bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provide optimal strategies in coastal architecture of Kish island to deal with future environmental consequences
Authors: Moshabaki Isfahani Ali Reza , Etesam Iraj , Majedi Hamid , Mokhtabad Amreei Seyed Mostafa
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to design and explain a prospective model for measuring tourism sustainability in Kish Island. Accordingly, the conceptualization of coastal architecture or tourism, the identification of influential factors and operational strategies for improving the tourism industry, especially on the coastal dimensions of the island, have been considered. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, the strategy used in this research is Grounded theory. The sampling used in this study was theoretical sampling. The main basis for gathering information has been to conduct in-depth interviews with managers and senior experts in coastal tourism to reach theoretical saturation. A total of 13 interviews were conducted. After gathering information, the written interview codes were analyzed. The findings were coded according to the paradigmatic pattern of Strauss and Corbin. Therefore, after performing the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, final modeling was achieved. The model consists of 6 general categories (causal, contextual, interventionist, pivotal, strategies and consequences) and 12 subcategories and 36 semantic concepts and data.
Detecting the potential lead, zinc, and gold orebodies by integrating remote sensing, geochemical, and geophysical studies in Dehshir (Iran)
Authors: Ahmadi Faezeh , Reza Jafari Mohammad , Adib Ahmad , Hrati Hamid , Ali Arian Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, exploration management, increasing productivity, and reducing exploration costs are among the most important issues in the detailed exploration stage of orebodies. A geographic information system (GIS) is an effective tool for gathering, storing, analyzing, updating, generating, integrating, and displaying geographic data and land reference. ArcGIS is one of the efficient and powerful GIS computer programs with numerous capabilities such as generating databases, managing the data and information, integrating the information, and generating different outputs in the form of various maps, charts, and tables. In this study, different exploratory layers with different types of information from the Dehshir orebody area were integrated into this software to determine the spread of metal and introduce the parts with higher anomalies for subsurface exploration. For this purpose, we used the information from remote sensing, topography, geomorphology, geology, and geophysics, and geochemistry studies in the form of exploratory layers.
Cluster organization of extractive industries in northern regions: a comprehensive assessment method
Authors: Nikiforova Valentina V. , Grigoryeva Elena E. , Gulyaev Petr V. , Kovrov Grigoriy S. , Konstantinov Nikolay N.
Published: June 2021

The spatial organization of productive forces, the efficient use of available facilities, and the production potential assessment of economic sectors in a given region are topical issues. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a large resource-dependent region of Russia, remarkable for the geographical dispersion of deposits over a vast territory and the complex transport and power supply infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of cluster organization in the subsoil use sector in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Russian Federation, factoring in the existing and prospective economic zoning and the existing potential. The republic was divided into zones based on a cluster framework of the subsoil users. The study used statistical data on the municipal districts and financial indicators of the extractive industry companies. The integrated method was applied in the assessment, and the performance index of the identified cluster territories was calculated on a ten-point scale. The identified zones were rated by resource and production potential. The general cluster zone performance index was calculated. It appeared feasible to cluster the extractive industry in the studied region as it can increase competitiveness of local companies and contribute to the socio-economic development of its municipal districts. The proposed method can be applied for comprehensive assessment of the subsoil use sector in northern territories.
Study of innovative activity of the distributive industries of the Russian Federation in the context of the world economy digitalization and globalization
Authors: Agaevich Ramazanov Ibragim , Panasenko Svetlana Viktorovna , Cheglov Vyacheslav Petrovich , Krasil’nikova Elena Anatol’evna , Fedorovich Nikishin Alexander
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a study of innovative activity of companies in the trade sector. It is proved that Russian companies show low innovative activity in the commercial area. The authors conclude that the implementation of innovative activities in the context of the globalization of markets, the development of the digital economy, and the industrial revolution 4.0 is a necessary condition for the functioning of companies in the trade sector. Russian retail chains are entering a stage of crisis development and increased competition from global retail chains. Only those companies that are promptly aware of the need for innovative activity will be able to get out of the crisis.
Monitoring optimization of telecommunication networks for generation of reserve capacity in system
Authors: Kravets Oleg Jakovlevich , Danilina Elena Ivanovna , Malikova Iana Ivanovna , Gorelov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: June 2021

This article discusses an approach to monitoring optimization in telecommunication networks with packet routing. Mathematical model of data networking with accounting for monitoring traffic structure is described, optimization task is determined. Main attention is paid to model development on the basis of queueing theory in order to generation of reserve capacity in system. The main concept is that comparatively simple structure of monitoring network is imposed on physical structure of telecommunication network. The modeling is aimed at selection of optimum parameters of monitoring system, solution techniques for similar task are proposed. The obtained optimization task is sufficiently complicated, subsequent attempts should be aimed at searching for conditions which would enable introduction of some constraints in order to simplify its solution without noticeable loss of the model adequacy. This is especially important for asynchronous task of monitoring, it should be based on selection of the most acceptable type of objective function (linear or quadratic). Management system structure of terminal equipment monitoring has been developed for railway sector on the basis of SNMP V3. The system would permit to improve confidence level of data received from measuring system about electrical parameters of route cables, thus decreasing human errors upon classification of emergency situations occurring in communication networks.
O título de Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade e a conservação da biodiversidade: o caso do Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros
Authors: Ribeiro Luanna De Souza , Franco José Luiz De Andrade , Cunha André De Almeida
Published: June 2021

A partir da perspectiva da política internacional e da conservação da biodiversidade, este texto trata do papel dos Patrimônios Naturais da Humanidade para a conservação da biodiversidade. O foco principal é o Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV), localizado no bioma Cerrado. Inicialmente, é realizada uma apresentação ampla sobre o tema. Em seguida, são mostrados aspectos relacionados com as características e fitofisionomia do PNCV e o histórico de criação do PNCV e as alterações em sua área, de 1961 a 2017. Posteriormente, foram tratados os conceitos e as características concernentes ao Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade, com a exposição de três casos, um na Austrália e dois no Brasil, dando ênfase ao do PNCV. Por fim, concluiu-se que esses mecanismos são de importante caráter simbólico e formam uma “blindagem” contra ações que podem culminar na degradação ambiental. Isso é reforçado pelo caráter oficial determinado por essas designações que podem incorrer em alto custo político caso não sejam seguidas. Porém, possuem uma efetividade limitada e são dependentes da devida apropriação pelas políticas nacionais e pela sociedade que, não raro, questionam a própria ideia da importância da conservação ambiental.
Endovascular Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula via Radial Artery and Median Cubital Vein
Authors: Tan Wen Nian , Rajadurai Arvin , Balakrishnan Dhayal
Published: June 2021

Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CS-DAVF) is an arteriovenous shunt where there is fistulous blood flow from the dural arteries from the internal or external carotid artery into the cavernous sinus. The current mainstay of therapy is endovascular treatment. We present a case of restrictive type of CS-DAVF in a 75-year-old male who presented with right eye symptoms. He was treated with embolisation using trans-radial artery access for angiographic runs and a median cubital vein access navigating into the cavernous sinus for coil deployment. This technique completely avoids the conventional technique of a femoral approach and confines all access to the arm. Therefore, there are less risks and complications associated with an arm access, improves patients’ comfort and mobility post procedure. Transradial artery and cubital vein access allows for a safe and convenient alternative technique using the arm as compared with conventional transfemoral approach for treatment of CS-DAVF.
Energetic and Exergetic Investigation of Regenerative Gas Turbine Air-Bottoming/Steam -Bottoming Combined Cycle
Authors: KHAN Mohammad Nadeem
Published: June 2021

The present study is a thermodynamic analysis of a Regenerative Air-Bottoming combined (RABC) cycle /Steam bottoming combined (RABC) cycle operated by the exhaust gases the topping gas turbine cycle. The fractional mass of exhaust gases passes through the first heat exchanger where it exchanges heat with the compressed air from the air compressor of topping cycle and remaining amount of exhaust gasses passes through a second heat exchanger where it uses to supply heat to RABC cycle or third heat exchanger where it uses to supply heat to RSBC cycle. The energetic and exergetic performance of RABC cycle and RSBC cycle is investigated using turbine inlet temperature (1000 K⩽ TIT⩽1500 K) and mass fraction of exhaust gas (0⩽x⩽1) of the topping cycle as the input variables.  The work net output attained its peak value at x=0 which is 22.1 % to 27.3 % for RABC cycle and 22.7 % to 21.5 % for RSBC cycle whereas the maximum thermal efficiency and minimum specific fuel consumption is observed at x=1. Also exergy loss by exhaust gases is minimum at x=0 for both RABC cycle and RSBC cycle. Finally, it is concluded that for the maximum work net output and minimum exergy loss by exhaust gases, RABC cycle is the best option followed by RSBC cycle but for optimum thermal efficiency and minimum specific fuel consumption purely regenerative gas turbine cycle have no comparison with RABC cycle and RSBC cycle.
Wide-angle scanning linear phased arrays based on wide-beam magneto electric dipole antenna
Authors: Yan Hao-Nan , Cao Xiang-Yu , Gao Jun , Yang Huan-Huan , Li Tong ,   Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710077, China
Published: June 2021

Microstrip phased array has aroused interest of many researchers because of its beam agility. However, a big problem for typical microstrip array is that its main beam can only scan from about –50° to 50°, with a gain loss of 4-5 dB. Meanwhile, the relatively narrow operating bandwidth of microstrip antenna is also a problem in application. These flaws have dramatically limited its applications and spawned many studies on phased array with wide-angle scanning capability. Several methods have been proposed to broaden the scanning coverage of phased array, such as utilizing pattern-reconfigurable antenna as an element of array, taking wide-beam antenna as the element of array, and adopt metasurface as the top cladding of array. However, most of existing researches mainly focus on achieving wide-angle scanning performance within a relatively narrow bandwidth. A phased array that possesses wide-angle scanning capability at both main planes within a relatively wide bandwidth is highly desirable. In this paper, a wide-beam magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna is proposed. It consists of an ME dipole antenna in the form of microstrip patch and a pair of magnetic dipoles. Metallic through holes integrated with patches and ground are utilized to form magnetic currents. Extra magnetic dipoles are added to broaden the 3-dB beam-width. The simulated results reveal that the 3-dB beam-width of the proposed antenna is greater than 107° in the E-plane (9 GHz–12 GHz) and 178° in the H-plane (7 GHz–12 GHz) respectively. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 53.26% from 7.3 GHz to 12.6 GHz (VWSR < 2). Based on the proposed antenna element, two linear phased arrays are fabricated and measured. To test the wide-angle scanning capability of the arrays, each antenna element is simply fed with alternating currents with identical amplitude and linearly increasing phases. The measured results reveal that the wide-angle scanning capability of H-plane array and E-plane array can be obtained from 9 GHz to 12 GHz. The scanning beam of the H-plane array can cover the range from -90° to 90°. The scanning beam of the E-plane array can cover the range from –70° to 70°. The impedance bandwidth of the central antenna is 27.03% for the H-plane array from 9.6 GHz to 12.6 GHz (active VWSR < 2.5) and 36.36% for the E-plane array from 9 GHz to 13 GHz (active VWSR < 2) respectively. Hence, the proposed method can be used as a reference for designing a wide-beam antenna and wide-angle scanning phased array and the designed phased arrays can be applied to X-band radar systems.
Dynamics of multipartite quantum coherence in asymmetric spin-orbit coupled system
Authors: Shao Ya-Ting , Yan Kai , Wu Yin-Zhong , Hao Xiang ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
Published: June 2021

The time evolution of multipartite quantum coherence is studied in a three-body spin system with an asymmetric interaction. The l1 norm measurement is used to estimate the degree of quantum coherence in the spin system. The decoherence of all components of quantum coherence in the three-body spin system is analyzed by the exact diagnolization and numerical method based on quantum master equation. The environmental noise induced by the spontaneous decay can be simulated by the quantum amplitude damping model. It is found that the time evolution of quantum coherence component is closely related to the quantum property of the whole initial state. When the initial state is a separable pure one, the asymmetric interactions can conduce to the enhancement of the degree of multipartite quantum coherence in a short time interval. Under the influence of quantum noise, the degree of quantum coherence decreases gradually. We pay much attention to the spatial distribution of the degree of quantum coherence in a many-body system. The additivity relationship of bipartite component and tripartite coherence can exist if the initial state is chosen to be a Werner-like state. This kind of the coherence additivity between all bipartite components and global coherence can be extended to an arbitrary N-body Werner-like state. But this additivity relationship depends on the l1 norm coherence measurement. Owing to the asymmetric interaction and noise, the degree of tripartite quantum coherence is more than the sum of all degrees of bipartite quantum coherence. The difference between the degree of tripartite coherence and the sum of all degrees of bipartite coherence is increased in a short time interval. The environmental noise can also suppress the difference in the coherence degree. The degree of the nearest neighboring bipartite coherence decreases more quickly than those of other bipartite coherences. The asymmetric interaction gives rise to the improvement in the degree of bipartite coherence and tripartite coherence. The coherence of the next-nearest neighboring two systems can be robust against the environmental noise. These results are helpful in preparing the multipartite quantum resources. We can utilize the system of coupled micro-cavities to realize the quantum spin system with controllable asymmetric interaction. In this way, the global coherence and bipartite coherence can be manipulated effectively by the quantum electromagnetic technology.
Efficient spin injection in Fe3GeTe2/h-BN/graphene heterostructure
Authors: Yang Wei , Han Jiang-Chao , Cao Yuan , Lin Xiao-Yang , Zhao Wei-Sheng ,   School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: June 2021

Recently, the discovery of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism has accelerated the application of spintronics in ultra-low power electronic device. Particularly, the Curie temperature of Fe3GeTe2 can be improved to room-temperature in several ways, such as interfacial exchange coupling and ionic liquid gating, which makes Fe3GeTe2 desirable for the practical application. In this work, we investigate the transport properties of Fe3GeTe2/graphene heterostructures with or without h-BN layers by utilizing the density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The results show that due to electronic orbital hybridization, the spin can be effectively injected into graphene with ± 0.1 V bias at the transparent contact interface of Fe3GeTe2/graphene. What is more, the efficient spin tunneling injection can be achieved in a wider bias range [–0.3 V, 0.3 V] by adding h-BN as a tunneling layer, where the spin filter effect that is induced by mismatched distribution of spin-dependent electronic states in the Brillouin zone, leads a spin polarizability to approach 100%. These results are helpful in the applications of 2D all-spin logic and the development of ultra-low power spintronic devices.
T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling promotes the assembly of RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 nuclear pore subcomplex via PKC-θ-mediated phosphorylation of RanGAP1
Authors: He Yujiao , Yang Zhiguo , Zhao Chen-si , Xiao Zhihui , Gong Yu , Li Yun-Yi , Chen Yiqi , Du Yunting , Feng Dianying , Altman Amnon , Li Yingqiu
Published: June 2021

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole and selective gateway for nuclear transport, and its dysfunction has been associated with many diseases. The metazoan NPC subcomplex RanBP2, which consists of RanBP2 (Nup358), RanGAP1-SUMO1, and Ubc9, regulates the assembly and function of the NPC. The roles of immune signaling in regulation of NPC remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in human and murine T cells, following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) directly phosphorylates RanGAP1 to facilitate RanBP2 subcomplex assembly and nuclear import and, thus, the nuclear translocation of AP-1 transcription factor. Mechanistically, TCR stimulation induces the translocation of activated PKC-θ to the NPC, where it interacts with and phosphorylates RanGAP1 on Ser504 and Ser506. RanGAP1 phosphorylation increases its binding affinity for Ubc9, thereby promoting sumoylation of RanGAP1 and, finally, assembly of the RanBP2 subcomplex. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of PKC-θ as a direct regulator of nuclear import and uncover a phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation of RanGAP1, delineating a novel link between TCR signaling and assembly of the RanBP2 NPC subcomplex.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Lophodermella needle pathogens (Rhytismataceae) on Pinus species in the USA and Europe
Authors: Ata Jessa P. , Burns Kelly S. , Marchetti Suzanne , Munck Isabel A. , Beenken Ludwig , Worrall James J. , Stewart Jane E.
Published: June 2021

Increasing prevalence of conifer needle pathogens globally have prompted further studies on pathogen identification and a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships among needle pathogens. Several Lophodermella species can be aggressive pathogens causing needle cast in natural pine forests in the USA and Europe. However, their relationships with other Rhytismataceae species have historically been based on similarities of only limited phenotypic characters. Currently, no molecular studies have been completed to elucidate their relationships with other Lophodermella needle pathogens. This study collected and sequenced three gene loci, namely: internal transcribed spacer, large ribosomal subunit, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha, from five Lophodermella needle pathogens from North America (L. arcuata, L. concolor, L. montivaga) and Europe (L. conjuncta and L. sulcigena) to distinguish phylogeny within Rhytismatacaeae, including Lophophacidium dooksii. Phylogenetic analyses of the three loci revealed that all but L. conjuncta that were sampled in this study consistently clustered in a well-supported clade within Rhytismataceae. The multi-gene phylogeny also confirmed consistent nesting of L. dooksii, a needle pathogen of Pinus strobus, within the clade. Potential synapomorphic characters such as ascomata position and ascospore shape for the distinct clade were also explored. Further, a rhytismataceous species on P. flexilis that was morphologically identified as L. arcuata was found to be unique based on the sequences at the three loci. This study suggests a potential wider range of host species within the genus and the need for genetic characterization of other Lophodermella and Lophophacidium species to provide a higher phylogenetic resolution.
Maximization of information transmission influences selection of native phosphorelay architectures
Authors: Alves Rui , Salvadó Baldiri , Milo Ron , Vilaprinyo Ester , Sorribas Albert
Published: June 2021

Phosphorelays are signal transduction circuits that sense environmental changes and adjust cellular metabolism. Five different circuit architectures account for 99% of all phosphorelay operons annotated in over 9,000 fully sequenced genomes. Here we asked what biological design principles, if any, could explain selection among those architectures in nature. We began by studying kinetically well characterized phosphorelays (Spo0 of Bacillus subtilis and Sln1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We find that natural circuit architecture maximizes information transmission in both cases. We use mathematical models to compare information transmission among the architectures for a realistic range of concentration and parameter values. Mapping experimentally determined phosphorelay protein concentrations onto that range reveals that the native architecture maximizes information transmission in sixteen out of seventeen analyzed phosphorelays. These results suggest that maximization of information transmission is important in the selection of native phosphorelay architectures, parameter values and protein concentrations.
Praising God in “Wondrous and Picturesque Ways”
Authors: Kamath Harshita Mruthinti
Published: June 2021

Focused on Nandi Timmana’s sixteenth-century Telugu epic poem, Pārijātāpaharaṇamu (Theft of a Tree), this article analyzes citrakāvya, a genre of poetry that includes various kinds of patterned verses, word puzzles, and figural poems. The seventeenth-century Telugu grammarian Appakavi outlines three genres of citrakāvya: 1) citrakavitvamu (verses with restricted syllables); 2) bandhakavitvamu (figural verses); and 3) garbhakavitvamu (verses with meters embedded in meters). Timmana employs all three genres of citrakāvya in Theft of a Tree 5.92–99, which are set in the voice of Nārada praising Kṛṣṇa as god. Rather than reading citrakāvya as simply a form of alaṅkāra (literary ornament), I argue that citrakāvya primarily functions as a form of stotra (praise poetry) in the context of Timmana’s Theft of a Tree. Shifting the flow of his rather fast-paced narrative, Timmana intentionally uses citrakāvya to praise and even capture god through the complex figuration of syllables and sounds. Timmana’s citras are essential to scripting a new layer of the pārijāta narrative, one that highlights the voice of the poet himself speaking to his god.
Repentance in the Quran, Hadith, and Ibn Qudāma’s Kitāb al-Tawwābīn
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel , Moghadam Amir
Published: June 2021

The Quran makes repentance an important element of piety and exhorts believers to repent of their sins. Numerous hadith also emphasize its importance, along with God’s merciful forgiveness of the repentant sinner. In his K. al-Tawwābīn, the Hanbali scholar Ibn Qudāma al-Maqdisī (d. 620/1223) draws on a wide range of akhbār (always adorned with an isnād) to present examples of repentance of angels, prophets, Companions of Muḥammad, pious mystics, and others, including non-Muslims. Ibn Qudāma’s treatise stands out for his frequent citation of accounts (often on the authority of Wahb b. Munabbih) maligned by other scholars as isrāʾīliyyāt. In addition, his willingness to highlight the sins of prophets and the Prophet’s Companions, while in line with other Hanbalis, challenges common notions of prophetic impeccability and the ethical qualities of the ṣaḥāba. In this article we argue that Ibn Qudāma is willing to challenge these notions because of his vision for the construction of the pious self. He sees human initiative in overcoming the self’s natural inclination to sinfulness as a necessary step toward spiritual excellence. In this regard his spiritual vision is shaped by certain Sufi notions. While divine grace still plays a role in the working of repentance, it does not eliminate the need for human initiative. This led Ibn Qudāma to construct a mythical past in which many of the great spiritual figures were involved with a spiritual struggle with their own immoral or impious (or egotistical) instincts.
Salafism against Hadith Literature
Authors: Lauzière Henri
Published: June 2021

This article examines the lexical emergence of salafiyya (used in the sense of Salafism) in the Algerian press between 1925 and 1927, which currently constitutes the earliest known use of this abstract noun in Arabic. An attentive reading of the sources reveals that, since it was a new category, it had not yet an established meaning. The task of outlining its definition and features fell to the reformers who first used it. One of them, Abū Yaʿlā al-Zawāwī (d. 1952), did so in a way that defies today’s conventional thinking: he laid claim to Salafism while disparaging the Sunna and attempting to reduce the authority of hadith literature. The article shows that the core intellectual features we routinely associate with Salafism were not necessarily embraced by the historical actors who used this term at its inception in the mid-1920s. This has implications for the proper historicization of Salafism as a category.
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Role and Factors Affecting Renal Conservation- ACross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Pujari Sujata , Sharma Shweta , Rulaniya Suresh Kumar , Mohapatra Biswajit , Goel Gourab
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (EPN) is a serious life threatening, necrotising infection which can affect renal parenchyma, collecting system and nearby tissue with presence of gas within renal system Aim: To check likelihood of kidney salvagibility by minimally invasive approaches in EPN and to see the prognostic factors that support kidney salvagibility in EPN. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2018 to June 2020 on 30 patients who were admitted in Department of Urology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha,India with features of EPN.Thirty patients with clinical and radio-logical features (Huang Tseng Classification) of EPN were enrolled in the study. All the biochemical parameters, clinical features and outcomes (patient who managed conservatively included in good outcome group while the patients who required nephrectomy were included in poor outcome group) continuous variables were analysed with the Unpaired t-test and categorical variables were analysed with fisher-exact test and multiple logistic regression test. Results were considered statistical significance when p-value was <0.05. Results: EPN was associated with diabetes mellitus in 80% of cases, 80% presented with complain of fever and loin pain was a presentation in 70% of cases. Mean serum Creatinine for good outcome was 1.4 and serum creatinine 2.5 or more was associated with poor outcome. Reduced platelet count (p-value=0.0143), altered mental status (p-value=0.0073), severe proteinuria (p-value=0 .0213), renal function impairment (p-value=0 .0493) and shock (p-value=0.0127) were statistically significant and associated with poor outcome. A 76% (n=21)cases were classified as good outcome group and 24% (n=9) cases classified as poor outcome group for which nephrectomy was done. Open nephrectomy was done in nine patients. Conclusion: There is a definite possibility of renal salvagibility by minimally invasive approaches in EPN in properly selected patients of EPN. Shock, altered mental status, raised serum creatinine, platelet count <120000/cmm, severe proteinuria are poor outcome factors which can lead to nephrectomy in conservatively managed cases of EPN.
Acute Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium on Behavioural Parameters and Histopathology Damages in Freshwater Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Deepak T. , Sanjay G. B. , Shivakumar C. S.
Published: June 2021

Water sources of almost all regions in India are carrying the unbearable burden of dangerous pollutants. The release of waste products and anthropogenic wastes run-off has contributed to aquatic pollution. The environment has become a storehouse for chemical pollutant which infiltrate into the aquatic environment, including estuarine, thus immobilizing the aquatic biota, among the heavy metals. Chromium is a heavy metal which has both beneficial and harmful effect on organisms. It is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Many industries are disposing of chemical pollutants to the water. These disposals contain many chemicals, including Chromium. The purpose of this review was to check the accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different organs of freshwater fishes that come in contact with the water contaminated with heavy metals. The subjected fish were exposed to Chromium (Cr) at the sub-lethal level at a concentration of 40mg/L in 96 hours. During the observation period, the fishes shown some behavioral changes like erratic swimming, slow motility, suffocation, and the scales become thin and decolorized. In the gill region, the gill filaments become swollen, and gill rackers become thick, and curling of lamellae was noticed, and it is caused due to the Chromium build-upon gills. At the region of the caudal fin, permanent bending of the tail was observed. The Chromium also affects other vital organs like the spleen and gut region. LC50 was found in 96 hours. The result indicates that Chromium is highly toxic and has deleterious effects on aquatic life. Humans are also affected by the intake of fishes for primary people of those areas where the leading food is fish.
Clinical Presentation and Surgical Outcome in Patients Presented with Peritonitis
Authors: Abro Shahnawaz , Qureshi Sajjad Hussian , Hameed Faiza , Ahmed Aftab , Yousif Sohail
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the surgical outcome in patients with peritonitis at tertiary care Hospital.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted in general surgery department of Peoples Medical Collage Hospital, Nawabshah (SBA). Study duration was two year from August 2014 to July 2016. All the patients aged more than 12 years and of both genders were included. Surgical management was done in all of the study subjects. Abdominal cavity was produced with midline incisions using grid iron as per investigations and clinical evaluation; the quantity and quality of intra-abdominal exudates were measured. Intestinal contents and pus were removed from peritoneal cavity with suction as well as by manual mopping, and full lavage was carried out with 3-5 liters of normal saline to all parts of the abdominal cavity. All the demographic data including clinical presentation and surgical outcome in terms of post-operative complications, Hospital stay and mortality were recorded via study proforma.

Results: A total of 100 cases of peritonitis 75% patients were male and 25% patients were female. The mean age of patients was 36.21+12.32 years. Acute generalized abdominal pain was in all  cases, followed by fever 91.0%, vomiting 66.0%, constipation 69.0% and 2.0% patients complained of passing blood per rectum. Generalized abdominal tenderness, including rebound tenderness 90%, abdominal rigidity 83%, dehydration 88%, abdominal distention 85%, absent gut sound 70%, shifting dullness was elicited in 64% of cases and jaundice in 1.0% of cases. According to post-operative complications 20.0% patients developed Septicemia and Fecal fistula, 40.0% had wound Infection only, 9.0% patients developed wound infection and septicemia, 4.0% patients developed septicemia without any wound infection. Most of the patients had prolonged Hospital stay and overall mortality rate was 16%.

Conclusion: Surgical outcome of the peritonitis resulted poor in those cases who came late and there was huge contamination of peritoneal cavity when operated, these patients developed post-operative complications i.e. wound infection, septicemia, faecal fistula and there hospital stay was longer.
Estimation of Serum Glutathione Peroxidase in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat Treated with Bitter Leaf Extract
Authors: Nwakulite Arvin , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Eze Richard , Ugochi Valerie Esame , Vincent C.C.N. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Chukwurah Ejike Felix , Unaeze Bright Chukwuebuka , Amaechi Chukwudi Ofodile , Okwuanaso Chetachi Blessing , Chukwuani Ufuoma , Ifionu Bart I.
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in which there are high blood sugar levels. Type 2 is due to the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzyme activity in glutathione peroxidase in type 2 diabetic rats induced streptozotocin Wister rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods was used. Thirty-two (32) adult rats of Wister strain weighing between 120 g – 200 g of both sexes equally were used. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes after high fat diet. The rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 8 rats; group 1 are rats fed with only feed and water, group 2 were given 37 mg/kg of streptozotocin with feed and water, group 3 had 37 mg/kg of streptozotocin, feed, water and treated with 2ml of freshly prepared bitter leaf extract daily, group 4 had feed, water, 37mg/kg of streptozotocin and treated with 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide (anti diabetic drug). Severity of the induced diabetic state was assessed by daily and weekly monitoring of body weights and blood glucose levels. The result of fasting blood sugar shows a significant difference (P<0.05) at group 3(7.72±0.99) compared to group 4(9.93±1.22) in week 2.There is also a significant decrease (p<0.05) at group 3(7.72±0.99) compared to group 4(9.90±1.24) in week 3.There is also a significant decrease (p<0.05) at group 3(6.22±1.20) compared to group 46.50±0.70) in week 5. There is a significant increase (p<0.05) at group 1(7.63±0.71) compared to group 4(5.78±1.40), group 2(7.45±0.87) compared to group 4(5.78±1.40)in week 4.There is also a significant decrease in GPX activity in group at group 1(424.59±102.65) compared to group 2(307.34±75.66). There is no significant difference (p>0.05) at group 2(307.34±75.66) compared to group 3(204.31±46.51). There is also no significant difference (p>0.05) at group 2(307.34±75.66) compared to group 4(206.12±55.37). No significant difference (p>0.05) at group 3(204.31±46.51) compared to group 4(206.12±55.37). In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that bitter leaf extract reduced glucose level and has no  damage effect on the liver.
Selective Synthesis of 3‐(α‐Fluorovinyl)indoles and 3‐Acylindoles via the Cascade Reactions of 1‐Phenylpyrazolidinones with α,α‐Difluoromethylene Alkynes
Authors: Yang Yujie , Li Na , Zhao Jie , Jiang Yuqin , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: June 2021

Presented herein is a selective synthesis of 3‐(α‐fluorovinyl)indoles and 3‐acylindolesviathe coupling of 1‐phenylpyrazolidinones with α,α‐difluoromethylene alkynes. Mechanistically, the formation of 3‐(α‐fluorovinyl)indoles is resulted from a cascade process including Rh(III)‐catalyzedortho‐C−H bond cleavage, regioselective triple bond insertion, pyrazolidinone ring‐opening, indole ring‐formation and HF elimination. Interestingly, when this reaction was carried out in CH3OH/H2O instead of CH3CN, the in situ formed 3‐(α‐fluorovinyl)indoles readily undergo a hydration process to afford 3‐acylindole derivatives. This protocol features with controllable selectivity, simultaneous formation of both the heterocyclic scaffold and the monofluoroalkenyl moiety, atom‐economy, substrate diversity, good functional group tolerance and redox‐neutral reaction conditions. Anticancer screening of selected products against two human cancer cell lines demonstrated their potential as lead compounds for drug development.

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Recent Studies of Bifunctionalization of Simple Indoles
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Xu Shaohong , Wang Kai‐Kai , Kong Niuniu , Liu Xue
Published: June 2021

Indole structures are extremely important and widely employed in organic synthesis. This review will focus on direct bifunctionalizations of simple indoles in tandem reactions. Recent studies have been divided into four types by trigger mechanisms: (1) nucleophilic C3; (2) nucleophilic NH for cyclization; (3) reduction; (4) oxidation. Reactions with carbocations, pyridines, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, imines, halogenated compounds et al were discussed. We hope this review will promote future research in the use of indoles.
Fabrication of a Kagomé‐type MOF Membrane by Seeded Growth on Amino‐functionalized Porous Al2O3 Substrate
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Kusaka Shinpei , Hori Akihiro , Matsuda Ryotaro
Published: June 2021

In this study, we report an efficient fabrication method for the membrane of a metal‐organic framework (MOF) (Kgm−OEt) which is one kind of kagomé‐type MOF with a two‐dimensional (2D) sheet structure having one‐dimensional (1D) channels suitable for separation of H2 from other larger gases. The Kgm−OEt seed layer was created on an Al2O3 substrate using layer‐by‐layer (LBL) growth, then a membrane was fabricated by secondary growth. The membrane on a 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEs)‐treated substrate obtained in this method was continuous and defect‐free with the crystal orientation suitable for gas transportation, while the membrane grown on an unmodified substrate was loosely packed with unfavorable crystal orientation.
Understand legal aspects of managing mental health issues involving faculty, staff members
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2021

Amid the ongoing changes and stressors related to COVID‐19, the mental health of faculty and staff members has become one of the top personnel concerns at colleges and universities throughout the country. To help you address these issues from both a legal and practical standpoint, a panel of experts shared strategies during a webinar hosted by the Employment Law Alliance, moderated by José A. Olivieri, Esq., Co‐Managing Partner at Michael Best & Friedrich LLP in Wisconsin.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis without glomerular crescent formation as an underestimated subgroup of renal involvement among microscopic polyangiitis patients: A case report
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Kim Hae‐Rim , Lee Sang‐Heon , Min Hong Ki
Published: June 2021

Although extra‐glomerular involvement of microscopic polyangiitis is not regarded as a characteristic finding of the disease, tubulointerstitial nephritis should be considered as a new subclass of renal involvement.
Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Haruna Aderemi B. , Gaolatlhe Lesego , Lebechi Augustus K. , Meng Jiashen , Pang Quanquan , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: June 2021

Rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (RZABs) are one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies for stationary applications (home and industry), wearable and portable electronics, and transportation (including electric vehicles) due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness, safety, and low cost. However, RZABs still face serious challenges (such as sluggish oxygen reactions, poor durability, inferior reversibility of the zinc anode, and low cell energy efficiency) that conspire against their widespread commercialization. The reactions that occur at the three key components of the RZAB (air cathode, zinc anode, and electrolyte) co‐operatively conspire against its performance. Thus, this review focuses on the bifunctional electrocatalytic events at the cathode (i. e., oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER)). That is in addition to the recent developments aimed at mitigating the performance‐limiting events at the anode and the electrolytes. This review directs the attention of researchers and users to the critical areas for the development of the next‐generation RZABs.
Detection and 2D Imaging of Dopamine Distribution Using a Closed Bipolar Electrode System by Applying a Cathodic Luminophore
Authors: Iwama Tomoki , Komatsu Mayo , Inoue Kumi Y. , Shiku Hitoshi
Published: June 2021

A 2D imaging system using closed bipolar electrodes (cBPEs) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is expected to realize high spatio‐temporal resolution imaging. However, imaging of the distributions of molecules that cause an oxidation reaction on the electrode surface was not achieved by the cBPE/ECL system because the conventionally used luminophore can generate ECL only by an oxidation reaction. In this paper, we propose to implement a cathodic luminophore, [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) producing ECL by reduction reaction into the cBPE/ECL system to enable detection and 2D imaging of dopamine, which is an oxidizable redox species and an important neurotransmitter. The applicability of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2/GSSG for dopamine detection using a single cBPE was shown and its electrochemical properties were discussed. In addition, the demonstration of the 2D imaging of dopamine was performed using a cBPE array. These results show the potential to greatly expand the applicability of detection and imaging systems using cBPE/ECL.
Impact of molecular testing in advanced melanoma on outcomes in a tertiary cancer center and as reported in a publicly available database
Authors: Dimitrova Maya , Kim Min Jae , Osman Iman , Jour George
Published: June 2021

Background

In patients with advanced melanoma (MM), genomic profiling may guide treatment decisions in the frontline setting and beyond as specific tumor mutations can be treated with targeted therapy (TT). The range of panel sizes used to identify targetable mutations (TM) can range from a few dozen to whole exome sequencing (WES).

Aim

We investigated the impact of panel size and mutation status on first‐line treatment selection and outcomes in MM.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data for 1109 MM patients from three cohorts: 169 patients at NYULH and profiled with the 50 gene Ion Torrent panel (IT), 195 patients at MSKCC, profiled with the 400‐gene MSK‐IMPACT panel (MSK‐I) and 745 patients at seven different sites profiled with WES. Data for cohorts 2 and 3 were extrapolated from the publicly available cBioPortal.

Treatment information was available for 100%, 25%, and 0% of patients in cohort 1, 2, and 3, respectively. BRAF and NRAS were among the top five most commonly mutated genes in the IT and MSK‐I, whereas for WES only BRAF was a top five mutation. There was no significant difference in OS for BRAF MUT patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) vs TT in cohort 1 (P = .19), nor for BRAF MUT patients from cohort 1 treated with ICI vs those from cohort 2 treated with TT (P = .762).

Conclusion

Public datasets provide population‐level data; however, the heterogeneity of reported clinical information limits their value and calls for data standardization. Without evidence of clear clinical benefit of a larger panel size, there is a rationale for adopting smaller, more cost effective panels in MM.
The relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and health anxiety among families with COVID‐19 infected: The mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Spada Marcantonio M. , Nikčević Ana V. , Zamani Elahe
Published: June 2021

The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in the relationship between fear of COVID‐19 (FC‐19) and health anxiety, among families with COVID‐19 infected. Participants were 541 individuals from family members of patients with COVID‐19 (F = 52.3%, mean age = 41.3 ± 13.2 years). Data were collected with a packet including sociodemographic and risk factors, the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale‐12 and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed a full mediation of metacognitions (i.e., positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression in the relation between FC‐19 and health anxiety. Moreover, the strongest indirect links were found between FC‐19 and health anxiety through negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger and intolerance of uncertainty. These associations were independent of gender and risk status. The final model accounted for 71% of the variance of health anxiety. These findings suggest that particularly metacognitions, intolerance of uncertainty and expressive suppression play a full mediational role in the relation between FC‐19 and health anxiety.
Translocation of chromatin proteins to nucleoli—The influence of protein dynamics on post‐fixation localization
Authors: Zarębski Mirosław , Bosire Rosevalentine , Wesołowska Julita , Szelest Oskar , Eatmann Ahmed , Jasińska‐Konior Katarzyna , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Szabo Gabor , Dobrucki Jurek W.
Published: June 2021

It is expected that the subnuclear localization of a protein in a fixed cell, detected by microscopy, reflects its position in the living cell. We demonstrate, however, that some dynamic nuclear proteins can change their localization upon fixation by either crosslinking or non‐crosslinking methods. We examined the subnuclear localization of the chromatin architectural protein HMGB1, linker histone H1, and core histone H2B in cells fixed by formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, ethanol, or zinc salts. We demonstrate that some dynamic, weakly binding nuclear proteins, like HMGB1 and H1, may not only be unexpectedly lost from their original binding sites during the fixation process, but they can also diffuse through the nucleus and eventually bind in nucleoli. Such translocation to nucleoli does not occur in the case of core histone H2B, which is more stably bound to DNA and other histones. We suggest that the diminished binding of some dynamic proteins to DNA during fixation, and their subsequent translocation to nucleoli, is induced by changes of DNA structure, arising from interaction with a fixative. Detachment of dynamic proteins from chromatin can also be induced in cells already fixed by non‐crosslinking methods when DNA structure is distorted by intercalating molecules. The proteins translocated during fixation from chromatin to nucleoli bind there to RNA‐containing structures.