bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep phylogeographical structure and parallel host range evolution in the leaf beetle Agelasa nigriceps
Authors: Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Matsumoto Kazuma , Katakura Haruo
Published: November 2013

To understand the mechanisms behind the diversification of herbivorous insects through insect–plant interactions, it is important to know how the insects change their diet breadth in response to environmental changes. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographical pattern of the leaf beetle Agelasa nigriceps to infer the evolutionary history of its host range. While this beetle commonly uses Actinidia arguta (Actinidiaceae) as a host plant, it has been recorded recently on Pterostyrax hispidus (Styracaceae), which is now increasing in abundance at some localities in Japan due to the indirect effects of high population size of a mammalian herbivore. Considerable variation among populations in the ability of Ag. nigriceps to use P. hispidus suggests that P. hispidus is a newly acquired host plant for this beetle. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) revealed a high degree of phylogeographical structure in Ag. nigriceps throughout Japan, which is consistent with the hypothesis that several glacial refugia existed in the Japanese archipelago. In contrast, no genetic structure associated with the host plants was detected. Both the mitochondrial DNA and AFLP analyses showed that populations that can use P. hispidus are polyphyletic. These results and geographical variation in host use suggest that the host range expansion to a novel host, P. hispidus, is a very recent and possibly ongoing phenomenon and has occurred independently in several regions. Our study illustrates that the host range of herbivorous insects can evolve repeatedly in response to similar environmental changes.
The C‐terminal regions of YidC from Rhodopirellula baltica and Oceanicaulis alexandrii bind to ribosomes and partially substitute for SRP receptor function in Escherichia coli
Authors: Seitl Ines , Wickles Stephan , Beckmann Roland , Kuhn Andreas , Kiefer Dorothee
Published: November 2013

The marine Gram‐negative bacteria Rhodopirellula baltica and Oceanicaulis alexandrii have, in contrast to Escherichia coli, membrane insertases with extended positively charged C‐terminal regions similar to the YidC homologues in mitochondria and Gram‐positive bacteria. We have found that chimeric forms of E. coli YidC fused to the C‐terminal YidC regions from the marine bacteria mediate binding of YidC to ribosomes and therefore may have a functional role for targeting a nascent protein to the membrane. Here, we show in E. coli that an extended C‐terminal region of YidC can compensate for a loss of SRP‐receptor function in vivo. Furthermore, the enhanced affinity of the ribosome to the chimeric YidC allows the isolation of a ribosome nascent chain complex together with the C‐terminally elongated YidC chimera. This complex was visualized at 8.6 Å by cryo‐electron microscopy and shows a close contact of the ribosome and a YidC monomer.
Identification of sorghum genotypes with resistance to the sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari under natural and artificial infestation
Authors: Sharma Hari C. , Bhagwat Vitthal R. , Daware Dinakar G. , Pawar Dattaji B. , Munghate Rajendra S. , Sharma Suraj P. , Kumar Are Ashok , Reddy Belum V. S. , Prabhakar Krishna Bhat , Ambekar Suresh S. , Gadakh Sharad R.
Published: November 2013

Sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari is an endemic pest of sorghum during postrainy season, and there is a need to develop cultivars with resistance to this pest. Evaluation of a diverse array of sorghum genotypes under natural and artificial infestation resulted in identification of seven lines (ICSB 215, ICSB 323, ICSB 724, ICSR 165, ICSV 12001, ICSV 12004 and IS 40615) with moderate levels of resistance to aphid damage. Under artificial infestation, 10 lines suffered <20% loss in grain yield as compared to 72.4% grain loss in the susceptible check, Swarna. The genotypes ICSR 165, ICSB 724, IS 40615, DSV 5 and ICSB 323 exhibited moderate levels of resistance to aphid damage (damage rating, DR <5.0) and also had high grain yield potential (>30 q/ha). In another experiment, ICSB 215, ICSB 695, ICSR 161, Line 61510, ICSV 12004, Parbhani Moti and IS 40618 exhibited high grain yield potential (>25 q/ha) and exhibited <50% variation in grain yield as compared to more than 80% in the susceptible check, in CK 60 B. The genotypes RSV 1211, RS 29, RSV 1338, EC 8‐2, PU 10‐1, IS 40617 and ICSB 695 though showed a susceptible reaction to aphid damage, but suffered relatively low loss in grain yield, suggesting that these lines have tolerance to aphid damage. Principal coordinate analysis suggested that the genotypes with aphid resistance are quite diverse and can be used to breed for aphid resistance and high grain yield potential and also in breeding for aphid resistance in sorghum with adaptation to the postrainy season.
Gestational Age, Small for Gestational Age, and Infantile Colic
Authors: Milidou Ioanna , Søndergaard Charlotte , Jensen Morten Søndergaard , Olsen Jørn , Henriksen Tine Brink
Published: November 2013

Background

Preterm and growth restricted infants may have developmental delays and deviations from normal organ function related to the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Since both organ systems are hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile colic, a condition characterised by excessive crying during the first months of life, impaired fetal growth and preterm birth may be risk factors for infantile colic.

Methods

A total of 62 761 liveborn singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996 to 2002) were studied. Infantile colic was defined according to Wessel's modified criteria based on maternal interview conducted at 6 months post‐partum.

Results

A total of 2605 (4.2%) infants were born preterm, 54 441 (86.7%) at term, and 5715 (9.1%) post‐term. A total of 4964 (7.9%) infants fulfilled Wessel's modified criteria for infantile colic. The risk for infantile colic increased with decreasing gestational age after adjustment for covariates. The highest odds [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] was observed for infants born before 32 completed gestational weeks (1.5 [95% CI 1.0, 2.2], reference: 40 gestational weeks). Small for gestational age infants (birthweight below 10th percentile) had an increased odds of infantile colic (1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.3]) in all gestational age groups.

Conclusions

We observed an increased risk of infantile colic in preterm and small for gestational age infants in a large cohort. Our results suggest that the aetiology of infantile colic may be found in the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal period.
New Techniques for Determining the Longitudinal Effects of Local Hemodynamics on the Intima‐Media Thickness in Arteriovenous Fistulae in an Animal Model
Authors: Rajabi‐Jagahrgh Ehsan , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir , Wang Yang , Al‐Rjoub Marwan , Campos‐Naciff Begona , Choe Ann , Dumoulin Charles , Banerjee Rupak K.
Published: November 2013

Remodeling in the arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is believed to be a hemodynamic‐driven process, which results in extreme changes in the diameter and intima‐media thickening (IMT) of vessels over time. This study aims to describe the successful development of techniques that enabled correlation of changes in local and longitudinal wall shear stress (WSS) with the temporal variations of the diameter and IMT in the venous segment of AVFs. An AVF was created between the femoral artery and vein of a 50‐kg pig. We have previously shown the successful use of CT‐scan and ultrasound techniques for anatomical and flow measurements in AVFs, respectively. In this study, we developed new techniques involving markers (both in vivo and ex vivo), casting (ex vivo), and micro‐MRI (ex vivo; 7 Tesla). A radiopaque marker (ROM) was sutured to the AVF at the day of surgery, which was visible in the CT‐scan images, micro‐MRI, and histology sections. Therefore, ROM served as a fixed local reference for both in vivo and ex vivo states of AVFs. Immediately after sacrificing the pig, a procedure was developed to create a cast from the AVF and thus, maintaining the in vivo state of the AVF during the histology process. Then, micro‐MRI and histology techniques were conducted on the AVF to measure IMT in the vein. Along the ROM, the local changes in WSS levels for two cross‐sections were tracked at 2D (D: days) and 28D post surgery. WSS levels reduced from 2D to 28D for both cross‐sections. Also, the recirculation zones, which formed at 2D for both sections, became smaller in size at 28D. These hemodynamic changes were then mapped onto the corresponding IMT measurements from histology and micro‐MRI. It was observed that the recirculation zones at 2D and 28D corresponded to the largest IMT in the two sections. In summary, the new methodologies allowed us to define a fixed local reference at all time points in the AVF, which enabled accurate tracking of local changes in hemodynamics (WSS), configuration (diameter), and structure (IMT) of the venous segment over time. This also empowered study of the interactions between these parameters, which could improve our understanding about the hemodynamic‐driven remodeling in AVFs. From a clinical point of view, this information could be translated into local and early therapeutic interventions for dialysis patients.
Measurement of Vessel Diameter During Angioplasty: Are We Accurately Performing This Task?
Authors: Salman Loay , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Castro Hector , Monrroy Mauricio , Abdelwahed Yehia , Rizvi Abid , Merrill Donna , Asif Arif
Published: November 2013

Vessel diameter is objectively measured by a lead ruler positioned in the fluoroscopic field and software calibration during angioplasty. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of lead ruler determination of vessel diameter. Chronic hemodialysis patients undergoing an angioplasty procedure were included in this study (n = 37). Vessel diameter was determined by calibrating the fluoroscopy machine to a ruler with lead markers placed in the fluoroscopic field. The same calibration was used to measure the fully effaced angioplasty balloon in its intravascular location. We compared the measured balloon diameter with the actual (manufacturer's) diameter. The approximate depth of the ruler from the measured vessel was also determined. Angioplasty balloons appeared 13.75–40.83% (mean 25.8% ± 7.015) smaller than the actual size of the balloon (p < 0.0001) when measured using a calibrated fluoroscopic machine. There was a tendency toward the fact that the bigger the distance between the ruler and the vessel (that contained the angioplasty balloon), the more likely the technique underestimated the size of the angioplasty balloon. Lead ruler method underestimates the diameter of the vessel. Recognizing such a discrepancy is important when determining the size of an angioplasty balloon or endovascular stent.
The Temporal Association Between Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Psychotic Symptoms: A Mobile Phone Assessment Study
Authors: Palmier‐Claus Jasper E. , Taylor Peter J. , Ainsworth John , Machin Matthew , Dunn Graham , Lewis Shon W.
Published: November 2013

The relationship between psychotic symptoms and self‐injurious thoughts (SITs) remains unclear. The short‐term temporal associations between psychotic symptoms and SITs were explored. A sample of 36 people with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or at‐risk mental state completed mobile phone‐based measures at multiple times each day for 1 week. Clustered regression with time‐lagged variables supported a relationship between paranoia and subsequent SITs. Hallucinations did not predict these thoughts when controlling for paranoia. The role of specific psychotic symptoms in triggering SITs is highlighted and the importance of considering these factors in risk management is discussed.
HLA‐B*35:233, a novel B*35 allele found in a volunteer of the DONORMO—The Mexican Bone Marrow Registry of Unrelated Donors
Authors: Alaez C , Flores‐A H , Munguía A , Valencia ME , Gorodezky C
Published: November 2013

HLA‐B*35:233 a novel human leukocyte antigen‐B was identified in a Mexican Mestizo donor.
HLA‐A*26:92—a further allele possessing a segment ofA*02:01:01:01
Authors: Street J. , Johnson J. , Pepperall J. , Darke C.
Published: November 2013

HLA‐A*26:92differs fromA*26:01:01by seven bases in exon 2 resulting in six amino acid substitutions.
Identification of the new HLA‐DPB1 allele, DPB1*162:01, in a Venezuelan family
Authors: Testi M. , Battarra M. , Di Luzio A. , Galluccio T. , Andreani M.
Published: November 2013

The allele HLA‐DPB1*162:01 differs from DPB1*01:01:02 by three nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in exons 3 and 4.
KIR and KIR ligand polymorphism: a new area for clinical applications?
Authors: Falco M. , Moretta L. , Moretta A. , Bottino C.
Published: November 2013

Killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) play an essential role in the regulation of natural killer (NK) activity, allowing NK cells to sense and respond to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I downregulation, an important hallmark for viral infections and tumor transformation. KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes and KIR/HLA class I interaction represents an example of genetic epistasis in which the presence of receptor/ligand pairs is necessary for the induction of functional activity, while the presence of one in the absence of the other is not sufficient to influence NK cell function. Due to the high degree of HLA class I and KIR gene variability, KIR/KIR‐ligand (KIR‐L) interactions are extraordinarily diverse. KIR polymorphism arises from both haplotypic and allelic variations and was shaped by natural selection. KIR variability affects NK cell education influencing the KIR repertoire, KIR expression, the strength of KIR/KIR‐L interactions and the capability to deliver signals. Moreover, it may influence NK cell function during infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy and allogeneic transplantation. This review summarizes the genetic and functional features of KIR/KIR‐L interactions and gives an overview of their potential relevance in clinical studies.
Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation
Authors: Banks Ian J. , Gibson Walter T. , Cameron Mary M.
Published: November 2013

Objectives

To determine the capacity of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) to convert fresh human faeces into larval biomass under different feeding regimes, and to determine how effective BSFL are as a means of human faecal waste management.

Methods

Black soldier fly larvae were fed fresh human faeces. The frequency of feeding, number of larvae and feeding ratio were altered to determine their effects on larval growth, prepupal weight, waste reduction, bioconversion and feed conversion rate (FCR).

Results

The larvae that were fed a single lump amount of faeces developed into significantly larger larvae and prepupae than those fed incrementally every 2 days; however, the development into pre‐pupae took longer. The highest waste reduction was found in the group containing the most larvae, with no difference between feeding regimes. At an estimated 90% pupation rate, the highest bioconversion (16–22%) and lowest, most efficient FCR (2.0–3.3) occurred in groups that contained 10 and 100 larvae, when fed both the lump amount and incremental regime.

Conclusion

The prepupal weight, bioconversion and FCR results surpass those from previous studies into BSFL management of swine, chicken manure and municipal organic waste. This suggests that the use of BSFL could provide a solution to the health problems associated with poor sanitation and inadequate human waste management in developing countries.
How we developed and use the American Society for Apheresis guidelines for therapeutic apheresis procedures
Authors: Shaz Beth H. , Schwartz Joseph , Winters Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2013

The decision to treat a patient with therapeutic apheresis depends on multiple factors, such as what does the patient most likely have, is the diagnosis amenable to apheresis treatment, what is the harm‐versus‐benefit ratio of apheresis treatment in this patient, and what are the internal and external issues associated with receiving apheresis treatment? The “Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice—Evidence‐based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis” addresses these issues and helps aid in clinical decision making. The development and application of these Guidelines as well as potential new applications will be discussed in this article.
The International Reorganisation of Auto Production
Authors: Amighini Alessia , Gorgoni Sara
Published: November 2013

This paper aims at assessing whether and how the rise of new countries as important suppliers to the world's leading car producers has changed the structure of the international organisation of auto production over the last decade or has simply caused a shift in the geography of suppliers. By using network analysis, we show that emerging economies caused a structural change in the international organisation of auto production, but their roles are largely peripheral, while the world's leading producers now act as the core of a more hierarchical international division of labour than a decade ago.
Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to stress induced by different types of pollutants – testing the fluctuating asymmetry
Authors: Chudzinska Ewa , Pawlaczyk Ewa M. , Celinski Konrad , Diatta Jean
Published: November 2013

Damage caused to pine forests by industrial pollution is observed even several decades after emissions have stopped down. A simple morphological feature – the leaf fluctuating asymmetry – was used for assessing the condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands growing in a heavily degraded area. In 2011, a study was performed on the developmental instability of needles in four naturally reforested Polish populations of P. sylvestris. Studies were conducted within the protective zone at a zinc smelter, a copper smelter, a cement plant and train tracks. All selected areas manifested a high extent of anthropogenic pollution‐induced environmental degradation until the end of the 90s. Currently, a reduced level of environmental pollution is recorded at these sites. Control group was a natural population of Scots pine from the region of National Park of Wielkopolska. The results confirm the usefulness of fluctuating asymmetry as a highly sensitive indicator of non‐specific stress. Also, it was shown that in areas degraded by human activity, poor condition of Scots pine persists that the stress factor has been eliminated. This tendency occurs particularly to areas contaminated by heavy metals.
The Interaction of Porous Material Coating With the Near Wake of Bluff Body
Authors: Liu Hanru , Wei Jinjia , Qu Zhiguo
Published: November 2013

The flow around a circular cylinder with porous material coating (PMC) is numerically investigated based on unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) method at subcritical Reynolds number. The results are compared with some available results in the open literature. The interaction of PMC with the near wake of a circular cylinder such as streamline, vorticity field, and shear stress are studied in detail. Subsequently, the fluctuation forces and velocity distribution in the boundary layer are analyzed and the effect of various thicknesses of PMC is investigated. The numerical results reveal that PMC has prominently modified the flow characteristic of the near wake of circular cylinder and significantly mitigated the fluctuations of aerodynamic forces from two aspects of frequency and amplitude. It means that the vortex shedding from the bluff body is suppressed. It also is found that the thickness of the PMC is a sensitive parameter to the aerodynamic forces and velocity distribution in the boundary layer. Furthermore, the mean drag can be reduced to a certain extent when the thickness is appropriate. It is expected that the modification of flow characteristic and aerodynamic forces is closely related to the flow-induced noise reduction. Those results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of flow control on bluff body flow by using porous material coating and accumulate meaningful information for further industrial application.
Energy spacing between electronic resonances: A physical quantity correlating to diverse phases of the dense Pb overlayers on Si(111)
Authors: Chan Wen-Yuan , Huang Hsu-Sheng , Su Wei-Bin , Lu Shin-Ming , Hoffmann Germar , Chang Chia-Seng
Published: November 2013

The unoccupied states of Pb dense overlayers on Si(111) reveal an oscillatory character with two electronic resonance peaks that can be observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. By measuring the energy spacing between resonance peaks, it is found that the energy spacing is reduced with increasing the coverage of dense overlayer. The change of energy spacing originates from that the movement of the high-energy resonance peak is more pronounced than that of the low-energy peak with varying coverage. The authors demonstrate that this phase-dependent energy spacing is a useful quantity to identify that the room-temperature 1 × 1 and the low-temperature 7 × 3 phases have an identical coverage of 1.2 ML.
An investigation of environmental temperature effects on energy exchange by thermal radiation
Authors: Battaglia Onofrio Rosario , Fazio Claudio , Pizzolato Nicola , Sperandeo-Mineo Rosa Maria
Published: November 2013

The radiative heating or cooling of a body placed in an environment, whose temperature is considered constant is described by Stefan's law. In this paper, an analysis is made of how a time-dependent environmental temperature influences the heating/cooling process. We compare experimental results for a resistor first heated by the Joule effect inside a glass vacuum tube and then cooled under two different conditions: in a bath at a constant temperature and in air. We also discuss a model that describes how the time-dependent tube temperature influences the radiative resistor cooling by identifying the properties of the environment that make the resistor cooling rate linear.
The Bright Optical Flash and Afterglow from the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 130427A
Authors: Vestrand W. T. , Wren J. A. , Panaitescu A. , Wozniak P. R. , Davis H. , Palmer D. M. , Vianello G. , Omodei N. , Xiong S. , Briggs M. S. , Elphick M. , Paciesas W. , Rosing W.
Published: November 2013

Bright Lights

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), bright flashes of gamma-ray light, are thought to be associated with the collapse of massive stars. GRB 130427A was detected on 27 April 2013, and it had the longest gamma-ray duration and one of the largest isotropic energy releases observed to date (see the Perspective by

Fynbo

).

Ackermann
et al.

(p.
42
, published online 21 November) report data obtained with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, which reveal a high-energy spectral component that cannot be accounted for by the standard external shock synchrotron radiation model.

Vestrand
et al.

(p.
38
, published online 21 November) report the detection of an extremely bright flash of visible light and unexpected similarities between the variations of optical light and the highest-energy gamma rays that indicate a common origin. A detailed analysis of the first pulse of GRB 130427A by

Preece
et al.

(p.
51
, published online 21 November) suggests that existing models cannot explain all the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously.

Maselli
et al.

(p.
48
, published online 21 November) present x-ray and optical light curves of the burst's prompt emission as well as of its afterglow as recorded by the Swift satellite and a range of ground-based telescopes.
A View on Energy Transfer Between Cold Atoms
Authors: Donley Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2013

A new method for visualizing energy transfer between highly excited atoms may provide insight into coherent energy transport in molecular systems.

[Also see Report by

Günter
et al.

]
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus brevis Strain EW, a
Drosophila
Gut Pathobiont
Authors: Kim Eun-Kyoung , Park Young Min , Lee Oun Young , Lee Won-Jae
Published: November 2013

Lactobacillus brevis
strain EW, a gut pathobiont, was isolated from the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
L. brevis
EW.
Draft Genome Sequence and Description of
Janthinobacterium
sp. Strain CG3, a Psychrotolerant Antarctic Supraglacial Stream Bacterium
Authors: Smith Heidi , Akiyama Tatsuya , Foreman Christine , Franklin Michael , Woyke Tanja , Teshima Hazuki , Davenport Karen , Daligault Hajnalka , Erkkila Tracy , Goodwin Lynne , Gu Wei , Xu Yan , Chain Patrick
Published: November 2013

Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Janthinobacterium
sp. strain CG3, a psychrotolerant non-violacein-producing bacterium that was isolated from the Cotton Glacier supraglacial stream. The genome sequence of this organism will provide insight as to the mechanisms necessary for bacteria to survive in UV-stressed icy environments.
Draft Genome Sequence of Serratia fonticola LMG 7882
T
Isolated from Freshwater
Authors: Carneiro Adriana Ribeiro , Jucá Ramos Rommel Thiago , Baraúna Rafael Azevedo , de Sá Pablo Henrique , Marinho Almeida Diogo , Barbosa Silvanira , Pereira Anabela , Alves Artur , Egas Conceição , Correia António , Henriques Isabel , Silva Artur
Published: November 2013

Serratia fonticola
is a Gram-negative bacterium with a wide distribution in aquatic environments. On some occasions, it has also been regarded as a significant human pathogen. In this work, we report the first draft genome sequence of an
S. fonticola
strain (LMG 7882
T
), which was isolated from freshwater.
Draft Genome Sequences of 17 Isolates of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium
Dickeya
Authors: Pritchard Leighton , Humphris Sonia , Saddler Gerry S. , Elphinstone John G. , Pirhonen Minna , Toth Ian K.
Published: November 2013

Dickeya
(formerly
Erwinia chrysanthemi
) species cause diseases on a wide range of crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Here we present the draft sequences of 17
Dickeya
isolates spanning four
Dickeya
species, including five isolates that are currently unassigned to a species.
Haemodynamic collapse in a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction and concomitant traumatic acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Kumagai Naoto , Dohi Kaoru , Tanigawa Takashi , Ito Masaaki
Published: November 2013

A 71-year-old man suddenly collapsed and went into cardiopulmonary arrest. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempt succeeded in restoration of spontaneous circulation. The initial 12-lead electrocardiogram showed inferior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The patient was initially diagnosed as having cardiogenic shock associated with inferior AMI. In spite of early coronary revascularisation, bradycardia and hypotension were sustained. After termination of sedation and extubation, he was found to have a quadriplegia and diagnosed with a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, the patient was finally diagnosed with neurogenic shock caused by acute cervical SCI due to the traumatic injury preceded by loss of consciousness complicating inferior AMI. We should recognise that SCI has unique haemodynamic features that mimic those associated with inferior AMI, but requires very different treatment.
Conservative management of an abdominal gunshot injury with a peritoneal breach: wisdom or absurdity?
Authors: Khan Salma , Pardhan Amyn , Bawa Tufail , Haroon Naveed
Published: November 2013

Surgical exploration has been the standard of care for abdominal gunshot injuries. The authors report a case of a 28-year-old man who sustained a transabdominal gunshot injury, which entered the anterior abdominal wall and exited adjacent to the T12 vertebra posteriorly with a tangential trajectory. On presentation, the patient was haemodynamically stable with no peritoneal signs. Based on trajectory of the bullet, intra-abdominal injury was suspected. Therefore a CT scan abdomen with intravenous and rectal contrast was performed. The CT scan revealed no extravasation of the rectal contrast but showed free air specks behind the descending colon. Delayed renal images of the left ureter were also normal. Based on the clinical findings, the patient was managed non-operatively with nothing per oral, intravenous antibiotics and frequent abdominal assessments. He made an uneventful recovery without necessitating laparotomy.
Long-term effectiveness of the community-based Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) lifestyle intervention: a cohort study
Authors: Kent Lillian , Morton Darren , Hurlow Trevor , Rankin Paul , Hanna Althea , Diehl Hans
Published: November 2013

Objective

To examine the long-term (three or more years) effectiveness of the volunteer-delivered Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) intervention.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Hawera, New Zealand.

Participants

Of the total cohort of 284 individuals who self-selected to complete the CHIP lifestyle intervention between 2007 and 2009, 106 (37% of the original cohort, mean age=64.9±7.4 years, range 42–87 years; 35% males, 65% female) returned in 2012 for a complimentary follow-up health assessment (mean follow-up duration=49.2+10.4 months).

Intervention

30-day lifestyle modification programme (diet, physical activity, substance use and stress management) delivered by volunteers in a community setting.

Main outcome measures

Changes in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG).

Results

After approximately 4 years, participants with elevated biometrics at programme entry maintained significantly lowered BMI (−3.2%; 34.8±5.4 vs 33.7±5.3 kg/m2, p=0.02), DBP (−9.4%; 89.1±4.1 vs 80.8±12.6 mm Hg, p=0.005), TC (−5.5%; 6.1±0.7 vs 5.8±1.0 mmol/L, p=0.04) and TG (−27.5%; 2.4±0.8 vs 1.7±0.7 mmol/L, p=0.002). SBP, HDL, LDL and FPG were not significantly different from baseline. Participants with elevated baseline biometrics who reported being compliant to the lifestyle principles promoted in the intervention (N=71, 67% of follow-up participants) recorded further reductions in BMI (−4.2%; 34.8±4.5 vs 33.4±4.8 kg/m2, p=0.02), DBP (−13.3%; 88.3±3.2 vs 77.1±12.1 mm Hg, p=0.005) and FPG (−10.4%; 7.0±1.5 vs 6.3±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.02).

Conclusions

Individuals who returned for follow-up assessment and entered the CHIP lifestyle intervention with elevated risk factors were able to maintain improvements in most biometrics for more than 3 years. The results suggest that the community-based CHIP lifestyle intervention can be effective in the longer term, even when delivered by volunteers.
Phosphorylated Akt expression is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yip P Y , Cooper W A , Kohonen-Corish M R J , Lin B P C , McCaughan B C , Boyer M J , Kench J G , Horvath L G
Published: November 2013

Aims

To determine the prognostic significance of pAkt expression in order to identify high-risk stage IB patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an exploratory study.

Methods

We identified 471 consecutive patients with stage IB primary NSCLC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer 6th edition tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, who underwent surgical resection between 1990 and 2008. Patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments were excluded. Pathology reports were reviewed, and pathological characteristics were extracted. Expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological factors were analysed against 10-year overall survival using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

455 (96.6%) cancers were adequate for pAkt immunohistochemical analysis. The prevalence of pAkt expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancers was 60.7% and 43.7%, respectively. Patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of cytoplasmic pAkt had a trend towards longer overall survival than those with lower levels (p=0.06). Conversely, patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of nuclear pAkt had a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels of expression (p=0.02). Combined low cytoplasmic/high nuclear expression of pAkt was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR=2.86 (95% CI 1.35 to 6.04); p=0.006) when modelled with age (HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.07); p<0.001), extent of operation (HR=2.11 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.01); p<0.001), visceral pleural invasion (HR=1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.15); p<0.001), gender, tumour size, histopathological type and grade (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Level of expression of pAkt in the cytoplasm and nucleus is an independent prognostic factor that may help to select patients with high-risk disease.
Carbon partitioning in tissues of a gain-of-function mutant (MYB75/PAP1-D) and a loss-of-function mutant (myb75-1) inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fei Houman , Ellis Brian E. , Vessey J. Kevin
Published: November 2013

The role of myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors in regulation of carbon flow among the various products of the phenylpropanoid pathway is still unclear. Carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was studied in a gain-of-function mutant (MYB75/PAP1-D) and a loss-of-function mutant (myb75-1). Determination of anthocyanins and total phenolics levels in leaf, peduncle, and root tissues of these mutants and their wild-type (WT) parental lines was assessed, as well as13C partitioning between “extractives” (predominantly cytoplasm) and “nonextractives” (predominantly cell wall) of these tissues. The amounts of anthocyanins and phenolics in the leaves and peduncles of MYB75/PAP1-D mutant were higher than in its WT line.13C excess in the extractives of leaves and peduncles of the mutant was also higher than that found in the WT line, indicating that the transcription factor MYB75 positively regulated carbon flow to flavonoids biosynthesis in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The myb75-1 mutant had higher distribution of13C in both extractives and nonextractives of leaves and peduncles, especially in nonextractives of the peduncles, and lower levels of anthocyanins compared with its WT. This suggests that the knockout of MYB75 inhibits biosynthesis of anthocyanins and regulates carbon flow from cytoplasm to cell wall components by activating the biosynthesis of monolignols in cytoplasm, which, in turn, are transported and deposited to the secondary cell wall, resulting in secondary cell wall thickening. Patterns of anthocyanin level and13C partitioning in roots were different from that seen in leaves and peduncles, suggesting that regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by MYB75 may be tissue specific.
Evidence for bluegill spawning plasticity obtained by disentangling complex factors related to recruitment
Authors: Kaemingk Mark A. , Stahr Kristopher J. , Jolley Jeffrey C. , Holland Richard S. , Willis David W.
Published: November 2013

Fishes can exhibit many forms of plasticity to maximize fitness. However, limited information exists on the ability of freshwater fish to adjust spawning behavior and characteristics (e.g., timing, duration, magnitude of spawning events) to minimize mortality of recruits and ultimately maximize fitness. We wanted to test the life history hypothesis for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) (i.e., opportunistic strategy) utilizing existing literature and results from our study to further evaluate the potential for spawning plasticity in this species. Our objective was to identify bluegill recruitment bottlenecks (i.e., periods of high mortality) and factors associated with these events in a single lake during 7 consecutive years. Bluegills exhibited shorter spawning durations and fewer spawning pulses (i.e., peaks in larval production) compared with bluegill in previous studies. Late-hatched (compared with early-hatched) bluegills consistently contributed the most to the fall juvenile population; these recruitment patterns were primarily attributed to biotic drivers. Our study suggests that bluegill could exhibit spawning plasticity and extends our current understanding of adaptations that are potentially capable of increasing fitness for a freshwater fish species under a wide range of environmental conditions and uncertainty.
Legume seed exudates and Physcomitrella patens extracts influence swarming behavior in Rhizobium leguminosarum
Authors: Tambalo Dinah D. , Vanderlinde Elizabeth M. , Robinson Shawn , Halmillawewa Anupama , Hynes Michael F. , Yost Christopher K.
Published: November 2013

Plants are known to secrete chemical compounds that can change the behavior of rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria. We investigated the effects of extracts from legume host plants on the swarming behavior of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. We also investigated the effects on swarming when Rhizobium is exposed to extracts from an ancestor to vascular plants, the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. Lentil and faba bean seed exudates enhanced and inhibited swarming motility, respectively, whereas pea seed exudates had no observable effect on swarming. Swarming was also enhanced by the moss extracts. Exposure to lentil seed exudates and the moss extract increased flaA expression 2-fold, while faba bean seed exudates exposure decreased expression 3-fold, suggesting that the swarming effect could, in part, be due to regulation of flagellin gene expression. However, the exudates and extracts did not significantly affect flaA gene expression in planktonic motile cells, indicating that the response to flagellar regulation is specific to a physiology unique to the swarming cell. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that addition of the lentil seed exudate and the moss extract results in earlier differentiation into swarmer cells, which could contribute to the development of a larger swarming surface area. To gain further mechanistic insight into the effect of the moss extract on swarming, a moss strigolactone-deficient mutant (Ppccd8Δ) was tested. A reduction in the promotive effect was observed, suggesting that the plant hormone strigolactone may be a signalling molecule activating swarming motility in R. leguminosarum.
ANTI-SYNCHRONIZATION OF UNIFIED HYPERCHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: LI PI , WANG XING-YUAN , SUN PENG , LUO CHAO , WANG XIU-KUN
Published: November 2013

In this paper, active control and adaptive control methods are applied, respectively. Adaptive control method is implemented when system parameters are unknown and active control method is applied when system parameters are known. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the controllers are designed to realize anti-synchronization, meanwhile, the update laws of parameters are proposed. The theoretical proof is given. And two groups of examples are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
COLLISION DYNAMICS OF X@C60(X = He, Ne, Ar) AT LOW ENERGIES
Authors: ZHAO QIANG , ZHANG FENG-SHOU , ZHOU HONG-YU
Published: November 2013

In this paper, a semi-empirical molecular dynamics model is developed. The central collisions of C 60 + C 60 and X@C 60 + X@C 60 ( X = He , Ne , Ar ) at various incident energy are investigated within this model. The fullerene dimers like a "dumbbell" can be formed by a self-assembly of C 60 fullerene and X@C 60 ( X = He , Ne ) endohedral fullerenes, and the new fullerene structure like "peanut" can be formed by a self-assembly of Ar@C 60. It is found that Ar atom plays a great role in the collision of Ar@C 60 + Ar@C 60 because of its size effect. The energy effect is found that various incident energies cannot change the final structure at low energies if they are below a certain energy.
THE HOMFLY POLYNOMIAL OF CLASSICAL PRETZEL LINKS AND ITS APPLICATION TO CHIRALITY
Authors: GE JUN , JIN XIAN'AN
Published: November 2013

In this paper, an expression for the Homfly polynomial of a classical pretzel link with a fixed orientation was obtained. As an application, we proved that a (p, q, r)-pretzel knot is achiral if and only if {p, q, r} = {2, 1, 1}, {-2, -1, -1}, {2, -1, 3}, {-2, 1, -3}, {1, -1, k}, {1, k, -2 -k} or {-1, -k, 2 + k}, where k is an odd integer.
CAN A NONLOCAL MODEL OF GRAVITY REPRODUCE DARK MATTER EFFECTS IN AGREEMENT WITH MOND?
Authors: ARRAUT IVAN
Published: November 2013

I analyze the possibility of reproducing MONDian dark matter effects by using a nonlocal model of gravity. The model was used before in order to recreate screening effects for the cosmological constant (Λ) value. Although the model in the weak-field approximation (in static coordinates) can reproduce the field equations in agreement with the AQUAL Lagrangian, the solutions are scale dependent and cannot reproduce the same dynamics in agreement with MOND.
LEIBNIZ TRIPLE SYSTEMS
Authors: BREMNER MURRAY R. , SÁNCHEZ-ORTEGA JUANA
Published: November 2013

We define Leibniz triple systems in a functorial manner using the algorithm of Kolesnikov and Pozhidaev which converts identities for algebras into identities for dialgebras; this algorithm is a concrete realization of the white Manin product introduced by Vallette by the permutad Perm introduced by Chapoton. We verify that Leibniz triple systems are natural analogues of Lie triple systems by showing that both the iterated bracket in a Leibniz algebra and the permuted associator in a Jordan dialgebra satisfy the defining identities for Leibniz triple systems. We construct the universal Leibniz envelopes of Leibniz triple systems and prove that every identity satisfied by the iterated bracket in a Leibniz algebra is a consequence of the defining identities for Leibniz triple systems. In the last section, we present some examples of two-dimensional Leibniz triple systems and their universal Leibniz envelopes.
DFT interpretations for cycloadditions of an electron deficient C-aryl-N-phenyl nitrone
Authors: Acharjee Nivedita
Published: November 2013

1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of an electron deficient C-aryl-N-phenyl nitrone to benzylidene derivatives (with different electrophilicities) have been analyzed by density functional theory calculations. The transition states corresponding to the endo and exo approaches along the feasible regioisomeric reaction channels have been located for each cycloaddition. The reactions follow a concerted mechanism with asynchronous transition states. The asynchronicity along the regiochemical reaction modes depends on the β-carbon electrophilicities of the olefins. The regio and stereochemistries predicted from the calculated activation energy barriers (with solvent and higher basis set corrections) of the located transition states are in conformity with the experimental results. The local electrophilicities, softness matching indices and the interaction energies were then calculated to analyze how well these reactivity parameters can interpret the regioselectivities of such reactions. The electronic populations at the reactive sites computed from electrostatic potential-driven atomic charges provided correct and consistent predictions for each theoretical model contrary to the natural orbital based charges.
Self-organized porphyrin arrays on surfaces: the case of hydrophilic side chains and polar surfaces
Authors: Rauch Vivien , Conradt Jonas , Takahashi Mayuko , Kanesato Masatoshi , Wytko Jennifer A. , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Kalt Heinz , Weiss Jean
Published: November 2013

Energy collection in photosynthetic microorganisms occurs through vectorial energy transfer along organized assemblies of chromophores. This process has inspired many research groups and yielded numerous examples of self-assembled photoactive structures. Dye sensitization of solar cells usually requires covalent anchoring of dyes onto the surface of metal oxides. A new porphyrin derivative that self-assembles upon non-covalent interaction with a surface has been designed and characterized by AFM. Interaction with metal oxide surfaces is further documented by the sensitization of metal oxide surfaces and the generation of photocurrent in non-optimized dye sensitized solar cells.
GUEST EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
Authors: BARR JOSEPH R.
Published: November 2013

I will make an argument of who will benefit from this special issue on data science and related topics.
Cross-strike structures controlling magmatism emplacement in a flat-slab setting (Precordillera, Central Andes of Argentina)
Authors: Oriolo S. , Japas M. S. , Cristallini E. O. , Giménez M.
Published: November 2013

Detailed structural, kinematic and geophysical data on the foreland of the Pampean flat-slab segment (Hualilán area, Andean Precordillera of Argentina) have shown that cross-strike structures have had an important role in the evolution of this Andean segment since Miocene times. These structures represent pre-existing crustal fabrics reactivated during the Andean orogeny and could have controlled the emplacement of the Miocene arc-magmatism migrating into foreland due to the flattening of the slab. Likewise, kinematic results obtained for these structures support a similar stress frame to that obtained elsewhere in the Precordillera but showing different motions as a consequence of their high obliquity to the orogen trend. Moreover, they record a reorientation of kinematic axes during Late Miocene–Pliocene times.
Volcanic markers for dating the onset of the Anthropocene
Authors: Smith Victoria C.
Published: November 2013

Volcanic ash is dispersed over thousands of kilometres during large-scale eruptions, forming sedimentary layers. These ash (tephra) deposits are increasingly being used as unique marker layers in a variety of sedimentary archives including ice cores, and terrestrial and marine records. Tephra dispersed during large explosive eruptions that coincide with the defined beginning of the Anthropocene could therefore be used to help identify this event in various archives, and assess the relative spatial differences in marked anthropogenic change. The 1815 eruption of Tambora, Indonesia, was the largest in historical time and occurred in the middle of Europe's Industrial Revolution. Volatile emissions injected into the atmosphere during this eruption caused widespread effects including the ‘year without a summer’ during which there were anomalously cooler temperatures recorded across much of North America and Europe. Sulphate aerosols associated with the eruption were dispersed by stratospheric and tropospheric winds across the entire globe. Deposits of these are clearly recorded in the Earth's key palaeoclimatic records: polar ice cores. Significantly, the Tambora eruption occurred immediately prior to substantial increases in greenhouse gases, a defining feature of the Anthropocene.
A novel RARα/CAR-mediated mechanism for regulation of human organic solute transporter-β gene expression
Authors: Xu Shuhua , Sun An-Qiang , Suchy Frederick J.
Published: November 2013

The organic solute transporter-α/β (OSTα/β) is a heteromeric transporter that is essential for bile acid and sterol disposition and for the enterohepatic circulation. To better understand the mechanism underlying OST gene regulation, the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on OSTα/β gene expression were investigated. The results show a dose-dependent induction of OSTβ but not OSTα expression in both Huh7 and HepG2 cells by RA treatment. A novel functional RA receptor response element (RARE; so-called DR5) in the promoter of OSTβ gene was identified. The interaction of RARα/RXRα with the RARE was verified by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and its functional importance by hOSTβ promoter activation in luciferase reporter assays. The studies demonstrated that the RARE is also a constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) binding site for OSTβ gene regulation. These results suggest that OSTβ is a target of both FXR-mediated (by binding to IR-1 element) and RARα- and CAR-mediated (by binding to DR5 element) gene regulation pathways. In summary, this study has uncovered a novel RARE (DR5) element in the promoter of OSTβ that binds RARα or CAR heterodimerized with RXRα and appears to function synergistically with the IR-1 element to provide maximal induction of OSTβ in response to RA. These findings demonstrate a role for RARα and CAR in controlling OSTβ expression levels.