bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Quantification of “Cancer Stem Cells” in Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders of Head and Neck Region: A Flow-Cytometric Study
Authors: Naik Vathsala , M Venkataswamy Manjunatha , Nagraj Ruthu , GK Ganga , . Gaurav
Published: September 2021

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulation of cells existent in a cancerous mass of cells. These CSCs hijack the properties of stem cells like self-renewal as well as being resistant to any conventional cancer therapies. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the presence of these CSCs by using surface markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH1 among three groups of subjects who were age and gender matched (Normal controls, Oral cancers, Potentially malignant disorders). Methodology: This study was conducted in a sample of 108 subjects who were divided into three groups: Group I- Controls (C), Group II- Oral cancer (OC), Group III- Potentially Malignant Disorders (PMDs). Among them, 40 subjects each were present in Group I & II and 28 subjects were included in group III, and they were respectively diagnosed histopathologically as OC and PMDs. The identification of the sub-population of CSCs by means of above mentioned surface markers was done using Flow cytometry. Results interpretation: Non-parametric tests were applied. Median age limit was 59 years in group II, which was higher than Group I or Group III subjects. p-value was 0.002* which was significant. Group I included 19 females (47.5%) and 21 males (52.5%). In Group II, 18 subjects were females (45%) and 22 were males (55%), and in Group III, 17 subjects were females (60.7%) and 11 were males (39.3%). p-value was 0.409, which was not very significant. In group II, 23 subjects (57.5%) were in clinical stage 2, 11 (27,5%) were in clinical stage 1 and six (15%) were in clinical stage 3. Histopathologically in group II, 15 (37.5%) were in grade I, 20 (50%) were in grade II and five (12.5%) were in grade III. Results of the three groups were compared and correlated regarding the presence of cancer stem cells based on the surface markers CD44, CD133 and ALDH1. Unlike other similar studies, our study showed no statistically significant presence of CD44, ALDH1 positive cells, but only CD133 was slightly significant. Inference: The results of our study showed no statistically significant evidence in identification of the presence of cancer stem cells in the oral cancers as well as potentially malignant disorders based on the presence of surface markers.
Tuberculin reactivity among health care workers at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Koshak E. A. , Tawfeeq R. Z.
Published: September 2021

Tuberculosis is both a nosocomial and an occupational infection. The prevalence of positive tuberculin skin reactions at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, was investigated by testing 298 health care workers. Conventional tuberculin skin testing was performed using 0.1 mL of purified protein derivative injected intracutaneously. After 48-72 hours, induration size was recorded. The prevalence of positive tests [induration > / = 10 mm] was 78.9% overall, 60.0% for Saudi Arabians compared with 81.8% for non-Saudi Arabians [P < 0.01]. The mean response size [8.9 +/- 7 mm] for Saudis was also significantly lower than for non-Saudis [13.9 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001]. To enhance the protection of both health care workers and hospitalized patients, effective preventive measures and annual tuberculin testing of health care workers should be considered
[Metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting on type 2 diabetes]
Authors: Bouguerra R. , Belkadhi A. , Jabrane J. , Hamzaoui J. , Maatki C. , Ben Rayana M. C. , Ben Slama C.
Published: September 2021

Nous avons analysé les effets métaboliques, en particulier les variations du cholestérol HDL, du jeûne du mois de ramadan chez 25 diabétiques de type 2 bien équilibrés traités par le régime ou les antidiabétiques oraux. Nos patients ont été évalués trois semaines avant le ramadan, durant la quatrième semaine du mois de ramadan et trois semaines aprés le mois de ramadan. Cette évaluation a comporté une enquête clinique, une enquête nutritionnelle et des analyses biologiques. Le jeûne du mois de ramadan n’a pas eu d’influence sur le poids, la tension artérielle, la glycémie, la fructosamine et l’hémoglobine A1c. Nous avons trouvé une relation négative entre les variations du cholestérol HDL et la consommation alimentaire de cholestérol. Le cholestérol HDL a augmenté de 13 % à la fin du jeûne et de 23 % trois semaines après la fin du jeûne chez les diabétiques ayant eu une consommation alimentaire de cholestérol inférieure à 400 mg/j
Influence of mothers’ characteristics on their perceptions and use of the growth chart
Authors: Al Nahedh N. , Bamgboye E. A.
Published: September 2021

Although growth charts are recommended for monitoring children, recent reports indicate poor use by mothers. We investigated maternal knowledge and perceptions of growth charts and identified characteristics affecting use. At outpatient paediatric clinics of a Riyadh hospital, 305 mothers with children under age 5 were interviewed by questionnaire during May-June 2001. Overall awareness of growth charts was 35.8% and ever-use was 8.6%. Education, parity and number of living children were significantly associated with knowledge. Among mothers who ever used growth charts [8.7%], only 10% reported doctors recommended changes in health care because of them. Overall, 71% wanted to monitor their child’s growth, but 20% did not know how. Increased health education in all health care delivery systems is needed
Latif Hllamt's Text "The Operate of Wolf Changes" In The Light of Deconstruction Approach
Authors: Abdwlrahman Nahida Hussien
Published: September 2021

Deconstruction is a critical approach which was appeared after Construction approach. Deconstruction is an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. Jacques Derrida is known as the father of Deconstruction.

The title of the study is Latif Hllamt's text "The operate of wolf changes" in the light of Deconstruction approach.

This research is a scientific attempt to analyses a specific part of Latif Hallmat's text in terms of Deconstruction. As long as the text is too long we have taken a part of the text to deal with.

The research contains three sections. The first section is the definition the term of Deconstruction. The second section is about the history and philosophy of Deconstruction. The third section is about the application of the approach. At the end some conclusions and list of references are presented.
The Role of Logic In Construction Judicial Decisions
Authors: Rasul Shakhawan Khdir
Published: September 2021

We also know that the importance of judicial judgments in the consideration that the law is the organization of the relationship between individuals and society, at the social and administrative level, and the rulings because the law is the legal rules and regulates relations in society, by adhering to the rules, it establishes order and achieves stability by establishing a balance between the interests and individuals that are intertwined and conflicting and this is done by identifying the legal positions of each individual, and therefore from this perspective of a philosophical vision consisting of the following proposals, I wonder whether in this type of law can regulate in this type of law Relationships only.
Investigating Peer-Assessment in EFL Classes at University Level
Authors: Rasheed Zainab Hasan , Al Bajalani Fatimah Rashid Hasan
Published: September 2021

Peer assessment (PA) is a kind of evaluation which allows the learners to assess their peers’ work with the instructions of the teachers and agreed upon criteria. The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MHESR) has worked on reforming the higher education system since 2008. It tries to apply the student-centered approach of learning and prepare graduates to be lifelong learners and critical thinkers. One of the alternative methods of assessment in the Student-centered approach is PA. This paper aims to investigate the use of peer assessment in EFL classes at university level. Further, it tries to find out whether peer-assessment is used correctly! Finally, it discovers the challenges encountered by EFL students while implementing PA in the Essay Writing classes. In this study both qualitative and quantitative method are used. The study has conducted in the colleges of Education, Basic Education, and Languages at SUE with the third stage students. The study concludes that peer assessment is used in EFL classes, but it is not used as correct as it should be. The instructors who used it have to illustrate its procedures in the class before using it.
Hyponym As A Phenomenon In The Economy of Language
Authors: Babakr Salih Abdalla
Published: September 2021

This research entitled “Hyponym as a phenomenon in the economy of language” deals with this linguistic term. The economy of language is a process that transcends the limits of all linguistic levels, and semantics is one of those levels in which this economic phenomenon is manifested. Hyponymy is one of the semantic relationships in which the phenomenon of linguistic economy occurs. Since it refers to the condensation of several things in one thing, this term (hyponym) has an active presence in all languages, nevertheless, it has special characteristics in each language.

     The current research implemented the descriptive analytical method, using the Sulaymaniyah dialect as the main source of data. The study comprises an introduction, two sections, results and list of references.

    As for the first section, which came under the title (Hyponym and its Characteristics), it dealt with several issues, including: Definition of the term (Hyponym), its properties, the benefits and disadvantages of Hyponym.

    As for the second section which is entitled (Hyponym - Phenomenon in the Economy of Language), several issues were discussed in it: the phenomenon of economy in language, economy in (hyponym), the role of (hyponym) in daily life, and finally analyzing hyponym examples related to language economy.
Evaluation of the Teaching Performance of Baghdad University and Salahaddin University From The Point of View of Their Department Heads ( Comparative Study )
Authors: Sulayman Shawbo Shamsaldeen , Abdulwahid Thiqa Ali
Published: September 2021

The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the teaching staff of the Baghdad and Salahaddin University-Erbil from the point of view of the heads of their departments in a number of different colleges as a comparative study. The research community was (247) individuals from the heads of departments in the above universities, and a sample size was chosen randomly was(197) unit, and (134) individuals from the department heads at the University of Baghdad, and (63) unit from the department heads at Salahaddin University-Erbil. To achieve the research objectives, a (closed — open) questionnaire was prepared consisting of (49) paragraphs distributed into six specific fields of alternatives. To answer it and one open question in the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified. The data was analyzed using the (weighted mean equation, the percentage weight equation and the chi-square test). The results showed there was no differences between the responses of department heads in evaluating the teaching performance of faculty members in the research sample in two universities. In addition, a number of proposals were presented to develop the performance of faculty members from the point of view of department heads in both universities. The two researchers made a number of recommendations as well, as well as a number of proposals to conduct future research for researchers in this field.
Suitability Of Pshdar Environment To Yielding Rice
Authors: Abdulla Lanja Salah
Published: September 2021

Agriculture Geography is one of the economic Geography branches, agriculture is considered one of the important things that attracted the human attention since their existence which was the cause of the human civilization. Agriculture Geography study the natural phenomena, water, air, soil, and vegetation that cover the earth surface, which is considered as a principle of agriculture production and it may differ from location to another, the agricultural production is a function of the human activities. Knowing the agricultural principles is considered as approve of having human activities within the human geography. This research aims at carrying out an agricultural geography analysis to check the environmental suitability of Pshdar District in producing rice, the investigation has been done in the period 2015 to 2020. The study has been made on the main resource of food that is consumed by the residents of this district.

 

Many maps and tables have been used in this research with the aid of numerous references in order to come up with some recommendations, we have concluded that the study area is rich of human and natural resources which can become a very suitable location for rice production if it is paid some attention.
Crystal structure of a [(dihydrogen pyrophosphato-K2O,O') bis(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')nickel(II)]2.5-hydrate [Ni(H2P2O7)(C12H8N2)2] · 2.5H2O
Authors: Cherni S. , Zid F. , Driss A.
Published: September 2021

Coordination nickel pyrophosphate [Ni(H2P2O7)(C12H8N2)2]×2.5H2O (I) is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1, with cell parameters M = 640.07, a = 10.285(2) Å, b = 10.510(3) Å, c = 12.775(3) Å, α = 88.06(2)°, β = 77.87(2)°, γ = 89.26(2)°, V = 1349.2(5) Å3, Z = 2, R1[I > 2σ(I)] = 0.0438, wR2[I > 2σ(I)] = 0.1244. This compound displays a new structure of ladder-like 2D layers parallel to (010) consisting of [Ni(H2P2O7)(phen)2] entities with the distorted octahedral NiN4O2 coordination geometry arising from two chelating 1,10-phe­nanthroline ligands and diphosphate [H2P2O7] ligand bridged through π⋯π stacking interactions between the neighboring 1,10-phen ligands with interplanar distances of 4.425 Å and 4.525 Å. In the compound, the phen ligands bind in a bidentate fashion to the metal atoms and the ladder-like structure of the compound extends into a three-dimensional supramolecular array via hydrogen bonds (O4—H17…O5) between diphosphate groups, which delimits b axis tunnels where water molecules are located.
Молекулярная структура и свойства комплекса олова(IV) с 1-[(2-гидрокси-1-нафтил) метилен-гидразино]карбонилметил- 7-бром-5-фенил-1,2-дигидро-3H-1,4-бенздиазепин-2-оном
Authors: Яловский Г.В. , Сейфуллина И.И. , Павловский В.И. , Андронати С.А. , Кравцов В.Х.
Published: September 2021

Методом темплатного синтеза взаимодействием 1-гидразинокарбонилметил-7-бром-5-фенил-1,2-дигидро-3H-1,4-бенздиазепин-2-она (гидазепам—HHy) (1) с 2-гидрокси-1-нафтальдегидом (HNf) (2) и тетрахлоридом олова (3) в растворе пропан-2-ола впервые получено координационное соединение олова(IV) с 1-[(2-гидрокси-1-нафтил)мети­ленгидразино]карбонилметил-7-бром-5-фенил-1,2-дигидро-3H-1,4-бенздиазепин-2-оном (H2HyNf) (4) — продуктом конденсации 1 и 2. Состав комплекса [Sn(HHyNf)Cl3] (5) и строение подтверждены набором физико-химических методов анализа. Методом РСА установлена его молекулярная структура. Координационный полиэдр атома олова — октаэдр, сформированный тремя атомами хлора, азометиновым атомом азота и двумя атомами кислорода карбонильной и депротонированной гидрокси-группы лиганда.
Строение новой 8-гидроксихинолиновой лигандной системы с 1,3-трополоновым фрагментом
Authors: Ткачев В.В. , Шилов Г.В. , Алдошин С.М.
Published: September 2021

Исследовано строение двух новых производных 8-гидроксихинолина с 1,3-трополоно­вым фрагментом во втором положении хинолинового кольца как перспективно новой полидентатной системы с расширенными координационными возможностями.
Harbin’s Religious Life: Christians of Evangelical Faith (Pentecostals): 1930s–40s
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Rodionova Kseniia I.
Published: September 2021

The article addresses the activities of the Russian community of Christians of Evangelical Faith (Pentecostals) in Harbin and other stations of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER). It is based on documents from the fonds R–830 "Main Bureau for affairs of Russian emigrants in Manchuria (BREM)" and R–831 "Society for the Unity of the Peoples in the Manchurian Empire ‘Kio-Va-Kai’(1932–45),” stored in the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Krai (GAKhK) and previously unintroduced into scientific use, and also on confessional and emigrant periodicals. The study aims to reconstruct the general picture of religious life of the Russian Pentecostal population of Manchuria. It reflects the growing interest in the history of Protestant churches. According to the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), there are over one thousand Pentecostal religious organizations in Russia; thus, they are the most widespread Protestant denomination in the country. Therefore, the history of the development of the Russian community of Pentecostal Christians is of great scientific interest. The researchers’ interest in Pentecostalism in Harbin is associated with the activities of the prominent preacher Nikolai Ivanovich Poysti. The history of Pentecostal community in Manchuria has not yet become a subject of special research. The work has used classical methods of historical research: historical-genetic, comparative-historical methods, and method of periodization. The study identifies reasons for and factors of the emergence and spreading of the Pentecostal group in Harbin. Various aspects of relationship of the Church of Christians of Evangelical Faith (Pentecostals) with the puppet state of Manchukuo are touched upon. The article presents new conclusions concerning the history of the Pentecostal church. The Pentecostal community in Harbin was the first Russian Pentecostal church in the Far East. Despite its vigorous activities, the Pentecostal church in Harbin was inferior in numbers to many other Protestant denominations due to such reasons as absence of an experienced leader after 1935, cessation of funding in 1941, massive departure of the Russian population throughout the period of its functioning, and its late appearance in the region in comparison with other churches. These factors also led to the schism of the church in 1941, which resulted in the division of both the flock and the clergy.
Forced Migrants from Central Asia in Terms of Archival Documents (1991-2002): A Case Study of the Chelyabinsk Region
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Avdashkin Andrey A.
Published: September 2021

The article draws on the documents from the United State Archive of Chelyabinsk Region and the State Archive of the Russian Federation to examine forced migration from the former Soviet republics to the South Urals in 1991-2002. The choice of chronological framework is due to the fact that this period saw the peak of forced migration caused by the outflow from the military conflicts zones and due to the difficulties of post-socialist transit in the states of Central Asia. The 2002 Population Census allows the author to draw the balance of these processes and to identify the number of the region’s residents who arrived from the former Soviet Union republics between 1989 and 2002. The Chelyabinsk region is a part of the Russian-Kazakh frontier. After the collapse of the USSR and the reformatting of state borders, this borderland was an extended settlement area of the Russian-speaking population, mostly leaning towards moving from Kazakhstan. Due to a sufficiently high level of development, transport accessibility and low start-up opportunities for migrants, these border regions became one of the main places for receiving forced displacements from the Central Asian states, mostly Kazakhstan. In the current historiographical situation, a holistic reconstruction and detailing of these large-scale migrations requires a reliance on new historical sources. Archival documents of regional migration services contain valuable data on the number of forced migrants, their main areas of origin, socio-demographic characteristics, and other important parameters. The documents revealed in the fonds of the OGACHO and the GARF have showed that, at the initial stage, the backbone of migration flows was the Russian-speaking population from neighboring Kazakhstan, able-bodied, with a sufficiently high level of skills. This compensated for demographic losses due catastrophic growth of mortality and decline in birth rate. Thus, according to the migration service of the region, migration compensated for more than half of the total population loss, without any significant impact on its ethnic composition. At the same time, migrants encountered numerous difficulties in integrating into Russian society, which were rarely reflected in the specific documentation of state institutions. Many of the arrived, for various reasons, were not included in the forced migrants and refugees statistics due to numerous bureaucratic difficulties and an objective lack of resources for helping such a large number of people.
N. N. Konshin’s Trading Activities in Persia in the Second Half of the 1880s
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kornoukhova Gadilya G.
Published: September 2021

The article assesses trading activities of the Russian entrepreneur Nikolay Konshin in the late 19th century Persia, which was an important economic partner of the Russian Empire, as the contemporary Islamic Republic of Iran remains for the Russian Federation. Geopolitical turn of Russia from the West to the East makes studying Russia’s trading relations with Eastern states, and Iran in particular, more significant. The novelty of this work is in its addressing not a story of success, but the negative experience of Nikolay Konshin’s foreign trade company founded in 1884 in the capital of Persia, Tehran. The author identifies reasons that led to company’s closure in 1890 and forced Nikolay Konshin to ultimately quit the Persian market. In 1889 he organized an exhibition of Russian industrial products as a measure designed to support the company's trading activities. It was supposed to familiarize the Persian population with the range of Russian light industry products, previously unknown at the Persian market, and to secure orders from local merchants for Nikolay Konshin's firm. However, the expectations failed to materialize and the company did not receive the necessary impetus for its development. The author identifies causes of the exhibition’s failure, assesses Nikolay Konshin’s efforts in exploring opportunities of the Tehran market development, and clarifies their significance for the development of the Russian trade in Persia. The study is based on the documents stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire; namely, Nikolay Konshin’s petition to the Minister of Finance Ivan Vyshnegradsky and a number of consular reports addressed to the head of the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ivan Zinoviev. They offer explanations for failure of both Nikolay Konshin’s company and his exhibition. The analysis of entrepreneurial activities of a particular Russian company has made it possible to identify general features and characteristic peculiarities of the Persian market. The factors that hindered the advance of Russian trade in Tehran under tough European competition are also identified. Despite the failure of Nikolay Konshin's trade business, Russian entrepreneurs highly appreciated his activities in establishment of the Russian economic presence in Persia. The author concurs with such appraisal; Nikolay Konshin was instrumental in laying the groundwork for future penetration of the Russian trade capital onto the Tehran market, which had hitherto remained terra incognita for the Russian business community.
Social and Economic Development of the Suchan Coal Mine in the 1920s in the Documents from the State Archive of Khabarovsk Krai
Authors:   Far Eastern State University of Railways, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Platonova Nonna M. , Sinichenko Vladimir V. ,   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The study addresses the socio-economic development of the Suchan coal mine, the oldest coal-mining enterprise in the Russian Far East; it draws on archival sources in order to highlight the pages of history of the coal industry in the region. Taking into account the results of their predecessors’ work, the authors study the characteristic features of the coal industry development in the Far East under the conditions of the New Economic Policy of the Soviet state. There was a lack of diversified assistance from the Center, while the attention of the party elite to the resources of extractive industries increased: these were traditionally redirected for the needs of the Western regions or exported. The novelty consists in a comprehensive study of the development of the Suchan mine in the 1920s in the context of political and socio-economic situation in the country and the region. The study shows the role of central and local authorities at the stage of reconstruction of the coal industry, the participation of trade union organizations in the formation of labor collectives in the Suchan. It considers the mechanism of regulation of ‘collective agreement relations, the participants of which were the miner trade union and the Suchan mines. Analysis of the socio-economic development of the coal mining enterprise in the era of transformation contributes to formation of ideas about the material and living condition of the miners. The causes of unstable social situation in the Suchan mines are revealed in the context of social policy of the Soviet state. There were problems with wages and unsettled system of coal mining prices, which repeatedly became a cause for conflict between the coal hewers and the administration, attempting to avoid strikes. The social image of the Suchan workers has been reconstructed: they were mostly from rural areas and kept a close connection with the village. The unsolved housing problem had an impact on the miners’ way of life. It is concluded that with completion of the restoration of the industrial sector of the Soviet Far East economy, the model of state patronage over the region had been established; alongside with military and strategic tasks, it focused on the coal industry. However, the complex of social and household problems of the Suchan miners remained unsolved.
Hunting of the Northern Selkups in the 1920s – early 1960s: A Review of the Manuscript by E. D. Prokofieva
Authors:   Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Stepanova Olga B.
Published: September 2021

The article is to study the hunting of the Northern Selkups in the era of active socialist transformation of the Selkup economy (1920s – early 1960s). So far, none of the scientific publications have considered this topic in detail, assessing its scientific significance and novelty. The scientific significance is emphasized by the new round of industrialization of polar latitudes, which necessitates taking into account the survival experience of the ingenious northerners in their extreme climate. The research tasks include consideration of the manuscript of the ethnographer and scholar of Siberia E. D. Prokofieva “Hunting of the Taz-Turukhan Selkups,” kept in the Archive of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was written on the basis of data collected by E. D. Prokofieva during her expeditions to the northern Selkups in 1925–28 and in 1962. The study of E. D. Prokofieva’s manuscript has been carried out using comparative historical method, methods of analysis and description. The research has resulted in the following conclusions: At the time of the socialist reforms of the Selkup economy, the Selkups still used their traditional means and methods of hunting. The Soviet transformations in the sphere of hunting — the positive ones — include a new procedure for accepting furs from the hunters, which spared them the arbitrariness of private buyers; study of the region’s natural resources and measures for preserving and restoring the number of head. Collectivization, settled lifestyle of hunters in the kolkhozes farmsteads necessary for their work in the new sectors of economy, and elimination of the interval between the hunters’ trips to distant hunting lands allow no unambiguous assessments. These transformations resulted in a drop iof productivity indicators of the Selkup hunting and in violation of the original hunting regulations, thus launching the process of degradation of the Selkup hunting tradition. Soviet reformers were unable to solve some of the oldest problems of hunting, such as lack of transport reindeer, etc. The region administration and the kolkhozes heads had a plan to bring the hunting industry to the forefront, but by 1960 it had not even begun to be implemented. E. D. Prokofieva’s manuscript fills in the gaps in the characterization of some elements and phenomena of the Selkup culture and introduces into scientific use a new valuable source on the history and ethnography of the peoples of Siberia.
Arabic Script Monuments of the Fedorovka District of the Republic of Bashkortostan: The 15th – 19th Centuries
Authors:   Institute of History, Language, and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation, Salikhov Akhat G.
Published: September 2021

Archaeographic research makes it possible to expand the source base of scientific research, to introduce into scientific use new materials on the history in general and on the history of written language and literature. The article is to study the Oriental written monuments of the Fedorovka district of the Republic of Bashkortostan stored in the manuscript fond of the Institute of History, Language, and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research has used the major methods of historical research: comparative/historical, systemic, and historical/typological. Monographic studies, catalogues of manuscript collections, manuscripts and early printed editions from the fonds of manuscripts and rare editions of the city of Ufa have been drawn for comparative analysis, establishing of names, identifying distinctive features, identification of the place and role of handwritten manuscripts. The article presents some of the more valuable Arabic script monuments written in Arabic and Turkic languages. It reviews literary, religious works, historical documents, texts of business and mundane nature. The chronological frameworks cover the 19th – first half of the 20th century. Many documents were used as teaching aids in the pre-revolutionary Muslim educational institutions. Of most interest are materials collected by M. Sultangulov from the village of Stary Chetyrman. Among them there are manuscripts containing poems: Sufi Allayar’s (died in 1723) Sabat al-Gajizin and Muhammad Chelebi’s (died in 1451) Muhammadiya, both rewritten in the first half of the 19th century. The handwritten curriculum for 1911 for studying in the madrasah in the town of Orsk in the Orenburg gubernia reveals the peculiarities of the Muslim education system in the region. Arabic script documents of the period of struggle against religion reveal the nature of relations between the believers and state agencies. Also, manuscripts of poems by Bashkir poets of the 19th century have been identified and studied: Khibatullah Salikhov (1794–1867), Shamsetdin Zaki (1822–65), Miftakhetdin Akmullah (1831–95). Thus, the article has examined handwritten Arabic script documents that are valuable for researchers of history, language, and literature. The revealed materials permit to present the studied region as one of cultural centers of Bashkortostan, where the works of famous Oriental authors, as well as local writers and poets, existed. They demonstrate that in Bashkortostan, despite the repeated change of alphabets in the first half of the 20th century, Arabic script written monuments continued to be used and stored. The identified and attributed documents can be used as sources for scientific research.
The Source Base for Genealogical Study of Service Class Families of the 17th Century
Authors:   Orenburg Branch of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Orenbur, Russian Federation, Astafiev Dmitry A. , Godovova Elena V. ,   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes main sources for genealogical study of service families of the 17th century. The subject of the study is sources on history and genealogy of service class families in the 17th century, revealed in specific study of O(A)stafievs, boyar scions of the Chernavsk uezd. The relevance of the study is determined by lack of scientific publications containing analysis of sources on the genealogy of service class people in Russia (and particularly, in “territory of the southern borderland”) of the time. It should be noted that genealogical aspects of formation of the military-service corporation of the Chernavsk uezd is virtually absent in scholarship. Relying on documentary, analytical, systemic, chronological, and biographical methods, the authors have examined unpublished archival sources from the fonds of the Order-in-charge (Razryadny) and Domestic (Pomestny) Prikazes from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. These are desyatni (books on armament capability, allocation, distribution of allowance), annual budget books, krestoprivodnye knigi (pledge of allegiance books), pistsovye knigi (owner land descriptions), otkaznye knigi (land grants books), petitions, revisions of service class people, etc. Working with these historical sources has allowed the authors to carry out a comprehensive genealogical study and to systematize data on life, family ties, specifics of military service of the service class families representatives in the southern borderlands in the 17th century, in particular, O(A)stafievs, boyar scions of the Chernavsk uezd. As a result of the study, many documents have been introduced into scientific use. The historical and genealogical research carried out by the authors has now been brought up to the 1640s. It has been established that boyar scions Astafyevs were among the first settlers in the uezd who received estates for service from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov in the mid-17th century. One of unresolved issues in the study is the question of the Astafievs' “exodus” to Chernavsk, in other words, identification of their former place of residence. Service class people moved to different uezds for various reasons (lack of land, the development of new territories, military conflicts, etc.) thus expanding their familial geography. This fact indicates that in the course of studying genealogy of service class families, certain problems may arise associated with absence or fragmentation of sources for individual uezds and difficulties in determining the family ties, especially in the early 17th century.
Küresel ekonomi piyasalarında sıkça kullanılan bazı terimlere Türkçe karşılıklar II
Authors: ERİŞ Emrah , BULAK Şahap
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde en hızlı küreselleşen alanlardan biri olan ekonomi sayesinde hayatımıza her gün yeni kelime, terimlerin karşıladığı birtakım kavramlar girmektedir. Bu kavramları karşılayan kelime ve terimler başta çeviri yoluyla dilimize girmekte, daha sonra yaygınlaşıp kendilerine algı oluşturarak dile yerleşmektedirler. Söz konusu alıntı kelime ve terimlerin toplumun geneli tarafından anlaşılması, öğrenilmesi öğretilmesi için bunların ifade ettiği anlamı karşılayan Türkçe kelime ve terimlerle ifade edilmesi gerekir. Bu da dilimize yeni girmiş ve henüz yaygınlaşmamış kelime ve terimlere uygun Türkçe karşılıklar bulup bunların kullanımlarını yaygınlaştırmakla mümkündür. Bunun için diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi en hızlı küreselleşen alanlardan biri olan ekonomi alanında da küresel piyasalarda sıklıkla kullanılan ve dilimizde yeni yeni kullanılmaya başlanan kelime ve terimlere uygun Türkçe karşılıklar bulunmalıdır. Bu çalışmada küresel piyasalarda sıkça kullanılan ve Türkçede henüz yeni görülmeye başlanan bazı terimlere Türkçe karşılıklar önerilmiştir. Bu karşılıklar önerilirken öncelikle alıntı terimlerin kökenleri, varsa ait oldukları dillerde tarihi gelişim ve değişim sürecinde geçirdikleri fonetik ve morfolojik değişikler açıklanmış ve taşıdığı anlamlar verilmiştir. Daha sonra söz konusu terimlerin oluşumunda etkili olan etkenler üzerinde durulmuş ve çalışmaya konu olan terimlerin çoğunun oluşumunda metaforlardan yararlanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu metaforların söz konusu terimlerin ait olduğu Batı kültüründe ve Türk kültüründe ifade ettiği anlamlar verilerek benzer ve farklı yönleri irdelenmiştir. Benzer anlam taşıyan metaforlar terimlere karşılık önerilirken genellikle göz önünde bulundurulmuş, farklı anlam taşıyan metaforlar yardımıyla oluşturulan terimlere karşılık verilirken daha çok kaynak terimin ifade etiği anlam esas alınmıştır. Böylece bir yandan küresel ekonomi piyasalarında sıkça kullanılan ve dilimizde henüz yeni yeni kullanılmaya başlanan bazı terimlere Türkçe karşılıklar önerilirken diğer yandan ülkemizde hemen her alanda görülen ve gittikçe bir istilaya dönüşen terimlerde yabancılaşmaya dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmıştır.
İNSANİ GELİŞME GÖSTERGELERİ BAKIMINDAN ULUSLARARASI EKONOMİK İŞ BİRLİĞİ VE KALKINMA TEŞKİLATI ÜYE ÜLKELERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: KOŞAR TAŞ Çiğdem
Published: September 2021

Kalkınma, oldukça geniş bir kavram olmakla birlikte önceleri genellikle iktisadi yönden ele alınmakta idi. Ancak zaman içinde kalkınma, ekonomik büyümenin yanı sıra insanların iyi bir yaşam sürmeleri ile de ilişkilendirilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak refah düzeyinin ve yaşam kalitesinin ölçülmesi için çeşitli endeksler ortaya konmuştur. İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (İGE) de bunlardan biridir. Bu nedenle çalışmada kalkınma kavramının incelenmesi için iyi bir yaşamın ölçülmesini de ele alan İGE kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan İGE, doğuşta yaşam beklentisi, beklenen okullaşma yılı, ortalama okullaşma yılı ve Kişi Başına Gayri Safi Milli Gelir (GSMG) göstergelerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı İGE’ye ait dört göstergeye göre OECD ülkelerini ortaya koydukları benzerlikler doğrultusunda sınıflandırmaktır. Analizde İGE göstergelerine göre ülkelerin sınıflandırılmasında ve hangi göstergelerin sınıflandırmada daha önemli olduğunun tespit edilmesinde kümeleme analizi ve diskriminant analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan kümeleme analizi sonucunda ülkelerin İGE’ye göre dört kümeye ayrılmasına karar verilmiştir. Diskriminant analizinden elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde İGE’ye ait tüm göstergelerin ülkelerin kümelere ayrılmasında önemli ve ayırt edici değişkenler olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca kümeleme analizi sonucu elde edilen kümelerde yer alan 36 OECD ülkesinin tamamının İGE göstergelerine göre doğru sınıflandırıldığı söylenebilmektedir.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INFLATION IN OECD COUNTRIES
Authors: KORKMAZ Suna , GÜVENOĞLU Hüseyin
Published: September 2021

Governments will want to achieve their highest priority goal according to their economic circumstances. Governments use many tools to achieve these goals. Economic growth and price stability are among the main objectives which fall within the scope of governments. One of the most important tools that governments will deploy to achieve these goals government expenditures, which is a fiscal policy tool. In this study, the relationship between government expenditures, economic growth and inflation in 9 randomly selected OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, UK, Portugal, Hungary, Spain, Finland and Poland) was analyzed by panel causality method using annual data for the period 2010-2019. As a result of the analysis, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between economic growth and inflation in the period analyzed. It was also found that there was a unidirectional causality relationship from inflation to government expenditures and from government expenditures to economic growth.
La reactivación turística post covid-19 de las áreas naturales protegidas y su incidencia en la mejora de la experiencia de los turistas en el Ecuador
Authors: Herrera Anangonó Roberto Carlos , Delgado Campuzano Diana Valeria , Moreira Espinoza Juan Alexander , Toala Tuarez Patricio Javier
Published: September 2021

En el Ecuador existen 61 áreas protegidas que corresponden al 20,35 % del territorio nacional. La investigación tiene como objetivos definir la caracterización turística, establecer el perfil del turista en torno a las motivaciones y preferencias de infraestructura y seguridad post covid-19 para mejorar la experiencia de los turistas en los espacios naturales. Los turistas de 19 a 35 años llegan a las áreas naturales en familia, motivados por atractivos naturales (95 %). Para mejorar la visita se han establecido algunas estrategias a partir de la percepción y motivaciones que éstos tienen. La información la gestionan por redes sociales (85 %), para acceder a servicios de alimentación y alojamiento. Prefieren actividades como turismo de naturaleza y ecoturismo (78 %), con facilidades como senderos, ciclovías y baterías sanitarias, así como medidas de bioseguridad con la disponibilidad de dispensadores, desinfectantes e insumos de higiene personal (73 %) y la presencia de personal de primeros auxilios. Adoptando estrategias de seguridad y bioseguridad se mejora la expectativa y la experiencia en las áreas protegidas en el Ecuador.
Da “Rerum Novarum” (1891) à “Centesimus Annus” (1991): 100 anos de evolução da Doutrina Social da Igreja
Authors: Matos Henrique Cristiano José
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo quer oferecer alguns subsídios para situar a evolução do ensinamento social da Igreja no tempo e no espaço. Seu enfoque é, portanto, de ordem histórica. O texto se divide em três blocos de atenção: 1) Os protagonistas da ação social católica na segunda metade do século XIX que, em certo sentido, criaram o clima favorável para um pronunciamento pontifício oficial sobre “a questão social”, em 1891; abordam-se também neste primeiro bloco os preparativos imediatos da Encíclica “Rerum Novarum” e expõe-se o conteúdo essencial do documento. 2) O itinerário da Doutrina Social da Igreja, mediante uma apresentação sucinta dos principais documentos eclesiásticos, mormente as Encíclicas sociais. 3) Uma breve análise da Encíclica “Centesimus Annus”, de João Paulo II, por ocasião do centenário do documento leonino “sobre a condição dos operários”.

O estudo detém-se dentro de parâmetros históricos, o que justifica seu alcance e também os inegáveis limites. Sobretudo em relação aos documentos mais recentes abstivemo-nos de uma crítica avaliativa. Ao historiador — ao que nos parece — não cabe um juízo sobre fatos que, pela proximidade de tempo, não per¬mitem a necessária distância para apreciá-los mais objetivamente.
Etíope Resgatado
Authors: Suess Paulo
Published: September 2021

As Conclusões de Puebla, de 1979, mencionam a escravidão na seguinte nota de rodapé: “O problema dos escravos africanos não mereceu, infelizmente, a devida atenção evangelizadora e libertadora da Igreja” (n. 8). Em tão poucas palavras, evidentemente, a Igreja não faz justiça a mais de trezentos anos de escravidão. Por ocasião do centenário da abolição da escravatura, em 1988, a Campanha da Fraternidade foi realizada sob o lema “Ouvi o clamor deste povo”. Na avaliação da Campanha, sentiu-se a plena validade da nota de rodapé de Puebla. Em muitas regiões eclesiásticas a causa dos afro-americanos ainda é secamente assumida e divide os espíritos. A falta de memória histórica produz legitimações simplistas. Para o resgate desta memória, o estudo das fontes tem uma importância primordial. Uma destas fontes sobre a escravidão é ETÍOPE RESGATADO, escrita na Bahia pelo sacerdote e advogado português Manoel Ribeiro Rocha e publicada em 1758, em Lisboa.
Analysis of the Multiraters Agreement with Log-Linear Models
Authors: ALTUN Gokcen
Published: September 2021

In this study, 87 digital panoramic images are classified by the three raters to assess the accuracy of diagnosis of peri-implant bone defects. The coefficient of kappa is obtained as 0.81 among the three raters, which indicates an almost perfect agreement. Then, the log-linear agreement models are applied to the data. The best model is determined based on the model selection criteria. Using the best model, we estimate the agreement parameter. It is 33 times higher for three raters to make the same decision than to make a different decision. The results show that the coefficients of the agreement only show the value of the fit between raters. On the other hand, agreement models provide a model equation for the raters, and more detailed and consistent results can be obtained by calculating the agreement and association parameters.
Biomarkers of heart and vascular lesions in the framework of mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease, correction possibilities
Authors: Milovanova L. Yu. , Beketov V. D. , Milovanova S. Yu. , Taranova M. V. , Filippova A. A. , Pasechnik A. I.
Published: September 2021

Сardiovascular disease (СVD) is the most common complication of chronic kidney disease (СKD). In patients with the earlier stages of CKD, the risk of death from CVD greatly exceeds the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. In recent years, accumulated data suggest that chronic kidney disease — mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are strongly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Among cardiovascular damage in CKD, both, the progressive cardiac remodeling and vascular calcifi cation, contribute immensely, and lead to an urgently high cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Clarifi cation of CKD progression mechanisms and possible early markers of CVD has led to interest in studying the identifi ed factors such as fi broblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho and sclerostin in recent years. Results of studies show that disorders in the system of FGF-23–Klotho–sclerostin correlate with the frequency and severity of hypertension, cardiac remodeling, vascular calcifi cation, anaemia, malnutrition, infl ammation, and strongly aggravate cardiovascular risk in CKD. This review represents an analysis of the available data showing the potential association of СVD with established (phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Vitamin D) and newer (FGF-23, Klotho, sclerostin) СKD-MBD biomarkers. In addition, it has been shown that renoprotective therapy, including renin-angiotensin blockers, low-protein diet with amino/keto acid supplementation, phosphate binders, erythropoiesis stimulators, vitamin D metabolites used to reach the target levels of blood pressure, serum phosphorus, haemoglobin, PTH and nutritional status disorders, can aff ect CKD-MBD biomarkers and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in CKD patients.