bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sculptured Monument in Aberbrothoc Abbey
Authors: Laing Henry
Published: February 2019

A description of the front of a table tomb found under a pile of rubbish in the chancel of Abroath Abbey by Henry Laing. It was thought to be a fragment as only four of an estimated seven carved figures remained, and Laing called it's style very fine, if not elaborate. From arms carved into the design, Laing deduces that the Abbot to whom the tomb was dedicated was Walter Paniter, to whom the building of the chapter house of the Abbey is ascribed. Laing also describes a ruined fragment of a figure that he surmises would have been the lid of the tomb, and the report says that an R.C. Bell made an engraving to show what it might have looked like.

 

Meetings minutes for December 8, 1851 are appended.
'Why is the Mainland of Orkney called Pomona?'
Authors: Munch Peter Andreas , Laing David
Published: February 2019

A note from Professor Peter Andreas Munch, an Honorary Member of the Society, that was read out loud at the meeting on December 8, 1851. It describes the Professor's investigations into how the mainland of Orkney came to be called Pomona by George Buchanan when it's name in Old Norse was Hrossey. He traces the misnomer back to a line in Solinus. Professor Munch is challenged by another fellow, who believes Solinus is describing Zetland rather than the mainland of Orkney. Munch accepts the criticisms, but holds that his view gives the best solution considering all the facts.
Bronze Vessels discovered in the Loch of Leys
Authors: Burnett James Horn
Published: February 2019

J.H. Burnett communicated the discovery of several objects found submerged in the Loch of Leys when it was drained. They had also found an artifical island that had once had a great building upon it, which local legends suggested was once a castle. As the excavation continued, they uncovered cooking vessels, especially kettles, two of which Sir Alexander Burnett presented to the Society. It is remarked that the vessels are very like those pictured in medieval manuscripts.
Bronze Matrix with Hebrew Inscription
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: February 2019

Dr. Daniel Wilson presented the matrix of a round seal, whose inscription bore striking resemblances to those displayed in the engravings of a vol of the Gentlemen's Magazine from June 1787. The figure is a turbaned head, and the words in Hebrew letters. Dr. Wilson then relayed the opinions of several scholars on the reading of the inscription. Beyond the mention of a Solomon son of Isaac, the experts can find few specifics to agree on.
Scottish Ogham Inscriptions
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: February 2019

The secretary exhibited lithographs of sculptured standing stones with especial attention paid to the stone at Golspie, which had an Ogham inscription around its margin. He drew comparisons to the inscription on the Newton Stone, which was then revealed to be of even greater interest because it appeared to be a bilingual transcription.

 

What follows is a summary of the activities at the Conversazione held on Feb. 26, 1852.
Antique Silver Filagree-Case and Scissors
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: February 2019

Dr. John Alexander Smith exhibited an antique silver filagree-case and the scissors it held. They were given him to exhibit by a Dr. Stark who also included a note which indicated that these were meant to have belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. Dr. Stark shared the story of its provenance as it was known to him. Dr. Smith concludes that although Mary Queen of Scots' ownership of the scissors and case could not be corroborated on the strength of the evidence, the workmanship certainly placed it within the right era.
Notices of the History and Architectural Features of the ancient Church of St Cuthbert at Coldingham
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: February 2019

Dr. Daniel Wilson, with the aid of the architect P. Hamilton, whose drawings and plans of Coldingham Church were used to illustrate Dr. Wilson's points, discursed on the subject of Coldingham Priory's architectural features. Several details suggested to Dr. Wilson that the building could be considered an extremely early example of the First Pointed style of Gothic architecture. By comparison with several other Scottish churches of the same period, he showed clearly that evidence of the church's association with Durham could be found even in its architectural features.

Meetings minutes for June 14, 1852 are appended.
On various monuments in India, corresponding to the cromlechs and standing stones of the north of Europe
Authors: Yule Henry , Thomson Alexander , Taylor Meadows
Published: February 2019

Lieutenant Henry Yule of the Bengal Engineers sent in his own observations on standing stone monuments in the Meghalaya region of India and surrounding environs, which he described as the hill country east of Bengal. Alexander Thomson of Banchory, Esq., sent in correspondence from Captain Meadows Taylor which noted similar monuments in the Deccan plateau. Captain Taylor included his correspondence with a missionary in the German Mission, who had got word of more such monuments in the neighborhood of Mysore. Rev. Keis recommended the study of these monuments with a view to tracing the movements of the practice around India, and possible connections with Europe.
Woven Tunics found in Shetland
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: February 2019

Dr. John Alexander Smith communicated an account of a discovery of two woven tunics alongside two skeletons, all of which had been buried in a bog on top of a hill called Nosewick, on the mainland of Shetland. Dr. Bell who had been present at the discovery exhibited the tunics and presented them to the Society. Some of the bones which had been wrapped in the tunics were stained a deep brown by the moss, which seemed to have preserved them. It was resolved at the meeting that portions of the tunic would be sent off to Herr Rafn of Copenhagen to compare it with discoveries made in Denmark.
Stable Na Plating and Stripping Electrochemistry Promoted by In Situ Construction of an Alloy‐Based Sodiophilic Interphase
Authors: Tang Shuai , Zhang Yi‐Yang , Zhang Xia‐Guang , Li Jun‐Tao , Wang Xue‐Yin , Yan Jia‐Wei , Wu De‐Yin , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Dong Quan‐Feng , Mao Bing‐Wei
Published: February 2019

Sodium metal anodes are poor due to the reversibility of Na plating/stripping, which hinders their practical applications. A strategy to form a sodiophilic Au–Na alloy interphase on a Cu current collector, involving a sputtered Au thin layer, is shown to enable efficient Na plating/stripping for a certain period of time. Herein, electrochemical behaviors of Na plating on different substrates are explored, and it is revealed that the sodiophilic interphase can be achieved universally by in situ formation of M–Na (M = Au, Sn, and Sb) alloys during Na plating prior to Na bulk deposition in the initial cycle. Moreover, it is found that repetitive alloying–dealloying leads to falling‐off of thin film sodiophilic materials and thus limits the lifespan of efficient Na cycling. Therefore, an approach is further developed by employing particles of sodiophilic materials combined with the control over the cutoff potential, which significantly improves the stability of Na plating/stripping process. Especially, the low‐cost Cu@Sn‐NPs and Cu@Sb‐MPs composite current collectors allow Na plating and stripping to cycle for 2000 and 1700 times with the average efficiency of 99.9% at 2 mA cm−2.
Field and Current Control of the Electrical Conductivity of an Artificial 2D Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Chen Yiyao , Summers Brock , Dahal Ashutosh , Lauter Valeria , Vignale Giovanni , Singh Deepak K.
Published: February 2019

The conductivity of a neodymium‐based artificial honeycomb lattice undergoes dramatic changes upon application of magnetic fields and currents. These changes are attributed to a redistribution of magnetic charges that are formed at the vertices of the honeycomb due to the nonvanishing net flux of magnetization from adjacent magnetic elements. It is suggested that the application of a large magnetic field or a current causes a transition from a disordered state, in which magnetic charges are distributed at random, to an ordered state, in which they are regularly arranged on the sites of two interpenetrating triangular Wigner crystals. The field and current tuning of electrical properties are highly desirable functionalities for spintronics applications. Consequently, a new spintronics research platform can be envisaged using artificial magnetic honeycomb lattices.
Kirigami‐Enabled, Passive Resonant Sensors for Wireless Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Charkhabi Sadaf , Chan Yee Jher , Hwang Doh‐Gyu , Frey Sean T. , Bartlett Michael D. , Reuel Nigel F.
Published: February 2019

A passive resonant sensor with kirigami patterning is presented to wirelessly report material deformation in closed systems. The sensors are fabricated from copper‐coated polyimide by etching a conductive Archimedean spiral and then laser cutting kirigami patterns. The sensor response is defined as the resonant frequency in the transmission scattering parameter signal (S21), which is captured via a benchtop vector network analyzer. The sensors are tested over a 0–22 cm range of extension and show a significant shift in resonant frequency (e.g., 90 MHz shift for 10 cm stretch). Furthermore, the effect of resonator coil pitch on the extension sensor gain (MHz cm−1) and linear span of the sensor is studied. The repeatability of the sensor gain is confirmed by performing hysteresis cycles. The sensors is coated with polydimethylsiloxane films to protect from electrical shorting in aqueous environments. The coated resonators are placed in a pipe to report flow rates. The sensor with 1 mm coating is found to have the largest gain (0.17 MHz⋅s mL−1) and linear span (10–100 mL s−1). Thus, flexible resonant sensors with kirigami‐inspired patterns can be tuned via geometric and coating considerations to wirelessly report a large range of extension lengths for potential uses in health monitoring, motion tracking, deformation detection, and soft robotics.
Heterogeneous Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling between Aryl Chlorides and Alkyllithiums Using a Polystyrene‐Cross‐Linking Bisphosphine Ligand
Authors: Yamazaki Yuki , Arima Nozomi , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya
Published: February 2019

A polystyrene‐cross‐linking bisphosphine ligand PS‐DPPBz was used for Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with organolithiums. A bench‐stable precatalyst [NiCl2(PS‐DPPBz)] enabled efficient coupling reactions between aryl chlorides and alkyllithiums. The heterogeneous Ni system showed good reusability.

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Unusual Fermi‐Level Pinning and Ohmic Contact at Monolayer Bi2O2Se–Metal Interface
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Xu Lianqiang , Pan Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Li Jingzhen , Zhang Xiuying , Xu Lin , Pang Hua , Yan Jiahuan , Shi Bowen , Sun Xiaotian , Zhang Han , Xu Linqiang , Yang Jinbo , Zhang Zhiyong , Pan Feng , Lu Jing
Published: February 2019

Very recently, high‐mobility and air‐stable 2D semiconductor Bi2O2Se has been discovered and believed to be a promising channel candidate for the next‐generation field‐effect transistor (FET). High‐performance few‐layer Bi2O2Se FETs have been realized due to the existence of ohmic contact between few‐layer Bi2O2Se and the metal electrodes. However, monolayer (ML) Bi2O2Se FET exhibits poor device performance owing to lack of good contact between ML Bi2O2Se and the metal electrode. This work simulates the ML Bi2O2Se Schottky barrier field‐effect transistors with a sequence of common electrodes (Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Sc, and Ti) for the first time by using ab initio quantum transport simulations. For Ag, Au, and Pd electrodes, a lateral n‐type Schottky contact is formed with similar Schottky barrier heights of 0.43–0.52 eV due to a strong usual Fermi‐level pinning (FLP) to the band gap of ML Bi2O2Se. Remarkably, Pt, Sc, and Ti electrodes lead to a desirable lateral n‐type ohmic contact because of an unusual FLP above the ML Bi2O2Se conduction band as a result of electrode work function modification at the interface. Therefore, high performance is anticipated for ML Bi2O2Se devices with these low‐resistance ohmic contacts.
Growth and growth hormone in Turner syndrome: Looking back, looking ahead
Authors: Los Evan , Rosenfeld Ron G.
Published: February 2019

Short stature is the most ubiquitous feature of Turner syndrome (TS). Today, many girls with TS are treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH) to accelerate growth in childhood and to improve adult height. Here, we will review the history of our understanding of growth in TS, reflect on the path of clinical trials ultimately leading to regulatory approval for clinical use of GH, discuss factors associated with growth outcomes and survey the current unanswered questions about growth and GH in TS.
Detection of insect prey by wild common marmosets: The effect of color vision
Authors: Abreu Filipa , Souto Antonio , Bonci Daniela M. O. , Mantovani Viviani , Pessoa Daniel M. A. , Schiel Nicola
Published: February 2019

Most species of New World primates have an unusual color vision pattern that can affect an individual's ability to detect food. Whereas males can only be dichromatic, females can be either dichromatic or trichromatic. Trichromats are expected to have an advantage in detecting conspicuous food whereas dichromats should be better at locating cryptic resources. Here we aimed to understand how color vision phenotype influences insect foraging by five groups of common marmosets living in a semiarid environment. We recorded insect predation events, noting morphotype and color of the captured insect, and the substrate from which it was captured. Color modeling suggested that, for all values of chromatic contrast resulting from comparing the measured insect–substrate pairs, trichromats outperformed dichromats. Females showed an overall higher insect capture rate than males. Females also showed a higher capture rate of conspicuous insects but there was no sex difference for the capture of cryptic insects. When we compared only dichromatic individuals there was no difference between sexes. These findings suggest that differences found in capture rate related not only to sex but also to visual polymorphism and that the latter is a crucial factor determining insect capture rate in common marmosets. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number (three) of dichromat females and the unknown phenotype of the remaining females. Our results support the balancing selection hypothesis, suggesting that the advantage of one phenotype over the other may depend on environmental circumstances. This hypothesis has recently been considered as the most plausible for the maintenance of visual polymorphism in New World primates.
2D Nanosheets and Their Composite Membranes for Water, Gas, and Ion Separation
Authors: Kim Seungju , Wang Huanting , Lee Young Moo
Published: February 2019

Two‐dimensional nanosheets have shown great potential for separation applications because of their exceptional molecular transport properties. Nanosheet materials such as graphene oxides, metal–organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks display unique, precise, and fast molecular transport through nanopores and/or nanochannels. However, the dimensional instability of nanosheets in harsh environments diminishes the membrane performance and hinders their long‐term operation in various applications such as gas separation, water desalination, and ion separation. Recent progress in nanosheet membranes has included modification by crosslinking and functionalization that has improved the stability of the membranes, their separation functionality, and the scalability of membrane formation while the membranes’ excellent molecular transport properties are retained. These improvements have enhanced the potential of nanosheet membranes in practical applications such as separation processes.
Selective Manganese‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Hydrosilanes to Silanols under Neutral Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wang Kaikai , Zhou Jimei , Jiang Yuting , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Chao , Xue Dong , Tang Weijun , Sun Huamin , Xiao Jianliang , Li Chaoqun
Published: February 2019

The first manganese‐catalyzed oxidation of organosilanes to silanols with H2O2 under neutral reaction conditions has been accomplished. A variety of organosilanes with alkyl, aryl, alknyl, and heterocyclic substituents were tolerated, as well as sterically hindered organosilanes. The oxidation appears to proceed by a concerted process involving a manganese hydroperoxide species. Featuring mild reaction conditions, fast oxidation, and no waste byproducts, the protocol allows a low‐cost, eco‐benign synthesis of both silanols and silanediols.
Cycloadditions of Oxacyclic Allenes and a Catalytic Asymmetric Entryway to Enantioenriched Cyclic Allenes
Authors: Yamano Michael M. , Knapp Rachel R. , Ngamnithiporn Aurapat , Ramirez Melissa , Houk Kendall N. , Stoltz Brian M. , Garg Neil K.
Published: February 2019

The chemistry of strained cyclic alkynes has undergone a renaissance over the past two decades. However, a related species, strained cyclic allenes, especially heterocyclic derivatives, have only recently resurfaced and represent another class of valuable intermediates. We report a mild and facile means to generate the parent 3,4‐oxacyclic allene from a readily accessible silyl triflate precursor, and then trap it in (4+2), (3+2), and (2+2) reactions to provide a variety of cycloadducts. In addition, we describe a catalytic, decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation performed on an α‐silylated substrate, to ultimately permit access to an enantioenriched allene. Generation and trapping of the enantioenriched cyclic allene occurs with complete transfer of stereochemical information in a Diels–Alder cycloaddition through a point‐chirality, axial‐chirality, point‐chirality transfer process.
Glycopolymers Mimicking GM1 Gangliosides: Cooperativity of Galactose and Neuraminic Acid for Cholera Toxin Recognition
Authors: Terada Yuhei , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko
Published: February 2019

Glycopolymers mimicking GM1 gangliosides were synthesized by incorporating multiple types of carbohydrates into the polymer backbone. The glycopolymers were immobilized onto gold surfaces, and the interactions with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance imaging. The glycopolymer containing both galactose and neuraminic acid showed enhanced recognition of CTB. The interaction was enhanced mainly because of an improvement in the dissociation process by the binding of the neuraminic acid group in the GM1 binding pocket. This cooperativity of galactose and neuraminic acid was achieved by incorporation into the same flexible polymer backbone, and the importance of the close placement of galactose and neuraminic acid groups was revealed. These results will be valuable in medical fields and also for the development of biofunctional materials.
Continuous Solvent/Detergent Virus Inactivation Using a Packed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Martins Duarte L. , Sencar Jure , Hammerschmidt Nikolaus , Tille Björn , Kinderman Johanna , Kreil Thomas R. , Jungbauer Alois
Published: February 2019

Continuous virus inactivation (VI) remains one of the missing pieces while the biopharma industry moves toward continuous manufacturing. The challenges of adapting VI to the continuous operation are two‐fold: 1) achieving fluid homogeneity and 2) a narrow residence time distribution (RTD) for fluid incubation. To address these challenges, a dynamic active in‐line mixer and a packed‐bed continuous virus inactivation reactor (CVIR) are implemented, which act as a narrow RTD incubation chamber. The developed concept is applied using solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment for inactivation of two commonly used model viruses. The in‐line mixer is characterized and enables mixing of the viscous S/D chemicals to ±1.0% of the target concentration in a small dead volume. The reactor's RTD is characterized and additional control experiments confirm that the VI is due to the S/D action and not induced by system components. The CVIR setup achieves steady state rapidly before two reactor volumes and the logarithmic reduction values of the continuous inactivation process are identical to those obtained by the traditional batch operation. The packed‐bed reactor for continuous VI unites fully continuous processing with very low‐pressure drop and scalability.
Cross‐Interaction Chromatography‐Based QSAR Model for Early‐Stage Screening to Facilitate Enhanced Developability of Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics
Authors: Kizhedath Arathi , Karlberg Micael , Glassey Jarka
Published: February 2019

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) constitute a rapidly growing biopharmaceutical sector. However, their growth is impeded by developability issues such as polyspecificity and lack of solubility, which leads to attrition as well as manufacturing failures. In this study a multitool hybrid quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model development framework is described. This framework uses four novel datasets derived from the primary sequences of IgG1‐κ‐humanized mAbs with varying degrees of resolutions. Unsupervised pattern recognition is first performed on the descriptor sets to visualize any intrinsic property‐based clustering, followed by regression of descriptors against cross‐interaction chromatography (CIC) retention times. Model optimization is performed via unsupervised variable reduction followed by supervised variable selection. Finally, the models and datasets are benchmarked based on the regression model performance metrics such as R2, Q2, and RMSE. The results show that datasets containing localized descriptors rather than averaged value over the entire protein have better predictive performance of CIC retention behavior with R2 > 0.8 and RMSE < 0.3. Furthermore, the results indicate the physicochemical, electronic, and topological properties of hypervariable regions of antibodies that contribute most to the CIC retention times. The results of these studies could contribute to early‐stage screening and better design of mAbs.
The diminishing role of surgery for acute diverticulitis
Authors: Biondo S
Published: February 2019

Tailored treatment
A UPLC–MS/MS method for comparative pharmacokinetics study of morusin and morin in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Liu Jia , Mu Yanling , Xiong Shan , Sun Peilu , Deng Zhipeng
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to establish and validate a rapid, selective and reliable ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) for simultaneous quantitations of morin and morusin, and to investigate their pharmacokinetics difference between normal and diabetic rats after oral administration. Plasma samples were pretreated via protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Genkwanin was used as internal standard (IS). Analytes and IS were separated on a Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) using gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Mass spectrometry detection was carried out by means of negative electrospray ionization source and multipe‐reaction monitoring mode. The transitions of m/z 300.9 → 151.2 for morin, m/z 419.2 → 297.1 for morusin and m/z 283.1 → 268.2 for IS were chosen for quantification. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 1.01–504.2 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.99) for morin and 1.02–522.3 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.99) for morusin. The lower limit of quantification was 1.02 ng/mL for morin and 1.05 ng/mL for morusin. The extraction recovery was >85.1% for each analyte. No obvious matrix effect was observed under the present UPLC–MS/MS conditions during all of the bioanalysis. The stability study demonstrated that morin and morusin remained stable during the whole analytical procedure. The method was successfully applied to support the pharmacokinetic comparisons of morin and morusin between normal and diabetic rats.
“Nothing is just smooth or perfect”: What can students learn from intensively reviewing psychotherapy conducted by experienced therapists whilst being focused on emotional processes?
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth , Hjeltnes Aslak , Nielsen Geir Høstmark , Stige Signe Hjelen , Stiegler Jan Reidar
Published: February 2019

Objective

The aim of this pilot study was to explore what students of psychotherapy learn from intensively reviewing the work of experienced therapists whilst being focused on process measures developed to capture clients' emotional expressions.

Methods

We interviewed 12 students who participated in the training and coding of emotional processes in psychotherapy to explore their learning experiences. The interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis methodology. In addition, we explored the change in clinical self‐efficacy among 26 students who participated in the training, and coding compared to scores from a sample of 26 fellow students who did not participate.

Results

Three main themes in the participating students' descriptions of what they learned were identified: (1) You notice emotions better. An increase in emotional awareness and ability to identify emotional patterns both in the role as therapist and in one's own life (2) It feels a bit like model learning. Recognising the importance of interpersonal skills such as listening, being empathic and present as a therapist. (3) Even experienced therapists fumble. Developing more realistic and moderate expectations of the role as therapist, and feeling less anxious of entering the therapist role.

Conclusions

Teaching students to code emotional processes and then giving them the opportunity to observe and code psychotherapy as it naturally unfolds over time may represent a promising approach to foster relevant therapeutic skills, reducing performance anxiety and thus preparing students for the role as a therapist. Implications for training are discussed.
Signaling can increase consumers' willingness to pay for green products. Theoretical model and experimental evidence
Authors: Berger Joël
Published: February 2019

Many green products are costlier than their nongreen counterparts, for a variety of reasons. This “green premium” is a key challenge marketers face when targeting consumers with these green products. A potential solution to this issue is provided by signaling theory. According to the theory, green products can have a signaling benefit. This benefit acts as an incentive for consumers to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products that can even out their price disadvantage (the green signaling hypothesis). Previous studies have tested the green signaling hypothesis with hypothetical buying decisions. The research at hand tests the green signaling hypothesis with incentive‐compatible purchase decisions in a laboratory setting with student subjects. As predicted, subjects exhibit a higher willingness to pay for green products when the product choice (a nongreen product vs. a costlier green counterpart) is public rather than private. The results also suggest that green signalers are treated more favorably in social interactions. The main result is that a signaling benefit can even out moderate green premiums. One implication of this is the idea that marketers should design green products that are costlier than their nongreen counterparts in a way that renders them clearly recognizable as green. At the same time, marketers should avoid marketing everyday green products with a high green premium.
Compilation of Modern Technologies To Map Genome‐Wide Cytosine Modifications in DNA
Authors: Zeng Hu , He Bo , Yi Chengqi
Published: February 2019

Over the past few decades, various DNA modification detection methods have been developed; many of the high‐resolution methods are based on bisulfite treatment, which leads to DNA degradation, to a degree. Thus, novel bisulfite‐free approaches have been developed in recent years and shown to be useful for epigenome analysis in otherwise difficult‐to‐handle, but important, DNA samples, such as hmC‐seal and hmC‐CATCH. Herein, an overview of advances in the development of epigenome sequencing methods for these important DNA modifications is provided.
Progesterone and fluoxetine treatments of postpartum depressive‐like behavior in rat model
Authors: Hu Zhiying , Du Xiaoxue , Yang Yang , Botchway Benson O.A. , Fang Marong
Published: February 2019

Research studies have indicated that alterations in plasma progesterone levels might be associated with the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of postpartum depressive‐like behavior. Herein, we assess both progesterone and fluoxetine effects in adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats with postpartum depressive‐like behavior. Depressive‐like behavior of postpartum rats was established using chronic ultra‐mild stress (CUMS) method for 1 week from gestation day 15. Postpartum rats that showed depressive‐like behavior were treated with either progesterone (subcutaneously, 0.5 mg/kg) from gestation day 17 to gestation day 22 or fluoxetine (by gavage, 10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks after birth. Open field and sucrose preference tests were conducted at the start, week 2 and week 4 postpartum. Golgi staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses of rats’ hippocampi were conducted on week 4 postpartum. Results showed CUMS increases depressive‐like behavior, however, treatment with progesterone and fluoxetine improves this behavior. Both progesterone and fluoxetine treatments increase the numbers of dendritic spines pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus as well as protein expression levels of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP‐2) and synaptophysin (SYP). CUMS‐induced decrement of MAP–2 and SYP protein expressions can be prevented by treatment with progesterone in advanced pregnant stage and fluoxetine in the postpartum period.
Intravascular lithotripsy‐assisted Impella insertion: A case report
Authors: Riley Robert F. , Corl John D. , Kereiakes Dean J.
Published: February 2019

Coronary and peripheral arterial calcification increases the complexity of percutaneous treatment strategies in both coronary and peripheral interventions. The first use of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) using the Shockwave IVL device (Shockwave Medical Inc) in femoropopliteal arteries for modification of calcified plaque was recently described. We present a case illustrating use of the device to deliver a 14 French sheath for delivery of an Impella mechanical circulatory device prior to high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This case illustrates that IVL may be used to facilitate a broadening array of procedures in the catheterization laboratory, including the delivery of large bore sheathes.
Spray‐Flame‐Synthesized LaCo1−xFexO3 Perovskite Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for Water and Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Alkan Baris , Cychy Steffen , Varhade Swapnil , Muhler Martin , Schulz Christof , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Wiggers Hartmut , Andronescu Corina
Published: February 2019

Coupling electrochemical generation of hydrogen with the concomitant formation of an industrially valuable product at the anode instead of oxygen can balance the high costs usually associated with water electrolysis. We report the synthesis of a variety of nanoparticulate LaCo1−xFexO3 perovskite materials through a specifically optimized spray‐flame nanoparticle synthesis method, using different ratios of La, Co, and Fe precursor compounds. Structural characterization of the resulting materials by XRD, TEM, FTIR, and XPS analysis revealed the formation of mainly perovskite‐type materials. The electrocatalytic performance of the formed perovskite‐type materials towards the oxygen evolution reaction and the ethanol oxidation reaction was investigated by using rotating disk electrode voltammetry. An increased Fe content in the precursor mixture leads to a decrease in the electrocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles. The selectivity towards alcohol oxidation in alkaline media was assessed by using the ethanol oxidation reaction as a model reaction. Operando electrochemistry/ATR‐IR spectroscopy results reveal that acetate and acetaldehyde are the final products, depending on the catalyst composition as well as on the applied potential.
Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate: The Importance of Catalytic Halogen Exchange
Authors: De Bon Francesco , Isse Abdirisak A. , Gennaro Armando
Published: February 2019

Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium triflate ([BMIm][OTf]) and ethanol. When 2‐bromopropionitrile and ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate were used as initiators, poorly controlled or uncontrolled polymerizations yielding polymers with molecular weights largely exceeding the theoretical values were obtained. Poor control was attributed to a reactivity mismatch between initiator and dormant species, which was successfully suppressed by combining eATRP with catalytic halogen exchange. Well‐defined polymers (Mn>30000 and Ð<1.2) were obtained in both solvents under optimized conditions. The possibility of using PMDETA as an inexpensive ligand in combination with ethyl α‐bromophenylacetate as initiator was also successful. Good chain‐end fidelity during eATRP was confirmed by chain extension of PMMA‐Cl macroinitiator with MMA in ethanol. Polymers prepared in both solvents were found to be mainly syndiotactic, without any solvent effect on tacticity.
Real‐time diagnostics of the olefin production process
Authors: Osipenko Uliana , Rusinov Leon
Published: February 2019

The olefin production process is explosive and fire hazardous. Thus, the development of a diagnostic system for earlier identifying abnormal situations and determining their causes is an important task. Analysis of the process is executed to elaborate a diagnostic model. Possible abnormal situations, their location, and symptoms are determined. It is proposed to realize process monitoring with the aid of widely used PCA. Monitoring of the process state is carried out according to the PCA model by the control of statistics T2 and Q in the principal component subspace and residual subspace, respectively. To determine the causes of abnormal situations, it is proposed to use a combined two‐level frame production diagnostic model. The upper level of the model is formed by the network of root frames, and the lower level contains daughter frames with production rules that describe abnormal situations. The working capacity of the model is shown with the help of a specialized expert shell. The possibility of using a diagnostic system to monitor the activity of catalyst and maintain roughly constant yield of olefins during catalyst coking is shown.
Relative Reactivities of Three Isomeric Aromatic Biradicals with a 1,4‐Biradical Topology Are Controlled by Polar Effects
Authors: Ma Xin , Jin Chunfen , Wang Duanda , Nash John J. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I.
Published: February 2019

Unexpectedly, the 5‐dehydroquinoline radical cation was formed in the gas phase from the 5‐iodo‐8‐nitroquinolinium cation upon ion‐trap collision‐activated dissociation. This reaction involves the cleavage of a nitro group to generate an intermediate monoradical, namely, the 8‐dehydro‐5‐iodoquinolinium cation, followed by rearrangement through abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the protonated nitrogen atom by the radical site. Dissociation of the rearranged radical cation through elimination of an iodine atom generates the 5‐dehydroquinoline radical cation. The mechanism was probed by studying isomeric biradicals and performing quantum chemical calculations. The 5‐dehydroquinoline radical cation showed greater gas‐phase reactivity toward dimethyl disulfide, cyclohexane, and allyl iodide than the isomeric 5,8‐didehydroquinolinium cation, which is more reactive than the isomeric 5,8‐didehydroisoquinolinium cation studied previously. All three isomers have a 1,4‐biradical topology. The order of reactivity is rationalized by the vertical electron affinities of the radical sites of these biradicals instead of their widely differing singlet–triplet splittings.
Comprehensive Profiling by Non‐targeted Stable Isotope Tracing Capillary Electrophoresis‐Mass Spectrometry: A New Tool Complementing Metabolomic Analyses of Polar Metabolites
Authors: Zeng Jun , Wang Zhichao , Huang Xin , Eckstein Sabine S. , Lin Xiaohui , Piao Hailong , Weigert Cora , Yin Peiyuan , Lehmann Rainer , Xu Guowang
Published: February 2019

Mass spectrometry (MS) driven metabolomics is a frequently used tool in various areas of life sciences; however, the analysis of polar metabolites is less commonly included. In general, metabolomic analyses lead to the detection of the total amount of all covered metabolites. This is currently a major limitation with respect to metabolites showing high turnover rates, but no changes in their concentration. Such metabolites and pathways could be crucial metabolic nodes (e.g., potential drug targets in cancer metabolism). A stable‐isotope tracing capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) metabolomic approach was developed to cover both polar metabolites and isotopologues in a non‐targeted way. An in‐house developed software enables high throughput processing of complex multidimensional data. The practicability is demonstrated analyzing [U‐13C]‐glucose exposed prostate cancer and non‐cancer cells. This CE‐MS‐driven analytical strategy complements polar metabolite profiles through isotopologue labeling patterns, thereby improving not only the metabolomic coverage, but also the understanding of metabolism.
Treatment capacity required for full‐scale implementation of lung cancer screening in the United States
Authors: Blom Erik F. , ten Haaf Kevin , Arenberg Douglas A. , de Koning Harry J.
Published: February 2019

Background

Full‐scale implementation of lung cancer screening in the United States will increase detection of early stages. This study was aimed at assessing the capacity required for treating those cancers.

Methods

A well‐established microsimulation model was extended with treatment data from the National Cancer Database. We assessed how treatment demand would change when implementing lung cancer screening in 2018. Three policies were assessed: 1) annual screening of current smokers and former smokers who quit fewer than 15 years ago, aged 55 to 80 years, with a smoking history of at least 30 pack‐years (US Preventive Services Task Force [USPSTF] recommendations); 2) annual screening of current smokers and former smokers who quit fewer than 15 years ago, aged 55 to 77 years, with a smoking history of at least 30 pack‐years (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS] recommendations); and 3) annual screening of current smokers and former smokers who quit fewer than 10 years ago, aged 55 to 75 years, with a smoking history of at least 40 pack‐years (the most cost‐effective policy in Ontario [Ontario]). The base‐case screening adherence was a constant 50%. Sensitivity analyses assessed other adherence levels, including a linear buildup to 50% between 2018 and 2027.

Results

The USPSTF policy would require 37.0% more lung cancer surgeries in 2015‐2040 than no screening, 2.2% less radiotherapy, and 5.4% less chemotherapy; 5.7% more patients would require any therapy. The increase in surgical demand would be 96.1% in 2018, 46.0% in 2023, 38.3% in 2028, and 24.9% in 2040. Adherence strongly influenced results. By 2018, surgical demand would range from 52,619 (20% adherence) to 96,121 (80%). With a gradual buildup of adherence, the increase in surgical demand would be 9.6% in 2018, 38.3% in 2023, 42.0% in 2028, and 24.4% in 2040. Results for the CMS and Ontario policies were similar, although the changes in comparison with no screening were smaller.

Conclusions

Full‐scale implementation of lung cancer screening causes a major increase in surgical demand, with a peak within the first 5 years. A gradual buildup of adherence can spread this peak over time. Careful surgical capacity planning is essential for successfully implementing screening.
Study on Drug‐Drug Interactions Between Chiglitazar, a Novel PPAR Pan‐Agonist, and Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yi Ling , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jin‐wen , You Xiao‐ming , Ning Zhi‐qiang , Yu Jia , Qian Li‐fang , Miao Li‐yan
Published: February 2019

Chiglitazar (CHI) is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor potentially for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An open‐label, randomized, 3‐period crossover and self‐controlled study was conducted to investigate drug‐drug interaction potential between CHI and metformin hydrochloride (MET). Eligible subjects received a single oral dose of CHI (48 mg), MET (1000 mg), or a combination in each period, followed by serial blood sampling collected for up to 48 hours postdose, and safety was assessed throughout the trial. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curves from time 0 to 48 hours (AUC0‐48 h) of CHI was similar following administration alone or with MET (AUC0‐48h, 12 540 ng·h/mL [9811‐15 269 ng·h/mL] vs 12 130 ng·h/mL [9304‐14 956 ng·h/mL]; 90% confidence interval [CI] of its geometric mean ratio [GMR], 89.7%–103.8%), whereas the maximum concentration (Cmax) of CHI was reduced during coadministration, as its 90%CI of the GMR was slightly outside the acceptance range for bioequivalence (Cmax, 1620 ng/mL [1418‐1822 ng/mL] vs 1420 ng/mL [1049‐1791 ng/mL], 90%CI GMR, 77.%‐94.1%). However, it was not considered clinically meaningful. The MET exposures remained consistent in the absence or presence of CHI (AUC0‐48 h, 12 570 ng·h/mL [10681‐14 459 ng·h/mL] vs 13 190 [10973‐15 407 ng·h/mL); 90%CI of GMR: 99.1%‐110.5%; Cmax, 1790 ng/mL [1448–2132 ng/mL] vs 1820 ng/mL [1510‐2130 ng/mL]; 90%CI of GMR, 94.2%–110.9%). No moderate to severe adverse events were reported. Our study indicated no clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interaction between CHI and MET and demonstrated good tolerance in subjects. These results support future application of CHI in combination with MET for treatment of T2DM.
Hardware MPI message matching: Insights into MPI matching behavior to inform design
Authors: Ferreira Kurt , Grant Ryan E. , Levenhagen Michael J. , Levy Scott , Groves Taylor
Published: February 2019

This paper explores key differences of MPI match lists for several important United States Department of Energy (DOE) applications and proxy applications. This understanding is critical in determining the most promising hardware matching design for any given high‐speed network. The results of MPI match list studies for the major open‐source MPI implementations, MPICH and Open MPI, are presented, and we modify an MPI simulator, LogGOPSim, to provide match list statistics. These results are discussed in the context of several different potential design approaches to MPI matching–capable hardware. The data illustrate the requirements for different hardware designs in terms of performance and memory capacity. This paper's contributions are the collection and analysis of data to help inform hardware designers of common MPI requirements and highlight the difficulties in determining these requirements by only examining a single MPI implementation.
Research on joint ranking recommendation model based on Markov chain
Authors: Jia Hailong , Yang Jie
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a supervised learning framework with strong expansibility is first established for search engine joint ranking problem. It can transform existing algorithms into corresponding learning algorithms, and design new algorithms under this framework. Second, with Markov chain model as the core algorithm, this paper combines the ranking results of three main factors, including content relevance, hyperlink prediction, and query click behavior, and transforms the joint problem of ranking results into a positive semi‐definite programming problem, and deduces the detailed process of solving the problem. Finally, this paper analyzes the rationality and efficiency of the joint ranking recommendation model based on Markov chain by setting the weight coefficient through experimental data.
Recovery of Abies alba and Picea abies saplings to browsing and frost damage depends on seed source
Authors: Kupferschmid Andrea Doris , Heiri Caroline
Published: February 2019

The density of wild ungulates has increased in the last century, and browsing has become a major driver of forest succession in the northern hemisphere. In addition, tree species are expected to respond differently to future climate conditions, especially an increased frequency of late frost events. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of intraspecific genetic variation on the recovery of two tree species to frost and browsing. An experiment with saplings from 90 Abies alba and 72 Picea abies seed sources was conducted. Five‐year‐old saplings were clipped at three intensities before budburst in spring. Growth (height, diameter, leader shoot length, and biomass) and quality (e.g. stem form, multistemming, reaction type) were assessed before and 1–2 years after clipping or 3–4 years after natural frost events, and provenance differences were related to environmental differences at the seed source. For Abies, frost and clipping resulted in reduced height growth in the first year after the stress and reduced height for two (clipping) to four (frost) vegetation periods. Sapling biomass, diameter increment, and quality decreased after heavy clipping. For Picea, which grew twice as fast as Abies, such effects were only found after frost damage. Population differences were significant for both species for all investigated growth traits and for Picea also for some quality variables. The “reaction type” after browsing (e.g. new shoot, existing twig bending upward) seems to be species specific and independent of seed source. In contrast, the time lag between clipping and formation of a clear new leader shoot increased for Abieswith lower temperatures at the seed source. Lowland populations with warmer climates grew faster, and for Picea also qualitatively better, and recovered faster from leader shoot loss (Abies) or reacted at the uppermost meristem (Picea). Thus, the investigated stressors increased the existing differences among populations.
Identifying hybrids & the genomics of hybridization: Mallards & American black ducks of Eastern North America
Authors: Lavretsky Philip , Janzen Thijs , McCracken Kevin G.
Published: February 2019

Resolving evolutionary relationships and establishing population structure depends on molecular diagnosability that is often limited for closely related taxa. Here, we use 3,200 ddRAD‐seq loci across 290 mallards, American black ducks, and putative hybrids to establish population structure and estimate hybridization rates. We test between traditional assignment probability and accumulated recombination events based analyses to assign hybrids to generational classes. For hybrid identification, we report the distribution of recombination events complements ADMIXTURE simulation by extending resolution past F4 hybrid status; however, caution against hybrid assignment based on accumulated recombination events due to an inability to resolve F1 hybrids. Nevertheless, both analyses suggest that there are relatively few backcrossed stages before a lineage's hybrid ancestry is lost and the offspring are effectively parental again. We conclude that despite high rates of observed interspecific hybridization between mallards and black ducks in the middle part of the 20th century, our results do not support the predicted hybrid swarm. Conversely, we report that mallard samples genetically assigned to western and non‐western clusters. We indicate that these non‐western mallards likely originated from game‐farm stock, suggesting landscape level gene flow between domestic and wild conspecifics.