bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarkable correlation between input channels of single-channel optimization
Authors: Huang Feng , Peng Fei , Lin Huifang , Wang Pengfei , Liu Yu
Published: October 2024

Following general single-channel optimization, input channels are typically treated as independent elements in the transmission matrix. This paper presents compelling evidence of a remarkable correlation between input channels due to the continuous distribution of optimal phase masks. This correlation challenges the previous notion that single-channel optimization is highly sensitive to wavefront changes, such that an obvious focal point still forms even when the optimal phase mask is completely refreshed. Further, this correlation significantly enhances the focus light intensity when the optimized wavefront is seriously impaired. The discovery of this correlation will offer new insights into the physics of a transmission matrix.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of femtosecond laser inscribed waveguides into GLS glass
Authors: Ha Trong Thuy , Bharathan Gayathri , Fuerbach Alex
Published: October 2024

Gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) glass is a promising material for mid-infrared photonics due to its wide transmission window and its high nonlinear refractive index that is almost three orders of magnitude higher than that of fused silica. In this paper, we present the results of a detailed study into the linear and nonlinear optical properties of waveguides fabricated in GLS glass via ultrafast laser direct-inscription using three different techniques: cumulative heating in the thermal regime as well as multi-scan and half-scan in the athermal regime. Using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry, we fully characterized the refractive index profiles of such inscribed waveguides and found no difference between half-scan and multi-scan writing which indicates the absence of laser-induced stress in this soft glass in stark contrast to fused silica. In terms of nonlinearity, we utilized self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced spectral broadening experiments at mid-IR wavelengths to demonstrate that waveguides fabricated in the athermal regime preserve the high intrinsic nonlinearity of the GLS bulk material, outperforming those written in the thermal regime based. These findings pave the way for the fabrication of fiber-coupled optical waveguide chips for nonlinear mid-infrared photonics.
Holographically fabricated out-of-plane blazed gratings and channel waveguides in silica for integrated free-space beam delivery
Authors: Salman Ahmed Q. , Gow Paul C. , Field James W. , Ko Dong-Woo , Bannerman Rex H. S. , Horak Peter , Holmes Christopher , Smith Peter G. R. , Gawith Corin B. E. , Gates James C.
Published: October 2024

Grating couplers are widely used in integrated optics to generate free-space beams and facilitate localized interactions with systems such as atom or ion traps. However, etched devices often exhibit small-scale inconsistencies; exacerbated by the high index contrast of the devices, this can lead to phase errors, limiting devices to a sub-millimeter scale. Here we present the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of tilted, out-of-plane blazed gratings in planar silica fabricated by UV inscription using a 213 nm laser. Our devices deliver collimated and focusing beams into free space from a waveguide input without the need for additional optics such as beam expanders.
Accelerating T1 relaxation time measurements of noble gas using transverse low-frequency square-wave magnetic field modulation
Authors: Gao Hang , Duan Lihong , Fan Wenfeng , Yuan Linlin , Huang Jiong , Zhang Kai , Cai Ze , Quan Wei
Published: October 2024

The longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of noble gas nuclear spins is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of an atomic comagnetometer, significantly influencing the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Traditional measurement techniques, such as the free induction decay method combined with the spin growth technique (FIDSG), are time-consuming for gases with extended T1 durations, such as 21Ne, and are prone to substantial environmental variability. Here, we propose the transverse low-frequency square-wave magnetic field modulation (LSMM) method for the rapid measurement of T1. The experiment indicates that the LSMM significantly condenses the measurement time to 19.2% of the original, thereby diminishing the robustness demands of the system. Although a minor discrepancy of up to 3 min (or 1.3%) exists between LSMM and FIDSG results, the LSMM method provides strong support for calibrating the performance of comagnetometer cells and conducting various nuclear spin polarization experiments, thereby improving efficiency and reducing energy loss.
Turning four-wave mixing on and off in elliptically birefringent fibers via narrow frequency detuning
Authors: Choksi Neel , Qian Li
Published: October 2024

Controlling four-wave mixing (FWM) is vital for several applications, including fiber optical communication, optical signal processing, optical amplification, and frequency generation. This paper presents a novel, to our knowledge, approach to control unidirectional FWM in elliptically birefringent fibers. By leveraging the frequency-dependent polarization eigenmodes of these fibers and detuning the optical frequency of one of the pump fields by a few megahertz, we can turn the FWM interaction on and off, thus controlling the generation of signal and idler fields. Moreover, this approach allows us to turn off the FWM interaction at any desired frequency, enabling all-optical switching and narrowband filtering applications.
Multidimensional QPSK symbol modulation scheme based on random sequence extraction for D-band photonics-aided wireless communication
Authors: Bian Chengzhen , Sang Bohan , Yang Xiongwei , Wang Chen , Zhang Long , Wei Yi , Zhang Qiutong , Wang Kaihui , Zhou Wen , Yu Jianjun
Published: October 2024

We propose a multidimensional (MD) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) symbol modulation and demodulation scheme based on random sequence extraction, which overcomes the limitations of traditional QPSK signals in performing probabilistic shaping. Unlike probabilistic shaping (PS) and geometric shaping (GS), our approach does not require modifications to the existing digital signal processing (DSP) architecture; it only necessitates the addition of sequence modulation and demodulation modules. Additionally, the source entropy (SE) can be flexibly adjusted. An experimental verification was conducted in a 50 m, 150 GHz photonics-aided wireless communication system. The results show that, under the same net data rate, the random sequence extraction QPSK scheme can achieve a maximum optical power gain of 0.7 dB. These findings indicate that the random sequence extraction QPSK (SE-QPSK) scheme can effectively enhance system performance, providing a promising outlook for future wireless communication.
Elliptic Hermite–Gaussian soliton and transformations in nonlocal media induced by linear anisotropy
Authors: Jiang Xinran , Ge Lijuan , Shen Ming
Published: October 2024

Elliptic Hermite–Gaussian (HG) soliton clusters in nonlocal
media with anisotropic diffractions are studied comprehensively. The
relations among solitons parameters, diffraction indices, and the
degree of nonlocality are derived analytically with the Lagrangian
method. Stable elliptic HG soliton clusters can be obtained when
linear diffraction is anisotropic. When the solitons are launched with
an initial orientation angle, we also demonstrate numerically mode
transformations between HG and Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) solitons
induced by linear anisotropy. Our results will enrich the soliton
phenomenon with linear anisotropic diffraction and may lead to novel
applications in all-optical switching, interconnection, etc.
On-chip optical skyrmionic beam generators
Authors: Lin Wenbo , Ota Yasutomo , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Iwamoto Satoshi
Published: October 2024

Optical skyrmion beams, which encompass a two-dimensional topology in their spatial structures, are promising candidates for ultra-dense optical communications and advanced matter manipulation. Generating such light beams using a chip-based approach will broaden their applications and promote the advancement of untapped fundamental science. Herein, we present a breakthrough in chip-based technology by experimentally demonstrating on-chip devices capable of generating optical skyrmions with tailored topological invariants. These devices, fabricated with high precision, exhibit behaviors that closely align with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. The realization of on-chip optical skyrmion beam generators ushers a new dawn in optical and material sciences.
Decoding reveals the neural representation of perceived and imagined musical sounds
Authors: Quiroga-Martinez David R. , Rubio Gemma Fernández , Bonetti Leonardo , Achyutuni Kriti G. , Tzovara Athina , Knight Robert T. , Vuust Peter
Published: October 2024

Vividly imagining a song or a melody is a skill that many people accomplish with relatively little effort. However, we are only beginning to understand how the brain represents, holds, and manipulates these musical “thoughts.” Here, we decoded perceived and imagined melodies from magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain data (N = 71) to characterize their neural representation. We found that, during perception, auditory regions represent the sensory properties of individual sounds. In contrast, a widespread network including fronto-parietal cortex, hippocampus, basal nuclei, and sensorimotor regions hold the melody as an abstract unit during both perception and imagination. Furthermore, the mental manipulation of a melody systematically changes its neural representation, reflecting volitional control of auditory images. Our work sheds light on the nature and dynamics of auditory representations, informing future research on neural decoding of auditory imagination.
Celsr3 drives development and connectivity of the acoustic startle hindbrain circuit
Authors: Meserve Joy H. , Navarro Maria F. , Ortiz Elelbin A. , Granato Michael
Published: October 2024

In the developing brain, groups of neurons organize into functional circuits that direct diverse behaviors. One such behavior is the evolutionarily conserved acoustic startle response, which in zebrafish is mediated by a well-defined hindbrain circuit. While numerous molecular pathways that guide neurons to their synaptic partners have been identified, it is unclear if and to what extent distinct neuron populations in the startle circuit utilize shared molecular pathways to ensure coordinated development. Here, we show that the planar cell polarity (PCP)-associated atypical cadherins Celsr3 and Celsr2, as well as the Celsr binding partner Frizzled 3a/Fzd3a, are critical for axon guidance of two neuron types that form synapses with each other: the command-like neuron Mauthner cells that drive the acoustic startle escape response, and spiral fiber neurons which provide excitatory input to Mauthner cells. We find that Mauthner axon growth towards synaptic targets is vital for Mauthner survival. We also demonstrate that symmetric spiral fiber input to Mauthner cells is critical for escape direction, which is necessary to respond to directional threats. Moreover, we identify distinct roles for Celsr3 and Celsr2, as Celsr3 is required for startle circuit development while Celsr2 is dispensable, though Celsr2 can partially compensate for loss of Celsr3 in Mauthner cells. This contrasts with facial branchiomotor neuron migration in the hindbrain, which requires Celsr2 while we find that Celsr3 is dispensable. Combined, our data uncover critical and distinct roles for individual PCP components during assembly of the acoustic startle hindbrain circuit.
Little disease but lots of bites: social, urbanistic, and entomological risk factors of human exposure to Aedes aegypti in South Texas, U.S.
Authors: Scavo Nicole A. , Juarez Jose G. , Chaves Luis Fernando , Fernández-Santos Nadia A. , Carbajal Ester , Perkin Joshuah , Londono-Renteria Berlin , Hamer Gabriel L.
Published: October 2024

Background

Aedes aegypti presence, human-vector contact rates, and Aedes-borne virus transmission are highly variable through time and space. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas, is one of the few regions in the U.S. where local transmission of Aedes-borne viruses occurs, presenting an opportunity to evaluate social, urbanistic, entomological, and mobility-based factors that modulate human exposure to Ae. aegypti.

Methodology & Principal findings

Mosquitoes were collected using BG-Sentinel 2 traps during November 2021 as part of an intervention trial, with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and housing quality surveys to gather environmental and demographic data. Human blood samples were taken from individuals and a Bitemark Assay (ELISA) was conducted to quantify human antibodies to the Ae. aegypti Nterm-34kDa salivary peptide as a measure of human exposure to bites. In total, 64 houses were surveyed with 142 blood samples collected. More than 80% of participants had knowledge of mosquito-borne diseases and believed mosquitoes to be a health risk in their community. Our best fit generalized linear mixed effects model found four fixed effects contributed significantly to explaining the variation in exposure to Ae. aegypti bites: higher annual household income, younger age, larger lot area, and higher female Ae. aegypti abundance per trap night averaged over 5 weeks prior to human blood sampling.

Conclusions

Most surveyed residents recognized mosquitoes and the threat they pose to individual and public health. Urbanistic (i.e., lot size), social (i.e., income within a low-income community and age), and entomological (i.e., adult female Ae. aegypti abundance) factors modulate the risk of human exposure to Ae. aegypti bites. The use of serological biomarker assays, such as the Bitemark Assay, are valuable tools for surveillance and risk assessment of mosquito-borne disease, especially in areas like the LRGV where the transmission of target pathogens is low or intermittent.
Serological evidence of tick-borne Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Dugbe orthonairovirus infections in cattle in Kwara State in northern Nigeria indicate independent endemics
Authors: Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde , Hartlaub Julia , Olopade James Olukayode , Oluwayelu Daniel Oladimeji , Groschup Martin H.
Published: October 2024

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) and Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) are zoonotic viruses transmitted by ticks. Whereas CCHFV has caused numerous human cases, DUGV, although less reported, shares ticks and ruminants as hosts. Since its first discovery in Nigeria in 1964, there has been no detailed sero-epidemiological investigation on DUGV in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is aimed at assessing the current seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CCHFV and DUGV infections in Nigerian cattle. Using a cross-sectional design with random sampling method, blood samples were collected from 877 cattle on pastoralist farms and at abattoirs in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. CCHFV IgG antibodies were detected in extracted sera using three panels of in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on bacteria-expressed recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP), the cattle-adapted VectoCrimean ELISA and the ID Screen CCHF double antigen multi-species ELISA, while DUGV IgG antibodies were detected using in-house indirect ELISA with bacteria-expressed rNP, indirect immunofluorescence assay and micro-Virus Neutralization test. Overall seroprevalence rates of 71.9% (631/877) and 52.8% (451/854) were obtained for CCHFV and DUGV, respectively. It was observed that 37.9% (314/829) of the cattle were co-exposed to both CCHFV and DUGV while 34.5% (286/829), 14.8% (123/829) and 12.8% (106/829) were exposed to single infections with CCHFV, DUGV or none of the two viruses, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only location, sex, age and tick infestation score were the risk factors that significantly affected CCHFV seroprevalence in cattle, while DUGV seroprevalence was significantly influenced by month of the year, location, cattle breed and sex (p<0.05). This is the first comprehensive sero-epidemiological surveillance for DUGV in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings reveal widely distributed independent CCHFV and DUGV infections in cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria.
Intraspecific variability in plant and soil chemical properties in a common garden plantation of the energy crop Populus
Authors: Craig Matthew E. , Harman-Ware Anne E. , Cope Kevin R. , Kalluri Udaya C.
Published: October 2024

Optimizing crops for synergistic soil carbon (C) sequestration can enhance CO2 removal in food and bioenergy production systems. Yet, in bioenergy systems, we lack an understanding of how intraspecies variation in plant traits correlates with variation in soil biogeochemistry. This knowledge gap is exacerbated by both the heterogeneity and difficulty of measuring belowground traits. Here, we provide initial observations of C and nutrients in soil and root and stem tissues from a common garden field site of diverse, natural variant, Populus trichocarpa genotypes—established for aboveground biomass-to-biofuels research. Our goal was to explore the value of such field sites for evaluating genotype-specific effects on soil C, which ultimately informs the potential for optimizing bioenergy systems for both aboveground productivity and belowground C storage. To do this, we investigated variation in chemical traits at the scale of individual trees and genotypes and we explored correlations among stem, root, and soil samples. We observed substantial variation in soil chemical properties at the scale of individual trees and specific genotypes. While correlations among elements were observed both within and among sample types (soil, stem, root), above-belowground correlations were generally poor. We did not observe genotype-specific patterns in soil C in the top 10 cm, but we did observe genotype associations with soil acid-base chemistry (soil pH and base cations) and bulk density. Finally, a specific phenotype of interest (high vs low lignin) was unrelated to soil biogeochemistry. Our pilot study supports the usefulness of decade-old, genetically-variable, Populus bioenergy field test plots for understanding plant genotype effects on soil properties. Finally, this study contributes to the advancement of sampling methods and baseline data for Populus systems in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Further species- and region-specific efforts will enhance C predictability across scales in bioenergy systems and, ultimately, accelerate the identification of genotypes that optimize yield and carbon storage.
Transitions in metabolic syndrome and metabolic obesity status over time and risk of urologic cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Xia , Jiang Runxue , Shen Jianglun , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Hu Hailong , Cai Haifeng
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

The effects of metabolic obesity (MO) phenotypes status and their dynamic changes on urologic cancer (UC) is ignored. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MO status at baseline, their dynamic changes and UC risk.

Methods

This paper studied 97,897 subjects who were free of cancers at baseline (2006−2007). Individuals were classified into four MO phenotypes by MetS and obesity at baseline. Transitions in MetS and MO status from 2006–2007 to 2008–2009 were considered. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for UC were assessed by multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression models. The main limitations of this study are as follows: the ratio of men to women in the cohort is unbalanced; the impacts of MetS and MO on each cancer type (kidney cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer) have not been analyzed separately; the transition intervals of MetS and MO phenotypes are relatively short.

Results

From baseline (2006–2007) survey to December 31, 2020, during a median follow-up of 14.02 years, 554 cases of UC were diagnosed. Participants with MetS [HRs (95% CI) = 1.26 (1.06–1.49)] and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) [HRs (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.17–1.89)] had significantly higher risk of UC than those with non-MetS and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN). Transitions in MetS and MO phenotypes over time were studied. Compared with non-MetS to non-MetS, the risks for UC in MetS to MetS [HRs (95% CI) = 1.45 (1.11–1.88)] was increased. Compared with MHN to MHN, both MUO to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) [HRs (95% CI) = 2.65 (1.43–4.92)] and MUO to MUO [HRs (95% CI) = 1.60 (1.06–2.42)] had significantly higher UC risk.

Conclusions

MetS and MUO increased the UC risk at baseline. Transitions of MetS to MetS, MUO to MUO and even MUO to MHO over time significantly increased the risk of UC development.
The N-terminal activation function AF-1 domain of ERα interacts directly with the C-terminal AF-2-holding ligand-binding domain to recruit the coactivator proteins
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Matsuyama Yutaka , Sugiyama Makiko , Suyama Keitaro , Nose Takeru , Shimohigashi Miki , Shimohigashi Yasuyuki
Published: October 2024

Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) clarified the quaternary structure of the DNA complex of coactivator-bound estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), revealing the adjacency of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). ERα-NTD and LBD constitute activation function 1 (AF-1) and activation function 2 (AF-2), respectively. These domains are essential for transcription activation. Their spatial proximity was judged to be essential for ERα to recruit the SRC coactivator proteins. In the present study, we first evaluated untethered free ERα-NTD(AF-1) [residues 1–180] and its-truncated desNTD(AF-1)-ERα [residues 181–595] in a luciferase reporter gene assay. ERα-NTD(AF-1) was completely inactive, whereas desNTD(AF-1)-ERα exhibited 66% activity of wild-type ERα. Surprisingly, ERα-NTD(AF-1) was found to inhibit desNTD(AF-1)-ERα markedly. Therefore, assuming that ERα-NTD(AF-1) must also inhibit wild-type full-length ERα, we co-expressed ERα-NTD(AF-1) and full-length ERα. As expected, ERα-NTD(AF-1) inhibited ERα in a dose-dependent manner, but non-competitively for 17β-estradiol. When their intracellular transport was examined immunocytochemically, ERα-NTD(AF-1) showed a distinct translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, despite being expressed solely in the cytoplasm without full-length ERα. This nuclear translocation was attributable to a direct interaction between ERα-NTD(AF-1) and full-length ERα consisting of the nuclear localization signal. The present results demonstrated that, in full-length ERα, the N-terminally tethered NTD(AF-1) domain collaborates with the C-terminal LBD(AF-2) for coactivator recruitment.
Linkage-specific ubiquitin binding interfaces modulate the activity of the chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 towards poly-ubiquitin substrates
Authors: Schlötzer Jan , Schmalix Alexander , Hügelschäffer Sophie , Rieger Dominic , Sauer Florian , Tully Mark D. , Rudel Thomas , Wiesner Silke , Kisker Caroline
Published: October 2024

The chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 of the obligate intracellular human pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis plays important roles in the maintenance of chlamydial infection. Despite the structural similarities shared with its homologue Cdu2, both DUBs display remarkable differences in their enzymatic activity towards poly-UB chain substrates. Whereas Cdu1 is highly active towards K48- and K63- poly-UB chains, Cdu2 activity is restricted mostly to mono-UB substrates. Here, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the differential activity and the substrate specificity of Cdu1 to better understand the cellular processes it is involved in, including infection-related events. We found that the strikingly elevated activity of Cdu1 relative to its paralogue Cdu2 can be attributed to an N-terminally extended α-helix, which has not been observed in Cdu2. Moreover, by employing isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrate the differential recognition of K48- and K63-linked poly-UB substrates by Cdu1. Whereas K63-linked poly-UB substrates appear to be recognized by Cdu1 with only two independent ubiquitin interaction sites, up to four different binding interfaces are present for K48-linked ubiquitin chains. Combined, our data suggest that Cdu1 possesses a poly-UB chain directed activity that may enable its function as a multipurpose DUB with a broad substrate specificity.
“Un nombre que no es el nombre”. Tránsitos de identidad entre la esfera de aparición y su envés
Authors: Martínez María
Published: October 2024

La condición de la prostitución o el trabajo sexual es de tránsito permanente: entre formas de ejercicio, entre lugares de práctica y de residencia, y particularmente entre nombres. Ese tránsito también es entre nombres; quien ejerce la prostitución no suele tener sólo un nombre, sino al menos dos: el de su registro de origen, el del acta de nacimiento, el de pila que es el de los vínculos familiares, y el de “guerra” que es el que se usa en el ejercicio de la prostitución. Este último protege del estigma de la prostitución escondiendo la práctica, pero también la identidad. El primero debería ser el nombre de la esfera de aparición y el segundo el de su envés. A partir de conversaciones más o menos formales con prostitutas en España y Brasil, así como con algunas personas que las asisten, trabajo sobre esos tránsitos proponiendo que los de nombre y de identidad son, al tiempo, protectores de una misma y provocadores de un desdibujamiento de la diferencia entre la esfera de aparición y su envés.
Telecoria
Authors: Rozas Elizalde Ixiar
Published: October 2024

La telecoria es la capacidad que tienen las plantas de esparcir lejos sus semillas para hacer espacio entre ellas. Las semillas, tan infinitesimales, tan sabias, contienen un potencial que apenas se acierta a nombrar. Esparcen lo que son, y esparcen también lo que en ellas se escucha y suena para que irradie y vibre bien lejos. Este texto es la composición de una serie de ritmos. Parte de dos poemas escritos en euskera y castellano. Y continua con reflexiones sobre la imaginación que, al igual que las semillas, se esparce de cuerpo a cuerpo, para hacer más espacio entre las palabras y sus sonidos, entre las cosas que aún no tienen nombre.
Espacios eclesiales de los pactos de gobierno en la Castilla Trastámara
Authors: Nieto Soria José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Se ha planteado como hipótesis la conexión entre la utilización de espacios sagrados y el proceso de construcción del poder político en el tránsito del medievo a la modernidad. Tal interpretación se aborda en este trabajo para el caso de la dinastía Trastámara en Castilla bajo la perspectiva concreta de la utilización de esos espacios con relación a los procesos de negociación conducentes a la consecución de pactos de gobierno. La recurrente presencia de estos pactos en la vida política de la época considerada ofrece la oportunidad de acercarse al problema de la relación entre espacio y poder.
El recurso al pacto en las guerras de los arzobispos de Santiago con la nobleza gallega de mediados del siglo XV
Authors: González Nieto Diego
Published: October 2024

En este artículo, se analiza el recurso al pacto en las “guerras privadas” o violencias horizontales entre los miembros de la aristocracia a partir de un estudio de caso particularizado: las guerras que mantuvieron los arzobispos de Santiago con los nobles gallegos en las décadas centrales del siglo XV. Se pretende observar y destacar los distintos objetivos para los que los contendientes recurrieron al pacto en el transcurso de las principales fases del ciclo conflictivo. El objetivo es comprobar cómo el pacto se trató de un instrumento de actuación útil y versátil durante este tipo de conflictos, tanto con fines defensivos y pacificadores como ofensivos y tácticos. Finalmente, se va a valorar la eficacia de los pactos bilaterales entre los contendientes en los procesos de pacificación, y el rol que estos pactos adquirieron ante la definitiva intermediación de la monarquía para liquidar el ciclo conflictivo.
Consejo y pacto en la Crónica de los Reyes Católicos de Fernando del Pulgar
Authors: Rábade Obradó María del Pilar
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo pretende ofrecer una primera aproximación a la forma en que los consejos solicitados y recibidos por los Reyes Católicos, bien a través del Consejo Real, bien por mediación de los personajes más relevantes de su entorno, favorecieron el pacto y el consenso. Para ello, se va a utilizar la crónica de Fernando del Pulgar, tan próximo a los soberanos, analizándose desde los inicios del reinado hasta el punto de inflexión de la guerra de sucesión, marcado por el fallido viaje de Alfonso V de Portugal a Francia para invocar la ayuda de Luis XI. Se probará la importancia que a lo largo de esa etapa tuvo el asesoramiento que recibieron los Reyes Católicos, que permitió desarrollar negociaciones que dieron lugar a pactos de gran relevancia. También se estudiará la visión moral y ética que Pulgar ofrece de las prácticas consiliarias, contraponiendo las desarrolladas en torno a los Reyes Católicos y las vinculadas con sus principales adversarios.
Demographic and comorbid factors associated with the development of medication overuse headache
Authors: Kniazeva Ia. A. , Gilev D. V. , Osipova V. V. , Lebedeva E. R.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of factors associated with the development of medication overuse headache (MOH), considering demographic characteristics of patients and comorbid pathology.

Material and methods. A prospective study was conducted at "Europe–Asia" International Medical Center. The main group comprised patients with primary headache (HA) aged 18 years and older with MOH, and the control group comprised patients with primary HA without MOH of comparable gender and age. A semi-structured interview was conducted with the patients and additional examinations were performed, including MRI of the brain if indicated. The study included 171 patients with MOH (mean age 43.3 years, 82% women) and 173 patients without MOH (mean age 41.4 years, 75% women).

Results. Chronic migraine occurred more frequently in the MOH group (53 and 16%, respectively; p<0.001; OR 5.9; 95% CI 3.6–9.8). One third of patients in both groups suffered from chronic tension-type headache (CTH). Episodic migraine and episodic CTH occurred more frequently in patients without MOH (p<0.001). Patients in the MOH group were more frequently divorced (11.7 and 2.9%, respectively; p=0.002; OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.6–12.2). The majority of patients (76%) in both groups were employed, had a higher education (65% with MOH and 74% without MOH) and were married (63% with MOH and 72% without MOH).The analysis of more than 20 comorbid diseases revealed that three factors were most frequently associated with the development of MOH: chronic insomnia (60.2 and 47.4% respectively; p=0.02; OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.6), restless legs syndrome (37.4 and 22% respectively; p=0.002; OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3–3.4) and subjective cognitive impairment (76 and 53.2% respectively; p<0.001; OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8–4.8).

Conclusion. Sleep disturbance, subjective cognitive impairment and marital status of patients are most frequently associated with MOH, indicating the great importance of these factors in the development of MOH and opening new opportunities for its prevention.
Episodic syndromes associated with migraine (clinical and epidemiological study in pediatric practice)
Authors: Zhmyleva P. V. , Tabeeva G. R. , Sergeev A. V.
Published: October 2024

Migraine in children can manifest itself in non-pain clinical phenotypes, among which several episodic syndromes associated with migraine (ESAM) are identified. A significant association with the later development of migraine was found for infantile colic syndrome, benign torticollis, abdominal migraine (AM), cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV).

Objective: to identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of childhood ESAM and its association with migraine.

Material and methods. The study was conducted in Tambov Children's Clinical Hospital. A total of 250 children were included in the study: 120 (48%) girls and 130 (52%) boys aged 5 to 18 years (mean age 13±2.9 years, median age 13 [11; 15] years) with headache complaints. The diagnosis of ESAM was made according to the ICHD-3 criteria.

Results. ESAM was observed in 95 (38%) patients aged 5–18 years. An analysis of the prevalence of ESAM in the different age groups showed that in children aged 5–10 years CVS (n=12; 4.8%) was more common than AM (n=6; 2.4%) and BPV (n=5; 2%). In the group of 11–14 year-old children, the frequency of AM clearly predominated (n=11; 4.4%), while in the group of 15–18 year-old adolescents, BPV (n=15; 6%) was observed more frequently compared to CVS (n=9; 3.5%) and AM (n=5; 2%).

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a high incidence of ESAM in child and adolescent patients of somatic and neurological hospitals. The data obtained show the importance of timely diagnosis and correct treatment of ESAM.
Gastric stasis in migraine and the efficacy of antimigraine drugs
Authors: Tabeeva G. R. , Kharitonova A. A.
Published: October 2024

Migraine is characterized by severe headache attacks with the development of accompanying symptoms. Among the most common are nausea and vomiting, which limit the intake of oral medications and thus reduce the speed of onset of pain relief and the efficacy of treatment in general. The development of gastric stasis in migraine is considered to be one of the most important reasons for the delayed absorption and inconsistent effect of oral triptans. The rapid action of triptans in the form of orally dispersible tablets, efficacy in relieving pain and accompanying symptoms, and ease of administration make this form favorable as a first-line agent for the relief of migraine attacks.
Kepatuhan Implementasi UNSCR 1325 oleh Korea Selatan Sebagai Upaya Memulihkan Kehormatan Korban Comfort Woman Sekaligus Peningkatan Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Isu Reunifikasi
Authors: Rahmi Velia
Published: October 2024

South Korea is a country that has experienced a period of conflict related to war crimes against women. During the Japanese occupation, many South Korean women were victims of the Japanese sexual policy system, known as comfort women. Meanwhile the South Korean government, which had experienced the problems of the civil war that occurred on the Korean peninsula, also had a bad impact on its women. Departing from these problems, the South Korean government decided to adopt UNSCR 1325 and formulate a RAN for its implementation in 2014. UNSCR 1325 is a resolution from the UN Security Council which regulates efforts to increase women's involvement in recovery as well as efforts to protect women in conflict situations. In line with the views of liberal feminism, UNSCR 1325 exists as an international media in bridging women so that they can act together with men in helping to achieve peace. The focus of this research is the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the second period of South Korea's NAP for 2018-2020. The purpose of this study is to explain how South Korea implemented UNSCR 1325 in helping women, peace and security issues in their country. This researcher will use the compliance theory by Ronald B. Mitchell by using the Public Policy Trichotomy (Output, Outcomes, Impact) to analyze the implementation of UNSCR 1325 by South Korea into its country's NAP, especially for the second period of NAP 2018-2020. This study illustrates that the implementation of UNSCR 1325 for the second period of NAP by South Korea is still ongoing until the results are compiled and has not shown a significant impact. This is partly due to the limited resources in implementing the implementation of this resolution in South Korea.
PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN RASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH TINGKOK TERHADAP ETNIS UIGHUR DI XINJIANG 2014 - 2019
Authors: Zahrah Fatimatuh
Published: October 2024

In 2014 an act of terror shocked Chinese citizen. After investigation, it was found that this crime was committed by few Uighurs’ descendants. This situation had made China strengthened its national security by implementing Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies in Xinjiang which predominantly inhabited by Uighurs. At first both policies were directed to maintain Chinese national security, but the aim shifted when China launched One Belt One Road program and fortifying it control in Xinjiang in order to maximize economic beneficial. This research use literature review as data gathering technic complemented by Decision Making Theory and National Security Concept to explain the reason of Chinese Government policy toward the Uighurs. The act of terror in 2014 who committed by few Uighurs’ triggered President Xi Jinping to focusing in security sector in order to maintain national stability. Decision to enforce Strike Hard Against Extremist Terrorism and Reeducation Policies at first intended to maintain security and educate the people shifted as One Belt Road commenced. Chinese government sacrifices Uighurs in order to maximize national economic benefits.
Implementasi Kebijakan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 31 Tahun 2016 Dalam Perspektif Keamanan Lingkungan
Authors: Marpaung Sarai Casandra Yustika Martha
Published: October 2024

The state's awareness of increased growth and economic opportunities in the industrial sector encourages the state to take on roles and responsibilities so that the state intervenes in the form of regulations on the imports of non-B3 waste as raw material for the recycling industry. However, as the waste import activities were carried out, many B3 wastes were found to be entering. Researchers see that the problem of importing B3 waste needs to be seen from the point of view of implementing policies that have been formed based on the interests of the state and then finding out to what extent the state plays a role and what the results of this policy is when implemented by the state. Researchers seek to see the implementation of this policy through the role of the state concept and the perspective of Edwards III. Based on the final results, several obstacles were found in the implementation of the non-B3 waste import regulatory policy, therefore  policy did not work as expected.Keywords: the role of the state, policy implementation, imported waste.
GEJOLAK INDO-PASIFIK: ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN AUSTRALIA DALAM MERESPON ANCAMAN TIONGKOK DI KAWASAN INDO-PASIFIK
Authors: Ulum Arfa Bahrul , Windiani Reni
Published: October 2024

Australia conducts defense cooperation with Japan within the framework of the Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA). The signing of this cooperation was carried out online on January 6, 2022. The signing of this defense cooperation is the second in a period of 6 months after previously Australia did it with the United States and Britain. Meanwhile in the Indo-Pacific, China continues to exert influence in the region and carries out several threatening activities. This research will try to explain the phenomenon between Australia and Japan and its relationship with China. This research will use the formulation of the problem "Why does Australia carry out defense cooperation with Japan through a Reciprocal Access Agreement?". The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method and uses the balance of threat theory. The findings in this study are that Australia is conducting defense cooperation with Japan through the RAA because there are threats made by China against Australia so that Australia is carrying out this cooperation as a form of response to increase strength over the threats that are present. As for suggestions for further research to develop it by discussing further about the implementation of this RAA cooperation.
Analisa Kegagalan Upaya Perdamaian Turki Dengan Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) Tahun 2009-2015
Authors: Andika Sheila Rosi , Hanura Marten
Published: October 2024

The prolonged separatist conflict that the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK) had with the Turkish government was caused by the failure of peace efforts between the two sides, hence raising questions about what caused the failure of the peace effort. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the factors behind the failure of peace efforts between Turkey and the PKK that occurred in 2009-2015. Using Charles Kupchan’s stable peace theory. The article argued that the failure of the peace effort was due to Turkey’s and the PKK’s lack of compliance with Kupchan’s stable peace criteria and conditions, as well as the failure of the peace process at the unilateral accommodation stage as both sides did not trust each other’s commitments. Turkey assumed that if it continued the negotiation process, the PKK would increase their demands. Meanwhile, PKK assumed that the Turkish government was not serious about dealing with the Kurdish Question so that the peace effort was deadlocked.
DARI SWISS KE IRAN: “DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG GERAKAN SOSIAL PEMENUHAN HAM BAGI PEREMPUAN IRAN MELALUI NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION SWISS”
Authors: Br. Haloho Mutiara Agustin
Published: October 2024

The struggle for equal rights for women existed before the Islamic Revolution. To ensure that there are gender interests which are important in fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in social life.This study is seek to answer the actions of Iranian women as a society that has the same position and status and is able to contribute in the political field and women's participation to be able to participate in the political field and which is supported by Swiss women's institutions to elevate the role of women in Iran after the revolution through Non-Government Organization.This study uses the theory of Liberal Feminism which is one of the theories of International Relations in supporting the fulfillment of human rights for women. The results of the study show that the presence of Switzerland encourages the fulfillment of human rights for Iranian women. Switzerland has been present in Iran for 40 years and is a country of communication between the US and Iran together by supporting the fulfillment of Iranian women's human rights through NGOs and the existence of CEDAW as a convention on women's human rights, there is still a gap in human rights between men and women in Iran.
Oxidized-LDL and Fe3+/Ascorbic Acid-Induced Oxidative Modifications and Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Human Platelets are Reduced by Melatonin
Authors: Sener Azize , Ozsavci D. , Bingol-Ozakpinar O. , Cevik O. , Yanikkaya‐Demirel G. , Yardimci T.
Published: October 2024

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modifications and platelet activation are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. When platelets are exposed to oxidative stress, they become activated. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and metal-catalysed oxidation systems such as Fe3+/ascorbic acid increase free radical production. We wanted to verify whether melatonin has a protective effect against oxidative modifications and phosphatidylserine externalization in platelets induced by ox-LDL and Fe3+/ascorbic acid. For in vitro effects of melatonin on platelets, ADPactivated platelets were incubated with ox-LDL or Fe3+/ascorbic acid for 1 h at 37 °C with or without melatonin. Then platelet malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and glutathione levels were measured. Platelet phosphatidylserine exposure was measured with annexin-V using flow cytometry. Malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and phosphatidylserine levels of platelets treated with Fe3+/ascorbic acid significantly increased compared to the control group. Glutathione contents of Fe3+/ascorbic acid-treated platelets significantly decreased. Melatonin pre-treatment of Fe3+/ascorbic acid-treated platelets caused a marked reduction in malondialdehyde and phosphatidylserine levels and a marked increase in glutathione levels. Melatonin also caused non-significant reduction in protein carbonyl contents of Fe3+/ascorbic acid-treated platelets. Malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and phosphatidylserine levels of platelets treated with ox-LDL also significantly increased compared to the control group. Platelet glutathione levels non-significantly decreased with ox-LDL. With addition of melatonin, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and phosphatidylserine levels of platelets treated with ox-LDL significantly decreased. These data suggest that melatonin may protect platelets from iron overload-induced and ox-LDL-induced oxidative modifications and also from the triggering signals of apoptosis activation, possibly due to its scavenger effect on toxic free radicals.
Effect of Culture Substrate and Culture Conditions on Lens Epithelial Cell Proliferation and α-smooth Muscle Actin Expression
Authors: Mahelková Gabriela , Bačáková L. , Korynta J. , Vajner L. , Vytásek R.
Published: October 2024

The most common complication following cataract surgery is posterior capsule opacification. This results from migration, proliferation and transdifferentiation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs). We studied the effect of several culture substrates and culture conditions on LEC proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. We used primary and secondary cultures of porcine LECs cultivated on collagen I, collagen IV, microscopic glass slides, and uncoated plastic dishes. We studied the cell proliferation and expression of α-SMA and α-, β-, and γ-crystallins. The effect of the medium exchange protocol was studied using the TOTL-86 rabbit epithelial lens cell line. There was no difference in growth characteristics of primary cultures on different substrates. In secondary cultures, LECs adhered better to collagen-coated surfaces. The culture substrate influenced LEC proliferation and α-SMA expression. The proliferation was greater when the medium was changed than when extra medium was added on the 4th day. The cells did not synthesize α-, βor γ-crystallin. The culture substrate influences the adhesion ability, proliferation and α-SMA expression in lens epithelial cells. In addition, it is necessary to consider the effects of the medium exchange protocol, serum supplementation, cell density and other cell culture conditions in lens epithelial cell experiments.
Molecular characterization of Begomovirus and Beta satellite virus associated with leaf curl disease of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in southern parts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: N. Rajinimala  , J. Muthamil Kumaran  , K. Elanchezhyan  , E. Santhoshinii  , M. Theradimani  , M.I. Manivannan  , J. Sheela
Published: October 2024

Chilli is one of the widely cultivated commercial vegetable crops in India. Chilli leaf curl is the most devasting disease and causes a yield loss of 100 per cent in Chilli. Fourteen begomovirus species cause chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD). An extensive survey was carried out in 2023 to determine the prevalence of the leaf curl disease of Chilli caused by begomovirus in major chilli-growing areas of the Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu. During the survey, 21 isolates of begomovirus infecting Chilli were collected. Among the 21 isolates, the isolate collected from Kalakudi village (BV-KI) exhibited severe symptoms.DNA extracted from 21 isolates of begomovirus were subjected to PCR by using Rojas universal primers, Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) Coat protein primers and beta satellite virus primers and obtained 1380 bp, 1100 bp and 1400 bp amplicons of top and coat protein region of DNA-A of begomovirus, Chilli leaf curl virus coat protein region and beta satellite virus associated with ChiLCV respectively. The 1380 bp, 1100 bp and 1400 bp amplicons obtained from the BV-KI isolate were sequenced and submitted to the NCBI. The sequences were blast analyzed, and it showed that the nucleotide sequence of the top and coat protein region of DNA-A of begomovirus and CP gene of ChiLCV BV-KI isolate was found to have 90.61 and 99.78% similarity with Bhavanisagar (NC 055130.1) isolate respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the beta satellite virus of BV-KI isolate was found to have 99.93% similarity with the Chilli leaf curl beta satellite virus Meerut (MH355642.1) isolate.