bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome and osteoporosis
Authors: Li Sucheng , Mao Yubo , Zhou Feng , Yang Huilin , Shi Qin , Meng Bin
Published: August 2020

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by the decrease of bone tissue per unit volume under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors, which leads to the decrease of bone strength, makes the bone brittle, and raises the possibility of bone fracture. However, the exact mechanism that determines the progression of OP remains to be underlined. There are hundreds of trillions of symbiotic bacteria living in the human gut, which have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body that helps to maintain human health. With the development of modern high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms, there has been growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the programming of bone metabolism. In the present review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of the gut microbiome in the development of OP, such as alterations of bone metabolism, bone mineral absorption, and immune regulation. The potential of gut microbiome-targeted strategies in the prevention and treatment of OP was also evaluated.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):524–530.
El cuadro socioestructural emergente de la ‘actualización’ en cuba:
retos a la equidad social
Authors: Prieto Mayra Espina , León Dayma Echevarría
Published: August 2020

El proyecto político y social en el poder en Cuba, coloca como meta del
desarrollo, la eliminación de las desigualdades de clase y la inclusión social
plena. De esta forma, un eje imprescindible para juzgar el carácter de los
cambios en curso es evaluar su calidad regresiva o progresiva en términos de los
avances de igualdad social. Este texto se involucra en tal evaluación,
explorando dos ángulos: el modelo de estructura social implícito en la
‘actualización’ (los mecanismos de funcionamiento de las políticas y programas
sociales que introduce) y su efecto de modificación del cuadro sociestructural
precedente. A partir de la revisión de los documentos programáticos del cambio y
el análisis de estadísticas públicas, el trabajo muestra que el programa de
reformas ha sido confrontado por vía técnica y política con muy diversos actores
y logra responder en gran medida a recomendaciones realizadas por la academia y
por la población. Sin embargo, presenta omisiones importantes, en el ámbito
estratégico, de algunos aspectos de elevada fuerza en la estructuración de
desigualdades como las situaciones de pobreza y los mecanismos sociales que la
(re) producen de forma estructural, los procesos de exclusión social para el
acceso a oportunidades laborales, de ingreso, y hábitat, entre otras, que tienen
entre sus causas las desigualdades de raza y género. Herramientas de
discriminación positivas, de mayor diapasón para los grupos que van quedando
rezagados, constituyen elementos subtratados en la plataforma programática del
proceso de actualización. El cuadro sociestructural resultante alerta sobre el
resultado de tal reconfiguración, la que se acompaña de un ensanchamiento de las
brechas de equidad y de la resistencia de la pobreza y las desventajas. Para que
esta etapa de reconfiguración logre mejorar desempeños de equidad y no dañarlos
seriamente, debería fortalecer la actuación de la política social sobre los
determinantes estructurales de la reproducción de las desigualdades y las
desventajas tanto a nivel micro como a nivel macrosocial.
¿Es el descenso de la actividad económica de la población un fenomeno
temporal en cuba?
Authors: Espiñeira Juan Carlos Albizu-Campos
Published: August 2020

El artículo analiza la evolución histórica reciente de la actividad económica de
la población, así como el efecto que ha producido sobre la disponibilidad de
recursos laborales y de extinción del bono demográfico, como consecuencia de la
pérdida de la capacidad de reemplazo de la población económicamente activa,
resultado no del envejecimiento demográfico, sino de la declinación secular de
la participación económica de la población, dada la incapacidad del modelo
económico de absorber los recursos que la población pone a su disposición.
Weaponizing Citizenship in China: Domestic Exclusion and Transnational Expansion
Authors: Burnay Matthieu , Pils Eva
Published: August 2020

This paper offers a critical and historical analysis of the transformation of citizenship in China in a way that challenges both legal orientalism and the overall discourse on Chinese “characteristics” and “exceptionalism”. It aims to uncover how citizenship has been transformed “structurally” (Solinger 1999) as well as through “acts of citizenship” (Jakimow 2012). The paper will therefore not only look at how the One-Party State defines citizenship, uses it as an instrument of repression and population control, but also how citizens themselves can contribute to a new narrative on citizenship and driver of contestation in China. The paper will argue that the transformation of citizenship has contributed to the reinforcement of the fragmented and transnational nature of Chinese citizenship.
The Staging of the Hidden: Interrogating an Ambivalent Response to a Crime Against Humanity
Authors: Durbach Andrea
Published: August 2020

In December 2018, a former member of a white supremacist group and perpetrator of a violent crime, Stefaans Coetzee participated in a panel discussion at a reconciliation conference in South Africa. In 1996, Coetzee was a key executioner of a bombing which killed four people and injured 67. After pleading guilty, Coetzee was sentenced to 40 years in jail and 20 years later, he was released on parole. Thirty years earlier, 25 black South Africans were convicted of the “necklace” murder of a black policeman. Fourteen of the 25 were sentenced to death. On appeal, a majority of the murder convictions were overturned and all the death sentences commuted.

Drawing on these two cases, this essay explores contrasting responses to engaging with perpetrators of political violence through the lens of implication. It examines the shifting boundaries of legitimacy in the realm of political crime and analyses the underlying influences and imperatives of accountability for crimes against humanity committed under apartheid and in a nascent post-conflict state.
The Ambiguities of Amending Historical Injustices and Espousing a Shared Collective Memory: The WWII Forced Labour Narratives in Germany and Japan
Authors: Hein Patrick
Published: August 2020

This paper examines WWII forced labour memory politics in Germany and Japan by drawing from Barkan’s concept of amending historical injustices. After lengthy negotiations, Germany reached in 2000 a milestone agreement compensating victims individually, while in Japan, settlements, consolation payments and apologies have been overshadowed by a revival of revisionist historical narratives and victim denial. It is argued that the official recognition of forced labour as historical injustice made a mutually acceptable outcome possible in Germany and helped to shape a genuine historical memory in victim nations. In Japan, by contrast, an alliance of politicians, bureaucrats and academics has been reconsecrating revisionism as official position. The revisionist inability to recognize victims and admit mistakes has implications for South Korea as the rift between right-wing pro-revisionists and left-wing nationalists divides the country and prevents the formation of a shared collective memory. Unintended consequences have dimmed prospects for a settlement.
Scheduled Castes, Dalits and Criminalisation by ‘descent’
Authors: Akhtar Zia
Published: August 2020

The Scheduled Castes/“Dalits” represent the “untouchables” in India's constitutional framework and are traditionally outside the four-tiered rung of the Hindu religion. The notion of “superiority, pollution and separateness” is ingrained in the stratification of caste and the victim complex is subsumed in the unwritten public code. Despite the safeguards in the constitution and affirmative legislation they still suffer from institutional discrimination and structural violence inherent in the caste system. It takes the form of hierarchy which is an intrinsic part of the Hindu faith and the Dalits are employed in occupations such as human scavenging. The prevalence of caste discrimination in the rural areas of India makes for any affirmative legislation to be ineffective for the majority of the population. The issue has been magnified in recent times by the ascension of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) into power which has retrenched Hindutva, with the consequence that Dalits who convert from Hinduism to Islam or Christianity have to forfeit access to welfare benefits. This paper analyses the cause of the institutional discrimination that criminalizes the Dalit communities and the lack of impact of the legal protections afforded to them. It will argue that the victimization of the “untouchables” will continue because of the rigid caste structure, lack of enforcement of legal protection in villages, economic privilege and the resort to ideology of the current government.
Dynamic time domain near-infrared optical tomography based on a SPAD camera
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Costanzo Mata Aldo Di , Lindner Scott , Charbon Edoardo , Wolf Martin , Kalyanov Alexander
Published: August 2020

In many clinical applications it is relevant to observe dynamic changes in oxygenation. Therefore the ability of dynamic imaging with time domain (TD) near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) will be important. But fast imaging is a challenge. The data acquisition of our handheld TD NIROT system based on single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera and 11 light sources was consequently accelerated. We tested the system on a diffusive medium simulating tissue with a moving object embedded. With 3D image reconstruction, the moving object was correctly located using only 0.2 s exposure time per source.
Optimizing sensitivity and dynamic range of silicon photomultipliers for frequency-domain near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kitsmiller Vincent J. , Campbell Chris , O’Sullivan Thomas D.
Published: August 2020

Diffuse optical imaging and tomography based upon frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS) is used to noninvasively measure tissue structure and function through quantitative absolute measurements of tissue optical absorption and scattering. Here we describe how utilizing a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detector for fdNIRS improves performance. We discuss the operation of SiPMs, how they differ from other fdNIRS photodetectors, and show theoretically that SiPMs offer similar sensitivity to photomultiplier tube (PMT) detectors while having a higher dynamic range and lower cost, size, and operating voltage. With respect to avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors, theoretical and experimental data shows drastically increased signal to noise ratio performance, up to 25dB on human breast, head, and muscle tissue. Finally, we extend the dynamic range (∼10dB) of the SiPM through a nonlinear calibration technique which reduced absorption error by a mean 16 percentage points.
Spatial frequency domain imaging for the longitudinal monitoring of vascularization during mouse femoral graft healing
Authors: Ren Jingxuan , Ramirez Gabriel A. , Proctor Ashley R. , Wu Tong Tong , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Choe Regine
Published: August 2020

Allograft is the current gold standard for treating critical-sized bone defects. However, allograft healing is usually compromised partially due to poor host-mediated vascularization. In the efforts towards developing new methods to enhance allograft healing, a non-terminal technique for monitoring the vascularization is needed in pre-clinical mouse models. In this study, we developed a non-invasive instrument based on spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) for longitudinal monitoring of the mouse femoral graft healing. SFDI technique provided total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and oxygen saturation (StO2) of the graft and the surrounding soft tissues. SFDI measurements were performed from 1 day before to 44 days after graft transplantation. Autograft, another type of bone graft with higher vascularization potential was also measured as a comparison to allograft. For both grafts, the overall temporal changes of the measured THC agreed with the physiological expectations of vascularization timeline during bone healing. A significantly greater increase in THC was observed in the autograft group compared to the allograft group, which agreed with the expectation that allografts have more compromised vascularization.
Machine learning-aided classification of beams carrying orbital angular momentum propagated in highly turbid water
Authors: Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Watnik Abbie T. , Lindle James R. , Judd K. Peter , Esposito Joel M.
Published: August 2020

A set of laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum is designed with
the objective of establishing an effective underwater communication
link. Messages are constructed using unique Laguerre–Gauss beams,
which can be combined to represent four bits of information. We report
on the experimental results where the beams are transmitted through
highly turbid water, reaching approximately 12 attenuation lengths. We
measured the signal-to-noise ratio in each test scenario to provide
characterization of the underwater environment. A convolutional neural
network was developed to decode the received images with the objective
of successfully classifying messages quickly. We demonstrate
near-perfect classification in all scenarios, provided the training
set includes some images taken under the same underwater
conditions.
Towards subpicosecond pulses from solid target plasma based seeded soft X-ray laser
Authors: Pandey Alok Kumar , Papagiannouli Irene , Sanson Fabrice , Baynard Elsa , Demailly Julien , Kazamias Sophie , Pittman Moana , Neveu Olivier , Lucas Bruno , Le Marec Andrea , Klisnick Annie , Calisti Annette , Larroche Olivier , Ros David , Guilbaud Olivier
Published: August 2020

We investigate the coherence of plasma-based soft X-ray laser (XRL) for different conditions that can alter the electron density in the gain region. We first measure the source temporal coherence in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) mode. We develop a data analysis procedure to extract both its spectral width and pulse duration. These findings are in agreement with the spectral line shape simulations and seeded operation experimental results. Utilizing the deduced spectral width and pulse duration in a one-dimensional Bloch-Maxwell code, we reproduce the experimental temporal coherence properties of the seeded-XRL. Finally, we demonstrate efficient lasing in ASE and seeded mode at an electron density two times higher than the routine conditions. In this regime, using Bloch-Maxwell modeling, we predict the pulse duration of the seeded XRL to be ∼500fs.
Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy exploiting a fast and wideband electro-mechanical light modulator
Authors: Zheng Huadan , Liu Yihua , Lin Haoyang , Kan Ruifeng , Dong Lei , Zhu Wenguo , Fang Junbin , Yu Jianhui , Tittel Frank K , Chen Zhe
Published: August 2020

A quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) gas sensor exploiting a fast and wideband electro-mechanical light modulator was developed. The modulator was designed based on the electro-mechanical effect of a commercial quartz tuning fork (QTF). The laser beam was directed on the edge surface of the QTF prongs. The configuration of the laser beam and the QTF was optimized in detail in order to achieve a modulation efficiency of ∼100%. The L-band single wavelength laser diode and a C-band tunable continuous wave laser were used to verify the performance of the developed QTF modulator, respectively, realizing a QEPAS sensor based on amplitude modulation (AM). As proof of concept, the AM-based QEPAS sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 45 ppm for H2O and 50 ppm for CO2 with a 1 s integration time respectively.
Miniature all-optical flexible forward-viewing photoacoustic endoscopy probe for surgical guidance
Authors: Ansari Rehman , Zhang Edward Z. , Desjardins Adrien E. , Beard Paul C.
Published: August 2020

A miniature flexible photoacoustic endoscopy probe that provides high-resolution 3D images of vascular structures in the forward-viewing configuration is described. A planar Fabry–Perot ultrasound sensor with a

−

3

d
B

bandwidth of 53 MHz located at the tip of the probe is interrogated via a flexible fiber bundle and a miniature optical relay system to realize an all-optical probe measuring 7.4 mm in outer diameter at the tip. This approach to photoacoustic endoscopy offers advantages over previous piezoelectric based distal-end scanning probes. These include a forward-viewing configuration in widefield photoacoustic tomography mode, finer spatial sampling (87 µm spatial sampling interval), and wider detection bandwidth (53 MHz) than has been achievable with conventional ultrasound detection technology and an all-optical passive imaging head for safe endoscopic use.
Efficient all-solid-state passively Q-switched SWIR Tm:YAP/KGW Raman laser
Authors: Perez Eytan , Sheintop Uzziel , Nahear Rotem , Marcus Gilad , Noach Salman
Published: August 2020

We present an all-passive efficient KGW Raman laser with an external-cavity configuration in the 2 µm spectral regime. The Raman laser was pumped by a passively

Q

-switched Tm:YAP laser emitting at 1935 nm. Due to the bi-axial properties of the KGW crystal, the laser exhibits stimulated Raman emission at two separate spectral lines: 2272 nm and 2343 nm. The output energies achieved at these two lines are 340 µJ/pulse and 450 µJ/pulse, accordingly. The seed to Raman laser conversion efficiencies achieved of 19.2% and 23.5%, respectively, are comparable to actively

Q

-switched laser arrangements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an efficient Raman laser in the 2 µm regime is demonstrated in a completely passive configuration.
Statistical properties of nonlinear distortion of a polarization-multiplexed OFDM signal in long-haul fiber links
Authors: Skidin A. S. , Sidelnikov O. S. , Fedoruk M. P.
Published: August 2020

We investigate nonlinear transmission regimes of a polarization-multiplexed 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16-QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal in a long-haul optical link. We study the dependence between the strength of nonlinear distortion and statistical properties of a PDM-OFDM signal. We also consider the constellation shaping-based solutions that allow to significantly reduce the bit error rate (up to three to 12 times at the cost of 5%–20% signal redundancy) and propose a method to analytically optimize the symbol distribution for higher-order modulation formats using only the initial signal.
Bifunctional tunable terahertz circular polarization converter based on Dirac semimetals and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Yang Chuanhao , Gao Qinggang , Dai Linlin , Zhang Yanliang , Zhang Huiyun , Zhang Yuping
Published: August 2020

We present a bifunctional polarization converter based on Dirac semimetals (DSMs) and vanadium dioxide (VO2), which consists of two layers of DSMs on both sides, a metal grating and a VO2 board. The polarization converter frequency is dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy level of the DSMs. The result suggests that when VO2 is in an insulated state, the device behaves as a transmissive polarization converter. The dual-band transmissive polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission (AT) function of circularly polarized (CP) waves are realized at 1.99 THz and 3.46 THz, with the polarization converter ratio (PCR) reached 97.6% and 95.8%, respectively. In addition, when VO2 is in the metal state, the designed polarization converter is a reflective device, which can maintain the chirality of the reflected CP wave to the incident wave in a wide band. The polarization-maintaining ratio (PMR) in the range of 2 THz to 3.55 THz is higher than 88%. When the angle of incidence is less than 60°, the frequency band of the PMR is narrowed and the amplitude reaches more than 90%.
Assessment of cross-train machine learning techniques for QoT-estimation in agnostic optical networks
Authors: Khan Ihtesham , Bilal Muhammad , Curri Vittorio
Published: August 2020

With the evolution of 5G technology, high definition video, virtual reality, and the internet of things (IoT), the demand for high capacity optical networks has been increasing dramatically. To support the capacity demand, low-margin optical networks engage operator interest. To engross this techno-economic interest, planning tools with higher accuracy and accurate models for the quality of transmission estimation (QoT-E) are needed. However, considering the state-of-the-art optical network’s heterogeneity, it is challenging to develop such an accurate planning tool and low-margin QoT-E models using the traditional analytical approach. Fortunately, data-driven machine-learning (ML) cognition provides a promising path. This paper reports the use of cross-trained ML-based learning methods to predict the QoT of an un-established lightpath (LP) in an agnostic network based on the retrieved data from already established LPs of an in-service network. This advanced prediction of the QoT of un-established LP in an agnostic network is a key enabler not only for the optimal planning of this network but it also provides the opportunity to automatically deploy the LPs with a minimum margin in a reliable manner. The QoT metric of the LPs are defined by the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR), which includes the effect of both amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and non-linear interference (NLI) accumulation. The real field data is mimicked by using a well reliable and tested network simulation tool GNPy. Using the generated synthetic data set, supervised ML techniques such as wide deep neural network, deep neural network, multi-layer perceptron regressor, boasted tree regressor, decision tree regressor, and random forest regressor are applied, demonstrating the GSNR prediction of an un-established LP in an agnostic network with a maximum error of 0.40 dB.
Low loss double cladding nested hollow core antiresonant fiber
Authors: Shaha Kumary Sumi Rani , Khaleque Abdul , Hasan Imran
Published: August 2020

A double cladding nested antiresonant hollow core fiber is reported in this article. We demonstrated that the addition of nested elements in the second cladding ring and the proper optimization of structural parameters lead to the loss reduction by more than five orders. The numerical simulation exhibits a loss of less than ∼ 0.1 dB/km over the O, E, S, C, L telecom bands, with the minimum loss of 0.001 dB/km at 1.40 µm wavelength with a fiber core diameter of 33 µm. The fiber also shows a better performance in terms of bending loss as well as single modeness, and may have effective applications in a telecommunication system.
Laccase and Manganese Peroxidase (MnP) Activities in the White-Rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta in Response to Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Nuryana Isa , Ilmiah Zidny , Andriani Ade , Yopi Yopi
Published: August 2020

The current interest in exploring white-rot fungi has been concentrated in increasing their ligninolityc enzyme production such as laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) due to the great value in industrial application. The presence of appropiate inducers can enhance the enzyme production. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate the activity of  laccase and MnP in response to various aromatic compounds. The fungus Trametes hirsuta was cultured in Glucose Yeast Peptone (GYP) broth (pH 5.0) with the addition of 0.5% of sorghum biomass as substrate. The cultures were then incubated on rotary shaker at 150 rpm at 27oC. The 7-day-old cultures were then supplemented with different aromatic compounds, namely caffeic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, vanillin, and veratryl alcohol. Our results demonstrated that veratryl alcohol, gallic acid and vanillin gave an inductive effect on the value of laccase and MnP activities, with vanillin showing the highest induction. On the contrary, the level of laccase and MnP activities remained low in the presence of aromatic compound such as syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid and caffeic acid. To conclude, our study reveals that aromatic compounds can be potential as inducers and may contribute to the improvement of laccase and MnP productivity by T. hirsuta.
Field Evaluation Of Conde Progenies With Early Heading Date And Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Blight
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Prasetiyono Joko , Dadang Ahmad , Tasliah Tasliah , Masumah Masumah
Published: August 2020

Heading date is one of key traits in rice adaptation to different environments. Rice with early maturity is very useful for increasing rice production extensively especially in Indonesia. The improvement of rice variety Conde for heading date and resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) was developed through Marker Assisted Backcrossing approach (MAB). Xa7 derived from Conde as recipient parents for resistance to BLB and Hd2 gene derived from Nipponbare as a donor parent for heading date. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of heading date and agronomic traits of 85 BC2F4 lines in two field stations, Sukamandi (West Java) and Maros (South Sulawesi). Molecular analysis of Xa7 on chromosome 6 and Hd2 gene on chromosome 7 and agronomic performance was evaluated. Foreground analysis resulted 41% for Xa7 and 66.7% for Hd2 gene in homozygous condition. The majority of lines have similar heading date and yield with Conde and more resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) than Conde. Six lines flowered earlier 5 days than Conde in Sukamandi and three lines flowered earlier 3 days in Maros. Twelve lines with flowered earlier than Conde, resistance to BLB and similar yield with Conde were selected for background analysis resulted 93% genome recovery. These lines would be further evaluated in preliminary yield trail for their stability.
Long-Term Self-Expandable Metal Stent (SEMS) for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Picture of the Natural History
Authors: Santos Sara , Simões Guilherme , Lemos Joana , Saiote Joana , Loureiro Rafaela , Seves Isabel
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:

We aim to discuss the utility of self-expandable esophageal metal stent (SEMS) in variceal bleeding in challenging cases.

METHODS:

Case description, discussion on patient management and decision-making process in an uncommon situation, from a multidisciplinary point of view.

RESULTS:

We report a case of a cirrhotic patient with refractory variceal bleeding who underwent a SEMS placement, which remained in situ for 9 months. This decision was based on the initial poor status and short life expectancy, limiting the consideration of other options for lowering portal hypertension, along with an underlying prothrombotic predisposition. However, the patient's general and hepatic improvement and the development of dysphagia led to the SEMS removal, exposing a large esophageal–tracheal fistula.

DISCUSSION:

Early patient evaluation, risks of long-term SEMS, and life expectancy should be taken in consideration before SEMS placement.
Arte anarquista no pós-Segunda Guerra: The Living Theatre e Laboratório de Ensaios
Authors: Tolentino Gonçalves Felipe Cláudia
Published: August 2020

Por meio de dois movimentos artísticos ocorridos no pós-Segunda Guerra (The Living Theatre e Laboratório de Ensaios), este artigo analisa a maneira como os anarquistas promoveram ações de transgressão e de experimentação da utopia anárquica. As práticas artísticas permitiram a construção de um campo de experimentação no qual as ideias libertárias poderiam ser efetivadas, vivenciadas e propagadas, minando os desdobramentos e valores associados à guerra, como trevas, fronteiras e individualismo. Essa concepção de arte, fundamentada na aliança entre estética e vida, não partiu de uma elaboração exclusivamente anarquista, mas foi apropriada pelos militantes como forma de combate à alienação e ao autoritarismo da sociedade vigente. A estética, com seu inesgotável potencial para instruir e incentivar a ação, tornou-se uma ferramenta de estímulo da sensibilidade libertária.
O U dy grudy na Distanteresina: tropicália, contracultura e a moderna canção popular no Piauí
Authors: Carvalho Medeiros Hermano
Published: August 2020

Em 1973, um grupo de jovens estreou em Teresina o espetáculo U dy grudy... ou como diz Daniel Más, referido na imprensa como o “primeiro show montado no Piauí”. Além das apresentações musicais, ele contou com leituras de poemas, intervenções teatrais e improvisos cênicos que mesclavam os arcaísmos e as modernidades culturais brasileiras numa espécie de happening tropicalista-contracultural. Neste artigo procura-se evidenciar ― mais do que pensar as influências dos tropicalistas e da contracultura na periferia do mercado de bens culturais nacional ― as apropriações e fabricações simbólicas no processo de produção e criação desse evento. Mais ainda, buscase ressaltar como, então, a canção popular foi tomada como expressão não apenas de consumo estético ou de entretenimento, mas também como instrumento de elaboração crítica e veículo de proposição de determinadas visões de mundo no panorama das artes do Brasil daqueles anos. E, nesse contexto, U dy grudy pode ser visto como um prelúdio da constituição da moderna canção popular piauiense.
Novas performances públicas. Os clubes Athleticos e a educação do corpo (Rio de Janeiro, 1884-1889)
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: August 2020

No Rio de Janeiro, fundado na década de 1870, o British and American Club foi a primeira sociedade dedicada aos “esportes atléticos”, primórdios do atletismo. Dirigido por britânicos, a princípio somente anglófonos participavam das provas de corridas, saltos, arremessos e jogos diversos. No início dos anos 1880, brasileiros começaram a também competir, bem como organizar agremiações próprias. A partir de 1884, houve uma expansão dessas iniciativas. Este estudo teve por objetivo discutir as experiências dos clubs athleticos criados na Corte entre 1884 e 1889. O intuito foi perceber como suas atividades se constituíram em um processo não formal de educação. Como fontes, foram utilizados periódicos publicados na capital nacional. Ao final, se concluiu que a modalidade apresentou novos usos do corpo na cena pública, algo que envolveu os competidores a exibirem uma nova compleição muscular, mas também a assistência que deveria aprender a se vestir e se comportar nas tribunas.
Os dois Brasis: o rural e o urbano nas publicações e pesquisas do Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (1956-1964)
Authors: Gouvêa Fernando César Ferreira
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem como objeto de estudo as publicações e pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (CBPE) - no período de 1956 a 1964 - que tiveram como centralidade as relações entre Educação e Sociedade numa trama que conduziu ao cotejamento entre o “mundo rural” e o “mundo urbano” numa perspectiva histórica, educacional e sociológica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa histórica e documental com aportes da História Cultural no que tange aos impressos do CBPE como estratégia de legitimação institucional no campo da pesquisa no arco de tempo em tela. Os objetivos estão assentados na compreensão da metodologia de pesquisa utilizada pelo CBPE, no trabalho de campo realizado pelos/as pesquisadores/as na construção dos relatórios finais de pesquisa e no exame destes relatórios. As fontes utilizadas para a sustentação desta tese são a Revista Educação e Ciências Sociais, o Boletim Mensal do CBPE e os livros publicados pela instituição. Desta forma, temos a seguinte problematização: como resultados e ações de desdobramentos das pesquisas, a instituição manteve-se no posicionamento tradicional e dicotômico de um mundo urbano como signo de progresso e um mundo rural como sinônimo de atraso ou abriu espaço para um pensamento  e ações pedagógicas plurais em consonância com um olhar menos classificatório e mais preocupado com os possíveis diálogos entre o rural e o urbano?
Sobre la importancia de la internacionalización en universidades de clase mundial, de acuerdo con ránquines de universidades
Authors: Liberona Darío
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años la internacionalización de las universidades se ha hecho más importante debido a la globalización de nuestra economía y sociedad. Para las universidades de clase mundial la colaboración y la internacionalización resultan fundamentales. Las universidades forman el capital humano de la sociedad y las naciones. En la actualidad la revolución industrial 4.0, las redes sociales, la inteligencia artificial, la internet de las cosas y la transformación digital son tendencias que se relacionan con la globalización y requieren que las universidades aumenten sus niveles de internacionalización. Existen muchas universidades que solicitan experiencias internacionales obligatorias de todos sus alumnos (pasantías de estudios o prácticas laborales en otros países); en el caso de Latinoamérica estamos rezagados en este proceso de internacionalización. Este trabajo muestra algunos factores importantes de la internacionalización y el grado de importancia que le asignan los ránquines internacionales de universidades. Las universidades latinoamericanas que quieran mejorar su impacto deben mejorar sus procesos y resultados de internacionalización, como los casos actuales de las universidades chilenas y brasileñas, las cuales lideran este proceso en Latinoamérica. Para llegar a esto, se necesita mayores incentivos y el apoyo de los gobiernos en procesos de internacionalización y colaboración en la investigación.
Internacionalización del currículo. Una experiencia para el aprendizaje de las funciones exponenciales y logarítmicas
Authors: Martínez López Giovanni , Márquez Estupiñán Ana Mercedes
Published: August 2020

Se presenta a continuación una experiencia de enseñanza de funciones exponenciales y logarítmicas como parte del contenido curricular en la asignatura Matemáticas Básicas, con una muestra de 34 estudiantes de segundo semestre de la carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. Se muestran resultados en términos de las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la matemática, instrumentos de evaluación aplicados y competencias internacionales adoptando como referente al proyecto Tuning para América Latina.
Admissibility versus Ap-Conditions on Regular Trees
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Ngoc , Wang Zhuang
Published: August 2020

We show that the combination of doubling and (1, p)-Poincaré inequality is equivalent to a version of the Ap-condition on rooted K-ary trees.
Lactate dehydrogenase: an old enzyme reborn as a COVID-19 marker (and not only)
Authors: Panteghini Mauro
Published: August 2020

Background

Historically, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement was introduced into Laboratory Medicine as component (together with creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase) of the classical enzyme triad employed for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, which was subsequently replaced by CK-MB, and more recently by cardiac troponins. Afterwards, for many years, the clinical application of serum LDH measurement has been limited to the evaluation of anemias and to as a rough prognostic tool for certain tumors.

Content

In the last few years, significant changes have happened. First, the test has been confirmed as a robust predictor of poor outcomes in many neoplastic conditions. Furthermore, in the Revised International Staging System adopted in the 2015 by the International Myeloma Working Group, LDH acts as determinant of disease biology in differentiating myeloma stages. Finally, in the last few months, LDH is definitively reborn given its proven significant contribution in defining the COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions

This increased clinical role calls for an improvement of LDH assay standardization through the implementation of traceability of results of clinical samples to the available reference measurement system.
Creative intentions — The fine line between ‘creative’ and ‘wrong’
Authors: Uhrig Peter
Published: August 2020

The distinction between creative language use and linguistic errors is not always straightforward. Even less clear is what factors play a role in the attribution of a positive evaluation (= creative) or a negative one (= error). In this paper, it is argued that a Construction Grammar approach can model the difference based on two basic mechanisms: Frequency effects (either modelled as preemption or as negative entrenchment) and hearer expectations, which are continuously updated and based on a wide range of linguistic and contextual factors such as dialect and speech situation, influencing the perception of the abilities and intentions of the speaker.
Anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies monitoring in a group of residents in a long term care facility during COVID-19 pandemic peak
Authors: Carta Mariarosa , Bragagnolo Luciana , Tramarin Andrea , Barzon Elena , Cappelletti Anna , Pascarella Michela , Forner Lauretta , Meneghini Maria Grazia , Tripodi Chiara , Rassu Mario , Giavarina Davide
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Clinical laboratories plays a key role in screening, diagnosis and containment of the Coronavirus 2019 infection epidemic. The etiological diagnosis presupposes the isolation of virus genetic material in the patient’s biological sample but laboratory diagnostics also make use of searching possibility for immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM classes antibodies. The characteristics of the antibody response are not yet completely clear.

Methods

This study describes a serological monitoring of subjects, elderly nursing care residence guests, interested by a very large infection outbreak. After first nasopharyngeal swab, all the positive subjects (43) were monitored for the persistence of the virus infection through nasopharyngeal swab after 20 days (16–24), 32 days (28–36) and after 49 days (47–50). At the same time, during the second (day 32) and third (day 49) follow up, all the guests were investigated for IgM and IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, by using a quantitative chemiluminescence method.

Results

Thirty two days after performing the first diagnostic swab, 39 of 43 patients (90%) had IgG higher than the cut off value. After 49 days the four patients with negative IgG were still negative. The comparison of the levels of IgG-Ab between the controls shows a significant decrease in concentrations (−10%).

Conclusions

Our study confirms that in most patients affected by COVID-19 there is a typical antibody response with IgG-Ab present in 90% of nursing care COVID-19 positive residence guests. For IgM-Ab only 23% of tested subjects were positive on the 32nd and 49th day of illness, always in parallel with the IgG-Ab positivity.
In vitro antioxidants and hepatoprotective effects of Pleurotus tuber-regium on carbon tetrachloride–treated rats
Authors: Okolo Kenneth O. , Orisakwe Orish. E.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

This study has characterized the phytoconstituents and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Pleurotus tuber-regium induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In vitro antioxidant assay of ethanol extract of P. tuber-regium and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses to identify the phytoconstituents were carried out.

Methods

Sixty rats were divided into six groups of 10 animals in each group and treated as follows for 13 weeks. Group I (control) received 3 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneal twice weekly in addition to feed and water ad libitum. Group II received CCl4 3 mL/kg twice weekly. Groups III, IV and V received 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg wild edible P. tuber-regium mixed with feed by ingestion daily in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 twice weekly, respectively. Group VI received 500 mg P. tuber-regium daily. Liver and body weights were recorded. Liver function tests, oxidative stress biomarkers, bilirubin, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol were assayed. Histopathology of the liver was carried out. The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis yielded 10 antioxidants.

Results

CCl4 increased the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and malondialdehyde from 24±1.778 iu/L, 53±3.7 iu/L, 257±19 iu/L, 0.45±0.03 mg/dL and 1.90±0.42 μmol/L in the control group to 48±2.5 iu/L, 81±2.10 iu/L, 495±38 iu/L, 1.20±0.09 mg/dL and 14.0±2.6 μmol/L in the treated group, respectively.

Conclusions

P. tuber-regium prevented the necrosis, edema and vein congestion observed in the CCl4-only group. P. tuber-regium is effective in protecting the liver against CCl4-induced damage.
King Arthur’s Charter: A Thirteenth-Century French Satire Against Bretons
Authors: Berard Christopher
Published: August 2020

On the verso of the last leaf of a twelfth-century manuscript containing the poetry of Hilarius, a student of Abelard, appears a faux charter purporting to have been issued by Arthur, king of the Britons, in the hundredth year of his immortality. In the act, Arthur thanks the descendants of his British subjects for their fidelity and grants them an exclusive franchise to fish in secret rivulets. The privilege contains two prohibitions: one prohibiting Britons from wearing shoes and the other prohibiting them from owning cats. This article provides a diplomatic edition, English translation and analysis of King Arthur’s Charter. It identifies the strange stipulations of the charter as tropes of anti-Breton satire, attested also in the Privilège aux Bretons (c. 1240), an Old French song that mocks the customs and occupations of impoverished Breton immigrants to thirteenth-century France.
Can we Beat the Square Root Bound for ECDLP over 𝔽p2 via Representation?
Authors: Delaplace Claire , May Alexander
Published: August 2020

We give a 4-list algorithm for solving the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm (ECDLP) over some quadratic field 𝔽p2. Using the representation technique, we reduce ECDLP to a multivariate polynomial zero testing problem. Our solution of this problem using bivariate polynomial multi-evaluation yields ap1.314-algorithm for ECDLP. While this is inferior to Pollard’s Rho algorithm with square root (in the field size) complexity 𝓞(p), it still has the potential to open a path to ano(p)-algorithm for ECDLP, since all involved lists are of size as small as$\begin{array}{} p^{\frac 3 4}, \end{array}$only their computation is yet too costly.
Short Principal Ideal Problem in multicubic fields
Authors: Lesavourey Andrea , Plantard Thomas , Susilo Willy
Published: August 2020

One family of candidates to build a post-quantum cryptosystem upon relies on euclidean lattices. In order to make such cryptosystems more efficient, one can consider special lattices with an additional algebraic structure such as ideal lattices. Ideal lattices can be seen as ideals in a number field. However recent progress in both quantum and classical computing showed that such cryptosystems can be cryptanalysed efficiently over some number fields. It is therefore important to study the security of such cryptosystems for other number fields in order to have a better understanding of the complexity of the underlying mathematical problems. We study in this paper the case of multicubic fields.
Room temperature wideband tunable photoluminescence of pulsed thermally annealed layered black phosphorus
Authors: Alodan Sarah A. , Gorham Justin M. , DelRio Frank W. , Alsaffar Fadhel , Aljalham Ghadeer , Alolaiyan Olaiyan , Zhou Chongwu , Amer Moh. R.
Published: August 2020

Newly explored two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown promising optical properties, owning to the tunable band gap of the layered material with its thickness. A widely used method to achieve tunable light emission (or photoluminescence) is through thickness modulation, but this can only cover specific wavelengths. This approach limits the development of tunable optical devices with high spectral resolution over a wide range of wavelengths. Here, we report wideband tunable light emission of exfoliated black phosphorus nanosheets via a pulsed thermal annealing process in ambient conditions. Tunable anisotropic emission was observed between wavelengths of 590 and 720 nm with a spectral resolution of 5 nm. This emission can be maintained for at least 11 days when proper passivation coupled with adequate storage is applied. Using hyperspectral imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (i-XPS), this tunable emission is found to be strongly dependent on the level of oxidation. We finally discuss the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed tunable emission and show that tunable emission is only observed in nanosheets with thicknesses of (70–125 nm) ± 10 nm with the maximum range achieved for nanosheets with thicknesses of 125 ± 10 nm. Our results shed some light on an emerging class of 2D oxides with potential in optoelectronic applications.
Crystal structure of (1S)-N-(chloromethyl)-1-((4S,6aR,8aS, 8bR,9aR)-4-methoxy-6a,8a-dimethyl-1,3,4, 5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9a,10,10a,10b-tetradecahydro-8bH-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5] indeno[1,2-b]oxiren-8b-yl)-N-methylethan-1-amine, C24H46ClNO5
Authors: Ning Xue-Jing , Yang Xiao-Bin , Du Jiang
Published: August 2020

C24H46ClNO5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5992(3) Å, b = 9.6634(5) Å, c = 34.7499(7) Å, V = 2551.8(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0554, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1479, T = 170 K.
Interlaboratory comparison of humic substances compositional space as measured by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Zherebker Alexander , Kim Sunghwan , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Spencer Robert G. M. , Lechtenfeld Oliver , Podgorski David C. , Hertkorn Norbert , Harir Mourad , Nurfajin Nissa , Koch Boris , Nikolaev Eugene N. , Shirshin Evgeny A. , Berezin Sergey A. , Kats Dmitry S. , Rukhovich Gleb D. , Perminova Irina V.
Published: August 2020

Interlaboratory comparison on the determination of the molecular composition of humic substances (HS) was undertaken in the framework of IUPAC project 2016-015-2-600. The analysis was conducted using high resolution mass spectrometry, nominally, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) with electrospray ionization. Six samples of HS from freshwater, soil, and leonardite were used for this study, including one sample of humic acids (HA) from coal (leonardite), two samples of soil HA (the sod-podzolic soil and chernozem), two samples of soil fulvic acids (FA) (the sod-podzolic soil and chernozem), and one sample of freshwater humic acids (the Suwannee River). The samples were analyzed on five different FTICR MS instruments using the routine conditions applied in each participating laboratory. The results were collected as mass lists, which were further assigned formulae for the determination of molecular composition. The similarity of the obtained data was evaluated using appropriate statistical metrics. The results have shown that direct comparison of discrete stoichiometries assigned to the mass lists obtained by the different laboratories yielded poor results with low values of the Jaccard similarity score – not exceeding 0.56 (not more than 56 % of the similar peaks). The least similarity was observed for the aromatics-rich HA samples from leonardite (coal) and the chernozem soil, which might be connected to difficulties in their ionization. The reliable similarity among the data obtained in this intercomparison study was achieved only by transforming a singular point (stoichiometry) in van Krevelen diagram into a sizeable pixel (a number of closely located stoichiometries), which can be calculated from the population density distribution. The conclusion was made that, so far, these are descriptors of occupation density distribution, which provide the metrics compliant with the data quality requirements, such as the reproducibility of the data measurements on different instruments.