bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stories in Children’s Literature. An Analysis of Transcendent Language
Authors: Guarneri, Ed.D. Cristina
Published: November 2020

Children’s literature plays an essential role in their development through the use of characters that they become familiar with, which become like friends. Stories have become a useful source of information for increasing reading skills, which are necessary for the development of new words. It is through the fiction literature that is based on real-life where children are able to understand traumatic events and complex ideas. They are able to understand life experiences and diversity of the world that they live in. Even with increased learning through literature, the National Literary Strategy conducted a study of words to show that children need 100 words in order to read a “real” children’s book. It is essential to distinguish between ‘restrictive texts,’ which allow for fewer perceptions to take place for active reader judgment of text that enables critical and thoughtful responses.
The Sound of Unsaid Words: Rethinking the Perception of Silence in Poetry
Authors: Ben Zid Mounir Jilani
Published: November 2020

Most scholars and literary critics, whether adhering traditionally to the iron-clad rules of language or enhancing creativity seem to marginalize personal silence or fail to perceive it as a type of discourse. This research is an attempt to subvert established notions of silence and proposes a paradigm that reaches beyond the sound of words and the epidermis of texts. It identifies important hidden dimensions of language, calls for a deeper exploration of the language of silence, and argues that silence in poetry is not simply the absence or opposite of sound. It should be viewed instead as the beginning of listening, a means of communicating the unsaid and the unheard of language as well as the power which privileges the poet's desire for the impossible through "les mots jamais dit". Based on examples from poems, the paper will address silence as the eloquent outpouring of sound and meaning, and as a better language for the unsaid.
Intertextuality between Pied Piper of Hamelin and Nyamgondho Wuod Ombare
Authors: Micheni Brian Mugendi , Peter Dr. Christine Atieno
Published: November 2020

Texts borrowing from each other has been there since the existence of humankind and scholars refer to this borrowing as intertextuality. Many intertextuality scholars have gone ahead to use the phrase “no text is an island” to emphasize on the existence of intertextuality in everyday communication of humankind through spoken words or written works. The objective of the study is to determine whether there are intertextual relations between the stories, Nyamgondho Wuod Ombare and Pied Piper of Hamelin. The study aims to determine instances of intertextuality between the two stories. The study discovered that the two texts demonstrate several instances of intertextuality, especially the storyline of the texts. It discussed various manifestations of intertextual relations in the texts.
The Relationship between Cognitive Reference Point and Target Body: An Analysis of News Cartoons
Authors: Zhu Sanmao
Published: November 2020

Previous studies have proved great explanatory power of the principle of Cognitive Reference Point (CRP) in the analysis of discourses. Less attention is focused on the principle itself. This study explores the relationship between the cognitive reference point and the target body by analyzing a few news cartoons. Findings show that the mapping process of reference point and target body is achieved either in the same field, in the same domain or in different dominions.
Developing a Voice through Literature. An Analysis of Pandemic Writing
Authors: Guarneri Cristina
Published: November 2020

Literature during a pandemic provides meaning to the reader by using storytelling to shape the way that we understand and experience illness, disease, and health. Narratives are an attempt to bring closure to what is meaningless. During the void that is found during a pandemic, literature is able to serve a purpose and make sense of plagues. Pandemic literature exists not only to be analyzed, but also to tell stories. It is used as a reminder that sense still exists somewhere within society. Literature gives readers an escape outside of quarantine through invented stories. It is a reclamation against what illness represents, that the world is not our own. Literature and writing are necessary in the aftermath of a pandemic. It is through literature and writing, which has the ability to teach readers about the effects of the deadly manifestations on humanity, and how they shape what it means to be human.
Writing War, Wronging the Person: Representation of Human Insecurity in War Literature
Authors: Addei Cecilia , Osei Cynthia
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a survey of literature written in response to wars throughout the world. The paper argues that plays, poems, memoirs and novels have been written to celebrate combatants as heroes; war literature has also been written to overcome the trauma of war while other literature has been written to underscore the effects of war and to speak out against wars. The paper also discusses the rationale for studying war literature and argues that as creative expression, literature allows us, through the imagined world of the author, to identify social trends and structures that shape the world, in particular, the factors that lead to and sustain conflict, as well as experiences of war and its long term individual and general effects.  Also, literature's aesthetic quality and its capacity to engage its audience makes it easier to transmit war time experience, and hopefully the wisdom gained from that experience, from one generation to another.
College Students’ Attitude Toward and Learning of Differentiated Instruction in Products
Authors: Chien Chin-Wen
Published: November 2020

Teachers should adjust their curriculum and instructional practice to meet the needs of individual learners, because one size does not fit all (Kaplan, Rogers, &Webster, 2008; Tomlinson, 2003). This study focuses on the implementation of differentiated instruction in products, “tiered assignments,” in a Children’s English class in a teacher education program in Taiwan. The study concludes that 52 college students held a positive attitude toward these tiered assignments and that they learned theories and instructional strategies not only from lectures and tasks in the university classes but also from completing different choices. Another important finding is that participants’ choice of completing these assignments is based on the level of easy of the assignments. Two suggestions are made to effectively implement differentiated instruction in products in teacher education programs in terms of explicitly modeling and explaining differentiated instruction in products and designing tiered assignments based on the levels of challenge as well as learners’ readiness, interests and profiles.
Howard Brenton’s Transmutation from Political Theatre to Absurd Theatre
Authors: Velmani N
Published: November 2020

Of all the contemporary dramatists, Howard Brenton is surely the most prolific, marked by breadth and variety,his plays mainly tackling moments of great political upheavals of the time. Many of his plays are turned out at speed as quickresponses to events in public life. Brenton, as a man of political conviction, exposes contemporary consciousness. The theatreserves as a platform for his political revolt expressive of disillusionment at the failure of socialism. Following the trend ofBrechtian Epic Theatre, Brenton used the basic principles in matters of setting, characterization, empathy and dramaticstructure and the techniques of socialist realism creating a fable with characters capable of change showing the light ofdawn in the darkest night. He evolved a large-scale ‘epic’ theatre dealing in complex political issues, an attempt to constitutea British Epic theatre. Since 1965, Brenton committed himself to a career as a playwright with his first play Ladder of Foolstill the recent play Drawing the Line (2013), he has widely moved through different phases of his career as a politicaldramatist with the portrayal of England in terms of a violent political landscape. But of late, there is transmutation frompolitical theatre to absurd theatre. In his recent play Drawing the Line Brenton faces an epic task himself in distilling theturmoil of India-Pakistan partition into two hours on stage. He makes the audience realize the absurdity of decisions made bythe intelligent principled political leaders that end up in tumultuous violence and conflicting demands.
Six Thinking Hats: A Study to Understand the Reasons and Extent of their Application in the English Language Classroom
Authors: Dhanapal Saroja , Wern Ling Khoo Tabitha
Published: November 2020

A qualitative case study was carried out in a school that encourages the application of the Six Thinking Hats (STH) to understand the reasons and extent of their application in the English Language classroom. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap in the literature in this area with the view to help situate the factors affecting the STH application. Research methods applied in the research include interview as well as the distribution, collection and data analysis of both teachers and students’ survey questionnaires, using systematic and convenience sampling methods. From these, the factors affecting the application of the Six Thinking Hats in the English Language classroom was identified. Moreover, the extent to which the STH are implemented at different levels of education were found to conform with the factors of the STH application. Responses regarding the use of the Six Hats were generally positive but varied mainly according to teachers’ personal educational beliefs as well as students’ language competency levels and thinking skills. In order to increase the effectiveness of the STH application in all classes, beginning from the early levels of education, implications include a whole-school approach to create awareness and to encourage implementation. Positive implications of applying the STH is found to be related to its practicality and further recommendations as to how the STH may be applied in various classes to maximize learning outcomes by directing learners to think independently from an early age are made. Finally, areas which this study may be used for future research are also suggested.
A Discourse Analysis of Language use in Femi Osofisan’s The Midnight Blackout
Authors: Adebileje Adebola Omolara , Oluwatoyosi Atunde
Published: November 2020

This study critically examines the language use of Femi Osofisan’s characters/casts as portrayed in The Midnight Blackout and how such usage is affected and determined by situations and contexts. Analysis of discourse in the play is premised on a model adaptation of Discourse Analysis presented in Hyme’s (1962) Ethnography of Communication and Grice’s Conversational Maxim. The study employs Hyme’s Ethnography of Communication model which is encapsulated in the SPEAKING acronym, and Conversational Maxims by Grice which engages the maxim of quantity, quality, relation and manner. This critical analysis reveals language as an indispensable and instinctive medium in human communication. Analysis also reveals the linguistic and social surrounding or environment of Femi Osofisan’s The Midnight Blackout and foregrounds language as the spectrum through which the society can be appreciated.
The Benefits of Formula Instruction in Enhancing EAP Learners’ Academic Writing Performance
Authors: Manan Nor Ashikin Ab , Jaganathan Paramaswari
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the benefit of direct instruction of academic formulas (DIAF) on the subjects’ academic writing performance. Two intact groups of Diploma in Computer Science students assigned as the experimental and control groups participated in the study. Each group consists of forty mixed ability ESL learners who were enrolled in an academic writing course. DIAF was incorporated into the academic writing course employing a process-oriented writing approach and was conducted over six weeks out of the fourteen-week semester. Pre and post academic essay writing (AEW) tests were utilized for quantitative data collection while focus group interview was utilized for collecting the qualitative data. This paper discusses the results of the study by focusing on the effects of DIAF on learners from different proficiency level.
Chinua Achebe’s Dynamic World in Things Fall Apart
Authors: Lin Yao Jung
Published: November 2020

The society of Umuofia in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart can be seen as a dynamic world based upon Mikhail M. Bakhtin’s theory of social heteroglossia. The opposing social worldviews reflected in these languages or speech, in Bakhtin’s words, can be referred to as two contrasting forces, the centripetal forces and the centrifugal forces. In Things Fall Apart, the centripetal forces are represented through the unified centralized rigid social ideologies while the centrifugal forces are revealed through the disunified decentralized flexible social ideologies in the speech of characters. The society of Umuofia is an active dynamic one within which the diverse social ideologies or forces interact and contest.
Miscue Analysis of Oral Reading Among Non-Proficient Malaysian ESL Learners
Authors: Pillai Adeena Deepa Ramakrishna , Paramasivam Shamala
Published: November 2020

Reading is a vital skill. Research has shown that proficient learners usually have a greater comprehension of the reading material. This study focuses on non-proficient learners’ oral reading as a direct method of assessing their reading ability. Miscue analysis is used as a tool to gather information and measure strategies used in reading and comprehending a given material. The study investigates the types and frequencies of miscues made by learners when they orally read texts and assesses learners’ comprehension based on the oral reading through the use of multiple-choice questions. The number of miscues made and the scores for the multiple choice questions are patterned using Microsoft Excel program and are converted into percentages. This study found that when the number of miscues made by the learners reduced during the oral reading process, the scores on the comprehension section did not necessarily improve. The types of miscues made by learners were omission of words namely plural and past-tense endings of verbs, substitution of words such as the pronoun ‘she’ with ‘he’, and hesitation especially with complex words. The findings imply that learners have language problems in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and the use of reading strategies.
The importance of Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners: A Self-directed Learning Approach
Authors: Iftikhar Shabnum
Published: November 2020

This article “The importance of Metacognitive Strategies to Enhance Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners: A Self-directed Learning Approach” deals with an in-depth study and implementation of Metacognitive strategies. This study investigates as to what extent the teaching of metacognition is feasible in the classroom and how students could get the maximum from applying metacognitive strategies and styles. This research aims at emphasizing the use of metacognitive strategies as a useful resource to enhance reading comprehension of students. The purpose of the literature review in this study is to more elaborate this topic to get the profound insights into the actual framework of metacognition so that implementations could be made as much as possible. Furthermore, to explore literature review is an authentic source to know as how much research has been conducted so far. It will be identified also that what is missing that needs to be addressed. The themes that would be explored in the review of literature are as following: Theoretical Framework, Motivation and Performance, Metacognitive strategies, Metacognitive instruction; and Empirical evidence of teaching metacognition.
The effect of instruction on learning refusals in EFL learners
Authors: Rostamy Mahmoud , Parhoodeh Kaivan
Published: November 2020

The major aim of learning a second or foreign language is communication. In order to be a competent communicator, we must get familiar with the ingredients of speech and language. Speech acts are one of the principal elements and functional units of communication. In this realm, refusals play a key role. Due to their inherently face threatening nature, refusals are of an especially sensitive nature, and a pragmatic breakdown in this act may easily lead to unintended offence or breakdowns in communication. Refusals are also of interest due to their typically complex constructions. They are often negotiated over several terms and involve some degree of indirectness. While there are a great number of studies which examine certain speech acts, the amount of research on refusals is much more limited. The aim of this study is to investigate whether either of the instruction types, explicit vs. implicit, proves more efficient in improving pragmatic performance of Iranian EFL learners. For this reason, 45 male, military intermediate EFL learners all between19-25 years of age in a military language institute, in Tehran, Iran, were selected to participate in the study. A pretest/posttest design was adopted in this study. Having formed the three groups under investigation, (explicit, implicit and explicit-implicit) I measured all subjects’ pragmatic performance of L2 refusals through Discourse Completion Tests, DCTs. All groups were exposed to conversations from 'spectrum' English books which embody refusals. The findings proved the efficiency of explicit instruction over implicit one in increasing Iranian EFL learners' pragmatic performance.
Poetry Diaspora
Authors: Brown Angela Khristin
Published: November 2020

Poetry dialog on a black female ideas about love, loss, pain, regret and hope in American culture.
Exploring Reading & Writing Relationships in Grade Five
Authors: Olivier Christina Ethel , Simasiku Liswani
Published: November 2020

The study investigated the relationship between reading and writing with Grade Five learners.  The objective of the study was to investigate whether extensive reading and practice in writing enhance learners’ reading and writing skills. The sample for the study consisted of eighty Grade Five learners at a school in an informal settlement in Windhoek. The methods used were questionnaire and case study surveys, and a quasi-experiment. A questionnaire survey and a pre-test administered to both groups were followed by intervention. Qualitative data were gathered means of a case study, while quantitative data were gathered by means of the pre-rest post-test experiment. Analysis of the post-test results indicated that the sessions of pleasure reading and practice in writing improved reading and writing scores for the experimental group.  Also, the survey data gained from the experimental group indicated an increase in enjoyment of, interest in, and a positive attitude towards reading.
On the effect of Language Proficiency on Learners’ Autonomy and Motivation
Authors: Zarei Abbas Ali , Zarei Nasrin
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of Iranian EFL learners’ proficiency level on their motivation and autonomy.  To this end, 141 English major participants, both male and female, at Imam Khomeini International University and Kar non-profit university in Qazvin, Iran were asked to fill in two questionnaires on motivation and learner autonomy. Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and an autonomy questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li (2004) were used to assess these variables. Also, the participants’ proficiency level was checked using their scores on the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP). The collected data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure, and the findings revealed that the students’ language proficiency did not influence their motivation and autonomy. In other words, language proficiency was not an influential factor in students’ motivation and autonomy. The results of the present study may be helpful for teachers, learners and syllabus designers. A clear understanding of the nature of the relationship between language proficiency and traits like motivation and autonomy can help those involved in language teaching and learning to make more informed decisions about the steps to take to improve the above-mentioned traits.
Tomorrow Words Today: A Spiritual Awakening
Authors: Brown Angela Khristin
Published: November 2020

Schizophrenia is an enabling disease that is caused by ailing factors that controls the way people think and behave. Some of the factors that are disabling are factors of having the disease. The causes of the disease may make an individual unable to sustain a normal life. It is where they are not able to function daily due to circumstance that they encounter. One must understand the challenges we face. Empathy towards others is a moral power that is a concern. Having schizophrenia is a painful experience to having to heal from the regret, the hurt and the loss. This book is about how to understand mental illness and it includes the relationships and values on how to live a healthy life.  Spirituality is a given.
Howard Brenton’s Transliteration of Macbeth
Authors: Velmani N
Published: November 2020

Ever since the dawn of human civilization, incomparable Shakespeare shines with his incandescent luminosity through every word he wrote. The Bard of Avon is the most quoted writer in history. His plays have been translated into 50 languages. In the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations containing about 20,000 quotations, Shakespeare alone monopolises a staggering 60 pages (10 percent). The unique dramatist, with his insight into every aspect of human behaviour and emotion, packed his plays with nearly one million words, out of which 27, 870 are different words, the highest vocabulary in history. Many words and phrases – Shakespeare’s encyclopedic knowledge of science, history, mathematics, classical literature, sociology, psychology, law, politics, music-reveal the vastness of his vocabulary in relation to various discipline, habits and style  of the different sections of the people.
Feminine Angst in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath
Authors: Syeed Syed Aamir , Ali Master Showkat
Published: November 2020

Women have been struggling to liberate themselves from subjugation by their male counterparts from times immemorial. The various factors responsible for their suppression were misogyny, romantic glorification and patriarchy. Illogically romanticized, they are not permitted to play a significant role as independent, self-assured individuals and this was compounded by other unfair social, political and biological factors. As a result, they did not enjoy a contented position in society. History inclined to link man to wisdom and biological dominance and women were associated with confined concerns of household chores and childcare.

This provoked some prominent women in America and England to launch a movement called feminism demanding equivalent rights and equal status for themselves. They also resisted the menacing power of the literature that portrayed a woman as a subordinate to patriarchy. To end this suppression and exploitation they set out to create a literature of their own. As such, most of the feminists got entangled in a twofold approach. On the one hand, they wanted an authentic voice to assert its sovereignty, and, on the other, to make their mark felt along gender defined lines, so as to mend laws governing their social, psychological and biological behaviour. Still, some of the women writers felt the brunt of male dominance and oppression so enormously that they developed the feelings of resentment and vengeance against them. In this, Sylvia Plath, a vigorous and highly competitive and self-centered woman of the fifties was no exception. The aim of the paper is to highlight that Sylvia Plath who at first relished the domination of her male counterparts, at the later stage of her life became a sworn enemy of male dominance and aggressively challenged the patriarchy. Her feminine angst transformed her from a lamb to a lioness hunting for men’s head.
Variation of Sentence Connectors as Logical Devices in Abstracts
Authors: Azarian Zeinab , Zarei Gholam Reza
Published: November 2020

This study was an attempt to examine the category and frequency of sentence connectors in research articles’ abstracts of two disciplines of Applied Linguistics and Electrical Engineering written by native English speakers (NES) and non-native English speakers (NNES). The corpus of eighty research articles that all taken from well-known refereed journals, are selected by scholars within two disciplines. Sentence connectors were identified and classified following the taxonomies of Quirk et al. model. In this model, taxonomies included connectors occurring both within and beyond the sentential level. The words were counted by Ant-Conc-3.4.1 software. The results indicated the sentence connectors in the two disciplines were differently used. The frequency of sentence connectors in Electrical Engineering articles was higher than that in the Applied Linguistics. As for the NES and NNES, the results demonstrated stylistic differences as well. So, writing style is not only a function of disciplinary distinctions but also a reflection of the writers' linguistic backgrounds.
The Romantic Quest for Identity: Re-reading the First Part of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Authors: Bruni Roccia Gioiella
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a re-reading of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poetic masterpiece, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, in an attempt to deepen the critical discussion about one of the major themes explored in the poem, that is the search for identity. In particular, this attempt will consist of a close reading of the first section of the ballad, inasmuch as it contains the fundamental pattern of the whole text. The conceptual framework underlying this analysis is based on Coleridge’s key principle of “the coincidence of opposites”, which the Author develops in his critical work Biographia Literaria. Indeed, the whole of Coleridge’s oeuvre is permeated by the idea of a dialectical tension between contrary forces, which struggle against each other so as to be joined, at last, in the dynamic unity of a superior harmony. In the light of this conception, the Romantic quest for identity takes the form of a struggle between two opposing forces: the impact of otherness with its confounding effects on the one side, and the irrepressible aspiration towards a unified self on the other. Such a conflicting dynamics appears to structure the entire ballad, starting from the incipit of the poem and involving all the characters – especially the two opposite figures of the ancient Mariner and the Wedding Guest.
The Deforming Mirror of Truth: A Reading of Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo
Authors: Eugene N’GUESSAN Koffi
Published: November 2020

Ishmael Reed’s Mumbo Jumbo calls for a national history that incorporates black experience and culture. Focusing on the form of the content as well as the content of the form, the present paper discusses the process of constructing another history, which subverts the icons of Western hegemony: social codes, reality, conventions, etc., in order for a hybrid culture to prevail. In other words, it elaborates on the way Mumbo Jumbo juxtaposes both cultural histories, integrating indeterminacy with the effect of de-totalizing the meta-narrative of the Western culture.
Probing the Antecedents of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Motivation and Demotivation
Authors: Ghanizadeh Afsaneh , Erfanian Javad
Published: November 2020

Teachers play the focal roles in the lives and learning of the students in their classrooms. They indeed serve many roles including, teaching knowledge to students, mentoring and nurturing students, becoming role models, and creating a friendly and facilitative learning environment. These encompassing roles underscore teachers’ motivational disposition. The present article reports on a qualitative study exploring Iranian EFL teachers’ motivating and demotivating factors. To do so, semi-structured interviews with 9 high school EFL teachers were conducted. The analysis of the interview protocols yielded a number of motivating and demotivating factors. These factors were categorized under three antecedents for motivation and three for demotivation. It was concluded that: a) most of the teachers were dissatisfied with students’ inattention and inapt conduct of school officials or authorities; b) some were dissatisfied with payment and time restrictions; c) in the other hand, most of them were satisfied with students’ enthusiasm; and d) some of them were satisfied with parents’ appreciation.
Types of Motivation in Iranian EFL learners toward English Language Learning
Authors: Jowkar Mehdi , Nekuruh Motlagh Leily , Mirshamsi Fatemeh Sadat
Published: November 2020

This study aimed at investigating the types of motivation (integrative, instrumental, intrinsic and extrinsic) that Iranian students, studying English, have toward the learning of the English language. A modified27-item motivational survey adapted from Gardner’s (1985) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) questionnaire was administered to 47 (male and female) who were studying English as their second language. The data was then recorded in SPSS computer software and later was calculated with the help of the descriptive data. The findings revealed that the students had high levels of integrative and instrumental motivation to learn English. Their integrative motivation was found slightly higher than their instrumental motivation. Contrary to intrinsic motivation, the learners demonstrated a relatively high extrinsic motivation. Following these findings, some pedagogical implications are discussed with their recommendations.
Ode in Onia: Reading the Use of Myth and Twinhood in Diana Evans’ 26a
Authors: Kaze Douglas E.
Published: November 2020

Postcolonial writers have over time engaged in the use of folklore preserved from their precolonial heritage in their works that try to understand the complexities of their postcolonial existence. Such writers have used ancient stories, songs, proverbs and other ideas from their vernacular cosmologies in intertextual conversation with their fiction. In this article, I discuss this kind of practice in the novel 26a by Nigerian-British novelist, Diana Evans. The novel explores personal experiences of twinhood which also raises questions about identity, transnationalism and migration. This paper’s focus is on the ways in which Evans fetches material from her Nigerian background – the myth about twinhood – and merges it with her fiction, allowing both to engage and transform each other. Through this she has not only created a work of magical realism, but finds an effective means to represent trauma, psychic and existential struggles along with what it means to exist between categories.
When I Raised My Eyes Again: Women’s Journey to gain Power In Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy Man
Authors: Wahla Mahin , Mamona Mamona
Published: November 2020

The aim of the present study is to show the women’s journey to gain power in Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Ice-Candy Man. This will be done by showing their dual representation in the novel in the light of Feminist Theory. The study will first show how the women are victims of patriarchal oppression, subjugation, marginalization and sexual exploitation in the novel, and then it will be described that how they are not entirely victim. This will be done by showing their strength to come out of that situation of victimization to gain power and assert their independent identity.
Exploring Iranian EFL Learners’ Attitudes towards English Language Norms and Their Impacts on Ideal L2 Self, Criterion Measure, Cultural Interest, and Integrativenes
Authors: Lsskari Kalat Fatemeh , Ghanizadeh Afsaneh
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the Iranian EFL learners’ attitudes toward English norms (standard vs. nativized). Moreover, the roles played by these attitudes in some motivational factors were examined. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach (QUAN→qual). To this end, four  participants were interviewed for the QUAL part and 162 EFL learners were selected  for QUAN phase from different private language institutes and universities in Mashhad and Nyshaboor, two cites in northeast of Iran. They were asked to complete a battery of two questionnaires: 1)  Attitudes towards English language norms in the expanding circle questionnaire (Khatib & Rahimi, 2015) and 2) Dornyei’s L2 motivational self-system questionnaire. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that attitudes to English language norms positively and significantly predicted all the motivational components: Ideal L2 self (β= .32, t= 4.09), criterion measure (β= .29, t= 3.85), cultural interest (β= .33, t= 5.12), and integrativenes (β= .28, t= 3.33). The results of interviews were in line with those of quantitative phase. The conclusions and pedagogical implications of the investigation as well as limitations and suggestions for further research were discussed.
A Multi-dimensional Representation of the Mid-Eighteenth Century England: The Vicar of Wakefield
Authors: Baysal Kubra
Published: November 2020

Published in 1766, The Vicar of Wakefield: A Tale is the only novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith, who starts his literary adventure as a hack writer. Reflecting the story through the parson’s point of view in retrospection with his memories depicting the idyllic life and subsequent misfortunes he experiences with his family, the novel catches the soul of the eighteenth century readers and the following ones with its sentimental and moralistic elements taking them back to the sphere of human nature. Despite the contradicting ideas on the work that it is thought “to be both a success and a failure, satiric and sentimental, coherent and disunified” all at the same time (Merritt 3), carrying not only the reminiscence of the writer’s personal life but also projecting the mid-eighteenth century England with references to different aspects of life, the novel receives popularity “for its gentle irony, and for its wisdom as well as its sense of absurdity” (Jeffares 6). This paper will focus on The Vicar of Wakefield through its thematic and stylistic qualities, representative aspects of the eighteenth century England, namely literary, social and political elements clearly observed within narration and Goldsmith’s distinct satirical style, which pave the way for the novel through centuries up to the modern readers as an amalgam of different influences and traditions.
Developing Extensive Reading Materials for Secondary School to Foster Students’ Reading Habit
Authors: Auliya Prativi Khilyatul , Lestari Lies Amin , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: November 2020

This study aims at developing extensive reading materials for Junior High School to foster students’ reading habit, as the first step of school literacy movement in Indonesia. This study utilizes Design and Development Research (DDR) by Richey and Klein (2007)[17] as the research method. Moreover, ADDIE model (Analysis, Design Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) is employed as instructional design model to develop the product. There are four data collection technique used; interview, questionnaire, test and observation. The product of this study is seven books as follows; The Five Pillars of Islam (Level A), Happy Halloween (Level A), Facts about Mosquitoes (Level C), The Legend of Surabaya (Level E), The Appointment in Samarra (Level G), The Return of Dracula (Level I), A True Friend (Level K). Those seven books are in the form of printed materials and within students’ independent reading level. They are supported with pictures, complemented with correlation level, preface, short-excerpt, glossary, commentary column, and books choice flowchart. Based on the theoretical and empirical validation, the seven books are suitable to be used as extensive reading materials in school literacy movement to foster students’ reading habit.
CALL to MALL: Shifting Paradigm in Bangladeshi Universities
Authors: Karim Ziaul , Jamila Marium
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to find out whether mobile phones may be used as a language learning tool both inside and outside of classrooms in the universities in Bangladesh. The authors have conducted a survey through a questionnaire designed for both the learners and teachers who are involved in teaching foundation English courses at different private and public universities. The research challenges the current assumptions about English language teaching and learning with mobile phones, digs out multifarious language learning techniques and procedures and takes its standpoint that there are more advantages than drawbacks in case of utilizing cell phones for English language learning. Finally, it sheds lights on the present applicability and the future prospects of cell phone uses for English language learners (ELLs) in the context of Bangladesh.
Co-relation among Language, Literature and Translation with Reference to Rabindranath’s Works
Authors: Meem Fahmida Hoque , Ashikullah Md.
Published: November 2020

My research aims to find out the relationship among language, literature and translation as they are related with each other and add new dimensions to the field of knowledge. . Each of them is very important element in the realm of knowledge. The literature is being translated through the centuries. For translation, language is an indispensable part. I want to find out how the change of language affects the original text. The translated version cannot carry the same beauty of the original text. The culture and language of the other nation or state cannot resemble the other culture ever. The translation of Bengali novel or poems is very hard as the culture of Bengal is not natural to other cultures. The language and the structure of the original texts are more appealing than the translated version. The original one and the translated one cannot be ever same. Even If the author himself is the translator, the translation cannot reach the beauty of the original one.
Individuality as a Force for Destruction in Nathaniel Hawthorne's ''The Ambitious Guest''
Authors: Kalac Nail
Published: November 2020

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “The Ambitious Guest” has been regarded by various readers as a tale of natural sublimity and a defeat of humankind under crushing forces of Nature. However, Hawthorne’s captivating writing leaves space for multiple interpretations, and bearing in mind that Hawthorne belongs to Dark Romanticism this short story can be regarded as a defeat of individual heart against collective mind. In this story, Hawthorne, a great symbolist of his time, carefully developed the plot and the characters in order to portray how individual striving for progress and betterment can destroy a harmonious family that is in peace with natural order. Hawthorne uses a complete stranger and turns him into a force for destruction, as the character deeply disturbs the philosophy of each family member and changes the close-knit structure of the family into a scattered group of unsatisfied individuals who yearn for change, which results in a natural catastrophe. “The Ambitious Guest” represents Hawthorne’s warning against individualism and yearning for progress, and it praises the institution of family as a building block upon which humankind is built.
A Parody of Psychoanalysis in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita
Authors: Sharifi Hossein
Published: November 2020

In Lolita (1955), Nabokov is playing a game with all his readers. Who do you think the winner is and what the game is all about? Nabokov who is a brilliant author wants to criticise Freud and his theory of psychoanalysis. He wants to rebel against Freud and his ideas. This paper aims to show you how successful Nabokov was in conveying his own ideas. We want to see whether or not psychoanalysis can be rejected by the help of Nabokov using a parody and trying to put psychoanalysis three key concepts: sexuality, memory, and interpretation into questioning. In this attempt, Nabokov takes a journey from conscious to unconscious and guides the readers with himself through this journey. He shows them symbols which may not represent real symbols, and simple characters which may not be that simple and plain; characters which have a wound in their Superegos and a dark side in their Ids and Egos.
Identity and Hair Narrative in Adichie's Americanah
Authors: Dick Dr. Angela Ngozi
Published: November 2020

Although the social construction of the human hair varies from culture to culture, the symbolic function of hair varies from person to person. In Adichie’s  Americanah, the characters are primarily defined by their hair before the construction of their race, career and  personality. The human hair becomes the premise for brotherhood and sisterhood in. Many episodes take place in the salon, thereafter a person’s hair is qualified as either good or bad. The theoretical framework for this paper is New Historicism which interrogates social life and power relations among people in the society. In this work we conclude that Adichie tells the story of human hair not for its sake but to portray the problem of immigrants, religious fanaticism, disruption of academic calendar and the frustration therein, loveless marriage, the environment and other human conditions. Finally, the hair shows that every person is a complete human being first and foremost
In Pursuit of Angels And Self Discovery - Paulo Coelho’s “The Valkyries” and “The Winner Stands Alone”
Authors: WARDA WAHAJ UNNISA
Published: November 2020

Paulo Coelho was born in Brazil and has become one of the most widely read authors in the world today. Coelho uses the supernatural element in all of his stories, “The Valkyries” and “The Winner Stands Alone” are two stories, that employ the   “The Valkyries” supernatural using the  good powers in trying to let go of the evil. His other work “The Winner Stands Alone” is about a powerful obsessed character whose wife had left him for another man. At one end ‘The Valkyries’ is about seeking redemption, a search for the right to amend the wrong whereas at the other end ‘The Winner Stands Alone’ the supernatural seems to serve  to justify  the wrongs.
An OBS Array to Investigate Offshore Seismicity during the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption
Authors: Wei XiaoZhuo , Shen Yang , Caplan-Auerbach Jacqueline , Morgan Julia K.
Published: November 2020

On 3 May 2018, Kīlauea Volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, entered a new eruptive phase because of a dike intrusion in the East Rift zone. One day later, an Mw 6.9 earthquake, which was likely trigged by the dike intrusion, occurred in the submarine south flank of Kīlauea Volcano. In mid-July, an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) array consisting of 12 stations was deployed on the submarine south flank of Kīlauea Volcano to monitor the aftershocks and lava–water interaction near the ocean entry. Eleven OBSs were recovered in mid-September. Preliminary evaluation of the data reveals a large number of seismic and acoustic events, which provide a valuable dataset for understanding flank deformation and stability as well as lava–water interaction. Here, we introduce this dataset and document notable instrument malfunctions along with some initial seismic and acoustic observations.
Is There a Chance to Limit Transport in Slovenia in the Light of the Climate Change? Top Down Approach for Personal Vehicles
Authors:   Energy Efficiency Centre, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Kovač Marko , Česen Matjaž , Urbančič Andreja , Merše Stane
Published: November 2020

Slovenia is a quite transport intensive country. Due to its geographic location it attracts a lot of transit traffic, however even bigger issue might be mostly car-oriented development of traffic in the last 50 and more years. The motorisation rate is still increasing, however even smaller cities are facing long congestions. Slovenian National Energy and Climate Plan anticipates large reduction of greenhouse gasses either through switch to sustainable transport or relying on alternative fuels as renewable electricity or synthetic gasses. The paper demonstrates the somewhat ambitious plan dissected to the local community level while taking local specialties into the account.
Surgical site infections in emergency abdominal surgeries in a tertiary care hospital of North-East India
Authors: Gogoi Sufil , Ahmed Sajeed , Dutta Kalyan J.
Published: November 2020

Background: Most of the emergency abdominal surgeries are either contaminated or dirty, they carry a higher rate of complications, aided by lack of optimization of the patient before surgery as opposed to elective surgeries. Complications related to surgical site encompasses a majority and may be aggravated by pre-existing co-morbid conditions. Seroma, hematoma, wound dehiscence, surgical site infection (SSI) are some of the major complications of surgical wounds. A prospective study was carried out in Department of General Surgery, Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH), Dibrugarh, Assam to find out the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), clinical presentations and causative organisms including their antibiogram.Methods: Total 280 patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgeries in Department of General Surgery, AMCH from June 2017 to May 2018 were included in the study. Preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative details were collected, recorded and analysed. In case of SSI, wound swab was taken for culture and sensitivity and antibiotics tailored accordingly. Regular follow-up for at least 30 days post-operatively was maintained.Results: The incidence of SSI was 21.43%, with male: female ratio being 1.22:1. SSI was highest in the age group above 50 years; 33.33%, and with co-morbidities. SSI seen highest in class 4 wounds (55%). Commonest clinical features were erythema, tenderness, edema around the wound in superficial SSI and deep SSI. Organ space SSI was associated with fever, trachycardia and leucocytosis. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aereus (55%), Escherichia coli (21.67%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.67%), Klebsiella species (3.3%).  Conclusions: To reduce the incidence of SSI, strict adherence to antisepsis protocol specially during intraoperative and postoperative is of paramount importance in emergency surgeries.