bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is tilapia farming financially profitable and efficient? Policy options for sustainable farming
Authors: Mukta Mezamun -Ara , Khan Md. Akhtaruzzaman , Mian Md Rais Uddin , Juice Rahat Ahmed
Published: March 2019

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is known as ‘fish for the poor’ due to its low market price. However, the question remains about the sustainability of this species because of high production cost and lower market price.  Therefore, this study examined the financial profitability, technical efficiency and tried to find out the policy options for increasing the financial benefit of fish farmers. A total of 250 tilapia fish farmers were selected from seven tilapia producing areas of Bangladesh. To fulfill the objectives of this study, profitability, stochastic frontier production function, and sensitivity analysis were employed.  Considering all selected farmers, tilapia farming found a profitable business where undiscounted BCR was only1.11. Among all cost items, only feed consists of 70 percent of the total production cost.  The mean technical efficiency level of tilapia fish farmers was 85 percent, implies that by operating at full technical efficiency levels, tilapia yield could be increased from the current level of 20.98 to 24.13 tons per hectare and efficient farmers found more productive than inefficient farmers. Farmer’s financial benefit can be increased by reducing the feed price, decreasing FCR or increasing the output price. Feed price reduction or enhance the quality of feed could be effective policy options for sustaining the tilapia farming.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 92–98, March 2019
Synthesis of Picric Acid at Domestic Scales.
Authors: Saleem Afshan , Rafi Noureen , Qasim Sumara , Ashraf Usama , Virk Nasir Hussain
Published: March 2019

Picric acid and its derivatives are widely used in various applications/industries. The first synthetic dye was prepared in 1771 using picric acid. It was used to dye silk fabric into greenish-yellow color. In this study, Picric acid and their derivatives were synthesized and characterized by their physical and chemical properties. The derivatives of Picric acid which are considered in this research include Picramic acid and Sodium Picramate. The physical properties like melting point, colors, physical state and solubility of Picric acid and its derivatives were determined and confirmed using IR Spectra. IR spectra proved efficient in scanning and mapping.
Reminiscence from Essay by Leo Tolstoy in Taras Shevchenko’s Story
Authors: Boron Oleksandr
Published: March 2019

The paper attempts to prove that Shevchenko’s remark in the story “A Walk with Pleasure and Not Without Some Moral” about the fourth bastion during the defense of Sevastopol in the Crimean War derives from the essay by Leo Tolstoy “Sevastopol in December”, as it has been already supposed earlier. The author of the paper focuses on Shevchenko’s awareness of the works by Tolstoy investigating if the Russian magazines in which the works of the Russian prose writer were printed belonged to the reading scope of the Ukrainian writer.

As L. Khinkulov’s version saying that the publication of “The Tale of the Sorrow-Evil” in the journal “Sovremennik” (1856, No. 3) served as the source of Shevchenko’s series “Parable of the Prodigal Son” has been reasonably rejected, the Ukrainian poet’s awareness of the story by Tolstoy “Snowstorm” printed in the same issue may be considered only as hypothetical. Bolshakov's statement that Shevchenko, while writing the story, drew the material from the direct participants of the Crimean War is denied: when he met them in Astrakhan in 1857, the first version of the work had been already written. The publication of the essay by Tolstoy in the newspaper “Russkiy invalid” also could not be the source of the reminiscence, as it contained only the first part where the bastion was not discussed.

The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that the epithet ‘strashnyi’ (‘terrible’), used twice in Shevchenko’s story (the second time – in the comparative degree) and at least 4 times in different forms in the essay by Tolstoy, is the key to connecting Shevchenko's phrase with the essay “Sevastopol in December”. According to the researcher, this word came into the poet’s mind while reading the essay in “Sovremennik” and association emerged when he mentioned the fourth bastion in his story. Shevchenko thus enriched his own narration with additional associations and semantic overtones, freeing himself from the need of using detailed descriptions and explanations.
Parabolic Structure of Essay/Short Parable Story “Za Hotar” by Olha Kobylianska
Authors: Antofiichuk Volodymyr
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the story “Za hotar” (“Beyond the Boundary”) by Olha Kobylianska from the point of view of modernist sacral aesthetics, since, as it has been observed, its architectonic structure comprises the parable of the Good Samaritan. It is proven that the relationship between the parable and the story is displayed at different levels of the literary text.

The plot of the story “Za hotar” has many obvious parallels with the Christ’s parable, down to the coincidences in the image of a merciless priest. The modernist sacral perspective of the literary work by Olha Kobylianska makes it possible not only to observe the presence of hidden signs of the New Testament parable, but also to interpret the possibility of a genre shift. This procedure allows denoting this literary work not as an essay, but as a short story, since the parable of the Good Samaritan has a characteristic feature of a short story (its main idea is represented in showing mercy by one of the Samaritans, who in biblical times were considered as people lacking any sympathy towards strangers).

The work by Olha Kobylianska provides an extremely powerful and philosophically deep insight. The plot includes the death of a daughter. On the one hand, it is perceived as quite substantiated (the child ran outdoors undressed in winter), but in terms of the mystical perspective it becomes a symbol of Christian mercy, or even a Christian self-sacrifice.

Thus, the literary work “Za hotar” by Olha Kobylianska is based on the architectonical ground of the parable about the Good Samaritan. From the realistic perspective it may be interpreted as an essay revealing the mental traditions, everyday life, ideological foundations of the Bukovynian village contemporary for the writer. Although it becomes a parable in the modernist sacral perspective, which hides the fundamental gospel basis behind a realistic plot.
PENGARUH CHEST THERAPY DAN INFRA RED PADA BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
Authors: Amin Akhmad Alfajri , Kuswardani Kuswardani , Setiawan Welly
Published: March 2019

Latar Belakang : Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, persentase balita yang menderita pneumonia pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 71.451 kasus atau setara (26,11%) dan meningkat dibanding tahun 2013 atau setara (25,85%). Angka ini masih sangat jauh dari target standar pelayanan minimal pada tahun 2010 atau setara (100%) (Dinkes Jateng, 2014). Di Kabupaten Pekalongan pada tahun 2015, ada sebanyak 94.386 balita dengan perkiraan kasus sebanyak 3.407 kasus, sedangkan kasus yang ditemukan atau ditangani sebanyak 4.695 kasus atau setara (136,9 %). Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Kajen pada bulan Oktober 2017 dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 8 partisipan menggunakan metode pretest-posttest dengan quasi eksperimen. Tindakan fisioterapi yang diberikan pada kasus Bronchopneumonia ini adalah dengan chest therapy dan infra red.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh terapi dengan menggunakan Infra Red dan Chest Physiotherapy (deep breathing, postural drainage, clapping, vibrasi, dan batuk efektif) pada kondisiBronchopneumonia.

Hasil : Terjadi perbaikan frekuensi napas pasien per menit yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan sesudah terapi ditunjukkan dengan nilai p pada uji paired sample test (sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang berada di bawah nilai kritis <0,05, sedangkan untuk sesak napas pasien mengalami penurunan yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan  esudah terapi hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai p (sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang berada dibawah nilai kritis <0,05.

Kesimpulan : Penggunaan infra red dan chest therapy dapat memperbaiki frekuensi pernapasan pasien per menit dan mengurangi sesak napas pada kasus Bronchopneumonia.
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA STUDI KASUS PERKARA PIDANA NO. 07/PID-SUS-ANAK/2017/PN.PDG
Authors: Susanti Dewi Elvi
Published: March 2019

This study illustrates the basis and consideration of public prosecutors and judges in convicting children as perpetrators of crimes in a letter of claim and decision. There were two issues that would be examined, namely: a) What is the basis and consideration of the Public Prosecutor to file a complaint against the Child as a criminal in a case Number: 07/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/Pn.Pdg, b) What is the basis and consideration of the Judge in making a decision on the Child as a criminal offender in the decision Number: 07/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/Pn.Pdg, To discuss this problem a normative juridical method is used. From the results of the research obtained answers, a) the basis of the public prosecutor to file a claim against a child is Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning the Juvenile Court and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System, and several Circular of the Indonesian Attorney General, while prosecutor's consideration General filed a claim in court No. 07/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/Pn.Pdg was the fulfillment of the elements of the article being charged, things that incriminate and alleviate children's actions, the condition of parents of children, recommendations of correctional facilities (Bapas), paying attention to the interests of the community, victims and perpetrator; b) the basis of the judge in making a decision in case No. 07/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/Pn.Pdg was Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System of Children and was Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Courts. There were 2 (two) considerations the judge handed down the decision in case No. 07/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/Pn.Pdg are juridical considerations and non-juridical considerations.
PERMASALAHAN PENUNTUTAN TERHADAP PELAKU PENYALAH GUNA NARKOTIKA DI WILAYAH HUKUM KEJAKSAAN NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Maghaz Rikhi Benindo
Published: March 2019

In the case handling of narcotics abuse, the public prosecutor at the Padang District Attorney’s Office only proceed articles that had been suspected by the investigator, without proving accurately the status of the narcotics abuser. This research is aiming to understand the handling of narcotics abuse and its issues during the prosecution process at the Padang District Attorney’s Office. This research is using empirical normative research methodology. Based on the research, the public prosecutor at the Padang District Attorney’s Office did not precisely investigate and probe material evidence related to the status of the perpetrators of narcotics abuse. As a result, in indictment letter, the case of narcotics abuses always being overlaid with the harsher indictment articles, namely Article 111, 112, or 114 of Law Number 35 of 2009, which detention be applicable to the perpetrators. Supposing only a single indictment of article 127 is applied, the perpetrator of the narcotics abuse shall not be detained as stipulated in Article 21 paragraph (4) of KUHAP. This condition is clearly detrimental to the narcotics abuser, especially those people in addiction or victims of narcotics abuse, where they should be placed at the Rehabilitation Institute. Due to the absence of public prosecutor's meticulous attempt in probing material evidence related to the status of the perpetrators of narcotics abuse, it may cause false sentence declared by the judge.
Idols of Promotion: The Triumph of Self-Branding in an Age of Precarity
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin , Pooley Jefferson
Published: March 2019

By analyzing the “mass idols” (Lowenthal, 1944) of contemporary media culture, this study contributes to our understanding of popular communication, branding, and social media self-presentation. Leo Lowenthal, in his well-known analysis of popular magazine biographies, identified a marked shift in mass-mediated exemplars of success: from self-made industrialists and politicians (idols of production) to screen stars and athletes (idols of consumption). Adapting his approach, we draw upon a qualitative analysis of magazine biographies (People and Time, n = 127) and social media bios (Instagram and Twitter, n = 200), supplemented by an inventory of television talk show guests (n = 462). Today's idols, we show, blend Lowenthal's predecessor types: they hail from the sphere of consumption, but get described –and describe themselves –in production terms. We term these new figures “idols of promotion,” and contend that their stories of self-made success –the celebrations of promotional pluck –are parables for making it in a precarious employment economy.
Wilbur Schramm and the “Four Founders” History Of U.S. Communication Research
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: March 2019

In its postwar institutional infancy, American mass communication research badly needed a history. Communication study in the United States, jerry-rigged from journalism schools and speech departments in the years following World War II, has from the beginning suffered from a legitimacy deficit. This talk traces Wilbur Schramm’s self-conscious and successful effort to supply such a history in the form of an origin myth, complete with four putative founders.
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in jejunum: A rare case report.
Authors: Rather Jan Mohammad , Manzoor Sobia , Wani Rauf Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) has been described as an incidental finding in various parts of gastrointestinal tract. HGM of the small bowel is a congenital disorder with variable manifestations like bleeding, obstruction or perforation, penetration into adjacent organs, and fistulization. We present a case of a 55 year old female being evaluated for anemia associated with recurrent episodes of diarrhoea and dyspepsia. The cause was found to be HGM in thejejunum.
Sugar substitutes and artificial sweeteners
Authors: Wani Muzaffar , Bhat Tariq A
Published: March 2019

With diabetes reigning as the commonest metabolic and lifestyle disease, patients reluctantly avoid table sugar/sugar rich foods. But the lure for sweetness makes patients to ask for sugar substitutes. More over obese and overweight individuals may come up with queries regarding sugar substitutes. This practice point page provides a brief about the sugar substitutes.
Electricity: The Enemy Invisible
Authors: Baba Umar , Wani Adil Hafeez
Published: March 2019

Electrical injuries, as such,   are less prevalent in comparison to other forms of burn injuries. However, this type of injury is considered to be one of the most devastating injuries due to its high morbidity and mortality. It is also associated with high costs and long-term hospitalization as well as the need for multiple surgical procedures; therefore, specific management considerations are required for this type of injury.

 It is more prevalent in developing countries, with prevalence rate being higher among men. Most of the pediatric population suffers injuries at home from low voltage appliances.

The patient with electrical injury is usually a young, employed person who can potentially return to a productive working life. Successfully achieving this goal would save society a great loss of human potential. The plastic surgeon is actively involved in all phases of the pursuit of maximal recovery of the patient with electrical injuries. Reconstructive procedures are required both in high voltage injuries and low voltage injuries and have improved the quality of lives of these patients by timely intervention.

         Precautionary measures are necessary to reduce the incidence of high voltage injuries and their devastating effects.  The incidence of high voltage injuries would not have been so high had the electric workers been properly trained and hazards of high tension lines explained. Moreover emphasis must be laid on the use of safety measures.
First Century Christian Diversity
Authors: Lingelbach John F.
Published: March 2019

In light of Ken Howard’s recent “religion singularity” phenomenon, this article attempts to ascertain the nature of Christian diversity during the last seventy years of the first century (roughly 30 to 100 CE). It offers an examination of the two largest Christian movements that existed before the second century, as well as when those movements may have begun and the locations they most likely flourished. The article argues that the earliest Christian tradition was the one persecuted by the Apostle Paul and that later, two breakaway movements splintered off from this tradition: the Pauline and Ebionite movements. The paper concludes that during the first century, of these two splinter movements, the Pauline movement likely preceded that of the Ebionite movement, though they both flourished in many of the same locations. Of interest is the finding that all three Christian movements (the pre-Pauline tradition, Pauline, and Ebionite) flourished in Asia Minor, a cosmopolitan sub-continent which appears to have served as a geographic information nucleus through which diverse ideas easily proliferated.
Population Borrowing Behavior: Trends and Risks
Authors: Shneiderman I. M. , Yarasheva A. V.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with current issues related to modern processes of lending to the population in Russia. The article aims to identify possible risks and consequences of over-lending to individuals based on the analysis of statistical data. Research objectives include analysing data dynamics of volume of the issued housing loans for the past 13 years, including mortgage loans; tracing the dynamics of household debt (total and for this type of lending) in rubles and foreign currency in macro-regions (Federal districts) of the Russian Federation; and describing the features and trends of car loans in our country. Results of the study revealed an uneven increase in the amount of debt on loans of the population living in different macro-regions of Russia. The authors concluded that the share of personal debt to credit institutions on mortgages «inside» of housing loan debt from 2006 to 2018 has more than tripled. In general, reasons for changes in the credit behaviour of Russians lie in lowered interest rates and the fear of their future growth, chances of refinancing previously taken loans, concerns about rising inflation, pent-up demand for housing and durable goods. A further increase in the growth of consumer loans and the volume of public debt on them may lead to the overheating of the credit market.
On Approaches to Measuring Costs of Inaction
Authors: Blam I. Yu.
Published: March 2019

The article attempts to establish general approaches to statistical measurements of effects from a failure to take necessary environmental actions in the medium and long term (or, to use the author’s terminology, estimating the «costs of inaction»). It is emphasized such an assessment is closely related to the «precautionary principle», which implies the rejection of the use of innovative products and technologies due to lack of confidence in their safety for the health of the population and the environment. The paper addresses main problems associated with the practical application of the «precautionary principle», such as risk assessment and management, effective coordination between science and politics, as well as finding a reasonable balance between innovation and potential social and environmental damage.

An analysis of today’s most successful attempts to determine the costs of inaction has made it possible to identify methodological shortcomings of the «ethical» approach, which forces us to treat with some caution the estimated costs of future periods that arise in the case of an «insufficiently ambitious» environmental policy.

The example of determining the costs of inaction associated with the extraction of shale hydrocarbons by hydraulic fracturing (fracking), shows the present methodological difficulties in assessing the potential risks of environmental pollution and the direction of their solution. The author concludes that under conditions of a high degree of uncertainty at all stages of assessing the negative impact on the environment, the application of the «precautionary principle» can be based on an analysis of the degree of reversibility of the impact of innovative products and technologies.
Congratulations to Georgy Konstantinovich Oksenoyt
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2019

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Challenges and opportunities in researching the lives of young people on the move
Authors: Lønning Moa Nyamwathi
Published: March 2019

This article explores different challenges and opportunities in researching the lives of young people on the move with a focus on ethics, context and methods. It addresses concerns raised by research with minors and individuals who are undocumented, and looks at the implications of migratory landscapes and particular field sites. Complexities of conducting research in a context marked by transience are also examined. Moreover, two approaches, ethnographic fieldwork and creative arts-based methods, are explored for their potential in such settings. It is maintained that challenges and opportunities arising when researching the lives of young people on the move can be best addressed with an integrated approach that employs participant-centred methods and that is exploratory, flexible and sensitive.
English abstract
Challenges and opportunities in researching the lives of young people on the move
This article explores different challenges and opportunities in researching the lives of young people on the move with a focus on ethics, context and methods. It addresses concerns raised by research with minors and individuals who are undocumented, and looks at the implications of migratory landscapes and particular field sites. Complexities of conducting research in a context marked by transience are also examined. Moreover, two approaches, ethnographic fieldwork and creative arts-based methods, are explored for their potential in such settings. It is maintained that challenges and opportunities arising when researching the lives of young people on the move can be best addressed with an integrated approach that employs participant-centred methods and that is exploratory, flexible and sensitive.
När vänner av motsatt kön inte tillåts: Ungdomars erfarenheter av föräldrars restriktioner
Authors: Ghadimi Mariet
Published: March 2019

Denna artikel baseras på en enkätundersökning bland 2356 elever i årskurs nio i Sverige. I artikeln studeras ungdomars erfarenheter av vänskapsrelationer. En stor majoritet uppger att de umgås med vänner på sin fritid, går hem till vänner och bjuder vänner hem till sig. Men en grupp ungdomar, framförallt flickor med utlandsfödda föräldrar tillåts inte umgås med vänner av motsatt kön.
English abstract
When opposite gender friendship is not allowed – Youths’ experiences of parental restrictions
This study examines a survey carried out amongst 2356 senior-level students of the Swedish nine-year mandatory school. The purpose of this article is to highlight youths’ experiences of social relationships with friends of the same and opposite sex respectively. A key question for the study is whether there are teenagers who are restricted by their parents from socializing with friends. The results illustrate that mainly girls with foreign-born parents are more likely to be banned from spending time with friends of the opposite sex, compared to adolescents with both parents born in Sweden.
Fritidspedagogers förståelse av det kompletterande uppdraget
Authors: Perselli Ann-Katrin , Hörnell Assar
Published: March 2019

I denna artikel presenteras en kvalitativ studie med syfte att analysera och beskriva fritidspedagogers förståelse för hur fritidshem och dess verksamhet kompletterar skolan i Sverige. Studien baseras på skriftliga kommentarssvar i en nationell webbenkät som 2013 skickades till fritidspedagoger vid svenska fritidshem. Analys och tolkning av enkätsvaren genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och innehållsanalys som metod. Som stöd under analysarbetet användes NVivo 10. Analysen genererade fyra kategorier som beskriver fritidspedagogers förståelser för fritidshemmets kompletterings­uppdrag: Att samverka, Att arbeta i klass, Att praktiskt tillämpa och Att erbjuda det skolan saknar. Studien visar att det finns olika förståelser av uppdragets innebörd. Dessa kan knytas till uppfattningar om fritidspedagogernas profession och handlingsutrymme.
English abstract
Leisure-time teachers’ understanding of the complementary mission
This article presents a Swedish study with the aim to analyse and describe leisure-time teachers’ understanding of the leisure-time centres’ public function to complement the school with its activities. The study is based on answers on an open question in a national web survey. The web survey was in 2013 sent to leisure-time teachers at all leisure-time centres in Sweden. The survey answers were analysed and interpreted through a qualitative approach, using content analysis as a method. To support the analysis NVivo 10 was used. The analysis shows that the leisure-time teachers give expression to understand the leisure-time centres’ public function to complement the school in four different ways. These ways are in the article presented as these four categories: Collaborating, Working in class, Practical applications and Offering what the school lacks. The results of the study show that there are different understandings of the meaning of the mission. These can be linked to perceptions of the leisure-time teachers’ profession and professional discretion.
Considerations for a Regression-Based Real Estate Valuation and Appraisal Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Robey Shawn L. , McKnight Mark A , Price Misty R. , Coleman Rachel N.
Published: March 2019

This paper advocates a more scientific approach to residential real estate valuation as opposed to more traditional approaches, which are flawed for two main reasons: (1) appraiser judgements are almost exclusively used and (2) appraisers’ sample sizes are too small to provide adequate estimated values. By using a regression model, this paper explores the impacts of different characteristics on market value. Three hundred and fifteen properties in Evansville, Indiana, were analyzed testing twelve different variables. This model suggests that 91.8% of the total market value variation is explained by four independent variables. These findings provide evidence that multiple linear regression could be used to better predict a property’s value.
Work Status of Alumni and their Satisfaction on Selected Indicators in the School of Advanced Studies (SAS)
Authors: Gonzales Rosanna Daplian , Bautista Adonis S. , Gelido Reynaldo T.
Published: March 2019

Attending graduate and post-graduate school certainly can contribute to one’s development and advancement. TheSchool of Advanced Studies in the Philippines is one of the leading institutions that caters the academic needs ofprofessionals and employees from different fields of specialization. Every year, it produces quality graduates whohad satisfactorily completed all the set requirements of their respective degree programs. Tracer studies is an avenuetowards quality assurance, it serves as a way of identifying the institution's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, andthreats. This study provided an information on Alumni’s profile including employment status and reason for enrollingin the said school, extent of adequacy of skills learned amd degree of satisfaction from experiences they earned whilestudying. It made use of the descriptive survey and appropriate statistical tool. Findings revealed that obtaining suchdegree is rewarding because the individual’s professional value was increased hand in hand with the additionalremuneration built within it and these are credited to the adequacy of skills they gained in the aspects of knowledgeand technical, research, leadership, and; communication. Likewise, they received better service delivery along thelearning environment particularly on teaching staff’s knowledge, interaction, creativity, respect for students anddelivery skills.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: March 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2019. 
DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PESTICIDES IN HONEY BY LC-MS-IT: EFFECTS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION
Authors: Ilić Marija , Svilar Ljubica , Jovanović Snežana , Đorđević Aleksandra , Mitic Violeta , Nikolić-Mandić Snežana , Stankov-Jovanovic Vesna
Published: March 2019

Honey is well known in human diet and it is considered to be one of the healthiest foods with high nutritional value. Due to the growing presence of anthropogenic contaminants, with extremely long half-life and prevalence in all environments, some of them may be present in honey. Honey samples were spiked with six pesticides which are commonly used at the time of plant's blooming, in order to develop an efficient method for preparing honey samples for LC-MS-IT analysis. Samples of honey, spiked with soultion containing mixture of six pesticides (pirimicarb, atrazine, prometrine, malation, cyprodinil and famoxadone), were treated applying SPE with Florisil and C18 cartriges, as well as liquid-liquid extraction method. Afterwards, samples were injected in the HPLC with ESI ionisation source, and IT (ion trap) mass analyzer. Methanol solution of pesticides in the same concentrations as in spiked samples, were used as blank. In spiked honey samples, after treatment with Florisil prometrine and famoxadon were detected; with C18, atrazine and prometrine; after LLE famoxedon and pirimicarb. In the specific case, as acceptable sample preparation method SPE with Florisil cartridge may be proposed, since it enables reliable identification of the most examined pesticides.
Key words: honey, pesticides, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, solid phase extraction
IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: VARZARU NICOLAIE , MITELEA ION
Published: March 2019

This work treated the steps for health and safety management implementation, which ensure the increase of responsibility for working environmental with the involvement of employees, customers, governments, capital markets, suppliers. A big step in working environmental increase is systemic approach means using a tool like Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analyses(HFMEA), which is a prospective assessment than identify, prevent and improve the process problems before occurring.
Key words:HFMEA, risk, working condition, cause-effect diagram.
REPETITION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Authors: Pavlovic-Veselinovic Sonja
Published: March 2019

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are becoming a major problem in world economy. There is many and various risk factors that contribute to their development. Repetitive work is one of the most important risk factor. In this paper is described the body's response to repetitive strain, existing methods for evaluation/ quantification of repetition as risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. The author proposes a new multidimensional scale for rating the level of risk of repetitive work, which may be useful in the risk assessment of the workplace.
Key words: ergonomics, work related musculoskeletal disorders, risk assessment.
FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NOT ALLOWED TO GET IN CONTACT WITH WATER - A CALCIUM CARBIDE CASE
Authors: Pešić Dušica , Blagojević Milan , Milojević Miloš , Suljović Suad
Published: March 2019

The paper presents materials which in contact with water emit flammable and toxic gases. Their classification according ADR and identification according NFPA 704 standards are presented. The physical-chemical, toxic, flammable and reactive properties of calcium carbide are shown. Also, first aid and fire fighting measures are given. Regular handling of flammable and toxic materials is conditioned by the knowledge of their properties. Regular handling reduces the risk of chemical accident followed by a fire and explosion.
Key words:dangerous material, water, toxicity, fire, explosion
Renal Morpho-functional Changes in Wistar Rats Administered Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon)
Authors: Aigbiremolen A. A. , Omoirri M. A. , Okafoanyali O. J. , Ogbonnaya M. , Asemota K. E.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The kidneys are paired organs that function as eliminators of harmful metabolites from the blood. Considering the nutritional profile, Citrullus lanatus is reportedly a vital source of anti-oxidants that may affect renal functions.

Aim: Using the adult male wistar rats, this study examined the effect(s) of Citrullus lanatus fruit seeds on serum electrolytes and histology of the kidney.

Methodology: Twenty rats (95-200 g) were purchased and grouped into four (n=20) of five (5) rats per group.  Group 1 (control group) received growers mash and water only, groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed with 100, 200 and, 400 mg/kg of C. lanatus fruit seeds extract respectively (for 21 days).  Following period of extract administration, animals were fasted overnight and carefully restrained. Equal volume of blood samples were collected from their retro-orbital plexus for biochemical analysis. Abdominal cavities were cut opened and kidney excised for histo-architectural study.

Results: With serum Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3- , levels returning insignificant results for all doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of watermelon fruit seed extracts treated rats upon comparison with control; there was however a significant increase (p < .05) in serum K+ and Urea levels of extract treated rats when compared with control. Study also observed no histological alteration in the kidney of extract treated rats when compared to control.

Conclusion: Thus, administration of C. lanatus seed extract did not affect serum Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and creatinine levels of wistar rats; even though there were significance increase in K+ and urea levels.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Childbirths with Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid in a Low-resource Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Halle-Ekane Gregory E. , N. Fon Phyllis , Koki Paul N. , Tazinya Alexis A. , Ekollo Rodrigue , Mboudou Emile
Published: March 2019

Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) can be associated with a high maternal and perinatal mortality. There is paucity of data on maternal and fetal outcomes of MSAF in Cameroon.

Aim: The study was to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with MSAF.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study carried out in the Limbe Regional Hospital maternity, Cameroon from 10th January 2017 to 20th April 2017.

Methodology:  Fifty- two mothers who had MSAF and their neonates, were matched with controls (without MSAF) in a 1:1 ratio after matching for: age, gestational age, parity and body mass index. Risk ratio (RR) of MSAF on the various perinatal outcomes were calculated by multivariate logistic regression with MSAF (-) being the reference. Data was analyzed with Epi Info 7.

Results: Two hundred and three deliveries were conducted during the study period with fifty-two with MSAF enrolled in the study. The proportion of participants with MSAF was 19.1%. Parturients who had thick MSAF were 3 times more likely to have caesarean sections (RR: 3.2, 95% CI= 1.1 - 10.2, p = 0.04). Two (3.9%) parturients with chorioamnionitis had MSAF. The neonatal complications were: non- reassuring fetal heart rate (RR=4.4, 95%CI: 1.1-16.8, p=0.02), neonatal sepsis (RR=3.7, 95%CI: 1.4-9.8, p=0.01) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (RR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.2-6.9, p=0.02), were associated with MSAF. Two (3.9%) had meconium aspiration syndrome on clinical examination. No maternal death was recorded. However, a perinatal death occurred in a parturient with MSAF.

Conclusion: The proportion of parturients with MSAF was high. MSAF was associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity.  We recommend larger and robust cohort studies to further refine our findings.
The Hydrothermal Treatment Associated with Calcium Chloride Improve Banana cv. ‘Prata Gorutuba’ Quality Modulating Primary Metabolism
Authors: Paraizo Eliene Almeida , Jesus Mariana Oliveira , Aguiar Flávia Soares , Alves Raquel R. S. , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydy , Silva Pinheiro Juceliandy M. da , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Batista-Silva Willian
Published: March 2019

The temperature is one of the most used techniques to maintain fruit quality over long time storage and consequently the fruit respiratory metabolism is directly influenced. The combined use of CaCl2 and hydrothermal treatment can be an important alternative to improve banana fruit quality and influences the ratio starch/sugar and consequently quality traits. Based on the hypothesis the calcium and hydrothermal works synergistically modulating banana primary metabolism and skin color changes. The starch content and chrome parameters were kept in higher values at 2% e 3% (w/v) of CaCl2. However, the fruit storage at control condition have shown lower fresh weight loss (%), followed by total soluble solids and sugars content. In addition, our study showed that, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, skin brightness and hue angle were not significantly influenced by the treatments. In the same vein, banana fruits when treated only by hydrothermal treatment maintained better postharvest quality trait when compared to the fruits of the hydrothermal treatment associated with calcium chloride. The hydrothermal treatment when together with CaCl2 cans influences in the banana fruit quality affecting skin color and primary metabolism such as sugar and starch content.
Effects of Ranitidine (Zantac) Drug on the Hormonal Level, Sperm Head Abnormality and Histo-Architecture of the Testis of Albino Male Mice
Authors: Oraibi Tiba Soud , Ibrahim Ruqaya Mohammed , Soud Sura Alaa
Published: March 2019

The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of Zantac (Ranitidine) drug on sexual hormones (Testosterone and Prolactin), sperm head abnormality, and histopathological activity on albino male mice testes.

Two doses of the drug were used: 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, in addition to a negative control group. Each group included four mice and the drug administrated orally as (0.1 ml) per day for 14 days, and then the mice were sacrificed on the day 15 for laboratory assessment.

The result showed that the drug cause increase the percentage of sperm head abnormality which reaches to (48.3%) and (22.8%) for 2000 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively in comparison to control group (11.1%). The male sex hormones also affected by the drug and the level of testosterone hormone decrease to (1.07 ng/ml) in 2000 mg/kg and (3.42 ng/ml) in 1000 mg/kg, while the level of hormone in control group is (14.07 ng/ml). The prolactin hormone show increase in the level at dose 2000mg/kg it's (115 ng/ml) and in dose 1000 mg/kg the level its (43 ng/ml) these value very high compared with control group (36 ng/ml) due to the effect of the drug on the hormone. The histopathological examination shows damage in the seminal duct and changes in the wall of the seminiferous tube also the spermatogenesis well be affected by the drug in which is stop and some of seminal duct show no appearance of spermatogenesis and also cause depletion to the wall of the seminal duct.
Service Quality Dimensions as Correlates of Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of Fast Food Restaurants in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Saporna Gudelia C. , Claveria Ryan A.
Published: March 2019

Service quality is the key to a successful restaurant. When customers are satisfied with the services offered, the likelihood of customers returning to the restaurant is high. The quality of food, prices and the service itself seem to be the salient factors for customers to dine in. Thus, identifying which factor in the service quality dimensions is most important for the customer is primarily the focus of this paper. In this study, the researchers made use of descriptive correlational research design utilising 250 local and 250 international students in Malaysia as subjects. Convenience sampling was used in the selection of respondents. The study shows that customers have satisfactory perceptions on the prices and quality of food served by fast food restaurants in Malaysia. Further, results indicate that cleanliness is the most important predictor of customer satisfaction. It was found out also that ambience and food greatly influenced the behavioural intentions of the respondents. Lastly, the study shows also that no significant differences were seen in the customers' perceptions and satisfaction on the service quality.
Analysis of Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions on Climate Change, Preference and Willingness-to-pay for Seasonal Climate Forecasts Information in Savelugu Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Nasiru , Teye Mensah Kingsley , Alhassan Hamdiyah , Adzawla William , Adjei-Mensah Christina
Published: March 2019

Aim: Agricultural production is directly affected by climate change. This means that access to climate information would help the farmers’ preparedness for farming activities and the decision on the types of crops to grow, when to grow them and the types of farm management activities to adopt. As such, this study analysed farmers’ preference for seasonal climate forecasts and their willingness-to-pay for these information.

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Savelugu Municipality in the Northern region of Ghana. A single period data was collected for analysis.

Methodology: A total of 300 farmers were selected through a two stage sampling procedure and used for the study. From the theory of contingent valuation, a descriptive statistic and Heckman model were used in analysing the data.

Results: From the results, the majority of farmers were willing-to-pay for seasonal climate information, especially, climate forecasts on rainfall. The farmers preferred that these seasonal climate forecasts should be disseminated to them through the radio. The farmers exhibit positive willingness-to-pay for seasonal climate forecasts to about 20 Ghana cedis. A number of factors influenced the farmers’ decision and amount they were willing-to-pay and these include gender, age, perception of climate change experience, ownership of radio, off-farm activity and participation in planting for food and jobs (PFFJ) program.

Conclusions: The findings of this study highlighted the need for climate information by farmers and how this can be effectively disseminated to them. Generally, government institutions and other private agencies should take up the challenge and opportunity to provide climate information, especially seasonal rainfall forecast, to the farmers at a fee.  This fee must be determined at an optimal or at least a breakeven price considering the farmer’s ability to pay. The study also recommended that climate information dissemination should be integrated into government’s PFFJ program.
Codeine-mediated Haematoxicity, Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Owoade Abiodun Olusoji , Abdullateef Abdulrahman , Adetutu Adewale , Adetutu Adewale , Olorunnisola Olubukola Sinbad
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats.

Materials and Methods: Therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg/day), high dose (25 mg/kg/day) and extreme dose (50 mg/kg/day) of codeine were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last codeine administration, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters.

Results: Results obtained revealed that codeine administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count (PLT) and increased the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)while it resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Codeine intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea while its reduced total protein levels. Hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by codeine administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced.

Conclusions: This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, haematoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to codeine administration. Although codeine is reported to be effective in pain management, its toxicity should be kept in mind.
Amendment of Acidic Soil with Lime and Manure for Enhancing Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat-Mungbean-Monsoon Rice in the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain
Authors: Sultana Begom Samia , Mian Musharraf Hossain , Jahiruddin M. , Rahman M. Mazibur , Alam Siddique Md. Noor E. , Sultana Jakia
Published: March 2019

Soil acidic conditions and the decline in soil fertility are among the critical factors that constraint higher crop productivity in the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (OHPP), Bangladesh. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lime and manure on soil fertility, nutrients and yields of wheat, mungbean and rice. Experiments were done at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) farm and farmer field over two consecutive years with the cropping pattern, namely wheat-mungbean-transplanted (T.) aman rice/monsoon rice. The varieties used were Bijoy for wheat, BARI mung6 for mungbean and Bina dhan7 for T. aman rice. There were nine treatment combinations with three lime levels (0, 1 and 2 ton dololime ha-1) and three manure treatments (poultry manure, farmyard manure and no manure) with three replications. The rate of poultry manure was 3 t ha-1 and that of farmyard manure was 5 t ha-1. Nutrients from manure sources were supplemented with chemical fertilizers to adjust recommended dose. Lime was added to the first crop for entire two crop cycles and manures were applied to the first crop of each crop cycle. Soil pH increased by 0.5-1.11 units, the higher values were observed with higher rates of lime application. Soil organic matter (SOM) increased slightly due to manure treatment. Soil phosphorus availability increased, zinc and boron availability decreased, but the potassium and sulphur availability remained almost unchanged after liming. Application of lime and manure had significant positive effect on the yield of wheat, and their positive residual effects on mungbean and T. aman rice. The effect of 1 t lime ha-1 was comparable with that of 2 t lime ha-1. Between two manures, poultry manure performed better than FYM on crop yields. The trend of plant nutrient uptake by wheat, mungbean and rice followed the trend of these crops yield increase, i.e., crops that were able to uptake more nutrients shown higher yields. The treatment combinations with 1 t ha-1 lime and 3 t ha-1 poultry manure produced an average 35-55% yield benefit over control for the first crop (wheat) and 41-43% yield benefit for the third crop (T. aman rice). This study suggests that dololime @ 1 t ha-1 coupled with poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 or FYM @ 5 t ha-1 would be an efficient practice for better soil acidic condition, soil fertility and productivity of crops in the Himalayan piedmont soil of Bangladesh.