bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La necesidad de la educación literaria en LIJ en la formación inicial de maestras y maestros
Authors: Aguilar Ródenas Consol
Published: June 2020

Los informes sobre hábitos de lectura señalan que, a partir de segundo de la ESO, se produce una deserción de la lectura. La razón es que desde el sistema educativo no se ha conseguido una educación literaria que les incite, desde el placer, a continuar leyendo.  Una parte de este mismo estudiantado será el que, posteriormente, se convertirá en estudiantado de la titulación de Maestro-a. La necesidad de una DLIJ que atienda a las evidencias que nos aporta la investigación es muy importante para conocer el estado de la cuestión y poder avanzar, es decir, debemos atender a los resultados de las investigaciones que en los últimos catorce años nos indican, en el contexto de la universidad española, que cuando ingresan en la Universidad no son lectores y lectoras expertos. Igualmente importante es implementar una DLIJ que incluya aquellas teorías y prácticas que producen transformación en el estudiantado favoreciendo la educación literaria en su formación como maestras y maestros. La asignatura de LIJ puede convertirse en la palanca de transformación identitaria literaria del estudiantado,   (re)construida, como señala Duszynski (2016) desde su propia historia de lectora y lector.
Repensando la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura
Authors: Escalante Varona Alberto
Published: June 2020

Reseña de:

CAMPOS FERNÁNDEZ-FÍGARES, M. y QUILES CABRERA, M.C. (eds.)

Repensando la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura

Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019.
De las fichas de marfil a la inteligencia artificial: panorama histórico de la evolución del juego como herramienta de enseñanza de lenguas
Authors: Silva Haydée
Published: June 2020

El artículo esboza un panorama histórico de la evolución de la noción de juego como herramienta de enseñanza de lenguas y, especialmente, de lenguas extranjeras desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Se parte del postulado de que el juego no remite a un referente fenomenológico único, sino que debe ser estudiado como una construcción social variable, cuyo universo semántico es rico y contradictorio, pues opera según una lógica sedimentaria. A través de la revisión de la literatura pedagógica en general y de los textos en didáctica de lenguas y culturas en particular, se elucida las razones por las cuales diferentes corrientes de pensamiento han relacionado a lo largo de los siglos tanto juego y educación como juego y didáctica de lenguas y culturas. Este recorrido diacrónico precede a una reflexión en torno al estatus actual del juego, en una época dominada por el enfoque orientado a la acción y marcada por una creciente ludicización.
Flexibilizações curriculares nas línguas estrangeiras: experiências educacionais junto à estudantes público-alvo da educação especial
Authors: Camargo Renata Gomes , Silva Ciriane Jane Casagrande da
Published: June 2020

A educação especial é uma modalidade de ensino transversal, que perpassa todos os níveis de ensino. Nas instituições educacionais, a atuação dessa modalidade implica a existência de um projeto pedagógico inclusivo e a realização de um trabalho colaborativo entre os docentes da educação especial e das demais disciplinas. O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir atividades flexibilizadas, realizadas com estudantes público-alvo da educação especial, nas aulas da disciplina de língua estrangeira. Este trabalho tem a sua metodologia embasada na investigação qualitativa (GIL, 2010), utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) para estudar o planejamento e a aplicação de atividades de língua estrangeira com estudantes público-alvo da educação especial. Elegeram-se duas categorias para análise: características de flexibilização e mediação da aprendizagem. As atividades foram realizadas nos anos de 2015 e 2016, no Colégio de Aplicação/UFSC, com três estudantes adolescentes: um com Paralisia Cerebral e dois com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, que frequentavam as aulas de francês, inglês e alemão, respectivamente. Como principais referenciais que embasam este artigo, têm-se documentos legais e publicações relacionadas à inclusão educacional (BRASIL, 2008, 2011) e à flexibilização curricular (BLANCO, 2004; BRASIL, 1996; GLAT; OLIVEIRA, 2003). Os resultados indicaram a importância da flexibilização das atividades na elaboração dos objetivos propostos e na seleção e mediação dos materiais elaborados, com destaque para as atividades lúdicas e jogos pedagógicos, contemplando as especificidades dos estudantes. Conclui-se que a flexibilização curricular e a mediação adequada propiciaram aprendizagens significativas para os estudantes, nas línguas estrangeiras.
Global technologies, glocal approach: a false paradox
Authors: Schafer Valérie
Published: June 2020

This article seeks to identify the factors that have led researchers to root their historical approach in a national or regional context, rather than a global one. This may seem paradoxical when the Internet is thought to be global, and digital content and cultures at least partially cross-borders. These approaches are determined by reactions to a history of the Internet that has been far too focused on the United States from the outset, by a desire to consider this history in a given context, and by the historical sources. However, the use of national and regional approaches does not preclude the stimulating comparative or transnational perspectives that may renew this history in terms of infrastructure, missing narratives and user participation, as well as technical and human networks. We even suggest that studying the history of the places, people and communities that remain outside networks (whether by choice or by necessity) could tell us a lot about the global and asymmetric reality of the Internet.
Constitucionalismo Crítico: Antonio Negri à luz de Franz Neumann
Authors: Rodriguez José Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Este artigo discute a visão de poder constituinte de Antonio Negri à luz da teoria do direito de Franz Neumann. O texto apresenta as características essenciais do constitucionalismo e a sua crítica por Negri (2015) no livro O Poder Constituinte. Para Negri (2015), o constitucionalismo tem como função central impedir a transformação social radical por meio da con- tenção do poder constituinte. A seguir, o texto discute essa crítica à luz de Franz Neumann (2009; 2013) procurando mostrar que nem toda transformação radical é necessariamente progressista, especialmente se deixar de lado algumas garantias presentes na tradição do constitucionalismo.
A Recepção da Escola Positiva e da Escola Clássica no Pensamento Criminológico Brasileiro pela Ótica de Moniz Sodré e Filinto Bastos
Authors: Fernandes Dias Rebeca
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo analisa como um célebre embate da Ciência Criminal (final do século XIX e primeira metade do XX), a disputa entre Escola Clássica e Escola Positiva, vai se reproduzir no cenário brasileiro a partir de dois grandes juristas, referências no período e professores de Direito Criminal de Faculdades de Direito da época: Moniz Sodré e Filinto Bastos. O primeiro é divulgador e adepto confesso da Escola Positiva, enquanto o segundo defen- de os postulados da Escola Clássica. De lados opostos nessa “disputa” da Ciência Criminal, ambos, todavia, declaravam-se liberais. Contradição? A metodologia escolhida é a de caráter teórico-exploratória da literatura disponível e levantada.
A Nova Lei de Migração Brasileira e sua Regulamentação da Concessão de Vistos aos Migrantes
Authors: Mendes Aylle De Almeida , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo dialoga com os avanços e os desafios no estabelecimento de um novo marco legal quanto ao fluxo migratório no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta o tema sobre a regulamentação da concessão de vistos aos migrantes a partir da perspectiva da Lein. 13.445/2017. Em seguida, aborda-se sobrea concessão de alguns tipos de vistos, que é o documento que dá a seu titular a expectativa de ingresso em território nacional, e a sua regulamentação pelo Decreto n. 9.199/2017 apontando algumas de suas incongruências, o que poderá gerar cerceamento de direitos dos migrantes. A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-bibliográfica e segue o método descritivo-indutivo.
Distinct responses of Asian summer monsoon to black carbon aerosols and greenhouse gases
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Myhre Gunnar , Liu Xiaodong , Li Xinzhou , Shi Zhengguo , Wang Hongli , Kirkevåg Alf , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Shindell Drew , Takemura Toshihiko , Liu Yangang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosols emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources induce positive radiative forcing and global warming, which in turn significantly affect the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). However, many aspects of the BC effect on ASM remain elusive and largely inconsistent among previous studies, which is strongly dependent on different low-level thermal feedbacks over the Asian continent and the surrounding ocean. This study examines the response of ASM to BC forcing in comparison with the effect of doubled greenhouse gases (GHGs) by analyzing the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP) simulations under an extreme high BC level (10 times modern global BC emissions or concentrations, labeled by BC × 10) from nine global climate models (GCMs). The results show that although BC and GHGs both enhance the ASM precipitation minus evaporation (P–E) (a 13.6 % increase for BC forcing and 12.1 % for GHGs from the nine-model ensemble, respectively), there exists a much larger uncertainty in changes in ASM P–E induced by BC than by GHGs. The summer P–E is increased by 7.7 % to 15.3 % due to these two forcings over three sub-regions including East Asian, South Asian, and western North Pacific monsoon regions. Further analysis of moisture budget reveals distinct mechanisms controlling the increases in ASM P–E induced by BC and GHGs. The change in ASM P–E by BC is dominated by the dynamic effect due to the enhanced large-scale monsoon circulation, whereas the GHG-induced change is dominated by the thermodynamic effect through increasing atmospheric water vapor. Radiative forcing of BC significantly increases the upper-level atmospheric temperature over the Asian region to enhance the upper-level meridional land-sea thermal gradient (MLOTG), resulting in a northward shift of the upper-level subtropical westerly jet and an enhancement of the low-level monsoon circulation; whereas radiative forcing of GHGs significantly increases the tropical upper-level temperature, which reduces the upper-level MLOTG and suppresses the low-level monsoonal circulation. Hence, our results indicate a different mechanism of BC climate effects under the extreme high BC level, that BC forcing significantly enhances the upper-level atmospheric temperature over the Asian region, determining ASM changes, instead of low-level thermal feedbacks as indicated by previous studies.
Evaluation of the MODIS Collection 6 multilayer cloud detection algorithm through comparisons with CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar and CALIPSO CALIOP products
Authors: Marchant Benjamin , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry , Wind Galina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Since multilayer cloud scenes are common in the atmosphere and can be an
important source of uncertainty in passive satellite sensor cloud
retrievals, the MODIS MOD06 and MYD06 standard cloud optical property products
include a multilayer cloud detection algorithm to assist with data quality
assessment. This paper presents an evaluation of the Aqua MODIS MYD06
Collection 6 multilayer cloud detection algorithm through comparisons with
active Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) products that have the ability to provide cloud
vertical distributions and directly classify multilayer cloud scenes and
layer properties. To compare active sensor products with an imager such as
MODIS, it is first necessary to define multilayer clouds in the context of
their radiative impact on cloud retrievals. Three main parameters have thus
been considered in this evaluation: (1) the maximum separation distance
between two cloud layers, (2) the thermodynamic phase of those layers and
(3) the upper-layer cloud optical thickness. The impact of including the
Pavolonis–Heidinger multilayer cloud detection algorithm, introduced in
Collection 6, to assist with multilayer cloud detection has also been
assessed. For the year 2008, the MYD06 C6 multilayer cloud detection
algorithm identifies roughly 20 % of all cloudy pixels as multilayer
(decreasing to about 13 % if the Pavolonis–Heidinger algorithm output
is not used). Evaluation against the merged CPR and CALIOP 2B-CLDCLASS-lidar
product shows that the MODIS multilayer detection results are quite
sensitive to how multilayer clouds are defined in the radar and lidar product
and that the algorithm performs better when the optical thickness of the
upper cloud layer is greater than about 1.2 with a minimum layer separation
distance of 1 km. Finally, we find that filtering the MYD06 cloud optical
properties retrievals using the multilayer cloud flag improves aggregated
statistics, particularly for ice cloud effective radius.
Empirically-Derived Parameterizations of the Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect based on ORACLES Aircraft Observations
Authors: Cochrane Sabrina P. , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Chen Hong , Pilewskie Peter , Kittelman Scott , Redemann Jens , LeBlanc Samuel , Pistone Kristina , Kacenelenbogen Meloë , Segal Rozenhaimer Michal , Shinozuka Yohei , Flynn Connor , Dobracki Amie , Zuidema Paquita , Howell Steven , Freitag Steffen , Doherty Sarah
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This work establishes an observationally-driven link from mid-visible aerosol optical depth (AOD) and other scene parameters to broadband shortwave irradiance (and by extension, the direct aerosol radiative effect, DARE), based on observations from the 2016 and 2017 field campaigns of ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS). Specifically, this is done by two parameterizations, one spanned by the mid-visible AOD and scene albedo below the aerosol layer, and another one with a third input, the mid-visible aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA). These parameterizations build on the earlier concept of radiative forcing efficiency, which describes the dependence of DARE on the AOD, and extend it to make the dependence on the other two scene parameters explicit. The parameterizations are founded on 9 cases from the campaigns, for which we retrieve the spectral aerosol properties of SSA and asymmetry parameter (g) directly from the radiative fluxes, based on the method presented in Cochrane et al. (2019). These properties are used as the basis of the parameterizations, capturing the natural variability of the study region as sampled. The majority of the case-to-case variability within the ORACLES DARE dataset is attributable to the dependence on AOD and scene albedo. This is captured by the first parameterization, which is advantageous when satellite retrievals provide only limited information such as AOD and scene albedo. However, the second parameterization explains even more of the case-to-case variability by introducing the mid-visible SSA as third parameter. For both parameterizations, we provide the necessary coefficients, uncertainties, and code required for the user to reconstruct the parameterization for their use.
Optimal grid resolution for precipitation maps from commercial microwave link networks
Authors: van de Beek Remco (C. Z.) , Olsson Jonas , Andersson Jafet
Published: June 2020

Abstract. High-resolution precipitation observation based on signal attenuation in a Commercial Microwave Link (CML) network is an emerging technique that is becoming more and more used. Commonly, the raw data – line measurements from successive time steps – are mapped onto a grid to estimate precipitation fields with a full spatio-temporal coverage. Assuming the CML-estimated precipitation to be accurate, the attainable resolutions
in time and space are primarily dependent on two factors: (i) the spatial
distribution of the link network and (ii) the spatial correlation properties of the precipitation. Here we outline a pragmatic method for estimating the optimal resolution based on variogram analysis. The method is demonstrated using a CML network and a representative variogram in Stockholm, Sweden. Conceivable applications include preliminary investigations in cities considering starting CML-based precipitation observations.
Standardized flux seasonality metrics: A companion dataset for FLUXNET annual product
Authors: Yang Linqing , Noormets Asko
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Phenological events are integrative and sensitive indicators of ecosystem processes that respond to climate, water and nutrient availability, disturbance, and environmental change. The seasonality of ecosystem processes, including biogeochemical fluxes, can similarly be decomposed to identify key transition points and phase durations, which can be determined with high accuracy, and are specific to the processes of interest. As the seasonality of different processes differ, it can be argued that the interannual trends and responses to environmental forcings can be better described through the fluxes’ own temporal characteristics than through correlation to traditional phenological events like bud-break or leaf coloration. Here we present a global dataset of seasonality or phenological metrics calculated for gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) calculated for the FLUXNET 2015 Dataset of about 200 sites and 1500 site-years of data. The database includes metrics (i) on absolute flux scale for comparisons with flux magnitudes, and (ii) on normalized scale for comparisons of change rates across different fluxes. Flux seasonality was characterized by fitting a single-pass double-logistic model to daily flux integrals, and the derivatives of the fitted time series were used to extract the phenological metrics marking key turning points, season lengths and rates of change. Seasonal transition points could be determined with 95 % confidence interval of 6–11 days for GPP, 8–14 days for RE, 10–15 days for LE and 15–23 days for H. The phenology metrics derived from different partitioning methods diverged, at times significantly. This Flux Seasonality Metrics Database (FSMD) can be accessed at U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Environmental Systems Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE, https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.15485/1602532; Yang and Noormets, 2020). We hope that it will facilitate new lines of research, including (1) validating and benchmarking ecosystem process models, (2) parameterizing satellite remote sensing phenology and Phenocam products, (3) optimizing phenological models, and (4) generally expanding the toolset for interpreting ecosystems responses to changing climate.
Monitoring surface deformation of deep salt mining in Vauvert (France), combining InSAR and levelling data for multi-sources inversion
Authors: Furst Séverine Liora , Doucet Samuel , Vernant Philippe , Champollion Cédric , Carme Jean-Louis
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The salt mining industrial exploitation located in Vauvert (France) has been injecting water at high pressure in wells to dissolve salt layers at depth. The extracted brine is used in chemical industry for more than thirty years, inducing a subsidence of the surface. Yearly levelling surveys monitor the deformation since the 1996. This dataset is supplemented by synthetic aperture radar images, and since 2015, GNSS data are also continuously measuring the deformation. New wells are regularly drilled to carry on with the exploitation of the salt layer, maintaining the subsidence. We make use of this careful monitoring by inverting the geodetic data to constrain a model of deformation. As InSAR and levelling are characterized by different strengths (spatial and temporal coverage for InSAR, accuracy for levelling) and weaknesses (various biases for InSAR, notably atmospheric, very limited spatial and temporal coverage for levelling), we choose to combine SAR images with levelling data, to produce a 3-D velocity field of the deformation. To do so, we develop a two-step methodology which consists first by estimating the 3-D velocity from images in ascending and descending acquisition of Sentinel 1 between 2015 and 2017, and second by applying a weighted regression kriging to improve the vertical component of the velocity in the areas where levelling data are available. GNSS data are used to control the resulting velocity field. We design an analytical model based on the geological and geophysical data. The model is made of 21 planes of dislocation with fixed position and geometry. We invert the combined geodetic dataset to estimate the slip and tensile motions of each plane. The results of the inversion highlight two behaviours of the salt layer: a major collapse of the salt layer beneath the extracting wells and a salt flow from the deepest and most external zones towards the centre of the exploitation.
Dynamic wake meandering model calibration using nacelle-mounted lidar systems
Authors: Reinwardt Inga , Schilling Levin , Dalhoff Peter , Steudel Dirk , Breuer Michael
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Light detection and ranging (lidar) systems have gained a great importance in today's wake characteristic measurements. The aim of this measurement campaign is to track the wake meandering and in a further step to validate the wind speed deficit in the meandering frame of reference (MFR) and in the fixed frame of reference using nacelle-mounted lidar measurements. Additionally, a comparison of the measured and the modeled wake degradation in the MFR was conducted. The simulations were done with two different versions of the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model. These versions differ only in the description of the quasi-steady wake deficit. Based on the findings from the lidar measurements, the impact of the ambient turbulence intensity on the eddy viscosity definition in the quasi-steady deficit has been investigated and, subsequently, an improved correlation function has been determined, resulting in very good conformity between the new model and the measurements.
Barter Machine: An Autonomous, Distributed Barter Exchange on the Ethereum Blockchain
Authors: Ozturan Can
Published: June 2020

Direct bartering allows for the trading of assets with or without the use of money. In this paper, we introduce a smart contract written in the Solidity language for the Ethereum blockchain that implements a distributed and autonomous direct barter exchange operated by crowds. Since ERC20 smart contract tokens are widely used for initial coin offerings (ICOs), our implementation provides autonomous bartering services for ERC20 tokens. The non-fungible ERC721 token, as well as Ethereum Name Service (ENS) name bartering, are also supported. Because finding a feasible bartering solution for bids involving multiple tokens is NP-hard in general, our exchange only provides escrow and swapping services. It assumes feasible solutions are submitted by bartering problem solvers from the crowd who run a solver locally on their machines. Bartering problem solvers are incentivized to submit solutions to the autonomous exchange by awarding them with excess tokens that are left over after granting the bidders the tokens they requested in their bids. Our system, called BarterMachine, can perhaps be used to facilitate a global barter economy. The BarterMachine prototype is available for testing on the Ethereum Ropsten network at https://bartermachine.github.io/bartermachine/ropsten/.
The Values Debate at the Nexus of Transnational Perspectives on Human Rights and Citizenship Education
Authors: Hébert Yvonne , Eyford Glen , Jutras France
Published: June 2020

Serving as introduction to the collection of papers in this issue, this paper takes up seven themes to situate each paper in the debates that characterize the field of citizenship education and to attempt to understand the linkages between values, human rights and citizenship education in a transnational era. The themes explore planetary philosophical perspectives; understand values as practice and human rights as foundational to values; set geopolitical considerations of values in postcolonial perspectives and pedagogical perspectives in transnational contexts; characterize citizenship education as a contested field; and reflect upon the relevance of transnationalism to the values debate. In a concluding note, we remark that negotiating multiple, transcultural and transnational frames of reference is not unusual for many youth today nor is it in many countries; and as such, is the very nexus of education for democratic living in a transnational and transcultural times.
Jouant le rôle d’introduction à la série d’articles publiés dans ce numéro de la revue, cet article met en relief sept thèmes qui permettent de situer chaque article dans les débats qui caractérisent le champ de l’éducation à la citoyenneté, pour ainsi tenter de faire comprendre les liens entre les valeurs, les droits de la personne et l’éducation à la citoyenneté dans notre monde transnational. Ces thèmes portent sur l’exploration des perspectives philosophiques planétaires; la compréhension des valeurs dans la pratique et les droits humains comme fondements aux valeurs de la citoyenneté; le fait de considérer les aspects géopolitiques des valeurs dans une perspective postcoloniale et ses répercussions pédagogiques dans des contextes transnationaux; les caractéristiques de l’éducation à la citoyenneté comme champ faisant l’objet de critiques; et la réflexion sur le sens du transnationalisme dans le débat sur les valeurs. En conclusion, nous remarquons que le fait de considérer des cadres de référence multiples, transculturels et transnationaux n’est pas inhabituel pour de nombreux jeunes ni pour de nombreux pays. Cela constitue en soi le coeur dynamique d’où peut jaillir l’éducation pour la vie démocratique à notre époque caractérisée par le transnational et le transculturel.
L’éducation à la citoyenneté : une responsabilité désormais explicite à l’école québécoise d’accord, mais au nom de quelles valeurs ?
Authors: Jutras France
Published: June 2020

Partant d’une analyse des visées de l’éducation à la citoyenneté dans les discours des organismes mondiaux voués à la promotion de l’éducation, de la politique éducative québécoise et des programmes d’études du primaire et du secondaire qui l’actualisent, ainsi que de la recherche sur les buts et les moyens mis à la disposition du personnel enseignant pour l’intervention en ce sens, cet article met en relief les grandes orientations de l’éducation à la citoyenneté de manière à dégager ses valeurs fondatrices. Puis, une étude empirique auprès de novices en enseignement au secondaire permet d’identifier les valeurs que ceux-ci disent vivre dans leur pratique quotidienne d’éducation et de les mettre en relation avec les valeurs des grandes orientations de l’éducation à la citoyenneté.
Starting with an analysis of the goals of citizenship education, as seen in the discourses of world organizations devoted to the promotion of education, Québec educational policy, elementary and secondary programs of study, as well as research on the goals and means available to teaching personnel in this domain, this paper dwells upon the major orientations of citizenship education so as to bring out its founding values. Then, an empirical study of beginning secondary teachers, permits an identification of the values reportedly lived in their daily educational practices and their linkage to the major orientations of citizenship education.
On the Intersectionality of Transnationalism and Citizenship
Authors: Wilkinson Lori
Published: June 2020

Seen positively, transnationalism enriches the cultural, linguistic and religious diversity of many countries and enhances the exchange of goods and services in the increasingly globalized economy. Seen negatively, transnationalism creates disunity in terms of introducing new ethnic, linguistic and religious traditions in developed countries, and poses risks to security and national well being. This paper examines citizenship conceptions, policies and practices directed towards transnational migrants within the European Union, the United States, and Canada.
D’un point de vue positif, le transnationalisme enrichit la diversité culturelle, linguistique et religieuse de plusieurs pays et il accroît les échanges de produits et services dans une économie de plus en plus mondialisée. D’un point de vue négatif, le transnationalisme crée des pertes d’unité par l’introduction de nouvelles traditions ethniques, linguistiques et religieuses dans les pays développés, de même qu’il pose des risques à la sécurité et au bien-être national. Cet article examine les conceptions de la citoyenneté, les politiques et les pratiques à l’égard des migrants transnationaux dans l’Union européenne, aux États-Unis et au Canada.
Citoyenneté et valeurs dans l’Eurafrique
Authors: Mbele Charles-Romain
Published: June 2020

Tenter de cerner la question de la «citoyenneté et des valeurs » avec quelque complexité et profondeur dépasse le face-à-face entre l’Europe et l’Afrique. D’une part, dans une série de conférences à l’aube du 21e siècle, l’Unesco s’est demandé « Où vont les valeurs ? » D’autre part, « les liens préférentiels » entre l’Europe et l’Afrique sont désormais sous la juridiction de l’Organisation mondiale du Commerce. De ce point de vue, interroger le statut politique et civique des hommes et des femmes dans le cadre institutionnel et partenarial de l’Eurafrique, c’est en creux se demander quel sort est réservé, par l’économie-monde actuelle, au fait d’être citoyen. Étant donné le déséquilibre qui caractérise l’Eurafrique, ce n’est qu’avec l’engagement actif des citoyens qui votent et participent à une société civile critique qu’un nouveau partenariat favorable aux Africains pourrait s’actualiser.
Attempting to plumb the complexity and depth of the issue of citizenship and values goes well beyond the interface between Europe and Africa. On one hand, in a series of communications at the beginning of the 21st century, UNESCO asked itself, “Where are the values?” On the other hand, the “preferential links” between Europe and Africa are henceforth under the jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization. From this point of view, questioning the political and civic status of men and women in the institutional framework and partnership of Eurafrica, means to ask oneself what destiny is reserved, by the current world economy, to the fact of being citizen. Given the disequilibrium that characterizes Eurafrica, it is only with the active engagement of citizens who vote and participate in a critical civil society that a new partnership favorable to Africans could be actualized.
La guerre et le génocide de 1994: Impacts et nouveaux espoirs sur l'éducation des jeunes filles au Rwanda
Authors: Mujawamariya Donatille , Ship Susan
Published: June 2020

A travers un cadre theorique femme/genre et developpement, les auteures menent une discussion sur la sous-scolarisation des filles au Rwanda. Elles explorent ensuite comment les inegalites de genre interagissent avec des inegalites socioeconomiques et regionales pour entraver l'acces equitable et la participation des filles it l'education formelle au cours des periodes coloniale, apres l'independance et postgenocide. Dans la suite, elles montrent comment les organisations de femmes jouent, actuellement, un role crucial dans la promotion de l'empowerment des filles et l'equite de genre en education a travers la conscientisation a la problematique de genre, des programmes et activites innovateurs.
The authors discuss, through a women/gender and development theoretical framework, the under-schooling of girls in Rwanda. Then they explore how gender inequity interacts with socio-economic and regional inequities to establish barriers against girls in their equal access and participation to formal education during the colonial, the independence, and post-genocide periods. They show then how women's organizations currently play a crucial role in promoting women's empowerment and gender equity in education through conscientization of the gender problems, and of programmes and innovative activities.
New Immigrants' Barriers to Participation in Society and the Economy
Authors: Sloane-Seale Atlanta
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the barriers that new immigrants face, in spite of their utilization of the services provided, to their participation and integration into society and the economy in order to better understand the events, factors, and difficulties that have an impact on their economic outcomes. Qualitative methodology and a grounded theory perspective were used to develop themes and patterns from their stories. An inclusive, multidimensional framework, including institutional, structural, situational, dispositional, informational, and self-determination factors for thinking about their participation and integration into society and the knowledge economy related to employment and education has emerged from this study. These components are different in substance and manifestation, inhibit and/or enhance their integration, and operate independently, and/or complementarily with one another for maximum positive and/or negative impact. However, structural factors for employment and education appear to have a mediating influence on all the other factors.
Cet article, portant sur les barrieres que les immigrants doivent sumlOnter dans leur participation et integration sociale et economique, malgre les services mis a leur disposition, cherche a mieux comprendre les evenements, les facteurs, et les difficultes qui ont un effet sur leurs consequences economiques. On se sert de la methodologie qualitative et de la perspective de la theorie fondee pour developper les themes et les motifs de leurs histoires. De cette recherche, surgit un cadre global et a dimensions multiples, comprenant les facteurs institutionnels, structurels, situationnels, informationnels, et d' autodetermination fonnant la base de leur participation et integration dans la societe et de leurs connaissances en economie ayant trait a leurs experiences pratiques et a leur formation. Ces composants sont differents en substance comme en manifestation. lIs peuvent entraver ou ameliorer leur integration et s'operent soit independamment ou de conserve avec les autres pour creer des effets positifs ou negatifs. Toutefois, les facteurs structurels a l'emploi et a la forrnation semblent avoir une influence mediatrice sur tous les autres facteurs.
On Globalization and Ethnomathematics
Authors: Varghese Thomas , McCusker Daniel
Published: June 2020

The changes of globalization are forcing educational systems of developing countries to mimic the curricula, teaching methods and assessment tests of highly industrialized nations. Simply copying a curriculum built for a specific culture, however, may not be effective in another culture as mathematics is a product of the culture and socioeconomic system of a particular country. Mathematics teaching that is founded on and built upon the local cultural knowledge and/or the cognitive background can be more effective and will yield more opportunities to marginalized groups. Inclusion of ethnomathematics (everyday mathematics) in the curriculum helps to situate mathematics in real-world contexts. This article identifies some “everyday mathematics” from two southern states of India and explores how it can enrich classroom practices. School mathematics rooted in one’s culture, practices and history could reorient the whole context of mathematics education and allow the learner to experience mathematics as a human rather than an abstract activity.
Les changements apportés par la mondialisation ont forcé les systèmes d'enseignement des pays en voie de développement à imiter les programmes d'études, les méthodes d'enseignement et d'évaluation des pays déjà industrialisés. Copier tout simplement un programme d'études édifié pour une culture particulière pourrait le rendre inefficace dans une autre culture. Cela arrive surtout dans le cas des mathématiques qui sont le produit de la culture et du système socio-économique propres à ce pays. Un enseignement des mathématiques qui est fondé et bâti sur la connaissance culturelle locale et/ou sur le fond cognitif pourra être plus efficace et procurera plus de chances aux groupes marginalisés. . L'inclusion dans le programme d'études les ethno-mathématiques (mathématiques du peuple) permet de situer les mathématiques dans le contexte du monde réel. Cet article identifie quelques formes de mathématiques du peuple connues dans deux états au Sud de l'Inde et examine comment les utiliser pour enrichir les pratiques d'enseignement. Les mathématiques scolaires ayant leurs racines dans la culture, dans les pratiques et dans l'histoire d'un peuple peut réorienter tout le contexte de l'enseignement des mathématiques et permettre l'apprenant à expérimenter les mathématiques comme une activité plutôt humaine qu'abstraite.
Accessing the Transition to Careers for Female Undergraduates in the Restructured University in New Brunswick
Authors: Reimer Marilee , Mueller Adele
Published: June 2020

The reality of “non-traditional” students attending Canadian universities is increasing with the absence of the baby-boom echo generation in Atlantic Canada and several other provinces. Women students who are “first-in-the-family” face multiple disadvantages in accessing the university to career transition process, none more central than the invisibility of that career transition to students from low income families or those with no previous post-secondary education. This institutional ethnography examines how three universities in New Brunswick are addressing the specific needs of these students and the question of access to careers for non-traditional women students.
La réalité des étudiants "non- traditionnels" suivant des cours aux universités canadiennes augmente avec l'absence de la génération de baby boom dans les provinces atlantiques et dans plusieurs d'autres provinces du Canada. Les femmes étudiantes qui sont les "premières de la famille" doivent faire face aux multiples désavantages quand elles cherchent un accès au processus de transition vers une carrière, dont le désavantage le plus important n'est autre que l'invisibilité de cette transition pour les étudiantes venant des familles économiquement faibles ou pour celles auxquelles manque l'enseignement post secondaire. Cette étude ethnographique institutionnelle examine comment trois étudiantes du Nouveau- Brunswick s'adressent à leurs besoins spécifiques. Elle examine aussi la question d'accès aux carrières pour les étudiantes non-traditionnelles.
Students’ Organizations in Canada and Cuba: A Comparative Study
Authors: Coulter Kendra
Published: June 2020

As a comparative case study of two different national post-secondary students’ federations, the Canadian Federation of Students (CFS), and the Cuban Federación Estudiantil Universitaria (FEU), this paper explores why postsecondary students organize politically. The history and present activities of each organization are reviewed to compare their work as it takes place in two very different national contexts. The paper then moves to a discussion of the political goals and motivations driving these organizations in the neoliberal present and argues that students in both organizations are engaged in similar efforts both to improve their own lives and social conditions more generally.
Cet article, comme une étude de cas de deux fédérations nationales d'étudiants de deux pays différents, à savoir, la FCE canadienne (Fédération canadienne des étudiants) et la FEU cubaine (Federación Estudiantil Universitaria) examine pourquoi les étudiants universitaires s'organisent politiquement. L'auteure passe en revue l'histoire et les activités courantes de chacune des deux organisations pour comparer leurs oeuvres qui ont été accomplies dans deux contextes nationaux très différents. L'auteure continue à discuter les buts politiques et les motivations qui commandent ces organisations dans le néolibéral présent. Elle soutient que les étudiants dans les deux organisations se sont engagés avec un effort semblable pour améliorer leurs propres vies et d'une façon générale, les conditions sociales.
Comparative Education In Canadian Universities
Authors: Larsen Marianne , Majhanovich Suzanne , Masemann Vandra
Published: June 2020

The first section of this article provides a brief overview of the field in Canada, and in so doing, demonstrates the broad nature of Comparative Education within the Canadian context. The second section of this article provides an overview of the comparative and international education programmes, specialization areas and courses in Canadian higher education institutions, focusing on three stages in the history of Comparative Education in Canada: the 1950s-1970s (Establishment of Comparative Education); the 1980s -1990s (Fragmentation of Comparative Education); and the 2000s (Broadening Comparative Education). While the focus in this article is on Comparative Education in graduate university programmes, a discussion about Comparative Education in teacher education is also included here. Two tables are presented which summarize changes in the field over the past 50 years and the titles of specific courses related to Comparative Education offered in Canadian universities. A discussion of the current state of Comparative Education in Canadian higher education follows with a few concluding explanatory comments about the current state of the field.
Dans la première partie de cet article nous offrons un panorama de ce champ au Canada, et en le faisant, nous démontrons la nature étendue de l'éducation comparée dans le contexte canadien. Dans la deuxième partie, nous donnons un aperçu sur les programmes, les domaines spécialisés, et les cours sur l'éducation comparée et internationale offerts dans les institutions d'études supérieures du Canada. Nous les donnons suivant les trois étapes de l'histoire de l'éducation comparée au Canada: pendant les décennies 1950-1970 (l'établissement de l'éducation comparée); pendant les décennies 1980-1990 (la fragmentation de l'éducation comparée); et dans les années 2000 (l'élargissement de l'éducation comparée). Le but principal de cet article est d'élaborer l'éducation comparée aux programmes d'études supérieures mais nous y parlons aussi de l'éducation comparée dans la formation des enseignants et des enseignantes. Deux tableaux donnent le sommaire des changements dans le domaine pendant les cinquante dernières années et le nom des cours offerts dans les universités canadiennes, ayant un trait spécifique avec l'éducation comparée. Nous présentons aussi l'état actuel de l'éducation comparée enseignée dans les universités canadiennes et terminons par quelques commentaires explicatifs sur l'état actuel de ce domaine d'étude.
Appropriations de la décentralisation et régulation des systèmes éducatifs en Afrique subsaharienne : Une analyse comparée des cas du Bénin et du Sénégal
Authors: Tchimou Madeleine
Published: June 2020

Cette recherche analyse la régulation des systèmes éducatifs du Bénin et du Sénégal dans le cadre de la décentralisation de l’éducation qui leur a été prescrite à travers les politiques d’ajustement structurel. Quatre aspects clés du système éducatif ont été analysés: l’offre d’éducation, les programmes d’enseignement, l’inspection et/ou le contrôle des enseignants et la condition enseignante. L’étude de cas à partir de données invoquées a été utilisée. Il ressort de l’analyse comparée des portraits nationaux que les appropriations nationales de la mise en application de la décentralisation demeurent assez distinctes dans ces deux pays et que la régulation actuelle de leurs systèmes éducatifs repose sur un modèle composite.
This paper analyzes the regulation of education systems in Benin and in Senegal in the context of decentralization as prescribed through the structural adjustment policy. Four key elements of the education system are considered: access, curriculum, inspection and, or supervision of teachers, and teaching conditions. The author develops a case study from the available data. The comparative analysis of the national profiles demonstrates that applications of the decentralization process are quite different between these two countries and that the current regulation of the education systems is built on a composite model.
Mesure et Analyse de l’Efficacité des Etablissements de la Formation Professionnelle en Tunisie
Authors: Mosbah Ezzeddine , Bachta Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Le présent travail a pour objectif de mesurer et d’analyser l’efficacité des établissements de la formation professionnelle en Tunisie. Pour cela, une méthodologie en deux étapes a été utilisée. La première étape concerne l’estimation de l’efficacité technique par le modèle BCC (1984). La deuxième étape estime l’efficacité allocative en utilisant les modèles des coûts d’ombre: Kumbhakar (1996) et Balk (1997). Les principaux résultats montrent, d’une part, que ces établissements peuvent être classés, par niveau d’efficacité technique, en trois groupes. Le groupe hautement efficace, dont les scores dépassent 0.8, renferme 20% des établissements. Le groupe moyennement efficace, dont les scores sont entre 0.5 et 0.79, renferme 46%. Enfin, le groupe faiblement efficace, avec des scores inferieurs à 0.5, contient le reste des centres. D’autre part, les résultats montrent que les centres sont allocativement efficaces (> 0.8).
This paper aims to measure and analyze efficiency of public training establishments in Tunisia. For that, a two-stage methodology is used. The first stage estimates technical efficiency scores using the BCC model (1984). The second, based on results of the first stage, estimates allocative ones using shadow cost models: Kumbhakar (1996) and Balk (1997). The main results provide, on the one hand, that establishments could be classified, by technical efficiency level, into three groups. The most efficient group, with scores higher than 0.8, includes 20% of establishments. The middle efficient group, with scores between 0.5 and 0.79, represents 46%. Finally, the rest (34%) represent a lower efficient group with scores under 0.5. However, results show that centers are allocatively efficient (>0.8).