bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-quality LMX relationships, leader incivility, and follower responses
Authors: Thompson Geir , Buch Robert , Glasø Lars
Published: October 2018

The present study focus on the quality of the leader-member exchange relationship as a potential antecedent of workplace incivility. Furthermore, affective and behavioral responses of those exposed to incivility by their superiors are examined. The sample is drawn from full-time employees in various industries located in eastern Norway where both leaders and their direct reports contributed with data. The results show that out-group members are at increased risk of workplace supervisory incivility. Furthermore, in accordance with Andersson and Pearson's (1999) framework, those who are exposed to incivility, will respond with negative emotional affect, which may progress to overwhelm the individual involved and manifest in social loafing. Finally, our results also show a direct association between incivility and both outcome variables. In line with social exchange theory, which conceptualizes the exchanges as a relatively rational calculative process, followers choose to reciprocate by limiting their personal effort and contribution to the organization. Taken together, unveiling two separate processes of supervisor incivility may imply that the relationships between the cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of incivility are more complex than previously assumed.
Revisiting Saarinen’s “Perception of the drought hazard on the Great Plains”
Authors: DeChano-Cook Lisa M
Published: October 2018

This piece revisits Saarinen’s 1966 work on farmers’ perceptions of the drought hazard on the Great Plains. A synopsis of the work is provided as well as a discussion of the lasting influence that this work has had on natural hazards research.
New daily persistent headache (NDPH) triggered by a single Valsalva event: A case series
Authors: Rozen Todd D
Published: October 2018

Objective

To describe a new subtype of new daily persistent headache that is triggered by a single Valsalva event.

Methods

A case series of patients was evaluated in an academic headache clinic over a 3-year time period.

Results

A total of seven patients (four female and three male) were diagnosed with this new subtype of new daily persistent headache. The headaches all began after a single Valsalva event. Average age at time of headache onset was 41 years (males: 39 years; females: 43 years) with an age range of 20–62 years. All patients developed their syndrome during the months of September to February with November and February being the most cited months (5/7 patients). Immediate worsening in the Trendelenburg position occurred in all patients and appeared to be an almost diagnostic test for the syndrome. No patient had papilledema on funduscopic exam. Five out of seven patients had no prior headache history including cough, exercise or migraine. Four of seven patients were of normal weight, while one was overweight and two were obese. A crowded posterior fossa was identified in five of seven patients on brain MRI. On cerebrospinal fluid pressure/volume lowering medication (acetazolamide, indomethacin and/or spironolactone), five out of seven patients achieved 90% plus improvement in headache frequency while three patients became pain free. Three patients were able to taper off medication without headache recurrence.

Conclusion

New daily persistent headache after a single Valsalva event appears to be a unique subtype of new daily persistent headache that is responsive to cerebrospinal fluid pressure/volume lowering medications. An abnormal reset of cerebrospinal fluid pressure/intracranial pressure to an elevated state is the presumed pathogenesis and may relate to the patient's baseline neuroanatomy of a crowded posterior fossa. There appears to be a circadian periodicity to the onset of the syndrome. Worsening in the Trendelenburg position is a probable diagnostic test. Defining new daily persistent headache subtypes by triggering event appears to be making a positive inroad in the understanding of this condition and helps present new effective therapies.
The Contingent Effect of Guardianship on Victimization: An Examination of People With and Without Mental Health Problems
Authors: Teasdale Brent , Daigle Leah E. , Gann Taylor
Published: October 2018

Mixed effects of guardianship on victimization have been found in the literature. It is possible that these divergent findings have emerged because research has not recognized how the need for guardianship may shape the results. That is, individuals who are not suitable targets (i.e., individuals without mental health problems—those who are not perceived as vulnerable or incapable of defending themselves) do not need guardianship, resulting in null findings for the protective effects of guardianship on victimization. We examine the possibility that mental health problems and guardianship interact to produce victimization in the Life Opportunities Survey, a nationally representative survey of individuals in the United Kingdom ( N = 27,516). Logistic regression analyses support our hypothesis that the effects of guardianship on victimization, which is measured as violence or the threat of violence against an individual, are contingent on the presence of mental health problems (i.e., any emotional or psychological health condition). The risk of victimization for those with mental health problems who had guardianship was substantially lower than for those with mental health problems who lacked guardianship (11.5% vs. 17%, respectively). We discuss this finding in light of routine activities theory and crime prevention for people with mental health problems.
How Low-Income Smokers in New York Access Cheaper Cigarettes
Authors: Curry Laurel , Schmitt Carol L. , Henes Amy , Ortega-Peluso Christina , Battles Haven
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

To understand the tobacco acquisition practices of low-income smokers in New York State in light of high cigarette prices due to high cigarette taxes.

Design:

Eight focus groups with low-income smokers were conducted in spring 2015 and 2016 (n = 74).

Setting:

New York City (NYC) and Buffalo, New York.

Participants:

Low-income adults aged 18 to 65 who smoke cigarettes regularly.

Method:

Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts that explored differences and similarities by region. We used the interview guide—which covered the process of acquiring cigarettes and the impact of cigarette prices—as a framework for analysis to generate themes and subthemes (deductive coding). We also generated themes and subthemes that emerged during focus group discussions (inductive coding).

Results:

Some smokers in Western New York have switched to untaxed cigarettes from Native American reservations, whereas low-income smokers in NYC described convenient sources of bootlegged cigarettes (packs or loosies) in their local neighborhood stores, through acquaintances, or on the street. Familiarity with the retailer was key to accessing bootlegged cigarettes from retailers.

Conclusions:

Smokers in this study could access cheaper cigarettes, which discouraged quit attempts and allowed them to continue smoking. The availability of lower priced cigarettes may attenuate public health efforts aimed at reducing smoking prevalence through price and tax increases.
Discomfort discussing HIV/AIDS and lack of awareness are barriers to partner-to-partner pre-exposure prophylaxis education
Authors: Farthing Heather , Rodriguez Anamaria , Armstrong Misha , Iyengar Siddharth , Nigh Evan , Potter JoNell , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne
Published: October 2018

We suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) may serve as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) educators for partners when informed about PrEP. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of PLWH at a public hospital in Miami. A cross-sectional survey assessed the frequency of serostatus disclosure, PrEP awareness, and willingness to recommend PrEP to intimate partners. To evaluate stigma surrounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), comfort discussing HIV with family, friends and intimate partners was interrogated. Surveys were completed by 137 participants; 39.5% had potentially sero-discordant sexual partners. Among respondents, 29.2% reported that they ‘occasionally’ or ‘never’ disclose HIV status to sexual partners. In all, 66.4% of patients reported that they had never heard of PrEP. After being educated about PrEP, 86.0% of respondents reported that they would encourage partners to use it. Participants were asked how often the subject of HIV comes up in conversations. Most indicated that ‘rarely’ or ‘never’ does it come up with friends and family; 46.1% indicated that ‘never’ or ‘rarely’ does it come up with partners. In bivariate analyses, participants with prior awareness of PrEP were more likely to indicate higher frequency of conversations regarding HIV with intimate partners. It is concluded that interventions which utilize partner education to increase PrEP uptake should address stigma and knowledge among other barriers.
GATA3 rs3824662 gene polymorphism as possible risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mosaad Y M , Hammad A , Elghzaly A A , Tawhid Z M E , Hammad E M , Showma A , Abdelsalam R , Elmoughy A , Fawzy I M , Anber N
Published: October 2018

Background

There is no report about the association between GATA3 rs3824662 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Objective

To investigate the possible role of GATA3 rs3824662 polymorphism as a susceptibility risk factor for either adult SLE (aSLE) or pediatric SLE (pSLE) and to evaluate its role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN) in pSLE.

Methods

Typing of GATA3 rs3824662 polymorphism was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction for three groups; 104 pSLE patients, 140 aSLE patients and 436 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results

Non-significant differences were found between SLE patients and healthy controls for the allele and genotype frequencies of GATA3 rs3824662 ( p > 0.05). In pSLE; the AC genotype was associated with LN ( p = 0.04); the A allele and AC genotype were associated with persistent proteinuria ( p = 0.036 and 0.01, respectively) and both the A allele and AA genotype were associated with higher chronicity index ( p = 0.031 and 0.04, respectively). In aSLE; the C allele was associated with cellular cast ( p = 0.03) and thrombocytopenia ( p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between the AC+AA genotypes and the prediction of LN and renal active disease in pSLE ( p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

GATA3 rs3824662 is not associated with susceptibility to SLE either in adult or in pediatric patients; however, in pSLE patients, the heterozygous AC genotype could be considered a risk factor for LN. At the same time, the AC and AA genotypes could be considered as predictors for LN and active renal disease. However, the small sample size is a limiting factor of the present study when interpreting the positive association.
Variation in Platelet Delta Granules Over Time in Young Women Undergoing Evaluation for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Authors: Woods Gary M , Pillay Smiley Natasha , Stanek Joseph , Kahwash Samir , Kerlin Bryce A , O’Brien Sarah H
Published: October 2018

Delta-granule platelet storage pool deficiency (δ-PSPD) is a qualitative platelet function defect associated with variable bleeding phenotypes. Platelet electron microscopy (EM) is commonly utilized to evaluate for δ-PSPD, but intrapatient variability in platelet δ-granule numbers by EM is currently unknown. Fifteen young women aged 11 to 17 years presenting to a young women’s hematology clinic for the evaluation of heavy menstrual bleeding underwent platelet EM testing at their initial hematology clinic visit and at 1 and 3 months later. Platelet aggregation of platelet-rich plasma by light transmission was also performed on all patients at their initial visit. Eight patients had average δ-granules per platelet consistently ≥2. Three patients were found to have average δ-granules per platelet <2 on initial testing, 2 of which reverted to ≥2 on subsequent testing. When initial average δ-granules per platelet was ≥2, initial repeat testing remained so in 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52%–98%) of cases and subsequent repeat testing remained so in 75% (95% CI, 43%–95%) of the cases. Platelet aggregation testing was abnormal in 53% of patients, and there was no apparent correlation between platelet EM findings and platelet aggregation testing. In this small group of young women presenting for the evaluation of bleeding symptoms, we found that almost half of the patients had substantial variability in platelet EM results. Given other identified limitations in platelet EM testing, and the intrapatient variability identified in this study, providers should use caution in utilizing EM in isolation to diagnose δ-PSPD.
Improvements and risks of the proposed evaluation of Cohesion Policy in the 2021–27 period: A personal reflection to open a debate
Authors: Naldini Andrea
Published: October 2018

This review offers an articulated argument and commentary on the evaluation section of the proposal for a new regulation on EU Cohesion Policy. The main arguments are based on the comparison of the new proposal with past experience and unresolved problems in previous programming periods. The new proposal includes some improvements which may reinforce future evaluation, but also some shortcomings that may weaken evaluations and reproduce past failures. There is time enough to discuss and modify the proposal of the regulation to avoid these risks. My ideas and suggestions focus on the necessity to continue and strengthen the commitment to improve the evaluation process and quality but do not imply a drastic change of the proposed framework.
Strengthening the ethical expertise of evaluators
Authors: Stame Nicoletta
Published: October 2018

In today’s turbulent world the ethical contribution of evaluators needs to be strengthened. Evaluators have been constrained making judgments that take account of values and morality by the fact/value dichotomy and other positivist social science precepts. Too often evaluation confines itself to assessing whether objectives set by program designers are achieved. In evaluation, valuing has to support improvement and learning that encourages societal development and equips citizens and stakeholders with knowledge that supports autonomy. This Platform essay argues that past efforts have over-emphasized the ethical conduct of the evaluator. There has been some extension to include broader societal concerns, e.g. the public good and democratic accountability; and more recently considerations of the evaluators’ ethical and moral expertise. However, there has been less attention to judging what constitutes good public policy including relevant criteria and their use. Evaluator judgments must of course include facts as well as values – they are intertwined. This opens up the question of how others have understood the pre-requisites of a “moral social science.”
Implementation and evaluation of Stanford Health Care store-and-forward teledermatology consultation workflow built within an existing electronic health record system
Authors: Kim Grace E , Afanasiev Olga K , O’Dell Chris , Sharp Christopher , Ko Justin M
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Teledermatology services that function separately from patients’ primary electronic health record (EHR) can lead to fragmented care, poor provider communication, privacy concerns and billing challenges. This study addresses these challenges by developing PhotoCareMD, a store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology consultation workflow built entirely within an existing Epic-based EHR.

Methods

Thirty-six primary care physicians (PCPs) from eight outpatient clinics submitted 215 electronic consults (eConsults) for 211 patients to a Stanford Health Care dermatologist via PhotoCareMD. Comparisons were made with in-person referrals for this same dermatologist prior to initiation of PhotoCareMD.

Results

Compared to traditional in-person dermatology clinic visits, eConsults decreased the time to diagnosis and treatment from 23 days to 16 hours. The majority (73%) of eConsults were resolved electronically. In-person referrals from PhotoCareMD (27%) had a 50% lower cancellation rate compared with traditional referrals (11% versus 22%). The average in-person visit and documentation was 25 minutes compared with 8 minutes for an eConsult. PhotoCareMD saved 13 additional clinic hours to be made available to the dermatologist over the course of the pilot. At four patients per hour, this opens 52 dermatology clinic slots. Over 96% of patients had a favourable experience and 95% felt this service saved them time. Among PCPs, 100% would recommend PhotoCareMD to their colleagues and 95% said PhotoCareMD was a helpful educational tool.

Discussion

An internal SAF teledermatology workflow can be effectively implemented to increase access to and quality of dermatologic care. Our workflow can serve as a successful model for other hospitals and specialties.
Evaluation of lateral cooperative working performance of assembled beam bridge based on the index of strain correlation coefficient
Authors: Dan Danhui , Zhao Yiming , Wen Xuelei , Jia Pengfei
Published: October 2018

The assembled beam bridge is one of the most commonly used and most developed structural types in rapid industrialized bridge construction technology. The hinge joint is the key to the overall cooperative performance of this type of structure, and it is also the most vulnerable part in the service period. This article proposes a monitoring and evaluation method for the lateral collaborative working capability of this type of bridge based on the dynamic strain correlation coefficient index. The proposed method has the advantages of no need to interrupt traffic, easy implementation, concise physical meanings, being independent of short-term traffic load, and so on. Its potentialities to be used in the monitoring and evaluation of the technical state of the hinge joint and the lateral collaborative working performance of the whole bridge have been expatiated theoretically. Through numerical simulation analysis and real bridge monitoring data analysis, it is proved that the method is effective and accurate, and can be applied to the health monitoring system of such bridges.
‘A real African woman!’ Multipositionality and its effects in the field
Authors: Dodworth Kathy
Published: October 2018

Critical ethnographic inquiry demands flux in the researcher’s positionality in a double sense. The first is in its attempts to interweave the micro with macro structures of power and domination, demanding a multi-sited aspect, in sensibility as much as locality. The second, following the reflexive turn, is to dismantle the violence of epistemological realism through turning one’s analytical tools onto one’s Self. This turn spotlights the fluidity and ambiguity of one’s identity, disruptive of and disrupted by relations in the ‘field’. Whilst critical inquiry often aspires to emancipate the Self as well as Others, the toll of multipositionality in the field should not be taken lightly. Critical inquiry and its arsenal, of which ethnography forms an integral part, demands a dynamism that can indeed liberate but also incarcerate, without due attention. An honest and reflexive conversation about the emotional and psychological demands of such research is long overdue.
Mass spectral studies of N-oxides of chemical weapons convention-related aminoethanols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after silylation
Authors: Sony T , Sridhar L , Sai Sachin L , Lakshmi VVS , Prabhakar S
Published: October 2018

N-Alkylaminoethanols, N,N′-dialkylaminoethanols, and triethanolamine are the hydrolyzed products or precursors of V-agents/nitrogen mustards. These compounds are prone to undergo oxidation in environmental matrices. Detection of the oxidized products provides a clue for the presence of parent amine compounds and it is an important task in the verification process of chemical weapons convention. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is the technique of choice for the detection of most of the chemical warfare agents; however, it is ideal to develop gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for all the possible degradation products of chemical warfare agents as well. In general, the N-oxides of amines are expected to be thermally unstable; hence, the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the N-oxides of triethanolamine, N-alkyldiethanolamines and N,N′-dialkylaminoethanols is not explored. In this study, the N-oxides of chemical weapons convention-related aminoethanols (13 compounds) were successfully silylated and then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry under electron ionization and chemical ionization techniques. The electron ionization mass spectra showed abundant molecular ions and structure indicative fragment ions including [M-(O+CH2CH2OH)]+. The alkyl groups attached to nitrogen resulted in structure-specific fragment ions that enable differentiation of isomeric compounds. The methane/chemical ionization spectra showed considerably abundant [M+H]+ (>10%) and the expected adduct ions. The retention indices of all the compounds were calculated using Van den Dool's formula. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data together with retention index values could be used for unambiguous identification of the N-oxides of aminoethanols during off-site analysis or proficiency tests.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein for the early diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Perry Luke A , Lucarelli Tom , Penny-Dimri Jahan C , McInnes Matthew DF , Mondello Stefania , Bustamante Alejandro , Montaner Joan , Foerch Christian , Kwan Patrick , Davis Stephen , Yan Bernard
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has shown promise in several studies for its ability to diagnose intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of blood GFAP level to differentiate (ICH) from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and stroke mimics, both overall, and in the first three hours after symptom onset.

Methods

We searched multiple databases, without language restriction, from inception until December 2017. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) modeling was used to meta-analyze results. We conducted subgroup analyses restricted to blood samples collected within 0–60, 60–120, and 120–180 min time groups after symptom onset, to evaluate diagnostic accuracy in the early pre-hospital phase. Between and within study heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression.

Results

The search identified 199 potentially relevant citations from which 11 studies involving 1297 participants (350 ICH, 947 AIS, or mimic) were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the HSROC curve were 0.756 (95% CI 0.630–0.849), 0.945 (95% CI 0.858–0.980), and 0.904 (95% CI 0.878–0.931), respectively. Differences in assays used, but not the other covariates, partially explained between-study heterogeneity ( p = 0.034). The summary estimates for the 0–60, 60–120, and 120–180 min subgroups were comparable to the primary analysis and there was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between subgroups.

Conclusions

GFAP is a promising diagnostic biomarker for ICH diagnosis in the early pre-hospital phase. Test accuracy is affected by assay subtype, but there are still unexplained sources of heterogeneity. High quality, international multi-center trials are warranted to develop and validate a point-of-care GFAP assay for the rapid triage and evaluation of acute stroke in the pre-hospital setting.
Calcified brain metastatic adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bahrami Eshagh , Taheri Morteza , Benam Mohsen
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Calcification in brain metastasis occurs rarely so it is reported in approximately 1% of surgical and 6.6% of autopsy specimens. Here we report a new case of brain metastasis with calcification.

Case presentation

A 44-year-old woman presented with a generalized tonic–clonic seizure with no neurological deficit on physical examination. Brain imaging demonstrated a hyperdense lesion on computed tomography scan and hyposignal and rim enhancement on T1, T2 and T1 with gadolinium injection sequence images in the right parieto-occipital lobe. Intraoperatively, there was a well-defined solid homogenous calcified mass within brain parenchyma. The lesion that resembled a meningioma was totally resected. The histopathological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

Metastatic brain lesions should be in the differential diagnosis of a solitary calcified brain mass, although it occurs rarely. It is important to differentiate it radiologically from intralesional haemorrhage.
Case of giant vulvar condyloma acuminata successfully treated with imiquimod 3.75% cream: A case report
Authors: Hum Matthew , Chow Eunice , Schuurmans Nan , Dytoc Marlene
Published: October 2018

Condyloma acuminata, also known as anogenital warts, represent a cutaneous infection caused by sexual transmission of the human papilloma virus. We present a case of overwhelming condyloma acuminata that was treated successfully without surgery using only topical imiquimod 3.75% cream. The patient, a 66-year-old female, was referred to Dermatology for large protruding verrucous plaques that covered the entire surface of her external vulva, perineum and perianal area. These lesions developed after being treated for genital warts with cantharidin. Four other cases treated with imiquimod were identified in the literature but either required surgery, higher doses or longer duration of treatment or involved pediatric populations. In patients who are not amenable to surgery, topical imiquimod may be a novel standalone or an adjunctive therapy for giant condyloma acuminata.
Linear scar sarcoidosis on thin blepharoplasty line mimicking a hypertrophic scar: A case report
Authors: Kwon Seung Hwi , Jeong Kyung muk , Baek Yoo Sang , Jeon Jiehyun
Published: October 2018

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Skin involvement has been reported in 12%–27% of patients with systemic disease, and scar sarcoidosis is a form of sarcoidosis developing in previous cutaneous scar areas. Scars due to all kinds of trauma, including surgery, vaccines, cosmetic tattoos, and herpes zoster infection, have been reported to be associated with sarcoidosis. Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a mainstay of aesthetic procedure and of surgical rejuvenation of the orbital region. There have been relatively few reported scar sarcoidosis on blepharoplasty scar, considering many blepharoplasty procedures done for the last century. We report a case of 47-year-old woman presented with abruptly forming bilateral scar sarcoidosis on upper eyelid linear scars of 20 years of duration.
Real-world experience of fingolimod in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS Fine): An observational study in the UK
Authors: Mazibrada Gordon , Sharples Charlotte , Perfect Ines
Published: October 2018

Background

Fingolimod is approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in Europe. There is limited information on its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice within the UK.

Objective

To evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis who were prescribed fingolimod by UK neurologists within the National Health Service.

Methods

This was a multicentre, observational study conducted in the UK. Patients were initiated on fingolimod 0.5 mg 12 months before inclusion in the study. Key efficacy outcomes included annualised relapse rate and the proportion of patients free from relapses, disability progression and clinical and radiological disease activity at 12 months following fingolimod initiation. Resource utilisation and safety outcomes were also assessed.

Results

In 12 months of treatment with fingolimod, the mean annualised relapse rate was reduced by 79%, the majority of patients were free from relapses (83.7%). Based on limited data, most patients were free from disability progression and clinical and radiological disease activity. More than 90% of patients continued on fingolimod. Lymphocyte count reductions and liver enzyme increases were observed.

Conclusion

Fingolimod was effective in reducing the disease activity in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients requiring an escalation from first-line therapies who were prescribed fingolimod in clinical practice in the UK.
Is Hard Work and High Effort Always Healthy for Black College Students?: John Henryism in the Face of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Volpe Vanessa V. , Rahal Danny , Holmes Melissa , Rivera Susana Zelaya
Published: October 2018

Differences in exposure to racial discrimination and in coping mechanisms can shape physiological health among emerging adults. This study, grounded in the Biopsychosocial Model, examines whether John Henryism active coping moderates the relation between exposure to racial discrimination and blood pressure in Black college students ( N = 128, M age = 19.33) attending a predominantly White institution. Analyses showed that John Henryism moderated the relation between racial discrimination and diastolic blood pressure but not systolic blood pressure. When participants reported using mean and high levels of John Henryism, more frequent exposure to racial discrimination was significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure, B mean = 1.70, t(92) = 2.11, p = .038; B high = 1.91, t(92) = 2.33, p = .022. Results suggest that more frequent exposure to racial discrimination, in the context of increased use of John Henryism, may be associated with greater cardiovascular risk for Black individuals during the transition to adulthood.
Imperialism and Third World nationalism: Reflections on the coup against Mossadegh’s regime in Iran, 1953
Authors: Patnaik Prabhat
Published: October 2018

The US’s planned and financed overthrow of the Mossadegh’s regime in Iran in 1953 was a classical case of imperialist intervention. Many explanations for this can be offered: US’s racial fellow feeling for British, the main possible loser at the hands of Mossadegh’s nationalism; expectation of economic gains for US oil interests or fear of threat from the Soviet Union. None of these, however, can stand detailed analysis. What can offer a more straightforward explanation is that anti-colonial Third World nationalism could not just be fitted into the world-view of the major capitalist powers, chiefly the USA. It has to be suppressed or thwarted wherever such possibility existed.
Patients’ Experiences of Participating Actively in Shared Decision-Making in Mental Care
Authors: Beyene Lise Sæstad , Severinsson Elisabeth , Hansen Britt Sætre , Rørtveit Kristine
Published: October 2018

Background:

Patients in mental care express a wish for more active participation. Shared decision-making is a way of increasing patient participation. There is lack of research into what the shared decision-making process means and how the patients can participate in and experience it in the context of mental care.

Objective:

To describe patient participation in shared decision-making in the context of indoor mental care.

Method:

A qualitative content analysis of data from in-depth interviews with 16 patients was performed.

Results:

One main theme was revealed: thriving in relation to participating actively in a complementary ensemble of care, which represented the red thread between 2 themes: having mental space to discover my way forward and being in a position to express my case.

Conclusion:

Patients can participate actively in shared decision-making when the patients’ and the mental health-care professionals’ joint expertise is applied throughout their mental care. The patients experience thriving when participating actively in a complementary ensemble of care.
The Italian Apennines between earthquakes, high naturalness and urban growth
Authors: Zullo Francesco , Marucci Alessandro , Fiorini Lorena , Romano Bernardino
Published: October 2018

This paper sets out the results of a study conducted in the inland areas in central Italy on certain phenomena that, for decades, have evolved separately: urban and socio-economic growth, environmental and cultural conservation and the curbing of seismic risk. The study was carried out by analysing the urban conversion of land in the Italian Apennines over the past 50 years, focusing on areas of varying seismic hazard. Our analysis highlights that territorial planning has failed to tackle this risk in an integrated manner, implementing entirely uncoordinated actions that have produced poor results. Thus, our main goal is to study urban development and its effects on the Apennine system and devise possible strategies to mitigate the seismic risk in this area of significant worth, but made extremely vulnerable by policies and solutions that have never been “nature-based”.
Superhydrophobicity of microstructured surfaces on zirconia by nanosecond pulsed laser
Authors: Cai Yukui , Chang Wenlong , Luo Xichun , Qin Yi
Published: October 2018

This article presents a systematic approach to improve the hydrophobicity of microstructured surfaces. It includes a contact angle prediction model for microstructures obtained by nanosecond pulsed laser. Combining with the theoretical constraints for stable Cassie–Baxter state, this approach can be used to optimize microstructures dimensions for maximizing surface hydrophobicity. Laser machining experiments were conducted to evaluate the prediction model. It shows that the proposed systematic approach can accurately predict the contact angle and obtain microstructures dimensions for maximizing surface hydrophobicity. The results also indicate that the contact angle increases with the decrease of pitch of the microstructures. Superhydrophobicity with maximum contact angle of 155.7° is obtained, for the first time, on a microstructured surface (P030) of zirconia with a pitch of 30 µm machined under a laser power at 8W.
Classifying 3D objects in LiDAR point clouds with a back-propagation neural network
Authors: Song Wei , Zou Shuanghui , Tian Yifei , Fong Simon , Cho Kyungeun
Published: October 2018

Due to object recognition accuracy limitations, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) must perceive their environments for local path planning and object avoidance. To gather high-precision information about the UGV’s surroundings, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is frequently used to collect large-scale point clouds. However, the complex spatial features of these clouds, such as being unstructured, diffuse, and disordered, make it difficult to segment and recognize individual objects. This paper therefore develops an object feature extraction and classification system that uses LiDAR point clouds to classify 3D objects in urban environments. After eliminating the ground points via a height threshold method, this describes the 3D objects in terms of their geometrical features, namely their volume, density, and eigenvalues. A back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model is trained (over the course of many iterations) to use these extracted features to classify objects into five types. During the training period, the parameters in each layer of the BPNN model are continually changed and modified via back-propagation using a non-linear sigmoid function. In the system, the object segmentation process supports obstacle detection for autonomous driving, and the object recognition method provides an environment perception function for terrain modeling. Our experimental results indicate that the object recognition accuracy achieve 91.5% in outdoor environment.
The Hidden Face of Cultural Heritage: a science window for the dissemination of elementary knowledge of risk and vulnerability in cultural heritage
Authors: Ortiz Pilar , Ortiz Rocío , Martín José María , Rodríguez-Griñolo Rosario , Vázquez María Auxiliadora , Gómez-Morón María Auxiliadora , Sameño Marta , Loza Luisa , Guerra Carmen , Macías-Bernal Juan Manuel , Becerra Javier
Published: October 2018

The dissemination of research in cultural heritage preservation to the public is a task that needs new models and expressions, to capture the attention of the public and the assessment of results. With this purpose, a new educational experience in Parque de las Ciencias (Science Park of Granada, Spain) was developed. The science window titled Hidden Face of Cultural Heritage (ScW-CH) was an exhibition to show the risks (hazards + vulnerability) associated to different artworks and materials of our cultural heritage (CH). ScW-CH was led by the researchers themselves, in collaboration with museum specialists, in order to develop a new model that makes their research accessible to all demographics. An innovative methodology based into simulating a showcase, was designed to study hazards and vulnerability in CH. Therefore, the montage contained materials, equipment, information sheets, and guides to accompany visitors as storytellers. The aim of the exhibition, was for the visitors to understand the risks posed to our monuments and artworks from a scientific point of view, and to raise awareness about the care that we should give to our CH. The ScW-CH was held for 6 months and visited by 8226 visitors. During the exhibition, a survey about the opinion of visitors was carried out to study the impact of the designed new model and assess the results of the experience. The collected data was analysed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0). Visitors usually presented a medium–high initial interest about visiting this exhibition, and a medium–low level of knowledge of this subject. Thanks to ScW-CH, 92% of visitors showed a very high learning level after the experience. The ratio of interest and learning in the ScW-CH in relationship with the level of study showed that secondary school pupils had the highest degree of interest and learning.
Thin-bed detection using amplitude slicing at minimum interference frequency: Method and application
Authors: Ni Changkuan , Hu Guangmin , Liu Huaqin , Su Mingjun , Ma Hailong
Published: October 2018

In seismic mapping of reservoirs, it is usually difficult to identify a single layer in a thin interbed formation. The main reason for this is interference of adjacent layers in the thin beds. We have developed a slice method basis spectral decomposition workflow to decrease this interference rely on the good vertical resolution of the thin layers, which is not always achievable. To overcome this, we have developed two frequencies at which the thin-bed response is weakest at a fixed time. These are the low minimum interference (LMI) and high minimum interference frequencies. The LMI frequency is useful for thin-bed detection when the thin bed cannot be resolved vertically in the seismic profile. The LMI frequency is usually less than the dominant frequency. However, the thin bed can still be identified on the seismic slice at this frequency. In practice, the LMI frequency can be estimated from the time-frequency spectrum and used in spectral decomposition using wavelet transformation to generate the amplitude slices for various frequencies. The amplitude slicing method was verified by case studies using synthetic and real data from a seismic exploration site in the Junggar Basin, China. The results indicate that this methodology is feasible and effective in identifying oil reservoirs in the thin interbeds strata.
Two-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanosheets as Building Blocks for Artificial Photosynthetic Assemblies
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Mallouk Thomas E
Published: October 2018

Two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets are versatile materials for constructing artificial photosynthetic systems that can carry out photocatalytic processes such as water splitting and CO2 fixation. Nanosheets are anisotropic single-crystals that have thicknesses of 1–2 nm and lateral dimensions ranging from several hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. This structural feature is advantageous for use as heterogeneous photocatalysts, because the diffusion length of photogenerated electron/hole pairs to the surface can be shortened, with less probability of electron/hole recombination. In this Account, recent progress on the development of metal oxide nanosheets and related materials for applications in photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 fixation made by the authors' groups is described.
Ventilation and air quality in urban buildings
Authors: Литвинова Наталья , Litvinova Natal'ya
Published: October 2018

The monograph presents information about the level of existing pollution of the external and internal air of buildings of the urban environment. The factors affecting the air quality of premises in buildings under the influence of stationary and mobile sources of emission, confirmed by in-situ studies, are reflected. Recommendations for improving the air quality of the premises are proposed.
The monograph is intended for teachers, bachelors, masters, doctoral students and researchers majoring in "Ecology", "Industrial ecology".
Recent political history: "Caucasian geopolitical knot" (1991-2011).)
Authors: Вартумян Арушан , Vartumyan Arushan , Карабущенко Павел , Karabuschenko Pavel , Косов Геннадий , Kosov Gennadiy , Кудряшова Екатерина , Kudryashova Ekaterina , Месамед Владимир , Mesamed Vladimir , Морозова Елена , Morozova Elena , Оськина Ольга , Os'kina Ol'ga , Подвойский Леонид , Podvoyskiy Leonid , Резаков Равиль , Rezakov Ravil' , Тихонов Дмитрий , Tihonov Dmitriy , Усманов Рафик , Usmanov Rafik , Шебзухова Татьяна , Shebzukhova Tatyana
Published: October 2018

The textbook is a systematic exposition of the political processes in the countries of the Caucasus region (Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey and Iran) from 1991 to 2011 In terms of methodology all heads constructed on a single sample (each Chapter in seven sections with the same names). This is done so that the reader (student, graduate student, researcher) could compare similar processes in the economic, political and cultural life of different countries in the same historical period and independently conduct a comparative analysis of the processes taking place there.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
For students studying the discipline "political Science". "International relations", "Regionalism", "Economy", "National history", "Conflictology", "Elitology", as well as for a wide range of readers interested in contemporary political history.
Morphophenological characterization of ornamental ginger and selection for landscape use
Authors: Castro Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de , Castro Ana Cecilia Ribeiro , Gonçalves Charleston , Loges Vivian
Published: October 2018

Many species of Zingiber have great ornamental potential, due to durability and exotic appearance of the inflorescences. Despite its large phenotypic variability, they are scarcely exploited or not yet exploited regarding the ornamental potential. To conserve potential ornamental genotypes, and subsidize breeding program, the Agronomic Institute (IAC) maintain a Germoplasm Collection of Ornamental Zingiberales with promising accessions, including Zingiber. The aim was the morphophenological characterization of ten Zingiber accessions and the indication for landscape purposes. A large variation was observed to the evaluated characters: Clump height (CH); Inflorescence visualization (IV); Clump area (CA); Clump density (CD); Leaf stem Firmness (LSF); Number of leaf stems per clump (NLSC); Number of leaves per stem (NLS); Leaf color (LCol); Evergreen tendency (ET); Flower stem growth (FSG); Flower stem length (FSLe); Flower stem diameter (FSD); Flower stem per clump (FSC); Color sensorial perception (CSP); Flower stem weight (FSW); Inflorescence length (IL); Inflorescence diameter (ID); Bracts aspects (BAs); and Flowering season (FSe). The accessions very suitable and with the best performance to use for landscape purpose were Z. spectabile, IAC Anchieta (Z. spectabile), Z. newmanii.
Making War on the Planet
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: October 2018

The dangers posed by climate change have inspired a desperate search for technological fixes in the form of geoengineering—massive human interventions to manipulate the entire climate or planet. But as long as the dominant strategy for addressing global warming remains subordinated to the ends of capital accumulation, any attempt to implement such schemes will prove fatal to humanity.
La pedagogía social frente a las desigualdades y vulnerabilidades en la sociedad
Authors: Úca Xavier
Published: October 2018

La pedagogía social ha sido definida como la búsqueda de soluciones pedagógicas para problemáticas sociales. Una pedagogía social actualizada actúa con sujetos que habitan contextos socioculturales de alta complejidad, sufran o no problemas derivados de aquella. A partir de estas premisas se plantea la pregunta ¿qué puede hacer la pedagogía social respecto a las personas que sufren problemáticas de desigualdad y vulnerabilidad? La hipótesis elaborada es que puede hacer menos de lo deseable. Para justificarla se pone en relación la pedagogía con la política. Las funciones y disfunciones entre ellas determinan las respuestas posibles frente a las situaciones de desigualdad y vulnerabilidad. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre el papel que desempeñan las personas en las relaciones socioeducativas y se plantean las características que debería tener la intervención socioeducativa. Se acaba concretando algunos de los retos actuales de los pedagogos sociales frente a la desigualdad y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad.
IMRT with the Use of Simultaneous Integrated Boost in Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: Acute Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Vošmik Milan , Odrážka Karel , Doležel Martin , Vaculíková Miloslava , Kordač Petr , Zouhar Milan , Petera Jiří , Jansa Jan , Zoul Zdeněk , Paluska Petr , Vokurka Jan
Published: October 2018

Acute toxicity has been evaluated in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-IMRT). The basis of the treatment protocol is an irradiation in 30 fractions with a total dose: 66 Gy to the region of macroscopic tumor, 60 Gy to the region of high-risk subclinical disease and 54 Gy to the region of low-risk subclinical disease. Between December 2003 and September 2005, 38 patients with carcinoma of different locations in the head and neck region were irradiated. Five patients underwent concurrent chemotherapy (weekly cisplatin). Acute toxicity was evaluated according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity scale for skin, mucous membrane, salivary glands, pharynx and esophagus and larynx. All 38 patients completed the therapy without urgency of interruption due to acute toxicity of radiotherapy. No patient experienced grade 4 toxicity. More severe toxicity was observed in patients with concurrent chemotherapy. The results confirm that the irradiation according to our SIB-IMRT protocol is a therapy with acceptable toxicity and there is a space for radiobiological enhancement of this regimen by concurrent chemotherapy, e.g. weekly cisplatin.
Possibilities of Combined Surgical Treatment of Lung Tumours and Heart Diseases
Authors: Habal Petr , Šimek Jiří , Lonský Vladimír , Novotný Josef
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the study was a retrospective evaluation of the outcome of surgical therapy of lung cancer in patients where there was concomitant cardiac disease and who underwent a cardiac operation either because of ischemic heart disease or because of valvular disease. These patients were operated on at various time intervals (two to ten months) after their cardiac operation. Some patients had their lung cancer surgery after the cardiac operation because of the high risk of possible cardiac postoperative complications; in one patient the lung operation preceded the cardiac one.