bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Product category rules development as a reference for PROPER life cycle assessment reporting: recommendations
Authors: Nadirah  , Susila I M A D , Sihombing A L , Yanuar A I , Febijanto I , Rosmeika  , Santoso A D , Kurniawati I Z , Kadir E S , Ghazali N , Suryana Y
Published: December 2023

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) issued regulations regarding monitoring of company environmental performance (PROPER), which required companies to conduct LCA studies for their products to obtain a green or gold rating. The LCA report submitted in the PROPER program should refer to the specified guiding standards, namely Product Category Rules, which contain the necessary elements of product environmental footprint (PEF) for assessing environmental management performance evaluations to meet international standards and ensure acceptance by the international community. This study aims to evaluate and analyze industries that have received green and gold ratings in the 2022 PROPER program and whether their LCA arrangement refers to certain PCRs contained in the international program operators. MOEF and MOI (Ministry of Industry) will use the evaluation and analysis results as a suggestion to build PCR for priority industries. Seven industrial sectors already have PCR as the basis of the LCA study. Additionally, three product categories require establishing PCR as a criterion for LCA.
Comparative assessment of the environmental impact of nuclear power plant technology using life cycle assessment approach: A review
Authors: Pratiwi S A , Nasruddin  , Sasongko N A
Published: December 2023

Nuclear power plants (NPP) are being considered as an alternative energy that could reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are various challenges that need to be addressed regarding the variation of current nuclear technology such as environmental impact issues. To ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of nuclear power plants technology, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach can be used to study the environmental impacts of the nuclear power plant. LCA is a method for evaluating the environmental impact of a product or process from start to finish. By conducting a preliminary LCA study of each Nuclear Power Plant technologies, the environmental impacts of the stages of construction, operation, and management of radioactive waste can be understood. This study can also help compare the environmental impacts of nuclear power plants with other energy technologies. This preliminary study will review the environmental impact from pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, molten salt reactor, and compare with conventional coal power plant to provide compact summary of the technology. The results of the LCA study can help identify areas that require more attention in the development of nuclear power plants in Indonesia.
Analysis of green industry certification implementation on eco-friendly industries in Indonesia
Authors: Aditiyawan  , Pratiwi A I , Sari C K , Ayuningtyas U , Sani A W , Soraya D F , Febriansyah H , Septiani M , Wardani M L D , Hipi M A , Andriyani N
Published: December 2023

Climate change has made many countries aware of the importance of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. This awareness has encouraged many countries concerned about environmental issues to ratify the Paris Agreement, including Indonesia. This research was conducted based on a literature study on how the government realizes support for environmental sustainability in implementing its industrial development to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The study results show that the government has assigned 2 of its state institutions, namely the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to handle the certification of products that meet environmentally friendly standards by providing eco-labels. The Ministry of Industry handles certification of industries that meet environmentally friendly standards in the process and supply chain of their products by awarding Green Industry Certificates. The Ministry of Industry has set 34 green industry standards and appointed 15 green certification bodies. However, the awareness of the industry world to participate in this program is still lacking because there are only 67 industries that have certified themselves as green industries.
Utilization of Fish Bone Waste as a Substitution of Cement in Concrete
Authors: Pratiwi S H , Gunawan I , Sandy B D A
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of using fish bone powder as a substitute for cement and its effect on concrete compressive strength and concrete porosity. Tests for compressive strength of concrete and porosity of concrete were carried out at the age of 28 days using variations of fishbone powder 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results of testing the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 consecutive days were 21,991 MPa, 16,220 MPa, 17,524 MPa, and 12,923 MPa. The largest concrete compressive strength value obtained was a variation of 5% fish bone powder, whereas the porosity values of concrete at 28 days were 11,164%, 12,429%, 11,545%, and 12,764%. Utilization of fish bone waste as a cement substitution can be done in a 5% mixture of fish bone waste. The resulting concrete compressive strength and porosity values are as planned.
Utilization Analysis of Solar Cells as an Energy Source to Supply Oxygen at the Military Hospital of dr. Asmir Salatiga
Authors: Soekarno G R , Sundari S , Rahmawati F , Nugroho A D
Published: December 2023

Hospitals are institutions that require a large and continuous supply of energy to run their operations. Using of intensive energy can have a significant impact on the environment and the use of limited natural resources. In this context, the Oxygen Generator System (OGS) is an important system for hospitals because it requires a continuous supply of energy for 24 hours. This article aims to analyze the potential of utilizing solar energy as an alternative energy source to supply oxygen at dr. Asmir Salatiga. In this study, using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Hospital of dr. Asmir Salatiga has utilized solar cells to generate its own electricity and support the operation of oxygen generators. Oxygen production data shows a significant increase after switching to solar energy supply. The use of solar energy helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to climate change mitigation efforts.
Improved management of waste management by non-governmental groups (KSM) in post-pandemic sustainable waste management in Bogor City
Authors: Suhandojo  , Askinatin M , Tamtomo T D , Wasil A A , Soewargono B D , Heldini N , Widyani A F
Published: December 2023

The post-pandemic waste generation problem in Bogor City continues to increase. The waste managed in 2022 reached 96.25% of the total waste. It can manage and reduce as much as 21.52% of generation while the rest are disposed to landfill. Most of the waste reduction was carried out through recycling activities (20.78%), composting (13.36%), TPS3R (temporary reuse, reduce, recycle sites) (5.36%), and waste banks (2,06%). There are 29 TPS3R units, 26 of which are managed by self-help groups (KSM) and the rest by the government. KSMs have an important and dominant role in managing TPS3R, even though they only serve around 5.4% of households. The limitations of landfills demand that waste be reduced at the household level. Proper management of TPS3R by KSM can increase the reduction of waste generation. This study aims to formulate policy recommendations for improving KSM management in waste management and increasing income from waste processing. A GAP analysis used the primary and secondary data from 2022. The results show that it is necessary to improve KSM management, increase the number of KSM and continue the Bogor City Government coaching program to improve KSM’s income.
A simplified approach to hydraulic model calibration using HEC-RAS for water quality simulation Ciujung river
Authors: Rinjani R R , Nugroho E O , Cahyono  , Kuntoro A A , Adityawan M B , Nurkhaerani F
Published: December 2023

One approach to identifying the pollution load released by the industry quickly and accurately is to create a model taken from a reliable database. HEC-RAS was used in generating the Ciujung River water quality database to be used in simulating various scenarios in modeling water quality projections. In fact, the measurement data sometimes gives a misleading interpretation for understanding the relationship between hydraulics and water quality. Therefore, a simple approach to calibrating the hydraulic data is then developed. The effort to achieve mass conservation philosophy is taken into account in this research, such as bed elevation correlation, boundary condition adjustment downstream and upstream, Manning correction, and justification of flow events according to the limitations of measurement data. The result shows that the proposed simple approach in this research gives a value of coefficient correlation 0,9, at which mass conservation is achieved.
Sustainable plastic packaging waste management strategy based on a circular economy
Authors: Anwar M A , Sasongko N A , Suprihatin  , Najib M
Published: December 2023

Indonesia’s waste volume produced 71 thousand tons in 2022 and reached 26 million tonnes/year. Waste plastic is in second position at 18.37%. With a growth rate of 5%, the worldwide packaged food market is valued at 1.9 trillion in 2020 and is expected to reach 3.4 trillion by 2030. The growth of the packaging industry is predicted to grow by 6% - 8% annually, with the most considerable contribution from flexible plastic packaging, paperboard packaging and rigid plastic packaging. The potential of this packaging makes manufacturers confident in producing because of the rapid growth of the digital market, which makes product mobility even higher. From an economic and durability point of view, this type of packaging makes it a better choice. Flexible plastic packaging was the most produced of the total packaging products (46.73%). The goal of this study is based on a review of literature, analysis of data, and demonstration research, and it is necessary to collect and analyse a large amount of data to develop further accuracy in managing waste plastic in a circular economy to minimise waste generation and improve the environment with an interpretative structural modelling (ISM).
Unveiling the close relationship between Betta burdigala and Betta uberis through DNA barcoding based on COI Gene
Authors: Valen F S , Bidayani E. , Alfian R A. , Prananda M , Notonegoro H , Susilo N B , Ardi W D , Swarlanda  , Aziz M A , Puryoso  , Widodo M S , Faqih A R , Hasan V
Published: December 2023

A Wild Betta burdigala is only known from Bangka Island, while a Wild Betta uberis resides in Kalimantan Tengah and Kalimantan Barat in Indonesia. Both species share numerous physical characteristics, particularly in the meristic count, body color, and specific habitat. In this study, we estimate the degree of similarity between Betta burdigala and Betta uberis using DNA barcoding based on the Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit I (COI) gene. The COI gene is a unique and small gene which found in mitochondrial DNA and is used in the DNA barcoding approach to identify species. This approach allows for the analysis of species similarities and the learning of the evolutionary histories of those species. Based on the COI gene, Betta burdigala and Betta uberis have a close genetic distance and a DNA similarity of 96.66%, much higher than other bettas. They differ by eight nucleotide bases, and their genetic distance is 0.04, while a genetic distance between 0.010 and 0.099 is considered to be low and indicative of high similarity. According to the phylogenetic tree, these species are descended from a single, closely related ancestor on the same branch. Based on the COI gene, we assume that they are identical. Additionally, we advise conducting additional research using the mitochondrial DNA complex and in-depth morphological examination to confirm the accuracy of the study’s findings.
A study of the microclimate effects on thermal comfort in warm-humid climate for urban parks, Pangkalpinang
Authors: Rahmadyani H , Fahri M
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, Urbanization is increasing rapidly in downtown. The increasing phenomenon of urbanization undoubtedly requires special attention, as it significantly influences numerous public health challenges and environmental problems, including the urban heat island effect, flooding, and pollution. Efficient urban planning strategies are vital for mitigating the detrimental effects on the climate, while simultaneously improving the overall quality of life and public health in urban areas. However, the effect of microclimate on urban parks in Pangkalpinang related to thermal comfort has never been studied. This paper studies the microclimate effect on thermal comfort for urban parks in Pangkalpinang. Simulation models will be formulated using ENVI-met. This study focus on investigate the thermal comfort quality of urban parks in Pangkalpinang. Additionally, it seeks to identify the key factors influencing thermal comfort in urban parks, serving as an initial step towards mitigating the urban heat island phenomenon. The result shows that Potential air temperature and mean radiant temperature are the most significant factors affecting the quality of thermal comfort.
Study of the correlation between road connectivity values towards walkability on Jendral Sudirman Street, Pangkalpinang using the space syntax method
Authors: Fahri Muhammad , Rahmadyani Helfa
Published: December 2023

Pedestrian paths are an important aspect of urban planning as a basic human activity in terms of smoothness, safety and comfort. Road network connectivity and integration including those affecting pedestrian volume. In this measurement can be done with the space syntax method. Diagrammatic configuration through the space syntax method effectively characterizes the connectivity and integration of spaces, hinging on three fundamental spatial concepts, one of which is axial space. This study aims to examine the correlation of road connectivity to pedestrian interest (walkability). With the space syntax method, plan analysis and evaluation can be done before the implementation of the design. The area Jendral Sudirman street was chosen as a case study. This research employs quantitative methods within the frameworks of descriptive analysis and simulation. Descriptive analysis here aims to explain the findings of field data and numerical data accurately and systematically. Result shows that the value of connectivity and integration can affect pedestrian interest. With the application of pedestrian facilities on roads with high connectivity and integration values, it will increase walkability.
Utilization of River Sand as a Substitution and Addition of Cement to Increase The Shear Strength of Clay Soil
Authors: Risva G F , Apriyanti Y , Sandy B D A
Published: December 2023

Clay soil is categorized as a poor subgrade material because it has a low soil bearing capacity. One of the parameters in terms of soil bearing capacity is the value of soil shear strength. To improve it, natural resources can be used by utilizing river sand as a substitute for clay and adding cement as a binder for clay granules with river sand. Mixture variations used for river sand are 10%, 15% and 20% as a substitute for clay and cement of 5% of the dry weight of clay and sand. The soil tested came from clay in the Parit Tujuh area, Pemali District and river sand taken by small rivers from the Air Bakung River, Lubuk Kelik River, and Penyamun River in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia. The test carried out is direct shear testing. The test standard uses the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). From the results of the study it was found that the shear strength of the soil increased with the increase in the percentage of river sand and 5% cement compared to unmixed clay, namely 113.302 kN/m2 at 20% variation of Sungai Penyamun Sand plus 5% cement.
Superabsorbent Hydrogel from Cassava Waste Pulp – Acrylamide – Acrylic Acid to Increase Water Holding Capacity in Sandy Soils
Authors: Puspita I , Kurniati M , Winarti C , Maddu A
Published: December 2023

In this investigation, a superabsorbent hydrogel was produced from cassava waste pulp (CWP) and acrylic acid (AA) – acrylamide (AAm) in a ratio of 2:1.5:1 (CWP:AA:AAm) by grafting and crosslinking methods. The grafting procedure is initiated with ammonium persulfate (APS) at a concentration of 1%. In this study, cross-linked structures were produced using several concentrations of methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The impact of MBA concentration on the properties of the superabsorbent hydrogel was observed. The parameters investigated in this study included the equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS), grafting degree, gel fraction, and swelling kinetics (comprising the swelling exponent, swelling constant, and diffusion coefficient). Following this, the hydrogels were sprinkled into sandy soil with the purpose of examining the effects of hydrogel incorporation on the soil’s water holding capacity. The sample with a concentration of 0.5% MBA yielded the highest EDS at 9178% (g/g), as determined by the results. The gel fraction value obtained for the sample was 81.04% (g/g) and the crosslink density of this sample was measured to be 2.78 × 1023 m-3, while the maximal water holding capacity was found to be 54.16%.
Characterization of essential oils of Baeckea frutescen L and Cymbopogon nardus L for development as bioinsecticides
Authors: Roanisca O , Inonu I , Fad Z G , Dirgantara M W , Nugraha H
Published: December 2023

The increase in the world’s human population has implications for efforts to minimize crop production losses due to insect attacks. The use of synthetic insecticides has a negative impact on environmental pollution and human health. There is a need for alternative natural insecticides made from plants that are safe, effective and selective. Baeckea frutescen L and Cymbopogon nardus L are essential oil producing plants. The essential oil components contained in these species need to be analyzed for development as bioinsecticides. In this study, the content of the essential oils of samples were analyzed. The method used was steam distillation and the components of the compounds were analyzed using GC-MS. The results of the essential oil content in C. nardus L included citronella, beta.-citronellol, and trans-geraniol. The constituent components of essential oils in B.
frutescen L are alpha-pinene, 2- beta -pinene, eucalyptol, trans-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, and linalool. Based on the literature, these two plants can be developed as raw materials for bioinsecticides.
Implementation of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Kriging method for distribution pattern humidity and temperature data on weather changes in the Bangka Islands
Authors: Amelia R , Julianti E , Guskarnali
Published: December 2023

Weather is one indicator of climate change on Earth that affects various aspects of life. The role and influence of the weather are also very influential on the elements that influence it. Moreover, the air temperature on Bangka Island has changed from previous years. This research is used to look at the pattern of temperature and humidity distribution in the Bangka Island region by implementing the IDW and Kriging methods. This research provides information on temperature and relative humidity changes from 2019 to 2021. Based on the results of the IDW and the Kriging method, an increase in temperature on Bangka Island occurs in the downtown area to the south of Bangka Island. As for relative humidity, there tend to be more changes from the northeast to the southwest of Bangka Island. In general, there is no significant difference in the implementation of both methods, but if we look at the prediction errors, it can be said that the kriging is better than the IDW method. With this research, it is hoped that it can become a consideration for related parties related to climate change in the Bangka Island Region.
Techno-economics analysis of biosurfactants productions from pseudomonas aeruginosa OPEFB-based with variations in purifications method
Authors: Efendi M Y , Harahap A F P , Karimah A A , Ningsih H , Prasetyaningsih I N , Hafiz K M , Winia P , Utami P A , Muthmainnah S F , Prayitno V , Darmawan M A , Gozan M
Published: December 2023

Palm oil is one of the many natural resources in Indonesia. One of the byproducts of oil palm production is oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), which account for 23% of the weight of palm oil. Most of the content of OPEFB is cellulose, which can be used for the production of biosurfactants. The Biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) production process from OPEFB is assisted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and encompasses three main process sections: pretreatment, fermentation, and purification. This study aims to assess the techno-economic feasibility of biosurfactant production using two different purification methods: solvent extraction and adsorption/desorption chromatography. All process simulations are done by using SuperPro Designer v9.0. The efficiency of production operations and the economic efficiency of rhamnolipid production from lignocellulose will be assessed by comparing two different methods. The results of the simulation show that with purification using a solvent extractor, the purity of rhamnolipid is 98.88% with an IRR value of 75.86%. This shows that using a solvent extractor is more beneficial than using adsorption/desorption chromatography, which produces 99.98% rhamnolipid with an IRR value of 3.05%.
Investigation of subgrade conditions on the Airbara – Toboali road section to improve road quality
Authors: Yofianti D , Muradi D
Published: December 2023

The Airbara - Toboali Road Section is a national road located in South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Some segments of this road often experience road damage, although road repairs have been carried out several times to overcome the damage. The subgrade layer is the most important layer in the pavement structure because it functions to withstand all the loads above it. CBR (California Bearing Ratio) is penetration test used to evaluate the subgrade strength of roads and pavement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the subgrade conditions on the Air Bara – Toboali road section in order to improve road quality. This study uses hand boring testing with 4 sampling points and field CBR testing with the DCP tool. Field CBR samples were taken as many as 30 points every 50 meters from STA 0+000 – STA 1+450. The average CBR value obtained shows that the CBR of this subgrade is in the good category (10.77%). Subgrade conditions per layer, namely at a depth of 0-2 meters the roads have almost the same soil characteristics. However, the soil depth of more than 2 meters in several locations on the road segment has a different character. The results of this investigation are expected to assist road planning so that road quality can improve.
The Density of Anadara granosa in Tin Mining Area at Tanjung Gunung Seawaters, Bangka Island
Authors: Akhrianti Irma , Umroh  , Anggraeni  , Gustomi Andi
Published: December 2023

Tin mining activity has been for quite some time existed in Bangka Belitung, directed lawfully and wrongfully. In the first place, the tin mining activity happens just in the mainland however at this point has been extended to the coastal zone. As the effect, supporting ecosystems such as coral reefs, sea grasses, marine biotas, and mangrove ecosystem cannot play their role normally especially in Tanjung Gunung Waters, Central Bangka. One of biota living at coastal zone in tin mining area is a Anadara granosa. Blood clam (A. granosa) is a type of shellfish that has important economic value and has the potential to become one of the leading marine fisheries products. The research method used is purposive sampling with systematic random sampling. The result showed that the density of A. granosa was low abundant each stasions at Tanjung Gunung. Total Organic Carbon range 1,03 – 5,57%. Sand (80%), Silt (11,65%), Clay (8,35%). Based on the analysis, density of A. granosa has the correlation with sedimen type and water quality (Dissolved oxygen, Salinity, Temperatur, EH).
Implementation of Community-Based Surveying and Mapping of Land Parcels through Field Work Practice to Support Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL)
Authors: Suhattanto Muh Arif , Wijayanti Tri Ida
Published: December 2023

Cadastral surveying and mapping field work practice is an activity for National Land Collage (STPN) as one of the units under the Ministry of ATR/BPN to develop innovation that can be used as a basis for recommendations for the success of Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL). In the year of 2021, the Diploma I of Cadastral Surveying and Mapping Program carried out field work practice of cadastral surveying and mapping in Pagerharjo Village. This field work practice was designed by optimizing the Fit for Purpose Land Administration (FFP-LA) approach to accelerate the land parcel surveying and mapping process. The method used in the research underlying this article is a qualitative method to find out the extent to which the FFP concept can be implemented in land registration of Indonesia during the field work practice. The result of the field work practice shows several factors that determine the success of the land parcels surveying and mapping based on FFP-LA concepts, including the requirements of open areas for implementing photogrammetry-based measurements, the need of easily identified boundaries marker on Photo Map, the awareness of protecting property by the land owners, and the strength of legal guarantees based on the accuracy of measurements.
Geometric Model of 3D Cadastre for Strata Title using 2D and 3D Data Integration Approach
Authors: Widyastuti Ratri , Saptari Asep Yusup , Falihah Syahna Rahmah , Eryan Putri Nabila Sofia , Hernandi Andri
Published: December 2023

In order to establish the Land Administration System (LAS) in Strata Title case, the concept of 3D Cadastre is used widely. The semantic and geometric of 3D spatial unit (3D rights) in the building must be conducted first, but to provide such 3D spatial data is complicated, especially related to the owner privacy. Furthermore, the higher the Level of Detail (LOD) and Level of Information (LOI) of 3D model, the more complex the data acquisition and the higher accuracy needed will be. Therefore, the concept of 3D Cadastre could be adopted where the availability of 2D data still usable, such as the data of as-built-drawing of the building. However, how to do the integration of 2D and 3D spatial data and their accuracy analysis needs to be examined first, as the purpose of this study. The case study of this research is ‘Labtek IXC’, located in Ganesha Campus of Institut Teknologi Bandung. The 3D data was conducted using High-Definition Survey in available room and the 2D data was as-built-drawing in unavailable room (available and unavailable due the ownership privacy aspect). The High-Definition Survey produced the point cloud data. The point cloud data was processed using common steps such as filtering and cloud-to-cloud registration. The data modelling method was used the parametric modelling based on the registered point cloud and as-built-drawing of the building. The result of this study is the integration of 3D model. The geometric of the 3D model was compared with the reference size of the room from the distometer measurement. The geometric accuracy of the 3D model produced satisfactory result, that is 0.019 m.
Reference System and Accuracy Evaluation of InaCORS RTK and Online Data Processing Services
Authors: Ashary Razi , Gumilar Irwan , Bramanto Brian
Published: December 2023

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-time Kinematic (RTK) method is commonly used in Indonesia because it can produce three-dimensional position directly with accuracy of ±5 cm, which is transmitted from a reference station using Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) communication media. InaCORS system provided by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) become the easiest reference station solution with stations that is always on and spread out throughout Indonesia. The InaCORS system provides nearest RTK, virtual reference station (VRS) RTK, and online data processing (ODP) services. Currently, the Indonesia Geospasial Reference System (SRGI2013) has the epoch 2021 reference system. The aim of this research is to determine which epoch is used and the accuracy and precision of the RTK and ODP services of InaCORS. To determine this issue, this study conducted RTK nearest and RTK VRS data acquisition for 5 minutes with 1-second interval, as well as static measurement for three hours at 10 points spread out throughout Bandung. The acquired data was then compared with static data processed through CORS ITB to be considered as the true value. The compared results between the three services of the InaCORS system against the true value indicate that the InaCORS system still uses the 2012 epoch because the difference value is closer to epoch 2012 than to epoch 2021, with a difference between epochs up to 26 cm. The compared results state that ODP 3D accuracy is the highest of the three services with an accuracy of 3.93 cm because ODP process static data which is more stable than RTK data, with 3D precision of 3.97 cm. Between the RTK methods, VRS is more accurate with 3D accuracy of 5.05 cm and 3D precision of 4.03 cm. The nearest RTK method has 3D accuracy and precision respectively 5.65 and 3.87 cm, which is the best precision of all three services. Between the RTK methods, VRS can be said is better than nearest in terms of accuracy and precision, but nearest RTK is more stable and unlikely to fail in measurement than VRS.
Analysis of Water Level Monitoring using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry in River Waters
Authors: Cahyadi MN , Bawasir A , Susilo  , Arief S
Published: December 2023

GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) is one of the newest explorations of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals which utilizes multipath signals to calculate the vertical distance from the reflecting surface to the geodetic antenna/receiver. However, scientific-grade or geodetic GNSS instruments are expensive, which is a limiting factor for their prompt and more widespread deployment as a dedicated environmental sensor. Hence, in this study, low-cost GNSS receiver devices were used to monitor the surface level of PT Garam River in Pamekasan Regency using the GNSS-IR method. The study location of PT Garam River which is quite close to the sea causes the water level to vary following the tides at the sea. This is because there are needs for advanced methodologies to limit GNSS observations in a much narrower area. The river in this case is a more challenging study location in terms of monitoring the water level. Calculation of river water level height with GNSS-IR observations is based on determining the peak frequency on the periodogram resulting from signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data extraction. The two-weeks GNSS-IR observation in this study were applied by installing sideway orientation of GNSS antenna towards the river. This will be done to see how effective the strength of the reflected signal received by the low-cost GNSS devices are in narrow footprint area. Conventional tide gauge near the GNSS-IR site was used to evaluate the accuracy of GNSS-IR in river water level monitoring. Tide analysis is carried out to obtain tidal constituents and tide predictions using least square harmonics estimation (LSE). The resulting accuracy of the validation data is at an RMSE of 15.35 cm, with the correlation value of 0.94. The type of river tides in the study location based on the calculation results is mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal. Tide prediction for 20 days gives promising results with an RMSE of 16 cm. These results indicate that low-cost GNSS device has a promising capability for water level monitoring using GNSS-IR method in a narrow reflector area.
Machine Learning for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Phyton in Sigi Biromaru Area (Near Palu), Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sukristiyanti S , Arifianti Y , Rozie A F , Pamela P , Susantoro T M , Putra M H Z , Lestiana H , Telaumbanua J A
Published: December 2023

Sigi Biromaru is near Palu City; both experienced the Palu earthquake on 28 September 2018. Unlike Palu City, a flat area, Sigi Biromaru is hilly, so it experienced landslides after the big earthquake. This study performed landslide susceptibility mapping for Sigi Biromaru using a machine learning method, namely random forest. Nine parameters were used, i.e., altitude, slope, lithology, peak ground acceleration, land cover, river density, lineament density, rainfall, and aspect. The total data points were 530, half landslide samples and the other half non-landslide samples. We used 70% of the data points to train the model and the rest to evaluate the model. The landslide susceptibility map produced by random forest with no hyperparameter tuning has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 for the success rate and 0.91 for the predictive rate. This study used a novel method in which the non-landslide locations represent the safe zone area, sampled randomly from the lowest class of landslide susceptibility area based on a bivariate statistical model. This study is highly recommended for the initial phase of landslide hazard mitigation.
A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Identifying Potential Industrial Development Locations in Batam Island
Authors: Sari Luthfiya Ratna , Fathimatuzzahrooui’s
Published: December 2023

This research utilizes a multi-criteria decision-making approach to evaluate the potential for industrial development in Batam City, with a focus on Batam Island, an important economic center and a free trade zone. By employing geographic information systems as a decision-making tool, we consider variables stipulated in Minister of Industry Regulation No. 40/M-IND/PER/6/2016 and PERMENPERIN No. 30 of 2020, in addition to the Batam City Spatial Plan for 2021-2041 policy, to assess the suitability of various areas for industrial land use. Based on the identification of the physical potential characteristics of the region, our research reveals the following suitability classifications: Very Suitable (0.14%), Suitable (15.14%), Moderately Suitable (41.66%), Less Suitable (37.91%), and Not Suitable (5.14%) on Batam Island. Considering the relevant Regional Spatial Plan, we identify specific areas with potential for development distributed across different districts: Batam Kota (58.33 Ha), Batu Aji (14.17 Ha), Batu Ampar (232.93 Ha), Bengkong (31.62 Ha), Lubuk Baja (26.45 Ha), Nongsa (336.11 Ha), Sagulung (138.41 Ha), and Sekupang (3.22 Ha).
Reliability of Runoff Hydrograph Model for Extreme Rainfall Events using HEC-RAS 2D Flow Hydrodynamics Rain-On-Grid
Authors: Ansori Mohamad Bagus , Lasminto Umboro , Gde Kartika Anak Agung
Published: December 2023

Hydrological modeling is a valuable tool for analyzing water resources and predicting the impacts of extreme rainfall events, particularly for flood risk mitigation. Accurate results from hydrological models rely heavily on detailed input of watershed characteristics, including morphometric factors, land cover, and slope. In the face of the increasing frequency and severity of floods due to climate change, hydrological modeling has become an essential tool for disaster risk mitigation and management. HEC-RAS is a widely used software for river flow modeling and floodplain analysis. HEC-RAS 2D with the rain-on-grid meteorological model is a powerful tool for simulating flood events in complex river systems. The rain-on-grid method enables the simulation of spatially distributed rainfall events and their impact on runoff, which is crucial for modeling extreme runoff hydrographs. Previous studies have demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of HEC-RAS 2D with rain-on-grid in modeling extreme runoff hydrographs. This study aims to validate the reliability of HEC-RAS 2D hydrodynamics in simulating unsteady flow with meteorological data will be examined within a laboratory-scale physical model of the watershed. Additionally, the performance of HEC-RAS 2D will be evaluated in a observed watershed, specifically the Bangga watershed in Central Sulawesi to assess the performance of the HEC-RAS 2D Hydrodynamics model. The runoff hydrograph reliability model using HEC-RAS 2D rain-on-grid yielded close results when compared to a laboratory-scale physical model with a rainfall simulator and HEC-RAS 2D simulation using meteorological input data. The error in Time of Peak (Tp) and Peak Discharge (Qp) between the physical and numerical models was 7% and 3.5%, respectively. Additionally, in the HEC-RAS 2D simulation, a Manning roughness coefficient value of 0.04 closely matched the results of the physical model, while there was some variability when comparing HEC-RAS 2D results with measured data in Bangga watershed of Central Sulawesi. However, the numerical model exhibited relatively approaching result with the HEC-HMS SCS hydrograph model.
Land Cover Change Analysis on The Coast of Surabaya Indonesia (Case Study: Eastern Part of Surabaya, 1994 – 2022)
Authors: Safitri DA , Nugroho RT , Bespalova L.A.
Published: December 2023

Surabaya is one of the coastal cities which experiences regular land cover changes. The construction of new settlements and changes in land use functions have a significant impact on the coastal environment of Surabaya. This research is a development of previous research which aims to determine changes in land cover on the coast of Surabaya (especially on the Eastern Part of Surabaya) using remote sensing data. Landsat satellite imagery data on 1994, 2003, 2018 and 2022 were used with maximum likelihood classification method. The results showed that the Surabaya coast experienced changes in various land cover classes (urban areas, vegetation, mangroves, ponds, bare land and water bodies). During 1994-2022, Surabaya’s coastal area increased by 10.72 km2 and about 13 km2 pond area is reduced due to changes in coastal land use functions. Eastern part of Surabaya is coastal area which growing rapidly due to the accretion phenomenon (especially in the Keputih and Medokan Ayu sub-districts). The average accretion and erosion rate was measured using DSAS analysis through 1994 to 2022. The average accretion and erosion were showed the value respectively 21.69 m/year, and −2.43 m/year. The coast of East Surabaya contributes 50% of mangrove forests existence in Surabaya.
The Urban Sprawl Typology and The Urban Growth Pattern of Peri-Urban Area in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh
Authors: Rizkiya Putra , Haikal Naufal , Hasan Zainuddin , Aulia Fahmi , Gunawan Arief , Fuady Zahrul
Published: December 2023

After the 2004 tsunami, Banda Aceh experienced rapid urbanization to the south and east of the city as the city grew further away from the coastline. As a result, the urban area grew beyond the city boundary into Aceh Besar Regency, especially in Darul Imarah and Ingin Jaya sub-districts. Hence, these sub-districts experienced rapid development, characterized by extensive conversion of agricultural land into built-up areas. Therefore, uncontrolled development in peri-urban areas will lead to urban sprawl causing negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. This study aims to study the level of urban sprawl and examine the urban growth pattern in peri-urban areas, focusing on Darul Imarah and Ingin Jaya sub-districts. This research used scoring analysis and spatial analysis. First, Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) was used to identify built-up areas in 2005 and 2020. Then, the urban growth pattern was analyzed using Landscape Expansion Index (LEI). The classification of urban sprawl was analyzed using five variables: population density, building density, distance to the city center, development within reach of road network, and leapfrog development patterns. The results showed that 33 villages (40%) in the study area were identified as sprawl. In addition, seven villages (21.2%) were classified as high-level urban sprawl, nine villages (27.3%) as medium level, and 17 villages (51.5%) as low level. Urban sprawl development was dominated by the ribbon development pattern (49.6%), concentric pattern 40.8%, and leapfrog pattern 9.6%. The ribbon development occurred along the main road, while the concentric pattern occurred around the current urban subcenter. The urban sprawl has caused negative implications such as higher car ownership and the loss of agricultural land. This research suggests Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar Regency governments cooperate to control the urban sprawl and its negative impact by establishing a more sustainable urban policy and strengthening regional cooperation.
The Effect of Water Below the Road Surface on Surface Distress Index (SDI) Values in the Road Condition Survey (RCS) Method
Authors: Buana C , Widyastuti H , Prastyanto C A , Sudibyo R W
Published: December 2023

The results of the road damage assessment will reveal the Surface Distress Index (SDI) value according to the Bina Marga method (potholes, cracks and rutting). To determine the effect of subsurface water on road damage, geo-electrical measurements were carried out at road locations where it is estimated that there is subsurface water. At the location of the road segment, the damage value is then compared between the road with normal conditions SDI=aNx±ε and the road with water below the road surface. The results of the SDI value are then compared with the number of tracks of heavy vehicles (N) according to Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) and the area of distribution of water below the surface (Aw). So it is expected to know the correlation model between road damage and the influence of water under the road surface surface SDI’=kAwn. These results will also be used as additional damage assessment items in the new damage assessment method based on the Bina Marga method.
The Effect of Changes in Rainfall Patterns due to Climatic Change on the Cutting Slope Stability of Landslides Case in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Putu Tantri K. , Lastiasih Yudhi , Mochtar Indrasurya B. , Soewarno
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to determine the causes of landslides that often occur on the cutting slope on the side of the Gempol-Pandaan toll road in East Java. Furthermore, this study aims to ascertain the relationship between alterations in rainfall intensity due to climatic change on slope stability. Observation of conditions in the field, topographic contour measurements, field soil testing, real-time data processing of rain intensity, and numerical simulation for parametric study were carried out to determine the effect of changes in daily rainfall on slope stability. Also, numerical analysis using limit equilibrium as well as finite element methods with SEEP/W and SLOPE/W was carried out. The results of field observations showed there was no rainwater collection channel in the slope area, causing the water to infiltrate into the cutting slope body. The fluctuating and increasing rainfall intensity during 90 days of observation can reduce the safety factor of slope by up to 25%. This decrease in safety factors is believed to increase when the duration and intensity of the rain increase as a result of climatic change. Therefore, the integration between the impact of climate change on alterations in rain intensity in an area needs to be considered as an effort to mitigate landslides.
Mapping of Chl-a in Indonesia’s Five Priority Lakes uSing Linear Regression (Case Studies: Lake Singkarak, Toba, Maninjau, Matano, and Towuti)
Authors: Pangestu Martanti Aji , Jaelani Lalu Muhamad , Setiawan Fajar
Published: December 2023

In Indonesia, 15 priority lakes need to be monitored regularly. Model algorithm development is the answer to accelerating lake water quality monitoring through chlorophyll-a concentration monitoring. This research aims to evaluate, develop, and find the most accurate global model algorithm for chlorophyll-a concentration mapping on Lake Singkarak, Toba, Maninjau, Matano, and Towuti. Algorithm development was made based on the existing 22-band ratio algorithm. Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) was used to evaluate the performance of all tested algorithms through the R2, NMAE, and RMSE accuracy results using 42 in-situ sample points of chlorophyll-a collected on five lakes. Lake Singkarak has an RMSE of 0.1 mg/m3, NMAE of 29.9%, R of 0.7, and R2 of 1.0. Lake Toba in the dry season has RMSE of 0.7 mg/m3, NMAE of 22.5%, R of 0.7 and R2 of 0.3. In the rainy season, Lake Toba has an RMSE of 0.1 mg/m3, NMAE of 7.1%, R of 0.5, and R2 of 0.3. Lake Maninjau has an RMSE of 0.6 mg/m3, NMAE of 32.5%, R of 0.5, and R2 of 0.3. Lake Matano has RMSE of 0.0 mg/m3, NMAE of 4.2%, R of 1.0 and R2 of 1.0. Lake Towuti has an RMSE of 0.0 mg/m3, NMAE of 3.4%, R of 1.0, and R2 of 1.0. The most accurate algorithm for Lake Singkarak, Toba (dry season), Toba (rainy season), Maninjau, Matano, and Towuti are C6, C6, C2, A2, C10, and B3, respectively
Geospatial aspects of building information modelling (BIM) based utilities management
Authors: Saptari A Y , Widyatuti R , Hernandi A , Naufal M A
Published: December 2023

The concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) which was originally used for construction design has developed with increasing BIM dimensions from 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D to 10D and with the addition of semantics to 3D objects so that BIM allows it to be developed in broader management such as utility and assets management. In a utility management system, object data acquisition process will face some problem in varying object’s dimensions and location require the merging of several 3D data which is collected from different equipment with different accuracy and precision which for this research using the High Definition Surveying (HDS) method from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Handheld Laser Scanning (HLS) instruments. The problem that arises is in point cloud data merging process with different point densities, in this paper merging data will use Helmert 3D transformation method. Another problem is in the objects georeferencing into the Earth coordinate system. A georeferenced system is needed to integrate all of utility object into a utility management system in a building. This process is necessary if the development of utility database management will be linked with the creation of 3D models in the bigger scopes such as smart cities or narrower scopes such as smart buildings. The end result is a georeferenced BIM-based utility database management system, which allows for spatial analysis or automation using coordinate systems embedded in 3D objects.