bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Europol à l’épreuve du secret. Dépassement du modèle intergouvernemental, respect de l’État de droit et accroissement du contrôle démocratique
Authors: Berthelet Pierre
Published: June 2019

Europol a été bâti sur les bases du secret, ceci au nom du fait que la police – et a fortiori de la coopération policière – doit disposer, pour être efficace, de la plus grande discrétion. De surcroît, Europol s’est développé, drapé dans le secret de la diplomatie d’une collaboration policière européenne fondée sur une logique intergouvernementale. Une telle logique du secret a été contestée par le Parlement européen qui a souligné la nécessité du renforcement du contrôle démocratique de l’office. Les réformes successives du droit instituant Europol marquent, à cet égard, l’affermissement régulier de ce type de contrôle au nom du respect de l’État de droit.
(Des)clasificando la cultura escrita guaraní. Un enigmático documento trilingüe de las misiones jesuíticas del Paraguay
Authors: Vega Fabián R. , Wilde Guillermo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza un enigmático documento encontrado en el Archivo General de la Nación de Buenos Aires. Se trata de un pequeño folio escrito en recto y verso que contiene fragmentos de texto en tres lenguas: guaraní, español y latín. Tratamos de entender sus posibles usos en la cultura escrita de la provincia jesuítica del Paraguay y más ampliamente en la praxis político-religiosa de los pueblos de misión, compartida por los misioneros jesuitas y los miembros de la elite indígena. Argumentamos que este documento señala una imbricación entre la dimensión espiritual y temporal de la vida misional y da indicios de lo que pudo ser el desenvolvimiento de la performance verbal en esos espacios, íntimamente ligada a las prácticas devocionales. Al tiempo que indagamos en las características singulares de este enigmático papel, buscamos encontrarle sentido dentro de un corpus más amplio. La primera parte del artículo aborda las características materiales específicas del documento. La segunda se centra en el análisis del contenido de cada uno de los fragmentos en las tres lenguas. Las tercera y cuarta partes sitúan el escrito respectivamente en sus posibles contextos de uso y su trama intertextual.
¿Quién impugna qué marcos? Tensiones en torno de la exhibición de la muestra fotográfica Prisioneros de la Ciencia
Authors: Alma Tozzini María
Published: July 2019

Este escrito —producto de mi trabajo de campo etnográfico en la zona— analiza las tensiones que se generaron en una institución educativa de la localidad de El Bolsón —Río Negro, Patagonia argentina— en torno de la exhibición de la muestra fotográfica “Prisioneros de la Ciencia” del Colectivo GUIAS (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata). Traída en ocasión del Día de la Memoria, por la Verdad y la Justicia —que conmemora la última dictadura cívico-militar— a los fines de poder reflexionar sobre el terrorismo de Estado en relación con los pueblos indígenas, algunos actores evaluaron que no era pertinente mostrar aquellas fotografías donde la humillación de los prisioneros era extrema. Analizo el conflicto generado entre diferentes opiniones y posturas que se esgrimieron en el acto de apertura de la muestra fotográfica, desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los marcos de Judith Butler, asumiendo al grupo de fotografías exhibidas en tanto “actos de habla”. Resulta fundamental analizar la relevancia y conflictividad que la conjunción terrorismo de Estado-pueblos indígenas adquiere en El Bolsón a la luz de la restitución de los restos de Margarita Foyel —prisionera en el Museo de La Plata— en 2015, la desaparición de Santiago Maldonado y el asesinato de Rafael Nahuel en 2017.
Entre la historia y la memoria: un estudio a través del tiempo de la Comunidad kolla de Finca Santiago
Authors: Weinberg Marina
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del presente análisis es presentar una serie de documentos hallados en relación a la historia de la Comunidad indígena kolla de Finca Santiago, primera en recibir reconocimiento legal y la devolución territorial posterior a la Reforma Constitucional de 1994 en Argentina. Se presentan aquí censos, mensuras, títulos de propiedad y notas dirigidas a jerarquías eclesiásticas y políticas, confeccionados entre fines del siglo XIX y a lo largo del siglo XX. De alguna manera, se considera que dichos archivos permiten ahondar en una historia de disputa territorial y de lucha por reconocimiento estatal, más allá de un contexto tanto mundial como regional que favoreció la re-emergencia étnica en los años noventa.
Bernard Huet et la synthèse du rationalisme exalté d’Aldo Rossi
Authors: Correia Julien
Published: July 2019

La dernière décennie a connu un regain d’intérêt pour l’architecte italien Aldo Rossi disparu en 1997. L’article rappelle les étapes et la difficulté de sa réception française. Il s’agit ici de comprendre en quoi l’héritage théorique d’Aldo Rossi est incomplet en France et de définir les contours de la part manquante. Cet héritage est abordé à partir d’archives inédites de Bernard Huet et d’un corpus d’ouvrages légué à la bibliothèque de l’ENSA Paris-Belleville qui permettent d’en définir les contours. La synthèse des travaux théoriques d’Aldo Rossi par Bernard Huet sera ensuite analysée afin de commencer à identifier les éléments de la part manquante. Celle-ci sera enfin définie sur la base de la présentation de deux principaux recueils de textes écrits par Aldo Rossi qui ont la particularité d’être encore non traduits et très peu distribués en France.
Smart Environmental Monitoring System
Authors: Menon Karthik Sudhakaran , Rodrigues Brinzel , Barot Akash Prakash , Gharat Prasad Avinash
Published: June 2019

In today's world, air pollution has become a common phenomenon everywhere, especially in the urban areas, air pollution is a real-life problem. In urban areas, the increased number of hydrocarbons and diesel vehicles and the presence of industrial areas at the outskirts of the major cities are the main causes of air pollution. The problem is seriously intense within the metropolitan cities. The governments around the world are taking measure in their capability. The main aim of this project is to develop a system which may monitor and measure pollutants in the air in real time, tell the quality of air and log real-time data onto a remote server (Cloud Service). If the value of the parameters exceeds the given threshold value, then an alert message is sent with the GPS coordinates to the registered number of the authority or person so necessary actions can be taken. The Arduino board connects with Thingspeak cloud service platform using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The device uses multiple sensors for monitoring the parameters of the air pollution like MQ-135, MQ-7, DHT-22, sound sensor, LCD.
Kaye Broadbent, Glenda Strachan and Geraldine Healy (Editors), Gender and the Professions: International and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Razik Ruwaiha
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Cx3CR1 Expression Identifies Distinct Macrophage Populations That Contribute Differentially to Inflammation and Repair
Authors: Burgess Matthew , Wicks Kate , Gardasevic Marina , Mace Kimberly A
Published: July 2019

Bone marrow (BM)–derived classical monocytes are critical to wound repair, where they differentiate into macrophages and purge foreign materials and dead cells while also laying the framework for tissue repair and regeneration. A subset of this recruited population persists in the wound and acquires alternative activation states to promote cell proliferation and matrix remodeling. In diabetes, this phenotypic switch is impaired and inflammation persists in an elevated state, contributing to delayed wound healing. Long-term tissue-resident macrophages can also play a key role in the resolution of inflammation to varying degrees across different organs. In this study, we investigated different macrophage subpopulations in nondiabetic and diabetic wounds over time using Cx3CR1eGFP transgenic mice and BM transplants. We show Cx3CR1eGFP-hi macrophages in skin wounds are derived from long-term tissue-resident macrophages and predominantly exhibit an alternative activation state, whereas cells expressing low-intermediate Cx3CR1eGFP are derived from the BM, contribute to both early and later stages of wound healing, and show both classical and alternative activation states. Diabetic mice showed significant differences in the dynamics of these subpopulations, which likely contribute to elevated and persisting inflammatory states over time. In particular, failure of Cx3CR1int macrophages to mature into Cx3CR1hi links maturation to resolution of inflammation. Thus strategies to promote macrophage maturation may be effective therapeutic tools in chronic inflammatory environments.
Cutting Edge: CXCR3 Escapes X Chromosome Inactivation in T Cells during Infection: Potential Implications for Sex Differences in Immune Responses
Authors: Oghumu Steve , Varikuti Sanjay , Stock James C. , Volpedo Greta , Saljoughian Noushin , Terrazas Cesar A. , Satoskar Abhay R.
Published: June 2019

CXCR3, an X-linked gene, is subject to X chromosome inactivation (XCI), but it is unclear whether CXCR3 escapes XCI in immune cells. We determined whether CXCR3 escapes XCI in vivo, evaluated the contribution of allelic CXCR3 expression to the phenotypic properties of T cells during experimental infection with Leishmania, and examined the potential implications to sex differences in immune responses. We used a bicistronic CXCR3 dual-reporter mouse, with each CXCR3 allele linked to a green or red fluorescent reporter without affecting endogenous CXCR3 expression. Our results show that CXCR3 escapes XCI, biallelic CXCR3-expressing T cells produce more CXCR3 protein than monoallelic CXCR3-expressing cells, and biallelic CXCR3-expressing T cells produce more IFN-γ, IL-2, and CD69 compared with T cells that express CXCR3 from one allele during Leishmania mexicana infection. These results demonstrate that XCI escape by CXCR3 potentially contributes to the sex-associated bias observed during infection.
Tim-4 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome via the LKB1/AMPKα Pathway in Macrophages
Authors: Liu Wen , Bai Fuxiang , Wang Hongxing , Liang Yan , Du Xianhong , Liu Cui , Cai Dejian , Peng Jiali , Zhong Guangming , Liang Xiaohong , Ma Chunhong , Gao Lifen
Published: July 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive inflammation and lipid deposition, is one of the most common metabolic liver diseases. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is significantly increased in NAFLD, and its activation aggravates NAFLD greatly. Tim-4, as the phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor, is expressed highly in macrophages, and macrophage Tim-4 inhibits inflammation under various conditions of immune activation. However, the precise role of Tim-4 in NLRP3 inflammasome regulation and NAFLD pathogenesis remains completely unknown. Using NAFLD mice models, we confirmed that the expression of Tim-4 was increased in liver tissues by Western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, especially higher expression in liver macrophages, and Tim-4 knockout mice displayed more severe liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis than controls in NAFLD mice model. In vitro, we found that Tim-4 could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the inhibition was dependent on PS binding domain in the IgV domain. Mechanistically, Tim-4 induced the degradation of NLRP3 inflammasome components through activating AMPKα-mediated autophagy. Specifically, Tim-4 promoted AMPKα phosphorylation by interacting with LKB1 and AMPKα. In addition, PS binding motif was responsible for Tim-4–mediated AMPKα and LKB1 interaction. In conclusion, NAFLD microenvironments upregulate Tim-4 expression in macrophages, and elevated Tim-4, in turn, suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating LKB1/AMPKα-mediated autophagy, thereby ameliorating the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Collectively, this study unveils the novel function of Tim-4 in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome, which would shed new lights on intervention of NAFLD or inflammatory liver diseases by targeting Tim-4.
The contrasting evolution of twin volcanic lakes (Monticchio, Mt. Vulture, Italy) inferred from literature records
Authors: Spicciarelli Renato , Marchetto Aldo
Published: July 2019

Lago Piccolo and Lago Grande di Monticchio lie in the collapsed caldera of the volcanic structure of Mt. Vulture (Basilicata, Italy). In over two centuries, a number of studies on their water and on their submerged and riparian vegetation, were carried out, demonstrating an interesting biodiversity. The entire lake area, which is impacted by strong tourist pressure, is part of the "Monte Vulture" Special Area of Conservation (SAC IT9210210). The aim of this paper is to review the literature studies on these lakes, in order to identify the more suitable limnological parameters to infer the history of the trophic status of the two lakes. For this reason, we assess the current ecological status of the two lakes on the basis of physical, chemical and biological analyses deriving from two recent surveys carried out in 2005-2007 and in 2015, and compare these data with sparse, but relevant, historical records, in order to assess how human impacts affected both these lakes and to understand the differences in their present trophic status. Because of its peculiar water chemistry, Lago Piccolo is resulted in good and stable ecological conditions. On the contrary, water transparency of Lago Grande came out very low in summer, while total phosphorus and nitrogen concentration are proved high, leading to the persistence of critical environmental conditions in this lake, with high algal biomass and durable algal blooms in late summer, dominated by cyanobacteria. Finally, in absence of standard protocols and seasonal samplings, the macrophyte maximum growing depth should be considered the more reliable indicator of trophic status among those available for these specific lakes, being relatively independent from sampling methods and seasonal pattern.
Arm function after stroke - can we make a difference?
Authors: Fearnhead L. , Eales C. J. , Fritz V. U.
Published: June 2019

Impairment of upper limb function is a significant cause of functional disability after stroke. Based on a review of the literature this paper defines upper limb function and highlights some of the relevant recent developments in neuropathology. The effects of changes in sensation, muscle recruitment and tone are described. Reliable and valid outcome measures of upper limb impairment and disability are listed. The principles of rehabilitation are described in terms of timing of rehabilitation, sensory reeducation, motor control and functional use. Questions are raised regarding the need for counselling for the loss of fine discriminative hand function and for research into this behavioural aspect of upper limb rehabilitation.
Human postural reactions - Lessons from Purdon Martin
Authors: Fearnhead Lynn
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Quantitative invertibility and approximation for the truncated Hilbert and Riesz transforms
Authors: Rüland Angkana
Published: June 2019

In this article we derive quantitative uniqueness and approximation properties for (perturbations) of Riesz transforms. Seeking to provide robust arguments, we adopt a PDE point of view and realize our operators as harmonic extensions, which makes the problem accessible to PDE tools. In this context we then invoke quantitative propagation of smallness estimates in combination with qualitative Runge approximation results. These results can be viewed as quantifications of the approximation properties which have recently gained prominence in the context of nonlocal operators.
The Representation of Military Troops in Pingcheng Tombs and the Private Household Institution of Buqu in Practice
Authors: Tseng Chin-Yin
Published: June 2019

In Northern Wei tombs of the Pingcheng period (398–494 CE), we notice a recurrence of the depiction of armed men in both mural paintings and tomb figurines, not in combat but positioned in formation. Consisting of infantry soldiers alongside light and heavy cavalry accompanied by flag bearers, such a military scene presents itself as a point of interest amidst the rest of the funerary setting. Is this supposed to be an indication that the tomb occupant had indeed commanded such an impressive set of troops in life? Or had the families commissioned this theme as part of the tomb repertoire simply in hopes of providing protection over the deceased in their life after death? If we set the examination of this type of image against textual history, the household institution of buqu retainers that began as early as the Xin (“New”) Dynasty (9–23 CE) and was codified in the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE), serving as private retainer corps of armed men to powerful families, appears to be the type of social institution reified in the archaeological materials mentioned above. The large-scale appearance of these military troops inside Pingcheng period tombs might even suggest that with the “tribal policy” in place, the Han Chinese practice of keeping buqu retainers became a convenient method for the Tuoba to manage recently conquered tribal confederations, shifting clan loyalty based on bloodline to household loyalty based on the buqu institution, one with a long social tradition in Chinese history.
Chinese-Buddhist Encounter: Synthesis of Fuxi-Nüwa and the Cintamani in Early Medieval Chinese Art
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: June 2019

The standard pictorial formula of Fuxi and Nüwa, a pair of indigenous Chinese deities, started to absorb new motifs from Buddhist art during the early medieval period when Buddhism became more prominent in China. In this paper, I focus on the juxtaposition of Fuxi-Nüwa and cintamani, a magic Buddhist jewel, depicted on the ceiling of the corridor in the tomb of Lady Poduoluo, Pingcheng, Shanxi (435 CE). Through a detailed visual analysis, I explain the multiple meanings embedded in the combination of the Chinese mythological figures with the Buddhist symbol in the funerary space, thus challenging the previous studies that understand cintamani only as a substitute for the sun and moon. This paper furthers the discussion on the hybrid image by investigating the mural painting on the ceiling of Mogao Cave 285 in Dunhuang. Despite their different spatial and temporal contexts, both the tomb of Lady Poduoluo and Mogao Cave 285 present a similar pictorial formula, featuring the hybridization of cintamani and the Fuxi-Nuwa pair. This phenomenon invites us to explore the transmission of such motifs. I, therefore, situate the production of the syncretic scheme of Fuxi-Nüwa with cintamani within a broader historical context and examine the artistic exchange between Pingcheng and Dunhuang by tracing the movements of images, artisans, and patrons in early medieval China.
Distribuição espacial de táxons anemocóricos e zoocóricos em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista
Authors: Silva Richeliel Albert , Mazon Joelmir Augustinho , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha
Published: June 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o padrão espacial das espécies anemocóricas e zoocóricas em ambientes com diferentes densidades de indivíduos. O estudo foi realizado em dois fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana: um sob sistema silvipastoril e outro em uma floresta em processo de sucessão secundária, no município de Turvo, PR. Foram registradas as coordenadas (x, y) de cada ponto, sendo o padrão espacial analisado com a aplicação da função K de Ripley, na forma univariada, utilizando-se o pacote Splancs. Na área sob sistema silvipastoril, as espécies anemocóricas apresentam-se de forma agregada, enquanto que as espécies com síndrome de dispersão zoocórica apresentam padrão agregado até 15 m e aleatório nas classes superiores. Na área em sucessão secundária, as espécies anemocóricas estão agregadas em todas as classes de distância. Possivelmente, fatores mais complexos, como a ecologia dos dispersores, relações interespecíficas e características ambientais, podem definir a distribuição espacial de algumas espécies.
Formação continuada de professores: aproximações e distanciamentos entre as redes de ensino de Blumenau, Gaspar e Timbó
Authors: Genske Simone , Cerutti Ana Paula , Rausch Rita Buzzi
Published: June 2019

Este artigo analisa aproximações e distanciamentos na formaçãocontinuada de professores do Ensino Fundamental de três redesmunicipais de ensino de Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Gaspar e Timbó.De caráter qualitativo e de campo, a investigação sustentou-se emGatti (2008; 2013), Davis, Nunes e Almeida (2011), Nóvoa (2009) eImbernón (2009). Foram feitas entrevistas com os responsáveis pelaformação continuada das secretarias municipais de educação, bemcomo a análise dos seguintes documentos: propostas curriculares eestatuto e planos de carreira dos municípios, Planos Municipais deEducação (PME), Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), Lei deDiretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN), dentre outros.Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo como procedimento deanálise. As aproximações encontradas foram: elaboração daspropostas curriculares em parceria com a Universidade; relação teoriae prática da formação; formato das formações continuadas eformação continuada inserida na proposta curricular do município.Quanto aos distanciamentos, destacaram-se: convênio com agênciaformadora; processos formativos realizados nas escolas e aplicaçãode um terço de hora-atividade aos professores. As redes de ensinoanalisadas possuem uma caminhada histórica de formação continuadae procuram alinhar-se com a legislação educacional vigente.Recomenda-se potencializar a profissionalização docente por meio depolíticas de valorização, em especial às de formação de professores;assim como ampliar o debate e a implementação efetiva de políticasde formação continuada nas redes de ensino da Educação Básica.
Identidade negra, educação e práticas de resistência: uma leitura decolonial num quilombo urbano
Authors: Almeida Mirianne Santos de , Mesquita Ilka Miglio de
Published: June 2019

A partir das lentes do Pensamento Decolonial e do fazer etnográfico num lócus subalterno, palco de luta e resistência – o quilombo urbano ‘Maloca’, localizado na capital sergipana – analisamos as ações desenvolvidas no Projeto Criliber (Criança – Liberdade), voltadas à formação da identidade da criança negra. O nosso objetivo foi traçado no sentido de compreender a atuação de um grupo historicamente marginalizado e o enfrentamento do racismo. O Referencial teórico está pautado em Homi Bhabha (1998), Stuart Hall (2003) e Catharine Walsh (2013) que problematizam a manutenção dos resquícios da colonização e reconhecem, na articulação de grupos marginalizados, diferentes possibilidades de descortinar a colonialidade. Na tentativa de se libertar das amarras da colonização, as ações da Criliber têm reverberado para o fortalecimento do sentimento de pertencimento e autoafirmação da identidade negra.
Diálogo intercultural y decolonialidad del saber en la formación de profesores indígenas kaingang
Authors: Santos Jorge Alejandro , Battestin Cláudia , Berisso Daniel , Piovezana Leonel
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de esta escrita es presentar parte de la experiencia pedagógica obtenidas en el transcurso de la formación de profesores indígenas del pueblo Kaingang en la Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena por la Universidad Comunitaria de la  región de Chapecó - Unochapecó. Enunciaremos las perspectivas teóricas en las que se fundamentó la implementación de este proyecto, sustentado en la pedagogía freireana y la perspectiva intercultural y decolonial. Asimismo, expondremos las dificultades y límites de la implementación de estas perspectivas teóricas en la práctica educativa cotidiana. En ese contexto nos referiremos a cómo la investigación, permitió articular soluciones para algunas problemáticas y articular nuevas perspectivas a futuro. En especial en áreas donde la interculturalidad y decolonialidad se presenta más compleja en su implementación, como la educación en matemática, ciencias y en nuevas tecnologías. Finalmente, consideramos que difundir la cultura y lenguas tradicionales es un instrumento pedagógico para la nueva generación de Profesores Indígenas Interculturales que se está formando en la Unochapecó. Este es nuestro desafío, enseñar para la diversidad, interculturalidad y decolonialidad, mirando hacia los tempos de resistencias en que vive nuestra américa.
Primary care physicians’ perspectives on Veterans who obtain prescription opioids from multiple healthcare systems
Authors: Bixler, MS Felicia R. , Radomski, MD, MS Thomas R. , Zickmund, PhD Susan L. , Roman, BA KatieLynn M. , Hausmann, PhD Leslie R. M. , Thorpe, PhD, MPH Carolyn T. , Hale, BS Jennifer A. , Sileanu, MS Florentina E. , Gellad, MD, MPH Walid F.
Published: June 2019

Objective: To characterize primary care physicians’ (PCPs’) perceptions of the reasons patients receive opioid medications from both VA and non-VA healthcare systems.Design: Qualitative.Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).Participants: Forty-two VA PCPs who prescribed opioids to at least 15 patients and who practiced in Massachusetts, Illinois, or Pennsylvania.Methods: Thirty-minute, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted in 2016, addressing topics regarding PCPs’ experiences and perspectives on patients who use both VA and non-VA healthcare systems to obtain prescription opioids. The analysis focused on two questions: attributes that PCPs believe characterize dual-use patients and reasons that PCPs believe patients obtain opioids from both VA and non-VA sources.Results: PCPs identified multiple attributes of, and reasons for, patients obtaining opioid medications from both VA and non-VA healthcare systems, including pain issues, opioid misuse, having healthcare managed through multiple healthcare systems, and transferring care between systems. More than half of the PCPs identified addiction and diversion as key attributes and reasons why patients obtain prescription opioids from multiple sources. PCPs also identified several behavioral and psychological factors as attributes of these patients.Conclusions: PCPs within the VA have varying perceptions of patients obtaining opioid medications from multiple healthcare systems, with pain complaints and opioid misuse as the primary themes. This knowledge about PCPs’ perceptions can be incorporated into interventions to better manage pain and prescription opioid use by VA patients.
Expression of TLR2 and TLR5 in distal ileum of mice with obstructive jaundice and their role in intestinal mucosal injury
Authors: Tian Xiaopeng , Zhang Zixuan , Li Wen
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The aim was to investigate the expression of TLR2 and TLR5 in the distal ileum of mice with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and their role in intestinal mucosal injury.

Material and methods

A total of 100 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to two groups: (I) sham operation (SH); (II) bile duct ligation (BDL). The mice were respectively sacrificed before operation and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after operation to collect specimens. Various indicators were detected by PCR, immunohistochemistry and other methods.

Results

TLR2 was increased gradually with the extension of OJ time in the BDL group (p < 0.05). However, the changes in the expression of TLR5 were not obvious at different time points. The amount of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus showed downward trends in intestinal tract of the BDL group. Furthermore, the amount of Escherichia coli was increased in intestinal tract of the BDL group. The pathological score of intestinal mucosa and the expression of NF-B increased gradually in the BDL group with the extension of OJ time. There were positive correlations between the pathological score of intestinal mucosa and expressions of TLR2(r = 0.767, p < 0.05) and NF-B
(r = 0.817, p < 0.05) in BDL group. NF-B expression was positively correlated with TLR2 expression(r = 0.706, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Disturbance of intestinal flora caused by OJ could increase the expression of NF-B via up-regulating the expression of TLR2 to activate the downstream signaling pathway, thus aggravated the injury of intestinal mucosa.
CTHRC1 facilitates bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yubing , Cheng Xiangdong , Yan Jiasheng , Jiang Shaobo
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Emerging evidence has illustrated that Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is crucial for tumorigenesis and development. However, the effects of CTHRC1 on bladder cancer progression remain largely unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the function and mechanism of CTHRC1 in behaviors of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Material and methods

Interference assays were applied to determine the biological functions of CTHRC1. The expression of CTHRC1 was examined by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Effects of CTHRC1 on proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, EdU staining, wound healing, transwell and western blot assays. Bladder cancer cells transfected with sh-CTHRC1 were injected into nude mice to explore the effect of CTHRC1 on tumorigenesis in vivo.

Results

CTHRC1 expression was increased in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal controls, and associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Also, patients with high levels of CTHRC1 expression were found to have a poor prognosis. Knockdown of CTHRC1 alleviated bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and impeded tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic investigation indicated that CTHRC1 could regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that CTHRC1 played an oncogenic role in bladder cancer by modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which sheds novel light on diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
A unified data set of airborne cloud remote sensing using the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP)
Authors: Konow Heike , Jacob Marek , Ament Felix , Crewell Susanne , Ewald Florian , Hagen Martin , Hirsch Lutz , Jansen Friedhelm , Mech Mario , Stevens Bjorn
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cloud properties and their environmental conditions were observed during four aircraft campaigns over the North Atlantic on 37 flights.
The Halo Microwave Package (HAMP) was deployed on the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft) during these four campaigns.
HAMP comprises microwave radiometers with 26 channels in the frequency range between 20 and 183 GHz and a 35 GHz cloud radar.
The four campaigns took place between December 2013 and October 2016 out of Barbados and Iceland.
Measured situations cover a wide range of conditions including the dry and wet season over the tropical Atlantic and the cold and warm sectors of midlatitude cyclones.
The data set we present here contains measurements of the radar reflectivity factor and linear depolarization ratio from cloud radar, brightness temperatures from microwave radiometers and atmospheric profiles from dropsondes.
It represents a unique combination of active and passive microwave remote sensing measurements and 525 in situ-measured dropsonde profiles. The data from these different instruments are quality controlled and unified into one common format for easy combination of data and joint analysis.
The data are available from the CERA database for the four campaigns individually (https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_1,
https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_2,
https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_3,
https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/HALO_measurements_4).
This data set allows for analyses to gain insight into cloud properties and the atmospheric state in remote regions over the tropical and midlatitude Atlantic.
In this paper, we describe the four campaigns, the data and the quality control applied to the data.
Speeding up tsunami forecasting to boost tsunami warning in Chile
Authors: Fuentes Mauricio , Arriola Sebastian , Riquelme Sebastian , Delouis Bertrand
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Despite the occurrence of several large earthquakes during the last decade,
Chile continues to have a great tsunamigenic potential. This arises as a
consequence of the large amount of strain accumulated along a subduction zone
that runs parallel to its long coast, and a distance from the trench to the
coast of no more than 100 km. These conditions make it difficult to
implement real-time tsunami forecasting. Chile issues local tsunami warnings
based on preliminary estimations of the hypocenter location and magnitude of
the seismic sources, combined with a database of pre-computed tsunami
scenarios. Finite fault modeling, however, does not provide an estimation of
the slip distribution before the first tsunami wave arrival, so all
pre-computed tsunami scenarios assume a uniform slip distribution. We
implemented a processing scheme that minimizes this time gap by assuming an
elliptical slip distribution, thereby not having to wait for the more time-consuming finite fault model computations.We then solve the linear shallow
water equations to obtain a rapid estimation of the run-up distribution in the
near field. Our results show that, at a certain water depth, our linear
method captures most of the complexity of the run-up heights in terms of shape
and amplitude when compared with a fully nonlinear tsunami model. In
addition, we can estimate the run-up distribution in quasi-real-time as soon
as the results of seismic finite fault modeling become available.
Effect of Caribbean Water Incursion into the Gulf of Mexico derived from Absolute Dynamic Topography, Satellite Data, and Remotely – sensed Chlorophyll-a
Authors: Delgado Juan Antonio , Sudre Joël , Tanahara Sorayda , Montes Ivonne , Hernandez-Ayon José Martin , Zirino Alberto
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The dynamics of the Loop Current (LC) and the detached Loop Current eddies (LCE’s) dominate the Gulf of Mexico's (GoM) surface layers' circulation transporting Caribbean water (CW) into the GoM.  In this work, 25-years (1993–2017) of daily satellite data are used to investigate the variability of these physical processes and their effect on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations from 1998–2017 including temporal changes, mean differences, and regional concentration tendencies. Physical variables analyzed are absolute dynamic topography (ADT), oceanic currents, and wind stress. From the ADT and oceanic current monthly climatologies, it is shown that there is an annual intrusion of the CW with an inward incursion that starts in spring, peaks in the summer (reaching to 26.58˚N and 88.32˚W) and then retreats in winter. Minimum surface Chl-a concentrations (<0.08 mg m−3) are found during the summer-autumn period inside the region of maximum incursion of the CW; the opposite is observed during the winter period when the Chl-a concentrations were at a maximum, e.g., >0.14 mg m−3. The three-year running averages of ADT 40-cm isoline reproduce qualitatively the climatological pattern of 25 years showing that before 2002 the CW was less intrusive. This suggests that from 2003 onward, larger volumes of oligotrophic waters from Caribbean Sea have invaded the western GoM and reduced mean surface Chl-a concentrations. A direct comparison between the 1998–2002 and 2009–2014 periods indicates that, in the latter time interval, Chl-a concentration over waters deeper than 250 m has decreased significantly.
Air-sea gas exchange at hurricane wind speeds
Authors: Krall Kerstin E. , Jähne Bernd
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Gas transfer velocities were measured in two high-speed wind-wave tanks (Kyoto University and the SUSTAIN facility, RSMAS, University of Miami) using fresh water, simulated seawater and seawater for wind speeds between 7 and 80 m s−1. Using a mass balance technique, transfer velocities of a total of 12 trace gases were measured, with dimensionless solubilities ranging from 0.005 to 150 and Schmidt numbers between 149 and 1360. This choice of tracers allowed to separate gas transfer across the free interface from gas transfer at closed bubble surfaces. The major effect found was a very steep increase of the gas transfer across the free water surface at wind speeds beyond 33 m s−1, which is the same for fresh water, simulated seawater and seawater. This steep increase might start at a lower wind speed in the open ocean as compared to the short-fetch wind-wave tanks. Bubble-induced gas transfer plays no significant role for all tracers in fresh water and for tracers with moderate solubility such as carbon dioxide and DMS in seawater, while for low solubility tracers bubble-induced gas transfer in seawater was found to be about 1.7 times larger than the transfer at the free water surface at the highest wind speed of 80 m s−1.
Deformation of intrasalt competent layers in different modes of salt tectonics
Authors: Rowan Mark G. , Urai Janos L. , Fiduk J. Carl , Kukla Peter A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Layered evaporite sequences (LESs) comprise interbedded
weak layers (halite and, commonly, bittern salts) and strong layers
(anhydrite and usually non-evaporite rocks such as carbonates and
siliciclastics). This results in a strong rheological stratification, with a
range of effective viscosity up to a factor of 105. We focus here on
the deformation of competent intrasalt beds in different endmember modes of
salt tectonics, even though combinations are common in nature, using a
combination of conceptual, numerical, and analog models, and seismic data. In
bedding-parallel extension, boudinage of the strong layers forms ruptured
stringers, within a halite matrix, that become more isolated with increasing
strain. In bedding-parallel shortening, competent layers tend to maintain
coherency while forming harmonic, disharmonic, and polyharmonic folds, with
the rheological stratification leading to buckling and fold growth by
bedding-parallel shear. In differential loading, extension and the resultant
stringers dominate beneath suprasalt depocenters, while folded competent beds
characterize salt pillows. Finally, in passive diapirs, stringers generated
by intrasalt extension are rotated to near vertical and encased in complex
folds during upward flow of salt. In all cases, strong layers are
progressively removed from areas of salt thinning and increasingly disrupted
and folded in areas of salt growth as deformation intensifies. The varying
styles of intrasalt deformation impact seismic imaging of LES and associated
interpretations. Ruptured stringers are often visible where they have low
dips, as in slightly extended salt layers or beneath depocenters, but are
poorly imaged in passive diapirs due to steep dips. In contrast, areas of
slightly to moderately shortened salt typically have well-imaged, mostly
continuous intrasalt reflectors, although seismic coherency decreases as
deformation intensifies. Similarly, wells are most likely to penetrate
strong layers in contractional structures and salt pillows, less likely in
extended salt because they might drill between stringers, and unlikely in
tall passive diapirs because the stringers are near vertical. Thus, both
seismic and well data may be interpreted to suggest that diapirs and other
areas of more intense intrasalt deformation are more halite rich than is
actually the case.
Monitoring of snow surface near-infrared bidirectional reflectance factors with added light-absorbing particles
Authors: Schneider Adam , Flanner Mark , De Roo Roger , Adolph Alden
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Broadband snow albedo can range from 0.3 to 0.9 depending on microphysical
properties and light-absorbing particle (LAP) concentrations.
Beyond the widely observed direct and visibly apparent effect of darkening
snow, it is still unclear how LAPs influence snow albedo
feedbacks. To investigate LAPs' indirect effect on snow albedo feedbacks,
we developed and calibrated the Near-Infrared Emitting and Reflectance-Monitoring Dome
(NERD) and monitored bidirectional reflectance factors
(BRFs) hourly after depositing dust and black carbon (BC) particles onto experimental
snow surfaces.
After comparing snow infrared BRFs to snow specific surface areas (SSAs), we found that both measured and
modeled snow infrared BRFs are correlated with snow SSA.
These results, however, demonstrate a considerable uncertainty of ±10 m2 kg−1 in the determination of snow SSA from our BRF measurements.
The nondestructive technique for snow SSA retrieval that we present here
can be further developed for science applications that
require rapid in situ snow SSA measurements.
After adding large amounts of dust and BC to snow, we found more rapid decreasing of
snow BRFs and SSAs in snow with added LAPs compared to natural
(clean) snow but only during clear-sky conditions. These results suggest
that deposition of LAPs onto snow can accelerate snow
metamorphism via a net positive snow grain-size feedback.
Dynamically generating T32 training documents using structured data
Authors: Albert Paul James , Joshi Ayesha
Published: July 2019

Background: The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds academic institutions for training doctoral (PhD) students and postdoctoral fellows. These training grants, known as T32 grants, require schools to create, in a particular format, seven or eight Word documents describing the program and its participants. Weill Cornell Medicine aimed to use structured name and citation data to dynamically generate tables, thus saving administrators time.Case Presentation: The author’s team collected identity and publication metadata from existing systems of record, including our student information system and previous T32 submissions. These data were fed into our ReCiter author disambiguation engine. Well-structured bibliographic metadata, including the rank of the target author, were output and stored in a MySQL database. We then ran a database query that output a Word extensible markup (XML) document according to NIH’s specifications. We generated the T32 training document using a query that ties faculty listed on a grant submission with publications that they and their mentees authored, bolding author names as required. Because our source data are well-structured and well-defined, the only parameter needed in the query is a single identifier for the grant itself. The open source code for producing this document is at http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2593545.Conclusions: Manually writing a table for T32 grant submissions is a substantial administrative burden; some documents generated in this manner exceed 150 pages. Provided they have a source for structured identity and publication data, administrators can use the T32 Table Generator to readily output a table.
El papel del consultor en las producciones audiovisuales publicitarias en España durante el periodo de crisis económica (2008-2016)
Authors: Visiers Elizaincin Ana , Clemente Mediavilla Jorge
Published: June 2019

La presente investigación analiza el papel del Cost controller de los anunciantes en los procesos de producción audiovisual publicitaria en España durante la crisis económica de 2008. El estudio trata de observar si en los últimos años se ha producido un aumento de anunciantes que recurren a sus servicios, y con qué objetivo. Examinar su papel en el proceso, su formación y la forma en la que son retribuidos. La investigación se realiza a través de 23 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales del sector: anunciantes, consultores, agencias, productoras y postproductoras. Serán los propios profesionales los que detallen el trabajo de los consultores y las ventajas y desventajas de su labor. Todo ello con la intención de mejorar los procesos de producción y, por tanto, la calidad de las producciones audiovisuales publicitarias
Ética en fotografía. Consideraciones y análisis
Authors: Alfaro López Héctor Guillermo
Published: June 2019

La fotografía desde los orígenes de su invención ha estado determinada por un contextomercantil, lo que ha redundado en que a lo largo de su profesionalización ha sido concebida sobrebases económicas. Por lo que el fotógrafo y su cámara pasan a ser un medio para obtener un fineconómico a través de las fotos, lo que propicia su deshumanización. Como propuesta alternativa aésta situación se lleva a cabo una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de darle una sustentación ética a lafotografía. Para lo cual se implementa la ética kantiana que propone una oral en la que el hombre esestimado no cómo un medio sino una finalidad en sí mismo; con lo que se recupera la humanidad y ladignidad que ello conlleva. De donde se deriva la fórmula de: el acto fotográfico como acto moral. Apartir de lo cual se puede considerar al fotógrafo y su actividad con la cámara como una finalidadhumana, y no un medio con precio. Reflexión que apunta hacia una vía que le de respaldo ético a laprofesión fotográfica.
Los expedientes judiciales como fuente histórica para analizar las relaciones laborales
Authors: Lemiez Griselda
Published: June 2019

En el siguiente artículo se analizarán los datos sobre los conflictos laborales registrados enexpedientes judiciales ocurridos en las empresas cementeras de la ciudad de Olavarría (Buenos Aires,Argentina). Se realizará una selección de expedientes que encuentren una relación directa con lareconstrucción de conflictos, como parte de las relaciones laborales en la industria del cemento,durante el período 1940-1970. Creemos que la aplicación de estas singulares fuentes a estudioshistóricos nos permitirá valorar la importancia de su uso y enriquecer las investigaciones históricas.Palabras clave: expedientes judiciales; fuente histórica; conflicto; relaciones laborales; trabajadores.
Reflections on the verbal form in –rait in the legal discourse: the case of the French Civil Code
Authors: El Khamissy Racha
Published: June 2019

In the context of the linguistic study of authentic documents, the present work deals with verbal forms in –rait in the language of law, more precisely in a normative legislative discourse. The aim of this study is to interrogate the syntactic configurations and the semantic uses of this form in a normative legal corpus, in this case the French Civil Code, and to study them at the intersection of syntax and semantics to see if the syntactic contexts of use of this verb form have consequences in the semantic uses which are examined.
French, the last resistant in globalized advertising
Authors: Ventura Daniela
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we will consider how France leads its policy of linguistic protectionism within the international market. We will namely reflect on specifically about the part of advertising translation (or no translation) to protect the French language in face of the increasing use of English. Our corpus is composed of over a hundred advertisements published in French and international press from 1990 until 2018. This corpus includes also over fifty TV spots, aired in French TV Channels in the same period.
Los proverbios « paradójicos »
Authors: Gómez-Jordana Sonia
Published: June 2019

Se tratará de defender que frente a una mayoría de proverbios cuya estructura equivale a P argumento para Q, como lo defiende por ejemplo Anscombre (2000), o a Si p entonces q (defendido entre otros en  Riegel 1987), existe una minoría de proverbios que no comprueban este esquema. Partimos de la hipótesis formulada en Tamba (2000a y b) según la cual los proverbios tienen un doble nivel, composicional y formulario. El verdadero sentido del proverbio se encuentra en el nivel formulario, incluso si el nivel composicional siempre está presente de algún modo, aunque solo sea en superficie.. La mayoría de proverbios, como Tel père, tel fils poseen una estructura semántica del tipo de P argumento para Q : Le maître a des caractéristiques X est un argument pour que le disciple ait les mêmes caractéristiques X. Sin embargo, L’habit ne fait pas le moine, por ejemplo, no correspondería en nuestra opinión a esta estructura semántica. Defenderemos que una minoría de fórmulas tienen una estructura en P pero no por ello Q.