bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jet stream position explains regional anomalies in European beech forest productivity and tree growth
Authors: Dorado-Liñán Isabel , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Babst Flurin , Xu Guobao , Gil Luis , Battipaglia Giovanna , Buras Allan , Čada Vojtěch , Camarero J. Julio , Cavin Liam , Claessens Hugues , Drobyshev Igor , Garamszegi Balázs , Grabner Michael , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Hartl Claudia , Hevia Andrea , Janda Pavel , Jump Alistair S. , Kazimirovic Marko , Keren Srdjan , Kreyling Juergen , Land Alexander , Latte Nicolas , Levanič Tom , van der Maaten Ernst , van der Maaten-Theunissen Marieke , Martínez-Sancho Elisabet , Menzel Annette , Mikoláš Martin , Motta Renzo , Muffler Lena , Nola Paola , Panayotov Momchil , Petritan Any Mary , Petritan Ion Catalin , Popa Ionel , Prislan Peter , Roibu Catalin-Constantin , Rydval Miloš , Sánchez-Salguero Raul , Scharnweber Tobias , Stajić Branko , Svoboda Miroslav , Tegel Willy , Teodosiu Marius , Toromani Elvin , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Turcu Daniel-Ond , Weigel Robert , Wilmking Martin , Zang Christian , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Trouet Valerie
Published: April 2022

The mechanistic pathways connecting ocean-atmosphere variability and terrestrial productivity are well-established theoretically, but remain challenging to quantify empirically. Such quantification will greatly improve the assessment and prediction of changes in terrestrial carbon sequestration in response to dynamically induced climatic extremes. The jet stream latitude (JSL) over the North Atlantic-European domain provides a synthetic and robust physical framework that integrates climate variability not accounted for by atmospheric circulation patterns alone. Surface climate impacts of north-south summer JSL displacements are not uniform across Europe, but rather create a northwestern-southeastern dipole in forest productivity and radial-growth anomalies. Summer JSL variability over the eastern North Atlantic-European domain (5-40E) exerts the strongest impact on European beech, inducing anomalies of up to 30% in modelled gross primary productivity and 50% in radial tree growth. The net effects of JSL movements on terrestrial carbon fluxes depend on forest density, carbon stocks, and productivity imbalances across biogeographic regions.
Electrifying passenger road transport in India requires near-term electricity grid decarbonisation
Authors: Abdul-Manan Amir F. N. , Gordillo Zavaleta Victor , Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Kalghatgi Gautam , Amer Amer A.
Published: April 2022

Battery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation potentials of electric 4-wheelers in India depend critically on when and where they are charged: 40% reduction in the north-eastern states and more than 15% increase in the eastern/western regions today, with higher overall GHGs emitted when charged overnight and in the summer. Self-charging gasoline-electric hybrids can lead to 33% GHG reductions, though they haven’t been fully considered a mitigation option in India. Electric 2-wheelers can already enable a 20% reduction in GHG emissions given their small battery size and superior efficiency. India’s electrification plan demands up to 125GWh of annual battery capacities by 2030, nearly 10% of projected worldwide productions. India requires a phased electrification with a near-term focus on 2-wheelers and a clear trajectory to phase-out coal-power for an organised mobility transition.
AKT mutant allele-specific activation dictates pharmacologic sensitivities
Authors: Shrestha Bhattarai Tripti , Shamu Tambudzai , Gorelick Alexander N. , Chang Matthew T. , Chakravarty Debyani , Gavrila Elena I. , Donoghue Mark T. A. , Gao JianJong , Patel Swati , Gao Sizhi Paul , Reynolds Margaret H. , Phillips Sarah M. , Soumerai Tara , Abida Wassim , Hyman David M. , Schram Alison M. , Solit David B. , Smyth Lillian M. , Taylor Barry S.
Published: April 2022

AKT- a key molecular regulator of PI-3K signaling pathway, is somatically mutated in diverse solid cancer types, and aberrant AKT activation promotes altered cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism1–8. The most common of AKT mutations (AKT1 E17K) sensitizes affected solid tumors to AKT inhibitor therapy7,8. However, the pathway dependence and inhibitor sensitivity of the long tail of potentially activating mutations in AKT is poorly understood, limiting our ability to act clinically in prospectively characterized cancer patients. Here we show, through population-scale driver mutation discovery combined with functional, biological, and therapeutic studies that some but not all missense mutations activate downstream AKT effector pathways in a growth factor-independent manner and sensitize tumor cells to diverse AKT inhibitors. A distinct class of small in-frame duplications paralogous across AKT isoforms induce structural changes different than those of activating missense mutations, leading to a greater degree of membrane affinity, AKT activation, and cell proliferation as well as pathway dependence and hyper-sensitivity to ATP-competitive, but not allosteric AKT inhibitors. Assessing these mutations clinically, we conducted a phase II clinical trial testing the AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) in patients with solid tumors harboring AKT alterations (NCT03310541). Twelve patients were enrolled, out of which six harbored AKT1-3 non-E17K mutations. The median progression free survival (PFS) of capivasertib therapy was 84 days (95% CI 50-not reached) with an objective response rate of 25% (n = 3 of 12) and clinical benefit rate of 42% (n = 5 of 12). Collectively, our data indicate that the degree and mechanism of activation of oncogenic AKT mutants vary, thereby dictating allele-specific pharmacological sensitivities to AKT inhibition.
Spontaneous variability in gamma dynamics described by a damped harmonic oscillator driven by noise
Authors: Spyropoulos Georgios , Saponati Matteo , Dowdall Jarrod Robert , Schölvinck Marieke Louise , Bosman Conrado Arturo , Lima Bruss , Peter Alina , Onorato Irene , Klon-Lipok Johanna , Roese Rasmus , Neuenschwander Sergio , Fries Pascal , Vinck Martin
Published: April 2022

Circuits of excitatory and inhibitory neurons generate gamma-rhythmic activity (30–80 Hz). Gamma-cycles show spontaneous variability in amplitude and duration. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this variability, we recorded local-field-potentials (LFPs) and spikes from awake macaque V1. We developed a noise-robust method to detect gamma-cycle amplitudes and durations, which showed a weak but positive correlation. This correlation, and the joint amplitude-duration distribution, is well reproduced by a noise-driven damped harmonic oscillator. This model accurately fits LFP power-spectra, is equivalent to a linear, noise-driven E-I circuit, and recapitulates two additional features of gamma: (1) Amplitude-duration correlations decrease with oscillation strength; (2) amplitudes and durations exhibit strong and weak autocorrelations, respectively, depending on oscillation strength. Finally, longer gamma-cycles are associated with stronger spike-synchrony, but lower spike-rates in both (putative) excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In sum, V1 gamma-dynamics are well described by the simplest possible model of gamma: A damped harmonic oscillator driven by noise.
Bioorthogonal in situ assembly of nanomedicines as drug depots for extracellular drug delivery
Authors: Cao Ziyang , Li Dongdong , Zhao Liang , Liu Mengting , Ma Pengyue , Luo Yingli , Yang Xianzhu
Published: April 2022

Developing precise nanomedicines to improve the transport of anticancer drugs into tumor tissue and to the final action site remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a bioorthogonal in situ assembly strategy for prolonged retention of nanomedicines within tumor areas to act as drug depots. After extravasating into the tumor site, the slightly acidic microenvironment induces the exposure of cysteine on the nanoparticle surface, which subsequently undergoes a bioorthogonal reaction with the 2-cyanobenzothiazole group of another neighboring nanoparticle, enabling the formation of micro-sized drug depots to enhance drug retention and enrichment. This in situ nanoparticle assembly strategy remarkably improves the antimetastatic efficacy of extracellular-targeted drug batimastat, and also leads to the simultaneous enhanced retention and sustained release of multiple agents for combined cocktail chemoimmunotherapy to finally elicit a potent antitumor immune response. Such in situ assembly of nanomedicines represents a generalizable strategy towards extracellular drug delivery and cocktail chemoimmunotherapy.
Active and conductive layer stacked superlattices for highly selective CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Duan Junyuan , Liu Tianyang , Zhao Yinghe , Yang Ruoou , Zhao Yang , Wang Wenbin , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Li Yafei , Zhai Tianyou
Published: April 2022

Metal oxides are archetypal CO2 reduction reaction electrocatalysts, yet inevitable self-reduction will enhance competitive hydrogen evolution and lower the CO2 electroreduction selectivity. Herein, we propose a tangible superlattice model of alternating metal oxides and selenide sublayers in which electrons are rapidly exported through the conductive metal selenide layer to protect the active oxide layer from self-reduction. Taking BiCuSeO superlattices as a proof-of-concept, a comprehensive characterization reveals that the active [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers retain oxidation states rather than their self-reduced Bi metal during CO2 electroreduction because of the rapid electron transfer through the conductive [Cu2Se2]2- sublayer. Theoretical calculations uncover the high activity over [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers due to the overlaps between the Bi p orbitals and O p orbitals in the OCHO* intermediate, thus achieving over 90% formate selectivity in a wide potential range from −0.4 to −1.1 V. This work broadens the studying and improving of the CO2 electroreduction properties of metal oxide systems.
Engineering a local acid-like environment in alkaline medium for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tan Hao , Tang Bing , Lu Ying , Ji Qianqian , Lv Liyang , Duan Hengli , Li Na , Wang Yao , Feng Sihua , Li Zhi , Wang Chao , Hu Fengchun , Sun Zhihu , Yan Wensheng
Published: April 2022

Tuning the local reaction environment is an important and challenging issue for determining electrochemical performances. Herein, we propose a strategy of intentionally engineering the local reaction environment to yield highly active catalysts. Taking Ptδ− nanoparticles supported on oxygen vacancy enriched MgO nanosheets as a prototypical example, we have successfully created a local acid-like environment in the alkaline medium and achieve excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performances. The local acid-like environment is evidenced by operando Raman, synchrotron radiation infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy that observes a key H3O+ intermediate emergence on the surface of MgO and accumulation around Ptδ− sites during electrocatalysis. Further analysis confirms that the critical factors of the forming the local acid-like environment include: the oxygen vacancy enriched MgO facilitates H2O dissociation to generate H3O+ species; the F centers of MgO transfers its unpaired electrons to Pt, leading to the formation of electron-enriched Ptδ− species; positively charged H3O+ migrates to negatively charged Ptδ− and accumulates around Ptδ− nanoparticles due to the electrostatic attraction, thus creating a local acidic environment in the alkaline medium.
Controllable photomechanical bending of metal-organic rotaxane crystals facilitated by regioselective confined-space photodimerization
Authors: Geng Jun-shan , Mei Lei , Liang Yuan-yuan , Yuan Li-yong , Yu Ji-pan , Hu Kong-qiu , Yuan Li-hua , Feng Wen , Chai Zhi-fang , Shi Wei-qun
Published: April 2022

Molecular machines based on mechanically-interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as (pseudo) rotaxanes or catenates are known for their molecular-level dynamics, but promoting macro-mechanical response of these molecular machines or related materials is still challenging. Herein, by employing macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based pseudorotaxane with a pair of styrene-derived photoactive guest molecules as linking structs of uranyl node, we describe a metal-organic rotaxane compound, U-CB[8]-MPyVB, that is capable of delivering controllable macroscopic mechanical responses. Under light irradiation, the ladder-shape structural unit of metal-organic rotaxane chain in U-CB[8]-MPyVB undergoes a regioselective solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization, and facilitates a photo-triggered single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, which even induces macroscopic photomechanical bending of individual rod-like bulk crystals. The fabrication of rotaxane-based crystalline materials with both photoresponsive microscopic and macroscopic dynamic behaviors in solid state can be promising photoactuator devices, and will have implications in emerging fields such as optomechanical microdevices and smart microrobotics.
Microridge-like structures anchor motile cilia
Authors: Yasunaga Takayuki , Wiegel Johannes , Bergen Max D. , Helmstädter Martin , Epting Daniel , Paolini Andrea , Çiçek Özgün , Radziwill Gerald , Engel Christina , Brox Thomas , Ronneberger Olaf , Walentek Peter , Ulbrich Maximilian H. , Walz Gerd
Published: April 2022

Several tissues contain cells with multiple motile cilia that generate a fluid or particle flow to support development and organ functions; defective motility causes human disease. Developmental cues orient motile cilia, but how cilia are locked into their final position to maintain a directional flow is not understood. Here we find that the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic during early development of multiciliated cells (MCCs). While apical actin bundles become increasingly more static, subapical actin filaments are nucleated from the distal tip of ciliary rootlets. Anchorage of these subapical actin filaments requires the presence of microridge-like structures formed during MCC development, and the activity of Nonmuscle Myosin II. Optogenetic manipulation of Ezrin, a core component of the microridge actin-anchoring complex, or inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase interfere with rootlet anchorage and orientation. These observations identify microridge-like structures as an essential component of basal body rootlet anchoring in MCCs.
Pyridine nucleotide redox potential in coronary smooth muscle couples myocardial blood flow to cardiac metabolism
Authors: Dwenger Marc M. , Raph Sean M. , Reyzer Michelle L. , Lisa Manier M. , Riggs Daniel W. , Wohl Zachary B. , Ohanyan Vahagn , Mack, Gregory , Pucci Thomas , Moore Joseph B. , Hill Bradford G. , Chilian William M. , Caprioli Richard M. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Nystoriak Matthew A.
Published: April 2022

Adequate oxygen delivery to the heart during stress is essential for sustaining cardiac function. Acute increases in myocardial oxygen demand evoke coronary vasodilation and enhance perfusion via functional upregulation of smooth muscle voltage-gated K+(Kv) channels. Because this response is controlled by Kv1 accessory subunits (i.e., Kvβ), which are NAD(P)(H)-dependent aldo-keto reductases, we tested the hypothesis that oxygen demand modifies arterial [NAD(H)]i, and that resultant cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox state influences Kv1 activity. High-resolution imaging mass spectrometry and live-cell imaging reveal cardiac workload-dependent increases in NADH:NAD+in intramyocardial arterial myocytes. Intracellular NAD(P)(H) redox ratios reflecting elevated oxygen demand potentiate native coronary Kv1 activity in a Kvβ2-dependent manner. Ablation of Kvβ2 catalysis suppresses redox-dependent increases in Kv1 activity, vasodilation, and the relationship between cardiac workload and myocardial blood flow. Collectively, this work suggests that the pyridine nucleotide sensitivity and enzymatic activity of Kvβ2 controls coronary vasoreactivity and myocardial blood flow during metabolic stress.
Endothelial progenitor cells stimulate neonatal lung angiogenesis through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling
Authors: Wang Guolun , Wen Bingqiang , Deng Zicheng , Zhang Yufang , Kolesnichenko Olena A. , Ustiyan Vladimir , Pradhan Arun , Kalin Tanya V. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V.
Published: April 2022

Pulmonary endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for neonatal lung angiogenesis and represent a subset of general capillary cells (gCAPs). Molecular mechanisms through which EPCs stimulate lung angiogenesis are unknown. Herein, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the BMP9/ACVRL1/SMAD1 pathway signature in pulmonary EPCs. BMP9 receptor, ACVRL1, and its downstream target genes were inhibited in EPCs from Foxf1WT/S52F mutant mice, a model of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Expression of ACVRL1 and its targets were reduced in lungs of ACDMPV subjects. Inhibition of FOXF1 transcription factor reduced BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling and decreased angiogenesis in vitro. FOXF1 synergized with ETS transcription factor FLI1 to activate ACVRL1 promoter. Nanoparticle-mediated silencing of ACVRL1 in newborn mice decreased neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization. Treatment with BMP9 restored lung angiogenesis and alveolarization in ACVRL1-deficient and Foxf1WT/S52F mice. Altogether, EPCs promote neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling.
Reaching the highest efficiency of spin Hall effect of light in the near-infrared using all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol , Yang Younghwan , Kim Yeseul , Rho Junsuk
Published: April 2022

The spin Hall effect of light refers to a spin-dependent transverse splitting of light at a planar interface. Previous demonstrations to enhance the splitting have suffered from exceedingly low efficiency. Achievements of the large splitting with high efficiency have been reported in the microwave, but those in the optical regime remain elusive. Here, an approach to attain the large splitting with high efficiency in the near-infrared is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at 800 nm by using a dielectric metasurface. Modulation of the complex transmission of the metasurface leads to the shifts that reach 10λalong with efficiencies over 70% under two linear polarizations. Our work extends the recent attempts to achieve the large and efficient spin Hall effect of light, which have been limited only to the microwave, to the optical regime.
Topological band structure via twisted photons in a degenerate cavity
Authors: Yang Mu , Zhang Hao-Qing , Liao Yu-Wei , Liu Zheng-Hao , Zhou Zheng-Wei , Zhou Xing-Xiang , Xu Jin-Shi , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: April 2022

Synthetic dimensions based on particles’ internal degrees of freedom, such as frequency, spatial modes and arrival time, have attracted significant attention. They offer ideal large-scale lattices to simulate nontrivial topological phenomena. Exploring more synthetic dimensions is one of the paths toward higher dimensional physics. In this work, we design and experimentally control the coupling among synthetic dimensions consisting of the intrinsic photonic orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum degrees of freedom in a degenerate optical resonant cavity, which generates a periodically driven spin-orbital coupling system. We directly characterize the system’s properties, including the density of states, energy band structures and topological windings, through the transmission intensity measurements. Our work demonstrates a mechanism for exploring the spatial modes of twisted photons as the synthetic dimension, which paves the way to design rich topological physics in a highly compact platform.
Manufacture-friendly nanostructured metals stabilized by dual-phase honeycomb shell
Authors: Wang Hai , Song Wei , Liu Mingfeng , Zhang Shuyuan , Ren Ling , Qiu Dong , Chen Xing-Qiu , Yang Ke
Published: April 2022

Refining grains to the nanoscale can greatly enhance the strength of metals. But the engineering applications of nanostructured metals are limited by their complex manufacturing technology and poor microstructural stability. Here we report a facile “Eutectoid element alloying→ Quenching→ Hot deformation” (EQD) strategy, which enables the mass production of a Ti6Al4V5Cu (wt.%) alloy with α-Ti grain size of 95 ± 32 nm. In addition, rapid co-precipitation of Ti2Cu and β phases forms a “dual-phase honeycomb shell” (DPHS) structure along the grain boundaries and effectively stabilizes the α-grains. The instability temperature of the nanostructured Ti6Al4V5Cu alloy reaches 973 K (0.55Tm). The room temperature tensile strength approaches 1.52 ± 0.03 GPa, which is 60% higher than the Ti6Al4V counterpart without sacrificing its ductility. Furthermore, the tensile elongation at 923 K exceeds 1000%. The aforementioned strategy paves a new pathway to develop manufacture-friendly nanostructured materials and it also has great potential for application in other alloy systems.
Insights into the activity of single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Kang , Fu Junwei , Lin Yiyang , Luo Tao , Ni Ganghai , Li Hongmei , Lin Zhang , Liu Min
Published: April 2022

Single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts has attracted widespread attentions in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the origin of ORR activity on Fe-N-C catalysts is still unclear, which hinder the further improvement of Fe-N-C catalysts. Herein, we provide a model to understand the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site from the spatial structure and energy level of the frontier orbitals by density functional theory calculations. Taking the regulation of divacancy defects on Fe-N4 site ORR activity as examples, we demonstrate that the hybridization between Fe 3dz2, 3dyz (3dxz) and O2 π* orbitals is the origin of Fe-N4 ORR activity. We found that the Fe–O bond length, the d-band center gap of spin states, the magnetic moment of Fe site and *O2 as descriptors can accurately predict the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site. Furthermore, these descriptors and ORR activity of Fe-N4 site are mainly distributed in two regions with obvious difference, which greatly relate to the height of Fe 3d projected orbital in the Z direction. This work provides a new insight into the ORR activity of single-atom M-N-C catalysts.
Full-range birefringence control with piezoelectric MEMS-based metasurfaces
Authors: Meng Chao , Thrane Paul C. V. , Ding Fei , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: April 2022

Dynamic polarization control is crucial for emerging highly integrated photonic systems with diverse metasurfaces being explored for its realization, but efficient, fast, and broadband operation remains a cumbersome challenge. While efficient optical metasurfaces (OMSs) involving liquid crystals suffer from inherently slow responses, other OMS realizations are limited either in the operating wavelength range (due to resonances involved) or in the range of birefringence tuning. Capitalizing on our development of piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based dynamic OMSs, we demonstrate reflective MEMS-OMS dynamic wave plates (DWPs) with high polarization conversion efficiencies (∼75%), broadband operation (∼100 nm near the operating wavelength of 800 nm), fast responses (<0.4 milliseconds) and full-range birefringence control that enables completely encircling the Poincaré sphere along trajectories determined by the incident light polarization and DWP orientation. Demonstrated complete electrical control over light polarization opens new avenues in further integration and miniaturization of optical networks and systems.
Accelerated biological aging in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cao Xue , Li Wenjuan , Wang Ting , Ran Dongzhi , Davalos Veronica , Planas-Serra Laura , Pujol Aurora , Esteller Manel , Wang Xiaolin , Yu Huichuan
Published: April 2022

Chronological age is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. Previous findings indicate that epigenetic age could be altered in viral infection. However, the epigenetic aging in COVID-19 has not been well studied. In this study, DNA methylation of the blood samples from 232 healthy individuals and 413 COVID-19 patients is profiled using EPIC methylation array. Epigenetic ages of each individual are determined by applying epigenetic clocks and telomere length estimator to the methylation profile of the individual. Epigenetic age acceleration is calculated and compared between groups. We observe strong correlations between the epigenetic clocks and individual’s chronological age (r > 0.8,p < 0.0001). We also find the increasing acceleration of epigenetic aging and telomere attrition in the sequential blood samples from healthy individuals and infected patients developing non-severe and severe COVID-19. In addition, the longitudinal DNA methylation profiling analysis find that the accumulation of epigenetic aging from COVID-19 syndrome could be partly reversed at late clinic phases in some patients. In conclusion, accelerated epigenetic aging is associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing severe COVID-19. In addition, the accumulation of epigenetic aging from COVID-19 may contribute to the post-COVID-19 syndrome among survivors.
A new dimension for magnetosensitive e-skins: active matrix integrated micro-origami sensor arrays
Authors: Becker Christian , Bao Bin , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Rivkin Boris , Li Zhe , Faghih Maryam , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: April 2022

Magnetic sensors are widely used in our daily life for assessing the position and orientation of objects. Recently, the magnetic sensing modality has been introduced to electronic skins (e-skins), enabling remote perception of moving objects. However, the integration density of magnetic sensors is limited and the vector properties of the magnetic field cannot be fully explored since the sensors can only perceive field components in one or two dimensions. Here, we report an approach to fabricate high-density integrated active matrix magnetic sensor with three-dimensional (3D) magnetic vector field sensing capability. The 3D magnetic sensor is composed of an array of self-assembled micro-origami cubic architectures with biased anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors manufactured in a wafer-scale process. Integrating the 3D magnetic sensors into an e-skin with embedded magnetic hairs enables real-time multidirectional tactile perception. We demonstrate a versatile approach for the fabrication of active matrix integrated 3D sensor arrays using micro-origami and pave the way for new electronic devices relying on the autonomous rearrangement of functional elements in space.
Exploring the materials space in the smallest particle size range: from heterogeneous catalysis to electrocatalysis and photocatalysis
Authors: Jašík Juraj , Fortunelli Alessandro , Vajda Štefan
Published: April 2022

Minireview on ultrasmall subnanometer clusters driving chemical transformations in heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.
Challenges of modeling nanostructured materials for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Samanta Bipasa , Morales-García Ángel , Illas Francesc , Goga Nicolae , Anta Juan Antonio , Calero Sofia , Bieberle-Hütter Anja , Libisch Florian , Muñoz-García Ana B. , Pavone Michele , Caspary Toroker Maytal
Published: April 2022

The future challenges in modeling nano-photocatalysts involve combining different methods in a hierarchical way, a path that will provide understanding on how to design catalysts for producing fuel needed for a sustainable life in the future.
An X-state solid–liquid mixture with unusual mechanical properties formed by water and coordination polymer nanosheet nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Shi Chunjing , Dang Qi , Zhang Wei , Cui Jiwei , Liu Jian , Hu Ming
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate an unusual state, the X state, by naturally drying up a dough which is composed of Ni(H2O)2[(Ni(CN)4]·H2O nanosheets and water. This X-state mixture shows mechanical characteristics different from both liquids and brittle solids.
Fish-scale waste to portable bioactive discs: a sustainable platform for sensitive and reliable blood group analysis
Authors: Bollu Tharun K. , Parimi Divya S. , Bhatt Chandra S. , Suresh Anil K.
Published: April 2022

Fish-scale waste-derived bio-discs as a portable and biodegradable alternative towards plastic and tree-derived paper diagnostics for blood grouping.
Electrostatically-gated molecular rotors
Authors: Lin Binzhou , Karki Ishwor , Pellechia Perry J. , Shimizu Ken D.
Published: April 2022

A molecular rotor was designed with an electrostatic-gate that forms attractive transition state interactions that lower the rotational barrier.
Expedient Ni-catalyzed C–H/C–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling of aryl amides with azoles
Authors: Sarkar Tanumay , Maharana Prabhat Kumar , Roy Subhasish , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: April 2022

A Ni(ii)-catalyzed C–H heteroarylation of aromatic amides with azoles is developed. Substrate scope, functional group tolerance and late-stage functionalization of xanthine-derived commercial pharmaceuticals are the important practical features.
Photocatalytic oxidation of Mn(ii) on the surface of Bi2.15WO6via the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) pathway
Authors: Guo Xing-Fei , Liu Zhao-Yu , Ren Hai-Tao , Yu Si-Yuan , Han Xu
Published: April 2022

The formation of Mn(ii)–O–Bi(iii) complex (LMCT band) decreases the bandgap of Bi2.15WO6 and the photogenerated electrons are transferred from the LMCT band to the CB of Bi2.15WO6, accompanied by the oxidation of Mn(ii).
Correction: Is ethaline a deep eutectic solvent?
Authors: Agieienko Vira , Buchner Richard
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Is ethaline a deep eutectic solvent?’ by Vira Agieienko et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 5265–5268, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP00104G.
Brominated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for mitochondrial immobilization as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Liu Ben , Chen Zhiyin , Li Yu , Du Xiang-Fu , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Wei , Lai Yuxiao , Li Yi
Published: April 2022

Brominated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes can be fixed on mitochondria, display high anticancer activity, restrain TrxR activity, inhibit the formation of tumor cell colony and angiogenesis, activate caspase-3, regulate the expression of Bax, KI67, and trigger apoptosis.
Novel axially symmetric and unsymmetric silicon(iv) phthalocyanines having anti-inflammatory groups: synthesis, characterization and their biological properties
Authors: Gümüşgöz Çelik Gizem , Gonca Serpil , Şahin Belgin , Özdemir Sadin , Atilla Devrim , Gürek Ayşe Gül
Published: April 2022

Novel Si(iv)Pc derivatives axially conjugated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were synthesized and characterized to be antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Contribution of photocatalytic and Fenton-based processes in nanotwin structured anodic TiO2 nanotube layers modified by Ce and V
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Guru Karthikeyan , Gowrisankaran Sridhar , Caplovicova Maria , Satrapinskyy Leonid , Gregor Maros , Lavrikova Aleksandra , Gregus Jan , Halko Radoslav , Plesch Gustav , Motola Martin , Monfort Olivier
Published: April 2022

Contribution of photocatalysis and Fenton-based processes for the degradation of aqueous organic pollutants.
The quest for the holy grail of solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Bonnick Patrick , Muldoon John
Published: April 2022

Tremendous improvements in the Li+ conductivity of inorganic solid electrolytes over the past 15 years have renewed interest in developing solid state batteries, with a particular focus on realizing the lithium metal anode.
C/Sn deposition on a helical carbon nanofiber matrix as a high performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ge , Jin Yongzhong , Su Wei , Li Yuming , Zhang Wenjun , Qing Ting
Published: April 2022

C/Sn/HCNF composites were successfully prepared by solution phase synthesis and carbon thermal reduction. Within the hybrid composite, the HCNFs, Sn and carbon layer show a synergistic effect in improving coulombic efficiency and electrical capacity.
Unravelling the key factors in the chlorine-promoted epoxidation of ethylene over a silver–copper oxide nanocatalyst
Authors: Urbiztondo Miguel , Ramirez Adrian , Hueso Jose L. , Santamaria Jesus , Ruiz-Salvador A. Rabdel , Hamad Said
Published: April 2022

This work explores the enhanced selectivity of a silver–copper oxide nanocatalyst towards the epoxidation of ethylene. Experimental and DFT calculations suggest the co-existence of indirect and direct pathways and the influence of desorption rates.
Size-tuneable and immunocompatible polymer nanocarriers for drug delivery in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Popov Andrea Bistrović , Melle Francesca , Linnane Emily , González-López Cristina , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Parshad Badri , Franck Christoph O. , Rahmoune Hassan , Richards Frances M. , Muñoz-Espín Daniel , Jodrell Duncan I. , Fairen-Jimenez David , Fruk Ljiljana
Published: April 2022

Pluronic-polydopamine nanocarriers were used to evaluate the effect of particle size on immunocompatiblity and cell uptake in pancreatic cancer. The drug-loaded carriers exhibited enhanced antiproliferative effects in this hard-to-treat cancer.
Achieving highly selective CO2 adsorption on SAPO-35 zeolites by template-modulating the framework silicon content
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Hongwei , Wang Chaoran , Ye Yu , Li Libo , Song Xiaowei , Yu Jihong
Published: April 2022

SAPO-35 zeolite with template-modulated framework Si content showed superior CO2 affinity and separation of CO2/N2 mixtures.
A cell membrane-targeting AIE photosensitizer as a necroptosis inducer for boosting cancer theranostics
Authors: Niu Niu , Yu Ying , Zhang Zhijun , Kang Miaomiao , Wang Lei , Zhao Zheng , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2022

A membrane-targeting photosensitizer TBMPEI with AIE properties was synthesizedviaa new acceptor, and it was utilized as a necroptosis inducer during imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.
Mitotic drive in asymmetric epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Ranjan Rajesh , Chen Xin
Published: April 2022

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces two daughter cells with distinct cell fates. This division mode is widely used during development and by adult stem cells during tissue homeostasis and regeneration, which can be regulated by both extrinsic cues such as signaling molecules and intrinsic factors such as epigenetic information. While the DNA replication process ensures that the sequences of sister chromatids are identical, how epigenetic information is re-distributed during ACD has remained largely unclear in multicellular organisms. Studies of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) have revealed that sister chromatids incorporate pre-existing and newly synthesized histones differentially and segregate asymmetrically during ACD. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, two key questions must be answered: first, how and when asymmetric histone information is established; and second, how epigenetically distinct sister chromatids are distinguished and segregated. Here, we discuss recent advances which help our understanding of this interesting and important cell division mode.
Subcarrier‐pair based joint resource allocation for secure cooperative OFDM system with multiple untrusted AF relays
Authors: Jin Yifeng , Li Xunan , Lv Guocheng , Zhao Meihui , Jin Ye
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system with multiple untrusted amplify‐and‐forward relays is considered. Since there exists no direct link between source and user because of the shadowing effect, a positive system secrecy rate cannot be obtained. Addressing this issue, a cooperative user‐aided jamming technique to improve the secrecy performance is employed. With the aim of maximising the system secrecy rate, a joint resource allocation problem of power allocation, relay assignment and subcarrier pairing is formulated. By using the signal‐to‐noise ratio based approach and the Lagrange dual method, this nonconvex problem is solved efficiently. To reduce the calculation complexity, a suboptimal algorithm, which decouples the power allocation with the relay assignment and subcarrier pairing is further proposed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the advantage of the two proposed algorithms and the impact of relays' location and number of subcarriers on the secrecy performance. Moreover, it is shown that the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is decreased with respect to the number of untrusted relays.
Determination of coronal mass ejection orientation and consequences for their propagation
Authors: Martinić K. , Dumbović M. , Temmer M. , Veronig A. , Vršnak B.
Published: April 2022

Context. The configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field and features of the related ambient solar wind in the ecliptic and meridional plane are different. Therefore, one can expect that the orientation of the flux-rope axis of a coronal mass ejection (CME) influences the propagation of the CME itself. However, the determination of the CME orientation, especially from image data, remains a challenging task to perform.

Aim. This study aims to provide a reference to different CME orientation determination methods in the near-Sun environment. Also, it aims to investigate the non-radial flow in the sheath region of the interplanetary CME (ICME) in order to provide the first proxy to relate the ICME orientation with its propagation.

Methods. We investigated 22 isolated CME-ICME events in the period 2008–2015. We determined the CME orientation in the near-Sun environment using the following: (1) a 3D reconstruction of the CME with the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model applied to coronagraphic images provided by the STEREO and SOHO missions; and (2) an ellipse fitting applied to single spacecraft data from SOHO/LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs. In the near-Earth environment, we obtained the orientation of the corresponding ICME using in situ plasma and field data and also investigated the non-radial flow in its sheath region.

Results. The ability of GCS and ellipse fitting to determine the CME orientation is found to be limited to reliably distinguish only between the high or low inclination of the events. Most of the CME-ICME pairs under investigation were found to be characterized by a low inclination. For the majority of CME-ICME pairs, we obtain consistent estimations of the tilt from remote and in situ data. The observed non-radial flows in the sheath region show a greater y direction to z direction flow ratio for high-inclination events, indicating that the CME orientation could have an impact on the CME propagation.
Martingale Solutions of the Stochastic 2D Primitive Equations with Anisotropic Viscosity
Authors: Sun Chengfeng , Gao Hongjun , Liu Hui , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2022

The stochastic 2D primitive equations with anisotropic viscosity are studied in this paper. The existence of the martingale solutions and pathwise uniqueness of the solutions are obtained. The proof is based on anisotropic estimates, the compactness method, tightness criteria and the Jakubowski version of the Skorokhod theorem for nonmetric spaces.
Naturheilkundliche Behandlungsoptionen bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: April 2022

Die besondere Bedeutung von Jod und Selen für die Schilddrüsenfunktion ist ein lohnendes Thema für alle Patienten, unabhängig davon, ob schon eine Schilddrüsenerkrankung vorliegt oder (noch) nicht. Aus komplementärmedizinischer Sicht bedient dieses Thema eine Schnittmenge aus Ordnungstherapie, Ernährungstherapie und Orthomolekularmedizin. Darüber hinaus stellt der Beitrag weitere naturheilkundliche Therapiebausteine vor, die im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit Beschwerden der Schilddrüse zum Einsatz kommen. Dort sind Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in den seltensten Fällen der Hauptgrund für einen stationären Aufenthalt, jedoch eine der häufigsten Nebendiagnosen. Nicht wenige Betroffene haben dabei Symptome, die auf eine Schilddrüsenüber- oder -unterfunktion hinweisen, obwohl die Schilddrüsenparameter laborchemisch im Normbereich liegen.
Die Nebennierenschwäche – Cortisoltagesprofil und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Huber Monika
Published: April 2022

Die erworbene funktionelle Nebennierenschwäche entsteht durch individuell zu lange anhaltende endogene oder exogene Stressfaktoren. Das Ergebnis langer Überlastung und Erschöpfung ist aussagefähig messbar mit einem Cortisoltagesprofil im Speichel. Für den Erfolg einer Therapie ist entscheidend, die wichtigsten Ursachen zu finden, kausal zu therapieren, Verhaltensänderungen herauszuarbeiten und die Nebenniere ganzheitlich-systemisch und bei Bedarf durch Substitution von bioidentischem Cortisol zu unterstützen.
Homöopathie bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: April 2022

Bei der Wahl einer homöopathischen Arznei sind meist weitere, ganz individuelle Symptome oder mögliche Auslöser, die gar nicht pathognomonisch für die jeweilige Erkrankung sind, anzeigend. Dies ist auch bei möglichen Mitteln zu Stoffwechselstörungen der Schilddrüse der Fall. Der Beitrag stellt homöopathische Arzneien vor, die aufgrund ihres Bezugs zu Schilddrüsenerkrankungen auf jeden Fall in Betracht gezogen werden sollten. Bei hyperthyreoter Stoffwechsellage kommen vor allem jodhaltige Mittel zum Einsatz, hypothyreote Schilddrüsenerkrankungen benötigen Mittel, die in erster Linie den Schwächezustand angehen. Nach der Vorstellung diverser Homöopathika mit Bezug zu Schilddrüsenerkrankungen gibt der Beitrag auch noch einen kleinen Überblick zum aktuellen Forschungsstand. Viele Studien kommen zu einer positiven Bewertung der Homöopathie, dennoch ist die Studienlage noch recht dünn, weswegen weitere Forschungsaktivitäten wünschenswert wären.
Zwischen Demut und ambitionierten Zielen – Projekt autonomer Roboter fürs Gehtraining
Authors: Aschoff Frank
Published: April 2022

Menschen können nach einer Hüft-TEP-Operation mit einem Roboter 24/7 ein Gangtraining an Unterarmgehstützen durchführen. Der High-Tech-Therapeut korrigiert und er dokumentiert die Effekte. Zukunftsmusik? Nein. Physiotherapeutin Anke Mayfarth arbeitet seit 2016 an diesem ambitionierten Projekt.
Der natürliche Schilddrüsenextrakt – eine echte Alternative?
Authors: Hermann Alina , Brada-Wallbrecher Josepha
Published: April 2022

Der natürliche Schilddrüsenextrakt kann eine echte alternative Therapieoption darstellen für Patient*innen, die mit einer reinen synthetischen T4- oder einer T3/T4-Kombinationstherapie in ihrem Wohlbefinden nicht zufriedenstellend eingestellt werden können. Der pharmazeutische Wirkstoff Schilddrüsenextrakt kann durch seinen Gehalt an proteingebundenem T3 und T4 sowie den weiteren aktiven Wirkstoffen, wie Calcitonin und Schilddrüsenhormonvorstufen, zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patient*innen beitragen. Da kein zugelassenes Fertigarzneimittel auf dem deutschen Markt verfügbar ist, kann aus dem natürlichen Schilddrüsenextrakt ein patientenindividuelles Rezepturarzneimittel durch eine herstellungsaktive Apotheke auf Verordnung des Arztes/der Ärztin in individueller Dosierung hergestellt werden.
Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids from Cephalotaxus sinensis
Authors: Huang Jian , Chen Yang , Zhao Hongyi , Pan Huanhuan , Yao Yi
Published: April 2022

Cephalotaxus diterpenoids are well known for their unique structures and biological activities. Cephanolides, as new cephalotane-type norditerpenoids isolated from Cephalotaxus sinensis, have attracted considerable attention from the synthetic community. The present Short Review summarizes strategic approaches toward the total synthesis of cephanolides from 2018 to 2021.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Approaches toward Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids

2.1 First Total Synthesis of Cephanolides B and C by Zhao (2018)

2.2 Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A–D by Sarpong (2021)

2.3 Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Yang (2021)

2.4 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide A by Gao (2020)

2.5 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolide B by Gao (2021)

2.6 Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cephanolides A and B by Cai (2021)

3 Conclusion and Perspectives
Rhodium-Catalyzed Stitching Reactions for the Facile Synthesis of Extended π-Conjugated Compounds
Authors: Shintani Ryo
Published: April 2022

π-Conjugated compounds have been extensively investigated as potentially useful organic materials, however, accessible structures are currently still limited, mainly due to the lack of efficient synthetic methods. In this regard, a new synthetic strategy termed the ‘stitching reaction’ has been recently devised that allows facile access to novel types of bridged π-conjugated compounds in a convergent manner under rhodium catalysis. In addition, this synthetic strategy has been successfully applied to the preparation of π-conjugated polymers that cannot be synthesized via existing methods. Herein an overview that includes the physical properties of newly synthesized π-conjugated compounds is provided.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Novel Fused Oligosiloles by the Stitching Reaction and Their Properties

3 Synthesis of Hydrocarbon-Based Fused π-Conjugated Compounds by the Stitching Reaction

4 Synthesis of New π-Conjugated Polymers by Stitching Polymerization

5 Conclusion
Euryachincoside, a Novel Phenolic Glycoside with Anti-Hepatic Fibrosis Activity from Eurya chinensis
Authors: Li Bai-Lin , Liang Hui-Jun , Li Qian-Ran , Wang Qian , Ao Zhuo-Yi , Fan Yu-Wen , Zhang Wei-Jie , Lian Xin , Chen Jia-Yan , Yuan Jie , Wu Jie-Wei
Published: April 2022

Eurya chinensis has been recorded as a folk medicine traditionally used for treatment of a variety of symptoms. However, the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of this plant are still scarce. A novel phenolic glycoside named Euryachincoside (ECS) was isolated by chromatographic separation from E. chinensis, and its chemical structure was identified by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Its anti-hepatic fibrosis effects were evaluated in both HSC-T6 (rat hepatic stellate cells) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice with Silybin (SLB) as the positive control. In an in vitro study, ECS showed little cytotoxicity and inhibited transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced Collagen I (Col1) along with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions in HSC-T6. An in vivo study suggested ECS significantly ameliorated hepatic injury, secretions of inflammatory cytokines, and collagen depositions. Moreover, ECS markedly mediated Smad2/3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways both in vitro and vivo. These present findings confirmed that ECS is a novel phenolic glycoside from E. chinensis with promising curative effects on hepatic fibrosis, and its mechanisms may include decreasing extracellular matrix accumulation, reducing inflammation and attenuating free radicals via Smad2/3, NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, which may shed light on the exploration of more effective phenolic glycoside-based anti-fibrotic agents.
Hepatic Arterioportal Fistula in Patients with Cirrhosis with Endovascular Management—A Series of 4 Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Chandel Karamvir , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Tara Prasad , Mukund Amar , Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2022

Hepatic arterioportal fistula (APF) in the setting of cirrhosis may aggravate the preexisting portal hypertension and its complications. Cirrhotic patients undergo various percutaneous invasive procedures and are at risk of developing an APF. These should be diagnosed early and should be treated accordingly at the earliest when indicated. Presently embolization is the treatment of choice with coil embolization as the most commonly used method. We describe four cases from our institute with a history of liver parenchymal disease and were found to have acquired APF on imaging. These were successfully managed with transarterial embolization with resolution or improvement in their clinical symptoms on follow-up. The present case series and review emphasize the importance of APF in the setting of liver parenchymal disease and the role of early diagnosis and therapeutic intravascular interventions.