bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Iron Absorption in Man — III: Effect of Iron Salt, Ascorbic Acid and Desferrioxamine on the Isotopic Exchange between Native Food Iron and an Extrinsic Inorganic Iron Tracer
Authors: Björn‐Rasmussen Erik
Published: August 2010

A new two pool extrinsic tag method to measure the dietary iron absorption has recently been proposed. One of the main prerequisites for this method is that a complete isotopic exchange takes place in the soluble ionized part of the common non‐haeme iron pool.

The present investigation was carried out to test the validity of using this method to measure the effect of substances promoting or inhibiting dietary non‐haeme iron absorption.

Normal subjects were served a meal prepared from biologically 55Fe labelled wheat or maize with added inorganic iron labelled with 59Fe. When served with added ferrous sulphate or ascorbic acid equal absorptions from the two tracers were found. When served with desferrioxamine there was a marked and almost equal reduction of the absorption from the two radioiron tracers. It is concluded that the rate or extent of isotopic exchange is not affected by compounds increasing (ferrous sulphate or ascorbic acid) or decreasing (desferrioxamine) the size of the ionized and/or soluble part of the common non‐heame iron pool.

The extrinsic tag method can thus be used to study the effect of iron fortification or of substances promoting or inhibiting the absorption of dietary non‐haeme iron.
β ‐ Glucuronidase Activity in Sezary Cells
Authors: Flandrin G. , Daniel M. T.
Published: August 2010

β‐glucuronidase activity was estimated semi‐quantitatively by a cytochemical method. Strong granular enzyme activity was found to be present in lymphocytes of healthy controls with a pleiomorphic pattern of positivity. In 18 out of 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the lymphocyte score was low as previously described. In the remaining 2 CLL cases, the β‐glucuronidase activity showed a value higher than the normal mean score. In erythrodermic patients with ‘Sezary cells’ in the peripheral blood, these abnormal lymphocytic cells had a very strong granular positivity in almost all cases. Since CLL is recognized as a B‐cell type proliferation, and Sezary‐syndrome as a T‐cell counterpart, it is worthy of note that two strikingly different cytochemical patterns are found in these abnormal cells. The significance of the CLL with high β‐glucuronidase activity remains as yet unsolved.
Myelomatosis and Acute Monocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Marcović Nenad , Hansson Bengt‐Göran , Hällén Jan
Published: August 2010

A case of myelomatosis (IgGK) is reported, in which acute monocytic leukaemia of ‘Naegeli type’ developed after six years' treatment with melphalan. No such case could be traced retrospectively in the Malmo series of 123 cases of acute leukaemia in subjects above 15 or in 177 cases of myelomatosis diagnosed within the last 20 years.

This work was supported by a fellowship from the Swedish Institute (No: 4665/sti) to one of the authors (N.M.).
Sinus Repair in the Bone Marrow of Hypoxic Mice Possible Relationship to Cellular Migration
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Zina
Published: August 2010

Observations on the repair of sinus wall in the bone marrow of hypoxic mice are reported. Evidence was found for intravascular coagulation as a mechanism for repair of sinus. Additionally, in both hypoxic and normal mice, strands of fibrin were observed in close association with cells in migration across the sinus wall. We suggest that cells in transit in bone marrow of mice trigger a brief and transient intravascular coagulation phenomena. However, under normal conditions platelets‐fibrin clots are not formed and the gaps created by cells in migration are closed by endothelial contraction or by some other mechanism.

Large gaps in the sinus of bone marrow which do not close by normal mechanism, may be sealed by solid clots of platelets.
Platelet Survival and Platelet Production in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) before and during Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Weinfeld Aleksander
Published: August 2010

Platelet mean life span (MLS) and platelet production were studied in 11 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before and after institution of corticosteroids.

Platelet MLS was greatly reduced before treatment. A prolongation of MLS was observed in every patient during corticosteroid therapy but there was in no case a normalization of platelet MLS.

Platelet production was significantly above normal in untreated ITP and did not change significantly during corticosteroid treatment. The partial compensation of the platelet count during treatment was due to an increase of platelet MLS and a continued unchanged elevated platelet production.

Recovery of infused labelled platelets was greatly reduced in ITP and was closely related to platelet MLS. During corticosteroid treatment the recovery values increased significantly.

The survival curve in ITP consists of a rapid component terminated 15 min after infusion and a second one with a slower disappearance rate. The percentage platelet recovery is dependent on the magnitude of the first component. Due to limitations of splenic blood flow the rapid initial platelet destruction is mainly accomplished by the liver. In untreated ITP with a high rate of initial platelet destruction a greater amount of radioactivity would accumulate in this organ. Accordingly external surface counting of radioactivity has shown an increase in the spleen to liver ratio during corticosteroid treatment.
The Effect of Fractionated Administration of Erythropoietin in Splenectomized or Shamoperated Erythraemic Mice
Authors: Fogh Jan
Published: August 2010

Splenectomy does not influence the ESF‐response in erythraemic mice after a single i.v. administration of less than 2.0 IRP‐units of ESF. A significantly smaller response, however, is observed in splenectomized mice than in sham operated animals when ESF‐doses larger than 2.0 IRP‐units are administered. Comparison of the ESF‐dose‐response in ESF‐prestimulated, splenectomized or sham operated mice with that of non‐prestimulated controls indicates that ESF leads to an increase in the number of primitive erythropoietin‐responding cells, and that this increase mainly, if not exclusively, takes place in the spleen. Although the number of primitive erythropoietin‐responding cells does not increase in splenectomized mice following stimulation with ESF, divided administration of large ESF‐doses to such animals causes a moderate but significant increase in the dose‐response as compared to that of un‐divided administration. As ESF is eliminated exponentially, divided administration of a large ESF‐dose will increase the ‘stimulation time’, i.e. the time during which the dose is effective. A mathematical expression for the ‘stimulation time’ as a function of the dose and the number of fractions used for administration of the dose is advanced. It is suggested that an extension of the ‘stimulation time’ explains the enhanced response observed after fractionated administration of ESF to splenectomized animals. It is concluded that the substantial increase in ESF‐response obtained by fractionated administration of ESF to erythraemic mice with intact spleen is caused partly by an extension of the ESF‐stimulation‐time and partly by an increase in the number of erythropoietin‐responding cells induced by the first fraction of the dose.
The Role of Fibrin Monomer and an in vivo Thrombin‐Induced Anticoagulant in Experimental Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Wetmore Robert , Gurewich Victor
Published: August 2010

The functional role of soluble fibrin monomer (FM) complexes in vivo is not known and the clinical significance of its laboratory measurement unclear. The effect of FM on the development of experimental venous thrombosis was evaluated. Laboratory determination of FM by ethanol gelation and protamine sulfate paracoagulation in the presence of serum‐induced thrombosis was performed. FM in vivo was formed by the administration of thrombin and by the infusion of soluble fibrin. FM was found not to significantly potentiate thrombus formation in this experimental model. Furthermore, extensive thrombosis occurred without demonstrable circulating FM. The results suggest that the presence of FM in the blood is not a reliable measure of incipient venous thrombosis. The laboratory demonstration of FM in association with deep vein thrombosis probably reflects the result and not the cause of the thrombus. During this study, a potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity induced by thrombin in vivo was demonstrated. Some of the experimental results were related to this activity. Preliminary studies of this activity are presented and its pathophysiologic significance considered.
Studies on Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Experimental Pulmonary Embolism in Dogs
Authors: Rø J. S. , Bergan A. , Amundsen E.
Published: August 2010

Pulmonary embolism was induced in anaesthetized dogs by injection of autologous blood clot fragments. The short‐term effects (1 h) were studied in 17 dogs and the long‐term effects (4 d) were followed in 7 of them. A slight activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis seemed to occur. The ethanol gelation test was positive for some hours after the embolization, and the levels of platelets and clotting factors I, II/ VII/X, V and VIII decreased moderately. Serum concentration of fibrinogen‐fibrin related antigens increased to a maximum level after 1 h when proteolytic capacity and plasminogen assays were unaffected. Lower levels were revealed, however, after 24 h when fibrinogen‐fibrin related antigen level had largely returned to normal. The same type of fibrinolytic response has previously been experienced after thrombin induced intravascular coagulation. Initially, the level of leucocytes decreased relatively more than that of platelets, as also observed after thrombin infusion. The Thrombotest/Normotest discrepancy which has frequently been found in active thrombosis, did not occur in this study.
The Effect of RA 233 on Platelet Function in vitro and after Administration to Man
Authors: Warlow Charles , Forman Kathleen , Ogston D. , Douglas A. S.
Published: August 2010

RA 233 inhibited human platelet adhesion and aggregation in vitro. However, the administration of 3 g daily to human subjects for one week caused no alteration in the same parameters of platelet function. The lack of effect of RA 233 in vivo is likely to be due to inadequate blood levels of the drug being attained by acceptable oral doses and it is, therefore, unlikely that this drug would have any beneficial effect on thrombogenesis.
Myeloma Producing Nonsecretory IgM and Secretory IgG
Authors: Stein H. , Kaiserling E.
Published: August 2010

Four myelomas were investigated for their immunoglobulin‐content, both immuno‐morphologically in tissue sections and immunochemically in tumour tissue extracts. With peroxidase‐labelled antibodies only IgG could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the cells. IgA was reduced in all tissue extracts. IgG was highly increased in both the tissue extracts and sera of all cases. By means of electrophoresis it was proved to be monoclonal. IgM was shown to be increased in the homogenate of only one myeloma. With gel‐chromatography it appeared in the position of 7 S‐IgG. Both the tissue‐IgM and the IgG contained kappa‐chains. The serum‐IgM was reduced in this case as well as in the other myelomas.

We conclude that all four myelomas produced and secreted IgG. One of them also produced IgM, which was not secreted but instead probably expressed on the cell membranes. We therefore assume that this myeloma was derived from plasma cells which had just switched from non‐secretory IgM‐synthesis to secretory IgG‐synthesis, while the ‐1gM‐synthesis had not yet ceased. On the other hand, the myelomas which produced and secreted only IgG were derived from plasma cells which had lost their surface‐IgM.
The Effect of Splenectomy on the Megakaryocyte and Platelet Count in the Blood of Rats
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard
Published: August 2010

The effect of splenectomy on the number of circulating megakaryocytes and blood platelets was investigated 1 to 28 d after intervention in female rats. No significant change in the number of circulating megakaryocytes was found and the distribution of megakaryocytes with and without cytoplasm was the same. The blood platelet count rose steeply after the 2nd day, reached a maximum on the 6th day (192 % of the initial value), and then gradually fell. An increased count was still found on the 28th day (125 % of the initial value).
Growth Stimulation of Normal Human Bone Marrow Cells in Agar Culture by Human Serum
Authors: Knudtzon Søren
Published: August 2010

Human bone marrow cells cultured in soft agar with human serum, but without fetal calf serum or a feeder layer, form granulocytic clusters. The number of clusters formed is shown to be dependent on the serum concentration, thus indicating that the method can be used as an assay for growth‐stimulating factors in human serum. The cluster formation is also dependent on the presence and the number of cluster‐stimulating cells in the culture. These cells can be removed by their adherence to cotton‐wool or by using frozen bone marrow cells. Following these procedures, only a few or no clusters are formed in the serum assay.

The possible relation between growth‐stimulating factors in serum and the cluster‐stimulating cells is discussed and the serum assay is suggested for further investigation of these components and their importance in granulopoiesis.
The Effect of Alimentary Hyperlipaemia and Primary Hypertriglyceridaemia on Platelets in Man
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Strøm Ellen , Gjesdal Knut
Published: August 2010

30 healthy male subjects were given an isocaloric meal composed mainly of saturated or unsaturated fat. Before and 2 h after the completion of the meal plasma and platelet lipids, platelet factor 3 and platelet factor 4 activity were examined. During alimentary hyperlipaemia a significant increase of platelet triglycerides was seen after both meals. The platelet triglycerides reflected the dietary fatty acids. After the saturated fatty meal an increase of platelet factor 4 activity was present in platelet poor plasma and a decrease in platelet factor 3 availability was present. In 5 subjects with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia all characterized by high levels of plasma triglycerides, the platelet triglycerides and the platelet factor 3 activity and availability were similar to what was found in normal fasting subjects.
Combination Chemotherapy of Acute Leukaemia in Adults
Authors: Ikkala Dr. Eero
Published: August 2010

86 adult patients with acute leukaemia admitted to 8 Finnish hospitals were randomly allocated to treatment with a combination of either cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside and prednisone (CAP) or of daunorubicine, cytosine arabinoside and prednisone (RAP). Complete or good partial remissions were achieved in 8 of 41 patients (20 %) treated with CAP regimen and in 22 of 45 patients (49 %) treated with RAP regimen. The median length of remission was 135 d in CAP and 177 d in RAP regimen and the median survival times were 71 and 210 d, respectively. About 75 % of patients with acute leukaemia diagnosed in Finland during the study period evidently were included in the series. The results achieved with RAP regimen were regarded good enough to warrant further activity of the group without attempts at more centralized treatment.
Simple, Semiquantitative Test for Partial Factor XI11 (FSF) Deficiency
Authors: Jakobsen E. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

When the factor XIII concentration in plasma was less than 25–30 % of normal, clots made from citrated plasma by addition of thrombin (but without addition of calcium) dissolved completely in 5 M urea. Since, partial deficiency in factor XI11 may contribute to bleeding, the present procedure might be useful as a screening for such deficiencies.
Complement Components on the Surface of Normal Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Osther K. , Dybkjaer E.
Published: August 2010

The presence of complement components Clq, C4, C3 and C3 activator is demonstrated on human lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. The methods employed are double layer immunofluorescence technique and cytophoto‐metry. Furthermore, simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin and complement components has been possible.

An amount of 10–25 % of the isolated lymphocytes showed presence of complement components, distributed in a manner comparable to immunoglobulins on the surface of the lymphocytes.

The simultaneous double marking technique revealed an invariable co‐occurrence of immunoglobulins and complement components on the lymphocytes. This study may indicate that the cytotoxicity of the B lymphocytes resembles the cytotoxical actions of the humoral immune system.
Free Fatty Acids (FFA) ‐ Blood Clotting, Fibrinolysis and Platelet Function
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer , Holm Trond
Published: August 2010

The effect of an increase in the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration on platelets, blood clotting and fibrinolysis has been studied in 5 volunteers. Increased FFA‐concentration was achieved by infusion of nor‐adrenaline (NA). As a control a second NA infusion was given after pretreatment with nicotinic acid which blocks the release of FFA.

There were no changes in the number of platelets or platelet stickness, in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ‘stypven’ time, factor V, factor VIII, factor II‐VII‐X or antithrombin III or fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen or plasmin inhibitors which could be correlated to the fluctuations in FFA. During the first NA infusion an increase in the number of circulating platelets was observed ‐ probably due to spleen contraction. An insignificant increase in factor VIII was seen during both NA infusions. The nicotinic acid infusion caused an increased fibrinolytic activity. Notably this did not influence platelet function or clotting.
Studies of Human Peripheral Lymph II. Low Lymphocyte Count and Few B‐Lymphocytes in Peripheral Lymph of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Engeset A. , Frøiland S. S. , Bremer K.
Published: August 2010

Peripheral lymph was studied in 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with blood lymphocyte counts between 2,100 and 93,000/μl and in 8 control patients with solid tumours and haematologically normal with lymphocyte counts below 3,500/μl. The mean lymphocyte count in peripheral lymph in the two groups was about the same order, 123 and 149/μ1 respectively despite marked differences in blood lymphocyte count. This demonstrates that the leukaemic cells do not migrate to any significant extent into the subcutaneous tissue and back to the lymphatics. 5 of the 6 CLL patients studied had > 90 % B‐lymphocytes (identified by their membrane bound immunoglobulin) in the blood representing both relatively and absolutely much higher blood B‐lymphocyte values than normal (3–22 %). The percentage of B‐lymphocytes in the lymph was 5 % or less with the exception of one patient with 50%.

It is concluded that reduced lymphocyte recirculation in CLL does not depend on functionally altered lymph nodes since a direct effect of the lymph node on the cell number in peripheral lymph can be excluded. Our data indicate that the minimal recirculation to peripheral lymph depends on properties of the leukaemic cell possibly reflecting a normal B‐cell characteristic.
Quantitation of Erythropoiesis by a New Method IV. Studies Using 59Fe and DF32P Simultaneously in Haematological Diseases
Authors: Lockner Dieter
Published: August 2010

The reliability of the author's method for quantitation of erythropoiesis using 59Fe was tested by simultaneous studies of mean erythrocyte life span with DF32P. 13 patients with common haematological disorders were studied. The mean erythrocyte life span as determined with 59Fe did not differ from that determined with DF32P. Differences exceeding 10 % were found in only 3 cases. The derangements observed in haematological disorders corresponded well with earlier observations on large materials and with other methods. Thus the method is a reliable substitute for more laborious techniques when erythropoiesis is to be quantified.
Cold Induced Retraction of Reptilase Clots
Authors: Kubisz P.
Published: August 2010

Low temperature induces retraction of the reptilase clots. Reptilase clot retraction (RCR) after induction with cold may be blocked by repeated warming up of citrated platelet rich plasma at 37° C, by amitriptyline or EDTA. After induction with cold the contractile system is activated only indirectly in the course of the adhesion of thrombocytic pseudopodia to the fibers of polymerizing fibrin in the presence of Ca2+ ions and under these conditions the RCR is an indicator of the primary platelet shape change induced by cold.
Blood Platelet Production and Red Cell Leakage to Lymph during Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Aursnes I.
Published: August 2010

Previous investigations have shown that a vascular wall defect will usually, but not always, develop during irradiation‐induced thrombocytopenia. This phenomenon has been further examined by observing the content of red cells in ear lymph in rabbits 9–10 days after exposure to a sublethal dose (660 rads) of whole body irradiation during which the ears were shielded. Increased number of red cells in the ear lymph was found in about 2/3 of 51 such thrombocytopenic animals (< 35,000 platelets/μl blood). When a small dose of platelet antiserum was given to some of the remaining and similarly thrombocytopenic animals, a marked increase in the red cell content of the ear lymph also appeared in these cases.

Results achieved in additional experiments with 660 rads exposure indicated that some production of blood platelets remained even during the days with most marked thrombocytopenia. Another group of animals was therefore exposed to the (lethal) dose of 1,300 rads which eliminated platelet production completely. These animals invariably developed an abnormal degree of vascular leakage of red cells to lymph already by days 4–5 after irradiation, when the levels of blood platelets were still 100,000–400,000/μl blood. When the same high irradiation dose was given to animals with their hindlegs shielded, neither marked thrombocytopenia nor signs of abnormal vascular leakage developed. It appears, therefore, that newly produced platelets or some factor connected with platelet production must be available in order to prevent the abnormal microvascular leakage of red cells from developing.
Platelet Stain Preventing Factor in Serum or Plasma ‐An Early Sign of Leiomyosarcoma?
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre , Flatmark Audun , Jr Sigvald Refsum
Published: August 2010

A macromolecular component, platelet stain preventing factor (PSPF), possessing the capacity to prevent staining of platelets in the presence of EDTA, was found in the serum of an apparently healthy person. Two years later, leiomyosarcoma with liver metastases was diagnosed at laparatomy in that particular person. Extract from the patient's leiomyosarcoma exhibited very strong PSPF activity.

The observations suggest that PSPF was synthesized in the patient's tumour and that test for PSPF may become a useful tool in early diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Blood Lymphocytes in Hodgkin's Disease Lymphocytopenia Related to Stages and Histological Groups
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Normann Trine
Published: August 2010

The peripheral blood lymphocyte counts of 78 untreated Hodgkin patients have been reviewed and related to stages and histological groups. Sixty‐two of the patient were staged by diagnostic laparatomy, while the other 16 had evident stage IV disease. Seventy‐eight per cent of the lymphocytopenic patients had stage III or IV disease. Lymphocyte depletion histology was associated with a high incidence of lymphocyte penia, but this may be due to accumulation of stage IV patients in this histological group. It is concluded that blood lymphocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease is mainly a feature of a far advanced stage in the disease.
Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Dipyridamole on Platelet Survival and Aggregation in Patients with Atherosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: Abrahamsen A. F. , Eika C. , Godal H. C. , Lorentsen E.
Published: August 2010

The effect of combined treatment with acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole on platelet consumption and aggregation was studied in 9 patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. The trial was carried out as a randomized double‐blind, cross‐over study. All patients had increased consumption of blood platelets. The treatment produced a marked inhibition of platelet aggregation, increased the bleeding time, but did not reduce the platelet consumption.
The Effect of the Wr‐Labelling Procedure on Platelet Aggregability
Authors: Björnson J.
Published: August 2010

The effect of 51Cr‐labelling on ADP and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation has been studied. Aggregation decreased with storage, low pH, centrifugation, high citrate and ion concentration, but was uninfluenced by incubation with 51Cr. The effect of pH and citrate, proved to be partly reversible. The use of 51Cr‐labelling in the quantita‐tion of platelet deposition in experimental thrombi therefore seems justifiable.
Erythrophagocytosis by Pathological Erythroblasts in the Di Guglielmo Syndrome A Study of 18 Cases
Authors: Søndergaard‐Petersen Helena
Published: August 2010

In 9 of our 18 patients with Di Guglielmo's syndrome, bone‐marrow studies revealed erythroblasts which had phagocytized erythrocytes. It seems justified to conclude that the presence of erythroblasts showing erythrophagocytic activity provides strong evidence in support of the assumption that these cells are malignant.
Immunoglobulin‐Containing Intranuclear Inclusions in Plasma Cells in a Case of IgG Myeloma
Authors: Stavem Per , Hovig Torstein , Frøland Stig , Skrede Sverre
Published: August 2010

A patient with IgG myeloma is reported in whom about 30 % of the plasma cells contained one or more hyaline intranuclear inclusions which were characterized by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Our results suggest that the intranuclear inclusions consist of immunoglobulin material, with a central core not reacting as immunoglogulin, and often with a surrounding brim of condensed chromatin.
Congenital Erythroid Hypoplastic Anaemia: Autosomal Dominant Transmission
Authors: Lawton John W. M. , Aldrich John E. , Turner Thomas L.
Published: August 2010

In congenital erythroid hypoplasia (Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome) a genetic transmission has been described in only a few cases. We report a family where the evidence points to an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, the first report of this kind where the father has had documented anaemia in infancy. The literature is reviewed.
Binding of Fluorescein Labelled Concanavalin A to Human Bone Marrow Cells in Leukaemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Juhlin Roger , Sallstrom Jan F. , Stenkvist Björn
Published: August 2010

The binding of fluorescein conjugated concanavalin A (ConA) to human bone marrow cells from haematologically normal patients or patients with leukaemias or lymphomas with infiltrating lymphoid cells was investigated. A highly significant increase in the proportion of fluorescent nucleated cells was demonstrated for pathological as compared to cytologically normal bone marrow. The diagnostic value of this finding is discussed.
Enrichement of PHA‐Responsive Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia after Removal of Ig‐Bearing Cells
Authors: Blomgren Henric , Anderson Birger , Johansson Bo
Published: August 2010

Lymphoid cells from the peripheral blood of subjects with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were found to be poorly stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. Approximately 90 % of the cells had membrane bound Ig molecules. Enrichement of the non‐Ig bearing cells by passage through bead columns coated with human Ig and rabbit anti‐human antibody resulted in an increment of the relative PHA‐responsiveness of the cells. The results indicate that the low PHA‐respon‐siveness of lymphoid cells from CLL‐patients is due to the fact that the normal PHA‐responsive lymphocytes are massively contaminated with leukaemic, unresponsive cells which bear surface Ig.
Technical Aspects of the Rosette Technique for Detecting Human Circulating B and T Lymphocytes Normal Values and Some Remarks on Null Lymphocytes
Authors: Jønsson Vigco
Published: August 2010

The effect of variations in several single steps in the rosette technique for detecting human circulating B, T and O cells is investigated in order to describe the optimal production of B and T rosettes. Variations in pH, duration of incubation, temperature, EAC cell production, age of EAC cells and definition of a rosette are investigated. Using the optimal rosette technique, normal values for 15 healthy men and 15 healthy women (age range 18–65 years) are found to be: B lymphocytes 27.5 % or 477/μ1, T lymphocytes 60.6 % or 1049/μl, O lymphocytes 11.9 % or 206/μl. It is concluded that variations in the analytical procedure may greatly affect the outcome. The existence of O cells is briefly discussed.
A New Preparative Method for Microspectrophotometric DNA‐Measurement in Megakaryocytes, Revealing a Significant Group of Cells with a DNA Content of 64 N
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard , Hansen Mads , Olsson Lennart
Published: August 2010

Microspectrophotometric investigations of Feulgen‐stained rat bone marrow megakaryocytes, comparing the traditional smear method and a new 1 G sedimentation and 40° C evaporation (S.E.) method, have shown that the latter reveals a significant group of megakaryocytes (ca. 30 %) with a DNA content of 64 N. This group is totally absent when the smear method is used.
Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA from Lymphocytes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Adenylate‐Rich and Double‐Stranded Regions
Authors: Månsson P. E. , Holmquist L. , Deutsch A. , Nordén A.
Published: August 2010

Rapidly labelled high molecular weight nuclear RNA from lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was analysed for ribonuclease‐stable adenylate‐rich and double‐stranded regions. The polyadenylate content corresponds to 0.4‐0.5 % and the content of double‐stranded sequences to 2–4 % of the total nucleotides. Partial association of polyadenylate segments with double‐stranded regions was found by comparative analysis of (3H)‐adenosine and (3H)‐uridine labelled ribonuclease‐stable RNA before and after thermal denaturation. Comparison with normal lymphocytes shows lower proportions of polyadenylate‐containing RNA binding to poly(U)‐Sepharose in leukaemia cells than in normals. Partial degradation of rapidly labelled high molecular weight RNA was found in leukaemia cases with low white cell counts.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Stomach
Authors: Habeshaw J. A. , Hayward M. J. , McVie J. G.
Published: August 2010

A single case of gastric plasmacytoma showing unusual clinical and pathological features is described. The patient had gluten sensitive enteropathy, and showed increased circulating IgA levels prior to gastrectomy. Progression of the disease was associated with both K and L light chain proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, and vasopressin resistant polyuria. Pathological investigation revealed the coexistence of IgA secreting soft tissue plasmacytoma, with IgG secreting myeloma. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The Interaction of the Protein and Phospholipid Components of Tissue Thromboplastin (Factor III) with the Factors VII and X
Authors: Bjørklid Eirik , Storm Eva , ØSterud Bjarne , Prydz Hans
Published: August 2010

The protein and phospholipid components of tissue thromboplastin have been isolated and their interactions with factor VII* and factor Xa have been studied by gel filtration, centrifugation and heat inactivation. As expected, the phospholipid fraction bound both factors in the presence of Ca2+. No evidence for an interaction of apoprotein III with factor VII* or Xa was obtained.
Erythropoietin Formation in Rats with Experimental Hypersplenism
Authors: Brabec V. , Neuwirt J.
Published: August 2010

Splenomegaly accompanied by anaemia, increased reticulocyte and decreased thrombocyte counts, was induced in Wistar rats by a long‐term intraperitoneal administration of methylcellulose. Compared to controls, hypersplenic rats showed significantly enhanced utilization of 59Fe by red cells and increased titre of erythropoietin. After the exposure of rats to hypoxic hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 7,000 m for 6 h, no difference in the erythropoietin titre was found in either group. The results suggest that experimental hypersplenism alone does not affect the production of erythropoietin and does not stimulate the formation of an inhibitor of erythropoietin or erythropoiesis. The increased titre of erythropoietin and enhanced utilization of radioiron by red cells in rats with hypersplenism were found to be due to haemolytic anaemia leading to the stimulation of erythropoiesis.
Factor XIII in a Clinical Material
Authors: Hedner U. , Henriksson P. , Nilsson I. M.
Published: August 2010

In 339 patients with various diseases factor XIII (FSF) was determined with the specific amine incorporation method of Lorand et al (1969). Normal values were found in patients with renal (216 patients) or liver diseases (33 patients), in 39 patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis and in 17 children with congenital cyanotic heart disease. Low levels were found in patients with various conditions, such as sepsis, multiple fractures and combustio complicated by an abnormal proteolytic activity (fibrinolysis and/or activation of the coagulation system with signs of disseminated coagulation). No correlation was found between the FSF and the fibrinogen values or the levels of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Low FSF values were found in 4 patients with erosive gastritis, with gastrointestinal bleedings and a local fibrinolytic activity in the gastric juice. Although the FSF must be very low (<1%) if it is to cause bleedings, the low levels in these patients with many other coexisting disturbances in the coagulation system and/or an increased fibrinolytic activity most probably contribute to the increased bleeding tendency in such patients.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Erythroleukaemia in Two Children—Evidence of Nonmalignant Nature of Erythron
Authors: Inoue Susumu , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Zuelzer Wolf W.
Published: August 2010

Serial cytogenetic and cytological studies in 2 cases of erythroleukaemia in children indicated that erythropoiesis is not involved in the malignant process itself, but represents a response caused by unknown stimuli. A good correlation was observed between the percentage of aneuploid cells and blasts in mitosis, thus during the erythroid phase aneuploidy was minimal or absent, while during the myeloblastic phase a high percentage of members of the aneuploid clone was present. An inverse correlation between peripheral normoblast count and haemoglobin level indicated that erythropoiesis was under physiological control. Taken together these observations constitute evidence that, in the cases of erythroleukaemia studied, erythroid cells do not have inherent malignant properties. Cytogenetic analysis offers a tool for differentiating this type of erythroleukaemia from other forms of DiGuglielmo's syndrome.
Morphological Features in the Peripheral Blood Film Indicating the Presence of Cryoproteins
Authors: Stavem Stavem Per , Wiger Donna
Published: August 2010

Light gray, irregular threads in a May‐Grünwald & Giemsa stained blood film made of EDTA‐blood some time after drawing may sometimes call attention to a previously unsuspected cryoproteinaemia. The cryoproteinaemia discovered in this way in our patient consisted of IgG complexes resulting in proteinuria. After treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide the cryoproteinaemia and proteinuria disappeared.
Erythrophagocytosis in the Human Bone Marrow as Disclosed by Iliacal Bone Biopsies
Authors: Marton Per F.
Published: August 2010

Erythrophagocytosis in human bone marrow has been studied in selected series of iliacal bone biopsies embedded in methacrylate or epoxy resin. Using established light microscopic criteria for recognition of the early digestive erythrophagic vacuole, intense erythrophagic activity was encountered in a series of 5 patients with haemolytic disease. A series of 32 biopsies, selected to represent ‘normal’ bone marrow, demonstrated low or modest erythrophagic activity in all cases. The findings are in accordance with previous demonstration of erythrophagocytosis in human bone marrow at autopsy and point to the bone marrow as the main site for destruction of aged red cells in the healthy human organism.
Studies of Leukocyte Exudates in Cyanate‐Treated Animals
Authors: Scott Robert B. , Cooper Laverne W.
Published: August 2010

Cyanate (NCO), which impedes sickling by increasing the oxygen affinity of sickle haemoglobin, may react with many proteins in the body and potentially interfere with many functional systems. Leukocyte glycogen was studied because elevated liver glycogen has been noted after high dose NCO treatment in rats. Leukocyte function was also studied in peritoneal exudates.

In animals given NCO alone, blood leukocyte glycogen was 2.8 ± 0.3 (SE) mg per 109WBC while control values were 3.3 ± 0.6, a difference not statistically significant. In casein‐induced peritoneal exudates, more WBC were recovered from NCO‐treated animals (265 times 106WBC vs. 214 times 106WBC; P = 0.0009). Glycogen in blood leukocytes of casein‐stimulated animals was not significantly different from NCO‐treated animals.

Leukocyte glycogen in peritoneal exudates was markedly increased over blood leukocyte glycogen in both controls (19.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3 mg per 109/WBC; P < 0.0001) and NCO‐treated animals (17.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.5 mg per 109WBC; P < 0.001), although levels in exudates from control and NCO‐treated animals did not significantly differ from each other.

14C‐glucose incorporation into glycogen was significantly increased (P = 0.020) in exudate leukocytes of NCO‐treated animals. Initial phagocytic rates were equal in exudate leukocytes of control and NCO‐treated animals.

Although NCO treatment has demonstrable effects on some aspects of leukocyte glycogen metabolism, exudation of leukocytes and phagocytic function are not impaired.
The DNA Content of Megakaryocytes from the Bone Marrow and Vessels of the Lung in Rats
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard , Hansen Mads , Olsson Lennart
Published: August 2010

Comparative microspectropholometry of the DNA content of Feulgen‐stained megakaryocytes from the bone marrow and from those retained in the pulmonary circulation showed that the ploidy classes 8 N, 16 N and 32 N are found in both bone marrow and pulmonary circulation, whereas the 64 N class is found in the bone marrow only.

Electron microscopic examination of megakaryocytes retained in the lungs revealed typical ‘naked nuclei’.
A Case of Sideroblastic Anaemia Associated with Marked Elevation of Erythrocytic Arginase Activity
Authors: Nishibe Hina , Yamagata Kaoru , Gotoh Hideo
Published: August 2010

Abnormal erythrocytic arginase activity, about 30 times higher than normal controls, was found in a 63‐year‐old male with sideroblastic anaemia. We suggest that an abnormal concentration of arginase in the erythroblasts, in this case reduces the arginine concentration and results in decreased haemoglobin synthesis.
Lymphosarcoma, Cold Urticaria, IgG1 Monoclonal Cryoglobulin and Complement Abnormalities
Authors: Hauptmann G. , Lang J. M. , North M. L. , Oberling Fr. , Mayer G. , Lachmann P. J.
Published: August 2010

A patient with lymphosarcoma and cold urticaria showed evidence of complement activation by the classical pathway with low levels of the early complement components, normal levels of late acting components, normal functioning of the alternate pathway and reduction of the C1‐inhibitor level. The serum contained an IgG1 monoclonal cryoglobulin responsible for the complement activation. In vitro tests demonstrated a high capacity of the serum to activate C1.
Histamine Metabolism in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Westin Jan , Granerus Göran , Weinfeld Aleksander , Wetterquist Hakon
Published: August 2010

Histamine metabolism was studied in 35 patients with polycythaemia Vera (PV) at different stages of their disease and compared with controls and patients with secondary polycythaemia. In addition to blood and urinary histamine the main urinary metabolites of histamine, methylhistamine (MeHi) and 1‐methyl‐4‐imidazole‐acetic acid (MeImAA) were measured. In patients with active PV the excretion of MeHi and MeImAA was significantly higher than in controls and secondary polycythaemia, indicating an increased histamine formation. The MeImAA excretion was correlated to the blood histamine level, the degree of blood basophilia, the total white blood count and the spleen volume.

The blood histamine level was significantly higher in PV patients compared with controls and secondary polycythaemia. No patients with secondary polycythaemia had an increased blood histamine level. With the bio‐assay technique used in this study the urinary excretion of histamine in the PV patients was within the normal range. There was no correlation between the increased hstamine formation and ‘histamine‐related symptoms’. Pruritus and duodenal ulcer occurred with a similar frequency in patients with and without increased MeImAA excretion. The similarity between the disturbance of the histamine metabolism in PV and that found by other authors in chronic myeloid leukaemia is pointed out.
The in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Tilorone Hydrochloride as a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor
Authors: Mackenzie R. D. , Schatzman G. L.
Published: August 2010

Tilorone hydrochloride was tested in vitro for inhibition of platelet aggregation in the ADP, collagen, and epinephrine‐induced platelet aggregation systems. Tilorone did not significantly inhibit the first phase of platelet aggregation induced by ADP, but was a very potent inhibitor of the second phase of platelet aggregation (release reaction) as illustrated by the epinephrine‐induced system. When the compound was given to rats by stomach tube at 100 mg/kg for 2 doses, 24 h apart and blood taken 24 h after the second dose, an inhibition of collagen‐induced platelet aggregation was found. This result is interpreted as inhibiting the release reaction and second phase platelet aggregation.
The Ultrastructure of Spontaneous Radial Segmentation of the Nuclei in Bone Marrow Cells from 3 Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Stenstam M. , von Mecklenburg C. , Norberg B.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow cells with spontaneous radial segmentation of the nuclei from three patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were analysed by means of electron microscopy.

The centriole was found in the centre of the cluster of nuclear segments. Cytoplasmic microtubules were found in the intersegmental clefts and in the pericentriolar area.

The present observations support the hypothesis that spontaneous radial segmentation of the nuclei in tumour cells is due to a microtubule‐associated contractile process, by which the nucleus is folded into segments.
Griseofulvin Inhibition of Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte Chemotaxis in Boyden Chambers
Authors: Bandmann Ulf , Norberg Bo , Simmingsköld Göran
Published: August 2010

Griseofulvin inhibited the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in vitro in the concentration range 0.1‐1.0 μg/ml, i.e. at concentrations comparable to those obtained in serum during peroral treatment with griseofulvin. It is suggested that PMN chemotaxis is inhibited by griseofulvin interference with the redistribution of cytoplasmic microtubules, which is thought to be essential in the direction‐finding of PMNs during chemotaxis. Furthermore, it is suggested that the griseofulvin inhibition of PMN chemotaxis ‐ together with the previously known pharmacodynamic properties of griseofulvin ‐ may provide the rationale for griseofulvin therapy in PMN‐mediated tissue injury of the gut.
Influence of Prednisone and Cytostatics on Human Blood B‐, T‐ and O‐Lymphocytes in Diseases
Authors: Jønsson Viggo
Published: August 2010

B‐, T‐ and O‐lymphocytes detected as EAC‐, E‐ and non‐rosette forming lymphocytes were investigated in venous blood in 49 patients with connective tissue diseases, psoriasis and chronic lymphogenous leukaemia (CLL) during treatment with either prednisone alone, prednisone and cytostatic agents or cytostatic agents alone. Prednisone alone did not change the B‐, T‐ and O‐lymphocyte counts. Cytostatics alone or in combination with prednisone reduced the B‐ and T‐lymphocyte counts concomitant with a significant increase in the O‐lymphocyte count. The findings could be explained by assuming that cytostatics disturb the immunological functions of the lymphocytes and finally deprive the cells of their B‐ and T‐markers. The optimal immunosuppressive treatment with cytostatic agents may be associated with a certain reduction of B‐ and T‐lymphocytes which may be used as a guideline for dosage.
Hypercalcaemia in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia
Authors: Norrby Klas , Vikrot Olle
Published: August 2010

Hypercalcaemia developed in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia. The hypercalcaemia did not respond to conventional treatment. At bone biopsy osteoclastic resorption was found (a photomicrograph is presented). 7 cases from the literature of hypercalcaemia and chronic lymphatic leukaemia are briefly reviewed. Possible mechanisms are discussed and it is suggested that osteoclast‐stimulating factors may be of importance in the development of the hypercalcaemia.
The Amount of Fibrin Necessary to Give a Positive Ethanol Gelation Test at Various Fibrinogen Levels
Authors: Slaastad R. A. , Godal H. C. , Kierulf P.
Published: August 2010

The minimum fibrin‐fibrinogen ratio (f‐F ratio) required to give a positive ethanol gelation test at various fibrinogen concentrations was studied. Due to the fact that quantitation of soluble fibrin in plasma is difficult, highly purified fibrinogen was used. However, since a plasma milieu is required to achieve clear cut results with ethanol gelation (with purified fibrinogen alone, precipitation occurs), heat‐defibrinated, dialysed and lyophilized normal plasma was added. With this artificial plasma, which in all relevant respects proved very similar to plasma obtained from healthy donors, ethanol gelation was not observed at the highest attainable fibrinogen concentration (1150 mg/100 ml). At fibrinogen levels down to 5–600 mg%, the minimum f‐F ratio remained almost constant, but increased gradually by further lowering the fibrinogen concentration. At fibrinogen levels around 50 mg%, the ethanol gelation test remained negative, even in samples saturated with soluble fibrin, i.e. those containing visible fibrin threads.
Cytogenetic Differences between Bone Marrow and Spleen in a Case of Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia Developing Blast Crisis
Authors: Brandt L. , Mitelman F. , Panani A.
Published: August 2010

Chromosome studies of cells from bone marrow and spleen were performed in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (MM) developing blast crisis after a chronic phase lasting for 6.5 years. The proportions of blast cells were roughly the same in bone marrow and spleen. In the bone marrow 43% of the metaphases were abnormal with a marker chromosome whereas all spleen metaphases were normal. The results indicate that chromosomal changes associated with blast transformation in MM may occur in the bone marrow prior to such changes in the spleen and support the concept that bone marrow and spleen may constitute relatively separate pools of haemopoietic tissue in chronic myeloproliferative diseases.