bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Management Viewpoint on Customer Satisfaction and Retention in Cafes
Authors: Nimkar Miss Samiksha Sanjay
Published: June 2024

Abstract – The project titled “CAFÉ MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is design with Visual Studio. Café owner has to maintain records of daily billing, which will be used to manage sale report. There will be many items available in the café, many customers will be coming at different time for having food, they will be selecting items .This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to explore the selection of café styles, in order to provide references for café operators to achieve successful and sustainable operations. Based on literature review, expert interviews, and AHP, this study intends to provide useful results to the operators of cafés. layed menu and their bills will be generated. This system will save time and will be easy to use when compared to manual work that was done in paper. Index Term– ChatGPT , AI Tools, Php.
School Real time Chat Application System
Authors: Bobade Mr. Aditya
Published: June 2024

Abstract— The emergence of new technologies has brought about significant changes in the way people communicate with each other. One of the most popular ways of communication in today’s digital age is through messaging applications. To facilitate this need, several chat applications have been developed. In this thesis, we introduce a chat application built using the MEAN stack, which is a popular technology stack used for building web applications. This application provides users with the ability to create accounts, join chat rooms, and send messages to other users in real-time. With the use of web sockets and Angular’s two-way binding, the application allows users to see messages as soon as they are sent. Moreover, the application also includes features such as user authentication and authorization to ensure secure access to the chat rooms. Through this project, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of building real-time chat applications using the Mern stack. IndexTerms – Educational Management System, Modern Web Technologies, Real Time Chat , Technical Architecture, MERN Stack..
OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPER SUPPORT TOOL
Authors: Deosthale Mr Atharva
Published: June 2024

Abstract : This research paper explores the development and implementation of an open-source developer support tool aimed at providing financial and motivational support to open-source developers. By creating a platform where users can post questions with optional bounties, this project seeks to address the longstanding issue of uncompensated efforts within the open-source community, which has been a significant barrier to the sustainability and growth of many open-source projects. The platform leverages cutting-edge technologies such as Next.js, PostgreSQL, and Stripe to create a seamless and secure environment for both users and developers. Next.js is utilized for building the front-end and back-end of the application, providing server-side rendering and static site generation for improved performance and user experience. PostgreSQL serves as the robust and scalable database management system, ensuring data integrity and efficient query handling. Stripe is integrated for secure authentication and payment processing, enabling financial transactions between users and developers. The motivation behind this project stems from the recognition that open-source software is a critical component of modern technology infrastructure, yet the contributors often lack adequate financial and motivational support. This research delves deeply into the problem definition, outlining the specific challenges faced by open-source developers, including financial instability, lack of recognition, and limited feedback. The objectives of the project are clearly defined, aiming to create a sustainable support system that fosters community engagement and rewards contributors for their valuable work. This paper also details the software and hardware specifications required for the development and deployment of the platform, ensuring that the solution is both practical and scalable. Project planning is a crucial element of this research, with a comprehensive roadmap that includes requirement analysis, design, development, testing, and deployment phases. Each phase is meticulously planned to address potential challenges and ensure the successful implementation of the support tool. Finally, the future scope of the project is discussed, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement and adaptation to meet the evolving needs of the open-source community. This includes potential enhancements such as advanced spam detection, enhanced user feedback mechanisms, and the integration of additional features to further support and motivate open-source contributors. By addressing these critical aspects, this research underscores the significance of supporting open-source contributors and highlights the potential of the proposed platform to make a meaningful impact on the sustainability and growth of open-source projects. IndexTerms – Open Source, Developer Support, Bounty System, Next.js, PostgreSQL, Stripe, Community Engagement.
Advance Image Forgery Detection
Authors: Tinkhede Nikita Nitin
Published: June 2024

Abstract :- In the digital era, the proliferation of sophisticated image editing tools has made image forgery a prevalent issue, posing significant challenges in various fields, including legal proceedings, journalism, and digital security. Advanced image forgery detection techniques are crucial to ensuring the authenticity and integrity of digital images. This paper explores the state-of-the-art methods and technologies employed in the detection of image forgeries. We focus on both traditional and deep learning-based approaches, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. Traditional methods, such as pixel-based, format-based, and geometry-based techniques, rely on the intrinsic properties of images to identify inconsistencies and manipulations. These methods are effective in detecting simple forgeries but often fall short against more sophisticated alterations. On the other hand, deep learning-based approaches, leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs), have shown significant promise in identifying subtle and complex forgeries by learning high-level features from large datasets. In conclusion, while significant advancements have been made in image forgery detection, continuous research and development are necessary to stay ahead of emerging forgery techniques. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches and the collaboration between academia and industry will be pivotal in advancing the efficacy of forgery detection systems. Keywords : Image Forgery Detection, Deep Learning, Digital Image Authentication, Pixel-based Methods, Image Manipulation. Image Manipulation.
Prediction of Selling Price of Various Cars
Authors: Sathe Mr. Vibhav , Dangra Prof. Prerna
Published: June 2024

Abstract: – The manufacturer sets the price of a new car in the industry, with the government incurring some additional expenditures in the form of taxes. Customers purchasing a new car may thus be sure that their investment will be worthwhile. However, due to rising new car prices and buyers’ financial inability to purchase them, used car sales are increasing globally. As a result, a used car price prediction system that efficiently assesses the worthiness of the car utilizing a range of factors is required. The current system comprises a system in which a dealer decides on a price at random and the buyer has no knowledge of the car or its current worth. In reality, the seller has no clue what the car is worth or what price he should charge for it. To address this issue, we have devised a highly effective model. Regression algorithms are employed because they produce a continuous value rather than a classified value as an output. As a result, rather than predicting a car’s price range, it will be feasible to estimate its real price. A user interface has also been created that takes input from any user and shows the price of a car based on the inputs. IndexTerms – Used Car Price Prediction, Regression Algorithms, Machine Learning, Linear Regression, Ridge and Lasso Regression, Bayesian Ridge Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, XG Boost, Gradient Boosting.
BINARY BRAINS
Authors: KATEKHAYE MISS MONIKA S.
Published: June 2024

Abstract— In this paper, we introduce a new software product for handling activities takes place inside coaching institutes. Now a days there is a tremendous increase in the activities takes place inside the coaching institutes. The “Coaching Institute Management System” is a software product to automate and log on to various day-to-day activities and to provide instantaneous information required in effective management of any coaching institute. The automation part of the software would involve data capture and maintenance of details on the institute, staff, students and tasks in the overall management of the institute. In the existing system we can stored all the record manually that required large man power and place to store the records. Due to manual maintains lots of faults are occurred so needed to replace existing system by automated software system. Automated system is time saving and gives better performance than manual based system. Keywords – Online access, centralized control, easy maintenance, automated system.
Scaled forward-backward algorithm and the modified superiorized version for solving the split monotone variational inclusion problem
Authors: ZHENG MINGXIA , GUO YANNI
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose an inexact scaled forward-backward algorithm to solve the split monotone variational inclusion problem in a real Hilbert space and prove the strong convergence of it under appropriate conditions. Based on this, we discuss the bounded perturbation resilience of the exact algorithm for introducing the corresponding superiorized version and the superiorization algorithm with restarted perturbations. The numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed algorithms perform well and the superiorization version with restarted perturbations has advantage in decreasing the number of the iterations.
OSTEOPOROSIS, OSTEOPENIA IN MEN OF MARDAN REGION K.P.K PAKISTAN
Authors: Wajid Akbar  , Sardar Ahmad  , Jamil Anwar  , Humaira Imtiaz  , Fazli Rahim  , Iftihar Ahmad  , Farkhanda Shaheen
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Finding out how common Osteo-penia and Osteo-porosis are among men in the Mardan region ofK.P.K. Pakistan is the goal.Methods: A total of 1726 male participants between the ages of 40 and 70 were randomly selected for this study.sufferers under the age of 40 and above the age of 70, long-term steroid users, sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis, andbedridden patients all met the exclusion criteria.Results: With a total of 1726 people, 61 (3.5%) had Osteo-porosis, and 858 (49.7%) had Osteo-penia, with amean age of 52.70(7.71) years and a range of 40-70 years. Men (n=874) between the ages of 50 and 59 showed asignificant frequency of Osteo-penia (446; 52%) and Osteo-porosis (30; 49.2%). men (n=[528]) in the 40-49 agegroup had 250 (16.4%) osteoporotic and 250 (29.1%) osteopenic individuals, whereas men (n=[324]) in the 60-70age group had 21 (34.4%) Osteo-porosis and 162 (18.9%) Osteo-penia individuals.Conclusions: Osteo-porosis was discovered to be a widespread occurrence, affecting men between the ages of 50 and 59.Keywords: Bone mineral density, prevalence, and Osteo-porosis
RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM LEPTIN WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Salma Raheem  , Muhammad Siyar  , Muhammad Khalid  , Muhammad Israr  , Zarmina Farhan  , Muzahir Jan  , Farhan Akram
Published: June 2024

Background: Leptin a protein produced in adipose tissue is related to obesity/adiposity and coronary artery disease(C A D )Objectives: To compare serum leptin in C A D patients with controlPatient: We studied two hundred adult Individuals consisting of equal number of patients and normal controlResults: The serum leptin level is 17.57+4.39 S D in C A D patients as compared to normal control 6.82+3.05S D . It is high in 109 in obese as compared to normal BMI 24 ( P=<.05) irrespective of cardiac status .It is high(11.75+5.64 ) in female patients as compared to (11.07+4.77 S D ) male patients.Conclusion: The serum leptin level in C A D patients is significantly raised as compared to normal control. It issignificantly high in obese patients. It is significantly high in female patients as compared to male patients .Higherstudies are needed to study it’s athrogenic potential.Anti obesity measures are needed to prevent CAD
A PILOT STUDY TO CORRELATE THE EFFECT OF RISK FACTORS ON SPONTANEOUS INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Shafiullah  , Tariq Zubair  , Shams-ur-Rehman  , Shahana Nisar  , Saba Shams  , Sara Shams  , Hina Shams
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To determine the degree of association and effect of various risk factors on Spontaneous intracranialhemorrhage.Background: Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage is the Spontaneous Pathological accumulation of blood in thecranium. A distinction is made between intra-axial hemorrhage (blood inside the brain) and extra-axial hemorrhage(blood inside the skull but outside the brain). When this event manifests in sudden onset of focal neurological deficitthat lasts for more than 24 hours it is known as Hemorrhagic stroke. Intracranial hemorrhage accounts for 8-13%of all strokes and results from a wide spectrum of disorders. Intracranial hemorrhage is more likely to result in deathor major disability than ischemic stroke. This study compared the clinical presentation of patients presenting withintracranial hemorrhage and determined the reliability of each feature associated with this event.Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients of Spontaneous Intra-cranialHemorrhage at Mardan Medical Complex Teaching Hospital [MMCTH], Mardan from Jan 2012 to Oct 2012.An in-depth history and examination was conducted in order to look for features that can be consistently linked withthis clinical event. Results: We found that vigilant history and clinical examination reveals strong affiliation betweena few features and this clinical event. Conclusions: After taking a comprehensive history and methodical clinical examination a strong affiliation of Old age, Headache, vomiting, Hemiplegia, Hypertension and smoking was foundwith Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.Key Words: Spontaneous intra-cranial hemorrhage, Stroke, Hypertension.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TESTICULAR BIOPSY IN MALE INFERTILITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Mohammad Manzoor  , Mohtasimbillah  , Shagufta Nasir Parvez  , Sardar Ahmad  , Nuzat Khattak
Published: June 2024

Objective: Histopathological alterations found in the testicular biopsies of male infertiles.Materials & Methods: This inscriptional study was carried out between July 2012 and June 2014 in the urologyand pathology departments of North West General Hospital and Research Center Peshawar and Rehman MedicalInstitute Peshawar.There were a total of 71 infertile patients enrolled in this study. The couples underwent a thoroughclinical history, physical examination, semen analysis, and hormone analysis before having testicular biopsy. In the lab,biopsies were fixed, processed, stained, and mounted. There were seven histopathological patterns classified. Testicularbiopsies were evaluated using the Johnson Score (1–10).Results: This study showed (36.62%) Sertoli cell only syndrome, (62%) maturation arrest, and (19.72%) normalspermatogenesis. Nonobstructive azoospermia cases: 73.24% Obstructive azoospermia cases: 26.76%.Conclusion: The most common pattern in our research is germ cell aplasia or Sertoli cell syndrome, which accountsfor 36.62% of all cases.Key Words: FSH, LH, azoospermia, spermatogenesis & infertility
PROLONGED QTC INTERVAL AND TORSADES DE POINTES INDUCED BY MOXIFLOXACIN
Authors: Mohammad Iftikhar Adil  , Mir AttaUllah  , Meena Gul  , Sartaj Khan
Published: June 2024

(TdP) is a particular kind of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that may be fatal if it persists and occurs in conjunction with [QT interval] prolongation. A broad variety of medications that are often used in clinical practice maylengthen the [QT interval], which can cause TdP and put the patient’s life in jeopardy. [Moxifloxacin] is one of thesemedications that is known for prolonging the [QT interval] and causing TdP, along with other fluoroquinolones. As aresult, we are presenting the case of a 60-year-old female who was treated with [Moxifloxacin] for acute gastroenteritisand a chest infection and later developed [QTc] prolongation and TdP.Keywords: [Corrected][QT interval], [QTc] [Moxifloxacin], [Torsades de pointes] (TdP)
FREQUENCY OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN ISFANDYAR BUKHARI DISTRICT HOSPITAL ATTOCK
Authors: Ayesha Batool  , Mohammad Iftikhar Adil  , Jaz Khan
Published: June 2024

Objective: to ascertain the incidence of hospital-acquired infections at the IBD Hospital, Attock’s surgical departments.Study Design: a prospective cross-sectional study.Place and study duration: IBD Hospital, Attock, from March 2016 to March 2017.Methodology: The research comprised 10,238 patients, both sexes, aged 5 to 60, who had wound infections withina month after different surgical operations. Pus was collected and moved, and conventional methods were used for themicrobiological tests. Participants in the trial were not allowed to have any co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes, liverdisease, TB, or any known pre-operative infection, or to have had surgery for cancer. We looked for several kinds ofinfections in the patient’s culture results.Result: Twelve male and ten female patients, or 22 out of 10238, satisfied the criteria for nosocomial infection.The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus (35.5%), which was followed by E. coli (24%),pseudomonads (14.8%), and Klebsiella (6.5%).Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent pathogen that causes nosocomial infections (at the surgicalsite), followed by Pseudomonas and E. coli.Keyword: Nosocomial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella
BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AND THEIR PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS SENSITIVITY
Authors: Kalim Ullah  , Imtiaz Ahmad  , ` Fazal Jalil , Mohtasimbillah
Published: June 2024

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a widespread complication after surgery, leading to significant morbidityand mortality in patients. Improper use of antibiotics leads to an increasing frequency of SSI and the emergence ofresistant bacterial strains.Objective: To determine most common pathogens involved in SSI and to investigate their antibiotic susceptibility/sensitivity profile.Study design : A Qualitative StudyDuration and place of study : Mardan Medical Complex (MMC) in Mardan, Pakistan, from December2013 to October 2014Material and Methods: Pus specimens were obtained from the patients having SSI at Mardan Medical Complex(MMC) in Mardan, Pakistan, from December 2013 to October 2014 and were processed for microbial analysis atthe Department of Pathology at Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) in Mardan. The specimens were inoculatedon both MacConkey and 5% blood agar, and bacterial colonies were identified by gram stain, physical appearance,and biochemical tests. Furthermore, the antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer discdiffusion method.Results: Pathogenic organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (36.44%), followed by Escherichia coli (25.23%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.88%), Klebsiella spp. (6.5%), Enterococcus spp. (6.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (3.7%),Proteus spp. (2.8%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (2.8%), and other miscellaneous gram-negative rods (0.93%).About 65.7% of S. aureus were methiciline-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while 83.3% of Klebsiella spp. and53.8% of E. coli were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL). S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. were bothhighly susceptible to amikacin, vancomycin, linezolid, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol. S. aureus was highly resistantto Erythromycin (65%), Penicillin (96%), Ciprofloxacin (51%), and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (65%). Allthe GNR, including P. aeruginosa, were highly susceptible to Imipenem, Amikacin, Tazobactam/Pipracillin, andCefoperazone+Sulbactam. E. coli, Klebsiella spp., and other GNR were highly resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin. P. aeruginosa was also highly susceptible to Meropenemand Cefepime but showed moderate resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, and Polymyxin.Conclusion: As compared to Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Tazobactam/Pipracillin, Cefoperazone+Sulbactam, and Doxycycline showed high efficiency, and cross-resistance was found in MRSA,Ciprofloxacin, and other non-beta lactam antibiotics.
DIFFICULT & CHALLENGING FOREIGN BODIES IN ENT PRACTICE
Authors: Abdur Rahman Anwar  , Meena Gul  , Muhammad Iftikhar Adil  , Shams-ur-Rehman  , Hamad ur Rahman  , Rida Rahman
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To highlight the incidence of unusual and difficult foreign bodies in ENT.Material & Methods: Eleven cases of different natures of foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat were collectedin the ENT Department DHQ Teaching Hospital and Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi in 2015 & 2016.In children, foreign bodies, ears, nose, and throat are common incidents, but in adults, it was found to be accidental orthe individual had some behavioral abnormalities.Results: Eleven cases of foreign bodies in different nations and throats were collected.A 1 ½-year-old child presented in dire emergency with a China door lock stuck in the oral cavity and Oropharynx.Two adults with recurrent foreign bodies in the nose and ear had behavioral problems. Two adult cases had retainedsplints in the nose. While a child had retained a button battery in the nose, presenting with complications. Anotherboy had accidentally retained a foreign body in the sub-mental region with discharge sines. Two cases of leech in thenose were initially undiagnosed. A foreign body on the hard palate in an adult lady was misdiagnosed, while anotheradult male presented with a regurgitated foreign body in the nasopharynx.Conclusion: In the case of a foreign body in the nose, ear, or throat, proper history and thorough clinical examinationare mandatory.Keyword: Difficult and challenging foreign bodies in ENT
A CASE REPORT ON THE BEE STING OF THE CORNEA
Authors: Maryam Zia  , Zia Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Background: Although bee stings are frequent in our surroundings, conjunctival and corneal stings are quiteuncommon. Bee venom may cause various symptoms, from acute blindness to mild conjunctivitis. Here, we describe theexample of a little girl with a bee sting on her cornea that caused a serious loss of eyesight.Corneal bee sting injuries may be toxic, immunologic, or penetrating, or they might mix all three. Rather than beingcaused by a tissue sting, the lesion results from the chemical compounds’ localized effect.Medicines may be used to treat bee stings; however, surgery may also be necessary if the situation worsens or there isno improvement.Our patient underwent several treatment alternatives and is now awaiting a corneal transplant.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON CLOSED LATERAL INTERNAL SPHINCTEROTOMY IN CHRONIC ANAL FISSURES
Authors: Mukhtar Ali  , Hemasa Gul  , Muhammad Hussain  , Muhammad Ibrahim Shuja  , Ajmal Khan  , Salman Mukhtar
Published: June 2024

Background: An anal fissure is a longitudinal rupture in the mucosa of the lower anal canal that results in slightbleeding when hard stool is passed and uncomfortable defecation. It is linked to the traditional trio of hypertrophypapilla, sentinel tag, and anal ulcer. Anal dilatation has been the conventional treatment for this prevalent issue—thepresent research aimed to determine the rate of complications, healing, and pain alleviation.Objective: to investigate the course of healing, pain management, and related consequences after a closed internalsphincterotomy for a persistent anal fissure.Material & Methods: From July 2015 to June 2017, this research was carried out at the Mardan MedicalComplex Mardan at the Department of Surgery. The research included patients of either sex who had a persistentanal fissure. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes or on anticoagulant treatment, as well as those with a history ofsphincterotomy, anal dilatation, and suspicion of malignant fissure, atypical fissure, or ulcer with accompanying abscess, were not allowed to participate in the research. Every patient had a closed internal sphincterotomy, followed byfollow-up visits every two, six, and twelve weeks. Pre-made proforma were used to capture the data, and SPSS version16 was used for analysis. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables, and for quantitativedata, mean and standard deviation.Results: 68 of the 71 patients who were admitted got full follow-up. A ratio of 1.6 to 1. 51 patients, or 75%of the total, reported discomfort during defecation; 37 patients, or 54%, reported bleeding, and 4 patients, or 6%,reported pruritis. A week after the operation, discomfort persisted in 2 patients (2.9%), whereas 66 patients (97%)had total pain relief in 24 hours. In two of the four patients, bleeding and hematoma wound infection were seen. Twoindividuals had transient flatus incontinence, but no faecal incontinence was seen. Within six weeks, the fissure hadcompletely healed in all 68 patients.Conclusion: When a chronic anal fissure is treated with closed lateral internal sphincterotomy, there is little chanceof complications and rapid symptom relief.Key Words: Fissure in ano, anal fissure, closed internal sphincterotomy, chronic anal fissure.
ASSESSMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN OF DISTRICT MARDAN BY DETERMINING SERUM FERRITIN
Authors: Zarmina Ahmad  , Farhan Akram  , Muhammad Siyar  , Muhammad Israr
Published: June 2024

Objective: The study sought to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women and the levelsof haemoglobin and serum ferritin.Materials & Methods: Three hundred blood samples were drawn randomly from expectant mothers. There isa six-month study period. Patients seeking prenatal care in the Gynae obs OPD at the Mardan Medical CollegeTeaching Hospital provided blood samples taken in EDTA tubes. Questionnaires were completed at the time of theblood collection. The Mindrey model BC 3000plus automated haematological analyzer was used to measure haemoglobin levels.To determine whether an iron deficit was the source of the anaemia, those with haemoglobin levels lessthan 11g/dl had their blood ferritin levels further evaluated. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data after MicrosoftExcel had tabulated it.Results: According to the research, anaemia affected 76.6% of the expectant mothers. 42.6% of the frail subjectshad very low serum ferritin levels. Serum ferritin, which measures iron reserves, was found in the 12–30 ng/ml rangein another 43% of the population.Conclusions: The recent research found that even with regular prescriptions for iron supplements, anaemia is commonamong District Mardan’s pregnant women.Key Words: Pregnancy, anaemia, prevalence, iron deficiency, haemoglobin, serum ferritin.
PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA IN AFRIDI CHILDREN OF KHYBER AGENCY
Authors: Mohammad Amjid  , Nazish Farooq  , Usman Ali  , Iftikhar Ahmad  , Jamil Anwar
Published: June 2024

Objective: To improve children’s nutritional health and the frequency of anaemia based on haemoglobin levels inthe tribal territory under federal administration, the Khyber agencyMaterials & Methods: This research examined the prevalence of anaemia in children between 6 and 60 months.One hundred nine boys and 68 girls were enrolled in the research, conducted after four villages in the Khyber Agencywere randomly chosen for the survey. To estimate Hb, 3 cc of venous blood was drawn and placed in EDTA tubes.Results: Children with anaemia had a frequency of 21.5% overall, with 0% severe anaemia. Of these, 22% ofmale children and 20.6% of female children had anaemia. The boys’ mean haemoglobin levels were 12.13 g/dL,and the girls’ mean haemoglobin levels were 11.9 g/dL, with corresponding SDs of 1.23 and 1.24, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in Afridi children of FATA is lower in girls as compared to boys.Key Words: anaemia, haemoglobin, the prevalence.
PREVALENCE OF THE USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS AMONG HOUSEWIVES ATTENDING PSYCHIATRY OPD AT MMC MARDAN
Authors: Shahana Nasir  , Uzma Nisar  , Ijaz Gul  , Hamza Khan
Published: June 2024

Objectives: the main aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the use of antidepressants amonghomemakers attending psychiatry OPD in MMC Mardan.Study design : A cross-sectional studyDuration and place of study : Mardan Medical Complex’s OPD for psychiatry from jan 2013 to jan 2014Methodology: The cross-sectional investigation was carried out at the Mardan Medical Complex’s OPD forpsychiatry. Two months were dedicated to the research. The subjects were asked for their written agreement beforethe researchers completed the surveys. SPSS version 16 was used to input and analyse the questionnaire data beforeit was shown as tabular, bar, and pie chart data. A thorough debate was conducted, and conclusions were reachedbased on this data.Results: our result showed out of 100 women, 55% of women were regularly taking antidepressants, 30% weretaking them sometimes, and 15% were not taking antidepressants. The prevalence of drug use was 85% in thewomen attending the psychiatry OPD of Mardan Medical Complex.63.6% of the total were living in a separatefamily, while 36.3% of the total were living in a combined family. Out of 55 women, 9.09% used antidepressantsbefore marriage, while 90.9% of women did not use antidepressants before marriage. 54.5% of the women hadinsomnia, while 27.2% of the total sometimes suffered from insomnia. 18.18% of the women did not have insomnia. 65.4% of the women belonged to poor socio. In comparison, ic status, 25.4%, belonged to satisfactory socio.In comparison, status, and 9.09% belonged to good socioeconomic status. 18.8% of the women lost interest in theirsurroundings and thought that they were not wanted any more by the world, while 45.5% sometimes thought thisand 27.2% of the women were free of such thoughts.Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that depression, as in other parts of the world, is also prevalentamong the homemakers attending psychiatry OPD in MMC Mardan, Pakistan.Keywords: Depression, antidepressants, prevalence
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY CATARACT PATIENTS
Authors: Nimra Zafar  , Umema Zafar  , Hafsa Niaz  , Mohammad Iqbal  , Ahmad Azam Malik
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aims to find out the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and heart disease in patients withsenile Cataracts and to stratify these findings gender-wise.Study Design: A Retrospective cross-sectional studyDuration and place of study: Department of Ophthalmology Unit B, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.Records of those patients who were admitted to the ward between January and June 2016Materials and Methods: This research, conducted in the ophthalmology department of Khyber Teaching Hospital,was retrospective and cross-sectional. The research comprised the medical records of individuals with senile cataractsCataract who were hospitalized for surgery and who were older than 40. Included were both known and recently discoveredinstances of diabetes. Patients who had lost their eyesight due to conditions other than cataracts were excluded. SPSSwas used to examine the data.Results: Of the 190 patients in total, 23.16% had diabetes, 37.37% had high blood pressure, and 9.47% hadheart disease. Most individuals (24.21%) had cataracts for at least five years, followed by those (21.57%) who hadonly had cataracts for a year.Conclusion: In people who have cataract surgery, hypertension and cataracts are often prevalent conditions. To stopthe spread of these illnesses, preventative measures must be used.Key Words: Senile Cataract, Hypertension, Diabetes, Prevalence.
THE EFFICIENCY OF FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS AND HOW FAMILIES FEEL ABOUT BIRTH CONTROL
Authors: Junaid Ahsan  , Umema Zafar  , Romana Ayub  , Aruba Zafar  , Ahmad Azam Malik
Published: June 2024

Objective: to learn about the opinions of women visiting family planning outpatient departments (OPDs) on theconduct of the staff and the use of contraception.Study design: A cross-sectional studyDuration and place of study: six months Department, Gajju Khan Medical College, Swabi, Pakistan fromJan 2014 to July 2014Materials and Methods: Over six months, this cross-sectional research was carried out in two prominent Peshawar hospitals’ family planning outpatient departments. Women visiting the OPD were given a questionnaire, andinformation was gathered via interviews. Individuals who declined were not included. Microsoft Excel was used toinput and evaluate the data.Results: According to our findings, 95% of the women had received the appropriate information, and 89.28% ofthe participants were happy with the family planning services personnel. Ninety-seven percent of the subjects receivedfree services. In 96.4% of the cases, the husband was accommodating when it came to the wife’s usage of contraception.In 84% of cases, the woman’s family and in-laws did not impose any restrictions on her use of contraception.Conclusion: Comparing Peshawar’s family planning service user satisfaction to earlier research indicates an improvement. Furthermore, both the husband’s and the in-laws’ attitudes are improving. We can keep this trend goingby fostering education and understanding about family planning and its importance to the modern world.Key Words: Family planning, contraception, effectiveness.
MCQ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS EXAMINATION WITHOUT ERRORS IN PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Imtiazuddin  , Muhammad Siyar  , Brekhna Jamil
Published: June 2024

Background: MCQs have been implemented by several medical institutes during the last few years. Maintaining thehigh quality of these MCQs is crucial. This study aims to assess the MCQ quality by identifying errors in the itemwriting of Bacha Khan Medical College’s pharmacy examinations.Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive StudyDuration and place of study: department of Pharmacology at Bacha Khan Medical College from Jan 2005to July 2005Methods: This analytical research assessed the item writing flaws (IWF) of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) interms of (a) issues about irrelevant difficulty and (b) issues about test wisdom, which were used in the Bacha KhanMedical College’s final pharmacology examinations. Every multiple-choice question was given a unique rating basedon its irrelevant difficulty and test knowledge. Grade 1 was assigned for no IWF, Grade 2 for one IWF, and Grade3 for several.Results: One hundred MCQs in all were examined. Most of the things were found to be correct in item writing.Of the MCQs of irrelevant difficulty, 75% had no IWF—ninety percent of the multiple-choice questions needed tohave test-wise problems.Conclusion: Even though the majority of the multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were free of IWF, a significant portionhad errors. It is advised that each topic has a systematic faculty development process to raise the quality of MCQs.Key Words: Item Writing Flaws, MCQs Quality, Evaluation.
DIFFERENT CUSPAL PATTERN IN MANDIBULAR SECOND PREMOLAR AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER DENTAL ANOMALIES
Authors: Mohammad Naeem  , Mohammad Iftikhar Adil  , Pashmina Nisar  , Raham Zaman
Published: June 2024

Objective: to ascertain the unique cuspal pattern in the mandibular second premolar and how it relates to furtherdental abnormalities.Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration Of Study: This study was conducted in the Orthodontic Department of Sardar BegumDental College Peshawar from June 2014 to July 2015.Methodology: 370 individuals, 165 men. Non-probability selection procedures were used to choose 205 femaleparticipants for the research who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Casts from the orthodontics department ofSardar Begum Dental College in Peshawar were used for the research. Each cast was categorized as either tricuspidateor bicuspidate. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Chi-square and the odds ratio were used tocompare the groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant.Result: It is not statistically significant that the tricuspidate pattern, mostly seen in females (56%), is more frequentin men (66%). The relationship between dental abnormalities and tricuspidate and bicuspidate was not statisticallysignificantly different. The maxillary canine impaction, peg lateral maxillary incisor, absent maxillary lateral incisors,and Carabelli cusps all have P-values over the crucial threshold.Conclusion: The bicuspidate pattern is typical of second premolars in the mandible. Two cuspal variations in themandibular second premolar do not significantly correlate with other dental abnormalities.Keywords: Bicuspidate, Tricuspidate, Maxillary canine impaction, Cusp of Carabelli, Peg lateral incisor
ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE BY USING ORAL HEALTH IMPACT PROFILE (OHIP) SCORES IN PARTIALLY DENTATE PATIENTS WITH PROVISION OF TOOTH- SUPPORTED FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES
Authors: Munir Khan  , Alamgir Khan  , Abdullah  , Awais Khan  , Ahmad Afridi  , Junaid ullah Khan
Published: June 2024

Globally, dentistry and healthcare policies now follow a different paradigm. These days, the focus is more on theindividuals’ improved quality of life than on the marginal treatment of physical and psychological illnesses. Thisstudy assessed the quality of life associated with oral health in patients who were partly dentate and receiving fixedpartial dentures supported by teeth by utilizing the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) scores. From October 2015to April 2016, 209 participants in this quasi-experimental research were seen in the prosthodontics departmentin the prosthodontics department at Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan. Patients with one or two missing teeththat will be replaced by a fixed partial denture, excellent general health, the ability to comprehend and react to thequestionnaire, and no soft or hard tissue inflammation in the oral cavity were included. Patients ranged in age from18 to 60. Excluded from the study were those with severe congenital or surgical deformities of the jaws, drug addiction, psychological instability, acute pain associated with TMJ disorders, life-threatening illnesses, disability, lack ofcooperation, and active periodontal disease or caries. The cumulative score for each of the 14 questions in the OHIPquestionnaire was recorded as the patient’s OHIP score. With SPSS version 17, statistical analysis was carried out.For every variable, descriptive statistics were calculated. Age and gender-based stratification of the OHIP Score wasdone to look for impact modifiers. The Paired T-test compared the Oral Health Impact Profile scores before and after.A significant threshold of P≤0.05 was used.The OHIP score changed on average by 20.84±3.25, a statistically significant change (P<0.0001). Thirty patients(14.35%) had two missing teeth, compared to n=179 (85.64%) who had one missing tooth overall. In terms ofmastication and aesthetics, fixed partial dentures may statistically considerably enhance a partly dentate patient’squality of life.Study design: A quasi-experimental studyDuration and place of study : From October 2015 to April 2016, 209 participants in this quasi-experimentalresearch were seen in the prosthodontics department at the Bacha Khan Medical College, MardanKeywords: OHRQoL, fixed partial denture, partial edentulism, and Oral Health Impact Profile scores
A COMPARISON OF TOPICAL STEROIDS AND ANTIBIOTICS TO IMPROVE DRUG THERAPY FOR RECURRENT SINUSITIS
Authors: Allah Noor  , Muhammad Arif
Published: June 2024

Objective: this study is to assess the efficacy of antibiotics against topical steroids in the treatment of recurrentsinusitis, with an emphasis on symptom relief, recurrence rates, and patient satisfaction.Study Design: a prospective study.Duration and Place of Study: This study was conducting at Department of ENT at Hayatabad MedicalComplex between Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.Materials and Methods: This study included 175 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 who had recurrentsinusitis. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A got antibiotics, whereas Group B received topicalsteroid treatment. Validated rating methods were used to measure symptom intensity, recurrence rates, and patientsatisfaction at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks following therapy beginning. The following information was gathered:medical history, clinical examination, endoscopic results, and radiographic examinations. To compare the results ofthe two treatment groups, the obtained data were analyzed using relevant statistical techniques such as t-tests andchi-squared tests.Results: Of 175 patients, 88 got antibiotics and 87 topical steroids. The average age of antibiotic patients was 44.2± 8.1 years, whereas topical steroid patients averaged 43.9 ± 7.8 years. Both groups had identical baseline scores:antibiotics scored 7.2±1.5 and topical steroids scored 7.4±1.4. Both treatment groups’ 12-week patient satisfactionand recurrence rates were examined. 65.9% of antibiotic patients were pleased, 26.1% moderately satisfied, and7.95% unhappy. In contrast, 85.05% of topical steroids patients were satisfied, 13.8% moderate, and 1.14% poor.These data demonstrate topical steroids may reduce chronic sinusitis patients’ symptoms, satisfaction, and recurrence.Conclusion: This comparative research shows that topical steroids relieve symptoms quicker and longer, have a reducedrecurrence rate, and increase patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that topical steroids may help treat recurrentsinusitis and suggest that further study and clinical recommendations are needed to improve therapy.Keywords: recurrent sinusitis, antibiotics, topical steroids, drug therapy, comparative study, symptom improvement,recurrence rates, patient satisfaction.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ASPIRATION AND INCISION AND DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES FOR BREAST ABSCESS MANAGEMENT A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Afzaal Baig  , Muhammad Waqid Bin Abdullah  , Zubair Ahmad  , Syed Muhammad Talha Bukhari  , Haseeb Ahmad  , Roshan Butt
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To conduct a comparative analysis of the outcomes associated with needle aspiration and surgical incisionand drainage of breast abscess.Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.Place and duration of study: The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Surgery, ServicesInstitute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, spanning a duration of six months from July 2020 to January 2021.Methods: The research comprised a cohort of 60 female patients, aged 18 to 65 years, who presented with unilateralbreast abscess. These patients were separated into two equal groups, each consisting of 30 individuals. The femaleparticipants in Group-NA had ultrasonic-guided needle aspiration, while the female participants in Group-I&Dunderwent incision and drainage of the breast abscess. The main variables assessed in this study were the duration ofthe surgery and the length of hospitalization for both groups.Results: The age range in this research was 25–58 years old, with a mean±SD of 39.93±13.97 years. GroupNA had an abscess of 7.2±1.71 cm, while Group-I&D had an abscess measuring 6.96±1.56 cm. The study’smajor findings indicate that Group-N A needed considerably less time for the surgery (7.2±1.54 Vs 19.96±2.77minutes, p=0.000) than Group-I&D. Similarly, Group-NA’s mean hospital stay length was considerably shorterthan Group-I&D’s (1.63 ± 1.06 Vs. 3.23 ± 1.38 days, p=0.000).Conclusion: The main benefits of needle aspiration over incision and drainage procedures for female patients withbreast abscesses include shorter operation times and shorter hospital stays.Keywords: Breast abscess, Incision & Drainage, Needle aspiration.
RECOGNIZING CHILD PARENTAL ANTIBIOTIC SELFMEDICATION: ORIGINS, TRENDS, AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Karam Khushik  , Ali Akbar Siyal  , Munawar Ali Siyal  , Ameer Ali Jamali  , Naseer Ahmad Memon  , Azizullah Langah
Published: June 2024

Objective: Identifying parental reasons for self-treating children under ten years of age with antibiotics and theirpublic health implications for creating targeted interventions for antibiotic control reports of infectious disease.Study Design: A Cross-sectional StudyPlace and Duration of Study: From 11- January 2023 to 11-July 2023, this research was carried out at thePeoples university of Medical Health Sciences Nawab Shah Department of Pediatrics.Materials and Methods: 100 kids under ten who got antibiotics from their parents without a prescription wereincluded in the study. Parents were questioned using a pre-made, structured questionnaire written in English andtranslated into Urdu. We investigated the factors that affect parents’ understanding of the hazards associated withoverusing antibiotics as well as their decision to self-administer antibiotics to their children.Results: Important information on parental antibiotic self-medication was found in the research. The antibioticsmost often overused were azithromycin, co-amoxiclav, cefixime, and clarithromycin. The most common reasons forself-administration of antibiotics were fever, skin rashes, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Mothers were the primary initiatorsof antibiotic use, closely followed by male children beginning their consumption. These findings highlight the need forfocused initiatives, especially when it comes to treating common pediatric diseases, to raise parental knowledge of theproper use of antibiotics and the possible hazards associated with indiscriminate self-medication.Conclusion: It is exceedingly unusual for parents to give their kids medications on their own, which leads to theexcessive use of antibiotics and the development of antibiotic resistance. The entire public, especially parents, shouldbe made aware of this situation to halt the danger to global health. Policies that prohibit easy access to antibioticsshould be applied with greater efficacy.Keywords: Parental antibiotic self-medication, Children Causes Awareness, Antibiotic resistance
Die „Nestbeschmutzer“ gegen den österreichischen Opfermythos: Die Wolfshaut von Hans Lebert und Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall von Thomas Bernhard im Vergleich
Authors: Potrząsaj Dominik
Published: June 2024

The article aims to explore the phenomenon of the “Nestbeschmutzer” in the context of Austrian victim theory. The term was coined in post-war Austria to describe authors who, in defiance of politicians and society, called for a reckoning with the country’s Nazi past. Two literary works are representative of this theme, Hans Lebertʾs Die Wolfshaut (‘The Wolfskin’) and Thomas Bernhardʾs Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (Extinction), were selected for analysis. Both authors challenge the myth of Austria as Hitlerʾs first victim and expose the post-war silence in their country regarding Austrian involvement in Nazism. They present their arguments in different ways, allowing for a comparison between the two literary approaches to dealing with the past. As both titles come from slightly different periods in the history of the victim myth, it is also possible to demonstrate the changes in Austrian literature over the years and to assess the contribution of the two novels to altering the perception of history in Austria.
Ensayismo y “revelación poética” en Octavio Paz
Authors: Rosales Rodríguez Amán
Published: June 2024

This article explores certain characteristics of Octavio Paz’s essay writing based on a commentary on El mono gramático. This work is an example not only of textual hybridism but also of essayism as a prevailing attitude in the intellectual production of the Mexican author. The main objective of the paper is to highlight the relationship between essayism as a producer of generic hybridisms with Paz’s reflections on “poetic revelation”, a subject developed by Paz in El arco y la lira-. In El mono gramático the author attempts an approach to such a revelation that considers both the finite nature of the human being and aspirations of transcendence.