bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise combined with memory strategy training improve the cognitive function
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yao Xiuxia , Wang Yafei , Chen Xiao , Wang Zhaoxia
Published: August 2023

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the occurrence of cognitive impairment, imposing a heavy burden on the patient's family and society. Aerobic exercise and targeted memory strategies have been widely reported to improve cognitive function.

Methods: A total of 122 T2DM patients with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) test scores of less than 26 received the aerobic exercise combined with memory strategy training. After 6 months of intervention, a final group of 113 patients entered the final evaluation and analysis. Diabetes‐specific quality of life scale (DSQL) and activities of daily living (ADL) assessments were performed to evaluate the life quality of the patients.

Results

The scores of MoCA and ADL were significantly upregulated, and the scores of DSQL were significantly reduced after the 6‐month intervention of T2DM patients. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels of T2DM patients with cognitive impairment significantly decreased post intervention. A significant decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were observed. The FPG, HbA1, TC, TG, and LDL‐C levels were significantly lower, and the HDL‐C levels were significantly higher in patients with normal cognitive function than in patients with abnormal cognitive function.

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise combined with memory strategy training effectively improved the memory and cognitive function in patients with T2DM.
Piper longum Constituents Induce PANC‐1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death under Nutrition Starvation
Authors: Fujihashi Yuki , Jo Kim Min , Maneenet Juthamart , Awale Suresh
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis, partly due to ‘austerity’, a phenomenon of tolerance to nutrient deprivation and survival in its hypovascular tumor microenvironment. Anti‐austerity agents which preferentially diminish the survival of cancer cells under nutrition starvation is regarded as new generation anti‐cancer agents. This study investigated the potential of Piper longum constituents as anti‐austerity agents. The ethanolic extract of Piper longum was found to have preferential cytotoxicity towards PANC‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells in a nutrient‐deprived medium (NDM). Further investigation led to the identification of pipernonaline (3) as the lead compound with the strongest anti‐austerity activity, inducing cell death and inhibiting migration in a normal nutrient medium, as well as strongly inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Therefore, pipernonaline (3) holds promise as a novel antiausterity agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Furfural Derivatives and Phenolic Constituents in Stemona tuberosa Lour
Authors: He Ru‐Shang , Li Shi‐Wei , Yang Tian‐Tian , Lai Jia‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Jie , Xue Bian‐Xia , Zhang Li‐Hua , Wu Hong‐Hua
Published: August 2023

Chemical investigation on the water‐soluble constituents of Stemona tuberosa Lour. resulted in the isolation of a previously undescribed furfural derivative namely (S)‐5‐((R)‐hydroxy(5‐(hydroxymethyl)furan‐2‐yl)methyl)‐5‐methylfuran‐2(5H)‐one and twenty‐five known compounds from the water decoction of the dried root tubers. Their structures were determined by analysis of the extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D/2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and ORD, as well as the ECD simulation and comparison. Most of them were phenolic and among them, four compounds were isolated from Stemona plants for the first time. This study uncovers diverse constituents from water decoction of S. tuberosa dedicated for its quality control and allows for the exploitation of chemical markers with potential significance for discrimination of Stemona plants.
A „Magic Mushroom“ Multi‐Product Sesquiterpene Synthase
Authors: Schäfer Eike , Seibold Paula S. , Bartram Stefan , Trottmann Felix , Haensch Veit G. , Gressler Markus , Chadeayne Andrew R. , Hertweck Christian , O'Connor Sarah E. , Hoffmeister Dirk
Published: August 2023

Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are chemically well understood for their psychotropic tryptamines. However, the diversity of their other specialized metabolites, in particular terpenoids, has largely remained an open question. Yet, knowledge on the natural product background is critical to understand if other compounds modulate the psychotropic pharmacological effects. CubA, the single clade II sesquiterpene synthase of P. cubensis, was heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and characterized in vitro, complemented by in vivo product formation assays in Aspergillus niger as a heterologous host. Extensive GC‐MS analyses proved a function as multi‐product synthase and, depending on the reaction conditions, cubebol, β‐copaene, δ‐cadinene, and germacrene D were detected as the major products of CubA. In addition, mature P. cubensis carpophores were analysed chromatographically which led to the detection of β‐copaene and δ‐cadinene. Enzymes closely related to CubA are encoded in the genomes of various Psilocybe species. Therefore, our results provide insight into the metabolic capacity of the entire genus.
Dual‐Responsive Drug‐Delivery System Based on PEG‐Functionalized Pillararenes Containing Disulfide and Amido Bonds for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Xia Jiachen , Wang Jian , Zhao Qin , Lu Bing , Yao Yong
Published: August 2023

The construction of a smart drug‐delivery system based on amphiphilic pillararenes with multiple responsiveness properties has become an important way to improve the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy. Here, a new PEG‐functionalized pillararene (EtP5‐SS‐PEG) containing disulfide and amido bonds was designed and synthesized, which has been used to construct a novel supramolecular nanocarrier through a host‐guest interaction with a perylene diimide derivative (PDI‐2NH4) and their supramolecular self‐assembly. This nanocarrier showed good drug loading capability, and dual stimulus responsiveness to enzyme and GSH (glutathione). After loading of doxorubicin (DOX), the prepared nanodrugs displayed efficient DOX release and outstanding cancer theranostics ability.
Uterine perforation during uterine repositioning on nonpuerperal uterine inversion by delivery of a large fibroid: A case report
Authors: Uomoto Mari , Tokinaga‐Uchiyama Aya , Kobayashi Natsuko , Okuda Mika
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Transvaginal uterine restoration of nonpuerperal uterine inversion is difficult; there are risks of heavy bleeding and uterine perforation. In such cases, total hysterectomy and transfusion are inevitable.

A 47‐year‐old woman with profuse genital bleeding, diagnosed with nonpuerperal uterine inversion caused by a uterine fibroma, underwent emergency surgery. Uterine perforation occurred during transvaginal uterine restoration, revealed by laparoscopy. Bleeding persisted and blood transfusion volume increased; therefore, a total hysterectomy was performed for hemostasis.
Do you know the diagnostic importance of susceptibility‐weighted imaging on MRI for patients with cerebral fat embolism?
Authors: Koshida Yuki , Nishimura Mitsushige , Kanazawa Kenji
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

If you suspect cerebral fat embolism (CFE) of the diagnosis for the patients who present with impaired consciousness and hypoxia following a fracture, susceptibility‐weighted imaging should be included of head MRI imaging.

We report a case of cerebral fat embolism (CFE) that could be identified only by susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI). Collection and analysis of previous case reports of CFE revealed utilization of SWI in less than one third of suspected cases, despite its known diagnostic ability for CFE.
Alpha‐gal syndrome—Food or drug allergy: A case report
Authors: Božan Marina , Vukičević Lazarević Vesna , Marković Ivan , Morović‐Vergles Jadranka , Mitrović Joško
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Alpha‐gal syndrome is an immunoglobulin E‐mediated hypersensitivity characterized by delayed allergic reactions to ingested products containing alpha‐gal carbohydrate. We present a patient with recurrent urticaria and suspected repaglinide hypersensitivity, who was eventually diagnosed with alpha‐gal syndrome, wanting to emphasize possible drug allergy misdiagnosis and required caution with the medication choice.
Liver fluke in a young Nepalese girl: A rare diagnostic puzzle
Authors: Pandey Anwesha , Mishra Aakash , Khadka Sagar , Manandhar Sunil Raja , Shrestha Ashish Lal
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical message

Fascioliasis poses diagnostic challenges to clinicians for its broad spectrum of hepatobiliary symptoms and lower detection rates. Timely and precise identification avoids long‐standing hepatic complications.

Fasciola hepatica, a trematode parasite, inhabits snails and sheep. Human hepatic fascioliasis is a neglected tropical disease with no specific tests. In this instance, the significance of clinical awareness, appropriate imaging, and serological investigations is demonstrated. A young Nepalese girl was diagnosed and managed successfully.
Modulating Catalyst‐Reactant Interface Microenvironment for Efficient Photocatalysis on Bismuth Sulfide
Authors: Lu Hua , Jin Xiuyue , Tong Shuzhi , Jin Mengru , Zhu Zhanjun , Fang Jiabao , Zhong Guolun , Chen Jue , Deng Meng , Chen Fei
Published: August 2023

Pollution by organic dyes has received extensive attention due to their high toxicity, biohazard, and high stability in the natural environment, and the development of high‐efficiency dye degradation and heavy metal ion reduction technologies is urgently needed in photocatalysis. However, the interface microenvironment between catalyst and pollutant is often ignored, and the poor compatibility of the catalyst‐pollutant interface constrains further efficient catalysis. Herein, to improve the compatibility of the catalyst‐pollutant interface, a surfactant‐capping strategy for enhanced photocatalysis of rhodamine B (RhB) on one‐dimensional rod‐like Bi2S3 nanocrystals was investigated. Specifically, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐capped Bi2S3 (Bi2S3‐PVP) showed enhanced RhB degradation rate compared with pure Bi2S3, and further studies suggested enhanced reaction interface compatibility at the Bi2S3‐PVP‐RhB interface. This work provides an interface microenvironment modulation strategy for improving photocatalytic performance towards organic dyes.
Distributed statistical process monitoring based on block‐wise residual generator
Authors: Tong Chudong , Zhou Xinyan , Qian Kai , Xu Xin , Jiang Jiongting
Published: August 2023

The increasing scale of modern chemical plants keeps popularizing investigation as well as application of distributed process monitoring approaches. With a goal of directly quantifying the normal relations between different blocks divided from the whole process, a novel multi‐block modeling strategy called block‐wise residual generator is proposed, which trains a residual generator for each block through using the partial least squares algorithm with single one output, so that the relation between the corresponding block and the others is quantified as a regression model in a block‐wise manner. The deviations caused by the abnormal samples to the normal relations quantified for different blocks could thus be efficiently captured by the residuals generated from the block regression models, which then provide sensitive information for fault detection and contribution‐based fault diagnosis. Moreover, the proposed method is applicable for both disjoint and overlapped block divisions, and the direct consideration of individually quantifying relations between different blocks can always guarantee its salient monitoring performance, as validated through comparisons with classical distributed process monitoring methods.
Photoisomerization of “Partially Embedded Dihydropyridazine” with a Helical Structure
Authors: Usui Kazuteru , Amano Ami , Murayama Kasumi , Sasaya Miho , Kusumoto Ryota , Umeno Tomohiro , Murase Satsuki , Iizuka Naoko , Matsumoto Shota , Fuchi Yasufumi , Takahashi Kazuyuki , Kawahata Masatoshi , Kobori Yasuhiro , Karasawa Satoru
Published: August 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis of two “partially embedded fused‐dihydropyridazine N‐aryl aza[5]helicene derivatives” (PDHs) and the demonstration of their intrinsic photo‐triggered multi‐functional properties based on a Kekulé biradical structure. Introducing bulky electron‐withdrawing trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl groups into the aza[5]helicene framework (PDH‐CF3 and −C2F5) gives PDH axial chirality based on the helicity of the P and M forms, even at room temperature. Upon photo‐irradiation of PDH‐CF3 in a frozen solution, an ESR signal from the triplet biradical with zero‐field splitting values, generated by N−N bond dissociation, was observed. However, when the irradiation was turned off, the ESR signal became silent, thus indicating the existence of two equilibria: between the biradical and quinoidal forms based on the Kekulé structure, and between N−N bond cleavage and recombination. The observed photo‐ and thermally induced behaviors indicate that T‐type photochromic molecules are involved in the photoisomerization mechanism involving the two equilibria. Inspired by the photoisomerization, chirality control of PDH by photoracemization was achieved. Multiple functionalities, such as T‐type photochromism, photo‐excitation‐mediated triplet biradical formation, and photoracemization, which are attributed to the “partially embedded dihydropyridazine” structure, are demonstrated.
High expression of insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) distinguishes colorectal mixed and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas from conventional adenocarcinomas with diffuse expression of synaptophysin
Authors: Litmeyer Anne‐Sophie , Konukiewitz Björn , Kasajima Atsuko , Foersch Sebastian , Schicktanz Felix , Schmitt Maxime , Kellers Franziska , Grass Albert , Jank Paul , Lehman Bettina , Gress Thomas M , Rinke Anja , Bartsch Detlef K , Denkert Carsten , Weichert Wilko , Klöppel Günter , Jesinghaus Moritz
Published: August 2023

Complementary to synaptophysin and chromogranin A, insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1) has emerged as a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Since there are no comparative data regarding INSM1 expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs) and colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas/neuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs/NECs), we examined INSM1 in a large cohort of conventional CRCs and MANECs/NECs. In conventional CRC, we put a special focus on conventional CRC with diffuse expression of synaptophysin, which carry the risk of being misinterpreted as a MANEC or a NEC. We investigated INSM1 according to the immunoreactive score in our main cohort of 1,033 conventional CRCs and 21 MANECs/NECs in comparison to the expression of synaptophysin and chromogranin A and correlated the results with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. All MANECs/NECs expressed INSM1, usually showing high or moderate expression (57% high, 34% moderate, and 9% low), which distinguished them from conventional CRCs, which were usually INSM1 negative or low, even if they diffusely expressed synaptophysin. High expression of INSM1 was not observed in conventional CRCs. Chromogranin A was negative/low in most conventional CRCs (99%), but also in most MANECs/NECs (66%). Comparable results were observed in our independent validation cohorts of conventional CRC (n = 274) and MANEC/NEC (n = 19). Similar to synaptophysin, INSM1 expression had no prognostic relevance in conventional CRCs, while true MANEC/NEC showed a highly impaired survival in univariate and multivariate analyses (e.g. disease‐specific survival: p < 0.001). MANECs/NECs are a highly aggressive variant of colorectal cancer, which must be reliably identified. High expression of INSM1 distinguishes MANEC/NEC from conventional CRCs with diffuse expression of the standard neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, which do not share the same dismal prognosis. Therefore, high INSM1 expression is a highly specific/sensitive marker that is supportive for the diagnosis of true colorectal MANEC/NEC.
The Reaction of Muonium with Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Percival Paul W. , Brodovitch Jean‐Claude
Published: August 2023

Rate constants for the reactions of muonium (Mu) (the ultralight isotope of the hydrogen atom) with H2O2 in H2O and D2O2 in D2O have been determined at various temperatures and pH (pD) values. The data are consistent with the three reactions:
,
,
and the equivalent for the deuterated entities. A significant positive H/D isotope effect was found for the undissociated peroxide, while for the anions the effect was negligible or slightly in the opposite direction. In addition, for concentrated solutions of peroxide a study of the muon spin polarization as a function of applied transverse magnetic field yielded results consistent with the rate constants determined from the direct decay measurements, and indicated that the reaction products are diamagnetic, most likely MuH and MuOH, i. e., no muoniated radical products are formed. These results are potentially relevant for management of the radiolysis products in nuclear industry.
Construction of a secure and efficient content key distribution framework for DRM systems
Authors: Mishra Dheerendra , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Kasi Abhijit , Rewal Purva , Mishra Ankita
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in networks and digital technology have provided many user‐friendly environments such as telemedicine, e‐banking, e‐content, and e‐commerce. It has revolutionized the multimedia industry and made it accessible anytime and anywhere. However, its limitation also appeared in digital content piracy, which is more prevalent nowadays. Digital rights management (DRM) systems were developed to control the illegal spreading of digital content. Protocols are being developed to enable effective and secure communication in DRM systems. As security and efficiency are essential parameters, the approach should be two birds with one stone; i.e., the protocol should achieve efficiency and security together. Our investigation identified that secure mechanisms either have increased computation/communication overhead or fail to meet specified security criteria when discussing efficient content key delivery mechanisms. So, an efficient protocol design with the right security attributes is required. We have worked on designing a content delivery mechanism keeping in mind the desirable attribute of security and without decreasing overhead. The suggested solution targets “two birds with one stone.” We proved the security of the scheme in the random oracle model. We verify the security against active attacks using the formal simulation tool AVISPA. Detailed analysis is performed for the evaluation of computational and communication overhead. The comparative study is also presented to understand the gains in efficiency and security.
Consider implications of Supreme Court decision regarding affirmative action in admissions
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2023

In a decision that reverberated throughout the halls of higher education, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down race‐conscious admissions programs at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina (See Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, Slip Op. No. 20‐1199 (2023)). The decision overturns decades of precedent and effectively invalidates affirmative action policies in college admissions.
2‐Ketophenyl Assisted Biomimetic Synthesis of 3‐Thio Substituted Glycals at Room Temperature
Authors: Zargar Irshad Ahmad , Sakander Norein , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: August 2023

Herein we designed a strategy for the synthesis of regioselective and stereoselective displacement of C‐3 acetate group in the presence of other C‐4 and C‐6 acetate of 2‐ketophenyl‐glycal by different aromatic and cyclic aliphatic thiol nucleophiles taking inspiration from cytosolic esterase mediated thiolation of glucosamine sugars into cellular glycan. Under a mild base condition at room temperature, the protocol generated a library of 3‐arylthiosugars with excellent yields and high axial selectivity. This stereoselective approach tolerated well with different ester‐protected glycals and thiophenols, aliphatic cyclic thiols, and mercaptans. A variety of control experiments were conducted to establish the mechanism and reason behind the stereoselectivity.
Effects of animal fat replacement with almond flour on quality parameters of beef patties
Authors: Kirkyol Mine , Akköse Ahmet
Published: August 2023

Almond is rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber and contains high fat and protein. For this reason, almond flour can be used as an additive in the production of various foods to increase nutritional value, improve texture and flavor, and produce healthier products. The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of almond flour as an animal fat replacer in the production of beef patties. For this purpose, beef patties were produced in five different formulations containing animal fat and/or almond flour, and pH, moisture content, color, and TBARS values were detected in both raw and cooked samples. In addition, cooking yield and shrinkage were calculated and fatty acid composition, texture profile, and sensory analyses were performed on cooked samples. Replacing animal fat with almond flour increased pH in raw and cooked beef patties but decreased moisture content, b* value, and TBARS in cooked samples compared to the control. While cooking yield increased in beef patties containing almond flour, shrinkage decreased. In addition, the cooking process caused decreases in L*, a*, and b* values. Using almond flour in beef patties decreased the SFAs and increased the amounts of oleic and linoleic acids. Hardness, cohesiveness, resilience, and chewiness were significantly affected by the use of almond flour (p < .01), and higher hardness and chewiness, and lower cohesiveness and resilience were determined in the samples containing almond flour compared to the control. On the other hand, the use of almond flour instead of animal fat in beef patties did not have a significant effect on the determined sensory properties (p > .05).
DEI Is Not Enough
Authors: King Nancy M. P.
Published: August 2023

The movement under way to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in every workplace, including academia, medicine, and science, is an essential step toward health justice, but only a first step. Bioethics, health care, and health‐related research all need more professionals from minoritized groups, but all of us need to do more to address justice at every level. From inclusive workplace policies and practices to research into structural injustices and health disparities, bioethics can and must lead the way in collaborative efforts. The work belongs to all of us, and DEI is only the beginning.
Facilitating Ukrainian Refugees’ Continued Participation in Clinical Trials
Authors: Bloswick Agata , Mustra David , Harasymiv Oksana , Dubov Alex
Published: August 2023

Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing armed conflict are having a hugely damaging effect on health services and the health infrastructure in Ukraine. Hundreds of clinical trials have been halted, leaving patients without access to treatment and jeopardizing the development of promising new drugs. There is a lack of clarity on dealing with protocol deviations and other disruptions caused by war. This article proposes guidance on facilitating Ukrainian refugees’ continuation in clinical trials. The safety of study participants should be the main priority and guide every decision, regardless of any potential consequences for an ongoing trial. This commentary outlines policy recommendations regarding participants’ reenrollment, the handover of participants and data to new principal investigators, and the consent process as well as the sponsor's obligations related to translation, data transfer, and support for Ukrainian investigators. To ensure data integrity, investigators should carry out risk assessments of the further use of refugees’ data.
Promotions of vaping products near schools and central business district: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Leung Janni , Sun Tianze , Vu Giang , Dawson Danielle , Chan Gary Chung Kai
Published: August 2023

Issues Addressed

The increase of youth vaping in Australia has raised concerns, especially with increasing promotions of vaping products. We observed the visibility of vaping products near high‐adolescent‐traffic areas.

Methods

We examined stores within walking distance of high schools and the central business district (CBD) in Brisbane, Australia, observing the number and proportion of stores selling or displaying vaping products. Using an observational approach, we analysed advertisements and open displays of vaping products at tobacconists, vape stores, and convenience stores.

Results

We identified 61 eligible stores located near schools or in the CBD. Overall, 20% of stores displayed vaping products externally, with higher proportions among vape stores (78%) compared to tobacconists (36%). Additionally, 46% of stores had visible interior displays, with vape stores (89%) displaying them more frequently than tobacconists (71%). Among the 28 stores displaying vaping products, 57% included warnings, one store featured only flavoured products, and 25% showcased nicotine‐containing products. Youth‐appealing features were present in all but one store, with cartoons (61%) as the most common feature.

Conclusion

Vapes were displayed near high schools and in the city, often featuring youth‐appealing features, such as colours and flavours.

So What?

The exposure to such promotions could normalise vaping and contribute to increased youth uptake. Continued monitoring of vaping product promotions is essential, particularly considering recent policy changes.
Factors perceived by village health volunteers to implement the strategies of the COVID‐19 Control Centre in Thailand
Authors: Singweratham Noppcha , Nawsuwan Kittiporn , Suriya Natthawut , Oupra Roshinee , Lillahkul Niratchara
Published: August 2023

Issue Addressed

The proactive strategy of village health volunteers could help decrease the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Thailand. This research aimed to study the factors that influence the operation of the COVID‐19 Control Centre in the village health volunteer communities in Thailand. Thai village health volunteers are trained in infection control education, so they could help control the spread of COVID‐19 in the country. This questionnaire study examined factors related to the work of volunteers who could influence the outcomes of initiatives of the COVID‐19 Control Centre in Thailand.

Method

A questionnaire was used that gathered demographic data about the volunteers in section 1, assessed the factors influencing the operation of the control centre in section 2, and evaluated the operation of the control centre in section 3. A predictive correlational design was conducted with 10 400 village health volunteers nationwide. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the instrument, with a score range of .773 to .917. The data were analysed using multiple regression analysis.

Results

Factors associated with the volunteers that could influence their implementation of the initiatives of the Thai COVID‐19 Control Centre were disease severity awareness (β = .196), preventive health behaviours (β = .159), organisational support awareness (β = .167), motivation (β = .120), and work duration (β = .036). These five factors yielded 26% variance (adj. R2 = .260, p < .001).

Conclusion

The village health volunteers have an important role in implementing the initiatives of the Thai COVID‐19 Control Centre. The key findings suggest that disease severity awareness, preventive health behaviour, and organisational support awareness are critical factors influencing the operation of the COVID‐19 Control Centre by village health volunteers in Thailand. Understanding and addressing these factors could contribute to early and effective interventions in managing the spread of COVID‐19 and potentially future other epidermics.

So What?

These outcomes may positively contribute to effective early interventions as well as appropriate responses to the spread of COVID‐19 and to be better prepared to tackle future infectious threats. Further support for the village health volunteers is warranted to determine their efficacy.
Answerable for what? The role of accountability focus in line manager HR implementation
Authors: Hewett Rebecca , Sikora David , Brees Jeremy , Moelijker Rowan
Published: August 2023

Line managers are often responsible for implementing HR practices in organizations. Why do some line managers implement HR practices as intended while others do not? We draw on the concept of accountability focus to highlight that managers' HR implementation behavior is driven by what they feel accountable for, and we examine how accountability focus is shaped by characteristics of managers' role. We test our theoretical model across two field studies: a three‐wave survey with managers and a study with dyads of managers and employees. When managers experienced more autonomy in their HR role, they felt more accountable for outcomes and were less likely to implement HR practices, but this was mitigated when managers also felt competent in their HR responsibilities. More competent managers felt more accountable for processes and in turn were more likely to implement HR practices, which positively related to employees' discretionary effort. Our findings highlight boundaries to managerial autonomy, and theoretical insights about the motivational mechanisms, which drive HR implementation, with implications for employees. We contribute to theory on managerial accountability by elaborating the nomological net of accountability focus and, by developing a measurement scale through several pilot studies, provide opportunities for further research.
Sudan's armed rivalry: A comment on the vulnerable healthcare system catastrophe
Authors: Hemmeda Lina , Ahmed Alaa S. , Omer Maram
Published: August 2023

The Sudan War 2023 is a military conflict that erupted in the heart of a paralyzed state system. A total of 68% of hospitals are presently closed, with the remainder operating just partially owing to a lack of staff, medical supplies, and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, due to power outages, Sudan's vaccination and insulin stocks are under jeopardy. Additionally, patients with chronic conditions have difficulty receiving their prescriptions. This unaccounted‐for conflict is expected to degrade Sudan's already‐weak healthcare sector by the recent COVID‐19 pandemic and 2018 revolution. Humanitarian emergency care is being offered by numerous non‐for‐profit organizations and civilians initiatives; but, more measures, notably aimed at preventing political upheaval, are required to save the country's future.
Personality, dietary identity, mental and sleep health in vegans and vegetarians: A preliminary cross‐sectional study
Authors: Coxon Christle , Hepsomali Piril , Brandt Karen , Vauzour David , Costabile Adele
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims

Plant‐based diets have gained popularity over the past decade. However, research regarding mental and sleep health benefits of following plant‐based diets are conflicting. As there are associations between mental/sleep health and various personality traits, and personality may differ between individuals who follow different diets, in this preliminary study, we examined the associations between mental and sleep health and (i) personality and (ii) dietary identity in individuals who follow vegan and vegetarian diets.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data on sociodemographic, personality traits, dietarian identity, overall mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality were collected from 57 vegan/vegetarian participants between the ages of 18–40.

Results

After controlling for various sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, linear regression models revealed that (i) higher dietarian private regard was a significant predictor of better overall mental health, (ii) lower levels of extraversion and higher levels of empathy predicted depression, (iii) higher levels of neuroticism and empathy predicted anxiety, (iv) higher levels of neuroticism, dietarian centrality, and neuroticism × centrality predicted stress, (v) higher levels of conscientiousness, lower levels of dietarian centrality, but higher levels of personal motivation and dietary strictness, as well as conscientiousness × centrality, conscientiousness × personal motivation, and conscientiousness × strictness predicted better sleep quality.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that not only personality traits, but also dietary identity was indeed related to mental and sleep health in individuals who follow plant‐based diets.
Role of berberine on angiogenesis and blood flow hemodynamics using zebrafish model
Authors: Nathan Jhansi , Shameera Rabiathul , Devarajan Nalini , Perumal Elumalai
Published: August 2023

Angiogenesis and hemodynamic instability created by the irregular blood vessels causes hypoperfusion and angiogenesis‐mediated diseases. Therefore, therapies focusing on controlling angiogenesis will be a valuable approach to treat a broad spectrum of diseases. In this study, we explored the anti‐angiogenic potential of berberine (BBR) and also analyzed blood flow hemodynamics using zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos treated with BBR (0.01–0.75 mM) at various doses at 1 hour post‐fertilization (hpf) developed a variety of phenotypic variations including aberrant blood vessels, tail bending, edema, and hemorrhage. Survival rates were much lower at higher dosages, and hatching rates were almost 99%, whereas control group appeared normal. Heart rate is an essential measure that has a strong association with hemodynamics. We used ImageJ software to study the heart rate of embryos treated with BBR, preceded by video processing. The resultant graph shows a significant decrease in heart rate of embryos treated with BBR in dose‐dependent manner. Also, RBC staining using o‐Dianisidine confirms the anti‐angiogenic potential of BBR by indicating the decrease in the intersegmental vessels at 0.5 and 0.75 mM treated embryos. Further, the gene expression study determined that the transcripts (vegf, vegfr2, nrp1a, hif‐1α, nos2a, nos2b, cox‐2a, and cox‐2b) measured were found to be downregulated by BBR at 0.5 mM concentration, from which we conclude that enos/vegf signaling could play an important role in modulating angiogenesis. Our data imply that BBR may be an effective compound for suppressing angiogenesis in vivo, which might be helpful in the treatment of vascular disorders like cancer and diabetic retinopathy in future.
Crystal structures and P–T phase diagrams of SrC2O5 and BaC2O5
Authors: Sagatova Dinara N. , Gavryushkin Pavel N. , Sagatov Nursultan E. , Banaev Maksim V.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we present the results of a search for new stable structures of SrCO and BaCO in the pressure range of 0–100 GPa based on the density functional theory and crystal structure prediction approaches. We have shown that the recently synthesized pyrocarbonate structure SrCO‐ is thermodynamically stable for both SrCO and BaCO. Thus, SrCO‐ is stable relative to decomposition reaction above 10 GPa, while the lower‐pressure stability limit for BaCO‐ is 5 GPa, which is the lowest value for the formation of pyrocarbonates. For SrCO, the following polymorphic transitions were found with increasing pressure: at 40 GPa and 1000 K, at 90 GPa and 1000 K. SrCO‐ and SrCO‐ are characterized by the framework and layered structures of [CO] tetrahedra, respectively. For BaCO, with increasing pressure, decomposition of BaCO‐ into BaCO and CO is observed at 34 GPa without any polymorphic transitions.
Relativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets free of variational prolapse of small and medium size for cesium through radon
Authors: Gusmão Eriosvaldo Florentino , Haiduke Roberto Luiz Andrade
Published: August 2023

Relativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets of small and medium sizes are presented in this study for all elements from cesium to radon, including some alternative electron configurations. Both basis sets are made free of variational prolapse, being developed by means of a polynomial version of the generator coordinate Dirac–Fock method. In addition, these sets were designed to be promptly used with two popular finite nuclear models, uniform sphere and Gaussian nuclei. The largest basis set errors found with the uniform sphere nucleus are 27.3 and 10.6 mHartree, respectively, for the small‐ and medium‐size sets. The largest basis set errors obtained with the Gaussian nuclear model are smaller, reaching 23.2 and 7.1 mHartree for the small‐ and medium‐size sets, respectively. Soon, these basis sets will be augmented with polarization functions to be properly used in molecular calculations.
Expansion, cohesion and diversity: The network advantages of microfinance groups in Indian villages
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Singh Mudit Kumar
Published: August 2023

Social network approaches on microfinance self‐help groups (SHGs) find that their organizational capacity lies in network expansion—a social capital basis for various policy interventions through SHGs. To what extent do SHGs create connections in and out of the group boundaries in the caste‐ and gender‐segregated India? This study adds group cohesion and contact diversity as potential network advantages and fully assesses the relationship‐spanning structure of SHGs in India. Modelling network structures in 71 villages in the Diffusion of Microfinance dataset, we identify SHGs' community bonding as well as bridging capacities through the simultaneously expanded and cohesive helpful exchange ties. However, SHG members' exchange ties are more caste‐ and gender‐homogeneous, suggesting that SHGs bond rather than bridge individuals across these salient socio‐demographic groups. We develop a policy imperative to promote mixing based on the socio‐demographic composition when aggregating individual SHGs into higher‐level units.
Osmolality of fortified donor human milk: An experimental study
Authors: Pineda Daphne , Bingham Rhyan , Gates Amy , Thompson Amy B. , Stansfield Brian K.
Published: August 2023

Background

We quantify the osmolality of human milk fortified with human milk fortifiers (HMFs), powder infant formulas and protein additives.

Methods

Commercial liquid HMFs and powder infant formulas were added to pasteurized pooled donor human milk in triplicate and stirred. The osmolality of unfortified and fortified human milk at 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 30 kcal/oz (0.73, 0.8, 0.87, 0.9, 0.93, and 1 kcal/ml, respectively) was determined using freezing‐point depression.

Results

The osmolality of fortified human milk associated with energy density in a linear relationship regardless of the fortification strategies. Multiple liquid HMFs and every powder infant formula exceeded the osmolality threshold of 450 mOsm/kg H2O within the energy densities tested.

Conclusion

The osmolality of fortified human milk is highly variable and should be considered when selecting a fortifying agent for human milk.
Biomarker proxies for reconstructing Quaternary climate and environmental change
Authors: McClymont Erin L. , Mackay Helen , Stevenson Mark A. , Damm‐Johnsen Thale , Honan Eleanor Maedhbh , Penny Claire E. , Cole Yasmin A.
Published: August 2023

To reconstruct past environmental changes, a range of indirect or proxy approaches can be applied to Quaternary archives. Here, we review the complementary and novel insights that have been provided by the analysis of chemical fossils (biomarkers). Biomarkers have a biological source that can be highly specific (e.g. produced by a small group of organisms) or more general. We show that biomarkers are able to quantify key climate variables (particularly water and air temperature) and can provide qualitative evidence for changes in hydrology, vegetation, human–environment interactions and biogeochemical cycling. In many settings, biomarker proxies provide the opportunity to simultaneously reconstruct multiple climate or environmental variables, alongside complementary and long‐established approaches to palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Multi‐proxy studies have provided rich sets of data to explore both the drivers and impacts of palaeoenvironmental change. As new biomarker proxies continue to be developed and refined, there is further potential to answer emerging questions for Quaternary science and environmental change.
Characterization of natural rubber concerning its components and molecular weight in Taraxacum kok‐saghyz Rodin using pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Haijing , Fan Xiuli , Yu Hong , Li Jiayang , Cui Xia , Xu Xia
Published: August 2023

Taraxacum kok‐saghyz Rodin (TKS) has abundant natural rubber in its root and the molecular weight of its natural rubber is higher than that in Hevea brasiliensis. Thus, TKS is an excellent alternative for the commercial production of natural rubber. The content and molecular weight of natural rubber are two qualitative indicators. Efficient determination for both indicators is still a challenge. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the content and molecular weight of natural rubber in TKS with pyrolysis－gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The content of natural rubber was quantified by internal standard method. We optimized the pyrolysis temperature and chromatographic method during content determination. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.47 and 1.56 μg, respectively. In addition, the arachidonic acid methyl ester, an unsaturated fatty acid proposed from the α‐end group of natural rubber, was quantified to obtain the number of natural rubber polymers. Based on the content and the polymer number, we also quantified the molecular weight of natural rubber. Thus, the content and molecular weight of natural rubber were simultaneously determined in TKS. Our study provides a new perspective for the high throughput analysis of natural rubber.
Glomangiopericytoma Presenting as a Middle Ear Mass
Authors: Liu George S. , Berry Gerald J. , Soltys Scott G. , Blevins Nikolas H.
Published: August 2023

We describe an unusual case of glomangiopericytoma presenting as a mass filling the middle ear, enveloping the ossicles, and extending into the mastoid antrum without bony destruction. Management involved three surgeries and stereotactic radiosurgery, which achieved short‐term local control with no evidence of disease on MRI imaging 12 months after radiation. Facial nerve function and hearing were preserved. This is the first report to our knowledge of a glomangiopericytoma presenting as a primary temporal bone lesion. Treatment with surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery for residual or recurrent disease is a reasonable approach to achieve local control and functional preservation. Laryngoscope, 134:1426–1430, 2024
Non‐Type 2 and Mixed Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Lower Airway Disease
Authors: Heffernan Austin , Shafiee Amir , Chan Teffran , Sparanese Sydney , Thamboo Andrew
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim was to discuss the role of non‐type 2 inflammation in patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and comorbid lower airway disease.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, TRIP Database, ProQuest, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, government and health organizations, and graduate‐level theses.

Review Methods

This scoping review followed PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Search strategy was peer‐reviewed by medical librarians. Studies were included if they utilized airway sampling, non‐type 2 cytokines, and patients with CRS and lower airway disease.

Results

Twenty‐seven from 7060 articles were included. In patients with CRS and comorbid asthma, aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/bronchiectasis, 60% (n = 12), 33% (n = 2), and 100% (n = 1), respectively, demonstrated mixed or non‐type 2 endotypes. Comorbid CRS and asthma produced type 1 (n = 1.5), type 2 (n = 8), type 3 (n = 1), mixed type 1/2 (n = 1), and mixed type 1/2/3 (n = 8.5) endotype shifts. AERD demonstrated type 2 (n = 4), mixed type 2/3 (n = 1), and mixed type 1/2/3 (n = 1) endotype shifts. CRS with COPD or bronchiectasis demonstrated a mixed 1/2 (n = 1) endotype shift.

Conclusion

Type 2 disease has been extensively reviewed due to advent biologics targeting type 2 inflammation, but outcomes may be suboptimal due to the presence of non‐type 2 inflammation. A proportion of patients with CRS and comorbid lower airway disease demonstrated mixed and non‐type 2 endotype shifts. This emphasizes that patients with unified airway disease may have forms of inflammation beyond classical type 2 disease which could inform biologic development. Laryngoscope, 134:1005–1013, 2024
Molecular Factors in Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Key Seraphina , Chia Clemente , Hasan Zubair , Sundaresan Purnima , Riffat Faruque , Dwivedi Raghav C.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor. Although multiple reviews have been published on salivary gland malignancies, it has been a decade since the last dedicated systematic review pertaining to CXPA alone was published. This study examines molecular factors in CXPA diagnosis.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (BIOSIS), Cochrane CENTRAL, Health Collection (Informit), OpenDOAR, and GreyNet International.

Review Methods

Systematic review and meta‐analysis from inception to October 31, 2022 for all English language studies pertaining to “carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.” Predicted incidence of each biomarker was calculated with meta‐analysis. Comparison against pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) when reported within the same study are performed. Risk of bias performed with JBI tool for prevalence studies.

Results

Of 19151 unique studies undergoing abstract screening, 55 studies (n = 1322 patients) underwent data analysis. Biomarkers with >3 studies were p53, HER2, AR, EGFR, PLAG1, ERBB, ER, PR, HMGA2, p16, p63, a‐SMA, RAS, PTEN, PDL1, BRAF, PIK3CA, and c‐kit. Highest incidence was seen in AR, EGFR, p16, and p53. Significant differences were demonstrated compared with PA and SDC. There was high heterogeneity and overall high risk of bias within studies.

Conclusion

Molecular factors are an area of interest in the diagnosis of CXPA. Our study results support examining CXPA as a discrete cohort in future targeted therapy trials. Laryngoscope, 134:1042–1053, 2024