bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New hybrid approach HNSGA-III&SPEA/R: Application to optimization of powertrain mount system stiffness parameters
Authors: Trưởng Nguyễn H , Dao Dinh-Nam
Published: June 2021

In this study, a new methodology, hybrid NSGA-III with SPEA/R (HNSGA-III&SPEA/R), has been developed to design and achieve cost optimization of powertrain mount system stiffness parameters. This problem is formalized as a multi-objective optimization problem involving six optimization objectives: mean square acceleration and mean square displacement of the powertrain mount system. A hybrid HNSGA-III&SPEA/R is proposed with the integration of Strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm based on reference direction for Multi-objective (SPEA/R) and Many-objective optimization genetic algorithm (NSGA-III). Several benchmark functions are tested, and results reveal that the HNSGA-III&SPEA/R is more efficient than the typical SPEA/R, NSGA-III. Powertrain mount system stiffness parameters optimization with HNSGA-III&SPEA/R is simulated respectively. It proved the potential of the HNSGA-III&SPEA/R for powertrain mount system stiffness parameter optimization problem.
The lived experiences of social workers working with refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Cecil David P , Hagues Rachel J , Mansour Rania , Ghanem Aimee , Robbins David E
Published: June 2021

Refugee care in Lebanon

Understanding the lived experiences of social workers.

This mixed methods study examines the status of social work in its response to the refugee crisis within Lebanon, a country with the highest per capita refugee population in the world.

Findings

A structured interview guide and brief ordinal instrument were administered through interviews ( n = 10) and 10 focus groups ( n = 37) ( N = 47). Participants were recruited with the help of Lebanese social work colleagues. We explored professional roles, greatest refugee needs, social worker coping, and recommendations for refugee social work trainers and educators. Qualitative results are presented as themes with examples of direct quotations. Culturally specific services accurately targeting needs are among the major themes identified. Quantitative results, primarily using descriptive statistics and one Pearson’s r correlation statistic, report on participants’ overall stress levels, sense of effectiveness in refugee practice, and connection of faith/religion to motivation for refugee work.

Applications

This work is applied as best practice recommendations for social work education and for front-line training of those in social work roles working with refugees in Lebanon. This work also raises awareness about one of the most critical humanitarian crises in history.
Social workers’ use of critical reflection
Authors: Taiwo Akin
Published: June 2021

This article explores critical reflection as practiced by social workers in the context of their personal and professional privilege. It was found that social workers in direct practice were not invested in critical reflection about oppressive discourses in their consciousness when interacting with clients. Rather, critical reflection often happened in times of crises or when social workers encountered difficult client situations. Using the phenomenological methodology of Van Manen and the social constructionist perspective, I present and discuss the findings of a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews with 20 social workers in direct practice.

Findings

Data analysis indicated that critical reflection is not a priority for direct practice social workers in the context of privilege. Three themes are identified: (1) No time for reflection, (2) Fear of reflection, and (3) Too much reflection. Nevertheless, social workers were still able to reflect alone, with colleagues and with supervisors, and they outlined the benefits of reflection.

Applications

Social work agencies should provide infrastructure for reflection, create an atmosphere for workers to freely discuss challenges and difficulties, and reduce their fear of reprisals from management. This article broadens the idea of phenomenological reflection by Van Manen.
Social Workers’ Impact on Policy Through Regulations: A Case Study of the U.S. Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program
Authors: Beltran Susanny J , Miller Vivian J , Hamler Tyrone
Published: June 2021

Involvement in the political process in the United States is critical for social work professionals, as social policies dictate funding and programming in social work practice. Yet, there is little to no focus given to the regulation writing process in the social work literature in the United States. This article contributes to the scant body of knowledge that addresses the regulatory process from a social work perspective. A brief overview of the regulation writing process is provided, followed by a case study using the regulations for the U.S. Older Americans Act Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program to illustrate the process.

Findings

A total of 85 comments, submitted to the Federal Register docket, were analyzed using content analysis. Findings reveal that comment submissions varied greatly in terms of length, source, and input. Notably, findings indicate low participation from the social work profession.

Application

The open comment period of the regulation writing process offers a free, but effortful, window of opportunity for social workers to engage in post-legislative advocacy. There is a need to support the involvement of the social work profession in the regulation writing process, through practice and training enhancements.
Work placements in the media and creative industries: Discourses of transformation and critique in an era of precarity
Authors: Phillipov Michelle
Published: June 2021

As graduate labour market conditions have become increasingly challenging, higher education institutions have intensified their focus on ‘employability’ via strategies such as work placements. Focusing on work placements in the media and creative industries, this article identifies and analyses three key discourses that animate the pedagogical literature in these sectors: work placements as facilitating a ‘smooth transition’ to the labour market; work placements as a place in which inequalities in the labour market are (re)produced; and work placements as a space for fostering resilience and adaptation to labour market precarity. The article argues that critiques of inequalities based on race, class or gender are marked by a transformative impulse that is largely absent in critiques of those based on worker precarity. This highlights a need to adopt pedagogies that similarly unnaturalise the economic conditions of neoliberal capitalism to discursively (re)construct work in new, more socially just, ways.
Response of educational institutions to COVID-19 pandemic: An inter-country comparison
Authors: Babbar Mansi , Gupta Tushita
Published: June 2021

The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized the education system and forced fundamental changes in the teaching–learning process. The present study aims to explore various modes of education used by educational institutions across the world and provide a holistic understanding of different measures taken by governments and universities to endure the crippling crisis. The radical shift to digital pedagogy followed by online assessments and examinations brought new experiences to both educators and learners. This paper elucidates the extraordinary challenges encountered by various stakeholders in making the required shift to digital learning and the substantial attempts made by educational institutions to minimize learning losses. The paper also presents various opportunities induced by the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the need to develop appropriate mechanisms to deal with such an unforeseen crisis in future. To this effect, some recommendations have been made that may enable educational institutions to eliminate adversities and maintain academic integrity in tempestuous times.
The Impact of SES on Language Domain in Kindergartners’ Quick Interactive Language Screener (QUILS) Performance
Authors: Weiler Brian K. , Decker Allyson L.
Published: June 2021

To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and language domain (vocabulary, syntax, process), the QUILS was administered to 212 kindergartners. Children from very-high poverty schools performed significantly below children from high poverty and mid-low poverty schools. SES impacts language-learning processes (i.e., fast mapping) in addition to language products (i.e., vocabulary, syntax).
Abdominal paracentesis drainage attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier damage through macrophage polarization in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Yuan Xiaohui , Luo Chen , Wu Jun , Li Wei , Guo Xin , Li Shuai , Wang Bing , Sun Hongyu , Tang Lijun
Published: June 2021

Abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD), as an effective treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in clinical settings, can ameliorate intestinal barrier damage and the overall severity of SAP. However, the mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of APD on damaged intestinal mucosal barrier during SAP is still unclear. Here, SAP was induced by injecting 5% Na-taurocholate retrograde into the biliopancreatic duct of rats to confirm the benefits of APD on enteral injury of SAP and further explore the possible mechanism. Abdominal catheter was placed after SAP was induced in APD group. As control group, the sham group received no operation except abdominal opening and closure. By comparing changes among control group, sham group, and APD group, APD treatment obviously lowered the intestinal damage and reduced the permeation of intestinal mucosal barrier, which was evidenced by intestinal H&E staining, enteral expression of tight junction proteins, intestinal apoptosis measurement and detection of serum diamine oxidase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and D-lactic acid. Furthermore, we found that APD polarized intestinal macrophages toward M2 phenotype by the determination of immunofluorescence and western blotting, and this accounts for the benefits of APD for intestinal injury in SAP. Importantly, the protective effect against intestinal injury by APD treatment was mediated through the inhibited ASK1/JNK pathway. In summary, APD improved the intestinal mucosal barrier damage in rats with SAP through an increasing portion of M2 phenotype macrophages in intestine via inhibiting ASK1/JNK pathway.
A Mixed Methods Study of Public Perception of Social Distancing: Integrating Qualitative and Computational Analyses for Text Data
Authors: Ho Pauline , Chen Kaiping , Shao Anqi , Bao Luye , Ai Angela , Tarfa Adati , Brossard Dominique , Brown Lori , Brauer Markus
Published: June 2021

In a rapidly changing public health crisis such as COVID-19, researchers need innovative approaches that can effectively link qualitative approaches and computational methods. In this article, computational and qualitative methods are used to analyze survey data collected in March 2020 ( n = 2,270) to explore the content of persuasive messages and their relationship with self-reported health behavior—that is, social distancing. Results suggest that persuasive messages, based on participants’ perspectives, vary by gender and race and are associated with self-reported health behavior. This article illustrates how qualitative analysis and structural topic modeling can be used in synergy in a public health study to understand the public’s perception and behavior related to science issues. Implications for health communication and future research are discussed.
Prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Zipursky Jonathan S , Thiruchelvam Deva , Redelmeier Donald A
Published: June 2021

Background

Cardiovascular symptoms in pregnancy may be a clue to psychological distress. We examined whether electrocardiogram testing in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of subsequent postpartum depression.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study of pregnant women who delivered in Ontario, Canada comparing women who received a prenatal ECG to women who did not.

Results

In total, 3,238,218 women gave birth during the 25-year study period of whom 157,352 (5%) received an electrocardiogram during prenatal care. Receiving an electrocardiogram test was associated with a one-third relative increase in the odds of postpartum depression (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.29–1.39, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The association between prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression suggests a possible link of organic disease with mental illness, and emphasizes that cardiovascular symptoms may be a clinical clue to the presence of an underlying mood disorder.
The safety of drugs for inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and breastfeeding: the DUMBO registry study protocol of GETECCU
Authors: Chaparro María , Donday María G. , Abad-Santos Francisco , Martín de Carpi Francisco Javier , Maciá-Martínez Miguel Ángel , Montero Dolores , Acosta Diana , Brenes Yanire , Gisbert Javier P.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Active disease during conception and pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes. The use of IBD treatments during pregnancy should be weighed against their adverse effects on the neonate, but longer-term safety data and data on serious infection rates and malignancies postnatally are lacking, particularly for newer drugs, such as tofacitinib, vedolizumab and ustekinumab.

Methods:

This ongoing, prospective registry study being conducted at 70 centres in Spain is enrolling pregnant women who are ⩾18 years, are at any point in pregnancy up to the end of the second trimester and have a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or unclassified IBD. Patients will receive treatment decided independently by their IBD specialist. Each incident gestation will be followed up through pregnancy and the first 4 years postnatally. Three cohorts will be compared: biologicals exposed, immunomodulatory exposed and non-exposed. The primary endpoint is the risk of severe infection in newborns postnatally up to 4 years of age; other endpoints include serious adverse events (SAEs) such as pregnancy and delivery complications, neonatal SAEs, development [Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ3)], and malignancy incidence, up to 4 years of age. IBD specialists will collect maternal data (baseline/end of each trimester/1 month post-delivery), neonatal birth data, and the SAE and ASQ3 data in children exposed during pregnancy, reported every 3 months by the mother. Statistical analysis will include summary statistics for quantitative variables, comparisons of qualitative variables with significance set at p < 0.025 and a binary logistic regression model to determine the risk factors for severe infections.

Results:

Enrolment began in September 2019 and study completion is expected in September 2028.

Conclusions:

This prospective, controlled study will provide evidence on the long-term safety profile in children after intrauterine and lactation exposure to biological and immunomodulatory IBD treatments, including data on postnatal severe infections, development and malignancies.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:

NCT03894228
Return to Play and Performance in Golfers After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does Component Type Matter?
Authors: Tramer Joseph S. , Maier Lindsay M. , Klag Elizabeth A. , Ayoola Ayooluwa S. , Charters Michael A. , North W. Trevor
Published: June 2021

Background:

Golf is a popular sport among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The golf swing requires significant knee rotation, which may lead to changes in golfing ability postoperatively. The type of implant used may alter the swing mechanics or place different stresses on the knee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate golf performance and subjective stability after TKA and compare outcomes between cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) implants.

Hypothesis:

Patients with CR implants will experience better stability during the golf swing compared to patients with PS implants.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary TKA were identified from the medical record and sent an electronic questionnaire focusing on return to play (RTP), performance, pain, and stability during the golf swing. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were collected before and at multiple time points after surgery. Patients were surveyed postoperatively and asked to evaluate overall performance, pain, and stability before and after surgery. Outcomes were compared based on implant type.

Results:

Most patients (81.5%) were able to return to golf at an average of 5.3 ± 3.1 months from surgery. The average postoperative KOOS was 74.6 ± 12.5 in patients able to RTP compared with 64.4 ± 9.5 in those who were not ( P < 0.05). Knee pain during golf significantly improved from 6.4 ± 2.1 to 1.8 ± 2.2 ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in pain, performance, or stability between the CR and PS patients.

Conclusion:

Most patients can successfully return to golfing after TKA. Knee replacement offers patients reliable pain relief during the golf swing and fewer physical limitations during golf, with no detriment to performance. There is no difference in performance or subjective knee stability based on component type.

Clinical Relevance:

Understanding associated outcomes of different TKA knee systems allows for unbiased and confident recommendations of either component to golfers receiving total knee replacement.
Diagnostic Yield of Electroencephalography When Seizure Is Suspected in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: AlGaeed Mohanad , Grewal Manjot , Hareesh Prarthana , Sadeghikhah Soha , Chen Hai , Gholipour Taha , Guerrero Christopher R. Leon
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Seizures are a common complication after an ischemic stroke. Electroencephalography can assist with the diagnosis of seizures however, the diagnostic yield of its use when seizure is suspected in the setting of acute ischemic stroke is unknown. We aim to evaluate the yield and cost of EEG in the acute ischemic stroke setting.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to a single academic tertiary care center in the United States between September 1, 2015 to November 30, 2019 with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and who were monitored on electroencephalography (EEG) for suspected seizures (total number of 70 patients). The primary outcome was how often EEG monitoring changed clinical management defined as starting, stopping, or changing the dose of an anti-epileptic drug. Secondary analysis was estimating the cost of EEG monitoring per change in management.

Results:

We identified 126 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EEG of which 70 met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. EEG monitoring resulted in a change in management in 22 patients (31%). Predictors associated with EEG monitoring resulting in a change in management were admission to the ICU, pre-existing atrial fibrillation, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation. Estimated cost of EEG per change in management was $1374.96 USD.

Conclusion:

EEG monitoring resulted in a changed management in nearly one-third of patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke suspected of having seizures.
Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations: case series and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Tarokhian Aidin , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Dmytriw Adam A , Arjipour Mahdi
Published: June 2021

Background

Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations are rare but important vascular lesions, whose importance lies in both haemorrhage and seizure risk. Although surgery has been recommended as a treatment, the overall estimation of success has not been reported to render outcomes easier to understand in comparison to other treatment modalities.

Objectives

This systematic review of the literature and two cases aims to illustrate the results of surgery as a contemporary treatment option and present a novel anatomical classification system for Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations.

Materials and methods

A systematic review was performed by searching MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane electronic bibliographic databases from conception to 2018. The following keywords were used: ‘Sylvian fissure’ AND ‘AVM’ OR ‘arteriovenous malformation’ OR ‘intracranial arteriovenous malformation’ OR ‘cerebral arteriovenous malformation’ OR ‘brain arteriovenous malformation’. The search strategy was not limited by study design but only included keywords in the English language. In addition, two local institution Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations are presented and incorporated.

Results

A total of nine full-text articles were included in the analysis. The results of reported cases and the literature review emphasise the role of surgery in the treatment of Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations, with an acceptable result in carefully selected patients. We propose a classification system which may inform the choice of surgical approach for these lesions.

Conclusions

Surgery remains the cornerstone of Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformation treatment, which may apply to high-grade lesions in this special anatomical location.
Big Tech platforms in health research: Re-purposing big data governance in light of the General Data Protection Regulation’s research exemption
Authors: Marelli Luca , Testa Giuseppe , Van Hoyweghen Ine
Published: June 2021

The emergence of a global industry of digital health platforms operated by Big Tech corporations, and its growing entanglements with academic and pharmaceutical research networks, raise pressing questions on the capacity of current data governance models, regulatory and legal frameworks to safeguard the sustainability of the health research ecosystem. In this article, we direct our attention toward the challenges faced by the European General Data Protection Regulation in regulating the potentially disruptive engagement of Big Tech platforms in health research. The General Data Protection Regulation upholds a rather flexible regime for scientific research through a number of derogations to otherwise stricter data protection requirements, while providing a very broad interpretation of the notion of “scientific research”. Precisely the breadth of these exemptions combined with the ample scope of this notion could provide unintended leeway to the health data processing activities of Big Tech platforms, which have not been immune from carrying out privacy-infringing and socially disruptive practices in the health domain. We thus discuss further finer-grained demarcations to be traced within the broadly construed notion of scientific research, geared to implementing use-based data governance frameworks that distinguish health research activities that should benefit from a facilitated data protection regime from those that should not. We conclude that a “re-purposing” of big data governance approaches in health research is needed if European nations are to promote research activities within a framework of high safeguards for both individual citizens and society.
Assessment of Kidney Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kliuk-Ben Bassat Orit , Sadon Sapir , Sirota Svetlana , Steinvil Arie , Konigstein Maayan , Halkin Amir , Bazan Samuel , Grupper Ayelet , Banai Shmuel , Finkelstein Ariel , Arbel Yaron
Published: June 2021

Background:

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), although associated with an increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), may also result in improvement in renal function.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of kidney function improvement (KFI) after TAVR and to assess its significance on long-term mortality.

Design:

This is a prospective single center study.

Setting:

The study was conducted in cardiology department, interventional unit, in a tertiary hospital.

Patients:

The cohort included 1321 patients who underwent TAVR.

Measurements:

Serum creatinine level was measured at baseline, before the procedure, and over the next 7 days or until discharge.

Methods:

Kidney function improvement was defined as the mirror image of AKI, a reduction in pre-procedural to post-procedural minimal creatinine of more than 0.3 mg/dL, or a ratio of post-procedural minimal creatinine to pre-procedural creatinine of less than 0.66, up to 7 days after the procedure. Patients were categorized and compared for clinical endpoints according to post-procedural renal function change into 3 groups: KFI, AKI, or preserved kidney function (PKF). The primary endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality.

Results:

The incidence of KFI was 5%. In 55 out of 66 patients patients, the improvement in kidney function was minor and of unclear clinical significance. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19.1%. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a predictor of KFI after multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 0.93 to develop KFI; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.91-0.95, P < .001). Patients in the KFI group had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) score than other groups. Mortality rate did not differ between KFI group and PKF group (43.9% in KFI group and 33.8% in PKF group) but was significantly higher in the AKI group (60.7%, P < .001).

Limitations:

The following are the limitations: heterozygous definitions of KFI within different studies and a single center study. Although data were collected prospectively, analysis plan was defined after data collection.

Conclusions:

Improvement in kidney function following TAVR was not a common phenomenon in our cohort and did not reduce overall mortality rate.
Cost of Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations Among Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chong Christy , Wick James , Klarenbach Scott , Manns Braden , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Ronksley Paul
Published: June 2021

Background:

Prior studies report high hospitalization rates among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and approximately 10% to 20.9% of hospitalizations are potentially preventable.

Objective:

To determine the rate, proportion, and cost of potentially preventable hospitalizations and whether this varied by CKD category.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study using population-based data.

Setting:

Alberta, Canada.

Patients:

All adults with an outpatient serum creatinine measurement between January 1 and December 31, 2017 in the Alberta Kidney Disease Network data repository.

Measurements:

CKD risk categories were based on measures of proteinuria (where available), eGFR, and use of dialysis. Patients were linked to administrative data to capture frequency and cost of hospital encounters and followed until death or end of study (December 31, 2018). The outcomes of interest were the rate and cost of potentially preventable hospitalizations, as identified using the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)-defined ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) algorithm and a CKD-related ACSC algorithm.

Methods:

Unadjusted and adjusted rates per 1000-patient years, proportions, and cost attributable to preventable hospitalizations were identified for the cohort as a whole and for patients within each CKD risk category.

Results:

Of the 1,110,895 adults with eGFR and proteinuria measurements, 181,422 had CKD. During a median follow-up of 1 year, there were 62,023 hospitalizations among patients with CKD resulting in a total cost of $946 million CAD; 6907 (11.1%) of these hospitalizations were for CIHI-defined ACSCs while 4323 (7.0%) were for CKD-related ACSCs. Adjusted rates of hospitalization for ACSCs increased with CKD risk category and were highest among patients treated with dialysis. Among CKD patients, the total cost of potentially preventable hospitalizations was $79 million and $58 million CAD for CIHI-defined and CKD-related ACSCs (8.4% and 6.2% of total hospitalization cost, respectively).

Limitations:

Based on the ACSC construct, we were unable to determine if these hospitalizations were truly preventable.

Conclusions:

Potentially preventable hospitalizations have a substantial cost and burden on the health care system among people with CKD. Effective strategies that reduce preventable admissions among CKD patients may lead to significant cost savings.

Trial registration:

Not applicable—observational study design
Osteoid osteoma of the rib with strong F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose uptake mimicking osteoblastoma: a case report with literature review
Authors: Ishikura Yuka , Yoshida Rika , Yoshizako Takeshi , Kishimoto Kouji , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Maruyama Riruke , Kitagaki Hajime
Published: June 2021

Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic bone lesion, characterized by nocturnal pain alleviated by salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This tumor distinctly affects the long bones, typically the femur or tibia and is rarely located in the ribs. Usually, this tumor is usually diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, but F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (FDG-PET)/computed tomography is usually negative and is not used for diagnosis. We recently encountered a case of an osteoid osteoma located in the rib of 44-year-old Asian male with strong FDG uptake as high as 12.0 at the maximum standardized uptake value at FDG-PET/computed tomography. His computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed osteosclerosis, bone marrow edema, and edema of surrounding tissues not only in the bone with nidus but also in the adjacent bone, and pathological findings showed strong infiltration munched radiology. Strong FDG uptake mimicking osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteoma with strong FDG uptake suggested a strong inflammatory response.
Collaborative Learning in Makerspaces: A Grounded Theory of the Role of Collaborative Learning in Makerspaces
Authors: Oswald Kolja , Zhao Xiaokang
Published: June 2021

Makerspaces are a relatively new phenomenon that seem to create an innovative environment for individuals to work on projects and learn about technology. This article presents a grounded theory study, which investigates the impact that makerspaces have on innovation. Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology is used to research this exploratory topic. The data sample consists of 16 interviews of members of a makerspace in Shanghai, China. Data analysis was conducted abiding by Strauss and Corbin’s coding framework, entailing open coding, axial coding, and selective coding as well as coding tools, such as the coding paradigm and the conditional matrix. Collaborative learning was identified as the core phenomenon of this research, and The Collaborative Learning and its Outcomes Theory was created. The emergent theory contributes to the understanding of how makerspaces impact outcomes, such as innovation and venture creation, as well as explain how collaborative learning in conjunction with other modes of learning can facilitate learning at various complexities. As such, this study’s contributions are in developing the theoretical understanding of makerspaces as well as collaborative learning. It offers managerial and pedagogical implications that can help create learning environments where collaborative learning is fostered.
Valence–Instrumentality–Expectancy Model of Motivation as an Alternative Model for Examining Ethical Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Osafo Emmanuel , Paros Amy , Yawson Robert M.
Published: June 2021

Incessant occurrences of character failure of people in leadership positions that have characterized organizations in recent years call for critical examination of leadership behaviors. The Social Learning Theory and Trickle-Down Model are some of the common approaches previously used to analyze ethical leadership behaviors. However, the challenges with how these models inspire ethical behaviors call for further examination of the issue. Using a multidisciplinary integrative literature review, we present Vroom’s Valence–Instrumentality–Expectancy (VIE) Model of Motivation as an alternative model for examining ethical leadership behaviors. The VIE Model provides clarity regarding how leaders are motivated to behave ethically. We utilize ideas from the VIE model in conjunction with Starratt’s Three-Step Approach to develop a unique framework for examining ethical leadership behaviors. Our model highlights the importance of a leader’s values in creating organizational ethical values that eventually translate into professional ethical values. Using the motivational approach to inspire ethical leadership will drive organizational members to internalize ethical behavior as a conviction rather than complying with a set rule.
Analysing the Moderating Effects of Product Involvement and Endorsement Type on Consumer Buying Behaviour: An Empirical Study on Youth Perspective
Authors: Chavadi Chandan Andanesh , Sirothiya Monika , Vishwanatha M.R.  , Yatgiri Prashant V.
Published: June 2021

As Indian youths have more choices than ever before and purchase products that define them, it becomes necessary for marketers and companies to explore youth behavioural responses. Film celebrities, sports icons, and fictional celebrities influence youths through their status and achievements. Celebrity influence on youth is four times more than their influence on the baby boomer generation, and youthful shoppers evaluate ads more than grown-ups do. Given the battle between celebrity and Mascot for brand endorsement, marketers have an increased interest in examining the differential effect of endorsers and product involvement’s potent effects on youth attitude and purchase intentions.

This study has used an experimental design to assess the advertisement effectiveness. The endorser has three levels (i.e. Bollywood celebrity, sports celebrity and mascot) and product involvement had two levels (low vs high involvement, non-food products). Product involvement was used as a moderating variable and was found to enhance the impact of endorsements. The current research also assessed the interaction effect of endorsement and product involvement. This study was conducted on undergraduate and postgraduate students and has used six print ads. The study’s findings revealed that all the paths from endorsement type and product involvement to AaD, AB and PI are found significant. The interaction effects of endorsement type and product involvement significantly predict attitude towards the brand and purchase intentions. The outcomes of this study add value to the body of knowledge and discuss managerial implications.
Autistic adults’ experiences of diagnostic disclosure in the workplace: Decision-making and factors associated with outcomes
Authors: Romualdez Anna Melissa , Walker Zachary , Remington Anna
Published: June 2021

Autistic individuals often struggle to find and maintain employment. This may be because many workplaces are not suited to autistic individuals’ needs. Among other difficulties, many autistic employees experience distracting or disruptive sensory environments, lack of flexibility in work hours, and unclear communication from colleagues. One possible way of mitigating these difficulties is for employees to disclose their diagnosis at work. While disclosure may increase understanding and acceptance from colleagues, it can also lead to discrimination and stigma in the workplace. Research has shown that disclosure outcomes are often mixed, but it is unclear what factors are associated with either positive or negative outcomes of disclosure for autistic people. This study aimed to identify these factors and explore the reasons why autistic employees choose to disclose or to keep their diagnosis private. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 clinically-diagnosed autistic adults (12 male and 12 female) who were currently, or had been, employed in the UK (mean age = 45.7 years). Through thematic analysis, we identified three main themes under experiences of disclosure: 1) A preference for keeping my diagnosis private; 2) The importance of disclosure in the workplace; and 3) Disclosure has mixed outcomes. We also identified three factors associated with disclosure outcomes: understanding of autism, adaptations, and organisational culture. These results have implications for improving inclusive practices on both the individual and organisational level to ensure more positive disclosure experiences for autistic employees.
Arthroscopic Posterior Ankle Ligament Anatomy
Authors: Ferkel Richard D. , Kwong Cory , Farac Randall , Pinto Mark , Fahimi Nader , Rahhal Scott , Marumoto Jay
Published: June 2021

Background:

The purpose of this article is to document the normal arthroscopic appearance of the posterior ankle capsular and ligamentous structures, and variations in their anatomical relationships.

Methods:

102 ankle arthroscopy videotapes were evaluated retrospectively for the configuration of the posterior capsuloligamentous structures. Based on these observations, the variations in the appearance and position of the posterior tibiofibular ligament (PTFL) and transverse (tibiofibular) ligament (TTFL) were documented. In addition, differences in the appearance of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) were also noted.

Results:

All patients had evidence of both a PTFL and TTFL, which formed a labrum or meniscus-like addition to the posterior distal tibia. No patients demonstrated disruption of the PTFL; 3 had tears of the TTFL. We noted 4 distinct patterns of the PTFL and the TTFL. Thirty-four patients (33%) had a gap of ≥2 mm between the 2 ligamentous structures. Thirty-three (32.4%) had a gap <2 mm between the PTFL and TTFL. Twenty-six (25.5%) had a confluence of the 2 ligaments without a gap. Nine (9%) demonstrated a sizable gap between the 2 ligaments, and the TTFL appeared as a “cord-like” structure.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first article to describe the variations in the arthroscopic normal posterior capsuloligamentous structures and FHL of the ankle.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Quantification and Comparison of Talar Exposure Utilizing a Posteromedial Approach and Medial Malleolar Osteotomy
Authors: Donahue Jeffrey , Shofoluwe Ademola , Krautmann Kurt , Grau-Cruz Emilio , Becher Stephen , Bruggers Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Background:

Fractures of the talus are a rare but challenging injury. This study sought to quantify the area of osseous exposure afforded by a posteromedial approach to the talus and medial malleolar osteotomy.

Methods:

Five fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected using a posteromedial approach and medial malleolar osteotomy respectively. Following exposure, the talar surfaces directedly visualized were marked and captured using a calibrated digital image. The digital images were then analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) to calculate the surface area of the exposure.

Results:

The average square area of talus exposed using the posteromedial approach was 9.70 cm2 (SD = 2.20, range 7.20-12.46). The average quantity of talar exposure expressed as a percentage was 9% (SD = 1.58, range 7.03-10.40). The average square area of talus exposed using a medial malleolar osteotomy was 14.32 cm2 (SD = 2.00, range 11.26-16.66). The average quantity of talar exposure expressed as a percentage was 12.94% (SD = 1.79, range 9.97-14.73). The posteromedial approach provided superior visualization of the posterior talus, whereas the medial malleolar osteotomy offered greater access to the medial body.

Conclusion:

The posteromedial approach and medial malleolar osteotomy allow for significant exposure of the talus, yielding 9.70 and 14.32 cm2, respectively. Given the differing portions of the talus exposed, surgeons may prefer to use the posteromedial approach for operative fixation of posterior process fractures and elect to use a medial malleolar osteotomy in cases requiring more extensive medial and distal exposure for neck or neck/body fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Non-Surgical and Surgical Treatment Modalities in the Management of Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Egbunah Uchenna P. , Adekunle Adegbayi A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L.
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To answer the question of “how effective are non-surgical treatment modalities in the management of oral cancer, and can they serve as viable alternatives to surgical intervention?” Method: We conducted systematic searches for Randomized Controlled Trials and Controlled Clinical Trials in PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and OpenGrey databases. The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were also searched for ongoing and past studies. Identified studies were retrieved and assessed for relevance. Outcome measures: The primary outcomes assessed in the trials included any combination of overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional control, and recurrence. While secondary outcomes considered were complications of treatment, participants’ satisfaction, costs to participants and health services, and quality of life. Results: Only 5 studies met all inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative analysis. Two studies comparing radiotherapy with surgery, 1 compared chemoradiotherapy with surgery, and 2 compared brachytherapy with surgery. Conclusion: Based on results from this review, surgery is the mainstay of treatment of non-HPV-associated oral cancer and should always be considered unless surgical intervention is contraindicated. Primary radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be instituted as non-surgical alternatives when surgery is contraindicated on the condition that clinicians follow the NCCN guidelines.
Extraction and application of cellulose microfibers from Washingtonia palm as a reinforcement of starch film
Authors: Sajid Laila , Azmami Oussama , Ahmadi Zakia EL , Benayada Abbès , Boukhriss Aicha , Majid Sanaa , Gmouh Said
Published: June 2021

This work aims to optimize the industrial extraction conditions of cellulose microfibers (CMFs) from Washingtonia palm fiber for application in starch bio-composite films. The CMF extraction was a mixed process that combines caustic soda treatment with hydrogen peroxide bleaching in a stirred thermostatic bath. To study the yield, whiteness index and α-cellulose content, three variables were selected; NaOH and H2O2 concentrations and treatment time. The optimum was determined using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach for samples treated for 70 min with 5.21% NaOH and 5.54% H2O2. The optimized CMF was used to produce Starch/CMF bio-composite films with higher mechanical and barrier performance, which increased by 300% and 31%, respectively. Moreover, its moisture absorption and water solubility decreased by about 24% and 26%, respectively after adding 20 wt% CMF. In fact, morphological results showed that the higher CMF in the Starch/CMF20 leads to the heterogeneous CMF distribution and agglomerates resulting in weakened starch films. As a result, the extracted CMF can be a competitive nanofabrication filler.
Efficacy of venetoclax plus rituximab for relapsed CLL: 5-year follow-up of continuous or limited- duration therapy
Authors: Ma Shuo , Seymour John F. , Brander Danielle M. , Kipps Thomas J. , Choi Michael Y. , Anderson Mary Ann , Humphrey Kathryn , Al Masud Abdullah , Pesko John , Nandam Ruby , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Chyla Brenda , Arzt Jennifer , Jacobson Amanda , Kim Su Young , Roberts Andrew W.
Published: June 2021

We report long-term follow-up of the phase 1b study of venetoclax and rituximab (VenR) in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including outcomes with continuous or limited-duration therapy. Patients received venetoclax daily (200-600 mg) and rituximab over 6 months and then received venetoclax monotherapy. Patients achieving complete response (CR), CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi), or undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) assessed by flow cytometry (<10−4 cutoff) were allowed, but not required, to discontinue therapy, while remaining in the study and could be retreated with VenR upon progression. Median follow-up for all patients (N = 49) was 5.3 years. Five-year rates (95% CI) for overall survival, progression-free survival, and duration of response were 86% (72-94), 56% (40-70), and 58% (40-73), respectively. Of the 33 deep responders (CR/CRi or uMRD), 14 remained on venetoclax monotherapy (continuous therapy), and 19 stopped venetoclax therapy (limited-duration therapy) after a median of 1.4 years. Five-year estimates of ongoing response were similar between continuous (71%; 95% CI, 39-88) or limited-duration therapy (79% [49-93]). Six of 19 patients in the latter group had subsequent disease progression, all >2 years off venetoclax (range, 2.1-6.4). Four patients were retreated with VenR, with partial responses observed in the 3 evaluable to date. VenR induced deep responses that were highly durable with either continuous or limited-duration therapy. Retreatment with VenR induced responses in patients with CLL progression after discontinuing therapy. Continuous exposure to venetoclax in deep responders does not appear to provide incremental benefit.
Durable remissions following combined targeted therapy in patients with CLL harboring TP53 deletions and/or mutations
Authors: Cramer Paula , Tausch Eugen , von Tresckow Julia , Giza Adam , Robrecht Sandra , Schneider Christof , Fürstenau Moritz , Langerbeins Petra , Al-Sawaf Othman , Pelzer Benedikt W. , Fink Anna Maria , Fischer Kirsten , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Eichhorst Barbara , Kneba Michael , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Hallek Michael
Published: June 2021

Fifty-one of 189 evaluable patients from 3 prospective phase 2 trials evaluating a sequential targeted treatment had high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with a 17p deletion, TP53 mutation, or both. Twenty-seven patients started treatment with bendamustine debulking before induction and maintenance treatment, which was ibrutinib/ofatumumab (IO) in 21 patients, ibrutinib/obinutuzumab (IG) in 13, and venetoclax/obinutuzumab (AG) in 17. The primary end point was overall response rate after 8 months of induction treatment, which was 81%, 100%, and 94% for IO, IG, and AG, respectively. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was undetectable (uMRD) in peripheral blood (<10−4 by flow cytometry) in 0%, 23%, and 82% of patients, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 45 months. Seventeen patients discontinued maintenance treatment due to uMRD: 9 progressed, 2 died without progression (median PFS, 28 months after discontinuation of treatment), and 6 remained in remission after a median observation time of 46 months (range, 6-47 months) after treatment discontinuation. Thus, MRD-guided fixed-duration therapies combining obinutuzumab with venetoclax or ibrutinib can induce deep and durable remissions in CLL patients with high-risk genetic lesions, which can persist after treatment discontinuation (due to a predefined fixed-duration or MRD-guided early termination). The median PFS was 45 months. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02345863, #NCT02401503, and #NCT02689141.