bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curriculum development in science - past, present and future
Authors: E. Childs Peter
Published: March 2020

Science only became a recognised school subject at the end of the 19th century. The study of science subjects remained an elitist pursuit until the mid-late 20th century, but it is now seen as a core subject in many countries, especially in the junior secondary cycle. Since the 1950s there have been major reforms in science education – in the USA, UK and other countries – with a shift away from a focus on content and prescribed practical work, to emphases on inquiry (thinking and working like scientists) and the social aspects of science (in the STS and context-based movements) and on the nature of science (history and philosophy of science). The talk will trace the evolution of the school science curriculum, with a focus on the UK and Ireland, and in particular the changing fortunes of discovery/inquiry science, whose latest incarnation – inquiry-based science education IBSE), is currently in vogue, particularly in Europe. Different science curricula have had different balances between the needs of science and scientists, of students, and of society. In addition, there have been at least three main paradigms underlying school science curricula:the facts and concepts of science (content);the nature and processes of science (conduct or process);the applications of science in society (context).Modern curricula rightly consider that all these aspects are important, although each one has produced its own version of school science, where its emphasis is dominant. The prevailing trend is to integrate all three aspects into science curricula, whether as combined science or single sciences, designed both for the needs of future science specialists and for citizens. Apart from the social and economic demands on science curricula to deliver benefits for society and the economy, the other major influence in the last 40 years or so has been the growth of science education research, and the demand that reforms in science curricula and classroom practice be evidence-based.
Conditions of implementation of an inductive learning sequence about the periodic table in high school chemistry
Authors: Trudel Louis , Métioui Abdeljalil
Published: March 2020

In chemistry education, understanding the structure and role of the Periodic Table has been linked to subsequent learning of key concepts such as the properties of chemical elements. However, the way teachers introduce the Periodic Table to high school students is mostly traditional, students learning to use it to predict properties of elements according to given rules (Ben-Zvi & Grenut, 2007). Such a way to proceed does not allow students to engage in authentic science activities. Thus our research pursues two main objectives. The first one is to conceive a learning sequence to engage students in activities where they have to propose their hypotheses and verify them against data. The second one is to study the condition of implementation of this learning sequence in high school chemistry course. The experimentation took place with 14 adult learners who followed a high school chemistry course in two successive periods of two hours each in an adult learning center. To study the implementation of the learning sequence, the main researcher held a research diary where he recorded his observations on the sequence of events. In it, he also wrote his reflections about the observed events and established links between his observations and the theoretical framework of the present research (Altrichter & Holly, 2005). Our results point out that the sequence engages students in developing the classifications as well as find arguments to test them as they discuss their ideas in small groups and later expose them during classroom discussion. We also discuss conditions of implementation, such as the importance of providing a way to register all the contributions of each team to help sharing and examining the various hypotheses. One key aspect concerns the ability of the teacher to find the proper balance between supporting students’ process of categorization while not interfering with it. As a conclusion, we discuss the advantages and the limits of the research and made suggestions for future research.
Ympäristökasvatusta Rokua Geoparkissa
Authors: Pellikka Anne , Kiuttu Mikko
Published: March 2020

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kartoittaa aineenopettajaopiskelijoiden kokemuksia ympäristökasvatuksen teemapäivän toteuttamisesta Rokua Geoparkiin kuuluvalla Liimanninkoskella, Muhoksella. Suurin osa teemapäivän toteutukseen osallistuneista aineenopettajaopiskelijoista oli maantieteen tai biologian pääaineopiskelijoita. Mukana oli myös matematiikan, englantilaisen ja germaanisen filologian sekä historian aineenopettajaopiskelijoita. Opiskelijat toteuttivat ympäristökasvatuksen teemapäivän korostaen Liimanninkosken paikallista bio- ja geodiversiteettiä. Kohderyhmänä oli Muhoksen yläkoulun 8. luokkalaiset. Tulokset osoittavat, että mieleenpainuvinta aineenopettajaopiskelijoille oli oppilaiden innostus ja kiinnostus ympäristöä kohtaan. Lisäksi aineenopettajaopiskelijat kokivat onnistuneensa teemapäivän toteutuksessa etenkin aikataulutuksen ja vastuualueiden jakamisessa sekä oppilaiden innostamisessa ja osallistamisessa. Haastavaksi puolestaan koettiin oppilaiden innostaminen sekä päivän aikana vallinnut sateinen sää. Tulokset osoittavat, että aineenopettajaopiskelijat kokivat ympäristökasvatuksen teemapäivän toteuttamisen pääsääntöisesti myönteisenä.
Matematiikan opettajankoulutuksen arviointipohjainen kehittäminen
Authors: Koponen Mika , Asikainen Mervi , Viholainen Antti , Hirvonen E Pekka
Published: March 2020

Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) opettajantiedon mallin mukaan opettajat tarvitsevat kuudenlaista tietoa matematiikan opettamisessa. Selvitimme kyselytutkimuksen avulla opettajankouluttajien (N=19) ja työssä olevien matematiikanopettajien (N=101) näkemyksiä Itä-Suomen yliopiston matematiikan opettajankoulutusohjelman kehittämisen perustaksi. Kyselyn suunnittelussa ja aineiston analysoinnissa hyödynsimme MKT-mallin osa-alueita. Tulosten perusteella valtaosa opettajankouluttajista koki, että heidän opettamansa kurssit eivät parhaalla mahdollisella tavalla tue opettajankoulutuksen tavoitteita, esimerkiksi opetussisältöjen osalta. Monet työssä olevat matematiikanopettajat näkivät asian samalla tavoin. Heidän mukaansa matemaattisten sisältöjen opetuksen painopisteenä on niin sanottu puhdas matematiikka (Common Content Knowledge), joskin myös siinä oli pieniä puutteita. Useat työssä olevat matematiikan opettajat esittivät, että koulutusohjelman tulisi sisältää nykyisten sisältöjen lisäksi opettajan työn kannalta tärkeää erityistä matemaattista tietoa (Specialized Content Knowledge). Vastanneiden opettajien mielestä ainelaitoksen opintoja tulisi eriyttää tulevien opettajien ja tulevien matemaatikoiden osalta. Artikkelissamme saatuja tuloksia käsitellään ainelaitoksen toiminnan näkökulmasta, samoin kerromme millaisia kehittämistoimenpiteitä tehtyjen johtopäätösten pohjalta on jo toteutettu.
Didaktinen fysiikka opettajankoulutusta suuntaamassa
Authors: Koponen Ismo , Nousiainen Maija
Published: March 2020

Helsingin yliopiston Fysiikan laitoksella annettava aineenopettajan koulutus keskittyy opettajien aineenhallinan syventämiseen ja se perustuu didaktisen fysiikan tutkimukseen. Didaktinen fysiikka puolestaan on fysiikkaan kuuluva tutkimuksen ja opetuksen ala, joka keskittyy fysiikan käsitteiden, käsiterakenteiden ja niiden kehittymiseen liittyvien piirteiden tutkimukseen. Didaktiseen fysiikkaan nojautuva fysiikan opettajankoulutus hyödyntää tätä tietoa fysiikan opetuksen suunnittelussa ja toteutuksessa. Didaktisen fysiikan tavoitteena on fysiikan opetuksen kehittäminen siten, että opetus ja oppiminen olisivat mahdollisimman lähellä sitä, millaisena fysiikka tieteenä näyttäytyy. Didaktisen fysiikan tutkimuksen ”tuotteita” ovat opetuksellisten lähestymistapojen mallit, erityiset didaktiset sovellukset, opetuksessa käytettävät työskentelymenetelmät, kurssisuunnitelmat ja oppimateriaalit.
Science teachers’ ICT use from a viewpoint of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK)
Authors: Helppolainen Satu , Aksela Maija
Published: March 2020

In order to develop science teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPCK), a better understanding of how teachers use ICT in classroom practice is needed. This paper examines Finnish chemistry teachers, knowledge, skills and beliefs on using ICT in education in comparison to other science teachers. The study shows that chemistry teachers have positive beliefs of using ICT and computers as a tool for teaching and learning. Teachers’ earlier training in the use of ICT had increased their beliefs towards using ICT. The study shows that, in general, teachers have a good basic ICT skills, but lack skills to integrate ICT into education, due to a lack of technological content knowledge (TCK) and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK). The results show that teachers especially lack knowledge on subject-specific software, such as modelling software. The results suggest that chemistry teachers need more ICT-training from the viewpoint of TPK and TCK in order to help them get ideas and materials that can be directly applied to classroom practice, and to acquire experience to develop their own TPCK. The results give implications on how science teachers’ in-service training can be developed.
KEY-kehittämishanke yhdistää kivet, energian ja ympäristön
Authors: Liukko Kaisa , Sipiläinen Tarja
Published: March 2020

LUMA-keskus Saimaan KEY-kehityshankkeessa koululaiset tutustuvat kiviin, energiaan ja ympäristöön. Minä Vaikuttaja! – osuus innostaa ottamaan haltuun kestävän kehityksen periaatteita ja toimintatapoja. Yläkoululaiset herätellään pohtimaan omia valintojaan ja tekemään arjessa pieniä valintoja kestävän kehityksen puolesta. Harjoitukset on jaoteltu kahteen teemaan: energian säästäminen ja vastuullinen kuluttaminen. Kiehtovat kivet – osuudessa innostetaan perehtymään kiviin ja kivialaan. Osuudessa toteutetaan kaksi erilaista kaupunkisuunnistusta kohderyhminä esi- ja alkuopetsu sekä yläkoulun 9.luokka. Kaupunkisuunnistus tutustuttaa koululaisia kivien maailmaan, tuo näkyväksi kiven käyttöä mm. rakennusmateriaalina ja kertoo kivialan ammateista.
Koulusta työelämään
Authors: Siltanen Anni
Published: March 2020

Uudessa OPS:ssa painotetaan yhä enemmän erilaisten oppimisympäristöjen ja työelämätaitojen merkitystä. Yritysten ja oppilaitosten välinen yhteistyö on yksi tapa vastata tähän tarpeeseen. Tässä artikkelissa keskustellaan siitä, miten työelämään liittyviä asioita tulisi tuoda esille myös opetuksessa.
Opeta roboteilla
Authors: Leino Markku
Published: March 2020

Käsillätekeminen ja kokeileminen on erinomainen tapa oppia. Konstruktionismin isä Seymour Papert kehitti opetusrobotteja ja Logo-kieltä jo 1960-luvulta alkaen, ja tämän tutkimuksen tuloksena syntyivät mm. legorobotit MIT:n medialaboratoriossa. Tässä artikkelissa esitellään miten robootteja voi käyttää opetuksen tukena.
Siivouskemian haasteet puhtauspalveluissa
Authors: Tuula Suontamo
Published: March 2020

Puhtaus on meille kaikille monella tapaa tuttu käsite. Tiedämme, että puhtaus on terveyden tekijä, olipa kysymys sitten elintarvikkeista, ympäristöstä tai meistä ihmisistä itsestämme. Elintarvikkeiden puhtautta valvotaan, ympäristön saastumista yritetään vähentää ja pidämme huolta sekä omasta henkilökohtaisesta hygieniastamme että kotiemme siisteydestä. Edellytämme myös, että julkiset tilat ja ennen kaikkea oma työpaikkamme on puhdas ja viihtyisä. Kiinteistöjen homeongelmat ovat puhuttaneet suomalaisia viime vuosina kiivaasti. Keskusteluissa on noussut esiin myös puutteellisen siivouksen, lähinnä tilojen pölyisyyden aiheuttama oireilu. Myös kosketuspintojen puhtaus puhututtaa. Tutkimuksiakin asian tiimoilta on tehty. Mikä julkisten tilojen siivouksessa sitten oikein mättää? Eikö siivouskemia enää toimi? Tekstini keskiössä on puhtauspalveluala ja tämän päivän siivoukseen ja siivouskemiaan kohdistuvat haasteet.
Gene expression of the Interleukin 6 signal transducer, IL6ST (gp130) associates with survival outcomes in breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2020

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death for women in the United States (1). The central reason women die from breast cancer is metastasis, or spread of cancer from the breast to foreign sites such as the bones, liver, brain and lungs (2). We integrated independent microarray datasets, one containing transcriptome data from primary tumors of the breast (3), and the other containing transcriptome data from metastases from women with breast cancer (4), each of which possess survival data associated with the patient from which each tumor or metastasis sample was obtained. By comparing tumor transcriptome data based on survival outcomes, we found that gene encoding the Interleukin 6 signal transducer, IL6ST, gp130 (5), was among the genes whose expression was most different between patients who survived greater or less than 18 months. In both primary tumors of the breast and in metastases, IL6ST was expressed at significantly higher levels in women who survived greater than 18 months. These data are consistent with a role for IL6ST as a biomarker, or prognostic indicator (6-8) to help predict which women can benefit from more or less intensive treatment regimens based on prediction of metastasis; moreover, IL6ST may be fundamentally linked with tumor progression and tumor aggressiveness highlighting potential for IL6ST as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
GAYA HIDUP KRISTEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MASA DEPAN
Authors: Demmatande Yuliana
Published: March 2020

Gaya hidup Zaman modern ini kadangkala tidak sesuai dengan gaya hidup Kristen, sehingga banyak orang mengambil keputusan tanpa memikirkan apa konsekuensi, atau apakah akan menjamin masa depan yang baik. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya hidup Kristen dalam pengambilan keputusan dan gaya hidup Kristen yang mempengaruhi masa depan yang baik. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini bagaimana gaya hidup Kristen yang baik dalam pengambilan keputusan?. Dan kedua gaya hidup Kristen untuk masa depan yang baik. Metode penelitian adalah metode kualitatif yakni dengan melihat realitas yang terjadi pada zaman ini kebanyakan memiliki gaya hidup yang berfoya-foya tanpa memikirkan masa depan dan apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. gaya hidup kristen akan mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang baik untuk masa depan yang baik pula.
Strategi Promosi Produk dan Jasa Lembaga Keuangan Syariah di Bumi Mandailing Natal
Authors: isa muhammad isa
Published: March 2020

Indonesia seharusnya menjadi pusat pengembangan industri perbankan syariah terbesar karena merupakan negara berpenduduk muslim terbesar di dunia. Mandailing Natal merupakan Kabupaten dengan penduduk mayoritas muslim di Sumatera Utara. Strategi pemasaran dan promosi produk dan jasa bank syariah di wilayah ini selain dengan metode yang biasa perlu juga diintensifkan dengan pendekatan budaya lokal antara lain pemberdayaan pengajian/perwiridan, majelis taklim dan mengoptimalkan peran aparat desa/tokoh masyarakat serta pengurus masjid yang ada.
Tugas 1 Winny Fajarny Suhada Ramzah (Administrasi Pendidikan)
Authors: Ramzah Winny Fajarny Suhada
Published: March 2020

Education is a process of learning knowledge skills and habits of human groups that are passed down from one generation to another carried out comprehensively and systematically. As an educational process effort so students actively develop their potential to have spiritual strength,personality,intelligence and self development. First, researcher found teorie-theories of experts, then making the conclusion of it, continued to communicate and eventually make the research based on new information. The education results in the analysis of education is all those of education adn facilitoes used in terms of education relation according to the policies of which have been estavlished to achieve seefesien education and the seefestive may, which includes the defenition of education in education, the importance of administration of education and purpose of the administration of education, it can be concluded that education and education administration concept couldn’t be separated one from another. In every education process, there will be a need of education administration. Education done without good and reliable education administration will not achieve its glorious purposes, which is the human welfare.
Cycle decomposition for the permutations of an infinite set
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: March 2020

We present two cycle decompositions for the permutations of an infinite set.
CALCULATION OF COST OF PRODUCTION USING FULL COSTING METHOD IN PT ALBASIA JAYA SUKABUMI DISTRICT
Authors: naryono endang
Published: March 2020

Indonesia has a large forest area with various types of trees and causes entrepreneurs to process these natural resources which use the results for wood processing industry for wood industry companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the analysis of the calculation of the cost of production per cubic meter flooring with the cost of production method of the full costing approach, and to find out the total cost of production that can be absorbed in each production department. The type of data in this study is qualitative data and quantitative data both primary data and secondary data as supporting data. The data source is taken from company reporting and documentation, as well as the available files relating to the cost of flooring production per cubic meter (m3) of PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency. The data analysis method used is to analyze each note, documentation and report then described. For the purposes of analysis and discussion, the authors use a cost accounting analysis tool by carrying out a classification of costs on the basis of the basic functions that exist in the company and determine the cost of production with a full costing approach. That the total cost of production according to PT. Albasia Jaya Sukabumi Regency is IDR 435,747,835.44 whereas according to the full costing method treatment is IDR 433,046,198.86 this means that there is a difference that must be corrected as much as IDR (2,701,638.58). Then for the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Bengkirai flooring according to PT. Albasia Jaya in the amount of Rp 1,188,403.88 while according to the full costing method of Rp 1,181,035.09 this means that there is a difference in the basic price per cubic meter (m3) of Rp (7,368.79). The difference was caused by differences in the calculation of lost products at the end of the process according to PT Albasia Jaya of Rp. 22,969,532.98 while according to the full costing method of Rp. 25,550,092.30. That in accordance with the hypothesis stated above, the PT Albasia Jaya cost of goods manufactured report is acceptable.
PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN GANDA DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA POLISI WANITA DI POLRESTA PADANG
Authors: Ismiati Nur , Zusmawati
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of dual role conflict and work stress on Police performance in Police Padang, independent variables of this research are dual role conflict and work stress, while the dependent variable is the performance of female police. The population used in this research is married female police, the sample of this research are 63 respondents and the technique used is Pusposive Sampling (sampling based on Criteria or certain conditions). The analysis used in this research includes validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multicollinearity test, heterokedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient, hypothesis testing which includes t test, F test, and determination coefficient (R2). Partially indicates that dual role conflict has no significant effect on the performance of female police officers. While work stress has a significant positive effect on the performance of female police. Therefore, to improve the performance of women police work stress needs to be managed optimally by providing appropriate workload.
Review Jurnal
Authors: Tonis Tersia Anida
Published: March 2020

Review artikel jurnal ini dibuat dalam rangka memenuhi tugas Teologi Perjanjian Baru
TANGGAPAN TERHADAP ARTIKEL JURNAL
Authors: LAK'APU YULMASRIP
Published: March 2020

Tulisan ini adalah tanggapan sederhana terhadap beberapa Jurnal Teologi
REVIEW JURNAL
Authors: ATAUPAH YAKOMINA SINTHIKE
Published: March 2020

Teologi dan Doktrin yang dilihat dari artikel adalah Teologi atau Doktrin Gereja. Gereja adalah objek utama pelaksanaannya misi Kristus yakni kegiatan untuk menyebarluaskan berita Injil (kabar baik). Dalam hal ini Gereja atau orang percaya harus menunaikan akan Amanat Agung Yesus Kristus seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab Injil Mat 28:18-20; yaitu sebagai Gereja atau Orang Percaya harus benar-banar mendalami lalu mengaplikasikan nats ini melalui perbuatan yang nyata sebagai kelanjutan misi Kristus, akan tetapi hal ini tidak mudah karena hambatan dan tantangan akan selalu menjadi cobaan untuk mematahkan semangat didalam melakukan misi.
Space Perception in Augmented Reality: Emerging Recommendations for Tailoring Distance Cues to Virtual Content in Augmented-Reality Applications
Authors: Geuss Michael , Bakdash Jonathan Z , Moore Shannon , Marusich Laura Ranee , Holder Eric , Campanelli Joe
Published: March 2020

Augmented-reality (AR) displays render virtual content overlaid on the real world. AR offers great potential for Soldiers to immediately perceive relevant tactical information without the need to consult a physical map or other reference material, or divert their eyes away from the immediate environment. However, realizing the potential benefits of using AR requires that the conformal subset of virtual content is perceived in the correct physical location. Conformal virtual content must be correctly associated with the physical location, object, or person intended to be augmented. In this report, we provide emerging recommendations aimed at improving spatial perception of virtual content.
Spatially intermixed objects of different categories are parsed automatically
Authors: Khvostov Vladislav , Lukashevich Anton , Utochkin Igor
Published: March 2020

Our visual system is able to separate spatially intermixed objects into different categorical groups (e.g., berries and leaves) using the shape of feature distribution: whether all objects belong to one or several categories depends on whether the distribution has one or several peaks. Here, we tested whether this rapid categorical parsing is automatic or requires attention. We used the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) ERP component known as a marker of automatic sensory discrimination. 20 volunteers (16 female, mean age - 22.7) participated in our study. Loading participants’ attention with a central task, we observed a substantial vMMN response to unattended background changes of categories defined by certain length-orientation conjunctions. Importantly, this occurred only in conditions where the distributions of these features had several peaks and, hence, supported categorical separation. These results suggest that spatially intermixed objects are parsed into distinct categories automatically.
Finding uncommon ground: Extremist online forum engagement predicts integrative complexity
Authors: Gregory Andrew , Piff Paul Kayhan
Published: March 2020

How do interactions with an ideologically extreme online community affect cognition? In this paper, we examine whether engagement with an online neo-Nazi forum is associated with more one-sided, “black and white” thinking. Using naturalistic language data, we examined differences in integrative complexity, a measure of the degree to which people acknowledge and reconcile conflicting ideas and viewpoints. In a large web scraping study (N = 1,892), we tested whether two measures of engagement and interaction with the community are associated with less complex, balanced cognition. Using hierarchical regression modeling, we found that both individuals who had been community members for longer and those who had posted more tended to show less complexity in their language, even when accounting for mean differences between individuals. These findings indicate that ideologically extreme online communities may exacerbate the views of their members and contribute to ever-widening polarized cognitions.
Ideological measurement in social and political psychology
Authors: Harper Craig A.
Published: March 2020

As social psychology undergoes marked changes in its approach to research (e.g., open science practices, and addressing the replication crisis), it is important to undertake a full review of the tools and measures that we have at our disposal. In addition, the growing sense of political and ideological polarization in contemporary western democracies necessitates a coherent and internally consistent approach to studying politically and ideologically sensitive topics. This paper explores the measurement and study of such topics, and posits that claims about (a)symmetries between ideological partisans may be rooted in different measurement approaches. That is, studies (and researchers) who report widespread differences (asymmetries) between partisan liberals and conservatives typically adopt individual difference designs that examine trait-level constructs. In contrast, those who typically report similarities (symmetries) between these groups collect situationally derived data. A more consistent and ecologically valid approach to studying partisan engagement with political topics is advocated, focusing on situational responses to ideologically salient scenarios, rather than placing our focus on results from decontextualized self-report individual difference measures. Underpinning this review are three key assertions. First, that our ideological homogeneity as a field blinds us to hidden biases in our methods. Second, that the aforementioned (a)symmetry camps talk past each other by adopting different epistemological approaches. Third, that addressing these shortcomings can allow us to better conform to the Mertonian norms of communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism. In doing so, we can revive our status as an open, accurate, and reproducible scientific field.
Ethnic and Social Class Discrimination in Education: Experimental Evidence from Germany
Authors: Wenz Sebastian Ernst , Hoenig Kerstin
Published: March 2020

Even though social class is at least as predictive of educational achievement as ethnicity in virtually all developed countries, experimental research on discrimination in education has overwhelmingly focused on the latter. We investigate both ethnic discrimination and social class discrimination by elementary school teachers in Germany. We conceptualize discrimination as causal effects of signals and use directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to disentangle ethnic from social class discrimination. In our experiment, we asked randomly sampled elementary school teachers who teach immigrants to evaluate an essay written by a fourth-grader. Employing a 2x2x3 factorial design, we varied essay quality, child's gender, and ethnic and socioeconomic background using names as stimuli. We do not find evidence for discrimination in grading. However, our findings for teachers’ expectations of children's future performance suggest a discriminatory bias along the lines of both ethnicity and social class. The effect is conditional on essay quality---it only holds true for the better essay. We interpret our findings as evidence for models that highlight situational moderators such as the richness of information and ambiguity---e.g., statistical discrimination---but as evidence against simpler models of ingroup-favoritism or outgroup derogation, e.g., social identity theory or taste discrimination.
Agro-morphological Diversity of High Altitude Bean Landraces in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of Nepal
Authors: Aryal Kamal , Poudel Sushmita , Chaudhary Pashupati , Chaudhary Ram Prasad , Ghimire Krishna Hari , Shrestha Deepa Singh , Joshi Bal Krishna
Published: March 2020

Many varieties of bean are widely grown across diverse agro-ecological zones in Nepal. And opportunities exist for improving the crops and enhancing their resilience to various biotic and abiotic stressors. In this context, an experiment was conducted from June to October 2016 in Khar VDC of Darchula district to study the phenotypic traits of nine landraces of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The bean landraces were planted using randomized complete block design in three sites (Dhamidera, Dallekh and Sundamunda villages), with three replications in each site for their comparative analysis. The study considered the following phenotypic traits: days to emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% pod maturity, number of nodes, pod length, pod width, number of pods, number of seeds per pod and weight and grain yield for 100 seeds. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in the landraces both within and among locations. KA-17-08-FB and KA-17-04-FB were late  flowering (63 and 65 days respectively) compared to other landraces whereas KA-17-07-FB flowered earliest (within 42 days). In all three sites, three landraces namely KA-17-07-FB, KA-17-04-FB and KA-17-06-FB were found to be relatively more resistant to pest and diseases than other landraces. Eight out of nine landraces in Dhamidera and Dallekh villages and seven out of nine in Sundamunda village produced seeds greater than 1.0 t/ha. Among the nine varieties KA-17-02-FB was the highest yielding variety, with an average yield of 3.8 t/ha. This study is useful for identifying suitable landraces for future promotion based on their maturity, grain yield, diseases resistance and other qualitative and quantitative characteristics.
PCR Based Genotyping of Lulu Cattle of Nepal for A1, A2 Type Beta-caseins
Authors: Gorkhali Neena Amatya , Sherpa Chhiring , Budhathoki Nabina , GC Sudarshan , Lama Srijana , Pokharel Prashanna , Pokhrel Bhoj Raj , Sapkota Saroj
Published: March 2020

Lulu is an indigenous breed of cattle (Bos taurus) found in high altitude regions of western Nepal. Population of Lulu cattle has been declining due to introgression with other exotic breeds to increase milk productivity. Here we aimed at finding potential approach for conserving Lulu cattle and its assets by studying the milk contents and investigating which variant of beta-casein protein is present in this breed. Beta caseins are an abundant protein in cow milk with A1 and A2 being the most common genetic variants of this protein. Consumption of A1 type of milk has numerous health-related complications whereas A2 type of milk has numerous human health promoting factors. We used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for determining the A1 and A2 variant of beta casein in Lulu cattle. For performing DNA extraction, we collected (n = 18) blood samples of Lulu from Mustang and (n=17) Nepal Agriculture research council farm. The amplified fragments in 3% agarose at 251bp and 213bp respectively confirmed the presence of both A1 and A2 gene in Lulu; however, A2 was of greater abundance. Our study indicated that Lulu has A2 variant of beta-casein predominantly. The gene frequency of A1A1 is 0, A1A2 is 0.06 and A2A2 is 0.94. We further found that the allele frequency of A1 and A2 is 0.03 and 0.97 respectively. We designed special primer for sequencing CSN2 genes since A2 type beta casein gene was predominantly seen on Lulu. The sequencing result further supports our RFLP result as most of our samples have “C” nucleotide SNP in amplified CSN2 gene sequence. The Chi-square value of the current study is 0.04 which supports Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium inferring that Lulu cattle are still in the pure state, where there is no genetic introgression with the exotic breed for the sake of improvement of productivity.
Nutrient Management for Higher Productivity of Swarna Sub1 under Flash Floods Areas
Authors: Manandhar Sarita , Chaudhary Bedanand , Srivastava Ashish K. , Singh Sudhanshu , Singh Uma Shankar , Haefele Stephan M.
Published: March 2020

Two field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Nepal during 2012 and 2013 to determine the effect of agronomic management on growth and yield of Swarna Sub1 under flash floods. The first experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications; and four different nutrient combinations at nursery as main plots and three age groups of rice seedlings as sub plots. The second experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice; with three post flood nutrient doses at six and 12 days after de-submergence (dad). The experiments were complete submerged at 10 days after transplanting for 12 days. The survival percentage, at 21 dad, was significantly higher in plots planted with 35 (90.25%) and 40 (91.58%) days-old seedlings compared to 30 days-old seedlings (81.75%). Plots with 35 days-old seedlings produced 5.15 t ha-1 with advantage of 18.83% over 30 days-old seedlings. Plots with 100-50-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha at nursery recorded the highest grain filling of 79.41% and grain yield of 5.068 t/ha with more benefit. Post flood application of 20-20 N-K20kg/ha at 6 dad resulted in higher plant survival and taller plants, leading to significantly higher grain yield of 5.183 t/ha and straw yield of 5.315 t/ha. Hence, 35-40 days old seedlings raised with 100-50-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O /ha in nursery and the additional application of20-20 kg N-K2O /ha at 6 dad improved plant survival and enhanced yield of Swarna Sub1 under flash flood conditions. The practice has prospects of saving crop loss with getting rice yield above national average yield leading to enhanced food security in the flood prone areas of Nepal.
Menopausia precoz: ¿La falla ovárica prematura siempre es una menopausia precoz?
Authors: Jaramillo U. Roberto
Published: March 2020

A los 40 años o antes, cerca de 1 % de las mujeres desarrolla falla ovárica prematura, que se manifiesta por amenorrea, esterilidad, deficiencia de hormonas esteroideas y elevación de las gonadotropinas. Las mujeres con cariotipo normal tienen folículos funcionales que actúan de manera intermitente (50%) e incluso algunas logran embarazarse ( 5% a 10%) de manera natural, por lo tanto la falla puede ser transitoria. En términos generales el manejo de las pacientes que desean embarazos comprende terapias inductoras de la ovulación y, en algunos casos, donación de óvulos. El tratamiento hormonal de sustitución se debe instaurar una vez hecho el diagnóstico. Por último, es importante recordar que la falla ovárica prematura no siempre es una menopausia precoz.
Ética y enfermería
Authors: Muñoz Olga , Quintero Lila , Mejía Josefina
Published: March 2020

En el ejercicio profesional es comun escuchar cons­ tantes referencias a la etica, pero lcuanto se reflexiona sobre este t6pico? Es necesario la integraci6n de la eti­ ca como base para actuar, sobre todo en areas que tie­ oen que ver con el manejo de seres humanos, ya que la etica es la ciencia que estudia la conducta y reflexion del comportamiento humano, explica las razones de los actos del hombre y sus cambios, a traves del tiem­ po, en beneficio de la sociedad. Debido a Jos avances tecnol6gicos, cientificos y a la deshumanizaci6n en salud, surgi6 la necesidad hace aproximadamente 10 anos, de reformar el estudio de la etica.
Colonscopia de urgencia en la valoración de la Hematoquezia: Experiencia en el Hospital de San José. Comunicación preliminar.
Authors: Peñaloza-Ramírez Arecio , Peñaloza-Rosas Arecio
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la eficacia diagnóstica inicial de la colonoscopia de urgencia en la valoración de la hematoquezia y para ello fueron estudiados 15 pacientes con sangrado intestinal bajo, que requirieron hospitalización. Se realizaron 12 colonoscopias de urgencia, previa preparación anterógrada del colon con polietilenglicol, que se consideró entre regular y buena en 84 %, con mínimos efectos secundarios y ninguna complicación. En cinco pacientes (42%), se obtuvo un diagnóstico etiológico preciso yen dos (16%) probable, lo cual resulta en una eficacia diagnóstica relativa de 58% y no hubo complicaciones durante el procedimiento. La colonoscopia de urgencia es el método que mayor potencial ofrece para el diagnóstico del sangrado intestinal bajo en nuestro medio.
Enfermedad de Gaucher, un abordaje terapéutico moderno
Authors: Solano María Helena , Ramírez C. Carlos , Parra Lucía , Loboguerrero José
Published: March 2020

La enfermedad de Gaucher es un trastorno del almacenamiento lisosomal o enfermedad de depósito, para la cual sólo había terapia paliativa hasta 1991. El desarrollo de medicamentos "huérfanos", gracias a la subvención estatal en países desarrollados, permitió la producción de una enzima de reemplazo (imiglucerasa) que ha transformado por completo el panorama de la calidad de vida de los pacientes en edad pediátrica y, en forma sensible, el de los adultos. Se describe el primer caso tratado en Colombia y su seguimiento a lo largo de cinco años. Los efectos adversos del tratamiento son escasos y leves, pero el inmenso costo constituye una limitación en especial en nuestros países. El profundo conocimiento de la genética y la bioquímica de la enfermedad condujo al desarrollo de una terapia eficaz y otras afecciones deberán seguir el mismo rumbo.
Hiperglicinemia no cetósica
Authors: Perna Contreras Juan Augusto , Gutierrez Sánchez Clemencia , Pérez Duarte Hector Alan
Published: March 2020

La hiperglicinemia no cetósica es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por altas concentraciones de glicina en los líquidos corporales, sin encontrar ácidos orgánicos en sangre u orina, lo que la diferencia de la hiperglicinemia cetósica. La presentación clásica es la de un lactante menor con una enfermedad abrumadora; los sobrevivientes, a menudo tienen convulsiones intratables, asociadas a mioclonías y con poco o ningún desarrollo cerebral. el espectro comprende diferentes fenotipos clínicos: neonatal, infantil de inicio tardío y transitorio.
Cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas contra riesgo biológixo, en el área de urgencias: Experiencia en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención, en Bogotá
Authors: Chaparro M Yolanda , Núñez N Johanna Carolina , Parra G Sandra Milena , Prada P Karol Liliana , Silva T Olga Lucía
Published: March 2020

Con el objeto de identificar el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas establecidas contra el riesgo biológico por parte del personal de enfermería (profesional y auxiliar), en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención, en la ciudad de Bogotá, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y una lista de chequeo. Los resultados mostraron que el personal, objeto del estudio, posee los conocimientos necesarios acerca de las normas de bioseguridad y del manejo de desechos, pero sus prácticas son inadecuadas, aunque la institución suministre la mayoría de los elementos necesarios.
Cambios celulares cervicovaginales en mujeres con VIH/SIDA
Authors: Garcés Pinzón Martha Elisa , Soler Calvo Ivonne Jalith
Published: March 2020

La población femenina que vive con VIH/SIDA está más predispuesta a sufrir alteraciones ginecológicas en las diferentes etapas de la infección debido a su inmunosupresión, tales como: infecciones oportunistas, facilidad en el desarrollo del HPV y lesiones intraepiteliales. Es así como surge la idea de analizar estos cambios citológicos, la frecuencia con que se presentan y comprobar lo que plantea la literatura acerca de este tema. Para ello, se trabajó con 50 mujeres infectadas por el VIII independientemente de la edad y del estado sintomático o no en que se encontraban, observándose en 20% de las muestras normales, cambios reactivos inflamatorios e infecciones, 16% de LSIL y 13% de HSIL y ASCUS.
Evaluación de la necesidad de un diccionario terminológico de citopatología
Authors: Puerto Miryam , Moreno Carlos , Camacho Delgado Gina , Ruíz Sierra Caterine
Published: March 2020

Los diccionarios terminológicos son un eficaz auxiliar en la elaboración de cualquier obra científica. Aún así, en nuestra sociedad los diccionarios son libros poco empleados como complemento y soporte de los conocimientos que brindan los libros especializados. En el caso particular del personal que labora en los departamentos de patología y citología, es usual la utilización de diversos términos para la descripción morfológica y funcional de la célula, lo cual conlleva, en algunos casos, al uso de descripciones poco específicas y/o limitadas, en parte debido a la ausencia de un diccionario especializado en esta área. Es así, cómo surge la idea de la elaboración de un diccionario de citopatología, que permita extender el área de descripción de la morfología celular y sea una ayuda eficaz y un auxiliar en el estudio de los libros específicos en citopatología. Para establecer la necesidad de tal herramienta, se elaboró una encuesta específica, que fue entregada a 50 personas (patólogos, citólogos y estudiantes de citohistología) y en la cual la pregunta más relevante fue la necesidad de la elaboración de un diccionario de citopatología. Al respecto, los resultados mostraron cómo un 90% de los encuestados estaba a favor y un 6,0% en contra, de manera que se hace imperiosa la elaboración del mismo.
Potenciales evocados visuales en cuidados intensivos
Authors: Rodríguez Jesús H. , Gómez Ángela , Corredor Raúl , López de Mez Clara
Published: March 2020

El objeto de este trabajo es comprobar si los potenciales evocados visuales en los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y bajo sedación varían en sus parámetros de amplitud y latencia, según se realicen con los ojos abiertos o cerrados. Se realizaron ocho potenciales evocados visuales en pacientes hospitalizados en la UCI, con alteración de su estado de conciencia por sedación farmacológica, sin compromiso neurológico; según la historia clínica y las patologías de tratamiento no eran de origen neurológico. No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a los parámetros de amplitud y velocidad de conducción (latencia) cuando se realizaban con los ojos abiertos y cerrados. Sin embargo llama la atención la mejoría en la velocidad que oscila alrededor de 1 % y que si bien clínicamente no altera el resultado final de normalidad si representa un incremento de 1,5 ms de conducción nerviosa al realizarse con los ojos cerrados. Los potenciales evocados pueden continuar realizándose sin tener en cuenta la postura de los párpados en los pacientes bajo sedación en UCI, teniendo así la certeza de que los datos obtenidos reflejan la integridad de la vía visual en sujetos que por su estado de conciencia no pueden colaborar con otros datos clínicos.
Muerte cerebral
Authors: Cadavid Leonardo
Published: March 2020

La muerte cerebral o muerte encefálica es un concepto reciente en medicina que ha despertado una intensa controversia ética, cultural y biomédica que interesa no sólo a los neurólogos, trasplantólogos y jueces. Su diagnóstico es en esencia clínico, no obstante, significa un gran reto para el médico observador. Los métodos paraclínicos pueden ayudar, acortando el tiempo de observación y son necesarios en casos de intoxicación por neurotóxicos, hipotermia o en recién nacidos.
Comités clínicos de bioética: La confluencia de la ética y la clínica
Authors: Díaz Amado Eduardo
Published: March 2020

El ejercicio de la medicina se inscribe en el contexto de los valores que cada época erige como fundamentales, debiendo además conjugarlos con aquellos que le han sido propios como profesión desde Hipócrates. Podríamos denominar nuestra época como "la época de la autonomía", valor que se ha hecho preponderante, por lo menos desde la Ilustración, hace aproximadamente dos siglos. A su vez podríamos denominar a la medicina como "la profesión de la beneficencia" por antonomasia. Un típico problema que surge entonces es cómo armonizar autonomía y beneficencia, y en general, cómo conciliar las diferentes concepciones del Bien que coexisten en nuestra sociedad plural y multicultural. Mucho más cuando se trata de ese tipo de relación humana tan compleja y singular que es la "relación clínica". Es aquí donde se convierten en fundamentales los comités clínicos de bioética.
Paciente amputado de miembro inferior: Necesidades físicas, emocionales y sociales insatisfechas
Authors: Bañol H. Sandra M. , Briceño R. Dina C. , Cuervo H. Aura l. , Parra A. Sandra M. , Rodríguez A. Adriana , Rojas R. Martha J.
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las necesidades físicas, sociales y emocionales insatisfechas experimentadas por el paciente adulto joven que sufre la amputación de un miembro inferior, con el propósito de conocer de forma directa y real cuáles son sus experiencias vividas, tomando al individuo como un ser único, integral y autónomo. Cada paciente enfrenta la amputación de distintas formas, pues confluyen aspectos como la manera en que la persona ve la vida, la capacidad de afrontar situaciones difíciles, la personalidad, el apoyo familiar, las expectativas y las esperanzas. Aunque cada necesidad insatisfecha tiene un nombre especifico, el ser humano la manifiesta según el proceso de aceptación y adaptación a la amputación. Para este estudio se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a seis pacientes que asistían al Centro Integral de Rehabilitación Colombiano (CIREC), a partir de las cuales pudo concluirse que la dimensión emocional es la más afectada y en menor proporción el aspecto físico, puesto que éste es el primero en ser satisfecho.
Prostatectomía radical laparoscópica: Primera intervención en Colombia
Authors: Aponte Varón Hernán Alonso , Ceballos María del Pilar , Sotelo René , Lairos Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2020

A nivel mundial, la primera publicación de un procedimiento laparoscópico mayor en urología fue realizada por Ralph Claymann en 1991 y se trató de una nefrectomía. Tres años después, en julio de 1993, se practica el mismo procedimiento en el Hospital de San José. La primera prostatectomía radical laparoscópica fue descrita en 1992 por Schuessler y colaboradores, quienes en 1997 reportaron una serie de nueve casos sin demostrar beneficios superiores a los del procedimiento convencional. Fue en 1999, cuando Guillonneau y Vallancien informaron una serie de 65 pacientes donde describieron la técnica y demostraron la baja morbilidad, ofreciendo una alternativa quirúrgica a los pacientes con cáncer de próstata. Se presenta el primer caso de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica realizada en Colombia por el Servicio de Urología del Hospital de San José, en un paciente de 60 años con un adenocarcinoma de próstata T2bNxMO; el tiempo quirúrgico fue de cinco horas, sin transfusión y dado de alta en el primer día postoperatorio. Son muchas las ventajas de la cirugía laparoscópica en relación con la abierta, como disminución del sangrado por la excelente visibilidad del complejo dorsal y al efecto de taponamiento que realiza la presión del neumoperitoneo durante la cirugía. Los índices de continencia y de estrechez de la anastomosis son comparables en las diferentes series abiertas y laparoscópicas, así como la tasa de márgenes positivos. De la misma forma, al tener una magnificación de las bandeletas neurovasculares, hay una mejor preservación de las mismas con buena respuesta eréctil posterior. En conclusión, la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica es un procedimiento novedoso, con mejor preservación de las bandeletas nerviosas y menor sangrado, disminución de la estancia hospitalaria y recuperación más rápida, con menos requerimiento de analgésicos, y así mismo, una reincorporación laboral temprana.