bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS for relative quantitation of α- and β-Asp7 isoforms of amyloid-β peptide
Authors: Pekov Stanislav , Indeykina Maria , Popov Igor , Kononikhin Alexey , Bocharov Konstantin , Kozin Sergey A , Makarov Alexander A , Nikolaev Eugene
Published: December 2017

It is known that aspartic acid isomerization process plays a role in aging processes and may be used as a marker for aging of natural materials. As for Alzheimer’s disease, the most abundant modification in the peptide profile is the aspartate isomerization of amyloid-β. Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based approaches with Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) or Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) fragmentation provide a good and precise method for the relative quantitation of iso- to normal amyloid-β peptides but require additional time consuming steps. In this study, MALDI-TOF/TOF-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed as a high-throughput approach for the relative quantitation of the isomerized form of the amyloid-β peptide.
Large-Eddy-simulation prediction of indirect combustion noise in the entropy wave generator experiment
Authors: Moreau Stéphane , Becerril C , Gicquel LYM
Published: December 2017

Compact and non-compact analytical solutions of the subsonic operating point of the entropy wave generator experiment are compared with detailed numerical results obtained by large Eddy simulations. Two energy deposition methods are presented to account for the experimental ignition sequence and geometry: a single-block deposition as previously used and a delayed deposition that reproduces the experimental protocle closely. The unknown inlet acoustic reflection coefficient is assumed to be fully reflective to be more physically consistent with the actual experimental setup. The time delay between the activation of the heating modules must be considered to retrieve the temperature signal measured at the vibrometer and pressure signals at the microphones. Moreover, pressure signals extracted from the large Eddy simulations in the outlet duct using the delayed ignition model clearly reproduce the experimental signals better than the analytical models. An additional simulation with actual temperature fluctuations directly injected at the inlet of the computational domain clearly shows that the pressure fluctuations produced by the acceleration of the hot slug yields indirect noise almost entirely. Finally, the entropy spot is shown to be distorted when convecting through the turbulent flow in the entropy wave generator nozzle. Its amplitude decreases and its shape is dispersed, but hardly any dissipation occurs. The distortion appears to be negligible through the nozzle and become important only when convected over a long distance in the downstream duct. As the dominant frequencies of the entropy wave generator entropy forcing are very low, the effects of dispersion by the mean flow are however weak.
Achieving Milestones as a Prerequisite for Proceeding With a Clinical Trial
Authors: Mickle Angela M. , Maybrier Hannah R. , Winter Anke C. , McKinnon Sherry L. , Torres Brian A. , Lin Nan , Lenze Eric J. , Stark Susan , Muench Maxwell R. , Jacobsohn Eric , Inouye Sharon K. , Avidan Michael S. , Wildes Troy S.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:

Although the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invests $30 billion in research annually, many funded studies fail to generate results that can inform practice. The National Institutes of Health introduced a phased funding mechanism as one potential solution. Study-specific milestones are established for an initial pilot phase. We assess the utility of this phased approach through the ongoing Electroencephalography (EEG) Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) pragmatic clinical trial. The hypothesis of the trial is that EEG guidance of general anesthesia, through prevention of EEG suppression, can decrease postoperative delirium and its downstream negative sequelae.

METHODS:

In collaboration with study stakeholders, we identified critical milestones for the ENGAGES study, with themes common to many clinical trials. These themes include: regulatory tasks; enrollment targets; feasibility and impact of study intervention; primary outcome incidence; measurement reliability of primary outcome; and follow-up. Progress in achieving the milestones was assessed at regular intervals during the pilot phase by ENGAGES investigators, a National Institute on Aging program officer, and a nonpartisan research organization (Westat).

RESULTS:

Regulatory tasks, including institutional review board approval, infrastructure establishment, and trial registration, were completed on schedule. A total of 117 patients were randomized, exceeding the target by 51. The EEG-guided protocol was successfully implemented, and a relevant effect on anesthetic practice was demonstrated (decrease in median age–adjusted minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration from 0.93 to 0.78 [P < .001] and increase in median proportion of zero EEG suppression time from 87% to 94% [P < .01]). Nearly all patients (115 of 117, 98.3%) were assessed for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method, and the delirium incidence was similar (28.1%; 95% CI, 20%–37%) to the estimate (25%) used for the sample size calculation. Good interrater reliability of delirium assessment was demonstrated (κ = 0.94 [95% CI, 0.86–1]). Finally, 1-month follow-up vital status data were obtained for 96.9% of patients, with 85.7% of patients completing at least 1 survey.

CONCLUSIONS:

With the ENGAGES trial, we demonstrated that key milestones can be identified and progressively assessed during a pilot phase. Success in attaining appropriate milestones hypothetically predicts meaningful completion of a study, and can provide justification for proceeding beyond a pilot phase. The impact of this phased approach on return on investment and scientific yield requires additional study.
Características epidemiológicas da mortalidade de pacientes de 0 a 18 anos em um hospital de urgência
Authors: Santos Beatriz Ramalho , Alves Aquila Talita Lima Santana , Faro André
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A saúde de crianças e adolescentes tem passado por transformações decorrentes do processo de transição epidemiológica e dados sobre mortalidade ajudam a entender esse fenômeno. Objetivos: caracterizar a mortalidade de crianças e adolescentes em um hospital de urgência em Sergipe nos anos 2013 e 2014 e analisar a relação entre a Causa Básica e a Causa Imediata do óbito. Métodos: estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado por meio do levantamento de informações do banco de dados da Organização de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos da instituição, com o qual foram obtidas as estatísticas descritivas para a caracterização do perfil amostral por idade, sexo, ano do óbito e causas do óbito. Para a avaliação da relação entre a Causa Básica e Causa Imediata de óbito, analisaram-se valores absolutos e percentuais quanto aos tipos de entrada (Causa Básica) e desfecho (Causa Imediata). Resultados: houve 440 óbitos, e 58,9% (n = 259) foram do sexo masculino. A relação entre a Causa Básica e a Imediata mostrou que as doenças infecciosas são a principal Causa Imediata de óbito em oito das onze categorias da Causa Básica. Conclusão: as doenças infecciosas exibem notável impacto na mortalidade hospitalar de crianças e adolescentes.
Perfil do acompanhante de idosos hospitalizados: avaliação da atuação no cuidado e recuperação geriátrica
Authors: Da Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira , Veloso Naiara Eveline Brito , Teles Mariza Alves Barbosa , Oliveira Karla Chistiane Freitas , Oliveira Maricy Kariny Soares , Alves Elaine Cristina Santos
Published: December 2017

Introdução: o processo de envelhecimento no Brasil vem aumentando gradativamente devido a mudanças nos últimos 30 anos, as quais são decorrentes da redução da taxa de fecundidade e do aumento da expectativa de vida. Objetivo: identificar o perfil do acompanhante de idosos hospitalizados e avaliar a sua atuação no cuidado e na recuperação. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 28 acompanhantes de idosos internados na Clínica Médica de uma instituição hospitalar. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de epidemiologia descritiva simples não paramétrica e não probabilística. Resultados: observou-se prevalência de acompanhantes do sexo feminino; faixa etária entre 40-49 anos, e filhas do idoso internado. A maioria não recebe remuneração e assume o papel de acompanhante no hospital e no domicílio. Entre as atividades realizadas no cuidado ao idoso hospitalizado, o suporte emocional foi o mais prevalente (85,7%), e 35,7% informaram que é importante a presença do acompanhante para auxiliar no processo de cuidar. O fator facilitador foi o interesse em participar do cuidado. Conclusão: a participação efetiva dos acompanhantes no cuidado do idoso hospitalizado minimiza o transtorno decorrente da internação e amplia os benefícios desta participação para o bem-estar do idoso e sua recuperação.
Tumores metastáticos para os maxilares: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: De Macêdo Santos José Wittor , Gordón-Núñez Manuel Antonio
Published: December 2017

Introdução: Tumores metastáticos na região oral e perioral são extremamente raros. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão integrativa dos casos de metástases nos maxilares e sua relação com os tumores primários, os tipos histológicos e as principais localizações topográficas de ambos. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Google acadêmico e LILACS utilizando os seguintes critérios: artigos publicados na íntegra, no período de 2000 a 2016, em inglês, português e espanhol, case report e classical articles sobre o tema, utilizando os seguintes descritores: maxilares, mandíbula, maxila, metástases, incidência e seus mesh terms. Resultados: Foram incluídos um total de 35 artigos que cumpriam com todos os critérios. Foram ao todo 452 pacientes com metástases, dos quais 53.1% eram homens. A idade dos pacientes variou dos 4 meses a 90 anos. A mandíbula foi acometida em 55.7% dos casos, e a principal localização primária foi a mama, seguida pelo pulmão com 90 e 87 casos, respectivamente. Em 39% da amostra, os tumores primários eram desconhecidos. O adenocarcinoma foi o principal padrão histopatológico sendo encontrado em 30.3% da amostra. Conclusão: Os tumores metastáticos dos maxilares estão relacionados com um diagnóstico desafiador e tardio com prognóstico sombrio de curta sobrevida. Acometem mais comumente a região posterior mandibular entre a quinta e oitava décadas de vida, em ambos os sexos. O cirurgião dentista tem grande papel no diagnóstico precoce destas lesões.
Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth
Authors: Manching Heather C. , Carlson Kara , Kosowsky Sean , Smitherman C. Tyler , Stapleton Ann E.
Published: December 2017

Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.

Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.

Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.

Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
Valuutakontrolli rakendamine Eestis 1930. aastatel [Abstract: Implementation of exchange control in Estonia in the 1930s]
Authors: Stern Karl
Published: December 2017

Exchange control is generally managed by the national bank. Exporters have to transfer all of their earnings from foreign exchange to the national bank. The national bank considers different factors in redistributing foreign exchange among importers.

After the devaluation of the British pound in the autumn of 1931, cash cover for Estonia’s currency decreased rapidly. The leaders of monetary policy ignored the statutes of the National Bank of Estonia and urgently decided to implement exchange control.

The implementation of exchange control did not go very smoothly during its first years. Hurried implementation and lack of preceding explanation caused problems for entrepreneurs and citizens who were in need of foreign exchange. At first there was a great deal of dissension between the National Bank of Estonia and the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The ministry issued import licenses to importers but often the National Bank did not want to sell them any foreign currency (to be used to pay for goods) regardless of their legitimate licenses. The bank’s rationale for this course of action was the low level of cash cover for Estonia’s currency. This fact confirms the opinion prevalent in previous historiography that in its first years, exchange control was implemented for monetary policy purposes. Exchange control influenced almost everybody who needed to use foreign currency. Reasons had to be given even for the purchase of smaller amounts of foreign exchange.

After the devaluation of Estonia’s currency in the summer of 1933, exchange control was used to protect the interests of Estonian foreign trade. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the National Bank started collaborating more efficiently. National Bank Exchange Commission decisions approving exchange applications demonstrate this as well. The commission accepted almost all applications for foreign exchange after the devaluation. The number of applications nearly doubled during the second half of the 1930s. Cash cover for Estonia’s currency increased and the National Bank’s exchange policy became more liberal. After the devaluation, one of the important criteria for giving foreign exchange to importers was the trade balance between the source country and Estonia. Preference was given to traders who imported goods from countries with which Estonia had a positive trade balance. Comparison of export and import in the 1930s shows that in general, Estonia managed to maintain its trade balance. At the same time, exchange control had a negative effect on incentives. In countries where exchange control was implemented, trade volume recovered more slowly in the latter half of the 1930s than in countries where it was not implemented.
INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF ADHEREND MATERIAL ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN ADHESIVE LAP JOINTS
Authors: Zielecki Krzysztof , Witek Lucjan , Stachowicz Feliks
Published: December 2017

In the stress analysis of adhesive lap joints, the linear-elastic model of adherend material is often used. In some cases, when the joined material has a low yield stress, this assumption causes errors in the stress estimation in the adhesive layer or adherend. In this study, the results of numerical stress and strain analysis of adhesive lap joint were presented. In the performed analysis, both the elastic-plastic and linear-elastic models of joined materials were considered. In the first part of the study, the properties of adherend material were determined in experimental investigations. Next, the discrete model of joint was created. The results of nonlinear finite element analysis showed that for joints of materials with a low value of yield stress the plastic deformation begins in adherend at load 50% lower than destructive force of the joint. As a result of this phenomenon, the rapid stress increase in the adhesive layer is observed in an advanced phase of loading. This causes a significant decrease in strength in the lap joints of elastic-plastic materials.
SIMPLE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE CONSTANTS OF GAROFALO EQUATION
Authors: Pernis Rudolf
Published: December 2017

The examination of the high temperature plastic properties of metallic materials was realised by the torsion plastometer SETARAM or by the compression plastometer DIL805A/D. The brass CuZn30 was used as the test material. Peak stress detection was performed for two independent variables, temperature and velocity of deformation. The set experimental plan forms the test array 54, i.e. five temperatures 650, 700, 750, 800, 850 °C and four strain rates of 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 and 25 s-1. It was necessary to evaluate measured data and to determine the mathematical model of the peak stress. For this aim, the Garofalo equation was used. This equation contains 4 material constants. The currently method used to determine the material constants takes a relatively long time and requires a number of auxiliary calculations. In this method, nonlinear regression is often used, which requires the initial estimation of parameters. The article presents a mathematical analysis and a simple methodology for calculating the material constants of the Garofalo equation. A general linear regression is used for the calculation that does not require an initial estimate of the material constants. The numerical calculation of material constants isdocumented on the measured peak stress data.
Constructing a Three-Dimensional Resource Database of Plants Using Measured in situ Morphological Data
Authors: Wen Weiliang , Guo Xinyu , Wang Yongjian , Zhao Chunjiang , Liao Weihua
Published: December 2017

Abstract. 3D modeling of plants forms the basis of functional-structural plant modeling (FSPM) and digital plant research, and also plays an important role in research on plant phenotypes and germplasm resource protection. To provide high fidelity 3D models with complete agronomic information for research and applications, this study constructed a 3D visual database of plants. First, measured morphological data that included 3D digital data, 3D point clouds, and texture mapping images were acquired for different precision requirements. To set unified access rules for the database, a standard for the morphological data acquisition of plants was proposed. This data acquisition standard directs how 3D digital data, 3D point clouds, and texture imaging features of organs and plants are acquired. It also specifies the agronomic information that must be collected to guarantee the completeness of the morphological data record, such as the plant cultivar, growth period, planting density, water, and fertilizer treatment. Next, geometric models of plants and organs were generated using parametric plant modeling methods and geometric modeling based on point clouds using the acquired data. Finally, a plant 3D resource database was constructed by selecting those plant resources that contained two classes of database keywords: agronomy attribute keywords and 3D attribute keywords. The database contains a large number of plant models of different species, cultivars, and multiple growth periods with agronomic parameters and a high level of detail. The creation of such a database promotes the role of digital plant records in agricultural research and production. Keywords: Agricultural research, Agronomic parameters, Database, Geometric model, Morphology, Plants, Three-dimensional data.
Formation of Pellet Fines during the Feed Manufacturing Process, Transportation and Feed Line Delivery, and their Nutrient Composition
Authors: De Jong Jon A. , DeRouchey Joel M. , Tokach Mike D. , Goodband Robert D. , Woodworth Jason C. , Dritz Steve S. , Stark Charles R. , Jones Cassandra K , Williams H. E. , Erceg J. , Haberl B. , McKinney L. J. , Smith G. , Van Otterloo D. , Paulk C. B.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Maintaining quality pellets with a low percentage of fines is essential to achieve growth performance benefits from pelleting diets for swine and poultry. Therefore, we investigated the formation of fines during the pelleted feed manufacturing process, transportation, and feed line delivery at the farm. A second objective was to determine the chemical composition of the pellets and fines. Results indicated that pellet durability index (PDI) was increased from the pellet mill to the fat coater, but decreased between the fat coater and load-out. Correspondingly, percentage fines were similar from the pellet mill to the cooler, but then increased at the fat coater and at load-out. Dry matter, ether extract, and acid detergent fiber were greater in fines compared to pellets, whereas crude protein was decreased in fines. The percentage of fines formed during truck unloading was not influenced by unloading speed but tended to increase from the front to the rear compartment. There was no effect of feed line location (6, 35, and 76 m from the bin) on pellet PDI, percentage fines, or the nutrient profile of pellets or fines. Across locations, fines had decreased crude protein and phosphorus, but increased acid detergent fiber, crude fiber, calcium, ether extract, and starch compared to the composition of pellets. Understanding the steps in the feed manufacturing and delivery process may allow for alternative methods to reduce the formation of fines in pelleted feeds. Keywords: Feed line, Feed mill, Feed truck, Fines, Pellet durability index, Pellets.
Estimation of Suitable Areas for Coffee Growth Using a GIS Approach and Multicriteria Evaluation in Regions with Scarce Data
Authors: Ochoa Pablo A. , Chamba Yesenia M. , Arteaga Juan G. , Capa Edwin D.
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

An estimate of appropriate areas for crop production is highly desirable in Ecuador and many other parts of the world for achieving optimum utilization of the available natural resources. Lack of knowledge on best methodologies of coffee management applicable to local conditions has contributed to the inefficient use of land area. This study aimed to develop maps of suitable areas for coffee production in Ecuador. The study was conducted over an area of 800 km2 approximately, where Geographic Information System (GIS) methodology proposed by the official government agency and Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) was applied. Different parameters such as hydrology, climate, and crop information were considered. Maps were validated in the field with a biophysical characterization on the coffee plots. Also, four suitability classes were defined to describe coffee production: suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable areas. More than 50% of study area is suitable and moderately suitable for coffee crop production with the two analyzes (GIS and MCE). The main constraints to increasing coffee production are poor soil depth and fertility, and rainfall amount received needs to be supplemented by irrigation. According to statistical validation both methodologies exposed in this study can be useful for other regions with scarce data to properly manage the territory. Keywords: Biophysical characterization, Coffee production area, Ecuador, GIS, Scarce data, Multi-criteria evaluation.
Changes of Some Mechanical Properties of Different Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Films during the Service Life
Authors: Emekli Nefise Yasemin , Büyüktas Kenan , Basçetinçelik Ali
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

In this study, changes on some mechanical properties such as impact resistance, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) greenhouse films produced by CO-EX technology were investigated under natural weathering conditions during their service life of 24 months. With multi-layered UV+IR+EVA and UV+IR+EVA+AF-added two different type greenhouse cover films were used as a material. For this purpose, a construction with a slope roof of 26.5° was used. Initially, the impact resistances of UV+IR+EVA and UV+IR+EVA+AF films were determined as 1161.4 and 1164.1 g, respectively. But at the end of 24 months, it was determined that the impact resistance of these films reduced as 45.5% and 38.8%, respectively. In addition, tensile strength of the films decreased by 3.5% and 8.5% and the value of elongation at break decreased by 14% and 12%, respectively, at the end of 24 months period. The results showed that the physical structure of the films changed from the elastic form to the fragile form at the end of product life depending on environmental conditions and aging. This situation is very important for all manufacturers who engaged in greenhouse cultivation in Antalya where the greenhouse cultivation is common. Keywords: Aging, Impact strength, Low-density polyethylene film, Mechanical properties, Tensile strength.
Matching policy tools and their targets: beyond nudges and utility maximisation in policy design
Authors: Howlett Michael
Published: December 2017

Studies of policy tools have not devoted a great deal of attention to the behavioural characteristics of the objects of policy interventions. These ‘policy targets’ are often assumed to act as simple rational utility maximisers who can be manipulated by incentives and disincentives. This has led to a focus on the calibrations of policy tools rather than on whether the mix of tools in use matches the nature of compliance and cooperation required or demanded of a policy situation. This paper proposes a new research and practice agenda focused on better understanding and matching tool resources to target behaviour.
Sexual victimisation of transgender people in the Netherlands: prevalence, risk factors and health consequences
Authors: Cense Marianne , Haas Stans de , Doorduin Tamar
Published: December 2017

Studies among transgender people show an increased risk of sexual victimisation. We designed a survey to gain more insight into the characteristics of sexual victimisation of transgender people in the Netherlands which shows that 30 per cent reported that they had experienced at least one type of sexual violence during their life course. Most respondents (87.0 per cent) were not (yet) in transition at the time they experienced sexual violence. Victimisation often took place between the ages of 16 and 25 and was significantly related to childhood gender nonconformity. Our additional qualitative study indicates that the victimisation of transgender people is also connected to other risk factors, such as vulnerability deriving from gender dysphoria, minority stress, social isolation and exclusion. The narratives of transgender victims show how sexual victimisation deeply affects their wellbeing. Gender dysphoria and sexual victimisation interact, which complicates the lives of transgender people. Transgender victims need support by professionals who are sensitive to both experiences of gender dysphoria and sexual victimisation and the way these experiences interrelate. However, the victimisation of transgender people also highlights the need for a broadening of the scope of policies and research on gender based violence, and move beyond the gender binary of women and men.
Towards gender awareness in couple therapy and in treatment of intimate partner violence
Authors: Päivinen Helena , Holma Juha
Published: December 2017

Gender is the most pervasive classification of individuals and thus strongly defines couple relationships. Cultural discourses on couple relationships reproduce hierarchical gender differences, and couple distress is often linked to gendered power inequalities. At worst, gender is the basis for intimate partner violence (IPV). Generally, however, therapeutic interventions do not address the issues of gender and gendered power. This paper discusses the meaning and functions of gender in the context of couple therapy, in particular for IPV. It is argued that the therapist needs to be skilled in discursive deconstruction to be able not only to address the client’s situation as an individual experience but also to locate it in the wider social and cultural context. Addressing the gendered positioning of others and themselves is a clinical tool of potential value in therapeutic conversations.
Digital PCR: A Sensitive and Precise Method for KIT D816V Quantification in Mastocytosis
Authors: Greiner Georg , Gurbisz Michael , Ratzinger Franz , Witzeneder Nadine , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Mitterbauer-Hohendanner Gerlinde , Mayerhofer Matthias , Müllauer Leonhard , Sperr Wolfgang R , Valent Peter , Hoermann Gregor
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

The analytically sensitive detection of KIT D816V in blood and bone marrow is important for diagnosing systemic mastocytosis (SM). Additionally, precise quantification of the KIT D816V variant allele fraction (VAF) is relevant clinically because it helps to predict multilineage involvement and prognosis in cases of advanced SM. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a promising new method for sensitive detection and accurate quantification of somatic mutations.

METHODS

We performed a validation study of dPCR for KIT D816V on 302 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 156 patients with mastocytosis for comparison with melting curve analysis after peptide nucleic acid-mediated PCR clamping (clamp-PCR) and allele-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

RESULTS

dPCR showed a limit of detection of 0.01% VAF with a mean CV of 8.5% and identified the mutation in 90% of patients compared with 70% for clamp-PCR (P < 0.001). Moreover, dPCR for KIT D816V was highly concordant with qPCR without systematic deviation of results, and confirmed the clinical value of KIT D816V VAF measurements. Thus, patients with advanced SM showed a significantly higher KIT D816V VAF (median, 2.43%) compared with patients with indolent SM (median, 0.14%; P < 0.001). Moreover, dPCR confirmed the prognostic significance of a high KIT D816V VAF regarding survival (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

dPCR for KIT D816V provides a high degree of precision and sensitivity combined with the potential for interlaboratory standardization, which is crucial for the implementation of KIT D816V allele burden measurement. Thus, dPCR is suitable as a new method for KIT D816V testing in patients with mastocytosis.
Designing a system for Online Orchestra: Computer hardware and software
Authors: Prior David , Biscoe Ian , Rofe Michael , Reuben Federico
Published: December 2017

Online Orchestra sought in its pilot performance to enable musicians in four remote locations in Cornwall, United Kingdom, to make music together over the Internet. This article considers the processes by which computer hardware and software platforms were selected, integrated and optimized for the performance. Starting with an overview of guiding design principles, details of the computer hardware and software platforms used are provided. Audio- and video-streaming solutions are surveyed, leading to a detailed analysis of JackTrip and its deployment in the final system. The network environment in which the Online Orchestra performance took place is also considered, including specifications of each of the four venues.
Designing a system for Online Orchestra: Peripheral equipment
Authors: Prior David , Reeder Philip , Rofe Michael , Biscoe Ian , Murray Samuel
Published: December 2017

Online Orchestra is a telematic performance project, aimed at enabling young and amateur musicians in geographically remote locations to make music together over the Internet. This article reports the processes by which the audio and video peripheral equipment used for Online Orchestra was chosen and how the system was designed and used. Starting with an overview of guiding design principles, a description of methods for choosing, integrating and configuring audio and video hardware is presented. Following the development of the project from initial workgroups to the pilot performance of Online Orchestra, this article compares the ‘ideal’ test scenarios of workgroups with the reality of deploying the technology in a performance context and concludes with an account of using the system on site.
Notes from the podium of an Online Orchestra
Authors: Hargreaves Jonathan J.
Published: December 2017

Online Orchestra placed significant demands on its conductor, with a role that included rehearsing and directing remote musicians over the Internet. This article presents a first-hand reflective account from the conductor of Online Orchestra, including details of trials, rehearsals and the final performance. Practical considerations such as conducting technique, visual framing and ensemble seating are considered, as are reflections on conducting in a latency-rich environment. This leads to the conclusion that many traditional approaches to conducting apply in telematic performance, and the suggestion that there is significant scope for musicians to learn and grow in ability when making music online.
White Cart Loom
Authors: Isley Vicky , Smith Paul
Published: December 2017

British artists Vicky Isley and Paul Smith (collectively known as boredomresearch) were commissioned in 2016 by the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) to produce a new digital artwork with the aim of supporting Paisley’s bid to be City of Culture 2021. The commission was co-funded by UWS and Renfrewshire Council, Scotland. The resulting artwork titled White Cart Loom weaves a narrative combining Paisley’s rich industrial past with current scientific and ecological work, fighting to save a rare organism from extinction.
Prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Novosibirsk
Authors: Mustafina Svetlana V. , Rymar Oksana D. , Malyutina Sofiya K. , Denisova Diana V. , Shcherbakova Liliya V. , Voevoda Mihail I.
Published: December 2017

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016.
Methods. We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l).
Results. The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%).
However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05.
High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming.
Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes.
Conclusion. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).
Monogenic diabetes associated with PAX4 gene mutations (MODY9): first description in Russia
Authors: Zubkova Natalya A. , Gioeva Olesya A. , Petrov Vasiliy M. , Vasiliev Evgeny V. , Timofeev Alexei V. , Abrukova Anna V. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N.
Published: December 2017

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by autosomal dominant type of inheritance and caused by genetic defects leading to dysfunction of pancreatic beta-cells. To date, at least 13 subtypes of MODY have been described in the literature, the most frequent of which are MODY types 13. MODY2 and MODY3 are the most prevalent subtypes, and were previously described in our country, Russia. Several cases of rare MODY subtypes were subsequently described in the Russian literature. The current report is the first in the Russian literature to present clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of two cases of another rare MODY subtypeMODY9. This type of MODY is associated with mutations in the PAX4 gene, which encodes transcription factor PAX4, one of the factors essential for pancreatic beta-cell differentiation. Molecular genetic analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing, a new method recently applied to verify monogenic diseases and, in particular, MODY. This study reports a novel mutation in the PAX4 gene in MODY patients.
Comunicación y generación del saber geográfico en el siglo XIX. Francisco Jiménez y el Boletín de la SMGE
Authors: Tamayo Pérez Luz María Oralia
Published: December 2017

En la actualidad el comunicador de la ciencia es un profesional cuya labor consiste en hacer accesible el conocimiento de los fascinantes y variados temas científicos a los diferentes públicos; también busca motivar a las nuevas generaciones a interesarse por la ciencia. En el México del siglo XIX, los problemas sociales y políticos, que enfrentaba el país, así como el analfabetismo de un gran sector de la población, hacían prácticamente imposible la tarea de la divulgación de la ciencia. Motivadas por ello, las élites ilustradas, preocupadas por crear asociaciones que permitieran la instauración de la ciencia en México, apoyaron el establecimiento de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística (SMGE), la cual concentró a los hombres de ciencia más destacados del momento, quienes se reunían para discutir las noticias relativas a los temas científicos de su interés. Una de las ciencias cultivadas con esmero fue la Geografía, la cual proporcionaba elementos para conocer el territorio nacional y sus recursos, por lo que los ingenieros geógrafos tenían entre sus objetivos la determinación de coordenadas geográficas.Francisco Jiménez, miembro activo de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística, era un prestigiado científico y publicó diversos trabajos en el Boletín de dicha Sociedad, en este trabajo se analizan sus artículos para evaluar su labor como comunicador y divulgador de los avances de esta disciplina.
Vulnerability and risk to intense rainfall in Mexico: The effect to land use cover change
Authors: Zuñiga Tovar Angel Emmanuel , Magaña Rueda Víctor Orlando
Published: December 2017

Los desastres naturales deben examinarse dentro de un marco de perspectivas de riesgo donde se consideran tanto los riesgos naturales como la vulnerabilidad. La tendencia a las inundaciones más frecuentes en México en las últimas décadas no es solo el resultado de precipitaciones más intensas, sino también una consecuencia de una mayor vulnerabilidad. Como un elemento multifactorial, la vulnerabilidad es un factor de modulación de baja frecuencia de la dinámica de riesgo a las precipitaciones intensas. Se puede describir en términos de factores físicos, sociales y económicos. Por ejemplo, las áreas deforestadas o urbanizadas son los factores físicos y sociales que conducen al deterioro de las cuencas hidrográficas y una mayor vulnerabilidad a las lluvias intensas. El aumento de la vulnerabilidad de las cuencas hidrográficas debido a los cambios en la cobertura de la tierra es el factor principal que conduce a más inundaciones, particularmente en el centro-sur de México. Solo en algunas partes del país, como Baja California Sur, la mayor frecuencia de lluvias intensas (es decir, riesgo natural) asociadas con los ciclones tropicales de alta intensidad es la principal causa de inundaciones más frecuentes.Hemos desarrollado una metodología para estimar el riesgo de inundación asociado a fuertes lluvias considerando los cambios en la cobertura y el uso de la tierra, la pendiente del terreno y la compacidad de la cuenca como factores clave de vulnerabilidad. La capacidad del modelo de riesgo de inundación para México se probó al comparar la frecuencia observada y modelada de las inundaciones para el período 1970-2010. Se encontró que en la mayor parte del territorio mexicano, las inundaciones más frecuentes son el resultado de un proceso rápido de deforestación. En consecuencia, la gestión del riesgo de inundación debe incluir medidas estructurales, como la restauración de cuencas hidrográficas y la planificación del uso de la cubierta terrestre.
Menschenrechte im Unternehmen durchsetzen
Authors: Hadwiger Felix , Hamm Brigitte , Vitols Katrin , Wilke Peter
Published: December 2017

Internationale Arbeitnehmerrechte gewinnen durch die voranschreitende Globalisierung weiter an Bedeutung. Basierend auf Fallstudien und Experteninterviews diskutieren die Autorinnen und Autoren die UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte. Dabei stellen sie Anknüpfungspunkte für Gewerkschaften und Betriebsräte heraus und zeigen Strategien, Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten und Instrumente für die Sicherung von Arbeitnehmerrechten in Unternehmen weltweit auf.
Economías “extra-pampeanas” en una provincia pampeana: las cadenas algodonera y arrocera en Santa Fe // Extra-pampas economy in a pampas province: the cotton and rice chains in Santa Fe
Authors: Pujadas María Fernanda , Castagna Alicia Ines , Woelfling Maria Lidia
Published: December 2017

La Provinciade Santa Fe se caracteriza por la preeminencia de complejos agroindustriales como el oleaginoso, lácteo, cárnico, madera, muebles, cueros. También las cadenas siderúrgica, química, petroquímica, el sector automotriz y la industria del software. Ellos presentan sus eslabones concentrados económica y físicamente. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad del territorio provincial ha permitido el desarrollo de actividades cuyas características se asimilan con economías extra-pampeanas, con niveles de producción marginales en términos relativos a otras producciones, pero de importancia para ciertas regiones y de un impacto social vital. De ellas, en el artículo se estudiarán las cadenas algodonera en el Norte y la arrocera en el Este provincial. Sus eslabonamientos, la importancia de su industrialización, su aporte a la región y los obstáculos que enfrentan. Busca evaluar los desafíos de las economías regionales en Santa Fe y promover el debate sobre la necesidad de políticas para su desarrollo y solución de problemáticas.
Open source ELMER software based FEM modeling of waveguides and resonant cavities for microwave heating and drying devices
Authors: Szałatkiewicz Jakub , Szewczyk Roman , Kalinowski Mateusz , Kataja Juhani , Råback Peter , Ruokolainen Juha , Kachniarz Maciej
Published: December 2017

Microwave devices are widely used in the industry and in the specialized laboratory analyses. Development of such devices requires the possibility of modeling of microwave energy distribution in the specific resonant chambers. Until now, such modeling was possible only with the use of commercial software or was limited to specific cases. The paper presents an open-source module for ELMER software for solving timeharmonic Maxwell’s equations, allowing modeling of microwave waveguide lines. Three test cases of different resonant chambers are investigated at 2.45 GHz frequency. Modeling results obtained from the open-source ELMER Vectorial Helmholtz module show that the application of this software can be effective in R&D works, enabling high-tech small and medium enterprises involvement in advanced microwave technology.
A new circuit topology using Z-source resonant inverter for high power contactless power transfer applications
Authors: Ghosh Prabhat Chandra , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Ghosh Ankita , Pal Nitai
Published: December 2017

In this study, a new circuit topology using a Z-source resonant inverter (ZSRI) for high power applications in large-air-gap contactless power transfer (CPT) systems, has been investigated. The main shortcoming of a large-air-gap CPT system is the poor power transfer efficiency due to low magnetic coupling. In order to minimize this shortcoming and to improve the overall performance of the system by boosting the power transfer capability, in this paper a CPT system with the newly developed circuit topology using high frequency Z-source resonant inverter has been proposed. Using the newly developed circuit topology for the CPT system, it has been observed that the overall performance of the system has been improved to a reasonable level with a purely sinusoidal resonant current flowing through the primary side. Therefore, no harmonics will be injected into the source. The proposed CPT system with an air gap of 16 cm and a misalignment of 3 cm has been simulated using the Maxwell finite element tool and Simplorer circuit simulation software for an output power of 2 kW.
Modeling of Pressure Drop During Refrigerant Condensation in Pipe Minichannels
Authors: Sikora Małgorzata , Bohdal Tadeusz
Published: December 2017

Investigations of refrigerant condensation in pipe minichannels are very challenging and complicated issue. Due to the multitude of influences very important is mathematical and computer modeling. Its allows for performing calculations for many different refrigerants under different flow conditions. A large number of experimental results published in the literature allows for experimental verification of correctness of the models. In this work is presented a mathematical model for calculation of flow resistance during condensation of refrigerants in the pipe minichannel. The model was developed in environment based on conservation equations. The results of calculations were verified by authors own experimental investigations results.
Modeling of Kerena Emergency Condenser
Authors: Bryk Rafał , Schmidt Holger , Mull Thomas , Wagner Thomas , Ganzmann Ingo , Herbst Oliver
Published: December 2017

KERENA is an innovative boiling water reactor concept equipped with several passive safety systems. For the experimental verification of performance of the systems and for codes validation, the Integral Test Stand Karlstein (INKA) was built in Karlstein, Germany. The emergency condenser (EC) system transfers heat from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) to the core flooding pool in case of water level decrease in the RPV. EC is composed of a large number of slightly inclined tubes. During accident conditions, steam enters into the tubes and condenses due to the contact of the tubes with cold water at the secondary side. The condensed water flows then back to the RPV due to gravity. In this paper two approaches for modeling of condensation in slightly inclined tubes are compared and verified against experiments. The first approach is based on the flow regime map. Depending on the regime, heat transfer coefficient is calculated according to specific semi-empirical correlation. The second approach uses a general, fully-empirical correlation. The models are developed with utilization of the object-oriented Modelica language and the open-source OpenModelica environment. The results are compared with data obtained during a large scale integral test, simulating loss of coolant accident performed at Integral Test Stand Karlstein (INKA). The comparison shows a good agreement.Due to the modularity of models, both of them may be used in the future in systems incorporating condensation in horizontal or slightly inclined tubes. Depending on his preferences, the modeller may choose one-equation based approach or more sophisticated model composed of several exchangeable semi-empirical correlations.