bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies to M2-cholinoreceptors as a potential development factor of arrhythmia in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mironova E S , Mironova N A , Sharf T V , Efremov E E , Azmuko A A , Molokoedov A S , Zykov K A , Golitsyn S P
Published: October 2019

Aim. We aimed to assess autoantibodies to M2-cholinoceptors (M2-CR) in patients with paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation (AF) and in patients with AF and arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods. 100 patients with lone AF and 84 patients with AF and AH were included. Patients underwent clinical blood and urinalysis, assessment of biochemistry blood panel, 12-lead ECG, 24-hour Holter monitoring, echocardiography and stress - testing (treadmill or stress - echocardiography). Assessment of IgM and IgG autoantibodies to M2-CR was performed by indirect immunoenzyme assay. The following peptide molecules were used as epitopes for detection of autoantibodies: M1 - amino acid sequence YTVIGYWPLGVVCDL (83-98) of the first extracellular loop of M2-CR; M2 - sequence VRTVEDGECYIQFFSNAAVTFGTAI (168-192) of the second extracellular loop of M2-CR; M3 - sequence NTFCAPCIPNTV (410-421) of the third extracellular loop of M2-CR; M4 - short sequence VEDGECYIQFFS (171-182) of the second extracellular loop of M2-CR; M1+M4 - chimeric molecule formed by sequences of the first and the second extracellular loops of M2-CR connected by disulfide bound YTVIGYWPLGVVCDL + VEDGECYIQFFS (83-98 + 171-182). Results. Autoantibodies to M2-CR were found in 45% patients with lone AF and in 35% patients with AF and AH. In patients with lone AF prevalence of increased IgG to M2-CR were greater than in patients with AF and AH (32% vs 20%; p
Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in atrial fibrillation patients, undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Krivosheeva E N , Kropacheva E S , Panchenko E P , Samko A N
Published: October 2019

Aim. To evaluate efficacy and safety of reduced dose of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as part of triple antithrombotic therapy in AF patients, undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to identify factors, associated with this strategy. Materials and methods. The study is a cohort analysis of AF patients with AF, who successfully underwent elective PCI and assigned DOACs as part of triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT).Influence of a reduced DOACs dose as a part of TAT on the frequency of thecomposite efficacy endpoint (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolic events, cardiovascular death and angina pectoris aggravation/need for unplanned PCI) and safety endpoint (hemorrhagic complications BARC types 2-5) were assessed using the Log-Rank criterion. Results. The study included 124 pts (69.4% women, mean aged 69±8.2 years). Themedian total score CHA2DS2-VASc was 5, the median of the Charlson index composed 7. Half (52%) of AF patients with high risk of thrombotic events after elective PCI received reduced-DOACs dose. Median follow up period was 11.0 month. 17 adverse thrombotic events were recorded during this period, BARC 2-5 bleedings occurred in 27 patients. Reduced DOACs doses in AF patients undergoing PCI were associated with significant increase of thrombotic events during follow up period compared to patients received full DOACs doses (0.79 vs 0.93, Log-Rank p=0.0292). Patients, who received full and reduced DOAC doses, were comparable in the frequency of BARC 2-5 bleedings (0.78 vs 0.75, Log-Rank p=0.06742). Conclusions. The administration of a reduced DOACs dose as a part of TAT in patients with AF, who underwent PCI, was associated with significant increase in the incidence of all thrombotic events, compared to patients, who received full dose of anticoagulants. The number of hemorrhagic complications was comparable.
The Dynamics of Google within the Frame of a Large Technical System
Authors: Schäfer Julian Johannes
Published: October 2019

The Large Technical System approach was introduced by the influential historian of technology, Thomas P. Hughes, in the 1970’s and is one of the most prominent theoretical frameworks within the Science and Technology Studies. However, it has found little attention in relation to the digital realm. This research applies the LTS framework onto the US-American company Google and seeks to bring a conceptual understanding to the company’s exponential growth. Thus, it describes the emergence and evolution of Google as a complex system – an alignment of components of technical and non-technical nature – and assigns patterns and concepts to its development. This research provides an answer to how Google not only gained a system structure but also reached the notion of momentum. Yet, suggesting a social constructivist path, this paper secludes by elucidating the influencing power of the LTS’s user – an important factor which was widely disregarded in the initial works of Hughes.
Let the People Decide! Assessing the Democratic Legitimacy of the Brexit Referendum
Authors: Rozenburg Jacob
Published: October 2019

While the decision to organise a Brexit has been the subject of seemingly endless debate, the legitimacy of this decision is generally accepted by those on both sides of the fence. The notion that a Brexit must happen, whatever the costs, as “the people have spoken”, has cemented itself in the public debate as some form of objective truth. However, in order to safeguard British democracy, it is in fact necessary to take a more critical approach to this perceived “legitimacy”. In order to provide such an approach, this paper challenges the Brexit’s democratic legitimacy on two levels. First, using Canovan’s “redemptive” and “pragmatic” faces of democracy, it argues that the “will of the people” has been unable to legitimise the decision to leave the EU. Second, focusing in on the conduct of the referendum, it argues that due to procedural errors, the referendum has additionally been unable to translate “the will of the people” in the first place. By taking this two-step approach to the Brexit’s legitimacy question, this paper exposes the general fragile nature of referenda and highlights how the Brexit referendum has failed to communicate the “will of the people” and subsequently strengthen the UK’s democratic process.
Strategies of Climate Change Denial: The case of Thierry Baudet
Authors: Van der Wel Roelien
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses different strategies of climate change denial and focusses on the specific case of Dutch politician Thierry Baudet. Much of the literature concerning climate change denial focusses on Anglo-American cases, therefore more research non-English speaking countries is necessary. The theoretical framework describes the state of the art concerning climate change denialism and its links to occurring phenomena in Western societies and politics such as post-truth and populism. Afterwards, by conducting a deductive analysis of  Thierry Baudet’s climate denialism in the Netherlands, a more thorough understanding of the different strategies proposed by Stefan Rahmstorf  and Engels et al. is reached. Although all four categories are detected in Baudet’s denialism, consensus denial seems to be the most prevalent. The analysis of his usage of the notion of a climate apocalypse, combined with the analysis of his specific focus on consensus denial, broadens the understanding of how climate change denial can relate to populism.
(De)Legitimizing Surveillance Revelations through the Media Lenses
Authors: Czabanowska Maria
Published: October 2019

This research interprets and explains how and why the British newspapers such as The Guardian, the Daily Mail, and The Independent, have (de)legitimized the NSA Snowden revelations of 2013. The study uses critical discourse analysis to understand what media framing techniques are used by the media sources and how can they be explained by looking at the core ideologies and news values of the newspapers. The corpus used for the analysis includes ninety articles in total, consisting of thirty per newspaper. The frames are identified using Entman’s (1993; 2005) definitions of media framing. They are then explained using the (de)legitimisation techniques by Van Leuuwen and Wodak (1999) in a comparative manner. The analysis reveals that The Guardian focuses on deligitimising surveillance and justifying their decision to cooperate with Edward Snowden on the basis of legality, public interest, morality, and power abuse. The Daily Mail legitimises surveillance using arguments concerning security, counterterrorism, and citizen protection while concentrating on Snowden’s personal life, love, lifestyle and character. The Independent follows an informative narrative to raise awareness about the scandal through a politically autonomous stance. It allows the readership to shape their opinion on the subject by presenting them with contra and pro surveillance arguments.
Transforming Society for the Better?
Authors: Aldendorff Nadja
Published: October 2019

In 2014, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China released a document that called for the construction of a nationwide Social Credit System (SCS) with the goal to encourage sincerity and punish insincerity. The system uses blacklists that citizens land on for various cases of misbehavior, ranging from failing to pay a fine to being caught Jaywalking. This research explains the design process behind the SCS and in particular why many Chinese citizens are embracing this form of surveillance. It focuses on three topics to answer this question: the historical roots underlying the system, the perceived lack of trust in Chinese society and the comparison with concepts from surveillance theories developed in the West. From the analysis, following conclusions could be drawn: Historically, the state has often acted as a promoter and enforcer of moral virtue. The SCS fits perfectly into this tradition. The most prominent reason for the positive Chinese reaction is the lack of institutions in China that promote trust between citizens and businesses. There is a severe trust deficit which the government had to find a solution for. Regarding surveillance theory, Foucault’s concept of ‘panopticism’ shows similarities with the SCS and underlines its effectiveness in changing and steering people’s behavior while Lyon’s notion of ‘social sorting’ is used to demonstrate the potential dangers of the Chinese system.
Determinants of E-service quality features on customer satisfaction : A study among e-shoppers
Authors: Krishnadas R. , Renganathan R.
Published: October 2019

Electronic-Retailing(E-tailing) is gaining prominence across the globe, duly supported by advancement in technologies and digitization. The e-tailing growth has been driven by increasing smartphone & internet penetration, the launch of affordable 4G networks, the existence of security & logistics infrastructure and growing consumer wealth across the world (World Economic Forum). Exclusive customer offers, promotional campaigns, cashback and redemptions by e-commerce service providers and bankers through online channel have also aided the growth in electronic-retailing. E-tailing is a part of e-commerce, where it deals only with B2C customers. This study will be helpful in identifying influential E-service quality factors that are affecting consumer satisfaction with respect to the online channel. Survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire and responses were elicited from 230 e-tail customers. Both Primary and secondary data are used for this study. Primary data is collected through survey method. Secondary information is gathered from different sources such as online web-sources, newspapers, research journals, industry reports, etc. The study considered e-retailing customers of amazon who made at least one purchase on the website for the last year. Amazon has the highest market share among the e-retailers.The results demonstrated that post-purchase behavior aspects like on-time delivery of the product and providing the exact product at the time of delivery plays a significant role in enhancing customer satisfaction.
Using Internal Control As A Moderator Relationship Between Factor Of Financial Engineering AND Financial Performance In IRAQI Banks
Authors: Merie Al_Khero Iman Muayad , Bin Janudin Sharul Effendy , Khalid Azam Abdelhakeem
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to examines the relationship between the factors of financial engineering and financial engineering by using internal control (IC) as a moderator in Iraq banks
Growth Of Entrepreneur Development In India
Authors: Dr A. Aruna Devi  , P. Nandhini
Published: October 2019

Academic Open Access journal is determined in publishing the most authentic and current trends in the arcade of discoveries & inventions. Open Access allow the reach of the information to its super late level thereby encouraging and improving the element, impact and the reach of the study on a global scale.  The information should be made in the form of research articles, review of literature , case reports, etc. The attempt has made to study about the implication of growth and trends about entrepreneur. This scientific journal  to create a platform includes a wide range of fields in its discipline. Review of literature examine the growth of entrepreneur and step to develop. The study found the recent reforms in skill development and measure the new technologies enables starts-ups. Grass root level should be targeted to improve the self employment opportunity in society
Re-engineering the Growth and Sustainability of Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Agrarian Sector in Zimbabwe
Authors: N Munyawarara  , K K Govender
Published: October 2019

SMEs in the agrarian sector of some developing nations are performing poorly, and reengineering them is viewed as one of the primary strategies for effective growth and sustainability of the agrarian sector. The contribution and impact of strategies for reengineering the growth of SMEs in the agrarian sector have not been fully explored. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the impact of strategies for reengineering the growth of SMEs and agriculture development in Zimbabwe, during the period 2015-2020. The results from a survey of SMEs in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe revealed that the growth of SMEs in the agrarian sector will impact food security, the standard of living of communities, increase employment,economic growth and market share.
Contemporary Employee Recruitment Practices and Areas of Future Research in Indian Railways
Authors: Rao Akhila , T Shailashri V. , Chaudhuri Molly Sanjay , Kumar Kondru Sudheer
Published: October 2019

The modern business milieu is highly competitive due to vast technological advancement which makes employees a vital source of competitive advantage. Precisely, the recruitment process has become a key determinant of an organization’s success and a logistic capital resource to the human resource; thus, the process should be entirely modern. A conventional recruitment and selection process comprises of job analysis, manpower planning, and recruitment and selection. The current study seeks to explore employee recruitment practices and proposes areas of future research in Indian Railways using secondary data. It also gives recommendations on how to improve the recruitment practices in the government-owned Indian Railways. The trends investigated in the study include the applicant tracking software (ATS), use of video resumes, Chatbots, the utilization of social networks, and increased focus on passive candidates.
Teacher Effectiveness in relation to Values
Authors: Kumar Roopendra , Rani Sunita
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this present paper conducted a study of teacher effectiveness in relation to values. Teacher is a main role model for the learners for effective learning and changing appropriate behaviour in the schools and colleges. 200 teachers were selected from central schools of Uttarakhand state for the present study. Objectives were defined of this study to find out relationship between teacher effectiveness and values. Value has six dimension, theoretical value, economic value, aesthetic value, social value, political value religious value. Teacher effectiveness scale constructed by P. kumar and D.N. Mutha and value inventory standardized by Harbhajan L. Singh and S.P. Ahaluwalia for collecting of data. Results of this study reveal that there is a positive relationship of theoretical value, aesthetic value and social value with teacher effectiveness. And negative relationship of economic value, political value and religious value with teacher effectiveness was found.
The purpose of Arabic Literature in developing Arabic Language Teaching
Authors: Azam Mohd.
Published: October 2019

The beginner of Arabic as a second language is usually eager first and foremost to attain a level of competency in accepting the culture that embodies the language. As literary arts concurrence the reader, listener and learner a certain pleasure associated with reflection and imagination, the educational material selected for the purpose should include literary texts that help in projecting the ideas and accommodating the linguistic rules. The education of Arabic language as a significant confluence. This is manifested by the extraordinary attention shown by speakers of other languages in Arabic language.
Positive And Supportive Teacher Student Relationship
Authors: Tripathi Parmanand
Published: October 2019

Every teacher must realize that he/she needs to be highly motivated, committed, passionate, and optimistic towards his/her students as well as his/her teaching in order to create a positive and productive impact on the students and their learning outcomes. It is a proven fact that teachers who are sincere, caring, approachable, supportive and inspiring can easily enable their students to become enthusiastic, successful and creative learners. John Hattie, a proponent of Evidence Based Quantitative Research Methodologies on the Influences on Student achievement, who is also a Professor of Education and Director of the Melbourne Education Research Institute at the University of Melbourne, Australia, has noted in his study that a harmonious classroom can assist with the development of creativity as well as reduce anxiety levels amongst students. In my opinion, the primary objective of all effective and conscious teachers should be to promote a safe and healthy learning environment wherein students will feel confident, comfortable, happy and accepted. Time and again, I am convinced of the fact that only effective and conscious teachers understand, acknowledge and therefore, appreciate the significance of creating a rapport and bonding with their students for providing an education that is positive, productive and progressive. When teachers display a positive and congenial attitude towards their students, they not only make them ‘learn better, faster and deeper’ but make them self-confident and self-reliant too. Building positive, supportive, cooperative and mutually strong teacher-student relationships is the key to create a welcoming, healthy and conducive learning space in which students are enabled to thrive, prosper and go on to become what they are meant to be in life. And it is only by forging and nurturing a strong and positive relationship with their students, can teachers create a healthy and conducive learning atmosphere wherein students feel welcome, accepted, respected, loved and cared for, wherein learning becomes fun and joy. Conscious and committed teachers promote the art of positive parenting in every classroom and in every school to enable the students to become confident learners by willingly and happily shouldering the responsibility of being their ‘second parents’.When teachers teach with passion, display positive attitude towards their students and their success, and show genuine care for them, the students reciprocate with respect for their teachers, interest and love for their learning.
Restructuring and the Dilemma of State Police in Nigeria: to Be or Not to Be?
Authors: Saidu Badamasi , Rasheed Zuwaira Haruna , Ahmad Zakuan Ummu Atiyah Binti , Haji Yusoff Kamarul Zaman Bin
Published: October 2019

The success or otherwise of any police system lies in the institutional structure upon which the institution is framed. As a federation, there is need to stress for devolution of power through restructuring for effective police system. This is necessary giving the heightened insecurity and centralise nature of the police institution in the country. The over centralisation of policing has made the institution to be control and influence at the discretion of the political head as provided in section 214 of the 1999 constitution as amended. On the other hand, giving the political immaturity in Nigeria, decentralising the national policing to give way to state police also has its own implication of over beardedness, possible political influence of the governors against oppositions, poor funding and formalisation of political thugs and party supports at the detriment of the security business. In view of these therefore, effective police system will be achieved through constitutional amendment of section 214 by removing the discretional command of the political heads which derogated. The institution should be place under justice system to be govern by rule of law.
Editorial for Volume 9 Issue 2
Authors: Ullman Jonathan , Vilhuber Lars
Published: October 2019

Differential privacy is a promising approach to privacy-preserving data analysis that provides strong worst-case guarantees about the harm that a user could suffer from contributing their data, but is also flexible enough to allow for a wide variety of data analyses to be performed with a high degree of utility. Researchers in differential privacy span many distinct research communities, including algorithms, computer security, cryptography, databases, data mining, machine learning, statistics, programming languages, social sciences, and law.
Two articles in this issue describe applications of differentially private, or nearly differentially private, algorithms to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. A  third article highlights a thorny issue that applies to all implementations of differential privacy: how to choose the key privacy parameter ε,
This special issue also includes selected contributions from the 3rd Workshop on Theory and Practice of Differential Privacy, which was held in Dallas, TX on October 30, 2017 as part of the ACM Conference on Computer Security (CCS).
Relationship between Human and Animal in Kate DiCamillo The Magician's Elephant
Authors: Chairani Syafira Hardina , Masulah Masulah , Setyorini Ari
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between human and animal in Kate DiCamillo’s novel entitled The Magician’s Elephant. This study analyzed how the people in The Magician’s Elephant treat the animal. From the analysis in the research, the researcher found the disharmony of the relationship between humans and animals in the novel. This novel is very anthropocentric, where the people in it do not build good relations with animal, including exploiting and treating animal improperly. Ecocriticism opposes excessive exploitation of nature. All animals in the world have their own rights to life no less certainly as human do. Ecocriticism believes that animals could feel like the human in the world, aware of the world, also aware of what happens to them. Include their bodies, their freedom, even their lives. The researcher used ecocritcism theory to support this research. Qualitative descriptive is used as the research method in this research. Based on the analysis the reasearcher conclude that The Magician’s Elephant have the animal right issues, where humans ought to establish good relations with nature, especially animals
TIMSS 2015: Illustrating Advancements in Large-Scale International Assessments
Authors: Martin Michael O. , Mullis Ina V.S.
Published: October 2019

International large-scale assessments of student achievement such as International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Program for International Student Assessment that have come to prominence over the past 25 years owe a great deal in methodological terms to pioneering work by National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Using TIMSS as an example, this article describes how a number of core techniques, such as matrix sampling, student population sampling, item response theory scaling with population modeling, and resampling methods for variance estimation, have been adapted and implemented in an international context and are fundamental to the international assessment effort. In addition to the methodological contributions of NAEP, this article illustrates how the large-scale international assessments go beyond measuring student achievement by representing important aspects of community, home, school, and classroom contexts in ways that can be used to address issues of importance to researchers and policymakers.
Interprofessional collaboration meningkatkan pelaksanaan sasaran keselamatan pasien
Authors: Kurniasih Yuni , Sari Rita Kartika , Santosa Agus
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi interprofessional collaboration dalam meningkatkan pelaksanaan sasaran keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment. Subyek penelitian adalah perawat dan dokter yang bekerja di unit pelayanan sejumlah 20 orang perawat dan 10 dokter yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat. Setelah diberikan intervensi, interprofessional collaboration yang sudah ada dan pelaksanaan sasaran keselamatan pasien mengalami peningkatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interprofessional collaboration memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap pelaksanaan sasaran keselamatan pasien.
زبان آرامي وزبان فارسى دورۀ میانه
Authors: خلف محمد حتيت
Published: October 2019

زبان آرامی  سامی , وزبانهای فارسی دورۀ میانه از زبانهای مهمی در تاریخ عربی وفارسی هستند که زبان آرامی از لحاظ خط ونوشتن آسان بود تا که از زبانهای رسمی ومشهور محسوب شده بود . این زبان , اقوام سامی که سوی  شام وعراق مهاجرت کردند بوسیلۀ ان صحبت کرده بودند وپس از سقوط بابل بدست پادشهان هخامنشی , زبان رسمی آن امپراطوی بکار رفت بحدیکه اثری مهمی در زبانهای مختلف فارسی تاثیر گذاشت وبر سکه های آن مملکت نوشته شده , وبرای اینکه این موضوع بررسی کردم واثر واهمیت این زبان اظهار نمودم ورای پژوهشگران که در این زمینه بحث کردند پیروی وثبت  کردم .در مبحث اول به اقوام وزبان ارامی , ومبحث دوم به زبانهای دورۀ میانه وخط زبان پهلوی که بعض حروف ان باحروف ارامی شباهت دارد , اشاره کردم.
البُعد التًّداولِي في كتابِ الخصائصِ لابن جِني
Authors: الزاملي مجيد خير الله راهي , الهاشمي شاكر عجيل صاحي
Published: October 2019

اللغة أصواتٌ يُعبّر بها كل قوم عن أغراضِهم([1])، على حدّ قول ابن جني الذي فصّل القول في ذلك انطلاقاً من حاجة العرب للوسيلة اللغوية للتخاطب فيما بينهم، ولم يقتصر مفهوم اللغة على التعبير، إنّما كان مفهوم ابن جني موسعاً، إذ شمل كل من المتكلم الذي يصدر الأصوات، والمتلقّي الذي يحلّلُ ما يسمع من جمل وعبارات في تراكيب لغوية ذات معنى وهدف ومقصد، ثم  الرسالة التي تُعَدُّ حلقة وصل بين المتكلّم والمتلقّي في آن واحد .

     نشأت المناهج والنظريات اللغوية قديماً وحديثاً من اللّغة؛ لأجل البحث وصولاً إلى مضمون اللغة ودلالاتها دراسةً وتحليلاً واستعمالاً، إذ يُعدّ النظر إلى اللغة في حالة الاستعمال أو في حالة التواصل غرضاً متأصّلاً وهدفاً متضَمَّناً في كل إنجاز معرفيّ فيها، لاسيّما إذا كان التّواصُل يؤدّي وسيلةً وظيفيةً مهمّة لكشف مقاصد المتكلّم وأهداف القول ومراميه .

  وبهذا أصبح للغة وظائف كثيرة ، تأتي في مقدّمتها الوظيفة الاجتماعية "بوصفها وسيلة تواصل فضلا عمّا توحيه كلمة الغرض من الدّلالات النفسيّة والشعوريّة التي ينطلق منها المتكلم ويكون سبباً في صناعة خطابه بهذه السّمة أو تلك، من خلال ربط القصد بالغرض، ويليه الهدف الذي ينتجُهُ ويصل إليه التعبير اللغوي"([2]).

   واللسانيات التداولية منهج لساني معاصر " اهتمّ بدراسة اللغة في أثناء الاستعمال تركيزاً على جميع مكونات عملية التواصل من مرسل ومتلقٍّ ورسالة يجب ردّها إلى سياقها الحقيقيّ، وكان هذا بهدف تحقيق الغرض التواصليّ منها ، سعياّ إلى التأثير في المشاركين في العملية التواصليّة ككل "([3]) .

   فالتداولية تتمثل في دراسة المنجز اللغوي في إطار التّواصل؛ لأن اللغة لا تؤدي وظائفها إلا فيه، ولمّا كان الكلام يُبنَى على سياقات اجتماعية محددة ، صار لا بدَّ من معرفة تأثير هذه السياقات في نظام الخطاب المنجز([4])، والعناية بدراسة الشروط التي تنص على مدى نجاح العبارات، وهذه الشروط هي التي تحدد متى تكون هذه الضروب من التحقق مناسبة، ومتى لا تكون كذلك([5])، فضلا عن سعى التّداولية  إلى الإجابة عن عدّة أسئلة منها : من يتكلّمُ؟ ومن المتلقّي ؟ وما مقاصدُنا في أثناء الكلام؟ وكيف نتكلَّمُ بشيء، ونسعى لقول شيء آخر؟، وماذا علينا أن نفعلَ حتى نتجنَّب الإبهام والغموض في عمليّة التواصل؟ وهل المعنى الضمني كاف لتحديد المقصود([6])؟ .

  يُزادُ على ذلك محاولتها استخلاص المعنى الكامن في إطار الخطاب الذي يشكل ثلاثية من "المرسل والمتلقّي والمقام" ، ودراسة استعمال اللّغة بوصفها كلاماً صادراً من متكلّم محدّد وموجهاً إلى مخاطب محدّد بلفظ محدّد في سياق تواصليّ محدّد لتحقيق أغراض تواصلية محدّدة ، ثم شرح كيفية جريان العمليات الاستدلالية في معالجة الملفوظات ، مع مراعاتها لبيان أسباب أفضلية التّواصل غير المباشر وغير الحرفي على التواصل الحرفي المباشر([7]) ، بواسطة وصف الآليات غير اللغوية لتأويل الأقوال من جهة، وبوصفها مجالاً نظريّاً خاصاً يشخّص العلاقة الموجودة بين موضوع اللسانيات وظواهره من جهة أخرى، مع أخذها بعين الاعتبار وصف المكونات التخاطبية

 

[1] انظر : ابن جني : الخصائص : 1 / 67 .

[2] هيثم محمد مصطفى : ملامح من النظرية الوظيفية (التواصلية) عند ابن جني في كتابه الخصائص :6 ، 7.

[3] انظر : تغريد عبد الحكيم : الأفعال الكلامية في كتاب الحيوان للجاحظ :24 .

[4] انظر : ظافر الشهري : استراتيجيات الخطاب : 23.

[5] انظر: علي آيت أوشان : السياق والنص الشعري   : 260 .

[6] انظر : السياق والنص الشعري : 55.

[7] انظر :  مسعود صحراوي : التداولية عند العلماء العرب 26، 27.
التباين المكاني للمستوى التعليمي للمرأة في العراق وتخطيطها لحياتها
Authors: احمد اسراء هيثم
Published: October 2019

تناولت هذه الدراسة واقع المستوى التعليمي للمرأة في العراق بأستعمال استمارة الاستبيان التي تضمنت كم هائل من المتغيرات عن جوانب حياة المرأة التعليمية العراقية للمتغيرات التي تتمثل بالحد الادنى للمستوى التعليمي الذي يجب ان تحصل عليه المرأة، ونوع البرنامج التعليمي الذي ترغب الالتحاق به، وتخطيطها لحياتها المستقبلية واخيراً تناولت الدراسة أبرز المعوقات التي تحول دون تحقيق رغبتها في المستقبل. وقد استنتج ان هناك اتجاهاً نحو الزواج المبكر في المجتمع العراقي وان هذا الاتجاه قد ازداد عند الاجيال الجديدة. وان هناك علاقة قوية بين التعليم كعامل مساعد لتمكين من مشاركة المرأة في الأنشطة المجتمعية.
بناء وتطبيق بطاقة ملاحظة لقياس مهارات التواصل الرياضي وفق نموذج ((NCTM لدى معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات
Authors: راضي عبود جواد
Published: October 2019

شعر الباحث بمشكلة البحث الحالي من خلال خبرته المتراكمة في مجال التعليم والتدريس لأكثر من (25) سنة إذا أسندت اليه مهام تعليم وتدريس مادة الرياضيات ومن خلال اطلاعه على نتائج بعض الدراسات ذات العلاقة بموضوع مهارات التواصل الرياضي كدراسة (المحمود،2011 :7) ودراسة (نصر،2011: 32) ودراسة (البهادلي،2011: 12) ودراسة (الأبيار،2012: 94) وايضاً من خلال لقاءاته ومحاوراته لبعض معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات بخصوص آرائهم وملاحظاتهم عن وسائل القياس والتقويم التي يتبعها المشرفون الاختصاص لمادة الرياضيات وكذلك ومن خلال نتائج الاستبانة التي وجهها الباحث لعينة عشوائية مكونة من(100) معلماً ومعلمة رياضيات من لم يشاركوا في دورة التعريف بنموذج  ( (NCTM  التي أقيمت في مديرية تربية واسط في العام الدراسي 2014-2015 اذ تضمنت هذه الاستبانة السؤال الاتي ((هل تعتقد ان وسائل قياس وتقويم مهارات التواصل الرياضي التي يستعملها المشرفون الاختصاص في تقويم أدائكم كانت جيدة وفاعلة ام غير جيدة ولا تلبي الطموح ولماذا؟ فكانت إجابة(94%)منهم بان هذه الوسائل والأدوات هي غير جيدة وغير فعالة وقديمة ولا تواكب التطورات المعاصرة في مجال قياس وتقويم أداء معلمي الرياضيات وايضاً انها لا تلبي الطموح اذ ترى نتائج دراسة (آل عامر،2009: 77) أن اتباع وسائل قياس وتقويم  قديمة وغير فعالة لتقويم أداء وكفاء معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات قد توثر سلباً في دافعية هؤلاء المعلمين والمعلمات نحو مهنة تعليم وتدريس مادة الرياضيات وبالتالي قد تؤدي الى انخفاض مستوى الإنجاز الدراسي التلاميذ في هذه المادة الدراسية المهمة مما يزيد من ارتفاع نسب الرسوب والتسرب للتلاميذ  (المحمود،2011 : 14) وتشير نتائج دراسة ( بدوي،2004: 92) أن الطرائق التقليدية المتبعة في تقويم أداء معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات كانت غير ملائمة وذلك للسلبيات الكثيرة التي تتوافر فيها (رضا،2005: 64) وترى نتائج دراسة (الرفاعي،2007: 5) ان الطرائق والوسائل والنماذج المعاصرة المتبعة في تقويم أداء معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات قد تعطي نتائج طيبة ومثمرة وصادقة وموضوعية ومن هذه النماذج هو نموذج ( (NCTM (نموذج المجلس القومي لمعلمي الرياضيات في امريكا ) وانطلاقاً مما تقدم ارتأى الباحث الخوض في غمار هذا الموضوع الحيوي والمهم الذي تتمثل مشكلة البحث فيه بالإجابة عن التساؤل الاتي ((خطوات بناء وتطبيق بطاقة ملاحظة لقياس مهارات التواصل الرياضي وقف نموذج((NCTM لدى معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات والكشف عن درجة تمكن عينة البحث من هذه المهارات بحسب متغير لجنس(الذكور، الاناث)((
RALPH DAHRENDORF
Authors: Umanailo M Chairul Basrun
Published: October 2019

Konflik membangun intensitas dan kekerasan konflik kelas. Intensitas menunjuk pada “pengeluaran energi dan tingkat keterlibatan dari pihak-pihak yang berkonflik”. Menurut konsep intensitas, peran individu dalam suatu kelompok dapat dinilai sebagai tolok ukur dalam penentuan hasil apakah mereka terlibat didalamnya atau tidak. Variabel utama yang mempengaruhi intensitas adalah tingkat keserupaan konflik di berbagai asosiasi serta tingkat mobilitas.Konsep kekerasan menunjuk pada alat-alat yang digunakan pihak yang saling bertentangan untuk mencapai tujuannya. Kekerasan dapat dilakukan melalui negosiasi yang tenang dan dapat juga melalui kekerasan fisik.
High-resolution Characterization of Quartzites in Sourcing Analysis: Intra-Outcrop Variability at Naibor Soit, Tanzania
Authors: Soto Maria , Favreau Julien , Carter Tristan , Durkin Paul R. , Hubbard Stephen , Nair Rajeev , Bushozi Pastory M. , Mercader Julio
Published: October 2019

Despite the common exploitation of quartzites as raw materials during the African Stone Age, petrographic and geochemical characterization studies are scarce in Palaeolithic archaeology. Naibor Soit outcrop in Oldupai Gorge (Tanzania), considered the main source for lithic procurement in the area, probably represents the exception to this analytical scarcity. Previous analysis determined resource variability and the existence of singular mineral assemblages and geochemical compositions.This study present the first systematic survey and EDXRF characterization of 86 samples from the two inselbergs conforming Naibor Soit. Samples are associated to nine macroscopic varieties and mineralogically composed by quartz, muscovite, occasional hematite, rutile and fuchsite. Geochemical analysis, compared also with the available data, confirm the existence of inter-/ intra-outcrop variability and suggest compositional similarities among some areas of both inselbergs.This paper proportionate high-resolution data and elevated predictive values for future archaeological sourcing studies in the area. Results emphasized in the necessity of systematic surveys and sampling to fully understand raw materials variability and the factors determining selection and exploitation as part of palaeocological behaviours.
Neo Positivisme- Positivisme- Post positivisme
Authors: Umanailo M Chairul Basrun
Published: October 2019

Positivisme modern dikembangkan oleh filosof abad 20 dan dikenal sebagai positivistiklogik. Yang memberi nama positivisme logik adalah A.E. Blumberg dan Herbert Feigel pada tahun1932. Nama lain dari empirisme logik adalah neopositivisme. Tradisi kelompok Wina yang empiristik mengembangkan terus diskusinya. Moritz Schlik dan Rudolph Camap ikut bergabung pula, dan mereka menjadi tokoh sentralnya. Perlu dicatat di sini bahwa kelompok Wina ini minoritas di Eropa; yang dominan adalah tradisi Jerman yang menganut idealism Kant
KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Juandi Agi
Published: October 2019

Pendidikan merupakan proses interaksi manusiawi yang ditandai keseimbangan anatara kedaulatan subjek didik dengan kewibawaan pendidikPendidikan merupakan usaha penyiapan subjek didik menghadapi lingkungan yang mengalami perubahan yang semakin pesatPendidikan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan pribadi dan masyarakatPendidikan berlangsung seumur hidupPendidikan merupakan kiat dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi bagi pembentukan manusia seutuhnya.Dalam rana pendidikan tentunya terdapat beberapa faktor manusia yang merupakan pengelola pendidikan seperti kepala sekolah, Guru, dan tenaga administrasi sekolah. Semuanya diatur secara terperinci oleh Peraturan Mentri Pendidikan Nasional (Permendiknas) diantaranya :Permendiknas No 13 Tahun 2007 tentang Kepala Sekolah, untuk menjadi seorang Kepala Sekolah tentunya harus sesuai/memenuhi kualifikasi yang telah ditetapkan baik secara khusus maupun Umum.Permendiknas No 16 Tahun 2007 tentang Guru, ada 4 standar kompetensi guru, diantaranya :Kompetensi Pedagogik Kompetensi Kepribadian Kompetensi Sosial Kompetensi Profesional Permendiknas No 24 Tahun 2008 tentang Tenaga Administrasi Sekolah, menegaskan bahwa Tenaga administrasi sekolah/madrasah terdiri atas kepala tenaga administrasi sekolah/madrasah, pelaksana urusan, dan petugas layanan khusus.
Potensi Pemanfaatan Ampas Tebu sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan
Authors: Suryaningrum Lusi Herawati , Samsudin Reza
Published: October 2019

Ampas tebu merupakan salah satu produk samping yang dihasilkan oleh industri gula dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Ampas tebu yang dihasilkan oleh proses produksi gula mencapai 25-35% dari total berat tebu yang digunakan. Pada tahun 2017 luas areal tebu di Indonesia mencapai 453.456 Ha, dengan total produksi tebu nasional mencapai 2.465.450 ton. Ampas tebu merupakan material lignoselulosa dengan komponen utama karbohidrat (60-80%) yang terdapat dalam bentuk selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang terikat dalam matrik lignin. Komponen lain yang terkandung dalam ampas tebu adalah protein 0,8-2,4%, serat kasar 43,0-58,5%, selulosa 35,8-58,4%, lignin 9,9-22,3%, hemiselulosa 16,4-42,4%, ADF 38,3-64,9%, NDF 59,0-93,7%, lemak 0,07-1,7% serta abu 1,0-3,9%. Teknologi pengolahan diperlukan untuk mereduksi karakter lignin serta menghidrolisis selulosa sehingga kualitas ampas tebu meningkat. Tulisan ini mengkaji pemanfaatan ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan air tawar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi beberapa metode terbukti meningkatkan kualitas ampas tebu sehingga potensial digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan.
MODEL MATEMATIKA PENGELUARAN MINIMUM PADA HOME INDUSTRI SEPATU CIBADUYUT
Authors: Heningputri Sayyidina Ganesha , Aurachman Rio
Published: October 2019

Setiap minggunya industri rumahan Pak Mamat membuat tiga sepatu yaitu flat shoes, sepatu hak dan wedges. Pak Mamat harus memutuskan biaya pengeluaran minimum yang akan dikeluarkan untuk membeli bahan baku yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk membuat sepatu. Terdapat beberapa bahan baku yang digunakan oleh industri sepatu rumahan Pak Mamat yaitu insol, bahan semi kulit, fiber, hak, ujung keras, paku, spons, dan juga puring. Untuk membuat flat shoes, sepatu hak dan wedges bahan yang digunakan adalah sama hanya saja untuk sepatu jenis flat shoes penggunaan hak tidak digunakan. Bahan baku yang digunakan juga memiliki constraint untuk tiap tiap bahannya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencari biaya minimum yang akan dikeluarkan untuk membeli bahan baku pembuatan sepatu adalah menggunakan pendekatan linier programming. Dengan bantuan software QM untuk mencari solusi dan iterasi simplex.
Artikel review : Linking religiosity to citizenship behaviour under materialism attitude, Empirical evidence from Indonesia
Authors: indah
Published: October 2019

Artikel ini ditulis oleh Aluisius Hery Pratono dengan tujuan penulisan artikel : Linking religiosity to citizenship behaviour under materialism attitude, Empirical evidence from Indonesia yaitu untuk memahami hubungan kompleks antara religiusitas dan perilaku kewarganegaraan dengan menguji peran sikap materialisme dan empati.
Artikel Review: From social network to firm performance: The mediating effect of trust, selling capability and pricing capability
Authors: Maharani Raden Roro Irfani
Published: October 2019

Penulisan review artikel: "From social network to firm performance: The mediating effect of trust, sellingcapability and pricing capability" dimana artikel ini ditulis oleh Aluisius Hery Pratono. tujuan review artikel ini untuk mengetahui hipotesis pada penelitian, variabel-variabel yang digunakan, cara pengumpulan data dan cara menganalisis data serta hasil dari penelitian tersebut.
Relational operant training increases Non-Verbal IQ in primary school children with far transfer towards reading test scores: An active-controlled trial.
Authors: McLoughlin Shane , Tyndall Ian , Pereira Antonina , Mulhern Teresa
Published: October 2019

Research suggests that training relational operant patterns of behavior can lead to increases in general cognitive ability and educational outcomes. Most studies to date have been under-powered and included proxy measures of educational attainment. We attempted to extend previous findings with increased experimental control in younger children (aged 6.9-10.1 yrs.). Participants (N = 49) were assigned to either a relational training or chess control group. Over five months, teachers assigned class-time to complete either relational training or play chess. Those who were assigned relational training gained 8.9 Non-Verbal IQ (NVIQ) points, while those in the control condition recorded no gains. Regression analyses revealed that post-training NVIQ predicted reading ability scores over and above baseline NVIQ, indicating transfer of traning effects to educational outcomes.
Intact tactile detection yet biased tactile localization in a hand-centered frame of reference: A case study
Authors: Liu Yuqi , O'Neal Alexandria , Rafal Robert D. , Medina Jared
Published: October 2019

We examined the performance of an individual with subcortical damage, but an intact somatosensory thalamocortical pathway, to examine the functional architecture of tactile detection and tactile localization processes. Consistent with the intact somatosensory thalamocortical pathway, tactile detection on the contralesional hand was well within the normal range. Despite intact detection, the individual demonstrated substantial localization biases. Across all experiments, he consistently localized tactile stimuli to the left side in space relative to the long axis of his hand. This was observed when the contralesional hand was palm up, palm down, rotated 90° relative to the long axis of the trunk, and when making verbal responses. Furthermore, control experiments demonstrated that this response pattern was unlikely a motor response error. Overall these findings provide strong evidence that tactile detection and localization are completely dissociable processes, and tactile localization on the body is influenced by proprioceptive information specifically in a hand-centered frame of reference. We discuss implications of these findings on models of tactile processing.
Remembrance across Borders: A Dialogue on One Educator’s Experience of Studying Indigenous Education in Germany
Authors: Morris Maia , Hanson Aubrey Jean
Published: October 2019

This article examines remembrance as an intersecting site for Indigenous and German Studies. Attending to the practice of remembrance, it looks at learners’ relationships with different, difficult pasts as a way of teaching towards better futures. The authors—weaving together the voices of student and instructor—explore a future teacher’s intersectional experience of taking an Indigenous Education course in Canada while simultaneously teaching in an international placement in Germany. Examining her experiences of studying Canadian Indian Residential School history while also visiting Holocaust memorial sites, this educator considers complex questions of pedagogy, memory, and social change through a transdisciplinary dialogue.
A Booming City in the Far North
Authors: Sukneva Svetlana , Laruelle Marlene
Published: October 2019

Many cities of Russia’s Far North face a massive population decline, with the exception of those based on oil and gas extraction in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Yet, there is one more exception to that trend: the city of Yakutsk, capital of the Sakha (Yakutia)
Republic, whose population is booming, having grown from 186,000 in 1989 to 338,000 in 2018, This unique demographic dynamism is founded on the massive exodus of the ethnic Yakut population from rural parts of the republic to the capital city, a process that has reshaped the urban cultural landscape, making Yakutsk a genuine indigenous regional capital, the only one of its kind in the Russian Far North.
The Implementation Challenges to Women Protection Laws in Pakistan
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Haider Syed Imran , Khattak Farhana
Published: October 2019

Gender equality and the elimination of violence against women has been taken a high priority on the international development agenda. Pakistan has introduced different laws from time to time for the safety and protection of women across the country including the different provinces. The paper analyzed pro-women and girl laws in the provinces of Sindh and tried to find out the barriers in the implementation of such laws. The major barriers found include the structural barriers at the level of judicial, police and the system of prosecution. In addition, the socio-cultural normative structure of society is strongly patriarchal. The political interests of different leaders, as well as political parties, also get the issue of implementation compromised.
Consecuencias antropológicas de la comunicación de masas: Un análisis teórico-empírico del caso argentino
Authors: Elizalde Luciano
Published: October 2019

Los modelos de estudio de los efectos de los medios de comunicación de masas no han podido explicar con suficiente claridad de qué manera éstos afectan e incluyen en al vida de las personas y de sus sociedades. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar un modelo de explicación de los efectos de los medios de comunicación de masas que supere algunas debilidades de los modelos convencionales. Para hacerlo, se utilizaron tres puntos de vista complementarios: el análisis histórico, el microsociológico y el comunicativo. Estas tres líneas confluyen en el análisis de unas consecuencias que pueden ser definidas como "antropológicas" ya que son cambios que los medios generaron no sólo sobre una sociedad sino sobre la especie humana. Finalmente, el método de trabajo ha sido el de la construcción de teoría por medio de uso de datos cualitativos.
Por una historia comparada del periodismo. Factores de progreso y atraso
Authors: Guillamet Jaume
Published: October 2019

El artículo contiene propuestas metodológicas para la investigación comparada en historia del periodismo, aún limitada por criterios de organización en periodos inspirados en exceso en los propios de la historia política y social y falta de elementos contrastados de interpretación global. Por una parte, plantea un esquema general interpretativo de las distintas cronologías nacionales, sobre la base de la comparación entre las principales tradiciones de referencia, como Gran Bretaña, Francia, Alemania, Italia, Estados Unidos y España. Por otra, la identificación de una serie de factores de progreso y de atraso en la historia general del periodismo que favorezcan el análisis interpretativo general, así como la comprensión de los riitmos evolutivos en cada marco nacional y la comparación entre tradiciones.