bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transdisciplinary Nature of STEAM Education
Authors: Huffman Douglas , Thomas Kelli , Basham James D.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and explain multiple methods of integrating STEAM into the curriculum for pre-service teachers. The chapter includes both stand-alone modular methods of integration and continuous integration methods that attempt to merge STEAM concepts throughout the curriculum. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, along with the challenges teachers faces as they attempt to integrate STEAM. Recommendations are made along with suggestions for the future direction of STEAM integration as the field becomes more transdisciplinary.
Using Arts Education in STEM With the Science and Engineering Practice of Developing and Using Models
Authors: Burks Lizette A.
Published: February 2020

Since 2013 more than three-quarters of the United States has adopted science education standards based on the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Science education is often integrated with multiple disciplines including technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and in more recent movements integrated with the arts (STEAM). This chapter examined preservice teachers' preconceptions about the practice of developing and using models in science education and practical integration of the arts through this central practice. The results of the study indicated preservice elementary preconception survey scores were higher when describing the practice as a social endeavor than any other aspect of the practice. Using social endeavors as a lever in elementary teacher education can help preservice teachers utilize this critical practice in more expansive ways (investigatory, sensemaking, critiquing). Examining the way the arts manifest in the practice of developing and using models within the NGSS serves as a first step to finding meaningful ways for integration.
A Dynamic Threshold Based Energy Efficient Method for Cloud Datacenters
Authors: Shally  , Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2020

Cloud computing has opened new avenues in the computing resource provisioning. It is providing affordable computing services to the users and opportunities to the cloud service providers to scale up their business. However, the upscaling resulted in the creation of huge datacenters running round the clock. Energy consumption in these datacenters is becoming a burning issue due to environmental hazards and operating costs. A novel method using dynamic threshold has been proposed in this article. Thresholds are used to migrate the virtual machines (VM) on physical machines (PM) for consolidation. A dynamic threshold selection method is used to reduce energy consumed by physical machines of the data centers. The upper and lower thresholds are set dynamically based upon the previous pattern of the CPU utilization. Experiments conducted on PlanetLab data show significant improvement in the energy efficiency without compromising SLA.
Agile Scrum Issues at Large-Scale Distributed Projects
Authors: Khalid Ayesha , Butt Shariq Aziz , Jamal Tauseef , Gochhait Saikat
Published: February 2020

The agile model is a very vast and popular model in use in the software industry currently. It changes the way software is developed. It was introduced in 2001 to overcome deficiencies of software development in a workshop arranged by researchers and practitioners who were involved with the agile concept. They introduced the complete agile manifesto. The agile model has main components that make it more viable for use in well-organized software development. One of these is scrum methodology. The reason for the agile-scrum popularity is its use for small-scale projects, making small teams and allows change requests at any stage of a project from the client. It works for client satisfaction. Instead of so much popularity and distinctive features, agile-scrum also has some limitations when used for large scale projects development that makes it less efficient for development. This article discusses the agile-scrum methodology and its limitations when using for large-scale project organization.
Sustainability analysis of new household connections to the municipal sewage collection network in Paraná
Authors: Sachet Marlene Alves de Campos , Bilotta Patrícia
Published: February 2020

The implementation of sewage collection systems alone does not guarantee public health, since households must be correctly connected to the network in order to derive any benefit from these public works. In order to ensure an environmental and social return on investments in sanitation, a) population must be instructed concerning the role of each citizen, and b) companies responsible for the provision of water and sewage services must be managed in a coordinated and participative manner. This study sought to understand why many households do not respond promptly to the “Connect to the Network” program in the state of Parana and how much the further efforts cost to the sanitation company to regularize this problem. The methodology consisted of analyzing the program’s socio-environmental intervention strategies, interviews and service reports for 17 projects (13,286 household connections). The results: no projects achieved 100% of household connections; total connections were less than 80% in 40% of the projects; the additional cost of re-implementing social and environmental initiatives was R$ 680,000.00. We recommend that user representatives be allowed to participate in the network-deployment process, that social awareness and mobilization strategies be expanded and diversified, and that free home connections be completed for low-income families. This study may aid development agencies to arrive at a standardized methodology for the objective evaluation of socio-environmental initiatives that are to be carried out within the community; it may also aid in the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 6 (sanitation services for the entire population).
Množično samoanketiranje v praksi
Authors: Tiran Jernej , Geršič Matjaž , Kozina Jani , Kumer Peter
Published: February 2020

Načrtovanje in izvedba anketne raziskave sta zelo kompleksna procesa. Spremljajo ju številni izzivi, ki pomembno vplivajo na uspešnost anketne raziskave. To velja tudi za samoanketiranje, kjer proces odgovarjanja poteka brez prisotnosti anketarja. Namen prispevka je osvetliti izbrane, doslej slabše raziskane metodološke vidike samoanketiranja: izbor načina anketiranja, stopnja sodelovanja, varovanje osebnih podatkov ter stroški in logistika. Rezultati temeljijo na primerjalni analizi štirih samoanketiranj z zelo velikimi vzorci, izvedenih med letoma 2012 in 2017. Na podlagi ugotovitev smo oblikovali nekaj metodoloških priporočil, ki so snovalcem in izvajalcem anketiranj lahko v pomoč pri načrtovanju in izvedbi raziskave.
Brain Mapping Performance as an Occupational Therapy Assessment Aid in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Chatthong Winai , Khemthong Supalak , Wongsawat Yodchanan
Published: February 2020

Importance: Brain mapping performance (BMP) may provide strong predictors to analyze primary functional outcomes and support occupational therapy with clients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objective: To clarify the value of quantitative electroencephalography to indicate BMP in children with ADHD.

Design: One-year cross-sectional study.

Setting: Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.

Participants: Thai school-age children with and without ADHD (N = 305).

Outcomes and Measures: We used θ relative power in concordance with stepwise multiple regression analysis. Outcomes included measures of 12 brain locations that were compared between children with and without ADHD.

Results: Significant differences were found between the groups, especially for Cz, T3, Fp1, Fz, F4, and F7. According to BMP, the group with ADHD had higher emotional awareness and language comprehension than the group without ADHD.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners can use BMP as a valuable tool for setting occupational goals to help children with ADHD improve their social–emotional learning performance in school and in the community. BMP may provide an evaluation to support occupational therapy services for clients with ADHD. The result can be applied in clinical settings by quantitative electroencephalography training.

What This Article Adds: BMP can be used as a neuropsychological and behavioral assessment tool for setting SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-oriented) goals for occupational therapy services for clients with ADHD.
Adolescentes Usuários de Drogas e a Desinserção Social
Authors: Da Silva Januzzi Monica Eulália , Franco Ferrari Ilka
Published: February 2020

O texto em questão buscou responder como as dificuldades de adesão ao tratamento, apresentadas por adolescentes usuários de drogas, podem beneficiar o trabalho realizado nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenill (CAPSi) do estado de Minas Gerais. Nele se destaca, entre outras, a dificuldade que se chamou de desinserção social. O campo teórico/prático da psicanálise orientou o trabalho através do método do caso único, que permite resultados universalizados respeitando as singularidades, isto é, um universal alcançado a partir do singular. Fragmentos das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os cinco jovens estudados, indicados pelas equipes dos serviços por serem considerados paradigmáticos daqueles que apresentavam dificuldades de adesão, e com os profissionais que os acompanharam são utilizados para subsidiar as considerações apresentadas, considerando a cartografia própria da vida dos sujeitos implicados no processo. Constatou-se que os efeitos das destituições simbólicas do Outro, no contemporâneo, têm favorecido a instauração de modos subjetivos de desconexão social, a exemplo da toxicomania, e que o modo como a desinserção aparece, na singularidade de cada caso, no contexto da adolescência, indica a presença de um sintoma social da época. A descrença dos jovens na relação com o Outro Social aparece em suas relações com o CAPSi, um Outro Institucional. Mas, quando esse Outro se faz exceção e se apresenta como lugar de cuidado, de presença e interesse pelo sujeito, mudanças ocorrem entre a desinserção e a inserção possível, levando o sujeito a encontrar um lugar no Outro, não se apagando no coletivo da política pública.
Albert Einstein en Nederlandse christen-pacifisten: samenwerking en breuk
Authors: Noordegraaf Herman
Published: February 2020

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a left wing public intellectual, who was involved in societal issues, especially questions of peace and war. Adhering a pacifist view, he supported refusal of military service from the midst of the twentieth century. The pacifist peace movement welcomed the views of this famous scientist. This article describes and analyses the reception of Einstein within the Dutch Christian-pacifist organization Church and Peace (Kerk en Vrede). First, attention is given to Einstein’s views and actions regarding refusal of military service, as can be found in the periodical Kerk en Vrede. Secondly, the contacts will be described between the secretary of Church and Peace, Rev. J.B.Th. Hugenholtz, and Einstein. Hugenholtz wanted his support to realize a ‘Peace House’ of pacifist organizations in The Hague. Einstein reacted positively on this request. However, after Hitler came to power in January 1933 Einstein changed his mind. He did not support refusal of military service any longer. This led to a rupture between Einstein and the pacifist peace organizations. Within Church and Peace especially chairman G.J. Heering criticized him sharply. Here the roads parted in a fundamental way.
Effect of changing NOx lifetime on the seasonality and long-term trends of satellite-observed tropospheric NO2 columns over China
Authors: Shah Viral , Jacob Daniel J. , Li Ke , Silvern Rachel F. , Zhai Shixian , Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns
are extensively used to infer trends in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen
oxides (NOx≡NO+NO2), but this may be complicated by
trends in NOx lifetime. Here we use 2004–2018 observations from the
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite-based instrument (QA4ECV and POMINO v2 retrievals) to examine
the seasonality and trends of tropospheric NO2 columns over
central–eastern China, and we interpret the results with the GEOS-Chem
chemical transport model. The observations show a factor of 3 increase in
NO2 columns from summer to winter, which we explain in GEOS-Chem as
reflecting a longer NOx lifetime in winter than in summer (21 h versus 5.9 h in 2017). The 2005–2018 summer trends of OMI NO2 closely follow the trends in the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), with a rise over the 2005–2011 period and a 25 % decrease since. We find in GEOS-Chem no significant trend of the NOx lifetime in summer, supporting the emission trend reported by the MEIC. The winter trend of OMI
NO2 is steeper than in summer over the entire period, which we
attribute to a decrease in NOx lifetime at lower NOx emissions. Half of the NOx sink in winter is from N2O5 hydrolysis, which counterintuitively becomes more efficient as NOx emissions decrease due
to less titration of ozone at night. The formation of organic nitrates also
becomes an increasing sink of NOx as NOx emissions decrease but emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) do not.
Above-cloud aerosol optical depth from airborne observations in the southeast Atlantic
Authors: LeBlanc Samuel E. , Redemann Jens , Flynn Connor , Pistone Kristina , Kacenelenbogen Meloë , Segal-Rosenheimer Michal , Shinozuka Yohei , Dunagan Stephen , Dahlgren Robert P. , Meyer Kerry , Podolske James , Howell Steven G. , Freitag Steffen , Small-Griswold Jennifer , Holben Brent , Diamond Michael , Wood Robert , Formenti Paola , Piketh Stuart , Maggs-Kölling Gillian , Gerber Monja , Namwoonde Andreas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The southeast Atlantic (SEA) region is host to a climatologically significant
biomass burning aerosol layer overlying marine stratocumulus. We present the
first results of the directly measured above-cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD)
from the recent ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS
(ORACLES) airborne field campaign during August and September 2016. In our
analysis, we use data from the Spectrometers for Sky-Scanning Sun-Tracking
Atmospheric Research (4STAR) instrument and found an average ACAOD of 0.32
at 501 nm (range of 0.02 to 1.04), with an average Ångström exponent
(AE) above clouds of 1.71. The AE is much lower at 1.25 for the full column
(including below-cloud-level aerosol, with an average of 0.36 at 501 nm and
a range of 0.02 to 0.74), indicating the presence of large aerosol
particles, likely marine aerosol, in the lower atmospheric column. The ACAOD is
observed from 4STAR to be highest near the coast at about 12∘ S,
whereas its variability is largest at the southern edge of the average
aerosol plume, as indicated by 12 years of MODIS observations. In comparison
to MODIS-derived ACAOD and long-term fine-mode plume-average AOD along a
diagonal routine track extending out from the coast of Namibia, the
directly measured ACAOD from 4STAR is slightly lower than the ACAOD product
from MODIS. The peak ACAOD expected from MODIS AOD retrievals averaged over
a long term along the routine diagonal flight track (peak of 0.5) was
measured to be closer to coast in 2016 at about 1.5–4∘ E, with 4STAR ACAOD averages showing a peak of 0.42. When
considering the full observation set over the SEA, by spatially binning each
sampled AOD, we obtain a geographically representative mean ACAOD of 0.37.
Vertical profiles of AOD showcase the variability in the altitude of the
aerosol plume and its separation from the cloud top. We measured larger AOD at a
high altitude near the coast than farther from the coast, while generally
observing a larger vertical gap farther from the coast. Changes in AOD with
altitude are correlated with carbon monoxide, a gas tracer of the biomass
burning aerosol plume. Vertical extent of gaps between aerosol and cloud
show a wide distribution, with a near-zero gap being most frequent. The gap
distribution with longitude is observed to be largest at about 7∘ E, farther from coast than expected from previous studies.
Aerosol retrievals from different polarimeters during the ACEPOL campaign using a common retrieval algorithm
Authors: Fu Guangliang , Hasekamp Otto , Rietjens Jeroen , Smit Martijn , Di Noia Antonio , Cairns Brian , Wasilewski Andrzej , Diner David , Seidel Felix , Xu Feng , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Gao Meng , da Silva Arlindo , Burton Sharon , Hostetler Chris , Hair John , Ferrare Richard
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present aerosol retrieval results from the ACEPOL (Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar) campaign, which was a joint initiative between NASA and SRON – the Netherlands Institute for Space Research. The campaign took place in October–November 2017 over the western part of the United States. During ACEPOL six different instruments were deployed on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft, including four multi-angle polarimeters (MAPs): SPEX airborne, the Airborne Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (AirHARP), the Airborne Multi-angle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI), and the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Also, two lidars participated: the High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2) and the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL). Flights were conducted mainly for scenes with low aerosol load over land, but some cases with higher AOD were also
observed. We perform aerosol retrievals from SPEX airborne, RSP
(410–865 nm range only), and AirMSPI using the SRON aerosol retrieval algorithm and compare the results against AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and HSRL-2 measurements (for SPEX airborne and RSP). All three MAPs compare well against AERONET for the aerosol optical depth (AOD), with a mean absolute error (MAE) between 0.014 and 0.024 at 440 nm. For the fine-mode effective radius the MAE ranges between 0.021 and 0.028 µm. For the comparison with HSRL-2 we focus on a day with low AOD (0.02–0.14 at 532 nm) over the California Central Valley, Arizona, and Nevada (26 October) as well as a flight with high AOD
(including measurements with AOD>1.0 at 532 nm) over a prescribed forest fire in Arizona (9 November). For the day with low AOD the MAEs in AOD (at 532 nm) with HSRL-2 are 0.014 and 0.022 for SPEX and RSP, respectively, showing the capability of MAPs to provide accurate AOD retrievals for the challenging case of low AOD over land.
For the retrievals over the smoke plume a reasonable agreement in AOD between the MAPs and HSRL-2 was also found (MAE 0.088 and 0.079 for SPEX and RSP, respectively), despite the fact that the comparison is hampered by large spatial variability in AOD throughout the smoke plume. A good comparison is also found between the MAPs and HSRL-2 for the aerosol depolarization ratio (a measure of particle sphericity), with an MAE of 0.023 and 0.016 for SPEX and RSP, respectively. Finally, SPEX and RSP agree very well for the retrieved microphysical and optical properties of the smoke plume.
FRACTAL-BASED SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND MEASUREMENT OF SPATIAL ASSOCIATION WITH HAZARD-RELATED PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Authors: Hu Q. , Zhou Y. , Wang S. X. , Wang F. T. , Wang H. J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Fractal model as an effective solution to complex nonlinear problems or phenomena has been widely used to describe such complicated phenomenon as geological hazards. Quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazards and measuring its fractal relation on a national scale are significant for the geological hazards prevention or mitigation. In this contribution, firstly, three typical geological hazards, such as landslides, collapses and mudslides, were taken as research objects for fractal analysis, and a detailed hazard inventory including 109,008 landslides, 55,178 collapses, and 28,914 mudslides cases were compiled as data samples. Next, the fractal dimensions describing the spatial distribution characteristics of geological hazard densities were calculated by the invariant fractal model, and then the internal classification of five common predisposing factors (elevation, slope, aspect, NDVI, and precipitation) was applied, and the relative density of geological hazard was calculated by the ratio of "hazard ratio" and "grid ratio" on the basis of 1 km × 1 km grid cells. Finally, the variable fractal model was introduced for measuring the spatial association among three typical geological hazards and five common predisposing factors, and the obtained fractal dimensions were regarded as the quantitative measure of the effect of predisposing factors on geological hazards. The results shows that the fractal dimensions of spatial distribution of landslide, collapse and mudslide densities are 1.3042, 1.5185 and 1.5897, respectively. Moreover, the relative densities of geological hazards also follows the fractal features with hazard-related predisposing factors, the elevation factor has the greatest impact on the landslide, collapse, and mudslide hazard, while other predisposing factors have different effects on different types of geological hazards.
TRACEABILITY OF OIL SPILL FROM BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Huang D. , Zhang Y. , Yu W. Q.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Oil spills over the sea resulted in the destruction of the marine environment. Therefore, the Bayesian algorithm was developed to determine the source of spilled oil for reducing the damage to the marine environment. Based on the flow data of the offshore waters of the Bohai Sea, the influencing factors of oil spill drift were used for algorithm. The main factors affecting the traceability of marine oil spills are considered: the distance from the oil point to the source point, the flow direction of water, the type of the spilled oil source, and the scale of the source. The algorithm is completed on the basis of a feasible simulation database. We not consider the relationship between the attributes by naive Bayesian classification. In this paper, we determine the result by the minimum error rates of each source. Then the performance evaluation of the model was done by cross-validation method. The experimental result shows that the Bayesian algorithm can be used to determine the source of spilled oil. It is easier and faster to determine the source by the method raised.
AUTOMATIC CAL/VAL METHODS LOWERING PRODUCTION EFFORT OF UPDATING LARGE CORE SPATIAL DATA
Authors: Peled A.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. There are basically two levels of calibrations and validation of digitally acquired spectral and other information via sensors carried on space-borne or airborne platforms. The basic level is carried out by the data producers executed by comparison made of results taken over test fields for example. The second level, more a part of a supervised classification effort are carried by the data users and value added spatial information users or providers to edge users. The latter is quite typical for supervised classification protocols. This is either for establishing libraries of spectral signatures for each relevant class-type or for ad-hoc classification where no previous information or specific knowledge wee kept. Such methods indicate and support even strongly the need of the basic Cal/Val step of the sensors made by the original data providers. The paper is reviewing the method of database-driven concept that allows for automatic recognition of detected features within the digital spatial 2-D (yet) realm to its identification within the digital 2.5D spatial vector information within existing large Big-data national core spatial data bases to be updated. These Large data bases are Big enough to operate the resourceful Munchhausen method of self-pulling information out of the huge abandon of data resources.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING BIG DATA FOR RAPID RESPOND TO LANDSLIDE LAKE DISASTER MONITOR
Authors: Wang H. J. , Zhou Y. , Wang S. X. , Wang F. T. , Zhao Q.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Landslide dam, a common disaster around the world, always forms landslide lake because of blocking the river. Landslide lake is always with potentially immense hazard from rapid release of a large of water masses. Nowadays, with the development of remote sense technology, remote sensing big data has been widely applied to disaster monitor, which has broad prospect in landslide lake monitor. This study provided the processing flow of remote sensing image and flow of technology system in the landslide lake monitor based on remote sensing big data, which have been successfully applied to Baige landslide lake monitor. The result shows remote sensing technology as an objective, fleet and dynamic change of landslide lake with large monitor range and meets the requirement of all-weather dynamic monitor of landslide lake, which will provide basic information of landslide lake for decisionmaking departments to make disaster prevention and reduction. Lastly, the research points out the disadvantage of landslide lake monitor based on remote sensing big data. Drone images and aerial images will be an important supplement to remote sensing big data for landslide lake monitor.
SMART POVERTY ALLEVIATION ARCHITECTURE BASED ON GEOMATICS BIG DATA
Authors: Wu S. , Qu R. C. , Pan C. L. , Bao Z. Y. , Feng X. J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. With the rapid development of geomatics industry, it has accumulated a large amount of data such as digital city and national geoinformation survey, entered the geomatics big data era. At present, there are some researches on the collection and display of poverty alleviation based on geomatics. However, there are relatively few studies on smart poverty alleviation. Many problems need to be solved. It proposes a smart poverty alleviation architecture based on large geomatics data.It realizes the collection and monitor of smart poverty alleviation in administrative regions at all Levels, such as household, village, Township and county.It realizes the visualization of smart poverty alleviation with geomatics big data.It can poverty alleviation recommendation precisely.Aiming at this model,it proposes a precise poverty alleviation recommendation algorithm based on multi-dimensional correlation analysis. It uses Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) algorithm to mine the relationship between geomatics and poverty alleviation, and recommends poverty alleviation policies. The research has certain practice and test. The architecture can effectively recommend poverty alleviation assistance policies, improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation archives collation, shorten the period of poverty alleviation archives collation, and improve the storage and access methods of poverty alleviation archives. It improves the efficiency of poverty alleviation collection, monitoring and assistance.
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON FEATURE MATCHING OF SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES
Authors: Qian H. , Yue J. W. , Chen M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Before obtaining information and identifying ground target from images, image matching is necessary. However, problems of strong pixel noise interference and nonlinear gray scale differences in synthetic aperture radar image still exist. Feature matching becomes a kind possible solution. To learn the research progress of SAR and optical image matching, as well as finding solutions for above matching problems, a summary for feature matching with SAR and optical image is indispensable. By listing three typical methods below, we can discuss and compare how researchers improve and innovate methods for feature matching from different angles in matching process. First method is feature matching method proposed by CHEN Min et. It uses phase congruency method to detect point features. Feature descriptors are based on gaussian-gamma-shaped edge strength maps instead of original images. This method combines both edge features and point features to reach a match target. The second one is SAR-SIFT algorithm of F. Dellinger et. This kind of method is based on improvement of sift algorithm. It proposes a SAR-Harris method and also a calculation method for features descriptors named gradient by ratio. Thirdly, it is feature matching method proposed by Yu Qiuze et. By using edge features of image and improvement of hausdorff distance for similarity measure, it applies genetic algorithm to accelerate matching search process to complete matching tasks. Those methods are implemented by using python programs, and are compared by some indexes. Experimental data used multiple sets of terrasar and optical image pairs of different resolutions. To some extent, the results demonstrate that all three kinds of feature methods can improve the matching effect between SAR and optical images. It can be easier to reach match purposes of SAR and optical images by using image edge features, while such methods are too dependent on the edge features.
IMAGE MOSAIC ALGORITHM BASED ON PCA-ORB FEATURE MATCHING
Authors: Zhu J. T. , Gong C. F. , Zhao M. X. , Wang L. , Luo Y.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In the process of image stitching, the ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) algorithm lacks the characteristics of scale invariance and high mismatch rate. A principal component invariant feature transform (PCA-ORB, Principal Component Analysis- Oriented) is proposed. FAST and Rotated BRIEF) image stitching method. Firstly, the ORB algorithm is used to optimize the feature points to obtain the feature points with uniform distribution. Secondly, the principal component analysis (PCA) method can reduce the dimension of the traditional ORB feature descriptor and reduce the complexity of the feature point descriptor data. Thirdly, KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) is used, and the k-nearest neighbor algorithm performs roughly matching on the feature points after dimensionality reduction. Then the random matching consistency algorithm (RANSAC, Random Sample Consensus) is used to remove the mismatched points. Finally, the fading and fading fusion algorithm is used to fuse the images. In 8 sets of simulation experiments, the image stitching speed is improved relative to the PCA-SIFT algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the image stitching speed under the premise of ensuring the quality of stitching, and can play a role in fast, real-time and large-scale applications, which are conducive to image fusion.
Analysis of employment change in response to hurricane landfalls
Authors: Cui Yuepeng , Liang Daan , Ewing Bradley
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Hurricanes cause extensive harm to local economies, and in some
cases the recovery may take years. As an adequate, skilled, and trained
workforce is a prerequisite for economic development and capacity building,
employment plays an important role in disaster reduction and mitigation
efforts. The statistical relationship between hurricane landfalls and
observed changes in employment at the county level is investigated.
Hurricane impact is classified into temporary and permanent categories. In
the former category, the level of economic activities is lowered following a
hurricane landfall but quickly recovers to the pre-storm norm. In contrast,
the permanent shift alters the mean value of the data and results in lasting
losses in future years. The results show that Hurricane Katrina produced
significant permanent impact on Orleans County, Louisiana. Chambers and Fort
Bend counties experienced a significant temporary impact due to the landfall
of Hurricane Ike. The results are further discussed through a qualitative
analysis of various social, economic, and engineering factors in these
affected communities. The findings support the notion that a higher resilience
level leads to quicker recovery after a disaster. However, the underlying
data-generating processes are characterized and tested in a more detailed
manner.
Evaluation of two hydrometeorological ensemble strategies for flash-flood forecasting over a catchment of the eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Roux Hélène , Amengual Arnau , Romero Romu , Bladé Ernest , Sanz-Ramos Marcos
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study aims at evaluating the performances of flash-flood forecasts issued from deterministic and ensemble meteorological prognostic systems. The hydrometeorological modeling chain includes the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) forcing the rainfall-runoff model MARINE dedicated to flash floods. Two distinct ensemble prediction systems accounting for (i) perturbed initial and lateral boundary conditions of the meteorological state and (ii) mesoscale model physical parameterizations have been implemented on the Agly catchment of the eastern Pyrenees with three subcatchments exhibiting different rainfall regimes. Different evaluations of the performance of the hydrometeorological
strategies have been performed: (i) verification of short-range ensemble
prediction systems and corresponding streamflow forecasts, for a better
understanding of how forecasts behave; (ii) usual measures derived from a
contingency table approach, to test an alert threshold exceedance; and (iii) overall evaluation of the hydrometeorological chain using the continuous rank probability score, for a general quantification of the ensemble performances. Results show that the overall discharge forecast is improved by both ensemble strategies with respect to the deterministic forecast. Threshold
exceedance detections for flood warning also benefit from large
hydrometeorological ensemble spread. There are no substantial differences
between both ensemble strategies on these test cases in terms of both the
issuance of flood warnings and the overall performances, suggesting that
both sources of external-scale uncertainty are important to take into
account.
The knowledge of pueperal women on obstetric violence
Authors: Silva Fabiana Da Conceição , Viana Magda Rogéria Pereira , Amorim Fernanda Cláudia Miranda , Veras Juscelia Maria de Moura Feitosa , Santos Rafael De Castro , De Sousa Leonardo Lopes
Published: February 2020

Objective: to analyze the knowledge of postpartum women about obstetric violence. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, developed in a public maternity hospital. Seventeen puerperal women were interviewed and data were collected through interviews guided by a semi-structured script. Data was analyzed according to Content Analysis. Results: emerged from the participants' statements, three analytical categories, namely: “(Lack of) Knowledge of puerperal women about obstetric violence”; “Experience of obstetric violence in childbirth” and “Strategies for preventing obstetric violence”. Conclusion: it is emphasized that it is of great importance the knowledge of postpartum women about obstetric violence to be able to identify and / or intervene if the practice occurs. Descriptors: Puerperium; Violence; Obstetrics; Nurse; Health; Women’s Health.Resumo Objetivo: analisar os saberes de puérperas sobre violência obstétrica. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, desenvolvido em uma maternidade pública. Entrevistaram-se 17 puérperas e a coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista guiada por roteiro semiestruturado. Analisaram-se os dados de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram-se, a partir das falas das participantes, três categorias analíticas, a saber: “(Des) Conhecimento de puérperas sobre violência obstétrica”; “Experiência da violência obstétrica no parto” e “Estratégias de prevenção da violência obstétrica”. Conclusão: ressalta-se que é de grande importância o conhecimento das puérperas sobre a violência obstétrica para poderem identificar e/ou intervir, caso a prática ocorra. Descritores: Puerpério; Violência; Obstetrícia; Enfermeiro; Saúde; Saúde da Mulher.ResumenObjetivo: analizar el conocimiento de las mujeres posparto sobre la violencia obstétrica. Método: estudio exploratorio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado en una maternidad pública. Diecisiete mujeres posparto fueron entrevistadas y se recopilaron datos a través de entrevistas guiadas por un guión semiestructurado. Los datos se analizaron según el Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: surgieron de las declaraciones de los participantes, tres categorías analíticas, a saber: "(Des) conocimiento de las mujeres posparto sobre la violencia obstétrica"; "Experiencia de violencia obstétrica en el parto" y "Estrategias para prevenir la violencia obstétrica". Conclusión: se enfatiza que es de gran importancia el conocimiento de las mujeres posparto sobre la violencia obstétrica para poder identificar y/o intervenir, si ocurre la práctica. Descriptores: Puerperio; la violencia; obstetricia; Enfermera; Salud; Salud de la Mujer.
PERANCANGAN ANIMASI 2D SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI TENTANG MENUMBUHKAN RASA PERCAYA DIRI UNTUK REMAJA TUNARUNGU
Authors: Amalia Siti
Published: February 2020

Kebanyakan remaja tunarungu memiliki tingkat intelegensi yang sama dengan remaja normal, hanya saja kebanyakan remaja tunarungu memiliki rata-rata prestasi di bawah remaja normal (non-ABK) dikarenakan mereka tidak mendapatkan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan serta potensinya secara optimal. Padahal sudah tercantum dalam UUD pasal 5 ayat 1 bahwa "setiap warga negara berhak mendapatkan Pendidikan bermutu". Tingkat kemampuan berkomunikasi yang rendah mengakibatkan mereka lebih memilih untuk menghindari situasi komunikasi dengan orang yang mendengar karena tidak berani untuk menyampaikan gagasan, ragu terhadap diri sendiri dan takut salah sehingga memunculkan rasa tidak percaya diri. Kurangnya rasa percaya diri dalam diri mereka membuat mereka pasrah dalam menjalani hidup dan tidak sadar akan potensipotensi mengagumkan yang dapat mereka miliki. Ini salah satu penyebab mereka sulit untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak sehingga lebih rentan terhadap kemiskinan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya upaya motivasi pentingnya meningkatkan rasa percaya diri untuk kalangan remaja tunarungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode berupa studi literatur dan metode kuantitatif berupa pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara, observasi serta kuesioner yang dilakukan kepada siswa SLB B berusia 16-19 tahun. Hasilnya, hanya 1 dari total 12 remaja tunarungu pengisi kuesioner yang memiliki rasa percaya diri dari ketunarunguan di miliki dan banyak dari mereka yang memiliki keyakinan bahwa ketunarunguan mereka yang menghambat mereka untuk mewujudkan cita-cita atau melanjutkan sekolah setelah lulus SMA nanti. Konsep yang dipilih adalah media linear film pendek dengan teknik animasi 2D karena dianggap mampu mempersuasi remaja dengan cerita yang emosional untuk memotivasi dan memunculkan rasa percaya diri. Konsep animasi ini berfokus pada motivasi untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri bagi remaja tunarungu.
Does sleep influence weight gain during pregnancy? A prospective study
Authors: Balieiro Laura Cristina Tibiletti , Gontijo Cristiana Araújo , Fahmy Walid Makin , Maia Yara Cristina Paiva , Crispim Cibele Aparecida
Published: February 2020

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the associations between subjective sleep quality and duration and weight gain during pregnancy.

Methods A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted with 63 pregnant women. Pregnant women were evaluated at the first, second and third trimester for subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and anthropometric variables for body mass index [BMI] calculation. The sleep quality was grouped per cluster, identifying those individuals who maintained, improved or worsened their sleep quality, based on the PSQI classifications. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the association between sleep and BMI over the pregnancy period.

Results An effect of the interaction between time of pregnancy and clusters of sleep quality was observed on the BMI (p<0.05), which indicates that pregnant women who improved subjective sleep quality during pregnancy gained more weight from the second to third trimester, while those that worsened the subjective sleep quality gained more weight during the first to second trimester. Sleep duration was not associated with weight gain. However, pregnant women who maintained the same BMI category over the pregnancy period increased their sleep duration from the first to third trimester, while those that increased the BMI category slept the same amount of time during this period (median=1.0 [0.0-2.0] and median=0.0 [-2.0-1.0], respectively, p=0.039).

Conclusions The authors concluded that a worse subjective sleep quality seems to lead to an inadequate weight gain distribution during the period of pregnancy.
Elecciones presidenciales EE.UU. 2020: 'Happy fake year!' (y II)
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Dedicamos el artículo de la semana pasada a anunciar el terreno de juego donde podrían crecer y aflorar noticias falsas con relación a las elecciones presidenciales en EE.UU. A la vez que reclamábamos un análisis continuado de la realidad estadounidense para entender su complejidad, también valorábamos el marco donde Trump situó a los medios críticos con su ideología, primero, y su gestión, después. Ahora abordamos la relación con la verdad, la verificación y los efectos en las primarias demócratas.
Cognition in multiple system atrophy: a single‐center cohort study
Authors: Eschlböck Sabine , Delazer Margarete , Krismer Florian , Bodner Thomas , Fanciulli Alessandra , Heim Beatrice , Heras Garvin Antonio , Kaindlstorfer Christine , Karner Elfriede , Mair Katherina , Rabensteiner Christoph , Raccagni Cecilia , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is common, but remain poorly characterized. We evaluated cognitive and behavioral features in MSA patients and assessed between‐group differences for MSA subtypes and the effect of orthostatic hypotension (OH) on cognition.

Methods

This retrospective study included 54 patients with clinical diagnosis of possible and probable MSA referred to the Department of Neurology at Medical University of Innsbruck between 2000 and 2018. Neurological work‐up included comprehensive neuropsychological testing including Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD‐plus) test battery, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), digit span test (DST), clock drawing task (CLOX1), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐D).

Results

The mean MMSE score was 27.6 points. Overall, slight to moderate cognitive impairment was noted in up to 40% of patients, with predominant impairment of executive function and verbal memory. Patients with the cerebellar variant performed significantly worse than patients with the parkinsonian type (P < 0.05) in a screening of executive functions (FAB) and in phonemic verbal fluency. Depression and anxiety scores were elevated in 28% and 22% of MSA patients, respectively. Cognitive profile, depression, and anxiety levels were comparable between patients with and without OH.

Interpretation

Cognitive deficits are relatively frequent in MSA and primarily affect executive functions and verbal memory. Future comparative studies including Parkinson dementia, Lewy body disease, and MSA cases with and without OH are required to elucidate disease‐specific cognitive profiles in these synucleinopathies and to examine the influence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction on cognitive function in MSA.
Combining Efficiency and Stability in Mixed Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells by Capping Grains with an Ultrathin 2D Layer
Authors: Wei Mingyang , Xiao Ke , Walters Grant , Lin Renxing , Zhao Yongbiao , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Todorović Petar , Johnston Andrew , Huang Ziru , Chen Haijie , Li Aidong , Zhu Jia , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Ya‐Kun , Proppe Andrew H. , Kelley Shana O. , Hou Yi , Voznyy Oleksandr , Tan Hairen , Sargent Edward H.
Published: February 2020

The development of narrow‐bandgap (Eg ≈ 1.2 eV) mixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) halide perovskites enables all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Whereas pure‐lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced simultaneously in efficiency and stability, achieving this crucial combination remains a challenge in Sn–Pb PSCs. Here, Sn–Pb perovskite grains are anchored with ultrathin layered perovskites to overcome the efficiency‐stability tradeoff. Defect passivation is achieved both on the perovskite film surface and at grain boundaries, an approach implemented by directly introducing phenethylammonium ligands in the antisolvent. This improves device operational stability and also avoids the excess formation of layered perovskites that would otherwise hinder charge transport. Sn–Pb PSCs with fill factors of 79% and a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.95% are reported—among the highest for Sn–Pb PSCs. Using this approach, a 200‐fold enhancement in device operating lifetime is achieved relative to the nonpassivated Sn–Pb PSCs under full AM1.5G illumination, and a 200 h diurnal operating time without efficiency drop is achieved under filtered AM1.5G illumination.
Comprehensive preventive measures for leaf curl and fruit borer management in tomato
Authors: Pandey Rakesh , Chaturvedi A. K.
Published: February 2020

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important Solanaceous and remunerative vegetable crops. However, despite its value in fresh and processing markets, many farmers are concerned about pest resistance. Therefore, looking to the seriousness of pest menace particularly leaf curl and fruit borer, research is needed to reduce the chemical pressure and establish an ecological equilibrium in tomato fields. A combination of bio‐intensive pest management (BIPM) and chemo‐intensive pest management (CIPM) were followed trap crop marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and yellow sticky traps to manage these pests during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. The percent plant infestation with leaf curl (0.6–0.9) and fruit infestation with fruit borer (5.2–6.7) were observed in BIPM and CIPM. In these fields, the application of insecticides increased yields 30–38.3%. There was 47.1–56.8% higher net return in BIPM and 59.5–68.9% higher in CIPM than farmers’ practices. Similarly, benefit cost ratio was analyzed 2.5:3.6 in BIPM and 2.5:3.7 in CIPM.