bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher-level and context-level barriers to using English as a medium of instruction: A systematic review
Authors: Loy Chee Luen , Abdul Wahab Norwaliza
Published: April 2021

A systematic review of literature regarding the factors that hinders or challenges preschool teachers’ use of the English language in formal preschool classrooms was undertaken initially in order to summarize the findings of research between 1991 and 2016. Research suggested that various important teacher and context level barriers were barriers. Large number of literature reported preschools teachers’ lack of confidence in using the language as the prevalent barrier, followed by lower than expected proficiency level. The literature alluded to an association between these two teacher barriers. Other teacher context included inability to differentiate instruction to meet the needs of all learners when English was solely used, deficient attitudes and beliefs about the importance of the language thus creating an inherent resistance to use the language in the classroom, and stress related workplace due to overzealous administrators. Context level barriers included time constraints, classroom environment (example, lack of access to resources, large classroom sizes, and lack of parental encouragement towards the use of English), and lack of administrative support.
Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada and the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: The Archbishop as Warrior and Historian of Spain
Authors: Kagay Donald J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract: This article follows the remarkable religious, political, and intellectual career of Castile's most important churchman of the thirteenth century, Archbishop Rodrigo Jimenz de Rada. The principal focus of the work is the archbishop’s greatest historical work,
De rebus Hispanie, and its core chapters which are composed of a first-hand account by the archbishop of one of the greatest battles of the Spanish Reconquest, Las Navas de Tolosa (July 16, 1212).
Hubungan Lama Menderita Dengan Kebutuhan Spiritual Pasien HIV-AIDS
Authors: Ahmad Ikhlasul Amal  , Mohammad Arifin Noor
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Pada orang yang memeiliki penyakit kronis yang salah satunya adalah HIV, kemaknaan tentang kebutuhan spiritual tersebut juga dapat berdampak terhadap kelanjutan menjalankan terapi atau pengobatan yang lama. Perawat memiliki andil dalam memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis tersebut. Lamanya pasien HIV yang mendapatkan Kebutuhan spiritual menjadi salah satu bagian yang penting untuk dipenuhi selama menjadi ODHA guna mendapatkan solusi dari masalah hidup. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara lama menderita dengan kebutuhan spiritual pasien HIV-AIDS.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan melibatkan 51 sampel. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Spearman.

Hasil: Dominasi responden menurut jenis kelamin adalah laki-laki (58,8%), pendidikan terakhir SMA (49,0%) dan Agama Islam (96,1%). Analisis bivariate variabel lama terdiagnosis dengan kebutuhan spiritual ditemukan p-value sebesar 0,025 (p<0,05).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama menderita dengan kebutuhan spiritual pasien HIV-AIDS, dengan tingkat keeratan lemah. Hal ini dapat berarti bahwa semakin lama menderita maka kebutuhan spiritual juga semakin meningkat.

Kata Kunci       : HIV-AIDS, Lama Menderita, Kebutuhan Spiritual
Perbedaan Status Gizi Balita Berdasarkan Usia Penyapihan ASI Di TPA Wilayah Denpasar Selatan
Authors: Putu Ayu Ratna Darmayanti  , Luh Yenny Armayanti
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi balita adalah pola pengasuhan yang salah satunya pemberian ASI. Menghentikan pemberian ASI pada anak disebut penyapihan dimana merupakan masa yang paling kritis dalam kehidupan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status gizi balita berdasarkan usia penyapihan ASI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan pendekatan teknik pengambilan data secara retrospective. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 balita di seluruh TPA wilayah Denpasar Selatan yang di analisis menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara status gizi balita terhadap usia penyapihan ASI (p=0,000). Dimana balita yang usia penyapihan ASI ≤12 bulan separuhnya dalam kategori gizi baik (50%), balita yang usia penyapihan ASI ≤ 6 bulan mayoritas dalam kategori gizi kurang (70%), balita yang usia penyapihan ASI ≤ 6 bulan seluruhnya dalam kategori gizi buruk (100%) dan balita yang usia penyapihan ASI ≤ 6 bulan separuhnya dalam kategori gizi lebih (50%). Balita yang dilakukan penyapihan ASI pada usia 12-24 bulan menunjukkan status gizi baik dibandingkan yang tidak. Orang tua diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan pemberian ASI sampai usia anak ≤24 bulan dan layanan kesehatan dapat terus memberikan informasi mengenai usia penyapihan ASI yang tepat agar proses pertumbuhan anak tidak terganggu yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stunting.

Kata Kunci       : Status Gizi, Balita, Penyapihan ASI
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF FOREIGN STUDENTS
Authors: Зорина Виктория Владимировна
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме формирования языковой компетенции обучающихся. Выполнение грамматических заданий практикума по русскому языку как иностранному рассматривается в качестве средства совершенствования данной компетенции слушателей курсов подготовки иностранных специалистов СибЮИ МВД России.

The article is devoted to the formation of students ' language competence. The independent self-conscious performance grammar activities workshop on Russian as a foreign language regarded as a means of improving the competence of trainees training of iNOS foreign specialists Sibui of the MIA of Russia.
Lufthygiene in Unterrichtsräumen unter SARS-CoV-2-Bedingungen/Air hygiene in classrooms under SARS-CoV-2 conditions – Part I: Effects of noise exposure when using mobile air purifiers (MAP)
Authors: Seipp Hans-Martin , Steffens Thomas
Published: April 2021

Für den Lernerfolg der Schüler/-innen und die gesundheitsverträglichen Arbeitsbedingungen der Lehrkräfte im Unterricht existieren hohe akustische Anforderungen, wobei Schall aus Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen (RLT-Anlagen) auf ≤ 35 dB(A) begrenzt ist. Jedoch sind für Unterrichtsräume umfänglich erhebliche bauliche Defizite belegt und insbesondere zu hohe Nachhallzeiten identifiziert worden. Dauerschallerzeugende Mobile Luftreiniger (MLR) würden die vielerorts bereits überschrittenen Belastungsgrenzen zusätzlich verletzen. Je nach MLR-Anzahl und Dauerschallpegel sind die Lehrkräfte gezwungen, lauter zu sprechen (Lombard-Effekt), was zu einer wesentlichen Erhöhung freigesetzter (Virus-)Partikel führt. Um auch während des MLR-Dauerbetriebes mit 54 dB(A) die nach DIN 18041 erforderliche Sprachverständlichkeit an jedem Sitzplatz im Raum sicherzustellen, muss die Lehrkraft ihre Lautstärke erheblich steigern: In Abhängigkeit von der Position im Raum induzieren MLR um die 4,2- bzw. 11,2-fach höheren (Virus-)Lasten, denen alle im Unterricht Anwesenden ausgesetzt sind.
Technologie und Anwendungsbeispiele von Ex-Funkschaltern
Authors: Lumme Rainer
Published: April 2021

Wenn Ex-Schaltgeräte ohne elektrische Leitung auskommen und ihre Signale aus dem Ex-Bereich „herausfunken“, bietet das je nach Applikation erhebliche Vorteile. Deshalb nutzen immer mehr Anwender diese Technologie – auch und gerade in sensiblen Einsatzbereichen.
Subjects of legal relations in the system of non-state pension provision: concept, signs, types
Authors: Shovkoplias Hanna
Published: April 2021

Problem setting. Legal, economic and organizational grounds of the non-state pension provision are crucial for the entire financial services market and significantly affect the organization of the country’s financial system. This level of the pension system is a key element of the non-bank financial services market of Ukraine and therefore deserves special attention.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. Among the scientists who study this problem were O. M. Antipov, S. V. Bogoslavets, A. B. Kaminsky, O. Kirilenko, L. P. Londar, N. V. Lugovenko, V. Melnychuk, M. Rippa, M. M. Shumylo, N. M. Khutoryan, L. Yaremenko and others.
Target of research. The aim of the article is to investigate certain features and types of subjects of legal relations in the system of non-state pension provision.
Article’s main body. Pension relations are one of the types of legal relations formed on the basis of, on the one hand, the principles and approaches inherent in the general theoretical understanding of the category of legal relations, and on the other – the features of social security law as a branch of law, an integral and most important component. Analysis of general theoretical research of non-state pension provision allows us to identify certain features of legal relations in this area.
Conclusions and prospects for the development. So, summarizing the above, it should be said that the legal relations arising from non-state pension provision – legal, economic, organizational and social relations that arise between the subjects of the non-state pension system in the process of creating private pension funds, their activities on private pension provision, pension insurance, as well as relations that arise in the process of monitoring the activities of non-state pension providers.
REKLAM HARCAMALARININ FİRMA KARLILIK PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ
Authors: ASLAN Mesut , POLAT Müslüm
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada BIST imalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların reklam harcamalarının firma Karlılık performansına etkisi panel veri analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Araştırma da firma performansını temsilen toplamda üç model oluşturulmuştur. İlgili dönem boyunca imalat sektöründe reklam harcaması yapan 43 firma verisi ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre reklam harcamalarının firmaların satışların karlılığı ve faaliyet karlılığını negatif etkilediği, aktiflerin karlılığına etkisinin ise anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Firmalara ait birim etkiler incelendiğinde; reklam harcamalarının firmalara etkisinin firmadan firmaya farklılık gösterdiği, bazı firmaların reklam harcamalarından olumlu, bazı firmaların ise olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.
SOSYO-DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN YOUTUBE FENOMENLERİNE VE SPONSORLU İÇERİKLERİNE YÖNELİK GÜVENİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAŞAR İbrahim Halil
Published: April 2021

Günümüzde dijitalleşmenin artan etkisiyle beraber markalar, tüketicilere etkili bir şekilde ulaşmak için hemen her türlü sosyal medya platformundan faydalanmaya çalışmaktadır. Bireysel veya kurumsal kanallar açarak video formatında içerik paylaşılabilen ve küresel olarak en fazla kullanıcıya sahip sosyal medya platformundan biri olan YouTube, markaların fenomenlerle iş birliği yaparak tüketicilere ulaştıkları bir mecradır. Fenomenler, sponsorlu içerikler üretip paylaşarak markaların reklamlarını yapabilmekte ve böylelikle ürün ve hizmetleri takipçilerine duyurabilmektedir. Bu durumda takipçiler hem fenomenlere hem de sponsorlu içeriklerine yönelik bir güven geliştirebilmektedir. Bu güven neticesinde takipçiler, tüketimle ilgili davranışlar gerçekleştirebilmektedir. YouTube fenomenleri özelinde yapılan bu çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi ve kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, YouTube’ta fenomen takip eden kullanıcıların fenomene ve sponsorlu içeriğine yönelik güvenleri sosyo-demografik değişkenler açısından ele alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucundan elde edilen bulgular, YouTube’ta hem fenomene hem de sponsorlu içeriğe yönelik güvenin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, aylık gelir, günlük ortalama YouTube kullanım süresi ve fenomen takip etme biçimi açısından anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığını göstermiştir.
1946 GENEL SEÇİMLERİNİN DEMOKRASİ BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TAYLAN Ömer
Published: April 2021

Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP), yirmi yedi yıllık iktidarı boyunca ülkeyi tek başına yönetmiştir. Bu süreçte sosyal ve siyasal yapıyı inşa etmeye çalışmış ve sistemi kendine bağlı hale getirmiştir. İlk etapta birçok radikal değişime gitmiş ve bu değişimlerle otoriter niteliğini pekiştirmeye çalışmıştır. Ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sona ermesiyle uluslararası sistem iki kutuplu güç merkezine bölünmüştür. Bu duruma kayıtsız kalamayan CHP, yeni bir revizyona ihtiyaç duymuştur. Bu bağlamda öncelikle siyasal muhalefete izin vermiştir. Daha sonra ise muhalefetin baskısıyla seçim yasasında demokratik yönde değişiklik yapmıştır. Böylelikle halk, iktidar mücadelesinde tayin edici bir pozisyona yükselmiştir. Çok partili döneme geçiş süreciyle halkın siyasal temsil niteliği artmıştır. Bu gerçekten hareketle çalışma, 1946 genel seçimlerini demokrasi bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çünkü 1946 genel seçimleri, demokrasi açısından bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmektedir
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran DRILL Pada Pendidikan Menengah Vokasi
Authors: Amin Rais , Rahayu Sri
Published: April 2021

Innovative learning methods in vocational education learning, especially engineering mechnics subjects to overcome the problem of lack of learning outcomes by applying drill learning methods. This method is a learning technique where students carry out activities on what has been learned, so that the material that has been given is more embedded in the minds of students and students have higher dexterity. The purpose of this research is to find out the picture and improvement of student learning outcomes by applying drill learning methods designed to help students become more able to understand. The design of this research is a class action research with purposive sampling. The results of this study show that the description of the application of drill methods both in terms of delivery and in terms supervision from teachers toward student. The n-gain value obtained indicates a low and moderate variation in criteria. Fcount processed in this study of 37,25 with a confidence level of 5% with Ftable of 2,26 can be interpreted that there is a significant increase in learning outcomes by applying drill learning methods
RISK FACTORS FOR STRESS, URGE, AND MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE
Authors: TANRIKULU Gizem , DOĞANAY Melike , AKSELİM Mustafa Burak , KOKANALI Mahmut Kuntay , ÖZCAN Kadriye , CAVKAYTAR Sabri
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors associated with specific subtypes of urinary incontinence (UI).

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2013 and July 2014. There were 1459 patients included in our study. Of these, 958 women were incontinent, and 501 were continent. The Turkish version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), urogynecologic and pelvic examination were used for UI diagnosis. Patients' detailed medical histories were obtained. Categorical variables were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-squared test. One-way Analysis of Variance and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to analyze continous variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to obtain statistically significant UI-associated risk factors.

Results: A history of giving birth to a baby weighing >4000 gr, early age at menarche, menopause, constipation, coffee consumption, asthma, lumbal disc hernia, family history, and recurrent urinary infections were associated with all types of UI. Delivery at home increased the risk of both stress and urge urinary incontinence (SUI and UUI, respectively). Cystocele and rectocele increased the risk of both SUI and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). The risk of UUI was shown to increase in women who were receiving hormone replacement therapy and who had cuff prolapse. High body mass index was indicated as a specific risk factor for MUI.

Conclusions: Determining risk factors and high risk women is very important for development of preventative medical approaches for UI.
A tények makacs dolgok… Annál rosszabb a tényeknek?!
Authors: Finszter Géza , Korinek László
Published: April 2021

In the issue of December 2020 of Belügyi Szemle the paper of László Christián and Ákos Erdős titled ‘Alarm bell and anniversary?’ was published. The authors discussed prospects of law enforcement higher education and difficulties of recruiting and setting course of life for officer candidates. A commendable initiative! They might have chosen a less bumpy road. The successor of the Police Officers’ College - the Faculty of Law Enforcement at the National University of Public Service – will celebrate its 50 years anniversary in 2021. Mr. Christián and Mr. Erdős are clerks of the university and simultaneously practitioners of the law enforcement science. A clerk celebrates and a researcher thinks through. We hope that contemplation will find further partners and hitting the alarm bell will be followed by a lively discussion. Our reflection intends to contribute to this anticipated change of views.
A büntetőjog elméleti dilemmái egyházjogi és világi jogi szemszögből
Authors: Hornyik Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2021

Cardinal Péter Erdő has been archbishop of the main diocese Esztergom-Budapest, primate of Hungary and the highest leader of the Hungarian catholic church from 2002. Beside his high-ranking ecclesiastical role assumption in the church, he has fulfilled a high volume of work in the world of sciences, too. He is ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and president of the Scientific Academy „Szent István”. He has written numerous scientific books- both in Hungarian and in several foreign languages –in his latest book titled „The Soul of Canon Law” he presents the valid catholic canon law and its historical development. His special research area is canon law, the history of canon law in the Middle Age and the history of the church. The topic of several of his works is the examination of the connection of sin and felony and their theoretical questions. He is active participant of the international scientific public life of canon law, and board member of several international scientific bodies. In the topic of canon law, he is an unavoidable authority not only in Hungary but also internationally. „He is deeply interested in law history, in the human relations of canon law, he is not only interested in the change of rules but also in their backgrounds.” „There are a few people only who can like law in a human way” – said his former teacher about him. It is not a coincidence that Cardinal Péter Erdő in addition to his ecclesiastical duties in the classical sense, has taken and continues to play a major role in the field of ecclesiastical law in both research and education. At the opening of this year’s ecumenic orison week he said in his speech: „Today we especially need to protect and help families. Even if the external environment aggravates sometimes the life of our families, the more we have to stand forthem with generous love.” (URL1). As the highest church leader of the country, he has taken every opportunity to encourage believers and non-believers alike to endure and deal with the special situation caused by the pandemic. In September 2020 the church leaders conducted a meeting – on initiative of Dr. Sándor Pintér, Minister of the Interior – about developments and experiences of the program „Catching up settlements”. Among others we asked Cardinal Péter Erdő how he considers the social role-taking of the Hungarian Catholic Church especially with regard to the pandemic, what he thinks about the connection of canon law and secular law. The interview was conducted by Zsuzsanna Hornyik.
Új irányok a vagyonvisszaszerzésben
Authors: Nagy Richárd , Vári Vince
Published: April 2021

It is a priority for the Hungarian investigating authorities to recover as much as possible of damages caused by criminal offenses, to deprive the perpetrators of the illegal accumulation of property, and to prevent the use of criminal property in the course of organized crime. In order to increase the efficiency of asset recovery, the Hungarian legal regulation, developed under taking into account the obligations and recommendations of international law, also attaches increasing importance to this activity. In addition to detecting the perpetrator, as a result of asset recovery activities identified as a priority, the investigating authorities have achieved significant results in a number of cases in the recent past. Both domestic and international expectations are to map the property background of criminal circles and to take it away in order to prevent further crimes, therefore in recent years a property recovery office has been set up with the status of a department of the National Investigation Bureau of the Riot Police. As of July 1, 2018, the asset recovery activity is subject to the provisions of the Act XC of 2017. With entry into force of the Criminal Procedure Act, it has become a fundamental task of criminal proceedings. However, due to its capacity, the Asset Recovery Office was no longer able to deal effectively with recovery activities of priority cases and to provide an adequate level of support to all other police forces. Due to that a two-tier asset recovery system should be established in order to increase efficiency. Our study aims to present the advantages of a two-tier asset recovery system, which is likely to enable the police to recover assets that have been passed on to criminals in the course of crime to a much greater extent, thus making their operation impossible. By increasing the efficiency of asset recovery, it can also become easier and simpler to detect and prove crimes, thus speeding up and simplifying the whole process of investigations and criminal proceedings.
Rendőri intézkedésekkel szembeni panasz jogintézményének fejlődése és aktuális kérdései
Authors: Tihanyi Miklós
Published: April 2021

The author examines the development of the legal institution of the complaint against police measures and the current situation as a result of the 2020 legislative process. By its nature, it uses historical and forensic analytical methods as tools for investigation. Complaints against police measures are not a new legal institution in Hungary either. The demand for complaint procedures to be conducted outside the police was formulated as early as 1876. However, for this to become a reality, there was a need for social discontent and loss of confidence due to the police role played in the autumn of 2006, which strongly motivated the establishment of the Independent Police Complaints Board. This body was able to conduct complaints proceedings against police measures until 27 February 2020. From that time on, the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights took it over. The tools available to the Commissioner result in significantly stronger control mechanisms than being interpretable in the context of social control. In the event that the Commissioner investigates a complaint against a police measure, he may, in addition to finding an infringement, take all the measures which he may take in the exercise of his general task of protecting fundamental rights. With this, the institution of the right to complain against police measures has been greatly strengthened compared to what was previously seen in the case of the Complaints Board.
Gamification, mint tehetséggondozási eszköz a közszolgálati oktatásban – a kiberverseny példája
Authors: Szakos Judit , Szádeczky Tamás
Published: April 2021

The latest techno-economic paradigm shift has brought the age of information and telecommunications. Tendency of growing digitalization implies related security risks. According to the latest predictions there will be approximately 3,5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs worldwide by 2021. These open possibilities in the labour market have been appearing not only in the technical, but also in the strategic and public policy area. The Triple Helix Model, which presents innovation as a non-linear process, can present this technology developmentbased lack of human capacities as a network and collaboration possibility of universities, state, and industry. In one hand this is based on the nature of relevant knowledge of the given field, and on the constantly changing need of the industry, on the other hand higher education entering requirements and secondary education orientation belong to the state. This paper examines a simulation game organized in cooperation of all three actors, and to which motivated students – besides of university studies – can apply to gain extra knowledge and to take part in a competition. Developing from wargames these simulation games help students to gain not only professional knowledge but to develop in soft skills, too. The methodology is based on literature summary, questionaries, and interviews, conducted among students of the University of Public Service (Hungary) who took part in the ‘Cyber Security Simulation 2019 - Fix the System’ challenge. Results show that conscious carrier orientation of most students were strengthen. Satisfaction of both individual and group performance was clear, although many highlighted groupwork as the weakest point of their accomplishment, which must be developed further in the future. Students also emphasized that they gained professional knowledge, learned about decision making tools and developed soft skills such as ability for quick reaction or crisis communication. In one hand participants highlighted that these skills are important in their development, therefore stronger implementation of them could be a good path for university education. On the other hand, simulation games are thought to be a good challenge opportunity for the most motivated students outside of formal education to experience the flow.
Az Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságának titkos felderítést érintő ítélkezési gyakorlata
Authors: Csizner Zoltán
Published: April 2021

In addition to the changes in the structure of crime, the rise of organised crime, the unprecedented threat of terrorism, the explosive development of technical tools and the flow of information pose such challenges for law enforcement agencies that is difficult to keep up with classic forensic procedures. In Hungary and abroad the traditional investigations are supported with special investigative techniques that - through their conspired application - can help to achieve the desired result more effectively. These methods necessarily violatecertain human rights, which requires strict legislation and appropriate implementation. One of the guaranty elements of legality is effective legal remedy. An important phase of this is the examination of the European Court of Human Rights. Understanding the operation of the court, the case law and the assessment criteria used in their proceedings may provide important information for both legislators and law enforcers.
Fast and Accurate Emulation of the SDO/HMI Stokes Inversion with Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Higgins Richard E. L. , Fouhey David F. , Zhang Dichang , Antiochos Spiro K. , Barnes Graham , Hoeksema J. Todd , Leka K. D. , Liu Yang , Schuck Peter W. , Gombosi Tamas I.
Published: April 2021

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory produces estimates of the photospheric magnetic field, which are a critical input to many space weather modeling and forecasting systems. The magnetogram products produced by HMI and its analysis pipeline are the result of a per-pixel optimization that estimates solar atmospheric parameters and minimizes disagreement between a synthesized and observed Stokes vector. In this paper, we introduce a deep-learning-based approach that can emulate the existing HMI pipeline results two orders of magnitude faster than the current pipeline algorithms. Our system is a U-Net trained on input Stokes vectors and their accompanying optimization-based Very Fast Inversion of the Stokes Vector (VFISV) inversions. We demonstrate that our system, once trained, can produce high-fidelity estimates of the magnetic field and kinematic and thermodynamic parameters while also producing meaningful confidence intervals. We additionally show that despite penalizing only per-pixel loss terms, our system is able to faithfully reproduce known systematic oscillations in full-disk statistics produced by the pipeline. This emulation system could serve as an initialization for the full Stokes inversion or as an ultrafast proxy inversion. This work is part of the NASA Heliophysics DRIVE Science Center (SOLSTICE) at the University of Michigan, under grant NASA 80NSSC20K0600E, and will be open sourced.
Simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR Observations of the Ultracompact X-Ray Binary 4U 1543–624
Authors: Ludlam R. M. , Jaodand A. D. , García J. A. , Degenaar N. , Tomsick J. A. , Cackett E. M. , Fabian A. C. , Gandhi P. , Buisson D. J. K. , Shaw A. W. , Chakrabarty D.
Published: April 2021

We present the first joint NuSTAR and NICER observations of the ultracompact X-ray binary (UCXB) 4U 1543−624 obtained in 2020 April. The source was at a luminosity of L
0.5−50 keV = 4.9(D/7 kpc)2 × 1036 erg s−1 and showed evidence of reflected emission in the form of an O viii line, Fe K line, and Compton hump within the spectrum. We used a full reflection model, known as xillverCO, that is tailored for the atypical abundances found in UCXBs, to account for the reflected emission. We tested the emission radii of the O and Fe line components and conclude that they originate from a common disk radius in the innermost region of the accretion disk (R
in ≤ 1.07 R
ISCO). Assuming that the compact accretor is a neutron star (NS) and the position of the inner disk is the Alfvén radius, we placed an upper limit on the magnetic field strength to be B ≤ 0.7(D/7 kpc) × 108 G at the poles. Given the lack of pulsations detected and position of R
in, it was likely that a boundary layer region had formed between the NS surface and inner edge of the accretion disk with an extent of 1.2 km. This implies a maximum radius of the neutron star accretor of R
NS ≤ 12.1 km when assuming a canonical NS mass of 1.4 M
⊙.
Allesfitter: Flexible Star and Exoplanet Inference from Photometry and Radial Velocity
Authors: Günther Maximilian N. , Daylan Tansu
Published: April 2021

We present allesfitter, a public and open-source Python software for flexible and robust inference of stars and exoplanets given photometric and radial velocity data. Allesfitter offers a rich selection of orbital and transit/eclipse models, accommodating multiple exoplanets, multistar systems, transit-timing variations, phase curves, stellar variability, starspots, stellar flares, and various systematic noise models, including Gaussian processes. It features both parameter estimation and Bayesian model selection, allowing either a Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Nested Sampling fit to be easily run. For novice users, a graphical user interface allows all input and perform analyses to be specified; for Python users, all modules can be readily imported into any existing script. Allesfitter also produces publication-ready tables, LaTeX commands, and figures. The software is publicly available (https://github.com/MNGuenther/allesfitter), pip-installable (pip install allesfitter), and well documented (www.allesfitter.com). Finally, we demonstrate the software’s capabilities in several examples and provide updates to the literature where possible for Pi Mensae, TOI-216, WASP-18, KOI-1003, and GJ 1243.
Self-supervised Representation Learning for Astronomical Images
Authors: Hayat Md Abul , Stein George , Harrington Peter , Lukić Zarija , Mustafa Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Sky surveys are the largest data generators in astronomy, making automated tools for extracting meaningful scientific information an absolute necessity. We show that, without the need for labels, self-supervised learning recovers representations of sky survey images that are semantically useful for a variety of scientific tasks. These representations can be directly used as features, or fine-tuned, to outperform supervised methods trained only on labeled data. We apply a contrastive learning framework on multiband galaxy photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), to learn image representations. We then use them for galaxy morphology classification and fine-tune them for photometric redshift estimation, using labels from the Galaxy Zoo 2 data set and SDSS spectroscopy. In both downstream tasks, using the same learned representations, we outperform the supervised state-of-the-art results, and we show that our approach can achieve the accuracy of supervised models while using 2–4 times fewer labels for training. The codes, trained models, and data can be found at https://portal.nersc.gov/project/dasrepo/self-supervised-learning-sdss.
Astrophysics Milestones for Pulsar Timing Array Gravitational-wave Detection
Authors: Pol Nihan S. , Taylor Stephen R. , Zoltan Kelley Luke , Vigeland Sarah J. , Simon Joseph , Chen Siyuan , Arzoumanian Zaven , Baker Paul T. , Bécsy Bence , Brazier Adam , Brook Paul R. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Cornish Neil J. , Crawford Fronefield , Thankful Cromartie H. , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fiore William , Fonseca Emmanuel , Garver-Daniels Nathan , Good Deborah C. , Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Jennings Ross J. , Jones Megan L. , Kaiser Andrew R. , Kaplan David L. , Shapiro Key Joey , Lam Michael T. , Lazio T. Joseph W. , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , Madison Dustin R. , McEwen Alexander , McLaughlin Maura A. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Ng Cherry , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Ransom Scott M. , Ray Paul S. , Shapiro-Albert Brent J. , Siemens Xavier , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stinebring Daniel R. , Swiggum Joseph K. , Vallisneri Michele , Wahl Haley , Witt Caitlin A. ,   The NANOGrav Collaboration
Published: April 2021

The NANOGrav Collaboration reported strong Bayesian evidence for a common-spectrum stochastic process in its 12.5 yr pulsar timing array data set, with median characteristic strain amplitude at periods of a year of

. However, evidence for the quadrupolar Hellings & Downs interpulsar correlations, which are characteristic of gravitational-wave signals, was not yet significant. We emulate and extend the NANOGrav data set, injecting a wide range of stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) signals that encompass a variety of amplitudes and spectral shapes, and quantify three key milestones. (I) Given the amplitude measured in the 12.5 yr analysis and assuming this signal is a GWB, we expect to accumulate robust evidence of an interpulsar-correlated GWB signal with 15–17 yr of data, i.e., an additional 2–5 yr from the 12.5 yr data set. (II) At the initial detection, we expect a fractional uncertainty of 40% on the power-law strain spectrum slope, which is sufficient to distinguish a GWB of supermassive black hole binary origin from some models predicting more exotic origins. (III) Similarly, the measured GWB amplitude will have an uncertainty of 44% upon initial detection, allowing us to arbitrate between some population models of supermassive black hole binaries. In addition, power-law models are distinguishable from those having low-frequency spectral turnovers once 20 yr of data are reached. Even though our study is based on the NANOGrav data, we also derive relations that allow for a generalization to other pulsar timing array data sets. Most notably, by combining the data of individual arrays into the International Pulsar Timing Array, all of these milestones can be reached significantly earlier.
Time-series and Phase-curve Photometry of the Episodically Active Asteroid (6478) Gault in a Quiescent State Using APO, GROWTH, P200, and ZTF
Authors: Purdum Josiah N. , Lin Zhong-Yi , Bolin Bryce T. , Sharma Kritti , Choi Philip I. , Bhalerao Varun , Hanuš Josef , Kumar Harsh , Quimby Robert , van Roestel Joannes C. , Zhai Chengxing , Fernandez Yanga R. , Lisse Carey M. , Bodewits Dennis , Fremling Christoffer , Ryan Golovich Nathan , Hsu Chen-Yen , Ip Wing-Huen , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Saini Navtej S. , Shao Michael , Yao Yuhan , Ahumada Tomás , Anand Shreya , Andreoni Igor , Burdge Kevin B. , Burruss Rick , Chang Chan-Kao , Copperwheat Chris M. , Coughlin Michael , De Kishalay , Dekany Richard , Delacroix Alexandre , Drake Andrew , Duev Dmitry , Graham Matthew , Hale David , Kool Erik C. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kostadinova Iva S. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish , Masci Frank J. , Mróz Przemyslaw J. , Neill James D. , Riddle Reed , Rodriguez Hector , Smith Roger M. , Walters Richard , Yan Lin , Zolkower Jeffry
Published: April 2021

We observed the episodically active asteroid (6478) Gault in 2020 with multiple telescopes in Asia and North America and found that it is no longer active after its recent outbursts at the end of 2018 and the start of 2019. The inactivity during this apparition allowed us to measure the absolute magnitude of Gault of H

r
= 14.63 ± 0.02, G

r
= 0.21 ± 0.02 from our secular phase-curve observations. In addition, we were able to constrain Gault’s rotation period using time-series photometric lightcurves taken over 17 hr on multiple days in 2020 August, September, and October. The photometric lightcurves have a repeating ≲0.05 mag feature suggesting that (6478) Gault has a rotation period of ∼2.5 hr and may have a semispherical or top-like shape, much like the near-Earth asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. The rotation period of ∼2.5 hr is near the expected critical rotation period for an asteroid with the physical properties of (6478) Gault, suggesting that its activity observed over multiple epochs is due to surface mass shedding from its fast rotation spin-up by the Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect.
First record of the lace bug genus Eritingis (Drake and Ruhoff) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan and Thailand
Authors: Souma Jun
Published: April 2021

The lace bug genus Eritingis Drake and Ruhoff, 1962 is widely distributed in the Australian and Oriental Regions, whereas only a single species, E. recentis (Drake and Poor, 1937), has been recorded from the Oriental Region. To date, E. recentis is known to occur in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore and Vietnam, but has not been recorded from Japan and Thailand.

Eritingis and E. recentis are recorded from Japan and Thailand for the first time.
Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena
Authors: Bundhun Digvijayini , Jeewon Rajesh , Senanayake Indunil C. , Camporesi Erio , Aluthmuhandiram Janith V. S. , Tang Alvin M. C. , Kang Ji-Chuan , Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan , Hyde Kevin D.
Published: April 2021

Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy were subjected to morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. Two coelomycetous taxa belonging to two different genera in Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, namely Discosia and Sporocadus, were identified. The Discosia taxon is revealed as a new species and is herein introduced as Discosia ravennicasp. nov. while the Sporocadus taxon is identified as Sporocadus rosigena. Multi-locus phylogeny based on DNA sequence data of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal genes, β-tubulin (β-tub) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed that D. ravennica is related to D. neofraxinea but it forms an independent lineage that supports its new species status. The new taxon also differs from other Discosia species by its unilocular to bilocular, superficial and applanate conidiomata with basal stroma composed of cells of textura angularis, elongate-ampulliform conidiogenous cells and conidia smaller in size. Sporocadus rosigena is here reported as a new host record from Quercus ilex from Italy. Descriptions, illustrations and molecular data for both species are provided in this paper.
Pour une poésie saltimbanque : éloge d’Aya Nakamura, PNL et Soolking
Authors: Taillandier Fanny
Published: April 2021

On a découvert la romancière Fanny Taillandier par ses chroniques mensuelles dans le magazine Mouvement . Elle y remonte et y commente la langue des médias avec des fragments de récits littéraires ou historiques. Petites phrases à la con et images choc y sont détournées de leurs flux et réinsérés dans les chaînes de déplacements, d’inversions ou d’oublis historiques qui les ont rendues possibles – et on respire mieux comme ça. Ici, elle écrit dans ce style pour nous parler de la langue française qui se (re)construit en ce moment à l’intersection du rap, du RnB et de la pop, et de la petite utopie cosmopolite que font surgir PNL, Soolking et Aya Nakamura en retournant tranquillement le stigmate minoritaire. Soyons clairs, on n’a pas tellement l’impression qu’il soit besoin de défendre ces musiques contre le mépris dont elles font parfois encore l’objet. Mais comme on a découvert récemment qu’il existait encore des personnes pour s’offusquer de telle ou telle trahison de la grammaire – chez Wejdene, bien sûr, mais aussi souvent ailleurs – on prend pas mal de plaisir à partager avec vous cette ode subjective à la musique d’une langue qui s’autorise d’elle-même.
Qui a inventé le reggaeton ?
Authors: Marshall Wayne , Croze Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Cet article en deux parties (la suite au prochain numéro !), issu d’un ouvrage collectif consacré au reggaeton ( Reggaeton , paru chez Duke University Press en 2009), nous vient d’un des principaux théoriciens de la « bass culture » internationale, l’universitaire Wayne Marshall – un auteur qui n’a pas son pareil pour décrire et analyser les références de « Despacito » ou l’écoute de rap sur les fréquences aiguës de nos téléphones portables. C’est bien sûr dans le contexte d’un énième regain d’effervescence du côté de l’industrie musicale et de l’underground autour des musiques estampillées « latino » que nous choisissons de publier ce texte. Il pourrait s’appeler « D’où vient vraiment le reggaeton ? » – à condition de préciser immédiatement qu’il rend cette question plus compliquée, plutôt que de prétendre y répondre directement. C’est bien cette manière de montrer le caractère problématique des réinterprétations nationalistes et ethno-raciales du reggaeton qui constitue sa vertu. Si son érudition vous donne le vertige, ne vous inquiétez pas, à nous aussi – c’est une autre de ses principales qualités.
Introduction. L’émergence des laïcs dans l’Église
Authors: Kaptijn Astrid
Published: April 2021

Le phénomène des laïcs en mission ecclésiale s’est développé surtout pendant ces dernières décennies. Si le concile Vatican II a mis en valeur la coresponsabilité des laïcs dans l’Église fondée sur leur baptême et la confirmation, certains laïcs reçoivent en outre des responsabilités particulières définies souvent dans une lettre de mission. A. Borras se pose la question de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, la lettre de mission est une garantie de légitimité de la mission des laïcs en étudiant l’attribution des offices et des charges dans l’Église. L’expérience du diocèse de Verdun concernant l’évaluation des laïcs en mission ecclésiale, décrite par J.-L. Blaise, est qualifiée de moyen de faire vivre l’Église comme mission et comme communion. Elle permet de prendre conscience des avantages d’une telle évaluation et du besoin de bien définir le rôle des personnes concernées : les laïcs en mission ecclésiale, les référents et les prêtres accompagnateurs.
Du Corpus au Codex Iuris Canonici : un changement de paradigme
Authors: Fantappiè Carlo
Published: April 2021

C. Fantappiè présente les différentes étapes de la genèse de son ouvrage Chiesa romana e modernità giuridica , allant de la biographie intellectuelle et de la doctrine canonique élaborée par le cardinal Gasparri à l’approche doctrinale des professeurs des Facultés canoniques de Rome ayant influencé le Code de droit canonique de 1917, puis à la rationalisation du droit canonique par l’adoption de la technique de la codification. Le changement de paradigme abandonnant les compilations, est considéré comme l’expression de la façon dont l’Église se comprend elle-même. Le doyen Greiner aborde non seulement le rôle du cardinal Gasparri comme fondateur de la Faculté de Droit canonique à Paris, mais aussi sa contribution à la réintroduction de l’enseignement du droit canonique en France, ainsi que l’influence de son enseignement parisien sur son choix de préparer une codification du droit canonique.
Modification du Code de Droit canonique par le Motu Proprio Omnium in mentem
Authors: Toxé Philippe
Published: April 2021

« Modifications du Code de Droit canonique par le motu proprio Omnium in mentem – Modifications in the Code of Canon Law by the motu proprio Omnium in mentem », Philippe TOXÉ. Le motu proprio Omnium in mentem , signé par le pape le 26 octobre 2009, modifie cinq canons du code latin. Les deux premiers ont été modifiés pour préciser la nature du diaconat au sein du sacrement de l’ordre. Les trois autres suppriment l’exemption de trois règles de droit du mariage dont bénéficiaient jusque là ceux qui avaient quitté l’Église par un acte formel. La loi n’ayant des effets que pour l’avenir, les mariages civils ou dispars célébrés sans dispense par des fidèles, avant l’entrée en vigueur de la loi nouvelle, seront ou non valides selon que le juge estimera que ces fidèles ont quitté l’Église par un acte formel. Bien que la question puisse être discutée, il semble que le juge puisse se référer aux critères établis par le Conseil pontifical dans sa lettre de 2006.
Écritures de soi, Écritures des limites
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: April 2021

La délimitation de soi avec l’écriture : telle serait la visée de l’écriture de soi, qui devient particulièrement visible lorsque l’auteur écrit sa vie à partie de la survie à un projet d’extermination. Avec Dossier K (Kertész) et Histoire d’une vie (Appelfeld), il s’agira d’étudier la confiance dans les mots sans laquelle cette délimitation de soi n’est pas possible.
Écritures de soi, Écritures des limites
Authors: Goldschmidt Didier
Published: April 2021

Derrière l’apparente légèreté de son œuvre, Stevenson est un aventurier de l’écriture. Ses romans en polissent la surface jusqu’à faire du récit un calque translucide et émancipateur. Dans Kidnapped , le temps d’un chapitre, il rassemble narrateur, lecteur et roman sur un ilot. Moment de commune écoute où, grâce la transparence de l’écriture, le lecteur déchiffre l’écriture de soi au fil de la lecture de l’autre. Stevenson trace, sans activisme, de la pointe de la plume, une écriture d’un soi commun c’est-à-dire d’un nous universel. Comme tout écrivain, il sait que pour cela, l’écriture doit être la seule personne du livre.
Le conseil d’administration, un organe de gouvernance soutenant les différents stades de croissance des PME
Authors: Snadli Sonia , Khlif Wafa , Karoui Lotfi
Published: April 2021

The growth of a firm has often been described theoretically as a biological process following a life cycle where decline is located inevitably after the stages of creation, expansion and then maturity. An integrative model of growth following rather dynamic states seems to better describe the reality of SMEs. The objective of this article is to understand the role played by the board of directors in supporting a SME throughout its dynamic states of growth. The results show how, for each “state,” a specific role of the board of directors predominates. They also show the existence of some triggering events supporting the company’s transition from one growth “state” to another one.