bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in cervical carcinoma: monitoring treatment response to radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Y.‐F. , Cheng Y.‐M. , Wu Y.‐P. , Chen H. H. W. , Hsu K.‐F. , Wu Y.‐H. , Chou C.‐Y.
Published: June 2012

Objectives

To investigate, using three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D‐PDU), alterations in cervical intratumoral vascularization during and after radiotherapy.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2009 we enrolled into the study 37 patients with FIGO Stages IB1–IIB cervical carcinoma who were undergoing radiotherapy. Serial 3D‐PDU scans were performed during treatment, providing ultrasonographic measurement of tumor size, vascularization index, flow index and vascularization flow index, as well as monthly for 3 months post‐treatment and tri‐monthly thereafter, until vascularity was undetectable on two consecutive occasions. Physical examination, cervical cytology and serum marker evaluation were performed every 3–6 months for the first 5 years following treatment. Patients evaluated after a 2‐year tumor‐free interval and those with clinically assessed positive findings at follow‐up underwent 3D‐PDU to detect possible local disease.

Results

A total of 329 3D‐PDU scans were performed in the 37 women. Cervical tumors and intratumoral vascularization disappeared within 3 months following radiotherapy, except in one patient with persistent disease. Nine patients had disease relapse, in four of whom the recurrence was local. In three of these four, there was recurrence of tumor and vascularization after a complete response. At follow‐up, 3D‐PDU detected local disease with 75.0% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity, while serum markers detected local disease among 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma with 20.0% sensitivity and 77.3% specificity.

Conclusions

Compared with serum markers in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 3D‐PDU has higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting local recurrence or persistence in cervical carcinoma. Thus, 3D‐PDU combined with clinical assessment may be a new and safe method for monitoring radiotherapy treatment response and detecting local recurrence. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Intracycle variation in number of antral follicles stratified by size and in endocrine markers of ovarian reserve in women with normal ovulatory menstrual cycles
Authors: Deb S. , Campbell B. K. , Clewes J. S. , Pincott‐Allen C. , Raine‐Fenning N. J.
Published: June 2012

Objective

To quantify the intracycle variation in markers of ovarian reserve measured by antral follicle counts stratified by size using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) in women with normal menstrual cycles.

Methods

Healthy volunteers with normal menstrual cycles were prospectively recruited. Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound examination and blood test were performed in early (F1) and mid‐follicular (F2) phases and in periovulatory (PO) and luteal (LU) phases of one menstrual cycle. Antral follicles were measured using ‘sonography‐based automated volume calculation’ with post processing (SonoAVC) and ovarian volume was measured using Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL). Blood serum was processed for hormonal assays including AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol. Repeated‐measures analysis was used to examine the variance in markers of ovarian reserve in different phases of one menstrual cycle.

Results

A total of 36 volunteers were included in the final analysis, of whom 34 attended all four visits. Repeated‐measures analysis showed a significant variation in total antral follicle count (AFC) (P < 0.001). However, on stratifying the antral follicles according to size using SonoAVC, a non‐significant variation (P = 0.382) was seen in small AFC (≤ 6.0 mm) and a significant variation (P < 0.001) was seen in large AFC (> 6.0 mm). The ovarian volume showed a significant intracycle variation (P < 0.001). A small but significant intracycle variation was noted in AMH (P = 0.041) and a significant variation was seen in levels of serum FSH, LH and estradiol (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Small antral follicles (≤ 6.0 mm) measured using 3D ultrasound and AMH show little intracycle variation and perhaps should be evaluated when predicting ovarian reserve independent of menstrual cycle.
Generalized convolution theorem associated with fractional Fourier transform
Authors: Shi Jun , Sha Xuejun , Song Xiaocheng , Zhang Naitong
Published: June 2012

The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT)—a generalization of the well‐known Fourier transform (FT)—is a comparatively new and powerful mathematical tool for signal processing. Many results in Fourier analysis have currently been extended to the FRFT, including the ordinary convolution theorem. However, the extension of the ordinary convolution theorem associated with the FRFT has been developed differently and is still not having a widely accepted closed‐form expression. In this paper, a generalized convolution theorem for the FRFT is proposed, and the dual of it is also presented. The ordinary convolution theorem and some of its existing extensions related to the FRFT are shown to be special cases of the derived results. Moreover, some applications of the derived results are presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigenous silver jewellery of Northern Patagonia (19th century): a first analytical approach to composite objects
Authors: Guerra Maria Filomena , Núñez‐Regueiro Paz
Published: June 2012

A set of Mapuche–Tehuelche composite silver jewellery items, produced in the 19th century and collected in a same indigenous camp in 1896, belonging to the La Vaulx's collection held at the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris), was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope and X‐radiography, and analysed by PIXE with a 3‐MeV external proton micro‐beam. We aimed to check if these jewels used daily by women evolved during their owners' lifetime, through the analysis of the alloys employed in their making and the silversmith's technologies.

Results showed that the jewels were manufactured by different silversmiths, yet using the same workshop traditions. Silver‐based alloys of different compositions were identified. The presence of high Zn and Ni contents in many parts of certain items denotes the use of nickel silver alloys not by direct use of coins and native metals as expected but by remelting and reuse of coins and objects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of trace elements analysis of nephrite samples from different deposits by PIXE and ICP‐AES
Authors: Zhang Z. W. , Xu Y. C. , Cheng H. S. , Gan F. X.
Published: June 2012

Comparing values of trace elements determined by external‐beam proton‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) is important to find the provenience of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts, because most previous elemental characterizations of nephrite minerals were obtained by ICP‐AES, but PIXE presents the possibility of nondestructive analysis for largely and integrally ancient nephrite artifacts. In this work based on 12 nephrite minerals, it shows that the distribution of trace elements of nephrite samples both in PIXE and ICP‐AES data are generally consistent, although large differences exist in some elements. According to the trace elements, the two types of nephrite mineralization origins can be distinguished, determined by PIXE and ICP‐AES, respectively. Moreover, depending on the PIXE and ICP‐AES data, Sr can be regarded as fingerprint element of Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals, and the differentiation of Sr content between Xiaomeiling nephrite minerals and ancient nephrite artifacts from Liangzhu culture (3300–2300 bc) is clear evidence that the raw materials of the artifacts are not from Xiaomeiling deposit. The nephrite minerals from Wenchuan deposit can be distinguished from other samples because of their high values of Mn/Fe. Therefore, the PIXE can be used with ICP‐AES to judge mineralization mechanism and find fingerprint elements of raw materials of ancient nephrite artifacts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global analysis of experimental constraints on a possible Higgs-like particle with mass ∼ 125 GeV
Authors: Ellis John , You Tevong
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We perform a global analysis of the constraints on a possible Higgs-like particle with mass ∼ 125 GeV that are provided by the ATLAS, CDF, CMS and D0 experiments. We combine the available constraints on possible deviations from the Standard Model Higgs couplings to massive vector bosons and to fermions, considering also the possibilities of non-standard loop-induced couplings to photon and gluon pairs. We analyze the combined constraints on pseudo-dilaton scenarios and on some other scenarios in which the possible new particle is identified as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson in a composite electroweak symmetry-breaking sector.
Retracted Article: Clinical effectiveness of continuous passive motion (CPM) following femoroacetabular impingement surgery in adolescents
Authors: Hosalkar Harish , Bomar James D.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

This study hypothesizes that the use of continuous passive motion (CPM) following open femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery in the adolescent population improves clinical outcomes in terms of the modified Harris hip score (mHHS).

Methods

Twenty-nine symptomatic adolescent FAI patients were postoperatively divided into one of three groups; no CPM, two days of inpatient CPM, and two weeks of CPM. mHHS was used preoperatively and postoperatively at six weeks, three months, six months, and nine months in all cases. Kruskal–Wallis (KW) analysis was performed to determine statistical differences in mHHS. mHHS was then re-evaluated using the Mann–Whitney test.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in hip scores between the three groups preoperatively ( p = 0.158). There were statistically significant differences ( p < 0.001) in mHHS between the three groups at all postoperative time periods. The group that received two weeks of CPM had the best outcome scores.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that postoperative CPM use following open hip preservation surgery for symptomatic FAI in adolescents improves clinical outcomes. These benefits seem to be related to the duration of CPM.

Level of evidence

Retrospective comparative study, Level III. Patients treated one way compared with patients treated another way at the same institution.
Leading Europe beyond the Crisis
Authors: De Corte Stefaan , Lageson John
Published: June 2012

As Europe continues to struggle economically, fresh ideas are urgently needed for revitalising the economy, generating growth and creating jobs. The Centre for European Studies (CES), the political foundation and think tank of the European People's Party, is committed to finding solutions to help Europe move forward. Therefore, on the 19th and 20th of April, the CES brought together experts and policymakers from across Europe and beyond for the Economic Ideas Forum in Dublin. The following article provides an overview of the main topics and ideas that were discussed over the course of five panel debates, as well as keynote addresses by EU officials, ministers and heads of government.
Left‐Sided Hemiparesis, Pain Frequency, and Decreased Passive Shoulder Range of Abduction Are Predictors of Long‐Lasting Poststroke Shoulder Pain
Authors: Lindgren Ingrid , Lexell Jan , Jönsson Ann‐Cathrin , Brogårdh Christina
Published: June 2012

Objective

To determine the proportion of persons with poststroke shoulder pain 4 months after onset of the stroke in whom long‐lasting shoulder pain develops and to assess the extent to which age, side of paresis at stroke onset, pain frequency and pain intensity, passive shoulder range of motion, resistance to passive movements, motor function, and subluxation at 4 months after stroke predict shoulder pain 1 year later.

Design

A prospective study.

Setting

A university hospital outpatient clinical setting.

Participants

Fifty‐eight men and women with their first‐ever stroke (mean age, 71 years) and affected sensory‐motor function in the upper extremity at stroke onset who all reported shoulder pain in the affected side 4 months after onset of the stroke.

Methods

At 4 and 16 months after having a stroke, the participants rated their self‐perceived shoulder pain (frequency and intensity). Passive range of shoulder abduction and external rotation, resistance to passive movements in the elbow, and motor function in the shoulder were assessed by a physical therapist.

Main Outcome Measurements

A question about pain frequency (constant, often, or occasional), the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain for self‐perceived shoulder pain intensity, a goniometer for range of motion, the Modified Ashworth Scale for resistance to passive movements, and the Motor Assessment Scale for motor function.

Results

Of the 58 participants who had shoulder pain 4 months after having a stroke, 42 (72%) still had pain at 16 months. The logistic regression indicated an association between shoulder pain at 16 months and left‐sided hemiparesis at stroke onset (P = .01; odds ratio [OR] 10.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92‐57.05), pain frequency (P = .02; OR 6.85; 95% CI 1.46‐32.14), decreased passive abduction at 4 months (P = .05; OR 4.46; 95% CI 0.99‐20.10), and age (P = .07; OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.0‐1.12).

Conclusions

A high proportion of persons with shoulder pain 4 months after having a stroke are at risk of having persistent shoulder pain 1 year later. Left‐sided hemiparesis, pain reported frequently, and decreased passive shoulder range of abduction at 4 months are predictors of long‐lasting poststroke shoulder pain and require increased attention in the rehabilitation setting.
The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi
Authors: Lemstra Wolter , Hayes Vic , Groenewegen John
Published: June 2012

Wi-Fi has become the preferred means for connecting to the internet - at home, in the office, in hotels and at airports. Increasingly, Wi-Fi also provides internet access for remote communities where it is deployed by volunteers in community-based networks, by operators in 'hotspots' and by municipalities in 'hotzones'. This book traces the global success of Wi-Fi to the landmark change in radio spectrum policy by the US FCC in 1985, the initiative by NCR Corporation to start development of Wireless-LANs and the drive for an open standard IEEE 802.11, released in 1997. It also singles out and explains the significance of the initiative by Steve Jobs at Apple to include Wireless-LAN in the iBook, which moved the product from the early adopters to the mass market. The book explains these developments through first-hand accounts by industry practitioners and concludes with reflections and implications for government policy and firm strategy.
Corporate Social Strategy
Authors: Husted Bryan W. , Allen David Bruce
Published: June 2012

Can good-will be good business? Firms are increasingly called upon to address matters such as poverty and human rights violations. The demand for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is directed mainly at top management in multinational corporations who are reminded that, in addition to helping to make the world a better place, their commitment to social action will be rewarded by lasting customer loyalty and profits. But is it true that firms that engage in social action will be rewarded with a good name, competitive advantage, superior profits and corporate sustainability? What if it is true for some firms and not for others? This book addresses these and other questions by explaining the how and why of creating value and competitive advantage through corporate social action. It shows how and when firms can develop successful corporate social strategies that establish strong commitments to shareholders, employees and other stakeholders.
How Australia Compares
Authors: Tiffen Rodney , Gittins Ross
Published: June 2012

How Australia Compares is a handy reference that compares Australia with seventeen other developed countries across a wide range of social, economic and political dimensions. Whenever possible, it gives not only snapshot comparisons from the present, but charts trends over recent decades or even longer. Encyclopaedic in scope, it provides statistics for a huge range of human activity, from taxation to traffic accidents, homicide rates to health expenditure, interest rates to internet usage. This new edition is fully revised and updated, and features two new chapters: The Howard Impact and The Search for Scoreboards. New sections include obesity, advertising, broadband internet access, childcare and corruption. Information is highly accessible with double-page spreads for each topic. Tables and graphs are presented on one page, and clear explanation and analysis on the facing page. In each discussion the focus is to put the Australian experience into international perspective, drawing out the implications for the nation's performance, policies and prospects.
An Introduction to Rights
Authors: Edmundson William A.
Published: June 2012

An Introduction to Rights is a readable and accessible introduction to the history, logic, moral implications and political tendencies of the idea of rights. It is organized chronologically and discusses important historical events such as the French and American Revolutions. It treats a range of historical figures, including Grotius, Paley, Hobbes, Locke, Bentham, Burke, Godwin, Douglass, Mill and Hohfeld and relates the concept of rights to contemporary debates such as consequentialism versus contractualism. This thoroughly updated second edition includes a new preface and expands the discussion of the surprising role that slavery has played in the history of rights. It includes new material on egalitarianism, distributive justice and what the demand for equal rights means.
The Rationalization of Miracles
Authors: Parigi Paolo
Published: June 2012

During the Counter-Reformation in southern Europe, Catholic Church officials developed rules to legitimize miracles performed by candidates to sainthood. The Rationalization of Miracles uncovers a tacit understanding between central religious officials and local religious activists. Each group had a vested interest in declaring miracles: Catholic Church leaders sought legitimacy in the wake of the crisis of faith created by the Protestant Schism and religious acolytes needed Church approval to secure a flow of resources to their movements. The Church's new procedure of deeming miracles 'true' when there were witnesses of different statuses and the acts occurred in the presence of a candidate's acolyte served the needs of both parties. And by developing rules and procedures for evaluating miracles, the Church rationalized the magic at the root of the miracles, thereby propelling the institution out of a period of institutional, political and social uncertainty and forming the basis of modern sainthood.
Party Politics and Economic Reform in Africa's Democracies
Authors: Pitcher M. Anne
Published: June 2012

In Party Politics and Economic Reform in Africa's Democracies, M. Anne Pitcher offers an engaging new theory to explain the different trajectories of private sector development across contemporary Africa. Pitcher argues that the outcomes of economic reforms depend not only on the kinds of institutional arrangements adopted by states in order to create or expand their private sectors, but also on the nature of party system competition and the quality of democracy in particular countries. To illustrate her claim, Pitcher draws on several original data sets covering twenty-seven countries in Africa, and detailed case studies of the privatization process in Zambia, Mozambique and South Africa. This study underscores the importance of formal institutions and political context to the design and outcome of economic policies in developing countries.
The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance
Authors: Bertelli Anthony Michael
Published: June 2012

In The Political Economy of Public Sector Governance, Anthony Michael Bertelli introduces core ideas in positive political theory as they apply to public management and policy. Though recent literature that mathematically models relationships between politicians and public managers provides insight into contemporary public administration, the technical way these works present information limits their appeal. This book helps readers understand public-sector governance arrangements and the implications these arrangements have for public management practice and policy outcomes by presenting information in a non-technical way.
An Introduction to Medieval Theology
Authors: van Nieuwenhove Rik
Published: June 2012

Medieval theology, in all its diversity, was radically theo-centric, Trinitarian, Scriptural and sacramental. It also operated with a profound view of human understanding (in terms of intellectus rather than mere ratio). In a post-modern climate, in which the modern views on 'autonomous reason' are increasingly being questioned, it may prove fruitful to re-engage with pre-modern thinkers who, obviously, did not share our modern and post-modern presuppositions. Their different perspective does not antiquate their thought, as some of the 'cultured despisers' of medieval thought might imagine. On the contrary, rather than rendering their views obsolete it makes them profoundly challenging and enriching for theology today. This book is more than a survey of key medieval thinkers (from Augustine to the late-medieval period); it is an invitation to think along with major theologians and explore how their thought can deeply challenge some of today's modern and post-modern key assumptions.
Mechanics of the Cell
Authors: Boal David
Published: June 2012

Exploring the mechanical features of biological cells, including their architecture and stability, this textbook is a pedagogical introduction to the interdisciplinary fields of cell mechanics and soft matter physics from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This second edition has been greatly updated and expanded, with new chapters on complex filaments, the cell division cycle, the mechanisms of control and organization in the cell, and fluctuation phenomena. The textbook is now in full color which enhances the diagrams and allows the inclusion of new microscopy images. With around 280 end-of-chapter exercises exploring further applications, this textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and biomedical engineering. A website hosted by the author contains extra support material, diagrams and lecture notes, and is available at www.cambridge.org/Boal.
Meaning and Relevance
Authors: Wilson Deirdre , Sperber Dan
Published: June 2012

When people speak, their words never fully encode what they mean, and the context is always compatible with a variety of interpretations. How can comprehension ever be achieved? Wilson and Sperber argue that comprehension is a process of inference guided by precise expectations of relevance. What are the relations between the linguistically encoded meanings studied in semantics and the thoughts that humans are capable of entertaining and conveying? How should we analyse literal meaning, approximations, metaphors and ironies? Is the ability to understand speakers' meanings rooted in a more general human ability to understand other minds? How do these abilities interact in evolution and in cognitive development? Meaning and Relevance sets out to answer these and other questions, enriching and updating relevance theory and exploring its implications for linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and literary studies.
The Service Sector in India's Development
Authors: Nayyar Gaurav
Published: June 2012

A striking aspect of India's recent growth has been the dynamism of its services sector. In 2010, it accounted for 57 percent of the country's GDP and 25 percent of its total employment. The results do not conform to the growth experience of currently industrialized countries or other developing economies. Is the increasing share of the service sector in India's total output simply notional, as several activities that were earlier classified in the industrial sector are now subsumed in services' value added, or because the relative price of services has increased over time? No. The sector's growth is real - it is linked to household final demand, policy reforms and increased service exports. Is this service-led growth process sustainable? That remains an open question because the service sector is highly heterogeneous, ranging from software services and business process outsourcing to wholesale and retail trade and personal services. These subsectors vary considerably in the context of different economic characteristics that are important for development.
Aristotle's Ethics and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Echeñique Javier
Published: June 2012

Aristotle's Ethics develops a complex theory of the qualities which make for a good human being and for several decades there has been intense discussion about whether Aristotle's theory of voluntariness, outlined in the Ethics, actually delineates what modern thinkers would recognize as a theory of moral responsibility. Javier Echeñique presents a novel account of Aristotle's discussion of voluntariness in the Ethics, arguing - against the interpretation by Arthur Adkins and that inspired by Peter Strawson - that he developed an original and compelling theory of moral responsibility and that this theory has contributed in important ways to our understanding of coercion, ignorance and violence. His study will be valuable for a wide range of readers interested in Aristotle and in ancient ethics more broadly.
Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia
Authors: Pearson Gail
Published: June 2012

Up until the global credit crisis in 2008, 'Financial Services' was the fastest growing sector of the Australian economy. This growth has had profound implications for individuals, corporations and government. Following extensive review in the last part of the twentieth century, Australia put in place an overarching system for regulating all financial services, replacing a system that was based on separate regulation of products in individual industries. Focusing on the implications of the new system for retail clients - 'financial citizens' - Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia provides a comprehensive account of the regulatory structure and a detailed analysis of the legislative framework, including discussion of the new regulatory bodies, the new licensing requirements for those wishing to enter the financial services market and the new obligations for those marketing or offering financial services to the public. This is an essential resource for those working in, and advising on, financial services, for students of financial services law, and for anyone needing to understand this new regime in Australia.
An Introduction to Spanish-American Literature
Authors: Franco Jean
Published: June 2012

This is a revised, updated edition of Jean Franco's classic Introduction to Spanish-American Literature, first published in 1969 and much recommended ever since. Its coverage ranges from colonial times to the present day, the later chapters having been radically rewritten to take account of the most recent developments in both literature and criticism. The book sets the literary works discussed in their historical, political and economic context, and explores the impact on Latin-American literature of European cultural traditions. English translations are provided for Spanish quotations in the text, and the extensively updated reading lists of primary and secondary material refer not only to Spanish texts but also, where available, to editions in English.
Plato: Alcibiades
Authors: Plato
Published: June 2012

The Alcibiades was widely read in antiquity as the very best introduction to Plato. Alcibiades in his youth associated with Socrates, and went on to a spectacularly disgraceful career in politics. When Socrates was executed for 'corrupting the young men', Alcibiades was cited as a prime example. This dialogue represents Socrates meeting the charming but intellectually lazy Alcibiades as he is about to enter adult life, and using all his wiles in an attempt to win him for philosophy. In spite of its ancient reputation, many modern scholars have thought that the Alcibiades is not by Plato and it has therefore lacked a decent commentary. This edition remedies that lack. The notes explain difficulties of linguistic, literary and philosophical detail. The introduction includes a discussion of the dialogue's authenticity, and of the consequences that acknowledging its authenticity has for our conception of Plato's intellectual development.
Inequality and Christian Ethics
Authors: Hicks Douglas A.
Published: June 2012

Inequality and Christian Ethics, first published in 2000, provides a moral and empirical analysis of contemporary social and economic inequality. Drawing on Christian social ethics, political philosophy, and development economics, the book seeks to create an interdisciplinary conversation that illuminates not only the contemporary realities and trends of inequality, but their moral significance as well. It is necessary to examine and understand inequality in various forms - which the book maps out - including disparity in income, education, and health as well as differentials based on race, ethnicity, gender, and nationality. The book draws in particular on the theological ethics of Gustavo Gutiérrez and H. Richard Niebuhr to provide a Christian ethical approach to inequality and well-being. It considers the 'capability approach' set forth by Amartya Sen, Nobel laureate in economics. Sen's framework helps Christians and other persons to add specificity to what the commitment to 'equality before God' would demand in social and economic relations.
Keywords in Australian Politics
Authors: Smith Rodney , Vromen Ariadne , Cook Ian
Published: June 2012

Keywords in Australian Politics is much more than a dictionary. It outlines the main meanings of over one hundred words essential to understanding contemporary Australian politics. Political language is often used without explanation in the media, public debate, textbooks and lectures. Here at last is a book that provides Australians with the necessary information to use these terms with confidence in public discussion and debate, from the dinner party to the end-of-semester essay. This book defines each keyword, highlights links between different keywords, outlines the main debates concerning each keyword and indicates how they came to be part of Australian political language. Although the book is arranged alphabetically, systematic cross-referencing allows readers to follow their own trails of enquiry. This book is essential reading for everyone who wants to understand Australian political culture and ideas.
Children's Rights and the Developing Law
Authors: Fortin Jane
Published: June 2012

Following the implementation of the Human Rights Act 1998, awareness has increased that we live in a rights-based culture and that children constitute an important group of rights holders. Now in its third edition, Children's Rights and the Developing Law explores the way developing law and policies in England and Wales are simultaneously promoting and undermining the rights of children. It reflects on how far these developments take account of children's interests, using current research on children's needs as a template against which to assess their effectiveness and considering a broad range of topics, including medical law, education and youth justice. A critical approach is maintained throughout, particularly when assessing the extent to which the concept of children's rights is being acknowledged by the courts and policy makers and the degree to which the UK fulfils its obligations under, for example, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Managing Employee Performance and Reward
Authors: Shields John
Published: June 2012

Managing Employee Performance and Reward critically examines contemporary theory and practice in these central fields of human resource management (HRM), providing a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and topics, and draws on a wide range of case studies to demonstrate the theories. The book provides an analysis of the crucial literature on remuneration and performance management, exploring the main theories, debates and practices. The book seeks to provide students with a thorough understanding of the debates associated with issues of work motivation, pay equity, performance management ethics; the methods of pay and performance management; the systems of performance pay; and the options and issues facing managers. It encourages students to form a critical understanding of the debates it raises by providing an overview of the alternatives.
Energy Law and the Environment
Authors: Lyster Rosemary , Bradbrook Adrian
Published: June 2012

Unsustainable practices worldwide in energy production and consumption have led to a plethora of environmental problems. Until recently environmental law largely overlooked the relevance of energy production and consumption; energy was seen to be of little significance to the advancement of sustainable development. This has changed since 2000 with the global concern attached to climate change, the publication by the United Nations of the World Energy Assessment and the detailed consideration given to this issue at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. Australia has been seen to be lagging behind the other major industrialised nations of the world in addressing sustainable energy issues. This book was first published in 2006.
Emigration from Europe 1815–1930
Authors: Baines Dudley
Published: June 2012

Why did 60 million people leave Europe for overseas destinations in the hundred years after the Napoleonic Wars? What were the social and economic causes and effects of this mass migration? Why did some people emigrate and not others, and why did so many emigrants return to Europe? This short comprehensive survey answers these and other questions regarding emigration from different parts of Europe in the years between 1815 and 1930. Written specifically for undergraduate students, it reviews the current literature in several European languages, summarises both economic and demographic theories, and analyses the relation between economic change in Europe and the emigration rate, as well as discussing the economic effects of immigration on the receiving countries and the social experiences or the immigrants.
The Nazi Economic Recovery 1932–1938
Authors: Overy R. J.
Published: June 2012

The performance of the German economy between the Great Crash and the Second World War has been the subject of intense academic debate. The problems of economic growth were acute in inter-war Germany, and the depression of the early 1930s intensified these problems, driving many Germans towards the political extremes. The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 was followed by the introduction of an extensive 'package' of government policies to expand demand and increase investment. These policies were not Keynesian, for by 1939 the government had extended its range of controls over the whole economy and it became part of the Nazi political system for waging war. In this new edition of The Nazi Economic Recovery 1932–1938, R. J. Overy discusses the main areas of the debate, arguing that the war preparation that took place at this time was ultimately incompatible with long-term economic recovery, and that the German economic miracle did not occur until after 1945.
Theoretical Astrophysics
Authors: Padmanabhan T.
Published: June 2012

Graduate students and researchers in astrophysics and cosmology need a solid understanding of a wide range of physical processes. This clear and authoritative book has been designed to help them to develop the necessary toolkit of theory. The book is modular in design, allowing the reader to pick and choose a selection of chapters, if necessary. It can be used alone, or in conjunction with the accompanying two volumes (covering stars and stellar systems, and galaxies and cosmology, respectively). After reviewing the basics of dynamics, electromagnetic theory, and statistical physics, the book carefully develops a solid understanding of radiative processes, spectra, fluid mechanics, plasma physics and MHD, dynamics of gravitating systems, general relativity, nuclear physics, and other key concepts. Throughout, the reader's understanding is developed and tested with problems and helpful hints. This welcome volume provides graduate students with an indispensable introduction to and reference on all the physical processes they will need to successfully tackle research in astrophysics and cosmology.
Debating Slavery
Authors: Smith Mark M.
Published: June 2012

Even while slavery existed, Americans debated slavery. Was it a profitable and healthy institution? If so, for whom? The abolition of slavery in 1865 did not end this debate. Similar questions concerning the profitability of slavery, its impact on masters, slaves, and nonslaveowners still inform modern historical debates. Is the slave South best characterized as a capitalist society? Or did its dogged adherence to non-wage labor render it precapitalist? Today, southern slavery is among the most hotly disputed topics in writing on American history. With the use of illustrative material and a critical bibliography, Dr Smith outlines the main contours of this complex debate, summarizes the contending viewpoints, and at the same time weighs up the relative importance, strengths and weaknesses of the various competing interpretations. This book introduces an important topic in American history in a manner which is accessible to students and undergraduates taking courses in American history.
Hegel's Theory of the Modern State
Authors: Avineri Shlomo
Published: June 2012

This study in English of Hegel's political philosophy presents an overall view of the development of Hegel's political thinking. The author has drawn on Hegel's philosophical works, his political tracts and his personal correspondence. Professor Avineri shows that although Hegel is primarily thought of as a philosopher of the state, he was much concerned with social problems and his concept of the state must be understood in this context.
Foundations of Probability with Applications
Authors: Suppes Patrick , Zanotti Mario
Published: June 2012

This is an important collection of essays dealing with the foundations of probability that will be of value to philosophers of science, mathematicians, statisticians, psychologists and educationalists. The collection falls into three parts. Part I comprises five essays on the axiomatic foundations of probability. Part II contains seven articles on probabilistic causality and quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the existence of hidden variables. The third part consists of a single extended essay applying probabilistic theories of learning to practical questions of education: it incorporates extensive data analysis. Patrick Suppes is one of the world's foremost philosophers in the area of probability, and has made many contributions to both the theoretical and practical side of education. The statistician Mario Zanotti is a long-time collaborator.
Complexity and the Function of Mind in Nature
Authors: Godfrey-Smith Peter
Published: June 2012

This book explains the relationship between intelligence and environmental complexity, and in so doing links philosophy of mind to more general issues about the relations between organisms and environments, and to the general pattern of 'externalist' explanations. The author provides a biological approach to the investigation of mind and cognition in nature. In particular he explores the idea that the function of cognition is to enable agents to deal with environmental complexity. The history of the idea in the work of Dewey and Spencer is considered, as is the impact of recent evolutionary theory on our understanding of the place of mind in nature.
Idealism and Freedom
Authors: Allison Henry E.
Published: June 2012

Henry Allison is one of the foremost interpreters of the philosophy of Kant. This new volume collects all his recent essays on Kant's theoretical and practical philosophy. All the essays postdate Allison's two major books on Kant (Kant's Transcendental Idealism, 1983, and Kant's Theory of Freedom, 1990), and together they constitute an attempt to respond to critics and to clarify, develop and apply some of the central theses of those books. Two are published here for the first time. Special features of the collection are: a detailed defence of the author's interpretation of transcendental idealism; a consideration of the Transcendental Deduction and some other recent interpretations thereof; further elaborations of the tensions between various aspects of Kant's conception of freedom and of the complex role of this conception within Kant's moral philosophy.
The Cinema of Satyajit Ray
Authors: Cooper Darius
Published: June 2012

Satyajit Ray is India's greatest filmmaker and his importance in the international world of cinema has long been recognised. Darius Cooper's study of Ray is the first to examine his rich and varied work from a social and historical perspective, and to situate it within Indian aesthetics. Providing analyses of selected films, including those that comprise The Apu Trilogy, Chess Players, and Jalsaghhar, among others, Cooper outlines Western influences on Ray's work, such as the plight of women functioning within a patriarchal society, Ray's political vision of the 'doubly colonised', and his attack and critique of the Bengali/Indian middle class of today. The most comprehensive treatment of Ray's work, The Cinema of Satyajit Ray makes accessible the oeuvre of one of the most prolific and creative filmmakers of the twentieth century.
A Brief Guide to Algebraic Number Theory
Authors: Swinnerton-Dyer H. P. F.
Published: June 2012

This is a 2001 account of Algebraic Number Theory, a field which has grown to touch many other areas of pure mathematics. It is written primarily for beginning graduate students in pure mathematics, and encompasses everything that most such students are likely to need; others who need the material will also find it accessible. It assumes no prior knowledge of the subject, but a firm basis in the theory of field extensions at an undergraduate level is required, and an appendix covers other prerequisites. The book covers the two basic methods of approaching Algebraic Number Theory, using ideals and valuations, and includes material on the most usual kinds of algebraic number field, the functional equation of the zeta function and a substantial digression on the classical approach to Fermat's Last Theorem, as well as a comprehensive account of class field theory. Many exercises and an annotated reading list are also included.
Constructions of Reason
Authors: O'Neill Onora
Published: June 2012

Two centuries after they were published, Kant's ethical writings are as much admired and imitated as they have ever been, yet serious and long-standing accusations of internal incoherence remain unresolved. Onora O'Neill traces the alleged incoherences to attempt to assimilate Kant's ethical writings to modern conceptions of rationality, action and rights. When the temptation to assimilate is resisted, a strikingly different and more cohesive account of reason and morality emerges. Kant offers a `constructivist' vindication of reason and a moral vision in which obligations are prior to rights and in which justice and virtue are linked. O'Neill begins by reconsidering Kant's conceptions of philosophical method, reason, freedom, automony and action. She then moves on to the more familiar terrain of interpretation of the Categorical Imperative, while in the last section she emphasises differences between Kant's ethics and recent 'Kantian' ethics, including the work of John Rawls and other contemporary liberal political philosophers. This reassessment will add significantly to the understanding of Kantian practical philosophy.
New Views on an Old Planet
Authors: Andel Tjeerd H. van
Published: June 2012

In this 1994 revised edition of his award-winning book on the Earth's history, Professor van Andel updates and expands his earlier text, drawing on a wealth of new knowledge that has become available in the last decade. This book examines the major changes in the Earth's history - the evolution of the solid Earth, the changing oceans and atmospheres and the progression of life - to render a historical account of the Earth's evolution. Much knowledge was gained in the previous decade, and while little material has been deleted, this new edition has grown to cover the key topics, including a chapter on how we can improve our grasp on geological time. Mindful of the current interest in global change, new sections describe the green-house effect and address its possible future ramifications. In prose that is both concise and compelling, New Views on an Old Planet: A History of Global Change makes Earth history appealing to the general reader. It will serve as an excellent text for introductory courses in the earth and environmental sciences.
Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Kembhavi Ajit K. , Narlikar Jayant V.
Published: June 2012

This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive account of quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The latest observations and theoretical models are combined in this clear, pedagogic textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Researchers will also find this wide-ranging and coherent review invaluable. Throughout, detailed derivations of important results are provided to ensure the book is self-contained. Theories and models are critically compared with detailed and often puzzling observations from across the spectrum. We are led through all the key topics, including quasar surveys, continuum radiation, time variability, relativistic beaming, accretion disks, jet sidedness, gravitational lensing, unification and detailed, multi-wavelength studies of individual objects. Particular emphasis is placed on radio, X- and gamma-ray observations - not covered in depth in any previous book. All those entering into this exciting and dynamic area of astronomy research will find this book an ideal introduction.
Engineering Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Kleinstreuer Clement
Published: June 2012

This text provides a thorough treatment of the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and convection heat transfer and shows how to apply the principles to a wide variety of fluid flow problems. The book is intended for use by final year undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering. The focus is on incompressible viscous flows with special applications to non-Newtonian fluid flows, turbulent flows, and free-forced convection flows. A special feature of the text is its coverage of generalised mass, momentum, and heat transfer equations, cartesian tensor manipulations, scale analyses, mathematical modelling techniques and practical solution methods. The final chapter is unique in its case-study approach, applying general modelling principles to analyse non-isothermal flow systems found in a wide range of engineering disciplines. Numerous end-of-chapter sample problem solutions, homework assignments, and mathematical aids are provided to enhance the reader's understanding and problem-solving skills.