bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untargeted screening for novel autoantibodies with prognostic value in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Zandian A , Wingård L , Nilsson H , Sjöstedt E , Johansson D X , Just D , Hellström C , Uhlén M , Schwenk J M , Häggmark-Månberg A , Norbeck O , Owe-Larsson B , Nilsson P , Persson M A A
Published: July 2017

Immunological and inflammatory reactions have been suggested to have a role in the development of schizophrenia, a hypothesis that has recently been supported by genetic data. The aim of our study was to perform an unbiased search for autoantibodies in patients with a first psychotic episode, and to explore the association between any seroreactivity and the development of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) disorder characterized by chronic or relapsing psychotic symptoms. We collected plasma samples from 53 patients when they were treated for their first-episode psychosis, and 41 non-psychotic controls, after which the patients were followed for a mean duration of 7 years. Thirty patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder or a long-term unspecified nonorganic psychosis during follow-up, whereas 23 patients achieved complete remission. At the end of follow-up, plasma samples were analyzed for IgG reactivity to 2304 fragments of human proteins using a multiplexed affinity proteomic technique. Eight patient samples showed autoreactivity to the N-terminal fragment of the PAGE (P antigen) protein family (PAGE2B/PAGE2/PAGE5), whereas no such autoreactivity was seen among the controls. PAGE autoreactivity was associated with a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia during follow-up (odds ratio 6.7, relative risk 4.6). An immunohistochemistry analysis using antisera raised against the N-terminal fragment stained an unknown extracellular target in human cortical brain tissue. Our findings suggest that autoreactivity to the N-terminal portion of the PAGE protein family is associated with schizophrenia in a subset of patients with first-episode psychosis.
Facile preparation of pyrimidinediones and thioacrylamides via reductive functionalization of amides
Authors: Trillo Paz , Slagbrand Tove , Tinnis Fredrik , Adolfsson Hans
Published: July 2017

A protocol for the mild and chemoselective reductive functionalization of amides into pyrimidinediones and thioacrylamides has been developed.
Morphological and structural investigation of SrWO4 microcrystals in relationship with the electrical impedance properties
Authors: Dirany Nadine , McRae Edward , Arab Madjid
Published: July 2017

Synthesis of SrWO4 crystal with spindles and spheres morphologies at ambient temperature. A structuring in tetragonal scheelite favors mixed conduction properties based on order–disorder transition.
Controlled synthesis of water-dispersible and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterials by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method: from nanocrystals to nanoclusters
Authors: Jing Xunan , Liu Tianhui , Wang Daquan , Liu Jing , Meng Lingjie
Published: July 2017

Highly tunable Fe3O4 nanocrystals and nanoclusters with water-dispersible and superparamagnetic properties were successfully synthesized by a facile and effective microwave-assisted solvothermal method.
Self-assembled 3D architectures of blade-shaped hierarchical hollow microspheres from cristobalite nanosheets with exposed (101) facets
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Hu Bo , Song Wenjing , Quan Lin , Jiang Xingmao
Published: July 2017

3D architectures of ‘blade-shaped’ hierarchical hollow cristobalite microspheres (MSs) were assembled from plenty of nanosheets (NSs) with exposed (101) facetsviaa hydrothermal method.
Diffusion Monte Carlo study of excitons and biexcitons in a mass-asymmetric electron–hole bilayer
Authors: Sharma Rajesh O. , Saini L. K. , Bahuguna Bhagwati Prasad
Published: July 2017

We employed the diffusion Monte Carlo method, under fixed node approximation, to investigate the various ground state properties of a mass-asymmetric electron–hole bilayer system.
Combining EPR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography to elucidate the structure and dynamics of conformationally constrained spin labels in T4 lysozyme single crystals
Authors: Consentius Philipp , Gohlke Ulrich , Loll Bernhard , Alings Claudia , Heinemann Udo , Wahl Markus C. , Risse Thomas
Published: July 2017

Unraveling structural and dynamic details of spin labeled proteins using a combination of single crystal EPR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Radical-driven processes within a peptidic sequence of type I collagen upon single-photon ionisation in the gas phase
Authors: Schwob Lucas , Lalande Mathieu , Egorov Dmitrii , Rangama Jimmy , Hoekstra Ronnie , Vizcaino Violaine , Schlathölter Thomas , Poully Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2017

Radical creation after single-photon ionisation of collagen peptides induces the loss of molecules from amino-acid residue side-chains.
A cell-selective glutathione-responsive tris(phthalocyanine) as a smart photosensitiser for targeted photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chow Sun Y. S. , Zhao Shirui , Lo Pui-Chi , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: July 2017

The in vitro photodynamic activity of a bifunctional tris(phthalocyanine)-based photosensitiser has been examined.
Twisting induces ferromagnetism in homometallic clusters
Authors: Novitchi Ghenadie , Vela Sergi , Pilet Guillaume , Train Cyrille , Robert Vincent
Published: July 2017

Double stranded helical ligands induce ferromagnetism in copper(ii)-based compounds.
Silica analysis in bamboo black liquor by ICP-AES with the assistance of microwave digestion
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Xu Yongjian , Duan Chao , Zhang Dingjun
Published: July 2017

Combination of ICP-AES with a HNO3/H2O2/HF digestion technique is a new approach for the determination of silica content in bamboo black liquor.
White light emission from fluorene-EDOT and phenothiazine-hydroquinone based D–π–A conjugated systems in solution, gel and film forms
Authors: Anand Vivek , Dhamodharan Raghavachari
Published: July 2017

The appropriate composition of two new D–π–A conjugated organic molecules in combination with rhodamine B is observed to emit cool white light in solution and solid states.
Ferromagnetic ordering and slow magnetic relaxation observed in a triple-bridged azido-Cu(ii) chain compound with mixed carboxylate/ethanol linkers
Authors: Ma Xiaohui , Wu Yuewei , Cen Peipei , Ma Shenru , Zhang Chengcheng , Luo Shuchang , Zhou Huiliang , Song Weiming , Liu Xiangyu
Published: July 2017

A triple-bridged Cu(ii) chain compound with μ-1,1-(EO)azido, syn,syn-carboxylate, and μ2-ethanol linkers exhibits slow-relaxation and long-range magnetic ordering.
Polyglycolide–montmorillonite as a novel nanocomposite platform for biosensing applications
Authors: Unal Betul , Yalcinkaya Esra Evrim , Gumustas Sila , Sonmez Burak , Ozkan Melek , Balcan Mehmet , Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Timur Suna
Published: July 2017

In catalytic biosensors, the immobilization of biomolecules in a suitable matrix is one of the vital parameters for obtaining improved systems.
Synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo therapeutic effect in bacteria-infected zebrafish
Authors: Ayaz Ahmed Khan Behlol , Anbazhagan Veerappan
Published: July 2017

Copper sulfide nanoparticles rescue bacteria infected zebrafish.
Correction: Effect of graphene oxide on anticorrosion performance of polyelectrolyte multilayer for 2A12 aluminum alloy substrates
Authors: Zhao Xia , Jin Zuquan , Zhang Binbin , Zhai Xiaofan , Liu Shuan , Sun Xiaolin , Zhu Qingjun , Hou Baorong
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Effect of graphene oxide on anticorrosion performance of polyelectrolyte multilayer for 2A12 aluminum alloy substrates’ by Xia Zhao et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 33764–33774.
Generation and characterization of monodisperse deformable alginate and pNIPAM microparticles with a wide range of shear moduli
Authors: Hwang Margaret Y. , Kim Seo Gyun , Lee Heon Sang , Muller Susan J.
Published: July 2017

Microfluidic strategies are developed for producing monodisperse microparticles of widely varying size, shape, and moduli.
Dual functions of interface passivation and n-doping using 2,6-dimethoxypyridine for enhanced reproducibility and performance of planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jiang Youyu , Li Jing , Xiong Sixing , Jiang Fangyuan , Liu Tiefeng , Qin Fei , Hu Lin , Zhou Yinhua
Published: July 2017

2,6-Dimethoxypyridine serves dual functions as a Lewis base for surface passivation and as a dopant for PC61BM in the fabrication of highly reproducible and high-efficiency planar perovskite solar cells.
Discontinuously covered IrO2–RuO2@Ru electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: how high activity and long-term durability can be simultaneously realized in the synergistic and hybrid nano-structure
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Li Songtao , Ge Junjie , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: July 2017

A supported IrO2–RuO2@Ru (3 : 1) catalyst exhibits an IrO2-enriched surface and the intrinsic activity is enhanced obviously compared to that of an alloyed Ir3RuO2 catalyst.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based hybrid gel polymer electrolytes for additive-free lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Gao Shu , Wang Kangli , Wang Ruxing , Jiang Mao , Han Jing , Gu Tiantian , Cheng Shijie , Jiang Kai
Published: July 2017

An additive-free and free-standing GPE with excellent Li+ mobility and polysulfide localization is prepared via a facile route.
Low band gap conjugated polymers combining siloxane-terminated side chains and alkyl side chains: side-chain engineering achieving a large active layer processing window for PCE > 10% in polymer solar cells
Authors: Liu Xuncheng , Nian Li , Gao Ke , Zhang Lianjie , Qing Lechi , Wang Zhen , Ying Lei , Xie Zengqi , Ma Yuguang , Cao Yong , Liu Feng , Chen Junwu
Published: July 2017

Side-chain random copolymers show high 3-D hole transport and offer excellent active layer thickness tolerance.
Loss of prion protein is associated with the development of insulin resistance and obesity
Authors: de Brito Giovanna , Lupinacci Fernanda C. , Beraldo Flávio H. , Santos Tiago G. , Roffé Martín , Lopes Marilene H. , de Lima Vladmir C. , Martins Vilma R. , Hajj Glaucia N.
Published: July 2017

Prion protein (PrPC) was initially described due to its involvement in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. It was subsequently demonstrated to be a cell surface molecule involved in many physiological processes, such as vesicle trafficking. Here, we investigated the roles of PrPC in the response to insulin and obesity development. Two independent PrPC knockout (KO) and one PrPC overexpressing (TG20) mouse models were fed high-fat diets, and the development of insulin resistance and obesity was monitored. PrPC KO mice fed high-fat diets presented all of the symptoms associated with the development of insulin resistance: hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. Conversely, TG20 animals fed high-fat diets showed reduced weight and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was reduced in PrPC KO mice and increased in TG20 animals. PrPC KO cells also presented reduced glucose uptake upon insulin stimulation, due to reduced translocation of the glucose transporter Glut4. Thus, our results suggest that PrPC reflects susceptibility to the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in CX3CL1 is essential for its full biologic activity
Authors: Kehlen Astrid , Haegele Monique , Böhme Livia , Cynis Holger , Hoffmann Torsten , Demuth Hans-Ulrich
Published: July 2017

CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is a unique member of the CX3C chemokine family and mediates both adhesion and cell migration in inflammatory processes. Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Here, we assess the role of the pGlu-modified residue of the CX3CL1 chemokine domain in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. For the first time, we demonstrated using MS that QC (QPCT, gene name of QC) or its isoenzyme isoQC (iso-glutaminyl cyclase) (QPCTL, gene name of isoQC) catalyse the formation of N-terminal-modified pGlu-CX3CL1. Expression of QPCT is co-regulated with its substrates CCL2 and CX3CL1 in HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and HCASMCs (human coronary artery smooth muscle cells) upon stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β whereas QPCTL expression is not affected. By contrast, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway using an IKK2 inhibitor decreased the expression of the co-regulated targets QPCT, CCL2, and CX3CL1. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated inhibition of QPCT expression resulted in a reduction in CCL2 and CX3CL1 mRNA. In HCASMCs, N-terminal-modified pGlu1-CX3CL1 induced a significant stronger effect on phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) 1/2, Akt (protein kinase B), and p38 (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases than the immature Gln1-CX3CL1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, pGlu1-CX3CL1 affected the expression of CCL2, CX3CL1, and the adhesion molecule ICAM1/CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) inducing in higher expression level compared with its Gln1-variant in both HCASMCs and HUVECs. These results strongly suggest that QC-catalysed N-terminal pGlu formation of CX3CL1 is important for the stability or the interaction with its receptor and opens new insights into the function of QC in inflammation.
Multiband nonthermal radiative properties of pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Zhu Bo-Tao , Zhang Li , Fang Jun
Published: July 2017

Aims.The nonthermal radiative properties of 18 pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are studied in the 1D leptonic model.

Methods.The dynamical and radiative evolution of a PWN in a nonradiative supernova remnant are self-consistently investigated in this model. The leptons (electrons/positrons) are injected with a broken power-law form, and nonthermal emission from a PWN is mainly produced by time-dependent relativistic leptons through synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton process.

Results.Observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all 18 PWNe are reproduced well, where the indexes of low-energy electron components lie in the range of 1.0–1.8 and those of high-energy electron components in the range of 2.1–3.1. Our results show thatFX/Fγ> 10 for young PWNe; 1 <FX/Fγ≤ 10 for evolved PWNe, except for G292.0+1.8; andFX/Fγ≤ 1 for mature/old PWNe, except for CTA 1. Moreover, most PWNe are particle-dominated. Statistical analysis for the sample of 14 PWNe further indicate that (1) not all pulsar parameters have correlations with electron injection parameters, but electron maximum energy and PWN magnetic field correlate with the magnetic field at the light cylinder, the potential difference at the polar cap, and the spin-down power; (2) the spin-down power positively correlates with radio, X-ray, bolometric, and synchrotron luminosities, but does not correlate with gamma-ray luminosity; (3) the spin-down power positively correlates with radio, X-ray, andγ-band surface brightness; and (4) the PWN radius and the PWN age negatively correlate with X-ray luminosity, the ratio of X-ray to gamma-ray luminosities, and the synchrotron luminosity.
Aqueous-Medium Selective Modification of Cysteine and Related Thiols with Tricyclic Oxygen-Heterocycles
Authors: Miyabe Hideto , Yoshioka Eito , Goto Yuya , Minato Ikko
Published: July 2017

The utility of tricyclic oxygen-heterocycles as a reagent for the thiol-selective modification toward bioconjugation was demonstrated by the use of l-cysteine, homocysteine, captopril, and glutathione as a nucleophile having a thiol group. These trapping reactions proceeded under the mild and aqueous reaction conditions.
An Intramolecular Cycloaddition Approach to Construct Polysubstituted Pyrrolidones from Alkynyl Carboxamides and PTSA
Authors: Han Xiao-Dan , Ren Chuan-Qing , Fu Jian-Ping , Xiong Wei , Wang Hui-Bin , Dong Xiao-Na , Ji Jian-Wei , Hu Ju-Wu
Published: July 2017

An efficient synthetic route to highly substituted pyrrolidone derivatives has been developed from an easily available alkynyl carboxamide and 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (PTSA). In the reaction, PTSA is not only used as acid catalyst but also as a reactant to provide a source for OTs group. A mechanism is proposed to involve the protonation of the alcohol substrate/cyclopropylcarbinol-homoallylic rearrangement/intramolecular N-nucleophilic cyclization reactions.
A Comparative Evaluation of Closed and Open Treatment in the Management of Unilateral Displaced Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Singh Virendra , Kumar Neeraj , Bhagol Amrish , Jajodia Neha
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study is to evaluate closed and open treatment in the management of unilateral displaced mandibular subcondylar fractures. Twenty patients with unilateral subcondylar fractures of the mandible were evaluated with degree of displacement of more than 20 degrees and ramal height shortening of more than 10 mm. They were informed of the need for 6-month follow-up. Patients were thoroughly informed, explaining the possible advantages and disadvantages of the open and closed treatment options. Radiographic parameters included the level of fracture, deviation of fragment, and ramal height shortening. Correct anatomical reduction is achieved by open treatment as compared with closed treatment. Regarding pain, mouth opening, and lateral excursion movement, statistically significant difference was found in both groups ( p < 0.01). In radiographic assessment of ramal height shortening and fracture displacement, statistically significant difference was found ( p < 0.01). And no significant complication is found in both treatment groups. The results of this study favor the open treatment for the management of displaced subcondylar fractures. However, the treatment results are also acceptable for closed group.
Lymphocytic Hypophysitis Successfully Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bogosavljevic Vojislav , Peker Selcuk , Doknic Mirjana , Miljic Dragana , Stojanovic Marko , Skender-Gazibara Milica , Gacic Emilija , Popovic Vera , Petakov Milan , Pekic Sandra
Published: July 2017

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is an autoimmune inflammatory infiltration of the pituitary gland, usually with a benign evolution. In rare circumstances the inflammatory process may extend beyond the pituitary and infiltrate the surrounding structures. We present a 42-year-old woman affected by an aggressive form of LH with extension to the cavernous sinus causing internal carotid artery occlusion and right sixth cranial nerve palsy. Prednisone therapy caused severe iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, and the patient underwent transsphenoidal decompression. The histopathology report was consistent with LH. The patient was symptom free for a short period with reappearance of severe headache, diplopia, and hearing loss (middle ear inflammation) 3 months after surgery. Corticosteroids were reintroduced with the addition of azathioprine, but there was no regression of the pituitary mass. The patient was referred for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using Gamma Knife (15 Gy to the margin). After 26 months, azathioprine was stopped, and the dose of prednisone was gradually tapered to 7.5 mg/day. Sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed regression of the pituitary mass. After follow-up for > 3 years after SRS, there was no clinical or radiologic evidence of the disease, but carotid arteries remained occluded. The patient developed secondary hypothyroidism and hypogonadism as consequences of SRS. An aggressive form of LH extending beyond the pituitary gland infiltrating surrounding structures is described. It was successfully treated with SRS after failure of transsphenoidal surgery and combined immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone, azathioprine). The review of the literature presents timely information concerning treatment with azathioprine and SRS of patients with an aggressive form of LH.
Variations in Tibial Tuberosity to Trochlear Groove and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Distances due to Tibial External and Valgus Rotations
Authors: Smith Bradley , Millar Emily , Jones Kerwyn , Elias John
Published: July 2017

Tibial rotations with respect to the femur influence measurements used to assess the lateral position of the tibial tuberosity. This study utilized computational modeling to quantify how the tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) and tibial tuberosity to posterior cruciate ligament attachment (TT-PCL) distances vary with tibial internal/external and varus/valgus rotations. Computational models were developed from magnetic resonance imaging data to represent eight knees with patellar instability. TT-TG and TT-PCL distances were quantified from the computational models for a neutral orientation and with the tibia rotated internally and externally and into varus and valgus in 1-degree increments to 5 degrees. Regression analyses related tibial rotations to TT-TG and TT-PCL distances. TT-TG distance increased with tibial external rotation, and both TT-TG and TT-PCL distances increased with valgus orientation (r
2 > 0.94 for all regressions). The average increase in TT-TG distance for each 1 degree of tibial external rotation was 0.55 mm (range: 0.50–0.62 mm), compared with 0.00 mm (range: −0.05 to 0.04 mm) for TT-PCL distance. The average increase in TT-TG distance for each 1 degree of valgus was 1.01 mm (range: 0.91–1.14 mm), compared with 0.46 mm (range: 0.32–0.60 mm) for TT-PCL distance. TT-TG distance varies more with tibial rotations than TT-PCL distance due to both points being on the tibia and a smaller proximal–distal distance between the points for TT-PCL distance.
Einfluss der Kardioanästhesie auf das Patientenoutcome
Authors: Nowak-Machen Martina
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfasssung

Die Kardioanästhesie ist ein hoch technisierter, subspezialisierter Bereich der Anästhesiologie. Die Verbesserung des Patientenoutcomes wurde untersucht für hämodynamisches Management durch zielgerichtete Therapie, Nierenprotektion durch ischämische Fernpräkonditionierung, Myokardprotektion durch pharmakologische Präkonditionierung mittels volatiler Anästhetika, Neuroprotektion durch Nahinfrarotspektrometrie und perioperative Echokardiografie.
Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst
Authors: Layfield Larry
Published: July 2017

Konstruktivismus in der Beziehungsgestaltung Durch die kongruente
Beziehungspflege können Pflegende ihre Patienten zur Selbstreflexion ermuntern.
Dadurch lernen sie alternative Verhaltensformen kennen und können persönlich
wachsen. Aber auch für die Pflegenden selbst ist es wichtig, ihre Auffassungen
und Meinungen zu reflektieren, um für den Beziehungsprozess frei zu sein. Wie
das gelingt und welche Rolle der „blinde Fleck“ dabei spielt, erklärt unser
Autor.
Verständnis für Verborgenes
Authors: Traxel Ingrid
Published: July 2017

Kohärenzerleben bei Trauma-Erfahrungen durch Kriegserlebnisse Haben Sie
sich schon einmal bewusst gemacht, welche vielfältigen Einflüsse auf die
Patienten in der Gerontopsychiatrie einwirken beziehungsweise auf deren Leben
bereits eingewirkt haben? Dabei spielen unbearbeitete Traumata sicherlich eine
ebenso große Rolle wie das Kohärenzgefühl der betreffenden Person. Welche
Verantwortung und welche Aufgaben Pflegende haben, um das Kohärenzgefühl bei
Menschen mit traumatischen Kriegserlebnissen zu stärken, beschreibt unsere
Autorin.
Fractal stock markets: International evidence of dynamical (in)efficiency
Authors: Bianchi Sergio , Frezza Massimiliano
Published: July 2017

The last systemic financial crisis has reawakened the debate on the efficient nature of financial markets, traditionally described as semimartingales. The standard approaches to endow the general notion of efficiency of an empirical content turned out to be somewhat inconclusive and misleading. We propose a topological-based approach to quantify the informational efficiency of a financial time series. The idea is to measure the efficiency by means of the pointwise regularity of a (stochastic) function, given that the signature of a martingale is that its pointwise regularity equals 12. We provide estimates for real financial time series and investigate their (in)efficient behavior by comparing three main stock indexes.
Measurement of contact resistivity at metal-tin sulfide (SnS) interfaces
Authors: Yang Chuanxi , Sun Leizhi , Brandt Riley E. , Kim Sang Bok , Zhao Xizhu , Feng Jun , Buonassisi Tonio , Gordon Roy G.
Published: July 2017

We measured the contact resistivity between tin(II) sulfide (SnS) thin films and three different metals (Au, Mo, and Ti) using a transmission line method (TLM). The contact resistance increases in the order Au < Mo < Ti. The contact resistances for Au and Mo are low enough so that they do not significantly decrease the efficiency of solar cells based on SnS as an absorber. On the other hand, the contact resistance of Ti to SnS is sufficiently high that it would decrease the efficiency of a SnS solar cell using Ti as a back contact metal. We further estimate the barrier heights of the junctions between these metals and tin sulfide using temperature-dependent TLM measurements. The barrier heights of these three metals lie in a narrow range of 0.23–0.26 eV, despite their large differences in work function. This Fermi level pinning effect is consistent with the large dielectric constant of SnS, and comparable to Fermi-level pinning on Si. The contact resistivity between annealed SnS films and Mo substrates under light illumination is as low as 0.1 Ω cm2.
A compact Class D RF power amplifier for mobile nuclear magnetic resonance systems
Authors: Zhen J. , Dykstra R. , Eccles C. , Gouws G. , Obruchkov S.
Published: July 2017

A 20 MHz Class D amplifier with an output of 100 W of RF power has been developed. The compact size printed circuit board area of 50 cm2 and efficiency of 73% make it suitable for mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. Test results show that the rise and ring down times of the amplifier are less than 0.2 μs, and it is capable of producing constant amplitude pulses as short as 2 μs. Experiments using a Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill pulse sequence with a NMR MOUSE sensor confirm that the Class D amplifier is suitable for mobile NMR applications.
Fabrication of large area flexible nanoplasmonic templates with flow coating
Authors: Huang Qian , Devetter Brent M. , Roosendaal Timothy , LaBerge Max , Bernacki Bruce E. , Alvine Kyle J.
Published: July 2017

We describe the development of a custom-built two-axis flow coater for the deposition of polymeric nanosphere monolayers that could be used in the fabrication of large area nanoplasmonic films. The technique described here has the capability of depositing large areas (up to 7 in. × 10 in.) of self-assembled monolayers of polymeric nanospheres onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. Here, three sets of films consisting of different diameters (ranging from 100 to 300 nm) of polymeric nanospheres were used to demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument. To improve the surface wettability of the PET substrates during wet-deposition, we enhanced the wettability by using a forced air blown-arc plasma treatment system. Both the local microstructure, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, describing monolayer and multilayer coverage, and the overall macroscopic uniformity of the resultant nanostructured film were optimized by controlling the relative stage to blade speed and nanosphere concentration. We also show using a smaller nanoparticle template that such monolayers can be used to form nanoplasmonic films. As this flow-coating approach is a scalable technique, large area films such as the ones described here have a variety of crucial emerging applications in areas such as energy, catalysis, and chemical sensing.
Efficient procedure for the measurement of preresonant excitation profiles in UV Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Höhl Martin , Roth Bernhard , Morgner Uwe , Meinhardt-Wollweber Merve
Published: July 2017

Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a promising technique for investigating samples with low concentrations of single constituents or many different constituents. The wavelength dependent resonance enhancement (resonance profile) of the respective molecule yields information about the targeted species and reveals the optimal wavelength for high resolution RRS. A significant increase of the Raman scattered intensity can already be achieved in the vicinity of the molecules’ absorption band (preresonance). Measuring such preresonance and resonance profiles requires precise control of excitation conditions and careful assessment of the spectral accuracy of the setup. We present a comprehensive procedure for the acquisition of preresonance profiles in Raman spectroscopy. An experimental setup for recording the single spectra is combined with an efficient algorithm for data postprocessing. The procedure is demonstrated on amino acids measured in the UV and can be applied to any molecule and wavelength range.
Mapping of two-dimensional Schrödinger equation under the point transformation
Authors: Ioffe M. V. , Nishnianidze D. N. , Vereshagin V. V.
Published: July 2017

For the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation, the general form of the point transformations such that the result can be interpreted as a Schrödinger equation with effective (i.e., position dependent) mass is studied. A wide class of such models with different forms of mass function is obtained in this way. Starting from the solvable two-dimensional model, the variety of solvable partner models with effective mass can be built. Several illustrating examples not amenable to conventional separation of variables are given.
Spatial filtering of audible sound with acoustic landscapes
Authors: Wang Shuping , Tao Jiancheng , Qiu Xiaojun , Cheng Jianchun
Published: July 2017

Acoustic metasurfaces manipulate waves with specially designed structures and achieve properties that natural materials cannot offer. Similar surfaces work in audio frequency range as well and lead to marvelous acoustic phenomena that can be perceived by human ears. Being intrigued by the famous Maoshan Bugle phenomenon, we investigate large scale metasurfaces consisting of periodic steps of sizes comparable to the wavelength of audio frequency in both time and space domains. We propose a theoretical method to calculate the scattered sound field and find that periodic corrugated surfaces work as spatial filters and the frequency selective character can only be observed at the same side as the incident wave. The Maoshan Bugle phenomenon can be well explained with the method. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to design acoustical landscapes, which transform impulsive sound into famous trumpet solos or other melodious sound.
Energy harvesting via thermo-piezoelectric transduction within a heated capillary
Authors: Monroe J. G. , Bhandari M. , Fairley J. , Myers O. J. , Shamsaei N. , Thompson S. M.
Published: July 2017

Thermal-to-kinetic-to-electrical energy conversion is demonstrated through the use of a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) integrated within a section of an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) partially filled with water. The sealed PZT transducer was configured as a bow spring parallel to the dominant flow direction within the OHP. The bottom portion of the OHP was heated in increments of 50 W, while its top portion was actively cooled via water blocks. At ∼50 W, the internal fluid started to oscillate at ∼2–4 Hz due to the non-uniform vapor pressure generated in the OHP evaporator. Low-frequency fluid “pulses” were observed to occur across the flexed, in-line piezoelectric transducer, resulting in its deflection and measureable voltage spikes ranging between 24 and 63 mV. The OHP, while having its internal fluid enthalpy harvested, was found to still have an ultra-high thermal conductivity on-the-order of 10 kW/m K; however, its maximum operating heat load decreased due to the pressure drop introduced by the PZT material. The thermo-piezoelectric harvesting concept made possible via the thermally driven fluid oscillations within an OHP provides a passive method for combined energy harvesting and thermal management that is both scalable and portable.
Nanostructured diode for infrared photodetection through nondegenerate two-photon absorption
Authors: Fix Baptiste , Jaeck Julien , Vest Benjamin , Verdun Michaël , Beaudoin Grégoire , Sagnes Isabelle , Pelouard Jean-Luc , Haïdar Riad
Published: July 2017

We investigate infrared detection at room temperature using non-degenerate two-photon absorption in a nanostructured indium phosphide photodiode. We designed the detector structure to achieve a good nonlinear absorption by combining three major ideas: first, we use the non-degenerate two-photon absorption process, which is known to be more efficient than the previously used degenerate two-photon absorption. Second, we ensured a correct spatial overlap of our pump field with our signal field. Third, we optimized the nanostructuration to increase the signal field amplitude locally within the active medium of the device. The resulting device consists of a PIN junction embedded between a back-reflecting gold mirror and a top grating. We experimentally characterized our diode with regard to reflectivity and two-photon absorption generated photocurrent for a continuous-wave pump and a nanosecond pulsed signal of around 3.39 μm. Owing to the nanostructuration, the generated photocurrent shows a gain of 24 with respect to the bulk response of InP.
A Victorian emigrant: first observation and range extension of the nudibranch Tenellia catachroma (Burn, 1963) in Western Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: Nimbs Matt J.
Published: July 2017

The southwest coast of Western Australia is heavily influenced by the south-flowing Leeuwin Current. In summer, the current shifts and the north-flowing Capes Current delivers water from the south to nearshore environments and with it a supply of larvae from cooler waters. The nudibranch Tenellia catachroma (Burn, 1963) was considered restricted to Victorian waters; however, its discovery in eastern South Australia in 2013 revealed its capacity to expand its range west. In March 2017 a single individual was observed in shallow subtidal waters at Cape Peron, Western Australia, some 2000 km to the west of its previous range limit. Moreover, its distribution has extended northwards, possibly aided by the Capes Current, into a location of warming. This observation significantly increases the range for this Victorian emigrant to encompass most of the southern Australian coast, and also represents an equatorward shift at a time when the reverse is expected.
Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity
Authors: Legare Cristine H.
Published: July 2017

The complexity and variability of human culture is unmatched by any other species. Humans live in culturally constructed niches filled with artifacts, skills, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited, accumulated, and modified over generations. A causal account of the complexity of human culture must explain its distinguishing characteristics: It is cumulative and highly variable within and across populations. I propose that the psychological adaptations supporting cumulative cultural transmission are universal but are sufficiently flexible to support the acquisition of highly variable behavioral repertoires. This paper describes variation in the transmission practices (teaching) and acquisition strategies (imitation) that support cumulative cultural learning in childhood. Examining flexibility and variation in caregiver socialization and children’s learning extends our understanding of evolution in living systems by providing insight into the psychological foundations of cumulative cultural transmission—the cornerstone of human cultural diversity.
Cité Duits
Authors: Auer Peter , Cornips Leonie
Published: July 2017

In the late 1930s and 1940s, locally born children of immigrant coal miners in Tuinwijk, a neighborhood in the village of Eisden in Belgian Limburg, developed a way of speaking among themselves which they later labelled Cité Duits. Having become coal miners themselves, they continued to use Cité Duits as an in-group language throughout their lives when working underground as well as in their private lives. We will show that Cité Duits is a hybrid variety resulting from combining elements of German, Belgian Dutch and the Maasland dialect spoken in Belgian Limburg through focusing and sedimentation. We argue that Cité Duits developed and continues to be employed as a symbolic language for expressing group identity
Us, them and all the others
Authors: Banaś Anna
Published: July 2017

This study examines the linguistic practices of a group of Japanese immigrant women temporarily living in Amstelveen, and their ways of constructing belonging. Taking as an example three linguistic variables: (i) personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’; (ii) specific ethnic labels (single self-referring label Nihonjin ‘The Japanese’ versus multiple labels Orandajin, Oranda no hito/hitotachi, Orandajin no hito/hitotachi, Oranda ‘The Dutch’); and (iii) the use of non-standard Osaka Japanese negation I discuss how speakers in this group (re)create various boundaries, and how they draw on ‘us’ versus ‘them’ dichotomy as a way of achieving group cohesion.
What’s up in town
Authors: Petrović Tanja
Published: July 2017

This chapter discusses linguistic strategies employed by the author of the Facebook page Koe ima po grad (What’s up in the town), who in his posts discusses various events and issues from local urban life of Leskovac, a city in Southeastern Serbia. Combining dialect with recognizable genres and discourses, he makes local idiom appropriate for use in diverse realms of communication, as well as an effective medium for place-making. Leskovac depicted in the Koe ima po grad texts is the place marked by deindustrialization, impoverishment, and the dysfunctional administration. Its citizens use dialect to critically and self-ironically relate to this reality. At the same time, they love their city and the local, real, and symbolic geographies that define it, and enjoy the sociality based on the use of local dialect.
Place-making and dialect
Authors: Monka Malene
Published: July 2017

In the chapter I argue that focus on place and place-making is crucial when trying to explain differences in language change in two municipalities situated in distinct Danish dialect areas, Vinderup in Western Jutland and Tinglev in Southern Jutland. Quantitative analyses of data from a real time panel study show different patterns of language change among the informants. In the early recordings, the language use in both municipalities contained substantial amounts of dialect features. The new recordings show that there has been a decrease in the use of dialect in Vinderup, whereas there has been a minor increase in Tinglev. Qualitative analyses point to how differences related to place-making processes affect the informants’ conceptualization of the perceived relations between language and place in the two municipalities. This affects the informants’ metalinguistic awareness and attitudes towards the local dialect which again may explain the different patterns of language change and dialect leveling.
Alternative place naming in the diverse margins of an ideologically mono-lingual society
Authors: Quist Pia
Published: July 2017

This chapter presents an analysis of the sociolinguistic practice of giving places unofficial names, i.e. the practice of ‘alternative place naming’. The theoretical starting point is a discussion of ‘place’ as a topical challenge in sociolinguistics. While place as a holder of linguistic variation can be criticized and links between people, languages and places can be deconstructed as symbolic formations, strong ideologies of monolingualism and a place-people-language unity remain to dominate in society. The chapter studies this encounter between the national ideological construction of a mono-lingual society on the one hand and the practice based polylingual reality of young people on the other. Analyses of hip-hop and graffiti practices in Copenhagen, Denmark, suggest that alternative place naming may be a means of managing diversity in the context of a monolingualism ideology. Through the use of unofficial names, the young people create their own symbolic links between themselves, their places and languages.
Yooperisms in tourism
Authors: Remlinger Kathryn A.
Published: July 2017

This ethnography explores interpretive practices in the multimodal landscape of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, a remote and rural region in the United States, to examine the role of tourism in discursive representations of identity. The study is distinct from other linguistic landscape research in that it investigates the role of commodified enregistered features in redefining cultural values about identity and its relationship to place in the periphery. The indexes communicated through enregistered features in signs, souvenirs, monuments, digital media, and news accounts lead to new and limited meanings. More significantly, as commodities, these contextualized features function not only to sell souvenirs, but also to sell the idea of a dialect, a sense of place, and a regional persona, but only because their meanings are recognizable, valued, and valuable. Their value lies in regenerated ideological schemas that have emerged from sociohistorical processes and events and related discursive practices. At the center of this intersection is tourism, which affects enregisterment and commodification, and the semiotic practices that link identity, and place.
International comparison of AC-DC current transfer standards
Authors: Heine G , Garcocz M , Waldmann W
Published: July 2017

The measurements of the international comparison of ac-dc current transfer standards identified as EURAMET.EM-K12 started in June 2012 and were completed in December 2014. Twenty NMIs in the EURAMET region and one NMI in the AFRIMET region took part: BEV (Austria), CMI (Czech Republic), PTB (Germany), METAS (Switzerland), JV (Norway), UME (Turkey), GUM (Poland), IPQ (Portugal), CEM (Spain), INRIM (Italy), SP (Sweden), DANIAmet-MI-Trescal (Denmark), BIM (Bulgaria), MKEH (Hungary), SIQ (Slovenia), LNE (France), NSAI NML (Ireland), VSL (The Netherlands), NPL (United Kingdom), Metrosert (Estonia), NIS (Egypt).

The comparison was proposed to link the National Metrology Institutes organised in EURAMET to the key comparison CCEM-K12. The ac-dc current transfer difference of each travelling standard had been measured at its nominal current 10 mA and 5 A at the following frequencies: 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 50 kHz, 100 kHz. The test points were selected to link the results with the equivalent CCEM Key Comparison (CCEM-K12), through five NMIs participating in both EURAMET and CCEM key comparisons (PTB, JV, NPL, SP and BEV). The report shows the degree of equivalence in the EURAMET region and also the degree of equivalence with the corresponding CCEM reference value.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Learning Similar Actions by Reinforcement or Sensory-Prediction Errors Rely on Distinct Physiological Mechanisms
Authors: Uehara Shintaro , Mawase Firas , Celnik Pablo
Published: July 2017

Humans can acquire knowledge of new motor behavior via different forms of learning. The two forms most commonly studied have been the development of internal models based on sensory-prediction errors (error-based learning) and success-based feedback (reinforcement learning). Human behavioral studies suggest these are distinct learning processes, though the neurophysiological mechanisms that are involved have not been characterized. Here, we evaluated physiological markers from the cerebellum and the primary motor cortex (M1) using noninvasive brain stimulations while healthy participants trained finger-reaching tasks. We manipulated the extent to which subjects rely on error-based or reinforcement by providing either vector or binary feedback about task performance. Our results demonstrated a double dissociation where learning the task mainly via error-based mechanisms leads to cerebellar plasticity modifications but not long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity changes in M1; while learning a similar action via reinforcement mechanisms elicited M1 LTP-like plasticity but not cerebellar plasticity changes. Our findings indicate that learning complex motor behavior is mediated by the interplay of different forms of learning, weighing distinct neural mechanisms in M1 and the cerebellum. Our study provides insights for designing effective interventions to enhance human motor learning.
Barriers to Medical Students’ Electronic Health Record Access Can Impede Their Preparedness for Practice
Authors: Welcher Catherine M. , Hersh William , Takesue Blaine , Stagg Elliott Victoria , Hawkins Richard E.
Published: July 2017

Medical students need hands-on experience documenting clinical encounters as well as entering orders to prepare for residency and become competent physicians. In the era of paper medical records, students consistently acquired experience writing notes and entering orders as part of their clinical experience. Over the past decade, however, patient records have transitioned from paper to electronic form. This change has had the unintended consequence of limiting medical students’ access to patient records. This restriction has meant that many students leave medical school without the appropriate medical record skills for transitioning to residency.

In this article, the authors explore medical students’ current access to electronic health records (EHRs) as well as policy proposals from medical societies, innovative models implemented at some U.S. medical schools, and other possible solutions to ensure that students have sufficient experiential learning opportunities with EHRs in clinical settings. They also contend that competence in the use of EHRs is necessary for students to become physicians who can harness the full potential of these tools rather than physicians for whom EHRs hinder excellent patient care. Finally, the authors argue that meaningful experiences using EHRs should be consistently incorporated into medical school curricula and that EHR-related skills should be rigorously assessed with other clinical skills.