bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-way flow system for improvement of the acid sulfate soil reclamation process in the Belanti II tidal swamp irrigation network, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Authors: Setiawan A , Wignyosukarto B S , Rahardjo A P
Published: November 2022

Belanti II tidal irrigation network was developed in 1980 on acid sulphate soil with an area of approximately 3976 ha. Belanti II has one primary channel and several secondary channels, without any water structures that regulate the direction of flow. Two-way flow occurs in the channel, supplying fresh water from the river at high tide and flowing back into the river at low tide. This two-way flow system inhibits the leaching process of acid sulphate soil. Up to now, acid sulfate soils are still found at a depth of 50-75 cm with a pH of 2.5 ~ 3.5. A one-way flow system is expected to improve water circulation, assisted by channel rehabilitation, collector channels and water control structures. The spillway structure at the secondary channel regulates the freshwater supply at high tide and the flap gate at the end regulates the flow of water to the collector channel at low tide. Hydraulic analysis was carried out using HEC-RAS modelling. The results showed the ability of the system to supply fresh water, flushing/leaching acid sulfate water and drainage the toxic water. The effectiveness of the system is evaluated regarding the direction and the volume of freshwater flowing into the secondary channel.
Anammox bacterium ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’: a review
Authors: Arumugham Thilagavathi , Mohamad Shaza Eva
Published: November 2022

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is a type of biological nitrogen removal technology which is known to directly convert ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas. The freshwater ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’ anammox under the phylum of Planctomycetes is used to study the parameters that affect the anammox development and the metabolic pathways alongside the associated enzymes. These observations were made using state-of-the art techniques for detecting anammox bacteria based on their small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes, functional genes and unique reaction pathways. This review systematically summarizes up-to-date studies on the parameters affecting the growth of the anammox bacteria and metabolic networks driving anammox bacterial anabolism and mixotrophy beyond genome-based predictions. The K. stuttgartiensis survives in summer and winter conditions besides in the aerobic zones (dissolved oxygen >2 mg/L), which consequently contribute to better nitrogen removal in the wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the K. stuttgartiensis utilizes the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway to directly assimilate extracellular formation instead of oxidising it completely to CO2 prior reassimilation.
Preparation Method of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Its Application: An Update
Authors: Seman N , Tarmizi Z I , Ali R R , Taib S H M , Salleh M S N , Zhe J C , Sukri S N A Mohamad
Published: November 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used because of its good biocompatibility and stability. Various methods were used to prepare TiO2 by using chemical, biological, and physical methods. In this paper, the currents methods to prepare TiO2 were evaluated either with or without using plant extract. The average particle size produced for different methods of technique and its application was also analyzed. Chemical methods use toxic chemical while physical methods such as gamma produce high energy and using biological method with plant extract is more environmentally friendly. This review gives an up-to-date summary of TiO2 produced using various synthesis methods with the focus on their particle sizes properties. Recent publications on this topic were extracted from related journals obtained from Science Direct online database from the year 2010 to 2021. Preparation methods, average particles sizes, and the applications of the synthesized TiO2 were evaluated and further discussed in this review. It was found that TiO2 of smaller particle sizes were obtained when synthesized without using plant extract. Furthermore, many researchers tend to combine TiO2 with other materials or composites to be mixed with polymers for various purposes of application especially wastewater treatment application.
Effect of goat manure and NPK fertilizer against the growth and production of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Authors: Purnomo Joko , Miftakhurrohmat A. , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eka
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum). The research was conducted in the village of Jiken, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, from June to August 2020. The experiment was arranged in a factorial using a randomized block design. The first factor is the manure dosage consisting of 0 and 10 tons / ha, while the second factor is the NPK fertilizer dosage consisting of 0, 50, 150, 250, and 350 kg / ha. The experiment was repeated 3 times in order to obtain 30 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), leaf area (cm2), stem diameter (mm) and vitamin C content (%). Observation data will be analyzed with ANOVA 5% followed by the BNJ 5% test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the dosage treatment of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on all observation variables. Meanwhile, the manure dose treatment showed a significant effect on the variable weight of tomato fruit.
Oleoresin Production and Turpentine Component of Pinus oocarpa and Pinus merkusii
Authors: Sukarno Agus , Sutarman  , Mondiana Yani Quarta , Irawan Dedy Wahyu , Wiranegara Yudo Aria , Abror Muhammad
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine differences in oleoresin production and the type and content of turpentine P. oocarpa and P. merkusii. The first stage of the research activity was to collect oleoresin obtained from 15 plants of each type of pine aged 14 years which were determined randomly. Determination of the type and content of phytochemicals, especially turpentine using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry by injecting gas-phase chemical isolates. The oleoresin tapping data were analyzed by paired t-test with a test level of 5% to determine the difference in the amount of oleoresin. The results showed that there was no difference in production capacity (p<0.05) between the two stands with an average oleoresin production per tree of 0.0127±0.002 g.d-1 (P. oocarpa) and 0.0183±0.003 g.d-1 (P. merkusii). The most important species in P. oocarpa consisted of: α-pinene (5.2%), ß-pinene (5.8%), and delta 3 carena (13.8%); while in P. merkusii are α-pinene (8.2%), ß-pinene (11.5%), limonene (5.2%), α-terpinolene (32.7%), benzenemethanol (4.3%), and trans-pinocarveol (3.5%). All turpentine compounds produced by the two types of pine can be used for various pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and pesticide industries.
Effect of Boron Fertilizer and of Potassium Fertilizer on Growth and Production of Purple Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)
Authors: Sari Fanny Martha , Abror M. , Arifin Saiful
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the response of boron and potassium fertilizers on the growth and production of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). The research was conducted in the village of Jiken, Kec. Tulang, Sidoarjo Regency and continued in the microbiology and biotechnology laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Starting from February to May 2020. The experiment was arranged factorially using a randomized block design followed by the 5% BNJ test consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is boron fertilizer with levels of 0 kg/ha, 6 kg/ha and 12 kg/ha. The second factor was potassium fertilizer which consisted of 3 treatment doses, namely 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha. The variables observed were plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit sweetness,antioxidant levels. The results showed that there was no significant interaction in each treatment, this is because boron fertilizer decreased at the last observation in the study. While the antioxidan test in this study used free radical damping method with DPPH with wavelength of 517 nm using spectrophotometer.
The Effect of Animal Manure and the N Element Usage on the Growth and Productivity of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Naditania Shasha , Prihatingrum Andriani Eko , Miftakhurrohmat A. , Nurmalasari Intan Rohma
Published: November 2022

Lettuce has a lot of vitamin such as vitamin A, C, D, and B12 that is good for health. Also it needs an extra care to the plant, temperature, watering, and the needs of sunlight. The usage of fertilizers can help the plant to get the maximum productivity especially in flatland. This research aims to find out the efficiency of which fertilizer work the best for lettuce. This research was conducted in May-July 2020 and taken place at Kraton Village, Krian, Sidoarjo with the altitude ±10 masl and continued in agriculture laboratory of Faculty of Science and Technology, Muhammadiyah University. This research aims to find out which one is the best fertilizer for lettuce. The study design used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Based on this research, chemical fertilizer and animal's manure used for the growth of lettuce has significant effect on all variables observed, treatment using animal's manure is significally different from using chemical fertilizer except the cow's manure but the optimal productivity is using NPK that is included as chemical fertilizer with the dose of 1.2 grams/polybag is a treatment that gives plant a wet weight of 181.67 grams/plant.
Effect of Corona Incandescent Plasma Shooting on Polyester Fibers for Geotextile Manufacturing
Authors: Maulani Mustamina , Rosyidan Cahaya , Samura Lisa , Satiyawira Bayu , Putra Valentinus Galih Vidya
Published: November 2022

The development of the textile industry in Indonesia continues to show improvement and is even able to compete in the international market, including polyester fiber. Polyester fiber will be more economical if given an additional treatment to increase the added value of polyester fiber. One of the uses of polyester in the earth sector is Non-Woven Geotextile. This non-woven geotextile has relatively small pores but has high permeability. This serves as a good retainer of soil grains. Methods: Plasma technology is one way to increase the added value of polyester fiber. Jute cloth was placed on a copper plate electrode and the cloth surface was modified using incandescent plasma treatment for some time, which are 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes apart moreover with variations in distance of 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm with a voltage of 3 kV. The surface modified Jute cloth using plasma was tested for absorption using a drip test, which is measuring the absorption time of the cloth before and after plasma treatment. Results: From this experiment it was found that sample D had good adsorption and adhesive properties, which was due to the plasma effect found in the O-H at 3700, which was steep and the effect of the fabric rough surface. Conclusion: It can be proven that the contact angle of sample D has a magnitude of 63.4o, the effect of fabric roughness and grafting greatly changes the wettability and adhesive properties of the fabric.
Performance of SLS Surfactant with Imbibition Methode: Literature Review
Authors: Amri Ulil , Fathaddin M Taufiq , Insani Andon , Akbar Fachrurrozi
Published: November 2022

Surfactant is one of the injection fluids in the EOR process to increase the remaining oil production in the reservoir. One type of surfactant used is a lignosulfonate surfactant based on lignin. This lignin is found in bagasse, which is obtained by hydrolysis and sulfonation processes so that it becomes a lignosulfonate surfactant product, and is known as Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS). The injection of surfactant solutions into reservoirs has developed in recent years. Although field data is still lacking, most of the laboratory research has given birth to new theories. The performance of a surfactant can be influenced by the IFT value. The IFT value depends on the size and wettability characteristics of the reservoir matrix, gravity can play a role and the rock matrix. To determine the recovery factor of an oil, an imbibition test can be carried out using a particular reservoir of crude oil samples. Based on the literature review, surfactant injection in the reservoir can produce different recovery factor values. Based on the imbibition test, the qualitative wettability test (two-phase separation test and flotation test) showed that the injection of surfactin and STEOL CS-330 could produce different RF. Based on the results of the imbibition test with several rock samples that have fairly good porosity and permeability, it produces varying RF values, the highest value is 1 ml and the lowest is 0.05 ml. Good results as in samples number 23D, number 29D, and 32B, were obtained at different concentrations, possibly due to the swelling clay which resulted in the closure of the porosity and permeability of the rock, it could also be due to a less homogeneous solution.
Sequence Stratigraphy of Miocene Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic in Fold and Thrust Belt System, Banggai Basin
Authors: Herdiansyah Firman , Burhannudinnur M , Prakoso Suryo , Hp Isranto , Kurnianto Dwi , Irano Teddy , Harnest Billy
Published: November 2022

This study was specifically analyzed in the southern part of the Banggai Basin, precisely in the TKA Field. In the Tertiary, regional stratigraphy reveals, the Banggai Sula microplate comprises carbonate shelf and siliciclastic sequence. Several previous studies had been concluding, the tertiary limestone was deposited during the Early Eocene to Middle Miocene. Carbonate formations which has been known by Tomori and Minahaki Formation. Meanwhile, their siliciclastic dominated is Matindok Formation and Celebes Mollase. These sequences formed a distinct stratigraphic style in the geophysical well log and seismic data. Four cycles are distinguished, the lower part of Tomori Formation at the outer shelf and directly overlying by the upper part of inner shelf Tomori Formation. it was superimposed by siliciclastic sediments that have been deposited in the outer litoral during regressive phase. Whereas during rising sea level or highstand, the litoral system migrated to basinward wherein Minahaki Formation was deposited. Sequence stratigraphy provides a reliable methodology for correlate both carbonate and siliciclastic successions. It was analyzed based on 4 wells, 2D, and 3D seismic data which has been available. Sequence stratigraphy analysis using T-R sequence concept by Embry and Johanessen. Trasngressive and regressive phases were obviously determined by lithofacies, coral colony and foram that were recorded on biostratigraphic analyses. In this study, cyclic sea-level change will be recognized as system tract record of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence.
Species composition and vegetation structure of mangrove forest in Baskara Bakti Village, Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung
Authors: Henri  , Syafa’ati R , Randiansyah
Published: November 2022

Mangrove ecosystem has a strategic function as a buffer for coastal areas, marine conservation, mitigates climate change and global warming. Bangka Belitung is an archipelagic province with many coastal areas, including mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to determine the quality of the mangrove ecosystem by analyzing the structure, composition, and health index of mangroves in the mangrove forest ecosystem in Baskara Bakti Village, Central Bangka Regency. Data were collected through observations at several sampling points used to analyze species composition, vegetation community structure, and environmental physicochemical conditions using stratified random sampling with an observation plot size of 10 m x 10 m and canopy cover determination using the hemispherical photography method. The study results show that the composition of mangrove vegetation in the study area consisted of 5 true mangrove species and 6 associated mangrove species.Rhizophora apiculatais the species with the highest Important Value Index of 91.87%. The mangrove community showed a good health condition with an average value of 50.41%. Environmental parameters that directly influence the mangrove forest ecosystem include temperature, water pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity. Planting and enrichment of mangrove species need to conserve sustainable mangrove ecosystems.
Effect of micronutrient addition and development on microbial fuel cells (MFC) from food waste with the help of hydrolytic fungi
Authors: Laily F N , Juliastuti S R
Published: November 2022

Based on data from the Indonesia State Electricity Company (PLN) in 2021, the electricity capacity distributed throughout Indonesia is still not fulfilled and going to be overcome with renewable energy This research aimed to know the effect of micronutrient addition on the management of a food waste on microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production. Positive effects of addition of micronutrients on various substrates have been reported, such as addition of Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Zn2+. First, food waste will be hydrolysed by hydrolityc fungi, then mixed with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 bacteria, Sidoarjo mud, and 1 µg/L micronutrient. After micronutrient added, observations were made on the power density in 20 days. The best power density production was 6,175,438.596 mW/m2 which achieved by Cobalt addition. The total power density generated with the addition of Cobalt metal ions as a micronutrient was able to reach 29,099,689 mW/m2 or 29,099.69 kW/m2, which could achieve the target electricity power 2,949.58 MW by using a substrate of about 51 tons of food waste with the addition of micronutrient cobalt of about 0.05 gram/L. Thus, MFC can solve electricity problems in Indonesia.
Floating power plant applications for electric battery using thermoelectric generators (TEG) on solar panels
Authors: Zein E , Safril M , Sutanto E , Hamid M I , Aziz M , Fahmi F
Published: November 2022

The use of solar energy as a source of electrical power is done by utilizing solar panels. Even though the sun has two sources of energy: light energy and heat energy, however, up to now, the heat energy generated by the sun is not yet fully utilized. This study was aimed to develop floating -on water- power plant where the temperature difference that occurs in thermoelectric generator can increase the optimal output voltage on solar panels. The thermoelectric hot side is patched under the solar panel, and the cold side is patched on the surface of the water level. This study showed that the highest voltage results on the connected series are 3±1 volts with thermoelectric generator connected 60 series. The power generated by the thermoelectric generator is 3-7mW with a temperature difference of 14.5°C. Thermoelectric efficiency of the floating generators was 84.4%. The electrical power generated by the thermoelectric generator was stored in a 3V 2000 mAh electric battery. This energy is sufficient to light up the lamps and to charge the mobile phone for daily use.
The effect of adding photocatalyst ceramics on reducing particulate matter in indoor air purification systems
Authors: Kristyawan I P A , Indra A , Suradharmika I G A , Setiaji G , Putri N C , Oka I W
Published: November 2022

Indoor air quality can be maintained by using an air purifier. Increasing the absorption of particulates (PM) in the air purifier can be done by adding photocatalyst ceramics. This study aims to determine the impact of adding photocatalyst ceramics to an air purifier. A simple reactor resembling an air purifier was made, to which a photocatalyst ceramic was added. The PM remaining in the output air is then analyzed based on the rate of photocatalytic degradation. The results showed that the use of photocatalyst ceramics can accelerate the absorption of PM compared to without using it.
Prospects and challenges of ripple spreading algorithm for waste collection path optimization problem in Indonesia
Authors: Miftahadi M F , Ramadan B S , Rachman I , Matsumoto T , Ma Y , Utomo T H A
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, countering the complexity of waste collection path optimization problems (POP) are reliably solved through evolutionary computation (EC). However, a sustainable collection strategy requires a specific rule and outcome for a given route network. Most waste managers are concerned with expenditure, work hours, and ecological footprints, combined with model flexibility to mimic real-life execution for the specific study case. Contemporary stochastic and deterministic POP methods are every so often confronted with optimality and scalability. Beyond its predecessor, namely the A* and the Dijkstra algorithm, a fundamental nature-based deterministic algorithm called a Ripple-Spreading Algorithm (RSA) had performed a straightforward heuristic evaluation. This study investigates prospects and future challenges in developing the RSA simulation based on Indonesia’s waste management scope. Specific overseas theme literature was employed to explore the possible research setting.
Delignification of empty fruit bunch using deep eutectic solvent for biobased-chemical production
Authors: Muryanto M , Amelia F , Izzah M N , Maryana R , Triwahyuni E , Bardant T B , Filailla E. , Sudiyani Y , Gozan M
Published: November 2022

Lignocellulose biomass was a potential feedstock for biobased chemicals substituting
fossil-based chemicals. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is the largest lignocellulose biomass from oil palm waste. Lignocellulose contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Pretreatment is one of the steps in the bioconversion of lignocellulose material. Pretreatment aims to reduce lignin in lignocellulose because lignin can inhibit biomass conversion. The objection of this research is to conduct pretreatment by deep eutectic solvent (DES). DES is the green solvent widely used for biomass conversion. The pretreatment process was conducted at various temperatures and processing times. The delignification of EFB by using DES in 100°C, 120°C, and 150°C pretreatment temperature was 30.67%, 40.60%, and 44.05% respectively. This pretreated-EFB can be used further for biobased chemicals such as glucose, ethanol, or furfural.
Synthesis of nanosilver with simpur leaf (Dillenia indica) modified PVA as antibacterial
Authors: Rado  , Fabiani V A , Mahardika R G
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a bioreductant of simpur leaf extract to minimize the use of inorganic materials that are harmful and not environmentally friendly. Silver nanoparticles with the bioreduction method, the bioreductant solution was mixed with AgNO3 precursor and the addition of PVA concentrations was 0%, 0.75%, 1.5% and 3%. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PVA on the characteristics of silver nanoparticles on antibacterial activity. Analysis of functional groups in simpur leaf extract and Ag/PVA 0.75% using FTIR Spectrophotometer showed wave numbers 3443 cm-1 and 3441 cm-1 the presence of -OH groups and at wave numbers 1640 cm-1 and 1638 cm-1 the presence of C=O groups. UV-Vis analysis showed the optimum wavelength in the 3% PVA variation absorption region showed an absorbance value of 429 nm with an average size of 8.19 nm silver nanoparticles. Inhibition of silver nanoparticles against bacterial growth Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus the highest concentration was at 100% with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.33 mm and 11.58 mm in the strong category.
Readiness study of environmentally friendly motor vehicle tire industry and its supporting infrastructure in implementing tire labeling regulation
Authors: Rustianto B , Yanuar A I , Herdioso R , Rochmadi T , Siswanto
Published: November 2022

Tire labeling is a label on tire products that have met specific rolling resistance, wet grip, and noise emission requirements. It aims to increase road transport’s safety and economic and environmental efficiency by promoting fuel-efficient and safe tires with low external rolling noise. Indonesia has many tire industries and is a significant global market for motor vehicles; they may consider applying tire labeling. The implementation of tire labeling in Indonesia requires a study of the readiness of the tire industry and its supporting infrastructure, including the necessary testing facilities and end-user awareness. The study was carried out by conducting literature studies and distributing questionnaires. The study results showed that the tire industry has sound capabilities, but it is necessary to increase the readiness of an independent testing laboratory. End-user acceptance of tire label products is good, but awareness of tire labels needs to be improved. The application of tire labels in Indonesia is projected to reduce CO2 emissions significantly.
Bioethanol production process with SHF method from EFBs pulp and its microcrystalline
Authors: Maryana R , Bardant T B , Santi E L , Triwahyuni E , Muryanto  , Oktaviani  , Dahnum D
Published: November 2022

Bioethanol is an alternative energy to reduce fossil fuels dependency as well as for industrial utilization. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the pulp compare to its microcrystalline OPEFB by applying Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) method. The process was carried out by pretreatment using alkaline for both materials and then subjective to the bleaching process by applying H2O2 10% for microcrystalline OPEFB. Subsequently both pulp and its microcrystalline were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase 30 FPU/g to break lignocellulose chains into simple sugars. The final stage was fermentation process to convert glucose into ethanol by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of sugar, cellulose, and lignin content was performed by using the NREL method, and for ethanol content using a densitometer. This study revealed that the sugar conversion after hydrolysis by enzymes was 79.77% for microcrystalline and 66.76% for pulp. Meanwhile, the ethanol content in the microcrystalline was higher than the ethanol in the pulp that was 4.87% in the medium of 0.1% NPK and 0.3% urea.
Study of washing method of oil palm empty fruit bunch-treated with alkali explosion in lignocellulosic bioethanol production
Authors: Triwahyuni E , Alfianti A R , Bardant T B , Irawan Y , Muryanto  , Maryana R
Published: November 2022

The conventional process of lignocellulosic bioethanol production includes four steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification. Pretreatment is the crucial way to enhance cellulose purity and remove lignin as well as other impurities compounds in biomass. Alkaline explosion is one of the most used pretreatment methods but pulp-produced is still in base condition. This pulp is not suitable as a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis that needed a pH of 4.5-5.5. Therefore, pulp washing is required for separating pulp with black liquor and obtaining neutral pH pulp before going to hydrolysis. This study explored the washing method of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB)-treated with alkaline explosion in bioethanol production. The washing method using freshwater, acid solution, and a combination of freshwater and acid solution was investigated. As a result, the washing used freshwater needed the highest of water and wash cycles. The washing method using acid solution could obtain neutral pulp in two cycles wash step or more, thus, requiring higher acid consumption. The washing with combination method provided neutral pulp with fewer wash cycles, water, and acid. This method also provided the highest glucose and ethanol concentration. Therefore, the combination washing method is considered more efficient, economical, and environmentally for EFB pulp washing in bioethanol production.
Economic value of carbon sequestration in conservation forests for geothermal power plant development areas
Authors: Ladiba A F , Srikandi G P , Sihombing A L , Rasyid H A , Susila I M A D , Irsyad M I A
Published: November 2022

The government commits to reduce emissions in the energy sector by using new and renewable energy by targeting the development of geothermal power plants (GPP) of 7,241.5 MW in 2025. Approximately 58% of geothermal potential is in forest areas with a carbon absorption function. This study will calculate the potential loss of carbon stock and the economic valuation of the carbon sequestration function in forest areas. The location of study is Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP). The study was conducted on 4022.37 hectares which will be used as the location of the initial study and geothermal exploration area. The potential area of GPP location is divided into: avoid area, minimize area, restore area, and utilization area, considering the land slope level and zoning. The potential carbon stock lost due to the entry of the GPP project in MCNP is 168,311.99 tons of CO2, or 17.95% of the total potential carbon stock in the study area. The economic valuation of carbon stocks using the economic value of carbon is Rp. 5,049,359,810.00. This value is the cost of externalities as compensation for carbon loss from land conversion activity. It should include as input to the economic analysis of geothermal project development.
Defense study on Indonesian nickel processing
Authors: Yoesgiantoro D , Sasongko N A , Nurbaiti  , Arifianto B S
Published: November 2022

This paper examines nickel processing in Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi with a defense approach. This paper uses qualitative research with supported by literature review. Indonesia’s nickel processing in Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi is dominated by China and benefits China to support China’s industrialization. The processing projects include One Belt One Road by prioritizing China’s national interests over Indonesia’s national interests. This study is one of the few academic research papers on nickel processing related to defense studies.
Utilization of palm oil based biofuel to support sustainable energy transition in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawati A S , Pratiwi A I , Ariyani N R , Septiani M , Sasongko N A
Published: November 2022

Palm oil is a component that can be a mainstay to support the need for sustainable energy transition. In order to implement and achieve sustainable development, palm oil-based biofuel is being developed. In addition, the government has begun to develop a mandatory biodiesel program, so that an adequate supply of biofuel from palm oil is required. This research refers to the utilization of crude palm oil to produce biofuel supplies as a way of implementing and achieving sustainable development. This paper is based on bibliographical research and document studies. Palm oil can bring considerable opportunities for the benefit of the people and achieve government goals. However, this must be accompanied by good management, especially palm oil as a commodity that has a fairly complex upstream-downstream flow, followed by quite heavy problems and obstacles. The mandatory implementation of biodiesel is still constrained by various technical problems, namely infrastructure, quality, logistics, demand, and incentives. Implementation of biodiesel mandatory program policy also has an impact on the economic and environmental side. Biodiesel production can grow consistently with strategic policies across stakeholders.
Implementation of augmented reality to reduce paper usage in the learning process
Authors: Juniawan F P , Zaliman I
Published: November 2022

The use of paper directly proportional to the growth in the number of people. The impact is in the form of environmental problems where there is logging of forest trees, and deforestation so that it affects the ecosystem and the natural environment. Trees are cut down and made into paper for human needs, including to make books as learning media. In the current technological era, the use of books as a medium of learning has an impact on students’ declining motivation to learn. To solve the problem, we proposes the application of Augmented Reality (AR) as a learning medium. This research uses Game Engine Unity and Vuforia which can display 3-dimensional objects, and uses Android as the basis of the system. In this paper, we introduce four equipments of athletic sports. The aim of this research is to reduce the use of paper as a learning medium and increase learning motivation. The result of the research is an Augmented Reality-based athletics introduction application that has been tested for its performance using blackbox testing using various conditions of its marker.
Analysis of the population growth model to maintain environmental stability in the Province of The Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Prayanti B D A , Maxrizal
Published: November 2022

The province of the Bangka Belitung archipelago is one of the relatively young provinces in Indonesia. Based on BPS data in 2021, the population of Bangka Belitung is around 1.473.165. This population data is very useful for formal demography and will influence local government policies, economic stability and environmental balance. In this study, the population growth of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province was modeled using the Leslie model. The model show that the population of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province will decrease slowly.
Identification of mineral characterization and alteration types in primary tin deposits of oxide skarn type in Batubesi mining areas by petrographic analysis and grain counting analysis
Authors: Hendrawan M A , Pitulima J , Guskarnali
Published: November 2022

The presence of primary tin ore on Belitung Island can be found in several areas with varying amounts of presence. One area that has the potential is the Batubesi TB area, Burung Mandi Village, Damar District at East Belitung Regency. This research aims to identify mineral assemblages and alteration types in oxide skarn deposits. The methods used are outcrop observation, sampling, and mineralization-alteration identification. Testing of rock samples through petrographic analysis is to identify minerals through their polarization optical properties and GCA analysis (Grain Counting Analysis) is to determine specific types of minerals that cannot be seen through petrographic analysis. Macroscopically, oxide skarn deposits have a greenish-brick red, black appearance which is dominated by ore minerals (iron oxide, iron carbonate, and iron sulfide), and in some parts chlorite mineral dissemination. Based on the observation result of the optical properties of the rock samples, metallic minerals other than those that have been directly identified were found, such as ilmenite, siderite, cassiterite, and chlorite. The results of the GCA analysis indicate the presence of cassiterite, pyrite, quartz, siderite, hematite, and limonite minerals. Based on these minerals, it can be seen that the type of alteration in the study area is skarn alteration.
Planning of coastal protection structures in the area of Arung Dalam Beach, Central Bangka
Authors: Asiah  , Hisyam E S , Hambali R
Published: November 2022

Arung Dalam Beach underwent significant process of coastal erosion. This study aimed to determine the Hydro-Oceanographic conditions in Arung Dalam Beach using MIKE 21 FM and planning of coastal protection structures. The currents pattern during high tide was dominant from the northwest to the east with a rate of 0.042-0.09 m/second. The current pattern was dominant at low tide from the east to the northwest with a rate of 0.056-0.112 m/second. The wave pattern in the west season is prevalent from the north to the southwest with a height of 0.35-0.75 m; the wave pattern in the east season is prevalent from the northwest to the southwest with a height of 0.08-0.56 m. Sediment transport was perpendicular to the coast, which caused coastal erosion, with average coastal erosion occurring at -0.52 m/year. Coastal protection structures to overcome coastal erosion were offshore breakwater structures using crushed stone material. The length of the breakwater is 250 m; peak elevation 3.7 m; breakwater height 4.2 m; grain weight of protected layer 0.3 tons; the width of the crest of the breakwater is 2 m; 1.2 meters thick layer of protection; the number of grains per unit area of 1 m2, totalling 5 grains.
Improvement of quality environment at TPA Parit 6 Pangkalpinang using the Sanitary Landfill Method
Authors: Fahriani F , Hambali R , Yofianti D
Published: November 2022

TPA Parit 6 is the final waste processing site in Pangkalpinang. Solid waste in this site is only piled up; so that it forms an embankment of garbage that is up to 9 m high, part of the embankment has a landslide and causes a bad smell that is very disturbing to the surrounding environment, so good waste management is needed at this site.The aim of the research is how to improve the environmental quality at the TPA Parit 6. Waste management with a sanitary landfill system can be applied in this place. A sanitary landfill is a waste management system by disposes and stacks waste in a sunken location; compacts it, and then fills it with soil. The final waste processing site which is operated with a sanitary landfill system will minimize the impact of pollution on water, soil, and air, making it more environmentally friendly. This is certainly a good solution compared to an open dumping system. By implementing a sanitary landfill system in TPA Parit 6, there will be an increase in the quality of the environment around the TPA, which will have a good impact on the community around the TPA Parit 6
The green economy and blue economy: a model of sustainable development strategy in mining area of the island province
Authors: Zukhri N , Rosalina E , Christianingrum C
Published: November 2022

The decision to choose the right strategy model will determine the success of a region’s development in the long term. This study aims to plan a model of a sustainable development strategy. The strategy model is used in the Tin Producing Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The method used in this study is qualitative. So that an appropriate strategy model can be produced. The Government must prepare for the realization of sustainable development. The government must also put in place the realization of sustainable development. We found the collaboration of The Green Economy and Blue Economy. The Green Economy and Blue Economy is the right choice of model. This is a manifestation of the implementation of sustainable development. Another finding from this study is the formulation of economic sectors. The economic sector is in the Green Economy and Blue Economy. These sectors support the realization of sustainable development. This study also finds the efforts. The efforts are needed to convince institutions and people. Such as local governments, SOEs, the private sector, and the community. The Green Economy and Blue Economy are the right models for realizing sustainable development in the long term.
A comparative analysis of building energy performance assessment on campus buildings (case study: Universitas Bangka Belitung)
Authors: Rahmadyani H , Fahri M
Published: November 2022

Based on the sector, public buildings construction will become rapid development. Thus, good planning is needed to achieve a green and sustainable building. The necessity of well-planned campus buildings is required in establishing a new study program. UBB campus has a typical design and layout. It is apprehensive that the ineffective design concept in the construction will have a negative impact and waste energy. This study aims to evaluate the design of UBB campus building in terms of assessing the thermal and energy performance building on two building designs (Babel IV and Timah I). The design assessment employs the Rayman, CBE Thermal, OTTV calculation, and EDGE building. The analysis will be managed comparatively with several applications, to obtain significant factors. The results of this study shows that energy-efficient with a green concept can be applied in Bangka Belitung. However, the UBB campus building has not fulfilled the green building standards. In addition, it was found that the orientation and the WWR ratio can reduce the energy load on the building significantly.
The Effect of oil palm plantations on the reputation of white pepper as the geographical indications of environmental aspect
Authors: Darwance  , Sari R , Anwar M S , Saputra D
Published: November 2022

Besides tin mining, oil palm plantations are also being carried out. On the other hand, this region is well known as a producer of good quality white pepper which in 2010 its reputation was legally registered as a geographical indication. This protection is given due to the environmental factor in this region which cause the quality of white pepper in this region is different from pepper in other region. However, the massive opening of oil palm plantations causes Pepper plantation area in Bangka and Belitung continues to decrease. This study uses empirical juridical methods; linking the effect of tin mining and oil palm plantations with the reputation of white pepper as a geographical indication. It uses primary and secondary data in which the primary is obtained from the results of interviews while the secondary data is obtained from literature study data on a number of documents. From the results of the conducted study, it was found that the oil palm plantations which reduce the area of pepper plantations and also change the quality make impact to the reputation. The impact can eliminate the reputation of white pepper as a juridical geographical indication and at the same time automatically end the legal protection of white pepper as a geographical indication.
2-dimensional modeling of sediment transport around the Berok River Estuary
Authors: Hambali R , Asiah
Published: November 2022

Berok River is one of the small scales of fishing activities in Central Bangka Regency for mooring boats and loading-unloading activities. The flow of entry and exit for fishing boats at the mouth of the Berok River often experience problems, where the channel becomes shallow due to sedimentation. The behaviour of sediment transport in river mouths is influenced by hydro-oceanographic conditions such as river discharge, current velocity, tides, and geographical conditions. This study aims to determine the characteristics of sediment transport around the Berok River estuary through 2-dimensional numerical modeling. The modeling is conducted using MIKE21 software for the existing conditions and the condition with groynes structure. Two modules are used in MIKE21, namely the Flow Model Flexible Mesh (FM) and the Mud Transport (MT) module. The data used in the sediment transport modeling include tides, bathymetry, wind, and sediment properties. The simulation results show the average sedimentation that occurs around the Berok River estuary is about 0.6 m/year, and the average erosion is about -0.3 m/year. With the groynes structure on the left and right of the river mouth, the average sedimentation rate that occurs is reduced to 0.39 m/year and the average erosion is -0.1 m/year.
Sustainability analysis of ex-tin mining pond using multi-dimensional scaling
Authors: Dewa J J P K , Aisharya I Y , Fitriansyah H
Published: November 2022

Ex-Tin mining is nowadays utilized as leisure industry area in order to reduce externality ex-mining area that resulted a gaping hole filled with rain water that eventually becomes a pond named Kulong. This utilization has resulted economic benefits for local people, together with the degradation of environmental conditions. This study aims to measure the sustainability of Kulong as leisure industry Area by using multidimensional scaling analysis which is assessed through four dimensional approaches, such as environmental, economic, leisure industry, social and institution dimensions. The sustainability is measured by using sustainability index. The result shows that the only dimension that is scored more than 50 for sustainability index is economic dimension while environmental, leisure area, and social and institution dimensions are scored below 50 which are considered as less sustainable. Therefore, the recommendations for the improvement of kulong as leisure area are restriction and encouragement of leisure industry based on age of kulong, making layout design for leisure destination, and establishing cross-sector program for kulong.
Does carbon emissions disclosure affect Indonesian companies?
Authors: Wahyuningrum I F S , Oktavilia S , Setyadharma A , Hidayah R , Lina M
Published: November 2022

This research aims to examine the factors that influence the disclosure of carbon emissions. The factors tested are PROPER rating, company size, profitability, leverage, and audit committee. The population in this study comprises high profile companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020. Purposive sampling is used in order to obtain 18 companies with 90 units of analysis. Multiple linear analysis was used to test the effects the variables have on each other. The quantity determination of carbon emission disclosure is measured using the GRI Standards 2016 index checklist by comparing the total items disclosed with the maximum total disclosed. The results of this study indicate that company size has a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure, while PROPER rating, profitability, leverage, and audit committee do not affect the disclosure of carbon emissions.
The Effect of sintering agent (Y2O3 and TiO2) from Bangka senotyme sand and ilminite on conductivity characteristics of zircon ceramic
Authors: Adisyahputra  , Sari F I P , Rizal F , Afriza G , Jurian
Published: November 2022

Zircon has potential as a reliable ceramic material because it has good physical properties, including low thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high mechanical resistance to heat can be used for various purposes such as household appliances, industry, electronics, refractories, to aerospace technology. In its application, zircon needs to beformed into solid ceramics. The formation of zircon ceramics can be carried out by hydrothermal and solgel methods at a sintered temperature of 1500°C based on hydrous zirconia and amorphous silica. This research is focused on the synthesis of zircon ceramics with varioussintering agents Y2O3 and TiO2 from the tailings processing of Bangka tin mining. The synthesiswas carried out with the basic material, namely zircon powder extracted from natural zirconsand. The characterization that will be carried out is the XRD structure as well as the mechanicaland electrical properties in the form of ceramic density and hardness as well as conductivity. Inthis study, it is hoped that a good zircon ceramic will be obtained.
Resistivity analysis of geothermal system at cubadak village west sumatera using magnetoteluric method
Authors: Kusmita T , Adhyaksa Y A , Nasri M Z , Joni W
Published: November 2022

Cubadak area was located in depression zone of great Sumatra fault zone which affected by normal faults. Geothermal in this area was characterized by the appearance of hot springs type chloride-bicarbonate on Cubadak, Sawah Mudik and Talu. The manifestation temperature on this area is about 37,1° - 74,8° C. This study purpose to recontruct model of subsurface geothermal system in Cubadak area based on MT data. Model 1-D was processed by apply Bostick inversion and NLCG (Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient) for model 2-D. The result showed that lowest resistivity was on Southwest to Northeast research area. Highest resistivity spread at West to Northeast. Geothermal system was composed by caprock (2-10 ohm), reservoar (20-300 ohm) and heat source (>300 ohm).