bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and molecular characterization of novel duck reoviruses in Henan Province, China
Authors: Peng Zhifeng , Zhang Han , Zhang Xiaozhan , Wang Haiyan , Liu Zihan , Qiao Hongxing , Lv Yujin , Bian Chuanzhou
Published: March 2023

Novel Duck reovirus (NDRV) is an ongoing non-enveloped virus with ten double-stranded RNA genome segments that belong to the genus Orthoreovirus, in the family Reoviridae. NDRV-associated spleen swelling, and necrosis disease have caused considerable economic losses to the waterfowl industry worldwide. Since 2017, a significant number of NDRV outbreaks have emerged in China. Herein, we described two cases of duck spleen necrosis disease among ducklings on duck farms in Henan province, central China. Other potential causative agent, including Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Duck tembusu virus (DTMUV), were excluded by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and two NDRV strains, HeNXX-1/2021 and HNJZ-2/2021, were isolated. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the σC genes revealed that both newly identified NDRV isolates were closely related to DRV/SDHZ17/Shandong/2017. The results further showed that Chinese NDRVs had formed two distinct clades, with late 2017 as the turning point, suggesting that Chinese NDRVs have been evolving in different directions. This study identified and genetic characteristics of two NDRV strains in Henan province, China, indicating NDRVs have evolved in different directions in China. This study provides an insight into the ongoing emerged duck spleen necrosis disease and enriches our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of NDRVs.
A Nature Thing: What Does Contemporary Ecological Art Produce?
Authors: Stoltz Barbara
Published: March 2023

This article demonstrates that ecological art is a very specific art form that follows its own methods of creation and, consequently, of dealing with material and its definitions. This view of ecological art is directed by art theory factors and fundamental questions of art history. Therefore, the main question in discussions on material and the functions of art is that of what contemporary ecological art produces in terms of the concepts ‘natural’ and ‘nature-fair.’ By analysing the artists Thomas Dambo, Aviva Rahmani and Tomás Saraceno, this article finds that, compared to various artistic forms that deal with ecology and the environment, ecological art acts more in the physical reality of the environment and ecosystems. Subsequently, what ecological art is actually producing is ‘a nature thing’, meaning a concrete effect on or intervention in the environment with gestures of appropriation, regeneration and coexistence, being above all ‘art for nature.’ The article shows that, in ecological art, the linear relationship between material and artwork, in that the artist transforms the material to its final form, namely the artwork, is absent. In ecological art, the aim is an ongoing process in which material can have different facets: the material can be a mere auxiliary instrument, the art object itself can become material for something else and the material in general can be understood as an overarching aim and motive: nature.
The Complexities and Benefits of Community-Partnered Projects for Engineering Capstone Design Students
Authors: Forbes Marissa H. , Hoople Gordon D.
Published: March 2023

Community-partnered engineering projects provide a mechanism for cultivating the development of sociotechnical engineers prepared to design within diverse and complex cultural, environmental, social, and other contexts. During the 2021–2022 academic year, we guided three teams of senior undergraduate engineering students through year-long community-partnered projects for their required capstone design course, which instead typically features corporate/industry-sponsored projects. We analyzed end-of-semester reflections (both fall and spring semester) from each student using inductive thematic analysis to explore how they perceived their experiences. The themes that emerged from the student reflections, including connectivity, transdisciplinary, multiple stakeholders, sustainability, justice, and ethics, are all components of the sociotechnical engineering capabilities that we are working to develop in our students. We consider these findings encouraging, and suggestive that integrating community-partnered projects into engineering capstone design offerings is worthwhile and effective. However, our implementation was not without challenges, such as trying to force the projects to fit into a course structure and timeline developed to support corporate/industry-sponsored project teams, which was burdensome to the community-partnered project teams. In this paper, we highlight both the complexities and benefits of this approach and insights gained from student and instructor reflections.
Effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on Cell Phenotype and Autophagy in Pichia pastoris Expressing Human Serum Albumin and Porcine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Fusion Protein
Authors: Xu Yingqing , Geng Zijian , Yang Chengxi , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Yixing , Kuerban Buayisham , Luo Gang
Published: March 2023

Pichia pastoris is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, but the low secretion efficiency hinders its wide application in biopharmaceuticals. Our previous study had shown that N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) promotes human serum albumin and porcine follicle-stimulating hormone fusion protein (HSA-pFSHβ) secretion by increasing intracellular GSH levels, but the downstream impact mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the roles of autophagy as well as cell phenotype in NAC promoting HSA-pFSHβ secretion. Our results showed that NAC slowed down the cell growth rate, and its effects were unaffected by Congo Red and Calcofluor White. Moreover, NAC affected cell wall composition by increasing chitin content and decreasing β-1,3-glucan content. In addition, the expressions of vesicular pathway and autophagy-related genes were significantly decreased after NAC treatment. Further studies revealed that autophagy, especially the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, mitophagy and pexophagy, was significantly increased with time, and NAC has a promoting effect on autophagy, especially at 48 h and 72 h of NAC treatment. However, the disruption of mitophagy receptor Atg32, but not pexophagy receptor Atg30, inhibited HSA-pFSHβ production, and neither of them inhibited the NAC-promoted effect of HSA-pFSHβ. In conclusion, vesicular transport, autophagy and cell wall are all involved in the NAC-promoted HSA-pFSHβ secretion and that disruption of the autophagy receptor alone does not inhibit the effect of NAC.
Activation-Free Sulfonyl Fluoride Probes for Fragment Screening
Authors: Petri László , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter , Csorba Noémi , Keeley Aaron , Simon József , Ranđelović Ivan , Tóvári József , Schlosser Gitta , Szabó Dániel , Drahos László , Keserű György M.
Published: March 2023

SuFEx chemistry is based on the unique reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride group with a range of nucleophiles. Accordingly, sulfonyl fluorides label multiple nucleophilic amino acid residues, making these reagents popular in both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry applications. The reactivity of sulfonyl fluorides nominates this warhead chemotype as a candidate for an external, activation-free general labelling tag. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a small sulfonyl fluoride library that yielded the 3-carboxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride warhead for tagging tractable targets at nucleophilic residues. Based on these results, we propose that coupling diverse fragments to this warhead would result in a library of sulfonyl fluoride bits (SuFBits), available for screening against protein targets. SuFBits will label the target if it binds to the core fragment, which facilitates the identification of weak fragments by mass spectrometry.
A Versatile Method for Synthesis of Light-Activated, Magnet-Steerable Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Active Colloids
Authors: Geng Dejia , Chen Lei , Du Sinan , Yang Xiang , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin
Published: March 2023

The immense potential of active colloids in practical applications and fundamental research calls for an efficient method to synthesize active colloids of high uniformity. Herein, a facile method is reported to synthesize uniform organic–inorganic hybrid active colloids based on the wetting effect of polystyrene (PS) with photoresponsive inorganic nanoparticles in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixture. The results show that a range of dimer active colloids can be produced by using different inorganic components, such as AgCl, ZnO, TiO2, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Moreover, the strategy provides a simple way to prepare dual-drive active colloids by a rational selection of the starting organic materials, such as magnetic PS particles that result in light and magnet dual-drive active colloids. The motions of these active colloids are quantified, and well-controlled movements are demonstrated.
Characterization of Complexes between Imidacloprid and β-Cyclodextrin: Evaluation of the Toxic Activity in Algae and Rotifers
Authors: Lavorgna Margherita , Dragone Martina , Russo Chiara , D’Abrosca Gianluca , Nugnes Roberta , Orlo Elena , della Valle Maria , Isernia Carla , Malgieri Gaetano , Iacovino Rosa , Isidori Marina
Published: March 2023

The development of new formulations can be driven by the knowledge of host–guest complexes using cyclodextrins which have the ability to include guest molecules within their hydrophobic cavities, improving the physicochemical properties of the guest. To rationally explore new pesticide formulations, the effects of cyclodextrins on the properties of such guest molecules need to be explored. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid systemic insecticide used worldwide. In this study, the inclusion complexes of Imidacloprid (IMI) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared in the solid state by co-precipitation and the physical mixing method, with a stoichiometry of 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The obtained products, Imidacloprid:β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (IMI:β-CD), were characterized in the solid state by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD). In solution, the 1:1 stoichiometry for the inclusion complexes was established by the Job plot method, and the binding constant of IMI:β-CD was determined by UV–vis titration. The toxicity was determined in producers and primary consumers of the freshwater trophic chain, the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, respectively. The results indicated that Imidacloprid forms inclusion complexes with CDs showing improved physicochemical properties compared to free Imidacloprid. The formation of the inclusion complex reduced the chronic toxicity in rotifers when IMI concentrations were close to those of environmental concern (tenths/hundredths of micromoles/L). Therefore, CD inclusion complexes could provide important advantages to be considered for the future industrial production of new formulations.
Evolution of Seed-Soluble and Insoluble Tannins during Grape Berry Maturation
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Yao Xuechen , Xia Nongyu , Sun Qi , Duan Changqing , Pan Qiuhong
Published: March 2023

Condensed tannins (CT) in wine are derived from the seeds and skins of grapes, and their composition and content contribute to the bitterness/astringency characteristics and ageing potential of the wine. Global warming has accelerated the ripening process of grape berries, making them out of sync with seed ripening. To understand the influence of berry ripening on the seed CT composition and content, we analyzed the changes in the soluble and insoluble CT in the seeds of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes from two vineyards over two years. The results showed that the seed-soluble CT presented a slight downward trend in fluctuation during grape berry development, while the insoluble CT increased continuously before the véraison and remained at a high level afterwards. Relatively speaking, a lower sugar increment in developing grape berries favored the conversion of seed CT towards a higher degree of polymerization. The terminal unit of soluble CT was dominated by epigallocatechin gallate, the content of which decreased as the seeds matured. It is suggested that the seeds should be fully matured to reduce this bitter component in tannins. This study provides a reference for us to control the grape ripening process and produce high-quality grapes for wine making.
Recent Progress in Heterocycle Synthesis: Cyclization Reaction with Pyridinium and Quinolinium 1,4-Zwitterions
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hua , You Yong , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Zhang Yan-Ping , Yin Jun-Qing , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: March 2023

Heteroarene 1, n-zwitterions are powerful and versatile building blocks in the construction of heterocycles and have received increasing attention in recent years. In particular, pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions have been widely studied and used in a variety of cyclization reactions due to their air stability, ease of use, and high efficiency. Sulfur- and nitrogen-based pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions, types of emerging heteroatom-containing synthons, have attracted much attention from chemists. These 1,4-zwitterions, which contain multiple reaction sites, have been successfully used in the synthesis of three- to eight-membered cyclic compounds over the last decade. In this review, we present the exciting progress made in the field of cyclization reactions of sulfur- and nitrogen-based pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions. Moreover, the mechanistic insights, the transition states, some synthetic applications, and the challenges and opportunities are also discussed. We hope to provide an overview for synthetic chemists who are interested in the heterocycle synthesis from cyclization reaction with pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions pyridinium and quinolinium 1,4-zwitterions.
Study on Flame Retardancy Behavior of Epoxy Resin with Phosphaphenanthrene Triazine Compound and Organic Zinc Complexes Based on Phosphonitrile
Authors: Xu Bo , Wu Menglin , Liu Yanting , Wei Simiao
Published: March 2023

A novel flame retardant phosphorus-containing organozinc complex (Zn-PDH) was prepared using zinc and iron as the metal center and 4-aminopyridine, with low steric hindrance, as the organic ligand, then using phosphazene to modify the organometallic complex (Zn-4APD). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of Zn-PDH/Tris-(3-DOPO-1-propyl)-triazinetrione (TAD) in epoxy resin (EP) were investigated. Flame inhibition behavior was studied by the vertical combustion test (UL94), while limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement and flame retardant properties were studied by the cone calorimeter test (CONE). The flame retardant modes of action were explored by using the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) test, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (LRS). When TAD and Zn-PDH were added to the epoxy resin in the ratio of 3:1, the system achieved a balance between the gas-phase and condense-phase actions of the flame retardant effects, and the 3%TAD/1%Zn-PDH/EP composite system achieved not only good flame inhibition but also obtained good smoke and heat suppression performance, showing a comprehensive flame retardant performance. The gas phase and Zn-PDH mostly promoted charring with a barrier and protective effect in the condensed phase. As for the mechanism, TAD released the phosphorus-containing radicals and phenoxy radicals during decomposition and mainly exerted a gas-phase quenching effect. While in the condense phase, Zn-PDH promoted the decomposition of the polymer matrix to produce more aromatic structures and rapidly formed a complete and dense carbon layer rich in P-O-C crosslinked structures at high temperatures. Meanwhile, more N entered the gas phase in the form of inert gas, which diluted the concentration of the combustible fuel and helped to inhibit the combustion reaction.
Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals by Synergistic Action of Ionic Liquid and Recyclable Solid Acid under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ma Li , Xu Yongjian , Chen Jian , Dong Cuihua , Pang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are nanoscale particles made from cellulose. They have many unique properties such as being lightweight, stiff, and renewable, making them promising for a variety of applications in a wide range of industries, including materials science, energy storage, and biomedicine. In this paper, a two-stage (swelling-SA-catalyzed) method including IL pretreatment and solid acid hydrolysis process was developed to extract CNCs with high purity and good thermal stability from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In the first stage, the swelling of MCC in ionic liquid was studied with the assistance of ultrasonication, and it was found that the amorphous regions became more disordered while the crystalline areas were selectively retained under the conditions of 30 min of reaction time, 45 °C of temperature, 2% of ionic liquid water content and 1:4 mass ratio of cellulose to ionic liquid. CNCs were extracted using solid acid hydrolysis, with a 45 wt% solid acid to cellulose ratio and a 5.0 h hydrolysis process at 45 °C. The morphology, crystallinity, surface characteristics and thermo stability of the sample were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Results demonstrated the highly thermostable CNCs were successful extracted with rodlike shape of 300 ± 100 nm in length and 20 ± 10 nm in width. Solid acid recovery and reuse were also studied, revealing a promising candidate that can reduce the environmental impact associated with chemical products.
Effect of Wheat-Derived Arabinoxylan on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Colonic Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Chudan Seita , Ishibashi Riko , Nishikawa Miyu , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Nagai Yoshinori , Ikushiro Shinichi , Furusawa Yukihiro
Published: March 2023

The health benefits of wheat-derived arabinoxylan, a commonly consumed dietary fiber, have been studied for decades. However, its effect on the gut microenvironment and inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of wheat-derived arabinoxylan on gut microbiota, colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs), and experimental colitis. In this study, healthy and chronic colitis model mice were fed chow containing cellulose or wheat-derived arabinoxylan for 2–6 weeks and subjected to subsequent analysis. A 16S-based metagenomic analysis of the fecal DNA revealed that Lachnospiraceae, comprising butyrate-producing and Treg-inducing bacteria, were overrepresented in arabinoxylan-fed mice. In line with the changes in the gut microbiota, both the fecal butyrate concentration and the colonic Treg population were elevated in the arabinoxylan-fed mice. In a T cell transfer model of chronic colitis, wheat-derived arabinoxylan ameliorated body weight loss and colonic tissue inflammation, which may, in part, be mediated by Treg induction. Moreover, wheat-derived arabinoxylan suppressed TNFα production from type 1 helper T cells in this colitis model. In conclusion, wheat-derived arabinoxylans, by altering the gut microenvironment, may be a promising prebiotic for the prevention of colitis.
A Review to Find Elicitation Methods for Business Process Automation Software
Authors: Menezes Thiago
Published: March 2023

Several organizations have invested in business process automation software to improve their processes. Unstandardized processes with high variance and unstructured data encumber the requirements elicitation for business process automation software. This study conducted a systematic literature review to discover methods to understand business processes and elicit requirements for business process automation software. The review revealed many methods used to understand business processes, but only one was employed to elicit requirements for business process automation software. In addition, the review identified some challenges and opportunities. The challenges of developing a business process automation software include dealing with business processes, meeting the needs of the organization, choosing the right approach, and adapting to changes in the process during the development. These challenges open opportunities for proposing specific approaches to elicit requirements in this context.
USA experience in equipping the infrastructure of medical institutions with information technology as an element of design thinking
Authors:   Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Russia, Shvets Yuriy Yuryevich
Published: March 2023

The article deals with one topical area of work in the field of design in healthcare — the introduction of innovations, IT technologies in medical organizations. The experience of the United States in this area will allow us to understand how design thinking has been developing recently and what development we can expect from it in the near future. The article begins with the introduction of electronic health records in hospitals as a fairly large example of innovation. Of course, as in all IT technologies that have not passed the long test of time, this system has its drawbacks, which are highlighted in the article. The definition of the concept of "systemic risk" is given with the transfer of its essence to the realities in medical organizations. The importance of user experience in the process of implementing certain design solutions is indicated. A new branch of design in medicine is UX design. The emerging tools in this area provide even more inspiration for the design of various innovative products, such as, for example, mobile applications, automatic systems used in their work by doctors, etc. The main trend in the development of future design in healthcare will be consumer orientation.
Online Learning during Pandemic: A Study on Computer Vision Syndrome in Malaysian University Students
Authors: Jamaludin Mohd Fazil
Published: March 2023

Objective – This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology/Technique - The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to understand the determinants of CVS-related health behaviors. The study enlisted the participation of 387 students from three Malaysian universities, and most respondents were Malay women under the age of 20.
Findings – According to the findings, many students devote more time to digital devices for online classes and assignments, resulting in high CVS symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were neck pain, back pain, tired eyes, and headaches. These findings emphasize the critical need for preventative measures to reduce the risk of CVS worsening, especially given the increased use of digital devices in online education.
Novelty - This study underscores the pressing need for implementing preventive measures to curtail vamong university students, particularly in the burgeoning use of digital devices in online education. Moreover, the investigation illuminates the salient CVS symptoms frequently reported by university students, thereby providing valuable insights for devising targeted interventions that can effectively alleviate the detrimental impact of CVS on their health.

Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: I00, I25, J24, O33.
Keywords: Computer vision syndrome; computer usage; online learning; students; COVID-19.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Jamaludin, M.F; Saharan, M.S; Adzahar, K.A; Ya’acob, F.F; Faimi, M.F.A. (2023). Online Learning during Pandemic: A Study on Computer Vision Syndrome in Malaysian University Students, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 8(1), 28 – 36. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2023.8.1(4)
The Effect of Product Quality and Price Fairness through Customer Loyalty on Local Skincare in Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Dony , Lanardi Sheren , Virginia Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Objective - This study discusses the emergence of various local skincare companies that manufacture high-quality products at a fair price and have successfully attracted customer loyalty through their customer engagement. This paper aims to identify the effect of Product Quality and Price Fairness on Customer Loyalty and Customer Engagement as intervening variables in local skincare products.
Methodology/Technique - This study used quantitative methods. The data collection technique is questionnaires distributed to 171 skincare users. All the data is processed with Path Analysis using double-multiple linear regression SPSS.
Findings – The results are that Product Quality and Price Fairness have a significant effect on Customer Engagement and Customer Loyalty, Product Quality does not have a significant effect on Customer Loyalty, and Product Quality has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty through Customer Engagement. In contrast, Price Fairness does not significantly affect Customer Loyalty through Customer Engagement.
Novelty - This research novelty is filling the gap of previous research by combining the direct effects of Product Quality and Price Fairness from several studies focusing on Customer Engagement as mediation to Customer Loyalty.

Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: F44; M20; M30.
Keywords: Customer Engagement; Customer Loyalty; Price Fairness; Product Quality; Skincare.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Saputra, D; Lanardi, S; Virginia, V. (2023). The Effect of Product Quality and Price Fairness through Customer Loyalty on Local Skincare in Indonesia, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 8(1), 37 – 44. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2023.8.1(5)
The practice of introducing interactive technologies in the training process of future employees of internal affairs bodies
Authors: Piganova Elena
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Speaking about the relevance of the study, it is necessary to note the positive role of studying the issue of managerial decisions during the training of future employees of the internal affairs bodies in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia while studying the academic discipline «Fundamentals of Management in the Internal Affairs Bodies». It seems that in order to strengthen the practical component of studying this issue, it is necessary to search for suitable interactive technologies for conducting training sessions, which we tried to find in the framework of the study. The purpose of the study is dictated by the need to create certain methodological teaching aids, the use of which will make it possible to introduce into the learning process the practical implementation of the study of certain issues within the framework of conducting classes in an interactive form in the discipline «Fundamentals of Management in the Internal Affairs Bodies». Research methods: In the course of the research, such theoretical methods as analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, comparison and such empirical methods as observation, conversation, description, testing, experiment were used. Results of the study: We saw the solution to the problem in the testing and application of interactive technologies in the form of «Case method» and the «Business game» method in the training course of the discipline «Fundamentals of Management in the Internal Affairs Bodies». The study reflects new, previously not used, methodological teaching aids developed for this specified academic discipline, containing the designated teaching methods and the results of their practical application, which showed a pronounced positive trend in mastering new knowledge, skills and abilities by learners in the educational process, which allows us to speak about the practical significance of his study results.
Growth of phosphorus-doped ZnTe thin films by molecular beam epitaxy using InP as the dopant source
Authors: Mustofa Muhamad , Mishima Seiya , Saito Katsuhiko , Guo Qixin , Tanaka Tooru
Published: March 2023

P-doped ZnTe thin films were grown by MBE on ZnTe (100) substrates using InP as the P source under various InP fluxes. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analyses showed that the P concentration in ZnTe thin films increased with increasing InP flux, although In atoms were also incorporated in the films. To suppress In incorporation, the outlet of the InP cell was modified by mounting a cap and a plate with small holes. As a result, In incorporation was significantly suppressed, resulting in an In concentration three orders of magnitude lower, as confirmed by SIMS, although the P concentration also decreased by almost one order of magnitude compared with the case without a cap. An acceptor-bound exciton (Ia) peak was observed at around 2.36 eV in the P-doped ZnTe thin film grown with a cap, and the Ia intensity increased after annealing, indicating the activation of P acceptors.
Poetic structure and structure of love : A PHONOLOGICAL APPROACH TO A SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET
Authors: Asst. Prof. Samir A. K. al-Sheilkh  , Asst.Instructor Ali Hindi Hamoudi
Published: March 2023

This study proceeds on the hypothesis that the sound patterns of apoem contribute a great deal to build the poet's world — view .The study isan attempt to investigate the texture of sound in Shakespeare's sonnet (55), " Not marble , nor gilded monuments " . The sonnet will be approachedas a phonological unit of meaning. The study falls into three parts . Part Iintroduces the key concepts of modern phonetics and phonology . Attentionis drawn to the phonological aspect of the verse structure by showing the "stress-producing pulses " and the " syllable — producing pulses" whicheither of the processes exists in nearly all human languages . Part II dealswith the phonological mechanisms which create the poem as an aestheticform . Of these mechanisms are the widely known sound devices such as , "rhythm", " rhyme " , " alliteration " , " onomatopoeia " and so on . Theseterms will be looked at from a _ phonological perspective.Shakespeare's sonnet will be investigated in terms of Cummings andSimmons's " Systemic Description "in its phonological aspect . Theanalytic mode will show how the language operates to produce the poem asa linguistic and aesthetic form.
A pragma-linguistic Analysis of hyperbolic Constructions in book Blurbs
Authors: Ikhlas Mahdi Hassan
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate hyperbole inbook blurbs. Back cover blurbs, brief texts displayed on book covers,provide information about a book to potential readers. They aremainly evaluative- persuasive texts which summarize the mainfeatures of the book and provide a mostly subjective evaluation usinglexical, pragmatic and textual devices. One of these devices ishyperbole. Hyperbole (also referred to as exaggeration oroverstatement) has been studied in rhetoric and literary contexts, butonly relatively recently in book blurbs. This paper aims to analyze andclassify hyperbolic constructions in back cover blurbs of selectedbooks in order to identify their pragmatic functions as evaluation andpersuasion.

In order to achieve the aim of the present study, thirty book blurbsof linguistics and literary books were analyzed through adopting alinguistic and pragmatic model. The findings reveal that hyperbolicconstructions are realized widely via lexical devices especiallyadjectives. Moreover, most of the hyperbolic constructions used in theselected texts fulfill certain pragmatic functions among whichevaluation and emphasis are highly frequent. Based on this, hyperboleis primarily evaluative rather than a descriptive or explanatory device.Key words: hyperbole, book blurbs, pragmatic functions
The Role of Semantics and Etymology in Promoting Insightful Learning
Authors: . Nagham H. Hussein  , Majda Sabri Faris
Published: March 2023

The difficult meaning of many unfamiliar and new words is‘motivated’ by their original and semantic meaning. In an EFL context, thisoffers the possibility of presenting a number of difficult words in ways thatpromote insightful learning rather than blind memorization. Associating aword with its semantic change and etymology has been shown to enhancecomprehending and then remembering. This effect seems in accordancewith dual coding theory, as the etymological association is likely to call upa mental image of a concrete scene which can be stored in memoryalongside the verbal form. The present study explores the possibility oftaking this technique beyond mere mnemonics. A series of tests that are setup with the participation of students who study English in their higherstudy are reported. The results show that knowledge of the origin andsemantic changes of these new and unfamiliar words can effectively helplearners comprehend their meaning and then ease their retention. Not onlydoes the task of knowing word meaning on the basis of etymologicalinformation appear practical, it seems to facilitate recall, too. Finally, theresults suggest that knowledge of the origin of unfamiliar words can helplearners estimate whether they might have more than one meaning.

Failing to remember previously encountered words is one of thecommonly reported complaints of EFL learners. Among the variety ofcommonly used vocabulary reinforcing techniques, making students awareof etymological accounts of words is a relatively under researched area inthe literature. The present study, therefore, aims at exploring the effect ofpresenting etymological accounts of 20 unfamiliar words on short- andlong-term vocabulary retention of EFL learners. The participants (20) aremembers of two higher studies classes randomly assigned to experimentaland control groups. While both groups are asked to look up the meaning ofthe words in their dictionaries, the participants in the experimental groupreceived a short instruction on the etymologies of the words. The results of
تأثير الرش بالاسبرين في نمو وحاصل نباث الذرة الصفراء المعرض لاجهاد الجفاف
Authors: وفاق امجد القيسي  , هاجر محمد هلال  , سناء عبد حمود
Published: March 2023

اجريت تجربة حقلية للموسم الصيفي 2012 بهدف دراسة تأثير اجهاد الجفافوالرش بالاسبرين في بعض الصفات المظهرية والفسلجية والحاصل لنبات الذرة الصفراء(5ا710 264)؛ كانت معاملات اجهاد الجفاف هي ري كل يوم؛ ري كل 7 ايام وري كل4 يوم؛ اما تراكيز الاسبرين فهي 0 030 70 جزء بالمليون. أوضحت النتائج ان تأثيراجهاد الجفاف بتباعد فترات الري ادى الى انخفاض معنوي في معدلات الصفاتالمدروسة؛ اما تأثير الرش بالاسبرين فقد بينت النتائج زيادة معنوية في اغلب معدلاتالصفات المدروسة لاسيما عند التركيز 30 جزع بالمليون فقد ازداد ارتفاع النبات بنسبة7 وعدد الاوراق %6.46 والوزن الجاف %48.52 والمحتوى الكلوروفيلي9 ولمساحة الورقية %9.11 ومحتوى البرولين 968.27 وعدد العرانيص6. عدد الحبوب %19.43 ووزن الحبة %23.45 والنسبة المئوية للزيت7 مقارنة بنباتات السيطرة.
الذرائعية واسقاطاتها الفكرية على تصميم المنتج الصناعي
Authors: أ.د.شيماء عبد الجبار  , م. جاسم احمد زيدان
Published: March 2023

الذرائعية أو البراجماتية مذهب فلسفي نفعي يرى أن الحقيقة توجد من خلال الواقع

العملي والتجربة الإنسانية؛ وأن قضية صدق ما يكمن في مدى كونها مفيدة للناس؛ كما أنأفكار الناس هي مجرد ذرائع يستعين بها الإنسان لحفظ بقائه ثم البحث عن الكمالءوعندما تتضارب الأفكار فإن أصدقها هو الأنفع والأجدى. والعقل لم يخلق لتفسير الغيبالمجهول. لذا فإن الاعتقاد الديني لا يخضع للبينات العقلية. من هنا تبلورت مشكلة البحثالحالي وقد كان هدف البحث : الى تحديد توجيهات الذرائعية واسقاطاتها الفكرية وفعلهافي تصميم المنتج الصناعي
O processo de negociação da reaproximação entre Estados Unidos da América e Cuba (2008 – 2016)
Authors: Morales David , Pepi Jeniffer
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes the rapprochement process between the US and Cuban governments in the period 2008-2016. It works the hypothesis that the change of actors in the international scene, mainly, Raúl Castro in place of Fidel Castro and Barack Obama in place of George Walker Bush; together with the Vatican's intermediation through the political offices of the then elected Pope Francis, they configured the main factor that made it possible to negotiate advances to reduce the distance between both countries within the international political context that took place in this specific historical period. The article identifies and discusses the role of the actors involved according to the Graham Allison's Governmental Politics Model (1999), seeking to understand how their action took place and the consequences they brought to the politics of both countries. The contribution of other actors is also analyzed, including the US business community, Latin American countries, Europe and China, which were important for their power of influence and persuasion in the process of this rapprochement, which, being ephemeral. Despite not having given continuity with the advances obtained after the election of Donald Trump, this meant a demonstration that there are paths that can be traced to overcome historical and political-economic divergences between both countries.
Os movimentos antibases nas Filipinas e Acordo de Bases Militares com os EUA
Authors: De Souza Andrea Luiza Fontes Resende
Published: March 2023

Durante 45 anos de negociações sobre a presença e permanência das bases militares dos EUA nas Filipinas, os EUA conseguiu sobrepor suas preferências sob os interesses das Filipinas. Contudo, em setembro de 1991, algo inesperado ocorre: o senado filipino rejeita um novo tratado cujo um dos termos era a permanência das bases americanas no país. Com este resultado, as grandes bases dos Estados Unidos foram permanentemente fechadas.  Sabendo que o movimento antibases nas Filipinas cresceu exponencialmente entre 1980 e 1990, este artigo se propõe a analisar pela ótica dos jogos de dois níveis de Putnam, como e se o movimento antibases teve alguma influência sobre o resultado de 1991. Maior destaque é dado ao nível II (nível doméstico) e como grupos domésticos podem interferir no nível I (internacional) onde ocorrem as negociações. Ao final de uma profunda exploração sobre o contexto em que as negociações ocorreram entre 1946 e 1991, é possível compreender dois pontos sobre as negociações de 1991: de fato a coalisão de vários movimentos sociais que aderiram à pauta “antibases” conseguiu se politizar o suficiente para penetrar na elite política e contrabalancear o jogo a favor das minorias; e que os negociadores dos EUA inesperadamente ignoraram o peso que estes movimentos poderiam ter sobre os negociadores filipinos.
O regime internacional de refúgio em xeque:
Authors: Morais Guilherme de Paiva
Published: March 2023

The International Refugee Regime is in crisis. The Hungarian reaction to the intense migratory flow of Syrians seeking refuge in Europe is a demonstration of such a crisis. It is proposed to discuss in this article the conceptual history of the refugee status, the challenges imposed on the refugee regime and its implications in the European case. The reflection on the rise of new categories of migration and the consequent relativization of the 1951 Convention call into question the rights of refugees and the entire legal framework for the security of those who migrate involuntarily because of a direct threat to their lives.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU POSTPARTUM TENTANG MANFAAT PERAWATAN PAYUDARA DI WILAYAH UPTD PUSKESMAS SUKAMULYA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Setiati Nova Winda , Nurjannah Siti Nunung , Sumardiyono Dr. Sumardiyono
Published: March 2023

Masa nifas masih banyak masalah pada saat menyusui, pada ibu pasca bersalin hingga tiga bulan masa menyusui, sekitar 51,8% menderita permasalahan pada payudara adanya lecet pada putting susu dan kurangnya perawatan payudara yang akhirnya menyebabkan ibu tersebut berhenti menyusui bayinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu postpartum tentang manfaat perawatan payudara di wilayah UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan cros sectional, populasi dalam penelitian ini 62 responden dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan total sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan sukender. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner, uji analisis yang digunakan Chi-Square. Hasil analisis univariat, pengetahuan cukup 26 responden 42%, sikap mendukung 33 responden 53%, Sedangkan analisis bivariat, penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu postpartum tentang manfaat perawatan payudara diwilayah UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya Kabupaten Kuningan tahun 2019 dengan nilai p value = 0,020. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu postpartum tentang manfaat perawatan payudara di Wilayah UPTD Puskesmas Sukamulya Kabupaten Kuningan Tahun 2019. Saran bagi ibu postpartum terus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengimplementasikan perilaku perawatan payudara ibu postpartum baik melalui konsultasi langsung maupun mengikuti kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN PERILAKU DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI DESA MARGAJAYA KECAMATAN SUKADANA KABUPATEN CIAMIS TAHUN 2018
Authors: Nurkholik Dedeng , Riyantina Ade Sity , Rohita Tita
Published: March 2023

Kanker payudara, salah satu kanker saat ini, merupakan jenis kanker yang sangat menakutkan bagi wanita dalam Indonesia & dalam seluruh dunia. Kanker payudara adalah suatu bentuk keganasan dalam mana selsel payudara tumbuh & berkembang dalam luar kendali & mampu menyebar antar jaringan atau organ dalam dekat payudara atau ke bagian tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan kanker payudara memakai perilaku deteksi dini kanker payudara pada wanita usia subur dalam Desa Margadzhaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengusut suatu populasi atau sampel tertentu. Desain atau pendekatan yang digunakan adalah crosssectional & merupakan jenis desain penelitian yang menekankan pada ketika untuk mengukur atau mengamati data variabel bebas & terikat hanya sekali dalam satu ketika. Hasilnya, menurut hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai Sig sebesar 0,000 yang lebih kecil menurut 0,05 menjadi akibatnya Ho ditolak & Ha lulus yang terbukti menghipnotis tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker payudara pada SADARI. Perilaku wanita usia subur dalam Desa Margajaya, Kecamatan Sukadana, Kabupaten Siamis, 2018. Kesimpulan penelitian menerangkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker payudara bekerjasama positif memakai perilaku wanita usia subur terhadap deteksi dini kanker payudara. Desa Margajaya, wilayah Sukadan, wilayah Siamis, ukuran imbas 87,2%. Kata kunci: tingkat pengetahuan, kanker payudara, deteksi dini.
PENGARUH ALAT KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI IBU MENYUSUI LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Sambas Etty Komariah , Amelia Ginna Sania , Hersoni Soni
Published: March 2023

Alat kontrasepsi hormonal yang mengandung progesteron dan estrogen pada ibu menyusui dapat menghambat produksi ASI ibu menyusui. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis jenis alat kontrasepsi hormonal yang dipakai oleh ibu menyusui, mengetahui pengaruh alat kontrasepsi hormonal pada produksi ASI ibu menyusui. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode review literatur. Penelusuran artikel menggunakan database Google Scholar, pubmed, sciencedirect, dan aplikasi Mendeley, dengan jumlah 20 buah artikel yang eligible untuk dianalisis. Publikasi artikel dari tahun 20211-2020. Hasil penelitian : terdapat 11 artikel yang membahas jenis2 penelitian dan artikel yang membahas pengaruh alat kontrasepsi hormonal pada produksi ASI ibu menyusui. 15. Kesimpulan: kontrasepsi yang banyak digunakan oleh ibu menyusui yaitu alat kontrasepsi suntik DMPA dan pil kombinasi, dan yang paling sedikit digunakan oleh ibu menyusui yaitu susuk/implan. Pengaruh alat kontrasepsi hormonal yang mengandung progesteron dan estrogen pada produksi ASI ibu menyusui adalah menghambat produksi dan volume ASI ibu menyusui. Walaupun demikian terdapat faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi ASI yaitu : kekurangan asupan gizi ibu selama menyusui bayinya, berat lahir, ketenangan jiwa dan stress, konsumsi rokok, konsumsi alkohol, makanan ibu, dukungan suami dan keluarga lain, perawatan payudara, frekuensi hisapan bayi atau frekuensi penyusuan
Two Cases Report of Acupuncture Treatment at the Acupoint BL1 (Jingming) of Both Eyes in Treating Traumatic Trochlear Nerve Palsy
Authors: Su Chun-Feng , Lin Ching-Huang , Fan Qiao
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To explore a safe and effective therapy in treating diplopia due to traumatic trochlear nerve palsy. Subjects: Two cases of traumatic trochlear nerve palsy both induced by motorcycle traffic accidents were presented in this study. Both cases were right superior oblique muscle
palsy after an accidental head injury affected for more than 6 months (case 1) and 4 years (case 2). Methods of treatment: Both cases were subjected to acupuncture therapy at the acupoint BL1 (Jingming) of both eyes using disposable stainless steel acupuncture needles and were clinically evaluated
by the ophthalmologist after each session. Each session extended to 20 minutes, 2 or 3 sessions per week till fully recovered. Result: Clinical symptoms of both cases were significantly improved after 3 sessions and continued the treatment for two more months to consolidate the curative effect
due to fear of recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: Acupuncture can be considered an effective therapy in the treatment of diplopia due to traumatic trochlear nerve palsy in addition to conservative therapy.
EL ARTE COMO FILOSOFÍA
Authors: González Mejía Belinda Nicteha
Published: March 2023

El presente texto retrata las múltiples bondades del arte, haciendo énfasis en una esencial, ¿será posible que el arte sea precursora, motivadora y cómplice de la filosofía? Sin embargo, esto no es todo lo que se puede decir del arte, y es que dentro de la filosofía se vuelve algo mucho más profundo, algo que se ha interiorizado y realzado; algo que se salta por completo la idea de expresión, catarsis, abstracto y absurdo; el arte para la filosofía es algo que toma sentido, al convertirse en el principio y el fin del sufrimiento.