bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF DIGITIZATION OF THE ECONOMY ON CHANGES IN SUPPLY CHAINS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Koliadenko Svitlana , Kiporenko Svitlana ,   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University
Published: March 2023

In the conditions of the rapid development of modern society and the changes taking place in the existence of economic systems of production, consumption, and especially the distribution of products, services, information, etc., the issue of implementing tools for digitization of economic processes that will help avoid or reduce the negative effects of new challenges require much greater attention for world society (including such urgent ones as global warming and environmental pollution, and in recent years, crisis factors have also been added: the СOVID-19 pandemic (from 2020 and the start of hostilities in Ukraine from February 2022)), in particular, in logistics processes, the important components of which are supply chains.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities of various leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Newbouldia laevis
Authors: Loveth Amuche Okeke  , Clement Oliseloke Anie  , David Chinemerem Nwobodo  , Vitus Kasie Okolo
Published: March 2023

Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Newbouldia laevis were subjected to cold maceration in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water for 24 hours. The extracts which on phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and phenols, were tested for antimicrobial activities. Various concentrations of the plant extracts (200, 100, and 50 mg/ml) were assayed for antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used for the study. The ethanol extract of O. gratissimum showed the highest zone of inhibition against E. coli with 18mm at 200mg/ml concentration, followed by ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts with 15 mm and 8 mm, respectively. Ethanol extract of N. laevis displayed the best activities against E.coli and S. aureus with both displaying inhibition zones of 10 mm, followed by 8.5mm against S. typhi. The aqueous extract had the best activity against K. aerogenes (9.5 mm), followed by S. aureus (5 mm). The zones of inhibition against the test organisms decreased with decreasing concentration of the plant extracts. Overall, the ethanol extracts displayed the best activity, while the aqueous extracts had the least activity. The results obtained showed that leaf extracts of the two plants have broad-spectrum activities, and could serve as potential sources for the development of useful natural antibacterial agents.
The Core Symptoms of Adolescents Online and Offline Gambling in South Korea Using Network Analysis
Authors: Oh Yunhye , Joung Yoo-Sook , Baek Ji Hyun
Published: March 2023

Objective Adolescent gambling is rapidly increasing recently. However, little is known about the core feature of adolescent gambling that should be the treatment target for adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the core symptom of adolescent gambling using network analysis with large-scale data targeting community indwelling adolescents.Methods We used dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems to explore symptom networks of gambling in adolescents. Of 17,520 respondents in the dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, 5,619 adolescents with experience of gambling were included in the analysis. We computed an association network, a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and a directed acyclic graph to model symptom interactions.Results In each network of online, offline, and all gambling, stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts was the most centrally situated and skipping practice followed by dropping out of activities. Especially strong connections emerged between stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts and academic performance degradation due to gambling. Feeling bad due to gamble and skipping hanging out with friends who do not gamble emerged as a highly central node that might be distinctive to adolescents with online gambling.Conclusion These findings demonstrate central features of adolescent gambling. Different associations among specific network nodes suggest the existence of distinctive psychopathological constructs between online and offline gambling.
Reliability and Validity of Chinese Version of the Perceived Competence Scale for Disaster Mental Health Workforce: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xiao Qingqing , Song Xiaozhen , Huang Xuehua , Meng Xiandong
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to translate the English version of the Perceived Competence Scale for Disaster Mental Health Workforce (PCS-DMHW) into Chinese, and to test its reliability and validity in Chinese mental health workers.Methods With the consent of Professor Choi, Keimyung University, Korea, and the authorization of the scale, the English version of PCS-DMHW was translated, retranslated and culturally debugged to form the Chinese version of PCS-DMHW. The general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PCS-DMHW scale were used to investigate 706 mental health workforce from 9 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan province in China from March 24, 2020 to April 14, 2020. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to evaluate the internal consistency reliability of the scale, and the test-retest correlation coefficient r was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the scale. The content validity indexes (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used separately for evaluating the content validity and structure validity of the scale.Results The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of PCS-DMHW total scale, individual competences and organizational competences subscale was 0.978, 0.956, and 0.964, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the total scale, individual competences and organizational competences subscale was 0.949, 0.932 and 0.927, respectively. The item-level CVI of all scale were ranged from 0.833–1.000, the scale-level CVI (S-CVI)/universal agreement of the total scale, individual competences and organizational competences subscale was 0.833, 0.875, and 0.857, respectively, and the S-CVI/average was 0.972, 0.979, and 0.976, respectively. EFA showed that two principal components were extracted from the subscale of individual competences and organizational competences.Conclusion The Chinese version of PCS-DMHW has good reliability and validity, and can be widely used in China.
Breviscapine Ameliorates Fear Extinction and Anxiety in BALB/cJ Mice
Authors: Liang Wei , Huang Jing , Yang Shuya , Huang Peng , Chen Jun , Chen Chen , Yang Qun , Li Fengzhan
Published: March 2023

Objective In this research, the influence of breviscapine on anxiety, fear elimination, and aggression and the potential mechanism was investigated.Methods Anxiety and locomotion were analyzed by elevated plus maze and open field test in mice. Bussey-Saksida Mouse Touch Screen Chambers were used to perform fear conditioning. Territorial aggression was assessed by resident intruder test. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Breviscapine improved fear-extinction learning in BALB/cJ mice.Results Breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased center cross number, total distance traveled, and velocity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in open field test. In addition, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased the ratio of time on the open arm, time on the distal parts of the open arm, and total distance traveled in elevated plus maze. Breviscapine at 100 mg/kg increased the average attack latency and decreased the number of attacks over the last 3 days of resident intruder test. In hippocampus, protein levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were elevated by breviscapine at these three doses.Conclusion The administration of breviscapine alleviates fear extinction, anxiety, and aggression, while increases locomotor in a dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with its influence on synaptic function.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Cortical Thinning in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Kim Jinyi , Lee Changju , Kang Youbin , Kang Wooyoung , Kim Aram , Tae Woo-Suk , Ham Byung-Joo , Chang Jisoon , Han Kyu-Man
Published: March 2023

Objective A growing body of evidence reports on the effect of different types of childhood abuse on the structural and functional architecture of the brain. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the differences in cortical thickness according to specific types of childhood abuse between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs).Methods A total of 61 patients with MDD and 98 HCs were included in this study. All participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and the occurrence of childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. We investigated the association between whole-brain cortical thickness and exposure to any type of childhood abuse and specific type of childhood abuse in the total sample using the FreeSurfer software.Results No significant difference was reported in the cortical thickness between the MDD and HC groups nor between the “any abuse” and “no abuse” groups. Compared to no exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA), exposure to CSA was significantly associated with cortical thinning in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (p=0.00020), left (p=0.00240), right fusiform gyri (p=0.00599), and right supramarginal gyrus (p=0.00679).Conclusion Exposure to CSA may lead to cortical thinning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is deeply involved in emotion regulation, to a greater extent than other types of childhood abuse.
Electroconvulsive Seizure Normalizes Motor Deficits and Induces Autophagy Signaling in the MPTP-Induced Parkinson Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Huh Seonghoo , Yu Hyun Sook , Kang Nuree , Ahn Yong Min , Kim Yong Sik , Kim Se Hyun
Published: March 2023

Objective Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is a potent treatment modality for various neuropsychiatric diseases, including Parkinson disease (PD). Recent animal studies showed that repeated ECS activates autophagy signaling, the impairment of which is known to be involved in PD. However, the effectiveness of ECS on PD and its therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been investigated in detail.Methods Systemic injection of a neurotoxin 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), which destroys dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), in mice was utilized to induce an animal model of PD. Mice were treated with ECS 3 times per week for 2 weeks. Behavioral changes were measured with a rotarod test. Molecular changes related to autophagy signaling in midbrain including SNc, striatum, and prefrontal cortex were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analyses.Results Repeated ECS treatments normalized the motor deficits and the loss of dopamiergic neurons in SNc of the MPTP PD mouse model. In the mouse model, LC3-II, an autophagy marker, was increased in midbrain while decreased in prefrontal cortex, both of which were reversed by repeated ECS treatments. In the prefrontal cortex, ECS-induced LC3-II increase was accompanied with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Unc-51-like kinase 1-Beclin1 pathway activation and inhibition of mamalian target of rapamycin signaling which promotes autophagy initiation.Conclusion The findings revealed the therapeutic effects of repeated ECS treatments on PD, which could be attributed to the neuroprotective effect of ECS mediated by AMPK-autophagy signaling.
Active Learning through Project Based Learning Approach in English Language Lessons for Early Age Groups
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine how Project Based Learning(PBL) approach influenced students’ cognitive and emotional engagementin Class I English lessons. Project-based learning is a dynamic classroomapproach in which students actively explore real-world problems andchallenges and acquire a deeper knowledge. This research attempted to seehow the use of self-assessment, students writing daily reflection logs,parental involvement, interviewing a security personnel and engagingstudents in exploring a real-world problem like safety at public places,influenced their engagement and interest in English language classroom.Furthermore, cross-curricular/interdisciplinary and InformationCommunication Technology (ICT) integration kept the studentsintrinsically motivated. Questionnaires were designed for School Headsand Class I English teachers. The study was conducted in fifty schoolswith 180 sections and a strength of 3893 students. The results showed thatas the driving question was relevant to the prevailing security situation inour country, the level of student engagement was immense throughout theproject Unit. However, due to less interest taken by the parent body, somestudents could not get real life experiences. The findings showed thatplanning, teaching, management and assessment of PBL is relativelychallenging for teachers.
Early Childhood Learning Videos on YouTube: A Thematic Analysis of Viewer’s Perceptions
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

The study was aimed to investigate the opinions of viewers who have watchedearly childhood education videos on YouTube regarding their acceptance andsuitability of videos for the purpose of Early Childhood Learning (ECL).Furthermore, study focused to explore whether these videos can be useful andeffective for the preschool children to educate them basics of knowledge. Aqualitative phenomenological approach was used to investigate theperceptions of viewers about their experience of the early childhood learningvideos through comments. Ten (10) videos with over 01 million views anduploaded on YouTube within a period of last 02 years were considered assample of study through purposive homogenous sampling technique.Furthermore, only comments in sensible English language were selected assample comments for analysis and interpretation purpose. From the selectedvideos, comments were scraped with the help of open source data miningsoftware (ytcomments). Qualitative thematic sentiment analysis techniquewas applied to identify significant meanings and themes from the commentsof the viewers. The sentiment analysis was supported by the use of NVivo 12software. Analytical findings emphasized that viewers have a positiveperception towards the usefulness and effectiveness of Early ChildhoodLearning YouTube videos.
EXPLORING FAMILY INVOLVEMENT OF PRE SCHOOLLEARNERS IN RAWALPINDI CITY
Authors: Editor JECCE
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study was to learn more about preschool students'family participation in the city of Rawalpindi. This study used adescriptive co-relational research method to examine the impact ofpreschool students' family involvement on their academic achievement. Inthe city of Rawalpindi, the research focused on preschoolers and theirparents. The study used random sampling methods. Data was gatheredusing a self-created questionnaire. The researcher personally visitsrepresentative schools to gather data. To evaluate the study instruments'reliability and validity, a pilot test was conducted. A sample of 30 parentswas used to assess the survey's validity. Many responders took positiveaction to improve their kids' performance. Children in preschool who hadinitiative-taking parents did better. Most of the respondents said theyoccasionally talk to their preschoolers about how their academics aregoing. The study suggests that parents be made aware of the value of earlychildhood education so that they can comprehend their part in theacademic success of their children
The Micro-Dimensions of Policy Design: A Key Challenge for Real-World Policy Practice
Authors: Howlett Michael , Ramesh M , Capano Giliberto
Published: March 2023

  

A key challenge to real-world policy making is determining how to match policy goals with the means available to implement them. This match is problematic for several reasons, not the least of which is the lack of  conceptual clarity surrounding how targets should be set for policy goals and how exactly policy tools should be calibrated to meet them. These subjects have been examined by a number of scholars, but  their insights have not been synthesized into a common framework, applicable in practice. This paper examines this literature and presents a framework which allows analysts and practitioners  to ensure that the designs they propose contain the necessary elements to have a significant chance of attaining policy success. The utility of the framework is illustrated through examination of two high profile recent cases of policy development: the Affordable Care Act in USA, and the regulation of car emissions in the EU.
P2Y12 inhibitor de-escalation after percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Tanajura Luiz , Chaves Áurea , Freitas Rafaela , Ribamar Júnior José
Published: March 2023

In patients who have acute coronary syndromes and are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, the prescription of a dual antiplatelet regimen, consisting of acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, is mandatory, contributing to the reduction of major cardiac events. However, while preventing ischemic events, this association may precipitate major bleeding complications, which is more commonly seen when more potent drugs, such as prasugrel or ticagrelor, are prescribed. These findings led to the search for therapeutic alternatives that could maintain the protection against ischemic events and, at the same time, prevent the occurrence of hemorrhages. One of the strategies being studied is de-escalation of P2Y12 inhibitors, which consists of the use of more potent drugs in an early phase after the procedure, replacing them with clopidogrel, after a period of, in general, 30 days of clinical course. Another possibility would be to simply reduce the dose of the most potent drug, which so far can only be considered with prasugrel. De-escalation can be done in a guided way, using objective measuring tests of platelet aggregation or exams to assess the genetic profile of patients, or unguided, in which the cardiologist simply replaces or reduces the dose at the end of the stipulated period, with no ancillary tests. The literature includes clinical trials with these two strategy options, which are discussed in this review. So far, no medical guideline explicitly recommends the regular use of this therapeutic alternative.
ICEST 2020
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

International and exhibition on science and engginering perlu dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara disseminasi hasil penelitian.
The Effect of Audit Report Lag, Leverage Ratio and Audit Tenure On Going Concern Audit Opinion: Empirical Study of Go Public Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020
Authors: Kamil Krishna , Maksum Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the audit report lag, leverage ratio and audit tenure on going-concern and appropriate audit opinions on go public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Design/methodology/approach: Method of research used in this research is the exposure of facts on testing the application of audit report lag, audit tenure and leverage ratio on going concern audit opinion. Findings: The outcome of the research indicates that audit report lag and audit tenure have a significant positive effect on going concern audit opinion, but the leverage ratio has insignificant effect on going concern audit opinion. Practical implications: The consequences of these going concern audit opinion make distrust of stakeholders, so the going concern audit opinion needs to be minimized in order for all companies to be trusted in financial statement reports. Originality/value: Empirical Study on all go public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020.
A Haunting Tremor: A Rare Presentation of an Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformation and Review of Related Literature
Authors: De Leon Adrian Paul , Go Criscely L.
Published: March 2023

Tremor is a common phenomenology characterized by an involuntary rhythmic and oscillatory movement. These are formed from any disruption in the dentate-olivary and the basal ganglia-cerebello-thalamic circuits due to neurodegenerative disease, stroke, head injuries, toxins, drugs, systemic illness, or metabolic disorders, and rarely, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Brain AVMs, as compared to AVMs in other anatomic locations, are less commonly studied. The pathophysiology, symptomatic correlation, and etiology of these brain AVMs are less reported, hence, current literature reviewed presented patients with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms which were linked with AVMs of differing risk based on their diagnostic grading. This case report narrates the experience of a 29-year-old female physician presenting with fine high frequency hand tremors later found out to have a parietal AVM. We will discuss AVMs and their consequent course of diagnosis, treatment, and management.
The Role of Social Media in Promoting Mobile Payment: A Qualitative Study of Consumers in Macao
Authors: Tam Fung Yi , Lung Jane W. Y. , Iao C. H. , Chong N. L. , Mak I. K.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the role of social media to promote mobile payment in Macao. Online focus groups were used for this study. There was a total of 18 participants attended online focus groups. The results showed that the age group of 18 to 30 used social media all the times and felt comfortable to receive promotion information of mobile payment through social media. Company can use social media in promoting mobile payment for age group 18-30, however, company needs to consider their concerned about the improvement of the existing mobile payment system such as offer a unified payment app in Macao and optimize the interface of mobile payment to be more user friendly. The age group of 31 to 49 did not have enough time to browse the information about mobile payment from social media. If a company can provide more attractive and engaging content helping consumers spend less time learning and browsing information, then social media can become an effective tool to promote mobile payments. The age group of 50-65 felt drawback about social media because they believed that there were a lot of fake information on the internet. To promote mobile payment for the 50-65 age group, free lectures, personal promotion, newspapers and TV are suggested.
Perancangan Aplikasi
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan teknologi akan banyak mempengaruhi sosial kehidupan masyarakat.
‘Bhakt’ and ‘Liberandu’ as polarized categories: The making of a Hindutva digital sphere on Indian Twitter (X)
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, I forward a membership categorization analysis informed approach to examine what is usually considered a ‘macro-phenomenon’: political polarization. I do so with the particular aim of contributing knowledge to studies in language and social media from a context in the Global South that has received considerable attention, in comparison to several other contexts: contemporary Hindu politics in India. Several studies have been undertaken in the last few years to examine the growth of Hindu politics in India (Basu 2017, Udupa 2018, 2019, Ray and Dube 2020, Ray 2022). What I wish to do in this chapter is to consider one aspect of this politics, namely the use of ‘polarized’ categories on Twitter. I do so with a view to identify linguistic practices of category construction and use that are trans-lingual (Androutsopoulos 2007, Tagg 2020), their relevance for political polarization, and what these mean for the intersections of language, politics, and social media.
Comparing Self-Reported Quality of Life in Youth with Bipolar Versus Other Disorders
Authors: McGinty Kayla , Janos Jessica , Seay Julia , Youngstrom Jennifer , Findling Robert L. , Youngstrom Eric Arden , Freeman Andrew Justin
Published: March 2023

Objectives: This study benchmarks quality of life (QoL) of youth with bipolar disorder (BD) against healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with other psychiatric disorders. The relative impacts of depressive, (hypo)manic, mixed, and externalizing symptoms on QoL is tested for youth with BD. Method: 657 youth completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (KSADS), the KSADS depression and mania scales, the Parent General Behavior Inventory (PGBI), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Youth-reported QoL was determined by the Revised Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (KINDL) and was compared to healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with other psychiatric disorders. Results: Youth with BD reported poorer QoL overall and on most subscales compared to healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, youth with behavior disorders, and youth with other non-behavior/non-mood disorders. QoL in youth with BD did not differ significantly from QoL in youth with unipolar depression. Parent-report and interview-rated depressive symptoms were associated with decreases in Total QoL and all QoL subscales except Family. Externalizing symptoms were associated with decreases in Family QoL and increases in Friend QoL, and (hypo)manic symptoms were associated with increases in Emotional Well-Being QoL. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms may drive the decline in QoL causing youth with BD to rate their QoL worse than healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with behavior disorders, but not worse than youth with unipolar depression.
No foreign language effect in incentivized gambles with verbal probability expressions
Authors: Borkowska Anna , Milczarski Wojciech , Bialek Michal
Published: March 2023

The Foreign Language effect is claimed to decrease risk aversion. We found no such effect. First, we asked N = 229 Polish native speakers to assign numerical values to verbal probability phrases in Polish and English. After finding very few differences, we conducted an incentivized experiment, N = 281, where Poles had to decide whether they would prefer to receive a granted amount of money or take part in a lottery task where the chance of winning was expressed by the phrases from the pre-test. Regardless of the language, the participants made the same choices.
Fungal Diseases of Tomato in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Jha Sanjay Kumar , Lamichhane Sita
Published: March 2023

The infected parts of the tomato plant were collected from Jitpurphedi of Kathmandu, Nepal. The isolated fungi from the infected parts were Septoria lycopersici, Cladosporium oxysporum responsible for leaf spot, Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani responsible for leaf blight, Cladosporium cladosporioides responsible for fruit rot, Leveilulla taurica responsible for powdery mildew and Plasmopara viticola responsible for Downey mildew disease. In the survey period, the highest incidence was found at leaf blight (30.08%) and the lowest at stem rot (4.64%). In the case of severity, the maximum severity was found at Downey mildew (77%) and the minimum was recorded at fruit rot (5.25%).
Factors associated with freqeuncy and severity of COVID-19 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: PEKDİKER Mete , KARA Mete , KOÇ Emrah , KİMYON Gezmiş
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The severe course of COVID-19 in individuals with chronic diseases has led to concerns in the management of rheumatic diseases during the pandemic therefore we aimed to define the factors associated with the frequency and severity of COVID-19 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpa) in this study.

Materials-Methods: Patients with axSpa who were followed up in three tertiary hospitals and used their treatment regularly for at least six months were included. We assessed the relationship between axSpa associated variables such as disease duration time, radiological severity, treatment and COVID-19 outcomes.

Results: A total of 833 patients with a mean disease duration of 109 months were analyzed; 64.5% had ankylosing spondylitis, 35.5% had non-radiographic axSpa diagnosis, and 59.4% of patients were treated with biologic agent . The frequency of COVID-19 was 23% (n: 192); only five pateints (0.5%) had a history of intensive care unit. Advanced age, hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were found to be significantly more common in those with involvement in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (p:0.02, p:0.01, and p
Fiscal Policy Multipliers in Small States
Authors: Lichi Alia , Shibata Ippei , Tanyeri Kadir
Published: March 2023

This paper estimates fiscal policy multipliers for small states using two distinct
models: an empirical forecast error model with data from twenty-three small states
across the world, and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model calibrated
to a hypothetical small state’s economy. We find that, in the short term, multipliers
for government consumption and investment in small states are both about 0.4, on
average, for empirical and DSGE baseline results, and they are affected by imports as a
share of GDP, the level of government debt, and the economy’s position in the business
cycle, among other factors. In the medium to long run, while fiscal policy using
government consumption is ineffective, government investment has a multiplier of about
0.7, on average, for empirical and DSGE baseline results. These results are robust to
different model specifications and characteristics of small states. Inability to affect
GDP using government consumption could be frustrating for policymakers when an
expansionary policy is needed but encouraging when they consider fiscal
consolidation.
Mandatory Helmet Use and the Severity of Motorcycle Accidents: No Brainer?
Authors: Blanco Magdalena , Cabrera José María , Carozzi Felipe , Cid Alejandro
Published: March 2023

We study the impact of mandatory motorcycle helmet use laws on the severity and
volume of road accidents in Uruguay by exploiting a change in the enforcement of the
traffic law. Using a difference-in-differences design based on an unexpected change in
policy, we report a sharp increase in helmet use and a five percentage point reduction
in the incidence of serious or fatal motorcyclist accidents from a baseline of 11
percent. The benefits of helmet use are disproportionately borne by groups more likely
to experience serious injuries, such as males or young drivers. We find no evidence of
other responses in terms of either the volume or type of accident, suggesting that
motorcyclists’ behavior did not respond to differences in risk. We show that additional
costs of enforcement for the relevant government agencies were negligible and estimate
the health benefits of the policy.
Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’
Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform

Authors: Bernal Raquel , Meléndez Marcela , Eslava Marcela , Pinzón Alvaro
Published: March 2023

The 2012 Colombian tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to
health insurance by 13.5 percent, while also increasing corporate income taxes and
leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting
taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under
heated discussion in Latin America. The reform offers an ideal laboratory for studying
empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll
taxes in contrast to other taxes on firms. We analyze the impact of the reform on
employment and wages using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in nonpublic
firms in the country and a difference-in-differences approach that takes advantage of
the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform. We find a positive
average effect of 4.3 percent on employment and 2.7 percent on average firm wages, for
the average firm. The employment effect is found only for micro and small firms, whereas
the bulk of the employment is concentrated in medium and large firms, which show no
significant effect. According to these estimates, about 145,000 new jobs were created
between January and May of 2015 by virtue of the reform. These results are generally
supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, though our findings on employment are
less robust than those on wages, and large firms do not seem to have benefitted. The
apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers is also a source of concern. We
speculate that it may be due to these firms’ being more sensitive to the increase in
corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, but lack of access to
the relevant data prevents us from offering solid evidence regarding this
hypothesis.
JEL Codes: H25, H32
Morphological changes in the liver of rats after administration of chlorpromazine, depending on the dose and duration of administration
Authors: Bailo O. V. , Rykalo N. A.
Published: March 2023

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) remains a widely used drug in psychiatric practice today. The drug has a hepatotoxic effect, but the possible mechanisms of this side effect have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to determine morphological changes in rat liver tissue under chronic toxic effects of chlorpromazine, depending on the dose and duration of its administration. The study was conducted on 60 sexually mature male rats. CPP was administered intragastrically at different doses (3.5, 7.0, 14.0 and 21.0 mg/kg) for 30 and 60 days. The material was fixed in a 10 % solution of neutral formalin (pH 7.2-7.4) for 24-48 hours, then passed through alcohols of increasing concentration and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections (6-7 µm thick) were prepared from the paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuchsin by Van Gieson to determine the degree of fibrotic changes in liver tissue, as well as with Giemsa III to detect fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. The microscopic structure of the hepatic parenchyma was studied using an OLIMPUS BX41 light microscope at 100, 200 and 400x magnification. Morphometric parameters of structural changes were determined using an ocular grid and Image Tulsa 3.6 software. The data were statistically processed by descriptive statistics using the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheet processor. When CPZ was administered in different doses and duration, pathological changes of varying severity developed in the liver tissue of rats. In the liver tissue, signs of intracellular and intra-tubular cholestasis are found mainly in the central lobes, accompanied by focal desquamation and proliferation of the biliary epithelium, formation of small-focal, less frequently zonal necrosis of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration of portal tracts with its spread to the interlobular stroma and parenchyma. Mitotically active binucleated hepatocytes are the key to the reparative process. Periductal fibrosis develops in the portal sections, marginal proliferation of the bile ducts, hepatocytes with signs of granular and/or fatty dystrophy are noted. In the central veins and vessels of the portal areas, moderate initial sclerotic changes were found, signs of their capillarisation in sinusoids, and the endothelium of the vessels had focal destructive changes. In all portal zones, proliferation of bile ducts and formation of bile pseudo-ducts were observed. Thus, the analysis of the morphometric study data showed that within 60 days of CPZ administration there is a significant increase in the relative volume of connective tissue and stromal-parenchymal index due to a significant decrease in the volume of hepatocytes.
POPULATION GROWTH AND REDISTRIBUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE BURDEN BETWEEN SPOTTED SEAL ROOKERIES IN PETER THE GREAT BAY
Authors: Trukhin A.M.
Published: March 2023

The author analyzes the accounting results of spotted seal offspring number in the local population from the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan). The annual growth in the number of spotted seal pups on reproductive rookeries of the Rimsky-Korsakov archipelago islands exceeds 1,000 individuals. On some islands, the density of mature seals during the breeding season has reached a biological optimum, and the offspring number has stabilized. It is observed a steady increase in the pups number on the Bolshoi Pelis and Stenin islands, later integrating in the population reproduction. The reproductive burden on these islands increases from year to year. A general increase in the seal population number for the last quarter of the century has led to the formation of new reproductive rookeries of spotted seals both in Peter the Great Bay and beyond. The study results can be used as a basis for the population long-term monitoring, contributing to its conservation as anthropogenic impact on seals and their habitat ncreases.
Misogyny and the construction of toxic masculinity in the Spanish Manosphere (Burbuja.info)
Authors: Lacalle Charo , Gómez-Morales Beatriz , Vicent-Ibáñez Mireya
Published: March 2023

The anonymity of the Manosphere has provided a fertile breeding ground for the spread of misogyny through increased hate speech on the Internet. In recent years, this virtual space composed mostly of men, has been the subject of numerous studies aimed at identifying the discursive mechanisms of identity constructions that underlie the denigration of women. This paper takes the findings from international research on the subject to address a phenomenon still little explored in Spain through the analysis of misogynistic comments on Burbuja.info. Economic forum. The analysis sample comprises 4,281 messages that include the lexeme “woman” posted over 2.5 years, 761 of which contain expressions that ridicule, disparage, or insult women. Thematic analysis demonstrates the repetition of misogynistic topics and tropes common in the most radical Reddit and 4chan subforums, such as hypergamy, objectification, and the constant disparagement of the world of women, not to mention criticism of feminism, left-wing political parties, and legislation on gender violence. The results obtained show that the “male identity crisis” is narratively constructed in the messages on Burbuja.info using the motif of sacrifice –the cornerstone of a monotypic story in which the purpose of the hero-man-victim’s journey is to punish the villain-woman. Furthermore, we also found that there are different configurations of identity related to attitudes toward women; these match up with the four most prominent masculinist subcultures identified in the leading literature on the subject: Men Rights activists (MRA), Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW), Pickup Artists (PUA), and Involuntary Celibates (Incels).
Avrupa Birliği’nin Rusya’ya Yönelik Yaptırımları: Dış Politika Aracı Olarak Yaptırımlar
Authors: UYGUN Ayşe Gülce
Published: March 2023

Rusya'nın Ukrayna'ya askeri müdahalesi (2022) Avrupa Birliği (AB) açısından sınırlarında bir tehdit ve dolaysıyla kararlı bir tepkiyi gündeminin odağına taşımıştır. Birliğin harekete geçme hızı, ortak hareket etme kararlığı ve söylemleri eyleme dökme kapasitesi alışılagelmişin dışında seyretmiştir. Bu durum, bir taraftan, AB dış politikasındaki çok sesli ve dağınık görünüme vurgu yapanlar açısından beklenmedik bir gelişme olarak görülmekle birlikte, diğer taraftan, AB’nin 2014’ten beri Rusya’ya uyguladığı yaptırımları ve genel yaklaşımını yakından takip edenler için çok şaşırtıcı bulunmamıştır. Ukrayna’ya askeri müdahalesi sonrası Rusya dünyada en çok yaptırım uygulanan devlet konumuna gelmiş, bu süreçte AB Rusya’ya karşı en hızlı, en kapsamlı ve sayıca en fazla yaptırım kararı alan aktörlerden biri olmuştur. 2014 Kırım’ın ilhakı sonrası olumsuz seyreden AB-Rusya ilişkileri ve halihazırda uygulanan kısıtlayıcı önlemler yerini eşi benzeri görülmemiş yaptırımlara bırakmıştır. AB Şubat 2022’den itibaren bir yıl içinde Rusya’ya yönelik on farklı yaptırım paketi açıklamış, bu yaptırımlara Rusya’nın dezenformasyon aktörlerini de eklemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı AB’nin yaptırım rejimini incelemek, yaptırımların hukuki ve kurumsal yapısını ortaya koymak ve motivasyonlarını değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada yaptırımlar Avrupa Birliği’nin dış politika aracı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın odağında dezenformasyon enstrümanları olarak tanımlanan Rusya medya kuruluşlarına yönelik yaptırımlar bulunmakta ve AB’nin bu aktörleri güvenliğine, demokrasiye ve düzenine tehdit olarak algıladığı ve Birlik içinde ve yakın çevresinde istikrarı sağlamanın yöntemlerinden birini Rusya kaynaklı bilgi akışını kısıtlamakta gördüğü iddia edilmektedir.
Campanha Eleitoral em Moçambique: A cobertura jornalística da STV
Authors: Luabo Arcénio Olíndio Luís
Published: March 2023

Examinamos a cobertura Jornalística da campanha eleitoral de 2019 em Moçambique, a partir do telejornalismo da Soico Televisão (STV). São analisados, quantitativamente e qualitativamente, 15 vídeos do Diário de Campanha, no Jornal da STV, correspondente a 30% da programação no período de 45 dias. Pretende-se, com isto, compreender o tempo reservado à cobertura dos quatro candidatos a Presidente da República de Moçambique e dos partidos que os apoiaram, assim como avaliar a cobertura, considerando os princípios de igualdade e justiça, como advoga a lei eleitoral moçambicana. A análise constatou que esses princípios não são respeitados. Cruzados os dados qualitativos e quantitativos, com os resultados das eleições, fica evidente que aqueles com maior tempo de cobertura midiática, venceram as eleições. Sugere-se que se deve supervisionar o processo de cobertura mediática de forma a cumprir as regras estabelecidas para os períodos eleitorais em Moçambique.
De solução renegada a política ‘estrela’: o que levou à emissão de dívida conjunta na UE
Authors: Matos Neves Ana
Published: March 2023

Em 10 anos de crises na União Europeia (UE), as respostas dadas à recessão financeira de 2008 e às consequências económicas da pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020 são diferentes: da austeridade passou-se à solidariedade. Esta mudança de rumo comunitário foi possível porque os Estados-membros, a quem cabe decidir o trajeto das políticas na UE, concordaram com a emissão conjunta de dívida para financiar a recuperação pós-crise da COVID-19, uma solução rejeitada na crise financeira de 2008. Esta investigação visa compreender porque é que isso aconteceu, atentando em “O que mudou em 10 anos de crises na UE para a emissão de dívida conjunta na UE deixar de ser rejeitada pelos Estados-membros para ser vista como uma política ‘estrela’”. Recorrendo à literatura existente sobre o processo de decisão política nas duas crises, a conteúdos mediáticos e a estudos de opinião pública, argumento neste ensaio que, na resposta dada à crise da COVID-19 em contraste com a da anterior recessão, pesaram fatores como a mudança de comportamento dos Estados-membros durante as negociações com o reavivar do eixo franco-alemão em prol de medidas conjuntas; os impactos da pandemia que motivaram mais solidariedade entre os 27; a necessidade de resolver consequências da anterior recessão; os resultados dos anos de austeridade que geraram agitação social, euroceticismo e politização; a prevenção de agravamento do défice democrático na UE; e ainda a influência dos meios de comunicação social à tomada de decisões comuns. A inovação que trago reside na análise da resposta a este fenómeno desconhecido, a crise pandémica, por parte de 27 Estados soberanos que abdicam da sua competência exclusiva na área orçamental para avançar com emissão de dívida conjunta de cariz supranacional, num interesse comum de responder às consequências económicas que contrasta com a resposta intergovernamental dada à anterior recessão. Por ter sido bem-sucedida em termos económicos e por ter sido aceite pela opinião pública, esta é hoje uma política ‘estrela’ na UE.
Optimalisasi Penerapan Komunikasi SBAR saat Serah Terima Pasien antar Shift Keperawatan
Authors: Saragih Ayu My Lestari , Novieastari Enie
Published: March 2023

This study aims to optimize the application of SBAR communication during handovers between nursing shifts. This research method is a case study with a situation analysis. The results showed that the application of SBAR communication was not optimal when handing over patients between nursing shifts. Innovations are developed by making additional recommendations for SBAR SOPs and monitoring and evaluation drafts referring to the literature. A trial of money filling can be carried out. In conclusion, it is necessary to have a supervisor (Karu) whose function is to direct nurses, especially in the implementation of the handover, so that the nurse will carry out the weigh-in following the direction of the head of the room and the SOP that applies in the room regarding the implementation of the handover.

 

Keywords: Head of Room, SBAR Communication, Supervision
Psikoedukasi Keluarga pada Klien dan Caregiver Lansia dengan Hipertensi
Authors: Dwiyantoro Dwiyantoro , Susanti Herni , Mustikasari Mustikasari , Panjaitan Ria Utami , Wardani Ice Yulia
Published: March 2023

This study aims to describe family psychoeducation for elderly clients and caregivers with hypertension. This research method uses a case study method to analyze in-depth the benefits of family psychoeducation for clients and elderly caregivers with hypertension. The results showed that the benefits of providing family psychoeducation impacted clients and caregivers by increasing knowledge from those who did not understand hypertension. To become more understanding about hypertension, caregivers were able to practice dealing with stress and burdens in the family. In conclusion, applying family psychoeducation nursing actions to elderly clients and caregivers with hypertension can increase knowledge about hypertension and assist caregivers in providing care to hypertensive clients in managing stress and family burdens so that caregivers can carry out their activities and roles optimally.

 

Keywords: Caregiver, Hypertension, Elderly, Psychoeducation
Breathing Exercise untuk Meningkatkan Fungsi Respirasi pada Pasien Pasca Pembedahan Abdomen
Authors: Sakti Rizki Paramita , Maria Riri
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effective breathing exercise technique on respiratory function in post-abdominal surgery patients. This research design is a literature study using the search engines Science Direct, EBSCO, Wiley Online, and Clinical Key. The results showed similarities in the interventions applied, namely breathing exercises with various techniques such as deep breathing exercise, coughing activity, balloon blowing exercise, pursed lip exercise, diaphragm breathing exercise, inspiratory muscle exercise, and incentive spirometer volume and flow control exercise. The intervention was performed with a duration of 10 minutes within five days preoperatively and postoperatively. In conclusion, preoperative breathing exercises can improve lung function performance and reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Keywords: Breathing Exercise, Respiratory Function, Post Abdominal Surgery