bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of thermal screening in detection of COVID-19 among truck drivers at Mutukula Land Point of Entry, Uganda
Authors: Nsawotebba Andrew , Ibanda Ivan , Ssewanyana Isaac , Ogwok Patrick , Ocen Francis , Okiira Christopher , Kagirita Atek , Mujuni Dennis , Tugumisirize Didas , Kabugo Joel , Nyombi Abdunoor , Majwala Robert Kaos , Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo , Kalyesubula-Kibuuka Simeon , Ssengooba Willy , Nabadda Susan
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Despite the limited evidence for its effectiveness, thermal screening at points of entry has increasingly become a standard protocol in numerous parts of the globe in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine the effectiveness of thermal screening as a key step in diagnosing COVID-19 in a resource-limited setting.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on a review of body temperature and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 test results records for truck drivers entering Uganda through Mutukula between 15th May and 30th July 2020. All records missing information for body temperature, age, gender, and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 status were excluded from the data set. A data set of 7,181 entries was used to compare thermal screening and Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay test results using the diagnostic statistical test in STATAv15 software. The prevalence of COVID-19 amongst the truck drivers based on Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay results was determined. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive and negative Likelihood ratios were obtained using Xpert Xpress SARS CoV-2 assay as the gold standard.

Results

Based on our gold standard test, the proportion of persons that tested positive for COVID-19 was 6.7% (95% CI: 6.1–7.3). Of the 7,181 persons that were thermally screened, 6,844 (95.3%) were male. The sample median age was 38 years (interquartile range, IQR: 31–45 years). The median body temperature was 36.5°C (IQR: 36.3–36.7) and only n (1.2%) had a body temperature above 37.5°C. The sensitivity and specificity of thermal screening were 9.9% (95% CI: 7.4–13.0) and 99.5% (95% CI: 99.3–99.6) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 57.8 (95% CI: 46.5–68.6) and 93.9 (95% CI: 93.3–94.4) respectively. The positive and negative Likelihood Ratios (LRs) were 19 (95% CI: 12.4–29.1) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.88–0.93) respectively.

Conclusion

In this study population, the use of Thermal screening alone is ineffective in the detection of potential COVID-19 cases at point of entry. We recommend a combination of screening tests or additional testing using highly sensitive molecular diagnostics such as Polymerase Chain Reaction.
The Ayeyarwady River (Myanmar): Washload transport and its global role among rivers in the Anthropocene
Authors: Latrubesse Edgardo M. , Park Edward , Kästner Karl
Published: May 2021

The Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) is the second largest river of Southeast Asia and one of the rivers with the highest load of suspended sediment delivered to the sea in the world. The Ayeyarwady is the lifeline of Myanmar which concentrates the majority of the population and GDP of the country. It is the main way of transport, a source of fluvial aggregates for development projects, hydropower, and the basin plays a major role in food supply and irrigation. Despite the Ayeyarwady ranking amongst the world’s largest rivers and its vital importance to Myanmar, scarce research has been undertaken to understand its morphodynamics and sediment transport regime. Current load estimates still heavily rely on the only systematic study of sediment transport dating back to the 19th century. Here, we provide a novel estimate for the recent washload sediment transport based on a field calibrated remote sensing model of surface suspended sediments concentrations. We show that the Ayeyarwady has likely become the river with the second or third largest delivery of washload to the sea in the world since it has so far been much less affected by damming compared to the vast majority of other rivers.
Validating controlled attenuation parameter in the assessment of hepatic steatosis in living liver donors
Authors: Broering Dieter , Shawkat Mohamed , Albenmousa Ali , Abaalkhail Faisal , Alabbad Saleh , Al-Hamoudi Waleed , Alghamdi Saad , Alqahthani Saleh , Jaafari Ahmad , Troisi Roberto , Bzeizi Khalid
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Hepatic steatosis (HS) negatively impacts transplant outcomes in living liver donors. To date, liver biopsy is preferred for HS evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the measurement of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a diagnostic tool of HS in living liver donors.

Methods

Candidates recruited to this study, conducted from April 2016 to February 2020, were potential donors who had undergone transient elastography using Fibroscan® and CAP measurements at liver segments VI and VII, followed by liver biopsy. The HS grades from liver biopsy were classified as S0 (<5%), S1 (5–33%), S2 (33–66%), and S3 (>66%). For CAP, they were S0 (≤218dB/m), S1 (218-249dB/m)), S2 (250-305dB/m)), and S3 (>305dB/m)). The CAP measurements were compared with the liver biopsy results.

Results

Of the 150 potential donors [male, 73.3%; mean age, 30.0±7.0 years; body mass index (BMI), 24.7±3.5kg/m2], 92 (61.3%) had no or mild HS, while 58 (38.7%) and 10% had moderate to severe HS based on CAP and liver biopsy, respectively. Subjects with moderate to severe HS per CAP were mostly males (0.014), and had higher BMI (p = .006), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (.026), and high-density lipoprotein (.008). On multivariate analysis, high ALT (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.016–1.087; p = .004) was a predictor of significant HS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CAP to detect significant HS were 93.3%, 67.4, 24.1%, and 98.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

The high sensitivity and negative predictive values of CAP make it a good screening test to exclude significant HS in potential living liver donors which, in turn, can help avoid unnecessary liver biopsies.
Trophic ecology of yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) during a marine heat wave off central California, USA
Authors: Chiu Jennifer A. , Bizzarro Joseph J. , Starr Richard M.
Published: May 2021

The yellowtail rockfish,Sebastes flavidus, is a widespread and abundant mesopredator in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. We utilized stomach content and stable isotope analyses to investigate the trophic ecology of this species at three sites off central California just before (August–October 2013) and during (August and October 2014) a marine heat wave.Sebastes flaviduslargely consumed pelagic prey (zooplankton and micronekton). Diets were dominated by tunicates (salps and pyrosomes), pelagic crustaceans (euphausiids, hyperid amphipods, larval decapods), and fishes, with the relative contribution of these prey taxa varying spatially (sample location, longitude, depth) and temporally (year, month), based on complementary multivariate analyses. Prey-specific indices demonstrated that individualS.flavidusdiet composition typically was dominated by one of these prey groups, and that prey switching occurred based on the relative availability of prey and their energetic importance. Stable isotope analysis of δ15N indicated that theS.flaviduspopulations sampled in 2014 had been feeding at an elevated trophic position and more variable prey spectrum relative to 2013, probably as a consequence of greater piscivory and the incorporation of temporal changes in diet composition. Because its opportunistic feeding behavior reflects the dynamism and heterogeneity of the pelagic forage preyscape,S.flavidusmay be an important ecosystem indicator species. For example, the novel incorporation of pyrosomes as a large portion of the diet ofS.flavidusduring 2013–2014 directly related to the massive increase in pyrosome abundance in the California Current during the 2014 marine heat wave.
Nosthetics: Instagram poetry and the convergence of digital media and literature
Authors: Grubnic Tanja
Published: May 2021

This article considers the proliferation of nostalgic aesthetics in Instagram poetry (‘instapoetry’). Though often overlooked, the relationship between the platform and the poetry itself is a vibrant entry point into debates about the handwritten, analogue and vintage styles of instapoetry. Connecting modernist and postmodernist arguments about nostalgia, this article provides a critical and conceptual lens with which to analyse the visual aspects of nostalgic aesthetics – referred to as ‘nosthetics’ – characteristic of instapoetry, investigating how and why the genre impersonates the pre-digital, analogue past. Combining scholarship on platforms, nostalgia and instapoetry shows how the concept of nosthetics can be used as a framework for literary and visual analysis of instapoetry. The theoretical framework proposed recommends three developments for those researching nostalgic aesthetics in instapoetry. First, greater attention should be paid to the platform. Second, engagement with scholarship on popular culture and nostalgia is needed. Finally, it is insightful to return to the notion of space at the heart of Johannes Hofer's original definition of nostalgia.
‘Those Were the Days’: The live televisual revival of the musical and retro family sitcom in the post-network era
Authors: Galvin Kristen
Published: May 2021

Television is historically a generative site for examining media nostalgias. Within the ever-widening landscape of reboots, remakes and revivals across genres and platforms in the post-network era in the United States, an impulse to ‘redo’ live programming on network television has also emerged in the on-going battle for consumer attention. Steadily gaining momentum over the past decade, this article questions the roles that nostalgia plays in structuring the surprising return of fictional event-based television. The evolution of this phenomenon is traced by first examining the wave of live network musical productions (2013–19), followed by the restaging of Norman Lear’s classic sitcoms inLive In Front of a Studio Audience(ABC 2019). Nostalgia’s connection to positive emotion is a powerful marketing tool that is manipulated across industries, and specifically leveraged through airing reperformances of these popular and identifiably nostalgic texts. However, despite reaching new levels of nostalgic indulgence, the live televisual remake opens-up new opportunities for collectivity and critical reflection for viewers in the digital age.
Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities, Joseph Brennan (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Alberto Maria
Published: May 2021

Review of: Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities, Joseph Brennan (ed.) (2019)

Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 296 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60938-671-9, p/bk, AUD 70
Phraseology and the Implementation of Cognitive Grammar in Translation Didactics
Authors: Seel Olaf Immanuel
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to instrumentalize cognitive grammar for translation didactics and to demonstrate its importance for translation trainees as a tool for fostering their cultural competence in and between their working cultures and, thus, for improving their overall translation competence. Methodologically, this will be realized as evidenced by the implementation of cognitive grammar on one particular Greek phraseological unit. In this context, the overarching theoretical point of reference for any translational purvey is functional translation theory. It will be shown that cognitive grammar constitutes a useful conceptual tool to assist and foster translation didactics in dealing with culture-specific elements of the translation trainees’ working languages.
Targeted Teacher Education to Improve Primary Preservice Teachers’ Knowledge and Understanding of UV and Effective Sun Teachers’ Knowledge and Understanding of UV and Effective Sun Protection Measures for Children Protection Measures for Children
Authors:   University of the Sunshine Coast, Scott Joseph J. , Johnston Robyn S. ,   Telethon Kids Institute,   Edith Cowan University, Bear Natasha ,   Natasha Bear Statistics, Gregory Sonia ,   Natasha Bear Statistics, Blane Sally ,   Cancer Council Western Australia, Strickland Mark ,   Cancer Council Western Australia, Darby Jill ,   Edith Cowan University, Gray Elin ,   Edith Cowan University
Published: May 2021

Teachers are responsible for children at school during peak ultraviolet (UV)times of the day. It is paramount that teachers have knowledge and understanding of UV to effectively protect themselves and their students.The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a short intervention on preservice teachers’ sun protective behaviours,knowledge and perceived skill to teach sun safety.Participants (n =161; median age=20 years) attended a45-minute preservice teacher sun safety intervention and completed pre-and post-test surveys.Post-intervention, most participants indicated they felt: i) more informed about the dangers of UV and risks of developing skin cancer (93.3%); ii) more knowledgeable about the importance of sun protection (92%); and iii) more skilled to teach sun safety (87.4%). Our findings indicate that the targeted preservice teacher sun safety education intervention improved understandings of UV,effective sun-protective practices,and their perceived skills to teach sun safety.
Az egészség és a személyiségvonások kapcsolata, pszichoszomatikus rendellenességek
Authors: Szatmári Angelika
Published: May 2021

Az utóbbi évtizedekben hangsúlyossá vált az életmódváltozók, mint kockázati tényezők hatása az egészségre. A növekvő tudományos érdeklődés oka feltehetőleg abban keresendő, hogy az életmódváltozók döntően a személy kontrollja alatt álló és többé-kevésbé módosítható tényezők közé sorolhatók. A férfiak egészségi állapotáról – feltehetőleg a társadalom beállítottsága miatt – kevesebb szó esik hazánkban, mint a nőkéről. A magyar férfiak körében magas a 49­­­­–65 éves kor között bekövetkező időelőtti halálozás, melynek hátterében az átalakuló társadalom krónikus stressz forrásai, és a stressz levezetésére szolgáló rizikómagatartások állnak (Kopp, 2009). Jelentős összefüggést figyeltek meg a személyiségjegyek és a pszichoszomatikus panaszok között. A pszichoszomatikus rendellenességekkel küzdők számára paramedikális tanácsadással, betegvezetéssel kedvezőbb pszichés jóllét biztosítható a professzionális segítők aktív közreműködésével. A páciensek így hatékony, célzott és problémaspecifikus segítségnyújtásban részesülhetnek. Jelen tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy a kezelés időszakában ­lényeges szempont az információk nyújtása. Mindamellett fontos hozzájárulni a beteget érő hatások, betegségével kapcsolatos tapasztalatok, ismeretek feldolgozásához, továbbá a stresszel való adaptív megküzdési stratégiák kialakításához, az egészségmagatartás változók közvetlen vagy közvetett módosításához. Tekintettel a személyiségjegyek és a pszichoszomatikus panaszok közötti kapcsolatra, a személyiségjegyek felmérése megbízható információkat nyújthat az egyének egészségi állapotáról és hozzájárulhat az általános állapotuk teljes megértéséhez, valamint optimális kezelési és támogatási módok kialakításához. Az ellátásában kiemelt szerepet kell biztosítani az egészségügyi ellátók, ápolók, mentálhigiénés szakemberek által nyújtott paramedikális tanácsadásnak.
El libro “Didáctica Matemática Heurística” de Pedro Puig Adam
Authors: Astudillo Maria Teresa González , Valcarce Myriam Codes
Published: May 2021

La obra Didáctica Matemática Heurística constituye un documento que evidencia la gran labor docente del profesor Pedro Puig Adam en España. En este documento analizamos las lecciones desde el punto de vista de la didáctica de la matemática. El contenido matemático de las lecciones se corresponde al bachillerato de la España de mediados del siglo XX. El análisis nos ha permitido redescubrir las lecciones así como desentrañar la orientación didáctica, el uso de materiales didácticos, el papel activo del alumno, así como el conocimiento de las limitaciones de los alumnos y de sus dificultades. Se muestran así tres dimensiones de la lecciones según su autor: instructiva, hermeneútica e histórica.
Calcular con los Cuadernos Rubio. Características y evolución desde 1959
Authors: Gallego Dolores Carrillo , Carrillo Pilar Olivares , Mochon José Francisco Castejón
Published: May 2021

Los cuadernos Rubio son un material escolar que ha tenido gran difusión en España a partir de 1959. En este trabajo se ha utilizado el fondo de cuadernos existente en el Centro de Estudios sobre la Memoria Educativa (CEME) de la Universidad de Murcia. La investigación se centra en los cuadernos de operaciones aritméticas de Rubio, se estudian sus características y su evolución durante los 60 años transcurridos desde su aparición, identificando seis épocas en su comercialización. Se ha constatado la estabilidad de las prácticas de aprendizaje de las operaciones aritméticas, la permanencia de los contenidos entre las épocas 2 a 5, la disminución del número de operaciones propuestas y el aumento de las ilustraciones. También se ha comprobado que, en la renovación de los cuadernos, han influido, sobre todo, los aspectos comerciales y no criterios basados en la Didáctica de las Matemáticas.
Documentos oficiais, pesquisas acadêmicas e práticas pedagógicas na construção da transição entre Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Gonçalves Luciana dos Santos , Rocha Maria Silvia Pinto de Moura Librandi da
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de transição de crianças da Educação Infantil (EI) para o Ensino Fundamental (EF), a partir de documentos oficiais que provêem os sistemas de ensino com diretrizes ao trabalho pedagógico e de investigações científicas sobre o tema. Para tal, realizamos pesquisa documental (analisando 8 documentos produzidos na esfera federal como referenciais para as redes educacionais) e pesquisa bibliográfica (analisando 23 trabalhos científicos, entre artigos, dissertações e teses). Como resultados destacamos que no campo do discurso (legal e acadêmico-científico) reconhece-se a importância de procedimentos para que a transição promova condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento infantil; entretanto, no campo das práticas pedagógicas pouco é concretizado. Conjecturamos como possível fonte desta heterogeneidade o modo de construção dos discursos, marcados por pouca interlocução entre os distintos campos. Destacamos a cristalização dos problemas, já que as análises dos aportes dos dois discursos evidenciam poucas transformações quanto ao que se diz e ao que se faz. Fundamentando-nos na Teoria Histórico-cultural apontamos a relevância de esforços para transformações no panorama descrito, tanto em termos do discurso oficial quanto em termos de futuras pesquisas, realçando que as condições concretas de organização e articulação dos dois segmentos educacionais podem ser mais ou menos mobilizadoras e férteis para o desenvolvimento infantil.
Representações sociais de alunos com distorção idade-série sobre o Ensino Médio noturno
Authors: Pereira Antonio Serafim , Toscan Tainá Silva Candido
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho relata o estudo realizado em uma escola pública estadual do sul catarinense, com o objetivo de compreender as representações sociais do Ensino Médio noturno de alunos em condição de distorção idade-série. Os procedimentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram a entrevista semiestruturada e o grupo focal. Os dados obtidos nos levaram a inferir que a situação econômica vulnerável dos alunos, associada às questões que envolvem o currículo escolar, contribui para a produção do quadro de distorção idade-série. Evidenciamos, nas falas dos estudantes, a representação da escola como via de mobilidade social, centrada na lógica de mercado.
Estudio Descriptivo: Detección del Dolor Músculo - Esquelético y Enfermedades Reumáticas Aplicando el COPCORD en la Población Indígena de Saraguro - Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Pacheco Sergio Vicente , Feicán Alvarado Elsa Astrid , Montaleza Neira María Augusta , Molina Alvarado Gladys Margarita , Delgado Pauta Jorge Antonio , Medina Cevallos Libia Isabel , Morales Quezada Juan Carlos , Peláez Ballestas Ingris
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The COPCORD instrument allows the identification of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain. The aim of this research is to validate and cross-culturally adapt the COPCORD instrument in the indigenous population as a screening test for the detection of these diseases. METHODS: It is a descriptive study, the universe of 210 indigenous people over 18 years residing in Saraguro - Loja, Ecuador. During the period from December 1, 2016 to January 30, 2017. The COPCORD was adjusted to the Spanish language, a transcultural adaptation and validation was made to the context of the indigenous group. The information was entered into the statistical program of Stata Version 11, analyzed: Cronbach's alpha, correlation matrixes with the Spearman test. The variables were correlated with the diagnosis established by the rheumatologist. RESULTS: The average age was 46.1 years, 64.7 % of the female gender, the screening test to detect a rheumatic disease has sensitivity of 92.3 % and specificity of 57.9 %. The internal consistency of the questionnaire presented a dimensionality in the biomechanical load and functional capacity sections; and multidimensionality in the path of musculoskeletal pain and comorbidities. Significant correlations of the COPCORD were observed compared with the rheumatologist's evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: By carrying out the cross-cultural validation and adaptation of the COPCORD questionnaire, its usefulness could be demonstrated as a screening test for the detection of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases in the population of Saraguro.of approach including the laparoscopic approach
Estudio Descriptivo: Niveles de 25 – Hidroxi Vitamina D en la Población que Acude al Servicio de Endocrinología del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Azogues – Ecuador, 2017
Authors: Pérez de Carvelli Omidres de la Consolación , Torres González Álvaro Alexadrs , Espinosa García Odalis
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is considered a hormone, being chemically lipid soluble and is related to immunological, cardiometabolic and cancer diseases. This aim to evaluate the levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D in the patients who attended the endocrinology service. METHODS: This was a retrospective study, taking 122 patients who attended the endocrinology service of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute, during the period during the period from July to September 2017. RESULTS: The average of vitamin D was 23.99 ± 9.12 ng / ml, 22 % of vitamin D in normal range (≥ 30 ng / ml) and 78 % of insufficiency / deficiency (≥ 30 ng / ml). Calcium and parathyroid levels show no correlation with decreases in vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant decrease in the population in the population that went to the Endocrinology service during the period studied, to the direct solar incidence that the inhabitants of the area.
Revisión Bibliográfica: Degeneración Macular Relacionada con la Edad. Prevención y Tratamiento Temprano
Authors: Ávila Heras Katerine Leonor , Carrillo Mora Yadira Karina , Cely Jadan Sofía Nathaly , Arcos Marisa
Published: May 2021

Age-related macular degeneration is one of the diseases that affect the macula in people over 50 years of age, due to the existence of different multifactorial neurodegenerative changes that can lead to the loss of central vision. According to the World Health Organization there is a prevalence of 4 % worldwide; it is related of 7 % of the blindness and 3 %; Clinically it is manifested by two forms, the atrophic or dry and the exudative or wet. It has been shown that foods rich in antioxidants, folic acid and zinc help reduce this disease in early stages. This review aims to update health personnel about the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration.
Evaluación de la Escala de Alvarado versus Score de Respuesta Inflamatoria de la Apendicitis, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga 2018
Authors: Rodas Andrade Jorge Roberto , Urgilés Rivas Marco Vinicio , Ordoñez Cumbe Julio Cesar , Cabrera Abad Karla Marisela , Naulaguari Medina Patricia Piedad
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the main cause of non-traumatic acute abdomen worldwide, it is still a public health issue and the diagnosis can be challenging. When an atypical case is presented, is necessary to use diagnostic scores, like Alvarado Score, Modified Alvarado Score, RIPASA, among others. The aim of this study was to determine the test validity of Inflammatory Response Score versus Alvarado Score, for acute appendicitis diagnosis in 16 year old and older patients. METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, validity test study, to compare AIR Score and Alvarado Score, with the Gold-Standard histopathology results. A sample of 292 patients that went under appendectomy at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga during 2018 was studied. We considered sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (VPN), ROC curve and Likelihood Ratio. RESULTS: 49.7% patients were young adults, 62.7% of the patients were male. Alvarado Score showed a 88.5% sensitivity, 29.6% specificity, PPV of 81.7%, 42.2% NPV, 1.23 LR+ and 0.38 –LR; compared to 94.7% sensitivity, 76.5% specificity, 93.5% PPV, 80.3% NPV, 4.02 +LR, 0.611 -LR for Appendicitis Immflamatory Response Score. ROC curve for AIRS was 0.897, higher than Alvarado Score (0.611); being AIRS a more precise diagnostic test than Alvarado Score. CONCLUSIÓN: AIRS showed higher sensitivity (94.7%) and specificity (76.5%) than Alvarado Score (88.5%, 29.6% respectively). Alvarado Score is sensitive enough for acute appendicitis diagnosis, but not specific enough to exclude the diagnosis. AIRS shows a higher Likelihood Ratio and ROC curve than Alvarado Score, but the posttest probability is low for identifying acute appendicitis cases.
Assessment of urban development pattern and urban sprawl using Shannon’s entropy: A case study of Konya (Turkey)
Authors: Serdaroğlu Sağ Neslihan
Published: May 2021

Defined as the uncontrolled expansion of cities toward their periphery, urban sprawl emerges during urban developments where the urban area grows more than the population increase. Furthermore, land-related demands emerge for the needs regarding settlement and infrastructure due to certain reasons such as the increase in the urban population, industrialization and lifestyle changes. As these demands are met through irregular area use, cities expand toward their peripheral areas more than necessary. Moreover, natural resources and agricultural areas are damaged, infrastructure and transportation costs increase, urban functions get separated, and social and financial issues occur. The problem of urban sprawl is one of the major issues suffered by the global cities in the last decades. For Turkey where approximately 75% of the population live in cities, examining the urban developments and specifying the rate of urban sprawl is critical. This study aimed to assess the case study of urban development and sprawl in Konya (Turkey). It first examined the population and urban area in the urban plans guiding the urban development pattern. Then, the study analyzed the changes the built-up areas underwent for 35 years between 1985 and 2020. As method, satellite images and GIS were used. Moreover, the level of sprawl regarding the urban development in Konya was measured based on Shannon’s Entropy Index. Finally, this study found that Konya was suffering the issue of sprawl, and it emphasized the importance of studies for guiding the activities of urban development in a sustainable manner.
Produção de biodiesel do óleo de amendoim por transesterificação metílica e aplicação da superfície de resposta
Authors: Nunes Roberta Frinhani , Gripa de Paula Danielly Cristina , Martins Marcel Guimarães
Published: May 2021

O biodiesel é uma alternativa de combustível ecologicamente correta e uma fonte de energia renovável. Segundo a Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP), o biodiesel é um combustível composto de alquilésteres de ácidos carboxílicos de cadeia longa, produzidos por transesterificação e/ou esterificação de gorduras de origem vegetal ou animal. O óleo de amendoim apresenta um alto teor de óleo, o que o torna uma matéria-prima promissora na produção do biodiesel. Todavia, devido à alta viscosidade deste óleo, é necessária uma etapa prévia de transesterificação. A transformação química de transesterificação envolve diversos fatores que devem ser otimizados para produção de um biodiesel de maior qualidade. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo do processo de produção de biodiesel por transesterificação metílica em meio básico, seguindo-se um delineamento experimental associado à metodologia de superfície de resposta. Como variáveis independentes foram selecionados dois fatores (razão molar álcool/óleo e temperatura) em função de variáveis respostas que representam a qualidade do biodiesel produzido (índice de acidez, massa específica e viscosidade cinemática), e o desempenho do processo (rendimento mássico). Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria das condições utilizadas resultou na produção de biodiesel com parâmetros de qualidade dentro dos limites especificados pela ANP. Adicionalmente, as análises estatísticas levaram a obtenção de faixas ótimas de razão molar álcool/óleo e de temperatura por meio das quais é possível produzir biodiesel de óleo de amendoim com um rendimento mássico máximo de 90-100 %, correspondentes a 6,7:1 a 8,7:1 e 47 °C a 60°C, respectivamente.
Effect of Basalt Intraply Fiber Hybridization on the Compression Behavior of Filament Wound Composite Pipes
Authors: Özbek Ö. , Bozkurt Ö. Y. , Erkliğ A.
Published: May 2021

The current study deals with the effect of basalt fiber hybridization on the compressive properties of composite pipes reinforced with glass fiber and carbon fiber. Hybrid and non-hybrid fiber reinforced pipes (FRPs) were fabricated through wet filament winding technique. Intraply fiber winding structure in which different fiber types were simultaneously wound at the layer was employed for the hybridization. The FRP samples wound by different fiber winding angles (± (40°), ± (55°), ± (70°)) were prepared in order to gain a better insight on the influence of basalt intraply fiber hybridization. The compression properties of FRP samples were experimentally determined by quasi-static compression tests using external parallel-plates for both the axial and radial directions. The non-hybrid carbon FRP pipes showed the maximum axial compression strength in parallel to the highest strength and lowest ductility of carbon fibers, while the minimum axial compression strength was obtained for the non-hybrid pipes reinforced with basalt fibers that, in comparison, exhibit much less strength and higher ductility. The pipes submitted to the axial compression tests predominantly failed due to the development of cracks and buckling along the fiber direction. While the inclusion of basalt fiber reduced the axial compression behavior of the non-hybrid carbon and glass FRP samples, it improved that behavior in the radial compression tests. Delamination was determined as the major failure mode for the damaged FRPs under radial compression. It is found that the incorporation of basalt fiber provides improvements in radial compression properties as opposed to axial compression properties and in the same manner the increment in fiber winding angle makes a positive contribution to radial compression properties.
Conductive and Edge Retaining Embedding Compounds: Influence of Graphite Content in Compounds on Specimen’s SEM and EBSD Performance
Authors: Rojacz H. , Premauer M. , Nevosad A.
Published: May 2021

Since marginal sharpness is often an issue in metallographic samples preparation, various mounting compounds are commercially available which address these issues. Nevertheless, the conductivity of such products is not sufficient for electron backscatter diffraction measurements (EBSD) and products which are electrically conductive often result in a lack of marginal sharpness. Therefore, this study is focussed on the modification of commercially available embedding compounds (epoxy based and phenolic based hot embedding compounds) with graphite to increase their electrical conductivity. To verify the applicability of the modified embedding compounds, the austenitic steel grade 1.4301 was chosen for investigation via scanning electron microscopy and EBSD. Results indicate a good performance during SEM-investigations of the epoxy-based resins, even at 0 wt.-% graphite contents, whereas the phenolic resin-based embedding compound is only applicable for SEM-investigation > wt.-5 % of graphite. Best performance at EBSD measurements were achieved with phenolic resin based hot mounting compounds with glass fibres and an addition > 10 wt.-% graphite.
Atom Probe Tomography of the Oxide Layer of an Austenitic Stainless CrMnN-Steel
Authors: Monschein S. , Schnitzer R. , Fluch R. , Turk C. , Hofer C.
Published: May 2021

This work aimed at developing a methodology for examining the naturally grown passive layer of a thickness of just a few nanometers of an austenitic CrMnN steel by means of atom probe tomography and gaining knowledge on the structure of this alloy’s passive layer. The sample surface was ground, polished, cleaned, degreased, electrolytically polished, and oxidized in air to produce a reproducible passive layer. The oxide layer was subsequently coated with a silver layer of a thickness of 3 μm. The silver layer protects the oxide layer during the preparation of the atom probe tips in the focused ion beam microscope and the alignment of the tip in the atom probe. The samples were measured in the atom probe’s pulsed-voltage mode. The findings show that an enrichment of oxygen, molybdenum, nitrogen, and chromium and a depletion of manganese, nickel, and iron occur in the area of the passive layer.
Treatment with somatostatin analogues and PRRT in metastatic middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features
Authors: Lima Ferreira Joana , Marques Bernardo , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt C Willemien , de Herder Wouter W , Brabander Tessa , Hofland Johannes
Published: May 2021

Middle ear adenomas with neuroendocrine features (ANEF) are rare, with an estimated 150 reported cases. They usually pursue an indolent clinical course. Four reported cases of middle ear ANEF with distant metastases were treated with surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy. To date, no successful systemic treatment for malignant behaviour of this rare tumour has been reported. Long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have been used in well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), but their use has never been described in cases of metastatic middle ear ANEF. We report two patients with grade 1 middle ear ANEF treated with surgery and EBRT. They had stable disease for several years, until clinical symptoms appeared and extensive metastases were detected on 68Ga-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) PET/CT. Treatment with long-acting SSA was started, with stable disease for 1 year. Afterwards, despite undergoing local treatments, both patients presented progressive disease. Due to high-uptake metastases at 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, both cases underwent four cycles of PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE, which secured disease control and improvement of quality of life in both. Similar to other well-differentiated NETs, SSA and PRRT could constitute efficacious therapeutic options in metastatic middle ear ANEF. Its neuroendocrine differentiation, potential to metastasize and somatostatin receptor type 2 expression prompt consideration and management of this disease as a neuroendocrine neoplasm.

Learning points

Our cases oppose the 2017 WHO classification of middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features as a benign disease.

This entity warrants long-term follow-up, as local recurrence or persistence of disease is reported in up to 18% of surgically treated patients.

PET/CT scan with 68Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues (SSA) can be used for staging of metastatic middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features.

Unlabelled SSA and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabelled SSA can be the first systemic therapeutic options for patients with advanced middle ear adenoma with neuroendocrine features.
Serial assessments of anterior pituitary hormones in a case of mixed histiocytosis representing Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping with Erdheim–Chester disease
Authors: Ito Kei , Ito Jun , Yamamoto Yuki , Nakajima Rikako , Fujii Masanao , Katakura Yukino , Muramatsu Aiko , Takayashiki Norio , Toyama Kazuhiro , Kurokawa Mineo , Yagyu Hiroaki
Published: May 2021

A 61-year-old man developed central diabetes insipidus caused by mixed histiocytosis (MH) representing Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping with Erdheim–Chester disease. Bone, skin, vascular, and retroperitoneal involvements were also observed. Dynamic hormonal testing showed normal responses for anterior pituitary hormones, except for impaired secretion of growth hormone (GH). MRI of the brain showed thickening of the pituitary stalk with slightly reduced signal hyperintensity in the posterior pituitary lobe on T1-weighted imaging. During 2 years of follow-up without radical treatment for MH, imaging studies suggested extension of vascular and retroperitoneal involvements. In contrast, brain MRI did not show any particular interval changes, except for the disappearance of hyperintense signalling in the posterior pituitary lobe. Moreover, no other anterior pituitary dysfunctions beyond GH deficiency emerged during the 2 years of follow-up. The natural history of MH in this case is described, focusing on serial assessments of pituitary functions using dynamic tests.

Learning points

Erdheim–Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis overlapping as MH was described, focusing on pituitary functions.

MH caused both GH deficiency and central diabetes insipidus.

Despite a lack of radical therapy for MH, no other anterior pituitary dysfunctions emerged for 2 years.

Radiological images showed no particular interval changes in pituitary stalk lesions, while vascular and retroperitoneal involvements extended.
Functional assessment system for unmanned aerial navigation systems from the quality of information
Authors: Serna Leonardo , Grajales-Bustamante JD , Becerra Miguel
Published: May 2021

Unmanned aerial navigation systems are not used in many military and non-military applications. However, these systems are susceptible be operated by hackers partially or completely. Therefore, in this article based on the JDL model for safety assessment of the drone’s framework it is proposed. Metrics for each level of the merger in conjunction with a mapping system in order to determine the dependence of data between different levels are proposed, considering the contextual user ratings.
Nanocellulose from rice husk following alkaline treatment to remove silica
Authors: Ludueña Leandro , Fasce Diana , Alvarez Vera. A. , Stefani Pablo M.
Published: May 2021

The present work deals with the use of multiple-step procedures to obtain valuable sub-products, including nanocellulose, from rice husk. Each sub-product was characterized after every step by analyzing the chemical composition (mainly based on thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, and X-ray diffraction) and morphology (using visual observations and scanning electron microscopy). The results clearly showed that the selected procedure gave the possibility to separate silica in the first step and then to purify the resultant material, leading to nanocellulose production. All acquired sub-products can be used as additives and fillers in a very wide range of applications. The obtained results will be useful both from technological and academic points of view, mainly for people working in the field of biocomposites. The final material could give added value to a raw biomass material source such as rice husk.
Pengaruh Socio-cultural Influences dan Self-Compassion terhadap Apresiasi Tubuh Wanita: Social Appearance Comparison sebagai Mediator
Authors: Rahardjo Imanurul Aisha , Takwin Bagus , Oriza Imelda Ika Dian
Published: May 2021

Self-image in general is an important part of humans. Having an ideal body shape according to the perceptions and norms that develop in society is usually a standard condition to be considered to be attractive. Self-image view is closely related to body image; mental picture of a person, cognitive and emotional assessments of himself, and approximately other people's judgments about the shape and size of his body. A positive body image is a multifaceted construct that is not simple so that it is not only a target of self-criticism but also an attitude of respect and self-acceptance which is called body appreciation. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of sociocultural influences and self-compassion on individual body appreciation and the presumption of the role of social appearance comparison variables as mediators between self-compassion and body appreciation. Participant were individuals aged 20-40 years consisting of 84 women. This research was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis, self-compassion contributed 21.7% to body appreciation and the proof of social appearance comparison mediated partially the relationship between self-compassion and body appreciation.
Coverage effect on hardening of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.) micropropagated plants
Authors: Suarez Padron Isidro Elias , Pico Vellojin Diego , Lopez Diaz Claudia Marcela
Published: May 2021

To evaluate the effect of plastic film coverage on ex vitro acclimatization of arrow cane (Gynerium sagitatum Aubl.), shoots of “Criolla”,  Martinera” and “Costera” cultivars were in vitro micropropagated in a medium supplied with 6-Benzylaminopurine and half of them were rooted in a medium with 1-Naphtalene acetic acid. Rooted and unrooted shoots were transplanted in a shade house with fog irrigation, into plastic trays (72 clusters per tray), using peat as substrate and half of them was covered with translucent plastic film during 5 days after transplant while the other half was maintained uncovered. The experiment consisted of a three-way factorial arrangement with 12 treatments distributed with a split-plot design where tray coverage was the main plot, cultivars were the split, and rooting condition was the split-plot. Each treatment (36 clusters) was repeated three times for a total of 1296 experimental units. After 40 days in the shade house, the survival rate was calculated, and plant heigth, number of shoots and number of roots data were analyzed by ANOVA (P<0.05) and means were separated by Tukey test (P<0.05). Plant survival was complete (100%) regardless of genotype, rooting, or coverage condition. Transferring plant into uncovered trays statistically resulted in higher levels for plant height, number of shoots, and number of roots. Ex vitro adaptation of micropropagated arrow cane plants without plastic film covers increased plant growth and reduced labor.
Cadmium in soil and cacao beans of Peruvian and South American origin
Authors: Florida Rofner Nelino
Published: May 2021

Cadmium tends to bioaccumulate in different parts of cacao plant and its consumption can lead to serious health complications; due to this, the European Union (EU) established limits for tolerable concentrations of cadmium in cacao products as a preventive measure, which took effect as of January 2019. In South America and Peru, a sustained growth in cacao production has been recorded over the last 10 years, but scientific studies reveal that in some areas the cadmium levels of the soil and cacao beans exceed those established by the EU, thus, jeopardizing marketing and export possibilities to the EU. With this in mind, the purpose of this review was to compile information on the cadmium that is available in the soil, its accumulation in cacao beans, and the advances in treatment technologies; as well as to analyze the potential effects this has on cacao exports of South American origin, using Peru as a case analysis.
Effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid, putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on stem cuttings of the rootstock GF677(Prunus amygdalus × Prunus persica) according to the cutting season
Authors: Kordzadeh Sina , Sarikhani Hassan
Published: May 2021

The rootstock GF677 is an interspecific hybrid with an important economic and horticultural value. In this research, the effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) in combination with putrescine (Put) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on rooting of GF677 semi-hardwood stem cuttings in three cutting seasons (July, March and October) was investigated. Treatments as IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1), Put (0, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg L-1) and H2O2 (1.5, 3 and 6% w/v) were included. The results showed that in July cuttings, the highest levels of callogenesis were observed in IBA treated cuttings in both concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L-1. The rooting was very low in July cuttings, while the highest percentage of rooting (14%) was observed in the combination of 2000 mg L-1 IBA+ 3% H2O2. In March, the cuttings treated by 1000 mg L-1 IBA+800 mg L-1 Put and 1000 mg L-1 IBA+1600 mg L-1 Put revealed the highest percentages of callus formation 83.31 and 83.33%, respectively. In these cuttings, the highest percentage of rooting (63.88%) was gained at 2000 mg L-1 IBA+3200 mg L-1 Put. The application of 1000 mg L-1 IBA+800 mg L-1 Put increased root fresh weight. In cuttings prepared in October, only 800 mg L-1 Put caused callus formation in more than 55% of the cuttings. The rooting of cuttings at this time was as low as the July cuttings, whereas the highest rooting percentage was observed in cuttings treated with IBA at a concentration of 1000 mg L-1. Overall, the experiment showed that the season of the cutting and the treatments with IBA+Put or H2O2 could improve rooting properties of the rootstock GF677.
ENTRE O CIRCO E A ESCOLA, UM FILME: UM OLHAR, UMA INFÂNCIA EM “JONAS E O CIRCO SEM LONA”
Authors: Teixeira Sara Reis , Melo Marcos Ribeiro de , Vasconcelos Michele de Freitas Faria de
Published: May 2021

Por meio do encontro com o filme Jonas e o circo sem lona (2015), uma desaprendizagem do olhar a infância coincide com a problematização de saberes envolvidos na pedagogização da infância, na generificação dos corpos e na politização da maternidade. Nesse sentido, foi utilizado o cinema como campo de produção de dados desenvolvido a partir de uma etnocartografia de tela. Assim, foi possível transver a infância como um posicionar-se intensivo no mundo em agenciamento com a pluralidade heterogênea de práticas que a compõem