bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEITO ESCOLA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: OBSERVAÇÕES A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA BOURDIEUSIANA
Authors: Menezes Daniel Teixeira de , Moraes Joysi , Dias Bruno Francisco Batista
Published: August 2020

O artigo apresenta uma análise do efeito escola das escolas públicas brasileiras da educação básica à luz da abordagem crítico-reprodutivista de Bourdieu. A característica essencial da abordagem do efeito escola é que a unidade de análise é a escola; não o estudante, individualmente. A escola deve ser analisada pelos seus resultados contextualizados, identificando o quanto acrescenta ao aprendizado dos estudantes, considerando seu ponto de partida. Foi utilizada a Análise Envoltória de Dados que permite identificar como a organização dos recursos pode influenciar os resultados de unidades que trabalham com os mesmos tipos de entrada e saída. Os resultados, analisados sob a perspectiva bourdieusiana, indicam que, quando se considera o ponto de partida de cada organização escolar, escolas em contextos socioeconômicos mais desfavorecidos podem apresentar eficiência similar ou até superior a unidades em contexto mais favorecidos, o que permite observar lacunas na perspectiva de Bourdieu que podem ser objetos de reflexão futuras.
SUMAK KAWSAY / SUMA QAMAÑA: HORIZONTES ALTERNATIVOS DE SOCIEDAD Y CULTURA DESDE LOS IMAGINARIOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS ANDINOS
Authors: Crespo Carlos , Jefferson de Oliveira Bernardo
Published: August 2020

Adinâmica sociopolítica da 'refundação dos Estados' vivenciada na Bolívia e no Equador durante a primeira década do século XXI atesta importantes transformações nas perspectivas educacionais.A partir de um paradigma alternativo ao modelo ocidental de desenvolvimento derivado do imaginário de povos indígenas andinos –que no Equador é expresso como “Bom Viver” (Sumak Kawsay) e na Bolívia como “Viver Bem” (Suma Qamaña)-a educação adquiriu novos sentidos e funções. Esses pensamentos entraram no debate público e foram incorporados nas novas constituições do Equador (2008) e Bolívia (2009) e em suas politicas educacionais. Este artigo enfoca as origens e fundamentos dessas concepções. Procuramos analisar seus significados e interpretações no debate sobre perspectivas decoloniais na América Latina.

Palavras-chave: “Bom Viver”/Viver Bem” .Educação.Povos Indígenas. Equador –Bolívia.
UM ESTUDO DE CASO DE ALUNAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA NEOMOTORA: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUA VIVÊNCIA ESCOLAR EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO REGULAR NA ÓTICA DE SEUS PROFESSORES
Authors: Marques Stela , Cangussu Luciene
Published: August 2020

O trabalho aqui apresentado busca compreender como é a vida escolar de duas alunas com deficiência neuromotora, ótica dos profissionais da educação que as acompanham diariamente em uma escola da rede municipal da cidade de Esmeraldas, em Minas Gerais. A escolha do tema se deu pelo interesse em compreender como os educadores do Ensino Fundamental I enfrentam os desafios de trabalhar com alunas com necessidades educacionais especiais, sendo que uma apresentava sequelas de mielomeningocele, e a outra, sequelas de hipóxia perinatal. Para realização deste estudo foram feitas inúmeras leituras, observações e entrevistas. Foram selecionadas as profissionais da educação que mantinham contato mais próximo com estas alunas. Percebeu-se, com este estudo, o despreparo e a insegurança das profissionais em trabalhar com crianças com este tipo de limitações, assim como também foi possível perceber a “exclusão” das mesmas em um ambiente que deveria ser de todos.
PERCURSOS HISTÓRICOS DAS RECONFIGURAÇÕES MUSEAIS AO ENCONTRO DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO DECOLONIAL
Authors: Prudente Marcelo , Pícaro Cerigatto Mariana , Tavares de Jesus Edirani
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo se propõe a acompanhar parte das quebras de paradigmas e percepções sociais desde os primeiros museus, e seu conceito eurocêntrico e colecionista, distante da pluralidade atual, até as discussões sobre a relevância enquanto espaço público representativo da cultura afro-brasileira tendo o papel decolonial enquanto espaço não-formal de aprendizagem, aparelhos culturais esses, por vezes, perdidos no anacronismo conservador de um formato que não dialoga com os sujeitos que se propõe a refletir. A investigação utiliza da revisão narrativa de literatura como aporte metodológico, embasada em autores da área da história da museologia, da identidade cultural afro-brasileira e da educação patrimonial. Diante disso, o resultado obtido no estudo possibilitou desenhar reflexões para uma reconfiguração dos espaços museais que permitam, quando concebido criticamente, ter na sua potencialidade transformadora a oportunidade de reparar apagamentos históricos por meio de ações para visibilidade de uma diversidade cultural que realmente represente a sociedade do seu tempo.
PRENDENDO PELO ESTÔMAGO: COMIDA, EROTISMO, PRISÃO, PODER E SABER
Authors: Vieira da Silva Josaniel , De Faria e Azevedo Ana Lúcia
Published: August 2020

O texto resulta da análise de uma obra cinematográfica que aborda dentre outros aspectos áridos da nossa sociedade, a pobreza, a exploração do trabalho, o desperdício do potencial humano e as suas relações com a condição dos encarcerados no Brasil. Por meio da metodologia de Análise de Filmes (PENAFRIA, 2020; VAYONE, 2006) o trabalho descreve, contextualiza e interpreta o filme Estômago (2007). Essa comédia conta as guinadas da trajetória de Raimundo Nonato, migrante pobre nordestino que muda sua forma de ser e viver ao aprender os segredos da gastronomia em São Paulo. Além de refletir sobre a relação saber/poder e os processos de construção de identidade de pessoas encarceradas na sociedade atual, nas perspectivas teóricas de Michel Foucault (1989; 2009) e Erving Goffman (1974), o artigo ainda ressalta o uso inteligente e criativo dos recursos fílmicos e destaca a instigante negação do maniqueísmo na abordagem dos complexos temas presentes na obra.

Palavras-chave: Cinema brasileiro; saber; poder; prisão; comida
"ATÉ O SOL TORNA-SE QUADRADO" A PROPÓSITO DO LIVRO DE MARIA SALETE VAN DER POEL, VIDAS APRISIONADAS: RELATOS DE UMA PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA (POEL, 2018)
Authors: Oliveira Valeska Maria Fortes de , Nóvoa António
Published: August 2020

O livro Vidas Aprisionadas é, acima de tudo, o registro da vida extraordinária da sua autora, Maria Salete van der Poel. Em todos os capítulos, é a sua história de “educadora popular militante transgressora” (POEL, 2019a, s/p), como ela própria se define, que nos é contada e apresentada – quando se refere à situação da educação no Brasil, ou às condições dos presídios, ou às práticas educativas em situação penitenciária, ou às histórias de vida dos presos...
O impacto do suporte organizacional percebido, do empoderamento psicológico e da interação líder-liderado no comprometimento organizacional: um estudo em instituições bancárias privadas
Authors: De Freitas Morgana Monica Pereira , Vieira Paulo Roberto da Costa
Published: August 2020

O ambiente bancário brasileiro é reconhecidamente competitivo e estressante e, portanto, potencialmente danoso à saúde. O que se pretende neste trabalho é avaliar como os funcionários percebem a valorização de suas contribuições e o cuidado por seu bem-estar, o senso de controle no desempenho das funções e a qualidade dos relacionamentos entre os diferentes níveis hierárquicos e em que medida estas percepções impactam as atitude no trabalho e os laços que unem funcionários e empresas. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio da coleta de informações com aplicação de questionários, análise de dados estatísticos por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais fundamentada em mínimos quadrados parciais e  processamento com o auxílio do programa WARP PLS 6.0.
Problem-based learning no ensino em Administração: o caso da Empresa Simulada no IFRS Campus Osório
Authors: Gemelli Catia Eli , Almeida Migowski Sérgio , Da Silva Renz Cintia Lisiane , Santos Twardowski Pinto Flavia , Lamas de Souza Nelisa
Published: August 2020

Proporcionar uma formação pautada na autonomia e uma aprendizagem que aproxima os/as discentes dos problemas encontrados durante a prática profissional são desafios crescentes das instituições de ensino profissional. Os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) baseiam-se no princípio educativo do trabalho e da pesquisa, e promulgam um ensino profissional crítico e emancipatório. Diante disto, este estudo teve como finalidade relatar e analisar a experiência de aplicação de uma metodologia ativa de ensino desenvolvida nos cursos de Tecnologia em Processos Gerenciais e Técnico em Panificação do IFRS Campus Osório. Utilizando-se dos conceitos de problem-based learning (PBL), constituiu-se uma Empresa Simulada como ação pedagógica curricular para a produção e comercialização de alimentos. Os resultados foram coletados por meio da observação participante e da análise documental dos relatórios finais entregues ao final da ação. A partir das análises, conclui-se que atividades práticas são fundamentais para a promoção da interdisciplinariedade e para o desenvolvimento de habilidades profissionais. O compartilhamento de conhecimentos foi verificado em todas as dimensões: entre discentes, entre docentes e discentes e, também, entre os/as docentes, visto que seus escopos de atuação eram de diferentes naturezas.
Inovação Tecnológica na Administração Pública Municipal
Authors: Santos Jaedson Gomes dos , Melo Francymonni Yasmim Marques de
Published: August 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca da relevância e dos desafios na implantação das novas tecnologias para a administração pública em âmbito municipal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza exploratória, sobre o sistema de controle de informações adotado pela Prefeitura do Natal/RN, sendo esta adoção ainda recente durante a realização do estudo. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores chave envolvidos no processo de desenho/criação/formulação e implementação desta ferramenta gerencial. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que havia uma necessidade de modernização da gestão informacional para tomada de decisão entre as secretarias do município, além de uma necessidade associada de redução de custos que motivou a adoção da ferramenta. Apesar da percepção de que o sistema tem produzido uma resposta significativa em relação aos objetivos propostos, os atores entrevistados também indicaram haver barreiras de cunho organizacional e institucional, na forma como os funcionários passam a ter que alterar suas rotinas e procedimentos para trabalhar com esta inovação.
De pai para filho: o consumo conspícuo no ato de presentear
Authors: Moraes Thiago , Abreu Nelsio Rodrigues de , Serafim Monalisa da Costa , Gonçalves Gabriel Freitas
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi, por meio dos discursos de pais de crianças de até 12 anos de idade, entender como se dá a transmissão do comportamento de consumo conspícuo para seus filhos. Aqui, o consumo é encarado como uma forma de aprendizado cultural representado pelo ato de presentear acontecido de pais para filhos e suas simbologias, pois para esta pesquisa é nesse contexto que aquela transmissão é analisada. Foram entrevistados 19 pais e mães durante os meses de agosto e novembro de 2019, e os resultados apontam para o ato de presentear como um aspecto educacional, de felicidade e bem-estar e, também, como uma forma compensatória parental onde aos filhos são dadas oportunidades que os pais não tiveram na infância.
Atores, Instituições e Ideias
Authors: Souza Larissa Sabino de , Gomes Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2020

O artigo testa a capacidade explicativa de três modelos de análise de políticas públicas para o entendimento da aprovação do gasto de 10% do PIB em educação durante a tramitação do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) 2014-2024. Os modelos pluralista e neoinstitucional observam principalmente a arena decisória e seus atores ao passo que o de múltiplos fluxos foca na entrada do problema na agenda governamental a partir de seu contexto político. Trata-se de um caso interessante, pois houve um longo processo de discussão, que refletiu a disputa de propostas por diferentes atores sociais e políticos, inclusive o governo. Tendo em vista que a definição de um patamar com base no PIB era uma demanda antiga da comunidade de políticas educacionais e que já havia sido rejeitada anteriormente, a pergunta central do artigo é: como foi possível aprovar os 10% do PIB em educação? Ao mobilizar categorias analíticas dos três modelos teóricos, argumenta-se que há ganhos de explicação, pois iluminam-se aspectos diferentes do processo.
Degradation of Anthracene by Immobilizing Laccase From Trametes Versicolor onto Chitosan Beads and Hyacinth Plant
Authors: Taha Ali A. , Hameed Nahida J. , Ali Farah Hamed
Published: August 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds, and their pollution of soil and aquifer is of increasing environmentally risk. Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are phenoloxidases catalyze the oxidation of PAHs in the presence of a mediator compound and hyacinth plant. In this study laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized into chitosan, and the potential to oxidize anthracene in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) was examined. Results indicated that the immobilization enhanced the stability of laccase against temperature, pH, inhibitors and loading time compared with the other cases. The immobilized laccase-mediator system was as efficient as the free enzyme for oxidizing the tested PAHs. After 24h. of incubation, immobilized laccase–HBT showed a system oxidization more than immobilized laccase without (HBT) of PAHs; Chitosan with hyacinth plant and (HBT) resulted better conversion than chitosan with or without HBT. These results indicate a new chance for applying the immobilized laccase in bioremediation.
Propose a new approach for key generation based on Chicken Swarm Optimization and HTML Parser
Authors: Malalla Suhad , Ali Ayat Hadi
Published: August 2020

The random key plays a basic role in the design of any cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, a proposed model for generating a random key is presented, which will be used for security purposes. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) and HTML parser are used for scattering the bits of the key. The statistical tests of randomness have given good and acceptable security results. The proposed key generation method was programmed by JavaScript language.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Biosynthesis of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rasheed Aminah Muwafaq , Al-Shammary Hamdia Hatem
Published: August 2020

The present study was carried out by the formation of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) using a plant extract from the seeds of Coriandrum sativum for the biosynthesis of Ag2O NPs from silver nitrate solution. Data was characterized using furrier transform infrared radiation FTIR, X-ray diffraction XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated a successful creation of nanoparticles of Ag2O. FTIR spectra showed a band around (501.49 cm-1), corresponding to the double bond of oxygen of Ag2O and XRD pattern identified the appearance of Ag2O nanoparticles, where six strong peaks were observed at 2θ (32,38, 46, 56,65and 75°) related to Ag2O compared with the reference [11], and that indicated to the formation of these particles. Images of AFM showed Ag2O NPs with an average diameter of (57.31 nm) and SEM indicated a distribution of cubic shape of Ag2O NPs. In addition, the order of reaction was pseudo-first-order. The value of activation energy, enthalpy, the change in entropy and Gipps free energy has calculated. The value of activation energy was (+1.37j\ mol), the value of enthalpy (-1.371 j\mol), the negative value of enthalpy was heat emission. The value of entropy was (+56.53 j\mol) and the value of Gipps free energy was (-3.957 J\mol). In this study, silver oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the bio-synthesis method. The diameter of this particles was (57.31) nm. The kinetics and thermodynamic of this reaction were studied and proved by a chemical equation.
Optical Response of GaAs0.75Sb0.25 Nanosheet for Dependent Pressure
Authors: Othman Mazin Sherzad
Published: August 2020

The study analyzed the optical response of GaAs0.75Sb0.25 nanosheet under high pressure. It is the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) was employed by means of a simulation program, which is called CASTEP. Under different pressure (P = 0, 2, and 4 GPa). Geometry optimized parameters were calculated for the nanosheet. The optical data alter in accordance with high pressure. The increase of pressure in the nanosheet led to a rise in p = 4 GPa and a decline in p = 2 GPa of the optical energy band gap, the static dielectric constant
A Study on Actinorhodin-like Substance Production by Streptomyces IQ45
Authors: Taher Nehad A. , Husen Ansam S. , Mahmood Zahraa Sh. , Shanior Ghanyia J.
Published: August 2020

Production of pH-pigment (actinorhodin – like substance) was ascertained from ten Streptomyses isolates. Streptomyses IQ45 isolate was only isolated which produced pH- sensitive pigment. The production of pH-sensitive pigment was detected by fuming over ammonia. After extraction of this antibiotic, a number of physiocochemical characterizations were carried out which involved (IR, UV, MP, CHN-analysis, and solubility test). Indicated that this antibiotic is an actinorhodin-like substance. TLC of the extracted substance showed a single spot with Rf value equivalent to (0.26) which was close to that of actinorhodin.These antibiotics showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus similar to that of actinorhodin produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). The productivity of this antibiotics was (45 mg/L) at pH 8.5 and (40 mg/L) at pH 7 from the mycelial mat and (10 mg/L) when extracted from the liquid medium at pH7.
Methods for improving the results of using a synthetic prosthesis in the popliteal-tibial segment in critical limb ischemia
Authors: Matyushkin Andrey A. , Lobachev Alexey A.
Published: August 2020

Aim. Analysis of immediate and long-term results of using a synthetic prosthesis for femoral-distal-popliteal and tibial bypass grafting in patients with critical lower limb ischemia.
Materials and Methods. Patients with symptoms of chronic arterial ischemia of the lower extremities in the stage of critical ischemia (n = 109) were operated at the university surgical clinic on the base of D.D. Pletnev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, in the period from 2009 to 2017. All the patients underwent the operation of femoral-distal popliteal or femoral-tibial bypass grafting using a synthetic explant (PTFE). Shunting with a synthetic prosthesis was performed in 33 (30.3%) patients, and in 76 (69.7%) cases a combination of an explant with a section of autovein was used in the form of a combined shunt in 44 patients (40.4%) (synthetic prosthesis + autovein) or a patch- or cuff plasty of distal anastomosis in 32 patients (29.3 %). In 14 (12.8%) patients of both groups, the intervention was supplemented by intraoperative balloon angioplasty of the lower leg arteries. Long-term results were evaluated within the period up to 5 years after surgery. Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis was used for the calculation of results.
Results. The cumulative 5-year patency of the synthetic prosthesis was 42.9%. However, use of the prosthesis in combination with the autovein section in the form of a combined shunt or plastic surgery of the distal anastomosis significantly improved the values of cumulative patency (54.5%) and limb retention (83.6%).
Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the use of a synthetic prosthesis in combination with an autovenous plastic surgery of a distal anastomosis or by combining a prosthesis with a small section of an autovein in the absence of a complete autovein. Regular monitoring of such shunts in the long-term period and timely follow-up interventions are necessary for improving long-term results.
Disadaptive genetic-evolutionary processes in human populations of industrial cities
Authors: Artemenkov Aleksey A.
Published: August 2020

Aim. Generalization of literature and proprietary data on genetic-physiological and evolutionary processes occurring in human populations in environmentally neglected industrial cities.
In the review information is given about damage to the genetic apparatus of cells of a human organism under influence of unfavorable environmental factors and disadaptations of different genesis. To denote the totality of alterations induced by the given exposure, a new term is introduced genetics of disadaptations. The information of mutagenic factors of the environment of industrial cities associated with growth of oncological diseases and of malformations resulting from chromosomal aberrations in cells is generalized. The problem of genetic burden of human populations in environmentally neglected territories and of the influence of disadaptive factors on this process is discussed. Information of the ecological situation and morbidity of the population in Cherepovets industrial city is given. A role of disadaptations in genetic-evolutionary processes occurring in human populations is shown. The cause of different manifestations of disadaptation in the population is stated to be divergence of traits. A hypothesis is proposed and evidences are given in favor of the existence of natural selection for a disadaptive trait in human populations. It is suggested that being accumulated in a human organism, disadaptive disorders may be transmitted to the next generations reducing vital ability of organisms and inducing different diseases.
Conclusion. Within the topic, examples of different prophylactic measures for improving the health of the population of industrial cities are given to prevent unfavorable alterations of human genome under the influence of unfavorable ecological and related disadaptive factors.
Adult-Onset Severe Hypocalcemia Due Defect in Parathyroid Calcium-Sensing Receptors
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha
Published: August 2020

Parathyroidectomy, of the 4 glands, with/without thyroidectomy is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism. Autoimmunity is a rare etiology, either as an isolated endocrinopathy or as a component of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1 (APS 1). In this case report; we describe a patient with an adult-onset hypoparathyroidism and discuss its pathophysiology in relation to calcium-sensing receptors in addition to its diagnostic work up and management.
Anaesthetic Management of Emergency Tracheostomy in a Three Years Old Child with Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Deb Dr. Prakash , Yunus Dr. Md. , Sharma Dr. Narendra Kumar
Published: August 2020

Juvenile onset recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is a condition which requires multiple surgical excisions to maintain airway patency. However, if neglected may lead to airway compromise requiring emergency tracheostomy and anaesthetic management in such paediatric case is challenging. Awake tracheostomy is difficult and risky in children who are usually restless and uncooperative. Also induction of anaesthesia by intravenous or inhalational route pose a threat to the loss of airway muscle tone & patency. We present here a three years old child with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis who landed up with emergency tracheostomy for severe stridor where the passage of even the smallest size endotracheal tube would not be possible however emergency tracheostomy could be safely done by inhalational induction maintaining spontaneous ventilation. Such paediatric case where even endotracheal tube could not be passed has been rarely reported. Also literature on anaesthetic management of paediatric emergency tracheostomy is sparse.
Self- help groups and women’s empowerment: Evidence from Gaoua in Burkina Faso
Authors: DAH Ollo , ZALLE Boureima , SIGUE Moussa
Published: August 2020

Self- help groups are increasingly becoming platforms used by development organizations to induce behavioural change and especially to target women’s empowerment, but little is known about the effectiveness of such policies. This paper examines the contribution of Self- help groups to women’s empowerment in Burkina Faso, focusing on the case of the township of Gaoua through data collection from a reasoned choice sample of beneficiaries. The results show that membership of women in these groups enables them to increase their purchasing power, which in turn enables them to participate in the primary needs of their households and thus improve their empowerment. Therefore, it is suggested to the development actors intervening in the township of Gaoua to put together their efforts to cover all the villages of the Self- help groups in order to enable a large number of women to benefit from the spin-offs of these projects.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI SOSIAL DAN KOMPETENSI KEPRIBADIAN GURU TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 6 MEDAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Agusti Ivo Selvia , Sabrina Windya Ayu
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi sosial dan kompetensi guru terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas VI SMA Negeri 6 Medan Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) terdapat tidak ada pengaruh dan tidak signifikan antara kompetensi sosial terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi, 2) terdapat pengaruh dan signifikan antara kompetensi kepribadian guru terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi. 3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara kompetensi sosial dan kompetensi kepribadian guru secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah variabel kompetensi sosial (X1) tidakberpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi dan variabel kompetensi kepribadian guru (X2)berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 6 Medan T.P 2015/2016. Keywords: Kompetensi Sosial, Kompetensi Guru, Prestasi Belajar
Organizational management model of functioning transport and logistics cluster in Astrakhan region
Authors: Saraeva Ekaterina Georgievna
Published: August 2020

The article considers the urgent problem of strengthening the infrastructure and innovative development of the Russian Federation and the regions in today’s environment. Modernization of transport potential in future will have a positive impact on the regional development. Cluster policy in different fields, including transportation, is a trend in the formation and development of regions. The actuality of creating a transport and logistics cluster in the Astrakhan region has been proved taking into account the favorable geographical location of the region, high transit potential, historical location of shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises, and stevedoring companies. There have been presented the main theses on transforming the cluster initiative into a transport and logistics cluster in the region. Analysis of competitive advantages and assessment of the cluster potential of the region have proved the positive results. The next step is to set up the goal and main tasks. The cluster should help form an effective system of interaction and cooperation between the transport sector, industry, and the scientific and educational sector to increase the investment attractiveness of the region as a whole. There have been presented the main potential participants of the cluster. The international experience of cluster functioning, as well as cluster initiatives in the field of transportation in the regions of Russia is considered. The organizational and managerial structure of the transport and logistics cluster is based on the studied structures of successfully functioning clusters, taking into account the specific features of the region. There has been illustrated the available interaction with the functioning clusters of the Astrakhan region: shipbuilding, tourism and aquaculture, fisheries. Interaction is supposed to be carried out within the framework of implementing large cluster projects, providing supplies for the projects. It has been inferred that creating a transport and logistics cluster in the Astrakhan region will not only improve the interaction of participants within the cluster, but also ensure interaction with other clusters and enterprises.
The psychological mechanisms of persuasive impact from narrative communication
Authors: Shen Lijiang , Seung Suyeun , Andersen Kristin K. , McNeal Demetria
Published: August 2020

This paper develops and tests a comprehensive psychological model of how narrative messages persuade. In this model, perceived realism and perceived similarity are considered as the antecedents of narrative engagement variables. There are three forms of narrative engagement, transportation, identification, and parasocial interaction, which are conceptualized as the primary mediating mechanisms. Message elaboration and psychological reactance are proposed as the secondary mediating mechanisms. A web-based study (N = 374) was conducted to test this complex model. Four video clips on sexual health topics from wellknown television series were used as the stimuli. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses showed that perceived realism and perceived similarity were antecedents of narrative engagement. There was conceptual overlap between the narrative engagement variables, but they remained distinct from each other. There was no unique effect on persuasion from parasocial interaction. There was evidence for direct effects on persuasion from transportation and identification, as well as their indirect effects through reducing psychological reactance. However, message elaboration was found to be negatively associated with message perception. Implications for narrative communication in general and future studies were discussed.
Zehnder, Matthias (2017). Die Aufmerksamkeitsfalle. Wie Medien zu Populismus führen
Authors: Bachmann Philipp
Published: August 2020

Nous vivons dans l’abondance médiatique : informations et divertissements sont accessibles gratuitement sur internet, sans oublier la télévision câblée, la radio numérique, ou encore les journaux gratuits pour pendulaires. Mais ce Pays de Cocagne ressemble de plus en plus à un royaume de fous, régi selon la formule des trois B : «Blut, Brüste, Büsi», qui pourrait se traduire par « du sang, du sexe et des chatons ». Telle est la mise en garde de Matthias Zehnder, journaliste indépendant et spécialiste des médias. L’offre médiatique a beau être gigantesque, un combat sans merci règne entre les annonceurs. Et la règle principale de ce combat est la suivante : plus un média bénéficie d’attention, plus ses recettes publicitaires sont élevées et plus sa survie est assurée.

Eigentlich leben wir im medialen Überfluss: Information und Unterhaltung gibt es gratis im Internet, dazu kommen Kabelfernsehen, Digitalradio, Pendlerzeitungen. Doch dieses Schlaraffenland erweist sich mehr und mehr als Narrenreich voller «Blut, Brüste, Büsi», so die Warnung des freien Publizisten und Medienwissenschaftlers Matthias Zehnder. Das Medienangebot sei zwar gigantisch, doch tobe unter den Anbietern ein gnadenloser Kampf, dessen wichtigste Regel laute: Je mehr Aufmerksamkeit, desto höher die Werbeeinnahmen, die das Überleben sichern.
Speaking of language and culture: A report on the conference “Approaches to Migration, Language, and Identity”
Authors: Hernandez Gian
Published: August 2020

The entwined phenomena of migration, language and identity occupy a unique global position. Global mobility influences how human beings relate to one another on geographic, political, and social scales, and these connections and their individual parts stand in a mutually constitutive relationship. It is of utmost importance that academic discourses on these topics are addressed in ways that help positively shape the effects of global flows. Therefore, Anita Auer and Jennifer Thorburn from the University of Lausanne held a three-day conference from the 4th to the 6th of May 2017 at their university, which provided an interdisciplinary forum for discussion of concepts, ideas, and methods for researching migration, language, and identity. Scholars from around the world and across disciplines arrived to discuss the interrelated nature of these concepts.
Trust in government: What’s news media got to do with it?
Authors: Marcinkowski Frank , Starke Christopher
Published: August 2020

In modern democracies, trust in government is a key indicator of political legitimacy and stability. Drawing from theories of media effects, we investigated whether using traditional media has a negative (media malaise hypothesis) or a positive (virtuous circle hypothesis) impact on trust in the national government. We used a serial mediation model involving evaluations of politicians and evaluations of the political process as mediators of how political communications influence trust in government. To test the model empirically, we conducted an online survey among 1 115 respondents in Germany. Results suggest that the use of traditional media to access political information has a direct positive impact on trust in government mediated by people’s evaluations of politicians and of the political process. We also found a positive serial mediation effect of using traditional media on trust in government mediated first by evaluations of politicians and second by evaluations of the political process.
Saying “story” in the newsroom. Towards a linguistic ethnography of narrative lexicon in broadcast news
Authors: Merminod Gilles
Published: August 2020

Despite a general agreement on the narrative nature of news, the question of what it means for the journalists to tell a story is usually taken for granted, while the analysis of the actual narrative practices in the newsrooms often remains shallow. A way of overcoming this state of affairs is to have a look at the narrative practices and norms in the newsroom. On the one hand, one can track the sites of narrative engagement in the newsroom, where journalists are telling or handling stories in order to achieve their work of making news. On the other hand, one can track the metacommentaries that foreground a narrative orientation to news, when journalists evaluate storying choices or when they use a narrative-related lexicon. This paper explores the latter aspect by tracking the uses of the word « histoire » (story) in the newsroom of a Swiss Public Broadcasting Corporation. The paper identifies and analyses three different meanings of « histoire »: « histoire » as a genre, « histoire » as a set of information and « histoire » as a semiotic product. As a reflexive means, « histoire » enables the media practitioners to navigate the very practical tasks entailed by the production of the multimodal artefact that a television news item is
In der Krise vereint? Milieuspezifische Perspektiven auf die Flüchtlingskrise
Authors: Kösters Raphael , Obert Peter , Begenat Matthias , Jandura Olaf
Published: August 2020

Kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschung zur Fragmentierung konzentriert sich auf die Identifikation gesellschaftsweit geteilter Themen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird mit der sogenannten Flüchtlingskrise bewusst ein Thema als empirischer Fall gewählt, das als Krise bevölkerungsübergreifend als relevant wahrgenommen wird. Zur Klärung der Frage, ob die Auseinandersetzung über ein gemeinsames Thema zur Integration beiträgt, werden gruppenspezifische Deutungen der Flüchtlingskrise in differenten politisch- kommunikativen Milieus untersucht. Auf der Basis einer im Mai 2016 durchgeführten repräsentativen Online-Befragung (n = 1488) wurden mittels einer Clusteranalyse zwölf Milieus identifiziert, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer politischen Wertorientierungen sowie ihrer Nähe bzw. Distanz zur Politik unterscheiden. Die Themendeutungen, die über offene Assoziationstests erhoben wurden, lassen sich anhand einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse zu milieuspezifischen Perspektiven verdichten. Befunde zu Milieus mit extremen Grundhaltungen sprechen – trotz des geteilten Themas – gegen eine integrative Wirkung der Auseinandersetzung. Für gemässigte Milieus, die zwar ebenfalls spezifische Deutungen aufweisen, in denen aber auch Perspektiven anderer Bevölkerungsgruppen präsent sind, lässt sich ein integratives Potenzial erkennen.
Guest Editorial to the Thematic Section on ECREA 2018
Authors: Lobinger Katharina , Balbi Gabriele , Cantoni Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

This thematic section is devoted to the 7th Conference of the European Communication and Research Association (ECREA), held in Lugano from October 31st to November 3rd, 2018. The section contains three different parts: three conference keynote speakers’ papers translated into Italian language, six reports of special panels on topics related to the conference theme that were chosen by the local organizing committee of USI Università della Svizzera italiana, and, finally, a conference report written by Fiona Fehlmann. The reports on special panels are written in English language, the conference report in German and French language. This thematic section thus fully embraces the flexibility with respect to publication languages offered by Studies in Communication Sciences.
Science communication research in the German-speaking countries: A content analysis of conference abstracts
Authors: Kessler Sabrina Heike , Fähnrich Birte , Schäfer Mike S.
Published: August 2020

The study examines the state of science communication research in the German-speaking countries. Based on a standardized content analysis of all extended abstracts submitted to the annual conferences of the German Communication Association’s science communication division from 2014 to 2018 (N = 141), it describes the respective scholarly community, its research foci and objects. The results indicate that science communication has developed toward a well-established community and marks an institutionalization of the research field. Furthermore, the findings of the content analysis indicate that science communication research in the German-speaking countries shows parallels to international developments in terms of research foci, objects, and analytical models, but also differences regarding theories and methods.
Balancing Expressiveness and Inexpressiveness in View Design
Authors: Benedikt Michael , Bourhis Pierre , Jachiet Louis , Tsamoura Efthymia
Published: August 2020

We study the design of data publishing mechanisms
that allow a collection of autonomous distributed datasources to collaborate to support queries.
A common mechanism for data publishing is via views: functions that expose
derived data to users, usually specified as declarative queries. Our autonomy assumption is
that the views must be on individual sources, but with the intention of supporting integrated
queries.
In deciding what data to expose to users, two considerations must be balanced. The views must be sufficiently expressive
to support queries that users want to ask -- the utility of the publishing mechanism.
But there may also be some expressiveness restriction. Here we consider two restrictions,
a minimal information requirement, saying that the views should reveal as little as possible while supporting the utility
query, and a non-disclosure requirement, formalizing the need to prevent external users from computing information that data owners do not want revealed.
We investigate the problem of designing views that satisfy both an expressiveness and an inexpressiveness requirement,
for views in a restricted declarative language
(conjunctive queries), and for arbitrary views.
Explanatory Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems with Temporal Information and Smart Knowledge-Compilation
Authors: Bertoglio Nicola , Lamperti Gianfranco , Zanella Marina , Zhao Xiangfu
Published: August 2020

Model-based diagnosis is typically set-oriented. In static systems, such as combinational circuits, a candidate (or diagnosis) is a set of faulty components that explains a set of observations. In discrete-event systems (DESs), a candidate is a set of faulty events occurring in a sequence of state changes that conforms with a sequence of observations. Invariably, a candidate is a set. This set-oriented perspective makes diagnosis of DESs narrow in explainability, owing to the lack of any temporal knowledge relevant to the faults within a candidate, along with the inability to discriminate between single and multiple occurrences of the same fault. Embedding temporal knowledge in a candidate, such as the relative temporal ordering of faults and the multiplicity of the same fault, may be essential for critical decision making. To favor explainability, the notions of temporal fault, explanation, and explainer are introduced in diagnosis of DESs. The explanation engine reacts to a given sequence of observations by generating and refining in real-time a sequence of regular expressions, where the language of each expression is a set of temporal faults. Moreover, to avoid total knowledge compilation, the explainer can be generated incrementally either offline, based on meaningful behavioral scenarios, or online, when being operated in solving specific diagnosis problems.
Preference-based Inconsistency-Tolerant Query Answering under Existential Rules
Authors: Calautti Marco , Greco Sergio , Molinaro Cristian , Trubitsyna Irina
Published: August 2020

Query answering over inconsistent knowledge bases is a problem that has attracted a great deal of interest over the years.
Different inconsistency-tolerant semantics have been proposed, and most of them are based on the notion of repair, that is, a "maximal" consistent subset of the database.
In general, there can be several repairs, so it is often natural and desirable to express preferences among them.
In this paper, we propose a framework for querying inconsistent knowledge bases under user preferences for existential rule languages.
We provide generalizations of popular inconsistency-tolerant semantics taking preferences into account and study the data and combined complexity of different relevant problems.
Explanations for Negative Query Answers under Existential Rules
Authors: Ceylan İsmail İlkan , Lukasiewicz Thomas , Malizia Enrico , Molinaro Cristian , Vaicenavičius Andrius
Published: August 2020

Ontology-mediated query answering is an extensively studied paradigm, where the conceptual knowledge provided by an ontology is leveraged towards more enhanced querying of data sources. A major advantage of ontological reasoning is its interpretability, which allows one to derive explanations for query answers. Indeed, explanations have a long history in knowledge representation, and have also been investigated for ontology languages based on description logics and existential rules. Existing works on existential rules, however, merely focus on understanding why a query is entailed, i.e., explaining positive query answers. In this paper, we continue this line of research and address another important problem, namely, explaining why a query is not entailed under existential rules, i.e., explaining negative query answers. We consider various problems related to explaining non-entailments from the abduction literature, and also introduce new problems. For all considered problems, we give a detailed complexity analysis for a wide range of existential rule languages and complexity measures.
Fine-Grained Complexity of Temporal Problems
Authors: Dabrowski Konrad K. , Jonsson Peter , Ordyniak Sebastian , Osipov George
Published: August 2020

Expressive temporal reasoning formalisms are essential for AI. One family of such formalisms consists of disjunctive extensions of the simple temporal problem (STP). Such extensions are well studied in the literature and they have many important applications.
It is known that deciding satisfiability of disjunctive STPs is NP-hard, while the fine-grained complexity of such problems is virtually unexplored. We present novel algorithms that exploit structural properties of the solution space and prove, assuming the Exponential-Time Hypothesis, that their worst-case time complexity is close to optimal. Among other things, we make progress towards resolving a long-open question concerning whether Allen's interval algebra can be solved in single-exponential time, by giving a 2^{O(nloglog(n))} algorithm for the special case of unit-length intervals.
Verifying Strategic Abilities of Neural-symbolic Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Akintunde Michael E. , Botoeva Elena , Kouvaros Panagiotis , Lomuscio Alessio
Published: August 2020

We investigate the problem of verifying the strategic properties of multi-agent systems equipped with machine learning-based perception units. We introduce a novel model of agents comprising both a perception system implemented via feed-forward neural networks and an action selection mechanism implemented via traditional control logic. We define the verification problem for these systems against a bounded fragment of alternating-time temporal logic. We translate the verification problem on bounded traces into the feasibility problem of mixed integer linear programs and show the soundness and completeness of the translation. We show that the lower bound of the verification problem is PSPACE and the upper bound is coNEXPTIME. We present a tool implementing the compilation and evaluate the experimental results obtained on a complex scenario of multiple aircraft operating a recently proposed prototype for air-traffic collision avoidance.
Jokes and Belief Revision
Authors: Dupin De Saint-Cyr Florence , Prade Henri
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with a topic little studied in artificial intelligence: the understanding of humor. In this preliminary study, we try to identify the basic mechanism at work in quips and narrative jokes. It seems that in many cases a belief revision process is operating, leading to an unexpected conclusion, through the punchline of the jest. We propose a formal modeling of jokes based on belief revision. Namely the punchline, which triggers a revision, is both surprising and explains perfectly what was reported in the beginning of the joke. This also suggests a way of ranking jokes in terms of surprise and strength of explanation, using possibilistic logic.
Reasoning with Inconsistent Knowledge using the Epistemic Approach to Probabilistic Argumentation
Authors: Hunter Anthony
Published: August 2020

Structured argumentation involves drawing inferences from knowledge in order to construct arguments and counterarguments. Since knowledge can be uncertain, we can use a probabilistic approach to representing and reasoning with the knowledge. Individual arguments can be constructed from the knowledge, with the belief in each argument determined just from the belief in the formulae appearing in the argument. However, if the original knowledgebase is inconsistent, this does not take into account the counterarguments that can be constructed. We therefore need a wider perspective that revises the belief in individual arguments in order to take into account the counterarguments. To address this need, we present a framework for probabilistic argumentation that uses relaxation methods to give a coherent view on the knowledge, and thereby revises the belief in the arguments that are generated from the knowledge.