bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the influence of the elastic characteristics of composite materials on the vibrating properties
Authors: Risitano Giacomo , Scappaticci Lorenzo , Alberti Fabio , Santonocito Dario , D’Andrea Danilo
Published: May 2022

Economical composite materials such as PA66GF35 (glass-fibre-reinforced polyamide matrix) are being increasingly used in the automotive industry. Their good mechanical characteristics combined with low density, very high workability, low production cost and high availability are attractive prerogatives that induce engineers to adopt it in complex technological challenges. Injection moulding is the most common production technology used to realize composite components. While in industrial design this type of material is considered as isotropic, it is well known that injection moulding process gives orientation to the reinforcing fibres, leading to anisotropic mechanical behaviour. Starting from these considerations, attention has been turned to the vibrating properties of such materials and to the comparison between vibration modes and mechanical properties. In fact, composite materials are also used to produce components in the automotive field significantly affected by noise problems. Since the noise derives from a fluid-structure interaction, the own frequencies and the vibrating modes cover an important role on the Noise, Vibration and Harshness performance of the components. A comparison of the vibration modes of a plate in PA66GF35, numerically modeled both as isotropic and anisotropic material according to Folgar and Tucker theory, was carried out and compared with experimental measurements. The anisotropy of the composite material is demonstrated by the variation of the mechanical characteristics obtained from the static tensile tests. Results show that injection moulding confers different mechanical properties to real components due to the intrinsic fluid-dynamic phenomena of the production process.
A robust and fast active fault tolerant control for quadrotor applications with actuator fault’s unknown statistical characteristics
Authors: Rezaei Omid , Rahdan Ali , Dahmardeh Masoud , Yousefiankalareh Arian
Published: May 2022

Fault tolerant control (FTC) methods considering known faults for quadrotor applications are presented; however, unknown statistical faults characteristics particularly for the FTC design is not discussed. This study tackles this problem and presents a robust two-stage unscented Kalman filter (RTSUKF) that is robust against unknown faults and is able to accurately estimate multi-actuator faults with unknown statistical characteristics. The estimated unknown faults are then compensated through second-order sliding mode controllers which are designed for each of the translational and rotational movements. The fast convergence speed of the proposed estimator reduces the instability time interval of the quadrotor after fault occurrence. To discuss the reliability of the proposed method, stability analysis based on the Lyapunov theory is carried out for the whole closed-loop system. Finally, the robustness of the proposed FTC structure against unknown faults with its convergence speed are validated through numerical analysis. The results confirm the effective and good performance of the proposed method compared to another FTC with a conventional two-stage unscented Kalman filter.
Pandemics and the Impact on Physician Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peck Jessica A. , Porter Tracy H.
Published: May 2022

Physician mental health is a major area of concern with physician burnout on the rise, while at the same time pandemics are becoming more frequent and serious in nature. This combination of physician burnout and pandemics has the potential for serious negative implications for physicians, patients, and health care organizations. Thus, we conduct a systematic review that examines the effect of pandemics on physician mental health using the burnout cascade as a framework. We identified 30 quantitative studies for inclusion. We find that Stages 4 and 5 of the burnout cascade are particularly troublesome with physicians experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, we find in the degradation phase that physicians experience stigma which may intensify other negative effects. Physicians who are women, younger, and have less training are more susceptible to the negative effects of pandemics. We discuss overall implications and recommendations for future research.
The Impact of a Nurse-Led Service on Tobacco Treatment Provision Within a Psychiatric Hospital: A Time Series Study
Authors: Abufarsakh Bassema , Otachi Janet K. , Wang Tianyi , Al-Mrayat Yazan , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C.
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Psychiatric hospitalization is an opportunity to provide evidence-based tobacco treatment to optimize cessation efforts among people living with mental illnesses (MI). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of nurse-driven initiatives to enhance tobacco treatment within an inpatient psychiatric setting.

AIMS:

We assessed the 4-year impact of implementing a nurse-led tobacco treatment service offered to 11,314 inpatients at admissions in a tobacco-free psychiatric facility in Kentucky.

METHOD:

Through a time-series design, we compared the differences in rates of screening for tobacco use and providing treatment from September to December 2015 (prior to implementing the nurse-led tobacco treatment services) to each subsequent year in a 4-year period (2016–2019).

RESULTS:

Approximately 60.0% of inpatients were persons using tobacco during the assessment period. Although there were no changes in tobacco use prevalence over the 4-year evaluation duration, there were significant increases in the provision of practical counseling and Food and Drug Administration–approved nicotine replacement therapies for persons using tobacco.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support the effectiveness of implementing tobacco treatment programs at the organizational level. Psychiatric hospitalizations provide an opportunity to optimize nurse-driven efforts to deliver tobacco treatment to people with MI. Similar models of nurse-led tobacco treatment services can be adopted within inpatient and other mental and behavioral health settings.
Pedohebephilia and Perceived Non-coercive Childhood Sexual Experiences: Two Non-matched Case-Control Studies
Authors: Jahnke Sara , Schmidt Alexander F. , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Research on the link between childhood sexual abuse experiences (CSAE) and pedohebephilia is limited by its focus on events that the respondents rate as abusive. We asked 199 German-speaking (Study 1) and 632 English-speaking (Study 2) men with and without self-reported pedohebephilia to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and scales to assess perceived non-coercive childhood sexual experiences with adults (PNCSE-A), and peers (PNCSE-P, only Study 2). A substantial number of participants with PNCSE-A disagreed with all items of the CTQ Sexual Abuse subscale (e.g., 35% and 26% of pedohebephilic men in Studies 1 and 2, 38% of teleiophilic men in Study 2). While pedohebephilic men reported more CSAE than teleiophilic men, the effects for PNCSE-A did not consistently point in the expected direction. In Study 2, conviction status for sexual offenses among pedohebephilic men was linked to higher rates of CSAE, PNCSE-A, PNCSE-P, physical neglect, and physical abuse. Pedohebephilic men in Study 2 also reported more PNCSE-P than teleiophilic men. Our results highlight the importance of assessing different (positive or neutral) perceptions of CSAE. Better controlled designs (e.g., matched case-control studies) are needed to substantiate whether and how perceived non-coercive childhood sexual experiences relate to pedohebephilia and sexual offending.
Rules governing swarm robot in continuum mechanics
Authors: dell’Erba Ramiro
Published: May 2022

To determine material body’s deformation is usual to solve Newton’s equation, under assigned boundary conditions; but this is not the only possibility to obtain a plausible description of the phenomenon. In recent years, position-based dynamic (PBD) concept has consolidated its success. The idea has its roots in computer graphic graphics aimed at saving processing time in computing object’s deformation and breakage in video games applications; PBD tries to give a plausible description of the deformation taking into account only the relative point’s positions to describe the action of internal forces. The aim is to obtain an algebraical equation capable of calculating the position of a point using as input the position of some other points. This kinematic approach has the advantage to work with simple algebraical equations; the complexity of the system increases linearly, rather than quadratically, with increasing the point’s number. Working on swarm robotics we have addressed the problem concerning flocking rules, to determine the behaviour of a single element to achieve an assigned configuration of the group. One possibility to perform this task, for each single robot, is to see what some of its neighbours are doing. We then use these rules to reproduce some behaviour of bi-dimensional deformable bodies both consistent with the standard Cauchy model and according to the second-gradient theory. All constitutive properties of the material are hidden within the rules, determining the displacements of the particles each relative to the others. The tool has an advantage in terms of computational cost and is very flexible to be adapted to objects of complex geometry and problems of different nature. The results are encouraging and fracture can be easily managed. However, a connection between the parameters of the tool and the constitutive parameters of the materials is not yet provided and our efforts are addressed in this direction, to validate the tool by a solid classical theory.
Is Processing Speed (Gs) related to Hyperactivity (As a Narrow Cognitive Area of Gps): A Dimensional Approach to Heterogeneity of Clinical and WISC-IV Cognitive Profiles in ADHD From RDoC/HiTOP Perspective
Authors: Dinçer Mustafa , Uğurtaş Gökçe Fatoş Sinem , Gül Hesna , Taş Torun Yasemin , Bodur Şahin , Cöngöloğlu Mehmet Ayhan
Published: May 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between symptomatology and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) cognitive profiles in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), taking into account clinical heterogeneity.

Method:

The WISC-IV was administered to 60 children aged 6 to 13 years with ADHD who had not previously taken psychotropic medication. Conners Teacher-Rating Scale (CTRS-R/L) and Conners Parent-Rating Scale (CPRS-R/L) were completed by parents and teachers.

Results:

We found a statistically significant positive correlation between the symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and PSI (Processing Speed Index). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the CTRS-R/L’s DSM-IV Inattentive subscale and PRI (Perceptual Reasoning Index). No relationship was found between the inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptomatology with Working Memory Index (WMI). WMI stood out as the most frequently reported weakness among the four index scores.

Conclusion:

Considering the relationship between the cognitive domains of RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) and dimensions of HiTOP with the ADHD symptom clusters, the assessment of cognitive and behavioral symptoms may be useful for phenotyping ADHD. According to the CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory; the positive correlation level between PSI, which is accepted as Gs, and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in people with ADHD may be due to the fact that hyperactivity is one of the narrow cognitive domains of Gps.
A Malignant Mimicker: Features of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Chisholm Karen M. , Bohling Sandra D. , Tsuchiya Karen D. , Paulson Vera A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign, and self-limited disease that presents with cervical lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms. Histologic evaluation is often necessary to differentiate KFD from other entities.

Methods

Electronic medical records and diagnostic material were reviewed for 14 children diagnosed with KFD and 6 children diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM) from 2013-2021. Four cases of KFD were further characterized using targeted DNA-based next-generation sequencing.

Results

Systemic symptoms were present in 86% (n = 12/14) of KFD patients, the most common being fever. Laboratory values worrisome for malignancy included cytopenia(s) (n = 9/12), elevated ESR and/or CRP (n = 9/12), elevated ferritin (n = 7/7), and elevated LDH (n = 7/10). Histologically, lymph nodes showed characteristic necrotic foci without neutrophils surrounded by MPO+ “crescentic” histiocytes. Immunoblasts and CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were also increased surrounding the necrosis. IM lymph nodes showed similar features when necrosis was present but increases in pDCs were patchy and rare neutrophils were seen in the necrotic foci. Molecular analysis of 4 KFD cases did not identify pathogenic variants.

Conclusion

While the signs/symptoms of KFD are worrisome, there are pathologic features that help differentiate it from potential mimics. We did not identify characteristic molecular features to aid in the work-up of these cases.
Congenital Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Type 3 With Severe Neonatal Cholestasis
Authors: Vij Mukul , Shah Vaibhav S.
Published: May 2022

Congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 3 is a rare metabolic liver disease with only eight patients reported in literature. We describe clinical, pathological and molecular features for a ninth patient. A 4-month-old infant presented to us with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. His liver biopsy revealed giant cell change, steatosis, and activity with diffuse fibrosis. Immunostaining with bile salt export pump showed preserved canalicular pattern and γ-glutamyl transferase 1 staining showed unusual complete membranous pattern. Genetic workup revealed homozygous single base pair duplication in exon 3 of the CYP7B1 gene. He succumbed to liver disease at 7 months of age.
The Effects of Different Rates of Behavior-Specific Praise in Secondary Classrooms
Authors: O’Handley Roderick D. , Olmi D. Joe , Dufrene Brad A. , Radley Keith C. , Tingstrom Daniel H.
Published: May 2022

Few studies examine the effects of behavior-specific praise (BSP) in secondary classrooms, and there is limited research examining the rate of BSP that is needed to improve classwide appropriately engaged behavior (AEB) and reduce disruptive behavior (DB). Using a multiple baseline design with an embedded A/B/C/A/C condition sequence counterbalanced across pairs of teachers, this study evaluated the effects of BSP delivered once per 2 min and once per 4 min, and the relative effects of both rates of BSP on classwide AEB and DB across four secondary classrooms. Based on visual analysis and non-overlap, using BSP once per 2 min produced large and immediate improvements in classwide AEB and DB. In contrast, using BSP once per 4 min had mixed effects on classwide AEB and DB. Overall, using BSP once per 2 min was superior to using BSP once per 4 min. Limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
Reduced risk of arterial thromboembolism in cats with pleural effusion due to congestive heart failure
Authors: Busato Francesca , Drigo Michele , Zoia Andrea
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiogenic pleural effusion in cats is associated with a lower risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) compared with cats with cardiac disease without evidence of pleural effusion.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on owned cats with natural occurring cardiac diseases. Cats included were classified in three groups: those with cardiac disease but no evidence of congestive heart failure (CHF); those with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema; and those with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE was calculated and the variables analysed for an association with this outcome were the presence and type of CHF, sex and neuter status, age, breed, type of cardiac diseases and left atrial (LA) dimension. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to fit the association between ATE and these variables.

Results

A total of 366 cats with cardiac disease met the inclusion criteria: 179 were included in the group with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF, 66 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and 121 in the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion. Prevalence of ATE (58/366 [15.8%]) was significantly different among groups (with no evidence of CHF, 28/179 [15.6%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 22/66 [33.3%]; with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion, 8/121 [6.6%]; P <0.001). Cats with ATE had a significantly higher LA to aortic root ratio (2.30 ± 0.46) than those without ATE (2.04 ± 0.46; P <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with evidence of cardiogenic pleural effusion was associated with a lower risk of developing ATE compared with groups with cardiac disease but no evidence of CHF and with evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema ( P = 0.005 and P <0.001, respectively).

Conclusions and relevance

Presence of cardiogenic pleural effusion is associated with a lower risk of developing ATE, while LA enlargement is a risk factor for ATE.
Assessment of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex in healthy cats: comparison of results acquired by clinicians and cat owners
Authors: Tsai Chyong-Ying , Chang Ya-Pei
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR) in healthy cats using methods performed by the clinician and the cat’s owner at home.

Methods

A total of 55 healthy cats without neurological abnormalities were included in this study. CTMR evaluation was performed sequentially in each cat using three methods by a clinician: method A, pinch skin with a straight 14 cm Crile haemostat forceps; method B, displace fur with the tip of a pen or haemostat forceps; and method C, poke skin with the tip of a straightened paper clip. The normal response rates for each method were obtained and compared. A ‘CTMR performance score’ was assigned for each cat, reflecting the presence of a normal CTMR response using one or more of the three methods. An ‘owner performance score’ was also obtained, reflecting the response of the CTMR when performed at home by the cat owner. The two scores were compared as paired data for each cat.

Results

The CTMR was elicited normally in 17 (31%), 27 (49%) and 16 (29%) cats using methods A, B and C, respectively. Method B delivered a significantly higher percentage of normal responses. When comparing the ‘CTMR performance score’ and ‘owner performance score’, the percentage of normal responses was 60% and 100%, respectively, which was significantly different.

Conclusions and relevance

The overall normal response rate of the CTMR in healthy feline subjects was low when performed by a clinician, regardless of the method applied. Conversely, a high percentage of normal responses was obtained by cat owners performing CTMR at home, potentially indicating the impact of stress on the CTMR performance.
Analysis of vibration characteristics of auxetic sandwich cylindrical shells resting on elastic foundation
Authors: Li Bin , Fu Tao
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this research work is focused on the vibration analysis of auxetic sandwich cylindrical shell structures resting on an elastic foundation. In the analysis, the sandwich shell structure is composed of three layers in which the middle layer consists of auxetic material with a negative Poisson’s ratio, and the two skin layers are isotropic homogeneous materials. The motion equation is extracted according to the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the Hamilton principle. The governing equations of coupled partial differential equations are solved by the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method, and the natural frequencies are determined. By comparing the experimental results with the numerical results calculated by commercial finite element software, the validity of the proposed theoretical model is verified. Finally, the influences of geometrical parameters and elastic foundation on the vibration behavior of sandwich shell structures have been investigated.
Book review: Cynthia Miller-Idriss, Hate in the Homeland: The New Global Far Right
Authors: Fangen Katrine
Published: May 2022

Cynthia Miller-Idriss, Hate in the Homeland: The New Global Far Right. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020. ISBN 9780691203836.
Sensory eye dominance following surgically correction for acute acquired concomitant esotropia of adulthood
Authors: Shi Chennan , Chen Bo , Yu Xinping , Yao Zhimo
Published: May 2022

Background

Acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) is an unusual presentation characterized by acute onset of esotropia after infancy. For patients with AACE of adulthood, the outcome of surgery, which is a common treatment, often shows successful recovery of stereopsis. However, whether surgically corrected patients with AACE of adulthood achieved balanced eyes is yet unclear.

Methods

Here, we used a binocular phase combination paradigm to quantitatively assess the ocular dominance of 22 surgically aligned patients with AACE of adulthood, which all had regained normal stereopsis after the surgery and 14 adult controls with normal vision. The sensory eye dominance was quantified as the interocular contrast ratio, termed balance point, at which each eye contributed equally to the perception of cyclopean grating.

Results

We found that, normal controls had a mean balance point value close to unity (0.96 ± 0.01), whereas adult AACE patients exhibited apparent interocular imbalance (0.76 ± 0.04), which was significantly different from control group (Mann–Whitney U = 135, P < 0.001, two tailed). In addition, the balance point of adults with AACE didn't correlate with the interval between onset of esotropia and the surgery (r =  − 0.262, p = 0.239), or the length of postoperative follow-up period (r = 0.127, p = 0.575).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that, for patients with AACE of adulthood whose eyes had been straightened, there is still residual sensory imbalance which may be a potential risk factor for AACE of adulthood.
Comparative intervention assessing a catheter stabilization device on peripheral intravenous line loss
Authors: Wilson Gabriela M , Winsett Rebecca P , Modi Bhumika , Jia Ru , Patton Terilea , Silberberg Debra
Published: May 2022

Background:

Short peripheral intravenous catheters are the most common invasive procedure used to deliver medications, blood products, and fluids to patients, and failure has the potential to impact the quality of care.

Methods:

This study compared IVs stabilized with current transparent film dressing to those using an engineered stabilization device. The first phase of the study evaluated documentation; data from patient records were found less than optimal but most complete for securement and removal, the two fields most critical to the study. The second phase measured IV dwell time, restart rates, and time between IV loss and restarts.

Results:

Although there were no statistically significant differences in restarts, the IV dwell time was longer when the engineered device was in place, helping to extend the life of the IV and prevent interruption of care. In the absence of data on the cost of infections and other complications, the use of an engineered device increased the cost of IV starts.

Conclusions:

Adding an engineered stabilization device increases the cost of peripheral IV starts, but contributes to reducing IV restarts and preventing IV complications due to destabilized IVs. Although there were no statistically significant differences in restarts, the IV dwell time was longer when the device was in place, helping to extend the life of the IV and prevent interruption of care. Complete and accurate documentation and improved quality depended upon the ability to abstract unit-level data, which is vital for capturing the appropriate healthcare indicators. Clinical nurses must be involved in the decision-making regarding health records and operability at the unit level.
Indigenous environmental defenders in Aotearoa New Zealand: Ihumātao and Ōroua River
Authors: Mika Jason Paul , Dell Kiri , Elers Christine , Dutta Mohan , Tong Qing
Published: May 2022

This article theorises the question—what is the role and nature of Indigenous environmental defenders in Aotearoa New Zealand? We explore Māori—the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand—who act as environmental defenders of their lands and waters despite the perpetual insecurity of their constitutional rights and imbalances in power and resources compared with state and corporate actors. The environmental defence of Aotearoa New Zealand by Māori began with the arrival of European explorers’ intent on overturning Indigenous institutions of environmental management that has sustained their peoples for a thousand years. Stemming from case study analysis of Māori environmental defenders at Ihumātao in Māngere and Ōroua River in Manawatū, we propose whenua (land) resilience theory to explain the concomitance of environmental defence and development from an Indigenous perspective.
Identification of Potential Urinary Metabolite Biomarkers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Jongers Bart’s , Hotterbeekx An , Bielen Kenny , Vervliet Philippe , Boddaert Jan , Lammens Christine , Fransen Erik , Baggerman Geert , Covaci Adrian , Goossens Herman , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Jorens Philippe G , Kumar-Singh Samir
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital intensive care units (ICU). Rapid identification of P. aeruginosa-derived markers in easily accessible patients’ samples can enable an early detection of P. aeruginosa VAP (VAP-PA), thereby stewarding antibiotic use and improving clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Metabolites were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in prospectively collected urine samples from mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the Antwerp University Hospital ICU. Patients were followed from the start of mechanical ventilation (n = 100 patients) till the time of clinical diagnosis of VAP (n = 13). Patients (n = 8) in whom diagnosis of VAP was further confirmed by culturing respiratory samples and urine samples were studied for semi-quantitative metabolomics.

Results:

We first show that multivariate analyses highly discriminated VAP-PA from VAP–non-PA as well as from the pre-infection groups ( R2 = .97 and .98, respectively). A further univariate analysis identified 58 metabolites that were significantly elevated or uniquely present in VAP-PA compared to the VAP–non-PA and pre-infection groups ( P < .05). These comprised both a known metabolite of histidine as well as a novel nicotine metabolite. Most interestingly, we identified 3 metabolites that were not only highly upregulated for, but were also highly specific to, VAP-PA, as these metabolites were completely absent in all pre-infection timepoints and in VAP–non-PA group.

Conclusions:

Considerable differences exist between urine metabolites in VAP-PA compared to VAP due to other bacterial aetiologies as well to non-VAP (pre-infection) timepoints. The unique urinary metabolic biomarkers we describe here, if further validated, could serve as highly specific diagnostic biomarkers of VAP-PA.
Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facility Operations and Patient Success: Evidence From Mississippi
Authors: Meadowcroft Devon , Davis Will
Published: May 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in the provision of care at substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities. Stresses associated with the pandemic could also negatively impact treatment outcomes for clients. The aim of this study is to evaluate how SUD treatment facilities in Mississippi changed their operations following the start of the pandemic. The change in client success rates at the facilities is also assessed.

Methods:

An online survey was completed by 12 SUD treatment facilities in Mississippi between February and May 2021.

Results:

Generally, the facilities’ capacity to provide treatment to clientele was moderately affected by the pandemic. Facilities in the sample also adapted a variety of policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. Changes in the services provided by facilities was observed in the survey responses. For client success rates reported by the facilities, there was a decrease in the number of facilities stating that more than 80% of their clients completed treatment across the pre- and post-pandemic periods. However, the number of facilities with more than 80% of their clients successfully finishing treatment has increased in recent months.

Conclusions:

To continue serving their clientele during the pandemic, facilities enacted COVID-19-related policies and began offering new services such as telehealth. Although client success rates decreased at the beginning of the pandemic, they have returned to pre-pandemic levels in recent months. Our results indicate that SUD treatment facilities and clients have improved in terms of giving and receiving care as the pandemic has progressed.
Current and Future Irrigation Water Requirement and Potential in the Abbay River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimere Abay , Assefa Engdawork
Published: May 2022

In this study, we evaluated the present and future irrigation potential and irrigation water requirement (IWR) in Ethiopia’s Abbay River Basin using the MIKE HYDRO River modeling software. Relative changes in IWR were determined and analyzed at six irrigation nodes for 19 crops and 23 traits. Four irrigation scenarios were compared: low, medium, full (FULL), and high growth (HIGH). Significant IWR changes were observed in FULL and HIGH irrigation scenarios, with highly intensive irrigation conditions resulting in high IWR. The MIKE HYDRO model was used to simulate the IWR historically for two scenarios: (1) scenario representing the current total irrigable cropland (79,800 ha) and (2) scenario projecting the basin’s potential cropland (658,384 ha). As a result, the area under IWR analysis was 738,184 ha. The annual IWR was 9 billion cubic meters (BCM) and 18 BCM in FULL and HIGH irrigation scenarios, respectively. We found that uncertainties in crop migration, cropping patterns, and adaptation rates to climate change significantly affected irrigation and crop production. It is necessary to investigate the effects of HIGH irrigation on yield and economic benefits of FULL irrigation before adopting different irrigation development methods. Further research is required to adapt to changing climate for development of targeted IWR strategies.
A Global Perspective of Vibrio Species and Associated Diseases: Three-Decade Meta-Synthesis of Research Advancement
Authors: Onohuean Hope , Agwu Ezera , Nwodo UU
Published: May 2022

Outbreaks of Vibrio infections have a long history of global public health concern and threat to the aquaculture industry. This 3-decade (1990-2019) meta-synthesis of global research progress in Vibrio species and associated disease outbreaks was undertaken to generate the knowledge needed to design effective interventions with policy implications. Using PRISMA protocol, we obtained data on the online version of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus from January 1990 to September 2021 by title search of the keywords “ Vibrio species OR Vibrio spp. OR vibriosis.” On the 3-decade survey, the result has shown that a total of 776 publications document types were published on the subject, with an average of 24.25 ± 13.6 published documents per year with an annual growth rate of 4.71%. The year 2020 recorded the highest output of 52 published documents accounting for 6.70% of the total. The most prolific author, Blanch A., published 12 articles on the subject and has received citations of 1003 with an h-index of 10. While the most global cited paper author is the journal of J. Bacteriol (Bassler et al), receiving total citation (TC) (550) and per Year (22). The top active corresponding authors country is the United States of America with (92) articles, freq. 12.40%; TC of 3103. The observations in this study, such as the collaborations network map, and index, which have outlined a big difference between countries based on economic status, have underscored the need for a sustained research mentorship program that can define future policies.
Fibrotic Cystic Lung Disease Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Who is the Culprit?
Authors: Alam Walid , Mohamad Rayan , Koubaissi Maysoun , Koubaissi Salwa A
Published: May 2022

Pulmonary complications post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are associated with poor outcomes and require extensive management depending on the etiology. They usually present in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, interstitial pneumonitis, or drug toxicity that can lead to fibrosis. Scant data exists regarding diffuse cystic lung disease following HSCT, and the existing literature only mentions mild cystic changes. We present the case of a 25-year-old man with stage IVB Hodgkin’s lymphoma post allogeneic HSCT, who developed progressive traction bronchiectasis, with the appearance of extensive pulmonary cysts that followed significant fibrotic changes and discuss the possible etiologies behind it.
Radiomics Features of Different Sizes of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) Tumors: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhao Ling , Ma Buyun
Published: May 2022

Background:

Radiomics strategies exhibit great promise in the context of thyroid nodule diagnosis. This study aimed to compare radiomics features of different sizes of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumors and to compare the efficiency of radiomics approaches as a means of differentiating between these tumor types.

Methods:

In total, 86 MTC and 330 PTC nodules were divided into the macronodular (>10 mm) and micronodular (⩽10 mm) categories. The radiomics features of these nodules were analyzed to identify independent prognosis factors and evaluate the efficacy of individual and combined indicators as predictors of tumor type.

Results:

In total, 12 radiomics features were found to differ significantly between MTC and PTC macronodules, while 6 differed significantly between MTC and PTC micronodules. Shape 2D_Sphericity, firstorder_Skewness, glrlm_RunLengthNonUniformity, glszm_GrayLevelNonUniformity, and glszm_SizeZoneNonUniformity were features that were independently associated with the differential diagnoses of MTC and PTC macronodules. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of the efficacy of these 5 single indicators and a combined indicator composed thereof yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.621, 0.678, 0.704, 0.762, 0.747, and 0.824, respectively, with respective sensitivities of 55.3%, 43.0%, 53.1%, 56.3%, 46.9%, and 65.6%, and respective specificity values of 65.6%, 89.1%, 81.6%, 88.8%, 95.0%, and 91.1%. The glrlm_RunEntropy and glszm_SizeZoneNonUniformity features were identified as independent factors associated with the differential diagnoses of MTC and PTC micronodules. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of the efficacy of these 2 single indicators and a combined indicator composed thereof yielded respective AUC values of 0.678, 0.678, and 0.771; Sensitivities of 57.0%, 72.7%, and 72.7%; and specificities of 77.3%, 64.2%, and 77.5%.

Conclusions:

A range of different radiomics features can enable effective differentiation between MTC and PTC nodules of different sizes. Moreover, analyses of combinations of radiomics features yielded diagnostic efficiency values higher than those associated with single radiomics features, highlighting a more reliable approach to diagnosing MTC and PTC tumors.
‘Abba Kyari did not die of coronavirus’: Social media and fake news during a global pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Uwalaka Temple
Published: May 2022

This study examined the influence of fake news online on how social media users viewed and reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Analyses of an online survey ( N = 254) and contents from Twitter users in Nigeria from the hashtags: ‘#coronavirusNigeria’ and ‘#covid19Nigeria’ ( N = 10,408), reveal that social media users in Nigeria used Twitter to inform and educate Twitter users as well as debunking fake news stories about the virus to prevent purveyors of fake news from misleading Twitter users in Nigeria. Findings further indicate that those who use social media platforms and national television as main sources of news and are less educated, are statistically more likely to believe fake news about the virus than those who are educated and used newspapers as main sources of news. Consequently, the study recommends that Nigerian political leaders enact policies that they can observe as their inability to adhere to their own lockdowns powered fake news about COVID-19 in Nigeria.
Macho populists versus COVID: Comparing political masculinities
Authors: Parmanand Sharmila
Published: May 2022

This article uses a feminist lens to examine Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte and former United States President Donald Trump’s responses to COVID-19. It argues that both populist leaders mobilised masculinity as a resource in statecraft. Both initially responded to the pandemic with dismissiveness and denialism. For the rest of his term, Trump diminished the harms of COVID and emphasised ‘protecting the economy’. Duterte, however, eventually embraced the fear of COVID, imposed a strict lockdown, and secured emergency powers. This article first analyses differences in the masculinities the two politicians performed. It then explores how this performance of masculinity contributed to structuring public discourses in relation to the pandemic and situates it in neoliberal governance more broadly. For example, the performance of invincibility constructed others’ vulnerability and illness as an individual weakness rather than socially and relationally produced. Trump’s co-optation of the language of freedom encouraged protests against health measures and positioned medical experts as the ‘real threat’. In contrast, Duterte’s securitised approach made it difficult for citizens to protest repressive laws enacted by his government. Duterte’s ‘war on COVID’ was marked by his demand for obedience and discipline, thereby constituting anyone who questioned the harmful effects of a police-led lockdown as a threat to national security. Finally, the article reflects on the ways China’s growing role in global politics affects notions and practices of populist masculinities. Both leaders flexed diplomatic masculinity differently in relation to China: Duterte touted his personal closeness to China as a path to securing resources for the Philippines, while Trump’s vilification of China constructed COVID as a ‘foreign enemy’ as opposed to a crisis he was responsible for. Ultimately, these masculine responses undermined dissent and centred muscularity, either in the form of individual resilience or securitisation and policing, as the solution to the pandemic.
Hitting the barriers – Women in Formula 1 and W series racing
Authors: Howe Olivia R.
Published: May 2022

In this article, it will be concluded that the major automotive racing league, Formula 1, is failing in its efforts to be a truly unisex sport. In the current Formula 1 series, there are no female drivers. Although women have never been officially prohibited from competing in Formula 1, there have been fewer than 10 female drivers since its inception. This inquiry focuses on why women drivers have been prevented from securing professional driving positions in Formula 1 and racing on equal terms with men. I argue that there are five major barriers which perpetuate women’s exclusion from this league: historical and current attitudes, assumed physical and mental inferiority, sexualisation, money, and representation and (in)visibility. In this cultural examination, I demonstrate that the situation for women in Formula 1 appears to be bleaker than in other sports that are making progress in their quest for gender equality. However, I also suggest that, despite ethical issues, W Series – a new, women-only, single-seater car racing championship – could potentially motivates positive change for women’s car racing by promoting gender equity through a new league which enables women to improve themselves in a protected category. This article also considers the impact of sex in Formula 1, which is pertinent to the discussion surrounding alleged biological differences. The discussion employs Simone de Beauvoir’s conceptualisation of ‘Otherness’, as well as Helmut Pflugfelder’s account of female embodiment in motorsport. The overall findings are that more focused research is required for gender issues in Formula 1 to be accurately addressed.
Menopausal rage, erotic power and gaga feminist possibilities
Authors: De Graeve Katrien , De Vuyst Sara
Published: May 2022

This study focusses on discourses on menopause through a critical reading of a selection of nine self-help books on the topic in the context of Dutch-speaking Belgium and the Netherlands. The aim is to explore whether self-help books constrain or facilitate the development of emancipatory discourses on menopause. We combine feminist critiques that identify the experience of menopause as a site of potential for revolt with insights from queer and critical new-materialist theorisation to probe the books’ emancipatory capacity. Our analysis identifies three prominent discursive repertoires: a medical, psycho-therapeutic and spiritual repertoire. Anger and erotic power emerge as important themes, albeit differently framed dependent on the discursive repertoires that the books employ. We conclude that none of the books succeed in disrupting prevailing oppressive discourses that devalue ageing women. There are two important constraints, notably (1) the books’ individualistic and depoliticised stance and (2) their reductionist view on the biological body. As a way out, we propose a gaga feminist reading of menopause that looks at anger and erotic power as sites of ‘biopossibilities’ that may open space for overthrowing oppressive models of gender, sexuality and desire.
A prediction method for adhesive wear of herringbone gear
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Wang Han
Published: May 2022

The centering error is a unique error in the manufacturing process of herringbone gear. The relationship between centering error and tooth wear and the influence of centering error on the service performance of herringbone gear are rarely reported. In this paper, a wear prediction method of herringbone gear with centering error is proposed by comprehensively considering the coupling relationship between tooth wear evolution and centering error. Based on the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and Hertz contact theory, the calculation equation of asperity contact pressure of tooth surface after tooth wear is derived and the influence of centering error on load shared by both sides of herringbone gear is analyzed, then the coupling relationship between tooth wear depth and contact pressure is studied. The distribution of contact temperature, asperity contact pressure and wear depth on tooth surface is obtained, and the effect of centering error on them is discussed, then the effects of roughness, input torque and rotation speed on wear of herringbone gear with centering error is analyzed. The results show that the contact temperature, asperity contact pressure, sliding distance and tooth surface wear depth on the advanced contact side of herringbone gear is greater than those of the delayed contact side due to the influence of centering error. And the wear depth of both sides is not uniformly distributed along the tooth width direction and the maximum wear depth is located in the initial meshing area and decreases nonlinearly along the line of action. Besides, the greater the roughness and input torque, the greater the difference between the wear depth on both sides, and with the increase of rotation speed, the wear depth decreases. The results also show that the wear depth can change the centering error, which changed the contact characteristics and load shared by both sides of the herringbone gear. The wear depth and centering error have a significant impact on the meshing and contact performance of herringbone gears, and their influence cannot be ignored in the study of herringbone gears. The results of this paper can provide theoretical support for wear resistance design of herringbone gear.
Long-term trajectories of employment status, workhours and disability support pension status, after a first episode of CNS demyelination
Authors: Zarghami Amin , van der Mei Ingrid , Hussain Mohammad Akhtar , Claflin Suzi B , Bessing Barnabas , Simpson-Yap Steve , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Lechner-Scott Jeanette , Broadley Simon , Blizzard Leigh , Taylor Bruce V , Lucas Robyn , Dear Keith , Dwyer Terry , Kilpatrick Trevor , Williams David , Shaw Cameron , Chapman Caron , Coulthard Alan , Pender Michael P. , Valery Patricia
Published: May 2022

Background:

People with multiple sclerosis face significant employment-related challenges, with little known of the drivers of these outcomes.

Objective:

We examined prospective trajectories of employment-related outcomes up to 11 years following a first episode of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (FCD).

Methods:

Participants were aged 18–59 years, at FCD, with at least two observations and were employed at study entry or anytime during follow-up ( n = 207). Outcomes were employment status (full-time, part-time and unemployed), average workhours per week and disability support pension (DSP; receiving/not receiving). We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify groups with common trajectories. Factors associated with trajectory membership were explored using log-multinomial regression.

Results:

Distinct trajectories were identified for employment (4), workhours (4) and DSP (2). Compared with stable full-time, female sex was strongly associated with being in the stable part-time trajectory (risk ratio (RR): 5.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.56–11.20; p < 0.001). A greater level of disability at 5-year review (RR: 1.35; 95% CI = 1.19–1.53) and having more than two comorbidities at baseline (RR: 2.77; 95% CI = 1.37–5.64) were associated with being in early and late deteriorated employment trajectories, respectively. Compared with the increased part-time trajectory, every additional relapse during the 5 years post-FCD was associated with a 10% increased risk of being in the reduced part-time trajectory (RR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.00–1.22). For every additional EDSS point at 5-year review, the risk of being in the DSP trajectory increased (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.05–1.41).

Conclusion:

These trajectories indicate substantial heterogeneity and the complex impact of MS on employment from its earliest timepoints. Understanding these trends could enable better targeting of interventions to facilitate workforce retention, particularly for females, those with a higher number of comorbidities, more frequent relapses and greater rate of disability accrual.