bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of micro fertilizers on productivity and quality of lactuca-sativa varieties
Authors: Avdeenko S S , Avdeenko A P
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of the Rostov region on ordinary chernozems, the effect of micro fertilizers used for foliar feeding when growing lactuca-sativa varieties in open ground under irrigation was studied. The issues of formation of yield and quality indicators depending on the applied micro fertilizers are considered. It was established that the largest yield was obtained when growing the Yeralash variety, the crops of which were additionally treated with Ecofus at a dose of 2 l/ha, and slightly lower values when using Siliplant at a dose of 1 l/ha. The most significant effect in increasing the dry matter content was found with the use of the Nagro preparation for the varieties Eralash, Gascony and Abrek, and early ripening of the products did not contribute to an increase in the dry matter content in the varieties. The use of Siliplant and Nagro effectively increases the content of ascorbic acid in the product, reaching a maximum for the Gascony variety. Additional top dressings do not have a negative impact on the amount of nitrates, and the minimum indicators were noted for the varieties Sorvanec, Abrek and Gascony when treated with Siliplant and Nagro preparations.
A multi-criteria approach to assessing the effectiveness of the creation and development of integrated agricultural formations
Authors: Gazetdinov Sh M , Kh Gazetdinov M , Semicheva O S , Akmarov P B
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of the creation and development of integrated agricultural formations, namely, evaluating the effectiveness of their organizational forms and size. The indicated problem requires solving tasks that are primarily aimed at finding the most effective organizational structure and size of the created and existing agricultural integrated formations, not only from the standpoint of evaluating efficiency based on the analysis of technical and economic indicators, but also from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of management, accelerating the movement of information, etc. It is argued that the organizational structure of an integrated agricultural formation is characterized not only by the totality of the constituent production units and their interrelations, but also by the structure of the management apparatus, which is defined as a set of relations and connections between divisions and management levels. Accordingly, when evaluating the effectiveness of organizational decisions, it is necessary to take into account not only general methodological problems, but also specific difficulties that arise in each specific task of making an organizational decision. The expediency of applying a multi-criteria approach to assessing the effectiveness of organizational forms of large integrated agricultural formations, in particular megafarms, is substantiated. The method of multi-criteria selection of the best variant of organizational solution of specific practical tasks is proposed, consisting of three stages: structuring of goals and objectives; formation of a variety of organizational solutions; development and justification of the procedure for comparing organizational solutions.
Properties of sod-podzolic soil in European Russia with drip irrigation of the fruit nursery
Authors: Dubenok N N , Gemonov A V , Lebedev A V , Efimov O E , Prokhorov A A
Published: April 2022

Drip irrigation is a method of intensifying horticulture and saves irrigation water. This method of irrigation allows you to create favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants. The study was conducted in 2018-2020. The agro-chemical and water-physical properties of sod-podzolic soil in European Russia were studied. The results of the study show that drip irrigation with sparing irrigation rates causes insignificant changes in the studied properties of sod-podzolic soil. The results obtained make it possible to scientifically design irrigation regimes in fruit nurseries.
Growing tomatoes of cocktail type in hydroponic greenhouses with use the arched holders of their raceme
Authors: Vorobyev Mikhail , Sleptsov Yuri , Bogdanova Varvara
Published: April 2022

Use of raceme’s holders for tomatoes of cocktail type was a positive effect on the number of fruits, their weight and the number of ripening fruits. To determine the significance of the differences, we used a statistical method for comparing the arithmetic means of two samples. It has been established that the weight of the fruits with raceme holders (343.7 g) differs from the weight without raceme holders (317.0 g). The difference in weight is 7.7%. The share of ripe fruits of plants with raceme holders was 93%, and without raceme holders -89%.
Cultivation of Crimean Flora Species in the Conditions of the Main Botanical Garden of Moscow: Historical and Modern Aspects
Authors: Zueva M A , Mamontov A K , Stogova A V
Published: April 2022

The results of conservation of the gene pool of the Crimean flora in the Main Botanical Garden (MBG) since 1945 are analyzed. About 240 taxa have been identified, of which about half are promising for ex situ conservation. The experience of creating a new collection of Crimean flora is presented, for which the results of the introduction of 9 taxa for more than 5 years and the features of seed germination of 4 taxa in laboratory conditions were studied. A low percentage of germination of seed samples collected in natural conditions is shown: Stipa capillata, Scabiosa argentea, Xeranthemum annum. The germination of seeds of the potentially invasive species Spartium junceum was studied with four variants of pre-sowing treatment: soaking, scalding, scarification and no treatment. The conducted studies have shown that the best indicators of seed germination of Spartium junceum after pre-sowing treatment in the form of scalding. Taxa promising for further conservation under the conditions of the MBG have been identified.
Yield of spring barley and resistance of plants to diseases depending on the protectants used
Authors: Nekrasova T P , Lukin A L , Golubtsov D N , Klimkin A F , Pichugin A P
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of research on the experiment with dressing agents on spring barley. Studies have been carried out on the effect of protectants on plant survival, yield and effectiveness of protectants against Helminthosporium root rot on barley. As a result of research, protectants were identified that had an effect on curbing plant infection and, in general, had an effect on increasing the yield of barley.
Effective hybrids of Zea mays L. under conditions of changes in the boundaries of agro-climatic zones under the influence of global warming
Authors: Larina G E , Poddymkina L M , Ayugin N P , Dyakonova M A , Morkovkin D E
Published: April 2022

The studies were carried out in the European part of Russia in the steppe zone. The response of five Zea mays L. hybrids from different maturity groups to the spatial variability of regional conditions (climate, soil quality, agricultural technology) was studied. The obtained data are necessary for scientifically substantiated selection of agro-ameliorative measures and schemes for managing the production processes of agricultural plants in the context of changes in the boundaries of agro-climatic zones under the influence of global warming. It has been established that the limiting factor in the sustainable production of corn grain in areas with insufficient heat supply is the short duration of the growing season, therefore, earlier sowing dates for early ripening and cold-resistant hybrids are necessary. For areas with insufficient moisture supply, the conditions of moisture deficiency in the summer months reduce the yield of corn grain, so it is necessary to combine the early sowing of mid-season hybrids and the methods of moisture-saving technologies.
Improving the efficiency of diesel engines of agricultural machines
Authors: Ivanov I A , Persiyanova G E
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the development process of an internal hydraulic locking system for diesel injectors, which allows to reduce fuel consumption during idling and low loads. The development of a new effect based on functional analysis and the use of the TRIZ system (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is shown. At the same time, the effect of resolving technical contradictions is used. The proposed design will allow to increase the range of the fuel flame without changing the performance of the high-pressure fuel pump, which will, by upgrading the nozzle needle, provide an improvement in the working process of the diesel engine when idling and at low loads. The proposed system can be used in diesel engines of agricultural machines, as well as in various types of transport.
Monitoring of viral and fungal diseases of potatoes in East Kazakhstan
Authors: Nikolaeva V N , Dolanbayeva G T , Khosnutdinova T S , Bogdanova X O , Zharkova S V
Published: April 2022

The presented article discusses ways to solve a very important problem concerning both agricultural producers and the population of any country - the cultivation and production of a sufficient number of potato tubers. Modern varieties of potatoes cultivated in the fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan are capable of yielding marketable tubers of more than 100 c/ha, but they realize their biological potential under production conditions by 15-30% [12]. A long process of vegetative reproduction of a culture contributes to the progressive accumulation of viral, viroid, fungal, and bacterial pathogens in plants [2]. The most effective way to improve the health of seed material at present is to obtain a healthy material based on the method of micropropagation [2-3; 12]. Potato varieties resistant to late blight were experimentally identified: Tavria, Vostochny-1 and Sante, in addition, varieties Vostochny-1 and Sante showed resistance to the Y virus.
The influence of biological preparations presowing seed treatment on the spring soft wheat yield formation in conditions of Altai Krai Ob region
Authors: Zharkova S V , Nechaeva A V , Nikolaeva V N , Sokolova L V , Manylova O V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studying the effect of growth-stimulating preparations on the spring wheat yield: humates and obtained by explosive autohydrolysis from vegetable raw materials (pine needles, oat chaff, sunflower husks, high-moor peat). The experiment was carried out in the Ob region forest-steppe conditions. It is shown that the highest yields are formed when seeds are treated with the preparations based on pine needles and Lignohumate. The coefficient of variability of the attribute “Yield” over the years did not exceed 10%, which shows the stability of it formation by the experimental variants.
Formation of prerequisites for reforming the dairy cattle breeding system
Authors: Titorenko K V , Zhichkin K A , Lopatkin D S , Romanova Ju A , Sharipov F F , Ayugin N P
Published: April 2022

The article examines the need for agriculture in the Russian Federation in the restructuring of the principles of reorganization of the breeding system on the example of dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the dairy farming industry in the region and propose directions for further development. Within the framework of the study, it is planned to solve the following tasks: - to analyze the situation in pedigree cattle breeding in the Russian Federation and to identify the main trends; - to determine the peculiarities of the state of breeding in the Samara region on the example of the “Kryazh” breeding plant; - to propose measures to improve breeding in dairy cattle breeding. The results of the study prove that the effectiveness of the Soviet breeding system (in terms of productivity) is very low, which indicates the need for its reorganization on the principles of independent breed associations. Many breeding farms are ineffective, the parameters stipulated by the legislation are violated. All this leads to a decrease in the rate of selection work in comparison with world analogues.
Species diversity assessment of shore vegetation as a basis for environmental indication and tuning for environmental management (focused on wood park ponds cascade in a metropolis)
Authors: Makeev I S , Sidorenko M V , Yunina V P , Kiseleva N Y , Bakka S V
Published: April 2022

The article submit flora and diversity investigation of the shore grass vegetation of the pond cascade of the natural monument “Schelokovsky woods park” on the area of the metropolis Nizhny Novgorod. The ratio of the environmental groups of flora and vegetation were determined concerned to humidity. The indices of species richness, diversity and evenness of species (Margalef Shannon, Simpson, Pielou) were estimated., a cluster analysis of spatial heterogeneity was made, and the environmentak conditions were indicated with D.N. Tsyganov score scale. The disturbance of vegetation on the banks of water bodies was assessed by the participation of ruderal species in the composition and cover abundance.
Landscape differentiation of the territory of the watershed area of the Birlya river (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)
Authors: Astashin A E , Badin M M , Pashkin O N , Vatina O E , Fomina A I
Published: April 2022

The territory of the watershed basin of the Birlya River is located in a zone of broad-leaved forests, characterized by high anthropogenic pressure on the landscape (high plowing and relatively high population density). These circumstances determine the high demand for the landscape zoning scheme, which is necessary for the effective organization of environmental and recreational activities. The article presents the results of landscape differentiation of the territory of the watershed basin of the Birlya river of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia), performed at the hierarchical level of landscape types. The work is based on the materials of the field research, conducted in the summer of 2020. During the research 5 types of landscapes were identified.
Environmental Aspect Beef Cattle on Smallholder Farms
Authors: Zairiful  , Candra A. A. , Irwani N.
Published: April 2022

Public awareness of the importance of animal protein makes meat as one of the livestock products that is increasingly in demand. Beef cattle are one of the most popular livestock in the livestock sector. The ability of beef cattle to produce meat in both quality and quantity is influenced by genetic and environmental aspects. Environmental aspects that influence are maintenance, feed, reproductive management and health. One of the efforts to increase beef cattle productivity is through disease control. One of the diseases that cause reduced live weight of beef cattle is intestinal worms. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis in one of the people’s beef cattle centers, namely Negeri Katon sub-district, Pesawaran district. Stool samples were taken from smallholder farmers, then tested by the flotation method. The positive sample is then followed by an identification test to analyze the type of parasitic worm that infects. To determine the severity of infection, eggs per gram of stool were tested using the whitlock method. The prevalence of helminthiasis in the sub-district of Negeri Katon, Pesawaran Regency is 85.15%. The worms that infect the beef cattle in the sub-district of Negeri Katon, Pesawaran Regency are species of Mecistocirrus, Moniezia, Toxocara, Haemonchus sp. Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Cooperis, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris and Ostertagia sp. The highest worm/helmint infection in smallholder beef cattle in the Negeri Katon district was infection by Mecistocirrus, Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum. The moderate degree of worm infection is infection caused by Haemonchus sp, Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, Ostertagia sp, Mecistocirrus, Moniezia, and Toxocara.
Different Levels of Protein in Complete Feed Silage Based on Cassava Leaves on The Local Goats Performance
Authors: Noviadi R , Candra A A , Putri D D
Published: April 2022

Protein is an important nutrient for building body tissues so it must be available in feeds in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of goats for basic living and production. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of different protein tingkats in cassava leaves complete feed silage on the performance of goats. The research was carried out in March-August 2021 at the Research Center of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Lampung State Polytechnic. A total of 24 goats were used in the study using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments applied were different protein levels in complete feed silage based on cassava leaves R0 = 12%; Rl = 13%; R2 = 14%; R3 = 15%; R4 = 16%; R5 = 17%. The results showed that different levels of protein in complete feed silage based on cassava leaves affected the performance of local goats and the highest feed consumption was obtained at a protein level of 17%, the highest average daily gain at a protein level of 17%, and the lowest feed conversion ratio at a protein level of 14%.
Timing of Extraction With Ultrasonic Bath System to Improve the Yield and Chemical Characteristics of Cassava Starch
Authors: Zukryandry  , Hidayat Beni , Muslihudin
Published: April 2022

Generally, cassava starch can be obtained through conventional extraction, but over time, process development using extraction methods continues to be carried out to obtain starch with optimal quality and quantity. One method that can be used is extraction using an ultrasonic bath system. The aim of the research was to obtain the optimal conditions (processing time) for an ultrasonic bath system for cassava extraction to produce starch with optimal yields and to determine the chemical characteristics of the cassava starch product. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The factor studied is the time of the ultrasonic bath system which consists of 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes at a temperature of 40°C. The results showed that the longer the ultrasonic bath system, the higher the cassava starch yield is 24.56%. Ultrasonic bath system does not result in a significant change in chemical characteristics.
Toxicity and Compatibility of Botanical Insecticide From Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum), Lime (Citrus Aurantifolia) and Garlic (Allium Sativum) Essential oil Against Callasobruchus Chinensis L
Authors: Nuryanti NSP , Yuriansyah  , Budiarti L
Published: April 2022

Cowpea beetle of Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is one of the primary storage pests of green beans that can reduce the beans’ quality and quantity. Plant essential oils are known to have insecticidal activity against insect pests. The study aims to investigate the toxicity, oviposition deterrence, and compatibility of botanical insecticides formulas of Syzygium aromaticum, Citrus aurantifolia, and Allium sativum essential oils to C. chinensis. The essential oils were obtained by distillation method. Contact and fumigant methods were used to test the toxicity of the oils. The toxicity levels (LC50and LC95) were analyzed. The three essential oils tested were toxic and also had oviposition deterrent to C. chinensis. A. sativum essential oil showed the highest toxic (LC50=0.07%, LC95= 0.89%), followed with S. aromaticum (LC50= 0.08%, LC95= 0.95%), and C. aurantifolia (LC50= 0.07%, LC95= 1.21%) after 72 h contact exposure to the adults. The three essential oils also showed an oviposition deterrence. A. sativum and S. aromaticum essential oils mixture at a ratio of 1:1 showed the strongest synergistic interaction to C. chinensis. The study suggests that the essential oil formula could be developed as a potential botanical insecticide.
Attack Intensity Variety of Robusta Coffee Bean Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei Ferrari) on Four Types of Shade Plant
Authors: Hamdani  , Supriyatdi D , Erfandari O
Published: April 2022

Coffee bean borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) is the primary pest of coffee plants that can cause damage and decrease the quantity and quality of production up to 20 -30%. The aim of the study was to determine the diversity of attacks of robusta coffee powder pests on four types of shade plants. The study was conducted in Tanggamus Regency, from May to August 2021. Sampling was carried out randomly based on the type of plant given as treatment, namely (1) mixed single stem coffee plants with pepper plants, shaded single Erythrina subumbrans plants, (2) mixed stem coffee plants with cacao under the shade of Glyricidae, (3) single-stem coffee plants with mixed shade of E. subumbrans and Glyricidae, and (4) single-stem coffee with mixed shade of E. subumbrans and mindri plants. The results showed that the level of coffee fruit pests on the four types of shade plants ranged from 15.28 -15.66 % and was not significant, while the average temperature under the shade was between 25 - 26.1 °C. The results of the regression analysis that air temperature has a negative and strong effect on the intensity of H. hampei pest attack with a regression coefficient value of 0.6231. If the temperature increases by 1°C then the intensity of H. hampei attack decreases by 0.44%
Characterization of Pectin from Cincau (Premna Oblongifolia Merr.) Leaves
Authors: Elsyana V , Alvita LR
Published: April 2022

Pectin are polymer of D-galacturonic acids that connected by α-1, 4 glucosidic. Cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) leaves known as natural source of pectin. This research was aimed to investigate the characeristics of pectin extracted from cincau leaves (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) using direct heating extraction method. The result of pectin characterization indicated that equivalent weight of 1162.72 mg, methoxyl of 5.06%, galacturonic content of 59.84%, and the degree of esterification of 48.01%. The conclusion of this study showed that pectin extracted from direct heating extraction were classified as low methoxyl pectin (esterification degree < 50%).
Impact of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Application on Growth Three Cauliflower Cultivars
Authors: Taisa R , Jumawati R , Kartina R
Published: April 2022

This research aims to study the growth response of three cauliflower cultivars due to the application of liquid organic fertilizer on organic farming, to find the best concentration of liquid organic fertilizer in increasing growth of three cauliflower cultivars, and to study the interaction between concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and cultivars on growth of cauliflower. This research used a randomized block design (RBD) arranged in factorial with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the cauliflower cultivar (Snow white, Diamond 40, and PM 126), and the second factor is the dosage of liquid organic fertilizer (0, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The results showed that (1) the application of organic fertilizer is significant to increasing the plant height (2) PM 126 cultivar was a better response to cultivate on organic farming in Lampung; (3) No interaction between the dosage of liquid organic fertilizer and cauliflower cultivar on growth of cauliflower.
Effect of Potassium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate and Sucrose Concentration on Potato Growth and Development by In Vitro
Authors: Pradana O C P , Maulida D , Zaini A H
Published: April 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a staple food belonging to the three most important crops worldwide. In the recent five years, potato production in Indonesia tended to decline. One of the factors that cause the low productivity of potatoes is the limited availability of superior seeds. Micropropagation is the alternative to the conventional propagation of potatoes. The seed production technique of potatoes can be designed with in vitro multiplication through either plantlet regeneration or micro tuber production. This research aimed to investigate the effect of sucrose and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate concentration on potato var Granola growth and development by in vitro. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Proliteknik Negeri Lampung, from August to October 2021. Treatments were factorially arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications, each replication consisted of three culture bottles containing one explant. Data analysis using ANOVA and HSD test. The result of this research showed that the best growth and development of potato culture was obtained on media containing 340 mg.l-1 potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate and 60 g.l-1 sucrose.
Delignification of Oil Palm Empty Bunch with Compressive Heat and Naoh Concentration in Separate Lignosellulose
Authors: Hartari WR , Delvitasari F , Sarono  , Undadraja B
Published: April 2022

Delignification is a pretreatment in bioethanol processing to separate lignin and cellulose in materials containing lignocellulose such as TKKS. In the delignification process, some lignin will be dissolved. This study aimed to determine the lignocellulosic content in TKKS using the pressurized heat method and the concentration of NaOH. The study was conducted by preparing TKKS samples for alkaline delignification (NaOH) with various concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Then delignification was carried out using a hot autoclave with an absolute pressure of 4 bar, at a temperature of 120°C for 30 and 60 minutes. The research data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with the Polynomial Orthogonal follow-up test. The results showed that the cellulose obtained was most abundant at 10% NaOH concentration within 30 minutes, namely 58.33%, and the lowest was at 30% NaOH concentration with 47.3% 60 minutes. Then the highest hemicellulose was found in 10% NaOH concentration with a time of 30 minutes, namely 18.25%, and the lowest was at 30% NaOH with 30 minutes, namely 9.03%. Then the highest Lignin at 10% NaOH concentration with a time of 30 minutes is 10.14%, and the lowest at 30% NaOH concentration with a time of 60 minutes is 3.3%.
Analysis Food Security of Rice Farmers Through Efforts Optimization of Swamp Land in East Lampung Regency
Authors: Berliana D , Fitri A , Sutarni
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of lowland rice farmers on optimizing the use of swamp land into rice fields, analyzing rice farming income after optimizing the use of swamp land into rice fields in an effort to support food security, analyzing consumption expenditures and household food security of rice farmers. The research location is in Braja Selebah District in East Lampung Regency. This is because Braja Selebah Sub-district is one of the sub-districts that implements optimization of land use (swamp land into rice fields) with the Serasi Program (Congratulations for the Prosperity of Rawa for Farmers). The number of respondents in this study were 30 people based on simple random sampling technique. The data analysis method used to determine the perception of lowland rice farmers on the optimization of the use of swamp land into rice fields in this study was all data obtained were tabulated, then analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The income analysis carried out in this study is to calculate the income of rice farmers who follow the Serasi program and to measure the level of food security of farmer households using the Food Expenditure Share (PPP) approach. The results of this study are that On average, 63.3% of farmers know about rice cultivation in swamps and the attitude of farmers to rice cultivation in swamps. 60% of respondent farmers feel very happy. Proportion of farmers’ food expenditure is equal to 60%. The ratio of revenue to total costs is greater than 1.00, meaning that rice farming in the Lebak swamp carried out by respondent farmers is economically profitable.
Energy Consumption for Patchouli Oil Extraction Using Ohmic Heating
Authors: Sofi’i Imam , Arifin Zainal , Oktafrina
Published: April 2022

Currently, the process of releasing patchouli oil is carried out by extraction, water-steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. A new method for extracting patchouli by hydro distillation using electric voltage by ohmic heating has not been widely used. This paper aims to determine the energy requirements for extraction using ohmic heating. The method used is to make an extraction tool using electricity and extract the dried patchouli leaves. The electricity used for extraction is AC electricity with voltages of 90 V, 100 V, and 110 V. The ratio of patchouli to water is 1:12. Observations were made on changes in voltage and electric current during the extraction process, the length of the extraction process, and the yield of patchouli oil. As a comparison, water distillation extraction method was used using an electric stove heater. The experimental results show that the energy consumption during the extraction process starting from the lowest is 3584.7 kJ (voltage 90 V), 3488.96 kJ (voltage 100 V), 3313.77 kJ (voltage 110 V) and 4386.69 kJ (voltage 220 V). The highest oil yields were 5.10 g (voltage 100 V); 3.15 g (voltage 90 V); 2.00 g (voltage 110 V); and 1.00 g (voltage 220 V). Patchouli oil extraction using ohmic heating provides higher yields and lower energy than electric stove heating.
Regeneration of Red Palestine FIG (Ficus carica L.) from Formation of Adventitious Shoots in Murashige & Skoog Media with Additional of BAP/TDZ and NAA
Authors: Erfa Lisa , Ferziana  , Maulida Desi , Mita Sari Reny , Yuniardi Fifit
Published: April 2022

The research is aim to determine the regeneration of Red Palestine fig plant by direct or indirect organogenesis; to get the best combination of auxin & cytokinin concentration to induce callus formation; and the best combination of BAP/TDZ and NAA concentrations to regenerate fig plant from adventitious shoot formation. Experimental Treatment I: TDZ 5 mg.l-1; TDZ 7 mg.l-1; 2.4D 4 Kin. 0 mg.l-1; 2.4D 4 Kin. 0.25 mg.l-1; 2.4D 4 Kin. 0.5 mg.l-1; IBA 2 TDZ 1 mg.l-1; IBA 2 TDZ 2 mg.l-1; IBA 4 TDZ 1 mg.l-1; and IBA 4 TDZ 2 mg.l-1. Experimental Treatment II : BAP 2 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1; BAP 2 NAA 0.5 mg.l-1; BAP 3 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1; BAP 3 NAA 0.5 mg.l-1; TDZ 5 mg.l-1 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1; TDZ 5 NAA 0.5 mg.l-1; TDZ 7 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1; and TDZ 7 mg.l-1 NAA 0.5 mg.l-1. The research used randomized block design with 4 replications. The data were analyzed for variance and then Tukey’s HSD at 5% level. The results showed about Red Palestine fig regeneration through indirect organogenesis; the best combination for callus induction were IBA 2 TDZ 1 mg.l-1; and the best treatment for regeneration of adventitious shoots were BAP 2 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1 followed by TDZ 7 NAA 0.25 mg.l-1.
Linearity Graph in the Prediction of Granular Active Carbon (GAC) Adsorption Ability
Authors: Cendekia Děvy , Ayu Afifah Dian , Hanifah Windia
Published: April 2022

Detergent waste or greywater is the waste generated from most cleaning products. The existing cleaning products generally contain compounds that threaten the life of aquatic biota, so special treatment is needed in the disposal of their waste. Several studies have stated that activated carbon is a good medium for the adsorption of detergent waste. This research aims to find out maximum ability of activated carbon as a waste adsorption medium detergent. So that the necessary initial analysis of the quality of activated carbon for maximizing the performance of activated carbon as an adsorption medium detergent waste. Iodine absorption analysis can be used as an initial reference in determining the quality of adsorption media. Iodine absorption linearity test using concentrations of 0.025 N, 0.05 N, 0.1 N, 0.15 N, 0.2 N carried out on granular activated carbon which will be used as an adsorption medium. Based on the graphic linearity determination coefficient values obtained at 0, 99. In other words, the absorption of GAC is influenced by iodine concentration, with the correlation between the two variables being opposite. Increasing the concentration of iodine will be accompanied by a decrease in the absorption of iodine. This shows that using GAC as an adsorption medium, it is necessary to take into account the pollutant content of the detergent waste and the contact time of GAC to the pollutant (adsorbate). To be effective as an adsorption medium, the calculation of pollutant levels of detergent waste needs to be analyzed as an initial reference in determining the required contact time. Estimated contact time will affect the design of the adsorbent media for activated carbon-based detergent waste.
Fuzzy Logic Design to Control the Duration of Irrigation Time in the Greenhouse
Authors: Widyawati D K , Ambarwari A
Published: April 2022

Automatic irrigation is not new, this method has been invented by mankind to irrigate large areas of land through drip irrigation systems. The system is implemented to reduce water wastage in irrigation. In greenhouse irrigation control, computerized control is very important to increase productivity. On the other hand, conventional irrigation control in greenhouses is not effective, because it is based on on-off or proportional control. This paper presents a solution to control irrigation time duration based on fuzzy logic method. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was developed using the Mamdani method. FLC is built on the NodeMCU ESP8266 board mounted with a DHT22 and soil moisture sensor. Temperature and water content in the soil parameters are used as input for fuzzy logic to determine the duration of irrigation time. The linguistic values used as fuzzy membership functions include soil moisture (water, wet, dry), temperature (cold, normal, hot), and watering time (zero, short, medium, long). Based on the membership function, 9 fuzzy rule bases are determined. The testing results on fuzzy logic built on NodeMCU ESP8266 with fuzzy logic built on MATLAB software obtained an average error of 0.59%.
The Effect of Suction Refrigerant Pressure Changes on the Performance of the Freeze-Drying System
Authors: Wardika  , Fauzun  , Setiawan Aa , Indriyanawati Dewi
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pressure changes on the performance of the freeze-drying refrigeration system. This research method is to vary the suction pressure of 10psi, 20psi, and 30psi on the performance of the freeze dryer cooling system where the type of refrigerant used is R404A with a compressor capacity of 1.5PK. Based on the test of this tool, the performance of the freeze-drying system produces Actual COP values at various pressures of 10psi, 20psi pressure, and 30psi pressure with values of 2.13, 2.44, 2.50, respectively. While the Carnot COP values for the variation of refrigerant suction pressure are 2.77, 3.03, and 3.10, respectively. While the efficiency values for pressure variations are 76.84%, 78.90%, and 82.25% of these values, it can be said that the highest efficiency value is at 30psi pressure. so it can be concluded that the freeze-drying machine that we make will work well at a pressure of 30 psi
Utilization of Waste Cellulose Raw Material for Making Paper Pulp
Authors: Rimadhanti Ningtyas Kurnia , Nugraha Agassi Taufik , Gina Putri Pridata
Published: April 2022

Paper consumption in Indonesia in 2003 reached 5.31 million tons, in 2004 the need for paper consumption reached 5.40 million tons. Meanwhile, in 2005, paper consumption reached 5.61 million tons and in 2009 it reached 7.50 million tons, and this figure continues to increase by 3% - 4% every year. The increase in consumption and the paper industry in Indonesia will be accompanied by an increase in the need for the main raw material for pulp and paper, namely wood so that environmental damage will occur. Alternative materials other than wood which contain cellulose and can be used for pulp and paper manufacture are Empty Palm Fruit Bunches (EFB) and coconut fiber. Mixed fiber paper or often called composite paper, is paper made from a mixture of two or more kinds of paper pulp with other materials. Composite paper can be made using the pulp of EFB mixed with coconut fiber using a banana peel binder. This study aims to determine the mixture of EFB pulp, coconut coir pulp, and banana peel binder so that it can be obtained mixed fiber paper with tear resistance and tensile strength which is most suitable to be applied as an alternative to packaging paper. Based on the pulp produced from research that has been carried out, the cellulose content ranged from 46,4316% until 48,4993%, and hemicellulose ranged between 18,2699% until 20,7593%. With a high cellulose content, samples of EFB raw materials and coconut fiber can be used as raw materials for making paper.
Microseismic and Focal Mechanism Analyses for Structural Interpretation – Muara Laboh Geothermal Field
Authors: Wibowo Djoko A. , Ramadhan Irvan , Agoes Nugroho Indra , Baroek Marino C. , Ganefianto Novi , Azis Herwin , Suryantini  , Sahara David P. , Mozef Prima W.
Published: April 2022

Microseismic monitoring has been used for gathering subsurface information in Geothermal field as part of reservoir monitoring and management plan. New micro earthquake (MEQ) stations were installed in the Muara Laboh geothermal field in the end of 2019, coinciding with the first operation of Unit-1. They have been continuously used to monitor the MEQ events until now. This paper discusses MEQ data analyses to support the subsurface structural interpretation in the Muara Laboh geothermal field. Geothermal production and injection activities create micro seismicity which is triggered by stress failure in fractures / fault planes due to percolation of fluid within fractures network. Distribution of hypocenter locations and magnitude are analyzed, considering highly operational activities, rock mechanic and slip orientation. There are two micro seismicity clusters observed, namely South and North clusters. The South cluster represents 80% of the total recorded micro seismicity events, having NE – SW trend direction; while the North cluster consists of 10% of the total events, correlated with the NNW – SSE structural trend direction. Focal mechanism analysis explains that micro seismicity observed on extended fault zone in the south is thought to be correlated with the distributed fractured network on the hanging wall of normal fault. It is shown by some micro seismicity swarms identified in the south basin-sidewall fault area. These orientations support the current kinematic model of the Muara Laboh geothermal field derived from the structural geology mapping and borehole image logs.
Field Application Review of Scale Removal on Geothermal Wells and Surface Production Facilities Using True Fluidics Oscillator (TFO)-Pulsating Waves Method Technology
Authors: Kushonggo Luhung , Berian Pratama Heru , Sutopo  , Supriyono Anton
Published: April 2022

Mineral deposition or scale is the main problem faced in geothermal energy management activities that occur in wells and in production facilities that cause a decrease in power plants’ capacity. Scales are formed naturally and cannot be prevented because it is associated with reservoir and operational conditions that are widely found in Indonesian geothermal systems, predominantly liquid dominated ones, therefore the advantaged technology is needed to clean the scale (scale removal) so that the ability of wells and power plant capacity is maintained. This research aims to offer the alternative method for scale removal using the True Fluidics Oscillator (TFO)-Pulsating Waves Method. This method combines mechanical processes, chemical processes, and wave processes simultaneously to provide solutions to clean scales inside or outside the production casing or perforation zone. This oscillator creates pulsating pressure waves within the wellbore and formation fluids. These pressure waves help to break up any type of near-wellbore damage and restore the permeability by carrying the fluid past the wellbore into the formation. The pressure waves expand in a spherical fashion from the point of origin providing 360° coverage while moving the tool across the interval. The TFO is not affected by standoff from the surface to be cleaned and TFO efficiently transfers the kinetic energy of the fluid pumped to the damaged zone. The use of TFO in conjunction with any chemical treatments will greatly enhance the chemical surface contact area. Technical and economic analysis of the operation of TFO is needed to be applied appropriately to the condition of geothermal systems in Indonesia by using examples of cases in the Central Java Geothermal Field to know the feasibility of the technology.
Evaluation of Successful Matrix Acidizing Method in A Geothermal Well with Comparative Sensitivity of Acid Fluid Models, Volume, and Concentration: A Case Study on Well “X”
Authors: Prasetya Dwi Aurianto Muhammad , Taha Maulana Dimas , Chandra Steven
Published: April 2022

One of the challenges in producing a well is formation damage. Stimulation treatment is known can improve production by removing the formation damage. Matrix acidizing is the most known and proven effective for stimulation treatment. Three matrix acidizing models for sandstone are commonly used, i.e., Dowell, McLeod, and Kalfayan. Matrix acidizing study is conducted in geothermal sandstone formation well with quartz and silica dominated. Five acid fluid models will be injected to compare and evaluate the result of skin factor and productivity index during acidizing. Five types of acid will be used 12% HCl - 3% HF (Dowell model), 6% HCl – 1.5% HF (McLeod model), 10% HCl – 5% HF (Kalfayan model), 5% HF main acid, and using 9% HF main acid. This study uses well performance calculation and analysis to determine whether this well is a good candidate for acidizing. This study presents the sensitivity of the acid fluid model, volume and concentration injected to determine the optimum result of matrix acidizing design in this well. The result consists of the skin factor value after acidizing and the productivity index ratio before acidizing and after acidizing (FOI).
Preliminary Study on Geothermal Direct Utilization: A Case Study of Greenhouse Optimization at Wayang Windu Geothermal Area
Authors: Yakana Berian Zagy , Dzikri Khusaini Reza
Published: April 2022

West Java Province in Indonesia has a geothermal district, one of the existing power plants is Wayang Windu. Besides the geological factors, the development of geothermal energy is determined by socio-economic. This paper examines the preliminary study of direct geothermal energy utilization in a tea plantation in Malabar, Indonesia. The land that has not been cultivated yet is available in that area, and it is near the Wayang Windu. The greenhouse design for 1 hectare which divided into six bays using a cascade cycle from Wayang Windu power plant. This study select capsicum annuum as a case study regarding the opportunity to produce in Bandung City. The minimum heat supply for the greenhouse is 1.25 MW from the hot wastewater from Wayang Windu. The estimation of the greenhouse will reduce carbon emission by around 84% compare with industrial diesel oil (IDO).
Carbon Emissions Reduction in Geothermal Drilling Project: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Rizqi Al Asy’ari M. , Tobing Jerry , Purba Dorman , Fadhillah Ferdino R. , Kandou Shaquille B. T. , Adityatama Daniel W.
Published: April 2022

The global increase of carbon emissions needs to be reduced to keep incremental global warming below 2 degrees. However, in the last decades, Indonesia’s energy supply and demand have been highly dependent on fossil fuels, contributing to high carbon emissions. Most of the non-renewable energy demand comes from transportation and electrification. While in drilling activity, diesel engines produce carbon emissions for mobilization, drilling operation, and site electrification. Carbon emissions reduction is part of the policy of several giant energy companies to achieve net-zero emissions to support environmental sustainability, echoed by Paris Agreement 2015. This preliminary study aims to comprehensively evaluate the activities that generate carbon emissions in geothermal drilling projects. With the case study, the authors offer a numerical approach of emissions calculation that covers from the planning phase until post-operation calculation, including logistics and equipment used in the drilling project. As a result, the authors provide an integrated analysis regarding efficiency options for geothermal drilling operations. This study also proposes a simple economic analysis to achieve lower carbon emissions. From an operational perspective, emissions reduction could be achieved by making resources movement and transportation more efficient, thus directly reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Furthermore, biodiesel and renewable energy to substitute diesel will lower emissions and energy consumption for regular generators and transportation. Moreover, several operational efficiency options that can help reduce carbon emissions are discussed in this research. Then, the digitalization era also plays an important role in increasing efficiency for lowering carbon footprint. Briefly, this research is considered useful for the industry that seeks to deliver an integrated effort to reduce carbon emissions during a geothermal drilling operation. It will serve as a reference to increase awareness in mitigating emissions in geothermal drilling projects to achieve lower carbon drilling operations.
Growth and Yield Response of Lowland Rice to Form and Dosage of Bio-fertilizer at Different Plant Spacing
Authors: Patriyawaty N R , Yursida  , Agustina K , Ikhwani
Published: April 2022

Expanding rice planting areas is one of Government’s strategy that could overcome increasing rice demand nationally. However the more rice planting areas the more chemical fertilizer used, which has a deleterious side effect on the soil, environment and high in cost production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a less or without chemical fertilizer rice production system through applying biofertilizer and combining with a proper cultivation technology such as management on plant spacing. An experiment was conducted at Pusakanagara Research Station, Indonesia during August to December 2018 to evaluate the effect of form and dosage of biofertilizer application at different plant spacing toward the growth and yield response of lowland rice. The experiment was arranged in split-split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was plant spacing, i.e T1 – Jajar Legowo pattern 2:1 (25 cm - 50 cm) x 12,5 cm and T2 – Jajar Legowo Pattern 4:1 (25 cm - 50 cm) x 12,5 cm. The sub-plot was form of biofertilizer, i.e W1 – powder and W2 – granule, while the sub-sub-plot was dosage of biofertilizer, i.e P0 – without biofertilizer (control), P1 – 150 g/ha, P2 – 250 g/ha, and P3 – 300 g/ha. The result showed The interaction between plant spacing (T) x form of biofertilizer (W) x dosage of biofertilizer (P) affected significant on tiller number and panicle length and not significantly at the yield and yield components of lowland rice soil. The highest yield at control with the powder form at Jajar Legowo pattern 2:1 was 8.7 t/ha miled dry grain, but not significantly different from other biofertilizer dosage level. Applying biofertilizer at a rate of 150 g/ha in the form of powder at Jajar Legowo pattern 2:1 could increase grain yield up to 2.5 t/ha more than Jajar Legowo pattern 4:1.