bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construct a Structural Model for Family Function of the Family with Chronic Mental Disorder
Authors: Han Kuem Sun , Kim Young Ja , Lee Pyoung Sook , Lee Sook Ja , Park Eun Sook , Park Young Joo , Ryu Ho-Sihn , Kang Hyun Chul
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model for family function of the family with chronic mental disorder. Methods: The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. Data were collected by questionnaires from 365 the family with chronic mental disorder a National Mental Health Hospital and a General Hospital. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8,0Program for Covariance structural analysis.Results: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 6 path and including free parameters to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(X2 =339.84, p=0.0, GFI-.98, AGFI-.90, NNFI=95, RMSR=.01, RMSEA=.O4). The family hardiness, sense of coherence, and the family coping were found to have significant direct effect on family function of the family with chronic mental disorder. The pile-up stress were found to have indirect effects on family function of the family with chronic mental disorder. Conclusion: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting family function of the family with chronic mental disorder. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.
A Study on the Recognition for Psychiatric Patients of Nursing Students
Authors: Suh Moon-Sook
Published: November 2024

The recognition for psychiatric patients of nursing students is different from that for other patients. The prejudice or incorrect understanding of the psychiatric patients has been widely spreading even to nursing students.The purpose of this study was to identify to recognition of nursing students through Q-methodology.A sample was development through a review literature, in-depth interviews and open questionnaire. Thirty four statements made up the finalized Q-sample.The P sample consisted of 56 nursing students in J College. Q-statements were written separate cards and were given to the 34 subjects sort according to degree of agreement and disagreement. The Q-sort by each subject were coded and analyzed with Quanl PC program. The analysis discovered four major recognition, “type 1: positive open”, “type 2: psychological burden”，“type 3: conditional accept”, “type 4: positive restriction”.This study leads nursing students to recognize and understand psychiatric patients in a positive way and facilitates more appropriate strategies to develop further psychiatric mental health nursing curriculum.The author suggests that this result is adequately applied to nursing students during the clinical experience in the psychiatric unit. This study will surely help nursing students to understand nursing educators and clinical nursing staff.Finally, faculty members should provide empathetic support and effective educational environment with the students. Also, effective guide program is required to improve students' motivation and satisfaction with nursing as a major.
Construct a Structural Model for Quality of Life of Chronic Circulatory Disorder
Authors: Han Kuem-Sun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model for quality of life of chronic circulatory disorder. Methods: The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model. Data were collected by questionnaires from 413 patients with chronic circulatory disorder in a General Hospital. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.0 Program for Covariance structural analysis. Results: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 9 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(x2 =944.34, p=0.0, GFI=0.86, AGFI=0.80, NNFI=0.87, RMSR=0.03, RMSEA=0.07). The perceived barrier, health promoting behavior, self-efficacy, and self-esteem were found to have significant direct effect on quality of life of chronic circulatory disorder. The health concept, health perception, and emotional state were found to have indirect effects on quality of life of chronic circulatory disorder. Conclusion: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting quality of life of chronic circulatory disorder. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.
A Study of Anger and Health Status in Middle Aged Women
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Koo Hyun Young
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the level of state anger, trait anger, mode of anger expression, and health status, and find out the factors affecting health status in middle aged women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 147 middle aged women. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include Spielbergefs ST A XI( State-T rait Anger Expression Inventory) and Brodman's CMI(CorneIl Medical Index). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program. Results: The health status of middle aged women correlated state anger, trait anger, anger-in, anger-out, and anger-control of them. The anger-control of middle aged women negatively related anger-out and trait anger of them. The significant predictor influencing health status in middle aged women were anger-in, anger-control, possession of house, and illness of family, and these predictors account for 30.7% of the variance in health status. Conclusion: The above findings indicated that anger-in and anger-control are major factors influencing health status in middle aged women. Therefore nursing intervention for reducing anger-in and improving anger-control should be provided for middle aged women.
A Study of Change Mechanism in Smoking Behavior among Female Adolescents
Authors: Hyun Myung Sun , Lee Young Ja , Nam Kyoung A
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was to identify the change mechanism that female adolescents use to progress through the smoking behavior change. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The data was collected from December, 2003 to January, 2004. The subjects included in this study were 125 female high school students in smoking or in smoking cessation. To identify the change mechanism, the factor analysis of the change mechanism (40 items) suggested by Prochaska et al.(1988) was conducted. Results: Nine factors of change mechanism were identified - emotional appraisal, counter conditioning, self-regulation, reinforcement management, helping relationship, seif-determination, environmental reevaluation, social liberation, consciousness raising. Self-regulation change mechanism among those nine factors was found to include items related to both experiential and behavioral dimensions, therefore, this change mechanism can be considered as transitional one. Conclusion: Those change mechanism that female high school students use to progress through behavior change in this study identified in this study can provide the framework in developing programs for helping smoking cessation among female adoiescents.
A Study of Factors Influencing Increase of School Resilience for the Development of Adolescent Community Mental Health Service Model
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Lee Chung Sook , Choi Bong Sil
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of school resilience and protective factor and effective protective factor on the school resilience in order to develop an adolescent community mental health service model for increase of school resilience based on the Model for School Resilience Development(Hernandez, 1993). Methods: Descriptive and correlational study was conducted to investigate the degree of school resilience and protective factor and effective protective factor on the school resilience from December 23, 2003 to May 30, 2004 and the process and results of this study were as follows: Results: 1) The score of family protective factor was highest and that of community protective factor was lowest among protective factors. In family protective factor, family support, rearing attitude and interest in learning, and in individual protective factor, internal locus of control, interpersonal relationship and responsibility were over average 3.0. 2) According to school achievement, there was highest significant difference among general characteristics in school resilience, individual, school, family and community protective factor. 3) The higher the score of individual, school, family and community was, the higher the score of school resilience was. Teacher support and responsibility were strong predictors of school resilience. Conclusion: This study was to investigate the degree of school resilience and protective factor and effective protective factor on the school resilience. Based on these results, the adolescent community mental health service model for increase of school resilience was presented in a community mental health center. This service model should be further developed, demonstrated and modified with refined research methodology and community based mental health approach.
A Study on Meaning of the Elderly for Dementia Center Workers
Authors: Park In Sook , Kwak Myung Soon , Lee Jong Ae
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine what senior citizens meant for medical personnels and volunteers who took care of those who suffered from dementia in a bid to help them provide a better care for them. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2003 to February 2004 by using Q-method. P sample consisted of 33 medical personnels and volunteers who took care of elderly people with dementia. The collected data were analyzed with Quanl computer program, and concerning Q-factors, principal component analysis was made. Results: There appeared five types: Denying, Pay back to society, Accepting, Caring and Self-accomplishing. Those five factors made a 75.35% prediction. Conclusions: The employees of dementia centers took a positive view of the elderly. They had an adaptive attitude toward old age or regarded elderly as those who could contribute to society and should be well cared. The workers who take care of elderly people should be educated about their significance and traits on elders in order to provide better nursing services to dementia elders.
The Effect of a Structured Group Therapy on Self-esteem and Anger in Delinquents
Authors: Lee Eun Jin
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a structured group therapy on self-esteem and anger in delinquents. This study employed a two-group pre-post test study design. The data was collected from 21 subjects from April 22 to June 13, 2003 at N middle school in Seoul, Korea. 11 subjects were in the controlled group and 10 subjects were in the experimental group. Methods: The structured group therapy used in this study was developed based on real therapy, logotherapy, forgiveness and communication training. The subjects participated in a 60 minute therapy for 8 sessions. Instruments: The Self-Esteem Inventory, The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, SPSS Window. Results: The self-esteem was significantly increased and state anger was significantly decreased from pre to post in the experimental group. But, expression of anger, suppression of anger and control of anger were not significantly changed from pre to post in the experimental group. Conclusion: This structured group therapy was effective in improving the self-esteem and state anger in this sample of delinquents.
A Study of Anger and Anger Expression in Headache Patient
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Jang Eun Hee
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the level of state anger, trait anger, and mode of anger expression, and find out the relationship among study variables in headache patient. Methods: The subjects consisted of 113 headache patient. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include Spielberger's STAX 1(State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN.program. Results: State anger, trait anger, anger in, and anger out of headache patient positively related pain frequency of them. The anger control of headache patient negatively related pain frequency of them. Conclusion: Therefore nursing intervention for reducing anger in, anger out and improving anger control should be provided for headache patient.
Study for Recognition of Mental Illness between Nurse and the General Public
Authors: Chung Myung-Sill , Yoon Kyung-Joon
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to show the understanding and attitude of mental disease between nurse and the general public. Methods: The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. Data were collected by questionnaires from 280 the nurse and general public. Data analysis was done with SPSS/win 10.0 program for chi-square test. Results: About feeling when one encounters a person with mental illness and about neurosis, nurses and often professionally educated persons and more affirmative and think as a well curing than the general public. Conclusion: In the future, to overcome the bias of mental illness, the public needs to be continually and systematically educated with good scientific information that is accessible to the general public, this training should be based on the newest information.
Correlation between Quality of Life and Health Promoting Behaviors among Hospital Staff Nurses
Authors: Han Kuem Sun , Kim Jeong Hwa , Lee Kwang Mi , Park Ji Sun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship quality of life and health promoting behavior among hospital staff nurses. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 249 hospital staff nurses in General Hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The score of quality of life showed significantly positive correlation with the score of health promoting behavior, social support, coping behavior, and hardiness. The quality of life showed significantly negative correlation with the score of burnout. The most powerful predictor of quality of life was burnout and the variance explained was 15%. A combination of burnout, health promoting behavior, coping behavior, self efficacy, and hardiness account for 33% of the variance in quality of life among hospital staff nurses. Conclusion: This study suggest that burnout, health promoting behavior, coping behavior, self efficacy, hardiness, and social support are significantly influencing factors on quality of life among hospital staff nurses.
A Study on Rehabilitation Program and Satisfaction for the Mental Health Disorders in the Residential Facilities
Authors: Lee Ok Ja , Kim Hye Suk
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was investigated to prepare effective rehabilitation programs and vocational rehabilitation plans for inmates of residential facilities for the mental health disorders. Methods: The total number of subjects was 117 and data were analyzed by using frequency analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Disease related characteristics of mental health disorders of residential facilities is mostly schizophrenia with 70.1%. The average disease period was 9.45 year(SD=7.73). The decision for residential facilities was made by the self was 41.4%.Period of facility utilization is mean 1,39 year(SD=1.34). Usage of rehabilitation program is more than 70-80%.Daily life technical training was 90.5%, and the family education was 56%. The desire of job rehabilitation of mental health disorders is 96.6%. The reasons for vocational needs showed that 61.9% was economical independence. As for the rehabilitation program satisfaction along a general characteristic, a case satisfaction with an occupation(t=4.08, p<0.01), a case with a family in drug administration(t=-1 .74, p<0.05), a case with family pressure in a oneself entrance decision(t=2.34, p<0.05) was high. Conclusion: In this study, it was evaluated that inmates in residential facilities for the mental health disorders had active desire for vocational rehabilitation and pursued economical independence. Therefore, the support for housing facilities for the mental health disorders should be expanded nationwide in the aspect of the rehabilitation of the mental health disorders, and the change in the understanding for the disabled should be induced in the society. Also, family therapy programs should be activated and individualized rehabilitation programs should be applied for each disabled person's ability. On the other hand, rehabilitation programs including family members should be considered as a strategy for nursing intervention.
The Effects of Coping Program of Need Profile Difference on the Nursing Students' Perceptive Counseling Effectiveness
Authors: Ahn Hwang-Ran , Pai Hang-ja
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was to identify the effectiveness of coping program of need profile difference, which was implemented by nursing students for 10 days at G University hospital in J City. Methods: A Quasi-experimental research one group pretest-post test design was used in this study. The Subjects were 46 nursing students students(each 23 experimental and control group) who had been practiced in Psychiatric ward of G University Hospital. The instrument of this study was the Stiles & Snow’s the Session Evaluation Questionare(SEQ, 1984, 1989). The data were collected from May 6th. 2003 to June 8th. 2003 in Experimental group, from June 3th. 2004 to June 26th. 2004 in control group. And the data analyzed with descriptive statistics, x -test and paired t-test and t-test. Results: The changed score of smoothness in experimental group participated in the coping program of need profile difference was higher than that of control group* was supported(t=2.49, p=.017). The changed score of depth in experimental group participated in the coping program of need profile difference was higher than that of control group' was not supported(t=1.75, p=.087). The changed score of positivity in experimental group participated in the coping program of need profile difference was higher than that of control group* was supported(t=2.79, p=.008). The score changed of arousal in experimental group participated in the coping program of need profile difference was higher than that of control group' was not supported(t= .94, p=.348). The total changed score of counseling effectiveness in experimental group participated in the coping program of need profile difference was higher than that of control group' was supported(t=2.88, p=.006).Conclusion: As a result of this study, coping program of need profile difference has a positive effect on perceptive counseling effectiveness of nursing students. Thus coping program of need profile difference could be considered an useful nursing intervention program for the nursing students & psychiatric patients. And we recommend that nursing students should be trained with coping program of need profile difference during psychiatric ward practice.
Significados da amamentação por nutrizes durante e após o isolamento social na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Amorim Rebeca Paes Barreto Ponce de Leão Vasconcelos , Carvalho Camila Fernandes da Silva , Oliveira Diego Augusto Lopes , Pontes Cleide Maria
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: compreender os significados da vivência da amamentação de nutrizes durante e após o isolamento social na pandemia da Covid-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2021, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em ambiente virtual, com 14 mulheres que estavam amamentando ou que amamentaram no curso pandêmico da Covid-19. O conteúdo dos dados gravados foi processado pelo software Iramuteq® e discutido à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais e da Teoria das Redes Sociais. Resultados: os significados atribuídos pelas participantes sobre o aleitamento materno remeteram ao valor protetivo, nutritivo e afetivo. A vivência da amamentação sofreu influência da pandemia, porém as nutrizes expressaram benefícios frente ao estreitamento na relação mãe-filho. Conclusão: a amamentação é transpassada por contextos histórico, social, cultural e psicoemocional, que foram influenciados pela pandemia da Covid-19. Esse conhecimento fornece subsídios ao enfermeiro quanto ao planejamento do cuidado e educação em saúde.
Da invisibilidade à realidade: o manejo da dor de crianças hospitalizadas por agravos respiratórios
Authors: Souza Danton Matheus , Ortuño Daniella Franco , Silva Maria Luiza Lamussi Monteiro da , Carvalho Joese Aparecida , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar o manejo da dor em crianças hospitalizadas por agravos respiratórios com dor no contínuo da hospitalização. Método: estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo; conduzido em um hospital escola público em São Paulo, com prontuários de crianças hospitalizadas na divisão pediátrica em 2017. Os dados foram coletados em 2018, submetidos a análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: foram analisados os prontuários de 199 crianças com dor, sendo observado 91,4% delas com, no mínimo, uma intervenção farmacológica prescrita, recebida por 68,8%; uma criança recebeu uma intervenção não farmacológica e 25,1% tiveram sua dor reavaliada. O desfecho de realização das três etapas do manejo da dor (22,1%) foi associado a: crianças cerca de dois anos mais velhas, as que receberam intervenção farmacológica ou que tiveram a dor reavaliada e aquelas com o diagnóstico de enfermagem NANDA 00132-Dor aguda. Conclusão: o manejo da dor em crianças hospitalizadas por agravos respiratórios é desvalorizado na prática assistencial.
Mudanças ambientais, climáticas e os serviços de saúde: caminhos para mitigação
Authors: Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de , Santos Dayanne de Nazaré dos , Carvalho Letícia Barbosa de , Takolodjou Mahougnon Aïcha , Almeida Raissa Moura de , Parente Andressa Tavares
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: avaliar os cenários das alterações ambientais e das crises climáticas e suas influências sobre os serviços de saúde pública. Conteúdo: Aa alterações ambientais e as crises climáticas planetárias emergem do cenário contemporâneo, produzindo impactos multiformes que transcendem fronteiras geopolíticas. Consequentemente, observam-se lacunas significativas nos sistemas de saúde pública, no que se refere ao sistema de vigilância em saúde, considerando a atenção da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) no atendimento à população afetada. Ressalta-se, aqui, a necessidade de enfoques multidisciplinar e colaborativo, para desenvolver estas estratégias participativas. Considerações finais: as mudanças climáticas, como o aumento das ondas de calor e a intensificação de eventos extremos, impactam a saúde pública ao elevar a incidência de doenças respiratórias e transmitidas por vetores, além de sobrecarregar os serviços de saúde em regiões vulneráveis. Medidas adaptativas são essenciais para mitigar esses efeitos e fortalecer a resiliência das infraestruturas de saúde.
Educação empreendedora em enfermagem: análise em cursos de graduação de instituições públicas
Authors: Silva Juliana Lopes da , Bueno Alexandre de Assis , Evangelista Renata Alessandra , Santos Yago Hernandez Ferreira dos , Menegaz Jouhanna do Carmo , Bolina Alisson Fernandes
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar as disciplinas de empreendedorismo em cursos de enfermagem de instituições públicas de ensino superior brasileiras. Método: pesquisa documental, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em websites de 130 cursos de graduação em enfermagem das instituições públicas de ensino superior e que possuíam projeto pedagógico do curso ou matriz curricular disponíveis em domínio público. Desse total, 14 cursos ofertavam disciplina específica de empreendedorismo. Resultados: 10,8% (n=14) dos cursos de enfermagem tinham no currículo disciplina específica de empreendedorismo, sendo 78,6% delas teóricas e 57,1% obrigatórias, com média de carga horária de 40,43 horas. Com base na análise qualitativa das ementas, foram elencadas três categorias principais relacionadas ao ensino do empreendedorismo nos cursos em enfermagem: elementos estruturais, elementos processuais e elementos de resultados do empreendedorismo. Conclusão: Apesar da aderência dos conteúdos às recomendações literárias sobre educação empreendedora, o número de disciplinas específicas permanece baixo, com maior enfoque em modalidades teóricas.
Pré-natal na atenção primária à saúde na perspectiva de gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Zago Maittê Vargas , Vasconcelos Janine , Backes Dirce Stein , Tisott Zaira Leticia , Marchiori Mara Regina Caino Teixeira , Soccol Keity Laís Siepmann
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: compreender como as gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas percebem o cuidado dos profissionais de saúde durante o pré-natal em uma estratégia da saúde da família. Método: estudo qualitativo, de abordagem exploratória-descritiva, realizado com gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas, atendidas em uma unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2022, por meio de entrevista aberta e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: entre 20 gestantes de 20 a 41 anos, que declararam já ter filhos, usuárias de múltiplas drogas, como tabaco, cocaína, crack, maconha e bebidas alcoólicas, definiram-se três categorias temáticas: Lá vem mais (a)!; Estabelecendo uma ordem sujeito-objeto; e Despreparo profissional. Considerações finais: na percepção das gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas, a assistência pré-natal é impessoal, pontual e verticalizada. Os profissionais de saúde demonstram desconhecimento e despreparo para assisti-las.
Fatores relacionados a lesão de pele em recém-nascidos hospitalizados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Assis Ivaneliza Simionato de , Tenfen Carolina , Ferreira Helder , Soppa Francielli Brito da Fonseca , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak da
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: analisar os tipos de lesões de pele que acometem recém-nascidos hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e discutir os fatores relacionados às lesões de pele. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do Paraná, durante 12 meses. Dados obtidos em prontuários eletrônicos e acompanhamento das lesões, segundo a Escala de Condições de Pele do Recém-Nascido, analisados por Teste Qui-quadrado, Análise de Variância e Teste de Tukey. Resultados: a incidência de lesões de pele foi 25,40%, principalmente, dermatite perianal (39,29%), lesões por pressão e feridas operatórias (ambas 16,96%), entre recém-nascidos do sexo masculino, com peso ao nascer >2.500g, idade gestacional entre 32-35 e >37 semanas, Apgar entre 7-10 e 30 dias de hospitalização. Lesão por pressão foi frequente em prematuros, com peso médio 1.517,89g. Conclusão: dermatite perianal foi a lesão mais identificada, cujos fatores se relacionaram ao sexo masculino, peso >2.501g, Apgar >7 e longo período de hospitalização.
ENTRE O RETROCESSO E A APATIA: a radiodifusão educativa nos governos Temer e Bolsonaro
Authors: Penna Pieranti Octavio
Published: November 2024

A radiodifusão educativa está identificada com o nascimento da própria radiodifusão no Brasil e tem uma história marcada pelo uso político das emissoras. No governo Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), porém, foram estabelecidos marcos importantes, como os Planos Nacionais de Outorgas (PNOs) e a definição de critérios claros que privilegiavam entidades públicas quanto à criação de novas estações. Este artigo objetiva analisar as iniciativas dos governos Temer (2016-2018) e Bolsonaro (2019-2022) sobre radiodifusão educativa. Aponta-se que essas gestões reduziram as possibilidades de novas estações e não resolveram questões estruturantes.
A COBERTURA DIGITAL DA CRISE HÍDRICA EM SÃO PAULO (2012-2016): O enquadramento temporal do presente contínuo e a consequente invisibilização dos rios degradados como causadores da escassez
Authors: Gonçalves de Oliveira Daniel , Oliveira Moura Dione
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo traz parte dos resultados centrais da tese de doutorado [blind review] (Autor 1, 2019) sobre a crise hídrica de São Paulo (2012-2016). Um dos principais objetivos foi compreender se a imprensa abordou a poluição dos rios urbanos e represas como uma das causas para a escassez de água potável no período. A principal hipótese era que a cobertura jornalística digital não havia retroagido no tempo o suficiente para identificar um dos fatores revelantes para a escassez de água: a histórica degradação dos rios urbanos. O estudo combina Análise de Recortes Temporais e a Análise de Enquadramento.
Consecutive-type Reliability Structures Under Warm Standby Redundancy: Some Advances
Authors: Triantafyllou Ioannis S.
Published: November 2024

In the present article, we investigate two different reliability structures, which belong to the class of consecutive-type systems under redundancy policy. The resulting structures consist of n independent components, but they also dispose warm standby ones. The distribution of the number of working warm components at the time of system’s failure is studied in some detail. Among others, explicit expressions for determining the corresponding probability mass function are established. A short discussion for future work is also developed.
Enacting the socio-economic duty: inequalities of outcome and section 1 Equality Act 2010
Authors: Meers Jed
Published: November 2024

The first section of the landmark Equality Act 2010 has been lying dormant for 14 years. The ‘public sector duty regarding socio-economic inequalities’ – passed by the Labour government in 2010 – was never brought into force in England by the Conservative-led coalition that replaced them. The new Labour government has committed to its resurrection. Drawing on evidence from Scotland and Wales, where the ‘socio-economic duty’ has been in force since April 2018 and March 2021 respectively, this article offers three reflections for policy makers and those who will be tasked with its implementation in England: the promise of its ‘holistic’ incorporation into the Equality Act 2010 of impact assessment processes; the ongoing necessity for support with evidence collection and data sharing; and the duty’s potential as a catalyst for broader organisational change far beyond a strict interpretation of its legal remit. Although (very) far from a panacea, if coupled with well-executed guidance, training and oversight, its commencement could help to encourage greater consideration and transparency of evidence on socio-economic inequalities in key areas of public sector decision making.
Robust Pattern Retrieval in an Optical Hopfield Neural Network
Authors: Katidis Michael , Musa Khalid , Kumar Santosh , Qu Chunlei , Huang Yuping , Long Frederick , Li Zhaotong
Published: November 2024

Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) promise broad applications in areas such as combinatorial optimization, memory storage, and pattern recognition. Among various implementations, optical HNNs are particularly interesting because they can take advantage of fast optical matrix-vector multiplications. Yet their studies so far have mostly been on the theoretical side, and the effects of optical imperfections and robustness against memory errors remain to be quantified. Here we demonstrate an optical HNN in a simple experimental setup using a spatial light modulator with 100 neurons. It successfully stores and retrieves 13 patterns, which approaches the critical capacity limit of $\alpha_c = 0.138$. It is robust against random phase flipping errors of the stored patterns, achieving high fidelity in recognizing and storing patterns even when 30\% pixels are randomly flipped. Our results highlight the potential of optical HNNs in practical applications like real-time image processing for autonomous driving, enhanced AI with fast memory retrieval, and other scenarios requiring efficient data processing.
The gut microbiota is essential for Trichinella spiralis—evoked suppression of colitis
Authors: Sun Hualei , Long Shao Rong , Jiang Miao , Zhang Hui Ran , Wang Jing Jing , Liao Zi Xuan , Cui Jing , Wang Zhong Quan
Published: November 2024

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of colorectal cancer, and it has the potential to diminish the quality of life. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrate protective aspects of parasitic helminth infection against IBD. However, studies on the inhibition of inflammation by helminth infection have overlooked a key determinant of health: the gut microbiota. Although infection with helminths induces alterations in the host microbiota composition, the potential influence and mechanism of helminth infections induced changes in the gut microbiota on the development of IBD has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the intersection of helminth Trichinella spiralis and gut bacteria in the regulation of colitis and related mechanisms.

Methodology/Principal findings

T. spiralis infected mice were treated with antibiotics or cohoused with wild type mice, then challenged with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-colitis and disease severity, immune responses and goblet cells assessed. Gut bacteria composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. We found that protection against disease by infection with T. spiralis was abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and cohousing with T. spiralis- infected mice suppressed DSS-colitis in wild type mice. Bacterial community profiling revealed an increase in the abundance of the bacterial genus Muribaculum and unclassified_Muribaculaceae in mice with T. spiralis infection or mice cohoused with T. spiralis- infected mice. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significantly increased propionic acid in feces from T. spiralis- infected mice. Data also showed that the gut microbiome modulated by T. spiralis exhibited enhanced goblet cell differentiation and elevated IL-10 levels in mice.

Conclusions

These findings identify the gut microbiome as a critical component of the anti- colitic effect of T. spiralis and gives beneficial insights into the processes by which helminth alleviates colitis.
Formulation of an innovative model for the bioeconomy
Authors: Zuniga-Gonzalez C. A. , Quiroga-Canaviri J. L. , Brambila-Paz J. J. , Ceballos-Pérez S. G. , Rojas-Rojas M. M.
Published: November 2024

Background

The bioeconomy, an evolving concept promoting sustainable use of renewable biological resources, confronts the challenge of balancing growth and sustainability across sectors like biotechnology, agriculture, and forestry. This study aims to elucidate the bioeconomy’s dynamic nature, constructing a comprehensive theoretical model addressing these complexities.

Methodology

Through an extensive literature review, foundational elements for this model were identified: defining the core concept, delineating relevant variables, specifying assumptions and parameters, and depicting relationships through equations or diagrams. Special attention was given to integrating Georgescu-Roegen’s insights, emphasizing causal links, state variables, measurement scales, and validation plans.

Results

The model incorporates Georgescu-Roegen’s insights, highlighting the importance of clearly defining the bioeconomy for a comprehensive understanding. The proposed model leverages variables, assumptions, and equations within Georgescu-Roegen’s framework, serving as a crucial tool for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. This approach facilitates research structuring, informed decision-making, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Conclusion

By addressing the bioeconomy’s evolution, and cross-sectional boundaries, and adopting a broader perspective, this study contributes to policy development for a more sustainable and integrated bioeconomy. Based on empirical knowledge, this model provides not only a solid theoretical framework but also practical guidelines for advancing toward a balanced and resilient bioeconomy.
What do the sustainable development goals reveal, and are they sufficient for sustainable development?
Authors: Wang Bing , Chen Tianchi
Published: November 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 represent the current perceptions of humans regarding understanding and monitoring development. Achieving all 17 goals simultaneously is unrealistic. Considering the interconnected nature of SDGs, identifying their critical dimensions, goals, indicators, and mutual relationships is necessary. In addition, with increasing reservations about the sustainability of SDGs, it is crucial to explore consistency across different dimensions to ensure policy coherence in maximizing synergies and minimizing trade-offs. Our study employed multiple factor analysis (MFA) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) to investigate these issues and analyze the results based on the public value (PV) theory. The results indicated that the Human Development Index (HDI) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPP) constitute the first principal component (PC) and are determinants in differentiating country clusters. However, they contradict environmental indicators such as CO2 emissions per capita and ecological footprint gha per person (EFP) and have low synergy with the Happy Planet Index (HPI). Additionally, the relationships between income level, inequality, and environmental quality correspond to a combined Kuznets curve and an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Moreover, governance capacity has become increasingly crucial in sustainable development, particularly in the capability to prioritize different PVs in a timely and strategic manner. Finally, despite the novelty of EFP and HPI, they cannot reveal the entire development story. SDGs require embracing more such indicators to enrich the value bases of development and achieve a sustainable future.
Cross-sectional analysis of the association between information and communication technology and mental health among Korean workers
Authors: Shin Yeona , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Wanhyung
Published: November 2024

Background

The adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) has been the fastest and most widespread in the South Korean workplace. While ICT has several advantages, it can also cause stress among workers. However, the relationship between the introduction of ICT in the workplace and mental health problems among Korean workers remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). In total, 40,019 participants answered a question about whether ICT had been introduced in their workplace. Among these, we compared the rate of complaints of mental health disorders between those who answered “yes” (n = 3,250) and those who answered “no” (n = 36,769). We analyzed the data using the SAS statistical software and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for anxiety, insomnia, and depression using multiple logistic regression models. We also stratified the data on Korean workers to assess the impact of ICT on subgroups.

Results

In our nationally representative cohort, on experiencing ICT incorporation at work, 384 participants (11.8%) reported anxiety, 138 (4.2%) reported insomnia, and 296 (9.1%) reported depression. In contrast, among participants who did not have access to ICT, 1,929 (5.2%) reported anxiety, 702 (1.9%) reported insomnia, and 4,404 (12.0%) reported depression. The ORs (95% CIs) for anxiety and insomnia complaint rates were 2.47 (2.19–2.79) and 2.55 (2.10–3.10), respectively, among workers who experienced new ICT adaptations in comparison with those who did not. However, no significant relationship was observed between ICT adoption and depression.

Conclusions

The causes of mental health problems in the workplace should be identified and addressed. We found that the introduction of ICT in the workplace was significantly related to anxiety and insomnia symptoms among Korean workers, after controlling for the selected covariates. This information can be used to identify subgroups in the workplace that are vulnerable to ICT changes and tailor interventions to their social and demographic profiles.
Prevalence of lymphopenia in the American population: Insights from demographic, BMI, and lifestyle factors
Authors: Xie Wenchi , Ji Landie , Kang Landan , Li Qian , Luo Dan , He Qingquan , Mei Jie
Published: November 2024

Objective

To determine the difference in the prevalence of lymphopenia in the American population according to demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI) and living habits.

Methods

A total of 33,365 participants aged over 1 were included in the 2009–2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). All analyses used weighted samples and considered the layering and clustering of the design.

Results

Using white participants as a reference, the prevalence of lymphopenia in Mexican-American participants was significantly lower than that of white participants (P = 0.018). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of lymphopenia between black participants (P = 0.376) and white participants. The prevalence of lymphopenia was 1.81% (95%CI, 1.53%-2.10%) for white participants, 1.08% (95%CI, 0.78%-1.39%) for black participants, and 0.42% (95%CI, 0.17%-0.68%) for Mexican-American participants. The prevalence of lymphopenia increases with age, reaching a peak of 6.84% among elderly participants aged 75 and above. In terms of the gender difference, the prevalence of lymphopenia in men is significantly higher than that in women (P<0.001). Individuals who smoke (P<0.001), consume alcohol (P = 0.032), engage in regular exercise (P = 0.031), have sleep disorders (P<0.001) and those classified as having an unhealthy weight (P<0.001) had a higher average lymphocyte count. The prevalence of lymphopenia in participants with sleep disorders is significantly higher than those without sleep disorders (P = 0.014). However, no significant differences were observed among the classification variables of smoking, drinking, exercise, and BMI.

Conclusion

In the diagnosis and treatment of lymphopenia, clinicians should consider the influence of factors such as race, gender, age, sleep disorders, and other unhealthy lifestyle habits to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing the high mortality risk associated with lymphopenia. Consequently, we propose a novel perspective that the diagnosis and treatment of lymphopenia should be tailored to the lymphocyte levels of specific subpopulations, rather than applying a generalized approach.
Bye-Bye to Cosmic Acceleration, Goodbye to Dark energy and Welcome to Hubble-Hawking Universe and Super gravity
Authors: U.V Satya Seshavatharam , Lakshminarayana S.
Published: November 2024

A very simple math formula is misleading modern cosmologists to develop and reinforce the accelerated model of cosmology. With reference to photon energy, true cosmic red shift must be defined as the ratio of loss in energy of photon to the energy of photon at laboratory. In terms of wavelength, photon red shift must be defined as the ratio of increase in wavelength to the observed wavelength of photon but not the laboratory wavelength. If one is willing to consider this point, in terms of traditional red shift (z), true cosmic red shift can be expressed as z_new = [z/(z+1)]. We are afraid, but sure to say that wrong definition and wrong formula of galactic red shift led cosmologists to wrongly introduce the cosmic acceleration and dark energy concepts. Clearly speaking, light curve based supernovae distances or traditional red shift, dark energy density and matter density dependent galactic distances can simply be fitted with [z/(z+1)](
c/H
0
). For JADES-GS-z13-0 having a red shift of 13.2, its recommended distance is 13.576 Gly, our fit is 13.572 Gly and error is 0.03%. As thermal expansion is believed to be the basic signature of cosmic evolution, based on the current lower cosmic temperature of 2.725 K and thermal isotropy, Hubble’s law associated with corrected cosmic red shift can be reviewed in terms of current cosmic light speed rotation with no significant further expansion. By following the rate of decrease in future cosmic temperature with reference to current cosmic temperature, true nature of cosmic expansion rate can be understood. To understand this, sophisticated and most advanced instruments are required for measuring cosmic temperature up to 10 decimal places. Regarding dark matter, we would like to emphasize the point that above 160 million solar masses, galactic baryon matter acquires super gravitational behaviour.
Online Result Checking System
Authors: Ohini Michael
Published: November 2024

This project is the design and implementation for Online Result Checking System which can be connected to the department website if fully implemented. The system was design using CSS, JavaScript and PHP (server side scripting language embedded in HTML) at the front end and MySQL relational database engine running on Apache Web Server at the back end. The system was designed using the Incremental Delivery SDLC and the Object Oriented Analysis approach was used in analyzing the system. The system is composed of two interfaces. The user interface which allow users to view their results and the administrative interface which allow the administrator to create database, tables, edit and other functions needed to be carried out.
O Elevado Índice de Informalidade Laboral no Recôncavo Baiano, Viola Direitos Trabalhistas e Previdenciários dos Trabalhadores Rurais
Authors: Avelino José Araujo
Published: November 2024

Os trabalhadores rurais brasileiros foram contemplados em pé de igualdade com as mesmas condições em direitos e garantias do trabalho em relação aos trabalhadores urbanos, depois da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, mesmo, sendo regidos por meio de lei específica. Todavia, passados mais de três décadas de existência da Constituição, observamos, através na presente pesquisa, que os trabalhadores rurais permanecem com seus direitos violados por parte dos empregadores, de modo que,  o trabalho informal atinge altos índices na região,  conforme demonstra os dados da presente pesquisa, onde, se revela que 97% dos trabalhadores rurais do território identidade do Recôncavo baiano se encontra em situação de informalidade no trabalho, não estão sendo assistidos pelo sindicato da categoria e nem pelos órgãos de controle estatal. Por via de consequências a ausência de trabalho formal, tem elevado o déficit previdenciário, já que esses trabalhadores não contribuem para o sistema de financiamento da previdência social. No entanto, de forma justa, na velhice, são contemplados com uma aposentadoria rural quando enquadrados no regime de economia familiar, já que esses trabalhadores exercem atividades importantes para o desenvolvimento econômico e alimentar da coletividade através da produção agrícola.