bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing an Online Placement Exam for Spanish Heritage Speakers and L2 Students
Authors: Potowski Kim , Parada MaryAnn , Morgan-Short Kara
Published: February 2021

This paper reports on the development and piloting of an adaptive, online placement exam that will be administered to L2 and heritage learners of Spanish at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Particular attention is given to the structure of the exam and the linguistic strategies employed to distinguish heritage speakers from L2 learners. Results obtained from three pilot phases are presented along with a description of modifications made during each stage. Further challenges and steps are outlined.
Elevating “Low” Language for High Stakes: A Case for Critical, Community-based Learning in a Medical Spanish for Heritage Learners Program
Authors: Martínez Glenn
Published: February 2021

Critical approaches to Spanish heritage language (SHL) pedagogy have called for more
meaningful engagement with heritage language communities (Leeman, 2005). In a recent survey, furthermore, SHL students expressed a desire for more community-based activities in SHL curricula (Beaudrie, Ducar, & Relaño-Pastor, 2009). This paper reports on the outcomes of a community-based SHL program for medical purposes. SHL college students majoring in biology, nursing and other health-related programs participated in a semester-long miniinternship in a community health center serving indigent patients in Hidalgo County, Texas. Faculty and clinic staff collaborated to create an integrated experience for the students. The experience was assessed through a reflection questionnaire completed by the students. An analysis of the assessment data suggests that students emerged from the experience with a heightened commitment to Spanish language maintenance, an expanded bilingual range, and an understanding and respect for language variation in Spanish.
Impact of COVID-19 on Corporate Liabilities in the Energy & Power Industry
Authors: Xiong Hao , Shi Wen , Xu Shilin , Shen Huayu
Published: February 2021

The international industrial chain has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic with the energy and power industrial chain most impacted. This paper studies the impact of COVID-19 on energy and power firm liabilities and finds that COVID-19 has (a) raised liabilities of companies, and (b) disrupted production thus reducing performance and raising financial stress.
ISOLATION OF DIHYDROQUERCETIN GLYCOSIDE FROM THE ROOT BARK OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA AND ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC SCREENING OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS.
Authors: Usman A. , Mohammad R.H. , Abdullahi A.O. , Zakari A.H. , Usman N.L.
Published: February 2021

The root bark of Calotropis procera (Family: Asclepiadaceae) was extracted with methanol. The methanolic extract was separated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water soluble fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and final purification was achieved by column chromatography. The structure of the compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods (ESI-MS, 1H and C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and the comparison of the data obtained with that reported in the literature. It was concluded that the compounds isolated was taxifolin 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a dihydroquercetin glycoside. The crude extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and water soluble fractions of methanol extract and the isolated compound were subjected to antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The result shows that the maximum inhibitions in the DPPH assays were isolated compound (51.7 %), methanol (80.7 %), and water (29.2 %) fractions while ascorbic acid standard was (84.4 %). However, the results for hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in the DPPH assays were poor and hence discarded. The results for the in vitro cytotoxicity activity shows that ethyl acetate and hexane fractions showed significant cytotoxicity with LC50 value of 1.0±0.2 and 2.4 ±0.1 respectively.
EFFECT OF WATER ACIDITY ON THE LEACHING OF FERTILIZER COMPONENTS IN UMUAHIA AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Authors: Mgbemena N.  M. , Okwunodulu F. U.
Published: February 2021

The South-Eastern Nigeria has heavy annual rainfall and at riskof leaching by acid rain hence there is a strong need to study the acidity of the leaching water from this zone as to determine it’s effect on the fertilizer components applied to the soil as soil and water pH affect nutrient retention. The study was therefore conducted to determine the effect of the acidity of water on the leaching of fertilizer components on application to agricultural soils in Umuahia one of the cities in the South-East. Agricultural soil was collected from Umudike in Umuahia and designated as Umuahia Agricultural Soil(UAS).The soil was characterized to determine texture, gravel, pH, organic matter and carbon, exchangeable acidity and cations, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and percentage nitrogen using their various methods of analysis. The characterization was followed by the leaching tube experiments whereby the soil samples were leached with carbonated water of different pH levels ranging from pH of 4 to 6.5 and also with rainwater with pH of 6.8 using ten tubes five with fertilizer and five without fertilizer which served as the control experiment. The leachates were collected and analysed for the concentrations of sodium,potassium,calcium and the other ions . The results of the textural classification showed the soil as sandy-clay, and that of physicochemical analysis showed organic matter and carbon as 3.82 ± 0.13 and 2.21±0.00 % respectively, nitrogen as 0.26 ± 0.11 %. The leaching tube experiment showed sodium ions as 0.19 ± 0.11 me/100g, 0.19 ± 1.10 me/100g, 0.28± 1.02 me/100g, 0.29 ±0.11 me/100g and 0.38 ±0.12 me/100g at pH of 4, 5, 6, 6.5 and rain respectively for soils with fertilizer while that of potassium ions showed 3.76 ±0.02 me/100g, 3.61 0.02 me/100g, 3.54 0.02 me/100g at pH of 5, 6 and 6.5 respectively. The soils without fertilizer showed 0.09 ± 0.01 me/100g for both Na+ and K+ at the different pH levels. Soils with fertilizers leached more ions than the soils without fertilizers. From the results, it could be inferred that the leaching of fertilizer components in the soils differed with the influence of the acidity of leaching water. Therefore, fertilizer application should be based on the acidity level of the leaching water or rain.
Spectrometric Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Copper and Iron in Drinking Water Samples Across Kogi State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ocheni D. M.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic copper and iron in 25 water samples collected from across Kogi State. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of copper, iron, lead and cadmium while UV-visible spectrophotometer was employed in the determination of arsenic, based on the formation of Molybdoarsenate. The ranges of mean values obtained for the heavy metals are: Arsenic (0.0014to 0.0252 mg/L), Copper (0.0013to 0.0095 mg/L), Lead (0.0001to 0.024 mg/L), Cadmium (0.003 to 0.072 mg/L) and Iron (0.0068 to 0.1242 mg/L). The results revealed that the River, Stream and Tap water sampled were contaminated with Arsenic (As), whereas, the levels of Fe, Cu and Pb were within the recommended limit set by WHO and NAFDAC. Though the level of cadmium (Cd) falls within acceptable limit in some of water samples, its high concentration in Isanlu should attract the attention of the authority in this area in curbing the growing threat.
EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN NONFORMAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS: A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF STEAM EDUCATION IN A TECHNOLOGICAL MUSEUM IN GREECE
Authors: Kanari Charikleia , Souliotou Anastasia Zoi
Published: February 2021

In recent years there is an increasing interest about STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts & Mathematics) model in education. STEAM is a cross-disciplinary approach which breaks down the barriers among disciplines, offers a dynamic character in teaching and sheds light on various aspects of the aforementioned parts of STEAM equation with multiple benefits for all children including those with disabilities. Furthermore, the increasing interest and the development of museum educational programs for school groups provide unique opportunities in STEAM education that are not available in schools. The museum as nonformal learning environment and its exhibits, the qualitative characteristics of learning and the wide range of the expected learning outcomes enrich the design and implementation of STEAM educational programs providing meaningful learning experiences for all children. The present paper refers to a cross-disciplinary approach which connects STEAM education, Museum Education and Special Education for the design and implementation of an educational program for a school group of children with disabilities. The educational program “Making mosaics with bricks and colors” was based on a. the STEAM approach, b. the characteristics of learning in the museum, c. the principles of Differentiated Instruction (DI) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and d. the unique characteristics of a thematic technological museum for the industrial heritage in Greece where the educational program took place. Based on the experience of the implementation of the educational program and the qualitative data of the evaluation of the program, it is argued that STEAM education as well as collaborations between different specialists and between schools and museums provides meaningful learning experiences to all children including those with disabilities.

 

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Rectal duplication cyst mimicking rectal prolapse: A case report
Authors: Ahmad Asrar , Karar Eelaf , Saleem Irum , Ahmad Nisar
Published: February 2021

Background: Gastrointestinal tract duplications are rare congenital malformations that are benign, presenting usually in childhood. Most common sites include the distal ileum and esophagus. Rectal presentation is quite uncommon and is usually cystic.
Case Presentation: This is a case of a 3-year-old boy who came with rectal prolapse. On further examination and imaging investigations, a presacral cyst was located and a diagnosis of rectal duplication was made. The cyst was completely excised by a posterior sagittal approach.
Conclusion: Rectal duplication is a rare entity that may simulate a rectal prolapse.
Forecasting of Potato Prices in India: An Application of Arima Model
Authors: Kumar Ravi Ranjan
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models developed to forecast the prices of potato using time series data of eighteen years from 2002-2019. The best models selected by comparing Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The study revealed that ARIMA (1,1,2), ARIMA (2,1,1)(0,0,2)[12], ARIMA (2,1,2), ARIMA (1,1,4)(0,0,1)[12], ARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,2)[12], ARIMA (0,1,0)(0,1,1)[12], and ARIMA (3,1,3) were the best fitted models for forecasting of price of potato for the states of Utter Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Tripura and India respectively. The prices of potato in Utter Pradesh, West Bengal and India will be increasing with the first-quarter providing the highest price. The prices of potato in Madhya Pradesh and Tripura will be highest in the fourth quarter. In Punjab, the prices of potato will be increasing with the third-quarter. The forecast shows that market prices of potato in Utter Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Tripura, and overall India would be ruling in the highest value of .1208 `/qt, 1812 `/qt, 1345 `/qt, 1712 `/qt, 1354 `/qt, 2636 `/qt, and 1715 `/qt respectively for the year 2020.
Constraints in Production, Marketing and Processing of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) in Nuh District of Haryana
Authors: Kumar Raj
Published: February 2021

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the important commercial vegetable crops grown in India. The present study was conducted in Nuh district of Haryana on the basis of highest production of onion among other districts of the state. The block named Tauru was selected for sampling and a total of thirty onion farmers from various villages in this block were selected randomly. The primary data for the agriculture year 2017-18 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of specially designed schedule. The results of the study revealed that the major problems faced by the onion farmers in production were observed high cost of pesticide (93.33%), lack of knowledge about recommended fertilizer doses (86.67%), high cost of fertilizer (83.33%), lack of knowledge about the control measures for various pests and diseases (83.33%), difficulty in identifying the pests and diseases (80.00%) and lack of knowledge about seed/seedling treatment (76.67%). As for as marketing of onion is concerned, 83.33 per cent of respondents opined that high cost of transportation, absence of minimum support prices (83.33%), existence of large number of intermediaries in marketing process (83.33%) and too much fluctuation in prices (80.00%). The problems related to processing expressed by onion growers 80.00 per cent of the respondents reported the problem of technical manpower, higher charges of power and fuels (73.33%), fluctuation in raw material and procurement (73.33%) and lack of good quality packaging material (66.67%).
Reducing Farm Risk though Diversification in Tomato Based Farming Systems of Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Vanitha S.M.
Published: February 2021

This study comprise of minimizing farm risk through diversification in tomato based farming systems (TBFS). Primary data was collected from 3 taluks of Kolar District, Karnataka viz., Malur, Mulbagal and Srinivaspura representing cultivation of tomato hybrids, High yielding varieties (HYVs) and both, respectively. The total sample size was 150 tomato growers, 50 from each taluk. Tomato was grown as a major crop in all the 3 taluks. Farmers had diversified to different crops and farm enterprises along with tomato in order to reduce their income risk. Herfindahl diversification index and Crop diversification index was calculated. Based on which, farmers having high and medium degree of diversification faced lower income risk as compared to those farmers having lower degree of diversification. In all the three taluks, the inclusion of livestock as a component under any TBFS lowered the income risk faced by the farmers. The results of quantile regression analysis showed that, the variable CDI (Crop Diversification Index) was significant across all quantiles showing that as the degree of farm diversification increased, the variability in total annual income of the farmers decreased as risk was reduced when the income was diversified from different sources or enterprises.
Coronavirus vaccines will save 2021? “Light at the end of the tunnel”
Authors: De Oliveira Ricardo Santos
Published: February 2021

On 11 March, the WHO confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 as a pandemic. The Director-General of the WHO called on governments to change its course by taking "urgent and aggressive action" (1). In terms of the number of deaths COVID-19 has caused 1.919.126 deaths, reported to WHO as of January 10, 2021.  (https://covid19.who.int).

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedent challenges to healthcare worldwide, including neurosurgical units. Medical workers, pediatric neurosurgeons included, should be aware of safety measures and follow the recommendations of local healthcare organizations to prevent and control the disease (2).

During the year 2020 the scientific community worked tirelessly in search of a solution to stop the COVID-19. Several scientific studies have been published analyzing the effects of different drugs on the stages of COVID-19. However, in an unprecedented way in history independent groups have produced different options for vaccines against coronavirus (3).

The vaccination rollout comes with a mixed bag of emotions and hope. We cannot celebrate yet, but it is certainly a relief to start the year 2021 with the hope of COVID-19 control. A terrible disease that has been

producing lethal effects and sequelae in different peoples around the world.

COVID-19 has exposed vulnerabilities, magnified weaknesses, and exacerbated long-festering issues. We will continue to believe in science and overcome this terrible obstacle in our lives.

It’s the light at the end of the tunnel. We’re not there yet, but it’s a big relief to know there can be an end to this pandemic.
Penilaian Kesehatan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) ABC
Authors: Asyhari Arfan Anugrah , Ananto Rangga Putra , Rosalina Eka
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the Bank Soundness Level with the object of Islamic Rural Banks registered with the Financial Services Authority in 2015-2019. The type of the research that used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Assessment using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) method consists of four factors, namely the Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings and Capital of each bank. The Risk Profile consists of credit risk and liquidity risk. Credit risk is measured using NPF and liquidity risk is measured using FDR. Earnings factor is measured by ROA and NIM ratio, Capital factor is calculated by CAR ratio. The results showed that the results obtained the predicate of being unhealthy and even quite healthy on the NPF, FDR, ROA, and NIM ratios, while the CAR ratios for the last 3 years received the predicate Very Healthy appropriate to Bank Indonesia regulations, which exceeded 12%

 ABSTRAK

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dengan objek Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan pada tahun 2015-2019. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian desktiptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penilaian dengan metode Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) terdiri dari empat faktor yaitu Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings dan Capital dari setiap bank. Risk Profile terdiri dari risiko kredit dan risiko likuiditas. Risiko kredit diukur dengan menggunakan NPF dan risiko likuiditas diukur dengan menggunakan FDR. Faktor Earnings diukur dengan rasio ROA, ROE dan NIM, faktor Capital dihitung dengan rasio CAR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang memperoleh predikat kurang sehat bahkan cukup sehat atas rasio NPF, FDR, ROA, ROE dan NIM, sedangkan pada rasio CAR pada 3 tahun terakhir memperoleh predikat Sangat Sehat sesuai ketentuan Bank Indonesia yaitu melebihi 12%.
Tinjauan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Saat Pandemi Covid 19 di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Dharma Andalas
Authors: Marina Anna , Yendra Nofri
Published: February 2021

The goal is to find out learning achievement during the Covid 19 pandemic by online learning at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Dharma Andalas University. The study population was 515 people, a sample of 103 people with a sampling technique of 20% of the population. Data collection techniques for documentation studies and surveys used questionnaires and secondary data through library research. The dependent variable in the study of learning achievement (Y) and the independent variable using smartphones (X1) and online learning systems (X2). Before the data were analyzed, first the instrument test and the classical assumption test were carried out, it turned out that all the assumptions were met with the results of the multiple linear regression equation Y = 42,751 + 0.619X1 + 0.236X2 + e. The results of the t test and the F test show that the use of smartphones and online learning systems has a significant positive effect on the learning achievement of students of the FEB Management Study Program, Dharma Andalas University at the 5% significance level. Correlation of smartphone use and online learning systems with moderate learning achievement (0.683) and smartphone use, online learning achievement systems are able to explain the learning achievement of students of FEB Management Study Program, Dharma Andalas University 0.517, the remaining 48.33 is explained by other variables not included in the research model.

 

ABSTRAK

        Tujuan untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar saat pandemi covid 19 dengan pembelajaran daring di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Dharma Andalas. Populasi penelitian 515 orang sampel 103 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel 20% dari populasi.  Teknik pengumpulan data studi dokumentasi dan survei  memakai   angket   dan data sekunder melalui library research. Variabel terikat penelitian prestasi belajar (Y) dan variabel bebas penggunaan smartphone (X1) dan sistem pembelajaran daring (X2). Sebelum data dianalisis terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji instrumen dan uji asumsi klasik ternyata semua asumsi terpenuhi  dengan hasil persamaan regresi linier berganda Y = 42.751 + 0,619X1 + 0.236X2 + e. Hasil uji t dan uji F menunjukkan penggunaan smartphone dan sistem pembelajaran daring berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa prodi S1 Manajemen  FEB Universitas Dharma Andalas pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Korelasi penggunaan smartphone dan sistem pembelajaran daring dengan prestasi belajar sedang (0.683) dan penggunaan smartphone, sistem prestasi belajar daring mampu menjelaskan prestasi belajar mahasiswa prodi S1 Manajemen  FEB Universitas Dharma Andalas 0.517 sisanya 48.33 dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam model penelitian.
Hubungan Antara Kontrol Diri dengan Perilaku Konsumtif pada Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 10 Padang
Authors: Candra Yeki , Nastasia Krisnova , Fenia Selvi Zola
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research is determine the relationship between self-control and consumptive behavior in students of class XI Sman10 Padang. The independent variables in this study are self-control and the dependent variable is consumptive behavior. The measuring instruments used in this study are the self-control scale and the consumptive behavior scale. The sampling technique in this study used a stratified random sampling technique. The sample in this study were 72 second grade students of SMAN 10 Padang. The validity and reliability test in this study used the product moment technique and Cronbach's Alpha. The value of the power difference index value of the self-control scale moved from rix=0,133  to rix=0,729. Based on data analysis, the correlation coefficient between self-control variables and consumptive behavior is obtained by r = 0.389 with a significance level of p = 0.004, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between self-control and consumptive behavior  student of SMA 10 Padang.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kontrol diri dengan perilaku konsumtif pada siswa kelas XI SMAN10 padang.Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah kontrol diri dan variabel terikat adalah perilaku konsumtif. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala kontrol diri dan skala perilaku konsumtif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 72 siswa kelas dua SMAN 10 Padang. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik product momentdan Alpha Cronbach.Diperoleh nilai indeks daya beda item skala kontrol diri bergerak dari rix=0,133 sampai dengan rix=0,729. Berdasarkan analisis data, maka diperoleh koefisien korelasi antara variabel kontrol diri dengan perilaku konsumtif sebesarr=0,389 dengan taraf signifikansi p=0,004, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kontrol diri dengan perilaku konsumtif pada siswa SMA 10 Padang.
Persepsi Wisatawan Terhadap Niat Berkunjung Ulang ke Destinasi Wisata di Kota Padang Pasca Penerapan New Normal
Authors: Azman Heru Aulia
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study are 1) to find out to what extend perception of risk influence executionist’ intention to revisit Padang City after the implementation of new era regulation. The online survey was administered to travellers who ave visited tourist destination in the city of Padang after the implementation of new era regulation. A total of 96 questionnaires were used for data analysis.The results of this study indicate that 1) Perception of affective risk does not have a significant effect on the intention of repeated visits to Padang City after the implementation of the new normal rules, 2) Perception of cognitive risk has a positive effect significant towards the intention of repeated visits to the Padang city after the implementation of the new normal regulation, 3) Affective and cognitive risk perceptions do not have a significant effect on repeatedly visits to Padang City after the imposition of new normal regulations, 4) affective risk perceptions and Perception of cognitive risk is able to explain its effect on intention to visit repeatedly by 3.5%, while the remaining 96.5%. It is explained by other factors that are not used in the regression model of this study

 

 ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana persepsi resiko berpengaruh terhadap niat untuk berkunjung berulang pelancong ke destinasi wisata di Kota Padang pada masa diberlakukan new normal. Metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi, personally administrated survey  serta studi pustaka. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebaran kuesioner pada 96 responden dengan kriteria pelancong yang telah melakukan kunjungan wisata berulang ke destinasi wisata di  Kota Padang setelah ditetapkannya era new normal. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode anaisis regresi linear berganda Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  1)Perepsi resiko afektif tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat kunjungan berulang ke Kota padang pasca diberlakukannya peraturan new normal (kebiasaan baru), 2) Perspsi resiko kognitif berpengaruh positif sgnifikan terhadap niat kunjungan berulang ke kota Padang pasca diberlakukannya peraturan new normal ( kebiasaan baru), 3)Perspsi resiko afektif dan kognitif tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kunjungan berulang ke Kota padang pasca diberlakukannya peraturan new normal (kebiasaan baru), 4) persepsi resiko afektif dan persepsi resiko kognitif mampu menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap niat berkunjung berulang sebesar 3,5 %, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 96,5 % dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak digunakan dalam model regresi penelitian ini
Impact of perceived social support and parental bonding in predicting suicidal intent among self-harm patients
Authors: Naila Yaqoob  , Sadaf Ahsan
Published: February 2021

Objective: The present study investigated the impact of perceived social-support and parental-bonding in predicting suicidal intent among self-harm patients.Methods: Cross-sectional research design was used in current study. Study was conducted at Foundation University, Rawalpindi from February, 2019 to September, 2019. A purposive sample of 50 self-harm patients was collected from different mental health departments of hospitals of Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Peshawar. Participants were administered Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Parental-Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Beck Suicide Intention Scale (BSIS). Data was analyzed through SPSS using correlation, t test and regression. Differences on the basis of demographic variable were also studied.Results: The main results of the study specified that social support and parental bonding’ factor ‘care’ had significant negative correlation with suicide intent. Moreover, it negatively predicted suicide intent. Whereas, parental boding’ factor ‘overprotectiveness’ had significant positive correlation with suicide intent and significantly positively predicted suicide intent. Conclusion: The outcomes of present study emphasized that social-support and parental bonding both can play substantial roles in saving lives. Researchers and mental health experts will be able to start examine about the factors that distinguish deliberate self-harm from attempted suicide as well as the characteristics common to both conducts.
Continuous...
Perceived stress score among doctors serving at various government and private hospitals in Faisalabad
Authors: Nazia Nazir  , Hafiz Amjad Hussain  , Umair Ahmed  , Ahmad Ayaz Sabri  , Nazir Ahmad  , Amna Gulam Rasool
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of stress among doctors serving at various Government and private hospitals in Faisalabad.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Allied hospital, DHQ hospital, Government General Hospital and independent hospital Faisalabad, from July to December 2019. The study comprised doctors in service for at least one year, who volunteered to fill out the Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSS-14), excluding house officers and the doctors on administrative posts. Demographic features and job factors were taken as independent variables and perceived stress score was taken as the dependent variable. SPSS-20 was used for the determination of mean perceived stress score, standard deviation values, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis (R-values) .
Results: Out of total 162 respondents, female doctors (n=75, 46.3%) were found to have significantly higher (p < 0.05) perceived stress scores (mean PSS = 27.56, SD = 8.305) as compared to male doctors (n=87, 53.7%, mean PSS = 24.82, SD = 7.823). There was a negative correlation of doctors’ age (R-value = -0.246, p-value = 0.002), number of years in job (R-value =-0.187, p-value 0.017) and number of children (R-value =-0.178, p-value = 0.023), with the perceived stress scores. Stress score was found significantly lower for doctors who managed to usually get time-out for relaxation (p < 0.01) and do private practice (p < 0.05). The effect of doctor’s marital status, type of specialty and residence was not found statistically significant.
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Effects of motivational interviewing with conventional physical therapy on rehabilitation of chronic musculoskeletal disorders: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ayesha Jamil  , Ahsan Javed  , Muhammad Awais Iqbal
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare effects of motivational interviewing with conventional physical therapy in rehabilitation of chronic musculoskeletal disorders versus conventional physical therapy alone.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at outpatient physical therapy clinics of Lahore from September 2017 to March 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used and participants with chronic musculoskeletal disorders were alternatively allocated to experimental group or control group. Motivational interviewing with conventional physical therapy was given in experimental group whereas control group received conventional physical therapy only. Pain intensity, functional status and exercise compliance were outcome measures. The effects of interventions were measured through visual analogue scale, patient specific functional scale and exercise compliance chart with follow-up of two weeks.
Results: Results of independent sample t-test showed that pain score was significantly reduced by mean of 7.19 to 1.66 in experimental group compared to 6.83 to 2.39 in control group from 1st to 14th day (p=0.00). Functional status was significantly improved in experimental group by mean of 3.22 to 8.75 than in control group from 3.17 to 7.63 from 1st to 14th day (p=0.00). Exercise compliance was significant in experimental group with mean repetition of 12.89 and 13.93 whereas 9.48 and 10.33 in control group at 1st and 2nd week respectively (p=0.00). Within-group effects of pain intensity, functional status and exercise compliance were also significant using paired sample t-test (p=0.00).
Conclusion: Integration of Motivational Interviewing with conventional physical therapy was found to decrease pain and functional limitations and improve exercise compliance.
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IMPLEMENTING AUGMENTED REALITY SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING: IMPACT STUDY IN THE
SECURITY INDUSTRY
Authors:   1Nanyang Business School, Nanyang
            Technological University, Singapore 2Certis Corporate University, Certis,
            Singapore, Tan Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows virtual information to be
overlaid onto a live direct or indirect real-world environment in real time. Augmented
Reality Application for Security Training (ARAST) is an AR platform that is designed for
security officer training. It can be used to supplement WSQ training for security
operations and as refresher training for security officers at the workplace. ARAST sets
itself apart from most other AR/VR training available, with its flexibility to create a
learning environment using the deployment of markers (QR Code) and mobile app on
trainee’s mobile devices. ARAST does not rely on bulky hardware (VR/AR glasses) thus
making it conducive to adopt for workplace learning. To study the effectiveness of this
program, from scenario design, AR App development, to training implementation and
delivery to results measurements using the training evaluation framework by Donald
Kirkpatrick through an experimental design impact study to demonstrate. • Realistic and
mediated AR content to engage users in an immersive learning environment. • A supporting
platform that allows collection of learning data for analysis. • Allows trainers to
easily create training/assessment scenario as well as to remotely view progress. •
Trainees can learn at their own time and reports can be made available to trainees
regarding their learning progress and training gaps.
AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICY OF NEPAL: CASES OF SUBSIDIES
Authors:   Kaetsu University, Tokyo,
            Japan, Shrestha Mahesh
Published: February 2021

As an agrarian nation, agriculture policies of Nepal have been prioritized
subsidies to increase production, improve food security, and reduce poverty. Nepal
government has been allocating a huge amount each year for agricultural subsidies. This
paper focuses on identifying the critical issues of the effective implementation of
agricultural policies and programs in Nepal. The paper is based on primary and secondary
sources of information. The primary data were collected on the field visit and in-depth
interview has been taken with key stakeholders of the agriculture field. The secondary
sources of information are based on government and academics' publications and their
study reports. Qualitative research method has been adopted for this study, and the
collected data are being analyzed based on the narrative analysis method. This study
found that the utilization of agricultural subsidies has not been utilized properly in
practice, and small and needy farmers are not being benefitted from the agriculture
support policies and programs. It is found that government subsidies are heavily
influenced by political power and politically influential persons. The bureaucratic
complicated system, lack of transparency and good governance, lack of proper information
about the subsidy are found the key constraints to easy access of subsidy to the small
and needy farmers. In addition, failure of anti-corruptions mechanism and degradation of
the values, ethics and morality are also significant issues of Nepal.
Phytosozological analysis of a rare fraction of natural flora of Kabardino-Balkaria (Central Caucasus)
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Shkhagapsoev S.Kh.
Published: February 2021

The phytosozological structure of the rare fraction of the natural flora of Kabardino-Balkaria (Central Caucasus) was revealed with the calculation of the degree of rarity and the motives of protection.
Theoretical conceptualization of the problem of understanding bioeconomics
Authors: Yaremova Maryna
Published: February 2021

Humankind gives a new meaning to the importance of preserving the environment for future generations, which has intensified the issue of minimizing the consumption of fossil fuels. One of the ways to solve this problem lies in the plane of bioeconomic science, which is intended to promote the idea of production of food and non-food products based on renewable biological resources. It is necessary to substantiate the theoretical conceptualization of bioeconomic content in the historical dimension to provide the possibility to develop an original opinion on the matter. The purpose of the study is to consider the opinions of researchers and the divergence of their opinions on the development of a bioeconomic paradigm. The key tasks are to conduct a retrospective study of the features of scientific thoughts, substantiate the conceptual foundations of an inclusive European bioeconomy, which is described by modern thinking about the terminology of the bioeconomic direction, identify methodological approaches to the interpretation of bioeconomics in the context of sustainable development, develop an original interpretation of the content with a holistic view, where a biotechnological approach predominates, which is viewed through the lens of commercialization of biotechnological innovations and obtaining maximum profit from the sale of biotechnological products. Theoretical and methodological framework of the study includes general and special methods, including historical method (study of the genesis of the concept in chronological order), inductive and deductive methods (systematization and generalization of bioeconomic content), abstract-logical method (development of an original terminology), and graphic method (visualization of the results). The methodological platform for further research is to build models for the development of bioeconomic principles with the outline of mechanisms for their implementation
Amber therapy effect on the inflammatory process severity in purulent wounds in dogs
Authors: Hierdieva Alona , Bilyi Dmytro
Published: February 2021

Studying the amount of fibrinogen in the blood plasma of dogs is essential in determining the severity of the inflammatory process. In this regard, the aim of this work was to establish the level of fibrinogen in animals with the purulent-inflammatory process. The studies were performed by spectrophotometric method according to the generally accepted method. During the studies, the content of fibrinogen in the blood plasma of clinically healthy dogs was determined before medical care and during the wound process on the 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th days of treatment. The results of the study on dogs with purulent skin wounds revel that the amount of fibrinogen before treatment was 2 times higher (p<0.001) compared with clinically healthy animals. On the 3rd day of the study, the content of fibrinogen in blood plasma in the animals of experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was, respectively, 1.6 (p<0.001) and 1.5 (p<0.001) times higher than in the clinically healthy animals; the amount of fibrinogen was 1.7 times (p<0.001) higher in the control group of animals than in the clinically healthy dogs. On the 7th day of treatment, the level of fibrinogen in animals of the experimental group 1 was 1.2 times (p<0,01) higher than in clinically healthy dogs, while in the experimental group 2 its content was 1.1 times (p<0.05) higher. In contrast, it was 1.4 times (p<0.001) higher the control group dogs than in clinically healthy animals. Studies have shown that the administration of succinic acid and intravenous 1.5% solution of reamberin, a drug based on succinic acid, restores the level of fibrinogen in the plasma of dogs with purulent wounds on the 10th day of the wound process, compared with intravenous introduction of 5% glucose solution. The best therapeutic effect was obtained in the group of animals treated with 1.5% solution of reamberin
The use of B2B and B2C e-commerce models as a tool of anti-crisis management of industrial enterprises
Authors: Kis Halyna
Published: February 2021

E-commerce, which covers all types of trade via the Internet, has become a promising area for modern interactive business in a highly competitive environment. The use of B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C (Business-to-Consumer) e-commerce models is extremely important for crisis-free development of business entities. The aim of this study is to prove the need for organisational, production, and management innovations that involve the introduction of B2C and B2B e-commerce models, as well as to identify the main sources of funding for such innovations in enterprises in crisis. To study the specifics of the use of B2C and B2B e-commerce models as an important area of anti-crisis management of industrial enterprises, such research methods and techniques as a systems approach, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were implemented. The process of managerial activity, such as making managerial decisions, is also used. The study proves that development, implementation and use of B2B and B2C e-commerce models can be seen as an integral part of business management under the threat of bankruptcy. In practice, insolvent enterprises have very limited opportunities to implement B2B and B2C e-commerce models, so in such a situation it is very important to set priorities and find their own reserves. The priority of internal sources of financing activities in the field of e-commerce of enterprises in crisis is also due to the following: domestic sources can be mobilised in a short time and, as a rule, do not require significant capital expenses; mobilisation of internal sources reduces the company’s dependence on external creditors, partners and counterparts. The main way to identify internal sources of funding for projects for the development, implementation and use of B2B and B2C e-commerce models is collecting information about the organisation, results of its activities, financial condition and trends, analysis of financial indicators. The world economic development shows that those enterprises that do not pay proper attention to e-commerce do not have a chance to stay on the market for a long time. The development of e-commerce models causes a change in the structure of the economy. Effective development, implementation and use of B2B and B2C e-commerce models determines the company’s ability to quickly adapt to changing external environment and stay on the market for as long as possible
Three Emerging Innovative Technologies Required for Cyber Operations to Execute Commander’s Intent at Machine Speed
Authors: Stewart Andrew
Published: February 2021

Decision advantage for the DoD and Combined Cyber Operations results from the secure, seamless, and rapid maneuver of data and information. In the DoD’s 2018 Artificial Intelligence Strategy, the DoD recognized that it must, “put in place key building blocks and platforms to scale and democratize access to AI. This includes creating a common foundation of shared data, reusable tools, frameworks and standards, and cloud and edge services.” More than ever, integrated, adaptive cyber operations provide the means of maneuver for data to enable DoD’s decision advantage-based goals. To support this vision, the integrated implementation three innovative cyber technologies must be rapidly realized across DoD Networks in order to execute cyber operations according to Commander’s Intent—at machine speed.

Getting Information to the “edge” is what makes DoD competitive and provides advantage. The word “edge” in this context reflects the distributed individual platforms, sensors, and people who comprise the scale and scope of today’s globally networked DoD operations. That edge is creating the demand to access data and consume information as never before, and a greater need for more innovation to support DoD cyber operations on the DoD Information Network (DODIN). At the heart of the need for innovation is an increased demand for data and information, as well as the size and scale of networks and networking exploding without a proportionate growth in the IT resources to support today’s cyber operational demand. If the network continues to grow exponentially and must function as the medium of maneuver for the data that provides DoD decision advantage to the edge, then the DoD must deploy revolutionary innovations to reinvent the network as an integrated platform for cyber operations—across the enterprise and to the edge and implemented natively as hybrid multicloud-ready.

Three innovative, next-generation networking technologies, integrated tightly together, offer the opportunity for DoD to provide revolutionary cyber operations capabilities across the DODIN and produce improved, data-enabled mission results. The scalable and seamless integration of: (1) advanced identity management, (2) software-defined networking, and (3) hybrid multicloud capabilities provides a Commander’s Intent-driven Cyber Platform implemented in a zero trust architecture that operates at machine speed and ensures decision advantage for the DoD.
A new Track of Fatigue crack growth in Aluminum Alloy (2219) under Cyclic Stresses
Authors: Assi Abdullah Dhayea
Published: February 2021

A study of new Track of Fatigue crack growth in aluminum alloy (2219) under cyclic stresses has been made. It was found out that this crack grow and propagate in three phases, the first phase though the grain size (micro-structure short cracks(MSC)), second phase cross the boundary of the grain size to about 1mm in length (physically short cracks (PSC)) and the third phase up to the final fracture (Length cracks(LC)).  In addition, two programs were designed on MATLAB to perform the compute calculations to collect the results. The first program to calculate the practical constants and the second to make the calculations required to complete the work schedules. The stress and the parameters effecting the growth of these cracks in each phase were studied. A model consisting of three formulas was established from the experimental results. Each formula describes the behavior of the cracks in the particular phase. The comparison showed that the proposed model is safer than the experimental results for the designed parts of aircraft.
SWARM: A Novel Methodology for Integrated Circuit Layout Automation Based on Principles of Self-organization
Authors: Marolt Daniel
Published: February 2021

After more than three decades of electronic design automation, most layouts for analog integrated circuits are still handcrafted in a laborious manual fashion today. This book presents Self-organized Wiring and Arrangement of Responsive Modules (SWARM), a novel interdisciplinary methodology addressing the design problem with a decentralized multi-agent system. Its basic approach, similar to the roundup of a sheep herd, is to let autonomous layout modules interact with each other inside a successively tightened layout zone. Considering various principles of self-organization, remarkable overall solutions can result from the individual, local, selfish actions of the modules. Displaying this fascinating phenomenon of emergence, examples demonstrate SWARM’s suitability for floorplanning purposes and its application to practical place-and-route problems. From an academic point of view, SWARM combines the strengths of procedural generators with the assets of optimization algorithms, thus p...
La migración centroamericana. Apuntes para un mapa provisional
Authors: Marroquín Parducci Amparo
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 736, 2014: 91-103.
Obstáculos al ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia por parte de las víctimas del conflicto armado salvadoreño, y de sus familiares
Authors: Cuéllar Paula
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 736, 2014: 119-141.