bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ECONOMIC NEEDS OF THE MUNICIPALITY IN THE PROCESS OF CHANGE IN LAND USE FROM AGRICULTURAL TO NON-AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Authors: Boczyło Mateusz
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether the economic needs of a municipality can serve as a basis for change in land use from agricultural to non-agricultural purposes. In order to address the research question, the Author conducted an analysis of the provisions of the Act on the protection of agricultural and forest land and the Act on spatial planning and development, relating to the change of agricultural land designation for non-agricultural purposes and also examined key administrative court judgments in cases concerning the consent of the minister responsible for rural development to change the designation of agricultural land of classes I-III. The hypothesis put forward in the article, assuming that the economic needs of the municipality can serve as a basis for changing the designation of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes has been confirmed. However, the extent of the possibility to invoke them primarily depends on the soil quality classification of the land in question, as well as the specific circumstances of an individual case.
DOES RUNNING A FAMILY FARM BY AN INDIVIDUAL FARMER ON THE BASIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF 11 APRIL 2003 ON SHAPING THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM CONSTITUTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE MEANING OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE?
Authors: Czerwińska-Koral Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine whether running a family farm within the meaning of the provisions of the Act on shaping the agricultural system has the characteristics of an ordinance within the meaning of the science of ordinance. In addition, by characterizing the term “running a family farm”, the purpose is also to illustrate its distinguishing features, taking into account the specific subject of management – a family farm, specific features of the managing entity – an individual farmer and the unique impact of the external environment (specific legal provisions) on the manager’s decision-making process. The article is an attempt to apply the concept of management as it is understood in the science of ordinance in agricultural law, and this is to a specific type of property – a family farm. The dogmatic-legal and theoretical-legal methods were used. The study consists of the following parts: introduction; analysis of the concept of management and characteristics of the manager, analysis of the concept of running a family farm and the characteristics of the entity running the family farm and the impact of the environment on the farmer’s decisions; summaries where conclusions were formulated. Findings: running a family farm is a special type of management in the understanding of management sciences. In the legal literature, so far no attempt has been made to implement the concept of ordinance into agricultural law and the characteristics of this type of management. Taking into account the current literature reports, the author wishes to enrich the existing scientific achievements on the ordinance and to signal her contribution to the development of the discipline of management sciences and law.
BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING: IN SEARCH OF THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN COMPANY LAW FOR WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Herbet-Homenda Weronika
Published: April 2024

Women empowerment agenda plays a crucial law in a global legal debate. Despite years of struggle and undeniable success in several fields, women remain vastly underrepresented in the workforce and business leadership. The areas traditionally associated with gender equality are located within the public law regulations, with the core of labor and social security law. At the same time, it seems that some useful tools can be also provided by private law. Therefore, in the thought of a multi-faced, comprehensive approach, it is worth evaluating the actual and potential law of the European company law regulations. The aim of the article is to present the current legal and research state-of-play, mark the research gaps and formulate hypotheses as to the possible developments in this regard.
MODERN CREATIVE VENUES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA
Authors:   FSBEI HE «East Siberian state Institute of culture», Kharitonova Svetlana Alexandrovna , Korotkov Efim Sergeevich
Published: April 2024

The authors of the article consider the specific diversity of creative venues in Ulan-Ude and the Republic of Buryatia, and give a description of the services delivered. They analyze the conducted sociological research on the basis of which they offer their own models of organizing the creative space with the use of modeling method.
CONTROL SYSTEM OF RECIPROCATING-ROTATIONAL ELECTRIC DRIVE OF SEPARATING MACHINE
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, LINENKO A.V. , BAYNAZAROV V.G. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Halilov B.R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: April 2024

The article considers a reciprocating-rotational electric drive based on a linear asynchronous electric motor, which simplifies the design of the drive mechanism of the separating machine and reduces operating costs. When simplifying the design of the drive mechanism (abandoning the use of a crank mechanism), the rigid kinematic connection between the working body and the electric motor is replaced by an elastic connection between them. Thus, there is a dependence of the kinematic parameters of the working body on its inertial forces. The oscillation frequency of the working body along the axis of its rotation is set by the fre- quency of its rotation, and the linear asynchronous electric motor is constantly connected to the power source. Accordingly, if the working body reaches the extreme point when it moves along the axis of rotation, and the traction force of the electric motor acts on it at this moment (the working surface of the electric motor inductor has not reached the technical hole on the secondary element), then the inductor of the linear asynchronous electric motor will overheat. To solve this problem, the article suggests using a developed control system that allows for required oscillation of the working body along its axis of rotation by regulating the voltage at the input of the electric motor. The results of experimental studies have shown that the use of the proposed electric motor control system allows reducing the heating temperature of the electric motor inductor by 24 °C
PRODUCTIVITY OF ALFALFA VARIEGATED VARIETIES OF THE OMSK AGRARIAN SCIENTIFIC CENTER SELECTION
Authors:   Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, PUZIKOV A.N. , MOMONOV A.KH. ,   Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, Dubinin A.V. ,   Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center
Published: April 2024

Alfalfa variegated stands out for its high fodder qualities - nutritional value and digestibility, as well as improves soil fertility and structure, is an excellent predecessor for many crops. The purpose of the research is to evaluate of Alfalfa variegated varieties of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center selection in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region and to identify the most promising material for further use in breeding and seed production. The object of research is the varieties Omskaya 7, Flora 7, Flora 8, Pamyati Goncharova. The studies were carried out in 2018–2021 on the experimental fields of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The most favorable weather conditions for the formation of increased yields of green mass, dry matter and seeds for all varieties developed in 2020. On average, over two cycles of research in competitive variety testing, a significant increase in the yield of green mass and dry matter was noted in the Pamyati Goncharova variety, the excess over the control of Omskaya 7 was 5.40 and 2.23 t/ha or 13.2 and 26.1 %, respectively. The average yield of seeds of varieties was 0.58 c/ha (0.50–0.72 c/ha), and the protein content was 19.27 % (18.46–20.08 %). The yield of seeds and protein content of all varieties in the first year of use of the herbage is much higher than in the second year of use, and in terms of the yield of green mass, a significant excess was noted in the second year of use of the herbage
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBSPECIES OF BEES IN THE MURADYMOV GORGE NATURE PARK
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Hisamov A.R. , Shelekhov D.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kaskinova M.D. ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a study on the analysis of the subspecies belonging of bee colonies from two apiaries in the Muradymov Gorge Nature Park using nine microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA and the intergenic locus COI-COII of mitochondrial DNA. As a result, it was found that only one family descends on the maternal line from the evolutionary branch M (to which the subspecies dark forest, or Central Russian, bee Apis mellifera mellifera belongs), the remaining families descend from the branch C (includes subspecies A. M. carnica, A. m. ligustica, A. caucasica). The analysis of microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA showed that all families have a hybrid origin or belong to subspecies from the evolutionary branch of C.
Model Predator-Prey Leslie-Gower dengan Fungsi Respon Sokol-Howell dan Perilaku Anti Predator
Authors: Fardinah  , Ekawati Darma , Hikmah Hikmah , Rachman Hirman
Published: April 2024

This study discusses the Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with the Sokol-Howell response function and anti-predator behavior. It is assumed that prey has anti-predator behavior that aims to reduce the risk of predation and not as an attempt by prey to find food. This study aims to formulate a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with the Sokol-Howell response function and anti-predator behavior, analyze the model's equilibrium point and model interpretation. Stability analysis was carried out using the linearization method. The type of stability is determined based on the characteristic eigenvalues ​​obtained using Routh-Hurwitz criteria. The results of the analysis of the equilibrium point show that prey populations will exist and predators will become extinct if the anti-predator coefficient is greater than the intrinsic growth coefficient of predators, while prey and predator populations will always exist if the intrinsic growth coefficient of predators is greater than the anti-predator coefficient and fulfills other conditions required. Based on the numerical simulations performed, the interpretation is that an enlarged anti-predator coefficient increases the number of prey populations until they approach the carrying capacity, while predator populations decrease significantly and over time experience extinction.
Психолого-дидактичні основи сучасних освітніх технології візуалізації
Authors: Дембіцька Софія , Кобилянська Ірина , Кобилянський Олександр , Пугач Віталіна
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the studied issues is that the introduction of modern technologies of visualization of educational information in the educational environment of higher school is a tool for ensuring the quality of professional training. Accordingly, there is a need to determine the psychological and didactic fundamentals of this process in order to use them as efficiently as possible.
The purpose of the given study is to determine the psychological and didactic fundamentals of modern educational technologies of visualization and to formulate practical recommendations for their implementation in the educational process of higher school.
Based on the outlined features of the cognitive activity of modern generation (the ability to quickly switch between different semantic fragments, high speed of information processing, preference for perceiving information in a figurative form, inability to perceive linear information, etc.), the most significant cognitive needs of modern students are characterized. Prospective technologies for visualizing educational information (mind maps, scribing, video scribing, etc.) and methodical features of their use in the process of professional training are characterized. The tasks of modern visualization tools are defined (tool for improving the educational process, concentrated presentation of educational material, provision of the correspondence of educational material corresponds to the psychophysiological characteristics of students and rational organization of educational and cognitive activities of students). The author's experience in the use of modern visualization technologies, which are based on the application of modern software products, in the process of professional training of future specialists has been presented.
Самовиховання як основа професійної підготовки педагога закладу вищої освіти
Authors: Столяренко Олена , Бурлака Неля , Московчук Ольга
Published: April 2024

Self-education is an integral part of the professional training of a future specialist, and important criteria for a good teacher are a high level of knowledge, a broad outlook, rich life experience in solving pedagogical problems, and the skills that allow them to present complex material in an accessible way. The article reveals the essence of the concepts of «self-education» and «professional self-education», shows the versatility of the teacher's activity, and considers the modern requirements for professional training of teachers. The current situation of professional training of a specialist in a higher education institution can be characterized as a restructuring of consciousness and personal self-knowledge, the formation of a focus on successful professional activity, the search for new ways of self-realization and self-affirmation. In such conditions, the problem of teacher self-education as the basis of professional training becomes relevant, since it allows to form the traits and qualities that determine the implementation of successful professional activity, ensures the processes of socialization and professional development. The article describes the methods of self-education of a teacher, since a positive self-assessment, the ability to see and appreciate their advantages generally create the prospect of further professional and personal growth. It is noted that personal and professional growth directly depends on the processes of self-education and self-improvement, which allows the future teacher to be most effectively realized in their activities, ensuring their development and self-development, and promoting a creative approach to work. It is proved that the process of self-education in the process of professional training of a teacher of a higher education institution is extremely individual. Self-education begins with a person's self-awareness of themselves as individuals and their place in social activities, with an understanding of the norms and requirements of society, their own needs and capabilities, and a correct assessment of their actions.
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF UNCHECKED CAPITALISM
Authors: Shackel Paul A.
Published: April 2024

The racialization of immigrant labor and the labor strife in the coal and textile communities in northeastern Pennsylvania appears to be an isolated incident in history. Rather this history can serve as a touchstone, connecting the history of the exploited laborers to today’s labor in the global economy. By drawing parallels between the past and present – for example, the coal mines of the nineteenth-century northeastern Pennsylvania and the sweatshops of the twenty-first century in Bangladesh – we can have difficult conversations about the past and advance our commitment to address social justice issues.
Short-term changes in the physiology of the primary motor cortex following head impact exposure during a Canadian football game
Authors: Vinet Sophie-Andrée , Martens Géraldine , Guay Samuel , Apinis-Deshaies Amélie , Merbah Johan , Caré Bertrand R. , Corbin-Berrigan Laurie-Ann , Wagnac Eric , De Beaumont Louis
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the association between head impact exposure (HIE) during varsity Canadian football games and short-term changes in cortical excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

METHODS

Twenty-nine university-level male athletes wore instrumented mouth guards during a football game to measure HIE. TMS measurements were conducted 24 hours before and 1–2 hours after the game. Twenty control football athletes were submitted to a noncontact training session and underwent identical TMS assessments. Between-group changes in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) ratios over time were conducted using two-way ANOVAs. The relationship between HIE (i.e., number, magnitude, and cumulative forces of impacts) and SICI (secondary outcome) was also investigated using Pearson correlations.

RESULTS

Relative to controls, the group of athletes who had played a full-contact football game exhibited a significant intracortical disinhibition (p = 0.028) on the SICI 3-msec protocol (i.e., short interstimulus interval of 3 msec) within hours following the game. Moreover, exposure to ≥ 40g hits positively correlated with SICI disinhibition (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Athletes exposed to subconcussive hits associated with Canadian football exhibit abnormal M1 corticomotor inhibition function, particularly when the recorded impact magnitude was ≥ 40g. Given the deleterious effects of decreased inhibition on motor control and balance, systematically tracking head impact forces at each game and practice with contacts could prove useful for injury prevention in contact sports.
Impact of collagen matrix on reconstructive material selection and postoperative complications in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Tanji Masahiro , Oishi Masahiro , Sano Noritaka , Terada Yukinori , Kikuchi Masahiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Sakamoto Tatsunori , Matsunaga Mami , Kuwata Fumihiko , Kitada Yuji , Yamashita Masaru , Mineharu Yohei , Miyamoto Susumu , Arakawa Yoshiki
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of collagen matrix on reconstructive material selection and postoperative complications in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive patients who underwent purely endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery from January 2015 to March 2023. Intraoperative CSF leakage was classified according to the Esposito grade, and skull base repair was tailored to the leakage grade. The patients were divided into two groups: before (group A) and after (group B) collagen matrix implementation. The rates of autologous graft harvesting (fat, fascia, and nasoseptal flap), postoperative CSF leakage, and donor-site complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

In total, 270 patients were included. Group A included 159 patients and group B included 111 patients. There were no differences in patient characteristics, including age, pathology, and Esposito grade, between the two groups. The overall fat usage rate was significantly higher in group A (63.5%) than in group B (39.6%) (p = 0.0001), and the fascia usage rate was also significantly higher in group A (25.8%) than in group B (4.5%) (p < 0.0001). The nasoseptal flap usage rate did not differ between group A (32.7%) and group B (30.6%) (p = 0.79). Postoperative CSF leakage was similar between the two groups (0.63% in group A vs 1.8% in group B, p = 0.57), and the overall rate of CSF leakage was 1.1%. Donor-site complications occurred in 3 patients in group A, including 1 abdominal hematoma, 1 delayed abdominal infection, and 1 fluid collection after fascia lata harvesting.

CONCLUSIONS

Collagen matrix implementation significantly decreased autologous graft harvesting without increasing postoperative CSF leakage, contributing to less invasive surgery.
Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin in cranial surgery: a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: Coucke Birgit , De Vleeschouwer Steven , van Loon Johannes , Van Calenbergh Frank , Van Hoylandt Anaïs , Van Gerven Laura , Theys Tom
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

CSF leakage is a major complication after cranial surgery, and although fibrin sealants are widely used for reinforcing dural closure, concerns exist regarding their safety, efficacy, and cost. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), an autologous platelet concentrate, is readily available and inexpensive, making it a cost-effective alternative for commercially available fibrin sealants. This study aimed to demonstrate the noninferiority of L-PRF compared with commercially available fibrin sealants in preventing postoperative CSF leakage in supra- and infratentorial cranial surgery, with secondary outcomes focused on CSF leakage risk factors and adverse events.

METHODS

In a single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled interventional trial conducted at a neurosurgery department of a tertiary care center (UZ Leuven, Belgium), patients undergoing elective cranial neurosurgery were randomly assigned to receive either L-PRF (active treatment) or commercially available fibrin sealants (control) for dural closure in a 1:1 ratio.

RESULTS

Among 350 included patients, 328 were analyzed for the primary endpoint (44.5% male, mean age 52.3 ± 15.1 years). Six patients (5 in the control group, 1 in the L-PRF group) presented with CSF leakage requiring any intervention (relative risk [RR] 0.20, one-sided 95% CI −∞ to 1.02, p = 0.11), confirming noninferiority. Of these 6 patients, 1 (in the control group) presented with CSF leakage requiring revision surgery. No risk factors for reconstruction failure in combination with L-PRF were identified. RRs for adverse events such as infection (0.72, 95% CI −∞ to 1.96) and meningitis (0.36, 95% CI −∞ to 1.25) favored L-PRF treatment, although L-PRF treatment showed slightly more bleeding events (1.44, 95% CI −∞ to 4.66).

CONCLUSIONS

Dural reinforcement with L-PRF proved noninferior to commercially available fibrin sealants, with no safety issues. Introducing L-PRF to standard clinical practice could result in important cost savings due to accessibility and lower cost.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT03812120 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
UJI KINERJA PROTOTYPE KOMPOR OLI BEKAS DITINJAU DARI KOMPOSISI OLI TERHADAP LAJU ALIR BAHAN BAKAR
Authors: Febriana Ida , Yuka Fari Saputra  , Najib Nursal Alfarabi  , Erlinawati  , Yunanto Isnandar
Published: April 2024

Oli merupakan salah satu limbah b3 (bahan berbahaya dan racun) dimana oli ini dapat mencemari lingkungan, termasuk mencemari air dan tanah. Oleh karena itu, limbah oli harus dikurangi dengan mengunakannya sebagai bahan bakar pembakaran. Dengan mencampurkan solar dengan oli akan membuat suhu pembakaran yang  cukup tinggi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kondisi paling optimum yaitu pada campuran oli 50% :50% solar dengan mengoptimalkan pembakaran menggunakan laju alir udara 5,4-5,6 m/s agar dapat mengurangi terjadinya pembakaran tidak sempurna sehingga tidak dihasilkan asap yang pekat. Pada campuran oli 50% : 50% solar ini juga dihasilkan laju alir bahan bakar 1,8L/jam dan Air Fuel Ratio 24,69  dengan suhu pembakaran 530-550 °C yang memiliki nilai kalor 10772,149 cal/gram sehingga dapat disimpulkan Sampel ini merupakan Sampel paling optimum karena menggunakan oli 50% dari volume Sampel yang membuat pembakaran menjadi lebih ekonomis dimana oli memiliki nilai yang lebih ekonomis dan mudah diperoleh dibandingkan bahan bakar cair lain.
Speech and language therapy services for autistic children in Munster: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of parental experiences and expectations
Authors: O’Shea David , Lisiecka Dominika , McGarty Patrick
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: From a medical perspective, autism is characterised by a dyad of impairments in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviours. However, the neurodiversity movement sees autism as a difference and not as a disability. Autistic individuals account for 1–2% of the population and many autistic children and their families access Speech & Language Therapy (SLT). In Ireland, SLT is provided across primary care, childrens’ disability network teams, as part of the progressing disability services for children and young people, and private providers. However, little is known about parents’ experiences accessing SLT services for autistic children. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the parental experiences of SLT services for autistic children in the province of Munster, Ireland. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used as a methodological framework. Semi-structured online interviews were carried out with six participants to identify their experiences of receiving SLT services for their autistic children. Data analysis followed a structured process, starting with in-depth explorations of individual datasets before cross-case analysis of the whole sample. FINDINGS: Participants expressed a variety of experiences and expectations of SLT provision, which centred on three thematic journeys: 1) Parenting an autistic child, 2) Experiencing and navigating SLT services for autistic children and 3) Evolving expectations of SLT service changes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide insight into parents’ individual and shared experiences of SLT services for autistic children, which may enrich service providers’ understanding of parents’ perceptions of SLT services. Future research should focus on exploring the experiences of autistic individuals and Speech and Language Therapists providing services for autistic children.2
Tirzepatide and exercise training in obesity
Authors: Bagherzadeh-Rahmani Behnam , Marzetti Emanuele , Karami Esmail , Campbell Bill I. , Fakourian Ali , Haghighi Amir Hossein , Mousavi Seyyed Hossein , Heinrich Katie M. , Brazzi Luca , Jung Friedrich , Baker Julien S. , Patel Darpan I.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) and Tirzepatide supplementation on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in prediabetic obese soldiers.

METHODS:

61 obese men were randomly divided into six groups: Placebo; Tirzepatide 5 mg (T5); Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (T2.5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Placebo (Ex+P); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 5 mg (Ex+T5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (Ex+T2.5). All training groups performed aerobic training (AT) after resistance training. Subjects trained for six weeks, three sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, the participants were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition [body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and fat mass (FM)], cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and muscle strength (chest press 1RM and leg press 1RM). Blood biochemistry evaluations included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). To evaluate the differences between the groups, ANCOVA statistical method was used along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, and the significance level was P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

Body weight, BMI, WC, FM, FBG, LDL-C, TC, TG and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. WHR significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo group. HDL-C, chest press and leg press significantly increased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. VO2max significantly increased and insulin significantly decreased in Ex+P group compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. FM, FBG and TG were significantly decreased in both the T2.5 and T5 groups compared to Placebo group. HOMA-IR, LDL-C and TC significantly decreased in the T5 group compared to Placebo group. Also, leg press significantly increased in Ex+P group compared to all other groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Performing six weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training in the form of RT+AT alone is more effective than the simultaneous use of Tirzepatide on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and modulating insulin levels. Taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg and 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training did not have a significant advantage over exercise training alone. Finally, taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg or 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training is not significantly superior to each other.
Prospective Role of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ as Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Giusto Elena , Maistrello Lorenza , Iannotta Lucia , Giusti Veronica , Iovino Ludovica , Bandopadhyay Rina , Antonini Angelo , Bubacco Luigi , Barresi Rita , Plotegher Nicoletta , Greggio Elisa , Civiero Laura
Published: April 2024

Background:

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly distinguished by sporadic etiology, although a genetic component is also well established. Variants in the LRRK2 gene are associated with both familiar and sporadic disease. We have previously shown that PAK6 and 14-3-3γ protein interact with and regulate the activity of LRRK2.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to quantify PAK6 and 14-3-3γ in plasma as reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of both sporadic and LRRK2-linked Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:

After an initial quantification of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ expression by means of Western blot in post-mortem human brains, we verified the presence of the two proteins in plasma by using quantitative ELISA tests. We analyzed samples obtained from 39 healthy subjects, 40 patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease, 50 LRRK2-G2019S non-manifesting carriers and 31 patients with LRRK2-G2019S Parkinson’s disease.

Results:

The amount of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ is significantly different in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, the amount of PAK6 also varies with the presence of the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene. Although the generalized linear models show a low association between the presence of Parkinson’s disease and PAK6, the kinase could be added in a broader panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.

Conclusions:

Changes of PAK6 and 14-3-3γ amount in plasma represent a shared readout for patients affected by sporadic and LRRK2-linked Parkinson’s disease. Overall, they can contribute to the establishment of an extended panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.
Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: One and the Same
Authors: Borghammer Per , Okkels Niels , Weintraub Daniel
Published: April 2024

The question whether Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are expressions of the same underlying disease has been vigorously debated for decades. The recently proposed biological definitions of Lewy body disease, which do not assign any particular importance to the dopamine system over other degenerating neurotransmitter systems, has once more brought the discussion about different types of Lewy body disease to the forefront. Here, we briefly compare PDD and DLB in terms of their symptoms, imaging findings, and neuropathology, ultimately finding them to be indistinguishable. We then present a conceptual framework to demonstrate how one can view different clinical syndromes as manifestations of a shared underlying Lewy body disease. Early Parkinson’s disease, isolated RBD, pure autonomic failure and other autonomic symptoms, and perhaps even psychiatric symptoms, represent diverse manifestations of the initial clinical stages of Lewy body disease. They are characterized by heterogeneous and comparatively limited neuronal dysfunction and damage. In contrast, Lewy body dementia, an encompassing term for both PDD and DLB, represents a more uniform and advanced stage of the disease. Patients in this category display extensive and severe Lewy pathology, frequently accompanied by co-existing pathologies, as well as multi-system neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Thus, we propose that Lewy body disease should be viewed as a single encompassing disease entity. Phenotypic variance is caused by the presence of individual risk factors, disease mechanisms, and co-pathologies. Distinct subtypes of Lewy body disease can therefore be defined by subtype-specific disease mechanisms or biomarkers.
Projection domain decomposition denoising algorithm based on low rank and similarity-based regularization
Authors: Lu Chang , Han Zhenye , Zou Jing
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Projection Domain Decomposition (PDD) is a dual energy reconstruction method which implements the decomposition process before image reconstruction. The advantage of PDD is that it can alleviate beam hardening artifacts and metal artifacts effectively as energy spectra estimation is considered in PDD. However, noise amplification occurs during the decomposition process, which significantly impacts the accuracy of effective atomic number and electron density. Therefore, effective noise reduction techniques are required in PDD.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to develop a new algorithm capable of minimizing noise while simultaneously preserving edges and fine details.

METHODS:

In this study, a denoising algorithm based on low rank and similarity-based regularization (LRSBR) is presented. This algorithm incorporates the low-rank characteristic of tensors into similarity-based regularization (SBR) framework. This method effectively addresses the issue of instability in edge pixels within the SBR algorithm and enhances the structural consistency of dual-energy images.

RESULTS:

A series of simulation and practical experiments were conducted on a dual-layer dual-energy CT system. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms exiting noise removal methods in Peak Signal-to-noise Ratio (PSNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Structural Similarity (SSIM). Meanwhile, there has been a notable enhancement in the visual quality of CT images.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proposed algorithm has a significantly improved noise reduction compared to other competing approach in dual-energy CT. Meanwhile, the LRSBR method exhibits outstanding performance in preserving edges and fine structures, making it practical for PDD applications.
Bank Interest in the Contemporary Era: Problem of Ad'afan Muda'afah Interpretation in Determining Law of Usury
Authors: Karimuddin Karimuddin , Haeqal Muhammad , Efendi Rahmad , Marhadi Marhadi , Meidina Ahmad Rezy
Published: April 2024

Usury in Islam is a prohibited system in the Qur'an and hadith. The system is not recognized in the modern banking system, leading to different opinions among Muslims in determining the legality of bank interest. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the contemporary law of bank interest, focusing on the different opinions among the mufasir on the definition of Ad'afan Muda'afah as a basis for determining the legality of usury. A normative method was adopted, and a literature review of several scholars was conducted on usury law and the interpretation of Ad'afan Muda'afah. The data was analyzed considering the modern banking system within the framework of Islamic law, particularly Maqashid Shari'ah. The results showed that the difference in the illat used for bank interest law varied in legal conclusions. Despite efforts to forbid bank interest, Muslims did not attain a definite solution to avoid this issue. Consequently, bank interest was temporarily sanctioned under certain conditions such as not being compounded, having low interest, and not comprising any form of persecution. To address this problem, Muslims should support the existence of Islamic bank producing muamalah products according to Islamic Sharia.
Improving Oral Bioavailability of Meloxicam: Development and Characterization of Solid Dispersions
Authors: Ratan Rajeev , Malik Jitendra , Singh Gyan , Kumar G Pawan , Singh Surendra Pratap , Tiwari Anadi , Gupta Prachi
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the development of a solid dispersion to improve the solubility and dissolution of meloxicam, a poorly water-soluble drug. Meloxicam is used to treat pain and inflammation in various conditions. The challenge was to enhance the drug's oral bioavailability by overcoming its low solubility. Two approaches were explored:

1. Kneading method with Poloxamer 407: This method resulted in a formulation with significantly improved solubility compared to the pure drug.

Solvent evaporation method with PVP K-30: While this method offered satisfactory solubility enhancement, it was not as effective as the kneading method with Poloxamer 407.Following the development of the optimized solid dispersion, a suspension formulation was prepared using various suspending agents. The optimized drug formula was then incorporated into the suspension mix. Characterization studies confirmed compatibility between the drug and excipients. FT-IR analysis showed no interaction between the drug and the carriers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a change in meloxicam particle morphology from crystalline to a more amorphous form, indicating a reduction in particle size and a potential explanation for the improved dissolution profile. The dissolution profile of the solid dispersion suspension prepared by the kneading method with Poloxamer 407 outperformed the one prepared with the solvent evaporation method and PVP K-30.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the kneading method with Poloxamer 407 in developing a solid dispersion of meloxicam with enhanced solubility and dissolution. The optimized formulation exhibited good stability, acceptable drug content and release, and satisfactory rheological properties. This approach has the potential to improve the bioavailability of meloxicam and lead to a more effective oral dosage form.

Keywords: Oral Bioavailability, Meloxicam:, Solid Dispersions , FT-IR analysis, SEM
Extractivismo, naturaleza y pueblos indígenas
Authors: Lozano Parra Johan Sebastian , Jaimes Melgarejo María Fernanda
Published: April 2024

A partir de la promulgación de la Constitución política de 1991, Colombia atravesó una serie de cambios en sus fundamentos como Estado, pues pasó de ser un Estado de derecho a uno social y democrático de derecho. Tal aseveración instauró la dignidad humana como principal pilar de toda actuación realizada dentro del aparato estatal. Esto permitió la ampliación y el reconocimiento de multiplicidad de derechos, así como de los elementos esenciales que constituían a Colombia. No obstante, tal situación no ha sido totalmente definida y clara para los pueblos indígenas, pues ha sido la Corte Constitucional, mediante su propia jurisprudencia, la que ha ido enmarcando la evolución de los derechos que tales comunidades tienen de cara a la consulta previa, ampliando y creando reglas y subreglas sobre las maneras en que este derecho opera. El problema que se plantea es el siguiente: ¿de qué manera la Corte Constitucional ha amparado los derechos de las comunidades indígenas y los pueblos tribales dentro del Estado colombiano, respecto del reconocimiento de la consulta previa? La principal respuesta permitió determinar que, al desarrollar su marco jurídico, el alto tribunal ha sido la salvaguardia no solo de las comunidades indígenas, sino también de la operatividad de la consulta previa.
Sindacato, partecipazione, economia fondamentale
Authors: Salento Angelo , Costalunga Nicola
Published: April 2024

La lunga stagione di corrosione dell'economia fondamentale ha ridotto la disponibilità di beni e servizi di qualità e ha decurtato il reddito residuo delle famiglie alimentando i costi di beni e servizi essenziali. I sindacati appaiono oggi fra i pochi attori istituzionali con la sufficiente capacità organizzativa, gestionale e di agency per promuovere un rinnovamento dell'economia fondamentale. Quest'articolo presenta i primi risultati di una ricerca che esplora il coinvolgimento dei sindacati italiani nelle questioni che riguardano l'economia fondamentale, con l'obiettivo di ottenere una ricognizione realistica del repertorio d'azione del sindacato in questo spazio economico – sia sul piano della negoziazione, sia su quello del campaigning, sia su quello della produzione di conoscenza – dando conto anche dei di- lemmi e delle difficoltà che questi sforzi sollevano.
La Just Transition come strategia partecipativa del lavoro: sapere operaio e democrazia economica nella vertenza ex GKN
Authors: Gabbriellini Francesca , Leonardi Emanuele
Published: April 2024

Il concetto di Just Transition (JT) nel lavoro per la trasformazione ecologica è stato oggetto di critica e riflessione nelle scienze sociali. Originariamente difensivo, nell'oggi implica un coinvolgimento sindacale più ampio. Tuttavia, l'attenzione delle organizzazioni sindacali sull'occupazione si concentra principalmente sulla quantità e qualità dei posti di lavoro. Al fine di illuminare il ruolo della partecipazione dei lavoratori nella produzione e nel proces- so di lavoro, si propone l'esempio della vertenza ex Gkn di Campi Bisenzio (FI) come mo- dello di partecipazione operaia, incentrata sul sapere degli operai e sulla democrazia eco- nomica. In breve, la ricerca indaga come la JT possa essere una strategia partecipativa del lavoro. Attraverso il caso-studio ex Gkn, si evidenzia come il processo di conversione eco- logica dello stabilimento, inclusa la mobilitazione sociale e la redazione di progetti di riatti- vazione ecologico-produttiva, possa prefigurare l'avvio di una transizione ecologica "dal basso", capace di valorizzare il potenziale trasformativo della convergenza tra sapere operaio e saperi esperti per le politiche pubbliche e per la ricerca e l'azione sindacali.
Dalla sofferenza alla convergenza: attori e luoghi della partecipazione nel caso Mondo Convenienza
Authors: Verduci Antonella
Published: April 2024

Campi Bisenzio, Settimo Torinese, Calderara di Reno, piccole cittadine distanti tra loro, ma avvicinate da un filo rosso: gli scioperi dei lavoratori di Mondo Convenienza. Lo scopo del contributo è quello di mettere a sistema la partecipazione degli attori nelle vicende (istituzioni, sindacati, lavoratori) e i luoghi della partecipazione (social network, magazzini e depositi dove si sono stabiliti i presidi e attuati gli scioperi). Nel primo caso, il focus verte su un'indagine degli orientamenti regionali sui temi dell'interventismo istituzionale e della cultura sindacale. Nel secondo caso, invece, la questione affrontata è se e in che modo le differenti scenografie virtuali hanno rappresentato un input inusuale alle proteste. Il successo della mobilitazione diffusa, pur manifestandosi con esiti differenti, si è determinato grazie a un calibrato equilibrio tra margini di attivazione dei lavoratori, incidenza della eco mediatica, progettualità sindacale e volontà pubblico-politica.
Il contratto collettivo dei metalmeccanici nel sistema di relazioni industriali: intuizioni e innovazioni alla prova dei fatti
Authors: Centamore Giulio , Lassandari Andrea , Martelloni Federico , Nuzzo Valeria
Published: April 2024

Il saggio analizza il Ccnl dell'industria metalmeccanica nel testo successivo al rinnovo del 2021, sotto alcuni profili che vengono considerati di particolare interesse: gli istituti partecipativi previsti dal contratto collettivo, la storica riforma dell'inquadramento dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici del settore ed il tema connesso della formazione, la questione del salario e, infine, i rinvii alla contrattazione di secondo livello, anche per quanto attiene ai raccordi con il contratto nazionale. Nel complesso, per le relazioni industriali del settore, se non, più in generale, per il sistema di relazioni industriali italiano, il contratto collettivo del 2021 è un testo che contiene importanti novità, come dimostra la grande attenzione che la dottrina di diritto del lavoro e di relazioni industriali ha dedicato a questo accordo. D'altra parte, l'effettiva portata di alcune soluzioni trovate dal contratto – su tutte la riforma dell'inquadramento – andrà misurata con il tempo e in base alle ricadute pratiche.
Invisible landscapes. Historical research and groundwater
Authors: Bonatesta Antonio
Published: April 2024

Groundwater is an essential part of the planet's water reserves. In modern times, this resource has become increasingly important in determining production methods, modernisation processes and urban settlement patterns, often with contradictory connotations: sometimes a complementary factor, other times a completely alternative resource to the large-scale water infrastructure projects promoted by the state and hydraulic technocracies. Yet, Italian and international historiography has so far paid little attention to groundwater as an object of study in its own right. From a methodological point of view, this requires a close dialogue with other scientific disciplines, involving categories such as the Anthropocene, the hydrosocial cycle and shadow waters, as well as a focus on international historiography, looking in particular at the national or subcontinental contexts that have had to deal with the presence of large underground aquifers.
Partecipazione ad eventi negativi e positivi e resistenza alla suggestionabilità
Authors: Di Blasio Paola , Ionio Chiara
Published: April 2024

Alcuni studi sulla suggestionabilità interrogatoria hanno evidenziato che la capacità dei bam-bini di resistere all'induzione suggestiva è favorita dalla partecipazione attiva all'evento. La nostra ricerca si inserisce in questo filone di studi con l'obiettivo di verificare se il coinvolgi-mento attivo in un evento connotato emotivamente (in senso positivo o negativo) rispetto alla semplice osservazione consenta la resistenza alle domande suggestive. Il protocollo di ricerca ha visto i bambini sperimentare tre diverse situazioni come osservatori di un evento (neutro) o come protagonisti ad un evento connotato negativamente (Partecipato-Negativo) o positiva-mente (Partecipato-Positivo). Tali eventi sono stati oggetto di 27 domande (aperte, misleading e tag) poste a distanza di una settimana e di un mese Alle prime due fasi della ricerca hanno partecipato 124 bambini di età tra 7 e 10 anni (età media = 8.56), di cui 58 femmine e 66 ma-schi, e alla terza fase 71 bambini. I risultati hanno evidenziato differenze significative nella resistenza alla suggestionabilità in funzione del tipo di evento. In particolare a distanza di una settimana e di un mese, le domande relative all'evento Partecipato-Negativo hanno ricevuto un maggior numero di risposte corrette e il minor numero di risposte errate in connessione sia alle domande misleading sia a quelle tag.
La disorganizzazione dell'attaccamento spiega i sintomi post-traumatici nei bambini vittime di violenza intrafamiliare?
Authors: Camisasca Elena , Miragoli Sarah , Di Blasio Paola
Published: April 2024

La violenza sui minori si configura come un trauma relazionale di tipo cronico con esiti disadattivi in termini sia di attaccamento sia di sintomatologia post-traumatica. Numerosi lavori evidenziano come l'attaccamento disorganizzato costituisca un importante fattore di rischio per l'insorgenza di sintomi di esternalizzazione, dissociativi e post-traumatici. I Modelli Operativi Interni (MOI) disorganizzati possono costituire un meccanismo psicologico chiave per comprendere l'effetto della violenza intrafamiliare sulle conseguenze post-traumatiche. Lo studio si propone di: 1) verificare eventuali differenze nei MOI dell'attaccamento e nella sintomatologia post-traumatica in un gruppo di 47 bambini maltrattati e in gruppo di 59 bambini appartenenti a nuclei familiari svantaggiati; 2) esplorare, nel solo gruppo di bambini maltrattati, se la disorganizzazione media l'associazione tra tipo di violenza e sintomatologia post-traumatica. I risultati mostrano che, rispetto al gruppo di controllo, i bambini maltrattati presentano esiti disadattivi più gravi. Inoltre, i dati indicano che i MOI disorganizzati costituiscono l'unico predittore dei sintomi depressivi; mediano totalmente i sintomi di rabbia e dissociativi, e solo parzialmente i sintomi ansiosi e di PTSD.