bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overconfidence in climate overshoot
Authors: Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Ganti Gaurav , Lejeune Quentin , Zhu Biqing , Pfleiderer Peter , Prütz Ruben , Ciais Philippe , Frölicher Thomas L. , Fuss Sabine , Gasser Thomas , Gidden Matthew J. , Kropf Chahan M. , Lacroix Fabrice , Lamboll Robin , Martyr Rosanne , Maussion Fabien , McCaughey Jamie W. , Meinshausen Malte , Mengel Matthias , Nicholls Zebedee , Quilcaille Yann , Sanderson Benjamin , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Sillmann Jana , Smith Christopher J. , Steinert Norman J. , Theokritoff Emily , Warren Rachel , Price Jeff , Rogelj Joeri
Published: October 2024

Global emission reduction efforts continue to be insufficient to meet the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement1. This makes the systematic exploration of so-called overshoot pathways that temporarily exceed a targeted global warming limit before drawing temperatures back down to safer levels a priority for science and policy2–5. Here we show that global and regional climate change and associated risks after an overshoot are different from a world that avoids it. We find that achieving declining global temperatures can limit long-term climate risks compared with a mere stabilization of global warming, including for sea-level rise and cryosphere changes. However, the possibility that global warming could be reversed many decades into the future might be of limited relevance for adaptation planning today. Temperature reversal could be undercut by strong Earth-system feedbacks resulting in high near-term and continuous long-term warming6,7. To hedge and protect against high-risk outcomes, we identify the geophysical need for a preventive carbon dioxide removal capacity of several hundred gigatonnes. Yet, technical, economic and sustainability considerations may limit the realization of carbon dioxide removal deployment at such scales8,9. Therefore, we cannot be confident that temperature decline after overshoot is achievable within the timescales expected today. Only rapid near-term emission reductions are effective in reducing climate risks.
Dendritic, delayed, stochastic CaMKII activation in behavioural time scale plasticity
Authors: Jain Anant , Nakahata Yoshihisa , Pancani Tristano , Watabe Tetsuya , Rusina Polina , South Kelly , Adachi Kengo , Yan Long , Simorowski Noriko , Furukawa Hiro , Yasuda Ryohei
Published: October 2024

Behavioural time scale plasticity (BTSP) is non-Hebbian plasticity induced by integrating presynaptic and postsynaptic components separated by a behaviourally relevant time scale (seconds)1. BTSP in hippocampal CA1 neurons underlies place cell formation. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable synapse-specific plasticity on a behavioural time scale are unknown. Here we show that BTSP can be induced in a single dendritic spine using two-photon glutamate uncaging paired with postsynaptic current injection temporally separated by a behavioural time scale. Using an improved Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) sensor, we did not detect CaMKII activation during this BTSP induction. Instead, we observed dendritic, delayed and stochastic CaMKII activation (DDSC) associated with Ca2+ influx and plateau potentials 10–100 s after BTSP induction. DDSC required both presynaptic and postsynaptic activity, which suggests that CaMKII can integrate these two signals. Also, optogenetically blocking CaMKII 15–30 s after the BTSP protocol inhibited synaptic potentiation, which indicated that DDSC is an essential mechanism of BTSP. IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release facilitated both DDSC and BTSP. Thus, our study suggests that non-synapse-specific CaMKII activation provides an instructive signal with an extensive time window over tens of seconds during BTSP.
Quasi-periodic X-ray eruptions years after a nearby tidal disruption event
Authors: Nicholl M. , Pasham D. R. , Mummery A. , Guolo M. , Gendreau K. , Dewangan G. C. , Ferrara E. C. , Remillard R. , Bonnerot C. , Chakraborty J. , Hajela A. , Dhillon V. S. , Gillan A. F. , Greenwood J. , Huber M. E. , Janiuk A. , Salvesen G. , van Velzen S. , Aamer A. , Alexander K. D. , Angus C. R. , Arzoumanian Z. , Auchettl K. , Berger E. , de Boer T. , Cendes Y. , Chambers K. C. , Chen T.-W. , Chornock R. , Fulton M. D. , Gao H. , Gillanders J. H. , Gomez S. , Gompertz B. P. , Fabian A. C. , Herman J. , Ingram A. , Kara E. , Laskar T. , Lawrence A. , Lin C.-C. , Lowe T. B. , Magnier E. A. , Margutti R. , McGee S. L. , Minguez P. , Moore T. , Nathan E. , Oates S. R. , Patra K. C. , Ramsden P. , Ravi V. , Ridley E. J. , Sheng X. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Srivastav S. , Stein R. , Stevance H. F. , Turner S. G. D. , Wainscoat R. J. , Weston J. , Wevers T. , Young D. R.
Published: October 2024

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are luminous bursts of soft X-rays from the nuclei of galaxies, repeating on timescales of hours to weeks1–5. The mechanism behind these rare systems is uncertain, but most theories involve accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) undergoing instabilities6–8 or interacting with a stellar object in a close orbit9–11. It has been suggested that this disk could be created when the SMBH disrupts a passing star8,11, implying that many QPEs should be preceded by observable tidal disruption events (TDEs). Two known QPE sources show long-term decays in quiescent luminosity consistent with TDEs4,12 and two observed TDEs have exhibited X-ray flares consistent with individual eruptions13,14. TDEs and QPEs also occur preferentially in similar galaxies15. However, no confirmed repeating QPEs have been associated with a spectroscopically confirmed TDE or an optical TDE observed at peak brightness. Here we report the detection of nine X-ray QPEs with a mean recurrence time of approximately 48 h from AT2019qiz, a nearby and extensively studied optically selected TDE16. We detect and model the X-ray, ultraviolet (UV) and optical emission from the accretion disk and show that an orbiting body colliding with this disk provides a plausible explanation for the QPEs.
Temporally distinct 3D multi-omic dynamics in the developing human brain
Authors: Heffel Matthew G. , Zhou Jingtian , Zhang Yi , Lee Dong-Sung , Hou Kangcheng , Pastor-Alonso Oier , Abuhanna Kevin D. , Galasso Joseph , Kern Colin , Tai Chu-Yi , Garcia-Padilla Carlos , Nafisi Mahsa , Zhou Yi , Schmitt Anthony D. , Li Terence , Haeussler Maximilian , Wick Brittney , Zhang Martin Jinye , Xie Fangming , Ziffra Ryan S. , Mukamel Eran A. , Eskin Eleazar , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Dixon Jesse R. , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Ecker Joseph R. , Zhu Quan , Bintu Bogdan , Paredes Mercedes F. , Luo Chongyuan
Published: October 2024

The human hippocampus and prefrontal cortex play critical roles in learning and cognition1,2, yet the dynamic molecular characteristics of their development remain enigmatic. Here we investigated the epigenomic and three-dimensional chromatin conformational reorganization during the development of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, using more than 53,000 joint single-nucleus profiles of chromatin conformation and DNA methylation generated by single-nucleus methyl-3C sequencing (snm3C-seq3)3. The remodelling of DNA methylation is temporally separated from chromatin conformation dynamics. Using single-cell profiling and multimodal single-molecule imaging approaches, we have found that short-range chromatin interactions are enriched in neurons, whereas long-range interactions are enriched in glial cells and non-brain tissues. We reconstructed the regulatory programs of cell-type development and differentiation, finding putatively causal common variants for schizophrenia strongly overlapping with chromatin loop-connected, cell-type-specific regulatory regions. Our data provide multimodal resources for studying gene regulatory dynamics in brain development and demonstrate that single-cell three-dimensional multi-omics is a powerful approach for dissecting neuropsychiatric risk loci.
One-shot entorhinal maps enable flexible navigation in novel environments
Authors: Wen John H. , Sorscher Ben , Aery Jones Emily A. , Ganguli Surya , Giocomo Lisa M.
Published: October 2024

Animals must navigate changing environments to find food, shelter or mates. In mammals, grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex construct a neural spatial map of the external environment1–5. However, how grid cell firing patterns rapidly adapt to novel or changing environmental features on a timescale relevant to behaviour remains unknown. Here, by recording over 15,000 grid cells in mice navigating virtual environments, we tracked the real-time state of the grid cell network. This allowed us to observe and predict how altering environmental features influenced grid cell firing patterns on a nearly instantaneous timescale. We found evidence that visual landmarks provide inputs to fixed points in the grid cell network. This resulted in stable grid cell firing patterns in novel and altered environments after a single exposure. Fixed visual landmark inputs also influenced the grid cell network such that altering landmarks induced distortions in grid cell firing patterns. Such distortions could be predicted by a computational model with a fixed landmark to grid cell network architecture. Finally, a medial entorhinal cortex-dependent task revealed that although grid cell firing patterns are distorted by landmark changes, behaviour can adapt via a downstream region implementing behavioural timescale synaptic plasticity6. Overall, our findings reveal how the navigational system of the brain constructs spatial maps that balance rapidity and accuracy. Fixed connections between landmarks and grid cells enable the brain to quickly generate stable spatial maps, essential for navigation in novel or changing environments. Conversely, plasticity in regions downstream from grid cells allows the spatial maps of the brain to more accurately mirror the external spatial environment. More generally, these findings raise the possibility of a broader neural principle: by allocating fixed and plastic connectivity across different networks, the brain can solve problems requiring both rapidity and representational accuracy.
Distinct copy number signatures between residual benign and transformed areas of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Scarini João Figueira , Sabino Wellington Lima , de Lima-Souza Reydson Alcides , Egal Erika Said Abu , Tincani Alfio José , Gondak Rogério , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Altemani Albina , Mariano Fernanda Viviane
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms involved with the pathogenesis of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) seem to be associated with the accumulation of molecular alterations in the pleomorphic adenoma (PA). In this sense, using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) a rare series of 27 cases of CXPA and 14 residual PA (rPA) adjacent to the transformation area, we investigated the profile of the copy number alterations (CNAs) comparing benign residual and transformed areas. The main findings were correlated with the histopathological classification by histologic subtype and degree of invasion. The distribution of losses (p = 0.187) and amplifications (p = 0.172) was not statistically different between rPA and CXPA. The number of gains was increased in the transformed areas compared to the benign residual areas (p = 0.005). PLAG1 gain was maintained along the malignant transformation, as it was observed in both residual PA and CXPA samples, likely being an earlier event during transformation. The amplification of GRB7 and ERBB2 may also be an initial step in the malignant transformation of PA to CXPA (salivary duct carcinoma subtype). Furthermore, the amplification of HMGA2 and RPSAP52 were the most prevalent alterations among the studied samples. It was noteworthy that amplified genes in the transformed areas of the tumors were enriched for biological processes related to immune signaling. In conclusion, our results underscored for the first-time crucial CNAs in CXPA, some of them shared with the residual benign area adjacent to the transformation site. These CNAs included PLAG1 gain, as well as amplification of GRB7, ERBB2, HMGA2, and RPSAP52.
Aging affects regrowth of stealthperitoneal dissemination of advanced ovarian cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fujimoto Hiroki , Yoshihara Masato , Ricciardelli Carmela , Tano Sho , Iyoshi Shohei , Miyamoto Emiri , Mogi Kazumasa , Hayashi Maia , Hayakawa Sae , Nomura Satoshi , Kitami Kazuhisa , Uno Kaname , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Emoto Ryo , Matsui Shigeyuki , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: October 2024

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. Although age at diagnosis is considered an independent prognostic factor, its impact on peritoneal recurrence after combined cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of aging on peritoneal recurrence from stealth dissemination and gain insight of the pathophysiology of OvCa in elderly patients. A total of 243 patients with pT2b-pT3 epithelial ovarian who achieved complete surgery, no-residual tumor at first surgery, were selected to be analyzed the risk of peritoneal seeding and recurrence. We found that age over 65 years was independently associated with an increased risk of peritoneum-specific (PS) recurrence (. Furthermore, pT3 stages and positive ascites cytology also worsen the PS-relapse-free survival. Collectively, our findings suggest that age, especially over 65 years, predicts reduced peritoneum-specific tumor recurrence in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after complete cytoreduction surgery, particularly those with pT3 tumors and positive ascites cytology.
Music therapy with adult burn patients in the intensive care unit: short-term analysis of electrophysiological signals during music-assisted relaxation
Authors: Cordoba-Silva Jose , Maya Rafael , Valderrama Mario , Giraldo Luis Felipe , Betancourt-Zapata William , Salgado-Vasco Andrés , Marín-Sánchez Juliana , Gómez-Ortega Viviana , Ettenberger Mark
Published: October 2024

Burn patients often face elevated pain, anxiety, and depression levels. Music therapy adds to integrative care in burn patients, but research including electrophysiological measures is limited. This study reports electrophysiological signals analysis during Music-Assisted Relaxation (MAR) with burn patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study is a sub-analysis of an ongoing trial of music therapy with burn patients in the ICU. Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyogram (EMG) were recorded during MAR with nine burn patients. Additionally, background pain levels (VAS) and anxiety and depression levels (HADS) were assessed. EEG oscillation power showed statistically significant changes in the delta (p < 0.05), theta (p = 0.01), beta (p < 0.05), and alpha (p = 0.05) bands during music therapy. Heart rate variability tachograms high-frequencies increased (p = 0.014), and low-frequencies decreased (p = 0.046). Facial EMG mean frequency decreased (p = 0.01). VAS and HADS scores decreased − 0.76 (p = 0.4) and − 3.375 points (p = 0.37) respectively. Our results indicate parasympathetic system activity, attention shifts, reduced muscle tone, and a relaxed state of mind during MAR. This hints at potential mechanisms of music therapy but needs to be confirmed in larger studies. Electrophysiological changes during music therapy highlight its clinical relevance as a complementary treatment for ICU burn patients.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04571255). Registered September 24th, 2020. https//classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04571255.
Upper airway resistance during use of a laryngeal mask airway is flow-dependent and dominated by the laryngeal resistance
Authors: Hell Johannes , Schmutz Axel , Schumann Stefan
Published: October 2024

During use of a laryngeal mask airway, resistance of the device and larynx contribute to the upper airway resistance. Detailed understanding of this combined resistance is crucial to support spontaneously breathing patients appropriately or to take the right measures during respiratory problems. However, their resistive behavior and which of these components determine the upper airway resistance predominantly, has not been characterized systematically. Pressure-flow-relationships of different sizes of a laryngeal mask airway, of a laryngeal model with vocal cord angles between 10° and 60° and of the combination of a laryngeal mask airway size 4 and the laryngeal model were measured. Results were fitted to the expanded Rohrer’s equation and resistances were calculated. The laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal model showed a nonlinear flow-dependent resistive behavior. Decreasing size of the laryngeal mask airway, decreasing vocal cord angles, and increasing flow rates resulted in increased resistances (all p < 0.001). Resistance of the laryngeal mask and the laryngeal model added up to the combined resistance in a summative way, where the vocal cord angle determines 59–98% of the combined resistance in adults. The upper airway resistance during the use of a laryngeal mask airway is a summative resistance with a flow-dependent, nonlinear behavior. Upper airway resistance in adults is primarily determined by the vocal cord angle during use of a laryngeal mask.
Reverse engineering in medical application: literature review, proof of concept and future perspectives
Authors: Wakjira Yosef , Kurukkal Navaneethan S. , Lemu Hirpa G.
Published: October 2024

Reverse engineering, a process of extracting information or knowledge from existing objects or systems, has gained significant attention in various fields, including medicine. This article presents a comprehensive literature review and a proof of concept on the application of reverse engineering in the medical field. The review particularly focuses on the reverse engineering process, available technologies, and their specific relevance to the medical domain. Various imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are discussed in respect of their integration with reverse engineering methodologies. Furthermore, the article explores the wide range of medical applications facilitated by reverse engineering, including prosthetics, implants, tissue engineering, and surgical planning. The potential of reverse engineering to enhance personalized medicine and patient-specific treatments is highlighted. A detailed proof of concept focusing on femur reconstruction is a significant component of the article. The proof of concept showcases the practical implementation of reverse engineering techniques to assist in designing and manufacturing precise custom-made implants and bone reconstruction. It emphasizes the integration of patient-specific anatomical data obtained through imaging technologies and the subsequent utilization of reverse engineering processes for anatomical reconstruction (solid modeling). Overall, this article provides an extensive overview of reverse engineering in medical applications, incorporating a literature review and a case study. The findings highlight reverse engineering’s potential to advance medical practices, improve patient outcomes, and foster personalized treatments. The review emphasizes the reverse engineering process, available technologies, and their specific relevance to the medical field, as well as their potential and effectiveness in advancing medical practices.
Deep hematologic response to RD treatment in patients with multiple myeloma is associated with overexpression of IL-17R in CD138+ plasma cells
Authors: Kulig Piotr , Łuczkowska Karolina , Machaliński Bogusław , Baumert Bartłomiej
Published: October 2024

Lenalidomide (LEN) is widely used immunomodulatory drug (IMiD). Nonetheless, despite its efficacy, over time patients become resistant to LEN and relapse. Due to high clinical relevance, drug resistance in MM is being thoroughly investigated. However, less is known about predictors of good response to LEN-based treatment. The aim of this study was to identify molecular pathways associated with good and long response to LEN. The study included newly diagnosed MM patients (NDMM) and MM patients treated with first-line LEN and dexamethasone (RD) who achieved and least very good partial remission (VGPR). RNA was isolated from MM cells and new-generation sequencing was performed. Obtained results were validated with qRT-PCR. A global increase in gene expression was found in the RD group compared to NDMM, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, upregulation of genes controlling the interaction within MM niche was detected. Next, genes controlling immune response were upregulated. In particular, the gene encoding the IL-17 receptor was overexpressed in the RD group which is a novel finding. This should be emphasized because IL-17-related signaling can potentially be targeted, providing the rationale for future research. Establishing the molecular background associated with long-lasting and profound response to LEN may improve LEN-based chemotherapy regimens and facilitate the development of adjuvant therapies to enhance its anti-MM activity.
Quantitative phase imaging verification in large field-of-view lensless holographic microscopy via two-photon 3D printing
Authors: Wdowiak Emilia , Rogalski Mikołaj , Arcab Piotr , Zdańkowski Piotr , Józwik Michał , Trusiak Maciej
Published: October 2024

Large field-of-view (FOV) microscopic imaging (over 100 mm2) with high lateral resolution (1–2 μm) plays a pivotal role in biomedicine and biophotonics, especially within the label-free regime. Lensless digital holographic microscopy (LDHM) is promising in this context but ensuring accurate quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in large FOV LDHM is challenging. While phantoms, 3D printed by two-photon polymerization (TPP), have facilitated testing small FOV lens-based QPI systems, an equivalent evaluation for lensless techniques remains elusive, compounded by issues such as twin-image and beam distortions, particularly towards the detector’s edges. Here, we propose an application of TPP over large area to examine phase consistency in LDHM. Our research involves fabricating widefield phase test targets with galvo and piezo scanning, scrutinizing them under single-shot twin-image corrupted conditions and multi-frame iterative twin-image minimization scenarios. By measuring the structures near the detector’s edges, we verified LDHM phase imaging errors across the entire FOV, with less than 12% phase value difference between areas. Our findings indicate that TPP, followed by LDHM and Linnik interferometry cross-verification, requires new design considerations for precise large-area photonic manufacturing. This research paves the way for quantitative benchmarking of large FOV lensless phase imaging, enhancing understanding and further development of LDHM technique.
High-precision and lightweight small-target detection algorithm for low-cost edge intelligence
Authors: Xiao Linsong , Li Wenzao , Yao Sai , Liu Hantao , Ren Dehao
Published: October 2024

The proliferation of edge devices driven by advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) technology has intensified the challenge of achieving high-precision small target detection, as it demands extensive computational resources. This amplifies the conflict between the need for precise detection and the requirement for cost-efficiency across numerous edge devices. To solve this problem, this paper introduces an enhanced target detection algorithm, MSGD-YOLO, built upon YOLOv8. The Faster Implementation of CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions (C2f) module is enhanced through the integration of the Ghost module and dynamic convolution, resulting in a more lightweight architecture while enhancing feature generation. Additionally, Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Enhanced Local Attention Network (SPPELAN) replaces Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast (SPPF) to expand the receptive field, optimizing multi-level feature aggregation for improved performance. Furthermore, a novel Multi-Scale Ghost Convolution (MSGConv) and Multi-Scale Generalized Feature Pyramid Network (MSGPFN) are introduced to enhance feature fusion and integrate multi-scale information. Finally, four optimized dynamic convolutional detection heads are employed to capture target features more accurately and improve small target detection precision. Evaluation on the VisDrone2019 dataset shows that compared with YOLOv8-n, MSGD-YOLO improves mAP@50 and mAP@50–95 by 14.1% and 11.2%, respectively. In addition, the model not only achieves a 16.1% reduction in parameters but also attains a processing speed of 24.6 Frames Per Second (FPS) on embedded devices, thereby fulfilling real-time detection requirements.
Glial cells undergo rapid changes following acute chemogenetic manipulation of cortical layer 5 projection neurons
Authors: Vadisiute Auguste , Meijer Elise , Therpurakal Rajeevan Narayanan , Mueller Marissa , Szabó Florina , Messore Fernando , Jursenas Alfonsas , Bredemeyer Oliver , Krone Lukas B. , Mann Ed , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav , Hoerder-Suabedissen Anna , Molnár Zoltán
Published: October 2024

Bidirectional communication between neurons and glial cells is crucial to establishing and maintaining normal brain function. Some of these interactions are activity-dependent, yet it remains largely unexplored how acute changes in neuronal activity affect glial-to-neuron and neuron-to-glial dynamics. Here, we use excitatory and inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) to study the effects of acute chemogenetic manipulations of a subpopulation of layer 5 cortical projection and dentate gyrus neurons in adult (Rbp4Cre) mouse brains. We show that acute chemogenetic neuronal activation reduces synaptic density, and increases microglia and astrocyte reactivity, but does not affect parvalbumin (PV+) neurons, only perineuronal nets (PNN). Conversely, acute silencing increases synaptic density and decreases glial reactivity. We show fast glial response upon clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) administration in cortical and subcortical regions. Together, our work provides evidence of fast, activity-dependent, bidirectional interactions between neurons and glial cells.
Nano-rods in Ni-rich layered cathodes for practical batteries
Authors: Park Geon-Tae , Park Nam-Yung , Ryu Hoon-Hee , Sun H. Hohyun , Hwang Jang-Yeon , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: October 2024

The nano-rod structure is a promising approach for developing high performance cathode materials. This review discusses nano-rod cathodes' origin, physicochemical, and electrochemical properties and their application in next-generation batteries.
A novel porous interbody fusion cage modified by microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment technology accelerate osseointegration and spinal fusion in sheep
Authors: Sun Jiang , Liu Shan-Shan , Zou Da , Ni Ren-Hua , Wei Chong-Bin , Wang Hao , Li Wei-Shi
Published: October 2024

A bioactive CaP coating with micro/nano multilevel morphology for 3D printed Ti6Al4V cage significantly reduced the incidence of fusion failure during the early postoperative. A sheep ACDF model has high reference value for clinical practice.
An all-in-one enzyme-free fluorescent aptasensor integrating localized catalyzed hairpin assembly for sensing antibiotics in food with improved detection efficiency
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Wu Min , Liu Min , Wu Yushu
Published: October 2024

An all-in-one enzyme-free fluorescent aptasensor integrating localized catalyzed hairpin assembly (L-CHA) for detection of kanamycin (a model antibiotic) in food with improved detection efficiency was synthesized.
Stimulative piezoelectric nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced small extracellular vesicle production in 3D cultures
Authors: Johnston James , Jeon Hyunsu , Choi Yun Young , Kim Gaeun , Shi Tiger , Khong Courtney , Chang Hsueh-Chia , Myung Nosang Vincent , Wang Yichun
Published: October 2024

An acoustically activated piezoelectric nanofiber scaffold enhances extracellular vesicle production in cells, resulting in a 7-fold increase in production rate from 3T3 cells and a 15-fold increase in HepG2 cells.
Development of ZmT-PEG hydrogels through Michael addition reaction and protein self-assembly for 3D cell culture
Authors: Fu Yunhui , Zhou Yiwen , Chen Yiying , Zhang Zhedan , Zhang Chen , Deng Changping , Tong Xikui , Zheng Wenyun , Wang Meiyan , Ma Xingyuan
Published: October 2024

Schematic diagram of ZmT-PEG hydrogel preparation. ZC indicates Zm with Cysteine at the C-terminal, while ZR indicates ZC with a RGD sequence in the CD loop. Purple: Zm protein. Blue: 4 arm PEG-MAL. Green: Tm protein.
Isolation and characterization of a blue coloured three coordinate Cu(i)-radical complex with an S3 donor set
Authors: Das Sujit , Suthar Sonam , Francis Maria , Ghosh Saurav , Mondal Sangita , Kumar Sunil , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: October 2024

A three coordinate Cu(i)-radical complex with an S3-donor set has been isolated and structurally characterized. This complex is closely related to Cu(i) transport via formation of three Cu–S bonds with copper uptake proteins (CTR1).
Photoredox catalyzed reductive trifluoromethylation of imines via a radical umpolung strategy
Authors: Paul Hrishikesh , Das Dibyangshu , Ariyan S. K. , Pradhan Suman , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: October 2024

A photocatalyzed radical-umpolung strategy is developed to synthesize trifluoromethylated α-unnatural amino acids and amines. This method involves the migration of an N-centred radical through an aromatic framework to construct C–CF3 bond.
In situ biomass-confined construction of an atomical Fe/NC catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ye Mingfu , Li Yang , Wang Jieyue , Zhan Linxiao , Wang Mingyue , Li Chunsheng , Wang Wenhai , Fan Guohong , Chen Chang , Wu Konglin
Published: October 2024

Atomically dispersed Fe/NC was fabricated by an in situ biomass-confined strategy, which demonstrates brilliant activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction.
Prediction of mechanical and flame-retardant properties of MOF-loaded polymer composites
Authors: Xiao Junchen , Haranczyk Maciej , Wang De-Yi
Published: October 2024

Using retrieved data of MOF-added polymer composites, machine learning models demonstrate the significant descriptors influencing the final properties from DMA and CCT.
Body temperature protein X-ray crystallography at 37 °C: a rhenium protein complex seeking a physiological condition structure
Authors: Jacobs Francois J. F. , Helliwell John R. , Brink Alice
Published: October 2024

The retention of the covalent binding of an organometalllic rhenium complex to a protein at physiological body temperature (37 °C) is described and compared to the related 100 K crystal structure.
1,3-Bishomocubane: a kinetic rock, a thermodynamic powerhouse and a compelling chiral synthetic scaffold
Authors: Tejashree Gangavara L. , Dave Amrish , Kumbhakarna Neeraj , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: October 2024

Over the last several decades, saturated polycyclic cage compounds have remained a point of interest for organic chemists because of their unique characteristics and reactivity.
Copper-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of propargyl gem-dichlorides
Authors: Liu Bosheng , Dong Jinxu , Zhu Qi , Zhang Jundong , Huang Jian , Liu Shiwen , Zeng Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

We developed a method for the copper-catalyzed coupling of propargyl gem-dichlorides with (DMPU)2Zn(Rf)2 to assemble chloro-substituted fluoroalkylated allenes. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance.
Diastereoselective dearomative cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes with pyridinium ylides: a modular approach to multisubstituted azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Dhake Kushal , Woelk Kyla J. , Krueckl Liam D. N. , Alberts Faith , Mutter James , Pohl Matthew O. , Thomas Gilian T. , Sharma Muskan , Bjornerud-Brown Jaelyn , Fernández Nahiane Pipaón , Schley Nathan D. , Leitch David C.
Published: October 2024

Structurally-dense and stereochemically-defined tricyclic heterocycles are easily accessed by (3+3) cycloaddition, leading to versatile Csp3-rich scaffolds.
Cobalt substitution slows forsterite carbonation in low-water supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Loring John S. , Webb Tenley E. , Bowden Mark E. , Engelhard Mark H. , Kerisit Sebastien N.
Published: October 2024

Cobalt-doped forsterite carbonates to cobalt-rich magnesite in thin water films, but its carbonation rate is slower than that of pure forsterite.
Theoretical investigation of Cu5/silicates deposited on rutile TiO2 as a photocatalyst
Authors: Alhawiti Fatimah , Wu Qingqing , Buceta David , Hou Songjun , López-Quintela M. Arturo , Lambert Colin
Published: October 2024

The presence of silicate ions, an inevitable consequence of the current metal cluster purification process, does not hamper the photo absorption ability of the Cu5-modified TiO2 support but might even enhance it.
Physical mechanisms of the Sec machinery operation
Authors: Sobakinskaya Ekaterina , Müh Frank
Published: October 2024

The Sec complex, composed of a motor protein SecA and a channel SecYEG, is an ATP-driven molecular machine for the transport of proteins across the plasma membrane in bacteria.
Light/X-ray/ultrasound activated delayed photon emission of organic molecular probes for optical imaging: mechanisms, design strategies, and biomedical applications
Authors: Qu Rui , Jiang Xiqun , Zhen Xu
Published: October 2024

Versatile energy inputs, including light, X-ray and ultrasound, activate organic molecular probes to undergo different delay mechanisms, including charge separation, triplet exciton stabilization and chemical trap, for delayed photon emission.
Unlocking the potential: machine learning applications in electrocatalyst design for electrochemical hydrogen energy transformation
Authors: Ding Rui , Chen Junhong , Chen Yuxin , Liu Jianguo , Bando Yoshio , Wang Xuebin
Published: October 2024

This review explores machine learning's impact on designing electrocatalysts for hydrogen energy, detailing how it transcends traditional methods by utilizing experimental and computational data to enhance electrocatalyst efficiency and discovery.
Graphdiyne (CnH2n−2) based copper(i) bromide dual S-scheme heterojunction with AX2O8 type compounds induced electron directional migration
Authors: Zhao Xinwan , Lei Minjun , Liu Guangbo , Jin Zhiliang , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: October 2024

A fundamental strategy for enhancing the performance of photocatalytic water-splitting catalysts is to facilitate the efficient migration of photogenerated charge carriers to establish a heterojunction.
Acrylamides from 1,2-dichloroethane via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation
Authors: Xu Ren-Rui , Kuai Chang-Sheng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: October 2024

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of acrylamides via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation, using 1,2-dichloroethane and amines as starting materials has been developed.
Post-deposition in situ passivation of AgBiS2 nanocrystal inks for high-efficiency ultra-thin solar cells
Authors: Oh Jae Taek , Wang Yongjie , Rodà Carmelita , Mandal Debranjan , Kumar Gaurav , Whitworth Guy Luke , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: October 2024

A post-deposition in situ passivation strategy using a multi-functional molecular agent is reported with enhanced colloidal dispersibility of an environmentally-friendly AgBiS2 nanocrystal ink, achieving a PCE over 10% in a solar cell.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced chronic pancreatitis risk: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Geng Jiawei , Huang Hanyi , Dan Lintao , Wu Zhipeng , Ruan Xixian , Zhang Yao , Chen Jie , Sun Jing , Zou Duowu
Published: October 2024

The role of diet on the risk of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is understudied.
Dynamic changes in the gel properties, microbial community, and volatile flavor profile of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) sausages inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CY1-2
Authors: Lv Xinran , Wu Wenyu , Liu Shuilin , Ding Lili , Ren Anqi , An Le , Bai Fengling , Li Jianrong , Li Xuepeng , Yi Shumin
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the dynamic changes in the gel properties, microbial diversity, and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of Spanish mackerel sausages inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CY1-2 during fermentation.
Distributed and multimodal strain sensing performance of flexible hydrogel functional optical fibers
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Gong Kai , Sun Jianhui , Jiang Zishi , Li Yiqian , Li Peng
Published: October 2024

Flexible fiber enables large-scale, multi-mode, and distributed strain sensing and provides a versatile solution for wearable and implantable strain sensors.
Improving the thermal- and photo-stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite films by adding graphene oxide for low threshold amplified spontaneous emission
Authors: Azeem Ayesha , Wang Xinyang , Lu Guochao , Zhu Meiyi , Dai Xingliang , Li Jing , Ye Zhizhen , Pan Jun , He Haiping
Published: October 2024

One-step spin-coating produces smooth, well-crystallized CsPbBr3 and mixed CsPbBr3:GO films with pure green emission and reduced ASE thresholds with excellent spectral stability, suggesting their potential for cost-effective green lasing in optoelectronic applications.
G-quadruplex-regulated exonuclease cooperative hydrolysis signal transduction strategy for processing molecular temporal information
Authors: Zhou Fuxing , Liu Xin , Xu Shujuan , Cui Shuang , Zhang Xiaokang , Man Huizi , Wang Bin
Published: October 2024

Based on the enzyme-resistant properties of G-quadruplexes, combined with Exo III and Exo λ, a G-quadruplex-regulated exonuclease cooperative hydrolysis signal transduction strategy is proposed and applied to processing molecular temporal information.
Bio-photo-Fenton-like RAFT polymerization under blue light
Authors: Grace James L. , Qiao Greg G.
Published: October 2024

An oxygen-tolerant bio-photo-Fenton RAFT polymerization method that possesses good livingness and temporal control.
An l-isosorbide-based reactive chiral dopant with high helical twisting power for cholesteric liquid crystal polymers reflecting left-handed circularly polarized light
Authors: Dinc Ramazan Umut , Lub Johan , Kragt Augustinus J. J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: October 2024

We report an l-isosorbide-based reactive chiral dopant with high helical twisting power for cholesteric liquid crystal polymers reflecting left-handed circularly polarized light.
Development and optimization of a sustainable polyoxometalate-kaolinite-based catalyst for efficient desulfurization of model and real fuel using Box–Behnken design
Authors: Khalid Hamna , Umar Arsheen , Nazir Muhammad Shahid , Farid Muhammad Asim , Ali Zulfiqar , Mahmood Asif , Al-Masry Waheed , Park Chan Ho , Akhter Toheed , Hassan Sadaf Ul
Published: October 2024

The oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene in model and real fuel by developing an environmentally sustainable catalyst H4SiW12O40@f-kaolinite.
Automated electrosynthesis reaction mining with multimodal large language models (MLLMs)
Authors: Leong Shi Xuan , Pablo-García Sergio , Zhang Zijian , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: October 2024

Leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to process multimodal data inputs and complex inter-modality data dependencies for automated (electro)chemical data mining from scientific literature.
Fusion of capsules to produce liquid-filled monoliths for carbon capture
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Min , Al-Mahbobi Luma , Dasari Smita S. , Avais Mohd , Cao Huaixuan , Wei Peiran , Wang Yifei , Green Micah J. , Pentzer Emily B.
Published: October 2024

Solid–liquid composites (SLCs) combine the properties of solids and liquids, enhancing functionalities and expanding potential applications.
Polymeric ionic conductor networks enable stable cycling of high-voltage lithium metal batteries using solid-state poly-ether electrolytes
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Meng Tao , Wang Zhangci , Hu Xianluo
Published: October 2024

Polymeric ionic conductor networks are designed and fabricated to effectively prevent the oxidative decomposition of the poly(1,3-dioxolane) electrolyte on the LiCoO2 cathode surface, thereby enabling stable cycling of solid-state LiCoO2‖Li cells.
Sr-dopant microstructure engineering enables strong pseudocapacitive effects of TiNb2O7 anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Fang Wei , Geng Shenglu , Shi Anran , Zang Long , Liu Hailu , Dong Enjie , Wu Guolong , Zhao Hongyu , Zhang Lingling , Yin Geping , Lou Shuaifeng
Published: October 2024

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a potential high-power type of anode owing to its extremely fast charging speed; however, its actual application is limited by the inherent low electron/ion conductivity of TNO.
An advanced passive radiative cooling emitter with ultrahigh sub-ambient cooling performance
Authors: Huang Jiawei , Chen Weifeng , Kuang Qiyan , Xiao Ting , Jiang Lihua , Tan Xinyu , Lei Yizhu
Published: October 2024

This study develops a state-of-the-art passive radiative cooling emitter with 95.5% reflectance and 97.9% emissivity, achieving an average temperature reduction of 20.1 °C and a cooling power of 121.0 W m−2 under intense sunlight.
Unsaturated coordination modulation and enlarged pore size in nanoflower-like metal organic frameworks for enhanced lithium–oxygen battery performance
Authors: Zhao Lingwen , Feng Juanjuan , Abbas Adeel , Sun Hao , Wang Chunlei , Wang Hongchao
Published: October 2024

Unsaturated coordination modulation alters the discharge path and increased pore size accelerates ion exchange and oxygen transport, synergistically improving the electrochemical performance of LOBs.
Collagen nanobubbles as efficient carriers for targeted controlled release of ibrutinib
Authors: Pişkin Sena , Sevim Akan Handan , Armutcu Canan , Uzun Lokman
Published: October 2024

Nanobubbles are designed to increase structural stability and enhance the distribution of the transported drug to the targeted site.
Synthesis of submillimeter-scale laterally-grown germanium monosulfide thin films and their electro-optic applications
Authors: Zhang Qinqiang , Matsumura Ryo , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Fukata Naoki
Published: October 2024

Submillimeter-scale laterally-grown germanium monosulfide thin films and gate voltage-dependent hysteresis response of fabricated GeS field-effect transistor arrays.
Ferroelectric–ferromagnetic multiferroicity driven by 3d-electrons in a TiCrO4 monolayer
Authors: Wang Haojin , Liu Haitao , Li Yuanchang
Published: October 2024

Ferroelectric–ferromagnetic multiferroicity driven by 3d-electrons in TiCrO4 monolayer documents the feasibility of the design strategy by doping magnetic elements in the ferroelectrics, as in the case of dilute magnetic semiconductors.
Pre‐trained SAM as data augmentation for image segmentation
Authors: Wu Junjun , Rao Yunbo , Zeng Shaoning , Zhang Bob
Published: October 2024

Data augmentation plays an important role in training deep neural model by expanding the size and diversity of the dataset. Initially, data augmentation mainly involved some simple transformations of images. Later, in order to increase the diversity and complexity of data, more advanced methods appeared and evolved to sophisticated generative models. However, these methods required a mass of computation of training or searching. In this paper, a novel training‐free method that utilises the Pre‐Trained Segment Anything Model (SAM) model as a data augmentation tool (PTSAM‐DA) is proposed to generate the augmented annotations for images. Without the need for training, it obtains prompt boxes from the original annotations and then feeds the boxes to the pre‐trained SAM to generate diverse and improved annotations. In this way, annotations are augmented more ingenious than simple manipulations without incurring huge computation for training a data augmentation model. Multiple comparative experiments on three datasets are conducted, including an in‐house dataset, ADE20K and COCO2017. On this in‐house dataset, namely Agricultural Plot Segmentation Dataset, maximum improvements of 3.77% and 8.92% are gained in two mainstream metrics, mIoU and mAcc, respectively. Consequently, large vision models like SAM are proven to be promising not only in image segmentation but also in data augmentation.
Low‐light image enhancement via lightweight custom non‐linear transform network
Authors: Li Yang
Published: October 2024

Convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based models have shown significant progress in low light image enhancement. However, many existing models possess a large number of parameters, making them unsuitable for deployment on terminal devices. Moreover, adjustments to brightness, contrast, and colour in images are often non‐linear, and convolution is not the best at capturing complex non‐linear relationships in image data. To address these issues, a model based on an end‐to‐end custom non‐linear transform network (CNTNet) is proposed. CNTNet combines a custom non‐linear transform layer with CNN layers to achieve image contrast and detail enhancement. The CNT layer in this model introduces transformation parameters at multiple scales to manipulate input images within various ranges. CNTNet progressively processes images by stacking multiple non‐linear transform layers and convolutional layers while integrating residual connections to capture and leverage subtle image features. The final output is generated through convolutional layers to obtain enhanced images. Experimental results of CNTNet demonstrate that, while maintaining a comparable level of image quality evaluation metrics to mainstream models, it significantly reduces the parameter count to only 2K.
Improving electric vehicle charging forecasting: A hybrid deep learning approach for probabilistic predictions
Authors: Jahromi Ali Jamali , Masoudi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Mohammad , Afrasiabi Shahabodin
Published: October 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention recently. Despite their advantages, challenges in the power grid, such as providing necessary information for optimal operation, persist. High‐precision forecasting techniques are essential to address the nonlinear and complex behavior of EV charging. A hybrid structure based on deep learning, called LSTLNet, has been proposed. LSTLNet combines convolutional neural networks (CNN), gated recurrent neural networks (GRU), attention mechanisms (AM), and automatic regression (AR) models. This combination improves the deterministic forecasting model and addresses the weaknesses of CNN and GRU. Deterministic prediction, which determines only one point of consumption charge, is prone to error. Therefore, probabilistic forecasting, represented as a probability distribution function (PDF) containing comprehensive statistical information, is preferred. A smooth band limit maximum likelihood (SBLM) estimator is used to indirectly predict the PDF from the data. Comparative results with conventional shallow and deep methods for similar time series forecasting demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method for both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting.