bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highlights on Mental Processes in Management
Authors: Modrak Vladimir , Teodorescu Mirela , Gîfu Daniela
Published: May 2015

Mental process or cognition process is a term often used for all the acts that people can do with their minds. These acts include perception, introspection, reasoning, creativity, imagination, memory, idea, belief, volition, and emotion. A mental event represents an instance involved in cognitive process. The perceiving of the event is different from each event depending of perceiving capacity of that instance. Along human existence, philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato, Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza, Kant, Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Daniel Dennett and et alli. The structure of the mental process is part of psychology and psychologists such as Sigmund Freud and William James who developed essential theories about the nature of the human mind. In the last decades of the 20th and early 21st centuries the domain of cognitive science emerged and developed many varied approaches related to the description of mind and its related phenomena. The field of artificial intelligence is the possibility of non-human minds also explored, and works closely in relation with cybernetics and information theory to understand the ways in which human mental phenomena can be replicated by non-biological machines. The mental process domain is by far vast, this study is suggesting only to highlight some of aspects, subjects of thought for human being.
The Comparison of Attribution Styles and Emotional Intelligence among the Successful and Unsuccessful Female High School Students in Ahvaz, Controlling for the Intelligence
Authors: Hasanvand Banafsheh , Rezai Nasab Afsaneh , Rezai Nasab Mahnaz
Published: May 2015

The objective of the present study was comparing attribution styles and emotional intelligence of the successful and unsuccessful female high school students in Ahvaz, controlling for the intelligence. The population of this study consisted of the successful and unsuccessful female high school students in Ahvaz. The sample of successful and unsuccessful students consisted of 50 high school students each group, who were selected randomly by multi stage sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Attribution Styles Questionnaire (ASQ) of Seligman and Sing, Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Inventory (SREII) of Schutt, Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and the grade point average of the students. Also, MANCOVA test was used for analyzing the data. The result of MANCOVA revealed that there was significant differences between in successful and unsuccessful students attribution styles (and its subscales) of the. Also, negative attribution style of the unsuccessful students was more than that of successful group, but positive attribution style of the successful group was more than that of unsuccessful students. In addition, there was significant difference between successful and unsuccessful students’ emotional intelligence (and its subscales).
E. L. Doctorow's The Waterworks: A Polyphonic Novel
Authors: Amani Omid , Ramin Zohreh
Published: May 2015

The present article sets to examine the applicability of Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of polyphony and heteroglossia to E. L. Doctorow's The Waterworks. Doctorow, by deploying postmodern historiography and blurring the line between the real and the marvelous, portrays nineteenth century New York revisionistically and likewise, depicts how the amalgamation of the monologic, authoritarian power of the imperious capitalism as Augustus Pemberton or the real historical figure William Magear Tweed with the 'excentrics' gives rise to a dialogic, polyphonic quality within the novel. Also, discussed is the centrality of the narrator, McIlvaine that boosts the dialogized ambience and stimulate the effort to decrown the 'regime of power.'
Florentin Smarandache & Ştefan Vlăduţescu: Neutrosophic Emergences and Incidences in Communication and Information - Book Review
Authors: Teodorescu Mirela , Ionescu Dan
Published: May 2015

Neutrosophic emergences and incidences in communication and information, published in Germany/Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing in 2013, is a book that constitutes a new trend, a new approach in the science of logic, philosophy, communication theory, information, an approached and exemplification that it was wanted, it was intuited, it was expected but it has no mathematical foundation, that is neutrosophy. It is a book that presents avant-garde information. It is written by two appreciated researchers and inexhaustible perpetual idea machines: Professors Florentin Smarandache and Ştefan Vlăduţescu. First of them is professor of mathematics at University of New Mexico/ USA, the second is professor of communication theory at University of Craiova/ Romania. Both of them have published a lot of books and papers in domain of philosophy, communication, sociology, psychology, mathematics and literature. Logic started in Ancient with Classical Logic of Aristotle, developed and covered by Three Valued Logic of Lukasiewicz, next ring being Fuzzy Logic of Zadech, finally the comprehensive Neutrosophic Logic of Smarandache.
Byron’s Politics in “The Giaour”: A Socio-Political Speculation
Authors: Karam Savo
Published: May 2015

Historically, Europe was fearful of the remarkably swift expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. And it was not until the middle of the 18th century that the brutal struggle between Europeans and Turks ended; but the West then still situated Turkey in an indelible, despotic frame despite the fact that some scholars instigated an interest in Oriental culture. Western literature had for centuries portrayed the East in an aggressive and bigoted manner; this hostile perception distanced the West from the Orient. A new political situation prevailed as the West began a political propaganda to dominate the weak East; that political and even literary propaganda was the main thrust for the Western colonial ambitions. Several British men of letters directly or indirectly contributed to this propaganda during the 18th and 19th centuries, but not Lord Byron, who used his Oriental tales, and specifically “The Giaour,” to broaden his political horizon in order to re-evaluate both state and global affairs and to reveal to Eastern and Western readers his impartial stance towards European and Turkish policies. In this work, I contend that Byron’s political ideology was prompted by not only an idealistic Romantic spirit but also by a realistic one, as well. And although “The Giaour” is political par excellence, yet it does not reveal any colonial, imperial schemes, contrary to what a number of critics think. Peter Cochran believes that “The Giaour” is “… a metaphor for western imperialist expansion into and forcible domination of eastern countries” (Cochran Byron and Orientalism 2), while deceitfully supporting nations desiring autonomy in the Occident. Cochran discerns in Byron’s tale the Western longing for subjugating and governing the East. This study, however, proves that Byron’s 1st Oriental tale after his return from his 1st Oriental tour is emblematic of his concern with liberalism and with admiration for the East, thus deviating from the popular imperialism that existed at the time.
Actants of Manipulative Communication
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan
Published: May 2015

The study starts from assumption that together with disinfomation, intoxication, and propaganda, the manipulation is a form of persuasion, a form of persuasive communication. The manipulation is a communicative action. By the way of meta-analytical method, we emphasize some ideas. The royal way of promoting the decisive interests is manipulation-, often accompanied by constraints and violence. The world is divided into amateur manipulators and professional manipulators. Professionals are those whose job is exactly to get something from the others. The action of manipulation is not an activity performed on inspiration, randomly and by ear. Manipulation is a structured, organised and planned persuasive intervention. As actants of manipulative communication are retained journalists, priests, businessmen, sellers, scholars, teachers, artists, writers, notabilities.
Self-Fashioning in Pope’s Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot: A Bourdieusian Reading
Authors: Zarei Ebrahim , Pirnajmuddin Hossein
Published: May 2015

The aim of the present article is to investigate Alexander Pope‘s self-fashioning in the light of Pierre Bourdieu‘s socio-cultural notion of capitals, specifically the symbolic form. Pope endeavors a lot to gain such a prominent status as the most representative poet of his age. He garners all his artistry, eloquence, savoir-faire, family and social milieu to move towards the center of the canon throughout his life. This upward movement comprises a self-fashioning by Pope which sometimes is the means to facilitate his canonization and sometimes it turns into a goal and an end in itself for him. As the highly acclaimed French philosopher, Pierre Bourdieu highlights the importance of symbolic capital in an individual‘s social status. Therefore this paper aims at shedding light on Pope‘s sophisticated act of self-fashioning and its relevance to Pierre Bourdieu‘s symbolic capital. For this reason, this article discusses Pope‘s Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, an exemplar of his self-fashioning and accumulation of symbolic capital.
Relationship of Training and Education with Employee Performance in Financial Institutions
Authors: Khan Nabila , Ahmad Naveed , Iqbal Nadeem , Haider Najeeb
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the training that has positive impact on employees’ performance and productivity. This paper is quantitative in nature. Data for the paper have been collected through primary source by questionnaires surveys. The data have been checked through statistical software to find the influence and relationship of training on performance of employees. There are two variable Training (Independent) and Employees’ performance (Dependent). Seven conventional banks limited are selected for the study. It is concluded that training has strong positive impact on employee performance whereas education is negatively correlated with performance in the financial institution of southern Punjab. The research paper suggest that professional training is essential element of human capital development which leads to higher productivity and performance.
The Standard of Axes in Ontology of Communication
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Gîfu Daniela , Nicolescu Adrian
Published: May 2015

An ontology together with a set of individual instances of classes constitutes a knowledge base. In reality, there is a fine line where the ontology ends and the knowledge base begins. For the purposes of this study an ontology is a formal explicit description of concepts in a domain of discourse (classes, Sometimes called concepts), properties of each concept describing various features and attributes of the concept (slots, sometimes called roles or properties)), and restrictions on slots (facets, sometimes called role restrictions) (Gruber, 1993; Vlăduțescu, 2013).
The Judeo-Christian Concept of ‘Sacrifice’ and Interpretation of Human Sacrifice in Uganda
Authors: Musana Paddy
Published: May 2015

There is today a marked increase of reports on human sacrifice especially in the media and police. Accounting for these actions have been difficult given the secrecy that surrounds it especially given the fact that it is considered a „ritual‟ enacted for spiritual-magical benefits. The practice of human sacrifice has antecedents in most world religions, many times serving the ritual-magical purpose of setting and maintaining relationships with what humans in the respective belief systems consider as divine (supernatural). This paper seeks to investigate and relate the meaning of „sacrifice‟ from the Judeo-Christian faith in the Ugandan context, given the place and influence of Christianity in the Ugandan community. The conclusion of the evidence provided is that the new forms of sacrifice in Uganda today do not in any way conform to the Judeo-Christian form and understanding. In essence, the phenomenon confirms the fact that in spite of the spread of Christianity in the country, most of its adherents still conform to the indigenous beliefs and practices; as it (Christianity) serves as a veneer.
Customer Lifetime Value to Managing Marketing Strategies in the Financial Services
Authors: Safari Mohammad
Published: May 2015

The more a marketing paradigm evolves, the more long-term relationship with customers gains its importance. Nowadays most of corporations and firms in the world, including manufacturers and servicers, increasingly gain their incomes and profits through constructing and maintaining long-term relationship with customers. The move towards a customer-centered approach to marketing, coupled with the increasing availability of customer transaction data, has led to an interest in understanding and estimating customer lifetime value (CLV). Furthermore as marketing endeavors to be more accountable, the need of tools and models for measuring and evaluating efforts and investments that accomplish in marketing extent, is felt. In the other hand strategic planning and management is one of the vital issues of the present organizational context. In this paper the position of CLV in the marketing strategies and strategic planning and management, are recognized. Also based on this study a new conceptual model for the position of CLV in Strategic marketing Planning will be presented. The applied and theoretical recommendations in the end of the paper will be presented.
Historical-Geographical View of Rural Village Gnjili Potok - Which Road to Renewal and Development
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

Through this work, who examines rural village Gnjili Potok points out the importance of the historical and geographical components, as well as essential guidelines to preserve the identity and authenticity of the village? Villages are still the only places where it is possible to agriculture as a life interest, but there are fewer of those who live from it. Agriculture the other activity that is linked to be village and rural area, but there is less activity that ensures the development and future of this area. Experience of the EU shows that designed rural development policy, supported financially, resulting in a successful rural economy, with employment opportunities. In Montenegro, unfortunately, until now there was no consistent and long-term rural development policy. Namely, Montenegro is a big deal to all their strategies complies with international and European principles, and planned actions and activities, with the priority ranking, to enable the realization of the vision of rural development and its competitive participation in the global and European trends.
Resilient Widowed Older Adults and their Family and Friend Relations
Authors: Kang Hyun Sook , Ahn Bonnie
Published: May 2015

This study examined the relationship of family and friends to the resiliency of older widows. Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) survey (Waite et al., 2007), which sampled persons 57-85 years of age (n = 3005), was used. It was hypothesized that older widows have greater breadth and depth of family and friend relationships than older married adults. Multiple regression analysis results revealed that older widows engaged more frequently in family and friend relations compared to older married adults, possibly enabling greater resilience to widowhood.
Determinants of Inflation in Iran Based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA)
Authors: Mehrara Mohsen , Ghazanfari Arezoo , Majdzadeh Motahareh Alsadat
Published: May 2015

Due to the important influence of inflation on macro-economic variables, researchers pay tremendous amount of attention to its determinants. Accordingly, in the following research, the impact of 13 variables on inflation during the period of 1338-1391 by using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method has been investigated for Iran economy. The ranking of the 13 explanatory variables are obtained based on the probability of their inclusion in model. The results show that the energy price and money imbalance (lagged ratio of money to nominal output) have expected and positive effect on inflation rate with a probability of 100 % and they are considered as the key explanatory variables in inflation equation. The energy price, money imbalance, money growth and market exchange rate growth have the first to fourth rank respectively. The influence of the production growth is not significant on the inflation in the short-run but it gradually influences the inflation through money imbalance channel in the long-run. In addition, most of the disinflation effects due to decrease in money supply will appear with delay. These results imply the dominance of monetary variables on inflation with cost push factors not having important impacts on prices. Also, oil revenue and imports influence the inflation through exchange rate channel, production and money velocity.
Intellectual Capital and its Impact on Financial Performance: A Study of Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Zaman Rashid
Published: May 2015

The study examines the Intellectual Capital (IC) performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan over the period of 2007 to 2011 and its impact on corporate financial returns. The study uses value added intellectual coefficient (VAICitTM) to measure IC performance and its various components of VAICitTM like (HCEit, SCEit and CEEit) and its impact on financial performance (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit). Micro panel data of oil and gas sector registered in KSE-100 index is collected from their consolidated annual reports over the period of 2007 to 2011. The IC performance is measured by Ante Pulic Model (VAICitTM) and its effect on corporate returns (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit) is tested by Random Effect Model estimation. Hausman test suggests that study accepts null hypothesis (Chi2. Prop > 0.05) where for ui is uncorrelated with regressor means that random effect is preferred versus alternative fixed effect in all the proposed research models. The study reveals that VA is considered an important component for measuring the VAICitTM performance and it has positive and significant relationship with firm’s profitability (EPSit) and HCEit and SCEit have positive and significant relationship with firm’s financial performance (ROEit and ROIit) respectively. So, this study explores that Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) has relatively larger contribution for measuring the VAICitTM performance where HCEit and SCEit execute substantive role to accelerate the financial performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan as compare to tangible assets.
Armed Rebellion and the Future of Self-Determination in the Niger Delta
Authors: Adeyemi-Suenu Adebowale
Published: May 2015

Armed rebellion has remained a constant decimal in the relation between the states and rebel groups in contemporary strategic discourse. The resolve by the Niger people of Nigeria to resort to arms and their agitations appear to have found deeper understanding within the context of history. This paper takes a historical look at the foundations of the agitations of the people of the Niger Delta and the ultimate decision to address their displeasure through the use terror or armed rebellion. It addresses the philosophy underpinning self-determination programmes of the Niger Delta militants and the responses of Nigerian state to the agitations of the Niger Delta militants. The paper therefore concludes that the use of arms as the ultimate ratio may remain the future of relationship in the Niger Delta because of the fundamental defects in the policies of the Nigerian state.
The Body Image and Illogical Thoughts and Believes Comparison of Amputation Persons with Ordinary Persons
Authors: Bolban Abad Ali Mohammadi
Published: May 2015

This study aims to determine and compare the body image satisfaction, illogical thoughts and believes of amputation persons with ordinary persons. In this study we used the scientific – comparison method. The study sample consists of all amputation people that are under the sponsored of martyr and amputee's affairs foundation and social welfare organization, and the equal or matched ordinary people with those in Qorveh. According to the limitation of persons with amputation, 25 subjects of amputation persons that was under the support of martyr and amputee's affairs foundation and social welfare organization was selected purposefully and also 25 subjects of ordinary people was chosen randomize as samples; (they) were selected as statistical sample with the cloning and homogenization method with amputation group. For measuring body image satisfaction, the 24 questions of body image satisfaction scale of Mashhad's Ferdowsi University were used (Parizade, 2012). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of test (α = 0/91) show the acceptable reliability of this scale in measuring satisfaction of body image. To assess the logical thoughts and believes; the 40 questions of logical thoughts and believes questionnaire from Jones was used that validated in Ahwaz (Abadi and Moatamedin, 2005). The final test score is 0/79 that shows the high detection strength test. For data analysis, also the Pearson's correlation coefficient, the independent t-test was used. The results of hypothesis research testing show that there is meaningful and negative relationship between body image satisfaction and illogical thoughts and believe of ordinary people with amputation persons. In other words, the increscent of body image satisfaction results are decreased their illogical believes in both groups. Also the results indicate that a meaningful difference is observed between the satisfaction of body image and illogical thoughts and believes in both groups of ordinary and amputation persons. In other words, people with amputation have a lower body image satisfaction and a higher illogical believes about themselves.
Some Anthropological Elements in Chekhov’s Theatre
Authors: Bosun Petre
Published: May 2015

The theatre, an enigmatic world in which the actors can transform for a couple of hours the reality of the spectators in an astonishing universe. Anton Chekhov, Russian dramatist is reveling his magical wings over the creation of the theatre with one of his plays, The Seagull. The time in his plays seems unbearable and it continues endlessly without novelty. One of the character from the theatre play The Seagull is Nina Zarecinaia and represents the single woman in this play that has the power to convert her life. The Chekhov’s character, Nina chose to live, love and suffer a manner to win wisdom and to find her way in life. She is more powerful that she thinks and is capable to endure her hard life without giving the possibility to come back to her old home. In this case, she is showing courage to take life as it is. Most important things about this character is that she comes back for a short period and penetrate the quiet space of the other characters, leaving behind at her leaving the appearance of death. Relying on the actions that Nina takes, we can find four elements of anthropology: empathizing, expression patterns, releasing the psychic energies and the art to detect and to avoid the unconscious traps.
A Conceptual Model to Explain Strategic Alignment in the Financial Services Based on Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Safari Mohammad
Published: May 2015

The lack of alignment of organization elements towards the organizational strategy leads to poor execution. When the different departments of the organization have different strategies that are different directions and implementations, the whole organizational purposes and visions rarely could archive. The main purpose of this research is to present a valuable approach for success organizations that we named strategic alignment. For this purpose we use the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The Balanced Scorecard is a management tool used to translate the corporate strategic mission and vision into a set of quantifiable indicators of performance. In other words, it is intended to explain what to do and how to do it. The real contribution of a Balanced Scorecard program is to link the objectives in each of four perspectives: financial, processes, customers, and growth and learning. In this study using a valid questionnaire and also with focus group method the final theoretical research model was presented. Results of this research showed that BSC is a useful tool and has high validity and reliability for strategic alignment for financial organizations. The results are applicable for both academicians and practitioners for managing strategies and related programs and tactics in the financial institutions and organizations.
A Study of the Level of Satisfaction with the Quality of Educational Services among Students of Nursing-Midwifery in Islamic Azad University of Dezful Based on the Model of European Foundation of Quality Management
Authors: Roshanaei Hagar , Omidian Faranak , Nazari Ali Akbar
Published: May 2015

This study aimed to examine level of satisfaction with the quality of educational services among students of nursing-midwifery in Islamic Azad University of Dezful based on EFQM model. Statistical population of this survey consisted of all university students who had spent at least one semester in midwifery-nursing faculty of Islamic Azad university of Dezful. 270 students were selected through random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher of current study based on customer-centered orientation of EFQM organizational excellence model. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Test. The results showed that level of satisfaction at the educational services of nursing-midwifery and the affiliated hospitals was low (p = 0.99). Based on Freidman test, level of satisfaction at the accountability of staff was the most important factor, and it had the highest priority (mean rank 2/77). On the other hand, level of satisfaction at post-educational services was the least important, and it had the lowest priority (mean rank 2/30).
Relation of Locus of Control and Creativity with Learning Styles
Authors: Hamdi Ramazan , Pourheidari Farzad , Moradi Nematulla
Published: May 2015

The current paper aimed to investigate the relation between the locus of control and creativity with learning styles among the third grade high school students in the city of Kamyaran. The universe under study in this research consisted of all third grade high school students of the city of Kamyaran. The statistical population included 300 third grade students who were chosen by the cluster sampling method. Tools for collecting data involved the Abedi's creativity questionnaire (1993), Rotter's internal and external locus of control scale (1996) and the Kolb's learning styles questionnaire (1971). To analyze the data, the independent groups t test, one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), the simple Pearson correlation and the multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) were sued. Results indicated that there was a difference between students and the internal and external locus of control in terms of various learning styles (P<0/03), and also there was a difference between the students with the various learning styles and the creativity level (P<0/01). Findings also suggested that there was a significant difference between the internal and external locus of control with the creativity and gender, and also there was not a significant difference between learning styles and gender.
The Factors Affecting Couples’ Age Difference between Two Generations of 1976 and 1986 in City of Kamyaran
Authors: Kazemipour Shahla , Peyman Qobadi
Published: May 2015

Couples’ age difference affects fertilizing, family planning, being satisfied with matrimony, divorce and being widow (or widower). The age difference respecting getting prepared biologically between males and females can itself cause couples’age difference. The main aim of the present study is the factors affecting couples’ age difference in city of Kamyaran and contrastive comparison between two generations born in years of 1976 and 1986. The population includes 58047 of married people born in years of 1976 and 1986 (in that 26057 of which belong to the generation of 1986 and 32000 belong to the generation of 1976) in city of Kamyaran who 381 of the sampling amount were estimated based on Chochran formula in that to ignore the amount of errors, the sampling size is regarded as 400 people. The sampling method was multi-cluster one and the questionnaire was used to collect the information and they were distributed among respondents after getting approved respecting both validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaires and reviewing them, a code was assigned for any of the questionnaires and answers and then the data were transferred into the SPSS software and the matrix of the variables got formed. To analyze the data suitable for their assessment at descriptive level, the descriptive statistics of Average, Standard Deviation (SD), Mean and tables were used and at the explanatory analysis level, Pearson Correlation, T-test, multivariable statistical techniques and graphs were also used. According to the gained results, the age difference for rural and urban males were 5.22 and 5.23 years, respectively and they were 4.26 and 3.13 for rural and urban females, respectively that age difference was more in rural females than their urban counterparts. The marriage ages for rural and urban boys are 25.28 and 25.36 years, respectively. The marriage ages for rural and urban girls are 22.4 and 22.94, respectively. The sociocultural factors, economic factors, the marriage age, masculinity and education have a meaningful relation with dependent variable.
Internal Migration and the Condition of Female Construction Workers: A Study in Chittagong City
Authors: Hossen Md. Akter , Uddin Khan Md. Arif , Sharmin Zakia , Jannatul Kubra Tania
Published: May 2015

Women workers are found in certain activities traditionally falling within the male domain. This is particularly the case for landless women who largely belong to the hardcore poor group. It indicates growing economic pressure and erosion of familial support and traditional beliefs and norms regarding women's outside work. With the Bangladesh economy’s heavy dependence on imports Chittagong has traditionally played a very important role in the trading sectors and industrial centre of the country and also commercial capital of Bangladesh which is going through a massive phase of construction of new structures. The study employed triangulation method as a research strategy. The objective of the study is to know the reasons of internal migrations and conditions of female construction workers of Chittagong city. A good number of rural women are involved at urban construction work in Chittagong city where they faces different harmful condition like as long working hour, less salary, lack of women rights, sexual harassment, food expenditure, low health condition, hard working etc. From this rational discussion this papers examine internal migration and the condition of migrant female construction works in Chittagong city.
The Effect of Overvalued Equity on the Relationship between Audit Quality and Earning Quality (Evidence from Iran)
Authors: Ebrahimie Seyed Kazem , Bahraminasab Ali , Khorram Fatemeh
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of overvalued equity on the relationship between audit quality and earning quality. In this article audit firm size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure were used as audit quality variable. The sample population consists of 189 companies listed in Tehran stock Exchange during the period 2008 to 2012. To test the hypotheses, OLS in Eviews has been used and investigation method of data is panel. The results show a reverse relationship between all audit quality variables and absolute discretionary accruals indicating that high audit quality causes higher earning quality. But the existence of overvalued equity cause decreasing or reversing of these relationships, in other words, when a firm is highly valued the accruals’ decreasing effect of high quality auditors is reduced.
Displacement and Deplorable Living Conditions of Slum Dwellers: With Special Reference to Sylhet City
Authors: Khan Md. Arif Uddin , Hossen Md. Akter , Sharmin Zakia , Kubra Tania Jannatul
Published: May 2015

Environmental displacement has already become extreme in geographically and environmentally vulnerable areas in Bangladesh. Thus, climate induced migration to big cities is getting spontaneous over the last few decades. Increasing numbers of slums represent a major challenge to development. Displaced people living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, high rates of malnutrition, density of population, communicable diseases, exposure to violence, health care make their life even worse. In other words it refers to informal areas suffering from problems of accessibility, narrow streets, the absence of vacant land and open spaces, very high residential densities, insufficient infrastructure and services. The study is fully based on primary data that followed stratified sampling method with triangulation research design and reviewing some related literatures from past research reports. This paper examines that exploration of living conditions of slum dwellers, it is seen that the sketch of their social life is very different, deplorable, unorganized, poor health status, using different kinds of family planning methods, lack of proper water supply and sanitation, low income group with inadequate education, leading unhealthy environment , to enhanced poverty, under nutrition of Bangladeshi’s inhabitants those are engaged in various sectors of economical activities. Their present scenario of social life is very pathetic and miserable because of having been deprived from education, employment and other basic facilities of human life and as a result they are being regarded as a reluctant Dwellers. They are far from touch of modernization, fully separated and alienated from the mainstream of society.
The Challenges to Professional Standing among Academics
Authors: McFarlane Donovan A.
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the author looks at the challenges to professional standing among academics. Using Michael Zweig’s contention that, “The challenge to professional standing among academics is not only a question of tenure” (27), the author explores this perspective by examining the state of higher educational institutions and 21st. century trends and factors that affect academic standing across universities and colleges. The author views the changes in human values and profession, global cultural transition, and the changing face of the university from an intellectual to a corporate-oriented model among the factors affecting the professional standing of academics. The transition of the university from faculty-oriented and controlled to administrator-oriented and operated, is seen as a critical factor in this regard as advocated by authors Benjamin Ginsberg and Steven Johnson. Other factors affecting professional standing are related to traits including gender and race as evident from the works of Diggs, Garrison-Wade, Estrada, and Galindo. The author examines the perspectives of several authoritative writers and sources including Ginsberg, Readings, Newman, and Johnson on the university and faculty standing. The author concludes that as colleges and universities are increasingly confronted with new challenges, professional standing among academics will continue to be challenged.
Derivative Use by Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin Golam
Published: May 2015

Derivative use by commercial banks operating in Bangladesh is hypothesized to improve their intermediary functions. The study outcome identifies the influence of derivative use on the growth of advances by commercial banks. Bank’s participation in advances increases with increase in hedging activities through futures. It has also been found that the Bangladeshi private sector commercial banks have a high exposure of risk and have externalized their risk management process. Specialized banks of Bangladesh have a low risk exposure level, but still they have moderately externalized their risk management practices. Bangladeshi public commercial banks have a large deposit base and high risk exposure but are still internalizing their risk through risk management. The policy implication of this study is that derivative use by commercial banks is likely to increase the intermediary role of banks, i.e., the increase in advances growth rate rather than investment portfolio growth rate. Commercial banks with large deposit base could gain relatively by externalizing their risk management practices since this study reveals that interest rate risk exposure of derivative users is statistically lesser than non-users.
Analyses of Verb Tense and Voice of Research Article Abstracts in Engineering Journals
Authors: Abarghooeinezhad Mahjoobeh , Simin Shahla
Published: May 2015

This paper seeks to analyze the research article abstracts among native English speakers and non-native (Iranian) speakers in the field of Electronic engineering. The analysis mainly focuses on the rhetorical structure, i.e. the constituent Moves/Sub-Moves. In addition, Verb choices and the voice and tense of the verbs in Move 2 and Move 4 respectively were examined. To this end, 25 published abstracts from each field (a total of 50 abstracts), all appearing in established, ISI journals, were selected. The model proposed by Santos (1996), composed of 5 moves along AntMover software was employed as a general guideline in order to identify Moves/SubMoves. The results compared and contrasted the dominant move patterns of each field, their unique Move/SubMoves, and the typical voice and tense of verbs employed in Move 4. It was also found that there were some variations between the abstracts written by native English speakers and nonnative speakers of English. It is hoped that with detailed analyses of abstracts, the results of this study may serve as a complement to the guidelines for novice writers to construct a proper research article abstract in electronic engineering.
Credit Constraints for Microfinance Sector in Pakistan, an Analysis of Internal and External Factors
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mohsin
Published: May 2015

Microfinance is considered to be an effective tool for poverty alleviation, employment generation, income generation and income equality. It is a financial service provided to poor people who do not have any other source of funds or have access to financial services. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the credit constraints that are facing by microfinance sector in Pakistan. The data is collected through structured questionnaires from 250 respondents who are employees of MFBs/ MFIs keeping in view three broad categories of theoretical framework including internal factors having sub variables like operational cost, HR capacity, innovation and external factors having sub variables like competition, language, awareness as independent variables and a dependent variable having sub variable that is credit constraints for microfinance sector. Regression analysis has been used to determine the impact of independent variables i.e. internal and external factors on dependent variable that is credit constraints. The study found that there is a significant impact of internal and external factors on the credit constraints facing the microfinance sector. Based on the results it is recommended that concerned authorities should give due importance to all sub variables of internal and external factors in order to minimize the issue of credit constraints facing the microfinance sector.
EVE’s UnEVEn Relationship with Adam: Milton’s Paradise Lost in the Light of Politeness Theory
Authors: Kahmini Mostafa Sadeghi , Ghasemi Parvin
Published: May 2015

Feminists, among others, have found Eve’s representation in Milton’s Paradise Lost problematic over the last centuries. Some of them consider Eve to be Adam’s inferior while others find traces of egalitarian relationship between them. This study uses Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson’s Politeness Theory and applies it to the conversations between Adam and Eve prior to the Fall in order to address this issue. It is demonstrated in this article that, before the Fall, Eve always exercises less power than Adam except for a brief moment that she achieves equality.
Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance and Market Valuation of Firms in India
Authors: Kamath G. Bharathi
Published: May 2015

The Objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of intellectual capital(IC) on the financial performance and market valuation of firms in India. Thirty firms from S&P BSE SENSEX index which consists of 30 firms from across various manufacturing and service sectors. The analysis was carried for a period from FY 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. Multiple linear Regression analysis is used to study the impact of IC on financial performance and market value of these select firms. The paper uses the VAICTM methodology to evaluate the data and finds that the financial performance and market value is indeed influenced by the IC of the firms. This result is crucial for firm’s management and policy makers to make IC disclosure and reporting mandatory in firms accounting statements as the stakeholder can get the real picture of the true value of the firm.
The Philosophical Language of Death and Power
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: May 2015

This article is concerned with understanding the relationship of philosophical languages of death with the social philosophy of Michel Foucault. Foucault’s theoretical tools ‘make sense’ of languages of death in institutions such as care homes. While our responses to death and dying would seem to be very personal and therefore individually determined, they are, in fact, greatly influenced by the beliefs of individuals and “experts” who work in institutions providing care. Therefore, this article not only examines the limitations of bio-medicalized languages of death and dying, but importantly emphasises the importance of Foucault’s conceptual tools to methodologically interrogate how death is managed in institutional care.
Sub-Saharan Africa’s Perspective of Distance Learning
Authors: Betchoo Nirmal Kumar
Published: May 2015

This review article follows the author’s participation in the International DEASA Conference held in Mauritius in December 2014. There is a growing concern over the years to develop Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in sub-Saharan Africa based upon the fact that all nations are connected to the Internet and related technologies. In this perspective, the objective of encouraging distance learning comes from the fact that it had existed in Mauritius and several other countries in its traditional form through mail and correspondence courses. The fact that such type of education is gaining more recognition today calls the author to reflect upon how suitably distance education could be imparted in sub-Saharan Africa with the knowledge that it is still in its infancy since Africa is in general lagging behind in technology. There is no excuse given that governments in sub-Saharan Africa believe that distance learning helps building capacity in their respective countries and favours the advancement and growth of individuals. Blending both technology and education followed by governing principles of broadening educational access at the tertiary level might improve opportunities for development and growth. Illustrations are taken from different countries which have both met with the challenges and success of distance learning. It is found out that governments in sub-Saharan Africa need to move forward with bolder initiatives to ensure the success of open and distance learning in the region.
Fostering Quality Teachers in Teacher Education in the Context of Internationalization: Tasks Ahead
Authors: Jena Prakash Chandra , Biswal Rashmi Ranjan
Published: May 2015

Education being a process of strengthening human resources, its quality assumes special significance within the larger framework of personal, social and national development. The educational system of the 21st century must be oriented toward creating conditions that allow school students to act and learn freely in productive collaboration with their teachers, and also with their parents and other members of their community, local and global. Government of India’s Ministry of Education in its report said “the most important factor in the contemplated educational reconstruction is the teacher, his personal qualities, educational qualifications, professional training and his place in school and community. Although, India is developing democratic country, to bring qualities in all aspects of teacher education in the light of internationalization, matter of serious concerned and needs immediate attention so that we may get such teachers who not only will possess world class knowledge but also right attitude to work and live with open mindedness.
Globalization and Scapes: A New Theory of Global Dynamics
Authors: Powell Jason L.
Published: May 2015

Globalization has produced a distinctive stage in the social history of populational projections, with a growing tension between nation state-based solutions and anxieties and those formulated by global institutions (Powell, 2011). Globalization, defined here as the process whereby nation-states are influenced (and sometimes undermined) by trans-national actors. Human identity has, itself, become relocated within a trans-national context, with international organisations (such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund) and cross-border migrations, creating new conditions and environments for many displaced people (Estes, Biggs, & Phillipson, 2003). This paper examines the work of Appadurai and the extent to which has had a large impact on understanding the global dynamics of cultural, technological, political and economic change.
Development of Emotional Quotient and Spiritual Quotient: The Strategy of Ethics Development
Authors: Fallah Vahid , Khosroabadi Soheila , Usefi Hamideh
Published: May 2015

This paper has investigated the importance of spiritual and emotional quotient in reinforcing the values of Islamic ethics. The development of good character in Islam is the process of encountering with individual feelings that contributes to the creation of and support of good and proper feelings such as forgiveness, compassion, love, generosity, and courage and fights against negative feelings such as envy, anger, selfishness and dastardliness and suppresses them. Character-making should do many works with patience and persistence in controlling feelings resulting in negative dimensions and reinforcing feelings resulting in positive ethics. Employing and controlling feelings will result in training deserved ethics. In addition, it leads a healthy spiritual and psychic life. New research show that individuals who reinforce their own spiritual motivations and have developed their own emotional quotient, are more inclined to achieve competitive advantage than those who have not this intelligence. The main objective of this research is to investigate a new field in modern psychology including emotional quotient and spiritual quotient that is aimed at whether new psychological approaches and positive findings of studying human emotions and feelings can contribute to the Islamic ethics or not.
Empirical Differences in Crime Categories by White-Collar Criminals
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: May 2015

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by persons of respectability and social status. The purpose of this paper is to present empirical results from a study of convicted white-collar criminals in Norway. A national sample of 323 criminals was collected based on media coverage from 2009 to 2012. Crime was classified into the main categories of fraud, theft, manipulation, and corruption. Most criminals were convicted of fraud. They also received the longest jail sentence on average.