bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise Versus Bee Breathing Exercise on Respiratory Components in Air-conditioner Users
Authors: Shivaranjani B  , Rajeshwari V  , Thirulogachandar G  , Sangeetha V
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Modern lifestyles among people particularly in urban areas are having a risk of developing airway problems and alteration pulmonary functions due to the intensive use of air conditioners. The subjects who are frequently exposed to air conditioners showed hyper-responsiveness in respiratory tract and decreased patency of airways which resulting in decreased peak expiratory flow rate, chest expansion and increase in respiratory rate.
Purpose of the study: The present study is to compare the effect of alternate nostril breathing exercise and bee breathing exercise on Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), chest expansion and respiratory rate in air conditioner users. 
METHODS: This study included 50 subjects with age of 20-50 years, those who were working in air-conditioned environment for 8-10hrs/day. Patients were selected based upon who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The purpose of the study was explained to all subjects and the subjects were randomly assigned into either Group A (Alternate nostril breathing exercise) or Group B (Bee breathing exercise). The subjects in both groups practiced exercises of about 6 sessions/weeks for 4 weeks. The parameters assessed are Peak expiratory flow rate, chest expansion, respiratory rate was measured before and after 4 weeks of breathing exercise sessions.
RESULTS: Going by the statistical analysis results, the mean improvement in PEFR (A = 34+12.91 & B = 32.8+11), chest expansion (A= 0.32+0.09 & B = 0.28+0.08) and reduction in respiratory rate (A = 3.76+1.20 & B = 3.52+0.96) of group A is very closer to group B.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that both the treatments are equally effective in improving PEFR and Chest Expansion and reducing Respiratory Rate in air conditioner users.
Students Opinion on guest lectures series during orientation program – An Overview
Authors: Huddar Varsha , Kumar Sanjiv , Sushil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: The Orientation Program (OP) is an integral part of any professional course. A well thought guest lectures with key highlights on essential topics can be a pivoting point to address students concerns before beginning a professional course. Objective: This study was to obtain input from first-year physiotherapy students regarding guest lecture series which were part of current orientation program. Methods: Eighty-one students volunteered for the feedback analysis. We used a  structured google feedback form with closed-ended questions focusing on cognitive, social and personality, and mental and physical health domains of psychology to evaluate the students opinion on various lectures. Results: Most of the students expressed satisfaction, with positive feedback ranging from 56 to 83%) for every lecture and orientation session as a whole. A small percentage of students, ranging from 1 to 6%, disagreed or expressed dissatisfaction with the lectures. The overall response of students to the orientation program and guest lectures was positive. Conclusions: The overall feedback towards all the guest lecture was positive. And merely small percentage of students disagreed. The study concludes that guest lectures should be added to such OP
Vestir la cabeza: tocados y adornos cefálicos en figuras antropomorfas de urnas Santamarianas de Fase IV
Authors: Ponce Natalia Agustina
Published: December 2024

We inquired about the practices of "dressing the head" during the Late-Inka period in Northwest Argentina. We ask ourselves: what social categories does this field of representation relate to, what other socio-cultural practices were related to this art and how does it relate to the social reality of the time?
We analyzed headdresses and cephalic ornaments represented on anthropomorphic figures from Santamarian urns of Phase IV and compared them with archaeological, ethnohistorical and ethnographic case studies from the central and southern Andean area, with emphasis on northwestern Argentina and the Amazonian and Chaco slopes.
As a result, we identify eleven varieties of Santamarian cephalic ornaments, which are associated with NOA metal pieces, Aguada ceramic iconography and plumary art techniques from the Amazon and Gran Chaco. We propose that these ornaments are linked to the male gender and to hierarchical social roles, probably military, religious and/or political. Finally, we propose a set of interpretative hypotheses that allude to local strategies of social legitimization between social organizations of the NOA and the Inca state.
Análisis de la relación entre la Carga tributaria y Probabilidad de supervivencia en empresas constructoras de la provincia del Azuay, 2021-2023
Authors: Guzmán Fajardo Jenny Fernanda , Matute Petroche Jessica Silvana
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la carga tributaria y la probabilidad de supervivencia de las empresas del sector de la construcción en la provincia de Azuay durante el período 2021-2023. La investigación se desarrolló utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, con datos obtenidos de la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros. Se aplicaron un modelo de correlación para examinar la relación entre la carga tributaria y la probabilidad de supervivencia, utilizando el modelo Springate Z-score (1968) y el Effective Tax Rate (ETR), como indicador. Los resultados muestran que, aunque en 2023 se identificó una correlación negativa entre ambas variables, dicha relación no fue estadísticamente significativa en todos los años. Se observó una tendencia general de disminución en la carga tributaria a lo largo de los tres años, y una mejora en la probabilidad de supervivencia de las micro y pequeñas empresas, particularmente en 2023. Las conclusiones sugieren que, si bien la carga tributaria puede influir en la supervivencia de las empresas, es necesario considerar otros factores externos que también afectan la estabilidad financiera de las mismas. Además, se destaca la necesidad de diseñar políticas fiscales que respondan a las características específicas de cada tipo de empresa, que son consideradas relevantes en la provincia de Azuay.
Respuesta Inflamatoria de la Asociación de Obesidad y Dengue, Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Negrete Correa Tatiana , Herdenes Garcia Daniela , Sanchez Hernandez Jose , Navarro Alvarez Yuranis , Sierra Pereira Laury Andrea , Vilaro Otero Michelle , Castellano Gil Arianna , Caycedo Lopez Alberto Jose
Published: December 2024

El dengue es un flavivirus de la familia Flaviviridae, se puede diferenciar genéticamente en 4 serotipos que logran infectar al ser humano (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 y DENV-4) y establecer manifestaciones clínicas con diferentes tipos de severidad, muchas veces las complicaciones clínicas de esta patología van ligada a factores de riesgo propios del huésped. La obesidad definida como IMC ≥ percentil 95 o porcentaje de peso para la altura de más de 120%, es un problema de salud pública por todas las consecuencias orgánicas directas que se desprenden de ella.La asociación dengue-obesidad desencadena una respuesta inflamatoria severa, que puede ocasionar, daño endotelial, tormentas citoquinicas, dengue grave e incluso mayor mortalidad. Realizamos una búsqueda de base de datos que asociaron dengue y obesidad, para lograr mostrar la respuesta inflamatoria y complicaciones de esta asociación.
El Impacto de la Lectura guiada en la Comprensión de Textos Narrativos en Estudiantes de Educación Primaria
Authors: Troya Santillán Carlos Mauricio , Fiallos Castro Edilma Elizabeth , Guerra Villegas Tanya Karina , Fiallos Castro Inés María , Moreno Zambrano Guido Francisco
Published: December 2024

En el presente estudio se examina el impacto de la estrategia de lectura guiada en la comprensión de textos narrativos por parte de estudiantes de educación primaria. La habilidad fundamental de la comprensión lectora en la etapa de educación primaria permite a los estudiantes desarrollar competencias lingüísticas y cognitivas necesarias para su avance tanto académico como personal. No obstante, varios estudiantes en este nivel presentan obstáculos en la comprensión de textos, lo cual impacta su rendimiento en diversas áreas del saber. La lectura guiada se ha establecido como una metodología que favorece la comprensión al posibilitar la intervención directa del docente en la orientación y el apoyo a los estudiantes en la construcción de significados a partir de los textos. En el presente estudio se utilizó un diseño experimental en el que tomaron parte 60 estudiantes de 4º y 5º grado de educación primaria, distribuidos en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control. Durante un periodo de seis semanas, el grupo experimental participó en sesiones de lectura guiada, en contraste con el grupo de control que empleó métodos convencionales de lectura autónoma. Antes y después de la intervención, se analizó el nivel de comprensión lectora de los dos grupos a través de pruebas específicamente creadas para evaluar habilidades como la inferencia, la identificación de ideas principales, la secuenciación de eventos y el reconocimiento de detalles en textos narrativos. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que el grupo que participó en la lectura supervisada experimentó un aumento significativo en su habilidad de comprensión en contraste con el grupo de control. El estudio reveló que los estudiantes del grupo experimental tuvieron un rendimiento superior en la identificación de ideas principales, la comprensión de secuencias narrativas y la inferencia de significados implícitos. Estos resultados destacan la eficacia de la lectura guiada como una herramienta pedagógica. Los resultados de la investigación señalan que la lectura guiada no solo promueve el desarrollo de habilidades específicas de comprensión, sino que también fomenta una mayor participación e interés en la lectura por parte de los estudiantes. En resumen, se puede afirmar que la lectura guiada constituye una estrategia eficaz para potenciar la comprensión de textos narrativos en alumnos de enseñanza primaria. La implementación de esta estrategia en el ámbito educativo podría favorecer la creación de un entorno inclusivo y enriquecedor, promoviendo el apoyo y la motivación de los estudiantes para el desarrollo constante y profundo de sus habilidades de comprensión.
OTIMIZAÇÃO OPERACIONAL EM ESTAÇÕES ELEVATÓRIAS DE ÁGUA DE PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Mendes Graziela Soares , Barbosa Jonathan Lima , Silva Welitom Ttatom Pereira da , Santos Aldecy de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Os desafios relacionados à diminuição dos gastos com energia elétrica têm se tornado cada vez mais evidentes, tanto para as operadoras de serviços de saneamento quanto para os sistemas prediais. Esta pesquisa teve como propósito contribuir para a solução do problema dos altos custos operacionais em estações elevatórias de pequeno porte. A metodologia adotada consistiu em duas etapas: a primeira envolveu a implementação do modelo de otimização operacional proposto por Mendes et al. (2014), enquanto a segunda se concentrou no desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma metodologia voltada para a busca do máximo rendimento, a qual se baseou em modificações no ponto de operação do sistema e na distância Euclidiana, ambas aplicadas em uma estação elevatória de pequeno porte. O estudo foi realizado no Condomínio Morada do Parque, localizado em Cuiabá-MT. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que é viável alcançar uma redução nos custos com energia elétrica de aproximadamente 40% e que, para atingir o máximo rendimento, a instalação de um inversor de frequência é recomendada. Em conclusão, destaca-se que as ferramentas propostas — o modelo de otimização e a metodologia de busca de máximo rendimento — apresentam-se como valiosas para a mitigação do problema dos elevados custos operacionais em estações elevatórias de pequeno porte.
GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM EDIFÍCIO RESIDENCIAL VERTICAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM CUIABÁ-MT
Authors: Morais Larissa Costa , Barbosa Jonathan Lima , Santos Aldecy de Almeida
Published: December 2024

A gestão eficaz dos resíduos sólidos em edificações residenciais verticais é uma questão de relevância global, especialmente diante do aumento da população e da urbanização. O presente estudo teve por finalidade examinar o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em um edifício residencial vertical localizado na cidade de Cuiabá. A metodologia adotada englobou as seguintes fases: aferição da quantidade e qualidade dos resíduos gerados no condomínio, aplicação de questionários dirigidos ao síndico e aos moradores, e proposição de medidas para a destinação ambientalmente responsável dos resíduos produzidos. Os resultados obtidos, em consonância com a literatura existente, indicaram que o edifício apresenta um potencial de reciclagem de matéria orgânica de 55,32% e de materiais recicláveis secos de 30,8%, sendo que a composição inclui plástico (10,56%), alumínio (0,98%), metal (5,84%), papel (7,8%) e vidro (1,65%), o que demonstra a viabilidade de implementação de práticas sustentáveis no condomínio. Conforme os resultados dos questionários, tanto o síndico quanto os moradores enfatizaram a importância do gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos em edificações residenciais verticais, além da necessidade de caracterização desses resíduos para planejar estratégias eficazes. Os moradores expressaram também um considerável interesse na implementação da coleta seletiva no condomínio, visando o descarte apropriado e a valorização dos resíduos sólidos.
Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Inflammatory Markers in Postmenopausal Patients
Authors: Halilzade Mohammad İbrahim , Taş Erdem
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of acute-phase reactants and other factors on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and to investigate inflammation markers that can be used in early diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: This study included 200 postmenopausal patients aged 40-65. Patients were divided into two groups: those with a bone mineral densitometry T-score below -2.5 (osteoporosis-positive) and above -2.5 (osteoporosis-negative). Patient demographics (age, parity, height, weight, body mass index (BMI - kg/m2), duration of menopause, education level [
Becsületbírósági ügyek a BM Határőrségnél 1960-ban
Authors: Fórizs Sándor
Published: December 2024

Aim: The publication describes the operation of a specific disciplinary instrument, the officer's court of honour trial in the Border Guard in 1960, and through this it provides the reader with a subset of the disciplinary relations of the time, the procedures and regulations applied.
Methodology: Analysis of the top-level expectations and honour court trials with the help of original border guard documents preserved in the National Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, related Ministry of the Interior regulations and contemporary Hungarian People's Army regulations.
Findings: The disciplinary situation of officers needed to be significantly strengthened. One possible means of this was the honour court trial, which in certain situations was highly anticipated by the Border Guard leadership.
Value: The rules governing the conduct of disciplinary proceedings of a specific nature, the way in which they were conducted, and the description of specific events will provide an insight into the conditions prevailing at the time for the interested reader.
Új központi hivatal felel Magyarország védelmi tervezésének összehangolásáért
Authors: Márton Balázs
Published: December 2024

Global trends that threaten the stability of the international system lead from time to time to regional or local crisis that are difficult to manage. Most of the countries respond to the unfavorable changes of the security environment by strengthening their defense and resilience capabilities. Several events have occurred in Hungary's security environment in the past period which justify the construction of coordinated, comprehensive, but at the same time flexible defense planning. The main responsible for this is the Defense Administration Office, which was established as a central office in 2022 and belongs to the Cabinet Office of the Prime Minister. The deputy director-general, Tibor Lakatos police brigadier general spoke about the office and their most important tasks.
Debt or equity? Financial impacts of R&D support across firm demographics
Authors: Moon Byunggeor
Published: December 2024

This study utilizes data from Korea’s Research and Development (R&D) grant program to examine the impact of receiving an R&D grant on a firm’s ability to obtain external financing, taking into account the heterogeneous effects based on firm size and characteristics. By employing the propensity score matching method, we establish the causal effect of R&D support on financing and discover that R&D grants have differential effects on debt and equity financing. Our findings indicate that larger firms are more likely to acquire subsequent debt financing, whereas small firms that receive R&D grants exhibit an increased likelihood of securing equity financing, particularly among young firms. Furthermore, we identify a certification effect of R&D grants, implying that such grants may serve as indicators of the potential success of small, young firms in the market. Collectively, this study illuminates the role of R&D grants in firms’ financing decisions, providing valuable insights for policymakers and firms seeking to secure external financing.
The HUSTLE Program: The UV to Near-infrared HST WFC3/UVIS G280 Transmission Spectrum of WASP-127b
Authors: Boehm V. A. , Lewis N. K. , Fairman C. E. , Moran S. E. , Gascón C. , Wakeford H. R. , Alam M. K. , Alderson L. , Barstow J. , Batalha N. E. , Grant D. , López-Morales M. , MacDonald R. J. , Marley Mark S. , Ohno K.
Published: December 2024

Ultraviolet wavelengths offer unique insights into aerosols in exoplanetary atmospheres. However, only a handful of exoplanets have been observed in the ultraviolet to date. Here, we present the ultraviolet-visible transmission spectrum of the inflated hot Jupiter WASP-127b. We observed one transit of WASP-127b with WFC3/UVIS G280 as part of the Hubble Ultraviolet-optical Survey of Transiting Legacy Exoplanets, obtaining a transmission spectrum from 200 to 800 nm. Our reductions yielded a broadband transit depth precision of 91 ppm and a median precision of 240 ppm across 59 spectral channels. Our observations are suggestive of a high-altitude cloud layer with forward modeling showing they are composed of submicron particles and retrievals indicating a high-opacity patchy cloud. While our UVIS/G280 data only offer weak evidence for Na, adding archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3/IR and STIS observations raises the overall Na detection significance to 4.1σ. Our work demonstrates the capabilities of HST WFC3/UVIS G280 observations to probe the aerosols and atmospheric composition of transiting hot Jupiters with comparable precision to HST STIS.
Astrometric Redshifts of Supernovae
Authors: Lee Jaemyoung (Jason) , Sako Masao , Kessler Richard , Malz Alex I. ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: December 2024

Differential Chromatic Refraction (DCR) is caused by the wavelength dependence of our atmosphere’s refractive index, which shifts the apparent positions of stars and galaxies and distorts their shapes depending on their spectral energy distributions. While this effect is typically mitigated and corrected for in imaging observations, we investigate how DCR can instead be used to our advantage to infer the redshifts of supernovae from multiband, time-series imaging data. We simulate Type Ia supernovae in the proposed Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time Deep Drilling Field, and evaluate astrometric redshifts. We find that the redshift accuracy improves dramatically with the statistical quality of the astrometric measurements as well as with the accuracy of the astrometric solution. For a conservative choice of a 5 mas systematic uncertainty floor, we find that our redshift estimation is accurate at z < 0.6. We then combine our astrometric redshifts with both host-galaxy photometric redshifts and supernovae photometric (light-curve) redshifts and show that this considerably improves the overall redshift estimates. These astrometric redshifts will be valuable, especially since Rubin will discover a vast number of supernovae for which we will not be able to obtain spectroscopic redshifts.
GRB 211024B: An Ultra-long GRB Powered by Magnetar
Authors: Fu Shao-Yu , Xu Dong , Lei Wei-Hua , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Malesani Daniele B. , Kann David Alexander , Jakobsson Páll , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Maiorano Elisabetta , Rossi Andrea , Paris Diego , Liu Xing , Jiang Shuai-Qing , Lu Tian-Hua , An Jie , Zhu Zi-Pei , Gao Xing , Wei Jian-Yan
Published: December 2024

Ultra-long gamma-ray bursts are characterized by exceptionally long-duration central engine activities, with characteristic timescales exceeding 1000 s. We present ground-based optical afterglow observations of the ultra-long gamma-ray burst GRB 211024B, detected by Swift. Its X-ray light curve exhibits a characteristic “internal plateau” with a shallow decay phase lasting approximately ∼15 ks, followed by a steep decline (α
drop ∼ −7.5). Moreover, the early optical emission predicted by the late r-band optical afterglow is significantly higher than the observed value, indicating an external shock with energy injection. To explain these observations, we propose a magnetar central engine model. The magnetar collapses into a black hole due to spin-down or hyperaccretion, leading to the observed steep break in the X-ray light curve. The afterglow model fitting reveals that the afterglow injection luminosity varies with different assumptions of the circumburst medium density, implying different potential energy sources. For the interstellar medium case with a fixed injection end time, the energy may originate from the magnetar’s dipole radiation. However, in other scenarios, relativistic jets produced by the magnetar/black hole system could be the primary energy source.
Realistic Outcomes of Moon–Moon Collisions in Lunar Formation Theory
Authors: Malamud Uri , Perets Hagai B.
Published: December 2024

The multiple impact hypothesis proposes that the Moon formed through a series of smaller collisions, rather than a single giant impact. This study advances our understanding of this hypothesis, as well as moon collisions in other contexts, by exploring the implications of these smaller impacts, employing a novel methodological approach that combines self-consistent initial conditions, hybrid hydrodynamic/N-body simulations, and the incorporation of material strength. Our findings challenge the conventional assumption of perfect mergers in previous models, revealing a spectrum of collision outcomes including partial accretion and mass loss. These outcomes are sensitive to collision parameters and the Earth’s tidal influence, underscoring the complex dynamics of lunar accretion. Importantly, we demonstrate that incorporating material strength is important for accurately simulating moonlet-sized impacts. This inclusion significantly affects fragmentation, tidal disruption, and the amount of material ejected or accreted onto the Earth, ultimately impacting the Moon’s growth trajectory. By accurately modeling diverse collision outcomes, our hybrid approach provides a powerful new framework for understanding the Moon’s formation. We show that most collisions (≈90%) do not significantly erode the largest moonlet, supporting the feasibility of lunar growth through accretion. Moreover, we revise previous estimates of satellite disruption, suggesting a higher survival rate and further bolstering the multiple-impact scenario.
Investigating Differences in the Palomar-Green Blazar Population Using Polarization
Authors: Baghel Janhavi , Kharb P. , Hovatta T. , Ho Luis C. , Harrison C. , Lindfors E. , S. Silpa , Gulati S.
Published: December 2024

We present polarization images with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in A- and B-array configurations at 6 GHz of seven radio-loud (RL) quasars and eight BL Lac objects belonging to the Palomar-Green (PG) “blazar” sample. This completes our arcsecond-scale polarization study of an optically selected volume-limited blazar sample comprising 16 radio-loud quasars and 8 BL Lac objects. Using the VLA, we identify kiloparsec-scale polarization in the cores and jets/lobes of all the blazars, with fractional polarization varying from around 0.8% ± 0.3% to 37% ± 6%. The kiloparsec-scale jets in PG RL quasars are typically aligned along their parsec-scale jets and show apparent magnetic fields parallel to jet directions in their jets/cores and magnetic field compression in their hot spots. The quasars show evidence of interaction with their environment as well as restarted active galactic nucleus activity through morphology, polarization, and spectral indices. These quasi-periodic jet modulations and restarted activity may be indicative of an unstable accretion disk undergoing transition. We find that the polarization characteristics of the BL Lacs are consistent with their jets being reoriented multiple times, with no correlation between their core apparent magnetic field orientations and parsec-scale jet directions. We find that the low synchrotron peaked BL Lacs show polarization and radio morphology features typical of “strong” jet sources as defined by E. T. Meyer et al. for the “blazar envelope scenario,” which posits a division based on jet profiles and velocity gradients rather than total jet power.
Constraining the Excitation of Molecular Gas in Two Quasar-starburst Systems at z ∼ 6
Authors: Xu Fuxiang , Wang Ran , Li Jianan , Neri Roberto , Pensabene Antonio , Decarli Roberto , Shao Yali , Bañados Eduardo , Cox Pierre , Bertoldi Frank , Feruglio Chiara , Walter Fabian , Venemans Bram P. , Omont Alain , Riechers Dominik , Wagg Jeff , Menten Karl M. , Fan Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

We present NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array observations of CO(8–7), (9–8), and (10–9) lines, as well as the underlying continuum for two far-infrared luminous quasars: SDSS J2054-0005 at z = 6.0389 and SDSS J0129-0035 at z = 5.7788. Both quasars were previously detected in CO (2–1) and (6–5) transitions, making them candidates for studying the CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) of quasars at z ∼ 6. Utilizing the radiative transfer code CLOUDY, we fit the CO SLED with two heating mechanisms, including the photodissociation region (PDR) and X-ray-dominated region (XDR) for both objects. The CO SLEDs can be fitted by either a dense PDR component with an extremely strong far-ultraviolet radiation field (gas density n
H ∼ 106 cm−3 and field strength G
0 ≳ 106) or a two-component model including a PDR and an XDR. However, the line ratios, including L
TIR and previous [C ii]158 μm and [C i]369 μm measurements, argue against a very high PDR radiation field strength. Thus, the results prefer a PDR+XDR origin for the CO SLED. The excitation of the high-J CO lines in both objects is likely dominated by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). We then check the CO (9–8)-to-(6–5) line luminosity ratio r
96 for all z ∼ 6 quasars with available CO SLEDs (seven in total) and find that there are no clear correlations between r
96 and both L
FIR and the AGN UV luminosities. This further demonstrates the complexity of the CO excitation powered by both the AGN and nuclear star formation in these young quasar host galaxies.
Photochemical Hazes in Exoplanetary Skies with Diamonds: Microphysical Modeling of Haze Composition Evolution via Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa
Published: December 2024

Observational efforts in the last decade suggest the prevalence of photochemical hazes in exoplanetary atmospheres. Recent JWST observations raise growing evidence that exoplanetary hazes tend to have reflective compositions, unlike the conventionally assumed haze analogs, such as tholin and soot. In this study, I propose a novel hypothesis: diamond formation through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) may be happening in exoplanetary atmospheres. Using an aerosol microphysical model combined with the theory of CVD diamond and soot formation established in the industry community, I study how the haze composition evolves in exoplanetary atmospheres for various planetary equilibrium temperatures, atmospheric metallicity, and C/O ratio. I find that CVD diamond growth dominates over soot growth in a wide range of planetary parameters. Diamond haze formation is most efficient at T
eq ∼ 1000 K and low atmospheric metallicity ([M/H] ≤ 2.0), while soot could be the main haze component only if the atmosphere is hot (T
eq ≳ 1200 K) and carbon rich (C/O > 1). I also compute transmission, emission, and reflected light spectra, thereby suggesting possible observational signatures of diamond hazes, including the 3.53 μm feature of hydrogenated diamonds, anomalously faint thermal emission due to thermal scattering, and a drastic increase in geometric albedo. This study suggests that warm exoplanetary atmospheres may be favorable sites for forming CVD diamonds, which would be testable by future observations by JWST and Ariel as well as haze synthesis experiments under hot hydrogen-rich conditions.
Theoretical Diagnostics for Narrow-line Regions of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Zhu Peixin , Kewley Lisa J. , Sutherland Ralph S.
Published: December 2024

Gas metallicity, ionization parameter, and gas pressure can affect the observed ratios of specific strong emission lines within galaxies. While the theoretical strong lines diagnostics for gas metallicity, ionization parameters, and gas pressure in star-forming regions are well-established, theoretical diagnostics for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) narrow-line regions are still lacking. In P. Zhu et al., we presented a new AGN model that provides the best predictions for observations spanning the UV, optical, and infrared wavelengths. This paper presents a suite of theoretical diagnostics for the gas metallicity, ionization parameter, gas pressure, and the peak energy in AGN ionizing radiation field E
peak for AGN narrow-line regions spanning the UV and optical wavelengths. We investigate the model dependency on the ionization parameter, gas pressure, E
peak, and the nitrogen scaling relation and make recommendations on metallicity diagnostics that are most robust against these parameters. We test our new AGN metallicity diagnostics using optical galaxy spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR16. These tests show that the metallicities measured from different diagnostics in this paper are consistent within ∼0.3 dex. We compare consistent H ii and AGN diagnostics and demonstrate that H ii and AGN diagnostics should not be used interchangeably. With a wide wavelength coverage, we anticipate that these AGN diagnostics will enable new metallicity studies of galaxies dominated by AGN.
Visual Orbits of Wolf–Rayet Stars. II. The Orbit of the Nitrogen-rich Wolf–Rayet Binary WR 138 Measured with the CHARA Array
Authors: Holdsworth Amanda , Richardson Noel , Schaefer Gail H. , Eldridge Jan J. , Hill Grant M. , Spejcher Becca , Mackey Jonathan , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Navarete Felipe , Monnier John D. , Kraus Stefan , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Anugu Narsireddy , Chhabra Sorabh , Codron Isabelle , Ennis Jacob , Gardner Tyler , Gutierrez Mayra , Ibrahim Noura , Labdon Aaron , Lanthermann Cyprien , Setterholm Benjamin R.
Published: December 2024

Classical Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars are descendants of massive OB-type stars that have lost their hydrogen-rich envelopes and are in the final stages of stellar evolution, possibly exploding as Type Ib/c supernovae. It is understood that the mechanisms driving this mass loss are either strong stellar winds and or binary interactions, so intense studies of these binaries including their evolution can tell us about the importance of the two pathways in WR formation. WR 138 (HD 193077) has a period of just over 4 yr and was previously reported to be resolved through interferometry. We report on new interferometric data combined with spectroscopic radial velocities in order to provide a three-dimensional orbit of the system. The precision on our parameters tend to be about an order of magnitude better than previous spectroscopic techniques. These measurements provide masses of the stars, namely, M
WR = 13.93 ± 1.49 M
⊙ and M
O = 26.28 ± 1.71 M
⊙. The derived orbital parallax agrees with the parallax from Gaia, namely, with a distance of 2.13 kpc. We compare the system’s orbit to models from BPASS, showing that the system likely may have been formed with little interaction but could have formed through some binary interactions either following or at the start of a red supergiant phase but with the most likely scenario occurring as the red supergiant phase starts for a ∼40 M
⊙ star.
Prediction of Large Solar Flares Based on SHARP and High-energy-density Magnetic Field Parameters
Authors: Li Xuebao , Li Xuefeng , Zheng Yanfang , Li Ting , Yan Pengchao , Ye Hongwei , Zhang Shunhuang , Wang Xiaotian , Lv Yongshang , Huang Xusheng
Published: December 2024

The existing flare prediction primarily relies on photospheric magnetic field parameters from the entire active region (AR), such as Space-Weather HMI Activity Region Patches (SHARP) parameters. However, these parameters may not capture the details of the AR evolution preceding flares. The magnetic structure within the core area of an AR is essential for predicting large solar flares. This paper utilizes the area of high photospheric free energy density (high-energy-density, hereafter HED, region) as a proxy for the AR core region. We construct two data sets: SHARP and HED data sets. The ARs contained in both data sets are identical. Furthermore, the start and end times for the same AR in both data sets are identical. We develop six models for 24 hr solar flare forecasting, utilizing SHARP and HED data sets. We then compare their categorical and probabilistic forecasting performance. Additionally, we conduct an analysis of parameter importance. The main results are as follows: (1) Among the six solar flare prediction models, the models using HED parameters outperform those using SHARP parameters in both categorical and probabilistic prediction, indicating the important role of the HED region in the flare initiation process. (2) The transformer flare prediction model stands out significantly in true skill statistic and Brier skill score, surpassing the other models. (3) In parameter importance analysis, the total photospheric free magnetic energy density (E
free) within the HED parameters excels in both categorical and probabilistic forecasting. Similarly, among the SHARP parameters, the R_VALUE stands out as the most effective parameter for both categorical and probabilistic forecasting.
Data-space Validation of High-dimensional Models by Comparing Sample Quantiles
Authors: Thorp Stephen , Peiris Hiranya V. , Mortlock Daniel J. , Alsing Justin , Leistedt Boris , Deger Sinan
Published: December 2024

We present a simple method for assessing the predictive performance of high-dimensional models directly in data space when only samples are available. Our approach is to compare the quantiles of observables predicted by a model to those of the observables themselves. In cases where the dimensionality of the observables is large (e.g., multiband galaxy photometry), we advocate that the comparison is made after projection onto a set of principal axes to reduce the dimensionality. We demonstrate our method on a series of two-dimensional examples. We then apply it to results from a state-of-the-art generative model for galaxy photometry (pop-cosmos) that generates predictions of colors and magnitudes by forward simulating from a 16-dimensional distribution of physical parameters represented by a score-based diffusion model. We validate the predictive performance of this model directly in a space of nine broadband colors. Although motivated by this specific example, we expect that the techniques we present will be broadly useful for evaluating the performance of flexible, nonparametric population models of this kind, and other settings where two sets of samples are to be compared.
Astronomical Pointlike Source Detection via Deep Feature Matching
Authors: Long Ma , Jiarong Xin , Jiangbin Du , Jiayao Zhao , Xiaotian Wang , Yu Zhang
Published: December 2024

This study introduces PSDetNet, an innovative deep neural network tailored for the autonomous detection of pointlike astronomical sources by leveraging feature-matching techniques. PSDetNet comprises two primary modules: feature extraction and matching localization. The feature extraction module is built on residual blocks and adopts an encoder–decoder framework to distill features from images robustly. The matching localization module employs a patch-by-patch comparison against a preconstructed template, which is crafted through the alignment and weighted aggregation of numerous exemplar pointlike source samples, capturing the quintessential distribution characteristics of pointlike sources. The experimental results demonstrate that this network can accurately detect pointlike sources in astronomical imagery with high purity and completeness. It operates end to end and uses a fully convolutional architecture that allows for flexible processing of images of any size. This ability considerably enhances its applicability across various practical scenarios.
A New View of the Spiral Structure of the Northern Outer Milky Way in Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Ji , Zhang Shaobo , Yan Qing-Zeng , Su Yang , Chen Xuepeng , Zhou Xin , Xu Ye , Wang Hongchi , Wang Min , Jiang Zhibo , Sun Ji-Xian , Lu Deng-Rong , Ju Bing-Gang , Zhang Xu-Guo , Wang Min
Published: December 2024

Based on 32,162 molecular clouds from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting project, we obtain new face-on molecular gas maps of the northern outer Galaxy. The total molecular gas surface density map reveals three segments of spirals, extending 16–43 kpc in length. The Perseus and Outer arms stand out prominently, appearing as quasi-continuous structures along most of their length. At the Galactic outskirts, about 1306 clouds connect the two segments of the new spiral arm discovered by T. M. Dame & P. Thaddeus (2011) in the first quadrant and Y. Sun et al. in the second quadrant, possibly extending the arm into the outer third quadrant. Logarithmic spirals can be fitted to the CO arm segments with pitch angles ranging from 4∘ to 12∘. These CO arms extend beyond previous CO studies and the optical radius, reaching a Galactic radius of about 22 kpc, comparable to the H i radial range.
Detailed Study of Stars and Gas in a z = 8.3 Massive Merger with Extreme Dust Conditions
Authors: Harshan Anishya , Tripodi Roberta , Martis Nicholas S. , Rihtaršič Gregor , Bradač Maruša , Asada Yoshihisa , Brammer Gabe , Desprez Guillaume , Estrada-Carpenter Vince , Matharu Jasleen , Markov Vladan , Muzzin Adam , Mowla Lamiya , Noirot Gaël , Sarrouh Ghassan T. E. , Sawicki Marcin , Strait Victoria , Willott Chris
Published: December 2024

We present galaxy MACS0416-Y1 at z
spec = 8.312 as observed by the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey. MACS0416-Y1 has been shown to have extreme dust properties; thus, we study the physical properties and star formation histories of its resolved components. Overall, we find that MACS0416-Y1 is undergoing a star formation burst in three resolved clumps. The central clump is less massive compared to the other clumps and possibly formed in the merging process of the two larger clumps. Although the star formation history indicates an ongoing star formation burst, this gas-rich galaxy shows comparable star formation efficiency to cosmic noon galaxies. Using NIRSpec prism spectroscopy, we measure metallicity,

12
+
log
(O/H)
=
7.76
±
0.03

, ionization parameter,

log
U
=
−
2.48
±
0.03

, and electron temperature T

e
= 18000 ± 4000 K. The emission line ratios of the galaxy indicate an evolved interstellar medium similar to z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies. Further, we find possible presence of ionization from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) using emission line diagnostics; however, we do not detect a broad-line component in the Hβ emission line. As this gas-rich galaxy is undergoing a major merger, we hypothesize that the high dust temperature in MACS0416-Y1 is caused by the star formation burst or a possible narrow-line AGN.
Determination of the Abundance of Mercury from the Hg ii Line at 5677.10 Å in Late B-type Stars. XI. HD 11753 (ϕ Phe)
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: December 2024

The weak line of Hg ii located at 5677.10 Å is not detected in a coadded HARPS spectrum of the HgMn star HD 11753 which may be explained by the moderate excess of mercury in this star compared to other HgMn stars. The synthesis of the 4400–4600 Å spectral range yields several new measurements of the abundances of helium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel and platinum. These new measurements agree well with previous measurements. The synthesis of the Pt ii line at 4514.14 Å, yields a first measurement of a large excess of platinum (+3.74 dex) in HD 11753.
Notes on the phenology of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) in the Aras River Valley of Türkiye
Authors: Kitel Denis , Kittelberger Kyle , Ağirkaya Kayahan , Tutar Gul , Șekercioğlu Çağan H.
Published: December 2024

A check-list of Odonata found at Aras River Valley in Kars and Iğdır provinces of Türkiye is published for the first time, representing 38 species. The abundance of species from March to November is noted by month, with the phenology of the flight period indicated. Summer months host the highest number of species, up to 28 in June. We provide a complete phenology for the imago (adult) presence in the area for 22 species, from their emergence to their disappearance at the end of their flight period and life cycle. Short notes regarding selected species which are either rare in the region or have international protection status are also provided. This study shows that the Aras River Valley is an important place for Odonata, especially Onychogomphus flexuosus and Libellula pontica, species which are classified as “Vulnerable” and “Near Threatened”, respectively, in the present IUCN Red List of threatened species.
Empirical likelihood based heteroscedasticity diagnostics for varying coefficient partially nonlinear models
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Zhao Peixin
Published: December 2024

Heteroscedasticity diagnostics of error variance is essential before performing some statistical inference work. This paper is concerned with the statistical diagnostics for the varying coefficient partially nonlinear model. We propose a novel diagnostic approach for heteroscedasticity of error variance in the model by combining it with the empirical likelihood method. Under some mild conditions, the nonparametric version of the Wilks theorem is obtained. Furthermore, simulation studies and a real data analysis are implemented to evaluate the performances of our proposed approaches.
Two accelerated gradient-based iteration methods for solving the Sylvester matrix equation AX + XB = C
Authors: Wang Huiling , Wu Nian-Ci , Nie Yufeng
Published: December 2024

In this paper, combining the precondition technique and momentum item with the gradient-based iteration algorithm, two accelerated iteration algorithms are presented for solving the Sylvester matrix equation $ AX+XB = C $. Sufficient conditions to guarantee the convergence properties of the proposed algorithms are analyzed in detail. Varying the parameters of these algorithms in each iteration, the corresponding adaptive iteration algorithms are also provided, and the adaptive parameters can be explicitly obtained by the minimum residual technique. Several numerical examples are implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Towards distant seas and lands
Authors: Masseti Marco
Published: December 2024

There is considerable archaeological evidence for the circulation and trade of materials, ideas and living beings between the Mediterranean, the Near and the Middle East during the 1st millennium BC. A similar phenomenon has also affected the displacement of various faunal elements that have been exported to new territories completely unrelated to the natural environment of their homelands. Unfortunately, regarding the export of some of them cultural models based on little, if any, scientific evidence still persists.
Involuntary introductions in the Ancient Mediterranean
Authors: Lewis Sian
Published: December 2024

This article considers the movements of animal species in Antiquity which took place without intentional human intervention. After establishing the context of limited human control over the many species which exploited the towns and settlements I focus on two groups of animals, rodents and insects. Both the house mouse (Mus musculus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus) were accidentally introduced to the Western Mediterranean, the former as a result of Phoenician and Greek maritime trade in the Iron Age and the black rat as a consequence of trade from Egypt under the Roman Empire, while two of the most damaging grain pests in antiquity, the saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and the grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius), were similarly unwittingly introduced to the Mediterranean and Europe via the movement of infested grain at the end of the 1st millennium BC. These movements offer a salutary reminder that ancient humans were not masters of the zoosphere which they inhabited, but merely one component part of a complex web of relationships.
Les mobilités camélines dans les sources grecques
Authors: Clément Jérémy
Published: December 2024

Les camélidés (dromadaires et chameaux de Bactriane) ont joué un rôle majeur dans les circulations des hommes, des armées, des marchandises et des informations dans les empires de l’Orient ancien. Les Grecs découvrent ces animaux avant et pendant les guerres médiques, les associant dès lors aux entreprises militaires des Grands Rois. Avec la conquête de l’empire achéménide, Alexandre et ses successeurs se les approprient et cherchent à en tirer avantage. Il s’agira donc de voir le rôle que les sources grecques attribuent à ces animaux dans les mobilités militaires et civiles de l’Orient hellénistique.
Short and long distance circulation of marine animals, products and raw materials of marine origin in the 1st millennium BC Aegean
Authors: Theodoropoulou Tatiana
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the phenomenon of circulation of marine animals and marine products across the Aegean, as well import into the Aegean of marine resources from the Mediterranean and further beyond during the 1st millennium BC. Fresh fish and invertebrates, usually caught locally in inshore waters, have always supplied Aegean populations with a complementary food source. From the Classical Period onwards the number of literary references to the trade of fish and fish products either at short, i.e. intra-Aegean, or at longer distances, i.e. trans-Mediterranean or extra-Mediterranean, increases. Other products, namely raw materials of marine origin or finished objects made from marine materials, were also transported into the Aegean. This paper offers a review of zooarchaeological data from this region that provide direct or indirect evidence of such circulations, and discusses the limitations inherent in this record. It puts forward the hypothesis of a trans-Mediterranean fashion in the consumption of fish products or in the long-distance circulation of raw materials and finished items made from shell, that would have co-existed with local traditions.