bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atbalsta metodes informācijas sistēmu integrācijai organizāciju pēcapvienošanās kontekstā
Authors:   , Lāce Ksenija
Published: September 2023

Promocijas darbs aplūko informācijas sistēmu integrāciju organizāciju pēcapvienošanās kontekstā. Ievērojot to, ka tikai puse apvienošanās/pārņemšanas iniciatīvu ir veiksmīgas, darbs koncentrējas uz ekspertīzes trūkumu šajā jomā. Darbā izvirzīta hipotēze, ka speciālisti ar atbalsta metodi var sasniegt ekspertu līmeņa rezultātus. Promocijas darba gaitā izstrādātas divas atbalsta metodes informētai integrējamo informācijas sistēmu grupu identifikācijai un integrācijas variantu analīzei. Katrai metodei izstrādāts arī atbalsta rīks. Izstrādātās metodes pārbaudītas, izmantojot imitāciju, eksperimentālo novērtēšanu un lietojamības novērtējumu.
Case Study of Old Steel Riveted Railway Truss Bridge: From Material Characterization to Structural Analysis
Authors: Ambroziak Andrzej , Malinowski Maciej
Published: September 2023

The structural analysis of an old steel riveted railway truss bridge located over the Maruska River on the Działdowo – Olsztyn, Poland railway line is performed in this paper to check its behaviour under today’s railway loads. The mechanical properties of construction steel extracted from the old steel bridge are investigated by tensile tests, impact tests through the Charpy pendulum impact V-notch, and an optical emission spectrometer. Structural analysis exhibits that the steel bridge requires proper structural bridge improvements to meet today’s load requirements in terms of bearing capacity and serviceability state. The paper begins with a wide survey of literature carried out on the investigation of steel riveted railway bridge subject matter. This paper can provide scientists, engineers, and designers with an experimental and structural basis in the field of old steel riveted railway truss bridge construction.
Taoist music of China in the context of the religious practice of Taoism
Authors: Yang Peifan
Published: September 2023

The subject of the research is the music of Chinese Taoism, which was formed as an integral part of religious rituals in Taoist monasteries. In the depths of the ancient culture of Taoist monasticism, a stable system of genres, a stable circle of melodies and a set of ritual instruments has developed. The purpose of the study is to consider Taoist music in the context of the centuries-old spiritual practice of Chinese Taoism. The object of the study is the music that voices the rituals and ceremonies of Taoism as an integral religious system. The ideas of Taoism as a philosophical system are touched upon indirectly. For the first time in Russian-language musicology, a periodization of Taoist musical culture has been developed, two levels of interaction between music and ritual, determined by the type of worship, have been identified and analyzed, varieties of vocal intonation of Taoist prayers have been identified, and the connection between Taoist music and local folklore traditions of China has been substantiated. The main conclusions of the study: in the history of Taoist music, five periods can be distinguished, the change of which is due to the development and complication of the ritual practice of Taoism, the expansion of instruments, the spread of liturgical tunes outside the monasteries; the religious traditions of Taoism predetermined the selection of temple instruments, among which the timbres of percussion and wind instruments predominate; the functioning of music in spiritual rites is determined by the internal (in the monastic circle) or external (in the secular environment) type of ritual; in the musical practice of Chinese Taoism, four types of vocal intonation can be distinguished - chanting, scan, recitation, vocalized speech; Taoist music is closely connected with the folklore culture of various provinces of the country.
Class incremental learning of remote sensing images based on class similarity distillation
Authors: Shen Mingge , Chen Dehu , Hu Silan , Xu Gang
Published: September 2023

When a well-trained model learns a new class, the data distribution differences between the new and old classes inevitably cause catastrophic forgetting in order to perform better in the new class. This behavior differs from human learning. In this article, we propose a class incremental object detection method for remote sensing images to address the problem of catastrophic forgetting caused by distribution differences among different classes. First, we introduce a class similarity distillation (CSD) loss based on the similarity between new and old class prototypes, ensuring the model’s plasticity to learn new classes and stability to detect old classes. Second, to better extract class similarity features, we propose a global similarity distillation (GSD) loss that maximizes the mutual information between the new class feature and old class features. Additionally, we present a region proposal network (RPN)-based method that assigns positive and negative labels to prevent mislearning issues. Experiments demonstrate that our method is more accurate for class incremental learning on public DOTA and DIOR datasets and significantly improves training efficiency compared to state-of-the-art class incremental object detection methods.
Outcome of Dismembered Pyeloplasty in Children with Unilateral Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Hassan Nibi , Trivedi B Ujjwal Singh , Sivakumar K , Sarma Vivek Parameswara , Sadiq Shinaz
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Anderson-Hynes (AH) dismembered pyeloplasty is the standard procedure performed for the management of Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO). Ultrasonography (USG) and diuretic renography are of great importance for the diagnosis and follow-up of PUJO. Aim: To evaluate the morphological and functional outcomes of open dismembered pyeloplasty in children with unilateral PUJO and to find the correlation between functional and morphological outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, assessing the clinical charts of 200 children under 10 years of age with congenital PUJO who underwent open AH dismembered pyeloplasty in the Department of Paediatric Surgery at a teritary teaching Institute, Government medical college, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India from from June 2015 to June 2020. The preoperative radiological assessment included renal USG and diuretic renography for all patients. Morphological and functional surgical outcomes were measured one year after surgery. The morphologic parameters analysed were the Anteroposterior Diameter (APD) of the pelvis and Parenchymal Thickness (PT). The functional outcome was assessed by improvements in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Split Renal Function (SRF), and drainage curve. Success was defined as improvement in function and morphology in followup USG and renogram after one year of surgery. Paired t-test was applied for statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Results: Among the total 200 patients,180 (90%) cases demonstrated improved renal function after pyeloplasty. Among the total 200 cases, males were 120 (60%) and females were 80 (40%). Morphologic outcome improved in 188 out of 200 (94%) cases. The overall outcome was good in 168 out of 200 (84%) patients. The results showed a moderate negative correlation for APD with respect to SRF (r=-0.677, p-value=0.01) and GFR (r=- 0.430, p-value=0.01), whereas a moderate positive correlation was observed between SRF and GFR (r=0.423, p-value=0.01). Conclusion: AH dismembered pyeloplasty is an effective treatment for PUJO in children, not only relieving obstruction but also improving renal function. The present study recommends considering both morphologic and functional parameters to assess the success of the surgery.
Approaches Used by Heads of Schools in the Supervision of Instructions to Improve Students’ Academic Performance in Bahi District
Authors: Kissa Gildaph Peter
Published: September 2023

This study explored approaches used by the heads of schools for supervision instructions to improve students’ academic Performance in Bahi District-Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed the qualitative approach and multiple case study design. Purposive sampling and random selection techniques were also used to obtain a sample of 60 participants. Data was collected through interviews with open-ended questions as well as focus group discussion and was then analyzed thematically. With regard to this study, interview (open ended) questions were prepared by considering the aspects like the preparation of schools’ almanac, schools’ action plans, availability of both students’ text books and reference books, attendance of teachers in classes, preparation of lesson plans and lesson notes, inspection of classroom activities and assessment. The results revealed that action plans had by 40% been effectively manifested within some schools. However, a few of the teachers were involved only as representatives during their preparation, and the majorities were required to oblige and adhere to the established plans.  The other 60% did neither have school action plans nor know how to prepare them. In relation to that, the study also found out that, the heads of schools were just appointed to take the headship responsibilities without being given any leadership seminar or training. In relation to almanacs, the study found out that, school almanacs were prepared but not well followed by the teachers. Moreover, the study revealed that the heads of schools concentrated more on inspecting teaching and learning preparation documents while overlooking to inspect the teachers during classroom sessions. Therefore, the study came up with suggestions to the government, educational officers and other educational stakeholders that, the newly appointed heads of schools and those who are already holding headship roles should be given opportunities to attend leadership seminars and in-service training. The government, educational officers and other educational stakeholders should also work closely with the school heads.
D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency in a Neonate, are We Missing?- A Case Series
Authors: Kasula Linga Reddy , Vengaladasu Manasa , Pandala Paramesh , Kotha Rakesh , Madireddy Alimelu
Published: September 2023

D-bifunctional protein deficiency (D-BP) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder caused by a mutation in the HSD17B4 (5q23.1) gene. In this case series, we report three cases in which clinical signs appeared during the neonatal period. Two cases had early seizures and hypotonia, and another case had breastfeeding jaundice with hypotonia. In our first case, we identified a unique frameshift deletion c.398delC p.Ala133Glu fs.6. One patient died in the fourth month of life, whereas the other two were followed up. We report these cases because they are part of an unusual case series. In our case series, one case presented breastfeeding jaundice, and in another case, we identified a novel mutation that will help to expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of D- BP.
Evaluating Habitat Distributions and Conservation Challenges of Himalayan Newt (Tylototrinus verrucosus Anderson, 1871) in Thinleygang, Punakha District, Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Chungdu , Wangmo Tshering
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study reports the distribution of Tylototriton verrucosus in different habitats and its conservation challenges in the locality.

Study Design: Opportunistic collection and measurements in diverse habitats (forest, stream, paddy fields, and roads) were gathered in the post-monsoon seasons. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was employed to gather perceptions and awareness of locals on the occurrence and survival of Himalayan newt. A 3200m2 area was surveyed by dividing it into 32 plots for sampling (8 plots per habitat type).

Place and Duration of Study: The study area is located in Thinleygang (27.66°N by 89.83°E), in Punakha district.

Methodology: Opportunistic sampling across diverse habitats (forest, stream, paddy field, and roads) recorded 70 newt individuals. Questionnaire surveys (n=30) gathered local perceptions. Data on habitat distribution, threats, and awareness were analyzed to inform conservation challenges faced by the species.

Results: A population of 70 newts was observed. Female dominance was noted (1:1.45). Morphological traits showed minimal sexual dimorphism. The highest density occurred in paddy fields (31.05/100 m²). People were aware of newts, but habitat changes, pollution, and habitat loss were perceived threats. Altitude and slope showed no significant correlation with newt distribution in the study area. Conservation was deemed important due to cultural beliefs and habitat deterioration.

Conclusion: Newts were prevalent in various habitats, with the highest occurrence in paddy fields (52%), followed by forests (24%), streams (22%), and roadsides (2%). Their activity was influenced by weather conditions, being more frequent during rainy periods and specific duration of the day. Habitat preferences and behavior varied during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Conservation concerns were evident, with perceptions of population decline attributed to human-induced threats like land use change, pollution, and habitat loss. Potential conservation strategies include preserving existing habitats, creating new aquatic environments, and promoting traditional agricultural practices.
Contribution of Cattle Dung as an Alternative to Mineral Fertilization of Soils in Tomato (Lycopersicom esculenta) Production
Authors: Zoumana Konate , Stanislas Koffi Kouakou , Mamourou Kone , Sidiky Bakayoko , Maméri Camara
Published: September 2023

The use of chemical fertilizers, which in the long term constitutes a source of environmental degradation, has led farmers to use organic sources as alternative soil amendments. However, use of organic fertilizers alone may not restore the fertility of highly degraded soils, hence the need for the integration of organic and mineral fertilizers. The objective of the study was to improve soil fertility and tomato productivity. The study was carried out using a Fisher block design, with three replicates established on sandy soils. Treatments T0 (control treatment), Tpp (500 kg ha-1of NPK), T1 (40 kg ha-1of cattle dung + 167 kg ha-1of NPK), T2 (40 kg ha-1of cattle dung + 250 kg ha-1of NPK), T3 (40 kg ha-1of cattle dung + 375 kg ha-1of NPK), T4 (40 kg ha-1of cattle dung + 500 kg ha-1of NPK) and T5 (40 kg ha-1of NPK of cattle dung) were applied to elementary plots of 20 m2 (5 m x 4 m). Cattle dung was applied one week before transplanting was done. On the other hand, split application of mineral fertilizer was done at transplanting and at the start of flowering. The height of the plants, the circumference at the collar, the diameter of the fruits, the average number of fruits and weights of harvested fruits were evaluated on 4 plants of the effective plot. The results obtained revealed that the addition of cattle dung to the soil made it possible to reduce the quantities of chemical fertilizer commonly used by tomato producers. Thus, T3 treatment (40 kg/ha of cattle dung as a single contribution of basal fertilizer + 375 kg/ha of NPK), or ¾ of the dose of chemical fertilizer commonly applied by producers, made it possible to improve the agronomic parameters of the tomato and obtained the highest tomato yields (16292.25 kg/ha). The cattle dung combination at a dose of 40 kg/ha + 375 kg/ha of NPK 15 15 15 is therefore, the optimum dose to provide for better tomato production.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributing Parameters of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Upadhyay Ashutosh , Singh Ram Batuk , Singh Pranjal , Lal Bankey , Singh Shreya
Published: September 2023

Aim: The objective of the research was to study the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on the yield attributing parameters of kharif onion.

Study Design: The field experiment was carried out in Randomised Block Design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur U.P during the kharif seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23.

Methodology: An experiment was carried out during Kharif season in the years, of 2021-22 and 2022-23 both the year same time at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of T1- Control: T2- 100% RDF (NPK @ 120:60:80 kg/ha; T3- 75% RDF+ FYM 6 t/ha: T4- 75%RDF+ Vermicompost@2 t/ ha; T5- 75%RDF+FYM @ 3t/ha+vermicompost@1 t/ha ;T6- 75% RDF + FYM @ 3 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 1t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each):T7‑ 50% RDF + FYM @ 12t/ha; T8-50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 4t/ha: T9- 50%RDF+ FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompos @ 2t/ha: T10- 50%RDF + FYM @ 6t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5 kg/ha each).

Results: Results revealed that the treatment T10 (50% RDF +FYM @ 6 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2t/ha+ Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB @ 5kg/ha each) performed better with respect to yield attributing parameters characters such as Average bulb weight, A, B, C grade bulb percentage, days takes to harvesting, bolting percentage of bulb and double bulb Percentage.

Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial need to shift towards Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), incorporating both organic and inorganic fertilizers. This transition is essential to protect soil fertility, maintain ecosystem health, and ensure sustainable food production for future generations.
Genetic Variability Studies in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Germplasm
Authors: Nanditha H.  , Suchitra V. , Bhasker K. , Saravanan L. , Jyothi G.
Published: September 2023

An experiment was carried out at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad summer, 2023 to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance for different morphological and agronomic traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant variability among the genotypes of okra for all character’s studied. Genetic variability revealed that a lot of variation among the genotypes. In general, the lowest difference in phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation indicated lowest environmental influence in controlling the expression of the traits. Based on genetic variability studies, high PCV and GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for number of branches per plant at 60 DAS, number of branches per plant at 90 DAS, fruit yield per plant and yield per hectare indicating the existence of wider genetic variability for these traits in the germplasm under study.
Does Top Management Support Improving the Quality of Ais?
Authors: Fransisca Elza , Carolina Yenni , Rapina Rapina
Published: September 2023

There is extensive growth in Accounting Information System (AIS) utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to adapt to this situation.  Due to the great increase in the use of AIS, it is necessary to develop the quality of AIS itself to produce good quality accounting information for users. The accounting information system can be affected by many factors. This study aims to analyze the effect of top management support on the quality of the AIS. This research was conducted on fifty five private banks in Indonesia. The data was retrieved using a questionnaire distributed directly or online. This type of research is explanative research with a quantitative approach. There are two research results, namely: (1) top management support has a positive effect on the quality of the AIS, (2) the quality of the information system has a positive effect on the quality of accounting information.
Accountability and Internal Control of Religious Organizations (Study on GKPB Immanuel Tabanan)
Authors: Nalle Helena Maharina , Pradnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri Purnama , Wasita Putu Aristya Adi
Published: September 2023

Religious organizations require accountability practices in managing their funds. These accountability practices are reinforced through the implementation of internal controls. The discovery of fraud in religious organizations shows that their internal controls are weak and their management lacks accountability. This research focuses on GKPB Immanuel Tabanan, aiming to understand the implementation of accountability and internal controls in managing acquired funds. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, involving the collection of primary data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. Data validity is tested using triangulation techniques. The research shows that accountability at GKPB Immanuel Tabanan has been effective. This is evident from the assignment of tasks and responsibilities to the church administrators, clear procedures in the selection of church administrators, and the church treasurer's role in overseeing all cash expenditures. Furthermore, the church has also implemented a code of ethics. The implementation of the internal control system has been effective. Procedures for cash receipts and disbursements have been established. Steps to mitigate risks are in place. Each cash expenditure requires authorization from the relevant authorities. Information regarding the church's financial reports is presented openly and accessible to the congregation, and internal audits are being conducted. the church has also implemented a code of ethics. The implementation of the internal control system has been effective. Procedures for cash receipts and disbursements have been established. Steps to mitigate risks are in place. Each cash expenditure requires authorization from the relevant authorities. Information regarding the church's financial reports is presented openly and accessible to the congregation, and internal audits are being conducted. the church has also implemented a code of ethics. The implementation of the internal control system has been effective. Procedures for cash receipts and disbursements have been established. Steps to mitigate risks are in place. Each cash expenditure requires authorization from the relevant authorities. Information regarding the church's financial reports is presented openly and accessible to the congregation, and internal audits are being conducted
Interpersonal relationships in the nursing care of people with type 2 diabetes / Relação interpessoal no cuidado de enfermagem a pessoas com diabetes tipo 2
Authors: Nascimento de Aquino Maria de Jesus , Negreiros Francisca Diana da Silva , Souza Ana Célia Caetano de , Borges José Wicto Pereira , Moreira Tatiana Rebouças , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: September 2023

Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in nursing care and its relationship with general self- care and foot care in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: this cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at a University Hospital with 150 people with type 2 diabetes who answered the  Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing Care Questionnaire, a questionnaire on self-care activities with diabetes, and a questionnaire to assess adherence to feet self-care. Results: the results showed that the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in care ranged from moderate to high. The questionnaire scores were significant with nephropathy comorbidities, cerebrovascular accident, diet adherence, and receiving foot care guidance. Conclusion: interpersonal relationships in effective care can strengthen bonding, trust, and verbalization of feelings, improving diabetes education and adherence to self-care behaviors.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects and acceptability of larval therapy in patients with chronic wounds / Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos e aceitabilidade da terapia larval em pacientes com feridas crônicas
Authors: Nascimento Taís Paim Fidalgo do , Debelian Ana Carolina Medeiros , Yokozawa Tomás Cardoso , Azevedo Wellington Thadeu de Alcantara , Aguiar Valéria Magalhães , Lessa Cláudia Soares Santos
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with wounds and acceptability to Larval Therapy (LT). Method: Followed 15 patients with chronic wounds and recorded in clinical records. Results: Patients didn’t know LT. Ages varied (45 to 73 y.o.), were black (46.66%), white (26.66%) and yellow (20.00%), predominantly women (73.33%). They had Elementary (53.33%), High (20.00%) and Higher education (26.60%). 60% lived in Rio de Janeiro; Wounds (mean age of 6 years; mean area of 9.4 cm²) in the distal third of the legs (53.00%) and feet (47.00%), with vascular origin (40.88%), pressure (31.69%), diabetic (16.66%) and infectious ulcers (10.77%). Patients had three (20.00%), two (20.00%) or one wound (60.00%), with necrosis (80.00%), infection (37.60%), granulation (50.30%), epithelialization (15.00%), pain (54.00%) and locomotion difficulty (47.00%). Venous insufficiency as the most observed pathological antecedent. Acceptability for LT was 93.33%. Conclusion: LT is an alternative to better quality of life.
Nurse assistance in front of patients with palliativeness criteria in the Intensive Care Unit / Assistência do enfermeiro frente a pacientes com critério de paliatividade em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Pratti Lara Meira , Cano Isabele Pereira Louback , Libardi Manoela Cassa , Garcia Cíntia de Lima , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Ramos José Lucas Souza
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: descrever a assistência do profissional de enfermagem frente a pacientes com critérios de paliatividade internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão da literatura nas bases Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e PubMed. Resultados: existem critérios para os cuidados paliativos de pacientes que se encontram em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, e a enfermagem proporciona conforto e respeito para o paciente, levando cuidados não somente focados no corpo, mas nos aspectos psicossociais e de seus familiares. Conclusão: o cuidado paliativo evidenciou-se como cuidado integral voltado para indivíduos em condições terminais, com ênfase no aspecto físico, psicossocial e espiritual do indivíduo e família; qualidade de vida; cuidado baseado em uma abordagem humanística; a prioridade do cuidado sobre a cura e o apoio ao luto. Sendo a enfermagem quem assiste o paciente a todo o tempo e propicia os cuidados a serem feitos para melhorar sua qualidade de vida.
HRSA’s Patient-Centric Approach to Modernizing the US Transplant System
Authors: Doby Brianna L. , Knechtle Stuart J. , Locke Jayme E.
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the benefits of modernization efforts for the US transplant system.
Tranexamic Acid, Mortality, and Intracranial Hemorrhage Type in Moderate or Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McKinley W. Ian , Rowell Susan E. , Mansour Ali , Hoefer Lea , Polcari Ann , Schreiber Martin , Benjamin Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines the association of tranexamic acid administration with intracranial hemorrhage type, neurologic outcomes, and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation
Authors: Stock Christoph
Published: September 2023

The article contains sections titled:1Hydrogenation1.1Thermodynamics1.2Kinetics1.3Catalysts1.3.1Active Metals1.3.2Catalyst Carrier1.3.3Catalyst Additives1.3.4Catalyst Poisoning and Mechanical Destruction1.3.5Activation/Reduction of Hydrogenation Catalysts1.4Solvents and Additives1.5Hydrogenation Processes1.5.1Slurry Hydrogenation1.5.2Fixed‐Bed Liquid Hydrogenation1.5.3Vapor‐Phase Hydrogenation1.6Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation1.7Transfer Hydrogenation1.8Reduction with Complex Hydrides1.9Hydrogenation of Individual Compounds1.9.1Hydrogenation of Olefins1.9.2Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Dienes1.9.3Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings1.9.4Hydrogenation of Aldehydes1.9.5Hydrogenation of Ketones1.9.6Hydrogenation of Esters1.9.7Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids1.9.8Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds1.9.9Hydrogenation of Nitriles1.9.10Selective Hydrogenation Reactions1.9.11Homogeneous Hydrogenations2Dehydrogenations2.1Dehydrogenation Catalysts2.2Coking and Catalyst Regeneration2.3Steam Addition2.4Process Concepts2.4.1Isothermal Process2.4.2Adiabatic Process2.5Dehydrogenation of Individual Compounds2.5.1Alkane‐to‐Olefin Dehydrogenation2.5.2Dehydrogenation of AlcoholsReferences
Postcolonial Geographies
Authors: Sidaway James D.
Published: September 2023

Geography has long been caught up in imperial projects. Postcolonial geography critiques and seeks to subvert this relationship. It builds on radical antecedents in the 1970s, whereby geographers critiqued their subject's relationship with nineteenth‐century and early twentieth‐century colonialism, and examined neo‐imperialism. Since then, and increasingly since the 1990s, geographers have offered a range of postcolonial geographies that acknowledge and work through both imperial legacies and colonial pasts and presents. This work has posited postcolonial alternatives, examined structures of race and racism and challenged Eurocentrism. Increasingly the field has been supplemented by intersections with Black and Indigenous geographies amidst references to decolonial thought and projects.
Low‐Carbon Transition
Authors: Han Mengyao
Published: September 2023

Global climate change driven by increased human emissions of heat‐trapping greenhouse gases has gradually produced widespread economic and environmental negative effects. Low‐carbon transition refers to the processes by which a country or region changes from carbon‐intensive to renewable and cleaner low‐carbon industries and ways of life. Global climate targets have been set and methods of measuring carbon emissions that monitor the progress of low‐carbon transition have been established. A distinction is made between production‐ and consumption‐based carbon emissions involving the measurement of emissions embodied in trade activities. Unevenness of transitions toward low‐carbon economies and international carbon inequalities are evident. The concepts of Nationally Determined Contributions and of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality have been proposed, and some climate mitigation and adaptation strategies have gained prominence worldwide.
Digital Silk Road
Authors: Song Zhouying
Published: September 2023

The Digital Silk Road (DSR) is a very new phenomenon and initiative, and what it actually encompasses is not settled. The DSR can be viewed as the digital and information component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that seeks to promote Internet‐enabled inclusive globalization. It is, however, far more than just an infrastructure project, clearly serving a broader objective of narrowing the global digital divide. Since the DSR was first announced in 2015, the Chinese Government has promoted cooperation and business projects with BRI countries in order to promote digital connectivity with undeniable positive impacts on regional and global connectivity. Other research that is also discussed concentrates on the strategic and geopolitical implications of the DSR and its dynamic, complex, and sometimes unpredictable elements.
Anti‐Black Racism
Authors: Heitz Kaily
Published: September 2023

Anti‐Black racism is at the root of systems of racialized inequality that organize space. However, its compound effects in urban, ecological, oceanic, and virtual spaces have been understudied in Geography. Here the emergence of anti‐Black racism is explained through colonialism, capitalism, and urban development, and several examples of global resistance to oppression are presented. Such protests have been integral to the development of academic study of anti‐Black racism. Attention is given to the way that anti‐Black racism persists in carceral and policed space, environmental injustice, the way the Black Lives Matter movement emerged in response, and the creation of the subdiscipline of Black Geographies to address the gap in geographic literature on conditions of life, death, community, and dispossession in the global Black diaspora.
Populist Ecologies
Authors: Menga Filippo
Published: September 2023

The current resurgence of populist nationalism is as much an ecological phenomenon as a political, social, and economic one. In recent years, geographers have shown increased interest in the interrelationship between authoritarian populism and environmental governance, furthering understanding of what can be labeled “populist ecologies.” As geographers seek to understand how populism is reshaping humanities' relationship with nature, they question both the meaning of populism and that of nature, examining how populisms shape, and are shaped by, the increasingly ubiquitous scientific, political, and popular debates on socioecological degradation and sustainable futures in the Anthropocene.
Climate Finance
Authors: Knuth Sarah , Taylor Zac
Published: September 2023

How will climate change and its governance redraw maps of financial flows across the world, and with what implications for whom? Can the resources needed for decarbonization and adaptation to already‐arriving climate impacts be mustered at the scale and rate needed to mitigate socioecological harms and planetary destabilizations? Can they be deployed in a way that does not exacerbate pre‐existing risks and injustices, themselves often bound up in legacies of financialized extraction? Such questions, empirical and normatively inflected, are drawing growing attention from geographers. Increasingly, this questioning is coalescing around an influential, though still definitionally unsettled term and concept: climate finance.
Keyword on Black Ecologies
Authors: Williams Teona
Published: September 2023

Black ecologies as a field remerged in the mid‐2000s to document the insurgent and otherwise practices of Black eco‐relations. Black ecologies historicize the ongoing reality that Black diasporic communities are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change, polluted air, soil, and waterways, and ecological calamities from hurricanes to landslides. Yet the field of Black ecologies is also capacious enough to examine how Black ecological knowledge(s) denote environmental futures and build otherwise worlds in the here and now.
Oxidative response to accumulation of trace metals in tissue of two bivalves, the Asian green mussel Perna viridis and the blood cockle Tegillarca granosa, living in Pattani Bay, Thailand
Authors: Tanhan Phanwimol , Imsilp Kanjana , Lansubsakul Niyada , Tantiwisawaruji Sukalaya , Thong-asa Wachiryah
Published: September 2023

Objective

Using bivalves to indicate aquatic pollutants was favorable for discerning the negative effects of high levels of metal accumulation in tissue. We investigated the correlation between trace metal accumulation and the tissue oxidative response of two bivalves.

Methods

The Asian green mussel Perna viridis and the blood cockle Tegillarca granosa were sampled along with seawater and sediments from three locations around Pattani Bay, Thailand. Accumulation of nine trace metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, chromium, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc, and lead) in seawater, sediments, and tissue and the oxidative tissue response were evaluated. Metal bioaccumulation factor, biota–sediment accumulation factor, and histopathology were also indicated.

Result

The present study found that P. viridis and T. granosa were macroconcentrators and bioaccumulative of cadmium, and their tissue accumulation of cadmium was strongly related to lipid peroxidation activation. Perna viridis exhibited a higher oxidative response than T. granosa, as indicated by malondialdehyde, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that P. viridis and T. granosa were macroconcentrators and bioaccumulative of cadmium, and their tissue accumulation of cadmium was strongly related to lipid peroxidation activation. Research has shown discernible negative effects of a high level of metal accumulation in tissue, and deformed and damaged tissues were present in the gills, digestive glands, intestines, and feet of P. viridis and T. granosa.
Investigation of Stem Cell‐Like Characteristics and Immune Cell Interaction of Tumor Cells Survived from Continuous Shear Flow Environment
Authors: Huang Chia‐Hao , Pai Ping‐Ching , Lei Kin Fong
Published: September 2023

When tumor cells are released from a primary tumor into the bloodstream or lymphatic circulation system, they are exposed to a continuous shear flow environment. This environment exerts physical stresses on the tumor cells, which can activate apoptotic pathways. However, certain tumor cells have the ability to adapt to these mechanical stresses, enhancing their likelihood of survival and promoting metastasis. In this study, these tumor cells survived from shear flow environment are examined and revealed to closely link to stem cell‐like characteristics. Higher gene expression levels of self‐renewal and differentiation markers and enhanced abilities of migration, spheroid formation, and colony formation are shown. Moreover, the interaction between immune cells and the surviving cells is investigated. The results show that the surviving cells possess immune escape capabilities, implying their ability to evade immune surveillance. Additionally, these surviving cells display characteristics reminiscent of stem cells. This study holds great importance in advancing the understanding of tumor biology. By comprehending the behavior and properties of these surviving cells, new therapeutic strategies can be developed to specifically target circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and enhance cancer treatment outcomes.
Introducing Metal–Organic Frameworks to Melt Electrowriting: Multifunctional Scaffolds with Controlled Microarchitecture for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Mansi Salma , Dummert Sarah V. , Topping Geoffrey J. , Hussain Mian Zahid , Rickert Carolin , Mueller Kilian M. A. , Kratky Tim , Elsner Martin , Casini Angela , Schilling Franz , Fischer Roland A. , Lieleg Oliver , Mela Petra
Published: September 2023

Scaffolds with multiple advantageous biological and structural properties are still a challenge in the field of tissue engineering. The convergence of advanced fabrication techniques and functional materials is key to fulfill this need. Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technique that enables the fabrication of microfibrous scaffolds with precisely defined microarchitectures. Here, it is proposed to exploit metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to efficiently introduce multifunctionalities by combining polycaprolactone (PCL), the gold standard material in MEW, with a silver‐/silver‐chloride‐decorated iron‐based MOF (NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe)). This results in highly ordered constructs with antibacterial properties and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visibility. Scaffolds with up to 20 wt% MOF are successfully melt‐electrowritten with a fiber diameter of 50 µm. Among these, 5 wt% MOF proves to be the optimal concentration as it exhibits silver‐induced sustained antibacterial efficacy while maintaining PCL cytocompatibility and in vitro immune response. The iron component of the MOF (Fe(III) nodes) renders the composite visible with MRI, thereby enabling scaffold monitoring upon implantation with a clinically accepted method. The combination of MEW and MOFs as tunable additives and cargo carriers opens the way for designing advanced multifunctional scaffolds with a wide range of applications in, e.g., tissue engineering, biosensing and drug delivery.
Defect‐Induced Electron Redistribution between Pt‐N3S1 Single Atomic Sites and Pt Clusters for Synergistic Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production with Ultra‐High Mass Activity
Authors: Wang Minmin , Feng Chao , Mi Wanliang , Guo Mengdi , Guan Zekun , Li Min , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Liu Yunqi , Pan Yuan
Published: September 2023

A N, S co‐doped carbon with abundant vacancy defects (NSC) anchored Pt single atoms (SAs) and nanoclusters (NCs) derived from coal pitch by a self‐assembly‐pyrolysis strategy is reported and a defect‐induced electron redistribution effect based on Pt SAs‐Pt NCs/NSC catalyst is proposed for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The optimized catalyst featuring Pt‐N3S1 SAs and Pt NCs dual active sites exhibit excellent HER activity with an overpotential of 192 mV at a current density of 400 mA cm−2, a turnover frequency of 30.1 s−1 at an overpotential of 150 mV, which the mass activity is 13716 mA mgPt−1, 7.4 times higher than that of 20% Pt/C catalyst. In situ Raman revealsa direct correlation between the defect structure of the catalyst and hydrogen adsorption during the reaction process. Density functional theory calculation shows the defect‐induced electron redistribution between Pt‐N3S1 SAs and Pt NCs. The electrons are transferred from Pt NCs to Pt SAs, which increases the number of electrons on the surface of Pt SAs and enhances the adsorption ability of H+. Meanwhile, the dissociation ability of H* on the Pt NCs is promoted, thus synergistically promoting the HER process.
Scaling‐Up Insights for Zinc–Air Battery Technologies Realizing Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Shinde Sambhaji S. , Wagh Nayantara K. , Lee Chi Ho , Kim Dong‐Hyung , Kim Sung‐Hae , Um Han‐Don , Lee Sang Uck , Lee Jung‐Ho
Published: September 2023

Zinc–air battery (ZAB) technology is considered one of the promising candidates to complement the existing lithium‐ion batteries for future large‐scale high‐energy‐storage demands. The scientific literature reveals many efforts for the ZAB chemistries, materials design, and limited accounts for cell design principles with apparently superior performances for liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. However, along with the difficulty of forming robust solid‐electrolyte interphases, the discrepancy in testing methods and assessment metrics severely challenges the realistic evaluation/comparison and commercialization of ZABs. Here, strategies to formulate reversible zinc anodes are proposed and specific cell‐level energy metrics (100−500 Wh kg−1) and realistic long‐cycling operations are realized. Stabilizing anode/electrolyte interfaces results in a cumulative capacity of 25 Ah cm−2 and Coulomb efficiency of >99.9% for 5000 plating/stripping cycles. Using 1–10 Ah scale (≈500 Wh kg−1 at cell level) solid‐state zinc–air pouch cells, scale‐up insights for Ah‐level ZABs that can progress from lab‐scale research to practical production are also offered.
Exciton Chirality Transfer Empowers Self‐Triggered Spin‐Polarized Amplified Spontaneous Emission from 1D‐Anchoring‐3D Perovskites
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Wang Kang , Zhang Tongjin , Liu Haidi , Ren Ang , Ren Shizhe , Li Penghao , Zhang Chuang , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: September 2023

Spin‐polarized lasers, arising from stimulated emission of imbalanced spin populations, play a vital role in spin‐optoelectronics. It is usually tackled by external spin injection, inevitably suffering from additional losses across the barriers from injection sources to gain materials. Herein, spin‐polarized coherent light emission is self‐triggered from the 1D‐anchoring‐3D perovskites, where the imbalanced populations in achiral 3D perovskites are endowed with the spin selectivity of exciton chirality (EC) underpinned by chiral 1D perovskites. Efficient transfer of EC is enabled by rapid energy transfer, thereby creating an imbalance of the spin population of excited states. Stimulated emission of such populations brings self‐triggered spin‐polarized amplified spontaneous emission in the composite perovskites, yielding a higher degree of polarization (DOP) than that based on optical spin injection into bare achiral 3D perovskites. Chemical diversity of composite perovskites not only enables to adjust band gap for broadband output of spin‐polarized light signals but also promises to manipulate radiative decay and spin relaxation toward remarkably increased DOP. These results highlight the importance of EC transfer mechanism for spin‐polarized lasing and represent a crucial step toward the development of chiral‐spintronics.
All‐Around HfO2 Stressor for Tensile Strain in GeSn‐on‐Insulator Nanobeam Lasers
Authors: Joo Hyo‐Jun , Kim Youngmin , Chen Melvina , Burt Daniel , Zhang Lin , Son Bongkwon , Luo Manlin , Ikonic Zoran , Lee Chulwon , Cho Yong‐Hoon , Tan Chuan Seng , Nam Donguk
Published: September 2023

Tensile strained GeSn alloys are considered a key enabler for the realization of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor laser sources. However, the tensile strained GeSn lasers reported to date require complex fabrication processes for applying tensile strain in GeSn, preventing tensile GeSn lasers from becoming the mainstream technology for integrated photonics. Here, a unique strain engineering method is presented that can introduce a uniform tensile strain in GeSn lasers by harnessing a widely developed atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. 1D photonic crystal nanobeam lasers under homogenous tensile strain induced by an ALD HfO2 all‐around stressor layer show a single‐mode lasing peak with a ≈31 nm redshift and ≈2 times intensity increase. The lasing threshold of tensile strained GeSn lasers is ≈12% improved compared to the unstrained GeSn lasers. It is believed that the approach offers a new path toward the realization of practical group‐IV laser sources for photonic‐integrated circuits.
Endothelial Cell‐Derived Lactate Triggers Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Histone Lactylation to Attenuate Osteoporosis
Authors: Wu Jinhui , Hu Miao , Jiang Heng , Ma Jun , Xie Chong , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Xin , Zhao Jianquan , Tao Zhengbo , Meng Yichen , Cai Zhuyun , Song Tengfei , Zhang Chenglin , Gao Rui , Cai Chang , Song Hongyuan , Gao Yang , Lin Tao , Wang Ce , Zhou Xuhui
Published: September 2023

Blood vessels play a role in osteogenesis and osteoporosis; however, the role of vascular metabolism in these processes remains unclear. The present study finds that ovariectomized mice exhibit reduced blood vessel density in the bone and reduced expression of the endothelial glycolytic regulator pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Endothelial cell (EC)‐specific deletion of Pkm2 impairs osteogenesis and worsens osteoporosis in mice. This is attributed to the impaired ability of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts. Mechanistically, EC‐specific deletion of Pkm2 reduces serum lactate levels secreted by ECs, which affect histone lactylation in BMSCs. Using joint CUT&Tag and RNA sequencing analyses, collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) as osteogenic genes regulated by histone H3K18la lactylation are identified. PKM2 overexpression in ECs, lactate addition, and exercise restore the phenotype of endothelial PKM2‐deficient mice. Furthermore, serum metabolomics indicate that patients with osteoporosis have relatively low lactate levels. Additionally, histone lactylation and related osteogenic genes of BMSCs are downregulated in patients with osteoporosis. In conclusion, glycolysis in ECs fuels BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts through histone lactylation, and exercise partially ameliorates osteoporosis by increasing serum lactate levels.