bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE DESIGN OF MODERN CONCERT BUILDINGS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yaryomenko I. S.
Published: May 2023

An important role in the functioning of the city and the formation of its center is played by entertainment facilities with concert and theater halls. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of designing and building concert halls over the past two decades and to identify current trends in functional planning and architectural and compositional solutions for these facilities. Concert halls continue to be an actual type of building, which is confirmed by the construction of many new modern facilities around the world. In the classification of concert facilities, not only specialized and universal concert buildings are distinguished, but also universal entertainment buildings, as well as multi-purpose buildings designed for concerts and other types of spectacles, including sports and leisure events. As the analysis of the design and construction practice of the last two decades shows, the most common are universal concert and universal entertainment buildings. Specialized concert halls are quite rare, and multi-purpose entertainment facilities have not been built in recent years. Among modern concert buildings there are examples of objects with one auditorium and several halls. The predominant part is made up of multi-hall facilities with 2-4 auditoriums. Large halls are equipped with stages, arena stages, less often with portal deep stages with the possibility of raising and lowering scenery, which is typical for complexes with concert and theater halls. Techniques are used to transform the orchestra pit and the floor of the stalls. A characteristic feature of many modern solutions for concert buildings is the presence of additional accompanying groups of premises – exhibition, museum, educational, information, trade, etc.
PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dmytrik N. O. , Bogomolov O. E. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: May 2023

The article deals with issues related to the occurrence of renovation (late 90s of the 20th century). World practice shows that depressed industrial areas should be considered as territorial capital. Also, the law «On Regulation of Town Planning Activities» (2011) and the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine «On the Concept of Sustainable Development of Settlements of Ukraine» (1999) demand more efficient use of urban areas and the creation of a favorable ecology. The formation of multifunctional complexes in the conditions of renovation of industrial facilities allows to effectively solve the problems of the modern city at all levels of the urban planning hierarchy - from large districts to a separate building; as an urban development attractor, the multifunctional complexes is one of the catalysts capable of contributing to the improvement of the structure of the urban fabric. Identifying the main principles of the formation of multifunctional complexes based on the renovation of the industrial facilities is an important task for taking further actions to solve this problem. The main principles of the architectural and planning organization of the multifunctional complexes under the conditions of renovation are formulated. These principles are: the principle of «adaptability», which consists in creating urban planning accessibility of the object and ensuring integrability, solving energy security and energy efficiency issues, creating a flexible planning structure and universality of its individual elements; the principle of «inheritance of cultural codes» aimed at preserving industrial artifacts (material level) and creating a legend of the object (intangible level), as well as carrying out museification of individual areas of the renovation object; the principle of «cooperation of the functions of the information and distribution space» aimed at the organization of a barrier-free architectural environment, the availability of additional services, ensuring the possibility of transformation for exhibition, communication and other functions.
CARGOTECTURE: THE MODULAR EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kyselova G. V. , Kyselov V. M. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lisova A. P. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: May 2023

In connection with the global challenges that arise humanity in the 21st century, humanity continues to look for ways to reduce the costs of building housing and sub-housing. As an alternative option, more and more often standard sea containers are used, suitable for both permanent and temporary accommodation. The material of the article provides experience and general characteristics of housing from sea containers and its construction. Over the past two decades, the trade imbalance between Asia and Europe on one side and North America on the other has been the main cause of the abundance and relative cheapness of shipping containers (SCs), as such containers carry manufactured goods to North America from Asia and, to a lesser extent, from Europe. Instead of ship empty containers back to Asia and Europe at considerable expense, manufacturing new containers is considered more economic. Once these containers have served their purpose, they are thus stored at seaports in large numbers before they are recycled as scrap or reused as spatial modules in architecture. The Reuse of SCs for architectural purposes is not limited to certain types of buildings but extends from small private homes to skyscrapers. SCs offer infinite possible assemblies based on their modularity and are used for all types of buildings, social, domestic, and commercial. The SC goes a step further compared to traditional masonry, with longer cantilevers originating from its structural composition. As a relatively untapped trend, SCs can be slotted into a structure, and this integration creates a new symbiosis. In this article, based on an analysis of world experience, the prospects for building from sea containers are presented. The advantages and disadvantages, as well as the features of such buildings and structures are considered. The container specifies a specific module that imposes a restriction on the construction. But even so, the world resource of this material for creativity and construction is practically unlimited. One factor that has made it easier for the architecture and construction industry to accept the container as a building element is the fact that millions of containers are decommissioned every year. The balance of trade in many Western countries, which import more goods than they export, means that many containers remain in warehouses and are not used. Cost savings and space savings are also an advantage of the new approach.
PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE COOPERATIVE FORM OF OPERATION IN THE FORMATION OF SPORTS COMPLEXES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kravtsov D. S.
Published: May 2023

This article is devoted to the issue of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby residential areas. Our interest in this question is based on the problem of low involvement of the population of Ukraine in physical culture and sports, as well as the lack of capacity of the existing network of sports facilities of the country. Considered several scientific papers in which the question of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby areas. It is noted that the sports facilities of educational institutions make up a large part of the network of sports facilities of the country. However, most of the existing educational institutions sporting facilities have been built without taking into account the possibility of use by different groups of people. The article considers several characteristic features of such sports facilities that make their use by residents of nearby areas inconvenient. Both the functional aspect (the location of the object in the back of the site; location of sports halls on the upper or basement floors of educational buildings, etc.), and the semantic (expressiveness and informativeness of the environment) and aesthetic aspects are considered. The question of the motivational capacity of higher education institutions' sports complexes is raised. The modern state of a network of sports facilities at higher educational institutions is considered. The question of the negative influence of their obsolete and in need of repair condition on the motivation of visitors and the effectiveness of the process of physical education on their basis is highlighted. Insufficient attention to the issue of cooperative operation of the sports complex of higher educational institutions by other groups of the population is noted. In particular, the question of taking this form of operation into account when calculating the simultaneous capacity of a higher education institution's sports complex remains unclear. This issue requires further study.
FEATURES OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THEATER BUILDINGS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Pankratov V. M.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to a thematic study of the history of the emergence and development of the architecture of theater buildings as a specific area of architectural creativity. Theater buildings have always been located, and are located today, in the public centers of large cities and urban agglomerations. These buildings perform an important cultural and educational function and are distinguished by architectural uniqueness and originality. They play an important organizing role in the architectural ensembles of city streets and squares, emphasizing the prospects of avenues and boulevards. The article gives examples of theatrical buildings of antiquity, the Renaissance, the classical period and theatrical buildings of recent years. The image of the theater of Dionysus in Athens, on the slope of the Athenian acropolis, is used as an image of an ancient theatrical building. The most characteristic example of the Italian Renaissance theater is the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza, designed by Andrea Palladio in 1580. In the interior of the theater, Palladio imitated the open space of Greek amphitheaters and the architectural style of ancient Rome. The Odessa Opera House can serve as an example of the development of the achievements of theatrical architecture of the 19th century. The most achievements of theatrical architecture of the 19th century. The most striking example of the theater of the 20th century is the Sydney Opera House – a symbol of new architecture created based on new building technologies. The 21st century is represented by more modern buildings: the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, the Poly Grand Theater in Shanghai, the New Philharmonic in Paris. Each building is a certain iconic phenomenon in the history of architecture and opens up new perspectives for rethinking the historical experience of the formation of such buildings. The architects made the most of the entire set of expressive means in order to draw the viewer's attention to the external appearance of the theater. Creating a background for the perception of a theatrical production and forming a sense of the continuity of the cultural space of theatrical art.
FEATURES OF DESIGNING ACTIVE SOLAR ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Malashenkova V. O. , Verzhbytska P. V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: May 2023

The article examines the features of designing and building active solar architecture. Modernity is increasingly in need of energy-efficient construction. Exhaustion of resources and their travel is a problem, the solution of which is adopted by many innovative branches and links of construction. In the 21st century, solving the issue of energy efficiency has many creative and effective variations. Focusing on clean and renewable energy from the sun is one of the ways to overcome the energy crisis. This is an active solar architecture. Active solar architecture incorporates the idea of harnessing the sun's renewable energy, turning it into clean electricity that covers the user's problems. The article provides several examples of the practice of construction of active solar buildings in different countries. Undoubtedly, active solar architecture attracts more and more users to purchase this type of real estate. In this regard, more and more offices and construction companies are focusing on this type of architecture. A list of benefits of active solar architecture meets environmental and energy-efficient needs. The modern design of such buildings corresponds to today's stylistic and aesthetic trends. The shape and silhouette of these buildings varies from traditional to postmodern trends. The concept of solar architecture represents the idea of renewable energy and the autonomy of the architectural unit. Self-sufficiency in electricity and automation of the organization of the internal climate, creating comfortable conditions for a person to stay – the key purpose of active solar architecture. Its purpose is not only to organize maximum autonomous comfort, but also to reduce the negative impact on the environment as much as possible. This sets another goal for the energy-efficient design of solar architecture – directly to be comfortable and least harmful. The main requirements for the quality and aesthetics of solar design depend on current requirements and global trends. Saving electricity is one of them. The opportunity not only to save money, but also to obtain a material monetary interest from energy production. Such implementation exists in Denmark, where a state program was organized to encourage energy-efficient autonomy of buildings and structures. First of all, most European countries are developing or already follow state programs of this kind.
Alopesi Areata ile Depresyon İlişkisi
Authors: ERBUDAK ASLAN Işınsu , ZABCI Neslihan , ATIŞ Güldehan
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada Alopesi Areata ile depresyon arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemi Alopesi Areata tanısı almış 15 kişi ve Alopesi Areata tanısı almamış 15 kişi olmak üzere toplam 30 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü onam formu, sosyodemografik bilgi formu, yarı yapılandırılmış psikanalitik yönelimli öngörüşme formu, Rorschach Mürekkep Lekeleri Testi ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Mann Whitney U testi ile analiz edilmiştir. İki grup arasında Beck Depresyon Envanteri puanları incelendiğinde, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İki grup arasında, depresif endişeyi ölçmek için Rorschach Mürekkep Lekeleri Testi’nde belirlenen Dbl, Ad+Hd, C’, F+/-, E yanıtları arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Rorschach Mürekkep Lekeleri Testi’nin erken dönem anne imgesine gönderme yapan kartları niteliksel olarak incelendiğinde güven vermeyen, korkutucu içerikte anne imgesi yanıtları tespit edilmiştir. Manik savunmalara ve bedenselleştirmeye başvurma davranışlarını ölçmek için belirlenen kob, C, CF, anatomi yanıtları arasında da iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, bakım verenin erken dönem kapsayıcı işlevlerindeki yetersizlikler sonucu ortaya çıkan depresif endişe ile Alopesi Areata semptomları ilişkilidir.
Bergen’in Seslendirdiği Şarkıların Şema Terapinin Bazı Temel Kavramları Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: DUMAN Ayşenaz Ekin
Published: May 2023

Müzik, insanların duygularını, düşüncelerini, temel inançlarını, beklentilerini ve iç konuşmalarını dışarıya aktarmalarını sağlayan önemli bir araçtır. Şarkı sözleri, eseri oluşturan ve seslendiren kişinin duyguları ile düşüncelerini yansıtmakta ve her insan bu sözlerde kendinden bir parça bulabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, önemli bir arabesk/fantezi müzik sanatçısı olan Bergen’in seslendirdiği şarkıların, şema terapinin bazı temel kavramları açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 8 Mart 2022’de Bergen’in anısına oluşturulmuş olup pek çok sanatçı tarafından yeniden seslendirilen “Saygı Albümü: Bergen” albümündeki 8 arabesk şarkı, erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar ve uyumsuz başa çıkma modları açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, analiz edilen şarkı sözlerinde duygusal yoksunluk, terk edilme, karamsarlık, kendini feda, cezalandırıcılık, duyguların bastırılması ve güvensizlik şemalarını yansıtan ifadelerin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, şarkı sözlerinde kaçıngan korungan, teslimci ve kendine acıma olmak üzere üç farklı başa çıkma modunun yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların şarkı sözlerinde bulunma sıklıkları incelendiğinde, en fazla karamsarlık, duygusal yoksunluk, cezalandırıcılık ve güvensizlik şemalarını temsil eden ifadelerin yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış, araştırmacılara ve ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına yönelik çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Eczema Patients’ Skin as a Projection of Psychic Processes
Authors: GÖÇER ÖNAL Kübra , YAVUZ SEVER Ayşe Elif
Published: May 2023

This paper presented psychoanalytic evaluations of the psychic processes of chronic eczema patients. Issues related to skin-ego construction, body-related anxieties, and barrier-penetration variables were evaluated by testing three hypotheses. Semi-structured interviews and the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Tests were applied. The skin is a meaningful interface between the body and the psyche. In various skin diseases, mental factors seem to accompany the physical symptoms. Didier Anzieu’s skin ego theory emphasizes the importance of the first experience between the mother and infant through the skin. Maternal capacity for practices such as handling and holding constructs the child’s ego. Deficiencies in these areas might cause disruptions in ego and skin-ego development, as supported by the results of the present study. In addition, body-related anxieties were discussed in this paper with a psychosomatic psychoanalytic approach. Anxieties related to the inner body and the maintenance of bodily integrity were identified among eczema patients. Finally, Fisher and Cleveland’s work on individuals’ barrier and penetration variables was used to determine the relevant variables for eczema patients. The dynamics of both barrier and penetration were among the presented findings.
Terapötik Bir Araç Olarak Yas ile İlgili Çocuk Kitapları: Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: ARSLAN Arif
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı yas ile ilgili çocuk kitaplarının içeriklerini incelemektir. Çocuk kitapları belirlenirken amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda; (1) içeriğin yas ile ilgili olması, (2) kahraman bakış açısıyla yazılmış olması ve (3) 5-11 yaş arasına uygun olması ölçütlerini karşılayan 10 çocuk kitabı seçilmiştir. MAXQDA programı kullanılarak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Tüm kodlar uyum süreciyle ilgili bileşenler, yas tepkileriyle ilgili bileşenler ve kayıpla ilgili bileşenler olmak üzere üç ana tema altında toplanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda kitaplardaki ifadelerin en çok bilişsel tepkiler (n = 47) koduyla kodlandığı görülmektedir. Duygusal tepkiler (n = 30) ve sosyal destek (n = 17) en sık kullanılan diğer kodlardır. Ayrıca kitaplardaki çizimler incelendiğinde ise üzüntü duygusunu ve sosyal desteği yansıtan çizimlerin kitaplarda daha çok yer aldığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak yas sürecini ele alan çocuk kitaplarının özellikle küçük yaş gruplarında ölümü anlamlandırma ve duygusal farkındalık gibi konularda ruh sağlığı uzmanları tarafından terapötik bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
A Study for Scale Development: War Trauma Exposure Scale
Authors: ÖZÜORÇUN KÜÇÜKERTAN Nurten , KARANCI Ayşe Nuray
Published: May 2023

Despite being widely studied, research only deals with consequences of war. While assessing war effects, the existing instruments take war as a general trauma, simply ask about its existence and skip to the consequences. Thus, there is a gap in assessing what experiences the survivor went through. Aim of the study is to develop a scale that will enable understanding war experiences qualitatively, and also evaluate the impact of them quantitatively, named as War Trauma Exposure Scale (WTES). This study was carried out as part of a thesis (Author), with Turkish Cypriot women in North Cyprus (N = 168) considering Cyprus War. Three phases were followed: interview, pilot study, and psychometric examination. At psychometric investigation, factor analysis revealed three-factor solution: “Negative Emotions”, “Exposure to Violence”, and “Loss”. The overall reliability of WTES was good (r = .91). Both, Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) and the scale were gathered under the same factor with 75.68% variance. Scale showed significant correlations with other related constructs. ANOVA supported that the scale was parallel to IES-R. Chi-square fit test (χ²) revealed a good fit. Consequently, the scale is relatively valid and reliable for measuring war-related exposure despite limitations. WTES, is a distinct one since (1) it directly focuses on war-trauma, (2) lists 23 real war-trauma exposures to be identified, (3) asks the survivor’s war experience and (4) assess its influence. Therefore, unlike existing scales to assess war-trauma, WTES helps to understand unique exposure of the war-survivor and assess the psychological impact these exposures.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Somatizasyon Eğiliminin Yordanmasında Stresle Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri, Genel Öz Yeterlik İnancı ve Bilişsel Esnekliğin Rolü
Authors: DOĞAN YATAR Merve , ÖZDEN YILDIRIM Melis Seray
Published: May 2023

Somatizasyon, zorlayıcı dışsal faktörlerin ya da bireylerin iç çatışmalarının yarattığı olumsuz duyguların beden üzerinden deneyimlenmesi ve ifade edilmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Somatizasyonun tanılanması için öncelikle ilgili olabilecek organik hastalıkların elimine edilmesi gerektiği için kişilerin sağlık kuruluşlarında geçirdikleri zaman artmakta ve belirtilerin getirdiği rahatsızlıkların sürmesi nedeniyle bireysel ve sosyal yaşamları olumsuz bir şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle somatizasyon eğilimi ile ilgili olabilecek demografik özelliklerin bilinmesinin tanı koyma sürecinde yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, somatizasyon eğiliminin kişilerin sorun çözme süreçlerindeki işlevsel olmayan davranışları ve tutumlarından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Bu savın araştırılması amacıyla Türkiye’deki üniversite öğrencileri evreninden rastgele seçilen 353 üniversite öğrencisinden veri toplanmış ve ilişkisel araştırma modeli kullanılan araştırmada veriler SPSS Paket Programı kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmada sonuç olarak somatizasyon eğiliminin cinsiyet, gelir düzeyi ve kardeş sayısı değişkenlerinin alt gruplarına göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Somatizasyon eğiliminin stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerini kullanma, genel öz yeterlik ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleriyle negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bilişsel esneklik ve sosyal destek arama yöntemi ise somatizasyon eğilimi üzerinde yordayıcı rolü olan değişkenler olarak bulunmuştur.
Menopozal Süreçte Zihinselleştirme Kapasitesi ve Determinantları
Authors: KANDEMİR Fatma , İKİZ Tevfika
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada, premenopozal evre (PRME), postmenopozal erken evre (POMEE) ve postmenopozal geç evredeki (POMGE) kadınların zihinselleştirme kapasiteleri bakımından karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma, her grupta 10 kişi olmak üzere, toplam 30 kadınla projektif testlerden Rorschach Testi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların hangi menopozal evrede oldukları, Demografik ve Menstürel Bilgi Formunda yer alan ilgili sorulara verdikleri cevaplara göre belirlenmiştir. Rorschach testinden elde edilen verilerin analizinde, nicel ve nitel analizden oluşan, mix metod kullanılmıştır. Zihinselleştirme kapasitesini değerlendirmek için, araştırmanın amacı göz önüne alınarak, dört temel determinant belirlenmiş. Bu doğrultuda; bedensel duyumların ve cinsel dürtünün, kaybın, kadınsı ve anneliğe dair imgelerin, hoşnutsuzluk yaratan duygulanımların ve de içsel çatışmaların zihinselleştirilmesi açısından evreler arası bir farklılaşma olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre PRME ve POMEE’de olmakla zihinselleştirme kapasitesinde gözlenen yetersizlikler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Öte yandan POMGE ile birlikte zihinselleştirme kapasitesinde pozitif yönde bir artış görülmüştür. PRME ve POMEE arasındaki farklılaşma ise daha çok içerik analizinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Zihinselleştirme kapasitesinin alt determinantları açısından karşılaştırıldığında, cinsel dürtünün zihinselleştirilmesi bakımından en fazla POMEEG’de sorun yaşandığı görülmüştür. Kadınsı ve anneliğe dair imgelerin zihinsel olarak işlenebilmesi açısından en fazla zorlanan grubun ise PRMEG olduğu gözlenmiştir. Üreme kaybı nedeniyle yaşanan depresif duygulanımı zihinsel olarak işlemekte en fazla zorlanan grup POMEEG iken yaklaşan üreme kaybı nedeniyle yaşanan kayıp endişesini veya yaygın bedensel endişeleri zihinsel olarak işlemekte en fazla zorlanan grubun PREMEG olduğu görülmüştür. İçsel çatışmalarla yüzleşebilme ve bu çatışmaları iyi bir şekilde zihinselleştirebilme açısından ise POMGE lehine pozitif yönde anlamlı bir farklılaşma tespit edilmiştir. Determinantlar açısından evreler arası görülen farklılaşmaların nasıl yorumlanabileceği, makalenin son kısmında tartışılmıştır.
Spor Yaralanmalarında EMDR Terapisinin İşlevselliği: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: SEYDAOĞULLARI Ömer , SARI İhsan
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, spor yaralanması sonrası gerçekleştirilen EMDR terapisinin sporcunun psikolojik becerileri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi ve uygulanan terapiye yönelik sporcunun görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, EMDR yöntemi ile ele alınmış bir olgu sunumu bulunmaktadır. Olgu 15 yaşında, müsabaka sırasında dizinden yaralanan erkek bir sporcudur. Sporcu, yaşadığı yaralanma nedeniyle fizyoterapist ile normal tedavisine ek olarak kendisi için planlanan EMDR seanslarına katılmıştır. Sporcu, haftada bir olmak üzere her biri 45-90 dakika aralığında süren 5 seansa katılmıştır. Sporcuya tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında Sportif Sorunlarla Başa Çıkma Becerileri Envanteri ve Psikolojik Performans Stratejileri Testi uygulanmıştır. Tamamlanan 5 seans sonunda, sporcu ile ayrıca bireysel görüşme gerçekleştirilerek süreç hakkındaki deneyimleri belirlenmiştir. Uygulama sonrasında sporcunun konsantrasyon, baskı altında yüksek performans, zorluklarla baş etme, güven ve başarı güdüsü ile duygusal kontrol, imgeleme, aktivasyon, dikkat kontrolü ve gevşeme puanlarında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan görüşmede ise sporcu uygulama öncesinde yaralanması ile ilgili endişe, üzüntü, pişmanlık, suçluluk ve zayıflık hissettiğini belirtirken, EMDR seanslarını tamamladıktan sonra olumlu düşünme, terapinin etkisine inanma, rahatlama, konsantrasyon, kendini suçlamama, doğru nefes alıp verme, kendini kontrol edebilme, duyarsızlaştırma ve daha güçlü hissetme alanlarında gelişim sağladığını belirtmiştir. Sonuç olarak EMDR terapisinin, spor yaralanmaları sonrası sporcunun psikolojik becerilerini olumlu olarak etkileyebileceği ve uygulama sonucunda sporcunun birçok alanda olumlu deneyimler yaşadığı söylenebilir.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Mixing of Three Solids Different in Density by an Air Fluidized Bed
Authors: H. Sulaymon Abbas , Habeb Salman Rasha
Published: May 2023

Three cohesionless free flowing materials of different density were mixed in an air fluidized bed to study the mixing process by calculating performance of mixing index according to Rose equation (1959) and to study the effect of four variables (air velocity, mixing time, particle size of trace component and concentration of trace component) on the mixing index and as well as on mixing performance. It was found that mixing index increases with increasing the air velocity, mixing time and concentration of trace component until the optimum value. Mixing index depends on the magnitude of difference in particle size The first set of experiments (salt then sand then cast iron) give higher mixing index and better performance of mixing than the second set of experiments (sand then salt then cast iron). Box-Willson method was used to minimize number of experiments and to represent the relationship between the variables.
Effect of Promoters on the Catalytic Activity of the Iosmerization Catalyst
Authors: A.K. Mohammed Abdul-Halim , Gaib Marwan , Nasief Abbass Mohammed
Published: May 2023

The crystalline zeolite, namely faujasite type Y with SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio of 5 was used as raw material for preparation of isomerization catalysts. A 0.5 wt % Pt/HY-zeolite catalyst was prepared by impregnation of the decationized HY-zeolite with chloroplatinic acid. The dectionized HY-zeolite was treated with HCl, HNO3 and HI promoters using different normalities and with different concentrations of Sn, Ni and Ti promoters by impregnation method to obtain acidic and metallic promoters' catalysts, respectively. A 0.5 wt% of Pt was added to above catalysts using impregnation method. Isomerization of n-hexane was carried out at different prepared catalysts. The isomerization temperature varied from 250–325° C over weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 1.6 h-1. The pressure and hydrogen to feed mole ratio were kept constant at 1bar and 2 mol/mol, respectively. The comparison between the above prepared catalysts shows that the total isomer yield during the process with Sn-Pt /HY- zeolite catalyst was higher than the other catalysts and, reached to 63.95% vol. A 0.5 wt% of W and Zr was added to Sn-Pt/HY-zeolite catalyst by impregnation method to obtain W and Zr co-metal promoters catalysts. Isomerization of n-hexane was investigated using W and Zr co-metal promoters catalyst at the same operating conditions and the yield of isomers reached to 81.14% vol.and 79.07%vol.,respectively.
Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol from Local Raw Material
Authors: K. Haweel Cecelia , H. Ammar Saad
Published: May 2023

Polyvinyl alcohol, (PVA) was prepared using polyvinyl acetate emulsion (manufactured by Al-Jihad factory,That-Al-Sawary Company) as a local raw material. In this investigation, polyvinyl acetate emulsion was converted tosolid form by coagulation the polymer from its emulsion using sodium sulphate salt as coagulant aid, then alcoholyzedthe solid polyvinyl acetate in methanol using sodium hydroxide as catalyst, polyvinyl alcohol produced by this method isa dry, white to yellow powder.Three affecting variables on the degree of hydrolysis of PVA were studied, these variable are Catalyst topolymer weight ratio in the range of 0.01 – 0.06, reaction time in the range of 20 – 90 min, and reaction temperature inthe range of 25 – 50 oC. The effect of degree of hydrolysis of PVA produced on its properties such as water solubilityand degree of polymerization were studied also.Finally the alcoholysis reaction kinetics were studied to determine the reaction constants such as initial rateconstant and degree of autocatalytic effect of the alcoholysis reaction. It was found that the degree of hydrolysis offormed polyvinyl alcohol increase with increasing of variables catalyst concentration, reaction time and reactiontemperature, furthermore, the water solubility of PVA increase with increasing degree of hydrolysis up to about 87 %after this value the solubility is decrease, also the degree of polymerization of PVA decrease with increasing of degree ofhydrolysis up to about 89 %.
Experimental Studies on the Benification of Fine Solids by Forth Flotation
Authors: Yousif Abdul-ahad Muna
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the experiments were carried out in laboratory flotation cell treating solid fines. The effect of variables such as collector oil dosage, pine oil dosage and solid content of the feed slurry have been investigated on the flotation characteristics of low rank coal. Attempts have also been made to develop some empirical Eq. to predict the yield and ash content of concentrate with the operating variables, solids concentration, collector oil dosage, and pine oil dosage, to estimate the recovery at any operating conditions. The calculated results obtained from regression equation by correlating the variables with the yield and ash content of concentrate have been compared to study whether calculated values match closely with the experimental values by using F test at any level of significance.
Characteristic Performance of Deionized Columns
Authors: D. Al-Sabti Matheel , W. Kasser Nahidh , Y. Hussein Mudhafar
Published: May 2023

The reclamation of makeup water is studied in terms of breakthrough time (i.e., the leakage of the cations). Makeup water was subjected to lab-scale ion exchangers of two types: strong acid cation and weak base anion exchanger. The experimental investigation was directed to study the ion exchanger performance in terms of four different parameters (i.e., copper concentration, total dissolved solids (TDS), feed rate and bed depth). Box-Wilson composite rotatable design was adopted in designing the experiments. Breakthrough times of the effluent stream are measured in terms of copper concentration of 2 to 25 ppm, TDS concentration of 250 to 1250 ppm, feed rate of 0.38 to 5.34 l/h and bed depth of 5 to 70 cm. Simulation the effect of the studied variables through their pre-designed ranges in terms of breakthrough time was done by 2nd order polynomial equation. In general, the performance and characteristic of adopting two bed deionizers (cation and anion beds) was efficiently recommended to remove the ionic contaminants and not less than 95 % of wastewater is recycled.
Studying the Effect of H2SO4/H2O Ratio on the Properties of Positive Electrode in Lead-acid Battery
Authors: S. Hussain Muslet , A.K. Jabbar Sundos
Published: May 2023

The lead-acid battery has become so dependable in its used applications of automobile starting, emergency lighting and telecommunications, which left an impression that no further investigation is necessary or desirable. While there has been slow continuous improvements in lead-acid battery performance and mainly limited to design and material engineering. This work is mainly devoted to the properties of the active mass of the positive electrode and the acid/water ratio during the manufacturing process. A field study is carried out at the State Battery Manufacturing Company located in Baghdad, to prepare batches of lead mono-oxide with predefined quantities of liquid additives (i.e. sulfuric acid and water). Quality control and laboratory routine analysis using X-ray diffraction, porosimeter and BET techniques, as well as density, penetration tests of residual lead content ware conducted during the batch process. After the assembling of the positive plates produced during this research into the final product, final testing including electrical capacity and dry charging were performed. It was concluded from the results obtained, that the effective H2SO4/H2O ratio and hence H2SO4/PbO ration and paste density with α/β-PbO2, are the limiting factors of the electrical capacity and durability of the batteries concerned.
Preparation of Zeolite Type 13X from Locally Available Raw Materials
Authors: R.Ugal Jalil . , Mustafa Malik , A.Abdulhadi Ali.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this work was to prepare zeolite type 13X from locally available kaolin and to study the effects of using some binding materials through the process of agglomeration of this zeolite. This study was focused on using kaolin binder in different weight percents (10,15,25,35 and 45%).Physical and mechanical properties of the agglomerates such as porosity , apparent density , pore volume, crushing strength , loss on attrition , surface area and finally the adsorption capacity had been measured and evaluated .The preparation step was achieved by mixing the reactants consisting of metakaolin , source of silica as ( sodium trisilicate ) and sodium hydroxide . The conditions was temperature of 70° C and time of mixing as 8, 10,24,34,50,65,75 and 80 hours .The zeolite –binder was shaped in the form of cylindrical particles of 2.5 mm in diameter and 4-8 mm long using a suitable experimental technique . It was found that the suitable binder kaolin clay with 25% by weight. This gave the best properties as crushing strength, adsorption capacity and density compared with standard properties of zeolite 13X.
The Relationships between the Physical and Chemical Properties of Narrow Fractions Distilled From Mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad Crude Oils
Authors: Abdul-Karim Mohammed Abdul-Halim , G. Attiya Hadi , Abdul Khaliq Khudair Hayder
Published: May 2023

Mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils were distilled into narrow fractions. The range of these narrow fractions were 10oC, starting from IBP to 350oC. The total distillates from mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils were 58.25 vol % and 44.65 vol %, respectively.The hydrocarbons compositions (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic) in light fractions starting from IBP to 250oC were determined by using PONA analysis method. The results show that the paraffin content decreases with increasing mid percent boiling point of the fraction, while the naphthene, and aromatic increase with the increase of mid percent boiling point of mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils. Three groups of empirical equations were developed for the prediction of hydrocarbons compositions (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic) based on physical properties (mid percent boiling point, specific gravity, and refractive index) of narrow fractions distilled from mixed Kirkuk and Sharki-Baghdad crude oils. The first group relates the mid percent boiling point with the specific gravity, the second group relates the mid percent boiling point with the refractive index, while the third group relates the specific gravity with the refractive index.
The Effect of Ageing on Physical and Chemical Properties of Asphalt Cement
Authors: Abdul-Karim Mohammed Abdul-Halim , Morshed Khalid
Published: May 2023

Two grades of paving asphalt with penetration of 46 and 65 are studied for determining changes in their physical and chemical properties caused by ageing.The ageing process has been conducted on two petroleum paving asphalt cement using thin film oven test at 150, 163 and 175 C, and ageing time 5, 10,15, 20, 25 and 30 hours. The effect of ageing time and temperature on penetration, kinematic viscosity, softening point, solubility in trichloroethylene, heat loss and changes in chemical composition are investigated. The results of thin film oven test process indicte that the asphaltenes concentration of all aged asphalt increases with increasing ageing time, while the opposite was observed for polar-aromatic and naphthene-aromatic. The saturate of low penetration grade asphalt is higher than that for high penetration grade asphalt and remained unchanged with ageing time. Th kinematic viscosity and softening point seem to increase with increasing ageing time, while the penetration decreases with increasing ageing time. The DI of aged asphalt inreases with increasing ageing time.
Kinetic Study on Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol in a Trickle Bed Reactor
Authors: T. Mohammed Wadood , M. Abdullah Sama
Published: May 2023

Kinetics study on the phenol oxidation by catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) using CuO.NiO/Al2O3 as heterogeneous catalyst is presented. 4 g/l phenol solution of pH 7.3 was oxidized in a trickle bed reactor with gas flow rate of 80% stochiometric excess (S.E).. In order to verify the proposed kinetics, a series of CWAO experimental tests were done at two temperatures (140 and 160° C), oxygen partial pressures (9 and 12 bar), and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 h-1). According to Power Law, the reaction orders are found to be approximately 1 and 0.5 with respect to phenol concentration and oxygen solubility, respectively. These values favorably compare with those cited in the literature for intrinsic kinetics, which indicates minimal mass transfer limitations in the trickle bed reacting system used in this study.
Optimal Quantitave and Distributive Analysis of Thermal Pollution due to Heated Water Released to Rivers
Authors: H.Al-Suhaili Rafa , J.Al-Mosewi Tariq
Published: May 2023

To reduce the effects of discharging heated water disposed into a river flow by a single thermal source, two parameters were changed to get the minimum effect using optimization. The first parameter is to distribute the total flow of the heated water between two disposal points (double source) instead of one and the second is to change the distance between these two points. In order to achieve the solution, a two dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate and predict the changes in temperature distribution in the river due to disposal of the heated water using these two points of disposal.MATLAB-7 software was used to build a program that could solve the governing partial equations of thermal pollution in rivers by using the finite difference technique. The distribution of temperature in the river was presented by using the SURFER software that was used to draw the temperature contour lines and computing the areas of critical temperature (The area where the temperature exceed a certain selected value, which is believed to be critical for aquatic life). The optimum case was that which gave the minimum critical area.The decision variables are the subdivided flow of the two disposal points, and the distance between these two points. The result had indicated that the optimum case can be achieved when the flow of first point was 0.1 from the total flow of heated water and the second was 0.9 from this total flow. The optimal distance between the two points was found to be 30 m.
Simulation of Wiped Film Evaporator
Authors: A. Al-Hemiri Adil , F. Mansour Emad , A.L. Al-Ani Jamal
Published: May 2023

A mathematical model and associated computer program were developed to simulate the steady state operation of wiped film evaporators for the concentration of glycerol-water solution. In this model, various assumptions were made to facilitate the mathematical model of the wiped film evaporator. The fundamental phenomena described were: sensible heating of the solution and vaporization of water. Physical property data were coded into the computer program, which performs the calculations of this model. Randomly selected experiments were carried out in a small scale wiped film evaporator from ALVAL COMPANY, using different concentrations of the glycerol solution (10, 30 and 50 Wt. %) for different feed rates (30, 50, 80, 100 and 120 l/h) and two values of steam jacket pressure (2 and 4 atm) to compare between experimental and simulation results. The statistical analysis gave correlation coefficient of 0.9972, average absolute error of 2.2527 % and F-test of 0.9639 which showed the high accuracy of the simulation work.
The Effect of Temperature and pH on the Removal / Recovery of ZN++ from Solution by Chemical Coagulation
Authors: Al –Hemiri Adil , Hameed Al-Taey Tahseen
Published: May 2023

This work was conducted to study the treatment of industrial waste water, and more particularly those in the General Company of Electrical Industries.This waste water, has zinc ion with maximum concentration in solution of 90 ppm.The reuse of such effluent can be made possible via appropriate treatments, such as chemical coagulation, Na2S is used as coagulant.The parameters that influenced the waste water treatment are: temperature, pH, dose of coagulant and settling time.It was found that the best condition for zinc removal, within the range of operation used ,were a temperature of 20C a pH value of 13 , a coagulant dose of 15 g Na2S /400ml solution and a settling time of 7 days. Under these conditions the zinc concentration was reduced from 90mg/l to 0.003 mg/l.
Biotreatment of Oil Wells Drilling Waste in an Agricultural Soil
Authors: H. Al-Joubori Muna , A. A. H. Abd Al-Razaq Ayad
Published: May 2023

One of the most important environmental issues is the responsible effective and economic treatment of drilling waste especially oily waste.In this research two fungal isolates named Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma harzianum were chosen for the first time to treat biologically the oily drilled cuttings contaminated with diesel which resulted from drilling oil wells use oil based muds (OBMs).The results showed that the fungi under study utilized the hydrocarbon of contaminated soil as a source of nutrient and growth and that both fungi can be considered hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. The used biotreatment is cost effective process since most of the materials used in the cultivation and growth of the present fungi were available and cheap agricultural waste.The best hydrocarbon degradation was observed in case of using both fungi together with 8 % by weight microorganisms concentration ratio and with the same ratio of nutrients components expressed as carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus equal to 100/60/10 with 10/1 carbon/potassium which gave average total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation of about 395 ppm per day. Good results were obtained using the new nutrients components ratio(C/N/P=100/60/10 with C/K=10) compared to other studies applied different nutrients ratios for the same type of diesel contamination.
Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Iron Salts
Authors: Al-Hemiri Adil , Al-Anbari Hameed , K. Shakir Ibtihal
Published: May 2023

This investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the cotton textile industry for an effluent containing three dyes: direct blue, sulphur black and vat yellow. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as chemical coagulation. Ferrous and ferric sulphate with and without calcium hydroxide were employed in this study as the chemical coagulants.The results showed that the percentage removal of direct blue ranged between 91.4 and 94 , for sulphur black ranged between 98.7 and 99.5 while for vat yellow it was between 97 and 99.
Impact of Tigris River Pollution on the Performance of Water Treatment Plants Efficiencies in Baghdad City
Authors: N. Hamza Janan
Published: May 2023

The determination of river pollution impact on the performance of water treatment plants is achieved by two main objectives. The first is to study raw and treated water qualities and comparing them with standards and the second is to evaluate the treatment plants efficiency. The analyzed data were those water quality parameters in relation to physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics for river water and produced water by seven water treatment plants located on Tigris River passing through Baghdad City.The results of this study indicated that all raw water characteristic are within the surface water standards established by Iraqi and USA criteria except Bacterial Counts.Tigris River water is of good quality to be treated at the intake of KWTP and tends to be of less quality as it flows to south of city, where it is highly polluted at intake of RWTP.The analysis of treated water quality parameters supplied by all water treatment plants indicated that most of these characteristics are within the Iraqi criteria and WHO guide lines except for the produced in RWTP.RWTP exceeded the water quality standards which recommended by WHO particularly Bacterial Counts and Turbidity.The analysis showed that all water treatment plants have little effect on the in removal of the most of inorganic chemicals pollutants, the increasing Level of Sulfate, Hardness, and Total Dissolved Solid in treated water could be related to the absence of any chemical treatment units in the conventional Baghdad water treatment works, and to the increasing of the concentration of these variables in river water.The statistical analysis had indicated that the correlation coefficient between Turbidity and Total Coliform Bacteria in river water for KWTP, EWTP and KRWTP were good, and begin to increase at other water treatment plants reaching RWTP because the water quality of the river is deteriorated as the river flow downstream in Baghdad city.