bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historisch onderzoek en digitalisering van kranten
Authors: Luyten Dirk
Published: March 2021

More and more editors and public libraries and centres for documentationdigitise newspapers. In Belgium, digitisation of daily newspapers is just starting.Two small scale, but innovative initiatives should be mentioned here: firstof all, the Erfgoedcel (heritage cell) of the city of Ieper took the initiative todigitise the nineteenth-century local press. Secondly, the library of the city ofOstend digitised a set of local newspapers from the nineteenth and first halfof the twentieth century. Further initiatives are taken at all levels of theBelgian state. To avoid overlap and waste of money, coordination is necessary,taking into account the complex institutional structure of the Belgian state.This coordination is the aim of Presse-Papier, the national project for thepreservation of Belgian newspapers. Representatives of the different types ofinstitutions who keep newspapers, meet regularly and a central database of allthe Belgian newspapers will facilitate coordination and cooperation.Digitisation shows that newspapers are a quite original historical source, andbecause a newspaper includes information on all aspects of society, economyand politics, it can be interesting for the general public as well. Moreover,digitisation offers new opportunities for research, which is less time consuming.
Antieke munten als historische informatiedragers: Van materieel en emergent tot virtueel
Authors: Verboven Koenraad
Published: March 2021

Information is a slithery concept, 'information-bearer' possibly even more so.In this paper I will discuss various ways in which ancient coins serve ashistorical information-bearers and generate (mainly but not solely throughhoards) emergent information. We will see how this information may be'virtualized' through computer applications and what the possible advantagesof this are. I will present a few existing online databases and other facilitiesthat are useful for numismatic research and suggest how these facilities maybe improved and complemented.
De i van Schwitters, (g)een verhaal apart
Authors: Reumkens Noël
Published: March 2021

Der Name des deutschen Universalkünstlers Kurt Schwitters ist unzertrennlichverbunden mit dem Namen "Anna Blume" und dem Kunstwort Merz.Nachdem Schwitters i als neue Kunstform eingeführt hatte bezeichnete ersich von 1922-'23 an außer als Merz-Künstler auch als i-Künstler. Die vorliegendeStudie untersucht welchen Stellenwert die i-Lyrik in Schwitters' Merz-OEuvreeinnimmt und inwiefern sie sich von diesem unterscheider. Dabeiwird auch die von verschiedenen Interpreten hervorgehobene Verwandtschaftdes i-Gedichtes mit den Duchamp'schen Ready-mades untersucht und kommentiert.
Meertaligheid in de Belgische administratie
Authors: Vanden Boer Anneleen
Published: March 2021

In diesem Artikel wird die rechtliche Stellung, die die deutsche Sprache inBelgien im Laufe der Zeit in der belgischen Verwaltung eingenommen hat,analysiert. Anhand dieser Analyse möchte ich die vorgeschriebeneSprachgesetzgebung hinsichtlich der deutschen Sprache in belgischenVerwaltungsangelegenheiten mit der täglichen Sprachpraxis vergleichen unduntersuchen welche Faktoren eine evenctelle Diskrepanz bestimmen. Dafürwerden unterschiedliche Parameter bei den betroffenen Politikern, Bürgernund Beamten geprüft werden.
Op zoek naar de goede katholiek m/v
Authors: Buerman Thomas , Van Osselaer Tine
Published: March 2021

This article, "In search of the good Catholic M/F. Feminization and masculinityin Belgian Catholicism (c 1750-1950)" offers a short declaration ofintent of the research project with the same title. This project consists of twoPhD studies. Both analyses are shortly described by an exploration of sourcematerials and a presentation of temporary conclusions.In the first part of this article we focus on the priest and the papal Zouave asemblems, models or antitypes of Christian manliness in particular and masculinityin general. In the second part we concentrate on the construction ofCatholic masculinity and gender differentiation in nineteenth-century sermons,the Catholic Action Movement and the Leagues of the Sacred Heart.
Een geconstrueerd denken
Authors: Heynickx Rajesh
Published: March 2021

In this article it is demonstrated that an analysis of how building metaphorswere used in the Flemish Catholic discourse of the interwar years can offermore insight into the way a community of believers tries to establish a culturalcohesiveness. The main argument is that in a period of deep transformations,building metaphors could become "instruments" for Catholics whowanted to defend and promote a traditional dimension of their religion.Building metaphors allowed Catholics to stress the stability of their own ideology(the fundaments) and to formulate their own cultural project (buildingplan). By analysing such strategic use of building metaphors in artistic andphilosophical discourses, it can become possible to shed more light on the roleneo-thomism, a main philosophical current in interwar Flanders, played inartistic debates and more specific in discussions on the modernisation of religiousart.
Perceptie van toon en vocaalduur in het dialect van Weert
Authors: Verhoeven Jo
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the perceptual relevance of vowel duration and pitchmovement alignment to lexical tone identification in the Dutch-Limburgdialect of Weert. For this purpose a perception experiment was carried out inwhich listeners identified a series of experimental stimuli differing in vowelduration and tonal alignment as instances of the grammatical categories 'singular'or 'plural'. The results of this experiment suggest that native speakers ofthe Weert dialect are most sensitive to vowel duration differences. Only whenvowel duration is ambiguous, tonal alignment enables them to disambiguatethe stimuli. This supports the tonal re-interpretion hypothesis in terms ofvowel duration.
Zoals een mooie maar onbetrouwbare vrouw?
Authors: De Bom Erik
Published: March 2021

In 1605 the Dutch humanist Justus Lipsius published his last political work,Monita et exempla politica, which served as an illustration of his more famousPolitica (1589) and which was dedicated to Archduke Albert of the SouthernNetherlands. In this article I present the various early modern translations ofthis mirror-for-princes. Thereby attention is especially paid to the context inwhich these translations functioned, the aims of the translators, and the audiencefor which their work was intended. Lastly, an analysis is given of theway(s) in which the various translators rendered Lipsius's Monita in the vernacular.This overview may be of crucial imporrance for the study of thereception of the Monita, since the history of the Latin original is not necessarilysimilar to that of the vernacular versions.
De militaire politiek van de graaf-hertog van Olivares en de Brusselse hofhouding van de kardinaal-infant (1634-1641)
Authors: Houben Birgit
Published: March 2021

The military politics of the count-duke of Olivares, the principal minister andfavourite of Philip IV of Spain, had a strong impact on the composition ofthe court and household of the cardinal-infant don Fernando, the governor-generalof the Netherlands. Because of their strategic position, these provincesformed the main military base in the entire Spanish-Habsburg realm. For therealization of his political schemes, the count-duke populated the immediateentourage of the cardinal-infant in Brussels with his own clients, where theyfrequently combined household positions with ministerial functions or postswithin the army. Also, household positions were given to persons with strongconnections to the Spanish enemies for diplomatic or propagandistic purposes.In short, the Brussels household of don Fernando became an Olivaristicproduct par excellence.
Giordano Bruno’s geheugenkunst en de jacht op Proteus
Authors: Mertens Manuel
Published: March 2021

The present article presents the art of memory of the sixteenth-century philosopherGiordano Bruno by taking into consideration the mythological figure of Proteus.Bruno’s comparison of the metaphysical Monad – aim of his philosophical quest – withProteus sheds a light on the mnemonic practice. Although Bruno is often presented as aherald of modern science, the description of the Monad as Protheus, always subject tonew metamorphoses, and the importance of Ovidius’ Metamorphoses show him ratheras a representative of the Pythagorean tradition. An echo of Ovidius is also indicated inBruno’s Cena de le ceneri showing that the Pythagorean influence is also present in hiscosmological view on the motion of the earth.
Sprookjes in tijden van “crisis”
Authors: Praet Stijn
Published: March 2021

The present paper takes Apuleius’s tale of “Cupid and Psyche” (2nd century A.D.) as itspoint of departure. Though often taken for granted as one of the oldest literary fairy talesin the Western tradition, the text itself in fact defies such “easy” categorisations. Afterconsidering the ways in which scholars in the past have attempted to bridge the gapbetween this Ancient tale and the actual fairy tale genre, I will suggest an alternativeapproach, based on the notion that fairy tale-like narratives tend to self-consciously participatein the dynamics of their respective literary fields, especially in times of relativecrisis. This approach affords us with the opportunity to study Latin texts like “Cupid andPsyche” in relation to other fairy tale-like narratives, not only as part of a tradition, but asa recurring literary phenomenon in its own right.
Taalvariatie op de Vlaamse openbare omroep
Authors: Van Hoof Sarah
Published: March 2021

Although the Flemish media have in recent years often been claimed to promote the useof a Flemish, substandard variety of Dutch rather than Standard Dutch, there are as yetlittle empirical data to confirm or disprove this claim. This paper therefore presents acomparative empirical analysis of language use in one genre, namely fiction, broadcastby the Flemish public broadcasting corporation (VRT) in the early 1980s and the late2000s. It reveals considerable substandard language use in both periods, as well as anincrease of substandard language use over time. These results are interpreted within thebroader frame of the VRT’s language policy and production practices in the two periodsunder investigation.
Van een hartveroverende bescheidenheid: Zelfironie als intentionele auteursstrategie?
Authors: van Zoggel Marc
Published: March 2021

In scientific texts on irony, the problem of intentionality has proven to be a persistentone. In literary studies, the debate centers around two questions: whether literary ironyis always intentional, and how to apply this intentionality in the interpretation of literaryworks. In this article my focus will be on the last question. Starting with a brief overviewof what has been written on irony and intentionality, I will examine three author typesthat have been put forward with regard to the inferring of an ironic intention to an authorby a reader: the empirical author, the implied author, and the postulated author. I willexemplify my findings using examples of Dutch author Harry Mulisch’s so-called ‘selfirony’.
Taalbeleid in Nederlandse en Vlaamse kranten
Authors: Belsack Els
Published: March 2021

This research project examines the approach of daily newspapers regarding linguisticinnovations. The author discusses how different newspapers cope with language as a livingphenomenon, based on a corpus of interviews with chief editors and language advisorsemployed by the major Flemish and Dutch newspapers. The study is comparative in twoways: on the one hand, the attitudes of popular and quality newspapers are compared. Onthe other hand, interesting parallels and dissimilarities between the two different languageareas are pointed out. The author analyzes a wide range of topics: the feelings towards thespelling reform of 2006, the spelling battle between the ‘Greens’ and the 'Whites’ in theNetherlands, the attitudes concerning linguistic phenomena such as youth language, foreign(often English) words, buzz words and neologisms, tendencies as the coarsening anddeterioration of the (skills in the) mother tongue, and the question whether newspaperlanguage functions either as a reflection of the language of society or as a pedagogicalexample.
“Levende met de Lierenaars, had ik het genoegen Lierenaar te worden.”: Nieuwkomers, stedelijke identiteit en burgerschap in het zeventiende- en achttiende-eeuwse Lier
Authors: Provoost Nele
Published: March 2021

This article explores the complex relation between civic identity, individual identificationand citizenship. An in-depth analysis of the life and integration process of three newcomersto the small Brabant town of Lier makes clear how formal statutes and categoriessuch as citizenship might influence the structural integration, but could at the same timebe only loosely connected to informal identifications. Although citizenship was neitherthe proof of nor the condition for an alliance with the town, it nevertheless had a meaning.Establishing temporary trust, it furthered social interaction, which was the breedingground of identity formation. This identity formation was above all a dynamic and neverendingprocess in which time played a crucial but equivocal role.
Machtstrijd en sociaal protest op het tempelplein van Jeruzalem aan de vooravond van de Joodse opstand (1ste eeuw n.Chr.)
Authors: Vandenberghe Marijn
Published: March 2021

There is a general tendency in scholarly research into the causes of the Jewish revoltagainst Romein 66 A.D. to espouse contradictory explanations on the macro-level. As analternative, this paper explores the application ofa micro-historical and socio-anthropologicalperspective which pays more attention to the socio-cultural context in a case studyon power struggle and protest in Jerusalem during the run-up to the revolt. Eventually, thepaper aims to shed light on the different interest groups involved and the way in whichthey used the temple complex as a platform for the expression of power and protest, aswell as how the different causal factors correlate on the micro-level.
Nieuws en informatienetwerken
Authors: Lamal Nina
Published: March 2021

This contribution underlines the importance of news on the Dutch Revolt for the Medici family.The Medici, (grand)dukes of Tuscany, received various newsreports on the deterioratingsituation in the Netherlands on a weekly basis. In recent literature on early moderncommunication, two different types of news writers and news have been discerned.This article shows that these categorizations blur our understanding of early moderninformation networks.
Antwerpen en de ontwikkelingen in de pamfletproductie tijdens de Opstand (1576-1585)
Authors: Schellekens Christophe
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes a corpus of pamphlets produced in and/or related to Antwerp in theperiod between the Pacification of Ghent (1576) and the retaking of the city by theHabsburg regime under Farnese (1585). The quantitative evolutions within this corpusare related to events, actors and circumstances. Especially Don Juan and the duke ofAnjou have caused peaks in Antwerp’s pamphlet production. In general, the themes ofpamphlets were of interest to an audience wider than Antwerp’s residents, although alsoactors in the city’s civil society used this medium. The choice of genres of pamphlets andtheir reminiscence to other forms of communication are also discussed. The last part ofthe article focuses on the role of printers and publishers.
Vlaamse uitgalmkunst
Authors: Van den Berg Willem
Published: March 2021

In December 1867 Hendrik Conscience takes the train to the Netherlands with a specialmission: promoting his Romantische werken, edited by A.W. Sijthoff, Leiden. In his correspondencewith his Flemish publisher J.P. van Dieren he writes an elated report of hisoverwhelming success as elocutionist of his work. In this article additional information isgiven about some aspects of his ten-days’ campaign. The greatest attention is given to thereport of his performancesin the Dutch newspaper press. It turns out that not everyonewas pleased with the choice of his texts and even less with his way of reciting. Finally anattempt is made to give a word of explanation for the so divergent responses to Consciences“uitgalmkunst”.
“Dit is het nieuws van zeven uur met Mohammed”
Authors: Mercelis Heleen
Published: March 2021

Standardization efforts in Flanders, as in much of Western Europe, have led to a radicallydeclining use of traditional dialects for everyday communication. They are not, however,substituted by standard languages as much as other, so-called sub-standard, varieties arenow increasingly occupying the vacant ground. The success of these sub-standard varietiesis moreover attributed to teenagers, who are said to be ever more indifferent to standardlanguage norms, to lose themselves in electronic communication and increasingly toadopt multi-ethnic urban street styles. This leads to public concern, as only a competencein Standard Dutch is said to assure school success and the ensuing labour market opportunities.The stereotypical view of ethnic urban youth in Flanders is that they are incompetentin Dutch or unwilling to speak it. The present article discusses and revises thiswidely accepted view by analysing data collected during long-term fieldwork in a mixed ethnicitygroup of teenage girls in Antwerp.
De opkomst van werkwoordelijke omschrijving met HEBBEN en ZIJN in het Archaïsch en Klassiek Grieks
Authors: Bentein Klaas
Published: March 2021

While Ancient Greek is commonly considered a “synthetic” language, I show that it diddevelop periphrastic constructions, to a much larger extent than is generally thought. Iconcentrate on the development of constructions with the verbs ‘HAVE' (εχω) and ‘BE'(ειμι) and a participle, and argue that they underwent a common semantic development,which I propose to call ‘transitivization’. I furthermore draw attention to the importanceof investigating the interrelationship of the different periphrastic constructions underanalysis with regard to their origins, development and decline.
Hamlet: Foucault, Waanzin en Ophelia
Authors: Hall Adam
Published: March 2021

While modern critical views of Ophelia often see her as a woman tragically driven intomadness, or hysteria, this article offers a Renaissance perspective on madness in order tolend support a more sane view of the character of Ophelia. This alternative view of Ophelia(inspired by Foucault’s work on the topic of madness) includes a close reading of thesymbolic meaning of Ophelia’s herbs, and argues how madness is used in Shakespeare'splay to convey specific meaning.
Reynaert de vos in een Vlaams-nationalistisch jasje
Authors: Vroomen Lisanne
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the connection between the Flemish movement, Flemish-nationalismand Van den vos Reynaerde based on two case-studies. To show how Reynaert hasbeen used to convey ideological ideas, two Reynaert adaptations will be analysed, namelythe Reynaert adaption written by Rafaël Verhulst in 1903 and the Reynaert text made byFelix Timmermans in 1919. In both of these adaptations, the original story has beenchanged in order to convey a new political message. The analysis will shed light on themost important characters of the stories, the changes made to the original story-line andthe new message of the texts. Furthermore, the article will show how appropriation ofReynaert has played in role in these adaptations, both as a cause and a consequence.
Taalgevoeligheid in Brussel en de Vlaamse Rand: een attitudeonderzoek
Authors: Simoens Hannelore
Published: March 2021

Since decades, bilingual Brussels and its Flemish periphery constitute the scene of a persistentlanguage conflict between Dutch- and French-speaking politicians. In theseregions language is thus a highly sensitive topic from a political point of view. However,it is not clear whether the inhabitants themselves share the same sensitivity to languagematters. The primary interest of this research was therefore to analyse language sensitivityin Brussels and the Flemish periphery from the viewpoint of the Dutch-speakinginhabitants. On the basis of language attitude research, results showed that they are highlysensitive to language matters. At least half of the respondents was irritated by Francophonesin the public life of the Flemish periphery and about 65% voted against Frenchpolitical initiatives on Dutch-speaking territory.
Rust in vrede?
Authors: Bousard Tiffany
Published: March 2021

Did encounters with Protestants always result in Catholic violence in the Southern Netherlandsduring the sixteenth century? The Dutch historian Judith Pollmann showed thatthis was only rarely the case in this geographical area. In fact, most of the Roman Catholicsadopted a rather passive attitude towards the increasing number of Protestants.According to Pollmann, the catholic clergy played a major role in this 'passivity of thelaity'. Was this also the case in Bruges during the Dutch Revolt or not? And did not, onthe other hand, the tempestuous political context at that time activate the Roman Catholics?Based on research on the funeral life and landscape of Bruges during the period1564-1584, this article tries to answer these questions.
Gulik: dynastieke belangen, oorlog en welvaart
Authors: Romein Annemieke
Published: March 2021

This article shows that the use of fatherland terminology (the words: patria, fatherlandand patriot) was applied in tumultuous times in order to claim a presupposed, temporary'office' to critique the prince. In Jülich, the position of Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm ofPalatinate-Neuburg was contested due to a succession crisis. On top of this crisis, theThirty Years War made it difficult to keep the principality safe from harm. Pillagingsoldiers and financial contributions led the nobility to believe that the duke was incapableof ruling this fief. The nobility met - as 'loyal patriots' - in Cologne to discuss issuesconcerning the welfare of their fatherland. The use of this terminology helped to avoidthe association with rebellion and undermining the government.
Assimilatie, identiteit en de Ander in de epische poëzie van Lepanto
Authors: Rigaux Maxim
Published: March 2021

The battle of Lepanto (October 7, 1571) signified an important victory for ChristianEurope against the Ottoman Empire. In the Spanish area, six poets (re)shaped the navalbattle as the central theme of their epic poems. The focus of this paper will be on the firstepic poem that was published after Lepanto: the Austrias Carmen of the former blackslave Juan Latino (1518-1594/7). In my analysis of Latino's representation of the Ottomanadmiral Ali Pasha I will argue that the author's use of the classical tradition leads toan ambiguous portrait of the cultural Other.
De priester van Elea
Authors: Coesemans Steven
Published: March 2021

The author challenges the traditional interpretation of Parmenides as a cerebral logicianand metaphysicist by a recontextualizing view. He makes an attempt to restore Parmenidesin his quality as an important religious icon of his community. Based onepigraphical evidence, the author re-interprets the Poem of Parmenides in a religiousframework of known ritual practices, specifically as guidelines to the practice of so-calledincubation. He argues that the text outlines incubation as a mental state which consists ofa union of understanding and being.
De kracht van het verleden
Authors: Scheijnen Tine
Published: March 2021

Quintus of Smyma's Posthomerica is a late antique epic designed as a sequel to Homerin both contents and style. Fourteen episodically structured books tell the end of the Trojanwar from Hector's burial onward. Among the first events is the death of Achilles andthe subsequent judgement of arms which causes the suicide of Aiax Maior. This articleexamines how the Posthomerica deals with the multiform reception of these unhomericstories and transforms them into Iliadic accounts that build on the Homeric characterizationof Achilles and Aiax. Quintus uses intertextual references to make a strong connectionwith the Homeric model and bring the old story to a convincing end which is embeddedin a younger literary tradition.
Een “ordo sine ordine”?
Authors: Belaen Johan
Published: March 2021

For a long time, historians have tried to explain the lack of order structures among Benedictinehouses by referring to these communities’ conservative attitude. This paper proposesa new hypothesis, which states that twelfth- and thirteenth-century Benedictinesreally were receptive to new trends in monastic government; be it without imitating theorder model. As will be argued below, they attempted to install supra-monastic (i.e.involving two or more monastic communities) structures by developing decentralisedassociations between their houses. Even though, at first sight, these Benedictine initiativesappear very different from the emerging religious orders, it will be shown that bothexperiments were essentially rooted in a single type of institution: the confraternity agreement.
Goddelijke phthonos en menselijk sophronein: Causaliteit en verantwoordelijkheid in Aeschylus’ Perzen
Authors: Van den Brande Sarah-Helena
Published: March 2021

This article argues that Aeschylus’ Persae provides fascinating source material for thestudy of causality and tragic responsibility in ancient Greek tragedy. Rather than subscribingto the traditional viewpoint that Persae consolidates archaic religious belief, itaims to demonstrate the ways in which the play continuously calls into question the statusof human agency. By paying close attention to parallels and shifts in the word usagethroughout the play, the article focuses in particular on the growing tension between thehuman and the divine, on the varied attributions of causality, and on the emergence of atragic vocabulary centered around the notion of deep thought.
Algemene aannemers in de Belgische bouwsector (1870-1970)
Authors: Dobbels Jelena
Published: March 2021

The turn of the twentieth century was a tuming point for the Belgian construction sector.The emergence of general contractors enacted a re-examination of job responsibilitiesamong general contractors, architects and engineers. This paper analyses how Belgiangeneral contractors claimed their new position as organisers and executors ofconstruction, and how they interacted with other construction actors. The analysis showsit took a long time to capture the gradual shift of tasks legally, started in the 1890s yetonly finalized by the 1960s. This slow legislative adaptation gave rise to many conflictson job responsibilities, yet also collaborative actions were undertaken. This allows us toconclude that general contractors, architects and engineers mainly engaged in conversationwith each other in order to identify and outline their changing functions andresponsibilities.
Een exploratieve studie van het beurtfinale euh(m)
Authors: Jehoul Annelies , Brône Geert , Feyaerts Kurt
Published: March 2021

Many studies describe uh(m) as a symptom of a production difficulty, a turn holding signalor an announcement of a delay in speech (Christenfeld 1994, Maclay & Osgood 1959,Clark & Fox Tree 2002). They all emphasize the role of uh(m) as a projection of furthertalk by the same speaker. However, our data show that uh(m) can also occur in turn-finalposition, thus not projecting continuation of a turn. This study compares turn-final occurrencesof uh(m) to the typical turn-medial uh(m) from a multimodal perspective. Theanalysis shows that turn-final uh(m) is only rarely preceded by a pause, more oftenaccompanied by facial expressions and co-occurs with a retraction of a hand gesture.Also, the speaker frequently gazes at the interlocutor during turn-final uh(m). These formaldifferences may be linked to a functional difference between turn-final and turn-medialuh(m).
Superstitieuze en geoorloofde rituele praktijk in de Malleus maleficarum
Authors: Conickx Chloé
Published: March 2021

According to a traditional historiography, clear-cut demarcations between superstitiousand licit remedies against witchcraft were made in the sixteenth century. Max Weber'sconcept of “disenchantment” states that the Reformation introduced a revolution in Christianritual praxis: a purification of all “magical” elements. Using Heinrich Kramer’s Malleusmaleficarum as a case study, this paper shows how, pace Weber, such systematicdemarcations were already made in the late Middle Ages.
De typische verleidingsscène in de Griekse epiek
Authors: Van der Wiel Laurens
Published: March 2021

This article aims to provide a more exact overview of the structure of the traditional typescene of seduction in ancient Greek epic poems, based on the insights of the previousresearch of Forsyth and Sowa. All instances of such seduction scenes have at least someof the following elements: divine inducement, preparation, departure and approach, andreaction of the male audience. In some cases, the characters go a step further: when thereluctance of one of the participants has been overcome, the man and the woman havesex, after which they realize the painful consequences. The poets sometimes deviate fromthis scheme, usually due to the requirements of the context. However, in some cases thisdeviation indicates an original intervention of the poet. Two examples of this will be discussed.
De rol van de Schelde in het Romeins transportsysteem (50 v.Chr. – 410 n. Chr.)
Authors: Bongers Toon
Published: March 2021

Archaeological sources make it impossible to deny that rivers served as pathways in the past. Conversely, the role of inland waterways in the Roman transport economy of northern Gaul has received little scholarly attention. This paper introduces a historical archaeological study of the transport network of the Roman-era Scheldt basin (presentday north-western Europe), with an emphasis on the role of waterways. As a starting point, this study works from the hypothesis of an integrated transport network, in which rivers, roads, and seaways link up to form a single system.
De interactie tussen gender en homofoondominantie bij dt-fouten in de informele online communicatie van jongeren
Authors: Surkyn Hanne , Sandra Dominiek , Vandekerckhove Reinhild
Published: March 2021

We examine unintentional spelling errors (“dt-fouten”) on regular verb homophones in informal social media writing of Flemish adolescents. Our study reveals a high overall error rate: 28 percent of all target forms were spelled incorrectly. In addition, we found some clear patterns with regard to gender and the psycholinguistic variables that played a role in previous experimental research. Boys made significantly more verb spelling errors than girls. This effect of gender suggests that girls display greater error awareness or norm sensitivity. However, in both gender groups we found the same error pattern: a psycholinguistic effect of homophone dominance which causes more errors on the lower frequency form. These findings reveal that a greater focus on spelling errors may reduce the number of dt-errors, while it has no effect on the nature of those errors.
Medical Negligence Dispute Resolution in Malaysia: Time for legal reform
Authors: Azmi Izuan Izzaidi , Md Daud Norfarhana , Atkin Bill , Md Rashid Khan Faznur
Published: March 2021

As medical negligence has become a public concern today, there is an increasing number of medical negligence claims which commonly settled through litigation. However, numerous problems regarding the practice of litigation have been discovered. Hence, the research aims to examine the current medical dispute resolution in Malaysia to find a better solution for it. The findings show that there are weaknesses of the existing practice and found that mediation as an alternative dispute resolution is available and more suitable. Thus, the research provides the grounds for legal reform and recommendations for improvement of Malaysia’s medical negligence dispute resolution framework.
Keywords: medical negligence; dispute resolutions; Malaysia
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2726
Измерения эмиттанса газодинамического электронно-циклотронного резонансного источника ионов
Authors: Барабин С.В. , Кропачев Г.Н. , Лукашин А.Ю. , Кулевой Т.В. , Выбин С.С. , Голубев С.В. , Изотов И.В. , Киселева Е.М. , Скалыга В.А. , Григорьев С.В. , Коваленко Н.А.
Published: March 2021

Advantages of using a gasdynamic electron cyclotron ion source in a proton accelerator based compact neutron source DARIA are discussed. It is experimentally demonstrated that the gasdynamic proton source is able to provide ion beams with 100 mA current, duration from 100 microseconds and longer at repetition rate up to 1 kHz. Emittance of the ion beams produced by the gasdynamic ion source was measured using a “pepper-pot” method for two extraction electrodes geometries: “spherical” and flat parallel. It is shown that the normalized 4 rms emittance value for both electrode configurations in the range of extraction voltage from 41 t 48 kV does not exceed 2 mm mrad.
Особенности формирования собственного электрического поля низкотемпературной кислород-метановой плазмы
Authors: Рудинский А.В. , Ягодников Д.А. , Рыжков С.В. , Онуфриев В.В.
Published: March 2021

The mathematical model has been developed for the combustion of oxygen-methane plasma at pressures of 0.2-1.6 MPa, taking into account the ionization of combustion products and the recombination of charged components. The concentrations of positive ions were determined for the characteristic zones of the reacting oxygen-methane mixture under the assumption of ambipolar diffusion. The distributions of the strength of the self-consistent electric field and the generated electric charge along the length of the channel are obtained. The simulation results in terms of the concentration of electrons and ions in the flame are verified by the known experimental data obtained by probe methods under the operating conditions of a model liquid-propellant rocket engine.
An Agent-Based Model of the Local Spread of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling Study
Authors: Staffini Alessio , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Chung Ung-Il , Svensson Thomas
Published: March 2021

Background

The spread of SARS-CoV-2, originating in Wuhan, China, was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The governments of affected countries have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus. The starting point of this paper is the different government approaches, in terms of promulgating new legislative regulations to limit the virus diffusion and to contain negative effects on the populations.

Objective

This paper aims to study how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to government policies and to analyze how different policies have produced different results on public health.

Methods

Considering the official data provided by 4 countries (Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Brazil) and from the measures implemented by each government, we built an agent-based model to study the effects that these measures will have over time on different variables such as the total number of COVID-19 cases, intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy rates, and recovery and case-fatality rates. The model we implemented provides the possibility of modifying some starting variables, and it was thus possible to study the effects that some policies (eg, keeping the national borders closed or increasing the ICU beds) would have had on the spread of the infection.

Results

The 4 considered countries have adopted different containment measures for COVID-19, and the forecasts provided by the model for the considered variables have given different results. Italy and Germany seem to be able to limit the spread of the infection and any eventual second wave, while Sweden and Brazil do not seem to have the situation under control. This situation is also reflected in the forecasts of pressure on the National Health Services, which see Sweden and Brazil with a high occupancy rate of ICU beds in the coming months, with a consequent high number of deaths.

Conclusions

In line with what we expected, the obtained results showed that the countries that have taken restrictive measures in terms of limiting the population mobility have managed more successfully than others to contain the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, the model demonstrated that herd immunity cannot be reached even in countries that have relied on a strategy without strict containment measures.
Arabic Version of the Electronic Health Literacy Scale in Arabic-Speaking Individuals in Sweden: Prospective Psychometric Evaluation Study
Authors: Wångdahl Josefin , Dahlberg Karuna , Jaensson Maria , Nilsson Ulrica
Published: March 2021

Background

Health information is often communicated through the internet. It is vital for the end user to have a range of digital skills as well as understand the information to promote their health. There is a valid and reliable 8-item instrument, the Electronic Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS), that evaluates these skills. The number of Arabic-speaking people migrating to Sweden and to other parts of the world is increasing due to unstable military and political situations in their countries of origin. Poor health and limited health literacy have been described in this population in Sweden. Still, to our knowledge, an Arabic version of eHEALS has not been tested for validity or reliability. Thus, Arabic-speaking populations in Sweden cannot be included in studies measuring eHealth literacy, which does not support equal treatment in health care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the original English eHEALS version into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

The eHEALS was rigorously translated, adapted, and evaluated for content validity. We conducted prospective psychometric evaluation with natively Arabic-speaking participants living in Sweden. Construct validity, factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Spearman correlation, principal component analysis, Cronbach α, and weighted quadratic Cohen κ, respectively.

Results

The study population consisted of Arabic-speaking participants (n=298; age: mean 41.8 years, SD 10.5). Construct validity was supported with weak and moderate correlations. Principal component factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α=0.92); test-retest reliability was acceptable (weighted quadratic Cohen κ=0.76). Evaluation indicated that eHealth literacy threshold values should be dichotomized (limited and sufficient) rather than trichotomized (inadequate, problematic, and sufficient).

Conclusions

The Arabic version of eHEALS, a unidimensional scale that is valid and reliable for measuring eHealth literacy among natively Arabic-speaking people in Sweden, was found to be acceptable and feasible in a general population.
Developing a Sociotechnical Intervention for Delivery of Cardiovascular Care in Rural Communities: A Participatory Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Partogi Michelle , Gaviria-Valencia Simon , Pick Nancy , Kessler Maya , Mitchell Jay , Bonacci Robert , Chaudhry Rajeev , Moore Matthew , Arruda-Olson Adelaide
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Clinical practice guidelines recommend antiplatelet and statin therapies, blood pressure control and cessation of tobacco products for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients. However, these strategies for risk modification are underused by patients with ASCVD, especially in rural communities. The needs of and resources available to rural patients with cardiovascular disease are different than their urban/suburban counterparts, requiring a distinct approach to their care. Interventions developed without considering the unique needs of rural populations often fail. Approaches tailored to this population are needed.

OBJECTIVE

Using a Participatory Design (PD) approach, a multidisciplinary team sought to develop a sociotechnical intervention to enable rural primary care teams to systematically improve the cardiovascular health of patients with ASCVD. The intervention included adapting an existing technology for delivery of expert guideline recommendations into clinical practice in rural communities.

METHODS

Development took place in four stages: I) Initial Understanding, II) Ideation and Experimentation, III) Prototyping the Intervention, and IV) Designing the Sociotechnical System. Our team observed clinical encounters, interviewed patients, and conducted workshops with rural care team members to develop viable intervention concepts. We then iteratively prototyped in a routine clinical practice and refined a pilotable version of the intervention with extensive stakeholder feedback.

RESULTS

The sociotechnical intervention was created with input from clinical team members (n=35) in Austin and Adams, Minnesota. This collaboration resulted in contextually-grounded workflows and a clinical decision support tool that [1] identifies patients with ASCVD who would benefit from additional care touchpoints, [2] aggregates crucial medical information for clinical decision-making, and [3] assigns the appropriate care team role to determine care plans. The resulting intervention enables care teams to systematically, collaboratively, and proactively deliver care for patients with ASCVD.

CONCLUSIONS

The PD process was invaluable in developing a cardiovascular intervention that establishes a sociotechnical system comprised of novel responsibilities, workflows, and technology while acknowledging capacities and limitations of rural health care clinics. Next steps involve the evaluation of the intervention impact on standard metrics of quality cardiovascular care and the dissemination of the intervention to other clinic locations while maintaining core values of human-centered design.
Iterative Development of a Mobile Phone App to Support Community Health Volunteers During Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stocks Jacob , Choi Yujung , Ibrahim Saduma , Huchko Megan
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

To achieve the World Health Organization targets for cervical cancer elimination, low- and middle-income countries will need to develop innovative strategies to provide human papillomavirus (HPV)–based screening at a population level. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions may help realize these goals by filling gaps in electronic specimen tracking and patient education, effective implementation of mHealth interventions is dependent upon context-specific development that is acceptable and usable by the target population. Detailed feedback should be gathered at the design and development stages to yield final products that reflect the needs, desires, and capabilities of target users.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop an mHealth app (mSaada) to support HPV-based screening in partnership with community health volunteers (CHVs) and program planners in western Kenya.

METHODS

A team of student programmers developed a prototype to meet previously identified gaps in screening: patient education, protocol support, data capture, and specimen tracking. The prototype was iteratively developed through 2 waves of in-person working sessions with quantitative (survey) and qualitative (in-depth interview) feedback. Research staff engaged key stakeholders from both urban and rural locations and with varying levels of experience in delivering screening services. During the sessions, participants completed simulation exercises and role-play activities to become familiar with the platform. Once feedback was gathered and synthesized after each wave of in-person data collection, developers implemented changes to improve mSaada functionality.

RESULTS

A total of 18 CHVs and clinicians participated in the in-person sessions. Participants found mSaada useful, easy to use, and would meet the needs of CHVs to provide HPV-based cervical cancer screening (electronic data capture, client education resources, and specimen tracking). They provided key feedback to enhance user experience, workflow, and sustainability. Key changes included altering the appearance of the wireframes, adding translation in additional local languages, changing potentially insensitive figures, alphabetizing lengthy dropdown menus, adding clinically relevant logic checks when entering data, and incorporating the ability to make real time edits to client records. They also made recommendations for additional features that might enhance mSaada’s impact at the facility and health system levels, specifically the inclusion of a report-generating tool consistent with the Ministry of Health standards.

CONCLUSIONS

Using a process of iterative feedback with key stakeholders and rapid response from developers, we have developed a mobile app ready for pilot testing in HPV-based screening programs led by CHVs.
Comparison of the Impact of Conventional and Web-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Physical Activity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Exploratory Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chaplin Emma , Barnes Amy , Newby Chris , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Singh Sally J
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) increases exercise capacity, with less clear evidence regarding physical activity (PA). The World Health Organization recommends at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week to reduce the risks of chronic disease.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of conventional PR versus web-based PR with respect to changes in PA.

METHODS

Patients with COPD were randomized to either conventional PR classes (n=51) or a web-based PR program (n=52) for 7 weeks in a feasibility study. Accelerometers (Sensewear) were worn before and after the intervention, and PA was measured as steps per day and mean bouts of moderate activity for ≥2, ≥5, ≥10, and ≥20 minutes. Measures were derived for patients with ≥8 hours of data per day for ≥4 days, using the R package for statistical analysis. Variables were explored to examine their relationships with bouts of activity.

RESULTS

Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. Complete PA data were available for the groups receiving web-based (n=20) and conventional (n=34) PR interventions. The web-based PR group demonstrated a nonsignificant increase in the number of steps per day, which mainly comprised short bouts of moderate to vigorous intensity PA when compared to the conventional PR group (P=.20). The conventional PR group demonstrated increased 20-minute bouts of PA by 49.1%, although this was not significant (P=.07). At baseline, age (r=–0.21, P=.04), BMI (r=–0.311, P=.004), and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second; % predicted; r=–0.248, P=.048) were significantly correlated with 10-minute bouts of PA; however, this was not observed post intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The analysis revealed a nonsignificant difference in the pattern of PA between groups receiving conventional vs web-based PR—the former being associated with an increase in 20-minute bouts, while the latter having demonstrated an increase in the number of steps per day. There appears to be a differing response emerging between the two interventions.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Clinical Trials Registry ISRCTN03142263; https://tinyurl.com/y4dmfyrb