bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offsite primary care providers using telehealth to support a sustainable workforce in rural and remote general practice: A rapid review of the literature
Authors: Calleja Zoe , Job Jennifer , Jackson Claire
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Rural and remote general practices face increasing demands for care without the workforce required to meet patient needs. The coronavirus pandemic has created an opportunity to explore sustainable, telehealth‐driven solutions to this chronic and complex problem.

Objective

This review examined interventions using offsite primary care providers to deliver ongoing patient care via telehealth to support rural and remote general practices. We aimed to understand the impact of such interventions on the Quadruple Aim (patient experience, provider experience, health care costs, and health outcomes).

Design

A rapid review of studies published from 2011 and grey literature published from 2016.

Findings

Six studies met the eligibility criteria. No eligible Australian studies were identified. Most studies investigated ongoing primary care services provided via telehealth by offsite pharmacists. Patients and rural primary care staff reported positive experiences with the interventions. One study demonstrated potential return on investment for rural practices. While one study reported clinically and statistically significant improvements in health outcomes over time, two studies did not observe statistically significant differences in health outcomes between intervention and control cohorts.

Discussion

The Quadruple Aim should be carefully considered when designing, implementing, and evaluating interventions that involve offsite primary care providers using telehealth to support a sustainable workforce in rural and remote general practice.

Conclusion

Sustainable solutions to workforce shortages in rural and remote general practice are needed urgently. Using offsite primary care providers to deliver telehealth and support practices in these regions is one possible solution that warrants further investigation, particularly in Australia.
Common and rare genetic risk variants in age‐related macular degeneration and genetic risk score in the Coimbra eye study
Authors: Farinha Cláudia , Barreto Patricia , Coimbra Rita , Cachulo Maria Luz , Melo Joana Barbosa , Cunha‐Vaz José , Lechanteur Yara , Hoyng Carel B. , Silva Rufino
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To determine the contribution of common and rare genetic variants in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Portuguese population from the Coimbra Eye Study (CES), and the genetic risk score (GRS).

Methods

Participants underwent ophthalmologic examination and imaging. A centralized reading centre performed AMD staging. Genetic sequencing was carried out with the EYE‐RISK assay. Sixty‐nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and tested for association with AMD. Case–control and progression‐to‐AMD analyses were performed using logistic regression to assess allelic odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each variant. GRS was calculated for cases/controls and progressors/non‐progressors. Cumulative impact of rare variants was compared between cases/controls using logistic regression.

Results

In case–control analysis (237 cases/640 controls) variants associated with risk of disease were: ARMS2 rs10490924, ARMS2_HTRA1 rs3750846, CFH rs35292876, SLC16A8 rs8135665, TGFBR1 rs1626340. Major risk variants ARMS2/HTRA1 rs3750846, CFH rs570618 and C3 rs2230199 had unexpected lower allele frequency (AF), and the highest risk‐conferring variant was a rare variant, CFH rs35292876 (OR, 2.668; p‐value = 0.021). In progression‐to‐AMD analysis (137 progressors/630 non‐progressors), variants associated with risk of progression were ARMS2 rs10490924, ARMS2_HTRA1 rs3750846, CFH rs35292876. GRS of cases/controls was 1.124 ± 1.187 and 0.645 ± 1.124 (p‐value < 0.001), and of progressors/non‐progressors was 1.190 ± 1.178 and 0.669 ± 1.141 (p‐value < 0.001). Higher proportion of pathogenic rare CFH variants was observed in cases (OR, 9.661; p‐value < 0.001).

Conclusions

Both common and rare variants were associated with AMD, but a CFH rare variant conferred the highest risk of disease while three major risk variants had a lower‐than‐expected AF in our population originary from a geographic region with lower prevalence of AMD. GRS was still significantly higher in AMD patients. Damaging CFH rare variants were cumulatively more common in AMD cases.
Association between structural and functional treatment outcomes in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Haji Hauraz , Gianniou Christina , Brynskov Troels , Sørensen Torben L. , Olsen Rasmus , Krogh Nielsen Marie
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The administration frequency of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) have been widely discussed. The primary objective of the study was to explore the association between anatomical outcomes and changes in functional outcome.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed neovascular AMD with a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up. Only one eye per patient was included. Patients were treated according to the observe‐and‐plan or the pro‐re‐nata regimen. All patients were regularly examined from the time of diagnosis up to 24 months. The effect of intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelium detachment (PED) at any time point on visual acuity (VA) was tested, as well as the long‐term effect and the risk of losing VA. Further, the variability of central retinal thickness (CRT) was calculated for each eyes' individual measures during the observation period, excluding the monthly loading phase. The prognostic effect of each factor on VA was estimated by regression analysis. The primary outcome measure was VA, which was correlated with the presence or absence of fluid, seen as IRF, SRF or PED.

Results

A total of 504 treatment naïve eyes from 504 patients was included. The presence of IRF was associated with lower VA at all visits (p < 0.001). However, the presence of SRF or PED was not significantly associated with worse VA at any time point during the observation period. Patients in the upper quartile of CRT variance had a greater loss in VA after 12 and 24 months (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this retrospective cohort study, the presence of intraretinal fluid was associated with poorer visual outcome in neovascular AMD patients treated with anti‐VEGF, but the presence of subretinal fluid and PEDs was not. This suggests that IRF is worse than subretinal fluid and PEDs for AMD outcomes and therefore requires the most intensive treatment. Further, we found that patients with the highest CRT variability during the study period had poorer visual outcomes after 12 and 24 months, indicating that stringent control of retinal fluid volume fluctuations is important to prevent visual acuity decline over time.
The safety of paternal and maternal use of 5‐aminosalicylic acid during conception and pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nørgård Bente Mertz , Friedman Sonia , Kjeldsen Jens , Nielsen Jan
Published: August 2022

Background

Data on the safety of paternal use of 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) prior to conception are lacking, and the safety of maternal use of 5‐ASA during pregnancy has not been examined in nationwide data.

Aims

To examine offspring outcomes after paternal pre‐conception use of 5‐ASA, and after maternal use during pregnancy

Methods

This nationwide cohort study was based on Danish health registries. The study population included live born singletons of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Paternal exposure included 2168 children fathered by men treated with 5‐ASA, and 7732 unexposed. Maternal exposure included 3618 children exposed in utero to 5‐ASA, and 7128 unexposed. The outcomes were pre‐term birth, small for gestational age (SGA), low Apgar score and major congenital abnormalities (CAs) according to EUROCAT guidelines.

Results

The vast majority of fathers and mothers used mesalazine. In children fathered by men with UC using 5‐ASA, we found no increased risk of pre‐term birth, SGA or low Apgar score. The hazard ratio (HR) of CAs was 1.30 (95% CI 0.92–1.85). In children of fathers with CD, the odds ratio (OR) of SGA was 1.52 (95% CI 0.65–3.55). After maternal 5‐ASA exposure, the OR of SGA in children of women with UC was 1.46 (95% CI: 0.93–2.30); for CAs in children of women with CD, HR was 1.44 (95% CI 0.84–2.47).

Conclusions

Paternal and maternal use of 5‐ASA was safe across offspring outcomes; none of the findings reached statistical significance. The safety of 5‐ASA formulations that are used infrequently cannot be settled here.
Meta‐analysis: diagnostic accuracy of hepatitis C core antigen detection during therapy with direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Crespo Daniel , Treviño‐Nakoura Ana , Bellon José M. , Ardizone Jiménez Beatriz , Jiménez‐Sousa María A. , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda , Martínez Isidoro , Resino Salvador
Published: August 2022

Background

Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) is monitored by assessing plasma HCV‐RNA load. However, detection of HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) may be an alternative.

Aim

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the HCVcAg assay to monitor the efficacy of DAAs in HCV‐infected patients

Methods

We performed searches in multiple electronic databases until 6 July 2022, of studies evaluating the HCVcAg detection in plasma or serum compared with the HCV‐RNA test (gold standard). We calculated pooled measurement at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and at end‐of‐treatment (EOT), as well as sustained virological response (SVR; 12 weeks after EOT).

Results

We selected 16 studies from 2016 to 2022, with 3237 patients and 8958 samples. Overall, the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the HCVcAg assay were poor at week 2 (sensitivity = 0.40, specificity = 0.96, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) = 9.16, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) = 0.63, and area under the summary receiver operating curve (SROC) = 0.57), fair at week 4 (sensitivity = 0.30, specificity = 0.90, PLR = 3.18, NLR = 0.77, and AUC = 0.79), acceptable at EOT (sensitivity = 0.40, specificity =0.98, PLR = 16.54, NLR = 0.62, and AUC = 0.97) and excellent for SVR (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.99, PLR = 107.54, NLR = 0.06, and AUC = 0.99).

Conclusions

The HCVcAg assay may be helpful for monitoring the efficacy of HCV treatment with DAAs in HCV‐infected patients at EOT and for documenting SVR, but not at weeks 2 and 4 of treatment due to poor diagnostic performance.
Stratigraphic and geotechnical characterization of regionally extensive and highly competent shallow sand units in the southern North Sea
Authors: Fleischer Matthias , Abegunrin Ayobami , Hepp Daniel A. , Kreiter Stefan , Coughlan Mark , Mörz Tobias
Published: August 2022

A detailed stratigraphic and geotechnical investigation of the uppermost 50 m below the sea floor was carried out for parts of the German North Sea sector using combined information from shallow seismic reflection surveys, 50‐m‐long sediment cores and cone penetration tests covering an area of ~150 km2. While most recent studies concentrate on unusual features such as buried tunnel‐ or river‐valleys, this study focused on the less well understood, regionally dominant sand units deposited after the retreat of the last glaciers in this region. We identified two sandy units which dominate the late‐ to post‐Saalian geology: (i) the Upper Fluvial Member, believed to be derived from deposition of the Weser, Ems and Elbe palaeorivers as well as other tributaries of the Elbe Palaeovalley in the NE during the Saalian; and (ii) the Aeolian Member, which correlates with periglacial deposits of Weichselian age. Additionally, a Saalian Buried Valley Member believed to comprise fluvial deposit was also identified. Key stratigraphic units within the uppermost 50 m below the sea floor were also identified and mapped. Detailed geotechnical properties were obtained for each of the individual stratigraphic units. The regional extent of the Aeolian and Upper Fluvial Members was documented in the region west of the Elbe Palaeovalley and south of the Dogger Bank, where their geotechnical properties are important for foundation design. In conclusion, the study complements the established regional geotechno‐stratigraphy and offers new and detailed publically accessible information beneficial for offshore wind farm development within the region.
An Early Pleistocene interglacial deposit at Pingorsuit, North‐West Greenland
Authors: Bennike Ole , Colgan William , Hedenäs Lars , Heiri Oliver , Lemdahl Geoffrey , Wiberg‐Larsen Peter , Ribeiro Sofia , Pronzato Roberto , Manconi Renata , Bjørk Anders A.
Published: August 2022

At the Pingorsuit Glacier in North‐West Greenland, an organic‐rich deposit that had recently emerged from the retreating ice cap was discovered at an elevation of 480 m above sea level. This paper reports on macrofossil analyses of a coarse detritus gyttja and peaty soil, which occurred beneath a thin cover of till and glacifluvial deposits. The sediments contained remains of vascular plants, mosses, beetles, caddisflies, midges, bryozoans, sponges and other invertebrates. The flora includes black spruce, tree birch, boreal shrubs and wetland and aquatic taxa, which shows that mires, lakes and ponds were present in the area. We describe a new extinct waterwort speciesElatine odgaardii. The fossils were deposited in a boreal environment with a mean July air temperature that was at least 9 °C higher than at present. The fossil assemblages show strong similarities with others from Greenland that have been assigned an Early Pleistocene age, and we suggest a similar age for the sediments found at the margin of the Pingorsuit Glacier.

At the Pingorsuit Glacier in North‐West Greenland, an organic‐rich deposit was discovered at an elevation of 480 m above sea level. The sediments contained remains of vascular plants, mosses, beetles, caddisflies, midges, bryozoans, sponges and other invertebrates. The fossils were deposited in a boreal environment with a mean July air temperature that was at least 9 °C higher than at present.
The interplay between basement fabric, rifting, syn‐rift folding, and inversion in the Rio do Peixe Basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Pichel Leonardo M. , Antunes Alex F. , Fossen Haakon , Rapozo Barbara F. , Finch Emma , Córdoba Valeria C.
Published: August 2022

The Rio do Peixe Basin is part of a series of aborted Cretaceous rifts formed within the Proterozoic Borborema Province, onshore NE Brazil in response to rifting between Africa and South America. The basin is remarkably well‐imaged and comprises fault‐bounded depocentres, the main ones being the NE‐oriented Brejo das Freiras and the E–W‐oriented Sousa half‐grabens. These grabens and their bounding faults are influenced by Neoproterozoic basement shear zones and present a complex framework of secondary normal faults and folds. Recent workers also interpret large reverse faults and regional post‐rift shortening driven by far‐field stresses from the Andes. For those reasons, the basin represents an ideal setting to investigate the multiphase history of rift basins. We thus combine borehole‐calibrated 2D and 3D seismic and magnetic data with section restoration and numerical modelling to investigate the architecture and evolution of this basin. We aim to understand: (i) the controls of the basement fabric in 3D fault architecture and kinematics and (ii) how syn‐rift faults controlled the geometry and development of fault‐related folds. By doing this, we also investigate the timing, kinematics, and magnitude of inversion in the basin to explore its multiphase history. We demonstrate that (i) the basement fabric controlled not only the strike of faults but also their geometry and polarity at depth, (ii) folds in the syn‐rift sequence are attributed simply to syn‐rift extension along stepped and/or curved faults, and (iii) inverted and/or reverse faults occur within the basin, but these are minor and appear to have formed during rifting. We explain this minor inversion by a change in plate kinematics related to the onset of the nearby transform margin to the north. These results have implications for understanding the 3D evolution of oblique grabens, the role of structural inheritance, and the recognition of inversion‐ versus extension‐related folds in rift basins worldwide.
Robust Processing Advantage for Binomial Phrases with Variant Conjunctions
Authors: Chantavarin Suphasiree , Morgan Emily , Ferreira Fernanda
Published: August 2022

Prior research has shown that various types of conventional multiword chunks are processed faster than matched novel strings, but it is unclear whether this processing advantage extends to variant multiword chunks that are less formulaic. To determine whether the processing advantage of multiword chunks accommodates variations in the canonical phrasal template, we examined the robustness of the processing advantage (i.e., predictability) of binomial phrases with non‐canonical conjunctions (e.g.,salt and also pepper; salt as well as pepper). Results from the cloze study (Experiment 1) showed that there was a high tendency of producing the canonical conjunct (pepper), even in the binomials that contained non‐formulaic conjunctions. Consistent with these findings, results from two eye tracking studies (Experiments 2a and 2b) showed that canonical conjuncts were read faster than novel conjuncts that were matched on word length (e.g.,paprika), even in the binomials with variant conjunctions. This robust online processing advantage was replicated in a self‐paced reading study that compared all three conjunction types (Experiment 3). Taken together, these findings show that binomials with variant function words also receive facilitated processing relative to matched novel strings, even though both types of strings are neither conventional nor relatively frequent. Exploratory analyses revealed that this processing speed advantage was driven by the lexical–semantic association between the canonical conjuncts (salt–pepper), rather than lexical and phrasal frequency. Overall, these results highlight flexibility in the processing of multiword chunks that current models of multiword storage and processing must take into account.
Standardizing submaximal exercise intensities for use of supine push–pull exercise during cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Steenhorst Jarno J. , Hirsch Alexander , van den Berg Linda E. M. , Kamphuis Lieke S. , Merkus Daphne , Boersma Eric , Helbing Willem A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging during supine exercise at (sub)maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) offers unique diagnostic insights. However, maximal VO2 is not achievable in the supine position and standardizing submaximal exercise intensities remains challenging. Using heart rate or workload could be a viable option to translate VO2‐based submaximal exercise intensities.

Aim

To translate submaximal exercise intensities upright cycling exercise (UCE) to supine push–pull exercise (SPPE), by comparing heart rate or workload determined during UCE, with heart rate and workload during SPPE at similar exercise intensities.

Methods and Results

Sixteen healthy young adults (20.4 ± 2.2 years; 8 female) underwent cardiopulmonary UCE and SPPE testing [mean ± standard deviation maximal VO2: 3.2 ± 0.6 vs. 5 ± 0.3 L min−1, p < 0.001 and median (interquartile range) of the maximum workload: 310 (244, 361) vs. 98 (98, 100), p < 0.001, respectively]. Heart rate at 40% and 60% of maximal VO2, as determined by UCE, showed low bias (−3 and 0 bpm, respectively) and wide limits of agreement (±26 and ±28 bpm, respectively), in Bland–Altman analysis. VO2/Workload relation was exponential and less efficient during SPPE compared to UCE. Generalized estimated equation analysis predicted model‐based mean workload during SPPE, with acceptable 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion

Heart rate during UCE at submaximal exercise intensities can reasonably well be used to for SPPE in healthy subjects. Using workload, an ergometer specific, model‐based mean can be used to determine exercise intensities during SPPE. Individual variations in response to posture and movement change are high. During clinical interpretation of exercise CMR, individual exercise intensity has to be considered.
Evaluating the efficacy of prototype antiseizure drugs using a preclinical pharmacokinetic approach
Authors: Mensah Jeffrey A. , Johnson Kristina , Reilly Christopher A. , Wilcox Karen S. , Rower Joseph E. , Metcalf Cameron S.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of a drug drive its exposure, efficacy, and tolerability. A thorough preclinical PK assessment of antiseizure medications (ASMs) is therefore essential to evaluate the clinical potential. We tested protection against evoked seizures of prototype ASMs in conjunction with analysis of plasma and brain PK as a proof‐of‐principle study to enhance our understanding of drug efficacy and duration of action using rodent seizure models.

Methods

In vivo seizure protection assays were performed in adult male CF‐1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Clobazam (CLB), N‐desmethyl CLB (NCLB), carbamazepine (CBZ), CBZ‐10,11‐epoxide (CBZE), sodium valproate (VPA), and levetiracetam (LEV) concentrations were quantified in plasma and brain using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of each analyte were calculated and used to determine PK parameters via noncompartmental analysis in Phoenix WinNonLin.

Results

NCLB concentrations were approximately 10‐fold greater than CLB in mice. The antiseizure profile of CLB was partially sustained by NCLB in mice. CLB concentrations were lower in rats than in mice. CBZE plasma exposures were approximately 70% of CBZ in both mice and rats, likely contributing to the antiseizure effect of CBZ. VPA showed a relatively short half‐life in both mice and rats, which correlated with a sharp decline in efficacy. LEV had a prolonged brain and plasma half‐life, associated with a prolonged duration of action in mice.

Significance

The study demonstrates the utility of PK analyses for understanding the seizure protection time course in mice and rats. The data indicate that distinct PK profiles of ASMs between mice and rats likely drive differences in drug efficacy between rodent models.
PGE2 pathway mediates oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Lin , Lv Caihong , Liu Lingyun , Miao Shuying , Xu Yunfei , Li Kexin , Zhao Yao , Zhao Jie
Published: August 2022

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the most abundant prostaglandins and has been implicated in various diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the role of the PGE2 pathway in mediating ferroptosis during acute kidney injury. When renal tubular epithelial cells stimulated by H2O2, the contents of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) decreased, whereas the level of lipid peroxide increased. Ferrostatin‐1 can effectively attenuate these changes. In this process, the expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and COX‐2 were up‐regulated. Meanwhile, the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐2 was elevated, whereas the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 and cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase were down‐regulated. Furthermore, the expression of 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase decreased. An excessive accumulation of PGE2 promoted ferroptosis, whereas the PGE2 inhibitor pranoprofen minimized the changes for COX‐2, GSH, GPX4 and lipid peroxides. A decrease in the levels of the PGE2 receptor E‐series of prostaglandin 1/3 partially restored the decline of GSH and GPX4 levels and inhibited the aggravation of lipid peroxide. Consistent with the in vitro results, increased PGE2 levels led to increased levels of 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine, Fe2+ accumulation and decreased GSH and GPX4 levels during renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury injury in mice. Our results indicate that the PGE2 pathway mediated oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells.
Landscape determinants of pelagic and benthic primary production in northern lakes
Authors: Puts Isolde Callisto , Ask Jenny , Siewert Matthias B. , Sponseller Ryan A. , Hessen Dag O. , Bergström Ann‐Kristin
Published: August 2022

Global change affects gross primary production (GPP) in benthic and pelagic habitats of northern lakes by influencing catchment characteristics and lake water biogeochemistry. However, how changes in key environmental drivers manifest and impact total (i.e., benthic + pelagic) GPP and the partitioning of total GPP between habitats represented by the benthic share (autotrophic structuring) is unclear. Using a dataset from 26 shallow lakes located across Arctic, subarctic, and boreal northern Sweden, we investigate how catchment properties (air temperature, land cover, hydrology) affect lake physico‐chemistry and patterns of total GPP and autotrophic structuring. We find that total GPP was mostly light limited, due to high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations originating from catchment soils with coniferous vegetation and wetlands, which is further promoted by high catchment runoff. In contrast, autotrophic structuring related mostly to the relative size of the benthic habitat, and was potentially modified by CO2 fertilization in the subarctic, resulting in significantly higher total GPP relative to the other biomes. Across Arctic and subarctic sites, DIC and CO2 were unrelated to DOC, indicating that external inputs of inorganic carbon can influence lake productivity patterns independent of terrestrial DOC supply. By comparison, DOC and CO2 were correlated across boreal lakes, suggesting that DOC mineralization acts as an important CO2 source for these sites. Our results underline that GPP as a resource is regulated by landscape properties, and is sensitive to large‐scale global changes (warming, hydrological intensification, recovery of acidification) that promote changes in catchment characteristics and aquatic physico‐chemistry. Our findings aid in predicting global change impacts on autotrophic structuring, and thus community structure and resource use of aquatic consumers in general. Given the similarities of global changes across the Northern hemisphere, our findings are likely relevant for northern lakes globally.
Effect ofHelicobacter pylorion immunotherapy is gaining more attention
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Zheng Huiling , Guo Zhijun , Deng Ruiyi , Yu Wei , Song Yahan , Ding Shigang
Published: August 2022

Background

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has been widely used in tumor therapy and have shown ideal clinical efficacy. However, some cancers still do not respond to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy effectively.Helicobacter pyloriinfection might affect the curative effect of immunotherapy while it is rarely reported. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends ofH. pyloriand immunotherapy using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research.

Methods

The relevant publications onH. pyloriand immunotherapy were searched on April 20, 2022, in the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC). The document types were limited to articles and reviews. The VOSviewer 1.6.16 software was used to assess the co‐authorship, co‐occurrence, citation of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and hotspot keywords. The research status and trend change ofH. pyloriand immunotherapy were analyzed by bibliometric analysis.

Results

A total of 95 studies authored by 561 researchers were eventually included in this study. The majority of the retrieved studies were 55 (58%) original research articles. China conducted the greatest number of studies, followed by USA and Italy. The related topics included the following three aspects: the relationship between microorganisms and cancer, the relationship between gastric cancer and immunity, and the relationship betweenH. pyloriand immunotherapy, including purified/cloned components ofH. pyloriacting as efficient adjuvant to boost tumor responses andH. pyloriinfection which modulate host immune responses and impact on the efficacy of antitumor immunity initiated by immune checkpoint inhibitors. The timing diagram revealed that the current research hotspots focused on effects of microorganisms on immunotherapy.

Conclusion

The effect ofH. pylorion cancer immunotherapy is getting more and more attention in these years. It still remains uncertain, and more studies are needed in the future.
Genetic associations with lymphomas in Polish patients: A pooled‐DNA genome‐wide association analysis
Authors: Paszkiewicz‐Kozik Ewa , Kluska Anna , Piątkowska Magdalena , Bałabas Aneta , Żeber‐Lubecka Natalia , Karczmarski Jakub , Goryca Krzysztof , Kulecka Maria , Wojciechowska‐Lampka Elżbieta , Osiadacz Włodzimierz , Romejko‐Jarosińska Joanna , Świerkowska Monika , Paziewska Agnieszka , Ambrożkiewicz Filip , Walewski Jan , Mikula Michał , Ostrowski Jerzy
Published: August 2022

Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been identified. The aim of this study was to identify susceptibility loci for HL and DLBCL in Polish patients. Altogether, DLBCL (n = 218 and HL patients (n = 224) and healthy individuals (n = 1181) were recruited. Lymphoma diagnosis was based on standard criteria. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed using pooled‐DNA samples on llumina Infinium Omni2.5 Exome‐8 v1.3, and selected loci were replicated by TaqMan SNP genotyping of individuals. GWAS detected thirteen and seven SNPs associated with DLBCL and HL, respectively. In the replication study, six and seven SNPs reached significance after correction for multiple testing in the DLBCL and HL cohorts, respectively. One and four SNPs associated with DLBCL and HL, respectively, were localized within, and two SNPs—near the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. In conclusion, the majority of loci associated with HL and DLBCL aetiology in previous studies have potential roles in immune function. Our pooled‐DNA GWAS enabled the identification of several susceptibility loci for DLBCL and HL in the Polish population; some of them were mapped within or adjacent to the MHC, and other associated SNPs were located outside the MHC.
Association between the interferon‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: August 2022

We aimed to determine whether the interferon (IFN)‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism (rs2430561) is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the association between the IFN‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism and SLE or RA using allele contrast, homozygous contrast, recessive, and dominant models. A total of nine studies (six on SLE and three on RA), involving 1839 patients and 2272 controls, were included in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed a significant association between SLE and the TT genotype of the IFN‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism (odds ratio [OR] = 0.751, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.634–0.899, p = .001), and stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the IFN‐γ +874 TT genotype and the Asian population. The analysis also revealed a significant association between SLE and the TT + TA genotype of the IFN‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism in Arab populations (OR = 1.598, 95% CI = 1.053–2.425, p = .028). However, no association between the IFN‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism and RA was found using allele contrast, recessive, dominant or homozygous contrast models in all study subjects and ethnic groups. This meta‐analysis demonstrated that the IFN‐γ +874 T/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to SLE in Asian and Arab populations.
Turnover intention and retention of newly licensed nurses in their first job: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chang Hyoung Eun , Cho Sung‐Hyun
Published: August 2022

Aim

To examine newly licensed nurses’ retention in their first job and factors related to their turnover.

Background

Newly licensed nurses have a high turnover rate within three years of entering their first job.

Introduction

The factors affecting newly licensed nurses' turnover should be identified and prevented.

Methods

This longitudinal study tracked newly licensed nurses for three years. Data were collected online, and nurses could participate four times in the survey. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival curves and to present nurses’ retention. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze factors related to turnover.

Results

The estimated survival probabilities in nurses’ first job at one, two, and three years were 0.927, 0.778, and 0.686, respectively. Nurses who reported turnover intention within one year in the first survey had significantly lower survival probabilities than those who did not have turnover intention. Turnover was more likely among male nurses. Turnover intention was associated with a significant increased likelihood of nurses leaving their first job.

Discussion

More than one third of newly licensed nurses left their first job within three years of employment. To reduce nurses’ turnover, it is necessary to understand and manage turnover intention in advance. Specific steps should be taken to address male nurses’ turnover.

Conclusions

Turnover intention was the most powerful predictor of turnover. Further research should investigate reasons for turnover intention at the beginning of employment, and strategies to prevent turnover should be developed before nurses enter the workforce.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Newly licensed nurses with turnover intention at the beginning of their career should receive particular attention, and wellness programs should be prepared to promote retention.
COVID‐19 risk perception and associated factors in older adults in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Debancho Tadese Dea , Gebeyehu Eyasu Gambura , Gelgelu Temesgen Bati
Published: August 2022

Background

COVID‐19 remains a public health concern in lower income countries. Risk perception has been studied in different countries with different population groups. However, there have been few studies conducted risk perception on older adults and limited data from African continent. This study aimed to assess coronavirus disease low risk perception level and associated factors among older adults in Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among older adults in Areka town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, from August 1, 2021, to August 30, 2021. Multi‐stage sampling method was applied to select study participants. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire with the mobile application created with Open Data Kit mobile.

Results

Overall, risk perception was fairly low. Risk perception was particularly low among individuals aged 65 to 74 years (AOR = 4.76, 95% CI: 2.35–9.64), poor practice on preventing coronavirus disease (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.51–3.78), with low trust level in medical professionals (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.45–4.10), no history of coronavirus disease (AOR = 6.45, 95%CI [2.02–20.58]), and poor perceived self‐efficacy for preventive practice (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.43–3.54).

Conclusions

In the current study area, the perception of risk of coronavirus disease was affected by age, perceived self‐efficacy, trust in medical professionals, preventive practice, and history of COVID‐19. The findings of this study would help lower income countries to generate evidence‐based policy decisions for older adults during the COVI‐D‐19 pandemic and future pandemic(s).
‘Staying strong’: A constructivist grounded theory of how registered nurses deal with the impact of trauma‐related events in rural acute care practice
Authors: Jahner Sharleen , Penz Kelly , Stewart Norma J. , Morgan Debra , Kulig Judith
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives

This study explored how Registered Nurses (RNs) in rural practice deal with psychologically traumatic events when living and working in the same rural community over time.

Background

Rural RNs who are exposed to trauma may be at high risk for psychological distress (e.g. secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder), in the context of isolated practice and slower emergency response times.

Design and methods

Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory methodology was chosen for this qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 19 RNs from six rural acute care hospitals. A total of 33 interviews were conducted with 19 face‐to‐face initial interviews, 14 follow‐up telephone interviews and 14 reflective journals. Adherence to the COREQ EQUATOR guidelines was maintained.

Results

Participants were exposed to a multitude of trauma‐related events, with their main concern of being intertwined with events for life. They dealt with this by staying strong, which included relying upon others, seeking inner strength, attempting to leave the past behind and experiencing transformational change over time. Being embedded in the community left them linked with these trauma‐related events for life. Staying strong was a crucial element to their ability to cope and to face future events.

Conclusions

The psychological implications of trauma‐related events when working and living in rural acute care practice settings are significant and complex. Findings highlight the need for organizational support and processes and may contribute to improved psychological services and management practices.

Relevance to clinical practice

Key learnings were that rural nurses, who live and work in the same community, experience psychological changes over time from traumatic events that stay with them for life; employers fail to recognise the seriousness of this issue and trauma‐informed policies with associated resources are lacking.
Carbon taxation: A review of the empirical literature
Authors: Köppl Angela , Schratzenstaller Margit
Published: August 2022

In view of the challenges posed by climate change and the increasingly ambitious climate targets around the world, the search for effective climate policy instruments is gaining momentum. Carbon pricing, for example, in the form of a carbon tax, and its effects are therefore attracting increasing attention in academic as well as policy discussions. We review the empirical effects of carbon taxes with regard to several impact dimensions commonly studied in the literature: environmental effectiveness, macroeconomic effects, impacts on competitiveness and innovation, distributional implications, and public acceptance. An increasing body of empirical studies shows that carbon taxes can effectively reduce carbon emissions or at least dampen their growth while not negatively affecting economic growth, employment, and competitiveness. The existing empirical evidence suggests that the distributional impact of carbon taxes depends on the type of energy use and the indicators to capture distributional effects, as well as on household characteristics. Lump‐sum transfers are shown to be better suited to mitigate regressive effects for lower incomes, while higher incomes benefit more from a reduction of labor taxes. Public acceptance of carbon taxes can be increased by providing public information, avoiding negative distributional effects, and channeling part of the revenues into "environmental projects."
Manual vacuum aspiration (women's MVA) for endometrial biopsy for patients with suspected endometrial malignancies
Authors: Saito Etsuko , Matsumoto Yoko , Nitta Satoshi , Fujino Saho , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Mori‐Uchino Mayuyo , Iwase Haruko , Kasamatsu Takahiro , Kugu Koji , Osuga Yutaka
Published: August 2022

Aim

Endometrial biopsy is generally performed with a metal uterine curette sonde; however, recently, many types of vacuum aspirators are available, including the manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) system. We used the women's MVA system for endometrial sampling and evaluated its effectiveness in determining the presence of endometrial malignancy.

Methods

Forty‐seven samples were examined using the following procedures after measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography: fractional curettage biopsy (Bx; 20 samples), total curettage under general anesthesia (T/C; 13 samples), and MVA (14 samples). The quality of the endometrial samples was classified into four types: 1–4, where 1 denoted poor and 4, good quality.

Results

The mean score of the MVA group was significantly higher than that of the partial curettage biopsy group (p = 0.0065). No differences were observed between the MVA and total curettage groups (p = 1.00). When patients were divided into two groups according to endometrial thickness (<10 mm or ≥10 mm) and analyzed, both the MVA and T/C groups did not show a significant difference in their scores compared to the Bx group when the endometrial thickness was <10 mm. However, when the endometrial thickness was ≥10 mm, the MVA and T/C groups had significantly better scores than the Bx group (p = 0.0225 and p = 0.0244, respectively). Vagal reflex, as an adverse event, was observed only in two patients in the Bx group (2/20, 10%).

Conclusion

Considering its quality and safety, Karman‐type MVA for endometrial sampling could be an alternative to fractional curettage using a metallic uterine curette sonde.
Safety and efficacy of levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer
Authors: Hirata Toru , Kondo Eiji , Magawa Shoichi , Kubo‐Kaneda Michiko , Nii Masafumi , Yoshida Kenta , Maezawa Tadashi , Tabata Tsutomu , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: August 2022

Aim

To investigate the recurrence rate, live‐birth rate, and treatment outcomes of levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) for the management of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) or Grade‐1 endometrial cancer (EC) in patients who desire fertility‐sparing treatment and those seeking conservative treatment without fertility preservation.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled nine patients from a single institution between April 2009 and September 2013 who were followed up for 60 months after LNG‐IUD insertion.

Results

The median patient age was 35 (range: 29–39) years. The overall recurrence rate was 56% (5/9). The median interval between removal of the LNG‐IUD and recurrence was 20.5 (range: 2–30) months. Three of the nine patients had Grade‐1 EC, and six had AEH. The response rates to the LNG‐IUD in patients with Grade‐1 EC and AEH were 66% and 100%, respectively. Four patients (three with AEH, one with Grade‐1 EC) experienced recurrence 6 months after MPA treatment and all 4 (100%) had complete response. Eight patients desired fertility preservation, of which 37% (3/8) conceived after receiving fertility treatment and 25% (2/8) had a live birth; the remaining three had previously received MPA for 6 months and had a recurrence; of these, 1 had a live birth.

Conclusion

LNG‐IUD is effective for the management of AEH and EC in young patients who desire fertility‐sparing treatment, including those ineligible for MPA owing to the presence of comorbidities and those with recurrence after MPA treatment (6‐month treatment), and patients seeking conservative treatment without fertility preservation.
Psychobiographical trends: Untold stories and international voices in the context of social change
Authors: Mayer Claude‐Hélène
Published: August 2022

Objective

This article describes the increase of publications in the area of psychobiography, thereby analysing the trends in the articles published in the special issue on psychobiography and social agency and activism. It further highlights the specific approaches taken by autobiographers who write psychobiographical accounts of extraordinary individuals and “everyday heroes” in their attempt of creating social impact in specific socio‐cultural groups, societies or even on a global level.

Method

This is a conceptional article which comments on the trends presented in this special issue.

Results

This article presents a discussion of the special issue and its impact.

Conclusions

New trends in psychobiography are discussed and show the way forward for psychobiography.
‘For the most part it works’: Exploring how authors navigate peer review feedback
Authors: Watling Christopher , Shaw Jennifer , Field Emily , Ginsburg Shiphra
Published: August 2022

Background

Peer review aims to provide meaningful feedback to research authors so that they may improve their work, and yet it constitutes a particularly challenging context for the exchange of feedback. We explore how research authors navigate the process of interpreting and responding to peer review feedback, in order to elaborate how feedback functions when some of the conditions thought to be necessary for it to be effective are not met.

Methods

Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, we interviewed 17 recently published health professions education researchers about their experiences with the peer review process. Data collection and analysis were concurrent and iterative. We used constant comparison to identify themes and to develop a conceptual model of how feedback functions in this setting.

Results

Although participants expressed faith in peer review, they acknowledged that the process was emotionally trying and raised concerns about its consistency and credibility. These potential threats were mitigated by factors including time, team support, experience and the exercise of autonomy. Additionally, the perceived engagement of reviewers and the cultural norms and expectations surrounding the process strengthened authors' willingness and capacity to respond productively. Our analysis suggests a model of feedback within which its perceived usefulness turns on the balance of threats and countermeasures.

Conclusions

Feedback is a balancing act. Although threats to the productive uptake of peer review feedback abound, these threats may be neutralised by a range of countermeasures. Among these, opportunities for autonomy and cultural normalisation of both the professional responsibility to engage with feedback and the challenge of doing so may be especially influential and may have implications beyond the peer review setting.
Rolling‐horizon–based strategy of fully cooperative traffic under signalized intersections
Authors: Yao Yifan , Zhou Yang , Xia Jingxin , Wang Xin , Li Xiaotian , Ran Bin
Published: August 2022

Dedicated left‐turn lanes are traditionally used at intersections. This practice may not be optimal where heavy traffic exists from multiple directions. As is well known, the capacity can be increased if vehicles are grouped in the same direction in advance, but the additional infrastructure is usually needed, such as presignal systems. Fortunately, under the development of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology, the presignal system can be achieved by coordinating vehicles directly. To this end, we establish a modeling framework and management strategies for pure CAV traffic to achieve direction‐based grouping. A rolling time‐horizon–based sorting strategy is developed to achieve real‐time coordination under uncertain vehicle arrivals. A series of numerical experiments have shown that the improvement of the proposed sorting strategy is significant and robust compared with traditional dedicated left‐turn lane intersections without coordination, especially when the traffic is busy.