bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eesti keele teise keelena uurimine Tartu Ülikoolis - hetkeseis ja perspektiivid
Authors: Pool Raili
Published: September 2019

The article gives an overview of the studies conducted at the University of Tartu on Estonian as a second language and of the methodology and study aids designed for learning and teaching Estonian. While several BA theses have been defended on the acquisition of Estonian as a second language, there are but few MA theses and only one PhD the-sis on the topic, leaving this research area still largely uncharted. Various traditional and interactive study aids have been designed at the Department of Estonian as a Foreign Language; the aim is to cre-ate web-based study aids for learners of Estonian. Future prospects for research at the University of Tartu on Estonian as a second language depend on the relevant units being able to attract young researchers who are interested in the topic and who can form a research team to study it.
Eesti keelekogukonna säilimisest Taanis
Authors: Teral Maarika , Allik Mari
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the use of the Estonian language by the first and second generation of Estonians, living in Denmark. The first generation of Estonians came to Denmark as a consequence of World War II, in 1944. This group of Estonians is defined in this study as the first generation. The second generation are the children of the first generation, born already in Denmark. First generation Estonians living in Denmark have preserved their mother tongue, however number of second generation Danish Estonians still speaking Estonian is very small. Carol Myers-Scotton discussed some specific factors that seem to influence language maintenance and shift (2006). She grouped the factors into three categories: the societal-level factors; the ingroup factors; and individual views and aspirations. Our analysis will be based on the factors contributing to the preserving of the L1 presented by Carol Myers-Scotton.
Helle Metslang 60
Authors: Erelt Mati
Published: September 2019

29. juulil 2010 sai 60-aastaseks Tartu ülikooli tänapäeva eesti keele professor Helle Metslang
Konditsionaal relatiivlauses
Authors: Pajusalu Renate , Pajusalu Karl
Published: September 2019

Käesolev artikkel vaatleb eesti keele konditsionaali ühte kasutuskonteksti: konditsionaalse verbivormiga relatiivlause rolli oma korrelaadi spetsiifilisuse/ebaspetsiifilisuse implitseerimisel. Materjal põhineb Tartu ülikooli morfoloogiliselt ühestatud korpusel, mis sisaldab nii suulist kui ka kirjalikku keelekasutust. Konditsionaalsel relatiivlausel on kogutud materjali ja keeletaju järgi otsustades oluline roll peasõna tõlgendamisel ebaspetsiifiliseks. Selle funktsiooni motivatsioon seisneb ilmselt konditsionaali eitavas tähenduskomponendis, mis vaadeldud lausekonstruktsioonides siirdub relatiivlause mentaalsest ruumist selle peasõna mentaalsesse ruumi. See tähendusnüanss toimib implikatuurina, st on põhimõtteliselt tühistatav konteksti muude osade poolt. Kui konditsionaalse relatiivlause peasõna on kontekstis üheselt spetsiifiline, siis on konditsionaali roll osutada muudele kontekstis esinevatele ebamäärasustele
Verba dicendi, sentiendi et sciendi ja neid sisaldavad konstruktsioonid 17. sajandi ja 18. sajandi alguse kirjakeeles
Authors: Ross Kristiina
Published: September 2019

Eesti kirjakeele morfosüntaksi kujunemisel mängisid olulist osa 16.–18. sajandi vaimulikud tõlked, mille loomise käigus kohandati seni suulisena funktsioneerinud rahvakeel kirjalike kristlike tekstide nõuetele. Artiklis vaadeldakse ühe väikese morfosüntaktilise rühma arenguid sel perioodil. Ana-lüüsitakse konstruktsioone, milles ütlemist, tajumist ja teadmist väljendavaid verbe laiendab infiniitne vorm. Kirjeldatakse niisuguseid konstruktsioone rahvalaulukeeles, eeskujukeeltes ja varases kirjakeeles ning jõutakse järeldusele, et vastavad rahvakeelsed mallid võeti kirjakeeles suhteliselt vara kasutusele tänu sellele, et eeskujukeeled pakkusid nende rakendamiseks soodsaid võimalusi. 17. sajandi alguse põhjaeesti kirjakeeles tarvitati neis konstruktsioonides läbisegi partitsiipi ja infinitiivi, sest eri murded pakkusidki eri võimalusi (tüdruk kuulis poissi laulVAT/ laulMA). Partitsiipsete konstruktsioonide kirjakeelne kasutus põhjaeesti tekstides erines alguses rahvakeelsest ning selles võib oletada klassikaliste keelte eeskuju. 17. sajandi lõpus loobuti põhjaeesti kirjakeeles infinitiivsetest konstruktsioonidest partitsiipsete kasuks. Niisuguses valikus võib näha lõunaeesti mõju, aga ka soovi vältida võimalikke germanisme, millega infinitiivseid konstruktsioone võidi siduda.
"Työpaja heitethiin yhtheiselä tansila" keelekontaktid ja meänkeel
Authors: Sulkala Helena
Published: September 2019

Artiklis kirjeldatakse Põhja-Rootsis kõneldava meän-keele tekkimislugu ja selle keele praegust keelekontaktidest mõjutatud kirjalikku kuju. Vanal soome murdel põhinev meänkeel on laenanud rootsi keelest nii fonoloogilisi, morfoloogilisi, süntaktilisi kui ka leksikaalseid jooni. Saami keelte mõju ja praeguse soome kirjakeele mõju on vähesem ja raskemini märgatav. Näidetest on võimalik näha, kuidas soome ja rootsi keele jooned meänkeeles ühinevad ja kuidas meänkeele kirjakeel liigub soome kirjakeelest kaugemale mitte ainult laensõnade tõttu, vaid ka morfosüntaktiliselt.
Foreign language learning and education in minority circumstances. Problems and possible solutions
Authors: Batyi Szilvia
Published: September 2019

Some form of bi- and multilingualism means the naturallingual condition for more than the half of the population of the Earth. It is a substantial linguistic aim of the Transcarpathian Hungarian community that beside preservation of their mother tongue (the Hungarian), acquire the state language (the Ukrainian language) and the basis of at least one world language. But this aim is hindered by a lot of things in Transcarpathia. The goal of the study isto shed light on these problems and to find possible solutions based on two researches. The first research, which was carried out in the Tanscarpathian Hungarian schools, was to reveal the conditions and problems of foreign language education. The research threwlight on numerous problems that approve the low level of foreign language knowledge of the Tanscarpathian Hungarian youth. Attitudes and stereotypes influence the success of foreign language acquisition. For this reason in the second part of the study I would like to show, what kind of stereotypes and attitudes can be discovered in the parents (who are lay linguistically and language pedagogically) concerning foreign languages, and within this especially concerning the English language. It appears from the interviews, that nor the attitudes of the state towards foreign languages that was inherited from the soviet system, neither the impassiveness of the parents improves the positive attitudes in the Transcarpathian Hungarian students towards foreign languages, and nor the state, neither the parents approve the motivation of foreign language acquisition.
Teaching the heritage language as a foreign language: on the questions of bilingualism and minority language teaching in Austria
Authors: Csire Marta , Laakso Johanna
Published: September 2019

Although Hungarians in Austria are an officially recognised ethnic minority, surprisingly little attention has been given tothe specific problems in teaching Hungarian as a heritage language.This paper focuses on the situation of heritage-language students who study Hungarian as part of a university curriculum in Vienna, together with German speakers. These students have learnt colloquial varieties of Hungarian as a spoken language in their families but typically have no formal training in the standard written language. This leads to learners’ errors which are often due to lacking language awareness: heritage-language students are unable to analyse their grammatical intuitions. It is also obvious that heritage-language students do not profit from traditional second-language teaching methods and material; furthermore, heterogeneous teaching groups rather create than solve problems. These issues, probably critical for an increasing group of multilingual speakers in many countries, call for more differentiated approaches to language planning and educational strategies.
Challenges of Hungarian high education in Ukraine
Authors: Ferenc Victoria
Published: September 2019

Hungarians in Ukraine have a well organized educational system that covers institutions from the kindergarten to the university. At first glance it may look like that the maintenance of the Transcarpathian Hungarians in Ukraine is guaranteed, however, we have to see that minority education (which is one of the key-issue of the maintenance of the community) is threatened by several factors. In the given paper I will take under investigation only two of these factors. On the one hand the Ukrainian state language policy would like to strengthen the position of the state language even at the expense of other languages and education is used as a means of achieving these aims. On the other hand, while education is one of the effective and powerful means of achieving social goals of the minority and choosing the language of instruction is a crucial part of language education policy, minority universities neglect serious language planning activity. It is high time forevery institute to work out an individual university language policytaking into account their own aims and personal conditions.
Between language maintenance and language shift: the Slovenian community in Italy today and tomorrow
Authors: Jagodic Devan
Published: September 2019

The paper focuses on the processes of language maintenance and shift among the Slovenian community in north-eastern Italy, from both the present and future perspectives, and presents the results of two empirical studies. The first offers a quantitative analysis of the linguistic behaviour of the Slovenian community members, in order to provide information about the level of minority language maintenance or the gradual shift towards Italian. The intergenerational comparison brings into focus some divergences among two differentage groups and indicates the variables that cooperate to establish them.The second study explores the challenges that the Slovenian community must face in order to encourage the use of the minority language among non-Slovenian speakers. Relying on qualitative data obtained by a series of in-depth interviews with representatives of Slovenian political, cultural and economic organizations in Italy, the study aims to identify some possible strategies for the spread and promotion of the Slovenian language among the wider society.
The Council of Europe and the European Union frameworks in the legal protection of minority languages: unity or diversity?
Authors: Vacca Alessia
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the comparison between European Union Law and Council of Europe Law in the field of the protection of minority languages and looks at the relationships between the two systems. The Council of Europe has been very important in the protection of minority languages, having created two treaties of particular relevance: the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 1992 and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 1995; both treaties contain many detailed provisions relating to minority languages. Not all countries, even of the European Union, have ratified these treaties. 12 out of 27 EU countries did not ratify the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The European Union supports multilingualism because it wants to achieve unity while maintaining diversity. Important steps, with respect to minority languages, were taken in the European Community, notably in the form of European Parliament Resolutions. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, approved in Nice the 7th December 2000, contains art. 21 and art. 22 related to this topic. The Treaty of Lisbon makes a cross reference to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union which is, consequently, legally binding under the Treaty of Lisbon since December 2009. The Charter could give ground for appeal to the European Court of Justice in cases of discrimination on the grounds of language
Anthroponymy as an element identifying national minority: the characteristics of Polish Old Believers’ names
Authors: Ziolkowska Magdalena
Published: September 2019

The paper focuses on Polish Old Believers’ anthroponymy as the element identifying the group. The Old Believers are one of the ethnic, religious and national minorities in Poland.They came here shortly after the schism in Russian Orthodox Church. They settled down in North-Eastern Poland in the second half of the 18th century. Their descendants live there till now. After coming to Poland, Russian immigrants were living in hermetic, homogenous communities. This protected their religion and culture from strong exterior influence. After the Second World War the community became more open to external world. Nowadays, after a number of civilizing and geopolitical transformations, the isolation practically disappeared making the Old Believers’ culture defenceless against influence of dominant Polish culture. Together with all that changes the Old Believers’ anthroponymy has been transformed. Contemporary Polish Old Believers’ anthroponymy consists of Russian and Polish (in Masuria region – Russian, Polish and German) elements, as a result of bilingualism (and multi-lingualism on Masuria).
Plurilingual competence, styles and variation
Authors: Kalliokoski Jyrki
Published: September 2019

The paper explores plurilingual competence in respect to language proficiency, language education and pluri- and multilingualism. The notion of communicative competence was introduced by Hymes (1972) as a reaction to chomskyan view of language as an autonomous system. Hymes’ notion of communicative competence originally included plurilingualism. The concept of communicative competence was quickly adopted to applied linguistics but the idea of a linguistic repertoire consist-ing of the competencies of linguistic varieties was not imported to SLA or language testing. The Hymesian perspective to plurilingualism as an essential dimension of communicative competence was revived in the Common European Framework (CEFR). However, the practice of applying the CEFR has mostly neglected the dimension on plurilingualism and plurilingual competence. The focus in the use of the CEFR has been on the different areas of language skills within one single language at a time, while the application of plurilingual practices has gained very little attention. The Hymesian notion of communicative competence has lived on in the sociolinguistic research tradition, especially within interactional sociolinguistics. The present paper relates the notion of plurilingual competence to its hymesian origin, to recent trends in plurilingual and pluricultural education, and to the sociolinguistic study of style and linguistic variation in multilingual communities. The article uses Finnish L2 data to show how plurilingual competence is used as an interactional resource. From the perspective of language learning, plurilingual compe-tence enables speakers with different linguistic backgrounds to use their shared linguistic repertoire in order to ensure smooth interaction and achieve mutual understanding
Developing English language support for the lingua franca learning environments at the master’s level
Authors: Pitkänen Kari K. , Lehtonen Tuula , Siddall Roy , Virkkunen-Fullenwider Anu
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on the changing landscape of international higher education and the role language plays in the current trend towards internationalization through English-medium Master’s Degree Programmes at the University of Helsinki. We provide an overview of the changing situation, with the increasing number of new English-medium programmes, and discuss the development of language support designed to meet the needs of the students in these programmes. This paper is based on a pilot project for developing language support for these programmes at the University of Helsinki
Differences in the distribution of colour terms in colour space in the Russian, Udmurt and Komi languages
Authors: Ryabina Elena
Published: September 2019

This article compares data of Russian, Udmurt and Komi on the distribution of colour terms in Ostwald’s colour space. Data of Russian derive from an article by Davies and Corbett (1994). Data from Udmurt and Komi were originally collected by using the field method suggested for establishing basic colour terms by Davies and Corbett (1994, 1995). Sixty-five coloured tiles were used as stimuli. It was found that the distribution of colour terms differed even in closely related languages. In addition, there are differences in the distribution of the pink colour in the Southern and Northern dialects of Udmurt. It can be argued that the distribution of colour terms in colour space is language-specific and dependent on culture. The data on unrelated languages showed that colour perception by Northern Udmurt subjects, compared to that by Southern Udmurts, was more influenced by Russian. Udmurt, like Russian, possesses a term for light blue, which in the Northern dialect was located in the same part of colour space as in Russian
Outdoors on the shores of the Baltic: gradience in the grammaticalization of the exterior-region
Authors: Karjus Andres
Published: September 2019

The change of a lexical element into a grammatical (closed class) element must necessarily include intermediary stages where the element is considered gradually less lexical and more grammatical. The central assumptions in this study are the gradualness and gradience of grammaticalization, that natural language change cannot happen overnight, and that the change is driven by individual speakers of a language community (cf. Traugott and Trousdale 2010: 23, 26). Using a data sample from a questionnaire on spatial grams of the EXTERIOR-REGION (cf. Svorou 1994) in Estonian, Võro and Latvian, an attempt is made to model diachronic gradualness through synchronic gradience. The analysis and the explication thereof are carried out using multidimensional scaling, a statistical modelling method used akin to semantic maps.
Wennekülla Hans and Estonian church language
Authors: Põldvee Aivar
Published: September 2019

In the 17th century two Estonian literary languages were standardised. As literary language was needed primarily for translating ecclesiastical texts and for worship services, it evolved as a church language that was created mainly by German pastors, following the example of the German language. At the end of the 17th century, in connection with the translation of the Bible and the establishment of Estonian schools, there emerged a need to renew the literary language and make it more approachable for the common people. The reforms created a situation where church manuals that differed in dialects, orthography and wording were used simultaneously. The case of Wennekülla Hans in the year 1700 demonstrates how a peasant reacted to that confusion. Wennekülla Hans, who was a self-appointed preacher in the parish of Paistu/Paistel, got caught up in a conflict with the pastor Andreas Hornung, who belonged to the circle of language innovators. The peasant accused the pastor of false teaching because the pastor was using a church manual with a modified language version. The case is one of the earliest examples of the evolution of a literary language into a sociolect that was used not only by clergymen but by peasants as well.
More on possible Forest Enets – Ket contacts
Authors: Siegl Florian
Published: September 2019

In this paper linguistic traces of the Enets’ migration to the Taimyr Peninsula are addressed. Special attention is paid to Forest Enets–Ket contacts and a tentative etymology for the (Forest) Enets’ ethnonym for Kets and Selkups is offered. Of special importance is a likely Enets place name in Northern Evenkija, an area from which no Enets place names have been reported earlier. As the same area is inhabited by speakers of the northern dialect of Ket, this area should be seen as a possible contact area for the unusual case of pronoun borrowing in Forest Enets as discussed in Siegl (2008)
Differential object marking and information structure: on the function of two different pronominal accusatives in Komi and Khanty dialects
Authors: Klumpp Gerson
Published: September 2019

The present contribution calls attention to a marginal but interesting phenomenon of variation in grammar, namely the employment of two different accusative markings for pronominal objects encountered (i) in dialect texts from the Komi varieties of Upper Vym’ and Luza, and (ii) in varieties of Kazym-Khanty, i.e. in two different branches of Uralic (Permic and Ugric). Based on contextual observations an explanation in terms of information structure is achieved: as will be argued, in both language varieties, additional accusative forms of pronominal object expressions signal their focality resp. non-focality. The study contributes to the theory of differential object marking by establishing focality as one of its parameters
Enesevaatlus lugemistesti valiidsuse uurimisel
Authors: Kikerpill Tiina
Published: September 2019

Artikkel põhineb eesti keele B2-taseme eksami lugemisülesannete valiidsust käsitleval uurimusel. Valiidsuse põhiküsimus on, kas test mõõdab seda, mida on soovitud mõõta. Lugemistesti valideerimisel on testi teoreetilise ja tulemuste statistilise analüüsi kõrval tähtis koht enesevaatluse (introspektsioon, retrospektsioon) käigus kogutud andmetel. Eksamistatistika põhjal on võimalik välja selgitada lugemisülesannete probleemsed küsimused, kuid probleemide põhjuste väljaselgitamiseks on vaja uurida, mis tegelikult ülesannete täitmise käigus toimub: mida testitavad mõtlevad ja missuguste otsustuste tulemusena vastusteni jõuavad. Eesti keele B2-taseme eksami lugemisülesannete valiidsusuuringus osales kümme vene emakeelega TÜ üliõpilast, kes introspektiivselt täitsid eksami kaks lugemisülesannet ning vastasid sooritusjärgsetele küsimustele. Enesevaatluse teel kogutud andmete analüüs kombineerituna testiteoreetilise ja statistilise analüüsiga näitas, et vaatluse all olnud ülesanded mõõtsid eesmärgiks olnud oskusi osaliselt. Uurimuse tulemused osutasid muu hulgas vajadusele täpsustada ülesandetüüpidega mõõdetavaid oskusi ja pöörata enam tähelepanu lähtetekstide kohandamisele
Aeg ja aspekt
Authors: Norvik Miina , Piiroja Piret
Published: September 2019

Artikli eesmärgiks on anda teoreetiline ülevaade aja- ja aspektikategooriast ning siduda eesti aja- ja aspektikäsitlusi maailma keeleteaduse vastavate uurimissuundadega. Ajakategooria puhul tuuakse välja selle deiktiline olemus ehk vajadus pidepunkti järele, ning näidatakse, kuidas lähtepunktist tulenevalt eristuvad absoluutne, relatiivne ja absoluut-relatiivne aeg. Seejärel tutvustatakse Hans Reichenbachi (1947) jooniste alusel üht võimalust, kuidas keelelist aega esitada graafiliselt: näidatakse, kuidas kujutatakse oleviku, mineviku ja tuleviku aega, võttes arvesse kõnehetke, sündmushetke ja vaatlushetke. Aspekti juures seletatakse aspekti mittedeiktilisust, kuid samas rõhutatakse selle seotust ajaga. Artiklis antakse ülevaade grammatilise aspekti tüüpilisest vastandusest, milleks on imperfektiivsus versus perfektiivsus, tutvustatakse Zeno Vendleri (1967) situatsioonitüüpe ning tuuakse esile, et aspektist saab rääkida ka lausest suuremate üksuste puhul. Põgusalt on käsitletud ka aja ja aspekti teiseseid tähendusi.Tense and aspect. The aim of this paper is to give a theoretical overview of the cateories of tense and aspect. An attempt is made to bring together Estonian treatments of tense and aspect with the similar theoretical approaches in the world. In relation to the cateory of tense its deictic nature is emphasized and it is shown how it is possible to distinguish absolute, relative and absolute-relative tense depending on the reference point. Based on the drawings by Hans Reichenbach (1947) a way to represent tense graphically is introduced: it is demonstrated how present, past and future tenses can be represented by using the notions of ’point of speech’, ’point of the event’, and ’point of reference’. In relation to the category of aspect the non-deictic nature of aspect is explained, emphasizing at the same time that regardless of that there still is a connection with the category of tense, only of different nature. The article gives an overview of the typical aspectual distinction of imperfective versus perfective and introduces Zeno Vendler’s (1967) situation types. It also points out that aspect can be a property of discourse segments larger than the sentence. The secondary meanings of tense and aspect are discussed only briefly.
Keel meeles: kontseptuaalsest semantikast
Authors: Paulsen Geda
Published: September 2019

Kontseptuaalne semantika on kognitiivse suunitlusega keeleteaduse haru, mille eesmärgiks on välja töötada teooria keele toimimisest tajusüsteemi osana. Kontseptuaalset semantikat iseloomustab pürgimus erinevate keelega seotud kognitiivsete alasüsteemide ja nendevaheliste seoste võimalikult täpse formaalse analüüsi suunas. Käesolev artikkel annab ülevaate kontseptuaalse semantika peamistest teoreetilistest seisukohtadest ning nende metodoloogilisest väljendusviisist, asetades teooria üldisemasse keeleteaduslikku konteksti. Tutvustan lähemalt soome keeleteadlase Urpo Nikanne kontseptuaalse semantika tierneti mudeli metodoloogiat, mille abil analüüsin eesti ja soome keele neutraalsete liikumisverbide minema ja mennä/lähteä leksikaalset kontseptuaalset struktuuri ning nn sujumiskonstruktsioonide (X läheb hästi/lörri) semantikat.Language in mind: about conceptual semantics. This paper discusses the framework of conceptual semantics and its methodological solutions for the semantic analysis. The conceptual semantics theory, based on the ideas of Ray Jackendoff, strives for an integration of the psychological reality of linguistic information with other linguistic faculties. The article discusses the central theoretical assumptions and aims of this theory and also gives a brief presentation of the basic methodology of Urpo Nikanne’s tiernet model of conceptual semantics. The tiernet technology is the basis for the analysis of the lexical conceptual structure of the Finnish neutral motion verbs mennä ‘go’ and lähteä ‘go from a place’ as well as of the Estonian counterpart minema ‘go’. Two “(un)success-constructions” in connection with these verbs are also discussed.
Kollostruktsioonilised meetodid ja konstruktsioonilise varieerumise tuvastamine
Authors: Uiboaed Kristel
Published: September 2019

Käesolev artikkel uurib kahe verbi ühendeid ja nende varieerumist eesti murretes. Artikkel tutvustab üht kvantitatiivse korpuslingvistika meetodit – kollostruktsioonilist analüüsi – ja rakendab seda eesti murrete verbikonstruktsioonide tuvastamiseks. Kui kõigi murrete verbikonstruktsioonid on tuvastatud, vaadeldakse nende varieerumist murretes ning esitatakse eesti murrete jaotus verbikonstruktsioonide alusel. Tulemused osutavad, et verbikonstruktsioonipõhine varieerumine murretes viib hoopis teistsuguse rühmituseni kui traditsiooniline murdejaotus. Verbikonstruktsioonidevahelised erinevused murretes on kõige suuremad ida- ja läänepoolsemate murrete vahel, kusjuures idapoolsemad murded kasutavad eri konstruktsioone märkimisväärselt vähem kui läänemurded.Collostructional methods and verb constructions in Estonian dialects. The present work studies finite and non-finite verb constructions and their variation in Estonian dialects. Article gives an overview of collostructional methods and applies the method to detect verb constructions in Estonian dialects. Detected constructions are studied further to explore which finite verbs show grammaticalization tendencies in different dialects. Constructionbased division of dialects is presented. Results indicate that construction based classification of dialects leads to different groups compared to traditional dialect classifications. Major differences occur between eastern and western dialects, whereas western dialects use different verb constructions considerably more than eastern dialects do.
Translation of Tropes and Stylistic Devices in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Novel “Everything Is Illuminated”
Authors: Шидловская Диана , Shidlovskaya Diana
Published: September 2019

Stylistic devices and tropes are the elements of style that give an extra, figurative meaning to a written or oral text. They include metaphors, simile, allegory, paradox, word game and so on. Each author uses them in different ways to make their works more expressive and emotionally dense. Sometimes stylistic devices and tropes can manifest themselves as the characteristics of an author’s individual style. Metaphoric language and bizarre manner of representation are particularly common for the authors of the postmodern era. When it comes to translation of these works from one language to another the process is fraught with pitfalls and challenges for the translator. In the translation studies it’s believed that literary translation requires not only precise rendition of the contents but also conveyance of the stylistic features of a work. This article is dedicated to the analysis of the stylistic devices and tropes used in the novel “Everything Is Illuminated” by Jonathan Safran Foer and their translation from English into Russian. The aim of this work is to identify what kind of translation techniques are used by the translator V. A. Arkanov to render the linguistic and stylistic properties of the original text.
Using the Authentic Video Materials in Teaching Listening Skills Lesson of Russian as a Foreign Language (Based On the Series of Sitcom «Daddy’s Daughters»)
Authors: Чернявская Янина , Chernyavskaya Yanina
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the organization of work with the feature film in teaching listening in the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. The exercises that are presented in the article can be used in a audience while watching the sitcom “Daddy’s daughters” with the foreigners. The article demonstrates a model of work with students who speak Russian at the level of A2-B1 (under the condition of knowing grammar material, such as participles, short adjectives, comparative, etc.), as well as options for tasks for more advanced levels.
Development of Communicative Skills of Foreign Students in the Russian Language Based on Visual AIDS
Authors: Бердичевский В. , Berdichevskiy V.
Published: September 2019

The article discusses some issues of the use of visual teaching aids for the Russian language of foreign students, mainly from China and Southeast Asia, based on the mentality of representatives of these countries. The basis is the experience of teaching RFLs at the preparatory department for foreign citizens of Moscow State Pedagogical University.
Impulsiveness and cyclothymic traits of affective temperament as predictors of risky gambling behavior
Authors: Turek Aleksander , Machalska Karolina , Chrobak Adrian , Siwek Marcin , Dudek Dominika
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Hazard patologiczny charakteryzuje się obniżoną kontrolą poznawczą i behawioralną, które prowadzi do naruszenia wartości i zobowiązań społecznych, rodzinnych, zawodowych i materialnych. Hazard patologiczny cechuje wysoka współchorobowość z chorobami afektywnymi. Liczne badania wskazały na podwyższoną impulsywność u pacjentów z zaburzeniami ze spektrum zaburzeń dwubiegunowych w stanie eutymii, jak i u osób patologicznie uprawiających hazard.
Cel badania: Określenie cech dwubiegunowości oraz impulsywności u osób uprawiających hazard patologiczny, w porównaniu do osób uprawiających hazard niepatologiczny i osób nieuprawiających hazardu. Określenie interakcji pomiędzy cechami temperamentu afektywnego, impulsywnością i nasileniem zachowań hazardowych.

Metoda

W badaniu wzięło udział 139 uczestników (63 kobiet), średnia wieku uczestnika wyniosła 30,32 (SD = 10,69). Do pomiaru impulsywności użyto Skali Impulsywności Barratta, do pomiaru afektywnych cech temperamentalnych użyto kwestionariusz Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Objawy zaburzeń ze spektrum afektywnych dwubiegunowych zmierzono kwestionariuszami Mood Disorder Questionnaire i Hypomania Checklist-32. Kanadyjski Indeks Gier Hazardowych (CPGI) wykorzystano do oceny stopnia nasilenia hazardu patologicznego. Polskie wersje kwestionariuszy anonimowo wypełniono drogą internetową.

Wyniki

Osoby uprawiające hazard patologiczny (N=36) uzyskiwały istotnie wyższe wyniki w podskalach Impulsywności ruchowej, Cyklotymiczności i Drażliwości,
w porównaniu do osób uprawiających hazard niepatologiczny (N=61) i osób nieuprawiających hazardu (N=42). Cyklotymiczność i impulsywność ruchowa były predyktorami CPGI. Interakcja obu predyktorów była istotna - wyższa impulsywność ruchowa wiązała się ze zwiększonym wpływem cech cyklotymicznych temperamentu afektywnego na stopień hazardu patologicznego.

Wnioski

Uzyskane wyniki są zgodne ze wcześniejszymi badaniami wskazującymi na podwyższoną impulsywność i cechy ze spektrum dwubiegunowości wśród osób uprawiających hazard patologicznie. Wpływ cech temperamentu afektywnego na nasilenie patologicznego hazardu jest moderowany przez impulsywność.
Organisational units providing psychiatric services for adults – an analysis based on National Health Fund data for 2010–2016
Authors: Anczewska Marta , Biechowska Daria , Gałecki Piotr , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata , Koń Beata , Skrzypkowska-Brancewicz Blanka , Śremska Anna , Urbanski Filip , Więckowska Barbara , Zięba Mariusz , Kucharska Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza jednostek organizacyjnych psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej dla dorosłych, dokonana na podstawie danych o świadczeniach sprawozdanych do Narodowego Funduszu Zdrowia w latach
2010–2016.

Metoda

Analizie poddano następujące formy opieki: poradnia zdrowia psychicznego, oddział psychiatrii ogólnej, odział dzienny ogólny, zespół leczenia środowiskowego oraz psychiatryczna izba przyjęć. Jednostki analizowano pod kątem ich liczby, wykorzystania i dostępności. Ponadto dokonano wstępnej symulacji oczekiwanych Centrów Zdrowia Psychicznego.

Wyniki

W Polsce, na przestrzeni lat 2010–2016, liczba świadczeniodawców usług psychiatrycznych, realizowanych w ramach umów z NFZ wzrosła o 5%. W analizowanych latach najprężniej rozwijały się zespoły leczenia środowiskowego: ich liczba wzrosła o 282%, jednak z tej formy korzystał znikomy (1,9%) odsetek pacjentów. Najwyższy współczynnik hospitalizacji na oddziałach psychiatrii ogólnej występował w powiatach, gdzie dostępny był oddział psychiatryczny ogólny i poradnia zdrowia psychicznego, a nie funkcjonował oddział dzienny psychiatryczny i zespół leczenia środowiskowego. W 2016 r. funkcjonowała niewielka liczba podmiotów zapewniających opiekę kompleksową. Ze wstępnej symulacji wynika, że w 2016 r. powinno funkcjonować 156 Centrów Zdrowia Psychicznego, przy założeniu, że każde obejmowałoby opieką 200 tys. mieszkańców.

Wnioski

Dla uzyskania pełnego obrazu struktury organizacyjnej wskazane byłoby analizowanie dokładnego rozmieszczenia geograficznego jednostek, zasobów personalnych w poszczególnych jednostkach organizacyjnych oraz – na przykładzie podobnych analiz prowadzonych w innych krajach – uwzględnienie nakładów finansowych przeznaczanych na opiekę psychiatryczną w jej różnych formach.
COMPORTAMENTOS DE RISCO SANITÁRIO DE USUÁRIOS DE UM RESTAURANTE UNIVERSITÁRIO NA CIDADE DE NITERÓI, RJ, BRASIL
Authors: Gama Jessica Lourenço , Medeiros Maria das Graças Gomes de Azevedo , Chagas Raíza Soares Oliveira
Published: September 2019

A preocupação com a qualidade higiênico-sanitária das refeições oferecidas é constante em qualquer serviço de alimentação. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os comportamentos de risco sanitário dos usuários de restaurantes universitários no momento do autosserviço. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, com aplicação de duas listas de verificação, durante o almoço, no período de agosto a outubro de 2018. A amostra totalizou 336 usuários, entre alunos e servidores, que se alimentavam em dois restaurantes de uma universidade pública, localizada na cidade de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As falhas mais comuns observadas foram: não higienizar as mãos antes do autosserviço (63,0%); conversa difusa durante o processo (54,8%); utilizar os utensílios de servir para arrumar os alimentos no próprio prato (41,9%); e coçar ou tocar parte do corpo durante o autosserviço (25,9%). Esses resultados indicaram comportamentos de risco por parte dos usuários. Concluiu-se que é necessário que sejam estabelecidas estratégias educativas, a fim de mitigar os perigos de uma possível contaminação por agentes patogênicos.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.38278
A INGESTÃO DIETÉTICA DE VITAMINA K ESTÁ ASSOCIADA A PARÂMETROS DE OBESIDADE ENTRE ADOLESCENTES?
Authors: Dos Santos Elizabete Alexandre , Giudici Kelly Virecoulon , Grande de França Nastasha Aparecida , Emo Peters Barbara Santarosa , Fisberg Regina Mara , Martini Lígia Araújo
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Na adolescência, fase em que ocorrem muitas mudanças na composição corporal, torna-se útil investigar a ingestão de micronutrientes como a vitamina K, que podem estar indiretamente relacionados à obesidade nesses indivíduos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre a ingestão de vitamina K, o estado nutricional e as concentrações séricas de osteocalcina, leptina e adiponectina em adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado com 129 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos, participantes do Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo 2008 (ISA-Capital 2008). Amostras de sangue venoso periférico foram coletadas para determinar as concentrações séricas de osteocalcina total (tOC), osteocalcina não carboxilada (ucOC), leptina e adiponectina. Foram realizadas correlação de Spearman e regressão linear múltipla para avaliar as associações entre o consumo de vitamina K e as variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas. Resultados: Em indivíduos com peso normal, a ingestão de vitamina K apresentou correlação positiva com a idade (r = 0,2489; p = 0,0174) e correlação negativa com o peso (r = -0,2335; p = 0,0259). Na amostra total, a ingestão de vitamina K não se correlacionou com peso (r = -0,0856; p = 0,3442), IMC (r = 0,0669; p = 0,4621), leptina (r = 0,1291; p = 0,1530), adiponectina (r = - 0,0682; p = 0,4517), tOC (r = 0,0442; p = 0,6256) e ucOC (r = -0,1136; p = 0,2110). Conclusões: Em indivíduos com peso normal, observou-se correlação negativa entre a ingestão de vitamina K e peso corporal. Ainda não está bem elucidado quais as vias metabólicas envolvidas na relação entre a ingestão de vitamina K e a composição corporal.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.39079
Tendon-derived stem cells from the long head of the biceps tendon
Authors: Schmalzl Jonas , Plumhoff Piet , Gilbert Fabian , Gohlke Frank , Konrads Christian , Brunner Ulrich , Jakob Franz , Ebert Regina , Steinert Andre F.
Published: September 2019

Objectives

The long head of the biceps (LHB) is often resected in shoulder surgery and could therefore serve as a cell source for tissue engineering approaches in the shoulder. However, whether it represents a suitable cell source for regenerative approaches, both in the inflamed and non-inflamed states, remains unclear. In the present study, inflamed and native human LHBs were comparatively characterized for features of regeneration.

Methods

In total, 22 resected LHB tendons were classified into inflamed samples (n = 11) and non-inflamed samples (n = 11). Proliferation potential and specific marker gene expression of primary LHB-derived cell cultures were analyzed. Multipotentiality, including osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and tenogenic differentiation potential of both groups were compared under respective lineage-specific culture conditions.

Results

Inflammation does not seem to affect the proliferation rate of the isolated tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and the tenogenic marker gene expression. Cells from both groups showed an equivalent osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and tenogenic differentiation potential in histology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the LHB tendon might be a suitable cell source for regenerative approaches, both in inflamed and non-inflamed states. The LHB with and without tendinitis has been characterized as a novel source of TDSCs, which might facilitate treatment of degeneration and induction of regeneration in shoulder surgery. Cite this article: J. Schmalzl, P. Plumhoff, F. Gilbert, F. Gohlke, C. Konrads, U. Brunner, F. Jakob, R. Ebert, A. F. Steinert. Tendon-derived stem cells from the long head of the biceps tendon: Inflammation does not affect the regenerative potential. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:414–424. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.89.BJR-2018-0214.R2.
Development and Evaluation of the Stoplight Healthy Living Program
Authors: Nary Dorothy E. , Bruns Kim
Published: September 2019

To address health disparities of adults with intellectual disability (ID), the Kansas Disability and Health Program developed the Stoplight Healthy Living program to promote good nutrition and increased physical activity. The program is based in part on the Stoplight Diet, which uses a color-coded system to teach healthy food choices. The Stoplight Healthy Living program was tested with two groups recruited through a local disability service provider in Kansas. Evaluation results suggested increases in daily fruit and vegetable consumption after participation in the program as well as increased purchases of healthy foods, reduction in soda consumption, and increased knowledge of healthier fast food meal choices. The program was well-received by participants, and shows promise in supporting good nutrition and health of adults with ID.
Knowledge of Sickle cell Anemia, Attitude and perception towards Premarital genotype counseling and screening among Youths of Dala LGA Kano, Nigeria.
Authors: IDRIS AHMAD SAIDU
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Thestudy (descriptive cross sectional) was carried out between April. 2018 to Oct. 2018 in order to assess the knowledge of sickle cell anemia, attitude and perception towards premarital genotype counseling and screening among 190 youths of Dala LGA of Kano.

METHOD

A pre-tested, structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the respondents in their respective houses and schools. The sample were selected using simple random sampling.

RESULT

The study revealed that only 28.9% had good knowledge about Sickle cell disease (SCD). However, only 33% and 31% of the respondents knew their haemoglobin genotype and that of their serious fiancés respectively. Respondents gender appeared to have a significant influence on their knowledge (P<0.05) with males having relatively better knowledge than female.

CONCLUSION

There is a significantly deficient knowledge and perception about sickle cell disease among youths in Kano especially concerning the concept of the disease, mode of transmission and prevention. Increase in public awareness about the disease more especially among students in secondary and tertiary institutions as well as provision of free genetic screening, premarital counseling and testing, counseling and health education of the affected individuals need to be emphasized. In addition, government should regard the disease as an important public health burden and it should come up with national SCD control strategies that will aim at reducing the disease to the barest minimum.
Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan dan Perawatan Mandiri pada Penderita Filariasis di Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Dheo Ruth Puspita , Masfiah Siti , Maghfiroh Arrum Firda Ayu
Published: September 2019

Background: Promptly treatment is essential for filariasis patients to reduce permanent disability. Preliminary study of several filariasis patients with swollen leg in Wonosobo regency indicated as delay access to promt treatment which increase the risks of transmision as well as worsen patient’s condition. The purpose of this study was to explore health-seeking behaviour and self-care of patient in Wonosobo regency.Method: This study employs qualitative research using phenomenology approach. Five informants were selected by using criteria as patients with clinically symptomatic swelling leg and willing to participate to this study. The supporting informants were selected to family members and health workers who handle filariasis treatment. All data were analyzed by using content analysis.Results: Most filariasis patients were categorized as low income and having limited knowledge of the disease. They believed that the disease caused by curse so that medical treatment will not cure it and they have desperate with the illness. Psychosocial burden caused them feel anxiety even afraid to be outcasted. Their current condition mostly swollen legs with or without complications and the disease interferes their activity as very painful disease. Although the treatment will reduce pain, but it was only temporary, so that the patients felt that the treatment will be useless. The health seeking behaviour indicated that all patients experienced delay in accessing medical treatment, they tried to find other alternative treatment such as traditional treatment. Most patients have not yet performed good self-care as recommended by health workers. In addition, information and socialization about filariasis to patients, families and communities are limited because it has not been as priority program of health center. Health education program should be conducted to improve positive behavior of community regarding the prevention, early detection, prompt treatment and self-care of the disease.
Persepsi Orang Tua terhadap Pemberian Imunisasi MR pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Agama
Authors: Harli Muhammad , Widjanarko Bagoes , Agushybana Farid
Published: September 2019

Background: MR immunization campaign is a national strategy to eliminate measles and rubella in 2020. Musi Rawas district have experienced clinical measles outbreaks in the last 3 years. There were many rejections happened during MR mass immunization implementation. Megang Sakti Subdistrict is one of the sub-district with high rate of rejection from parents of the students at religious-based elementary school. This research aims to identify parents’ perceptions on MR immunization program for elementary school students based on health belief model theory.Method: This study employs quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The subject of the study were 100 parents of the grade 1-6 students at religious-based elementary school at Megang Sakti sub-district. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used that have been validated in other subdistrict priorly. Data was analysed by using univariate, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression for analysis.Results: The results show that 21% of parents have rejected their children to be immunized MR (Measles Rubella). Perceived susceptibility and severity variables have not significantly associated to parent’s rejection. However, perceived benefits and barriers have significantly influenced to the rejection. The biggest barrier in immunizing MR for their children was the parent’s believed that the immunization vaccine substances were not halal refers to Islamic rules. The study suggests that the government should provide comprehensive information related to vaccines’ substances so that people do not hesitate to receive immunization of their children.