bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation in the susceptibility of urban Aedes mosquitoes infected with a densovirus
Authors: Perrin Aurélie , Gosselin-Grenet Anne-Sophie , Rossignol Marie , Ginibre Carole , Scheid Bethsabée , Lagneau Christophe , Chandre Fabrice , Baldet Thierry , Ogliastro Mylène , Bouyer Jérémy
Published: October 2020

UrbanAedesmosquitoes are vectors of many viruses affecting human health such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide resistance and environmental toxicity risks hamper the effectiveness of chemical control against these mosquito vectors. Alternative control methods, such as the use of mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses should be explored. Numerous studies have focused on evaluating the potential of different densoviruses species as biological control agents. However, knowledge on the extent of inter- and intra-specific variations in the susceptibility ofAedesmosquitoes to infection by different densoviruses remains insufficient. In this study, we compared infection and mortality rates induced by theAedes albopictusdensovirus 2 in different strains ofAedes albopictusandAedes aegyptimosquitoes. The twoAedesspecies were different in terms of susceptibility to viral infection. Under laboratory conditions, Aedes albopictus densovirus 2 appeared more virulent for the different strains ofAedes aegyptitested than for those ofAedes albopictus. In addition, we also found significant intra-specific variation in infection and mortality rates. Thus, although even if Aedes albopictus densoviruses could be powerful biocontrol agents used in the management of urbanAedespopulations, our results also call into question the use of single viral isolate as biocontrol agents.
Surveillance of early stage COVID-19 clusters using search query logs and mobile device-based location information
Authors: Hisada Shohei , Murayama Taichi , Tsubouchi Kota , Fujita Sumio , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji
Published: October 2020

Two clusters of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were confirmed in Hokkaido, Japan, in February 2020. To identify these clusters, this study employed web search query logs of multiple devices and user location information from location-aware mobile devices. We anonymously identified users who used a web search engine (i.e., Yahoo! JAPAN) to search for COVID-19 or its symptoms. We regarded them as web searchers who were suspicious of their own COVID-19 infection (WSSCI). We extracted the location of WSSCI via a mobile operating system application and compared the spatio-temporal distribution of WSSCI with the actual location of the two known clusters. In the early stage of cluster development, we confirmed several WSSCI. Our approach was accurate in this stage and became biased after a public announcement of the cluster development. When other cluster-related resources, such as detailed population statistics, are not available, the proposed metric can capture hints of emerging clusters.
Knifefish’s suction makes water boil
Authors: Ortega-Jimenez Victor M. , Sanford Christopher P. J.
Published: October 2020

We discovered that knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) during suction feeding can produce millimeter-sized cavitation bubbles and flow accelerations up to ~ 450 times the acceleration of gravity. Knifefish may use this powerful suction-induced cavitation to cause physical damage on prey hiding in narrow refuges, therefore facilitating capture.
An electronic phase diagram of hole-doped BiCuSeO crystals determined by transport characterization under various growth conditions
Authors: Xu Lu , Luo Ye-Cheng , Lv Yang-Yang , Zhang Yan-Yan , Han Shuang , Yao Shu-Hua , Zhou Jian , Chen Y. B. , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: October 2020

Temperature-hole-concentration dependent electronic phase-diagram of BiCuSeO.
Nanogap-based all-electronic DNA sequencing devices using MoS2 monolayers
Authors: Perez A. , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Villegas Cesar E. P. , Rocha Alexandre R.
Published: October 2020

The realization of nanopores in atom-thick materials may pave the way towards electrical detection of single biomolecules in a stable and scalable manner. Here we explore the potential of MoS2 phases to act as all-electronic DNA sequencing devices.
Structure, stability, infrared spectra, and bonding of OHm(H2O)7 (m = 0, ±1) clusters: ab initio study combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Niu Zhenwei , Tang Mei , Ge Nina
Published: October 2020

For OH−(H2O)7, OH(H2O)7, and OH+(H2O)7 clusters, the most stable species are predicted to be the tetra-solvated multi-ring structure A6, the tri-solvated hemibond cage structure N1, and the single five-membered ring structure C2, respectively, by the particle swarm optimization method.
Are all planar and quasi-planar boron clusters aromatic? Counter examples of island or global π antiaromaticity from chemical bonding analysis
Authors: Li Rui , You Xue-Rui , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: October 2020

Planar and quasi-planar boron clusters support a set of island π bonds, which dictate the nature of a specific polygonal boron ring, being either π aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic.
Interactions of selected organic molecules with a blue phosphorene monolayer: self-assembly, solvent effect, enhanced binding and fixation through coadsorbed gold clusters
Authors: Gorkan T. , Kadioglu Y. , Aktürk E. , Ciraci S.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we investigate the interaction of aminoacids and nucleic acid bases with pristine/bare and gold cluster covered blue phospherene monolayers using ab initio density functional theory.
Low-lying states of MX2 (M = Ag, Au; X = Cl, Br and I) with coupled-cluster approaches: effect of the basis set, high level correlation and spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Pang Xingxing , Guo Minggang , Wang Zhifan , Wang Fan
Published: October 2020

Spin–orbit coupling, electron correlation level and basis set are important in describing Renner–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller effects and properties of MX2.
Dual-function surface hydrogen bonds enable robust O2 activation for deep photocatalytic toluene oxidation
Authors: Li Hao , Jiang Fuze , Drdova Sarka , Shang Huan , Zhang Lizhi , Wang Jing
Published: October 2020

Extensive hydrogen-bonds between the hydroxyl-rich BiOCl surface and phosphoric acid significantly facilitate oxygen vacancy formation, O2 activation, and deep toluene oxidation.
The high persistence of PFAS is sufficient for their management as a chemical class
Authors: Cousins Ian T. , DeWitt Jamie C. , Glüge Juliane , Goldenman Gretta , Herzke Dorte , Lohmann Rainer , Ng Carla A. , Scheringer Martin , Wang Zhanyun
Published: October 2020

While per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic organic substances with diverse structures, properties, uses, bioaccumulation potentials and toxicities, nearly all PFAS are highly persistent.
Enhanced denitrification of contaminated groundwater by novel bimetallic catalysts supported on kaolin-derived zeolite: effects of natural dissolved inorganic and organic matter
Authors: Choi Minhee , Park Jaehyeong , Yoon Sunho , Lee Yun Kyung , Hur Jin , Choe Jong Kwon , Nam Taehui , Jung Sokhee P. , Bae Sungjun
Published: October 2020

Nitrate (NO3−) contamination has dramatically increased owing to extensive human activities, which may cause severe problems on human health and the environment.
Time-resolving the UV-initiated photodissociation dynamics of OCS
Authors: Karamatskos Evangelos T. , Yarlagadda Suresh , Patchkovskii Serguei , Vrakking Marc J. J. , Welsch Ralph , Küpper Jochen , Rouzée Arnaud
Published: October 2020

We time-resolved the UV-induced photodissociation of OCS at λ = 237 nm through pump-probe ion imaging.
Retracted Article: Determination of cadmium in rice using nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with film preparation
Authors: Niu Jinming , Lu Jingqi , Xu Feng
Published: October 2020

NELIBS combined with film preparation is proposed to enhance the spectral intensity of cadmium in rice.
Formation of liquid marbles & aggregates: rolling and electrostatic formation using conductive hexagonal plates
Authors: Lobel Benjamin T. , Fujiwara Junya , Fujii Syuji , Thomas Casey A. , Ireland Peter M. , Wanless Erica J. , Webber Grant B.
Published: October 2020

A conductive coating is added to PET plates using a novel synthetic method and liquid marble manufactured using electrostatics forces.
Correction: Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as an anode for a highly robust potassium-ion hybrid capacitor
Authors: Li Xiuqi , Chen Maoxin , Wang Lei , Xu Hanjiao , Zhong Jiang , Zhang Meng , Wang Yaya , Zhang Qiusheng , Mei Lin , Wang Tao , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan , Duan Xidong
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as an anode for a highly robust potassium-ion hybrid capacitor’ by Xiuqi Li et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00451k.
Retraction: Synthesis of triazolidine-3-one derivatives through the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite-catalyzed reaction of aldehydes and semicarbazide
Authors: Moodley Vashen , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. , van Zyl Werner E.
Published: October 2020

Retraction of ‘Synthesis of triazolidine-3-one derivatives through the nanocellulose/hydroxyapatite-catalyzed reaction of aldehydes and semicarbazide’ by Vashen Moodley et al., New J. Chem., 2017, 41, 6455–6463, DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00855d.
Nanoscale surface structures of DNA bound to Deinococcus radiodurans HU unveiled by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Chen Shu-wen W. , Banneville Anne-Sophie , Teulon Jean-Marie , Timmins Joanna , Pellequer Jean-Luc
Published: October 2020

AFM imaging reveals that Deinococcus radiodurans HU protein exerts a dual functionality by condensing and de-condensing double-stranded DNA plasmids depending on naked DNA configuration and the protein concentration.
Donor–acceptor–donor structured thioxanthone derivatives as visible photoinitiators
Authors: Mau Alexandre , Le Thi Huong , Dietlin Céline , Bui Thanh-Tuân , Graff Bernadette , Dumur Frédéric , Goubard Fabrice , Lalevee Jacques
Published: October 2020

Three thioxanthone derivatives differing by their peripheral groups have been investigated as visible light photoinitiators of polymerisation.
Graphene oxide-supported cobalt tungstate as catalyst precursor for selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhao Xue , Liu Xiyan , Yang Feng , Liu Qidong , Zhang Zeyao , Li Yan
Published: October 2020

Graphene oxide-supported uniform cobalt tungstate nanoparticles (CoWO4/GO) were prepared, which can be used as catalyst precursors for the diameter-controlled growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
Purity of organic semiconductors as a key factor for the performance of organic electronic devices
Authors: Yumusak Cigdem , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Irimia-Vladu Mihai
Published: October 2020

Effects of purification were studied in organic field effect transistors. The results presented here indicate that the purity of organic semiconductors is a key parameter to achieve high performance for the field of organic field effect transistors.
Bis-chalcone derivatives derived from natural products as near-UV/visible light sensitive photoinitiators for 3D/4D printing
Authors: Chen Hong , Noirbent Guillaume , Liu Shaohui , Brunel Damien , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Zhang Yijun , Sun Ke , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2020

Four series of novel bis-chalcone compounds with excellent performances have been synthesized and examined for the first time as photoinitiators in combination with an amine and an iodonium salt for the FRP of acrylates and the CP of EPOX.
Diastereoselective construction of cage-like and bridged azaheterocycles through dearomative maximization of the reactive sites of azaarenes
Authors: Miao Hongjie , Bai Xuguan , Wang Lele , Yu Junhui , Bu Zhanwei , Wang Qilin
Published: October 2020

A highly diastereoselective multicomponent dearomative multifunctionalization of N-alkyl activated azaarenes with 1,5-diazapentadienium salts has been developed to access structurally rigid and synthetically challenging cage-like and bridged azaheterocycles.
Selective formation of pyridinic-type nitrogen-doped graphene and its application in lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Bagley Jacob D. , Kumar Deepan Kishore , See Kimberly A. , Yeh Nai-Chang
Published: October 2020

Selectively pyridinic type nitrogen-doped graphene is fabricated and applied as a lithium ion battery anode including post mortem characterization.
Anti-inflammatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of purple sweet potato
Authors: Sun Jian , Gou Yarun , Liu Jun , Chen Hong , Kan Juan , Qian Chunlu , Zhang Nianfeng , Niu Fuxiang , Jin Changhai
Published: October 2020

A water-soluble polysaccharide from purple sweet potato roots played anti-inflammatory roles by regulating inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota and antioxidant defense system.
Green and facile sol–gel synthesis of the mesoporous SiO2–TiO2catalyst by four different activation modes
Authors: Pérez Héctor , Miranda René , Saavedra-Leos Zenaida , Zarraga Ramon , Alonso Pedro , Moctezuma Edgar , Martínez Joel
Published: October 2020

The most environmentally friendly protocol for obtaining mesoporous SiO2–TiO2catalysts has been sought.
A perylene-based aromatic polyimide with multiple carbonyls enabling high-capacity and stable organic lithium and sodium ion batteries
Authors: Raj Michael Ruby , Kim Nangyeong , Lee Gibaek
Published: October 2020

We have synthesized a perylene-based aromatic polyimide (PI) through the polycondensation of perylene dianhydride with a 2,6-DAAQ. The battery cells with the PI cathode exhibited high discharge capacities of 209 mA h g−1 (Li+/Li) and 207 mA h g−1 (Na+/Na) at 200 mA g−1.
Quantifying patterns in optical micrographs of one- and two-dimensional ellipsoidal particle assemblies
Authors: Grebe Veronica , Liu Mingzhu , Weck Marcus
Published: October 2020

Current developments in colloidal science include the assembly of anisotropic colloids with broad geometric diversity.
The intrinsic hydrogen evolution performance of 2D molybdenum carbide
Authors: Wang Yuqiao , Hong Wenting , Jian Chuangyong , He Xu , Cai Qian , Liu Wei
Published: October 2020

A new approach for the synthesis of 2D molybdenum carbide single crystals through low-temperature carbonization of 2D molybdenum dioxide nanosheets.
Utilization of metallic Ag and Ag+ ions to optimize room-temperature TCR and MR of La0.7(Ca0.205Sr0.095)MnO3:xAg2O composites
Authors: Li Hongjiang , Dong Gang , Chu Kaili , Pu Xingrui , Li Zhidong , Zhang Hui , Chen Qingming , Liu Xiang
Published: October 2020

Herein, high-density La0.7(Ca0.205Sr0.095)MnO3:xAg2O composites (LCSMO:xA, 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) are successfully fabricated by using a combination of sol–gel and solid-state methods.
Effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human tooth dentine
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Lei Lei , Xiao Heng , Zheng Jing
Published: October 2020

With ageing and pathological factors, dentine exposure becomes more and more commonplace in the clinic. The mechanical properties of dentine are far less than those of enamel. Once exposed, dentine exhibits a weak wear‐resistance and then results in many oral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study effective measures to improve the wear‐resistance of dentine. In this study, the effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human dentine was studied in vitro using nano‐indentation/scratch technique. Remineralisation treatment was conducted by immersing dentine specimens in casein phosphopeptides–amorphous calcium phosphate–asparagine‐serine‐serine solution for 7 days after 24 h pre‐treatment in polydopamine solution. Results show that after the remineralisation treatment, dentine surface is covered with a layer of dense hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals with high crystallinity and preferential orientation, and dentinal tubules are occluded. Surface hardness and elastic modulus of dentine increase by 35 and 78%, respectively, and the wear volume decreases by 86%. The crystals that occlude the dentine tubules do not fall off on the worn surface. In sum, remineralisation enhances the mechanical properties and anti‐wear performance of dentine surface by forming a hard covering consisting of dense HA crystals, which is a potential measure to prevent excessive tooth wear by dentine exposure.
Erosion protection of low‐concentration fluoride on human tooth enamel: results from surface morphology and nanomechanical and anti‐wear properties
Authors: Zheng Liang , Shi Maoyu
Published: October 2020

Dental erosion results in excessive tooth wear. The contribution of low‐concentration fluoride used daily in the prevention and treatment of erosion has not been fully understood. In this study, the effects of fluoride (225 ppm F−) on the surface morphology and nano‐mechanical and anti‐wear properties of human tooth enamel were investigated to explore whether low‐concentration NaF solution could help protect tooth enamel from erosion. In total, 40 enamel samples were divided into 5 groups, viz. group O: original surface with no treatment, group F: fluoride treatment (NaF, 225 ppm F−, pH 6.3), group E: erosion treatment (0.001 M citric acid, pH 3.2, 3 min), group EF: erosion treatment and then fluorination and group FE: fluoride treatment and then erosion. The mechanical and anti‐wear properties of enamel samples were examined using a nano‐indentation/scratch technique. Both surface morphology and scratch morphology of enamel samples were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, from the perspectives of surface morphology and anti‐wear properties, fluorination with low‐concentration fluoride (225 ppm F−) before erosion has a certain potential for protection against dental erosion. Fluoride treatment after erosion has no obvious impact on the remineralisation of eroded enamel.
The link between the tonehole lattice cutoff frequency and clarinet sound radiation: a quantitative study
Authors: Petersen Erik Alan , Colinot Tom , Guillemain Philippe , Kergomard Jean
Published: October 2020

Musical instruments are said to have a personality, which we notice in the sound that they produce. The oscillation mechanism inside woodwinds is commonly studied, but the transmission from internal waveforms to radiated sound is often overlooked, although it is musically essential. It is influenced by the geometry of their resonators which are acoustical waveguides with frequency dependent behavior due in part to the lattice of open toneholes. For this acoustically periodic medium, wave propagation theory predicts that waves are evanescent in low frequency and propagate into the lattice above the cutoff frequency. These phenomena are generally assumed to impact the external sound perceived by the instrumentalist and the audience, however, a quantitative link has never been demonstrated. Here we show that the lattice shapes the radiated sound by inducing a reinforced frequency band in the envelope of the spectrum near the cutoff of the lattice. This is a direct result of the size and spacing between toneholes, independent of the generating sound source and musician, which we show using external measurements and simulations in playing conditions. As with the clarinet, the amplitude of the even harmonics increases with frequency until they match odd harmonics at the reinforced spectrum region.
A novel method for preparing Ti5Si3 from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag
Authors: Peng Ben , Wu Long , Zhu Jin-Hui , Hou Yong , Zhang Guo-Hua
Published: October 2020

Effective recovery of titanium resources from titanium-bearing blast furnace slag had always been a difficult problem. In the present study, Ti5Si3 was synthesized via silicothermic reduction of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag. The effects of reduction temperature and reaction time on the formation of Ti5Si3 were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that Ti5Si3 was the only silicide in the finally obtained products. Ti5Si3 will gradually sinter to form a porous skeleton, and a small amount of slag will be trapped in the porous skeleton of Ti5Si3. It provided a feasible route for the treatment of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag and the recovery of titanium resources. It was also found that the longer the reaction time and the higher the reaction temperature (1823 K), the less the slag trapped in the alloy will be.
Enhancement of the productivity of non-recovery stamp charge coke oven plant at JSPL Raigarh
Authors: Ranjan Rupak , Tiwari H.P. , Srivastava P.K. , Raghuwanshi Mansingh S. , Jaiswal Ashwani Kumar , Borkar Moreshwar G.
Published: October 2020

In recent past, Jindal Steel & Power Limited, Raigarh unit, has increased the hot metal production capacity by the renovation of the existing blast furnaces. Therefore, the blast furnace coke demand has increased. This excess demand for metallurgical coke production from the existing non-recovery stamp charge coke oven plant was a very tough challenge, because the coke oven plant was already running at rated production capacity. Therefore, to fulfill the requirement of excess coke and to deliver more value to the customers, several initiatives have been taken by the Coke Oven and Technical Services Department within the existing setup. Few approaches had been adopted to increase the productivity of coke by ∼20% without deteriorating the resultant coke quality. This paper describes in details the steps taken to enhance the productivity of non-recovery stamp charge coke oven plant.
Farming, Gender and Aspirations Across Young People’s Life Course: Attempting to Keep Things Open While Becoming a Farmer
Authors: Huijsmans Roy , Ambarwati Aprilia , Chazali Charina , Vijayabaskar M.
Published: October 2020

Drawing on life history interviews conducted in Indian and Indonesian study sites, we tease out the social production of aspirations in the process of becoming a farmer. We show the power of a doxic logic in which schooling is regarded asthepathway out of farming, towards a future of non-manual, salaried employment. Among rural youth this doxic logic produces broadly defined aspiration such as ‘completing education’, and ‘getting a job’. In the absence of clear pathways to realise such aspirations, young people seek to keep options open. Yet, the scope for doing so changes in relation to key life events such as ending school, migration and marriage and does so in distinctly gendered ways. We conclude proposing that young people’s delayed entrance into farming, among other things, must be understood as an attempt to keep open those futures that are considered closed by an early entry into full-time farming.
Dynamics of surface electron trapping of a GaN-based transistors revealed by spatiotemporally resolved x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Omika Keiichi , Takahashi Kensuke , Yasui Akira , Ohkochi Takuo , Osawa Hitoshi , Kouchi Tsuyoshi , Tateno Yasunori , Suemitsu Maki , Fukidome Hirokazu
Published: October 2020

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based transistors are promising for realizing ultralow latency of wireless information communications that are indispensable for smart societies. However, surface states have slow time constants of (de)trapping electrons and delay electrical signal responses of the transistors, which prevent the ultralow latency. To clarify the mechanism of surface electron trapping (SET) of GaN-based transistors, which varies spatiotemporally, we studied the dynamics of the SET by using spatiotemporally resolved x-ray spectroscopy. We directly observed that neutralization of donor-like surface states occurs only near the gate edge in the drain side just after switching off the bias. We found that the large local electric field formed by the bias application induces site- and time-specificity in the SET, which leads to the delayed responses. Our proposed mechanism will be useful for optimizing the transistor structure to achieve the ultralow latency.
Confirmation of highly stable 10 nm sized Fe3O4 nanoparticle formation at room temperature and understanding of heat-generation under AC magnetic fields for potential application in hyperthermia
Authors: Joshi Rashmi , Singh Bheeshma Pratap , Ningthoujam Raghumani Singh
Published: October 2020

Iron oxide nanoparticles such as magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) have been used in biological applications due to their high biocompatibility, i.e., as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, a hyperthermia agent in cancer treatment, a drug carrier, etc. There are debates on the formation of Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3 from the different synthesis routes including the co-precipitation method as the bulk size of the particle decreases to nanometers. This study reports on the preparation of pure 10 nm sized Fe3O4 nanoparticles at room temperature so that this can be kept for a long time (a few years) in an inert environment; otherwise, the surface of the Fe3O4 particles gets oxidized and, partly, gets converted into undesirable compounds of iron oxides such as α-Fe2O3 and Fe(OH)3. The formation of Fe3O4 has been ascertained by thermogravimetric analysis, the color of the compound, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetic measurement. It shows the contribution of hysteresis loss, eddy current, and Néel’s and Brownian relaxations in heat-generation by applying different alternating current magnetic fields. Power loss follows H2 dependence. Heat generation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in phosphate buffer saline will be the potential candidate of the therapy of cancer.
Improvement of mapping vegetation cover for arid and semiarid areas using a local nonlinear modelling method and landsat images
Authors: Sun H. , Wang Q. , Wang G. X. , Luo P. , Jiang F. G.
Published: October 2020

Accurately estimating and mapping vegetation cover for monitoring land degradation and desertification of arid and semiarid areas using remotely sensed images is promising but challenging in remote, sparsely vegetated and large areas. In this study, a novel method – geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR – integrating geographically weighted regression (GWR) and a logistic model) was proposed to improve vegetation cover mapping of Kangbao County, Hebei of China using Landsat 8 image and field data. Additionally, a new method to determine the bandwidth of GWLR is presented. Using cross-validation, GWLR was compared with a globally linear stepwise regression (LSR), a local linear modelling method GWR and a nonparametric method, k-nearest neighbours (kNN) with varying numbers of nearest plots. Results demonstrated (1) the red and near infrared relevant band ratios and vegetation indices significantly improved mapping; (2) the GWLR, GWR and kNN methods led to more accurate predictions than LSR; (3) GWLR reduced overestimations and underestimations compared with LSR, kNN and GWR, and also eliminated negative and very large estimates caused by GWR and LSR; and (4) The maximum distance of spatial autocorrelation could be used to determine the bandwidth for GWLR. Overall, GWLR proved more promising for mapping vegetation cover of arid and semiarid areas.
Insect pectinate antennae maximize odor capture efficiency at intermediate flight speeds
Authors: Jaffar-Bandjee Mourad , Steinmann Thomas , Krijnen Gijs , Casas Jérôme
Published: October 2020

Significance

Some insects, especially moths, bear pectinate antennae, elaborate organs generally used to detect low concentrations of pheromone released by potential sexual partners. The shape of these antennae is crucial for efficient pheromone detection, as it influences airflow and, thus, pheromone capture. Pectinate antennae are highly complex. We therefore focused our study on a subunit of the antenna: a single branch of the antenna and the sensory hairs it carries. We found that the geometry of this subunit was most efficient at moth flight velocities, allowing enough air to flow through it and enough time for diffusion to ensure the capture of pheromone molecules. Our findings have implications for porous microarray sensors, such as those based on microcantilevers.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity of AlGaN/GaN superlattices
Authors: Filatova-Zalewska A , Litwicki Z , Moszak K , Olszewski W , Opołczyńska K , Pucicki D , Serafińczuk J , Hommel D , Jeżowski A
Published: October 2020

High thermal conductivity is an important parameter for nitride-based power electronic and deep-UV light emitters. Especially in the latter case short period superlattices and multicomponent alloys are used and the knowledge of the thermal properties of the binary compounds is sufficient. In-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity of AlGaN/GaN superlattices were measured by differential two-wire 3ω method in the temperature range from 147 to 325 K. Samples were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; the structure quality and accuracy of superlattice structures preparation were verified by means of HRXRD and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed, that value of thermal conductivities decrease with decreasing period thickness, while temperature dependencies differ from each other—in-plane thermal conductivity decreases, and cross-plane—increases with increasing temperature. Callaway method was used for thermal conductivity calculation; dependence of boundary scattering rate on the phonon wavelength was taken into account. Minimum thermal conductivity was added to calculated values to include the influence of high frequency acoustic phonons and optical phonons on the heat transport. Calculations are in good agreement with experimental results.
Biosynthesis of innovative calcium phosphate/hydrogel composites: physicochemical and biological characterisation
Authors: Chronopoulou Laura , Cacciotti Ilaria , Amalfitano Adriana , Di Nitto Antonio , D’Arienzo Veronica , Nocca Giuseppina , Palocci Cleofe
Published: October 2020

The goal of supporting and directing tissue regeneration requires the design of new, advanced materials, with features like biocompatibility, biodegradability and adequate mechanical properties. Our work was focused on developing a new injectable biomimetic composite material, based on a peptidic hydrogel and calcium phosphates with the aim of mimicking the chemical composition of natural bone tissue. Arg-Gly-Asp-grafted chitosan was used to promote cell adhesion. The obtained composite hydrogel was characterized with differential scanning calorimetry measurements, rheological analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The biological responsiveness was assessed using the MG-63 human osteoblast cell line.
A novel approach with dual-sampling convolutional neural network for ultrasound image classification of breast tumors
Authors: Xie Jiang , Song Xiangshuai , Zhang Wu , Dong Qi , Wang Yan , Li Fenghua , Wan Caifeng
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female cancer deaths. Early diagnosis with prophylactic may improve the patients’ prognosis. So far ultrasound (US) imaging has been a popular method in breast cancer diagnosis. However, its accuracy is bounded to traditional handcrafted feature methods and expertise. A novel method, named dual-sampling convolutional neural networks (DSCNNs), was proposed in this paper for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors based on US images. Combining traditional convolutional and residual networks, DSCNN prevented gradient disappearance and degradation. The prediction accuracy was increased by the parallel dual-sampling structure, which can effectively extract potential features from US images. Compared with other advanced deep learning methods and traditional handcrafted feature methods, DSCNN reached the best performance with an accuracy of 91.67% and an area under curve of 0.939. The robustness of the proposed method was also verified by using a public dataset. Moreover, DSCNN was compared with evaluation from three radiologists utilizing US-BI-RADS lexicon categories for overall breast tumors assessment. The result demonstrated that the prediction sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the DSCNN were higher than those of the radiologist with 10 year experience, suggesting that the DSCNN has the potential to help doctors make judgements in clinic.
Research on Commutation Failure of DC Transmission System Based on Harmonics
Authors: Chenyang Chu , Lixia Sun
Published: October 2020

The paper summarizes the micro mechanism and key influencing factors of consequential commutation failure in the HVDC transmission system, which mainly includes the harmonic impacts on the secondary commutation failure. And it quantitatively analyses the adverse effects of harmonics on commutation through the time area of commutation voltage, hence the main factors affecting the time area of harmonic voltage can be obtained. And the harmonic influence coefficient F

n
is introduced to reflect harmonic voltage’s influence level in the worst case of commutation. Then, a method based on harmonic voltage area is proposed to reduce the risk of secondary commutation failure, that is, through introducing the negative harmonic current feedback by harmonic voltage feedback gain index K

n
to reduce the direct current at fault. The validity and practicability of the method were proved by simulation analysis.
Secure Data Communication for Wireless Mobile Edge Computing Based on Artificial Noise and Security Code
Authors: Lv Zhining , Tang Jie , Deng Wei , Qiao Zhongwei , Wen Hong , Du Yu
Published: October 2020

As increasing threat to wireless mobile edge computing communication and high cost of conventional encryption implement in wireless mobile edge computing environments. The physical layer security has aroused widespread interests to increase the secure transmission and communications of mobile edge computing data communication in wireless networks. This work investigates the mobile edge computing secure communication by MIMO beamforming and artificial noise (AN) system with secure code. From practical consideration, in this work, we consider a coded system and investigate its achievable secrecy rate under the realistic wiretap code with limited code length and modulation. We proposed the mobile edge computing secure transmission scheme which could make almost zero information obtained by the unknown eavesdroppers with keeping certain quality of BER performance for the main channel simultaneously. The simulation results verify this proposed mobile edge computing secure transmission scheme performance. It shows great implement ability.
Flexible Multi State Switch of Distribution Network Based on Flux Controlled Adjustable Reactor
Authors: Tang Xiaoliang , Yang Fang , Zhou Yabing , Zhang Guangyi , Gong Jie
Published: October 2020

Flexible Multi-states Switch based on power electronics technology can realize the flexible interconnection between feeders, elastically control feeder power flow and solve the serious unbalance of feeder power flow in the distribution network. To solve the problem, this paper proposes that using flux-controlled variable reactor as the topology of flexible multi-states switch in distribution network. Firstly, flux-controlled variable reactor’s principle will be introduced; Then, we analyze the principle of feeder power flow’s control using variable reactor; After that, the control strategy for the flexible multi-states switch with different access methods is proposed; At last, a MATLAB simulation model and the prototype experiment platform are built. The results verified the power flow control function of flexible multi-states switch and effectiveness of proposed controlled strategy.
A Grid-Connected Microgrid Optimal Allocation Method Considering Self-Balancing Rate
Authors: Quanming Zhang , Xiaodi Zhang , Ke Sun , Dan Zhou , Wei Tong
Published: October 2020

Microgrid optimal allocation is the primary problem that needs to be solved in the stage of microgrid planning and design. Whether the optimal allocation scheme is reasonable or not will directly determine the safe operation and economic benefits of microgrid. Unreasonable allocation scheme will lead to higher power supply costs and poor performance, and can not even reflect the inherent superiority of microgrid. In this paper, based on some indicators such as the self-balancing rate, the power fluctuation rate of the tie line, and the proportion of spontaneous self-use, the effect of the different operation strategies of the wind/light/storage grid-type microgrid is analyzed firstly. Then, an optimal allocation method for grid-connected microgrid is proposed. Furthermore, based on the economic scheduling operation strategy, considering the initial investment cost, replacement cost, operation maintenance cost, residual value and purchase electricity cost, the optimal allocation scheme with different self-balancing rate is compared.
The Different LVRT Control Strategy of Wind Generator Suppressing for Transient Overvoltage by DC Commutation Failure
Authors: Xuemao Zhao , Ling Zhu , Wei Fan , Fusuo Liu , Yiding Jin , Xuelian Wu
Published: October 2020

At present, the characteristics of large capacity DC and high proportion of new energy centralized delivery is showed for power system of China. The ability of UHVDC to transmit new energy is severely reduced for caused transient overvoltage after AC/DC contingencies and further research is urgently needed. Firstly, the transient overvoltage caused by DC commutation failure is analyzed based on the large-scale wind power centralized delivery of the actual power system. Then, the physical mechanisms of transient overvoltage of converter station and wind farms resulted are analyzed by the actual power system DC commutation failure contingencies recorder. The impact of wind generator low voltage ride through (LVRT) active/reactive power characteristics for transient overvoltage is emphatically analyzed. Finally, all the analysis results are verified through simulation of practical case systems. The study can provide technical references to safe and stable operation of the power system in new situation.
Research on the Quality Evaluation Method of Transmission and Transformation Inspection Data
Authors: Jiafeng Qin , Chao Gu , Juntao Lv , Demeng Bai , Wenjie Zheng , Meng Liu
Published: October 2020

In the era of big data, transportation and inspection data of power transmission and transformation equipment have the characteristics of diversity and richness. Massive data provide data support for state assessment of power transmission and transformation equipment, but at the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for traditional data management and data quality mode. In this paper, the application of density distribution function estimation and information entropy statistical method in data quality evaluation of transmission and transformation equipment is studied. From the perspective of data integrity, validity and consistency, a five-dimensional data quality evaluation model is established to realize the information checking and quality evaluation of transmission, transformation and transportation inspection based on data characteristics and business rules. On the one hand, it can be compared and evaluated before and after data cleaning, on the other hand, it can also be convenient to find problems in the process of data collection
Research on the Economic Benefits of Roof Photovoltaic Based on the Non-Subsidy Mode of Environmental Benefits
Authors: Yang Changhui , Xia Rongrong
Published: October 2020

Photovoltaic power generation is the main alternative to coal power generation, in order to reflect the environmental benefits of photovoltaic power generation, this paper integrates the net carbon transaction cost and environmental protection tax in the life cycle of photovoltaic power generation into the calculation of indicators of LCOE and IRR, selects eight representative regions of China’s roof photovoltaic for economic benefit evaluation, and selects four indicators for sensitivity analysis of LCOE and IRR. The results show that the cost reduction range is 0.0083-0.0593 Yuan / kWh under the condition of measuring the net carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions, the establishment and improvement of carbon trading market and environmental protection tax will help to improve the economic benefits of users; other regions can achieve user side parity without considering the financing cost except Chongqing; reducing the cost of photovoltaic power generation and improving the unit power generation are the main factors to improve the economic benefits.
An Evaluation and Diagnosis Model for the Operating Tempo of Electric Energy Meter Auto-verification Line System based on Fuzzy Inference
Authors: Wang Lixin , Xu Yongjin , Jiang Mihui , Li Chen , Huang Xiaoqiong , Li Tong , Yu Min
Published: October 2020

With long-term operation of the electric energy meter auto-verification line system, any change of the operating tempo in each link may cause the decrease of the overall system efficiency. Due to the characteristics that the operating tempo change is not easy to detect and the bottleneck in system is difficult to locate, this paper proposes to take operation time T1 and cycle time T2 of each link as the evaluation basis of operating tempo, according to the operation characteristic of the auto-verification line system and the feasibility of time node acquisition. By analysing the timeout reasons of each link’s single T1 and single T2, 3 indicators for evaluating operating tempo in each links are proposed. Based on fuzzy inference, the evaluation score for each link’s operating tempo is calculated with the input of 3 indicators. Furthermore, the score can be used to diagnose the bottleneck in the auto-verification line system. The evaluation and diagnosis model is verified by case analysis, it can evaluate actual operating tempo of the auto-verification line system effectively, diagnose the “bottleneck” which affects the operation efficiency of the system, and provide strong support to improve the efficiency.
Planning and Design of Secondary Monitoring System
Authors: Tong X Y , Li K , Sun K M , Wu H , Wang X , Zhang G H
Published: October 2020

The current safe and stable operation of the power grid is highly dependent on secondary systems such as protection, security control, decommissioning / load shedding, automation, and communications. Compared with the means of primary grid monitoring, analysis, and control technology (EMS), the construction of secondary system monitoring, analysis, and control technical means (SMS) is lagging behind and cannot fully meet the needs of the secondary system itself and the safe and stable operation of the power grid, which has become a short board that restricts the development of power grid regulation and control business. The secondary system bears the important responsibility of monitoring, protecting and controlling the primary equipment. Once an important secondary system such as the three lines of defense of the power system and the dispatch automation master station are abnormal, it will pose a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the power system and may lead to an increase in the scope of the failure or even a large-scale power outage. The construction background, ideas, goals, and overall architecture of the secondary monitoring system are described, and the system functions and typical scenarios are displayed to provide a reference for related research and construction work.
Data Augmentation Method for Switchgear Defect Samples Based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Huang Xueyou , Xiong Jun , Zhang Yu , Liang Jingyi , Haoning Zhang , Liu Hui
Published: October 2020

The problem of sample imbalance will lead to poor generalization ability of the deep learning model algorithm, and the phenomenon of overfitting during network training, which limits the accuracy of intelligent fault diagnosis of switchgear equipment. In view of this, this paper proposes a data augmentation method for switchgear defect samples based on Wasserstein generative adversarial network with the partial discharge live detection data of the substation and the real-time switchgear partial discharge simulation experimental data. This method can improve the imbalanced distribution of data, and solve the problems such as the disappearance of gradients and model collapses in the classic generative adversarial network model, and greatly improve the stability of training. Verification through examples and comparison with traditional data augmentation methods. The results show that the data augmentation method mentioned in this paper can more effectively reduce the data imbalance, improve the performance of data-driven technology, and provide data support for subsequent fault diagnosis of switchgear equipment.
Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Converters with Time Sequence Processing and Attention Model
Authors: Wang Anqi , Qian Zheng , Jing Bo
Published: October 2020

Fault detection methods of converters can improve the stability of wind turbines and reduce the maintenance cost. In order to achieve more accurate converter fault detection, this paper proposes an encoder-decoder structure based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The LSTM network is considered to extract the sequence information of SCADA data to improve the accuracy of fault detection. Moreover, we introduce attention models into our method. Attention models can enable the network to selectively focus on the most useful variables and data during training and testing period. Specifically, we use the time attention model to calculate the importance of data at different times in the sequence, and the feature attention model to learn the importance of different variables. Experimental results on SCADA data show that our method achieves 7% -14% higher fault detection accuracy than other anomaly detection methods.
The Occurrence of Escherichia coli in Groundwater of Bekasi City (Case Study: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga Urban Villages)
Authors: Maysarah S , Putri G L , Pratama M A , Zulkarnain F , Willetts J , Foster T , Genter F , Harris A , Priadi C R
Published: October 2020

The self-supply of groundwater at the household level, and especially in densely populated areas, is vulnerable to fecal contamination. The aim of this study was to assess the level of fecal contamination in groundwater of three urban villages in Bekasi City that depend greatly on groundwater: Jatiluhur, Sumur Batu, and Jatirangga. Water samples were taken from 255 households with various types of water sources in the rainy season from February-March 2020. Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration was quantified with Colilert-18 using IDEXX Quanti-Tray/2000 based on Most Probable Number (MPN) method. E. coli levels were beyond the WHO standard and found in 60% of the sources; 24% were above 100 MPN/100 mL. The presence of E. coli in groundwater indicated a requirement for further treatment prior to the point of consumption and an urgent need to replace the water supply infrastructure for improved water sources.
How Waste Is Managed in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from China
Authors: Pan Zeyi
Published: October 2020

Waste disposal method has long been one of the severe environmental problems in China. A few previous researches suggest that the waste disposal method may related to the awareness, education and the willingness of participation of people. However, an overview of the waste disposal of China from the community level is lacked. As a result, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is used in this research to show the correlation between waste disposal method demographical information. In the research, we find that communities/villages with denser population tend to adopt the cleaner waste disposal method. We also find that fundamental socioeconomic factors such as education and income are closely related to waste management. Communities/villages with higher average education level and higher average income are more likely to adopt a cleaner waste disposal method.