bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of a highly occlusive formulation for dry lips
Authors: Tamura E. , Yasumori H. , Yamamoto T.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Since skin on the lips has a lower water content in the stratum corneum (SC) and a higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL) value than skin on the cheek, the lips are usually very dry and rough areas. Therefore, a lip balm approach to increase occlusivity of the lips is generally used to reduce water loss. Although there have been reports of an improvement effect on lip roughness by specific care agents, differences in the effects due to the occlusivity of a formulation without a specific care agent have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the improvement effect on dryness and roughness of the lips by a highly occlusive formulation consisting of a combination of common oil and wax, not by a specific care agent.

Methods

Twenty Japanese female subjects with normal skin (age range 20–39 years; mean 28.1) were enrolled in this study. A 4‐week continuous use test was conducted using samples with low and high occlusivity. The degree of lip roughness and wrinkles was scored, the hollow index was assessed using ANTERA 3D images, and values of capacitance and TEWL were measured.

Results

The hollow index was significantly correlated with both the appearance roughness score and the wrinkle score. The sample with high occlusivity showed significant improvement in the appearance roughness score, wrinkle score, the hollow index and capacitance of the SC. In a comparison between the groups of samples with different occlusive properties, a significant improvement effect in rough appearance was seen in subjects using the highly occlusive formulation.

Conclusion

The hollow index assessed by ANTERA 3D imaging allowed the objective evaluation of the improvement in appearance. In the case of continuous use of the highly occlusive formulation, an improvement of capacitance in the SC, which is most correlated with lip roughness, was obtained after 2 and 4 weeks. These results demonstrate for the first time that a highly occlusive formulation is effective in improving the roughness of the lips, and this effect is due to the difference in the occlusive property not by a specific care agent.
Effect of immersion in distilled water or phosphate‐buffered saline on the solubility, volumetric change and presence of voids within new calcium silicate‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Torres F. F. E. , Zordan‐Bronzel C. L. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , Chávez‐Andrade G. M. , Pinto J. C. , Tanomaru‐Filho M.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To assess the effect of immersion in distilled water or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) on the solubility, volumetric change and presence of voids of calcium silicate‐based root canal sealers (TotalFill BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio‐C), in comparison with the gold standard epoxy resin‐based sealer (AH Plus).

Methodology

All properties were evaluated after immersion in distilled water or PBS. Solubility was determined by the percentage of mass loss, whereas volumetric change and presence of voids were evaluated by micro‐computed tomography, after 7 days of immersion. The volumetric change and percentage of voids between the baseline (after setting) and the experimental period were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way anova and Tukey's or Student's t‐tests (α = 0.05).

Results

The calcium silicate‐based sealers had significantly greater solubility and volumetric loss than AH Plus, after immersion in distilled water or PBS (P < 0.05). Bio‐C had the greatest solubility (P < 0.05), followed by TotalFill BC and Sealer Plus BC, which were similar (P > 0.05). Regarding the volumetric change, AH Plus had a volume increase, with similar values in distilled water and PBS (P > 0.05). TotalFill BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio‐C had a similar volumetric change (P > 0.05). The calcium silicate‐based materials had the greatest solubility and volume loss after immersion in distilled water (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of voids amongst the sealers, before and after immersion in distilled water or PBS (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

TotalFill BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio‐C had significantly greater solubility and volumetric loss than AH Plus. Although storage in PBS significantly reduced the solubility and volumetric change of calcium silicate‐based sealers, their solubility remained above that recommend by ISO 6876. All the sealers evaluated had low and similar voids, even after immersion in distilled water or PBS.
Highly concentrated aqueous SiC slurry containing fine SiC powder: A new approach for ultra‐dense green body
Authors: Vu Viet Hung , Gu Jian , Kim Jun Seop , Lee Sea Hoon , Lee Hee Soo
Published: October 2019

SiC slurry with ultra‐high concentration up to 70 vol% was prepared using oxidized fine and coarse SiC powder mixture, and dense SiC green body with a relative density of 76% was fabricated by drying the slurry at ambient condition. Three approaches were performed to prepare highly concentrated SiC slurry; preparation of SiC powder having good dispersion behavior, optimization of the oxidation condition, and optimization of bi‐modal particle size distribution. An aqueous slurry with the solid loading up to 62 vol% could be prepared using fine (150 nm) SiC powder prepared by the mechanical alloying of Si and carbon. The surface property of the fine and coarse (10 μm) SiC powders was optimized using an oxidation treatment. The maximum solid loading of the fine SiC slurry prepared using oxidized powder was 66 vol%. By optimizing the mixing ratio of the oxidized fine and coarse SiC powder to 75:25, the solid loading of the SiC slurry could increase up to 70 vol%. The relative densities of the green bodies after drying 66, 68, and 70 vol% slurries were 69, 75.7, and 76.1%, respectively, which values were higher than those (58%) prepared by cold isostatic pressing under 200 MPa.
The effects of cast industry waste of scale instead of cement on the mechanical and microstructural properties
Authors: Mutuk Tuğba , Demirbaş Arife Kübra , Çevik Sinem , Mesci Oktay Başak
Published: October 2019

The scale is a waste coming from the metal casting industry. It is an iron oxide layer formed as a result of oxidation after annealing on steel surfaces. Casting wastes, which have been left uncontrolled for many years, have caused considerable environmental damage. In the present paper, the mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of cement mortars, prepared by using scale coming from Turkey steel manufacturer were experimentally investigated. The steel scale was used as a partial replacement of cement. Recycling of solid waste scale is considered as an environmental‐friendly alternative to solve the problem of disposing of wastes. Cement mortar admixtures were prepared by variable percentages of scale from 2% to 10%. The effect of scale on the strength of cement mortar was analyzed. The compressive strength values of all the specimens were recorded for 3, 7, and 28 days and the results showed that when the amount of scale replacement was increased, the strength increased slightly. However, cement mortar containing 4% wt. additive has shown the highest strength value at 3 and 28 days. As a result an optimum additive amount of scale in the cement mortar is found as 4% wt. Microstructural observation of the samples using SEM showed that scale particles were well embedded in the c matrix.
Do randomised controlled trials relevant to pharmacy meet best practice standards for quality conduct and reporting? A systematic review
Authors: Ritchie Alison , Seubert Liza , Clifford Rhonda , Perry Danae , Bond Christine
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Evidence-based pharmacy practice requires a dependable evidence base. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard of high-quality primary research, and tools exist to assist researchers in conducting and reporting high-quality RCTs. This review aimed to explore whether RCTs relevant to pharmacy are conducted and reported in line with Cochrane risk of bias and CONSORT standards, respectively.

Methods

A MEDLINE search identified potential papers. After screening of titles, abstracts and full texts, the 50 most recent papers were reviewed and assessment of bias according to Cochrane domains and compliance with CONSORT checklist items was recorded. Each domain of the Cochrane tool and CONSORT checklist item and each article were given a percentage score, reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Correlation between quality of conduct, quality of reporting, continent of origin, and journal impact factor was conducted using the R2 statistic. The median domain score for risk of bias by paper according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool was 53.0% (IQR 38.5–68.5), while the median compliance score by paper for the CONSORT checklist was 64.0% (IQR 36.0–94.0%).

key findings

The median Cochrane domain and median CONSORT item completion scores, respectively, were 50.0% (IQR 33.3–66.7%) and 59.5% (IQR 52.0–70.3%). The highest risk of bias was associated with allocation concealment and blinding, and the least well-reported items were randomisation details, sequence generation and allocation concealment. A positive relationship between conduct and reporting of RCTs was found (R2 = 0.75), while no correlation was found between quality of conduct or quality of reporting and journal impact factor, correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.06 and R2 = 0.05, respectively).

This review identified that issues related to randomisation and blinding are often inadequately conducted or not comprehensively reported by researchers conducting pharmacy relevant RCTs, providing useful information for education and future research.
Promotion of appropriate knowledge and attitude towards medicines among schoolchildren in Jordan: the role of teachers
Authors: Sharaydih Rawia , Abuloha Sumaya , Wazaify Mayyada
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The current study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of schoolteachers in Jordan towards medication. Furthermore, it assessed teachers' views regarding the importance of school education in the promotion of appropriate and safe use of medicines.

Methods

All Facebook groups of teachers who were members of the Jordan Teachers Syndicate and/or teachers employed by Jordan Ministry of Education were invited to participate. A cross-sectional online survey using a validated pre-piloted anonymous Arabic questionnaire was created using Google documents. The questionnaire was automatically hosted via a unique URL. Researchers downloaded real-time questionnaire responses. Data were coded and entered into SPSS database for windows version 22 for statistical analysis.

Key findings

A total of 902 teachers filled in the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score achieved in multiple-choice questions was 2.43 ± 0.51 out of 4.00. The top three factors affecting all of teachers’ knowledge questions were as follows: age, the presence of chronic disease, and the school grade that they taught. Teachers showed variation in their attitude towards education about medicines in children. The majority (80.7%) of teachers were unfamiliar with education about medication and had never taught schoolchildren about any issues related to proper use of medications.

Conclusions

The study highlighted that teachers’ knowledge about medicines was not satisfactory enough for them to become active health educators. At the same time, they were willing to educate children about proper use of medicines, and such education should be started at the first grade (i.e. 6 years old).
Estrogen‐related receptor participates in regulating glycolysis and influences embryonic development in silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Long W. , Wu J. , Shen G. , Zhang H. , Liu H. , Xu Y. , Gu J. , Jia L. , Lin Y. , Xia Q.
Published: October 2019

Estrogen‐related receptors (ERRs) play indispensable roles in development, energy metabolism, and cancers and are metabolic switches in Drosophila. However, the mechanism underlying their metabolic role is unknown in insects. This study analysed the expression profiles of Bombyx mori ERR (BmERR), hexokinase (BmHK), pyruvate kinase (BmPK) and phosphofructokinase (BmPFK) during embryonic development. The expression of BmERR tended to be similar to that of the other genes. We observed a regulatory association between BmERR and glycolytic rate‐limiting enzymes by BmERR overexpression, RNA interference (RNAi), and ERR inhibitors in B. mori embryo cells. Subsequently, ERR cis‐regulation elements (ERREs) were predicted and identified in the BmPFK promoter. Transfection assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that BmERR can bind to one of these elements to regulate the expression of BmPFK. ERREs were also predicted in the BmHK and BmPK promoters. In the eggs, the expression of glycolytic rate‐limiting enzyme genes was suppressed when the expression of BmERR was interference by double‐stranded BmERR, the glucose levels also was increased. Meanwhile, the development of silkworm embryos was delayed by about 1 day. These results indicate that BmERR can bind to the ERREs of glycolytic gene promoters and regulate the expression of glycolytic genes, ultimately affecting embryonic development in silkworms.
Nursing home care for people with dementia: Update of the design of the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia (LAD)‐study
Authors: Prins Marleen , Willemse Bernadette M. , Heijkants Ceciel H. , Pot Anne Margriet
Published: October 2019

Aim

The aim of the current study is to describe the extended design of the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia (LAD)‐study.

Background

The demand for long‐term care in care homes increases with the growing number of people with dementia. However, quality of care in care homes needs improvement. It is important to monitor quality of care in care homes for the purposes of conducting scientific research, providing input for policy, and promoting practice improvement.

Design

The Living Arrangements for people with Dementia ‐study monitors changes in ‐ quality of ‐ care in care homes since 2008. With its extended design, the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia ‐study now also focuses on additional topics that are considered to improve quality of care: implementation of person‐centred care, involvement of family carers and volunteers and reducing psychotropic drugs and physical restraints using a multidisciplinary approach.

Methods

The data collection of the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia ‐study entails an interview with the manager and questionnaires are completed by care staff, family carers, volunteers, and multidisciplinary team members. This study is partly funded by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, grant number 323,088 and partly funded by the participating care homes.

Discussion

Results of the Living Arrangements for people with Dementia ‐study will shed more light on variables related to quality of care in care homes for people with dementia.

Impact

Based on the obtained information, appropriate efforts to improve quality of care can be discussed and implemented. Furthermore, the results of this study guide policy making, because it expands knowledge about the effects of changing policies and exposes topics that need further attention.

Trial registration: Not applicable. This article does not report the results of a healthcare intervention on human participants.
Flying by the seat of their pants: A grounded theory of school nurse case management
Authors: Klein Nicole J. , Evans‐Agnew Robin
Published: October 2019

Aims

To develop a theory describing the processes and actions involved with school nurse case management for school‐aged children with chronic conditions in the K12 system.

Design

Case management is an essential practice for the school nurse. Little is known about actual case management practice in real‐world settings. Grounded theory methodology following a literature‐based conceptual model of school nurse case management.

Methods

A purposive maximum variation sampling was used for data collection and analysis. Semi‐structured interviews conducted in‐person and via conferencing software from January to March 2017 with school nurses practicing in Washington State until data saturation was achieved. A condition lasting at least 6 months was also used to define a chronic condition.

Results

In all, 14 school nurses with an average of 12 years of experience were interviewed. Analysis revealed that the core strategy used by participating nurses for case management involved navigating through ambiguity; balancing multiple roles; seeking guidance and training; acknowledging imperfect functioning and navigating poor system supports.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that actual school nurse case management practice differs from best practice recommendations. Participants did not discuss health promotion or environmental management and did not act to set goals or prioritize care as suggested in the literature.

Impact

This article informs nursing leadership of the real‐world challenges faced by nurses performing case management in the school setting. These findings indicate that improvements in system supports and training, together with tolerance for the challenges nurses face in providing such care, might improve case management practice in the schools.
Experiences of participating in intergenerational interventions in older people's care settings: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Hayter Mark , Rossi Silvia , Zanini Milko P. , Pellegrini Ramona , Aleo Giuseppe , Catania Gianluca , Sasso Loredana
Published: October 2019

Aims

To synthesize the findings of qualitative research exploring the experiences of being involved in intergenerational interventions in older people's care settings.

Design

A meta‐synthesis of the qualitative literature, employing Sandelowski and Barroso's method, was conducted.

Data Sources

Eight databases were searched in March 2017.

Review Methods

The PRISMA statement was used for reporting the different phases of the literature search and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative research checklist was used as an appraisal framework. Data synthesis was conducted using Sandelowski and Barroso's method.

Results

Four qualitative studies were included in the meta‐synthesis. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: ‘Recreating the family’; ‘Building intergenerational empathy and respect’; ‘Uplifting and energizing’; and ‘Engagement risks and challenges’.

Conclusion

The meta‐synthesis strengthens the evidence that intergenerational interventions can be positive. However, it also shows that there may also be some negative aspects if not planned or managed carefully.

Impact

This review contributes to the body of evidence by synthesizing the experiences of older people and children involved in intergenerational interventions. Although qualitative literature supports the quantitative evidence that intergenerational interventions can have a positive effect, intergenerational interventions could also have negative effects on some participants. Older people may feel tired, or experience feelings of infantilization. Practitioners need to be more aware of the potential negative effects of intergenerational interventions and include risk assessment, possibly by requiring ethical scrutiny.
Mixed studies review of factors influencing receipt of pain treatment by injured black patients
Authors: Aronowitz Shoshana V. , Mcdonald Catherine C. , Stevens Robin C. , Richmond Therese S.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To explore the factors that influence provider pain treatment decision‐making and the receipt of pain management by injured Black patients in the United States.

Design

We completed a systematic mixed studies review using a results‐based convergent synthesis design.

Data Sources

PubMed, SCOPUS and CINAHL were searched for articles published between 2007–2017 using the search terms ‘African American’, ‘Black American’, ‘race’, ‘pain treatment’, ‘pain management’ and ‘analgesia’. Twenty studies were included in this review.

Review Method

A search of databases and hand‐searching identified peer‐reviewed published papers. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to appraise the studies.

Results

The results indicate that healthcare provider characteristics, racial myths about pain sensitization and assumed criminality all impact provider treatment decision‐making and the receipt of pain treatment by injured Black patients.

Impact

This review addresses racial disparities in pain management by focusing on the factors that impact the receipt of pain treatment by injured Black patients. The findings will have an impact on providers who prescribe pain treatment and on the patients they treat. These findings suggest that assumed criminality of certain patients can negatively impact care, which is a type of bias not frequently explored or discussed in health disparities research. This review will help inform further research in healthcare disparities and prompt providers to examine their assumptions about the patients for whom they care.

Conclusion

These results provide important areas for further study, including how assumed criminality of certain patients can have a negative impact on care.
Fire refugia facilitate forest and savanna co‐existence as alternative stable states
Authors: Beckett Heath , Bond William J.
Published: October 2019

Aim

Does complex topography facilitate the establishment and persistence of fire‐sensitive (forest) vegetation in a fire‐prone landscape? We test the prediction that fire‐sensitive vegetation will establish and persist in areas where the fire return interval is lower due to a topographic hindrance on fire spread.

Location

Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.

Taxon

Terrestrial Plants.

Methods

Using aerial photographs from six time periods between 1937 and 2013, we mapped vegetation changes in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP). Using a generalized additive model (GAM), we built a habitat suitability index (HSI) map for forest vegetation based on topographic variables related to fire behaviour and the vegetation distribution maps from each time period. We investigated transitions between vegetation types between time periods based on the HSI map, as well as the effects of neighbourhood vegetation on transition probabilities.

Results

Forest cover has increased overall from 1937 to 2013, however, this has not been a linear increase with a peak in extent in the early 1990s. The HSI, using topographic predictors associated with fire behaviour, correlates with areas of expansion and contraction of forest vegetation. The patterns of expansion and contraction are, however, more nuanced, with the in situ vegetation neighbourhood playing a large role.

Main Conclusions

Forest distributions in HiP have not remained static over time and have expanded into areas that were once savannas. This is a dynamic system where both forest and savanna boundaries can change considerably. Fire refugia are important for the long‐term persistence of forests in fire‐prone landscapes.
A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations
Authors: Viruel Juan , Le Galliot Nicolas , Pironon Samuel , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo , Suc Jean‐Pierre , Lakhal‐Mirleau Fatma , Juin Marianick , Selva Marjorie , Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda , Ouahmane Lahcen , La Malfa Stefano , Diadema Katia , Sanguin Hervé , Médail Frédéric , Baumel Alex
Published: October 2019

Aim

Phylogeography of fruit trees is challenging due to recurrent exchanges between domesticated and wild populations. Here we tested the eastern refugium hypothesis (ERH) for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, which supports its natural and domestication origins in the eastern Mediterranean and a feral origin in the west.

Location

Mediterranean basin.

Taxon

Ceratonia siliqua L., Leguminosae.

Methods

A phylogenetic reconstruction based on two nuclear and one plastid sequences was performed to estimate the divergence time between the carob tree and its sister species, Ceratonia oreothauma. Variation from four plastid regions and 17 nuclear microsatellite loci were used to decipher genetic structure in the carob tree and to test coalescent‐based models by an Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. We assessed our hypotheses by examining palaeobotanical records and hindcasting the past distribution of the carob tree at Mid‐Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) using species distribution modelling.

Results

The split between C. oreothauma and C. siliqua was estimated at 6.4 Ma, and a first divergence within C. siliqua at 1.3 Ma. After a continuous presence since the Oligocene, Ceratonia was rarely found in the fossil record during the Pleistocene but present in the western and the eastern Mediterranean. Plastid and nuclear markers, characterized by low allelic richness, revealed a strong west‐east genetic structuring. ABC analyses rejected the ERH.

Main conclusions

Our study supports a severe population decline during LIG. The strong west–east divergence and the occurrence of four lineages within C. siliqua provided support for a new hypothesis of multiple domestications of the carob tree from native populations throughout the Mediterranean basin.
LNRLMI: Linear neighbour representation for predicting lncRNA‐miRNA interactions
Authors: Wong Leon , Huang Yu‐An , You Zhu‐Hong , Chen Zhan‐Heng , Cao Mei‐Yuan
Published: October 2019

LncRNA and miRNA are key molecules in mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNA), and their interactions have been discovered with important roles in gene regulation. As supplementary to the identification of lncRNA‐miRNA interactions from CLIP‐seq experiments, in silico prediction can select the most potential candidates for experimental validation. Although developing computational tool for predicting lncRNA‐miRNA interaction is of great importance for deciphering the ceRNA mechanism, little effort has been made towards this direction. In this paper, we propose an approach based on linear neighbour representation to predict lncRNA‐miRNA interactions (LNRLMI). Specifically, we first constructed a bipartite network by combining the known interaction network and similarities based on expression profiles of lncRNAs and miRNAs. Based on such a data integration, linear neighbour representation method was introduced to construct a prediction model. To evaluate the prediction performance of the proposed model, k‐fold cross validations were implemented. As a result, LNRLMI yielded the average AUCs of 0.8475 ± 0.0032, 0.8960 ± 0.0015 and 0.9069 ± 0.0014 on 2‐fold, 5‐fold and 10‐fold cross validation, respectively. A series of comparison experiments with other methods were also conducted, and the results showed that our method was feasible and effective to predict lncRNA‐miRNA interactions via a combination of different types of useful side information. It is anticipated that LNRLMI could be a useful tool for predicting non‐coding RNA regulation network that lncRNA and miRNA are involved in.
Matrix metalloproteases and TIMPs as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: A pilot study
Authors: Olivares‐Urbano María Auxiliadora , Griñán‐Lisón Carmen , Zurita Mercedes , del Moral Rosario , Ríos‐Arrabal Sandra , Artacho‐Cordón Francisco , Arrebola Juan Pedro , González Amanda Rocío , León Josefa , Antonio Marchal Juan , Núñez María Isabel
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumour in women and one of the most important causes of cancer death worldwide. Radiation therapy (RT) is widely used for BC treatment. Some proteins have been identified as prognostic factors for BC (Ki67, p53, E‐cadherin, HER2). In the last years, it has been shown that variations in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs may contribute to the development of BC. The aim of this pilot work was to study the effects of RT on different MMPs (‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, ‐8, ‐9, ‐10, ‐12 and ‐13) and TIMPs (‐1 to ‐4), as well as their relationship with other variables related to patient characteristics and tumour biology. A group of 20 BC patients treated with RT were recruited. MMP and TIMP serum levels were analysed by immunoassay before, during and after RT. Our pilot study showed a slight increase in the levels of most MMP and TIMP with RT. However, RT produced a significantly decrease in TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐3 levels. Significant correlations were found between MMP‐3 and TIMP‐4 levels, and some of the variables studied related to patient characteristics and tumour biology. Moreover, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐3 levels could be predictive of RT toxicity. For this reason, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐3 and TIMP‐4 could be used as potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for BC patients treated with RT.
Effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on inflammatory markers of psoriasis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ucan Yarkac Fatma , Ogrum Atiye , Gokturk Ozge
Published: October 2019

Aim

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical mechanical periodontal therapy on the inflammatory status and severity of psoriasis in subjects with psoriasis.

Material and methods

The study population consisted of 92 periodontitis patients with psoriasis vulgaris suffering from an untreated periodontal disease. Two randomized groups were formed from these patients: immediate periodontal therapy (test group,n = 46) and delayed periodontal therapy (control group,n = 46). Periodontal clinical measures, on salivary interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and secretory immunoglobulin A levels and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were evaluated at baseline and on the 8th week in control and test groups.

Results

Eight weeks after completion of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (test group) or initial examination (control group), a significant decrease was observed in interleukin 2, interleukin 6 level and in PASI score, whereas a significant increase was observed in secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the test group (p < .05).

Conclusion

Within the limits of this study, the results suggest that effective periodontal therapy improves the psoriasis condition in patients afflicted by both diseases.
Neuroimmune interactions in chronic itch of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yosipovitch G. , Berger T. , Fassett M.S.
Published: October 2019

Itch is a defining symptom of atopic dermatitis. Crosstalk between keratinocytes, the immune system and non‐histaminergic sensory nerves is responsible for the pathophysiology of chronic itch in atopic dermatitis. An expanding understanding of the contribution of the nervous system and its interaction with immune pathways in atopic itch are helping to identify new therapeutic strategies.
Real‐world comparative effectiveness of adalimumab, etanercept and methotrexate: a Swedish register analysis
Authors: Svedbom A. , Ståhle M.
Published: October 2019

Background

The advent of biosimilars may render etanercept (ETN) and adalimumab (ADA) viable alternatives to methotrexate (MTX) as first‐line systemics in psoriasis. However, real‐world relative effectiveness data comparing ADA and ETN to MTX are limited.

Objective

To estimate the relative effectiveness of ADA and ETN compared to MTX.

Methods

We analysed data from DermaReg, a regional register in Stockholm, Sweden, to estimate drug survival and mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) during maintenance treatment.

Results

A total of 524 patients initiated 727 treatment episodes with ADA, ETN or MTX. After adjusting for confounders, patients treated with ADA had better drug survival (HR: 0.67; P = 0.003), lower mean PASI (−2.0; P < 0.001) and lower mean DLQI (−0.9; P < 0.001) during maintenance treatment compared to patients treated with MTX. The results for ETN compared to MTX were mixed. After adjusting for confounding, there was no significant difference in drug survival (HR 1.23; P = 0.082), but patients on ETN had lower mean PASI (−0.7; P = 0.006) during maintenance treatment.

Conclusion

Adalimumab is superior to MTX in clinical practice whereas the relative effectiveness between ETN and MTX is less clear. This study also highlights the importance of appropriate confounding control in effectiveness analysis.
Crocodylomorph cranial shape evolution and its relationship with body size and ecology
Authors: Godoy Pedro L.
Published: October 2019

Crocodylomorpha, which includes living crocodylians and their extinct relatives, has a rich fossil record, extending back for more than 200 million years. Unlike modern semi‐aquatic crocodylians, extinct crocodylomorphs exhibited more varied lifestyles, ranging from marine to fully terrestrial forms. This ecological diversity was mirrored by a remarkable morphological disparity, particularly in terms of cranial morphology, which seems to be closely associated with ecological roles in the group. Here, I use geometric morphometrics to comprehensively investigate cranial shape variation and disparity in Crocodylomorpha. I quantitatively assess the relationship between cranial shape and ecology (i.e. terrestrial, aquatic, and semi‐aquatic lifestyles), as well as possible allometric shape changes. I also characterize patterns of cranial shape evolution and identify regime shifts. I found a strong link between shape and size, and a significant influence of ecology on the observed shape variation. Terrestrial taxa, particularly notosuchians, have significantly higher disparity, and shifts to more longirostrine regimes are associated with large‐bodied aquatic or semi‐aquatic species. This demonstrates an intricate relationship between cranial shape, body size and lifestyle in crocodylomorph evolutionary history. Additionally, disparity‐through‐time analyses were highly sensitive to different phylogenetic hypotheses, suggesting the description of overall patterns among distinct trees. For crocodylomorphs, most results agree in an early peak during the Early Jurassic and another in the middle of the Cretaceous, followed by nearly continuous decline until today. Since only crown‐group members survived through the Cenozoic, this decrease in disparity was likely the result of habitat loss, which narrowed down the range of crocodylomorph lifestyles.
The effect different substrates have on the trueness and precision of eight different intraoral scanners
Authors: Dutton Ethan , Ludlow Mark , Mennito Anthony , Kelly Abigail , Evans Zachary , Culp Alexander , Kessler Raymond , Renne Walter
Published: October 2019

Objective

This in vitro study compares the newest generation of intraoral scanners to their older counterparts, and tests whether material substrates affect the trueness and precision of intraoral scanners (IOS).

Material and methods

A custom model, used as the reference standard, was fabricated with teeth composed of different dental materials. The reference standard scan was obtained using a three‐dimensional (3D) optical scanner, the ATOS III. Experimental scans were obtained using eight different IOS, operated by experienced clinicians, using the manufacturer's recommended scanning strategy. A comprehensive metrology program, Geomagic Control X, was used to compare the reference standard scan with the experimental scans.

Results

For all scanners tested, except Trios3, the substrate does influence the trueness and precision of the scan. Furthermore, differences exist when comparing the same substrate across different scanners with some of the latest generation scanners clearly leaping ahead of the older generation regarding both trueness and precision.

Conclusions

Substrate type affects the trueness and precision of a scan. Active Triangulation scanners are more sensitive to substrate differences than their parallel confocal counterparts. Some scanners scan certain substrates better, but in general the new generation of scanners outperforms the old, across all substrates.

Clinical significance

The substrates being scanned play an import role in the trueness and precision of the 3D model. The new generation of scanners is remarkably accurate across all substrates and for complete‐arch scanning.
A novel sample design for determining color compatibility between layered resin composite and vita shade guides
Authors: Ismail Eman H. , Dawson Deborah V. , Maia Rodrigo R.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To compare the color of double‐layered (DL) resin‐composite (RC) samples with variant enamel‐thicknesses (ET) to their corresponding shade‐tabs from VITA classical (VC) and 3D‐Master (V3DM).

Methods

A2‐DL samples (N = 30) fabricated using three pairs of custom‐made molds with an ET of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm. Shades were selected according to the manufacturer's instructions of two RC brands: Clearfil‐Majesty (CM), and Vita‐l‐essence (VL). A spectrophotometer measured CIE L*a*b* color parameters. We used ΔE
00 to calculate color differences among DL samples, VC, and V3DM shade‐tabs. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey test (∝=0.05).

Results

ΔE
00 between DL samples A2 and 2M2 shade tabs were all greater than the predetermined 50:50% acceptability threshold (ΔE
00 = 6.6‐10.4). Depending on the shade tabs compared, the ΔE
00 among CM and VL ET subgroups were statistically different (P < .001). ET and L* were negatively correlated for CM and VL. For CM, ΔE
00 and L* correlated on the A2 shade tab, whereas for VL, ΔE
00, and ET correlated on the 2M2 shade tab (P < .05).

Conclusions

The DL samples produced unacceptable color matches to their corresponding shade. An enamel layer thickness of 0.7 mm corresponded to the lowest ΔE
00. The use of V3DM for RC shade selection should be investigated.

Clinical Significance

Understanding color interaction between RC layers is important to achieve consistent results in esthetic clinical procedures. The thickness of the enamel layer can critically alter the overall shade for a given RC shade and brand. This variation is difficult for the clinician to predict and negatively impacts patient satisfaction, increasing overall procedure costs, and decreasing efficiency. This color interaction study aims to facilitate consistency in shade reproduction.
Study the effect of erbium:YAG laser plus topical 5‐flurouracil in stable vitiligo resistant to NB‐UVB phototherapy
Authors: Doghaim Noha Nabil , El‐Tatawy Rania Ahmed , Ismail Mayada A. , Ali Dareen Abdelaziz Mohammed , El Attar Yasmina Ahmed
Published: October 2019

Background

NB‐UVB phototherapy is still an effective treatment in vitiligo but requires more than 1 year for its completion. Topical 5‐flurouracil could improve the proliferation and migration of melanocytes. Laser‐assisted dermabrasion results in stimulation of the inactive melanocytes present at the outer root sheath of the lower portion of the hair follicle, which migrates upward until they reach the surface of the skin.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser skin ablation followed by topical 5‐flurouracil on the outcome of NB‐UVB phototherapy as a short term technique in resistant and stable vitiligo.

Methods

The current study included 40 patients suffering from bilateral stable vitiligo resistant to NB‐UVB. For each patient, one side of the body subjected to 4 months NB‐UVB sessions (control side). While the other side of the body subjected to one session of Er:YAG laser ablation combined with topical 5% 5‐flurouracil application under occlusion followed by NB‐UVB sessions for 4 months after complete re‐epithelization. Outcomes were evaluated objectively based on standard digital photographs, histopathological examination, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects.

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in the repigmentation in laser side compared with control side. Histopathological examination revealed expression of prominent melanin pigmentation, with marked expression for Melan‐A in laser side, whereas these findings were negative in control side.

Conclusion

Er:YAG laser ablation, followed by 5FU application before NB‐UVB phototherapy for vitiligo, is a safe and tolerable technique that improves the outcome of short‐term NB‐UVB therapy and is expected to increase patient compliance.
Measuring the Psychobiological Correlates of Daily Experience in Adolescents
Authors: Dockray Samantha , O'Neill Siobhán , Jump Owen
Published: October 2019

Mapping the psychobiological correlates of social contexts, experiences, and emotional responses of adolescents in their daily lives provides insight into how adolescent well‐being shapes, and is shaped by, experience. Measures of these psychobiological correlates are enabled by devices and technologies that must be precise and suitable for adolescent participants. The present report reviews the most often used research measures, and suggests strategies for best practice, drawn from practical experience. The rapid advances in technological methods to collect attuned measures of psychological processes, social context, and biological function indicate the promise for multimodal measures in ecological settings. Attaining these methodological goals will support research to secure comprehensive, quality data, and advance the understanding of psychobiological function in ambulatory settings.
A crowdsourced intervention to decrease hepatitis B stigma in men who have sex with men in China: A cohort study
Authors: Shen Karen , Yang Nancy S. , Huang Wenting , Fitzpatrick Thomas S. , Tang Weiming , Zhao Yang , Wang Yehua , Li Linghua , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: October 2019

Stigma against people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a barrier to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HBV in China. Our study examined an innovative intervention to reduce HBV stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We extracted data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in May 2018, where the intervention consisted of crowdsourced images and videos to promote viral hepatitis testing and reduce HBV stigma. HBV stigma was assessed using a 20‐item scale at baseline and four weeks post‐enrolment. Participants were divided into three groups based on their exposure to intervention: full exposure, partial exposure and no exposure. Linear regression was used to determine associations between baseline stigma and participant characteristics. Data from 470 MSM were analysed. Mean participant age was 25 years old and 56% had less education than a college bachelor's degree. Full exposure to intervention was associated with significant stigma reduction (adjusted beta = −3.49; 95% CI = −6.11 to −0.87; P = .01), while partial exposure led to stigma reduction that was not statistically significant. The mean stigma score was 50.6 (SD ± 14.7) at baseline, and stigma was most prominent regarding physical contact with HBV carriers. Greater HBV stigma was associated with not having a recent doctor's visit (adjusted beta = 4.35, 95% CI = 0.19 to 8.52; P = .04). In conclusion, crowdsourcing can decrease HBV stigma among MSM in China and may be useful in anti‐stigma campaigns for vulnerable populations in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Effectiveness of imepitoin for the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs
Authors: Engel Odilo , Müller Hanns Walter , Klee Rebecca , Francke Bradley , Mills Daniel Simon
Published: October 2019

Background

Noise phobia is a common behavior problem in dogs for which there are limited treatment options.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of imepitoin in comparison to placebo for the control of anxiety and fear associated with noise phobia in dogs.

Animals

Two hundred thirty‐eight client‐owned dogs with noise phobia were recruited in veterinary clinics.

Methods

This placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blinded, clinical trial used a predictable noise event as eliciting context, the traditional New Year's Eve fireworks in Germany and the Netherlands. Owners began treatment 2 days before the anticipated noise event with administration of either imepitoin 30 mg/kg body weight Q12h or placebo for 3 consecutive days. On New Year's Eve, owners noted their observations of their dog's fear and anxiety behavior at 1600, 2200, 0020, and 0100 hours and scored the overall treatment effect on the following day.

Results

In the 16‐item owner report of fear and anxiety signs, fear and anxiety behaviors were significantly reduced under imepitoin treatment compared to placebo (delta −6.1 scoring points; P < .0001). A significantly higher proportion of owners reported a good or excellent overall treatment effect in the imepitoin group compared to placebo (odds ratio 4.689; 95% CI, 2.79‐7.89; P < .0001).

Conclusion

Imepitoin effectively controls fear and anxiety associated with noise phobia in dogs.
Genetic diversity of primate strongylid nematodes: Do sympatric nonhuman primates and humans share their strongylid worms?
Authors: Pafčo Barbora , Kreisinger Jakub , Čížková Dagmar , Pšenková-Profousová Ilona , Shutt-Phillips Kathryn , Todd Angelique , Fuh Terence , Petrželková Klára J. , Modrý David
Published: October 2019

The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) can result in a high potential for pathogen exchange. In recent decades, NHP and human interactions have become more frequent due to increasing habitat encroachment and ecotourism. Strongylid communities, which include members of several genera, are typically found in NHPs. Using optimized high‐throughput sequencing for strain‐level identification of primate strongylids, we studied the structure of strongylid communities in NHPs and humans co‐habiting a tropical forest ecosystem in the Central African Republic. General taxonomic assignment of 85 ITS‐2 haplotypes indicated that the studied primates harbour at least nine genera of strongylid nematodes, with Oesophagostomum and Necator being the most prevalent. We detected both host‐specific and shared strongylid haplotypes. Skin‐penetrating Necator gorillaehaplotypes were shared between humans and gorillas but Necator americanus were much more restricted to humans. Strongylid communities of local hunter‐gatherers employed as trackers were more similar to those of gorillas compared to their relatives, who spent more time in villages. This was due to lower abundance of human‐origin N. americanus in both gorillas and trackers. Habituated gorillas or those under habituation did not show larger overlap of strongylids with humans compared to unhabituated. We concluded that the occurrence of the human‐specific strongylids in gorillas does not increase with direct contact between gorillas and humans due to the habituation. Overall, our results indicate that the degree of habitat sharing between hosts, together with mode of parasite transmission, are important factors for parasite spillover among primates.