bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis Revealed a New Prospective of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Okhovatian Farshad , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei Tavirani Sina
Published: December 2023

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known by a number of mental disorders, including recurring memories of trauma, mental appalling, and escaping of sign that make them recall the trauma in question. Clinical interviews serve as the main diagnostic tool for PTSD. With respect to treatment, either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy or a combination of both is used as a therapeutic method for PTSD. In this study, a number of crucial genes related to PTSD, which can be considered as biomarker candidates, were represented. Materials and Methods: The genes related to PTSD were extracted from the STRING database and organized in a protein-protein interaction network with the help of Cytoscape software version 3.6.0. The network was analyzed, and the important genes were introduced based on central indices. The biological processes related to the crucial genes were enriched via gene ontology using ClueGO. Results: From a total of 100 genes, 63 genes were extracted that formed the main connected component, and of these, 12 crucial genesÂ¾POMC, BDNF, FOS, NR3C1, CRH, IL6, NPS, HTR1A, NPY, CREB1, CRHR1, and TAC1Â¾were introduced. Biological processes were classified into the regulation of corticosterone, regulation of behavior, response to fungus, multicellular organism response to stress, and associative learning. Conclusion: The introduced 12 crucial genes can be used as a biomarker panel related to PTSD and can be considered as a diagnostic reagent or drug target; however, more investigations are needed to use these genes as biomarkers.[GMJ.2018;7:e1137]
Incidental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Psoriasis Patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Akhoundi Neda , Faghihi Langroudi Taraneh , Shafizadeh Kiarash , Jabbarzadeh Mohamad Javad , Talebi Sepehr
Published: December 2023

Background: Psoriasis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease involving keratinocytes hyperproliferation of the epidermis with the acceleration in the epidermal turnover time, which is affected by various factors including genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. There is a high risk for the development of premature cardiovascular diseases among patients with psoriasis as well as one of the life-threatening events is an aortic aneurysm (AA). Case Report: We report a 60-year-old man with the diagnosed psoriatic disease that an enlargement of theÂ abdominal AA was incidentally found by annual check-up. Conclusion: Further large-scale studies are needed to find the prevalence of abdominal AA in psoriasis and the appropriate screening time of that in this disease.Â [GMJ.2018;7:e1168]
The Role of Herbal Medicine as Anti-Cancer Medicine: From The Claim to Truth
Authors: Aryan Hoda
Published: December 2023

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Proteinuria and Renal Dysfunction after Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bagheri Sina , Dormanesh Banafshe , Afarid Mehrdad , Sagheb Mohammad Mahdi
Published: December 2023

Background: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is one of the most important microvascular complications among the patients with diabetes. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent enacts a key role in PDR. Some studies have dealt with the systemic exposure to these agents after intravitreal administration. However, renal dysfunction following this therapy has scarcely been reported. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment on the deterioration of renal function and proteinuria.

Materials and Methods: This present prospective observational study was performed on 40 patients with diabetic nephropathy and PDR and/or significant diabetic macular edema as the candidates for receiving intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. To evaluate renal function, changes in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine (SCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) one month after injection were measured. Also, changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs), plasma VEGF level, platelet, white blood cell (WBC) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) level were measured at the baseline and one month after treatment.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.3 Â± 9.2 years, and 33 patients were female. The decrease in the plasma VEGF level and platelet count, as well as the increase in diastolic BP, and Hb level were significant. However, systolic BP and WBC count remained unchanged. There were no significant changes in UACR, SCr, and eGFR after the injection as compared to baseline (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Our study indicated that intravitreal bevacizumab injection was not associated with renal dysfunction and proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nevertheless, diastolic BP and Hb level could increase after one month. [GMJ.2018;In press:e1299]
Exercise and Atrial Fibrillation: Some Good News and Some Bad News
Authors: Sepehri Shamloo Alireza , Arya Arash , Dagres Nikolas , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: December 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered as the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults, whose incidence rate is on the rise due to the increase in the mean age of the global population. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective factors in the incidence of AF to prevent them and thereby reduce the consequences of AF. Physical activity is one of the topics that attracted much attention in the last two decades. According to some findings, extreme and prolonged exercise itself can be considered as a risk factor for the onset of AF; however, other studies have shown that exercise can be regarded a protective factor against AF in the general population. The present study reviews the findings of studies on the relationship between AF and exercise and discusses possible mechanisms for this relationship. Additionally, we present some recommendations for researchers and physicians about exercise management in association with AF prevention.Â [GMJ.2018;7:e1401]Â
Sleep Disorders and Atrial Fibrillation: Current Situation and Future Directions
Authors: Sepehri Shamloo Alireza , Arya Arash , Dagres Nikolas , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: December 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing health problem worldwide. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in the relationship between sleep disorders and AF. Several studies have reported higher prevalence and incidence rates of AF in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). However, some believe that OSAHS is not a risk factor for AF; but AF, by itself, is regarded as one of the possible triggers for OSAHS. In this study, the related literature investigating the association between OSAHS and AF was reviewed, and then the possible mechanisms of this interplay were discussed. To conclude, recommendations for further research in this field were presented to researchers and some points were highlighted for physicians.[GMJ.2018;7:e1416]
Association Between First Episode Schizophrenia, Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance-Related Proteins in Female Balb/C Mice
Authors: Sattar Haseeb , Li Huqun , Han Yong , Zhou Hong , Darbalaei Sanaz , Li Weiyong
Published: December 2023

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of different disorders mainly includes, insulin resistance, obesity, cerebrovascular disorders, dyslipidemia, which leads to increase mortality. Patients suffering from related psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are at the higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the first episode of schizophrenia, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance-related proteins in blood and adipose tissue of mice.

Materials and Methods: Twelve, female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into two groups; one group was injected intraperitoneal MK-801 (0.6mg/kg/d) to induce schizophrenia, and other group received the 0.9% normal saline for two weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), were observed. Blood and adipose tissue were collected and Western blotting was done to evaluate the insulin resistance related proteins (GGPPS, FAT, PTP-1B, GRK2, ATGL, FGF21, and PGC-1Î±) by using GAPDH as an internal standard.Â 

Results: There was a significant increase in mean body weight in schizophrenic group (21.76 vs 22.81, P=004). On day 14, the FBG, insulin concentrations and Homeostatic model assessment and insulin resistance (HOME-IR) were high in schizhphrenic group vs control group, e.g. 5.3Â±0.6 vs 3.47Â±0.2 (P=0.0001), 28.9Â±2.2 vs 23.3Â±0.6 (P<0.005) and 9.2Â±1.3 vs 3.9Â±0.2 (P=0.0001) . Impaired glucose tolerance deranged from 4.8mmol/L to 6.4mmol/L. Western blotting showed a marked increase in the expression of GGPPS, FAT, ATGL, and FGF21 proteins in monocytes and PTP-1B, GRK2, and PGC-1Î± ratios in adipose tissues.

Conclusion: There was a positive relation between schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome e.g. insulin resistance and obesity. Certain proteins in adipocytes and blood were responsible for causing insulin resistance. [GMJ.2018;7:e692]
Effectiveness of Povidone-Iodine 1% Eye Drop on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Induced-Keratitis in Mice
Authors: Hadipour Jahromy Mahsa , Najafi Abdolhamid , Majdi Nassab Farzaneh , Moiniyan Mahya
Published: December 2023

Background: Bacterial keratitis is an ophthalmic infection that may result in irreversible corneal damage. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of povidone-iodine eye drop 1% in eye infection caused by inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli of mice.Â Materials and Methods: In this study, 49 adult male CBA/J mice were used that divided into seven equal groups. The corneas of all mice were scratched and infected with a clinical strain of either S. pneumoniae or E. coli topically, except control group. Subgroups received chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drop twice daily in case of S. pneumoniae infection or ciprofloxacin 0.3% eye drop every 4 hours following E. coli infection from or povidone-iodine 1% eye drop in both groups, from post infection (PI) day 3 to7. Slit lamp examinations (SLE) of the corneas and eyes were performed every day to examine detectable or intense corneal opacity and erosion.Â Results: In all infected mice, SLE scores were significantly higher than the control group on PI day 3. Scores increased steadily by time in all infected groups without treatment, reached to maximal value on PI day 7. In infected groups, treatment with either povidone-iodine 1% or chloramphenicol 0.5% or ciprofloxacin 0.3% on day 3, significantly decreased the SLE scores on PI day 7.Â Conclusion: Povidone-Iodine 1% was effective to decrease S. pneumoniae and E. coli induced-keratitis symptoms in mice. Treatment with povidone-iodine 1% was observed time-dependently and was comparable to common eye drop antibiotics. [GMJ.2019;8:e1161]
Influence of MLC901 Alone and with Moderate Exercise on Pain Response Concurrent Due to Stress of Male Mice
Authors: Nasehi Maryam , Ghazalian Farshad , Shakeri Nader , Nasehi Mohammad , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: Physical exercise is known to have a positive effect on pain responses induced by stress, while chronic stress causes a negative effect on cognitive abilities. Depending on the type, duration, and intensity of the stressor, it can induce analgesia or hyperalgesia. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine MLC901 on stress processes have been reported. Here, the effects of MLC901 and moderate physical activity on pain response in restraint-stressed mice was investigated. Materials and Methods: Male NMRI mice were used in this study and were restrained in plexiglass mesh restrainers for induction of chronic restraint stress. Treadmill exercise was carried out for moderated exercise, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. MLC901 was intraperitoneally administered in the experimental groups. The pain response of the adult NMRI mice was detected via the hot-plate test. Results: It was showed that intraperitoneal administration of MLC901 dose (0.4 but not 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg; once/2 days; for 25 days) resulted in the decreased percentage of time in the hot plate, indicating hyperalgesia. Moreover, restraint stress for 3 but not 6 and 9 hours/day elicit hyperalgesia in mice. The data showed that subthreshold dose of MLC901 (0.1 mg/kg) reduced hyperalgesia in 3-day stressed mice. Moderate treadmill running (10 meters/min for 30 min/day, 5 days/week) potentiated the effect of 6 and 9 days on pain (induced hyperalgesia) that was blocked by MLC901 (0.1 mg/kg). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that subthreshold dose of MLC901 alone or when it associated with moderate exercise decreased hyperalgesia induced by stress, indicating the protective effect of MLC901. [GMJ.2019;8:e1253]
Gene and Biochemical Pathway Evaluation of Burns Injury via Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis
Authors: Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid , Mansouri Vahid , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Bashash Davood , Zamanian Azodi Mona
Published: December 2023

Background: Severe burns injury can affect several vital systems in the body and can cause inflammation in organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Many inflammatory mediators and regulatory hormones related to burn injuries are recognized. In this study, the genes related to burn injury interacted via network analysis, and the central nodes were enriched through gene ontology (GO). Materials and Methods: Disease query of STRING database was used for data gathering, and the network was constructed using Cytoscape software version 3.6.0. After gene screening, the central nodes were enriched via GO analysis by ClueGO. The highlighted genes and pathways were clustered and analyzed in detail. Results: Among 1067 genes, 35 critical genes that are involved in the 14 highlighted biochemical pathways were recognized. Interpretation of the finding indicates that a number of central genes can be considered as potential biomarkers related to burn injury. Conclusion: Can we revise to â€œBurn injuries have features that are common to severalÂ  diseases and increases their risk. [GMJ.2019;8:e1257]Â
Possible Role of Myopia as a Risk Factor for Mechanical Neck Pain in Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kardeh Bahareh , Ashraf Alireza , Kardeh Sina
Published: December 2023

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is a common health concern. Some studies suggested a relationship between neck pain and visual activity. We assessed the role of myopia as a contributing factor in the development of chronic MNP. Materials and Methods: All medical students at Shiraz University School of Medicine, who were 18 to 22 years old, were invited to participate in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to March 2017. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the average neck pain severity over the past 6 months in order to enroll participants as the case (â‰¥3) or control (<3) groups. Demographic data and medical profile were obtained. After identifying eligible cases, we assigned age- and sex-matched controls, who also met the study criteria. Subsequently, participants completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) questionnaires and were evaluated for myopia severity. Variables were compared between the case and control groups as well as within the case group. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Â Results: From over 700 medical students, around 150 cooperated. Eventually, 31 eligible cases (and 31 controls) were studied. NDI and NPDS were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were noticed between the groups regarding the severity (P=0.123) and the duration (P=0.417) of myopia. Also, the correlation of myopia severity with NDPS (Ï=0.159, P=0.216) and NDI (Ï=0.201, P=0.116) was non-significant within the case group.Â Conclusion: Our findings have not supported the influential role of myopia in the development of chronic MNP.Â  [GMJ.2019;8:e1287]
Avicennaâ€™s Concepts on Cancer Metastasis from the 11th Century
Authors: Kardeh Bahareh , Kardeh Sina
Published: December 2023

From ancient times to the era of industrialization, medical and philosophical scholars have long been wondering about the nature and the underlying mystery of cancer. Despite the extensive efforts in recent decades trying to shed light on the true histopathologic basis of malignancies, many questions remain to be elucidated. Thus, itâ€™s not surprising that even the most notable predecessor physicians knew only very little about cancer and metastasis. In this paper, we present a brief review of the historical assumptions about the origin and spread of tumoral growths. Subsequently, we will look at an impressing notion by Avicenna about the possibility of local metastasis, which had remained unacknowledged so far and highlights the intellect of this great Persian physician even further. [GMJ.2019;8:e1292]Â
Efficacy of Rose Oil Soft Capsules on Clinical Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Tavakoli Ali , Shirzad Meysam , Taghavi Alireza , Fattahi Mohammadreza , Ahmadian-Attari Mohammadmahdi , Mohammad Taghizadeh Leila , Rostami Chaijan Mahsa , Sedigh Rahimabadi Masih , Akrami Rahimeh
Published: December 2023

Background: Ulcerative colitis is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide, which presents with superficial ulcers in the rectum and colon. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of rose oil soft capsules over placebo on the clinical outcomes in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Materials and Methods: This study was a pilot randomized, double-blind clinical trial, and the 40 patients were assigned into rose oil and placebo groups (n=20 per group). All patients were instructed to use their prescribed two soft capsules three times daily for two months. The clinical symptoms, quality of life the patients, and calprotectin level were evaluated via partial Mayo clinic score, irritable bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ-9), and calprotectin kit as primary outcome measures. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41Â±10 years. Most of them (53.6%) were male, and the remaining (46.4%) were female. The demographic and baseline data showed no differences between the two groups. Partial Mayo clinic scores decreased in both groups after the treatment, but the difference between the rose oil and placebo groups was not statistically significant (P=0.99). IBDQ-9 score also increased in both interventions before and after the treatment (P=0.012), though the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (P=0.61). There were no significant differences between the two study groups either in terms of calprotectin level (P=0.219). Conclusion: This study showed that rose oil might improve ulcerative colitis clinical outcomes, but for a better evaluation, it is imperative to conduct experiments with a large sample size and longer follow-up observation. [GMJ.2019;8:e1307]
Evaluation of Herbal Mouthwashes Containing Zataria Multiflora Boiss, Frankincense and Combination Therapy on Patients with Gingivitis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Khoshbakht Zoleikha , Khashabi Ehsan , Khodaie Laleh , Torbati Mohammad Ali , Lotfipour Farzaneh , Hamishehkar Hamed
Published: December 2023

Background: Dental plaques as adhesive microbial aggregates on tooth surfaces are considered the first stage of tooth decay as well as gingivitis. Accordingly, the effect of different antimicrobial mouthwashes on removing dental plaques and preventing their formation has been evaluated in various studies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of herbal mouthwashes containing hydro-alcoholic extract of Zataria multiflora (ZM), Frankincense (FR), and a combination of both (ZM+FR) and compare it with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in subjects with gingivitis. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, controlled, clinical trial a total of 140 patients with gingivitis were divided into four groups including CHX (control group), ZM, FR, and ZM+FR groups. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were measured in days 1, 14, and 21. Results: All three herbal types of mouthwash significantly improved plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding throughout days 14 to 21 (P<0.001). There was no difference between herbal mouthwash with CHX groups. CHX mouthwash showed the most side effects (54.3%), while ZM mouthwash showed the least side effects and the highest consumer satisfaction (5.7% and 94%, respectively). Conclusion: All of the herbal mouthwashes can be good candidates for controlling gingivitis. Comparing with CHX mouthwash, herbal mouthwashes have lower side effects and negligible alcohol content. Among the herbal mouthwashes, ZM outperforms FR and FR+ZM due to its lower side effects and higher levels of patientsâ€™ satisfaction. [GMJ.2019;8:e1366]
A New Concept on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Persian Medicine Viewpoint
Authors: Aminian Ali , Yousefi Sedighe
Published: December 2023

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Ameliorative Effects of Different Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Paradigms on the Novel Object Recognition Task in a Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Zarifkar Amir Hossein , Zarifkar Asadollah , Nami Mohammad , Rafati Ali , Aligholi Hadi , Vafaee Farzaneh
Published: December 2023

Background: Treatment of Alzheimer as a disease that is associated with cognitive impairment has been associated with some restrictions. Recently, researchers have focused on non-pharmacological treatments, including non-invasive stimulation of the brain by transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Four main paradigms of transcranial electrical current include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial pulse current stimulation (tPCS). The tDCS is a possible new therapeutic option for patients with cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease. Materials and Methods: The study was done on Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-270 g. to develop Alzheimerâ€™s model, the cannula was implanted bilaterally into the hippocampus. AÎ² 25-35 (5Î¼g/ 2.5Âµl/day) was microinjected bilaterally for 4 days. Then, an electrical stimulation paradigm was applied to the animal for 6 days. Animal cognitive capacity was evaluated on day 11 and 12 by novel object recognition (NOR) test. Results: Our results showed that application of tDCS; tACS; tRNS and tPCS reversed beta-amyloid-induced impairment (P<0.05). The tRNS Group spent total exploration time around the objects compared to other groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the four different paradigms in discrimination ratio and the percentage of total exploration time. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of multiple sessions of different tES paradigms could improve AÎ²-induced memory impairment in the NOR test. Therefore, based on evidence, it can be expected that in addition to using tDCS, other stimulatory paradigms may also be considered in the treatment of AD. [GMJ.2019;8:e1440]
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction after Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection for Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Hosseinpoor Ali , Hashemi Masoud , Dadkhah Payman , Taheri Mehrdad , Ghasemi Mahshid , Farjam Mojtaba
Published: December 2023

Background: Cervical radiculopathy caused by disc herniation is a frequent public health issue with economical and socio-professional impacts. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction from cervical epidural steroid injection during a 2-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Results based on patientsâ€™ reports from a previously performed intervention of cervical epidural steroid injection on patients with cervical radiculopathy due to cervical disc herniation are prospectively collected. Outcome measures are Neck Disability Index (NDI), numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain assessment, and 5-scale patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ) plus opioid medication for pain relief, additional injections, and progression to surgery. Results: Of total 37 cases, 34 were available for follow-up after 2-year postoperatively. The mean preoperative NDI was 21.17 and improved to 17.38, and the mean NRS was 7.7 and improved to 5.00; both were statistically significant. Mean patient satisfaction after 2 years was 3.17 out of 5. 11 cases needed additional injections, and 4 of patients proceeded to surgery. Conclusion: We showed that transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injection for cervical radiculopathy is an effective non-surgical treatment option, providing significant pain relief and functional improvement during 2-years follow-up along with higher-than-average patient satisfaction in most of our patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1478]Â
Investigation on the Chronic Tension-Type Headache from the Persian Medicine Point of View
Authors: Azizi Hosein , Ghods Roshanak , Shojaii Asieh
Published: December 2023

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Value of Transverse Groove on the Earlobe and Hair Growth on the Ear to Predict the Risk for Coronary Artery Disease and Its Severity among Iranian Population, in Tehran City
Authors: Arefi Reza , Namazi Mohammad Hassan , Safi Morteza , Saadat Habiboulah , Vakili Hossein , Pishgahi Mehdi , Alipoor Parsa Saeed
Published: December 2023

Background: The use of phenotypic parameters along with other noninvasive diagnostic modality can lead to early diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and prevent its life-threatening outcome. Recently, the application of head and face components for assessing the risk for CAD much attention has been paid. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between ear characteristics (transverse groove on the earlobe and hair growth on the ear) and the risk for CAD and its severity among Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of 105 consecutive patients with suspected CAD undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was determined by the number of disease vessels as well as the presence of left main lesions assessed by coronary angiography. All patients were examined to evaluate the appearance of ear regarding the presence of transverse groove on the earlobe and hair growth on the ear. Results: Comparing cardiovascular parameters across the groups with and without transverse groove on the earlobe showed a higher rate of CAD as well as the higher number of involved coronary arteries than in the groups without transverse groove on the earlobe. Similarly, the presence of CAD and its higher severity were more revealed in patients with hair growth on the ear as compared to the group without this phenotype. According to multivariable logistic regression analysis and with the presence of baseline parameters, the presence of transverse groove on the earlobe and hair growth on the ear increased the risk for CAD by 2.4 and 4.4 fold, respectively. Conclusion: Along with classic cardiovascular risk factors, the role of growing hair on the ear and transverse groove on the ear to predict high risk for CAD should be considered. [GMJ.2020;8:e1443]
Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure to 2.4 GHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Wi-Fi Routers on the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Amani Samad , Taheri Mohammad , Movahedi Mohammad Mehdi , Mohebi Mohammad , Nouri Fatemeh , Mehdizadeh Alireza
Published: December 2023

Background: Overuse of antibiotics is a cause of bacterial resistance. It is known that electromagnetic waves emitted from electrical devices can cause changes in biological systems. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted from common Wi-Fi routers on changes in antibiotic sensitivity to opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Standard strains of bacteria were prepared in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility test, based on the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, was carried out in Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Two different antibiotic susceptibility tests for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were conducted after exposure to 2.4-GHz radiofrequency radiation. The control group was not exposed to radiation. Results: Our findings revealed that by increasing the duration of exposure to electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 2.4 GHz, bacterial resistance increased against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, especially after 24 hours (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4 GHz can be a suitable method for infection control and treatment. [GMJ.2020;9:e1580]
Papillary Thyroid Cancer-Promoting Activities of Combined Oral Contraceptive Components
Authors: Rajabi Sadegh , Nikzamir Abdolrahim , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: December 2023

Background: Thyroid cancer is more common in women at reproductive age, suggesting the relationship between its high-incidence and therapeutic use of hormonal medications, such as oral contraceptives (OCPs). The aim of this study was to identify the effect of low-dose combined OCP (LD-COC) on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) BCPAP cell line. Materials and Methods: BCPAP cells were cultured and treated with the combination of 90nM levonorgestrel (LNG) and 20nM ethinylestradiol (EE) for 48 hours. Afterward, using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the proliferation of the cells was measured. Apoptosis was determined by using a Caspase-3 ELISA kit. Migratory properties of combined LNG and EE were studied through wound scratch assay. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic factor BAX, anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2, and proliferation marker Ki67 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: Upon treatment with the combination of LNG and EE, proliferation and migration of BCPAP cells were significantly enhanced. However, LNG and EE remarkably inhibited apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, treating PTC cells with combined LNG and EE caused a marked increase in the expression of Bcl2 and Ki67 and a considerable decrease in BAX levels (PË‚â€‰0.05). Conclusion: Our data linked the use of COCs and the progression and aggressiveness of PTC, suggesting the role of these hormonal compounds as promoting factors for PTC tumors. Despite these observations, further investigations will be required to fully establish the pathogenic impact of these medications on PTC. [GMJ.2020;9:e1648]
Factors Influencing User Satisfaction with Information Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kalankesh Leila R , Nasiry Zahra , Fein Rebecca , Damanabi Shahla
Published: December 2023

User satisfaction has been considered as the measure of information system effectiveness success. User satisfaction is difficult to define but is considered an evaluation construct. Globally health organizations, particularly hospitals, invest a huge amount of money on information system projects. If hospital information systems (HISs) are to be successful, factors influencing or related to user satisfaction should be taken into account at the time of designing, developing or adopting such systems. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of factors related to user satisfaction with information systems. The researchers systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, and IEEE electronic databases for articles published from January 1990 to June 2016. A search strategy was developed using a combination of the following keywords:  â€œmodel,â€ â€œuser satisfaction,â€ â€œinformation system,â€ â€œmeasurement,â€ â€œinstrument,â€ and â€œ tool.â€ Reported dimensions, factors, and their possible influence on user satisfaction with information systems were extracted from the studies wherever was possible. Overall factors influencing user satisfaction with information systems can be categorized in seven dimensions: Information quality, system quality, vendor support quality, system use, perceived usefulness, user characteristics, and organizational structure& management style. If all these factors are considered properly in the process of developing, designing, implementing, or purchasing information systems, the higher user satisfaction with the system will be likely. Otherwise, it would end up with unsatisfied users that will finally contribute to the system failure. [GMJ.2020;9:e1686]
The Optimal Cut-off Score of the Nijmegen Questionnaire for Diagnosing Hyperventilation Syndrome Using a Bayesian Model in the Absence of a Gold Standard
Authors: Azizmohammad Looha Mehdi , Masaebi Fatemeh , Abedi Mohsen , Mohseni Navid , Fakharian Atefeh
Published: December 2023

Background: The Nijmegen questionnaire is one of the most common tools for diagnosing hyperventilation syndrome (HVS). However, there is no precise cut-off score for differentiating patients with HVS from those without HVS. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Nijmegen questionnaire for detecting patients with HVS and to provide the best cut-off score for differentiating patients with HVS from normal individuals using a Bayesian model in the absence of a gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of 490 students from a rehabilitation center in Tehran, Iran, were asked to participate in this case study of HVS from January to August 2018. Results: A total of 215 students (40% male and 60% female) completed the Nijmegen questionnaire. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.93 (male: 0.95; female: 94) for all of the cut-off scores. The optimal cut-off score of â‰¥20 could predict HVS with sensitivity of 0.91 (male: 0.99; female: 91) and specificity of 0.92 (male: 96; female: 89). Conclusion: Accurate differentiation of HVS patients from individuals without HVS can be accomplished by estimating the cut-off score of Nijmegen questionnaire based on a non-parametric Bayesian model. [GMJ.2020;9:e1738]
A Life-Changing Moment in a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes: Insulin Holiday
Authors: Butt Muhammad Imran , Mukhtar Noha , Riazuddin Muhammad , Amer Lama , Elsayed Tarek
Published: December 2023

Background: The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can be a life-changing moment for our patients particularly having to live with the idea of taking insulin all their life and the barriers it can bring about. Case report: We report a patient with ten years of autoimmune type 1 diabetes treated with insulin. He was able to stop insulin in favour of oral diabetes agents after dynamic endocrine tests confirmed micro insulin secretion despite autoimmunity. Our case demonstrates that a detailed history and thorough investigations adopting a holistic approach can sometimes change the course of disease management and can leave a positive impact on the life of our patients. Conclusion: Patients with partial retention of beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes can temporarily stop insulin safely with ongoing surveillance. [GMJ.2020;9:e1769]
Antagonistic and Immunomodulant Effects of Two Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus on Clinical Strains of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Falsafi Tahereh , Taghizadeh Somayyeh , Kasra Kermanshahi Rouha , Ramezani Reihaneh
Published: December 2023

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in situ antagonistic effects of Lactobacillus probiotic strains on clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori . Also to investigate their immunomodulation effects on a macrophage cell model. Materials and Methods: Anti-microbial effects of probiotic lactobacilli against H. pylori was assessed using the well and disk diffusion methods. Effects of lactobacilli probiotics strains, as well as their cell-free supernatant on adhesion of H. pylori to MKN-45 gastric epithelial cells, were examined in their presence and absence. Immunomodulation effects of probiotic lactobacilli were performed using the U937 macrophage cell model. Incubation of host cells with probiotics and their cell-free supernatants with cultured host cells was performed in different optimized conditions. The supernatant of host cells cultured in their presence and absence was used for cytokines measurement. Results: Two probioticsâ€, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC1607, could inhibit the growth of clinical H. pylori in vitro. They could also inhibit attachment of H. pylori to MKN-45 cells. Cell-free supernatant of L. acidophilus had a stimulating effect on the production of Interferon-gamma (IFN-Î³) by U937 cells. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that, L. acidophilus ATCC4356 and L. rhamnosus PTCC1607 probiotic strains can inhibit the growth of clinical H. pylori in vitro. Treatment of U937 with alive H. pylori plus cell-free supernatant of L. acidophilus, have a significantly higher capacity to stimulate IFN-Î³ production than H. pylori alone. So, the metabolite (s) of this probiotic may have an immunomodulatory effect in immune response versus H. pylori. [GMJ.2020;9:e1794]
Complex Twisted Knots of Umbilical Cord in a Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Gestation: A Case Report
Authors: Razavi Behnaz , Kasraeian Maryam , Hashemi Atefe , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Najib Fateme Sadat
Published: December 2023

Background: True knots and tight loops of umbilical cord can cause serious fetal complications in monochorionic-monoamniotic twins but are usually unexpected in Monochorionic-diamniotic twins because of the presence of the intertwin membrane. This report presents a case of monochorionic-diamniotic twin gestation with a complex cord knots. Case report: A 31-year-old G2Ab1 with monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy in the gestational age of 30 weeks presented with ruptured membrane since 3weeks before delivery. At the delivery time, multiple umbilical cord knots was found. Conclusion: Premature ruptured membrane can cause septostomy of the intertwin membrane, multiple umbilical cord knots and its complications. Therefore, these cases should be considered for evaluation of the presence of intertwin membrane and umbilical cord knots in each sonography examination. [GMJ.2020;9:e1878]
Comparison of Auditory Brain Stem Responses and Otoacoustic Emission of Autism with Healthy Children
Authors: Jabbari Moghaddam Yalda , Noorazar Seyed Gholamreza , Kharzaee Rasul , Sohrabpour Mojtaba
Published: December 2023

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder, including difficulty in establishing relationships and social interaction, difficulty in communication, performing restricted, and repetitive behaviors. The impaired reception and integration of sensory information especially auditory data are one of the main characteristics of children with autism.  According to various studies, the brain stem plays a key role in the reception and integration of auditory and sensory data. Hence, this study aims to comparison auditory brain stem responses (ABR) and otoacoustic emission (OAE) of autism patients with healthy children. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 20 autism children (4-8 years old) as case group who referred to psychiatry clinics affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and 20 healthy age-matched as the control group. The severity of autism was evaluated by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS). Also, ABR and OAE were recorded, and all data compared with the healthy children. Results: The latencies between the waves III-V and I-V bilaterally, and wave V bilaterally and wave I in the left ear showed a significant increase in children with autism compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: This study shows that there was a reduced nerve conduction velocity in the auditory pathway of the brain stem in children with autism compared to healthy children. [GMJ.2020;9:e1937]
Reinterpreting human in the digital age: From anthropocentricism to posthumanism and transhumanism
Authors: TÜFEKCİ CAN Dilek
Published: December 2023

This paper builds its arguments on the (re)interpretation of ‘human’ and its entanglements with nonhumans in the digital age. Since the concept of humanness has prominently transformed into something innovative because of immense improvements in science and technology, and thereby society, terms such as human, nonhuman, posthuman, and transhuman including cyborgs, have emerged as concepts that require to be reinterpreted in the digital age. In a planet where cryptocurrency, artificial intelligence, 5G technology, autonomous vehicles, quantum computers, genetic engineering, edge computing, microchips, green tech, and hydrogen fuel cells are commonly regarded as innovative inventions of the 21st century, the positions of humans are decentralized and displaced from centralized to more peripheric spheres. Beginning from anthropocentrism, broadly defined as a thought process that makes humans the primary measure of everything, this paper exposes the (trans)formation of humans from anthropocentricism to posthumanism and paradoxically from posthumanism to transhumanism by drawing upon the philosophical discussions of Donna Haraway, Rosi Braidotti, Cary Wolfe, Francesca Ferrando. By interrogating the socio-cultural existence of humans through epistemological and ontological viewpoints, this paper attempts to (re)define the place of humans in the digital age with a focus on the relationship between human and nonhuman beings and their entanglements.
ВПЛИВ НОРМИ ВИСІВУ НА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ АМАРАНТУ
Authors: Тирусь М.
Published: December 2023

Амарант як сільськогосподарська культура був відомий ще за дві тисячі років до нашої ери, але водночас сьогодні характерний недостатнім розвитком технології вирощування. В умовах Лісостепу Західного на темно-сірому опідзоленому ґрунті були проведені польові дослідження з метою встановлення оптимальної норми висіву амаранту. Погодні умови в роки досліджень були досить контрастними й відрізнялись від середньобагаторічних даних як за сумою опадів, так і за рівнем температури. У 2020 і 2022роках середня температура за вегетаційний період становила 15,3°С, що на 0,5°С вище від багаторічних даних. У 2021 році вона (14,8°С) відповідала середнім багаторічним даним. У 2020 році за вегетаційний період випало на 129мм вище норми, у 2021 році – на 73мм, у 2022 році – на 28мм. Досліджували шість норм висіву: 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2млн схожих насінин на 1га.
Встановлено, що норма висіву насіння змінювала польову схожість амаранту. За норми висіву 0,2млн/га вона становила 70%, а за висівання 1,2млн/га знизилась до 60%, або на 10%. Уваріантах із вищими нормами висіву густота рослин була більшою. У фазі сходів за висіву 0,2млн/га було 14 рослин, а за висіву 1,2млн/га кількість рослин зросла до 72шт/м2. Виживання рослин за вегетаційний період різко зменшувалось при загущенні посівів: із 86% за норми висіву 0,2млн/га до 45% за висіву 1,2млн/га. Оптимальним поєднанням основних елементів структури виявилось: 21 рослин/м2 та 26 рослин/м2 і маса зерна з однієї рослини 20,4г та 16,1г. Найвищу врожайність зерна амаранту сорту Харківський 1 одержано за норм висіву 0,4млн/га та 0,6млн/га – відповідно 4,28т/га та 4,20т/га. Збільшення чи зменшення норми висіву призводить до спаду рівня врожайності.
ЯГІДНІ ДИВОКУЛЬТУРИ У ФЕРМЕРСЬКОМУ СЕКТОРІ: МАРКЕТИНГОВА СПЕКУЛЯЦІЯ ЧИ ЦІННЕ ВІТАМІННЕ ДОПОВНЕННЯ ДО РАЦІОНУ
Authors: Рожко І.С. , Рожко І.М.
Published: December 2023

Акцентовано на тому, що вирощування нетрадиційних ягідних культур (лохини, жимолості їстівної та інших) має бути не тільки економічно вигідним, але й екологічно безпечним, як у плані безпечності самих ягід, так і в плані впливу на довкілля. Фермерам при виборі культур слід умикати критичне мислення, що ґрунтується на базових знаннях шкільної програми з біології, географії та перевіреній фаховій інформації, а не сліпо піддаватися масованому рекламному натиску інформаційно-комунікативних ресурсів; необхідно враховувати екологічні ризики та загрози, які можуть виникати при їх вирощуванні.
З огляду на те, що лохина та жимолость їстівна потребують багато води для поливу, а в географічних умовах Головного європейського вододілу Західної України вододефіцитність зростатиме, як і тенденції глобальних змін клімату, вважаємо, що підвищення собівартості вирощування цих ягідних культур завдаватиме лише економічних збитків. Усе це матиме негативний еколого-економічний ефект, подолання якого триватиме десятиліттями, за умови проведення відповідних рекультиваційних робіт.
Вирощування малини звабливої може бути непередбачуваним, позаяк рослина дуже конкурентна. За відсутності належного догляду можливе неконтрольоване поширення, що становитиме загрозу для природних екосистем. Враховуючи наявні проблеми сьогодення, пов’язані з інтродукованими видами сільськогосподарських культур чи нібито декоративними рослинами й медоносами, наприклад, борщівником Сосновського (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.), золотушником (золотарником) канадським (Solidágo canadénsis L.), треба бути максимально обережними в ухваленні рішень.
ВПЛИВ ГІБЕРЕЛОВОЇ КИСЛОТИ НА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ПЕТРУШКИ КОРЕНЕПЛІДНОЇ (PETROSELINUMCRISPUML.) В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Підлубенко І. , Дидів І. , Овчіннікова О.
Published: December 2023

За результатами досліджень 2018–2020 років для агрокліматичної зони Лівобережного Лісостепу України проведено комплексне дослідження з визначення впливу концентрації фітогормону гіберелової кислоти на показники врожайності та якості коренеплодів зразків петрушки коренеплідної (Petroselinum crispum L.) та виділено найбільш діючі концентрації речовини. Доведено, що вплив на врожайність коренеплодів петрушки коренеплідної мали як гіберелова кислота в різних концентраціях діючої речовини, так і агрокліматичні умови дослідного поля. Застосування гіберелової кислоти дало змогу зменшити вихід нетоварних коренеплодів до 0,9–2,4т/га. Кількість товарної продукції в межах досліду була на рівні 27,6–35,7т/га. Вищі показники спостерігали у варіантах із застосуванням гіберелової кислоти. Застосування гіберелової кислоти обприскуванням рослин у період вегетації дало змогу збільшити показник діаметра головки коренеплоду петрушки до рівня 3,5–5,0см. Довжина коренеплодів у досліді становила 15,6–19,4см і також була більшою за використання регуляторів росту. Результати аналізу біохімічного складу коренеплодів петрушки коренеплідної довели, що регулятори росту змінили вміст сухої речовини, загального цукру, вітаміну С і нітратів. За вмістом сухої речовини перевагу зауважено у варіантах із дворазовим обприскуванням рослин розчином гіберелової кислоти, у яких вміст сухої речовини на 2,6–3,9% був більшим порівняно з контролем. Зауважено, що обприскування рослин петрушки коренеплідної розчином гіберелової кислоти сприяло зменшенню вмісту нітратів у коренеплодах, зокрема у варіантах із застосуванням регулятора росту вміст нітратів був на 81–159мг/кг меншим порівняно з контрольним варіантом.