bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Ultrasonic Velocity and Compressibility Analysis for Various Edible Oils: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma M. D.
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of ultrasonic velocity and compressibility properties in a selection of commonly used edible oils, namely mustard oil, olive oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, and soybean oil. Understanding the acoustic and compressibility characteristics of these oils is of significant interest due to their widespread culinary and industrial applications. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were conducted using a precision ultrasonic velocity analyzer, while compressibility analysis was performed through precise density measurements. Our findings reveal distinct differences in ultrasonic velocity and compressibility among the various oils. This comparative study contributes to our understanding of the acoustical and compressibility characteristics of edible oils, offering potential applications in food processing, quality control, and product development. Additionally, the findings may have implications in the field of biomedical and industrial applications where these oils are utilized.
Fuzzy Inference Quintuple Implication Method Based on Single Valued Neutrosophic t-representable t-norm
Authors: Luo Minxia , Sun Ziyang , Wu Lixian
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the single valued neutrosophic fuzzy inference quintuple implication method. Firstly, single valued neutrosophic fuzzy inference quintuple implication principles for fuzzy modus ponens and fuzzy modus tollens are given. Then, single-valued neutrosophic R-type quintuple implication solutions for fuzzy modus ponens (FMP) and fuzzy modus tollens (FMT) are given. Finally, the robustness of the quintuple implication method based on a left-continuous single-valued neutrosophic t-representable t-norm is investigated. As a special case of the main results, the sensitivity of quintuple implication solutions based on special single-valued neutrosophic residual implications is given.
Strategi Implementasi Teori Manajemen Gereja untuk Pertumbuhan Jemaat
Authors: Gladys Ansye Rangian  , Beni Chandra Purba  , Budi Kelana
Published: April 2024

Congregational growth and spiritual development of church members are the primary goals of every religious community. However, the challenges faced by the church today are not solely limited to spiritual aspects but also consider management aspects that support healthy and sustainable growth. This paper aims to investigate the implementation strategies of church management theory as an effort to advance congregation growth and enhance individual spiritual quality. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, allowing researchers to delve into the complexity of social situations influencing church growth. By combining data from various sources, including books, scholarly articles, and academic journals, the author presents key principles of church management theory, such as shared leadership, humility, and resource management effectiveness. Furthermore, this paper discusses factors influencing congregational growth, including the significant role of prayer, discipleship, fellowship, and testimony in shaping enthusiastic and committed communities. By applying appropriate strategies supported by strong leadership, churches can achieve meaningful and spiritually significant growth, strengthening the foundation of faith and expanding their influence in society. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive view of the importance of integrating management theory within the church context and offers practical guidance for churches to reinforce growth and spiritual development efforts.
Pengaruh Makroekonomi, Covid-19 dan Kepemilikan SBN oleh BPJS Ketenagakerjaan terhadap Yield SBN
Authors: Elly Zunara
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel makroekonomi seperti yield US Treasury, suku bunga BI, nilai tukar, dan Covid-19 serta kepemilikan surat berharga negara (SBN) oleh BPJS Ketenagakerjaan terhadap pergerakan yield obligasi pemerintah tenor 10 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kuantitatif dengan metode VAR/VECM. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan variabel makroekonomi dan Covid-19 serta kepemilikan SBN oleh BPJS Ketenagakerjaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan Yield SBN. Selain itu,dari semua variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, Yield SBN, BI Rate dan Kepemilikan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan memiliki urutan kontribusi terbesar dalam mempengaruhi Yield SBN. Pada akhirnya dari hasil penelitian ini memiliki implikasi manajerial terhadap pemerintah untuk mengantisipasi gejolak makroekonomi agar mengambil kebijakan yang tepat yang berkaitan dengan pasar obligasi Indonesia. Bagi BPJS Ketenagakerjaan sebagai salah satu investor SBN terbesar di Indonesia, hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan referensi untuk menyusun strategi investasi dan memitigasi risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap portofolio obligasi BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, sehingga mendapatkan return optimal untuk peserta BPJS Ketenagakerjaan yang lebih sejahtera.
MEMBIMBING GENERASI Z DAN ALPHA
Authors: Yurisman Lafau  , Anwar Three Millenium Waruwu  , Ruth Judica Siahaan
Published: April 2024

Generasi Z dan Alpha, yang lahir di era digital, menghadapi tantangan unik dalam lingkungan teknologi yang terus berkembang. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang konsep, model, dan strategi kepemimpinan Kristen yang relevan dalam konteks generasi digital ini. Dengan fokus pada Generasi Z dan Alpha, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dampak penerapan kepemimpinan Kristen dalam mengatasi dinamika era digital. Melalui pendekatan studi pustaka, artikel ini mengidentifikasi tahapan penting dalam penelitian kualitatif, termasuk identifikasi topik penelitian, pencarian dan seleksi literatur yang relevan, analisis, sintesis, dan interpretasi hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep kepemimpinan Kristen yang berfokus pada pelayanan spiritual dan kesaksian Injil sangat relevan dalam menghadapi tantangan generasi digital ini. Strategi kepemimpinan yang inovatif dan adaptif, seperti penggunaan platform digital untuk membangun komunitas online dan memperkuat hubungan autentik, ditemukan efektif dalam menjangkau Generasi Z dan Alpha. Penerapan model kepemimpinan Kristen juga memberikan dampak positif jangka pendek dan panjang, seperti pembinaan spiritual, penguatan komunitas gereja, dan pemberdayaan pemimpin muda. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dan praktis yang signifikan dalam mengembangkan strategi kepemimpinan Kristen yang efektif dan relevan di era digital, sambil tetap memegang teguh nilai-nilai dan ajaran Kristus.
 
Kata kunci: Generasi Z, Generasi Alpha, Kepemimpinan Kristen, Era Digital, Inovatif dan Adaptif.
Examining the Uniformity Model of Received Premium Rates on Innovation in the Financial Management Policies of the Social Security Organization
Authors: Mohammadlu Ahmadreza , Asgari Farid , Nazari Abdollah , Khalili Farzaneh
Published: April 2024

Objective: The aim of the present research is to examine the impact of uniform premium rate models on innovation in policies, reserves, and financial behaviors of the Social Security Organization. Methodology: The research methodology adopted was mixed qualitative-quantitative. In the qualitative section, the sample consisted of experts familiar with the subject, and through snowball sampling, 20 individuals were determined as the sample size. The population of the current study consists of managers and employees of the General Administration of Tehran Province's districts. The sample size was determined to be 267 individuals, based on Cochran's table and random sampling method. The data collection method in the qualitative part was library and field research, and in the quantitative part, it was field research, which was conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was verified through expert opinions, and Cronbach's alpha method was utilized to assess reliability. For data analysis, grounded theory method was used in the qualitative section, and structural equation modeling and PLS4 software were used in the quantitative section. Findings: The findings indicated that 37 sub-components were identified for the model, which includes 7 causal factors, 8 contextual factors, 7 intervening factors, 11 strategies, and 4 outcomes. Furthermore, the model fitting results indicate the appropriateness of the proposed model. Conclusion: This study successfully identified key components and their impacts on the Social Security Organization's financial management policies through a comprehensive mixed-method approach. Notably, strategies significantly influence outcomes, underlining the importance of effective strategic planning and intervention in enhancing organizational performance and achieving desired financial stability and innovation.
Economic Linkage and the Contagion Effect of Earnings Quality on Market Risk
Authors: Hashemi Tonekaboni Javad , Khosravipour Negar , Farsad Amanollahi Gholamreza
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study investigates the economic linkage and contagion effect of earnings quality on market risk at the Tehran Stock Exchange over the years 2010 to 2019, focusing on a screened statistical population consisting of 650 (year-company) data points. Given the concept of information transfer and previous studies related to earnings quality, it is hypothesized that higher earnings quality among industry peers (comprising a subset of closely related companies based on industry classification at the stock exchange) reduces a company's systematic risk. Methodology: This research employs three different metrics for measuring earnings quality and uses multivariate regression for hypothesis testing and model estimation. Findings: The results indicate that the estimated coefficients for earnings quality of the company (-0.011825) and related companies (-0.025110) are inversely related. Conclusion: The results suggest that higher earnings quality among economically linked companies leads to a reduction in a company's systematic risk.
A Mathematical Model for the Relief Logistics in Humanitarian Supply Chain
Authors: Shahraki Moghaddam Shabab , Sadeh Ehsan , Amini Sabegh Zeinolabedin
Published: April 2024

Objective: The coordination of relief supply chain actions following a crisis is undeniable and necessitates proper management and appropriate resource allocation to affected areas, especially due to the increasing occurrence of natural disasters such as floods, storms, and destructive earthquakes. The aim of this study is to design an integrated humanitarian supply chain system, considering the relationships among various components of the rescue and relief supply chain. Methodology: This research innovates over previous studies by proposing a five-level model comprising suppliers, warehouses, distributors, affected areas, and shelters within the supply chain; it also includes the location of relief warehouses and support facilities with an integrated dynamic model. Two categories of decisions are considered: the first involves selecting locations for regional warehouses from candidate sites and the quantity of pre-stocked inventory in them, and the second involves designing the distribution network and relief items, determining the flow of goods within it. Findings: The first objective of this issue is to minimize the construction costs of regional warehouses in Tehran under various scenarios, and the second objective is to minimize the costs of supply, maintenance of goods in regional warehouses; minimize the costs of sending and maintaining goods in the central warehouse; minimize the costs related to sending goods to demand points, and minimize the costs related to leftover goods in each region at the end of each period. Conclusion: The results show that the designed model optimizes the logistics costs of relief and rescue.
Prediction of Wisdom Based on Executive Function, Attachment Style, and Personality Traits
Authors: Alnuaimi Alaa Sabah Mohammed , Yousefi Zahra , Aayedi Ali Enad Zamil , Golparvar Mohsen
Published: April 2024

Objective: The current research aimed to predict wisdom based on executive function, attachment style, and personality traits. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The study population consisted of all students at Wasit University in Iraq. The sample comprised 350 students selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research tools included the Ardelt Wisdom Scale (2003), Executive Function (Yousefi & Golkar, 2020), Personality (Costa et al., 1998), and Parental Attachment Style (Armsden & Greenberg, 2000). The collected data were analyzed using stepwise regression. Findings: The results of the analysis indicated that all dimensions of executive function were positively and significantly related to wisdom. All personality traits, except for extraversion, showed a positive and significant relationship with wisdom (p = .0051). All dimensions of attachment were significantly related to wisdom, with secure attachment to parents being positively significant (p = .000) and insecure attachment to parents being negatively significant (p = .000). Neuroticism, insecure attachment with parents, and increased hours spent in the virtual environment were negatively and significantly related to wisdom, while the remaining variables had a positive and significant relationship. Stepwise regression results showed that among the variables studied, initiation, organization, monitoring, secure attachment to mother, secure attachment to father, inhibition, emotional control, and insecure attachment to father had predictive power for wisdom. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that changes in these variables are associated with changes in wisdom among students.
Comparing the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Brief Intervention, and Combined Intervention on Reducing Social Alienation in COVID-19 Recovery Patients in Andimeshk
Authors: Rahmati Abbas , Ahmadi Reza , Mashhadizadeh Shahram , Ghazanfari Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, brief intervention, and combined intervention on social alienation among COVID-19 recovery patients in Andimeshk. Research Methods and Materials: The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 80 COVID-19 recovery patients covered by comprehensive health centers in Andimeshk, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group containing 20 individuals). The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions in eight 90-minute sessions held weekly, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Melvin Seeman Social Alienation questionnaire, and hypotheses were tested using analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed a significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief intervention on social alienation among COVID-19 recovery patients in Andimeshk; however, no significant difference was found between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the combined intervention on social alienation among these patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing social alienation, and there is no difference in effectiveness between cognitive-behavioral therapy and the combined intervention (cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief intervention).
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Therapy and Reality Therapy on Social Information Processing and Emotion Regulation in Students with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Authors: Saniei Abadeh Sayehnaz , Sajjadian Ilnaz , Bahramipour Esfahani Mansoureh
Published: April 2024

Objective: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), classified under depressive disorders, leads to functional impairments across various domains and a reduction in mental health during adulthood. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy on social information processing and emotion regulation among students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Methods and Materials: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments, including a control group. The sample consisted of all 8 to 11-year-old boys diagnosed with DMDD in Isfahan, along with their mothers, who visited the Superior Counseling Center and the Child and Adolescent Home affiliated with the Isfahan Municipal Cultural, Social, and Sports Organization in Spring 2022. Forty-five participants were selected through purposive sampling and then randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen (two experimental and one control group). Research Tools: The research instruments included the Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Diagnostic Scale – Parent Form (DMDDS) (Shahmohammadi et al., 2021), Social Stories (Turkospa & Bryan, 1994), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, 2007). The experimental groups received separate interventions (unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy), each consisting of ten 60-minute sessions for the students and thirty-minute sessions for the parents, while the control group received no intervention. Data Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: The results indicated that both unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy significantly improved social information processing and both positive and negative emotion regulation in students with DMDD at post-test (p < .01), and these effects were maintained at follow-up (p < .001). No significant difference was found between the two therapeutic methods in this regard. Only the goal clarification aspect of unified transdiagnostic therapy was effective at post-test, showing greater efficacy than reality therapy, though the effectiveness of both therapies was not significant at follow-up. Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of unified transdiagnostic therapy and reality therapy on social information processing and emotion regulation in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, both therapies can be utilized in clinics and specialized counseling centers to improve outcomes for students with this disorder.
Development of a Structural Model of Quality of Life for Cardiac Patients Based on Health Locus of Control and Illness Perception with the Mediating Role of Alexithymia
Authors: Soltani Shiva , Hassani Fariba , Golshani Fatemeh , Koochak entezar Roya
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop a structural model of the quality of life for cardiac patients based on health locus of control and illness perception with the mediating role of alexithymia in the cardiac patient population visiting hospitals in Tehran. Methods and Materials: The research method was correlational. A total of 281 patients were selected through purposive sampling and responded to the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that the structural model of quality of life for cardiac patients based on health locus of control and illness perception, mediated by alexithymia, was a good fit. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between health locus of control and illness perception with quality of life (p < 0.05), a significant negative relationship between alexithymia and quality of life (p < 0.05), and a significant negative relationship between health locus of control and illness perception with quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Attention to health locus of control and providing training to strengthen internal locus of control, designing psychological interventions based on illness perception, and training in emotional expression and management for psychosomatic patients like those with cardiac conditions are recommended.
The Effectiveness of Positive-Focused Mindfulness Therapy on Mental Well-being, Quality of Life, and Stress Coping Strategies in Women with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Karbasi Fatemeh , Shahnifeiz Kosar , ali Rezaie Vafa , Ostovarzadeh Maryam
Published: April 2024

Objective: The primary aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of positive-focused mindfulness therapy on mental well-being, quality of life, and stress coping strategies in women with bipolar disorder in Tehran. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The study population included all women with bipolar disorder who visited Razi Hospital. Initially, individuals who had a record at these centers or were referred by specialists were contacted for registration, and 30 participants who met the study criteria were selected. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, and the study was conducted on them. The positive-focused mindfulness therapy consisted of 12 sessions of 90 minutes each, based on the mindfulness training protocol. Meanwhile, the control group received no training. The instruments used in this study included the 26-item Quality of Life Questionnaire (1996), the 45-item Mental Well-being Questionnaire by Keyes and Magyar-Moe (2003), and the 18-item Life Stress Questionnaire (1993). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results showed significant differences in the scores of quality of life, mental well-being, and stress between pre-tests and post-tests of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicate that positive-focused mindfulness therapy improves the quality of life, mental well-being, and stress in women with bipolar disorder. Therefore, alongside other therapeutic methods, positive-focused mindfulness therapy can be effective in improving psychological symptoms in women with bipolar disorder.
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics Risk Assessment among Sewing Machine Operators and Tailors
Authors: Arif Abida , Hamid Muhammad Faizan , Kashif Muhammad , Farooqi Azka , Hassan Muhammad , Ghaffar Noman
Published: April 2024

Background: Sewing machine operators and tailors in Faisalabad, Pakistan, frequently endure prolonged periods of sitting or standing, performing repetitive tasks that contribute to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study aims to fill the research gap in work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and workstation evaluations within this group.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of MSDs and evaluate the ergonomic conditions of workstations among tailors and sewing machine operators in the local and textile sectors of Faisalabad.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design utilized non-probability sampling to include 810 participants from both local tailor shops and textile factories. Data collection involved a self-structured questionnaire focusing on demographic and job-related factors, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) to evaluate ergonomic risks.
Results: High levels of discomfort were reported in the upper limbs, particularly the right and left forearms (3.40±0.97), and in the lower limbs, particularly the right knee (3.90±0.47). The mean RULA scores were 4.8±0.51 for textile workers and 4.9±0.53 for local tailors, indicating poor workstation setups. Additionally, CMDQ results showed significant associations between musculoskeletal discomfort and variables such as age, residence, marital status, lifestyle, and smoking habits.
Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among textile workers and tailors, particularly affecting the left foot and left knee of local tailors. The RULA scores highlight a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders, necessitating further investigations and modifications in the working environment.
Knowledge and Practices of Nurses Regarding Aseptic Techniques for Infection Prevention in Operating Room at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Sara , Saddique Humaira , Jabeen Rubina
Published: April 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant concern in operating rooms, largely influenced by the adherence to aseptic techniques by healthcare professionals. Despite the critical role of operating room nurses in preventing these infections, gaps in knowledge and practice persist, affecting the overall quality of patient care in tertiary healthcare settings.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of operating room nurses regarding aseptic techniques for infection prevention in tertiary care hospitals.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, involving 130 operating room nurses with over a year of service. The study employed purposive sampling to administer a validated questionnaire assessing demographic data, knowledge, and practices related to aseptic techniques. Data were collected from January to March 2023 and analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the relationship between demographic factors and knowledge/practices of aseptic techniques.
Results: The study found that 60% of nurses were aware that a gown is considered sterile in specified areas, and 54.6% understood the contamination risks of dropped sterile packages. Approximately 62.3% recognized the importance of maintaining a safe distance during procedures. Despite these knowledge indicators, 94% of nurses routinely practiced sterile techniques, and 91% adhered to proper handwashing protocols. However, the overall level of knowledge concerning aseptic techniques was low, with significant gaps that could potentially impact patient safety.
Conclusion: The study highlights a discrepancy between the knowledge and practices of operating room nurses regarding aseptic techniques, indicating a critical need for enhanced training and continuous education to bridge these gaps and improve infection control measures in surgical settings.
Frequency of Readmission Among American Society of Anesthesia Classification after Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zahoor Hafeez ur Rehman , Iqbal Saad , Sharif Muhammad Abdullah , Hunain Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad , Shahid Hammar
Published: April 2024

Background: With the aging population and the increasing prevalence of degenerative joint diseases, the need for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has surged. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System plays a pivotal role in preoperative evaluation, predicting the risk of postoperative complications and mortality. Understanding the impact of ASA classification on surgical outcomes can guide improvements in patient care and surgical planning.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ASA classification and the risk of postoperative readmission in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.
Methods: Conducted at a single urban medical center, this descriptive, non-randomized study involved 352 patients who underwent primary TJA due to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or avascular necrosis. Participants were assigned an ASA classification preoperatively. The primary outcome measured was readmission within three months post-surgery, with secondary outcomes including the incidence of complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and surgical site infections. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Of the 352 participants, 165 (46.9%) were from rural areas, and 187 (53.1%) were from urban locations. The readmission rate was 6.8%, with ASA III and IV classifications showing significantly higher readmission rates (9.7% and 28.6%, respectively) compared to ASA I and II (1.8% and 4.4%). The most common reasons for readmission were chest infections (37.5%), followed by cardiac complications, pulmonary embolism, and neurological complications (20.8% each). The study found a significant correlation between higher ASA classification and increased readmission risk (p=0.021).
Conclusion: Higher ASA classifications are associated with a greater risk of postoperative readmission in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive preoperative assessments and tailored postoperative care strategies to mitigate the risk of readmission, particularly in patients with higher ASA scores.
Assessment the Job Satisfaction and Intention to Quit the Job among Staff Nurses
Authors: Amjad Noor-Ul-Mateen , Saddique Humaira , Jabeen Rubina
Published: April 2024

Background: The nursing profession is essential to the healthcare system, primarily focused on patient care and health restoration. Recent studies have highlighted a global shortage of nurses and the consequential impact on healthcare delivery. Job satisfaction and retention are crucial in addressing these shortages, yet little is known about the current state of these factors among nurses in teaching hospitals.
Objective: This study aimed to assess job satisfaction and the intention to quit among nurses in a teaching hospital to identify key factors that could help improve retention rates and job satisfaction.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted over a six-month period at a teaching hospital. The study involved 138 nurses, including registered nurses, diploma nurses, and graduate nurses. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, focusing on demographic variables, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. The sample size was calculated using Sullivan's formula, and the analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were employed, and the normality of data distribution was verified.
Results: The study found varying degrees of job satisfaction among nurses. Only 30.4% of participants were satisfied with their compensation, and 52.1% doubted their career choice. About 50% were actively looking for better job opportunities. A significant 60.1% reported that working hours negatively impacted their social life, and 70.3% experienced a lack of support from management. Additionally, only 51.0% of nurses found communication from management to be clear.
Conclusion: The low level of job satisfaction and high intention to quit among nurses at the teaching hospital indicate urgent needs for improvement in compensation, management support, and work-life balance. Strategies to enhance communication and support from management could potentially increase job satisfaction and reduce turnover intentions.
Comparison of Modified Pleural Flap Technique vs. Standard Anastomosis for Congenital Tracheo- Esophageal Fistula Repair: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Din Ghulam Mohy Ud , Bajwa Sulman , Moeezah  , Shoukat Muhammad Zubair , Saleem Muhammad , Hashim Imran
Published: April 2024

Background: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with or without esophageal atresia (EA) is a challenging congenital condition necessitating surgical intervention. The advent of various surgical techniques has sought to improve outcomes and reduce postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage and stricture formation, which significantly impact neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of the modified pleural flap technique against the conventional anastomosis technique in the surgical repair of TEF.
Methods: Conducted at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health in Lahore, this study involved 44 full-term neonates, diagnosed with TEF, and weighing over 2 kg. Subjects were randomized into two groups: one receiving the conventional anastomosis (Group A) and the other undergoing the modified pleural flap technique (Group B). Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes were meticulously recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, focusing on the incidence of anastomotic leakage, stricture formation, length of hospital stay, and mortality within 30 days post-surgery.
Results: Group B patients experienced significantly lower rates of anastomotic leakage by the 5th postoperative day (9.1%) and 14th postoperative day (13.6%) compared to Group A (36.4% and 40.9%, respectively) with p-values of 0.031 and 0.042. Postoperative stricture formation was also less in Group B (9.1%) compared to Group A (36.4%), with a p-value of 0.031. The mean hospital stay was longer for Group B (27.45 days) compared to Group A (22.09 days), and the mortality rate was lower in Group B, although not statistically significant (p-value = 0.148).
Conclusion: The modified pleural flap technique in TEF repair demonstrates a significant reduction in early postoperative complications, offering a promising improvement over the conventional approach. Despite a longer hospital stay, the enhanced outcomes highlight its potential for becoming the preferred surgical intervention for TEF.
Relationship of Attentional Control and Intolerance of Uncertainty with Hoarding Behaviour among University Boarding Students
Authors: Raza Ali , Hassan Syed Qamar Ul , Raza Aqeel , Tayyaba Mubashra , Raza Saqib
Published: April 2024

Background: Hoarding disorder is increasingly recognized as a significant mental health condition characterized by an excessive acquisition and difficulty in discarding possessions. While previous research has identified genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors contributing to hoarding behaviors, studies in the Pakistani context, particularly among university students, are scarce. This study investigates the role of attentional control and intolerance of uncertainty in relation to hoarding behaviors among university boarding students in Pakistan.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationships between hoarding behaviors, attentional control, and intolerance of uncertainty, and to explore the demographic influences on these variables, with a focus on gender differences.
Methods: Utilizing a correlational and cross-sectional design, this study recruited a balanced sample of 200 university boarding students (100 males and 100 females) via simple random sampling. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), Attention Control Scale (ATC), and Saving Inventory Scale (SI-R) were employed to measure the respective constructs. Data were collected through paper-based questionnaires, with analysis conducted using SPSS version 25. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests for gender comparison.
Results: The results indicated a moderate positive correlation between hoarding behaviors and intolerance of uncertainty (r = .33, p < .01), and a negative correlation between attentional control and intolerance of uncertainty (r = -.19, p < .01). Gender differences were significant, with males exhibiting higher mean scores in hoarding behaviors (M = 45.13, SD = 10.67) compared to females (M = 39.12, SD = 10.38), and similar patterns were observed for other studied variables. Education and socioeconomic status showed no significant effects on the relationships studied.
Conclusion: The study underscores the significant impact of intolerance of uncertainty and attentional control on hoarding behaviors among university students in Pakistan, with distinct gender differences suggesting the need for targeted interventions. This research contributes to the understanding of hoarding in a novel cultural context and supports the development of specific therapeutic strategies focusing on cognitive and emotional regulation.
Perceived Social Stigma, Family Support and Mental Health Issues in Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Shehzad Moazzam , Khan Muhammad Luqman , Khan Sikander Ali
Published: April 2024

Background: In Pakistan, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is compounded by significant socio-economic challenges and a pervasive stigma that undermines effective treatment and prevention strategies. The psychological impacts of HIV/AIDS, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, further complicate disease management, affecting patients' willingness to adhere to treatment and disclose their status.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health issues among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Pakistan and explore the relationships between perceived social stigma, family support, and mental health outcomes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients from Nankana Sahib and Faisalabad districts. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through validated Urdu versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), a discrimination scale, and a family support scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and linear regression models.
Results: The results indicated that the mean scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly high at 66.6980 ± 17.56598. A strong positive correlation was observed between perceived discrimination (DISC) and DASS scores (r = 0.890, p < 0.01), while perceived family support (PFS) was negatively correlated with DISC scores (r = -0.166, p = 0.043). Regression analysis showed that increased family support significantly mitigated mental health issues, reducing the mean stress, anxiety, and depression scores among participants.
Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of family support in reducing mental health issues among HIV/AIDS patients in Pakistan. Enhancing family involvement and reducing social stigma could improve treatment adherence and overall health outcomes.
Nurses Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Infection Control Practices
Authors: Lal Fazeelat , Namat Gulnaz , Yousaf Tahira
Published: April 2024

Background: Infection control practices are crucial in minimizing the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in hospital settings. Adequate knowledge and positive attitudes among nurses towards these practices are essential for effective implementation and patient safety.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding infection control practices at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 registered nurses from various departments including ICU, ER, and pediatric wards. Participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire assessing knowledge and attitudes toward infection control practices. Descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, and reliability analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha) were performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The study revealed that 47.3% (71/150) of nurses had excellent knowledge, 22.0% (33/150) had good knowledge, and 30.7% (46/150) had poor knowledge about infection control. Regarding attitudes, 94.7% (142/150) of nurses exhibited a positive attitude towards infection control measures. The majority of participants were young, with 97.3% (146/150) between the ages of 21-30. Experience levels varied, with 81.3% (122/150) having between 1 to 3 years of experience.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that while there is a good level of knowledge and a very positive attitude towards infection control among nurses, continuous education and training are needed to address gaps in knowledge and ensure high standards of practice are maintained.
Computed Tomography Findings in the Evaluation of Urolithiasis
Authors: Munawar Ayesha , Khan Muneeba , Hasnain Muhammad Ali Zul , Hussain Rabia Nazar , Younas Somia , Bahar Kashifa , Ullah Muhammad Moamil Zanain
Published: April 2024

Background: Urolithiasis, or the formation of urinary tract stones, is a prevalent condition that affects individuals worldwide, predominantly impacting middle-aged and elderly demographics. Computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a superior diagnostic tool for urolithiasis due to its high sensitivity and specificity, offering detailed insights into the size, location, density, and composition of stones.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of unenhanced computed tomography in the diagnosis and characterization of urinary tract stones, focusing on their size, location, and associated clinical symptoms.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diagnostic Center of CMH Hospital Lahore over four months, involving 70 patients with suspected or confirmed urolithiasis. Participants were selected using non-probability convenient sampling and underwent 128-slice MDCT imaging without contrast. Data collection included demographic information, clinical symptoms, and CT findings regarding stone characteristics. The ethical standards adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, with all participants providing informed consent.
Results: The study comprised 74.3% male and 25.7% female participants, with the highest prevalence of urolithiasis observed in the 30-40 year age group (32.9%). CT imaging detected stones in 95.7% of the participants, with a significant incidence of smaller stones (1-5 mm) at 31.4%. Hydronephrosis was noted in 85.7% of cases, and hydroureter in 54.3%. The most common stone density ranged from 500-1000 HU (41.4%), and stones were more frequently located on the right side (32.9%).
Conclusion: Unenhanced CT proved to be a highly effective diagnostic tool for assessing urinary tract stones, providing essential data on stone size, density, and location, as well as associated clinical symptoms. This modality enhances the ability to tailor treatment strategies effectively, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Diagnostic Significance of Hematological Parameters and C- Reactive Protein in Dengue Viral Infection: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Qamar Khushboo , Akhter Salman , Rahat Amina , Haq Khawaja Ejaz Ul , Qasim Muhammad Bilal , Khan Abdus Salam , Musa Bilal , Naz Saira
Published: April 2024

Background: Dengue fever continues to pose significant challenges in public health, particularly within developing countries where it remains endemic. The ability to distinguish dengue infection from other febrile illnesses and assess its severity is crucial. The analysis of hematological parameters and inflammatory biomarkers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP), offers valuable insights into the disease's progression.
Objective: This study aimed to delineate the severity of dengue fever through detailed evaluation of complete blood count (CBC) and CRP levels, and to establish a correlation between these markers and the clinical severity of the infection.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 135 suspected dengue fever patients from the City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar were screened using the immune-chromatographic technique (ICT). Among them, 50 individuals (37%) tested positive for dengue. Both CBC and CRP levels were measured, with data analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 22.0. The study spanned demographic data collection, gender and age distribution assessment, and detailed analysis of hematological parameters alongside CRP to predict disease severity.
Results: Among the confirmed cases, the gender ratio skewed towards males (60%) compared to females (40%), with the most affected age group being 15-25 years (34%). Leukopenia was identified in 58% of patients with a mean WBC count of 2.62 × 10^9/L, neutrophilia in 66% with a mean neutrophil percentage of 80.15%, and lymphopenia in 56% with a mean lymphocyte percentage of 10.28%. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 76% of the cases. Elevated CRP levels were found in 88% of patients, with a mean CRP value of 23.10, indicating a strong predictive correlation with disease severity (p-value= 0.001).
Conclusion: The study reaffirms the role of CBC and CRP levels in the clinical assessment of dengue fever, with both markers being indicative of infection severity. These findings can aid in the early detection and management of dengue fever, potentially guiding decisions regarding the necessity of hospitalization.
A Comparative Analysis of Healthcare Facilities: With and Without 24/7 Interventions.
Authors: Jamali Zahida Parveen
Published: April 2024

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality remains disproportionately high in low and middle-income countries, particularly in remote areas with limited healthcare accessibility. The Tharparkar district of Sindh, Pakistan, exemplifies such challenges, with basic utilities and healthcare services notably lacking.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of 24/7 availability of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) services on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in government healthcare facilities in the Tharparkar district.
Methods: This action research followed a cross-sectional study design. Data collection commenced after receiving ethical approval and written consent from the Government District Health Officer of Tharparkar. Longitudinal data were collected using District Health Information tools from six healthcare facilities, three of which operated 24/7 and the remaining three for six hours daily. Data included indicators such as general outpatient department (OPD) visits, non-vaginal deliveries (NVD), antenatal, postnatal care, family planning, immunization, neonatal deaths, stillbirths, and live births. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, and results were visualized using Tableau 2024.
Results: Facilities operating 24/7 reported a significant increase in healthcare utilization: general OPD attendance increased by 118.5% at THQ Kheeme Jo Par, 168.2% at GD Jese Jo Par, and 150.5% at GD Mehrna Vero. There were also notable improvements in NVD, antenatal, postnatal care, and family planning services. Immunization rates improved, stillbirths decreased, and there were zero neonatal deaths reported in these facilities following the intervention.
Conclusion: The implementation of 24/7 MNCH services in Tharparkar significantly enhanced healthcare service delivery and improved maternal and child health outcomes. Continuous healthcare availability is crucial for improving health indicators and achieving global health targets in underserved populations.