bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light‐fueled self‐oscillation of liquid crystal polymer network: Effect of photostabilizers
Authors: Alipanah Zhila , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Ranjkesh Amid
Published: November 2023

The quest for harnessing light‐induced oscillatory motion, inspired by natural oscillations, has become a focus of scientific attention. Researchers are exploring the use of liquid crystal network (LCN) polymers and their integration with compatible materials as soft actuators. Of particular interest is the utilization of photostabilizers, which play a pivotal role in preserving the polymer against photodegradation. For this, three distinct derivatives of Tinuvin were chosen to explore their influence on the light‐fueled oscillatory motion of LCN polymers when exposed to polarized light to examine the impact of molecular orientation on the resultant motion. The research includes a comprehensive analysis of morphology, FT‐IR spectra, and elastic modulus assessments. The findings indicate that the Tinuvin derivatives along with light polarization have an impact on the resulting oscillatory characteristics. The findings include oscillation frequencies spanning from 8.95 to 14.96 Hz and oscillation amplitudes ranging from 0.47 to 1.73 mm. The dipole moment of Tinuvin types influences the oscillation frequency by altering the elastic modulus of the LCN, while its impact on surface roughness and structural configuration affects the resulting oscillation amplitude. Notably, the highest oscillation frequency is observed when all oriented molecules within the LCN respond to 45° polarized light. Investigating the impact of utilized photostabilizers on the polymer structural configuration was although possible through the examination of related FT‐IR specra.
Casimir‐Lifshitz Optical Resonators: A New Platform for Exploring Physics at the Nanoscale
Authors: Esteso Victoria , Frustaglia Diego , Carretero‐Palacios Sol , Míguez Hernán
Published: November 2023

The Casimir‐Lifshitz force, FC − L, has become a subject of great interest to both theoretical and applied physics communities due to its fundamental properties and potential technological implications in emerging nano‐scale devices. Recent cutting‐edge experiments have demonstrated the potential of quantum trapping at the nano‐scale assisted by FC − L in metallic planar plates immersed in fluids through appropriate stratification of the inner dielectric media, opening up new avenues for exploring physics at the nano‐scale. This review article provides an overview of the latest results in Casimir‐Lifshitz based‐optical resonator schemes and their potential applications in fields such as microfluidic devices, bio‐nano and micro electromechanical systems (NEMS and MEMS), strong coupling, polaritonic chemistry, photo‐chemistry, sensing, and metrology. The use of these optical resonators provides a versatile platform for fundamental studies and technological applications at the nano‐scale, with the potential to revolutionize various fields and create new opportunities for research.
Collaborative multimethod geophysics at the Prewitt Slave Cemetery, Northport, Alabama
Authors: Sea Claiborne D. , Kemp Patricia , Cajigas Rachel , Blair Elliot H.
Published: November 2023

This paper serves to highlight the partnership built between the Prewitt Slave Cemetery Association (PSCA) and the University of Alabama (UA) through the work conducted by the UA archaeological field school at the Prewitt Slave Cemetery (PSC) in Fall 2022. During this collaborative project, the field school students geolocated, recorded and photographed more than 700 above‐ground grave markers and conducted a multi‐method geophysical survey that included magnetic gradiometry, electrical resistance, electromagnetic induction and ground‐penetrating radar. Results from this survey aided researchers in identifying the locations of over 800 marked and unmarked graves. The benefits of the partnership between PSCA and UA were mutual and multiple. First, the data recorded by the UA field school helped the PSCA achieve its immediate goal of identifying unmarked graves, allowing the organization to move forward with efforts to preserve and protect the PSC. Second, the UA field school students gained valuable experience related to proper cemetery study techniques, including geophysical survey, and learned to conduct community‐based participatory research in collaboration with descendant communities. Additionally, this project allowed for further research related to the use of multiple methods of geophysical instrumentation for identifying unmarked graves beyond ground‐penetrating radar.
Flower‐like Hierarchical Ti3C2Tx@MoS2/Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Composite as High‐performance Anodes for Sodium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Guangsheng , Li Lixin , Cui Penghui , Mohamed A. M. A. , Zhu Kai , Cao Dianxue
Published: November 2023

The lack of high‐performance electrodes is a key factor restricting the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and usually a certain type of electrode material alone often fails to combine the merits of high capacity and good conductivity. Herein, nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) was used as a multifunctional bridge to uniformly compound high‐capacity MoS2 nanoparticles with highly conductive Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to form Ti3C2Tx@MoS2/NC composite with flower‐like architecture. Ultrafine MoS2 nanoparticles were uniformly anchored on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets to form nanosheets primary building blocks with a sandwich‐like architecture, which not only shortens the ion transfer distance but also enlarges the layer spacing of Ti3C2Tx favoring the storage of more sodium ions as well as their transport capacity. Moreover, the flower‐like structures with abundant edges can provide an ample active sites and high pseudocapacitance behavior. As a result, flower‐like Ti3C2Tx@MoS2/NC displays a high electrochemical properties with an excellent cycling stability over 2000 cycles (81.4 % capacity retention) and preeminent rate capacity of 383 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1. Furthermore, Ti3C2Tx@MoS2/NC‖Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell displays a capacity of 59 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 after 180 cycles. This work displays a high‐performance anode composite for SIBs and provides insight into the preparation of other composites.
A new strategy for screening novel functional genes involved in reduction of lipid droplet accumulation
Authors: Maruyama Ryuto , Kudo Yasuhiro , Sugiyama Tomoyasu
Published: November 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that store excess lipids and provide fatty acids for energy production during starvation. LDs are also essential for cellular maintenance, but excessive accumulation of LDs triggers various cancers in addition to metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a strategy to identify new genes that reduces accumulation of LDs in cancer cells using an RNA interference (RNAi) screening system employing artificial sequence‐enriched shRNA libraries. Monitoring LDs by fluorescent activated cell sorting, the subsequently collected cumulative LDs cells, and shRNA sequence analysis identified a clone that potentially functioned to accumulate LDs. The clone showed no identical sequence to human Refseq. It showed very similar sequence to seven genes by allowing three mismatches. Among these genes, we identified the mediator complex subunit 6 (MED6) gene as a target of this shRNA. Silencing of MED6 led to an increase in LD accumulation and expression of the marker genes, PLIN2 and DGAT1, in fatty cells. MED6 is a member of the mediator complex that regulates RNA polymerase II transcription through transcription factor II. Some mediator complexes play important roles in both normal and pathophysiological transcription processes. These results suggest that MED6 transcriptionally regulates the genes involved in lipid metabolism and suppresses LD accumulation.
Understanding and achieving sustainable consumption: Integrating international political economy and psychology perspectives
Authors: Liu Shuya
Published: November 2023

The concept of sustainable consumption has gained significant attention in international policy discussions. In order to achieve sustainable consumption, it is essential to thoroughly comprehend the underlying causes of current unsustainable consumption patterns and the associated challenges in transitioning to more sustainable practices. This research, employing perspectives from international political economy and psychology, elucidates that unsustainable consumption is rooted in a combination of systemic and individual factors. Systemic factors encompass unequal exchange relations, lack of efficient telecoupling framework, political and ecological trade‐off dilemma. Individual factors include unsatisfied needs, insufficient environmental concern, and low self‐efficacy. Drawing upon these findings, this study presents a comprehensive set of macro and micro‐level policy recommendations for achieving sustainable consumption and a more equitable and sustainable future.
Can borrowing constraints enhance environmental sustainability? An alternative parametric approach
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Ghosh Debarati , Dutta Meghna
Published: November 2023

The paper explores how restrictions of credit affect the turning point of the non‐linear relationship between financial performance and the environmental sustainability of manufacturing firms in India. Our results are in support of the inverted U‐shaped relationship between financial performance and environmental sustainability. The study builds upon an alternative long‐run specification, which avoids the non‐linear transformations of potentially non‐stationary regressors in panel estimation and finds evidence that the higher the firm's degree of credit constraints, the lower is its financial performance at the turning point, indicating the different finance‐sustainability paths across firms due to credit frictions. We also investigate the aforementioned relationship by considering the exporting potential of the firms.
Responsible innovation and corporate sustainability performance: A structural equation modeling‐neural network approach
Authors: Memon Khalid Rasheed , Ooi Say Keat , Han Heesup
Published: November 2023

Technological innovations may bring unintended consequences despite their potential usefulness. Responsible innovation (RI) has gained increasing popularity in high‐tech nations as a means to mitigate potentially disruptive technological developments. Unfortunately, existing RI research has not sufficiently elucidated the sustainability performance of firms, leading to ambiguous theoretical underpinnings, relationships, and practical applicability. This study aims to address these concerns and provide directions for future research on RI. Based on the resource‐based view, the research introduces RI as a distinctive competency of a firm to investigate the mechanisms driving sustainability performance, measured in three areas: financial, social, and environmental. The study presents the antecedents of RI as a driving force that can enable businesses to gain a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) and improve sustainability performance. Data were collected from 190 innovative manufacturing firms in Malaysia. First, structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to investigate the antecedents that significantly influence RI. In the second phase, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was employed to rank the significant predictors identified through SEM. Furthermore, the RI dimensions that lead to SCA and sustainability performance were also ranked using ANN, offering practical strategic business directions for managers.
Neuroethics and neurolaw in forensic neuropsychiatry: A guide for clinicians
Authors: Aggarwal Neil Krishan , Jain Abhishek
Published: November 2023

As neuroscience technologies develop, ethical and legal questions arise regarding their use and societal impact. Neuroethics and neurolaw are growing interdisciplinary fields that address these questions. This review article presents the research agenda of both areas, examines the use and admissibility of neuroscience in expert testimony and legal settings, and discusses ethical issues related to forensic neuropsychiatrists claiming expertise in neuroscience, formulating medical opinions based on neuroscience, and considering its relevance to criminal responsibility. Forensic neuropsychiatrists should be aware of emerging neuroscientific evidence, its utility and limits in rendering diagnoses and explaining behavior, and, before seeking such evidence for legal purposes, its availability and admissibility. When testifying in matters involving neuroscientific evidence, ensuring truthfulness and balance, having sufficient and validated knowledge (including openness with confirming and disconfirming evidence), understanding standards of practice, and drawing relevant and appropriate conclusions remain important.
Targeted Preparation and NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Lys11‐Linked Ubiquitin Trimers
Authors: Immler Fabian , Schneider Tobias , Kovermann Michael
Published: November 2023

Ubiquitylation refers to the attachment of mono‐ or poly‐ubiquitin molecules to a substrate protein. To shield ubiquitin chains against potential hydrolysis, a facile, click‐chemistry based approach was recently established for the generation of site‐specifically conjugated ubiquitin dimers relying on triazole‐linkage. Here, the preparation of such ubiquitin chains was advanced by the generation of homotypic Lys11‐linked ubiquitin trimers considering an isotopic labeling scheme in a moiety‐wise manner. The structural and dynamical impact on the ubiquitin unit at proximal, central, or distal position that is potentially invoked by the respective other two moieties was systematically probed by heteronuclear high‐resolution NMR spectroscopic approaches. As a result, conjugating a third ubiquitin moiety to the proximal or distal site of a ubiquitin dimer does not alter structural and dynamical characteristics as it has been seen for ubiquitin dimers. This observation suggests that recognition of a homotypically assembled ubiquitin chain by a potential substrate is primarily done by screening the length of a ubiquitin chain rather than relying on subtle changes in structure or dynamic properties of single ubiquitin moieties composing the chain.
Pseudo‐Bartter syndrome in infant with cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Sepe Angela , Romano Camilla , Landi Ivana , Castaldo Alice , Cimbalo Chiara , Farina Federica , Scorza Manuela , Salvadori Laura , Raia Valeria , Tosco Antonella
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The introduction of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) increased diagnosis of cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). We described the case of a 12‐month‐old boy with CFSPID who, during summer, presented Pseudo‐Bartter syndrome with no diagnostic criteria for CF.
Management strategy in actinomycosis brain abscess
Authors: Yedeas Mohamed Dehmani , Rachdi Mohamed Amine , Zayet Souheil , Yaiche Rahma , Chkili Ridha
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

We reported herein a case of isolated cerebral actinomycosis in a 54‐year‐old immunocompetent man. Brain MRI showed a left frontal intra‐axial lesion and perilesional edema. We performed an open biopsy of the left frontal enhancing lesion. Intraoperative findings showed a yellowish, malleable, and capsulated lesion that was well defined with surrounding normal tissue within pus inside and lacked any necrotic content. MR spectroscopy showed a high level of choline, lactate, and lipid peaks with a choline/N‐Acetylaspartic acid ratio of 1.8. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and the patient was treated successfully for 3 months after surgical aspiration. Surgical management allowed to confirm the diagnosis with a shorten antibiotics, a rapid resolution of symptoms, and a complete recovery.
Radiological features of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: A report of 36 cases along with a literature review
Authors: Omranzadeh Alireza , Afzalzadeh Mohamadreza , Ghodsi Alireza , Neshati Hashem , Mahdavi Rashed Masoud
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The pandemic of COVID‐19 along with high use of corticosteroids resulted in the emergence of invasive fungal infection. Here, we reported the radiologic feature of mucormycosis in COVID‐19‐infected cases and reviewed with available literature.
Retinal hamartomas at different stages in a patient with tuberous sclerosis: A OCT‐SS description
Authors: Dias Paula Basso , Linhares Anna Carolina Badotti , Hokazono Kenzo
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) is a benign glial tumor that may be present in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS), contributing to the diagnosis of this syndrome. While hamartomas identified through indirect ophthalmoscopy are often large enough to affect vessels and optic disc anatomy, RAH not detected in previous fundoscopies may become apparent in optical coherence tomography (OCT). The purpose of this report was to describe and characterize RAH with OCT with swept‐source technology (OCT‐SS), aiming to establish a more comprehensive classification for these hamartomas due to their diverse presentations. Fundus examination of a 11‐year‐old girl revealed retinal tumors in both eyes. OCT‐SS confirmed the diagnosis of TS, revealing dome‐shaped hyperreflective masses at different stages of evolution. Lesion 1: maximum thickness (MT) of 336 μm and ganglion cell layer disorganization. Lesion 2: MT of 438 μm and preserved outer plexiform layer. Lesion 3: posterior shadow, MT of 1478 μm and complete rupture of retinal anatomy. Lesion 4: MT of 342 μm and preserved retinal anatomy. OCT is a noninvasive method which assists the diagnosis of subclinical lesions and clinical characterization of TS patients.
Dermatomyositis with positive anti‐TIF1 gamma antibodies in an adult female: A case report
Authors: Adhikari Krishna , Pant Prashant , Bhandari Sanjeev , Paudel Sandip , Poudyal Buddhi , Sharma Lucky , Sigdel Keshav Raj , Subedi Rojina
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Dermatomyositis is an uncommon autoimmune disease with only few cases reported from Nepal. Presence of anti TIF‐1 gamma antibodies in DM are the strongest predictor of malignancy. Timely screening of malignancies for early detection and management remains the mainstay of this report.
Diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy accompanied with primary aldosteronism—Case report
Authors: Tang Kaiyu , Liu Shuaiye , Yang Sicong , Yuan Qinghua , Du Zhimin
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is known to be the most prevalent genetic cardiac condition. However, there have been limited reports on the diagnosis of HCM accompanied by secondary hypertension and the subsequent systematic therapy. In this case report, we present the case of a 65‐year‐old male patient who presented with recurring chest discomfort during physical activity, along with refractory hypertension. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transthoracic echocardiogram(TTE) revealed the presence of HCM in this individual. Further investigation revealed hypokalemia, elevated aldosterone levels, decreased plasma renin activity, and an aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio above 30. These findings strongly indicated primary aldosteronism (PA) as an additional condition affecting this patient. Through the utilization of whole exome sequencing, we successfully identified a suspected pathogenic gene TTN as the underlying cause of the patient's condition. The presence of HCM accompanied by secondary hypertension due to PA resulted in significant enlargement of the left ventricle, particularly the ventricular septum. While certain genetic mutations may suggest a potential link to cardiomyopathy development, they cannot definitively establish a direct association between HCM and PA.
An extensive arterial thrombosis with lower limb ischemia in a COVID‐19 patient: A case report
Authors: Andriamizanaka Johary Andriamamonjisoa , Rakotomijoro Etienne , Andriananja Volatiana , Raberahona Mihaja , Andrianasolo Radonirina Lazasoa , Rakotoarivelo Rivonirina Andry , de Dieu Randria Mamy Jean
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is responsible for huge morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Several serious complications of this disease have been reported. It can cause hypercoagulability, which may lead to venous and arterial thromboembolic diseases. This hypercoagulability state is also associated with high morbidity and mortality. Arterial thrombosis in COVID‐19 is poorly described compared to venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We report a case of an extensive arterial thrombosis leading to a limb ischemia with extremely high D‐dimer in a COVID‐19 patient. A 69‐year‐old man was hospitalized for febrile dyspnea. He is a hypertensive and diabetic patient. On admission, pulse oxygen saturation was 72% on room air. He had cyanosis of the left foot up to the mid‐thigh. The left pedal, posterior tibial, popliteal and femoral pulses were abolished. Chest CT scan was in favor of COVID‐19. He has a high D‐dimer level of 257,344 ng/mL. Arterial Echo‐Doppler found an extensive intraluminal thrombus along the arterial axes of the left lower limb, completely obstructing them, starting from the primitive iliac artery just after its bifurcation with the aorta, and extending distally (external iliac; common femoral; superficial femoral; popliteal; anterior tibial; posterior tibial; fibular and pedal). The patient was diagnosed with COVID‐19 critical form, associated with ischemia of the left lower limb secondary to an extensive arterial thrombosis. He was receiving anticoagulation, and underwent surgical amputation of the ischemic limb. The patient survived the event; however, he was on long‐term oxygen therapy at home. Arterial thrombosis may occur during COVID‐19 and may be responsible for peripheral or central ischemia aggravating morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of these events is related to the D‐dimer value. Anticoagulation is an important part of the management of COVID‐19, especially in severe forms in order to limit the occurrence of these thromboembolic diseases.
Uremic encephalopathy manifesting with a unique MRI finding (the lentiform fork sign) in an adult male: A case report
Authors: Alhusseini Ayham , Hamsho Suaad , Alabdullah Hadi , Alaswad Mohammed , Sleiay Mouhammed , Alsamarrai Omar
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

A novel radiologic sign in patients with renal failure and uremic encephalopathy (UE) with metabolic acidosis has recently been identified as the lentiform fork sign. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the “lentiform fork sign” has been described as bilateral symmetrical hyperintensities in the basal ganglia encircled by a hyperintese rim delineating the lentiform nucleus. Changes in uremic solute retention, aberrant blood–brain barrier transport, disordered vascular reactivity, altered electrolyte and acid–base balance, and altered hormone metabolism are the most likely causes of the condition. A 56‐year‐old male with end‐stage renal disease was brought to the emergency room for a progressive change in mental status and involuntary arm movements over the previous 5 days, which were accompanied by mild dyspnea. A brain MRI was performed, and it revealed hyperintensity on T2/FLAIR in the white matter surrounding the basal ganglia. the patient was treated with dialysis and improved greatly. Intensified hemodialysis and glycemic control are the cornerstones of treating diabetic uremic syndrome (DUS) with likely reversible clinical symptoms and remission of imaging abnormalities.
A rare cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hayes Jessica , Mahoney Anne Byrd , Ayers Claci , Sarma Asha , Ess Kevin C. , Hunley Tracy E. , Smith Christine Moore
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as the initial presenting sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is unusual, as PRES is more often a complication of therapy. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis for pediatric hypertension and its complications.

A 6‐year‐old male presented with a seizure‐like episode. Evaluation revealed hypertension and brain imaging showed findings consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Complete blood count showed lymphoblasts, and the cause of his hypertension was determined to be renal infiltration of leukemia cells due to B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Transvenous left bundle branch pacing during cardiac surgery: A case report
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yan , Cheng Guanliang , Chen Xuezhi
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) was a promising physiological pacing method, which could prevent or treat heart failure. We reported a young woman with severe valvular disease and heart failure receiving LBBP under direct vision and without x‐ray assistance during cardiac surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case report of this type of pace maker implantation.
A simple method for culturing Acanthamoeba from soft contact lens at a clinical laboratory of a hospital: Case report of Acanthamoeba keratitis
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Nose Motoko
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

A simple culturing method for Acanthamoeba available at a clinical laboratory is a key for making timely diagnosis and starting treatment with topical 0.02% chlorhexidine gluconate eye drops, together with 0.1% miconazole or fluconazole eye drops.

A 19‐year‐old woman with pain and injection in the right eye showed spotty corneal infiltration and radiating linear opacity. Suspicious of Acanthamoeba keratitis, corneal scraping, and the soft contact lens were sent to in‐house clinical laboratory to culture successfully Acanthamoeba on Sabouraud dextrose agar plate painted with heat‐treated dead bacilli.
Chairside posterior cantilevered fixed partial denture: Case report
Authors: Dupagne Lucien , Fouquet Vincent , Attal Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The cantilevered fixed partial denture (CFPD) is gaining recognition as a sound method of replacing missing teeth in the posterior sector. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate that this type of restoration can be performed in a single appointment. A 39‐year‐old patient presented herself to the dental department; she showed agenesis of the two first maxillary premolars with a totally closed mesio‐distal gap and a recent loss of the 2 s maxillary premolars. This case report concerns the replacement of the upper left second premolar. The patient was treated with a mesial CFPD resting on an “onlay‐like” retainer on the first molar and replacing the missing premolar with a cantilevered pontic. The dimensions of the connection's cross‐section were maximized as much as possible (>20 mm2). The restoration was designed and produced using chairside CAD‐CAM from a milled‐reinforced glass–ceramic block (Emax CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). The aesthetic and functional integration of the prosthesis was successful. The patient was examined at 11 months for a follow‐up. At this early stage, satisfactory dental hygiene was observed, associated with a smooth prosthetic fit, no periodontal inflammation, normal probing, and no abnormal dental mobility.
Clival ectopic pituitary prolactinoma was successfully managed by transsphenoidal surgery: A rare case report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Khozamah Zeinah , Naksho Abdulmonem , Zayat Roaa , Al Sabbagh Aliaa , Deeb Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Ectopic pituitary adenoma is a rare neoplasm located in the clivus and could mimic other clival tumors. Diagnosis and treatment could be challenging. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clival tumors.

Ectopic pituitary adenomas (EPAs) are isolated adenomas that can be located in variable locations outside the sella turcica and have a normal‐appearing pituitary gland. These tumors are rare and are thought to often arise from embryological remnants along the route of Rathke's pouch migration. EPAs are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations depending on hormonal activity and involvement of adjacent structures, which can represent a challenge in making the diagnosis and deciding on the most appropriate management. In this case study, we report a 47‐year‐old male who presented with visual disturbances, a headache, and generalized weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2 cm mass located in the clivus invading the sphenoid sinus with an intact pituitary gland. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to eradicate the mass while maintaining the integrity of the pituitary gland, which was successful and uneventful. Pathological studies were consistent with prolactinoma, with no cytological malignant features. Post‐surgery, symptoms notably improved, and serum prolactin levels significantly dropped, The patient's condition was satisfactory on follow‐up with no long‐term complications reported. This paper contributes to the existing literature by sharing the clinical management of a challenging and uncommon case.
Insight into the Stereoselective Synthesis of (1S)‐Nor(pseudo)ephedrine Analogues by a Two‐Steps Biocatalytic Process
Authors: Fracchiolla Noemi , Patti Stefania , Sangalli Fabio , Monti Daniela , Presini Francesco , Giovannini Pier Paolo , Parmeggiani Fabio , Brenna Elisabetta , Tessaro Davide , Ferrandi Erica Elisa
Published: November 2023

Nor(pseudo)ephedrines (N(P)Es), vicinal amino alcohols possessing sympathomimetic biological activity, constitute valuable intermediates and chiral building blocks for the organic synthesis of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Due to the presence of two chiral centers, their conventional chemical asymmetric syntheses often involve long, multi‐step procedures, frequently with the aid of expensive and harmful metal catalysts, making it challenging to achieve high yields and optical purities overall. A two‐steps biocatalytic synthetic sequence for the preparation of (1S)‐N(P)E analogues was therefore designed and carried out, consisting of a benzoin‐type condensation catalysed by the (S)‐selective acetoin:dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase (Ao:DCPIP OR) and a transamination mediated by either an (S)‐ or (R)‐selective amine transaminase (ATA). A multistep chemical synthesis of racemic N(P)Es was also optimised in order to obtain reference material for evaluating the performance of the biocatalysed reactions. The novel bi‐enzymatic synthesis provided the desired products with acceptable yields and good diastereo‐ and enantiomeric excesses, thereby paving the way for greener production of these important building blocks.
Assessing Electrocatalyst‐Ionomer Interactions: HOR/HER Activity of Pt/C Catalyst Layers incorporating Poly(imidazolium)s
Authors: Fraser Kate , Dosaev Kirill , Savinova Elena , Holdcroft Steven , Asset Tristan
Published: November 2023

In this work, a specifically designed C2‐protected poly(imidazolium) with a limited number of freely rotating phenyl groups was synthesized and studied as a binder for a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst. The ionomer‐electrocatalyst interactions were extensively investigated in terms of kinetic and limiting current for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A non‐monotonic evolution of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) was observed with the increase of the ionomer‐to‐carbon ratio. The addition of ionomer to the catalyst layer leads to an increase in stability and activity of the electrocatalyst during HOR, while substantially increasing the ionomer content leads to only a marginal decrease in ECSA. Potential phenyl adsorption and cation‐hydroxide ion‐water interactions which impart deleterious impact on electrochemical activity are minimized owing to the sterically encumbered design of the polyimidazolium which (i) limits direct molecular interaction of the imidazolium cationic ring with Pt and (ii) encumbers phenyl and imidazolium ring rotation to hinder parallel aromatic ring adsorption onto the electrocatalyst surface, hence mitigating strong adsorption/blocking interactions.
Affect and financial satisfaction: The mediating role of financial self‐efficacy
Authors: Olajide Olamide , Asebedo Sarah , Little Todd
Published: November 2023

Using the 2008, 2012, and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate if financial self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between affective states (e.g., state‐like emotions) and financial satisfaction and if this differs for retirees and non‐retirees. The results show that retirees' negative affective state (negative affect) in wave 1 (2008) is related inversely to their financial self‐efficacy in wave 2 (2012), and financial self‐efficacy is related positively to financial satisfaction in wave 3 (2016). The results show that negative affect is associated with lower financial satisfaction through financial self‐efficacy as a mediating characteristic for retirees. However, for non‐retirees, no statistically significant mediation relationship is found. Findings from this study contribute to the gap in understanding the lingering effects of negative affect on financial behavior and financial satisfaction levels of older adults. This study provides insights into how financial planning practitioners can help clients navigate affective states and financial self‐efficacy as they work together to reach their financial goals.
Electron‐Triggered Imine Coupling: Synthesis and Characterization of Three Redox States (0,–1,–2) of a Ni(N2S2) Complex
Authors: Mangin Loïc P. , Albkuri Yahya M. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Al Shehimy Shaymaa , Khrouz Lhoussain , Steinmann Stephan , Bucher Christophe , Baker R. Tom
Published: November 2023

Metal imine‐thiolate complexes, M(NS)2 are known to undergo imine C−C bond formation to give M(N2S2) complexes (M=Co, Ni) containing a redox‐active ligand. Although these transfor‐mations are not typically quantitative, we demonstrate here that the one‐electron reduction of a related Ni bis(imine‐thiolate) complex affords the corresponding paramagnetic [Ni(N2S2)]‐ anion (2⋅−) exclusively; subsequent oxidation with [Cp2Fe]BF4 then affords a high yield of neutral 2 (Cp=η5‐cyclopentadienyl). Moreover, electrochemical studies indicate that a second one‐electron reduction affords the diamagnetic dianion. Both anionic products were isolated and characterized by SC‐XRD and their electronic structures were investigated by UV‐vis spectro‐electrochemistry, EPR and NMR spectroscopy, and DFT studies. These studies show that reduction proceeds primarily on the ligand, with (N2S2)4− containing both thiolate and ring‐delocalized anions.
Stabilization of sp‐Hybridized Nitrogen Cation by Lewis Acid‐Base Complex Formation with Intramolecular Iodine
Authors: Fujino Tomohiro , Hyodo Tadashi , Otani Yuko , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Ohwada Tomohiko
Published: November 2023

Here we show that the sp‐hybridized nitrogen cation is strongly stabilized by a peri‐iodine substituent in the tetralone system. The cation is captured by anionic species such as CF3CO2−, affording hypervalent iodine(III) compounds with a short nitrogen‐iodine (N−I) bond, in which the cation serves as a Lewis acid. Notably, the O−I bond of the O‐trifluoroacetate or O‐acetate is intrinsically weaker than the N−I bond due to its more ionic character and is further weakened by protonation in trifluoroacetic acid. As a result, the oxygen ligand can dissociate in the presence of a Brønsted acid, affording a I+ cation intermediate that retains the N−I bond. We isolated the cation as the tetrafluoroborate, and characterized it experimentally by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure analysis, and theoretically by means of DFT calculation. The results suggest that the N−I bonded cation is intrinsically stable, and is weakly coordinated with water and the BF4 counter anion or trifluoroacetate anion. This cation can be employed as a reagent for α‐oxidation of ketones.
Stepwise Functionalization of a Pillar[5]arene‐Containing [2]Rotaxane with Pentafluorophenyl Ester Stoppers
Authors: Becharguia Nihed , Wasielewski Emeric , Abidi Rym , Nierengarten Iwona , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: November 2023

Detailed investigations into the stepwise bis‐functionalization of a pillar[5]arene‐containing rotaxane building block have been carried out. Upon a first stopper exchange, the pillar[5]arene moiety of the mono‐acylated product is preferentially located close to its reactive pentafluorophenyl ester stopper, thus limiting the accessibility to the reactive carbonyl group by the nucleophilic reagents. Selective mono‐functionalization is thus very efficient. Introduction of a second stopper is then possible to generate dissymmetrical rotaxanes with different amide stoppers. Moreover, when dethreading is possible upon the second acylation, the pillar[5]arene plays the role of a protecting group allowing the synthesis of dissymmetrical axles that are particularly difficult to prepare under statistical conditions. Finally, detailed conformation analysis of the rotaxanes revealed that the position of the pillar[5]arene moiety on its axle subunit is mainly governed by polar interactions in nonpolar organic solvents, whereas solvophobic effects play a major role in polar solvents.
In‐situ temperature‐depth profile evaluation of South African unmineable coal seams to determine CO2 sequestration potential
Authors: Premlall Kasturie , Kipyegon Lawrence
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the sorption behaviour of South African coal seams with relation to the effect of temperature during CO2 sequestration. The excess adsorption isotherms of CO2 adsorption were undertaken using a high‐pressure volumetric system for four coals of different coal rank (denoted by Somkele [SK], anthracite KZN [AN], Tshikondeni [TD], and Syferfontein [SF]). The volumetric pressure step method was conducted at increments of system temperature of 35, 45, 55, and 65°C for pure CO2 adsorption at incremental pressures up to 93 bar. The results showed that high temperatures have a very significant negative effect on the amount of CO2 adsorbed on the coal samples. The high‐rank coal samples (SK and AN) demonstrated elevated CO2 adsorption capacity across all tested temperatures due to their high vitrinite content. The medium‐rank coals (TD and SF) exhibited comparatively lower CO2 adsorption capacity, attributed to the presence of adsorption hindrances such as higher ash content and volatile and mineral matter. The isosteric heat of adsorption revealed an increasing trend with coverage for all coal samples, with higher rank coals displaying greater slopes. The determined range of the isosteric heat of adsorption, spanning from 10 to 59 kJ/mol, indicated that the adsorption process is primarily of a physisorption nature. Three theoretical models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) were evaluated and fitted to the sorption experimental data. The Temkin model exhibited superior fitting compared to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Temkin isotherm parameters suggest that the adsorption of CO2 onto coal is a physisorption process.
Research on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Electrospinning Technology†
Authors: Li Baoding , Qiao Jing , Liu Yue , Tian Haoyuan , Liu Wei , Wu Qilei , Wang Zhou , Liu Jiurong , Zeng Zhihui
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

At present, in order to overcome electromagnetic interference and prevent electromagnetic harm, the research of new and efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials has become the research focus in the field of materials science. The one‐dimensional structure can promote the impedance matching and attenuation characteristics of the absorbing materials. Electrospinning, as an effective method to prepare nanofibers with high length‐diameter ratio, has been widely concerned because it is suitable for structural design of various materials. In this paper, the research progress and absorption properties of nano‐fiber materials prepared by electrospinning combined with different processes are introduced.
Synthesis, Structure and Chemical Bonding of Polyantimony Clusters Containing Coinage Metals [M2Sb14]4– (M = Cu, Ag)
Authors: Chen Wei‐Xing , Xu Yu‐He , Wang Cui‐Cui , Qiao Lei , Guo Zi‐Yan , Tian Wen‐Juan , Sun Zhong‐Ming
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Binary polyantimony clusters, namely [Cu2Sb14]4– and [Ag2Sb14]4–, containing coinage metals, were successfully synthesized and characterized, in which two homoatomic Sb73– subunits are bridged by two coinage metals in η4:η1 and η1:η1 coordination modes, respectively. In [Cu2Sb14]4–, two bridging Cu ions and two Sb atoms form a planar rhombic unit, which was revealed to have antiaromatic properties by theoretical calculations. Further electron structure and bonding analysis confirmed the presence of delocalized bonds in the rhombic unit and the metallophilic interaction between two formal M+ ions.
UNC‐82/NUAK kinase is required by myosin A, but not myosin B, to assemble and function in the thick filament arms of C. elegans striated muscle
Authors: Schiller NaTasha R. , Almuhanna Sarah A. , Hoppe Pamela E.
Published: November 2023

The mechanisms that ensure proper assembly, activity, and turnover of myosin II filaments are fundamental to a diverse range of cellular processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle, thick filaments contain two myosins that are functionally distinct and spatially segregated. Using transgenic double mutants, we demonstrate that the ability of increased myosin A expression to restore muscle structure and movement in myosin B mutants requires UNC‐82/NUAK kinase activity. Myosin B function appears unaffected in the kinase‐impaired unc‐82(e1220) mutant: the recessive antimorphic effects on early assembly of paramyosin and myosin A in this mutant are counteracted by increased myosin B expression and exacerbated by loss of myosin B. Using chimeric myosins and motility assays, we mapped the region of myosin A that requires UNC‐82 activity to a 531‐amino‐acid region of the coiled‐coil rod. This region includes the 264‐amino‐acid Region 1, which is sufficient in chimeric myosins to rescue the essential filament‐initiation function of myosin A, as well as two sites that interact with myosin head domains in the Interacting Heads Motif. A specific physical interaction between myosin A and UNC‐82::GFP is supported by GFP labeling of ectopic myosin A filaments but not thin filaments. We hypothesize that UNC‐82 regulates assembly competence of myosin A during parallel assembly in the filament arms.
Design Principles for Balancing Lipophilicity and Permeability in beyond Rule of 5 Space
Authors: Möbitz Henrik
Published: November 2023

An ab initio conformational analysis of oral beyond Rule of 5 (bRo5) drugs was complemented with measured permeability and logP(octanol) to derive design principles conferring oral bioavailability. 3D polar surface area (PSA) thresholds for oral bRo5 drugs coincided with those reported for Ro5 space. The majority of oral bRo5 drugs exceeded the Ro5 logP threshold of 5, reflecting a bias for permeability. Above 500 Da molecular weight (MW), oral drugs and highly permeable Novartis compounds occupy a narrow polarity range (topological or TPSA/MW) of 0.1‐0.3 Å2/Da, whose upper half coincides with the lower 90 percentiles of the Novartis logP set. This TPSA/MW range and 3D PSA below 100 Å2 define the “Rule of ~1/₅” for balancing lipophilicity and permeability. Neutral TPSA, defined as TPSA minus 3D PSA occurs independent of conformation, intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHB) and MW, suggesting it is an intrinsic molecular property. Neutral TPSA increased in the lead optimization (LO) campaigns of three first in class de novo designed bRo5 drugs and may be a useful design parameter in bRo5 space.
Safety and efficacy of ibrutinib in combination with rituximab and lenalidomide in previously untreated follicular and marginal zone lymphoma: An open label, phase 2 study
Authors: Gordon Max J. , Feng Lei , Strati Paolo , Lee Hun Ju , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Westin Jason R. , Samaniego Felipe , Marques‐Piubelli Mario L. , Vega Vazquez Francisco , Parra Cuentas Edwin R. , Solis‐Soto Luisa M. , Ma Wencai , Wang Jing , Claret Linda , Averill Barbara , Ibanez Karina , Fayad Luis E. , Flowers Christopher R. , Green Michael R. , Davis R. Eric , Neelapu Sattva S. , Fowler Nathan H. , Nastoupil Loretta J.
Published: November 2023

Background

Follicular lymphoma (FL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL). Median survival for iNHL is approximately 20 years. Because standard treatments are not curative, patients often receive multiple lines of therapy with associated toxicity—rationally designed, combination therapies with curative potential are needed. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide was evaluated in combination with rituximab for the frontline treatment of FL in the phase 3 RELEVANCE study. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in NHL and was evaluated in combination with lenalidomide, rituximab, and ibrutinib (IRR) in a phase 1 study.

Methods

The authors conducted an open‐label, phase 2 clinical trial of IRR for previously untreated FL and MZL. The primary end point was progression‐free survival (PFS) at 24 months.

Results

This study included 48 participants with previously untreated FL grade 1–3a (N = 38), or MZL (N = 10). Participants received 12, 28‐day cycles of lenalidomide (15 mg, days 1–21 cycle 1; 20 mg, cycles 2–12), rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly in cycle 1; day 1 cycles 2‐12), and ibrutinib 560 mg daily. With a median follow‐up of 65.3 months, the estimated PFS at 24 months was 78.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.0%–91.4%) and 60‐month PFS was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.6%–76.4%). One death occurred unrelated to disease progression. Grade 3–4 adverse events were observed in 64.6%, including 50% with grade 3–4 rash.

Conclusions

IRR is highly active as frontline therapy for FL and MZL. Compared to historical results with lenalidomide and rituximab, PFS is similar with higher grade 3–4 toxicity, particularly rash. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02532257).
Infinite order phase transition in the slow bond TASEP
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Sly Allan , Zhang Lingfu
Published: November 2023

In the slow bond problem the rate of a single edge in the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (TASEP) is reduced from 1 to for some small . Janowsky and Lebowitz  posed the well‐known question of whether such very small perturbations could affect the macroscopic current. Different groups of physicists, using a range of heuristics and numerical simulations reached opposing conclusions on whether the critical value of is 0. This was ultimately resolved rigorously in Basu‐Sidoravicius‐Sly which established that .

Here we study the effect of the current as tends to 0 and in doing so explain why it was so challenging to predict on the basis of numerical simulations. In particular we show that the current has an infinite order phase transition at 0, with the effect of the perturbation tending to 0 faster than any polynomial. Our proof focuses on the Last Passage Percolation formulation of TASEP where a slow bond corresponds to reinforcing the diagonal. We give a multiscale analysis to show that when is small the effect of reinforcement remains small compared to the difference between optimal and near optimal geodesics. Since geodesics can be perturbed on many different scales, we inductively bound the tails of the effect of reinforcement by controlling the number of near optimal geodesics and giving new tail estimates for the local time of (near) geodesics along the diagonal.