bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of self-injury tweets among Korean Twitter users (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Sang Yup , Kim InAe
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

In some countries, like South Korea, sharing self-injury experiences via social network sites such as Twitter and Instagram in the form of a photo and text, is becoming a trend among adolescents, and is a serious social problem.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were to examine social networks among Korean Twitter users who posted or retweeted self-injury tweets, and then analyze the content of these self-injury tweets.

METHODS

We collected Korean tweets containing the terms “self-injury” or “#self-injury” between June 17 and September 23, 2018, which resulted in 53,648 tweets. These tweets were analyzed using text analysis and network analysis techniques.

RESULTS

The most frequently appearing words in self-injury tweets were “photo,” “depression,” “suicide,” “person,” and “depressive disorder.” Most users who disclosed their ages were adolescents. Frequently mentioned mental illnesses were depressive, bipolar, panic, and anxiety disorder. A network analysis revealed minimal retweet interactions among users; few tweets were retweeted by many other users, and most users retweeted only one or no tweets.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings imply that many users who intended to self-injure were adolescents or had mental health issues, or were those who belong to a social minority (e.g., LGBT), suggesting that they might wish to self-injure due to mental or physical problems. Thus, it is critical for society to help these individuals.
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Mood Fluctuations during Drinking Episodes among Individuals with HIV (Preprint)
Authors: Shacham Enbal , Lew Daphne , Lopez Julia , Scroggins Stephen , Presti Rachel , Trull Timothy
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Individuals with HIV have high rates of mood disorders that have been noted to interrupt adherence care practices. Yet, intraday fluctuations in mood among these individuals are mostly unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined mood and alcohol use among a sample of individuals with HIV in their natural environments.

METHODS

This prospective 28-day pilot study enrolled 34 individuals engaged in HIV care. Mood was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form (PANAS-SF) and completed at the same moment of their alcohol consumption questionnaire. Descriptive and multilevel analyses aimed at identifying predictive patterns of mood changes in relation to alcohol use.

RESULTS

Among the 27 participants who completed the study with alcohol use reports, mood was measured at each of the 227 drinking episodes. The positive and negative affect scores ranged from 10 to 50, with a mean of 25.7 and 11.4 for each, respectively. There was significant reduction in mean positive mood scores from the start of the alcohol episode to the following day. Means for negative mood reports and fluctuation was low in this sample. Those that had a higher drinking pace overall were more likely to be in a worse mood at the end of the alcohol episode, regardless of the number of drinks consumed.

CONCLUSIONS

This pilot study reveals the initial relationships between mood and alcohol use, namely reductions in positive mood after alcoholic drinks were consumed. These patterns suggest intervention opportunities, yet larger scale studies are likely to identify more significant opportunities for interventions.
The Use of an Electronic Health Record Patient Portal to Access Diagnostic Test Results by Emergency Patients at an Academic Medical Center: Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Foster Brody , Krasowski Matthew David
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Electronic health record (EHR) patient portals provide a means by which patients can access their health information, including diagnostic test results. Little is known about portal usage by emergency department (ED) patients.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to assess patient portal utilization by ED patients at an academic medical center using account activation rates along with the rates of access of diagnostic test results (laboratory results and radiology reports), analyzing the impact of age, gender, and self-reported patient race.

METHODS

This institutional review board–approved retrospective study was performed at a 60,000-visits-per-year university-based ED. We utilized EHR data reporting tools to examine EHR portal activation and utilization for all patients who had at least one ED encounter with one or more diagnostic tests performed between October 1, 2016, and October 1, 2017. The total dataset for laboratory testing included 208,635 laboratory tests on 25,361 unique patients, of which 9482 (37.39%) had active portal accounts. The total dataset for radiologic imaging included 23,504 radiology studies on 14,455 unique patients, of which 5439 (37.63%) had an active portal account.

RESULTS

Overall, 8.90% (18,573/208,635) of laboratory tests and 8.97% (2019/22,504) of radiology reports ordered in the ED were viewed in the patient portal. The highest rates of viewing of laboratory and radiology results were seen for those who were female, were aged 0 to 11 years (parent or guardian viewing by proxy) and 18 to 60 years, and self-reported their race as Caucasian or Asian. The lowest rates were for those who were teenagers, aged older than 81 years, African American/black, and Hispanic/Latino. Infectious disease, urinalysis, and pregnancy testing constituted the highest number of laboratory tests viewed. Magnetic resonance imaging reports were viewed at higher rates than computed tomography or x-ray studies (P<.001). Approximately half of all the diagnostic test results accessed by patients were reviewed within 72 hours of availability in the patient portal (laboratory results: 9904/18,573, 53.32% and radiology reports: 971/2019, 48.1%). On the other extreme, 19.9% (3701/18,573) of laboratory results and 31.6% (639/2019) of radiology reports were viewed more than 2 weeks after availability in the portal.

CONCLUSIONS

The data highlight the relatively low use of a patient portal by ED patients and existing disparities between patient groups. There can be wide lag time (months) between result/report availability and access by patients. Opportunities for improvement exist for both activation and more robust utilization of patient portals by ED patients.
Predictors of Undergraduates’ Creativity Potentials in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Obialo Felix-Kingsley , Emeke Adenike E.
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the degree of relationship between eight psychosocial factors and their potential for creativity among undergraduates in southwestern Nigeria. Multistage sampling was used to select 651 respondents who responded to four psycho-social creativity instruments. Risk-taking behavior recorded a mean score of 40.75 (SD of 7.55). Peer pressure threshold mean score was 38.26 (SD of 6.470). Knowledge of creativity mean score was 35.33 (SD of 6.61). Attitude towards creativity revealed a mean score of 41.07 (SD of 6.45). The mean score on the Williams Creativity Test was 72.73 (SD of 7.69). Peer pressure and creativity have a significant correlation of 0.200 (p<0.05). Knowledge/awareness of creativity has a significant correlation of 0.545 (p<0.05). Correlation between attitude and creativity is 0.532 significant at p<0.05. The significant correlation between age and creativity is 0.104 (p<0.05). The correlation between gender and creativity is 0.036 which is not significant (p<0.05). Risk-taking behaviour and creativity have a correlation of 0.007 which is not significant (p<0.005). The correlation between parental influence and creativity is 0.064, and it is not significant (p<0.05), while the course of study and creativity have no significant correlation of -0.047. The results suggest implications for stakeholders in the educational system.
A LITERATURA INFANTIL EM SITES EDUCATIVOS: A QUALIDADE DOS SITES E A ESTÉTICA DOS TEXTOS
Authors: Debus Eliane Santana Dias , Da Silva Elika
Published: February 2019

O artigo busca, a partir dos critérios de análise de sites educativos propostos por Carvalho (2006) e da categoria linguagem verbal, analisar a configuração dos sites educativos que trazem a temática da literatura infantil, verificando como o literário se evidencia no texto de literatura infantil online. Entendemos que a leitura literária é de grande importância para a vida das pessoas e por meio dela conseguimos interagir com o mundo a nossa volta e também acreditamos na importância dessa literatura em diálogo com as mídias digitais para a formação do leitor, por isso se faz imprescindível a análise do material que está ao alcance das crianças. Constatou-se que a literatura infantil online pode ser uma aliada na formação do leitor, porém, nos sites brasileiros e gratuitos analisados na pesquisa,percebemos, em alguns casos, que o texto de literatura infantil online se apresenta sem as características de interatividade com o leitor e inovação que esse meio possibilita.
OS SUJEITOS DA EJA E DA EDUCAÇÃO SOCIAL: AS PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Pereira Antonio
Published: February 2019

O texto trata dos novos sujeitos da Educação de Jovem e Adulto (EJA) e da Educação Social (ES): as pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade e desfiliamento social, identificando-as e, ao mesmo tempo, problematizando a situação social em que vivem à luz da sociologia de Robert Castel que analisa o quanto as metamorfoses da questão social complexificaram a dinâmica interna da exclusão social a ponto de fazer emergir novas categorias que explicam melhor o fenômeno da marginalidade, por exemplo, a integração, assistidos, vulnerabilidade e desfiliamento social. O interesse aqui é em afirmar que os jovens, adultos e velhos que estão em uma dessas situações, em particular as duas últimas, são sujeitos da EJA, ainda que ela não os assumam; diferentemente da Educação Social que, historicamente, se constituiu como uma educação encetada na pedagogia de Paulo Freire, portanto lutando pelo empoderamento dessas pessoas.
AÇÕES DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA: PERCEPÇÕES DE DOCENTES DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Da Silva Valdicléa Machado , Hobold Márcia De Souza
Published: February 2019

Este artigo apresenta as percepções de docentes em relação às ações de formação continuadaoferecidas por uma Rede Municipal de Ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, em quese lançou mão da entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento para coleta de dados. Os principaisaportes que constituem a pesquisa são: Marcelo García (1999), Imbernón (2009, 2010, 2011), Formosinho (2009), Nóvoa (1991a, 1991b, 2002), Romanowski (2007) e Freire (1998). Os resultados deste estudo apontaram que os docentes necessitam que as ações de formação continuada promovam uma aproximação entre teoria e prática e que suas expectativas e necessidades de formação sejam tomadas como ponto de partida ao planejar essas ações. Os dados indicaram que os cursos mais contributivos são aqueles que oferecem uma continuidade do processo formativo, que contemplam as experiências dos professores e que propiciam a socialização dos seus sucessos e suas dificuldades, em um espaço coletivo de aprendizagem.
DISCUTINDO CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE SEXUALIDADE INFANTIL: UM TEMA DELICADO
Authors: Schutz Litiéli Wollmann , Martinez Lucas Da Silva , Salva Sueli
Published: February 2019

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as concepções construídas por três professoras da redeprivada de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, no nível da educação infantil, em relação às manifestações da sexualidade infantil. Desde muito pequenas as crianças expressam curiosidades sobre o seu corpo e o corpo dos outros, exploram e descobrem o que lhes causam dor, prazer e desconforto. As concepções acerca da temática, ainda se configuram como algo assustador e proibido,fazendo com que a sexualidade infantil, permaneça, na maioria das vezes uma incógnita ao olhar adulto. Os estudos teóricos estão baseados em Louro (2008), Schindhelm (2013), Weeks (2000) entre outros e outras. Essa pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa de cunho exploratório, tendo como principal ferramenta para a produção dos dados a entrevista desencadeada a partir de palavras e imagens utilizadas como evocadoras de memória. O resultado do processo foi organizado a partir de narrativas das professoras, e a análise centrou-se no destaque de percepções, concepções e ideias queas professoras foram expressando em suas entrevistas. Como resultados da pesquisa pode-se perceberque a discussão sobre sexualidade infantil está repleta de preconceitos e tabus. As professoras não se sentem preparadas para trabalhar esses aspectos com as crianças. Os espaços para a discussão e reflexão sobre a sexualidade infantil são quase inexistentes, prevalecendo o não dito.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA COMO DOCENTE NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL INDÍGENA RIACHUELO
Authors: De Paiva Paulo Weverton Soares Cizino , De Matos Maristela Bortolon
Published: February 2019

Este artigo trata-se de um relato de experiência vivenciado por dois anos como professor das disciplinas de História e Biologia na Escola Estadual Indígena Riachuelo, localizada na comunidade indígena do Sucuba, município do Alto Alegre, Estado de Roraima. Para o processo de produção e conclusões do presente artigo, fez-se necessário conhecer as bases legais que orientam a educação escolar indígena e realizar uma reflexão da minha prática pedagógica aplicada, considerando meu desconhecimento enquanto era docente na referida escola. Esse artigo tem como objetivo relatar como eram utilizados os materiais didáticos na organização das aulas. A pesquisa está fundamentada na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases - 9394/96, que trouxe em seu texto algumas garantias legais para as comunidades indígenas, entre elas a elaboração e publicação de material didático específico e diferenciado, no Referencial Curricular Nacional - RCNEI para Escolas Indígenas que traz subsídios para elaboração dos materiais didáticos das escolas indígenas, bem como em autores que produziram conhecimentos e contribuições sobre essa temática Barros (2015), Bendazolli (2011), dentre outros. Após os anos de docência e convívio com aquela comunidade conclui-se que os materiais didáticos que foramutilizados nas aulas não eram adequados para aquela realidade bem como não seguiam as orientaçõesdo RCNEI e da própria LDB.
Body Composition and Diabetes Risk in South Asians: Findings From the MASALA and MESA Studies
Authors: Flowers Elena , Lin Feng , Kandula Namratha R. , Allison Matthew , Carr Jeffrey J. , Ding Jingzhong , Shah Ravi , Liu Kiang , Herrington David , Kanaya Alka M.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

South Asians have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with other race/ethnic groups. Body composition is associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes. Differences in body composition between South Asians and other race/ethnic groups are one hypothesized mechanism to explain the disproportionate prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study used data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohorts to determine whether body composition mediated the elevated prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in South Asians. Participants (n = 2,615) with complete body composition data were included. Ordinal logistic regression models were calculated to determine the odds for glycemic impairment in South Asians compared with the MESA cohort.

RESULTS

In multivariate models, South Asians had a significantly higher prevalence of glycemic impairment and type 2 diabetes compared with all four race/ethnic groups included in the MESA (P < 0.001 for all). In unadjusted and multivariate adjusted models, South Asians had higher odds for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes compared with all other race/ethnic groups (P < 0.001 for all). The addition of body composition measures did not significantly mitigate this relationship.

CONCLUSIONS

We did not identify strong evidence that accounting for body composition explains differences in the risk for type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies of the MESA and MASALA cohorts are needed to understand how adipose tissue impacts the risk for type 2 diabetes and how to best assess this risk.
Análise da Indústria 4.0 como Elemento Rompedor na Administração de Produção
Authors: Santos Ismael Luiz dos , Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Silva Junior Daniel de Souza
Published: February 2019

A Primeira Revolução Industrial potencializou a motorização da produção através da máquina a vapor, a Segunda Revolução Industrial, por meio do aço e da eletricidade, deu vida à produção em massa. Uma Terceira Revolução pode ser atribuída à automatização eletrônica das linhas produtivas e agora, segundo Schwab (2016), o mundo está assistindo a Quarta Revolução Industrial baseada na digitalização dos processos industriais. Este artigo faz uma abordagem história do pensamento da administração da produção demonstrando a sua evolução ao longo de sete períodos. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica será apresentado os principais elementos que compõe a Indústria 4.0.
Las estrategias de las familias borbónicas para acceder al poder del Cabildo. Un estudio de caso en el Santiago del Estero durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Rossi María Cecilia
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se estudian las estrategias de dos agentes borbónicos para arribar y consolidar el poder local. Se trata de un estudio de caso referido al Cabildo de Santiago del Estero, que muestra –en parte- la conformación de la elite local a partir del establecimiento de lazos familiares durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Entre otras fuentes se utilizan las Actas Capitulares del Cabildo de Santiago del Estero y expedientes tanto del Archivo Histórico de Santiago del Estero, como del Archivo General de la Nación.
Conductas patriarcales en el ámbito del Río de la Plata entre fines del siglo XVIII y mediados del XIX
Authors: Quinteros Guillermo
Published: February 2019

La familia patriarcal ha sido el modelo a partir de la cual se estructuraron las sociedades modernas occidentales. La región del Río de la Plata, con la implantación del sistema de la Monarquía española no escapó a dicha situación. Partiendo de esa base, en este trabajo se exploran las manifestaciones y las conductas de los varones en la relación con las mujeres. Educados bajo el modelo del patriarcado, las mujeres eran consideradas inferiores y por ende quedaban bajo la dominación masculina.Este trabajo retoma técnicas de la microhistoria, tal como la descripción densa, para analizar expedientes judiciales procedentes del Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El estudio comienza en torno al año 1785 cuando se inicia la actividad de la Real Audiencia y por tanto podemos abordar las dos instancias de apelación de la época y culmina en 1852, con la caída de Juan M de Rosas como Gobernador Provincial, cuando se inicia un nuevo período político sin el fantasma de la suma del poder o las facultades extraordinarias.
Prostate Zonal Anatomy: do we Always Need Central Zone?
Authors: Gromov A. I. , Kapustin V. V. , Prokhorov A. V.
Published: February 2019

This paper contains historical review of prostate gland zonal anatomy approaches from morphological and radiological points of view. Nowadays, someconfusion remains in “central zone” term usage. Thus, authors propose to avoid using this termin conclusions of MR and TRUS exams. It’s also recommended to use 39 sectors prostate scheme for tumor localization only in cases, where MR exams were technically corresponded to PIRADSv2 system requirements.
Possibilities of Echocardiography at the Stages of Surgical Treatment of the Patient with the Mitral Valve Posterior Leaflet Prolapse Resulted in Mitral Insufficiency and Atrial Fibrillation (A Case Report)
Authors: Kadyrova M. V. , Askerova N. N. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Zhemerov N. V. , Malyshenko E. S. , Popov V. A. , Revishvili A. Sh.
Published: February 2019

The mitral valve prolapse is characterized by the degeneration of the valve leaflets, accompanied by their thickening, increasing surface area and flexibility. The mitral valves leaflets bulge (prolapse) beyond the plane of the atrioventricular ring into the left atrium during ventricular systole and lose the ability to close tightly, leading to the mitral regurgitation. Acute chord rupture of the mitral valve posterior leaflet is a rare but important cause of severe mitral regurgitation and the development of acute or progressive chronic heart failure. Acute mitral insufficiency, accompanied by hemodynamic disorders, requires an urgent valve plastic surgery or valve prosthetics. The mitral valve plastic surgery gives a number of undeniable advantages over prosthetics, providing the best hemodynamic parameters, saving the patient from lifelong receiving of anticoagulant drugs. Detailed qualified echocardiographic evaluation of all structures of the mitral valve (fibrous ring, MV leaflets by segments, overlapping structures, structure of the chordal apparatus, papillary muscles) provides the necessary information for the mitral valve reconstructive plastic surgery with the choice of the method that is most optimal for a certain patient at the preoperative stage. We report herein a clinical observation of the patient with a diagnosis: acquired heart disease, the mitral valve posterior leaflet prolapse with mitral insufficiency Grade 3. Chronic heart failure IIA. II FC. Atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent multicomponent mitral valve reconstruction with the creation of a neochord and the fibrous ring plastic on the duplicate of a PTFE strip (soft support ring), pairwise isolation of the pulmonary vein entrance and right cavotricuspid isthmus.
Imaging of Uterine Cervical Cancer: a Modern View (Literature Review)
Authors: Pletneva V. Yu. , Pylev A. L. , Maslov A. L.
Published: February 2019

Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women. Early diagnosis of cervical cancer remains a clinical problem. Most of the published literature refers to the evalu ation of patients with macroscopically visible tumors. Currently, the use of sequences with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and diffusion-weighted images MRI allows for detection of tumors smaller than7 mm. Several articles on the use of transvaginal ultrasound have been published, indicating sensitivity and specificity comparable to MRI. Computed tomography is used primarily to detect metastases in the lymph nodes. In this review, we focus on the accuracy and role of various diagnostic methods in patients with cervical cancer, as well as advantages anddisadvantages of the most commonly used classifications.
Radiology in Acute Pancreatitis: Influence on Surgical Concepts of Phases and Stages
Authors: Stepanova A. S. , Vishnevskiy V. A.
Published: February 2019

In modern pancreatology, diagnostics of acute pancreatitis is one of the most complex and urgent problems. In recent decades, the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) has more than doubled and now it exceeds 25% among acute surgical diseases. Pancreonecrosis accounts for about 20–35% of all complications. General and postoperative mortality reaches 15–45%. Modern radiology methods in patients with AP and pancreatic necrosis aid in determination of disease form and its complications. In this article, the importance of radiological methods for treatment planning is reviewed. Close attention is paid to the interpretation of computer tomography (CT) data using various CT-scales and classifications. High incidence among young and healthy people highlights socio-economic significance of AP. Therefore, in this literature review, we focus on the publications and clinical cases of acute pancreatitis.
Diagnosis of Cystic Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas. Differential Possibilities of Application of Radiation Methods (Case Report)
Authors: Durleshter V. M. , Genrykh S. R. , Karanadze E. N. , Andreev A. V. , Gedzun R. V. , Kuzmenko N. N.
Published: February 2019

Nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors (NFET) account for up to 33% of the neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, ranging from 1 to20 cmin diameter and showing a higher malignancy rate, up to 90%. The clinical presentation of nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors is nonspecific. These tumors, in fact, are predominantly characterized by an expansive growth pattern; therefore, they are clinically silent until adjacent viscera and structures are involved. This makes it difficult to diagnose NFET at an early stage. Correct diagnosis is typically delayed by several years. About 15% of pancreatic NFET are cystic and difficult to differentiation from other cystic pancreatic lesions. In such cases, the important role played by hypervascular rim in the arterial phase image. Literature review and case report оf diagnostics and treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumor with cystic transformation are presented in the article.
Ultrasound Semiotics the Intraabdominal Cysts in Newborns
Authors: Mukaseeva T. V.
Published: February 2019

Aim: to determine the diagnostic value of individual  echographic symptoms in abdominal cysts in newborns.

Мaterials and Methods. The results of ultrasound  examination of 65 newborns (the average age 15.93 ± 1.15 days) with intraabdominal cysts (IACs) diagnosed with echography from 2004 to 2016 are analyzed. Girls were 80% (52/65), boys – 20% (13/65).  

Results. 23 (35%) neonates had complicated ovarian cysts (OC) (antenatal torsion, necrosis of the cystic formation and ipsilateral ovary), in 16 (25%) cases uncomplicated OC were detected. In 14 (22%) cases enterocysts (8 girls, 6 boys) were detected, and mesenteric lymphangiomas (LAB) were diagnosed in 12 (18%) newborns (5 girls, 7 boys). The main echographic signs of various IACs were picked out.

Conclusion. Ultrasonography is an informative method of diagnostics the IACs in newborns. The presence of parietal intraluminal cysts was typical for OC. In the case of uncomplicated OC anechogenous contents were noted. In the case of complicated OC heterogeneous content of various echostructure (debris, clots, septa and a networked structure of the content) took place. For the enterocysts a thick wall was typical and it’s variants of echographic representation were the gut-signature (double wall sign), layered  structure of the wall and Y-configuration of the cyst wall. LAB were characterized by irregular shape, thin wall and anechogenous content, less often the disperse component and thin septa in the lumen were determined. The networked structure of the contents was detected at various nosological forms (complicated OC, LAB and delimited peritonitis typical for severe enterocolitis) and required careful diagnostics of the totality of all detected echographic symptoms.
Static Myocardial Dual-Energy (DE) Perfusion and Delayed Enhancement in Detection of Chronic Myocardial Scar Tissue. Comparison with Late Gadolinium Ebhancement MRI
Authors: Pershina E. S. , Sinitsin V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Komarova M. A. , Chaban A. S.
Published: February 2019

Purpose. To compare the performance of static myocardialDECT perfusion imaging (CTA) with DECT delayed enhancement for  detection of ischemic myocardial scars using LGE MRI as a diagnostic standard.

Materials and Methods. 29 patients (m/f –16/13 mean age 57.6 ± 2.1) with chronic myocardial infarction were prospectively enrolled in the study. The CCTA protocol consisted of prospectively gated static myocardial DECT perfusion imaging (angiographic phase) and DECT delayed enhancement with 8 min delay after contrast media injection. Study was performed with 64-row single-source dual energy CT with fast kilovoltage switching. DECT images were visually assessed for first-pass arterial enhancement deficit and delayed enhancement using iodine distribution maps by 2 observers in comparison with LGE MRI. Sensitivity and specificity, the normalized iodine concentration ratio of normal myocardium and scar tissue were calculated both for both methods.

Results. For scar detection static myocardial DECT perfusion had  accuracy, sensitivity and specificity 95%, 90%, 95%, resp. vs.  delayed DECT – 96%, 88%, 99%, resp. There was no significant  difference between accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for DECT  perfusion and delayed DECT (p = 0.32). However diagnostic  confidence and normalized iodine concentration ratio of normal  myocardium and scar for static myocardial DECT perfusion were  significantly lower than for delayed DECT (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion. DECT CTA and DECT delayed enhancement have a  good accuracy for detection of post-infarction scars in comparison  with LGE MRI. The overall diagnostic performance of DECT delayed  enhancement was better then of static myocardial DECT perfusion  imaging. Thus, delayed sequences should not be omitted from CTA  standard protocol if the aim is myocardial scar detection.
Correlation of the Computed Tomography Angiography Data with the Clinical Neurological Presentation in Case of Small Degree Stenosis of Internal Carotid Arteries
Authors: Todua F. I. , Gachechiladze D. G. , Miminoshvili D. K. , Lomidze K. V.
Published: February 2019

Purpose. To carry out the correlation of the lumen structure of internal carotid artery (ICA) to the neurological symptoms in patients with small-intermediate (30–69%) degree stenosis based on multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) data; evaluate potential embologenicity of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with small-intermediate stenosis of ICA.

Materials and methods. The data of 49 patients with 30–69% stenosis of ICA were evaluated, 43 (87.8%) men and 6 (12.2%) women; age varied from 51 to 78 years (medium age 59.8 ± 12.2 years). Depending on neurological presentation, patients were divided into 4 groups, according to academician A.V. Pokrovsky classification of cerebro-vascular insufficiency (1979). All patients underwent CTA on the apparatus Toshiba Aquilion One. The CTA data was transferred to the Vitrea workstation for the analysis. Following 3D-recontractions were used: MIP –Maximal Intensity projection, MPR – Multi-Planar Reconstruction, SSD – Shaded Surface Display. Along with estimation of the lumen shape, attention was paid to the presence of ulcerations, which appeared as the indentation of the contour and/or as a plaque with multiple hollows or cavernous appearance.

Results. Mean stenosis degree appeared to be 59.7% in all 49  patients (stenosis index varied from 36% to 67%). In 27  asymptomatic patients mean value of stenosis was 57.8%, in case of discirculatory encephalopathy – 59.6%, in case of transient ischemic attack (TIA) – 60.1%, and in 2 patients with stroke – 62.4%. Based on the analysis of the CTA in 23 (46.9%) cases plaque surface was irregular (Type II and II ulceration prevailed). Type I ulcerations were noted in 5 (10.2%), type II –in 11 (22.4%) and type III – in 7 (14.2%) cases. CTA images showed circular lumen in 15 (30.6%) patient, elliptic lumen in 19 (38.8%) patients, semicircular lumen was seen in 65(12.2%) cases and multilobular – in 9 (18.3%) cases. Correlation of the lumen structure with the clinical presentation showed prevalence of cases with irregular lumen contours in patients with symptomatic cerebral ischemia: impairment of cerebral circulation was seen in 1 out of 15 (6.7) circular narrowings, in 1 out of 19 (5.2%) elliptic narrowings, in 5 out of 9 (55.6%) multilobular and in 2 out of 6 (33.3%) semicircular narrowings.

Conclusion. Asymmetric lumen of ICA revealed by MSCTA with the bigger probability is connected to the presence of ipsilateral symptomatic ischemia, including transient amavrosis, TIA and ischemic stroke. Our study showed, that evaluation of ICA lumen morphology makes possible to reveal patients with increased risk of focal disturbance of brain circulation in case of small-intermediate degree (30–69%) of stenosis.
Coronary Calcium Score Using Multi-Slice Computed Tomography
Authors: Fedotenkov I. S. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: February 2019

Coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are the  most common causes of death and disability in the most of  industrialized countries. The problem of early diagnosis of CAD  detection is extremely relevant all over the world. Preclinical  identification of patients with risk factors of CAD is one of the most  important goal in routine clinical practice. Multislice computed  tomography (MSCT) of the heart with the determination of the  calcium index (CI) is a noninvasive screening of coronary arteries  assessment. The severity of coronary calcification has a close  relationship with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and the risk of acute coronary events according to numerous studies. Initially, studies targeted on assessment of coronary calcification and determination of normative parameters were performed using electron-beam scanners (EBS). Subsequently multislice computed tomography (MSCT) replaced the electronic beam tomography (EBCT). The results of studies that performed with EBS have become the basis for a methodology of coronary calcification assessment with MSCT. The reproducibility of coronary calcium score is important for assessment of atherosclerosis for dynamic monitoring. The inter- observer and intra-observer reproducibility of this method is quite  high, the reproducibility according to repeated studies of the same  patient is lower. In recent years, a new generation of volumetric CT- scanners has been introduced into clinical practice. Reducing the radiation dose for coronary calcium screening to the minimum values (less than 1 mSv) is one of the important advantages of volumetric  computed tomography. Currently, new studies are needed to assess  the reproducibility of coronary calcium index calculation using a new  generation of volumetric CT-scanners.
Morphological and Functional Changes in the Brain in the Long-Term Period after On-Pump Cabg
Authors: Portnov Yu. M. , Semenov S. E. , Korotkevich A. A. , Milinevskiy N. I.
Published: February 2019

Purpose: evaluation of brain substance’s morphological state and dynamics of cerebral tissue perfusion in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery compared preoperative and late postoperative period.

Materials and methods. The study included 14 male patients who underwent on-pump CABG surgery. CT and PCT with intravenous bolus radiopaque drug in the cubital vein conducted to all patients in the preoperative period. Cranio-ventricular index, width III ventricle was measured. The presence and degree leukoaraiosis, the presence of cysts, areas of gliosis, CBF, CBV, TTP in symmetric cortical and subcortical regions was recorded. CT and PCT repeat after 5 years.

Results.In preoperative period III ventricle width was 6.8 ± 1.4 mm; cranio-ventricular index = 4.9 ± 1.3. It were found cysts on the level of the basal ganglia in two cases (14%). Leukoaraiosis detected in four patients (28%). PCT in the preoperative period noted the absence of blood flow asymmetry, reducing blood flow to the frontal lobes, in the area of the junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Significant expansion of the III ventricle 8.5 ± 2.5 mm, reducing cranio-ventricular index 3.6 ± 0.5, increasing the number of cysts and glial changes in 6 (43%) cases,  leukoaraiosis in 8 (57%) cases, a significant increase in TTP in the index of the thalamus (11.5 ± 2.1 sec) was determined after the operation.

Conclusions.Сhronic cerebral ischemia revealed progression of  manifestations in the late postoperative period in patients  undergoing on-pump CABG. The identified changes are not a direct  result of on-pump CABG, because similar changes observed in  patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the microvasculature and  damage the blood-brain barrier and also in patients without cardiac surgery.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Delayed Contrast Enhancement in Atrial Fibrillation: First Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Aparina O. P. , Stukalova O. V. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: February 2019

Current paper reviews new opportunities in none invasive evaluation  of the left atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation using late gadolinium  enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. The first use of this  technology in clinical practice is discussed. In a group of prospective  studies it has been shown that structural atrial remodeling can  influence the clinical course of atrial fibrillation and the efficiency of  arrhythmia treatment. Several groups of national and European  experts in morphology and MRI studies in a consensus suggest  introduction of a new term fibrous atrial cardiomyopathy or fibrous  cardiomyopathy of atrii, representing the structural and functional pathology of atrii, of clinical value in atrial fibrillation. These data  make evidence for possibly wide noninvasive MRI studies of  cardiovascular out-patients in order to make obvious the structure of atrial myocardium and atrial anatomy as a whole. Progress in MRI technologies of heart studies provides the possibility of imaging of  thin atrial myocardium both in patients with primarily documented  atrial fibrillation and in persons after interventional treatment of the arrhythmia. There are reasons to expect that LGE MRI data  regarding atrial structure in atrial fibrillation are in a position to  provide in a nearest future the improvement of management of such patients.
Evaluation of Left Atrial Anatomy and Function using Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gurina V. I. , Kondrat’ev E. V. , Revishvily A. Sh. , Alimurzaeva M. Z.
Published: February 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Сatheter ablation (CA) of arrhythmogenic foci is supposed to be an established treatment option for symptomatic  patients with AF, refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy. Pre-procedural imaging is indispensable for the assessment of left atrium,  pulmonary veins and adjacent anatomy, and facilitates selection of  the ablation strategy to achieve an optimal result and minimize the risk of complications.

Purpose: to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced MDCT in  patients with AF; also to present the prospects for further  development of this method according to the systemic review of world research data.

Materials and methods. 140 free access articles requested as  “MDCT left atrium”, “MDCT pulmonary veins”, “MDCT atrial  appendage” from 01.2009 until 01.2017 were analyzed in PubMed,  as well as a number of Russianlanguage articles in eLibrary.

Results.This literature review reports and systematizes available  data on epidemiology and mechanisms of AF, represents current  classification. In addition were analyzed advantages of MDCT over  other methods of visualization while planning the CA and follow-up.

Conclusion.MDCT is precise, effective and accessible option, which  satisfies visualization requirements during the preparation for CA.  Moreover, using MDCT in combination with electro-mapping systems  increases safety and effectiveness of the procedure. In postoperative period MDCT can be used for complications diagnostic and results assessment.
Computed Tomography in the Detection Hepatic Calcification Hemangioma
Authors: Kotlyarov P. M. , Egorova E. V.
Published: February 2019

The purpose: the estimation of a computed tomography(CT) signs of hepatic calcification hemangioma. 

Material and  methods. Retrospectively results of CT with bolus contrast  enhancement for examination hepatic calcified lesions of the 36  patients were analyzed. 

Results. As a basis for the retrospective  analysis, the semiotic signs of patients, in which the hemangioma calcification developed during the dynamic CT  monitoring, were used. As shown by the analysis, the center of  calcification in combination with the cloisonne structures leading the arterial vessel, the decrease in the area of the focal lesion in the portovenous phase due to the vascular structures along the periphery of the focus are the criteria of calcified  hemangioma. In 11 of 36 patients, calcified foci in the liver turned out to be hemangiomas.

Conclusion. More than 30% calcifications in the liver detected at CT can be calcification hemangioma.
Eighth Edition of the International TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors of the Liver
Authors: Shchegolev A. I. , Tumanova U. N. , Karmazanovsky G. G.
Published: February 2019

New criteria for T, N and M categories and characteristics of the stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are presented in the eighth edition of the international TNM classification of malignant tumors in 2017. The differences of this classification from the previous seventh edition of 2009 are noted, due to the receipt of new data on the survival of patients. The main characteristics of the primary tumor remained its size, the number of nodes and the presence of vascular invasion.
Clinical Case of Urothelial Carcinoma with Implantation Metastasis
Authors: Stepanova Yu. A. , Morozova M. V. , Teplov A. A. , Gritskevich A. A. , Pyanikin S. S. , Zotikov A. E. , Dunaev S. А. , Yashina N. I. , Ratnikova N. K.
Published: February 2019

Urothelial cancer ranks 4th in the prevalence of malignant tumors after prostate cancer (or mammary glands), lung and colorectal cancer. Urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract is quite rare and accounts for 5–10% of all cases of urothelial cancer. The leading clinical symptom of cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter is hematuria. Metastasis of tumors of the upper urinary tract is observed quite often. Metastasis of the tumor can be carried out lymphogenically into the para-aortic and parailiac lymph nodes, hematogenous to the liver, lungs, and bones. In addition, urothelial cancer often spreads through the urinary tract mucosa, mainly in the caudal direction. Currently, multidetector computer urography is considered the gold standard for examining the upper urinary tract, taking the place of excretory urography. This study should be performed under optimal conditions, especially with the inclusion of the excretory phase. It is necessary to perform scanning in a spiral mode (with a step of 1 millimeter) before and after the contrast medium. Clinical case of a patient with urethral carcinoma with implantation metastases in the ureter and in the bladder is presented.
DUAL-ENERGY CT WITH XENON IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG PATHOLOGY. FIRST DATA
Authors: Karpov O. E. , Bronov O. Yu. , Kitaev V. M. , Vetshev P. S. , Pikhuta D. A. , Fillippov Yu. A.
Published: February 2019

Routine diagnostic methods have limitations in terms of predicting the ventilation function of the lungs before and after surgery. It was decided to investigate the possibilities of dual-energy CT (DECT) using xenon in assessment of lung ventilation function.

Objective: to master the methods of examination of patients with pulmonary pathology, evaluate the possibility of justifying the volume of operative intervention and prediction of postoperative lung function based on the hybrid images.

Materials and methods. For the study, 12 patients with different pulmonary pathologies were selected (COPD – 5, lung cancer – 4, bronchiectasis – 3). Results. It was found that the use of DECT with xenon reflects the functional state of lung tissue.

Conclusions. DECT with xenon have potential for planning surgical intervention and introducing the method into modern protocols of preoperative preparation.
UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA: MORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Stepanova Yu. A. , Prokofieva A. V. , Dunaev S. A. , Glotov A. V. , Morozovz M. V. , Gritskevich A. A. , Teplov А. А.
Published: February 2019

Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the urothelium mucosa and can be detected both in the upper parts of the urinary tract (renal and pelvic system and ureter) and in the lower parts (bladder and urethra). Urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract (UCUUT) is quite rare and accounts for 5–10% of all cases of urothelial cancer. UCUUT remains completely unexplored, having to date two equal theories of origin. Despite the modern radiology and endoscopic equipment, in view of the meager and sufficiently generalized  clinical manifestations (similar to other diseases), especially at the initial stages of the disease, it is necessary to constantly improve diagnostic methods for detecting the disease as early as possible. Already today, thanks to new technologies for diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to identify the disease at different stages and extend life to patients with UCUUT. The article presents data on morphology, clinic, diagnostics and modern methods of treatment of this pathology.
ISOLATED SPLENIC METASTASIS IN A PATIENT WITH ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Antyukhova I. A. , Medvedeva B. M. , Lukyanchenko A. B.
Published: February 2019

Esthesioneuroblastoma is included in the group of rare malignant neuroectodermal tumors. Since 1924 up to the present, around 1,000 cases of this tumor have been detected worldwide, with only one case of splenic metastasis in a patient with esthesioneuroblastoma described. We present yet another clinical observation of splenic metastasis in a patient with esthesioneuroblastoma (nasal cavity tumor).
TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: METHODOLOGY, INDICATIONS, OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Kadyrova M. V. , Ilyina M. V. , Arbekova P. V. , Stepanova Yu. A.
Published: February 2019

With transthoracic echocardiography, many pathologies can certainly be seen, but in a number of cases, due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient (thick layer of subcutaneous fat, large breast size in women, lung disease, chest deformation, etc.) hearts can not be fully explored. The use of a transoesophageal sensor can overcome all these difficulties. The review highlights the methodology, indications, and possibilities of transesophageal echocardiogram in the main heart diseases (coronary heart disease, congenital and acquired heart defects, arrhythmias) and acute pathological conditions (acute dissection of the aorta, air embolism).
NON-INVASIVE FFR DERIVED FROM STANDARD ACQUIRED CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (CTA) DATASETS (FFRCT) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD): FIRST DATA OF CLINICAL USE. COMPARISON WITH INVASIVE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Pershina E. S. , Sinitsin V. E. , Mershina E. A. , Arkhipova I. M. , Semitko S. P. , Ivanov V. A.
Published: February 2019

Objectives: to determine the diagnostic performance of non-invasive FFR derived from standard acquired coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) datasets (FFRCT) for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods.Prospective study included 16 patients ((m/f – 13/3 mean age 47.8 ± 2.3 years) with CAD and coronary stenosis 40–75% lumen reduction. Coronary CTA was performed prior to ICA with invasive FFR measurement. FFRCT was calculated and interpreted in a blinded fashion by an independent Core Laboratory (HeartFlow, USA). Results were compared to invasively measured FFR, with ischemia defined as FFRCT or FFR ≤ 0.80.

Results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI) for FFCT was 0.90. Per-vessel sensitivity and specificity to identify myocardial ischemia were 91% and 89% for FFRCT.

Conclusion.FFRCT provides high diagnostic accuracy, and discrimination for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant CAD with invasive FFR as the reference standard.