bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constance Naden’s Philosophical Poetry
Authors: Alarabi Nour
Published: November 2012

The recent movement to revise and revive the works of nineteenth‐century women poets had led to the rediscovery of the works of a Victorian botanist, geologist, philosopher, poet and atheist Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden. Most contemporary readings of Naden’s poetry are based on a feminist approach. This sometimes leads to regarding the philosophy that lied behind composing them as complementary to what is considered to be the main topic of her poetry: the position of a Victorian woman poet and philosopher in patriarchal nineteenth‐century England. Naden’s poetic legacy consists of only two collections of poems. Despite the fact that she completely stopped writing poetry in the year 1886 to dedicate herself fully to philosophical pursuits, her verses, however, suggest that composing poetry was not merely a pastime activity. Although it ranked second to science and philosophy, she still used her poetry in many instances to spread philosophical and scientific awareness in the face of religious beliefs and superstitions. This article aims to illustrate the eminence of philosophy, especially Naden’s own theory of Hylo‐Idealism, in her poetry, and the significant role her poetry played towards achieving Naden’s ultimate goal of illuminating the minds of Victorian women as well as men.
Chemical Optimization of Protein Extraction from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Peel
Authors: Maloney Katherine P. , Truong Van‐Den , Allen Jonathan C.
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  Proteins isolated from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) have been shown to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. The objective of this study was to chemically optimize a process for extracting proteins from sweet potato peel. The extraction procedure involved mixing peel with saline solvent to dissolve proteins and then precipitating with CaCl2. Quadratic and segmented models were used to determine the optimum NaCl concentration and peel to solvent ratio to maximize protein solubility while minimizing solvent usage. A segmented model was also used to optimize the concentration of CaCl2 used for precipitation. The highest yield was obtained by mixing blanched peelings with 59.7 mL of 0.025 mM NaCl per g peel and then precipitating with 6.8 mM CaCl2. The results of this study show that potentially valuable proteins can be extracted from peel generated during processing of sweet potatoes and industrial costs can be minimized by using these optimum conditions.

Practical Application:  Potentially valuable proteins can be extracted from sweet potato peel, a waste product of sweet potato processing.
Emerging Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Control of Shoot Apical Meristem FunctionF
Authors: Di Giacomo Elisabetta , Serino Giovanna , Frugis Giovanna
Published: November 2012

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a population of undifferentiated cells at the tip of the shoot axis that establishes early during plant embryogenesis and gives rise to all shoot organs throughout the plant's life. A plethora of different families of transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in establishing the equilibrium between cell differentiation and stem cell maintenance in the SAM. Fine tuning of these regulatory proteins is crucial for a proper and fast SAM response to environmental and hormonal cues, and for development progression. One effective way to rapidly inactivate TFs involves regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS). However, a possible role of UPS‐dependent protein degradation in the regulation of key SAM TFs has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we summarize recent evidence supporting a role for the UPS in SAM maintenance and function. We integrate this survey with an in silico analysis of publicly‐available microarray databases which identified ubiquitin ligases that are expressed in specific areas within the SAM, suggesting that they may regulate or act downstream of meristem‐specific factors.

image

[ Giovanna Frugis (Corresponding author)]
Identification of SUMO Targets by a Novel Proteomic Approach in PlantsF
Authors: López‐Torrejón Gema , Guerra Davide , Catalá Rafael , Salinas Julio , del Pozo Juan C.
Published: November 2012

Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) chemically and physically alter the properties of proteins, including their folding, subcellular localization, stability, activity, and consequently their function. In spite of their relevance, studies on PTMs in plants are still limited. Small Ubiquitin‐like Modifier (SUMO) modification regulates several biological processes by affecting protein‐protein interactions, or changing the subcellular localizations of the target proteins. Here, we describe a novel proteomic approach to identify SUMO targets that combines 2‐D liquid chromatography, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. We have applied this approach to identify nuclear SUMO targets in response to heat shock. Using a bacterial SUMOylation system, we validated that some of the targets identified here are, in fact, labeled with SUMO1. Interestingly, we found that GIGANTEA (GI), a photoperiodic‐pathway protein, is modified with SUMO in response to heat shock both in vitro and in vivo.
Suppression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma growth by inhibition of Jagged1 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Tong‐han , Liu Hai‐chao , Liang Yu‐jie , Liang Li‐zhong , Zheng Guang‐sen , Huang Hong‐zhang , Wu Ji‐nan , Liao Gui‐qing
Published: November 2012

Background

The changes in Notch signaling are closely related to the occurrence and development of many cancers. We have investigated Notch signaling receptor and its ligand expressions in TSCC cell lines, tissues and its significance. We clarified Notch signaling pathway in TSCC and its mechanism. We regulated Notch signaling pathway of tumor cells, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Methods

We detected Jagged1 protein and mRNA expression levels in specimens (tongue cancer and adjacent tissues) from 74 patients with tongue cancer and in TSCC cell line. The Jagged1‐targeted lentiviral vector RNAi system was constructed, and its suppressive effects on the proliferation and invasion of tongue carcinoma cells in in vivo and ex vivo were determined.

Results

Jagged1 was expressed in tongue squamous cell cancer tissues and cell line, but there were differences in its expression. Jagged1 was knocked down and the tumor growth was inhibited accompanying cell cycle changes. Animal studies also showed that the tumor growth was inhibited.

Conclusions

Jagged1 may be involved in the differentiation and proliferation of tongue cancer. Targeting Jagged1 RNA interference lentiviral vector can effectively lower Jagged1 mRNA and protein expression levels of Tca8113 cells, thereby preventing the proliferation of TSCC cells. Jagged1 is expected to be a promising new target for curing tongue cancer. In‐depth study of the interaction between Jagged1 and other molecules of Notch signaling pathway in the process of carcinogenesis has important theoretical guidance and clinical significance in revealing the mechanism of Jagged1 and its application in the therapy for tongue cancer.
Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, and Skilled Labour Demand in Eastern Europe
Authors: Bruno Giovanni S. F. , Crinò Rosario , Falzoni Anna M.
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we study the effects of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade on relative skilled labour demand in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Our estimates show significant heterogeneity in the FDI effect across the three economies: the effect is always significantly positive for Hungary, weakly negative for Poland, and negligible for the Czech Republic. As to trade, we find much more homogeneity in coefficient estimates, which are generally negative for all countries, although significant only in the case of Hungary.
Evaluating the ability of Bayesian clustering methods to detect hybridization and introgression using an empirical red wolf data set
Authors: Bohling Justin H. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P.
Published: November 2012

Bayesian clustering methods have emerged as a popular tool for assessing hybridization using genetic markers. Simulation studies have shown these methods perform well under certain conditions; however, these methods have not been evaluated using empirical data sets with individuals of known ancestry. We evaluated the performance of two clustering programs,bapsandstructure, with genetic data from a reintroduced red wolf (Canis rufus) population in North Carolina, USA. Red wolves hybridize with coyotes (C. latrans), and a single hybridization event resulted in introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population. A detailed pedigree has been reconstructed for the wild red wolf population that includes individuals of 50–100% red wolf ancestry, providing an ideal case study for evaluating the ability of these methods to estimate admixture. Using 17 microsatellite loci, we tested the programs using different training set compositions and varying numbers of loci.structurewas more likely thanbapsto detect an admixed genotype and correctly estimate an individual's true ancestry composition. However,structurewas more likely to misclassify a pure individual as a hybrid. Both programs were outperformed by a maximum‐likelihood‐based test designed specifically for this system, which never misclassified a hybrid (50–75% red wolf) as a red wolf or vice versa. Training set composition and the number of loci both had an impact on accuracy but their relative importance varied depending on the program. Our findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating methods used for detecting admixture in the context of endangered species management.
THE ECONOMICS OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION
Authors: WANG CHENGGANG , NAIR SHYAM
Published: November 2012

Abstract Natural resource economists have paid great attention to irrigation water allocations among competing users. However, the intrauser allocation problem is greatly understudied. As irrigation becomes increasingly capital‐intensive, inefficient within‐field allocation and ill‐designed water‐conservation policy can bring considerable value loss to the water resource. We offer a comprehensive treatment of the economic problem of the intrauser allocation of a limited amount of irrigation water. A framework is provided for determining optimal irrigation intensity and extensity in both static and dynamic settings. An empirical application in West Texas cotton production demonstrates model implementation and offers new insights into the water‐saving potential of government‐sponsored cost‐share programs for promoting high‐efficiency irrigation adoption.
Predictors of neurological outcome in cooled neonates
Authors: Li Jingang , Funato Masahisa , Tamai Hiroshi , Wada Hiroshi , Nishihara Masato , Iwamoto Hirotaka , Okazaki Yoko , Shintaku Haruo
Published: November 2012

Background

We define clinical predictors of neurological outcome in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy undergoing hypothermia therapy.

Methods

Twenty‐one neonates who underwent selective head cooling between 2004 and 2010 and were followed neurologically for ≥24 months were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided according to the neurological outcome at 2 years of age into group A (n = 11), patients with normal neurological function, and group B (n = 10), patients with neurological disabilities (n = 9) or those who died (n = 1). Predictors were determined by χ2 and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, anova, Spearman rank correlations and receiver–operator curves.

Results

Group B showed higher average blood lactate levels during the first day, particularly at 24 h of life; lower day‐3 cerebral blood flow resistance index; higher maximum dobutamine dose used; higher rate of thiamylal sodium used; more severe background electroencephalogram suppression during the first week (group A: 11/11 cases ≤ grade 3; group B: 7/9 cases at grade 4–5) and higher rate of cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in the second week (group A: 1/11 case; group B: 9/10 cases) than group A. The most useful predictor of poor prognosis was cerebral parenchymal lesions on magnetic resonance imaging with 90%, 90% and 90% of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, followed by week‐1 background electroencephalogram ≥ grade 4 with 70%, 100% and 85% and day‐3 cerebral blood flow resistance index < 0.46 with 71%, 88% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusions

Prediction of post‐cooling neurological outcome could be improved substantially by evaluating multiple factors.
Solutions to Diffusion-Wave Equation in a Body with a Spherical Cavity under Dirichlet Boundary Condition
Authors: POVSTENKO Yuriy
Published: November 2012

Solutions to time-fractional diffusion-wave equation with a source term in spherical coordinates are obtained for an infinite medium with a spherical cavity. The solutions are found using the Laplace transform with respect to time t, the finite Fourier transform with respect to the angular coordinate Ï•, the Legendre transform with respect to the spatial coordinate μ, and the Weber transform of the order n+1/2 with respect to the radial coordinate r. In the central symmetric case with one spatial coordinate r the obtained resultscoincide with those studied earlier.
Refined Modeling and Free Vibration of Inextensional Beams on the Elastic Foundation
Authors: Wang Lianhua , Ma Jianjun , Zhao Yueyu , Liu Qijian
Published: November 2012

In this study, the nonlinear equation of motion of the beam on the elastic foundation is obtained via the Newton's second law of motion, and its free vibration nature is investigated. Considering the inextensional condition, the planar model of the beam accounting for the effects of the rotary inertia is derived. Then, the linear vibration and nonlinear vibration of the beam on the elastic foundation are examined. It is shown that the cut-off frequency can be observed in the frequency spectrum of the beam response. The effects of the rotary inertia on the natural frequencies are systematically investigated. Finally, the frequency differences, due to the different foundation models, and the possible modal interaction of the beam are discussed.
Genome Sequence of Canine Parvovirus Strain SC02/2011, Isolated from a Puppy with Severe Diarrhea in South China
Authors: Ju Chunmei , Cheng Yi , Ji Yikuan , Wang Yu , Sun Leilei , Huang Jiaxin
Published: November 2012

A widespread hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in young dogs occurred in South China. A virulent field canine parvovirus (CPV) strain, SC02/2011, was isolated from a puppy showing enteric signs in Guangdong, China. The genome of CPV strain SC02/2011 was sequenced and analyzed, which will promote a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of CPV field isolates in South China.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Mink Calicivirus in China
Authors: Yang Bochao , Wang Fengxue , Zhang Shuqin , Xu Guicai , Wen Yongjun , Li Jianxi , Yang Zhiqiang , Wu Hua
Published: November 2012

We report the complete genome sequence of a novel calicivirus isolated from a diseased mink in China. The complete viral genome is approximately 8.4 kb in length and consists of three open reading frames. The availability of the complete genome sequence is helpful for further investigation into the molecular characteristics and epidemiology of calicivirus in mink.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Amur Virus Isolated from Apodemus peninsulae in Northeastern China
Authors: Yao Li-Si , Zhao Hui , Shao Li-Jun , Liu Yong-Xian , Zhang Xiao-Long , Wang Jing , Deng Yong-Qiang , Li Xiao-Feng , Hu Kong-Xin , Qin Cheng-Feng , Xu Bao-Liang
Published: November 2012

Amur virus was recently identified as the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Here we report the complete genome sequence of an Amur virus isolated from
Apodemus peninsulae
in Northeastern China. The sequence information provided here is critical for the molecular epidemiology and evolution of Amur virus in China.
Complete Genome Sequence of the English Isolate of Rat Cytomegalovirus (
Murid Herpesvirus 8
)
Authors: Ettinger Jakob , Geyer Henriette , Nitsche Andreas , Zimmermann Albert , Brune Wolfram , Sandford Gordon R. , Hayward Gary S. , Voigt Sebastian
Published: November 2012

The complete genome of the English isolate of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV-E) was determined. RCMV-E has a 202,946-bp genome with noninverting repeats but without terminal repeats. Thus, it differs significantly in size and genomic arrangement from closely related rodent cytomegaloviruses (CMVs). To account for the differences between the rat CMV isolates of Maastricht and England, RCMV-E was classified as
Murid herpesvirus 8
by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Complete Genome Sequence of Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain GD-1 in China
Authors: Wei Zhong-yan , Lu Wen-hui , Li Zhi-li , Mo Jian-yue , Zeng Xi-duo , Zeng Zhi-liang , Sun Bao-li , Chen Feng , Xie Qing-Mei , Bee Ying-zuo , Ma Jing-yun
Published: November 2012

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, which causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in suckling piglets, has become a serious problem for the swine industry of China in recent years. In this study, a virulent PEDV strain, GD-1, was obtained from fecal samples from suckling piglets that suffered from severe diarrhea in 2011 in Guangdong, China. Here we describe the complete genome sequence of strain GD-1, which may be helpful in further understanding the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PEDV field isolates in China.
Genome Sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii Myovirus vB_CsaM_GAP31
Authors: Abbasifar Reza , Kropinski Andrew M. , Sabour Parviz M. , Ackermann Hans-Wolfgang , Alanis Villa Argentina , Abbasifar Arash , Griffiths Mansel W.
Published: November 2012

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a pathogen that predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals, especially infants, where it causes meningitis. The genome of lytic
C. sakazakii
myovirus vB_CsaM_GAP31 has been fully sequenced. It consists of 147,940 bp and has a G+C content of 46.3%. A total of 295 genes, including 269 open reading frames and 26 tRNA genes, were identified. This phage is related to
Salmonella
phage PVP-SE1 and coliphages vB_EcoM-FV3 and rV5.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NM1 Strain from Northern China
Authors: Li Zhenguang , Leng Xue , Qi Qiaoling , Wang Fengxue , Wen Yongjun , Tan Bin , He Yanliang , Xia Mingqi , Lu Wei , Chen Lizhi , Cheng Shipeng , Wu Hua
Published: November 2012

NM1 is a highly pathogenic North American-type porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The complete genome sequence shows that NM1 shares high sequence identity (99.2 to 99.4%) to other HP-PRRSV isolates, containing two discontinuous deletions, a 1-amino-acid deletion at position 481 and a 29-amino-acid deletion at positions 533 to 651, in nonstructural protein 2.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 3 Identified in Eastern China
Authors: Xu Qian , Zhang Ruihua , Chen Linlin , Yang Lei , Li Jingxin , Dou Pengfei , Wang Hui , Xie Zhijing , Wang Yu , Jiang Shijin
Published: November 2012

We report here the complete genome sequence of a novel duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) isolated from a dead Cherry Valley duckling in eastern China. The whole genomic nucleotide sequence and polyprotein amino acid sequence of the virus had higher homology with those of Chinese DHAV-3 isolates, medium homology with those of Korean DHAV-3 isolates, and the lowest homology with those of Vietnamese isolate DN2. The result indicated that the genetic evolution of DHAV-3 isolates had obvious geographical features.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Subgenotype VIId Newcastle Disease Virus Circulating Predominantly in Chickens in China
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Shouping , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Guozhong
Published: November 2012

At least 11 genotypes of class II viruses have been identified since the discovery of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in 1926. Here, we reported the complete genome sequence of a prevalent NDV variant from China, belonging to subgenotype VIId in class II. The similar viruses have been the predominant strains circulating in China for the past decade, which occupied over 80% of Chinese prevalent strains and were phylogenetically different from currently available vaccines.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Vero Cell-Adapted Isolate of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Eastern China
Authors: Zhao Mengjiao , Sun Zhen , Zhang Yue , Wang Guisheng , Wang Hui , Yang Fangfang , Tian Fulin , Jiang Shijin
Published: November 2012

In early 2012, a widespread porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) occurred in eastern China. A cell-adapted isolate, SD-M, was at the four-passage level of virulent field strain SD, which was isolated from a 2-day-old dead suckling piglet that had suffered from severe diarrhea in Shandong Province, China. We report here the complete genome sequence of SD-M. This sequence will promote a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PEDV.
Complete Genomic Sequences of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus G1 Strains Isolated in the European Rabbit Original Range
Authors: Abrantes Joana , Lopes Ana M. , Esteves Pedro J.
Published: November 2012

The complete genomic sequences of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) strains isolated in 1995 (CB137) and 2006 (CB194) from wild European rabbits from Portugal are described. The strains were isolated in the original range of the European rabbit and assigned to genogroup 1 (G1), which is known to have persisted only in the Iberian Peninsula. ORF2 of isolate CB137 might encode a shorter minor structural protein, VP10.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Circovirus 2b Strain Shandong
Authors: Xu Shaojian , Li Jun , Yuan Xiaoyuan , Wang Guisheng , Shi Jianli , Wu Jiaqiang , Cong Xiaoyan , Sun Wenbo , Du Yijun , Chai Tongjie , Wang Jinbao
Published: November 2012

Shandong is a porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b) strain that was isolated and purified from tissue samples from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the Shandong Province of China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain Shandong, which may aid in understanding the molecular characteristics of this strain.
Heterotopic pregnancy: should we instrument the uterus at laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Yamoah Kofi Kwenu , Girn Zeenie
Published: November 2012

The coexistence of intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy (heterotopic pregnancy) occurs in 1/30 000 of spontaneous pregnancies. However, it is getting more common at 1/900 in clomiphene citrate-induced pregnancies and rises to 1% in assisted reproduction. It is a potentially life-threatening condition with diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Our patient is a 40-year-old who has been trying to get pregnant for 3 years. A planned non-instrumentation of the uterus at laparoscopy despite clear signs of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy has given her a chance of a continuing intrauterine pregnancy. With the increasing number of in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfers, the incidence of heterotopic pregnancies is also increasing, hence issues discussed here is whether the uterus should be instrumented at all during laparoscopy in early pregnancy and misdiagnosis with its sequel.
Occlusion of the artery of Percheron: an unusual cause of bilateral stroke
Authors: Anderson Clare , O'Brien Richard
Published: November 2012

The artery of Percheron is a rare anatomical variant whereby a single vessel arising from the proximal segment of one posterior cerebral artery supplies both medial thalami. This is a rare example of a single arterial supply to brain structures on both sides of the midline. Occlusion of the artery of Percheron results in bilateral medial thalamic infarction, which is manifest clinically as gaze paresis, cognitive disturbance and altered consciousness. The presentation can mimic subarachnoid haemorrhage, drug intoxication, encephalitis and other inflammatory or infective conditions. The presentation is similar to the ‘top of the basilar syndrome’ and early recognition should prompt further investigation for underlying stroke aetiologies and consideration can be given to thrombolysis if vascular occlusion can be confirmed.
Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from non-cystic fibrosis patients in Thailand
Authors: Poonsuk Kanchana , Tribuddharat Chanwit , Chuanchuen Rungtip
Published: November 2012

This study aimed to examine aminoglycosides (AMGs) resistance mechanisms, including the AMG-modifying enzyme genes, mexXY, rplY, nuoG, and galU, in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa non-cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates in Thailand. One hundred P. aeruginosa isolates from non-CF patients were examined for susceptibility to AMGs and for the presence of 10 AMG-modifying enzyme genes. Thirty randomly selected isolates were tested for transcription of mexXY and nuoG and mutations in rplY and galU. All the P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited simultaneous resistance to at least 4 AMGs. High resistance rates to amikacin (92%), gentamicin (95%), streptomycin (99%), and tobramycin (96%) were observed, and all isolates were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin. Nine AMG-modifying enzyme genes were detected, including aadA1 (84%), aadB (84%), aadA2 (67%), ant(2″)-Ia (72%), strA-strB (70%), aph(3′)-IIb (57%), aac(3′)-Ia (40%), and aac(6′)-IIa (27%). None of the isolates harbored aac(6′)-IIb. Of 30 isolates tested, all but 1 isolate expressed MexXY. Two isolates did not express nuoG. Six isolates carried an amino acid change in RplY, but none of the isolates harbored mutation in galU. The results indicated that the AMG-modifying enzyme genes were widespread among the P. aeruginosa non-CF isolates. The MexXY efflux pump and inactivation for rplY played a role in AMG resistance but disruption of nuoG or galU did not.
Dietary segregation between two cohabiting species of sparrows revealed with stable isotope analysis
Authors: Hipfner J.M. , Addison B. , Charette M.R.
Published: November 2012

Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca (Merrem, 1786)) and Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)) cohabit on many islands along the Pacific coast of North America, and previous studies suggest that they rely on similar prey types. We used δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis on blood collected from breeding adults of both species in each of two habitats on Triangle Island, British Columbia, Canada, to test the hypothesis that the two species exhibit a consistent pattern (direction) of dietary segregation in different habitat types. Both δ13C and especially δ15N values differed between habitats, indicating that the two habitats were isotopically distinct. As predicted, δ15N values differed consistently between the two species in the two habitats, averaging ∼1.5‰ higher in the smaller Song Sparrow than in the larger Fox Sparrow in both. We infer that Song Sparrows included more animal matter and less plant matter in their diets than Fox Sparrows, and suggest that fixed traits related to body size might underlie the dietary (trophic) differences. In contrast, δ13C values did not differ between species. We conclude that dietary segregation could help to facilitate the widespread cohabitation of these two species of sparrows.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THRESHOLD DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRACTION OF COMPOSITE SIGNALS AGAINST AMBIENT NOISES IN UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION USING EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION
Authors: MURUGAN S. SAKTHIVEL , NATARAJAN V.
Published: November 2012

Acoustic signals transmitted in underwater for distance communication are affected by numerous factors, random events, and corrupted with ambient noise, making them nonlinear and nonstationary in nature. Ambient noises are the background acoustic noises in the sea due to natural and manmade sources like wind, rain, seismic, marine species, harbor activities, motor on the boat, ship traffic, etc. In recent years, the application of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique to analyze nonlinear and nonstationary signals has gained importance. In this paper an EMD system is proposed with an algorithm by implementing FFT to identify and extract all the acoustic stationary signals available in the underwater channel that are corrupted due to various ambient noises over a range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz in shallow water region. Further a new threshold detection technique is also incorporated in the algorithm for detection and extraction of composite signals that are not extracted properly. The threshold is calculated using the mean and variance of the noisy signal generated by various ambient noises in the ocean. The algorithm is also validated by transmitting three reference acoustic signals. The proposed EMD approach with threshold detector algorithm identifies and extracts all the signals transmitted along with other stationary signals available in the ocean against various ambient noises.
Comment on “Common Fixed Point Theorems for Commutating Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces”
Authors: Shen Yonghong , Chen Wei , Wang Sanfu
Published: November 2012

In the recent paper “common fixed point theorems for commutating mappings in fuzzy metric spaces,” the authors proved that a common fixed point theorem for commutating mappings in G‐complete fuzzy metric spaces and gave an example to illustrate the main result. In this note, we point out that the above example is incorrect because it does not satisfy the condition of G‐completeness, and then two appropriate examples are given. In addition, we prove that the theorem proposed by Zheng and Lian actually holds in an M‐complete fuzzy metric space. Our results improve and extend some existing results in the relevant literature.
An Approach for Network Outage Detection from Drive-Testing Databases
Authors: Turkka Jussi , Chernogorov Fedor , Brigatti Kimmo , Ristaniemi Tapani , Lempiäinen Jukka
Published: November 2012

A data-mining framework for analyzing a cellular network drive testing database is described in this paper. The presented method is designed to detect sleeping base stations, network outage, and change of the dominance areas in a cognitive and self-organizing manner. The essence of the method is to find similarities between periodical network measurements and previously known outage data. For this purpose, diffusion maps dimensionality reduction and nearest neighbor data classification methods are utilized. The method is cognitive because it requires training data for the outage detection. In addition, the method is autonomous because it uses minimization of drive testing (MDT) functionality to gather the training and testing data. Motivation of classifying MDT measurement reports to periodical, handover, and outage categories is to detect areas where periodical reports start to become similar to the outage samples. Moreover, these areas are associated with estimated dominance areas to detected sleeping base stations. In the studied verification case, measurement classification results in an increase of the amount of samples which can be used for detection of performance degradations, and consequently, makes the outage detection faster and more reliable.
Are Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Verbal Learning and Memory Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lancon Christophe , Dassa Daniel , Fernandez Jessica , Richieri Raphaelle , Padovani Romain , Boyer Laurent
Published: November 2012

Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships of cardiovascular risk factors with verbal learning and memory in patients with schizophrenia.
Methods and Design. cross-sectional study. Inclusion Criteria. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data Collection. Sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and episodic memory using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Analysis. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables that are potentially associated with verbal learning and memory. Results. One hundred and sixty-eight outpatients participated in our study. An association was found between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and memory impairment on measures of verbal learning, and short- and long-term memory. Among the different components of MeTS, hypertriglycerides, abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterol were the only factors associated with memory impairment. Alcohol dependence or abuse was associated with a higher rate of forgetting. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MetS and alcohol use may be linked with memory impairment in schizophrenia. These findings provide important insights into the interdependencies of cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive disorders and support novel strategies for treating and preventing cognitive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.
Characterization of the Chemical Kinetics in an O2/HMDSO RF Plasma for Material Processing
Authors: Barni Ruggero , Zanini Stefano , Riccardi Claudia
Published: November 2012

Experimental study of the plasma gas phase in low-pressure radiofrequency discharges of oxygen and hexamethyldisiloxane is presented. The plasma phase has been studied by means of optical emission spectroscopy. Mass spectroscopy of the neutral and of the charged species has been performed too, directly sampling the plasma gas phase, by a dedicated spectrometer. We also measured the ion energy distribution. We have studied the influence of the operating conditions on the plasma gas-phase composition which plays a primary role in the formation process of SiO2 films, which are known for their important applicative uses.
Solution of Nonlinear Elliptic Boundary Value Problemsand Its Iterative Construction
Authors: Wei Li , Duan Liling , Zhou Haiyun
Published: November 2012

We study a kind of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems with generalized
p‐Laplacian operator. The unique solution is proved to be existing and the relationship between this
solution and the zero point of a suitably defined nonlinear maximal monotone operator is investigated.
Moreover, an iterative scheme is constructed to be strongly convergent to the unique solution. The
work done in this paper is meaningful since it combines the knowledge of ranges for nonlinear operators,
zero point of nonlinear operators, iterative schemes, and boundary value problems together. Some new
techniques of constructing appropriate operators and decomposing the equations are employed, which
extend and complement some of the previous work.
Robot Navigation Control Based on Monocular Images: An Image Processing Algorithm for Obstacle Avoidance Decisions
Authors: Benn William , Lauria Stanislao
Published: November 2012

This paper covers the use of monocular vision to control autonomous navigation for a robot in a dynamically changing environment. The solution focused on using colour segmentation against a selected floor plane to distinctly separate obstacles from traversable space: this is then supplemented with canny edge detection to separate similarly coloured boundaries to the floor plane. The resulting binary map (where white identifies an obstacle‐free area and black identifies an obstacle) could then be processed by fuzzy logic or neural networks to control the robot’s next movements. Findings show that the algorithm performed strongly on solid coloured carpets, wooden, and concrete floors but had difficulty in separating colours in multicoloured floor types such as patterned carpets.
Probabilistic (Quasi)metric Versions for a Stability Result of Baker
Authors: Miheţ Dorel , Zaharia Claudia
Published: November 2012

By using the fixed point method, we obtain a version of a stability result of Baker in probabilistic metric and quasimetric spaces under triangular norms of Hadžić type. As an application, we prove a theorem regarding the stability of the additive Cauchy functional equation in random normed spaces.
Over Ten-Year Kidney Graft Survival Determinants
Authors: Guedes Anabela Malho , Malheiro Jorge , Fonseca Isabel , Martins La Salete , Pedroso Sofia , Almeida Manuela , Dias Leonídio , Castro Henriques António , Cabrita António
Published: November 2012

Kidney graft survival has been mainly evaluated using an up to 10-year threshold. Instead, in this study our aim was to evaluate predictive variables that impact long-term kidney graft survival (≥10 years). We enrolled 892 patients in our analysis: 638 patients with functioning graft at 10 years PT and 254 patients with graft failure at 10 years PT (considering patient death with a functioning graft <10 years PT as graft failure). Between groups comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney and chi-square test. To determine independent predictive variables for long-term graft survival a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was performed. Significant predictors of long term graft survival were lower 12-month PT creatinine (, ), lower donor age (, ), shorter time on dialysis (, ), recipient positive CMV IgG (, ), absence of AR episodes (, ), 0 to 1 (versus 2) HLA-B mismatch (, ), and recipients male gender (, ). Our results show that an early KT, younger donor age, and an optimal first year graft function are of paramount importance for long-term graft survival. Measures that address these issues (careful donor selection, preemptive KT, and effective immunosuppressive protocols) are still warranted.
Warped Wigner‐Hough Transform for Defect Reflection Enhancement in Ultrasonic Guided Wave Monitoring
Authors: De Marchi Luca , Baravelli Emanuele , Cera Giampaolo , Speciale Nicolò , Marzani Alessandro
Published: November 2012

To improve the defect detectability of Lamb wave inspection systems, the application of nonlinear signal processing was investigated. The approach is based on a Warped Frequency Transform (WFT) to compensate the dispersive behavior of ultrasonic guided waves, followed by a Wigner‐Ville time‐frequency analysis and the Hough Transform to further improve localization accuracy. As a result, an automatic detection procedure to locate defect‐induced reflections was demonstrated and successfully tested by analyzing numerically simulated Lamb waves propagating in an aluminum plate. The proposed method is suitable for defect detection and can be easily implemented for real‐world structural health monitoring applications.
Stability Analysis of a Variant of the Prony Method
Authors: Jaramillo Rodney , Lentini Marianela
Published: November 2012

Prony type methods are used in many engineering applications to determine the exponential fit corresponding to a dataset. In this paper we study a variant of Prony′s method that was used by Martín‐Landrove et al., in a process of segmentation of T2‐weighted MRI brain images. We show the equivalence between that method and the classical Prony method and study the stability of the computed solutions with respect to noise in the data set. In particular, we show that the relative error in the calculation of the exponential fit parameters is linear with respect to noise in the data. Our analysis is based on classical results from linear algebra, matrix computation theory, and the theory of stability for roots of polynomials.
A Two-Scale Approach for Lubricated Soft-Contact Modeling: An Application to Lip-Seal Geometry
Authors: Scaraggi Michele , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: November 2012

We consider the case of soft contacts in mixed lubrication conditions. We develop a novel, two scales contact algorithm in which the fluid- and asperity-asperity interactions are modeled within a deterministic or statistic scheme depending on the length scale at which those interactions are observed. In particular, the effects of large-scale roughness are deterministically calculated, whereas those of small-scale roughness are included by solving the corresponding homogenized problem. The contact scheme is then applied to the modeling of dynamic seals. The main advantage of the approach is the tunable compromise between the high-computing demanding characteristics of deterministic calculations and the much lower computing requirements of the homogenized solutions.
A Semiparametric Model for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection
Authors: Rosario Dalton
Published: November 2012

Using hyperspectral (HS) technology, this paper introduces an autonomous scene anomaly detection approach based on the asymptotic behavior of a semiparametric model under a multisample testing and minimum‐order statistic scheme. Scene anomaly detection has a wide range of use in remote sensing applications, requiring no specific material signatures. Uniqueness of the approach includes the following: (i) only a small fraction of the HS cube is required to characterize the unknown clutter background, while existing global anomaly detectors require the entire cube; (ii) the utility of a semiparematric model, where underlying distributions of spectra are not assumed to be known but related through an exponential function; (iii) derivation of the asymptotic cumulative probability of the approach making mistakes, allowing the user some control of probabilistic errors. Results using real HS data are promising for autonomous manmade object detection in difficult natural clutter backgrounds from two viewing perspectives: nadir and forward looking.
Recurrent CSPs after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Motor Cortex in Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen Aulikki , Lauerma Hannu , Kähkönen Seppo , Markkula Juha , Rimpiläinen Ilpo
Published: November 2012

Aims.The aim of this study was to investigate the motor control and central silent period (CSP) in restless legs syndrome (RLS).Methods.Transcranial magnetic stimulation was focused on the dominant and nondominant hemispheric areas of motor cortex in six subjects with RLS and six controls. The responses were recorded on the contralateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with intramuscular needle electrodes.Results.No significant differences were found in the motor conduction or central motor conduction time, in the latency, or in the duration of the CSPs between or within the groups, but multiple CSPs were observed in both groups. The number of the CSPs was significantly higher in both ADMs and in the dominant TA (P≤0.01) in the RLS group compared to the controls.Conclusion.Descending motor pathways functioned correctly in both groups. The occurrence of the recurrent CSPs predominantly in the RLS group could be a sign of a change of function in the inhibitory control system. Further research is needed to clarify the role of the intramuscular recording technique and especially the role of the subcortical generators in the feedback regulation of the central nervous system in RLS.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy as a Delayed Complication with a Herbicide Containing Glufosinate Ammonium in a Suicide Attempt: A Case Report
Authors: Tominaga Keiichiro , Izumi Manabu , Suzukawa Masayuki , Shinjo Takafumi , Izawa Yoshimitsu , Yonekawa Chikara , Ano Masaki , Yamashita Keisuke , Muronoi Tomohiro , Mochiduki Reiko
Published: November 2012

Background. Glufosinate ammonium has a famous delayed complication as respiratory failure, however, delayed cardiogenic complication is not well known.Objectives. The aim of this study is to report a takotsubo cardiomyopathy as a delayed complication of glufosinate ammonium for suicide attempt.Case Report. A 75-year-old woman ingested about 90 mL of Basta, herbicide for suicide attempt at arousal during sleep. She came to our hospital at twelve hours after ingesting. She was admitted to our hospital for fear of delayed respiratory failure. Actually, she felt down to respiratory failure, needing a ventilator with intubation at 20 hours after ingesting. Procedure around respiratory management had smoothly done with no delay. Her vital status had been stable, however, she felt down to circulatory failure and diagnosed as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy at about 41 hours after ingestion. There was no trigger activities or events to evoke mental and physical stresses.Conclusion. We could successfully manage takotsubo cardiomyopathy resulted in circulatory failure in a patient with glufosinate poisoning for suicide attempt. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be taken into consideration if circulatory failure is observed for unexplained reasons.
Natural Killer Cell Regulation by MicroRNAs in Health and Disease
Authors: Leong Jeffrey W. , Sullivan Ryan P. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: November 2012

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that are critical for normal host defense against infections and mediate antitumor immune responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the majority of cellular processes and pathways. Our understanding of how miRNAs regulate NK cells biology is limited, but recent studies have provided novel insight into their expression by NK cells, and how they contribute to the regulation of NK cell development, maturation, survival, and effector function. Here, we review the expression of miRNAs by NK cells, their contribution to cell intrinsic and extrinsic control of NK cell development and effector response, and their dysregulation in NK cell malignancies.
Robust Nash Dynamic Game Strategy for User Cooperation Energy Efficiency in Wireless Cellular Networks
Authors: Wen Shuhuan , Hu Baozhu , Rad Ahmad B. , Li Xinbin , Lu Huibin , Zhang Jianhua
Published: November 2012

Recently, there is an emerging trend of addressing “energy efficiency” aspect of wireless communications. It has been shown that cooperating users relay each other′s information to improve data rates. The energy is limited in the wireless cellular network, but the mobile users refuse to relay. This paper presents an approach that encourages user cooperation in order to improve the energy efficiency. The game theory is an efficient method to solve such conflicts. We present a cellular framework in which two mobile users, who desire to communicate with a common base station, may cooperate via decode‐and‐forward relaying. In the case of imperfect information assumption, cooperative Nash dynamic game is used between the two users′ cooperation to tackle the decision making problems: whether to cooperate and how to cooperate in wireless networks. The scheme based on “cooperative game theory” can achieve general pareto‐optimal performance for cooperative games, and thus, maximize the entire system payoff while maintaining fairness.
A Chaotic Attractor in Delayed Memristive System
Authors: Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai
Published: November 2012

Over the last three decades, theoretical design and circuitry implementation of various chaotic generators by simple electronic circuits have been a key subject of nonlinear science. In 2008, the successful development of memristor brings new activity for this research. Memristor is a new nanometre‐scale passive circuit element, which possesses memory and nonlinear characteristics. This makes it have a unique charm to attract many researchers’ interests. In this paper, memristor, for the first time, is introduced in a delayed system to design a signal generator to produce chaotic behaviour. By replacing the nonlinear function with memristors in parallel, the memristor oscillator exhibits a chaotic attractor. The simulated results demonstrate that the performance is well predicted by the mathematical analysis and supports the viability of the design.