bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual CT acquisition and reconstruction of complex and noisy scanning trajectories in aRTist
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Bellon Carsten ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Burger Karin ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Gollwitzer Christian
Published: April 2023

In modern CT imaging, simulation has become an important tool to minimize cost- and time-intensive measurements. It is increasingly used to optimize techniques for complex applications, to support the preparation of written procedures, and for educational purposes. We extended the CT simulation software ‘aRTist’ with a module to set-up arbitrary trajectories including disturbing influences during the scan. Moreover, such geometric deviations can be compensated by the internal reconstruction tool.
Comparison of X-ray computed tomography and immersion ultrasonic non-destructive testing techniques in the case of qualitative and quantitative assessment of brazing quality level
Authors:   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Jedrychowski Mariusz ,   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Garner Simon Adrian ,   European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Arnau Izquierdo Gonzalo
Published: April 2023

The main aim of this work is to juxtapose directly two non-destructive testing techniques used to evaluate quality of brazed joints between metallic parts, namely X-ray Computed Microtomography (μCT) and immersion ultrasonic inspection (UT). From a general point of view, the application of ultrasound is a more efficient way to assess information about brazing filling imperfections (shorter time needed to obtain results, lower cost of measurements). However, in cases when connected parts have specific shape or geometry that is unfavourable for the application of ultrasound, an alternative approach has to be used such as porosity analysis of 3D data obtained from μCT technique. Hence, both techniques were employed in order to analyse brazed interfaces between copper and stainless steel pipe fitting in eleven cylindrical samples. The proposed methodology as well as developed data processing algorithm and results obtained are presented in this study.
Combining a Computed Laminography Approach with Tomographic Analysis for a Study of Weld Joints
Authors:   Commissariat Energie Atomique (CEA), Costin Marius ,   Commissariat Energie Atomique (CEA), Vienne Caroline ,   Commissariat Energie Atomique (CEA), Garnier Jérôme
Published: April 2023

The quality of a weld joint is subject to several factors, from material characteristics to environmental conditions. Its mechanical behavior is a broad field of study with specific industrial standards. Within a study of a weld joint, we employed a combination of a computed laminography [1] approach with tomographic analysis in order to extract and analyze specimens that were afterwards tested to assess the welding stress-strain and fracture characteristics. The main objective was to study the effect of surface porosity-type flaws. For this purpose, instead of a blind extraction of specimens from a welded block, we proceeded to a pre-identification of large porosity defects and the specimens were then cut and machined such that the flaws would be situated on the surface of test samples. The positions of these flaws were extracted with the laminography approach and it was crosschecked with measurements with an ultrasound testing technique. Computed tomography was employed as a characterization step before the stress-strain and fracture tests.
X-ray and FTIR µ-CTs for morphological and chemical characterization of eco-sustainable insulating foams
Authors:   University of Trieste, Donato Sandro ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Cefarin Nicola ,   University of Salzburg, Reyer Andreas ,   University of Applied Science Salzburg, Sepperer Thomas ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Dreossi Diego ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Sodini Nicola ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Surowka Artur ,   AGH University of Science and Technology, Surowka Artur ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Birarda Giovanni ,   Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Vaccari Lisa ,   University of Salzburg, Musso Maurizio ,   University of Applied Science Salzburg, Tondi Gianluca
Published: April 2023

Here it is reported a multidisciplinary approach based on tomography and infrared techniques applied to the characterization of

tannin porous rigid foams, potentially usable as new insulating materials in green building technology. With conventional x-ray

tomography it was possible to preliminary evaluate the homogeneity of the samples at low resolution, while then, thanks to the

synchrotron source, it was possible to obtain more detailed information at a micro-scale level. At the same time chemical

characterization was done through Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) imaging. Conventionally, FTIR imaging is limited to a

planar projection, not considering the 3D structure of the material. To avoid this limitation, a FTIR 3D-tomography setup was

built and the foams characterized by a chemical point of view. The idea is to directly correlate these data with the 3D-structural

information obtained with the x-ray computed tomography exploiting the synchrotron radiation as source, allowing a complete

characterization of the material morphology and chemistry at the microscale.
CT geometry determination using individual radiographs of calibrated multi-sphere standards
Authors:   Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bircher Benjamin A. ,   Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Meli Felix ,   Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Küng Alain ,   Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Thalmann Rudolf
Published: April 2023

Determining the absolute CT machine geometry is crucial for performing accurate measurements. A common method to achieve this is recording a set of radiographs of calibrated multi-sphere standards under different angles of rotation and subsequently minimising reprojection errors of the sphere positions. Here, we tested methods using individual radiographs and sets of radiographs under accurately measured displacements. We focused on source-object and source-detector distances that, if not accurately known, introduce scale errors. However, it is emphasised that all geometrical parameters (e.g. detector and rotation axis angular deviations) were determined. Using individual radiographs enabled stage error motions and drifts to be determined. The sensitivities of the proposed method were evaluated by displacing the CT’s motion axes on specified trajectories, and were below one micrometre for displacements parallel to the detector and about 10−4 for deviations in the source-detector distance. Using sets of radiographs recorded during one revolution enabled average parameters of the CT geometry to be determined and increased the accuracy of the method. First, the dependence on the number of radiographs, i.e. sphere positions, was investigated. Next, sets of radiographs of the multi-sphere standard were recorded at different source-object distances, the relative displacements of which were accurately measured by interferometry. Using this information improved the relative accuracy to determine displacements in the source-object distance to below 10−5.
CAD-based defect inspection with optimal view angle selection based on polychromatic X-ray projection images
Authors:   University of Antwerpen, Presenti Alice ,   University of Antwerpen, Sijbers Jan ,   University of Antwerpen, Den Dekker Arnold J. ,   University of Antwerpen, De Beenhouwer Jan
Published: April 2023

X-ray 3D computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive method that allows inspection of internal components of an object.
In the conventional approach, the comparison between the measured projections and the 3D model is performed by processing
a CT reconstruction from projection data. The accuracy of the inspection analysis strictly depends on the reconstruction, which
can suffer from numerous artifacts. To overcome this problem, we propose a new method that performs inspection directly in the
projection space, simulating realistic projections from the computer aided design (CAD) model.
Our method bases its strength on the prior knowledge from the CAD data and knowledge about the inspected object itself. When
inspecting for defective or missing components, it is not restrictive to assume that the position of a potential deviation from the
nominal geometry is approximately known. Therefore, we define regions of interest (ROIs) for feature extraction by simply
projecting a component or a volume around it. Furthermore, based on the nominal geometry, we can identify the projection
angles for which a certain component is most visible, to restrict the inspection analysis to projections obtained at these angles.
Our procedure for quality control is composed of two main steps: the first one must be performed prior to in-line inspection and
consists of i) an accurate alignment to calibrate the system geometry and ii) building of libraries of simulated projection data.
These libraries are used in the second, in-line step to perform a fast 3D alignment with respect to the position and orientation of
the sample. The knowledge of the sample’s orientation allows one to select only a few projection angles for which a potential
defect is most visible and perform classification by extracting features and measures from merely the projections at this limited
set of angles, for a predefined ROI. In this paper, we motivate and describe our procedure for limited view in-line inspection of
defects and validate our method with experiments on real data.
CCD and scientific-CMOS detectors for submicron laboratory based X-ray Computed tomography
Authors:   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Salplachta Jakub ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Zikmund Tomáš ,   Rigaku Innovative Technologies Europe, s.r.o.,, Horváth Martin ,   Rigaku Corporation, Takeda Yoshihiro ,   Rigaku Corporation, Omote Kazuhiko ,   Rigaku Innovative Technologies Europe, s.r.o.,, Pina Ladislav ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Kaiser Jozef
Published: April 2023

The key component of any CT (X-ray computed tomography) machine is a detection system. In area of scientific CT imaging applications three types of sensors are mainly used. These are amorphous silicon (α-Si) flat panels, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors. Here the performance and comparison study of the two lastly named sensor types is conducted in field of high resolution CT imaging. CCD and novel sCMOS-based (scientific CMOS) detection systems are tested using high-resolution laboratory-based Rigaku nano3DX system (ability to achieve submicron voxel resolution). Properties of each camera were evaluated as well as the quality and noise properties of acquired data (both projection and CT data).
Verifying the measurement accuracy for X-ray cone-beam CT scans of objects smaller than 5 mm diameter
Authors:   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Weiß Daniel ,   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Kimmig Wolfgang ,   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Lonardoni Ronald ,   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Ilzhöfer Marc ,   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Krenkel Martin ,   Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH, Kuhn Christoph
Published: April 2023

Dimensional metrology has become an important and well-established application of industrial X-ray computed tomography
(CT). Currently there is an increasing need to use CT-based metrology for objects scanned at very high resolution (< 1 μm voxel
size). In order to validate the measurement accuracy of a CT scanner, calibrated length standards are required that match the
range of field-of-view (FOV) sizes offered by the scanner. While there are now many lengths standards available for FOV
diameters of 50 mm and above [1], so far there are few or no standards that are suitable for a small FOV diameter, and at the
same time meet the requirements of guideline VDI/VDE 2617/2630 [2], dealing with CT-based metrology. In order to fit a FOV
diameter of less than 5 mm, a length standard was designed in accordance with that guideline, manufactured from a support
material and ruby spheres, and tactile measurements were performed with a ZEISS F25 coordinate measurement machine. CT
metrology was performed using a ZEISS METROTOM 800, and the results are compared.
MultiScale and MultiTime Image-Based Control and Characterization of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Materials
Authors:   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Blanc Rémi ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Niklaus Matthieu ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pyka Grzegorz ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Winiarski Bartlomiej ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lichau Daniel ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Chirazi Ali
Published: April 2023

Lithium Ion batteries are the main energy storage devices today, from portable devices to electric vehicles. From improving the understanding of their properties, their ageing, or their modes of failures, to investigating new materials and designs, image-based analyses and measurements can play a key role to support the industry and research in this sector. From X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to FIB-SEM (Focused-Ion Beam – Scanning Electron Microscopy), including recent Plasma FIB, images can be acquired to display the whole assembly, down to the microstructure of the materials involved. Thermo Scientific™ Avizo™ Software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, US) allows for visualizing, processing, and quantifying such data in a controlled, robust and reproducible manner, and can therefore help at all stages.
In this paper, we present images and analyses results from different experiments, at the micro- and nano-metric scales, covering problematics of battery ageing, defect identification and detailed analysis using correlative microscopy from microCT to FIB-SEM.
Custom-made software tool for the automatic implementation of surface extraction methods based on gradient operators
Authors:   Centro Universitario de la Defensa (CUD), Jiménez-pacheco Roberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ontiveros-Zepeda Sinué ,   University of Zaragoza, Yagüe-Fabra José Antonio
Published: April 2023

The computed tomography (CT) process for metrology applications is affected by many factors that influence its measurement uncertainty. One of the most critical ones is the edge detection algorithm used, also called surface extraction or image segmentation. The authors of this paper have developed several segmentation algorithms based on gradient methods for metrological applications. These algorithms focus on improving the accuracy and reducing the influence of the user decisions during the segmentation process. In order to reach these goals, it is not only necessary to develop the segmentation algorithm but to implement it in a complete tool that guides the user from the tomography file to the Point Cloud. This paper presents the custom-made software developed by the authors for the surface extraction with gradient techniques and the results achieved when used in the dimensional verification of two calibrated parts.
Optimization of multi-axis control for metal artifact reduction in X-ray computed tomography
Authors:   Tokyo University of Technology, Kano Toru ,   Shinshu University, Koseki Michihiko
Published: April 2023

When computed tomography (CT) is used to inspect electronic devices, strong streaks called metal artifacts are produced in the reconstructed image. One of the factors that induce metal artifacts is beam hardening, which is caused by a stack of metals contained in electronic devices saturating incident X-rays. To avoid saturation of X-ray intensities, we proposed a new CT approach with a multi-axis rotation mechanism in our previous study. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of multi-axis control and propose an effective reconstruction algorithm. The results of our simulation experiments show that metal artifacts could be suppressed by avoiding saturation of transmitted X-ray intensities.
Laser driven sources for a new generation of high resolution hard x-ray CT machines
Authors:   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Thornton Christopher ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Armstrong C. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Brenner C. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Bourgeois N. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Gregory C. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Katzir Y. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Neely D. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Rusby D. ,   STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Symes D. ,   Imperial College London, Cole J. M. ,   Imperial College London, Gruse J-N. ,   Imperial College London, Lopes N. ,   Imperial College London, Mangles S. ,   Imperial College London, Najmudin Z. ,   Imperial College London, Streeter M. ,   Imperial College London, Wood J. ,   Lancaster University, Finlay O. ,   Lancaster University, Thomas A.G.R. ,   University of York, York, Baird C. ,   University of York, York, Murphy C. ,   University of York, York, Underwood C. ,   The Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC), Brierley Nicholas
Published: April 2023

A new type of particle accelerator that uses lasers to accelerate particles, called Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA), is becoming

a wide spread tool in the scientific community. These compact accelerators are capable of delivering very high energy

electron beams (100s MeV) over very short distances (mm). With such high energy electron beams it is possible to produce very

hard X-rays (100s keV to MeV) for use in imaging. This poster will explore the basic principles of this technique and how it is

being applied to industrial samples for X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection.
Simulation-based sensitivity analysis of geometrical misalignments in X-ray computed tomography systems for dimensional metrology – detector angular misalignments
Authors:   University of Padova (UNIPD), Sbettega Elia ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Zanini Filippo ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Carmignato Simone
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) represents a viable solution for metrological investigations of industrial components characterized by external as well as internal geometries. However, the traceability of measurements is still difficult to be established because of a great number of influence factors, often difficult to be identified and assessed. The XCT system geometry represents one of the most critical aspects, as any deviation from the ideal alignment conditions may generate errors in measurement results. Many efforts have been made to find methods able to characterise the actual geometry of the system, but work is still needed to obtain faster and easier solutions. This work is part of a study that aims at investigating the magnitude of dimensional measurement errors caused by geometrical misalignments that can affect an XCT system, with the purpose of developing a faster and easier solution by focusing on the most critical factors. Results of a simulation-based investigation on the influence of detector angular misalignments are presented. The center-to-center distances of spheres belonging to a newly designed ball plate are evaluated, starting from angular misalignments already investigated experimentally in literature.
Investigation of the independence of the best assembly orientations with respect to X-ray source parameters in industrial computed tomography
Authors:   RWTH Aachen University, Grozmani Natalia ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), Chupina Daria ,   RWTH Aachen University, Schmitt Robert H.
Published: April 2023

Industrial computed tomography (CT) is a proper tool for extracting both internal and external geometry in one measuring procedure without destroying or rebuilding an assembly. The diversity of assemblies and unique measurement requirements demand an expert user to be able to determine appropriate CT setup parameters. Recent publications have concentrated on the automatic choice of the CT setup parameters or on the determination of features to qualify the chosen setup parameters. Setup parameters consist of X-ray source parameters (i.e., voltage, current, and exposure time), a number of projections, a source-to-object distance (SOD), and an assembly orientation. For multi-material assemblies, it is advantageous to combine two different energies from one or two X-ray sources. Benefits of this combination are a reduction of artifacts, caused by a high absorbing material, and a increased resolution of the CT acquisition (i.e., the combination of high-voltage and low voltage-micro targets). On the basis of previous works, the assembly orientation depends on other CT parameters and requires a correction between measurements with different energies. However, to avoid additional uncertainties due to the fusion of CT volumes, the assembly orientation in the CT system should remain constant for both of the measurements. This study considers the independence of the best assembly orientation tendency and X-ray source parameters. To test the concept, the authors produced CT acquisitions of a multi-material assembly (a polyoxymethylene (POM) cube with two aluminum cylinders) in four different assembly orientations. The choice of assembly orientations was based on the sorted list of minimal required energy. The two sets of X-ray setup parameters that were chosen for the experiment were maximally distant from each other. The concept was validated by statistical analysis of the standard deviations on 48 features of the assembly. The results demonstrated that the group with the best assembly orientations is independent of the X-ray source parameter sets.
Computed tomography enabling virtual assembly
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA), Kaufmann Manuel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA), Effenberger Ira ,   University of Stuttgart, Huber Marco
Published: April 2023

Computed tomography (CT) is the only dimensional measurement technology that captures holistic geometric information of the complete object. The availability of equally and densely distributed measurement data gathered by CT enables the consideration of local form deviations of the object's surface for the definition of a datum system. A datum system describes a coordinate system that is used for referencing geometrical tolerances. Therefore, the datum definition by an approximation of datum features is replaced by a fitting method called virtual assembly (VA), where the datum surfaces are registered in order to simulate the real, physical workpiece contact. Besides describing the theory, in this paper the method is evaluated using a linear guide assembly as an example that is compared to the real assembly of the object.
Automated detection of micrometer-cracks and delamination in CT volumes of previously stressed CFRP pressure rods
Authors:   BMW AG, Schromm Thomas ,   BMW AG, Holtmann Jonas ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Koch Michael ,   Technical University of Munich (TUM), Grosse Christian U.
Published: April 2023

Industrial tasks that produce hundreds of terabytes of data per year require efficient evaluation tools for the purpose of saving

valuable resources such as time or highly trained personnel. Therefore, processes with high automation potential need to be

identified and put into practice. Before deploying a new tool, however, thorough investigation is required. It needs to be tested

whether the achievable degree of automation of such a new tool yields results which are on one hand reliable and on the other

hand of sufficient quality. This work evaluates the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to detecting micrometer-cracks and delaminations in reconstructed computed tomography (CT) volumes of previously stressed carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) pressure rods. Common network architectures, varying network parameters and different training sets have been investigated and compared in order to determine the combination that performs best. The constellation (network, hyperparameters, training data) that performed best reached an average precision (AP) of 0.87. Based on the rather small data set of approx. 1.6E3 images and the unstructured nature and great diversity of the investigated features, this result can be regarded as very good. The detected feature sizes ranged from approx. 100 micrometer to a centimeter in length and from tens of microns to a few hundred microns in width. The results suggest that artificial neural networks have the potential to be used reliably for the automatic detection of micrometer-cracks and delaminations in CT volumes of CFRP pressure rods, provided the data set used for training is large and diverse enough and the network is being updated when new data is available.
Graded Material Inspection by X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors:   The Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC), Brierley Nicholas ,   The Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC), Turner Nathanael ,   German Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ), Kachelrieß Marc
Published: April 2023

Additive Manufacturing (AM) in particular opens up the possibility of producing functionally graded components, allowing the material composition, and hence for example stiffness, to be specified at a voxel level, in a macroscopically continuously varying manner. Such possibilities not only present a challenge for the design stage, but also for the post-build quality control, where a method of volumetric compositional quality control is required. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) has the potential to fulfill this need, especially given that the technique is applicable to the highly complex geometries that can be made by AM, and due to the volumetric output of the inspection. However, further technique development is required to allow XCT to be effectively exploited as a tool of compositional quality control, noting for instance that XCT image greyscales are rarely used quantitatively in an industrial setting, unlike in clinical imaging. This paper describes initial efforts and results towards this objective.
Enhancement of microCT images of steel cracks using mathematical filters
Authors:   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Araújo Olga ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Machado Alessandra Silveira ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Oliveira Davi F ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Lopes Ricardo Tadeu
Published: April 2023

MicroCT has become a powerful and widely used tool for non-destructive testing and can be used for mapping the complex 3D structures of cracks and their interactions. The materials of most oil and gas transport pipes, buried or submerged, such as high strength low alloy steels, for example, are likely to suffer corrosion degradation and fracture due to the corrosive environment. Similarly, cracks are one of the most severe types of discontinuity in a welded joint since they are strong stress concentrators. High tensile stresses develop in the weld region as a result of the localized thermal expansion and contraction, associated with the welding thermal cycle. To better characterize the cracking behavior, it is important to gain information about the evolution of the 3D crack network. However, the search for improving image quality in the inspection of steel samples using X-ray beams is still challenging because of spreading effects that can cause noise in the 3D image. For this purpose, we performed microCT tests to verify cracks due corrosion and loss of weld adhesion cracks applying mathematical filters to improve the final image quality. To enhance details of the grey scale microCT slices, the image was improved using anisotropic diffusion (AD) and unsharp mask (UM) filters, which have been found to be highly effective for enhancement of digital fractured media. With the results was possible to verify cracks around 0.66 mm for corrosion cracks and 4.27 mm for cracks due to loss of weld adhesion, as well as the cracks network in the 3D visualization of the inspected materials.
Investigation of the eye formation in semi-hard cheese by using X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Auer Jaqueline ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Reiter Michael ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Senck Sascha ,   Berglandmilch eGen, Reiter Andreas ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Herr Johanna ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Mathmann Katrin
Published: April 2023

The eye formation in semi-hard cheese was investigated by using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT). In order to set the optimal scan settings, a study of parameters was undertaken. Therefore, five different scan parameter combinations and two beam hardening correction (BHC) methods were tested. An Iterative Artifact Reduction (IAR) was compared to a correction approach that is based on a collection of predefined BHC curves. VG Studio MAX and Modular Algorithms for Volume Images (MAVI) were used to determine the overall volume of the eyes, as well as the number, size, distribution and the shape factor. As a result, the cheese sample contained 749 eyes and the overall volume of the eyes was 440.84 cm3. The sphericity of the measured eyes was 0.81 with a standard deviation of 0.178. Therefore, XCT and different imaging software tools allow an exact characterization of the inner structures of cheese.
Reference standards for XCT measurements of additively manufactured parts
Authors:   Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), Obaton Anne-Françoise ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Gottlieb Klingaa Christopher ,   Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), Rivet Clément ,   Metrologic ApS, Mohaghegh Kamran ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Baier Sina ,   Novo Nordisk A/S, Hillerød, Lasson Andreasen Jan ,   Novo Nordisk A/S, Hillerød, Carli Lorenzo ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), De Chiffre Leonardo
Published: April 2023

An increasing number of industrial sectors are considering the potential of additive manufacturing as an asset to improve their production. Indeed, additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of very complex geometries and inner cavities that cannot be manufactured with conventional techniques. However, in critical sectors such as aerospace, defence and medical, the parts need to be certified, which requires parts to be non-destructively characterised in terms of flaws, geometry and dimensional accuracy. X-ray computed tomography is the only current 3D volumetric technique, which is suited for the non-destructive analysis of internal flaws, geometry and measurements of internal dimensions and roughness. However, regardless of its huge potential, Xray computed tomography is not as mature a technology for dimensional metrology as compared to conventional tactile coordinate measuring machines. In most cases there is no traceability to SI units in the dimensional domain. Recently, numerous reference standards (i.e. physical artefacts) addressing X-ray computed tomography dimensional accuracy have been published, but they do not necessarily address the calibration of XCT system in connection with AM parts. In this work, a new and improved standard in three different materials has been designed with a dual purpose: Fully calibrating X-ray computed tomography for dimensional measurements while being representative of additively manufactured parts in terms of flaws and material, meeting the needs of the industry. These standards will be used to metrologically validate X-ray computed tomography for the inspection of additively manufactured parts.
Structural FE simulations of CT scanned microstructures: A comparison between idealized and real microstructures
Authors:   Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Miron Matei-Constantin ,   Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Major Zoltan ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Plank Bernhard
Published: April 2023

Structural simulations close the gap between CT imaging and material behavior, giving a prediction on the mechanical characteristics of an investigated material specimen. When dealing with data originating from CT measurements, depending on the final use of the simulated results, two distinct approaches can be identified: the first approach focuses on modeling the most dominant structures identified in the scan and uses homogenization in order to model the smaller structures, while the second approach focuses on accurately modeling the whole scanned microstructure. Current research is aimed at identifying the advantages and disadvantages of applying the aforementioned methods in terms of accuracy of predicted results, as well as identifying a reasonable mesh size for future Finite Element Analyses.
Deblurring Sinograms Using a Covolutional Neural Network to Achieve Fast X-ray Computed Tomography Scanning
Authors:   University of Tokyo, Yuki Ryo ,   University of Tokyo, Ohtake Yutaka ,   University of Tokyo, Suzuki Hiromasa
Published: April 2023

X-ray computed tomography (CT) allows for visualization of the interior of solid objects in a non-destructive and non-invasive

manner. However, producing high-precision measurements takes a long time because thousands of sharp transmission images

are required to reconstruct CT volumes. To address this problem, we propose a CT measurement method based on Convolutional

Neural Networks (CNNs) that yields sharp transmission images by deblurring blurry ones. In this method, first, blurry images are

obtained in a short measurement time, then they are deblurred by CNNs with fine-tuning and integrated by linear interpolation.

This method shortens the measurement time indirectly because the process related to the CNNs is fast with GPUs and the blurry

images with low levels of noise intensity do not require a long time. Besides, the fine-tuning may improve the output images’

sharpness. According to our experimental results, the proposed method is fast and can maintain the quality of data to a certain

extent.
Cyberattacks on healthcare systems
Authors: Veličković Jasmina , Jonev-Ćiraković Katarina
Published: April 2023

Cyberattacks on healthcare information systems have become more frequent in the last few years. The consequences are not only the collapse of a system and a financial damage, but also a direct threat to the patients' health and lives. The basic methods and techniques of stealing health data from end users of the internet and the use of stolen data to commit criminal acts are presented in this paper. Numerous cyberattacks on healthcare systems worldwide are reviewed and analyzed, with a focus on the COVID19 pandemic. In recent years, the international community has intensified its work on legal regulations and conventions and raising awareness concerning the cyber security of healthcare systems. Cyberattacks on healthcare systems are a global problem, and the solutions should be global, as well.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Han , Hoang Thi Thuy An , Mai Thuy Khanh Doan , Phan Thi Dung , Ho Thi Hong Dao , Nguyen Thai Thong , Lu Tri Dien , Duong Thi Thuy Trang
Published: April 2023

Background: Healthcare-associated infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures in healthcare organizations. Enhancement of hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers is responsible for decreasing 30 to 50% of healthcare-associated infections. However, previous studies have indicated inadequate adherence to hand hygiene procedures in healthcare institutions. Therefore, increasing knowledge, attitude, and practices of hand hygiene among nursing students who participate in caring for patients is essential to improve the quality of care and patient safety. Objectives: This study aimed to examine knowledge, attitude, the practice of hand hygiene, and their associations among nursing students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 104 nursing students as study participants. Knowledge and attitude were examined by using a self-structured questionnaire, while practice was evaluated by observation based on the hand hygiene checklist of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. Results: The findings showed that 44.2% and 66.3% of participants had good knowledge and positive hand hygiene attitudes, respectively. Poor adherence of 5 moments of hand hygiene and 6 steps of the hand hygiene procedure were revealed. Half of the respondents showed low to moderate compliance with the hand hygiene procedure. There were significant associations between knowledge, attitude, and hand hygiene practices among nursing students. Conclusion: among nursing students, poor knowledge, attitude, and hand hygiene practices were reported.  The study findings supported previous literature and found that respondents emphasized the importance of training programs and hand hygiene monitoring in improving hand hygiene practices.
FACTORS AFFECT ON THE TOTAL POLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT IN GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LEYSS EX.FR.) KARST, GANODERMATACEAE
Authors: Huynh Thi My Duyen , To Ngoc Nhu Mai
Published: April 2023

Background: Ganoderma lucidum is a precious remedy with the active ingredient polysaccharides effective in treating diseases such as diabetes, hepatitis, cancer, etc. During cultivation, factors such as harvest time, temperature, and humidity affect the obtained polysaccharide content. At the same time, in the extraction process, the polysaccharide content is also affected by the material/solvent ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, and the number of repetitions of extraction. Objectives: To determine the growing conditions and the time of harvesting and extracting conditions of Ganoderma lucidum with the highest polysaccharide content. Materials and methods: Using phenol-sulfuric acid reagent (concentrated) to determine the polysaccharide content, the growth stage and extraction conditions leading to the most polysaccharide content. Results: The highest polysaccharide content was obtained in mushrooms on the 75th day, based on bagasse with growing environments from the 1st to the 34th day: temperature of 25-30⁰C and humidity of 60-70%; that from the 35th to the 67th day: temperature of 22-28 ⁰C and humidity of 80-90%; that from the 68th to the 75th day: temperature of 22-28⁰C and humidity of 60-70%. The best extraction conditions: medicinal/solvent ratio: 1/40, temperature: 80⁰C, time: 90 minutes, and the number of extractions: 3 times. Conclusion: Ganoderma lucidum should be grown, harvested, and extracted under the above conditions to obtain the highest polysaccharide content.
Evaluation of the Knowledge and Practices About Drug Prescribing and Adverse Reaction Reporting Among Turkish Dentists
Authors: Kıroğlu Olcay , Khan Zakir , Berktaş Fatih , Öz Emine , Ünal İlker , Karatas Yusuf
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess dental care professionals' drug prescription knowledge, practices, and reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted by using a face-to-face survey administered to a sample of dentists from tertiary care hospitals in Adana, Türkiye. A questionnaire consisted of six sections with closed-ended items including sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about drugs, patient history information, counseling practices during prescribing, source of information and ADR reporting.
Results: The study included 180 dentists, with a 95.3% response rate. More than half of the dentists (50.6%) stated their level of knowledge about drug price/cost as low. Most of the dentists (50.6%;n=91) claimed that they never/rarely asked about health insurance during patient history information. Moreover, most of the participants reported that they never/rarely and sometimes counsel the patients regarding drug mechanism of action, side effects of the drug, interaction of prescribed drug with other drugs/nutrients. It was determined that the dentists learned about the drugs from Vademecum (Turkish Medication Guidebook: 70%;n=126)  and the internet (55%;n=99). A higher proportion (85.5%) of the dentists indicated that they did not report ADR during their clinical practice.
Conclusion: This study showed a general improvement in dentists prescribing knowledge and practices, although they reported some lack of knowledge regarding drug cost, discussion about the possible side effect of a drug/interaction with other drugs/nutrients with patients and under-reporting of ADRs. Periodic education and training for dentists are critical to overcoming any problem related to prescribing errors and potential ADRs.
The Change of Oral Presentations of National Anatomy Congresses Over the Years
Authors: Özkan Mazhar , Dinçel Yaşar Mahsut
Published: April 2023

Objective: In this study, it is aimed to examine the characteristics and publication rates of oral presentations presented in national congresses.Methods: The data about the oral presentations in national anatomy congresses (from 2016 to 2021), including the number of contributing institutions, the institutions that contributed the most oral presentations each year, and the publication rates of the oral presentations in the journals scanned in different indexes. In the study, the titles and the keywords were scanned using Google Scholar and Web of Science, and journal index details were noted.Results: Of the national congresses we examined in our study, the most oral presentations (193) were the congress in 2019 and the least oral presentations (47) were the congress in 2017. The publication rate of oral presentations was highest in the papers of the congress in 2016 (42%) and at least in the papers of the congress in 2019 (13%). None of the oral presentations in the last congress held in 2021 were published until the time of our study. Large proportions (34%) of the papers that are accepted as oral presentations and published are radiological studies. 70% of the publications were published in journals indexed in Web of Science.Conclusion: For both new and senior academics, congresses offer a useful and distinctive setting. Congress papers showcase the scientific opportunities and interests of various universities while also providing opportunities for collaboration. Attendance at a conference is significantly influenced by its location, timing, and financial situation.
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of the 577- nm Pro-yellow Laser in Patients with Vascular Disorders
Authors: Ataseven Arzu , Temiz Selami Aykut , Özer İlkay
Published: April 2023

Objective: Vascular disorders severely impair the psycho-social status of individuals. Various laser and light systems, which have advantages and disadvantages, including the pro-yellow laser are used for the therapy of these disorders.Aim: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of the 577 nm pro-yellow laser for a broad range of indications including erythematelangiectatic rosacea, facial erythema, post-acne erythema, facial telangiectasis, hemangioma, genital angiokeratoma, and port wine stain nevus.Methods: A total of 98 patients (25 male, 73 female) older than 15 years who were treated with the pro-yellow laser for vascular disorders at the cosmetology unit between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively included in the study.Results: The mean rate of recovery was 100% in genital angiokeratoma, 94.4% in spider angioma, 83.3% in facial telangiectasis, 74.8% in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 72% in facial erythema + facial telangiectasis, and 68.3% in facial erythema. Over 60% of improvement was observed in most patients with vascular disorders. There was no significant link between the Fitzpatrick skin type and treatment success. Treatment success was significantly low in cases with nasal involvement.Conclusion: The current study concluded that pro-yellow laser is an efficient and safe laser modality that may yield satisfactory outcomes regardless of the different skin types.
The factor structure of complex preparation of young football players of different ages
Authors: Kozina Zhanneta , Siryi Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

Purpose: to determine the factor structure of complex training of young football players aged 12-13 and 15-16 on the basis of indicators of physical, technical fitness and indicators of psychophysiological functions.

Material and methods. Participants: 48 football players took part in the study, aged 15-16, 48 football players aged 12-13. The following data were determined: indicators of the level of physical fitness; indicators of the level of technical readiness; indicators of psychophysiological condition. The structure of complex preparedness was determined using factor analysis (SPSS-17, Dimension Redaction - Factor; Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Varimax with Kaiser Normalization).

Results. The structure of complex training of young football players aged 12-13 is dominated by speed and strength, technical training in combination with switching of attention and mobility of the nervous system. The obtained data create conditions for recommendations in the training process of young football players aged 12-13 to increase the number of exercises that require the development of speed and strength, technical training in combination with exercises to switch attention. The structure of the complex training of young football players aged 15-16 is dominated by the mobility of the nervous system in combination with physical and technical training and switching of attention. The obtained data create conditions for recommendations in the training process of young football players aged 15-16 to increase the number of exercises that require nervous system mobility, physical fitness, in particular - speed and strength, technical training in combination with exercises to switch attention.

Conclusions. The obtained data create conditions for recommendations in the training process of young football players aged 15-16 to increase the number of exercises that require the manifestation of nervous system mobility, physical fitness, in particular - speed and strength, technical training combined with exercises to switch attention, and in the training process young football players aged 12-13 to increase the number of exercises that require the development of speed and strength, technical training in combination with exercises to switch attention.
Age dynamics of physical fitness of girls in middle classes of rural schools
Authors: Miroshnichenko V.I.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine age features of the development of physical qualities of girls in the middle classes of rural schools. The results of the study. The levels of development and age-related dynamics of physical qualities of girls of the studied age have been determined.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS PHET TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HOTS SISWA SMP
Authors: Mega Puspita Sari Mega , Indrawati Indrawati , Budiarso Aris Singgih
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pembelajaran IPA berbasis PhET terhadap motivasi dan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) siswa SMP. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan desain non-equivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen sebanyak 30 siswa dan kelas VII C sebagai kelas kontrol sebanyak 30 siswa yang dilaksanakan di MTs Negeri 4 Banyuwangi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes, angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA berbasis PhET  berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) siswa SMP.