bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles: nanomaterials to promote bone formation
Authors: Dong Ming , Shi Chun , Yu Xinxin , Yang Qian , Wu Saixuan , Liu Runyuan , Liu Tingjiao , Wang Lina , Niu Weidong
Published: August 2022

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important component in the paracrine pathway. They can be used as a substitute for seed cells and have shown good application prospects in promoting bone regeneration. Cow’s milk could be used as a source of sEVs with good biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness, with easy availability, low cost and low toxicity. This study focused on the role and mechanism of small extracellular vesicles derived from milk in bone repair. In order to explore the mechanism via which Milk-sEVs promote bone repair, we screened the differential gene GJA1 in Milk-sEV-treated osteoblasts through transcriptome chips, and verified the transcript AP3B1 of GJA1 through chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). We have proved by in vivo and in vitro experiments that milk-derived sEVs (Milk-sEVs) increase the repair ability of bone tissue, and promote expression of the osteogenic gene GJA1 through the transcript AP3B1.

Graphical abstract
In silico-guided metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for efficient biosynthesis of purine nucleosides by blocking the key backflow nodes
Authors: Deng Aihua , Qiu Qidi , Sun Qinyun , Chen Zhenxiang , Wang Junyue , Zhang Yu , Liu Shuwen , Wen Tingyi
Published: August 2022

Background

Purine nucleosides play essential roles in cellular physiological processes and have a wide range of applications in the fields of antitumor/antiviral drugs and food. However, microbial overproduction of purine nucleosides by de novo metabolic engineering remains a great challenge due to their strict and complex regulatory machinery involved in biosynthetic pathways.

Results

In this study, we designed an in silico-guided strategy for overproducing purine nucleosides based on a genome-scale metabolic network model in Bacillus subtilis. The metabolic flux was analyzed to predict two key backflow nodes, Drm (purine nucleotides toward PPP) and YwjH (PPP–EMP), to resolve the competitive relationship between biomass and purine nucleotide synthesis. In terms of the purine synthesis pathway, the first backflow node Drm was inactivated to block the degradation of purine nucleotides, which greatly increased the inosine production to 13.98–14.47 g/L without affecting cell growth. Furthermore, releasing feedback inhibition of the purine operon by promoter replacement enhanced the accumulation of purine nucleotides. In terms of the central carbon metabolic pathways, the deletion of the second backflow node YwjH and overexpression of Zwf were combined to increase inosine production to 22.01 ± 1.18 g/L by enhancing the metabolic flow of PPP. By switching on the flux node of the glucose-6-phosphate to PPP or EMP, the final inosine engineered strain produced up to 25.81 ± 1.23 g/L inosine by a pgi-based metabolic switch with a yield of 0.126 mol/mol glucose, a productivity of 0.358 g/L/h and a synthesis rate of 0.088 mmol/gDW/h, representing the highest yield in de novo engineered inosine bacteria. Under the guidance of this in silico-designed strategy, a general chassis bacterium was generated, for the first time, to efficiently synthesize inosine, adenosine, guanosine, IMP and GMP, which provides sufficient precursors for the synthesis of various purine intermediates.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that in silico-guided metabolic engineering successfully optimized the purine synthesis pathway by exploring efficient targets, which could be applied as a superior strategy for efficient biosynthesis of biotechnological products.
The telomere maintenance mechanism spectrum and its dynamics in gliomas
Authors: Kim Sojin , Chowdhury Tamrin , Yu Hyeon Jong , Kahng Jee Ye , Lee Chae Eun , Choi Seung Ah. , Kim Kyung-Min , Kang Ho , Lee Joo Ho , Lee Soon-Tae , Won Jae-Kyung , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Min-Sung , Lee Ji Yeoun , Kim Jin Wook , Kim Yong-Hwy , Kim Tae Min , Choi Seung Hong , Phi Ji Hoon , Shin Young-Kyoung , Ku Ja-Lok , Lee Sungyoung , Yun Hongseok , Lee Hwajin , Kim Dokyoung , Kim Kyoungmi , Hur Junho K. , Park Sung-Hye , Kim Seung-Ki , Park Chul-Kee
Published: August 2022

Background

The activation of the telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) is one of the critical drivers of cancer cell immortality. In gliomas, TERT expression and TERT promoter mutation are considered to reliably indicate telomerase activation, while ATRX mutation and/or loss indicates an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). However, these relationships have not been extensively validated in tumor tissues.

Methods

Telomerase repeated amplification protocol (TRAP) and C-circle assays were used to profile and characterize the TMM cross-sectionally (n = 412) and temporally (n = 133) across glioma samples. WES, RNA-seq, and NanoString analyses were performed to identify and validate the genetic characteristics of the TMM groups.

Results

We show through the direct measurement of telomerase activity and ALT in a large set of glioma samples that the TMM in glioma cannot be defined solely by the combination of telomerase activity and ALT, regardless of TERT expression, TERT promoter mutation, and ATRX loss. Moreover, we observed that a considerable proportion of gliomas lacked both telomerase activity and ALT. This telomerase activation-negative and ALT negative group exhibited evidence of slow growth potential. By analyzing a set of longitudinal samples from a separate cohort of glioma patients, we discovered that the TMM is not fixed and can change with glioma progression.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the TMM is dynamic and reflects the plasticity and oncogenicity of tumor cells. Direct measurement of telomerase enzyme activity and evidence of ALT should be considered when defining TMM. An accurate understanding of the TMM in glioma is expected to provide important information for establishing cancer management strategies.
Opportunities for a population-based cohort in Belgium
Authors: Schutte Nienke , Saelaert Marlies , Bogaert Petronille , De Ridder Karin , Van Oyen Herman , Van der Heyden Johan , Devleesschauwer Brecht
Published: August 2022

Population-based cohorts allow providing answers to a wide range of policy-relevant research questions. In Belgium, existing cohort-like initiatives are limited by their focus on specific population groups or specific topics, or they lack a true longitudinal design. Since 2016, consultations and deliberative processes have been set up to explore the opportunities for a population-based cohort in Belgium. Through these processes, several recommendations emerged to pave the way forward – i.e., to facilitate the establishment of administrative linkages, increase digitalisation, secure long-term financial and organisational efforts, establish a consortium of the willing, and identify and tackle ethical and legal bottlenecks. This comment summarizes these recommendations, as these opportunities should be explored in depth to consolidate the existing collaborations between different stakeholders, and refers to current initiatives that can further facilitate the establishment of a Belgian population-based cohort and, more generally, administrative and health data linkage and reuse for research and policy-making.
Risk of transmission of respiratory viruses during aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMPs) revisited in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Leal Jenine , Farkas Brenlea , Mastikhina Liza , Flanagan Jordyn , Skidmore Becky , Salmon Charleen , Dixit Devika , Smith Stephanie , Tsekrekos Stephen , Lee Bonita , Vayalumkal Joseph , Dunn Jessica , Harrison Robyn , Cordoviz Melody , Dubois Roberta , Chandran Uma , Clement Fiona , Bush Kathryn , Conly John , Larios Oscar
Published: August 2022

Background

In many jurisdictions healthcare workers (HCWs) are using respirators for aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMPs) performed on adult and pediatric populations with all suspect/confirmed viral respiratory infections (VRIs). This systematic review assessed the risk of VRIs to HCWs in the presence of AGMPs, the role respirators versus medical/surgical masks have on reducing that risk, and if the risk to HCWs during AGMPs differed when caring for adult or pediatric patient populations.

Main text

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Cochrane SR, CINAHL, COVID-19 specific resources, and MedRxiv for English and French articles from database inception to September 9, 2021. Independent reviewers screened abstracts using pre-defined criteria, reviewed full-text articles, selected relevant studies, abstracted data, and conducted quality assessments of all studies using the ROBINS-I risk of bias tool. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Thirty-eight studies were included; 23 studies on COVID-19, 10 on SARS, and 5 on MERS/ influenza/other respiratory viruses. Two of the 16 studies which assessed associations found that HCWs were 1.7 to 2.5 times more likely to contract COVID-19 after exposure to AGMPs vs. not exposed to AGMPs. Eight studies reported statistically significant associations for nine specific AGMPs and transmission of SARS to HCWS. Intubation was consistently associated with an increased risk of SARS. HCWs were more likely (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.2–3.4) to contract human coronaviruses when exposed to an AGMP in one study. There were no reported associations between AGMP exposure and transmission of influenza or in a single study on MERS. There was limited evidence supporting the use of a respirator over a medical/surgical mask during an AGMP to reduce the risk of viral transmission. One study described outcomes of HCWs exposed to a pediatric patient during intubation.

Conclusion

Exposure to an AGMP may increase the risk of transmission of COVID-19, SARS, and human coronaviruses to HCWs, however the evidence base is heterogenous and prone to confounding, particularly related to COVID-19. There continues to be a significant research gap in the epidemiology of the risk of VRIs among HCWs during AGMPs, particularly for pediatric patients. Further evidence is needed regarding what constitutes an AGMP.
IgG subclass deposition in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tang Xuanli , Wan Feng , Zhu Qin , Ye Tian , Jiang Xue , Yang Haichun
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the distribution of IgG subclass in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its association with clinicopathological features.

Methods

This is a single-center retrospective study enrolling 108 patients with biopsy-proven DN. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were applied, and clinicopathological features and renal outcomes were compared between patients with different patterns or categories of IgG subclass deposition.

Results

Both IgG and its subclasses colocalized with collagen IV α5 on glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and some of tubular basement membrane (TBM). IgG1 and the Mixed type were two predominant types of deposition, no matter on GBM or TBM, and IgG1 showed a much higher deposition rate on GBM than that on TBM (P = 0.004). IgG subclass deposit on multi-location was more associated with a shorter duration of nephropathy and severer tubular interstitial injury (P < 0.05). The mixed type of IgG subclass deposit on GBM was merely associated with higher levels of proteinuria, whereas the deposition on TBM was more associated with higher levels of proteinuria, lower levels of albumin, more KIM-1 positive area, and thicker TBM (P < 0.05). Survival analysis revealed that none of the pattern or the category of IgG subclass deposit was a risk factor or a renal outcome indicator.

Conclusions

IgG subclass was selectively deposited along GBM and/or TBM in DN, and the mixed type of IgG subclass deposition on TBM had more clinical significance than the isotype and that on GBM. IgG subclass deposition is merely a manifestation or a consequence rather than a cause in DN.
A universal approach for multi-model schema inference
Authors: Koupil Pavel , Hricko Sebastián , Holubová Irena
Published: August 2022

The variety feature of Big Data, represented by multi-model data, has brought a new dimension of complexity to all aspects of data management. The need to process a set of distinct but interlinked data models is a challenging task. In this paper, we focus on the problem of inference of a schema, i.e., the description of the structure of data. While several verified approaches exist in the single-model world, their application for multi-model data is not straightforward. We introduce an approach that ensures inference of a common schema of multi-model data capturing their specifics. It can infer local integrity constraints as well as intra- and inter-model references. Following the standard features of Big Data, it can cope with overlapping models, i.e., data redundancy, and it is designed to process efficiently significant amounts of data.To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first approach addressing schema inference in the world of multi-model databases.
Toward a long-term atmospheric CO2 inversion for elucidating natural carbon fluxes: technical notes of NISMON-CO2 v2021.1
Authors: Niwa Yosuke , Ishijima Kentaro , Ito Akihiko , Iida Yosuke
Published: August 2022

Accurate estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes at the earth’s surface are imperative for comprehending the carbon cycle mechanisms and providing reliable global warming predictions. Furthermore, they can also provide valuable science-based information that will be helpful in reducing human-induced CO2 emissions. Inverse analysis is a prominent method of quantitatively estimating spatiotemporal variations in CO2 fluxes; however, it involves a certain level of uncertainty and requires technical refinement, specifically to improve the horizontal resolution so that local fluxes can be compared with other estimates made at the regional or national level. In this study, a novel set of inversion schemes was incorporated into a state-of-the-art inverse analysis system named NISMON-CO2. The introduced schemes include a grid conversion, observational weighting, and anisotropic prior error covariance, the details of which are described. Moreover, pseudo-observation experiments were performed to examine the effect of the new schemes and to assess the reliability of NISMON-CO2 for long-term analysis with practical inhomogeneous observations. The experiment results evidently demonstrate the advantages of the grid conversion scheme for high-resolution flux estimates (1° × 1°), with notable improvements being achieved through the observational weighting and anisotropic prior error covariance. Furthermore, the estimated seasonal and interannual variations in regional CO2 fluxes were confirmed to be reliable, although some potential bias in terms of global land–ocean partitioning was observed. Thus, these results are useful for interpreting the flux variations that result from real-observation inverse analysis by NISMON-CO2 ver. 2021.1.
Hemothorax due to a ruptured esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: case report
Authors: Ohki Shohei , Enomoto Naoki , Kato Daiki , Yagi Shusuke , Wake Hitomi , Nohara Kyoko , Miyazaki Hideki , Igari Toru , Kokudo Norihiro , Yamada Kazuhiko
Published: August 2022

Background

Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal interstitium, and comprise less than 0.7% of all GISTs. The presentation of esophageal GIST is relatively benign, commonly characterized by symptoms of dysphagia and gastrointestinal bleed. On the contrary, it is highly unusual for these tumors to present as surgical emergencies.

Case presentation

Here, we describe a case of hemothorax secondary to the rupture of a massive (19 cm) esophageal GIST in a 79-year-old male. The patient presented with mild back pain, vomiting, and hypotension. A CT scan revealed significant mediastinal enlargement and left hemothorax. We conducted an emergency thoracotomy which revealed a 19 × 15 × 7 cm ruptured esophageal tumor that was bleeding profusely into the left thoracic cavity. Piecemeal resection without esophagectomy was performed to achieve hemostasis. Pathological evaluation of resected tissue confirmed the diagnosis of GIST. The patient was provided adjuvant imatinib therapy and remains progression-free at the 10-month follow-up.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of life-threatening hemothorax caused by a ruptured esophageal GIST. Findings from this case may aid in the diagnosis and management of these rare tumors.
Spatial distribution of vitamin A rich foods intake and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Chereka Alex Ayenew , Kassie Sisay Yitayih , Donacho Dereje Oljira , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn , Tegegne Masresha Derese , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Wubante Sisay Maru , Hunde Mekonnen Kenate
Published: August 2022

Background

Inadequate micronutrients in the diet and vitamin A deficiency are worldwide public health problems. In developing regions, many preschool children are undernourished, become blind every year and died before the age of 23 months. This study was aimed to explore the spatial distribution of vitamin A rich foods intake among children aged 6–23 months and identify associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total 1407 children aged 6–23 months was used. Data management and processing were done using STATA version 15 software and Microsoft Office Excel. ArcMap version 10.7 software was used for mapping and spatial visualization of the distribution. Spatial scan statistics was performed using SaTScan version 9.5 software for Bernoulli-based model. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors.

Results

Overall, 38.99% (95% CI: 36.46–41.62) of children aged 6– 23 months took vitamin A rich foods. Poor intake of vitamin A rich foods was significantly clustered Dire Dawa city, Somali and Harari regions of Ethiopia. Children aged 6–23 months lived in the primary cluster were 70% (RR = 1.70,P-value < 0.001) more likely to intake vitamin A rich foods than children lived outside the window. In the multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis, Primary educational status (AOR:1.42, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.93) and higher educational status (AOR:3.0, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.65) of mother, Dire Dawa (AOR:0.49, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12) city, Afar (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.36), Amhara (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.71) and Somali (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.08) regions of Ethiopia, children aged 13–23 months (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.36), Mothers’ exposure to media (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92) were statistically significant factors for vitamin A rich foods intake among children aged 6–23 months.

Conclusions

Only 4 out of ten children took vitamin A rich foods which is too low compared to the national target and significantly clustered in Ethiopia. Mother’s educational status, Region, Child age and Mother’s media exposure are significant factors vitamin A rich foods intake. Stakeholders should strengthen mothers’ education status, creating awareness for mothers on child feeding and using locally available natural resource to produce vitamin A rich foods.
Frequency control of a wind-diesel system based on hybrid energy storage
Authors: Mi Yang , Chen Boyang , Cai Pengcheng , He Xingtang , Liu Ronghui , Yang Xingwu
Published: August 2022

To improve the stability of a wind-diesel hybrid microgrid, a frequency control strategy is designed by using the hybrid energy storage system and the adjustable diesel generator with load frequency control (LFC). The objective of frequency control is to quickly respond to the disturbed system to reduce system frequency deviation and restore stability. By evaluating the area control error, the disturbance state of the system can be divided into four different areas by a corresponding control strategy for precise adjustments. For the diesel generator, an adaptive sliding mode (SM) algorithm is used to design LFC that can participate in frequency modulation. The frequency coordination control strategy proposed in this paper can realize the partition adjustment according to different resources, and ensure frequency stability. The proposed control strategy is verified by RTDS simulations in multiple scenarios.
A model for prognosis of influence of radiation dose on value of charge carrier mobility: an analytical approach for analysis of the introduced model
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny L.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we analyzed the dependence of charge carriers mobility on value of radiation dose during ion implantation. Based on the considered model, we determine conditions to decrease radiation damage in the irradiated materials. Also we introduce an analytical approach to analyze mass transfer in the irradiated materials. The approach gives a possibility to take into account nonlinearity of the considered process, as well as changes of parameters of the considered process in space and time at one time.
Changes in Circulating Tumor DNA Reflect Clinical Benefit Across Multiple Studies of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Vega Diana Merino , Nishimura Katherine K. , Zariffa Névine , Thompson Jeffrey C. , Hoering Antje , Cilento Vanessa , Rosenthal Adam , Anagnostou Valsamo , Baden Jonathan , Beaver Julia A. , Chaudhuri Aadel A. , Chudova Darya , Fine Alexander D. , Fiore Joseph , Hodge Rachel , Hodgson Darren , Hunkapiller Nathan , Klass Daniel M. , Kobie Julie , Peña Carol , Pennello Gene , Peterman Neil , Philip Reena , Quinn Katie J. , Raben David , Rosner Gary L. , Sausen Mark , Tezcan Ayse , Xia Qi , Yi Jing , Young Amanda G. , Stewart Mark D. , Carpenter Erica L. , Aggarwal Charu , Allen Jeff
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) become increasingly used in frontline settings, identifying early indicators of response is needed. Recent studies suggest a role for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in monitoring response to ICI, but uncertainty exists in the generalizability of these studies. Here, the role of ctDNA for monitoring response to ICI is assessed through a standardized approach by assessing clinical trial data from five independent studies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patient-level clinical and ctDNA data were pooled and harmonized from 200 patients across five independent clinical trials investigating the treatment of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)–directed monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. CtDNA levels were measured using different ctDNA assays across the studies. Maximum variant allele frequencies were calculated using all somatic tumor-derived variants in each unique patient sample to correlate ctDNA changes with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

RESULTS

We observed strong associations between reductions in ctDNA levels from on-treatment liquid biopsies with improved OS (OS; hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.62 to 3.20; P < .001) and PFS (PFS; hazard ratio 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.36; P < .001). Changes in the maximum variant allele frequencies ctDNA values showed strong association across different outcomes.

CONCLUSION

In this pooled analysis of five independent clinical trials, consistent and robust associations between reductions in ctDNA and outcomes were found across multiple end points assessed in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer treated with an ICI. Additional tumor types, stages, and drug classes should be included in future analyses to further validate this. CtDNA may serve as an important tool in clinical development and an early indicator of treatment benefit.
Improved CGM Glucometrics and More Visits for Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Using Telemedicine During 1 Year of COVID-19
Authors: Kaushal Tara , Tinsley Liane J , Volkening Lisa K , Turcotte Christine , Laffel Lori M
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid adoption of telemedicine for the care of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We assessed the utility of a primarily virtual care model by comparing glucometrics from a pediatric sample with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) both before and during the pandemic.

Methods

Pediatric patients aged 1 to 17 years with T1D duration ≥ 1 year if ≥ 6 years old or ≥ 6 months if < 6 years old, with ≥ 1 visit with recorded CGM data both prepandemic (April 1, 2019-March 15, 2020) and during the pandemic (April 1, 2020-March 15, 2021) were included. Data were extracted from the electronic health record.

Results

Our sample comprised 555 young people (46% male, 87% White, 79% pump-treated), mean age 12.3 ± 3.4 years, T1D duration 5.9 ± 3.5 years, baseline glycated hemoglobin A1c 8.0 ± 1.0% (64 ± 10.9 mmol/mol). Diabetes visit frequency increased from 3.8 ± 1.7 visits/prepandemic period to 4.3 ± 2.2 visits/pandemic period (P < 0.001); during pandemic period, 92% of visits were virtual. Glucose management indicator (GMI) improved slightly from 7.9% (63 mmol/mol) prepandemic to 7.8% (62 mmol/mol) during the pandemic (P < 0.001). Those with equal or greater visit frequency (n = 437 [79% of sample]) had significant improvement in GMI (8.0% to 7.8% [64 to 62 mmol/mol], P < 0.001), whereas those with lower visit frequency did not (7.8 [62 mmol/mol], P = 0.86).

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with T1D using CGM before and during the pandemic showed an overall increase in visit frequency using primarily telemedicine-based care and improved CGM glucometrics. Further research is needed to understand factors associated with successful use of telemedicine for pediatric T1D.
Liver Abnormalities in Turner Syndrome: The Importance of Estrogen Replacement
Authors: Fedor Istvan , Zold Eva , Barta Zsolt
Published: August 2022

Turner syndrome is one of the most frequently reported sex chromosomal abnormalities, affecting approximately 40 in every 100 000 live female births. The underlying chromosomal alteration is the complete or partial loss of X chromosome or mosaicism. Because of primary ovarian insufficiency, the synthesis of estrogen hormones is compromised, and patients require hormone substitution. Apart from the phenotypical presentation (short stature, primary amenorrhea), the effects of ovarian insufficiency can affect diverse organ systems (such as cardiovascular, endocrine, and lymphatic systems). Hepatobiliary pathology can present on a broad spectrum: from mild asymptomatic hypertransaminasemia to marked architectural changes. Estrogen hormone replacement therapy in these patients can improve the perturbations of laboratory values and can attenuate the progression of hepatic structural changes. Moreover, providing sufficient estrogen replacement has numerous benefits for other conditions of the patients as well. Both the all-cause mortality and deaths from cardiovascular complications are greatly increased in Turner syndrome, and hormone replacement might contribute to the decreased incidence of these events. The diagnostics of Turner syndrome are outside the scope of our paper, and we briefly discuss the cardiovascular complications because many the liver involvement partially involves alterations of vascular origin. Though we sought to highlight the importance of proper hormone replacement therapy, we did not attempt to write a comprehensive recommendation for exact treatment protocols. We provided an overview of preferred therapeutic approaches, as the treatment should be tailored according to the individual patient’s needs.
Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Midodrine in Preventing Hypotension After Spinal Anesthesia in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alseoudy Mahmoud Mohammed , Nasr Mohamed Osama , Abdelsalam Tamer Ahmed
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Midodrine was effectively used for prophylaxis against hypotensive syndromes such as postural hypotension and intradialytic hypotension, and during the recovery phase of septic shock. In our study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic administration of midodrine tablets before spinal anesthesia in reducing the occurrence of hypotension.

METHODS:

This randomized placebo-controlled study embraced 67 patients aged 18 to 40 years undergoing elective knee surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were randomized to midodrine group (given 10-mg tablets of midodrine) or placebo group (given placebo tablets), and tablets were administered 1 hour before spinal anesthesia (intrathecal injection of 12.5-mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 15-μg fentanyl). The primary outcome was the occurrence of hypotension, defined as a systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or <80% of baseline. Secondary outcomes were hemodynamic characteristics (mean arterial pressure [MAP] and heart rate [HR]) after spinal anesthesia, ephedrine dose, and occurrence of complications including bradycardia, vasovagal attacks, reactive hypertension nausea, vomiting, and shivering.

RESULTS:

The number of patients who became hypotensive after spinal anesthesia was 5 (14.7%) in midodrine group versus 14 (42.4%) in the placebo group; relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 0.35 (0.14–0.85) (P = .021). The median (interquartile range) total dose of ephedrine was significantly lower in midodrine group 0 (0–10) mg than in placebo group (0 (0–15) mg; the Hodges-Lehmann median difference (95% confidence interval) was 0 (0–5) mg (P = .015). For MAP data, the group × time interaction was significant (P = .038), and the MAP was significantly lower in the placebo group than in the midodrine group after intrathecal injection at 2 minutes (P = .047), 10 minutes (P = .045), 15 minutes (P < .001), 20 minutes (P = .007), 30 minutes (P =.013), 45 minutes (P = .029), 60 minutes (P = .029), and at the end of surgery (P < .001). For HR data, the group × time interaction was nonsignificant (P = .807), and the difference in means (95% confidence interval) between groups collapsing over time was −1.4 (−3.1 to 0.2) beats/min (P = .096). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the occurrence of complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Prophylactic administration of 10-mg midodrine tablets before spinal anesthesia is an effective method in the prevention of hypotension in young adult patients undergoing elective orthopedic knee surgery.
Climbing the Obelisk: The Trajectories of Five Women Economists in Colombia, ca. 1950–70
Authors: Guiot-Isaac Andrés , Espinel Camila Orozco
Published: August 2022

This article explores the trajectories of the first Colombian women economists. It sheds light on how differences between women's and men's experiences structured the process of becoming and working as economists and more generally the professional development of economics in the country. The article focuses on the trajectories of five women who graduated between the 1950s and the early 1970s and who had exceptionally successful careers. It shows how the late professionalization of economics in Colombia and access to international credentials created specific opportunities and challenges for women economists. During their professional trajectory, the group of women who constitute the focus group of this article resorted to a mix of professional strategies, which included mobilizing resources by securing the support of male figures, such as fathers and mentors; striking a balance between showing an intrepid character and developing a sense of pragmatism; and delegating part of the care and domestic tasks that were expected from them as wives and mothers to other women less endowed with economic, social, and academic capital.
Nazism as Inhumanity: Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt on Race and Language
Authors: Suuronen Ville
Published: August 2022

Drawing on a large array of less-known materials, this article offers a new comparison of Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt by focusing on their opposing understandings of National Socialism as a novel political ideology. While Schmitt’s Nazi writings theorize a new kind of racial politics under Nazi rule, Arendt’s political thought develops as a systematic critique and response to the histories of antisemitism, imperialism, and totalitarianism. After joining the Nazi Party in 1933, Schmitt endorsed the expulsion of Jewish intellectuals from Germany, celebrated the burning of their writings (including those of Arendt), and supported the process of Gleichschaltung as the first steps in creating a nazified Germany. While Schmitt claimed that the Jews have no access to German substance, culture, and language, noting that “the Jew lies when he speaks German,” Arendt always emphasized that for her, Germany meant precisely “the mother tongue, the philosophy and the poetry.” Relying on thus far unacknowledged biographical and theoretical contrasts, this article aims to show that Schmitt and Arendt understand the political meanings of race and language in a radically different manner.
Mabuse Returns: Fritz Lang, 1950s Berlin, and the Afterlife of Nazi Television
Authors: Henkel Brook
Published: August 2022

Fritz Lang’s film The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse (1960) stands out among West German cinema of the Adenauer years for its attention to urban space and the afterlife of Nazism in the postwar era. This article rereads the film as an incisive representation of the new mobilities and historically layered spaces and infrastructure of 1950s Berlin, a representation informed by Lang’s exile experience and Hollywood film noir. By newly contextualizing the film in relation to the history of Nazi television, as well as Siegfried Kracauer’s and Theodor W. Adorno’s early postwar writings, the article reconstructs the film’s interconnections with critical discourses on the afterlife of fascist terror, authoritarianism, and irrationality in postwar urban space, media, and astrology. It demonstrates further the importance of rereading Lang, and cinema in general, in close relation to other media like television.
“When It's Dark in the East, It's Light in the West”: Lifelong Venturing and Accelerated Temporality in Beijing's Urban Villages
Authors: Zhan Yang
Published: August 2022

For decades, Chinese rural migrants have been understood as engaging in dagong 打工 (working for a boss), or the selling of their waged labor, conditioned by the global production chain, dormitory regimes, and exploitive labor relations within and beyond factories. Meanwhile, chuangdang 闯荡 (venturing) as a life project that either opposes or extends dagong has been neglected in scholarly studies. Venturing refers to a spatiotemporal condition defined by the uniqueness of urban villages where rural migrants participate in the informal economy on the urban fringes and attach themselves to entrepreneurship and mobility. It is also a multifaceted presentism produced out of the following spatiotemporal conditions: (1) the sense of urgency to get ahead in spatial temporality; (2) an optimistic relationship with unpredictability; and (3) the technologies of mobility in the name of freedom. By highlighting the dilemmas that propel and hinder rural migrants, this article argues that the cultural politics of venturing are a condition that renders rural migrants economically aggressive, yet politically passive. Thereby, it not only prolongs rural migrants’ mobile lives on the urban fringes, but also dampens political actions that claim space through resistance.
A Ritual Geology
Authors: d'Avignon Robyn
Published: August 2022

Set against the ongoing corporate enclosure of West Africa’s goldfields, A Ritual Geology tells the untold history of one of the world’s oldest indigenous gold mining industries: Francophone West Africa’s orpaillage. Establishing African miners as producers of subterranean knowledge, Robyn d’Avignon uncovers a dynamic “ritual geology” of techniques and cosmological engagements with the earth developed by agrarian residents of gold-bearing rocks in savanna West Africa. Colonial and corporate exploration geology in the region was built upon the ritual knowledge, gold discoveries, and skilled labor of African miners even as states racialized African mining as archaic, criminal, and pagan. Spanning the medieval and imperial past to the postcolonial present, d’Avignon weaves together long-term ethnographic and oral historical work in southeastern Senegal with archival and archeological evidence from Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, and Mali. A Ritual Geology introduces transnational geological formations as a new regional framework for African studies, environmental history, and anthropology.
The contradictory effects of coffee intake on periodontal health: a systematic review
Authors: Bramantoro Taufan , Zulfiana Amalia Ayu , Amir Muhammad Subhan , Irmalia Wahyuning Ratih , Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Krismariono Agung
Published: August 2022

Background: Drinking coffee is known to have both positive and negative aftermath on periodontal health. The current study is aiming to systematically review the impact of coffee consumption on periodontal health status. Methods: An article search was carried out in two electronic databases (PUBMED and Web of Sciences). The assessment of the included articles were conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Result: A total of 10 articles were included in this study. Most (5) of the studies discovered a negative correlation between coffee intake and periodontal health, while 4 other studies found the protective effect of daily coffee consumption against alveolar bone loss. Last, only one study found that coffee intake did not relate with periodontitis. Conclusion: The effect of coffee consumption on periodontal health was fragmented since coffee has complex components that may give either beneficial effects or negative impact on periodontal health.
A cross-sectional analysis identifies a low prevalence of Plasmodium ovale curtisi infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Kilifi county, Kenya.
Authors: Akinyi Mercy Yvonne , Chifwete Margaret , Ndwiga Leonard , Kimenyi Kelvin Muteru , Osoti Victor , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella
Published: August 2022

Background: The focus on P. falciparum diagnosis has led to an underestimation of the global burden of malaria resulting from neglected Plasmodium species. However, there is still scarce data on the prevalence of P. ovale globally. To address this knowledge gap, data collected from cross-sectional studies in Kilifi county were used to: 1) determine the prevalence of P. ovale curtisi infections; and 2) determine the sensitivity of different diagnostic assays in detecting P. ovale curtisi infections.

Methods: A total of 531 individuals were sampled across three study sites in Kilifi County, Kenya between 2009 and 2020. Blood smears were prepared from peripheral blood and screened for Plasmodium parasite stages using light microscopy. Molecular screening involved DNA extraction of dried blood spots and blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the 18 small ribosomal subunit and sequencing.

Results: Microscopy screening revealed that the most prevalent species was P. falciparum (32.0%) followed by P. malariae (9.0%) and then P. ovale (1.5%). PCR screening identified additional P. ovale curtisi positives cases. Overall, 48 (8.2%) out of the 531 individuals harbored P. ovale curtisi infection with the highest prevalence reported in the tertiary health facility, (14.6%, 95% CI 8-23.6%), followed by the primary health facility (8.6%, 95% CI 5.4-11.9%), and the community from a cross-sectional blood survey, (6.5%, 95% CI 3.0-11.8%). Microscopy screening for P. ovale had a low sensitivity of 7% (95% CI 1-19-30%) and a high specificity of 99% (95% CI 98-100%). Sequencing results confirmed the presence of P.ovale curtisi.

Conclusions: This study provides baseline data for P.ovale curtisi surveillance  in Kilifi County, primarily using PCR to improve diagnosis. These results suggest that malaria elimination and eradication efforts should not only concentrate on P. falciparum but should embrace a holistic approach towards elimination of all Plasmodium species.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF FILTRATION OF NON- NEUTONIAN SUSPENSION IN PRE-WASH FILTERS
Authors: Ibyatov Ravil
Published: August 2022

The research was carried out with the aim of mathematical modeling of the process of filtering finely dispersed non-Newtonian suspensions in intermittent pre-wash filters. The power-law fluid model is used to describe the rheological state of the medium. At the beginning of the filtration cycle, a layer of auxiliary material is washed, which is used as a filtering partition. A finely dispersed suspension during the filtration process forms a second layer, as it grows, the resistance to the flow of the liquid phase increases. The filtration cycle ends after reaching the critical values of pressure or productivity, depending on the operating mode of the device. Filtration equations are written in a cylindrical coordinate system separately for each layer. At the interface between the layers, pressure and velocity jumps arising due to the difference in porosity are taken into account. To calculate the thickness of the formed sediment layer, a differential equation was built. It is shown that the constructed mathematical model can be used to calculate the filtration of suspensions with a linear model of the rheological state, if the passage to the limit is performed. It is also shown that after passing to the limit, the results of the work allow modeling the process of filtering non-Newtonian media in plate-type filters. Numerical calculations are carried out for the filtration mode with a constant speed. The regularities of the effect of equivalent viscosity, the degree of medium nonlinearity, as well as the initial concentration of the dispersed phase on the filtration process were studied. It is shown that with an increase in these parameters, the pressure limit in the apparatus reaches earlier, which will lead to a reduction in the filter cycle time.
IMPROVEMENT OF WATER-STORAGE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOIL TREATMENT AND SOWING
Authors: Mazitov Nazib , Valiev Ayrat , Sharafiev Lenar , Mukhametshin Ilshat
Published: August 2022

Fundamentally new machines for agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan began to be created in 1980, when they concluded an Agreement on creative cooperation between Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Kazan), the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering (VISKhom, Moscow), the All-Union Institute of Mechanization (VIM, Moscow) , Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Regions of the Non-Chernozem Zone (Nemchinovka), Head Specialized Design Bureau for cultivators and couplers “Krasny Aksay”, Rostov-on-Don), Head Specialized Design Bureau PO “Sibselmash” (Novosibirsk), Lithuanian MIS (Kaunas), Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture (ChIMESKh, Chelyabinsk), Volgograd Tractor Plant (Volgograd). Such an extensive composition was needed in order to use all the achievements of the country on the problem and the applicability of technology not only in Tatarstan, but to have an extensive sales market and global competitiveness. The scientific management of the complex work was taken over by the Deputy Director for Agricultural Engineering of TatNIISH, Professor Mazitov N.K. Academicians V.M. Kryazhkov, L.P. Kormanovsky, V.V. Blednykh, I.S. Shatilov, T.S. Maltsev. The results of the research showed multiple advantages of the Tatarstan-Yaroslavl-Ural complex over foreign analogues in terms of productivity - up to 2 times (for the entire technology - up to 10.8 times), in terms of metal consumption - up to 3-4 times, in terms of resource saving - up to 4-5 times. times, in terms of price - up to 7 times, in terms of productivity and profitability - up to 2 times in the production of up to 85% of bakery organic wheat of the 3rd class and the exclusion of the death of bees in rapeseed crops. In 2015, the work was completed as the first in Russia multiple-import outpacing and approved by the visiting meeting of the section of mechanization, electrification and automation of the department of agriculture of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Kazan State Agrarian University. A special advantage of the work is the high effect in areas of insufficient moisture in the Volga region, the Southern Urals, the Trans-Urals, and Siberia.
RESEARCH OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE VALVES TIMING
Authors: Максимов  , Zimina Larisa , Adigamov Nail , Ziganshin Bulat
Published: August 2022

Improving the characteristics of the internal combustion engine of an agricultural vehicle is possible by using a hydraulic actuator of the electronically controlled gas distribution valves. The drive ensures the opening of the engine valves by the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders when oil is pumped into them, the valves are closed using valve springs when the oil is drained from the hydraulic cylinders. The advantages of the hydraulic drive are: the ability to turn off the engine cylinders, an increase in the speed of opening and closing the valves of the gas distribution mechanism, no need to adjust the thermal clearances, a constant speed of the valves landing on the saddles. The hydraulic drive is integrated into the engine lubrication system. The working body of the hydraulic drive is engine oil with a pressure of 8 MPa, created by a separate pump. The physical and mathematical model of a hydraulic valve drive in the Simulink environment takes into account hydraulic pressure losses, various inertial effects, elastic-deformation interaction between drive elements, and inductance of solenoid valve coils. The experimental setup includes: a KAMAZ 740 engine, a hydraulic drive for two valves of one cylinder head, measuring equipment. The results of the experiments were recorded using a high-speed movie camera. The determination of the kinematic characteristics of the valves of the gas distribution mechanism was carried out by processing the video frames of the shooting at a known frequency of their fixation. The results of experiments coincide with the results of calculations. The speed of movement of the engine valves, thanks to the use of a hydraulic actuator, is significantly increased compared to the use of a traditional mechanical actuator. The time delay between the supply of an electrical signal to the electromagnetic valves and the response of the hydraulic drive to it is determined. The results obtained make it possible to start creating a serial hydraulic valve drive that improves engine parameters by intensifying and controlling the gas exchange of the engine cylinder with the environment