bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Opportunities that the Covid-19 Pandemic has Shown us
Authors: Avramov Toma
Published: March 2024

Emerging or re-emerging viral infections significantly affect human health. In recent decades, we have observed the emergence of new diseases in different geographical areas caused by a large number of highly pathogenic viruses belonging to the families Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Togaviridae and Hepeviridae. All of them have a zoonotic origin. Climatic and environmental changes, population mobility, uneven population density, unequal sanitary conditions, change in animal habitats and anthropophilic vectors have led to increased pressure on the host-pathogenenvironment system. The more we impact on the nature, the more likely we are to disrupt ecosystems and create conditions for diseases to develop and spread. Conclusion: The possibility suggested by the last pandemic is that only linking the One health approach to the infectious spectrum, dietary interventions, factors determining human susceptibility to infections, vaccinations-universal, unrelated and local, testing platforms for potential pathogens, pre- and probiotics will help us better deal with such challenges. All of them can help us in developing effective control and protection measures against viral pathogens. Differences in emerging and reemerging infections must be considered. Knowing and properly using the negative interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens and the human microbiota and inhibiting their positive interactions will help us in combining pharmacological, nonpharmacological and dietary interventions in the personalized treatment of patients with diseases caused by viral pathogens.
Pengaruh Efektifitas Disiplin kerja Terhadap Kinerja guru Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kecamatan Kepenuhan Hulu, Rokan Hulu
Authors: Tri Kumala Dewi  , Nurhafizah  , Dadan Suryana
Published: March 2024

Kurangnya kedisiplin seorang pendidik dalam lingkugan sekolah yang membuat proses pembelajaran kurang berkualitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menjabarkan bagaimana pengaruh efektifitas disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja guru di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitaif dengan metode survey atau bisa digunakan dengan penelitian yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dari seluruh guru di Taman Kanak-kanak Kecamatan Kepenuhan Hulu, Kabupaten Rokan dari 8 sekolah dan Responden adalah 25 guru. Berdasarkan survey yang diberikan pada guru dengan hasilnya variabel kinerja guru yang berjumlah 24 butir, maka skor terendah adalah 54 dan yang tertinggi adalah 97 Rata-rata 92,02; simpangan baku 12,51; median 91,46; dan modus 88,17. Sebaran data ini menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata, median dan modus tidak jauh berbeda, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran data cenderung berdistribusi normal dan variabel disiplin kerja yang berjumlah 20 butir, maka skor terendah adalah 48 dan yang tertinggi adalah 102 Rata-rata 91,39; simpangan baku 14,12; median 90,50; dan modus 89,96. Sebaran data ini menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata, median dan modus tidak jauh berbeda, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran data cenderung berdistribusi normal. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Disiplin kerja yang tercermin dari kesadaran, kesediaan, kepatuhan dan etika kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru yang tercermin dari kualitas kerja, ketepatan kerja, inisiatif dalam kerja, kemampuan kerja dan komunikasi.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Mining Industry: Exploring Perspectives of Host Communities in a Developing Country
Authors: Amos Gideon Jojo , Boahen Seth
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to explore the social and environmental issues that are of priority/importance to the mining host communities in a developing country-Ghana. To explore the social and environmental issues that are of priority/importance to the mining host communities in a developing country, this study used Ghana as a test case and conducted 18 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with respondents drawn from the mining host communities of Prestea and Bogosu. The findings show that members of the host communities–the group deemed to be the most powerful and legitimacy-conferring stakeholder placed pressure (i.e., expectations and/or concerns) on the mining firms that operate in the host communities in terms of their social and environmental performance. Five themes, i.e., general categories, emerged from the data of this study in terms of the social and environmental issues that are of priority/importance to the host communities: a prioritisation of community development projects, environmental/sustainability-related issues, employment of indigenes/local enterprise development, communication of social responsibility information and preservation of local culture and tradition. This study is an exploratory study based on only 18 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, i.e., using purposive sampling. The implication of this study is that because developing countries have similar socioeconomic, cultural, and geopolitical features, the finding of this study may be relevant to researchers and policymakers in developing countries where multinational mining companies (MMCs) operate. Although mining communities’ awareness regarding corporate social responsibility has increased in recent decades, to date, we know little about the social and environmental issues that are of priority/importance to the host communities of mining firms in developing countries.
ChatGPT on the Sagnac Effect
Authors: Stávek Jiří
Published: March 2024

This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the Sagnac effect. ChatGPT reviewed the history of this effect, responded with a list of important scholars in this field of research, gave a list of the most stimulating papers and mentioned also a list of alternative interpretations of the Sagnac effect together with some papers not so often cited. ChatGPT gave some proposals for future research in this field, how to penetrate deeper to the core of this effect. This could be a quick start in this field for newcomers.
Ensuring uniformity of measurements in the European Metrology Cloud
Authors: Bubela Tetyana , Yatsuk Vasyl , Mykyjchuk Mykola , Kochan Orest , Yatsuk Yuriy
Published: March 2024

The main requirements for the calibration of measuring channels of distributed measuring instruments at the operation site are described. When preparing for calibration, the use of portable discharge working measurement standards, which consist of a reference voltage source and a divider, is substantiated. The proposed structure of the device for calibration is based on a divider of single-nominal resistors and corresponding algorithms for processing the conversion results. The feasibility of using a divider in which the resistors are closed in a ring is substantiated. To ensure the invariance to residual parameters of switching elements when implementing several evenly spaced calibration points in the conversion range, a potential-current switching of both the input reference voltage and the output converted voltage is proposed. In addition, a method to correct the equivalent additive error component of the entire measuring channel during its calibration is proposed. The expediency of the studied measuring channels to obtain intermediate conversion results is shown. An algorithm and method of processing intermediate conversion results to obtain code values at all calibration points are proposed. To process these results, it is advisable to apply an additional software in the European Metrology Cloud. It is shown that the calibration error of the measuring channels at the operation site is determined by the error of the reference voltage source.
Study of reading errors when calibrating analog ohmmeters
Authors: Zakharov Igor , Botsiura Olesia , Semenikhin Valerii
Published: March 2024

The features of calibration of analog ohmmeters are considered. Two measurement schemes for calibration were studied: using a multivalued standard measure, which makes it possible to set the ohmmeter readings to the calibrated scale mark, and by a direct measurement of the resistance value of a standard single-valued measure using a calibrated ohmmeter. It is shown that in the first case, the reading error includes two components: the error due to the phenomenon of parallax and the error in aligning the ohmmeter needle with the calibrated scale mark. In the second case, instead of the last component, it is necessary to take into account the interpolation error. Expressions for the uncertainty evaluation of corrections for all components of the reading error for linear and nonlinear ohmmeter scales are given. Formulas have been obtained that make it possible to calculate the measured resistance value in the event that the ohmmeter needle falls between the marks of a nonlinear scale.
Study of metrological characteristics of the state primary measurement standard of volume flow and mass consumption of liquid in preparation for participation in international comparisons
Authors: Aschepkov Valeriy
Published: March 2024

The paper discusses the results of a study of metrological characteristics of the state primary measurement standard of volume flow and mass consumption of liquid, as well as the volume and mass of liquid flowing through pipelines (DETU 03-04-04). The study was conducted at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” in preparation for international comparisons. Metrological characteristics of the components of the state measurement standard were studied, including the stability of the flow by experimentally determining the standard measurement uncertainty of the mass consumption of liquid at the measurement section of the standard. Based on the obtained results, the measurement standard was modernized. In addition, the paper discusses possible directions for further research aimed at improving measurement methods and analysing the measurement uncertainty of Type A. Further work in this direction can contribute to increasing the competitiveness across the national and international metrological community. The paper also examines the procedure for processing measurement results during international comparisons and identifies basic requirements for complying with international standards for further research of the measurement standard to meet these requirements.

Metrological comparisons are an important part of metrology, as they ensure the equivalence of measurement units, which is essential for ensuring uniformity of measurements in various industrial and scientific areas. Such measures do not only promote scientific progress, but also ensure high standards of quality and safety in modern society. The results of this research will help to prepare for international comparisons, which are important for comparing measurement units. This, in turn, will contribute to more efficient transfer of measurement units to secondary measurement standards and measuring instruments.
A statistical method for the assessment of metrological characteristics of reference materials
Authors: Skliarov Volodymyr , Ozerskyi Kostiantyn , Pustovyi Andrii
Published: March 2024

Standard reference materials of the composition and properties of substances and materials are used in both industrial and non-industrial sectors of society to ensure measurement uniformity and traceability in those types of measurements that cannot be provided using standards.

During times of war and increased nuclear threat due to a full-scale invasion by an aggressor state, there is a need for heightened attention to the verification of ionizing radiation detection blocks, measurement channels of radiation monitoring systems, radiometers, and radiometric installations, as well as alpha, beta, and gamma radiation spectrometers.

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the method to evaluate the measurement uncertainty of reference materials (Europium-152 (Eu-152), Сaesium-137 (Cs-137), and Thorium-232 (Th-232)) when they are generated and calibrated according to the international regulations. The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of a radioactive reference material with a natural half-life period is relevant and valid, considering its homogeneity properties and stability. To assess the properties, as well as the measurement uncertainty, one-variant variance analysis was performed.
Determinants and consequences of the deformation of individual legal awareness under the negative conditions of the modern world
Authors: Parkhomenko N. M. , Tymoshenko V. I.
Published: March 2024

The essence of individual legal consciousness, the factors leading to its deformation, and the consequences that arise in this case are considered. Legal consciousness is presented as a person’s personal attitude to law and its mental reflection, which can manifest itself in different ways under different conditions. The importance of objective and subjective factors that create a high level of anxiety of an individual, increase his despair in his future, deform individual legal awareness and negatively affect legal behavior is determined. Such important subjective determinants are the general level of an individual’s intellectual development, his worldview, self-esteem, individual psychological characteristics, mental state, etc. The direct proportional dependence between the deformation of legal consciousness and illegal behavior and destabilizing and traumatizing factors that threaten human safety is substantiated. Attention is focused on objective factors that do not depend on the will of a person, but influence his life. Economic factors deserve special attention, namely economic crisis, unemployment, poverty of a large part of the population, inflation. Particularly dangerous determinants of legal awareness are war and the related threat to human life, health, rights and freedoms, as well as corruption, injustice, crime, the consequence of which is social tension and despair of people regarding the opportunities to provide themselves with decent living conditions, or even survive Establishing the role of personal factors in the deformation of legal awareness, studying and analyzing criminogenic situations from the point of view of their subjective perception by the individual - all this will contribute to expanding the capabilities of law enforcement agencies in the field of crime prediction and prevention. The state has the duty to prevent threats to the welfare of society and the quality of life of the country’s citizens. A state striving to achieve progress in overcoming illegal behavior must fight corruption and injustice, and ensure equality of all before the law.
Certain aspects of the problems of establishing marital and family relations according to the law of ancient eastern countries
Authors: Petsa D. D.
Published: March 2024

It is pointed out that the issue of marriage and family relations of the Ancient World era and, in particular, Ancient Eastern societies, has always been in the field of view of domestic and foreign researchers. Such scientific interest in it is quite understandable in view of the need to clarify the essence of the emergence of the institution of the family, the factors that determined the evolution of this social phenomenon, the adjustment of the legal regulation of this process in the direction of optimizing marital and family relations in accordance with the level of development of society at each of the its stages. One cannot but agree, in this connection, with the opinion of the famous American philosopher of German origin, Felix Adler, that «the family is a society in miniature, on the integrity of which depends the safety of the entire large human society».

The article is devoted to the analysis of certain aspects of the process of formation of marriage and family institutions under the law of the countries of the Ancient East. An attempt was made to reveal certain regularities of this process, in particular, the nature of the family as a social institution, marriage as a form of its realization in the oldest local civilizations of the Near East known to science. A partial comparative and legal analysis of the features of this segment of social relations in certain states of the Ancient East was carried out and the factors that, in the opinion of the author, determined these features were outlined.

In a broad context, it was established that family, marriage, as a form of its implementation, are dynamic social institutions that are directly dependent on the level of development of society. Therefore, their form and content must correspond to the nature of social relations, establish the principles that are dominant in this society, while ensuring its harmonious development.
Establishment of the external functions of the state in the practice of Ukrainian state-formation
Authors: Skomorovskyi V. B.
Published: March 2024

Ukraine is a free and independent state from a legal point of view. However, today, in the conditions of external military aggression, our state is forced to defend its right to independence. Such a situation necessitates the development of effective mechanisms for state creation and state restoration, and a fundamental revision of existing approaches in this regard. It is known that the appointment of each state has its own dynamics. It depends on a certain state of society, social tasks and is specified primarily in the relevant directions of its activity - functions. According to the most common definition in the scientific literature, the functions of the state should be understood as the main directions of its activity. The article emphasizes that the practice of state formation in each state follows its own historical path. The study of historical events is relevant for most areas of scientific research, as they allow to consider issues much more broadly. For this reason, the study of the formation of the external functions of the state in the practice of Ukrainian state-building is not excluded. Historical and legal aspects of the genesis of Ukraine’s external functions on the way to the search for improving the elements of modern state-building are extremely important and relevant, because their proper study provides an opportunity to reflect the same long and complex path as the history of the formation of the state itself. The formation of external functions has long traditions, is always relevant and extremely important at the stage of legal analysis in the general system of legal sciences, primarily in the science of theory and history of the state and law. This scientific article analyzes the periods of pre-state formations, as well as the reigns of notable princes of Kyivan Rus, who laid a solid foundation for Ukrainian statehood. It is noted that for many years already after the disintegration of Kyivan Rus, the situation, as well as the formation of external functions, was poorly implemented. A new historical stage in the development of Ukrainian diplomacy came after July 16, 1990, when the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine. This made it possible to qualitatively ensure the implementation of Ukraine’s external functions in the following historical periods.
Basic principles of personal data processing and protection
Authors: Halinkina V. S.
Published: March 2024

The development of an information society that prefers quick and remote resolution of issues, including on the Internet, raises the issue of protecting information and data disseminated and provided by personal data subjects. People do not want to transmit personal information without a clear understanding that it will be protected and not used, or to transfer it unnecessarily to third parties, because most of this information is identifying and personal, and in some cases even «sensitive». In this case, persons who transfer, process, or store personal data must be guided by legal grounds that determine the course of such actions. The fundamental concepts that must be followed in any operations with personal data are the principles. Principles are the basic framework that everyone in this process must adhere to, and failure to do so entails legal liability.

The institute of personal data protection is relatively new, therefore, with the development of this institute, legislation at various levels develops and improves the basic provisions and general principles of personal data protection. At present, the general principles of personal data processing and protection can be summarised as: transparency, fairness, lawfulness, purpose limitation, data minimisation, data accuracy, data retention period limitation, data security and the principle of accountability.

Such principles are enshrined in the General Data Protection Regulation and meet the main goal, namely to define the standards on the basis of which personal data should be collected, processed, transferred, stored, and destroyed. The existence of such principles and, most importantly, their consolidation in regulatory legal acts that are binding for all and are primarily necessary to preserve and not restrict the right to privacy and the right to protection of personal data, the right to privacy. The general principles of legitimate operations with personal information provide for notification of the person who provides his/her personal data about the purpose of processing and all the details concerning future actions with the provided information and regulation, limitation and determination of liability for violation of the principles of processing and protection of personal data for the person who further carries out the specified operations.
Human rights and information security in the conditions of military aggression
Authors: Kucher V. O.
Published: March 2024

According to the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, human rights and freedoms are inalienable and inviolable. Constitutional rights and freedoms, the list of which is not exhaustive, are guaranteed and cannot be revoked. Human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the content and direction of state activity.

In the conditions of Russian aggression, one of the priorities for the state should be ensuring the principles of legality and the rule of law. The role of the state is to assert and ensure human rights and freedoms, which follows from the content of Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine and is the main duty of the state.

In the conditions of martial law, the state is unable to fully guarantee human rights, since the military aggression of the Russian Federation requires the state to implement unpopular measures that limit individual rights of citizens to ensure the safety and effectiveness of defense actions. However, this does not mean that the rights and freedoms of citizens should be completely ignored. Ukraine should take measures to guarantee compliance with the rights of individuals. To do this, it is necessary to improve the legal regulation of the protection of the rights of individuals and bring it into line with the requirements of international standards.

The limitations of the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen in the conditions of martial law defined by the Constitution of Ukraine are based on the security concept of Ukraine and are covered by the concept of security. In the conditions of war, the emphasis on identifying threats changes in the direction of narrowing human rights, guided by the need to ensure impact on potential and existing threats.

In the conditions of martial law, the implementation of cyber strategies, which take into account potential cyber threats and determine measures to ensure security in the digital space, should become a priority direction. It is necessary to create an effective mechanism that would ensure state information security and respect for human rights, in particular in the temporarily occupied territories. Solving these problems requires a comprehensive approach, which will include technical security measures, legislative and regulatory initiatives of state legal institutions.
Standards for resolving electoral disputes: concepts and their genesis
Authors: Shevchuk V. A.
Published: March 2024

Elections are the cornerstone of any democratic society. They represent the voice of the people and the legitimacy of those in power. It should be noted that ensuring democratic stability and maintaining the integrity of the democratic process directly depends on the standards of electoral dispute resolution, and thus the attention paid to this institution is quite obvious and justified. We believe that from the very beginning of democracy, there were also mechanisms to protect and guarantee it. Therefore, in order to analyse the approaches to the concept of standards in electoral dispute resolution, it is necessary to study their understanding and application in the judicial process, in particular. We believe that from the very beginning of democracy, there were also mechanisms for its protection and guarantee of electoral rights. What is the essence of the concept of «standards for electoral dispute resolution» and is it really necessary? When answering the above questions, we should keep in mind the conflict potential of the electoral institution caused by the thirst for power. In turn, we note that it is the implementation of international standards in the resolution of electoral disputes that will guarantee the proper resolution of such disputes. However, in order to talk about the concept of international standards of electoral dispute resolution, it is necessary to understand the essence of this legal phenomenon. International standards for electoral dispute resolution should be understood as a set of norms adopted in international law and ratified into national legislation under the guise of democratic principles, legal or regulatory acts that promote proper regulation of social relations before, during and after the electoral process in order to ensure citizens’ free, real and fair active and passive suffrage.

In order to ensure the normal functioning of the electoral system as a whole and to resolve such disputes, standards for their resolution should be developed, improved and unified, but this is already the next topic of our research.
Civil and legal aspects of digital privacy
Authors: Biryukova A. G. , Kolisnykova H. V.
Published: March 2024

The article seeks to outline the ways to optimize the existing legislation to ensure a balance between the right to privacy and the needs of state security, economic development and information transparency. The purpose of the article is to analyze the civil law aspects of digital privacy in Ukraine, to identify the main problems and challenges arising from the development of digital technologies and the Internet. Particular attention is paid to the legal framework governing the protection of personal data, as well as to the analysis of open data and its impact on the economy and society. The study of civil law aspects of digital privacy in Ukraine addressed a number of key issues related to the protection of personal information of individuals in the digital space. The analysis showed that digital privacy covers a wide range of data, from personal identifiers to behavioral patterns of users on the Internet. Particular attention was paid to the right of individuals to control access to and use of their data, which is critical to ensuring privacy in the online environment. The study also revealed the existence of constitutional tensions between the right to freedom of speech and the need to ensure state security, which affects the scope and limits of digital privacy. The absence of a clear distinction and definition between «confidential information about a person» and «personal data» in the legislation creates additional difficulties for the legal regulation of this area. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to digital privacy regulation, which would include the integration of various legislative norms and adaptation to the current challenges of the digital age. In addition, the study highlights the importance of adequate regulation of the collection and use of information through cookies and IP addresses to protect users’ personal data. In summary, the study emphasizes the relevance of the topic of digital privacy and identifies key areas for further development of legal regulation in this area in Ukraine, with a view to ensuring a balance between the rights of individuals and the interests of the State.
Appeal of notarial deeds or refusal to perform them in court in Ukraine during the soviet period
Authors: Dzhuga M. V.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the judicial control of notarial activities during the Soviet rule on Ukrainian lands and is designed to analyze the history of notarial actions being appealed to the court or refusal to perform them under the Soviet notarial and procedural legislation.

It is noted that at the beginning In the 20th century, when independent states were proclaimed in Ukraine, the political leadership was not engaged in reforming the notary, and therefore for some time the imperial legislation (of Austria-Hungary and Russia) regulated the institution of judicial control over the performance of notarial acts or refusal to perform them. However, the defeat in the Soviet-Ukrainian war (1917–1921) led to the beginning of the Soviet stage in the history of the Ukrainian notary.

It is indicated that in the first stages of Soviet power, the notary institution declined, as the prerequisites for the activity of a notary were not formed, but with the beginning of a new economic policy, the need for notaries arose again, which actualized the development of mechanisms for judicial control of their activities. It is claimed that the Soviet institution of challenging notarial acts or refusal to perform them, introduced by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1924, was almost entirely based on the legislation of Tsarist Russia. However, the main difference was that complaints against the actions of notaries regarding the performance of a notarial act or refusal to perform it began to be filed according to the rules of civil procedure. Such cases were classified by the legislator as cases of a separate proceeding, since they did not involve the resolution of a civil law dispute, in respect of which a notarial act was performed.

The institution of appealing to the court of notarial actions or refusal to perform them underwent significant changes after the adoption of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Ukrainian SSR in 1963, where it was stipulated that, based on the results of the review of complaints against notaries, a decision should be made, rather than a court decision. According to such a decision, the court could cancel the performed notarial act or oblige the notary (an official who performs notarial acts) to perform it.

It is claimed that the Soviet model of contesting notarial actions or refusing to perform them in court operated in Ukraine for a long period of time, because the Soviet procedural legislation remained in force, and the notarial legislation of Ukraine in terms of judicial control over notarial activity actually resembled the Soviet one.
The Formation and Legal Status of the Crimean Democratic Republic (late 1917 – early 1918)
Authors: Hutiv B. I.
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the events preceding the establishment of the Crimean Democratic Republic in 1917 and characterizes its legal status.

The author establishes that the territory of Crimea was the core of the Crimean Khanate, which was annexed by the russian Empire in 1783 in violation of the Kyuchuk-Kainarji Peace Treaty. The century of the russian Empire’s domination of Crimea remains in history as the “black century”, which led to the depressed state of the Crimean Tatar people, which objectively raised the task of its social and national liberation, accelerating the process of transformation into a modern nation.

It is established that in the 1880s the process of Crimean Tatar revival, i.e. the formation of a modern ethnonation, began. The impetus for this process was the creation of the first printed edition of the Crimean Tatar people, the enlightened public newspaper Terdzhiman in 1883. The next significant event in the struggle of the Crimean Tatar people for their independence was the creation of the organization “Vatan” in 1908 by Noman Çelebijihan.

Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the author establishes that the national liberation movement in Crimea was the equivalent of the Ukrainian National Congress in April 1917. In particular, in 1917, several processes took place in Crimea: the democratic revolution, ukrainianization and the revival of Crimean Tatar national statehood. In December, the First Kurultai decided to establish the Crimean Tatar Democratic Republic and form the Crimean Tatar national government. The first democratic constitution of the Crimean Tatar people was created, which declared the principles of separation of powers, equality of all citizens before the law, freedom of religion, etc. However, in January 1918, the Bolshevik army seized the territory of the peninsula and began the Red Terror, which resulted in the termination of the Crimean Democratic Republic.
Classification of restrictions on the exercise of subjective family rights
Authors: Lohvinova M. V.
Published: March 2024

One of the traditional ways of cognition of any phenomenon is its classification, which is a logical process of division into certain types according to specific criteria. The classification makes it possible to form the basis for a special study of the implementation of restrictions on the exercise of subjective family rights. The classification of restrictions to family rights in the works of family law specialists is studied rather fragmentarily, since until recently this topic has not attracted attention of scholars. Instead, in the author’s opinion, classification as a special method makes it possible to reveal the concept of restrictions on subjective family rights; to identify the correlation between the categories «limits of family law» and «restrictions on the exercise of family rights»; and to consider «encumbrance of family rights» as a separate type of individual restrictions on the exercise of subjective rights which are imposed on family rights of a property nature.

The classification of restrictions on the exercise of family rights may be made according to various criteria. However, the article focuses on the criterion of «grounds for establishment», since it can be used to determine the essence and features of the types of such restrictions. The author distinguishes and characterizes such types of restrictions on the exercise of family rights as normative (legislative) and individual ones.In turn, each of the studied types of restrictions on the exercise of family rights is also not homogeneous and includes certain subtypes. In particular, the normative restrictions on the exercise of family rights are grouped by their scope into general normative limits determined by the basic principles of exercise of subjective family rights; general normative limits on the exercise of subjective family rights determined by the general provisions of family law and relating to the exercise of any family rights; special normative limits on the exercise of subjective family rights determined by special provisions of family law and relating to the exercise of certain types of family rights.In turn, individual restrictions on the exercise of subjective family rights, due to the detailed criterion of the grounds for their establishment, are divided into those established by family agreements and those established by individual legal acts (court decisions, acts of guardianship and custody authorities, etc.). By applying the classification method, the author states that the establishment of restrictions on a certain subjective family right should be viewed as a narrowing of the freedom of behavior of a person vested with the relevant right.
The principle of procedural economy in judicial proceeding (discussion aspects)
Authors: Snidevych O. S.
Published: March 2024

This article analyzes the problematic issues of the principle of procedural economy in judicial proceedings.

It is determined that, based on the philological approach, the principle of procedural economy in judicial proceedings means frugality, economy in spending something in a judicial proceeding.

The author emphasizes that sometimes, under the guise of observance of the principle of procedural economy, the judicial proceedings implement ideas which, under certain conditions, are quite far from procedural economy. Such is the idea introduced by the Supreme Court into the court practice of the impossibility of the plaintiff’s use of an ineffective method of protection of the violated right when applying to court. The study concluded that under certain conditions it promotes procedural economy, but is questionable given its possible inconsistency with current legislation and the principle of discretionary judicial proceedings. In some cases, the application of effective remedy provisions is detrimental to procedural economy. An example of this may be a court’s dismissal of a claim on the grounds that the plaintiff has filed a claim with an ineffective remedy at the cassation stage. The author concludes that a cassation court has no right to dismiss a claim on the grounds that the plaintiff has chosen an ineffective method of defense of the violated right, if the lower courts (first instance or appellate court) have not done so after having protected the plaintiff’s right. This is due to the existence of the principle of procedural economy in judicial proceedings. It would be advisable to enshrine the relevant criterion in case law and procedural legislation.

The author critically assesses the opinion expressed in science that the content of the principle of procedural economy includes the contribution of such economy to the correct resolution of a case. The author concludes that the provision on the promotion of procedural economy to the correct resolution of a case should lie outside the relevant principle, since it is a manifestation of other principles of judicial procedure.
The importance of international economic agreements in the legal regulation of foreign economic activity
Authors: Gustelev P. O.
Published: March 2024

Foreign economic activity is an important type of economic activity at the international level and a priority direction of our state’s policy, which creates the foundations for the development of trade relations and a favorable investment climate in Ukraine. It includes foreign trade in goods, services, certain types of works, as well as objects of intellectual property. Any commercial activity on the foreign market is significantly different from similar activity within the country. In particular, leading sectors of the economy are involved in the FED, state bodies, a certain number of individual economic entities, intermediary organizations, as well as foreign organizations on trade and economic issues, which collectively form the foreign economic complex of Ukraine, participate.

The state directly exerts a regulatory influence on the processes taking place in the foreign economic sphere. The effectiveness of state regulation of foreign exchange depends on many factors, but the main lever in this is that the regulatory influence of the state must correspond to the nature of foreign economic activity, the nature and content of the tasks it performs at a specific stage of the development of the economy of Ukraine. In the current conditions of Ukraine’s integration into the world and European economic system, the state of regulatory and legal support of foreign trade and its regulation by the state acquires special importance. As well as the issue of the need to reform the foreign exchange system in order to create more flexible conditions for the development of the general economic situation in the country and the fruitful development of international relations with access to the world market.

An important condition for the development of the economy of each country is the implementation of foreign economic activities by the participants of the national market. The topic of my article examines international economic agreements and their significance in the legal regulation of foreign economic activity, taking into account the existing scientific works, the concepts and types of international economic agreements are defined.
Local rulemaking as a legal basis for the implementation of the policy of sustainable development of the enterprise
Authors: Dolhert V. V.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of the sustainable development policy of the enterprise and the research of the directions of legal support for the implementation of the sustainable development policy at the enterprise using local economic and legal rulemaking.

On September 25, 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the development agenda for the period after 2015: «Transforming our world: Agenda for sustainable development until 2030», which formulated 17 sustainable development goals designed to stimulate activities in economic, social and ecological spheres of life. At the national level, the desire to implement the goals of sustainable development is enshrined in the Decree of the President of Ukraine «On the Goals of Sustainable Development of Ukraine for the Period Until 2030» dated September 30, 2019.

Due to destabilizing factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and a large-scale military invasion by an aggressor country, the urgency of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals has increased. To effectively overcome the negative impact of the above factors, it is advisable to implement the goals of sustainable development not only at the macroeconomic level, but also at the microeconomic level.

It is considered that the implementation of the goals of sustainable development at the level of a separate economic entity should be carried out using local economic and legal regulation. To ensure the effectiveness of the process of implementing the goals of sustainable development, it can be implemented on the basis of an integrated enterprise policy.

It was concluded that the policy of sustainable development of the enterprise is a set of measures aimed at the legal support of the development of the enterprise in the economic, ecological, and social spheres of its life activity and contribute to the sustainable development of the enterprise and the achievement of the main goal of its activity.

Taking into account the complexity underlying the idea of creating an enterprise’s sustainable development policy, it can be formalized in the form of a system of local acts - the main «Sustainable Development Policy Strategy» and its derivatives. The main local act can be approved by the higher management body of the business entity. Derivative local acts can be approved at a lower level - this will contribute to the formation of a legal model that will have: a rigid core, which will contain a strategy for implementing the goals of sustainable development of the enterprise; moving branches that will regulate the rapid tactical steps of the implementation of the specified process and will be promptly adjusted if necessary.
The role and significance of International Commercial Arbitration in investment disputes
Authors: Ivanets M.
Published: March 2024

International commercial arbitration (ICA) is an important dispute resolution mechanism in the field of international trade and investment. In the conditions of constant globalization and the growing integration of the world economy, there is a need to effectively resolve conflicts arising in the sphere of commerce and investment relations. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in investment disputes related to various aspects of business, from contractual obligations to the protection of foreign investments.

Consideration of investment disputes in the ICA involves the use of the principles of the autonomy of the will of the parties, confidentiality, and finality of decisions, which makes this mechanism particularly attractive for businesses and investors. Scientific research in this area is of great importance for understanding the effectiveness and prospects of the development of the ICA as a tool for resolving investment disputes.

In this context, the analysis of the role and significance of the ICA in investment disputes is of great practical and scientific importance. This article aims to consider the main aspects of International Commercial Arbitration in the context of solving investment conflicts, in particular, to analyze the principles and procedures, consider cases of successful use of the ICA, as well as determine the advantages of this mechanism compared to ordinary court procedures.

This article analyzes the role and significance of International Commercial Arbitration in the context of investment dispute resolution. Important principles and procedures of the ICA that ensure effective and fair resolution of conflicts between business and investors are emphasized. An analysis of the advantages of the ICA compared to traditional court procedures is carried out, in particular its contribution to the investment climate and investor confidence. Based on the analysis of examples of successful dispute resolution through the ICA, recommendations are provided for the parties in resolving investment conflicts. This article has implications for practitioners, academic researchers, and anyone interested in international trade and investment.
The issue of childbirth assistance payments during the care of a child until the child reaches the age of three
Authors: Miller A. O.
Published: March 2024

It will be provided with a detailed calculation of the amounts of allowance that should be paid by public authorities and which are declared by government bodies as paid but are not actually paid. The study will consider what amounts of assistance are actually received by individuals who take care of a child until the child reaches the age of three.

It is indicated, I would like to point, out that these fictitious payments, declared by state authorities as assistance paid to individuals caring for a child until the child reaches three years of age, are considered official income for Ukrainian citizens. It is determined, that payment of assistance to a person who cares for a child until the child reaches the age of three and in accordance with the law receives assistance at the birth of a child in accordance with paragraph 7, item 1, part 1 of Art. 4 of the Law [17] is not true.

It will be proven that the guaranteed allowance provided by the state does not comply with the Legislation and is less than the minimum subsistence level, which creates conditions for the genocide of population.

We conclude that a study has been carried out and it has proven that human rights have already been violated at the legislative level. There is a violation of the Laws of Ukraine, International documents and the Constitution of Ukraine. This indicates a conflict of legislation, which as a result leads to human rights violations, and as a further result a low standard of living of Ukrainian citizens.

It is indicated that there is a formal attitude to the Laws of Ukraine due to improper conduct of operational and investigative actions, signs of corruption and professional impropriety. Crimes are covered up, the guilty are not brought to justice.

It has been established that persons caring for young children before the age of three are deprived of adequate state-guaranteed social protection. There is a conflict of laws. Thus, these citizens of Ukraine are being social destruction by incompetent state officials.