bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing simple past tense through a functional and a formal perspective
Authors: Sousa Clauber Nascimento de , Martins Adriana Regina Dantas
Published: November 2022

This paper is aimed at comparing and presenting two grammar books about simple past tense teaching. One of them is Susan Kesner Bland Intermediate Grammar: From Form to Meaning and Use. And John e Alison Kooistra the power drill, reproducible 70 lessons. In order to do so, we trace the question “what’s the difference between teaching simple past tense in two different approaches?” We intend to bring up the functional and formal approach. Therefore, we inspire this work based on qualitative research in a descriptive method. For achieving our thesis, we cut out simple past tense throughout this paper. Hence, we intend to spot this work based on it. Thus, we concluded that, two grammar books that spread two different approaches: functional and formal. In deep, we found that the formal one is bound to rules, while the functional one is related to contextualized situations. Furthermore, the functional one is adjusted to contemporaneity in the classroom context. While the formal approach overview only on a universal grammar. Formal linguistics is embodied most notably by the work of Noam Chomsky and the paradigm of Generative Grammar. Afterward, we intend to reflect which approach should be better for a classroom and student’s learning.
Bisfosfonatos como alternativa terapêutica da periodontite
Authors: Fachada Larissa Ferreiro
Published: November 2022

A periodontite é uma doença imunoinflamatória caracterizada, principalmente, pela perda de osso alveolar, onde os mediadores inflamatórios presentes atuam sobre o processo da osteoclastogênese, interferindo, assim, na remodelação óssea. Nesse contexto, novas alternativas e terapias vêm sendo buscadas com o objetivo de diminuir ou interromper as sequelas da doença periodontal. Dentre elas, destaca-se os Bisfosfonatos (BFs), fármacos que desempenham um papel relevante nas desordens ósseas metabólicas. Ante ao exposto, o presente artigo visou responder: como os bisfosfonatos podem ser utilizados no tratamento de periodontite? Desta forma, tem-se como objetivo revisar a literatura sobre o potencial uso dos BFs na terapia periodontal. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura. Como resultados, verifica-se que a literatura retrata vários resultados positivos quanto à utilização dos bisfosfonatos como alternativa terapêutica da periodontite. Entretanto, não se deve esquecer dos efeitos adversos a seu uso. Por fim, constata-se que os BFs atuam de forma a diminuir a atividade dos osteoclastos, aumentar a mineralização e a matriz óssea, reduzindo, desta forma, a perda óssea em doenças inflamatórias crônicas, tal como a periodontite.
Housing economic valuation in the metropolitan area of Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Torres Ramirez Ramiro , Martínez Damián Miguel Ángel , Valdivia Alcalá Ramón , Sandoval Romero Fermín
Published: November 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research was to identify the sale value of homes in the metropolitan area of the city of Puebla, using the hedonic price technique to determine a model that takes into consideration relevant variables that explain the housing prices.Methodology: An overall problem is land mismanagement. The location of the homes can affect their price. A hedonic price model helps to determine the relative importance of the variables in the final price. This information provides an initial perspective to the people who are interested in acquiring a home in the study area. The model was built based on the information collected from 182 properties and it was analyzed using theSPSS software version 28.0.0.0.Results: The most significant variables that determine housing prices, which presented a multiple valuation coefficient of 64.3%. The effect of the variables on the housing value was determined by means of elasticities.Study Limitations: There were no limitations for this report.Conclusions: The following variables were significant: new home, number of bathrooms, built‐up area, private security, distance to the downtown of Puebla, and distance to a park.
Population fluctuation of the pineapple mealybug in two pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) varieties in Huimanguillo Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: GARCIA DE LA CRUZ RUBEN , Perez Panti Omara , GARCIA DE LA CRUZ RUBEN , GONZALEZ HERNANDEZ HECTOR , SANCHEZ SOTO SAUL , MOSCOSO RAMIREZ PEDRO ANTONIO , IZQUIERDO REYES FRANCISCO
Published: November 2022

Objective: To identify the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus spp. and determine its prevalence and seasonal distribution in Huimanguillo Tabasco, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was carried out in two pineapple producing localities in the municipality of Huimanguillo, Tabasco. The varieties studied were MD2 and Cabezona. The seasonal distribution and infestation percentage was determined in both localities and for both varieties from January to June 2021. Forty plants were randomly sampled per month in a 4-ha area per locality. Roots, stems, basal leaves, and fruits were examined at the plant level.
Results: The highest abundance of pineapple mealybugs (D. brevipes sp.) was found in the Cabezona variety. D. brevipes is mainly located in 85.46 and 61.76% of the old leaves of the stem, in the Cabezona and MD2 varieties, respectively. From January to April —when the highest temperatures were recorded—, the population of D. brevipes was moderate, while the highest populations were recorded towards mid-June, when the rains began.
Study Limitations/Implications: Climatic variables can affect the evaluation parameters. The immature stages dynamics can limit the interpretation of results.
Conclusions: D. brevipes is mostly distributed in the lower parts of the plant. To determine the population fluctuation, predict the total number of insects per plant, and establish their temporal and spatial distribution, the entire production cycle must be considered, as well as the climatic parameters, in order to develop a targeted control strategy on dates of moderate abundance.
Buffer capacity as a method to estimate the dose of liming in acid soils
Authors: Bravo Tutivén Julio César , Espinales Suarez Hamilton Omar , Vásconez Montúfar Gregorio Humberto
Published: November 2022

Objective: The study proposes using the dolomite buffer capacity (BCDolomite) as a method of estimating the lime requirement in soils that agronomically require a pH increase.
Design/methodology/approach: In six soil samples with different levels of response to the application of dolomite, the organic matter (OM), the content of sand, silt and clay, pH, K, Ca, Mg and the potential acidity (Al+H) were determined. Assuming an apparent density of 1000 kg/m3 and a volume per hectare of 2000 m3, the soils were placed in polyethylene containers and treated with dolomite in doses equivalent to 0, 750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 kg/ha, establishing the BCDolomite as the inverse of the slope resulting from the relationship between the pH and the dose of dolomite.
Results: In soils with low response to the dolomite, the content of clay and OM was 280 and 26 g/kg, respectively, and in high response soils, the content of clay and OM was 240 and 47 g/kg, respectively. In all cases, a simple and direct linear relationship was observed (R2 > 0.85; p < 0.05) in the relationship between pH and dose of dolomite.
Limitations on study/implications: The results obtained under controlled conditions show that BCDolomite constitutes a viable method to estimate the lime requirement.
Findings/conclusions: The BCDolomite showed sensitivity to the complexity of the clay fraction and to the organic matter in the soil, for which the dolomite requirement is equal to the product of the desired pH increase and the BCDolomite
Amaranth production in Tulyehualco Xochimilco, Mexico City
Authors: Espita Rangel Eduardo , Ayala Garay Alma Velia , Altamirano Cárdenas J. Reyes , Almaguer  Vargas Gustavo , Preciado Rangel Pablo , Estévez Martínez Yoxkin
Published: November 2022

Objective: To know the form of production and commercialization of amaranth in Tulyehualco, Xochimilco, to identify and propose improvement actions.
Methodology: During 2010-2019, amaranth was cultivated in at least 11 states in Mexico, while in Mexico City it is grown in the municipalities of Xochimilco, Milpa Alta and Tláhuac. Xochimilco stands out due to harvested area and production, with 82.9 ha and 91.7 t which represents 60.4% and 55.6% respectively. The information was obtained through the application of a survey through non-probability sampling for convenience, with the selection criterion of individuals who were willing to be surveyed, and the survey was applied from September to December 2019, to n=35 producers, n=3 marketers and n=4 transformers. Amaranth production is carried out in two ways, by means of chapin and directly, and due to its traditional way of producing the crop is ancestral in those areas, so there is a millenary knowledge of the families that are dedicated to planting the crop.
Results: Amaranth production has a positive cost benefit ratio R (B / C) although production is better in direct sowing. Planting with a seedbed (Chapin) has higher costs and yield, however, this does not compensate the producer in profits.
Conclusions: For a potential impact at the level of amaranth production, the adoption of technologies related to density, nutrition and technical recommendations for pest and disease control is necessary
Incorporation and management of improved avocado in the groves of Tétela del Volcán, Morelos. Case study Grupo FRUFIDET
Authors: Olvera-Pérez Ma. antonia , Martínez Morales Adriana , Teliz-Ortiz Daniel , Sánchez-Escudero Julio
Published: November 2022

Objective: To analyze the process of incorporating improved varieties of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and its effect on the diversity, management and use in 54 orchards belonging to 25 members of the Rural Production Society of C.V. Grupo FRUFIDET in Tétela del Volcán, Morelos, Mexico.Methodology: A survey was applied to all members of society considering the characteristics of the orchards and the process of incorporating improved varieties of avocado to their orchards. The diversity associated with avocado cultivation was obtained through participant observation and a survey. A typology of orchards was carried out with a principal components analysis.Results: The improved avocado has replaced the peach crop by 67%, plum 12%, corn and bean 12%, pomegranate 6%, and fig 3%. Three types of orchards were found: those that have replaced the previous crop with improved varieties of avocado (17%), those that have introduced avocado as one more species to their orchard in combination with other fruit trees (53%), and those which are maintained with fruit trees and Mexican varieties of avocado (30%).Conclusions: The improved avocado varieties have been incorporated by 100% of the members of the organization. Their incorporation has caused the displacement of Mexican varieties of avocado and other fruit trees.
Chemical composition of twelve accessions of Moringa oleifera Lam. grown in Mexico.
Authors: Ruíz-Hernández Rafael , Hernández-Rodríguez Martha , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy G. , Rayas-Amor Adolfo A.
Published: November 2022

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the growth and proximal analysis of twelve accessions of Moringa oleifera Lam. grown in Mexico.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The seeds were collected in Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Chiapas, and Yucatan. The seeds were sown in a nursery and transplanted in the field in a completely randomized block experimental design. Height, basal diameter, and the number of branches were recorded, and leaves were collected for proximal analysis determination.

Results: Significant statistical differences (P< 0.05) were identified among the accessions based on tree height, basal diameter, number of branches, moisture content, ash, protein, and fat contents.  

Study limitations/implications: Accessions with high growth rates and nutritional characteristics can be selected to establish low-cost food banks.

Result / Finding / Conclusion: The accessions from Chiapas (C1 and C2) were superior to the others in tree height, basal diameter and number of branches, protein, and fat contents.
Rock climbing affects cliff-plant communities by reducing species diversity and altering species coexistence patterns
Authors: March-Salas Martí , Morales-Armijo Felipe , Hernández-Agüero Juan , Estrada-Castillón Eduardo , Sobrevilla-Covarrubias Andrea , Arevalo José , Scheepens J , Lorite Juan
Published: November 2022

Cliffs are unique ecosystems with an outstanding but relatively unknown plant diversity, harboring rare, endemic and threatened species, but also common and dominant species. The rising popularity of climbing represents an increasing threat to cliff biota, potentially diminishing diversity and species associations, and affecting the community composition. We used a novel closely paired sampling design in climbing routes with different climbing intensities in El Potrero Chico (Nuevo León, Mexico), differentiating plant species and analyzing species associations and community composition in climbed and unclimbed plots. Diversity on the sampled cliffs was high, even greater than in other regional ecosystems. We found reduced abundance, cover, and diversity in climbed plots, irrespective of the climbing intensity. Dominant species were the most negatively affected by rock climbing in terms of abundance, and some locally rare species, comprising endemics and endangered species, were entirely absent from climbed plots. Co-occurrence analysis showed that the number of associations between pairs of dominant and common species were greatly reduced in climbed plots, and that positive associations between locally rare species existed in unclimbed plots but not in climbed plots, which may contribute to the disappearance of endemic and threatened species. Finally, NDMS analysis revealed that the community composition significantly changed due to climbing. Our results indicates that conservation science should convince stakeholders of the need for a holistic conservation of cliff ecosystems and not only focus on emblematic or rare species, since the plant community dynamics and preservation depends on the coexistence and interactions between different plant species.
Toward the comprehensive understanding of food chain length
Authors: Shibasaki Shota , Terui Akira
Published: November 2022

1. Food chain length (FCL), roughly defined by the number of trophic links, is one important aspect of biodiversity. However, studies on FCL are limited to simple food webs (e.g., only three or four species in a community) or simple hypotheses (i.e., what is a determinant of FCL?)2. In this review, we propose research directions to comprehensively understand how multiple environmental factors affect FCL using food webs as complex as natural ones. To facilitate these research directions, we first introduce basic ideas of graph theory. Graph theory clarifies the requirements of food webs in the analysis of FCL and methods to calculate FCL.3. We recommend using only directed acyclic graphs in studies of FCL because some definitions of FCL cannot be used in cyclic food webs. Within more than ten models that generate food webs as complex as in nature, a part of them generates only acyclic food webs. Such models include the (generalized) cascade model and the preferential prey model. In contrast, the (generalized) niche model and the nested hierarchy model can generate cyclic food webs, and they are not appropriate in the studies of FCL.4. We then discuss how we can study the interdependent effects of the multiple environmental factors on FCL while using models that generate complex acyclic food webs. In addition, we propose research questions that would enrich our understanding of FCL.
The VIKOR algorithm in material decision support
Authors: Takács Ágnes , Albert Judit
Published: November 2022

The paper presents how to deal with frequent decision conflicts between design criteria that arise when selecting complex materials. The results show that the VIKOR model, in this case study, can also be used for extensive exploration of trade-offs and design return points, such as changes in environmental, material performance, and cost characteristics for the decision maker during design. In this paper, we examine the problem-solving algorithm for implementation.
Design of equipment suitable for measuring the natural frequency of a rotating shaft
Authors: Apáti Sándor , Hegedűs György
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the construction and operation of a measuring bench for measur-ing the vibration state of a rotating shaft and the evaluation of the measurement results are presented. The design of the measuring bench was aimed at measuring the vibration gen-erated by the excitation effects on the shaft. The effect of the imbalance and the position of the disc on the vibration characteristics is shown in diagrams. It is also observed that at higher speeds the vibration plotted shows an irregular shape. This is due to the excitation effects on the whole structure.
Engineering application of reverse engineering technology
Authors: Tóth Dániel
Published: November 2022

Scanners operating on the optical principle are devices for recording the phys-ical geometry of bodies suitable for non-contact measurement which work in the visible light range. These use the difference in contrasts and the strength of the reflected light for the measurement, by using the classic triangulation principle. This article focuses on re-verse engineering technologies and optical scanning process.
KONSEP RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN DALAM HADITH: PENEROKAAN MAKNA SERTA APLIKASI DI MALAYSIA
Authors: Azmi Ahmad Sanusi , Ismail Mohd Yusuf
Published: November 2022

Dalam al-Quran, Allah menyifatkan Rasulullah sebagai rahmatan lil alamin (rahmat buat sekalian alam), satu istilah yang kemudiannya diperbahaskan dan dikembangkan menjadi salah satu konsep dalam hubungan kemanusiaan serta interaksi sosial. Pun begitu, konsep rahmatan lil alamin ini telah melalui pelbagai proses penafsiran dan perkembangan makna. Kepelbagaian fahaman dan penafsiran berhubung konsep rahmah ini terus menjadi perbahasan sehingga hari ini. Di Malaysia, kempen memperkenalkan Islam sebagai agama rahmah telah dimulakan. Konsep ini dijadikan sebagai asas dalam membangun teras serta mencorak polisi urustadbir yang berasaskan al-Quran. Â Keadaan Malaysia yang unik sebagai sebuah negara berbilang bangsa adalah konteks yang menarik untuk dibincangkan. Kajian ini meneroka hadith-hadith yang mempunyai hubungan dengan konsep rahmatan lil alamin, mengamati pemahaman sarjana Muslim terhadapnya serta menilai pengamalan konsep ini di Malaysia.Â  Melalui analisis tekstual yang dijalankan, kajian mendapati bahawa sifat belas-kasih dan ketegasan Rasulullah adalah elemen yang tidak boleh dipisahkan dalam memelihara dan memartabatkan Islam. Dua elemen tersebut adalah prinsip utama yang perlu diterapkan dalam pembangunan kerangka serta perlaksanaan konsep rahmatan lil alamin di Malaysia.
Assessment of the Braking System Damage in the Public Transport Vehicles of a Selected Transport Company
Authors: Rybicka Iwona , Droździel Paweł , Komsta Henryk
Published: November 2022

This paper analyzes damage to safety systems over a five-year period for a group of vehicles. In the first step of analysis, descriptive statistics characterizing the analyzed variables were calculated and analyses related to the assessment of damage to the braking system. The analyses were carried out in order to examine the relationship between the mileage of vehicles and the number of defects quarterly and monthly and the fit of the obtained empirical results of the analysed variables to a normal or other theoretical distribution was checked. In order to check whether the observed differences in the mean values of the number of failures of the safety systems are statistically significant, a non-parametric analysis of variance was performed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied, the distribution of the monthly sum of the braking system faults, distribution of the sum of the braking system faults from individual quarters, distribution of the monthly kilometrage of all vehicles and distribution of the quarterly kilometrage of all vehicles were presented. After describing previous correlation analyses, a linear regression analysis was conducted in which a model was built to predict the number of braking system faults based on monthly vehicle mileage and month of measurement. The last part of the analysis was to verify whether the number of the braking systems faults depends on the season of the year and it was checked whether the season makes any difference to the vehicle's quarterly kilometrage. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to this end.
Investigation of the funga of Surtsey 2008
Authors: Eyjólfsdóttir Guðríður Gyða
Published: November 2022

In August 2008 eighteen specimens of at least ten species of agarics (mushrooms) were collected on Surtsey. Entoloma sericeum was well established in grassland in the oldest part of the gull colony and at least seven ectomycorrhizal species, Hebeloma collariatum, H. marginatulum, H. mesophaeum, H. vaccinum var. vaccinum, Inocybe lacera var. lacera, Laccaria laccata and an unidentified Cortinarius species, were collected near their Salix hosts. one Psilocybe species, P. inquilinus, and one unidentified Entoloma species grew in Leymus dunes. Three collections identified to the genus Entoloma and three to the genus Hebeloma could represent two additional species. The findings in 2008 increase the total number of agarics from two to nine and of species of fungi on Surtsey from 26 to 33, counting only those which have been identified to species.
Chortodes stigmatica (Eversmann, 1855) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) – a moth new to Surtsey, 1995
Authors: Gjelstrup Peter
Published: November 2022

In the dusk the of july 19, 1995 two specimens of the rare moth Chortodes stigmatica (Eversmann, 1855) were collected above an old stand of Leymus arenarius on the eastern part of Surtsey. At least 19 other similarly looking moth specimens were seen at the same time and place. They were considered to be of the same species suggesting that this rare moth was one of the first Lepidoptera species to establish a resident population on Surtsey.
Seals in Surtsey, the period 1980–2005
Authors: Hauksson Erlingur
Published: November 2022

The author has been surveying common and grey seals on the coast of iceland since 1980 and here are taken together all aerial sightings on Surtsey. The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus Fabricius) has established a considerable breeding site on the northern spit of the Surtsey island, which is now one of the biggest rookeries on the southern shores of iceland, with estimated 63 (95% Ci 62 – 66) pups born there in the autumn of year 2005. on the other hand, the common seal (Phoca vitulina L.) has not been numerous in Surtsey during its breeding time in the summer. Breeding sites of common seals on the South-Coast of iceland closest to Surtsey are Ölfusá, Thjórsá, Markarfljót and kúdafljót. They, however, haul-out in great numbers on the northern shores on Surtsey during the winter, presumably using the island as a resting place after making feeding trips to the adjacent waters.
Análisis crítico de la reparación integral de las víctimas indirectas en los casos de femicidio en el Ecuador
Authors: Sotomayor Rivera Edilma Narcisa , Rafecas Daniel Eduardo
Published: November 2022

El trabajo desarrollado a continuación consiste en la revisión analítica del conjunto de medidas de reparación integral previstas en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano para las víctimas indirectas en los delitos de femicidio. Considerando la gravedad de tales hechos, la violencia contra la mujer en el Ecuador es uno de los retos más arduos para el sistema de justicia ecuatoriano y su ordenamiento jurídico en general, dado que las muertes por femicidio afectan profundamente al núcleo familiar de la víctima y a la sociedad en general. El estudio fue planteado a través del enfoque cualitativo, en aras de identificar las medidas de reparación integral aplicables a las víctimas indirectas del tipo penal a analizar. A tales efectos, fueron aplicados los métodos analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y dogmático, así como la revisión bibliográfica con el propósito de destacar el nivel de aplicabilidad de los mecanismos de reparación integral en las sentencias condenatorias, y si son capaces de satisfacer efectivamente a las víctimas indirectas, de lo cual, se determinó que éstas resultan insuficientes para reparar integralmente a las víctimas, especialmente en el aspecto patrimonial.
Correlation between the size of the breast lump and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with carcinoma of breast.
Authors: Saad Sanjeeda , Hossain SM Amjad , Islam Majedul
Published: November 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females, accounting for 23 percent of total cancer cases and 14 percent of cancer deaths.1 The lifetime probability of developing breast cancer is one in six overall (one in eight for invasive disease).2 In Bangladesh breast cancer is the 2nd most common cancer and also 2nd most leading cause of cancer death among the female population after cervical cancer.3 Despite the decreases in incidence rates in North America, breast cancer incidence has been increasing in other parts of the world, such as Asia and Africa. These international differences are thought to be related to societal changes occurring during industrialization.4,5

Methods: This was a Prospective Observational cross-sectional studyconducted among the 150 adult patients of breast carcinoma admitted in Department of surgery of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Ahsania Mission Cancer & General Hospital during July 2012 to June 2013. After admission in surgery department, diagnosed patients (by ultrasonography and FNAC) with breast cancer were evaluated by history and physical examination, ultrasonography or mammography in a data collection sheet by the study physician.Tumor size was measured by physical examination, ultrasonography or mammography and during histopathological slide preparation. Histopathology of the dissected axillary lymph nodes determined the axillary lymph node status.Case record forms with appropriate questionnaire were filled for all patients.

Results: This prospective documented study enrolled 150 cases of diagnosed breast cancer patient. The mean (+SD) age of the patients was 42.16 + 11.18 years with the range from 18 – 65 years. In this study, commonest presentation was painless breast lump in case of 84% patients. Next to it was nipple retraction (40%). Clinically, 52% of study populations were at stage II. Histologically, most of the tumor was at T2 stage (2.1 to 5 cm). Duct cell carcinoma was the predominant histological type (99.33%) and 58% patient had grade II tumors. 66% population showed metastasis of tumor cells in the axillary lymph node(s). Frequency of axillary lymph node metastasis increased as the tumor size increased. We found 33.33% T1 tumors had axillary lymph node metastasis, where as 58.97% T2 tumors and 93.75% T3 tumors showed axillary lymph node metastasis respectively.

AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 107-112
Validity of DCIP Method for Rapid Screening of Haemoglobin E Trait
Authors: Ahmed Abul Kashem Jalaluddin , Khondaker Tarannum , Amin Syed Khairul
Published: November 2022

Background: Hemoglobin E B thalassemia is the commonest thalassemia syndrome in Bangladesh. All tests for diagnosis of Hb E trait are expensive,time consuming and require sophisticated equipment. The need therefore, is a simple,low cost ,rapid and reliable test which can be used for mass screening of E trait. The present study was designed to see the validity of DCIP test as screening test for detection of E Trait.

Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from December 2008 to November 2009. Total 150 subjects attending Dhaka Shishu Hospital Thalassemia centre were selected and evaluated for Hb estimation, RBC indices, Hb Electrophoresis and DCIP test. According to electrophoresis results patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I comprised of 50 subjects with Hb E trait, group II comprised 51 subjects with ß thalassemia trait and Group III comprised of 49 normal subjects. In all 3 groups DCIP test was done and in positive cases, precipitated haemoglobin was visualized by naked eye at the bottom of the test tube. Negative samples with normal electrophoresis and ß thalassemia trait were used to see the samples gave false positive result.

Results: The test successfully detected 48 subjects among total 50 subjects of E trait. DCIP sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 96%,97%,94.12% and 97.97% respectively.

Conclusion: DCIP has high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. So, it might be considered as a valid single screening test to detect E Trait in areas with limited laboratory facilities and economic resources.

AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 113-119
Clinical Characteristics of Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients During First Hospital Reporting
Authors: Chowdhury M Alamgir , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Shil Arpan D K , Chowdhury Farid Hossain , Rahman Ekhlasur
Published: November 2022

Background: Covid-19 is a new disease first originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is now pandemic globally1, 2. The disease affected almost all countries of the world.

Aims and objectives: To see different aspects of clinical presentations of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Methods: Subjects tested, admitted and treated were included in the study. Total 441 cases were included for the study. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed.

Results: Male: female ratio, n= 441, Ratio= 2.4:1. Nasopharyngeal swab was positive in 59% and 41% oropharyngeal sample was positive. 74% test was positive among 220 patients and 26% negative. Smoking accounts for 65% among predisposing factors. Among the co-morbid conditions Hypertension accounts for 37%, Bronchial asthma 23%, Diabetes mellitus 30%. Clinical symptoms were fever 90%, body ache 95%, cough 80%, and headache were 75%. Other symptoms were less. Symptoms may one or more in the same patient. In our series 30 (07%) cases were had respiratory distress. All of them needed hospital admission. 27 of them were cured by oxygen and medications.Nine patients were trans- ferred to ICU, where they succumbed to death 2%.

Conclusion: In this COVID-19 pandemic no symptom should be neglected. Prompt consultation, appropriate test and early, adequate and aggressive treatment should be instituted according to severity.

AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 120-123
A Study on Etiology of Chronic Kidney Disease among Young Patients in Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoregonj
Authors: Chowdhury Md Rashed Alam , Bhuiyan Bahar Uddin , Saad Sanjeeda , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Jaben Irena , Kabir Sazia
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), an important, chronic, noncommunicable disease is now one of the major public health problems in our country. Early detection of CKD is crucial to prevent its progression, and thereby, to potentially improve its outcome. Number of young patients with CKD are increasing day by day. Only a few studies are done in our country to assess etiology of CKD in young patients. This study was aimed to assess the etiology of CKD in young patients.

Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 150 patients of CKD between 15- and 40-years age who presented to Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoregonj from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019. They were clinically evaluated and underwent relevant investigations including renal biopsy in indicated cases.

Results: In this study, there was an overall male preponderance (60.67%) with age range of 31-35 years (32%). Most common symptoms of presentation were related to gastrointestinal disturbances (70%), breathlessness (66%), easy fatigability (62%), and urinary disturbances (56%). Pallor, pedal edema and facial puffiness were major clinical features. Small kidneys were seen in 65.33% of patients. 90 % of patients had proteinuria. Majority (46.67%) had CKD of unknown etiology. In this unknown etiology patients, most of them were found to have chronic glomerulonephritis based on clinical presentation and other supporting investigations. Diabetic nephropathy and obstructive uropathy were found in 13.33% patients. 80% patients were presented in stage IV and stage V CKD. Histopathologically, etiology was proven among 46 patients (30.67%) with renal biopsy.

Conclusion: It is concluded that male patients in the second and third decades were in the majority requiring medical care. Chronic Glomerulonephritis of unknown causes constitutes a major etiology among the young presenting in late stages of CKD.

AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 124-127
An Unusual Case of Intestinal Obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Kuntal , Arif Abdus Salam , Rahman Md Ekhlasur , Ahamed Qazi Sazib , Ajahar Ashika Binte , Shapnil Ahammed Ali
Published: November 2022

A 6 years and 6 month old child hailing from Dhaka admitted into AKMMCH with the complaints of abdominal pain for 3 days and vomiting for 1 day. Abdominal pain was in umbilical region, severe, colicky, non-radiating and aggravated after taking meal. Patient’s mother also complained about vomiting for 1 day, 3-4 times, contained ingested food particle and associated with anorexia. Patient did not pass the stool for 1 day. Patient was infested with Ascaris lumbricoids 6 months back. On examination vitals were normal, abdomen was soft and tender, there was ill defined lump present in right iliac fossa, firm in consistency, adhere to underlying structures and free from overlying skin. So it is clinically diagnosed as a case of intestinal obstruction with appendicular lump. Further investigations confirmed that it is a case of intestinal obstruction due to worm bolus.

AKMMC J 2020; 11(2) : 140-144
A Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks for Trash Classification
Authors: Atikuzzaman Md , Hossain Md Parvez , Islam Md Zahidul , Kabir Syed Ahsanul
Published: November 2022

In the era of the twenty-first century, automation is the biggest fi eld of research. Although several works have been done successfully, there is still so much to do. Increasing trash could be the biggest threat to a better human life in the future. To automate the task, machines need to understand the type of trash to be recycled or separate similar trash for recycling. For this process, the perfect classi cation of trash plays a vital role in making a better life and a cleaner world. There are so many popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models for image classi cation. In this work, we examine and analyze the outcomes of several Residual Network(ResNet) and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) CNN models on a trash dataset. Our main investigation is the accuracy evaluation for different VGG and ResNet models where the training dataset, test dataset, number of epochs, and batch size are the same for all the models. Finally, we compare VGG and ResNet models with each other. We have got the peak accuracy for ResNet152 among all ResNet models and the peak accuracy on VGG16 among all VGG models. And we have got the maximum accuracy on ResNet152 among all the ResNet and VGG models which is about 94%.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 8, Dec 2021 P 17-23
ESTABLISHMENT BY CONTRACT OF JUDICIAL METHODS OF PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND INTERESTS:
THE UKRAINIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Us Maryna
Published: November 2022

Background: The issue of choosing an effective method of protection continues to be relevant not only in court but also in contractual practice. This is explained by the fact that in a number of legal systems, contracts act as a source of consolidation of protection methods. As a result, there is a need to define models (options) for the contractual establishment of protection methods and, at the same time, the limits of contractual freedom.
Methods: Logical methods were used during the present research: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. With the help of the system method, types of models of the contractual establishment of protection methods were studied. The historical-legal method made it possible to analyse the provisions of national legislation and approaches to establishing methods of protection from a historical perspective.
Results and Conclusions: The provision in the law of the contract as a source of establishing methods of protection contributes to greater protection of rights holders and allows for timely and adequate responses to complications of legal relations and, as a result, complications of the subjective interests of their participants. The recognition of the freedom of participants in contractual relations in determining the methods of protection and reference to the dispositive basis in the relevant field corresponds to the modern European approach.
Keywords: methods of judicial protection; violation of rights and interests; contract; limits of contractual freedom; models of securing methods of protection in the contract; an effective method of protection; judicial control over the fairness of the terms of the contract
Tohmajärven Tehdasosuusliikkeen historiaa
Authors: Seppänen Miia
Published: November 2022

Tohmajärven Aseman seudulla Pohjois-Karjalassa alkoi Karjalan junaradan rakentumisen (vuosina 1892-1894) jälkeen rakentua pienteollisuutta, jonka ohessa syntyi maakunnallisesti merkittävä tehdasmiljöö. Turvepehkuosuuskunnasta vuonna 1907 alkanut teollisuustoiminta laajeni 1920-luvulla Tehdasosuusliikkeeksi, jossa toimi saha, mylly sekä tiilitehdas. Tehdasosuusliike nousi 1950-lukuun tullessa Pohjois-Karjalan suurin osuustoiminnallinen yritys, joka työllisti parhaimmillaan n. 350 henkeä. Tässä katsauksessa esitellään Tohmajärven Tehdasosuusliikkeen syntyvaiheita ja historiaa sekä esitellään harvinaislaatuista valokuvamateriaalia tehtaan arjesta.
Pengembangan LKS elektronik berbasis kontekstual untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP/MTs pada materi himpunan
Authors: Cahyani Indah Mulya , Maimunah Maimunah , Hutapea Nahor Murani
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kesulitan siswa memahami konsep secara mandiri melalui bahan ajar cetak khususnya pada materi himpunan. Materi himpunan berkaitan dengan kegiatan sehari-hari yang sering dijumpai siswa. Pembelajaran hendaknya diawali dengan memberikan masalah nyata di kehidupan sehari-hari untuk memberikan stimulus agar siswa mampu menemukan sendiri konsep dan memahami konsep dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukannya pendekatan kontekstual atau disebut dengan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dalam pembelajaran yang mampu mengaitkan materi pembelajaran dengan kegiatan sehari-hari, sehingga membuat pembelajaran lebih bermakna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan LKS elektronik berbasis kontekstual untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP/MTs pada materi himpunan. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan 4-D. Tahapan model 4-D terdiri dari Define, Design Develop dan Disseminate. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi LKS elektronik dan angket respon siswa. Hasil penilaian LKS elektronik oleh 3 validator memperoleh nilai rata-rata total validasi sebesar 3,58 dengan kriteria sangat valid sedangkan hasil penilaian LKS elektronik dari respon siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata total praktikalitas sebesar 3,60 dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dan respon siswa dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan LKS elektronik berbasis kontekstual untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP/MTs pada materi himpunan telah memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dan sangat praktis untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.Kata kunci: LKS Elektronik, CTL, Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis
Peningkatan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika melalui metode resitasi pada siswa sma
Authors: Nurhayati Sita , Astuti Erni Puji , Darmono Prasetyo Budi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan menerapkan metode pembelajaran resitasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 3 SMA Negeri 2 Purworejo, yaitu sebanyak 36 siswa. Peneltian ini dilaksanakan 2 siklus. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengamatan, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Semua data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa kemandirian belajar siswa dengan kriteria minimal baik pada siklus I sebanyak 17 siswa atau sebesar 47,22%  dan pada siklus II sebanyak 30 siswa atau sebesar 83,33%. Jadi dari siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 13 siswa atau sebesar 36,11 % dengan rerata kemandirian belajar pada siklus II sebesar 80,15% dan sudah mencapai target minimal 76%. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada siklus I terdapat 18 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dengan kriteria minimal baik atau sebesar 50% dan pada siklus II sebanyak 27 siswa atau sebesar 75%. Jadi dari siklus I dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 9 siswa atau sebesar 25% dengan rerata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika pada siklus II sebesar 85,53% juga  sudah mencapai target minimal 76%. Dengan demikian penerapan metode Resitasi pada pembelajaran matematika mampu meningkatkan kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa.Kata kunci: kemandirian belajar, pemecahan masalah matematika, resitasi
Variability of Biologics and its Impact on Biosimilar Development
Authors: Caldwell Ben
Published: November 2022

This symposium took place during the International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML) in Lugano, Switzerland, June 2019, and focussed on scientific aspects associated with development and approval of rituximab biosimilars in lymphoma. The symposium began with an overview presented by Dr Cornes detailing the urgent economic need for biosimilars to improve access to these biologic treatments in oncology and other therapy areas. Prof Schellekens, author of the first paper on biosimilars in 2002, discussed how regulatory strategies for biosimilars were shaped, and how these have evolved in the intervening years. Today, the emphasis of biosimilar development is placed on extensive analytical testing to demonstrate a match with the reference medicine at a fundamental level. Clinical testing plays a confirmatory role, removing any residual uncertainty regarding potential clinical differences between biosimilar and reference medicine. Dr Schiestl presented further detail on analytical perspectives on biosimilars. Development of biosimilars is complicated by the inherent variability of biological synthesis techniques employed in the manufacture of biologics. This variability is further increased by ongoing changes to manufacturing processes, which can result in changes in biological activity. Consistent quality is therefore a cornerstone of biosimilar development. Prof Jurczak provided a comprehensive overview of the factors that must be considered during clinical development of a biosimilar. Clinical trials for biosimilars have a confirmatory role in the development process, rather than the pivotal role played by clinical trials for reference medicines. Therefore, these trials have markedly different objectives compared with reference clinical trials, resulting in differences in the chosen endpoints. In biosimilar trials, response endpoints, which provide rapid and sensitive assessments of equivalence, are preferred to survival endpoints, which require large and lengthy trials for adequate evaluation. Prof Jurczak illustrated this using data from the Phase III clinical trials of the Sandoz rituximab biosimilar. In this trial, Sandoz rituximab demonstrated an equivalent response rate to reference rituximab. Increasing economic pressure on healthcare systems means that biosimilars are likely to play an increasing role in the treatment of cancer in coming years, requiring clinicians to increase their familiarity with these important medicines.
Are Successful Pregnancies an Achievable Goal in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?
Authors: Grudeva-Popova Zhanet , Spasov Emil , Graklanov Vasko , Sotirova Katya , Popov Veselin , Balatzenko Gueorgui , Hristova Ivanka
Published: November 2022

Since the late 1990s, when the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib was introduced as a front-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia, the disease’s course and prognosis has dramatically changed. The development of second-line and further-line more potent generations of TKI has further improved disease control and patients’ quality of life; however, during this time, many questions such as the duration of treatment, the depth of response, fertility, pregnancy, and family planning, have been raised. Recent prospective and retrospective discontinuation trials for TKI have shown encouraging results regarding the cessation of TKI treatment and maintaining complete molecular response. The authors report three cases of female patients diagnosed with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia who achieved a long-term deep molecular response; had planned management during pregnancy, including regular molecular monitoring with or without INF-α; and all delivered healthy babies.
Rebooting the Myeloma Treatment Programme
Authors: Corcoran Alan
Published: November 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM), characterised by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells, results in the overproduction of monoclonal immunoglobulins.1 Genetic heterogeneity of these clones confers treatment resistance and contributes to disease progression. Therefore, the use of combination therapies with different mechanisms of action can target the maximum number of clones simultaneously and may achieve long-term disease control.2 Current therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, proteasome inhibitors (PI), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), monoclonal antibodies, and autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation have resulted in improved outcomes for MM patients. However, these therapies rarely induce long-lasting complete remissions, and patients frequently develop resistance to treatments. As such, the search for novel treatment strategies, including personalised immunotherapies, is ongoing to overcome resistance and improve patient survival.