bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hexagonal stringer design on bulging factor and stress intensity factor of cracks in the skin of pressurized aircraft fuselage
Authors: Zayati Ahmed F , Lazghab Tarek , Soula Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Aircraft structural fatigue is a serious issue. Untreated, it could lead to failure. Several aircraft accidents were caused by widespread fatigue damage. For cracks in the fuselage, the stress state is due to the bulging around the crack caused by applied internal pressure. This condition is characterized by a parameter called the bulging factor; it compares the stress intensity factor of a crack in curved shell to its counterpart in a plate. Bulging factor expressions are available for longitudinal and circumferential cracks but less for slanted cracks.

The underlying structure that stiffens the skin of the fuselage has a direct impact on the stress intensity factor and the bulging factor of the crack. A hexagonal grid stiffening pattern has been shown to provide sufficient stiffening to the fuselage skin while using a lesser amount of material compared to the traditional orthogonal grid design. However, the response of this grid pattern in the presence of a cracked fuselage has not been studied.

The current paper aims to estimate the effect of the hexagonal grid pattern on the bulging factor and stress intensity factor of cracks of various lengths and orientations in the skin of the fuselage. Results obtained are compared to the conventional orthogonal grid stiffening pattern of a fuselage structure. Several patterns were considered.

Results

show that cracks of different lengths and orientations in hexagonal grid stiffened panels had stress intensity factors and bulging factors that are comparable to the base case within a margin of 2%–8%.
A modified unsteady-nonlinear aeroelastic model for flapping wings
Authors: Pourtakdoust Seid H , Zare Hadi , Bighashdel Arian
Published: June 2022

A novel integrated aeroelastic model of flapping wings (FWs) undergoing a prescribed rigid body motion is presented. In this respect, the FW nonlinear structural dynamics is enhanced via a newly proposed modification of implicit condensation and expansion (MICE) method that better considers the structural nonlinear effects. In addition, the unsteady aerodynamic model is also an extension of the widely utilized modified strip theory (MST) in which the flexibility effects are accounted for (MST-Flex). The integrated utility of the proposed generalized MICE and MST-Flex is demonstrated to be more realistic for elastic FW flight simulation applications. The prescribed rigid body motion is produced via a servo motor whose dynamics is also considered for the analysis. A special case study is also performed whose combined aeroelastic solution is determined and validated under a sinusoidal flapping motion. To this end, an experimental setup is designed and tested in order to validate the proposed integrated approach for aeroelastic modeling of FWs. There is very good agreement between the numerical and experimental results for elastic FW aerodynamics. It should be noted that the proposed integrated aeroelastic approach is readily adaptable to all kinds of elastic wings with arbitrary geometry and various combination of structural elements.
“For me, it is an intellectual freedom issue”: Drag storytimes, neutrality, and ALA core values
Authors: Oltmann Shannon M. , Kitzie Vanessa , Barriage Sarah
Published: June 2022

Drag storytimes are increasingly popular programing events in which drag performers lead storytime in public libraries or other settings; they have been both popular and contentious. In this study, we utilized data from a national survey of 458 library staff and 26 subsequent interviews to investigate connections between drag storytime, intellectual freedom, neutrality, and other core librarianship values. The data was analyzed inductively and several key themes emerged: hosting drag storytimes is an intellectual freedom stance; various perspectives on the American Library Association stance in support of drag storytimes; connections to other core values; emphasizing diversity to serve one’s community; and contesting the neutrality of libraries. We found difficult-to-reconcile stances of “presenting all sides” and “taking a side,” but we suggest a way forward by focusing on the outcome of collective self-governance (based on core values of intellectual freedom and democracy).
Open science and public trust in science: Results from two studies
Authors: Rosman Tom , Bosnjak Michael , Silber Henning , Koßmann Joanna , Heycke Tobias
Published: June 2022

In two studies, we examined whether open science practices, such as making materials, data, and code of a study openly accessible, positively affect public trust in science. Furthermore, we investigated whether the potential trust-damaging effects of research being funded privately (e.g. by a commercial enterprise) may be buffered by such practices. After preregistering six hypotheses, we conducted a survey study (Study 1; N = 504) and an experimental study (Study 2; N = 588) in two German general population samples. In both studies, we found evidence for the positive effects of open science practices on trust, though it should be noted that in Study 2, results were more inconsistent. We did not however find evidence for the aforementioned buffering effect. We conclude that while open science practices may contribute to increasing trust in science, the importance of making use of open science practices visible should not be underestimated.
Evaluation of the use of açaí seed residue as reinforcement in polymeric composite
Authors: de Melo Barbosa Andrezza , Machado dos Santos Gabrielle , Medeiros de Melo Gabriel Messias , Litaiff Hannah Alagoas , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Giacon Virgínia Mansanares
Published: June 2022

Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important economic source in the north region of Brazil for agro-industry. However, it generates a huge amount of seed residue as agro-waste. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of this residue as reinforcement in particleboards. The medium-density particleboards were manufactured according to the experimental design (22 + 1), considering the parameters with two factors: “Granulometry”, for different açaí seed sizes (2.38, 1.19, 0.29, 0.15 and 0.07 mm) and “%Resin”, for different resin weight fractions (10%, 12.5% and 15%), both applied in the manufacturing of the composites. Measurements for the Apparent Density Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption (WA) of the particleboards were performed. Mechanical properties of particleboards were analyzed through top and surface Screw Withdrawal and Internal Bonding test. In addition, the morphology of surface from particleboards was evaluated through Scanning Electron Microscopy The results of TS for 24 h, WA for 2 and 24 h, and IB showed that the particle size was a significant factor ( p < .05). These results established that the highest particle sizes provided lower percentages of absorption. The results of Screw Withdrawal did not achieve the requirements established by NBR 14810–2:2018 standard. Besides that, the results presented statistical difference, considering the particle size and the interaction between parameters (“%Resin” and “Granulometry”), which resulted in a p-value < .05. For the Internal Bonding test, the composite with highest particle size exhibited the best performance compared to the other ones.
How Continuous Intentions Towards Over the Top Platform are Framed? Stimulus–Organism– Response Model Perspective
Authors: Dhiman Neeraj , Singh Aayushi , Sarmah Roktim
Published: June 2022

The current study attempts to measure the determinants of continuous intention of over-the-top (OTT) platforms. In the present context, stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model was applied to identify the determinants of continuous intentions. The data were collected from users of the existing OTT platforms. To test the proposed model, we applied the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in accordance with the objective and hypotheses. The proposed model explains 45% of perceived value and 41% of continuance intentions, respectively. The results indicated that there are four significant relationships and one insignificant relationship. To explicitly state; perceived ease of use, perceived customization benefits, mobility has a favorable impact on perceived value, and perceived value significantly influences the continuous intention of OTT platform, and last, entertainment value was found to be insignificant with perceived value. This study provides varied clues to marketers to shape up customers behavior and to ensure the factors affecting decision regarding continuous intention of OTT platform. The current study proposes that continuous intentions can be framed by offering value.
Indigenous Entrepreneurship and Venture Creation: A Typology of Indigenous Crowdfunding Campaigns
Authors: Parhankangas Annaleena , Colbourne Rick
Published: June 2022

Indigenous entrepreneurship is a process of drawing value from community-based resources (people, land, capabilities, culture, etc.) and contributing value back that is responsive to a community’s particular set of socioeconomic conditions (Colbourne, 2017a; Jack & Anderson, 2002; Kenney & Goe, 2004: 699). The advent of crowdfunding pointed to the potential of digital platforms to facilitate socioeconomic change through ameliorating disparities in access to entrepreneurial financing for marginalized communities. Thus, crowdfunding represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to access capital; showcase their ventures; and assert their right to design, develop, and maintain Indigenous-centric institutions. To investigate the emancipatory potential of Indigenous crowdfunding campaigns, we conducted a non-participatory netnographic explorative study that analyses over 1300 Indigenous campaigns launched between 2010 and 2020. Based on our findings, we develop a typology of Indigenous emancipatory crowdfunding across four orientations: (i) commercial, (ii) cultural, (iii) community, and (iv) activist campaigns.
Social Media as a Recruitment Strategy with Transgender-Identified Individuals: Using an Ethical Lens to Direct Methodology
Authors: Bush Jake , Blackwell Christopher W.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Researchers are limited when using traditional recruitment methods to access hidden and vulnerable populations, including transgender persons. Social media platforms such as Facebook can provide access to the transgender population and facilitate recruitment of a representative sample. There is little regulatory guidance for using social media as a recruitment strategy. Methodology: This article presents recruitment recommendations based on a study that generated a diverse sample of transgender-identified persons using Facebook as the sole recruitment method. Results: Despite taking precautions, computer bots penetrated the initial survey. A second survey distribution collected data from a diverse sample of transgender-identified individuals. Discussion: Researchers should design social media recruitment methods with attention to privacy and transparency. Thus, using social media platforms such as Facebook to recruit transgender participants that otherwise would be challenging to reach is a viable and ethically sound alternative to traditional recruitment methods.
A Systematic Review of Warfarin Use in Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients: Cases Compiled From a Literature Review
Authors: Patel Pooja H. , Ho Tiffany , Upadhyay Shreeya M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The objective of this review was to provide dosing recommendations for percentage change in weekly warfarin dose and rates of thrombotic and bleeding events in patients requiring long-term warfarin therapy after bariatric surgery.

Data Sources:

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed (through April 5, 2021), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (through April 5, 2021) databases was completed using the keywords warfarin OR vitamin k antagonist AND bariatric surgery.

Study selection and data extraction:

Retrospective studies and matched-cohort studies evaluating preoperative and postoperative use of warfarin after bariatric surgery for obesity were considered. Weekly dose defined as sum of daily doses of warfarin for 7 consecutive days was a required outcome to be considered in this review. Patients were excluded from review if post-operative dosage change was not reported.

Data synthesis

Six studies were included with a total of 160 patients who met the criteria. A decrease in average warfarin dose was seen in all studies, with the largest decrease occurring at 1 month postsurgery followed by an upward trend toward baseline about 90 days postsurgery. While thrombotic events were observed in none of the patients, there was an increased risk of bleeding in patients, particularly in those who underwent roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice

The study provides a specific warfarin dosing titration regimen, as well as embolic and bleed risk in post-bariatric surgery population.

Conclusions

Clinicians may consider lowering warfarin weekly dose by about 25% immediately postsurgery, with doses approaching closer to baseline about 90 days postsurgery.
Strength, Stamina, and Structural Violence in the Social Sciences
Authors: Munsch Christin L.
Published: June 2022

Stereotypical portrayals of the academy depict a progressive and inclusive institution, particularly in the social sciences, disciplines that engage with social and political topics including inequality. This article, however, details the extent to which the formal structures and informal culture of academic social science continue to reflect men’s bodies and lived experiences. Specifically, I draw on autoethnographic observations and personal reflections to demonstrate the valorization of extreme bodily strength and stamina, principal components of contemporary masculinity seemingly at odds with the scholarly endeavors of the ivory tower. Additionally, I reflect on the harms proliferated in this environment including physical, emotional, and economic violence; trauma; and the persistence of macro-level patterns of inequality.
Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire Across Nine Adolescent Samples
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Leon Michelle , Elklit Ask
Published: June 2022

Trauma researchers often make claims about the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across populations, and yet cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) is rarely assessed. Nine youth samples with Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) responses were grouped based on sampling strategy used into two sets: representative (Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Lithuania, n = 1,457), and convenience (Greenland, India, Kenya, Malaysia, and Uganda, n = 2,036). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to gauge whether configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance of different models held between national samples within the two sets. Configural invariance held for most PTSD models in convenience samples, not in representative samples. Metric invariance was less common, and scalar and residual in general did not hold. Cultural similarity between samples seemed to be associated with invariance. Findings suggest that although PTSD symptoms may cluster similarly across culturally distal groups, comparisons of the severity of symptoms using the HTQ across adolescent samples are not likely valid.
Investigation of active vibration control strategy aiming at global vibration suppression
Authors: Han Yuying , Sheng Meiping , Li Qiaojiao , Fu Xiaohan
Published: June 2022

Active vibration control (AVC) effect of the classical strategy is mainly restricted to a limited region around the error sensor, while the structural vibration at other locations may be dramatically enlarged. The enlargement is non-negligible when the global vibration suppression is considered. Aiming at this enlargement, an indicator is presented to reveal the effect of the classical strategy on the whole controlled structure. By establishing a cost function related with the indicator, an improved AVC strategy is proposed. Utilizing the proposed strategy, an optimized secondary force is obtained to achieve the global vibration suppression. Numerical simulations of AVC are undertaken on a typical plate to verify the superiority of the proposed strategy. Results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is still effective to achieve the global vibration suppression at frequencies where the classical strategy fails. This performance indicates that the proposed strategy is advantageous for global vibration suppression by attenuating the total input power, which provides more attraction for the actual application of AVC.
Balancing at the Beginning of Words—Revisiting the Idea of Open Awareness in Qualitative Research
Authors: Dahlberg Helena
Published: June 2022

In this article, my aim is to explain the phenomenological approach of openness in research. The understanding of open questioning is concerned with Merleau-Ponty’s analysis of the intimacy of siding with the world, and this relationship puts distinctive demands on researchers to be aware of the phenomena in the study. I also use the Feldenkrais approach that offers a body awareness practice that examines the border between humans and the world. The article shows how the phenomenological approach, together with the Feldenkrais practice, can guide researchers on the important road between nonverbal, lived experience and scientific, verbal activities.
Students’ Inattention Symptoms and Psychological Need Satisfaction During the Secondary School Transition: The Protective Role of Teachers’ Involvement
Authors: Duchesne Stéphane , Plamondon André , Ratelle Catherine F.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

This study examined the prospective relationship from student inattention symptoms to changes in their psychological need satisfaction (PNS) during their transition to secondary school. In doing so, it has explored whether this temporal association was moderated by teachers’ involvement (TI).

Method:

A sample of 688 students (46% male; Mage = 11.82) followed in Grade 6 and Secondary 1 was selected from a stratified random list.

Results:

Inattention symptoms predicted a decrease in autonomy and competence need satisfaction, after adjusting for gender, anxiety, aggression, and PNS at baseline. In addition, TI in Secondary 1 attenuated the association between inattention and autonomy need satisfaction decline. TI also predicted a smaller decrease in competence need satisfaction, over and above the contribution of inattention.

Conclusions:

Results support the importance of TI in PNS of students who are struggling with inattention throughout a critical transition. Implications for educational practices and research are discussed.
Investigation of the effect of wavy honeycomb on the bending performance of the sandwich structure
Authors: Solak Alparslan , Temiztaş Birgül A , Bolat Berna
Published: June 2022

Sandwich structures are frequently used in structural areas where lightness and strength are essential. These structures are indispensable for sailing boats, and ground and air vehicles. The base purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wave parameters on the sandwich structure. The data obtained from the bending tests of the model created using Ls-Dyna was compared with the experimental data of the literature. There is a 3.05% difference between the peak force in experimental and Ls-Dyna. The force-deformation plots are coherent, and the progressive images of the sandwich structure during bending are similar. In addition, using theoretical approaches, the highest force and the amount of collapse during bending were determined. There is a difference of 3.1% between the theoretical approach and Ls-Dyna values. Thus, the Ls-Dyna model was validated. The flat cell walls of the honeycomb were modeled as a sine wave. Four wave numbers and wave amplitudes were used. In this way, 16 different analysis files were created. The results show that the new sandwich structure’s specific peak force and specific energy absorption (SEA) increased by 7–110% compared to the ordinary flat walled sandwich structure. This research will assist in the design of new sandwich structures.
An 8-Gene Signature for Classifying Major Subtypes of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hamaneh Mehdi , Yu Yi-Kuo
Published: June 2022

Motivation:

The precise diagnosis of the major subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, of non-small-cell lung cancer is of practical importance as some treatments are subtype-specific. However, in some cases diagnosis via the commonly-used method, that is staining the specimen using immunohistochemical markers, may be challenging. Hence, having a computational method that complements the diagnosis is desirable. In this paper, we propose a gene signature for this purpose.

Results:

We developed an expression-based method that systematically suggests a huge set of candidate gene signatures and finds the best candidate. By applying this method to a training set, the optimal gene signature was found by considering close to 765 billion candidate signatures. The 8-gene signature found for classifying the 2 aforementioned subtypes comprises TP63, CALML3, KRT5, PKP1, TESC, SPINK1, C9orf152, and KRT7. The signature achieved a high overall prediction accuracy of 0.936 when tested using 34 independent gene expression datasets obtained using different technologies and comprising 2556 adenocarcinoma and 1630 squamous cell carcinoma samples. Additionally, the signature performed well in clinically challenging cases, that is poorly differentiated tumors and specimens obtained from biopsies. In comparison with 2 previously reported signatures, our signature performed better in terms of overall accuracy and especially accuracy of classifying lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions:

Our signature is easy to use and accurate regardless of the technology used to obtain the gene expression profiles. It performs well even in clinically challenging cases and thus can assist pathologists in diagnosis of the ambiguous cases.
Examining the Built Environment for Healthy Living via Virtual Street Audits
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Mooney Stephen J , Nabavi Meena , Karimi Maryam , Nassel Ariann , McCormick Lisa C
Published: June 2022

During the fall 2019 and spring 2020 semesters, 156 MPH students enrolled in the Integrative Learning Experience at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health explored concepts of the built environment and health by auditing 2500 street segments in 4 urban neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama. In teams of 4 to 5, in-class and online students worked collaboratively to assess 63 built environment variables related to transportation, land use, advertisement, and neighborhood physical disorder. This type of “community assessment” is the first stage of the Evidence-based Public Health Framework and consistent with the applied nature of an MPH degree. Authors conducted secondary data analysis of final team assignments to demonstrate how students translated observations and ratings into practical recommendations for neighborhood improvements to promote physical activity. Students recommended improvements in neighborhood infrastructure and services, specifically: creating exercise space, providing outdoor exercise equipment, improving neighborhood safety, and cultivating a culture of health. The Integrative Learning Experience course encouraged students to use their knowledge and skills to prioritize recommendations to improve neighborhood conditions. Variable ratings and observations increased student awareness of the built environment and its potential to impact individual and community health. Moreover, the project helped students make connections between proximal outcomes, such as improving neighborhood walkability, and distal outcomes, such as improved health outcomes among residents. Finally, this project modeled for students the use of evidence-based strategies for making data-informed decisions, which are essential skills for new and emerging public health professionals.
Current State of Knowledge on the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Approaches, Efficacy, and Challenges
Authors: Uchimiak Katarzyna , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna M. , Sobiborowicz-Sadowska Aleksandra , Deptała Andrzej
Published: June 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Recently, there has been a growing interest in immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in TNBC, leading to extensive preclinical and clinical research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on ICIs efficacy and their predictive markers in TNBC and highlights the areas where the data are still limited. Currently, the only approved ICI-based regimen for TNBC is pembrolizumab with chemotherapy. Its advantage over chemotherapy alone was confirmed for non-metastatic TNBC regardless of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (KEYNOTE-522) and for metastatic, PD-L1-positive TNBC (KEYNOTE-355). Pembrolizumab’s efficacy was also evaluated in monotherapy, or in combination with niraparib and radiation therapy, showing potential efficacy and acceptable safety profile in phase 2 clinical trials. Atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel increased the overall survival (OS) over placebo + nab-paclitaxel in early TNBC, regardless of PD-L1 status (IMpassion031). In IMpassion130 (untreated, advanced TNBC), the OS improvement was not statistically significant in the intention-to-treat population but clinically meaningful in the PD-L1 positive cohort. The durvalumab–anthracycline combination showed an increased response durability over placebo anthracycline in early TNBC (GeparNuevo). Several phase 1 clinical trials also showed a potential efficacy of atezolizumab and avelumab monotherapy in metastatic TNBC. ICIs appear to be applicable in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, and are both pretreated and previously untreated patients. Further research is necessary to determine the most beneficial drug combinations and optimize patient selection. It is essential to identify the predictive markers for ICIs and factors affecting their expression.
Research on tribological performance of piston ring/liner conjunction considering non-Gaussian roughness and cavitation
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K , Ramkumar P , Katiyar Jitendra K
Published: June 2022

The tribological performance of piston ring-cylinder liner conjunction (PRCLC) notably depends on the surface finish of cylinder liner. This study investigates the mixed lubrication condition near dead centres considering non-Gaussian roughness and cavitation. The non-Gaussian flow factors are incorporated in the average Reynold's equation to include the effect of non-Gaussian roughness. Whereas, the Weibull probability distribution function is employed to model the asymmetry in asperity heights. It is found that surfaces with more negative skewness exhibit lower engine total frictional force in the vicinity of the dead centres. No substantial effect of the skewness and surface roughness is observed in the mid-stroke of the piston. It is shown that PRCLC operates in mixed-EHL regime near the dead centres. The lambda ratio is found to increase with an increase in skewness of the rough surface.
To Convince, to Provoke or to Entertain? A Study on Individual Motivations behind Engaging with Conspiracy Theories Online
Authors: Morosoli Sophie , Van Aelst Peter , van Erkel Patrick
Published: June 2022

The growing dissemination of conspiracy theories on social media has challenged the well-being of societies. This study aims to understand why individuals would engage with conspiracy theories and what role specific beliefs, but also individual factors such as personality traits play. To answer these questions, we conducted surveys in six countries (Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, France, the UK and the U.S.) and investigate three motivations (conviction, entertainment and reaction provocation) behind the dissemination of conspiracy content on social media. Our findings demonstrate that across issues, individuals who indicated they would engage with conspiracy theories do it mainly because they are convinced by the message. Political orientation and issue attitudes proof to be connected to individual engagement with conspiracy theories out of conviction, while dark personality traits such as narcissism and psychopathy are valid predictors for why individuals would disseminate conspiracy theories out of entertainment reasons or to provoke reactions.
Improving the indoor thermal environment in lightweight buildings in winter by passive solar heating: An experimental study
Authors: Kou Fangcheng , Shi Shaohang , Zhu Ning , Song Yehao , Zou Yu , Mo Jinhan , Wang Xin
Published: June 2022

Traditional lightweight building envelopes with constant thermal properties are of small heat capacity and large thermal resistance. Lightweight building envelopes with variable thermal conductivity and variable equivalent specific heat capacity can promote passive solar heat gain for clean heating and improve the indoor thermal environment in winter. In this paper, a real-scale lightweight solar house integrated with flat gravity-assisted heat pipes and PCM (phase change material) was built up, and the indoor heating effects of four forms of the solar house were experimentally studied. The results showed that (1) the heat pipes efficiently transferred solar heat absorbed by the exterior surface of the south envelope into the indoor environment during the day and increased the average daytime indoor air temperature by 3.8°C, but this benefit was not proportional to the area of heat pipes. (2) The PCM effectively stored solar energy during the day and released heat to the indoor environment at night, and the daily range of indoor air temperature was reduced by 8.7°C, with only 81% mass and 33% volume of concrete block, respectively. (3) The solar house increased the effective proportion of solar energy for indoor heating from 8.7% to 57.5% in the form of DHP + PCM house.
Influence of building envelope characteristics on the effectiveness of PMV-based controls for schools located in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaidroos Alaa , Almaimani Ayad , Krarti Moncef , Qurnfulah Emad , Tiwari Alok
Published: June 2022

This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive analysis to investigate the performance of both thermal comfort-based and temperature-based controls for schools in harsh hot climates of Saudi Arabia. The analysis considers the impact of building envelope characteristics including thermal insulation level of exterior walls and air leakage rate on the ability of both control options to maintain indoor thermal comfort while minimizing cooling energy consumption. The analysis utilizes a calibrated energy model for an existing Saudi school with monitored energy consumption data. The analysis results indicated that the thermal comfort-based control is able to maintain the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) value at 5% throughout the year for any combination of the exterior wall’s R-value and air infiltration rate unlike the case of the temperature-based controls that do not maintain acceptable indoor thermal comfort conditions. However, the thermal comfort-based controls consume more cooling energy than the temperature-based controls. The analysis also revealed that the difference between the annual cooling energy of the PMV-based control and the temperature-based controls increases almost linearly with the cooling degree days of the site where the school is located. The analysis results indicate that acceptable indoor thermal comfort levels can be achieved using temperature-based controls when optimal temperature set points are used.
The Future of the Australasian Marketing Academy: Challenges and Priorities
Authors: Gurrieri Lauren , Reid Mike
Published: June 2022

In this introduction to the special section on the future of the Australasian marketing academy, we reflect on the rapidly changing academic environment and the challenges and priorities this raises for the marketing discipline. Specifically, we consider the value of marketing education and research to stakeholders, how marketing can contribute to emerging challenges across business and society, how the marketing academy can amplify marginalised voices and be more inclusive, and the health and wellbeing of marketing academics. Next, we present key findings from research we conducted to examine issues of equity, inclusion and wellbeing within the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC) member environment. We highlight which problems persist and where change is needed to challenge exclusionary dynamics and foster a more inclusive academy. To unpack and draw further attention to these issues, we then introduce the six papers that comprise the special section. Collectively, these papers present provocations on the future of the Australasian marketing academy and invite you to consider where we should be headed and what actions must be taken.
The discourses of data journalism
Authors: Hannaford Liz
Published: June 2022

Becoming a data literate, technologically competent journalist is represented as a desirable goal that will benefit the individual, the industry and society as a whole. Data journalism skills are increasingly being taught in journalism programmes around the world. This article applies Foucault’s distinctive conceptualisation of discourse to critically examine data journalism as constructed in the ‘talk’ of its most visible pioneers. The analysis is driven by three distinctive aspects of Foucault’s theory of discourse – power, knowledge and materiality. Using these tools, I investigate how data journalism knowledge is produced, the practices that reinforce it and the strategic power relations it conceals. I argue that data journalism draws on four discourses – journalism, technology, enterprise and citizenship – and wraps itself in the power relations embedded in these prestigious discourses. I argue that there is a political imperative for journalism educators to examine these power relations because material injustices along race, gender, class lines are built into them and have consequences for our students and society.
‘Imagine you are a Dog’: embodied learning in multi-species research
Authors: Fox Rebekah , Charles Nickie , Smith Harriet , Miele Mara
Published: June 2022

Based upon a multi-species ethnography of companion dog training in the UK, this paper examines the training class as a site of inter-species communication through which dogs and their humans are mutually affected and transformed. We argue that dog training represents an important form of multi-species learning in which participants (human trainer, trainee and canine) shape one another, jointly if asymmetrically, through the performance of particular tasks and challenges. Successful training requires ‘attunement’ to the haptic and sensory experiences of another species and the creation of shared embodied languages through which relationships of trust and reciprocity are formed. Responding to calls for less human-centred methods we examine the possibilities of visual and ethnographic methods for capturing the ‘animal’s point of view’ and explore how deep ethnographic involvement of the researcher’s own body can draw attention to the everyday complexities of embodied inter-species communication. We consider the importance of our own embodied learning in decentring the human in the research process, engendering a corporeal understanding of the multi-sensory nature of inter-species interaction and transforming ourselves in the process. Through the use of ethnographic vignettes, photos and video stills we highlight the importance of body language, sound, touch, smell and training atmospheres in the creation of shared knowledges. In doing so we explore the possibilities of such methods for evoking the affective dimensions of human-canine interactions and attending to the complex and multiple actors and sensibilities which comprise multi-species training relationships.
Memories in Persons with Epilepsy: They Are More Fragile Than You Think
Authors: Sarkis Rani
Published: June 2022

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Mixed Methods Community-Engaged Evaluation: Integrating Interventionist and Action Research Frameworks to Understand a Community-Building Violence Prevention Program
Authors: Banyard Victoria L. , Edwards Katie M. , Rizzo Andrew J. , Segura-Montagut Anna , Greenberg Patricia , Kearns Megan C.
Published: June 2022

While mixed methods research can enhance studies of intervention outcomes and projects where research itself transforms communities through participatory approaches, methodologists need explicit examples. As the field of interpersonal violence prevention increasingly embraces community-level prevention strategies, it may benefit from research methods that mirror community-building prevention processes. A multiphase mixed methods study with sequential and convergent components assessed the feasibility, and impact of a prevention program to change social norms and increase collective efficacy in towns. Joint display analysis created a nuanced picture of the acceptability, feasibility, and impact of the program. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by bridging discussions of “interventionist” studies with models of community-based participatory mixed methods research into a combined community-engaged method.
Interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are primary cytokines involved in the Th1/Th2 inflammatory response in chronic secretory otitis media
Authors: Liao Zhifang , Tu Bo , Sun Liang , Dong Chang , Jiang Hongyan , Hu Genwen
Published: June 2022

Background:

T-helper (Th)1/Th2 inflammatory responses are responsible for secretory otitis media (SOM) development. However, the mechanisms underlying these immune responses remain unknown. This study aims to identify the primary cytokines that play essential roles in chronic SOM.

Methods:

Two groups were established for the present study: chronic SOM group ( n = 21) and control group ( n = 10). The middle ear effusion and serum samples of the expression cytokines (interleukin IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, IL-33, interferon [IFN]-γ, thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP], immunoglobulin IgE, and pepsins) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, IFN-γ, TLSP, pepsins, IL-2, and IL-33 (all, p < 0.001) were higher in middle ear effusion, when compared to those in serum, in chronic SOM group (non-paired sample). However, there was no significant difference in serum expression for those cytokines compared chronic SOM group and control group. The paired sample expression for IL-33 and TLSP (both, p = 0.046) were higher compared the effusion and serum in chronic SOM group.

Conclusions:

IL-33 produces inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β, which through nucleus into cytoplasm causing inflammatory responses. The present study revealed that IL-33 also produce IL-17, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 inflammatory factors, triggering an inflammatory response. Study reported that the combined stimulation of TSLP and IL-33 elicits an approximately 10-fold increase in cytokine production, when compared to the stimulation of IL-33 alone. This suggests that IL-33 and TLSP may be the primary cytokines involved in Th1/Th2 inflammatory responses in chronic SOM.
Informed consent in a tuberculosis genetic study in Cameroon: information overload, situational vulnerability and diagnostic misconception
Authors: Mohammed-Ali Ali Ibrahim , Gebremeskel Eyoab Iyasu , Yenshu Emmanuel , Nji Theobald , Ntabe Apungwa Cornelius , Wanji Samuel , Tangwa Godfrey B , Munung Nchangwi Syntia
Published: June 2022

Concerns around comprehension and recall of consent information by research participants have typically been associated with low health and research literacy levels. In genomics research, this concern is heightened as the scientific and ethical complexities of genetics research, such as biobanking, genetic susceptibility, data sharing, and incidental findings may be more difficult for potential research participants to understand. However, challenges to research participants’ comprehension of consent information may be compounded by factors beyond health and research literacy levels. To identify factors that may impact research participants’ understanding and recall of consent information, we designed a qualitative study to explore whether participants enrolled in a tuberculosis genetics study (TBGEN-Africa) in Cameroon understood the objectives of the study, the risks and benefits and certain key aspects of the study such as biobanking and data sharing. The results showed that research participants had limited understanding and/or recall of the TBGEN-Africa study goals and methods. Some participants were of the opinion that TBGEN-Africa was not a genetics study because tuberculosis is not an inheritable condition. Factors that may have hindered understanding and/or recall of study information are diagnostic misconception (research participants consider research as part of medical diagnosis), and information overload and situational vulnerability (consent at a time of physical and emotional distress). There is a need for improved practices to support research participants’ understanding of consent information in genetics studies including designing the consent process in ways that minimize psychological distress and diagnostic/therapeutic misconception.
Management of hepatorenal syndrome in liver cirrhosis: a recent update
Authors: Bera Chinmay , Wong Florence
Published: June 2022

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious form of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It is an important component of the acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) syndrome. Significant recent changes in the understanding of the pathophysiology of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis include the role of inflammation in addition to hemodynamic changes. The term acute kidney injury (AKI) is now adopted to include all functional and structural forms of acute renal dysfunction in cirrhosis, with various stages describing the severity of the condition. Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS1) is renamed HRS-AKI, which is stage 2 AKI [doubling of baseline serum creatinine (sCr)] while fulfilling all other criteria of HRS1. Albumin is used for its volume expanding and anti-inflammatory properties to confirm the diagnosis of HRS-AKI. Vasoconstrictors are added to albumin as pharmacotherapy to improve the hemodynamics. Terlipressin, although not yet available in North America, is the most common vasoconstrictor used worldwide. Patients with high grade of ACLF treated with terlipressin are at risk for respiratory failure if there is pretreatment respiratory compromise. Norepinephrine is equally effective as terlipressin in reversing HRS1. Recent data show that norepinephrine may be administered outside the intensive care setting, but close monitoring is still required. There has been no improvement in overall or transplant-free survival shown with vasoconstrictor use, but response to vasoconstrictors with reduction in sCr is associated with improvement in survival. Non-responders to vasoconstrictor plus albumin will need liver transplantation as definite treatment with renal replacement therapy as a bridge therapy. Combined liver and kidney transplantation is recommended for patients with prolonged history of AKI, underlying chronic kidney disease or with hereditary renal conditions. Future developments, such as the use of biomarkers and metabolomics, may help to identify at risk patients with earlier diagnosis to allow for earlier treatment with improved outcomes.
Impact of proton pump inhibitors on the in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Yao Haijuan , Li Hongyu , Ma Zhuang , Wu Yanyan , Tang Yufu , Meng Hao , Yu Hao , Peng Chengfei , Teng Yue , Zhang Quanyu , Zhu Tianyi , Zhao Haitao , Chu Guiyang , Tong Zhenhua , Liu Lu , Lu Hui , Qi Xingshun
Published: June 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered a global public health crisis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs. However, the effect of PPIs on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients remains unclear.

Methods:

All COVID-19 patients admitted to the Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital from February 2020 to April 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into PPIs and non-PPIs groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of PPIs on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients, including transfer to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and death. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms potentially associated with acid and the routes, types, median total dosage, and duration of PPIs. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:

Of the 3024 COVID-19 patients included, 694 and 2330 were in PPIs and non-PPIs groups, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that PPIs significantly increased the risk of reaching the composite endpoint in COVID-19 patients (OR = 10.23, 95% CI = 6.90–15.16, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, other medications, and severe/critical COVID-19, PPIs were independently associated with an increased risk of reaching the composite endpoint (OR = 7.00, 95% CI = 4.57–10.71, p < 0.001). This association remained significant in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and those who received an intravenous omeprazole alone, but not those who received oral lansoprazole or rabeprazole alone. It was not influenced by dosage or duration of PPIs.

Conclusion:

The use of intravenous PPIs alone during hospitalization may be associated with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients.
Biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification
Authors: Farha Mark W. , Salami Simpa S.
Published: June 2022

Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, most patients do not die from the disease. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), the most widely used oncologic biomarker, has revolutionized screening and early detection, resulting in reduced proportion of patients presenting with advanced disease. However, given the inherent limitations of PSA, additional diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed to facilitate early detection and accurate risk stratification of disease. Serum, urine, and tissue-based biomarkers are increasingly being incorporated into the clinical care paradigm, but there is still a limited understanding of how to use them most effectively. In the current article, we review test characteristics and clinical performance data for both serum [4 K score, prostate health index (phi)] and urine [SelectMDx, ExoDx Prostate Intelliscore, MyProstateScore (MPS), and PCa antigen 3 (PCA3)] biomarkers to aid decisions regarding initial or repeat biopsies as well as tissue-based biomarkers (Confirm MDx, Decipher, Oncotype Dx, and Polaris) aimed at risk stratifying patients and identifying those patients most likely to benefit from treatment versus surveillance or monotherapy versus multi-modal therapy.