bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Science for Extubation Prediction and Value of Information in Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Lun , Huang Min-Hsin , Lee Chia-Yen , Lai Wu-Wei
Published: October 2019

Besides the traditional indices such as biochemistry, arterial blood gas, rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, this study suggests a data science framework for extubation prediction in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) and investigates the value of the information our prediction model provides. A data science framework including variable selection (e.g., multivariate adaptive regression splines, stepwise logistic regression and random forest), prediction models (e.g., support vector machine, boosting logistic regression and backpropagation neural network (BPN)) and decision analysis (e.g., Bayesian method) is proposed to identify the important variables and support the extubation decision. An empirical study of a leading hospital in Taiwan in 2015–2016 is conducted to validate the proposed framework. The results show that APACHE II and white blood cells (WBC) are the two most critical variables, and then the priority sequence is eye opening, heart rate, glucose, sodium and hematocrit. BPN with selected variables shows better prediction performance (sensitivity: 0.830; specificity: 0.890; accuracy 0.860) than that with APACHE II or RSBI. The value of information is further investigated and shows that the expected value of experimentation (EVE), 0.652 days (patient staying in the ICU), is saved when comparing with current clinical experience. Furthermore, the maximal value of information occurs in a failure rate around 7.1% and it reveals the “best applicable condition” of the proposed prediction model. The results validate the decision quality and useful information provided by our predicted model.
Post-Lumbar Puncture Headache—Does Hydration before Puncture Prevent Headache and Affect Cerebral Blood Flow?
Authors: Nowaczewska Magdalena , Kukulska-Pawluczuk Beata , Kaźmierczak Henryk , Pawlak-Osińska Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Headache is a common complication after diagnostic lumbar puncture (DLP). We aimed to check whether hydration before puncture influences the incidence of post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) and affects cerebral blood flow. Ninety-nine patients enrolled for puncture were assigned to a group with (n = 40) or without hydration (n = 59). In the hydration group, 1000 mL 0.9% NaCl was infused and a minimum of 1500 mL oral fluids was recommended within the 24 h before puncture. A Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was performed before and after DLP. Mean velocity (Vm) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). PLPH occurred in 28 patients (28.2%): six (15.4%) from the hydrated and 22 (37.3%) from the non-hydrated group (p < 0.023). Patients with PLPH were younger (p < 0.014) and with headaches in their histories (p < 0.036) compared with the non-headache group. Vm values in both MCAs after puncture were significantly lower than before puncture in all patients. In the PLPH group, Vm in MCAs before puncture were significantly higher and the PI was lower than in the non-headache group. Our findings suggest that hydration of patients within 24 h before puncture prevented PLPH. Twenty-four hours after puncture, significant decreases in Vm were observed in the MCAs of all patients. Low baseline values of PI and high Vm predisposed patients to PLPH.
Monochorionic Twins: A Delicate Balance
Authors: Lopriore Enrico , Lewi Liesbeth , Khalil Asma
Published: October 2019

Monochorionic (MC) twins are identical twins who share one placenta, with vascular anastomoses connecting the circulations of both fetuses [...]
Factors Associated with Shortening of Prehospital Delay among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Soto-Cámara Raúl , González-Santos Josefa , González-Bernal Jerónimo , Martín-Santidrian Asunción , Cubo Esther , Trejo-Gabriel-Galán José M
Published: October 2019

Background: Despite recent advances in acute stroke care, only 1–8% of patients can receive reperfusion therapies, mainly because of prehospital delay (PHD). Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with PHD from the onset of acute stroke symptoms until arrival at the hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including all patients consecutively admitted with stroke symptoms to Burgos University Hospital (Burgos, Spain). Socio-demographic, clinical, behavioral, cognitive, and contextualized characteristics were recorded, and their possible associations with PHD were studied using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: The median PHD of 322 patients was 138.50 min. The following factors decreased the PHD and time until reperfusion treatment where applicable: asking for help immediately after the onset of symptoms (OR 10.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.47–23.99), onset of stroke during the daytime (OR 7.73; 95% CI 3.09–19.34) and the weekend (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.19–5.85), occurrence of stroke outside the home (OR 7.09; 95% CI 1.97–25.55), using a prenotification system (OR 6.46; 95% CI 1.71–8.39), patient’s perception of being unable to control symptoms without assistance (OR 5.14; 95% CI 2.60–10.16), previous knowledge of stroke as a medical emergency (OR 3.20; 95% CI 1.38–7.40), call to emergency medical services as the first medical contact (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.32–5.88), speech/language difficulties experienced by the patient (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.16–4.36), and the identification of stroke symptoms by the patient (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.03–3.82). Conclusions: The interval between the onset of symptoms and arrival at the hospital depends on certain contextual, cognitive, and behavioral factors, all of which should be considered when planning future public awareness campaigns.
RETRACTED: Nurse’s A-Phase–Silicocarnotite Ceramic–Bone Tissue Interaction in a Rabbit Tibia Defect Model
Authors: Ñíguez Sevilla Belén , Rabadan-Ros Ruben , Alcaraz-Baños Miguel , Martínez Díaz Francisco , Mate Sánchez de Val José , López-Gónzalez Iván , Calvo-Guirado Jose , De Aza Piedad , Meseguer-Olmo Luis
Published: October 2019

Calcium phosphate materials are widely used as bone substitutes due to their bioactive and biodegradable properties. Also, the presence of silicon in their composition seems to improve the bioactivity of the implant and promote bone tissue repair. The aim of this study was to develop a novel ceramic scaffold by partial solid-state sintering method with a composition lying in the field of the Nurse’s A-phase–silicocarnotite, in the tricalcium phosphate–dicalcium silicate (TCP–C2S) binary system. Also, we evaluated its osteogenic and osteoconductive properties after being implanted into tibia defects in New Zealand rabbits. X-ray, microcomputer tomography, and histomorphometry studies demonstrated that this porous ceramic is highly biocompatible and it has excellent osteointegration. The material was being progressively reabsorbed throughout the study and there was no unspecified local or systemic inflammatory response observed. These results suggest that ceramic imitates the physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes used in bone reconstruction.
Effect of Post Treatment on the Microstructure, Surface Roughness and Residual Stress Regarding the Fatigue Strength of Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Structures
Authors: Schneller Wolfgang , Leitner Martin , Pomberger Sebastian , Springer Sebastian , Beter Florian , Grün Florian
Published: October 2019

This paper focusses on the effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and a solution annealing post treatment on the fatigue strength of selectively laser melted (SLM) AlSi10Mg structures. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of the unprocessed (as-built) surface and residual stresses, regarding the fatigue behaviour for each condition. The surface roughness of unprocessed specimens is evaluated based on digital light optical microscopy and subsequent three-dimensional image post processing. To holistically characterize contributing factors to the fatigue strength, the axial surface residual stress of all specimens with unprocessed surfaces is measured using X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the in-depth residual stress distribution of selected samples is analyzed. The fatigue strength is evaluated by tension-compression high-cycle fatigue tests under a load stress ratio of R = −1. For the machined specimens, intrinsic defects like pores or intermetallic phases are identified as the failure origin. Regarding the unprocessed test series, surface features cause the failures that correspond to significantly reduced cyclic material properties of approximately −60% referring to machined ones. There are beneficial effects on the surface roughness and residual stresses evoked due to the post treatments. Considering the aforementioned influencing factors, this study provides a fatigue assessment of the mentioned conditions of the investigated Al-material.
Electrochemical Detection of Solution Phase Hybridization Related to Single Nucleotide Mutation by Carbon Nanofibers Enriched Electrodes
Authors: Erdem Arzum , Eksin Ece
Published: October 2019

In the present study, a sensitive and selective impedimetric detection of solution-phase nucleic acid hybridization related to Factor V Leiden (FV Leiden) mutation was performed by carbon nanofibers (CNF) modified screen printed electrodes (SPE). The microscopic and electrochemical characterization of CNF-SPEs was explored in comparison to the unmodified electrodes. Since the FV Leiden mutation is a widespread inherited risk factor predisposing to venous thromboembolism, this study herein aimed to perform the impedimetric detection of FV Leiden mutation by a zip nucleic acid (ZNA) probe-based assay in combination with CNF-SPEs. The selectivity of the assay was then examined against the mutation-free DNA sequences as well as the synthetic PCR samples.
Ethylcellulose–A Pharmaceutical Excipient with Multidirectional Application in Drug Dosage Forms Development
Authors: Wasilewska Katarzyna , Winnicka Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Polymers constitute the most important group of excipients utilized in modern pharmaceutical technology, playing an essential role in the development of drug dosage forms. Synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural polymeric materials offer opportunities to overcome different formulative challenges and to design novel dosage forms for controlled release or for site-specific drug delivery. They are extensively used to design therapeutic systems, modify drug release, or mask unpleasant drug taste. Cellulose derivatives are characterized by different physicochemical properties, such as swellability, viscosity, biodegradability, pH dependency, or mucoadhesion, which determine their use in industry. One cellulose derivative with widespread application is ethylcellulose. Ethylcellulose is used in pharmaceutical technology as a coating agent, flavoring fixative, binder, filler, film-former, drug carrier, or stabilizer. The aim of this article is to provide a broad overview of ethylcellulose utilization for pharmaceutical purposes, with particular emphasis on its multidirectional role in the development of oral and topical drug dosage forms.
Formability of Ultrasonically Additive Manufactured Ti-Al Thin Foil Laminates
Authors: Kaya İrfan , Cora Ömer Necati , Koç Muammer
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the effect of strain rates and temperatures on the mechanical behavior of ultrasonically consolidated Titanium–Aluminum thin foils to understand and characterize their formability. To this goal, laminated composite samples with a distinct number of layers were bonded using ultrasonic consolidation. Then, tensile and biaxial hydraulic bulge tests at different strain rates and temperature conditions were conducted. The effect of the sample orientation on the mechanical response was also examined. Tensile and hydraulic bulge tests results were compared to observe differences in ultimate tensile strength and strain levels under uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. The effects of loading condition, strain rate, and temperature on the material response were analyzed and discussed on the basis of test results. In general, it was concluded that the maximum elongation values attained were higher for the samples subtracted along the sonotrode movement direction compared to those obtained from the normal to sonotrode movement direction. The elongation was obtained as high as 46% for seven bi-layered samples at high-temperature ranges of 200–300 °C. Hydraulic bulge test results showed that elongation improved as the number of bi-layers increased, yet the ultimate strength values did not change significantly indicating an expansion of the formability window.
Preliminary Study of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Formulation on Acetaminophen Removal from the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Latif , Shafie Zulfida Mohamad Hafis Mohd , Zaulkiflee Nur Dina , Pang Wen Yu
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to develop an Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) system for the extraction of acetaminophen (ACTP). Firstly, ELM was formulated by the screening of liquid membrane components where the compatibility of diluent with other membrane phase components was investigated. The chosen carrier, diluent and stripping solution must comply with the reaction at the interface of the membrane to support the simultaneous processes of extraction and stripping. Therefore, parameters such as stripping agent concentration, volume ratio, initial concentration of feed phase and HCl concentration were investigated. A stable emulsion and maximum acetaminophen removal efficiency of 85% was achieved.
Experimental Investigation on Rotating Electrochemical Etching of a Micro Spiral Cylindrical Electrode
Authors: Xiong Qiuju , Wang Huali , Wang Xueliang , Deng Shihui , Liu Yong , Lv Zhen
Published: October 2019

To realize the electrochemical etching of a micro spiral cylindrical electrode, a new method of rotating electrochemical etching is proposed, and its process is further studied. First, according to the electrochemical etching principle, the machining mechanism of rotating electrochemical etching of a micro spiral cylindrical electrode is introduced. Second, based on the spiral vortex theory in the Taylor-Couette system, the effect of the high-speed rotating cylindrical microelectrode on its external flow field is analyzed. Third, the effects of rotation direction, rotation speed, machining voltage, and machining time on the thread structure are analyzed by experiments. Finally, a spiral cylindrical microelectrode with good surface thread shape is fabricated within two minutes by using the optimized machining parameters. It is proved that the rotating electrochemical etching method is an easy way to fabricate a micro spiral cylindrical electrode with high efficiency and low cost.
Effects of Imprinting Pressure on the Damage of Flexible Composite Mould and Pattern Quality during UV Nanoimprinting
Authors: Zheng Xu , Wang Qing , Du Wenquan
Published: October 2019

Imprinting pressure is the significant factor for composite mould durability and pattern quality during UV nanoimprinting on complex surfaces. To solve these problems, the effects of imprinting pressure on the damage of flexible composite mould and pattern quality-encountering particles were investigated through experiment and simulation. It was found that increasing the pressure could improve the pattern quality, but it will damage the mould and reduce the durability. Moreover, too small pressure could lead to serious pattern defects. Therefore, the imprint pressure of 30 kPa was suitable for use in the imprinting process from the viewpoints of protecting the mould and reducing pattern defects. These findings will be useful for improving the pattern quality and mould durability.
Spatial Chirp of Agate Bands
Authors: Goldbaum Julia , Howard Charles , Rabinovitch Avinoam
Published: October 2019

Agate bandwidths are analyzed and shown to consist of spatial chirps. It is shown that (a) bands are created by following an equal volume mode and (b) the spatial chirps are approximately spherical and concentrated at different “disturbance” locations in the individual agate sectors. Results indicate that the sequence of formation started with banding under a nonlinear process in a gel matrix and were secondarily deformed by external forces.
Equations of State for the Deep Earth: Some Fundamental Considerations
Authors: Stacey Frank
Published: October 2019

None of the 40+ equations that have been proposed to describe material properties at the pressures of the Earth’s core and mantle have escaped serious criticism. In this paper, some basic algebraic and thermodynamic constraints are reviewed, with the conclusion that the next step should be a re-examination of the relationship between the dependence of the bulk modulus, K, on pressure, P, that is K ′ ≡ d K / d P , and the normalized (dimensionless) pressure, P / K . A linear relationship between 1 / K ′ and P / K terminating at the infinite pressure asymptote, at which these quantities become equal, has been used for analysing properties at extreme pressure, but may be inadequate for calculations requiring precise derivatives of an equation of state. A new analysis indicates that d ( 1 / K ′ ) / d ( P / K ) increases with compression (or P / K ), but there are, at present, no reliable equations representing this. Relationships between higher derivatives of K and the thermodynamic Grüneisen parameter offer the prospect of a resolution of the problem and hence a new generation of fundamentally-based equations of state. Although an earlier conclusion that a completely general ‘universal’ equation is not possible, in principle, is confirmed in this study, the fundamental relationships present strong constraints for the forms of other proposed equations.
Multiple Generations of Wolframite Mineralization in the Echassieres District (Massif Central, France)
Authors: Monnier Loïs , Salvi Stefano , Melleton Jérémie , Bailly Laurent , Béziat Didier , de Parseval Philippe , Gouy Sophie , Lach Philippe
Published: October 2019

The Echassières district in central France contains complex rare-element ore deposits, whose formation is related to exotic igneous events and several hydrothermal episodes that are not entirely understood to date. Tungsten mineralization consists of three generations of wolframite, characterized by distinct Fe/Mn ratios (8.4; 3.5 and 0.3, for wolframite a, b and c, respectively), formed during three separate hydrothermal episodes related to the Variscan orogeny. Wolframite a occurs in quartz veins of the La Bosse stockwork where it crystallized before the Barrovian metamorphism that affected these veins and the host rock. After metamorphism, before intrusion of the Beauvoir and Colettes granites, wolframite b crystallized in the stockwork during massive topazification. High concentrations of wolframite c occur in the proximal quartz veins in the Mazet area, while only scant amounts are found in the La Bosse stockwork. In both settings, wolframite c precipitated from the fluid responsible for greisen alteration that massively affected the Beauvoir granite. In the La Bosse stockwork, greisen alteration is characterized by hydrothermal topaz that is texturally and chemically distinct from that precipitated during topazification. Supergene alteration responsible for kaolinization of Beauvoir and Colettes granites caused remobilization of a non-negligible amount of tungsten (W) during replacement of wolframite by W-rich goethite in all units of the Echassières district. This model for multiple W mineralizing events is novel and can prove essential in distinguishing potential economic deposits worldwide.
New Hydrazinothiazole Derivatives of Usnic Acid as Potent Tdp1 Inhibitors
Authors: Filimonov Aleksander S. , Chepanova Arina A. , Luzina Olga A. , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Zakharova Olga D. , Ilina Ekaterina S. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Kuprushkin Maxim S. , Kolotaev Anton V. , Khachatryan Derenik S. , Patel Jinal , Leung Ivanhoe K.H. , Chand Raina , Ayine-Tora Daniel M. , Reynisson Johannes , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Lavrik Olga I.
Published: October 2019

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Combination chemotherapy using Tdp1 inhibitors as a component can potentially improve therapeutic response to many chemotherapeutic regimes. A new set of usnic acid derivatives with hydrazonothiazole pharmacophore moieties were synthesized and evaluated as Tdp1 inhibitors. Most of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The activity of the compounds was verified by binding experiments and supported by molecular modeling. The ability of the most effective inhibitors, used at non-toxic concentrations, to sensitize tumors to the anticancer drug topotecan was also demonstrated. The order of administration of the inhibitor and topotecan on their synergistic effect was studied, suggesting that prior or simultaneous introduction of the inhibitor with topotecan is the most effective.
Pseudolaric Acid B Induces Growth Inhibition and Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis on Head and Neck Cancer Cell lines through Death Receptor 5
Authors: Choi Su-Jung , Ahn Chi-Hyun , Yang In-Hyoung , Jin Bohwan , Lee Won Woo , Kim Ji-Hoon , Ahn Min-Hye , Swarup Neeti , Hong Kyoung-Ok , Shin Ji-Ae , Woo Nam-Tae , Hong Seong Doo , Lee Jae-Il , Cho Sung-Dae
Published: October 2019

Pseudolaric Acid B (PAB), diterpenoid isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon tree (Pinaceae), exhibits an anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity in various cancer cell lines but to date, the effects of PAB on head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that PAB significantly inhibited the viability and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HN22 cell line. PAB-induced apoptosis is through inducing death receptor 5 (DR5) together with the increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-8. It also inhibited the proliferations and induced apoptosis through DR5 in other three HNC cell lines (HSC3, Ca9.22, and HSC4). Extending our in vitro findings, we found that ethanol extract of Pseudolarix kaempferi (2.5 mg/kg/day) reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model bearing HN22 cell line without any change in body weight. DR5 were also found to be increased in tumors tissue of PAB-treated mice without any apparent histopathological changes in liver or kidney tissues. Taken together, PAB may be a potential lead compound for chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck cancer.
Isoliquiritigenin Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Metastasis by Reversing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Chen Chen , Huang Shuang , Chen Chang-Liang , Su Shi-Bing , Fang Dong-Dong
Published: October 2019

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a prominent role in cancer metastasis. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), one of the flavonoids in licorice, has been shown to exhibit anticancer activities in many cancer types through various mechanisms. However, it is unknown whether ISL impacts the EMT process. Here, we show that ISL is able to suppress mesenchymal features of ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR5 cells, evidenced by an apparent morphological change from a mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype and reduced levels of mesenchymal markers accompanied by the gain of E-cadherin expression. The suppression of EMT is also supported by the observed decrease in cell migration and in vitro invasion upon ISL treatment. Moreover, we show that ISL effectively blocks the intraperitoneal xenograft development of the SKOV3 cell line and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. These data suggest that ISL inhibits intraperitoneal ovary tumor development through the suppression of EMT, indicating that ISL may be an effective therapeutic agent against ovarian cancer.
Water Extracts of Hull-less Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar ‘Boseokchal’ Inhibit RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Kim Kwang-Jin , Lee Yongjin , Son So-Ri , Lee Hyunjin , Son Young-Jin , Lee Mi-Kyung , Lee Mija
Published: October 2019

Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we found that the water extracts of Boseokchal (BSC-W) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and investigated its inhibitory mechanism. BSC-W was obtained by extracting flour of Boseokchal using hexane and water. To osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or BSC-W in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 4 days. Cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8. Gene expression of cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of cells was observed by western blot assay. Bone resorption activity of osteoclast evaluated by bone pit formation assay using an Osteo Assay Plate. BSC-W inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without exerting a cytotoxic effect on BMMs. BSC-W decreased the transcriptional and translational expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are regulators of osteoclastogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression level of TRAP, DC-STAMP, and cathepsin K, which are osteoclast differentiation marker. Furthermore, BSC-W reduced the resorption activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our results indicate that BSC-W is a useful candidate for health functional foods or therapeutic agents that can help treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Caribena versicolor Spider Molt Cuticle
Authors: Machałowski Tomasz , Wysokowski Marcin , Tsurkan Mikhail V. , Galli Roberta , Schimpf Christian , Rafaja David , Brendler Erica , Viehweger Christine , Żółtowska-Aksamitowska Sonia , Petrenko Iaroslav , Czaczyk Katarzyna , Kraft Michael , Bertau Martin , Bechmann Nicole , Guan Kaomei , Bornstein Stefan R. , Voronkina Alona , Fursov Andriy , Bejger Magdalena , Biniek-Antosiak Katarzyna , Rypniewski Wojciech , Figlerowicz Marek , Pokrovsky Oleg , Jesionowski Teofil , Ehrlich Hermann
Published: October 2019

Chitin, as a fundamental polysaccharide in invertebrate skeletons, continues to be actively investigated, especially with respect to new sources and the development of effective methods for its extraction. Recent attention has been focused on marine crustaceans and sponges; however, the potential of spiders (order Araneae) as an alternative source of tubular chitin has been overlooked. In this work, we focused our attention on chitin from up to 12 cm-large Theraphosidae spiders, popularly known as tarantulas or bird-eating spiders. These organisms “lose” large quantities of cuticles during their molting cycle. Here, we present for the first time a highly effective method for the isolation of chitin from Caribena versicolor spider molt cuticle, as well as its identification and characterization using modern analytical methods. We suggest that the tube-like molt cuticle of this spider can serve as a naturally prefabricated and renewable source of tubular chitin with high potential for application in technology and biomedicine.
Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Leaves of the Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars
Authors: Li GuoLiang , Lin Zhaomiao , Zhang Hong , Liu Zhonghua , Xu Yongqing , Xu Guochun , Li Huawei , Ji Rongchang , Luo Wenbin , Qiu Yongxiang , Qiu Sixin , Tang Hao
Published: October 2019

Sweet potato anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments with many physiological functions. Previous research on anthocyanin accumulation in sweet potato has focused on the roots, but the accumulation progress in the leaves is still unclear. Two purple sweet potato cultivars (Fushu No. 23 and Fushu No. 317) with large quantities of anthocyanin in the leaves were investigated. Anthocyanin composition and content were assessed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detection (UPLC-DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the expressions of genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The two cultivars contained nine cyanidin anthocyanins and nine peonidin anthocyanins with an acylation modification. The acylation modification of anthocyanins in sweet potato leaves primarily included caffeoyl, p-coumaryl, feruloyl, and p-hydroxy benzoyl. We identified three anthocyanin compounds in sweet potato leaves for the first time: cyanidin 3-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-p-coumarylsophoroside-5-glucoside. The anthocyanidin biosynthesis downstream structural genes DFR4, F3H1, anthocyanin synthase (ANS), and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT3), as well as the transcription factor MYB1, were found to be vital regulatory genes during the accumulation of anthocyanins in sweet potato leaves. The composition of anthocyanins (nine cyanidin-based anthocyanins and nine peonidin-based anthocyanins) in all sweet potato leaves were the same, but the quantity of anthocyanins in leaves of sweet potato varied by cultivar and differed from anthocyanin levels in the roots of sweet potatoes. The anthocyanidin biosynthesis structural genes and transcription factor together regulated and controlled the anthocyandin biosynthesis in sweet potato leaves.
Bi1−xEuxFeO3 Powders: Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Surdu Vasile-Adrian , Trușcă Roxana Doina , Vasile Bogdan Ștefan , Oprea Ovidiu Cristian , Tanasă Eugenia , Diamandescu Lucian , Andronescu Ecaterina , Ianculescu Adelina Carmen
Published: October 2019

Europium substituted bismuth ferrite powders were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The precursor xerogel was characterized by thermal analysis. Bi1−xEuxFeO3 (x = 0–0.20) powders obtained after thermal treatment of the xerogel at 600 °C for 30 min were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic behavior at room temperature was tested using vibrating sample magnetometry. The comparative results showed that europium has a beneficial effect on the stabilization of the perovskite structure and induced a weak ferromagnetism. The particle size decreases after the introduction of Eu3+ from 167 nm for x = 0 to 51 nm for x = 0.20. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed the enhancement of the characteristic emission peaks intensity with the increase of Eu3+ concentration.
Facile Synthesis of FeS@C Particles Toward High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Xuanni , Yang Zhuoyi , Guo Anru , Liu Dong
Published: October 2019

High energy density batteries with high performance are significantly important for intelligent electrical vehicular systems. Iron sulfurs are recognized as one of the most promising anodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and relatively stable electrochemical performance. However, their large-scale commercialized application for lithium-ion batteries are plagued by high-cost and complicated preparation methods. Here, we report a simple and cost-effective method for the scalable synthesis of nanoconfined FeS in porous carbon (defined as FeS@C) as anodes by direct pyrolysis of an iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate precursor. The carbon architecture embedded with FeS nanoparticles provides a rapid electron transport property, and its hierarchical porous structure effectively enhances the ion transport rate, thereby leading to a good electrochemical performance. The resultant FeS@C anodes exhibit high reversible capacity and long cycle life up to 500 cycles at high current density. This work provides a simple strategy for the mass production of FeS@C particles, which represents a critical step forward toward practical applications of iron sulfurs anodes.
Exciton–Exciton Interactions in Coaxial Double Quantum Rings
Authors: Shahnazaryan Vanik , Mughnetsyan Vram , Shelykh Ivan , Sarkisyan Hayk
Published: October 2019

We study theoretically the quantum states of two interacting excitons in coaxial double quantum rings. An interplay between exciton–exciton Coulomb interactions and specific geometry of the structure leads to the emergence of peculiar energy spectrum of two exciton system. We develop a semi-analytic approach providing highly accurate energies of system in the wide range of values of geometrical parameters relevant to experimental realizations.
Thermal Transport in a 2D Nanophononic Solid: Role of bi-Phasic Materials Properties on Acoustic Attenuation and Thermal Diffusivity
Authors: Luo Haoming , Gravouil Anthony , Giordano Valentina , Tanguy Anne
Published: October 2019

Nanophononic materials have recently arisen as a promising way for controlling heat transport, mirroring the results in macroscopic phononic materials for sound transmission, filtering and attenuation applications. Here we present a Finite Element numerical simulation of the transient propagation of an acoustic Wave-Packet in a 2D nanophononic material, which allows to identify the effect of the nanostructuration on the acoustic attenuation length and thus on the transport regime for the vibrational energy. Assuming elastic behavior in the matrix and in the inclusions, we find that the rigidity contrast between them not only tunes the apparent attenuation length of the wave packet along its main trajectory, but gives rise to different behaviours, from weak to strong scattering, and waves pinning. As a consequence, different energy transport regimes can be identified in the three-parameter space of the excitation frequency, inclusions size and rigidity contrast, leading to the identification of a combination of parameters allowing for the shortest attenuation distance. These results could have applications both in the field of acoustic insulation, and for the control of heat transfer.
Towards Blue Long-Lasting Luminescence of Eu/Nd-Doped Calcium-Aluminate Nanostructured Platelets via the Molten Salt Route
Authors: Rojas-Hernandez Rocío E. , Rubio-Marcos Fernando , Serrano Aida , Salas Eduardo , Hussainova Irina , Fernandez José Francisco
Published: October 2019

Calcia-alumina binary compounds doped with rare earths and some transition metals cations show persistent luminescence from the visible to the infrared range. Specifically, the blue light can be obtained through the Eu2+ activator center in a potential host, such as dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) and monocalcium aluminate (CaAl2O4). By doping with Nd3+, the persistent luminescence can be substantially prolonged; for this reason, the Eu/Nd pair is a potential choice for developing long-lasting blue luminescence. Herein, the phase evolution of the calcia-alumina system via molten salt synthesis is reported as a function of the synthesis temperature and the atmospheric environment. The fraction of CaAl2O4 phase increases when the temperature is higher. Synthesized microparticles of platelet-type morphology represent isolated nanostructured ceramic pieces. Under visible light, the particles are white. This indicates that the followed process solves the dark-gray coloring of phosphor when is synthesized in a reduced atmosphere at high temperature. As regards the synthesis mechanism, which is assisted by the molten flux, the dissolution−diffusion transport process is promoted at the surface of the alumina microparticles. In fact, the emission intensity can be modulated through the phase of the Eu-doped calcium-aluminate discrete platelets synthesized. Consequently, the photoluminescence intensity depends also on the oxidation state of the Eu ion. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and photoluminescence measurements corroborate the Eu reduction and the grain coarsening with the enhancement of the blue emission. The doped phosphors with Eu/Nd show a broad and strong absorption in the region of 320–400 nm and a broad emission band at around 440 nm when they are excited in this absorption range. From a broader perspective, our findings prove that the Ca12Al14O33 and CaAl2O4 phases open new opportunities for research into the design of blue long-lasting emitters for a wide range of fields from ceramic to optoelectronic materials.
Enhanced Protective Coatings Based on Nanoparticle fullerene C60 for Oil & Gas Pipeline Corrosion Mitigation
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Tang Fujian , Qi Xiaoning , Lin Zhibin , Battocchi Dante , Chen Xi
Published: October 2019

Corrosion accounts for huge maintenance cost in the pipeline community. Promotion of protective coatings used for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control, in terms of high corrosion resistance as well as high damage tolerance, are still in high demand. This study was to explore the inclusion of nanoparticle fullerene-C60 in protective coatings for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control and mitigation. Fullerene-C60/epoxy nanocomposite coatings were fabricated using a solvent-free dispersion method through high-speed disk (HSD) and ultrasonication. The morphology of fullerene-C60 particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The data analysis indicated that the nanoparticles were effectively dispersed in the matrix. The performance of the nanocomposites was investigated through their mechanical and electrochemical properties, including corrosion potential, tensile strength, strain at failure, adhesion to substrate, and durability performance. Dogbone shaped samples were fabricated to study the tensile properties of the nanocomposites, and improvement of strength, ultimate strain, and Young’s modulus were observed in the C60/epoxy specimens. The results demonstrated that the C60/epoxy composite coatings also had improvements in adhesion strength, suggesting that they could provide high damage tolerance of coatings for engineering applications. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results generated from the accelerated durability test revealed that the developed fullerene-C60 loaded composite coatings exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance. The nanocomposite with 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% of C60 particles behaved as an intact layer for corrosion protection, even after 200-h salt spray exposure, as compared to the control coating without nanofiller in which severe damage by over 50% reduction was observed.
Effects of Long-Versus Short-Term Exposure to the Mediterranean Diet on Skin Microvascular Function and Quality of Life of Healthy Adults in Greece and the UK
Authors: Klonizakis Markos , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Theodoridis Xenophon , Milner Marianne , Liu Yingshan , Chourdakis Michael
Published: October 2019

The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and improving CVD-related physiological indices have been well-documented. However, the exact MD adherence duration needed for these effects to occur is under-researched. The aim of the present, two-arm, two-site study clinical trial was to assess the effects of long- vs. short-term MD adherence on the skin microvascular circulation, and quality of life. Two groups were recruited, one being long-term MD adherers (>5 years; from Greece; control group), and one of the non-adherers (from the UK), with the latter participating in a four-week MD intervention (intervention group). Our main outcome was skin microvascular function assessed by cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC). Secondary outcomes included quality of life, dietary intake, blood pressure and lipidemic profile. At the end of the intervention, both groups had high MD adherence. For the intervention group, significantly improved post-intervention CVC values were noted concerning the initial peak phase (2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 0.8; p < 0.05). CVC values of the control group, were however higher at the plateau phase in comparison to the intervention group (intervention end; 3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.2; p < 0.05). As per QoL, the physical domain was improved post-intervention (13.7 ± 1.2 vs. 15.9 ± 1.2; p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the lipidemic profile between groups, or between the baseline and final intervention phases. The findings indicate that although short-term MD adherence is effective in improving certain microvascular physiological properties and QoL domains, there is room for additional improvement, observed in long-term adherers. Our findings are important in the design of future, MD-based, lifestyle interventions, with the advisable durations differing between target groups.
Urine Metabolites and Antioxidant Effect after Oral Intake of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds-Based Products (Powder, Bread and Extract) by Human
Authors: Platat Carine , Hilary Serene , Tomas-Barberan Francisco , Martinez-Blazquez J. , Al-Meqbali Fatima , Souka Usama , Al-Hammadi Suleiman , Ibrahim Wissam
Published: October 2019

A cross-over study was conducted in 16 healthy adult volunteers to describe the urinary excretion of polyphenols from date seeds and investigate the antioxidant effect after consumption of different doses of date seeds powder (DSP), bread (DSB) and extract (DSE). After 12 h of fasting, one of the six treatments (0.25 g and 0.5 g/kg bodyweight DSP, 360 g of 10% and 15% DSB, 30 mg and 60 mg/kg bodyweight DSE) was provided along with breakfast, with a two weeks wash-out period between 2 consecutive treatments. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 2, 8 and 24 h post intake. Urine was collected at baseline, 3, 8, and 24 h post intake. An abundant release of polyphenols was detected in urine within the 0–3 h post intake, reached a peak at 8 h, then decreased with polyphenols still being detected up to 24 h post intake. The antioxidant defence system, as measured by reduced glutathione (GSH), was strengthened as soon as 1 h and up to 8 h post intake. Markers of protein and lipid oxidative damages were reduced from 1 h and up to 8 and 24 h post intake, respectively. This supports an antioxidant effect of date seeds products in humans, most probably due to their polyphenols.
Enzyme Treatment Alters the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Water Extract of Wheat Germ In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Song Youngju , Jeong Hee-Young , Lee Jae-Kang , Choi Yong-Seok , Kim Dae-Ok , Jang Davin , Park Cheon-Seok , Maeng Sungho , Kang Hee
Published: October 2019

Wheat germ is rich in quinones that exist as glycosides. In this study, we used Celluclast 1.5L to release the hydroxyquinones, which turn into benzoquinone, and prepared the water extract from enzyme-treated wheat germ (EWG). We investigated whether enzyme treatment altered the anti-inflammatory activity compared to the water extract of untreated wheat germ (UWG). UWG inhibited the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-12 and induced the production of IL-10 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Enzyme treatment resulted in greater inhibition of iNOS and IL-10 and induction of HO-1 compared to UWG, possibly involving the modulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). Mice fed UWG or EWG had decreased serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and increased serum IL-10 levels after intraperitoneal injection of LPS, with UWG being more effective for IL-10 and EWG more effective for TNF-α. Hepatic HO-1 gene was only expressed in mice fed EWG. We provide evidence that enzyme treatment is a useful biotechnology tool for extracting active compounds from wheat germ.
A Collagen Supplement Improves Skin Hydration, Elasticity, Roughness, and Density: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study
Authors: Bolke Liane , Schlippe Gerrit , Gerß Joachim , Voss Werner
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, blind study was to investigate the effects of the drinkable nutraceutical ELASTEN® (QUIRIS Healthcare, Gütersloh, Germany) on skin aging and skin health. Drinking ampoules provides a blend of 2.5 g of collagen peptides, acerola fruit extract, vitamin C, zinc, biotin, and a native vitamin E complex. This controlled interventional trial was performed on 72 healthy women aged 35 years or older. They received either the food supplement (n = 36) or a placebo (n = 36) for twelve weeks. A skin assessment was carried out and based on objective validated methods, including corneometry (skin hydration), cutometry (elasticity), the use of silicon skin replicas with optical 3D phase-shift rapid in-vivo measurements (PRIMOS) (roughness), and skin sonography (density). The verum group was followed for an additional four weeks (without intake of the test product) to evaluate the sustainability of the changes induced by the intake of the test product. The test product significantly improved skin hydration, elasticity, roughness, and density. The differences between the verum group and the placebo group were statistically significant for all test parameters. These positive effects were substantially retained during the follow-up. The measured effects were fully consistent with the subjective assessments of the study participants. The nutraceutical was well tolerated.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Combination of Pure Fish Oil with Third Generation Lipid Emulsion on Liver Function in Children on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Danko Mikołaj , Żyła-Pawlak Aleksandra , Książyk Janusz , Olszewska-Durkacz Katarzyna , Sibilska Marta , Żydak Joanna , Popińska Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Background: Deterioration of liver function, or intestinal failure-associated liver disease, is often observed in long-term parenterally fed children. Fish oil-based intravenous lipids have been reported to play a role in the prevention and treatment of intestinal failure associated liver disease. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 40 pediatric patients, (20 male and 20 female), median age 38 months (range 1.5–200 months) on long-term (≥1 month) parenteral nutrition who received the parenteral mixtures containing a combination of a third-generation lipid emulsion and pure fish oil because of laboratory liver function abnormalities. The total dose of fish oil from both emulsions for each patient exceeded 0.5 g/kg/day. Data from visits in an outpatient clinic were retrospectively analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation test. Results: The median time of therapy was 149 days (range 28–418 days). There was a decrease of median total and direct (conjugated) bilirubin concentration from 22.23 µmol/L (range 3.42–243 µmol/L) to 10.26 µmol/L (range 3.42–180.58 µmol/L; p < 0.005) and 8.55 (range 1.71–212.04 µmol/L) to 6.84 µmol/L (range 1.71–150.48 µmol/L; p < 0.007) respectively. A significant decrease in median alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase was also observed. In 11 patients bilirubin concentrations increased or remained unchanged. When compared to the patients who responded to the combination therapy, the patients who did not respond received parenteral nutrition for a longer time prior to the start of the therapy (51 vs. 30 months; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The mixture of an intravenous lipid emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil with the addition of pure fish oil emulsion may be helpful in the treatment of liver complications in children on long-term parenteral nutrition.