bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glabridin Hypnosis in Zebrafish Larvae Is Associated With Effects on Multiple Anesthetic Target Receptors
Authors: Avancha Aneesh , Hoyt Helen , Bhave Kieran , Medeiros Madyson , Cho Daniel , Brown Lauren E. , Fernández González Davinia , Porco John A. , Forman Stuart A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

R-Glabridin is a major flavonoid of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root and known to modulate GABAA receptors, which are targets of many clinical hypnotics. However, R-glabridin hypnotic activity has not been reported in animals.

METHODS:

Inverted photomotor responses (IPMRs) were used to assess the hypnotic effects of natural R-glabridin and synthetic R/S-glabridin in wild-type zebrafish larvae and transgenic larvae lacking functional GABAA receptor β3 subunits (β30/0). Two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing ion channels quantified the effects of R-glabridin on wild-type and mutated human α1β3γ2L GABAA receptors, NR1B/NR2A N-methyl-D-aspatate (NMDA) receptors, and α4β2 neuronal nicotinic (nnACh) receptors.

RESULTS:

IPMRs in wild-type zebrafish larvae identified R/S-glabridin as an inhibitor (IC50 = 7.5 µM; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9–9.3 µM) that was about half as potent as R-glabridin (IC50 = 4.4. µM; 95% CI, 3.6–5.4 µM). In β30/0 zebrafish larvae, R-glabridin inhibited IPMRs with IC50 = 7.5 µM (95% CI, 5.6–10.0 µM). Electrophysiologic studies revealed that R-glabridin directly activated and positively modulated α1β3γ2L GABAA receptors. Modulation was significantly reduced by α1L232W and β3N265M mutations in the β+/α- transmembrane intersubunit sites where etomidate binds, but not by 5 other point mutations in 4 other transmembrane modulator binding sites. NMDA and nnACh receptors were inhibited by R-glabridin.

DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings in zebrafish larvae indicate that IPMR inhibition by R-glabridin is more potent than S-glabridin and that β3-containing GABAA receptors contribute significantly to this behavioral effect. Molecular studies show that R-glabridin modulates at least 3 known anesthetic-sensitive ion channels, suggesting that it is a multimodal hypnotic.
Amitav Ghosh's Historical Genre Fictions
Authors: Darling Noelle
Published: November 2024

This article situates Amitav Ghosh—as both critic and novelist—in relation to the contemporary genre turn, as a means of questioning the logical distinctions undergirding ideas of literariness. Readers of Ghosh tend to cast the overtly science-fictional The Calcutta Chromosome: A Novel of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery as a generic anomaly in his otherwise historical realist oeuvre. Against such automatic delineations, this article argues that Ghosh's 1995 work is not such an outlier when we break down the multiple genres at play within novels across his career, and how their interactions produce effects that have been mistakenly attributed to one or other isolated genre. In The Calcutta Chromosome and the Ibis trilogy (case studies that seem generically distant), critical representations of globalization are developed through recourse to speculative genre frames for archival contents, with the effect of estranging historical continuity, collectivity, and narrative conventions. Attending to ambivalent deployments of genre allows for more precise identification of how contemporary novels formally construct and confuse their own world-building effects, and how critics categorize texts and attribute political-critical impact to them.
The Buenos Aires Reader
Authors: Armus Diego , Andrade Lisa Ubelaker
Published: November 2024

The Buenos Aires Reader offers an insider's look at the diverse lived experiences of the people, politics, and culture of Argentina's capital city primarily from the nineteenth century to the present. Refuting the tired cliché that Buenos Aires is the “Paris of South America,” this book gives a nuanced view of a city that has long been attentive to international trends yet never ceases to celebrate its local culture. The vibrant opinions, reflections, and voices of Buenos Aires come to life through selections that range from songs, poems, letters, and essays to interviews, cartoons, paintings, and historical documents, many of which have been translated into English for the first time. These selections tell the story of the city's culture of protest and celebration, its passion for soccer and sport, its gastronomy and food traditions, its legendary nightlife, and its musical, literary, and artistic cultures. Providing an unparalleled look at Buenos Aires's history, culture, and politics, this volume is an ideal companion for anyone interested in this dynamic, disruptive, and inventive city.
Mitochondrial mRNA and the small subunit rRNA in budding yeasts undergo 3′-end processing at conserved species-specific elements
Authors: Anikin Michael , Henry Michael F. , Hodorova Viktoria , Houbaviy Hristo B. , Nosek Jozef , Pestov Dimitri G. , Markov Dmitriy A.
Published: November 2024

Respiration in eukaryotes depends on mitochondrial protein synthesis, which is performed by organelle-specific ribosomes translating organelle-encoded mRNAs. Although RNA maturation and stability are central events controlling mitochondrial gene expression, many of the molecular details in this pathway remain elusive. These includecis-andtrans-regulatory factors that generate and protect the 3′ ends. Here, we mapped the 3′ ends of mitochondrial mRNAs of yeasts classified into multiple families of the subphylum Saccharomycotina. We found that the processing of mitochondrial 15S rRNA and mRNAs involves species-specific sequence elements, which we term 3′-end RNA processing elements (3′-RPEs). InSaccharomyces cerevisiae,the 3′-RPE has long been recognized as a conserved dodecamer sequence, which recent studies have shown specifically interacts with the nuclear genome-encoded pentatricopeptide repeat protein Rmd9. We also demonstrate that, analogous to Rmd9 inS. cerevisiae, two Rmd9 orthologs from theDebaryomycetaceaefamily interact with their respective 3′-RPEs found in mRNAs and 15S rRNA. Thus, Rmd9-dependent processing of mitochondrial RNA precursors may be a common mechanism among the families of the Saccharomycotina subphylum. Surprisingly, we observed that 3′-RPEs often occur upstream of stop codons in complex I subunit mRNAs from yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade. We examined two of these mature mRNAs and found that their stop codons are indeed removed. Thus, translation of these stop-codon-less transcripts would require a noncanonical termination mechanism. Our findings highlight Rmd9 as a key evolutionarily conserved factor in both mitochondrial mRNA metabolism and mitoribosome biogenesis in a variety of yeasts.
Delirium management and current practice among Intensive Care Units Doctors, Khartoum
Authors: Seidna Hamid Sheema Hamid , Abd El-Raheem Ghada Omer Hamad , Salih Elamin Hana  Eltayeb , Ahmed  Abdallah Mudawi Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Delirium is a brain dysfunction characterized by attention and cognitive disturbances in a fluctuating manner. The international guidelines recommend daily screening for delirium. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) are the most commonly used methods for assessing delirium. This study aimed to identify barriers and gaps in knowledge and practice. This was a hospital-based Cross-Sectional study. Stratified random sampling was used in this study. 72 ICU doctors were randomly selected. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23. Descriptive data were presented, and the chi-squared test was used to determine the associations among variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. More than 70% of the doctors were ≤ 30 years of age and female. A total of 69.4% of the participants had < 1year of experience. In total, 94.4% of the participants worked in medical ICUs. Less than 20% of the doctors used delirium assessment tools, with a statistically significant difference based on experience (p=0.012). Delirium was not regularly assessed in 13.9% of the patients. Non-pharmacological management was applied by 76.4% of doctors, and communication with patients was the most frequent (75%). Haloperidol was the most commonly used drug (83.3%). A total of 40.3% of doctors did not stop delirium medication on ICU discharge. A regular delirium assessment was performed. However, the use of validated assessment tools is uncommon. Nonpharmacological management of delirium is important and is mostly performed. Our doctors prescribed antipsychotics for the treatment of both forms of delirium, and almost half of them did not stop the medications on ICU discharge. Medication reconciliation and contact with the next in-charge of the patients are important.
Comparison of the severity of urinary tract infections between Metformin and SGL2 Inhibitors among Iraqi Type 2 Diabetics.
Authors: Hussien Diana Noori , Ali Samara Mowafaq
Published: November 2024

Background Many antidiabetic medications with distinct modes of action are available, The sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are among the most recent oral antihyperglycemic medications. The American Diabetes Association recommends metformin, a biguanide medication, as the first option for oral control of type 2 diabetes because it has demonstrated promise in this regard. Aim of the study To evaluate and compare the effects of metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors on general urine parameters in T2DM patients from Iraq. Method a prospective cohort study where 101 adult patients of both sexes aged under 70 years and newly diagnosed with T2DM, patients were divided into two groups, Metformin group (n=52), where metformin was prescribed as monotherapy by the clinician and SGLT-2 inhibitors group (n=49) where either dapagliflozin or empagliflozin were prescribed by the clinician, general urine examination was done for each patient in the first contact and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results The mean age was 57±9 years for the metformin group and 54±9 years for the SGLT-2 inhibitors group. There was no significant difference in leukocytes, erythrocytes, or epithelial cell counts between the metformin group and the SGLT2 inhibitor group before and after 12 weeks of treatment. There was a significant difference (p-value =0.043) in leukocytes and a non-significant difference in erythrocytes and epithelial cell counts before and after treatment in the SGLT-2 inhibitors group. Conclusions Diabetic patients on SGLT-2 inhibitors treatment demonstrated higher leukocyte count than metformin group patients, an indicator and predictor for higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections.
Practical tips for starting a successful national postgraduate course
Authors: Sundbom Magnus
Published: November 2024

Background Few start national courses, and those that do usually do it once. The aim of this paper is to outline an approach to conduct a successful national postgraduate course. Methods The practical tips were derived from personal experience. Results The 12 tips identified are: define learning needs and curriculum, create a functioning structure, recruit a committed faculty, obtain legitimacy, promote your course, try out the concept, establish administrative support, use modern techniques and accessories, create course-related social activities, keep all on board, collect ongoing evaluation, and stay in control. Conclusion It is hoped that these tips will make it easier for others to take the decisive first step in the exciting task of starting a national course; that is: ‘to know the road ahead - ask those coming back’.
Medical students’ knowledge on palliative care – a survey of teaching in Finland
Authors: Niemi-Murola Leila , Vanhanen Aija , Akrén Outi , Karihtala Peeter , Pöyhiä Reino
Published: November 2024

Background Most studies on palliative medicine (PM) undergraduate education have focused on contents and organizational issues but not the outcome. Students’ learning outcomes should be studied to improve teaching in medical schools. Methods A questionnaire about perceived PM education and attitudes on palliative care (PC) was sent to 543 last year students in all five Finnish medical schools in 2018–2019. In total, 175 (32 %) responses were received from four universities. The students evaluated both the quantity and quality of their PM teaching, implementation of European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) guidelines and their satisfaction to the training. There were two palliative case scenarios, and the students were asked to find the best treatment option. In addition, students´ attitudes towards end-of-life (EOL) care issues were examined. Results In the Finnish universities, PM education was available mainly integrated with oncology, geriatrics, and general medicine. A total of two universities also offered a specific PM course. In average, 50–70% of the EAPC curriculum was covered by lectures, small-group teaching, seminars, and bedside teaching with significant differences between faculties. Only 30–60 % of students were satisfied with the education received. The highest rankings were given in the universities with a special PM course. Students from these universities expressed less anxiety in facing EOL issues. Conclusions In Finland, the coverage of EAPC curriculum is satisfactory, but the PM education is mainly given integrated with other specialties. The dedicated course on PM was associated with increased perceived knowledge and satisfaction of PM education. However, PM training was not associated with students’ attitudes on PC.
Accounting and financial accounting in agriculture
Authors: Shirobokov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

The textbook has been prepared in accordance with the program of the discipline "Accounting financial accounting". It reflects the current state of accounting and financial accounting in agriculture. The general issues of the organization of accounting in agricultural organizations are considered. The methodology and methodology of financial accounting of specific objects (fixed assets, intangible assets, stocks, cash, settlement transactions, income and expenses, capital, etc.) are covered in detail. The presentation is based on a description of possible accounting options for assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Each chapter reveals the procedure for documenting the facts of economic life and the system of records on accounting accounts; tables, diagrams and examples characterizing the features of industry accounting are provided. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of 38.03.01 "Economics", teachers of economic specialties, researchers and practitioners, students of educational and methodological centers and advanced training courses for accountants, auditors, financial managers.
Improving patient-centred indications for endovascular arteriovenous fistula: results of a multidisciplinary panel discussion
Authors: Jaffer Ounali , Inston Nicholas , Gallieni Maurizio , Jones Robert , Sengoelge Guerkan , West Phil
Published: November 2024

An international multidisciplinary panel held a roundtable discussion on endovascular arteriovenous fistula (endoAVF) for vascular access (VA) for dialysis. The panel made literature- and experiencebased recommendations on best practice and opportunities for targeted use, covering the benefits of endoAVF; patient selection; institutional and pathway issues; patient education; and peer support.
From lab alerts to holistic care: Shaping acute kidney injury treatment in 2024 and beyond
Authors: Morlidge Clare , Murray Jonathan S
Published: November 2024

This article reflects on key insights from the 2023 National Acute Kidney Injury Summit hosted by the UK Kidney Association, and highlights the role of the UK Renal Registry in monitoring Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) data and explores the broader implications of AKI on the healthcare system
Addressing toxic leadership
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: November 2024

Peter Ellis discusses what options are available to staff members experiencing toxic leadership and why toxic leadership needs to be addressed
CPD: Eye care practice primers 1
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: November 2024

Bill Harvey offers an overview of the assessment of the pupils and the implications of any findings as part of a routine eye examination (C102854, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Satisfaction high among patients
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: November 2024

Andrew McClean explores the GOC’s findings on views about the profession
Sustainable Practice Award winner to scoop artist-inspired trophy
Authors: Bennett Chris
Published: November 2024

A one-off trophy has been commissioned for the winner of the Sustainable Practice category at this year’s Optician Awards, Chris Bennett caught up with the artist to find out more
Vision for the future of optometry outlined
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: November 2024

Andrew McClean reports on the College of Optometrists’ plans to evolve eye health services
Scleral lens solution
Authors: Taylor-West Sophie
Published: November 2024

Sophie Taylor-West describes a case of rigid corneal lens intolerance solved by refitting with a scleral contact lens
Phase two of teaching best practices
Authors: Patchett Lucy
Published: November 2024

Spoke continues teaching guidance to support qualification providers following the roll-out of the GOC's new education and training requirements, reports Lucy Patchett
CPD: Blur sensitivity 1
Authors: Mallen Edward
Published: November 2024

In the first of two articles discussing blur sensitivity, Professor Edward Mallen explains what it is and how it differs from blur discrimination and blur adaptation. (C103286, suitable for logging as one provider-led distance learning CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Low vision interactive 1
Authors: Harvey Bill
Published: November 2024

Bill Harvey offers an overview of your discussions to the first interactive CPD exercise focusing on aspects of low vision practice (C102201, suitable for one interactive CPD point for optometrists and dispensing opticians)
Quietly does it
Authors: Jones Simon
Published: November 2024

While most companies battened down the hatches to see out the pandemic, Bondeye Optical upped and moved to larger premises and celebrated its 20th birthday. Simon Jones reports
Investing to get ahead
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: November 2024

Mike Hale assesses the financial options for optical practices looking to invest in big ticket items
Assisting with vision
Authors: Tooth Cirta
Published: November 2024

One area of eye care, cited by trainee and qualified ECPs alike, where further training would be useful is that of low vision practice. But what do they want to learn about low vision and how can this be supported? Cirta Tooth takes a closer look
Adapting to lifestyle changes
Authors: Hale Mike
Published: November 2024

Mike Hale speaks to Dr Kamlesh Chauhan, director of professional affairs UK & Ireland, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, about the recently launched Acuvue Oasys Max 1-Day and Acuvue Oasys Max 1-Day Multifocal contact lenses
Flat pack formation
Authors: Retallic Neil
Published: November 2024

Neil Retallic discusses the small eco-friendly packaging yet big performance of Miru 1day Menicon Flat Pack daily disposable contact lenses
Zoonotic helminth infections in rodents and shrews from southern Philippines: Unforeseen One Health hazards
Authors:   Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan 9407, Philippines, Matullano Mary Joyce H. , Tenorio Jan Clyden B. ,   Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan 9407, Cotabato, Philippines, Casim Lothy F. ,   Molecular Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan 9407, Philippines
Published: November 2024

Rodents are known as reservoirs of different zoonotic parasites. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of zoonotic helminths in rodents from different habitats in selected municipalities in Cotabato Province. A total of 120 rodents and shrews were collected using live traps from two habitats (i.e., agricultural and residential areas) in the municipalities of Kabacan and Matalam. Of these, 98 out of 120 (81.67%) were infected with zoonotic helminths using Formalin Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique (FEACT). Nine parasitic helminths were identified: six species were nematodes (Ascaris spp., Gonglyonema spp., Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides spp., Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and Capillaria spp.); two species were trematodes (Echinostoma spp. and Schistosoma japonicum); and one cestode species (Hymenolepis spp). This is the first report of rodent gongyglonemiasis and schistosomiasis in the southern Philippines. Rats and shrews from agricultural areas had higher diversity of infecting helminths but infection rates were significantly higher in those captured from residential areas. This study confirmed that rats and shrews from the two municipalities are infected with varying zoonotic helminths which pose a significant but overlooked One Health threat to people, other animals, and their shared environment.
Algebraic weaves and braid varieties
Authors: Casals Roger , Gorsky Eugene , Gorsky Mikhail , Simental José
Published: November 2024

abstract: In this manuscript we study braid varieties, a class of affine algebraic varieties associated to positive braids. Several geometric constructions are presented, including certain torus actions on braid varieties and holomorphic symplectic structures on their respective quotients. We also develop a diagrammatic calculus for correspondences between braid varieties and use these correspondences to obtain interesting decompositions of braid varieties and their quotients. It is shown that the maximal charts of these decompositions are exponential Darboux charts for the holomorphic symplectic structures, and we relate these charts to exact Lagrangian fillings of Legendrian links.
Differential transcendence of Bell numbers and relatives: A Galois theoretic approach
Authors: Bostan Alin , Di Vizio Lucia , Raschel Kilian
Published: November 2024

abstract: In 2003 Klazar proved that the ordinary generating function of the sequence of Bell numbers is differentially transcendental over the field $\C(\{t\})$ of meromorphic functions at $0$. We show that Klazar's result is an instance of a general phenomenon that can be proven in a compact way using difference Galois theory. We present the main principles of this theory in order to prove a general result about differential transcendence over $\C(\{t\})$, that we apply to many other (infinite classes of) examples of generating functions, including as very special cases the ones considered by~Klazar. Most of our examples belong to Sheffer's class, well studied notably in umbral calculus. They all bring concrete evidence in support to the Pak--Yeliussizov conjecture, according to which a sequence whose both ordinary and exponential generating functions satisfy nonlinear differential equations with polynomial coefficients necessarily satisfies a \emph{linear} recurrence with polynomial coefficients.
On the μ -invariants of residually reducible Galois representations
Authors: Ray Anwesh , Sujatha R.
Published: November 2024

abstract: The Iwasawa $\mu$-invariant of the Selmer group of a residually reducible Galois representation arising from a Hecke eigencuspform is studied. Furthermore, certain Iwasawa-invariants refining the $\mu$-invariant are defined and analyzed. As an application, we show that given a reducible mod-$p$ Galois representation $\bar{\rho}$ and any choice of integer $N\geq 1$, there is a modular Galois representation lifting $\bar{\rho}$ whose associated Selmer group has $\mu$-invariant $\geq N$. This is a refinement of Serre's conjecture in the residually reducible case.
Singular limits of Kähler-Ricci flow on Fano G -manifolds
Authors: Li Yan , Tian Gang , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: November 2024

abstract: Let $M$ be a Fano compactification of a semisimple complex Lie group $G$ and $\omega_0$ a $K\times K$-invariant metric in $2\pi c_1(M)$, where $K$ is a maximal compact subgroup of $G$. Then we prove that the solution of K\"ahler-Ricci flow with $\omega_0$ as an initial metric on $M$, is of type II, if $M$ admits no K\"ahler-Einstein metrics. As an application, we found two Fano compactifications of $\mathrm{SO}_4(\mathbb{C})$ and one Fano compactification of $\mathrm{Sp}_4(\mathbb{C})$, on which the K\"ahler-Ricci flow will develop singularities of type II. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first examples of Ricci flow with singularities of type II on Fano manifolds in the literature.
Motivic congruences and Sharifi's conjecture
Authors: Rivero Óscar , Rotger Victor
Published: November 2024

abstract: Let $f$ be a cuspidal eigenform of weight two and level $N$, let $p\nmid N$ be a prime at which $f$ is congruent to an Eisenstein series and let $V_f$ denote the $p$-adic Tate module of $f$. Beilinson constructed a class $\kappa_f\in H^1(\Q,V_f(1))$ arising from the cup product of two Siegel units and proved a striking relationship with the first derivative $L'(f,0)$ at the near central point $s=0$ of the $L$-series of $f$, which led him to formulate his celebrated conjecture. In this note we prove two congruence formulae relating the ``motivic part'' of $L'(f,0)$ $(\ns\bmod p)$ and $L''(f,0)$ $(\ns\bmod p)$ with circular units. The proofs make use of delicate Galois properties satisfied by various integral lattices within $V_f$ and exploits Perrin-Riou's, Coleman's and Kato's work on the Euler systems of circular units and Beilinson--Kato elements and, most crucially, the work of Sharifi, Fukaya--Kato, and Ohta.
Tropicalismo: patología y remedio en Luis Palés Matos y José de Diego Padró
Authors: Medina Giselle Román
Published: November 2024

Resumen: Las copiosas figuraciones del paisaje tropical puertorriqueño cuentan con una genealogía letrada que entreteje una contradictoria naturaleza. En diálogo con este paisaje, Luis Palés Matos y José de Diego Padró conceptualizan un estilo verbal y performativo en un intercambio de artículos publicados en el periódico El mundo en 1932. Ambos sostienen posiciones disímiles sobre el rol de dicho estilo, “el tropicalismo”, en la formación de una expresión nacional. Anclados en el arielismo antiimperialista, los miembros de la llamada generación del treinta, entre los que se encuentran De Diego Padró y Palés Matos, identificaban al colonialismo estadounidense con la metáfora de la enfermedad. Partiendo de esta discusión, analizo cómo el tropicalismo, también considerado un posible agente patológico, remediaría al síntoma, es decir, la falta de una expresión nacional sólida, cuya conformación se consideraba interrumpida tras la invasión estadouni-dense. Propongo dilucidar la trayectoria que lleva a que el agente patológico identificado por los letrados del treinta no solo sea el colonialismo estadounidense, sino también una endemia identificada en la naturaleza tropical que, irónicamente, proveería también la solución.
Platonic Love, Erased Desires: Representations of Masculinity in Sor Isabel de Villena’s Vita Christi
Authors: Gamón Fielding Electra
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Sor Isabel de Villena wrote her major work, Vita Christi , in 1497. The intended readership of her book were the nuns of her convent, and as such, the themes of Vita Christi revolve around the role of women within religious dogma/Christianity. Although there have been numerous studies focused on the role of women in Sor Isabel de Villena’s Vita Christi and on its proto-feminist themes, there have been few studies dedicated to representations of masculinity and how these representations play a role in Villena’s efforts to claim an equal place for women within Christianity. This article will analyze the figure of Joseph based not only on the popular and dogmatic beliefs surrounding his role as Mary’s husband, but also on the conventions dictated by courtly and platonic love that can be appreciated in Villena’s rendition of Mary’s life and her relationship with Joseph. The representation of Joseph in Villena’s Vita Christi is contextualized within the backdrop of 15th century Valencian religious art, focusing especially on the visual representations of Joseph as companion to Mary in works such as Retaule dels Set Gojos de la Verge and Retaule de la Mare de Déu de la Llet .
Cultivating a Space for Intergenerational Directed Research Groups for Indigenous Students and Allies through Indigenous Knowledge Families
Authors: Lefthand-Begay Clarita , Kuhn Nicole S. , Purty Turam , Campbell Tessa R. , Sarkar Shawon , Brisbois Jesse , Ruhm Robin , Choden Kunsang , Rodriguez Ana , Ghost Dog Celena J. , Dennison Jean M. , Chatto Shayla , Guo Rona
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Colonialism has had direct impacts on the transmission of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) knowledge systems. Spaces of higher education continue to create challenges for Indigenous students, especially through the disconnection between Native knowledges and the dominant knowledge being taught. These challenges are reflected in the educational attainment disparities between AIAN and non-Indigenous students in the United States and Canada. To address these issues, we emphasize the significance of promoting ethical approaches to Indigenous research and embracing Indigenous ways of knowing. We examine how combining a directed research group (DRG) with a Knowledge Family approach can shift Indigenous experiences with higher education knowledge production. We describe the structure and goals of the DRG Knowledge Families program, which provides support and resources for Indigenous students while fostering meaningful relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers. The DRG Knowledge Families approach integrates research opportunities for Indigenous students, focusing on Indigenous knowledge systems and research methodologies. Ultimately this approach aims to create research spaces that value Native knowledge, center community needs, and support the success of Indigenous students.
Experimental investigation of a seamlessly converged fiber-wireless access network employing free-running laser- and envelope detection-based mmWave generation and detection
Authors: Vallejo Luis , Gonem Omaro Fawzi Abdelhamid , Jin Wei , Faruk Md Saifuddin , Giddings Roger Philip , Yi Xingwen , Tang Jianming
Published: November 2024

Employing free-running laser/envelope detection-based millimeter wave (mmWave) signal generation/detection at remote radio heads (RRHs)/user equipment (UE) offers a cost-effective solution for seamlessly integrating existing intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD)-dominated optical access networks and wireless networks. Such fiber-wireless convergence enables a continuous flow of signals with varying characteristics between the baseband unit (BBU) and UE across fiber and wireless network segments without the need for optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) conversions and digital signal processing (DSP) at intermediate nodes. In this paper, we extensively investigate the performance of such a fiber-wireless converged access network employing free-running laser/envelope detection-based mmWave generation/detection in an IM-DD-based 1.67 Gbit/s transmission system with 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and 5 m @38 GHz mmWave wireless links. Experimental results demonstrate that both mmWave frequency tunability and adaptive mmWave network coverage are achievable by just dynamically and adaptively configuring the output wavelength and power of the RRH-embedded free-running laser. Additionally, envelope detection allows RRHs to use low-cost MHz-linewidth-level free-running lasers while maintaining excellent performance stability.
Envelope solitons of a discrete NLSE via the multi-scale quasi-discrete approximation method
Authors: Wang S. F.
Published: November 2024

The goal of this work is to obtain some envelope solitary solutions of a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in a local optical lattice potential well through symbolic computation. By multiple scales combined with a quasi-discrete approximation method, an envelope soliton solution is constructed for the proposed equations. Moreover, the dynamics of the resulting envelope solitonary solutions are discussed. It was found that stability appeared in the system. In addition to the fixed symmetric envelope solitons, a new nonlinear element excitation, periodic kink bright and dark envelope solitons, are also observed. The degree can be controlled by the lattice constant and the depth of the optical lattice well. Consequently, it may provide a theoretical basis for the fabrication of the controllable matter-wave soliton controller and splitter.
Efficient and sensitive detection of absorptive defects in fused silica optics based on laser thermal pumping combined with micro-interferometric imaging
Authors: Yao Lin , Gu Han , Wang Chengcheng , Li Changpeng , Liu Taixiang , Yang Ke , Yan Hongwei , Huang Lin , Jiang Xiaodong , Zhu Qihua , Huang Jin
Published: November 2024

A novel, efficient, and sensitive method for detecting absorptive defects in fused silica optics, called laser thermal pumping combined with micro-interferometric imaging (LTP-MII), is proposed. First, the thermal deformation simulation of fused silica optics under a 355-nm LTP was calculated using a multiphysics field approach. Even with ppm-level absorption on the surface, a 600-W/mm2 LTP power density could induce a 2.1-nm deformation within the detection range of the MII. Subsequently, an LTP-MII system was constructed, comprising a 355-nm LTP spot with a 0.45-mm diameter and a white-light MII. Results from different fused silica samples showed that, at the same LTP power density of 19.5 W/mm2, the induced thermal deformation followed this order: 5% absorption thin film (75.3 nm) > a full brittle fracture pit defect (27.8 nm) > a scratch defect (5.2 nm). However, no thermal deformation was observed for the super-smooth polishing low-absorption substrate under these conditions, though it exhibited a deformation of 13.31 nm when the LTP power density reached 110.7 W/mm2. In addition, thermal deformation was positively correlated with the LTP power densities. These results demonstrate that LTP-MII is an efficient and sensitive method for reflecting the photo-thermal absorption characteristics of surface defects in fused silica optics.
Multi-wavelength digital holography based on Kramers–Kronig relations
Authors: Bu Zhengyang , Han Xianxin , Wang Yuheng , Liu Shengde , Zhong Liyun , Lu Xiaoxu
Published: November 2024

We propose a multi-wavelength digital holography based on Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations, introducing a unified angle-multiplexing multi-wavelength KK model to overcome the accuracy and resolution limitations of angle-multiplexing techniques. By linking the real and imaginary parts of the multi-wavelength complex function via the KK relation, the method captures object light waves with the full effective bandwidth from a single interferogram and reference wave intensity. This method greatly improves spectral utilization and measurement accuracy in multi-wavelength interference. We use a three-wavelength multiplexing system to measure the topography of multi-step samples. The results show that our method expands the spectral range more than twice, reduces errors by 39.3%, and improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index nearly three times compared to the traditional Fourier transform (FT) method. It offers a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for high-precision multi-wavelength dynamic measurement and has the potential to overcome the limitations of multiplexing technology.
Nonlinear optical characterization of opaque and scattering media: from rough surfaces to powder
Authors: Bezerra Gleison S. , de Araújo Cid B. , Reyna Albert S.
Published: November 2024

We introduce the reflection intensity correlation scan (RICO-scan), a nonlinear (NL) optical technique designed to characterize opaque and scattering media, where traditional transmittance methods fail. By analyzing variations in the intensity correlation functions of speckle patterns generated from backscattered light, the RICO-scan was applied to an unpolished silicon surface and silicon powders, providing information on the intensity dependence of the complex refractive index. Numerical simulations based on Fresnel equations and speckle propagation corroborated the experimental results, demonstrating RICO-scan’s robustness and versatility. The RICO-scan is the first, to the best of our knowledge, NL optical technique capable of characterizing the third-order nonlinearity of powdered materials, offering a reliable tool for studying disordered complex systems.
B-AsP as the saturable absorber for a mid-infrared 3 µm nanosecond laser
Authors: Hu Xiaohui , Du Long , Qi Chun , Sun Guocheng , Zhao Jianxin , Wang Hongxia , Liu Qiaojun , Wang Maorong , Lou Fei , Zhang Shuaiyi
Published: November 2024

Black arsenic-phosphorus (B-AsP) has better stability than traditional black phosphorus (BP), and it was utilized to modulate a mid-infrared (mid-IR) 3 µm laser for what we believe to be the first time. The linear and nonlinear absorption characteristics of B-AsP at 3 µm were also investigated. The maximum continuous wave (CW) output power of the Er: SrF2 laser was 240 mW with an absorbed pump power of 2.87 W, resulting in a corresponding slope efficiency of 8.1%. During passively Q-switched (PQS) experiments, a laser pulse with a minimum duration of 188 ns was successfully generated at a repetition rate of 78 kHz, and the relevant single-pulse energy was 2.0 µJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the narrowest passively Q-switched pulse for Er:SrF2 crystal laser. Our results indicate that B-AsP SA was a promising candidate to be the optical modulator in the mid-IR wavelength range.
Structure determination via initial phases from regularly positioned small entities
Authors: Yuen Pui Sum
Published: November 2024

Initial phases from various regularly positioned small objects, referred to as small entities, are employed to obtain approximate images. Approximate images are obtained for various two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) binary objects, or objects containing more than one species of binary objects, or separated objects.
How do mammals convert dynamic odor information into neural maps for landscape navigation?
Authors: Sunil Anantu , Pedroncini Olivia , Schaefer Andreas T. , Ackels Tobias
Published: November 2024

Odors are transported by seemingly chaotic plumes, whose spatiotemporal structure contains rich information about space, with olfaction serving as a gateway for obtaining and processing this spatial information. Beyond tracking odors, olfaction provides localization and chemical communication cues for detecting conspecifics and predators, and linking external environments to internal cognitive maps. In this Essay, we discuss recent physiological, behavioral, and methodological advancements in mammalian olfactory research to present our current understanding of how olfaction can be used to navigate the environment. We also examine potential neural mechanisms that might convert dynamic olfactory inputs into environmental maps along this axis. Finally, we consider technological applications of odor dynamics for developing bio-inspired sensor technologies, robotics, and computational models. By shedding light on the principles underlying the processing of odor dynamics, olfactory research will pave the way for innovative solutions that bridge the gap between biology and technology, enriching our understanding of the natural world.
Facilitators and barriers to uptake of digital adherence technologies in improving TB care in Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Shewamene Zewdneh , Belachew Mahilet , Shiferaw Amanuel , De Groot Liza , Sahlie Mamush , Gadissa Demekech , Abdurhman Tofik , Bedru Ahmed , Leta Taye , Dube Tanyaradzwa , Deyanova Natasha , Jerene Degu , Fielding Katherine , Tadesse Amare W.
Published: November 2024

The role of digital adherence technologies (DATs) in improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence is an emerging area of policy discussion. Given that the directly observed therapy (DOT) has several shortcomings, alternative approaches such as DATs are vital to enhancing current practices by rendering person-centered models to support the completion of TB treatments. However, there is a lack of evidence that informs policy and program on facilitators and barriers to the uptake of DATs in the context of country-specific real-world situations. The purpose of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers to the uptake of DATs by drawing from the accounts of people with TB (PWTB), healthcare workers (HCWs) and other key policy stakeholders in Ethiopia. A qualitative study was conducted to capture the perspectives of participants to help understand the contextual factors that are important in the uptake of DATs. The overall response from participants highlighted that uptake of DATs was high despite some critical implementation barriers. DATs were useful in reducing the burden of treatment management on both PWTB and HCWs, improving adherence and flexibility, and enhancing the patient-provider relationship. The relative simplicity of using DATs, positive feedback from important others, and current policy opportunities were seen as additional facilitators for the uptake of DATs in the Ethiopian context. Key barriers including network issues (mobile phone signals), lack of inclusivity and fear of stigma (as perceived by HCWs) were identified as key barriers that could limit the implementation of DATs. The findings of this qualitative study have provided a rich set of perspectives relevant to policymakers, providers and implementers in identifying the facilitators and barriers to the uptake of DATs in Ethiopia. The overall finding suggests that DATs are highly acceptable among the diverse categories of participants in the presence of critical barriers that limit uptake of DATs including poor infrastructure. However, key policy stakeholders believe that there are several opportunities and initiatives for feasible implementation, adaptation and scale-up of DATs in the current Ethiopian context.
Regional variation in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and intention in Nigeria: A computer assisted telephone survey
Authors: Bamgboye Eniola Adetola , Ndejjo Rawlance , Chen Nuole , Afolabi Rotimi Felix , Kabwama Steven N. , Salawu Mobolaji M. , Bello Segun , Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Dairo Magbagbeola David , Tsai Lily L. , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Fawole Olufunmilayo Ibitola
Published: November 2024

Globally, vaccination has been known to reduce the burden of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, with its effectiveness relying on public acceptance and widespread uptake. Despite the efforts put into the rapid development of SARS-COV-2 vaccines, uptake remains a major challenge in many countries especially those with large population dynamics like Nigeria. Most studies in Nigeria have assessed the uptake of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine among groups of people without consideration for ethno-cultural diversity. This study therefore explored COVID-19 vaccine uptake, its determinants and future intention among adult Nigerians in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional survey using a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview. The study enrolled 1148 adults from one representative state across each of the six geopolitical zones that had a high COVID-19 burden. Trained research assistants interviewed consenting respondents using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire configured in Survey CTO between May and June 2022. Descriptive statistics were provided as means for continuous variables, while categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Prevalence ratios were used as the measure of association. Respondents’ age was 37.8±13.4 years, 53.9% were men and majority (65.2%) from southern Nigeria. About half (50.9%) of the respondents had not received vaccination, 29.7% were fully vaccinated, and 19.3% had incomplete dose. Majority (65.5%) of the respondents in the Northern states had not received SARS-COV-2 vaccine. Participants’ age, sex, place of residence, occupation, religion, and region of residence were associated with vaccine uptake (p<0.05). About 70% of respondents who had not received the vaccine had the intention to receive the vaccine. A low rate of SARS-COV-2 vaccine uptake, particularly in the Northern region, and a high level of intention to receive the vaccine were reported among adult Nigerians. Focused efforts are needed in the Northern region to enhance SARS-COV-2 vaccine uptake.
The social determinants of adolescent anxiety and depression in peri-urban South Africa
Authors: Rossouw Laura , Watt Kathryn , Davidson Leslie L. , Desmond Chris
Published: November 2024

The environment in which adolescents live impacts their mental health, through social determinants. We examine the impact of social determinants on anxiety, and depression in adolescents (aged 13–19) in peri-urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Using structural equation modelling, we identify direct relationships between social determinants and depression/anxiety, as well as indirect pathways between social determinants. Our findings indicate that living with the biological mother, the perception of family and peer support, school enrolment, and a positive sense of school membership may protect adolescent’s mental health. Conversely, exposure to community violence may be directly detrimental to adolescent mental health and indirectly harm mental health through the negation of a sense of school membership. Understanding the potential direct and indirect pathways between social determinants and adolescents’ mental health in resource-constrained contexts can inform interventions to protect young people’s well-being through the identification of appropriate entry points closer to and further from the adolescent and their household.