bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Popular but precarious: low helmet use among shared micromobility program riders in San Francisco
Authors: Frye Willow , Chehab Lara , Feler Joshua , Wong Laura , Tan Amy , Alpers Benjamin , Patel Devika , von Hippel Christiana , Sammann Amanda
Published: December 2024

Background

Shared micromobility programs (SMPs) are integral to urban transport in US cities, providing sustainable transit options. Increased use has raised safety concerns, notably about helmet usage among e-scooter and e-bicycle riders. Prior studies have shown that head and upper extremity injuries have risen with SMP adoption, yet data on helmet use remains sparse.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study evaluated helmet use among 5,365 riders (e-bicycles, conventional bicycles, and e-scooters) in San Francisco during February and March 2019. Observations were made at seven key intersections during peak commute hours on clear days.

Results

The majority rode conventional bicycles (77.1%), followed by e-bicycles (19.0%) and e-scooters (3.9%). Most vehicles (82.2%) were personally owned, with the remainder shared via SMPs. Helmet usage was substantially lower among SMP riders, with shared e-scooter users showing the lowest compliance. Specifically, shared e-scooter riders wore helmets 70% less frequently than personal e-scooter riders and 59% less than shared e-bike riders. Dockless e-bike riders used helmets 42% less than those on docked e-bikes.

Conclusion

This study exposes significant gaps in helmet usage among SMP riders, highlighting a pressing need for public health interventions and policy adjustments to improve safety and reduce head injury risks. The findings suggest that helmet use is notably deficient among e-scooter and dockless e-bicycle riders, underscoring the urgent need for targeted safety regulations as cities continue to integrate SMPs into their transportation frameworks.
Exploring the acceptance of virtual reality training systems among construction workers: a combined structural equation modeling and artificial neural network approach
Authors: Liu Hui , Miao Xinyue , Shi Chunyan , Xu Tongyu
Published: December 2024

Virtual Reality Training System (VRTS) has been verified effective in safety training in the construction field. However, in China, it is not widely used as a regular training tool. Among all the reasons, the acceptance level of construction workers (CWs) has the decisive impact on the promotion of VRTS. In view of this, this study is devoted to constructing a training model of CWs’ acceptance level of VRTS training that integrates the technology acceptance level model with the theory of planned behavior. What’s more, this paper innovatively introduces three crucial elements of external influences, namely, risk perception (RP), safety climate (SC) and self-efficacy (SE). In order to more accurately figure out the linear and nonlinear relationship between every structure and the factors of CWs’ acceptance level, 528 participating CWs in this study filled in structured questionnaires, through the data of which the analyzing process uses structural equation model and artificial neural network two-stage analysis method. Based on the analyzing results of the study, this paper put forward a series of specific strategies and suggestions to significantly promote the acceptance level of CWs to VRTS training considering the designment, the enterprises and the government.
Associated factors and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence in southern Peru, 2023
Authors: Sologuren-García Gema , Linares Carmen L. , Flores Jackeline R. , Escobar-Bermejo Gloria , Sotelo-Gonzales Soledad , Fagerstrom Cristhel K.
Published: December 2024

Background

Urinary incontinence (UI), which can be classified as stress, urgency, or mixed, represents a public health problem that mainly affects adult women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, association of sociodemographic and obstetric factors with the types of UI as well as the perceived impact on quality of life of women attending primary health facilities in the Tacna region from Peru.

Methods

A quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Stratified sample. A total of 346 women aged 30 to 64 years were surveyed, applying two short version instruments: the Urinary Discomfort Inventory Questionnaire (UDI-6) and the Urinary Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Descriptive statistics, parameters of the multinomial logistic regression, with the B values, odds ratio (OR) and significance level (p < 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of UI was 80.9%, with mixed UI being more frequent (48.8%). A significant association was found between the sociodemographic factor of educational level and type of UI (p = 0.004). Obstetric factors: higher frequency of mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in vaginal delivery (30.6%) and newborns weighing 2,500–3,999 grams (35.5%). Additionally, an association between quality of life and type of urinary incontinence was observed, with a greater impact on those who had MUI (18.2%).

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of UI in women in the Tacna region, the sociodemographic associated is educational level. There is an association between quality of life and UI, with MUI being more frequent.
Prevalence and unfavourable outcome of oral frailty in older adult: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Sheng-Rui , Wei Liu-Ying , Jia Kui , Xie Yuan-Xi , Tan Zheng-Ke-Ke , Mo Shu-Tian , Tang Wen-Zhen
Published: December 2024

Background and objective

Oral frailty (OF) refers to a decline in oral function amongst older adult that often occurs alongside declines in cognitive and physical abilities. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and unfavourable outcomes of OF in the older adult population to provide medical staff with valuable insights into the associated disease burden.

Methods

From inception to March 2024, we systematically searched six key electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL to identify potential studies that reported the prevalence or unfavourable outcomes of OF amongst older adult. Studies that did not have accessible data were excluded. Two researchers worked independently to retrieve the literature, collect data, and evaluate the quality of the included studies. Data analysis was conducted using R Project 4.1.1 and Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results

We identified 28 studies that met the inclusion criteria, including 27,927 older adult. The pooled prevalence of OF amongst older adult was 32% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24, 0.41). Subgroup analyses indicated that the setting, sample, design of studies, and assessment instruments influence the prevalence of OF. In addition, OF was associated with a high risk of physical frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.02), malnutrition (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.75, 2.96), low dietary variety (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.39), and social withdrawal (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.71).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that OF is prevalent amongst older adult. OF may affect the prognosis of older adult and thus necessitates comprehensive assessment and management as part of an integrated approach.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=537884.
Ultraviolet and infrared radiation in Australia: assessing the benefits, risks, and optimal exposure guidelines
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Dixon Katie M. , Münch Gerald , Chang Dennis , Zhou Xian
Published: December 2024

Despite extensive research, determining the optimal level of sunlight exposure for human health remains a challenge, emphasizing the need for ongoing scientific inquiry into this critical aspect of human well-being. This review aims to elucidate how different components of the solar spectrum, particularly near-infrared (NIR) radiation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affect human health in diverse ways depending on factors such as time of day and duration of exposure. Sunlight has beneficial effects from the production of melatonin by NIR and vitamin D by UVB. Sunlight also causes harmful effects as evidenced by oxidative stress and DNA damage. Exposure to morning and evening sunlight when the UV index is below 3 is suggested to be beneficial for harnessing its positive effects while avoiding the harmful effects of UVR when the UV index is 3 or higher. Understanding the optimal timing and duration of sunlight exposure is crucial for harnessing its beneficial effects while minimizing its harmful consequences by adopting appropriate sun protection measures. By adhering to sun protection guidelines when the UV index is 3 or more and incorporating strategic exposure to NIR rays when the UV index is less than 3, individuals can optimize their health outcomes while mitigating the risks associated with sun exposure. Given that the effects of sun exposure can be both harmful and beneficial, and Australia’s unique geographical position where it experiences the highest levels of exposure to sunlight, it is vital to understand the appropriate level and timing of sun exposure to live healthy under the Australian sun.
Provider views on vasectomy: cultural, gender, and political elements of Men's decisions to seek publicly funded services
Authors: Teti Michelle , Raybon Denise , Spitz Stephanie , Webb Shelby , Witt Jacki , Metcalf-Wilson Kristin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Evidence suggests a new demand for vasectomies following the Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization [597 U.S. 215 (2022), (Dobbs)]. Vasectomies are safer and more cost-effective than tubal sterilization. Understanding how to support men's use of this procedure is important to improving sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing (SRHW). This study is an exploration of health care providers' perspectives on the gender, cultural and political influences on vasectomies at Title X-funded clinics across all regions of the US.

Methods

Providers or health services staff (N = 21) at Title X-funded settings currently offering vasectomy services in their own clinics or via referral were recruited using list serve and email outreach. Participants took part in one-on-one or small group interviews about vasectomy procedures, patient experiences, and trends. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts through an iterative process of reviewing, note-taking, and discussing data assessed provider views on patient cultural, gender, and political vasectomy influences.

Results

Qualitative interviews yielded four themes related to participant access to services, including income challenges, language barriers, medical distrust, and societal gender roles that stressed women's responsibility for contraception. Two additional themes focused on men's fear of losing reproductive health options and desire to “step up” to do their part to prevent unplanned pregnancies.

Discussion

Interviewees stressed that vasectomy was for everyone but identified sub-groups of men who still faced logistical and social access challenges to the procedure. Providers also believed that men were concerned over reproductive justice in the US and wanted to do their part to help prevent unplanned pregnancies. They thought that the Dobbs decision may mark a turning point in reproductive care that could ultimately better public health initiatives and overall SRHW by including men in the conversation. Vasectomy education, marketing—along with policy changes that ease access, can support this goal.
Life cycle assessment of the tiny house initiative in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Sabobeh Lara , Al Hassani Rabab , Alomar Laila , Atabay Serter , Mortula Md Maruf , Ali Tarig A. , Taher Aqeel Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There has been a significant increase in global energy usage due to urbanization and population growth. The built environment is responsible for over one third of global energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and over a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions. The United Arab Emirates building, and construction sector consumes 70% of the entire country’s electricity demand and uses large amounts of raw materials, accelerating resource scarcity. The tiny house offers several environmental and sustainability benefits that have contributed to its growing popularity.

Methods

In this study, the environmental impacts of a tiny house, built on the American University of Sharjah campus will be evaluated using life cycle impact assessment. A cradle-to-grave evaluation was conducted for the life cycle assessment of the tiny house, with a functional unit of 1 m2, using the ReCiPe 2016 V1.03 midpoint method.

Results

The environmental impact associated with the production and operational phases was most severe, aligning with similar studies on residential buildings. In the material production phase, concrete and steel had the most significant environmental impacts, particularly in the climate change category. These results highlight the importance of focusing on sustainable innovations in material production and recycling to mitigate environmental impacts. The operational phase contributed to approximately 77% of the total carbon dioxide emissions over the 50-year lifespan of the tiny house, primarily due to energy consumption for heating and cooling.

Discussion

While the findings align with previous studies on residential buildings, it is important to consider the context of a tiny house; its small size results in a significantly lower overall environmental impact compared to larger homes.
Influence of vaccination against infectious diseases on the carbon footprint of fattening pigs: a systematic review
Authors: Gickel Julia , Hartung Clara Berenike , Abd El-Wahab Amr , Hankel Julia , Visscher Christian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In all sectors of the economy, including livestock production, there is an increasing focus on sustainability criteria. The carbon footprint is therefore an important target value in pig production. The aim is to minimize this value. Infectious diseases may affect the performance negatively, potentially leading to a higher carbon footprint. Therefore, vaccinations may be a useful tool to ensure a high level of sustainability in pork production.

Materials and methods

The aim of this evaluation was to assess the impact of vaccinations against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), both PCV2 and M. hyo, and Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) in epidemic situations in Europe on performance parameters using results from former publications on these diseases. These parameters were then used to calculate the carbon footprint of the pigs using life cycle assessment (LCA). The data collection with PubMed was based on the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, from which, however, some deviations were made. In total, 14 trials on PCV2, 10 trials on M. hyo, 14 trials on M. hyo and PCV2, and 17 trials on LI fulfilled the criteria and were included in this evaluation. In general, review articles and studies published before 1990 were excluded as were studies with incomplete data concerning the performance parameters and studies from non-European countries if the published body weights, genetics used, or other details in the experimental setup suggested they were not comparable to European standards.

Results

The mean carbon footprint was up to 12.1% (PCV2), 2.5% (M. hyo), 9.3% (PCV2 and M. hyo), or 3.5% (LI) lower following a vaccination.

Discussion

This evaluation clearly shows that healthy animals can achieve a reduced carbon footprint through better performance with lower resource consumption, which is extremely important for sustainable animal husbandry. The use of health preserving measures such as vaccination can be a useful and important tool for reaching this goal.
Assessing the Predictive Power of PIRCHE-II Scores for the Development of De Novo Donor-Specific Antibodies After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Raineri Francesca , Frischknecht Lukas , Nilsson Jakob , Rössler Fabian , Cavelti-Weder Claudia , von Moos Seraina , Schachtner Thomas
Published: December 2024

The molecular HLA epitope mismatch is an advanced measure for developing de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) after kidney transplantation. Its relevance in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients (SPKTRs) remains unclear. We investigated dnDSA development in 72 SPKTRs and 383 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and used the Predicted Indirectly Recognizable HLA-Epitopes (PIRCHE-II) algorithm to calculate the mismatch load of HLA-derived epitopes in total, per HLA-class, and per HLA-locus. At 1 year post-transplant, SPKTRs exhibited an increased dnDSA incidence (11.2% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.011); but not at 10 years post-transplant. In SPKTRs, preformed DSA (HR 2.872, p = 0.039) and younger donor age (HR 0.943, p = 0.017) were independent risk factors for developing dnDSA. PIRCHE-II scores for HLA-DQ correlated with dnDSA development upon univariate analysis (p = 0.044). Among 455 KTRs/SPKTRs, multivariate analysis identified PIRCHE-II scores for HLA-DQ (HR 1.023, p = 0.025) and ciclosporine use (HR 2.440, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of dnDSA development. Simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplantation (SPK) was an independent risk factor in case of preformed DSA only (HR 2.782, p = 0.037). High PIRCHE-II scores for HLA-DQ are crucial for dnDSA development in both SPKTRs and KTRs. The lack of an independent association of total PIRCHE-II scores urges caution in implementing it in post-transplantation risk assessment.
Morphological Research Directions at Neuroscience-Related Institutes of the German Max Planck Society, 1948–2002
Authors: Stahnisch Frank W.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the continuation of the pathological morphology research program at neuroscience-related institutes from the Kaiser Wilhelm Society after World War II. It covers the research tradition in the brain sciences, which can be described by an emphasis on gross anatomy, the functional implications of morphological substrates, and the analysis of neurohistological research paths of the human brain in comparative contexts. To enable examination of the assimilation processes of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society’s legacy, the decisions and developments of the newly created Max Planck Society in Germany and its early brain science facilities will be assessed for the time period from 1948 to 2002. Pertaining to these overall developments in the Max Planck Society, a persistence of the “morphological paradigm” (microanatomy, pathology, comparative anatomy, etc.) can be identified as lasting until the 1960s. The newer “functional paradigm” (neurophysiology, electroencephalography, cybernetics, and behavioral studies) only became more visible when the first generations of the scientific leaders left their positions in this national research society. It is of note that many directors and scientific members, including Detlev Ploog (1920–2005), Dieter Lux (1924–1995), Georg W. Kreutzberg (1932–2019), Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt (1927–1992), Hans Thönen (1928–2012), Manfred Eigen (1927–2019), Erwin Neher (b. 1944), Hartmut Wekerle (b. 1944), Albert Hertz (1921–2018), Bert Sakmann (b. 1942), and Wolf Singer (b. 1943) were part of the American Neuroscience Research Program as associates, members, conference chairs, or trainees. Likewise, they joined the Society for Neuroscience early on, after it had emerged from the Neuroscience Research Program’s steering committee in 1969. This article seeks to clarify the context of the reorganization of the brain research-related Max Planck Institutes during the postwar period after World War II. Its trajectory includes the location of the institutes, their previous involvement in applied research, and personal continuities in scientific leadership positions, contributing to debates during the first decades of the Max Planck Society. The lens of pathological brain research emerges here as an important viewpoint to aid the understanding of the continued impact and concerns over the dominant morphological approaches in postwar West German neurology and psychiatry.
Dynamic Multiphysics Simulation of the Load-Following Behavior in a Typical Pressurized Water Reactor Power Plant
Authors: Panciak Ivan , Diab Aya
Published: December 2024

Most Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are designed for baseload operations, maintaining a steady power output at 100%, except during planned maintenance and refueling. However, in countries like France, Slovakia, and Korea, where nuclear power is a major source of electricity, integrating nuclear energy with intermittent renewables is crucial for stable power generation. This integration necessitates daily power adjustments by NPPs in response to grid demands, a process known as a Load Follow Operation (LFO). Such a process introduces strong interdependencies between thermal–hydraulic and neutron–kinetic parameters, coupled with the three-dimensional movement of Control Element Assemblies (CEAs) and Xenon dynamics, which pose safety challenges due to shifts in core power distribution. To address these complexities, a multi-physics approach is employed using the multi-physics package RELAP5/3DKIN and implementing two strategies. The first strategy uses a mechanical shim, adjusting the reactor power exclusively through CEAs. The second strategy combines CEA movement with adjustments in soluble boron concentration. Both strategies are evaluated against axial offset and 3D power peaking safety limits to ensure compliance with operational safety requirements.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Volatile Profiles of Selected Bovine Head Muscles
Authors: Liu Qihan , Bassey Anthony Pius , Li Ziyu , Zhou Guanghong , Fan Xia , Ye Keping
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed the nutritional composition, physicochemical properties, and volatile profiles of three major bovine head muscles—medial pterygoid, masseter, and buccinator—to reduce byproduct resource waste and increase the utilization rate of bovine head to establish a foundation for its industrial use. Compared to tenderloin, which is popular among consumers, these head muscles were found to be rich in collagen (4.90–13.1 mg/g), low in fat (0.39–1.61%), and abundant in free amino acids (143.93–223.00 mg/100 g). Their compact fiber structures, with minimal gaps between myocytes, resulted in lower cooking and press losses, making them suitable for various production processes. Notably, the medial pterygoid and masseter muscles contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lower saturated fatty acids (SFAs), with a PUFA/SFA ratio exceeding 0.45. The buccinator muscle, while containing more volatile organic compounds associated with undesirable odors and bitter amino acids, was not indicative of spoilage. Overall, this study confirmed that bovine head muscles possess high collagen, low fat, and diverse nutritional qualities, making them suitable as premium raw materials for value-added meat products, and their returns will be most economically equal to the meat derived from cattle.
Perceiving Etruscan Art: AI and Visual Perception
Authors: Forte Maurizio
Published: December 2024

This research project is aimed at exploring the cognitive and emotional processes involved in perceiving Etruscan artifacts. The case study is the Sarcophagus of the Spouses at the National Etruscan Museum in Rome, one of the most important masterpieces in pre-Roman art. The study utilized AI and eye-tracking technology to analyze how viewers engaged with the Etruscan Sarcophagus of the Spouses, revealing key patterns of visual attention and engagement. OpenAI, ChatGPT-4 (accessed on 12 October 2024) was used in conjunction with Colab–Python in order to elaborate all the spreadsheets and data arising from the eye-tracking recording. The results showed that viewers primarily focused on the central figures, especially on their faces and hands, indicating a high level of interest in the human elements of the artifact. The longer fixation duration on these features suggest that viewers find them particularly engaging, which is likely due to their detailed craftsmanship and symbolic significance. The eye-tracking data also highlighted specific gaze patterns, such as diagonal scanning across the sarcophagus, which reflects the composition’s ability to guide viewer attention strategically. The results indicate that viewer focus centers on human elements, especially on faces and hands, suggesting that these features hold both esthetic and symbolic significance.
Prognostic Implications and Predictors of Mitral Regurgitancy Reduction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Güney Murat Can , Süygün Hakan , Polat Melike , Ayhan Hüseyin , Keleş Telat , Turinay Ertop Zeynep Şeyma , Bozkurt Engin
Published: December 2024

Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common condition observed in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS). However, the impact of TAVI on MR outcomes and the factors predicting MR improvement remains uncertain. Understanding these predictors can enhance patient management and guide clinical decisions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 156 patients with moderate to severe MR undergoing TAVI. MR severity was assessed via echocardiography at baseline, as well as 6 months and 1 year after TAVI. Patients were divided into groups based on MR reduction: no improvement or worsening, one-degree improvement, and at least two-degree improvement. Clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural characteristics were evaluated as predictive factors for MR improvement after TAVI. Results: MR reduction occurred in 68% of patients at 6 months and 81% at 1 year. Factors predicting a reduction of two grades or more in MR severity included lower baseline LVEDD (OR = 1.345, 95% CI: 1.112–1.628, p = 0.002) lower baseline LA (OR = 1.121, 95% CI: 1.015–1.237, p = 0.024), lower baseline LVMI (OR = 1.109, 95% CI: 1.020–1.207, p = 0.024), and higher baseline EF levels (OR = 1.701, 95% CI: 1.007–2.871, p = 0.047). No significant association was found between MR reduction at 6 months and one-year mortality. (p = 0.65). Conclusions: Baseline echocardiographic parameters are valuable in predicting MR improvement post-TAVI, with LVMI emerging as a novel predictor. However, MR reduction did not independently predict survival, underscoring the need for further research to optimize patient selection and management strategies in TAVI candidates.
A Self-Gelling Powder Based on Polyacrylic Acid/Polyethyleneimine/Polyethylene Glycol for High-Performance Hemostasis and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Li Jia , Li Shu , Zhong Aozhen , Xing Jun , Li Ling , Wang Cai , Zheng Min
Published: December 2024

Powder-based hemostatic materials have offered unprecedented opportunities for the effective sealing and repair of irregularly shaped wounds and high-pressure, noncompressible arterial bleeding wounds caused by surgeries, traffic accidents, and wartime injuries. However, inadequate adhesion to bleeding wounds and poor hemostasis in biological tissues remains challenging. Herein, we report a self-gelling hemostatic powder based on polyacrylic acid/polyethyleneimine/polyethylene glycol (named PPG) for rapid hemostasis and effective antibacterial ability. When deposited on bleeding wounds, PPG powder can absorb interfacial liquid and rapidly swell into a physically cross-linked hydrogel in situ within 2 s to form a pressure-resistant physical barrier. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro results indicate that, as an effective sealant, the PPG powder possesses ease of use, excellent hemocompatibility, strong antibacterial abilities, and superior blood clotting abilities. The effective hemostatic sealing capability of the PPG powder is demonstrated in a variety of injury models in rats and rabbits. All of these factors show that, with its superior wound treatment abilities, PPG powder is a profound biomaterial for surgical applications.
Effects of Modified Cross-Linkers on the Rheology of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids and Reservoir Water Environment
Authors: Song Hua , Liu Junyi
Published: December 2024

Improving the chemical structure of the cross-linker is a potential method for reducing reservoir pollution and enhancing the fracturing efficiency of shale reservoirs. In this investigation, a three-dimensional (3-D) spherical cross-linker comprising branched chains was synthesized, and the 3-D structure of the cross-linker was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, we constructed a multifunctional coupled collaborative evaluation device that can be used to evaluate numerous properties associated with water-based fracturing fluids, including fluid viscosity, adsorption capacity, and water pollution. Meanwhile, the influence of varying reservoir conditions and cross-linker content on the fluid viscosity of water-based fracturing fluids and the potential for reservoir contamination has been evaluated and elucidated. The results indicated that the synthesized cross-linker exhibited a superior environmental protection of the shale reservoir and an enhanced capacity for thickening fracturing fluids in comparison to commercial cross-linkers. Moreover, cross-linker content, reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, and fracture width can affect fluid viscosity and reservoir residual in different trends. The addition of 0.3% nano-cross-linker (Synthetic products) to a water-based fracturing fluid resulted in an apparent viscosity of 160 mPa·s at 200 °C, and the adsorption capacity and water content of the shale reservoir were only 0.22 µg/m3 and 0.05 µg/L, respectively. Additionally, an elevation in reservoir temperature resulted in a reduction in the adsorption capacity. However, the cross-linker content in groundwater underwent a notable increase, and the cross-linker residue in water increased by 0.009 µg/L. The impact of reservoir pressure on fluid viscosity and groundwater pollution potential exhibited an inverse correlation compared to that of reservoir temperature, and the above two parameters changed by +18 mPa·s and −0.012 µg/L, respectively. This investigation provides basic data support for the efficient fracturing and reservoir protection of shale reservoirs.
Effects of Different Remediation Treatments and Rice Intercropping on the Integrated Quality of Paddy Soils Mildly Contaminated by Cadmium and Copper
Authors: Cai Luxiang , Lin Jinlun , Huang Mingtian , Hong Yong , Zhong Xuemeng , Guo Yourui , You Wu , Xiao Qingtie , Lin Ruiyu
Published: December 2024

The issue of soil contamination by heavy metals (HMs) has attracted extensive attention. In the present study, the effects of four remediation measures combined with rice intercropping on the quality of soils were evaluated in a mildly HM-contaminated paddy field. The results showed that better comprehensive remediation effects were found in the intercropping system with high and low Cd-tolerant rice than in the monoculture system. Both foliar spraying of sodium selenite and inoculation with Pseudomonas TCd-1 significantly reduced the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NCPI) of the soils. The application of biochar and lime significantly increased the soil fertility index. Among all the treatments, the application of 30 t∙hm−2 biochar and 3600 kg∙hm−2 lime improved soil fertility the most. The lowest single-factor pollution indices (SFPIs) of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb and the NCPI of the soils were observed in the treatment with foliar spraying of sodium selenite at 45 mg∙L−1, showing the greatest comprehensive reduction in soil HMs. The application of 1200 kg∙hm−2 lime and 30 t∙hm−2 biochar and foliar spraying of 45 mg∙L−1 sodium selenite effectively improved the soil quality. Overall, the soil quality of paddy fields dramatically influenced the cleaner production of rice and is of great significance to the maintenance of food security.
Research on Impact of Equity Costs and Environmental Costs on Supply-Side Classified Water Pricing
Authors: Chen Caiming , Zhu Hongbin , Cai Chenkai , Wang Shiwu
Published: December 2024

The classified water pricing system is an effective measure for promoting the rational utilization of water resources under market mechanisms. Studying the water prices of three different types of water sources, including reservoir water, river water, and wastewater treatment plant effluent, is the basis for promoting the use of reclaimed water. However, there remains a spectrum of viewpoints on how to establish a pricing mechanism for reclaimed water at present. This study primarily focuses on the multi-level quality-separated water supply system in Yiwu City, China. It analyzes the limitations of the current water pricing formation mechanism and the externality of integrating reclaimed water into the unified allocation of multiple water sources. Based on the principles of full-cost water pricing and externality theory, a supply-side classified water pricing permit cost and pricing calculation model, covering the entire process of the social water cycle, is proposed. It focuses on the analysis of the impact of equity costs and environmental costs on supply-side classified water pricing. The Shapley value method is used for the technology of cost allocation among stakeholders to reasonably distribute the calculated water pricing of reclaimed water. The price of reclaimed water varies depending on the user type, with residential users paying 2.93 CNY/t, industrial users 4.00 CNY/t, and government allocations at 8.52 CNY/t. Compared with the classified water prices of various stakeholders on the user side of reservoir water, reclaimed water has a significant price advantage. This research demonstrates that the supply-side classified water pricing model, which includes a permit cost and pricing calculation framework, can encourage the supply of higher-quality water at corresponding higher prices, while also providing the internalization of external costs. Furthermore, the Shapley value method of cost allocation can realize the fair burden of stakeholders on the calculated water price and maintain the competitive advantage of reclaimed water prices.
Phishing and some possibilities of its prevention
Authors: Biró Gabriella , Kiss Milán
Published: December 2024

In parallel with the advance of digitalisation, cybercrime has grown into one of
the most prominent issues in recent years, especially in the financial sector. Instead of slowing it down, developments in the last few years, including COVID-19,
have given a boost to this process. Phishing, one of the most common types of
cyberattacks, is worthy of study, also by reason of its prevalence. This paper aims
to provide an overview of the phenomenon of phishing and the possibilities of
anti-phishing protection, with special regard to the financial sectors’ exposure
and the legal context. First, we analyse the most frequent types of phishing, together with their technical and technological background. For the legal context,
since the issue is regulated at multiple levels (international, EU and national legislation), we separately discuss the regulation of phishing in private and public
law, in particular the directive on payment services in the internal market (PSD2)
as well as the payment services act transposing it into Hungarian legislation. The
directive imposes a form of strict liability on payment service providers and is
also unfavourable for them in terms of the rules of evidence vis-à-vis consumers
and microenterprises as clients. The paper also investigates criminal law implications, or more precisely, which offence the respective forms of phishing correspond to under criminal law. Finally, we present relevant developments in law
enforcement and IT security. By doing so, we explore the possibilities of payment
service providers for preventing phishing attacks on both the provider’s and the
client’s side, and if the incident has occurred, what options they have for mitigating consequences.
Swedish trade policy and its economic impact (1873–1913)
Authors: Szabó Gyula
Published: December 2024

Protectionism and the debate surrounding it have a long history. The phenomenon can be better understood by examining a past era characterized by sharp
‘turnarounds’ in trade policy practices. For that purpose we have examined Sweden at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The focus of our research was
primarily on uncovering the driving forces behind the economic policy practice
that broke with free trade, as well as presenting its impacts on the economy, which
we aimed to do by relying on the available historical sources. We also sought
to answer the question of whether the Swedish protectionist experiment can be
considered a model to follow in present times. In summary of our findings, it can
be concluded that the impact of tariff increases primarily affected the structure
of imports, rather than their volume. Although the increase in tariffs affected the
overall price level, there were certain products whose prices were more significantly impacted by global market trends. While the measures proved ineffective
in achieving a lasting improvement in the balance of trade, they provided significant additional revenue for the state budget. The process of industrialisation was
not interrupted by import restrictions; in fact, there are examples of successful
import substitution. In terms of economic convergence with the European core
countries, the protectionist period proved to be more successful than the decades of free trade. Despite its relative success, we cannot consider Sweden’s trade
policy of the late 19th century as a model to follow today, because its results were
achieved under the unique conditions of a specific historical era.
O uso de programação com o Scratch na sala de aula de matemática no ensino básico: um estudo de atividades com possibilidades de utilização no Ensino Fundamental II
Authors:   , Costa Heriléa Mattos da
Published: December 2024

A presente pesquisa se propôs a buscar, estabelecer critérios de escolha, mapear, analisar e comentar dissertações que envolvem a utilização de atividades com programação no software Scratch, em sala de aula, no ensino de matemática para alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Isto foi feito com a finalidade de desenvolver um produto educacional voltado para professores de matemática que tenham interesse nessa didática em sala de aula. O produto construído foi um site, na esperança de conseguir colaborar com o professor que quer inserir o Scratch em suas aulas e não sabe como. Foram disponibilizadas no site atividades de vários autores, com problemas e conteúdos diversos, que tratam de variadas habilidades abordadas pela BNCC (2018) para serem trabalhadas com os alunos do Ensino Fundamental de forma simplificada e objetiva, facilitando o trabalho docente. Para a realização desta pesquisa utilizou-se a metodologia de Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Selecionou-se um total de 14 dissertações a serem lidas integralmente com o propósito de coletar os dados necessários à confecção do produto educacional almejado. Os trabalhos se baseiam fortemente na metodologia de ensino de Papert (1985), utilizando a ideia do Construcionismo e o incentivo ao uso de computadores a favor da educação.
Avaliação da precipitação química de estruvita na recuperação de nutrientes a partir de efluente misto
Authors:   , Fagundes Pedro Barreiros Silva de Souza
Published: December 2024

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Estudo da qualidade e estabilidade dos dados do experimento ѵ-Angra
Authors:   , Fernandes Júnior Antônio
Published: December 2024

O experimento Neutrinos Angra tem como objetivos medir a potência dissipada no reator de Angra II através da leitura do fluxo de antineutrinos liberados no processo de queima do combustível nuclear e detectar qualquer emissão de radiação anômala que possa ocorrer ao redor das instalações do reator para fins de salvaguarda de material nuclear. Para isso, foi projetado e desenvolvido um detector de partículas baseado em água dopada de gadolínio, equipado com 40 tubos fotomultiplicadores para leitura dos sinais luminosos deixados por partículas que interagem em seu interior. Além do detector, um sistema completo composto de eletrônica de leitura e aquisição de sinal (um canal de leitura por tubo fotomultiplicador), módulos de controle e armazenamento de dados foram também desenvolvidos. O detector está operando no sítio de Angra II, desde o segundo semestre do ano de 2018. O sistema de detecção, após instalado, entrou na fase de comissionamento onde passou a necessitar de ferramentas que auxiliasse nos ajustes de parâmetros, medidas de suas características e monitoramento a fim de garantir a qualidade dos dados coletados ao longo dos anos. Nesse contexto, essa Dissertação teve como objetivo propor ferramentas importantes com o intuito de auxiliar nos ajustes de parâmetros fundamentais do sistema como os limiares dos discriminadores dos canais da eletrônica de leitura, usados para detectar quando um tubo fotomultiplicador é atingido por algum evento, e os ganhos dos tubos fotomultiplicadores, assim como propiciar ferramentas de monitoramento de parâmetros, que além desses citados anteriormente, incluem também o pedestal e forma de onda dos sinais, e a distribuição de energia de cada um dos canais de leitura. Ao final da Dissertação, os dados coletados durante os anos de 2019, 2020 e 2021 são analisados e os períodos de estabilidade/instabilidade do detector identificados.
O estudo da 1ª. lei da termodinâmica no contexto da máquina a vapor: uma proposta de sequência didática no enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS)
Authors:   , Gumieri Renata Kaiser
Published: December 2024

Partindo da análise dos produtos educacionais de sete dissertações oriundas de mestrados em Ensino de Física, o presente trabalho discutiu as relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) a partir do estudo da Primeira Lei da Termodinâmica (PLT). Percebendo uma lacuna em produtos educacionais que proponham uma discussão da PLT com o enfoque CTS, foi desenvolvida uma Sequência Didática (SD), compondo o Produto Educacional, que considerou as inter-relações entre as esferas CTS com ênfase na díade Sociedade-Tecnologia (ST). Dentre outros recursos, a SD dispõe de um caso para estudo com a temática transporte público – modalidade ônibus, envolvendo visões da tecnologia, cujo detalhamento se fez a partir dos aspectos da prática tecnológica. A validação da SD foi realizada segundo o processo de Elaboração – Aplicação – Reelaboração (EAR). Nesse contexto, a aplicação ocorreu por meio da validação por pares, sendo realizada uma entrevista com quatro professoras da turma de Termodinâmica e Física Estatística do MNPEF do Polo 24 da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, campus Juiz de Fora, semestre 2021/2. A reelaboração da SD foi realizada a partir dos achados oriundos das entrevistas analisadas utilizando a Análise de Conteúdo e resultou na reescrita de uma das propostas apresentadas no caso para estudo a qual está centrada na díade Ciência-Tecnologia (CT).
From interaction to expression: the influence of padlet on Saudi EFL learners' speaking competence
Authors: Ali Muhammad Mooneeb , Saleem Tahir , Anwar Nadeem , Alharbi Wael , Hanif Farah
Published: December 2024

Digital technology is increasingly integrated into education, with tools like Padlet enhancing learning by supplementing traditional methods. Padlet, a valuable platform in EFL classrooms, supports various teaching goals. This study examines Padlet’s impact on the speaking skills of Saudi EFL learners, focusing on accuracy, vocabulary, and fluency. Fifty Saudi high school graduates were split into experimental and control groups. Over twelve weeks, the experimental group practiced speaking with Padlet, while the control group followed traditional methods. Using IELTS speaking criteria, assessments showed the Padlet group significantly outperformed the control group. These findings highlight Padlet's potential as a transformative tool for developing speaking proficiency in EFL learners, emphasizing its value for increasing engagement and improving outcomes in language education.
منهجية لقياس أهمية عوامل الموقع
Authors: بدري مسعود عبدالله , ديفيس دونالد , ديفيس دونا , المهيري جمال محمد , القحطاني محمد محمد
Published: December 2024

يكتسب قرار "الموقع" أهمية استراتيجية بالغة الحساسية، سواءً كان ذلك على المستوى المحلي، أو الإقليمي، أو المستوى العالمي. ويعاب على الدراسات السابقة عدم تقديمها أداة علمية إجرائية يمكن أن تقيس مدى أهمية عوامل الموقع لتستخدم كوسيلة لدعم القرار. وفي ظل هذه الظروف، تقوم الدراسة الحالية بتصميم أداة لهذا الغرض. وتعتمد هذه الأداة في تطويرها على جذور فكرية عميقة مبنية على مبادىء سيكومترية. وقد خضعت هذه الأداة لاختبارات المصداقية من خلال التطبيق الميداني. وتقوم هذه الدراسة بشرح المنهجية المتبعة في تطوير وتصميم هذه الأداة.
AТЕНТАТ НА МИЛАНА СТОЈАДИНОВИЋА 1936. ГОДИНЕ: СЛОМ И ВАСКРС ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКЕ НАЦИОНАЛНЕ СТРАНКЕ
Authors: Dragosavljević Vasilije
Published: December 2024

This article aims to shed light on the political background and consequences of the attempted assassination of the President of the Yugoslav Government, Milan Stojadinović, by MP Damjan Arnautović. Special attention will be devoted to the influence that this event had on the further fate and development of the Yugoslav National Party. Arnautović’s act represented the culmination of several months of conflicts and behind-the-scenes battles tha accompanied the liquidation of the monarchical dictatorship regime and the strengthening of the new ruling group gathered around the Yugoslav Radical Union. The paper shows both sides of this political reckoning and gives enough space to future researchers, who may shed a different light on the event of 6 March 1936.
ON THE INTERACTION OF FLUOROCARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, CHAPURKIN V. V. , CHAPURKIN S. V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: December 2024

The interaction of aliphatic and aromatic fluorocarbonyl compounds with hydrogen peroxide leads to the formation of 1-hydroxy-1-hydroperoxides, the hydrocarbon analogues of which are generally unstable. The possibility of their purification and further transformations is shown.
Dimensional Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Parts for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Berardi F. P. , Costa P. H. A. , Mendes V. B. , Banea M. D.
Published: December 2024

The growing use of drones in civilian and military applications is motivated mainly by reduced costs. Drones, along with autonomous vehicles, require lightweight structures and high dimensional accuracy to improve autonomy and spatial orientation. Additive Manufacturing (AM) enables the production of lightweight parts by controlling internal fill percentages and optimizing the density. However, there is limited research into how the type and percentage of infill affects dimensional tolerance. This study aims to assess the impact of these factors on 3D-printed parts, using low-cost FFF 3D printers with Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filaments. Overall, the results were satisfactory and met the required tolerances, confirming the feasibility of using parts produced by low-cost 3D printers and commonly available materials in the mass production of drones and autonomous vehicles.