bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Tomographic Ultrasound and Doppler Studies in Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Aboshalk Awatef Elsaid , Saleh Hanan Ahmad , Ossman Ahmed Mohamed , Elaziz Alsiagy Ali A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) describes a spectrum of disorders including adherence of all or part of placenta to uterine wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of the 3D Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging (TUI) and Doppler studies in diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 50 female patients, aged from 20 to 40, who were pregnant with history of one or more caesarean section deliveries or hysterotomies, diagnosed by 2D ultrasound as placenta previa with its lower edge covering the scar of previous caesarean section (major and minor anterior), with antepartum haemorrhage, and gestational age form 28 weeks to full term. The whole placenta was scanned in a systematic fashion using both 2D grayscale and 3D power Doppler ultrasound then displayed by 3D TUI.
Results: By 2D grayscale ultrasound, the obliteration of retroplacental hypoechoic area was found in 48% of patients with sensitivity 88.89% and accuracy 94%. Placental lacunae were found in 54% of patients with sensitivity 100% and accuracy 100%. Myometrial thinning was found in 40% of patients with sensitivity 74.07% and accuracy 86% and interruption of bladder uterine interface was found in 28% of patients with sensitivity 51.85% and accuracy 74%. By 2D colour Doppler study, the vascular gab was found in 40% of patients with sensitivity 74.07% and accuracy 86%. By 3D power Doppler study, vascularity was found in 26% of patients with sensitivity 96.3% and accuracy 96% and bridging vessel was found in 26% of patients with sensitivity 48.15% and accuracy 72%. Tomographic ultrasound image could predict MAP presence with 96.3% sensitivity and accuracy reach 98%.
Conclusion: The 3D TUI technique facilitates the evaluation of the myometrial thickness and the depth of placental invasion due to much better differentiation between various tissues compared to the conventional 2D. The 3D TUI is a useful adjunctive tool to the 3D power Doppler or color Doppler to refine the diagnosis of MAP.
Sınıf Eğitiminde Uzmanlaşma Modellerin Karşılaştırılması: Öğretmenlere Yönelik Yansımalar ve Modellere İlişkin Görüşler
Authors: BUMEN Nilay , AY Yasin
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin uzmanlaşmasına dayalı üç farklı modelin uygulandığı okullarda çalışan sınıf öğretmenlerinin özyeterliği, mesleğe yönelik tutumu, iş doyumu ve motivasyonunun dört yıl boyunca nasıl değiştiğinin ve öğretmenlerin modeller hakkındaki görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Bu bağlamda incelenen modeller a) bütünsel ve dört yıllık döngüsel (geleneksel), b) bütünsel, üç yıllık döngüsel ve branşlaşmış model ve c) bütünsel, iki yıllık döngüsel ve branşlaşmış modeldir. Retrospektif boylamsal ve eşzamanlı karma desen temele alınarak 2017-2021 yılları arasında, farklı modelleri uygulayan altı özel ilkokulda çalışan sınıf öğretmenlerinin (ilk yıl 21/ son yıl 14 kişi) özyeterliği, motivasyonu ve iş doyumu izlenmiş; odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre, öğretmenlerin özyeterliği ve motivasyonunda anlamlı bir farklılık elde edilemezken, iki ve üç yıllık döngüsel ve branşlaşmış modelde görev yapan öğretmenlerin iş doyumlarının, geleneksel modele göre ikinci ve üçüncü yılda anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak bu farklılıkların model gereği göreve yeni başlayan öğretmenlerden kaynaklandığı, genel durumu yansıtmadığı belirlenmiştir. Nitel bulgularda farklı modellerin öğrencilere, öğretmenlere, yöneticilere ve velilere yönelik etkileri ve modellere ilişkin öneriler elde edilmiştir. Katılımcı öğretmenler her modele ilişkin olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri dile getirmekle birlikte, aynı öğretmenin bir öğrenci grubuyla en az üç ya da dört yılı birlikte geçirmesini önermişlerdir.
Comparison of Availability of Trial Results in ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed by Data Source and Funder Type
Authors: Nelson Julianne T. , Tse Tony , Puplampu-Dove Yvonne , Golfinopoulos Elisa , Zarin Deborah A.
Published: March 2023

This study examines the dissemination of trial results by data source (ie, ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed) and funder type (ie, industry and nonindustry).
Agriculture, West African Forests
Authors: Chia Richard Terungwa
Published: March 2023

The timing of early cultivation in the West African forest zone has for a long time been shrouded in uncertainty. This is due, in part, to the paucity of archaeological research focusing on subsistence and agriculture, and the dearth of direct evidence of cultivation in the region. Some palynologists have used patterns in the occurrence of oil palm pollen, including steep upsurges during the mid‐ to late Holocene, as proxies for cultivation. Others have argued that the upsurges in oil palm pollen were caused solely by climate change and thus cannot be proxies for cultivation in the region. This entry examines the lines of argument and uses archaeological, archaeobotanical, and palynological data to provide new insight into early cultivation in the region. By blending these classes of data, results indicate a synchronous occurrence of oil palm pollen, charred oil palm endocarps, domesticated crops, and evidence for sedentism in the West African forest zone. This points to the possibility that human activities of some sort, especially cultivation, encouraged upsurges in oil palm growth in the region from the mid‐ to late Holocene. Another possibility is that both climate change and cultivation caused the retrogression of the forests and paved the way for upsurges in oil palm. Furthermore, phytolith and starch analyses are needed to add to the existing body of data to increase the chances of successfully disentangling the evidence for cultivation from natural phenomena.
Iron Production, Environmental Impact
Authors: Iles Louise
Published: March 2023

Iron metallurgy is a technology with high potential to cause significant degradation to woodlands and forests. Early iron production and iron working undoubtedly consumed a substantial volume of charcoal; however, the impact of this on local environments would have been variable, dependent on a range of factors including intensity and periodicity of iron production, technological approach, and cultural strategies to manage woodland access and use.
Cotton
Authors: Bouchaud Charlène
Published: March 2023

Cotton (
Gossypium
sp.) is and was an important textile fiber in Asia and Africa, where two cotton species have been domesticated,
Gossypium arboreum
and
Gossypium herbaceum
. The precise place and time of their domestication are still unknown, but genetic, archaeological, and textual sources allow the tracing of the first uses, dating back to the sixth to fourth millennia
bce
in the Indian subcontinent, the late emergence and dispersal of cotton in Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Africa from the first millennium
bce
onward, and the spread of cotton production during the medieval period in western Africa and the Mediterranean regions. Different written sources indicate that cotton was cultivated as a perennial crop in the form of trees or shrubs and that its production probably required less water than today.
Tichitt‐Walata (
Dhar
, Mauritania)
Authors: Amblard‐Pison Sylvie
Published: March 2023

During the second half of the Holocene, the
Dhar
(cliffs) Tichitt and Walata (southeastern Mauritania) constituted a refuge area for human populations in the increasingly arid southern Sahara, essentially between the third and first millennium
bce
. Besides open‐air sites in the
Baten
, more than 400 villages with thick dry‐stone walls were built on the edge of the
Dhar
. Sedentary populations practiced breeding (bovines, ovi‐caprines) and agriculture (pearl millet), which was possible thanks to the hydrological system linked to the cliff. The lithic artifacts, made with local rocks, include small and heavier tools, arrows, and an abundance of grinding equipment. Bone tools are varied but rare. Adornment is present. In the decorated round‐bottomed pottery items, the abundant vegetable temper included in the clay left impressions of domesticated
Pennisetum
(pearl millet). Terracotta figurines represent ovi‐caprines and bovines. On the plateau, fields enclosed by walls have soils resulting from an anthropogenic transport of sediments from the
Baten
to the
Dhar
for growing; small turriform gardens, surrounded by stones, with a filling of same nature, are reminiscent of those of the present Dogon of Mali. In this refuge area, these village communities were able to adapt, from the earliest stage of occupation, to manage resources, produce others, and store them (in jars and granaries). When anthropogenic pressure on the environment became too strong and water sources dried up, human groups left the region following the
Baten
toward the
Dhar
Tagant and Nema, west and south‐southwest extensions of these cliffs, where evidence attests to this.
Kollam Plates
Authors: Veluthat Kesavan
Published: March 2023

The Kollam Plates, a set of five inscribed copper plates dating from the middle of the ninth century
ce
, record the grant of some land and several privileges to traders and a Christian church in the town of Kollam in Kerala. It is attested in three West Asian scripts and languages: Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew. This is an important document for studying the Indian Ocean trade. It also sheds considerable light on the history of Kerala.
Politics and Polity in Early Central Himalayan Region
Authors: Jhanjh Dev Kumar
Published: March 2023

This entry focuses on the early history of the central Himalayan region, with the specific aim of understanding the pre‐state scenario, the transition to “state society,” and the consolidation of the state through institutional structure. The entry examines the causality of religious, social, and political‐economic factors that resulted in the state formation processes in a particular context.
Intelligent online selling point extraction and generation for e‐commerce recommendation
Authors: Guo Xiaojie , Wang Shugen , Zhao Hanqing , Diao Shiliang , Chen Jiajia , Ding Zhuoye , He Zhen , Lu Jianchao , Xiao Yun , Long Bo , Yu Han , Wu Lingfei
Published: March 2023

During the past decade, great significant advancements have been witnessed in the domain of automatic product description generation. As the services provided by e‐commerce platforms become diverse, it is necessary to dynamically adapt the patterns of descriptions generated. The selling point of products is an important type of product description for which the length should be as short as possible while still conveying key information. In addition, this kind of product description should be eye‐catching to the readers. Currently, product selling points are normally written by human experts. Thus, the creation and maintenance of these contents incur high costs. These costs can be significantly reduced if product selling points can be automatically generated by machines. In this paper, we report our experience developing and deploying the intelligent online selling point extraction (IOSPE) system to serve the recommendation system in the JD.com e‐commerce platform. In addition, an interactive tool is released for merchants in JD.COM, which additionally allow them to select and customize the selling points with flexibility. Since July 2020, IOSPE has become a core service for 62 key categories of products (covering more than four million products). So far, it has generated more than 0.1 billion selling points, thereby significantly scaling up the selling point creation operation and saving human labor. These IOSPE‐generated selling points have increased the click‐through rate (CTR) by 1.89% and the average duration the customers spent on the products by more than 2.03% compared to the previous practice, which are significant improvements for such a large‐scale e‐commerce platform.
AAPM task group report 305: Guidance for standardization of vendor‐neutral reject analysis in radiography
Authors: Little Kevin , Reiser Ingrid , Apgar Bruce , Dalal Poonam , Dave Jaydev , Fisher Ryan , Hulme Katie , Jafari Mary Ellen , Marshall Emily , Meyer Stephen , Moore Quentin , Murphy Nicole , Nishino Thomas , Nye Katelyn , O'Donnell Kevin , Sabol John , Sanchez Adrian , Sensakovic William , Tarbox Lawrence , Uzenoff Robert , Walz‐Flannigan Alisa , Willis Charles , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2023

Reject rate analysis is considered an integral part of a diagnostic radiography quality control (QC) program. A rejected image is a patient radiograph that was not presented to a radiologist for diagnosis and that contributes unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. Reject rates that are either too high or too low may suggest systemic department shortcomings in QC mechanisms. Due to the lack of standardization, reject data often cannot be easily compared between radiography systems from different vendors. The purpose of this report is to provide guidance to help standardize data elements that are required for comprehensive reject analysis and to propose data reporting and workflows to enable an effective and comprehensive reject rate monitoring program. Essential data elements, a proposed schema for classifying reject reasons, and workflow implementation options are recommended in this task group report.
Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials for Tunable Optical Transmittance
Authors: Forte Antonio Elia , Melancon David , Zanati Mohamed , De Giorgi Marta , Bertoldi Katia
Published: March 2023

Flexible metamaterials have been increasingly harnessed to create functionality through their tunable and unconventional response. Herein, chiral unit cells based on Archimedean spirals are employed to transform a linear displacement into twisting. First, the effect of geometry on such extension‐twisting coupling is investigated. This unravels a wide range of highly nonlinear behaviors that can be programmed. Additionally, it is demonstrated that by combining the spirals with polarizing films one can create mechanical pixels capable of modulating the transmission of light through deformation. Guided by experiments and numerical analyses, pixels are arranged in 2D arrays to realize black and white and color displays, which reveal distinct images at different states of deformation. As such, the study puts forward a methodology for the design of an emerging class of flexible devices that can convert nonlinear elastic deformation to tunable optical transmittance.
Bio‐Inspired Active Self‐Cleaning Surfaces via Filament‐Like Sweepers Array
Authors: Wu Qingshan , Yan Hao , Chen Lie , Qi Shuanhu , Zhao Tianyi , Jiang Lei , Liu Mingjie
Published: March 2023

Hydrodynamic forces from moving fluids can be utilized to remove contaminants which is an ideal fouling‐release strategy for underwater surfaces. However, the hydrodynamic forces in the viscous sublayer are greatly reduced owing to the no‐slip condition, which restricts their practical applications. Here, inspired by sweeper tentacles of corals, an active self‐cleaning surface with flexible filament‐like sweepers are reported. The sweepers can penetrate the viscous sublayer by utilizing energy from outer turbulent flows and remove contaminants with adhesion strength of >30 kPa. Under an oscillating flow, the removal rate of the single sweeper can reach up to 99.5% due to dynamic buckling movements. In addition, the sweepers array can completely clean its coverage area within 10 s through coordinated movements as symplectic waves. The active self‐cleaning surface depends on the fluid‐structure coupling between sweepers and flows, which breaks the concept of conventional self‐cleaning.
Self‐Assembled Macrocyclic Copper Complex Enables Homogeneous Catalysis for High‐Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Huang Xiehe , Zheng Mengting , Zhang Shan‐Qing , Yang Ying , Lu Jun
Published: March 2023

The practical viability of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries stipulates the use of a high‐loading cathode and lean electrolyte. However, under such harsh conditions, the liquid–solid sulfur redox reaction is much retarded due to the poor sulfur and polysulfides utilization, leading to low capacity and fast fading. Herein, a self‐assembled macrocyclic Cu(II) complex (CuL) is designed as an effective catalyst to homogenize and maximize the liquid‐involving reaction. The Cu(II) ion coordinated with four N atoms features a planar hybridization, showing a strong bonding affinity toward lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) along the orbital via steric effects. Such a structure not only lowers the energy barrier of the liquid–solid conversion (Li2S4 to Li2S2) but also guides a 3D deposition of Li2S2/Li2S. As such, with a 1 wt% electrolyte additive of CuL, a high initial capacity of 925 mAh g−1 and areal capacity of 9.62 mAh cm−2 with a low decay of 0.3%/cycle can be achieved under a high sulfur loading of 10.4 mg cm−2 and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6 µL mgs−1. This work is expected to inspire the design of homogenous catalysts and accelerate the uptake of high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries.
Ultra‐Small High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles: Efficient Nanozyme for Enhancing Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ai Yongjian , He Meng‐Qi , Sun Hua , Jia Xiaomeng , Wu Lei , Zhang Xinyue , Sun Hong‐bin , Liang Qionglin
Published: March 2023

High‐entropy alloys nanoparticles (HEANPs) are receiving extensive attention due to their broad compositional tunability and unlimited potential in bioapplication. However, developing new methods to prepare ultra‐small high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles (US‐HEANPs) faces severe challenges owing to their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Furthermore, there are few reports on studying the effect of HEANPs in tumor therapy. Herein, the fabricated PtPdRuRhIr US‐HEANPs act as bifunctional nanoplatforms for the highly efficient treatment of tumors. The US‐HEANPs are engineered by the universal metal‐ligand cross‐linking strategy. This simple and scalable strategy is based on the aldol condensation of organometallics to form the target US‐HEANPs. The synthesized US‐HEANPs exhibit excellent peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity and can catalyze the endogenous hydrogen peroxide to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the US‐HEANPs possess a high photothermal conversion effect for converting 808 nm near‐infrared light into heat energy. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that under the synergistic effect of POD‐like activity and photothermal action, the US‐HEANPs can effectively ablate cancer cells and treat tumors. It is believed that this work not only provides a new perspective for the fabrication of HEANPs, but also opens the high‐entropy nanozymes research direction and their biomedical application.
Dynamical Behavior of Pure Spin Current in Organic Materials
Authors: Zheng Naihang , Liu Haoliang , Zeng Yu‐Jia
Published: March 2023

Growing concentration on the novel information processing technology and low‐cost, flexible materials make the spintronics and organic materials appealing for the future interdisciplinary investigations. Organic spintronics, in this context, has arisen and witnessed great advances during the past two decades owing to the continuous innovative exploitation of the charge‐contained spin polarized current. Albeit with such inspiring facts, charge‐absent spin angular momentum flow, namely pure spin currents (PSCs) are less probed in organic functional solids. In this review, the past exploring journey of PSC phenomenon in organic materials are retrospected, including non‐magnetic semiconductors and molecular magnets. Starting with the basic concepts and the generation mechanism for PSC, the representative experimental observations of PSC in the organic‐based networks are subsequently demonstrated and summarized, by accompanying explicit discussion over the propagating mechanism of net spin itself in the organic media. Finally, future perspectives on PSC in organic materials are illustrated mainly from the material point of view, including single molecule magnets, complexes for the organic ligands framework as well as the lanthanide metal complexes, organic radicals, and the emerging 2D organic magnets.
Kinetic‐Controlled Crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 Inducing Preferred Crystallographic Orientation Enhances Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Shin Sooeun , Seo Seongrok , Jeong Seonghwa , Sharbirin Anir S. , Kim Jeongyong , Ahn Hyungju , Park Nam‐Gyu , Shin Hyunjung
Published: March 2023

Crystallization kinetic controls the crystallographic orientation, inducing anisotropic properties of the materials. As a result, preferential orientation with advanced optoelectronic properties can enhance the photovoltaic devices' performance. Although incorporation of additives is one of the most studied methods to stabilize the photoactive α‐phase of formamidinium lead tri‐iodide (α‐FAPbI3), no studies focus on how the additives affect the crystallization kinetics. Along with the role of methylammonium chloride (MACl) as a “stabilizer” in the formation of α‐FAPbI3, herein, the additional role as a “controller” in the crystallization kinetics is pointed out. With microscopic observations, for example, electron backscatter diffraction and selected area electron diffraction, it is examined that higher concentration of MACl induces slower crystallization kinetics, resulting in larger grain size and [100] preferred orientation. Optoelectronic properties of [100] preferentially oriented grains with less non‐radiative recombination, a longer lifetime of charge carriers, and lower photocurrent deviations in between each grain induce higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor. Resulting MACl40 mol% attains the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.1%. The results provide observations of a direct correlation between the crystallographic orientation and device performance as it highlights the importance of crystallization kinetics resulting in desirable microstructures for device engineering.
A Functional Prelithiation Separator Promises Sustainable High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Qinghai , Fan Min , Chang Xin , Li Hongliang , Wang Wen‐Peng , Zhu Yu‐Hui , Wan Jing , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Wen Rui , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: March 2023

High‐energy lithium‐ion batteries built with silicon‐based anode materials are usually associated with short cycle lives due to mechanical failure at an anode level and more importantly, due to electrochemical failure at a cell level as a result of irreversible consumption of cathode Li during initial charge. (Electro)chemical prelithiation has shown promises to compensate initial Li loss and improve cycling performance of the battery. However, previous strategies applied directly at anode or cathode could raise concerns on safety and degraded electrode structure, and are less compatible with industrial manufacture of batteries. Here, a new concept of prelithiation by lithiation agents supported functional separator, which is highly adaptive to electrode preparation, battery manufacture and formation, and is capable of, by simply adjusting cell voltage, not only replenishing cathode Li loss but re‐uptaking anode Li to inhibit local over‐lithiation and dendrite formation, is shown. By employing the functional separator, a 3‐Ah Li‐ion pouch cell that pairs a silicon‐based anode and a high‐nickel layered oxide cathode demonstrates stable energy output of >330 Wh kg−1 and much improved cycling performance.
Exploring participant experience to optimize the design and delivery of stress exposure simulations in emergency medicine
Authors: Brazil Victoria , Orr Robin , Canetti Elisa F. D. , Isaacson Warwick , Stevenson Nikki , Purdy Eve
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Emergency department (ED) teams frequently perform under conditions of high stress. Stress exposure simulation (SES) is specifically designed to train recognition and management of stress responses under these conditions. Current approaches to design and delivery of SES in emergency medicine are based on principles derived from other contexts and from anecdotal experience. However, the optimal design and delivery of SES in emergency medicine are not known. We aimed to explore participant experience to inform our approach.

Methods

We performed an exploratory study in our Australian ED with doctors and nurses participating in SES sessions. We used a three‐part framework—sources of stress, the impacts of that stress, and the strategies to mitigate—to inform our SES design and delivery and to guide our exploration of participant experience. Data were collected through a narrative survey and participant interviews and analyzed thematically.

Results

There were 23 total participants (doctors n = 12, nurses n = 11) across the three sessions. Sixteen survey responses and eight interview transcripts were analyzed, each with equal numbers of doctors and nurses. Five themes were identified in data analysis: (1) experience of stress, (2) managing stress, (3) design and delivery of SES, (4) learning conversations, and (5) transfer to practice.

Conclusions

We suggest that design and delivery of SES should follow health care simulation best practice, with stress adequately induced by authentic clinical scenarios and to avoid trickery or adding extraneous cognitive load. Facilitators leading learning conversations in SES sessions should develop a deep understanding of stress and emotional activation and focus on team‐based strategies to mitigate harmful impacts of stress on performance.
Molecular simulation of confined ethaline‐based deep eutectic solvents for separations of carbon dioxide from methane
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Hung Francisco R.
Published: March 2023

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the separation of carbon dioxide from methane by three formulations of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) ethaline (choline chloride: ethylene glycol at 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 molar ratios), confined inside graphite and titania (rutile) slit pores of two different pore widths, 2 and 5 nm. In addition, equivalent DES systems in the bulk were studied, which can also be viewed as a model supported DES membrane with μm‐sized pores. Our results indicate that variations in the ratio of ethylene glycol, which in turn affect the interactions of all DES species with the gas molecules and the different pore walls, plus confinement effects resulting from varying the pore sizes, can affect the gas separation performance of these systems in complex ways. The highest permselectivities (~20), computed as the product of the diffusivity and solubility selectivities, are observed for 1:2 ethaline in a 5 nm graphite pore, followed by the 1:4 DES in a 5 nm graphite pore, 1:2 ethaline in a 2 nm graphite pore, and the 1:8 bulk DES. In bulk systems, all three selectivities reach their highest values for 1:8 ethaline. When the DESs are confined in the nanopores, the solubility selectivity for most systems improves compared to the equivalent bulk systems, with the graphite pores having the largest solubility selectivities for any given ethylene glycol ratio. In contrast, the diffusivity selectivities in confined systems tend to be similar to the values observed in the bulk DESs. Interaction energies and local density profiles were used to rationalize absorption and diffusivity of gases in our systems. Confining ethaline in graphite and rutile nanopores tends to weaken the CO2‐ethylene glycol and CO2‐cation interactions compared to the values observed in equivalent bulk ethaline systems, which also affect the local density profiles. Our results confirm that variations in ethylene glycol ratio, pore size, and pore wall material can lead to significant changes in gas separation performance. Other porous matrices, for example, nanoporous polymer formulations and graphene oxides, should be considered in follow‐up studies as they may lead to significant improvements in gas separation performance as compared to the bulk DES.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Paternò‐Büchi Reaction of Anthraquinones for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxetanes
Authors: Xu Xiangwen , Yang Fanyuanhang , Zhang Xiaofeng , Gao Yuzhen , Su Weiping
Published: March 2023

Reported here is a general visible‐light‐induced Paternò‐Büchi reaction between anthraquinones and olefins lead to the formation of diverse anthraquinone‐based spirocyclic oxetanes which served as an important scaffold in natural drugs and products. This approach negates the need for UV light, thus overcome the synthetic limitations of the traditional Paternò‐Büchi reaction. Therefore, the method reported here is characterized by high regioselectivity, simple operations, mild conditions and broad scope.
Recent Progress in Synthesis of Conjugated Ladder Polymers
Authors: Lee Jongbok
Published: March 2023

Conjugated ladder polymers (cLPs) are macromolecules consisting of fully fused aromatic backbones, which have emerged as an intriguing research area due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. They possess a highly ordered, ladder‐like structure, which leads to improved charge transport properties and enhanced stability compared to conventional conjugated polymers. The synthesis of cLPs involves two main strategies: single‐step ladderization and stepwise ladderization. However, due to the extremely low solubility of the desired cLPs and the limited synthetic methods for preparing defect‐free cLPs, the field of solution‐based synthesis and processing of cLPs encountered synthetic and processing challenges. This review provides an overview of recent achievements in the synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers, emphasizing the challenges and potential in this fascinating field of research.
Design of Threonine‐Derived Amino Sulfonamide Organocatalysts for the Highly Stereoselective Aldol Reactions
Authors: Hikawa Ryoga , Shimogaki Mio , Kano Taichi
Published: March 2023

Novel threonine‐derived amino sulfonamide organocatalysts were developed and applied to the asymmetric aldol reactions. The reactions of cyclohexanones with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by the threonine‐derived tosylamide provided anti‐aldol adducts in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. On the other hand, syn‐aldol adducts were obtained in the reactions between α‐siloxyacetone and aromatic aldehydes using threonine‐derived triflamide catalyst. In both cases, a significant improvement in diastereoselectivity was observed compared to threonine‐derived carboxylic acid catalyst.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Formal Hydroamination of N,N‐Disubstituted Acrylamides to α‐Tertiary‐α‐Aminolactam and β‐Aminoamide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shan , Shi Lou , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Shu Wei
Published: March 2023

Enantioenriched α‐tertiary‐α‐aminoacid and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoacid derivatives play an important role in biological science and pharmaceutical chemistry. Thus, the development of methods for their synthesis is highly valuable and yet remains challenging. Herein, an unprecedented catalyst‐controlled regiodivergent and enantioselective formal hydroamination of N,N‐disubstituted acrylamides with aminating agents has been developed, accessing enantioenriched α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives. Sterically‐disfavored and electronically‐disfavored enantioselective hydroamination of electron‐deficient alkenes have been successfully tuned using different transition metals and chiral ligands. Notably, extremely hindered aliphatic α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam derivatives were synthesized by Cu−H catalyzed asymmetric C−N bond forming with tertiary alkyl species. Enantioenriched α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives have been accessed by Ni−H catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov‐selective formal hydroaminations of alkenes. This set of reactions tolerates a wide range of functional groups to deliver diverse α‐tertiary‐α‐aminolactam and α‐chiral‐β‐aminoamide derivatives in good yields with high levels of enantioselectivity.
Brønsted Acid Catalysis—Controlling the Competition between Monomeric versus Dimeric Reaction Pathways Enhances Stereoselectivities
Authors: Franta Maximilian , Gramüller Johannes , Dullinger Philipp , Kaltenberger Simon , Horinek Dominik , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: March 2023

Chiral phosphoric acids (CPA) have become a privileged catalyst type in organocatalysis, but the selection of the optimum catalyst is still challenging. So far hidden competing reaction pathways may limit the maximum stereoselectivities and the potential of prediction models. In CPA‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of imines, we identified for many systems two reaction pathways with inverse stereoselectivity, featuring as active catalyst either one CPA or a hydrogen bond bridged dimer. NMR measurements and DFT calculations revealed the dimeric intermediate and a stronger substrate activation via cooperativity. Both pathways are separable: Low temperatures and high catalysts loadings favor the dimeric pathway (ee up to −98 %), while low temperatures with reduced catalyst loading favor the monomeric pathway and give significantly enhanced ee (92–99 % ee; prior 68–86 % at higher temperatures). Thus, a broad impact is expected on CPA catalysis regarding reaction optimization and prediction.
Edible oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized by hydrophile–lipophile balanced sucrose ester
Authors: Hu Xin , Binks Bernard P. , Cui Zhenggang
Published: March 2023

Conventional emulsions are mostly stabilized by surfactants and for stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions the surfactants should be hydrophilic or with HLB numbers larger than seven. In this work, we report that edible oil‐in‐water emulsions can also be stabilized by surfactants with an HLB value close to seven. With edible sucrose ester C‐1807 (HLB no. = 7) as emulsifier and three edible oils (canola oil, olive oil, soybean oil), edible oil‐in‐water emulsions can be stabilized by C‐1807 at concentrations beyond its critical aggregation concentration (CAC). Although monomeric C‐1807 behaves as an inferior emulsifier, they assemble to form multilamellar vesicles in water at concentrations higher than the CAC giving a viscoelastic/gel‐like aqueous phase which is partly responsible for emulsion stabilization. Specifically, at 2 wt%, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with ϕo = 0.75 can be obtained, which are stable against cooling–heating cycles between 5 and 30°C during storage. The vesicles disperse in the aqueous lamellae surrounding the oil droplets, which together with the viscoelastic/gel‐like continuous phase prevents them from flocculation and coalescence.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activities of Indole and Indazole‐Based Stilbenes
Authors: Ma Zongchen , Zhang Wenjie , Han Xiao , Chen Yu , Li Guoqiang
Published: March 2023

To develop new highly effective anticancer agents derived from naturally occurring stilbene scaffold, in total of 24 indole and indazole‐based stilbenes including 17 new compounds were designed according to molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized via Witting reaction. The cytotoxic screening results against human tumor cell lines (K562 cells and MDA‐MB‐231 cells) showed that indole and indazole‐based stilbenes are of great interest for developing anticancer agents as eight derivatives possessed strong antiproliferative activities with IC50 values less than 10 μM, and those synthetic derivatives displayed more higher cytotoxicities against K562 cells than MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In particular, indole‐based stilbene bearing piperidine exhibited the most potent cytotoxicities against both K562 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50 values 2.4 μM and 2.18 μM, respectively, along with a remarkable selectivity towards human normal L‐02 cells. Together, the results suggested that indole and indazole‐based stilbenes are promising anticancer scaffolds worthy of further investigation.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair predicts residual mitral regurgitation
Authors: Meijerink Frank , Holierook Marja , Eberl Susanne , Robbers‐Visser Daniëlle , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Beijk Marcel A. M. , Koch Karel T. , de Winter Robbert J. , Bouma Berto J. , Baan Jan
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The current study sought to determine whether low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (TMVR) can predict residual mitral regurgitation (MR) at discharge.

Background

In most patients, TMVR can successfully reduce MR from severe to mild or moderate. However, general anesthesia during the intervention affects hemodynamics and MR assessment. At discharge transthoracic echocardiogram residual MR (>moderate) is present in 10%–30% of patients which is associated with worse clinical outcome.

Methods

In consecutive patients the severity of MR was determined at baseline, immediately after TMVR clip implantation and subsequently during low‐dose DSE (both under general anesthesia) and at discharge.

Results

A total of 39 patients were included (mean age 76.1 ± 8.1 years, 39% male, 56% functional MR, 41% left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%). An increase of MR during DSE was seen in 11 patients, of whom 6 (55%) showed >moderate MR at discharge. None of the 28 patients without an increase of MR during DSE showed >moderate MR at discharge. The diagnostic performance of the test could be established at a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85% in unselected patients.

Conclusions

DSE during TMVR is a useful tool to predict residual MR at discharge. It could support procedural decision making, including implantation of additional clips and thus potentially improve clinical outcome.
Strategies and techniques for percutaneous Veno‐Arterial ECMO cannulation and decannulation in children
Authors: Buyukgoz Cihangir , Sandhu Hitesh , Shah Samir , Rower Katy , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Waller B. Rush , Kiene Ashley , Knott‐Craig Christopher , Boston Umar , Sathanandam Shyam
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To describe the techniques used for percutaneous veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) cannulation and decannulation in children with the pediatric interventional cardiologist (PIC) as the primary operator, and present outcomes of this initial clinical experience.

Background

Percutaneous VA‐ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been successfully performed in adults, but currently, not much data exists on children.

Methods

This is a single‐center study including VA‐ECMO cannulations performed by the PIC between 2019 and 2021. Efficacy was defined as the successful initiation of VA‐ECMO without surgical cutdown. Safety was defined as the absence of additional procedures related to cannulation.

Results

Twenty‐three percutaneous VA‐ECMO cannulations were performed by PIC on 20 children with 100% success. Fourteen (61%) were performed during ongoing CPR, and nine for cardiogenic shock. The Median age was 15 (0.15–18) years, and the median weight was 65 (3.3–180) kg. All arterial cannulations were via the femoral artery except in one, 8‐week‐old infant who was cannulated in the carotid artery. A distal perfusion cannula was placed in the ipsilateral limb in 17 (78%). The median time from initiating cannulation to ECMO flow was 35 (13–112) minutes. Two patients required arterial graft placement at the time of decannulation and one needed below‐knee amputation. ECMO support was maintained for a median of 4 (0.3–38) days. Thirty‐day survival was 74%.

Conclusion

Percutaneous VA‐ECMO cannulations can be effectively performed, even during CPR with the Pediatric Interventional Cardiologist being the primary operator. This is an initial clinical experience. Future outcome studies compared with standard surgical cannulations are necessary to advocate routine percutaneous VA‐ECMO in children.
Zero‐contrast IVUS‐guided complex PCI in a patient with NSTE‐ACS and severe renal impairment
Authors: Moretti Francesco , Rondi Mauro , Ottani Filippo
Published: March 2023

A 76‐year‐old male with severe comorbidities and multiple cardiovascular risk factors including stage IV chronic kidney disease presents with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. An ultra‐low contrast invasive coronary angiography using the DyeVert system and iso‐osmolar contrast agent revealed a multivessel disease with heavy calcifications involving the left main stem and its bifurcation requiring a complex percutaneous coronary intervention. Because of the high risk of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury, a zero‐contrast intervention was performed using intravascular ultrasound guidance and dedicated stenting techniques with optimal imaging, clinical, and renal outcomes. Zero‐contrast policies can be safely implemented even in complex clinical scenarios but at least two orthogonal angiographic projections should always be acquired to rule out distal complications.
Takayasu arteritis in peripartum period—A clinical paradox
Authors: Sivanandam Lokesh Koumar , Reddy Naresh Kumar , Vaddepalli Ratnasree , Sanker Vivek , Mansoor Anjuman Amina , Gupta Umang
Published: March 2023

Takayasu arteritis is a primary systemic vasculitides occurring among women in the childbearing age group. This interaction between TA and pregnancy is an area of interest that has to be addressed. Preconception and antepartum management of arterial hypertension and TAK disease activity is important to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Generalized morphea following COVID‐19 vaccine: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alhayaza Raid , Alhayaza Ghada , Algarni Abdullah , Alhumidi Ahmed , AlHarithy Ruaa
Published: March 2023

Physicians should be vigilant for COVID‐19 vaccine side effects and investigate any associated cutaneous manifestations. This will ultimately facilitate better understanding and recognition of various skin reactions related to the vaccine.
A patient with chest pain and a high‐risk ECG pattern: The Wellens' syndrome
Authors: Baasen Sven , Stern Manuel , Veulemans Verena , Bönner Florian , Kelm Malte , Busch Lucas
Published: March 2023

This case highlights the ECG interpretation in acute coronary syndrome absence from ST – elevation myocardial infarction. A patient with acute chest pain and biphasic T – waves or deep inverted T‐ waves in V2–V3 is at risk for myocardial infarction. Timely cardiological assessment and coronary angiography is required.
Masked polycythemia vera due to iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Hotta Koma , Shikino Kiyoshi , Niwa Ryotaro
Published: March 2023

A 74‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for leukocytosis that occurred for the past one year. Oral iron supplementation was started as iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but three months later, physical examination revealed flushing of the skin on her hands. Finally polycythemia vera (PV) with IDA was diagnosed. There have been reports of PV combined with IDA, which can mask diagnosis and delay treatment because of the lack of symptoms and the anemic presentation. Several possibilities for the pathogenesis of IDA associated with PV have been proposed, including the presence of Helicobacter pylori.
RETRACTED: Rare tapeworm segments case report and review of literature
Authors: Gaffer Ahmed Ali
Published: March 2023

Misidentification of intestinal parasites, especially worm infections, is major cause of diarrhea, nutritional anemia, and weight loss. Neglecting diarrhea as irritable bowel disease is common in our community, especially in adult patients after the exclusion of many GIT diseases. In poor sanitary conditions, continuous screening of intestinal parasites with well‐trained lab specialists is crucial with empirical worm treatment in patients with worm symptoms.
2‐Hydroxyadipic Acid Production by Oxidation of 2‐Hydroxycyclohexanone with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Hashimoto Koki , Hatakeyama Kosuke , Yabushita Mizuho , Tomishige Keiichi , Nakagawa Yoshinao
Published: March 2023

Oxidation of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone (2‐HCO) which can be synthesized from both petroleum and biomass was investigated with heteropolyacids and oxygen as catalysts and oxidant, respectively. 2‐Hydroxyadipic acid (2‐HAA) was obtained in moderate yields, and H4PVW11O40 gave the highest yield (39 %). 2‐HAA is a dicarboxylic acid expected to be a monomer, and this work is the first report for production of 2‐HAA by catalytic oxidation reactions. The oxidation of 1,2‐cyclohexanedione (CHDO), which is a potential intermediate of 2‐HCO oxidation, produced similar yield of 2‐HAA even without catalyst. The effects of catalyst amount (first order), oxygen pressure (almost zero order) and the addition of radical scavenger (no effect) on the 2‐HCO oxidation with H4PVW11O40 catalyst were similar to those in a related case of 2‐methoxycyclohexanone oxidation to adipic acid with heteropolyacid catalyst. 2‐HCO is proposed to be oxidized to CHDO as a precursor of 2‐HAA in a similar mechanism to 2‐methoxycyclohexanone oxidation.
Design of ZnIn2S4@N−Fe3C Nanorods‐Embedded Nanocages Assemblies for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Varma Pooja , Gopannagari Madhusudana , Reddy K. Arun Joshi , Kim Tae Kyu , Reddy D. Amaranatha
Published: March 2023

Cocatalyst materials can promote the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and accelerate the catalytically active sites of semiconductor photocatalysts. However, it is critical to make low‐cost, noble‐metal‐free materials with high catalytic reactivity, yet this task is extremely difficult to do. Herein, an effective photocatalytic hydrogen generation process has been developed using N‐doped Fe3C (N−Fe3C) nanocages adorned with ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets produced from a dual metal organic framework. In addition, the highly porous hybrid structure developed gives a large number of active sites for catalytic reduction events, and light scattering can be used to better capture visible light. Due to their improved solar‐driven hydrogen evolution rate (9,600 μmol h−1 g−1) and apparent quantum efficiency (3.6 %), these structures are superior to those of Pt noble‐metal co‐catalytic systems and ZnIn2S4‐based nanohybrids, which were previously reported.
Metal‐Stabilized Thiyl Radicals Design Inspired by Elemental Periodic Extension Notion for Ligand‐Based Alkene Addition
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Xuelian , Guo Zeyi , Kong Deqing , Wang Junfei , Lu Yazhu , Wang Yingke , Xu Cheng , Zhu Luyi , Guan Jia
Published: March 2023

Inspired by alkene addition to the Ru and Re tris(thiolate) complexes via carbon‐sulfur bond formation/cleavage reactions along with a periodic extension catalysis notion, a comparative study of the electronic structures, mechanisms, and reactivities for ethylene addition to the Os and Tc tris(thiolate) complexes was performed by DFT and high‐level ab initio quantum calculations. The oxidized Os and Tc complexes were revealed to exhibit sufficient radical characters on the ligands to support their reaction with ethylene, whereas neutral Tc tris(thiolate) complex featuring little thiyl radical character renders no reactivity toward ethylene. Differential reactivities of these tris(thiolate) complexes was deemed to derive from the synergy of the thiyl radical character, the electronegativity, the row, and the charge. Extending from Ru and Re tris(thiolate) complexes to their Os and Tc counterparts can help us to get insightful rationales that would promote further research on alkene addition to metal‐stabilized thiyl radicals.