bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oil Price Shocks and Energy Stock Returns of ASEAN-5 Countries: Evidence from Ready’s (2018) Decomposition Technique in a Markov Regime Switching Framework
Authors: Azhari Adilah , Azman Aziz Mukhriz Izraf , Cheah Yong Kang , Shahiri Hazrul
Published: May 2021

The present study applies a new decomposition technique by Ready (2018) to estimate the impact of oil price shocks on stock return in a Markov Regime Switching framework. The approach solves certain shortcomings of the novel procedure from Kilian by incorporating daily forward-looking prices of traded financial asset. The regime switching regression provides the evidence of strong nonlinear association of stock returns to risk shocks and demand shocks despite the absence of strong regime effects. We also demonstrate that positive demand shocks increase stock returns, whereas positive risk shocks negatively impact stock returns. For supply shocks, findings show that oil supply shocks do not significantly impact stock returns for Malaysia and Singapore. For Indonesia, supply shocks have a significant positive effect only in high volatility state. In the case of Thailand and the Philippines, the effects of supply shocks are negative and significant in high volatility state; but are not significant in low volatility state. Overall, our results suggest that demand shock has a greater economic impact than supply and risk shocks as demonstrated previously by Kilian and Park and Ready.
The problem of vicarious and other categories of species of Euonymus L. (Celastraceae) from Northern Eurasia: The carpological approach
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Savinov Ivan A. , Trusov Nikolai A. ,   Tsytsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, Yembaturova Elena Yu. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: May 2021

Among the species of Euonymus L. of the flora of Russia and adjacent territories, various scholars identify vicarious, endemic and relict species; their arguments and proofs are often incomplete and controversial. The present paper is dedicated to the critical analysis of all available data used for the substantiation of the status (category) of a given species. The authors employ both original and literature data on morphology, anatomy, chromosome numbers, DNA sequences, geography and ecology of species of Euonymus. The complex of morphological and anatomical traits of fruits instrumental for the existence of closely related species in different conditions is analyzed. Special focus is paid to the correlation between the size of geographical range, fruit and seed structure and dispersal type is discussed, as well as other factors (historical, ecological) affecting taxa migration. This determines the resolving capabilities of carpological approach developed by the authors. As a result of our research, we came to the following conclusions: E. europaeus, E. maackii, E. sieboldianus and E. bungeanus are georgraphic vicariants; E. hamiltonianus and E. sieboldianus are ecological vicariants; E. velutinus is not a vicarious species; E. verrucosus and E. pauciflorus are not vicarious; E. alatus and E. sacrosanctus are hereby considered ecological vicariants; E. nanus and E. koopmannii are geographic vicariants; E. leiophloeus are apparently not vicarious; E. latifolius, E. sachalinensis and E. maximowiczianus are hereby treated as geographic vicariants. E. leiophloeus appears to be a regional endemic; we consider E. maximowiczianus and E. velutinus to be subendemic species. Additionally, E. nanus is considered as relict taxon.
Development of soybean somatic embryos under different light spectra
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Micheeva Anastasiya V. , Nakonechnaya Olga V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Subbotin Evgeniy P ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS, Grishchenko Olga V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Gafitskaya Irina V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Kulchin Yuri N. ,   Institute of Automation and Control Processes FEB RAS
Published: May 2021

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. 'Primorskaya 28') plantlet development from somatic embryos (embryoids) under different spectra was studied. Light irradiation with intensity of 48 μmol/(m2·s) was generated by LEDs (light emitting diodes) with various spectra: cold white (CW), white (W), warm white (WW), full spectrum (FS, 450 nm and 660 nm), red (R, 630 nm), blue (B, 440 nm), and sun box (SB, close to the sun spectrum at wavelength range 440–660 nm). Fluorescent lamps were used as a control illumination (K). Our results showed that experimental LED lights with different spectra possessed the potential to positively affect the development of soybean plantlets from embryoid phase to a full-fledged plantlet, ready to be transferred into soil. The best effect was observed for the FS, which provided development of the highest plantlets. SB light was promising after one month of cultivation, but provided no significant differences in plantlets growth at the end of the experiment. A tendency to the lower growth was observed for plantlets under CW, W, WW, and K. Red light did not provide notable shoot elongation, as was supposed to. Investigations will be continued to clarify and refine the obtained data on the effect of light spectra on soybean plantlet development from embryoids.
TOURISM IN THE SYSTEM OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Liubitseva Olha , Syrovets Sergey , Urbanska Diana
Published: May 2021

Goal. Describe the areas of cross-border cooperation of Ukraine in the field of recreation and tourism. Many publications of both foreign and domestic authors, mainly of economic and legal content, are devoted to the study of cross-border and later cross-border cooperation. activities.

The method consisted of processing the literary and statistical material collected by the authors on border and transit traffic as components of export-import relations in the field of travel and their infrastructure, as well as the formation and promotion of tourist products formed to get acquainted with neighboring Ukrainian ethnic lands.

Scientific novelty. New approaches to the consideration of cross-border cooperation in the field of tourism and recreation through the prism of cross-border cooperation of Ukraine with neighboring countries are proposed. An example of the development of cross-border cooperation is the development of a cross-border tour between the Verkhovyna district of Ivano-Frankivsk region and the Maramures district of Romania in the Marmara region. One of the ways to intensify international tourism is the use of cross-border natural and recreational and historical and cultural, especially ethnographic, resources through the formation of a comprehensive tourism product in the segment of cognitive tourism.

Results. The provision of the state border of Ukraine with checkpoints and control is described, as well as a regional analysis of the main partner countries of Ukraine in the market of tourist services, developed a technological map of the tourist route "From Verkhovyna, shrouded in legends, to the impressive Maramures."

The practical significance lies in paying attention to the possibilities of cross-border cooperation of Ukraine with neighboring countries, especially on the western border, on the joint use of border areas for the development of recreational activities and tourism. Cross-border cooperation in the field of recreation and tourism involves the joint use of border areas for recreational and tourist purposes. These can include border tourist traffic, transit traffic through checkpoints and the organization of tours in the border ethnic Ukrainian lands.
THE CONCEPT OF FAKE NEWS AND AND ITS DETECTION BY MEANS OF COMMUNICATIVE THEORY
Authors: Hordiichuk M. І.
Published: May 2021

The article studies the concept of “fake news,” focusing on researching its etymology and the scope of its meaning. The meaning of the concept of “fake news” is studied based on the contrast with the word combination“false news”. The coinages “post-truth” and “fake news” have been recognized as the words of the year by different dictionaries in the recent years, which contributes to the image of the present-day media. Various definitions of fake news of different scholars were analyzed. It was found that fake news are relatively easy in making and spreading due to the advancement of modern technologies. However, they disrupt the faith of readers in media, which stands for the need for the detection of fake news in mass media. Consequently, the detection of fake news has been acknowledged as a crucial skill in the modern era. The paper analyzes the ways communicative theory can be used in the detection of fake news in the media. Four main strategies were identified, namely argumentative, appellative, evaluative, and the strategy of optimizing of perlocutionary effect. Each of the strategies is applied in various ways in fake news making with the use of appropriate tactics within their scope. The argumentative strategy operates with the tactics of manipulation and detalization. Tactics of ideologization, appeal to addressees’ needs and retrospection are used within the appellative strategy. Evaluative strategy includes the tactics of positioning, discrediting the opponent and distancing. And within the strategy of optimizing of perlocutionary effect the tactics of emotion evocation, mnemonization and visualization are identified. The paper provides a theoretical background to all of these strategies. Also, their practical application in the media was analyzed based on the examples taken from the independent fact-checking organization “StopFake”. It was found that all of them are frequently used in the hybrid war against Ukraine to disrupt its official government, treaties with European partners, and provoke chaos within the state.
A study of prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: S Moogaambiga , K Kirubhakaran , PL Devi , P Santhosh
Published: May 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetics. However diabetic patients do not present with typical anginal symptoms or may be even asymptomatic and silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in diabetics. Moreover silent CAD is not different from symptomatic CAD with respect to prognosis and adverse effects. Aim: The study was done to demonstrate the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemic changes in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal resting ECG by doing a stress exercise test. Methodology: This descriptive study was done in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes more than 2 years who did not have any history of cardiovascular disease or symptoms. Detailed history was taken and investigations such as HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, serum creatinine, urine examination were done. Resting ECG, Echocardiogram was found to be normal and they were subjected to a treadmill test. Results: Among the 100 participants 18 persons (18%) had positive ECG findings in treadmill test. A positive association was found between the duration of diabetes and prevalence of positive treadmill test. Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of silent CAD in diabetic patients and they tend to present with advanced disease at presentation and have poorer prognosis compared to non diabetic population. Hence it is necessary to screen early for silent CAD in diabetics to improve disease outcomes.
Perception of quiz as an adjunctive learning modality in clinical microbiology amongst medical students of central India
Authors: A Mehta , H Bansal , K Tripathi
Published: May 2021

Background: The conventional teaching modalities like lectures if practiced alone can’t transfer concepts as effectively as active learning approaches like quiz and serve only as a data transferring tool. There is a wide range of educational benefits of quiz like enhanced learning, conceptualization and improved academic performance which makes it the right candidate to be explored as an adjunctive learning tool. Purpose: This study was undertaken to document perception of students regarding utility of quiz as a complementary teaching modality. Methodology: In this interventional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, Datia, India. Second MBBS students were divided into two groups of 34 students each. The topic standard precautions were covered through two learning modules. One module through didactic lecture to one group and through self study followed by quiz to another. Cross over was done for the other module. The students’ perceptions regarding the utility of quiz as an adjunctive learning tool were recorded on the five point Likert scale in addition to the general feedback. Results: On analyzing the feedbacks, majority of students were found to be very receptive and inclined towards the active learning methods like quizzing. They felt more involved, interested and motivated through such sessions. Conclusions: The students’ perception regarding quiz was very positive. So, there is a need to explore the prospects of incorporating such active teaching learning modalities as adjunctive learning tools in medical education.
A case of invasive fungal sinusitis by candida species causing blindness
Authors: C Subhramanyam , MK Revoori , S Padiki , KM Mohiuddin , S Kaul , MS Uppin , B Pranathi
Published: May 2021

Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a common manifestation in immunocompromised patients. The common offenders are Aspergillus and Mucor. These fungal infections can cause various systemic complications, both intracranial and extracranial. Ultimately it may lead to fungemia and death. Very few cases of IFS caused by candida have been reported in the literature. Candida is a yeast like fungus, present normally as a commensal in the oral cavity and skin. Invasive fungal sinusitis with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) with candida is extremely rare. We are reporting a case of cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) with CRAO causing bilateral blindness in a patient with invasive candida sinusitis.
Predictive Modeling Framework for Diabetes Classification Using Big Data Tools and Machine Learning
Authors: Et. al. Jangam J. S. Mani,
Published: May 2021

Diabetics is now a days a common and most threatening disease irrespective of age, gender and becoming a human threat. As the Internet of Things (IoT) environment is growing rapidly in health sector and continuously gathering the data from smart health care which directly reflects the growth of the big data. Predictive modeling helps doctors and physicians to the identify the growth of diabetics in patients from early ages and create an alarm such to make the patient more attentive towards the diabetics. Based on the previous approaches on diabetics prediction over big data related diabetic prediction yields in better understanding from the patient perspective. The approach for the proposed system is much wider in term of predicting the diabetic model with enough feature variables explaining the patient historical data and diet habits. The Frame work has been carried based on extensive machine learning methods in association for processing of the data over spark RDD. The Random Forest and Ada Boost algorithm showed us a prominent values in terms of predicting the results.
Smart IOT Based Healthcare Monitoring and Decision-Making System Using Augmented Data Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Et. al. Annamalai.M,
Published: May 2021

Many medical errors occur because people are in charge of patients or elderly medications by handling large amounts of medications every day. This work consists of designing and establishing a pillbox prototype intended to address this shortcoming in medical areas. It can be used separately from the medication itself and other advanced features provided with this device by the hospital or retirement home. This medication pack aims to take most medications or vitamin supplements or stimulants that deal with over-salting or over-the-counter patients. The proposed smart pillbox contains a program that enables medical caregivers or clients to determine the pill size and timing of pills and service routine each day. In this research work, the Augmented Data Recognition (ADR) algorithm is also used to monitor humans' health conditions. Initially, the UCI dataset is used for training and validation of the proposed ADR algorithm.  The heart rate, blood pressure and temperature of the patient have carried during the testing phase via the Internet of Things (IoT) setup. The testing phase estimates any abnormalities in the health status based on the information obtained by the sensor collected by the population structure. Statistical analysis is based on data obtained from a cumulative cloud from IoT devices to estimate percentage accuracy.
The value of technical and forensic research of documents in the investigation of theft of railway objects
Authors: Malykhina E. A.
Published: May 2021

The article indicates the advantage of carrying out rail transportation, but it is determined that today there is a certain lag in this area from the needs of the national economy, which is provoked by limited territory, slow modernization of railways, and high deterioration of the locomotive fleet. As a result, this leads to an increase in crime at transport facilities, and one of the effective elements in the formation of the evidence base in such criminal cases is the use of technical and forensic research of documents. So, the work describes the possibilities of a technical and forensic study of documents, as well as those results of the research that are necessary to build a solid evidence base in a criminal case. The stages of the implementation of technical and forensic research documents. The specifics of production, the difficulties in forming conclusions on the study. In addition, it is determined that today there is a need for replenishment of forensic centers with accurate and detailed data regarding the description of various seals and forms of higher education used in the railway sector, which will allow for better research and help in drawing conclusions. It was found that such data will help in establishing the facts of the manufacture of fake documents, will narrow the circle of the search for the criminal.
About some problems of development and use of algorithms of investigation of certain types of crimes
Authors: Parshikov V. I.
Published: May 2021

In the article, the author argues for the need to distinguish the algorithm of investigation of certain types of crimes as an independent type of forensic algorithm. It is criticized as unreasonably narrow understanding of it in the form of a set of investigative actions, operational search measures and the sequence of their implementation. It is emphasized that the investigation algorithm is a set of goals, tasks, prescriptions and recommendations on the methods of solving them, the composition and sequence of investigative actions. It is pointed out that it is necessary to understand the investigation algorithm in a broad and narrow sense. Based on the analysis of the goals and tasks solved at the initial stage of crime investigation, it is concluded that the algorithms in the form of a sequence of investigative actions are a simplified version of the above algorithms. They contribute to ensuring the investigation process as a whole, are extremely compact, simple, and accessible. However, due to their high generality and lack of algorithms for solving particular problems, their value for investigating a particular type of crime is limited.
Fundamentals of the methods for investigating crimes related to falsification of evidence in administrative cases
Authors: Popov V. P.
Published: May 2021

Despite the adoption in 2015 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation, liability for falsification of evidence in administrative cases was established only in 2017. Part 1 of Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for falsification of evidence in administrative cases, has existed for more than three years, but the number of detected crimes is small. One of the main reasons is the low level of criminalistic assurance for the investigation of crimes of this category. This article lays the fundamentals for the development of a methods for investigating falsification of evidence in administrative cases. This study is carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research in the framework of the research project № 18-29-14084.
Influence of the breathing methods of the heated oxygen-helium mixture on the indicators of variability of the heart rhythm and functions of external respiration in military servers with chronic obstructive
Authors: Bobkina Natalia V. , Lyadov M. V. , Gerasimenko M. Yu.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of using heated oxygen-helium mixture in the medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Material and methods. The study included 68 patients aged 32 to 56 years (43.7 4.1 years). The first group (n = 33) contained of practically healthy volunteers and the second group (n = 35) of patients with a verified diagnosis: chronic obstructive bronchitis, moderate to moderate degree of obstruction, the duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 16 years (5.4 1.4). In both groups, heated oxygen-helium mixture was used (the temperature of the mixture in the mask was 50С). Patients of the second group 30 minutes before inhalation of the heated oxygen-helium mixture used short or long-acting bronchodilators. The study was carried out before the start of therapy, after 5, 10 procedures. Estimated indicators of heart rate variability and respiratory function.
Results and conclusion. The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture allowed to increase the activity of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system and reduce the tone of the sympathetic department, normalize the functioning of the bodys regulatory systems. The research data showed an increase in SDNN, RMSSD, a decrease in LF/HF wave power, and a decrease in the centralization index. After the 5th breathing procedure of the heated oxygen-helium mixture, the second group showed an increase in external respiration function by an average of 16%, and after a full course, by 20%, which indicates an improvement in pulmonary ventilation and a decrease in the degree of obstructive disorders.
The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture is a promising method that does not give complications, can reduce the severity of obstructive syndrome, helps to restore the bodys adaptive systems, and can be used as one of the methods in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.
The assessment of the spatial ontogenetic structure of the coenopopulation Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC. in undisturbed coenoses (on the territory of the Samara Region)
Authors: Zenkina Evgenievna Tatyana , Ilina Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

Data on the peculiarities of rare plants coenotic populations organization in petrophytic steppes make a certain contribution to the development of theoretical issues of phytocoenology, bioecology and nature protection. Coenopopulations of Oxytropis floribunda (Pall.) DC. are monitored on the territory of the Samara Region (the natural monument Sernovodnyy Shikhan) in the course of the work. Population ontogenetic methods have been used, including methods of spatial statistics. The coenopopulation of the species has been studied in the Stipa pennata Oxytropis floribunda community without any apparent anthropogenic load. It has been found that the total number of individuals of O. floribunda in the studied coenopopulation was 81 individuals, with a density of 6 individuals per 1 m. The phytogenic field strength coefficient is 0,06. The studied community is dominated by the pregenerative age states of O. floribunda. The coenopopulation of O. floribunda is generally characterized by a contagious type of spatial structure with the formation of aggregations of 0,41,2 m in size. The Ripley function graph for pregenerative plants has also showed the presence of clustering zones that occurs due to seed germination near the mother plants of the studied representative. Generative individuals of O. floribunda in the plant community are located randomly, which indicates favorable conditions for the growth of the species in this area.
Resistance of Aspergillus niger Tiegh. to the effect of amide anesthetics
Authors: Isaichkin Vadim Aleksandrovich , Selezneva Ekaterina Sergeevna , Korchikov Evgeniy Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

The wide distribution of Aspergillus in nature is determined by their ability to adapt in the conditions of development of anthropogenic biocoenoses. Micromycetes survive due to rapid growth, intensive reproduction and labile metabolism, causing various kinds of damage to the substrates on which they were due to certain circumstances. However, it is noted that in the process of adaptation, many Aspergillus change physiologically, i.e. without changing the genetic information and heredity of this organism. These features of Aspergillus make them indispensable in model experiments allowing to assess the effects of xenobiotics even in micro doses and the ability to adapt to them. In this regard, it is interesting to investigate anesthetics widely used in surgery. Some of them have shown antibacterial activity, but their antifungal activity remains unknown. The authors investigated the ability of Aspergillus niger Tiegh. to adapt to the effects of certain amide anesthetics: lidocaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Two series of experiments were carried out. In the first one the effect of anesthetics was investigated at concentrations of 0,001; 0,01 and 0,1 mg/ml per growth, number of colonies and sizes of spores and conidiophores; in the second one A. niger Tiegh. spores from a culture grown in a environment containing an anesthetic solution at a concentration of 0,001 mg/ml were germinated on nutrient medium with anesthetics at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. It was discovered that anesthetics affect differently the germination of spores and the formation of colonies of A. niger Tiegh. The maximum toxicity was shown by ropivacaine, significantly reducing the number of colonies, the minimum by bupivacaine. It was discovered that ropivacaine and bupivacaine inhibit mycelium growth more than lidocaine. All investigated anesthetics at selected concentrations do not affect reliably the size of spores and conidiophores. The study of preadaptation caused by a low dose of anesthetics showed that the number of colonies in preadapted cultures after exposure at a high dose of 1 mg/ml significantly increased compared to direct exposure at a dose of 1 mg/ml. It can be argued that the observed changes in the number of colonies are an adaptive response of A. niger Tiegh. to the action of anesthetics. The diameter of colonies after preadaptation was significantly less than with direct exposure at a dose of 1 mg/ml (p 0,05), that is we observe the effect of cumulation. Possible mechanisms of the observed effect, including hormesis, are discussed.
The study of primary productivity of lichenized epigeic fungi in the pine forests of the Kostroma Region
Authors: Malakhova Ksenia Vyacheslavovna
Published: May 2021

Thalli of epigeic lichenized fungi of the genus Cladonia P. Browne are sources of high biological activity substances with a proven pharmaceutical potential. Its necessary to study characteristics of the accumulation of biomass by thalli, as well as conditions affecting the accumulation of secondary metabolites by lesions. For the first time, studies of the primary productivity and concentrations of secondary metabolites in lichens of the genus Cladonia in pine forests in the center of the European part of Russia are presented on the example of the Kostroma Region. The primary productivity of bushy lichens of the genus Cladonia in the pine forests of the Kostroma Region is in the range of 16,0534,72 g/m per year for C. arbuscula and 14,7028,18 g/m per year for C. rangiferina. The weight gain of the living part of the subset is in direct proportion to the intensity of sunlight: the optimum for C. arbuscula is 41006100 lx (0,0250 g/year), for C. rangiferina it is 38005800 lx (0,0407 g/year). The influence of abiotic factors (biotope humidity and sunlight intensity) on the parameters of primary productivity and the accumulation of secondary metabolites by thalli was revealed. The influence of biotic factors is manifested on the projective cover of species. The highest values of the projective cover, 85,67% (C. arbuscula) and 61% (C. rangiferina), are confined to well-illuminated biotopes with rarefied sunlight (thin sphagnum pine forest, sphagnum-heather pine forest slope). The maximum amount of acetone extract of secondary metabolites per weight of air-dry raw material of lichenized fungi of the genus Cladonia was isolated from well-illuminated areas of pine forests at 58007400 lx (11,541 and 15,916 mg/g q.s. of C. rangiferina and C. arbuscula raw materials, respectively). The increased humidity of the biotope and shading conditions slow down the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the subsets.
Additions to the list of bird species in the Shushensky Bor National Park
Authors: Petrov Sergey Yurievich , Chumakov Sergey Vladimirovich , Tolmachev Andrey Vasilievich , Barabantsova Anna Evgenievna , Pershina Lyubov Borisovna
Published: May 2021

This work includes additions to the existing annotated list of birds of the Shushensky Bor National Park, given in the book by ornithologist S.Yu. Petrov and senior state inspector S.V. Chumakov Birds of the Shushensky Bor National Park, published in 2020 in an electronic form. The paper provides general data on the avifauna of the national park, as well as the results of recent studies as of early 2021. The paper provides information on the sightings of 11 bird species that were not previously recorded in the park as a whole: Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli, 1769); Turdus merula (Linnaeus, 1758); Monticola saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1766); Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764) аnd on individual cluster sites Mountain forestry: Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Crex crex (Linnaeus, 1758); Charadrius dubius (Scopoli, 1786); Turdus obscurus J.F. Gmelin, 1789; Turdus iliacus (Linnaeus, 1766) and Perovsky forestry: Lanius borealis [excubitor] (Vieillot, 1807); Chloris chloris (Linnaeus, 1758), indicating the nature of their stay and biotopic distribution. The paper is illustrated with photographs taken on the territory of both clusters of the national park by employees of the Shushensky Bor National Park and by local birdwatchers.
Dwellings of the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic in the Mari Volga Region
Authors: Kudashov Aleksander Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

The paper studies the construction of residential buildings in the Stone Age of the Mari Volga Region. We have analyzed buildings on the settlements of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods of the Mari Volga Region. The main principles of house building of the Mesolithic era of the Mari Volga Region are highlighted. In view of the fact that the complexes under consideration are located in the same landscape zone, a number of indicators may be similar. However, there will be differences on several points of comparison that may lead to discussions. For example, such an indicator as the prevalence of finds in the inter-dwelling space or their absence. In total, 38 structures of the Mesolithic and 35 structures of the Early Neolithic era were analyzed. To summarize, seven indicators of housing construction were selected. It is characteristic that in the Mari Volga Region most of the Neolithic sites are multilayered, however, none of the Mesolithic sites in the region has yet been found to contain early Neolithic ceramics. You can trace the difference in buildings more clearly. The presence of ground structures on the Neolithic settlements is obvious, while the local Mesolithic ones are ubiquitous semi-dugouts. Having a topographic distribution of settlements and short-term sites, a planigraphy of dwellings, as well as a presence of separate industrial and residential buildings in the Early Neolithic and Late Mesolithic, we face the problem of chronological division of the Neolithization process in the forest belt.
Construction features of the dwelling at the early Neolithic site Baibek in the North Caspian Sea Region
Authors: Grechkina Tatiana Yuryevna , Vybornov Aleksander Alekseevich , Lebedev Yurii Sergeevich
Published: May 2021

This work studies construction features of the dwelling discovered at the Neolithic site Baibek. Detailed recorded data made it possible to determine its dimensions, shape and structural components. The layer by layer analysis gave grounds to reconstruct its origin and development. Pottery and stone tools, as well as other materials of the cultural layer found in the dwelling pit are similar to the materials of the Kairshak type of the Neolithic in the Northern Caspian Sea Region. A series of radiocarbon dates establishes the chronological interval of the dwelling functioning: the first quarter of the VI millennium BC. The results of spores and pollen analysis indicate the paleogeographic background at that time. The definition of faunal remains indicates the leading hunting species: onager, red deer, corsac, saiga; fish (sterlet, perch, pike, common carp, pike perch) were caught both in open and in closed reservoirs. Judging by the analysis of the crust on the inner side of the vessels, signs of animal and plant food preparation have been established. The studied dwelling complements the characteristics of the Neolithic culture of the Kairshak type bearers and possibly marks the beginning of the transition of the population to a certain sedentary life. In addition, the information obtained gives reasons to speak about the appearance of dwellings in the region of interest starting from the early Neolithic.
Sandor Varjas and debate about historical materialism
Authors: Mochalov Dmitri Petrovich
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between historical methodology and philosophy on the basis of early Soviet discussions about historical materialism. The appeal to this topic is considered as a generalization of the experience passed by the Russian methodology of history and at the same time as an attempt to rehabilitate the idea of the relationship between philosophy and private sciences after the historiographical situation of perestroika and the post-Soviet period. Interaction with philosophy is considered as a solution to the methodological crisis in historical science. In this study, based on the discussion between the mechanist philosopher A.I. Varjas and the dialectical philosophers N.A. Karev and V.F. Asmus, various approaches to the implementation of Marxs methodological propositions in relation to historical and philosophical research are considered. The discussion is considered using a number of materials that provide an understanding of the context of intellectual thought of those years. The conclusion is made about the dependence of the meaning of specific methodological provisions on one or another interpretation of general philosophical questions by the researcher. The relationship between ontology and the subject area of science is illustrated, and the significance of this area for the correct application of the method is shown. Special emphasis is placed on the interpenetration of the positions of the debating parties and their evolution in the time perspective. The conducted research allowed us to outline further prospects for generalizing the experience of the national methodology of history and confirm a number of previously put forward provisions.
Psychological and pedagogical aspects of chemistry distant teaching to foreign university entrants
Authors: Afanasyeva Olga Yuryevna
Published: May 2021

Chemistry is one of the most important courses in the system of pre-university training of prospective specialists with higher medical education. During the pandemic, we had to face some problems when organizing chemistry distance learning. There was a lack of data and opportunities for out-of-class interaction with students, since it was necessary to switch to the remote format in a very short time, literally within a few days. It was necessary to develop a model and methodological support to teach chemistry in the distant format and develop relevant professional competencies. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of the planned development of mental actions and concepts and activities. Analyzing the results, we came to the conclusion that the implementation of this approach increased the motivation of university entrants to study chemistry. Methodological materials helped to improve the quality of training specifically for foreign entrants who did not know Russian well. The results of the final testing made it possible to conclude that the use of distance education or its elements in pre-university chemistry training is promising, necessary and expedient. All students in one way or another coped with the final certification and received certificates that allow them to continue their studies at a medical university.
Sociosemiotic approach to teaching foreign language listening: linguodidactic implications of adopting views on interrelation of verbal and non-verbal semiotic resources in communication.
Authors: Danilin Mikhail Vyacheslavovich
Published: May 2021

The following article raises the issue built around teaching foreign language listening by the restrictions imposed by the theory of oral activity that influences the view on the nature of communication and human social behavior. In particular, the conducted analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of social semiotics and multimodal approach to human communication gives scientific credence to assuming the meaning-making potential of non-verbal language comparable to the one of verbal language. In addition to that, it becomes evident that non-verbal language has a tendency to complicate inferencing the meaning of the verbal activity rather than merely simplify it. As a consequence, the linguodidactic basis of teaching listening necessitates revision in this vein. Grounded on multimodal and sociocognitive approaches, the idea is put forward to interpret foreign language listening as a constituent part of sociocognitive activity, the distinguishing features of which are embodied perception and orientation to embodied meaning-making. On the basis of aforementioned, the article enriches psycholinguistic theory of listening with aspects of aural-visual (multimodal) perception as well as offers a view on the alignment of semiotic resources to produce meaning. As a result, there were formulated a set of specific methodological principles intended to govern the teaching process of intertwined aural-visual perception and inferencing of cross-mode meanings and subsequently ensure high performance in foreign language listening in the context of multimodal communication.
Agonist IVF-ICSI-ET sikluslarında luteal faz desteği için verilen östradiol’ün gebelik oranlarına etkisi
Authors: AKCABAY Çiğdem , ÜRÜNSAK İbrahim , KÜÇÜKGÖZ GÜLEÇ Ümran , CİHAN Esra , SUCU Mete , ATAY Yılmaz
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı agonist in-vitro fertilizasyon (IVF) / intrasitoplazmik sperm enjeksiyonu (ICSI) / embriyo transferi (ET) siklüslerinde, luteal faz desteği için progesterona ek olarak estrojen vermenin gebelik oranları üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya toplamda IVF / ICSI endikasyonu olan 142 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalar, oosit toplama işleminden (OPU) sonra luteal destek için progesteron (kontrol grubu n = 71) ve ek olarak transdermal östrojen (çalışma grubu n = 71) verilmek üzere randomize edildi. Östrojen seviyeleri, embriyonun transfer gününde ve transfer sonrası 12. günde ölçüldü. Çalışmanın esas sonucu devam eden gebelik oranıdır. Her iki grup indüksiyon özellikleri, östrojen seviyeleri, β-hCG pozitifliği ve düşük oranları açısından da karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş, infertilite süresi ve endikasyon açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Her iki grup indüksiyon özellikleri ve E2 düzeyleri açısından benzerdi. β-hCG pozitiflik oranı benzerdi ve devam eden gebelik oranı her iki grupta benzerdi. Biyokimyasal ve klinik abortus oranları açısından da her iki grup arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. 12. gün östrojen seviyesi gebelik elde edilen hastalarda, elde edilemeyenlere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti.

Sonuç: Çalışmamız; luteal destek amacı ile progesterona ek olarak östrojen eklenmesinin β-hCG pozitifliği, devam eden gebelik ve düşük oranları üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olmadığını göstermiştir.
Deprem travmasının erken dönem psikolojik etkileri ve olası risk faktörleri
Authors: AKÇA TAŞÇI Gülay , ÖZSOY Filiz
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; 24.01.2020 tarihinde merkez üssü Elazığ Sivrice ilçesi olan, toplamda 44 kişinin vefat ettiği ve 1500 üzerinde insanın yaralandığı deprem sonrası ortaya çıkan psikiyatrik semptomları ortaya koyabilmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma depremden 2,5 ay sonra yapılmıştır. Tüm katılımcılara; sosyodemografik veri formu, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Peritravmatik Disosiyasyon Ölçeği (PTDÖ), DSM-5 Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Kontrol Listesi (TSSBKL) uygulandı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 360 kişi; 284 kişi deprem mağduru ve 76 kişi de kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 30.9±9.9 olarak hesaplandı. Deprem mağdurlarından yakınını kaybeden 11 kişi (%3.87) olduğu saptandı. Katılımcıların BAÖ ve BDÖ skorları gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi. PTDÖ ve TSSBKL için deprem mağdurlarının hesaplanan skorları çok daha yüksekti.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda deprem sonrası hayatta kalanların depresyon ve ansiyete düzeyleri artmasa da travma ve dissosiyasyon skorlarının artmış olduğu görüldü. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlara dayanarak; deprem gibi felaketler sonrası hayatta kalanların psikiyatrik ve sosyal olarak iyi desteklenmeleri, hem kayıplarına alışabilmeleri hem de psikiyatrik olarak rahatsızlanmamaları açısından önemlidir.
Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the progression of bladder cancer patients
Authors: VURUŞKAN Ediz , KARKİN Kadir , ERÇİL Hakan
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss the progression results of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who delayed their treatment by not making hospital visits on time for fear of contamination during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: Records of patients diagnosed with MIBC and recommended radical cystectomy (RC) between March 2020 and June 2020 were reviewed. Whether patients were operated on the scheduled time, and if not, the time elapsed after the first diagnosis or the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were recorded. The patients who applied to our clinic late were restaged and examined whether there was any progression during the pandemic period.

Results: NAC was recommended before RC in 9 of 24 patients, RC was recommended directly to the remaining 15 patients. After NAC, RC was applied to four patients in the planned period, and 4 patients applied delayed. The mean admission period of the patients who applied late after NAC was 197.8±68.5 days. Lung metastases and pelvic lymphadenopathies were found in two (50%). RC was applied to eight of fifteen patients who did not receive NAC in the planned period. Five of these patients applied for RC in the late period and the average application time after diagnosis was 202.8±31.9 days. In the staging of these five patients who presented late, two (40%) had progression (cT2, N0,M1b).

Conclusion: In times of widespread COVID-19 outbreak, physicians should be alert to potential stage progression and worse survival outcomes resulting from delays in diagnosis and treatment.
ERCP’nin tarihçesi
Authors: TOKMAK Salih , TORUN Serkan
Published: May 2021

Modern zamanlarda ortaya çıkan tüm buluşlar için bir başlangıç noktası belirlemek, her daim heyecanlı ve cazip bir meşgale olmuştur ama aslında hiçbir bilimsel gelişme, kelimenin tam manasıyla bir başlangıç noktasına sahip değildir; kendisini meydana getiren pek çok buluşun toplamıdır.
Örneğin günümüz Dünya’sı için vazgeçilmez olan nükleer enerji ile ilgili kabul edilebilecek ilk buluş, Leucippus’un milattan önce 440 yılında “atom” kavramını ortaya atmasıdır. Kökeni bu kadar eskiye dayanmakla birlikte, tıpkı diğer modern buluşlarda olduğu gibi, hayatımıza nüfuz eden ve vazgeçilmez olmasını sağlayan gelişmeler, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında peş peşe ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu logaritmik gelişmelerin tetikleyicisi, 1895 yılında “X ışını” varlığını keşfeden Alman fizikçi Wilhelm Roentgen olmuştur. Bu tarihten sadece 62 yıl sonra, 1957 yılında insanoğlu, nükleer enerji sayesinde enerji üreten ilk santrali gündelik kullanıma sunmuştur (1).
1968 yılı, Tıp Bilimleri alanında çığır açan bir başka buluş için de tetikleyici bir tarihtir. “Endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreatografi” (ERCP) ya da o zamanki adıyla “Endoskopik pankreato-kolanjiografi”nin (EPC) teknik olarak ilk başarılı uygulaması, bir jinekolog olan Dr. William S. McCune tarafından, Washington Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde, pankreas kanalı kanülasyonu ve kontrastlanması ile görüntü alınarak bu tarihte gerçekleştirilmiştir (2).
Visual Scale as a Non-Invasive Method for Evaluation of Risk and Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhatkina M. V. , Gavrilova N. E. , Metelskaya V. A. , Yarovaya E. B. , Rudenko B. A. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: May 2021

Aim      To evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in carotid arteries (CA) and femoral arteries (FA) and to use these data for developing a visual scale (VS) for noninvasive diagnosis and determination of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

Material and methods  This study included 216 patients (115 men and 101 women) aged 24 to 87 years (mean age, 61.5±10.73 years). All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG) for detecting and determining severity of CA atherosclerosis and duplex scanning (DS) for detecting atherosclerosis of CA and FA.

Results Analysis of ultrasound parameters of ASP in CA and FA showed that the maximal ASP height, moderate stenosis and maximal stenosis of the arterial bed had higher predictive values than other ultrasound parameters. These parameters were used for forming diagnostic complexes, on the basis of which two individual VSs for CA and FA were developed. Based on the high prognostic value of both scales, they were combined into one that was named VSCOMB. A ROC analysis determined cut-off points of the VSCOMB for diagnosis of CA atherosclerosis of various severity. VSCOMB scores  >4 indicated pronounced CA atherosclerosis with sensitivity of 86.1 % and specificity of 87.5 % whereas VSCOMB scores  ≤4 excluded it. Thus, VSCOMB score 0–1 indicated the absence of CA atherosclerosis; score 2–4 indicated the presence of subclinical CA atherosclerosis; and score >4 indicated severe CA atherosclerosis.

Conclusion      A VSCOMB was developed that includes a set of ultrasound parameters for CA and FA and is useful for noninvasive diagnosis of CA atherosclerosis of various severity. Simple and convenient use of VSCOMB allows it to be used at the screening stage to detect subclinical CA atherosclerosis and to prevent its progression.
Bertrand Labasse (2020). La valeur des informations. Ressorts et contraintes du marché des idées. Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa, 420 pages.
Authors: Soulier Virginie
Published: May 2021

Book review.