bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious fundamentalism, right‐wing authoritarianism, and meaning in life
Authors: Womick Jake , Woody Brendon , King Laura A.
Published: July 2021

Objective

Two studies examined the relationship between right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and religious fundamentalism (RF), and tested their unique contributions to meaning in life (MIL).

Method

We recruited Amazon Mechanical Turk Participants located in the United States. Studies 1 (N = 827) included measures of RWA, RF, and global MIL. Study 2 (N = 809) additionally included measures of the facets of global MIL (existential significance, purpose, and coherence), and intrinsic religiosity.

Results

In both studies, RWA, RF, and MIL were positively correlated. Partial correlations and structural equation modeling showed that, when modeled together, RF significantly contributes to MIL and RWA facets were either unrelated or negatively related. Study 2 extended these results to show that RF primarily contributed positively to global MIL through existential significance, rather than purpose or coherence. When modeled jointly with intrinsic religiosity, religious fundamentalism no longer contributed to MIL.

Conclusions

These studies demonstrate that RF positively contributes to the experience of MIL, and that the link between RWA and MIL arises from their mutual overlap with RF. The link between RF and MIL is about religiosity, rather than fundamentalism. Implications are discussed.
Gendered racial vulnerability: How women confront crime and criminalization
Authors: Powell Amber Joy , Phelps Michelle S.
Published: July 2021

Prior research illustrates how race-class subjugated communities are over-policed and under-protected, producing high rates of victimization by other community members and the police. Yet few studies explore how gender and race structure dual frustration, despite a long line of Black feminist scholarship on the interpersonal, gender-based, and state violence Black and other women of color face. Drawing on interviews with 53 women in Minneapolis from 2017 to 2019, we examine how gendered racial vulnerability to both crime and criminalization shape dual frustration toward the law. Findings illustrate that police fail to protect women of color from neighborhood and gender-based violence, while simultaneously targeting them and their families. Despite their spatial proximity to women of color, white women remained largely shielded from the dual frustration of crimeandcriminalization. Attention to the gendered racial dimensions of dual frustration offers an intersectional framework for understanding women's vulnerability to violence and cultural orientations toward the law.
What is it like to be colour‐blind? A case study in experimental philosophy of experience
Authors: Allen Keith , Quinlan Philip , Andow James , Fischer Eugen
Published: July 2021

What is the experience of someone who is “colour‐blind” like? This paper presents the results of a study that uses qualitative research methods to better understand the lived experience of colour blindness. Participants were asked to describe their experiences of a variety of coloured stimuli, both with and without EnChroma glasses—glasses which, the manufacturers claim, enhance the experience of people with common forms of colour blindness. More generally, the paper provides a case study in the nascent field of experimental philosophy of experience.
Oral plasmablastic lymphoma in a HIV‐positive woman: Literature review and case report
Authors: Nuernberg Marta Aparecida Alberton , Lopes‐Santos Gabriela , Furuse Cristiane , Montalli Victor Ângelo Martins , Helena Theodoro Leticia , Cristine Tjioe Kellen
Published: July 2021

We provide a comprehensive review of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) in HIV‐positive patients and report a case of HIV‐associated oral plasmablastic lymphoma. We complied and discussed demographic, clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, therapeutic and prognostic features of 105 cases reported in English and Spanish literature. The inclusion criteria were documented cases of confirmed PBL of the oral cavity in HIV‐positive patients. Only cases with definitive microscopic diagnosis of PBL and description of HIV infection were included. Reports with insufficient clinical information of the patients were excluded. The literature review revealed 105 cases of HIV‐associated oral PBL in 46 published manuscripts. In addition, we reported the case of an aggressive oral PLB arising in a 30‐year‐old HIV‐positive female. This study provides a comprehensive review of clinical and microscopical landscape of PBL. Additionally, our data suggest that case reports should be more rigorous and detailed about the clinical findings, in order to facilitate the understanding of the clinical presentation pattern of oral PBL.
Inborn errors of metabolism and coronavirus disease 2019: Evaluation of the metabolic outcome
Authors: Zubarioglu Tanyel , Hopurcuoglu Duhan , Ahmadzada Saffa , Uzunyayla‐Inci Gözde , Cansever Mehmet Serif , Kiykim Ertugrul , Aktuglu‐Zeybek Cigdem
Published: July 2021

Background

Infectious diseases can result in a catabolic state and possibly trigger an acute metabolic decompensation in inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), which could be life threatening. Studies regarding the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in patients with IEM are generally limited to case reports. Here, we aimed to evaluate the clinical findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and describe the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections on metabolic outcomes in IEM patients.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with different types of IEM and developed microbiologically confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included. Clinical findings and laboratory results were recorded retrospectively in terms of both IEM and COVID‐19.

Results

Eleven patients with diagnosis of intoxication type metabolic disorders, five patients with energy metabolism disorders, and six patients with complex molecular disorders were enrolled. The most frequent clinical finding was fever (52.1%) followed by fatigue/myalgia (47.8%). None of the patients was younger than 1 year. None of the patients presented severe or critical disease. In terms of metabolic decompensation, two patients diagnosed with propionic acidemia, one patient with methylmalonic acidemia and one patient with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA lyase deficiency presented clinical and biochemical findings of an acute metabolic attack.

Conclusions

Based on our results, IEM are not found to be an additional risk factor for severe COVID‐19 infection. However, patients with intoxication type and energy metabolism disorders should be considered as a vulnerable population for COVID‐19 and have a major risk of developing acute metabolic decompensation that can lead to life‐threatening complications.
A novel technique for large lateral enterocutaneous fistula management after intestinal transplantation
Authors: Oliva Agustina R , Violo Gonzalez Paula , Lerendegui Luciana , Sanchez Clariá Rodrigo , Moldes Juan , Lobos Pablo
Published: July 2021

Background

Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is a serious and complex problem when affecting children, being responsible for a high morbidity burden, with an estimated mortality rate of 10 to 20%. There are many therapeutic options, including surgery and a wide variety of nonoperative strategies. Prognosis of ECF closure depends on the output and also on the patency of distal bowel. Spontaneous closure without operative intervention occurs in approximately 50% of patients with lateral ECF and distal bowel transit, but this drastically decreases in high output fistulas. High‐volume fistula output and consequent skin damage are a great challenge for the health‐care team.

Methods

We describe a postoperative complication that required a new nonoperative technique for the transient management of a lateral high‐output ECF, involving the insertion of an occlusive device in order to redirect intestinal content to the distal bowel, reducing the fistula output.

Results and conclusions

The main benefit of this nonoperative technique is the ability to occlude a high‐output fistula, allowing the distal flow to be restored and reducing abdominal wall damage, as a bridge to definitive surgical closure.
Restoring ecosystems and eating them too: guidance from agroecology for sustainability
Authors: Garcia‐Polo Jorge , Falkowski Tomasz B. , Mokashi Shruti A. , Law Eugene P. , Fix Adam J. , Diemont Stewart A. W.
Published: July 2021

Ecological restoration evaluation has historically focused on biophysical indicators, particularly in North America, with less attention for sociocultural and economic factors, undermining efforts' long‐term sustainability. Restoration projects should more regularly incorporate cultural and provisioning ecosystem services to offer local stakeholders tangible benefits (e.g. contributing to food security and sovereignty), thereby promoting participation in restoration efforts and long‐term environmental stewardship. While the principles of agroecology and ecological restoration have much in common, their differences can be instructional and inspirational to each other. Rather than be an apolitical tool for land management, restoration could, like agroecology, amplify its impact through collaboration with adjacent social movements that share common goals, such as addressing the root causes of environmental degradation and promoting socioeconomic justice. The manner in which ecosystems are restored is as important as the resulting systems; as agroecology guides, projects should minimize nonrenewable inputs and reliance on socioeconomic systems at the root of the environmental degradation. We articulate agroecological restoration (AER) in a novel set of formalized principles, which take a socioecological view of environmental degradation and social disruption as inextricably interrelated issues. We offer case studies illustrating how AER can help restore both the land and our relationship to the land, thereby promoting the health and cohesion of human and ecological communities. Finally, we identify opportunities for overcoming inevitable challenges for growing an agroecological restoration framework that could amplify project impacts in the current United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
Biogeography of epiphytic foraminiferans in the tropical Western Atlantic
Authors: Richardson Susan L.
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biodisponibilidade de Cd em latossolo acrescido de lodo de esgoto
Authors: Alamino Renata De Carvalho Jimenez , Polivanov Helena , Campos Tácio Mauro P. de , Silva Vitor Hugo Gomes da , Santos Leandro Victor dos , Mendes Julio Cezar
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to obtain the bioavailability of cadmium in a latosol increased of a single dose of sewage sludge. Representative samples of Bw horizon of a latosol, from Duque de Caxias city - RJ, and sewage sludge from ETE Ilha do Governador, in Rio de Janeiro city were collected. These materials were characterized due to its chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics. Latter on, the samples were mixed together and bioavailability tests were accomplished. The results show that cadmium became bioavailable in the solution in the first hour of assay. After this interval the concentration of the available metal in solution it diminished, occurring stabilization in the subsequent hours of collection.
Avaliação do potencial tóxico de latossolos e chernossolos acrescidos de lodo de esgoto utilizando bioensaios com oligoquetas da espécie Eisenia andrei
Authors: Cesar Ricardo Gonçalves , Egler Silvia Gonçalves , Alamino Renata De Carvalho Jimenez , Polivanov Helena , Silva Raphael Corrêa da , Castilhos Zuleica Carmen , Araujo Patricia Correa
Published: July 2021

Sewage Sludge (SEL) has been used in agricultural activities to improve physical and chemical properties of soils. However, this compound also contains very high levels of heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause serious negative effects on biota and human health. This paper aims to assess potential toxicity of latosols and chernosols amended with SEL, using Eisenia andrei earthworms. Acute toxicity and behavioral tests were performed according to ASMT (2004) and ISO (2002) procedures, respectively. Heavy metals determination was made by Atomic Absorption, and mineralogical characterization by Ray-X Difratometry. Biomass loss was evaluated considering average individual weight. Mercury, lead, zinc and cooper determination in SEL in natura and soils amended with SEL revealed values higher than that recommended by Brazilian legislation. SEL addition to the soils caused no mortality to the organisms, while SEL in natura provoked lethal effects on 100% of the earthworms. Latosol in natura demonstrated higher mortality in comparison to chernosol in natura Behavioral tests indicated that 98,3% and 96,43% of the organisms avoided SEL in natura and latosol with SEL, respectively. However, only 31% of the organisms avoided chernosol with SEL, suggesting a lower level of toxicity in comparison to latosol. Possibly the natural properties of the studied soils (fertility, organic matter content, clay mineralogy, etc.) played an important role in the avoidance behavior of the organisms. Probably expansive clays presence in chernosol stimulates ions adsorption and their concentrations decreasing in soil solution; consequently contaminants bioavailability also tends to decrease. Biomass loss results revealed that the SEL addition decreased the weight loss of the tested organisms, and biomass losses were higher for latosol than for chernosol. In conclusion, it is expected that these results can be used in human health and ecological risk assessment, as well as in sustainable reconditioning of tillable soils, facilitating decision actions in environmental control and public health programs
Petrografia e Geoquímica de Rochas Metamáficas e Metaultramáficas da região de Cambuci, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mendes Julio Cezar , Fonseca Mário Jorge Gesteira , Moura Jorge Costa de
Published: July 2021

In the northern Rio de Janeiro State, mafic and ultramafic rocks occur locally showing evidences of metamorphism and deformation. They are (meta)clinopiroxenites, (meta)piroxenites, (meta)diorites to quartzdiorites and mainly (meta)gabbros, (meta)norites and (meta)gabbronorites. The rocks present isotropic to foliated fabric marked by the orientation of piroxene/amphibole and feldspar or even mafic clots. Contrasting with samples that exhibit clear recristalized fabric, primary textures as granular, cumulatic and flow are found in many samples of the different lithotypes. Geochemical studies indicate tholeiitic basaltic composition and ocean floor signature, particularly transitional to enriched MORB. The obtained data allow interpreting these rocks as paleo-ocean remnants tectonically positioned in the regional paragneisses.
Adriático
Authors: Saraceni Gina
Published: July 2021

En adriático la poesía une las islas separadas y provoca nuevas cartografías imaginarias, a partir de la síntesis simbólica de lugares distantes y distintos que mantienen sus bellos nombres originales y que perviven en la memoria y en el afecto. Cada nombre es un pequeño altar en el que se adora algún lar ligado a la tierra ancestral, la tierra adriática del padre y de la madre, pero también a los dioses nuevos, los hallados, los encontrados y a la vez construidos. La magnífica flora de los trópicos y sus aves llamativas siempre están presentes en las escenas que el poema dibuja, con la mirada puesta en la lontananza adriática constante. Rafael Castillo Zapata
Optimization of Nonuniform Sensor Placement for Blade Tip Timing Based on Equiangular Tight Frame Theory
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Chai Pengfei , Chen Yong , Tian Jie , Ouyang Hua
Published: July 2021

Blade tip timing (BTT) data are usually an under-sampled signal and are vulnerable to noise and sensor failures. In this paper, based on an arbitrary-angle compressed-sensing method and equiangular tight frame theory, combined with a niching microgenetic algorithm, a method for placing BTT sensors is proposed to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy and reliability. If the dimensions of the sensing matrix are moderate, the index range of arrangements with excellent performance in multifrequency signal reconstruction is determined by enumerating all the uniform-distribution extraction placements. A two-parameter search method is then proposed. Reconstruction of a mixed-signal is carried out to verify the asynchronous signal-reconstruction performance. Thus, to achieve a larger frequency multiplication recognition range and probe-installation flexibility, a method for optimizing the BTT sensor placement is proposed. Finally, a finite-element simulation of the signal from an aero-engine fan blade is used to verify the reconstruction ability of the proposed method. The results show that the placement determined by the optimization algorithm can achieve similar or even better performance than the optimal placement under uniform distribution extraction. The proposed sensor-placement optimization method has a high reconstruction success rate and the BTT system is robust. This approach has significant value for engineering applications.
On-Design Component-Level Multiple-Objective Optimization of a Small-Scale Cavity-Stabilized Combustor
Authors: Briones Alejandro M. , Erdmann Timothy J. , Rankin Brent A.
Published: July 2021

This work presents an on-design component-level multiple-objective optimization of a small-scaled uncooled cavity-stabilized combustor. Optimization is performed at the maximum power condition of the engine thermodynamic cycle. The computational fluid dynamics simulations are managed by a supervised machine learning algorithm to divide a continuous and deterministic design space into nondominated Pareto frontier and dominated design points. Steady, compressible three-dimensional simulations are performed using a multiphase realizable k–ε RANS and nonadiabatic flamelet/progress variable combustion model. Conjugate heat transfer through the combustor liner is also considered. There are fifteen geometrical input parameters and four objective functions viz., maximization of combustion efficiency, and minimization of total pressure losses, pattern factor, and critical liner area factor. The baseline combustor design is based on engineering guidelines developed over the past two decades. The small-scale baseline design performs remarkably well. Direct optimization calculations are performed on this baseline design. In terms of Pareto optimality, the baseline design remains in the Pareto frontier throughout the optimization. However, the optimization calculations show improvement from an initial design point population to later iteration design points. The optimization calculations report other nondominated designs in the Pareto frontier. The Euclidean distance from design points to the Utopic point is used to select a “best” and “worst” design point for future fabrication and experimentation. The methodology to perform computational fluid dynamics optimization calculations of a small-scale uncooled combustor is expected to be useful for guiding the design and development of future gas turbine combustors.
Two new species of Aceria (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) associated with Amaranthaceae in Egypt
Authors: Lewandowski Mariusz , Abo-Mostafa Al-Moataz Mahmoud , Druciarek Tobiasz , Elsayed Ayman Khamis
Published: July 2021

Two new species of eriophyoid mites inhabiting amaranthaceous plants in Egypt are described and illustrated. Aceria mosalahi sp. nov. heavily induces galls on leaves and stems of Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, while Aceria nudata sp. nov. induces red galls on the stems and leaves of Traganum nudatum Delile. Twenty-two Aceria species are known to inhabit plants of the Amaranthaceae family, and those inducing galls are listed here along with their diagnostic characteristic.
Hydrogen etching of the SiC(0001) surface at moderate temperature
Authors: Hamasaki Toshiya , Yagyu Kazuma , Mitani Hisashi , Nishida Takashi , Tochihara Hiroshi , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen etching of a 4H-SiC(0001) surface at a moderate temperature of 1200 °C with molecular hydrogen gas was investigated to obtain enough flat and clean surface for large-scale high-quality epitaxial graphene synthesis. We found after a prolonged hydrogen etching that micro scratches, large depressions, and contaminations produced on the wafer in the manufacturing process disappeared and that a periodic array of atomic steps appeared, maintaining initial flat surface morphology. One hour of etching with a flow of 1.0 l/min was the optimum condition to obtain a flat and clean SiC surface in the present study. Using such surfaces, we were able to synthesize the so-called zero layer graphene by thermal annealing in ultrahigh vacuum.
Van der Waals epitaxy of nearly single-crystalline nitride films on amorphous graphene-glass wafer
Authors: Ren Fang , Liu Bingyao , Chen Zhaolong , Yin Yue , Sun Jingyu , Zhang Shuo , Jiang Bei , Liu Bingzhi , Liu Zhetong , Wang Jianwei , Liang Meng , Yuan Guodong , Yan Jianchang , Wei Tongbo , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Zhang Yong , Li Jinmin , Gao Peng , Liu Zhongfan , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: July 2021

The heteroepitaxy of nitride semiconductors can be achieved without needing lattice matching between two material systems.
FAN1-MLH1 interaction affects repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and slipped-CAG/CTG repeats
Authors: Porro Antonio , Mohiuddin Mohiuddin , Zurfluh Christina , Spegg Vincent , Dai Jingqi , Iehl Florence , Ropars Virginie , Collotta Giulio , Fishwick Keri M. , Mozaffari Nour L. , Guérois Raphaël , Jiricny Josef , Altmeyer Matthias , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Pearson Christopher E. , Sartori Alessandro A.
Published: July 2021

FAN1-MLH1 interaction governs the processing of DNA interstrand crosslinks and disease-associated repeats.
Sedimentary ancient DNA shows terrestrial plant richness continuously increased over the Holocene in northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Rijal Dilli P. , Heintzman Peter D. , Lammers Youri , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Lorberau Kelsey E. , Pitelkova Iva , Goslar Tomasz , Murguzur Francisco J. A. , Salonen J. Sakari , Helmens Karin F. , Bakke Jostein , Edwards Mary E. , Alm Torbjørn , Bråthen Kari Anne , Brown Antony G. , Alsos Inger G.
Published: July 2021

SedaDNA reveals regional climate and bedrock nutrients as major drivers of terrestrial plant diversity in northern Fennoscandia.
Predicting non-state terrorism worldwide
Authors: Python Andre , Bender Andreas , Nandi Anita K. , Hancock Penelope A. , Arambepola Rohan , Brandsch Jürgen , Lucas Tim C. D.
Published: July 2021

Predictive models informed by theory may produce policy-relevant prediction of terrorism.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody magnitude and detectability are driven by disease severity, timing, and assay
Authors: Peluso Michael J. , Takahashi Saki , Hakim Jill , Kelly J. Daniel , Torres Leonel , Iyer Nikita S. , Turcios Keirstinne , Janson Owen , Munter Sadie E. , Thanh Cassandra , Donatelli Joanna , Nixon Christopher C. , Hoh Rebecca , Tai Viva , Fehrman Emily A. , Hernandez Yanel , Spinelli Matthew A. , Gandhi Monica , Palafox Mary-Ann , Vallari Ana , Rodgers Mary A. , Prostko John , Hackett John , Trinh Lan , Wrin Terri , Petropoulos Christos J. , Chiu Charles Y. , Norris Philip J. , DiGermanio Clara , Stone Mars , Busch Michael P. , Elledge Susanna K. , Zhou Xin X. , Wells James A. , Shu Albert , Kurtz Theodore W. , Pak John E. , Wu Wesley , Burbelo Peter D. , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Rutishauser Rachel L. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Deeks Steven G. , Henrich Timothy J. , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: July 2021

Antibody detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on severity, assay, and timing with implications for serosurveillance.
Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays
Authors: Zhang Chunhuan , Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chuang , Fan Yuqing , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2021

Smart photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser chips can be used for gesture recognition.
A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience in CRISPR-Cas9 Experimental Design to Support Reverse Genetic Studies in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mills Alison , Jaganatha Venkateswari , Cortez Alejandro , Guzman Michael , Burnette James M. , Collin Matthew , Lopez-Lopez Berenise , Wessler Susan R. , Van Norman Jaimie M. , Nelson David C. , Rasmussen Carolyn G.
Published: July 2021

Gene-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 have created unprecedented opportunities for genetic studies in plants and animals. We designed a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) to train introductory biology students in the concepts and implementation of gene-editing technology as well as develop their soft skills in data management and scientific communication.
Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: McKean Norma , Chircop Charmaine
Published: July 2021

We report a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurring soon after the first dose of Vaxzevria (previously known as COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca). Thus far, there has been no evidence of an increased risk of GBS resulting from either COVID-19 infection nor from COVID-19 vaccines; however, individual cases and population cohorts should be scrutinised, in order to ensure the constant evaluation of such risks. It is as yet not possible to draw conclusions about any significant association between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. A temporal correlation does not imply, and should not be deemed to signify, causality. However, it is important to remain vigilant, so that any potential increased risk is properly evaluated. The specific presentation of bifacial weakness as the initial symptom may be a characteristic feature of GBS in the context of recent COVID-19 vaccination.
2 The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual irregularity and disordered eating in junior elite athletics in the UK
Authors: Wilkinson J , Mayhew L
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of injury in adolescent elite track and field competitors is high,1however only one study has been conducted with UK athletes.2Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), encapsulating the Female Athlete Triad, is a syndrome whereby decreased energy availability affects health and performance, potentially leading to an increased injury risk; particularly to bone (3). Calculating decreased energy availability is difficult, however identifying contributing factors, such as disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction, is more viable.3

Aim

This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction in elite junior UK track and field athletes.

Method

Data was collected from track and field athletes ranked within the top 10 of the UK U17 rankings in 2017 or 2018, with 138 athletes participating. Participants completed a self-reported musculoskeletal injury, disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction questionnaire relating to a 12-month time period.

Results

This study found a 12-month retrospective injury prevalence of 43.5%. 13% of participants presented with disordered eating, whilst 37.7% of female participants presented with menstrual dysfunction. There was a statistically significant difference in injury prevalence according to gender, with more male athletes sustaining an injury compared with female athletes. No differences in injury prevalence were noted according to event group, menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating. The anatomical location displaying the highest prevalence of injury was the ankle and foot (22.5%). The anatomical structure displaying the highest 12-month injury prevalence was muscle (43.6%), followed by bone (30.9%). Additionally, 21.7% of respondents reported having previously sustained a stress fracture prior to taking part in this study.

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of injuries in junior UK track and field athletes, with most injuries affecting the lower limb. Although there was no difference noted in injury risk for athletes with menstrual dysfunction or disordered eating, the prevalence of bone injuries was alarmingly high. This study indicates the requirement for future research investigating RED-S within this population.

Reference

Zemper, E. Track andField Injuries. In: Caine DJ, Maffulli N. (eds).Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. Individual Sports. Med Sport Science: Volume 48. Basel, Karger; 2005. p. 138–151

D’Souza D. Track and field athletics injuries - a one-year survey.British Journal of Sports Medicine1994;28(3): 197–202.

Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke L, et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S).British Journal of Sports Medicine2014;48: 491–497.
Effects of technology-based physical activity interventions for women after bariatric surgery: study protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hayotte Meggy , Iannelli Antonio , Nègre Véronique , Pradier Christian , Thérouanne Pierre , Fuch Alain , Diagana Odile , Garbarino Jean-Marie , Vuillemin Anne , Colson Serge S , Chevalier Nicolas , d'Arripe-Longueville Fabienne
Published: July 2021

Introduction

A recent meta-analysis provided proof of efficacy for mobile technology to increase physical activity or weight loss in the short term. Videoconferencing may also be effective, especially as it reduces the barriers related to face-to-face physical activity interventions. Both technologies seem particularly interesting for bariatric surgery management, but their long-term effects on physical activity maintenance are unknown. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying their effectiveness, such as technology acceptability and motivational processes, have not been examined.

The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of two technology-based (mobile technology and videoconferencing) physical activity programmes after bariatric surgery compared with standard care and to assess the contribution of acceptability and motivational mechanisms in explaining these effects on physical activity, physiological measures and health indicators.

Methods and analysis

One hundred and twenty young women who have undergone bariatric surgery in the last 3–6 months will be included. The volunteers will be randomly assigned to one of three arms: CONTROL (standard care), ACTI-MOBIL (mobile technology) or ACTI-VISIO (videoconferencing). The primary outcome is the distance travelled during a 6 min walk test relativised according to Capadaglio’s theoretical distance. Secondary outcomes are behavioural measures of physical activity, physiological measures, health indicators, technology acceptability and motivational concepts. Data will be collected at baseline (T0), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T6). The technology groups will receive a physical activity programme for 12 weeks (between T0 and T3). A mixed model approach will be used to analyse the change in outcomes over time for each group.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the French East 1 Protection of Persons Ethics Committee (number: 2020.A00172-37) and the French National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (number: UCA-R20-034). The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT04478331.
Life under COVID-19 for LGBT+ people in the UK: systematic review of UK research on the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and gender minority populations
Authors: McGowan Victoria J , Lowther Hayley J , Meads Catherine
Published: July 2021

Objective

To systematically review all published and unpublished evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of UK sexual and gender minority (LGBT+; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, intersex and queer) people.

Methods

Any relevant studies with or without comparator were included, with outcomes of: COVID-19 incidence, hospitalisation rates, illness severity, death rates, other health and well-being. Six databases (platforms) were searched—CINAHL Plus (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Cochrane Library), Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Science Citation Index (Web of Science) and Scopus between 2019 and 2020 in December 2020, using synonyms for sexual and gender minorities and COVID-19 search terms. Data extraction and quality assessment (using the relevant Joanna Briggs checklist) were in duplicate with differences resolved through discussion. Results were tabulated and synthesis was through narrative description.

Results

No published research was found on any outcomes. Eleven grey literature reports found to be of low quality were included, mostly conducted by small LGBT+ charities. Only four had heterosexual/cisgender comparators. Mental health and well-being, health behaviours, safety, social connectedness and access to routine healthcare all showed poorer or worse outcomes than comparators.

Conclusions

Lack of research gives significant concern, given pre-existing health inequities. Social and structural factors may have contributed to poorer outcomes (mental health, well-being and access to healthcare). Paucity of evidence is driven by lack of routinely collected sexual orientation and gender identity data, possibly resulting from institutional homophobia/transphobia which needs to be addressed. Men are more at risk of serious illness from COVID-19 than women, so using data from trans women and men might have started to answer questions around whether higher rates were due to sex hormone or chromosomal effects. Routine data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity is required to examine the extent to which COVID-19 is widening pre-existing health inequalities.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020224304.
Androgen deprivation therapy and radiation for prostate cancer—cognitive impairment, sleep, symptom burden: a prospective study
Authors: Tulk Joshua , Rash Joshua A , Thoms John , Wassersug Richard , Gonzalez Brian , Garland Sheila N
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This paper (1) sought to compare sleep, mood and physical symptom profiles of men with prostate cancer (PCa) who experienced subjective and objective cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) during the first year of treatment and (2) examine if fluctuations in mood and physical symptoms are associated with change in subjective or objective CRCI.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study examined 24 new patients with PCa receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiation therapy (RT) during the first 12 months of treatment. Participants completed subjective and objective assessments of cognition, sleep continuity and self-report measures of insomnia, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Independent sample t-tests, correlations and hierarchical regressions were used to compare groups, explore associations, and assess change over time. Effects are reported as corrected Cohen’s d (dc).

Results

Men with objective CRCI reported worse subjective time asleep (dc=0.47) and more depression (dc=0.55). Men with subjective CRCI reported worse insomnia (dc=0.99), hot flashes (dc=0.76), sleep quality (dc=0.54), subjective total sleep time (dc=0.41), wake after sleep onset (dc=0.71), sleep efficiency (dc=0.49), fatigue (dc=0.67) and objectively estimated sleep latency (dc=0.72) than men without subjective CRCI. Declines in perceived cognition was associated with higher anxiety (p=0.05), fatigue (p≤0.01) and symptoms of insomnia (p=0.01). Finally, subjective time awake during the night (p=0.03) and fatigue (p=0.02) were associated with subjective cognitive decline, controlling for objective change.

Conclusions

Subjective concerns of CRCI appear more critical to patient experience than objective measurements in men with PCa who have received RT and ADT. Interventions to improve sleep may result in an improved perception of cognition.
Occupational and environmental exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in and around infected mink farms
Authors: de Rooij Myrna M T , Hakze-Van der Honing Renate W , Hulst Marcel M , Harders Frank , Engelsma Marc , van de Hoef Wouter , Meliefste Kees , Nieuwenweg Sigrid , Oude Munnink Bas B , van Schothorst Isabella , Sikkema Reina S , van der Spek Arco N , Spierenburg Marcel , Spithoven Jack , Bouwstra Ruth , Molenaar Robert-Jan , Koopmans Marion , Stegeman Arjan , van der Poel Wim H M , Smit Lidwien A M
Published: July 2021

Objective

Unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 infections in farmed minks raised immediate concerns regarding transmission to humans and initiated intensive environmental investigations to assess occupational and environmental exposure.

Methods

Air sampling was performed at infected Dutch mink farms, at farm premises and at nearby residential sites. A range of other environmental samples were collected from minks’ housing units, including bedding materials. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was analysed in all samples by quantitative PCR.

Results

Inside the farms, considerable levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found in airborne dust, especially in personal inhalable dust samples (approximately 1000–10 000 copies/m3). Most of the settling dust samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (82%, 75 of 92). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in outdoor air samples, except for those collected near the entrance of the most recently infected farm. Many samples of minks’ housing units and surfaces contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions

Infected mink farms can be highly contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This warns of occupational exposure, which was substantiated by considerable SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in personal air samples. Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 to outdoor air was found to be limited and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in air samples collected beyond farm premises, implying a negligible risk of environmental exposure to nearby communities. Our occupational and environmental risk assessment is in line with whole genome sequencing analyses showing mink-to-human transmission among farm workers, but no indications of direct zoonotic transmission events to nearby communities.
Secukinumab provides sustained improvement in signs and symptoms and low radiographic progression in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 2-year (end-of-study) results from the FUTURE 5 study
Authors: Mease Philip J , Landewé Robert , Rahman Proton , Tahir Hasan , Singhal Atul , Boettcher Elke , Navarra Sandra , Readie Aimee , Mpofu Shephard , Delicha Eumorphia Maria , Pricop Luminita , van der Heijde Desirée
Published: July 2021

Objective

Secukinumab provided sustained efficacy, low radiographic progression and consistent safety over 52 weeks in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the FUTURE 5 study. Here, we report 2-year (end-of-study) results from this study.

Methods

Adults with active PsA were randomised 2:2:2:3 to receive subcutaneous secukinumab 300 mg load (300 mg), 150 mg load (150 mg), 150 mg no load or placebo at baseline; weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4; and every 4 weeks thereafter. Secukinumab could be escalated from 150 mg to 300 mg starting at week 52, if active signs of disease were observed based on physician’s assessment. Assessments at week 104 (2 years) included clinical end points and radiographic damage (mean change in van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (vdH-mTSS)). Safety analysis included all patients who received ≥1 dose of study medication.

Results

Of the 996 patients randomised, 783 patients (78.6%) completed 2 years of treatment. Improvement in clinical end points was sustained through 2 years. The vdH-mTSS (mean change (SD)) was 0.10 (1.74; 300 mg), 0.52 (2.66; 150 mg) and 0.41 (2.20; 150 mg no load) at 2 years. The proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (change from baseline in vdH-mTSS ≤0.5) at 2 years was 89.5% (300 mg), 82.3% (150 mg) and 81.1% (150 mg no load).

Conclusion

Secukinumab with and without loading regimen provided sustained clinical efficacy and low radiographic progression through 2 years in patients with PsA. No new safety findings were reported.

Trial registration number

NCT02404350.
Kinetic modeling and numerical simulations to predict patient-specific responses to radiotherapy
Authors: Pang Liuyong , Liu Sanhong , Zhao Zhong , Song XinYu , Zhang Xinan , Tian Tianhai
Published: July 2021

Recent research indicates that quiescent tumor cells are significantly less radiosensitive with a greater repair capacity than proliferative cells. In order to better predict patient-specific responses to radiotherapy, we develop a mathematical model with treatment terms to describe dynamical behaviors of tumor growth. The global stabilities of the tumor-free equilibrium, the tumor-present equilibrium and the corresponding sufficient criteria are obtained. In addition, we simulate volumetric imaging data from 12 head-and-neck cancer patients and estimate the patient-specific responses to radiotherapy. Results indicate that radiosensitivity of proliferative cells is a critical factor that determines a successful radiotherapy. By comparison with previous simulation results, we find that the model presented in this paper is more suitable to describe the radiotherapy procedure of head-and-neck cancer. Finally, we discuss the influences of different radiotherapy strategies on therapeutic effect. The results show that treatment strategies with large dose or short treatment cycle can obtain better treatment effect.
Grain landscape and dielectric properties of ceramics based on sodium, calcium, strontium niobates, depending on the synthesis and sintering conditions, and mechanical processing
Authors: Zubarev J. Y. , Nazarenko A. V. , Nagaenko A. V. , Reznitchenko L. A.
Published: July 2021

The properties studying results of ceramics based on strontium, calcium and sodium niobates, which vary from the conditions of synthesis, sintering, and mechanical processing, are presented. The evolution of the grain structure of objects is traced depending on their phase filling during concentration changes in the composition and thermodynamic prehistory (preparation conditions).
Deep-Learning-Based Color Doppler Ultrasound Image Feature in the Diagnosis of Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Complicated with Sarcopenia
Authors: Bian Peng , Zhang Xiyu , Liu Ruihong , Li Huijie , Zhang Qingqing , Dai Baoling
Published: July 2021

The neural network algorithm of deep learning was applied to optimize and improve color Doppler ultrasound images, which was used for the research on elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated with sarcopenia, so as to analyze the effect of the deep-learning-based color Doppler ultrasound image on the diagnosis of CHF. 259 patients were selected randomly in this study, who were admitted to hospital from October 2017 to March 2020 and were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Then, all of them underwent cardiac ultrasound examination and were divided into two groups according to whether deep learning technology was used for image processing or not. A group of routine unprocessed images was set as the control group, and the images processed by deep learning were set as the experimental group. The results of color Doppler images before and after processing were analyzed and compared; that is, the processed images of the experimental group were clearer and had higher resolution than the unprocessed images of the control group, with the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) = 20 and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) = 0.09; the similarity between the final diagnosis results and the examination results of the experimental group (93.5%) was higher than that of the control group (87.0%), and the comparison was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

); among all the patients diagnosed with sarcopenia, 88.9% were also eventually diagnosed with CHF and only a small part of them were diagnosed with other diseases, with statistical significance (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, deep learning technology had certain application value in processing color Doppler ultrasound images. Although there was no obvious difference between the color Doppler ultrasound images before and after processing, they could all make a better diagnosis. Moreover, the research results showed the correlation between CHF and sarcopenia.
High-Precision Numerical Simulation on the Cyclic High-Pressure Water Slug Injection in a Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Zhan Jie , Fan Chao , Ma Xianlin , Zheng Zigang , Su Zezhong , Niu Zhihao
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a novel waterflooding technique, coupling cyclic high-pressure water slug injection with an asynchronous injection and production procedure, to address the inefficient development of low-permeability oil reservoir in Shengli Oilfield, a pilot test with 5-spot well pattern. Based on the first-hand data from the pilot test, the reservoir model is established. With an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the novel waterflooding technique, different simulation schemes are employed to screen the best scheme to finely investigate the historical performance of the pilot test. The production characteristics of the pilot test are both qualitatively and quantitatively investigated. It is found that the novel waterflooding technique can provide pressure support within a short period. And the formation around the injector is significantly activated and deformed. Once passing the short stage of the small elastic deformation, the reservoir immediately goes through the dilation deformation accompanied with the opening of microfractures so that the reservoir properties are significantly improved, which leads to better reservoir performance. With the multicyclic dilation-recompaction geomechanical model, the impact of pressure cyclic evolution on the reservoir properties and performance under the novel waterflooding mode of cyclic high-pressure water slug injection is taken into consideration. The historical data of the pilot test is well matched. In the study, a high-precision simulation scheme for the novel waterflooding technique in low-permeability reservoirs is proposed, which provides significant technical support for further optimization of the pilot test and large-scale application of the novel waterflooding technique.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performance between Perfusion-Related Intravoxel Incoherent Motion DWI and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Li Ming , Xu Xiaodan , Xia Kaijian , Jiang Heng , Jiang Jianlong , Sun Jinbing , Lu Zhihua
Published: July 2021

This study was aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of perfusion-related parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) by comparing them with quantitative parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) based on differentiation grades of rectal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 98 patients with rectal cancer. Perfusion-related IVIM parameters (

D

∗

,

f

, and

f

·

D

∗

) and quantitative DCE parameters (

K

trans

,

K

ep

,

V

e

, and

V

p

) were obtained by plotting the volume-of-interest on in-house software. Furthermore, we compared the difference and diagnostic performance of all well-moderately and poorly differentiated rectal cancer parameters. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between those DCE and IVIM parameters and pathological differentiation grade. The values of

f

,

K

trans

, and

K

ep

significantly differentiated poor and well-moderate rectal cancers.

K

trans

achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value compared to perfusion-related IVIM and DCE parameters. Furthermore,

K

trans

showed a better correlation with pathological differentiation grade than

f

. The diagnostic efficiency of DCE-MRI was greater than perfusion-related IVIM parameters. The

f

value derived from perfusion-related IVIM offered a diagnostic performance similar to DCE-MRI for patients with renal insufficiency.