bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Styrene-Divinylbenzene Beads as a Support to Immobilize Lipases
Authors: Garcia-Galan Cristina , Barbosa Oveimar , Hernandez Karel , Santos Jose , Rodrigues Rafael , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: June 2014

A commercial and very hydrophobic styrene-divinylbenzene matrix, MCI GEL® CHP20P, has been compared to octyl-Sepharose® beads as support to immobilize three different enzymes: lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and from Rhizomucor miehie (RML) and Lecitase® Ultra, a commercial artificial phospholipase. The immobilization mechanism on both supports was similar: interfacial activation of the enzymes versus the hydrophobic surface of the supports. Immobilization rate and loading capacity is much higher using MCI GEL® CHP20P compared to octyl-Sepharose® (87.2 mg protein/g of support using TLL, 310 mg/g using RML and 180 mg/g using Lecitase® Ultra). The thermal stability of all new preparations is much lower than that of the standard octyl-Sepharose® immobilized preparations, while the opposite occurs when the inactivations were performed in the presence of organic co-solvents. Regarding the hydrolytic activities, the results were strongly dependent on the substrate and pH of measurement. Octyl-Sepharose® immobilized enzymes were more active versus p-NPB than the enzymes immobilized on MCI GEL® CHP20P, while RML became 700-fold less active versus methyl phenylacetate. Thus, the immobilization of a lipase on this matrix needs to be empirically evaluated, since it may present very positive effects in some cases while in other cases it may have very negative ones.
Formylation of Amines
Authors: Gerack Ciera , McElwee-White Lisa
Published: June 2014

Methods to convert amines to formamides are of interest due to the many uses of formamides as synthetic intermediates. These methods include stoichiometric reactions of formylating reagents and catalytic reactions with CO as the carbonyl source. This review discusses the reported stoichiometric and catalytic approaches for preparation of formamides.
Vitamin D Level and Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis
Authors: Jovanovich Anna , Ginde Adit , Holmen John , Jablonski Kristen , Allyn Rebecca , Kendrick Jessica , Chonchol Michel
Published: June 2014

Previous research has reported reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels is associated with acute infectious illness. The relationship between vitamin D status, measured prior to acute infectious illness, with risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and sepsis has not been examined. Community-living individuals hospitalized with CAP or sepsis were age-, sex-, race-, and season-matched with controls. ICD-9 codes identified CAP and sepsis; chest radiograph confirmed CAP. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured up to 15 months prior to hospitalization. Regression models adjusted for diabetes, renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease evaluated the association of 25(OH)D levels with CAP or sepsis risk. A total of 132 CAP patients and controls were 60 ± 17 years, 71% female, and 86% Caucasian. The 25(OH)D levels <37 nmol/L (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.57, 95% CI 1.08–6.08) were strongly associated with increased odds of CAP hospitalization. A total of 422 sepsis patients and controls were 65 ± 14 years, 59% female, and 91% Caucasian. The 25(OH)D levels <37 nmol/L (adjusted OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–2.77) were associated with increased odds of sepsis hospitalization. Vitamin D status was inversely associated with risk of CAP and sepsis hospitalization in a community-living adult population. Further clinical trials are needed to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce risk of infections, including CAP and sepsis.
Design Issues for Hexapod Walking Robots
Authors: Tedeschi Franco , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: June 2014

Hexapod walking robots have attracted considerable attention for several decades. Many studies have been carried out in research centers, universities and industries. However, only in the recent past have efficient walking machines been conceived, designed and built with performances that can be suitable for practical applications. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art on hexapod walking robots by referring both to the early design solutions and the most recent achievements. Careful attention is given to the main design issues and constraints that influence the technical feasibility and operation performance. A design procedure is outlined in order to systematically design a hexapod walking robot. In particular, the proposed design procedure takes into account the main features, such as mechanical structure and leg configuration, actuating and driving systems, payload, motion conditions, and walking gait. A case study is described in order to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design procedure.
A Circa 2010 Thirty Meter Resolution Forest Map for China
Authors: Li Congcong , Wang Jie , Hu Luanyun , Yu Le , Clinton Nicholas , Huang Huabing , Yang Jun , Gong Peng
Published: June 2014

This study examines the suitability of 30 m Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), 250 m time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and other auxiliary datasets for mapping forest extent in China at 30 m resolution circa 2010. We calculated numerous spectral features, EVI time series, and topographical features that are helpful for forest/non-forest distinction. In this research, extensive efforts have been made in developing training samples over difficult to map or complex regions. Scene by scene quality checking was done on the initial forest extent results and low quality results were refined until satisfactory. Based on the forest extent mask, we classified the forested area into 6 types (evergreen/deciduous broadleaf, evergreen/deciduous needleleaf, mixed forests, and bamboos). Accuracy assessment of our forest/non-forest classification using 2195 test sample units independent of the training sample indicates that the producer’s accuracy (PA) and user’s accuracy (UA) are 92.0% and 95.7%, respectively. According to this map, the total forested area in China was 164.90 million ha (Mha) circa 2010. It is close to the forest area of 7th National Forest Resource Inventory with the same definition of forest. The overall accuracy for the more detailed forest type classification is 72.7%.
Remote Sensing Estimates of Grassland Aboveground Biomass Based on MODIS Net Primary Productivity (NPP): A Case Study in the Xilingol Grassland of Northern China
Authors: Zhao Fen , Xu Bin , Yang Xiuchun , Jin Yunxiang , Li Jinya , Xia Lang , Chen Shi , Ma Hailong
Published: June 2014

The precise and rapid estimation of grassland biomass is an important scientific issue in grassland ecosystem research. In this study, based on a field survey of 1205 sites together with biomass data of the Xilingol grassland for the years 2005–2012 and the “accumulated” MODIS productivity starting from the beginning of growing season, we built regression models to estimate the aboveground biomass of the Xilingol grassland during the growing season, then further analyzed the overall condition of the grassland and the spatial and temporal distribution of the aboveground biomass. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The unitary linear model based on the field survey data and “accumulated” MODIS productivity data is the optimum model for estimating the aboveground biomass of the Xilingol grassland during the growing period, with the model accuracy reaching 69%; (2) The average aboveground biomass in the Xilingol grassland for the years 2005–2012 was estimated to be 14.35 Tg, and the average aboveground biomass density was estimated to be 71.32 g∙m−2; (3) The overall variation in the aboveground biomass showed a decreasing trend from the eastern meadow grassland to the western desert grassland; (4) There were obvious fluctuations in the aboveground biomass of the Xilingol grassland for the years 2005–2012, ranging from 10.56–17.54 Tg. Additionally, several differences in the interannual changes in aboveground biomass were observed among the various types of grassland. Large variations occurred in the temperate meadow-steppe and the typical grassland; whereas there was little change in the temperate desert-steppe and temperate steppe-desert.
Genetically-Improved Tilapia Strains in Africa: Potential Benefits and Negative Impacts
Authors: Ansah Yaw , Frimpong Emmanuel , Hallerman Eric
Published: June 2014

Two genetically improved tilapia strains (GIFT and Akosombo) have been created with Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), which is native to Africa. In particular, GIFT has been shown to be significantly superior to local African tilapia strains in terms of growth rate. While development economists see the potential for food security and poverty reduction in Africa from culture of these new strains of tilapia, conservationists are wary of potential ecological and genetic impacts on receiving ecosystems and native stocks of tilapia. This study reviews the history of the GIFT technology, and identifies potential environmental and genetic risks of improved and farmed strains and tilapia in general. We also estimate the potential economic gains from the introduction of genetically improved strains in Africa, using Ghana as a case country. Employing a combination of the Economic-Surplus model and Monte Carlo simulation, we found the mean net present value (NPV) of the introduction of the GIFT strain in Ghana to be approximately 1% of the country’s gross domestic product. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the difference in growth or yield between the GIFT and locally-available strains has the largest effect on mean NPV. We conclude that improvements in management practices and infrastructure could increase the yield and profitability of the local strains even if genetically-improved strains are not introduced. These improvements also will ensure the realization of the full potential of introduced strains.
Design and synthesis of multivalent neoglycoconjugates by click conjugations
Authors: Ding Feiqing , Ji Li , William Ronny , Chai Hua , Liu Xue-Wei
Published: June 2014

A highly stereoselective BF3∙OEt2-promoted tandem hydroamination/glycosylation on glycal scaffolds has been developed to form propargyl 3-tosylamino-2,3-dideoxysugars in a one-pot manner. Subsequent construction of multivalent 3-tosylamino-2,3-dideoxyneoglycoconjugates with potential biochemical applications was presented herein involving click conjugations as the key reaction step. The copper-catalyzed regioselective click reaction was tremendously accelerated with assistance of microwave irradiation.
A Randomized Study of Standard versus Double dose Oseltamivir for Treating Influenza in the Community
Authors: Dixit Rashmi , Khandaker Gulam , Hay Peter , McPhie Kenneth , Taylor Janette , Rashid Harunor , Heron Leon , Dwyer Dominic , Booy Robert
Published: June 2014

Background

The neuraminidase inhibitors are the treatment of choice for influenza virus infection. Oseltamivir-resistant (OsR) strains of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 are described, but the effect of higher dose oseltamivir on efficacy, safety and emergence of resistance has not been addressed in the developed setting in outpatients. The objectives of the study were to compare standard dose (SD) versus double dose (DD) oseltamivir regimens for frequency of detecting OsR influenza virus, clinical disease resolution, virological clearance and adverse events.

Methods

This was an unblinded randomized controlled trial of community-based patients with confirmed influenza. Participants were randomized to a 5-day regimen of either SD or DD oseltamivir.

Results

Of 52 participants (aged 4.8–54.8 years), 25 received SD and 27 DD oseltamivir. Clinical resolution did not differ by dosing regimen ( P=0.43); neither did virological clearance differ for either influenza A ( P=0.20) or B ( P=0.70). Adverse events, predominantly gastrointestinal, were greater with DD than SD ( P=0.04). One OsR strain was detected prior to treatment and two individuals developed OsR strains during treatment, one each on SD and DD. Those with OsR strains did not appear to have a different clinical course.

Conclusions

DD oseltamivir did not appear to provide a clinical or virological advantage, nor reduce the emergence of oseltamivir resistance, but our study was underpowered. Adverse events occurred more frequently on DD compared to SD oseltamivir.
Beneficial effects of human milk oligosaccharides on gut microbiota
Authors: Musilova S. , Rada V. , Vlkova E. , Bunesova V.
Published: June 2014

Human milk is the gold standard for nourishment of early infants because it contains a number of bioactive components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The high concentration and structural diversity of HMOs are unique to humans. HMOs are a group of complex and diverse glycans that are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and reach the infant colon as the first prebiotics. N-acetyl-glucosamine containing oligosaccharides were first identified 50 years ago as the ‘bifidus factor’, a selective growth substrate for intestinal bifidobacteria, thus providing a conceptual basis for HMO-specific bifidogenic activity. Bifidobacterial species are the main utilisers of HMOs in the gastrointestinal tract and represent the dominant microbiota of breast-fed infants, and they may play an important role in maintaining the general health of newborn children. Oligosaccharides are also known to directly interact with the surface of pathogenic bacteria, and various oligosaccharides in milk are believed to inhibit the binding of pathogens and toxins to host cell receptors. Furthermore, HMOs are thought to contribute to the development of infant intestine and brain. Oligosaccharides currently added to infant formula are structurally different from the oligosaccharides naturally occurring in human milk and, therefore, they are unlikely to mimic some of the structure-specific effects. In this review, we describe how HMOs can modulate gut microbiota. This article summarises information up to date about the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and HMOs, and other possible indirect effects of HMOs on intestinal environment.
Enemigos por accidente, neutrales de rebote: diversidad y contingencia en el nacimiento del humanitarismo de guerra, 1862-1864
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Guillermo
Published: June 2014

La historiografía sobre el origen y los primeros años del movimiento de sociedades de la Cruz Roja y la Media Luna Roja está, en general, muy contaminado por un relato cuyo principal artífice fue el propio Henry Dunant. Tanto, que no encuentra el modo de dar una explicación satisfactoria a cómo el intento de apuesta por una tecnología sanitaria acaba convertido en la constitución de una tecnología jurídica como es el Derecho Humanitario. Intentando evitar esa contaminación, se ofrece una descripción de ese recorrido dando evidencias de cómo una tecnología, incluso una tan respetada como la Convención de Ginebra de 1864, puede producirse contingentemente sin ser buscada, ni siquiera imaginada en los círculos en los que se produce, por la interacción de la diversidad como acción colectiva, sin tener que acudir al artificio de explicaciones que exigen que los resultados lo sean de recorridos intencionales exitosos.
El socorro humanitario en tiempo de paz: divergencias iniciales en el movimiento internacional de la Cruz Roja, 1867-1884
Authors: Arrizabalaga Jon , Sánchez-Martínez Guillermo
Published: June 2014

Cuando, apenas cinco años después de su puesta en marcha, el movimiento de sociedades de socorro a los soldados heridos en campaña en caso de guerras internacionales se propuso examinar en qué deberían consistir sus actividades en tiempo de paz, se abrieron los debates sobre la posibilidad de ampliar su campo de actuación a otros escenarios y calamidades. Se analiza cómo fueron esos debates, ofreciendo muestras de cómo (a) el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR) defendió no añadir objetivos civiles entre los propósitos humanitarios del movimiento internacional hasta después de la Primera Guerra Mundial; y (b) diferentes sociedades nacionales y comités de la Cruz Roja, discrepando de esa posición, defendieron, en el marco de los paradigmas emergentes en la higiene y la salud pública, la asistencia a pobres enfermos y se implicaron, tan pronto como en las décadas de 1870 y 1880, tanto en la intervención rutinaria en socorro de enfermos y heridos en la vida diaria, como en la atención a catástrofes naturales y producidas por el hombre.
Sobre las “tareas de guerra” y el “trabajo de paz”. La Cruz Roja de las Indias Orientales Holandesas entre las guerras coloniales y la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Van Bergen Leo
Published: June 2014

Tras el fin de las guerras contra Aceh (1873-1907), el dominio holandés sobre la India Oriental Holandesa fue total. La Cruz Roja de las Indias Orientales Holandesas (DEIRC) quedaba a la espera de una nueva tarea: prepararse para proporcionar ayuda en caso de una invasión extranjera. El problema era que el final de las guerras contra las “rebeliones” autóctonas también significaba el fin de la visibilidad de la Cruz Roja y, a juicio de muchos, el final de la perentoriedad de la Cruz Roja. El socorro en guerras contra un adversario real era desde el punto de vista de las relaciones públicas mucho más importante que los preparativos de socorro contra un enemigo desconocido. El “trabajo en tiempo de paz” debía ser la respuesta a este problema, si bien resultó diferente solo de palabra, no de hecho, en relación a los preparativos de socorro en tiempo de guerra. A través del “trabajo en tiempo de paz”, la DEIRC se preparó para las tareas relacionadas con la guerra. Para poder cumplir este último objetivo, la Cruz Roja debía conseguir suficientes médicos, enfermeras y camilleros. Las tareas visibles en tiempo de paz debían suministrarlos. Ello amplió la popularidad de la Cruz Roja y formó a sus voluntarios. Sin embargo, a comienzos de 1942, cuando el ejército japonés invadió las Indias Orientales Holandesas, todo resultó demasiado poco y demasiado tarde.
¿Dobles o espíritus? Las teorías del desdoblamiento frente al espiritismo en la España de principios del siglo XX
Authors: Graus Andrea
Published: June 2014

El presente artículo aborda la relación entre las teorías del desdoblamiento y el espiritismo en España. Se exponen dos casos acontecidos a principios del siglo XX. El primero describe el desdoblamiento de la personalidad que el médico Víctor Melcior atribuyó a la médium Teresa Esquius. El segundo trata la polémica, entre el astrónomo Josep Comas y el espiritista Jacint Fornaguera, respecto al desdoblamiento corporal en la médium Carmen Domínguez. Se argumenta que esta clase de debates favorecieron el estudio científico de la mediumnidad.
La psiquiatría española y Jacques Lacan antes de 1975
Authors: Druet Anne Cécile
Published: June 2014

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la presencia de Jacques Lacan en el ámbito psiquiátrico español antes de 1975. Se aborda en un primer momento esta cuestión a través del escrutinio de la prensa psiquiátrica y del análisis de las referencias a Lacan que aparecen en ella (origen, características, y evolución en términos cuantitativos y cualitativos). Se aborda a continuación la historia, el contexto y las consecuencias de las dos conferencias que Jacques Lacan, invitado por los psiquiatras españoles, dio en Barcelona en 1958 y 1972.
Los Pacientes del ‘Hospital de paisanos’ de Zamora en el Siglo XVIII
Authors: Pérez Álvarez María José
Published: June 2014

El gran número de hospitales que tuvo la ciudad de Zamora durante la Edad Media quedó notablemente simplificado en la época Moderna. La fundación en el siglo XVI del hospital de Sotelo y en el XVII de La Encarnación, supuso dotar a la ciudad con dos importantes centros que ofrecía atención médico-sanitaria. Este trabajo está centrado en el de La Encarnación, entre cuyos administradores se hallaban el Ayuntamiento y el Cabildo de la Catedral, y el objeto de análisis han sido los asistidos. A partir de los registros de ingreso y defunciones, dependiendo del momento, hemos trazado el perfil de los mismos, pero, sobre todo, nos hemos centrado en el radio de influencia del establecimiento, que, como hemos podido comprobar, superaba ampliamente el marco geográfico de emplazamiento.
El ensayo Ars Medica de John Locke, y la influencia de sus ideas médicas sobre la filosofía empirista
Authors: Sánchez González Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2014

Se presenta, analiza y traduce por primera vez al castellano, el ensayo Ars Medica escrito por John Locke en 1669. Este ensayo muestra los problemas médicos que dieron origen al conjunto de la filosofía de Locke; y ofrece claves esenciales para comprender los motivos, las metas y los rasgos de la teoría del conocimiento empirista. Ideas originariamente médicas que tuvieron una repercusión directa en la obra posterior de Locke fueron: 1) Confianza en la perfectibilidad de la ciencia y elucidación del papel que la reflexión filosófica podía desempeñar en ello. 2) Rechazo del conocimiento deducido de principios, hipótesis o máximas. 3) El método «histórico simple» para edificar el conocimiento; que intentaba registrar los hechos descriptivamente, renunciando al estudio de las causas últimas. 4) Una clasificación tripartita de las ciencias que instaura la semiótica, ciencia médica por antonomasia, y la define como un mero conocimiento de los signos de las cosas, que no pretende discernir las esencias ni las sustancias. Locke, en su epistemología, generaliza para todo el conocimiento científico la teoría médica de los signos de las enfermedades. Convierte todo conocimiento posible se en mero saber descriptivo de signos. Y atribuye al conocimiento un carácter probabilístico y pragmático.
Aerodynamic Parameter Identification of UAV Based on Output-Error Method
Authors: Tu Hai Feng , Liu Li
Published: June 2014

Aerodynamic parameter identification technology is an important method to get the aerodynamic parameter of flight vehicles. The mathematical models of flight vehicles are generally nonlinear form. In order to remove the model error caused by linearization, the output-error method has been adopted to identify the aerodynamic parameters in the longitudinal nonlinear model of an UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) in this paper. Longitudinal nonlinear state and output equations of the UAV are established. Then simulation data of longitudinal nonlinear model with measurement noise is used to verify this method. The results show that the unknown aerodynamic parameters in the nonlinear model can be effectively identified by this method.
Research on Adaptive PID Control for Load Simulator with Varying Load
Authors: Tian Ju , Chen Yao
Published: June 2014

The electro-hydraulic load simulator is an important equipment for aircraft hardware-in-the-loop simulation. An adaptive PID control method for compensating extraneous torque with simple structure and easy to implement is proposed according to the variation characteristics of load gradient in the load simulator. The control parameter tuning method is also given.
Multiple Microprocessor Neural Network Master-Slave Control System in the Application of the Coaxial Control System
Authors: Mao Gang Yuan , Liu Hui Kang , Yang Yin Xian , Huang Fei
Published: June 2014

This article is mainly based on the host parameters design a neural network controller, using neural networks enable from the machine's speed and torque have followed the host, so as to achieve a master-slave follow mode. And then, depending on the design parameters for simulation and operation, and puts forward the two coaxial motor control system speed concept ring adopts a master-slave control to achieve the same speed.
The Relations between UT1 Precision and Radio Source Sky-Coverage
Authors: Gao Jin Ning , Zhang Zhi Bin , Wang Shao Zhou
Published: June 2014

All INT2 sessions from 2002 to 2009 are calculated in this paper, the UT1 corrections calculated by the observations and the periodical change rules of its formal deviation are analyzed with Jurkevich and Fourier methods, and several cases about the corresponding radio source sky-coverage of INT2 sessions are pointed out. According to the results, the atmospheric excitation in summer probably influence the UT1 estimation about 1.5μs, and effective radio source sky-coverage can make up for the defects of few observation scan.
Application of DMC Algorithm on pH Control of WFGD System
Authors: Guo Shan Shan , Dong Ze
Published: June 2014

The paper studies on wet flue gas desulfurization process and the factors of affecting the desulfurization efficiency, and analyses the control system of the absorber slurry pH value. The conventional PID control is difficult to achieve satisfactory control effect, so it puts forward the predictive control scheme based on Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) algorithm to identify and control the change of pH value. Simulation results show that under the control of DMC algorithm, the slurry pH value has a good tracking for setting input and its changes , reflecting a high degree of adaptability. The control with low overshoot and good accuracy is better than conventional PID control and meets the requirements of real-time control.
Research of the Inverted Pendulum System Based on the Linear Quadratic Optimal Control
Authors: Qi Shu Fen , Liu Huan Huan , Tian Hong Tao
Published: June 2014

As an ideal experimental method in the study of control theory, inverted pendulum system is an indispensable tool to examine the effects of control strategy. In this paper the corresponding mathematical model and the state space equation are established according to studying the working principle and balance control problem of the single stage linear inverted pendulum system. Using MATLAB solves them and gets the consequences. Finally, the linear quadratic optimal control strategy is used to design the controller of single-stage inverted pendulum system, and a simulation study is carried out. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the most sorrow regulator of the quadratic. And basic rule can be found out between the dynamic response of the inverted pendulum system and weighting matricesandin the LQR.
The Research of GPS Elevation Fitting Considering the Influence of Covariance Function
Authors: Liu Li Long , Zhang Teng Xu , Zhou Miao , He Lin , Huang Liang Ke
Published: June 2014

The common method to determine Quasi-Geoids is GPS leveling however the Quasi-Geoid of this method determined is a kind of trend surface which not take the physical property of geoid into consideration, and the fitting method is surface fitting which only consider the surveying error, lead to inaccurate fitting result. In allusion to these problems, Remove-restore method is used to remove the long wave information of earth gravity field model to get more smooth residual gravity height anomaly, then compared the influence of different covariance function to the fitting result of least square collocation which take surveying error and model error into account. The results show that Gaussian and resemble Gaussian function can achieve higher fitting precision to the large area with height anomaly value changes significance; the Remove-restore method can effectively improve the fitting precision to least square collocation method which depend on the covariance value of each points.
Research on Engine Control System Test Based on Airworthiness Standard
Authors: Zhang Long , Yue Ning , Hou Sheng Ping , Bai Meng
Published: June 2014

System security and reliability play an important role in the engine electronic control system airworthiness certification process. System performance validation tests and environmental tests are the most important and effective method to determine and verify the system secrurity and reliability. In this paper,the process and main point for the engine control system certification will be given based on the Performance Validation Tests and Environmental Tests.
A 1553B Remote Terminal FPGA Interface Design Based on BU61580
Authors: Xie Min , Zhang Yu , Liu Guo Man
Published: June 2014

In order to provide convenience for users to access the MIL-STD-1553B bus, a remote terminal FPGA interface is developed in this paper using 1553B protocol and BU61580 protocol chip. 1553B communication is implemented by a protocol chip which is controlled by FPGA logics. A simple port for users to receive and transmit data is designed. The operation mechanism of FPGA logics and the implementing methods of FPGA function modules are described in detail. Test results show the validity.
Research on Three-Phase Calibration Method of HV Three-Phase Combined Transformer and its Implementation
Authors: Yang Hua Yun
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a three-phase calibration method which is that the three-phase voltage transformer or current transformer of HV three-phase combined transformer is calibrated in the same time with simulating real running state is proposed. And a standard calibrating apparatus which is used to implementation three-phase calibration method is designed. The structure, working principle, technical characteristics, test circuit and test results of standard calibrating apparatus are given out. The large test results show that the error performance in real running state of 10kV-35kV HV three-phase combined transformer can be calibrated accurately and the error caused by the mutual influence between the voltage transformer or current transformer can be detected out with the proposed three-phase calibration method and apparatus.
Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of Crack Network in Shale by CT
Authors: Sun Qing Hua , Deng Jin Gen , Chen Zhuo , Xu Yong Meng , Yang Heng Lin , Liu Hai Long
Published: June 2014

During the drilling process of shale gas horizontal well, wellbore instability problem happens frequently. Especially in the horizontal interval, shale which has high levels of gamma is more likely to collapse which lead to delays, and exist certainly collapse period. The development of shale gas is restricted seriously. Research on the formation process of cracks network around the wellbore by CT chromatographic technique. The result reveals that under the condition of uniaxial compression, the cracks initiated inside the shale formation around the wellbore, with the propagation of cracks, between the orientation of cracks and the maximum stress direction will emerge a certain deviated angle. The drilling fluid filtrates into the formation and reduce the strength of rock which will prompt crack propagation and form crack network. Finally the wellbore will collapse with drilling fluid continuous invasion, because the invasion have altered the stress intensity factor at fracture tip, and changed the propagating direction of crack and the friction coefficient of fracture plane, which will reduce the strength of rock and the effective stress of the rock around the wellbore. Crack network dominates the mechanism of instability; mud weight increases do not necessarily lead to a more stable borehole and can further destabilize the wellbore.
Enabling Standardization in Shear Bond Strength Tests for Orthodontic Adhesives on Natural Teeth by Using an Innovative Grip Accessory for the Testing Machine
Authors: Mesaros Anca Stefania , Furtos Gabriel , Mesaros Michaela F. , Badea Mindra E.
Published: June 2014

Shear Bond Strength testing is one of the most common used tests for Orthodontics Adhesives. However, the standardizations of such procedures is quite difficult due to a large number of factors. While scientists are designing their studies in order to reduce errors, sometime they may find themselves in front of technical difficulties. A custom device was developed in order to allow a testing procedure that is closer to in vitro conditions. The device, mounted on a material testing machine permits sample inclination to a degree that reduces tensile component to the shear stress, therefore more accurate readings of the values are available and standardization of shear bond testing procedures is more probable.
Research and Application of Chain Type APF Using PIλ Current Inner-Loop Controller in the Outer Superconducting Magnet
Authors: Qian Ping , Li Man , Liu Jia , Liu Xiao Ning , Ye Yin Zhong
Published: June 2014

Steady-state magnetic field Superconducting magnets power supply with double inverse star thyristor rectifier technology solutions, is a typical non-linear loads, will bring great reactive power impact and harmonic pollution at runtime. This paper according to the scheme of scientific facility chain type high voltage active power filter (APF), combined with the non-linear characteristics of the active filter system and proposed a current inner-loop decoupling method using fractional order PI controller instead of ordinary PI controller. Based on the improved Oustaloup algorithm, the solution of fractional order calculus is realized. Finally, the working effect of fractional order PI controller and ordinary PI controller are comparative analysis through simulation and experimental results, the results show that: fractional order current inner-loop PI controller used in this paper is correct, and has a certain reference value.
A Beamforming Pilots Scheme for Massive MIMO System
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hao Dong Lai , Liu Xiang Yang
Published: June 2014

To acquire channel state information for Massive MIMO system , a downlink beamforming pilots scheme is proposed for efficient channel estimation. The channel estimation overhead of the proposed scheme is independent on the BS antenna numbers, and is only proportional to user numbers. MMSE precoding method is derived to implement the proposed scheme. Finally in simulation the proposed algorithm is compared with conventional algorithms without beaforming training in spectral efficiency performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better than the existing schemes.
A Precoding Strategy for Massive MIMO System
Authors: Zhang Hong , Hao Dong Lai , Liu Xiang Yang
Published: June 2014

The computational precoding complexity increases with its dimensions in massive multiple-input multiple-output system. A precoding scheme based on the truncated polynomial expansion is proposed, the hardware implementation is described for the superiority of the algorithm compared with the conventional regularized zero forcing precoding. Finally, under different channel conditions, the simulation results show that the average achievable rate will increase infinitely approaches the regularized zero forcing precoding simulation in a certain order, the polynomial order does not need to scale with the system dimensions.
An Compensation Method of Polymer Arrayed Waveguide Grating
Authors: Qin Zheng Kun , Song Jia , Zhao Tong Yu , Wang Yu Hai , Wang Chun Wu , Song Ming Xing
Published: June 2014

An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer with flat spectral response has been designed and fabricated by using FPE polymer materials. Experimental results show that the central wavelength is 1550.86 nm, and 3-dB bandwidth is about 0.478 nm, insertion loss is 10.5 dB. Simulated results show that fabrication processing result in the shift of the transmission spectrum compared with the device theoretically designed. Furthermore, the transmission characteristics are discussed, and some efficient ways are reported.
Frequency Characteristics and Conversion of Microwave Photons
Authors: Zhao Lan , Zhao Wen Lei
Published: June 2014

The microwave frequency conversion technology, also known as mixers, RF and microwave system is the transmitter and the receiver have the basic functions. Microwave photon system, instead of the traditional high-speed optoelectronic devices electronic device to overcome the conventional signal processing electronics in the electronic bottleneck. In this paper, respectively, modulators and optical devices based on nonlinear effects of microwave photon frequency conversion methods are summarized, research and verify the bandpass filter can achieve frequency conversion scheme.
Correction of the Popular Bias Test Method Recommended by ISO/TS16949 for Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Yang Si Yuan Frank
Published: June 2014

Measurement systems play important roles in producing consistent, high quality products in manufacturing industries. An important requirement for a measurement system is the consistency or stability of its measurement results. The measurement bias needs to be checked periodically in production to decide whether the measurement system needs to be recalibrated timely to maintain the consistency. A very popular conventional method of statistical bias test recommended by ISO/TS16949 for manufacturing industries has been reviewed. Its flaws and problems are pointed out and illustrated with special examples. A new method of engineering bias test and its equivalent accuracy test have been proposed to correct the problems of the conventional statistical bias test.
Research on the Design Method of the Navigation Message for GLONASS Signal Simulator
Authors: Li Huai Jian , Feng Si Song , Wu Xin Bo
Published: June 2014

Navigation message provides receivers with important information about the satellite ephemeris, satellite work status and time systems. Correct navigation message enables receivers to achieve the rapid positioning, time service and other functions. The generation of navigation data is a key part of the GLONASS signal simulator.This paper studies the software part of GLONASS satellite signal simulator and describes the generating process of navigation message in detail. This paper studies the structure of GLONASS signal simulator, focusing on the design and calculation of important parameters of navigation message. After commercial receivers test the output signal from the satellite signal simulator, analysis results show that the navigation message is reasonable in this design method.
Simulation Research of the Underground Coal Mine Wireless Signal Transmission Characteristics
Authors: Wang Juan , Wang Yi Hai , Wang An Hua , Wang Chang Pu
Published: June 2014

According to the special communication environment of the underground coal mine and the characteristic of high frequency electromagnetic wave approximation light propagation, this research adopts ray tracing method to simulate and analyze the characteristics of radio wave propagation in the underground roadway. The study not only is the theoretical basis for the development of wireless communication system in the underground, but also will provide an effective guarantee for safe production and modernization superintendence of coal mine.
A Triple-Loop Tracking Method for High-Order BOC-Modulated Signals
Authors: Wu Hua Bing , Liu Jun Liang , Hu Yong Hui
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a triple-loop trackingmethod for high-order binary-offset-carrier (BOC)modulated signals. We introduced the characteristics of high-order BOC signals, and then describedthe principle of the triple-loop tracking method, and outlined its framework. The proposed scheme isapplicable to both generic high-order sine- and cosine-phased BOC-modulated signals. The methodremoves the threats brought by the side-peaks ambiguities, while keeping the same sharp correlationof the main peak, thus, allowing for better tracking precision. Simulation results show the validity ofour method in improving the system tracking performances.
VMCK Transmission System Design for SDR Applications
Authors: Yang Liu , Zheng Guo Xin , Pan Chao , Chai Zhao Pu
Published: June 2014

Very minimum chirp keying (VMCK) as a novel high bandwidth efficiency modulation scheme is implemented on small form factor (SFF) software-defined radio (SDR). The VMCK transmission system model is elaborated based on Simulink within Matlab. Also, the final demodulation data stream at the output of the VMCK transmission system shows good performance in simulation. The transmitter and the receiver are designed on the SDR platform. The VMCK baseband signals with 2.5MHz are transmitted from Matlab workspace by ROM block, and then the VMCK signals are ratio frequency (RF) modulated with 432MHz. In addition, the RF receiving intermediate frequency (IF) signals with 30MHz on the SDR platform. The VMCK transmission model is easy to implement and has strong properties to resist synchronization error.
The Single Carrier MIMO System Based on Neural Network Rake Receiver
Authors: Jiang Zhi Chao , Mu Yong Min
Published: June 2014

Some defects can be found like flat fading, the low transmission efficiency and inter-symbol interference through the analysis of the signal model of SC-FDE system. An integrated solution was proposed by analyzing defect characteristics. The solution merged the technology of SC-FDE into MIMO system. And it used the neural network rake receiver in receiving terminal. The solution chose the weighted parameters in allusion to the differences among the signals of each path, and achieved the maximum diversity gain rates by the adaptive iterative algorithm of neural network. At last the implement logic of this system is described and the simulation is given to demonstrate the improvement of the performance of this system.
Based on Cisco 7603 Routers Achievement IPv4/IPv6 in Campus Network
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Bo Ping , Sun Ai Min
Published: June 2014

Three common transitional technologies are analyzed ,that is, the tunnel technique, the dual protocol stack, and the translation technique (NAT-PT).An updating technology solution of IPv6 for the campus network are proposed,especially for the routing technology of IPv6 using the Cisco 7603 router, finally, the installation and configuration of IPv6 are introduced Briefly.
General Planning Informatization Research Based on Whole Life Cycle of Hydropower Station for Basin Wide Hydropower Development Company
Authors: Cai Hua Long , Liu Jian Hua , Liu Yuan Shou
Published: June 2014

Along with the arrival of Chinese hydropower construction investment peak and the application of computer technology in the whole life cycle of hydropower station of every stage, isolated data appeared between different stages in the whole life cycle, as well as different professional module of the same stages. Based on the whole life cycle theory of hydropower station, overall planning informatization of basin wide hydropower development company was studied. The overall planning includes main information system modules of each stage of the whole life cycle of hydropower station, such as: basin wide or river planning stage, pre-feasibility study stage, feasibility study stage, bidding and construction stage, completion operating and maintenance stage and digitalization basin stage. Meanwhile, based on the transverse business sectors, management of comprehensive enterprise, hydropower station construction process, production operations, and function business modules of hydropower station was studied. After the implementation of the plan, whole process planning informatization is except to be unified, and a unified data model should be established. Finally, a new management model can be formed, the purpose of efficient management can be achieved.
Design of Simulation and Deduction Software for MC Equipment Tracking Ability Based on MapX and OSG
Authors: Hu Meng Zhong , Yi Tong Sheng , Pan Jia Liang
Published: June 2014

As to the difficult problem of simulation and deduction for the scheme optimization design and equipment support ability of measurement and control equipment, A set of software for simulating tracking ability of measurement and control equipment is developed based on MapX and OSG. It solves a series of problems including creating simulation models for measurement and control equipment, simulation of tracking ability and situation in 2-D GIS and 3-D GIS, rapid and visual method for designing and creating simulation route, dynamic state display for deduction data and etc. The work in this paper will provide theoretic foundation for station distribution, tracking strategy and safety control of TT&C system, which also raises the ability of TT&C system engineering design in shooting range.
Simulation Research of Charged Particle Discrimination Methods
Authors: Zhu Jin Tao , Liu Guo Fu , Yang Jun , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2014

A simple model was used to simulate the current pulse induced by charged particles with Si detector. With simulated current shapes of three element groups, H/D/T (6MeV), He-3/He-4 (15MeV) and Li-6/Li-7 (35MeV), three methods of pulse shape analysis (PSA), i.e. the m2-m3 method, the integration method and the second moment method, were compared and analyzed. Their discrimination performance and noise resisting property are investigated. The results show that the charge integration method and the m2-m3 method both have good discrimination performance and noise resisting property. While neither the discrimination performance nor the noise resisting property of the second moment method is satisfactory.
The Analysis of Function Calling Path in Java Based on Soot
Authors: Yan Ming Ming , Mu Yong Min , He Yu Jie , Liu Ang
Published: June 2014

In order to accurately obtain the Java program function calling path, and for facilitating automated testing and automatic test cases generation, the article puts forward an algorithm of Java function calling relation extraction based on Soot open source tools. Firstly, statically analyze within a single function calling relationship, define the function calling tree, and analyze the relationship between a single function calling tree and the program function calling graph. Then by combining algorithm to generate the process the function calling graph. Experiments prove that this algorithm can accurately and efficiently generate the Java function calling graph, and can guide the testers to design high efficiency and high coverage test cases.
Building the Informatization Integrated Service Platform for Ceramic Enterprises Based on SaaS
Authors: He Fu Bao , Zhang Yi Lai , Guo Tong Jun
Published: June 2014

Based on the informatization status analysis of the ceramic enterprises, combined with the advantages of SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) model, this paper presents proposing solutions of building the informatization integrated service platform for ceramic enterprises based on SaaS and analyzes the key technologies of building the platform. The platform can provide informatization services for ceramic enterprises like ceramics e-commerce, ceramic products pattern design, ceramic enterprises management and etc.
Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Parallel Scheduling
Authors: Li Xin Li
Published: June 2014

Large-scale data streams processing is now fundamental to many data processing applications. There is growing focus on manipulating Large-sca
le data streams on GPUs in order to improve the data throughput. Hence, there is a need to investigate the parallel scheduling strategy at the task level for the Large-scale data stream
s
processing, and to support them efficiently. We propose two different parallel scheduling strategies to handle massive data stream
s
in real time. Additionally, massive data stream
s
processing on GPUs is energy-consumed computation task. So we consider the power efficiency as an important factor to the parallel strategies. We present an approximation method to quantify the power efficiency for massive data streams during the computing phase. Finally, we test and compare the two parallel scheduling strategies on a large quantity of synthetic and real stream datas. The simulation experiments and compuatation results in practice both prove the accuracy of analysis on performance and power efficiency.