bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN BUDI PEKERTI SISWA DI SMK NUSANTARA JOMBANG
Authors: Naelasari Desy , Izza Nazilatul
Published: October 2021

Literacy is inseparable from the world of education. Literacy is a means for students to recognize, understand, and apply the knowledge they get in school. Literacy is also related to the lives of students, both at home and in the surrounding environment to foster noble character. The results of this study include: 1. The school literacy movement at SMK Nusantara is at the learning stage, namely the implementation of various strategies to understand texts in all subjects. Which is then supported by the use of physical, social, affective and academic environments accompanied by a variety of readings (print, visual, auditory, digital), which are rich in literacy outside textbooks to enrich knowledge in subjects. 2. The character of class X students in SMK Nusantara is enhanced by practicing morals towards God, towards others and the environment. 3. Implementation of the school literacy movement in improving the character of class X students at SMK Nusantara by: a. Examples or examples taken by the teacher, b. Spontaneous activity, c. Reprimand or punishment given to students who do not take part in literacy activities, d. The coding of the environment by providing a literal environment, e. Routine activities.
PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013 PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMP IT AD-DURRAH MEDAN
Authors: Yasir Saddan Yasir , Hamidah Hamidah , Anggia Putri Dewi
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyze the application of the 2013 Curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was carried out at SMP IT Ad-Durrah Medan. The research method used is a qualitative method, with a descriptive study model. The results of the study show that the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic at SMP IT Ad-Durrah Medan still carries out learning, but is done remotely based on an internet network. Policies are carried out by following government regulations. The implementation has an impact, namely 1) graduate competence is not achieved, 2) attitudinal competence is not achieved, 3) routine student activities are not carried out. The obstacles faced are 1) the difficulty of students understanding learning, 2) there are parents of students who cannot provide learning facilities, 3) cannot do simultaneous learning, 4) cannot optimally review student development.
Manajemen Pembelajaran Aswaja NU Di Madrasah Aliyah Unggulan (MAU) Hikmatul Amanah Pacet Mojokerto Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Bahri Syamsul
Published: October 2021

The results of the study were known that the management of learning Aswaja Annahdhliyah at the favorite Madrasah Aliyah Hikmatul Amanah Pacet Mojokerto in 2019/2020 conducted through 1) Lesson plan of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah outside the class was by reading the Prophet's blessings, Istighatsah, Wiridan, Yasinan, Tahlil and dalil annajah, while the lesson plan of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah in the classroom was by preparing learning tools, materials, learning resources, methods and customized media. 2) The implementation of learning Aswaja an-Nahdliyah outside of class was by habituation of the practices of Aswaja Annahdliyah, self-development, while the implementation of learning Aswaja An-Nahdliyah in the classroom was through opening, main and closing activities as well as using learning resource books, methods and media learning. 3) Evaluation of Aswaja An-Nahdhliyah learning was conducted with formative, summative, and diagnostic by daily task either written or spoken, the middle of semester, the end of semester, practice and the assessment of student weakness and factors of the cause.
Analisis Karakteristik Perilaku Manusia Konteks Kitab Targhib Wa Tarhib As-Syeikh Husein (Hafidz Al-Mundziri)
Authors: Arafah Novira , Ali Sarini Musyafi’ah , Hadi Samsul
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to describe and measure: (1) Characteristics of human behavior (2) Behavior based on the concept of the book Targhib wa Tarhib As-Syeikh Husein. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative is literature study. The results of this study indicate: (1) The characteristics of human behavior indicate a variety of human behavior. This diversity depends on how it is managed. In this case, of course, humans as the center of the center (2) Characteristics of human behavior in the context of Targhib wa Tarhib is to explain the Islamic concept of how behavior can refer to the direction of reward and punishment. Does something deserve appreciation or refers to the negligence that caused the punishment to be given. In this way, the Islamic concept also recognizes that praiseworthy behavior can be imitated, so that it is entitled to praise, praise and appreciation, while on the contrary, it is the same.
Peran Musabaqoh Qiroatul Kutub (MQK) Dalam Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Kitab Kuning Di Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Jombang
Authors: Kholik Moh. , Rozaq Abd , Puspita Dedi
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the role of Musabaqoh Qiroatul Kutub (MQK) in increasing motivation to learn the yellow book, which is focused on the implementation of Musabaqoh Qiroatul Kutub (MQK) at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Jombang, the motivation to learn the yellow book at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Jombang, how the role of Musabaqoh Qiroatul Kutub (MQK) in increasing motivation to learn the yellow book at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Sanan Puton Diwek Jombang. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with a case study design of data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using an interactive analysis model. The results of the study state that: 1. The MQK at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School is held every 27th Rojab which is carried out in accordance with the implementation and assessment techniques of the Ministry of Religion's MQK, only differing in determining the level and the winner. 2. The motivation to learn the yellow book at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School is low because it is influenced by interests, talents and thoughts about the times. The strategies applied are a) the development of learning such as learning nature, rihlah and halaqah. b) competitions such as wording in Arabic, quizzes, opening dictionaries, and MQK. 3. The application of Musabaqoh Qiroatul Pole (MQK) at the Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Jombang plays a very important role in increasing students' motivation to learn the yellow book. The development of a strategy by not eliminating the Islamic tradition in this age of technological development really needs to be done to increase motivation to learn the yellow book, so that the main goal of pesantren, namely to produce generations of good morals and generations of Ulama cadres, can still be achieved.
BİTPAZARLARINDAN, ELEKTRONİK KANALLARA: TÜRKİYE’DE TÜKETİCİDEN TÜKETİCİYE PAZARLARIN GELİŞİMİ VE TRENDLERİ
Authors: YASATEKİN Hilal , POLAT Volkan
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Türkiye’deki tüketiciden tüketiciye pazarlar nasıl bir değişim göstermiş? Bitpazarlarından, elektronik kanallara geçişte nasıl bir süreç izlenmiş? Günümüzde buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan yeni trendler nelerdir?” sorularına cevap vermeye çalışılarak ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Konuyla ilgili daha önce yapılmış araştırmalara anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak kartopu yöntemiyle (erişim sağlanan kaynaklardaki bilgiler ve kaynaklarda yer alan kaynakçalardan başka kaynaklara) ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı dikkate alınarak kavramsal çerçevenin oluşturulması için Google akademik (Google scholar) arama motoru kullanılmıştır. Google akademik veri tabanı üzerinden “pazarlar- elektronik pazarlar, tüketiciden tüketiciye pazarlar, bitpazarları, ikinci el pazarları, e-ticarette bitpazarları, e-ticarette ikinci el pazarlar, elektronik pazarlarda tüketici, bitpazarının tarihi’’ şeklinde anahtar kelimeler ve bu kelimelerin kombinasyonları kullanılarak ulaşılan makaleler, kitaplar ve konferans bildirileri incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak da internetten erişime açık gazete, dergi, kitap vb. kaynaklardan konuyla ilintili olabilecek kaynaklara ulaşılmaya çalışılarak araştırma genişletilmiştir. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile, Türkiye’de tüketiciden tüketiciye pazarların gelişimi, değişimi ve pazar çevresinde sürdürülen gelenek hakkında kavramsal bir çerçeve ortaya konmuştur. Geçmişte ‘’bitpazarları’’ olarak bilinen pazar türü günümüzde ‘’ikinci el pazarları’’ olarak e-ticarette varlığını devam ettirmekle birlikte, son dönemlerde yaşanan teknolojik ve ekonomik gelişmeler ile tüketiciler arasında rağbet edilen bir pazar alanını oluşturduğu görülmektedir. Bu yükselen trend tüketiciden tüketiciye pazarlar üzerine hem kavramsal hem ampirik araştırma ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır.
CEFR Based Learning Approach: Using Literature to Enhance EFL Students’ Reading Skills and Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Kaowiwattanakul Sukanya
Published: October 2021

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study whether the use of literature activities improved EFL students’ reading skills and critical thinking skills according to CEFR at C1 level; 2) investigate students’ critical thinking skills in studying a literature course; and 3) examine students’ attitudes towards the use of literature activities in developing reading skills and critical thinking skills. The sample consisted of 47 second-year English major students who were enrolled in the Introduction to Literature Course in the academic year 2020 at a public university in the northern part of Thailand. The instruments included five lesson plans using literature activities to develop reading skills and critical thinking skills, a reading test, a reflective writing task, and a list of semi-structured interview questions. T-test, mean, and standard deviation calculations including content analysis were used for data analysis. This study found that the EFL students’ reading skills and critical thinking skills improved significantly following participation in literature activities based on Reader-Response theory. The EFL students demonstrated average level critical thinking skills and they held positive attitudes towards the use of literature activities for developing reading skills and critical thinking skills.
Integration index for mobility as a service
Authors: He Yinying , Földes Dávid , Csiszár Csaba
Published: October 2021

The integration in transport informatics is facilitated by the rapid development of Information and Communication Technology. One of the realizations of the integration is Mobility as a Service (MaaS), which is proposed as a data-driven, user-centric, personalized mobility service. It integrates various forms of mobility services covering the entire travel chain. Qualitative methods have been applied in existing studies to analyse the integration of MaaS. However, a comprehensive quantitative method is still missing, which could be introduced as a supplementary tool to compare MaaS services. Therefore, we have developed a weighted elaboration method to calculate the complex integration index for MaaS systems. Three aspects are determined as variables, which are the functions of the MaaS application, involved transport modes as well as the tariff structure. Moreover, the organization as the backbone of such integration is considered as the fourth aspect. The integration phases of MaaS are introduced regarding these four aspects, then the calculation method of the complex index is developed by considering the weighted variables. Fourteen MaaS services are evaluated with the method and categorized by organization aspect. We found that public authority is proposed to be the inter-city MaaS operator, and the private company is proposed to be the MaaS operator in intra-city or national level. Our method may support decision-makers to have an abstract overview of MaaS and identify the possible development stage.
Increasing level crossing safety in urban areas - Case study City of Zagreb
Authors: Starčević Martin , Barić Danijela , Broz Ivan
Published: October 2021

Level crossings (LC’s) are one of the most dangerous points in railway traffic with frequent accidents that result in significant material damages and almost always fatalities. When level crossings are located within highly populated urban areas, they represent an even higher risk for accidents because of increased traffic volume for both the road and rail sectors. There are currently 34 level crossings in the City of Zagreb, some of which are on the roads with the highest traffic volume in the Republic of Croatia. Accident analyses on level crossings show poor traffic culture, especially pedestrians, which are intentionally disregarding traffic rules and showing poor judgment. This paper will show the existing condition and possible improvements of identified shortcomings of observed level crossings in the City of Zagreb and it will also present the existing level crossing regulations, classification, and safety on the railway network in the Republic of Croatia.
Application of traffic simulation models for urban road network analyses – case Studies from Rijeka city
Authors: Deluka-Tibljaš Aleksandra , Klasić Ivan , Šurdonja Sanja , Ištoka Otković Irena
Published: October 2021

The process of road network planning and designing in urban areas can be significantly improved by using microsimulation of traffic models. Traffic microsimulations are used for analyses and estimation of new proposals as well as for the reconstruction of existing infrastructure in order to reach optimum solution for defined problem. In this paper, applications of different analyses approaches are analyzed in two case studies. Both case studies are located in the city of Rijeka but in different parts of the city, in different traffic conditions and in circumstances where different changes in traffic network are planned. In both cases new solutions were tested through VISSIM traffic model and by application of SIDRA Intersection methodology. VISSIM is a stochastic, discrete, micro-simulation model designed for traffic analyses while SIDRA Intersection is a lane-based micro-analytical model. The results proved the suitability as well as advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The paper contains suggestions for optimal application of selected models regarding different traffic problems.
Evaluation of the basic characteristics of the traffic flow by mathematical analysis
Authors: Čulík Kristián , Harantová Veronika , Kalašová Alica
Published: October 2021

Today, traffic is an integral part of every active human life. People prefer individual car transport to public transport. This fact increases the number of cars on the roads. This article focuses on the basic characteristics between moving vehicles on the road, traffic flow characteristics - intensity, speed and density. Their values are obtained from traffic survey and radar Sierzega. In addition, a simulation was made from the measured values and the basic characteristics of the traffic flow were evaluated using mathematical statistics
The analysis of solutions of static transport in the Slovak Republic and abroad
Authors: Kalašová Alica , Hájnik Ambróz , Kubaľák Stanislav
Published: October 2021

This article is focused on problems related to parking in the Slovak Republic (SK) and abroad. The examples of individual solutions are mostly from spa cities or towns. Spa cities are attractive from the transport view and they attract traffic more. The most used means of transport is an automobile and in relation to this, there is a greater demand for parking in these cities. The number of visitors in spa cities has been increasing every year and therefore, the number of vehicles has been increasing too. The cities often do not have enough space to build new parking spots. Improper parking on the streets, public space and green areas is not unusual and it presents a negative impact on the city dwellers (e.g. restricted traffic). In our article, we analyse and compare individual solutions for parking in the Slovak Republic and abroad.
Infrastructure projects and Building Information Modelling in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ljevo Žanesa , Pozder Mirza , Džebo Suada , Šarić Ammar , Albinović Sanjin
Published: October 2021

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a relatively new technology. The industry, especially when it comes to infrastructure projects, is just beginning to realize the potential benefits of it. Large capital projects are being done today using BIM technology and standards, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina today, we do not have a project implemented by it. BIM is still exhibiting varying states of maturity among its participants. The research was carried out in B&H to realize perceptions of BIM in the infrastructures projects from the perspective of different participants (investor, consultant, designer, supervising engineer, contractor, supplier). The following aims are to demonstrate perception about BIM, the willingness to apply it, and different varying states of maturity among its participants and the current degree of application in practice
New method of predicting the occurrence of road accidents in Ukraine
Authors: Vyrozhemskyi Valerii , Nahrebelna Liudmyla , Yevhen Minenko , Bidnenko Nataliia
Published: October 2021

Insufficient road safety level remains a serious problem in Ukraine. The number of people killed in road accidents in 2018 per 100 thousand of population is 9,11, while in the countries of the European Union, on average, this indicator is 5-6 deaths per 100 thousand of population. The growing number of vehicles and road users increases the likelihood of road accidents and, accordingly, the number of the suffered people increases. This regularity can be noted not only in our country, but also in the countries over the world. Method of prospective extrapolation is proposed for the prevention of road accidents which makes it possible to transfer the trends and links connected with the occurrence of road accidents in the past to the current period and for the future. To apply this method, it is necessary to have a qualitative statistical analysis of the road accident data. This provides an opportunity to foresee the occurrence of a particular type of accident, its location and the causes affecting its occurrence. By using the prospective extrapolation method, it is possible to reduce the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences, including reducing the number of fatal accidents to a minimum.
Comparative analysis of TAC on railway freight corridors between North Adriatic ports and Žilina
Authors: Šipuš Denis , Ribarić Martina , Abramović Borna , Milinković Sanjin
Published: October 2021

In recent years, European ports have, due to the increasing traffic between the Far East and Europe, become increasingly important. Large volumes of freight come to ships and it is important to have a link to the mainland via railway, which should have a functional overall system. This research compares three variants of possible routes for railway freight transport from the North Adriatic ports of Rijeka, Koper, and Trieste to Žilina, in the north of Slovakia. The methodology for calculating the minimum package of train access charges for the countries covered by these routes is presented. A comparative analysis of train access charges (TAC) for the minimum access package for the corridors between North Adriatic ports and City of Žilina has also been conducted. The result entailed in this research is the most favourable railway route for freight transport from the North Adriatic ports to the City of Žilina.
Optimization of road speed-sectioning by assessing the impact of a road speed limitation sign
Authors: Vandanjon Pierre-Olivier , Coiret Alex , Deljanin Emir
Published: October 2021

Energy consumed by road vehicles has a high impact on climate changes; indeed this energy use accounts for 23% of total energy-related Green House Gases (GHG) emissions of 2014 global GHG emissions. GHG emissions are growing constantly year after year, in spite of global objectives (COP) and researches on vehicle efficiency and modal shift. The contribution of the infrastructure to lower this energy is less studied, since it is often seen as immuable or too costly. This paper aims to demonstrate that simple and low-cost solutions exist for that purpose. Particularly a methodology has been developed, based on an optimization of the speed layout over an itinerary in order to improve the eco- driving potential of a given road infrastructure. The key point of this work is that inconsistency often exists between vehicle dynamics, road longitudinal profile and changes in regulation speeds. These changes in speed are defining the speed- sectioning of a route, and an optimization of this speed-sectioning can be easily carried out while displacing or modifying speed signs. The objective of this study is to build an optimized speed sectioning which minimizes the fuel consumption for realistic traffic and various driver behaviors, while maintaining the required safety levels. A progressive optimization loop has been worked out with a Python script including an embedded microscopic road traffic simulator. As a result, an optimized speed-sectioning is leading to a gain of 227 ml for 60 minutes of simulated flow of 100 veh/h/lane, for a modification of a single speed changing point. The overall benefits are reduced energy consumption, air pollution and noise which otherwise would have been produced by braking. This work brings an effective optimization tool for road managers and its practical application is passive and inexpensive. This methodology is suitable for rural and urbanized territories and easily adaptable to any type of traffic in various countries. In perspectives, the optimization process could be extended to a full road route and to a wide range of different speed-sectioning layouts.
Quality checking of Polymer modified bitumens in Slovenia
Authors: Tušar Marjan , Ržek Lidija , Turk Mojca Ravnikar
Published: October 2021

For many years the properties of bitumen have been determined based on mechanical tests as needle penetration, Ring&Ball and Fraass fracture temperature. For elastomer (styrene-butadiene-styrene) polymer modified bitumens these tests are not sufficient to show the important differences in bitumens. Elastic recovery and cohesion provide better insight, but rheological properties cannot be adequately described with conventional test. The requirements of the polymer modified bitumens (PmB) in Europe were defined in EN 14023 in 2010 [1]. Since then several new tests were introduced in the research field and their procedures improved. In the European Standards Committee (CEN) TC 336, there is ongoing work to develop performance related specifications. New laboratory test methods from American standards were adapted and transformed into EN standards (bitumen laboratory aging methods and rheological tests). These test methods are not yet employed in the current PmB European standard, however, the draft prEN 14023, April 2020 [2] suggests these new tests. In the recent years at ZAG Laboratory for asphalts and bitumen-based products long-term aging of bitumen by pressure aging vessel (PAV) and rheological tests were introduced. Traditional bitumen test methods are performed together with new rheological tests e.g. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) testing, to characterize complex modulus and phase angle, and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCRT) in order to develop a preliminary data base on PmB’s, which are frequently used in Slovenia. The paper presents the current requirements for PmB’s in Slovenia and test results on PmB 45/80-65, original, laboratory aged and extracted from produced asphalt mixtures.
Steel piles driving procedure and result analysis of extradosed Bridge Mainland - Pelješac
Authors: Tang Bicheng , Zhang Dong , Wang Xuefeng , Xie Jingli
Published: October 2021

In order to meet the high requirements of marine environmental protection and Eurocodes, based on the actual construction conditions of deep water on site in Croatia, the extra-long steel pile foundation was adopted to Pelješac Bridge. At the meantime the corresponding extra-large scale pile driving barge had to be used to carried out during the construction. The pile bearing capacity was analyzed and checked by the actual measured PDA (Pile Driving Analyzer) data. The test results showed that the toe bearing capacity of driven piles had linear relationship with blow counts, and the penetration (displacement/blow) before the stoppage was inversely proportional to toe bearing capacity. In addition, the traditional empirical formula of long-term pile bearing capacity of driven piles was only suitable for the piles, which were shorter than 100m. The stoppage criteria of extra-long pile should concentrate on penetration firstly, while the pile design elevation was subsidiary factor. Therefore, the analysis of pile driving procedure and results could be considered as significant actual engineering reference for the coming works.
Ballast condition evaluation during tamping actions
Authors: Offenbacher Stefan , Landgraf Matthias , Antony Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Ballast is a key component of most railway tracks. The ballast bed must cope with high demands while fulfilling crucial tasks. Wear and contamination cause the condition of the bedding to deteriorate, which is accompanied by a loss of its proper functioning. Consequently, track alignment issues arise, which are typically corrected by tamping the affected areas. This study presents a new approach to assess the condition of the bedding. The tamping unit of a high-performance tamping machine has been equipped with an array of sensors which measure various parameters during every tamping process. A set of recorded data is analysed and compared with the prevailing ballast condition of the tamped sections, which is evaluated using proven methods. The results indicate a strong correlation between the tamping machine measurements and the condition of the bedding, which shows that tamping machines can be used to monitor the track ballast condition.
Vehicle wheel load estimation with fiber optical contact patch elongation measurement
Authors: Coiret Alex , Fontaine Martin , Cesbron Julien , Baltazart Vincent , Betaille David , Coudouel Denis , Léa Etienne
Published: October 2021

Load estimation of wheels, especially for heavy vehicles, is of importance for several reasons. First safety imposes to respect loading limits for a given tire, but the variety of road infrastructures or bridges passed by a vehicle are defining constraints of larger scales as structure resistance or pavement durability. Moreover, multiple-wheels load estimation may be an efficient verification mean of the loading uniformity of goods inside a heavy vehicle. All these reasons are justifying the interest for a continuous estimation of load for each wheel. In this context, this work aims at contributing to the development of an intelligent tire solution, able to estimate the loading applied on a wheel from the elongation measurement of the tire-to-road contact patch. As a first step of proof of concept, without regarding durability, this measurement has been done with a tire instrumented with a longitudinal, circumferential optical fiber. Measurement on a static test wheel has shown the relevance of the method to detect slight elongation of the contact patch, surrounded by compression of nearby tire areas. The Distributed Optic Fiber (DOF) measurement, widely used in the structural health monitoring domain (SHM), has been related to the force applied to the wheel, by a near linear relation, on the experienced domain of 70 mm to 110 mm for the contact length and 1.1 to 2.6 kN for the vertically applied force. As a result, demonstration is done that an intelligent tire could provide a relevant information on a given wheel load of a vehicle. The optimization of the experimental setup should lead to a robust system, usable continuously on heavy vehicles, to detect harmful loading displacements or to qualify adequacy between vehicle load and road infrastructure capacity.
A BPMN model of rail port operations to evaluate potential capacity increase
Authors: Campagna Dario , Caramuta Caterina , Longo Giovanni , Montrone Teresa , Poloni Carlo
Published: October 2021

The rapid growth of container movements deriving from the advent of globalization has caused a relevant pressure on ports. In this context, the port efficiency performances requested by the market have been met by an increased adoption of railway transport. Despite its environmental and economic sustainability, this intermodal transport solution is characterized by a high degree of complexity given by the execution of different activities and the involvement of several stakeholders. As such, the need of deeply analyzing logistics business processes has led to the embracement of modeling techniques, which allow practitioners to identify possible criticalities along the chain. In this regard, the selection of the appropriate modeling method and notation definitely influences the results of the process examination. In the present paper, the train departure process in the Port of Trieste, Italy, has been investigated in terms of information flows: to that end, the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) standard has been used. On one hand, this task has enabled to clarify the documentary procedure occurring in diverse operational scenarios and, on the other hand, it has allowed also to recognize the process bottlenecks which hinder an increase in the railway traffic volume. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis concerning the terminal and gateway capacity, before and after the implementation of a technological intervention, has demonstrated the possible growth of train flows by modifying the process only at the organizational level. These accomplishments have proved to port managers the usefulness of applying a theoretical graphical representation to a practical transport process.
Real-time monitoring and analyses of sensory data integrated into the BIM platform
Authors: Lenart Stanislav , Janjić Veljko , Jovanović Uroš , Vezočnik Rok
Published: October 2021

Bridges and tunnels, crucial elements of the railway infrastructure, are exposed to various types of deterioration processes. Their condition is a subject of monitoring, as it is important to collect as much as possible information in every life cycle phase to reliably predict their future performance. An enormous quantity of monitoring data is generated during the whole life cycle of these assets. EU funded Shift2Rail research project Assets4Rail which is focusing on measuring, monitoring, and data handling for railway assets, as data management is as important as their generation. This paper presents the major outcomes of the Assets4Rail project and its application to infrastructure projects.
The architecture of decision-making support systems used for the rational railway capacity management
Authors: Ljubaj Ivica , Mlinarić Tomislav Josip , Vesković Slavko , Jeremić Dušan
Published: October 2021

Decision-making support systems in railway transport are systems that make it easier for traffic controllers and dispatchers involved in the regulation of train traffic to make individual decisions more easily and accurately. Without such systems, dispatchers usually make decisions based on previous experiences and feelings they have developed working in train traffic control. However, quality decision-making support systems are based on large amounts of data processed by one or several different artificial intelligence techniques. This paper will examine the architecture of such a system in railway transport, which helps the dispatcher to make decisions based on different criteria and values of individual criteria. The architecture of this decision-making support system has been developed to equal or, if necessary, use the maximum available double-track railway line capacity to resolve delays caused by lack of capacity for any given route. This system has been developed for the specific configuration of a double track, whereby each track is intended for one direction of train traffic. This paper will lay the foundation for understanding decision-making support systems and for the development of a specific model of decision-making support system in practice.
Evolution of bridges with steel-concrete composite superstructure. What comes next?
Authors: Farcas Ciprian - Alin
Published: October 2021

Bridges have evolved over time from the simplest forms made from materials found in nature – wood and stone - to the complex shapes of today, made of concrete, steel, steel-concrete, and composite materials. If in the past the large dimensions of an obstacle impeded building a bridge, today this problem can be solved by choosing suitable materials, an advantageous structural system, and an erection method that favors the chosen solutions. The composite superstructures made of steel-concrete have started to be used more often in the construction of bridges due to their advantages. The scope of this paper is to analyze the evolution of road bridges with steel-concrete composite superstructure. There can be distinguished mainly 4 stages in the evolution of these types of structures. In the first two stages during 1850-1925 the connection between concrete and steel was achieved by the adhesion between the contact surfaces of the two materials. Starting with 1932 (stage III), a connection was realized that takes over the forces of friction that develop at the contact between the two materials. These connecting elements took different forms: loops the reinforcement, U, L, or ⊥ metal parts, shear stud connectors, and more recently composite dowels. The advantages of different types of connectors have been highlighted by various calculation methods, practical applications, and high productivity. Nowadays the construction of an impressive bridge has become a source of pride at an international level, a way to demonstrate the technological progress in the field. But what does the future hold in the field of composite structures made of steel-concrete?
A model for assessing the priority of the bridges within their repair strategy
Authors: Bodnar Larysa , Kanin Alexander
Published: October 2021

The efficiency of the road network operation significantly depends on ensuring the durability and operational reliability of road bridges. To prevent accidents on bridges, ensure their reliability and durability, it is necessary to perform a set of measures, including the following: inspection of bridges, determination of their operational condition, calculation of residual life, development of recommendations for their further operation, and performance of operational measures. Considering the significant quantity of bridges in Ukraine, most of these activities have to be performed using modern information technology. Therefore, an Analytical Expert Bridge Management System Software Complex (AESUM) for bridges of Ukraine on public roads was developed and implemented. An important component of this software complex is the procedures for development of a strategy of repairs in the system of road bridges operation. One of the components of the mathematical model, which is the basis for justifying the repairing strategy, is a system of priorities for bridges repairs, taking into account their importance. This scientific paper considers the current system of priority, which takes into account the technical and operational condition of bridges and the category of roads on which they are located. A new model for evaluation of the priorities of repairs is proposed which takes into account such factors as importance of the bridge, technical and operational condition of the bridge, traffic capacity of the bridge and the cost-effectiveness of repairs. The factors mentioned above consist of a set of sub-factors. For example, the bridge importance factor consists of such sub-factors as the average daily traffic volume, the bypass influence, the bridge's affiliation with international transport corridors, etc.
Utilization of glass waste in vehicle restraint systems
Authors: Gáspár László , Bencze Zsolt
Published: October 2021

The growing demand of society requires that engineers should concentrate more and more on recycling of broken road materials and various by-products in order to ensure environmental sustainability for future generations. Concrete technology has evolved to such an extent that it has become an important role in waste/secondary material management by now. There are several benefits of using glass waste in concrete mixtures. The experi-ments carried out at the Hungarian firm Ferrobeton Ltd. concentrated on exploring the possibility of using glass waste in the cement concrete recipe of vehicle restraint systems in order to release reflection in its material and thereby to increase road safety. In the concrete recipe, the maximization of both usability and reflectivity were aimed to. However, it was also necessary to make sure that the resistance to mechanical and environmental loads could not be worse than in the case of reference (basic) mixture recipe. The quality and type of concrete surface finishing is a financial and also lifetime design issue. The surface treatment method actually applied basically influence the light properties (gleam, reflectivity) of concrete surface as a significant traffic safety parameter.
Key features of the project of railway reconstruction and modernization: section Škrljevo-Rijeka-Šapjane
Authors: Kralj Stjepan , Burazer Iličić Frane
Published: October 2021

The Škrljevo-Rijeka railway section is part of the main international railway corridor M202 Zagreb GK-Rijeka, a part of the Mediterranean TEN-T corridor and the RH2 corridor. M203 Rijeka-Šapjane-State border line is also an integral part of the RH2 corridor. M202 is part of the EU Core Transport Network, while M203 is part of the Comprehensive Transport Network. They were both built and put into operation in 1873 and are in need for reconstruction and modernization. This paper presents the basic project features. The modernization includes the construction of the second track and the reconstruction of the existing track on the section Škrljevo-Rijeka-Opatija / Matulji in the length of about 23 km, and the reconstruction of the existing track from Opatija / Matulj to Jurdani in the length of 6.5 km. The existing stations and stops are being reconstructed to meet the requirements of the new organization of traffic and the upgrading of the second track, and new stops are planned for the establishment of urban and suburban traffic. Reconstruction and modernization of all other infrastructure subsystems, as well as the construction of a new Operations and Management Center for traffic management in the wider area of the country, are on their way. With presented solution, the railway line will meet the ports needs in Rijeka, Sušak and Bakar basins, and at the same time the needs of the city of Rijeka in terms of organization of passenger transportation in urban and suburban area.
Concrete Canvas application
Authors: Malnar Leo , Matjašić Bruno , Kereš Boris
Published: October 2021

This presentation reviews few different applications of Concrete Canvas and Concrete Canvas Hydro material. Concrete Canvas is a flexible, concrete filled fabric which provides a thin durable concrete layer when hydrated or fully waterproof layer in it's Hydro variant. It's possible to apply concrete Canvas in many different ways, some of them are slope protection, weed suppression, canal lining, lagoon lining and erosion control. We are going to present our application of material at 3 different projects: securing waterproofness of area around gas tanks in luka Ploče, preventing fire outbreaks along railway in Slovenia and water drainage at hardly accessible locations in Serbia. Each project had it's problems where we found Concrete Canvas suitable replacement for conventional concrete solutions. In that way we delivered Investor faster and high quality solution which in the end resulted in lower expanses. We will show comparison between Concrete Canvas and standard methods that are usually used.
Development and evaluation of analytical forecasting methods for vehicle occupancy, in the trunk routes of Moscow
Authors: Bogumil Veniamin Nikolaevich , Vlasov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Duque-Sarango Maria Jose
Published: October 2021

Passenger transport plays an important role in large cities around the world. According with this, the administration of these cities pays much attention to urban transport, specifically, in the formalization and establishment of standard criteria for the quality of transportation. The main criteria are the “Regularity of transportation” and “Vehicle occupancy”. Having standards is the first step to improve the quality of the transport service, the next step is the execution and application of these standards. In this article, the issue of improving the quality of passenger transport services is considered based on the forecast and control of the vehicle occupancy and the management of the transportation process based on the results of the forecast. The necessary condition for the implementation of these tasks is the use of telematic means as the Automated Passenger Counting System for monitoring passenger flow at bus stops. This information is the source data. In the article, we show the results of the study of the trunk routes of urban transport in Moscow. It is shown that the situation regarding passenger dynamics differs every time for each route, which requires different analytical methods for forecasting and control of vehicle occupancy for each case. Various methods for predicting vehicle occupancy were developed, and it is shown that the effectiveness of these forecasting methods depends directly on the characteristics of passenger flow. The control of the flow of passengers based on the established standards will avoid overloading the buses that circulate on the main roads of large cities, thus improving the quality of the transport service on the route.
Behavior of high-modulus asphalt mixtures from the perspective of deformation characteristics (stiffness)
Authors: Valentin Jan , Belhaj Majda , Vacková Pavla
Published: October 2021

High modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) presents a concept of an asphalt mixture with advanced performance which is suitable mainly for heavy loaded pavement structures. The mix concept was developed more than 25 years ago in France and became a standard in many countries. In the Czech Republic this type of asphalt mixtures is used since the early years of this millennium, when original technical requirements have been set. After almost 20 years a volunteer technical assessment started to validate whether the technical requirement set mainly for stiffness values and partly also for flexural strength or resistance to crack propagation are still up-to-date or if some reasonable modification is needed like was done several years ago in France when high modulus asphalt concrete of so called EME II or GP5 generation were brought to the practice. Based on this a study with focus on stiffness determination for more than 40 different HMACs was started. The stiffness was tested at different temperatures. At the same time virgin and aged asphalt mixtures were compared. Results from this study are presented by the paper.
Development of new bridge inspection system using 5G and AI under Cloud condition
Authors: Yoshikura Mai , Minami Takahiro , Fukuoka Tomotaka , Fujiu Makoto , Takayama Junichi , Hashi Kazuhiko , Nakano Tetsuya , Shimazaki Yuusuke , Komura Takuro
Published: October 2021

In Japan, the deterioration of bridges constructed in the high economic growth period is progressing, and the maintenance of those bridges is a problem. Municipalities, as road administrators, are required to conduct close visual inspections of bridges (longer than 2m) once every five years, but municipalities face difficulties due to lack of financial and human resources. For this reason, the research of inspection and diagnosis technology is advanced for efficient inspection work. Especially, it is the new technology of ICT(information and communications technology), such as AI analysis of image data of bridge photographs. In this study, we developed a bridge inspection support system that automatically detects cracks in concrete bridges from bridge photographs. This system uses AI of image processing by deep learning. By using AI, we will be able to detect cracks in a short time and inspect bridges more efficiently. However, it requires many photographs of huge amount of data for image analysis. And those images take time to upload to the system by mobile communication. Therefore, we verified the system operation using 5G mobile communication, which is characterized by high speed and large capacity.
Alteration in modal share due to autonomous vehicle-based mobility services
Authors: Földes Dávid , Csiszár Csaba
Published: October 2021

Alteration in road-based mobility services in cities is expected due to introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs). On-demand and shared services based on small capacity AVs emerge, which influence the modal share. The alteration has been estimated by simulation of scenarios; the travellers’ willingness-to-shift to an AV-based mobility service has been considered as a random variable in studies. In our developed modal share estimation method, the travellers’ current mobility habits and willingness-to-shift are considered. To determine the value of variables, a questionnaire survey was elaborated. The method was applied to calculate the modal shift in Budapest, Hungary. According to the results, willingness-to-shift is the highest among car users and the lowest among bikers. Based on the stated preferences, individual car use can be reduced by shared, on-demand, AV-based mobility services. Our method is applicable to determine the impacts of AVs.
A review of the best experience on crumb rubber – dry process modified asphalt mixture performance
Authors: Šernas Ovidijus , Vaitkus Audrius , Kilaitė Deimantė
Published: October 2021

The use of crumb rubber made from end of life tyres for asphalt mixtures modification in order to improve their properties or just utilize waste products may be considered as potential solution. Crumb rubber can be used as a bitumen modifier (wet process) or supplementary component of the asphalt mixture (dry process). Dry modification process has more potential due relatively unsophisticated technology and higher possible to use amount of crumb rubber comparing to the wet process. The performance of asphalt mixtures modified by dry process mainly depends on several factors as crumb rubber type, content and size. However, limited number of publications reported the results of dry method crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures performance. This paper summarizes the latest findings from literature review on the modification technologies and specifications related to dry modification process, the effect of crumb rubber type and amount on modified asphalt mixture performance in terms of stiffness, rutting resistance, water sensitivity, resistance to fatigue and low temperature cracking. The algorithm of crumb rubber modified asphalt mix design was introduced.