bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rendészettudományi State-of-the-Art értelmezési lehetőségei, illetve annak biztonságpolitikai aspektusai
Authors: Papp Bendegúz
Published: July 2020

Law enforcement science is a relatively new academic field which was defined by many works during its short history. However, being a colloquial concept, it is a problem to accurately describe its content and to distinguish it from other disciplines. This study clarifies the term with the concept of societal security. Its research method is literature review, which is carried out by analysing the content of the published monographs and research articles. First, the definitions of law enforcement science are defined with the help of works published in Hungarian language. Then comes the elaboration of security policy, especially societal security within that. As a result can be concluded, that it is difficult to determine the content of law enforcement science due to its complexity. The concept of societal security, which deals with the security of social processes, values, movements, rights, institutions and certain groups in society, helps in this definition. The present study argues that the position of law enforcement science within societal security can be of great help in defining its content and in correspondence in English
A közszolgálati alapkompetenciák megjelenése a büntetés-végrehajtásban
Authors: Fibiné Babos Barbara
Published: July 2020

The personnel of law enforcement play a pivotal role in reaching the organization’s objectives, both in the field of safe operation and in realizing reintegration efforts. Qualification and know-how of personnel – both educational and psychological – is necessary to reach adequate professional decisions and steps, and optimal solutions in spite of risky conditions. All that lay down special requirements for the organization. This study reviews characteristic competence requirements on law enforcement personnel and their effects and possible consequences in the special work environment. I intend to introduce psychic workload capacity and emotional intelligence in details, as basic competences in public service, with special regard to their role in law enforcement.
A kórház-főparancsnokságtól a tranzithálózatig
Authors: Hornyik Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2020

According to the government decree no. 72/2020. (III. 28.) Korm.  On Hospital Commander and Protection of Health Stock the minister responsible for law enforcement – Sándor Pintér, deputy prime minister and minister for interior - made for control of health stock purchased by budget sources a proposal on appointment of hospital commanders to health institutes. According to that higher leader of the Police control and coordinate the economization of health institutes using health stock purchased by budget sources. The leader of the health institute is obliged to fulfil the regulations of the hospital commander on containment of pandemic and on safekeeping of health stock. On the other side a hospital commander must not give proposals and take decisions in medical professional topics. About practical fulfilment and handling of eventual problems and further about the application of the „Hungarian invention” of transit network we asked Dr. Zsolt Halmosi, pol. major general, deputy director of the Hungarian Police Director for law enforcement, and newly appointed national commander-in-chief for hospitals. He was asked by Zsuzsanna Hornyik. After termination of the special legal order we will ask Dr. Zsolt Halmosi to summarize experiences in handling the pandemic.
DAKWAH DAN PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SYAIKH AHMAD SURKATI
Authors: Kadir Abdul
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dakwah dan pembaharuan pendidikan Islam Syaikh Ahmad Surkati. Metode Penelitian: Kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian: Landasan sekolah al-Irsyad adalah bahwa seluruh anak muslim seharusnya menerima pendidikan Islam. Setiap siswanya belajar mengembangkan ijtihad yang dasar pijakannya adalah al-Qur’an dan sunnah. Dan sekolah-sekolah al-Irsyad menerapkan tentang pentingnya pengetahuan bahasa Arab dan pengetahuan bahasa Arab merupakan prasyarat pendidikan Islam. Ahmad Surkati dalam menjalankan program pendidikannya, membagi bidang ilmu menjadi tiga, yaitu Bahasa, Agama Islam, dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Umum. Pendidikan agama dan pelajaran tarikh menjadi sangat penting dalam kaitannya dengan pembinaan kepribadian yang bertauladan para Nabi dan pemuka-pemuka Islam di awal perkembangan sejarah Islam. Konsep pendidikan takhassus yang tampaknya sulit dikembangkan. Oleh Ahmad Surkati di angkat ke forum dunia. Ia mengusulkan adanya sekolah takhassus tingkat internasional yang ditempatkan di negara Islam yang paling terkenal. Mahasiswanya diseleksi dari seluruh penjuru di mana umat Islam bermukim, berdasar bakat dan kemampuannya. Setelah lulus, mereka bisa kembali ke negara masing-masing dengan membawa kemampuan untuk berfungsi sebagai mufti atau peranan keagamaan lain.
The Pre-He White Dwarfs in Eclipsing Binaries. I. WASP 0131+28
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Koo Jae-Rim , Hong Kyeongsoo , Park Jang-Ho
Published: July 2020

We report the first BV light curves and high-resolution spectra of the post-mass transfer binary star WASP 0131+28 to study the absolute properties of extremely low-mass white dwarfs. From the observed spectra, the double-lined radial velocities were derived, and the effective temperature and rotational velocity of the brighter, more massive primary were found to be

K and

 = 55 ± 10 km s−1, respectively. The combined analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) archive data and ours yielded the accurate fundamental parameters of the program target. The masses were derived to about 1.0% accuracy and the radii to 0.6%, or better. The secondary component's parameters of

,

,

 = 11,186 ± 235 K, and

are in excellent agreement with the evolutionary sequence for a helium-core white dwarf of mass 0.203

, and indicates that this star is halfway through the constant luminosity phase. The results presented in this article demonstrate that WASP 0131+28 is an EL CVn eclipsing binary in a thin disk, which is formed from the stable Roche-lobe overflow channel and composed of a main-sequence dwarf with a spectral type A0 and a pre-He white dwarf.
An Observational Test of Solar Plasma Heating by Magnetic Flux Cancellation
Authors: Park Sung-Hong
Published: July 2020

Recent observations suggest that magnetic flux cancellation may play a crucial role in heating the Sun’s upper atmosphere (chromosphere, transition region, corona). Here, we intended to validate an analytic model for magnetic reconnection and consequent coronal heating, driven by a pair of converging and canceling magnetic flux sources of opposite polarities. For this test, we analyzed photospheric magnetic field and multiwavelength ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations of a small-scale flux cancellation event in a quiet-Sun internetwork region over a target interval of 5.2 hr. The observed cancellation event exhibits a converging motion of two opposite-polarity magnetic patches on the photosphere and redshifted Doppler velocities (downflows) therein consistently over the target interval, with a decrease in magnetic flux of both polarities at a rate of 1015 Mx s−1. Several impulsive EUV brightenings, with differential emission measure values peaked at 1.6–2.0 MK, are also observed in the shape of arcades with their two footpoints anchored in the two patches. The rate of magnetic energy released as heat at the flux cancellation region is estimated to be in the range of (0.2–1) × 1024 erg s−1 over the target interval, which can satisfy the requirement of previously reported heating rates for the quiet-Sun corona. Finally, both short-term (a few to several tens of minutes) variations and long-term (a few hours) trends in the magnetic energy release rate are clearly shown in the estimated rate of radiative energy loss of electrons at temperatures above 2.0 MK. All these observational findings support the validity of the investigated reconnection model for plasma heating in the upper solar atmosphere by flux cancellation.
Neutrino Transport with Monte Carlo Method. I. Toward Fully Consistent Implementation of Nucleon Recoils in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
Authors: Kato Chinami , Nagakura Hiroki , Hori Yusuke , Yamada Shoichi
Published: July 2020

The small energy exchange via nucleon recoils in neutrino–nucleon scattering is now supposed to be one of the important factors for successful explosions of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), as they can change neutrino spectra through accumulation of a large number of scatterings. In deterministic methods employed for neutrino transport in CCSN simulations, we normally cannot afford to deploy a large enough number of energy bins needed to resolve this small energy exchange, and subgrid techniques are employed one way or another. In this paper, we study quantitatively with the Monte Carlo (MC) method how well such a treatment performs. We first investigate the effects of nucleon recoils on the neutrino spectra and confirm that the average energy is reduced by ∼15% for heavy-lepton neutrinos and much smaller amounts for other types of neutrinos in a typical postbounce situation. It is also observed that the nucleon scattering dominates the electron scattering in the thermalization of neutrino spectra in all flavors. We then study possible artifacts that the coarse energy grid may produce in the deterministic methods. In order to mimic the latter calculation, we redistribute MC particles in each energy bin after a certain interval in a couple of ways and study how the results are affected, depending on the energy resolution. We also discuss the possible implications of our results for the deterministic methods.
Pōniuā‘ena: A Luminous z = 7.5 Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Hennawi Joseph F. , Davies Frederick B. , Yue Minghao , Banados Eduardo , Wu Xue-Bing , Venemans Bram , Barth Aaron J. , Bian Fuyan , Boutsia Konstantina , Decarli Roberto , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Green Richard , Jiang Linhua , Li Jiang-Tao , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Walter Fabian
Published: July 2020

We report the discovery of a luminous quasar, J1007+2115 at z = 7.515 (“Pōniuā‘ena”), from our wide-field reionization-era quasar survey. J1007+2115 is the second quasar now known at z > 7.5, deep into the reionization epoch. The quasar is powered by a (1.5 ± 0.2) × 109
M
⊙ supermassive black hole (SMBH), based on its broad Mg ii emission-line profile from Gemini and Keck near-IR spectroscopy. The SMBH in J1007+2115 is twice as massive as that in quasar J1342+0928 at z = 7.54, the current quasar redshift record holder. The existence of such a massive SMBH just 700 million years after the Big Bang significantly challenges models of the earliest SMBH growth. Model assumptions of Eddington-limited accretion and a radiative efficiency of 0.1 require a seed black hole of ≳104
M
⊙ at z = 30. This requirement suggests either a massive black hole seed as a result of direct collapse or earlier periods of rapid black hole growth with hyper-Eddington accretion and/or a low radiative efficiency. We measure the damping wing signature imprinted by neutral hydrogen absorption in the intergalactic medium (IGM) on J1007+2115's Lyα line profile, and find that it is weaker than that of J1342+0928 and two other z ≳ 7 quasars. We estimate an IGM volume-averaged neutral fraction

. This range of values suggests a patchy reionization history toward different IGM sightlines. We detect the 158 μm [C ii] emission line in J1007+2115 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array; this line centroid yields a systemic redshift of z = 7.5149 ± 0.0004 and indicates a star formation rate of ∼210 M
☉ yr−1 in its host galaxy.
Image-based Classification of Variable Stars: First Results from Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment Data
Authors: Szklenár T. , Bódi A. , Tarczay-Nehéz D. , Vida K. , Marton G. , Mező Gy. , Forró A. , Szabó R.
Published: July 2020

Recently, machine learning methods have presented a viable solution for the automated classification of image-based data in various research fields and business applications. Scientists require a fast and reliable solution in order to handle increasingly large amounts of astronomical data. However, so far astronomers have been mainly classifying variable starlight curves based on various pre-computed statistics and light curve parameters. In this work we use an image-based Convolutional Neural Network to classify the different types of variable stars. We use images of phase-folded light curves from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-III survey for training, validating, and testing, and use OGLE-IV survey as an independent data set for testing. After the training phase, our neural network was able to classify the different types between 80% and 99%, and 77%–98%, accuracy for OGLE-III and OGLE-IV, respectively.
Characteristics and Importance of “ICME-in-sheath” Phenomenon and Upper Limit for Geomagnetic Storm Activity
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Chen Chong , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: July 2020

As an important source for large geomagnetic storms, an “ICME-in-sheath” is a completely shocked interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) stuck in the sheath between a shock and host ejecta. Typical characteristics are identified from coordinated multi-sets of observations: (1) it is usually short in duration and lasts a few hours at 1 au; (2) its solar wind parameters, in particular the magnetic field, seem to keep enhanced for a large range of distances; and (3) common ICME signatures are often lost. The host ejecta could be a single ICME or a complex ejecta, being fast enough to drive a shock. These results clarify previous misinterpretations of this phenomenon as a normal part of a sheath region. The “ICME-in-sheath” phenomenon, together with a preconditioning effect, produced an extreme set of the magnetic field, speed, and density near 1 au in the 2012 July 23 case, all around their upper limits at the same time. This is probably the most extreme solar wind driving at 1 au and enables us to estimate the plausible upper limit for geomagnetic storm activity. With an appropriate modification in the southward field, we suggest that a geomagnetic storm with a minimum D
st of about −2000 nT could occur in principle. The magnetopause would be compressed to about 3.3 Earth radii from the Earth’s center, well inside the geosynchronous orbit.
Revised criteria system for a national assessment of threatened habitats in Germany
Authors: Heinze Stefanie , Finck Peter , Raths Ulrike , Riecken Uwe , Ssymank Axel
Published: July 2020

The Red List of threatened habitat types in Germany was first published in 1994 and it is updated approximately every ten years. In 2017 the third version was published by the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. In the course of the revision, the criteria system was also extended. In doing so, an attempt was made to find a compromise between the consideration of international developments that had taken place and existing national requirements. In particular, short-term developments should become visible through the German Red List status. In addition to ‘National long-term Threat’, the valuation now also includes ‘Current Trend’ and ‘Rarity’. Following the IUCN’s approach, the collapse risk is now represented on the basis of several criteria. However, in contrast to the IUCN procedure, where the worst evaluated criterion is determinative for Red List status, in our procedure all criteria are included in the evaluation. To counteract misleading signal-effects for management decisions, all significant criteria have an influence on the resulting German Red List status (RLG). They are combined in an assessment scheme. In order to map the overall risk of loss, both the long-term threat as a historical reference value and furthermore the current trend must have an influence on RLG. As a result, 65% of habitat types have differing risk of loss.
WhatsApp for the development of oral and written communication skills in Peruvian adolescents
Authors: Escobar-Mamani Fortunato , Gómez-Arteta Indira
Published: June 2020

In Puno, a region of Peru, the development of oral and written communication skills in basic education students displays weaknesses which could be overcome with the application of technological tools. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a mobile learning resource in the development of oral and written communication skills of secondary level students at the ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ educational institution (Puno-Peru). The population was comprised of 343 students and a non-probabilistic, convenience sampling was applied to include two fourth-level sections of 36 and 34 students, respectively. The first was the experimental group and the second, the control group. The selection was made considering that fourth-level students are the most appropriate age to use WhatsApp in order to assess the evolution of their skills through rubrics, in a participatory way. Statistical analysis was based on the difference in means with a Z distribution, with a 95% confidence level. The results show that WhatsApp develops significant oral and written communication skills, as those skills rose by 3.5 points on average, on a twenty-point scale, after the experiment. Thus, WhatsApp is a mobile learning technology resource available to develop skills and strengthen knowledge in students.

En Puno, una de las regiones del Perú, las habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas de estudiantes de educación básica muestran debilidades en su desarrollo, que podrían ser superadas con la aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la eficacia del uso del WhatsApp, como recurso de aprendizaje móvil, en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas en estudiantes del nivel secundario de la Institución Educativa ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ (Puno-Perú). La población fue de 343 estudiantes y el muestreo no probabilístico, inducido por conveniencia, fue de dos secciones de cuarto grado, de 36 y 34 estudiantes, respectivamente. La selección se hizo considerando que los estudiantes de cuarto grado tienen la edad más adecuada para usar el WhatsApp y poder evaluar la evolución de sus habilidades a través de rúbricas, de manera participativa. El análisis estadístico se basó en la diferencia de medias con distribución Z, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados muestran que el WhatsApp desarrolla habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas de modo significativo, en el caso estudiado, ya que esas habilidades se elevaron en 3,5 puntos, como promedio en una escala vigesimal, después del experimento. Por lo descrito, WhatsApp es un recurso tecnológico de aprendizaje móvil disponible para desarrollar habilidades y fortalecer saberes en los estudiantes.
Repérage des thèses intéressant les sciences de la formation des adultes : identification d’un noyau dur et d’un second cercle de thèses à consulter
Authors: Las Vergnas Olivier , Bury Patrick
Published: July 2020

Cet article est le sixième de la rubrique dédiée à la recherche francophone sur la formation des adultes. Il fournit d’abord la liste actualisée au 15 avril 2020 des 174 thèses repérées dans la base interuniversitaire Sudoc comme mentionnant explicitement ce champ et soutenues depuis le 1 er  janvier 2010 (dont 39 postérieures au 1 er  janvier 2018). Sachant que ce type de requête bibliométrique ne remonte automatiquement qu’environ 50 % des thèses jugées intéressantes par les chercheurs du domaine, l’article s’intéresse aussi à identifier un second cercle en rassemblant cette fois d’autres thèses : celles dont une partie significative est consacrée à des questions clefs de ce champ, sans pour autant que la thèse soit 100 % dédiée à une recherche en formation des adultes. Ainsi, autour du noyau dur, il décrit et caractérise un second cercle de 444 thèses sur la même période (dont 82 à partir du 1 er  janvier 2018) dont la lecture peut également avoir un intérêt pour les chercheurs en formation des adultes. Celles-ci ont été identifiées par une méthode en deux temps : un réservoir a d’abord été constitué avec toutes les thèses dont les jurys comportaient des jurés repérés comme « garants formation des adultes » ; ensuite on en a extrait par machine learning celles de ces thèses dont les résumés s’approchaient de sept thématiques représentatives de la recherche en formation des adultes.
Normes et invariants en médecine. Une réflexion au temps du Covid
Authors: Reach Gérard
Published: July 2020

Le but de cet article est de s’interroger sur l’impact de la crise Covid-19 sur la médecine et ses normes. Je tenterai de montrer que la véritable question est en fait de rechercher, à côté de ces valeurs et normes, ce que j’appellerai des « invariants » qu’il s’agit à tout prix de préserver, qui ont défini hier la médecine et qui lui permettront demain de continuer d’exister. Un de ces invariants est représenté par le droit des patients et des professionnels de santé d’être considérés, et donc respectés, comme des personnes. Cette réflexion conduit à proposer d’introduire dans la médecine dite des 4P (Prédictive, Préventive, Personnalisée et Participative) un 5 e P, celui de médecine de la Personne, et de rajouter un 5 e principe, dit de Responsabilité aux 4 principes cardinaux de l’éthique médicale (Bienfaisance, Non-malfaisance, Justice et Autonomie).
Hegel et la socialisation de la nature. Travail, langage et nature dans les « philosophies de l’esprit » d’Iéna
Authors: Monferrand Frédéric
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de clarifier les liens qu’entretiennent travail et langage dans la « Philosophie de l’esprit » professée par Hegel entre 1803 et 1806 à Iéna. La thèse défendue est que travail et langage représentent pour Hegel deux formes de socialisation de la nature, également nécessaires à la constitution des relations sociales. Il en résulte tout d’abord que le monde social n’est pas seulement en contact avec la nature au niveau de ses structures productives, mais aussi de ses structures symboliques et que c’est là ce qui lui confère son unité. Et il en résulte ensuite que c’est dans le rapport à la nature que s’originent les formes d’aliénation qui affectent la société, laquelle peut en conséquence être conçue et critiquée comme une « seconde nature ».
Métamorphoses du discours managérial : de la « culture » à l’esprit d’entreprise
Authors: Paltrinieri Luca , Nicoli Massimiliano
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose de traiter le discours managérial qui insiste sur l’aspect « humain » et subjectif de la relation de travail en tant que « discours en trop », c’est-à-dire, à la suite de Michel Foucault, comme discours qui vise à accompagner le sujet dans la subjectivation d’un code de conduite correspondant aux transformations postfordistes de l’organisation du travail et de l’entreprise. Dans un premier temps, nous abordons ce discours en tant que matrice du dernier grand mythe managérial de l’entreprise comme institution, unité clôturée et espace séparé du marché : la « culture d’entreprise ». Ensuite, en reconsidérant sous l’angle critique la notion managériale de « contrat psychologique », nous resituons le discours managérial dans les pratiques de démultiplication sociale de l’« esprit d’entreprise », correspondant à l’explosion de l’entreprise-institution et l’avènement de l’entreprise nœud de contrats et de compétences : c’est le royaume de l’autoentrepreneuriat en tant que forme de la subjectivité. En conclusion, à partir du cas d’étude des « coopératives d’activité et d’emploi », nous approchons la question de la résistance au discours managérial sous la forme d’une appropriation de certains « éléments de langage » de ce même discours, en le combinant dans des ensembles significatifs différents, et capable peut-être de dessiner une stratégie de subversion de l’esprit d’entreprise et de ce « moi-investisseur » qui caractérise l’entrepreneur de soi néolibéral.
Paroles à tenir, paroles à prendre : remarques sur les corps et les langages dans En Guerre de Stéphane Brizé
Authors: Sibertin-Blanc Guillaume , Talbot Armelle
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose une analyse du film de Stéphane Brizé,  En guerre , du point de vue de sa mise en scène des discours, et singulièrement des actes de parole d’ouvriers et délégués syndicaux en lutte. Il vise à mettre en lumière la tension interne à laquelle s’attache sa dynamique filmique. D’un côté, cette dynamique est celle d’une illusion vouée à la désillusion : elle suspend la parole combattante des ouvriers à l’idéal – point de fuite,  telos  et mirage – d’un sujet en qui coïncideraient enfin la parole du pouvoir et le pouvoir de la décision économique, et qui se révèlera  in fine  inexistant. Mais à ce sujet inexistant font pendant, de l’autre côté, la parole intensément incarnée des ouvriers et, surtout, l’intransigeance d’un des délégués à tenir parole (et à réclamer que les autres la tiennent), comme s’il fallait qu’un au moins tienne inconditionnellement parole pour que reste ouvert un espace politique pour l’expression du conflit, espace en deçà duquel ne subsiste plus que violence destructrice et autodestructrice.
Comment le collectif vient au corps : corps subjectif collectif et coopération
Authors: Faure David
Published: July 2020

Le concept de corps subjectif de Michel Henry soutient la conception psychodynamique du travail au niveau de l’individu. La notion de corps subjectif collectif propose d’étendre ce concept au champ de la coopération à partir de l’ouvrage d’Henry sur Marx, où la notion de collectif apparaît d’abord négativement. Les textes ultérieurs sur la communauté et l’intersubjectivité permettent, au contraire, de développer une approche de la coopération comme un mode spécifique de communauté issu de la praxis, dans laquelle peut se forger un corps subjectif collectif. Il se comprend comme l’expérience individuelle d’une épreuve affrontée collectivement dépassant les limites du sujet et fondant une interconnaissance où se constitue le collectif de travail. L’approche théorique proposée ici vise à approfondir le dialogue entre phénoménologie et clinique du travail.
Collision Avoidance Methodology in Internet of Things and Wireless Ad hoc Network
Authors: Arjaria Arundhati , Dixit Priyanka
Published: July 2020

In today's digital era, internet of things and wireless communication needs no introduction as almost everything directly or indirectly is dependent on the same. This scenario also leads to various security issues because devices are connected to internet and this availability makes this exposure vulnerable for various attacks. Recently in internet of things and wireless ad hoc networks, there is an essential issue of how to increase channel utilization without degrading the performance. Some problems are also responsible to increase collision in the network. Here, the authors propose a busy tone-based medium access control scheme to avoid such problems in fully as well as non-fully connected environment. Here in this chapter, they present a brief introduction to internet of things, security challenges regarding IoT, and its association with wireless technology. They also discuss the problems concerning wireless communication, which affects the performance of networks and their solutions.
Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities in Automated Driving
Authors: Datta Suchandra
Published: July 2020

Driver assistance systems are advancing at a rapid pace, and almost all major companies have started investing in developing autonomous vehicles. However, the security and reliability in this field is still uncertain and debatable. A vehicle compromised by the attackers remotely can be easily used to create chaos of epic proportions. An attacker can control brake, accelerate, and even steering, which can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, an autonomous vehicle can be weaponized extremely easily if proper security protocols are not implemented. This chapter gives a very short and brief overview of some of the possible attacks on autonomous vehicle software and hardware and their potential implications.
IoT-Controlled Railway Gate System With ML Object Detection Approach
Authors: Kamble Megha , Mehra Jaspreet , Jain Monika
Published: July 2020

The growing demand of internet of things (IoT) has rendered advancement in the practical fields towards society. In spite of recent advancements and cost effective IoT solutions for smart railway infrastructure, presently, most of the railway gates in India are opened and closed manually. This is a time-consuming process. It is an error-prone system and raises the accident probability. This chapter evaluates and demonstrates the applicability of IoT to resolve the problem of unmanned automatic railway crossing. The aim is to propose a prototype that will control with the help of microcontroller board, IoT sensor integration, and integrating it to machine learning-based image analysis to detect the intermediate real time obstacle (obstacle on the track). This kind of IoT system will also invite potential attacks, and traditional security countermeasures can be inefficient in dynamic IoT environments. So open challenges related to IoT security threats and emerging security mechanisms for security of the proposed smart railway crossing system are also elaborated.
Perspective of Policy Interventions in Rice and Cassava Value Chain Among Women in Nigeria
Authors: Adejo Eleojo Grace , Saliu Olusola Jamiu , Adejo Patrick Emmanuel
Published: July 2020

The study investigated trends in rice grain and cassava tuber value addition through processing. Among the staple foods in Nigeria, rice and cassava have gained special prominence and priority attention by the government in terms of their production and value addition. The result indicated that the rice and cassava value chain is affected by different policy regimes. It was also found that women in the north central of Nigeria participated actively in rice and cassava value addition with some challenges. It is recommended that women processors of these commodities should have access to productive resources that can help add value to these commodities, training women on improved value added technologies and innovations by both public and private organizations, and most importantly, making these innovations and technologies affordable, adoptable, and adaptable will go a long way to boost their value added on these commodities through processing.
Habermas and the New Populisms
Authors: Bang Henrik P.
Published: July 2020

Habermas is widely criticized for adumbrating an essentialist, deliberative, and consensual approach to democracy that neglects the significance and importance of contingency, conflict, and emotions in the struggle for hegemony and collective identification. However, his conception of system and lifeworld raise the claim that no society could exist without providing for a minimal degree of political cooperation between professional actors in the political system and spontaneously acting laypeople in the social lifeworld. Contingency, conflict, and emotions are obviously at play in this political conception of how to ground system and lifeworld in mutual relations of power, knowledge, trust, and respect. The goal is not to reach a stable consensus or succumb to conflict and chaos but to avoid that system becomes uncoupled from lifeworld, thus undermining the reciprocal connection between political authorities and laypeople required to make and implement authoritative decisions which are ‘for', ‘of', ‘with', and ‘by' ‘the people'.
The Gastronomy of the Eye
Authors: Dhage Vrushali
Published: July 2020

Works of art can be read at various levels: from being objects of simple retinal pleasure to the other extreme of being significant critical statements of their time. This chapter aims to strike a cerebral dialogue through the works of art. The current study shall consider the latter function of art and analyze the methods in which contemporary Indian artists have made attempts to provide a critique of the early initiatives towards developing Delhi and Mumbai as ‘smart cities'. The review of works from India concludes the essential role of infrastructural projects and envisioned spaces built in the era of economic liberalization. The study aims at drawing a methodological approach, with an art historical perspective, with the artists analysing and translating the urban experiential phenomenon, into artworks.
When Ethics Meets Technology
Authors: Apel Campo Tamar
Published: July 2020

Two conceptual platforms meet in the use of technologies: the technological milieu and the ethical principles that underlie every human action. The interface, called “use,” imposes a change of attitude in the behavior developed by humankind throughout centuries of mental evolution. This interface connects the two platforms although this is invisible to the naked eye. Using complex system analysis, it is possible to identify the components of the two platforms and understand the influences of their characteristics, providing a meaningful perspective of how technologies can contribute to the development of a secure and positive society in the future. The development and use of technologies can influence the developer/user in a positive or damaging way. Neuroscience's contributions point in this direction. The concern for the welfare of people affected by technologies is a must in the next era. The author intends to prove in an extensive way that for safety, ethic regulations should be considered for industry, health, and education.
The Study of Genetic Type Steganographic Models to Increase Noise Immunity of IoT Systems
Authors: Zaichenko Dmitry S. , Sineva Irina S.
Published: July 2020

Research and development in the field of the Internet of Things, or more generally M2M systems security, is the subject of daily discussion in the ICT market. With the rapid development of intelligent devices, the necessity of valuable information protection has generated many new methods and technologies. Stegoimages, along with genetic algorithms (GA), are a relatively new object in the field of information hiding. The assumption that their application can significantly improve the noise-resistant properties of stegofiles is justified by the properties of the GA, but it is a subject for detailed study, since in such an application the GA has not yet been considered. The proposed method is based on genetic coding that hides messages between Internet of Things devices and is capable of detecting both internal and external attacks in the intellectual infrastructure. A sufficiently high efficiency of preliminary GA coding is shown for objects such as hiding graphic information in a graphic stegocontainer.
Functional Examination of the Evolution of Universities' use of Hyper-Connected and Internet Marketing Strategies
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Burton Sharon L. , Lewis Eugene J.M. , Ezell Darrell , DiPeri Dawn Lee
Published: July 2020

As the year 2020 emerges, many universities are facing declining student enrollments. Six private liberal arts colleges in New England in the United States have announced they will close their doors. Savvy techniques are needed to stop the decline of enrollments and reach new students. Institutions of higher learning are investigating and using effective marketing strategies to propel recruitment and maintain established enrollment number goals. Changing marketing strategies to include the use of media organizations is driven by the Internet to include social media and artificial intelligence. Robust advertising enrollment techniques to attract potential learners is game-changing. This article explores the 2020 function of Internet practices for branding and marketing purposes at colleges and universities.
An Accessible City is a Healthy and People-Centred Smart City
Authors: Marchigiani Elena
Published: July 2020

Accessibility for all is an inspiring issue for future urban agendas. In European cities, the ageing of urban population and the growth of social and economic disparities call for interdisciplinary reflection and practice on the relations between well-being and inclusion and the organization and upgrading of public facilities. The challenge is to ensure the usability of urban spaces to the largest extent of persons, according to their different capabilities. Based on research developed at the University of Trieste (Italy), and taking the region Friuli Venezia Giulia as its main study context, the article questions a variety of recent urban tools and policies in order to show their level of innovation and the obstacles that still oppose their more effective integration. The aim is to highlight possible fields for public action and the need to rethink planning instruments and technical skills in the frame of a user experience and smart design approach.
Challenging Precedent: Critical Care Nursing and Medical Product Innovation
Authors: Giuliano Karen K.
Published: July 2020

In this presentation, I will share my unconventional journey, starting from my first job as a critical care staff nurse to my current role as tenure-track faculty at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where I hold a joint position with the Institute for Applied Life Sciences and the College of Nursing. Throughout this journey, I have had many opportunities to participate in interdisciplinary clinical outcomes research and medical product development as a staff nurse, clinical nurse specialist, and project lead from the clinical, industry, and academic perspectives. While passionate about my central clinical research interests in technology innovation and its responsible use in critical and acute care, the foundation of my approach is dedicated to the values and lessons of my earliest experiences in critical care bedside nursing: supporting and preserving the dignity and humanity of person-centered patient care. Early in my career as a critical care nurse, I realized how vitally important a critical care nursing perspective could be in the design of technology for meeting the critical care needs of patients, nurses, and other professionals who provide this care. As the nation’s largest group of health care professionals, nurses use more products than any other health care professional, and thus nurses have a uniquely practical and care-sensitive perspective on the development and design of medical products. Nurses, especially critical care nurses, are in a unique position to identify and address everyday health care issues, challenge assumptions and the status quo, address unrecognized and unarticulated needs, and ensure that clinical outcomes research serves as the foundation for validating the effectiveness of medical product innovation. My goal is to share lessons learned and to help participants to see the many different ways that critical care nursing knowledge can be used to improve patient care
Role Incongruence and Psychological Stress Symptoms in Substitute Decision Makers of Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Smith Orla M. , Metcalfe Kelly , Puts Martine , McDonald Ellen , Sue-Chee Shivon , Friedrich Jan O.
Published: July 2020

Background

Most intensive care patients require substitute decision makers (SDMs) to make decisions. The SDMs may prefer an active, shared, or passive decision-making role. Role incongruence is when preferred and actual roles differ.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of decision-making role preferences and role incongruence on psychological distress symptoms in SDMs.

Methods

A multicenter, interviewer-administered survey was conducted among SDMs of critically ill adults. The Control Preferences Scale was used to evaluate role preferences. Psychological distress was defined as anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress symptoms with predefined cut points on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score > 10 on the anxiety or the depression subscale) and Impact of Events Scale (score > 30).

Results

One hundred eighty SDMs were recruited; 64% responded. Most were white (71%) and female (65%); 46% were spouses. Role preferences varied: active, 24%; shared, 44%; and passive, 31%. Almost half (49%) reported incongruence. Symptom prevalence was 50% for posttraumatic stress, 32% for anxiety, and 16% for depression. Most (56%) reported some psychological distress. In multivariable logistic regression, the composite outcome of psychological distress was independently associated with patient death (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.08-8.02; P = .03), female sex of SDM (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.49-5.89; P = .002), and incongruence (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.67-6.36; P < .001).

Conclusions

Adverse psychological symptoms are prevalent in SDMs of critically ill patients and are related to role incongruence.
Safety and Effectiveness of Early Oral Hydration in Patients After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Ford Catherine , McCormick Donna , Parkosewich Janet , Derycke-Chapman Katrien , Marshall Judith , Mancarella Jessica , Chepulis Anne
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients fast after cardiothoracic surgery because of concerns for nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia; fasting, however, causes thirst, a distressing symptom. To our knowledge, no studies exist to guide hydration practices in this population.

Objective

To determine the effect of early oral hydration on adverse events and thirst in patients after cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods

This study applied a prospective 2-group design in which 149 patients from an 18-bed cardiothoracic intensive care unit were randomized to either usual care (a 6-hour fast) or early oral hydration after extubation. The research protocol involved nurses evaluating patients’ readiness for oral hydration and then offering them ice chips. If patients tolerated the ice chips, they were allowed to drink water 1 hour later.

Results

Most patients (91.3%) had undergone coronary artery or valve surgery, or both. Demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups. No significant between-group differences were found for the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or dysphagia, and no aspiration pneumonia occurred. Significantly more patients with a high thirst level were in the usual care group (81.2%) than in the early oral hydration group (56.5%; P = .002, r2 test). After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables by using logistic regression, early oral hydration was independently and negatively associated with a high thirst level (odds ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13-0.69]; P = .004).

Conclusion

This research provides new evidence that oral hydration (ice chips and water) soon after extubation is safe and significantly reduces thirst in particular patients.
Lower Limb Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hughes Gerwyn , Musco Perry , Caine Samuel , Howe Lauren
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To identify reported (1) common biomechanical asymmetries in the literature after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in adolescents during landing and (2) timescales for asymmetry to persist postsurgery.

Data Sources

We identified sources by searching the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases using the following search terms: asymmetry OR symmetry AND landing AND biomechanics OR kinematics OR kinetics.

Study Selection

We screened the titles and abstracts of 85 articles using our inclusion criteria. A total of 13 articles were selected for further analysis.

Data Extraction

Three reviewers independently assessed the methodologic quality of each study. We extracted the effect sizes directly from studies or calculated them for biomechanical variables assessing asymmetry between limbs of participants with ACL reconstruction. We conducted meta-analyses on variables that were assessed in multiple studies for both double- and single-limb landings.

Data Synthesis

Asymmetry was more commonly identified in kinetic than kinematic variables. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction appeared to have a large effect on asymmetry between limbs for peak vertical ground reaction force, peak knee-extension moment, and loading rate during double-limb landings, as well as mean knee-extension moment and knee energy absorption during both double- and single-limb landings.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that return-to-sport criteria after ACL reconstruction should incorporate analysis of the asymmetry in loading experienced by each limb rather than movement patterns alone.
Explicit symmetric DGLA models of 3-cells
Authors: Griniasty Itay , Lawrence Ruth
Published: July 2020

We give explicit formulae for differential graded Lie algebra (DGLA) models of$3$-cells. In particular, for a cube and an$n$-faceted banana-shaped$3$-cell with two vertices,$n$edges each joining those two vertices, and$n$bi-gon$2$-cells, we construct a model symmetric under the geometric symmetries of the cell fixing two antipodal vertices. The cube model is to be used in forthcoming work for discrete analogues of differential geometry on cubulated manifolds.
Феномен $\mathrm P=\mathrm W$
Authors: Katzarkov Ludmil , Przyjalkowski Victor Vladimirovich , Harder Andrew
Published: July 2020

В настоящей работе описаны последние достижения в направлении
зеркальной гипотезы $\mathrm P=\mathrm W$, которая связывает весовую фильтрацию
на когомологиях многообразия лог-Калаби-Яу
с превратной фильтрацией Лере на когомологиях
гомологически зеркально двойственного многообразия Калаби-Яу,
взятой для отображения аффинизации. Эта гипотеза обобщает
классическую связь межу числами Ходжа
зеркально двойственных компактных многообразий Калаби-Яу,
включая в нее идеи, появившиеся в новаторских работах де Катальдо,
Мильгорини и Хаузеля [1] и де Катальдо и Мильгорини [2].
Мы даем обзор мотивировки этой гипотезы и
последних связанных с ней результатов и описываем,
как эти результаты возникают из формулировки SYZ
зеркальной симметрии. Такая интерпретация зеркальной гипотезы $\mathrm P=\mathrm W$
дает ее возможную связь с хорошо известной
в неабелевой теории Ходжа гипотезой $\mathrm P=\mathrm W$.
Библиография: 22 названия.
La sostenibilidad agroecológica en la formación de los ingenieros agrónomos. Aportes para una educación ambiental.
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Sergio Luis , Rondón Castillo Ana Julia , Fuentes Alfonso Leticia , Jardines González Sonia Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Los planes de estudio para la formación de ingenieros agrónomos han adolecido de un enfoque holístico curricular en el tratamiento de la sostenibilidad de la producción agropecuaria con enfoque agroecológico. De ahí que el trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis crítico a los Planes de Estudio para la carrera de Agronomía en Cuba. Se empleó la investigación documental y bibliográfica, así como se incorporaron las consideraciones teóricas de los autores, según su experiencia docente-investigativa, científica metodológica y de extensionismo. Se demostró que existe un reconocimiento por parte de los egresados y en menor medida por los empleadores, por la preparación que reciben sobre el enfoque sostenible-agroecológico de la producción agropecuaria a lo largo de la carrera. Se concluye el estudio afirmando que se debe generar un análisis al interior de las Facultades de Ciencias Agropecuarias para determinar cómo debe estructurarse la enseñanza de la Agronomía sobre la base de la sostenibilidad agroecológica, en función formar a corto y mediano plazo una masa crítica de egresados con capacidades para enfrentar los retos de seguir avanzando hacia una agricultura sostenible.