bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of heuristics in genetic testing decision-making: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Zimmermann Bettina Maria , Shaw David Martin , Elger Bernice , Koné Insa
Published: November 2021

Background

Decision-making concerning predictive genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes is inherently complex. This study aims to investigate what kind of complexities adults undergoing genetic counseling in Switzerland experience, how they deal with them, and what heuristics they use during the decision-making process.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with eighteen Swiss adults seeking genetic counseling for hereditary cancer syndrome genetic testing and two counseling physicians were conducted and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Results

Counselees stated that once they were aware of their eligibility for genetic testing they perceived an inevitable necessity to make a decision in a context of uncertainties. Some counselees perceived this decision as simple, others as very complex. High emotional involvement increased perceived complexity. We observed six heuristics that counselees used to facilitate their decision: Anticipating the test result; Focusing on consequences; Dealing with information; Interpreting disease risk; Using external guidance; and (Re-)Considering the general uncertainty of life.

Limitations

Our findings are limited to the context of predictive genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. This qualitative study does not allow extrapolation of the relative frequency of which heuristics occur.

Conclusions

The use of heuristics is an inherent part of decision-making, particularly in the complex context of genetic testing for inherited cancer predisposition. However, some heuristics increase the risk of misinterpretation or exaggerated external influences. This may negatively impact informed decision-making. Thus, this study illustrates the importance of genetic counselors and medical professionals being aware of these heuristics and the individual manner in which they might be applied in the context of genetic testing decision-making. Findings may offer practical support to achieve this, as they inductively focus on the counselees’ perspective.
The use of finite mixture models to examine the serum 25(OH)D levels among Saudis
Authors: Al-Sumaih Ibrahim , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran
Published: November 2021

Background

Recorded serum 25(OH)D in survey data varies with observed and unobserved respondent characteristics. The aim of this study was to expose latent population sub-groups and examine variation across groups regarding relationships between serum 25(OH)D and observable characteristics.

Methods

This study explored the role of unobserved heterogeneity on associations between surveyed 25(OH)D and various factors using a sample (n = 2,641) extracted from the Saudi Health Interview Survey (2013). Linear regression and finite mixture models (FMM) were estimated and compared. The number of latent classes in the FMM was chosen based on BIC score.

Result

Three latent classes were identified. Class I (39.82%), class II (41.03%), and class III (19.15%) with mean 25(OH)D levels of 22.79, 34.88, and 57.45 ng/ml respectively. Distinct patterns of associations with nutrition, behaviour and socio-demographic variables were recorded across classes that were not revealed in pooled linear regression.

Conclusion

FMM has the potential to provide additional insights on the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and observable characteristics. It should be more widely considered as a method of investigation in this area.
Anthropocene nostalgia for the 1980s in Netflix’s Stranger Things
Authors: Relidzyńska Alicja
Published: November 2021

Expressions of nostalgia for the 1980s in contemporary American culture are diverse. The most interesting of them go beyond a wistful longing for the past. A complex ‘nostalgia trip’ offered by Netflix’s Stranger Things serves as a notable case study of a distinctive type of this sentiment. Instead of yearning for the restoration of previous times, it plays with past aesthetics in a critically articulate manner, effectively demythologizing the depicted decade. I argue that this significant alteration of the traditional sentiment stems largely from the recent acknowledgment of the Anthropocene and its irreversibility. This article aims to examine the peculiar, self-aware, paradoxical nostalgia, which is coloured by the current, Anthropocene-induced fears for the environment and, thus, our future. The analysis of Stranger Things – its thematics, genre, visuals and the meticulously reconstructed image of the presented era – draws parallels to the techniques employed by the ‘novel nostalgia’: bitter, ironic depiction of the past and references to natural phenomena. The study thus investigates the show at the intersection of contemporary nostalgia for the 1980s and the cultural repercussions of the Anthropocene. In so doing, it will unravel the innovation in the programme’s discourse on the 1980s decade in American culture.
Jordan Peele’s Get Out: Political Horror, Dawn Keetley (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Fuchs Michael
Published: November 2021

Review of: Jordan Peele’s Get Out: Political Horror, Dawn Keetley (ed.) (2020)

Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 254 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81425-580-3, h/bk £98.95, p/bk £29.95
Popular Modernism and Its Legacies: From Pop Literature to Video Games, Scott Ortolano (2018)
Authors: Yeates Robert
Published: November 2021

Review of: Popular Modernism and Its Legacies: From Pop Literature to Video Games, Scott Ortolano (2018)

New York: Bloomsbury Academic, xi + 277 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-50132-511-3, h/bk, £100.00, p/bk £29.99
Mapeamento do risco de fluxo de detritos com base em modelo GIS
Authors: Morais Canedo de Magalhães Paula , S. F. Jardim Sayão Alberto
Published: November 2021

A identificação de áreas com predisposição à ocorrência de desastres naturais surge como informação importante, principalmente no contexto urbano. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo é propor uma metodologia para o mapeamento de áreas de risco de fluxo de detritos, considerado como um dos acidentes naturais que mais provocam mortes e perdas materiais. Para tanto, esse estudo fez a modelagem de estabilidade das encostas diretamente num software GIS, em que foram utilizados o Modelo do Talude Infinito, para o cálculo da estabilidade, e do Método CN do SCS, como modelo de infiltração. Na análise de risco, considerou-se que Risco é definido pelo produto da probabilidade de ocorrência de um fluxo de detritos (Perigo), onde é avaliada a influência das características do meio físico e do seu processo deflagrador; com a severidade das suas consequências, medidas em termos de população afetada (Exposição) e suas fragilidades (Vulnerabilidade).
Qualidade de amostras “indeformadas” em solos não coesivos recolhidas com procedimentos avançados
Authors: Ramos Catarina , Molina-Gómez Fausto , Ferreira Cristiana , Viana da Fonseca António
Published: November 2021

Ao longo da última década, as técnicas de amostragem de solos têm evoluído no sentido de reduzirem o atrito na interface entre o amostrador e o solo, minimizando as perturbações e obtendo amostras de alta qualidade para caracterização laboratorial. No âmbito de um projeto de investigação focado no estudo da liquefação em Portugal (LIQ2PROEARTH) e um europeu mais global (LIQUEFACT), foi implementado um campo experimental nas zonas de Benavente e Vila Franca de Xira, no qual foram realizados diversos ensaios in situ (SPT, CPTu, DMT), com medição de ondas sísmicas (SCPTu e SDMT) em locais onde foram recolhidas amostras indeformadas. O presente trabalho apresenta a experiência com amostradores especialmente adaptados a condições difíceis, Dames & Moore e Gel-Push, em depósitos aluvionares granulares com suscetibilidade à liquefação. Os procedimentos de manuseamento e transporte adotados são descritos e o desempenho de cada metodologia é avaliada em termos de integridade material e estrutural. Assim, recorre-se a um método que permite comparar as velocidades das ondas distorcionais obtidas tanto em campo como em laboratório, aqui com recurso a bender elements. Ambos os amostradores mostraram ser competentes na extração de amostras de areias e areias siltosas soltas de elevada qualidade.
Autóipar a gyártáson túl: Stratégiai dilemmák és trendek az iparág belátható jövőjében
Authors: Ferincz Adrienn , Baksa Máté , Kárpáti Zoltán , Tarody Dávid
Published: November 2021

Az autóipar előtt álló változások sokféle irányt vehetnek. Míg technológiai oldalról a gyártási és értékesítési folyamatok digitalizációja, az adatvezérelt szolgáltatások megjelenése, az elektromos autók elterjedése és az önvezető autók – inkább távlati – térhódítása állítja kihívás elé a szektort, addig fogyasztói oldalról a vállalati és egyéni vevők változó elvárásaihoz kell alkalmazkodniuk az iparági szereplőknek. Az autóipar jövőjét meghatározó trendekkel kapcsolatban a sajtócikkek és olykor a tanácsadói jelentések is túlzó várakozásokat ébresztenek. Az iparági szereplők pedig egyszerre igyekeznek megfelelni a részvényesek és a kormányzati szereplők felfokozott várakozásainak, és reális stratégiai tervekkel készülni az előttük álló jövőre. A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Vezetéstudományi Intézete egy átfogó szakirodalmi feltáró kutatást és interjúkra építő kvalitatív kutatást készített több iparági szakértő bevonásával. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy az iparág különböző nézőpontú szereplőinek és egyéb érintettjeinek bevonásával reális képet alakítsunk ki arról, milyen trendek, folyamatok várhatóak az autóipari kereskedelem és szolgáltatások területén a következő 5-10 évben. Azokra a kérdésekre kerestük a választ, hogy a szektor szereplői hogyan vélekednek a globális változásokról, trendekről: ezek közül véleményük szerint melyek és hogyan fogják érinteni az autókereskedelmet és a hozzá kapcsolódó szolgáltatásokat? Mely trendeket tartanak az egyes szereplők valós kihívásnak, és ezekkel kapcsolatosan milyen várakozásaik vannak az elkövetkező 5-10 évre vonatkozóan? Magyarországon milyen hatásai várhatók mindennek?
ARIZONA ALZHEIMER’S REGISTRY: STRATEGY AND OUTCOMES OF A STATEWIDE RESEARCH RECRUITMENT REGISTRY
Authors: Saunders K.T. , Langbaum J.B. , Holt C.J. , Chen W. , High N. , Langlois C. , Sabbagh M. , Tariot P.N.
Published: November 2021

Background:The Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium (AAC) created the Arizona Alzheimer’s Registry, a screening and referral process for people interested in participating in Alzheimer’s disease related research. The goals of the Registry were to increase awareness of Alzheimer's disease research and accelerate enrollment into AAC research studies. Methods: Participation was by open invitation to adults 18 and older. Those interested provided consent and completed a written questionnaire. A subset of Registrants underwent an initial telephone cognitive assessment. Referral to AAC sites was based on medical history, telephone cognitive assessment, and research interests. Results: A total of 1257 people consented and 1182 underwent an initial cognitive screening. Earned media (38.7%) was the most effective recruitment strategy. Participants had a mean age of 68.1 (SD 10.6), 97% were Caucasian, had 15.2 (SD 2.7) mean years of education, and 60% were female. 30% reported a family history of dementia and 70% normal cognition. Inter-rater agreement between self-reported memory status and the initial telephone cognitive assessment had a kappa of 0.31-0.43. 301 were referred to AAC sites. Conclusion: IThe Registry created an infrastructure and process to screen and refer a high volume of eager Registrants. These methods were found to be effective at prescreening individuals for studies, which facilitated AAC research recruitment. The established infrastructure and experiences gained from the Registry have served as the prototype for the web-based Alzheimer’s Prevention Registry, a national registry focusing on Alzheimer's disease prevention research.
A NOVEL STUDY PARADIGM FOR LONG-TERM PREVENTION TRIALS IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE: THE PLACEBO GROUP SIMULATION APPROACH (PGSA). APPLICATION TO MCI DATA FROM THE NACC DATABASE
Authors: Berres M. , Kukull W.A. , Miserez A.R. , Monsch A.U. , Monsell S.E. , Spiegel R.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: The PGSA (Placebo Group Simulation Approach) aims at avoiding problems of sample representativeness and ethical issues typical of placebo-controlled secondary prevention trials with MCI patients. The PGSA uses mathematical modeling to forecast the distribution of quantified outcomes of MCI patient groups based on their own baseline data established at the outset of clinical trials. These forecasted distributions are then compared with the distribution of actual outcomes observed on candidate treatments, thus substituting for a concomitant placebo group. Here we investigate whether a PGSA algorithm that was developed from the MCI population of ADNI 1*, can reliably simulate the distribution of composite neuropsychological outcomes from a larger, independently selected MCI subject sample. Methods: Data available from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) were used. We included 1523 patients with single or multiple domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and at least two follow-ups after baseline. In order to strengthen the analysis and to verify whether there was a drift over time in the neuropsychological outcomes, the NACC subject sample was split into 3 subsamples of similar size. The previously described PGSA algorithm for the trajectory of a composite neuropsychological test battery (NTB) score was adapted to the test battery used in NACC. Nine demographic, clinical, biological and neuropsychological candidate predictors were included in a mixed model; this model and its error terms were used to simulate trajectories of the adapted NTB. Results The distributions of empirically observed and simulated data after 1, 2 and 3 years were very similar, with some over-estimation of decline in all 3 subgroups. The by far most important predictor of the NTB trajectories is the baseline NTB score. Other significant predictors are the MMSE baseline score and the interactions of time with ApoE4 and FAQ (functional abilities). These are essentially the same predictors as determined for the original NTB score. Conclusion: An algorithm comprising a small number of baseline variables, notably cognitive performance at baseline, forecasts the group trajectory of cognitive decline in subsequent years with high accuracy. The current analysis of 3 independent subgroups of aMCI patients from the NACC database supports the validity of the PGSA longitudinal algorithm for a NTB. Use of the PGSA in long-term secondary AD prevention trials deserves consideration.
Glass implanted 210 Po as a method of defining long-term retrospective exposure to radon: First experiments in Israel
Authors: Shirav Moshe , Haquin Gustavo
Published: November 2021

In most epidemiological studies, contemporary radon measurements are used as a proxy for radon concentrations during the latency period even though extreme changes in radon levels may have occurred. Airborne radon decay products are deposited and implanted through alpha recoil into exposed glass surfaces, providing a measure of time-integrated retrospective radon concentration in the environment in which the glass has been located.
Early Life Adversity, Depressive Symptoms, Marital Satisfaction, and Chronic Stress
Authors: Amato Anthony Theodore , Paquin Chantal , Gouin Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

Poor marital satisfaction may exacerbate the association between early life adversity (ELA) and psychological distress, and this effect may be amplified in the context of chronic caregiving stress. The goal of this study was to test whether marital satisfaction moderated the relationship between ELA and depressive symptoms, and whether these associations were moderated by chronic caregiving stress. Method: The sample consisted of 145 mothers in a romantic relationship, caregiving for either an adolescent on the autism spectrum, or a typically developing adolescent. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire assessing exposure to trauma and neglect, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale assessing depressive symptoms, and the Relationship Assessment Scale assessing marital satisfaction. Prior work indicates that mothers of adolescents with autism experience greater parenting stress than mothers of typically developing adolescents. Results: Marital satisfaction moderated the association between ELA and depressive symptoms among mothers experiencing chronic parenting stress, but not among mothers of typically developing adolescents. More specifically, the positive association between ELA and depressive symptoms was exacerbated among participants with lower marital satisfaction. These results suggest that poor marital satisfaction, in addition to concurrent chronic stress, may worsen the psychological consequences of ELA. These effects provide a better understanding of interpersonal factors impacting the long-term consequences of ELA on psychological well-being. Longitudinal studies are needed to observe how these associations change or if they remain stable, as a function of time.
Feeling better in the presence of others: It may depend on whether you are a man or a woman
Authors: Garcia-Marques Teresa , Prada Marília , Fonseca Ricardo , Fernandes Alexandre
Published: November 2021

Previous research has suggested that it is good to have other people around us. Indeed, there seems to be a generally positive impact of the presence of others on individuals’ physical and psychological well-being. In the current work, we examine if these positive experiences may be promoted by the mere presence of nonsignificant others in our environment, during a brief period. Specifically, in two experiments, we compared how being in the presence of others (co-action) versus being alone impacts how participants feel at the moment (mood, Experiment 1) and how satisfied they feel about their lives (general well-being, Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we also manipulated the nature of the task (i.e., demanding/threatening vs. nondemanding). Both experiments revealed that participants feel more positive when in the presence of others. However, important gender differences occurred: mood enhancement for women (vs. men) only occurred when the task was nondemanding. In the case of life satisfaction, only women were sensitive to the presence of others. We discuss how these effects inform the social facilitation literature.
Can the human person be naturalised?
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús
Published: November 2021

The article attempts to clear up what naturalising means in the present context and to show that the naturalistic approach is not sufficiently justified. It proposes the alternative of a hermeneutical approach based on the world of life in which we find ourselves as historical and social participants. To overcome neuroscientific naturalisation and reach a non-naturalistic concept of the person, the Heideggerian approach of the facticity of the Dasein is nevertheless insufficient and Zubirian philosophy is more fruitful.
Critical Naturalism
Authors: Teruel Pedro Jesús
Published: November 2021

In this paper I map the conceptual framework of naturalism, its ontological implications and its current projection in the field of neurophilosophy. I show how critical naturalism formally differs from radical ontological naturalisms, both global and sectoral, in order to become a critical instance. Its theoretical implications lead to a definition of natural causality from the emergentist perspective and to metaphysical scenarios ranging from ontological pluralism to noumenal monism.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Lund (1666–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David
Published: November 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Lund from its inception in 1666 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
In memoriam Emmanuele DiBenedetto (1947–2021)
Authors: Gianazza Ugo
Published: November 2021

Emmanuele DiBenedetto passed away in May 2021, after battling cancer for fifteen months. I have had the unique privilege to collaborate and discuss Mathematics with him, almost up to his final days. Here I briefly present his life and those mathematical results of his, which I consider most familiar with.
Mutual intelligibility of a Kurmanji and a Zazaki dialect spoken in the province of Elazığ, Turkey
Authors: Ozek Fatih , Saglam Bilgit , Gooskens Charlotte
Published: November 2021

We present the first results of a large project concerned with the mutual intelligibility between Zazaki and Kurmanji dialects spoken in Eastern Anatolia. There is an ongoing debate on the classification of Kurmanji and Zazaki as separate languages or as dialects of the same language, Kurdish. However, there is no scientific study of how well speakers of Zazaki and other dialects of Kurdish can understand each other. In this paper, we present the results of a pilot investigation where we tested the mutual intelligibility of 69 Kurmanji and Zazaki participants by means of a word translation task and asked the participants to estimate how well they could understand the other language variety. The results showed that overall the mutual intelligibility was rather low. There was a significant interaction between the effects of gender and language. Zazaki males identified more words correctly than Kurmanji males while Kurmanji females had higher intelligibility scores than Zazaki females. We suggest linguistic (lexical) and non-linguistic (attitudes and amount of exposure) explanations for the intelligibility results. We also have a closer look at the intelligibility of individual words to gain a greater understanding of the reasons for the asymmetric intelligibility results.
Voice pathology detection and classification from speech signals and EGG signals based on a multimodal fusion method
Authors: Geng Lei , Shan Hongfeng , Xiao Zhitao , Wang Wei , Wei Mei
Published: November 2021

Automatic voice pathology detection and classification plays an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of voice disorders. To accurately describe the pronunciation characteristics of patients with dysarthria and improve the effect of pathological voice detection, this study proposes a pathological voice detection method based on a multi-modal network structure. First, speech signals and electroglottography (EGG) signals are mapped from the time domain to the frequency domain spectrogram via a short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The Mel filter bank acts on the spectrogram to enhance the signal’s harmonics and denoise. Second, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as the backbone network to extract sound state features and vocal cord vibration features from the two signals. To obtain a better classification effect, the fused features are input into the long short-term memory (LSTM) network for voice feature selection and enhancement. The proposed system achieves 95.73% for accuracy with 96.10% F1-score and 96.73% recall using the Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD); thus, enabling a new method for pathological speech detection.
Rothia dentocariosa bacteremia in the newborn: causative pathogen or contaminant?
Authors: Mazabanda López Diego A. , Reyes Suárez Desiderio , Urquía Martí Lourdes , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To describe an infrequent case of bacteremia by Rothia dentocariosa in a newborn and to discuss its potential pathogenicity.

Case presentation

R. dentocariosa is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus, common in the human oral cavity that has been isolated in cases of endocarditis, pneumonia, endophthalmitis and peritonitis in adults. Infections in the fetus and newborn have been scarcely reported. We present a full-term newborn with prolonged rupture of membranes, acute elevation of C-reactive protein, and isolation of R. dentocariosa in the blood culture. Endocarditis was ruled out and the patient did well with five days of intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics. To date, only a previous case of sepsis by R. dentocariosa in a neonate with meconium aspiration syndrome and an antenatal death of a full-term fetus with hemorrhagic brain lesions probably related to R. dentocariosa have been reported.

Conclusions

Until more information about the pathogenicity of this germ in the newborn is available, an individualized approach and a close clinical control of the patient with infectious risk factors and bacteremia by R. dentocariosa seem to be prudent.
Resistance scaling on 4N-carpets
Authors: Canner Claire , Hayes Christopher , Huang Robin , Orwin Michael , Rogers Luke G.
Published: November 2021

The

4
⁢
N

{4N}

-carpets are a class of infinitely ramified self-similar fractals with a large group of symmetries. For a

4
⁢
N

{4N}

-carpet F, let

{

F
n

}

n
≥
0

{\{F_{n}\}_{n\geq 0}}

be the natural decreasing sequence of compact pre-fractal approximations with

⋂
n

F
n

=
F

{\bigcap_{n}F_{n}=F}

. On each

F
n

{F_{n}}

, let

ℰ
⁢

(
u
,
v
)

=

∫

F
N

∇
⁡
u

⋅

∇
⁡

v

⁢
d
⁢
x

{\mathcal{E}(u,v)=\int_{F_{N}}\nabla u\cdot\nabla v\,dx}

be the classical Dirichlet form and

u
n

{u_{n}}

be the unique harmonic function on

F
n

{F_{n}}

satisfying a mixed boundary value problem corresponding to assigning a constant potential between two specific subsets of the boundary. Using a method introduced by [M. T. Barlow and R. F. Bass,
On the resistance of the Sierpiński carpet,
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A
431 (1990), no. 1882, 345–360], we prove a resistance estimate of the following form: there is

ρ
=

ρ
⁢

(
N
)

>
1

{\rho=\rho(N)>1}

such that

ℰ
⁢

(

u
n

,

u
n

)

⁢

ρ
n

{\mathcal{E}(u_{n},u_{n})\rho^{n}}

is bounded above and below by constants independent of n. Such estimates have implications for the existence and scaling properties of Brownian motion on F.
A theorem of Roe and Strichartz on homogeneous trees
Authors: Rano Sumit Kumar
Published: November 2021

Let

𝔛

{\mathfrak{X}}

be a homogeneous tree and let

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

be the Laplace operator on

𝔛

{\mathfrak{X}}

. In this paper, we address problems of the following form: Suppose that

{

f
k

}

k
∈
ℤ

{\{f_{k}\}_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}}

is a doubly infinite sequence of functions in

𝔛

{\mathfrak{X}}

such that for all

k
∈
ℤ

{k\in\mathbb{Z}}

one has

ℒ
⁢

f
k

=

A
⁢

f

k
+
1

{\mathcal{L}f_{k}=Af_{k+1}}

and

∥

f
k

∥

≤
M

{\lVert f_{k}\rVert\leq M}

for some constants

A
∈
ℂ

{A\in\mathbb{C}}

,

M
>
0

{M>0}

and a suitable norm

∥
⋅
∥

{\lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert}

. From this hypothesis, we try to infer that

f
0

{f_{0}}

, and hence every

f
k

{f_{k}}

, is an eigenfunction of

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

. Moreover, we express

f
0

{f_{0}}

as the Poisson transform of functions defined on the boundary of

𝔛

{\mathfrak{X}}

.
On length densities
Authors: Chapman Scott T. , O’Neill Christopher , Ponomarenko Vadim
Published: November 2021

For a commutative cancellative monoid M, we introduce the notion of the length density of both a nonunit

x
∈
M

{x\in M}

, denoted

LD
⁡

(
x
)

{\operatorname{LD}(x)}

, and the entire monoid M, denoted

LD
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{LD}(M)}

. This invariant is related to three widely studied invariants in the theory of nonunit factorizations,

L
⁢

(
x
)

{L(x)}

,

ℓ
⁢

(
x
)

{\ell(x)}

, and

ρ
⁢

(
x
)

{\rho(x)}

. We consider some general properties of

LD
⁡

(
x
)

{\operatorname{LD}(x)}

and

LD
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{LD}(M)}

and give a wide variety of examples using numerical semigroups, Puiseux monoids, and Krull monoids. While we give an example of a monoid M with irrational length density, we show that if M is finitely generated, then

LD
⁡

(
M
)

{\operatorname{LD}(M)}

is rational and there is a nonunit element

x
∈
M

{x\in M}

with

LD
⁡

(
M
)

=

LD
⁡

(
x
)

{\operatorname{LD}(M)=\operatorname{LD}(x)}

(such a monoid is said to have accepted length density). While it is well known that the much studied asymptotic versions of

L
⁢

(
x
)

{L(x)}

,

ℓ
⁢

(
x
)

{\ell(x)}

, and

ρ
⁢

(
x
)

{\rho(x)}

(denoted

L
¯

⁢

(
x
)

{\overline{L}(x)}

,

ℓ
¯

⁢

(
x
)

{\overline{\ell}(x)}

, and

ρ
¯

⁢

(
x
)

{\overline{\rho}(x)}

) always exist, we show the somewhat surprising result that

LD
¯

⁢

(
x
)

=

lim

n
→
∞

⁡

LD
⁡

(

x
n

)

{\overline{\operatorname{LD}}(x)=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\operatorname{LD}(x^%
{n})}

may not exist. We also give some finiteness conditions on M that force the existence of

LD
¯

⁢

(
x
)

{\overline{\operatorname{LD}}(x)}

.
A priori error estimates for finite element approximations to transient convection-diffusion-reaction equations in fluidized beds
Authors: Varma V. Dhanya , Nadupuri Suresh Kumar
Published: November 2021

In this work, a priori error estimates for finite element approximations to the governing equations of heat and mass transfer in fluidized beds are derived. These equations are time dependent strongly coupled system of five semilinear convection-diffusion-reaction equations. The a priori error estimates for all the five variables are obtained for the error measured in L
∞(L
2) and

L

2

(

E

)

${L}^{2}\left(\mathcal{E}\right)$

,

E

$\mathcal{E}$

is the energy norm.
Mozart für Anfänger? Zum Verhältnis von Sprachdidaktik, Spracherwerbsforschung und Gemeinsamem Europäischem Referenzrahmen
Authors: Thielmann Winfried
Published: November 2021

Das Erlernen eines Musikinstrumentes wie der Querflöte ist an eine bestimmte Reihenfolge von Stufen technischen Vermögens geknüpft. Ähnliches gilt, wie die Zweitspracherwerbsforschung gezeigt hat, auch für den Erwerb der Strukturen des Deutschen. Es ist erstaunlich, dass die gegenwärtige Sprachdidaktik immer noch im Widerspruch zu diesen Erkenntnissen steht und auch nicht mit dem – leider falsch übersetzten – Originaldokument des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens kompatibel ist.
Photonic integrated chip enabling orbital angular momentum multiplexing for quantum communication
Authors: Zahidy Mujtaba , Liu Yaoxin , Cozzolino Daniele , Ding Yunhong , Morioka Toshio , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Bacco Davide
Published: November 2021

Light carrying orbital angular momentum constitutes an important resource for both classical and quantum information technologies. Its inherently unbounded nature can be exploited to generate high-dimensional quantum states or for channel multiplexing in classical and quantum communication in order to significantly boost the data capacity and the secret key rate, respectively. While the big potentials of light owning orbital angular momentum have been widely ascertained, its technological deployment is still limited by the difficulties deriving from the fabrication of integrated and scalable photonic devices able to generate and manipulate it. Here, we present a photonic integrated chip able to excite orbital angular momentum modes in an 800 m long ring-core fiber, allowing us to perform parallel quantum key distribution using two and three different modes simultaneously. The experiment sets the first steps towards quantum orbital angular momentum division multiplexing enabled by a compact and light-weight silicon chip, and further pushes the development of integrated scalable devices supporting orbital angular momentum modes.
The New Consul and the Eagles of Jupiter: Poetics and Propaganda in Claudian’s Preface to thePanegyric for Mallius Theodorus
Authors: Sánchez-Ostiz Álvaro
Published: November 2021

This article proposes an interpretation of Claudian’s preface to hisPanegyric for Mallius Theodorusthat places the poem in the communicative context of its recitation and in the literary frame of the panegyric. An analysis of the political messages in both poems, the panegyric and its brief ‘paratext’, reveals that the preface consistently uses the myth of the two eagles of Jupiter to indicate symbolically that the new consul is still upholding ‘genuine’ Hellenic culture in the West. This interpretation illustrates how Claudian’s poems for the new consul of 399 assume the Greek cultural heritage to be a part of the Roman identity and that they play a significant role in the poet’s agenda between 397–400, by progressively unveiling the anti-Byzantinism of the Western court.
Why Humans Do Not Cast Off Old Skin Like Snakes. Knowledge and Eternal Youth in Nicander’sTheriaca
Authors: Chernyakhovskaya Olga
Published: November 2021

InTheriaca343–358, Nicander recounts a rather unusual myth. After Prometheus had stolen fire, Zeus was seeking the thief and, when men delivered Prometheus over to him, he gave them the gift of youth. Humans entrusted the ass to carry this load, but the ass was seized by thirst and sought the help of the snake, who demanded in return the thing he was carrying on his back. This is how the gift of youth given to men fell to the serpent’s lot. Ever since, inevitable old age has weighed upon them, while the snakes cast off their old skin and gain a new one. Like any digression in Hellenistic epic poetry, this parable certainly is intended to entertain the reader, yet it must have a more serious function: by showing that it was only out of stupidity that men gave away their invaluable gift to the ass, Nicander asserts the great value of knowledge for life. Remarkably, it is precisely in this passage that the poet has inserted the acrostic of his name. The idea that his poetic work will ensure the survival of his name for future generations, directly expressed in the closing lines, is here conveyed with the greatest refinement.
Corona-Pandemie: COVID-19 und Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist
Published: November 2021

Schon am Anfang der Corona-Pandemie fielen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Diabetes und einer COVID-19 Erkrankung auf. Bei Diabetes mit erhöhten Blutzuckerwerten ist das Infektionsrisiko erhöht, zudem sind bei Diabetes schwere Verläufe häufiger. Die Prognose wird bei Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen des Diabetes weiter verschlechtert. Diese Wechselwirkungen und die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für Prävention und Versorgung werden in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.
Gesunde Ernährung von Anfang an
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Sinningen Kathrin
Published: November 2021

Eine wirkungsvolle Prävention der Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist gleichzeitig ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Diabetesprävention. Mit den Präventionskonzepten für die Kinderernährung in Deutschland liegen lebensmittelbasierte Empfehlungen für das gesamte Wachstumsalter einschließlich Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit vor. Die Grundlagen für eine gesunde Ernährung werden in der Familie gelegt, ergänzt durch Kita und Schule. Mit unterschwelligen Anreizen kann eine gesunde Nahrungswahl erleichtert werden.
Ein Scoping Review internationaler Diabetes-Leitlinien
Authors: Friedrichs Paula , Schmidt Kerstin
Published: November 2021

Im Rahmen eines Scoping Reviews wurden internationale, evidenzbasierte Leitlinien, die für die Primär-, Sekundär- oder Tertiärprävention von Diabetes mellitus relevante Handlungsempfehlungen enthalten, identifiziert und qualitativ bewertet. Die Ergebnisse geben zum einen Aufschluss über die Qualität der identifizierten Leitlinien und zum anderen einen Überblick über die in ihnen veröffentlichten evidenzbasierten Handlungsempfehlungen zur Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus hinsichtlich Präventionsart, Diabetes-Typ und Zielgruppe.
Connoisseurship and the Investigation of Materiality: Four “Rembrandt” Drawings in Weimar*
Authors: Ketelsen Thomas , Wintermann Carsten , Melzer Christien , Dietz Georg , Golle Uwe , Hahn Oliver
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the productive interplay of connoisseurship and material analysis when dealing with drawings by Rembrandt – or previously attributed to him – in the collection of the Klassik Stiftung Weimar. This concerns the more precise determination of the drawing materials used and the reconstruction of the genesis of the drawings discussed. The material analysis allows us to decide whether and how Rembrandt’s inks can be used to determine authorship at all. The “material turn” in drawing studies thus intervenes in the discussion about authorship and opens up a broader production aesthetic perspective. No longer the “style” but rather the handeling becomes the decisive criterion for answering the question “Rembrandt, or not?”
“The condition most habitual with him, work”: David’s Portrait of Napoleon in His Cabinet at the Tuileries
Authors: Lawrence Larkin T.
Published: November 2021

In Napoleon in His Cabinet at the Tuileries (1811–1812), Jacques-Louis David designed a new portrait type wherein the emperor appears to have been up all night working for the welfare of his subjects, furthering the legend of an indefatigable administrator. This essay explores the relationship between Scottish patron and French artist in the fulfilment of a commission, the process of working through post-revolutionary consular and imperial modes of portraiture, the references to civil and military affairs meant to affirm public reports about the emperor’s administrative accomplishments, and the conversation about the relative value of status and money as compensation appropriate for the achievement of a new portrait identity. Despite the brilliant subtlety of David's conceit, Napoleon was content to continue to subsidize the overblown imperialist rhetoric of François Gérard and others.
Tm4IrIn and Lu4PtIn – In4 tetrahedra embedded in RE
22 polyhedra
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2021

The rare earth-rich indides Tm4IrIn and Lu4PtIn were synthesized by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum ampules in an induction furnace. Tm4IrIn (a = 1340.77(4) pm) and Lu4PtIn (a = 1338.0(1) pm) crystallize with the Gd4RhIn-type structure, space group

F

4
‾

3
m

$F\overline{4}3m$

. The Lu4PtIn structure was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: wR = 0.0524, 517 F
2 values and 20 variables. The striking crystal chemical motif is the fcc packing of In4 tetrahedra with 318 pm In–In. The Lu4PtIn structure is closely related to the structures of Lu13Ni6In, Lu14Pd3In3 and Lu20Ir5In3 which all show icosahedral indium coordination and different condensation patterns that build up the indium substructure that consists of a dumbbell in Lu14Pd3In3 and a triangle in Lu20Ir5In3. The results of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate Curie-Weiss paramagnetism for Tm4IrIn (7.76(1) µB per thulium atom) without magnetic ordering down to 2.5 K. Lu4PtIn is Pauli-paramagnetic.
Site preferences and ion dynamics in lithium chalcohalide solid solutions with argyrodite structure: II. Multinuclear solid state NMR of the systems Li6PS5−x
Se
x
Cl and Li6PS5−x
Se
x
Br
Authors: Koch Barbara , Kong Shiao Tong , Gün Özgül , Deiseroth Hans-Jörg , Eckert Hellmut
Published: November 2021

A comprehensive multinuclear (7Li, 31P, 35Cl, 77Se, 79Br) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study has been conducted to characterize local structural configurations and atomic distributions in the crystallographically disordered solid solutions of composition Li6PS5−x
Se
x
X (0 ≤ x ≤ 1, X = Cl, Br) with the Argyrodite structure. In contrast to the situation with the corresponding iodide homologs, there is no structural ordering between the 4a and 4c sites, with the halide ions occupying both of them with close to statistical probabilities. Nevertheless, throughout the composition range, the 16e Wyckoff sites of the Argyrodite structure are exclusively occupied by the chalcogen atoms, forming PY4
3− (Y = S, Se) tetrahedra, indicating the absence of P-halogen bonds. 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR can serve to differentiate between the various possible PS4−n
Se
n

3− tetrahedral units in a quantitative fashion. Compared to the case of the anion-ordered Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I solid solutions, the preference of P–S over P–Se bonding is significantly stronger, but it is weaker than in the halide free solid solutions Li7PS6−x
Se
x
. Each individual PS4−n
Se
n

3− tetrahedron is represented by a peak cluster of up to five resonances, representing the five different configurations in which the PY4
3− ions are surrounded by the four closest chalcogenide and halide anions occupying the 4c sites; this distribution is close to statistical and can be used to deduce deviations of sample compositions from ideal stoichiometry. Non-linear 7Li chemical shift trends as a function of x are interpreted to indicate that the Coulombic traps created by sulfur-rich PS4−n
Se
n

3− ions (n ≤ 2) within the energy landscape of the lithium ions are deeper than those of the other anionic species present (i.e., selenium-richer PY4
3− tetrahedra, isolated chalcogenide or iodide ions), causing the Li+ ions to spend on average more time near them. Temperature dependent static 7Li NMR linewidths indicate higher mobility in the present systems than in the previously studied Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I solid solutions. Unlike the situation in Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I no rate distinction between intra-cage and inter-cage ionic motion is evident. Lithium ionic mobility increases with increasing selenium content. This effect can be attributed to the influences of higher anionic polarizability and a widening of the lithium ion migration pathways caused by lattice expansion. The results offer interesting new insights into the structure/ionic mobility correlations in this new class of compounds.
The Presence of Maoism in Mexico
Authors: Lemus-Delgado Daniel
Published: November 2021

During the Cold War, the influence of Maoism as a third way of establishing a new international order inspired several Latin American guerrilla groups, including some in Mexico. This article analyzes the influence of Maoism in Mexico in particular, and pays specific attention to how Florencio Medrano, a peasant leader, was motivated by Maoist thought to establish the Rubén Jaramillo Proletarian Neighborhood, a self-governing neighborhood, and how this site was considered a critical factor for his development as a guerrilla. In the continuing debate over the relationship between agency and structure, the life and work of Florencio Medrano evidences how both social context and personal history influenced his aspirations and demands. By conducting an analysis of primary and secondary sources, this article analyzes some elements of Maoist thought and its diffusion in Latin America in the context of the Cold War. In addition, the article explains the political formation of Florencio Medrano in the Mexican post-revolutionary period, examines Maoist influences on his political formation and participation in pro-communist organizations, and reviews Maoist influence on the organization of the Rubén Jaramillo Neighborhood. Finally, the conclusions emphasize how the peasant origins of Medrano gave rise to his particular understanding of Maoism.
Safety and Efficacy of Stent Graft Implantation for Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Cao Shoujin , Zou Yinghua , Lyu Tianshi , Fan Zeyang , Guan Haitao , Song Li , Tong Xiaoqiang , Wang Jian
Published: November 2021

Background: Patients with malignant superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) usually require urgent treatments due to a high potential risk of early mortality. Stent implantation can rapidly improve the symptoms of SVCS, which may be beneficial to subsequent anti-tumor therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of stent graft implantation for the treatment of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction caused by non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with acute post-stenting occlusion.
Methods: Between October 2014 and December 2019, 16 patients were selected for stent graft implantation. Technical success and clinical efficacy were assessed. Stent patency and patient survival rates, as well as the complications were analyzed.
Results: There were 17 stent grafts implanted in 16 patients. The technical success was 100%. The residual stenosis after initial implantation was 64.0 ± 9.0%. The stent expanded to an optimal size in 5.5 ± 2.2 days after the initial deployment. Migration occurred when deploying of the stent graft in one patient; this stent graft was successfully stabilized by a second one. No other complications related to the procedure were found except one migration. At 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, the cumulative survival rates were 100%, 75%, 56%, 19% and 0%, respectively. The mean OS was 173 days. The median survival was 166 days.
Conclusions: Stent graft can be safely used in patients with SVC obstruction with a good long-term patency rate.
Early Results after Aortic Valve Replacement Using Last Generation Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve
Authors: Useini Dritan , Schlömicher Markus , Haldenwang Peter , Naraghi Hamid , Moustafine Vadim , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Few data are available about the newest generation surgical bioprosthesis. We aimed to evaluate early clinical and hemodynamic outcomes after using the INSPIRIS RESILIA aortic valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California, USA).
Methods: Between July 2018 and April 2021, 80 patients underwent aortic valve replacement receiving the INSPIRIS RESILIA aortic valve at our institution. Primary outcomes were the composite of early mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes were hemodynamic performances of the valve, paravalvular leakage, and new pacemaker implantation.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 60.6 ± 8.3 years. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgery-Predicted Risk of Mortality score was 2.9 ± 1.7%. In 43.7% of the patients, concomitant surgery was performed. The in-hospital mortality, all-stroke, and myocardial infarction rates were 2.5%, 1.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. No valve was explanted and no redo was performed. The mean postoperative trans-prosthetic gradient at discharge was 10.2 ± 4.1 mm Hg. There was no need for new pacemaker implantation. We registered only two cases with minimal (trace) paravalvular leakage.
Conclusion: The use of the INSPIRIS RESILIA aortic valve in a young, low-risk population is safe and associated with very good early clinical and hemodynamic outcomes.
On Direct Search for Dark Matter in Scattering Processes within Yukawa Model
Authors: Skalozub V.V. , Dmytriiev M.S.
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, no dark matter candidates have been discovered. We consider two possible reasons for that, both related to the approach of on-peak resonance searching for. As is believed usually, a new particle suits the conditions that the ratio of the width to the mass is less than 1–3% and a narrow-width approximation (NWA) is applicable to identify such type resonant peak in the invariant mass spectrum of the collision products. In the present paper, in the framework of a generalized Yukawa model, we find out the properties of the searched particle, when its width is larger than a maximal one expected during experiments, and, so, this state could be confused with a noise. We also ascertain the values of particle’s parameters, when the NWA is not applicable and estimate the width value, when it happens. These estimations are relevant to interactions between the Standard model and dark matter particles. Such approach is focused on the role of couplings and mass values introduced in the model describing the interaction of visible and dark matters.
Influence of Ag2Te on Transport Properties of (AgS-bTe2)0.9(PbTe)0.1
Authors: Ragimov S.S. , Musayev M.A. , Hashimova N.N.
Published: November 2021

The transport properties of (AgSbTe2)0.9(PbTe)0.1, namely, the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck (S) and Hall (RH) coefficients, are studied in the temperature interval 80–560 K. An endothermic peak at 410 K is found by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Sharp changes in the temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power in the region near 410 K are observed. The temperature dependence of Hall coefficient passes through maximum at ∼200 K and has negative sign. It is shown that, these peculiarities are due to the presence of the Ag2Te phase. The thermoelectric Z-factor has the maximum value of 2.7 × 10−3 K−1 at 400 K.