bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIES OF SHIPPING COMPANIES IN GREECE
Authors: Argyriou Aikaterini-Sotiria
Published: January 2023

The aim of the current study was to investigate the strategy that the shipping industry is implementing in Greece. The researcher implemented a survey research with the use of a closeended questionnaire. A convenience sample of 105 employees working in shipping companies in Greece was gathered to answer the research aims. According to the results of the study, most of the companies in which the respondents work were founded more than six years ago. For the most part, companies choose flags of countries with the lowest possible taxation. In relation to the strategy of the companies, most of them evaluate the satisfaction of their customers. Also most companies take care to immediately repair the damage / accidents and work with specific suppliers. Most companies also apply supplier evaluation procedures. The analysis also revealed that companies use environmental protection procedures and have a budget for training costs. They also apply an evaluation of the integrity of the training for all employees, but also an evaluation of the degree of organization of the company. Many of the companies use good working conditions (e.g. new ships), pay and education / training as an incentive to attract seafarers. In addition, the companies under study, as a strategy for their development, place great emphasis on crew training. Most companies also consider formal communication, business goals and financial goals, as well as informal communication, to be quite important. Finally, in almost all companies, formal control systems are used by senior management to gather information about the tasks they want to focus on, and managers maintain control in areas that do not require special attention of senior managers.
FEATURES OF RETAIL TRADE INDUSTRY TRANSNATIONALIZATION
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Bezzubchenko Olga
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the processes of transnationalization of the retail trade industry. It was determined that in connection with the transition of the leading countries to post-industrial stage of development, the creation and expansion of the consumer society, very significant changes took place in the field of retail trade, which, also under the influence of the consequences of the global pandemic, significantly affected the scale and role of this branch the of the world economy. primarily in developed countries. A quantitative assessment of the degree of uneven distribution of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the retail trade industry by asset value was carried out, which indicates an uneven distribution of the value of assets among MNE leaders in the industry and a relatively high degree of their concentration. It was determined and substantiated that the features of modern processes of transnationalization of the retail trade industry are: reorientation of companies to omnichannel and e-commerce; increase in online sales; orientation of companies to trade abroad; digital transformations; companies' use of AR/VR technologies, Big Data and robotic processing, visual search and voice assistance technologies
ECONOMIC DISINTEGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RATIO OF EU MEMBER STATES’ INNOVATION POWER
Authors:   Uzhgorod National University, Zayats O. I. , T. V. Yarema T. V. ,   Uzhgorod National University
Published: January 2023

In the context of disintegration, the genesis of the European Union is connected with a complex interrelationship of objective but sometimes contradictory goals - strengthening competition within the grouping and increasing the competitiveness of the European Union as a whole. The purpose of the study is to analyze the processes of economic disintegration in the context of the ratio of the EU member states’ innovation power. The article studies the processes of economic disintegration in the context of the ratio of innovation power of the member states of the European Union. It is noted that the processes of integration and disintegration are based on centrifugal and centripetal tendencies. The objective causes of disintegration processes in the European Union have been identified. The research found out that the difficulty of measuring the process of economic disintegration in the context of the ratio of the innovative power of the EU member states is connected, first, to the speed of divergent processes and the existence of four typical models of disintegration: conflict disintegration; stagnant disintegration; shock disintegration; divergent disintegration. The article proved that today's attempts to measure the economic disintegration process are based on the application of the analysis of the dynamics of beta and sigma convergence in international integration groups. It singled out two models of the disintegration of the production process based on empirical studies of competitive success in global instability: the industrial district/local production system model and the lean production/collaborative supply chain model. The practical significance of the research results. It was concluded that, on the one hand, the disintegration processes in the EU member states are mainly due to historical reasons (first of all, the integration structure on the European continent without reliance on effective national institutional and legal forms). On the other hand, disintegration affects modern social development. It determines numerous economic consequences for the countries that are the sources of disintegration activity and the states participating in the integration grouping.
CONTROL IN THE STRUCTURE OF BUSINESS DEOFSHORIZATION MECHANISM
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Verhun V. , Pryiatelchuk O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: January 2023

The national model of legalization of offshore business operations requires active actions of the state and close cooperation with international regulators to create a common legislative framework and harmonize the tax system, use the international experience of deoffshoring the economy to improve the investment climate and reduce the process of national capital outflow to offshore jurisdictions. Controlling acts as an effective tool for assessment, monitoring, forecasting and regulation of any processes in the field of offshore business activities, as well as it is an actual mechanism for business de-offshorization. The main goal of the article is both to research the existing toolset of controlling measures in the field of deoffshoring of business activities, and to evaluate the international experience and effectiveness of its application and modern conditions of development and transformation of the global business environment. The authors summarized the modern practice of applying controlling deoffshoring measures, identified the main directions of building a compiler regulatory policy, singled out several effective mechanisms of business de-offshoring. The positive experience of using certain tools by the regulatory institutions of the USA, EU countries, Hong Kong, and other countries, as well as the practice of implementing the ATAD, BEPS, FATF, FSB programs is currently useful material for building a national model of anti-offshore regulation.
TRENDS OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTELLECTUALIZATION OF WORLD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   The All-Ukrainian Association for International Employment, Voskoboinyk V.V. , Voskoboinyk D.V ,   Institute of Training of Personnel of the State Employment Service of Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the assessment of the trends of international labor migration as the main part of international migration movements in the countries of the world in the context of the impact on them of modern transformational changes in global economic development, in particular, the intellectualization of migration flows and the digitalization of the economy. A trend has been established to increase the number of international migrants in the world during the last half century. It has been proven that the increase in the volume of labor migration has a significant impact on the labor markets of both the countries from which people leave and the countries receiving migrants. Attention is focused on the fact that the influx of labor to the host countries contributes to their economic growth. This is because most migrant workers are in active working age, which increases their impact on GDP production. The dynamics of international migration indicators by world region over the past 20 years have been analyzed. It has been established that in the world economy there is a growing need for highly qualified specialists, first of all, for high-tech sectors of the service sphere – IT industry, engineering services, the field of applied research and development, etc. It was concluded that there is an increase in the share of persons with a high level of education among labor migrants. This is a natural result of the transformation of science into the most productive force. It is substantiated that the receiving countries, taking into account the deepening of the process of intellectualization of world economic development, are building a policy of intellectualization of migration flows. This is implemented by recognizing the priority of attracting highly skilled migrants. These countries are developing a migration policy aimed at attracting the appropriate categories of labor force. The levers of countering the «brain drain» and encouraging the influx of highly intelligent workforce of the interested countries in the conditions of increased international competition for intellectual capital have been determined
IMPACT OF THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE EUROPEAN UNION COMPETITIVENESS
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Oriekhova T.V.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the development of the potential of the transport and logistics industry on the competitiveness of EU countries. In the work, a retrospective analysis of the formation of the unified transport policy of the EU is carried out. Using statistical methods of analysis and official information sources, the specifics of the modal distribution of domestic freight transport of the EU countries, its national and international components, were investigated. Based on data from the World Bank and the World Economic Forum, the dependence of international competitiveness and the development of transport sector indicators on the accession of some countries to the common market of the European Union was analyzed. Conclusions were made about the need for innovative approaches to the formation of a unified transport policy of European states, based on the principles of sustainable development. The common transport policy is the central pillar of the single market in the European Union, which is extremely important for ensuring the free movement of people, services and goods. In addition, the transport sector makes a significant contribution to the EU's economic prosperity, accounting for around 9 percent of European gross value added. The multiplicative effect of this contribution can be measured in several directions, such as the accessibility index, the transport infrastructure index, the reduction of emissions and noise levels, the growth of employment and labor supply, the growth of GDP per capita, productivity, the density of new business, the number of enterprises, the inflow of FDI, export of goods and services and, finally, a decrease in the market price. Finally, infrastructure development is one of the basic factors that ensure the country's global competitiveness rating, which is proven by the examples of several new EU member states. The challenges facing the European transport sector today require a comprehensive review. For example, the goal of complete decarbonization of transport can only be achieved with the help of zero-emission mobility, which avoids the transport policy of finding new innovative approaches. Integration into the European transport network TEN-T can bring Ukraine almost 4.5 billion dollars investments until 2030.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF NEO-PROTECTIONISM IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Khadzhynov I.V. , Ruzhynskas O.V. ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to defining the methodological foundations of neoprotectionism in the era of digitization. It was determined that the current state of global economic development contributes to the transformation of the production paradigm, and it also changes the traditional perception of the foreign economic strategies of the countries in the world. The traditional view of scientists on the policy of protectionism was considered. The consequences of protectionist measures for countries in the long term were highlighted. It was substantiated that in the new conditions of post-industrial development, the policy of protectionism acquires a new meaning. It is also determined that the process of digitization becomes especially relevant after the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by the global trend of transforming the world economy on the basis of digital technologies. It was determined that these processes require the protection of digital services’ national providers and the activation of regulatory mechanisms in the context of global digitization. It was determined that a new type of protectionist measures in the context of digitization (digital protectionism) is implemented by establishing barriers or obstacles to digital trade while simultaneously promoting the formation of national digital companies in order for the country to acquire new comparative advantages. The measures of digital protectionism in the countries of Asia, the European Union, the USA, etc. have been analyzed. The relevance of digital protectionism for Ukraine is justified in order to increase the competitiveness of the country's economy by the comparative advantages’ development in modern technological industries in the conditions of the formation of a post-industrial type of economy. The following methods were used: the historical-logical method to determine the historical objective prerequisites for the formation of protectionist policy; the method of comparative analysis - for the analysis of modern measures of digital protectionism in different countries of the world; methods of analysis and synthesis, system generalization - for systematization of research results.
HARMONIZATION OF NATIONAL COURTS’ ACTIVITIES WITH THE CASE-LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS TO HEALTH CARE
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Teremetskyi Vladyslav , Muljar Galyna ,   Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism
Published: January 2023

The authors of the article have analyzed the peculiarities of human rights protection in the health care sector by national courts; in particular, they have focused on the case-law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine. The authors have indicated legal requirements for taking into account the recognized international and legal requirements of the legislation, as well as the best European experience while considering and resolving disputes. The main grounds for appealing the decisions of national courts to the European Court of Human Rights have been determined. It has been emphasized that the basis for appealing recourse to the ECHR can only be the violation of the rights guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols; and since the right to health care is not contained in these acts, human rights in the health care sector are protected indirectly through other rights and freedoms (right to life, right to liberty and personal integrity, right to respect for private and family life, right to a fair trial, etc.). It has been substantiated that the relevant solution to the contradictions of national and European legal enforcement is compensation for non-pecuniary damage in medical matters, protection of the rights of mentally ill persons in the health care sector, as well as ensuring the right of persons deprived of liberty, medical care. It has been established that the main areas for the harmonization of national courts’ activities with the case-law of the ECHR in the context of protecting medical rights should be: ensuring the recognition and enforcement of foreign courts’ decisions by Ukraine; the possibility of reviewing the case by national courts in case if an international court has proved the violation of the provisions of the Convention; balance and consistency of national legislation with the provisions of the Convention in order to avoid violations, the significance of the decisions of the ECHR and focus on them within legal enforcement practice.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER SUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AS SUBJECTS OF CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF FORENSIC EXPERT INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   KYIV SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC EXPERTISE, Ruvin Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

It is noted that international cooperation in ensuring the quality of forensic institutions is important for ensuring the European integration of Ukraine. It is noted that the participation of international organizations and other subjects of international law in the process of control over the activities of forensic institutions is currently quite limited. Emphasis is placed on the fact that some control over the activities of forensic institutions is exercised through the activities of international organizations in the field of human rights protection. Despite the fact that such international organizations do not directly affect the quality of expert activity of forensic institutions, but the level of quality of such activity is promoted by ensuring that judicial experts inviolability of human rights and legitimate interests, avoidance of corruption and others. It was emphasized that further development of international control over the activities of forensic institutions should be aimed at improving the quality of forensic examinations, as well as increasing confidence in the activities of forensic institutions of Ukraine and thus ensuring international recognition of their expert opinions. These objectives can be achieved through the implementation of the following measures: 1) accession of other forensic institutions to the European Network of Forensic Institutions - ENFSI; 2) participation in international training programs for forensic experts; 3) further work on accreditation of laboratories of forensic institutions not only of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Justice, but also of others; 4) assessing the suitability of expert research methods, bringing them to international standards and expert research methods, etc.
PROCEDURE FOR SECURING A CLAIM IN ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIARY
Authors:   Kirovohrad District Administrative Court, Kravchuk Olga
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the procedure for securing a claim in administrative proceedings. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and judicial practice, the main procedural problems that arise when applying the security of an administrative claim are identified and ways to solve them are proposed. The requirements to the statement on securing the claim are investigated and conclusions are made about the inexpediency of leaving the statement on securing the claim without motion. In the context of compliance with the principle of dispositivity, the right of the court to independently initiate securing a claim is considered. The proposals on the possibility of replacing the composition of the court considering the application for securing the claim are substantiated. Attention is paid to the issue of execution of court decisions on securing the claim. It is noted that the issue of the legal consequences of a person's application to secure a claim before filing a claim in violation of the rules of jurisdiction established by the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine remains unregulated. At present, in such situations, the courts either refuse in essence to secure the claim or, by analogy with the law, return the application for securing the claim without consideration. It is determined that the inconsistency of the application for securing a claim filed before filing a claim with the rules of jurisdiction should be determined directly in the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine as a ground for returning such an application without consideration. The issue of the procedure for consideration of the application for securing a claim established by Article 154 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine is considered. Thus, the application for securing the claim is considered by the court in which the case is pending or to which the claim must be filed, not later than two days from the date of its receipt, without notifying the parties to the case. The issue of observance of the term of consideration of the statement on securing the claim in case of occurrence of circumstances which make impossible consideration of such statement by the judge in which carrying out there is a corresponding administrative case is separately considered: stay of the judge on leave, business trip, his temporary incapacity, etc.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Tykhomyrova Galyna , Romanova K. ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the problems of involving children in armed conflicts and issues of their protection. The problems that children face during participation in hostilities have been identified. The realization of the rights of the child is a problem for all states. Nowadays, there is no state where this problem has been completely solved. It is difficult to exercise all the rights of the child in peacetime, but it is especially difficult to guarantee their exercise in times of armed conflict. The child during armed conflicts becomes the main victim of hostilities and terrorist acts. The armed conflict in Ukraine, which is lasting more than 5 years, and the political and military events in the Chechen Republic, the Autonomous Province of Kosovo, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and South Ossetia, which show special vulnerability of children, are a clear confirmation of the urgency of this topic. Therefore, international law provides special forms of protection of children in hostilities. Since children are considered a vulnerable part of the population, armed conflicts have a tremendous impact on them. Children can be both victims of wars and their direct participants as combatants (members of the armed forces), being forcibly involved in the conflict. The military action of children-combatants in the world is an extremely hot topic due to the constant armed conflict and the very low economic level. This is especially true in some countries on the African continent (Somalia, Chad, Kenya), as well as in Afghanistan and Iraq. According to that fact, children do not have access to full-fledged upbringing and education; they are easily influenced or deceived by adults. They also do not have the opportunity to eat properly, which pushes them to take part in the armed conflict as soldiers, because only in this way will they be able to feed themselves and their families. Children, who are discriminated, including the discrimination on the grounds of gender, are most often recruited. Participation in the armed forces provides them with food, clothing and protection from such problems. The problematic issue of the child's age, before which he can take part in armed conflicts, has been studied. Violations against minors during armed conflicts are considered. Examples from the judicial practice on the topic of research are described. The directions of the solution of the considered problems are offered/
CONTENT OF CIVIL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Authors:   Pechersky District Court of Kyiv, Sokolov Oleksij , Knysh Zorjana ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: January 2023

It has been proved that the protection of the rights of internally displaced persons is to provide such persons with a set of guarantees regarding the possibility of ownership and realization of their rights, as well as the possibility of protecting them, in case of their violation. In this regard, the legal protection of property rights and provision of the possibility of its implementation are considered at different levels: international and legal, national and local. The author has grounded the statement on the need to allocate two areas of protection of property rights of internally displaced persons: national and international. It has been concluded that the protection of property rights of internally displaced persons is carried out in two ways: public (as an element of the general system of ensuring law and order) and private (as a mean of the mechanism for providing and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of a person). The content of civil and legal protection of property rights of internally displaced persons has been determined in the article; and propositions for improving the legislation in the field of protecting property rights of these persons have been formulated. It has been indicated that the mechanism of civil and legal protection of property rights of internally displaced persons includes: development of theoretical principles of its construction; development and vindication of the integrity of draft regulations; harmonization of legislation that regulates property relations with the participation of internally displaced persons with international law; timely introduction of amendments and alterations to the current legislation in accordance with the undertaken obligations; creation of an appropriate infrastructure to ensure the effectiveness of legislation; educational work to promote the provisions of the legislation and the need of its compliance; prophylactic work to prevent the current legislation, legal rights and interests of the subjects of property rights; timely consideration of cases on violation of their rights, decision-making and their implementation.
ABOUT SCIENTIFIC AND NOT QUITE SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Shelukhin N
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the growth trend of scientific peer-reviewed journals in the world. It is noted that SCOPUS and Web of Science are world referral databases (without full texts) and the largest commercial projects in the field of intellectual property of Elsevier and Clarivate Analytics, which sell full texts of scientific articles. The Procedure for the formation of the list of scientific specialized publications in Ukraine is taken under consideration in details. It is concluded that the creation of unified requirements for publications in the field of law and in the field of natural and formal sciences is incorrect. The need to minimize the political influence of language policy on scientific publications is highlighted. The attention is drawn to the lack of a role of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine in the field of registration and publishing policy in relation to scientific specialized publications. The indexing of scientific publications in Ukraine, the popularity of Ukrainian legal journals in the global legal space is analyzed. In order to qualitatively improve the ratings of Ukrainian scientific peer-reviewed journals, proposals for adjusting the current regulatory legal acts are outlined.
THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTE OF DETECTORS IN THE MECHANISM OF ANTI-CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Kharaberiush Ivan , Samoilova Ljubov ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the special significance of the institution of whistleblowers, which is able to influence the detection of corruption violations and identify corruption risks, as well as promotes the implementation of specially authorized bodies to combat corruption. In particular, it is substantiated that the existence of the institution of whistleblowers helps to reduce corruption in real social relations, because one of the elements of the mechanism of effective fight against corruption is a sharp public attitude to such a negative phenomenon that will distort all spheres of public life. Thus, the provision of information to anti-corruption bodies about the manifestation of corruption by both government officials and individuals and / or legal entities, who are the first to commit illegal acts / omissions, will be one of the privileges of the state in this area. It is determined that it is necessary to take into account the positive experience of foreign countries on the legal regulation of the institution of whistleblowers. Therefore, in order to effectively fight corruption, the issue of guaranteeing Ukraine proper protection of life and health of the whistleblower and / or his relatives becomes relevant, which led to recommendations for such activities. In particular, the state should help to eliminate insecurity and fear of being convicted, because society's attitude to whistleblowers is more negative, and such an institution of exposure is young and nascent. It should be understood that the whistleblower is not a snitch, but an informant about the facts of corruption offenses known to him and provides such information to anti-corruption authorities. It is important to publicly inform the public about corruption violations and relevant violators, and a set of such measures should be aimed at different segments of society. In turn, a conscious society with an intolerance of corruption will help to overcome this negative phenomenon and minimize its manifestations.
PROBLEMS OF REFORM OF GOVERNMENTAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Topuzov Volodymyr
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the governmental decentralization in Ukraine; it studies association of territorial communities and increasing their own financial capabilities, as a result of decentralization. An analysis of the reform of local self-government at the basic level – the association of territorial communities is conducted. The article studies the theoretical principles of decentralization, systematizes its forms and tools, summarizing the conclusions of the leading scientists in this field. The author identifies the key advantages and disadvantages of decentralization in Ukraine along with revealing related threats. Based on the analysis, the concept of decentralization of power is defined, and it is proposed to conduct a list of actions for the proper functioning of local authorities. Modern research in the field of reforming public authorities and local self-government is analyzed. The historical aspect, which created the need for reform of local self-government, is considered. The experience of governmental reform in other countries and its impact on Ukraine is presented. Based on the analysis, the concept of decentralization of power is defined, it is proposed to conduct a list of actions for the proper functioning of local government. Considered acts adopted under the reform. As a result, the process of decentralization needs a careful complex approach by qualified persons and understanding of capabilities by the local communities. Importance of implementation of the reform of decentralization of power for development of Ukraine as democratic constitutional state is proved. The legislative framework for implementation of the reform of decentralization of power is analyzed. The necessity of carrying out constructive changes in the functioning of local government is substantiated. An approach to scientific capability analysis is proposed newly formed territorial communities can be used to develop systemic mechanism to ensure the formation of capable territorial communities and their further development, improving the implementation of reforms with decentralization in Ukraine. The components of the implementation of decentralization of power are given, namely, the development of political, legal, organizational and economic components.
THE PROBLEM OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY IN MEDIATION
Authors:   National Aviation University, Tokarieva Ksenija
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the analysis of the problem of normative regulation of the principle of confidentiality of mediation in Ukraine. The importance of confidentiality for the mediation process is recognized at the international level, in particular in the Directive №2008/52/ EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters in 2008. For a successful mediation procedure, it is important for the participants to be completely open and confident in the proper protection of information that becomes familiar during its implementation. Therefore, the legal regulation of the secrecy of mediation must be perfect, as it is a key factor in building public confidence in the new institution of peaceful dispute resolution. The author explores approaches to understanding of the concept of "confidentiality". The international regulation of the principle of confidentiality of mediation and foreign experience of its enshrinement in the regulations of countries such as Spain, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus are analyzed. It is established that the current domestic legislation and the draft law on mediation do not contain sufficient guarantees for the implementation and maintenance of the principle of confidentiality. It is concluded that there is a high level of threat of abuse in the field of mediation confidentiality. The author identifies the need for a reasonable restriction on non-disclosure of the secrecy of mediation under certain conditions and proposes the main directions of improving the regulatory framework for the principle of confidentiality of mediation. Among them there are: the definition of a clear list of exceptions to the principle of confidentiality, detailed regulation of the liability of participants in the procedure for violating the secrecy of mediation, improving the legal status of the mediator in terms of confidentiality and more.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE COSMETOLOGY SERVICES MARKET IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Sadovenko Artem
Published: January 2023

The author emphasizes that the inadequate level of cosmetology services is connected with the possibility of causing harm to human health and life. The article describes the current state of administrative and legal regulation of the cosmetology services market. The essence of the concepts of «legal regulation» and «administrative and legal regulation» has been studied. Systematization of normative legal acts of administrative and legal regulation of the cosmetology services market in Ukraine according to the levels of their legal force is carried out. Based on research that are focused on the disclosure of the content of the concept of «administrative and legal regulation», and taking into account the specifics of administrative and legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services, the latter is proposed to understand the normatively defined managerial influence of the state in the person of authorized bodies, aimed at streamlining the activities of providers and protecting the rights and interests of consumers of cosmetology services in order to ensure the safety of the functioning of their market by implementing administrative and legal means. The characteristic features of administrative and legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services are revealed, namely: the absence of a single object of legal regulation, related to various spheres of public relations, including healthcare; economic (entrepreneurial) activity; technical regulation and conformity assessment; the concentration of title provisions of administrative and legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services at the bylaw level, which indicates the "secondary" attitude of rule-making bodies to the regulation of public relations in this sphere; the current state of administrative and legal regulation does not correspond to the specifics of public relations in this sphere. The expediency of unifying the legal regulation of public relations that develop in the sphere of functioning of the cosmetology services market within a separate act at the level of law is justified.
Problems of international legal regulation of protection of labor rights of children and adolescents
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Andriiv Vasil
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of international legal acts regulating labor relations of children and adolescents, as well as the problems of their international legal protection. It has been proven that child labor is considered work that is harmful and dangerous for the child and is prohibited by international and national law. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the main categories of child labor: the performance of work by a child who has reached the minimum age in accordance with national legislation and the worst forms of child labor. It has been shown that, in accordance with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the basis of freedom, justice and universal peace is the recognition of the equal dignity of all members of the human family and of their equal and inalienable rights. Human rights are one of the basic and most precious human values that must be upheld and respected. The future of each person and humanity in general, potentially depends on the younger generation, so ensuring the rights of children and their legal protection, of course, is the main task of today, in which the whole world community should be interested. Proof of this is not only the recognition by the international community that the child, due to his physical and mental immaturity, needs special protection and care, appropriate legal protection, both before and after birth, but also the recognition of children as independent subjects. It is emphasized that the main reason for the use of child labor is not economic efficiency, but the fact that children are easier to manage. Children are not fully aware and are not ready to defend their rights, complain less and adapt more easily to the environment. Also, in case of certain problems, it is easier to sacrifice children. For most employers, children are a reserve of labor that can be hired and fired at will. And if the work of children is illegal, then neither parents nor the children themselves will complain about the fear of losing a job that brings, albeit insignificant, but earnings. It is concluded that despite the fact that the problem of child labor has been eradicated over the centuries, society's attitude to the problem of child labor and its negative consequences, wide awareness of children's rights and ways to protect them, significant reduction of poverty and unemployment, introduction of child labor monitoring and strict state control over compliance with the requirements of child labor legislation should help reduce the scale of child labor and ensure the right of every child to a full childhood. The causes of child labor, their consequences are determined, the priority directions of child labor eradication are indicated.
Professional characteristics of medical workers as participants of labor relations
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vakhonieva Tatiana
Published: January 2023

The article examines the qualification requirements for medical workers as subjects of labor law. Medical activities are distinguished from other types of activities in the field of healthcare, and the main features of a medical worker as a subject of labor relations are highlighted. It is shown that the priority direction of state policy in the field of Health Protection and the main task of each medical institution is to provide high-quality medical care (services), which primarily depends on providing the medical institution with qualified labor resources and necessary material and technical equipment. At the same time, proper organization of the labor process of medical workers, effective and productive legal mechanisms for ensuring the organization of medical care and medical services provided by medical institutions are the foundation for the functioning of the health care system both at the level of each individual region and at the state level as a whole. It is proved that the legal regulation of the organization of practical medical activities and the provision of medical care is carried out comprehensively by the norms of various branches of law (civil, commercial, administrative, labor, criminal, procedural, etc.). Of course, the determining role in the process of regulating medical activities is performed by the legal norms of special medical direction (appointment). However, the quality of medical services depends primarily on the qualifications of health workers, which determines their ability to perform their duties to provide medical care (services) on a professional basis. It is noted that the purpose of identifying medical workers among other health care workers is to determine their labor and legal status, qualification and educational level, job function, professional responsibilities, requirements for the quality of medical care and conditions for its provision and, accordingly, the grounds bringing to legal responsibility for violation of labor, civil, medical, administrative, criminal and other legislation. Professional qualification characteristics of various categories of medical workers are determined, their qualification and educational level and real ability to perform specific work within the framework of medical activities and medical care are analyzed.
Modern problems of international law and means of their solution
Authors:   «Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine»» Dubno Branch, Vyshkovska Valentina , Popov Anatoliy ,   Lutsk Institute of Human Development at the University of Ukraine
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on the aspects of lagging international law behind the needs of modern international relations. The authors critically assess the views of some scientists on the role of the United Nations, in particular the Security Council, in resolving international security crises and suggest significant changes in order to achieve their greater effectiveness and efficiency. According to the authors, the desired result can be achieved in two ways. The first of them is the introduction of new institutions in international law that would meet the modern needs of humanity; the second is the provision of new, qualitatively innovative functions to existing institutions. Among the new realities faced by international law is the active use by some states of such a set of political, economic, military and other measures, such as "hybrid warfare". The latter is used not only against Ukraine, but also against other countries of the world, in particular, against the countries of the European Union. Typical features of this shameful phenomenon are the destruction of unifying values, the use of traditional, non-traditional tactics and non-state (irregular) paramilitary groups, the organization of terrorist acts with the introduction of mass violence and coercion, as well as criminal riots. At the same time, the differences between regular and irregular divisions are blurred. Their actions are quickly and tactically directed and coordinated in order to achieve a synergistic effect in the physical and psychological dimensions of the conflict within the same theater of military operations. The latter observation, according to the authors, makes it necessary to overestimate the role of the state and the role of other, possibly potential subjects of international law. It is advisable to find criteria for responsibility for these actions and connection with the activities of a particular state. It is this formulation of the question that will allow effective actions in "hybrid" crimes without obstacles inherent in state sovereignty. We believe that it is time to continue discussing the prospects of participation in international legal regulation not only of individual individuals, but also of their totality (communities, formal and informal associations). An example to begin with is the "criminal liability" of legal entities.
Legal clinic as an innovative form for training of law students
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Topuzov Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the process of modernization of Ukrainian legal education, in which special attention is paid to the practical training of future lawyers; an important role in this process belongs to clinical training. The value of a legal clinic as an organizational structure and a special training program is determined. The integration of these values allows us to define the nature of the legal clinic as an innovative method of teaching law students. The essence of the method is to develop students' professional competencies by considering "real" cases and solving real problems. The paper describes the content and program of clinical legal education, presents an innovative (clinical) curriculum that includes general and special training courses, areas of activity of the legal clinic and rules of legal work of students under the guidance of teachers to ensure free legal provision of services for low-income citizens. The author describes in detail possible field trips to provide free legal assistance and legal awareness to the public (reception of citizens in the offices of state and municipal institutions, legal assistance to non-governmental organizations, thematic seminars, walks, visits to the regions of the Republic, etc.). The author analyzes the role of the legal clinic in higher education institutions and its significance for students, teachers and clients.