bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae
Authors: Mandel Jennifer R. , Dikow Rebecca B. , Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Thapa Ramhari , Watson Linda E. , Funk Vicki A.
Published: June 2019

The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at ∼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.
Rapid mixing and exchange of deep-ocean waters in an abyssal boundary current
Authors: Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Frajka-Williams Eleanor E. , Spingys Carl P. , Legg Sonya , Polzin Kurt L. , Forryan Alexander , Abrahamsen E. Povl , Buckingham Christian E. , Griffies Stephen M. , McPhail Stephen D. , Nicholls Keith W. , Thomas Leif N. , Meredith Michael P.
Published: June 2019

The overturning circulation of the global ocean is critically shaped by deep-ocean mixing, which transforms cold waters sinking at high latitudes into warmer, shallower waters. The effectiveness of mixing in driving this transformation is jointly set by two factors: the intensity of turbulence near topography and the rate at which well-mixed boundary waters are exchanged with the stratified ocean interior. Here, we use innovative observations of a major branch of the overturning circulation—an abyssal boundary current in the Southern Ocean—to identify a previously undocumented mixing mechanism, by which deep-ocean waters are efficiently laundered through intensified near-boundary turbulence and boundary–interior exchange. The linchpin of the mechanism is the generation of submesoscale dynamical instabilities by the flow of deep-ocean waters along a steep topographic boundary. As the conditions conducive to this mode of mixing are common to many abyssal boundary currents, our findings highlight an imperative for its representation in models of oceanic overturning.
Membrane perforation by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin
Authors: Vögele Martin , Bhaskara Ramachandra M. , Mulvihill Estefania , van Pee Katharina , Yildiz Özkan , Kühlbrandt Werner , Müller Daniel J. , Hummer Gerhard
Published: June 2019

Significance

Pneumolysin, a pore-forming toxin of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, assembles into rings on cholesterol-containing membranes of host cells.

β

-hairpins form a barrel-shaped transmembrane

β

-sheet that perforates the membrane, leading to cell lysis. In atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we resolve how pneumolysin docks to cholesterol-rich bilayers and how membrane pores form. Remarkably, pneumolysin rings are just wide enough that pores form even if lipid efflux is blocked, driven by spontaneous buckling of the lipid plug. In a survey of electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images, we identify key intermediates along both the lipid-efflux and plug-buckling pathways of pore opening.
Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers
Authors: Larsen Clark Spencer , Knüsel Christopher J. , Haddow Scott D. , Pilloud Marin A. , Milella Marco , Sadvari Joshua W. , Pearson Jessica , Ruff Christopher B. , Garofalo Evan M. , Bocaege Emmy , Betz Barbara J. , Dori Irene , Glencross Bonnie
Published: June 2019

Significance

Bioarchaeological investigation of human remains from Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey, contributes to a growing body of data documenting population dynamics, health, and lifestyle of early farmers in Holocene settings in the Near East and globally. The extensive archaeological context of foodways, material culture, housing, environment, ecology, population structure and size, social interaction, and community living informs interpretation of the bioarchaeological record representing nearly 1,200 continuous years of community life. This record presents biological outcomes and comprehensive understanding of the challenges associated with dependence on domesticated plants and animals, the labor involved in acquiring food and other resources, impacts of settled community life on health and well-being, and evolving lifeways to the present day.
Shaping the branched flow of light through disordered media
Authors: Brandstötter Andre , Girschik Adrian , Ambichl Philipp , Rotter Stefan
Published: June 2019

Significance

In the presence of a weakly fluctuating potential landscape, waves exhibit pronounced enhancements along so-called “branches.” The formation of these beautiful branches is a universal phenomenon occurring on vastly different length scales and for many types of waves, such as for tsunami waves traveling through the rough ocean sea bed or for light beams propagating through a soap film. Here, we show that wavefront shaping techniques can be used to control this phenomenon and to steer waves through the potential landscape along a single branch rather than along many of them in parallel (as has always been observed so far). Our numerical results show that this feat should be directly implementable with current-day technology.
Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology
Authors: Nayar Saba , Campos Joana , Smith Charlotte G. , Iannizzotto Valentina , Gardner David H. , Mourcin Frédéric , Roulois David , Turner Jason , Sylvestre Marvin , Asam Saba , Glaysher Bridget , Bowman Simon J. , Fearon Douglas T. , Filer Andrew , Tarte Karin , Luther Sanjiv A. , Fisher Benjamin A. , Buckley Christopher D. , Coles Mark C. , Barone Francesca
Published: June 2019

Significance

TLS, which are clusters of lymphocytes and stromal cells observed at sites of chronic inflammation, play a key role in sustaining disease progression in autoimmune conditions. While the role of lymphocytes in these structures has been studied extensively, the role of fibroblasts, nonhematopoietic stromal cells, in the formation and maintenance of TLS has not been demonstrated. Here, we establish that, at sites of TLS establishment, resident fibroblasts expand and acquire immunological features in a process that is dependent on IL13 and IL22. Interference with this process or depletion of immunofibroblasts leads to involution of TLS, resulting in decreased immune-cell activation and resolution of tissue pathology, thus supporting the use of fibroblast-targeting strategies to treat TLS-associated autoimmune diseases.
Are there transfer effects in the Arabic comparative?
Authors: Davis Stuart
Published: June 2019

A contentious issue in Arabic linguistics concerns whether Arabic morphology is root-based or stem-/word-based. In a root-based approach, derivation depends on the consonantal root, which is understood as constituting a morpheme. This contrasts with the stem-/word-based view where derivation is based on a stem/word that includes a vowel. The strongest evidence for the stem-/word-based approach comes from morphological processes like the plural and diminutive. Based on this, Ratcliffe (1998) makes the strong claim that all Arabic morphology is word-based. In this paper I argue that the Arabic templatic comparative is a root-based process since unlike the plural and diminutive it witnesses no transfer effects from a supposed base. I conclude that Arabic allows both word-based and root-based derivation.
Gemination in Rural Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Al-Deaibes Mutasim , Rosen Nicole
Published: June 2019

This study provides a detailed acoustic description of gemination in Rural Jordanian Arabic (RJA), measuring the duration of geminate and singleton consonants across the full range of consonants and positions in an understudied variety of Arabic: RJA, a Levantine dialect spoken by village dwellers in the northern part of Jordan. The results show that position plays a role in phonetic gemination, with medial geminates substantially longer than those in final position. Vowels adjacent to medial consonants were also measured, and when adjacent to a geminate consonant, short vowels are found to be shorter, and long vowels are found to be longer than when adjacent to a singleton consonant.
The syntax of negative coordination in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Alqassas Ahmad
Published: June 2019

Coordination constructions can either conjoin or disjoin phrases or clauses. Languages vary in the strategies employed to establish these logical relationships, creating distributional contrasts and co-occurrence restrictions on the coordination particles. This paper describes negative coordination and puts forward an analysis for this unexplored topic in Arabic. The paper argues that laa-wala coordination is a disjunction construction distinct from the construction involving two negative phrases/clauses coordinated by wa-. The analysis projects a Disjunction Phrase (DisjP) headed by wala and two DPs/CPs, CP1 for the first disjunct occupying the Spec,DisjP and CP2 for the second disjunct as a complement of DisjP. The analysis shows that wala is a disjunction operator with an uninterpretable negation feature (i.e., an NCI) licensed by a negative operator. With a postverbal DisjP, the negative operator is maa; elsewhere it is a covert negative operator that dominates DisjP. With coordinated DPs, the analysis shows that singular agreement on the verb involves clausal coordination and VP ellipsis in one disjunct.
Huwwa
Authors: Bakir Murtadha J.
Published: June 2019

This paper is an account of the function and interpretation of the pronominal huwwa found in a variety of clausal constructions in Iraqi Arabic. This element has received various analyses in studies on clause structure in a number of Arabic varieties. It has been considered an appositive pronominal, a copulative pronoun, a copula with pronominal features, and a Q operator. The distribution of this element in Iraqi Arabic is observed, not only in verbless equational sentences with focused elements, but also in one type of wh-questions and in yes/no questions. In all of these contexts, it is associated with a focus reading. This motivates analyzing it as an overt realization of a focus operator, with φ features valued in agreement with the focused element. As such, it should be located in the head position of the Focus Phrase, one of the functional projections constituting the discourse-functional layer of clausal architecture.
Syntactic parallels between verbal and nominal φ-morphology in Classical Arabic
Authors: Walkow Martin
Published: June 2019

Much recent work investigates the role of syntax in regulating the distribution of φ-morphology (person, number and gender) in the nominal and clausal domains. Two main ideas are that the syntactic structure that introduces φ-categories in the two domains shows some degree of parallelism and that syntactic processes of agreement and cliticization affect the realization of φ-morphology. Here, the most fine-grained analysis of Classical Arabic φ-morphology to date reveals two strong parallels between the φ-morphology of nouns and verbs: (i) the same morphs are used on both, and (ii) these morphs appear in the same order. The parallels break down in third person: There are third person morphs on pronouns, but not on verbs. While (i) and (ii) are explained by syntactic parallelism, the status of third person is illuminated by the alternation between suffixal and prefixal person-morphology in perfective vs imperfective aspect. First and second person morphs can appear as prefixes or suffixes because they are clitics that are undergoing movement. A comparison of person morphs in pronouns indicates that third person morphs are not clitics, explaining their absence on verbs. These little analyzed data in Classical Arabic reveal a diversity of morphosyntactic processes in what might informally be called agreement.
Incomplete phonetic neutralization
Authors: Hall Nancy
Published: June 2019

Arabic has played a central role in the development of phonological theory, with the challenge of describing its complex and interacting alternations spurring theoretical developments from the cycle to variants of Optimality Theory. The phonetic study of these alternations, however, has attracted less attention. This chapter gives an overview of one controversial topic in phonetic research, the incomplete phonetic neutralization of contrasts, in which evidence from Arabic has only recently begun to enter the decades-old debate. Some Arabic phonological alternations, such as Levantine vowel epenthesis, are shown to be incompletely neutralizing, while others, such as Levantine vowel shortening, appear to involve complete neutralization. I propose that patterns of phonetic neutralization are affected by the root-and-pattern morphology of Arabic and may shed light on lexical organization in such systems. Incomplete neutralization results when a form that has undergone a phonological change is still lexically linked to its original timing template. The fossilization of older phonological processes leads to lexical reorganization in the form of loss of such linkages.
Diminutive and augmentative formation in northern Najdi/Ḥā’ili Arabic
Authors: Alshammari Wafi , Davis Stuart
Published: June 2019

The main goal of this paper is to make known an unusual, if not unique, morphological augmentative found in one variety of northern Najdi (Saudi) Arabic, specifically the Ḥā’ili variety as mainly spoken by members of the Shammar tribe. A brief description of the pattern can be found in Assuwaida (1997). Our paper expands on his original work, illustrating more subpatterns of the augmentative. We conclude by briefly discussing whether the unique Ḥā’ili augmentative is an innovation or a truly archaic feature.
Destabilizing Arabic diglossia?
Authors: Alkhamees Abdulrahman , Elabdali Rasha , Walters Keith
Published: June 2019

This paper problematizes current understandings of Arabic diglossia by demonstrating the ways in which it is clearly being reconfigured thanks to the linguistic practices of younger users of the language in the New Media. Analysis of social media data from two undergraduate students, native users of Arabic, illustrates the ways in which such practices are translingual; that is, users do not limit themselves to a single language, language variety, or script, but rather employ multiple resources, including nonlinguistic ones, that they assume will be understood by their addressee(s). These literate practices represent a clear break with traditional academic and lay understandings of diglossia, particularly with regard to the user-based conventionalization of writing dialectal Arabic.
Generic expressions in Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Khalfaoui Amel
Published: June 2019

Previous analyses of generic expressions in Arabic have focused on definite singular and plural DPs headed with the definite article al- (Fehri, 2004; Al-Malki et al., 2014). This study introduces an additional type of generic reference expressed with the Tunisian Arabic (TA) demonstrative hāk. Based on an analysis of naturally occurring discourse, this study shows that the felicity of this generic demonstrative is subject to a number of constraints. First, the generic demonstrative hāk always occurs with a plural count or singular non-count noun and a restrictive modifier in order to denote a familiar (i.e., in memory) kind set. Second, the evoked kind set must be a relatively subordinate and atypical (i.e., less central) kind set in accordance with Rosch (1978) and Lakoff’s (1987) principles of categorization.
Syntactic nominalizations in Pima Bajo
Authors: Estrada-Fernández Zarina
Published: June 2019

Pima Bajo is a Uto-Aztecan language from northwestern Mexico, traditionally spoken in the central part of the states of Chihuahua and Sonora. It is the most endangered language in the Uto-Aztecan family, a situation partially responsible for the loss of some remarkable features observed in complex clauses, in particular, syntactic nominalizations. This paper focuses on syntactic nominalization constructions in Pima Bajo involving three nominalizing suffixes, -dam, -kɨg, and -ka. These nominalization strategies are consonant with Comrie (2011) and Malchukov (2004), especially in that they have a mixed status, combining nominal as well as verbal properties. Additionally, these constructions should not be considered discrete, but gradual along a continuum. Moreover, the relevant properties that are observed within the different types of nominalizations mixed or not, follow a hierarchical organization, since not all of them are relevant within the different instantiations of this kind of constructions.
Presidential Address, PSA 2016: An Epistemology of Scientific Practice
Authors: Waters C. Kenneth
Published: June 2019

Philosophers’ traditional emphasis on theories, theoretical modeling, and explanation misguides research in philosophy of science. Articulating and applying core theories is part of scientific practice, but it is not the essence of scientific practice. Insofar as science has an essence, it is to systematically investigate and learn about what is not yet understood. This lecture analyzes genetics to articulate a broad-practice-centered approach to philosophy of science. It concludes by arguing that this approach can lead to richer, deeper, and more useful philosophies of science, philosophies that can better inform science policy and the public’s understanding of science.
Phase Transitions: A Challenge for Intertheoretic Reduction?
Authors: Palacios Patricia
Published: June 2019

I analyze the extent to which classical phase transitions, both first order and continuous, pose a challenge for intertheoretic reduction. My contention is that phase transitions are compatible with a notion of reduction that combines Nagelian reduction and what Thomas Nickles called Reduction2. I also argue that, even if the same approach to reduction applies to both types of phase transitions, there is a crucial difference in their physical treatment: in addition to the thermodynamic limit, in continuous phase transitions there is a second infinite limit involved, which marks an important difference in the reduction of first-order and continuous phase transitions.
A New Functional Approach to Scientific Progress
Authors: Shan Yafeng
Published: June 2019

This article develops and defends a new functional approach to scientific progress. I begin with a review of the problems of the traditional functional approach. Then I propose a new functional account of scientific progress, in which scientific progress is defined in terms of usefulness of problem defining and problem solving. I illustrate and defend my account by applying it to the history of genetics. Finally, I highlight the advantages of my new functional approach over the epistemic and semantic approaches and dismiss some potential objections to my approach.
On Wolfgang Spohn’s Laws of Belief
Authors: Woodward James
Published: June 2019

This is one of a pair of discussion notes comparing some features of the account of causation in Wolfgang Spohn’s Laws of Belief with the “interventionist” account in James Woodward’s Making Things Happen. Despite striking similarities there are also important differences. These include (i) the “epistemic” orientation of Spohn’s account as opposed to the worldly or “ontic” orientation of the interventionist account, (ii) Spohn’s focus on token-level causal claims in contrast to the primary interventionist focus on type-level claims, (iii) the role of temporal information in accounting for causal asymmetry, and (iv) the extent to which causal claims are “frame relative.”
On Boltzmann versus Gibbs and the Equilibrium in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Lazarovici Dustin
Published: June 2019

Charlotte Werndl and Roman Frigg discuss the relationship between the Boltzmannian and Gibbsian framework of statistical mechanics, addressing, in particular, the question when equilibrium values calculated in both frameworks agree. This note points out conceptual confusions that could arise from their discussion, concerning, in particular, the authors’ use of “Boltzmann equilibrium.” It also clarifies the status of the Khinchin condition for the equivalence of Boltzmannian and Gibbsian equilibrium predictions and shows that it follows, under the assumptions proposed by Werndl and Frigg, from standard arguments in probability theory.
In-field performance and flux pinning mechanism of pulsed laser deposition grown BaSnO3/GdBa2Cu3O7–δ nanocomposite coated conductors by SuperOx
Authors: Lao M , Willa R , Meledin A , Rijckaert H , Chepikov V , Lee S , Petrykin V , Van Driessche I , Molodyk A , Holzapfel B , Hänisch J
Published: June 2019

We investigate the field, angle and temperature dependence of the full-width critical current, I
c, of pulsed laser deposition-grown GdBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors with and without additional 6 mol% BaSnO3 (BSO) nanoparticles fabricated by SuperOx. The transport characteristics measured from 7 to 77 K and in applied magnetic fields of up to 6 T are complemented by scanning transmission electron microscopy. This combined approach allows for further insight into the vortex pinning mechanism and helps with understanding the enhancement in I
c. An exemplary scaling of the pinning force curves versus field at different temperatures confirms the additional contribution to pinning by the BSO nanoparticles. Through the temperature dependence of I
c, the weak and strong pinning contributions are determined: strong pinning dominates over almost the entire temperature range especially near the matching field of 1 T, where the largest enhancement in I
c is achieved.
Complexity analysis of sustainable peace: mathematical models and data science measurements
Authors: Liebovitch L S , Coleman P T , Bechhofer A , Colon C , Donahue J , Eisenbach C , Guzmán-Vargas L , Jacobs D , Khan A , Li C , Maksumov D , Mucia J , Persaud M , Salimi M , Schweiger L , Wang Q
Published: June 2019

Peace is not merely the absence of war and violence, rather ‘positive peace’ is the political, economic, and social systems that generate and sustain peaceful societies. Our international and multidisciplinary group is using physics inspired complex systems analysis methods to understand the factors and their interactions that together support and maintain peace. We developed causal loop diagrams and from them ordinary differential equation models of the system needed for sustainable peace. We then used that mathematical model to determine the attractors in the system, the dynamics of the approach to those attractors, and the factors and connections that play the most important role in determining the final state of the system. We used data science (‘big data’) methods to measure quantitative values of the peace factors from structured and unstructured (social media) data. We also developed a graphical user interface for the mathematical model so that social scientists or policy makers, can by themselves, explore the effects of changing the variables and parameters in these systems. These results demonstrate that complex systems analysis methods, previously developed and applied to physical and biological systems, can also be productively applied to analyze social systems such as those needed for sustainable peace.
New physics search in the doubly weak decay

*
Authors: Bhutta Faisal Munir , Li Ying , Lü Cai-Dian , Xie Yue-Hong
Published: June 2019

The doubly weak transition

is highly suppressed in the Standard Model, which makes it a potential channel for exploring new physics signals. We present a study of the exclusive two-body wrong sign weak decay

, which belongs to this class, in the perturbative QCD framework. We perform a model independent analysis for various effective dimension-6 operators for which large effects are possible. We further analyze the considered process in the Randall-Sundrum model, including the custodially protected and the bulk-Higgs Randall-Sundrum models. Exploring the experimentally favored parameter space of these models leads to a large and significant enhancement of the decay rate compared to the Standard Model, which might be accessible in future experiments. We propose to search for the wrong sign decay

via flavor-tagged time-dependent analyses, which can be performed at LHCb and Belle-II.
S-wave contributions to

in the perturbative QCD framework *
Authors: Xing Ye , Xing Zhi-Peng
Published: June 2019

is induced by the

/

transitions, which can interfere if a CP-eigenstate

is formed. The interference contribution is sensitive to the CKM angle

. In this work, we study the S-wave

contributions to the process in the perturbative QCD factorization. In the factorization framework, we adopt two-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes, whose normalization is parametrized by the S-wave time-like two-pion form factor with resonance contributions from

,

. We find that the branching ratio of

is of the order of

, and that significant interference exists in

. Future measurement could not only provide useful constraints on the CKM angle

, but would also be helpful for exploring the multi-body decay mechanism of heavy mesons.
Cross-section prediction for isotopes near neutron drip line in 70, 80Zn projectile fragmentation reactions *
Authors: Wei Hui-Ling , Song Yi-Dan , Ma Chun-Wang , Li Zhi-Hong , Su Jun
Published: June 2019

The cross sections for 59, 60Ca, recently measured in the 345 A MeV

reaction, were estimated using the FRACS parametrization and an empirical formula, which are in good agreement. The FRACS parametrization and the empirical formula are combined to predict the cross sections for extreme calcium isotopes

in the

reactions at the incident energies of 60, 80, and 345 A MeV. The dependence of emperical formula parameters on the reaction system, as well as the incident energy, are discussed. The results indicate that

can be discovered in reactions of 60, 80 A MeV

. The predicted binding energy for extreme neutron-rich isotopes by the spherical relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory was adopted in the calculation. Hence, the planned Beijing Isotope-Separation-On Line Neutron-Rich Beam Facility (BISOL), which is a third generation radioactive ion beam facility, could provide the opportunity to discover

and neighboring neutron-drip line nuclei.
Mass predictions of the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov model with radial basis function approach *
Authors: Shi Min , Niu Zhong-Ming , Liang Hao-Zhao
Published: June 2019

The radial basis function (RBF) approach is a powerful tool to improve nuclear mass predictions. By combining the RBF approach with the latest relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) model, the local systematic deviations between the RCHB mass predictions and the experimental data are eliminated, and the root-mean-square (rms) mass deviation is significantly reduced from 7.923 MeV to 0.386 MeV. However, systematic deviations between the RBF improved mass predictions and the experimental data remain for nuclei with four different odd-even parities, i.e. (evenZ, evenN), (evenZ, oddN), (oddZ, evenN), and (oddZ, oddN). They can be reduced by separately training RBF for the four groups of nuclei, and the resulting rms deviation decreases to 0.229 MeV. It is found that the RBF approach can describe the deformation effects neglected in the present RCHB mass calculations, and also improves the description of the shell effect and the pairing effect.
A close look at the competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei *
Authors: Pan Feng , Zhou Dan , Yang Siyu , Sargsyan Grigor , He Yingwen , Launey Kristina D. , Draayer Jerry P.
Published: June 2019

The competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei is analyzed in the framework of the mean-field plus the dynamic quadurpole-quadurpole, pairing and particle-hole interactions, whose Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the basis

in the L = 0 configuration subspace. Besides the pairing interaction, it is observed that the quadurpole-quadurpole and particle-hole interactions also play a significant role in determining the relative positions of low-lying excited 0+ and 1+ levels and their energy gaps, which can result in the ground state first-order quantum phase transition from J = 0 to J = 1. The strengths of the isovector and isoscalar pairing interactions in these even-even nuclei are estimated with respect to the energy gap and the total contribution to the binding energy. Most importantly, it is shown that although the mechanism of the particle-hole contribution to the binding energy is different, it is indirectly related to the Wigner term in the binding energy.
Non-parametric reconstruction of dark energy and cosmic expansion from the Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae *
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Li Xin , Tang Li
Published: June 2019

The equation of state (EoS) of dark energy plays an important role in the evolution of the universe and has attracted considerable interest in the recent years. With the progress in observational technique, a precise constraint on the EoS of dark energy can be obtained. In this study, we reconstruct the EoS of dark energy and cosmic expansion using Gaussian processes (GP) from the most up-to-date Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), which consists of 1048 finely calibrated SNe Ia. The reconstructed EoS of dark energy has a large uncertainty owing to its dependence on the second-order derivative of the construction. Adding the direct measurements of Hubble parameters

as an additional constraint on the first-order derivative can partially reduce the uncertainty; however, it is still not sufficiently precise to distinguish between the evolving and the constant dark energy. Moreover, the results heavily rely on the prior of the Hubble constant

. The

value inferred from SNe+

without prior is

. Moreover, the matter density

has a non-negligible effect on the reconstruction of dark energy. Therefore, more accurate determinations on

and

are required to tightly constrain the EoS of dark energy.
Validation of the fisheye camera method for spatial non-uniformity corrections in luminous flux measurements with integrating spheres
Authors: Kokka Alexander , Pulli Tomi , Ferrero Alejandro , Dekker Paul , Thorseth Anders , Kliment Petr , Klej Adam , Gerloff Thorsten , Ludwig Klaus , Poikonen Tuomas , Ikonen Erkki
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the fisheye camera method is validated for spatial non-uniformity corrections in luminous flux measurements with integrating spheres. The method was tested in eight integrating spheres with six LED lamps, and the determined angular intensity distributions and spatial non-uniformity correction factors were compared with the results of five goniophotometers. The average closeness score, describing the similarity between any two distributions, was 94.6 out of 100 for the distributions obtained using the fisheye camera method when compared with the goniophotometric results. The average closeness score for the five goniophotometers, when each goniophotometer was compared with the other four, was

. On average, the relative deviation between the two methods was 0.05% when calculating the spatial corrections. The most significant sources of uncertainty for the fisheye camera method were large, view-obstructing sphere elements residing close to the camera port.
Asymmetrical uncertainties
Authors: Possolo Antonio , Merkatas Christos , Bodnar Olha
Published: June 2019

In several disciplines, measurement results occasionally are expressed using coverage intervals that are asymmetric relative to the measured value. The conventional treatment of such results, when there is the need to propagate their uncertainties to derivative quantities, is to replace the asymmetric uncertainties by ‘symmetrized’ versions thereof. We show that such simplification is unnecessary, illustrate how asymmetry may be modeled and recognized explicitly, and propagated using standard Monte Carlo methods. We present three distributions (Fechner, skew-normal, and generalized extreme value), among many available alternatives, that can be used as models for asymmetric uncertainties associated with scalar input quantities, in the context of the measurement model considered in the GUM. We provide an example where such uncertainties are propagated to the uncertainty of a ratio of mass fractions. We also show how a similar, model-based approach can be used in the context of data reductions from interlaboratory studies and other consensus building exercises where the reported uncertainties are expressed asymmetrically, illustrating the approach to obtain consensus estimates of the absorption cross-section of ozone, and of the distance to galaxy M83 in the Virgo cluster.
SoGAT—25 years of improving the measurement of nucleic acids in infectious disease diagnostics (a review)
Authors: Morris Clare , Govind Sheila , Fryer Jacqueline , Almond Neil
Published: June 2019

The meeting forum called Standardisation of Genome Amplification Technologies (SoGAT) was established 25 years ago, with the purpose of improving the quality of infectious disease diagnostic data generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related techniques. This meeting has provided an expert forum to identify and prioritise the needs of the diagnostic community for reference materials established by the World Health Organisation Expert Committee for Biological Standardisation. Reference materials for 30 different infectious agents have been established and are available upon request. The improvement in the measurement of specific nucleic acid sequences of pathogens arising from the availability of their cognate standard and the challenges going forward in this field are discussed.
Rapid identification of impurity in the material surface using mesh-assisted laser-induced plasma technique utilizing pulse CO2 laser
Authors: Khumaeni A , Budi W S
Published: June 2019

Impurity analysis in the material surface urgently required in various fields such as material sciences and industries. In this research, a new technique was devised based on a pulse CO2 laser. Technically, the surface of the almite material as a material target was covered by a metal mesh. To induce a big-size plasma, the pulse CO2 laser was directed to the metal mesh at an inclining degree of 30° by a ZnSe lens. Using this present technique, some impurities including potassium and calcium in the surface of the almite sample can be detected with the limit of detection of 10 and 5 mg/kg, respectively.
Fabrication and tensile properties of bamboo micro-fibrils (BMF)/poly-lactic acid (PLA) green composite
Authors: Puspita D , Musyarofah L , Hidayah E , Sujito
Published: June 2019

In this research has been focused on the fabrication of green composites (GC) from emultion-type poly-lactic acid (PLA) biodegradable resin with bamboo micro-fibrils (BMF) reinforcement. BMF were extracted by combination methods: chemical solution and mechanical treatment. The chemical solution: alkalization of 5% (weight/volume) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 72 hours and bleaching of 2,8% volume natrium hypoclorit (NaClO) for 12 hours. And for mechanical treatment: high speed-blender for up to 30 minute along with the alkalization process. The chemical structure of the resulting cellulose BMF was studied by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The alkalization and bleaching treatment were affected by the BMF cellulose content. Fabrication of green composites with BFC loading from 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of mass were prepared using hot-press molding at constant temperature of 170°C, pressure of 10 MPa and time molding of 10 minutes. Tensile strength and elastic modulus was investigated using computerized Universal Testing Mechines HT-2402 with crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. The measurement finding showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus were affected by the BMF content. The results obtained emphasize the application of bamboo micro-fibrils composites (BMC), as a potential materials in biodegradable based or green composites (GC).
Effect of pressure of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for zinc element identification in multivitamin
Authors: Achmad S N , Wardaya As Y , Khumaeni A
Published: June 2019

Identification of zinc elements in 99.9% pure zinc metal and zinc multivitamin tablet samples has been done using Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) method. Plasma is generating by laser firing Nd: YAG (1064 nm, 50 mJ, 7 ns). Optimization of laser plasma was performed by varying environmental air pressure and on the spectrum of zinc. The character of samples is displayed in the spectrum line. Spectrum line of 99.9% pure zinc metal shows neutral zinc (Zn I) emission at wavelengths of 280.08, 330.25, 334.50, 472.21, 481.05 and 636.23 nm, and ionic zinc (Zn II) emission of 99.9% pure zinc metal at wavelengths of 250.19 and 255.79 nm. Zinc multivitamin tablet spectrum line shows Zn I emission at the wavelengths as same as 99.9% pure zinc metal of 334.50 and 481.05 nm, which is the intensities of Zn I at a wavelength of 334.50 and 481.05 nm in zinc multivitamin tablet is much higher than in the 99.9% pure zinc metal. The higher the given environmental air pressure, the higher the intensity of the zinc emission spectrum accompanied by high background emission intensity.
Reducing coal consumption by people empowerment using local waste processing unit
Authors: Legino S , Hidayawanti R , Putra I S , Pribadi A
Published: June 2019

Until the next following decades, energy mixed in Indonesia will be dominated by coal. Many studies assert that biomass can be used as coal substitution but it is not the case in the real world because the cost of biomass is still higher than the coal price. This study proposes the cheaper way of making biomass by using special method of local waste processing unit that has a patented name, TOSS. This kind of biomass, which was invented by STT PLN Jakarta, school of technology, is more economical than other biomass because waste as raw materials is much cheaper than other commonly used biomass like wooden forestry or agroplantations. Many cities in the world are solving their municipal waste problem by using large scale and high tech approach, which process is conducted in the landfill area. TOSS is using small scale and simple technology that can convert waste to become pellet by local people in its source. The pilot project at Klungkung showed that the pellet of TOSS can be used not only for cooking but also for diesel fuel substitution. This study will use that finding to show that TOSS pellet can also reduce coal consumption by mixing it with normal coal. The simulation is conducted by calculating the equivalent energy and capacity of waste energy from TOSS in term of coal equivalent under the context of Indonesia.
Contribution of electro-optics effect on canola oil as a new alternative method for determination of oil quality using transmission and fluorescence polarization
Authors: Afiefah I , Azam M , Sugito H , Firdausi K S
Published: June 2019

In this paper we studied contribution of electro-optics effect for evaluation of canola oil quality using transmission and fluorescence polarization. The samples were two different quality of canola oils, i.e. edible canola and expired canola based on the date of expiration at the time of measurement. The physical variable of polarization angle was measured using a pair of polarizers from a 532 nm of green pointer laser. The electro-optics effect was produced by applying high DC voltage 0-9 kV on samples. The result shows that the change of polarization angle of expired oil is greater than the good one for both transmission and fluorescence. The increasing polarization angle is accompanied by increasing saturated FAs and decreasing polyunsaturated FAs simultaneously, in agreement with our previous reports.The fluorescence polarization is dependent on the polarizer’s angle of incoming light and has average angle greater than transmission light. The electro-optic fluorescence is twice as electro-optics transmission due to possibly coupling between pure scattering and fluorescence together, in which large size of TG molecules play an important role into the light scattering and fluorescence perpendicular to the incoming light.This fluorescence light method provides more accurate measurement that transmission light and seems powerful comparison to the other spectroscopy methods.
Evaluation of dose radiation on x-ray radiography
Authors: Arifin Z , Hidayanto E , Rahayuningsih B , Putri A A
Published: June 2019

Evaluated radiation dose and output of general radiographic machine on the thorax and abdomen examination. Radiation output testing on 53 radiographic machine produced 1985-2017 in East Java, Indonesia. For thorax examination, 45-89 kV, 100-200 mA, exposure time 0.01-100 s and abdominal examination, 50-89 kV, 18-320 mA, exposure time is 0.02-100 s. Tests are carried out with the Piranha X-Ray Multimeter. There are reportedly 3 of 53 radiographic machine in the thorax examination as follows: the incident air kerma (INAK), tube output, and entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) rates ranged between 0.019 - 1.604 mGy, 0.0004 - 0.0057 mGy/mAs, and 0.024 - 2.101 mGy. While on abdominal examination, the INAK, tube output, and ESAK rates ranged between 0.009 - 2.710 mGy, 0.014 - 0.072 mGy/mAs, and 0.013 - 3.660 mGy., From data with various brands, general radiographic machine in East Java, for Thorax and Abdomen examination INAK values are below 1,604 mGy, 2,710 mGy, values are below 0.0057 mGy / mAs, 0.072 mGy / mAs, and ESAK values are below 2,101 mGy, 2,710 mGy and still within the limits permitted by the BAPETEN regulation in Indonesia.
Nutrition Assessment of “Kamir” – typical food of Pemalang, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saraswati L D , Arifan F , Muhammad F , Yuliana RAD , Nissa C
Published: June 2019

Kamir is one of the special foods in Pemalang which has round shapes, flat, and brown with a variety of jam taste. Kamir is made from flour dough, butter, egg, sugar,“ambon” banana and fermented cassava called tape. Until now, since there has been no research on kamir, we were interested in analyzing nutrition content (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat) found in kamir. We also performed microbiological tests, glycemic index, and rancidity. Carbohydrate content was tested by Luff Schrol method of sugar hydrolysis, a test of protein content used Kjehdahl micro method and fat content test used Soxhletasi fat method. As for bacteria test using Total Plate Count Method (ALT) and with Plate Count Agar media, a glycemic index with Finger-prick capillary blood samples method and for rancidity test by Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Laboratory test results showed that the content of protein, fat, carbohydrate sequentially were 11%, 9.8%, and 28.17%. As for the bacteria test obtained results of 121.06 × 104 CFU/ml. Kamir is safe for consumption following the standards established based on BPOM No. 16 of 2016 standard that is within the standard range of 5 × 104 - 5 × 107 CFU/ml. It is recommended to promote kamir, typical food from Pemalang, to be national food.
Identification of Phenolic acid from ethanol extract leaves binahong (Anredera cordifolia (ten) stennis) and antioxidant activity test
Authors: Fachriyah E , Ayu T , Kusrini D
Published: June 2019

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis) is a plant which comes from Basellaceae family. Also, this plant is also known to have biological activity due to the presence of the bioactive compound. Phenolic acids are bioactive compound and widely used as antioxidants. Identification and testing of antioxidant activity using ethanol extract have been done in this research. Phenolic acids were isolated without hydrolysis (TH fraction), and by acid hydrolysis (fraction HA), and alkaline hydrolysis (HB fraction). Based on the identification using TLC with co-chromatography, UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer, the ethanolic extract of binahong leaves was allegedly suspected contain p-coumaric acid. Based on the results of quantitative analysis using TLC Scanner, it can be seen that the p-coumaric acid content in fractions TH, HA, and HB, 11.4220%; 2.8642%; and 23.3563%, respectively. The result of the antioxidant activity test on ethanol extract was 866.89831 mg / L, while (IC50) value on isolate B was 1263.3333 mg / L.
Ab Initio Computational Study of electronic structure of -O-C Bonding Formation on Chitosan Polymer-Part 1: Effects of NaOH
Authors: Yuliani Shella V , Salimah S N M , Hudiyanti Dwi , Laksitorini Marlyn Dian , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: June 2019

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is a biopolymer that has water-soluble properties, high viscosity, biocompatibility, biodegradable, and low toxicity. CMC can be made by direct alkylation using monocloroacetic acid to produce chitosan derivatives under certain reaction conditions with NaOH as a catalyst. This research aims to explain one the reaction mechanism of bonding formation of O-C and to compare with the effect of the presence of NaOH as a catalyst. The reaction mechanism of O-CMC formation studied by the computational method. Chitosan polymer is very complex, so the molecule model used for calculation is chitosan dimer segment. The stable molecular structure of chitosan dimer which is involved in the reaction mechanism was optimized using ab initio computational method based on Hartree Fork theory and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Mechanism of O-CMC synthesis reaction was modeled into SN
2 reaction (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) which results in PO-CMC-2. The study showed that the -O-C bonding formation by SN
2 model and NaOH as a catalyst was more preferred with an activation energy of 323,321 kJ⋅mol−1 than without NaOH as a catalyst with an activation energy of 533,22 kJ⋅mol−1. The mechanism of the synthesis reaction of O-CMC is an exothermic reaction and spontaneously.
Local stability analysis of an influenza virus transmission model case study: tondano health center in pekalongan city
Authors: Rosyada F S , Widowati  , Hariyanto S
Published: June 2019

Influenza Virus is an infectious disease caused by the Orthomyxoviridae virus. This paper discussed mathematical modeling that explains the model of the influenza virus transmission with SEIR model, where S is susceptible, E is exposed, I is infected, and R is recovered. Basic reproduction numbers (R
0) are used to analyze the stability of the model. When R
0 less than 1 the virus free equilibrium is stable asymptotically local, while when R
0 greater than 1 the endemic equilibrium is stable asymptotically local. From the numerical simulation results based on data from Pekalongan, Indonesia, it’s found that reproduction number is equal to 0,03492209390.This indicates that the virus free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and the endemic equilibrium is not locally asymptotically stable, so that there is no virus transmission in Pekalongan.