bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intersectoral network‐based channel of aggregate TFP shocks
Authors: Barauskaite Kristina , Nguyen Anh D. M.
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the role of intersectoral networks in the transmission of aggregate technology shocks to sectors' growth. First, we develop a theoretical model to obtain insights into the propagation of shocks through input–output linkages, which suggests that the network effect arises via sectoral downstream linkages. We then quantitatively assess this theoretical implication with United States manufacturing industries, where the aggregate technology shocks are derived from a dynamic factor model. We find that aggregate technology shocks lead to an increase in the output growth of the sector, both directly and indirectly via its intersectoral linkages. More interestingly, we document a crucial role of the intersectoral network channel, which contributes about 50% of the total effect. In addition, the network‐based effect comes mostly from downstream linkages of sectors, which is broadly consistent with theory.
Does petroleum tax revenue drive sales tax effort of Indian states? A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Mohanty Avipsa , Sethi Dinabandhu , Mohanty Asit Ranjan
Published: August 2020

This article evaluates the sales tax effort for tax revenues of 18 Indian states from 2011–12 to 2016–17, exclusive and inclusive of petroleum tax revenues, using stochastic frontier analysis. From empirical analysis, it is observed that sales tax revenue is significantly influenced by higher non‐agriculture GSDP, greater supply of bank credit and higher urbanization. The calculation of Sales tax effort is found to be overstated when petroleum tax revenue is included in sales tax. States' sales tax effort tends to become lower when the influence of petroleum tax revenue is factored out. It is found that Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala and Haryana are the top five states with greater sales tax effort, inclusive of petroleum tax revenue, during the said period. The West Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar, Goa and Madhya Pradesh are the bottom five states. Further, it is observed that only half of the states in India have shown improvement in their tax effort between 2011–12 and 2016–17, indicating no uniform improvement across the states. From the robustness analysis, a regression model exhibit similar results. Therefore, it can be suggested that assessment of the sales tax effort of Indian states should be made after having excluded the petroleum tax revenues from sales tax.
Insights into the role of adipose‐derived stem cells: Wound healing and clinical regenerative potential
Authors: Zou Ming‐Li , Liu Si‐Yu , Sun Zi‐Li , Wu Jun‐Jie , Yuan Zheng‐Dong , Teng Ying‐Ying , Feng Yi , Yuan Feng‐Lai
Published: August 2020

The incidence of acute and chronic wound diseases is rising due to various reasons. With complicated pathogenesis, long course, difficult treatment and high disability, wound diseases have become a major burden for patients, their families, and society. Therefore, the focus of research is to identify new ideas and methods for treatment. Fat grafting has gained increased attention because of its effectiveness in wound treatment, and further analysis has uncovered that the stem cells derived from fat may be the main factor affecting wound healing. We summarize the function of adipose stem cells and analyze their possible mechanisms in tissue repair, helping to provide new ideas for the treatment of wound healing.
An Adaptive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic–Driven Design to Investigate the Effect of Itraconazole and Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Molibresib (GSK525762) in Healthy Female Volunteers
Authors: Riddell Kylie , Patel Aarti , Collins Gary , Zhou Yanyan , Schramek Dan , Kremer Brandon E. , Ferron‐Brady Geraldine
Published: August 2020

Molibresib (GSK525762), an orally bioavailable small molecule with 2 major equipotent active metabolites, is being developed for the treatment of cancers. Molibresib is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). To enable administering safe doses of molibresib to healthy volunteers, this 2‐part randomized, open‐label, crossover drug‐drug interaction trial was conducted as an adaptive design study using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation to predict the lowest doses of molibresib that could be safely administered alone (10 mg) or with itraconazole and rifampicin (strong inhibitors and inducers of CYP3A and P‐gp, respectively). PBPK simulation guided the molibresib dose (5 mg) to be administered along with itraconazole in part 1. Itraconazole increased total exposure (AUC) of molibresib by 4.15‐fold with a 66% increase in Cmax, whereas the total AUC and Cmax for the 2 major active metabolites of molibresib decreased by about 70% and 87%, respectively. A second PBPK simulation was conducted with part 1 data to also include the active metabolites to update the recommendation for the molibresib dose (20 mg) with rifampicin. With rifampicin, the AUC and Cmax of molibresib decreased by approximately 91% and 80%, respectively, whereas the AUC of the 2 active metabolites decreased to a lesser extent (8%), with a 2‐fold increase in Cmax. The results of this study confirmed the in vitro data that molibresib is a substrate for CYP3A4. The adaptive design, including Simcyp simulations, allowed evaluation of 2 drug interactions of an oncology drug in a single trial, thus minimizing time and exposures administered to healthy subjects.
The first report of deep eutectic solvent (DES) nano‐photocatalyst (n‐TiO2‐P25@TDI@DES (urea: ZnCl2)) and its application on selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes
Authors: Taghavi Shaghayegh , Amoozadeh Ali , Nemati Firouzeh
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are prepared by mixing solid organic precursors to form a liquid driven from strong hydrogen‐bond interactions. The physical and chemical properties of these compounds have been widely investigated, and it has been shown that they are benign media for biotransformations, organicsynthesis, biodieselpreparation, and a sustainable media for nanoscale and functional materials.

RESULTS

This study is the first report on the synthesis of n‐TiO2‐P25@TDI@DES (urea: ZnCl2) with photo catalytic activity. This nano photocatalyst was obtained through covalent grafting of TiO2‐P25 nanoparticles to an inexpensive and highly reactive linker (2,4‐toluene diisocyanate). The presented nano photocatalyst has been employed as a covalently grafted Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvent to oxidize various primary benzyl alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds by sodium nitrate as oxidant, under visible light exposure.

CONCLUSION

This highly efficient nanocatalyst was investigated by various characterization techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM with EDX), and elemental analysis. Owing to its enhanced catalytic activity, thermal stability, and environmentally friendly nature, the present method can be regarded as an attractive green chemistry approach. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Stimulus control depends on the subjective value of the outcome
Authors: Cowie Sarah , Gomes‐Ng Stephanie , Hopkinson Brooke , Bai John Y.H. , Landon Jason
Published: August 2020

Stimuli that provide information about likely future reinforcers tend to shift behavior, provided a reliable relation between the stimulus and the reinforcer can be discriminated. Stimuli that are apparently more reliable exert greater control over behavior. We asked how the subjective value (measured in terms of preference) of reinforcers associated with stimuli influences stimulus control. Five pigeons worked on a concurrent chains procedure in which half of all trials ended in a smaller reinforcer sooner, and the other half in a larger reinforcer later. In Signaled trials, the color and flash duration on the keys in the initial link signaled the outcome of the trial. In Conflicting probe trials, the color and the flash duration signaled conflicting information about the outcome of the trial. Choice in Signaled trials shifted toward the signaled outcome, but was never exclusive. In Conflicting probe trials, control was divided idiosyncratically between the 2 stimulus dimensions, but still favored the outcome with the higher subjective value. Thus, stimulus control depends not only on the perceived reliability of stimuli, but also on the subjective value of the outcome.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Quantitative Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Grades and Graft
Authors: Liu Shuyi , Liu Jing , Chen Weicui , Zhang Lu , Wu Shanshan , Wang Fei , Pan Jianke , Luo Minghui , Liu Xian , Zhang Shuixing
Published: August 2020

Background

As the need for quantitative assessment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ACL graft increases, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) becomes a more valuable measuring tool. However, DTI changes in differing injury grades of ACL and longitudinal graft remain unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic performance of DTI in quantitatively assessing ACL injury severity and the development of ACL grafts within 6 months of surgery.

Study Type

A cohort study.

Subjects

Thirty‐five patients diagnosed with grades I–IV ACL injuries and 20 volunteers as controls were recruited.

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, proton density (PD)‐weighted, and DTI at 3.0T MRI.

Assessment

ACL injury grades in arthroscopic images and DTI quantitative data were evaluated from July 2016 to July 2018.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐square test, analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Both fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = −0.898, P < 0.05) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (r = 0.851, P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with the severity of ACL injuries. The area under the curve (AUC) values for differentiation between low‐ and high‐grade ACL injuries with FA and ADC were 0.973 and 0.963, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in FA (P > 0.05) and ADC (P > 0.05) between grades I and II ACL injuries or in ADC (P > 0.05) between grades III and IV, there were significant differences in FA and ADC between two grades (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in FA (P < 0.05) and ADC (P < 0.05) between normal ACL and 3‐month graft postoperation, as well as in ADC values between 3‐month and 6‐month graft postoperation (P < 0.05).

Data Conclusion

DTI could be used to quantitatively evaluate the ACL injury grades and the development of ACL grafts. The diagnostic efficiency of FA values was higher than that of ADC values.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Reconstructive surgical treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects with guided tissue regeneration using entire papilla preservation technique: A prospective case series
Authors: Aslan Serhat , Buduneli Nurcan , Cortellini Pierpaolo
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of the entire papilla preservation (EPP) technique in the regenerative treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects using native collagen membrane and bone grafting materials.

Methods

Fifteen healthy and non‐smoker patients (nine males and six females; mean age: 47.73 ± 12.18; range 21 to 63 years) with one isolated deep intrabony defect each (baseline probing depth (PD): 9.03 ± 1.62 mm; clinical attachment level (CAL): 11.16 ± 1.81 mm) were treated with guided tissue regeneration. Surgical access to the defect was provided by a single buccal vertical incision with an interdental tunneling flap. Following the granulation tissue removal, intrabony defect was filled with bone substitutes. A collagen barrier was trimmed and placed under the intact defect‐associated papilla with palatal positioning suture. Microsurgical sutures were used for primary closure.

Results

At 1 week, healing of the 15 sites was uneventful. During the study, all sites showed 100% primary closure rate. At 1‐year follow‐up, an average CAL gain of 5.86 ± 1.28 mm (P < 0.0001), PD reduction of 6.1 ± 1.47 mm (P < 0.0001), and minimal increase in gingival recession of 0.23 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.168) were observed.

Conclusion

This novel surgical technique, that keeps the interdental papilla intact, seems promising to provide optimal biomaterial protection and healing conditions, even when a collagen barrier and bone substitutes are applied.
The new 14C chronology for the Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie, France: the disappearance of Neanderthals and the arrival of Homo sapiens in France
Authors: Talamo S. , Aldeias V. , Goldberg P. , Chiotti L. , Dibble H. L. , Guérin G. , Hublin J.‐J. , Madelaine S. , Maria R. , Sandgathe D. , Steele T. E. , Turq A. , Mcpherron S. J. P.
Published: August 2020

The grand abri at La Ferrassie (France) has been a key site for Palaeolithic research since the early part of the 20th century. It became the eponymous site for one variant of Middle Palaeolithic stone tools, and its sequence was used to define stages of the Aurignacian, an early phase of the Upper Palaeolithic. Several Neanderthal remains, including two relatively intact skeletons, make it one of the most important sites for the study of Neanderthal morphology and one of the more important data sets when discussing the Neanderthal treatment of the dead. However, the site has remained essentially undated. Our goal here is to provide a robust chronological framework of the La Ferrassie sequence to be used for broad regional models about human behaviour during the late Middle to Upper Palaeolithic periods. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of modern excavation methods, extensive geoarchaeological analyses, and radiocarbon dating. If we accept that Neanderthals were responsible for the Châtelperronian, then our results suggest an overlap of ca. 1600 years with the newly arrived Homo sapiens found elsewhere in France.
Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood
Authors: Melbourn Haley , Brettell Thomas A. , Maldonado Heather , Staretz Marianne E.
Published: August 2020

Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) quantitation is a routine toxicological analysis performed in cases of suspected acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Current methods available for COHb quantitation include spectrophotometric methods and gas chromatographic methods, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. The goal of the present study was to develop a Raman microspectrophotometric COHb quantitation method and assess its precision and accuracy. A strong linear correlation (average R2 = 0.98) was found to exist between COHb concentration and the ratio of the Raman intensities at approximately 1,552 and 1,580 cm−1. The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 4.4% and 13.2% COHb, respectively. Intraday and interday studies of three calibrators indicated high precision, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.85% to 3.4%. The accuracy of this method was evaluated through the quantitation of blind samples, first using the proposed Raman microspectrophotometric method and then by a published UV–visible spectrophotometric method. For the proposed Raman method, 87.5% of the samples were quantitated with less than 20% error. The average variances of the two methods were found to be statistically different using a two‐sample F test, with the Raman microspectrophotometric method having a lower average variance. This study demonstrates that Raman microspectrophotometry may be used to quantitate the COHb concentration of blood samples. Furthermore, this method is comparable with established spectrophotometric methods while eliminating the need for time‐consuming sample preparation and limiting the use of consumables and the generation of waste.
Simultaneous sex and species classification of silkworm pupae by NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis
Authors: Qiu Guangying , Tao Dan , Xiao Qian , Li Guanglin
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Most studies only focus on the sex discrimination of silkworm pupae. However, species differentiation of silkworm pupae is also needed in sericulture. To classify the sex and species at the same time, the present study adopts near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis.

RESULTS

First, spectra samples were acquired using an NIR sensor, comprising female and male silkworm pupae from three species. Second, three different variables selection approaches were used, including a successive projections algorithm, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and interval partial least squares (iPLS). Third, identification models were built based on random forest and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The experimental results show that iPLS‐PLSDA model (95.24%) gives a high performance when using the one of the three variable selection methods alone. To further increase the performance, the variable selection methods are optimized. The accuracy of the iPLS‐CARS‐PLSDA model is as high as 98.41%.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrates that the optimized variable selection method in combination with NIR spectroscopy represents a suitable strategy for sex and species identification of silkworm pupae. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the enantioselective interaction between selected drug enantiomers and human serum albumin by mobility shift‐affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ratih Ratih , Wätzig Hermann , Stein Matthias , El Deeb Sami
Published: August 2020

Mobility shift‐affinity capillary electrophoresis was employed for enantioseparation and simultaneous binding constant determination. Human serum albumin was used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte composed of 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The applied setup supports a high mobility shift since albumin and the drug‐albumin complex hold negative net charges, while model compounds of amlodipine and verapamil are positively charged. In order to have an accurate effective mobility determination, the Haarhoff‐van der Linde function was utilized. Subsequently, the association constant was determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the dependence of effective mobilities on the total protein concentration. Differences in the apparent binding status between the enantiomers lead to mobility shifts of different extends (α). This resulted in enantioresolutions of Rs = 1.05–3.63 for both drug models. R‐(+)‐Verapamil (KA 1844 M−1) proved to bind stronger to human serum albumin compared to S‐(−)‐verapamil (KA 6.6 M−1). The association constant of S‐(−)‐amlodipine (KA 25 073 M−1) was found to be slightly higher compared to its antipode (KA 22 620 M−1) when applying the racemic mixture. The low measurement uncertainty of this approach was demonstrated by the close agreement of the association constant of the enantiopure S‐(−)‐form (KA 25 101 M−1).
Chip‐Based Microwave‐Photonic Radar for High‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Li Simin , Cui Zhengze , Ye Xingwei , Feng Jing , Yang Yue , He Zhengqiang , Cong Rong , Zhu Dan , Zhang Fangzheng , Pan Shilong
Published: August 2020

Radar is the only sensor that can realize target imaging at all time and all weather, which would be a key technical enabler for future intelligent society. Poor resolution and large size are the two critical issues for radar to gain ground in civil applications. Conventional electronic radars are difficult to address due to both issues, especially in the Ka band or lower. In this work, a chip‐based microwave‐photonic radar based on silicon photonic platform, which can implement high‐resolution imaging with very small footprint, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Both the wideband signal generator and the de‐chirp receiver are integrated on the chip. A broadband microwave‐photonic imaging radar occupying the full Ku band is experimentally established. A high‐precision range measurement with a resolution of 2.7 cm and an error of less than 2.75 mm is obtained. Inverse synthetic aperture imaging of multiple targets with complex profiles is also implemented.
Effects of ionic liquid on the dispersion and tribological property of graphene lubricant
Authors: Wei Xiaoyi , Zhao Yue , Zhang Lixiu , Wang Junhai , Wang Liyan , Xi Dongyang
Published: August 2020

Graphene has attracted attention in the field of lubrication based on its excellent properties. However, the difficulty of graphene dispersion in base oil hinders its development. In this paper, the effects of ionic liquid as additives on the dispersion and lubricating properties of graphene lubricants were investigated. Results showed that after adding ionic liquid, the graphene could be still stably dispersed in base oil even after 30 days. Molecular simulation study showed that ionic liquid tended to insert into graphene layers, and promoted the affinity of graphene and base oil. Then, the tribological friction behaviour of ionic liquid/graphene lubricants was investigated by concentration of ionic liquid, applied load and sliding velocity. Results showed that the friction and wear property was improved better after adding ionic liquid. This work provides a new method to enhance the stability of the graphene lubricating oil, and thus broaden the graphene in tribological application.
State of the‐Art for Extrudate Swell of Molten Polymers: From Fundamental Understanding at Molecular Scale toward Optimal Die Design at Final Product Scale
Authors: Tang Dahang , Marchesini Flavio H. , Cardon Ludwig , D'hooge Dagmar R.
Published: August 2020

Polymer extrudate swell is a rheological phenomenon taking place after polymer melt flow emerges the die exit of extrusion equipment, due to flow redistributions and molecular stress relaxations. The associated die design is based on the strategy of inhibiting or compensating the swelling behavior downstream the die exit. This contribution comprehensively highlights the current knowledge and plethora of experimental and modeling tools to tune extrudate swell of polymer melts. The novelty lies in the combined consideration of the impact and interplay of i) the processing parameters, ii) the die geometry, iii) the macromolecular characteristics (e.g., molar mass distribution and branching level), and iv) the additive macroscopic properties. Furthermore, the prediction of extrudate swell through various flow geometries by semiempirical expressions and fundamental viscoelastic constitutive models is compared. Specific focus is on the differential Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT), the molecular‐based Double‐Convected POM–POM model (DCPP), and the integral Kaye–Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas (K‐BKZ) model and their usefulness for 3D swelling descriptions, indicating the optimum model to understand the fundamental relation of molecular parameters and viscoelasticity. The relevance of such detailed analysis is also illustrated by including case studies addressing design at the final product scale.
Holomorphic symmetric differentials and a birational characterization of abelian varieties
Authors: Mistretta Ernesto C.
Published: August 2020

A generically generated vector bundle on a smooth projective variety yields a rational map to a Grassmannian, called Kodaira map. We answer a previous question, raised by the asymptotic behaviour of such maps, giving rise to a birational characterization of abelian varieties. In particular we prove that, under the conjectures of the Minimal Model Program, a smooth projective variety is birational to an abelian variety if and only if it has Kodaira dimension 0 and some symmetric power of its cotangent sheaf is generically generated by its global sections.
Analysis of circulating breast cancer cell heterogeneity and interactions with peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Brechbuhl Heather M. , Vinod‐Paul Kiran , Gillen Austin E. , Kopin Etana G. , Gibney Kari , Elias Anthony D. , Hayashi Masanori , Sartorius Carol A. , Kabos Peter
Published: August 2020

For solid tumors, extravasation of cancer cells and their survival in circulation represents a critical stage of the metastatic process that lacks complete understanding. Gaining insight into interactions between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide valuable prognostic information. The purpose of this study was to use single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of liquid biopsies from breast cancer patients to begin defining intravascular interactions. We captured CTCs from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients using size‐exclusion membranes followed by scRNA‐seq of enriched CTCs and carry‐over PBMCs. Transcriptome analysis identified two populations of CTCs: one enriched for transcripts indicative of estrogen responsiveness and increased proliferation and another enriched for transcripts characteristic of reduced proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We applied interactome and pathway analysis to determine interactions between CTCs and other captured cells. Our analysis predicted for enhanced immune evasion in the CTC population with EMT characteristics. In addition, PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway activation and T cell exhaustion were predicted in T cells isolated from breast cancer patients compared with normal T cells. We conclude that scRNA‐seq of breast cancer CTCs generally stratifies them into two types based on their proliferative and epithelial state and differential potential to interact with PBMCs. Better understanding of CTC subtypes and their intravascular interactions may help design treatments directed against CTCs with high metastatic and immune‐evasive competence.
Minimum wage and restaurant hygiene violations: Evidence from Seattle
Authors: Chakrabarti Subir K. , Devaraj Srikant , Patel Pankaj C.
Published: August 2020

We study the association between the minimum wage and food establishment hygiene violations between Seattle (the treated city) and Bellevue (the control city), both cities located in King County and sharing the same health inspection department. An increase in the real minimum wage of $0.25 is associated with an increase of at least 8% in total and less severe (blue) hygiene violation scores for food establishments in Seattle. We find mixed support for the increase in more severe (red) violations. A decline in employment with an increase in minimum wage could be driving the increases in hygiene violations.
Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Therapy
Authors: Stuart Samuel , Morris Rosie , Giritharan Andrew , Quinn Joseph , Nutt John G. , Mancini Martina
Published: August 2020

Degradation of striatal dopamine in Parkinson's disease (PD) may initially be supplemented by increased cognitive control mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. Shift to cognitive control of walking can be quantified by prefrontal cortex activation. Levodopa improves certain aspects of gait and worsens others, and cholinergic augmentation influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity remains unclear. This study examined dopaminergic and cholinergic influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity while walking in PD. A single‐site, randomized, double‐blind crossover trial examined effects of levodopa and donepezil in PD. Twenty PD participants were randomized, and 19 completed the trial. Participants were randomized to either levodopa + donepezil (5 mg) or levodopa + placebo treatments, with 2 weeks with treatment and a 2‐week washout. The primary outcome was change in prefrontal cortex activity while walking, and secondary outcomes were change in gait and dual‐task performance and attention. Levodopa decreased prefrontal cortex activity compared with off medication (effect size, −0.51), whereas the addition of donepezil reversed this decrease. Gait speed and stride length under single‐ and dual‐task conditions improved with combined donepezil and levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, 1 for gait speed and 0.75 for stride length). Dual‐task reaction time was quicker with levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, −0.87), and accuracy improved with combined donepezil and levodopa (effect size, 0.47). Cholinergic therapy, specifically donepezil 5 mg/day for 2 weeks, can alter prefrontal cortex activity when walking and improve secondary cognitive task accuracy and gait in PD. Further studies will investigate whether higher prefrontal cortex activity while walking is associated with gait changes. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative assessment of TLR4 gene polymorphisms and T2DM risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Jinzhuo , Liang Renxian
Published: August 2020

Background

Numerous studies have evaluated the association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and T2DM risk. However, the findings were inconsistent and controversial.

Methods

In order to drive a more precise estimation, we carried out a meta‐analysis based on 41 studies involving 23,250 cases and 24,760 controls. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association.

Results

Our meta‐analysis provides evidence that rs4986790 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Asian (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01–1.50, p = 0.042; G vs. A, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01–1.44, p = 0.041). Rs4986791 polymorphism was related to an increased risk of T2DM both in Asian (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.11–2.80, p = 0.017; G vs. A, OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04–2.55, p = 0.034) and Caucasian (GG vs. AA, OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.23–4.75, p = 0.010). Rs11536889 polymorphism may have a protective effect on T2DM in Chinese populations (CC vs. GG, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96, p = 0.031; GC vs. GG, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.98, p = 0.034; CC vs. GC/GG, OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.96, p = 0.013; C vs. G, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59–0.97, p = 0.027), whereas rs1927911 may have no impact.

Conclusions

These findings supported that rs4986790, rs4986791, and rs11536889 may contribute to the risk of T2DM.
Louisiana audit finds 315 BH providers overbilled Medicaid
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2020

An audit examining how individual behavioral health providers bill Louisiana's Medicaid program for their services has found improper billing practices for hundreds who billed for excess hours per calendar day, auditors stated.
Fully planar frequency independent square Archimedean spiral antenna with impedance transformer for ground penetrating radars
Authors: Bousbaa Walid , Medkour Hicham , Bouttout Farid , Messali Zoubeida
Published: August 2020

An ultra‐wideband unidirectional circularly polarized planar self‐complementary and compact Archimedean square spiral antenna is proposed in this paper. Compared to the conventional center‐fed or vertically‐connected coaxial line spiral antennas, the proposed antenna has a completely planar feed structure. The traditional impedance transformer (balun) in the third dimension is moved to the planar plane based on a wideband microstrip line to coplanar stripline transition to realize a completely planar spiral antenna. This impedance transformer is integrated with the spiral antenna to achieve a planar structure and to adapt the impedance into a conventional 50 Ω coaxial cable. The performance of the proposed antenna is simulated and measured. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 90 × 90 × 1.6 mm3 on an FR4 substrate and can yield a large −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.14 to 9.8 GHz which is equivalent to a fractional bandwidth of 102.13% with unidirectional radiation patterns. The VSWR is less than two in the operating bandwidth and the axial ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB in the frequency range of 1‐8 GHz. The simulated radiation efficiency ranges between 20% and 80%. The characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for ground‐penetrating radar applications and many others.
Structured Review of the Value Added by the Registered Dietitian to the Care of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Kenny Erin , Touger‐Decker Riva , August David Allen
Published: August 2020

Background

Malnutrition is common among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and contributes to their morbidity and mortality. Nutrition interventions provided by a registered dietitian (RD) or dietitian may improve nutrition status and patient outcomes; however, there are few studies that attempt to define the contribution of the dietitian to these outcomes.

Objective

Our objective was to identify the value added by the dietitian to the care of patients with GI malignancies.

Methods

A structured review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and ClinicalKey (all dates up to December 2019). Patients included those with GI malignancies undergoing cancer treatment and receiving intervention provided by an dietitian. Intervention included provision of medical nutrition therapy by an dietitian in the form of counseling, diet advice, oral nutritional supplementation, and enteral and/or parenteral nutrition–directed recommendations.

Results

Ten relevant studies were identified and included for analysis. Studies suggest that nutrition counseling by a dietitian during cancer treatment results in improved weight maintenance and energy intake. Preoperative nutrition counseling and inpatient dietitian intervention seem to decrease length of stay after major surgery.

Conclusions

We conclude that the dietitian, especially when providing nutrition counseling, improves the nutrition‐related outcomes of patients with GI malignancies. The small number of existent studies highlights the need for further research to define the impact of dietitian interventions and to determine which particular interventions best improve patient outcomes.
Attracting potential blood donors: The role of personality and social marketing
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Gouveia , Carlos Vera S.
Published: August 2020

Globally, society has been facing several and growing health problems, which increased the importance of efforts towards social change. In this context, using social marketing to create and implement programs that foster behavioural change has increased in the public health community. One of the health problems that society has been facing is the unceasing need for blood products, so the subject of blood donation became an important research topic in the area of social marketing, as social marketing strategies can contribute to solving this problem. It is essential to understand the factors that motivate individuals to donate blood, to enhance the recruitment and retention of blood donors. Our study aims at evaluating the key personality factors that influence blood donation behaviour to reach a higher understanding of what concerns this global issue. The method used to analyse the data is ANOVA. We conclude that the Personality of potential donors is significantly different from the non‐donors' regarding Openness to Experience and Agreeableness. These results suggest that potential donors might perceive blood donation, as well as the associated barriers, differently from non‐donors. Based on our findings, we suggest some perspectives for future research in this area.
Effects of renewable and non‐renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in India: Empirical evidence from disaggregated data analysis
Authors: Sahoo Malayaranjan , Sahoo Jayantee
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we examined the relationship between renewable and non‐renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in India by taking disaggregated data from 1965 to 2018. In order to determine the effect of long‐run elasticity of independent variables on dependent variables, we have used ARDL bound testing approach. The directions of causality of the variables are investigated by Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test. The long‐run results reveal that hydro energy consumption has a positive impact on CO2 emissions but not significant. However, nuclear energy consumption indicates that there is a negative effect on CO2 emissions. It reveals that all non‐renewable energy consumption sources have positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions.
Rescue of respiratory failure in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to pathogenic MARS1 variants
Authors: Lenz Dominic , Stahl Mirjam , Seidl Elias , Schöndorf Dominik , Brennenstuhl Heiko , Gesenhues Florian , Heinzmann Tina , Longerich Thomas , Mendes Marisa I. , Prokisch Holger , Salomons Gajja S. , Schön Carola , Smith Desirée E. C. , Sommerburg Olaf , Wagner Matias , Westhoff Jens H. , Reiter Karl , Staufner Christian , Griese Matthias
Published: August 2020

Background

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a heterogeneous condition with more than 100 different underlying disorders that need to be differentiated to target therapeutic options, which are generally limited.

Methods

The clinical course of two brothers with pathogenic variants in the methionyl‐tRNA synthetase (MARS)1 gene was compared to previously published patients. Functional studies in patient‐derived fibroblasts were performed and therapeutic options evaluated.

Results

The younger brother was diagnosed with PAP at the age of 1 year. Exome sequencing revealed the homozygous MARS1 variant p.(Arg598Cys), leading to interstitial lung and liver disease (ILLD). At 2 years of age, following surgery hypoglycemia was detected, the pulmonary condition deteriorated, and the patient developed multiorgan failure. Six therapeutic whole lung lavages (WLL) were necessary to improve respiratory insufficiency. Methionine supplementation was started and a high protein diet ensured, leading to complete respiratory recovery. The older brother, homozygous for the same MARS1 variant, had a long‐known distinct eating preference of methionine‐rich food and showed a less severe clinical phenotype. Decreased aminoacylation activity confirmed the pathogenicity of p.(Arg598Cys) in vitro. In agreement with our review of currently published ILLD patients, the presence of hepatopathy, developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, and anemia support the multisystemic character of the disease.

Conclusions

Catabolic events can provoke a severe deterioration of the pulmonary situation in ILLD with a need for repetitive WLL. Although the precise role of oral methionine supplementation and high protein intake are unknown, we observed an apparent treatment benefit, which needs to be evaluated systematically in controlled trials.
Sliding mode tracking control using finite‐time differentiator in high‐orders nonlinear systems with output stochastic signals
Authors: Ma Ruizi , Yan Tianhong
Published: August 2020

This article presents sliding mode tracking control using finite‐time nonlinear differentiator (FND) to the high‐orders nonlinear systems that states are unknown and the output measurement signals involves stochastic disturbances. The FND using singular perturbation technique is applied to estimate the unknown states in the tracking system, and not rely on the model information under the condition of output stochastic signals. The stochastic noises involved in the output measurement signals are restrained sufficiently by the FNDs. The design of sliding mode tracking controller using FND reduces the chattering phenomenon efficiently. The analysis of systems stability and differentiator robustness is demonstrated. The comparative simulation results show that the sliding mode controller using FND track the desired trajectory in high accuracy with tracking errors fast convergence.
On the scalability of battery‐aware contact plan design for LEO satellite constellations
Authors: Fraire Juan A. , Gerstacker Carsten , Hermanns Holger , Nies Gilles , Bisgaard Morten , Bay Kristian
Published: August 2020

Size and weight limitations of low‐Earth orbit (LEO) small satellites make their operation rest on a fine balance between solar power infeed and power demands of supporting communication technologies, buffered by on‐board battery storage. As a result, the problem of planning battery‐powered intersatellite communication is a very difficult one. Nevertheless, there is a growing trend toward constellations and mega‐constellations that are to be managed using sophisticated software support. In earlier work, we have discussed how the effective construction of contact plans in delay‐tolerant satellite networking can profit from a refined model of the on‐board battery behavior. This paper presents a profound study of the scalability of the approach and discusses how to tailor it to the needs arising in the management of mega‐constellations, together with a variety of improvements to the base approach. Results show that efficient mega‐constellation operations are compromised, encouraging further research on the area.
Accelerating forest tree breeding by integrating genomic selection and greenhouse phenotyping
Authors: Alves Filipe C. , Balmant Kelly M. , Resende Marcio F. R. , Kirst Matias , de los Campos Gustavo
Published: August 2020

Breeding forest species can be a costly and slow process because of the extensive areas needed for field trials and the long periods (e.g., five years) that are required to measure economically and environmentally relevant phenotypes (e.g., adult plant biomass or plant height). Genomic selection (GS) and indirect selection using early phenotypes (e.g., phenotypes collected in greenhouse conditions) are two ways by which tree breeding can be accelerated. These approaches can both reduce the costs of field‐testing and the time required to make selection decisions. Moreover, these approaches can be highly synergistic. Therefore, in this study, we used a data set comprising DNA genotypes and longitudinal measurements of growth collected from a population of Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall (eastern cottonwood) in the greenhouse and the field, to evaluate the potential impact of integrating large‐scale greenhouse phenotyping with conventional GS. We found that the integration of greenhouse phenotyping and GS can deliver very early selection decisions that are moderately accurate. Therefore, we conclude that the adoption of these approaches, in conjunction with reproductive techniques that shorten the generation interval, can lead to an unprecedented acceleration of selection gains in P. deltoides and, potentially, other commercially planted tree species.
Mild cognitive impairment in Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Derrig Hannah , Lavrencic Louise M. , Broe Gerald A. , Draper Brian , Cumming Robert G , Garvey Gail , Hill Thi Yen , Daylight Gail , Chalkley Simon , Mack Holly , Lasschuit Danielle , Delbaere Kim , Radford Kylie
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Aboriginal Australians have among the highest rates of dementia worldwide, yet no study has investigated the subtypes, risk factors, or longer term outcomes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population.

Methods

A total of 336 community‐dwelling Aboriginal Australians aged ≥60 years participated in a longitudinal study, completing a structured interview at baseline. MCI (amnestic subtype, aMCI; non‐amnestic subtype, naMCI) and dementia were diagnosed via cognitive screening, medical assessment, and clinical consensus. Associations between life‐course factors and baseline MCI subtypes were examined using logistic regression. Conversion to dementia was assessed at 6‐year follow‐up.

Results

Prevalent aMCI (n = 24) was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 2.53), head injury (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.35 to 7.56), symptoms of depression (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.24), and lower blood pressure (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.86). Prevalent naMCI (n = 29) was associated with low education (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.53 to 13.05), unskilled work history (OR = 5.62, 95% CI: 2.07 to 13.90), higher body mass index (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.04), and moderate to severe hearing loss (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.06 to 7.55). A small proportion of MCI cases reverted to intact at follow‐up (15%), but most remained stable (44%), developed dementia and/or died (41%).

Discussion

Sociodemographic and clinical factors both contributed to baseline MCI and were distinct for MCI subtypes, with similar patterns of conversion to dementia for amnestic and non‐amnestic MCI.
Application of fracture mechanics for the characterization of PVC pipes. I. Evaluation of the applicability of the EWF technique in specimens produced directly from pipes
Authors: Rodolfo Antonio
Published: August 2020

Unplasticized (U‐PVC) and modified (M‐PVC) pipes used in irrigation and infrastructure applications in Brazil (nominal diameter DN 300, outside diameter 326 mm), were evaluated according to various fracture mechanics methodologies, including essential work of fracture (EWF), C‐ring toughness and fracture toughness parameters (stress intensity factor KC and energy release rate GC, both at plastic collapse). These pipes were also evaluated for the quality of processing (degree of gelation) via DSC and tensile strength. Results show that the differences in behavior against fracture propagation are sensitive, depending on the technique, when comparing the results between the different types of pipes, opening up new possibilities for testing this product. This possibility is particularly interesting in the case of the evaluation of the degree of gelation in industrial process controls, since the dichloromethane (DCMT) solvent immersion method still in use tends to be replaced in the future by alternative methodologies due to chemical exposure factors.
Chirurgische Rekonstruktionen beim Larynxkarzinom
Authors: Arens C. , Schwemmle C. , Voigt-Zimmermann S.
Published: August 2020

Tumoren des Kehlkopfes können sowohl die Stimmfunktion und die Atmung als auch den Schluckvorgang erheblich beeinträchtigen. Das übergeordnete Ziel der rekonstruktiven chirurgischen Behandlung von laryngealen Tumoren ist, den Tumor suffizient zu resezieren und gleichzeitig die Auswirkungen der Behandlung auf Stimme, Atmung und Schlucken zu minimieren. Allgemein haben primäre Rekonstruktionen im Rahmen der primären Larynxoperation viele Vorteile. Das Gewebe ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt weich, weil der Vernarbungsprozess noch nicht eingesetzt hat. Auch kann durch den sofort hergestellten Stimmlippenvolumenausgleich eine bessere Voraussetzung für einen suffizienten Glottisschluss erwartet werden. Die rekonstruktive Behandlung kann jedoch auch sekundär erfolgen. Unterschiedliche Methoden der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie beim Larynxkarzinom werden vorgestellt und erörtert.