bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional matrix characterization of equivalent double sequences
Authors: Patterson Richard , Savaş Ekrem
Published: July 2012

In 1936 Hamilton presented a Silverman-Toeplitz type characterization of c″0 (i.e. the space of bounded double Pringsheim null sequences). In this paper we begin with the presentation of a notion of asymptotically statistical regular. Using this definition and the concept of maximum remaining difference for double sequence, we present the following Silverman-Toeplitz type characterization of double statistical rate of convergence: let A be a nonnegative c″0−c″0 summability matrix and let [x] and [y] be member of l″ such that

with [x] ∈ P0, and [y] ∈ Pδ for some δ > 0 then µ(Ax)

µ(Ay). In addition other implications and variations shall also be presented.
Molecular Identification of Synanthedonini Members (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) using Cytochrome Oxidase I
Authors: Hansen J A , Klingeman W E , Moulton J K , Oliver J B , Windham M T , Zhang A , Trigiano R N
Published: July 2012

Many North American sesiid moths within Synanthodonini have been studied extensively because their feeding activity can cause detrimental economic and esthetic impacts to many commercially important ornamental and native plant species. Recent discoveries of nonnative clearwing moth pest introductions [e.g., Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.)], reinforce the need for reliable and accurate molecular diagnostic tools that can be used by nontaxonomic experts, particularly when juvenile life stages are recovered from infested host-plant tissues. Cytochrome oxidase I (cox I) previously has been used to successfully identify species and resolve species complexes. In this study, the cox I phylogeny inferred from sequences generated from 21 species of sesiid moths classified within Synanthedonini confirms the close evolutionary relationship between sesiid species. As other authors have suggested in previous works, we observed that Synanthedon rileyana H. Edwards appears atypical for the genus, as it paired with Carmenta bassiformis (Walker) one node removed from, but not sister to, a large well-supported Synanthedon-rich clade. Sannina uroceriformis Walker and Podosesia Möschler were observed nested deeply within the aforementioned well-supported clade (posterior probability [PP] of clade = 100) comprised of all Synanthedon species sampled, except S. rileyana. Placement of these two taxa conflicts with results from previous morphological studies. These placements were immune from repeated attempts to delete perceived nearby long branches within the data set. Despite these few conflicts and overall low statistical support for most interspecific and higher relationships, our data suggest that all species examined possess unique genetic signatures that lend themselves to accurate identification of all life history stages of these clearwing pests.
Effects of a Fern-Dwelling Ant Species, Crematogaster difformis, on the Ant Assemblages of Emergent Trees in a Bornean Tropical Rainforest
Authors: Tanaka H O , Yamane S , Itioka T
Published: July 2012

This study examined the effects of a fern-dwelling ant species, Crematogaster difformis Smith (Formicidae, Hymenoptera), which defends territories in large areas of the crowns of emergent trees, on the composition and spatial distribution of other ant species on the trees in a Bornean tropical rainforest. We investigated the within-tree distribution of nest sites and foraging areas of individual ant colonies on emergent trees. The ant species composition on trees occupied by C. difformis was significantly different from that on conspecific trees without C. difformis. The species richness of ants inhabiting emergent trees, colony abundance of ants that nested and foraged in the crowns, and colony abundance of ants that nested on and in the ground but foraged in the crowns were all significantly lower on trees occupied by C. difformis than on conspecific trees without C. difformis. These results suggest that C. difformis suppresses the distribution of other ant species on emergent trees by excluding them from C. difformis territories and that a single ant species can affect the structure of the entire ant assemblage in the canopy of tropical rainforests.
Small Size No Protection for Acrobat Ants: World's Smallest Fly is a Parasitic Phorid (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian V
Published: July 2012

A new species of phorid fly, Euryplatea nanaknihali (Diptera: Phoridae), is described from Thailand. This is the first Oriental Region record for this genus; it is otherwise known only from the type species from Africa, where it parasitizes ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund. The new species is probably capable of parasitizing the smallest host Crematogaster (Formicidae) ants in its range. At 0.40 mm in body length, it is the smallest known fly in the world.
Within-Plant Distribution of Cotton Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Cotton with Colored Fibers and Cotton-Fennel Intercropping System
Authors: Fernandes F S , Ramalho F S , Nascimento ARB , Malaquias J B , Silva CAD Da , Zanuncio J C
Published: July 2012

It is known that intercropping systems maintain biodiversity and control pest populations. The aim of this study was to describe the vertical and horizontal distribution of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, within the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in cotton with colored fibers and cotton-fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) intercropping system over time, during two cotton seasons. Measurements of the aphid population's dynamics and distribution in the cotton plants were recorded at intervals of 7 d, from plant emergence until the appearance of the first open bolls. The number of aphids and their specific locations on the plant were recorded in relation to reference points (nodes on the plant's main stem as well as on leaves and fruit structures). The number of cotton aphids found on the cotton crop (11,444 cotton aphids) was significantly higher than the number found on the cotton-fennel intercrop (8,106). Considering the vertical distribution of cotton aphids on the plants, no significant interactions were observed among the crop system, plant age and plant region, between the crop system and plant age, or between the crop system and plant region. In the cotton system, aphid populations peaked between 74 and 95 d, whereas in the cotton-fennel intercropping system, aphid populations peaked between 74 and 102 d. The results obtained in this study could be useful in decision-making, implementing controls and determining the timing of population peaks of this aphid.
A New Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea) Associated with Plant Galls on Castanopsis (Fagaceae) in China
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Yang Xiao-Hui , Zhu Dao-Hong , He Yi-Yuan
Published: July 2012

A new cynipid species, Saphonecrus hupingshanensis Liu, Yang, et Zhu, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from China. This is the first species of the inquilinous tribe Synergini ever known to have an association with chinquapins (Fagaceae: Castanopsis). The biology and implication to species diversity of Cynipidae in eastern and southeast Asia are discussed.
Cultivation Tool Design: Design and Construction of Two Novel Cultivation Tools
Authors: Evans Glenn J. , Bellinder Robin R. , Hahn Russell R.
Published: July 2012

Cultivation tools have a long history of use. The integration of cultivation within current organic and conventional weed management programs is conditional on the availability of functional, practical cultivation tools. However, there are performance and operational limitations with current cultivation tools. Serviceable improvement in weed control is the impetus behind creation of new tool designs. The primary objective of this research was to design and construct two cultivators that might address the limitations of current cultivation tools. A secondary objective was to identify historical influences on the technology, availability, and capability of cultivation tools. Two new tractor-mounted cultivators were designed and constructed as loose extractions of antique handheld tools. The first tool, a block cultivator, has a flat surface in the front of the tool that rests against the soil and limits the entrance of a rear-mounted blade. The second tool resembles a stirrup hoe, where a horizontal steel blade with a beveled front edge slices through the upper layer of the soil. Block and stirrup cultivator units were mounted on a toolbar with a traditional S-tine sweep, so that the novel cultivators could be compared directly with a common standard. Relative to the S-tine sweep, the stirrup cultivator reduced weed survival by about one-third and the block cultivator reduced weed survival by greater than two-thirds. Of the three tools, block cultivator performance was least influenced by environmental and operational variances.
An Evaluation of Two Novel Cultivation Tools
Authors: Evans Glenn J. , Bellinder Robin R. , Hahn Russell R.
Published: July 2012

Cultivation is a critical component of organic weed management and has relevance in conventional farming. Limitations with current cultivation tools include high costs, limited efficacy, and marginal applicability across a range of crops, soil types, soil moisture conditions, and weed growth stages. The objectives of this research were to compare the weed control potential of two novel tools, a block cultivator and a stirrup cultivator, with that of a conventional S-tine cultivator, and to evaluate crop response when each tool was used in pepper and broccoli. Block and stirrup cultivators were mounted on a toolbar with an S-tine sweep. In 2008, the tripart cultivator was tested in 20 independently replicated noncrop field events. Weed survival and reemergence data were collected from the cultivated area of each of the three tools. Environmental data were also collected. A multivariable model was created to assess the importance of cultivator design and environmental and operational variables on postcultivation weed survival. Additional trials in 2009 evaluated the yield response of pepper and broccoli to interrow cultivations with each tool. Cultivator design significantly influenced postcultivation weed survival (P < 0.0001). When weed survival was viewed collectively across all 20 cultivations, both novel cultivators significantly increased control. Relative to the S-tine sweep, the stirrup cultivator reduced weed survival by about one-third and the block cultivator reduced weed survival by greater than two-thirds. Of the 11 individually assessed environmental and operational parameters, 7 had significant implications for weed control with the sweep; 5 impacted control with the stirrup cultivator, and only 1 (surface weed cover at the time of cultivation) influenced control with the block cultivator. Crop response to each cultivator was identical. The block cultivator, because of its increased effectiveness and operational flexibility, has the potential to improve interrow mechanical weed management.
Herbicide Application Strategies for the Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wide-Row Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Southern Australia
Authors: Kleemann Samuel G. L. , Gill Gurjeet S.
Published: July 2012

Two field experiments were undertaken at Roseworthy, South Australia from 2006 to 2007 to evaluate the performance of herbicide application strategies for the control of herbicide-resistant rigid ryegrass in faba bean grown in wide rows (WR). The standard farmer practice of applying postsowing PRE (PSPE) simazine followed by POST clethodim to faba bean grown in WR provided consistent and high levels of rigid ryegrass control (≥ 96%) and caused a large reduction (P < 0.05) in spike production (≤ 20 spikes m−2) as compared with nontreated control (560 to 722 spikes m−2). Furthermore, this herbicide combination resulted in greatest yield benefits for WR faba bean (723 to 1,046 kg ha−1). Although PSPE propyzamide used in combination with shielded interrow applications of glyphosate or paraquat provided high levels of rigid ryegrass control (≥ 93%), these treatments were unable to reduce ryegrass spike density within the crop row (20 to 54 spikes m−2) to levels acceptable for continued cropping. Furthermore, a yield reduction (13 to 29%) was observed for faba bean in treatments with shielded application of nonselective herbicides and could be related to spray drift onto lower leaves. These findings highlight that shielded interrow spraying in WR faba bean could play an important role in the management of rigid ryegrass in southern Australia. However, timing of shielded interrow applications on weed control, crop safety, and issues concerning integration with more effective early-season control strategies require attention.
Selective Exposure of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and False Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) to Postemergence Herbicides
Authors: Gannon Travis W. , Yelverton Fred H. , Tredway Lane P.
Published: July 2012

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of selective herbicide placement on sedge shoot number, shoot weight, and root weight. Sulfentrazone, sulfosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron were applied to soil only, foliage only, or soil plus foliage. Sulfentrazone provided greater yellow nutsedge and false green kyllinga growth reduction compared to purple nutsedge. Sulfosulfuron provided greater purple nutsedge and false green kyllinga growth reduction compared to yellow nutsedge; these species responded similarly to trifloxysulfuron. Soil and soil plus foliar applications provided the highest level of growth suppression, indicating herbicide–soil contact is required for optimum sedge control with these three herbicides. Future research should evaluate techniques that optimize herbicide–soil contact to improve herbicide efficacy.
Effect of Drip-Applied Herbicides on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Plasticulture
Authors: Dittmar Peter J. , Monks David W. , Jennings Katherine M.
Published: July 2012

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge. In greenhouse studies, yellow nutsedge control by halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron was greater (69 to 91%) than the nontreated control (0%). Yellow nutsedge treated with halosulfuron POST had a lower photosynthetic rate (0.6 to 22.6 µmol m−2 s−1) at 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment than the nontreated control (3.3 to 26.2 µmol m−2 s−1). Yellow nutsedge treated with trifloxysulfuron had lower photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance than the nontreated plants. In field studies at Clinton, NC, yellow nutsedge density increased from treatment (day 0) to 56 d after treatment in all treatments. Increase in yellow nutsedge density was 72 and 95% in drip-applied halosulfuron and imazosulfuron treatments compared with yellow nutsedge density increases of 876% for the same period in the nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge density increased 69 and 57% at Clinton and Kinston, NC, respectively, in the drip-applied 15 g ha−1 trifloxysulfuron treatment compared with 876% in the nontreated control. In field studies at Clinton and Kinston, NC, suppression of yellow nutsedge emergence in POST and drip-applied herbicide treatments was similar. Emergence of yellow nutsedge was similar in the imazosulfuron POST and the nontreated yellow nutsedge. Based on these studies, drip-applied herbicides may be beneficial as a part of a yellow nutsedge control program, but additional measures, such as a POST herbicide, would be needed for effective control. Drip-applied herbicides may give growers an option for herbicide application after drip irrigation tape and polyethylene mulch have been installed in the current vegetable crops. This application method would also allow herbicide treatment under plastic mulch used for multicropping systems.
Dose Response of Glyphosate and Dicamba on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Injury
Authors: Kruger Greg R. , Johnson William G. , Doohan Douglas J. , Weller Stephen C.
Published: July 2012

Field studies were conducted to determine the response of sublethal glyphosate and dicamba doses to processing tomato flowering loss and marketable yield. Dose–response studies for both herbicides were conducted on four commercial processing tomato lines (two different lines within each study) and plants were sprayed at either the vegetative stage or the early bloom stage. Both glyphosate and dicamba caused higher yield losses when sprayed at the early bloom stage. A 25% yield loss was observed with 8.5 and 7.5 g ae ha−1for glyphosate and dicamba, respectively, at the early bloom stage and 43.9 and 11.9 g ae ha−1for glyphosate and dicamba, respectively, at the early vegetative stage. Overall, these tomato cultivars were more sensitive to dicamba than to glyphosate. We conclude that glyphosate and dicamba drift could have serious implications on tomato yields especially if the drift occurs during flowering.
Saflufenacil Carryover Injury Varies among Rotational Crops
Authors: Robinson Darren E. , McNaughton Kristen E.
Published: July 2012

Trials were established in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of soil residues of saflufenacil on growth, yield, and quality of eight rotational crops planted 1 yr after application. In the year of establishment, saflufenacil was applied PRE to field corn at rates of 75, 100, and 200 g ai ha−1. Cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pea, pepper, potato, and sugar beet were planted 1 yr later, maintained weed-free, and plant dry weight, yield, and quality measures of interest to processors for each crop were determined. Reductions in dry weight and yield of all grades of cucumber were determined at both the 100 and 200 g ha−1rates of saflufenacil. Plant dry weight, bulb number, and size and yield of onion were also reduced by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Sugar beet plant dry weight and yield, but not sucrose content, were decreased by saflufenacil at 100 and 200 g ha−1. Cabbage plant dry weight, head size, and yield; carrot root weight and yield; and pepper dry weight, fruit number and size, and yield were only reduced in those treatments in which twice the field corn rate had been applied to simulate the effect of spray overlap in the previous year. Pea and potato were not negatively impacted by applications of saflufenacil in the year prior to planting. It is recommended that cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, pepper, and sugar beet not be planted the year after saflufenacil application at rates up to 200 g ha−1. Pea and potato can be safely planted the year following application of saflufenacil up to rates of 200 g ha−1.
Weed Management and Peanut Response from Applications of Saflufenacil
Authors: Morichetti Sergio , Ferrell Jason , MacDonald Greg , Sellers Brent , Rowland Diane
Published: July 2012

Saflufenacil is a new protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide registered for use before establishment of field corn and soybean. Generally, peanut plants are tolerant to other herbicides in this class, and no reports document the utility of saflufenacil for in-season weed control. Experiments were conducted to determine whether saflufenacil applied at 12, 25, and 50 g ha−1could effectively control Benghal dayflower and Palmer amaranth. It was observed that saflufenacil, applied either PRE or POST, was ineffective for Benghal dayflower. The maximum control at 28 d after treatment (DAT) was 79% when 50 g ha−1was applied to 5- to 10-cm plants. Control of Palmer amaranth from PRE applications was less effective than flumioxazin at 28 DAT. However, POST applications provided > 87% control at 28 DAT when applied to plants 5 to 10 cm in height. For plants 10 to 15 cm in height, > 90% Palmer amaranth control was only achieved by the 50 g ha−1application rate. For plants 15 to 20 cm in height, no POST application provided > 70% control. Peanut response, in a weed-free environment, to saflufenacil rate and application timing were also evaluated. Peanut stunting ranged from 0 to 36%, relative to application timing. Applications made at 0 d after emergence (DAE) were least injurious, whereas those made at 15 DAE were most injurious. Application of 50 g ha−1provided the greatest amount of stunting and foliar injury. However, stunting and saflufenacil application rate did not correspond to yield reduction. Saflufenacil application timing did influence peanut yield. Applications made between 0 and 30 DAE did not result in yield loss, whereas applications made at 45 and 60 DAE resulted in a 5 and 19% reduction, respectively. Though saflufenacil has many positive characteristics, higher application rates are required for optimum weed control. However, these higher use rates also resulted in unacceptable levels of injury.
Effect of Turnip Soil Amendment and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Densities on Interference in Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato
Authors: Bangarwa Sanjeev K. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Gbur Edward E.
Published: July 2012

Yellow nutsedge is a problematic weed in polyethylene-mulched tomato production. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide is the most effective method of controlling nutsedges, but because of ozone depletion, the phase-out of methyl bromide has complicated nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched tomato and other vegetable crops. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family produce glucosinolates, which upon tissue decomposition generate biocidal isothiocyanates and therefore can be used as a biological alternative for yellow nutsedge control. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2009 to study the influence of soil amendment with ‘Seventop’ turnip cover crop on the interference of yellow nutsedge planted at 0, 50, and 100 tubers m−2in raised-bed polyethylene-mulched tomato production. There was no advantage of soil amendment with Seventop on reducing yellow nutsedge interference in polyethylene-mulched tomato. Regardless of soil amendment, increasing initial tuber density from 50 to 100 tubers m−2increased yellow nutsedge shoot density, shoot dry weight, and tuber production at least 1.7, 1.6, and 1.6 times, respectively. As a result, tomato canopy width, shoot dry weight, and marketable yield decreased with increasing initial tuber densities. However, increased tuber density had minimal impact on tomato height. Relative to weed-free plots, interference of yellow nutsedge at 50 and 100 tubers m−2reduced marketable yield of tomato up to 32 and 49%, respectively. Shading of the middle and lower portion of tomato plants by yellow nutsedge shoots could be the major factor for reducing tomato growth and yield in weedy plots. It is concluded that soil amendment with Seventop turnip is not a viable option for reducing yellow nutsedge interference at 50 and 100 tuber m−2in polyethylene-mulched tomato.
Effect of Herbicide-Treated Irrigation Water on Four Vegetables
Authors: Gettys Lyn A. , Haller William T.
Published: July 2012

Bodies of water that are treated with herbicides for aquatic weed control are often used as a source of irrigation water by landowners near the water body, but there is little information regarding the effects of experimental aquatic herbicides on common garden plants. Therefore, the goal of these experiments was to identify phytotoxicity of four herbicides on vegetables frequently cultivated by home gardeners. Sweet pepper, zucchini, tomato, and bush bean were irrigated with water containing bispyribac-sodium, quinclorac, topramezone, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium to identify the herbicide concentrations that damage these garden vegetables. Experiments were conducted during 2009 and repeated in 2010. Plants were irrigated four times during an 11-d period with the equivalent of 1.27 cm of treated water during each irrigation, then irrigated with well water until they were harvested 41 d after the first herbicide treatment. Values of the concentration of herbicide expected to reduce treated plants by 10% compared with control plants (EC10) were calculated from components of nonlinear regression. Analysis of visual quality and dry weight data revealed that bush bean was the most sensitive of the vegetable plants to bispyribac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, and topramezone, whereas the species most sensitive to quinclorac was zucchini. Exposure of bush bean to 7.1, 0.9, and 1.2 parts per billion (ppb) of bispyribac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, and topramezone, respectively, would be expected to cause 10% reductions compared with control plants, whereas exposure of zucchini to as little as 11.0 ppb of quinclorac would be expected to cause a 10% reduction in dry weight.
Yellow Nutsedge Control and Reduced Tuber Production withS-metolachlor, Halosulfuron plus Dicamba, and Glyphosate in Furrow-Irrigated Corn
Authors: Felix Joel , Newberry George
Published: July 2012

Yellow nutsedge is an important weed problem in furrow-irrigated fields in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the effect of PPIS-metolachlor or EPTC followed by POST halosulfuron and dicamba plus glyphosate or glyphosate alone on foliar yellow nutsedge control and tuber production in corn. Corn plant height at 8 and 24 d after treatment (DAT) was reduced 20 and 17%, respectively, in POST herbicides alone compared with PPI plus POST herbicide treatments. Yellow nutsedge control at 8 DAT averaged 78% for treatments that included PPI application of EPTC orS-metolachlor 1,600 g ai ha−1followed by halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1or 70 plus 310 g ha−1) plus glyphosate 785 g ha−1compared with POST treatments alone (49%). The control at 24 DAT was 84% for treatments that contained halosulfuron plus dicamba compared with 73% for POST glyphosate alone. Yellow nutsedge tubers were reduced 56 to 68% among treatments at the end of 2008. Tuber reduction in 2009 was greater with treatments that included PPI herbicides followed by sequential halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1) plus glyphosate compared with glyphosate alone. Corn yield reflected the level of yellow nutsedge control and early-season weed interference. Treatments that included PPI herbicides had an average yield of 8.2 T ha−1compared with 6.6 T ha−1with sequential glyphosate alone. There was a correlation between percent foliar control and the number of yellow nutsedge tubers produced at the end of each year. Application of PPI herbicides followed by POST halosulfuron plus dicamba (35 plus 155 g ha−1or 70 plus 155 g ha−1) plus glyphosate improved yellow nutsedge control, reduced early corn–weed competition, and produced the highest corn yield under furrow-irrigated conditions.
Synergistic Effects of Atrazine and Mesotrione on Susceptible and Resistant Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) Populations and the Potential for Overcoming Resistance to Triazine Herbicides
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Stratford Karrie , Stone Kent , Powles Stephen B.
Published: July 2012

The synergistic interaction between mesotrione, a hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide, and atrazine, a photosystem II (PS II)-inhibiting herbicide, has been identified in the control of several weed species. A series of dose–response studies examined the synergistic effect of these herbicides on a susceptible (S) wild radish population. The potential for this interaction to overcome target-sitepsbA gene-based atrazine resistance in a resistant (R) wild radish population was also investigated. Control of S wild radish with atrazine was enhanced by up to 40% when low rates (1.0 to 1.5 g ha−1) of mesotrione were applied in combination. This synergistic response was demonstrated across a range of atrazine–mesotrione rate combinations on this S wild radish population. Further, the efficacy of 1.5 g ha−1mesotrione increased control of the R population by a further 60% when applied in combination with 400 g ha−1of atrazine. This result clearly demonstrated the synergistic interaction of these herbicides in overcoming the target-site resistance mechanism. The mechanism responsible for the observed synergistic interaction between mesotrione and atrazine remains unknown. However, it is speculated that an alternate atrazine binding site may be responsible. Regardless of the biochemical nature of this interaction, evidence from whole-plant bioassays clearly demonstrated that synergistic herbicide combinations improve herbicide efficiency, with lower application rates required to control weed populations. This, combined with the potential to overcomepsbA gene-based triazine resistance, and, thereby, regain the use of these herbicides, will result in more sustainable herbicide use.
Implements and Cultivation Frequency to Improve In-Row Weed Control in Organic Peanut Production
Authors: Johnson W. Carroll , Boudreau Mark A. , Davis Jerry W.
Published: July 2012

Weed control in organic peanut production is difficult and costly. Sweep cultivation in the row middles is effective, but weeds remain in the crop row, causing yield loss. Research trials were conducted in Ty Ty, GA to evaluate implements and frequencies of cultivation to improve in-row weed control in organic peanut. Implements were a tine weeder and power takeoff-powered brush hoe that targeted weeds present in the row. Frequencies of cultivation were at vegetative emergence of peanut (VE), 1 wk after VE (1wk), 2 wk after VE (2wk), sequential combinations of VE/1wk, VE/2wk, and VE/1wk/2wk. All plots were cultivated with a sweep cultivator to control weeds in row middles. The tine weeder tended to be easier to operate and performed more consistently than the brush hoe. Both implements performed best when initial cultivation was at VE. Delaying the initial cultivation reduced overall effectiveness. Plots with the best in-row weed control were hand-weeded once to control escapes and harvested for peanut yield. The best overall combination of weed control, minimal use of salvage hand-weeding, and maximum peanut yield resulted from sequential cultivation at VE/1wk using either the tine weeder or brush hoe, row middle sweep cultivation, and preharvest mowing.
Nicosulfuron Use with Foramsulfuron and Sulfentrazone for Late Summer Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum
Authors: McCullough Patrick E. , de Barreda Diego Gómez , Raymer Paul
Published: July 2012

Late summer goosegrass control is difficult in turfgrass as POST herbicide efficacy is reduced on mature plants. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate single and sequential nicosulfuron applications tank-mixed with foramsulfuron or sulfentrazone for late summer goosegrass control and safety to bermudagrass and seashore paspalum. All single-treatment applications controlled goosegrass < 62%, whereas sequential sulfentrazone, nicosulfuron, and nicosulfuron + sulfentrazone applications controlled goosegrass 52, 73, and 84%, respectively. Sequential foramsulfuron applications controlled goosegrass < 55% but nicosulfuron tank-mixtures did not improve control. Bermudagrass was injured < 20% by 1 and 3 wk after all single and sequential treatments. Sequential treatments of nicosulfuron alone or tank-mixed with sulfentrazone caused unacceptable seashore paspalum injury (> 20%) 1 and 3 wk after the second application, whereas foramsulfuron or sulfentrazone alone applied sequentially caused < 17% injury. Seashore paspalum seedhead control at 9 wk after intial treatment was poor (< 70%) from all single-application treatments and sequential sulfentrazone applications, but control was good (80 to 89%) to excellent (> 90%) from all other treatments. Overall, sequential treatments of nicosulfuron alone or tank-mixed with sulfentrazone appear to have potential for POST control of mature goosegrass in bermudagrass, but seashore paspalum injury was unacceptable.
Gas liquid equilibrium prediction of system (CO2-aqueous ethanol) at moderate pressure and different temperatures using PR-EOS
Authors: Hadi Jasim , Hadi Ghassan , Najmuldeen Ghazi , Ahmed Iqbal , Hasany Syed
Published: July 2012

One of the most important design considerations which should not be ignored
during the equipment designing for some industrial purpose is vapour-liquid
equilibrium (VLE). Thus, in chemical engineering, the first step is the
computation of VLE properties of materials by employing Equation of state
(EOS). In this study, we have used a thermodynamic model which was
established for binary system of carbon dioxide (1)-(2) solubility of CO2 in
aqueous ethanol and it was employed to estimate the gas-liquid equilibrium at
moderate pressures (till 6 bar) and varying temperatures (288 K to 323 K).
Peng-Robinson EOS was employed to determine the VLE properties. Mixing rules
such as vanderWaals and quadratic mixing rules were also used for the
determination of ethanol-water mixture critical parameters which entails the
pseudo-critical method as one component and results obtained from this study
were similar to the ones reported in recent literature for empirical phase
equilibrium studies.
Electronic health system: Development and implementation into the health system of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Milenkovic Dejan , Jovanovic-Milenkovic Marina , Vujin Vladimir , Aleksic Aca , Radojicic Zoran
Published: July 2012

nema
The role-share-influence of the posterior tibial slope on rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Stijak Lazar , Blagojevic Zoran , Kadija Marko , Stankovic Gordana , Djulejic Vuk , Milovanovic Darko , Filipovic Branislav
Published: July 2012

Background/Aim. Posterior tibial slope is one of the most citated factors
wich cause rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The aim of this
study was to determine the association of a greather posterior tibial slope
on the lateral condyle, that is a lesser posterior tibial slope on the medial
condyle, with ACL rupture. Methods. The patients were divided into two
groups. The study group included the patients with chronic instability of the
knee besause of a previous rupture of ACL. The control group included the
patients with knee lesion, but without ACL rupture. Posterior tibial slope
measuring was performed by sagittal MR slices supported by lateral radiograph
of the knee. We measured posterior tibial slope on lateral and medial
condyles of the tibia. Using these values we calculated an average posterior
tibial slope as well as the difference between slopes on lateral and medial
condyles. Results. Patients with ACL rupture have highly statistically
significantly greather posterior tibial slope (p < 0.01) on lateral tibial
condyle (7.1? : 4.5?) as well as statistically significantly lesser posterior
tibial slope (p < 0.05) on medial tibial condyle (5.0? : 6.6?) than patients
with intact ACL. Conclusion. Great posterior tibial slope on lateral tibial
condyle associated with the small posterior tibial slope on the medial tibial
condyle, that is a positive differentce between lateral and medial tibial
condyles are factors wich may cause ACL rupture.
Methodology of monitoring cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Bojic Tijana , Radak Djordje , Putnikovic Biljana , Alavantic Dragan , Isenovic Esma
Published: July 2012

nema
Mitral valve endocarditis during brucellosis relapse
Authors: Obrenovic-Kircanski Biljana , Velinovic Milos , Vranes Mile , Pavlovic Milorad , Kovacevic-Kostic Natasa , Karan Radmila , Parapid Biljana , Mikic Aleksandar , Ristic Arsen , Seferovic Petar
Published: July 2012

Introduction. Endocarditis is the most common cardiovascular manifestation of
brucellosis with high mortality rate. Brucella is less accesable to
antibiotic (but not for all) and relapse can occur after a various period of
clinical latency. Case report. A 55-year-old farmer was diagnozed with acute
systemic Brucella infection in May 2008 and treated with antibiotic therapy
in regional hospital for two months and for three months after discharge. He
began to feel myalgia, arthralgia, malaise, shortness of breath, abdominal
pain, vomiting, diarrhoea and lost weight eight months after initial symptoms
occured. Because symptoms progressed he was admitted to our hospital in
February 2009. Based on a combination of epidemiological, clinical data (on
admission he was catchetic, adynamic, dyspneic, hypotensive 80/50 mmHg, fever
up to 39.50C), positive serological Wright test for brucellosis (1 : 5,120),
and echocardiographic examination findings, the diagnosis of very severe
relapse of brucellosis with mitral valve endocarditis, complicated with
perforation of anterior mitral leaflet, severe mitral regurgitation and
pulmonary hypertension was established. He was treated with a combined triple
antibiotic therapy (vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, and swiched to
regimen with doxycycline, gentamicin and imipenem, replacing gentamicin by
rifampicin) for 4 weeks and for the next 2 weeks was receiving
trimetoprime/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin. The patients' condition was
improved and he was operated. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was
confirmed intraoperatively. Mitral valve replacement was performed, and
combined triple antibiotic treatment (amikacin + ciprofloxacin + cefazolin,
for 2 weeks and cephazolin + doxycycline + rifampicin, for 2 weeks) was
continued, following with two antibiotics (doxycycline + rifampicin) for 5
months. The patient completely recovered without any signs of infection 30
months postoperatively. Conclusion. A combined antibiotic therapy and surgery
reduce complications and mortality associated with Brucella endocarditis and
improve quality of patients' life.
A Case of Restrictive Dermopathy with Novel ZMPSTE24 Gene Mutation
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Kim Seo-Hee , Ji Hyun-Young , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-Young , Ki Chang-Seok , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Jong-Hwa
Published: July 2012

Fetal restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare lethal condition and should be distinguished from other syndromes characterized by fetal akinesia deformation sequence. Fetal RD shows nonspecific ultrasonographic findings, including polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membrane, and fetal growth restriction. Recently, LMNA and ZMPSTE24 were identified as causative genes offering an opportunity for prenatal genetic diagnosis. We describe a premature newborn boy who presented with rigid skin and typical facial findings. The clinical and histologic diagnosis was confirmed as RD. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a compound heterozygous mutation of the ZMPSTE24 gene.
Mutations in Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl Coenzyme a Dehydrogenase are Associated with Placental Maternal Floor Infarction/Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition
Authors: Griffin Adrienne Carruth , Strauss Arnold W. , Bennett Michael J. , Ernst Linda M.
Published: July 2012

Maternal floor infarction/massive perivillous fibrin deposition (MFI/MPVFD) of the placenta has an unclear etiology. The placenta of an 8-month-old child diagnosed with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency reportedly showed MFI, but no further evidence of a direct association between MFI/MPVFD and LCHAD deficiency has been documented. Three cases of MFI/MPVFD were studied. Paraffin blocks of placental tissue were retrieved, tissue scrolls were harvested, and DNA was extracted. The alpha-subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein containing the LCHAD coding region (HADHA) was subsequently amplified using specific primer sets and directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. All 3 placentas demonstrated heterozygous mutations in the HADHA gene. A sample from a 25-4/7 week gestation growth-restricted female infant revealed a heterozygous mutation in exon 11, 1072C>A (glutamine to lysine, Qln358Lys) with a heterozygous sequence difference in the intron following exon 6 (insertion of a T at position +9, +9insT). The 2nd sample from a 32-4/7 week gestation stillborn fetus revealed a heterozygous mutation (+3A>G after exon 3) and a clear homozygous sequence difference in exon 17. The 3rd sample from a 31 weeks gestation infant revealed heterozygosity for the+3A>G mutation after exon 3. All 3 placentas with MFI/MPVFD demonstrated heterozygous mutations in the HADHA gene, and 2 of the 3 placentas had 2 DNA changes. Given a background incidence of heterozygosity for LCHAD mutations of approximately 1 in 220, these findings lend support to the hypothesis that LCHAD mutations may be directly associated with and potentially causative of MFI/MPVFD.
Microstructure – wear performance relationship of hypoeutectic 15% Cr-2% Mo white iron
Authors: Reda Reham , Nofal Adel A. , Ibrahim Khaled M. , Hussien Abdel-Hamid A.
Published: July 2012

This research studies the effect of dynamic solidification, niobium addition, and their combined action on the as-cast structure and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic 15% Cr-2% Mo white cast irons containing 2.5% C. The effect of heat treatment at different tempering temperatures was also studied. Investigations were performed by means of image analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Abrasion resistance and impact toughness tests were performed. Fracture and worn surfaces were studied. Results show that optimized abrasion resistance and impact toughness can be achieved in a homogeneous microstructure consisting of hard, fine, and non-interconnected carbides in a matrix that has a high fraction of metastable austenite.
The enhancement of wear properties of squeeze-cast A356 composites reinforced with B4C particulates
Authors: Mazahery Ali , Shabani Mohsen Ostad
Published: July 2012

In the present study, squeeze-cast A356 matrix composites reinforced with B4C particles were prepared and different volume fractions of B4C particles of various sizes were incorporated into the aluminum alloy by a mechanical stirrer.

Wear properties of the unreinforced alloy and composites with different vol.% of boron carbide particles were measured and compared. It is noted that composites exhibit better wear resistance compared to the unreinforced alloy. According to the differences in wear rates of the composites, two separate wear-rate regimes were identified as low- and high-wear-rate regimes.

It is observed that all the composite samples reinforced with 1 μm B4C particles show high wear-rate, regardless of the particle volume fraction. However, none of the samples containing 50 μm particles display this type of wear regime. Microscopic examination using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer, was carried out on the worn surfaces, subsurfaces, and debris. Rough and smooth regions are distinguished on the worn surface of the composites similar to the unreinforced alloy.
Structural and optical investigation of gadolinia-doped ceria powders prepared by polymer complex solution method
Authors: Antić Željka , Krsmanović Radenka M. , Marinović-Cincović Milena , Mitrić Miodrag , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: July 2012

We present a polymer complex solution method using a modified combustion synthesis procedure, for the production of well crystalline, sub-micron gadolinia-doped ceria powders of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 composition. Polyethylene glycol of two different molecular weights (200 and 20000) was used as both fuel for the combustion and nucleating agent for the crystallization process. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and optical and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The powders are quite similar, fully crystallized in a cubic fluorite-type phase with average crystallite size of about 70 nm and average particle size in the range 220–240 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra show the absorption edge at 3.26 eV. The presence of oxygen vacancies, confirmed indirectly by clear violet emission observed at 428 nm, originated from the 5D1 → 4F1 transition of Ce3+ions.
Performance of Some Introduced Hybrid Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Varieties in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. M. A. , Begum S. , Uddin M. F. , Azad M. A. K. , Sharmeen F.
Published: July 2012

An experiment was conducted at the Regional Cotton Research Farm, Jagadishpur, Jessore during 2009-10 to evaluate six cotton varieties. Among them, four were hybrid cotton varieties and another two were inbreeds taken as control. Significant differences were found among the varieties for all traits except number of plants/ha and plant height at harvest. Hybrid variety SSC-3 performed well in terms of seed cotton yield (3570.33 kg/ha), lint yield (1404 kg/ha) and ginning out turn (GOT) percentage (43.83%). The highest 2.5% span length (31.44 mm) was found in hybrid HSC-4 and the lowest micronaire value of 3.87 mµ was found in hybrid SSC-2.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11059The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 10-15
Impact of Price and Price Variability on Acreage Allocation in Rice and Wheat Production in Bangladesh
Authors: Barmon Basanta Kumar , Chaudhury Muntasir
Published: July 2012

The present study was conducted to estimate the impacts of price and price variability on acreage allocation of rice and wheat production in Bangladesh. Time series data of price and acreage allocation of rice and wheat production during 1983-84 to 2007-08, collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) were used in this study. Compound growth rate and Nerlovian models were used. The study indicated that the wholesale price of rice and wheat had significant impact on the allocation of land for rice and wheat production. Significant price variability was found both in case of rice and wheat crop in short-run (SR) and long-run (LR). The values of Nerlovian coefficients of adjustment were found low, which means that although the farmers were adjusting to the changing levels of price, price variability, yield, etc the adjustment was not rapid. Therefore, it may be concluded that the price of rice and wheat should be adjusted rapidly along with allocation of rice and wheat production in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11061The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 23-30
Status of Internet use for Higher Education and Research in Agricultural Sciences
Authors: Zaman M. A. , Hossain S. M. Iqbal
Published: July 2012

A study was conducted to explore the role of internet on higher education and research at two selected public universities in Bangladesh, which offer courses on Agricultural Sciences. One hundred and fifty eight teachers and 79 post-graduate students were interviewed based on questionnaires. It was found that 90.8% teachers had internet connectivity and they used internet on regular basis to search relevant websites and download the selected course contents. All the teachers agreed that adequate and reliable information on different topics of Agricultural Sciences can be obtained through internet, which can be used for academic and research purposes. Use of internet by the students is being gradually increased in public universities. The universities are expanding the internet facilities to increase services to the teaching and learning communities. Digitization of libraries and internet links between the public universities libraries are in progress.  It is expected that the use of internet would bring significant changes in higher education and research systems of developing nations and the institutions of higher education would attain a global standard. Development of education in these countries are badly influenced by limited resource and poor finance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11063The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 38-45