bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Scholar Leadership in the Modernization of Pesantren Management
Authors: Zainab Iin , Suhermanto Suhermanto
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to analyze and examine the role of the kiai as the head of an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) in modernizing its management practices to ensure the achievement of the institution's vision and mission. The study uses a qualitative research methodology with a case study approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzing it through data reduction, data display, and verification. The research focuses on understanding the kiai's leadership patterns in the context of modernization, revealing that this leadership is characterized by exemplary behavior (Uswah Hasanah), concern for subordinates, and a strong emphasis on service-oriented training. The findings contribute to the discourse on how pesantren can adapt traditional educational models to modern management practices while preserving their cultural and religious values.
The Role of Sosial, and Emotional Learning (SEL) in Improving Student Wellbeing and Academic Success
Authors: Nisa Khoirun , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on the role of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) in improving students' mental well-being and academic performance. The main objective of this study is to understand how the implementation of Social-Emotional Learning programs can affect students' emotional states and educational outcomes. Evaluate the extent to which the Social-Emotional Learning program can help students manage stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve academic performance. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with the head of madrasah, teachers, curriculum deputy head, student guardians, and students. Data analysis was done thematically to identify the main themes related to the effects of the Social-Emotional Learning program. The results showed that the Social-Emotional Learning program significantly improved students' mental well-being, which had a positive impact on motivation, learning focus, and academic achievement. In addition, students involved in Social-Emotional Learning programs can better recognize and manage emotions, which can reduce stress and anxiety levels. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating Social-Emotional Learning programs into the education curriculum to create a more inclusive learning environment that supports student development and achieves holistic and comprehensive education outcomes.
The Role of Al-Quran Literacy in Deepening Understanding of Islamic Religious Education
Authors: Nurkholifah Siti
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on the role of Al-Qur’an literacy in deepening students’ understanding of Islamic Religious Education and developing their moral and ethical character. This research explores how Al-Qur’an literacy functions as a reading skill and a tool for developing critical, reflective thinking and a holistic understanding of Islamic teachings. This research uses qualitative methods, including interviews, observation, and documentation techniques, to explore Al-Qur’an literacy experiences, perceptions, and practices at Middle School. The research results show that Al-Qur’an literacy significantly impacts understanding Islamic Religious Education material and developing students’ character. However, this research also identified challenges in implementation, such as a need for more time allocation in the curriculum and variations in reading skill levels among students. The implications of this research emphasize the need for adaptive learning strategies and additional support to increase the effectiveness of Al-Qur’an literacy in religious education.
Power Equalizing Model for Financial Equity in Education Based on Islamic Values
Authors: Syahrul Andry
Published: September 2024

This research explores how the power-equalizing model in educational financial management can increase fund allocation efficiency and transparency by integrating key elements, including stakeholder participation, the use of technology, and innovative economic management strategies. The research method involved interviews with participants, educators, educational managers, and technology developers to identify best practices and challenges faced in implementing this model. The findings show that the power equalizing model in financial management can improve transparency and accountability in fund management. Still, stakeholder coordination and technology adaptation challenges need to be addressed further. The conclusions of this research emphasize the importance of integrating innovative elements in educational and financial management to achieve better efficiency and fair allocation of funds.
Optimizing Pedagogy through Gamification: A Scientific Approach to Enhancing Student Motivation in Madrasah
Authors: Ilmiyah Sumrotul
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on optimizing pedagogy through gamification as a scientific approach to increasing student motivation in madrasas. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of gamification elements in the learning process and how this can influence student motivation and engagement. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, class observations, and content analysis. Research findings show that implementing gamification significantly increases student motivation, primarily through the dynamic engagement generated by game elements such as challenges, point systems, and rewards. Students who engage in gamification-based learning show increased active participation and a greater desire to achieve academic goals. The implications of this research highlight the importance of integrating appropriate gamification elements in madrasa curricula to create a more interactive and motivating learning environment and the challenges that need to be considered regarding adapting gamification to diverse learning styles.
Quantum dark energy in a seven-dimensional universe
Authors: Kesanasetty Sasidhar
Published: September 2024

This paper explains the dark energy and acceleration of the universe by quantizing the space in hidden dimensions, which provides the basis and background for the gravitational force. Space-time is considered to be made of a four-dimensional elastic grid in a seven-dimensional universe in which matter also expands along with the universe. Each cube of the grid is viewed as a quantum of hidden three-dimensional space of Planck volume containing Planck charge, making the universe seven-dimensional. The dark energy is explained by the electrostatic repulsion between Planck charges in each quantum of the hidden space, and the respective energy density is related to the Hubble parameter H(z) to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe and the increase in the relative cosmological potential energy/rest mass of matter. Expansion of space-time is considered not due to the creation of the new space but due to the stretching of the existing space-time itself like an elastic ruler where the proper length and volume remain constant. The relative values of the Planck constant, gravitational constant, permittivity of free space, and Boltzmann constant are shown to vary owing to the expansion or contraction of space in the cosmological and gravitational frameworks but are compensated for by the proportional change in the relative rest mass. This theory also builds a preliminary framework for the relativistic Newtonian theory of gravity, the respective MONDian (Modified Newtonian dynamics) gravity, and explains the dynamics of galaxy clusters without dark matter.
DAYA TARIK PENUMPANG TERHADAP TRANSPORTASI KERETA CEPAT WHOOSH
Authors: Nurwijayanti Utari
Published: September 2024

This study aims to measure and analyze the level of public attraction to the Whoosh Experience Program, as well as its impact on increasing awareness and interest in the presence of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Train service. Based on data on the number of tickets sold, it can be seen that the level of public attraction is always increasing. The survey results also show high public interest in the presence of this fast train. A smart marketing strategy is the key to KCIC's success in increasing public appeal to choose to use their services. A well-planned strategy, a way of communicating the product to the public that is considered attractive and the price policy decision set is well received among the public, especially users of public transportation services. This success is the basis for the Whoosh fast train to become one of the results of the development of technological projects from the public transportation sector in Indonesia and create an attraction that can be enjoyed by the entire community.
Rectal prolapse (62.2, 62.3), adults
Authors: Shelygin Yu. A. , Achkasov S. I. , Alyoshin D. V. , Biryukov O. M. , Groshilin V. S. , Kashnikov V. N. , Kostarev I. V. , Kostenko N. V. , Moskalev A. I. , Mudrov A. A. , Muravyov A. V. , Oleinik N. V. , Polovinkin V. V. , Тimerbulatov V. M. , Titov A. Yu. , Fomenko O. Yu. , Frolov S. A. , Khitaryan A. G.
Published: September 2024

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Internet-based infrastructures and online architectural education on design studios: perceived instructional strategies and students engagement
Authors: Baigi Fatemeh , Yeganeh Mansour , Bemanian Mohammadreza
Published: September 2024

The current study investigated the impact of perceived instructional strategies in online design studios on student engagement as a multidimensional construct. Given the rapid shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding effective teaching strategies and their impacts on student engagement is crucial for enhancing overall student outcomes. The study also examined the role of learning motivation as a mediator in these relationships. A mixed-methods approach was employed, measuring a second-order construct of student engagement based on three reflective dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Qualitative interviews with instructors revealed three main instructional strategies utilized in online design studios: learning by doing, learning with interaction, and learning from feedback. The present study analyzed self-report survey responses from 230 undergraduate architecture students across four major universities in Iran, utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Based on the results, the perceived learning by doing (PLD) and learning with interaction (PLI) significantly improve student engagement. In contrast, the perceived learning from feedback (PLF) fails to influence student engagement directly. Additionally, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation mediated the impact of PLI and PLF on student engagement. These findings highlight the importance of effective instructional strategies in online design studios. Additionally, the results provide valuable insights for future pedagogical practices in online education, offering guidance for instructors aiming to enhance student outcomes in this dynamic learning environment.
Digital literacy games: a systematic literature review
Authors: De La Hera Teresa , Sanz Laura Cañete , Sierra Nuria Navarro , Jansz Jeroen , Kneer Julia , Glas René , van Vught Jasper
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review of academic publications about digital literacy games. We have analyzed a total of 30 papers and book chapters published in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch between 2005 and 2021 and stored in Scopus. The results of this literature review report on: (1) the topics of the games discussed in the publications; (2) the digital literacy competencies supported by the games studied in the publications; (3) the effects of these games; and (4) ten game design considerations for digital literacy games collected from the results of the publications. This paper also provides detailed access to the original sources by reporting on which paper addressed what.
Cardiac involvement in Anderson–Fabry disease. The role of advanced echocardiography
Authors: Spinelli Letizia , Bianco Antonio , Riccio Eleonora , Pisani Antonio , Iaccarino Guido
Published: September 2024

Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is a lysosomal storage disorder, depending on defects in alpha galactosidase A activity, due to a mutation in the galactosidase alpha gene. Cardiovascular involvement represents the leading cause of death in AFD. Cardiac imaging plays a key role in the evaluation and management of AFD patients. Echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for the identification of the typical features of AFD cardiomyopathy. Advanced echocardiography that allows assessment of myocardial deformation has provided insights into the cardiac functional status of AFD patients. The present review highlights the value and the perspectives of advanced ultrasound imaging in AFD.
Comparison of electrocardiogram parameters and echocardiographic response between distinct left bundle branch area pacing modes in heart failure patients
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Wei , Chen Keping , Lian Zhexun
Published: August 2024

Background

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has become an alternative method for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Various modes of LBBAP have been determined, including left bundle trunk pacing (LBTP), left anterior branch pacing (LAFP) and left posterior branch pacing (LPFP). However, whether the outcomes of various pacing modes differ in heart failure (HF) patients is still unclear. This study aimed to compare the electrophysiological characteristics and echocardiographic response rate among those distinct modes of LBBAP.

Methods

HF patients undergoing successful LBBAP were retrospectively included. Distinct modes of pacing were determined based on paced QRS morphology. The fluoroscopic images were collected to compare the lead tip position between the groups. The electrocardiograms (ECG) before and after LBBAP were used to measure the depolarization (QRS duration [QRSd] and the interventricular delay [IVD]), and the repolarization parameters [QTc, TpeakTend(TpTe), and TpTe/QTc]. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) of patients were also recorded. In addition, the lead parameters and certain complications were compared.

Results

A total of 64 HF patients were finally included, consisting of 16 (25.0%) patients in the LBTP group, 22 (34.4%) patients in the LAFP group, and 26 (40.6%) patients in the LPFP group. The distribution features of LBBAP lead tips were significantly related to pacing modes: LBTP was more likely to be in zone 4 while LAFP or LPFP was prone to locate in zone 5. After LBBAP, the ventricular ECG parameters were significantly improved, regardless of pacing modes. Besides, the LVEF of the patients was significantly increased (P < 0.001), and LVEDD was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the response rate and super-response rate among groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the lead parameters remained stable and no significant difference was observed among groups.

Conclusion

LPFP was the main pacing mode among HF patients after LBBAP. The paced QRS morphology was significantly related to the position of lead tips. After LBBAP, the ventricular depolarization synchronization and repolarization stability were both significantly improved, regardless of pacing modes. There was no significant difference in the echocardiographic response rate among distinct LBBAP modes.
Seismic risk assessment based on residential building stock and field survey results: a case study of 3 cities in Shanxi Province
Authors: Wenhua Qi , Chaoxu Xia , Jie Zhang , Gaozhong Nie , Huayue Li
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Buildings that collapse or are damaged by earthquakes are responsible for the majority of earthquake-related casualties. High-precision building data are the key to improving the accuracy of risk assessments of earthquake disaster loss. Many countries and regions have also proposed varying regional building exposure models, but most of these models are still based on administrative-level (city or county) statistical data; furthermore, they cannot accurately reflect the differences among buildings in different towns or villages.

Methods

Although field investigation-based “township to township” methods can obtain more accurate building inventory data, considering costs and timeliness, remote sensing and other diverse data should be combined to acquire building data. Based on the field survey data of three cities in shanxi Province, combined with Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) data, this study is conducted on building inventory data. Data regarding the proportion of each building type and corresponding lethality level in each township are obtained based on the classification of building height, and the overall lethality level at the building level and township level is calculated on this basis.

Results

The fitting results between the calculated results and the field survey results are good, the error is within 0.15, and the fitting R2 values of Xian, Baoji and Ankang are 0.6552, 0.5788 and 0.5937, respectively. Therefore, an earthquake disaster loss risk assessment is conducted based on the building level.

Discussion

The findings indicate that the risk of casualties caused by the same building type can vary by city. Generally, the areas with high disaster loss risk in the three cities are distributed mainly in urban areas; the disaster loss risk in the newly built areas of each city is relatively low. According to the quantitative assessment results for each city, Xi’an has the highest loss risk, while Baoji and Ankang have the same loss risk. Based on the method constructed in this paper, we can realize the quantitative assessment of earthquake disaster loss risk at the building level to better target pre-earthquake emergency preparation and post-earthquake auxiliary decision-making.
Causal pathways in preeclampsia: a Mendelian randomization study in European populations
Authors: Tan Zilong , Ding Mengdi , Shen Jianwu , Huang Yuxiao , Li Junru , Sun Aochuan , Hong Jing , Yang Yan , He Sheng , Pei Chao , Luo Ran
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Our study utilizes Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationships between a range of risk factors and preeclampsia, a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Methods

Employing the Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) approach, we conducted a comprehensive multi-exposure MR study analyzing genetic variants linked to 25 risk factors including metabolic disorders, circulating lipid levels, immune and inflammatory responses, lifestyle choices, and bone metabolism. We applied rigorous statistical techniques such as sensitivity analyses, Cochran’s Q test, MR Egger regression, funnel plots, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to address potential biases like pleiotropy and population stratification.

Results

Our analysis included 267,242 individuals, focusing on European ancestries and involving 2,355 patients with preeclampsia. We identified strong genetic associations linking increased preeclampsia risk with factors such as hyperthyroidism, BMI, type 2 diabetes, and elevated serum uric acid levels. Conversely, no significant causal links were found with gestational diabetes, total cholesterol, sleep duration, and bone mineral density, suggesting areas for further investigation. A notable finding was the causal relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and increased preeclampsia risk, highlighting the significant role of immune and inflammatory responses.

Conclusion

This extensive MR study sheds light on the complex etiology of preeclampsia, underscoring the causal impact of specific metabolic, lipid, immune, lifestyle, and bone metabolism factors. Our findings advocate for a multidimensional approach to better understand and manage preeclampsia, paving the way for future research to develop targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Challenges and Opportunities of Carbon Capture and Utilization: Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Ethylene
Authors: Pappijn Cato A. R. , Ruitenbeek Matthijs , Reyniers Marie-Françoise , Van Geem Kevin M.
Published: September 2024

The discovery and development of efficient technologies that enable the use of CO2 as a starting material for chemical synthesis (at scale) is probably one of the biggest scientific challenges of our time. But a key question is if the cure will not be worse than the disease? In this work, the economic feasibility of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene is assessed and it is demonstrated that from a Capital expenditure and Operational expenditure point of view the electrochemical production of ethylene from CO2 is not feasible under the current market conditions. Even in the case that the renewable electricity price would be zero, the feasibility is hampered by the state-of-the-art catalyst performance (selectivity) and the cost of the electrochemical reactor. Turning the installation on and off, if this would be even practically possible, is not interesting because our study shows that because of the high Capital expenditure, the payback time of the process would become unacceptably high. Finally, because of the high electricity requirement, this Carbon Capture and Utilization process has a lower CO2 avoidance potential than the substitution of gray electricity by green electricity. This means that today the available green electricity would best be used to close coal and gas based power plants instead of powering the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethylene.
The effect of mosses on the relocation of SOC and total N due to soil erosion and percolation in a disturbed temperate forest
Authors: Gall Corinna , Nebel Martin , Scholten Thomas , Seitz Steffen
Published: September 2024

Forests cover one-third of the global land and are important components of carbon and nitrogen cycling. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest road systems or skid trails for timber harvesting, can dramatically change the nutrient cycling in these ecosystems. Skid trails increase soil erosion and thus the displacement of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Nt). Additionally, runoff transports high amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. One of the most important countermeasures against soil erosion is the quick recolonization of vegetation. To date, the extent to which natural vegetation succession influences the relocation of SOC and Nt, and in particular the role of mosses in this context, has not been well investigated. This study investigates the influence of natural vegetation succession and in particular of mosses on the displacement process of SOC and Nt as well as DOC caused by soil erosion. To this end, we combine the results of a field study using in-situ rainfall simulations with small-scale runoff plots in skid trails of the Schönbuch Nature Park in southwestern Germany with the results of ex-situ rainfall simulation experiments with infiltration boxes containing the substrate from the respective skid trails. The eroded sediments of skid trails were on average enriched in SOC by 16% and in Nt by 35% compared to the original soil, which lead to a decrease of the C/N ratio in sediments. As vegetation succession progressed, the displacement of SOC and Nt was reduced, confirmed by a negative correlation between the enrichment ratios of SOC (ERSOC), Nt and total vegetation cover. However, mosses tended to reduce ERSOC more than vascular plants. Additionally, mosses significantly decreased DOC concentration in surface runoff compared to bare soils, while no difference in DOC concentration in percolated water could be observed. Future research should explore the role of mosses in the storage of SOC and Nt in the soil and their impact on soil stability. Thus, utilizing mosses could potentially minimize environmental impacts from soil disturbances in forests.
Elucidating the role of hepatic enzymes in spontaneous abortion: a Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Zhu Yingping , Li Zhenghong , Liu Xingfang , Wen Chengping
Published: September 2024

Background

While the hepatic enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) are crucial for liver function, their role in Spontaneous Abortion (SA) has not been thoroughly explored. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR), this study aims to clarify the putative causal relationship between AST/ALT levels and SA.

Methods

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for SA (finn-b-O15_ABORT_SPONTAN), AST (ukb-d-30650_raw), and ALT (ukb-d-30620_raw) were acquired from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit OpenGWAS database. Bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, Weighted Mode, and Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) algorithms, and the robustness of MR results was assessed through sensitivity analyses including Heterogeneity, Horizontal Pleiotropy, and Leave-One-Out (LOO) tests. The causal role of AST and ALT’s coaction in SA was explored via multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis.

Results

The MR results via the IVW algorithm revealed a causal relation between both AST and ALT and SA (AST: P = 0.013; ALT: P = 0.017), identifying them as risk factors for SA (AST: odd ratio (OR) = 1.019; ALT: OR = 1.012). Sensitivity analysis substantiated the reliability of these results. Moreover, not notably causality was found between SA and AST/ALT (P > 0.05). Through MVMR analysis, AST and ALT demonstrated functional complementarity in the occurrence of SA, attributable to counterbalanced causalities (AST: P = 0.128; ALT: P = 0.899).

Conclusion

The study substantiates a causal linkage between transaminase levels and SA, enhancing our understanding of their biological interaction and the regulatory mechanisms at play. These insights could have implications for identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SA.
Role of myeloid cells in mediating the effects of lipids on ulcerative colitis
Authors: Xiao Jinyin , Guo Xiajun , Li Keya , Luo Wenpeng , Lin Youwei , Lu Wenhong , Wang Zhenquan
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the causal relationship between lipids and ulcerative colitis (UC) through Mendelian Randomization (MR), and to further investigate the involvement of immune cells in mediating this process.

Methods

Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of individuals with European ancestry, we analyzed the causal link between 179 lipid types and UC (2,569 UC cases and 453,779 controls) through Two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) and Bayesian-weighted MR (BWMR). Based on this, a mediation screening of 731 immune cell phenotypes was conducted to identify exposure and mediator factors. Lastly, the role and proportion of immune cells in mediating the causal effects of lipids on UC were assessed via reverse MR (RMR) and two-step MR.

Results

The results of MR showed that there was a causal relationship between the six genetically predicted lipid types and UC (P <0.05), and the four immune cell phenotypes were identified as mediators of the association between lipids and UC. Notably, Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0_0:0) served as the exposure factor, and myeloid cells CD11b on CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14dim acted as the mediator. Mediation analysis showed that CD11b on CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14dim had a mediation effect of -0.0205 between PC (16:0_0:0) and UC, with the mediation effect ratio at 15.38%.

Conclusion

Our findings elucidate the causal effect of lipids on UC and identify the significant mediating role of myeloid cells CD11b on CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14dim in regulating UC through PC (16:0_0:0), offering new pathways and strategies for UC clinical treatment.
Effects of simulated space conditions on CD4+ T cells: a multi modal analysis
Authors: Miranda Silvana , Vermeesen Randy , Janssen Ann , Rehnberg Emil , Etlioglu Emre , Baatout Sarah , Tabury Kevin , Baselet Bjorn
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The immune system is an intricate network of cellular components that safeguards against pathogens and aberrant cells, with CD4+ T cells playing a central role in this process. Human space travel presents unique health challenges, such as heavy ion ionizing radiation, microgravity, and psychological stress, which can collectively impede immune function. The aim of this research was to examine the consequences of simulated space stressors on CD4+ T cell activation, cytokine production, and gene expression.

Methods

CD4+ T cells were obtained from healthy individuals and subjected to Fe ion particle radiation, Photon irradiation, simulated microgravity, and hydrocortisone, either individually or in different combinations. Cytokine levels for Th1 and Th2 cells were determined using multiplex Luminex assays, and RNA sequencing was used to investigate gene expression patterns and identify essential genes and pathways impacted by these stressors.

Results

Simulated microgravity exposure resulted in an apparent Th1 to Th2 shift, evidenced on the level of cytokine secretion as well as altered gene expression. RNA sequencing analysis showed that several gene pathways were altered, particularly in response to Fe ions irradiation and simulated microgravity exposures. Individually, each space stressor caused differential gene expression, while the combination of stressors revealed complex interactions.

Discussion

The research findings underscore the substantial influence of the space exposome on immune function, particularly in the regulation of T cell responses. Future work should focus expanding the limited knowledge in this field. Comprehending these modifications will be essential for devising effective strategies to safeguard the health of astronauts during extended space missions.

Conclusion

The effects of simulated space stressors on CD4+ T cell function are substantial, implying that space travel poses a potential threat to immune health. Additional research is necessary to investigate the intricate relationship between space stressors and to develop effective countermeasures to mitigate these consequences.
Impacts of oyster farms on sediment-associated mercury and methylmercury concentrations and health risks in an estuarine, mangrove forest, Zhanjiang Bay, China
Authors: Zhao Zike , Chen Chunliang , Feng Mengqian
Published: September 2024

Estuarine sediments serve as significant reservoirs for mercury (Hg) and methylmercury(MeHg), which can also interconvert in the external environment. The release of Hg in response to human activities raises concerns about its potential ecological and human health effects. Sediment samples were collected in December 2021 from four locations (sites), and Hg cycling by measuring the concentrations of, and controls on, the spatial distribution of total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in high-tidal zone (HTZ) and mid-tidal zone (MTZ) sediments of a mangrove forest (MF) and oyster farm (OF) was examined in northwestern Zhanjiang Bay, including simultaneous determination of sediment particle size, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), sulfide concentration (S2-), and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The research results indicated that concentrations of both THg and MeHg ranged between 20.0–104.0 ng/g and 0.011–0.277 ng/g in the sediments, respectively. The highest methylation potentials within the MF and OF were in sediments located approximately 10–15 cm below the surface. MeHg in the HTZ of the OF was likely derived from exogenous inputs as Hg methylation appears limited, and the formation of MeHg depended not only on the amount of inorganic mercury available for methylation in SRB, but also on the TOC, pH, Eh and S2- content in the sediment. A risk assessment of MeHg during the anthropogenic disturbance of this estuaries conducted on individuals eating oysters demonstrated that health risks are low.
Targeting Death Receptor 5 (DR5) for the imaging and treatment of primary bone and soft tissue tumors: an update of the literature
Authors: Gamie Zakareya , Krippner-Heidenreich Anja , Gerrand Craig , Rankin Kenneth Samora
Published: September 2024

Background

Death Receptor 5 (DR5) is expressed on the surface of primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma cells, and its activation induces cell death primarily through apoptosis. The combination of DR5 agonists and commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, can promote cell death. Currently, clinical trials are investigating the effectiveness of DR5 activation using new biological agents, such as bi-specific or tetravalent antibodies, in improving the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory cancers. Furthermore, investigations continue into the use of novel combination therapies to enhance DR5 response, for example, with inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist agents [such as the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics] and with immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) or anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies. Other therapies include nanoparticle-mediated delivery of TRAIL plasmid DNA or TRAIL mRNA and stem cells as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents, such as TRAIL, to the tumor.

Methods

Scoping review of the literature from November 2017 to March 2024, utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results

New agents under investigation include nanoTRAIL, anti-Kv10.1, multimeric IgM, and humanized tetravalent antibodies. Developments have been made to test novel agents, and imaging has been used to detect DR5 in preclinical models and patients. The models include 3D spheroids, genetically modified mouse models, a novel jaw osteosarcoma model, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal models. There are currently two ongoing clinical trials focusing on the activation of DR5, namely, IGM-8444 and INBRX-109, which have progressed to phase 2. Further modifications of TRAIL delivery with fusion to single-chain variable fragments (scFv-TRAIL), directed against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and in the use of stem cells focus on targeted TRAIL delivery to cancer cells using bi-functional strategies.

Conclusion

In vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, as well as advances in imaging and theranostics, indicate that targeting DR5 remains a valid strategy in the treatment of some relapsed and refractory cancers.
Systemic immune-inflammatory markers and long-term prognosis after revascularization in Moyamoya disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Shuang , Liu Wei , Zhai Yuanren , Liu Chenglong , Ge Peicong , Zhang Dong
Published: September 2024

Background

Systemic immune-inflammatory markers combine various individual inflammatory cell parameters to comprehensively explore their relationship with the development and long-term outcomes of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and oncological disorders. The systemic immune-inflammatory marker index has not been extensively studied in terms of its impact on the long-term prognosis following cerebral revascularization in MMD patients. Our research aims to address this gap and improve the prediction of long-term outcomes for these patients.

Methods

We included 851 patients with Moyamoya disease who underwent cerebral revascularization at our medical center from 2009 to 2021. Systemic immune-inflammatory markers were calculated based on routine blood test results at admission, and follow-up was conducted for over 6 months after surgery. During monitoring and upon release, we evaluated patient neurological condition by utilizing the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We examined the correlation between alterations in mRS ratings and systemic immune-inflammatory markers.

Results

Comparing the unfavorable long-term prognosis group to the favorable long-term prognosis group, it was found that the NLR level was markedly higher (p = 0.037), while the LMR was lower in the unfavorable long-term prognosis group (p = 0.004). Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that the high-level LMR group had a lower risk of unfavorable long-term prognosis compared to the low-level group (T3: OR = 0.433, 95% CI [0.204–0.859], p = 0.026). The AUC of the model was 0.750 (95% CI [0.693–0.806]).

Conclusion

Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio levels are independently linked to an increased risk of unfavorable long-term prognosis, highlighting LMR as a new and effective predictor for postoperative Moyamoya patients.
The L-shaped relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index and sarcopenic obesity in elderly adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu He , Chen Xiyi , Shi Zhengqing , Liu Jieyu , Meng Ziqi , Zheng Chenguo , Zhou Chongjun
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to examine the associations of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) with sarcopenic obesity (SO) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods

Data were gathered from NHANES between 2001 and 2004. To examine the relationship between CDAI and the occurrence of SO, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Subgroup analyses were performed to demonstrate the stability of the results. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the non-linear correlations.

Results

A total of 2,333 elderly individuals were included in the study. In the multivariate logistic regression crude model, we revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.928 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.891–0.965, p < 0.001] for the correlation between CDAI and SO. The ORs were 0.626 (95% CI, 0.463–0.842) and 0.487 (95% CI, 0.354–0.667) for CDAI tertiles 2 and 3, respectively (p for trend <0.001), after full adjustment. The subgroup analysis findings demonstrated a reliable and enduring connection between CDAI and SO across various subgroups. However, the strength of the correlation between CDAI and SO was significantly affected by diabetes (p for interaction = 0.027). Moreover, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship.

Conclusion

The present study identified an L-shaped correlation between CDAI and SO in elderly participants’ demographics. The implications of these findings were significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines.
Identification and validation of potential prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma via the mesenchymal stem cell infiltration level
Authors: Wang Shengyu , Mao Senlin , Li Xiaofu , Yang Dan , Zhou Yinglian , Yue Hui , Li Bing , Li Wei , Li Chengyun , Zhang Xuemei
Published: September 2024

Aims

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key components in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) progression. This study aimed to explore new therapeutic targets and related pathogenic mechanisms based on different MSCs infiltration levels in GBM patients.

Methods

We estimated the relationship between cell infiltration and prognosis of GBM. Subsequently, key risk genes were identified and prognostic models were constructed by LASSO-Cox analysis. The risk genes were validated by five independent external cohorts, single-cell RNA analysis, and immunohistochemistry of human GBM tissues. TIDE analysis predicted responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in different risk groups.

Results

The MSCs infiltration level was negatively associated with survival in GBM patients. LOXL1, LOXL4, and GUCA1A are key risk genes that promote GBM progression and may act through complex intercellular communication.

Conclusion

This research has provided a comprehensive study for exploring the MSCs infiltration environment on GBM progression, which could shed light on novel biomarkers and mechanisms involved in GBM progression.
Evaluating renal injury characteristics in different rat models of hyperuricemia and elucidating pathological molecular mechanisms via serum metabolomics
Authors: Liu Mengwen , Shen Jing , Chen Xuanshi , Dawuti Tuerxunayi , Xiao Hui
Published: September 2024

Hyperuricemia has emerged as a significant global health concern, closely associated with various metabolic disorders. The adverse effects frequently observed with current pharmacological treatments for hyperuricemia highlight the urgent need for reliable animal models to elucidate the disease’s pathophysiological mechanisms, thereby facilitating the development of safer and more effective therapies. In this study, we established three rat models of hyperuricemia using potassium oxonate, either alone or in combination with fructose and adenine. Each model exhibited distinct pathological changes, with the combination of potassium oxonate, fructose, and adenine causing significantly more severe damage to liver and kidney functions than potassium oxonate alone. Serum metabolomics analyses revealed profound dysregulation in the metabolic pathways of purine, pyrimidines, and glutathione, underscoring the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the progression of hyperuricemia. We identified key biomarkers such as orotidine, ureidosuccinic acid, uracil, and pseudouridine, which are associated with uric acid-induced damage to hepatic and renal systems. MetOrigin tracing analysis further revealed that differential metabolites related to hyperuricemia are primarily involved in host-microbiome co-metabolic pathways, particularly in purine metabolism, with bacterial phyla such as Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Ascomycota being closely linked to the critical metabolic processes of uric acid production. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying hyperuricemia but also provide a robust experimental model foundation for the development of innovative treatment strategies.
Embryonic heat conditioning increases lipolytic gene expression in broiler chicks at day 4 post-hatch
Authors: Sulaiman Usman , Vaughan Reagan S. , Siegel Paul , Liu Dongmin , Gilbert Elizabeth Ruth , Cline Mark Andrew
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Exposure to elevated temperatures during incubation is known to induce epigenetic changes that are associated with immunological and stress-response differences at a later age. Reports on its effects on the adipose tissue are still scarce. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of embryonic heat conditioning (EHC) on growth, adipose tissue mRNA and global DNA methylation in broiler chicks at day 4 post-hatch.

Methods

Fertile eggs were divided into two groups: control and EHC. Eggs in the control group were incubated at 37.8°C and 80% relative humidity from day 0 to day 18.5 (E0 to E18.5). The EHC eggs were subjected to an intermittent increase in temperature to 39.5°C and 80% relative humidity from E7 to E16 for 12 h (07:30–19:30) per day. On day 4 post-hatch, control and EHC chicks were subjected to 36°C using three time points: 0 (no heat challenge serving as the control), and 2 and 12 h relative to start of the heat challenge. Fifteen chicks were sampled from each group for every timepoint. Body weight was recorded before euthanasia and subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected.

Results

Body weights were similar in control and EHC groups. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) mRNA was lower in the EHC group at time 0 relative to control. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA was greater in the EHC than control group at the 0 h timepoint. Heat challenge affected adipose tissue DNA methylation, with methylation highest at 12 h into the heat challenge.

Discussion

These findings highlight the dynamic molecular responses of chicks to heat stress during early post-hatch development and suggest that EHC may affect heat stress responses and adipose tissue development through mechanisms involving lipid remodeling and DNA methylation.
Exploring the correlates and nature of subjective anomalous interactions with objects (psychometry): a mixed methods survey
Authors: Simmonds-Moore Christine A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Psychometry refers to the experience of receiving information about a person or thing by contact with a given object. There is little research to date on the psychological correlates of psychometry and no systematic qualitative research on the nature of the experience itself.

Method

A convergent mixed methods online survey sought to explore how synesthesia and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) correlate with a range of anomalous experiences, including psychometry, among members of the public. Those who reported that they had experienced psychometry were invited to describe their experiences in an open ended section.

Results

Results indicate that those who experience psychometry scored higher on a measure of ASMR than those who did not. Those who experience synesthesia also scored significantly higher on a measure of ASMR than those who did not. However, synesthesia was not significantly associated with psychometry. Both ASMR and synesthesia were associated with tendencies to report anomalous experiences (with and without a paranormal attribution). A thematic analysis found five themes including: a flash of imagery; lived feelings and intense emotions; noesis and perspective taking/empathy. Subjective psychometry experiences seem to reflect emotional information that is experienced as different to one’s normal experiences and felt to be from the perspective of another person.

Discussion

Results are discussed and quantitative and qualitative findings are integrated.
The relationship between risk perceptions and negative emotions in the COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Ruihua , Shi Kan , Song Xudong , Li Shuqi , Zhou Wei
Published: September 2024

Background

COVID-19, as a significant public health issue, has had a major impact on the mental health of people worldwide. Research shows a significant positive correlation between individuals’ risk perception levels and negative emotions during the outbreak of COVID-19. However, some studies also suggest that the relationship between the two is not significant. Therefore, we will conduct a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between risk perception and negative emotions from cultural, temporal, and individual psychological perspectives.

Methods

Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, focusing on publications from January 2020 onwards, specifically targeting studies examining the relationship between risk perception and negative emotion during COVID-19.

Results

A total of 58 papers with 85 effect sizes were meta-analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 software, with a combined sample of 83,948 individuals. Risk perception of COVID-19 showed a moderate positive correlation with negative emotions (r = 0.211, 95%CI [0.18, 0.24]). There was no moderating effect of tight-loose cultures on the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions. However, the epidemic period, gender ratio, and measurement methods did have moderating effects on the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions.

Conclusion

In future research, we can further develop theories related to the risk perception of COVID-19 and negative emotions, and based on these, formulate interventions to promote people’s mental health.