bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of non-Oberbeck-Boussinesq effects augmented by power-law rheology in natural convection studies around fins
Authors: Mulamootil J. K. , Dash S. K.
Published: September 2019

The augmentation and diminution of non-Oberbeck-Boussinesq (NOB) effects due to power-law rheology cause significant changes in the results and associated implications of natural convection studies. This study focuses on the combined effect of spatial arrangement with NOB and power-law effects. Non-intuitive changes in heat transfer trends are caused by the additional effect on the shear rate distribution due to spatial arrangement of objects, represented here by an array of fins. An order of magnitude analysis was used to derive Oberbeck-Boussinesq type equations for a class of power-law fluids with all properties considered as linear functions of temperature and pressure. Significant temperature dependent properties were identified, and an explicit criterion to neglect viscous dissipation for power-law fluids in pure natural convection was derived. The identified temperature dependencies were incorporated into NOB equations and solved numerically to investigate their effect on flow field and heat transfer trends. Shear thinning significantly augmented (more than doubled) the accelerating NOB effect, while shear thickening diminished (nearly halved) it. The tendency of power-law rheology to augment or diminish NOB effects was demonstrated to considerably increase the sensitivity of results to temperature dependent properties, over and above that for the Newtonian case. Investigations to note their practical implications revealed that optimization results without NOB effects could be quite misleading for the fin array problem, due to the differing cumulative extents of augmentation. Additionally, correlation studies may be inaccurate as the nature of trends was changed fundamentally due to NOB augmentation.
Holmboe instability beyond the Boussinesq approximation revisited
Authors: Churilov S. M.
Published: September 2019

With no use of the Boussinesq approximation, the Holmboe instability is studied in sharply stratified shear flows with arbitrary monotonic and bounded velocity profiles without inflection points, including a piecewise-linear one. Particular attention is given to the separation and analysis of contributions to instability made by the wave–wave and wave–particle interactions which are the main physical mechanisms responsible for the loss of stability. It is shown that both mechanisms are equally important for understanding the instability properties and therefore should be taken into consideration simultaneously.
Hyperuniform disordered photonic bandgap polarizers
Authors: Zhou Wen , Tong Yeyu , Sun Xiankai , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: September 2019

An ultra-broadband transverse magnetic (TM) pass hyperuniform disordered photonic bandgap (HUDPBG) polarizer based on disordered air holes is proposed and demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The transverse electric mode is blocked by the combination of three effects: the photonic bandgap (PBG) effect, diffusive (nonresonant) scattering, and band edge resonances. Specifically, the designed bandwidth of 265 nm for a 30-dB polarization extinction ratio (PER) is much larger than the spectral width of the PBG (149 nm) because of the band edge resonances. The TM mode is in the subwavelength regime of the hyperuniform disordered photonic structure and thus has a low insertion loss (IL). An ultrawide bandwidth of 210 nm (1.44–1.65 μm) for the 30-dB PER is experimentally demonstrated in a 12.9-μm-long HUDPBG polarizer. The spectrally averaged PER is 39.6 dB, and the IL for the TM mode is 1.1 dB (IL = 0.6 dB at 1.55 μm). The HUDPBG polarizers based on the disordered air holes can be an excellent candidate for ultra-broadband polarization filtering in the silicon photonic platform.
Does electronic coherence enhance anticorrelated pigment vibrations under realistic conditions?
Authors: Duan Hong-Guang , Thorwart Michael , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: September 2019

The light-harvesting efficiency of a photoactive molecular complex is largely determined by the properties of its electronic quantum states. Those, in turn, are influenced by molecular vibrational states of the nuclear degrees of freedom. Here, we reexamine two recently formulated concepts that a coherent vibronic coupling between molecular states would either extend the electronic coherence lifetime or enhance the amplitude of the anticorrelated vibrational mode at longer times. For this, we study a vibronically coupled dimer and calculate the nonlinear two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra that directly reveal electronic coherence. The time scale of electronic coherence is initially extracted by measuring the antidiagonal bandwidth of the central peak in the 2D spectrum at zero waiting time. Based on the residual analysis, we identify small-amplitude long-lived oscillations in the cross-peaks, which, however, are solely due to groundstate vibrational coherence, regardless of having resonant or off-resonant conditions. Our studies neither show an enhancement of the electronic quantum coherence nor an enhancement of the anticorrelated vibrational mode by the vibronic coupling under ambient conditions.
Including implicit solvation in the bond capacity polarization model
Authors: Poier Pier Paolo , Jensen Frank
Published: September 2019

We derive expressions corresponding to a coupling of the recently proposed Bond Capacity polarization model with implicit solvation by means of the generalized Born and conductor-like polarizable continuum models. The original bond capacity interaction kernel is in both cases augmented with a term that accounts for the reaction potential arising from the continuum. The expressions for energy gradients are derived within the recently introduced Lagrangian formalism for the efficient evaluation of energy gradients of nonvariational force fields.
The smooth effect of fast electron detection in the positive column in DC glow discharge
Authors: Yu Zhi , Yao Jingfeng , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang , Wang Xiaoou , Sysoev Sergey
Published: September 2019

Collision electron spectroscopy (CES) which is based on probe diagnosis and allows for the identification of the impurity gas in pure inert gas has provided a new method for gas analysis. Due to the higher electron temperature in the positive column, the negative glow region is frequently selected as the optimization for gas analysis in DC discharge operated at a relatively high gas pressure. In this paper, the effect of ambipolar diffusion of fast electrons, and the importance of ambipolar diffusion considered as a deep influence on the resolution of fast penning electrons in the positive column, have been verified by designed experiment. It was found that the increase in plasma density has an energy loss effect on fast electrons, resulting a smooth effect on fast electron detection at pressures of about few hundred Pascals.
-adic monomial equations and their perturbations
Authors: Mukhamedov F. M. , Khakimov O. N.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we describe the set of solutions of the monomial equation

over

. Moreover, as an application, we study some perturbations of the equation under consideration over the

-adic field.
Some trigonometric polynomials with extremely small uniform norm and their applications
Authors: Radomskii A. O.
Published: September 2019

We construct orthogonal trigonometric polynomials satisfying a new spectral condition and such that their

-norms are bounded below and the uniform norm of their partial sums has extremely small order of growth. We obtain new results that relate the uniform norm and

-norm on subspaces of the vector space of trigonometric polynomials.
On orthogonal projections of Nöbeling spaces
Authors: Ageev S. M.
Published: September 2019

Suppose that

. We prove that there is a dense open subset of the Grassmann space

such that the orthogonal projection of the standard Nöbeling space

(which lies in

for sufficiently large

) to every

-dimensional plane in this subset is

-soft and possesses the strong

-universal property with respect to Polish spaces. Every such orthogonal projection is a natural counterpart of the standard Nöbeling space for the category of maps.
New diagnostic method for Alzheimer’s disease based on the toxic conformation theory of amyloid β
Authors: Irie Kazuhiro
Published: September 2019

Recent investigations suggest that soluble oligomeric amyloid β (Aβ) species may be involved in early onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using systematic proline replacement, solid-state NMR, and ESR, we identified a toxic turn at position 22 and 23 of Aβ42, the most potent neurotoxic Aβ species. Through radicalization, the toxic turn can induce formation of the C-terminal hydrophobic core to obtain putative Aβ42 dimers and trimers. Synthesized dimer and trimer models showed that the C-terminal hydrophobic core plays a critical role in the formation of high molecular weight oligomers with neurotoxicity. Accordingly, an anti-toxic turn antibody (24B3) that selectively recognizes a toxic dimer model of E22P-Aβ42 was developed. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 24B3 and 82E1 detected a significantly higher ratio of Aβ42 with a toxic turn to total Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients compared with controls, suggesting that 24B3 could be useful for early onset of AD diagnosis.
The history and ecology of Cisco Coregonus artedi in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: George Ellen
Published: September 2019

Cisco Coregonus artedi are a schooling, coldwater, zooplanktivorous fish native to the northern United States and Canada. They were once one of the most abundant fish species in the region, supporting large commercial fisheries in all five of the Great Lakes. Overfishing, habitat degradation, and impacts from invasive species such as Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus lead to the collapse of these fisheries by the mid 1900’s. Recently, there has been an increased momentum for restoring Cisco populations in the Great Lakes due to their role as native prey fish species for predators such as Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush and Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. Here I present a general overview of Cisco biology, detail the history of the commercial fishery in the Great Lakes, and look ahead to future restoration and recovery goals.
Endosomal signalling via exosome surface TGFβ‐1
Authors: Shelke Ganesh Vilas , Yin Yanan , Jang Su Chul , Lässer Cecilia , Wennmalm Stefan , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen , Li Li , Gho Yong Song , Nilsson Jonas Andreas , Lötvall Jan
Published: September 2019

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes convey biological messages between cells, either by surface‐to‐surface interaction or by shuttling of bioactive molecules to a recipient cell's cytoplasm. Here we show that exosomes released by mast cells harbour both active and latent transforming growth factor β‐1 (TGFβ‐1) on their surfaces. The latent form of TGFβ‐1 is associated with the exosomes via heparinase‐II and pH‐sensitive elements. These vesicles traffic to the endocytic compartment of recipient human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within 60 min of exposure. Further, the exosomes‐associated TGFβ‐1 is retained within the endosomal compartments at the time of signalling, which results in prolonged cellular signalling compared to free‐TGFβ‐1. These exosomes induce a migratory phenotype in primary MSCs involving SMAD‐dependent pathways. Our results show that mast cell‐derived exosomes are decorated with latent TGFβ‐1 and are retained in recipient MSC endosomes, influencing recipient cell migratory phenotype. We conclude that exosomes can convey signalling within endosomes by delivering bioactive surface ligands to this intracellular compartment.
FIGNL1 associates with KIF1Bβ and BICD1 to restrict dynein transport velocity during axon navigation
Authors: Atkins Melody , Gasmi Laïla , Bercier Valérie , Revenu Céline , Del Bene Filippo , Hazan Jamilé , Fassier Coralie
Published: September 2019

Neuronal connectivity relies on molecular motor-based axonal transport of diverse cargoes. Yet the precise players and regulatory mechanisms orchestrating such trafficking events remain largely unknown. We here report the ATPase Fignl1 as a novel regulator of bidirectional transport during axon navigation. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we showed that Fignl1 binds the kinesin Kif1bβ and the dynein/dynactin adaptor Bicaudal D-1 (Bicd1) in a molecular complex including the dynactin subunit dynactin 1. Fignl1 colocalized with Kif1bβ and showed bidirectional mobility in zebrafish axons. Notably, Kif1bβ and Fignl1 loss of function similarly altered zebrafish motor axon pathfinding and increased dynein-based transport velocity of Rab3 vesicles in these navigating axons, pinpointing Fignl1/Kif1bβ as a dynein speed limiter complex. Accordingly, disrupting dynein/dynactin activity or Bicd1/Fignl1 interaction induced motor axon pathfinding defects characteristic of Fignl1 gain or loss of function, respectively. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of dynein activity partially rescued the axon pathfinding defects of Fignl1-depleted larvae. Together, our results identify Fignl1 as a key dynein regulator required for motor circuit wiring.
Perlecan regulates pericyte dynamics in the maintenance and repair of the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Nakamura Kuniyuki , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Nara Kazuki , Rhodes Craig S. , Zhang Peipei , Chiba Yuta , Kazuno Saiko , Miura Yoshiki , Ago Tetsuro , Arikawa-Hirasawa Eri , Mukouyama Yoh-suke , Yamada Yoshihiko
Published: September 2019

Ischemic stroke causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown due to significant damage to the integrity of BBB components. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of pericytes in the repair process of BBB functions triggered by PDGFRβ up-regulation. Here, we show that perlecan, a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of basement membranes, aids in BBB maintenance and repair through pericyte interactions. Using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found larger infarct volumes and more BBB leakage in conditional perlecan (Hspg2)-deficient (Hspg2−/−-TG) mice than in control mice. Control mice showed increased numbers of pericytes in the ischemic lesion, whereas Hspg2−/−-TG mice did not. At the mechanistic level, pericytes attached to recombinant perlecan C-terminal domain V (perlecan DV, endorepellin). Perlecan DV enhanced the PDGF-BB–induced phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, SHP-2, and FAK partially through integrin α5β1 and promoted pericyte migration. Perlecan therefore appears to regulate pericyte recruitment through the cooperative functioning of PDGFRβ and integrin α5β1 to support BBB maintenance and repair following ischemic stroke.
Design of an Acoustic Levitator for Three-Dimensional Manipulation of Numerous Particles*
Authors: Wu Di , Yin De-Yao , Xiao Zhi-Yuan , Shi Qing-Fan
Published: September 2019

We present a design of an acoustic levitator consisting of three pairs of opposite transducer arrays. Three orthogonal standing waves create a large number of acoustic traps at which the particles are levitated in mid-air. By changing the phase difference of transducer arrays, three-dimensional manipulation of particles is successfully realized. Moreover, the relationship between the translation of particles and the phase difference is experimentally investigated, and the result is in agreement with the theoretical calculation. This design can expand the application of acoustic levitation in many fields, such as biomedicine, ultrasonic motor and new materials processing.
An Improved Room-Temperature Silicon Terahertz Photodetector on Sapphire Substrates*
Authors: Lu Xue-Hui , Jing Cheng-Bin , Wang Lian-Wei , Chu Jun-Hao
Published: September 2019

We design and fabricate a good performance silicon photoconductive terahertz detector on sapphire substrates at room temperature. The best voltage responsivity of the detector is 6679V/W at frequency 300 GHz as well as low voltage noise of 3.8 nV/Hz1/2 for noise equivalent power 0.57 pW/Hz1/2. The measured response time of the device is about

9

μ
s

, demonstrating that the detector has a speed of

>
110

kHz

. The achieved good performance, together with large detector size (acceptance area is 3

μ
m
×
160

μ
m

), simple structure, easy manufacturing method, compatibility with mature silicon technology, and suitability for large-scale fabrication of imaging arrays provide a promising approach to the development of sensitive terahertz room-temperature detectors.
Improving directional radiation quality based on a gradient amplitude acoustic leaky wave antenna
Authors: Lan Jun , Peng Xiuyuan , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Xiaozhou , Li Yifeng
Published: September 2019

In this work, we show how to modify radiation amplitude with a leaky wave antenna to improve the quality of sound radiation. The designed gradient amplitude leaky wave antenna consists of a straight pipe with periodically loaded membranes, open channels and Helmholtz resonators. An equivalent acoustic composite right/left-hand transmission line that considers the effects of viscous-thermal and viscous-elastic losses is utilized to steer the radiation angle continually from backward to forward as a function of the incident frequency. The numerical results show that by appropriately selecting the structural parameters of the channel and Helmholtz resonator cavity, the quality of the directional radiation is improved based on the gradient distribution of the radiation amplitude and the near unitary phase. Compared with traditional antennas, the proposed gradient amplitude antenna incorporates a frequency scanning capability with gradient amplitude, which improves the directivity quality of the acoustic waves among the operated frequency band, and provides a new design method for acoustic leaky wave antennas.
The E4 brickhouse of Romania – a local proved nZEB
Authors: Mladin E C
Published: September 2019

The nZEB concept, intensively required by the European directives, is intended to include buildings with very low energy consumptions from fossil fuels and it will be mandatory for all new buildings starting with 2021. This paper explores the design stages of a process that meets the requirements of the “E4 program” initiated in Europe by the Wienerberger company for buildings intensively using ceramic elements. The 4 Es stand for Energy, Economy, Ecology and Emotion. Therefore, the paper presents a house in terms of architecture and installations for a healthy, energy efficient, environmentally friendly and affordable home, where ceramic building elements simultaneously stand for increased thermal and mechanical resistance and thermal mass. Energy performance assessment is accompanied by economic analysis and primary energy calculations. Once the building has been completed and occupied by the owner family of 2 adults and two children, the energy use and indoor comfort were monitored for two years. The real energy performance could thus be assessed and compared to the design stage estimate. Results indicated an over-compliance with the nZEB criteria set for Romania. The study reflects the value of simulations at the building design stage and the differences that occur between statistical approach and real building performance.
Research on the fire endurance of the silica sand membrane
Authors: Kaya A , Çelen S , Akyol U
Published: September 2019

In this study, the fire endurance, density, low-temperature deflection, penetration and ring-ball method tests of the membrane produced throughout the mixing of Bitumen, IPP (isotactic polypropylene), LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) calcite and silica sand at varying proportions were performed and the test results were compared with the membrane used today. In our study, TS 120 EN 1427, TS 118 EN 1426, TS EN 13501-1, KG-TL-029 testing methods were used. The density of the silica material we have obtained was measured at 1.3782 g/cm3, the endurance of the material was found out to be better, softening temperature was measured at 155°C, brittleness temperature at -7°C and the fire class was found out to be as E.
Prediction of spark ignition engine fuel consumption for different functional conditions using a theoretical model
Authors: Vornicu V , Ulian T , Rakosi E , Manolache G , Talif S
Published: September 2019

The theoretical model estimates the characteristic parameters of a car spark ignition engine by using complex functions. Analyzing the variation of the efficiencies and the fuel consumption at various operating regimes it is possible to optimize them according to the operating regime of the car. It is also studied a method for estimation of the specific fuel consumption of the spark ignition engine by considering engine operation in variable mode. The theoretical study presented by authors contributes actively to the optimization of the interaction between vehicle and propulsion system by identifying low fuel consumption modes.
Human Pegivirus Infection and Lymphoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fama Angelo , Larson Melissa C , Link Brian K , Habermann Thomas M , Feldman Andrew L , Call Timothy G , Ansell Stephen M , Liebow Mark , Xiang Jinhua , Maurer Matthew J , Slager Susan L , Nowakowski Grzegorz S , Stapleton Jack T , Cerhan James R
Published: September 2019

Background

Human pegivirus (HPgV) is a single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae. Although no definitive association between HPgV infection and disease has been identified, previous studies have suggested an association of HPgV viremia with risk of lymphomas.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including 1 cohort study and 14 case-control studies, assessing the association of HPgV viremia with adult lymphomas. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model, overall and by geographic region and lymphoma subtype.

Results

The overall OR for lymphoma was 2.85 (95% CI, 1.98–4.11), with statistically significantly elevated ORs observed in 8 of 15 studies. There was a small amount of heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 28.9%; Q = 18.27, P = .16), and the funnel plot provided no evidence for publication bias. The strongest association with lymphoma risk was observed for studies from Southern Europe (OR, 5.68 [95% CI, 1.98–16.3]), whereas weaker ORs (with 95% CIs) were observed for studies from North America (2.24 [1.76–2.85]), Northern Europe (2.90 [.45–18.7), and the Middle East (2.51 [.87–7.27]), but all of similar magnitude. Participants with HPgV viremia had statistically significantly increased risks (OR [95% CI]) for developing diffuse large B-cell (3.29 [1.63–6.62]), follicular (3.01 [1.95–4.63]), marginal zone (1.90 [1.13–3.18]), and T-cell (2.11 [1.17–3.89]) lymphomas, while the risk for Hodgkin lymphoma (3.53 [.48–25.9]) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1.45 [.45–4.66]) were increased but did not achieve statistical significance.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis supports a positive association of HPgV viremia with lymphoma risk, overall and for the major lymphoma subtypes.
A first case report of dapsone inducing recurrent ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Wong Bethany , Saiva Lavanya , Buckley John , Galvin Joseph
Published: September 2019

Background

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are life-threatening arrhythmias which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ventricular arrhythmias are induced by a change in the myocardial environment altering cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. The substrate for VA includes myocardial scar, electrolyte disturbances, and drugs altering cellular electrophysiology.

Case summary

Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old man with known ischaemic cardiomyopathy, presenting with VA storms secondary to dapsone, an anti-microbial used in this case for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia. This is the first case linking dapsone to the development of VAs. Ventricular arrhythmias storm occurred towards the end of the course of anti-microbial therapy and the patient was referred for sympathectomy. However, following the end of treatment, no further VA occurred and sympathectomy was therefore avoided.

Discussion

The underlying mechanism for the association between dapsone treatment and VA is unclear and a prolonged QTc was not observed in our case. It is important to recognize that every drug has many physiological effects and in patients with underlying diseases whereby there is already an unfavourable environment, additional drugs can lower the threshold of triggering an arrhythmia and the result can be life-threatening. In a patient with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, where underlying substrate for VA may already exist, the introduction of dapsone could lower the threshold for development of arrhythmia.
Is the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Associated With Atazanavir or Darunavir? A Nested Case-Control Study Within the French Hospital Database on HIV
Authors: Costagliola Dominique , Potard Valérie , Lang Sylvie , de Castro Nathalie , Cotte Laurent , Duval Xavier , Duvivier Claudine , Grabar Sophie , Mary-Krause Murielle , Partisani Marialuisa , Ronot-Bregigeon Sylvie , Simon Anne , Tattevin Pierre , Weiss Laurence , Zucman David , Katlama Christine , Raffi François , Boccara Franck
Published: September 2019

Background

The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) study has reported an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in people with human immunodeficiency virus who were exposed to darunavir (DRV) but not to atazanavir (ATV). Our objective was to evaluate associations between ATV or DRV exposures and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in a nested case-control study within ANRS-CO4 French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH).

Methods

Cases were individuals who had a first validated MI between 2006 and 2012. Up to 5 controls were selected at random with replacement among individuals with no history of MI, followed at the time of MI diagnosis, and matched for age and sex. Conditional logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders (MI risk factors and HIV-related parameters) and for cumulative exposure to each antiretroviral drug (ARV).

Results

Overall, 408 MI cases and 1250 controls were included: 109 (27%) cases and 288 (23%) controls had been exposed to ATV, and 41 (10%) cases and 107 (9%) controls had been exposed to DRV. There was no significant association between exposure to ATV (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], .87–2.73) or DRV (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI, .11–2.32) and the risk of MI.

Conclusions

In FHDH, exposures to ATV or to DRV were not significantly associated with the risk of MI, adjusting for complete ARV history, contrary to the analysis in DAD.
Asteroseismic investigation of 20 planet and planet-candidate host stars
Authors: Kayhan C , Yıldız M , Çelik Orhan Z
Published: September 2019

Planets and planet candidates are subjected to great investigation in recent years. In this study, we analyse 20 planet and planet-candidate host stars at different evolutionary phases. We construct stellar interior models of the host stars with the mesa e.volution code and obtain their fundamental parameters under influence of observational asteroseismic and non-asteroseismic constraints. Model mass range of the host stars is 0.74–1.55   $\rm M_{\odot }$. The mean value of the so-called large separation between oscillation frequencies and its variation about the minima shows the diagnostic potential of asteroseismic properties. Comparison of variations of model and observed large separations versus the oscillation frequencies leads to inference of fundamental parameters of the host stars. Using these parameters, we revise orbital and fundamental parameters of 34 planets and four planet candidates. According to our findings, radius range of the planets is 0.35–16.50 $\rm R_{{\oplus }}$. The maximum difference between the transit and revised radii occurs for Kepler-444b-f is about 25 per cent.
Calibration of the mixing-length theory for structures of helium-dominated atmosphere white dwarfs
Authors: Cukanovaite E , Tremblay P-E , Freytag B , Ludwig H-G , Fontaine G , Brassard P , Toloza O , Koester D
Published: September 2019

We perform a calibration of the mixing-length parameter at the bottom boundary of the convection zone for helium-dominated atmospheres of white dwarfs. This calibration is based on a grid of 3D DB (pure-helium) and DBA (helium-dominated with traces of hydrogen) model atmospheres computed with the co5bold radiation-hydrodynamics code, and a grid of 1D DB and DBA envelope structures. The 3D models span a parameter space of hydrogen-to-helium abundances in the range −10.0 ≤ log (H/He) ≤−2.0, surface gravities in the range 7.5 ≤ log g ≤ 9.0, and effective temperatures in the range 12 000 K ≲ Teff ≲ 34 000 K. The 1D envelopes cover a similar atmospheric parameter range, but are also calculated with different values of the mixing-length parameter, namely 0.4 ≤ ML2/α ≤ 1.4. The calibration is performed based on two definitions of the bottom boundary of the convection zone: the Schwarzschild and the zero convective flux boundaries. Thus, our calibration is relevant for applications involving the bulk properties of the convection zone including its total mass, which excludes the spectroscopic technique. Overall, the calibrated ML2/α is smaller than what is commonly used in evolutionary models and theoretical determinations of the blue edge of the instability strip for pulsating DB and DBA stars. With calibrated ML2/α we are able to deduce more accurate convection zone sizes needed for studies of planetary debris mixing and dredge-up of carbon from the core. We highlight this by calculating examples of metal-rich 3D DBAZ models and finding their convection zone masses. Mixing-length calibration represents the first step of in-depth investigations of convective overshoot in white dwarfs with helium-dominated atmospheres.
Dissociative electron recombination of NH2CHOH+ and implications for interstellar formamide abundance
Authors: Ayouz M A , Yuen C H , Balucani N , Ceccarelli C , Schneider I F , Kokoouline V
Published: September 2019

Formamide is a potentially important molecule in the context of pre-biotic chemistry, since reactions involving it can lead to precursors of genetic and metabolic molecules. Being abundant in cometary material and in star-forming regions, the formation and destruction routes of interstellar formamide have been the focus of several studies. In this work, we focus on the electron recombination of protonated formamide, an important step of its destruction routes, by performing rigorous ab initio calculations of this process. We found that our values are in good agreement with previous qualitative estimates of the global rate coefficients. On the contrary, we propose a substantial revision of the products and branching ratios. Finally, we justify and emphasize the importance of carrying out similar theoretical calculations on the largest possible number of complex species of astrochemical interest.
Whole-Field Indocyanine Green Intensity Analysis to Intraoperatively Predict Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome Following Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in 7-Year Experience With 112 Cases
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Sugiyama Tatsuya , Mizutani Tohru
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative prediction of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after cerebrovascular bypass surgery is challenging.

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a retrospective case-control study with indocyanine green (ICG) intensity analysis of the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and investigate whether its washout pattern might be a marker for intraoperative prediction of CHS.

METHODS

Between 2012 and 2018, 6 of 112 patients (5.4%) that underwent STA-MCA bypass exhibited CHS. We selected 5 patients with CHS (3 with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease [ASCVD] and 2 with moyamoya) and 15 patients without CHS (60% ASCVD and 40% moyamoya) as a matched control group. During prebypass and postbypass, washout times (WTs) for the first 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum ICG intensity measured in the whole-camera field were compared between groups. The changes in WT (ΔWT) from prebypass to postbypass for each ICG intensity level were compared between groups. The cutoff ΔWTs, sensitivities, and specificities were also calculated.

RESULTS

Postbypass WTs were significantly longer in the CHS group than the control group at all ICG intensities (P < .05). ΔWT was significantly greater in the CHS group than the control group for the first 10%, 25%, and 50% ICG intensities (P < .001). A cutoff ΔWT of ≥2.66 s for the first 50% ICG intensity showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSION

We found that a ΔWT ≥2.66 s for the first 50% ICG intensity could be an intraoperative predictive factor for CHS.
PARAINEN PEARL SHIPPING LTD v KRISTIAN GERHARD JEBSEN SKIPSREDERI AS
Authors:   PATENTS COURT
Published: September 2019

H1 Patents – European patents – Declaration of non-infringement – Ships – System “for” unloading powdery cargo – Cement handling – Patentee’s ship equipped with patented system declared total loss – Ship re-floated – Title to ship passing to third party – Patented system not operational – Restrictions as to future use – Ship re-sold – Patentee not exercising option to purchase – Later purchasers putting system back into operation – Whether work done amounting to making repair or replacement – Exhaustion of rights – Implied licence – Estoppel
Keratinocyte exosomes activate neutrophils and enhance skin inflammation in psoriasis
Authors: Jiang Man , Fang Hui , Shao Shuai , Dang Erie , Zhang Jieyu , Qiao Pei , Yang Angang , Wang Gang
Published: September 2019

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely affects patients physiologically and psychologically. The pathogenesis involving communication between psoriatic keratinocytes and infiltrated immune cells such as neutrophils remains unclear. Exosomes are emerging mediators of intercellular communication. Herein we aim to investigate the release and function of psoriatic keratinocyte exosomes, which have not been illustrated to any extent. We first isolated exosomes from both healthy and psoriasis‐like keratinocytes treated with psoriatic cytokine cocktail. These exosomes were observed to be endocytosed by neutrophils. Unlike non‐cytokine‐treated keratinocyte exosomes, cytokine‐treated keratinocyte exosomes significantly induced NETosis (the process by which neutrophils produce and release neutrophil extracellular traps) and the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α in neutrophils. Proteomic analysis showed that cytokine‐treated keratinocyte exosomes exhibited a specific protein profile with proteins enriched in immune‐related pathways. We then confirmed that NF‐κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were activated in neutrophils stimulated by cytokine‐treated keratinocyte exosomes and were responsible for the expressions of proinflammatory factors mentioned above. Finally, we verified in vivo that cytokine‐treated keratinocyte exosomes participated in the skin lesion development of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model. Collectively, we reveal that the release of exosomes works as a way of keratinocyte‐neutrophil communication, indicating that keratinocyte exosomes, with their specific cargoes, are therapeutic candidates for psoriasis.—Jiang, M., Fang, H., Shao, S., Dang, E., Zhang, J., Qiao, P., Yang, A., Wang, G. Keratinocyte exosomes activate neutrophils and enhance skin inflammation in psoriasis. FASEB J. 33, 13241–13253 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Management of alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Pullen Richard L. , Ruiz Gerardo A.
Published: September 2019

This condition can impact quality of life for your patients. Learn how to recognize the signs and symptoms so you can connect patients with the resources they need.
A Case of Papulonodular Mucinosis in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dallo Christopher , Lee Keagan , Cragun W. Chad , Lee Mui
Published: September 2019

Papulonodular mucinosis is a distinctive lupus erythematosus cutaneous variant that generally occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite a higher incidence of SLE in women, lupus cutaneous mucinosis occurs more frequently in men. Typically, papulonodular mucinosis appears as asymptomatic, flesh-colored papules and nodules with a propensity for the trunk and upper extremities. Herein, we report a case of papulonodular mucinosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a middle-aged woman. On presentation, patient had multiple flesh-colored papules coalescing into plaques on the trunk and upper extremities. Histological findings of the lesions demonstrated a pale dermis secondary to profuse mucin deposition. Immunofluorescent staining revealed a "lupus band" with granular deposition of immunoglobulins/complement proteins at the dermal–epidermal junction.
Trajectory Analysis of Cognitive Outcomes in Children With Perinatal HIV
Authors: Patel Payal B. , Apornpong Tanakorn , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Thongpibul Kulvadee , Kosalaraksa Pope , Hansudewechakul Rawiwan , Kanjanavanit Suparat , Ngampiyaskul Chiawat , Luesomboon Wicharn , Wongsawat Jurai , Sun Ly Penh , Chettra Kea , Saphonn Vonthanak , Mellins Claude A. , Malee Kathleen , Spudich Serena , Ananworanich Jintanat , Kerr Stephen J. , Paul Robert
Published: September 2019

Background:

Children with perinatal HIV (pHIV) may display distinct long-term cognitive phenotypes. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify clusters of children with pHIV after similar developmental trajectories and predictors of belonging to select cognitive trajectory groups.

Methods:

Participants included children, 4–17 years of age, with pHIV in Thailand and Cambodia. Cognitive measures included translated versions of Intelligence Quotient tests, Color Trails Tests and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration conducted semiannually over 3–6 years. The best fit of trajectory groups was determined using maximum likelihood estimation. Multivariate logistic regression identified baseline factors associated with belonging to the lowest scoring trajectory group.

Results:

Group-based trajectory analyses revealed a 3-cluster classification for each cognitive test, labeled as high, medium and low scoring groups. Most trajectory group scores remained stable across age. Verbal IQ declined in all 3 trajectory groups and the high scoring group for Children’s Color Trails Test 1 and 2 showed an increase in scores across age. Children in the lowest scoring trajectory group were more likely to present at an older age and report lower household income.

Conclusions:

Group-based trajectory modeling succinctly classifies cohort heterogeneity in cognitive outcomes in pHIV. Most trajectories remained stable across age suggesting that cognitive potential is likely determined at an early age with the exception of a small subgroup of children who displayed developmental gains in select cognitive domains and may represent those with better cognitive reserve. Poverty and longer duration of untreated HIV may predispose children with pHIV to suboptimal cognitive development.
Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous T-cell infusions reduces opioid requirements in advanced cancer patients
Authors: Zhou Xinna , Qiao Guoliang , Ren Jun , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Shuo , Zhu Siyu , Yuan Yanhua , Morse Michael A. , Hobeika Amy , Lyerly Herbert Kim
Published: September 2019

Relief of cancer-related pain remains challenging despite the availability of a range of opioid and nonopioid medications. Animal models demonstrate that T lymphocytes may mediate analgesia by producing endogenous opioids, but definitive clinical data are limited. Transfer of ex vivo adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is being tested as an anticancer therapy. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 357 patients with various malignancies who received 3 intravenous infusions of autologous cytokine-activated T-cell–enriched products. Among these were 55 patients who required opioids for moderate or severe cancer-related pain. Opioid dosage and cancer pain score were recorded daily for 2 consecutive weeks before and 2 weeks after the ACT infusions. The average oral morphine equivalent doses and cancer pain scores were significantly decreased after the ACT infusions. The proportion of patients with breakthrough pain also declined. Moreover, higher frequencies of expanded CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, and CD3+/CD8+ T cells within the ACT product were associated with favorable analgesic effects. Transient elevations in CD3+ and CD3+/CD8+T-cell subpopulations and decreases in CD4+CD25+ Treg were observed in patients' blood after the ACT. In conclusion, ACT was capable of reducing cancer pain severity and opioid consumption and favorably modulating peripheral blood T-cell populations.
Automated Insulin Delivery: The Artificial Pancreas Technical Challenges
Authors: Hernando M. Elena , García-Sáez Gema , Gómez Enrique J. , Pérez-Gandía Carmen , Rodríguez-Herrero Agustín
Published: September 2019

Background:

The automation of glucose control has been an important goal of diabetes treatment for many decades. The first artificial pancreas experiences were in-hospital, closely supervised, small-scale, and short-term studies that demonstrated their superiority over continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. At present, long-term outpatient studies are being conducted in free-living scenarios.

Areas of Uncertainty:

The integration of multiple devices increases patients' burden and the probability of technical risks. Control algorithms must be robust to manage disturbance variables, such as physical exercise, meal composition, stress, illness, and circadian variations in insulin sensitivity. Extra layers of safety could be achieved through remote supervision. Dual-hormone systems reduce the incidence and duration of hypoglycemia, but the availability of stable pumpable glucagon needs to be solved. Faster insulin analogues are expected to improve all types of artificial pancreas.

Therapeutic Advances:

Artificial pancreas safety and feasibility are being demonstrated in outpatient studies. Artificial pancreas use increases the time of sensor-measured glucose in near-normoglycemia and reduces the risk of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The benefits are observed both in single- and dual-hormone algorithms and in full- or semi-closed loop control. A recent meta-analysis including 41 randomized controlled trials showed that artificial pancreas use achieves a reduction of time in hyperglycemia (2 hours less than control treatment) and in hypoglycemia (20 minutes less); mean levels of continuous glucose sensor fell by 8.6 mg/dL over 24 hours and by 14.6 mg/dL overnight. The OpenAPS community uses Do It Yourself artificial pancreas in the real world since 2013, and a recent retrospective cross-over study (n = 20) compared continuous glucose sensor readings before and after initiation: mean levels of blood glucose fell by 7.4 mg/dL over 24 hours and time in range increased from 75.8% to 82.2% (92 minutes more).

Conclusions:

The outpatient use of artificial pancreas is safe and improves glucose control in outpatients with type 1 diabetes compared with the use of any type of insulin-based treatment. The availability of open-source solutions and data sharing is needed to foster the development of new artificial pancreas approaches and to promote the wide use of Big Data tools for knowledge discovery, decision support, and personalization.
Diffuse Midline Glioma With Osseous Metastases at Diagnosis: A Case Report
Authors: Bhatt Neel S. , Houser Kerri , Belongia Meghan , Ellison David W. , Foy Andrew , Jarzembowski Jason , Kelly Teresa , Maheshwari Mohit , Suchi Mariko , Knipstein Jeffrey
Published: September 2019

Extraneural metastasis is extremely rare in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma and carries a grim prognosis. Detection of metastases at initial presentation is even rarer. A 15-year-old adolescent girl presented with paraplegia, urinary retention, and a constellation of systemic symptoms. Imaging showed a fourth ventricular lesion, innumerable intradural lesions, leptomeningeal seeding throughout the neuraxis, and numerous osteoblastic lesions involving the spine, ribs, sternum, pelvis, humerus, and femurs. Pathology confirmed metastatic diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant. Our patient died 2 weeks after initial presentation. Further work is needed to develop effective treatment strategies for these high-risk patients.
Generalized Verrucosis Revealing a Life-Threatening and Unlabeled T-Cell Lymphopenia Associated With Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Marxgut Magali , Adjaoud Dalila , Aladjidi Nathalie , Armari Corinne , Marxgut Léa , Rubio Amandine
Published: September 2019

Primary immunodeficiencies are inherited disorders, which may be revealed in the context of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). We report the case of a girl presenting with an enterovirus-related AIHA. Despite being in complete remission for her anemia after treatment, the initial CD4/CD8 lymphopenia dramatically worsened with time. Its sole clinical presentation was generalized verrucosis. Cellular quantitative and functional immunodeficiency was evidenced but no known molecular defect was identified despite extensive workup. This unlabeled profound naive T-lymphopenia was cured by bone marrow transplantation. No similar case was ever described in the scientific literature. Patients with AIHA and/or generalized verrucosis should be screened for primary immunodeficiency, before initiating any immunomodulatory treatment.
VGF: a biomarker and potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain?
Authors: Soliman Nadia , Okuse Kenji , Rice Andrew S.C.
Published: September 2019

Neuropathic pain (NP) remains an area of considerable unmet medical need. A persistent challenge in the management of NP is to target the specific mechanisms leading to a change from normal to abnormal sensory perception while ensuring that the defensive pain perception remains intact. Targeting VGF-derived neuropeptides may offer this opportunity. VGF was first identified in 1985 and is highly expressed after nerve injury and inflammation in neurons of both the peripheral and central nervous system. Subsequent studies implicate the vgf gene and its products in pain pathways. This narrative review was supported by a systematic search to identify, select, and critically appraise all relevant research investigating the role of VGF-derived neuropeptides in pain pathways. It predominantly focuses on in vivo investigations of the role of VGF in the initiation and maintenance of NP. VGF expression levels are very low under normal physiological conditions and nerve injury results in rapid and robust upregulation, increasing mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. The identification of the 2 complement receptors with which VGF neuropeptides interact suggests a novel interplay of neuronal and immune signalling mediators. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling events by which VGF-derived active neuropeptides exert their physiological actions is in its infancy. Future work should aim to improve understanding of the downstream consequences of VGF neuropeptides thereby providing novel insights into pain mechanisms potentially leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.