bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using NaOH-Modified Fir Sawdust
Authors: Deng Hong Mei , Chen Yong Heng , Wu Cui Qin , Huang Xue Xia , Liu Tao
Published: August 2013

Fir sawdust, a low-cost residual agricultural material, was used as adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting the adsorption behavior of Cu2+, such as pH, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature, have been carried out. The Cu2+removal was pH-dependent, reaching a maximum at pH 5. The adsorption capacity of the fir sawdust from Langmuir adsorption isotherm was 38.6 mg/g at 25°C. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Freundlich isotherm. The negative ΔGovalues at various temperatures confirm that the adsorption processes are spontaneous.
Experimental Study on the Start-Up Stage of Wheat Straw Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment in Immobilized and Suspended Biomass Combination Processing
Authors: Cui Yan Ping , Wan Hong You , Zhang Minglei , Zeng Ke
Published: August 2013

The study on the start-up of the pilot-scale immobilized and suspended biomass combination processing to treat the comprehensive effluent from a wheat straw pulp and paper plant was performed. The carrier packing selected in this experiment is a new type of microbial carrier (modified polyurethane foam plastic packing) which dosing rate was 20% of the reactor volume. The low quantity of inoculation sludge way is used to start the system. The test results show that the removal efficiency of COD and SS by the immobilized and suspended biomass combination technology system after a weak or so can be stable, as the effluent SS was below 50mg/L, the removal rate of 95% or more and the effluent COD was below 260mg/L, the removal rate of 85% or more. From start to 10th day, the attached sludge concentration on biomass conversion was more than 20g/L, while the microscope observation to biological adherent microbes suspended sludge and carrier phase indicated abundant microbial species. The fact indicates that the start-up can be finished in 10 days.
Heterogenous Fenton-Like Oxidation of Reactive Black 5 in Water Using Pyrite Cinder
Authors: Luo Cong , Wu De Li
Published: August 2013

As the Fenton-like oxidation reaction based on iron-bearing minerals could solve some problems of the traditional Fenton oxidation reaction, it became a talking point in academic circles worldwide recently. For the Fenton-like reaction, catalyst selection is an important research parameter. The new Fenton-like reaction uses iron-bearing cinder as catalyst by employing Reactive Black 5 (RB5), the object of investigation, as the target pollutant. By examining the dosage of catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, initial pH, reaction time, concentration of pollutants, optimized reaction conditions can be obtained. Results show that pyrite cinder gives rise to high catalytic activity in the Fenton-like reaction. When 5ml/L of hydrogen peroxide and 10g/L of cinder were added to 75mg/L of dye, the removal rate of RB5 was found to be 96% in 4 hours. Compared to the traditional Fenton reaction, it has a wider pH range and higher catalytic oxidation activity, especially under alkaline condition.
Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Manganese in Lake Baiyangdian, China
Authors: Liang Shu Xuan , Wang Yun Xiao , Qin Zhe
Published: August 2013

The concentrations of Mn in water and sediments of different functional areas in Lake Baiyangdian were monitored in representative months from 2009 to 2010. The results showed that the concentration of Mn had spatial-temporal distribution characteristics. Mn in the overlying water ranged from 0.05 to 2.39 mgL-1, and was higher in May and October than that in August and March. Sites in the fish-rearing zone had the highest Mn concentration, while natural site had the lowest Mn concentration. The concentration of Mn in the surface of sediments ranged from 144.95 to 1317.04 mgkg-1. The concentration of Mn was higher in March than in other months. Sites in the duck-rearing zone had the highest Mn concentration, while garbage dumping site had the lowest Mn concentration. Human activity such as aquaculture had an obvious effect on the concentration of Mn in Lake Baiyangdian.
Study on the Particulate Microstructure of Different Oxygenated Fuels
Authors: Li Ming Di , Wang Zhong , Liu Shu Ai , Li Rui Na , Zhao Yang
Published: August 2013

The microstructures of particulates fueled with ethanol/diesel, DMC/diesel, and biodiesel/diesel blends were studied using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of oxygenated fuels on the microstructures of particulates were studied. The results showed that the particulates presented with chain and group like structures. The particulate size was approximately following the normal distribution. With the increase of oxygenated fuels blends ratios, the extent of agglomeration increased and the structure arrangement became closer.
The Design of Electrostatic Precipitation for the Home Heating Boiler with Fine Coal Water Slurry Combustion
Authors: Nie Li Jun , Liu Yang , Huang Mei
Published: August 2013

The coal-water slurry produced with Datong coal was tested in a home boiler for heating. The experiment results of dust collection with the new tube type electrostatic precipitation of fly ash of coal water slurry combustion fit the emission standard of air pollutants for boilers (GB 13271-2001). The parameters for the electrostatic precipitation are as follows: the drift velocity of fly ash of coal water slurry combustion, 10.39 cm/s, the number of the tube, 64, the size of the tube, 25.6cm×25.6cm×20cm, the power, 0.24kW.
The Generation and Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Li Xiang , Dai Hui Xin , Yang Xin Long
Published: August 2013

The paper analyses the major harm and the forming mechanism of acid mine drainage (AMD). Explain the treatment technology of acid mine drainage respectively from physical, chemical and biological aspects, and discuss the advantages and defects of various methods.
Effect of Thermal Conditioning on Combustion and Pollutant Emissions Characteristics of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ge Shi Fu , Zhao Pei Tao
Published: August 2013

Thermal conditioning (TC) can improve sludge mechanical dewaterability and drying performance, and produce solid fuel from sewage sludge with low-cost and harmlessness. This study investigates the influence of the TC on sludge combustion with thermogravemetric analysis of sewage sludge with/without TC. The experiments were carried out at a 150 mL/min air ambient with a heating rate of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 °C/min. Tow integration approximation methods (Coats-Redfern and Flynn,-Wall-Ozawa) and a differential method (Kissinger method) were applied to study the kinetics. The Coats-Redfern method requires assuming the reaction’s kinetic mechanism. The calculated activation energy was lower than that from the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger, which were very close to each other. Among these methods, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa can predict the energy required at every combustion stage, which therefore would be the best one to explore the combustion mechanism. The results show that the organic matters within sewage sludge are much more homogeneous after TC. The combustion of the thermal conditioning sludge (TCS) is much more stable with a 10% reduction in burnout time and a 9.94% reduction in combustion temperature range. The ignition temperature of the raw sludge keeps increasing from 188 to 224 °C with the heating rate, while that of the TCS is almost constant at 222-240 °C. The TC can improve the activation energy, which is about 144.52 and123.00 kJ/mol for the raw sludge (RS) and TCS. Considering the gaseous pollutant emissions, the TC can dramatically reduce NO emissions, which is decreased from 14.22 to 6.59 mg/g by the TC, representing a reduction of 50.7%. Therefore, the TC can promote the hydrolysis of macromolecular organics, which would improve the sludge combustion performance, and reduce the gaseous pollutant emissions from combustion.
Activity of Fe2O3 and its Effect on Co Oxidation in the Chemical Looping Combustion: An Theoretical Account
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Qu , Qin Wu , Zheng Zong Ming , Xiao Xian Bin , Dong Chang Qing
Published: August 2013

The study focuses on Fe2O3 oxygen carrier for CO oxidation in chemical-looping combustion (CLC) system. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to detect the performance of Fe2O3 during CLC of CO. Reaction mechanism between CO and Fe2O3 was explored in details, which demonstrates that Fe2O3 with more low-fold O atoms on the surface could promote the activity of the Fe-based oxygen carrier in CLC system.
Experimental Study on Mass Transfer Performances in a New Rotating Packed Bed
Authors: He Li Juan , Li Jie Qiong , Ni Yan Ling , Yi Jun Hua , Wu Wen Fei
Published: August 2013

Based on the vapor-liquid equilibrium principle, a new rotating packed absorption tower was presented against some traditional gas-liquid countercurrent tower defects. An experimental device was built to test CO2 absorption efficiency in the packed absorption tower under the given experimental conditions. The experimental results show that the new packed absorption tower can capture the simulated flue gas CO2 and have a higher efficiency 87.8%.
Study on Active Recovery of Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation and Start-Up of ASBR Reactor
Authors: Zhang Li , Hu Xiao Min , Jiang Bin Hui , Huang Yong Gang
Published: August 2013

In order to prevent the loss of microbes, added anaerobic ammonia oxidation to (ASBR) reactor plus membrane as the growth of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria carrier. After 30d cultivate, the activity of anammox bacteria restore to the original level, and improve TN volume load train anammox bacteria. The whole process of NH4+-N and NO2--N removal rate has remained at more than 90%.After the activity recovery of anammox NH4+-N, NO2--N the ratio of consumption to the NO3--N generation finally tends to a certain value (1. 00b 1. 30 b 0. 25).In the process of cultivate, the sludge was gradually changed from black to red brown color .Results show that the ASBR is well suited for anammox enrichment culture of bacteria.
Study on Mechanisms of Hydrothermal Dechlorination of Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Quantum Chemical Method
Authors: Li Jian Ping , Hu Yu Yan , Chen De Zhen , Li Xian Wei
Published: August 2013

Nearly all the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are highly hazardous pollutants which do harm to organisms and have to be disposed before entering into environment. The dechlorination mechanisms of mono-chlorobenzene under hydrothermal condition (200°C, 1.5MPa) was investigated in this paper by quantum chemical methods, corresponding experiments was performed to verify the feasibility of the mechanisms. The results of modeling showed hydrated ferric ions reacted with mono-chlorobenzene in redox mechanisms and the activation energy needed in the reduction reaction with [Fe (H2O)6]2+ is lower than in the oxidation with [Fe (H2O)6]3+ .The experimental results were consistent with the quantum chemistry calculation of the redox mechanisms.
Study on Spray on Degradation of TNT-RDX Explosives Wastewater by Synergetic Ozonation
Authors: Duan Hai Xia
Published: August 2013

TNT-RDX wastewater is hard to biodegrade and highly toxic. The self-made reactor was used to degrade the wastewater, spray and the conditions of droplet diameter, number of nozzle, spray height were clearly observed. The results show that the average COD removal rate of TNT-RDX wastewater was 69.6%.The spray conditions can improve the dispersion of the wastewater and increase the use of the residual ozone in gas phase. Keywords: Spray; TNT-RDX wastewater; ozone; UV; GAC
Study on the Countermeasures of NOx Emission Reduction in Chengdu Economic Circle
Authors: Wang Wen Yong , Ma Xiao Juan
Published: August 2013

Based on the detailed survey on the source and volume of NOx emission over Chengdu Economic Circle, the third-generation air quality model CMAQ is adopted for simulating the density of NOx in the air over Chengdu Economic Circle. The result shows that the hourly concentration, daily mean concentration and annual mean concentration of NOx in air exceed the standard data, and the affected areas respectively account for 0.2%, 0.18% and 0.12% of the total area of the economic circle. Meanwhile, in accordance with the simulation calculation, The NOX emission of the vehicle exhaust, the thermal power plant and the cement plant are the major NOX concentration contribution sources in air, contribution rate is amounting to 39.13%, 21.41% and 15.34% respectively. Thus, three main measures to reduce the emission of NOx of Chengdu Economic Circle are proposed as follows: firstly, strengthen the management of vehicle and reduce the emission of NOx by the vehicle; secondly, manage the NOx of the industrial enterprise; flue gas denitrification equipment must be constructed in the thermal power plant and cement manufacturing enterprise, and the comprehensive denitration efficiency of the thermal power plant should be not less than 70% and the comprehensive denitration efficiency of the cement plant should not be less than 60%; thirdly, joint prevention and control measures should be implemented between the cities, so as to reduce the transport of NOx. With the application of the above measures, the emission reductions of NOx can be reduced to 55% of the existing volume, and the concentration of NOx in the air can meet with the Class II of national ambient air quality Standard.
The Development and Application on Excessive Sludge Disintegration of a New-Style Cavitator
Authors: Huang Yong Gang , Yang Hong Wei , Wang Yue , Hu Xiao Min
Published: August 2013

How to treat and reuse the excessive sludge effectively and economically has become the most important task in wastewater treatment investigation. It is the significant precondition and key to the follow-up treatment. A new-style cavitator was developed which had ventilation and rotating function to disintegrate excessive sludge cells. These designs could avoid blocking and save energy. The cavitator was used to disintegrate the excessive sludge cells, and the disintegration effect was evaluated by the dissolution rate of the intracellular matters. The operating parameters were optimized through the orthogonal experiments. While the cavitation number was1.8 and the ventilation ratio was 1.4%, the unit energy consumption was 600W/kg. If 1 m3 of excessive sludge was treated for 30 minutes, 1000 MJ of energy would be consumed, which was lower than that of ultrasonic method by 40%. In the first 10 minutes, the average dissolution rate of SCOD was 0.06%/s.
The Research Progress of Particulate Emissions from Vehicles with Gasoline Direct Injection Engines
Authors: Liu Guang Yang , Liu Yu , Pang Jian Xi , Qin Yan
Published: August 2013

The objective of this research is to introduce the main gasoline direct injection vehicle particulate emissions characteristics researches in the world. Many investigations of particulate sizing and number count from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles at different driving cycles were performed. Lots of particulate emissions are measured for FTP-75, NEDC, HWTET, SC03, and US06 cycles and these cycles can reflect different aspects of the particulate emissions. In some papers, both engine-out and tailpipe emissions were measured. Some investigation showed high sensitivity of the particulate number or size distribution to changes with the engine control parameters including A/F, ignition timing, EOI and so on.On the whole, the particulate number during different Driving Cycle is shown along with further analysis of the transient particulate emissions. The cold start process obviously affects particulate formation. Even beyond cold start, the particulate number emissions decrease as the test progresses. The results coming from the particulate measurement system sampling directly from the exhaust showed very rapid increases in particulate emissions during engine transients.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Oxalic Acid Extraction of Copper from Plateau Red Soil and Tessier Speciation Evaluation
Authors: Zheng Yan , Zhou Xue Jin , Gao Yun Tao , Huang Sheng Li , Yuan Ruo Sen , Li Jian Hong , Hu An Fei
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The copper in plateau red soil was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted oxalic acid. Tessier fractional extraction method was used to evalute copper speciation. The result showed that the biggest extraction rate was 69%. Compared with oscillation extraction, the extraction rate of ultrasonic extraction was increased by 7.18% under the condition of 0.1 mol/L oxalic acid, 20:1 of liquid-solid ratio and 30 min of extraction time. Ultrasound could promote the oxalic acid extraction of copper from plateau red soil effectively, which could be attributed the success to the activation effect of ultrasound on bound to carbonates speciation and bound to iron and manganese speciation.
Simulation and Optimization of Compound A2/O Treatment Process Based on Model ASM3
Authors: Hu Xiao , Zhang Yong Xiang , Wang Yi Fan , Peng Shuo Jia
Published: August 2013

Introduction is given to the content of activated sludge model No.3 (ASM3). The simulation program which based on the integration of ASM3 and Anaerobic Digestion Model was used to simulate A2/O with AquaMats Process. The predicted results of effluent COD, NH3-N and NO3-N accorded with the actuality. The removal efficiency of TP was quite low when sludge return rate was 100%. Based on this condition, the improved scheme which adjusts sludge reflux ratio to 60% was put forward and simulated. Process was optimized depending on the simulation results and the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TP reached to 83.1%, 98.75 and 24.01%. It is verified that ASM3 can be used as the platform of activated sludge process design.
Accumulation and Distribution of Soil Soluble N in Greenhouse Soil
Authors: Lu Cai Yan , Zhao Ya Jie , Quan Zhi , Ma Jian , Chen Xin , Shi Yi
Published: August 2013

The amount of soil total soluble N (TSN), NH4+-N, NO3--N and soluble organic N (SON) declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth (P < 0.0001). Compared with CK, application of chicken manure significantly increased the amount of soil TSN and NO3--N by 77.0% and 213.0% in the CM20 treatment, and 176.4% and 766.4% in the CM 30 treatment, respectively (P < 0.0001). The amount of soil NH4+-N was lower in CM20 treatment than CK and CM30 treatments. However, the amount of soil SON was higher in CM20 treatment than CK and CM30 treatments (P < 0.0001). Proportion of NH4+-N to TSN was lowest. Application of chicken manure remarkably increased the proportion of NO3--N to TSN, and decreased that of NH4+-N and SON to TSN (P < 0.0001). Soil SON accounted for the majority of soluble N irrespective of soil layer in CK and CM20 treatments, and followed by NO3--N. However, the trend was reversed in CM30 treatments. This result indicated that application of chicken manure significantly increased the amount of soil soluble N, especially SON and NO3--N, which may extend N leaching risk into deeper soil layer.
Isolation of One Strain for Biodegradation of Diesel Fuel from Sea Water
Authors: Han Pei Pei , Jiang Ping Zhe , Liu Xiang He , Huang Hong Yi , Duan Wen Qian , Jia Shi Ru
Published: August 2013

Four diesel fuel degrading microorganisms were isolated from soil and sea water from Crude Oil Terminal at Tianjin Port using diesel fuel as sole carbon source, and they all could degrade diesel fuel. The initial diesel fuel concentration in the culture medium was optimized and was 1.5 g/L. The ability of the four strains to degrade diesel was compared by spectrophotometer with the initial diesel concentration at 1.5 g/L. The results showed that the strain C1 had the highest degrading activity, which could degrade 32.59% of diesel in 7 days. The strain C1 was further identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Rhodococcus erythropolis, and the phylogenetic tree of the strain C1 was constructed.
The Subcellular Distributions of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Plumbum and Zinc in Hyperaccumulator and Accumulator
Authors: Wang Xing Wei , Liu Zi Fang
Published: August 2013

The subcellular distributions of cadmium, chromium, copper, plumbum and zinc in hyperaccumulator (Pterts vittata and Solanum nigrum) and accumulator (Conyza Canadensis and Digitaria sanguinalis) had been studied in pot experiment. The results showed that hyperaccumulator and accumulator had different accumulation capacity of five heavy metals. The total content of five heavy metals in four plants roots was followed the order: P. vittata > S. nigrum > D. sanguinalis > C. Canadensis, and the total content of five heavy metals in four plants shoots was: S. nigrum > D. sanguinalis > P. vittata > C. canadensis. So, S. nigrum is the best repair material, followed by D. sanguinalis. The subcellular distributions of five heavy metals in the same hyperaccumulator or accumulator were different, indicating that different plants had different detoxification mechanism for different heavy metals. The proportion order of subcellular distribution of total heavy metal content in four plants roots was: F1 > F3 > F2, and the shoots had the same order. It could be conclude that plants weaken the toxicity of heavy metal by accumulating more heavy metal in the cell wall.
Optimization of Conditions for Wastewater Treatment and Kinetics Establishment by Yeast
Authors: Song Chen , Li Jiang Ping , Sun Yi Xin , Long Hai , Wu Wei
Published: August 2013

Yeast SP1 was selected from the three strains to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater from refining part of N, 2, 3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23). The effects of some factors on the degradation for wastewater from refining part of WS-23 were investigated and the optimum conditions for biological water treatment by yeast SP1 were obtained through orthogonal experiments. The results indicate that this wastewater can be treated directly by yeast without any pre-treatment and the best conditions are as follows: inoculum is 10% (v/v), reaction temperature at 30 °C for 48 h. Under these conditions, the total COD removal efficiency can reach 87.11%. In addition, according to Monod model, the kinetics parameters were obtained from the experiments by determining influent COD (S0), effluent COD (Se), biomass (X) and the kinetics of COD removal was established, furthermore, the difference of experimental and calculated values was within 1 hour by testing.
Synthesis and Dye Degradation Properties of Cu2+ Complexes with Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Yin Zhi , Shi Yong Qiang , Tian Lian Zhu , Xu Huo Ying
Published: August 2013

Six benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and charactrized by IR spectra, 1H-NMR spectra and MS spectra. The coordination reaction of the derivatives with CuCl2. And six novel Cu (II) complexes with the derivatives were prepared and characterized by UV spectra, IR spectra and elemental analysis. The catalytic degradation of methyl orange aqueous solution was investigated using the complexes as catalysis in presence H2O2 by HPLC method and Vis-spectrophotometry. The result of characterization showed that there are four coordination sites around Cu (II) in all complexes, which are respectively occupied by one sulfur atom (from the derivative), one nitrogen atom (from the derivative), one oxygen atom ( from the OH-) and one chlor atom (from the Cl-). The degradation of methyl orange indicated that all the complexes show the properties of enzyme activity. And the main degradation products determined were hydroquinone and maleic acid.
Modification of Fly Ash and its Application State Research in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Zhan Hua , Zhou Bing , Sun Xue Jing , Peng Ju Wei
Published: August 2013

Coal fly ashes are a coal combustion product at high temperature. With a certain porous structure and large specific surface area, they have certain adsorption capacities and can be used as the materials for watewater treatment.But limited by the adsorption properties, the raw coal fly ashes have a very low pollutant removal efficiency, and can not meet the practical requirements of wastewater treatment. Therefore, researches now focus on the coal coal fly ashes modification, including increasing the active components in them, enlarging the specific surface area to improve their performance, and to enhance their wastewater treatment effects.Aiming at providing some references of their integrated utilization in wastewater treatment, the modification methods and application status of the coal coal fly ashes are summarized.
Feasibility Analysis of Anaerobic Biocathode Enhancing Biological Degradation of Recalcitrant Chlorinated Nitroaromatic Compounds (CNAs)
Authors: Guo Shuang , Guo Wan Qian , Yuan Yuan , Ren Nan Qi , Wang Ai Jie
Published: August 2013

Anaerobic biological technology and bioelectrochemical technology are regarded as promising sustainable wastes treatment processes. With biocatalysis in BESs anode or cathode, various pollutants can be removed. The pollutants range from nitrogen and sulfur to complex compounds. However, the investigation on recalcitrant wastes removal with biocathode has only been reported recently. Recalcitrant wastes, especially chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds, are highly persistent and toxic environmental pollutions which should be removed before discharging to environment. This paper provides a review on anaerobic biocathode BESs for recalcitrant wastes treatment and the feasibility of this system for CANs transformation. It is expected that anaerobic biocathode BESs can provide an appropriate condition for these compounds to transform to easily degradable forms. The technical challenges for future research are also discussed.
Impact of Controlling Different Kinds of Waste Sludge with Acid and Alkaline on Release of Ammonia and Phosphate
Authors: Yuan Hong Ying , Wang Xiao Pei , Wu Li Jie , Niu Si Fang
Published: August 2013

pH was controlled to 3.0 or 10.0, with pH uncontrolled as blank, to study the release of ammonia and phosphate for different kinds of waste sludge, namely primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS), and mixed sludge (MS) composed of PS and WAS at a ratio. The results show that acidity and alkalinity has different effects on different kinds of sludge at room temperature. When the pH is controlled to 10.0, it is observed that ammonia for PS and WAS is rapidly released to the top, 6.53mg/g TS and 8.40mg/g TS on the 4th day. But from the peak value on, the release amount shows downward until the experiment period ends. At pH 3.0 the release amount for PS is little, even less than the blank test, while the release amount for WAS is higher at pH 3.0 in all the period, and arrives at the maximum 10.07mg/g TS on the 6th day, after which the values keep relatively stable. Compared with the release of ammonia, the changes of release amount of phosphate is similar to the two kinds of waste sludge mentioned above, acidity>alkalinity>blank test ,and the amount at pH 10.0 is close to the blank test. Because of high percentage of PS, the release law of ammonia for MS is similar to PS. The order of release amount is as follows: alkalinity>blank test>acidity, but PS is different , the release amount at pH 10.0 always keeps rising until the period ends. The release of phosphate is consistent with the PS and WAS except that it is inhibited under alkaline condition.
Algicidal Effect of an Algicidal Bacterium and Preliminary Studies on its Algicidal Mechanism
Authors: Liu Liang , Chen Xue Zhen , Zhang Wen Yi
Published: August 2013

In this study, algicidal effects of an algicidal bacterium, strain TL, on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The results demonstrate that the bacteria-algae ratio had a significant impact on algicidal effects. Illumination conditions affected the algicidal effects of TL as well. In illumination and darkness cycling, the optimum algicidal effects were realized. Algicidal mechanism of TL was further studied. TL may kill algae through the secretion of certain extracellular nonprotein substance. This research may provide technical basis for biological algae control of Microcystis aeruginosa.
The Characteristics and Kinetics of 4-CP with Pb2+ Biodegradation by Fusarium sp.
Authors: Wang Xiao Xiao , Yu Xiao Qin , Pan Jun Ya , Li Ji Wu
Published: August 2013

The effects of Pb2+concentration, pH and additional carbon source on biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) byFusariumsp. were investigated, and the characteristic and kinetic of 4-CP biodegradation were analyzed. It was concluded that 4-CP biodegradation rate byFusariumsp. decreased a little at concentration of Pb2+0.20 mg/L and 4-CP 50 mg/L. The suitable biodegradation pH was range from 6 to 7. Additional carbon source (phenol) might increase the rate of 4-CP biodegradation. The kinetic equations of 4-CP biodegradation were well accord with the zero order reaction equation at different concentration of Pb2+.
Study on Adsorption of Heavy Metalion in Metallurgical Wastewater by Sepiolite
Authors: Zhou Xiu Yan , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: August 2013

In this study, the sorption of heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+) from simulated metallurgical wastewater by sepiolite under different dosage, pH, adsorption time and temperature conditions was investigated. The results showed that adsorption increased with the increase of adsorbent dosage until the adsorption equilibrium was reached. When the pH is 6, adsorption of heavy metal ions by sepiolite was in the order of Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+ and removal rates of the metal ion were 91%, 90%, 91%, 84%, respectively. The effect of adsorption time on adsorption was not significant. At room temperature, with the adsorption time 45 min, the adsorption of metal ions is almost saturated, adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ was 13.05mg/g, 85.47mg/g, 62.36mg/g and 15.67mg/g, respectively.
Study on Rural Sanitary Sewage Treatment in Compound Purifying Tank
Authors: Xu Gong Di , Hu Jin Zhao , Huang Zhao Hui , Zhan Da Dong , Li Chong , Chen Ji Hua
Published: August 2013

In the present work, a novel compound purifying tank was adopted in the rural sanitary sewage treatment. The cultivation and acclimation of biological film could be completed in a short start-up by aerobic precoating. According to the running results,the average COD removal rate reached 59.62%,and the removal efficiency of TP was 33.4%.For the denitrogenation,the removal rates were not remarkable (21.7 to NH4+-N,21.9 to TN),but the large removal quantity of NH4+-N and TN were abtained as 8.58mg/L and 9.12mg/L,respectively. The study suggests that the compound purifying tank is a potential alternative for rural sanitary sewage treatment.
Characteristics of Cu2+ Adsorption by Modified Rice Straw
Authors: Liu Ming Da , Guo Lei , Yang Jun , Wang Yao Jing
Published: August 2013

In this paper, modified rice straw was investigated for its Cu2+removal ability from aqueous solution. The effects of environmental factors on metal biosorption were studied under static state, including initial concentration of metal ions, sorption time, initial pH value and adsordent dosage. In addition, the relevant equilibrium, kinetics were discussed. The results showed that the rice straw which was modified by NaOH had been improved greatly in its Cu2+removal ability. The rice straw had good effects on adsorption of low concentration of Cu2+solution. The adsorption data fit Langmuir isotherm model well, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu2+reached 8.48 mg·g-1. The adsorption of Cu2+on the modified rice straw was a very rapid process, the kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order equation well. The pH value had prominent effect on the removal rate of Cu2+, adsorption efficient could reach over 92% when pH value was between 5 and 6.5. With increasing adsordent dosage, the removal rate of Cu2+increased.
Biodegradation Characteristics and Bioaugmentation Potential of an Efficient O-Cresol-Degrading Strain Isolated from Petrochemical Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Yan Jia Bao , Xu Long Long , Wei Xin
Published: August 2013

O-cresol and its isomers are one of the major pollutants to water environment. In this study, a highly effective o-cresol-degradation strain was isolated from the activated sludge of a petrochemical sewage treatment. Based on its morphology, physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, it was identified as Pseudomonas sp. The optimal operating temperature, initial pH and rotary shaker speed for the strain to degrade o-cresol were experimentally determined to be 30°C,pH 6.5~8.0 and 150~200 rpm, respectively. Substrate scope experiment showed that the strain can degrade o-cresols other isomers and phenol. The degradation kinetics of the strain can be described by competitive substrate inhibition model with a maximum specific degradation rate of 0.055h-1. Furthermore, the bioaugmentation of the strain in the refinery wastewater to degrade o-cresol was investigated. The result showed that the strain is able to survive in refinery wastewater with high concentration of o-cresol and remove it efficiently.
Effect of Different Biochars on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat on Different Soils
Authors: Liu Xian , Liu Ming Da , Gao Zeng Gui , Yang Dan
Published: August 2013

Effects of two types of biochars from wheat straw (SB) and hard miscellaneous woods (WB), combined with two types of soils on the growth and yield of wheat were evaluated to identify biochar addition to suitable soils on crop yield for accelerating biochar application. Plant growth variables and yields were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results showed that both biochar additions to an alkaline soil had little or negative effect on plant growth and wheat yield. However, to neutral soil, addition of both biochars could improve plant growth and increase significantly the wheat yield. There were significant differences on effective spikelet, number of seeds, above ground biomass and no significant differences on total spikelet, TKW among different treatments which SB was applied in neutral soil, whereas there were no significant differences on any aforementioned index at application of WB in neutral soil. Further analysis indicated that effect of SB on yield was better than that of WB, and 6% SB and 2% WB were the best for neutral soil respectively.
Research on the Characteristic of Dyeing-Printing Wastewater Treatment with Micro-Aerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Zhu Ling Feng , Huang Dou Dou , Ye Chao , Wang Xiao Min , Wu Jie Yan , Tian Yan E
Published: August 2013

In order to treat dyeing-printing wastewater, the experiment took reflux tank, self-regulating control valve making of medical infusion, air flow meter, dissolved oxygen instrument, aerator pumps and aeration equipment under the micro-aerobic condition by IC reactor. The result indicates that the concentration of dissolved oxygen at 0.3 ~ 0.5 mg/L, increasing the load of mixed water and in-flow water by 25% and 7% separately in turn, the experiment is feasible. When COD load reached 2188.2 mg/ L in the mixed wastewater, the components in printing and dyeing wastewater are poisonous and repressive to the grown of granular sludge, which also illuminates that the function of micro-aerobic granular sludge treating printing and dyeing wastewater is limitary. When the influent load reached 4655.1mg / L or so, dissolved oxygen was 0.3 ~ 0.5mg / L, HRT was 6h, the reactor worked best, this moment, the removal rate of COD could reach 85.8%.
Study on the Method of Lime Cream to Remove Sodium from Fly Ash Red Mud by Soda-Lime Sintering Process
Authors: Bai Guang Hui , Lv Lin , Wang Tong Song , Li Peng Cheng , He Cai Ling
Published: August 2013

It is the first time to remove sodium from the fly ash red mud by soda-lime sintering process to determine whether the fly ash red mud can be used in cement production. This paper studies the effects of the reaction time, the reaction temperature, the ratio of liquid to solid, and the amount of sodium removal agent on the removal of milk of lime method of fly ash red mud in sodium. The optimal reaction conditions are that: the reaction time is 120min, the reaction temperature is 90°C, the ratio of liquid to solid ratio is 6:1, and the ratio of sodium removal agent Ca (OH) 2 to the red mud of Na2O use ratio is 9:1. Under this condition, the sodium removal rate (Na2O, the same below) to 57.2%, the total sodium content in fly ash red mud decreases from 4.7% to 1.8% after sodium removal, achieving the expected goal.
Utilization of a Combined Metabolic Uncoupler to Reduce Sludge Yield in Sequence Batch Reactor System
Authors: Feng Xiao Chi , Guo Wan Qian , Jin Wen Biao , Yang Shan Shan , Hao Shuai , Zheng He Shan , Ren Nan Qi
Published: August 2013

This paper is to explore the feasibility of a novel combined uncoupler of 3,3ˊ,4ˊ,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on excess activated sludge reduction compared to single dose of TCS and TCP. Four sequenced batch reactors (SBR) were continuously operated during two-month period dosed by different concentration of metabolic uncoupler. The comparative experiments showed that the combined uncoupler could effectively limit sludge yield by approximately 52%, followed by TCS, TCP, without obvious affecting the TOC removal rate and SVI value. At the end of the operation, the variation of zeta potential clearly indicated that uncoupler dosing affected the flocculability of activated sludge. The study demonstrated applying a combined uncoupler was feasible and promising technique to reduce sludge yield in SBR.
Characteristic of Granular Sludge Bed and Granular Sludge in Interior Diversion Expanded Granular Sludge Bed
Authors: Li Guang , Li Jing , Sun Ke
Published: August 2013

The interior diversion expanded granular sludge bed was concurrently operated for 140d to study the characteristic of the granular sludge bed. The influent COD concentration varied from 2000mg/L to 22300 mg/L, hydraulic retention time was maintained constant at 24 h and the organic loading rate was changed through a change in substrate concentration. The results showed that the reactor had great COD removal efficiency. When the MLSS was 23.1g/L, the influent COD was 18890mg/L, the COD removal efficiency was 80.4%; The interior diversion EGSB could greatly improve the role of gas-dynamic, when the liquid upflow velocity was 3.55m/h, the gas production was 5.96 L/d shows higher sludge bed expansion rate than 2.77 L/d about 9.5%. During the experimental, the anaerobic sludge has the following properties: the average sludge diameter was increased from 0.41mm to 1.66mm. Observed under the scanning electronic microscopy, we found that the sludge appeared obviously granulation, the bacteria amount and species are more than seed sludge after operation of 50d. It was found that rough surface of anaerobic sludge has clear figure with being covered by mucous lamina, with visible hole or cavity on surface.
Soybean Whey Treatment with an Air Sparging Ultrafiltration System
Authors: Lv Si Hao , Liang Zhi Hui , Zen Yan Yan , Fan Hong Bo
Published: August 2013

A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the incorporation of air sparging for enhancing ultrafiltration membrane filterability in treating soybean whey. The results showed that the decline of membrane permeate flux was slowed down by air sparging. The filtration could continue for 1200 minutes with acceptable permeate flux under the optimal parameters as temperature of 45°C, pH of 7.0, transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.05MPa and air sparging intensity of 5.0m3/h. The experiment also revealed that air sparging was advantageous to hydrodynamic flushing and chemical cleaning to reclaim membrane permeate flux. Moreover, the effect of air sparging on the retaining ratios of protein and sugar was investigated.
The Preparation of Loaded Photocatalyst for Advanced Treatment of NH3-N in Coking Water
Authors: Tian Yong Shu , Hou Run Xin
Published: August 2013

Photocatalyst of Fe-Sm-Yb modified TiO2 loaded on clay brick was prepared for degradation of NH3-N in coking water. The influence factors of NH3-N degradation rates were discussed by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum process conditions of photocatalytic degradation NH3-N in coking water were confirmed. The results show that NH3-N degradation rates 82.23% were highest in the conditions of pH 6.5, photocatalyst charge of 1.4 g, illumination for 6h, reaction at 55°C, calcination at 500°C.
Adsorption of Nickel and Cobalt Ions on Magnesium Silicate
Authors: Yang Hua , Wang Hai Zeng
Published: August 2013

Magnesium silicate (MS) was successfully prepared and the physico-chemical properties were determined by N2adsorption/desorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and the average pore size were 120 cm3·g-1and 10 nm. Adsorption experiments of removal of nickel and cobalt ions were investigated as the function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, adsorption time and solution pH value. The maximum removal was reached with pH equal to 5 for the removal of nickel and cobalt ions. Adsorption process was rapid and adsorption equilibriums were attained in a short time.
Cleanup Case Study of Waste Printed Circuit Boards on Illegal Dumping Sites
Authors: Chou Chih Yen , Chang Ching Jung , Wang Alex , Wu Pei Yao , Wu Chung Pao
Published: August 2013

This paper study was commenced to treat fatal contamination at the Er-Jen River, supplied water for agricultural irrigation, aquaculture and industrial in Kaohsiung and Tainan Area, when the Sixth River Management of Water Resources Agency (WRA) developed the project to build flood embankment. The fatal contamination was throw into the discard by illegal manufacturer which discarded the wastage of printed circuit boards, toxic heavy metal contained sludge, and waste aluminum slag. The treatment project was conducted by Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) on preliminary tests, cleanup planning, and process supervision to ensure contamination removal, flood protection, and landscape improvement. The accumulative volume cleaned and screened on this site reached 45,159 cubic meters, whereas 378.25 tons of waste printed circuit boards, 12,833 tons of toxic heavy metal contained sludge, and 31,000 tons of general industrial wastages. The waste printed circuit boards through stripping/acid washing and screening, there are 334.653 tons valuable (including 0.143 tons of copper and 334.51 tons of wire casting materials) from the recycle extract and 43.597 tons of wastes that were not valuable for reutilize. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests were conducted on the site after cleanup to verify the treatment work successful, because the rate of contamination removal was greater than 90%.
Allelopathic Inhibitory Effects of the Dried Macroalga Ulva pertusa on the Photosynthetic Activities of Red Tide-Causing Microalga Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Ye Chang Peng , Zhang Meng Cheng
Published: August 2013

Allelopathic effects of dried macroalgaUlva pertusa(Chlorophyta) on photosynthesis of the microalgaeSkeletonema costatum(Bacillariophyta) were evaluated using coexistence culture systems.S. costatumwas cultured with different biomass of driedU. pertusaunder controlled laboratory conditions for three days. The chlorophylla(Chla) fluorescence transient O-J-I-P curve coupled with its specific parameters inS. costatumwas established. The oxygen evolution rate was measured, the Chlafluorescence transients were recorded in vivo at high time resolution and analyzed according to the JIP-test which can quantify photosystem II activity. A clear dose-dependent relationships were observed between the dried biomass ofU. pertusaand its inhibitory effect onS. costatum.The rate of light-saturated maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution (Pmax) was markedly decreased by different biomass of driedU. pertusa, while dark respiration rate (Rd) was increased. A decrease in the O-J-I-P curve expressed as Chlafluorescence intensity along with its specific parameters were observed, which was also time-dependent. The main photosynthetic inhibitory targets of the macroalga on the microalga, according to oxygen evolution rate and the JIP-test, can be expressed as, the damage to the oxygen-evolving complex, a decrease in the number of active reaction centers and the blocking of the electron transport chain. The results of the present study suggest that dried fragments ofU. pertusaeffectively inhibit photosynthesis inS. costatum.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Sewage by Modified Honeycomb Cinder
Authors: Liang Qi Bin , Liu Yun Gen , Tian Kun
Published: August 2013

The study aimed at phosphorus and nitrogen removal by honeycomb cinder modified with Zinc chloride (ZnCl2). By bench-scale batch experiments, honeycomb cinders with different modification time and ZnCl2 dosage were modified and its adsorption capacities were evaluated by methylence blue as the adsorbate. Under the optimal modification conditions, large amount modified honeycomb cinders were prepared to remove the phosphorus and nitrogen from domestic sewage, which different operating conditions of honeycomb cinders dosage, and contact time were considered. The results show that removal efficiencies of total phosphate (TP), orthophosphate (PO43-P), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) could reach 89.9%, 96.7%, 18.9% and 23.3% under the optimal conditions, respectively. Modified honeycomb cinders might be an effective and low cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal.
Reverse Logistics Activities for Renewable Resource Industry - A Case of Tianjin in China
Authors: Li Xiu Ping , Jia Xiao Chuan , Li Jing , Zhao Zhuo , Yin Jian Feng , Xu He
Published: August 2013

The rapid growth in end-of-life electronic products in recent years has seriously threatened the environment. While if the renewable resource industry introduced the concept of modern logistics, they will be the best carrier for the activities of reverse logistics. The paper aimed to find out the way for the renewable resource enterprises taking part in the reverse logistics, and how they could cooperate with the Manufacturing Industrial Park, and then form the Regional Eco-Industrial Park. This research took two typical districts of Tianjin Ziya Environmental Protection Industrial Park and Tianjin Economic Technological Development Area for example to discuss the foundation and the management for the renewable resource industry in Tianjin, and built a closed-loop supply chain for end-of-life electronic products recycling.
Distribution Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of Cd and Hg in Sediments on the Zhenjiang Ancient Canal River
Authors: Chen Zhi Gang , Wei An Ping , Zhou Xiao Hong
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the speciation and contents of two types of heavy metals (Cd and Hg) in the sediments in Power Bridge (D1) and Nanshui Bridge (N2) in the middle part of the Ancient Canal in Zhenjiang. The relationship between the speciation of these heavy metals and their environmental factors were described. Morerover, the ecological hazard and trace to the source of these two types of heavy metals was also determined preliminarily. The results showed that (1) the main heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Power Bridge and Nanshui Bridge is Cd, and the average value is 20 mg/Kg, 17 mg/Kg, respectively, which were higher than environmental background value;(2) The peak value of Hg and Cd were near equilibrium in the 0.1-0.2m depth of Sediments; (3) Calculate the individual potential ecological risk index in the sediments of heavy metal element of two sample points both quantity of contents are Cd>Hg. And visible ecological threat of heavy metals were from Cd. After removing the Cd value, the RI value showed that ecological harm index basically below mild ecological harm degree.
Study on Fe3O4 Magnetism Nanoparticle Catalytic Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye in Wastewater
Authors: Liang Ai Hui , Han Dong Qin , Gan Hui Yue , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the effect of Fe3O4nanoparticle catalytic degradation brilliant blue X-BR dye was studied using spectrophotometric method. It was found that in the media of pH 0.65 HCl-NaAc buffer solution, 100 μmol/L H2O2, 0.7 g/L Fe3O4nanoparticle and the temperature 25°C, the degradation rate for reactive brilliant blue X-BR was over 93.5% in 20 min under the optimal conditions.