bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE FIRST MITOTIC WAVE RELEASED AMONG RAT KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS BY PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Saetren Hans
Published: August 2010

Mitotic waves were released in kidney tubules by resecting one kidney and a half in a group of 4 rats at intervals of a few hours during the 24‐hr‐cycle. The course of the mitotic wave appearing on the second day after the operation was followed in each half‐kidney by determining the incidence of mitosis at intervals of 3 hours. The waves showed a distinct diurnal pattern of variation: those initiated by resection between noon and midnight had single peaks, while those initiated by resection between 3 a.m. and 9 a.m. gave waves with 2 peaks. It is assumed that the single as well as the paired waves are based mainly on mitoses in the proximal tubules. The alternation between sequences of single‐ and double‐peaked waves through the 24 hours is interpreted as the result of an interference of an endogenous mitotic rhythm, the mitotic wave starting slightly less than 30 hr after the resection.
FOAM CELLS IN THE PLACENTA IN EXTREME HYPERLIPAEMIA
Authors: Rolschau J. , Nielsen F. Hassing , Jacobsen B. Brock
Published: August 2010

A case of delivery complicated by extreme hyperlipaemia, probably of the Friederickson type IV, is reported. We found numerous foam cells in the placenta, mainly concentrated at the edge of the fibrin deposits in the intervillous space. In our opinion, based on the results of light microscopical, histo‐chemical and electron microscopical examinations, the foam cells are free macrophages originating from the maternal circulation. No other essential histological changes were found, and the placenta functioned adequately.
HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE IN ELDERLY MEN
Authors: Harbitz Thorstein B. , Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

As part of a comprehensive study of the testes, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands in relation to abnormal growth of the prostate, the occurrence of benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH), carcinoma (C), diffuse atrophy (DA) and normal histology (N) of the prostate was studied in a consecutive series of 206 men over 40 years of age submitted to necropsy. Atypical glands without obvious invasive properties were recorded separately and termed atypical glandular proliferation (AGP). The occurrence of BNH and C were both strongly related to age. BNH was the most frequent histological pattern encountered (80.1 per cent), and after the age of 70 years, BNH was observed in practically all cases. C was observed in 70 patients (34 per cent) and was an incidental finding at autopsy in all but four cases. After the age of 80 years, 52 per cent carried C. The great majority of carcinomas were small and were located predominantly in the peripheral zone of the prostate. The frequency of C in patients previously operated upon for BNH was similar to that in non‐operated patients. The frequency of BNH in prostates with C was not different from that to be expected as a purely coincidental occurrence. The location of AGP resembled that observed for C. However, the simultaneous occurrence of AGP and BNH was more frequent than that to be expected as pure coincidence. Whether AGP represents benign or potentially malignant lesions remains obscure. The classification of AGP as a benign lesion or carcinoma may markedly influence the prevalence ratios of latent prostatic carcinoma in autopsy series. In patients dying from cardiovascular disease, BNH occurred more frequently, and C less frequently, than what would be expected.
THE NUMBER OF GLOMERULAR CELLS AND SUBSTRUCTURES IN EARLY JUVENILE DIABETES
Authors: ØSterby R.
Published: August 2010

A quantitative study of glomerular cells, of some cell organelles and of basement membrane structures has been performed in control subjects and in patients with juvenile, short‐term diabetes. Cell counts showed that the percentage distribution of the three glomerular cell types, as well as cell density, were normal in the groups of diabetics in which thickening of the peripheral basement membrane and increased amounts of mesangial basement membrane‐like material had been demonstrated. Cellular hyperplasia, therefore, is not a primary event in the development of diabetic glomerulopathy. Cisternae in the endoplasmic reticulum, containing basement membrane‐like material, known to be involved in basement membrane synthesis, showed a tendency to occur with increased frequency in patients with a few years' duration of diabetes. Quantitation of heterogeneous inclusion bodies in epithelial cells and of crater‐like formations on the basement membrane gave similar results. Laminated bodies and whorled banded fibers were observed more frequently in diabetic patients. This suggests that the basement membrane material in diabetic glomeruli is not entirely normal. On the basis of the findings it is tentatively suggested that increased basement membrane synthesis plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy.
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE G ABNORMALITY IN HUMAN MENINGOMAS STUDIED BY THE FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mark Joachim , Mitelman Felix , Levan Göran
Published: August 2010

The chromosomes were studied in eight human meningomas using the fluorescence technique. Five tumours had a hypodiploid stemline with the loss of 1 No. 22, two tumours had a pseudodiploid stemline with a structurally changed G22, and one tumour had a normal stemline but contained variant cells with the loss of one G22. The results were in accordance with previous preliminary observations and demonstrated that there was a specific G pattern in the human meningomas. This G pattern was compared with that found in chronic myeloic leukaemia in man, and the similarities were proposed to be due to basic progressional mechanisms.
THYMIC CYSTS IN OESTROGENIZED BALB/c MICE
Authors: Ebbesen P. , Nielsen M. H.
Published: August 2010

BALB/c male mice injected monthly with 1 mg oestradiol benzoas developed testicular tumours, a generalized lymphocyte depletion, clusters of PAS positive cells in spleen and lymph nodes, spleen amyloid and PAS positive thymus cysts. Treatment of castrated males and intact females induced the same thymus cysts. Thymectomy at three days of age aggravated the lymphopenia, reduced the survival time and accelerated spleen amyloid development in oestrogen treated male and female mice. Testicular tumours appeared in some thymectomized males. All thymus cysts contained gamma globulin and albumin. A lymphocytestimulating factor was not found in thymus extracts of treated mice and Coombs' test and indirect fluorescence tests for autoantibodies were negative. Electron microscopic findings were consistent with ongoing transport by pinocytosis through the cells lining the thymus cysts.
MALIGNANT GIANT‐CELL TUMOUR OF THE COLON
Authors: Eshun‐WlLSON Kwame
Published: August 2010

A case of a giant cell tumour of colon histologically indistinguishable from giant cell tumours of bone is reported. The tumour consisted of multinucleated osteoclast‐like giant‐cells and intervening spindle cells, the latter exhibiting pleomorphism and mitotic activity, indicating malignancy. The writer is unware of a similar case.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN MAN
Authors: Olsen Finn , Loft Birte
Published: August 2010

By means of the leucocyte migration technique it is demonstrated that a hypersensitivity of the delayed type seems to be involved in the hypertensive disease in patients suffering from primary essential hypertension. The migration index is lower than 1.0 in the hypertensive patients, indicating an inhibition of the leucocyte migration, while the index in normotensive control persons shows practically no inhibition. The hypersensitivity is directed towards antigenic substances in the aortic wall of rabbits.
RECURRING DIGITAL FIBROUS TUMOUR OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: Grunnet N. , Genner J. , Mogensen B. , Myhre‐Jensen O.
Published: August 2010

A case of recurring digital fibrous tumour of childhood and the results of the patho‐anatomical and the ultrastructural studies of the tumour are reported. The patient was born with a tumour involving the fourth finger of the right hand and, at the age of 10 years, she had been treated for 8 recurrences or new tumours on her right, third, fourth, and fifth fingers. The case history and the morphological findings indicate a viral origin, but attempts to demonstrate papilloma virus were negative. The thirty published cases of recurring digital fibrous tumour of childhood are surveyed. So far, excision supplemented with skin grafting has been the standard treatment. The best results seem to be obtained by the widest possible excision without damaging the function of the digit. Amputation should be considered uitimum refugium. Distant metastases have never been observed in spite of the high frequency of local recurrence.
PRIMARY POLYCYTHAEMIA
Authors: Visfeidt Jakob , FranzÉn Sixten , Nielsen Arne , Tribukait Bernhard
Published: August 2010

The study comprises 75 patients with primary polycythaemia, treated at the Radiumhemmet in Stockholm. The patients were selected, in that a reasonable representation of four groups were aimed at: untreated, treated without myelofibrosis, treated with myelofibrosis, and treated patients in whom incipient transition into leucaemic phase was suspected clinically. All the treated patients had received 32‐P and/or Myleran. Chromosome analyses of blood and bone marrow were made once or several times. Twenty‐seven clones of bone marrow cells with abnormal chromosomal pattern were demonstrated in 26 patients. Twenty of the clones comprised more than 50 per cent of the cells analysed. It is especially emphasized that the F‐deletion previously described was demonstrated also in megakaryocytes in mitosis and, consequently, it must be supposed that the F‐deletion can be induced in primitive, multipotent haemopoietic cells. In order to clarify the influence of 32P therapy on the genesis of the clones, studies into the relationship between some clinical parameters and the clone formations were made. The survey shows that the clones occur almost exclusively in patients treated with 32P, that in our series the clones were not found in patients treated exclusively with Myleran, and that clones might appear in very few untreated patients. As regards the three groups of treated patients, it applies that generally the clones do not occur until the calculated dose per year is appreciable (> 2.5 mCi), and that the clones are found almost exclusively in patients treated over prolonged periods (> 2 years) with 32P.
COURSE OF ALLOXAN DIABETES IN DUCT‐LIGATED RATS:
Authors: Edstrom Curt
Published: August 2010

The course of alloxan diabetes during 19 months was studied in 62 duct‐ligated and 26 sham‐operated female rats. Nine additional rats were used as buffer‐injected sham‐ operated controls. Alloxan was administered 5–6 weeks after duct ligation. The mortality among the alloxan‐treated rats was high and many animals died during ether anaesthesia a t glucose tolerance tests or from late sequelae of alloxan‐induced kidney lesions. In duct‐ligated rats, both the hypoglycaemic phase 4–8 hours after alloxan administration and the subsequent hyperglycaernia during the first 4 days were distinctly marked. After these days during which signs of instability were observed, the fasting blood glucose level in the duct‐ligated rats returned within the normal range after 5 months a t which stage the only 3 surviving sham‐operated controls still were hyperglycaemic. The latter showed, how‐ ever, varying degrees of alloxan‐induced kidney lesions. The pancreas was studied by light microscopy in 29 duct‐ligated and in the 3 surviving sham‐operated alloxan‐diabetic rats. From the first week and onwards, signs of regenerative phenomena of the islet tissue, consisting of large, clear, sparsely granulated cells of the so‐called “agranular” type, were observed in the islets of the alloxan‐treated animals. Furthermore, some evidence was ob‐ tained that the large, sparsely granulated cells had the ability to differentiate into β‐cells. Despite this normalization of the fasting blood glucose level of the alloxan‐diabetic duct‐ligated rats and despite these morphological signs of β‐cell regeneration, no alloxan‐ treated animals showed a complete recovery from their diabetes, as glucose tolerance tests, performed 8 months after alloxan administration, were still of diabetic type. However, histological examination of the pancreas in 2 rats 19 months after alloxan administration were by light microscopy found to present mainly normal islet cells in both the atrophied and the intact parts of the parenchyma, and there was no glucosuria or hyperglycaemia.
RETICULUM CELL NEOPLASMS IN NORMAL AND BENZENE TREATED HAIRLESS MICE
Authors: Lerum Ole Didrik
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of reticulum cell neoplasms in normal and benzene treated hairless mice (hr/hr) was investigated. 39 per cent of a group of untreated mice had these neoplasms at a mean age of about 20 months. The same tumour yield was also found in another group of mice which were painted twice weekly on the back skin with benzene up to a mean age of 20 months. The histological patterns of reticulum cell neoplasms characteristic of these mice are described.
AMINE‐HANDLING PROPERTIES OF APUD‐CELLS IN THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM OF HUMAN FOETUSES AND IN THE EPITHELIUM OF THE MAIN BRONCHI OF HUMAN ADULTS
Authors: Hage Esther
Published: August 2010

In bronchial epithelium of human foetuses, cells containing fluorogenic amine were observed to take up amine precursors and to synthesize and store further amounts of amine. Other cells apparently devoid of a cellular store of amine were capable of taking up amine precursors. The possibility of distinguishing two cell types is discussed. In human adults, no aminecontaining cells were observed in the epithelium of the main bronchi. However, a few cells with a specific fluorescence were obtained after treatment with the precursor amino acid L‐DOPA.
APPLICATION OF NYKA's METHOD FOR THE STAINING OF MYCOBACTERIA IN LEPROUS SKIN SECTIONS
Authors: Mohysen Ahmad M. , Alemayehu Wondu
Published: August 2010

Biopsy specimens from 20 leprosy patients have been studied. Adjacent sections were in each case both stained by the ordinary Ziehl‐Neelsen method and after oxidation with periodic acid (Nyka's method). Sections from tuberculoid, indeterminate and lepromatous lesions all revealed an increased number of acid fast bacilli after oxidation. In ten examinations of tuberculoid and indeterminate cases the increase observed was in average four‐fold. It is concluded that there is a considerable higher number of bacilli present in leprous tissue than revealed by the ordinary Ziehl‐Neelsen method.
THE SPECIFICITY OF THE CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN HUMAN COLONIC POLYPS:
Authors: Mark Joachim , Mitelman Felix , Dencker Hans , Norryd Claes , Tranberg Karl‐GöRAN
Published: August 2010

The chromosomes were studied in 7 polyps of the large bowel in a case of Gardner's syndrome. All tumours were histologically non‐invasive. Four polyps had a normal diploid stemline and showed a predominantly hyperdiploid chromosome variation. Three polyps had heteroploid stemlines: two were pseudodiploid and one was hyperdiploid. The chromosomal difference between polyps of different size was merely quantitative. The same non‐random karyotypic pattern was found in all polyps irrespective of size and histological grading.
A TRANSPLANTABLE ASCITES RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN THE RAT
Authors: Petri Michael
Published: August 2010

In a previous reported series of rats, rhabdomyosarcomas developed in the peritoneal cavity after growth and regression of the transplantable Yoshida ascites sarcoma, infected by the microsporidian parasite Nosema cuniculi. These tumours have now been reproduced in a new series of rats under the same conditions and converted into a transplanted ascites sarcoma, with 99 per cent takes and 99 per cent death rate. Subcutaneous transplantation of the ascites tumour is followed by the formation of a solid tumour. The microscopic structure is described.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT DEMONSTRATION OF BACTERIAL ANTIGEN IN EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS WITH ANTISERUM AGAINST COMMON ENTEROBACTERIAL ANTIGEN
Authors: Thomsen Ole Frøkjæer , Hjort Tage
Published: August 2010

Various strains of E. coli were used to produce experimental haematogenous pyelonephritis in rats. The persistence in the renal tissue of the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) shared by these micro‐organisms was then studied by means of indirect immunofluorescent technique with rabbit antiserum against CA. In fresh infections, CA could regularly be demonstrated in and around abscesses, in macrophages, in dilated tubules and in pelvic exudate. However, as early as 2 weeks in the course of the infection, CA was hardly detectable in macrophages. By means of specific antiserum against one of the strains (E. coli 04), it could, however, be shown that other antigens from this strain were still present in the macrophages in animals infected with this strain. In renal tissue with chronic inflammatory changes, examined more than 4 weeks after the bacterial injection, bacterial antigen could no longer be detected with antiserum against CA, whereas antiserum against E. coli 04 still revealed positive reactions on renal tissue from the rats infected with this strain.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DIRECTED AGAINST ARTERIAL ANTIGENS IN THE HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE IN MAN
Authors: Olsen Finn , Loft Birte
Published: August 2010

It is demonstrated by means of the leucocyte migration technique that a hypersensitivity of the delayed type seems to be involved in the hypertensive disease in patients suffering from primary essential hypertension. In culture chambers containing 50 micrograms/ml of femoral arterial protein, the six of the seven examined hypertensive patients showed a migration index equal to or below 0.8, the lowest being 0.64. The normotensive control persons showed migration indices varying from 0.9 to 1.06. These indices were clearly distinguished from the indices of the hypertensive patients. The antigenic substance(s) in the arteries are still unknown.
CARDIAC RUPTURE IN RECENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Havig öyvind
Published: August 2010

A prospective, randomized autopsy study of possible pathogenetic factors involved in the mechanism of cardiac rupture following recent myocardial infarction is reported. The series consists of 508 cases (279 men and 229 women). Fourteen out of 122 cases with recent myocardial infarction had cardiac rupture. This corresponds to a 11.5 per cent frequency of rupture in the infarction group and 2.8 per cent in the total autopsy group. Rupture was more common in men than in women, and tended to occur early in the infarction period; 64 per cent of the rupture cases died within 3 days after infarction. Attempts at resuscitation was not found to have caused rupture in any case. No difference was found in the frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, angina pectoris, psychiatric disease or anticoagulant treatment in the ruptured and the non‐ruptured cases. The most characteristic finding in the rupture cases was a thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery and transmural necrosis in a heart without myocardial scars.
CAUSE OF THE PROLONGED PRESSOR ACTION OF RENIN IN NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Bing Jens , Nielsen Knud
Published: August 2010

In nephrectomized rats, both the primary and the prolonged pressor response to exogenous renin, the duration of which markedly exceeds the rate of disappearance of renin activity from plasma, is shown to be due to the continued action of renin, the blood pressure being totally or subtotally normalized by infusion of an angiotensin inhibitor. A marked, but somewhat less pronounced, decrease in the blood pressure is caused by injection of anti‐angiotensin II. An accumulation of renin in the arterioles may account for these results. The height of the pressor response to renin is identical in anaesthetized and conscious normal rats, but the length is markedly shorter in anaesthetized than in conscious animals.
ROLE OF THE RENIN‐SYSTEM IN NORMO‐ AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: Bing Jens , Nielsen Knud
Published: August 2010

Infusion of the angiotensin II inhibitor 1‐Sar‐8‐Ala angiotensin II causes a hypotensive effect in anaesthetized rats but not in conscious normal rats; it lowers the blood pressure both in anaesthetized and in conscious rats with renal hypertension due to clamping of one renal artery, no matter whether the opposite kidney remains intact or it has been removed. In the latter type of hypertension, higher doses are apparently needed. These findings indicate that the renin‐angiotensin system plays a role both for the maintenance of the normal blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of both types of renal hypertension. Infusion of the inhibitor results in a primary transient, short pressor response, which in nephrectomized animals is smaller than that in normal rats, being even smaller or totally absent, in renal hypertensive rats.
HEART PATHOLOGY IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: Hognestad Jens , Teisberg Per
Published: August 2010

In an autopsy material consisting of 35 alcoholics and 13 non‐alcoholic traffic casualties the heart was made the object of a thorough prospective study. The investigation of the histological sections was performed blindly. In two‐thirds of the alcoholic hearts changes were found which could not be explained by mechanisms other than chronic ethanol intoxication. The coronary arteries showed the same degree of atherosclerosis in both groups. Three alcoholics died suddenly without any alcohol in blood or urine probably from acute alcoholic cardiomyopathy. It is stressed that the combination of heart hypertrophy, subendocardial, interstitial, and perivascular fibrosis, and the presence of chronic inflammatory cells is highly indicative of alcoholic heart disease. The entity is probably more common than generally accepted.
ON THE SIDE‐EFFECTS OF CONTRAST MEDIA FOR MYELOGRAPHY
Authors: Jakobsen Johannes Klitgaard
Published: August 2010

Iodophendylate (Pantopaque®) was injected into the spinal subarachnoid space of 56 rats, and a histological examination of the spinal cord, nerve roots and meninges was performed after 1, 4, 8, 16, 30, 60 and 120 days. Bacteriological and roentgenological controls were made. Histological alterations, which in the subgroups seemed very similar, were found in all rats. A moderate unspecific inflammation of the meninges, resulting in a state of fibrous scarring after 120 days, was seen. The meningeal reaction was a little enhanced after injection of blood and iodophendylate, but after 120 days any quantitative differentiation between the two groups could not be made. The endoneurium of the nerve roots displayed a fibrosis parallel to the changes in the meninges. Within the first month, an increasing loss of neurones in the spinal cord was observed. By reducing the injected amount of contrast media the injuring effect on the grey matter was avoided. Ninety rats were myelographied with methiodal (Conturex®) in a suboccipital position. Fifty‐five died after a few minutes. The remaining rats all showed a slight, generalized perivascular extravasation of erythrocytes and an acute vacuolization and extreme swelling of the neurones in the grey matter. After 8 days, the number of nerve cells had decreased and any further alterations of the neurones were not noticed. The changes in the meninges were slight and did not differ from those of the rats injected with physiological saline.
GENESIS OF FOAM CELLS: STUDY IN RATS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF INTRALIPID®
Authors: Flodh Hans , Magnusson Goran
Published: August 2010

The genesis of foam cells was studied by oral administration of 20 per cent Intralipid® to rats for 14 weeks. Each animal was given 1.5 ml daily. The treatment induced a statistically significant increase in the number of blood monocytes and focal accumulation of foam cells in the lungs. The observations indicate that there is a relationship between the increased number of blood monocytes and the pulmonary foam cells and that blood monocytes may be transformed into foam cells in the lungs. It is possible that excess lipid is picked up by monocytes in the blood and is excreted via the lungs in the form of foam cells.
THE EFFECT ON RENAL HYPERTENSION OF SUBCUTANEOUS ISOTRANSPLANTATION OF RENAL MEDULLA FROM NORMAL OR HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Manthorpe Tove
Published: August 2010

Following subcutaneous transplantation of normal renal medulla to renal hypertensive rats there was a long‐lasting depression of the blood pressure. There was no further depression after a second transplantation. Transplantation of medulla from the ischemic kidney of renal hypertensive donors, produced a similar depression of the blood pressure, whereas medulla from the untouched kidney had little effect. Subcutaneous implantation of gelatine sponge, sham operation and transplantation of normal renal cortex all produced only short‐lasting depressions of the blood pressure. Blood pressure measured in the afternoon was significantly lower than in the morning, both in normal and in renal hypertensive rats. The higher the blood pressure level, the more marked was this absolute difference.
MEASLES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO GIANT CELL PNEUMONIA (HECHT PNEUMONIA)
Authors: Haram Kjell , Jacobsen Knut
Published: August 2010

In an autopsy series 12 out of 152 cases of pneumonia occurring in patients under 20 years of age were found to be Hecht (giant cell) pneumonia (8 per cent). Histological examination of 400 pneumonias from patients over 20 years of age showed no such case. Six of the cases were considered to be due to measles on the basis of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the giant cells, Warthin‐Finkeldey cells in the lymphoid system and on clinical data. Only one had a typical exanthema. All cases with measles were between 2 and 11 years of age. In the remaining 6 cases there was no morphological or clinical evidence of measles. All, except one, were below 1 year of age. The role of depressed immunological function in the pathogenesis of Hecht pneumonia is discussed. In the group caused by measles the depressed immunological function may partly be iatrogenic due to immunospressive treatment of leukaemic children. The other group of cases consisted of children with inborn defects some of which showed morphological signs of immunodeficiency.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES AND ORIGIN OF BLOOD SUPPLY TO SINOAURICULAR AND ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODES DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF POSTMORTEM CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Paulsen Stein , Vetner M.
Published: August 2010

On the basis of postmortem coronary angiography and macroscopic examination, the anatomical variations of the coronary arteries and origin of the blood supply to the sinus node and atrioventricular node was studied. Four hundred coronary angiograms were performed of which 315 could be employed. Anatomic variations of the coronary arteries were classified according to the system mentioned in Schlesinger's 1940 study. In the present study we found 70.8 per cent of the coronary systems were of the “right type” 19.7 per cent of the “balanced type” and 9.5 per cent of the “left type”. Origin of the blood supply to the sinus node (SN) was the right coronary artery in 63.8 per cent and the left coronary artery in 36.2 per cent. Corresponding figures for the origin of the blood supply to the atrioventricular node (AVN) was 90.5 per cent from the right coronary artery and 9.5 per cent from the left coronary artery. There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution.
LUNG TUMOURS IN ICELAND
Authors: HALLGÍUMSSON JÓNAS
Published: August 2010

Two hundred and twenty three primary lung tumours submitted for histological diagnosis in Iceland during the period 1941–1968 were typed according to the WHO histological classification. The distribution of the four major types was: epidermoid carcinomas 20.6 per cent (males 26.4 per cent, females 10.1 per cent), small cell anaplastic carcinomas 37.2 per cent (males 39.6 per cent, females 32.9 per cent), adenocarcinomas 23.3 per cent (males 18.0 per cent, females 32.9 per cent) and large cell carcinomas 14.8 per cent (males 13.2 per cent, females 17.8 per cent). Other types constituted only 4 per cent. The low number of epidermoid carcinomas among males and the high number of small cell ana‐plastic carcinomas in both sexes is unusual. The majority of the tumours which could be localized were bronchial or central and only 12 per cent were peripheral. Based on these histologically verified lung tumours the male/female ratio was found to be decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 over the period. If two 7 year periods were compared the rise in the incidence of lung tumours was found to be statistically significant for the combined tumour types I‐IV in both sexes and for adenocarcinomas in females. The ratio of Kreyberg Group I: II has increased for males but remained stationary for females, which throws doubt on the theory that the increase in female incidence can be attributed to smoking. The WHO classification is a practical guide to the typing of lung tumours in routine diagnostic pathology. The criteria are clear enough for the separation of the major histological types and all subtypes except those of small cell anaplastic carcinomas. The incidence of lung carcinoma in Iceland is expected to continue to rise.
PROGRESSIVE OCCLUSIVE ENDARTERITIS
Authors: Harket R. , Fausa O. , Nygaard K.
Published: August 2010

A case of fatal arterial disease characterized by intimal proliferation with occlusion of small and medium sized arteries is reported. The pathological picture corresponded to that seen in Köhlmeier‐Degos' cutaneo‐systemic disease. Clinically the patient showed a multisymp‐tomatic disease, ending fatally due to intestinal gangrene. The typical skin lesion described in Kö hlmeier‐Degos' disease was, however, not observed. Although differing in some respects from the classical features of this disease, the reported case is believed to be of a similar nature.
MCG101‐AA, A NEW ASCITES TUMOUR IN C57 MICE
Authors: Hagmar Björn
Published: August 2010

A new ascites tumour, MCG101‐AA, in syngeneic C57Bl/6J mice is described in relation to its solid progenitor, MCG101‐SS. The tumours show important differences in karyotype, lectin agglutinability and thromboplasticity. On the other hand, the tumours have similar transplantabilities, cross‐react immunologically and the solid ascites tumour, MCG101‐AS, has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of MCG101‐SS. The usefulness of new ascites tumours for metastasis research is discussed.
MCG101‐AA, A NEW ASCITES TUMOUR IN C57 MICE
Authors: Hagmar Björn
Published: August 2010

The transplantability of a newly induced ascites tumour, MCG101‐AA, was compared with that of the solid tumour of origin, MCG101‐SS, and the ascites tumour in solid form, MCG101‐AS. The AA and AS tumours required lower cell inocula for growth i.p. than s.c., while SS had a similar transplantability at these two sites. If injected i.v., all tumours gave rise to extensive lung tumours. In addition, the SS tumour formed numerous extrapulmonary tumour takes, more than AS and AA, the latter giving rise only to a few such tumours. The evaluation of the results is complicated by different survival times after injection of the three tumours. But it is suggested that the dissemination pattern was altered by ascites transformation of the tumour. Possible mechanisms involved, such as cell surface alterations, are discussed.
THE ROLE OF THE INTRARENAL SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Ljungqvist Arne
Published: August 2010

Left renal artery stenosis was produced in a group of rats. In a second group left renal denervation was performed simultaneously with and in a third group 3 weeks before the stenosing operation. In a fourth group of rats only left renal denervation was performed. The rats were studied with respect to blood pressure and histochemically demonstrable adrenergic nerve patterns in the left kidney. In rats with left renal artery stenosis and hypertension the adrenergic nerve pattern in the left kidney was abolished during the early phase of the blood pressure elevation. The nerves were rendered visible after incubation of kidney specimens in α‐methyl‐norepinephrine. A significant number of rats with left renal artery stenosis and histochemically proven complete left renal denervation developed hypertension. It is concluded that the adrenergic innervation of the juxta‐glomerular cells plays a moderatory but dispensable role in the sequence of events leading to an increased renin release with concequent hypertension in renal artery stenosis.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENEOUS CYCLIC AMP (3′, 5′‐ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE) ON AMYLOID FORMATION IN CASEIN‐TREATED C3H MICE
Authors: Ebbesen P.
Published: August 2010

Amyloid formation in caseinated C3H mice is enhanced by the administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (3′, 5,‐adenosine monophosphate), by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline and by combination of these two compounds. One beta receptor stimulator, soterenol, also enhanced amyloid development, but several other α and β receptor active substances tested were without effect in the dose used. It is hypothesized that a sustained elevation of intracellular cyclic‐AMP level can make cells produce amyloid.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ATYPIAS IN THE CERVICAL EPITHELIUM OF MICE
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Lagerlöf B.
Published: August 2010

The autoradiographic pattern of the cervix epithelium after iterated application of the carcinogen 3,4‐benzpyrene was investigated in 100 C57B1 mice. There was a gradual increase in the proportion of labelled cells with increasing degree of atypias. Labelling of superficial layers occurred in almost all cases with severe atypias (grade III) and in 8 per cent of those with moderate atypias (grade II). The labelling of superficial cells in moderate atypias (grade II) suggests that, despite cytoplasmic maturation, their nuclei retained the property of less mature or of undifferentiated cells, i.e. the capacity to synthesize DNA. The highest number of labelled cells was found in mice presenting severe atypias with epithelial buds protruding into the stroma.
THE USE OF ANTITHYMOCYTIC SERUM IN THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HeLa‐CELLS INTO RATS
Authors: Sorvari Tapani E. , Arvilommi Heikki
Published: August 2010

The use of rabbit anti‐rat thymocytic serum (ATS) as immunosuppressant was investigated in the heterotransplantation of HeLa‐cells into rats of different ages. The transplantation was carried out by subcutaneous injection of HeLa‐cell suspension. The first intraperitoneal ATS injection was given on the same day and the subsequent injections were given 2, 4, 7, and 10 days later. On day 14, the rats were killed and the tumour growth was estimated by the size of the nodule and several histological criteria. 0.005 ml ATS/g body weight given every time was observed to be sufficient to give a tumour growth in all animals aged less than 2 days. A considerably bigger dose, 0.04 ml ATS/g body weight, did not further enhance the tumour growth or change the host reaction. However, this dose caused a much higher mortality of animals. 0.0005 ml ATS/g body weight did not cause adequate immunosuppression for transplantation of HeLa‐cells. In experiments with older animals given 0.005 ml ATS/g body weight, the transplantation result in 7‐day‐old rats was comparable to that in younger rats, but clearly poorer results were obtained in 24‐day‐old rats. It is concluded that adequate immunosuppression for the growth of HeLa‐cell tumours in rats 7 days old or younger was achieved by a dose of ATS sufficiently small for practical purposes.
SPLENIC METASTASES
Authors: Berge Thorbjörn
Published: August 2010

Splenic metastases were found in 312 cases (7.1 per cent) in a uniformly examined post mortem series where it was possible to compare the frequency of metastases in different organs. This frequency is comparable to, and in many cases higher than, the frequency of metastases in other organs with a corresponding risk of being the site of blood‐borne metastases. The investigation does not suggest that the spleen has a greater antiblastic effect than other organs. The metastases were divided into ten different types depending on their localization in the spleen and whether they were diagnosed macroscopically or microscopically or both. Apart from type IV which probably consisted of continuous retrograde growth in trabecular lymph vessels and which cannot be regarded as true remote metastasis, the pattern of metastases suggests that splenic metastases are the result of hae‐matogenous spread.
MULTINODULAR STENOSING CARDIOVASCULAR AMYLOIDOSIS WITH INVOLVEMENT OF THE CONDUCTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Paulsen Stein
Published: August 2010

A case of multinodular stenosing cardiovascular amyloidosis in an elderly patient with progressive cardiac insufficiency is presented. At autopsy, amyloid deposits were seen predominantly in the media of the intramyocardial arteries and in the arteries of the conductive system, but also in the media in arteries in the lungs, spleen, liver and kidney. It is emphasized that the differential diagnostic is of importance in cases of this special form of intramyocardial vascular disease in elderly patients with an atypical cardiac history.
ENHANCED DEVELOPMENT OF RETICULUM CELL NEOPLASMS FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS INOCULATIONS OF CELL‐FREE FILTRATE OF EHRLICH'S ASCITES CARCINOMA
Authors: Myking Andreas O.
Published: August 2010

Adult female mice from a random bred, closed colony were inoculated subcutaneously with vital cells from Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma, or with a cell‐free filtrate from EAC. After both types of treatment, the mice revealed a high incidence of reticulum cell neoplasms type B. It is suggested that an oncogenic virus may be implicated in the RCN development.
HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LUNG EXPANSION IN RELATION TO VARIOUS FIXATION TECHNIQUES—IMMERSION, PERFUSION AND RAPID FREEZING
Authors: Grossmann Gertie
Published: August 2010

Three alternative methods for fixation of the unopened thorax (immersion, vascular perfusion and rapid freezing) were compared in a series of newborn full‐term rabbits, with particular reference to lung expansion and preservation of pulmonary fluid. Immersion seemed to be the method of choice, since it yields acceptable fixation of both tissue and pulmonary fluid. Also, the morphometric analysis indicated that postmortem collapse of the parenchyma is less prominent in the immersion fixation method than in the other two methods tested.
CONCENTRATION AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF LYSOZYME IN GERM‐FREE AND CONVENTIONALLY REARED RATS
Authors: Klockars Matti
Published: August 2010

The biochemical activity of lysozyme and the immunohistochemical cellular localization of lysozyme were studied in germ‐free and conventionally reared rats. In comparison to conventionally reared rats, germ‐free rats had significantly lower concentrations of lysozyme in the salivary gland, duodenum, colon, spleen, bone marrow and serum. Lysozyme concentrations were also lower, though not significantly so in the lung and the liver. By contrast, increased levels of lysozyme were observed in the thymus and ileum of germfree in comparison with conventionally reared rats. No lysozyme was detected in the urine or in the intestinal content of the ileum or the colon of either group. Lysozyme was detected by immunoperoxidase staining in the proximal tubules of the kidney, in the alveolar macrophages and in the Paneth cells of the small intestine in both germ‐free and conventionally reared rats. However, in the Paneth cells of the ileum an increased intracellular concentration of lysozyme was observed in the germ‐free rats. Moreover in the thymus of germ‐free rats, lysozyme‐positive reticular cells were observed that could not be localized in the thymus of conventionally reared rats. In addition to the observed low levels of immunoglobulins and complement, a relative lack of lysozyme could play a part in the increased susceptibility to infection of germ‐free rats.
INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA WITH LOBULAR INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

This paper demonstrates lobular involvement of two morphological different types: Lobular carcinoma in situ and carcinomatous extension to the lobule in 70 non‐selected cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Carcinomatous involvement of the lobules was found in 34 cases. In 16 of these cases, it was not possible to distinguish the lobular changes morphologically from lobular carcinoma in situ whereas, in 13 cases, carcinomatous extension to the lobules was found. In 5 cases the type of carcinomatous involvement of the lobules could not be established with certainty. In the 16 cases with lobular carcinoma in situ, 5 of the lesions were found at the edge of the invasive carcinoma, 4 were completely outside the tumour area, and in 7 cases the lesions were found both at the edge and completely outside the tumour area. In 59 per cent of cases the lesions were multicentric. Thirteen of the 16 cases presented lobular carcinoma in situ also in the upper quadrants. The diameter of the tumour was not related to the occurrence of lobular carcinoma in situ or to carcinomatous extension to the lobules. On the other hand, lobular carcinoma in situ was most frequent in highly differentiated carcinomas. A more detailed study of the biology of lobular carcinoma in situ, associated with invasive breast carcinoma, is considered necessary.
CONCENTRATIONS OF RENIN AND RENIN SUBSTRATE IN PLASMA OF RABBITS DURING PREGNANCY AND THE POST PARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Jørgensen Jørgen
Published: August 2010

The content of renin in rabbit uterus is known to increase many fold during pregnancy followed by a rapid fall to normal levels within a few days after delivery. In order to study this mechanism the blood concentrations of renin and its substrate were measured. Contrary to the concentration of renin in uterus, the plasma renin concentrations were not increased either during pregnancy or in the post partum period. The renin‐substrate concentration was unchanged during the first part of pregnancy but was increased 2–3‐fold in the days around delivery. This increase resulted in a corresponding increase in plasma renin activity. It was concluded that the rapid inactivation of uterine renin post partum was due to a local inactivation and not to a release of renin to the blood.
STREPTOZOTOCIN‐DIABETES IN THE CHINESE HAMSTER
Authors: Wilander Erik
Published: August 2010

One day after injection of 200 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight in Chinese hamsters, necrotic cell debris or marked degenerative changes were seen in the pancreatic islets light microscopically. Both β‐, α2‐ and α1‐cells seemed to be affected. During the first weeks, in particular, signs of regeneration and neoformation of islet tissue were evident in the pancreatic tissue. Labelling with 3H‐thymidine revealed an increased incorporation of this isotope in islets of diabetic animals. Tubular structures and proliferating buds consisting mostly of “clear cells” were seen. “Clear cells” were also observed sometimes in aggregates in islets with degenerative changes. The high incorporation of labelled thymidine at the same time as “clear cells” were observed in the islet tissue suggest that these cells are involved in islet cell regeneration. After one week, up to about one month, large islets containing hypertrophied cells with a large nucleus and a prominent nucleolus were found. Hydropic degeneration and even necrosis sometimes occurred in these islets. The regenerative activity as well as the hypertrophic islets disappeared at the end of the observation period (3 months) at which time relatively small islets with degranulated β‐cells and irregularly distributed α2‐ and α1‐cells with variable staining properties and nuclear sizes were seen.
LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BREAST WITH DUCTAL INVOLVEMENT.
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

Out of 52 cases of lobular carcinoma in situ, 41 presented extralobular ductal involvement. This seems to be of no prognostic importance. Isolated occurrence of extralobular ductal involvement is not likely, and the demonstration of such lesions would require further examinations in order to detect lobular carcinoma in situ. It is presumed that the cells in lobular carcinoma in situ and those seen in extralobular ductal involvement have a common genesis.
CHROMOSOME AND NUCLEAR DNA STUDY OF A UTERINE ADENOCARCINOMA AND ITS METASTASES
Authors: Granberg Ingrid , Gupta Subhash , Joelsson Ingemar , Sprenger Ernst
Published: August 2010

A uterine adenocarcinoma was studied by both chromosome and nuclear DNA analysis. The primary tumour was characterized by a pseudodiploid stemline, and one of the metastases in the mesenterium revealed a hypotetraploid mode and also a smaller near‐triploid peak.
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE CIRRHOTIC RAT LIVER
Authors: Jørgensen M. , Nørgaard T. , Faarup P.
Published: August 2010

In rats with carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis the liver was investigated in rapidly frozen, freeze‐dried specimens. In the rats to which the administration of carbon tetrachloride was stopped 10 days prior to sacrifice the relative sinusoidal volume was found to be higher in the cryo‐preparations (mean 24 per cent) compared to formalin fixed tissue (mean 10 per cent) due to vascular collapse and a rapid development of intracellular oedema in the liver cells as a post mortem alteration in the formalin fixed tissue. This is parallel to previous findings in normal rat livers. In the group of cirrhotic rats treated with carbon tetrachloride until 24 hours before sacrifice necrosis of the liver cells was frequently found. In this group the relative vascular volume was much lower (mean 14 per cent) than in the rats without necrosis (mean 24 per cent) in the cryo‐preparations. These changes in sinusoidal volume, not visualized in conventional histological preparations, are explained by the presence of intracellular oedema of the liver cells caused by the carbon tetrachloride intoxication. In this group of rats the bile canaliculi were poorly visualized compared to the rats without recent intoxication. It is concluded that the use of an appropriate cryo‐technique is essential for the evaluation of the vital alterations in the cirrhotic rat liver, which is only poorly depicted by conventional histological technique.
SKIN GRAFTS IN NUDE MICE
Authors: Rygaard Jørgen
Published: August 2010

Mice, homozygous for the nu gene (nude mice), have no capacity for rejection of allografts as evidenced by this study of nine different graft‐host combinations. The mice concerned stem from an intermediate stage in a nu gene transfer to three inbred strains (BALB/c, C3H, C57/BL). Mice of each of the three genetic backgrounds accepted skin grafts from three inbred donor strains, differing at the H‐2 locus. A preliminary comparison with a concurrent study of heterografts (rat skin) indicates that allografts are not so readily incorporated, and are more prone to endogenous damage during the take process. This paradoxical observation is discussed at greater length in the subsequent article on heterotransplants in nude mice. After allografting, nude mice display lymphocytosis, and there is lymphoid cell proliferation in the primary follicles of lymph nodes, and increased numbers of mononuclear cells are seen in the paracortex of lymph nodes and in the red pulp of the spleen. No cytotoxic alloantibodies could be demonstrated in serum from the graft bearing nude mice. Thymus grafting confers capacity for allograft rejection.