bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A20 promotes colorectal cancer immune evasion by upregulating STC1 expression to block “eat-me” signal
Authors: Luo Min , Wang Xueping , Wu Shaocong , Yang Chuan , Su Qiao , Huang Lamei , Fu Kai , An Sainan , Xie Fachao , To Kenneth Kin Wah , Wang Fang , Fu Liwu
Published: August 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have induced durable clinical responses in a subset of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the dis-satisfactory response rate and the lack of appropriate biomarkers for selecting suitable patients to be treated with ICIs pose a major challenge to current immunotherapies. Inflammation-related molecule A20 is closely related to cancer immune response, but the effect of A20 on “eat-me” signal and immunotherapy efficacy remains elusive. We found that A20 downregulation prominently improved the antitumor immune response and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Higher A20 expression was associated with less infiltration of immune cells including CD3 (+), CD8 (+) T cells and macrophages in CRC tissues and also poorer prognosis. Gain- and loss-A20 functional studies proved that A20 could decrease the “eat-me” signal calreticulin (CRT) protein on cell membrane translocation via upregulating stanniocalcin 1 (STC1), binding to CRT and detaining in mitochondria. Mechanistically, A20 inhibited GSK3β phosphorylating STC1 at Thr86 to slow down the degradation of STC1 protein. Our findings reveal a new crosstalk between inflammatory molecule A20 and “eat-me” signal in CRC, which may represent a novel predictive biomarker for selecting CRC patients most likely to benefit from ICI therapy.
The activated CD36-Src axis promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and actin remodeling-involved metastasis in high-fat environment
Authors: Liu Li-Zhong , Wang Bowen , Zhang Rui , Wu Zangshu , Huang Yuxi , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhou Jiaying , Yi Junbo , Shen Jian , Li Ming-Yue , Dong Ming
Published: August 2023

Obesity/overweight and lipid metabolism disorders have become increased risk factors for lung cancer. Fatty acid translocase CD36 promotes cellular uptake of fatty acids. Whether and how CD36 facilitates lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) growth in high-fat environment is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that palmitic acid (PA) or high-fat diet (HFD) promoted LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis in a CD36-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CD36 translocated from cytoplasm to cell membrane and interacted with Src kinase upon PA stimulation in human LUAD cells. Akt and ERK, downstream of Src, were then activated to mediate LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, PA treatment promoted CD36 sarcolemmal translocation, where it activated Rac1 and upregulated MMP-9 through Src-Akt/ERK pathway, resulting in redistribution of cortactin, N-WASP and Arp2/3, and finally led to occurrence of finger-like protrusions of actin on cell surface to enhance cell metastasis. Compared with normal-chew diet (NCD) mice, the HFD group exhibited higher level of blood free fatty acid (FFA) and cholesterol (TC), developed larger xenograft LUAD tumors and enhanced tumor cell metastatic potential, which were accompanied by obvious sarcolemmal actin remodeling and were blocked by simultaneous CD36 knockdown in LUAD cells. Consistently, xenografted and tail vein-injected scramble-RNA-A549 cells but not CD36-shRNA-A549 in HFD mice formed metastatic LUAD tumors on the lung. CD36 inhibitor SSO significantly inhibited LUAD cell metastasis to the lung. Collectively, CD36 initiates Src signaling to promote LUAD cell proliferation and actin remodeling-involved metastasis under high-fat environment. Our study provides the new insights that CD36 is a valid target for LUAD therapy.
C1GalT1 expression reciprocally controls tumour cell-cell and tumour-macrophage interactions mediated by galectin-3 and MGL with double impact on cancer development and progression
Authors: Wan Yangu , Adair Kareena , Herrmann Anne , Shan Xindi , Xia Lijun , Duckworth Carrie A. , Yu Lu-Gang
Published: August 2023

Although most cell membrane proteins are modified by glycosylation, our understanding of the role and actions of protein glycosylation is still very limited. β1,3galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) is a key glycosyltransferase that controls the biosynthesis of the Core 1 structure of O-linked mucin type glycans and is overexpressed by many common types of epithelial cancers. This study reports that suppression of C1GalT1 expression in human colon cancer cells caused substantial changes of protein glycosylation of cell membrane proteins, many of which were ligands of the galactoside-binding galectin-3 and the macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL). This led to significant reduction of cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and the ability of tumour cells to form colonies. Crucially, C1GalT1 suppression significantly reduced galectin-3-mediated tumour cell-cell interaction and galectin-3-promoted tumour cell activities. In the meantime, C1GalT1 suppression substantially increased MGL-mediated macrophage-tumour cell interaction and macrophage-tumour cell phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. C1GalT1-expressing cancer cells implanted in chick embryos resulted in the formation of significantly bigger tumours than C1GalT1-suppressed cells and the presence of galectin-3 increased tumour growth of C1GalT1-expressing but not C1GalT1-suppressed cells. More MGL-expressing macrophages and dendritic cells were seen to be attracted to the tumour microenvironment in ME C1galt1-/-/Erb mice than in C1galt1f/f /Erb mice. These results indicate that expression of C1GalT1 by tumour cells reciprocally controls tumour cell-cell and tumour-macrophage interactions mediated by galectin-3 and MGL with double impact on cancer development and progression. C1GalT1 overexpression in epithelial cancers therefore may represent a fundamental mechanism in cancer promotion and in reduction of immune response/surveillance in cancer progression.
Three-month antibody persistence of a bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , Harper Charles , Vrbicky Keith , Walsh Stephen R. , Essink Brandon , Brosz Adam , McGhee Nichole , Tomassini Joanne E. , Chen Xing , Ying Chang  , Sutherland Andrea , Montefiori David C. , Girard Bethany , Edwards Darin K. , Jing Feng  , Zhou Honghong , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna
Published: August 2023

We previously presented day 29 interim safety and immunogenicity results from a phase 2/3 study (NCT04927065) comparing the Omicron-BA.1-containing bivalent vaccine mRNA-1273.214 (50-µg) to the 50-µg mRNA-1273 booster in adults who previously received the mRNA-1273 primary series (100-µg) and mRNA-1273 first booster (50-µg) dose. Primary endpoints were safety, non-inferiority of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) and seroresponse against Omicron BA.1, superiority of the nAb response against Omicron-BA.1, and non-inferiority of the nAb response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 for second boosters of mRNA-1273.214 versus mRNA-1273 at days 29 and 91. The key secondary endpoint was the seroresponse difference of mRNA-1273.214 versus mRNA-1273 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at days 29 and day 91. Participants were sequentially enrolled and dosed with 50-µg of mRNA-1273 (n = 376) or mRNA-1273.214 (n = 437) as second booster doses. Here we present day 91 post-booster results. In participants with no pre-booster, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infection (SARS-CoV-2), mRNA-1273.214 elicited Omicron-BA.1-nAb titers (95% confidence interval [CI]) that were significantly higher (964.4 [834.4-1114.7]) than those of mRNA-1273 (624.2 [533.1-730.9]) and similar to those of mRNA-1273 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at day 91. mRNA-1273.214 also induced higher binding antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 and alpha, gamma and delta variants than mRNA-1273. Safety profiles were similar for both vaccines. The Omicron-BA.1 bivalent vaccine improved antibody responses compared to mRNA-1273 through 90 days post-booster.
Androgen receptor binding sites enabling genetic prediction of mortality due to prostate cancer in cancer-free subjects
Authors: Ito Shuji , Liu Xiaoxi , Ishikawa Yuki , Conti David D. , Otomo Nao , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Suetsugu Hiroyuki , Eeles Rosalind A. , Koike Yoshinao , Hikino Keiko , Yoshino Soichiro , Tomizuka Kohei , Horikoshi Momoko , Ito Kaoru , Uchio Yuji , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki ,   The BioBank Japan Project, Masumoto Akihide , Nagai Akiko , Obata Daisuke , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Muto Kaori , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Yamaji Ken , Yoshimori Kozo , Higashiyama Masahiko , Sinozaki Nobuaki , Asai Satoshi , Nagayama Satoshi , Murayama Shigeo , Minami Shiro , Suzuki Takao , Morisaki Takayuki , Obara Wataru , Takahashi Yasuo , Furukawa Yoichi , Murakami Yoshinori , Yamanashi Yuji , Koretsune Yukihiro , Kamatani Yoichiro , Matsuda Koichi , Haiman Christopher A. , Ikegawa Shiro , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Terao Chikashi
Published: August 2023

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common cancer worldwide in males. While strongly warranted, the prediction of mortality risk due to PrCa, especially before its development, is challenging. Here, we address this issue by maximizing the statistical power of genetic data with multi-ancestry meta-analysis and focusing on binding sites of the androgen receptor (AR), which has a critical role in PrCa. Taking advantage of large Japanese samples ever, a multi-ancestry meta-analysis comprising more than 300,000 subjects in total identifies 9 unreported loci including ZFHX3, a tumor suppressor gene, and successfully narrows down the statistically finemapped variants compared to European-only studies, and these variants strongly enrich in AR binding sites. A polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis restricting to statistically finemapped variants in AR binding sites shows among cancer-free subjects, individuals with a PRS in the top 10% have a strongly higher risk of the future death of PrCa (HR: 5.57, P = 4.2 × 10−10). Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of leveraging large-scale genetic data and advanced analytical methods in predicting the mortality of PrCa.
Droplet-based high-throughput single microbe RNA sequencing by smRandom-seq
Authors: Xu Ziye , Wang Yuting , Sheng Kuanwei , Rosenthal Raoul , Liu Nan , Hua Xiaoting , Zhang Tianyu , Chen Jiaye , Song Mengdi , Lv Yuexiao , Zhang Shunji , Huang Yingjuan , Wang Zhaolun , Cao Ting , Shen Yifei , Jiang Yan , Yu Yunsong , Chen Yu , Guo Guoji , Yin Peng , Weitz David A. , Wang Yongcheng
Published: August 2023

Bacteria colonize almost all parts of the human body and can differ significantly. However, the population level transcriptomics measurements can only describe the average bacteria population behaviors, ignoring the heterogeneity among bacteria. Here, we report a droplet-based high-throughput single-microbe RNA-seq assay (smRandom-seq), using random primers for in situ cDNA generation, droplets for single-microbe barcoding, and CRISPR-based rRNA depletion for mRNA enrichment. smRandom-seq showed a high species specificity (99%), a minor doublet rate (1.6%), a reduced rRNA percentage (32%), and a sensitive gene detection (a median of ~1000 genes per single E. coli). Furthermore, smRandom-seq successfully captured transcriptome changes of thousands of individual E. coli and discovered a few antibiotic resistant subpopulations displaying distinct gene expression patterns of SOS response and metabolic pathways in E. coli population upon antibiotic stress. smRandom-seq provides a high-throughput single-microbe transcriptome profiling tool that will facilitate future discoveries in microbial resistance, persistence, microbe-host interaction, and microbiome research.
Adjusting 1.5 degree C climate change mitigation pathways in light of adverse new information
Authors: Gambhir Ajay , Mittal Shivika , Lamboll Robin D. , Grant Neil , Bernie Dan , Gohar Laila , Hawkes Adam , Köberle Alexandre , Rogelj Joeri , Lowe Jason A.
Published: August 2023

Understanding how 1.5 °C pathways could adjust in light of new adverse information, such as a reduced 1.5 °C carbon budget, or slower-than-expected low-carbon technology deployment, is critical for planning resilient pathways. We use an integrated assessment model to explore potential pathway adjustments starting in 2025 and 2030, following the arrival of new information. The 1.5 °C target remains achievable in the model, in light of some adverse information, provided a broad portfolio of technologies and measures is still available. If multiple pieces of adverse information arrive simultaneously, average annual emissions reductions near 3 GtCO2/yr for the first five years following the pathway adjustment, compared to 2 GtCO2/yr in 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic began. Moreover, in these scenarios of multiple simultaneous adverse information, by 2050 mitigation costs are 4-5 times as high as a no adverse information scenario, highlighting the criticality of developing a wide range of mitigation options, including energy demand reduction options.
Proton transport through nanoscale corrugations in two-dimensional crystals
Authors: Wahab O. J. , Daviddi E. , Xin B. , Sun P. Z. , Griffin E. , Colburn A. W. , Barry D. , Yagmurcukardes M. , Peeters F. M. , Geim A. K. , Lozada-Hidalgo M. , Unwin P. R.
Published: August 2023

Defect-free graphene is impermeable to all atoms1–5 and ions6,7 under ambient conditions. Experiments that can resolve gas flows of a few atoms per hour through micrometre-sized membranes found that monocrystalline graphene is completely impermeable to helium, the smallest atom2,5. Such membranes were also shown to be impermeable to all ions, including the smallest one, lithium6,7. By contrast, graphene was reported to be highly permeable to protons, nuclei of hydrogen atoms8,9. There is no consensus, however, either on the mechanism behind the unexpectedly high proton permeability10–14 or even on whether it requires defects in graphene’s crystal lattice6,8,15–17. Here, using high-resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, we show that, although proton permeation through mechanically exfoliated monolayers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride cannot be attributed to any structural defects, nanoscale non-flatness of two-dimensional membranes greatly facilitates proton transport. The spatial distribution of proton currents visualized by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy reveals marked inhomogeneities that are strongly correlated with nanoscale wrinkles and other features where strain is accumulated. Our results highlight nanoscale morphology as an important parameter enabling proton transport through two-dimensional crystals, mostly considered and modelled as flat, and indicate that strain and curvature can be used as additional degrees of freedom to control the proton permeability of two-dimensional materials.
The proportional Caputo operator approach to the thermal transport of Jeffery tri-hybrid nanofluid in a rotating frame with thermal radiation
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Kumam Poom , Watthayu Wiboonsak , Di Persio Luca
Published: August 2023

Engine Oil is a widely used fluid in engineering problems, particularly to enhance the rate of heat transfer when these working fluids play a fundamental role. We consider engine oil as a base fluid and the suspension of different shaped (Spherical cylindrical and platelet) nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the base fluid to enhance the working capability of engine oil. The spherical shape$${\text{CuO}}$$CuO, platelet shape$${\text{Al}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3}$$Al2O3and cylindrical shape$${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$TiO2nanoparticles are added in engine oil to constitute tri-hybrid nanofluid aiming at obtaining better thermal performance. Furthermore, we also analyze the Jeffery tri-hybrid nanofluid in a rotating frame over an infinite vertical plate. More precisely, the classical model of Jeffery tri-hybrid nanofluid is transformed into a time-fractional model by applying the newly developed constant proportional Caputo fractional derivatives. Sharp numerical results are obtained applying a Laplace transform steered approach. All the flow parameters are highlighted through graphs via MATHCAD. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid and tri-hybrid nanofluid has been performed showing that tri-hybrid nanofluid has good thermal performance. The solutions of the constant proportional operator are discussed classically by taking fractional parameter α → 1. Moreover, some engineering quantities have been calculated and presented in tables. During the analysis we dispersing the mixture of nanoparticles in engine oil base fluid enhanced the heat transfer up-to18.72% which can efficiently improve the lubricity of the engine oil.
Quantum correlation in a nano-electro-optomechanical system enhanced by an optical parametric amplifier and Coulomb-type interaction
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu Dagnaw , Tesfahannes Tesfay Gebremariam , Darge Tewodros Yirgashewa , Kumela Alemayehu Getahun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigated the quantum correlation of nano-electro-optomechanical system enhanced by an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and Coulomb-type interaction. In particular, we consider a hybrid system consisting of a cavity and two charged mechanical oscillators with an OPA, where the optical cavity mode is coupled with a charged mechanical oscillator via radiation pressure, and the two charged mechanical oscillators are coupled through a Coulomb interaction. We use logarithmic negativity to quantify quantum entanglement, and quantum discord to measure the quantumness correlation between the two mechanical oscillators. We characterize quantum steering using the steerability between the two mechanical oscillators. Our results show that the presence of OPA and strong Coulomb coupling enhances the quantum correlations between the two mechanical oscillators. In addition, Coulomb interactions are more prominent in quantum correlations. Besides, in the presence of OPA, the maximum amount of quantum entanglement, quantum steering, and quantum discord were achieved between the two mechanical oscillators is greater than in the absence of OPA. Moreover, a proper phase choice of the optical field driving the OPA enhances quantum correlations under suitable conditions. We obtain quantum entanglement confines quantum steering and quantum discord beyond entanglement. Furthermore, quantum entanglement, quantum steering, and quantum discord decrease rapidly with increasing temperature as a result of decoherence. In addition, quantum discord persists at higher temperature values, although the quantum entanglement between the systems also vanishes completely. Our proposed scheme enhances quantum correlation and proves robust against fluctuations in the bath environment. We believe that the present scheme of quantum correlation provides a promising platform for the realization of continuous variable quantum information processing.
Prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential risk factors among Austrian veterinary medicine students
Authors: Humer Elke , Neubauer Viktoria , Brühl Deianira , Dale Rachel , Pieh Christoph , Probst Thomas
Published: August 2023

Although the poor mental health of veterinarians has been reported in different countries, no data exist on mental health in Austrian veterinary students. This study aimed to provide first data on a broad range of mental health indicators in Austrian veterinary students, compare these data with the Austrian general population, and explore factors associated with poor mental health. A total of 29.1% (n = 430; 85.8% female; mean age: 23.14 ± 3.69 years) of the total Austrian veterinary student population (N = 1477 students; 82.1% females) took part in an online survey conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. Indicators of mental health were symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), insomnia (ISI-7), stress (PSS-4), alcohol abuse (CAGE) and disordered eating (SCOFF). Compared to the general Austrian population a higher proportion of veterinary students exceeded the cut-offs for clinically relevant mental health symptoms (P < 0.05). A total of 55.3% of participating veterinary students exceeded the cut-off for moderate depressive symptoms, 52.6% for moderate anxiety symptoms, 20.9% for clinically relevant insomnia symptoms, 79.3% for high-stress symptoms, 22.8% for symptoms of alcohol abuse and 38.6% for symptoms of disordered eating. Multivariable logistic regression including several sociodemographic, health behavior, and study-related variables as predictors revealed that mental health symptoms in veterinary students were associated with female gender, older age, low physical activity, high smartphone usage, and desired specification in small animal or wildlife medicine. In conclusion, Austrian veterinary students experience a high mental health burden. The teaching of coping skills and strategies to improve mental hygiene should be implemented in the curricula of veterinary education to improve mental health in the veterinary profession.
Seasonally-reversed trends in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific linked to asymmetric AMO influences
Authors: Lin Yong-Fu , Terng Chuen-Teyr , Wu Chau-Ron , Yu Jin-Yi
Published: August 2023

This study identifies seasonally-reversed trends in Kuroshio strength and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) within the western North Pacific (WNP) since the 1990s, specifically in the 22° N–28° N region. These trends are characterized by increases during summer and decreases during winter. The seasonally-reversed trends are a result of the asymmetric responses of the WNP to a shift towards the positive phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) around the same period. The positive AMO induces an anomalous descent over the North Pacific during summer, leading to the direct strengthening of the gyre. However, during winter, it triggers an anomalous descent over the tropical Pacific, which excites a poleward wavetrain impacting the WNP and causing gyre weakening. The associated responses of the East Asian monsoon and China Coastal Current contribute to the observed seasonally-reversed SST trends. It is noteworthy that the seasonally-reversed trends in gyre strength and SSTs are predominantly observed north of 20° N in the WNP. This limitation arises because the anomalous cyclone within the winter poleward wavetrain is located north of this latitude boundary. Specifically, the clearest trends in gyre strength are observed in the northern segment of the Kuroshio, while the manifestation of SST trends in the Taiwan Strait could potentially be attributed to the influence and enhancement of the East Asian monsoon and the China Coastal Current. Due to the limited length of observational data, statistical significance of some of the signals discussed is rather limited. A CESM1 pacemaker experiments is further conducted to confirm the asymmetric responses of the North Pacific to the AMO between the summer and winter seasons.
Association between dietary acid load and the odds of ulcerative colitis: a case–control study
Authors: Movahedian Mina , Emamat Hadi , Tangestani Hadith , Rashvand Samaneh , Ghalandari Hamid , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: August 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBDs), which have a pivotal role in weakening the quality of lives of suffering patients. According to some recent studies, significant changes in dietary patterns may have contributed to the increased prevalence of UC. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) is an index used to estimate dietary acid load of the diet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between PRAL and odds of UC. The current case–control study included 62 newly diagnosed cases of UC and 124 healthy controls. Dietary habits of participants in the last year were collected with a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Thereafter, PRAL score was calculated based on a formula containing the dietary intake of protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Participants were categorized according to quartiles of PRAL. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds' ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of UC across quartiles of PRAL. The results of the current study indicated that in the crude model, participants in the fourth quartile of PRAL had 2.51 time higher odds of UC compared with those in the first quartile of the PRAL [(OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.03–6.14), (P = 0.043)]. After adjustment for age and biological gender, this positive association remained significant [(OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.16–7.72), (P = 0.023)]. In the final model, after further adjustment for BMI, current smoking, education, Helicobacter pylori infection, and dietary intakes of total energy, omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and total dietary fiber, the odds of UC in the highest quartile of PRAL was significantly higher compared to the lowest quartile [(OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.01–9.39), (P = 0.048)]. So, we observed that higher dietary acid load assessed by PRAL score is associated with greater odds of UC.
Fabrication and characterization of multi-biomarker optimized tissue-mimicking phantoms for multi-modal optical spectroscopy
Authors: Gautam Rekha , Mac Mahon Danielle , Eager Gráinne , Ma Hui , Guadagno Claudia Nunzia , Andersson-Engels Stefan , Konugolu Venkata Sekar Sanathana
Published: August 2023

This study developed gelatin-based phantoms optimized across a broad range of optical properties. These well-characterized, multi-biomarker phantoms have the potential to expedite the development of multimodal optical spectroscopy devices for clinical translation.
Correction: Machine learning encodes urine and serum metabolic patterns for autoimmune disease discrimination, classification and metabolic dysregulation analysis
Authors: Du Qiuyao , Wang Xiao , Chen Junyu , Wang Yiran , Liu Wenlan , Wang Liping , Liu Huihui , Jiang Lixia , Nie Zongxiu
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Machine learning encodes urine and serum metabolic patterns for autoimmune disease discrimination, classification and metabolic dysregulation analysis’ by Qiuyao Du et al., Analyst, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an01051a.
A fluoropolymer bifunctional solid membrane interface for improving the discharge duration in aqueous Al–air batteries
Authors: Wei Manhui , Wang Keliang , Pham Thi Ha My , Zhang Meixia , Zhong Daiyuan , Wang Hengwei , Zhong Liping , Liu Dongxin , Pei Pucheng , Züttel Andreas
Published: August 2023

A fluoropolymer bifunctional solid membrane interface (PTFE SMI) effectively inhibits anodic self-corrosion, while simultaneously reducing the accumulation of by-products, thereby facilitating the commercialization of aqueous Al–air batteries.
Correction: Multiple correlations between spin crossover and fluorescence in a dinuclear compound
Authors: Wang Chun-Feng , Sun Ming-Jun , Guo Qi-Jie , Cao Ze-Xing , Zheng Lan-Sun , Tao Jun
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Multiple correlations between spin crossover and fluorescence in a dinuclear compound’ by Chun-Feng Wang et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 14322–14325, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC07810A.
B3S2 monolayer as an anode material for Na/K-ion batteries: a first-principles study
Authors: Wang Danhong , Yang Zhifang , Li Wenliang , Zhang Jingping
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this work is to predict a 2D B3S2 monolayer with a good performance as an anode material for metal-ion batteries.
A near-infrared photodetector based on carbon nanotube transistors exhibits ultra-low dark current through field-modulated charge carrier transport
Authors: Wang Sheng , Huang Wuhua , Tian Junlong , Peng Jie , Cao Juexian
Published: August 2023

Near-infrared photodetectors (NIR PDs) are devices that convert infrared light signals, which are widely used in military and civilian applications, into electrical signals.
The hydration of an oxy-polycyclic aromatic compound: the case of naphthaldehyde
Authors: Claus Jordan A. , Bermúdez Celina , Vallet Valérie , Margulès Laurent , Goubet Manuel
Published: August 2023

Analysis of the structures of monohydrated naphthaldehyde indicates that the β-isomer exhibits higher hydrophilicity compared to the α-isomer, supported by electronic densities, hydration energies, and structural considerations.
Rational design of selective functionalized silica adsorbents for Hg(ii) removal from FGD wastewater. A combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Malibekova Alma , Guliants Vadim
Published: August 2023

Combined experimental and theoretical studies offered insights into Hg2+ complexation on functionalized silica. The DFT calculations suggested a Hg2+ concentration-dependent, simultaneous formation of monodentate and bidentate Hg2+ complexes.
Interfacial band offset engineering with barium-doping towards enhanced performance of all inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells
Authors: Rondiya Sachin R. , Mali Sawanta S. , Roy Anurag , Inwati Gajendra Kumar , Rahane Ganesh K. , Jadhav Yogesh A. , Suresh Sunil , Debnath Tushar , Hong Chang Kook , Dzade Nelson Y.
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the band offset engineering between TiO2 and Ba2+ incorporated CsPbI2Br perovskite.
Momentum matching induced giant magnetoresistance in two-dimensional magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Qiu Yaohua , Liu Chun-Sheng , Shi Xingqiang , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2023

Giant magnetoresistance is obtained in 2D-MTJs of SiC nanoribbons, which arises not from any present mechanisms but from momentum matching/mismatching.
Prospects for useful fission from singlet states higher than S1 in aggregated organic chromophores
Authors: Steer Ronald P.
Published: August 2023

The few known reports and the likely prospects of finding new efficient routes to exciton fission from higher excited singlet states, Sn (n > 1), are reviewed.
High-performance n-type organic thermoelectrics enabled by modulating cyano-functionalized polythiophene backbones
Authors: Wang Junwei , Ma Suxiang , Jeong Sang Young , Yang Wanli , Li Jianfeng , Han Young Woo , Feng Kui , Guo Xugang
Published: August 2023

Via modulating cyano-functionalized polythiophene backbones, the new polymer CNg4T2-CNT2 delivered an impressive n-type power factor of 10.84 μW m−1 K−2 with a high conductivity of 13.2 S cm−1.
Production of functional spherical particles with porous hollow structures in water via oiling-out directional agglomeration
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Li Maolin , Lin Jiawei , Wei Xuemei , Yu Guoqi , Li Kangli , Shen Runpu , Chen Mingyang , Zhou Ling , Gong Junbo
Published: August 2023

An efficient and green method for the production of porous hollow spherical particles was proposed by designing an oiling-out process, and functional spherical particles of indomethacin and nifedipine were successfully prepared in water.
Pomegranate like silicon–carbon composites prepared from lignin-derived phenolic resins as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Penghui , Miao Chen , Yi Dairenjie , Wei Yumeng , Chen Tingjun , Wu Wenjuan
Published: August 2023

Carbon/silicon materials were prepared using lignin-derived phenolic resins and applied to anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which effectively dealt with the volume effect of Si in the charging and discharging of electrode materials.
Bifunctional electrochemical OER and HER activity of Ta2O5 nanoparticles over Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Burman Vishal , Biswas Rathindranath , Roy Ayan , Sharma Rohit , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: August 2023

We have synthesized a Fe2O3/Ta2O5 double oxide heterostructure using a facile hydrothermal method. The resulting composite exhibits strong OER/HER activity - at an overpotential of 231/201 -and a Tafel slope value of 80/136 mV dec−1 in an alkaline and acidic medium respectively.
Boron-doped CoP/nitrogen-doped carbon drives enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fu Ruru , Zhao Yun , Feng Caihong , Jiao Qingze
Published: August 2023

B-CoP/NC is developed as a high-activity and robust catalyst for HER via phosphidation of B-doped Co-PBA.
Organic superconductor modified NH2-UiO-66 for boosting photocatalytic Cr(vi) elimination under low-power ultraviolet light
Authors: Sun Xue-Zi , Yi Xiao-Hong , Li Yu-Hang , Wang Chong-Chen , Wang Peng
Published: August 2023

NH2-UiO-66@TCNQ composites (NUxTCy) were fabricated from NH2-UiO-66 and organic superconductor 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) by the green ball-milling method.
Multifunctional porous organic polymers as ideal platforms for gas uptake, metal-ions sensing, and cell imaging
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Li Ziping , Zhang Chunyu , Xie Chao , Li Changqing , Sun Qikun , Li Zhongping , Xia Hong , Liu Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

In this research, we synthesized multifunctional porous organic polymers as an ideal platform for gas uptake, metal ions sensing, and cell image.
Single-nucleobase resolution of a surface energy transfer nanoruler for in situ measurement of aptamer binding at the receptor subunit level in living cells
Authors: Zhang Yu , Su Mengke , Fang Xingru , Huang Wenwen , Jiang Hao , Li Qi , Hussain Nisar , Ye Mao , Liu Honglin , Tan Weihong
Published: August 2023

A novel nanometal surface energy transfer nanoruler with a single nucleobase resolution for in situ identification of aptamer-bound targets at the protein subunit level in living cells.
Responsive calcium-derived nanoassemblies induce mitochondrial disorder to promote tumor calcification
Authors: Zhao Yan , Yu Xinquan , Kong Weiheng , Kong Rong-Mei , Zhang Ensheng , Xia Lian , Zhang Jing , Qu Fengli , Tan Weihong
Published: August 2023

A dual-path metabolic destruction-assisted therapeutic strategy by sequentially inducing apoptosis and prompting calcification of tumor cells.
Healing hearts: unlocking the potential of gene therapy in revolutionizing cardiovascular disease treatment
Authors: Beqqali Abdelaziz , Baker Andrew H.
Published: August 2023

In medical science, few areas hold as much promise and excitement as gene therapy. It is a cutting-edge field that aims to harness the body’s own genetic machinery to combat diseases at their root cause. While gene therapy has shown potential across various diseases (notably in rare monogenetic disease areas), here we dive into the latest advancements specifically focused on the heart. With cardiovascular diseases remaining a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, researchers are tirelessly exploring innovative ways to tackle rare and common heart-related ailments. In this article, we discuss the fascinating world of gene therapy, exploring recent breakthroughs as well as remaining challenges and their implications for cardiovascular health.
Cell–matrix and cell–cell interaction mechanics in guiding migration
Authors: Le Hoang Anh , Mayor Roberto
Published: August 2023

Physical properties of tissue are increasingly recognised as major regulatory cues affecting cell behaviours, particularly cell migration. While these properties of the extracellular matrix have been extensively discussed, the contribution from the cellular components that make up the tissue are still poorly appreciated. In this mini-review, we will discuss two major physical components: stiffness and topology with a stronger focus on cell–cell interactions and how these can impact cell migration.
Biochemical Society Transactions: celebrating 50 years
Authors: Murphy James M.
Published: August 2023

Biochemical Society Transactions is the reviews journal of the Biochemical Society. Publishing concise reviews written by experts in the field it provides a timely snapshot of the latest developments across all areas of the molecular and cellular biosciences. Elevating authors’ ideas and expertise, each review includes a perspectives section where authors offer comment on the latest advances, a glimpse of future challenges and highlighting the importance of associated research areas in far broader contexts. As Biochemical Society Transactions celebrates its 50th birthday, the current Editor-in-Chief looks back on the journal's history, and looks forward to the next 50 years.
A research on cross‐chain and interoperation methods of fusion protocol
Authors: Ming Li , Wenpeng Song , Ankai Li , Ziming Zhou , Mianchen Liu
Published: August 2023

At present, cross‐chain technology and cross‐chain system pay more attention to cross‐chain security and performance, and have shown great improvement in security, scalability and efficiency. However, the generality of cross‐chain technology in different scenarios is poor, and it may not fit in different business fields. In order to solve the generality problem of cross‐chain technology, this paper sorts out and analyzes the research of blockchain cross‐chain protocol, and proposes a fusion protocol cross‐chain method based on relay‐chain technology. This paper will introduce the cross‐chain framework and cross‐chain transaction process of fusion protocol. Cross‐chain framework includes blockchain cross‐chain interaction architecture, cross‐chain interaction governance mechanism and cross‐chain privacy protection scheme. The transaction process is divided into three different stages. Finally, combined with cross‐chain key technologies and landing application requirements, the future research direction of blockchain cross‐chain technology is given. The fusion protocol cross‐chain method based on relay‐chain technology proposed here is a groundbreaking innovation in the field of blockchain cross‐chain technology. By integrating the advantages of different blockchain systems and protocols, the fusion protocol is able to achieve a high degree of generality and compatibility, making it suitable for various business scenarios and applications.
Design of a multi‐function global navigation satellite system and 5G cellular antenna structure for automotive applications using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Abdul‐Rahman Ehab , Aloi Daniel N.
Published: August 2023

This paper illustrates a single antenna structure that simultaneously satisfies the antenna requirement for 5G cellular and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The antenna has a linearly polarised omnidirectional radiation for the newly defined 5G sub‐6 GHz cellular bands in the 617–5000 MHz frequency range. In contrast, a right‐hand circular polarisation (RHCP) with a hemispherical radiation pattern at the GNSS L1 has a frequency range of 1559–1606 MHz. This multi‐function antenna would provide a simplified product design and better space utilisation, particularly suitable for flat antenna modules and automotive. The primary concept involves employing a planar inverted F antenna structure to generate radiation modes for cellular bands and incorporate U‐slot on the top plate to generate the GNSS radiation modes. The design methodology utilises the characteristic mode analysis tool to tune the desired radiation characteristic mode at the intended frequency range for each function. The antenna was fabricated, and the performance was evaluated on a 1‐m ground plane. The GNSS RHCP gain measures 5 dBc at boresight, with an axial ratio below 2 dB across the L1 bands, while the cellular gain maintains an excellent return loss and omnidirectional radiation pattern performance across the cellular bands.
An extremely metal-poor star complex in the reionization era: Approaching Population III stars with JWST
Authors: Vanzella E. , Loiacono F. , Bergamini P. , Meštrić U. , Castellano M. , Rosati P. , Meneghetti M. , Grillo C. , Calura F. , Mignoli M. , Bradač M. , Adamo A. , Rihtaršič G. , Dickinson M. , Gronke M. , Zanella A. , Annibali F. , Willott C. , Messa M. , Sani E. , Acebron A. , Bolamperti A. , Comastri A. , Gilli R. , Caputi K. I. , Ricotti M. , Gruppioni C. , Ravindranath S. , Mercurio A. , Strait V. , Martis N. , Pascale R. , Caminha G. B. , Annunziatella M. , Nonino M.
Published: August 2023

We present JWST/Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of a lensed Population III candidate stellar complex (dubbed Lensed And Pristine 1, LAP1), with a lensing-corrected stellar mass of ≲104 M⊙ and an absolute luminosity of MUV > −11.2 (mUV > 35.6), confirmed at redshift 6.639 ± 0.004. The system is strongly amplified (μ ≳ 100) by straddling a critical line of the Hubble Frontier Field galaxy cluster MACS J0416. Although the stellar continuum is currently not detected in the Hubble and JWST/Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) imaging, arclet-like shapes of Lyman and Balmer lines, Lyα, Hγ, Hβ and Hα are detected with NIRSpec IFS with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of approximately 5 − 13 and large equivalent widths (> 300 − 2000 Å), along with a remarkably weak [O III]λλ4959, 5007 at S/N ≃ 4. LAP1 shows a large ionizing photon production efficiency, log(ξion[erg Hz−1]) > 26. From the metallicity indexes R23 = ([O III] + [O II])/Hβ ≲ 0.74 and R3 = ([O III]/Hβ) = 0.55 ± 0.14, we derive an oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H)≲6.3. Intriguingly, the Hα emission is also measured in mirrored subcomponents where no [O III] is detected, providing even more stringent upper limits on the metallicity if in situ star formation is ongoing in this region (12 + log(O/H) < 6). The formal stellar mass limit of the subcomponents would correspond to ∼103 M⊙ or MUV fainter than −10. Alternatively, this metal-free, pure line-emitting region could be the first case of a fluorescing H I gas region induced by transverse escaping ionizing radiation from a nearby star complex. The presence of large equivalent-width hydrogen lines and the deficiency of metal lines in such a small region make LAP1 the most metal-poor star-forming region currently known in the reionization era and a promising site that may host isolated, pristine stars.
Neues zum Behçet-Syndrom
Authors: Xenitidis Theodoros , Henes Jörg Christoph
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Immunpathogenese und Genetik Auch beim BS spielt die Neutrophilen-
(Hyper-)Aktivierung und die daraus hervorgehende NETosis eine wichtige Rolle.

Klinische Befunde Neben den 4 Kardinalsymptomen – nämlich rezidivierende orale Aphthen, genitale Aphthen sowie Haut- und Augenläsionen – bietet das Krankheitsbild zahlreiche weitere Manifestationen, die häufig eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit erfordern. Dies gilt neben der Augenbeteiligung, die bei inadäquater Behandlung immer noch zur Erblindung führen kann, insbesondere auch für intestinale und zerebrale Manifestationen sowie für die Großgefäß-Vaskulitis.

Therapie Eine letzte Überarbeitung der EULAR-Empfehlungen erfolgte 2018. Die Empfehlungen sind mittlerweile als wichtiger Behandlungsleitfaden international etabliert. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der führenden Organbeteiligung. Nachdem 2016 Adalimumab eine Zulassung für die Behandlung der hinteren Augenbeteiligung erhielt, steht mit Apremilast seit 2020 ein weiterer Wirkstoff zur Verfügung. Empfohlen wird das Medikament für die Behandlung rezidivierender oraler Aphthen bei erwachsenen Behçet-Patienten, die einer systemischen Therapie bedürfen. Es besteht dennoch ein weiterer Bedarf an neuen Substanzen.
Aktuelles Management des Basalzellkarzinoms
Authors: Krieter Manuel , Schultz Erwin
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Einteilung und Risikostratifizierung Zunehmende Bedeutung gewinnt die primäre Durchführung einer Risikostratifizierung, die für die weiteren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte maßgeblich ist.

Diagnostik Zur Sicherung der klinischen Diagnose stehen verschiedene non-invasive Verfahren zur Verfügung. Eine histologische Diagnosesicherung wird in unklaren Fällen empfohlen. Bei schlecht verschieblichen Läsionen sollte eine präoperative Schnittbildgebung des Tumorareals erfolgen zum Ausschluss einer ossären Infiltration.

Therapie Goldstandard in der Behandlung bleibt weiterhin das operative Vorgehen, welches möglichst mittels mikrografisch kontrollierter Chirurgie erfolgen sollte. Daneben existieren weitere Therapieverfahren wie die Radiotherapie oder eine Reihe an topischen Therapieoptionen (photodynamische Therapie, Kryotherapie oder Applikation von 5-Fluoruracil bzw. Imiquimod), die in bestimmten Fällen zur Anwendung kommen können. Auch für fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Basalzellkarzinome stehen mit den Hedgehog-Inhibitoren wirksame Medikamente zur Verfügung, für die inzwischen eine mehrjährige Anwendungserfahrung hinsichtlich Wirksamkeit und Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen vorliegt. Mit dem PD-1-Inhibitor Cemiplimab steht seit Juni 2021 eine weitere therapeutische Option für nicht operable oder metastasierte Tumoren bereit.

Prävention und Nachsorge Wichtigste Maßnahme ist ein konsequenter textiler oder chemischer UV-Schutz bei bereits betroffenen Personen. Darüber hinaus können Nicotinamid und Celecoxib oral zur Prävention eingesetzt werden. Zur Nachsorge werden von der aktuellen S2k-Leitlinie regelmäßigen Selbstkontrollen und standardisierte ärztliche Kontrolluntersuchungen empfohlen.
Künstliche Intelligenz für die computerunterstützte Leukämiediagnostik
Authors: Matek Christian , Marr Carsten , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Spiekermann Karsten
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Algorithmen auf Basis großer Datenmengen: Voraussetzung für die Anwendung von KI-Algorithmen ist eine hochqualitative Digitalisierung von Präparaten mit ausreichender Auflösung. Ferner ist die zuverlässige Annotation einer ausreichenden Menge von Trainings- und Testdaten nötig.

Umfangreiche Bilddatenbanken für die KI-gestützte Leukämiediagnostik: Zur Entwicklung von datengetriebenen Algorithmen wie z.B. neuronaler Netze ist die Bereitstellung großer, kuratierter Datenbanken nötig. Im Bereich der morphologischen Leukozyten-Differenzierung kann dazu z.B. die Annotation von Zehntausenden von Einzelzellen nötig sein. Neuere Methoden benötigen weniger manuelle Annotationen, jedoch in der Regel noch größere Trainingsdatensätze.

Methoden zur Nachvollziehbarkeit der Vorhersagen: Die „erklärbare KI“ stellt eine Reihe von Methoden bereit, die den Vorhersageprozess von neuronalen Netzen transparenter machen und für die Vorhersage relevante Anteile der Eingangsdaten erkennen. Dies ermöglicht Anwendern, die Vorhersagen des Algorithmus auf Plausibilität zu überprüfen und z.B. zu erkennen, ob bekanntermaßen diagnostisch aussagekräftige Strukturen wie Auer-Stäbchen erkannt wurden.

Voraussetzungen für die Routineanwendung: Für die breite Anwendung in der diagnostischen Routine sind Stabilitäts- und Robustheitsanalysen nötig, um sicherzugehen, dass die Algorithmen ihre Leistungsfähigkeit auch bei Schwankungen der Proben- und Digitalisierungsqualität behalten. Hierzu befinden sich bei den Zulassungsinstitutionen aktuell Standards in Entwicklung.

Perspektive Integrierte Diagnostik: Datenbasierte Algorithmen erlauben die Verknüpfung verschiedener diagnostischer Modalitäten und versprechen bei kombiniertem Zugang zu unterschiedlichen Befundarten eine noch höhere Genauigkeit, stellen allerdings auch noch höhere Ansprüche an die verwendete Datenbasis.
ESC-Leitlinie 2022 – Kardiovaskuläre Abklärung und Management von Patienten mit nicht kardialen chirurgischen Eingriffen – Eine fallorientierte Zusammenfassung einiger der wichtigsten Neuerungen
Authors: Winhard Maximilian , Mehilli Julinda
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Risikostratifizierung und präoperative Evaluation Die wesentlichen Neuerungen ergeben sich aus der Möglichkeit einer sehr individuellen Risikostratifizierung von Patienten, die sich nicht kardialen chirurgischen Eingriffen unterziehen, die sich aus einer patienten- sowie eingriffsorientierten Risikoeinteilung zusammensetzt.

Perioperative Anpassung der medikamentösen Therapie Auch die klaren und zugleich individualisierbaren Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich des perioperativen Managements gerinnungshemmender Therapien resultieren in unmittelbarer klinischer Relevanz.

Perioperativer Myokardschaden (PMI) Ferner stellt die Aufwertung kardialer Biomarker sowohl im Rahmen der präoperativen Risikostratifizierung als auch der frühzeitigen Erkennung peri- und postoperativer (ischämischer) Myokardschädigungen eine relevante Neuerung mit unmittelbarem klinischen Bezug dar.