bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New combinations in Struthiopteris spicant for the European flora
Authors: WASOWICZ PAWEL , GALAN JOSE MARIA GABRIEL Y , PEREZ RUBEN PINO
Published: March 2017

Delimitation of genera in Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8), a subcosmopolitan fern family with ca. 250 species, has remained uncertain for a long time. During the last decade, evidence has been accumulating about the polyphyletism within Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077) (e.g. Shepherd et al. 2007, Rothfels et al. 2012, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014). Recent molecular studies (Gasper et al. 2016a) lead to an updated classification attempting to put morphological characters into a natural, phylogenetic relation (Gasper et al. 2016b). Because of these changes, the species most people associate with the genus Blechnum, B. spicant (Linnaeus 1753: 1066) Roth (1794: 56), is now treated under Struthiopteris Scopoli (1754: 25).
Intergenerational offending
Authors: Flynn Catherine , Van Dyke Nina , Gelb Karen
Published: March 2017

Intergenerational offending refers to the observed phenomenon that offending tends to run in families. As small groups of families have been shown to be responsible for a considerable proportion of crime, there has been a substantial amount of effort expended in researching both the prevalence and patterns of such crime. The mechanisms by which intergenerational continuity of offending is generated, however, are not well understood. Perhaps more importantly, there is even less understanding about those factors that may prevent intergenerational offending. Given the strong focus on examining risk factors for offending, the observation that the majority of children in families where there is parental offending do not go on to become offenders themselves seems to have become lost in the discussion. This article presents a brief overview of research that aims to understand the intergenerational transmission of offending, but then goes on to argue that we need to develop our understanding of protective factors and resistance as well if we are to improve our efforts at prevention. An understanding of the internal and external resources and strategies utilized by those who resist criminal behaviour will enable researchers and policy-makers to rigorously examine and verify these, and implement relevant supportive strategies.
An intriguing case of acute myocardial ischaemia in a patient with severe respiratory failure with veno-venous extracorporeal support
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , White Mary , Price Susanna
Published: March 2017

We describe a case of a young woman requiring veno-venous extracorporeal support for severe secondary respiratory failure who developed a myocardial ischaemia due to an intermittent obstruction of the right coronary sinus by a fluttering thrombus. She was medically treated with full anticoagulation regimen, needed for the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, without any other ischaemic or embolic event.
IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP induce a distinct phenotypic and activation profile in human type 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Camelo Ana , Rosignoli Guglielmo , Ohne Yoichiro , Stewart Ross A. , Overed-Sayer Catherine , Sleeman Matthew A. , May Richard D.
Published: March 2017

Key Points

IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP induce distinct activation profiles in ILC2s. IL-2 further amplifies their response and induces an NK-like phenotype. ILC2 plasticity is observed in serum-free media even when in the presence of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, and absence of either IL-1β or IL-12.
Individual Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of the Performance of the Decipher Genomic Classifier in High-Risk Men After Prostatectomy to Predict Development of Metastatic Disease
Authors: Spratt Daniel E. , Yousefi Kasra , Deheshi Samineh , Ross Ashley E. , Den Robert B. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Trock Bruce J. , Zhang Jingbin , Glass Andrew G. , Dicker Adam P. , Abdollah Firas , Zhao Shuang G. , Lam Lucia L.C. , du Plessis Marguerite , Choeurng Voleak , Haddad Zaid , Buerki Christine , Davicioni Elai , Weinmann Sheila , Freedland Stephen J. , Klein Eric A. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Feng Felix Y.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To perform the first meta-analysis of the performance of the genomic classifier test, Decipher, in men with prostate cancer postprostatectomy.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Decipher genomic resource information database were searched for published reports between 2011 and 2016 of men treated by prostatectomy that assessed the benefit of the Decipher test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models fit to individual patient data were performed; meta-analyses were conducted by pooling the study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) using random-effects modeling. Extent of heterogeneity between studies was determined with the I2 test.

Results

Five studies (975 total patients, and 855 patients with individual patient-level data) were eligible for analysis, with a median follow-up of 8 years. Of the total cohort, 60.9%, 22.6%, and 16.5% of patients were classified by Decipher as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence metastases rates were 5.5%, 15.0%, and 26.7% ( P < .001), respectively, for the three risk classifications. Pooling the study-specific Decipher HRs across the five studies resulted in an HR of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.39 to 1.67; I2 = 0%) per 0.1 unit. In multivariable analysis of individual patient data, adjusting for clinicopathologic variables, Decipher remained a statistically significant predictor of metastasis (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.47; P < .001) per 0.1 unit. The C-index for 10-year distant metastasis of the clinical model alone was 0.76; this increased to 0.81 with inclusion of Decipher.

Conclusion

The genomic classifier test, Decipher, can independently improve prognostication of patients postprostatectomy, as well as within nearly all clinicopathologic, demographic, and treatment subgroups. Future study of how to best incorporate genomic testing in clinical decision-making and subsequent treatment recommendations is warranted.
Regulation of Brn3b by Dlx1 and Dlx2 is required for retinal ganglion cell differentiation in the vertebrate retina
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zagozewski Jamie , Cheng Shaohong , Dixit Rajiv , Zhang Shunzhen , de Melo Jimmy , Mu Xiuqian , Klein William H. , Brown Nadean L. , Wigle Jeffrey T. , Schuurmans Carol , Eisenstat David D.
Published: March 2017

Regulated retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation and axonal guidance is required for a functional visual system. Homeodomain and basic helix loop helix transcription factors are required for retinogenesis, as well as patterning, differentiation and maintenance of specific retinal cell types. We hypothesized that Dlx1/Dlx2 and Brn3b homeobox genes function in parallel intrinsic pathways to determine RGC fate and generated Dlx1/Dlx2/Brn3b triple knockout mice. A more severe retinal phenotype was found in the Dlx1/Dlx2/Brn3b null retinas than predicted by combining features of the Brn3b single and Dlx1/Dlx2 double knockout retinas, including near total RGC loss with a marked increase in amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer. Furthermore, we discovered that DLX1 and DLX2 function as direct transcriptional activators of Brn3b expression. Knockdown of Dlx2 expression in primary embryonic retinal cultures and Dlx2 gain-of-function in utero strongly support that DLX2 is both necessary and sufficient for Brn3b expression in vivo. We suggest that Atoh7 specifies RGC committed progenitors and that Dlx1/Dlx2 functions both downstream of Atoh7 and in parallel but cooperative pathways involving regulation of Brn3b expression to determine RGC fate.
Borrowing on the Wrong Credit Card? Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Ponce Alejandro , Seira Enrique , Zamarripa Guillermo
Published: March 2017

We establish new facts about the way consumers allocate debt among their credit cards using data for a representative sample of cardholders in Mexico. We find that relative prices are weak predictors of the allocation of debt, purchases, and payments. Consumers allocate a large fraction of their debt to high-interest cards, incurring a cost of 31 percent above the minimum. Using an experiment, we find that consumers do not substitute in the price margin, although they respond to salient temporary low-interest offers. We conclude that limited attention and mental accounting best rationalize our results and discuss implications for the market. (JEL D14, G21, O12, O16)
Correlation Misperception in Choice
Authors: Ellis Andrew , Piccione Michele
Published: March 2017

We present a decision-theoretic analysis of an agent's understanding of the interdependencies in her choices. We provide the foundations for a simple and flexible model that allows the misperception of correlated risks. We introduce a framework in which the decision maker chooses a portfolio of assets among which she may misperceive the joint returns, and present simple axioms equivalent to a representation in which she attaches a probability to each possible joint distribution over returns and then maximizes subjective expected utility using her ( possibly misspecified) beliefs. (JEL D11, D81, D83, G11)
Dose Titration Algorithm Tuning (DTAT) should supersede ‘the’ Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) in oncology dose-finding trials
Authors: Norris David C.
Published: March 2017

Background. Absent adaptive, individualized dose-finding in early-phase oncology trials, subsequent ‘confirmatory’ Phase III trials risk suboptimal dosing, with resulting loss of statistical power and reduced probability of technical success for the investigational therapy. While progress has been made toward explicitly adaptive dose-finding and quantitative modeling of dose-response relationships, most such work continues to be organized around a concept of ‘the’ maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate concretely how the aim of early-phase trials might be conceived, not as ‘dose-finding’, but as dose titration algorithm (DTA)-finding. Methods. A Phase I dosing study is simulated, for a notional cytotoxic chemotherapy drug, with neutropenia constituting the critical dose-limiting toxicity. The drug’s population pharmacokinetics and myelosuppression dynamics are simulated using published parameter estimates for docetaxel. The amenability of this model to linearization is explored empirically. The properties of a simple DTA targeting neutrophil nadir of 500 cells/mm 3 using a Newton-Raphson heuristic are explored through simulation in 25 simulated study subjects. Results. Individual-level myelosuppression dynamics in the simulation model approximately linearize under simple transformations of neutrophil concentration and drug dose. The simulated dose titration exhibits largely satisfactory convergence, with great variance in individualized optimal dosing. Some titration courses exhibit overshooting. Conclusions. The large inter-individual variability in simulated optimal dosing underscores the need to replace ‘the’ MTD with an individualized concept of MTDi . To illustrate this principle, the simplest possible DTA capable of realizing such a concept is demonstrated. Qualitative phenomena observed in this demonstration support discussion of the notion of tuning such algorithms. Although here illustrated specifically in relation to cytotoxic chemotherapy, the DTAT principle appears similarly applicable to Phase I studies of cancer immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents.
Variation in the effectiveness of insecticide treated nets against malaria and outdoor biting by vectors in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Alice , Mwangangi Joseph M. , Rono Martin K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Omedo Irene , Midega Janet , Scott J. Anthony G. , Bejon Philip
Published: March 2017

Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) protect humans against bites from the Anopheles mosquito vectors that transmit malaria, thereby reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. It has been noted that ITN use leads to a switch from indoor to outdoor feeding among these vectors. It might be expected that outdoor feeding would undermine the effectiveness of ITNs that target indoors vectors, but data are limited. Methods: We linked homestead level geospatial data to clinical surveillance data at a primary healthcare facility in Kilifi County in order to map geographical heterogeneity in ITN effectiveness and observed vector feeding behaviour using landing catches and CDC light traps in seven selected areas of high and low ITN effectiveness. Results: We observed 33% and 39% visits associated with positive malaria slides among ITN users and non-ITN-users, respectively; ITN use was associated with 22% protection from malaria (crude OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.84). We obtained significant modification of ITN effectiveness by geographical area (p=0.022), and identified significant hotspots using the spatial scan statistic. Most biting occurred outdoors (62%) and was by An. funestus (76%), and appeared to be more frequent in low ITN effectiveness areas compared with high ITN effectiveness areas (69% vs. 26%, p<0.001), but this was due to a single outlying area.  After excluding this outlying area, outdoor biting was similar in low vs. high ITN effectiveness area (69% vs. 75%, p=0.76). Conclusion: Our data therefore do not support the hypothesis that outdoor biting undermines the effectiveness of ITNs in our study area.
Resource Pooling and Allocation Policies to Deliver Differentiated Service
Authors: Zhong Yuanguang , Zheng Zhichao , Chou Mabel C. , Teo Chung-Piaw
Published: March 2017

Resource pooling strategies have been widely used in industry to match supply with demand. However, effective implementation of these strategies can be challenging. Firms need to integrate the heterogeneous service level requirements of different customers into the pooling model and allocate the resources (inventory or capacity) appropriately in the most effective manner. The traditional analysis of inventory pooling, for instance, considers the performance metric in a centralized system and does not address the associated issue of inventory allocation. Using Blackwell’s Approachability Theorem, we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions to relate the fill rate requirement of each customer to the resources needed in the system. This provides a new approach to studying the value of resource pooling in a system with differentiated service requirements. Furthermore, we show that with “allocation flexibility,” the amount of safety stock needed in a system with independent and identically distributed demands does not grow with the number of customers but instead diminishes to zero and eventually becomes negative as the number of customers grows sufficiently large. This surprising result holds for all demand distributions with bounded first and second moments.

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Ambiguous Joint Chance Constraints Under Mean and Dispersion Information
Authors: Hanasusanto Grani A. , Roitch Vladimir , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram
Published: March 2017

We study joint chance constraints where the distribution of the uncertain parameters is only known to belong to an ambiguity set characterized by the mean and support of the uncertainties and by an upper bound on their dispersion. This setting gives rise to pessimistic (optimistic) ambiguous chance constraints, which require the corresponding classical chance constraints to be satisfied for every (for at least one) distribution in the ambiguity set. We demonstrate that the pessimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) the constraint coefficients of the decisions are deterministic, (ii) the support set of the uncertain parameters is a cone, and (iii) the dispersion function is of first order, that is, it is positively homogeneous. We also show that pessimistic joint chance constrained programs become intractable as soon as any of the conditions (i), (ii) or (iii) is relaxed in the mildest possible way. We further prove that the optimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) holds, and that they become intractable if (i) is violated. We show in numerical experiments that our results allow us to solve large-scale project management and image reconstruction models to global optimality.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1583 .
Hubungan antara Nilai Red Cell Distribution Width dan Fungsi Ventrikel Kiri pada Anak dengan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Asianotik
Authors: Pratama Achmad Yudha Aditya , Widjaja Sri Lilijanti , Salimo Harsono
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Abnormalitas fungsi sistolik dan diastolik dari ventrikel kanan dan kiri banyak ditemukan pada pasien dengan PJB asianotik. Di Indonesia, fasilitas untuk menilai fungsi ventrikel kiri berupa ekokardiografi tidak selalu tersedia di rumah sakit perifer sehingga diperlukan penanda lain sebagai alternatif, di antaranya, red cell distribution width (RDW).Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan nilai RDW dan fungsi ventrikel kiri (ejeksi fraksi, fraksi pemendekan dan rasio E/A) pada anak dengan PJB asianotik di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional, subjek 33 anak PJB asianotik. Hubungan antara kadar RDW dan parameter fungsi ventrikel kiri dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Di antara 33 subjek terdapat 17 laki-laki (51,5%). Didapatkan jenis PJB asianotik VSD (ventricle septal defect) 10 pasien (30,3%), ASD (atrial septal defect) 15 pasien (45,5%) dan PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) 8 pasien (24,2%). RDW berkorelasi signifikan dengan rasio E/A pada PJB asianotik secara keseluruhan (r -0,342; p=0,026). Pada VSD dan PDA, RDW tidak berkorelasi dengan parameter fungsi ventrikel kiri apapun. Namun pada ASD, RDW berkorelasi signifikan dengan ejeksi fraksi (r -0,491; p=0,032). Kesimpulan. Didapatkan hubungan antara RDW dengan parameter fungsi ventrikel kiri, terutama rasio E/A pada pasien PJB asianotik. Selain itu, juga terdapat hubungan antara RDW dengan ejeksi fraksi pada pasien ASD.
Faktor Risiko Anemia pada Pasien Kusta Anak dalam terapi MDT (Multi Drug Therapy)
Authors: Delfina Milza , Wandita Setya , Laksanawati Ida Safitri
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Sepuluh persen kasus kusta baru yang terdeteksi di Indonesia merupakan kusta anak. Pemberian MDT (multi drug therapy) khususnya komponen dapson dapat menimbulkan efek samping anemia hemolitik. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko terjadinya anemia pada pasien kusta anak dengan terapi MDT.Metode. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di RS Kusta Sitanala Tangerang pada bulan April-Desember 2013. Subyek penelitian adalah pasien kusta anak usia kurang dari 18 tahun yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua pasien kusta anak dengan terapi MDT yang setuju dengan informed consent. Terapi kusta selain MDT atau mendapatkan terapi rutin lain, putus obat MDT >6 bulan atau sedang mengalami reaksi kusta tidak diikutsertakan. Kadar hemoglobin diperiksa dengan metode Cyanmethemoglobin. Analisis menggunakan uji chi square dan Fisher’s exact. Hasil. Didapatkan 70 pasien dengan kadar hemoglobin rata-rata 10,8 g/dL pada kelompok anemia, dan 12,5 g/dL tidak anemia. Empat puluh dari pasien tersebut (57,1%) mengalami anemia. Rerata indeks eritrosit menunjukkan anemia normositik normokromik. Pasien yang mendapatkan terapi MDT ≥3 bulan berisiko untuk mengalami anemia (PR: 2,7; IK95%:1,02-7,23). Faktor usia (PR:1,7; IK95%: 0,64-4,35), jenis kelamin (PR:1,3; IK95%: 0,49-3,26), status gizi (PR:1,6; IK95%: 0,57-4,25), dan jenis terapi (PR:0,4; IK95%: 0,04-4,31) bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya anemia.Kesimpulan. Lama terapi ≥3 bulan merupakan faktor risiko anemia pada kusta anak dengan terapi MDT.
Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Usia 0 – 18 tahun Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia 2017
Authors: Gunardi Hartono , Kartasasmita Cissy B. , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki , Satari Hindra Irawan , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Oswari Hanifah , Pusponegoro Hardiono D , Batubara Jose R , Akib Arwin AP , Hegar Badriul , Yanuarso Piprim B , Hendrarto Toto Wisnu
Published: March 2017

Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia melalui Satuan Tugas Imunisasi mengeluarkan rekomendasi Imunisasi IDAI tahun 2017 untuk menggantikan jadwal imunisasi sebelumnya. Jadwal imunisasi 2017 ini bertujuan menyeragamkan jadwal imunisasi rekomendasi IDAI dengan jadwal imunisasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI khususnya untuk imunisasi rutin. Jadwal imunisasi 2017 juga dibuat berdasarkan ketersediaan kombinasi vaksin DTP dengan hepatitis B seperti DTPw-HB-Hib, DTPa-HB-Hib-IPV, dan dalam situasi keterbatasan atau kelangkaan vaksin tertentu seperti vaksin DTPa atau DTPw tanpa kombinasi dengan vaksin lainnya. Hal baru yang terdapat pada jadwal 2017 antara lain: vaksin hepatitis B monovalen tidak perlu diberikan pada usia 1 bulan apabila anak akan mendapat vaksin DTP-Hib kombinasi dengan hepatitis B; bayi paling sedikit harus mendapat satu dosis vaksin IPV (inactivated polio vaccine) bersamaan (simultan) dengan OPV-3 saat pemberian DTP-3; vaksin DTPw direkomendasikan untuk diberikan pada usia 2,3 dan 4 bulan. Hal baru yang lain adalah untuk vaksin influenza dapat diberikan vaksin inaktif trivalen atau quadrivalen, vaksin MMR dapat diberikan pada usia 12 bulan apabila anak belum mendapat vaksin campak pada usia 9 bulan. Vaksin HPV apabila diberikan pada remaja usia 10-13 tahun, pemberian cukup 2 dosis dengan interval 6-12 bulan; respons antibodi setara dengan 3 dosis. Vaksin Japanese Encephalitis direkomendasikan untuk diberikan mulai usia 12 bulan pada daerah endemis atau pada turis yang akan bepergian ke daerah endemis. Vaksin dengue direkomendasikan untuk diberikan pada anak usia 9-16 tahun dengan jadwal 0, 6, dan 12 bulan. Dengan pemberian imunisasi sesuai rekomendasi, diharapkan anak-anak Indonesia terlindungi dari penyakit infeksi yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi.
Islamisation as Legal Intolerance: The Case of GARIS in Cianjur, West Java
Authors: Lukito Ratno
Published: March 2017

n its endeavour, Islamization projects done by some Muslim organisations in Indonesia can lead to certain treats of intolerance, especially to those rejecting the missions wrought about in the movements. Using qualitative approach, this paper tries to analyse the legal Islamization programs undertaken by Gerakan Reformis Islam (GARIS) in Cianjur, West Java, since their inception in early 2001 and its inclination to various intolerant attitudes towards others. The movement of Islamization is probed on the basis of the three main GARIS projects, namely, reviewing the draft of Indonesian penal law, engaging contra-Christianization movements and the struggle against Ahmadiyah. Describing the movement, one will see how the idea of legal Islamization is carefully and persistently moulded in the field to make it so fluid and adequate to accomplish a purpose. What seems appearing in this phenomenon is not a theoretical legal quandary but more a political one, as legal Islamization is in its practice more sensed as a political movement than that of law.[Dalam praktiknya, gerakan Islamisasi yang dilakukan oleh beberapa organisasi Islam di Indonesia dapat memunculkan tindakan intoleransi, utamanya hal itu menimpa mereka yang menolak gerakan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, paper ini berusaha untuk menganalisis program-program Islamisasi hukum yang dilakukan oleh Gerakan Reformis Islam (GARIS) di Cianjur, Jawa Barat sejak mula berdirinya organisasi ini di awal 2001 dan kecenderungannya kepada perilaku intoleransi kepada kelompok lain. Gerakan Islamisasi dari GARIS ini dikaji berdasarkan pada tiga program mereka yang paling utama yaitu: usulan perbaikan terhadap draf amandemen hukum pidana Indonesia, gerakan perlawanan terhadap kristenisasi, dan perlawanan terhadap kelompok Ahmadiyah. Melalui kajian yang mendalam terhadap organisasi ini, kita dapat melihat bagaimana program Islamisasi hukum tersebut dilakukan dengan kesungguhan di lapangan sehingga dapat meraih hasil sesuai dengan yang dicanangkan. Apa yang dapat kita lihat dari fenomena ini sejatinya bukanlah pergumulan teori hukum namun lebih sebagai perhelatan politik, karena pada praktiknya gerakan Islamisasi hukum itu lebih menonjol sisi gerakan politiknya ketimbang hukumnya.]
Impaired growth and reproductive capacity in marine rockweeds following prolonged environmental contaminant exposure
Authors: Lauze Jessie F. , Hable Whitney E.
Published: March 2017

Intertidal macroalgae are resilient organisms, withstanding daily fluctuations in temperature, salinity and air exposure. These sessile seaweeds are exposed to anthropogenic pollution as an additional stressor in their natural habitat alongside coastal waterways, which are often adjacent to industrial centers. One such habitat in the New Bedford Harbor in Massachusetts has been recognized by government agencies as a site of National Priority after several decades of polychlorinated biphenyl and metal discharge. Research has focused on the effects of these contaminants among large-scale trophic cascades, with less emphasis on sessile primary productivity. Macroalgal members of the community were the focus of this study and were used to evaluate the presence and effect of environmental contaminants. Contaminants prominent in highly polluted regions of the harbor were elevated in tissue samples. Field surveys evaluating density and biomass were conducted in five areas of varying contamination and indicated a drastic inhibition of colonization with increasing contaminant load. No differences were detected between sites in terms of oocyte production in a single receptacle, but only individuals from less contaminated regions released those oocytes. Potential causes of decreased population size may therefore be reduction in individual biomass and a decreased ability to release eggs.
Round-pot feeder: low-cost apparatus for field studies on food supplementation for arboreal small mammals
Authors: Mendonça André Faria , Armond Thaiz , Camargo Anna Carla L. , Zangrandi Priscilla L. , Vieira Emerson M.
Published: March 2017

We describe a newly developed and low-cost feeder designed for use with arboreal small mammals under any climatic condition. As part of a project on bottom-up regulation of small mammal populations in central Brazil, we present the results of 16 months of food supplementation. During the study, more than 118 kg of milled cat food were consumed, out of a total of 207 kg offered. Moreover, we registered a low rate of loss (14.05%) of feeders from falling to the ground or termite/ant colonization. The round-pot feeder described here represents a low-cost method for providing continuous food-supplementation, contraceptives, or poisoned baits to arboreal small mammals.
Atitudes de estudantes de medicina face ao “mais médicos” revela favorecimento endogrupal
Authors: Barros Clarissa Maria Dubeux Lopes , Torres Ana Raquel Rosas , Pereira Cicero Roberto
Published: March 2017

As pessoas são motivadas a favorecer o seu próprio grupo na distribuição de recursos simbólicos e materiais. Analisou-se em que medida este fenômeno está presente na atitude de estudantes de medicina face ao Programa Mais Médicos. Testou-se as hipóteses de que a oposição à contratação de médicos estrangeiros é motivada pelo favorecimento endogrupal e que este efeito é potencializado pelo preconceito contra a origem dos médicos. O estudo foi realizado em 259 estudantes de medicina alocados aleatoriamente em cenários conforme a origem nacional dos médicos a serem contratados (cubanos vs. espanhóis vs. portugueses vs. brasileiros) que indicaram a sua concordância com a contratação. Os resultados mostram que estudantes são favoráveis à contratação apenas de médicos brasileiros, opondo-se à contratação de médicos estrangeiros. Na discussão abordou-se as atitudes face ao Programa Mais Médicos como indicadoras de tensões sociais subjacentes à distribuição de recursos socialmente valorizados e motivadas por fatores identitários.
Avaliação de habilidades relacionadas à compreensão de leitura no ensino fundamental
Authors: Ferraz Adriana Satico , Dos Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli
Published: March 2017

Por reconhecer a relevância da compreensão de leitura para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, esse estudo objetivou a investigação da sua relação com o reconhecimento de palavras e a consciência fonológica, bem como a contribuição de ambas as habilidades para o seu desempenho. A amostra de estudo contou com 390 alunos do 3º ao 5º anos do primeiro ciclo do Fundamental, residentes nas cinco regiões brasileiras, sendo 181 meninos e 209 meninas (M idade=9,21; DP=1,065). Os instrumentos utilizados foram dois textos de Cloze e a EREP, aplicados coletivamente, e o RACF, aplicado individualmente. Identificaram-se correlações entre a compreensão de leitura e ambas as habilidades, com destaque para a contribuição superior do reconhecimento de palavras para a compreensão de leitura. Verificaram-se, ainda, as diferenças de desempenho para as variáveis ano escolar e região de moradia. Destaca-se a iniciativa desse estudo em avaliar o desempenho dos alunos nos primeiros anos escolares na dimensão das cinco regiões brasileiras.
Influencia de la mineralogía de arcillas, textura y contenido de carbono orgánico sobre el índice de friabilidad de suelos cultivados con caña de azúcar
Authors: Avila Edgar Alvaro , Darghan Aquiles Enrique , Leiva Fabio Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

La friabilidad es una propiedad física esencial en el manejo mecánico del suelo y su comportamiento está asociado a la naturaleza de otras propiedades edáficas; que requiere ser estudiada de manera integral con diferentes propiedades mineralógicas, físicas y químicas. Se evaluó el efecto del dominio de los minerales arcillosos tipo 1:1 (caolinitas) y 2:1 (esmectitas y vermiculitas), la textura y el contenido de carbono orgánico (CO), sobre el índice de friabilidad (IF) de suelos cultivados con caña de azúcar. El IF se determinó por el método del coeficiente de variación, a partir del límite inferior del intervalo de confianza (IFi). Se utilizaron 7280 agregados de los horizontes Ap y A1, tomados en 18 fincas localizadas en el Valle Geográfico del Río Cauca, Colombia. Se determinó la mineralogía de la fracción arcilla a partir de difracción de rayos X, la distribución granulométrica por el método de la pipeta y el contenido de CO por el método de Walkley & Black. El análisis estadístico se realizó a partir de un enfoque descriptivo e inferencial, univariante y multivariante. No se encontró efecto significativo de la dominancia de arcillas 1:1 y 2:1 sobre la variable respuesta IFi; sin embargo, de manera descriptiva se observaron valores más altos deI IFi en suelos con dominio de arcillas 1:1. No se encontró efecto significativo atribuible a las fracciones de arcilla y limo total (FaT y FLT) sobre el IFi de los suelos, por el contrario, la fracción arena total (FAT) y el contenido de CO presentaron efecto altamente significativo en el IFi, con valores más altos del IFi en los suelos con mayores contenidos de CO y menores contenidos de la FAT.
Respuesta del pasto alpiste (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) a la fertilización nitrogenada en Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos Luis
Published: March 2017

El nitrógeno es el nutriente de mayor importancia en la producción de pasturas y las dosis de fertilización utilizadas deben optimizar la producción de biomasa de alto valor nutricional con un bajo costo y mínima afectación al medio ambiente. Se realizó un estudio con pasto alpiste (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cosechado cada 70 días en una finca comercial productora de leche ubicada en el distrito de Santa Rosa de Oreamuno, en la provincia de Cartago entre noviembre de 2010 a enero de 2012. Se aplicó 3 dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (100, 200 y 300 kg.ha-1) y se evaluó su respuesta productiva en biomasa y valor nutricional por medio de un diseño de bloques completos al azar. La producción de materia seca no fue estadísticamente diferente (p≥0,05) entre las dosis menor y mayor (2956 y 3347 kg.ha-1, respectivamente), mientras que mostró valores menores y mayores (p≤0,0001) entre los muestreos de febrero y abril (1632 y 4323 kg.ha-1, respectivamente). Los rangos de concentraciones de proteína cruda (14,62- 19,20%), fibra detergente neutro (54,50-70,70%) y energía neta de lactancia (1,14-1,32 Mcal.kg-1 MS) fueron el resultado de los cambios significativos (p≤0,0001) que se presentaron a lo largo del año en el alpiste forrajero. Estrategias de ajustes en carga animal y suplementación del ganado lechero deben considerarse para llenar las limitantes estacionales encontradas en la biomasa y el valor nutricional del pasto alpiste durante el año.
Living benthic Foraminifera from the Saquarema lagoonal system (Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Belart Pierre , Laut Vanessa Mattos , Clemente Iara Martins Moreira Matos , Raposo Débora Silva , Martins Virgínia , Frontalini Fabrizio , Lorini Maria Lucia , Fortes Rafael Rocha , Laut Lazaro Luiz Mattos
Published: March 2017

Transitional environments such as coastal lagoons with narrow connections to the sea are ecosystems very sensitive to natural or anthropogenic pressures. They are biodiversity hotspots and for this reason it should be studied and preserved. This study lists the benthic Foraminifera species from the Saquarema lagoonal system (SLS), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. This complex ecosystem consists of four large connected lagoons, namely Urussanga, Jardim, Boqueirão, and Saquarema. A poorly diversified benthic foraminiferal assemblage was documented from most of the lagoon system and consisted of only eight species belonging to three orders and four families. The relatively low species richness of the SLS compared to other Brazilian coastal lagoons might be explained by several factors including domestic sewage input and the long residence time of water.
Islamisasi Prinsip Counter Accounting
Authors: Utama Dayno
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the idea of Islamization of counter accounting principles. Such an Islamization is necessary because counter accounting princip-les are formulated by using the philosophy of punk from the western society which has different beliefs. In addition, the idea of Islamization in this study shows that Islamic knowledge can indeed be developed continuously. Therefore, the claim that there is no development inside this knowledge, and that it cannot be categorized as science, willl no longer exist. This study reveals the findings that the wisdom from argumentation which constructs the principles of counter accounting is parallel with the wisdom from Islamic values as interpreted by experts of Islamic accounting. The Islamiza-tion of counter accounting principles confirms the truth of belief in the existence of Allah and His revelation.
PENDIDIKAN MORAL PERSPEKTIF NASIH ULWAN
Authors: Istiadie Johan , Subhan Fauti
Published: March 2017

BAHASA INDONESIA:

Tulisan ini berusaha memotret pemikiran pendidikan moral menurut Nasih Ulwan dan relevansinya dalam menjawab problematika manusia modern. Dalam perspektif Nasih Ulwan, pendidikan moral merupakan serangkaian prinsip dasar moral dan keutamaan sikap serta watak (tabiat) yang harus dimiliki dan dijadikan kebiasaan oleh anak sejak masa pemula hingga ia menjadi seorang mukallaf, yakni siap mengarungi lautan kehidupan. Di era modern, persoalan yang muncul adalah persoalan fisik dan psikis. Persoalan fisik mengarah pada pengkondisian manusia sebagai objek dari segala produk iptek. Sementara itu persoalan psikis mengarah pada pendangkalan nilai-nilai moral-spiritual akibat dari dominasi produk iptek modern yang skuler. Salah satu problem mendasar di negeri ini adalah krisis moral dan kepercayaan. Krisis tersebut berawal dari ketidakjujuran aparatur Negara dalam menjalankan amanahnya sebagai pemegang kebijakan. Perilaku korupsi dan sejenisnya adalah cermin dari sikap suka bohong, suka mencuri, kenakalan dan penyimpangan. Oleh karena itu ajaran moral Nasih Ulwan amat relevan jika diterapkan di negeri ini demi menjawab problem krisis moral dan kepercayaan yang terjadi.

 

ENGLISH:

This paper concerned in moral education thought based on Nasih Ulwan and its relevance in answering the problems of human modern. From Ulwan’s perspective, moral education is a set of moral basic principle and the primacy of attitude and character (nature) which has to be owned and used as habit by children since they are young until become mukallaf, is ready to face the world. In modern era, the issue which emerges is a physical and psychic problem. Physical issue leads to conditioning a human as an object of all the products of science and technology. Meanwhile, psychic problem leads to the silting up of moral-spiritual value caused by the dominance of modern science and technology products. One of the fundamental problems in this country is a moral crisis and faithful. The crisis started from the dishonesty of country’s apparatures in carrying out their mandate as the policy controller. The corruption, and its relation, is the reflective of dishonesty, thieving, delinquency, and irregularities. Therefore, moral learning by Ulwan is very relevant if applied in this country in order to answer the moral crisis problem and trust which is occurred.
ETIKA BELAJAR DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL-MUTA’ALLIM
Authors: Alfiyah Hanik Yuni
Published: March 2017

BAHASA INDONESIA:

Tulisan ini bermaksud mengulas tentang teori belajar dalam kitab Ta’lim al-Mut’allim yang dikarang oleh Imam Zarnuji. Kitab Ta’lim al-Mut’allim sangat mengedepankan aspek moral dalam proses belajar mengajar. Moralitas harus dimiliki pendidik dan peserta didik. Dalm Ta’lim al-Muta’allim sangat diagagungkan ilmu agama yang berorientasi untuk kepentingan kehidupan di akhirat. Kitab ini juga menyatakan bahwa setiap peserta didik harus memiliki sikap yang terpuji, antara lain: 1. Memuliakan pendidik, 2. Mengagungkan ilmu, 3. Menghormati Teman dan Bersikap Asih, 4. Bersikap Wira’i, 5. Penuh dengan Sikap Tawakkal, 6. Menghadap Kiblat ketika Belajar. Corak pemikiran pembelajaran dalam kitab Ta’lim al-Muta’allim bersifat mistik-sufistik. Artinya, sangat mengedepankan aspek spiritual atau moral kepada Allah SWT.

 

ENGLISH:

This research discusses about learning theory on Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book written by Imam Zarnuji. Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book prioritizes moral aspect in teaching and learning process. The morality should be implemented by both educators and learners. Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book has the focus on theology that orientates to the importance of life in hereafter. This book also explains that the learners should implement admirable attitude, they are: 1. Honoring the educators, 2. Honoring the science, 3. Respecting and loving the mates, 4. Implementing Wira’i, 5. Implementing Tawakkal, 6. Facing the west (direction)  if the learners study. The complexity of learning thought on Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book has mystical-sufistical characteristic that means prioritizing spiritual or moral aspect to Allah.
DINAMIKA POLITIK PENDIDIKAN GURU AGAMA ISLAM PADA MASA ORDE LAMA
Authors: Listiana Heni
Published: March 2017

Politik pendidikan guru agama Islam pada masa Orde lama tidak dapat dilepaskan dari perjuangan memasukkan materi agama di sekolah. Sudah sejak lama Pemerintah Belanda menjadikan pendidikan agama terpisah dari pendidikan sekolah, dengan asumsi pendidikan sekolah itu netral dari pendidikan agama. Pendidikan agama menjadi urusan pribadi masing-masing dan bukan menjadi bagian integral pada pendidikan sekolah. Pemisahan ini menjadikan perbedaan yang sengit antara kaum nasionalis dan umat Islam dalam memandang pendidikan agama. Kaum nasionalis memiliki kecenderungan sinis dan apatis terhadap kaum muslim. Demikian juga kaum muslim berusaha untuk menyelamatkan kepentingannya dalam kancah politik di Indonesia sebagai mayoritas. Tetapi menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dikaji adalah meskipun Kementerian agama lahir belakangan tetapi usaha yang dilakukan pasca kemerdekaan harus diakui sebagai upaya yang luar biasa dalam menyediakan pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi umat Islam, terbukti dengan penyelenggaraan pendidikan guru yang pernah dijalankan.
SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM TEORI PANCARAN (TELAAH FILOSOFIS TENTANG PENDIDIKAN)
Authors: Kadir Abd.
Published: March 2017

Secara luas sumber belajar merupakan pengalaman hidup yang bersifat empirik, rasional dan spiritual. Pengalaman hidup empirik didapat dari insteraksi seseorang dengan lingkungan material dan sosial, dan yang rasional dari  melalui premis-premis yang dapat dipikirkan secara logis; sedangkan yang spiritual merupakan emanasi dari wujud wajib melalui akal aktif kepada Akal Mustafad. Akal yang beroperasi pada level supra mental ini memancarkan pengetahuan  yang berupa bentuk tertentu kepada seseorang, karena ada kecenderungan jiwa manusia yang suci berhubungan dengan akal ini. Siapapun yang dapat berhubungan dan berkomunikasi dengan akal  ini, maka ia akan mengenal atau mengetahui hakikat dari sesuatu.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PENDIDIKAN (PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS)
Authors: Thobroni Ahmad Yusam
Published: March 2017

Pengelolaan lingkungan harus berpijak pada prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai al-Quran, yaitu: seluruh alam raya beserta isinya adalah milik Tuhan dan ciptaan-Nya; seluruh isi alam diperuntukkan bagi manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya;  alam ini ditundukkan agar dapat dikelola oleh manusia; manusia dititipi amanah oleh Tuhan untuk mengelola lingkungan; sebagai khalifah, manusia bertugas mengantarkan lingkungan untuk mencapai tujuan penciptaannya; pemborosan harus dicegah; kerusakan lingkungan adalah akibat perbuatan manusia, dan oleh karena itu manusia harus bertanggungjawab di dunia dan di akhirat; dan kasih sayang manusia kepada seluruh makhluk bermakna menghargai seluruh makhluk dan memperlakukannya dengan baik. Untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai kesadaran lingkungan berdasarkan spiritualitas Islam tersebut perlu diupayakan melalui proses pendidikan yang sistematis dan sinergis dengan memberikan perhatian khusus berupa pembentukan kurikulum pendidikan yang bernuansa kesadaran pelestarian lingkungan bagi subjek didik sejak dini. Dengan upaya ini diharapkan terwujudnya kelestarian lingkungan hidup yang semakin nyata dan membawa kepada kesejahteraan umat manusia.
SIGNIFAKANSI MAQAMAT DAN AMALAN PADA PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DALAM PERUBAHAN TINGKAH LAKU MANUSIA
Authors: Mihmidaty Mihmidaty
Published: March 2017

Masyarakat dewasa ini cenderung mengikuti gaya hidup materialistic hedonistic. Pada umumnya kontak antar manusia atas dasar prinsip-prinsip fungsional, pragmatis, materialis. Manusia yang seperti itu ternyata tidak bahagia dan diliputi kegelisahan, sehingga terjadi kekeringan spiritual. Oleh karena itu sebagian manusia kembali kepada nilai-nilai keagamaan, cenderung ke arah spiritualisme. Pendidikan tasawuf merupakan alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Pendidiknya adalah seorang guru yang ma’rifat (mengenal rahasia Ketuhanan) yang diberi kemampuan oleh Allah SWT untuk membimbing jiwa menuju pada kedekatan dengan Allah SWT dan mencapai kebahagiaan yang hakiki, melalui ajaran maqamat dan amalan-amalan tertentu secara disiplin, sehingga dapat menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku. 
Effect of Light Quality, Sucrose and Trehalose on In Vitro Organogenesis of Cymbidium devonianum (Lindl.)
Authors: HAQUE Syed M. , NAHAR Syeda J. , KAZUHIKO Shimasaki
Published: March 2017

The present study investigated the effect of sucrose, trehalose and combination of sucrose and trehalose with modified MS medium on in vitro regulation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Cymbidium devonianum under different quality of lights (white fluorescent tube, green, red and blue LED). As a result of this study, new PLB and shoots were successfully regenerated on modified MS medium under different quality of lights. The highest PLB formation rate (100%) and the highest shoot formation rate (85%) were observed amongst explants cultured on medium supplemented with 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. The maximum fresh weight of PLBs, the highest average number of PLBs and shoots were recorded on medium containing 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. For plant tissue culture, sucrose is considered an indisputably important carbon and energy source and biosynthesis of trehalose is similar to that of sucrose. The hereby study concluded that the contribution of LED lights, sucrose and trehalose (combined) can induce PLB and shoot formation of Cymbidium devonianum tissue culture without the use of any other plant growth regulator, whereas the green light showed the best formation rate compare with the other studied qualities of lights.
Chemical Composition of Mentha spicata L. subsp. tomentosa and M. pulegium L., and their Antimicrobial Activity on Strong Pathogen Microorganisms
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , YAMANER Çiğdem , KURTOĞLU Cemal , TİN Betül
Published: March 2017

Mentha L., recognized as a medical and aromatic plant, is a general name affiliated to mint species and belongs to Labiatae family. Some species are used as fresh vegetables in the Turkish kitchen and they can also be used in salads. In addition, some species have been used as a spice in food. In this study, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity towards some pathogenics (gram + and gram -) microorganisms of the essential oils Mentha spicata L. subsp. tomentosa (Briq.) Harley, Mentha pulegium L. grown under West Anatolian ecological conditions were investigated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterecoccus faecium DSM 13590, Escherichia coli Q157:H7 and Bacillus cereus CCM99.  As a result, M. pulegium and M. spicata subsp. tomentosa were found to be rich in piperitenone oxide: 72.77% and 28.84%, respectively. Each of the oils was found to possess antimicrobial properties against test microorganisms. Essential oils obtained from Mentha species give positive effect on all microorganisms.
AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF BANANA PLANTS IN THREE PRODUCTION CYCLES IN SOUTHWESTERN STATE OF BAHIA
Authors: ARANTES ALESSANDRO DE MAGALHÃES , DONATO SÉRGIO LUIZ RODRIGUES , SILVA TÂNIA SANTOS , RODRIGUES FILHO VAGNER ALVES , AMORIM EDSON PERITO
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT This assay was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal Institute of Bahia, Campus Guanambi, BA, and aimed to evaluate agronomic traits of Prata, Cavendish, Gros Michel and Maçã banana cultivars three production cycles. The 72 treatments, 24 cultivars and three production cycles were arranged in a split plot scheme in time, in a completely randomized design with five replications and four plants per plot. Plots were arranged in 24 cultivars, Prata-Anã, Maravilha, FHIA-18, FHIA-18 BRS, BRS Platina, JV42-135, Pacovan, Japira, PV79-34, Pacovan-Ken, Preciosa, Guarantida, Maçã, Caipira, BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, YB42-03, YB42-07, YB42-47, Grande-Naine, Calypso, Buccaneiro, FHIA-23 and FHIA-17; and subplots consisted of three production cycles. Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance. The average of the cultivars were grouped by Scott-Knott criterion (p<0.05) and production cycles compared by Tukey test (p<0.05). ‘JV42-235’, ‘Japira’ and ‘Pacovan-Ken’ cultivars had larger size and ‘Grande Naine’ had smaller size. ‘Prata-Anã’ cultivar had higher number of leaves at harvest, with leaf area index similar to the others. ‘BRS Platina’ cultivar is earlier at flowering and harvest. ‘Maravilha’, ‘BRS Platina’, ‘FHIA-23’, ‘BRS Tropical and BRS Princesa’ cultivars presented greater potential for use by farmers.