bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decadal Change in Soil Moisture Over East Asia in Response to a Decade‐Long Warming Hiatus
Authors: Kong X. , Guan X. , Cao C. , Zhang T. , Shen L. , Gan Z. , Ma J. , Huang H.
Published: July 2019

East Asia has experienced long‐term warming and drying in the twentieth century. However, a phenomenon known as the “warming hiatus” changed the trend of enhanced soil drying over East Asia. In contrast to the previous long‐term drying in the last century, time series of soil moisture showed a shift from a downtrend to uptrend around 2005, and prominent wetting was located in the northeast (semiarid and dry subhumid regions) and southeast of China (extreme humid regions). Our results illustrated that such abrupt change in soil moisture was closely related to the change of warming during hiatus. The warming hiatus played a more important role in decadal soil wetting over these semiarid and dry subhumid regions, compared to relatively limited influence of surface atmosphere temperature over humid regions. The weakened drying during the hiatus decade suggests that the response of wetting/drying to climate in drylands is closely related to decadal surface atmosphere temperature, which will deepen our understanding of the mechanism on the role of surface atmosphere temperature in the process of wetting/drying in drylands over different time scales.
Midlatitude Temperature Variations in the Oligocene to Early Miocene
Authors: Guitián José , Phelps Samuel , Polissar Pratigya J. , Ausín Blanca , Eglinton Timothy I. , Stoll Heather M.
Published: July 2019

Antarctic ice sheet margin extent and the sensitivity of benthic δ18O to orbital forcing have varied on million‐year timescales during the Oligocene to Early Miocene. However, few sea surface temperature (SST) records for this time interval exist to evaluate links between polar processes and mean temperature outside polar regions. Here, we present a new record of SST for the time interval 30 to 17 Ma derived from the long‐chain alkenone unsaturation ratio (
) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1406A in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Results confirm that warm temperatures from 24°C to over 30°C prevailed in midlatitudes in this time and suggest a transition from colder early‐middle Oligocene to warmer average conditions after 24.5 Ma. The global significance of this transition is highlighted by the coincidence with changes in the dominance from marine‐ to terrestrial‐terminating ice sheets in the Ross Sea around Antarctica. The longest continuous section of the record (20.6 to 26.6 Ma) contains multiple 2 million‐year cycles in SST, potentially paced by long obliquity modulation. Complex and temporally varying relationships are observed between North Atlantic SST and benthic δ18O in paired samples; significant covariation is only observed around the Oligocene‐Miocene transition, coincident with a lower average marine ice extent. These North Atlantic
temperature records provide a new context in which to examine the stability of climate and the Antarctic ice sheet during the Oligocene and early Miocene.
Luminescence as a Sediment Tracer and Provenance Tool
Authors: Gray Harrison J. , Jain Mayank , Sawakuchi Andre O. , Mahan Shannon A. , Tucker Gregory E.
Published: July 2019

Luminescence holds unique potential as a sediment tracer and provenance method. The tracer application of luminescence has key advantages including ease of measurement, relatively low cost, and applicability to geologically ubiquitous quartz and feldspar sand and silt. These advantages can help answer fundamental questions about geomorphology, sediment transport, sediment production, and the tectonic/climatic controls on source‐to‐sink sedimentary systems. There is a notable body of research on luminescence as a sediment tracer. These tracer methods range from identifying source locations based on unique luminescence characteristics, to observing changes in luminescence characteristics with transport, to using residual luminescence to infer rates of transport. Previous applications of luminescence include provenance and quantification of fluvial transport rate, tracing of coastal longshore drift, estimations of mixing rates in soil or sediment, and provenance of wind‐blown deposits. The few studies that compare luminescence methods with nonluminescence tracer methods show good agreement. However, more work is needed to test the application of luminescence tracers in sediments. Future research directions should focus on comparing luminescence‐based with nonluminescence tracer methods. Furthermore, research is needed on the effects of specific geomorphic processes on luminescence characteristics and residual doses. While there is significant potential for future research, luminescence is already a useful sediment tracer and provenance tool applicable to a wide range of geomorphic environments.
Back to Normal: Direct Evidence of the Cretan Detachment as a North‐Directed Normal Fault During the Miocene
Authors: Grasemann B. , Schneider D. A. , Rogowitz A.
Published: July 2019

The Cretan Detachment represents a major tectonic contact between an Alpine high‐pressure Lower Nappe System in the footwall and an Alpine unmetamorphosed Upper Nappe System in the hanging wall. Interestingly, the kinematics and the tectonic nature of this contact is still highly controversial and has been interpreted either as a top‐to‐the S thrust or as a normal fault with top‐to‐the N and/or top‐to‐the S displacement sense. Whereas some models suggest exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks synchronous with out‐of‐sequence thrusting or Himalayan‐type extrusion tectonics, other models propose that Crete represents a metamorphic core complex that exhumed below the extensional Cretan Detachment. In this work, we show that the Cretan Detachment in eastern Crete is an up to 100‐m‐thick cataclastic low‐angle fault zone, which localized below the Tripolitza Unit (Upper Nappe System) within the upper part of the Upper Violet Slates (top of Lower Nappe System) cutting downsection to lower structural levels. The unequivocal kinematic indicators in this fault zone clearly suggest a top‐to‐the N displacement of the hanging wall. New low‐temperature geochronological data and numerical modeling suggest rapid cooling of the rocks in the footwall of the Cretan Detachment at circa 15 Ma. Top‐to‐the S ductile shear sense toward lower structural level in the Lower Nappe System support the idea that the Cretan Detachment facilitated the exhumation of the high‐pressure rocks in an extrusion tectonic setting. Therefore, in the early to middle Miocene, subduction‐related extrusion in Crete was simultaneously active with back‐arc extension‐related metamorphic core formation in the Cyclades.
Correction: The genomic basis of mood instability: identification of 46 loci in 363,705 UK Biobank participants, genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, and association with gene expression and function
Authors: Ward Joey , Tunbridge Elizabeth M. , Sandor Cynthia , Lyall Laura M. , Ferguson Amy , Strawbridge Rona J. , Lyall Donald M. , Cullen Breda , Graham Nicholas , Johnston Keira J. A. , Webber Caleb , Escott-Price Valentina , O’Donovan Michael , Pell Jill P. , Bailey Mark E. S. , Harrison Paul J. , Smith Daniel J.
Published: July 2019

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Country-wide medical records infer increased allergy risk of gastric acid inhibition
Authors: Jordakieva Galateja , Kundi Michael , Untersmayr Eva , Pali-Schöll Isabella , Reichardt Berthold , Jensen-Jarolim Erika
Published: July 2019

Gastric acid suppression promotes allergy in mechanistic animal experiments and observational human studies, but whether gastric acid inhibitors increase allergy incidence at a population level remains uncharacterized. Here we aim to assess the use of anti-allergic medication following prescription of gastric acid inhibitors. We analyze data from health insurance records covering 97% of Austrian population between 2009 and 2013 on prescriptions of gastric acid inhibitors, anti-allergic drugs, or other commonly prescribed (lipid-modifying and antihypertensive) drugs as controls. Here we show that rate ratios for anti-allergic following gastric acid-inhibiting drug prescriptions are 1.96 (95%CI:1.95–1.97) and 3.07 (95%-CI:2.89–3.27) in an overall and regional Austrian dataset. These findings are more prominent in women and occur for all assessed gastric acid-inhibiting substances. Rate ratios increase from 1.47 (95%CI:1.45–1.49) in subjects <20 years, to 5.20 (95%-CI:5.15–5.25) in > 60 year olds. We report an epidemiologic relationship between gastric acid-suppression and development of allergic symptoms.
Single-molecule localization microscopy and tracking with red-shifted states of conventional BODIPY conjugates in living cells
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Moscatelli Joe , Smith Elizabeth M. , Banerjee Chiranjib , Puchner Elias M.
Published: July 2019

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a rapidly evolving technique to resolve subcellular structures and single-molecule dynamics at the nanoscale. Here, we employ conventional BODIPY conjugates for live-cell SMLM via their previously reported red-shifted ground-state dimers (DII), which transiently form through bi-molecular encounters and emit bright single-molecule fluorescence. We employ the versatility of DII-state SMLM to resolve the nanoscopic spatial regulation and dynamics of single fatty acid analogs (FAas) and lipid droplets (LDs) in living yeast and mammalian cells with two colors. In fed cells, FAas localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs of ~125 nm diameter. Upon fasting, however, FAas form dense, non-LD clusters of ~100 nm diameter at the plasma membrane and transition from free diffusion to confined immobilization. Our reported SMLM capability of conventional BODIPY conjugates is further demonstrated by imaging lysosomes in mammalian cells and enables simple and versatile live-cell imaging of sub-cellular structures at the nanoscale.
Ultrasonic super-oscillation wave-packets with an acoustic meta-lens
Authors: Shen Ya-Xi , Peng Yu-Gui , Cai Feiyan , Huang Kun , Zhao De-Gang , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zheng Hairong , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: July 2019

The Schrödinger equation is a fundamental equation to describe the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system. The similar forms between the Schrödinger equation and the paraxial wave equation allow a paradigm shift from the quantum mechanics to classical fields, opening up a plethora of interesting phenomena including the optical super-oscillatory behavior. Here, we propose an ultrasonic meta-lens for generating super-oscillation acoustic wave-packets with different spatial momenta and then superimposing them to a diffraction-limit-broken spot, visually represented by the ring-shaped trapping of tiny particles. Moreover, based on the focused super-oscillation packets, we experimentally verify proof-of-concept super-resolution ultrasound imaging, opening up the arena of super-oscillation ultrasonics for advanced acoustic imaging, biomedical applications, and versatile far-field ultrasound control.
Genetic basis of functional variability in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors
Authors: Knierim Alexander Bernd , Röthe Juliane , Çakir Mehmet Volkan , Lede Vera , Wilde Caroline , Liebscher Ines , Thor Doreen , Schöneberg Torsten
Published: July 2019

The enormous sizes of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) go along with complex genomic exon-intron architectures giving rise to multiple mRNA variants. There is a need for a comprehensive catalog of aGPCR variants for proper evaluation of the complex functions of aGPCRs found in structural,in vitroand animal model studies. We used an established bioinformatics pipeline to extract, quantify and visualize mRNA variants of aGPCRs from deeply sequenced transcriptomes. Data analysis showed that aGPCRs have multiple transcription start sites even within introns and that tissue-specific splicing is frequent. On average, 19 significantly expressed transcript variants are derived from a given aGPCR gene. The domain architecture of the N terminus encoded by transcript variants often differs and N termini without or with an incomplete seven-helix transmembrane anchor as well as separate seven-helix transmembrane domains are frequently derived from aGPCR genes. Experimental analyses of selected aGPCR transcript variants revealed marked functional differences. Our analysis has an impact on a rational design of aGPCR constructs for structural analyses and gene-deficient mouse lines and provides new support for independent functions of both, the large N terminus and the transmembrane domain of aGPCRs.
Minimally invasive gas embolization using acoustic droplet vaporization in a rodent model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harmon Jennifer N. , Kabinejadian Foad , Seda Robinson , Fabiilli Mario L. , Kuruvilla Sibu , Kuo Cathleen C. , Greve Joan M. , Fowlkes J. Brian , Bull Joseph L.
Published: July 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients are not eligible for curative therapies, such as surgical resection of the tumor or a liver transplant. Transarterial embolization is one therapy clinically used in these cases; however, this requires a long procedure and careful placement of an intraarterial catheter. Gas embolization has been proposed as a fast, easily administered, more spatially selective, and less invasive alternative. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using acoustic droplet vaporization to noninvasively generate gas emboli within vasculature. Intravital microscopy experiments were performed using the rat cremaster muscle to visually observe the formation of occlusions. Large gas emboli were produced within the vasculature in the rat cremaster, effectively occluding blood flow. Following these experiments, the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolization was investigated in an ectopic xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. The treatment group exhibited a significantly lower final tumor volume (ANOVA, p = 0.008) and growth rate than control groups – tumor growth was completely halted. Additionally, treated tumors exhibited significant necrosis as determined by histological analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of gas embolotherapy in a tumor model.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine Marks Mammalian Origins Acting as a Barrier to Replication
Authors: Prikrylova Terezia , Robertson Julia , Ferrucci Francesca , Konorska Dorota , Aanes Håvard , Manaf Adeel , Zhang Beibei , Vågbø Cathrine Broberg , Kuśnierczyk Anna , Gilljam Karin M. , Løvkvam-Køster Caroline , Otterlei Marit , Dahl John Arne , Enserink Jorrit , Klungland Arne , Robertson Adam B.
Published: July 2019

In most mammalian cells, DNA replication occurs once, and only once between cell divisions. Replication initiation is a highly regulated process with redundant mechanisms that prevent errant initiation events. In lower eukaryotes, replication is initiated from a defined consensus sequence, whereas a consensus sequence delineating mammalian origin of replication has not been identified. Here we show that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is present at mammalian replication origins. Our data support the hypothesis that 5hmC has a role in cell cycle regulation. We show that 5hmC level is inversely proportional to proliferation; indeed, 5hmC negatively influences cell division by increasing the time a cell resides in G1. Our data suggest that 5hmC recruits replication-licensing factors, then is removed prior to or during origin firing. Later we propose that TET2, the enzyme catalyzing 5mC to 5hmC conversion, acts as barrier to rereplication. In a broader context, our results significantly advance the understating of 5hmC involvement in cell proliferation and disease states.
A novel colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for targeted detection of hypochlorous acid based on HClO-mediated anthracene-hydrazone to anthracene-triazole transformation
Authors: Jiang Chen , Yao Yuewei , Kong Chuilian , Du Jiaqi , Meng Jingjing , Yao Cheng
Published: July 2019

An anthracene-based fluorescence probe B-ClO that exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity for colorimetric and ratiometric detection of ClO− in 80% aqueous DMF solution has been designed and developed.
Improved measurement of the calorific value of pulverized coal particle flow by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Li Wenbing , Dong Meirong , Lu Shengzi , Li Shishi , Wei Liping , Huang Jianwei , Lu Jidong
Published: July 2019

The real-time quantitative analysis of the calorific value of pulverized coal particle flow is important for the efficient and clean combustion of coal.
Azido-galactose outperforms azido-mannose for metabolic labeling and targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hua , Liu Yang , Xu Ming , Cheng Jianjun
Published: July 2019

Azido-galactose can metabolically label liver cancer cells with azido groups, for subsequent targeted delivery of therapeutics via efficient Click chemistry.
Investigation of the temperature-dependent behaviours of Li metal anode
Authors: Guo Yanpeng , Li Dian , Xiong Rundi , Li Huiqiao
Published: July 2019

Effects of temperature on Li nucleation/deposition behaviors and electro-chemical performances are thoroughly investigated in both ether and ester electrolytes.
Photoelectrochemical cell for P–H/C–H cross-coupling with hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Jing-Hao , Li Xu-Bing , Li Jian , Lei Tao , Wu Hao-Lin , Nan Xiao-Lei , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu
Published: July 2019

A photoelectrochemical cell is able to save nearly 90% external bias input to realize activation of P–H/C–H bonds for cross-coupling hydrogen evolution as compared with an electrochemical cell.
Molecular dynamics simulation of frictional properties of Couette flow with striped superhydrophobic surfaces under different loads
Authors: Hu Chengzhi , Tang Dawei , Lv Jizu , Bai Minli , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2019

There was a critical load (Pcrit), such that the friction-reduction of superhydrophobic surfaces appeared only when the load <Pcrit.
What a difference a methyl group makes – probing choline–urea molecular interactions through urea structure modification
Authors: Silva Liliana P. , Araújo Catarina F. , Abranches Dinis O. , Melle-Franco Manuel , Martins Mónia A. R. , Nolasco Mariela M. , Ribeiro-Claro Paulo J. A. , Pinho Simão P. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: July 2019

There is a lack of fundamental knowledge on deep eutectic solvents, even for the most extensively studied mixtures, such as the mixture of cholinium chloride and urea, which prevents a judicious choice of components to prepare new solvents.
Mo-Based crystal POMOFs with a high electrochemical capacitor performance
Authors: Chai Dongfeng , Xin Jianjiao , Li Bonan , Pang Haijun , Ma Huiyuan , Li Kunqi , Xiao Boxin , Wang Xinming , Tan Lichao
Published: July 2019

The capacitor performance of newly synthesized crystalline POMOFs was higher than those of the majority of reported POMOF-, state-of-the-art MOF- and POM-based materials.
Assessing the sustainability of on-site sanitation systems using multi-criteria analysis
Authors: Vidal Brenda , Hedström Annelie , Barraud Sylvie , Kärrman Erik , Herrmann Inga
Published: July 2019

Integrated approach to assess the sustainability of on-site sanitation systems.
Engineering the crystallization behavior of an organic compound mixed with polymers using hidden liquid phase domains
Authors: Kangovi Gagan N. , Lee Sangwoo
Published: July 2019

The crystallization behavior of pyrene mixed with polystyrene, poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) or poly(2-vinylpyridine) is investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique to understand the effects of polymers on the crystallization of organic compounds.
Comparison of organic and inorganic layers for structural templating of pentacene thin films
Authors: Kim Dong Kuk , Lubert-Perquel Daphné , Heutz Sandrine
Published: July 2019

Effective control over the molecular orientation of pentacene was achieved with copper(i) iodide and results in a change in the functional properties with increases in both visible light absorption and work function.
One-pot growth of triangular SnS nanopyramids for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of tumors
Authors: Yang Dongliang , Chen Fei , He Shili , Shen Haifeng , Hu Yanling , Feng Ning , Wang Siyu , Weng Lixing , Luo Zhimin , Wang Lianhui
Published: July 2019

Triangular SnS nanopyramids act as an efficient theranostic nanoagent for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.
Design, screening and biological evaluation of novel fatty acid chain-modified oxyntomodulin-based derivatives with prolonged glucose-lowering ability and potent anti-obesity effects
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Baohua , Wang Limin , Zhao Xie , Chen Zhe , Sun Lixia
Published: July 2019

Schematic diagram of the discovery, design, screening and evaluation of a fully novel OXM derivative.
Synthesis, chain conformation and crystal structure of poly(norbornadiene) having repeating 3,5-enchained nortricyclene units
Authors: De Rosa Claudio , Malafronte Anna , Auriemma Finizia , Scoti Miriam , Di Girolamo Rocco , D'Alterio Massimo Christian , Ricci Giovanni , Zanchin Giorgia , Leone Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

When norbornadiene is polymerized with TiCl4/Et2AlCl catalytic system, a unique 3,5-poly(norbornadiene) is obtained. This new polymer is able to crystallize notwithstanding the presence of configurational disorder and packing disorder.
A selective route to aryl-triphosphiranes and their titanocene-induced fragmentation
Authors: Schumann André , Reiß Fabian , Jiao Haijun , Rabeah Jabor , Siewert Jan-Erik , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Hering-Junghans Christian
Published: July 2019

Using titanocene synthon [Cp2Ti(Me3SiC2SiMe3)] the selective conversion of aryl-substituted triphosphiranes P3Ar3 into Cp2TiP2Ar2 complexes was achieved.
Chaperone-like chiral cages for catalyzing enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization
Authors: Wang Yu , Sun Yibin , Shi Peichen , Sartin Matthew M. , Lin Xujing , Zhang Pei , Fang Hongxun , Peng Pixian , Tian Zhongqun , Cao Xiaoyu
Published: July 2019

Chiral organic cages can assist enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization through a catalyzed assembly (catassembly) strategy, like chaperones assist the assembly of biomolecules.
Investigation for achievable NCG of optical FEC coding with convolutional code using optical XOR gates based on four‐wave mixing in highly non‐linear fibre
Authors: Aikawa Yohei , Uenohara Hiroyuki
Published: July 2019

This study has given the investigation for achievable net coding gain (NCG) of optical forward error correction (FEC) coding scheme with convolutional code to control the received sensitivity following a required signal‐to‐noise ratio in the communication channel. The achievable NCG is obtained from the difference between the upper bound NCG and the power penalty of the optical exclusive‐OR (XOR) gate, which is based on a four‐wave mixing in highly non‐linear fibre. The upper bound NCG was analytically derived by calculating error probability of optimal convolutional code, and the power penalty was numerically derived by comparing bit‐error rates between with and without the optical FEC coding. To confirm the feasibility for achieving the highest NCG, the optimal operating condition of the optical XOR gate is experimentally evaluated to minimise their power penalty. A 0.5 dB power penalty was obtained at under the optimised condition with 223−1 pseudo‐random binary sequence differential phase‐shift keying‐modulated return to zero signal at 10 Gbps.
Reduction of high‐frequency injection losses, acoustic noise and total harmonic distortion in IPMSM sensorless drives
Authors: Alaei Ahmadreza , Saghaeian Nejad Sayed Morteza , Gieras Jacek F. , Lee Dong‐Hee , Ahn Jin‐Woo
Published: July 2019

In saliency‐based sensorless methods, the amplitude of the injected voltage cannot be reduced to levels below its specified value because of the reasonable signal required for the noise ratio. Increasing the injection signal amplitude increases not only the acoustic noise and high‐frequency (HF) losses, but also the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage and current ripples. A new pulsating semi‐impulse signal injection method based on the current sensing technique is proposed for the sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method aims to control the motor speed and reduce some problems due to the HF signal injection involving acoustic noise, HF losses and THD of the output voltage. Taking into account the premium injection angle, these problems are reduced significantly as compared to those in conventional square‐wave methods. Hence, the proposed method increases the sensorless driver efficiency and its application scope. The effectiveness of the proposed method is then confirmed with computer simulation and experimental tests. Experimental comparisons at the same injection frequency and injection effective voltage show that the performance of the proposed method is beneficial. All experiments were performed on a IPMSM with V‐shaped PMs which is used in a refrigerator compressor.
Evaluation of the VSD‐method for temperature estimation during power cycling of SiC‐MOSFETs
Authors: Hoffmann Felix , Kaminski Nando
Published: July 2019

An accurate temperature estimation is a substantial necessity to evaluate the outcome of a power cycling test. For devices with a forward biased pn‐junction in the main current path, there is a well‐known and understood method using its forward voltage drop at a small sensing current. Since metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) do not provide a pn‐junction in forward mode, this method cannot be applied directly. A similar method to estimate the junction temperature of a MOSFET is the VSD(T)‐method, which uses the junction of the reverse body diode. While this method is gaining wide acceptance for junction temperature estimation during power cycling of silicon carbide MOSFETs, no comprehensive investigation on its accuracy, stability and susceptibility towards degradational shift has been performed so far. In this work, the results of an investigation on the VSD(T)‐method with an evaluation of its precision and suitability for temperature estimation during power cycling tests of silicon carbide MOSFETs are presented.
Reduced‐order small signal modelling of high‐order high step‐up converters with clamp circuit and voltage multiplier cell
Authors: Hasanpour Sara , Baghramian Alfred , Mojallali Hamed
Published: July 2019

Generally, the modelling of high step‐up converters with a large number of passive components consisting of inductors, coupled‐inductors (CL) and capacitors is very complex. Recently, to further increase the voltage gain in high step‐up converters in a simple and low‐cost manner, voltage multiplier (VM) circuits have been increasingly used. Also, to reduce the switch voltage spike, clamp circuits are applied. This leads to an increase in the order of systems and operational modes as well. Thus, for simpler modelling and reducing the state variables, the use of reduced‐order techniques are required. A general structure for small signal modelling of such converters including passive clamp, CL and VM circuits is presented. For this purpose, an example of these types of converters is selected. At first, a full‐order model of this high‐order converter is derived using the state‐space averaging method. Then, two reduced‐order models of the converter are derived and then compared with the full‐order model. Also, the small signal and low frequency behaviour is evaluated. In addition, the impact of the parameter variations on the frequency response and stability margin is investigated. Finally, experimental results based on laboratory prototype are presented to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Analysis of the non‐linear behaviour of the magnetisation inductance during the frequency response test of a transformer
Authors: Herrera Portilla Wilder
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the analysis of the non‐linear behaviour of magnetisation inductance during a transformer frequency response test in open‐circuit configuration. For this work, frequency response measurements were made on a three‐phase transformer and a transformer model was used to simulate the response curve and to estimate the magnetisation inductance curve as a function of frequency. It was observed that the magnetisation inductance increases with increase of the test voltage. Also observed was an initial decrease at a very low frequency of the magnetisation inductance, caused by the displacement of the work point by the first elbow of the magnetisation curve. Additionally, the magnetisation inductance acquires a linear behaviour when the input small signal is sufficiently low. Finally, it was observed that the remanent magnetisation level in the core reduces the value of the magnetisation inductance.
Gridless DOA estimation based on multivariate function genetic optimisation
Authors: Pan Meihong , Zhang Gong
Published: July 2019

Inspired by the optimisation process of multivariate function, a novel gridless direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method based on multivariate function genetic optimisation is proposed. The multivariate function is modelled as the difference between the estimated signal and the observed receiving data. The angles to be estimated are the variables of this function. The variables are calculated by minimising the multivariate function with the help of the genetic algorithm. The proposed algorithm can be seen as the gridless pathway to the traditional on‐grid sparse reconstruction algorithm. This algorithm does not need to mesh the space into the discrete grid, so it can reduce the estimation accuracy caused by grid mismatch. Simulation results finally demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of DOA estimation precision and computational efficiency over the grid‐based sparse reconstruction algorithm.
X-ray spectral and eclipsing model of the clumpy obscurer in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Buchner Johannes , Brightman Murray , Nandra Kirpal , Nikutta Robert , Bauer Franz E.
Published: July 2019

We present a unification model for a clumpy obscurer in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and investigate the properties of the resulting X-ray spectrum. Our model is constructed to reproduce the column density distribution of the AGN population and cloud eclipse events in terms of their angular sizes and frequency. We developed and released a generalised Monte Carlo X-ray radiative transfer code, XARS, to compute X-ray spectra of obscurer models. The geometry results in strong Compton scattering, causing soft photons to escape also along Compton-thick sight lines. This makes our model spectra very similar to our TORUS previous model. However, only if we introduce an additional Compton-thick reflector near the corona, we achieve good fits to NuSTAR spectra. This additional component in our model can be interpreted as part of the dust-free broad-line region, an inner wall or rim, or a warped disk. It cannot be attributed to a simple disk because the reflector must simultaneously block the line of sight to the corona and reflect its radiation. We release our model as an Xspec table model and present corresponding CLUMPY infrared spectra, paving the way for self-consistent multi-wavelength analyses.
Pyrolytic carbon: applications of its diamagnetism in metrology
Authors: Pinot Patrick , Silvestri Zaccaria
Published: July 2019

This paper presents some current or potential applications in metrology based on the diamagnetism of pyrolytic carbon (PyC). The magnetic repulsion force acting between a piece of PyC subjected to a magnetic flux can be used as magnetic spring either to control the position of the sensitive sensor element or to detect changes of a physical quantity to be measured. The first part of this paper provides examples briefly described of devices based on the diamagnetism of PyC for measuring mechanical quantities. There are two main configurations for magnetic levitation: one, used for measuring acceleration or inclination for instance, is based on the levitation of a PyC tile above a magnet or set of magnets; In the other, used to measure forces caused for example by contact or buoyancy, it is the permanent magnet that is levitated at a stable height above a fixed PyC tile. The second part describes current work at the Laboratoire Commun de Métrologie (LCM-LNE/CNAM) on the development of new laser power sensors using either diamagnetic force changes by photothermal excitation of electrons or diamagnetic torsion spring.
New record ofTrichodina unionis(Ciliophora, Trichodinidae) from freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Wiroonpan Pichit , Purivirojkul Watchariya
Published: July 2019

Trichodinids, which are ciliate protists, are causative agents of an aquatic animal disease, trichodiniasis, especially among both captive and wild fish. This disease can adversely affect aquaculture and have economic impacts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and mean intensity ofTrichodina unionisinfection, describe qualitative and quantitative morphological characters, and perform a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The gastropod samples were randomly collected by hand-picking and a hand net.Trichodina unioniswas collected by the crushing method under a stereomicroscope. Among all 4977 examined gastropods, 55 individuals of two gastropod species,Gyraulus siamensisandPhysella acuta, were found to be infected byT. unionis, with overall prevalence and mean intensity of infection of 1.11% and 16.65, respectively. The characteristics of the denticles indicatedT. unionisas having moderately wide blades and moderately curved blade margins, with distinctive bend angles near the distal end. The quantitative characters showed some variations, which could be due to food availability. Molecular phylogenetic analysis conducted with 18S rRNA provided a monophyletic tree of our specimens and previously identifiedT. unionis, confirming species identification. This study represents the first record ofT. unionisin Thailand.
Jours sans fin, la jouissance anorexique
Authors: Votadoro Pablo
Published: July 2019

C’est à partir des difficultés rencontrées lors de la prise en charge thérapeutique des troubles du comportement alimentaire, qu’apparait l’intérêt de la notion de Jouissance. En considérant la part active du symptôme, celle qui donne l’impression d’une dépendance au comportement, d’une accroche à la maladie, que l’on tombe sur un des principaux déterminants. La jouissance anorexique pourrait se révéler un concept heuristique pour saisir cette part de satisfaction que le sujet peut éprouver dans son symptôme. En effet, la jouissance se définit par ce qui échappe aux conceptions sexuelles, ou même, aux logiques du plaisir. Ce qui débouche sur une zone corporelle, expérimentale, hétérogène au langage, déterminée par la recherche d’excitation, la transgression, la violence, jusqu’à la déliaison psychique, que Jacques Lacan repère dans les élaborations freudiennes comme lieu de subversion de la loi. C’est d’ailleurs en considérant l’expérience mystique en tant que ce qui échappe à l’organisation génitale, qu’il définit la «jouissance féminine» comme sa principale caractéristique. Au fond, cette ouverture débouche sur un originaire, à partir duquel les symptômes alimentaires révèlent leur économie intersubjective en rapport à une demande d’amour.
Anorexie mentale, grossesse et maternité : le corps enfantant
Authors: Letranchant Aurélie
Published: July 2019

Tout au long de la vie, le corps de la femme est amené à grandir, vieillir, se modifier, se transformer. Ces moments de modifications corporelles, comme le représentent l’avènement pubertaire ou encore la grossesse, peuvent être pour les femmes des phases de grands bouleversements, à la fois somatique et psychique. La question des liens étroits entre corps et psyché prend un sens particulier lorsque l’on étudie la psychopathologie des patientes souffrant d’anorexie mentale, et notamment lorsque celles-ci sont enceintes et viennent enfanter. Nous proposons dans cet article de décrire la place du corps dans l’anorexie mentale, à la fois dans sa réalité effective et également dans les représentations dont il fait l’objet. Nous choisissons ensuite de détailler l’expérience de la maternité chez les femmes enceintes souffrant d’anorexie mentale avec un investissement narcissique marqué. Puis, nous nous interrogerons sur le vécu, les éprouvés, les fantasmes de ces patientes face à la métamorphose corporelle de la grossesse.
Anorexie masculine à l’adolescence : intégration des variations de la bisexualité psychique
Authors: Sulimovic Leslie , Votadoro Pablo
Published: July 2019

Les débats de société envahissants dans les suites de «l’affaire Weinstein» ont permis de réinterroger les places et positions des hommes et femmes dans la société. Si certains en ont pointé un changement radical pouvant faire basculer les rapports entre les sexes, il pourrait s’agir de réactualisations de la capacité à pouvoir naviguer de façon fluide entre le masculin et le féminin psychique, c’est-à-dire composer avec la bisexualité psychique pour pouvoir assumer son propre sexe. L’émergence de troubles psychiatriques, tout particulièrement à l’adolescence, connaît des déterminants sociaux, qui dans le cas de l’anorexie mentale masculine se particularisent par l’entrave à cette navigation interne, ayant pour résultats des conflits psychiques touchant aux identifications sexuelles. Chez le garçon souffrant d’anorexie mentale, l’homosexualité est plus fréquente que dans la population générale. Nous avons souhaité dans cet article mettre en lumière les rapports entre l’anorexie mentale masculine et l’homosexualité, à partir des dialogues internes qui président à l’aménagement de la bisexualité psychique. Pour cela, nous avons pris pour étude le film Blood Brothers, de Robert Mulligan sorti en 1987, qui sur fond d’anorexie cherche à montrer les difficultés adolescentes à intégrer ces différentes composantes.
Pflegediagnose: Geringe Selbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Weißkerber Maria
Published: July 2019

Um eine gute pflegerische Behandlungsqualität sicherstellen zu können, arbeiten
forensische Pflegekräfte mit Pflegediagnosen, die in Form von Pflegeplanungen
dargestellt werden. Mit diesem Pflegeklassifikationssystem werden sie ihrer
wachsenden Verantwortung bei der Behandlung forensischer Patienten gerecht.
Welche spezielle Rolle die Pflegediagnose „geringes Selbstwirksamkeitserleben“
im forensischen Behandlungsprozess spielt, schildert unsere Autorin.
TimeSlips und Biografiearbeit: Mehr Lebensqualität bei
Demenz
Authors: Weiss Simone
Published: July 2019

Seit vier Jahren wird im Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum in Braunschweig das Projekt
„TimeSlips“ angeboten. Anhand von Gemälden und den offenen Fragen
einer Moderatorin wird die Fantasie von Menschen mit demenzieller
Beeinträchtigung angeregt. Zu dem Gemälde denken sie sich gemeinsam Geschichten
aus. Unsere Autorin – zugleich die Moderatorin und Leiterin des Museumsprojekts
– erklärt, wie die „aufgeweckten Kunstgeschichten“ entstehen.
Vergleich der Langzeitergebnisse bei Small Incision Refractive Lenticule Extraction (ReLEx SMILE) und Femto-LASIK
Authors: Breyer Detlev R. H. , Beckers Lena , Hagen Philipp , Kaymak Hakan , Klabe Karsten , Auffarth Gerd Uwe , Kretz Florian Tobias Alwin
Published: July 2019

Zielsetzung Ziel dieser retrospektiven Analyse war es, im 5-Jahres-Verlauf die ReLEx-SMILE-Methode und die femtosekundenlaserassistierte LASIK (FsLASIK, Femto-LASIK) in Bezug auf Sicherheit, Effektivität, Stabilität und intraoperative Komplikationen umfassend zu vergleichen. Bisherige Vergleichsstudien beschränken sich auf maximal 3 Jahre, sodass unsere Ergebnisse erstmalig längerfristige Daten zeigen.

Material/Methoden Es wurden 404 Augen nach FsLASIK (Mel 80, Carl Zeiss Meditec) und 1192 Augen nach ReLEx SMILE (VisuMax, Carl Zeiss Meditec) verglichen. Erhoben wurden die verwendeten Patientendaten 6 Monate, 1 Jahr, 2 Jahre, 3 Jahre und 5 Jahre nach refraktivem Eingriff.

Ergebnisse Fünf Jahre postoperativ zeigten beide Methoden vergleichbare Ergebnisse bei allen untersuchten Parametern. Innerhalb dieser 5 Jahre zeigte die ReLEx-SMILE-Methode hinsichtlich Sicherheit nach 6 Monaten, 1 Jahr und 2 Jahren signifikant bessere Visuswerte (p < 0,05). Auch der Verlauf des Fernvisus war nach der ReLEx-SMILE-Methode 1 Jahr, 2 Jahre und 3 Jahre postoperativ signifikant besser. Die Vorhersagbarkeit beider Methoden war gleichwertig und auch die intraoperativen Komplikationen fielen bei beiden Methoden gleich niedrig aus.

Zusammenfassung Die retrospektive Analyse unserer 5-Jahres-Ergebnisse zeigt, dass die ReLEx-SMILE-Methode und die FsLASIK mindestens ebenbürtig in Bezug auf die Sicherheit und Effektivität sowie Stabilität der Refraktionswerte sind. Aufgrund der hohen Patientenzufriedenheit, des hohen postoperativen Patientenkomforts und der naturgemäßen Abwesenheit von Flap-Komplikationen ist die ReLEx SMILE bei uns und unseren Patienten die Methode der Wahl, wenn es um einen refraktivchirurgischen Eingriff an der Hornhaut zur Korrektur von Myopie und myopem Astigmatismus geht.
Optimizing the Personalized, Risk-Adjusted Management of Pulmonary Embolism: An Integrated Clinical Trial Programme
Authors: Barco Stefano , Konstantinides Stavros V.
Published: July 2019

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) contributes significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. The severity of the acute PE event determines the expected estimated risk of early death. This risk is influenced by the degree of dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV), as assessed by the presence of acute RV pressure overload on imaging and/or elevated cardiac biomarkers, and by demographic and clinical factors, including relevant comorbidities. Haemodynamic instability and cardiogenic shock is at the top of the PE severity spectrum, as it represents the most extreme manifestation of RV failure and a key determinant of poor prognosis. Ideally, risk-adjusted treatment should implement: (1) optimized timing and regimens of reperfusion therapy for unstable patients; (2) early discharge and continuation of anticoagulation treatment at home (low-risk PE); or (3) hospital admission and clinical/haemodynamic monitoring in patients at intermediate risk. The challenge is now to provide the basis for a comprehensive personalized, risk-adjusted care for patients with acute PE. The aim of the integrated academic clinical trial programme of the Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis at the University of Mainz is to develop and prospectively validate, in multinational studies, strategies for reperfusion and anticoagulant treatment of acute PE across the entire spectrum of early risk as well as clinical pathways for post-PE patient care and follow-up.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in a General Obstetric Population: Clinical Impact on Pregnancy Outcome and Relationship with the M2 Haplotype in the Annexin A5 (ANXA5) Gene
Authors: Villani Michela , Colaizzo Donatella , Martinelli Pasquale , Cappucci Filomena , Fischetti Lucia , Maruotti Giuseppe M. , Intrieri Mariano , Greco Luigi , Chinni Elena , Tiscia Giovanni L. , Margaglione Maurizio , Grandone Elvira ,   on behalf of PRENACEL Study Group
Published: July 2019

Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are recognised risk factors for adverse obstetric outcomes. Recently, carriers of the M2 haplotype in the Annexin A5 gene have been shown to have a higher susceptibility to develop aPL antibodies. In a general obstetric population, we prospectively evaluated the possible relationship between: (1) aPL antibodies and M2 haplotype; and (2) aPL antibodies and/or M2 haplotype and obstetric outcomes. From a cohort of 3,097 consecutive pregnant women, 1,286 samples were analysed for the presence of both anti-cardiolipin and anti-human β2-glycoprotein I antibodies; samples with available DNA (n = 606) were also investigated for the M2 haplotype. Overall, 41/1,286 (3.2%) women showed the presence of aPL antibodies. Among them, 2 (4.8%) experienced a pregnancy loss and 38 (92.7%) gave birth to live-born babies (p-value = non-significant vs. those without aPL antibodies). M2 haplotype was identified in 140 (23.1%) out of 606 women with DNA available: 3/140 (2.1%) M2 carriers and 17/466 (3.6%) non-carriers tested positive for aPL antibodies, respectively (p-value = non-significant). In total, 15/150 (10%) M2 and/or aPL antibody carriers, and 38/445 (8.5%) non-aPL antibody and/or M2 carriers suffered from obstetric complications, respectively (p-value = non-significant). No relationship between aPL antibodies and M2 haplotype was found. Furthermore, neither aPL antibodies nor the M2 haplotype is associated with obstetric complications.
Physiopathological Aspects of Sellar Epidermoid Cyst Determining Endocrine Disturbances: A Case Report
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , Ferreira Nelson Pires , Barcellos Gabriel , Fruet Pablo
Published: July 2019

Epidermoid cysts (ECs) of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute benign circumscribed lesions that are more common in lateral than in midline sites. Epidermoid cysts of the CNS arise more frequently in the cerebellopontine angle, around the pons, near the sella, within the temporal lobe, in the diploe, and in the spinal canal. Most common tumoral lesion of sellar region is pituitary adenoma, and sellar cystic epithelial masses may be difficult to differentiate based only on clinical and imaging findings. Epidermoid cysts are covered by keratinized squamous epithelium and are usually filled with keratin lamellae. The process is, for the most part, maldevelopmental in origin, presumably arising from trapped surface ectodermal elements in association with the developing CNS during the closure of the neural groove or formation of the secondary cerebral vesicles. In the present study, the authors describe a case of sellar epidermoid cyst producing endocrine alterations and visual disturbance in a 35 years woman, and review the physiopathological and diagnostic criteria of this lesion.