bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory for artwork is predictable
Authors: Davis Trent M. , Bainbridge Wilma A.
Published: July 2023

Viewing art is often seen as a highly personal and subjective experience. However, are there universal factors that make a work of art memorable? We conducted three experiments, where we recorded online memory performance for 4,021 paintings from the Art Institute of Chicago, tested in-person memory after an unconstrained visit to the Art Institute, and obtained abstract attribute measures such as beauty and emotional valence for these pieces. Participants showed significant agreement in their memories both online and in-person, suggesting that pieces have an intrinsic “memorability” based solely on their visual properties that is predictive of memory in a naturalistic museum setting. Importantly, ResMem, a deep learning neural network designed to estimate image memorability, could significantly predict memory both online and in-person based on the images alone, and these predictions could not be explained by other low- or high-level attributes like color, content type, aesthetics, and emotion. A regression comprising ResMem and other stimulus factors could predict as much as half of the variance of in-person memory performance. Further, ResMem could predict the fame of a piece, despite having no cultural or historical knowledge. These results suggest that perceptual features of a painting play a major role in influencing its success, both in memory for a museum visit and in cultural memory over generations.
Phase separation and molecular ordering of the prion-like domain of the Arabidopsis thermosensory protein EARLY FLOWERING 3
Authors: Hutin Stephanie , Kumita Janet R. , Strotmann Vivien I. , Dolata Anika , Ling Wai Li , Louafi Nessim , Popov Anton , Milhiet Pierre-Emmanuel , Blackledge Martin , Nanao Max H. , Wigge Philip A. , Stahl Yvonne , Costa Luca , Tully Mark D. , Zubieta Chloe
Published: July 2023

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism enabling the dynamic compartmentalization of macromolecules, including complex polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids, and occurs as a function of the physicochemical environment. In the model plant,
Arabidopsis thaliana
, LLPS by the protein EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) occurs in a temperature-sensitive manner and controls thermoresponsive growth. ELF3 contains a largely unstructured prion-like domain (PrLD) that acts as a driver of LLPS in vivo and in vitro. The PrLD contains a poly-glutamine (polyQ) tract, whose length varies across natural Arabidopsis accessions. Here, we use a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and structural techniques to investigate the dilute and condensed phases of the ELF3 PrLD with varying polyQ lengths. We demonstrate that the dilute phase of the ELF3 PrLD forms a monodisperse higher-order oligomer that does not depend on the presence of the polyQ sequence. This species undergoes LLPS in a pH- and temperature-sensitive manner and the polyQ region of the protein tunes the initial stages of phase separation. The liquid phase rapidly undergoes aging and forms a hydrogel as shown by fluorescence and atomic force microscopies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the hydrogel assumes a semiordered structure as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These experiments demonstrate a rich structural landscape for a PrLD protein and provide a framework to describe the structural and biophysical properties of biomolecular condensates.
PBE-GGA predicts the B8↔B2 phase boundary of FeO at Earth’s core conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Sun Yang , Wentzcovitch Renata M.
Published: July 2023

FeO is a crucial component of the Earth’s core, and its thermodynamic properties are essential to developing more accurate core models. It is also a notorious correlated insulator in the NaCl-type (B1) phase at ambient conditions. It undergoes two polymorphic transitions at 300 K before it becomes metallic in the NiAs-type (B8) structure at ~100 GPa. Although its phase diagram is not fully mapped, it is well established that the B8 phase transforms to the CsCl-type (B2) phase at core pressures and temperatures. Here, we report a successful ab initio calculation of the B8↔B2 phase boundary in FeO at Earth’s core pressures. We show that fully anharmonic free energies computed with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof-generalized gradient approximation coupled with thermal electronic excitations reproduce the experimental phase boundary within uncertainties at
P
> 255 GPa, including the largely negative Clapeyron slope of –52 MPa/K. This study validates the applicability of a standard density functional theory functional to FeO under Earth’s core conditions and demonstrates the theoretical framework that enables complex predictive studies of this region.
Comprehensive tissue deconvolution of cell-free DNA by deep learning for disease diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Li Shuo , Zeng Weihua , Ni Xiaohui , Liu Qiao , Li Wenyuan , Stackpole Mary L. , Zhou Yonggang , Gower Arjan , Krysan Kostyantyn , Ahuja Preeti , Lu David S. , Raman Steven S. , Hsu William , Aberle Denise R. , Magyar Clara E. , French Samuel W. , Han Steven-Huy B. , Garon Edward B. , Agopian Vatche G. , Wong Wing Hung , Dubinett Steven M. , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine
Published: July 2023

Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a noninvasive biomarker for cell death of all organs. Deciphering the tissue origin of cfDNA can reveal abnormal cell death because of diseases, which has great clinical potential in disease detection and monitoring. Despite the great promise, the sensitive and accurate quantification of tissue-derived cfDNA remains challenging to existing methods due to the limited characterization of tissue methylation and the reliance on unsupervised methods. To fully exploit the clinical potential of tissue-derived cfDNA, here we present one of the
largest
comprehensive and high-resolution methylation atlas based on 521 noncancer tissue samples spanning 29 major types of human tissues. We systematically identified fragment-level tissue-specific methylation patterns and extensively validated them in orthogonal datasets. Based on the rich tissue methylation atlas, we develop the
first
supervised tissue deconvolution approach, a deep-learning-powered model,
cfSort
, for sensitive and accurate tissue deconvolution in cfDNA. On the benchmarking data,
cfSort
showed superior sensitivity and accuracy compared to the existing methods. We further demonstrated the clinical utilities of
cfSort
with two potential applications: aiding disease diagnosis and monitoring treatment side effects. The tissue-derived cfDNA fraction estimated from
cfSort
reflected the clinical outcomes of the patients. In summary, the tissue methylation atlas and
cfSort
enhanced the performance of tissue deconvolution in cfDNA, thus facilitating cfDNA-based disease detection and longitudinal treatment monitoring.
Localised surface modification of high-strength aluminium–alumina metal matrix composite coatings using cold spraying and friction stir processing
Authors: Jibran Wania , Wanjara Priti , Gholipour Baradari Javad , Ophelia Jarligo Maria , McDonald André
Published: July 2023

This study presents a novel approach for surface repairs of high-strength, cold-worked aluminium (Al) alloys, without negatively affecting the base material strength. Low-pressure cold spraying was used to fabricate Al–Al2O3 metal matrix composite overlays, with varying concentrations of Al2O3 deposited on an Al alloy. Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to disperse and consolidate the overlay coating on the base material. The FSP was found to improve the Al2O3 particle distribution in the coating and reduce the mean free path between Al2O3 particles. The coating hardness increased after FSP. The post-FSPed overlays also exhibited lower wear rates compared to the as-sprayed condition. Remarkable improvement was observed in the tensile properties of the coatings, which were attributed to the improved dispersion of Al2O3 particles in the matrix, while the enhanced ductility was attributed to the possible grain refinement that occurred due to the recrystallisation of Al during FSP.
Contribution of different strength determinants on distinct phases of Olympic rowing performance in adolescent athletes
Authors: Ledergerber Romina , Jacobs Mats Willem , Roth Ralf , Schumann Moritz
Published: July 2023

Aerobic metabolism dominates Olympic rowing, but research on the relative contribution of strength and power demands is limited. This study aimed to identify the contribution of different strength determinants for distinct phases of rowing ergometer performance. The cross‐sectional analysis comprised of 14 rowing athletes (4 female, 10 male, age: 18.8 ± 3.0y, 16.9 ± 2.2y). Measurements included anthropometrics, maximal strength of leg press, trunk extension and flexion, mid‐thigh pull (MTP) and handgrip strength, VO2max, and a 2000 m time trial, where peak forces at the start, middle and end phase were assessed. Additionally, rate of force development (RFD) was assessed during the isometric leg press and MTP with intervals of 150, 350 ms and 150, 300 ms, respectively. Stepwise regression models for ergometer performance showed that the start phase was mainly explained by maximal trunk extension and RFD 300 ms of MTP (R2 = 0.91, p < 0.001) and the middle section by VO2max, maximal leg press strength and sitting height (R2 = 0.84, p < 0.001). For the end phase, a best fit was observed for trunk flexion, RFD 350 ms of leg press, body height and sex (R2 = 0.97 p < 0.001), whereas absolute VO2max, trunk flexion and sex explained variance over the entire 2000 m time trial (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.001). It appears that for the high acceleration in the start phase, force transmission through maximum strength for trunk extension is essential, while fast power production along the kinetic chain is also relevant. Additionally, the results support that maximal force complements the reliance on VO2max. Further intervention studies are needed to refine training recommendations.
Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance intermittent running performance in trained rugby players
Authors: Esen Ozcan , Karayigit Raci , Peart Daniel J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Since the effect of dietary nitrate (NO3‐) supplementation on rugby performance is unclear, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acute NO3‐ supplementation, on the modified Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (IR1) performance test in trained male rugby players.

Methods

In a randomised, counterbalanced, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover design, 12 trained rugby union players performed two experimental trials three hours after supplementation of either 140 mL NO3‐‐rich (BRJ; ∼12.8 mmol NO3‐) or NO3‐‐depleted (PLA) BRJ. After blood sampling, players performed the modified Yo‐Yo IR1 test. Countermovement jumps (CMJ) were also measured before (pre‐CMJ) and after (post‐CMJ) the prone Yo‐Yo IR1 test.

Results

Plasma NO3‐ (BRJ: 570 ± 146 µM vs. PLA: 72 ± 23 µM) and nitrite (NO2‐) concentrations (BRJ: 320 ± 123 nM vs. PLA: 103 ± 57 nM) were increased after BRJ compared to PLA supplementation (both P < 0.001). Performance in the modified Yo‐Yo IR1 test did not differ between BRJ (542 ± 209 m) and PLA (498 ± 185 m, P = 0.3). The jump height in pre‐CMJ and in post‐CMJ were similar between trials (both P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Acute BRJ supplementation increased plasma NO3‐ and NO2‐ concentrations but had no benefit on an intermittent running test that reflects the demands of rugby performance, and CMJ performances. The findings do not support acute high‐dose NO3‐ supplementation as an ergogenic aid to enhance physical performance in trained male rugby players.
Investigation of laser-textured triboelectric nanogenerator for vibration sensing of machine tools
Authors: P S Kaushik , Gupta Puneet , J Diksha , Tripathi Ashwani S , Joshi Suhas S , Palani I A
Published: July 2023

The breakdown of any industrial mechanical system can be predicted and identified using vibration sensing. Piezoelectric material-based vibration sensors are commercially available, but their use is limited by their reliance on external power sources and intricate data-gathering systems. Recently, contact electrification-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are reliable, affordable, and lightweight devices, have been developed as vibration sensors. The TENG is a high-voltage output device; however, its lower current output restricts its practical applications. In this work, we report a novel laser texturing technique for output enhancement of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)- and aluminum (Al)-based TENG for machinery vibration sensing applications. An Nd3+: YAG pulse laser was used for texturing the PTFE sheet. A 50% spatial spot overlap with laser fluences of 10 and 50 J cm−2 was chosen to investigate the impact on the TENG electrical output. As compared to pristine TENG, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of laser-textured (LT) TENG increased from 308 V to 368 V and 12.64 µA to 19.16 µA, respectively. The TENG device was attached to a lathe and a milling machine to sense the change in vibration state with respect to various machining parameters. Moreover, the proposed LT performance-enhanced TENG has excellent potential and broad applications in the fields of machinery monitoring, fault detection, and the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.
Structural, morphological and optical properties of Sn doped zinc oxide thin films synthesis by sol-gel method for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Boufelgha Fayssal , Zellagui Rahima , Benachour Mohamed Cherif , Brihi Noureddine , Dehdouh Heider , Saeed M A
Published: July 2023

Undoped and tin (Sn)-doped ZnO thin films were synthesized via sol-gel technique and deposited onto the glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. The impact of Sn incorporation at various concentrations on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO films was studied x-ray diffraction revealed a hexagonal crystal structure for all samples with a preferential crystalline orientation along the (002) plane. The transparency of Sn-doped ZnO thin film in the visible region significantly increased from 75% to 90%. The morphological analysis revealed a decrease in the grain size from 21 nm to 15 nm with Sn content in the matrix of ZnO. The optical properties reveal the contribution of the Burstein-Moss effect and electron-impurity scattering to slightly widen the bandgap from 3.22 eV to 3.24 eV. Urbach energy values demonstrated that the presence of Sn dopant increased the tail-band width of the localized states. These observations suggest that the deposited Sn-ZnO thin films could have possible applications as a photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation.
Asymmetric tridirectional quantum teleportation using seven-qubit cluster states
Authors: Mahjoory Ali , Kazemikhah Payman , Aghababa Hossein , Kolahdouz Mohammadreza
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes an asymmetric tridirectional quantum teleportation (TQT) protocol that uses a seven-qubit cluster states as the quantum channels of each party. In this scheme, any one of the three participants can send their arbitrarily entangled states to the other two concurrently. The tridirectional functionality shows that all three users can act as sender and receiver simultaneously. Based on the mathematical modeling of the scheme, the quantum circuit and the appropriate quantum channel is proposed. For examination and implementation, the proposed scheme and circuit were simulated and validated using IBM quantum experience platform, QASM_simulator and Qiskit library.
Study on influence of modifiers on structural and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ doped different lithium tetra borate glasses
Authors: Dinesh P Sai , Kumar M , Ratnakaram Y C
Published: July 2023

Different multi-component (Li, Na, Ca, Ba, LiNa, BaCa) borate glasses doped with 1 mol% of Nd3+ ions were prepared by the melt-quenching method. The structural information was carried out by PXRD, FTIR and 11B MAS-NMR characterizations. Based on Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermal stability has been taken care for the glass samples which are mentioned at present work. From PXRD, it is clearly observed that the prepared glass samples are amorphous in nature. The FTIR spectra were examined to determine if the borate glasses contained BO3 or BO4 functional groups.11B MAS NMR gives structural presentation of BO3 and BO4 groups and boron-oxygen coordination number. The evaluation of Judd-Ofelt parameters, Ω
λ
(λ = 2, 4, 6), and spectroscopic quality factors (χ) were conducted based on the optical absorption spectra and spectral intensities. The present study involves an analysis of the transition probabilities (A) and branching ratios (β) of specific transitions of Nd3+ ion doped in various glasses, utilizing the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. The emission spectra of the glass samples were recorded with 808 nm excitation, it shows three peaks at 881, 1050 and 1332 nm. Theoretical analysis was conducted on the luminescence properties of borate glasses, and various radiative properties were also investigated. From the luminescent properties of Nd3+ doped different lithium tetraborate glasses, it is concluded that LiBiNaTNd and LiBiBaCaTNd glasses are promising gain materials for 1.05 μm fiber laser applications.
Inversionless terahertz lasing in a four-level Raman-type scheme within mid-infrared quantum cascade structures
Authors: Kazemi-Tesieh Mohammad Reza , Yousefvand Hossein Reza , Ghadimi Abbas , Kiani-Sarkaleh Azadeh
Published: July 2023

This paper applies the density matrix formalism to investigate a feasibility of inversionless terahertz (THz) lasing within a mid-infrared (mid-IR) quantum cascade laser (QCL). The proposed structure aims to use a mid-IR QCL as an efficient pump source that integrated with a four-level Raman-type scheme to generate THz radiation through strong coherence excited in the system. A key aspect of the design is that the THz generation is achieved by interplay between inversion-based lasing and coherent effects due to quantum interference between the microscopic polarizations of the dipole-allowed transitions in the four-level system. THz intensity gain arising from both the inversion-based lasing and coherent effects is derived from the off-diagonal density matrix elements in the four-level system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed design demonstrates the potential to achieve THz lasing with good temperature characteristics and without the need for population inversion.
A comparative analysis of a D-shaped photonic crystal sensor based on graphene plasmonic
Authors: Hajiani Tayebe , Eskandari Mohammad
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance has been presented. In the proposed structure, Graphene, Gold, and Silver have been used in different configurations in order to promote the sensitivity of the sensor. According to the numerical simulations performed by the finite element method (FEM) and considering the refractive index of the analyte from 1.36 to 1.40, the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 12600 nm RIU−1 has been obtained, which is related to the structure when the Gold layer sandwiched between two Graphene layers. This is while, the maximum amplitude sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 5708 (RIU−1), which is related to the configuration that Graphene has been placed under the Silver layer. On the other hand, the proposed structure is easy to use because there is no need to fill the fiber holes with the analyte and it can be easily placed on the D-shaped surface of the sensor. The proposed sensor is appropriate to sense the biological variation because of showing strong surface plasmon resonances. The effect of the fabrication tolerance on the proposed PCF is also studied. It is expected that the proposed model will be compatible with the bio-engineering approaches.
Heat-driven self-cleaning glass based on fast thermal response for automotive sensors
Authors: Kim Youngkwang , Lee Jeongmin , Chung Sang Kug
Published: July 2023

High-performance transparent heaters, which can prevent a camera lens from frosting/icing and evaporate droplets on the surface of the lens, are one of the promising self-cleaning devices for automotive optical sensors such as an automotive camera and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. However, many previous studies on transparent heaters have mainly focused on advanced materials and manufacturing technologies. For the commercialization of transparent heaters, practical methods to improve thermal response and evaluate the cleaning performance of contaminants must be investigated. Hence, we propose a heat-driven self-cleaning glass based on fast thermal response using overdrive voltage for automotive sensors. The proposed device was designed as a mesh-type patterned electrode for high transmittance and fabricated using the Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) process. The proposed device generated heat when voltage was applied and reached 85 °C in approximately 4 sec when driven using an overdrive driving method. In addition, performing a test to remove droplets of various volumes generated on the surface of the proposed device, it was confirmed that droplets of various volumes could be removed within 30 sec. For a demonstration of the proposed concept, the heat-driven self-cleaning glass was applied to an automotive camera, and the image distorted by rainwater on the camera lens became clear when the glass was operated. We believe these experimental results are useful to commercialize transparent heaters for the next-generation automotive optical sensors.
The single- and two-photon scattering in the waveguide QED coupling to a giant atom
Authors: Cheng Weijun , Wang Zhihai , Tian Tian
Published: July 2023

The giant atom, which means the nonlocal atom-waveguide coupling, gives lots of newfangled physics. In this paper, we study the single- and two-photon scattering in the waveguide quantum electrodynamics on a two-level giant atom. For single-photon scattering, we find that the transmission rate is dependent on the atomic size. For the two-photon scattering, using a reasonable wave function hypothesis, we can get the two-photon scattering state, which consists of the symmetric and anti-symmetric plane wave functions. The other eigenstate is the two-photon bound state, which is orthogonal to the two-photon scattering state. We find that the spatial extent of the two-photon bound state is related to the detuning between waveguide and atom, which is distinguished from the character of the general atom. Our study is beneficial to photon control and the fundamental research of the two-photon scattering.
Threshold-independent method for single-shot readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Hu 胡 Rui-Zi 睿梓 , Zhu 祝 Sheng-Kai 圣凯 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 , Zhou 周 Yuan 圆 , Ni 倪 Ming 铭 , Ma 马 Rong-Long 荣龙 , Luo 罗 Gang 刚 , Kong 孔 Zhen-Zhen 真真 , Wang 王 Gui-Lei 桂磊 , Cao 曹 Gang 刚 , Li 李 Hai-Ou 海欧 , Guo 郭 Guo-Ping 国平
Published: July 2023

The single-shot readout data process is essential for the realization of high-fidelity qubits and fault-tolerant quantum algorithms in semiconductor quantum dots. However, the fidelity and visibility of the readout process are sensitive to the choice of the thresholds and limited by the experimental hardware. By demonstrating the linear dependence between the measured spin state probabilities and readout visibilities along with dark counts, we describe an alternative threshold-independent method for the single-shot readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. We can obtain the extrapolated spin state probabilities of the prepared probabilities of the excited spin state through the threshold-independent method. We then analyze the corresponding errors of the method, finding that errors of the extrapolated probabilities cannot be neglected with no constraints on the readout time and threshold voltage. Therefore, by limiting the readout time and threshold voltage, we ensure the accuracy of the extrapolated probability. We then prove that the efficiency and robustness of this method are 60 times larger than those of the most commonly used method. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the electron temperature on the effective area with a fixed external magnetic field and provide a preliminary demonstration for a single-shot readout of up to 0.7 K/1.5 T in the future.
Spin transport characteristics modulated by the GeBi interlayer in Y3Fe5O12/GeBi/Pt heterostructures
Authors: Li 李 Mingming 明明 , Zhang 张 Lei 磊 , Jin 金 Lichuan 立川 , Guo 郭 Haizhong 海中
Published: July 2023

For the past few years, germanium-based semiconductor spintronics has attracted considerable interest due to its potential for integration into mainstream semiconductor technology. The main challenges in the development of modern semiconductor spintronics are the generation, detection, and manipulation of spin currents. Here, the transport characteristics of a spin current generated by spin pumping through a GeBi semiconductor barrier in Y3Fe5O12/GeBi/Pt heterostructures were investigated systematically. The effective spin-mixing conductance and inverse spin Hall voltage to quantitatively describe the spin transport characteristics were extracted. The spin-injection efficiency in the Y3Fe5O12/GeBi/Pt heterostructures is comparable to that of the Y3Fe5O12/Pt bilayer, and the inverse spin Hall voltage exponential decays with the increase in the barrier thickness. Furthermore, the band gap of the GeBi layer was tuned by changing the Bi content. The spin-injection efficiency at the YIG/semiconductor interface and the spin transportation within the semiconductor barrier are related to the band gap of the GeBi layer. Our results may be used as guidelines for the fabrication of efficient spin transmission structures and may lead to further studies on the impacts of different kinds of barrier materials.
Phenomenological study of
decays*
Authors: Hong Peng-Cheng , Ping Rong-Gang , Song Wei-Min , Li He , Zhou Xiao-Rong
Published: July 2023

The measurement of decay parameters is one of the important goals of particle physics experiments, and the measurement serves as a probe to search for evidence of CP violation in baryonic decays. The experimental results will aid in advancing existing theoretical research and establishing new experimental objectives. In this study, we formulate the asymmetric parameters that characterize parity violation, and then derive formulas for the measurement of CP violation. The formulae for the joint angular distribution of the full decay chain as well as the polarization observable of

,

, Λ, and

are also provided for experiments. Lastly, we evaluated the sensitivity of two asymmetric parameters:

(abbreviated as

) and

(abbreviated as

) for future experimental measurements.
TRCA-Net: using TRCA filters to boost the SSVEP classification with convolutional neural network
Authors: Deng Yang , Sun Qingyu , Wang Ce , Wang Yijun , Zhou S Kevin
Published: July 2023

Objective. The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface has received extensive attention in research due to its simple system, less training data, and high information transfer rate. There are currently two prominent methods dominating the classification of SSVEP signals. One is the knowledge-based task-related component analysis (TRCA) method, whose core idea is to find the spatial filters by maximizing the inter-trial covariance. The other is the deep learning-based approach, which directly learns a classification model from data. However, how to integrate the two methods to achieve better performance has not been studied before. Approach. In this study, we develop a novel algorithm named TRCA-Net (TRCA-Net) to enhance SSVEP signal classification, which enjoys the advantages of both the knowledge-based method and the deep model. Specifically, the proposed TRCA-Net first performs TRCA to obtain spatial filters, which extract task-related components of data. Then the TRCA-filtered features from different filters are rearranged as new multi-channel signals for a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification. Introducing the TRCA filters to a deep learning-based approach improves the signal-to-noise ratio of input data, hence benefiting the deep learning model. Main results. We evaluate the performance of TRCA-Net using two publicly available large-scale benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of TRCA-Net. Additionally, offline and online experiments separately testing ten and five subjects further validate the robustness of TRCA-Net. Further, we conduct ablation studies on different CNN backbones and demonstrate that our approach can be transplanted into other CNN models to boost their performance. Significance. The proposed approach is believed to have a promising potential for SSVEP classification and promote its practical applications in communication and control. The code is available at https://github.com/Sungden/TRCA-Net.
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for identifying hadronically decayed tau leptons at the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Huang Andris , Ju Xiangyang , Lyons Jacob , Murnane Daniel , Pettee Mariel , Reed Landon
Published: July 2023

We present a new algorithm that identifies reconstructed
jets originating from hadronic decays of tau leptons against those
from quarks or gluons. No tau lepton reconstruction algorithm is
used. Instead, the algorithm represents jets as heterogeneous graphs
with tracks and energy clusters as nodes and trains a Graph Neural
Network to identify tau jets from other jets. Different attributed
graph representations and different GNN architectures are
explored. We propose to use differential track and energy cluster
information as node features and a heterogeneous sequentially-biased
encoding for the inputs to final graph-level classification.
Coincidence time resolution measurements for dual-ended readout PET detectors
Authors: Sun M.D. , Zhang C.H. , Zhao B.Q.
Published: July 2023

Coincidence time resolution (CTR) is an important
performance parameter of clinical positron emission tomography (PET)
detectors, which is dependent on the parameters of the scintillation
crystal, the timing measurement methods, and the electronics. In
this work, CTRs of PET detectors using dual-ended readout of
segmented LYSO arrays were measured with different timing
measurement methods. The detector modules were composed of LYSO
arrays of 8 × 8 with a crystal size of
3.10 × 3.10 × 20 mm3 or 13 × 13 with a
crystals size of 1.88 × 1.88 × 20 mm3, coupled at
each end to an 8 × 8 Hamamatsu SiPM array (S13361-3050NE-08)
with pixel active area of 3.00 × 3.00 mm2 and pitch of
3.20 mm. The signals of the SiPM arrays were individually read out
and processed by using the TOFPET2 ASICs. The CTRs of the detectors
were measured after the timing alignment of the ASICs was
performed. Timing measurement methods of the dual-ended readout
detector such as the average time of the two SiPMs, the faster time
of the two SiPMs, the time of the back SiPM, and the time of the
front SiPM were compared. The average time of the two SiPMs provides
the best CTR, which is explained by a simple model about the timing
measurement methods of a dual-ended readout detector. The detector
with one-to-one crystal-to-SiPM coupling provides better CTR than
the detector with a crystal size smaller than the pixel size of the
SiPM. The best CTR of 367 ± 6 ps was obtained by using the
8 × 8 LYSO array with unpolished lateral crystal surfaces and
ESR reflectors. The CTR of the dual-ended readout detector can be
improved if a DOI-dependent timing correction is used.
Results of manufacturing and operation of the first accelerating structures for the linear accelerator of the SKIF injector based on a disk-loaded waveguide
Authors: Levichev A. , Grishina K. , Samoilov S. , Arsentieva M. , Chekmenev D. , Xiaochao Ma , Meshkov O. , Pivovarov I. , Nikiforov D. , Barnyakov A.
Published: July 2023

The linear accelerator of the Siberian Circular Photon
Source is being developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of
the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB
RAS). The test accelerator facility with the RF gun, the bunching
system, the pre-accelerator and the first regular accelerating
structuresoperates at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The aim
of work at this facility is to demonstrate the performance of the
basic system of the linear accelerator, including the accelerating
structures. This paper presents the first accelerating structures
for the linear accelerator of the SKIF injector produced at BINP SB
RAS.
The role of exosomes in central nervous system tissue regeneration and repair
Authors: Wang Jingtao , Yang Lingyan
Published: July 2023

Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types into the extracellular environment and contain kinds of bioactive molecules. These molecules can mediate various biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, making them attractive for tissue regeneration and repair. Owing to their nanoscale size, bilayer membrane structure, and receptor-mediated transcytosis, exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Additionally, exosomes can be loaded with exogenous substances after isolation. It has been suggested that exosomes could be used as natural drug carriers to transport therapeutic agents across the BBB and have great potential for CNS disease therapy by promoting tissue regeneration and repair. Herein, we discuss perspectives on therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disease or spinal cord injury using a variety of cell types-derived exosomes with kinds of exosomal contents, as well as engineering strategies of specific functional and exosome administration routes.
Synthesis and application of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-based nucleic acid delivery system in tumor diagnosis and therapy: a review
Authors: Wang Liping , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Chen Yuanbin , Ma Guofeng , Liang Ye
Published: July 2023

Cancer severely threatens human health, which makes it particularly urgent to develop effective strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Gene therapy and nucleic acid-based cancer diagnosis play important roles in cancer theranostic, but their applicability is challenged by the low cellular uptake and enzymatic degradation. In response, safe and efficient carrier metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proposed. Zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs), a promising MOF type, can easily encapsulate negatively charged nucleic acid while offering a high loading efficiency, adjustable structure, and conditional responsiveness (pH, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or glutathione (GSH)). In this review, we studied recent articles on nucleic acid-loading ZIFs-based nanoplatforms in tumor theranostics on the Pubmed database, with a focus on the synthesis and applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment. The relevant favorable aspects, potential challenges, and future opportunities are also discussed in this review.
A boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America: a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC)
Authors: Qu Bo , Roy Alexandre , Melton Joe R , Black T Andrew , Amiro Brian , Euskirchen Eugénie S , Ueyama Masahito , Kobayashi Hideki , Schulze Christopher , Gosselin Gabriel Hould , Cannon Alex J , Detto Matteo , Sonnentag Oliver
Published: July 2023

Climate change is rapidly altering composition, structure, and functioning of the boreal biome, across North America often broadly categorized into ecoregions. The resulting complex changes in different ecoregions present a challenge for efforts to accurately simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy exchanges between boreal forests and the atmosphere with terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs). Eddy covariance measurements provide valuable information for evaluating the performance of TEMs and guiding their development. Here, we compiled a boreal forest model benchmarking dataset for North America by harmonizing eddy covariance and supporting measurements from eight black spruce (Picea mariana)-dominated, mature forest stands. The eight forest stands, located in six boreal ecoregions of North America, differ in stand characteristics, disturbance history, climate, permafrost conditions and soil properties. By compiling various data streams, the benchmarking dataset comprises data to parameterize, force, and evaluate TEMs. Specifically, it includes half-hourly, gap-filled meteorological forcing data, ancillary data essential for model parameterization, and half-hourly, gap-filled or partitioned component flux data on CO2 (net ecosystem production, gross primary production [GPP], and ecosystem respiration [ER]) and energy (latent [LE] and sensible heat [H]) and their daily aggregates screened based on half-hourly gap-filling quality criteria. We present a case study with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) to: (1) demonstrate the utility of our dataset to benchmark TEMs and (2) provide guidance for model development and refinement. Model skill was evaluated using several statistical metrics and further examined through the flux responses to their environmental controls. Our results suggest that CLASSIC tended to overestimate GPP and ER among all stands. Model performance regarding the energy fluxes (i.e., LE and H) varied greatly among the stands and exhibited a moderate correlation with latitude. We identified strong relationships between simulated fluxes and their environmental controls except for H, thus highlighting current strengths and limitations of CLASSIC.
Generalized coherent states of light interacting with a nonlinear medium, quantum superpositions and dissipative processes
Authors: Giraldi Filippo
Published: July 2023

The interaction of a single-mode quantized light field with a low-dissipative nonlinear medium is analyzed in case the field mode is initially prepared in a generalized coherent state (GCS). Similarly to the case of canonical coherent states (CSs) of light, the time evolution is periodic and becomes a superposition of a finite number of GCSs at determined time instants. The effects of the dissipative process on these superpositions are studied by evaluating the loss of one photon and the corresponding rate. Special conditions are determined such that the superpositions of GCSs created in the time evolution of a GCS are stronger or weaker against the dissipative process than the superpositions of optical CSs generated in the evolution of a canonical CS. This selection is performed by comparing the corresponding dissipation rates of loosing one photon. In this way, perturbations of coherent light are found such that the quantum superpositions of GCSs created in the time evolution are stronger against the dissipative process than the superpositions of optical CSs generated with coherent light.
Empowering in Coastal Communities Using Ergonomics and Technopreneurship Methods
Authors: Nurmianto Eko
Published: July 2023

Every community wants their business to be successful and able to last a long time. Problems of coastal community are lack of skill and income Empowerment objectives 1) Determining the level of needs of coastal communities, 2) Determining the type of skills required, 3) Determining appropriate training packages to improve skills. Based on this goal, the result of empowerment is how to improve the skills and income of coastal communities. As people’s income increases, it is expected that the volume of activities and commodity trading will also increase. This empowerment provides a plan to improve the standard of living for coastal communities and their families. This activity is in accordance with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth.
Analysis study of the ratio of wave height to column diameter in OWC wave energy converter
Authors: Arief I.S , Mangaraja AM
Published: July 2023

Hydro energy is one of the potentials of renewable Energy in Indonesia. Indonesia has a vast sea, in the amount of 3,544,743.9 km2 making Indonesia a suitable country to utilize Oscillating Water Column (OWC) type power plants. The study was conducted to determine the effect of column diameter on the performance of OWC devices, especially in speed and dynamic pressure. There are 5 variations of the diameter of the column studied, namely 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, 1.25 m, and 1.5 m. Plus there are also variations in the wave period, namely 3s, 4s, and 5s. The result of this study is the column diameter of 0.75 m has an average speed of 0.389 m/s and a dynamic pressure of 2.676 N/m2, making it the best column diameter ratio of the five column diameter ratio options available.
Fatigue life prediction on the side hull structure of semi-submersible tourism
Authors: Aryawan W.D. , Ariesta R.C. , Sukma N.P.L. , Achmadi T. , Utama D.
Published: July 2023

A semi-submersible tourism ship has been created to promote Indonesia’s marine tourism sector and make it easier for visitor to enjoy the underwater ecosystem. According to the actual data of domestic visitors has increased up to 23% between 2022 until 2018. Furthermore, the visitor’s convenience and safety must be a priority for the ship. The present study focuses on the fatigue life of steel on a semi-submersible ship using finite element analysis (FEA) and Paris Law approach. The analysis was carried out on the side hull of semi-submersible tourism ship with the stiffener and modelled with the solid element model 3CD8R. The boundary conditions of this model are fix on both sides to approach the actual condition. The results of the fatigue life that a semi-submersible tourism ship up to 9.53 years.
Design of a Logistic Intelligence Boat
Authors: Aryawan W. D. , Zubaydi A. , Achmadi T. , Anjasmara H. , Sukma N. P. L. , Asmara A. , Indaryo A. E. , Fadhok M. I. , Yusuf H.
Published: July 2023

Due to difficulty to logistic distribution in remote areas and difficult to reach areas, it is necessary to have a boat that can carry that task. To ensure safety for the ship and ship’s crew, the logistic boat itself must be integrated with autonomous system. The concept design of logistic intelligence boat is offered as a problem-solving in this study. Logistic intelligence boat designed with spiral design procedure with Bahari-11 as parent ship. The final design of logistic intelligence boat with length of overall (LOA): (57) meters, width (B): (9.5) meters, Draft (T): (5.4) meters, and speed of (4.48) knots. The model calculated with Froude number similarity to obtain length of overall (LOA): (2) meters, width (B): (0,33) meters, Draft (T): (0,15) meters and speed (1,723) knot. There are 3 experiment to check on the model performance, speed test, maneuver test and autonomous test. Speed test result the ship could maintaince its service speed value in accordance with set points. For maneuvering test, logistic intelligence boat passed the IMO maneuvering criteria. The autonomous system used are waypoint guidance system and the ship could properly go to the target location.
Exploration of rheological behavior of an Ellis fluid on the onset of thermosolutal porous convection
Authors: Vinod Y , Shivakumara I S , Raghunatha K R
Published: July 2023

The initiation of thermosolutal convective instability is investigated in a horizontal porous layer saturated by a shear-thinning fluid following Ellis’ rheology. The porous layer is heated as well as salted from below and a basic horizontal throughflow prompted by the prescribed pressure gradient is considered. The linear stability analysis is performed using normal mode analysis and the threshold conditions for the onset of convection are obtained in a closed form. The imposed horizontal pressure gradient and the solute concentration gradient reinforce together in resulting the onset of convection through oscillatory motions. The transverse rolls are the most unstable which are found to be both travelling and non-travelling in the reference frame comoving with the basic throughflow. The effect of increasing the Ellis power-law index and the solute Darcy-Rayleigh number is to stabilise, while an increase in the Darcy-Ellis number is to destabilise the base flow. The pressure and temperature/solute concentration lines are presented at the critical state. The results delineated under the limiting cases are shown to be in agreement with those published previously.
Variational quantum circuits for convolution and window-based image processing applications
Authors: Yetiş Hasan , Karaköse Mehmet
Published: July 2023

Quantum information processing is gaining popularity in the fields of machine learning and image processing because of its advantages. Quantum convolution is an interesting topic in this field, and studies on this topic can be divided into value-based and angle-based methods. Although quantum convolution studies on angle-based or variational quantum circuits (VQCs) is called convolution, the circuits work differently from classical convolution. In this study, contrary to the literature, the VQC was trained to imitate classical convolution. The differential evolution algorithm (DEA) was used to optimize the VQCs. The proposed method requires as many qubits as the filter size (N× N). The generated circuits contain N× N× 4 quantum gates and N× N × 3 trainable parameters. The generated circuits were tested in Python environment using Cirq simulator. The Cifar10 and MNIST datasets are used as examples. For 2 × 2 filters with different weights, the convolution was successfully modeled with a mean squared error of less than 0.001. In general, the proposed method imitates classic convolution within

±
5
%

tolerance. In conclusion, VQCs that imitate classical convolution with fewer qubits and quantum gates than value-based methods were obtained.
Influences of nano-SiO2 on the tensile, flexural, and compressive characteristics of the open-hole carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminated composites: experimental study
Authors: Emrahi Reza , Rostamiyan Yasser , Hashemi-Tilehnoee Mehdi
Published: July 2023

Carbon fiber are of great importance materials exploited in various industrial applications in the recent years. Because of its strong flexural and compressive properties, these fibers have been commonly utilized as a reinforcement for producing polymer composite laminates. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are subjected to extreme forces and damaged. In the component assembly of the structures, one of the conventional damages that still occurs on the CFRP laminates is holes that is created on the specimen by drilling tools, which causes a reduction in the laminates’ mechanical strength. One of the suggested ways to strengthen the mechanical properties of composites is to add nanoparticles. Therefore, the impact of silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) on the tensile, flexural, and compressive characteristics of the open-hole CFRP laminated composites is experimentally determined in this research. Nano-SiO2 with various weight percentage of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 is added into the CFRP. A scanning electron microscope images are used to observe the microscopic structure of the composites. The results showed that adding 1–3 wt.% of nano-SiO2 into the CFRP enhances the tensile, flexural, and compressive strength of the specimens and reduces the fiber pull out and delamination.
Pseudoscience: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Gordin Michael D.
Published: July 2023

Pseudoscience: A Very Short Introduction explores the philosophical and historical attempts to address this problem of demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Many people would be able to agree on a list of things that fall under the umbrella of pseudoscience — astrology, phrenology, UFOlogy, creationism, and eugenics might come to mind — but a precise definition has proven impossible. This book explores a bewildering array of marginalized doctrines, focusing on some of the central debates about what science is and is not, and how such controversies have shifted over the centuries, and offers a historical and philosophical approach to fringe science and scientific controversies in the past and the present