bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nature of Global Green Finance Standards—Evolution, Differences, and Three Models
Authors: Nedopil Christoph , Dordi Truzaar , Weber Olaf
Published: March 2021

(1) Background: Green finance standards have proliferated with much need for harmonization to accelerate global green financial flows. However, little is known on the nature of green finance standards that accelerates differentiation, rather than harmonization. Therefore, we embark to answer the question what the nature of green finance standards is and specifically how green finance standards have evolved in major economic systems driven by different actors and leading to differences and commonalities over time and environmental focus area. (2) Methods: To analyze the question, we build a model based on institutional and standards theory and apply text analysis and statistical methods to analyze 84 green finance standards issued from 1998 to 2020. (3) Results: we find clear evidence that green finance standards evolve depending on economic governance types (e.g., market-based, government-based and in weak institutional environments), environmental focus areas (e.g., pollution, climate, biodiversity) and depend on actors in government, intermediaries and developing financial institutions. We also show that this development has been dynamic over the last few decades. We further test and confirm three models of green finance standards: output-based, input-based and process standards that have evolved. With the findings, we aim to provide a better foundation for both research and policy in future green finance standard research, development and harmonization.
Modeling Population Spatial-Temporal Distribution Using Taxis Origin and Destination Data
Authors: Rahimi Fatema , Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Ghodousi Mostafa , Choi Soo-Mi
Published: March 2021

During dangerous circumstances, knowledge about population distribution is essential for urban infrastructure architecture, policy-making, and urban planning with the best Spatial-temporal resolution. The spatial-temporal modeling of the population distribution of the case study was investigated in the present study. In this regard, the number of generated trips and absorbed trips using the taxis pick-up and drop-off location data was calculated first, and the census population was then allocated to each neighborhood. Finally, the Spatial-temporal distribution of the population was calculated using the developed model. In order to evaluate the model, a regression analysis between the census population and the predicted population for the time period between 21:00 to 23:00 was used. Based on the calculation of the number of generated and the absorbed trips, it showed a different spatial distribution for different hours in one day. The spatial pattern of the population distribution during the day was different from the population distribution during the night. The coefficient of determination of the regression analysis for the model (R2) was 0.9998, and the mean squared error was 10.78. The regression analysis showed that the model works well for the nighttime population at the neighborhood level, so the proposed model will be suitable for the day time population.
Progress Assessment and Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Water Conservancy Modernization Construction in China
Authors: Lu Nan , Zhu Jiwei , Chi Hui , Wang Bing , Chen Lu
Published: March 2021

To achieve the sustainable development goals established by the United Nations in 2015, China has adopted a series of measures to promote the modernization of water conservancy. However, its construction in China is imbalanced across regions as the endowment of water resources and economic development are distinct. Consequently, it is important to assess the progress of and analyze the spatial heterogeneity of water conservancy modernization construction in China from the perspective of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this study, 31 regions in China were selected, and data on water conservancy construction in these sampled regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) were collected in 2018. The results show that there exists an imbalanced development in terms of the overall level and the index level. About 60% of the regions scored below the overall average score for China’s current modernization of water conservancy. The eastern areas presented a high level of modernization, while the central, northeast, and western areas showed comparable modernization of water conservancy, all of which lag behind eastern areas of China. Furthermore, China’s water conservancy modernization also presented a strong spatial autocorrelation, and there was at least one deficiency in 55% of the regions, with the rate of deficiencies emerging in the West being much higher than in other regions. In a nutshell, this study provides a novel framework that can be extended to evaluate the SDGs and the effectiveness of water governance in other countries.
On Some NeutroHyperstructures
Authors: Al-Tahan Madeleine , Davvaz Bijan , Smarandache Florentin , Anis Osman
Published: March 2021

Neutrosophy, the study of neutralities, is a new branch of Philosophy that has applications in many different fields of science. Inspired by the idea of Neutrosophy, Smarandache introduced NeutroAlgebraicStructures (or NeutroAlgebras) by allowing the partiality and indeterminacy to be included in the structures’ operations and/or axioms. The aim of this paper is to combine the concept of Neutrosophy with hyperstructures theory. In this regard, we introduce NeutroSemihypergroups as well as NeutroHv-Semigroups and study their properties by providing several illustrative examples.
A Chebyshev Wavelet Collocation Method for Some Types of Differential Problems
Authors: Dhawan Sharanjeet , Machado José A. Tenreir , Brzeziński Dariusz W. , Osman Mohamed S.
Published: March 2021

In the past decade, various types of wavelet-based algorithms were proposed, leading to a key tool in the solution of a number of numerical problems. This work adopts the Chebyshev wavelets for the numerical solution of several models. A Chebyshev operational matrix is developed, for selected collocation points, using the fundamental properties. Moreover, the convergence of the expansion coefficients and an upper estimate for the truncation error are included. The obtained results for several case studies illustrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach.
Mechanical and Corrosion Studies of Friction Stir Welded Nano Al2O3 Reinforced Al-Mg Matrix Composites: RSM-ANN Modelling Approach
Authors: A. Chandrashekar , Chaluvaraju B. V. , Afzal Asif , Vinnik Denis A. , Kaladgi Abdul Razak , Alamri Sagr , C. Ahamed Saleel , Tirth Vineet
Published: March 2021

Nano aluminum oxide was prepared by the combustion method using aluminum nitrate as the oxidizer and urea as a fuel. Characterization of synthesized materials was performed using SEM (scanning electron microscope), powder XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscope). Al-Mg/Al2O3 (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) metal matrix nanocomposites were prepared by liquid metallurgy route-vertex technique. The homogeneous dispersion of nano Al2O3 particles in Al-Mg/Al2O3 metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) was revealed from the field emission SEM analysis. The reinforcement particles present in the matrix were analyzed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy method. The properties (corrosion and mechanical) of the fabricated composites were evaluated. The mechanical and corrosion properties of the prepared nanocomposites initially increased and then decreased with the addition of nano Al2O3 particles in Al-Mg Matrix. The studies show that, the presence of 6 wt% of nano Al2O3 particles in the matrix improved the properties of other combinations of nano Al2O3 in the Al-Mg matrix material. Further, the Al-Mg/Al2O3 (6 wt%) MMNCs are joined by friction stir welding and evaluated for microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties. Al-Mg/Al2O3 MMNCs may find applications in the marine field. The response surface method (RSM) was used for the optimization of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and microhardness of the synthesized material which resulted in a 95% of statistical confidence level. Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was also carried out which perfectly predicted these two properties. The ANN model is optimized to obtain 99.9% accurate predictions by changing the number of neurons in the hidden layer.
An Investigation of Social Distancing and Quantity of Luggage Impacts on the Three Groups Reverse Pyramid Boarding Method
Authors: Cotfas Liviu-Adrian , Milne R. John , Delcea Camelia , Ioanăș Corina
Published: March 2021

The social distancing imposed by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has affected people’s everyday lives and has resulted in companies changing the way they conduct business. The airline industry has been continually adapting since the novel coronavirus appeared. A series of airlines have changed their airplane boarding and passenger seat allocation process to increase their passengers’ safety. Many suggest a minimum social distance among passengers in the aisle while boarding. Some airlines have reduced their airplanes’ capacities by keeping the middle seats empty. Recent literature indicates that the Reverse Pyramid boarding method provides favorable values for boarding time and passenger health metrics when compared to other boarding methods. This paper analyses the extent to which aisle social distancing, the quantity of carry-on luggage, and an airline’s relative preferences for different performance metrics influence the optimal number of passengers to board the airplane in each of three boarding groups when the Reverse Pyramid method is used and the middle seats are empty. We also investigate the resulting impact on the average boarding time and health risks to boarding passengers. We use an agent-based model and stochastic simulation approach to evaluate various levels of aisle social distancing among passengers and the quantity of luggage carried aboard the airplane. When minimizing boarding time is the primary objective of an airline, for a given value of aisle social distance, decreasing the carry-on luggage volumes increases the optimal number of boarding group 1 passengers and decreases the optimal number of group 2 passengers with aisle seats; for a given volume of luggage, an increase in aisle social distance is associated with more passengers in group 1 and more aisle seat passengers in group 2. When minimizing the health risk to aisle seat passengers or to window seat passengers, the optimal solution results from assigning an equal number of window seat passengers to groups 1 and 2 and an equal number of aisle seat passengers to groups 2 and 3. This solution is robust to changes in luggage volume and the magnitude of aisle social distance. Furthermore, across all luggage and aisle social distancing scenarios, the solution reduces the health risk to aisle seat passengers between 22.76% and 35.31% while increasing average boarding time by less than 3% in each scenario.
A 65-Day Fumonisin B Exposure at High Dietary Levels Has Negligible Effects on the Testicular and Spermatological Parameters of Adult Rabbit Bucks
Authors: Szabó András , Nagy Szabolcs , Ali Omeralfaroug , Gerencsér Zsolt , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián Milán , Bartók Tibor , Horváth Levente , Mouhanna Aziz , Kovács Melinda
Published: March 2021

A 65-day study was undertaken to test the effects of two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) of dietary fumonisin Bs (FB) on the rabbit male reproduction system. Body and testicular weight was not affected by the intoxication, neither the fatty acid composition of the testicular total phospholipids; the testis histological analysis failed to reveal any toxic effect. The FBs increased the testicular concentration and activity of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and decreased initial phase lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes and trienes) in a dose dependent manner. Sperm morphology and chromatin condensation were monitored on Feulgen-stained smears. No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups and between sampling time points. The live cell ratio in the sperm (as assessed with flow cytometry) was not different among groups at any of the five sampling timepoints and was also identical within groups. Similarly, the spermatozoa membrane lipid profile was also identical in all three groups after the total intoxication period. In summary, it was demonstrated that FBs in an unrealistic and unjustified high dose still do not exert any drastic harmful effect on the leporine, male reproduction system, meanwhile slightly augmenting testicular antioxidant response.
Medial Sural Perforator “Nerve through Flap”: Anatomical Study and Clinical Application
Authors: Pugliese Pierfrancesco , De Francesco Francesco , Campodonico Andrea , Pangrazi Pier Paolo , Antonini Andrea , Riccio Michele
Published: March 2021

Background: Nerve recovery after a complex trauma is affected by many factors and a poorly vascularized bed is often the cause of failure and perineural scar. Many techniques have been devised to avoid this problem and the possibility to transfer a nerve with a surrounding viable sliding tissue could help in this purpose; Methods: We performed an anatomic study on 8 injected specimens to investigate the possibility to raise a medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap including the sural nerve within its vascularized sheath; Results: In anatomic specimens, a visible direct nerve vascularization was present in 57% of legs (8 out of 14). In 43% a vascular network was visible in the fascia layer. There were no vascular anomalies. In one patient the MSAP flap was raised including the sural nerve with its proximal tibial and peroneal components within the deep sheath. The tibial and peroneal component of the sural nerve were anastomized independently with the common digital nerve of 4th and 5th fingers and with the collateral nerve for the ulnar aspect of the 5th. After 9 months, the patient showed an improving nerve function both clinically and electromyographically without any problem due to nerve adherence; Conclusions: Given the still debated advantage of a vascularized nerve graft versus a non-vascularized one, this flap could be useful in those cases of composite wounds with nerve lesions acting as a “nerve through flap”, in order to reduce nerve adherence with a viable surrounding gliding tissue.
Malaria in the Time of COVID-19: Do Not Miss the Real Cause of Illness
Authors: Jochum Johannes , Kreuels Benno , Tannich Egbert , Huber Samuel , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Schmiedel Stefan , Ramharter Michael , Addo Marylyn M.
Published: March 2021

We report a case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a patient asymptomatically co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the current ongoing coronavirus pandemic, co-infections with unrelated life-threatening febrile conditions may pose a particular challenge to clinicians. The current situation increases the risk for cognitive biases in medical management.
Inhibitory Effect of Sargassum fusiforme and Its Components on Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Chathuranga Kiramage , Weerawardhana Asela , Dodantenna Niranjan , Ranathunga Lakmal , Cho Won-Kyung , Ma Jin Yeul , Lee Jong-Soo
Published: March 2021

Sargassum fusiforme, a plant used as a medicine and food, is regarded as a marine vegetable and health supplement to improve life expectancy. Here, we demonstrate that S. fusiforme extract (SFE) has antiviral effects against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro and in vivo mouse model. Treatment of HEp2 cells with a non-cytotoxic concentration of SFE significantly reduced RSV replication, RSV-induced cell death, RSV gene transcription, RSV protein synthesis, and syncytium formation. Moreover, oral inoculation of SFE significantly improved RSV clearance from the lungs of BALB/c mice. Interestingly, the phenolic compounds eicosane, docosane, and tetracosane were identified as active components of SFE. Treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration of these three components elicited similar antiviral effects against RSV infection as SFE in vitro. Together, these results suggest that SFE and its potential components are a promising natural antiviral agent candidate against RSV infection.
Forty-Five Years after the Discovery of the Hepatitis D Virus: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Rizzetto Mario , Stroffolini Tommaso
Published: March 2021

The discovery of the Australia Antigen in the mid-1960s led, in a few years, to the identification of the virus of Hepatitis B [...]
Adjusting the Cut-Off and Maximum Pool Size in RT-qPCR Pool Testing for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Costa Murilo S. , Sato Hugo I. , Rocha Raissa P. , Carvalho Alex F. , Guimarães Nathalia S. , Machado Elaine L. , Alves Claudia R. L. , Teixeira Santuza M. R. , Takahashi Ricardo H. C. , Tupinambás Unaí , da Fonseca Flávio G.
Published: March 2021

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA is an essential test to monitor the occurrence of COVID-19. A methodology is proposed for the determination of maximum pool size and adjustments of cut-off values of cycle threshold (Ct in RT-qPCR pool testing, to compensate for the dilution caused by pooling. The trade-off between pool size and test sensitivity is stated explicitly. The procedure was designed to ensure that samples that would be detectable in individual testing remain detectable in pool testing. The proposed relaxation in cut-off is dependent on the pool size, allowing a relatively tight correction to avoid loss of detection of positive samples. The methodology was evaluated in a study of pool testing of adults attending a public emergency care unit, reference for COVID-19 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and presenting flu-like symptoms. Even samples on the edge of detectability in individual testing were detected correctly. The proposed procedure enhances the consistency of RT-qPCR pool testing by enforcing that the scales of detectability in pool processing and in individual sample processing are compatible. This may enhance the contribution of pool testing to large-scale testing for COVID-19.
In Vitro Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Ketotifen, Indomethacin and Naproxen, Alone and in Combination, against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kiani Pantea , Scholey Andrew , Dahl Thomas A. , McMann Lauren , Iversen Jacqueline M. , Verster Joris C.
Published: March 2021

The 2019 coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is caused by infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, the treatment options for COVID-19 are limited. The purpose of the experiments presented here was to investigate the effectiveness of ketotifen, naproxen and indomethacin, alone or in combination, in reducing SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated. The findings showed that the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen both reduce viral yield. Compared to ketotifen alone (60% inhibition at EC50), an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 79%, 83% and 93% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM indomethacin, respectively. Compared to ketotifen alone, an increase in percentage inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 to 68%, 68% and 92% was found when co-administered with 25, 50 and 100 μM naproxen, respectively. For both drug combinations the observations suggest an additive or synergistic effect, compared to administering the drugs alone. No cytotoxic effects were observed for the administered dosages of ketotifen, naproxen, and indomethacin. Further research is warranted to investigate the efficacy of the combination of ketotifen with indomethacin (SJP-002C) or naproxen in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
Serial Ultrasonographic and Real-Time Elastosonographic Assessment of the Ovine Common Calcaneal Tendon, after an Experimentally Induced Tendinopathy
Authors: Serrani Daniele , Volta Antonella , Cingolani Franco , Pennasilico Luca , Di Bella Caterina , Bonazzi Mattia , Salvaggio Alberto , Palumbo Piccionello Angela
Published: March 2021

Real-time elastosonography (RTE) is a recently described, non-invasive, ultrasonographic technique developed to assess tissue elasticity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic and elastosonographic appearance of the common calcaneal tendon (CCT) in an ovine model, and to monitor the progression of tendon healing after an experimentally-induced tendinopathy. Sound tendons were initially evaluated (T0) with a caliper and by a single operator with ultrasound. Ultrasonographic and elastosonographic images were then acquired. Subsequently, ultrasound-guided tendon lesions were induced by injecting 500 IU of Type IA collagenases proximally to the calcaneal tuberosity. Caliper measurement, ultrasonography and elastosonography were then repeated at 15 (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. Clinically measured width of the tendon, ultrasonographic thickness and width and percentage of hard (Elx-t%hrd) and soft (Elx-t%sft) tissue were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed good (0.68) repeatability of elastosonographic evaluation of the CCT. The tendon width was significantly increased when comparing T0 with T1–2 and decreased when comparing T1–2 with T3. Ultrasound-assessed thickness was significantly increased between T0–T1 and decreased between T1-T2–3. Elx-t%hrd was significantly decreased at T1–2–3 and Elx-t%sft was significantly increased at T1–2–3. In conclusion, the ovine CCT is a highly stiff structure that undergoes a severe loss of stiffness during the healing process. Thickness and width of the tendon increased during the first 30 days and then reduced progressively along the subsequent 30 days. Ultrasonographic appearance of the tendon remained severely abnormal and the tendon showed severely reduced elastic proprieties 60 days after lesion induction.
Canadian Continental-Scale Hydrology under a Changing Climate: A Review
Authors: Stadnyk Tricia , Déry Stephen
Published: March 2021

Canada, like other high latitude cold regions on Earth, is experiencing some of the most accelerated and intense warming resulting from global climate change. In the northern regions, Arctic amplification has resulted in warming two to three times greater than global mean temperature trends. Unprecedented warming is matched by intensification of wet and dry regions and hydroclimatic cycles, which is altering the spatial and seasonal distribution of surface waters in Canada. Diagnosing and tracking hydrologic change across Canada requires the implementation of continental-scale prediction models owing the size of Canada’s drainage basins, their distribution across multiple eco- and climatic zones, and the scarcity and paucity of observational networks. This review examines the current state of continental-scale climate change across Canada and the anticipated impacts to freshwater availability, including the role of anthropogenic regulation. The review focuses on continental and regional-scale prediction that underpins operational design and long-term resource planning and management in Canada. While there are significant process-based changes being experienced within Canadian catchments that are equally—if not more so—critical for community water availability, the focus of this review is on the cumulative effects of climate change and anthropogenic regulation for the Canadian freshwater supply.
Assessing the TSS Removal Efficiency of Decentralized Stormwater Treatment Systems by Long-Term In-Situ Monitoring
Authors: Lieske Christian , Leutnant Dominik , Uhl Mathias
Published: March 2021

Decentralized treatment of stormwater runoff from heavily polluted surface can be a good solution for effective source control. Decentralized stormwater treatment systems (DS) and test procedures to monitor their performance, have been developed in recent years. At present in Germany, only lab-based tests are officially established to determine the removal efficiency of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and in situ monitoring is still lacking. Furthermore, the fine fraction of TSS with particle sizes less than 63 µm (TSS63) have been established as a new design parameter in Germany, because of their substitute characteristics of adsorbing pollutant substances. For research and evaluation purposes continuous data of urban stormwater runoff quantity and quality at the in- and outflow of two different DS at two different sites were collected. Turbidity is used as a surrogate for TSS. Continuous turbidity data and time proportional sampling served to obtain (i) regression coefficients and (ii) to determine the TSS removal efficiency of DS. For a wide range of events the total removal efficiency of DS1 was 29% for TSS and 19% for TSS63 and for DS2 19% for TSS and 16% for TSS63. An event-based data analysis revealed a high variability of the efficiencies and its uncertainties. Moreover, outwash of still suspended or remobilization of already deposited material was observed at individual events. At both sites TSS63 dominates urban stormwater runoff as indicated by the mean ratios of TSS63 to TSS of 0.78 at the inflows and 0.89 at the outflows of both DS. A significant shift of TSS63 ratio from inflow to outflow demonstrates that TSS63 particles were removed less efficiently than coarser particles by DS1, for DS2 data was too heterogeny. It clarifies that common sedimentation methods can only contribute to a small extent to the reduction of solid emissions if the stormwater runoff contains mainly fine-particle solids. The findings suggest that treatment of urban stormwater runoff with high TSS63 pollution requires additional techniques such as a proper filtering to retain fine particles more effective.
Winter Zooplankton in a Small Arctic Lake: Abundance and Vertical Distribution
Authors: Dvoretsky Vladimir G. , Dvoretsky Alexander G.
Published: March 2021

Zooplankton assemblages are of great importance in aquatic food webs because they link lower (microplankton) and higher trophic levels (top predators). Small water bodies in the Arctic regions of Russia are less studied in winter because of severe ice conditions. For this reason, we analyzed the winter zooplankton community in Lake Kulonga (western coast of Kola Bay, Barents Sea). A total of 9 taxa were found in the samples. The total abundance varied from 200 to 1320 ind. m−3, averaging 705 ind. m−3. The total zooplankton biomass was 1.8–72.8 mg of wet mass m−3 with an average of 30 mg m−3. These parameters were lower than in other Russian Arctic and sub-arctic lakes in summer. Old copepodites of Cyclops spp. dominated the zooplankton community at deep-water stations in terms of the total abundance consisting of 24–33%. The copepod Macrocyclops albidus prevailed in terms of the total zooplankton biomass comprising 30–33% at deep-water stations while Cyclops scutifer and copepodites Cyclops spp. had the highest biomass at shallow water stations. Vertical distribution demonstrated different patterns at neighboring stations, probably as a result of differences in the density of fish predators.
Social sphere in Slovenia: current state and features of financing
Authors: Knyazev Yury
Published: March 2021

The article describes the functioning of the three sectors of the social sphere in Slovenia — the pension system, health care and social guardianship. The emphasis is on the financing of these systems and the current problems of their activities and further reform. An author’s vision of a new approach to financing the social sphere is proposed, not on an individual or joint basis, but on the basis of direct coverage of necessary expenditures from the state budget, which increases as social productivity increases, regardless of the number of workers employed in the economy.
Outsourcing of transport services at emergency medical stations in the regions of the Russian Federation: negative consequences of the introduction
Authors: Dovganenko Aleksandr
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of such a phenomenon as outsourcing at ambulance stations in the Russian Federation. Experiments on the introduction of ambulance outsourcing in different regions of Russia have been conducted for almost 10 years. The analysis of social and labor conflicts shows that the cases when these attempts were made without conflicts are isolated exceptions. This threatens the reliability of the organization of emergency medical care to the population and worsens the situation of ambulance workers.
Institute of social work as a promising tool for social dev
Authors: Kudryavtseva Maria
Published: March 2021

The article examines the relationship between the social policy of the state and the Institute of social work. Some foreign and domestic approaches to defi ning the essence of social work as a specifi c type of activity are presented. It is noted that at a specifi c historical stage, the prevailing directions of social work, models of social assistance and support are determined by the socio-economic situation in the country, the level of social development, and the socio-cultural context. It is emphasized that in the conditions of modern reality, there is a need to develop the Institute of social work and realize its potential.
Family destructive conflicts
Authors: Sukhov Anatoly
Published: March 2021

This article discusses a wide range of issues related to the problem of family destructive confl icts. It reveals various approaches to understanding the essence of family confl icts. At the same time, the article presents the author's defi nition of family destructive confl icts and their classifi cation. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between certain types of violence and specifi c destructive family confl icts. The article provides a fairly deep scientifi c interpretation of various types of family violence.
Experience working with dysfunctional families on the example of a municipal district — Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Khalilov Ruslan
Published: March 2021

The author of the article presents the experience of working with disadvantaged families on the example of the municipal district — Abzelilovsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It presents the main directions, forms and methods of working with disadvantaged families in rural areas. This material will be of interest to specialists of rural administration, a specialist in social work.
Formation of a healthy lifestyle as a factor in improving the quality of life of modern students in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Batanina Dinara , Tabakova Alyona
Published: March 2021

The problem of research is determined by the fact that in modern Russian society, the role of the main institutions and agents in the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students, the main of which are the universities themselves, today does not meet the challenges that arise in the field of research. Many social problems concerning the health of future specialists remain unsolved: there is no well-established system for managing the formation of a healthy lifestyle for students, and the level and quality of promoting a healthy lifestyle requires improvement.
Specifics of socio-political activity in the socio-economic sphere of public life
Authors: Baranova Galina
Published: March 2021

The article shows that the life of society is carried out by the implementation of social, economic, labor, spiritual (cultural), political processes and relations. Depending on the direction of implementation of self-initiative of citizens, the analysis of features and mutual influence of expression of socio-political activity in the main spheres of public life is carried out. The importance of active partnership between society and government in the socio-economic sphere for the development of a democratic state is considered in detail and justified.
TRANSVERSAL SUBJECTIVITY IN THE DIMENSIONS OF VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Yatsenko Olena
Published: March 2021

The modern development of technologies, both mass media and virtual reality, declare the mobility of the boundaries of private and public life. This fact proves the existence of a significant number of social networks, branding and image technologies, biometrics, and profiling of employees of high-tech corporations, big data technologies, cookies, and the Social Credit System in China. The scale of this phenomenon is explained by the collision of two trends which are oriented against each other: on the one hand, subjectivity seeks to maximize expression and self-presentation in cyberspace, and on the other hand, stakeholders, guided by economic, political, religious, and other motives use published information for pragmatic influence on subjectivity, first of all, manipulative one. The strategy of the morality of the virtual world provides a wide range of assessments: from identification with the Stoic principles of ataraxia and autarky to the accusations of irresponsibility, impersonality and escapism. Therefore, we consider it appropriate to define the modern type of actualization and representation of subjectivity as transversal, i. e. complex, contradictory, integrative and motivated by certain intentions and aspirations of the person.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF USING TEST CONTROL FOR CONDUCTING SUMMATIVE CERTIFICATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kukhar Liudmyla , Tarasenko Oleksandr
Published: March 2021

For the development of a good evaluation instrument, persons who are involved in the process should follow all the recommended stages (planning, test specification, piloting, removing redundant items).
The using of formative assessment in education allows us to conduct such tire as piloting (approbation) that is intended to obtain the statistical parameters of test items, which can be used in a summative assessment.
Correct design of test forms for a formative assessment can provide sufficient capabilities for their equating and linking.
In this work we are focused only on evaluating just one construct, which is commonly related to only one subject in university curriculum. According to this reason we described a common items equating technique for test items preequating.
Effects of a Virtual Physical Activity Program within the Context of Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santamaria-Guzman Keven , Rodriguez-Hernandez Mynor , Moncada-Jimenez Jose
Published: March 2021

To determine the effects of a virtual physical activity (PA) program in college students during social distancing due to COVID-19. 44 college students, male and female. Methods: Participants completed self-reported measures of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, weekly PA, and a short-survey of the educational experience during social distancing. Participants completed the instruments at baseline and after 10-weeks of an on-line virtual PA program. Increased overall PA (p = 0.040) and transportation PA (p = 0.004), leisure-time PA (p = 0.031) domains increased following the program. The sitting time increased following the intervention (p = 0.0001). Students who failed to comply with at least 150 min/week of PA reduced the frequency of positive emotions compared to those who complied (p = 0.017). Social distancing and daily college tasks seem to lessen the effect of PA on sedentary behavior in college students regardless of an increase in PA.
ПОМЕНИ ГРОБНОГ МЕСТА У ТЕСТАМЕНТИМА КОТОРАНА (1326–1337) REFERENCES TO BURIAL PLACES IN THE TESTAMENTS OF KOTOR CITIZENS (1326–1337)
Authors: Живковић Валентина
Published: March 2021

Апстракт: У раду ce разматрају помени гробног места у оквиру сачуваног корпуса тестамената Которана из времена од 1326. до 1337. године. Основни задатак рада јесте утврђивање заступљености ове врсте завештања у оквиру формалне и садржајне структуре легата ad pias causas, а потом и анализа избора гробног места са становишта ширег контекста фунерарне праксе у касносредњовековном Котору. Кључне речи: тестаменти, касносредњовековни Котор, гробно местo, легати ad pias causas, катедрала Светог Трипуна, фрањевачки манастир, prandium pro anima. Abstract: The paper examines references to burial places within the preserved corpus of testaments of Kotor citizens from 1326 to 1337. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the presence of this type of testaments within the formal and content structure of ad pias causas bequests, and to analyse the choice of burial places in a wider context of funerary practice in late medieval Kotor. Keywords: testaments, late medieval Kotor, burial place, ad pias causas bequests, Cathedral of Saint Tryphon, Franciscan convent, prandium pro anima.
ПЛАЋАЊЕ И НАГРАЂИВАЊЕ ДИПЛОМАТА ОБЛАСНИХ ГОСПОДАРА У БОСНИ PAYMENTS AND AWARDS OF DIPLOMATS OF LOCAL MAGNATES IN BOSNIA
Authors: Смиљанић Аранђел
Published: March 2021

Апстракт: У средњовјековном друштву издијељеном на оне који владају и ратују, на оне који су потчињени и раде, и на оне који се моле, вертикалну покретљивост тешко је било остварити. Једна од оних дјелатности које су омогућавале скок на друштвеној љествици била је и дипломатија, посебно за оне који су потицали из нижих друштвених слојева. Истина, дио дипломата био је властеоског поријекла, док је други потицао из трговачких или сеоских породица, те се својим знањем и способностима уздигао до првих савјетника или сарадника обласних господара у Босни. Први су имали властите приходе са својих имања или од других послова којима су се бавили. За разлику од њих, они други су кроз бављење дипломатијом стицали највећи дио својих прихода. Кроз овај рад аутор покушава одговорити на питања да ли су ти приходи били редовни или повремени, колики су они били, какве су биле награде и дарови и колики су удио имали у укупним приходима дипломата. Највећи дио овог рада чини навођење појединих примјера из оновремених историјских извора о поклонима урученим дипломатима. Дио рада посвећен је награђивању дипломата за учињене услуге, као и обећањима да ће бити награђени ако обаве послове који иду у корист друге стране у преговорима. У посљедњем дијелу рада аутор саопштава сазнања о материјалном богатству појединих дипломата. Кључне речи: дипломати, обласни господари, Босна, Дубровник, Венеција, плаћање, дарови, награде, обећања, преговори, материјално богатство. Abstract: Vertical mobility was hard to achieve in the medieval society divided into those who ruled and participated in warfare, those who were subjugated and worked, and those who prayed. Diplomacy, particularly for those originating from lower social strata, was also one of activities that enabled a person to climb the social ladder. Truly, some diplomats were of noble origin, while some came from merchant or rural families, and with their knowledge and capabilities they rose to become the first advisers or associates of local magnates in Bosnia. The former had own income from their own estates or other activities they dealt with. In contrast to them, the latter obtained the major part of their income through diplomacy. In this paper, the author attempts to answer the questions as to whether such income was regular or occasional, to determine its amount and the types of awards and gifts, and ascertain its share in total earnings of diplomats. The major part of this paper consists of examples from the then historical sources about the gifts given to diplomats. A part of the paper examines the awards presented to diplomats for rendered services, and analyses the promises that they would be awarded if they performed activities benefiting the other negotiating party. In the final part of the paper, the author presents knowledge about the material wealth of some diplomats. Keywords: diplomats, local magnates, Bosnia, Dubrovnik, Venice, payments, gifts, awards, promises, negotiations, material wealth.
ОКОЛНОСТИ ИЗГРАДЊЕ ВЕЛИКЕ ЦРКВЕ МАНАСТИРА САВИНА У БОКИ КОТОРСКОЈ 18. ВЕКА
CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE SAVINA MONASTERY BIG CHURCH WAS CONSTRUCTED IN THE BAY OF KOTOR IN THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors: Матић Марина
Published: March 2021

Апстракт:

У тексту се бавимо током изградње Велике цркве манастира Савина (1777–1797), важним центром духовности православних Боке Которске у 18. веку. Борба православних Срба за очување идентитета, у компликованим историјским околностима и под млетачком влашћу, у многоме је зависила од оваквих духовних упоришта. На основу необјављене архивске грађе, омогућено нам је да стекнемо увид у живот и активности, стремљења и проблеме локалне заједнице, те околностима које су пратиле Савинце током дводеценијског настојања да подигну нову цркву Успења Богородичиног. Уједно стичемо увид и у шира сагледавања односа, веза, потреба, политичких и црквених прилика унутар ширег локалног подручја у времену већ увелико малаксале Млетачке републике.

Кључне речи:

манастир Савина, Велика црква, Трошковник из 1777, Бока Которска, млетачка власт, 18. век.
HUBUNGAN LATAR BELAKANG BUDAYA KELUARGA DENGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM PENCEGAHAN PRIMER HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WINDUSENGKAHAN KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Firmansyah Ronny Suhada
Published: March 2021

Kementerian Kesehatan menyatakan bahwa di Indonesia terjadi peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Kabupaten Kuningan merupakan wilayah dengan prevalensi hipertensi terbanyak di Indonesia. Kasus hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang termasuk sepuluh penyakit terbesar selama tiga tahun di seluruh Puskesmas di Kabupaten Kuningan termasuk Puskesmas Windusengkahan yang memiliki catatan kenaikan hipertensi tiga tahun terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan dukungan keluarga dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi pada di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan Kabupaten Kuningan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif analitik korelasional. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah anggota keluarga usia dewasa baik pria maupun wanita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan yang memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi dan memiliki minimal dua faktor dari risiko hipertensi yang bertempat tinggal bersama keluarga. Pengambilan sampel di setiap kelurahan dalam pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan ini menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara latar belakang budaya keluarga dengan dukungan keluarga dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi. Kesimpulan perawat komunitas sebaiknya mengembangkan suatu strategi yang dapat lebih meningkatkan keluarga dalam memberikan dukungan dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi. Keluarga menjadi faktor penting bagi anggota keluarga dalam pemeliharaan kesehatannya khususnya pada pencegahan primer hipertensi.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI PADA PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DI PUSKESMAS SUNYARAGI KOTA CIREBON TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sudirman Rany Muliany , Herdiana Rina
Published: March 2021

Alat kontrasepsi (KB) memiliki berbagai macam jenis metode dengan kekurangan dan kelebihan dalam penggunaannya. Dukungan suami sangat diperlukan karena dapat memberikan motivasi dan kenyamanan dalam memilih alat kontrasepsi. Dari 10 orang ibu akseptor KB di Kelurahan Sunyaragi RT/RW 02/03 Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon, diketahui bahwa 8 dari 10 ibu menggunakan KB atas sepengetahuan suaminya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan suami terhadap pemilihan metode kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon Tahun 2020.

Jenis penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian  ini adalah 1.033 pasangan usia subur yang menjadi akseptor di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon  Tahun 2020. Teknik sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive Sampling, dengan rumus slovin didapat jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 43 orang. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan kuesioner serta handphone sebagai alat bantu berkomunikasi dengan para responden. Uji analisis yang dipakai uji chi Square.

Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa lebih dari separuh responden mendapat dukungan yang positif dari suami (51,2%). Hampir sebagian responden memilih kontrasepsi pil KB (39,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat dengan chi-square diperoleh p value=0,004.

Simpulan penelitian, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan suami dengan pemilihan metode kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kota Cirebon Tahun 2020. Saran agar suami memberikan support kepada istri dalam pemilihan metode kontrasepsi yang tepat.
Representaciones transtextuales y heterolingües (para la memoria) en la novela Manu Militari [(Memoriarako) errepresentazio transtestualak eta heterolinguistikoak Manu militari eleberrian]
Authors: Gandara Sorarrain Ana , Ibarluzea Santisteban Miren
Published: March 2021

Este artículo analiza el relato memorístico en la novela Manu militari (1987), en la que J. A. Arrieta narra las vivencias de una joven generación vasca en su paso del franquismo al post-franquismo. Se describe el desarrollo del campo literario y traductológico vasco entre 1975 y 1990, en cuanto moldea el habitus del autor y se representa ficcionalmente en la novela analizada. Además, se analizan los recursos narrativos empleados para el ejercicio memorístico: la transtextualidad y el heterolingüismo. Se parte de la teoría de los campos de Bourdieu, de la teoría de la transtextualidad de Genette, de las tendencias de investigación del «giro ficcional» en los estudios de traducción y de los planteamientos del imaginario heterolingüe de Suchet.
Atarikoa/Prefacio
Authors: Fernández Fernández Beatriz , Berro Urrizelki Ane
Published: March 2021

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IDENTIFIKASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN PADA AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI COFFEE SHOP KAWAI KOFIE SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Ahnaf Muhammad Khosyi
Published: March 2021

Masyarakat seolah menjadikan coffee shop sebagai tempat untuk melakukan berbagai hal, baik sekedar mengobrol atau mengerjakan tugas bersama-sama, bahkan menghabiskan waktu berjam-jam bertukar fikiran dan informasi di coffee shop. Pendidikan dalam visi global perlu mempersiapkan peserta didik menjadi warga global yang bertanggung jawab dan mampu menjadi agen perubahan (agent of change) dalam memerangi ketidakadilan sebagai dampak negatif globalisasi. Inovasi-inovasi dalam pembelajaran IPS telah dilakukan melalui eksplorasi sumber belajar IPS dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal. Potensi lokal dalam pembelajaran IPS bisa dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan potensi lingkungan sekitar, sehingga peserta didik mampu mewujudkan kesadaran sosial menuju masyarakat demokratis dan bertanggung jawab.
Neocolonialismo epistemológico en las Ciencias Sociales del Perú del siglo XXI
Authors: Cáceres-Bejarano Héctor
Published: March 2021

The epistemological neocolonialism in Peru, and particularly in the social sciences, such as archaeology, anthropology, history and sociology, is manifested from its origins and introduction. This is because they are the effect of the work of different foreign researchers who studied our cultural and social reality as well as archaeological and historical. Thus, the development of our sciences is reproduced from the scientific and technological advances from the scientific and cultural centers in the USA and Europe. This has not changed much to this day, since our academic establishment resorts to different means of cultural exchange to access the latest advances and then reproduce them in our country. However, this also implies ways of thinking and acting, systems of beliefs and values, which have been adopted from the new dominant cultural and value approaches, thus exercising or reproducing new forms of cultural neocolonialism.