bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Plant-Based Diet Indices and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Chen Zhangling , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Li Yanping , Baden Megu Y. , Manson JoAnn E. , Willett Walter C. , Voortman Trudy , Hu Frank B. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1986–2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991–2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years with the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We pooled results of the three cohorts using meta-analysis.

RESULTS

We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for initial BMI and initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12–23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR, PDI 1.12 [95% CI 1.05, 1.20], hPDI 1.23 [1.16, 1.31]). Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7–9% lower risk (PDI 0.93 [0.91, 0.95], hPDI 0.91 [0.87, 0.95]). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0–35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk.
Importancia atribuida en la Región Oriental de El Salvador a las competencias en administración de empresas consideradas por Tuning Latinoamérica
Authors: Iglesias Reyes Emilio Arnoldo , Chang López Roberto Enrique
Published: January 2021

El mundo del trabajo ha estado experimentando cambios debido a la globalización y al desarrollo tecnológico, lo que ha provocado en los profesionales la necesidad de estar interconectados e interdependientes. A esta situación se ha sumado la pandemia de covid-19, que ha exigido potenciar las competencias en el uso de plataformas virtuales y digitales para el trabajo en la modalidad no presencial o a distancia. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una metodología para evaluar la pertinencia del plan de estudio de la carrera de Administración de Empresas y la congruencia de las competencias que adquieren los graduados con respecto a las percepciones de los grupos de interés en la Región Oriental de El Salvador.

Se trata de una investigación en la episteme positivista de la ciencia, con un enfoque con énfasis en el paradigma cuantitativo en la que participaron graduados entre los años 2010-2015, docentes y empresarios, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario adaptado del Proyecto Tuning América Latina para determinar la importancia que confieren a las competencias genéricas para generar empleabilidad o capacidad de emprendimiento en los graduados en las condiciones del entorno laboral. El cuestionario aplicado fue sometido a pruebas para determinar si su diseño permitía un nivel de confiabilidad aceptable para recabar los datos que serían procesados estadísticamente y obtener la información para corroborar las hipótesis de la investigación. Los resultados demuestran una alta confiabilidad y validez con los estadísticos de alfa de Cronbach y de KMO de la metodología propuesta. La hipótesis nula de la prueba Kruskal-Wallis no se rechaza, lo que significa que los planes de estudio de la licenciatura en Administración están alineados según las percepciones de los empresarios, docentes y egresados. Como conclusión, la metodología propuesta puede servir de referencia para realizar estudios similares en diferentes contextos de la región con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para adaptar los planes de estudio de las carreras universitarias a sus respectivos entornos empresariales, los cuales son cada vez más dinámicos y demandantes.
Relaciones de poder en tareas de co-enseñanza: un estudio de casos entre pares de profesores en Chile
Authors: Inostroza Inostroza Fabián Andrés
Published: January 2021

En Chile, la coenseñanza ha sido planteada como una medida eficaz desde las políticas de inclusión para mejorar la calidad de los aprendizajes de todos los estudiantes, en especial para favorecer los procesos educativos de niños que presentan dificultades de aprendizaje. No obstante, las investigaciones existentes hasta el momento sobre este fenómeno solo se han centrado en describir e identificar barreras y facilitadores en el trabajo docente en conjunto, sin problematizar las relaciones de poder que emergen cuando los educadores laboran en parejas. Por ende, el objetivo de esta investigación es conocer —desde una perspectiva analítica foucaultiana— las relaciones de poder presentes en las tareas de coenseñanza entre dos duplas de profesores en su trabajo pedagógico cotidiano. Metodológicamente, se optó por desarrollar un estudio de casos con enfoque etnográfico para detectar la presencia de relaciones asimétricas de poder relacionadas, en primer lugar, con los saberes o el saber-poder que cada uno de los profesionales ejerce para legitimar su estatus como experto de la enseñanza o como especialista en inclusión y dificultades del aprendizaje. En segundo lugar, se evidencia una disputa por el espacio y la autoridad dentro del aula regular. En concreto, se percibe un ejercicio de poder a favor de los profesores de educación primaria, por lo que las educadoras diferenciales quedaron situadas al margen de la participación en la sala de clases.
Are Self-rated Health, Native Finnish Friends and Having Children under School Age Associated with Employment?
Authors: Airila Auli , Väänänen Ari , Toivanen Minna , Koskinen Aki , Skogberg Natalia , Castaneda Anu
Published: January 2021

In Western countries, entry into the labour market is difficult for humanitarian migrants, especially women. The aim of our study was to examine the association of health, native Finnish friends and having under school-age children with employment among humanitarian migrants.The data were drawn from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study. The sample comprised 479 migrants of Kurdish and Somali origin (men n=248; women n=231). We analysed the associations of self-rated health, having Finnish friends and under school age children with employment using multinomial regression modelling.After adjustment for several well-established determinants of employment, having Finnish friends and good health were robustly associated with employment among women. In the age-adjusted model, having 3–6 years old children was related to lower employment among women, but after all adjustments, the association became nonsignificant. All these associations were nonsignificant among male migrants.To conclude, good health and bridging social relations with natives play a role in strengtheningemployment opportunities among female humanitarian migrants.
Assessment of Innovative Development of the Region Based on Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Maslikhina Veronika Yuryevna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the paper is to determine the posi-tion of the Mari El Republic among the EU countries on innovative development. The study analyzes the innovation process in the field of R&D, high-tech sectors and digital society based on comparative analysis. A system of innovative development indi-cators has been developed. It includes three groups of indicators: R&D, innovation and conditions for the digitalization of the economy and society. The rating of innovative development has been built, which includes 28 EU countries, Russia and the Mari El Republic. The linear convolution of indicators is used to construct this rating. The position of the republic in the rating was determined and a compar-ative analysis of the Mari El Republic and the EU countries was carried out in terms of innovative de-velopment indicators. European countries have been identified that are comparable to the Mari El Repub-lic in terms of innovative development. Comparative analysis revealed good performance in R&D, as well as good human capacity and educational level of the population in the republic. There is a significant underfunding of science and innovation in the re-public compared to the European level. The dynam-ics of innovative development in the Mari El Repub-lic is insufficient for the innovation factor to become significant for its socio-economic development.
Improving the Methodological Foundations for Assessing the Business Activity of Commercial Organizations
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry  and Technologies, Shanin Igor Igorevich
Published: January 2021

In modern science, a sufficient number of studies have been focused on investigating the business activity of commercial organizations. However, now-adays there is no single established approach to the study of scientific and practical and theoretical and applied research of problems and practice of im-proving the methodology for assessing the busi-ness activity of commercial organizations, taking into account the necessary set of assessment indi-cators. According to Russian and foreign research-ers, the analysis of the business activity of commer-cial organizations should be carried out both by industry and by economic characteristics. Within the framework of this research, done on the territory of the Voronezh region, the business activity of com-mercial organizations engaged in the field of furni-ture production was analyzed. Three types of its components have been identified as industrial, technological and effective. The methodology for the study of business activity using the example of furniture industrial business entities was integrated with the method of the arithmetic mean value of chain business activity indices. It made it possible to ensure the minimum calculation error, which con-tributed to an increase in the efficiency of assessing the business activity of industrial sector partici-pants. The paper discusses the methodology for assessing the business activity of commercial or-ganizations engaged in the production and sale of furniture products.
The Concept of Developing Forms of Strategic Partnership within the Framework of International Cooperation and Integration of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Ostrovskiy Vladislav Igorevich
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the concept of development of forms of international strategic partnership of busi-ness structures. The involvement of small and me-dium-sized businesses in the processes of interna-tional cooperation and integration in modern Russia is recognized as an important state task. The rele-vance of the issue is confirmed by the fact that in-ternational cooperation and integration are a prom-ising form of economic activity that can significantly reduce the impact of crisis phenomena in the econ-omy on small and medium-sized businesses. How-ever, the practical use of cooperation and integra-tion in the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses is hampered by uncertain-ty in the choice of specific forms of strategic part-nership. The developed comparative characteristics of forms of strategic partnership in the process of international cooperation and integration from the point of view of the conditions of applicability and requirements for infrastructure will expand the pos-sibilities of their practical application. The obtained results can be used in selecting the optimal form of partnership for small and medium-sized businesses in each specific case.
COVID-19 as a Determinant of the Growth of Organized Crime
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry  of the Interior of Russia, Bondar Mariya Mikhaylovna , Zhukova Sofiya Sergeyevna ,   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry  of the Interior of Russia
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of new types of crimes that have appeared and are growing rapidly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is well known that organized crime quickly navigates the social envi-ronment and makes a profit from various life situa-tions, successfully using the shortcomings, gaps and conflicts in the current legislation, the latest technology achievements, etc. The authors of the paper emphasize that, despite the close researchers’ attention to the problem of organized crime, some topical issues require additional consideration, in-cluding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the methods used for committing crimes and the organized criminal groups. In the final part of the study, some recommendations are given on combat-ing organized crime, taking into account modern realities.
El papel de la interacción en la expresión de sujetos pronominales de segunda persona
Authors: Orozco Leonor
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio describe la alternancia en la expresión (expresión vs. omisión) de sujetos pronominales de segunda persona singular (tú y usted) en datos del español de la Ciudad de México. La selección de estos pronombres se debe a que son parte del sistema de tratamientos y se asume que el hecho de ser empleados para dirigirse al interlocutor favorece su expresión. Por esta razón se realiza un análisis sociolingüístico en el que se incluyen dos factores relacionados con la interacción: la estructura de los turnos de habla y el discurso directo. Los resultados muestran que la toma de turno propicia la expresión de sujetos referenciales de segunda persona singular, dado que en este contexto permiten apelar al interlocutor y estructurar la conversación. Sin embargo, contrario a lo esperado, no es evidente que la necesidad de reproducir la estructura dialógica en las narraciones en discurso directo propicie su expresión. Asimismo, se muestra que cuando los sujetos de segunda persona tienen una interpretación genérica no responden a estas restricciones.
A Systematic Comparative Analysis of Clustering Techniques
Authors: Gupta Satinder Bal , Yadav Rajkumar , Gupta Shivani
Published: January 2021

Clustering has now become a very important tool to manage the data in many areas such as pattern recognition, machine learning, information retrieval etc. The database is increasing day by day and thus it is required to maintain the data in such a manner that useful information can easily be extracted and used accordingly. In this process, clustering plays an important role as it forms clusters of the data on the basis of similarity in data. There are more than hundred clustering methods and algorithms that can be used for mining the data but all these algorithms do not provide models for their clusters and thus it becomes difficult to categorise all of them. This paper describes the most commonly used and popular clustering techniques and also compares them on the basis of their merits, demerits and time complexity.
Survey on Risk Classification in Agile Software Development Projects in Latvia
Authors: Ņikiforova Oksana , Babris Kristaps , Kristapsons Jānis
Published: January 2021

Software development method, which does not have any faults or gaps in project implementation, has not been elaborated so far. Due to this reason, the authors have decided to perform this study to make it easier for the companies, which use one of the agile development methods, to better foresee potential risks and to deal with their consequences. The aim of the research is to identify and classify risks in agile software development methods and the related projects based on the obtained survey data. To achieve the goal, the authors have developed evaluation criteria, as well as implemented practical questionnaire in various software development companies. From the obtained survey data, the risks are classified according to various factors, i.e., the changing highest and lowest priorities and needs in various projects. Thus, the obtained research results can be applied in various areas of project development, changing the order of priority factors.
Definition and Validation of the Subset of SCORM Requirements for the Enhanced Reusability of Learning Content in Learning Management Systems
Authors: Petrovica Sintija , Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Kikans Andris
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, interoperability of learning management systems is still not very high. The authoring tools can help transfer e-learning content between different learning management systems. However, in this context, they should be able to produce learning content that is compliant with some industry standards. One of the most widely used standards is the SCORM 1.2 release. The research addresses the extension of the functionality of the previously developed content development tool EMMA by incorporating into it the support for the subset of SCORM 1.2 requirements. The paper describes the process of the acquisition, implementation, and validation of the defined requirements. Moreover, it presents the results of the analysis of 33 SCORM authoring tools and 16 SCORM players.
Quality assurance in Irish schools: Inspection and school self-evaluation
Authors: McNamara Gerry , O’Hara Joe , Brown Martin , Quinn Irene
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of school inspection in Ireland over the past twenty years using the analytic and critical lens developed by Richard Boyle in partnership with the current authors. The paper is fundamentally a reflection on the nature, purpose and operation of evaluation in the Irish public sector through the lens of education. The paper provides a historical overview of developments in the linked areas of school evaluation and inspection, and goes on to explore how the implementation of this mode of quality assurance has influenced, and been influenced by, a wide range of policy actors. The argument made is that education has embedded a culture of evaluation in a unique yet systemically resonant manner and that a reflection on this reality will help illuminate our understanding of the role of evaluation across the public sector as a whole.
EGA for a Convective Regime Over a Vertical Cylinder Stretching Linearly
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Yadav Kusum
Published: January 2021

This article offers an analysis of entropy generated in mixed convection due to a vertical stretching cylinder placed in heat-generating fluid-saturated porous medium. The governing system of partial differential equations is subjected to a similarity transformation that results in boundary value problem (BVP) comprising ordinary differentials. The BVP solved numerically by Runge-Kutta integration scheme supplemented with shooting method provides momentum and thermal regimes which are readily exploited to enumerate entropy. The entropy distribution is traced and analysed for various parameters’ values.
Utilization of Ozone for the Improvement of Mentha piperita L. Quality by Reduction of Microbial Load and Impact of the Process on the Herb Properties
Authors: Antos Piotr , Piechowiak Tomasz , Tereszkiewicz Krzysztof , Balawejder Maciej
Published: January 2021

Herbs can be contaminated with microorganisms, which affects their quality while increasing the risk of food poisoning. Thus, there is a need for efficient decontamination techniques. In this study, the microbial load was reduced in peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 60 minutes. The quality of the ozonated herb was assessed by the determination of microbial load and essential oils content. Total microbial content was reduced by 4 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms whereas the contamination with molds was reduced from 10.07 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms to zero. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the herb aroma was conducted. These characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatment. Therefore, ozone can be used to improve the peppermint herb quality by reduction of the microbial contamination of peppermint herb while having no adverse effect on the herb aroma.
Exploring in Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Selected Under-Exploited Tropical Fruits
Authors: Jolayemi Olusola Samuel , Olanrewaju Olufunke Janet , Ogunwale Oluwamayowa
Published: January 2021

Dacryodes edulis (DE), Dalium guineensis (DG), Spondias mombin (SM) and Irvingia gabonensis (IG) as notable underexploited tropical wild fruits in Nigeria, were evaluated for quality characteristics, phenolic contents and in-vitro antioxidant activity. pH of the fruits ranked thus DE > IG > DG > SM and the reverse order was true for acidity. IG exhibited highest obrix, vitamin C and total sugar content. DE had no detectable reducing sugar compared to 18.84% in IG. Total phenol and flavonoid contents followed the same pattern with DG as the highest (1796.89 ± 71.1 and 860.64 ± 3.7 mg/100g) and IG as the lowest (454.23 ± 13.9 and 304.98 ± 7.5 mg/100g), respectively. Regarding antioxidant activities, SM was significant for ABTS•, DE and IG were similar in FRAP assay, while all the fruits were effective DPPH• radical scavengers. Generally, the fruits demonstrate high food application potentials with possible health benefits if consumed adequately.
Mathematical Modelling of the Mechanical Properties of Four Varieties of Brine Pickles Using Neural Networks
Authors: Pentoś Katarzyna , Migut Dagmara , Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef
Published: January 2021

The study assesses the impact of selected fruit properties and the souring process parameters on the mechanical properties of four varieties of field cucumbers (Śremianin, Śremski, Polan and Izyd) harvested from 2014 to 2016. The analyses focused on the changes in the values of the puncture strength parameters of the peel and the mesocarp, the deformation from the moment of puncture and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp of the selected cucumber varieties relative to the year of harvest, fruit size, type of brine, puncture location and souring time. Neural networks were used to model the relationships studied. Sensitivity analysis of the obtained models showed that the length fraction had the greatest impact on the puncture strength and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp. On the other hand, deformation was most affected by the souring time and the brine composition.
A meta-analysis of genotype × environment interaction on sugar beet performance
Authors: Fasahat Parviz , Aghaeezadeh Mohsen , Kakueinezhad Mozhdeh , Jabbari Leila
Published: January 2021

The evaluation of sugar beet genotypes under different climate conditions is a principal goal of breeding programs. In most studies, environment has a high influence on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet. Therefore, data collected from different environments may contribute to more accurate genotype selection. In this study, the effect of different environments on sugar beet genotypes’ performance was evaluated using a meta-analysis method based on Hedges’ technique. Data were collected from 149 trials conducted in twelve regions in Iran over 15 years (2003–18). For all trials, the value of the traits was weighted, and subsequently the effect size, reaction ratio and confidence interval were estimated. Among the studied environments, Khoy had a positive effect on root yield, sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield. As could be expected, the effect of environment on final yield formation was high, so that the Shiraz environment had a negative effect on root yield and sugar yield. Overall, the ranking of environments based on the meta-analysis results was quite different from that obtained by comparison of mean results.
Public Funding in a Time of Crisis: Film Funds and the Pandemic
Authors: Noonan Caitriona
Published: January 2021

This essay will examine the role of publicly-funded film funds in small nations during the pandemic. Organisation like Det Danske Filminstitut, Hrvatski Audiovizualni Centar, Screen Scotland and Screen Ireland exist to support filmmakers in the realisation of their creative vision, to aid the circulation of national cultural resources and to provide audiences with the opportunity to access a diverse array of films. In small nations they are often the primary source of funding to the sector and so play a key role in building the capacity and international visibility of the nation and its film output.

This contribution to the special issue will identify trends in the funding and support provided by these organisations during the crisis; for instance, in adjusting their funding strategies, but also in their advocacy efforts with those beyond the film sector to secure financial support measures for the sector. It identifies future roles for film funds including redistributing limited public funds, supporting creative labour markets that are sustainable and equitable, and communicating the message to international productions, potential co-producers and investors that the country and its sector is open for business. I conclude by also reflecting on the long-term threats that these bodies may themselves face in the coming years as a result of economic and political transformations that are occurring today.
Factors Determining the Survival of New Companies
Authors: Cegiełka Marlena
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the determinants of the survival of new companies, with particular emphasis on their sources of financing. We have analysed the impact of experience in the same focal industry, of having a competitive advantage and intellectual property rights (patents and trademarks) and of debt financing on the probability of a start-up's survival, using a logit model based on the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) database data covering 4,928 American companies which operated from 2004 to 2011. Additionally, we can demonstrate that start-ups that use debt financing have a better chance of staying in business. Factors such as intellectual capital and competitive advantage are also positively correlated with the prospects for start-up survival.
Are Mountain Areas Attractive for Investments? The Case of the Alpine Provinces in Italy
Authors: Musolino Dario , Silvetti Alessia
Published: January 2021

In the increasing territorial competition to attract productive investments in the age of globalization, mountain areas have a role to play, if they wish to find new (exogenous) resources to diversify their economy and to develop sustainably in the future. This means that they have either to be, or to become attractive. Attractiveness for investments is an issue rarely studied with respect to mountain areas. This paper casts light on the attractiveness of the Italian Alpine provinces, using quantitative and qualitative data coming from a research on the stated locational preferences of entrepreneurs in Italy. According to the findings, it is not said that mountain areas are unattractive, due to their characteristics in terms of physical geography and accessibility. Instead, a different perspective on geography itself (Alpine areas bordering with foreign countries), and the role of the government, can make even marginal areas like mountain areas rather attractive for investments. Therefore, policy-makers should identify and strengthen all possible locational advantages that can strengthen the attractiveness of these areas.
The Risk of Losing Deserted Medieval Rural Settlements: Opportunities for Agroturism and Rural Development
Authors: May Daniel E.
Published: January 2021

A significant number of deserted medieval rural settlements have been identified in Europe. These sites are at risk of disappearance as a consequence of current urban development and cropping intensification implying that relevant features of the cultural landscape informing about past rural traditions in the European countryside may be lost. The objective of this article is to illustrate this fact by means of a case study consisting of a deserted medieval rural upland settlement in Wales. A field walk carried out in this site revealed that old rural traditions and past ways of living can be identified from its own bodily engagement with the surrounding landscape. This evidence is used to argue that strategies that involve personal experience of deserted medieval rural settlements such as agroturism may be implemented to protect these sites and the cultural information contained in them.
General and Specific: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Project Processes and Management Methods
Authors: Kozarkiewicz Alina
Published: January 2021

The main aim of the paper is to investigate and discuss the influence of digital transformation (DT) on the processes, tools, and outcomes of project management. It seems to be accepted that not only has the digital economy a great impact on the technologies used, but it affects the transition of strategies, business models, structures, or competences. The objective of the research demonstrated in this paper was to identify the main dimensions and scope of the impact of DT on the area of project management. The conclusions as to the multidimensionality of this impact were drawn on the basis of empirical investigations conducted on a sample of around a hundred of project managers and on the analyses of their perception of the most important aspects of DT. The crucial themes, as well as the advantages and barriers of DT, were discussed briefly.
Qualitative reappraisal of perspectives, prevalence, and management of family violence among the Yoruba people: a study of representatives of some Yoruba ethnic subgroups from Ile Ife
Authors: Irinoye Omolola , Ogunlade Oluwasayo Bolarinwa
Published: January 2021

Objective

The analysis of changing definitions and perspectives of violating behaviors within cultural contexts will inform the responses and interventions that will mostly reduce the occurrences of family violence.

Methods

This study used focus group discussions of purposively selected participants to generate data that were analyzed using content with themes of definition, perspectives, prevalent forms, persons mostly affected, perpetrators, and management strategies among the Yoruba people.

Results

There were multiple words and descriptions in the local Yoruba language for abuse and violence, but no single word for either of the two concepts. Common forms of family violence identified were verbal assaults from parents to children, among couples, siblings, physical assault of children by parents, physical assault of parents by children, neglect of children, parents, spouses mostly wives, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Neglect of wives and children was perceived to be increasing, occurring in one in four houses. Sexual harassment and sexual violence were perceived to be rare, but the latter not an issue in marriage. A variant of sexual “touching” said to be tolerated with unmarried young people was identified as common among this ethnic group. Age and gender were dominant factors in the use of common forms of violence. Informal approaches were methods of management of family violence but perceived inadequate.

Conclusions

This study concluded that family violence is a common phenomenon occurring among family members. Hence, formal acceptable interventions that will be appropriate for this ethnic subgroup are required.
Dendrochronological dating of St. George’s Orthodox Church in Drohobych, Ukraine
Authors: Krąpiec Marek , Szychowska-Krąpiec Elżbieta , Tymoshenko Leonid , Myska Roman
Published: January 2021

St. George’s Orthodox Church in Drohobych is a wooden monument of sacral architecture, recently registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, clear, unequivocal written sources about the origins of the structure are lacking. Absolute dating was attempted with the dendrochronological method, and it was carried out in a noninvasive way due to the status and value of the object. Construction elements of the church were documented with over 40 macrophotographs. The studies were made for selected elements, displaying distinct perpendicular or tangential cross sections. Most of the elements examined represented fir wood. It turned out that the wood used for the construction of this church was contemporaneous and most likely represented a single construction phase. The 124-year chronology based on correlated curves covers the period 1464–1598 AD. Construction elements with the outermost rings retained indicate that the timber was harvested in the 1590s. In most cases, the outermost rings were lacking, which allowed only for dating terminus post quem. The youngest preserved rings (1598 AD) from the church wood apparently reveal the dates of both the wood harvesting and the structure’s construction. Such a dating may indicate that the church mentioned in the sources as purchased in Nadiyevo in 1657 AD could be the basis for the rebuilding of Drohobych St. George’s Orthodox Church, only adapted to the new conditions. The church later underwent renovation, consisting in reconstruction of the dome in 1821 AD.
Part of Speech Tagging Using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Bărbulescu Adrian , Morariu Daniel I.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a wide range of models based on less adaptive and adaptive approaches for a PoS tagging system. These parameters for the adaptive approach are based on the n-gram of the Hidden Markov Model, evaluated for bigram and trigram, and based on three different types of decoding method, in this case forward, backward, and bidirectional. We used the Brown Corpus for the training and the testing phase. The bidirectional trigram model almost reaches state of the art accuracy but is disadvantaged by the decoding speed time while the backward trigram reaches almost the same results with a way better decoding speed time. By these results, we can conclude that the decoding procedure it’s way better when it evaluates the sentence from the last word to the first word and although the backward trigram model is very good, we still recommend the bidirectional trigram model when we want good precision on real data.
Searching, Learning, Gaming - Engaging students with Europeana’s digital archives
Authors: Roiu Cristina Ioana
Published: January 2021

Mass digitisation of the collections held by cultural institutions -galleries, libraries, museums, archives, have made available a huge amount of historical, cultural, informational resources in digital format, which are more and more used in educational activities. This paper describes some innovative non- formal educational activities developed around the Europeana1914-1918 archive between 2014-2018, where searching in big digital archives, gaming and improving the digital skills were key aspects.
On topological soft sets
Authors: Kandemir M. Burç , Tanay B.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we have established topological soft sets over generalized topological spaces and topological spaces, and studied its structural properties. We have derived a topological soft set in any given topological space, and from this point of view, we have given necessary and sufficient condition for homeomorphic Alexandroff spaces using topological soft set technique. At last, we have derived a topological soft set using closed sets in any topological space and we have given necessary and sufficient condition for arbitrary homeomorphic topological spaces using them.
A stochastic approach to number of corona virus cases
Authors: Ünözkan H. , Yilmaz M. , Dere A.M.
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces a stochastic approach to case numbers of a pandemic disease. By defining the stochastic process random walk process is used. Some stochastic aspects for this disease are argued before stochastic study is started. During random walk process modeling new patients, recovering patients and dead conclusions are modelled and probabilities changes in some stages. Let the structure of this study includes vanishing process as a walk step, some wave happenings like big differences about spread speed as a big step in treatment- an effective vaccine or an influential chemical usage- a second corona virus pumping with virus mutation, a second global happening which bumping virus spread are defined as stages. This study only simulates a stochastic process of corona virus effects.
Double articulation in linguistics, semiotics, theory of arts and philosophy
Authors: Marcelli Miroslav
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with applications of the concept of double articulation in studies of linguistic and non‐linguistic phenomena. It traces extensions, shifts and corrections effected by the transition from linguistics to semiotics. Particular attention is payed to possibilities and problems that have arisen in theoretical reflections of paintings and music. An example of such analyses is Lévi‐Strauss’ study of artworks.
The levels of language problem management
Authors: Lanstyák István
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the question of levels of language problem management on the basis of the Language Management Theory as well as other approaches to language problem management. The aim is to contribute to bringing the theoretical basis of language problem management closer to the problem management theories in general. Within language problem management three levels of management are distinguished: 1. interactional level of small‐scale management of inadequacies; 2. supra‐interactional level of small‐scale management of metaproblems and 3. supra‐interactional level of large‐scale management of metaproblems. Inadequacies are individual instances of problems rising in concrete interactions and metaproblems are types of problems which can be identified suprainteractionally, by abstracting the idiosyncratic features of inadequacies. With the help of these concepts the difference between the Language Management Theory and other theories of problem management can be made more visible: Language Management Theory builds on the small‐scale management of inadequacies on interactional level, while other theories are based on the large‐scale management of metaproblems on suprainteractional level.
The study of electrohydrodynamic printing by numerical simulation
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Rui , Li Lu , Yin Zhifu , Chen Kai , Wang Dong Fang
Published: January 2021

EHD (Electrohydrodynamic) printing is a promising technique for alternative fabrication of highresolution micro- and nanostructures without employment of any molds or photo-masks However, the printing precision can be easily influenced by the printing conditions, such as applied voltage, printing distance (the distance between the nozzle tip and the substrate), and flow rate. Unfortunately, up to now there was no work which analyzed those influencing factors in-depth and systematically by theory and numerical simulation. In this paper, the theory of EHD printing was presented and the effect of applied voltage, printing distance, and flow rate on the width of printed line was analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulation results showed that the width of printed lines is proportional to printing distance, nozzle size, and flow rate. However, it is inversely proportional to the applied voltage.
Urban Features Identification from Dual-Pol SAR Images with Filter Properties
Authors: Kumar Aman , Kumar Deepak
Published: January 2021

There is no formal definition of feature identification but it depends on the application and context of the problem. This feature acts as primary elements for execution of several algorithms, hence feature identification is one of the significant steps for has been very interesting for several research groups. Various researchers have attempted in this regard for feature identification. The current work presents an approach for urban feature identification from satellite datasets for a detailed analysis of the features for better management of the resources. Several features based feature extraction approach has been attempted to identify the compare with statistical profiling. Microwave remote sensing is one of the significant methods of remote sensing to get the data where our optical sensors usually failed or less capable to provide accurate and timely sensed data. In today’s world, active remote sensing is one of the greatest technologies which is used widely in many application areas. Synthetic aperture radar is the main object to get the actively remote sensed images. Either it’s optical or microwave data, the satellite images has its many errors, in SAR, while receiving the reflected echoes from the target the trouble has occurred in the form of Speckle Noise in an image. In this paper, the focus is on about the Speckle Noise, SLC & GRD data, the filtered images performance with Boxcar and Median filter, degraded and preserving information of an image, reduce speckle noise effect of an image.
Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Loss Due to Urban Sprawl on Agricultural Land in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Vrublova Katerina
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on the ecosystem services which are provided by agriculture land and on the urban sprawl in the study area of municipality with extended powers Třebíč. The main focus of this article is to evaluate what ecosystem services are provided to Czech society by the agricultural land and assess their financial value and also evaluate which ecosystem services disappear or are limited due to urban sprawl on agricultural land. Generally, the topic of ecosystem services in agriculture comes under focus especially in view of the recurring drought in Europe and on-going climate change. Also the subject of urbanization and decreasing area available for agriculture is a wide-spread phenomena in Europe. The practical output of this paper will comprise of better insight on function and value of land under agriculture use which is lost due to urban development and raising the awareness amongst the society on the fast-growing trend of unsustainable urban sprawl.
What Triggers Poverty of Young Nationals and Young Migrants? A Comparative Macroeconomic Approach
Authors: Cimpoeru Smaranda
Published: January 2021

Identifying the macro-economic determinants of poverty is a key concern for developing poverty reduction policies. Since young people and young migrants in particular are more exposed to poverty, establishing the factors that trigger poverty among these social categories has even more relevance. A preliminary analysis shows that significant differences exist between at-risk-of poverty or social exclusion rate of young migrants and young nationals across European countries. For a more thorough study of the reasons behind these differences in poverty rates between young migrants and young nationals, two panel data regression models are estimated on a cross-section of 23 countries over the period 2010 – 2018 (one model for young migrants, the other for young nationals). Results confirm the main theories in the specialty literature: unemployment and inequality (measured by the Gini index) are the main triggers of poverty or social exclusion both for young nationals and young migrants. However, the income is significant for reducing poverty only for young nationals, but not for the young migrants. This result reinforces the necessity of better integration policies for young migrants in richer Member States.
Analysis of Pork Adulteration In Recycled Frying Oils Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghazali Haizatul Hadirah , Tukiran Nur Azira
Published: January 2021

Unscrupulous food business operators may use recycled frying oil to save costs. Of particular concern is the recycled frying oil is usually taken from nonhalal food premises which should not be used by halal food premises, and indeed may posing health treats to consumers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to analyse pork adulteration in recycled frying oils by using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples of frying oils from homemade fried pork, fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana were analyzed. Spiked samples were prepared by adding frying oil from homemade fried pork ranging from 10% to 50% (v/v) to frying oils from homemade fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana. The results found that Raman spectroscopy and PCA are able to differentiate adulterated frying oil and unadulterated frying oils. However, it could not distinguish the percentage of pork adulteration in the spiked samples. This method would beneficial to ensure food integrity in the frying oils.
Strategic Management in SMEs and Its Significance for Enhancing the Competitiveness in the V4 Countries - A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Gavurova Beata , Cepel Martin , Belas Jaroslav , Dvorsky Jan
Published: January 2021

The study’s main aim is to determine how the entrepreneurs in SMEs of the Visegrad Group (V4) perceive the strategic management process and how they manage strategic risks within it. The study also focuses on how a perception of examined determinants differs depending on business duration, management education and sex. The research was performed from 9/2019 to 4/2020 in the V4 countries by means of online questionnaire. The findings were interesting. SMEs’ business duration is a significant factor in evaluating the total structure of entrepreneurs’ attitudes to the following fact: firm’s strategic management is inevitable for corporate governance. Both SMEs’ business duration and educational attainment are significant factors in evaluating the total structure of entrepreneurs’ attitudes to the following fact: implementation of strategic management is required for day-to-day operations of a business. However, SMEs’ business duration, management education and sex do not influence managers’ attitudes to strategic management and strategic business risks. The results provide a valuable platform for the creators of national and regional strategic and development plans. Similarly, the results enable a creation of national and international benchmarking indicators in this area that would allow an improvement of the business environment and a creation of risk management systems, which are inevitable for SMEs.