bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the status of early Eucricetodontinae (Muroidea, Rodentia) with a special focus on the Atavocricetodon vs Eucricetodon issue: morphometrical and microstructural aspects
Authors: Gomes Rodrigues Helder , Marivaux Laurent , Vianey-Liaud Monique
Published: July 2020

Among the flourishing Muroidea, the Eucricetodontinae constitute the most diversified subfamily of the Eurasian Palaeogene. Early representatives, such as Atavocricetodon and Eucricetodon, are notably characterized by their simple and primitive dental morphology. As a result, it appears very difficult to discriminate these genera according to their dental morphology, and that is emphasized by their imprecise diagnosis. Here, we aim at challenging the taxonomic validity of Atavocricetodon, frequently considered as a grade of Eucricetodon. We chose to investigate the outline of first upper molars for four species of Atavocricetodon and seven of Eucricetodon, to avoid confusions made by their occlusal dental characters. The outline analysis involves samples of ten molars and was realized by using Elliptic Fourier Transforms. Incisor enamel microstructures were investigated as well in four species. Results revealed that if a significant difference exists between the global dental shape of Atavocricetodon and Eucricetodon, outline morphospaces of the considered species generally overlap as displayed by the multivariate analysis and the hierarchical clustering. This is partly explained by the high intrageneric shape variation, which might correspond to different Oligocene lineages of Eucricetodontinae. Such variation is also due to Atavocricetodon paaliense, which could rather belong to another genus, the pseudocricetontine Kerosinia. More generally, there is no real apomorphy which permits to distinguish these genera, because incisor enamel microstructure patterns are highly variable and a few types are shared by both genera. Atavocricetodon cannot thus be retained neither as a genus, nor as a morphosubgenus of Eucricetodon
Turtles from the middle Miocene (MN5) of Somosaguas (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Pérez-García Adán
Published: July 2020

The systematic study of the vertebrate taxa found in the Middle Aragonian fossil sites of Somosaguas (Madrid, Spain) has provided important information on one of the most diverse vertebrate assemblages recognized in the Middle Miocene of the Madrid Basin. Although the mammals are the most abundant and diverse taxa recognized in Somosaguas, other vertebrate groups are also represented there. Several elements assigned to turtles, hitherto unpublished, are recognized. Their analyses allow to identify them as belonging to two terrestrial taxa, both assigned to Testudinidae. One of them is attributed cf. Cheirogaster, taxon very common in the Spanish Aragonian sites, and specifically in the Madrid Basin. The other taxon is identified as cf. Paleotestudo, a genus not previously cited in this basin
European Goniopholididae from the Early Albian Escucha Formation in Ariño (Teruel, Aragón, Spain)
Authors: Buscalioni Ángela D , Alcalá Luis , Espílez Eduardo , Mampel Luis
Published: July 2020

Although goniopholidids constitute the most abundant remains of the Lower Cretaceous record of the Iberian Peninsula crocodilians, few specimens have been found complete enough to provide precise taxonomic determinations. The palaeontological site of Mina Santa María in Ariño (Teruel, Early Albian Escucha Formation) has yielded several neosuchian monotaxic concentrations. The skulls discovered at the Ariño Mine show a character combination linking them to the latter European species. The Ariño skulls share apomorphies with Anteophthalmosuchus hooleyi, Goniopholis willetti (e.g., loss of the transverse frontal crest and of the prefrontal-lachrymal crest, supratemporal fossa larger than the orbit and supratemporal fenestra subequal, among other derived characters). The new taxa, Hulkepholis plotos gen. n., sp. n. and Anteophthalmosuchus escuchae sp. n., are herein erected, and they constitute the most recent record of their clade in Europe. These sympatric species lived in a coastal marsh system with barrier islands and lagoon
On the importance of examining the relationship between shape data and biologically meaningful variables. An example studying allometry with geometric morphometrics
Authors: Marugán-Lobón Jesús , Blanco Miranda David , Chamero Beatriz , Martín Abad Hugo
Published: July 2020

Geometric morphometrics (GM) is a tool for the statistical analysis of shape on Cartesian landmark coordinates. However, because GM studies commonly focus on the description of morphological trends within shape space (or morphospace), the predictive power of multivariate statistics to understand morphological change remains underutilized. Here we show the protocols to study allometry in 3D with these tools on a postnatal growth series of the domestic chicken. We contrast three approaches: a ‘traditional’ one in which size variables are compared statistically, a Principal Components Analysis on size and shape scores (Procrustes form space), and a multivariate regression. In the latter approach we further used three different independent factors inherently related to ontogeny: skull centroid size, body weight, and age of the specimens. The results clearly stress the importance of studying shape change in relation to different causal factors (i.e., with regressions), demonstrating that, indeed, any independent variable or variables that make biological sense can be used to understand morphological change with GM
The Ventian mammal age (Latest Miocene): present state
Authors: Morales Jorge , Peláez-Campomanes Pablo , Abella Juan , Montoya Plinio , Ruíz Francisco J , Gibert Lluís , Scott Gary , Cantalapiedra Juan L , Sanisidro Óscar
Published: July 2020

The Ventian land mammal age includes most of the Spanish faunas assigned to the biochronologic unit MN 13. It is correlatable with the Messinian, although it may include, in its latest part, early Pliocene faunas. We propose that the Ventian begins with the first occurrence of the Muridae genus Stephanomys (7 Ma, paleomagnetic dating from El Bunker, Teruel basin), well recorded in Teruel basin, and ends with the appearance of Promimomys (ca. 5 Ma), also registered in the Teruel basin. We suggest a new reorganization of the Ventian. The first subdivision corresponds to the zone M (Dam et al., 2001). The second, zone N, is proposed here for the first time, being equivalent to the zone with Celadensia (Mein et al., 1990; Dam et al., 2006) plus the part of the zone with two Paraethomys (Dam et al., 2006) in which Celadensia has disappeared and still does not register Promimomys. The Ventian is now accurately recognized with quite precise boundaries and divisions, so that it can be easily recognized in the Iberian continental basins with Mio-Pliocene sediments allowing refined intra- and inter-basin correlations
Universality of clonal dynamics poses fundamental limits to identify stem cell self-renewal strategies
Authors: Parigini Cristina , Greulich Philip
Published: July 2020

How adult stem cells maintain self-renewing tissues is commonly assessed by analysing clonal data fromin vivocell lineage-tracing assays. To identify strategies of stem cell self-renewal requires that different models of stem cell fate choice predict sufficiently different clonal statistics. Here, we show that models of cell fate choice can, in homeostatic tissues, be categorized by exactly two ‘universality classes’, whereby models of the same class predict, under asymptotic conditions, the same clonal statistics. Those classes relate to generalizations of the canonical asymmetric vs. symmetric stem cell self-renewal strategies and are distinguished by a conservation law. This poses both challenges and opportunities to identify stem cell self-renewal strategies: while under asymptotic conditions, self-renewal models of the same universality class cannot be distinguished by clonal data only, models of different classes can be distinguished by simple means.
Alterations in the intrinsic properties of striatal cholinergic interneurons after dopamine lesion and chronic L-DOPA
Authors: Choi Se Joon , Ma Thong C , Ding Yunmin , Cheung Timothy , Joshi Neal , Sulzer David , Mosharov Eugene V , Kang Un Jung
Published: July 2020

Changes in striatal cholinergic interneuron (ChI) activity are thought to contribute to Parkinson’s disease pathophysiology and dyskinesia from chronic L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) treatment, but the physiological basis of these changes is unknown. We find that dopamine lesion decreases the spontaneous firing rate of ChIs, whereas chronic treatment with L-DOPA of lesioned mice increases baseline ChI firing rates to levels beyond normal activity. The effect of dopamine loss on ChIs was due to decreased currents of both hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) and small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. L-DOPA reinstatement of dopamine normalized HCN activity, but SK current remained depressed. Pharmacological blockade of HCN and SK activities mimicked changes in firing, confirming that these channels are responsible for the molecular adaptation of ChIs to dopamine loss and chronic L-DOPA treatment. These findings suggest that targeting ChIs with channel-specific modulators may provide therapeutic approaches for alleviating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in PD patients.
Economics of Wicker Willow Cultivation as a Sustainable Livelihood Activity of Its Cultivators and Handicraft Makers in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Rashid Mudasir , Saraf Sajad A. , Maqbool S. , Dar K. R.
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out in four blocks, viz., Ganderbal, Sherpathri, Lar and Kangan of district Ganderbal of the Kashmir valley owing to the majority of wicker willow cultivators and handicraft makers in these blocks of the district. A total number of 120 respondents, i.e., wicker willow cultivators and handicraft makers were selected for the study. Data derived from the respondents were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Three main varieties of wicker willow species were determined in the study area, i,e., Salix triandra, Salix dickymat and Salix viminalis, with Salix triandra being the most prominent among the three as almost 53.33% of the respondents were cultivating this specie of wicker willow followed by Salix dickymat and Salix viminalis. During the cultivation of wicker willow, costs on preparation of land, planting material, fencing, FYM were applicable during the first year only, whereas, costs on fertilizer, weeding/cleaning were applicable throughout the crop life. During this study it was found that the inputs like planting material, fertilizers and weeding/cleaning had a direct impact on the total output of wicker willow. The study reveals that the average production of wicker willow was 768 kgs/kanal. The average cost of production was Rs 1170/kanal/year, whereas the average gross return stood at Rs 8256/kanal/year. The average net returns were estimated to be Rs 7086/kanal/year. Almost 44% of respondents were involved in making wicker handicrafts, which indicates that 44% of the respondents were accepting it as their main source of income. During this study, it was calculated that the payback period in case of wicker willow cultivation was 3rd year, whereas per rupee return was estimated to be Rs 3.19 and the ratio of benefit and costs was estimated to be 2.48, thereby making this practice as a profitable one when compared to other crops in the study area.
A Pilot Survey on the Use of Antimicrobal Agents in Poultry Farms in Kerala
Authors: Sebastian Stelvin , Tom Antriya Annie , Babu Joyal Anna , Joshy Merin
Published: July 2020

The extent of usage of antimicrobials is expected to increase markedly over coming years due to intensification of farming practices in most of the developing countries. The main aim of the study was to assess the pattern of farming practices and antibiotic use in the selected poultry farms in the Muvattupuzha region of the state of Kerala, India. A semi-structured interview was conducted among the farmers of the twelve randomly selected poultry farms. The use of antimicrobials for various purposes like treatment and prevention of infections, growth promotion, etc. was reported by 67% of farmers. Commonly used antibiotics were ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, neomycin sulphate, colistin. The survey concluded that none of the farmers were trained in poultry farming and they simply followed the instructions given by their supervisors who are also not aware of the consequences of improper farming practices. They used to give antibiotics for prevention and treatment of infections in chicken without the advice from a veterinarian and they used to get antibiotics from pharmacy shops and other shops without any prescriptions. Most of the farms surveyed were following the poultry recommendations and maintaining cleanliness which was enough to prevent outbreak of infections. Spread of mild infections can be prevented by isolating the sick poultry rather than giving antibiotic to the entire batch. Most of the farmers were aware of the presence of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed and they prefer to use that for the tremendous increase of the weight of poultry.
A Comprehensive Review on a Unani Dynamic Drug: Amla (Emblica officinalis)
Authors: Anjum Arshi , Nafees Huda
Published: July 2020

Traditional system of medicine have been in vogue since ages. Amla is one of the herbal plant used in Unani medicine having very versatile actions.The word “Amla” is derived from an Arabic word ‘ambalji’ and in Persian it is called ‘amlah’. In english is commonly known by the name of Indian gooseberry. It is used as medicinally since centuries. Each and every part of the Amla tree is used medicinally but more commonly its fruit is used. It is mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. All the information on the plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic language in classical Unani literature available in different libraries of India from recent to past were searched, for phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities and computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched. In unani classical texts, the temperament of Amlais mentioned as Barid 1°Yabis 2° and its actions are Qabiz, Muqawwie Meda, Muqawwie Shaar. The chemical constituents like amino acids alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine and proline are present in major quantity. Several pharmacological studies have been carried out on it like anti-ulcer, immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastroprotective etc. It is used both as single as well as in compound formulations as an main ingredient like Jawarish Amla, Jawarishshahi, Anushdaru and Itrifalat. Through this review an attempt has made to reveal the Unani aspect of Amla and describe Unani pharmacological activities in the light of recent experiemental studies.
How Do They Cope: Traumatic Impact of Broken Homes on the Academics of the Children Living in Ga East Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Okoree Benzies Isaac Adu- , Sedegah Daniella Delali Daniella Delali , Parku Edna
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the living conditions of school children from broken homes in the Ga East Municipality and to assess its impact on their academic performance. This study was intended to examine the coping strategies of the children in handling their traumas of divorce. The descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. The purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 60 children from schools and in various communities in the municipality to take part in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from these respondents. The study found that the living conditions of majority of the respondents were not good after the divorce of their parents. It also came to light that the academic performance of most of the respondents was either very good or good before the divorce but after the divorce, most of the respondents had poor or very poor academic performance. It was observed that most of the respondents coped with the challenges of the divorce by spending more time with friends at school or with their relatives. From the present study, it could be concluded that when children are not given a conducive environment at home to have enough time to study due to parental divorce, it can impact negatively on their academic performance.
Solubility of Calcium Phosphate Crystallization In vitro in Presence of Basella rubra Deproteinized Concoction used in Non-codified Medicine for Urinary Stone
Authors: Ramu G. , Navanita S. K. , Huy Roan Ngoc Anh , Duraiswamy B. , Dhanabal S. P.
Published: July 2020

The solubility of calcium phosphate crystallization in vitro by an deproteinized concoction of Basella rubra plant was investigated by weight reduction assay. Soluble oxalate of the plant are partially removed prior to extraction of plant material. The weight variation and dissolution results reveals that the concoction showed considerable increased activity at the highest concentration used. The results indicate that the calcium phosphate crystal inhibition activity exhibited by the plant material may be due to their calcium phosphate solubilising capacity of phytoconstituents present in them. Regular consumption of an concoction of our plant would be helpful in calculi prophylaxis.
Nursing care for child/adolescent victims of violence: integrative review
Authors: Silva Manoella Souza da , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Santos Bruna Alves dos , Bazzan Jéssica Stragliotto , Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bartschi , Freitag Vera Lúcia
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Desvelar a produção acerca da assistência de enfermagem prestada às crianças/adolescentes vítimas de violência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistematizada realizada com consulta nas bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo e BDENF. Foram selecionados 19 artigos para compor este trabalho. A análise de dados deu-se por meio da proposta de Mendes, Silveira e Galvão. Resultados: Os dados foram discutidos através dos tópicos: despreparo dos profissionais frente aos casos de violência infantil; sentimentos dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado à criança/adolescente vítima de violência; notificação, protocolos e rotinas na assistência à criança/adolescente vítima de violência; estratégias de assistência à criança/adolescente vítima de violência. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem não se sentem preparados para atuarem frente aos casos de violência infantil. Identificou-se a necessidade de protocolos assistenciais que respaldem a assistência profissional. Ademais, é importante o fortalecimento da rede de atenção intersetorial que garanta a assistência adequada às vítimas e suas famílias.
Health of quilombolas women: dialog with the literature
Authors: Durand Michelle Kuntz , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Buss
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: realizar um mapeamento na literatura sobre os estudos que abordam a saúde das mulheres quilombolas. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em três bases de dados, com a utilização da combinação dos descritores: Grupo com Ancestrais do Continente Africano, Mulheres, Saúde, num intervalo temporal de 10 anos. Resultados: emergiram 66 artigos, sendo incluídos 58 para análise e discussão. Formou-se eixos temáticos, onde 25 estavam relacionadas as doenças das mulheres quilombolas e com limitada discussão da promoção da saúde e dos determinantes sociais. Os outros 33 artigos relacionavam-se a contextualização histórica e social dos quilombos, Atenção Primária à Saúde, iniquidade social e violência, racismo e discriminação e acesso das mulheres quilombolas aos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Identificou-se limitações frente a determinação social com foco em pesquisas de cunho biológico e com ênfase na doença, destacando a necessidade imperiosa de estudos voltados a promoção da saúde desta população.
Perception of obstetric nurses on the assistance to childbirth: reestablishing women’s autonomy and empowerment
Authors: Duarte Micheliana Rodrigues , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Marchiori Giovanna Rosário Soanno , Guerra Juliana Vidal Vieira , Pimentel Mariana Machado
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: compreender a percepção das enfermeiras obstétricas sobre a assistência de enfermagem no Centro de Parto Normal. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado entre junho e setembro de 2016 no Centro de Parto Normal do Hospital da Mulher Mariska Ribeiro. À época, foram entrevistadas dezoito enfermeiras obstétricas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: identificou-se a transição do modelo obstétrico e a interface com a enfermagem obstétrica, com a prática das enfermeiras obstétricas pautadas no conhecimento técnico-científico, favorecendo um modelo humanizado para o resgate da autonomia e empoderamento da mulher, e a inibição de práticas intervencionistas. Desse modo, a segurança e a confiança no modelo humanizado traz uma qualidade para a assistência obstétrica. Conclusão: conclui-se que a valoração das práticas humanizadas no contexto do parto e nascimento é integrante da atuação da enfermeira obstétrica, e tem a possibilidade de repensar o modelo de atenção a mulher no parto e nascimento, com ruptura e engajamento político, social e econômico da humanização.
Nursing care to clients with arteriovenous fistula: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Gonçalves Letícia Mattos , Cunha Lidiane Passos , Silva Frances Valéria Costa e , Pires Ariane da Silva , Azevedo Albert Lengruber de , Silva Paulo Sérgio da
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: descrever os cuidados da equipe de enfermagem aos clientes portadores de Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV). Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, que utilizou como questão de busca: quais são os cuidados da equipe de enfermagem aos clientes portadores de fístula arteriovenosa? A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF; PubMed; Portal de Periódicos da Capes, nas bases SCOPUS e CINAHL, em agosto de 2018. Resultados: foram encontrados três artigos indexados na LILACS e dois na CINAHL. Emergiu a categoria analítica do estudo intitulada: Cuidados de enfermagem aos clientes portadores de FAV, e duas unidades de decodificação: “Incorporação de evidências sobre a FAV, para se pensar os cuidados de enfermagem” e “Atuação da equipe de enfermagem na preservação da FAV: pensando o autocuidado”. Conclusões: os cuidados de enfermagem aos clientes portadores de FAV perpassaram pela durabilidade e a manutenção do seu funcionamento.
Profile of nursing professors in a public university: what do we need to go forward?
Authors: Almeida Emerson Willian Santos , Silva Mércia Beatriz Martins , Gonçalves Renata Patrícia Fonseca , Barbosa Henrique Andrade , Vieira Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisar o perfil dos enfermeiros-docentes da Graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo survey, com dados extraídos dos currículos de 57 docentes, vinculados ao Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros em exercício no mês de maio/2017. Resultados: a maioria se graduou em Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas; 12 anos de experiência na educação superior; 15 anos de experiência profissional; titulação de mestrado e/ou doutorado e com publicações em periódicos QUALIS com menor relevância. Utilizaram abordagem quantitativa, na área de saúde do adulto. Conclusão: a experiência e titulação qualificam os docentes para a assistência e/ou o ensino e a opção pelas áreas temáticas refletem preocupação com a qualidade do cuidado. Recomenda-se a inserção dos docentes em Grupos de Pesquisa e os estudantes na Iniciação Científica, importantes estratégias de qualificação da profissão para proporcionar maior visibilidade, reconhecimento e consolidação da Enfermagem como ciência.
Quality of life among elderly participants in social centers: an integrative review
Authors: Gomes Anne Carolinne Marie dos Santos , Medeiros Kaline De Araújo , Soares Ana Karla Maciel , Costa Rossana de Rocci Alves Barbosa , Vieira Kay Francis Leal , Lucena Adriana Lira Rufino de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisar as produções científicas acerca da participação dos idosos integrantes de Centros de Convivência para Idosos e a influência destes na qualidade de vida dos participantes. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir dos descritores: centros de convivência para idosos, qualidade de vida, idoso, envelhecimento. Resultados: 45,4% avaliam a qualidade de vida dos idosos participantes dos grupos de convivência; 27,3% identificam a percepção dos idosos quanto aos grupos para sua qualidade de vida; e 27,3% discutem sobre a tendência de participação dos idosos em atividades desenvolvidas nos centros de convivência e quais os tipos de atividades. Conclusão: identificou-se, a predominância da qualidade de vida em senescentes participantes dos grupos de convivência para idosos e a satisfação positiva dos mesmos. Destaca-se a necessidade de avanços em relação às pesquisas acerca da qualidade de vida dos idosos integrantes de grupos de convivência bem como as atividades realizadas nestes.
Interpersonal relations between nursing-patient in the perspective of current violence
Authors: Souza Jhuliano Ramos Silva de , Costa Andreia Barbosa Cristina , Vilela Sueli de Carvalho
Published: July 2020

Objective: to reflect on the importance of the interpersonal relationship between nurse-patient in the perspective of current violence. Methods: this is a descriptive-reflective study. The databases used were: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, National Library of Medicine, SCOPUS, Web Of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, in the languages: English, Spanish and Portuguese, of the last ten years. Results: three categories emerged: 1) Violence suffered by nursing professionals in the workplace; 2) Education as a tool to minimize workplace violence and 3) Nursing care for vulnerable people exposed to violence. Conclusion: interpersonal relationships can prevent acts of violence from being carried out in the workplace, and the institution itself and the management sectors can train the entire team, using continuing education as an effective tool for this issue.
The health of men deprivad of liberty in Brazil
Authors: Cristo Micheli , Diniz Michele Lopes , Conceição Vander Monteiro , Leo Marcela Martins Furlan , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Simoneti Rafaela Azevedo Abrantes de Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: analisar as produções científicas nacionais a respeito do cuidado em saúde dos homens no contexto prisional. Método: revisão integrativa seguindo seis etapas. As buscas foram realizadas na base de dados – Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e no portal de periódicos online - Scientific Electronic Library Online. Foram incluídos estudos dos últimos dez anos, publicados em português e na íntegra. A análise e exposição dos resultados foram por meio da abordagem descritiva. Resultados: A busca resultou em 546 artigos em ambas as bases, após análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram incluídos nove estudos. Após leitura e análise desses estudos foram construídas quatro categorias temáticas. Conclusão: Não é colocado em prática o que é abordado e defendido nas políticas públicas de saúde. Os profissionais de saúde e agentes de segurança atuam em um simples assistencialismo, sem humanização, e sem medidas preventivas de saúde.
News for/by Women: Jin News Agency
Authors: Barkot Zeynep Özen
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, feminist interventions in media have become more important for the development of alternative discourses against patriarchy. Jin News, an internet‐based news agency established in Diyarbakır—a predominantly Kurdish city in southeastern Anatolia—is one of the most significant instances of this kind of women journalism. Jin News, the first women news agency in Turkey, is also one of the worldwide pioneers of all‐female news with a team comprising women in all processes of news production. The agency has the chance to develop a holistic approach in terms of both news production and organizational model. Their news rejects the distinction between hard/serious and soft/light news due to the fact that domestic and public spaces share similar political values, while their organizational structure relying on solidarity tends to prove the effectiveness of women journalists in economic‐political issues. This entry provides an account of the contributions of Jin News with regard to a feminist perspective in the news by women.
Gendering Doctor Who
Authors: Rowson Emily
Published: July 2020

This entry provides an introduction to gender and its representations within
Doctor Who
, considering femininity, masculinity, and the gendered significance of the TARDIS. Gender has been a central concern in academic writing on
Doctor Who
throughout the show's long history, with very little consensus forthcoming regarding the “progressive” merit of these representations. Despite this, there have been considerable changes in the nature of these representations throughout the years, with there being a discernible shift in representations of femininity and women from the “classic” era to the “reboot” of 2005. Building on this, the announcement of the first female Doctor in 2017 has once more indicated a shift in the gendered dimensions of
Doctor Who
, demonstrating the show's continued role as a barometer of broader shifts in societal attitudes to gender.
The Femme Fatale on Screen
Authors: van Raalte Christa
Published: July 2020

This introduction to the femme fatale, as a cinematic and critical phenomenon, will explore the ways in which feminist film criticism has read and re‐read this figure, and the ways in which both the figure itself and the critical readings it has engendered, have articulated ideas of gender, sexuality, and power. The cinematic femme fatale is associated primarily with the film noir of the 1940s–1950s, in which context she is commonly read as articulating male anxieties about the position of women following World War II, and as symptomatic of deeper anxieties around female sexuality and agency. At the same time critics have recognized in her a potential for resistance and an expression of female empowerment notwithstanding the often tragic consequences of her ambitions. In the decades that have followed, the figure of the femme fatale has proved an object of endless fascination for filmmakers, audiences, and critics alike. Although most notably revived in neo‐noir, she is also to be found diverse cultural contexts and genres, each time articulating a slightly different set of values and generating a slightly different set of critical debates.
Gendered Political Language in the United Kingdom and United States
Authors: Bürger Tobias
Published: July 2020

Gender plays a critical role in how politicians are framed in media environments and it impacts the communication style, content, and tone of political language. This entry provides insights into how gender influences women politicians' representations in different media environments by comparing political language on social media, televised political debates, and traditional media coverage.
Formamidinium‐Based Dion‐Jacobson Layered Hybrid Perovskites: Structural Complexity and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Gélvez‐Rueda María C. , Ahlawat Paramvir , Merten Lena , Jahanbakhshi Farzaneh , Mladenović Marko , Hinderhofer Alexander , Dar M. Ibrahim , Li Yang , Dučinskas Algirdas , Carlsen Brian , Tress Wolfgang , Ummadisingu Amita , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Schreiber Frank , Hagfeldt Anders , Rothlisberger Ursula , Grozema Ferdinand C. , Milić Jovana V. , Graetzel Michael
Published: July 2020

Layered hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative to stabilizing hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials, which are predominantly based on Ruddlesden‐Popper structures. Formamidinium (FA)‐based Dion‐Jacobson perovskite analogs are developed that feature bifunctional organic spacers separating the hybrid perovskite slabs by introducing 1,4‐phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) organic moieties. While these materials demonstrate competitive performances as compared to other FA‐based low‐dimensional perovskite solar cells, the underlying mechanisms for this behavior remain elusive. Here, the structural complexity and optoelectronic properties of materials featuring (PDMA)FAn–1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1–3) formulations are unraveled using a combination of techniques, including X‐ray scattering measurements in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. While theoretical calculations suggest that layered Dion‐Jacobson perovskite structures are more prominent with the increasing number of inorganic layers (n), this is accompanied with an increase in formation energies that render n > 2 compositions difficult to obtain, in accordance with the experimental evidence. Moreover, the underlying intermolecular interactions and their templating effects on the Dion‐Jacobson structure are elucidated, defining the optoelectronic properties. Consequently, despite the challenge to obtain phase‐pure n > 1 compositions, time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements reveal high photoconductivities and long charge carrier lifetimes. This comprehensive analysis thereby reveals critical features for advancing layered hybrid perovskite optoelectronics.
Catechol‐Based Molecular Memory Film for Redox Linked Bioelectronics
Authors: Wu Si , Kim Eunkyoung , Chen Chen‐yu , Li Jinyang , VanArsdale Eric , Grieco Christopher , Kohler Bern , Bentley William E. , Shi Xiaowen , Payne Gregory F.
Published: July 2020

Redox is emerging as an alternative modality for bio‐device communication. In contrast to the more familiar ionic electrical modality: (i) redox involves the flow of electrons through oxidation–reduction reactions; (ii) the aqueous medium is an “insulator” to this electron flow since free electrons do not normally exist in water; and (iii) redox states are intrinsically digital (oxidized and reduced). By exploiting these unique features, a catechol‐based molecular memory film is reported. This memory is fabricated by electrochemically grafting catechol to a chitosan–agarose polysaccharide network to generate a redox‐active but non‐conducting matrix. The redox state of the grafted catechol moieties serves as the 2‐state memory. It is shown that these redox states: can be repeatedly switched by diffusible mediators (electron shuttles); can be easily read electrically or optically; are stable for at least 2 h in the absence of energy; are sensitive to biologically relevant oxidizing and reducing contexts; and can be switched enzymatically. This catechol‐based molecular memory film is a simple circuit element for redox linked bioelectronics.
Great Enhancement of Self‐Powered Photoresponse Performance of C3H8NSi‐TiO2 NRAs/n‐Si Heterojunction by Build‐In and Build‐Out Electric Field Jointly Promoting Carrier Separation
Authors: Hou Zhidong , Li Guixia , Ling Cuicui , Wang Hongyan , Zhu Lei , Guo Tianchao , Zhang Tuo , Feng Bingxin , Cao Min , Xue Qingzhong
Published: July 2020

A novel silane coupling agent grafting TiO2 nanorod arrays (C3H8NSi‐TiO2 NRAs)/n‐Si heterojunction is introduced. A built‐out electric field is created on the surface of TiO2 NRAs by silane coupling agent modifications, which can promote photo‐generated carriers separation so that the C3H8NSi‐TiO2 NRAs/n‐Si heterojunction shows excellent self‐powered broadband photoresponse properties. Especially under 900 nm illumination, the self‐powered device demonstrates the responsivity (R), detectivity (D*), and sensitivity (S) of ≈7.76 A W−1, ≈5.22 × 1014 Jones, and ≈1.12 × 1010 cm2 W−1, respectively. Compared with that of the unmodified TiO2 NRAs/n‐Si heterojunction, the R, D*, and S are increased by two orders of magnitude. The results are mainly ascribed to the original built‐in electric field of heterojunction and the created built‐out electric field which jointly promote carriers separation and the unconventional porous electrode which plays a crucial role in collecting holes. The DFT calculations and TRPL results indicate the formation and carriers separation capability of the built‐out electric field. This design concept can be extended to the application of other varieties of metal oxide based photoelectric devices.
Impacts of ammonia volatilization from broadcast urea on winter wheat production
Authors: Perin Vinicius , Santos Eduardo A. , Lollato Romulo , Ruiz‐Diaz Dorivar , Kluitenberg Gerard J.
Published: July 2020

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from broadcast urea may lead to significant N losses in winter wheat. We aimed to: (a) quantify N losses through NH3 volatilization from fields fertilized with urea and urea amended with a urease inhibitor (NBPT) under cold weather months (February–April), and (b) investigate the impact of N losses through NH3 volatilization on the winter wheat production. We employed the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) method with passive NH3 samplers to quantify NH3 volatilization at five sites in Kansas. Urea and urea + NBPT were broadcast at a rate of 60 kg N ha–1 over circular plots. We assessed the impact of NH3 losses on wheat at three sites employing different rates of urea and urea + NBPT. NH3 losses volatilization varied from 0.3 to 29.6% of total N applied. The largest N losses (>23% of applied N) occurred when urea was broadcasted to moist soils followed by a dry period. Amending urea with NBPT reduced NH3 volatilization losses by more than 20% on the campaigns with the largest N losses (>23%). However, our results showed no significant differences for wheat yield, N‐recovery and agronomic efficiency between urea and urea + NBPT treatments likely due to the reduced NH3 volatilization (<17%) where the impact on winter wheat was measured. Our results suggest that winter wheat farmers should carefully evaluate the soil surface moisture conditions before broadcasting urea to avoid potential NH3 volatilization losses even under cold conditions (average soil temperature ranging from 2.5 to 7.7 °C).
The design and manufacture of 3D‐printed adjuncts for powered air‐purifying respirators
Authors: Miles L. F. , Chuen J. , Edwards L. , Hohmann J. D. , Williams R. , Peyton P. , Grayden D. B.
Published: July 2020

Spurred in part by literature published in the immediate aftermath of the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003, powered air‐purifying respirators have seen increased use worldwide during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Whereas these devices provide excellent protection of the user, there is an added element of risk during doffing and cleaning of the device. An additional layer of barrier protection, in the form of a polypropylene gown, to be worn over the hood and motor belt, can be used to minimise this risk. However, the device entrains air perpendicular to the lie of the gown, resulting in the impermeable material being sucked into the air intake, and partial occlusion of flow. In this report, we describe a clinical‐academic partnership whereby a bespoke filter guard was designed to disrupt airflow and prevent gown entrainment, thereby enabling full barrier protection of both the device and user. This intervention was simple, cheap, scalable and able to be mass produced.
Binary α‐Fe2O3–Co3O4 nanostructures for advanced oxidation process: Role of synergy for enhanced catalysis
Authors: Hazarika Kumar Kashyap , Hazarika Debashis , Bharali Pankaj
Published: July 2020

Iron and its binary oxides are meticulously exploited for environmental remediations. However, only limited studies have been carried out on the degradation of industrial organics by advanced oxidation process. In this study, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron–cobalt binary oxides were synthesized by a modified hydrothermal method as heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewaters. The oxide nanostructures were characterized by different analytical techniques. Studying the effects of various parameters such as catalyst dose, MB concentration, and H2O2 concentration, the reaction conditions were optimized to enhance the removal of MB dye. The results revealed that α‐Fe2O3–Co3O4 shows much higher activity than both Co3O4 and α‐Fe2O3 for the degradation of MB at room temperature and beyond. The binary α‐Fe2O3–Co3O4 shows degradation efficiency of 96.4% at 65 °C within 60 min. Furthermore, the binary α‐Fe2O3–Co3O4 catalyst retains its activity for up to four successive cycles. A probable mechanism is also proposed, involving the generation of ‧OH radical as well as Fe2+/Fe3+ or Co2+/Co3+ redox couple of the binary α‐Fe2O3–Co3O4 catalyst.
Trypsin Inhibitor and Urease Activity of Soybean Meal Products from Different Countries and Impact of Trypsin Inhibitor on Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Pig
Authors: Chen Juxing , Wedekind Karen , Escobar Jeffery , Vazquez‐Añón Mercedes
Published: July 2020

Trypsin inhibitor (TI) and urease activity (UA) are the most relevant quality aspects of soybean meal (SBM) for monogastric animals. This study’s objective was to determine the levels of TI and UA in SBM collected from feed mills in different countries, whether TI and UA are correlated since they are both heat‐labile, and impact of TI on pig ileal amino acid digestibility. TI was 1.20–8.37 mg g−1 with 36.4% samples <3 mg g−1, UA was 0–0.311 ΔpH unit with 64.2% samples <0.05 ΔpH unit in 847 solvent‐extracted SBM samples. TI and UA results varied by countries and world areas. By country, mean TI was highest in Germany and lowest in Philippines, mean UA was highest in India and lowest in Philippines. By world areas, mean TI was highest in Latin America and lowest in North America, UA was highest in Asia and lowest in Latin America. TI and UA results vary in different soybean products, TI ranked as raw soybeans > expeller SBM > full‐fat‐extruded (FFE) SBM ≥ heat‐inactivated full‐fat (HIFF) SBM > solvent‐extracted SBM; UA ranked as raw soybeans > HIFF SBM > FFE SBM ≥ solvent‐extracted SBM ≥ expeller SBM. TI was not correlated with UA in 847 solvent‐extracted SBM, suggesting that UA may not be used as a surrogate indicator for TI. A diet contained 38% SBM with 8.78 mg g−1 TI significantly reduced apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and crude protein by 13.3–26.0% and 23.3% points, respectively, in cannulated pigs compared to SBM with 2.51 mg g−1 TI.
Practitioners' perspectives and experiences of supporting bilingual pupils on the autism spectrum in two linguistically different educational settings
Authors: Howard Katie B. , Katsos Napoleon , Gibson Jenny L.
Published: July 2020

With greater linguistic diversity in educational settings around the world as a result of international migration, and a rise in autism diagnoses, educators are more frequently teaching children who are both neurodiverse and linguistically different to their peers. The aim of the present study was to uncover the perspectives and experiences of educational practitioners who provide support for bilingual learners on the autism spectrum in two linguistically different educational settings: England and Wales. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 practitioners (5 teachers, 4 teaching assistants, 3 special educational needs coordinators and 1 speech and language therapist) working in mainstream schools. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which seeks to illuminate participants' lived experience. Three superordinate themes were extracted from the data: (1) perspectives on bilingualism in autism; (2) comparisons across two linguistically different settings; (3) creating inclusive learning environments. The results demonstrate that practitioners had concerns about the feasibility of bilingualism for some autistic pupils, and argued that exposure to two languages may have a negative impact on their development. Future research should focus on finding effective ways to identify and support learning needs among bilingual pupils to ensure that children who are ‘doubly different’ from their peers not only have access to educational provision, but also have opportunities to harness and celebrate their differences.
A retrospective case series of patients who have undergone coeliac plexus blocks for the purpose of alleviating pain due to intra‐abdominal malignancy
Authors: Dumitrescu Alix , Aggarwal Arun , Chye Richard
Published: July 2020

Background

Coeliac plexus block (CPB) is an interventional pain management option for patients with pancreatic or other upper abdominal malignancy.

Aims

To assess the safety, utilization, and outcomes of CPBs in the local context.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective case series of all patients with cancer who underwent CPB at 4 Sydney teaching hospitals from March 2010 to February 2016. We recorded baseline demographic data, details of the injectate, procedural approach and survival, as well as pain scores and analgesic use at 4 time points of interest. Thirty‐nine procedures were performed during the study period. Twenty‐four were performed endoscopically, 14 were performed via a bilateral percutaneous posterior approach by Pain Specialists or Radiologists and 1 was performed intraoperatively by a Surgeon. Patients had experienced pain for a mean of 17 weeks prior to CPB. Prior to CPB, the mean pain score was 8.8 out of 10. The mean pain score was reduced at 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks following CPB (P < .01). The mean oral morphine equivalent daily dose prior to CPB was 362 mg which was reduced at 48 hours and 2 weeks but increased at the 4 weeks following CPB. One patient developed a bacteremia but otherwise no complications were observed.

Conclusion

CPB is performed by a number of approaches and is well tolerated. The approach selected appears to depend on patient anatomy, preference, and availability of local expertise. Local clinicians could consider CPB earlier in the management of malignant epigastric pain.
Research on line overload identification of power system based on improved neural network algorithm
Authors: Yang Lin , Luo Zhiming , Lin Wangqing , Li Shaozi
Published: July 2020

Due to the continuous appearance of safety fault accidents in the practice process, operation safety has become the central task of various operation and management tasks of the power grid. Therefore, to establish a line overload identification and data control model for the power system, we first defined the vulnerability of complex power systems based on the analysis of each line and node. For finding the optimal parameters of this model, we proposed an improved optimization strategy by combining the genetic algorithm and BP neural network. To verified the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted experiments on a simulation on the IEEE 30‐node power system environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can establish an optimized overload identification model with better performance. This study can help to conduct reasonable adjustment when overload happens to the power system, and then reduce similar failure as well as enhance the operation safety.