bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring prehospital C2-work during a mass gathering event
Authors: Prytz Erik G. , Rybing Jonas , Carlström Eric , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Jonson Carl-Oscar
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the workload and shared workload awareness in a staff performing command and control (C2) work during a planned major incident (MI) empirical case in Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data on workload and shared awareness were collected during live C2-work using qualitative observations and in-situ interviews mixed with quantitative questionnaires.

Findings

– A content analysis of the qualitative data revealed categories of workload sources. Quantified workload estimates showed changes in workload levels over time and staff roles, which were also contextualized using the results of the qualitative data. Data on shared awareness indicated that team workload awareness shifted over time according to common patterns. This study demonstrates a promising methodology to study C2-related factors during live EMS work.

Research limitations/implications

– The observed variations in workload imply that research that relies only on post-task measurements of workload may be inaccurate. Future research could use this method to investigate the connection between workload and performance during different types of MIs.

Originality/value

– The results can be used to inform future Göteborgsvarvet C2-teams in terms of when, why, and for whom task load changes, which would support predictive allocation of resources.
Motivation, sensation seeking, and the recruitment of volunteer firefighters
Authors: Perrott Stephen B. , Blenkarn Brandon D.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine similarities and differences in motivational-type and sensation seeking tendencies in male and female firefighters and to determine how a growing focus on extrinsically focused reasons to volunteer relates to traditional, intrinsically focused rationales.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, 160 volunteer firefighters (29 women, 131 men) were compared to 210 undergraduate controls (171 women, 39 men) across a spectrum of motivation and sensation seeking types in a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, approach.

Findings

– Female volunteers showed a distinct pattern of motivations for volunteering and though similar to their male counterparts in Thrill and Adventure Seeking were lower in impulsive sensation seeking. Greater levels of career-focused motivation did not come at the cost of intrinsically focused motivation or to the number of years one projected volunteering.

Research limitations/implications

– The approach did not provide the means to check if reported intentions translate to behavioural outcomes and the small number of female firefighters sampled compromised power.

Practical implications

– Findings of how female volunteers differ from male counterparts and university women might be considered when developing recruitment drives and formulating policy to modify what is rewarded in firefighting. Findings further suggest that the potential of gaining paid employment is unlikely to compromise traditional reasons for volunteering.

Social implications

– Evidence that female volunteers possess a distinct and desirable pattern of motivations and sensation seeking relative to their male counterparts seemingly provides a rationale to target women in recruitment drives that extends beyond bolstering numbers. However, that they were also distinct from university females raises questions about their representativeness and, in turn, about the size of the potential pool from which fire services may draw. Hypothesized concern about the negative impact that volunteering as a means to obtain paid work has on more traditional, intrinsically focused motivations appears to be unfounded.

Originality/value

– Moves beyond anecdote to provide empirical evidence of the motivations and sensation seeking tendencies of volunteer firefighters, especially women, and contributes to a nascent area of inquiry about how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can co-exist in this group.
From applicant to designated European Capital of Culture
Authors: Hansen Louise Ejgod , Laursen Markus
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the management challenges related to the transition from the application phase to the delivery phase of the project of being a European Capital of Culture (ECoC).

Design/methodology/approach

– Case study based on qualitative research interviews with the management team, combined with existing research on ECoC and documents on the Aarhus 2017 project.

Findings

– The first main finding is that the challenges are caused by the way in which the transition from applicant to designated ECoC includes a change in management, shifting from a project to a programme structure and change in organisation. The second main finding is that stakeholder management in relation to politicians and cultural agents is challenged by a high level of ownership and expectation.

Research limitations/implications

– The study focuses on just one case and one phase of the project.

Practical implications

– Consequences for the way ECoC are managed and the programme organised could be drawn from this.

Originality/value

– The originality of the work is in that it studies this very critical phase in the project’s life-cycle in great detail, and focuses specifically on the management of ECoC.
Journey towards best practices in acting on early warning signs in complex projects within a Russian context
Authors: Sharaborova Gulnara , Walker Derek H.T. , Gilbert Guinevere
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary report and reflect on a recently passed PhD thesis (Sharaborova, 2014b) related to project management topics.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper focussed on narrative reflection upon the completed doctoral journey.

Findings

– This paper presents the thesis findings, the research models, the guide in dealing with the early warning signs that developed as a result of this research and the contribution made to theory and practice.

Research limitations/implications

– Limitations of the research and the perspectives of the further diffusion of the research findings are considered.

Originality/value

– This TRN is a PhD candidate’s point of view as well as the opinions of the scientific research supervisors about the doctoral study and its outcome. The paper could be useful for novice researchers who wish to conduct their research and did not yet make a decision.
Organizing cultural projects through legitimising as cultural entrepreneurship
Authors: Lindkvist Lars , Hjorth Daniel
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– This paper is a study of creating organization in the case of cultural projects; cultural entrepreneurship. This includes taking advantage of opportunities and using ones social capital through networks. It is a case study of Vandalorum which is an Swedish international art and design centre with a strong regional connection. They want to offer close collaborations between artists, designers and the creative industry. It is located in Värnamo in the south of Sweden and was inaugurated in April 2011 after an establishment process running over 15 years. Renzo Piano has created the architectural concept of Vandalorum, inspired by traditional Swedish materials and building techniques. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Through interviews with significant actors over many years and secondary analysis of data collected by others the authors describe and analyze the establishment process of Vandalorum Art and Design Centre.

Findings

– The case of Vandalorum shows that organizing a cultural project like Vandalorum is characterized by no well-defined starting and stopping point, but – quite typically for entrepreneurship as an organization-creation process – builds momentum and legitimacy narratively.

Originality/value

– The originality lies in answering the question that the authors chose to focus on, which is embedded in the opening story of Vandalorum: how can such a cultural project become legitimized in a place like that, outside and rather far from any large city? In a changed cultural landscape with reduced public contributions, the claim is that it is crucial to legitimize the idea and project in relation to the main/key stakeholders. Such legitimization is a key entrepreneurial achievement.
Financial sustainability of Tanzanian saving and credit cooperatives
Authors: Marwa Nyankomo , Aziakpono Meshach
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the financial sustainability of Tanzanian saving and credit cooperatives (SACCOs).

Design/methodology/approach

– The data set used in this study comes from SACCOs’ audited financial reports for the year 2011. The performance was estimated using return on asset (ROA) and financial sustainability was estimated using the ratio of total expenses to total revenue. Linear regression was used to investigate the determinants of financial sustainability.

Findings

– The results show that, about 61 per cent of the sample SACCOs is operationally sustainable and 51 per cent of the total sample is both operationally and financially sustainable. The average sustainability score was 127 per cent. On average, the results for profitability (measured by ROA) is higher than some of the results reported for standard microfinance in the region and globally. In terms of sustainability the result forecasts a promising future for financial cooperative business model as an alternative form of financing the poor.

Research limitations/implications

– Only SACCOs with audited financial statements were included in the study, thus the conclusion is limited to SACCOs with similar characteristics. Future work might consider extending the analysis to include SACCOs with non-audited financial statements.

Practical implications

– Based on the sample SACCOs can under good management can be used as a sustainable social conduit for financial access and social economic development among the poor in Tanzania.

Originality/value

– This study contributes in two ways. First, it contributes towards the scanty empirical literature on the performance of SACCOs in developing countries and in Tanzania in particular. Second, it provides provocative evidence which appears to contradict earlier and more pessimistic accounts and it challenges the ontology about extending member-based microfinance.
Parental migration, unpaid child labour, and human capital
Authors: Shimada Akira
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how parental migration due to poverty affects a child’s education and human capital formation through changes in the child’s supply of unpaid labour.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper uses a small open overlapping generations model where the parent migrates for the family’s subsistence and that the child has to give up a part of education to do the housework during the parent’s absence.

Findings

– The paper finds that given the level of the human capital, reducing the child’s burden of housework and promoting parental migration to high-wage countries do not necessarily raise the amount of child’s education. The paper also finds a possible underdevelopment trap in the dynamic context.

Originality/value

– Unlike previous studies on child labour, this paper focuses on unpaid labour, whose share is actually larger than that of paid labour. Even if paid labour is available, children cannot re-allocate their time from doing the housework to the market work; so the author cannot disregard this observation. Investigation into the dynamics of human capital formation under such child labour is new.
SH-wave velocity in a fiber-reinforced anisotropic layer overlying a gravitational heterogeneous half-space
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of SH-waves in fiber-reinforced layer placed over a heterogeneous elastic half-space.

Design/methodology/approach

– The heterogeneity of the elastic half-space is caused by the exponential variations of density and rigidity. As a special case when both the layers are homogeneous, the derived equation is in agreement with the general equation of Love wave.

Findings

– Numerically, it is observed that the velocity of SH-waves decreases with the increase of heterogeneity and reinforced parameters. The dimensionless phase velocity of SH-waves increases with the decreases of dimensionless wave number and shown through figures.

Originality/value

– In this work, SH-wave in a fiber-reinforced anisotropic medium overlying a heterogeneous gravitational half-space has been investigated analytically and numerically. The dispersion equation for the propagation of SH-waves has been observed in terms of Whittaker function and its derivative of second degree order. It has been observed that on the removal of heterogeneity of half-space, and reinforced parameters of the layer, the derived dispersion equation reduces to Love wave dispersion equation thereby validates the solution of the problem. The equation of propagation of Love wave in fiber-reinforced medium over a heterogeneous half-space given by relevant authors is also reduced from the obtained dispersion relation under the considered geometry.
Rheological model of Love wave propagation in viscoelastic layered media under gravity
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to deal with the propagation of Love waves in inhomogeneous viscoelastic layer overlying a gravitational half-space. It has been observed velocity of Love waves depends on viscosity, gravity, inhomogeneity and initial stress of the layer.

Design/methodology/approach

– The dispersion relation for the Love wave in closed form is obtained with Whitaker’s function.

Findings

– The effect of various non-dimensional inhomogeneity factors, gravity factor and internal friction on the non-dimensional Love wave velocity has been shown graphically. The authors observed that the dispersion curve of Love wave increases as the inhomogeneity factor increases. It is seen that increment in gravity, inhomogeneity and internal friction decreases the damping phase velocity of Love waves but it is more prominent in case of internal friction.

Originality/value

– Surface plot of Love wave reveals that the velocity ratio increases with the increase of non-dimensional phase velocity and non-dimensional wave number. The above results may attract seismologists and geologists.
Fatigue reliability theory-based optimal design of wire ropes on test platforms for FAST actuators
Authors: Zhu Ming , Wang QiMing , Yang Lei , Lei Zheng , Wang Yong , Wu Mingchang
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Three test platforms for long-term continuous loading are adopted to test the actuator prototypes of the 500-meter aperture spherical radio telescope (FAST). However, the wire ropes that are the key components of these platforms often break during testing. The purpose of this paper is to present an effective dimension design method for these wire ropes. This method is based on fatigue reliability theory.

Design/methodology/approach

– Three types of stresses are introduced into the total stress model of the wire rope according to the complicated stress conditions. The fatigue strength of the ropes is also discussed in this paper. Then, the total stress model and the results of fatigue strength analysis are applied to set the optimization function for these wire ropes. Subsequently, this optimization function is used to calculate the reliability of previously developed wire ropes in relation to the actuator test platform.

Findings

– The wire rope is unreliable, which is a finding that corresponds to those of previous tests. Upon drawing the optimal curve from the optimization function (whose optimal objective is the wire diameter), a wire rope is optimized for the FAST actuator test platforms. Finally, this optimized rope is used on the new actuator test platform. No fracture phenomenon has been detected in tests conducted over the past six months.

Originality/value

– The fatigue reliability theory-based optimization function for wire ropes can be adopted for the universal dimension design of other wire ropes.
Directors’ networks and access to collective resources
Authors: Breton Gaétan , Dicko Saidatou
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to illustrate the resource dependency theory by making ties between the different resources needed by a firm and the members of the board through their allegiances to different organizations. Many researchers have explained the formation of the board through a controlling function. Alternative explanation is proposed by the resource dependency theory.

Design/methodology/approach

– To investigate the case of the largest company in Canada, the authors took their data in the Boardex database. Then drawing an affiliation matrix, they used the Pajek software to analyze these connections. They obtained a non-directional social network prone to illustrate the resource dependency theory.

Findings

– The authors found different categories of resources being placed at firm’s disposal: political, social and economic, under different forms. Because a case study approach was used, the findings will be used to complete the theory rather than confirm or contradict it. The case firm is well-connected at every level, although having a quite conservative board: only one woman, no representative of the social or environmental worlds. Through a program for designing networks, the authors show that board member’s networks are encompassing a spectrum of resources. Comparing with a previous study, it was found that the proportions of these resources remain the same in 2013 than in 2007.

Research limitations/implications

– This case is a very large group. Therefore, it can be expected that it will need every kind of resources. It might be interesting to replicate the study on smaller firms. The results imply that boards may not be the best structure to control the firm’s inside activities.

Originality/value

– Although many theoretical papers exist on this question, the board is mainly studied through the insiders/outsiders dichotomy, but there are few practical studies taking the resource dependency theory perspective.
Experimental manipulation of floral scent bouquets restructures flower–visitor interactions in the field
Authors: Larue Anne‐Amélie C. , Raguso Robert A. , Junker Robert R.
Published: October 2015

A common structural feature of natural communities is the non‐random distribution of pairwise interactions between organisms of different trophic levels. For plant–animal interactions, it is predicted that both stochastic processes and functional plant traits that facilitate or prevent interactions are responsible for these patterns.

However, unbiased manipulative field experiments that rigorously test the effects of individual traits on community structure are lacking. We address this gap by manipulating floral scent bouquets in the field.

Manipulation of floral scent bouquets led to quantitative as well as qualitative restructuring of flower–visitor networks, making them more generalized. Olfactometer trials confirmed both positive and negative responses to scent bouquets.

Our results clearly show that the distribution of insect visitors to the two abundant study plant species reflects the insects' species‐specific preferences for floral scents, rather than for visual or morphological floral traits.

Thus, floral scents may be of major importance in partitioning flower–visitor interactions. Integrating experimental manipulations of plant traits with field observations of interaction patterns thus represents a promising approach for revealing the processes that structure species assemblages in natural communities.
Strategic Aspects of Difficult Global Challenges
Authors: Sandler Todd
Published: October 2015

This game‐theoretic paper distills various strategic aspects of difficult‐to‐handle global challenges, such as climate change, disease eradication, financial crises, nuclear weapon proliferation, trade boycotts, species preservation, and transnational terrorism. The analysis focuses on issues that involve shoring up weakest links, coordinating actions among many countries, promoting partial cooperation, and addressing regional best‐shot problems. In each of these cases, the paper displays the strategic concern and assesses the prognosis for overcoming the roadblock. For instance, for some partial cooperation concerns, noncooperators can completely annihilate the achieved gains of the cooperators. The role of uncertainty, countries’ asymmetries, and component groups’ composition are considered. Among its many findings, the paper shows that the prognosis for weakest‐link public goods, where the smallest effort fixes the good's overall level, is not so optimistic when countries possess different financial capabilities. The need to shore up one or more poor countries often creates a situation where countries wait for others to act.
Tobacco outlet density, retailer cigarette sales without ID checks and enforcement of underage tobacco laws: associations with youths’ cigarette smoking and beliefs
Authors: Lipperman‐Kreda Sharon , Grube Joel W. , Friend Karen B. , Mair Christina
Published: October 2015

Aims

To estimate the relationships of tobacco outlet density, cigarette sales without ID checks and local enforcement of underage tobacco laws with youth's life‐time cigarette smoking, perceived availability of tobacco and perceived enforcement of underage tobacco laws and changes over time.

Design

The study involved: (a) three annual telephone surveys, (b) two annual purchase surveys in 2000 tobacco outlets and (c) interviews with key informants from local law enforcement agencies. Analyses were multi‐level models (city, individual, time).

Setting

A sample of 50 mid‐sized non‐contiguous cities in California, USA.

Participants

A total of 1478 youths (aged 13–16 at wave 1, 52.2% male); 1061 participated in all waves.

Measurements

Measures at the individual level included life‐time cigarette smoking, perceived availability and perceived enforcement. City‐level measures included tobacco outlet density, cigarette sales without ID checks and compliance checks.

Findings

Outlet density was associated positively with life‐time smoking [OR = 1.12, P < 0.01]. An interaction between outlet density and wave (OR = 0.96, P < 0.05) suggested that higher density was associated more closely with life‐time smoking at the earlier waves when respondents were younger. Greater density was associated positively with perceived availability (β = 0.02, P < 0.05) and negatively with perceived enforcement (β = −0.02, P < 0.01). Sales rate without checking IDs was related to greater perceived availability (β = 0.01, P < 0.01) and less perceived enforcement (β = −0.01, P < 0.01). Enforcement of underage tobacco laws was related positively to perceived enforcement (β = 0.06, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Higher tobacco outlet density may contribute to life‐time smoking among youths. Density, sales without ID checks and enforcement levels may influence beliefs about access to cigarettes and enforcement of underage tobacco sales laws.
THE PAST IS EVIL/EVIL IS PAST: ON RETROSPECTIVE POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY, AND TEMPORAL MANICHAEISM
Authors: BEVERNAGE BERBER
Published: October 2015

One of the most remarkable phenomena in current international politics is the increasing attention paid to “historical injustice.” Opinions on this phenomenon strongly differ. For some it stands for a new and noble type of politics based on raised moral standards and helping the cause of peace and democracy. Others are more critical and claim that retrospective politics comes at the cost of present‐ or future‐oriented politics and tends to be anti‐utopian.

The warnings about the perils of a retrospective politics outweighing politics directed at contemporary injustices, or strivings for a more just future, should be taken seriously. Yet the alternative of a politics disregarding all historical injustice is not desirable either. We should refuse to choose between restitution for historical injustices and struggle for justice in the present or the future. Rather, we should look for types of retrospective politics that do not oppose but complement or reinforce the emancipatory and utopian elements in present‐ and future‐directed politics.

I argue that retrospective politics can indeed have negative effects. Most notably it can lead to a “temporal Manichaeism” that not only posits that the past is evil, but also tends to treat evil as anachronistic or as belonging to the past. Yet I claim that ethical Manichaeism and anti‐utopianism and are not inherent features of all retrospective politics but rather result from an underlying philosophy of history that treats the relation between past, present, and future in antinomic terms and prevents us from understanding “transtemporal” injustices and responsibilities.

In order to pinpoint the problem of certain types of retrospective politics and point toward some alternatives, I start out from a criticism formulated by the German philosopher Odo Marquard and originally directed primarily at progressivist philosophies of history.
2. CAN THE CRITIQUE OF CAPITALISM BE ANTIHUMANIST?
Authors: BEHRENT MICHAEL C.
Published: October 2015

This essay argues that to understand Foucault's attraction to neoliberalism, we must understand the elective theoretical affinities that he perceived between this current in economic thought and one of the central elements of his own philosophical project: the critique of humanism or “anthropologism” (that is, the tendency in modern thought to sift all knowledge through human knowledge). Specifically, the essay examines moments in Foucault's 1978 and 1979 lectures when Foucault clearly refers to the arguments of his earlier work, The Order of Things, the locus classicus of his philosophical antihumanism. In particular, Foucault claimed that economists of the Chicago School developed a theory of labor that escaped the limitations of the “anthropological” theory of labor associated with Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Karl Marx. He also interpreted the notion of homo oeconomicus and Smith's idea of the market's “invisible hand” as critiques of the characteristically modern attempt to make transcendental claims on the basis of human nature. The essay concludes by asking if Foucault's philosophical antihumanism provides an adequate vantage point from which to critique contemporary capitalism.
HOW WE LIVE WITH THE PAST NOW
Authors: Goldstein Jan E.
Published: October 2015

Michael Roth's new collection of essays, written over the last two decades, is held together by its author's pervasive concern with human temporality: our individual and collective passages through time, recorded by the faculty of memory, which pose some of our most intractable problems. The essays treat, and indeed provide a map to, several adjacent areas of inquiry: the history of the psychopathology of memory in the long nineteenth century; the vicissitudes of the trauma‐concept from its relatively modest medical origins to its postmodern apotheosis; and photography as a medium and art form embroiled in our relationship with the past. Roth's major interventions are threefold. First, while persuaded of the value of the psychoanalytic version of the trauma‐concept, he critiques the so‐called traumatophilia of postmodern theorists who, usually with reference to the Holocaust, seek to invest trauma with ethical valences and powers of legitimation or even, as in the case of Agamben, raise it to ontological status. Second, through his fine‐grained account of Freud's convergence with and divergence from his French colleagues, especially Charcot and Janet, Roth argues that the stunning breakthrough of psychoanalysis was to take the past seriously, to recognize the inevitable penetration of the past into the present in the human psyche as well our affective investment in and need to narrativize the past. For Roth, Freud's continued relevance today resides in what he has taught us about living with the past. Finally, Roth begins to develop the concept of “piety” as an attitude toward the past that fuels the writing of history. He leaves the concept in rudimentary form, but his evocative remarks suggest the fruitfulness of developing it further.
Dangerous liaisons: doctors‐in‐training and the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Pokorny A. M. J. , Gittins C. B.
Published: October 2015

Interaction between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry is long‐standing and ingrained in modern practice. Doctors‐in‐training are at a vulnerable stage of their careers, both in requiring knowledge and forming lasting relationships. There is evidence that limiting contact between industry and junior doctors has a positive effect on subsequent clinical behaviour. Currently in Australia, there is no limitation on pharmaceutical representatives approaching doctors‐in‐training, and the majority of education sessions are sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. This purposefully creates a sense of reciprocity, which may have adverse long‐term consequences on attitudes, behaviours and patient care. Several guidelines exist that may assist junior doctors in navigating these potential interactions, most notably the Royal Australasian College of Physicians' own Guidelines for Ethical Relationships between Physicians and Industry. Despite this, there is no reflection of its importance or necessity within subspecialty curricula. This should be rectified, to the benefit of both the profession and public.
Reframing Teachers’ Language Knowledge Through Metaphor Analysis of Language Portraits
Authors: COFFEY SIMON
Published: October 2015

As theoretical developments in applied linguistics challenge the dominant mentalist framing of cognition as knowledge residing in the head, new ways of understanding and recording teachers’ and students’ engagement with languages are needed. Structural and competence‐based formats for measuring proficiency posit an incremental model of learning as sequential mastery of language features acquired in a predictable order, but this is only one story of how languages are learnt. An alternative and emerging paradigm seeks to understand how different languages are experienced and appropriated subjectively in individual lives. In this article, I point to recent scholarship in language teacher education to show how critical language awareness entails reflecting not only on language content but also on perceptions of language(s) and language learning. I analyse a set of language portraits, produced in a workshop with teacher candidates, to demonstrate that language autobiographies, when used within a phenomenological perspective, elicit a broader reflexivity vis‐à‐vis teachers’ own language learning history (plurilingual repertoire) through recourse to different metaphors that are both embodied and emotional. This reframing extends the research agenda into language teacher cognition by bringing into teacher education different modes of reflexivity to encourage a more nuanced picture of how individuals relate to and personally invest in languages.
Understanding the Complex Processes in Developing Student Teachers’ Knowledge About Grammar
Authors: SVALBERG AGNETA M.–L.
Published: October 2015

This article takes the view that grammar is driven by user choices and is therefore complex and dynamic. This has implications for the teaching of grammar in language teacher education and how teachers’ cognitions about grammar, and hence their own grammar teaching, might change. In this small, interpretative study, the participants—students on an MA programme in the United Kingdom—were taught grammar from a functional perspective, but with mainly traditional classifications and metalanguage. They were required to negotiate solutions to grammar tasks designed to provokecognitive conflict(Tocalli–Beller, 2003) when the authentic language use of the texts did not conform to their prior knowledge. This was assumed to stimulate a high quality of engagement with language (EWL; Svalberg, 2009), thus facilitating the construction of new or enhanced knowledge about grammar. Analysis of the participants’ learner diaries, interviews, and workshop interactions reveal that cognitive conflict is an essential factor in the emergence of new understandings of complex grammar features and of grammar as meaning in context. The study contributes to the literature on inquiry‐based approaches to language learner education by the insights it provides into knowledge creation in such environments.
Genome‐wide association analyses reveal complex genetic architecture underlying natural variation for flowering time in canola
Authors: Raman H. , Raman R. , Coombes N. , Song J. , Prangnell R. , Bandaranayake C. , Tahira R. , Sundaramoorthi V. , Killian A. , Meng J. , Dennis E. S. , Balasubramanian S.
Published: October 2015

Optimum flowering time is the key to maximize canola production in order to meet global demand of vegetable oil, biodiesel and canola‐meal. We reveal extensive variation in flowering time across diverse genotypes of canola under field, glasshouse and controlled environmental conditions. We conduct a genome‐wide association study and identify 69 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with flowering time, which are repeatedly detected across experiments. Several associated SNPs occur in clusters across the canola genome; seven of them were detected within 20 Kb regions of a priori candidate genes; FLOWERING LOCUS T, FRUITFUL, FLOWERING LOCUS C, CONSTANS, FRIGIDA, PHYTOCHROME B and an additional five SNPs were localized within 14 Kb of a previously identified quantitative trait loci for flowering time. Expression analyses showed that among FLC paralogs, BnFLC.A2 accounts for ~23% of natural variation in diverse accessions. Genome‐wide association analysis for FLC expression levels mapped not only BnFLC.C2 but also other loci that contribute to variation in FLC expression. In addition to revealing the complex genetic architecture of flowering time variation, we demonstrate that the identified SNPs can be modelled to predict flowering time in diverse canola germplasm accurately and hence are suitable for genomic selection of adaptative traits in canola improvement programmes.
Long‐term outcomes of forest restoration in an urban park
Authors: Simmons Brady L. , Hallett Richard A. , Sonti Nancy Falxa , Auyeung D. S. N. , Lu Jacqueline W. T.
Published: October 2015

Creating, restoring, and sustaining forests in urban areas are complicated by habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and degraded soils. Although there is some research on the outcomes of urban reforestation plantings during the first 5 years, there is little research on longer term outcomes. Here, we compare the successional trajectories of restored and unrestored forest sites 20 years after initiating restoration. The sites are located within the Rodman's Neck area of Pelham Bay Park, in the northeast corner of the Bronx in New York City (NYC), U.S.A. Compared with unrestored sites, we saw improvements in species diversity, greater forest structure complexity, and evidence of the regeneration and retention of native tree species in restored sites. In addition, we found differences in restoration outcomes depending on the level of intervention: clearing exotic shrubs and vines and planting native trees and shrubs improved tree diversity and canopy closure to a greater extent than clearing exotics alone, and the mechanical removal of invasive plants after the native plantings further improved some measures of restoration, such as tree species diversity and native tree regeneration. The results of this study suggest that the goal of a sustainable forest ecosystem dominated by native trees and other plant species may not be achievable without continued human intervention on site. In addition, these results indicate that the restoration approach adopted by NYC's reforestation practitioners is moving the site toward a more desirable vegetative community dominated by native species.
Identification of a novel HLA‐B*46:01 variant, HLA‐B*46:01:20, in a Taiwanese unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Hung J. H. , Lin P. Y.
Published: October 2015

One nucleotide replacement at residue 528 of HLA‐B*46:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐B*46:01:20.
Retinal detachment postphacoemulsification in Bichon Frises: a retrospective study of 54 dogs
Authors: Pryor Silvia G. , Bentley Ellison , McLellan Gillian J. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Rankin Amy J. , Labelle Amber L. , Buhr Kevin A.
Published: October 2015

Objective

To compare rates of retinal detachment (RD) postphacoemulsification in American Bichon Frises with and without prophylactic retinopexy.

Procedures

Medical records of 54 Bichon Frises undergoing phacoemulsification with or without prophylactic retinopexy between 2003 and 2013 in one or both eyes were reviewed from five Midwestern university veterinary teaching hospitals. Inclusion criteria were preoperativeERG, at least 6 months of follow‐up postphacoemulsification, and the absence of preexistingRDas determined by ophthalmic examination and/or ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐squared test, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests and Wilson confidence intervals with theP‐value <0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Phacoemulsification was performed without retinopexy in 79 eyes (42 dogs, non‐PRgroup) and with prophylactic retinopexy in 23 eyes (12 dogs,PRgroup). Incidence of diabetes mellitus was 10/42 and 3/12 in the non‐PRand thePRgroups, respectively (P= 0.93). Intraocular lens implantation was performed in 40/42 non‐PRdogs and 11/12PRdogs (P= 0.63, 73/79 vs. 21/23 eyes). At final re‐examination,RDoccurred in 4/79 eyes without retinopexy, compared to 0/23RDin the retinopexy group. There was no statistically significant difference inRDrates between the two groups (P= 0.27).

Conclusions

These data provide no statistical evidence to support prophylactic retinopexy in Bichon Frises. Due to the low rate of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification without prophylactic retinopexy, the procedure appears to offer limited benefit to offset cost, procedural risk, and risk of extended or repeated anesthesia in Bichon Frises.
Keratomycosis in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) treated with topical 1% terbinafine ointment
Authors: Bourguet Aurélie , Guyonnet Alexandre , Donzel Elise , Guillot Jacques , Pignon Charly , Chahory Sabine
Published: October 2015

This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of a 2‐year‐old spayed female dwarf rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) suffering from an ulcerative keratitis and a stromal abscess with a rapid evolution. The diagnosis of fungal keratitis was based on fungal culture identifying the pathogen asAspergillus fumigatus. Treatment by topical terbinafine was efficacious in resolving the keratomycosis within 8 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous keratomycosis in a rabbit and the first description of successful therapy by terbinafine.
Genome Sequence of a Distinct Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Authors: Tomás Gonzalo , Hernández Martín , Marandino Ana , Hernández Diego , Techera Claudia , Grecco Sofía , Panzera Yanina , Pérez Ruben
Published: October 2015

Infectious bursal disease virus is a relevant avian pathogen that affects poultry production. Here, we report the full-length coding sequence of the Uruguayan strain dIBDV/UY/2014/2202, isolated from a commercial broiler flock. The strain belongs to the distinct IBDV lineage that is widely distributed in South America.
Genome Sequences of 64 Non-O157:H7 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Toro Magaly , Cao Guojie , Rump Lydia , Nagaraja T. G. , Meng Jianghong , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: October 2015

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are human pathogens. Although >400 non-O157 serotypes have been involved in human disease, whole-genome sequencing information is missing for many serotypes. We sequenced 64 STEC strains comprising 38 serotypes, isolated from clinical sources, animals, and environmental samples, to improve the phylogenetic understanding of these important foodborne pathogens.
Complete Genome Sequences of Six South African Rabies Viruses
Authors: Sabeta Claude , Phahladira Baby , Marston Denise A. , Wise Emma L. , Ellis Richard J. , Fooks Anthony R.
Published: October 2015

South African rabies viruses (RABVs) from dogs and jackals (canid viruses) are highly related and most likely originated from a single progenitor. RABV is the cause of most global human rabies cases. The complete genome sequences of 3 RABVs from South Africa and Zimbabwe are reported here.
Genome Sequencing of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 4, Biovar 4, and Phylotype I, Strain YC45, Isolated from
Rhizoma kaempferiae
in Southern China
Authors: She Xiaoman , Tang Yafei , He Zifu , Lan Guobing
Published: October 2015

Ralstonia solanacearum
is an important phytopathogen that attacks over 400 plant species, including
Zingiberaceae
plants. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain YC45, which was isolated from
Rhizoma kaempferiae
in southern China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Erwinia billingiae OSU19-1, Isolated from a Pear Tree Canker
Authors: Klein Jeannie M. , Bennett Rhett W. , MacFarland Logan , Abranches Da Silva Megan E. , Meza-Turner Britney M. , Dark Phillip M. , Frey Mackenzie E. , Wellappili Dulani P. , Beugli Aron D. , Jue Holman J. , Mellander Joshua M. , Wei Wei , Ream Walt
Published: October 2015

Plant-associated
Erwinia
include pathogenic and nonpathogenic species
.
We report the 5.6-Mb genome sequence of
Erwinia billingiae
OSU19-1, isolated from a canker on a pear tree inoculated with
Erwinia amylovora
. OSU19-1 and a closely related European isolate,
E. billingiae
Eb661
T
, share many similarities including 40 kb of plasmid sequence.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis Clinical Strain 1595, Isolated from the Laryngopharyngeal Lymph Node of South Korean Cattle
Authors: Kim Narae , Jang Yunho , Kim Jin Kyoung , Ryoo Soyoon , Kwon Ka Hee , Kang Shin Seok , Byeon Hyeon Seop , Lee Hee Soo , Lim Young-Hee , Kim Jae-Myung
Published: October 2015

Mycobacterium bovis
strain 1595 was isolated from the lymph node of South Korean native cattle. The complete genome sequence of strain 1595 was determined in 2 contigs and was found to be 4,351,712 bp in size, with a 65.64% G+C content and 4,358 predicted protein-coding genes.
Genome Comparison of an Ancestral Isolate and a Modern Isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Beijing Lineage from São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Lia Lima , Marin Michel Abanto , Lasunskaia Elena , Vasconcellos Sidra Ezidio Gonçalves , Araujo Marcelo Emanuel Ivens de , de Miranda Antonio Basílio , Suffys Philip Noel
Published: October 2015

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
of the Bejing subtype (
Mtb
B) is transmitted efficiently in high burden countries for this genotype. A higher virulence was associated with isolates of the “modern” Beijing genotype sub-lineages when compared to “ancient” ones. Here, we report the full genomes of the strain representing these two genotypes from Brazil, a country with a low incidence of
Mtb
B.
Complete Genome Sequence of Citrobacter freundii Myophage Michonne
Authors: Bernal Christopher L. , Berkowitz Victoria E. , Cahill Jesse L. , Rasche Eric S. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F.
Published: October 2015

Citrobacter freundii
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes dangerous infections such as neonatal meningitis.
C. freundii
also harbors antibiotic resistance, making phages infecting this host valuable tools. Here, we announce the complete genome of the
C. freundii
FelixO1-like myophage Michonne and describe its notable features.
Complete Genome Sequence of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Myophage Matisse
Authors: Provasek Vincent E. , Lessor Lauren E. , Cahill Jesse L. , Rasche Eric S. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F.
Published: October 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in the United States. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, phages targeting
K. pneumoniae
may be a useful alternative against this pathogen. Here, we announce the complete genome of
K. pneumoniae
pseudo-T-even myophage Matisse and describe its features.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing K. pneumoniae Myophage Miro
Authors: Mijalis Eleni M. , Lessor Lauren E. , Cahill Jesse L. , Rasche Eric S. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F.
Published: October 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative pathogen frequently associated with antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections. Bacteriophage therapy against
K. pneumoniae
may be possible to combat these infections. The following describes the complete genome sequence and key features of the pseudo-T-even
K. pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
K. pneumoniae
myophage Miro.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolate
Authors: Bekal Sadjia , Lin Alex , Vincent André , Berry Chrystal , Gilmour Matthew , Fournier Éric , Côté Jean-Charles , Tremblay Cécile
Published: October 2015

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a necrotoxigenicEscherichia colistrain isolated from a patient following a very rapidly evolving, lethal necrotizing fasciitis.
Screening for the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication: findings of a 6-year quality improvement programme in the UK
Authors: Barnes T R E , Bhatti S F , Adroer R , Paton C
Published: October 2015

Objectives

To increase the frequency and quality of screening for the metabolic syndrome in people prescribed continuing antipsychotic medication.

Design

An audit-based, quality improvement programme (QIP) with customised feedback to participating mental health services after each audit, including benchmarked data on their relative and absolute performance against an evidence-based practice standard and the provision of bespoke change interventions.

Setting

Adult, assertive outreach, community psychiatric services in the UK.

Participants

6 audits were conducted between 2006 and 2012. 21 mental health Trusts participated in the baseline audit in 2006, submitting data on screening for 1966 patients, while 32 Trusts participated in the 2012 audit, submitting data on 1591 patients.

Results

Over the 6 years of the programme, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of patients for whom measures for all 4 aspects of the metabolic syndrome had been documented in the clinical records in the previous year, from just over 1 in 10 patients in 2006 to just over 1 in 3 by 2012. The proportion of patients with no evidence of any screening fell from almost ½ to 1 in 7 patients over the same period.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that audit-based QIPs can help improve clinical practice in relation to physical healthcare screening. Nevertheless, they also reveal that only a minority of community psychiatric patients prescribed antipsychotic medication is screened for the metabolic syndrome in accordance with best practice recommendations, and therefore potentially remediable causes of poor physical health remain undetected and untreated.