bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F‐wave latencies in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pan Hua , Jian Fan , Lin Jinxi , Chen Na , Zhang Chunfang , Zhang Zaiqiang , Ding Zeyu , Wang Yongjun , Cui Liying , Kimura Jun
Published: November 2013

Introduction: To evaluate the sensitivity of electrophysiologic assessments, we compared F‐waves and motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (MNCS and SNCS) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We tested median, ulnar, tibial, and fibular nerves in 132 DM patients divided into those with and without clinical evidence of polyneuropathy. Results: Of 64 asymptomatic patients, 2 (3%) had MNCS or SNCS abnormalities, both of whom had F‐wave changes, whereas 21 (33%) had only delayed F‐waves, for a combined yield of 23 (36%). The corresponding values for 68 symptomatic patients consisted of 43 (63%), 14 (21%), and 57 (84%). In both groups, F‐wave latency had a higher (P < 0.05) frequency of abnormality than MNCS in all nerves. F‐wave study also surpassed SNCS in lower limb nerves. Conclusions: F‐waves of the tibial and fibular nerves are the most sensitive measure to detect subclinical or overt diabetic polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 49: 804–808, 2014
The role and application of social marketing in managing water consumption: a case study
Authors: Lowe Ben , Lynch David , Lowe Julian
Published: November 2013

Water shortages are an increasingly significant social and economic issue in many countries. Increasing the supply of water is one solution (e.g. desalination plants, new dams), but such measures are expensive. Using price to manage household water demand may be viewed as socially unequitable and politically contentious. Social marketing campaigns, where voluntary behaviour change is the goal, provide the potential to foster sustainable consumption of an increasingly scarce yet essential resource. This paper details a case study of successful water demand management in a drought affected region of South‐Eastern Australia. In this region, water consumption was reduced to more sustainable levels through a targeted and successful social marketing campaign. This case is of significant relevance to the field of Social Marketing where there are increasing calls for research into environmental issues in general and water consumption in particular (Kotler, 2011). The extant research literature and this case study are integrated to form several propositions about household water consumption behaviour. Consequently, this paper contributes to the literature by providing a conceptualisation of how residents respond to water conservation related social marketing campaigns. Key issues include the potential for reciprocal behaviour by consumers when a water authority is perceived to manage the water problem effectively, and linking behaviour change through structural approaches (e.g. subsidies and restrictions) and voluntarist approaches (e.g. attitudinal change).

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) for beginners – how to adjust settings for tissue imaging
Authors: Bodzon‐Kulakowska Anna , Drabik Anna , Ner Joanna , Kotlinska Jolanta Helena , Suder Piotr
Published: November 2013

RATIONALE

Desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) is the ambient technique used for surface imaging. Despite its simplicity, the proper use of this technique is not easy, and usually leads to discouragement, especially in the case of biological sample measurements. Here, we present some tips and tricks which may be helpful during a complex process of ion source optimisation to achieve the desired results.

METHODS

Rat liver tissue as an example of a biological sample and a surface covered with rhodamine‐containing marker were measured using a DESI ion source (OMNIspray source, Prosolia, Indianapolis, IN, USA) connected to a AmaZon ETD ion trap mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany).

RESULTS

The geometry of the ion source (nebulisation capillary angle, its distance to the surface, and to the MS inlet), and other settings like nebulising gas pressure, solvent flow and capillary voltage, were changed during the optimisation process. The results obtained for different parameters are presented.

CONCLUSIONS

Differences between the results and the method of optimisation for biological and non‐biological samples were shown. The influence of different parameters on the quality of mass spectra was indicated. Optimal parameters for the tissue and non‐biological sample analysis were suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can Inner Peace be Improved by Mindfulness Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Xu Wei , Wang Yuzheng , Williams J. Mark G. , Geng Yan , Zhang Qian , Liu Xin
Published: November 2013

This article reports a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether mindfulness training can successfully improve inner peace in participants with no known mental disorder. Fifty‐seven participants were randomized to either mindfulness training (n = 29) or wait‐list control (n = 28). The experience sampling method was used to measure the fleeting momentary experience of inner peace in participants. In addition, we used an experimental approach to assessing ability to focus attention: the Meditation Breath Attention Score, as well as the self‐report Five‐Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Compared with the wait‐list control group, mindfulness training led to an increase in scores of inner peace, Meditation Breath Attention Score and FFMQ, using analysis of repeated measures analysis of variance. Change in inner peace was not, however, mediated by changes in self‐rated mindfulness (FFMQ) nor by increased attentional focus. The findings provide first evidence suggesting that using mindfulness training improves the participants' inner peace. The focus here was on the immediate effects and future studies need to use follow‐up. © 2013 The Authors. Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Three‐wave Study of Antecedents of Work–Family Enrichment: The Roles of Social Resources and Affect
Authors: Siu Oi Ling , Bakker Arnold B. , Brough Paula , Lu Chang‐qin , Wang Haijiang , Kalliath Thomas , O'Driscoll Michael , Lu Jiafang , Timms Carolyn
Published: November 2013

On the basis of conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, ) and the resource‐gain‐development perspective (Wayne, Grzywacz, Carlson, & Kacmar, ), this paper examines the differential impact of specific social resources (supervisory support and family support) on specific types of affect (job satisfaction and family satisfaction, respectively), which, in turn, influence work‐to‐family enrichment and family‐to‐work enrichment, respectively. A sample of 276 Chinese workers completed questionnaires in a three‐wave survey. The model was tested with structural equation modelling. Job satisfaction at time 2 partially mediated the relationship between time 1 supervisory support and time 3 work‐to‐family enrichment (capital), and the effect of supervisory support on work‐to‐family enrichment (affect) was fully mediated by job satisfaction. Family satisfaction at time 2 fully mediated the relationship between time 1 family support and time 3 family‐to‐work enrichment (affect, efficiency). Implications for theory, practice and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the dose‐dependent acute nephrotoxicity with paraquat in a rat model
Authors: Rifaioglu Murat Mehmet , Sefil Fatih , Gokce Hasan , Nacar Ahmet , Dorum Bayram Ali , Davarci Mursel
Published: November 2013

Paraquat (PQ), which is used extensively as a potent herbicide throughout the world, is highly toxic in humans. We aimed to determine PQ‐induced biochemical and histologic changes in the kidneys, and to evaluate the ability of the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against PQ‐induced injury in rats. Forty‐eight rats were divided into eight groups of six: Group 1: Control; Group 2: 10 μmol/kg CAPE; Group 3: 15 mg/kg PQ; Group 4: 30 mg/kg PQ; Group 5: 45 mg/kg PQ; Group 6: 15 mg/kg PQ+CAPE; Group 7: 30 mg/kg PQ+CAPE; Group 8: 45 mg/kg PQ+CAPE. PQ and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally. The levels of the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in the supernatants of the excised left kidney. Right kidney tissue of each rat was removed to obtain a histologic score. When PQ‐administrated (15, 30, 45) groups compared with other groups, TOS values were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.01). PQ (15, 30, 45) groups had significantly diminished values of TAS than the other groups (p < 0.001). Of histologic score evaluation, only the PQ45 group had a significantly higher value than the sham, and CAPE groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, in CAPE+PQ45 group, the level of histologic score was decreased compared to PQ45 group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the evaluation of the data suggests that CAPE can be used to prevent the acute effects of PQ nephrotoxicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 375–381, 2015.
Molecular Structures of Dimeric and Trimeric Dineopentylaluminum Hydride and Trimeric Diphenylaluminum Hydride
Authors: Uhl Werner , Appelt Christian , Backs Jana , Klöcker Hans , Vinogradov Andrej , Westenberg Hauke
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of dineopentylaluminum hydride, H‐Al(CH2CMe3)2, is known in the literature since 1988. We determined the crystal structure of this important starting material and found different ring sizes with dimeric versus trimeric formula units. The molecular shape depends on the polarity of the solvent used for recrystallization (n‐pentane or 1,2‐difluorobenzene). The synthesis of diphenylaluminum hydride, which is also long known in the literature, was optimized. It has a trimeric structure in the solid state with an Al3H3 heterocycle.
5d gauge theories on orbifolds and 4d ’t Hooft line indices
Authors: Mekareeya Noppadol , Rodríguez-Gómez Diego
Published: November 2013

Abstract

We study indices for 5d gauge theories on S
1 × S
4
/ℤ
n
. In the large orbifold limit, n → ∞, we find evidence that the indices become 4d indices in the presence of a ’t Hooft line operator. The non-perturbative part of the index poses some subtleties when being compared to the 4d monopole bubbling which happens in the presence of ’t Hooft line operators. We study such monopole bubbling indices and find an interesting connection to the Hilbert series of the moduli space of instantons on an auxiliary ALE space.
Natural history of Sanfilippo syndrome type A
Authors: Buhrman Dakota , Thakkar Kavita , Poe Michele , Escolar Maria L.
Published: November 2013

Objective

To describe the natural history of Sanfilippo syndrome type A.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 46 children (21 boys, 25 girls) with Sanfilippo syndrome type A evaluated between January 2000 and April 2013. Assessments included neurodevelopmental evaluations, audiologic testing, and assessment of growth, adaptive behavior, cognitive behavior, motor function, and speech/language skills. Only the baseline evaluation was included for patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Results

Median age at diagnosis was 35 months, with a median delay between initial symptoms to diagnosis of 24 months. The most common initial symptoms were speech/language delay (48 %), dysmorphology (22 %), and hearing loss (20 %). Early behavioral problems included perseverative chewing and difficulty with toilet training. All children developed sleep difficulties and behavioral changes (e.g., hyperactivity, aggression). More than 93 % of the children experienced somatic symptoms such as hepatomegaly (67 %), abnormal dentition (39 %), enlarged tongue (37 %), coarse facial features (76 %), and protuberant abdomen (43 %). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed a 60 % probability of surviving past 17 years of age.

Conclusions

Sanfilippo type A is characterized by severe hearing loss and speech delay, followed by a rapid decline in cognitive skills by 3 years of age. Significant somatic disease occurs in more than half of patients. Behavioral difficulties presented between 2 and 4 years of age during a rapid period of cognitive decline. Gross motor abilities are maintained during this period, which results in an active child with impaired cognition. Sleep difficulties are concurrent with the period of cognitive degeneration. There is currently an unacceptable delay in diagnosis, highlighting the need to increase awareness of this disease among clinicians.
Three-Mode Factor Analysis by Means of Candecomp/Parafac
Authors: Stegeman Alwin , Lam Tam T. T.
Published: November 2013

A three-mode covariance matrix contains covariances of N observations (e.g., subject scores) on J variables for K different occasions or conditions. We model such an JK×JK covariance matrix as the sum of a (common) covariance matrix having Candecomp/Parafac form, and a diagonal matrix of unique variances. The Candecomp/Parafac form is a generalization of the two-mode case under the assumption of parallel factors. We estimate the unique variances by Minimum Rank Factor Analysis. The factors can be chosen oblique or orthogonal. Our approach yields a model that is easy to estimate and easy to interpret. Moreover, the unique variances, the factor covariance matrix, and the communalities are guaranteed to be proper, a percentage of explained common variance can be obtained for each variable-condition combination, and the estimated model is rotationally unique under mild conditions. We apply our model to several datasets in the literature, and demonstrate our estimation procedure in a simulation study.
Evaluating Predictors of Dispersion: A Comparison of Dominance Analysis and Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Shou Yiyun , Smithson Michael
Published: November 2013

Conventional measures of predictor importance in linear models are applicable only when the assumption of homoscedasticity is satisfied. Moreover, they cannot be adapted to evaluating predictor importance in models of heteroscedasticity (i.e., dispersion), an issue that seems not to have been systematically addressed in the literature. We compare two suitable approaches, Dominance Analysis (DA) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), for simultaneously evaluating predictor importance in models of location and dispersion. We apply them to the beta general linear model as a test-case, illustrating this with an example using real data. Simulations using several different model structures, sample sizes, and degrees of multicollinearity suggest that both DA and BMA largely agree on the relative importance of predictors of the mean, but differ when ranking predictors of dispersion. The main implication of these findings for researchers is that the choice between DA and BMA is most important when they wish to evaluate the importance of predictors of dispersion.
Synbiotic Food Consumption Reduces Levels of Triacylglycerols and VLDL, but not Cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in Plasma from Pregnant Women
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohsen , Hashemi Teibeh , Shakeri Hossein , Abedi Fatemeh , Sabihi Sima‐Sadat , Alizadeh Sabihe‐Alsadat , Asemi Zatolla
Published: November 2013

To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic food consumption on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic food on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women. This randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 primigravida pregnant women, aged 18 to 35‐year‐old at their third trimester. After a 2‐week run‐in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic (n = 26) or control food (n = 26) for 9 weeks. The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic viable and heat‐resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 107 CFU) and 0.04 g inulin (HPX)/g as the prebiotic. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods two times a day. Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profiles, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione (GSH) were conducted before and after 9 weeks of intervention. Consumption of a synbiotic food for 9 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in serum TAG (P = 0.04), VLDL (P = 0.04) and a significant rise in plasma GSH levels (P = 0.004) compared to the control food. No significant effects of the synbiotic food consumption on serum TC, LDL, HDL and plasma TAC levels (P > 0.05) were observed. Trial registry code: http://www.irct.ir. IRCT201212105623N3.
Organic Walled Microbiota from the Silicified Algal Clasts, Bhander Limestone, Satna Area, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Pandey S. K. , Kumar S.
Published: November 2013

A good assemblage of organic-walled microbiota has been discovered from the petrographic thin sections of the black-bedded chert of the Bhander limestone, exposed at Sajjanpur area of Satna district and Ramnoi area of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh. The assemblage is made up of the following forms: Synodophycus euthemos, Myxococcoides minor, Coniunctiophycus gaoyuzhuangense, Siphonophycus kestron, Siphonophycus robustum, Eoentophysalis magna, Glenobotrydion aenigmatis and Huroniospora microreticulata. The assemblage comprises both filamentous as well as coccoidal forms of cyanobacterial affinity. The forms are associated with algal clasts.
Case Study of Reservoir Triggered Seismicity, Latian Dam, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Asadollahfardi Gholamreza , Aghda Mohamad Fatemi , Rahbar Mehdi
Published: November 2013

Latian dam is located in the North East of Tehran in Elburz Mountain. It falls in the category of large dams according to the International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD). It was constructed in 1967 for agricultural purposes, drinking water, and power generation. Producing triggered earthquakes may be a consequent result of dam construction. In this paper, the complete seismic statistics of the region from 1996 onwards has been studied to understand the seismic condition of Latain region. For this purpose, frequency of earthquakes within a radius of 30/60 km around the dam is studied considering its relationship with the reservoir volume variation. Using Gutenberg-Richter rule, parameter b of the region was determined within the same region. The results of this study show the existence of triggered seismicity around the reservoir of Latian dam. Considering the tectonic-geological condition of the region, the existence of triggered earthquakes may create landslides in the reservoir and around it.
Study on a Computing Technique Suitable for True 3D Modeling of Complex Geologic Bodies
Authors: Jun-Qi Liu , Xiao-Ping Mao , Chong-Long Wu , Zhang-Qian
Published: November 2013

True 3D solid modeling of complex geologic bodies still face many difficulties. In this paper, a new technique of true 3D solid modeling is addressed, which incorporates the application of 2D&3D interactive aided section technology to revise scatter point aggregates , the means of two-body 3D data structure (improved B-rep 3D solid data structure) to organize data and the usage of vector shear technology for modeling. Based on such techniques, a true 3D solid model of a large hydropower engineering project in southern China was built to serve as intuitive platform for engineering survey, design, and construction. In the light of its wide application to many projects, it can be considered as a reasonable and effective method for 3D modeling of complex geologic bodies.
Pre-conditioning Factors and Susceptibility Assessments of Wenchuan Earthquake Landslide at the Zhouqu Segment of Bailongjiang Basin, China
Authors: Bai Shibiao , Xu Qiang , Wang Jian , Zhou Pinggen
Published: November 2013

In this study, we present a landslide susceptibility assessment carried out after the devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang basin in north-western China landslide susceptibility was computed by a logistic regression method. This region has been experiencing landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake, the 878 post Wenchuan earthquake landslides and collapses inventory build up by combination the field investigation, monoscopic manual interpretation, image classification and texture analysis using SPOT 5 and ALOS remote-sensing image data. All data derived from remote sensing images are validated during field investigations. The landslide pre-disposing factor database was constructed. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 x 30 m resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake is used. The statistical analysis of the relation between Wencuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors show the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions for earthquake-triggered slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into a training and validation set. The prediction capability analysis showed that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities in this region.
Computational Analysis of the Experimental Physical Model: Karstic Layer in Dam Foundation
Authors: Behnamtalab Ehsan
Published: November 2013

Karstic rocks (soluble rocks) exist in different areas of the world having useful/harmful structural and environmental impacts. One of the useful aspect is availability of rich water resources in some regions. An important defect of this kind of rocks is their low strength against water flows. These rocks usually dissolve in acidic water and as a result abundant caverns are created inside them. The gypsum and salt present in these rocks dissolve even in non-acidic water. Presence of these rocks in different foundations and reservoirs especially in dams could be potentially dangerous and cause enormous problems.

If dams are located above soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite or gypsum they are endangered by karstification. Karstification is a dynamic process resulting in voids within the rocks due to dissolution. This dissolution leads to the formation of a pipe system within the sub-surface

In the physical modeling, effects of cut-off wall height within gypsum layer were examined and monitored. Then with GeoStudio and Flac software, results of physical modeling are analyzed.

In each experiment, cut-off wall height was changed. The result of the experiments indicated that as the gypsum Karst is very weak against water, cut-off wall must continue completely within the gypsum layer, as a complete positive cut-off wall.
Results of the 2013 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A.
Published: November 2013

AORN conducted its 11th annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June 2013. A multiple regression model was used to examine how a number of variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region affect nurse compensation. Comparisons among the 2013 data and previous years’ data are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials on base compensation rates are also examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the current economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.
Structural and mutational analysis reveals that CTNNBL1 binds NLSs in a manner distinct from that of its closest armadillo‐relative, karyopherin α
Authors: Ganesh Karuna , van Maldegem Febe , Telerman Stephanie B. , Simpson Paul , Johnson Christopher M. , Williams Roger L. , Neuberger Michael S. , Rada Cristina
Published: November 2013

CTNNBL1 is a spliceosome‐associated protein that binds nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in splice factors CDC5L and Prp31 as well as the antibody diversifying enzyme AID. Here, crystal structures of human CTNNBL1 reveal a distinct structure from its closest homologue karyopherin‐α. CTNNBL1 comprises a HEAT‐like domain (including a nuclear export signal), a central armadillo domain, and a coiled‐coil C‐terminal domain. Structure‐guided mutations of the region homologous to the karyopherin‐α NLS‐binding site fail to disrupt CTNNBL1–NLS interactions. Our results identify CTNNBL1 as a unique selective NLS‐binding protein with striking differences from karyopherin‐αs.
Supplier relationship‐specific investments and the role of safeguards for supplier innovation sharing
Authors: Wagner Stephan M. , Bode Christoph
Published: November 2013

The vast majority of the supplier innovation literature has focused on how buying firms can effectively “pull” innovations from their suppliers. Yet, we know remarkably little about the factors that contribute to a supplier voluntarily “pushing” innovations to its customers. The present study addresses this research gap in the context of industrial buyer–supplier relationships and with a specific focus on relationship‐specific investments. Drawing on theory from the relationship‐marketing literature and on transaction cost theory, we devise and test a proposed theoretical model that links the level of a supplier's relationship‐specific investments to its sharing of innovative ideas regarding products and processes with customers. The model also considers the role of contract length, relationship age, and buyer–supplier cooperation as possible safeguards. The empirical results suggest that a supplier's relationship‐specific investments encourage a supplier to suggest ideas of process innovations but to refrain from suggestions about product innovations. The latter effect, however, can be attenuated by appropriate formal and informal safeguards.
Functional characterization of a novel FGFR1OP‐RET rearrangement in hematopoietic malignancies
Authors: Bossi Daniela , Carlomagno Francesca , Pallavicini Isabella , Pruneri Giancarlo , Trubia Maurizio , Raviele Paola Rafaniello , Marinelli Alessandra , Anaganti Suresh , Cox Maria Christina , Viale Giuseppe , Santoro Massimo , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Minucci Saverio
Published: November 2013

The RET (REarranged during Transfection) receptor tyrosine kinase is targeted by oncogenic rearrangements in thyroid and lung adenocarcinoma. Recently, a RET (exon 12) rearrangement with FGFR1OP [fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) oncogene partner] (exon 12) was identified in one chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patient. We report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel FGFR1OP (exon 11)‐RET (exon 11) gene fusion event (named FGFR1OP‐RET), mediated by a reciprocal translocation t(6; 10)(q27; q11), in a patient affected by primary myelofibrosis (PMF) with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The FGFR1OP‐RET fusion protein displayed constitutive tyrosine kinase and transforming activity in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and induced IL3‐independent growth and activation of PI3K/STAT signaling in hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells. FGFR1OP‐RET supported cytokine‐independent growth, protection from stress and enhanced self‐renewal of primary murine hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in vitro. In vivo, FGFR1OP‐RET caused a spectrum of disease phenotypes, with >50% of mice showing a fatal myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Other phenotypes were leukemia transplantable in secondary recipients, dramatic expansion of the mast cell lineage, and reduction of repopulating activity upon lethal irradiation. In conclusion, FGFR1OP‐RET chimeric oncogenes are endowed with leukemogenic potential and associated to myeloid neoplasms (CMML and PMF/AML).
Native iron in Quaternary deposits of the Darhad Basin (northern Mongolia)
Authors: Pechersky D.M. , Gil’manova D.M. , Kazansky A.Yu. , Krivonogov S.K. , Nurgaliev D.K. , Tsel’movich V.A.
Published: November 2013

Quaternary sediments from the borehole DBC-1 drilled in the Darhad Basin, northern Mongolia, have been studied by thermomagnetic analysis (248 samples) and probe microanalysis (9 samples) to determine the origin (cosmic or terrestrial) of native iron. Most of the samples showed extremely low contents of native iron. Only 26 samples have iron in contents sufficient for its reliable identification (10–5–10–3%). The negligible content of native iron in the Darhad Basin sediments distinguishes them from the earlier studied sediments of different geologic associations of Eurasia and the Atlantic, which we explain by the high sedimentation rate in this basin. However, the bimodal distribution of native-iron contents in the samples with a distinct “zero” mode, similar to that in the objects of Eurasia and the Atlantic, testifies to the predominantly cosmic origin of the native iron.
The Theory of Democratic Elitism Revisited: A Response to Vengroff
and Morton
Authors: Sniderman Paul M. , Fletcher Joseph F. , Russel Peter H. , Tetlock Philip E. , Prior Markus
Published: November 2013

Two questions have dominated the modern study of politics. How do
political systems become democratic? And how, supposing they have managed to become democratic, do they manage to remain so? As yet, there is no agreement on the answer to the first question. For a generation, however, there has been consensus on a core part of the answer to the second. In democratic polities, political elites have come to consensus in support of democratic rights, and in times of political stress
this elite consensus has served as a bulwark protecting citizens' liberties.
Value Distribution and Linear Operators
Authors: Halburd R. , Korhonen R.
Published: November 2013

Nevanlinna's second main theorem is a far-reaching generalization of Picard's theorem concerning the value distribution of an arbitrary meromorphic function f. The theorem takes the form of an inequality containing a ramification term in which the zeros and poles of the derivative f′ appear. We show that a similar result holds for special subfields of meromorphic functions where the derivative is replaced by a more general linear operator, such as higher-order differential operators and differential-difference operators. We subsequently derive generalizations of Picard's theorem and the defect relations.
DO THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMALE HIV INFECTION VARY BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CAMEROON?
Authors: MUMAH JOYCE N. , JACKSON-SMITH DOUGLAS
Published: November 2013

One of the most consistent findings in social epidemiology is an inverse relationship between indicators of SES and most types of illness. However, a growing body of research on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa suggests an intriguing reversal of this pattern, particularly with respect to HIV among women. In Cameroon, specifically, high-SES women have higher rates of HIV infection compared with low-SES women. Using data from the 2004 Cameroon DHS, this study explored the relationships between SES and HIV and tested a multivariate model designed to highlight the distinctive factors associated with increased risk of HIV among women in different SES classes. The results revealed that high-SES women who reported engaging in riskier sexual behaviour had the highest levels of HIV infection. Surprisingly, among this group increased knowledge of HIV, more domestic decision-making authority and access to health care did not reduce vulnerability. Meanwhile, among low-SES women relative gender inequality was significantly related to HIV risk. Specifically, among this group of women, having a partner with higher education was strongly associated with greater HIV risk. The results suggest that different approaches targeting each sub-group are needed to effectively combat the disease.
Low-dimensional relativistic degeneracy in quantum plasmas
Authors: AKBARI-MOGHANJOUGHI M. , ESFANDYARI-KALEJAHI A.
Published: November 2013

In this work we investigate the effect of relativistic degeneracy on different properties of low-dimensional quantum plasmas. Using the dielectric response from the conventional quantum hydrodynamic model, including the quantum diffraction effect (Bohm potential) on free electrons, we explore the existence of the Shukla–Eliasson attractive screening and possibility of the ion structure formation in low-dimensional, completely degenerate electron–ion plasmas. A generalized degeneracy pressure expression for arbitrary relativity parameter in two-dimensional case is derived, indicating that change in the polytropic index (change in the equation of state) for the two-dimensional quantum fluid takes place at the electron number-density of n0 ≃ 1.1 × 1020cm−2 whereas this is known to occur for the three-dimensional case in the electron density of n0 ≃ 5.9 × 1029cm−3. Also, a generalized dielectric function valid for all dimensionalities and densities of a degenerate electron gas is calculated, and distinct properties of electron–ion plasmas, such as static screening, structure factor and Thomson scattering, are investigated in terms of plasma dimensionality.
Comparison of epifaunal assemblages betweenCymodocea nodosaandCaulerpa proliferameadows in Gran Canaria (eastern Atlantic)
Authors: Png-Gonzalez Lydia , Vázquez-Luis Maite , Tuya Fernando
Published: November 2013

Epifaunal invertebrates are sensitive to changes in the identity of the dominant host plant, so assessing differences in the structure of epifaunal assemblages is particularly pertinent in areas where seagrasses have been replaced by alternative vegetation (e.g. green seaweeds). In this study, we aimed to compare the diversity, abundance and structure of epifaunal assemblages, particularly amphipods, between meadows dominated by the seagrassCymodocea nodosaand the green rhizophytic algaeCaulerpa proliferaon shallow soft bottoms of Gran Canaria Island, determining whether patterns were temporally consistent between two times. The epifaunal assemblage structure (abundance and composition) consistently differed between both plants, those assemblages associated withC. prolifera-dominated beds being more diverse and abundant relative toC. nodosameadows. Amphipods constituted ~70% of total crustaceans for the overall study, including 37 species belonging to 16 families. The amphipod abundance was ~3 times larger inC. prolifera-dominated beds than inC. nodosameadows. We detected species-specific affinities; for example,Microdeutopus stationis, Dexamine spinosa, Aora spinicornis, Ischyrocerus inexpectatusandApherusa bispinosawere more abundant inC. prolifera-dominated beds; while the caprellidMantacaprella macaronensisdominated inC. nodosameadows. However, some species, such asPseudoprotella phasmaandAmpithoe ramondi,were found in both habitats with varying abundances between times.
A manuscript history of the Franklin family by Sophia Cracroft (1853)
Authors: McCorristine Shane
Published: November 2013

Sir John Franklin's widow, Jane Franklin, planned a biography of her husband in the years following the disappearance of his expedition. In this project she was directly assisted by her niece and amanuensis Sophia Cracroft. This biography never came to fruition, but it did result in an unpublished manuscript history of the Franklin family, dated 1853, which Cracroft shared with Franklin's early biographers. The manuscript provides an interesting account of the Franklin family, including the detailed circumstances of the failure of the Boston and Spilsby Bank in 1804, which caused great financial and emotional stress. The final section of the manuscript provides an account of John Franklin's early naval career and Arctic expeditions.
Transforming the self: on the baptismal rite
Authors: CUNEO TERENCE
Published: November 2013

Philosophers have paid almost no attention to the baptismal rite. This is puzzling not only because the rite is central to the Christian life but also because the rite itself is very puzzling, making audacious claims about what its performance accomplishes. According to one of these audacious claims, by the performance of the rite the one baptized is transformed, enjoying states such as purification, sanctification, regeneration, and illumination – what I call theregenerate states. But how could this be so? And isn't there good empirical evidence that the imposition of the regenerate states on the one baptized is not accomplished in the vast majority of cases? In this article, I consider an ancient and audacious version of the baptismal rite, namely, that used by Eastern Orthodox Christians. I propose a model for understanding this rite – what I call theprocess-interpretation – which I believe comes close to being satisfactory, since it implies that the imposition of the regenerate states is not nearly as perplexing as it might seem at first glance.
Don't count your chickens before they're hatched: Elaborative encoding in REM dreaming in face of the physiology of sleep stages
Authors: Deliens Gaétane , Schwartz Sophie , Peigneux Philippe
Published: November 2013

Llewellyn suggests that episodic memories undergo “elaborative encoding” during rapid eye movement (REM) dreams, generating novel associations between recent and remote memories that are then instantiated during non-REM (NREM) sleep. This hypothesis conflicts with our knowledge of the physiology of NREM and then REM sleep stages and their ordered succession. Moreover, associations during sleep might also involve the extraction of hidden patterns rather than de novo associations.
“They who dream by day”: Parallels between Openness to Experience and dreaming
Authors: DeYoung Colin G. , Grazioplene Rachael G.
Published: November 2013

Individuals high in the personality trait Openness to Experience appear to engage spontaneously (during wake) in processes of elaborative encoding similar to those Llewellyn identifies in both dreaming and the ancient art of memory (AAOM). Links between Openness and dreaming support the hypothesis that dreaming is part of a larger process of cognitive exploration that facilitates adaptation to new experiences.
REM sleep and dreaming functions beyond reductionism
Authors: Kirov Roumen
Published: November 2013

Brain activation patterns and mental, electrophysiological, and neurobiological features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep suggest more functions than only elaborative encoding. Hence, the periodic occurrence of REM sleep episodes and dreaming may be regarded as a recurrent adaptive interference, which incorporates recent memories into a broader vital context comprising emotions, basic needs and individual genetic traits.
The spaces left over between REM sleep, dreaming, hippocampal formation, and episodic autobiographical memory
Authors: Markowitsch Hans J. , Staniloiu Angelica
Published: November 2013

It is argued that Llewellyn's hypothesis about the lack of rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep dreaming leading to loss of personal identity and deficits in episodic memory, affectivity, and prospection is insufficiently grounded because it does not integrate data from neurodevelopmental studies and makes reference to an outdated definition of episodic memory.
Studying the relationship between dreaming and sleep-dependent memory processes: Methodological challenges
Authors: Schredl Michael
Published: November 2013

The hypothesis that dreaming is involved in off-line memory processing is difficult to test because major methodological issues have to be addressed, such as dream recall and the effect of remembered dreams on memory. It would be fruitful – in addition to studying the ancient art of memory (AAOM) in a scanner – to study the dreams of persons who use AAOM regularly.
Looking back and moving forward: what anaphora can reveal about human languages and the mind
Authors: Bacchini Simone
Published: November 2013

Arguably, anaphora is one of the most interesting linguistic phenomena. Broadly speaking, the term refers to a relation between two linguistic elements. In this relation, the interpretation of one element, the anaphor, is determined by the interpretation of another: the antecedent. Thus, in the sentence Cordelia said she loved Manet, the pronoun ‘she’ is the anaphor, which refers back (the word ‘anaphor’ is derived from a Greek term which translates as ‘to carry back’), while Cordelia is its antecedent. Anaphora is closely linked to deixis, the phenomenon in language whereby the meaning of certain elements requires contextual and/or co-textual information.
Captions and reduced forms instruction: The impact on EFL students’ listening comprehension
Authors: Yang Jie Chi , Chang Peichin
Published: November 2013

For many EFL learners, listening poses a grave challenge. The difficulty in segmenting a stream of speech and limited capacity in short-term memory are common weaknesses for language learners. Specifically, reduced forms, which frequently appear in authentic informal conversations, compound the challenges in listening comprehension. Numerous interventions have been implemented to assist EFL language learners, and of these, the application of captions has been found highly effective in promoting learning. Few studies have examined how different modes of captions may enhance listening comprehension. This study proposes three modes of captions: full, keyword-only, and annotated keyword captions and investigates their contribution to the learning of reduced forms and overall listening comprehension. Forty-four EFL university students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The results revealed that all three groups exhibited improvement on the pre-test while the annotated keyword caption group exhibited the best performance with the highest mean score. Comparing performances between groups, the annotated keyword caption group also emulated both the full caption and the keyword-only caption groups, particularly in the ability to recognize reduced forms. The study sheds light on the potential of annotated keyword captions in enhancing reduced forms learning and overall listening comprehension.
Is less more? Effectiveness and perceived usefulness of keyword and full captioned video for L2 listening comprehension
Authors: Montero Perez Maribel , Peters Elke , Desmet Piet
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was twofold: we investigated (a) the effect of two types of captioned video (i.e., on-screen text in the same language as the video) on listening comprehension; (b) L2 learners’ perception of the usefulness of captions while watching L2 video. The participants, 226 university-level students from a Flemish university, watched three short French clips in one of three conditions: the control group watched the clips without captions (N = 70), the second group had fully captioned clips (N = 81), the third group had keyword captioned clips (N = 75). After each clip, all participants took a listening comprehension test, which consisted of global and detailed questions. To answer the detailed questions, participants had access to an audio passage of the corresponding clip. At the end of the experiment, participants completed a questionnaire and open-ended survey questions about their perception of captions. Our findings revealed that the full captioning group outperformed both the no captioning and the keyword captioning group on the global comprehension questions. However, no difference was found between the keyword captioning and the no captioning group. Results of the detailed comprehension questions (with audio) revealed no differences between the three conditions. A content-analysis approach to the questionnaire indicated that learners’ perceived need for full captions is strong. Participants consider captions useful for speech decoding and meaning-making processes. Surprisingly, keyword captions were considered highly distracting. These findings suggest that full rather than keyword captioning should be considered when proposing video-based listening comprehension activities to L2 learners.
Challenges to international humanitarian law: Israel's occupation policy
Authors: Maurer Peter
Published: November 2013

The complexity of the ever-shifting humanitarian landscape in the Middle East region – where the effects of perennial conflict and instability have rarely been contained within one country – is a major preoccupation for humanitarian organisations like the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
DNA Translocation through Hydrophilic Nanopore in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Hu Ying , Wang Hao , Xu Zhi , Wang Wenlong , Bai Xuedong , Shan Xinyan , Lu Xinghua
Published: November 2013

Ultra-thin solid-state nanopore with good wetting property is strongly desired to achieve high spatial resolution for DNA sequencing applications. Atomic thick hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layer provides a promising two-dimensional material for fabricating solid-state nanopores. Due to its good oxidation resistance, the hydrophilicity of h-BN nanopore device can be significantly improved by UV-Ozone treatment. The contact angle of a KCl-TE droplet on h-BN layer can be reduced from 57° to 26° after the treatment. Abundant DNA translocation events have been observed in such devices and strong DNA-nanopore interaction has been revealed in pores smaller than 10 nm in diameter. The 1/f noise level is closely related to the area of suspended h-BN layer and it is significantly reduced in smaller supporting window. The demonstrated performance in h-BN nanopore paves the way towards base discrimination in a single DNA molecule.
AGO61-dependent GlcNAc modification primes the formation of functional glycans on α-dystroglycan
Authors: Yagi Hirokazu , Nakagawa Naoki , Saito Takuya , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Abe Takaya , Toda Tatsushi , Wu Sz-Wei , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Oka Shogo , Kato Koichi
Published: November 2013

Dystroglycanopathy is a major class of congenital muscular dystrophy that is caused by a deficiency of functional glycans on α-dystroglycan (α-DG) with laminin-binding activity. A product of a recently identified causative gene for dystroglycanopathy, AGO61, acted in vitro as a protein O-mannose β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, although it was not functionally characterized. Here we show the phenotypes of AGO61-knockout mice and demonstrate that AGO61 is indispensable for the formation of laminin-binding glycans of α-DG. AGO61-knockout mouse brain exhibited abnormal basal lamina formation and a neuronal migration defect due to a lack of laminin-binding glycans. Furthermore, our results indicate that functional α-DG glycosylation was primed by AGO61-dependent GlcNAc modifications of specific threonine-linked mannosyl moieties of α-DG. These findings provide a key missing link for understanding how the physiologically critical glycan motif is displayed on α-DG and provides new insights on the pathological mechanisms of dystroglycanopathy.
Crystal structure and photoluminescence of two europium compounds with phenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine
Authors: Wang Ailing , Wei Xiaoyan , Zhang Haixia , Yue Bin , Qu Yanrong , Kang Jie , Wang Zhongxia , Chu Haibin , Zhao Yongliang
Published: November 2013

Two europium crystals with HPOA and TPTZ were prepared and the heteronuclear compound exhibits superior luminescence properties compared to the homonuclear one.
Whole ceramic-like microreactors from inorganic polymers for high temperature or/and high pressure chemical syntheses
Authors: Ren Wurong , Perumal Jayakumar , Wang Jun , Wang Hao , Sharma Siddharth , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: November 2013

Whole ceramic-like microreactors fabricated from inorganic polymers could outperform any organic polymer derived reactors under challenging conditions.
Target validation using in-cell small molecule clickable imaging probes
Authors: Ghosh Brahma , Jones Lyn H.
Published: November 2013

The application of click chemistry to the visualization of chemical probes in in-cell chemical biology experiments is reviewed and the influence this research has had on target validation and molecular mode of action studies is also highlighted.
Solvent switchable CuII complexes
Authors: Borisova Nataliya E. , Kostin Andrey , Magdesieva Tatiana V. , Reshetova Marina D. , Nikitin Oleg , Paredes-García Verónica , Garland M. Teresa , Hermosilla-Ibáñez Patricio , Cañon-Mancisidor Walter , Rodionov Alexey , Venegas-Yazigi Diego , Spodine Evgenia
Published: November 2013

Dinuclear/tetranuclear interconversion of a magnetically coupled copper(ii) Schiff base complex driven by water rich solvents.