bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Prevalence of Opioid use Disorder in the Cincinnati Region using Probabilistic Multiplier Methods and Model Averaging
Authors: Mallow Peter J. , Sathe Nila , Topmiller Michael , Chubinski Jennifer , Carr Dillon , Christopher Roni
Published: September 2019

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) and its consequences have strained the resources of health, social, and criminal justice services in the Cincinnati region. However, understanding of the potential number of people suffering from OUD is limited. Little robust and reliable information quantifies the prevalence and there is often great variation between individual estimates of prevalence. In other fields such as meteorology, finance, sports, and politics, model averaging is commonly employed to improve estimates and forecasts. The objective of this study was to apply a model averaging approach to estimate the number of individuals with OUD in the Cincinnati region. Methods: Three individual probabilistic simulation models were developed to estimate the number of OUD individuals in the Cincinnati Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA). The models used counts of overdose deaths, non-fatal overdoses, and treatment admissions as benchmark data. A systematic literature review was performed to obtain the multiplier data for each model. The three models were averaged to generate single estimate and confidence band of the prevalence of OUD. Results: This study estimated 15 067 (SE 1556) individuals with OUD in the Cincinnati CBSA (2 165 139 total population). Based on these results, we estimate the prevalence of OUD to be between 13 507 (0.62% of population) and 16 620 (0.77% of population). Conclusions: The method proposed herein has been shown in diverse fields to mitigate some of the uncertainty associated with reliance on a single model. Further, the simplicity of the method described is easily replicable by community health centers, first-responders, and social services to estimate capacity needs supported by OUD estimates for the region they serve.
The Shallow Decay Segment of GRB X-Ray Afterglow Revisited
Authors: Zhao Litao , Zhang Binbin , Gao He , Lan Lin , Lü Houjun , Zhang Bing
Published: September 2019

Based on the early-year observations from Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Liang et al. performed a systematic analysis for the shallow decay component of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) X-ray afterglow, in order to explore its physical origin. Here we revisit the analysis with an updated sample (with Swift/XRT GRBs between 2004 February and 2017 July). We find that with a larger sample, (1) the distributions of the characteristic properties of the shallow decay phase (e.g., t

b
, S
X, ΓX,1, and α
X,1) still accord with normal or lognormal distribution; (2) ΓX,1 and Γ
γ
still show no correlation, but the tentative correlations of durations, energy fluences, and isotropic energies between the gamma-ray and X-ray phases still exist; (3) for most GRBs, there is no significant spectral evolution between the shallow decay segment and its follow-up segment, and the latter is usually consistent with the external-shock models; (4) assuming that the central engine has a power-law luminosity release history as

, we find that the value q is mainly distributed between −0.5 and 0.5, with an average value of 0.16 ± 0.12; (5) the tentative correlation between

and

disappears, so that the global three-parameter correlation (

) becomes less significant; (6) the anticorrelation between L
X and

and the three-parameter correlation (

) indeed exist with a high confidence level. Overall, our results are generally consistent with Liang et al., confirming their suggestion that the shallow decay segment in most bursts is consistent with an external forward shock origin, probably due to a continuous energy injection from a long-lived central engine.
Changes in Solar Rotation over Two Solar Cycles
Authors: Basu Sarbani , Antia H. M.
Published: September 2019

We use helioseismic data from ground- and space-based instruments to analyze how solar rotation has changed since the beginning of solar Cycle 23 with emphasis on studying the differences between Cycles 23 and 24. We find that the nature of solar rotation is indeed different for the two cycles. While the changes in the latitudinally independent component follows solar-cycle indices, some of the other components have a more complicated behavior. There is a substantial change in the behavior of the solar zonal flows and their spatial gradients too. While the zonal flows in Cycle 24 are weaker in general than those in Cycle 23, there are clear signs of the emergence of Cycle 25. We have also investigated the properties of the solar tachocline, in particular, its position, width, and the change (or jump) in the rotation rate across it. We find significant temporal variation in the change of the rotation rate across the tachocline. We also find that the changes in solar Cycle 24 were very different from those of Cycle 23. We do not find any statistically significant change in the position or the width of the tachocline.
Infrared Interferometric Three-dimensional Diagnosis of the Atmospheric Dynamics of the AGB Star R Dor with VLTI/AMBER*
Authors: Ohnaka Keiichi , Weigelt Gerd , Hofmann Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2019

The mechanism of mass loss in late evolutionary stages of low- and intermediate-mass stars is not yet well understood. Therefore, it is crucial to study the dynamics of the region within a few R
⋆, where the wind acceleration is considered to take place. We present a three-dimensional diagnosis of the atmospheric dynamics of the closest asymptotic giant branch star R Dor from the low photospheric layers to the extended outer atmosphere, for the first time for a star other than the Sun. The images reconstructed with a spatial resolution of 6.8 mas—seven times finer than the star’s angular diameter of 51.2 mas in the continuum—using the AMBER instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer show a large, bright region over the surface of the star and an extended atmosphere. The velocity-field maps over the star’s surface and atmosphere obtained from the Mg and H2O lines near 2.3 μm forming at atmospheric heights below ∼1.5 R
⋆ show little systematic motion beyond the measurement uncertainty of 1.7 km s−1. In marked contrast, the velocity-field map obtained from the CO first overtone lines reveals systematic outward motion at 7–15 km s−1 in the extended outer atmosphere at a height of ∼1.8 R
⋆. Given the detection of dust formation at ∼1.5 R
⋆, the strong acceleration of material between ∼1.5 and 1.8 R
⋆ may be caused by the radiation pressure on dust grains. However, we cannot yet exclude the possibility that the outward motion may be intermittent, caused by ballistic motion due to convection and/or pulsation.
A z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies
Authors: Leroy Adam K. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Lang Dustin , Lewis Alexia , Salim Samir , Behrens Erica A. , Chastenet Jérémy , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Gallagher Molly J. , Kessler Sarah , Utomo Dyas
Published: September 2019

We present an atlas of ultraviolet and infrared images of ∼15,750 local (d ≲ 50 Mpc) galaxies, as observed by NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) missions. These maps have matched resolution (FWHM 7.″5 and 15″), matched astrometry, and a common procedure for background removal. We demonstrate that they agree well with resolved intensity measurements and integrated photometry from previous surveys. This atlas represents the first part of a program (the z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis) to create a large, uniform database of resolved measurements of gas and dust in nearby galaxies. The images and associated catalogs will be publicly available at the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. This atlas allows us estimate local and integrated star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M
⋆) across the local galaxy population in a uniform way. In the appendix, we use the population synthesis fits of Salim et al. to calibrate integrated M
⋆ and SFR estimators based on GALEX and WISE. Because they leverage a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-based training set of >100,000 galaxies, these calibrations have high precision and allow us to rigorously compare local galaxies to SDSS results. We provide these SFR and M
⋆ estimates for all galaxies in our sample and show that our results yield a “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies comparable to previous work. We also show the distribution of intensities from resolved galaxies in NUV-to-WISE1 versus WISE1-to-WISE3 space, which captures much of the key physics accessed by these bands.
Evaluación de la transferencia de conocimiento e innovación de las universidades españolas
Authors: Fombuena Arnau
Published: September 2019

La estrategia europea Horizon 2020 se centra en la transición hacia la sociedad del conocimiento. Con este objetivo, la Comisión Europea ha elegido a las universidades por su capacidad para conectar y colaborar con otros sectores, particularmente el empresarial. Si bien sus esfuerzos se han dirigido a crear sinergias entre los sectores implicados, se ha obviado su evaluación. El estudio que se presenta utiliza metadatos de SCOPUS y de la Oficina Española de Patentes. Se pretende evaluar la transferencia de conocimiento desde la perspectiva de la universidad. Para ello, se emplean las colaboraciones de las universidades con otras universidades, con empresas y con instituciones gubernamentales. La evaluación se hace conjuntamente a partir de la red que las universidades españolas generan en su conjunto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el grado de conectividad de cada universidad, su grado de influencia y su conectividad con instituciones líderes en innovación y transferencia de conocimiento.
The Role of Technology in Audio Text Comprehension for English as a Second Language
Authors: Alcaraz-Valencia Pablo Armando , Gaytán-Lugo Laura Sanely , Gallardo Sara Catalina Hernández , Arellano Rocio Maciel
Published: September 2019

This chapter proposes to establish a starting point in the design of technology specialized in the development of listening comprehension skills from a theoretical perspective, when learning English as a second language. Therefore, an exploration about how technologies have evolved in the practice of learning English as a second language was required. Likewise, authors look at fundamental aspects of technology literacy and how this is rooted in users' contexts. From this, they conceptualize the symbolic competence through the ecological theory in order to design a computer-assisted language learning practice. Findings led to the conclusion that a guide on how to build specialized technology in English learning as a second language does not exist. What indeed exists is the application of recycled technology created for other purposes but used for English learning. Authors propose a practice where the meaning is explored through the understanding of what happens in the context by using 3D holograms as an optical illusion.
Comparative Tribological Testing of Diamond-Containing Inserts of Bearings of Main Shaft of Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Shemyakinskiy Boris Aleksandrovich , Skotnikova Margarita Alexandrovna , Wang Zi Xi , Alkhimenko Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Lozhechko Viktor Petrovich
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of comparative tribological tests of diamond-like inserts. Methods of tribological tests on different tribological units are described. The results showed that a higher content of polycrystalline diamond in the insert improves the anti-wear and anti-friction properties of the composite.
Prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in school learners in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Ebri Anne E. , Govender Pirindhavellie , Naidoo Kovin S.
Published: September 2019

Background: Uncorrected refractive error could negatively affect learning and academic performance, there is still inadequate information for planning school health.Aim: To determine the proportion of students with vision impairment because of uncorrected refractive error, and prevalent types among learners aged 10–18 years.Setting: The study site included two of 18 local government areas of the Cross River State in Nigeria, with 23 public and mission secondary schools.Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to enrol 4241 study participants from eight selected secondary schools.Results: The prevalence of vision impairment (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12) was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.17% – 8.6%). The prevalence of vision impairment because of refractive error was 7.2% (95% CI: 6.41% – 7.96%) in the better eye. Astigmatism was the predominant type of refractive error with a prevalence of 4.2% (95% CI: 3.6% – 4.8%), followed by myopia (1.72%; 95% CI: 1.3% – 2.1%) and hyperopia (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.9% – 1.6%). There were statistically significant differences in proportions of female participants who presented with myopic astigmatism (30.8%; p 0.012). Statistically significant difference in proportions was found in older (33.3%; p 0.0004) and male (29.6%; p 0.0003) participants who presented with hyperopic astigmatism compared to younger and female participants, respectively. Myopia accounted for 4.8% (95% CI: 4.2% – 5.5%) and was significantly higher in female participants (5.5%; p 0.033).Conclusion: Refractive error was the major cause of vision impairment and myopic astigmatism was the predominant type of refractive error among secondary school children in Calabar.
Composition and floral diversity in Andean grasslands in natural post-harvest restoration with Lepidium meyenii Walpers
Authors: Yaranga Raúl , Custodio María , Orellana Edith
Published: September 2019

The Andean grassland ecosystems undergo natural and anthropogenic degradation processes. The change of land use for agricultural use is the greatest threat, with a great loss of biodiversity followed by a very slow process of revegetalization. The objective was to assess the richness, abundance and diversity, alpha and beta, in areas of two-, three-, five-, six- and eight years of post-harvest abandonment of Lepidium meyenni Walpers. Ten affected areas were selected for agrostological evaluation, through four linear transects of interception points with 100 records each, applied on the edge and inside the affected area, inside and outside the affected areas, as well as samples composed of soils for each area. Composite soil samples were collected from each transect and study area to analyze their physical and chemical properties. The data were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed model with Rstudio v 5.3.2, and the multivariate analysis of canonical correspondence between biological and environmental variables, using CANOCO v.1.4 software. A significant difference was found between floral composition and alpha diversity according to abandonment time and seasonal periods. The greatest richness and abundance was observed between five- and eight years of abandonment, due to the greater presence of perennial species. Linear correspondence of alpha richness and diversity with organic matter, nitrogen, soil phosphorus and abandonment time was observed.
Verlinde-type formulas for rational surfaces
Authors: Göttsche Lothar
Published: September 2019

K

-theoretic Donaldson invariants are holomorphic Euler characteristics of determinant line bundles on moduli spaces of rank 2 sheaves on surfaces. We develop an algorithm which determines the generating functions of the

K

-theoretic Donaldson invariants on the projective plane and more general rational surfaces, and apply it in many cases to get explicit formulas. We relate the results to Le Potier’s strange duality conjecture.
Opnieuw fatale remedies: Een kritische reflectie op datatransities in het sociaal domein
Authors: van Zoonen Liesbet
Published: September 2019

Dutch municipalities are increasingly experimenting with ‘big data’ as an instrument for social policy. This movement pertains to the design of municipal data warehouses, dashboards and predictive analytics, the latter mostly to identify risk of fraud. This transition to data-driven social policy almost completely takes place out of political and social view, and escapes democratic decision making. In this article I show in detail how these three emerging practices are based on disputable quality of data and analytic models, and how they tend to transgress the recent EU GPDR about privacy and data protection. I also assess that key stakeholders in this data movement, i.e. the citizens whose data are used and the benefit officers who take this data in, are not actively informed let alone invited to participate. As a result, a practice of top-down monitoring, containment and control is evolving, despite the desire of civil servants in this domain to do ‘good’ with data. In the conclusion, I explore several data and policy alternatives, to prevent ‘big data’ become another ‘fatal remedy’ in social policy.
Big data in sociologisch onderzoek: Voorbeelden, kansen en uitdagingen
Authors: Corten Rense
Published: September 2019

References to ‘big data’ have by now become commonplace in both the public debate and in scientific research, and also in sociological research new forms of large scale digital data are increasingly important. This article aims to provide an overview of the role and relevance of such new forms of data for sociological research. Using examples, I illustrate that these data allow for answering existing sociological questions in new ways, but also trigger new questions. Next, I sketch the opportunities that new digital data offer for the development of new methods and theory, as well as the most important drawbacks of big data. Finally, I argue that, so far, sociology as a discipline has failed to take full advantage of the opportunities that new digital data offer, and as a result risks losing relevance as compared to other field as well as private commercial parties. I conclude with some suggestions to alleviate this situation.
Geven om geld: Waarom de marktsamenleving giftrelaties nodig heeft
Authors: Velthuis Olav
Published: September 2019

This inaugural address presents a theory of gift exchange within market societies. Social scientists tend to see the market and the gift as two mutually opposed spheres of exchange. Market exchange is anonymous and businesslike; the economic value of goods and services is measured explicitly in a market transaction and needs to be compensated right away by means of a monetary equivalent. Gift exchange, by contrast, is associated with relatively intimate relations like friendships or family ties. The value of gifts is usually not measured explicitly, although the expectation exists that the gift is reciprocated in the future.Instead I argue that both exchange system should not be seen as mutually exclusive. Within markets, a variety of gifts is permanently being exchanged between business partners. In four different ways, this rich gift exchange serves to stabilize inherently instable markets. They contribute to creating trust relationships as well as loyalty between transaction partners, which remedies uncertainty and tames uncontrolled competition; they assist consumers in valuing new goods; moreover they can make disreputable exchange in goods with a strong symbolic or ethical value more legitimate.
Significant reduction of PM2.5 in eastern China due to regional-scale emission control: evidence from SORPES in 2011–2018
Authors: Ding Aijun , Huang Xin , Nie Wei , Chi Xuguang , Xu Zheng , Zheng Longfei , Xu Zhengning , Xie Yuning , Qi Ximeng , Shen Yicheng , Sun Peng , Wang Jiaping , Wang Lei , Sun Jianning , Yang Xiu-Qun , Qin Wei , Zhang Xiangzhi , Cheng Wei , Liu Weijing , Pan Liangbao , Fu Congbin
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Haze pollution caused by PM2.5 is the largest air
quality concern in China in recent years. Long-term measurements of
PM2.5 and the precursors and chemical speciation are crucially important
for evaluating the efficiency of emission control, understanding formation
and transport of PM2.5 associated with the change of meteorology, and
accessing the impact of human activities on regional climate change.
Here we reported long-term continuous measurements of PM2.5, chemical
components, and their precursors at a regional background station, the
Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System (SORPES), in
Nanjing, eastern China, since 2011. We found that PM2.5 at the station
has experienced a substantial decrease (−9.1 % yr−1), accompanied by even
a very significant reduction of SO2 (−16.7 % yr−1), since the national
“Ten Measures of Air” took action in 2013. Control of open biomass
burning and fossil-fuel combustion are the two dominant factors that
influence the PM2.5 reduction in early summer and winter, respectively.
In the cold season (November–January), the nitrate fraction was significantly
increased, especially when air masses were transported from the north. More NH3
available from a substantial reduction of SO2 and increased oxidization
capacity are the main factors for the enhanced nitrate formation. The
changes of year-to-year meteorology have contributed to 24 % of the PM2.5
decrease since 2013. This study highlights several important implications on
air pollution control policy in China.
Convective hydration in the tropical tropopause layer during the StratoClim aircraft campaign: pathway of an observed hydration patch
Authors: Lee Keun-Ok , Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Khaykin Sergey , Krämer Martina , Rolf Christian
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The source and pathway of the hydration patch in the TTL (tropical
tropopause layer) that was measured during the Stratospheric and upper tropospheric
processes for better climate predictions (StratoClim) field campaign
during the Asian summer monsoon in 2017 and its connection to convective
overshoots are investigated. During flight no. 7, two remarkable layers are
measured in the TTL, namely (1) the moist layer (ML) with a water vapour content
of 4.8–5.7 ppmv in altitudes of 18–19 km in the lower
stratosphere and (2) the ice layer (IL) with ice content up to 1.9 eq. ppmv (equivalent parts per million by volume) in
altitudes of 17–18 km in the upper troposphere at around 06:30 UTC on 8 August to the south of Kathmandu (Nepal). A Meso-NH convection-permitting
simulation succeeds in reproducing the characteristics of the ML and IL. Through
analysis, we show that the ML and IL are generated by convective overshoots that
occurred over the Sichuan Basin about 1.5 d before. Overshooting clouds
develop at altitudes up to 19 km, hydrating the lower stratosphere of up to 20 km with
6401 t of water vapour by a strong-to-moderate mixing of the updraughts with
the stratospheric air. A few hours after the initial overshooting phase, a
hydration patch is generated, and a large amount of water vapour (above 18 ppmv) remains at even higher altitudes up to 20.5 km while the anvil cloud
top descends to 18.5 km. At the same time, a great part of the hydrometeors
falls shortly, and the water vapour concentration in the ML and IL decreases due
to turbulent diffusion by mixing with the tropospheric air, ice nucleation,
and water vapour deposition. As the hydration patch continues to travel
toward the south of Kathmandu, tropospheric tracer concentration increases
up to ∼30 % and 70 % in the ML and IL, respectively. The air
mass in the layers becomes gradually diffused, and it has less and less water
vapour and ice content by mixing with the dry tropospheric air.
European NOx emissions in WRF-Chem derived from OMI: impacts on summertime surface ozone
Authors: Visser Auke J. , Boersma K. Folkert , Ganzeveld Laurens N. , Krol Maarten C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant that negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Ozone simulations with regional air quality models suffer from unexplained biases over Europe, and uncertainties in the emissions of ozone precursor group nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) contribute to these biases. The goal of this study is to use NO2 column observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor to infer top-down NOx emissions in the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model with coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) and to evaluate the impact on simulated surface O3 with in situ observations. We first perform a simulation for July 2015 over Europe and evaluate its performance against in situ observations from the AirBase network. The spatial distribution of mean ozone concentrations is reproduced satisfactorily. However, the simulated maximum daily 8 h ozone concentration (MDA8 O3) is underestimated (mean bias error of −14.2 µg m−3), and its spread is too low. We subsequently derive satellite-constrained surface NOx emissions using a mass balance approach based on the relative difference between OMI and WRF-Chem NO2 columns. The method accounts for feedbacks through OH, NO2's dominant daytime oxidant. Our optimized European NOx emissions amount to 0.50 Tg N (for July 2015), which is 0.18 Tg N higher than the bottom-up emissions (which lacked agricultural soil NOx emissions). Much of the increases occur across Europe, in regions where agricultural soil NOx emissions dominate. Our best estimate of soil NOx emissions in July 2015 is 0.1 Tg N, much higher than the bottom-up 0.02 Tg N natural soil NOx emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). A simulation with satellite-updated NOx emissions reduces the systematic bias between WRF-Chem and OMI NO2 (slope =0.98, r2=0.84) and reduces the low bias against independent surface NO2 measurements by 1.1 µg m−3 (−56 %). Following these NOx emission changes, daytime ozone is strongly affected, since NOx emission changes particularly affect daytime ozone formation. Monthly averaged simulated daytime ozone increases by 6.0 µg m−3, and increases of >10 µg m−3 are seen in regions with large emission increases. With respect to the initial simulation, MDA8 O3 has an improved spatial distribution, expressed by an increase in r2 from 0.40 to 0.53, and a decrease of the mean bias by 7.4 µg m−3 (48 %). Overall, our results highlight the dependence of surface ozone on its precursor NOx and demonstrate that simulations of surface ozone benefit from constraining surface NOx emissions by satellite NO2 column observations.
Mapping ice formation to mineral-surface topography using a micro mixing chamber with video and atomic-force microscopy
Authors: Friddle Raymond W. , Thürmer Konrad
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We developed a method for examining ice formation on solid materials under cloud-like conditions. Our experimental approach couples video-rate optical microscopy of ice formation with high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the initial mineral surface. We demonstrate how colocating stitched AFM images with video microscopy can be used to relate the likelihood of ice formation to nanoscale properties of a mineral substrate, e.g., the abundance of surface steps of a certain height. We also discuss the potential of this setup for future iterative investigations of the properties of ice nucleation sites on materials.
Low-frequency magnetic variations at the high-β Earth bow shock
Authors: Petrukovich Anatoli A. , Chugunova Olga M. , Shustov Pavel I.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Observations of Earth's bow shock during high-β (ratio of thermal
to magnetic pressure) solar wind streams are rare.
However, such shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas.
Typical solar wind parameters related to high β (here β>10) are as follows: low speed, high density, and a very low interplanetary magnetic field of 1–2 nT. These conditions are usually quite transient
and need to be verified immediately upstream of the observed shock crossings.
In this report, three characteristic crossings by the Cluster project (from the 22 found) are studied using multipoint analysis, allowing us to determine spatial scales.
The main magnetic field and density spatial scale
of about a couple of hundred of kilometers generally corresponds to the increased proton convective gyroradius.
Observed magnetic variations are different from those for supercritical shocks, with β∼1.
Dominant magnetic variations in the shock transition
have amplitudes much larger than the background field and have a
frequency of ∼ 0.3–0.5 Hz (in some events – 1–2 Hz). The wave polarization has no stable phase
and is closer to linear, which complicates the determination of the
wave propagation direction. Spatial scales (wavelengths) of variations
are within several tens to a couple of hundred of kilometers.
Past aridity's effect on carbon mineralization potentials in grassland soils
Authors: Cao Zhenjiao , Jia Yufu , Cai Yue , Wang Xin , Hu Huifeng , Zhang Jinbo , Jia Juan , Feng Xiaojuan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Mineralization potential is a key property for assessing
carbon substrate's degradability and mineralization in biogeochemical models
and studies. While mineralization potential is widely examined under
controlled conditions, whether and how it is influenced by the past aridity
of sample's origins remain poorly constrained, which is important for an
accurate assessment and prediction of future CO2 emissions. Here we
collect topsoils and subsoils from different aridity regimes along a 2100 km
grassland transect of northern China and conduct a 91 d decomposition
experiment with and without the addition of 13C-labeled leaf litter
under controlled temperature and moisture. CO2 release from both soil
organic carbon (SOC) and fresh litter is measured, along with microbial
biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and soil and mineral properties. We
find that neither microbial carbon use efficiency nor biomass-normalized
metabolic quotient (qCO2) is related to the aridity of sampling sites.
However, both fresh litter and SOC display the highest mineralization
potentials in soils originating from the driest site. Using pathway
analysis, we demonstrate that past aridity's effect is mediated by
differential mechanisms for substrates of varied complexity. While microbial
biomass plays a more important role in the decomposition of fresh litter,
enzyme-catalyzed extracellular reactions predominantly govern the
mineralization of SOC. Our findings provide novel evidence on the mechanisms
underlying past aridity's effect on the mineralization potentials of organic
matter with different qualities, which has significant implications for
assessing and modeling decomposition in different aridity regimes.
A survey of the impacts of summer droughts in England, 1200–1700
Authors: Pribyl Kathleen
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Droughts pose a climatic hazard that can have a profound impacts on past societies. Using documentary sources, this paper studies the occurrence and impacts of spring-summer droughts in pre-industrial England from 1200 to 1700. The types of records, source availability and changes in record keeping over time are described, and an overview of droughts in those 500 years is provided. The focus lies on a structural survey over the drought impacts most relevant to human livelihood. This includes the agricultural and pastoral sectors of agrarian production, health, the fire risk to settlements and the drop in water levels or dwindling of water supplies. Whereas due the specific characteristics of wheat cultivation in medieval and early modern England, the grain production was comparatively resilient to drought, livestock farming was under threat when rainfall fell noticeably below average. The most important problem in warm and dry summers, however, was the risk to health. Partly steeply raised mortality levels were associated with these conditions during the study period, because malaria, gastrointestinal disease and plague showed an affinity to heat and drought. Adaptation strategies to reduce the stress posed by summer droughts are included in the study.
Evaluation of three new surface irrigation parameterizations in the WRF-ARW v3.8.1 model: the Po Valley (Italy) case study
Authors: Valmassoi Arianna , Dudhia Jimy , Di Sabatino Silvana , Pilla Francesco
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Irrigation is one of the land managements that can affect the local climate. Recent literature shows that it affects mostly the near-surface variables and it is associated with an irrigation cooling effect. However, there is no common parameterization that also accounts for a realistic water amount, and these factors could be ascribed as causes of different impacts found in previous studies. This work aims to develop three new surface irrigation parameterizations within the WRF-ARW model (V3.8.1) that consider different evaporative processes. The parameterizations are tested on one of the regions where global studies disagree on the signal of irrigation: the Mediterranean area, and in particular the Po Valley. Three sets of experiments are performed using the same irrigation water amount of 5.7 mm/d, derived from Eurostat data. Two complementary validations are performed for July 2015: monthly mean, minimum and maximum temperature with ground stations and potential evapotranspiration with the MODIS product. All tests show that both mean and maximum temperature, as well as potential evapotranspiration, simulated fields approximate better the measures when using the irrigation parameterizations. This study addresses the sensitivity of the results to the parameterizations' human-decision assumptions: start time, length and frequency. The main impact of irrigation on surface variables such as soil moisture is due to the parameterization choice itself, rather than the timing. Moreover, on average, the atmosphere and soil variables are not very sensitive to the parameterizations assumptions for realistic timing and length.
Front Cover
Authors: Rizos Julian
Published: September 2019

This cover art is a representation of healthcare providers from various fields of medical practice. Diversity in age, gender, ethnicity, experience and medical expertise unite with the common goal of helping patients. Each member of the team provides a unique perspective and together they deliver well-rounded care.
Cultura de segurança do paciente em centro cirúrgico: percepção da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Bohomol Elena , Melo Eliana Ferreira de
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de profissionais de enfermagem de um centro cirúrgico em um hospital privado acerca das dimensões da cultura de segurança do paciente. Método: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma instituição hospitalar privada e acreditada, com 37 profissionais de enfermagem do centro cirúrgico, utilizando o instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture para coleta de dados. Resultados: Identificou-se a dimensão “Aprendizado organizacional e melhoria contínua” (77,4%) como área forte na instituição. Encontraram-se quatro áreas frágeis, referentes às dimensões: “Trabalho em equipe dentro das unidades” (47,4%), “Abertura da comunicação” (45,8%), “Resposta não punitiva aos erros” (29,2%) e “Adequação de pessoal” (42%). Conclusão: Há a necessidade de se implementar mudanças que requeiram esforços de toda a organização hospitalar nos níveis estratégico, administrativo e operacional, principalmente para incentivar a atenção dos profissionais na condução das ações que fortaleçam a cultura não punitiva, e estudar o dimensionamento de profissionais para o atendimento do paciente no perioperatório.
Perfil clínico-cirúrgico de pacientes com mediastinite pós-cirurgia cardíaca: estudo transversal retrospectivo
Authors: Kanasiro Priscilla Sayuri , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa , Poveda Vanessa de Brito
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes que desenvolveram mediastinite no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital de alta complexidade, analisando o desfecho, relacionado ao tempo de internação, à necessidade de reinternação, à antibioticoterapia instituída e a óbito. Método: Estudo transversal, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, por meio de consulta a 86 prontuários de pacientes que desenvolveram mediastinite no ano de 2015. Os dados foram coletados desde o pré-operatório até 90 dias após a alta hospitalar, o diagnóstico de mediastinite ou o óbito. Resultados: O diagnóstico de mediastinite ocorreu em 45,3% dos casos durante a internação e 54,7% após a alta hospitalar, dos quais 14,9% foram tratados ambulatorialmente e 85,1% necessitaram de reinternação. O tempo médio de internação foi de 31,8 dias. O tempo médio para o diagnóstico de mediastinite foi de 21,2 dias (desvio padrão — DP±11,48). O tratamento foi baseado principalmente em quinolonas (43%) e glicopeptídeos (39,5%). Conclusão: Considerando a frequência de identificação de casos após a alta hospitalar, a vigilância pós-alta de infecções do sítio cirúrgico entre pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas deve ser um objetivo compartilhado pela equipe multiprofissional
Blending learning: The preferred choice of clinical nurse educators to provide continuing professional development
Authors: Arnaert Antonia , Ahmad Hamza , Ponzoni Norma , Oliver Catherine , Grugel-Park Adriana
Published: September 2019

Introduction and objective: A clinical nurse educators’ (CNE) work is primarily focused on ensuring that fellow registered nurses have the skills and training to improve their clinical practice and maintain their professional competence. In recent years, resource limitations and a growing emphasis on self-directed learning have increased the pressure on nurse-educators to integrate e-learning into their teaching methods. While research has evaluated the experiences of nurses on this topic, limited understanding is known of CNEs’ experiences. Purpose: This qualitative study explored the CNEs’ experiences in facilitating continuing professional development for their nurses and the integration of e-learning in a University Health Center in Quebec, Canada.Methods: The sample consisted of 7 CNEs, who had more than one to 15 years of experience in their current position. Their experiences with e-learning varied: it ranged from incorporating a video-clip in their presentations, to providing input into the learning management system they tested. Semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed. Results: Despite participants varied levels of knowledge towards e-learning, all were convinced that this method could be used complementarily alongside hands-on training. Though they recognized the importance of human contact in teaching, they also understood the limitations of the traditional pedagogy; lacking the addition of interactive features. Despite some criticism, CNEs were able to identify opportunities where e-learning could be useful: during nursing orientation, tracking, evaluation and accreditation purposes, content refreshment, and to standardize protocols.Discussion and conclusions: More research is needed, and cooperative efforts are required from nurses and nurse-management to engage in the promotion of professional development.
Orthopaedic Manifestations in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Acosta Anna M. , Steinman Suzanne E. , White Klane K.
Published: September 2019

Turner syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal anomalies occurring in live-born females. It has been extensively reviewed in the medical literature, yet little has been discussed regarding the skeletal manifestations that present to the orthopaedic surgeon. It is important for the orthopaedic surgeon to be familiar with the clinical findings and comorbid conditions in Turner syndrome because they may be the first line of diagnosis when a patient presents for short stature, scoliosis, or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Recent studies have identified the short stature homeobox gene as the main cause of the skeletal differences in patients with Turner syndrome, affecting longitudinal bone growth. Skeletal deformities including short stature, delayed skeletal maturation, angular deformity of the limbs, spinal deformity, and early-onset osteoporosis have been associated with Turner syndrome. This article will review the skeletal manifestations of Turner syndrome and propose guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of these patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level V
Electrofugality of Some Ferrocenylphenylmethyl Cations
Authors: Jurić Sandra , Marijan Marijan , Kronja Olga
Published: September 2019

The electrofugality scale has been extended with new substituted ferrocenylphenylmethyl cations 1-4. Ef values were determined by applying the linear free energy relationship (LFER): log k = sf (Ef + Nf). Due to ability of the ferrocene moiety to efficiently stabilize the positive charge, ferrocenylphenylmethyl cations constitute a group of very powerful electrofuges (Ef > 1). Impact of the phenyl group in ferrocenylphenylmethyl derivatives on stabilization of the positive charge is considerably leveled by the ferrocenyl group, so the rate effect of the alkyl substituents (methyl, ethyl and tert-butyl) on the phenyl ring is suppressed, causing narrow range of Ef parameters. Lack of breakdown of Hammett-Brown plot if the rates for the complete set of substrates 1–5 have been correlated, indicates that the ferrocenyl group in α-position diminishes the stabilizing effects of electron-donating substituents as well.
Arquitetura para Prevenção e Tolerância a Falhas em Sistemas-de-sistemas Virtuais
Authors: Henrique Cerdeira Ferreira Francisco , Pereira dos Santos Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

O interesse em sistemas-de-sistemas (SoS) tem aumentado uma vez que esta abordagem permite a construção de sistemas com capacidades que são possíveis somente por meio de um conjunto de sistemas constituintes trabalhando juntos. No entanto, esses tipos de sistemas operam sob grande incerteza, uma vez que seus sistemas constituintes são independentes e seu comportamento ao longo do tempo é desconhecido. Assim, um SoS deve ser capaz de se readaptar diante de situações que causam falhas. Este trabalho de doutorado propõe uma arquitetura para prevenção e tolerância a falhas para lidar com o mau comportamento de sistemas constituintes em SoS.
Project Social Network: Gestão de Projetos e Equipes, União do PMBOK ao Scrum
Authors: S. Barbosa Elisrenan , J. S. F. Luiz José , S. Santos Layse , M. Florencio Mariano
Published: September 2019

Este artigo, apresenta uma ferramenta para tomada de decisão baseado na união do Guia de Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMBOK) e a metodologia Scrum, chamada Project Social Network (PSN). Focando em adaptá-las para a realidade das pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs). Propomos através do PSN, uma forma de gerenciar e desenvolver softwares, seguindo um modelo simples e adaptável a realidade das PMEs.
Juniperus communis L.: A review of volatile organic compounds of wild and cultivated common juniper in Lithuania
Authors: Judžentienė Asta
Published: September 2019

Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is a common wild or cultivated plant, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. The plant, being one of three natural conifers in the countries of the Baltic Sea region, grows separately or forms stands in Lithuania. It is an evergreen, long-lived shrub or a small tree.
Juniper synthesizes various (quantitatively and qualitatively as well) volatile organic compounds depending on the plant origin, organ and developing stage. Essential oils are prepared from different parts of juniper. Juniper berries, the fruit of J. communis, perhaps the most valuable part of the plant, are rich in essential oils. Preparations of them are used traditionally in folk medicine and veterinary as antiseptic, diuretic, anti-helminthic, anti-fungicidal, anti-rheumatic, antibacterial, tonic and anti-inflammatory remedy.
This paper reviews the published information concerning data on the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from various plant organs (sprouts, shouts, ripe and unripe berries, leaves, wood and bark) of junipers wild growing (or cultivated) in different localities in Lithuania. Alfa α-pinene is the most common constituent determined in Lithuanian juniper essential oils. This monoperpe hydrocarbon was evaluated as a predominant compound in most of investigated oils, obtained from juniper shoots, sprouts, needles and cones (both unripe and ripe ones).
Exploring Potential Archaeological Expressions of Nonbinary Gender in Pre-Contact Inuit Contexts
Authors: Walley Meghan
Published: September 2019

In recent years, gender has factored heavily into the study of Inuit archaeological remains. Frequently, archaeologists have used diagnostic men’s and women’s tools to “see” gender in the archaeological record. However, recent anthropological literature attests to the existence of nonbinary gender categories in Inuit tradition. While the concept of nonbinary gender is not new in anthropological literature, it has not commonly been translated into meaningful archaeological research. Although many archaeologists studying Inuit gender have acknowledged the possibility of Inuit gender fluidity, virtually no archaeological research has directly addressed Inuit nonbinary gender. In this article, I discuss the anthropological concept of nonbinary gender and its diversity within Inuit culture, and then propose a variety of ways in which archaeologists conducting research on pre-contact Inuit gender might begin to study sites and materials within an interpretive framework that is more inclusive of these gender categories. These approaches include examination of artifacts, studies of the spatial distribution of sites, and re-examination of mortuary data. Through this work, I emphasize that gender occurs as a complex system rather than as two or three distinct sets of static social roles and that archaeologists need to adjust our approaches to past genders in order to see them through a culturally specific and meaningful lens.
Large-scale unsupervised clustering of Orca vocalizations: a model for describing orca communication systems
Authors: Poupard Marion , Best Paul , Schlüter Jan , Symonds Helena , Spong Paul , Glotin Hervé
Published: September 2019

Killer whales (Orcinus orca) can produce 3 types of signals: clicks, whistles and vocalizations. This study focuses on Orca vocalizations from northern Vancouver Island (Hanson Island) where the NGO Orcalab developed a multi-hydrophone recording station to study Orcas. The acoustic station is composed of 5 hydrophones and extends over 50 km 2 of ocean. Since 2015 we are continuously streaming the hydrophone signals to our laboratory in Toulon, France, yielding nearly 50 TB of synchronous multichannel recordings. In previous work, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect Orca vocalizations, using transfer learning from a bird activity dataset. Here, for each detected vocalization, we estimate the pitch contour (fundamental frequency). Finally, we cluster vocalizations by features describing the pitch contour. While preliminary, our results demonstrate a possible route towards automatic Orca call type classification. Furthermore, they can be linked to the presence of particular Orca pods in the area according to the classification of their call types. A large-scale call type classification would allow new insights on phonotactics and ethoacoustics of endangered Orca populations in the face of increasing anthropic pressure.