bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact Mechanism of Green Finance on Carbon Emission Reduction An Empirical Analysis Using China's Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Li Susu , Liang Jingyi , Jiao Ping
Published: December 2024

By utilizing the provincial panel data between 2010 and 2021 of China, the present research examines the mechanism whereby green financial development influences carbon emission reduction by applying the fixed and intermediary effect models. It is found that: (1) Green financial development produces an inhibitory influence over carbon emission intensity, implying that it can promote carbon emission reduction. The robustness test, which includes the instrumental variable method and the substitution of explained variables, is still valid. (2) Among these, the green finance development especially exerts a noteworthy influence over carbon abatement in western regions. (3) The influence of green finance development over carbon emission intensity is somewhat mitigated by green technology innovation and upgrading of regional industrial structure. As a result, it is recommended that all localities formulate locally-tailored policies of green financial development, and encourage enterprises to actively use green technology innovation means to promote green transformation, thereby facilitating the industrial structure upgrading and stimulating further release of green financial potential to enhance the carbon abatement efficiency.
Research on Tax Avoidance and Anti-tax Avoidance of Data Asset Related transactions-- Based on the Rerspective of Connected Party Transactions in China
Authors: He Xiaosha
Published: December 2024

Due to the characteristics of data assets different from traditional elements, with the expansion of China's data asset trading market scale and the increase of connected transactions, the existing tax collection and management system needs to be improved to prevent tax revenue loss. Through the elaboration of the concept and characteristics of data assets, this paper analyzes the types of group enterprises using data asset related transactions to avoid tax and the current anti-tax avoidance regulations of related transactions in China, points out the current anti-tax avoidance difficulties of data asset related transactions in China and puts forward policy improvement suggestions.
POESIA DO SONHO
Authors: Lima Eliesio Costa , Cruz Julio Lopes , Rocha Kátia Carvalho da Silva
Published: December 2024

As obras Protesto (2020), de Carlos de Assumpção, e Quarto de despejo (2014), de Carolina Maria de Jesus, escritas na década de 1950, revelam uma voz de tonalidade lírica, que busca afirmar a identidade negra como sujeito de direitos em uma “pátria que enjeita”, um Brasil que marginaliza o povo negro. Este estudo, baseado em Moisés (2019), Paz (1982), Bernd (1992) e outros, apresenta uma análise comparativa das dimensões poéticas dessas obras, expressando o sonho da liberdade de existir, um sonho coletivo que aquece e move os corações e corpos negros.
El Rol del Maestro Facilitador en Una Aula Basada en el DUA
Authors: Moreno Gudiño Bryan Patricio , Ortega Morales Yorby Isabel , Patiño Patiño Miriam Gissela , Urquizo Orozco Danny Rolando
Published: December 2024

La educación inclusiva ha ganado relevancia en los últimos años como una respuesta necesaria a la diversidad en las aulas y al compromiso de garantizar el derecho universal a la educación. Sin embargo, el diseño tradicional de los sistemas educativos a menudo ignora las diferencias individuales, lo que resulta en barreras para estudiantes con discapacidades, diferencias culturales, lingüísticas o socioeconómicas (UNESCO, 2017). En este contexto, el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) surge como un enfoque innovador que permite transformar las prácticas pedagógicas para atender a la diversidad de manera equitativa y accesible.
التعرف الضوئي على المخطوط العربي واقعه وتحدياته: تقنية (OCR-RDI) أنموذجًا
Authors: البسومي حسين , رشوان محسن , السيد ياسر
Published: December 2024

يناقش هذا البحث إمكانية توظيف تقنية التعرُّف الضوئي على النصوص، في التعرُّف على المخطوط العربي القديم، وسُبُلِ استعمالها في محاكاة مهمة المحقق البشري في نسْخِ المخطوط، وتحويله إلى الصيغة الرقمية القابلة للتحكُّم فيها، مع بيان التحديات التي تواجه توظيف تلك التقنية، وقد توسَّل البحث المنهج الوصفي في التعريف بتقنية التعرُّف الضوئي على النصوص، وبرنامج "سطور"، وخصائص تحقيق المخطوط العربي، وأبرز ما يواجه خبيرَ التحقيق من صعوبات، وأيضًا المنهج التجريبي في عقْدِ تجربتين لقياس كفاءة برنامج "سطور"، ومقارنة نتائجه بنتائج برنامجين آخرين للتعرُّف الضوئي على المخطوط، وخَلَصَ البحث إلى أوجه تفاوُت البرامج الثلاثة في مستوى الدقة، والكشف عن مستوى التطور الذي حقَّقته تلك التقنية بعامة، مما يشجع على توظيفها في إنجاز مهمة قراءة المخطوط ونسْخِه إلكترونيًّا.
نَسَقُ النقد المعرفي: من النصية إلى التأويلية
Authors: سعد الله محمد سالم
Published: December 2024

يُقدِّم اشتغال النسق المعرفي معطياتٍ حداثيةً في إطار تنمية الفكر الإنساني، ويَعِدُ بإمكانات منهجية مهمَّة، وكشوفات علمية ثرَّة، للاشتغال على ممكنات التحليل عبْرَ تمكين إدراك التصورات العلمية المتعلقة بالنص، ويُسهِم في عملية تنظيم الأفكار الموفدة ونقْدِها بوصْفِها تقويمًا أو حُكمًا على نصٍّ أو مجموعة نصوص، إنه إمكانات قرائية وتواصلية وتحليلية لا حدَّ لها من المعرفة الشمولية التي تبغي الدقة في التحليل، وتتوخَّى القصد في تحديد المعنى، والمسؤولية في تقديم المفاهيم، فضلاً عن فحْصِ منظومةِ صوْغِ الظواهر المعرفية عبْرَ تحليل مكنوناتها وممكناتها ومكوِّناتها، وبيان نسَقِها الذي يصوغها، ثم تقديمها في إطار الشمول المعرفي الذي يكتسي نُظُمًا حيوية في معالجة الظاهـرة في سياق النقد المعرفي الذي يضبط غائيات التوجهات العلمية للنص، وتمثِّل منطلقاتُه محورًا رابطًا بين منتديات أنساقه المتنوعة والمنتمية إلى حقول علمية شتَّى، واهتداءً فلسفيًّا إلى إمكانية التطبيق والمعالجة الشمولية في منهج معرفي مستقبلي يحاور العلوم والمعارف، ويمارس النقد المعرفي وظيفته المنهجية الشمولية في إضفاء المعطيات على السلوكات، وفحْصِ منظومة صوْغِ الظواهر المعرفية، وتقديم الإطار التكاملي المعرفي للأسيقة والأنساق النصية، وتطبيق مبدأ الشمول المعرفي في تقييم النصوص.
FOOT POSTURE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BALANCE FUNCTION IN GERIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Mubeen Iqra , Ruqayyah  , Sara Qureshi  , Imtiaz Rafia
Published: December 2024

Background: Foot posture plays a critical role in balance and functional mobility, particularly in the geriatric population. Aging is associated with changes in foot posture, which may lead to balance impairments, increased risk of falls, and reduced quality of life. Understanding the distribution of foot posture types and their relationship with balance function is essential for developing interventions to improve stability in older adults.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of foot posture types and their association with balance function in the geriatric population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad, Peshawar, from March 2, 2022, to September 3, 2022. A total of 196 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. Participants were included based on predefined eligibility criteria and provided informed consent. Data collection involved demographic details, medical history, and assessments using the Foot Posture Index (FPI) to classify foot posture into neutral, pronated, highly pronated, supinated, or highly supinated. Static balance was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), with scores ranging from 0–56. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine associations.
Results: The study included 95 males (48.5%) and 101 females (51.5%), with a mean age of 69.07 ± 6.59 years. Pronated foot posture was the most prevalent (39.3%), followed by neutral (32.1%), supinated (17.9%), highly pronated (9.2%), and highly supinated (1.5%). Pronated foot posture was significantly more common in females (47.5%), while supinated foot posture was more prevalent in males (21.1%). Participants with pronated foot posture had higher BBS scores, with 47.9% scoring 51–56, compared to 32.9% of those with neutral posture. Conversely, 43.3% of participants with supinated foot posture had lower BBS scores in the range of 41–45. A significant association (p<0.05) was observed between foot posture and BBS scores, as well as between foot posture and gender.
Conclusion: Pronated foot posture is the most common type in older adults, followed by neutral and supinated postures. Pronated foot posture is associated with better static balance, as indicated by higher BBS scores, while supinated foot posture correlates with lower scores, reflecting poorer balance. These findings highlight the importance of foot posture assessments in geriatric evaluations to address balance impairments and reduce fall risks.
FREQUENCY OF TYPE-II RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Ajmal Khan  , Muzamil Mahmood  , Waqar Kabir  , Sajjad Ahmad  , Syed Nadeem Badshah
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by bronchial obstruction and impaired alveolar ventilation, leading to inadequate gas exchange and potential hypercapnia. In COPD, respiratory muscle dysfunction and structural airway changes exacerbate ventilation issues, increasing the risk of type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. This study investigates the frequency of type II respiratory failure in COPD patients, a complication linked to high morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of type II respiratory failure in patients with COPD.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to June 2024 at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Saidu Sharif, Swat, after approval by the hospital’s Ethical Committee. Patients were recruited from the Outpatients Department. Sample size was calculated using the WHO sample size formula based on an expected frequency of type II respiratory failure of 25%, with a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval, resulting in a total of 118 participants. Clinical data were collected, including demographics, spirometry, and arterial blood gas analyses, with type II respiratory failure defined by a PaCO₂ ≥45 mmHg.
Results: Of the 118 patients, 82 (70%) were male and 35 (30%) female, with ages ranging from 40 to 65 years. Moderate stage 2 COPD was most common, accounting for 47.5% of cases. Type II respiratory failure was observed in 28 patients (24%).
Conclusion: This study highlights a significant prevalence of type II respiratory failure among COPD patients, particularly in older males. Notably, type II respiratory failure does not appear directly correlated with COPD severity as measured by GOLD staging.
HOSPITALS’ INTERNAL DISASTERS PREPAREDNESS: A STUDY FROM PRIVATE SECTOR HOSPITALS OF ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Shah Syed Fahd Ullah , Sahrish Saba
Published: December 2024

Background: Hospitals play a vital role in disaster management, requiring robust preparedness to mitigate internal crises. Effective disaster readiness involves equipping healthcare professionals with adequate knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, and ensuring readiness to practice. Despite global advancements in disaster preparedness, private hospitals often face challenges in implementing comprehensive strategies. This study focuses on evaluating the preparedness of healthcare professionals in private hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan, providing insights into their disaster management capabilities and identifying areas for improvement.
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and readiness of healthcare professionals toward internal disaster preparedness in private hospitals and to identify gaps for formulating improved disaster management strategies.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff, from two private hospitals in Islamabad. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire comprising 22 items on knowledge, 16 items on attitudes, and 8 items on readiness to practice. A total of 303 participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests to assess differences between groups.
Results: Among the 303 respondents, 51.5% were from Shifa International Hospital and 48.5% from Ali Medical Complex. The occupational distribution included 57.1% nurses, 36% doctors, and 6.9% paramedical staff. Educational qualifications varied, with 36.6% holding master’s degrees and 32.7% bachelor’s degrees. Reliability analysis showed acceptable scores, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.684 for knowledge to 0.891 for attitudes. T-test results indicated no significant differences between the hospitals in knowledge (p = 0.367) and attitudes (p = 0.206). However, readiness to prepare scores differed significantly (p < 0.001), favoring Ali Medical Complex.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for enhanced training, resource allocation, and feedback mechanisms to address gaps in disaster preparedness. While knowledge and attitudes were comparable, significant differences in readiness emphasize the need for targeted interventions. Improved collaboration, infrastructure, and workforce development are essential to strengthen disaster response capabilities in private hospitals.
Evaluasi Kinerja Manajemen Dan Keuangan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya Tahun Anggaran 2020 - 2022
Authors: Madaniyah Riza Nur , Widiasih Suprapti
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya tahun anggaran 2020 - 2022 sehingga Pemerintah Kota Surabaya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan dan memaksimalkan penerimaan pendapatan asli daerah serta dapat segera melakukan tindakan prefentiv jika mengalami krisinis ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi pada Laporan Keuangan Pemerinta Kota Surabaya. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Laporan Realisasi Anggaran Pemerintah Kota Surabaya Tahun 2020 - 2022. Teknik analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis rasio keuangan seperti: rasio efektifitas pendapatan asli daerah, rasio kemandirian keuangan daerah, rasio derajat desentralisasi fiskal, dan rasio keserasian belanja Kota Surabaya pada tahun 2020 - 2022. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya tahun anggaran 2020 – 2022 jika dilihat dari rata-rata Rasio Efektivitas Pendapatan Asli Daerah sebesar 86,05% dengan kategori tidak efektif, rata-rata rasio kemandirian sebesar 152,37% dan berada pada  kategori delegatif yang artinya Pemerintah Kota Surabaya sudah tidak bergantung pada dana bantuan pemerintah pusat, rata-rata rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal sebesar 58,03% dengan kategori sangat baik Dan rasio Belanja Operasi sebesar 82,68% sedangkan rasio belanja modalnya sebesar 20,97%.
ARTICULAÇÕES ENTRE A PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL E A PESQUISA (AUTO)BIOGRÁFICA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Maria da Silva Tibúrcio - Natal, RN (Brasil) Nadiane , Teixeira Ribeiro - Natal, RN (Brasil) Cynara
Published: December 2024

Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada em três bases de dados para esboçar o panorama de pesquisas que articulem os pressupostos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e da pesquisa (auto)biográfica em educação, buscando identificar como esses dois campos de estudo podem dialogar e enriquecer a compreensão dos processos formativos no contexto da formação docente. O recorte temporal abarcado foi de 2014 a 2024 e as análises foram realizadas em 13 artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais. O estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de abordagens interdisciplinares que integrem aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais às narrativas pessoais e histórias de vida na compreensão dos processos formativos docentes. Os resultados apontam a constituição da consciência, da personalidade, da identidade e da subjetividade, bem como os conceitos de sentido, significado, experiência e vivência na articulação com as narrativas autobiográficas. Tais conceitos se mostram como essenciais na compreensão e análise no processo de biografização, que se refere à habilidade humana de narrar sua própria história. Os estudos também ressaltam a importância que a palavra adquire no ato de narrar-se ou (auto)biografar-se. A articulação desses campos do saber, permite compreender a integração entre a dimensão pessoal, os contextos histórico-culturais e os saberes da docência na construção do ser docente.
Influence of mineral composition, surface films and temperature of freezing on dispersity of model sandy soils due to cyclical freeze-thaw
Authors: Manukhin Ilia Vladimirovich , Nikolayeva Svetlana Kazimirovna
Published: December 2024

This article is dedicated to analysis of influence of cyclical freeze-thaw on dispersity of sandy soils. Effect of 120 freeze-thaw cycles on dispersity of water-saturated sands of different mineral composition, with surface films and after their removal, under different freezing temperatures is described. For this study quartz, feldspar and carbonate model sands were chosen as objects. To determine the influence of surface films a part of quartz sand sample was subjected to chemical treatment to remove them from the surface of grains. Granulometric composition of sand samples was determined using the sieving method. Changes in contents of separate fractions were analyzed as well as values of various parameters, in addition to this published data of the other researchers was used. Determining and describing changes in granulometric composition in polydisperse sands proved to be a challenge because of absence of parameters tailored to this task for such soils in contrast to monodisperse sands. According to the results it was found that in relation to mineral composition a decrease in intensity of cryogenic fragmentation was observed in a row: carbonate, feldspar, quartz sand (without surface films), which is explained by quartz’s high resilience to various processes in supergene zone. Quartz’s resilience to cryogenic fragmentation is strongly impacted by surface films on grains, with the increase in their specific surface area quartz’s intensity of cryogenic fragmentation increases due to higher physical – chemical activity of surface film matter. New parameter was proposed – coefficient of cryogenic grinding, reflecting increase in content of products of fragmentation of soil particles due to one freeze-thaw cycle. On the basis of this coefficient and method of analogy a way to forecast changes in granulometric composition due to freeze-thaw cycles was proposed and an example provided.
Myths about Yumynudyr ("heavenly maiden") in Mari mythology and Ritual: an attempt at a source and structural analysis
Authors: Ilikaev Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The subject of the article is the sources and content of myths about Yumynudyr ("heavenly maiden") in Mari mythology and ritual. The article is a continuation of a previously published work that examined the reliability of information about this key image of Mari mythology, as well as the problem of its divine status.The purpose of the research is a source-based and structural analysis of the myths about the Yuminudyr in order to reconstruct the main semantic links of the original tradition, as well as systematize data on the cult of the "heavenly maiden". To achieve this goal, it was necessary not only to identify the sources of the Yumynudyr myth, but also to identify the most significant thematic and plot motifs in the existing texts, to analyze the rituals associated with Yumynudyr and the image of Piambar close to her. In the course of solving the tasks set, the author of the article used a number of methods: source studies, structural analysis. In addition to analyzing ethnographic literature and folklore collections, field research materials were also used to supplement and clarify existing information about the Yumynudyr. The novelty of the research is the systematization of all information available in the literature about Yumynudyr, the analysis of the little-known myth of May, the daughter of the Mari goddess Shochyn Ava, as well as a comprehensive analysis of texts mentioning the "heavenly virgin", "daughter of God". This made it possible to continue the most promising research of a specialist on the topic, Yu.A. Kaliev, to identify the seven main links of the legend of Yumynudyr, to arrange them in a logical and chronological (according to a hypothetical macro plot) sequence. In addition, based on the field material being introduced into scientific circulation, the accuracy of the details previously recorded by the researchers on the issue of interest to us was confirmed, as well as a more meaningful and systematic and consistent examination of the cult of the "heavenly virgin" for the first time in ethnographic science: to highlight the most significant holidays, rituals associated with the images of Yumynudyr and Piambar.
On the theory of electronic source studies and the tasks of historical science: on the pages of the monograph by Yu. Yu. Yumasheva "Source Studies of the Information Age" (Moscow, 2023)
Authors: Mazur Liudmila Nikolaevna , Gorbachev Oleg Vital'evich
Published: December 2024

The digital age dictates its own information requirements for the reorganization of scientific communications and practices. The most noticeable changes are associated with a change in the information environment of historical science and the emergence of the concept of an "electronic historical source", which has become a familiar element of the source base of research. However, the practices of studying sources have retained their traditional character, ignoring the digital nature and features of the life cycle of an electronic source. The problem lies in the authenticity of the electronic image of a document to its paper analogue, the completeness and integrity of the source information, the tasks of preserving them when changing the media and software. The article contains an analysis of the monograph by Yu. Yu. Yumasheva "Source Studies of the Information Age", published in 2023 - a book that many historians and source scholars were waiting for with impatience. It reveals the main concepts related to the topic of electronic source studies, classification and properties of electronic sources. The problems that historical science and historians face in the new conditions of the formation of electronic historical resources are discussed. The methodological basis of the work is the theory of information, rethought by I. D. Kovalchenko in application to historical sources. In accordance with it, the object of the study is formulated - the entire set of electronic historical sources as an expression of the pragmatic aspect of information, and the subject (classification of sources, their types, features, methods of storage, use, etc.) is implemented in the context of the semantic and syntactic aspects of information. The main objective of the study is to develop the basic principles and algorithm for analyzing electronic sources based on the classical techniques of source analysis.
[The International Association of Hydrogeologists IAH Italy grows up. Starting from January 1, 2024, the Association is registered in the National Single Register of the Third Sector]
Authors: Rusi Sergio , Da Pelo Stefania
Published: December 2024

[Article in Italian]
L’Associazione Internazionale degli Idrogeologi IAH Italy diventa grande.  A partire dal 1° gennaio 2024 l’Associazione è iscritta al Registro Unico Nazionale del Terzo Settore (RUNTS).
La natura sociale degli animali nella ‘messa in scena’ del cambiamento climatico
Authors: Bonati Sara , Tononi Marco
Published: December 2024

Abstract The Social Nature of Animals in the ‘Staging’ of Climate Change The paper aims to open a discussion on the social nature of nonhuman animals in climate change, investigating how human communication practices interfere with how animals are conceived in the climate change debate and with their ability to deal with the upcoming challenges. Thus, in the first part, the work investigates how different animals, especially wild fauna, are used in communicating climate change, focusing on polar bears. In the second part, a focus on farm animals is provided, and in particular on pigs. This requires going beyond an anthropocentric perspective on climate change and identifying an integrative approach to the solutions to adopt.
Geografia e pianificazione territoriale: approcci consolidati, nuovi ‘spazi’ di ricerca e casi di studio
Authors: Baiocchetti Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Geography and Territorial Planning: Established Approaches, New ‘Spaces’ for Research, and Case Studies
Community Maps: A Participative Tool for Land Use Enhancement. The Case of Casentino
Authors: Marengo Marina , Lopez Lucrezia , Rossi Andrea
Published: December 2024

Abstract Community maps, adapted to the Italian context from the English Parish maps of the 1980s, have been an increasingly used participatory tool in our country for almost 30 years. Some of the processes for enhancement marginal territories have in fact used or use these tools. In the specific case of Casentino (Tuscany), there are three community maps created in the 2000s and continuously implemented. This essay will analyze the paths peculiar to each of them, activated and accompanied by the local ecomuseum network, which have allowed new processes of local growth and development to be “rooted” in this mountainous context.
Crossed Landscapes: A Walking Method Research Experience in Sicily
Authors: Messina Giovanni , Nicosia Enrico
Published: December 2024

Abstract The present contribution, starting from theoretical reflections on the role of ecomuseums in the valorisation of territorial resources and the idea of landscape dynamics as connectors that link communities to places also through sensorial experience, presents the case study of the Grotte Vaporose of Sciacca, in South-Western Sicily. Through an approach based on the so-called walking methods, this work aims at returning the perceptual, critical and analytical outcomes of a flânerie in an ecomuseum.
Sulla ‘talassocrazia’ dei Ciprioti in età arcaica
Authors: Cisnetti Vittorio
Published: December 2024

The concept of ‘thalassocracy’ loomed large across Greek historiographical production, but its roots may be traced back to distinct historical situations experienced in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean during the Archaic age. The so-called ‘List of the Thalassocracies’ preserved by the chronographer Eusebius from Caesarea contains a specific entry about the Cypriots, whose examination might be useful with a view to understand that document overall. The key for this task consists in an assessment of the longue durée of Cyprus’ role as a major maritime outpost and a source of naval expertise in the service of the continental empires of the Near East (first, the Neo-Assyrian, then the Persian Achaemenid one) between the mid-8th and the beginning of the 5th century B.C.
Licurgo, uomo o dio? Alcune riflessioni su PW 29 (Her. I 65, 3)
Authors: Ingarao Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Herodotus is among the first authors to draw a connection between the Delphic manteion and the famous Spartan constitution, but in PW 29 it appears far from explicit. Lykourgos does not ask anything about the Spartan kosmos, but is spontaneously apostrophised by the Delphic priestess who pronounces a sort of celebration of him. Right after the response, Herodotus mentions two different versions about the origin of the Lacedaemonian constitution: the Spartans say that it was received by Lykourgos in Crete, while some others claim that it was dictated to him by the oracle of Delphi. Diodorus confirms this last narration reporting two more verses that explicit the lawgiver’s request of eunomie and its concession by the oracle. The goal of this paper is to add a few more useful elements to the interpretation of this oracular history, in which cultic and political issues are inextricably mixed, thanks to the concept of «oracular intertextuality»: sometimes, the oracular text alludes to one or more Homeric episodes, giving the oracular response extra significance (Giangiulio 2023).
JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome
Authors: Rachubinski Angela L , Wallace Elizabeth , Gurnee Emily , Enriquez-Estrada Belinda A , Worek Kayleigh R , Smith Keith P , Araya Paula , Waugh Katherine A , Granrath Ross E , Britton Eleanor , Lyford Hannah R , Donovan Micah G , Eduthan Neetha Paul , Hill Amanda A , Martin Barry , Sullivan Kelly D , Patel Lina , Fidler Deborah J , Galbraith Matthew D , Dunnick Cory A , Norris David A , Espinosa Joaquín M
Published: December 2024

Background:

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), display clear signs of immune dysregulation, including high rates of autoimmunity and severe complications from infections. Although it is well established that T21 causes increased interferon responses and JAK/STAT signaling, elevated autoantibodies, global immune remodeling, and hypercytokinemia, the interplay between these processes, the clinical manifestations of DS, and potential therapeutic interventions remain ill defined.

Methods:

We report a comprehensive analysis of immune dysregulation at the clinical, cellular, and molecular level in hundreds of individuals with DS, including autoantibody profiling, cytokine analysis, and deep immune mapping. We also report the interim analysis of a Phase II clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib through multiple clinical and molecular endpoints.

Results:

We demonstrate multi-organ autoimmunity of pediatric onset concurrent with unexpected autoantibody-phenotype associations in DS. Importantly, constitutive immune remodeling and hypercytokinemia occur from an early age prior to autoimmune diagnoses or autoantibody production. Analysis of the first 10 participants to complete 16 weeks of tofacitinib treatment shows a good safety profile and no serious adverse events. Treatment reduced skin pathology in alopecia areata, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, while decreasing interferon scores, cytokine scores, and levels of pathogenic autoantibodies without overt immune suppression.

Conclusions:

JAK inhibition is a valid strategy to treat autoimmune conditions in DS. Additional research is needed to define the effects of JAK inhibition on the broader developmental and clinical hallmarks of DS.

Funding:

NIAMS, Global Down Syndrome Foundation.

Clinical trial number:

NCT04246372.
On Projecting Causality
Authors: Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan
Published: December 2024

Causation is familiar as a meaning component in the V-domain, but it can also be found in the C-domain, as witnessed by a variety of wh-adverbial, reflexive adverbial and light verb construals in Mandarin. This paper explores the idea that a loosely organized hierarchy of causality can be stretched from the first phase (i.e., the V-domain) up to the second phase (i.e., the C-domain) along the clausal spine according to the analyticity setting of Chinese. It is shown that all the causality construals under investigation here displays a systematic correspondence between their distributions and interpretations in cartographic terms. We also draw on evidence from non-canonical usages of how-expressions across languages to demonstrate that the “height of interpretation” does matter at the syntax-semantics interface.
Book review
Authors: Leggieri Antonio
Published: December 2024

Book review
Can celebrity comedians make any jokes? Unlocking the nature of humour among Indonesian celebrity comedians on social media
Authors: Tahir Ismail
Published: December 2024

Although humour on social media has attracted much attention in discourse and communication studies, little research has investigated this context among Indonesian celebrity comedians. Moreover, humour among celebrities on social media has become a prominent element of online communication. This study examines the nature and humour strategies among Indonesian celebrity comedians on social media. The data were collected from three kinds of social media, YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook, and analysed using NVivo software to code and visualise the data. The findings indicate that Indonesian celebrity comedians employ four humour categories on social media: self-branding, sharing opinions, engaging in interpersonal discussions, and sharing personal lives. Importantly, self-branding is the most frequently employed category by Indonesian celebrity comedians, in which they develop a clear and consistent brand identity, share their expertise, engage with their audiences as well as fans, and maintain their professional presence. Finally, the implications of the current study provide us with insights and understandings about the nature of humour in the digital environment, particularly on social media. Therefore, the present study's findings offer insightful and positive implications among Indonesian celebrity comedians on social media, including increased engagement, a more relatable brand image, and better engagement with fans.
Negotiating instances of failed humour in a transient transnational community
Authors: Oesterle Mareike , Schwab Götz
Published: December 2024

This study explores how a transient transnational community of teacher educators responds to and negotiates instances of failed humour, addressing a specific research gap in how teacher educators collaborate and interact internationally. Based on a cumulative PhD study within an Erasmus Plus Project (proPIC, 2017-2020), this paper examines instances of failed humour occurring in project meetings between 15 teacher educators from different sociocultural backgrounds. Using the concept of transient transnational communities (Oesterle et al. 2020) and Bell’s (2015) typology of failed humour, this longitudinal and qualitative case study adopts Interactional Sociolinguistics to analyse face-to-face encounters. The analysis of six instances of failed humour from four transnational meetings provides insights into the negotiation processes and highlights significant themes, concluding with a sequencing framework for managing failed humour. The findings indicate the dynamic and fluid nature of these interactions, showing that norms are not static but are continuously negotiated and reshaped based on the community's constellation and context. The study highlights the significant impact of gender and status, demonstrating how these factors influence the management of failed humour and the interactional strategies that emerge.
The Conditions and Improvement Plan for 119 EMS Activities with Anaphylactic Reaction Patients: Focused on Daejeon Metropolitan City
Authors: Shin So-Yeon
Published: December 2024

This study examined the current state of emergency services (EMS) provided to patients experiencing anaphylactic reactions based on 119 EMS activity reports and proposed improvement measures. From January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, a total of 106 individuals with anaphylactic reactions in a metropolitan city were analyzed. The results showed that the most frequent locations for anaphylaxis were homes, mountains, and fields, with bee stings identified as the leading cause. Among the individuals with anaphylactic reactions, 26.4% were classified as severe, 36.8% as moderate, and 36.8% as mild reactions. Severe anaphylactic reactions were associated with increased cardiovascular and respiratory clinical manifestations. Implementation rates for cardiac rhythm monitoring and oxygen, fluid therapy, antihistamine, and epinephrine administration were 21.4%, 46.3%, 28.6%, 3.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. It is crucial to identify the suspected causative agent through accurate medical history taking to improve outcomes. Early prediction of severe anaphylaxis based on a patient’s clinical manifestations and vital signs after exposure is essential to ensure intensive monitoring and appropriate emergency treatment.
Successful Management of Lacto-Acidosis in Wild Elephants: A Case Study of an Adult Tusker and a Juvenile Calf in Odisha, India
Authors: Chakraborty Ashit , Kar Sumit Kumar , Naik Alok Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: This study documents cases of lacto-acidosis in a wild adult tusker and a juvenile elephant in Odisha, India, based on clinical symptoms, blood analysis, and history of carbohydrate-rich feed consumption.
Materials and Methods: Diagnostic samples, including blood, trunk wash, and faecal matter, were collected under sedation and analysed to confirm elevated acidity and related metabolic disturbances. Blood was collected in EDTA(Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and Clot Activator vials. Prior, to collection of blood, the area was cleaned with spirit alcohol. The blood was collected from the ear vein. For Trunk wash, a sterile 50ml Centrifuge Tube Skirted Polypropylene (PP) was used.
Results and Treatment: Treatment with Sodi-Bicarb, fluids, and supportive medications markedly improved clinical symptoms, blood parameters, appetite, and mobility in both elephants.
Conclusion: This case highlights the critical role of timely diagnosis and targeted treatment in managing metabolic disorders in wildlife, offering a replicable approach for conservation and veterinary intervention.
Estimation of Wheat Crop Evapotranspiration from Meteorological Dataset for Anand, India
Authors: Thakor Devrajsinh I. , Gaur M. L. , Tiwari Mukesh K. , Patel Gautam R. , Kalola Arvindkumar D. , Balas Duda B. , Trivedi Mukesh M.
Published: December 2024

The goal of evapotranspiration estimation research is to measure water loss through transpiration and evaporation in order to enable effective management of water resources, enhance irrigation techniques, evaluate the effects of climate change, and support sustainable ecological and agricultural planning. The study was conducted at Regional Research Station (RRS) is located in Anand and part of Anand Agricultural University (AAU) positioned in Middle Gujarat, India. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) method of the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to estimate long-term trends in wheat evapotranspiration in Anand. Monthly and seasonal evapotranspiration for the years 2011 to 2020 was calculated using CROPWAT software. When estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using meteorological parameters, the FAO-PM approach was used as it is known for its reliability. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and other ground-based data were gathered from the meteorological observatory and analyzed to calculate ETo and, in turn, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for wheat while taking crop-specific coefficients (Kc) into account. The monthly evapotranspiration for wheat, as calculated using the FAO-PM method from 2011 to 2020, ranged from 34 to 40 mm in December and 253.7 to 285.2 mm in February. The seasonal ET for the same period varied between 501.2 mm and 561.3 mm. Study concludes that crop has higher water demands during their peak growth stage. Wheat evapotranspiration showed upward trend from 2011 to 2020. The findings provide insight into the relationship between wheat water demand and climatic parameters, temporal fluctuations in ETc, and effective irrigation planning techniques in the face of shifting weather patterns. Recommending the estimation of wheat crop evapotranspiration from a meteorological dataset for Anand using the CROPWAT model is justified because the model efficiently utilizes localized weather data (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) to provide accurate and region-specific irrigation planning and water management insights, optimizing agricultural productivity.
Assessment of Non-adherence to Therapy among HIV/AIDS Patients in Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH)
Authors: Nwokedi Vivian Ukamaka , Chisolum Ugwu Franklin , Agbo Okabeonye Sunday , Chinoye Mbata Emmanuel , Matilda Adekoya Adepeju , Samuel Orkaa Terungwa
Published: December 2024

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made it possible for treating HIV/AIDS as a chronic and manageable infection. HIV patients who receive effective therapy and adhere to it have similar survival rates as people who are not infected. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are given the medications without charge at authorized clinics across Nigeria. Despite being readily available, adherence with ARV medication therapy is still a serious challenge.
Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the adherence level to antiretroviral therapy and medication knowledge among HIV/AIDS patients in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, PEPFAR Unit.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 461 consenting participants aged 18 years and above who had been on ART for at least two months. Data were collected using a standardized self-reported structured questionnaire, covering demographic details, health-related information, medication adherence, and medication knowledge.The response rate was 86.8%. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression.
Results: 64.3% of the respondents were within 38-57 years, 74.8% were female and 25.3% were male, 59.5% were married, 50.3% attended secondary School, 75.0% were self-employed, 98% Christian and their major monthly income fell within #21,000-#30,000 and 66.5% were on two (2) medications. Adherence to ART was observed in 74% of the study participants while 26% were non-adherent. Comorbidity (peptic ulcer disease) and increased number of medications taken were significantly (p <0.05) associated with ART non-adherence among the study participants. There was no statistically significant difference in adherence level across the age groups, gender, and level of education. Majority of the study participants (64.5%) had a good ARV medication knowledge and there was a positive association between medication knowledge and adherence to ARV medications. Hence, there is a need for medication knowledge education during counseling for both old and new patients.
Conclusion: Despite relatively high adherence levels, challenges such as comorbidities and polypharmacy hinder optimal ART outcomes. Education on medication knowledge during counseling is essential for improving adherence among both new and existing patients.
Limitations: This study relied on self-reported adherence data, convenience sampling method, single-site design, cross-sectional methodology, and relatively small sample size may limit the generalizability and validity of the findings.
Assessing Soil Chemical and Biological Properties under Major Cropping Systems in SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chandana R. , Vajantha B. , Chari M. Sreenivasa , Vineetha U. , Naidu M.V.S.
Published: December 2024

A study was carried out during 2023-24 in SPSR Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India to know the impact of major cropping systems on soil chemical and biological properties. Totally 100 soil samples were collected randomly from five major cropping systems viz., paddy-paddy, fallow-paddy, paddy-cotton, paddy-pulses and groundnut-paddy (20 samples from each cropping systems) in SPSR Nellore district and processed, analyzed for available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and dehydrogenase enzyme. The results revealed that available nitrogen in soils varied from 88 kg ha-1 in paddy-cotton cropping system to 289 kg ha-1 in paddy-pulses cropping system with a mean value of 130 and 242 kg ha-1 respectively. 95% of samples showed deficient in available nitrogen. The available phosphorous in soils varied from 19 kg ha-1 in paddy-cotton cropping system to 58 kg ha-1 in paddy-pulses cropping system. The mean available phosphorus is 37.03 and 42.8 kg ha-1 respectively. The available potassium in soils varied from 177 kg ha-1 in paddy-paddy cropping system to 601 kg ha-1 in paddy-pulses cropping system. The available potassium of soils of different cropping systems was medium to high in range. The available sulphur of soils varied from 7.56 mg kg-1 in paddy-paddy cropping system to 33.73 mg kg-1 in paddy-pulses cropping system. The soils had deficient to sufficient in available sulphur in various cropping systems at SPSR Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The soils in paddy-pulses cropping system showed the highest dehydrogenase activity (116.47 µg of TPF g-1 soil day-1) whereas the lowest dehydrogenase activity (18.08 µg of TPF g-1day-1) was observed in paddy-paddy cropping system.
Generalized Stability of a General Quintic Functional Equation
Authors: Jin Sun-Sook , Lee Yang-Hi
Published: December 2024

The general quintic functional equation extends the framework of numerous classical functional equations, including Jensen, quadratic, cubic, and quartic equations, offering a unified perspective on their stability. This paper investigates the generalized stability of the quintic functional equation using advanced mathematical techniques, including the direct method and rigorous computational analysis. By providing improved and concise proofs, this study enhances existing stability results and extends their applicability under broader conditions. These findings contribute to the theoretical foundations of functional equations, with potential implications for diverse areas in mathematics and its applications.
Response to Varying Levels and Sources of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Sharma Vijendra , Singh Akashdeep , Yadav Bharti , Choudhary Vikash , Rana Bharat Bhushan
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Nirwan University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during Rabi, 2023-24 consisting of thirteen treatments with different levels and sources of nitrogen. The results revealed that different sources of nitrogen application brought an additive effect in increasing growth and yield parameters of barley as compared to control. Maximum plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and crop growth rate, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield of barley was significantly obtained with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter followed by 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through chemical fertilizers over rest of the treatments. The plant population was remained unchanged under different sources of nitrogen applications. Therefore, application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter followed by 100% recommended dose of nitrogen through chemical fertilizers were found most profitable as it gave highest seed yield.
Sub Acute Toxicity Study of Mixed Fungal Culture Filtrates Isolated from Maize Stalks of Shivamogga District in Rats
Authors: Uppar Manjunath , Tikare Vinay P. , Shridhar N. B. , Sunilchandra U. , Ravikumar P. , Nagaraja K.
Published: December 2024

Aim: To assess effects of the toxicity caused by consuming the fungal contaminated fodder by the cattle in the field conditions.
Study Design: Study was conducted in 3 groups of Wistar Albino rats.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College Shivamogga, Karnataka, between August 2024 to October 2024.
Methodology: A repeated-dose 28-days oral sub acute toxicity study was performed with three groups (n=6) of Wistar Albino rats. The group I (control) received oral gavage of potato dextrose broth @ dose of 2 mL/100g, where as groups II and III received mixed fungal culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger at the doses of 1 and 2 mL/100 g respectively.
Results: Treated groups (group II and III) showed increase in serological parameters (Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine transaminase, Creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen) and decrease in hematological parameters (PCV, Hb, TLC, TEC).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study inferred that the fungal culture filtrates of fungus isolated from contaminated maize stalk caused toxicity in rats, which was attributed for the presence of a toxic principle components in the fungal culture filtrates.