bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa on vinyl-canvas inflatables and foam teaching aids in swimming pools
Authors: Schets F. M. , van den Berg H. H. J. L. , Baan R. , Lynch G. , de Roda Husman A. M.
Published: December 2014

Swimming pool-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections mainly result in folliculitis and otitis externa. P. aeruginosa forms biofilms on surfaces in the swimming pool environment. The presence of P. aeruginosa on inflatables and foam teaching aids in 24 public swimming pools in the Netherlands was studied. Samples (n = 230) were taken from 175 objects and analysed for P. aeruginosa by culture. Isolated P. aeruginosa were tested for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion. P. aeruginosa was detected in 63 samples (27%), from 47 objects (27%) in 19 (79%) swimming pools. More vinyl-canvas objects (44%) than foam objects (20%) were contaminated, as were wet objects (43%) compared to dry objects (13%). Concentrations were variable, and on average higher on vinyl-canvas than on foam objects. Forty of 193 (21%) P. aeruginosa isolates from 11 different objects were (intermediate) resistant to one or more of 12 clinically relevant antibiotics, mostly to imipenem and aztreonam. The immediate risk of a P. aeruginosa infection from exposure to swimming pool objects seems limited, but the presence of P. aeruginosa on pool objects is unwanted and requires attention of pool managers and responsible authorities. Strict drying and cleaning policies are needed for infrequently used vinyl-canvas objects.
Review of the leading challenges in maintaining reclaimed water quality during storage and distribution
Authors: Jjemba Patrick , Johnson William , Bukhari Zia , LeChevallier Mark
Published: December 2014

Reclaimed water quality has largely focused on meeting standards in the treated effluent. While the focus is well placed, reclaimed water may change before it is used at dispersed locations. Reclaimed water is a perishable product with a shelf life requiring packaging (i.e., piping) and preserving (with a disinfectant) during storage to minimize deterioration in quality. It typically contains higher nutrient levels compared to potable water. Based on an online survey, the challenges were characterized into nine categories in order of importance: infrastructure, water quality, customer relations, operational, cost (pricing), capacity/supply, regulation, workforce, and miscellaneous. The first five categories accounted for 80% of the challenges raised by the industry. A review of the literature provided various remedies to these challenges which can be incorporated into best management practices for controlling potential health and aesthetic issues associated with storage and distribution of reclaimed water.
Financial Engineering and the Arms Race Between Accounting Standard Setters and Preparers
Authors: Dye Ronald A. , Glover Jonathan C. , Sunder Shyam
Published: December 2014

SYNOPSIS

This essay analyzes some problems that accounting standard setters confront in erecting barriers to managers bent on boosting their firms' financial reports through financial engineering (FE) activities. It also poses some unsolved research questions regarding interactions between preparers and standard setters. It starts by discussing the history of lease accounting to illustrate the institutional disadvantage of standard setters relative to preparers in their speeds of response. Then, the essay presents a general theorem that shows that, independent of how accounting standards are written, it is impossible to eliminate all FE efforts of preparers. It also discusses the desirability of choosing accounting standards on the basis of the FE efforts the standards induce preparers to engage in. Then, the essay turns to accounting boards' concepts statements; it points out that no concept statement recognizes the general lack of goal congruence between preparers and standard setters in their desires to produce informative financial statements. We also point out the relative lack of concern in recent concept statements for the representational faithfulness of the financial reporting of transactions. The essay asserts that these oversights may be responsible, in part, for standard setters promulgating recent standards that result in difficult-to-audit financial reports. The essay also discusses factors other than accounting standards that contribute to FE, including the high-powered incentives of managers, the limited disclosures and/or information sources outside the face of firms' financial statements about a firm's FE efforts, firms' principal sources of financing, the increasing complexity of transactions, the difficulties in auditing certain transactions, and the roles of the courts and culture. The essay ends by proposing some other recommendations on how standards can be written to reduce FE.

JEL Classifications: M31.
Limiting slenderness values of smaller concrete tied arch bridges
Authors: Van Bogaert Philippe
Published: December 2014

The assessment of the stability of concrete arch bridges is discussed through considering 4 heritage examples, which have no upper wind bracing. The relevance of this stability problem is due to the need of evaluating the load carrying capacity of older structures and also because of the increase of design loads, or in case of possible defects. The simplified method for verification of second order effects of Eurocode 2 suggests that all 4 cases show nonlinear behaviour. In the case of solid structures as concrete arches, the reduced stiffness method seems well adapted. The latter was combined with geometric nonlinear simulation, including imperfections. The results clearly demonstrate that second order effects are immaterial within the limits of ultimate limit conditions. However, the relation between the critical load factor and the arch slenderness fails to render clear results. Although the number of bridge cases is limited, it appears that the slenderness may not be an adequate factor for determining the arch stability and failure.
Validation of simplified models for the analysis of reinforced concrete beams exposed to gas explosions
Authors: Hingorani Ramón , Tanner Peter , Hendriks Max A. N.
Published: December 2014

This paper addresses structural performance of reinforced concrete beams in residential buildings exposed to the effects of explosions. Eighteen beams were defined and analysed with simplified models. Their flexural response was assessed assuming a system with a single degree of freedom, whereas the reaction forces were determined by applying dynamic equilibrium to the members. Simplifying assumptions therefore had to be made, particularly in connection with the resistance function. To validate those assumptions, the beams were subsequently analysed using a finite element model into which complex issues such as material non-linearity or the effect of gravitational loads on dynamically loaded beams can be adequately factored. The numerical results were found to agree closely with the simplified model predictions, particularly with respect to flexural behaviour. The reaction forces calculated differed by about 5-23 %.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of RC Frame-Shear Wall Structures
Authors: Jiang Huanjun , Liu Xiaojuan , Hu Lingling
Published: December 2014

 Seismic fragility was assessed for RC frame-shear wall structures designed according to current Chinese seismic design code for buildings, taking into account the uncertainty of earthquake ground motions. The site soil type and the seismic protection intensity were considered to be the main design variables of the reference structures. Fragility curves for four performance levels, i.e., fully operational, operational, repairable, and collapse prevention, were developed in this study. The plastic rotation at the ends of structural components (or the total chord rotation) and the inter-story drift ratio, which reflect the damage state of the structure from the viewpoint of the structural component level and the story level respectively, were employed as performance indexes. The results indicate that the seismic performance objectives of RC frame-shear wall structures designed according to current Chinese seismic design code can be achieved with good reliability.
Analytical Study on Connection Part Modelling Method of Dissipation Device Installed in Oblique Direction on I-Girder Bridge
Authors: Choi Joon-Ho , Hozoji Koichi , Yatsumoto Hitoshi
Published: December 2014

In this study, in order to clarify the influence of connection part modelling method of dissipation device installed in oblique direction on an I-girder bridge, case studies using time series analysis with material nonlinearity were conducted. Here in, fixed connected models and pin connected models in between dissipation devices and bridge members were analysed respectively in a few models varied with the installing angle of dissipation device. The parametric analyses were conducted by inputting single earthquake wave in longitudinal direction and vertical direction respectively. From the time series analyses, it was identified that the connection parts modelling of dissipation device contribute little to the response of the dissipation device and it has the influence on the vertical and longitudinal displacement at girder.
Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps for the Visualization of Digital Surface Models
Authors: Pingel Thomas , Clarke Keith
Published: December 2014

Although shaded relief, or hillshaded, images are a widely used method to represent high-resolution (~1-m) digital surfaces derived from airborne laser (or LiDAR) scans, such displays may become difficult to interpret when they include surface features like buildings, roadways, and natural vegetation. One possible alternative as a visualization of such surface models is a representation based on slope shading – the steeper, the darker – but attenuated to the perceptual bias of overestimation of slope. The empirical work presented here demonstrates that Perceptually Shaded Slope Maps (PSSMs) perform as well or better than either hillshaded or hypsometric images on map-reading tasks, including profile estimation and mental rotation.
A New Database Visualization Framework for the Automatic Construction of Non-standard Charts: Re-creating the Chart of Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812
Authors: Shi Wei , Goebel Randy , Yuzuru Tanaka
Published: December 2014

In the last decade, research on database visualization has made great progress in automatically constructing charts composed of standard primitive charts. The next research challenge is to automatically construct non-standard charts which cannot be simply composed with standard primitive types of charts. One typical example is the chart of Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812. As to the challenge of automatic construction of such complex charts, we may classify conventional visualization frameworks into two categories. The first category asks users to procedurally define non-standard charts by programming. The second category asks users to declaratively define non-standard charts with their logical specification using a given library of graphical objects. Here we will propose a new visualization framework in the second category for automatically constructing non-standard charts from their logical specifications and discuss how to apply our framework to create custom-made geovisualization charts. Such a specification is described by one or more pairs of data view schemata (DVSs) and chart view schemata (CVSs). Each DVS is used for manipulating the data store in a database. Each CVS is used for defining the rendered appearances of the different chart components. Using our framework, users can easily re-create and extend such complex non-standard charts as the chart of Napoleon's campaign by simply providing their logical specifications.
Building an Open, Integrated, and Resilient Global Financial System: The Road to Brisbane and Beyond
Authors: Schembri Lawrence L.
Published: December 2014

This commentary assesses the progress made on the G20 regulatory reform agenda since the global financial crisis of 2007–08. The overarching goal of these reforms is to reduce the likelihood and impact of future crises and help to achieve a more open, integrated, and resilient global financial system and global economy. The commentary examines the important policy deliverables for the 2014 G20 Summit in Brisbane, Australia in the areas of strengthening bank capital and liquidity, ending the problem of “too-big-to-fail,” transforming shadow banking into resilient market-based finance, and building continuous over-the-counter derivatives markets. It also provides an overview of the plans to monitor implementation of these policies following the Brisbane Summit. Finally, it argues that balanced and targeted financial regulatory reforms will enhance competitiveness, competition, and consumer welfare.
Thermal and Kinetic Behaviour of Pongamia Glabra Oil Fatty Amide
Authors: Alam Manawwer , Ahmad Naushad
Published: December 2014

N,N-bis(2-hydroxyl ethyl) Pongamia glabra oil fatty amide (HEPA) was synthesised by the aminolysis of pongamia oil. The structural elucidation of HEPA was carried out by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Physico-chemical studies were carried out by standard laboratory methods. Melting point of pongamia glabra oil and HEPA was measured through differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry analysis (TG/DTGA) was used to evaluate the thermal and kinetic behaviour of synthesised HEPA in nitrogen atmosphere under nonisothermal conditions with heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C min−1. The TG curves of polymers at four heating rates were approximately in the same shape which indicated that mass loss is independent of heating rate. Obtained TGA data were analysed by the means of model-free isoconversional methods using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunoseon applications on the whole range of temperature, and were found to be consistent. It was found that at the end of the decomposition process, the value of activation energy increases.
Kinetic Modelling of n-butane Dehydrogenation Over CrOxVOx/MCM-41 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Ajayi Babajide Patrick , Abussaud Basim , Jermy Rabindran , Khattaf Sulaiman Al
Published: December 2014

The kinetics of n-butane dehydrogenation over CrOxVOx/MCM-41 catalyst was studied. The models were developed based on the catalyst tests carried out in a packed bed reactor at reaction temperatures varied from 525 to 575 °C under atmospheric pressure. The dehydrogenation of n-butane mainly gives butene isomers (over 90%), 1,3-butadiene and cracked products consisting of methane, ethane, ethene and propene. Based on the experimental observations, power law type models were formulated and parameters were estimated by fitting the experimental data implemented in MATLAB. The activation energy for the formation of butenes (96.2 kJ mol−1) was found to be considerably less than the activation energy for the formation of the undesirable cracked products (130.4 kJ mol−1).
Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydroquinones in the Absence and Presence of 2-acetyl-gamma-butyrolactone
Authors: Ameri Mohsen , Asghari Alireza , Amoozadeh Ali , Nematollahi Davood , Chamjangali Mansour Arab , Boutorabi Leila
Published: December 2014

Electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinones (1a,b) was studied in the presence of 2-acetyl-gamma-butyrolactone (3) as nucleophile in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0 and c = 0.15 mol L−1):ethanol (80: 20), using cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry. The results indicated that the p-benzoquinone derived from (1a,b) participates in 1,4-Michael addition reaction with 3 via an EC mechanism which produces the relatively new hydroquinone derivatives (5a,b). The electrochemical synthesis of (5a,b) has been successfully performed on carbon rod electrodes in an undivided cell. Furthermore, the observed homogeneous rate constants of the reaction between hydroquinones and 2-acetyl-gamma-butyrolactone were estimated by comparing the experimental cyclic voltammograms curves with those digitally simulated.
Design universel et milieu naturel: quelles contraintes et quelles solutions?
Authors: Borioli Jason , Margot-Cattin Pierre , Kessler Sébastien
Published: December 2014

Universal design and the natural environment: what constraints and what solutions?

In recent years disability studies have seen the emergence of a new paradigm, which considers disability not as an impairment belonging to the person concerned, but as a situation which arises from the interaction between this person and an environment which is not adapted to that person's characteristics and needs. From this point of view, it is important to act on the environment in order to eliminate or limit the mismatch between the environment and the person and thus to allow the person to benefit from a greater social participation as an autonomous and responsible citizen. The universal design – the design of products and environments to be usable by all without the need for adaptation or special design – provides tools for implementing this idea. While there are constraints to implementation in an urban environment, the natural environment seems, at first sight, even more difficult to make universally accessible. After briefly putting these issues in context, the article presents the principles of universal design and tries to show that, on the contrary, it is very relevant also in a natural environment. The article explores solutions that make it possible to respond to three challenges which the authors consider particularly important: reconciliation of different needs, access to places where, at first sight, access seems more difficult than in an urban environment, and the participation of the people concerned as actors, not only visitors.
Determining Common Weights in Data Envelopment Analysis with Shannon’s Entropy
Authors: Qi Xiao-Guang , Guo Bo
Published: December 2014

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for evaluating the efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. In the traditional DEA models, the DMU is allowed to use its most favorable multiplier weights to maximize its efficiency. There is usually more than one efficient DMU which cannot be further discriminated. Evaluating DMUs with different multiplier weights would also be somewhat irrational in practice. The common weights DEA model is an effective method for solving these problems. In this paper, we propose a methodology combining the common weights DEA with Shannon’s entropy. In our methodology, we propose a modified weight restricted DEA model for calculating non-zero optimal weights. Then these non-zero optimal weights would be aggregated to be the common weights using Shannon’s entropy. Compared with the traditional models, our proposed method is more powerful in discriminating DMUs, especially when the inputs and outputs are numerous. Our proposed method also keeps in accordance with the basic DEA method considering the evaluation of the most efficient and inefficient DMUs. Numerical examples are provided to examine the validity and effectiveness of our proposed methodology.
Anticancer Agents Targeted to Sirtuins
Authors: Kozako Tomohiro , Suzuki Takayoshi , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Arima Naomichi , Honda Shin-ichiro , Soeda Shinji
Published: December 2014

Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent deacetylases of which there are seven isoforms (SIRT1–7). Sirtuin activity is linked to gene expression, lifespan extension, neurodegeneration, and age-related disorders. Numerous studies have suggested that sirtuins could be of great significance with regard to both antiaging and tumorigenesis, depending on its targets in specific signaling pathways or in specific cancers. Recent studies have identified small chemical compounds that modulate sirtuins, and these modulators have enabled a greater understanding of the biological function and molecular mechanisms of sirtuins. This review highlights the possibility of sirtuins, especially SIRT1 and SIRT2, for cancer therapy targets, and focuses on the therapeutic potential of sirtuin modulators both in cancer prevention and treatment.
Météorisation des monuments mégalithiques néolithiques et vitesse de l'érosion des granites en milieu océanisé : relais de processus et substitutions de formes. (Weathering of Neolithic megalithic monuments and erosion rates of granite in oceanic temperate environment : shifts of processes and substitutions of shapes )
Authors: Sellier Dominique
Published: December 2014

Megalithic monuments, erected in the Neolithic age and made of granite, bear disintegration marks and microforms such as rock basins and flutes, significant of located weathering rates which can reach 30 to 50 mm Ka-1 in oceanic temperate environments. The typology and the distribution of these irregular marks show shifts of processes and substitutions of shapes revealing weathering degrees.
Approche géographique de l'érosion des temples d'Angkor : enjeux et perspectives (Geographical approach of the Angkor temple degradation : current issues and prospect)
Authors: André Marie-Françoise , Mercier Denis , Étienne Samuel , Voldoire Olivier , Vautier Franck
Published: December 2014

Sur la base d'une campagne exploratoire récemment conduite sur le site d' Angkor, une équipe de géographes est engagée dans une démarche de qualification, quantification et spatialisation de l 'érosion du temple de Ta Keo. Ce programme, qui s 'appuie sur le croisement des acquis de la géomorphologie et de la géomatique, a pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de la déforestation sur la dégradation des surfaces sculptées. Il devrait contribuer à orienter les stratégies de gestion durable du site d' Angkor.
Le réajustement des versants islandais en contexte de déglaciation rapide : les marges glaciaires du Sud-Est de l'Islande (Readjustment of Icelandic slopes in a glacial retreat context : the glacier margins of South-East Iceland)
Authors: Chenet Marie
Published: December 2014

Les versants islandais situés à la périphérie des grandes calottes glaciaires sont soumis à une déprise glaciaire depuis la fin du Petit Age glaciaire et connaissent des réajustements rapides. L'étude de marges glaciaires dans la région de l'Öraefi (Sud-est de l'Islande) permet d'identifier les processus responsables de ces ajustements. Elle montre que la compréhension des paysages en contexte de déglaciation nécessite à la fois la prise en compte de processus climatiques dans leur contexte morpho-structural et des dynamiques paraglaciaires.
Facteurs de continuité et de disjonction spatio-temporelle des évolutions aux échelles moyennes en Haute-Loire et Haut-Allier (Massif central, France) (Continuous and discontinuous evolution factors in the upper Loire and Allier catchments - Massif central, France)
Authors: Defive Emmanuelle
Published: December 2014

The analysis of upper Loire and Allier catchments Neogene evolution gives arguments for understanding the status of inherited features with regard to landscape sensitivity question and hits control factors.
Aplanissements culminants en contexte orogénique actif : le paradoxe des Bétiques internes (Andalousie orientale - province d'Almería) (A geomorphological paradox : planation surfaces and active tectonics within the internal areas of the Betic chains, eastern Andalusia)
Authors: Farines Bernard
Published: December 2014

Les chaînons des zones internes des Cordillères Bétiques orientales sont caractérisés par la présence de hautes surfaces culminantes du néogène tardif. Une approche multicritère permet d'expliquer la jeunesse et le maintien dans le paysage de ces aplanissements culminants dans un contexte orogénique actif
Les vitraux disparus de l'église des Cordeliers de Nancy
Authors: Hérold Michel
Published: December 2014

The Lost Windows of the Church of the Cordeliers in Nancy, by M. Herold.

In 1482, René II, duke of Lorraine, founded a Franciscan convent in Nancy. The chapel of this convent, destined to house the sepulchres of the dukes, was built between 1483 and 1526 and sumptuously decorated. Its furnishings and stained- glass Windows, which are of particular interest, hâve disappeared. A reconstruction of twelve of thèse Windows is now possible with the help of some archivai material and various prints and drawings, in particular an early seventeenth-century engraving, by Frederic Brentel, depicting the funeral cérémonies of duke Charles III.

Donations made over a sixty-year period (1486-1545) insured the progressive installation of the Windows. Seven of them were offered by duke René II, his mother Yolande d'Anjou, his wife, and his sons — the duke Antoine, Jean Cardinal de Lorraine, Louis comte de Vaudemont — and are the expression of a véritable princely patronage in the Angevin tradition. A certain number of recently ennobled ducal officers, a new élément in Lorraine Society, followed their example.

The iconography chosen by the donors was not subject to an overall programme ; hierarchically, however, the ducal Windows were given privileged positions in the bays of the choir and the rose of the façade.

A prestigious glass maker, Pierre Hemmel d'Andlau, received from Yolande d'Anjou and René II a commission for three Windows, but the rest are by local artists from Nancy whose existence had heretofore scarcely been imagined. The study of the lost Windows from the chapel of the Cordeliers in Nancy brings an important contribution to our knowledge of the art of glass making in the duchy of Lorraine at a time when that art was at its apogée.
Chronologie des sermons de Grégoire de Nysse
Authors: Daniélou Jean
Published: December 2014

Deux excès semblent avoir vicié les nombreuses études portant dès 1949 sur la question des rapports entre la communauté essénienne du khirbet Qumrân et l'Église judéo-chrétienne des origines : la tendance à voir dans les textes judaïques l'explication même de la littérature et du fait chrétiens, une certaine méfiance par ailleurs à l'égard de toute comparaison des écrits apostoliques et qumrâniens. La critique actuelle réagit de plus en plus contre ces extrêmes et souligne vigoureusement la complexité du débat.

La présente étude, qui s'ouvre sur un répertoire des travaux publiés depuis 1949 sur le problème, a pour objet de faire le point de la discussion et d'en reconsidérer les résultats.

Aucune des multiples analogies entre Jean le Baptiste et la confrérie de la Mer Morte n'apparaît pure de divergences notables Jean est issu du sacerdoce messianiste, mais il ne s'affirme pas irréconciliable avec les représentants du parti antisadoqite des Sadducéens. De même, il cite le Deutéro-Isaie comme la source de son eschatologie, mais il le commente dans un sens moins légaliste et plus prophétique que les gens de l'Alliance.
Gene prediction and annotation in Penstemon (Plantaginaceae): A workflow for marker development from extremely low‐coverage genome sequencing
Authors: Blischak Paul D. , Wenzel Aaron J. , Wolfe Andrea D.
Published: December 2014

• Premise of the study: Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) is a large and diverse genus endemic to North America. However, determining the phylogenetic relationships among its 280 species has been difficult due to its recent evolutionary radiation. The development of a large, multilocus data set can help to resolve this challenge.

• Methods: Using both previously sequenced genomic libraries and our own low‐coverage whole‐genome shotgun sequencing libraries, we used the MAKER2 Annotation Pipeline to identify gene regions for the development of sequencing loci from six extremely low‐coverage Penstemon genomes (∼0.005×–0.007×). We also compared this approach to BLAST searches, and conducted analyses to characterize sequence divergence across the species sequenced.

• Results: Annotations and gene predictions were successfully added to more than 10,000 contigs for potential use in downstream primer design. Primers were then designed for chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear loci from these annotated sequences. MAKER2 identified longer gene regions in all six Penstemon genomes when compared with BLASTN and BLASTX searches. The average level of sequence divergence among the six species was 7.14%.

• Discussion: Combining bioinformatics tools into a workflow that produces annotations can be useful for creating potential phylogenetic markers from thousands of sequences even when genome coverage is extremely low and reference data are only available from distant relatives. Furthermore, the output from MAKER2 contains information about important gene features, such as exon boundaries, and can be easily integrated with visualization tools to facilitate the process of marker development.
Development and characterization of nuclear microsatellite markers in the endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae (Clavicipitaceae)
Authors: von Cräutlein Maria , Korpelainen Helena , Helander Marjo , Öhberg Annika , Saikkonen Kari
Published: December 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae, which is symbiotic with Festuca rubra, to study the population genetics of the species and to compare population structures between E. festucae and its host F. rubra.

• Methods and Results: We developed 14 polymorphic markers using the unplaced genomic scaffold sequences of E. festucae from GenBank. The number of alleles per locus (A) varied from four to 16, and unbiased haploid diversity (h) was 0.717 in eight populations located in the Faroe Islands, Finland, and Spain. The Spanish populations possessed a higher number of alleles and haploid diversity (on average A = 5.1 and h = 0.591, respectively) compared to northern populations (on average A = 1.5 and h = 0.199, respectively).

• Conclusions: These polymorphic markers will be used by grass breeders for uses including the improvement of commercial turfgrass cultivars, and by population geneticists to study different species of the Epichloë genus.
Diálisis peritoneal automática adaptada: un método de prescripción eficaz, eficiente y seguro
Authors: Aragó Sorrosal Sergi , Sánchez Ruíz Magdalena , Quintela Martínez Marta , Alicarte Gracia Ana Isabel , Vera Rivera Manel
Published: December 2014

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los resultados obtenidos tras la introducción de la modalidad de diálisis peritoneal automática adaptada, usando bicarbonato puro como agente tampón, en un grupo de pacientes en programa de diálisis peritoneal automática convencional. Estudio de diseño cuasi experimental, que se realizó entre los meses de febrero y diciembre de 2013, en la unidad de diálisis peritoneal del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Los sujetos de estudio fueron 12 pacientes, 7 mujeres y 5 hombres, de dicha unidad en modalidad de diálisis peritoneal automática convencional. Edad media 58±12 años (rango: 34-71). El estudio consistió en comparar dos modalidades de diálisis peritoneal automática. Se inició el estudio con prescripción de diálisis convencional, durante tres meses, para cambiar a modalidad de diálisis adaptada durante el mismo intervalo de tiempo. Y finalizarlo, con tres meses de pauta de diálisis convencional. Se prescribió el mismo volumen total de líquido de diálisis y tiempo de sesión, para cada paciente en ambas modalidades, variando los volúmenes y tiempos de permanencia en función de la modalidad. Se utilizó solución de diálisis con bicarbonato puro y glucosa 1,5%. Todos los pacientes, con día seco. Se monitorizaron las variables al inicio del estudio, y en cada cambio de prescripción. Los resultados obtenidos en diálisis convencional: Kt/v=2,3±0,2, aclaramiento de creatinina=63±8litros/s mana, y ultrafiltración=842±110ml. En diálisis adaptada, Kt/v=2,8±0,2, aclaramiento de creatinina=74±9litros/semana, y ultrafiltración=982±123ml. La diálisis adaptada permite obtener una adecuada eficacia de tratamiento, mejora los parámetros de adecuación de diálisis y ultrafiltración; siendo segura y cómoda.
The short term influence of aboveground biomass cover crops on C sequestration and β–glucosidase in a vineyard ground under semiarid conditions
Authors: Peregrina Fernando , Pérez-Álvarez Eva P. , García-Escudero Enrique
Published: December 2014

Tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate soil organic matter losses in Spanish vineyards. Previous studies showed that cover crops can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in Mediterranean vineyards. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of two different cover crops in the short term on soil C sequestration in a semiarid vineyard and to study the potential use of both β–glucosidase enzimatic activity (GLU) and the GLU/SOC ratio in order to assess the SOC increase. The experiment was carried out in a cv. Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard on a Oxyaquic Xerorthent soil in Rioja winegrowing region (NE, Spain). The experimental design was established in 2009 with three treatments: conventional tillage; sown barley cover crop (Hordeum vulgare, L.); sown Persian clover cover crop (Trifolium resupinatum L.). Carbon in the aboveground biomass with each cover crop was monitored. Soil was sampled in June 2011 and June 2012, and SOC, GLU and the GLU/SOC ratio were determined. After 3 years both cover crops increased SOC at soil surface with C sequestration rates of 0.47 and 1.19 t C ha-1 yr-1 for BV and CV respectively. GLU and GLU/SOC ratio increased in both cover crops at 0-5 cm soil depth. The C sequestration rates and GLU were related to the cover crops aboveground biomass. In consequence, in semiarid vineyards under cover crops GLU could be an appropriate indicator to asses the increase of SOC and the soil quality improvement in the short-term (2-3 years).
Short communication. Employment of molecular markers to develop tetraploid “supermale” asparagus from andromonoecious plants of the landrace ‘Morado de Huétor’
Authors: Regalado Jose J. , Gil Juan , Castro Patricia , Moreno Roberto , Lopez-Encina Carlos
Published: December 2014

The aim of this work was the development of new “supermale” genotypes retaining the highest genetic diversity possible of the tetraploid asparagus landrace ‘Morado de Huétor’. The elite andromonoecious male HT664 of the ‘Morado de Huétor’ asparagus landrace and the andromonoecious hybrid male HC027, obtained by crossing between this landrace and a commercial cultivar of Asparagus officinalis, were selected for self-pollination to produce possible “supermales” with genes of ‘Morado de Huétor’ (SMHT). To confirm the hybrid nature of HC027, we characterized this genotype with EST-SSR (Expressed Sequence Tag-derived Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. We also adopted the sex-linked marker Asp1-T7 for sex determination in ‘Morado de Huétor’ and the resulting hybrids between this landrace and other commercial cultivars. Asp1-T7 marker was used for the selection and genotyping of SMHT. “All-male” cultivars with a different genetic background can be generated by crossing females with these new “supermale” genotypes, and the agronomical traits of these new cultivars would be very different from the “all-male” cultivars currently available in the market, making them extremely interesting for asparagus breeding programs.
Het kwaad
Authors: van Stokkom Bas , Cools Marc
Published: December 2014

Evil. Some introductory thoughts

Journalists are accustomed to investigate and interpret current forms of violent conflicts and massacres. Psychologists and social scientists lag behind and seem to focus more on ‘remote’ forms of evil, often focusing on forms of authoritarian behaviour and obedience, especially related to the Holocaust. It is striking that reflections on collective violence are often ignored by criminologists. How can this ‘distance’ be explained? Why is there little incentive to study ‘evil’? In this introduction we first discuss the difficult issue of how to define ‘evil’ and we clarify its various meanings. Then we focus on the Holocaust, an oppressive theme that still instigates much debate. In particular, the thesis of the ‘banality of evil’ is controversial. This interest in appalling forms of mass destruction – by theologians, ethicists and historians – raises once again the question why criminological reflection and research of barbarity remains underdeveloped.
De seriemoordenaar als moreel verantwoordelijke actor
Authors: Piret Jean-Marc
Published: December 2014

The serial killer as a moral responsible actor. Christian, Sadean and Nietzschean perspectives on evil

This article is about the ability of human beings to make a deliberate choice to do evil. Punishing evildoers according to penal law presupposes that they are responsible for their acts, i.e. that they acted out of free will. In the first part I recall the origins of the classical nexus between free will, responsibility and punishment in Christian theology and scholastic philosophy. Then I analyze the philosophies of Sade and Nietzsche in order to demonstrate how the traditional conception of good and evil can be inverted. Sades extreme moral relativism and Nietzsches radical perspectivism open the gates for a justification of moral evil. In the final part I look at the serial killer as an actor who deliberately chooses to do evil. The personality disorder (psychopathy) of most serial killers probably affects their inhibition to harm others. But although their lack of empathy can lower the threshold for harming others, this (mostly) does not annihilate their moral responsibility. Such can be exemplified by the fact that many serial killers are acting in an extremely strategic, opportunistic and deceitful way in order to ensure the persistence of their deliberate choice to do evil. Moreover, some serial killers, when justifying their behavior, engage in arguments putting into perspective ‘good’ and ‘evil’ in a way that is reminiscent of Sade and Nietzsche.
Los judíos de Maqueda (Toledo) y el monasterio de Santo Domingo el Antiguo de Toledo
Authors: Viñuelas Ferreiro Gonzalo
Published: December 2014

Documento medito en el que se describe la ruptura del contrato de censo que habían establecido las monjas del monasterio bernardo de Santo Domingo el Antiguo de Toledo, con dos judíos de Maqueda (Toledo), a quienes habían entregado todas sus tierras en término de la citada villa a cambio de cierta cantidad de dinero que los hebreos no habían pagado durante varios años.Unpublished document that describes the rupture of a census contract between the nuns of the Santo Domingo Bernardine Monastery at Toledo, and two jews of Maqueda (Toledo), who have all the lands of the monastery in this village in exchange for some money that these hebrews haven 't paid for some years.
El sentido del saber en la Escolástica medieval
Authors: Vergara Ciordia Javier
Published: December 2014

La historia del aprendizaje es en parte la historia de la cultura. En este artículo se aborda cómo se entendieron en la Edad Media las relaciones entre el conocimiento y el aprendizaje. En primer lugar se estudia la historia del conocimiento enciclopédico hasta la escolástica medieval; a continuación se analiza la concepción medieval de la historia y del libro, haciendo especial hincapié en su carácter sacral; el artículo termina analizando la concepción del conocimiento en los enciclopedistas, especialmente en la figura y obra de Vicente de Beauvais, a quien se debe la principal enciclopedia de esta época.The history of Learning is partly the history of Culture. In this article we find an approach about the way the relationships between Knowledge and Learning were understood in the Middie Ages. Firstly there is and analysls of the history of encyclopedic knowledge till the scholastic medieval. Then, we find an analysls about the medieval conception of history and of the book, with and special stress in thelr sacred character. Lastly, the study analyces the conception of Knowledge in the enciclopedists, especially in the figure and work of Vincent of Beauvais, to whom the main encyclopedia of this time is owed.
In memoriam David Romano Ventura (1925-2001), Catedrático de Lengua y Literatura Italiana, Maestro y amigo
Authors: Casas Nadal Monserrat , Navarro Salazar María Teresa
Published: December 2014

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La familia rural navarra a comienzos del siglo XV
Authors: Monteano Sorbet Peio J.
Published: December 2014

Dos fuentes inusuales elaboradas en Navarra entre 1427 y 1437 permiten el estudio de su población bajomedieval tras casi un siglo de continuo deterioro demográfico y económico a causa de las epidemias, hambrunas y agobiante presión fiscal. En cuanto a la composición del hogar se aprecia la importancia de los núcleos familiares complejos, especialmente en el norte del reino, y un número medio de individuos por fuego que oscilaría entre 4,5 y 5. La estructura demográfica se caracterizaría por la abundancia de niños menores de 12 años, el reducido peso de los adolescentes y las altas tasas de masculinidad, reflejo todo ello de las dificultades planteadas por la coyuntura de aquellos años de continuo declive demográfico.Two unusual sources from Navarra dated between the years 1427 and 1423, make possible the study of its population during the late middie ages, after almost a century of a continuous decreasing economy and demography, due to starvation, hunger and ovenvhelming taxes. In relation to households structure, it has to be noticed the complexity of the family core, specially in the north part of the kingdom, and an average number of members by family between 4,5 and 5. The characteristics of the demographic structure are the high presence ofchiidren below 12, the low number of teenagers and the high number of males; reflecting the difficulties derived from the situation during those years ofa continuous decreasing demography.
Fortalezas y Guerra Santa : un estudio comparado de algunos aspectos de funcionalidad en las fronteras de la Cristiandad
Authors: Palacios Ontalva J. Santiago
Published: December 2014

En torno a las fortalezas se desarrollaron muchos de los episodios bélicos del secular enfrentamiento medieval entre el Islam y la Cristiandad. En las fronteras orientales y occidentales de estos dos mundos, la arquitectura militar se convirtió en objetivo prioritario de la guerra, al tiempo que constituían bases seguras desde las que operar contra el enemigo. El trabajo que presentamos nos permite acercarnos a la compleja realidad funcional de estos castillos a la vanguardia de la Guerra Santa, recurriendo para ello a diversos ejemplos de la realidad fronteriza en la Península Ibérica y en Tierra Santa.In connection witti thíe fortresses were developed many warlike episodes of the secular medieval confrontation among tfie Islam and the Christendom. In the western and eastern frontiers of these two worlds, the militan/ architecture was converted in a high-priority objective of the war, to the time that constituted secure bases from those which to opérate against the enemy. The work that we present allow us an approach to the complex functional reality of these castles to the forefront of the Holy War, appealing for this to various examples of the Holy Land and the Iberian península border reality.
Donación de Sancho I de Mallorca de un antiguo cementerio judío a la ciudad de Mallorca
Authors: Ortega Villoslada Antonio
Published: December 2014

En 1319 Sancho I de Mallorca dona a la ciudad y a los Jurados de Mallorca unos terrenos, antiguo cementerio judío, para la construcción de una nueva atarazana. Esta donación se enmarca en la política de la monarquía mallorquína destinada a favorecer a sus subditos para poder hacer frente a la presión ejercida por Pedro el Ceremonioso para reincorporar el Reino de Mallorca a la Corona de Aragón.In 1319 Sancho I of Majorca done to the City and to Sworns of Majorca some terrains, ancient cemetery jew, for the construction of a new shipyard. This donation was framed in the politics of the monarchy of Majorca destined to favor to the subjects to be able to stand up against the pressure exercised by Peter the Ceremonious for to join the Reign of Majorca to Crown of Aragón.
La manipulación de la causa alfonsina en Castilla, 1464-1468
Authors: Romero Portilla Paz
Published: December 2014

En los difíciles años que tuvieron lugar entre la proclamación como «rey» del infante Alfonso y su muerte, apenas tres años después, Castilla vivió unos momentos de división y enfrentamiento. La institución monárquica en la persona de Enrique IV fue atacada, debilitada en sus funciones e insultada, por un grupo de nobles que buscando, en su mayor parte, conseguir beneficios y poder, alzaron a un niño como «rey». Durante estos años fue la nobleza la que gobernó el reino utilizando la figura del rey, en un caso por indefensión y en otro por debilidad. En ambos casos, tanto Alfonso como Enrique IV fueron títeres de un poder oligárquico que trataba de hacerse con el gobierno de Castilla. Sin duda el partido portugués, formado por miembros de familias de ascendencia lusitana fueron protagonistas en estos tristes sucesos.During the hard years that passed between the proclamation of the infant Alphonse as a «king» and his death, only three years later, the kingdom of Castile suffered the effects of partition and confrontation. The monarchical institution in the person of Henry IV, was attacked, weakened in its functions and insulted by a group of noblemen who searching for power established a boy like a «king». The nobility governed the kingdom on behalf of the king, on one hand because of defenselessness and on the other because of weakness. In both cases, Alphonse as well as Henry were puppets of an oligarchical power that tried to get the government of Castile. Undoubtedly, the Portuguese party made up of families of a Portuguese origin, were protagonists in these sad events.
Más aportaciones para el estudio de la aljama hebrea de la villa de Ágreda
Authors: Senet Díez María Pía
Published: December 2014

Se aportan nuevos datos sobre la aljama judía de Agreda (Soria) en base a la documentación conservada en el Archivo Municipal de la villa y varios estudios inéditos realizados en consecuencia con los seguimientos arqueológicos relacionados con las restauraciones del edificio de la «Sinagoga» y de las murallas. Se aportan datos relativos a la Carta Real de Merced de los Reyes Católicos sobre la sinagoga, transcribiendo su dos versiones. Se analiza la familia de prestamistas judíos de la villa documentada en las referencias del registro de escribanos y se identifican los restos de una Biblia hebrea que se conserva en el Ayuntamiento de Agreda.New data about the Jewish Synagogue of Agreda (Soria) are provided, based on documents found in the town's archive, and in some unpublished reports about the archaeological works of restoration of the Synagogue and the town walls. Information is provided about the Royal Act of Grace of The Catholic Kings to the Synagogue, transcribing its two versions. The toivn Jewish moneylender's family is analysed in notary's documents of their Registry as well as the rests of a Hebrew Bible found in the town council.
RESEÑA de : de Córdova Miralles, A. La Corte de Isabel I : ritosy ceremonias de una reina (1474-1504). Madrid : Editorial Dykinson, 2002
Authors: Puñal Fernández Tomás
Published: December 2014

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