bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospect for the using of heat pumps for heating of buildings in enterprise
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Sirkо Z. , Korenda V. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Vyshnyakov I. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Protasov O. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Ochrimenko S. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource", Tsiren N. ,   Ukrainian State Research Institute "Resource"
Published: December 2020

Heat pump - a device for transferring thermal energy from a source of low potential thermal energy to a consumer with a higher temperature. The thermodynamic cycle of a heat pump is similar to a refrigerating machine. Depending on the principle of operation, heat pumps are divided into compression and absorption. The most commonly used compression heat pumps. In recent years, numerous publications on the use of heat pump technology in heating and hot water supply facilities of various spheres - from individual homes to residential neighborhoods have appeared in various media. The authors of the publication have many years of experience in joint scientific and technical cooperation with leading technical universities and industrial organizations in the field of development and practical use of heat pump technology. The authors analyze the possibilities of introducing heat pumps at enterprises and organizations of the State Reserve System of Ukraine. It has been shown that the amount of expenses in comparison with central heating or operation of gas and electric boilers of similar power is several times smaller. It is noted that the implementation of heat pumps is a promising direction in the use of alternative energy sources to meet the heating, ventilation and hot water supply needs of buildings. The payback period from the introduction of heat pumps at enterprises is 4-9 years, depending on the location of the object and the type of source of low-temperature heat. The article meets the requirements of the State Tax Code of Ukraine and can be recommended for publication.
Problematic aspects of administrative liability for violation of rules of road traffic
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Olena Artemenko
Published: December 2020

The article explores the issue of administrative liability for pedestrian traffic violations. It has been found that road safety issues are of concern to everyone, as we are all road users, whether drivers, passengers or pedestrians. According to the World Health Organization, the number of road traffic fatalities is extremely high and is set at around 1.25 million per year, which is unacceptable. Moreover, most of all deaths are in middle- and low-income countries, including Ukraine. It is argued that, at present, the rules of the Code of Administrative Offenses relating to measures of liability for pedestrian traffic violations are essentially dead, which is explained by the use of only a preventive measure and a rather low amount of penalties for such offenses. Administrative responsibility in the field of security is the responsibility of drivers of vehicles or other road users, including officials who are authorized to ensure the safe operation of roads and road structures, transport, operation of transport and roads, for violations of express traffic rules in the application to the perpetrators of administrative penalties in accordance with the grounds and in the manner prescribed by the rules of administrative law This all contributes to the spread of mass offenses in the industry by the efforts of legislators to remedy this situation by amending the relevant Code of Conduct in order to increase accountability and thereby reduce pedestrians' attempts to take similar actions. It is emphasized that as of 2020, a mechanism for the effectiveness of administrative liability for violation of traffic rules by pedestrians has been worked out, in the form of a draft Law on Increasing Administrative Liability in this Field for such road users – as pedestrians. Keywords: administrative responsibility, administrative liability for traffic violations, pedestrian, traffic, traffic accident
PENERAPAN TEORI MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Sartika Dewi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui Penerapan Teori Multiple Intelligences dalam pembelajaran fisika. Penelitian ini dianggap penting karena setiap peserta didik pada dasarnya memiliki intelegensi dominan yang berbeda-beda. Sehingga kemampuan menangkap pelajaranpun akan berbeda-beda pula. Hal inilah yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi rendahnya hasil belajar fisika peserta didik. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik dengan diterapkannya teori multiple intelligences dalam pembelajaran, maka digunakan One Group Pre Test-Post Test Design sebagai desain penelitian, dimana dilakukan tes sebelum (pretest) dan setelah (posttest) pembelajaran. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar yang signifikan pada kelas yang diajar dengan penerapan teori multiple intelligences. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis multiple intelligences dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik. Olehnya itu sangat penting bagi para pengajar fisika untuk menerapkan suatu teknik mengajar yang sesuai dengan kecerdasan dominan para peserta didiknya dan kecerdasan dominan pengajar itu sendiri.Kata kunci—Multiple intelligences, Hasil Belajar, One Group Pre Test-Post Test Design
SINTESIS BAHAN ND1(Fe)xBa2-xCu3Oy DENGAN METODE REAKSI PADATAN (SOLID STATE REACTION)
Authors: Humairah Nur Aisyah
Published: December 2020

Telah berhasil dikembangkan bahan paduan oksida Nd1(Fe)xBa2-xCu3Oy dengan variasi x=+0,1 sampai +0,5. Hasil analisis struktur kristal dengan menggunakan pengukuran XRD menunjukkan telah terjadi ikatan senyawa dengan kristalinitas yang tinggi, yang dapat dilihat pola pertumbuhan kristalnya dengan sangat konsisten mulai dari hasil sampel serbuk. Sedang dari hasil pengukuran EDAX diperoleh data komposisi penyusun bahan paduan telah sesuaidengan kerangka penelitian tahun pertama, dengan rasio perbandingan molar Nd:Ba:Fe:Cu = 1: 2-x :x :3,1. Hasil variasi doping Fe pada paduan oksida juga ditunjukkan berdasarkan hasil pengukuran SEM, dimana terjadi perubahan pola pertumbuhan butiran dari X=0 dan x= +0,4. Demikian pula puncak-puncak ikatan kimia terhadap panjang gelombang juga menunjukkan orientasi dan pola ikatan yang sangat konsisten. Hasil ini mingindikasikan bahwa perubahan sifat fisis yang telah teramati tidak diikuti dengan perubahan sifat kimia, berarti telah terjadi ikatan senyawa yang sangat kompak pada paduan Nd1(Fe)xBa2-xCu3Oy berapapun variasi x yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: Metode reaksi padatan
Pengembangan Instrumen untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SMA Kabupaten Majene
Authors: Hikmah Hikmah , Amin Nursyafitri
Published: December 2020

Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mengadakan perbaikan pembelajaran berkaitan dengan model tes dan sistem penskorannya. Tujuan khusus penelitian untuk menghasilkan instrumen penilaian kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking) HOT Matematika pada kelas XI SMA yang memenuhi syarat, meliputi: 1) fit dengan PCM dan 1) tingkat kesulitan item Responden siswa SMA kelas XI di Kabupaten Majene terdiri 3 SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Majene yaitu SMA Negeri 1, SMA Negeri 2, dan SMA Negeri 3. Langkah-langkah penelitian meliputi; 1) perancangan instrumen, 2) uji coba instrumen, dan 3) perakitan tes. Tahap perancangan instrumen meliputi: a) Penentuan Tujuan Tes, b) Penentuan Kompetensi yang akan diujikan, c) Penentuan Materi yang Diujikan, d) Penyusunan Kisi-kisi Tes, e) Penulisan Item Berdasarkan Prinsip-prinsip Pengembangan Tes HOT, f) Validasi Item Tes, g) Perbaikan Item dan Perakitan Tes, dan h) Penyusunan Pedoman Penskoran. Tahap uji coba instrumen terdiri: a) Penetapan Subjek Uji Coba (SMA), b) Pelaksanaan Uji coba Tes, dan c) Analisis Data Hasil Uji Coba dengan teknik: (1) Kecocokan Item Instrumen (goodness fit), (2) Reliabilitas, (3) Kurva Karakteristik Item, (4) Indeks Kesukaran, dan (5) Fungsi Informasi dan SEM. Tahap Perakitan Tes untuk Pengukuran.Kata kunci : pengembangan instrumen, penilaian, kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi.
Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin , Jahring Jahring
Published: December 2020

Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) penelitian true eksperimen dengan design yang bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X Farmasi di SMK Negeri 1 Watunohu. Penelitian ini diawali dengan kegiatan observasi kemudian memberikan tes awal dan kemudian melakukan pelaksanaan PTK dalam dua siklus tindakan. Teknik pengambilan data yang menggambarkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan lembar observasi sedangkan data yang menggambarkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa didapat melalui tes tindakan penelitian melalui instrument soal tiap siklus. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil yang diperoleh dari tes awal bahwa tidak ada siswa yang memperoleh predikat sangat baik,namun yang dikategorikan baik sebanyak 13.33% sedangkan yang dikategorikan cukup baik sekitar 33.33%, dan yang dikategorikan kurang baik sebanyak 53.33%. Pada hasil tes siklus I meningkat, yang memperoleh nilai sangat baik sebanyak 6.67%, komunikasi matematis siswa yang dikategorikan baik sebanyak 53.33%, sedangkan dikaategorikan cukup baik sebanyak 6.67%. Pada tes siklus II mengalami meningkat, siswa memperoleh sangat baik sebanyak 13.33%, memperoleh predikat baik sebanyak 80%, sedangkan yang dikategorikan cukup baik 33.33%, dan yang dikategorikan kurang baik 6.67%. Dengan demikian indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini dapat tercapai dengan baik.Kata kunci—Reciprocal teaching, PTK, hasil belajar
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas V SD 027 Rattematama dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Bahasa Mandar
Authors: Ajmain Ajmain , Ansar Ansar , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Masrura Siti Inaya
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang karakter kesulitan belajar matematika berbasis bahasa Mandar pada siswa kelas V di SD 027 Rattematama Polewali Mandar. Jenis Penelitian Ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V yang mengalami kesulitan belajar matematika, guru kelas V, guru kelas IV, guru kelas III, dan guru Kelas II. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Data dianalisis melalui langkah-langkah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kesulitan belajar matematika siswa Kelas V SD 024 Rattematama yang mengalami kesulitan belajar matematika berbasis bahasa mandar yaitu kesulitan dalam keterampilan Berhitung, kesulitan dalam memahami konsep, kesulitan dalam memahami soal cerita.Kata kunci: Kesulitan-belajar, bahasa-mandar, triangulasi
Konfigurasi Spasial Potensi Kekuatan Gempa Bumi Menggunakan Metode Kriging Semivariogram Anisotropik 3D
Authors: Salim Salim , Mukhaiyar Utriweni
Published: December 2020

Indonesia terletak pada pertemuan empat lempeng tektonik, yaitu lempeng Eurasia, lempeng Indo-Australia, lempeng Filipina, dan Samudera Pasifik. PergerIndonesia terletak pada pertemuan empat lempeng tektonik, yaitu lempeng Eurasia, lempeng Indo-Australia, lempeng Filipina, dan Samudera Pasifik. Pergerakan relatif dari lempeng tektonik tersebut menimbulkan terjadinya gempa bumi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran spasial lokasi gempa di sekitar observasi yang tidak diketahui dengan metode Ordinary Kriging (OK) melalui semivariogram anisotropik. Data gempa bumi diperoleh dari website IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions For Seismology), yang pernah terjadi di wilayah Indonesia yaitu di Laut Banda, pada tanggal 31 Januari 2008. Dengan asumsi stasioner, proses pencocokan digunakan dengan model semivariogram Eksponensial. Hasil analisis Ordinary Kriging (OK) melalui semivariogram anisotropik dalam tiga dimensi dari potensi kekuatan gempa bumi diperoleh gambaran spasial bahwa setiap hasil estimasi dipengaruhi perubahan arah dan data observasi di sekitarnya dengan arah sudut  dan . Jika lokasi yang akan diestimasi berada di sekitar data observasi dengan rataan cukup besar, maka hasil estimasi akan mendekati nilai data observasi sebaliknya, jika lokasi yang akan diestimasi berada jauh dari data observasi dengan rataan cukup besar maupun kecil, maka hasil estimasi akan berbeda jauh dengan nilai data observasi.akan relatif dari lempeng tektonik tersebut menimbulkan terjadinya gempa bumi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran spasial lokasi gempa di sekitar observasi yang tidak diketahui dengan metode Ordinary Kriging (OK) melalui semivariogram anisotropik. Data gempa bumi diperoleh dari website IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions For Seismology), yang pernah terjadi di wilayah Indonesia yaitu di Laut Banda, pada tanggal 31 Januari 2008. Dengan asumsi stasioner, proses pencocokan digunakan dengan model semivariogram Eksponensial. Hasil analisis Ordinary Kriging (OK) melalui semivariogram anisotropik dalam tiga dimensi dari potensi kekuatan gempa bumi diperoleh gambaran spasial bahwa setiap hasil estimasi dipengaruhi perubahan arah dan data observasi di sekitarnya dengan arah sudut  dan . Jika lokasi yang akan diestimasi berada di sekitar data observasi dengan rataan cukup besar, maka hasil estimasi akan mendekati nilai data observasi sebaliknya, jika lokasi yang akan diestimasi berada jauh dari data observasi dengan rataan cukup besar maupun kecil, maka hasil estimasi akan berbeda jauh dengan nilai data observasi.
Stabilisasi Umpan Balik Output Semi-Global dari Sistem Nonlinear Berfase Non-Minimum
Authors: Ansar Ansar , Naiborhu Janson
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini membahas masalah  output feedback  dari kelas nonlinear dengan meng• gunakan Extended  Kalman Filter - Extended  High Gain Observer (EKF-EHGO). Dengan menggunakan kontrol output  feedback  yang memenuhi input state  sta• bility  (ISS),   ketidakstabilan   dinamik  internal   dapat   diubah  menjadi  stabil semi-global   di titik  asal.    Karena  output   pada  sistem   yang  berbentuk   nor• mal  tidak  bisa diukur,  output  tersebut  akan diestimasi  dengan menggunakan EKF-EHGO.   Solusi  masalah  ini diilustrasikan dengan contoh
Pengembangan Sistem Pertanian Hidroponik pada Lahan Sempit Komplek Perumahan
Authors: Lestari A P , Riduan A , Elliyanti  , Martino D
Published: December 2020

Pembuatan piranti hidroponik dilakukan dengan membuat besi penyangga perangkat hidroponik, membuat sistem perairan untuk gully-gully hidroponik, dan langkah terakhir adalah membuat gully hidroponik. Selanjutnya, melakukan penyemaian tanaman. Jika tanaman smeai telah setinggi 5 cm, maka segera pindahkan dalam pot abu sekam. Tiap harinya dilakukan pemeliharaan dengan mengontrol kondisi air dan juga nutrisinya. Dalam waktu 1 hingga 1,5 bulan makan tanaman sudha dapat dipanen. Pola tanam hidroponik ini dapat menghasilkan makanan sehat dan segar tiap harinya. Artinya, pengembangan pola tanaman hidroponik di lahan sempit tentu saja sangat efisien dalam mengatasi berbagai persoalan di kehidupan kota, diantaranya dapat mengurangi polusi udara, menambah penghasilan rumah tangga, dan juga memiliki peran sebagai ketahanan pangan dalam keluarga.
Evaluasi Bangunan 41 Lantai Tahan Gempa dengan Analisis Dinamik Spektrum Respons Ragam
Authors: Mansyur Mansyur
Published: December 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki intensitas gempa yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dalam perencanaan struktur bangunan perlu adanya studi yang lebih mendalam tentang analisis dan perencanaan struktur tahan gempa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil analisis bangunan 41 lantai yang ditinjau di 4 kota Indonesia berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2012 dengan program komputer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian berbasis komputer, dimana bangunan 41 lantai untuk analisis dinamik spektrum respons ragam. Studi kasus bangunan dilakukan pada empat kota di Indonesia yakni Aceh, Kolaka, Yogyakarta, dan Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada peninjauan bangunan dengan analisis dinamik ragam respons spektrum, nilai base shear dan displacement tidak begitu berpengaruh pada besarnya intensitas gempa jika dijadikan perbandingan dengan kota lain akibat lebih besarnya beban lain dibandingkan beban gempa.
Taxa of Heteroptera described by Izyaslav M. Kerzhner
Authors: Gapon D.A. , Konstantinov F.V.
Published: December 2020

Izyaslav Moiseyevich Kerzhner, a world distinguished specialist on the taxonomy of Heteroptera described 33 genera, 10 subgenera, 358 species and 29 subspecies. A complete list of taxa described by him is provided in alphabetical order. Current position of all taxa is indicated if different from the original combination. References to the papers by I.M. Kerzhner are given as a number (in square brackets) corresponding to the appended list of his printing works published in the present issue of Zoosystematica Rossica (Gapon D.A. Publications by Izyaslav M. Kerzhner).
Structural analysis of Fe-Al coatings applied by gas detonation spraying
Authors: Chrostek Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Praca dotyczy analizy tworzenia się faz tlenkowych w strukturze intermetalicznych powłok FeAl w warunkach natryskiwania gazodetonacyjnego (GDS). Określono właściwości strukturalne materiału wsadu proszkowego oraz powłoki Fe-Al formowanej in-situ w procesie GDS. Przeanalizowano skutki procesu GDS na zmiany fazowe powłoki FeAl natryskanej w kontrolowanych warunkach GDS. Uzyskane wyniki wykazują, że przy określonych parametrach procesu GDS cząstki proszku FeAl poddawane są silnemu utlenianiu w gorącym strumieniu gazowych produktów spalania detonacyjnego z przepływem naddźwiękowym. Skutkuje to tworzeniem się wielofazowej struktury powłoki z udziałem faz tlenkowych formowanych po granicach ziaren w postaci cienkich błonek, wskutek bardzo silnego odkształcenia plastycznego cząstek proszku formujących powłokę.

Uzyskane wyniki badań strukturalnych, mikroanalizy składu chemicznego SEM/EDS oraz składu fazowego XRD, wykazały, że bardzo silnie nagrzane cząstki FeAl w warunkach GDS, ulegają powierzchniowo silnemu utlenieniu, przekształcając się w ziarna w formie splatów, po zderzaniu z materiałem stalowego podłoża. W rezultacie, tworzy się warstwowa, wielofazowa struktura powłoki na osnowie fazy FeAl dziedziczonej z materiału proszkowego z udziałem cienkich warstw tlenkowych, głównie Al2O3.
Impact de la Covid-19 sur les arrêts cardiaques extrahospitaliers en phase de suractivité épidémique : données du registre RéAC
Authors: Gueugniaud P.-Y. , Baert V. , Hugenschmitt D. , Hubert H. , Tazarourte K.
Published: December 2020

Introduction : Notre objectif était d’analyser la survie des patients victimes d’un arrêt cardiaque extrahospitalier (ACEH) durant la pandémie Covid-19 et de comparer les données en fonction du centre de traitement de l’appel choisi, le 15 ou le 18.

Méthode : Nous avons extrait les données exhaustives du Registre des arrêts cardiaques (RéAC), entre le 1er mars et le 30 avril 2020. Nous avons effectué trois comparaisons de la survie à 30 jours (J30) de cohortes de patients : 1) Covid vs non-Covid ; 2) appels arrivés au service d’aide médicale urgente (Samu) (15) vs aux sapeurs-pompiers (SP) (18) et 3) appels arrivés au 15 vs 18 pour les patients Covid.

Résultats : Sur un total de 870 ACEH, 184 étaient atteints de la Covid. Nous avons observé 487 (56 %) appels arrivés au 15 et 383 (44 %) au 18. La survie à J30 était de 3 %. Les ACEH Covid avaient une survie à J30 plus faible que les non-Covid (0 vs 4 %, p < 0,001). Le délai d’arrivée de SP était plus long lors d’un appel au 15. En revanche, aucune différence de survie n’est observée entre les appels arrivés au 15 ou au 18.

Conclusion : La survie consécutive à un ACEH durant la pandémie est extrêmement faible. Cependant, quel que soit le numéro composé (15 ou 18), la survie n’est pas différente, même si le délai d’arrivée des prompts secours est plus court lors d’un appel au 18.
Artificial intelligence for automatic cerebral ventricle segmentation and volume calculation: a clinical tool for the evaluation of pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Quon Jennifer L. , Han Michelle , Kim Lily H. , Koran Mary Ellen , Chen Leo C. , Lee Edward H. , Wright Jason , Ramaswamy Vijay , Lober Robert M. , Taylor Michael D. , Grant Gerald A. , Cheshier Samuel H. , Kestle John R. W. , Edwards Michael S. B. , Yeom Kristen W.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Imaging evaluation of the cerebral ventricles is important for clinical decision-making in pediatric hydrocephalus. Although quantitative measurements of ventricular size, over time, can facilitate objective comparison, automated tools for calculating ventricular volume are not structured for clinical use. The authors aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning (DL) model for pediatric cerebral ventricle segmentation and volume calculation for widespread clinical implementation across multiple hospitals.

METHODS

The study cohort consisted of 200 children with obstructive hydrocephalus from four pediatric hospitals, along with 199 controls. Manual ventricle segmentation and volume calculation values served as “ground truth” data. An encoder-decoder convolutional neural network architecture, in which T2-weighted MR images were used as input, automatically delineated the ventricles and output volumetric measurements. On a held-out test set, segmentation accuracy was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (0 to 1) and volume calculation was assessed using linear regression. Model generalizability was evaluated on an external MRI data set from a fifth hospital. The DL model performance was compared against FreeSurfer research segmentation software.

RESULTS

Model segmentation performed with an overall Dice score of 0.901 (0.946 in hydrocephalus, 0.856 in controls). The model generalized to external MR images from a fifth pediatric hospital with a Dice score of 0.926. The model was more accurate than FreeSurfer, with faster operating times (1.48 seconds per scan).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors present a DL model for automatic ventricle segmentation and volume calculation that is more accurate and rapid than currently available methods. With near-immediate volumetric output and reliable performance across institutional scanner types, this model can be adapted to the real-time clinical evaluation of hydrocephalus and improve clinician workflow.
5-ALA fluorescence for intraoperative visualization of spinal ependymal tumors and identification of unexpected residual tumor tissue: experience in 31 patients
Authors: Millesi Matthias , Kiesel Barbara , Mazanec Vanessa , Wadiura Lisa I. , Wöhrer Adelheid , Herta Johannes , Wolfsberger Stefan , Novak Klaus , Furtner Julia , Rössler Karl , Knosp Engelbert , Widhalm Georg
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Gross-total resection (GTR) is the treatment of choice in the majority of patients suffering from spinal ependymal tumors. In such tumors, the extent of resection (EOR) is considered the key factor for tumor recurrence and thus patient prognosis. However, incomplete resection is not uncommon and leads to increased risk of tumor recurrence. One important cause of incomplete resection is insufficient intraoperative visualization of tumor tissue as well as residual tumor tissue. Therefore, the authors investigated the value of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced fluorescence in a series of spinal ependymal tumors for improved tumor visualization.

METHODS

Adult patients who underwent preoperative 5-ALA administration and surgery for a spinal ependymal tumor were included in this study. For each tumor, a conventional white-light microsurgical resection was performed. Additionally, the fluorescence status (strong, vague, or no fluorescence) and fluorescence homogeneity (homogenous or inhomogeneous) of the spinal ependymal tumors were evaluated during surgery using a modified neurosurgical microscope. In intramedullary tumor cases with assumed GTR, the resection cavity was investigated for potential residual fluorescing foci under white-light microscopy. In cases with residual fluorescing foci, these areas were safely resected and the corresponding samples were histopathologically screened for the presence of tumor tissue.

RESULTS

In total, 31 spinal ependymal tumors, including 27 intramedullary tumors and 4 intradural extramedullary tumors, were included in this study. Visible fluorescence was observed in the majority of spinal ependymal tumors (n = 25, 81%). Of those, strong fluorescence was noted in 23 of these cases (92%), whereas vague fluorescence was present in 2 cases (8%). In contrast, no fluorescence was observed in the remaining 6 tumors (19%). Most ependymal tumors demonstrated an inhomogeneous fluorescence effect (17 of 25 cases, 68%). After assumed GTR in intramedullary tumors (n = 15), unexpected residual fluorescing foci within the resection cavity could be detected in 5 tumors (33%). These residual fluorescing foci histopathologically corresponded to residual tumor tissue in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that 5-ALA fluorescence makes it possible to visualize the majority of spinal ependymal tumors during surgery. Unexpected residual tumor tissue could be detected with the assistance of 5-ALA fluorescence in approximately one-third of analyzed intramedullary tumors. Thus, 5-ALA fluorescence might be useful to increase the EOR, particularly in intramedullary ependymal tumors, in order to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
Radiological predictors of recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brooks Michael , Dower Ashraf , Abdul Jalil Muhammad Fahmi , Kohan Saeed
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Lumbar discectomy for the management of lumbar radiculopathy is a commonly performed procedure with generally excellent patient outcomes. However, recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) remains one of the most common complications of the procedure, often necessitating repeat surgery. rLDH is known to be influenced by a variety of factors, and in this systematic review the authors aimed to explore the radiological predictors of recurrence.

METHODS

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify studies analyzing radiological predictors of recurrent herniation, both ipsilateral and contralateral. A search was conducted on Medline and EMBASE. Both retrospective and prospective comparative studies were included, measuring radiological parameters of lumbar discectomy patients. All factors were considered irrespective of imaging modality, and a meta-analysis of the data was performed in which 5 or more studies were identified analyzing the same parameter.

RESULTS

In total, 1626 reported studies were screened, with 23 being included in this review, of which 13 were appropriate for meta-analysis. Three factors, namely disc height index, Modic changes, and sagittal range of motion, were determined to be significantly correlated with an increased rate of rLDH. Some variables were considered in only 1 or 2 different studies, and the authors have included a narrative review of these novel findings.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of associations between the radiological parameters and rLDH implicates the role of instability in the development of recurrence. Understanding the physiological factors associated with instability is important, because although early degenerative disc changes may predispose patients to herniation recurrence, more advanced degeneration likely reduces segmental motion and concurrently risk of recurrence.
The mediums of dissemination of knowledge and illustration in neurosurgery: unraveling the evolution
Authors: Raju Bharath , Jumah Fareed , Narayan Vinayak , Sonig Anika , Sun Hai , Nanda Anil
Published: December 2020

The earliest evidence of man’s attempts in communicating ideas and emotions can be seen on cave walls and ceilings from the prehistoric era. Ingenuity, as well as the development of tools, allowed clay tablets to become the preferred method of documentation, then papyrus and eventually the codex. As civilizations advanced to develop structured systems of writing, knowledge became a power available to only those who were literate. As the search to understand the intricacies of the human brain moved forward, so did the demand for teaching the next generation of physicians. The different methods of distributing information were forced to advance, lest the civilization falls behind. Here, the authors present a historical perspective on the evolution of the mediums of illustration and knowledge dissemination through the lens of neurosurgery. They highlight how the medium of choice transitioned from primitive clay pots to cutting-edge virtual reality technology, aiding in the propagation of medical literature from generation to generation across the centuries.
Neuropsychological assessments before and after awake surgery for incidental low-grade gliomas
Authors: Ng Sam , Herbet Guillaume , Lemaitre Anne-Laure , Cochereau Jérôme , Moritz-Gasser Sylvie , Duffau Hugues
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Early surgery in presumed asymptomatic patients with incidental low-grade glioma (ILGG) has been suggested to improve maximal resection rates and overall survival. However, no study has reported on the impact of such preventive treatment on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate neuropsychological outcomes in patients with ILGG who underwent preventive surgery.

METHODS

This was a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients with ILGG who underwent awake surgery and who had presurgical and 3-month postsurgical neuropsychological assessments. Data were normalized into z-scores and regrouped by cognitive domains. Clinicoradiological data, histomolecular profile, and differences in z-scores (Δz-scores) were analyzed.

RESULTS

Forty-seven patients were included (mean age 39.2 ± 11.3 years). Twenty-eight patients (59.6%) underwent supratotal or total resections. All patients were still alive after a mean follow-up of 33.0 ± 30.8 months. Forty-one patients (87.2%) had stable (n = 34, 72.3%) or improved (Δz-score > 1; n = 7, 14.9%) neurocognitive outcomes after surgery. Six patients (12.8%) presented a slight impairment (Δz-score < −1) in at least one cognitive domain. The mean presurgical and postsurgical z-scores were comparable except in the psychomotor speed and attention domain. A significant correlation between presurgical executive functioning and tumor volume was reported, whereas the extent of resection and histomolecular profile did not impact neuropsychological outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Early surgical treatment in presumed asymptomatic patients with ILGG was associated with stable or improved neuropsychological outcomes in 87.2% of patients at 3 months, with only mild cognitive decline observed in 6 patients. In return, supratotal or total resections were achieved in most patients, and all patients were still alive at the end of the follow-up.
Resolution of type I Chiari malformation and associated syringomyelia following intrathecal chemotherapy: case report
Authors: Wong Chia-En , Tsai Yi-Shan , Chen Jiann-Shiuh , Chen Yu-Ning , Lee Jung-Shun
Published: December 2020

Type I Chiari malformation (CM-I) consists of downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum and often requires surgical decompression if symptomatic. Spontaneous resolution of CM-I is rare. We present a case of resolved CM-I without surgery in a 6-year-old boy with B-cell lymphoma who was diagnosed with CM-I during lymphoma staging. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and brain MRI revealed negative CNS involvement but showed CM-I with tonsillar ectopia 19 mm below the foramen magnum. The patient underwent induction chemotherapy including 5 doses of intrathecal chemotherapy. Follow-up MRI demonstrated marked regression of CM-I to less than 6 mm in 3 months, and complete resolution of CM-I was observed in 2 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of resolved CM-I and syringomyelia following chemotherapy. In this case report, the authors summarize all of the clinical characteristics, the radiological appearance, and the potential causes of resolution based on a review of the literature and propose the mechanisms through which intrathecal chemotherapy contributed to the CM-I and syringomyelia resolution in the present case.
Primary treatment of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in children: a multicenter, retrospective series of 125 cases
Authors: Shimazaki Takahiro , Yamada Kei , Sato Kimiaki , Jimbo Kotaro , Nakamura Hidetomo , Goto Masafumi , Matsubara Tsunemasa , Mizokami Kenji , Iwahashi Shoji , Sasaki Takeharu , Shiba Naoto
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The primary treatment for atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary treatment for AARF and create an algorithm for primary treatment.

METHODS

The authors analyzed the data of 125 pediatric patients at four medical institutions from April 1989 to December 2018. The patients were reported to have neck pain, torticollis, and restricted neck range of motion and were diagnosed according to the Fielding classification as type I or II. As a primary treatment, 88 patients received neck collar fixation, and 28 of these patients did not show symptom relief and required Glisson traction. Thirty-seven patients were primarily treated with Glisson traction. In total, 65 patients, including neck collar treatment failure patients, underwent Glisson traction in hospitals.

RESULTS

The success rate of treatment was significantly higher in the Glisson traction group (97.3%) than in the neck collar fixation group (68.2%) (p = 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). In the neck collar effective group, Fielding type I was more predominant (p = 0.0002, Wilcoxon test) and the duration from onset to the first visit was shorter (p = 0.02, Wilcoxon test) than that in the neck collar ineffective group. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis with the above items, the authors generalized from the estimated formula: logit [p(success group by neck collar fixation group)|duration from onset to the first visit (x1), Fielding type (x2)] = 0.4(intercept) − 0.15x1 + 1.06x2, where x1 is the number of days and x2 = 1 (for Fielding type I) or −1 (for Fielding type II). In cases for which the score is a positive value, the neck collar should be chosen. Conversely, in cases for which the score is a negative value, Glisson traction should be the first choice.

CONCLUSIONS

According to this formula, in patients with Fielding type I AARF, neck collar fixation should be allowed only if the duration from onset is ≤ 10 days. In patients with Fielding type II, because the score would be a negative value, Glisson traction should be performed as the primary treatment.
Lumbar alignment and patient-reported outcomes after single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with and without local coronal imbalance
Authors: Pan Wei , Zhao Jia-li , Xu Jin , Zhang Ming , Fang Tao , Yan Jing , Wang Xin-hong , Zhou Quan
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative radiographic features of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with and without local coronal imbalance (LCI) and to investigate the surgical outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of DLS with LCI at the spondylolisthesis level. DLS with scoliotic disc wedging and/or lateral listhesis at the same involved segment, as well as LCI, constitutes a distinct subgroup. However, previous studies concerning surgical outcomes focused mainly on sagittal profiles. There is a paucity of valid data regarding lumbar coronal alignment and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after surgery in DLS with LCI.

METHODS

The authors reviewed consecutive patients who received TLIF for L4/5 DLS between 2009 and 2018. Patients were assigned to the LCI and non-LCI groups based on preoperative radiographs. Demographics, radiographic parameters related to both sagittal and coronal alignment, and PROs were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

There were 21 patients in the LCI and 80 in the non-LCI group. Compared with the non-LCI group, the LCI group was characterized by lower preoperative lumbar lordosis on sagittal alignment (38.3° vs 43.7°, p < 0.05), higher lumbar Cobb angle on coronal alignment (12.4° vs 5.1°, p < 0.05), and worse lumbar coronal balance (18.5 mm vs 6.8 mm, p < 0.05). After surgery, lumbar alignment in the sagittal and coronal planes was significantly improved in the LCI group, whereas no significant changes occurred in the non-LCI group. Scores on the preoperative Oswestry Disability Index and the visual analog scale for back pain and leg pain scores were significantly higher in the LCI group, whereas no differences were found between the 2 groups in the postoperative evaluation (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

DLS with LCI constitutes a distinct subgroup characterized by coronal malalignment and loss of whole lumbar lordosis, which may result in worse PROs. The TLIF procedure allows the reconstruction of the coronal and sagittal lumbar profile and achievement of satisfactory PROs.
Spinal pathologies and management strategies associated with cervical angina (pseudoangina): a systematic review
Authors: Brown Nolan J. , Shahrestani Shane , Lien Brian V. , Ransom Seth C. , Tafreshi Ali R. , Ransom Ryan Chase , Sahyouni Ronald
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Cervical angina, or pseudoangina pectoris, is a noncardiac syndrome of chest pain that often mimics angina pectoris but is a disease of the spine. Diagnosis of cervical angina can be difficult and is often overlooked, although once identified, it can be successfully managed through conservative therapies and/or a variety of surgical interventions. Ultimately, cervical angina is an important component of the list of differential diagnoses in noncardiac chest pain. In the present study, the authors report the first comprehensive systematic review of the range of cervical and thoracic pathologies associated with cervical angina, as well as the different treatment methods used to manage this condition.

METHODS

A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from database inception to April 29, 2020, to identify studies describing spinal pathologies related to cervical angina. The following Boolean search was performed: (“cervical” OR “thoracic”) AND (“angina” OR “chest pain”) AND (“herniation” OR “OPLL”). Variables extracted included patient demographics, cervical angina pain location, pathology and duration of symptoms, treatment and/or management method, and posttreatment pain relief.

RESULTS

Upon careful screening, 22 articles published between 1976 and 2020 met the study’s inclusion/exclusion criteria, including 5 case series, 12 case reports, and 5 retrospective cohort studies. These studies featured a total of 1100 patients, of which 95 met inclusion criteria (mean patient age 51.7 years, age range 24–86 years; 53.6% male). Collectively, symptom durations ranged from 1.5 days to 90 months. Cervical herniation (72.6%) accounted for the majority of cervical angina cases, and surgical interventions (84.4%) predominated over physical therapy (13.0%) and medical management strategies (9.1%). Every patient assessed at follow-up reported relief from symptoms related to cervical angina.

CONCLUSIONS

Cervical angina is a noncardiac syndrome of chest pain associated with a broad range of cervical and thoracic spinal pathologies, the most common of which is cervical disc herniation. Although difficult to diagnose, it can be successfully treated when identified through first-line conservative management or surgical interventions in refractory cases.
Correlation of vertebral trabecular attenuation in Hounsfield units and the upper instrumented vertebra with proximal junctional failure after surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar disease
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Chi , Zhang Xiaobo , Hu Fanqi , Hu Wenhao , Li Teng , Wang Yan , Zhang Xuesong
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate whether bone mineral density (BMD) measured in Hounsfield units (HUs) is correlated with proximal junctional failure (PJF).

METHODS

A retrospective study of 104 patients with adult degenerative lumbar disease was performed. All patients underwent posterior instrumented fusion of 4 or more segments and were followed up for at least 2 years. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of whether they had mechanical complications of PJF. Age, sex ratio, BMI, follow-up time, upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra, and vertebral body osteotomy were recorded. The spinopelvic parameters were measured on early postoperative radiographs. The HU value of L1 trabecular attenuation was measured on axial and sagittal CT scans. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference of continuous and categorical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to obtain attenuation thresholds. A Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the differences in PJF-free survival. Multivariate analysis via a Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors.

RESULTS

The HU value of L1 trabecular attenuation in the PJF group was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.001). The spinopelvic parameter L4–S1 lordosis was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.033). ROC curve analysis determined an optimal threshold of 89.25 HUs (sensitivity = 78.3%, specificity = 80.2%, area under the ROC curve = 0.799). PJF-free survival significantly decreased in patients with L1 attenuation ≤ 89.25 HUs (p < 0.001, log-rank test). When L1 trabecular attenuation was ≤ 89.25 HUs, PJF-free survival in patients with the UIV at L2 was the lowest, compared with patients with their UIV at the thoracolumbar junction or above (p = 0.028, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS

HUs could provide important information for surgeons to make a treatment plan to prevent PJF. L1 trabecular attenuation ≤ 89.25 HUs measured by spinal CT scanning could predict the incidence of PJF. Under this condition, the UIV at L2 significantly increases the incidence of PJF.
Inmigración y paisaje: la formación de colonias suizas en el Alto Paraná-Misiones-Argentina (1920-1939)
Authors: Zang Laura Mabel , Fantin María Alejandra
Published: December 2020

A partir de la conformación de un frente extractivo de recursos naturales y la posterior organización de colonias agrícolas, múltiples fueron las transformaciones paisajísticas que tuvo el territorio de el Alto Paraná-Misiones. El presente trabajo analiza el impacto de las distintas migraciones en general y la de los suizos en particular, en la organización del paisaje agrícola misionero. El marco temporal del que partimos involucra el fin de lo que se conoció como frente extractivo, hasta los años inmediatamente posteriores a la reglamentación del cultivo de yerba mate en el año 1935. Dentro de este marco, dos fueron los momentos claves para el arribo de suizos: durante la década de 1920, y entre 1935 y 1939. La transición de la explotación a la implantación de yerbales silvestres fue un proceso de suma importancia no sólo para la configuración del paisaje misionero, sino también para la consolidación del poblamiento del espacio con inmigrantes europeos. La metodología empleada en este estudio es esencialmente cualitativa, pues analiza entrevistas y documentos ―cartas, memorias y relatos de viaje― producidos por los protagonistas del fenómeno migratorio o sus descendientes. Organizado en secciones, el artículo busca analizar las huellas dejadas en el paisaje por los inmigrantes suizos que arribaron durante la primera mitad del siglo XX al Territorio Nacional de Misiones.
Исследование случаев «аномального» затухания ультразвуковых колебаний в заготовках из никелевых жаропрочных сплавов
Authors: Далин М.А. , Чертищев В.Ю. , Краснов И.С. , Раевских А.Н.
Published: December 2020

An ultrasonic non-destructive testing has found out a new phenomenon in several stamped forgings made from heat-resistant nickel alloys (Ni-superalloys) of two grades: local attenuation of the bottom echo signal amplitude, when the workpiece surface had large (over 20 mm) randomly located zones with significant (up to 1.5%) fluctuations of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave propagation velocity. On top of that, there were no various grain sizes or coarse-grained structures that usually lead to a an increase of a rate of ultrasonic attenuation in such alloys, and which triggers off a bottom echo signal amplitude attenuation. The Article states the studies carried out to explain the tangible reasons of the detected macroinhomogeneity of the velocity, and how it associated with a bottom signal amplitude attenuation.
Mechanical Properties of Metal Coating Layers after Laser Heat
Authors: Olah Arthur
Published: December 2020

The goal of this research is to study the influence of the laser heat treatment on wearing resistance of metal coating layers. Results reveal the influence of microstructures and chemical composition of used electrodes on microhardness and wear resistance of metal coating layers. Laser heat treatment was applied after coating. Evaluation of results was made by observing the microstructures with metallographic microscopy, SEM/EDX and the mechanical properties were obtained by microhardness and wear resistance.
PERAN LEMBAGA WILAYATUL HISBAH DALAM SISTEM PEREKONOMIAN ISLAM
Authors: Hamid Abdul
Published: December 2020

To control / supervise the implementation of Islamic Shari'at in the field the Regional Government establishes a Wilayatul Hisbah (WH) body whose work procedures and authorities are regulated in the Decree of the Governor of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Number 01 of 2004. In applying certain aspects of sharia law. Therefore, improving the quality of human resources through the Islamic structural values approach is considered by many to be the right step, because it can control deviations and is also in accordance with the cultural values of the Acehnese people, which have historically been known with three features, namely, education , religion and customs.
EPISTIMOLOGI ILMU EKONOMI ISLAM ANALISIS PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ILMU
Authors: Budiman Iskandar
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini focus pada epistimilogi ilmu ekonomi Islam yang ditelaah dengan menjadikan filsafat ilmu sebagai pisau analisis. Dari kajian didapatkan ilmu ekonomi sepatutnya ditelaah dengan menggunakan filsafat ilmu. Filsafat ilmu sebagai sebuah proses pengelaborasian tentang karakteristik disiplin ilmiah (scientific discipline ) dan bagaimana cara memperolehnya (epistimic), menjadi hal yang sangat mungkin sekali untuk dijadikan referensi dasar sebagai pengembangan ekonomi Islam