bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE PYROLYSIS KINETICS AND ENERGY CONTENT OF ACID WASHED RICE HUSK SAMPLE USING ISOCONVERSIONAL METHODS
Authors: Musa Jabiru , Sada Ibrahim , Salisu Ahmed , Lawal Abubakar
Published: March 2022

The rice husk was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis. The proximate analysis was determined by moisture, volatile and ash content as 15.48%, 57.28% and 15.35% respectively. Ultimate analysis was determined using the data obtained from proximate analysis to calculate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen percentage as 43.67%, 4.64%, 0.956% and 35.78% respectively. The rice husk pyrolysis was studied by TGA/DTG analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere at flow rate of 60mL/minute, heating from 20.00 oC to 1000.00 oC at three different heating rates: 10, 15 and 20 oC/minute. The devolatilization and decomposition pattern portray by TGA curve for all the samples were almost the same, however, different peak temperatures were shown by DTG curve differently for all the samples at different heating rates. The sample RHC ran at three different heating rates: 10, 15 and 20 oC/minute with peak temperatures of 260.85 oC, 318.14 oC and 358.57 oC respectively. While the acid modified samples RHL and RAA at the same heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 oC/minute with peak temperatures of 402.05 oC, 343.91 oC and 280.76 oC respectively for sample RHL. And 399.34 oC, 325.59 oC and 282.61 oC respectively for sample RAA. Three kinetic models were used in this research, which are known as model fit methods for kinetics. The models are Flynn Wall Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger Akahira Sunose (KAS) and Coats Redfern methods. The KAS and FWO methods were used for the determination of activation energy and C-R method for the reaction mechanisms
ADSORPTION STUDIES OF RHODAMINE B DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING ALKALINE MODIFIED BIOCHAR & NON MODIFIED BIOCHAR OBTAINED FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Authors: Ibrahim Imrana , Batagarawa Samaila B. , Salisu Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research is to use Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) prepared from the pyrolysis at 450 ⁰C for the removal of cationic dye (Rhodamine B) in aqueous solution. The effects of contact time and reaction temperature were studied in a batch setup. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy were used to characterize the modified Biochar and non modified Biochar in order to predict the morphological properties and structural modification respectively. It was found that initial dye concentration (10mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.3g) and contact time (100minutes) were found to give the highest removal of dye from the adsorbents. Subsequently, it was observed that an increase in the reaction parameters showed an increasing trend for the removal of dye. SEM analysis showed distinct morphology for the fresh and spent adsorbent which was linked to potential clogging resulting from uptake of pore sites by the dyes. The adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption equilibrium data obeys Langmuir adsorption Isotherm with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 20.30 mg/g and 20.23 mg/g and Pseudo Second Order kinetic model best described the experimental findings for the two adsorbents used in the study. Moreover, thermodynamic study reveals that the adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process
EFFECTS OF SEX AND GENOTYPE ON MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF RABBIT
Authors: Adamu J. , Yahaya A. , Joseph J. N. , Adam A. A. , Ogu I. E. , Raji A. O.
Published: March 2022

A total of one hundred (100) matured rabbit of 4 – 6 month of age comprising of New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch (DUT) breeds were used in the study. They comprised of forty nine (49) New Zealand White, thirteen (13) males and thirty six (36) females, Fifty one (51) Dutch breed comprising of twenty one (21) males and thirty (30) females. The experiment was conducted at the Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Borno State. Maiduguri. The management system used was intensive system and semi intensive system.  By housing them in a cage based on breed and sex. Each rabbit is housed in a cage measuring 33cm x 38cm x 45cm and the cages were tagged for easy identification, measurement and weighing. The cages were slightly raised above the ground for cross ventilation and to facilitate cleaning.Body weight was measured with a digital weighing scale in kilograms and the body measurements were measured using tailor tape calibrated in centimeters. The data measured are body weight (BW), body length (BL), nose to shoulder length (NSL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), ear length (EL), leg length (LL), tail length (TL) and height of the rabbit (HR). Results obtained showed that sex had no significant effect on all the morphometric data measured. Significant effect of genotypes on morphometric traits were observed  on NSL, HG, HW, EL and TL with their corresponding values of 10.83, 13.57, 13.37, 14.73, 10.95 in Dutch breed and corresponding values in
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FLOW THROUGH TRIANGULAR WEIRS WITH BOTTOM ORIFICES
Authors: Hamza Isah , Muhammad Muhammad Mujahid , Otun Johnson , Jen Terhile Thaddeus , Umar Zacchaeus Simpa
Published: March 2022

This study attempted to evaluate the performance capacity of Triangular weirs with bottom orifices by varying the crest angles, diameters and number of orifices. Forty- Eight (48) triangular weirs with bottom orifices with crest angles of degrees 450, 600, and 900 with varying orifice sizes of diameters 6.5 mm, 7.5 mm and 8.5 mm and the number of orifices ranging from one to five. The analysis of the results indicates that, the discharge (Q) increases with an increase in effective head above crest (Ha) while the discharge coefficients (Cd) are found increasing steadily as the number of orifices and diameter increases with a minimum and maximum Cd of 0.3128 and 1.7986 respectively while the hydraulic performance of the models increasing as the number of orifices increases with the best hydraulic performance of the weirs determined to be 1.7630 at the model of angle 900 with five orifices of diameter 8.5 mm
STUDIES ON SURFACE RADIO REFRACTIVITY OVER SOME SELECTED CITIES IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
Authors: Mmahi Nnenna Okoro , Akinbolati Akinsanmi , Ikechiamaka Florence  N. , Akpaneno Francis A. , Joseph Emmanuel , Ekundayo Kehinde R
Published: March 2022

This research investigated the variations of surface radio refractivity and its propagation effects on radio signal over the cities of Abuja and Ilorin, Nigeria. Six years (2015-2020) satellite data of Temperature, Pressure and Humidity both at the surface (12m) and at 100 m AGL, were used for the study. The data retrieved were used to determine the monthly, seasonal and annual surface radio refractivity values for the locations. Results show that the values of surface radio refractivity (Ns) in Abuja was slightly lower than Ilorin with average values of 335.62 and 351.07 N-Units obtained for the six years respectively. Average values of Ns, obtained during the dry season months in Abuja and Ilorin were 299.40 and 321.03(N-units) respectively while average values of 360.24 and 368.21 (N-units) were obtained during the wet season months in Abuja and Ilorin respectively. Higher values of Ns, were recorded generally during wet compared to the dry seasons’ months in all the years and study locations. The implication of this is higher attenuation of radio signal due to Ns during wet compared to the dry seasons’ months and as well as in Ilorin compared to Abuja. Correlation coefficients of -0.53, 0.98 and 0.53 were determined between (Ns) and; temperature, humidity and pressure respectively in Abuja while -0.30, 0.97 and 0.34 were determined between Ns and; temperature, humidity and pressure respectively in Ilorin. The overall findings of this work will be useful to radio engineers for the proper planning of reliable power budget over the study areas.
AFLATOXINS IN FOOD GRAINS: CONTAMINATION, DANGERS AND CONTROL
Authors: Abdullahi N. , Dandago M. A.
Published: March 2022

The most concern postharvest safety issue in food grains is aflatoxins production in contaminated stored grains. Consumption of aflatoxins contaminated grains can lead to complicated health issues that can lead to death. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites commonly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They were reported to disturb foetus development, causes changes in living cells, suppresses the immune system and causes many forms of cancers. Aflatoxin B1 was classified under group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Aflatoxins contamination affects food security and can hinder international trade due to the strict ban enforce by many nations. Contaminations were reported in raw and processed grains (including ready-to-eat), milk and meat of farm animals and human breastmilk and blood. Major causes of grains aflatoxins contamination are wrong harvesting time and method, improper drying, poor storage and processing and higher moisture in the grains. Literature was gathered through an online search on Google Scholar, attention was given to the articles published in the last 5 years. Causes of fungal contamination, aflatoxins production and their control measures were deliberated, possible means of mitigating aflatoxins contamination through consumption of food grains were also recommended
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AND TOLERANCE EFFICIENCY OF Spinacea oleracea L. UNDER HYDROPONIC Ni2+ STRESS CONDITION
Authors: Adulsalam S. , Dagari M. S. , Lami H. O. , Ugbenya N. o. , Yah M. K. , Abdulsalami H.
Published: March 2022

An indoor EDTA and HNO3 enriched environment was created by an injection system with timing and varying concentration control. Spinacea oleracea was selected hydroponic plant exposed to various doses of Ni2+ (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/L) as Na2EDTA at (0, 500 and 3000 mg/L) and (0,500 and 3000 mg/L) HNO3 in different combinations for 6 days with 10-hour-treatment each day. This study used modified Hoagland nutrient culture in a screen house to provide an ideal environment for comparing the efficiency of chelate-assisted and unchelated phytoextraction of Ni2+ by S. oleracea. Changes in morphological characteristics including leaf damage rate to evaluate morphological resistance to Ni2+ uptake and proline contents was observed. Changes in fresh biomass were significant (p < 0.05) with respect to addition of EDTA and HNO3 at different concentration to different concentrations of Ni2+ compared to unchelated treatments of same concentrations of Ni2+. The Ni2+ induced proline accumulation in shoots increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing Ni2+ concentrations.
VERIFICATION OF THE CONSISTENCY OF THE PROPOSED TRANSFORMATION OF GLOBAL GEOID METHOD ACCURACY FOR LOCAL GEOID MODEL OF NIGERIA DETERMINATION
Authors: Oduyebo O. F. , Ono M. N. , Eteje S. O.
Published: March 2022

The proposed transformation of the global geoid model method for the determination of the local geoid model of Nigeria has only been applied in part of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. To determine the consistency of the accuracy of the method for the intended purpose, there is a need to apply it in some other parts of the country. As a result, this study presents the verification of the consistency of the proposed transformation of global geoid method accuracy for local geoid model of Nigeria determination. DGNSS observations were carried out to obtain the coordinates of the used points. The processed global geographic coordinates were used with online software (GeoidEval) to obtain the EGM 08 geoid heights of the points. The global geographic coordinates, the global geoid heights of the points and the transformation parameters from WGS 84 to Minna datum were applied to obtain the transformed (local) geoid heights of the points using a Microsoft Excel program. The transformed geoid heights were compared with their corresponding geoid heights from the gravimetric-geometric local geoid model of the study area to obtain the model RMSE (accuracy). The obtained accuracy (2.0172 m) was compared with those of the gravimetric-geometric geoid model of the study area (0.675 m) and the transformation of global geoid heights when the method was applied in part of Abuja (0.0014 m). The comparison results showed the inconsistency of the accuracy of the proposed method. It is recommended that the method should not be applied for the intended purpose.
FITTING OF A TRANSFORMATION GEOID MODEL TO THE GRAVIMETRIC-GEOMETRIC GEOID MODEL OF BENIN CITY
Authors: Oduyebo O. F. , Ono M. N. , Eteje S. O.
Published: March 2022

The application of the transformation geoid model in Benin City has necessitated its fitting to the existing gravimetric-geometric geoid model of the study area. The transformation geoid model was determined using the Kotsakis (2008) model for the transformation of global geoid heights to local geoidal undulations. To obtain its accuracy, the root mean square error (RMSE) index was applied. The computed accuracy is 2.0172 m. To apply the determined geoid model in the study area, as well as improving on the computed accuracy, the model was fitted to the gravimetric-geometric geoid model of the study area. The fitting result shows that geoid heights can be computed using the determined geoid model with an accuracy of 1.1041 m in the study area.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FOUR-ROW-ANIMAL-DRAWN PRECISION MAIZE PLANTER
Authors: Ahmed K. , Mohammed U. S. , Saleh Aminu , Zakariyah A. , Abubakar I. , Ali H. K.
Published: March 2022

Crop planting is an indispensable farm operation to increase production through the proper facilitation of optimum plant population per area as well as reducing unnecessary competition among crops. The excessive inaccurate placement of seed at a required depth and intra - row distance, low field capacity and seed damage due to metering all envisage the need for a locally developed and cost effective multi-row animal drawn precision seed planter. This study focused on the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a four row animal drawn maize seed planter. The fabrication was carried out at the Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Workshop, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. The machine was evaluated in the experimental field of the department during the 2019 raining season. Three levels of planting speed ‘S’, three levels of hopper seed quantity ‘W’ and two levels of planting depth ‘D’ were assessed. The field experiment was designed in a 3×3×2 randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the effects of planting speed, seed quantity and planting depth were significant on the planting performance of the machine. The highest mean seed spacing, germination counts, field capacity and seed delivery rate of 23.50 cm, 88.5 %, 0.54 ha/hr and 20.7 kg/ha respectively were obtained. The developed planter has successfully eliminated the limitations associated with manual planting method, most locally developed planters, imported tractor drawn planters as well as increasing the field capacity of the planting operation.
TIME SERIES ARIMA MODEL FOR PREDICTING MONTHLY NET RADIATION
Authors: Agada I. O. , Eweh E. J. , Aondoakaa S. I.
Published: March 2022

Net radiation is not a climatic variable hence not observed. Tedious numerical computations have been shown to characterize the methods used in its determination using data on some climatic variables. This study aims at generating monthly synthetic net radiation data in Ibadan, Benue and Kano, Nigeria using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. This study performed Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) analysis in determining the parameters of the model while, the residual plots of Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Functions (PACF) and graphical plots of backward model predictions or estimates and their respective actual values were used in the model validation. The study reveals that, the first difference of monthly net radiation can be represented by ARIMA (2, 1, 2) for Ibadan and Kano, and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) for Benue. Further result showed that there is a significant and fairly strong positive correlation between the monthly actual and predicted net radiation values across stations (p < 0.05). Lastly, the residual plots of Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) for Benue, Ibadan and Kano were examined and it was observed that the residuals were within the confidence intervals. This affirms the fact that the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is of good fit.
EVALUATION OF RAINFALL TRENDS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF SAMARU, ZARIA
Authors: Garuba H. S. , Mukhtar M. K. , Ugama G. N. , Jamila A. , Aliyu M. K. , Yahaya G.
Published: March 2022

Rainfall is the major source of water for agricultural activities in Nigeria, but there has been a major variation due to climate change. This study is to assess the change in rainfall trend due the impact of climate change in Samaru, Zaria Kaduna State. Rainfall data from 1981 – 2018 (38 years) were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The data was analyzed using Excel and XL-Statistics to evaluate the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of monthly and annual rainfall and other statistical parameter. The study revealed that there is a significant change in the trend of annual rainfall as the highest rainfall was recorded in year 1994 with a value of   1487 mm and lowest rainfall in 1999 as 440 mm. The highest average monthly rainfall data is between July to September and a peak rainfall in August with an average value of 547 mm. This analysis provide useful information to farmers which can be used a basis for planning annual crop planting and also water resources planning such as in irrigation scheduling.
ASSESMENT FOR GOLD MINERALISATION POTENTIAL OVER ANKA SCHIST BELTS NW NIGERIA, USING AEROMAGNETIC DATA
Authors: Idris Augie Abdulrahaman , Adamu A. , Salako K. A. , Alkali A. , Narimi A. M. , Yahaya M. N. , Sani A. A.
Published: March 2022

High resolution aeromagnetic data combined with the geological settings of the study area were employed in delineating the structures that may host the gold mineral within the middle parts of Anka schist belts. These data were analysed, processed and interpreted using; reduction to magnetic equator (RTE), first and second vertical derivatives (FVD & SVD), geologic contact, analytic signal (AS), centre for exploration targeting (CET) and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques. RTE technique was applied to prevent North-South signal in the data from dominating the results, due to the area falls under the low latitude. FVD and SVD maps shows major NE trend of the structures within study area. CET map revealed the regions with linear structures (lineament) which were trending South-Eastern regions of the study area. Geologic contact map has highlighted high density of structural contacts combined with junctions and intersections of different structures found within the area. AS map enhanced the variation in the magnetisation of the magnetic sources and also indicates the boundaries of anomaly texture. These techniques have revealed the regions that may host gold mineralisation potential areas to be; northern parts of Bukkuyum, Anka, Maru, Sakaba, Mariga, southern part of Wasagu/Danko. Most of the structures (lineaments) found within areas were associated with the vein of the mineralisation potential which plays important role in determine a gold mineral. Results from these techniques also correlated
PERFORMANCE AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LOMAN BROWN HEN AS INFLUENCED BY Balsomina mamodica SUBSTITUTING LASOTA VACCINE IN SEMI-ARID ZONE OF NIGERIA
Authors: Nasir M. , Ashiru R. M , Khaleel A. G. , Zango M. H. , Sabo A. A. , Haladu S. , Madaki S. , Abdullahi A. Y. , Umar A. M. , Aliyu A. M. , Tamburawa M. S. , Sa'idu S. S. , Nasiru S.
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out at University Research Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, to evaluate the growth performance and hematological parameters of Loman Brown hen as influenced by inclusion levels of Balsomina mamodica substituting lasota vaccine in semi-arid zone of Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted into four treatment in a completely randomized design with fifty (50) birds per treatment. Treatment 1 was given lasota vaccine (NCDV) at first, third, seven and seventeen weeks respectively. Treatment 2 was given Garafuni 0.5g per litre for six days in the week whereas Treatment 3, 1.0g per litre and Treatment 4, 1.5g per litre of Garafuni for four and two days in the week respectively. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from five (5) birds from each treatment for hematological studies. The result shows that, intake and performance of Lohman Brown Hen administered Balsomina mamordica substituting Lasota vaccine at laying phase is shown in Table 1. The result indicated that no significant (P>0.05) difference was shown with respect to initial body weight (IBWT), final body weight (FBWT), weight gain (WT), average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and metabolic mass.T4 recorded the highest mean value (600.0) whereas animals in T2 (0.5g garahuni) had the least mean value (525.00). Data on haematological parameters of Loman brown hen are presented on Table 2. The result showed non- significant differences among the treatments means. Haemogloblins, packed cell. Highest mean
DETERMINATION OF AN UNKNOWN DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT IN A PARABOLIC INVERSE PROBLEM
Authors: Ibrahim K. G. , Abdullahi I. , Usman Sani , Bashir Sule
Published: March 2022

In this paper we studied the finite difference scheme for the solution of one dimensional parabolic inverse problem of finding the function  and the unknown positive coefficient . The Backward time centered space (BTCS) which is unconditionally stable is studied and its convergent is proved using application of discrete maximum principle. Error estimates for  and  is studied and to give clear overview of the methodology several model problems are solved numerically. According to the experimental numerical results and the concluding remark are presented
PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM CO-DIGESTION OF COW DUNG, CHICKEN DROPPING AND COW RUMEN WASTES
Authors: Abdulfatah Saratu , Musa Mu'azu , Dayyabu Ibrahim , Adamu I.
Published: March 2022

The increased use of fossil fuels for energy consumption has caused environmental problems both locally and globally. This study investigates the anaerobic digestion in the production of biogas, a renewable energy from the digestion and co-digestion of three different types of biodegradable wastes available in Katsina (cow dung, chicken droppings and cow rumen waste) as an alternative for fossil fuels for energy consumption. This was carried out using a 25 Litres capacity plastic keg, constructed to investigate the anaerobic digestion in generating biogas. The experiment was batch operated and the digester was charged with 10 kg of each waste was mixed with 10 kg (10L) of water and loaded into six different batch type biogas plants. Biogas production was measured for a period of 15 days and at an average temperature of 370C. The average biogas production from poultry droppings, cow dung, cow rumen wastes, mixture of cow dung/cow rumen wastes, cow dung/chicken droppings and cow rumen wastes/chicken droppings was found to be 210 cm3/kg, 160 cm3/kg, and 520 cm3/kg, 375cm3/kg, 470 cm3/kg, 390cm3/kg, respectively. During the digestion period, the volume of biogas production and the changes in pH indicate that the pH decreases as the retention period increases. The study recommends that biogas is not just a renewable energy source but also an appropriate way of managing waste, having potential to replace fossil fuel.
Analisa Ketahanan dan Stabilitas Bank Syariah yang Melakukan Merger
Authors: Nugroho Lucky , Utami Anita Dwi , Sukmadilaga Citra
Published: March 2022

Merger dari ketiga bank syariah yaitu Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), Bank BNI Syariah (BNIS), dan Bank BRI Syariah (BRIS), telah terjadi pada tanggal 01 Februari 2021. Bank hasil penggabungan tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pangsa pasar sehingga pangsa pasar perbankan syariah naik. Namun, tujuan merger ini bukan semata-mata meningkatkan daya saing. Oleh karenanya dengan aksi korporasi merger tersebut diharapkan dapat menciptakan Bank Syariah yang masuk ke dalam 10 Top Global menurut kapitalisasi serta menyediakan produk dan layanan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kualitas bank yang melakukan merger tersebut ditinjau dari aspek ketahanan dan stabilitas. Adapun unsur ketahanan direpresentasikan oleh Modal Inti yang direpresentasikan dengan Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) dan Non Performing Financing (NPF). Sedangkan stabilitas direpresentasikan dengan variabel Return on Aset (ROA), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), dan Cost Efficiency Ratio (CER). Metode yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dengan membandingkan aspek ketahanan dan stabilitas dari bank-bank yang melakukan merger tersebut dengan menggunakan bobot sesuai dengan ketentuan regulator. Periode pengamatan pada penelitian ini yaitu dari 2016 s.d 2020. Hasil dari penelitian adalah BSM memiliki ketahanan dan stabilitas yang paling baik. Sedangkan BNIS memiliki ketahanan dan stabilitas peringkat 2 setelah BSM. Selanjunya BRIS menduduki tempat terakhir dari segi aspek ketahanan dan stabilitas dalam bank syariah yang melakukan merger. Oleh karena itu seyogyanya BSM sebagai bank yang memiliki kinerja yang paling baik dan memiliki pengalaman paling lama dapat dijadikan pengelola utama dari bank hasil merger tersebut (Bank Syariah Indonesia). Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat dan juga bank hasil merger bahwa aksi korporasi tidak berherti setelah merger tetapi konsolidasi internal yang menerapkan azas keadilan sesuai dengan kontribusi dan pengalaman masing-masing bank tersebut patut untuk dipertimbangkan. Originalitas dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisa ketahanan dan stabilitas terhadap bank-bank yang melakukan merger.
Educational Mismatch and Income Inequality in Developing Countries
Authors: Tan Hao , Wang Xin
Published: March 2022

This study aims to evaluate the influence of educational mismatch on income inequality in developing countries. The research is conducted using secondary data from ten developing countries over a twenty-year period (2001–2020). Statistical analysis is performed on the dataset using Stata, where the main variable representing income inequality is the GINI coefficient, and educational mismatch is assessed using educational attainment, educational attainment of females, and educational expenditure. The fixed effect and robust standard error techniques are applied to address the association among the variables. The study's findings reveal that educational attainment and educational expenditure have a positive influence on the GINI coefficient, indicating that the two factors contribute to an educational mismatch in the developing country. On the other hand, the findings also reveal that the educational attainment of females has a negative effect on the GINI coefficient, indicating that a high level of educational attainment among females can help to improve the income equality of developing countries. The implications of the study are particularly relevant to the policymakers and governments of developing countries. They should take steps to increase the level of education among females to contribute to increased income equality levels in their country.
Investigation of the Role of Arabinoxylan on Dough Mixing Properties in Native and Model Wheat Dough Systems
Authors: Németh Renáta , Fekete-Papp Rebeka , Orosz Krisztina , Jaksics Edina , Juhászné Szentmiklóssy Marietta Klaudia , Török Kitti , Tömösközi Sándor
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work was to investigate and compare the effect of arabinoxylan (AX) addition and incorporation on the mixing properties of native and model doughs of different wheat types, to get more insight into the role of AXs in dough formation. In the experiments, flour samples of a wheat variety (normal starch type) and two wheat lines (waxy and high amylose) were used. Model doughs were composed by fractionating flours into starch and gluten followed by subsequent reconstitution according to their original gluten to starch ratio. AX isolate was dosed in 1% and 3% to the native and model doughs. Incorporation of AX was performed by reduction and re-oxidation of wheat dough with dithiothreitol (DTT) and KIO3, respectively. Model doughs behaved similarly to native doughs thus were found appropriate for the model experiments. In general, higher AX level resulted higher dough consistency in every dough system compared to the corresponding base dough, however, the extent of the growth was different. In case of assumed AX incorporation only small differences were found in the mixing properties compared to AX addition. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis, some minor but clear changes were observed in the protein subunit profile of AX containing doughs compared to base doughs, but no difference was identified between doughs made by AX addition and AX incorporation. However, the characterization of the gluten-AX interactions requires more detailed investigation, in which a pure gluten-starch-AX model system can offer a valuable, well-defined matrix.
Mikkel Mailand, Corporatism Since the Great Recession (Cheltenham/Northampton: E. Elgar, 2020)
Authors: Stefánsson Kolbeinn
Published: March 2022

I should begin by acknowledging that I am reviewing this book, not as an expert in this field but rather as someone with casual interest in the book‘s subject matter and a passing familiarity with the relevant literature.

This ambitious book reports the findings of a research project on how corporatism fared in the wake of the Great Recession. What is at stake is testing the proposition that corporatism has been weakened as states are on the same track, moving towards a neoliberal approach to policy making. To test the proposition the author focuses to three countries, i.e. Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands which the author claims are critical cases as the literature on corporatism indicates that these three countries have not gone down the neoliberal path to any significant extent. Thus, if the data show a weakening of corporatist arrangements in any of these three countries then we can be fairly certain that the same thing is happening elsewhere.
Kirsten Thisted and Ann-Sofie N. Gremaud (eds.), Denmark and The New North Atlantic: Narratives and Memories in a Former Empire (Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2020)
Authors: Binachon Martin
Published: March 2022

Denmark and The New North Atlantic – Narratives and Memories in a Former Empire presents a critical interdisciplinary study of a region marked by Danish imperialism and today affected by a renewed interest in the Arctic: the North Atlantic (i.e., coastal Norway, Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands).

Edited by Kirsten Thisted and Ann-Sofie Gremaud, this two-volume book investigates how geopolitical and climatic changes reshape power dynamics and relationships in the North Atlantic. Throughout the book, historians, ethnographers, culture and communication scholars, literary theorists, and art historians from universities in Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Denmark, and Norway interrogate past narratives, emerging discourses and current relations in the nations of the North Atlantic.
Geir Hønneland, International Politics in the Arctic: Contested Borders, Natural Resources, and Russian Foreign Policy (London/New York: IB Tauris, 2017)
Authors: Gricius Gabriella
Published: March 2022

Geir Hønneland’s International Politics in the Arctic: Contested Borders, Natural Resources, and Russian Foreign Policy acts not only as a primer for political scientists interested in how politics emerge and change in Russia’s Arctic, but also makes an important argument that Russia’s foreign policy has a Janus face. The book brings together a selected collection of Hønneland’s writing from 1998 – 2016 on the study of how Russia tackles its relations with the outside world in the Arctic. Rather than take a broad and distant approach to Russian politics, Hønneland brings in his own experiences as a translator in the Norwegian Coast Guard, interview transcripts, and on-the-ground stories that add color and personality to Russian politics.
Evaluation of the Result of Surgical Repair of Open Achilles Tendon Injuries by Pulling Down of The Proximal Tendon
Authors: Ahmed Samil Uddin , Hasan Md Habibul , Haque Md Ariful , Haque Md Enamul , Imam Zafar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In this series, we used five parameters according to the Juhana Leppilahti Modified scoring system to assess final outcome of surgical repair of open achilles tendon repair : the ability to stand on affected tiptoe unsupported, range of motion of affected side of the ankle, power of plantar flexion, calf muscle wasting.
Methods: The study was designed as a prospective experimental study conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and one private hospital of Rajshahi from January 2006 to December 2019. The study was carried out on 50 patients irrespective of age and sex. Pulling down the proximal tendon was the operative procedure. Follow-up was undertaken at the private chamber, the outpatient department and in the orthopedic ward.
Result: Among 50 patients, 38(76%) were male, and 12(24%) were female. The mean delay of repair was 6 hours 7 minutes, with a standard deviation ± 2.362 minutes. The mean age was 30.02 years with SD± 7.7. In our study, median level of cut was 3.0 cm proximal to the insertion of tendon Achilles and where the interquartile range was 2.5 to 3.5 cm. The mean follow-up period was six months with a standard deviation of 2.37. Common complications were superficial skin infection in four cases (37%), mild swelling in four cases (36%), ugly scar in two cases (18%), and wound gap in one case (9%). In our study, no major complications occurred, but minor complications like superficial skin infection and delayed wound healing were effectively dealt with an oral antibiotic with no long-term sequelae.  At 16 weeks of follow-up, among 50 patients, 90% (45) can stand on affected tip toes unsupported, around 4 cases (8%) cannot stand on tiptoes of affected foot can't support but able to stand on affected foot with unsupported. Around 2% (1 case) failed to stand on the affected foot without support due to severe infection and wound gap. The eventual outcomes were excellent in 28 cases (56%), good in 16 cases (32%), fair in 4 cases (8%), and poor in 2 cases (4%). In this study, satisfactory Result was obtained after immediate repair of acute open tendon Achilles tendon injury cases. According to Juhana Leppilahti Modified Score at 95% confidence interval, satisfactory outcome was 78.99% to 97.00%.
Conclusion: Early repair of open tendo Achilles injuries, complete or partial, provided an effective outcome, which was comparable with the Result described in others.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 15-23
Diversity of Toxic Chemical Substances Based on Viscera Report of Autopsy Samples Collected at Rajshahi Medical College in 2019 and 2020
Authors: Uddin Md Kafil , Uddin Gazi Md Nasir , Talukdar Sandwip , Raihan Mir Md , Saha Manasi , Shuvo Samaunnur
Published: March 2022

Objective: Investigation on autopsy samples is an urgent need to detect the presence of unwanted chemicals or toxins that could directly or indirectly cause death. This study was designed to analyze and explore the diversity of chemical substances that were found in the body of victims handled in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (DFMT) at Rajshahi Medical College (RMC) in 2019 and 2020.
Materials and Methods: The data were collected from the viscera report of the corresponding dead bodies submitted in DFMT at RMC for postmortem examination. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: The most prevalent toxic agent was organophosphorus compounds which are usually being used as pesticides worldwide. The next most frequently used chemical was aluminium phosphide, a well-known poison.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest producing and applying strict guidelines regarding supplying toxic chemical agents.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 43-47
Risk Factors and Outcome of Obstructed Labour: A Study in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Shahreen Homaira , Khatun Rokeya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Obstructed labour is one of the major causes of maternal mortality (8%) in Bangladesh. It is also responsible for high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity, if we can identify causes of obstructed labour, determine the outcome & complications in our country it may be helpful to find out the way to prevent this disease.  Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the risk factors as well as to assess the outcome of obstructed labour.
Methods: This study is a prospective observational study has been done in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during July 2016 to December 2018. Hundred patients who were admitted with obstructed labour during study period were included in this study. A detailed history included socio-demographic feature, obstetric history, features of obstruction, intrapartum events were recorded to detect risk factors. Condition of patients, mode of delivery, preoperative and postoperative complications, maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded.
Results: This study was one hundred (100) cases with features of obstructed labour were selected. The highest frequency was found among the unbooked, primigravid patients that were illiterate or only having primary education level. 84% in primi-gravidae and 10% in multi gravidae had come from medium socio-economic group and only 2% in case of primigravidae came from good economic classes. Revealed that 56% in primigravidae and 68% in multi gravidae of study population did not cross primary education level. the causative factors of obstructed labour, 46% in primigravidae and 42% multi gravidae cases were due to cephalopelvic disproportion with varying degrees of contracted pelvis, 52% in primigravidae and 58% multi gravidae cases caused by malpositions and malpresentations, 2% in primigravidae was due to cervical fibroid. The medical causes of obstructed labour in the study population were cephalopelvic disproportion 42-46%. One patient died due to post-partum hemorrhage among 10(10.0%) cases.
Conclusion: In this study the incidence of obstructed labour was very high. The commonest cause was cephalopelvic disproportion followed by fetal malpostion and malpresentation.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 80-89
Analisis Proses Bongkar Muat Oil Product Pada Kapal Tanker
Authors: Sartini Sri , Setiawati Marcelina Wahyu , Samarta Tomy Agus , Cahyono Asep
Published: March 2022

Muatan Oil Product termasuk ke dalam muatan berbahaya yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus dan kehati-hatian dalam penanganannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kegiatan muat bongkar oil product pada MT.Sharon guna mendapatkan praktik kegiatan muat bongkar yang aman dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan proses bongkar dan muat MT Sharon. Sementara itu teknik pengumpulan data didapatkan melalui penelitian lapangan field research dengan penggabungan metode observasi, dokumentasi, interview mendalam, dan studi Pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses muat dan bongkar di MT. Sharon dilaksanakan dengan prosedur yang teliti dan detail penuh kehati-hatian. Penanganan muatan telah mengacu Manual Book sesuai ISM Code sehingga risiko bahaya yang mengancam keselamatan jiwa dan kerusakan pada lingkungan maupun kapal dapat dihindari.
Prosedur Clearance In Dan Clearance Out Kapal Milik PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines
Authors: Bellin Fattah Bellin Fattah , Iswanto Iswanto , Astriawati Ningrum , Widyanto Handoyo
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prosedur clearance in dan clearance out  kapal milik PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data terbagi menjadi 4 bagian yaitu: metode observasi secara langsung di lapangan,) metode interview atau wawancara dengan kepala cabang beserta staf atau karyawan PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines (SPIL) Cabang Jakarta, metode documenter terkait dengan dokumen yang diperlukan pada saat proses clearance in dan clearance out kapal, metode studi pustaka yang berhubungan dengan prosedur clearance in dan clearance out  kapal. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa di dalam kegiatan clearance in dan clearance out  kapal pihak dinas luar PT. Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines diharuskan melakukan kegiatan tepat dan cepat. Prosedur sudah dilakukan dengan baik. Semua kegiatan sudah terorganisir untuk mengurangi kesalahan saat melakukan kegiatan clearance in dan clearance out  kapal tersebut.
THE EFFECT OF GYM BALL TECHNIQUE ON THE DECREASE OF THE LOWER FEET IN PRIMIGRAVIDA TRIMESTER III MOTHERS
Authors: Sulistiyaningsih Sri Hadi , Niamah Siti
Published: March 2022

A gym ball is a physical therapy ball that helps pregnant women in lowering the baby's head that can be used in various positions. One of the movements is by sitting on the ball and rocking to make a sense of comfort and help lower the baby's head using gravity while increasing the release of endorphins because the elasticity and curvature of the ball stimulate the receptors in the pelvis that are responsible for secreting endorphins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the gym ball technique on the lowering of the fetus in the third trimester of primigravida. This research is pre-experimental design research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 10 Primigravida TM III mothers, 34 weeks of gestation, which were taken using a total sampling technique. The analytical test used is the paired t-test. Based on the paired t-test statistical test, it was found that p-value = 0.000 with a significant value = 0.05 because p < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05) it can be concluded that there is an effect of the gym ball technique on the decrease in the lower part of the fetus in Mother Primigravida III Trimester. It is recommended that the gym ball technique be used as a good and safe exercise choice for pregnant women to improve physical health, reduce anxiety and help the process of lowering the fetal head.
Janus Magnetic Nanoplatform for Magnetically Targeted and Protein/Hyperthermia Combination Therapies of Breast Cancer
Authors: Zuo Shuting , Wang Jing , An Xianquan , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2022

Protein therapeutics have been considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment due to their highly specific bioactivity and few side effects. Unfortunately, the low physiological stability and poor membrane permeability of most protein drugs greatly limit their clinical application. Furthermore, single-modality protein therapeutics show insufficient efficacy. To address these issues, Janus magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Janus MSNNPs) were developed to preload ribonuclease A (RNaseA) to simultaneously realize the magnetically enhanced delivery of protein drugs and magnetic hyperthermia-enhanced protein therapy. Janus MSNNPs showed a high RNaseA loading ability and pH-responsive drug release behavior. Furthermore, an external magnetic field could remarkably enhance the therapeutic effect of RNaseA-loaded Janus MSNNPs due to the improved intracellular internalization of RNaseA. Importantly, Janus MSNNPs possessed an outstanding magnetic hyperthermia conversion efficiency, which could generate hyperthermia under an alternating magnetic field, effectively supplementing protein therapy by a combined effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the high anticancer outcome and low side effects of this intriguing strategy for breast cancer based on Janus MSNNPs. Hence, Janus MSNNPs might be an effective and safe nanoplatform for magnetically combined protein therapy.
Biochemistry, Synthesis, and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose: A Review
Authors: Mishra Snehasish , Singh Puneet Kumar , Pattnaik Ritesh , Kumar Subrat , Ojha Sanjay Kumar , Srichandan Haragobinda , Parhi Pankaj Kumar , Jyothi Rajesh Kumar , Sarangi Prakash Kumar
Published: March 2022

The potential of cellulose nanocomposites in the new-generation super-performing nanomaterials is huge, primarily in medical and environment sectors, and secondarily in food, paper, and cosmetic sectors. Despite substantial illumination on the molecular aspects of cellulose synthesis, various process features, namely, cellular export of the nascent polysaccharide chain and arrangement of cellulose fibrils into a quasi-crystalline configuration, remain obscure. To unleash its full potential, current knowledge on nanocellulose dispersion and disintegration of the fibrillar network and the organic/polymer chemistry needs expansion. Bacterial cellulose biosynthesis mechanism for scaled-up production, namely, the kinetics, pathogenicity, production cost, and product quality/consistency remain poorly understood. The bottom-up bacterial cellulose synthesis approach makes it an interesting area for still wider and promising high-end applications, primarily due to the nanosynthesis mechanism involved and the purity of the cellulose. This study attempts to identify the knowledge gap and potential wider applications of bacterial cellulose and bacterial nanocellulose. This review also highlights the manufacture of bacterial cellulose through low-cost substrates, that is, mainly waste from brewing, agriculture, food, and sugar industries as well as textile, lignocellulosic biorefineries, and pulp mills.
Hyaluronic Acid Facilitates Angiogenesis of Endothelial Colony Forming Cell Combining With Mesenchymal Stem Cell via CD44/ MicroRNA-139-5p Pathway
Authors: Luo Yufang , Liang Fang , Wan Xinxing , Liu Shengping , Fu Lanfang , Mo Jiake , Meng Xubiao , Mo Zhaohui
Published: March 2022

Stem cells and progenitor cells have been identified as potential new therapeutic options for severe limb ischemia to induce angiogenesis, and hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly applied as a biomaterial in tissue engineering. However, the efficiency of HA combined with human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on angiogenesis is unclear. In the present study, we showed that HA promoted angiogenesis induced by MSCs-ECFCs in Matrigel plugs and promoted blood perfusion of murine ischemic muscles. Laser confocal microscopy revealed that human-derived cells grew into the host vasculature and formed connections, as shown by mouse-specific CD31+/human-specific CD31+ double staining. In vitro assays revealed that HA supported cell proliferation and migration, enhanced CD44 expression and reduced microRNA (miR)-139-5p expression. Further analysis revealed that miR-139-5p expression was negatively regulated by CD44 in ECFCs. Flow cytometry assays showed that HA increased CD31 positive cells proportion in MSC-ECFC and could be reversed by miR-139-5p mimics transfection. Moreover, the improvement of MSC-ECFC proliferation and migration induced by HA could be blocked by upregulation of miR-139-5p expression. In conclusion, HA facilitates angiogenesis of MSCs-ECFCs, and this positive effect be associated with activation of the CD44/miR-139-5p pathway, providing a promising strategy for improving severe limb ischemia.