bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune Response among Different Types of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Iraq
Authors:   Department of Biology, Madenat Al-Elem University College, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdul-Ghani Murtadha N
Published: April 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 vaccine have been indicated to successfully decrease the hazard for symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection furthermore associated hospitalisations. Objective: To study the immune response among different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods: This study includes 100 vaccinated individuals (43 Sinopharm, 30 AstraZeneca and 27 Pfizer) with one or two doses from different health centres in Baghdad. During the period from April 2021 to the end of May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and SARS-CoV-2 IgM levels were detected using AFIAS-6 device depending on FIA (Fluorescence Immunoassay) technique. Results: 93% of the cases were positive for IgG levels, and negative in 7% cases. Coronavirus IgM concentrations for all individuals were negative. The highest IgG mean level was seen in vaccinated persons with Pfizer than AstraZeneca (34.41, 26.29 respectively) and the lowest mean value was detected in Sinopharm (23.76). There was a significant elevation in IgG levels in the previously infected group in comparison with non-infected individuals. IgG levels decrease in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in older individuals compared to younger participants. Also, results reported that SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels increased in males who were vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca more than females, while there is a significant decrease in IgG levels in vaccinated males with Sinopharm as compared to females. Conclusion: Different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 produce different levels of IgG.
Incidence of Hepatitis B Infection among People with Renal Failure in Babylon Province
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq., Abed Ahmed S
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This study was performed in the Marjan Medical City/ hemodialysis Center of Babylon province, Iraq from 1 February 2020 to 1 February 2021. It aimed to investigate the incidence of the hepatitis B virus in people with renal failure. The study included some factors such as virus type, seasons, gender, age group, and blood groups. Methods: The reporting of all suspected HBV cases with renal failure in Marjan Medical City/ Haemodialysis Center in the Directorate General of Health (DGoH) of Babylon province/ Iraq from 1 February 2020 to 1 February 2021 were used in the current study.Results: The results of this study showed that the total infection incidence in renal failure samples reached (16.67%) of 48 diseased cases that were monitored by the artificial Kidney centre (hemodialysis) for people infected with the hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of this pattern was observed during the seasons of the year, where the infection incidence was higher in June and September, amounting to 61.11% and 36.39%, respectively, while males 17.42% recorded a higher incidence of infection than it is in females 15.45%. It was found that the infection rates varied. Among the different age groups (13-68 years), the highest infection rate was within the youth age group (11-20), (21-30), and (41-50) years old, which was 66.67%, 26.67%, and 25%, respectively. Conclusion: Subjects with HBV demonstrated that O+ and unidentified blood groups had confirmed instances of HBV contrast to other blood groups with 39.58 per cent and 29 per cent, respectively.
Sleep patterns, fatigue, and working hours among veterinary house officers: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Scharf Valery F. , McPhetridge Jourdan B. , Dickson Rachel
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

To describe the sleep patterns, working hours, and perceptions of fatigue among veterinary house officers and to identify potential areas for targeted intervention to improve well-being.

SAMPLE

303 house officers.

PROCEDURES

A 62-item questionnaire was generated by use of an online platform and sent to veterinary house officers at participating institutions via email. Responses were analyzed for trends and associations between variables of interest.

RESULTS

The mean age of respondents was 30 ± 3.7 years. Participants included 239 residents and 64 interns. House officers slept significantly less during times when they had clinical responsibilities compared to off-clinic time (6.0 hours vs 7.5 hours, respectively; P < 0.01). The majority of house officers reported working 11 to 13 hours on a typical weekday (58% [174/302]), and 32% reported clinical responsibilities 7 d/wk. Working hours were negatively related to sleep quantity (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.54; P < 0.01), and perceived sleep quality was worse when on call (P < 0.01). The majority of house officers felt that fatigue negatively interfered with their technical skills, clinical judgment, and ability to empathize to some extent in the previous 4 weeks.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Most house officers fail to obtain sufficient sleep for optimal cognitive function and physical and mental health. Working hours and on call may be important factors contributing to the sleep patterns of veterinary house officers, and training program structure should be critically evaluated to promote protected time for sleep.
Dorsally placed commercially available subpalpebral lavage systems have low complication rates in horses
Authors: Stewart Ruth M. , Lack Amy C. , Telle Mary R. , Ellis Jerald K. , Betbeze Caroline M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

To retrospectively evaluate the complication rate following dorsal placement of a commercially available 1-hole subpalpebral lavage system (SPL) at a veterinary teaching hospital.

ANIMALS

102 client-owned horses with ophthalmic disease.

PROCEDURES

Medical records of horses (2010 to 2020) with ophthalmic disease were reviewed to determine whether a commercially available SPL system was dorsally placed. Data collected from the medical record included signalment, presenting complaint(s), diagnosis, ophthalmic procedures performed, SPL laterality, hospital service that placed the SPL, anesthetic technique for placement (general anesthesia or sedation with local nerve blocks), duration of SPL management while hospitalized or at home, type of enclosure for the horse, use of eye protection, duration of time the SPL was in place, location of SPL management (home vs hospital), types and numbers of medications administered, recorded complications, and outcome of the globe. Complications experienced during treatment were categorized as either ocular or nonocular. The χ2 test for independence test and Fisher exact test were performed to examine the relationship between the department that placed the SPL, method of anesthesia, antimicrobial administration, type of facial protection used, and complication type and rate.

RESULTS

Overall complication rate for SPL systems was 29.1% (37/127), with 21.2% (27/127) being ocular complications and 7.9% (10/127) being nonocular complications. SPL complication rate was not affected by any variable that was examined.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Commercially available SPL systems placed dorsally have a low ocular complication rate. These SPL systems may be placed by veterinarians with varied training backgrounds and managed at home without significantly increasing complication rate.
Veterinary professionals’ weight-related communication when discussing an overweight or obese pet with a client
Authors: Sutherland Katja A. , Coe Jason B. , Janke Natasha , O’Sullivan Terri L. , Parr Jacqueline M.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Pet weight may be difficult for veterinary professionals to address with clients, particularly when pets are overweight or obese. The objective of this study was to characterize the communication processes and content of weight-related conversations occurring between veterinary professionals and clients.

SAMPLE

Audio-video recordings of 917 veterinarian-client-patient interactions involving a random sample of 60 veterinarians and a convenience sample of clients.

PROCEDURES

Companion animal veterinarians in southern Ontario, Canada, were randomly recruited, and interactions with their clients were audio-video recorded. Interactions were reviewed for mentions of weight, then further analyzed by means of a researcher-generated coding framework to provide a comprehensive assessment of communication specific to weight-related interactions.

RESULTS

463 of 917 (50.5%) veterinary-client-patient interactions contained an exchange involving the mention of a single patient’s (dog or cat) weight and were included in final analysis. Of the 463 interactions, 150 (32.4%) involved a discussion of obesity for a single patient. Of these, 43.3% (65/150) included a weight management recommendation from the veterinary team, and 28% (42/150) provided clients with a reason for pursuing weight management.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings illustrate opportunities to optimize obesity communication to improve the health and wellbeing of veterinary patients.
The phenotype of aging in the dog: how aging impacts the health and well-being of dogs and their caregivers
Authors: McKenzie Brennen A. , Chen Frances , LaCroix-Fralish Michael L.
Published: April 2022

Aging is the single most important cause of disease, disability, and death in adult dogs. Contrary to the common view of aging as a mysterious and inevitable natural event, it is more usefully understood as a set of complex but comprehensible biological processes that are highly conserved across species. Although the phenotypic expression of these processes is variable, there are consistent patterns both within and between species.

The purpose of this feature is to describe the patterns currently recognized in the physical and behavioral manifestations of aging in the dog and how these impact the health and welfare of companion dogs and their human caregivers. Important gaps in our knowledge of the canine aging phenotype will be identified, and current research efforts to better characterize aging in the dog will be discussed. This will help set the context for future efforts to develop clinical assessments and treatments to mitigate the negative impact of aging on dogs and humans.
Design and implementation of a safety algorithm on V2V routing protocol
Authors: Gadalla Ahmed Yasser , Mohammed Yehia Sayed , Galal Ahmed I. , El-Zorkany Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications have been widely employed to ameliorate a variety of transportation-related issues in cities, the most significant of which being traffic congestion. The inefficient utilization of resources in vehicle infrastructure is frequently the source of a great deal of traffic congestion. Furthermore, due to its high dynamic nature, incorporating traffic congestion into vehicular traffic decision-making is difficult. In this paper, V2V communications will be implemented as an intelligent transportation systems (ITS) safety mechanism solution to solve these traffic congestion problems. The proposed mechanism is applied over integration between AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) as one of the best topology-based routing protocols with one of geographic-based routing protocols to overcome OADV limitations. As AODV floods the network with control messages to find a path to the target, and the network is going to host a high volume of control packets. So the proposed method will use Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates to search the region where a path to the target is likely to be found. As this paper describes the efforts to create a hybrid model that combines a typical reactive routing protocol with a geographic one, there will be two steps to identify the proposed ITS network. In first Phase: Choose the most functioning Geographic routing protocol on the V2V simulation environment. In the second Phase: Integrate this suggested Geographic routing protocol with ADOV protocol to implement ITS architectures. The RIVERBED modulator and NS2 simulator will be utilized to choose the best routing protocol. Based on the paper’s key performance indicators simulation results, Distance-Vector-Based Recovery-Strategy (PBR-DV) geographic routing protocol is selected to integrate with AODV routing protocol. Comparing the proposed method with the independent use of AODV, it demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in overcoming all the problems related to resource scarcity and geographical obstacles.
The external auditors' policy after the COVID-19 pandemic and the accounting outlook in Tunisia
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia, Elaoud Assawer , Jarboui Anis
Published: April 2022

Research Question: The objective of this article is to help external auditors resume their activities and enhance their foresight strategy. Specifically, it aims to identify variables that contribute to improved auditors activities primarily post-COVID. Motivation: In light of the challenges presented by the coronavirus pandemic to the global economy, a number of specific lessons can be drawn from this situation. Idea: This research examines the audit mission strategy in which the focus is placed on the spirit and prospective reflection of external auditors. Data: This study uses a qualitative method for collecting information based on non-structured interviews. Tools: The method used in this research is based on cognitive mapping, which makes it possible to analyze the prospective strategies after the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, the cognitive map helps to clarify the mental orientation of a person and to visualize some ideas and beliefs on the achievement of their objectives. Findings: The obtained results showed that "digitization and Technology" are the most influential variables in the thinking of the external auditors as they represent the evolution during the COVID-19 period while "communication, the quality of audit social mission and the number of clients", which are the most dependent, represent the objectives to be achieved while the variables "teleworking, teleconference and E-learning" are the means to achieve these objectives. Contribution: This research could raise awareness of the positive outcomes of the COVID-19 era and develop a future work strategy.
Analysis of human capital’s accumulation strategic management in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: MINAEV Nikolai N. , ZHAROVA Ekaterina А.
Published: April 2022

Subject. This article discusses the problems of improving the quality of human capital.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the documents of regional strategic planning and identify their relationship with the amount of human capital.
Methods. For the study, we used comparison, grouping, and the graphical method.
Results. The article identifies and analyzes the approaches and methods used in the regions to solve problems related to the accumulation of human capital, as well as the relationship between the amount of human capital accumulated in the regions and the regional policy being implemented.
Conclusions. The analysis of regional policy shows its low efficiency in the context of managing the processes of human capital accumulation. The amount of accumulated human capital is not determined by the policies implemented in the regions.
Decision Making for Surgical Approaches to Resection of Benign Presacral Tumors in Adult Women: A Case Series
Authors: J Xiao , H Liao , JR Welch , T Koythong , X Guan
Published: April 2022

Abstract Study Objective: To explore decision making strategies for the surgical approach to resection of benign presacral tumors of different sizes and locations. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: An academic tertiary care university hospital in Guangzhou, China. Patients: Four adult female patients with benign presacral tumors who were admitted to our department for surgical treatment of benign presacral tumors between 2015 to 2020. Interventions: Minimally invasive surgical resection of presacral tumor. Measurements and Main Results: The incidence of benign presacral tumors is relatively low in adults and is much higher in women than in men. However, there is no standard surgical approach for resection of presacral tumors in women. We report 4 women in which benign presacral tumors were removed via a transvaginal, laparoscopic, and combined laparoscopic-vaginal approach. The surgeries were all carried out successfully, and each patient underwent appropriate post-operative follow up without tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Different approaches to the surgical resection of benign presacral tumors exist, and decision making strategies are necessary to determine the most appropriate intervention in various patients. The transvaginal approach is an uncommon but feasible and safe approach for such resection in adult females.
CHALLENGES IN EXECUTION OF COURT DECISION TO STRENGTHEN THE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT CHARISMA
Authors: Somantri Dikdik
Published: April 2022

Law No. 51 of 2009 concerning the Second Amendment to Law no. 5 of 1986 concerning the Administrative Court (Administrative Court Act) stipulates that there are two types of execution of administrative court decisions, namely automatic execution, and hierarchical execution. In hierarchical execution, legal awareness is needed from the government to carry out court decisions. Often the government is unable or unwilling to implement these decisions for various reasons. This paper uses the Legal-normative method, which is an approach based on legal materials by examining concepts, theories, legal principles and legislation, as well as literatures related to the object of writing. In this paper, it is found that there are decisions of administrative courts that cannot be implemented/executed (non executable) because of the poor quality of the decisions, and because of changes of circumstances. The challenges faced in establishing the administrative court's power and charisma by implementing its decisions according to the legal system theory approach are: 1.) the existence of floating and counterproductive norms, as well as non-executable decisions (sub-system of legal substance); 2.) the absence of officials specifically authorized to enforce implementation of court's decisions (sub-system of legal structure), and 3.) low public trust for the courts (sub-system of legal culture).
Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst in a child: A case report and critical review of the literature
Authors: Sayer Faisal T. , Alanezi Abdulrahman Khalaf , Zaidan Salem Nabil
Published: April 2022

Background:

Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are benign, congenital, fluid-filled collection between two layers of the arachnoid membrane accounting for about 1% of all the intracranial space occupying lesions. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography scan imaging (CT). However, these lesions can present as spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) causing neurological deficits that require neurosurgical intervention.

Case Description:

We report a case of CSDH associated with AC in a 14-year-old Kuwaiti boy who presented with a 2 weeks history of headache, which was worsening over the time. Brain CT scan demonstrated a left frontotemporal large CSDH in contact with an underlying temporal AC that appeared isodense to the CSF. The patient underwent an emergency surgery to evacuate the CSDH through a burr hole, while the AC was left intact. During the postoperative period, the patient showed good recovery in terms of neurological symptoms. Follow-up MRI showed stable size of the AC with no recurrence of the CSDH.

Conclusion:

Literature’s review was done to determine the best surgical approach in treating spontaneous CSDH associated with AC. Burr hole evacuation of CSDH with irrigation only, leaving the AC intact, is a successful surgical approach for treatment and was associated with good outcome.
Blast-related traumatic brain injury: Report of a severe case and review of the literature
Authors: Colamaria Antonio , Blagia Maria , Carbone Francesco , Fochi Nicola Pio
Published: April 2022

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-known brain dysfunction commonly encountered in activities such as military combat or collision sports. The etiopathology can vary depending on the context and bomb explosions are becoming increasingly common in war zones, urban terrorist attacks, and civilian criminal feuds. Blast-related TBI may cause the full severity range of neurotrauma, from a mild concussion to severe, penetrating injury. Recent classifications of the pathophysiological mechanisms comprise five factors that reflect the gravity of the experienced trauma and suggest to the clinician different pathways of injury and consequent pathology caused by the explosion.

Case Description:

In the present report, the authors describe a case of 26 years old presenting with blast-related severe TBI caused by the detonation of an explosive in an amusement arcade. Surgical decompression to control intracranial pressure and systemic antibiotic treatment to manage and prevent wound infections were the main options available in a civilian hospital.

Conclusion:

While numerous studies examined the burden of blast-related brain injuries on service members, few papers have tackled this problem in a civilian setting, where hospitals are not sufficiently equipped, and physicians lack the necessary training. The present case demonstrates the urgent need for evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic protocols in civilian hospitals that would improve the outcome of such patients.
Preoperative lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are useful predictors of 30-day postoperative complications after lumbar fusion
Authors: Osunronbi Temidayo , Borbas Balint , Lusta Hiba , Sofela Agbolahan , Sharma Himanshu
Published: April 2022

Background:

Lymphocyte percentage/count, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have shown prognostic significance in patients with cancer, stroke, and following cardiac surgery. However, the utility of these blood parameters for assessing the 30-day postoperative risk for lumbar fusion complications has not been established.

Methods:

In this single-center-single-surgeon retrospective series, 77 consecutive patients underwent one- or two-level lumbar fusion. Lymphocyte percentage/count, PLR, and NLR were investigated as predictors of 30-day postoperative complications.

Results:

Ten of 77 patients had postoperative complications. A unit increase in NLR and lymphocyte percentage was significantly associated with a 23% increase and 7% decrease, respectively, in the odds of a complication occurring. Preoperative NLR ≥ 2.32 and lymphocyte percentage ≤ 29.5% significantly discriminated between the “complication” and “no-complication” groups.

Conclusion:

Patients with a preoperative lymphocyte percentage of ≤29.5% and/or NLR ≥2.32 should be closely monitored as high-risk groups susceptible to 30-day postoperative complications after lumbar fusion.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis versus high grade glioma: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: French Heath , Fontes-Villalba Ariadna , Maharaj Monish , Naidoo Catherine Soo Yee , Bhatia Kartik , Paterson Amanda , Cook Raymond , Parratt John
Published: April 2022

Background:

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) share similar clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics with high grade glioma (HGG). This study develops an approach to navigating this diagnostic dilemma, with significant treatment implications as the management of both entities is drastically different.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 41 TDLs and 91 HGG with respect to demographics, presentation and classical MRI characteristics was performed. A diagnostic pathway was then developed to help diagnose TDLs based on whole neuraxis MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination.

Results:

The diagnosis of TDL is more likely than HGG in younger females who present with subacute or chronic symptoms. MRI characteristics favoring TDL over HGG include smaller size, open rim enhancement, little or no associated edema or mass effect and the presence of a T2 hypointense rim. MRI of the whole neuraxis for detection of other lesions typical of multiple sclerosis (MS), in combination with a lumbar puncture (LP) showing positive CSF-specific oligoclonal bands (OCB), was positive in 90% of the TDL cohort.

Conclusion:

The diagnostic pathway, proposed on the basis of specific clinicoradiological features, should be followed in patients with suspected TDL. If MRI demonstrates other lesions typical of MS and LP demonstrates positive CSF-specific OCBs, then patients should undergo a short course of IV steroids to look for clinical improvement. Patients, who continue to deteriorate, do not demonstrate other lesions on MRI or where the LP is negative for CSF-specific OCB, should be considered for biopsy if safe to do so. This pathway will give the patients the best chance at neurological preservation.
Ponte osteotomies increase risk of intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery
Authors: Harfouch Elamir Bachar , Bunyan Reem Fahd , Faraidy Mona Al , Alnemari Haitham H. , Bashir Shahid
Published: April 2022

Background:

Ponte osteotomies (PO) are commonly used in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgeries to improve the coronal and sagittal deformity correction. Here, we compared the incidence of perioperative neurologic complications for patients undergoing AIS with versus without PO.

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study of 80 consecutive AIS patients undergoing scoliosis correction, 40 underwent PO, while 40 did not. All operations were performed by one surgeon at one tertiary care center. Patients’ demographics, Lenke classifications, surgical data, and deformity characteristics were comparable in both groups. Perioperative neurologic complications, defined as spinal cord or nerve root injuries identified by the surgeon, were tracked for those undergoing AIS surgery with or without PO being performed.

Results:

The risk of IOM alerts was significantly higher in the PO patients (12.5%: 5 patients) versus those in the No-PO group (0%, P = 0.021). Despite these changes, no patient incurred an increased postoperative deficit. Nevertheless, PO group patients demonstrated a higher coronal deformity correction rate (PO: 71% ± 10.9 vs. NoPO: 64.2% ± 11.5, P = 0.008) and a greater kyphosis Cobb angle (PO: 25.2 ± 6 vs. No-PO: 17.5 ± 9.4, P = 0.0001) on postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:

While PO improved 3D correction of AIS, it increased the risk of IOM alerts in 12.5% of cases.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Pemberian Insentif Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Pada Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau
Authors: S. Gustina , Monalisa
Published: April 2022

Penilaian dan analisis kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui manfaat insentif pegawai pelaksana pelayanan di Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penilaian melalui 5 (lima) dimensi insentif yaitu: Kompleksitas Pekerjaan, Semangat kerja, Tanggungjawab, Prestasi Kerja dan pemberian insentif yang berpijak pada Peraturan.  Penilaian dan analisis kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui 5 (lima) dimensi kualitas pelayanan yaitu: dimensi bukti langsung (tangibles), dimensi kehandalan (reability), dimensi kepekaan/daya tanggap (responsiveness), Jaminan (assurance) dan dimensi kemampuan untuk memahami kebutuhan masyarakat (emphaty). Metodologi penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif analisisnya menggambarkan Pengaruh Pemberian insentif terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan pada Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau. Populasi yang dijadikan objek penelitian ini adalah seluruh aparatur pelaksana kegiatan pelayanan dan masyarakat yang berkunjung ke Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran angket atau kuisioner, pengumpulan literatur kepustakaan, melakukan observasi dan pengamatan langsung terhadap objek kajian, serta melakukan wawancara secara face to face dengan responden. Dari Hasil Penelitian diketahui bahwa pengaruh pemberian insentif terhadap kualitas pelayanan di Kantor Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau menurut analisis regresi linier sederhana adalah 0,737 atau 73,7 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,000 menunjukkan korelasi atau hubungan antara kebijakan pemberian insentif kepada pegawai terhadap kualitas pelayanan publik bernilai “kuat” dan positif.  Artinya, kebijakan pemberian insentif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh pegawai di Badan Pelayanan Perizinan Terpadu Provinsi Riau.
The significance of negativity of the target density in Frozen-Density Embedding Theory based simulations
Authors: Ricardi Niccolò , González-Espinoza Cristina Elizabeth , Wesołowski Tomasz Adam
Published: April 2022

The accuracy of any observable derived from multi-scale simulations based on Frozen- Density Embedding Theory (FDET) is affected by two inseparable factors: i) the nad approximation for the E xcT [ρ A , ρ B ] term in the FDET expression for the total energy and ii) the choice of the density ρ B (r) for which the FDET eigenvalue equation for the embedded wave-function is solved. If ρ B is locally larger than the exact density of the total system ρ AB , the difference ρ AB (r) − ρ B (r) (target density) cannot be obtained from FDET. For an arbitrary choice for ρ B , FDET provides only the upper bound of the exact energy. The relative significance of these two factors is investigated for four representative weakly bound intermolecular clusters and various choices for ρ B . It is shown that the violation of the non-negativity condition is the principal source of error in the FDET energy if ρ B is the density of the isolated environment, i.e., is generated without taking into account the interactions with the embedded species. Reduction of both the magnitude of the violation of the non-negativity condition and the error in the FDET energy can be pragmatically achieved by means of the explicit treatment of the electronic polarisation of the environment.
Site-Selective, Stereocontrolled Glycosylation Catalyzed by Bis-Thioureas
Authors: Li Qiuhan , Levi Samuel M. , Wagen Corin C. , Wendlandt Alison E. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: April 2022

The identification of general and efficient methods for the construction of oligosaccharides stands as one of the great challenges for the field of synthetic chemistry. Selective glycosylation of unprotected sugars and other polyhydroxylated nucleophiles is a particularly significant goal, requiring not only control over the stereochemistry of the forming bond but also differentiation between similarly reactive nucleophilic sites in stereochemically complex contexts. Chemists have generally relied on multi-step protecting-group strategies to achieve site control in glycosylations, but practical inefficiencies arise directly from the application of such approaches. We describe here a new strategy for small-molecule-catalyst-controlled, highly stereo- and site-selective glycosylations of unprotected or minimally protected mono- and disaccharides using precisely designed bis-thiourea small-molecule catalysts. Stereo- and site-selective galactosylations and mannosylations of a wide assortment of polyfunctional nucleophiles is thereby achieved. Kinetic and computational studies provide evidence that site selectivity arises from stabilizing C–H/π interactions between the catalyst and the nucleophile, analogous to those documented in sugar-binding proteins. This work demonstrates that highly selective glycosylation reactions can be achieved through control of stabilizing noncovalent interactions, a potentially general strategy for selective functionalization of carbohydrates.
Mechanism of Tubulin Oligomers and Single-Rings Disassembly Catastrophe
Authors: Shemesh Asaf , Ginsburg Avi , Dharan Raviv , Levi-Kalisman Yael , Ringel Israel , Raviv Uri
Published: April 2022

Cold tubulin dimers coexist with tubulin oligomers and single-rings. These structures are involved in microtubule assembly, however, their dynamics are poorly understood. Using state-of-the-art solution synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering we discovered a disassembly catastrophe (half-life of about 0.1 sec) of tubulin rings and oligomers upon dilution or addition of guanosine triphosphate. A slower disassembly (half-life of about 38 sec) was observed following a temperature increase. Our analysis showed that the assembly and disassembly processes were consistent with an isodesmic mechanism, involving a sequence of reversible reactions at which dimers were rapidly added/removed one at a time, terminated by a two orders-of-magnitude slower ring-closing/opening step. We revealed how assembly conditions varied the mass fraction of tubulin in each of the coexisting structures, the rate constants, and the standard Helmholtz free energies for closing a ring and for longitudinal dimer-dimer associations.
Pd-Au nanostructured electrocatalysts with tunable compositions for formic acid oxidation
Authors: Plaza-Mayoral Elena , Jordão Pereira Inês , Nicole Dalby Kim , Degn Jensen Kim , Chorkendorff Ib , Falsig Hanne , Sebastián-Pascual Paula , Escudero-Escribano María
Published: April 2022

The green transition requires new strategies to develop active and stable nanomaterials for energy conversion. We describe, for the first time, the preparation of Pd-Au bimetallic nanocatalysts using a surfactant-free electrodeposition method in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and test their electrocatalytic performance for the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). We use choline chloride plus urea DES to tune the composition of Pd and Au in the bimetallic nanostructures, as well as their morphology and active surface area. We measure the increase in the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the prepared Pd-Au bimetallic surfaces by Cu underpotential deposition (UPD). Our results indicate a surface area increase of 5 to 12-fold compared to Pd and PdAu extended polycrystalline electrodes. We observe that the higher activity of Pd-Au nanostructures is principally due to its increased active area. Our results also reveal that Pd-Au nanostructures with ca. 50% of Pd and Au display the best activity and stability in relation to the Pd mass loading proving the synergy between Pd and Au in the bimetallic catalyst. We highlight that an in-depth analysis of the ECSA, as well as surface and electronic structure effects in bimetallic nanostructures, are crucial aspects for the rationalization of their catalytic properties.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via I(I)/I(III) Catalysis
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Stünkel Timo , Daniliuc Constantin , Gilmour Ryan
Published: April 2022

The regio- and enantio-selective, intermolecular vicinal fluoroamination of α-trifluoromethyl styrenes has been achieved under the auspices of enantioselective I(I)/I(III) catalysis. Leveraging C2-symmetric resorcinol-based aryl iodide catalysts, it has been possible to intercept the transient iodonium intermediate using simple nitriles, which function as both the solvent and nucleophile. In situ Ritter reaction, via the ephemeral nitrilium species, provides direct access to the corresponding amides (>25 examples, up to 89% yield, e.r. 93:7). This main group catalysis paradigm inverts the intrinsic regioselectivity of the uncatalyzed process, thereby providing facile access to tertiary, benzylic stereocenters bearing both CF3 and F groups. Privileged phenethylamine pharmacophores can be generated in which there is complete local partial charge inversion (CF3δ-/Fδ- versus CH3δ+/Hδ+). Crystallographic analyses of representative β-fluoroamide products reveal conformations that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect, leading to highly preorganized modules for next generation drug discovery.
Induced-Fit Docking Enables Accurate Free Energy Perturbation Calculations in Homology Models
Authors: Xu Tianchuan , Zhu Kai , Beautrait Alexandre , Vendome Jeremie , Borrelli Kenneth , Abel Robert , Friesner Richard , Miller Edward
Published: April 2022

Homology models have been used for virtual screening and to understand the binding mode of a known active, however rare-ly have the models been shown to be of sufficient accuracy, comparable to crystal structures, to support free-energy perturba-tion (FEP) calculations. We demonstrate here that the use of an advanced induced-fit docking methodology reliably enables predictive FEP calculations on congeneric series across homology models ≥ 30% sequence identity. Further, we show that retrospective FEP calculations on a congeneric series of drug-like ligands is sufficient to discriminate between predicted binding modes. Results are presented for a total of 29 homology models for 14 protein targets, showing FEP results compa-rable to those obtained using experimentally determined crystal structures for 86% of homology models with template struc-ture sequence identities ranging from 30% to 50%. Implications for the use and validation of homology models in drug dis-covery projects are discussed, including the use of AlphaFold2 de novo structures.
Obstetric and gynecological history and arterial stiffness in women of different age groups
Authors: Ivanova Olga S. , Maychuk Elena Yu. , Yureneva Svetlana V. , Voevodina Irina V.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study the correlation between the features of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis with indicators of arterial stiffness in women of different age groups to assess additional risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Materials and methods. The single centre study involved women aged 18 to 65 years. The surveyed 161 women were divided into three groups: 1st group 52 young women from 18 to 30 years old; 2nd group 54 women from 31 years old to the onset of menopause; 3rd group 55 postmenopausal women. The 1 and 2nd groups included women with preserved reproductive function. All women underwent a questionnaire survey, clinical examination, determination of anthropometric data, measurement of cfPWV, determination of arterial stiffness by volume sphygmography, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with assessment of aortic stiffness and characteristics of the central pulse wave.
Results. In group 1, the early age of menarche was associated with an increase in the rate of morning rise in SBP (r=-0.46, p=0.002) and a decrease in SEVR (r=0.33, p=0.03); the use of combined oral contraceptives correlates with an increase in the Weissler coefficient PEP/ET (R=0.3, p=0.03) and amplification of pulse pressure PPA (R=0.29, p=0.04). A history of 1 or 2 pregnancies is associated with a decrease in arterial stiffness. At the same time, 3 or more pregnancies in the anamnesis create the prerequisites for the formation of arterial stiffness. The early onset of pregnancy pathologies, namely, starting from the 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy, is associated with a violation of the characteristics of the reflected wave at a young age and the formation of arterial stiffness in the menopausal period. History of abortions was associated with PWVao (R=0.45, p=0.002), ASI (R=0.43, p=0.002) in group 2. History of miscarriages is associated with SEVR (R=0.52, p=0.00005) and SEVR to HR75 (R=0.27, p=0.04) in the menopausal period.
Conclusion. Pathology of pregnancy, three or more pregnancies in history, early age of menarche, taking combined oral contraceptives, abortions and miscarriages in history are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness in the future, which predisposes women to the development of CVD and should be taken into account for preventive purposes.
Predictable benefits of folate-containing combined oral contraceptives after abortion in women: review
Authors: Maltseva Larisa I. , Garifullova Julia V.
Published: April 2022

Despite all prevention and education campaigns, the rate of unintended pregnancies is 40% of the more than 200 million pregnancies occurring worldwide. About half of them end in abortion. Women in the 2030 age group, where abortions peak, have not yet fulfilled their reproductive plans. The lack of competent post-abortion rehabilitation for women, including contraception counselling, results in one in three choosing a less effective method, and one in four not using any contraceptive methods at all. According to the The World Health Organization Guidelines for Safe Abortion, all women should use hormonal contraception after spontaneous or induced abortion. Combined oral contraceptives (OCs) with 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol in combination with drospirenone, which has strong antigonadotropic activity, can effectively suppress hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis excitability after abortion. OCs can be used to prevent neural tube defects in the case of pregnancy after withdrawal of OCs. The use of folate-containing OCs is a sensible means of folate supplementation in women of reproductive age that may guarantee a future healthy pregnancy and overall health.
Prophylactic efficacy of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in pregnant women during their stay in the family with SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective study
Authors: Sinchikhin Sergey P. , Stepanyan Lusine V. , Proskurina Elena V. , Nasri Onsi , Sinchikhina Ekaterina S.
Published: April 2022

Background. The high contagiousness and susceptibility of a pregnant woman's body to a new coronavirus infection requires study not only of etiopathogenesis, but also of developing methods to prevent the development of this disease.
Aim. To evaluate the preventive effectiveness of the use of a drug containing recombinant interferon alfa-2b (IFN-a2b) and an antioxidant complex in pregnant women during their stay in the family focus of a new coronavirus infection.
Materials and methods. 75 pregnant women were under observation, in whose family there were patients infected with the virus that causes a new coronavirus infection. Treatment of sick relatives was carried out at home, as the disease in them proceeded in an uncomplicated form. The main group was formed by 37 pregnant women who treated the nasal mucosa with a preparation containing recombinant IFN-a2b in the amount of 5000 IU and an antioxidant complex (alpha-tocopherol acetate, citric and benzoic acids). The comparison group was formed by 38 pregnant women who did not use any drugs for prophylactic purposes. All patients observed generally accepted rules of personal hygiene and behavior. The duration of prophylactic use of the indicated medicinal product depended on obtaining a negative result for the causative agent of a new coronavirus disease, an infected family member. A smear from the nasopharynx and oropharynx was examined to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR once every 57 days.
Results. COVID-19 vaccination did not exclude infection with the SARS-CoV-2. Preventive treatment of the nasal mucosa with an IFN-a2b containing drug reduced the risk of infection with this viral agent in vaccinated patients who were in household contact with a patient with COVID-19 by 6 times. Asymptomatic and mild course of a new coronavirus infection was observed in 3 (25%) and 7 (58.3%) patients of 12 infected women from the main group and in 8 (22.9%) and 18 (51.4%) patients of 35 infected women from the comparison group, respectively. Further local use of the drug containing recombinant IFN-a2b and an antioxidant complex contributed to a decrease in the duration of infection and the course of the disease. Progression of COVID-19 was observed in unvaccinated patients with concomitant somatic pathology (diabetes mellitus, iron deficiency anemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc.): 2 (16.7%) and 9 (25.7%) people in groups, respectively.
Conclusion. The use of recombinant IFN-a2b with an antioxidant complex in pregnant women with a family focus of new coronavirus infection is clinically appropriate and highly effective.
Abnormal uterine bleeding. Hemostatic therapy: hematologist point of view
Authors: Vinogradova Maria A.
Published: April 2022

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common pathology at the confluence of different specialties, mainly occurring in women of reproductive age. There are two main groups of AUB causes: the structural pathology of the female reproductive system and the functional changes, which include the pathology of the hemostatic system, among other things. Regardless of the severity of manifestations, for the efficacy of the treatment, it is important to establish the certain cause of AUB and to choose the precision therapeutic strategy. However, there are universal therapeutic approaches to provide the hemostatic effect, regardless of the etiology of the process. Fibrinolysis inhibitors, in particular, tranexamic acid, are the basis of this approach.
Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik Praktikum Akuntansi Perusahaan Manufaktur Berbasis Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) Di SMK
Authors: Saruati Nanik , Susilowibowo Joni
Published: April 2022

One component that cannot be separated in the learning process is teaching material. In general, the use of teaching materials by teachers and students to practice working on questions is the Student Activity Sheet. In the current curriculum, the 2013 curriculum students are required to be able to think critically and creatively in learning. In supporting learning systems that are in accordance with the curriculum, contextual teaching and learning based learning is implemented where students learn by connecting material with other things in real life. This study aims to develop teaching materials, namely Contextual Teaching and Learning based Student Activity Sheets on the accounting practicum subjects of manufacturing companies in Vocational Schools, and analyze the results of the feasibility of LKPD. The researcher chose the 4D development model from Thiagarajan, but this research was not carried out until the deployment stage, but only to the development stage. The subjects in this study were material experts from accounting education lecturers and teachers in vocational schools, Indonesian language lecturers and education technology lecturers. The subject is 3 experts namely material experts, graphic experts, and linguists who will assess the feasibility of LKPD. The validation results show the results of the material experts with a score of 88.5%, the validation of the linguist 98.7% and the validation of the graphic expert 86.5% so that an average score of 91.2% is obtained so that it can be concluded that the development of the Practicum Student Activity Sheet accounting manufacturing company class XII accounting in vocational schools is proper to be used as a support for teaching materials in the subjects concerned in the teaching and learning process.
Pengembangan Buku Interaktif Layanan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Berbasis Scientific Approach Di SMK
Authors: Retnosari Evi Ayu , Hakim Luqman
Published: April 2022

The developmet technology and information in education present various form of text books. Research as aimed to explain the development interactive book and effectiviness of the used of the book. The final results of this research are produces interative book based on scientific approach sharia financial institution services that can used by student. The research prosedure in the Four D model by Thiagarajan Semmel and Semmel. Which are performed in a complete maner with out excluding a single stage. The instrumens of data included open questionnaries and closes qustionnaries.  The results of the due diligence carried out by expert, explained with verry decent that the product can be used apllied as a source of learning in this subject. The trials was carried out in a limited manner with a sample of 20 students who cme from SMK Negeri 1 Lamongan XII class majoring in Islamic Banking giving very positive kriteri to the product being developed.