bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI (Studi pada Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya DIY)
Authors: Septianingsih Heny , Kirana Kusuma Chandra , Subiyanto Didik
Published: April 2021

The objective of the researcher is to examine the variables of transformational leadership, work discipline and organizational commitment to employee performance at the DIY Preservation Hall. The population in this study were employees of the DIY Conservation Center. Sampling using Slovin formula (Sugiyono, 2011: 87), sampling technique using stratified random sampling method with 75 respondents.Data analysis techniques using classical assumption testing: normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test. Hypothesis testing using the T test, F test, coefficient of determination R2, beta coefficient of standardization. The results showed that the Transformational Leadership variable had a significant positive effect on Employee Performance, Work Discipline had a significant positive effect on employee performance and the presence of organizational commitment had a significant positive effect on employee performance at the Conservation Center DIY.
PENGARUH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
Authors: Hendrawan Suryana
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing physical evidence on student decisions in choosing the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, either simultaneously or partially. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. This study uses multiple analysis tests to find the partial and simultaneous effect between the dependent and independent variables. The validity and reliability used in this study have met the requirements. The results of this study indicate that facility exterior, facility interior, and other tangibles factors influencing the decision to choose the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. The result also shows that Physical Evidence Variables are simultaneously influencing the student's decision to choose the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Seasonal Variation of Water Quality Parameters and Their Impact on Fish Biodiversity Indices of Hasadanga Beel: A Case Study
Authors: Sarkar Chandan , Saha Nimai Chandra
Published: April 2021

Fish diversity indices and their correlation with seasonal fluctuation of physicochemical parameters of Hasadanga beel was aimed to be studied. A three-year study on the relationship between the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters and fish biodiversity indices was conducted in Hasadanga Beel, a floodplain lake of Nadia district, West Bengal to measure the ecological health of the lake. Samples of water and fish species were collected at pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period from 2015-2017 to estimate physicochemical parameters of water and fish biodiversity indices i.e. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index, Margalef’s Species richness index, Pielou’s Species evenness index and Simpson’s index of dominance. Total of 34 different fish species belonging to 8 Orders were found during the study period which varies seasonally. Water temperature (20.0-31.4 °C), pH (7.70-8.75), dissolved oxygen (3.9-5.0 mg/l), Free CO2 (0.0-15.0 mg/l), total alkalinity (156-193 mg/l), hardness (113-145 mg/l), and BOD (1.03-1.94 mg/l) values varied significantly (p<0.05) between three seasons. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (Hꞌ) is ranged between 1.2911-1.3502, Margalef’s species richness index (D) is measured between 12.72-14.15, Pielou’s species evenness index (Jꞌ) is recorded between 0.8829-0.9140 and Simpson’s index of dominance (ID) is ranged between 0.05346-0.07139. Hꞌ has positive correlation with pH, alkalinity and hardness whereas negative correlation with temperature, free CO2, DO and BOD. D has positive correlation with pH, free CO2, DO and hardness whereas negative correlation with temperature, alkalinity and BOD. Jꞌ has positive correlation with temperature, pH, alkalinity and hardness and whereas negative correlation with free CO2, DO and BOD. ID has positive correlation with temperature, free CO2, DO and BOD whereas negative correlation with pH, alkalinity and hardness. The obtained result suggests that various water quality parameters specially temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are the key factors to regulate the fish biodiversity indices and should be taken into consideration for making policies for sustainable use of floodplain lakes.
Hydro chemical Assessment of Ground Water in North-Eastern Region of India: A Case Study of Western Suburb of Jorhat Town of Assam, India
Authors: Kalita Paran Jyoti , Gogoi Champa , Bhattacharyya Sausthov Maunash , Goswamee Rajib Lochan
Published: April 2021

In the current study, the quality of ground water (GW) from an area of western part of Jorhat district of Assam (India) was assessed in order to ensure the safety of its use in irrigation and drinking purposes. The physico-chemical parameters of the collected GW samples were evaluated and compared the data with the Indian Standards (IS) for drinking purposes. The investigation was mainly emphasised on the evaluation of Water Quality Index (WQI) and different parameters for the quality measurement of water for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Correlations among the physico-chemical parameters were evaluated through statistical analysis. The physico-chemical parameters revealed that almost all the parameters except iron were within the permissible limit. Arsenic was found to be present in few water samples in both seasons (pre and post monsoon). In both the seasons, the WQI of the majority of collected water samples were observed to be falling under the poor category for drinking. Almost all the collected water samples were found to be fit for irrigation purposes. However, based on sodium percentage (Na %), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and Magnesium ratio (MR), few of the water samples are classified to be doubtful and inappropriate for irrigation.
Sustainability at Border Villages of Punjab (India): A Critical Study on Initiatives and Practices
Authors: Bhatti Amandeep , Kapoor Dhriti , Bhardwaj Renu
Published: April 2021

The focus of this review is the sustainability of villages under the ‘Smart Village’ concept with special emphasis on the Border Villages, primarily that of the Punjab state. Based on various case studies, this article summarizes some of the major issues and challenges which these border villages face. What hindrances they have? Which rural development plans are implemented and how sustainable are their environments?The review is based on the implementation of ‘Smart Village’ concept in the villages worldwide, an effort to make them more sustainable.Fast progress and development of rural and urban communities is adversely affecting the environment on account of unsustainable technologies. Sustainability of ecosystem is the most important prerequisite of all development plans, be it the Smart City or Smart Village. The study aims to project different case studies taken up globally as well as locally under thisconcept.It reflects that border villages are in a state of neglect and need attention. It also aims to highlight various constraints and problems of the border villages along with certain trans-boundary environmental issues.Findings indicate that the various government plans/schemes launched at different times,are less effective due to lack of proper follow up.Theneed of the hour is to make a country wide comprehensive development plan to identify the actual issues. It must be in an integrated manner, primarilywithpeople’s participation to make the villages in the vicinity of international border environmentally smart and sustainable.
Rhizobium Leguminosarum: A Model Arsenic Resistant, Arsenite Oxidizing Bacterium Possessing Plant Growth Promoting Attributes
Authors: Laha Aritri , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Sengupta Sudip , Bhattacharyya Kallol , GuhaRoy Sanjoy
Published: April 2021

The threat of arsenic (As) pollution has become serious and leading to opt of low-cost microbial remediation strategies.Some bacteria have the ability to resist As. A group of rhizosphere bacteria have the ability to absorb arsenic. So these bacteria may be a good candidate for arsenic bioremediation from contaminated environment. Our present study of identifying suitable rhizobacterial strains led to the isolation of As-tolerant strains from arsenic pollutedrhizospheric soils of lentil in West Bengal, India.The isolated rhizobacterial strain LAR-7 had a high MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) towards arsenate (260 mM) and arsenite (27.5 mM) and transformed 39% of arenite to arsenate under laboratory condition. Further, the strain LAR-7 had enormous plant growth-promoting characteristics (PGP), as categorized by efficient ability to solubilize phosphate, siderophore production, production of indole acetic acid-like molecules, ACC deaminase production, and nodule formation under As stressed condition. Based on 16S rRNA homology the LAR-7 was identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum andemerged as the most potent strain for As decontamination and plant growth promoter under the stress environment of As.
Evaluation of Radon (222Rn) Distribution and its Implications vis-a-vis Water Quality of Killiyar River, Kerala, India
Authors: G R Anurani , R Lakshmi , Sabu Joseph , S Sukanya
Published: April 2021

The discharge of tropical rivers is mainly contributed by the baseflow from groundwater especially during summer. Hence, in order to sustain the environmental flow of rivers, the conservation of locations where groundwater discharges into river is a better option than conventional practices viz., redesigning river channel structure and flow regime. Radon (222Rn), a colourless, odourless, inert and natural radioactive noble gas (t1/2= 3.8 days), can be used as a proxy to trace the groundwater discharge location/s in the river course. As 222Rn readily dissolves in groundwater, its content in groundwater is relatively higher than surface water. We report here the activity of 222Rn in the river water at ten locations from upstream to downstream of Killiyar river – KR (n= 6th, L= 24 km, A= 102 km2), the main tributary of Karamana river, Kerala, India. Surface water samples (n=10) were collected during pre- and post-monsoon of 2017. The radon activity was performed by RAD7, an electronic radon detector (Durridge Company Inc., USA). The activity of radon varied from 157 to 4588 Bq/m3 in pre-monsoon and 147 to 1740 Bq/m3 in post-monsoon. The spatial variability of 222Rn activity is observed, and the anomalous high activity location/s indicates groundwater potential in that area. Further, the factors controlling spatial variation of radon were also discussed. Moreover, physico-chemical parameters of river water were also studied. And all the parameters were found to be within the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications for potable water (IS -10500: 2012). This is a case study of application of radon for prospecting groundwater potential zones in Killiyar river course, henceforth useful for the water resource management in this riverine environment and is first of its kind in the study region.
Patterns of Phenological Characteristics of Important Tree Species of Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Mittal Amit , Tewari Ashish , Singh Nandan , Sharma Somesh
Published: April 2021

Phenology is one of the simplest and most effective study to understanding the role of climate change in recent scenario. A number of biotic and abiotic drivers controlled the timing and duration of various phenophases in same or different species. Temperature, rainfall and photoperiod are key drivers which adversely affect the phenology of woody plant. The study sites were conductedat 413 and 2345m elevation in Nainital forest division of Kumaun Himalaya. The phenological study were carried out onShores robusta, Mallotus philippinensis, Pinus roxburghii, Myrica esculenta,Quercus leucotrichophora and Rhododendron arboreum. The phenological observations were made at 15 days interval for low activity period and weekly in the periods of high activity. Phenological records were made for four phenophases, viz., leafing, leaf drop, flowering and seed fall.The leaf fall in S. robusta started from March 2nd week and was complete by the end of April. In M. philippinensis the fruiting commenced from the beginning of December and seed fall was complete by the 3rd week of April. In M. esculenta male flowers appear from August end and flowering was complete by October end.In R. arboreum seed dispersal started from February end and all the capsules had opened by mid-March. It is apparent from the present study that the phenological events of species controlled/shifted due to climatic irregularities and temperaturerise and these phenomena showed worldwide. Microclimatic condition alsoresponsible for controlling/shifting the phenological patterns of same or different species.
Noise Descriptors For Kota Metropolis, Rajasthan (India)
Authors: Kuldeep Kuldeep , Sisodiya Sohil , Mathur Dr. Anil K.
Published: April 2021

The most common environmental concern in metropolitan cities worldwide is noise pollution. Kota metropolis (India) is also suffering from the problem of the increased noise level in the urban environment. Kota metropolis has been selected for the assessment of noise pollution. The main reasons behind the increasing level of noise in the city are increased population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, increased transportation facilities, urban development, construction and demolition works etc. The noise levels were recorded for day-time (6 am to 10 pm) as per Indian standard time for 96 days. Sixteen sampling points are made within the city depending upon the category of area/zone such as industrial, residential, silence and commercial. Six days were prescribed for each sampling location for noise level measurement. Noise descriptors such as Lmax, Lmin, L10, L50, L90, NC (noise climate), Lnp (noise pollution level), Leq (equivalent noise level), and NEI (noise exposure index) were computed with the observed data. Noise descriptors are very useful to indicate the physiological and psychological effects of noise pollution associated with noise levels. It makes regulating agency to take necessary actions in high noise areas for noise vulnerable groups such as Childs, old persons etc. Noise levels were recorded with the digital sound level meter " HTC SL-1350". Obtained equivalent noise levels were in between 65 dB(A) to 85 dB(A). The results were then compared with the WHO standards of community noise levels, and Indian noise pollution standards. It is noticed that the noise levels in all monitoring stations were well above the limits of the standards prescribed by the WHO and CPCB. Small variations in noise levels were observed for all sampling locations i.e. noise levels were almost similar at sampling locations. Noise levels were distinct in magnitude for morning and evenings hours. Noise Exposure Index (NEI) was greater than 1 which shows significant high noise levels in all the sampling locations. Kota metropolis desperately needs new strategies to reduces the high noise level in the city. Regulating agencies should take necessary action before things get out of control. Some immediate actions are suggested in the study.
Monitoring and Assessing the Environmental Noise along a Busy Traffic Corridor of Ahmedabad City, India
Authors: Lakhtaria Ketan , Trivedi Sandip , Kandya Anurag
Published: April 2021

Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware of the impacts on their health. The environmental noise, and in particular the road traffic noise, remains a major environmental problem affecting the health and well-being of millions of people. With this background, a comprehensive ‘noise pollution assessment study’ was undertaken for a busy traffic corridor of Ahmedabad city of India. The traffic corridor which spans around 22.25 km passes through a mix of different areas like educational, commercials and residential. A two week long field survey was carried out on this corridor during 10-23 May, 2018 at 24 locations spread over the entire corridor. The assessment reveals that the average noise level always exceeded the prescribed guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) for the daytime noise (75 dB (A) for Industrial area, 65 dB (A) for Commercial area, 55 dB (A) for Residential area and 50 dB (A) for Silence zones), which is quite alarming. For a major portion of the traffic corridor (79.6%), even the minimum noise level was above the permissible average noise level which is a matter of great concern. The highest noise level observed was 86.0 dB (A). Clubbing the ranks of the traffic corridor segments for the noise indicators like LAeq, Lmin, Lmax, L90, L50, L10 and LNP revealed that locations like Akhbarnagar followed by Naranpura were in the nosiest. Looking to implications of the high noise levels on the human health and productivity, it is important to initiate suitable mitigation measures. The present comprehensive study brings forth the spatial and quantitative aspects of noise pollution across the busy corridor of the city which would be of great help to the civic administration in understanding the magnitude of the problem and subsequently initiate suitable mitigative measures.
Impact of Okhla, Bhalswa and Ghazipur Municipal Waste Dumpsites (Landfill) on Groundwater Quality in Delhi
Authors: Angmo Sonam , Shah Shachi
Published: April 2021

Rapid urbanization, increasing prosperity, economic development coupled with changing lifestyle has produced a tremendous generation of waste in huge quantity. The dumping of this huge quantity of partially segregated waste has become a public health and environmental concern. According to an estimate, more than 9500 tons per day (TPD) of MSW (Municipal solid waste) is generated in Delhi and about 60% of waste is transported to these three-active landfills in order of maximum in Bhalswa followed by Ghazipur and Okhla landfill sites which are non-scientific landfill and less than 40% were transported to composting plant and waste to energy plant. These waste dump sites have finished their commissioned date and crossed the permissible height and come under matured landfill (old). Dumping of unsegregated waste in these landfills contribute long-term threat to groundwater as various parameter such as inorganic, organic and heavy metal liberate from leachate of unsegregated solid waste and concentration varies with season. Soil contamination, air pollution and various other environmental, health and social impacts in the vicinity of these landfills are found to be connected with uncontrolled dumping of waste. The study reported that, till date in Delhi, there is no single landfill which is controlled and provides with baseliner or proper cover. All three active landfill still received solid waste beyond their capacity without any attention to waste segregation. Impact of landfill leachate on groundwater revealed by presences of high concentration of various parameters like Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Ammonium, Phenol, Iron, Zinc and Chemical oxygen demand in assessed which showed that quality of groundwater is significantly affected by the percolation of landfill leachate. The main problem of the landfill is the generation of toxic leachate and gases which finally end their life in groundwater and environment and ultimately reach to human and damage aquatic life present in water. On the other hand emission of greenhouse gases lead to the risk of fire and also cause global warming. Presently NGT had warned officer of these three landfills of Delhi to remediate landfill. There is an urgent need of leachate collection system and treatment facilities and gas trapping technologies at this landfill for energy generation and to protect the contamination of groundwater.
Overview of Legal and Policy Measures of Carbon Trading and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) In India
Authors: Ali Haider , Tiwari Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2021

It is scientifically well proven facts that carbon dioxide is the main cause of greenhouse gas emission by burning of fossils fuels. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) empower the parties to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the diverse industries by elaborating the mechanisms of Clean Development Mechanism Joint Implementation, and Emission Trading. This has created an international market for carbon trading. The paper addresses the global and Indian’s national carbon trading system, starting with the UNFCCC, and Kyoto Protocol comprising carbon credit components. The paper also tries to examine the obligation of India under the Kyoto protocol and later discuss the legal and policy framework implemented by India to encourage CDM and carbon trading in India. It traces different policy measures like National Action Plan and State Action Plans on Climate Change, National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), Climate Change Action Program, 2010, Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT), Renewable Energy Credit Trading System (REC), PILOT ETS in some Indian provinces, the significant arrangements of Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 are likewise examined. This paper further discusses the positives and negative aspect of this scheme and also its review, criticisms and problems. It ends by providing an Indian perspective to this scheme. Study of this paper would be especially beneficial for the governments, stakeholders and research scholars to know the whole legal and policy mechanism of carbon trading.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DA ICONICIDADE VERBAL PARA O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA E LITERATURA
Authors: Felipe Márcia Da Gama Silva
Published: April 2021

No atual contexto de globalização, aprender uma língua vai além da simples tradução do código verbal, engloba também a compreensão de fatores culturais e identitários. O presente artigo tem por objetivo propor estratégias de leitura e interpretação de texto, tendo como corpus de análise o romance Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos. Propomos o uso do texto literário como corpus propício ao ensino de Língua Portuguesa, de forma a oferecer ao aluno o aprendizado do código verbal, enriquecido pela compreensão dos respectivos aspectos culturais. Buscamos embasamento teórico-prático na Teoria da Iconicidade Verbal, cuja metodologia permite a reconstituição da trilha lexical, identificada na superfície do texto, com fins de identificação de usos e costumes. Acreditamos que o texto literário, como representante da cultura de um povo, contribui significativamente para o ensino da língua, e para a eficácia na leitura e interpretação de textos.
Saving more lives and limbs: applying a cardiac rehabilitation model of structured exercise to symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Matthews Susan , Fox Martin , Coy Sarah , Whittaker Jane , Brough Gail , Yasin Mohammad , Whittle Susan
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims

Peripheral arterial disease is common among those aged 60 years or above and can cause debilitating intermittent claudication. This impacts quality of life and is a marker for increased morbidity and mortality, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Access to recommended exercise programmes for people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease is poor in most areas of the UK. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of expanding an established cardiac rehabilitation service to accommodate supervised exercise for people with peripheral arterial disease

Methods

The study evaluated 11 participants peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication who were referred by the Manchester leg circulation service. Participants underwent the programme involving eight weekly 1.5 hour sessions of supervised exercise and cardiovascular education with support, reassurance and motivation. The participants' blood pressure, walking impairment, quality of life, anxiety and depression were monitored and reviewed.

Results

Overall, the participants' walking distance, intermittent claudication, quality of life and blood pressure had improved. The participants' overall satisfaction with the programme was excellent. The programme also demonstrated clinical and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions

A structured, supervised exercise programme can have considerable benefits for people with peripheral arterial disease, improving their symptoms and quality of life. It may also help to reduce the morbidity and mortality risks associated with inactivity in this patient group.
Advance care planning for patients with COVID-19: a communication guide
Authors: Palipane Natasha , Ponnampalampillai Abi , Gupta Srirupa
Published: April 2021

In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, early and honest conversations with patients about goals of care are vital. Advance care planning in its traditional manner may be difficult to achieve given the unpredictability of the disease trajectory. Despite this, it is crucial that patients' care wishes are explored as this will help prevent inappropriate admissions to hospital and to critical care, improve symptom control and advocate for patient choice. This article provides practical tips on how to translate decisions around treatment escalation plans into conversations, both face-to-face and over the phone, in a sensitive and compassionate manner.

Care planning conversations for patients with COVID-19 should be individualised and actively involve the patient. Focusing on goals of care rather than ceilings of treatment can help to alleviate anxiety around these conversations and will remind patients that their care will never cease. Using a framework such as the ‘SPIKES’ mnemonic can help to structure this conversation. Verbally conveying empathy will be key, particularly when wearing personal protective equipment or speaking to relatives over the phone. It is also important to make time to recognise your own emotions during and/or after these conversations.
The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit and older people living with frailty
Authors: Vilches-Moraga A , Shipway DJH , Braude P
Published: April 2021

The National Emergency Laparotomy Audit highlighted that older people living with frailty have poorer outcomes from emergency laparotomies. This editorial discusses some improvements in care that are needed to improve outcomes in this group of patients.
The Structural Relationship Model of Indicators of Outstanding Leadership for Teachers under the Local Administrative Organizations
Authors: Nonthing Komsan , Supakicco Phramaha Suphachai
Published: April 2021

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Study the suitability of the indicators to be included in the model, 2) Test the consistency of the model developed from the theories and research studies’ empirical data, 3) Evaluate reliability value of the main components, the sub-components and other related indicators. The population used in the research were the teachers in the schools under the local administrative organization of Thailand. The multistage random sampling was used for the selection of 660 samples from a total population of 30,359 teachers across the country. The following results were observed: 1) All of the 52 indicators used in the research were appropriate according to the specified criteria, 2) The theoretical model was found to have been consistent with the empirical data. All of the statistical figures including; Relative Chi-Square, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Goodness-of-Fit Index, Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index, and Normed Fit Index: NFI, were found to have met with the specified criteria in both the first and the second confirmation factor analyzes, and 3) The primary element’s factor loading was between 0.73 to 1.48, which is higher than the criteria of 0.70, the sub-element’s factor loading was between 0.67 to 1.72 and the indicators weight was between 0.68 to 1.37, which is higher than the criteria of 0.30. These results indicate that the theoretical model developed in this research can be effectively used with construct validity for the development of the targeted samples in a research study.
Day-case open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Flatman Michael , Barkham Ben H. , Ben David Eyal , Yeo Andrea , Norman Joanne , Gelfer Yael
Published: April 2021

Aims

Open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is regularly performed despite screening programmes, due to failure of treatment or late presentation. A protocol for open reduction of DDH has been refined through collaboration between surgical, anaesthetic, and nursing teams to allow same day discharge. The objective of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of performing open reduction of DDH as a day case.

Methods

A prospectively collected departmental database was visited. All consecutive surgical cases of DDH between June 2015 and March 2020 were collected. Closed reductions, bilateral cases, cases requiring corrective osteotomy, and children with comorbidities were excluded. Data collected included demographics, safety outcome measures (blood loss, complications, readmission, reduction confirmation), and feasibility for discharge according to the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolidability (FLACC) pain scale. A satisfaction questionnaire was filled by the carers. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results

Out of 168 consecutive DDH cases, 16 patients fit the inclusion criteria (age range 10 to 26 months, 13 female). Intraoperative blood loss ranged from "minimal" to 120 ml, and there were no complications or readmissions. The FLACC score was 0 for all patients. The carers satisfaction questionnaire expressed high satisfaction from the experience with adequate information and support provided.

Conclusion

Open reduction in DDH, without corrective osteotomy, is safe and feasible to be managed as a day case procedure. It requires a clear treatment pathway, analgesia, sufficient counselling, and communication with carers. It is even more important during the COVID-19 pandemic when reduced length of hospital stay is likely to be safer for both patient and their parents. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2021;2(4):271–277.
Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in the electrode layer on the efficiency of organic solar cells
Authors: Vladimirova Yu. V. , Mannanov A. L. , Luponosov Yu. N. , Ponomarenko S. A. , Paraschuk D. Yu. , Zadkov V. N.
Published: April 2021

The effect of spherical SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in the electrode layer of PEDOT:PSS on the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSC) based on small molecules was studied in detail. We show that embedding SiO2 NPs of 50 nm in diameter increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 15%, and this increase weakly depends on the NPs concentration in the buffer layer. Also, we calculated the interaction of radiation with a model three-layer system (ITO, buffer layer, active layer) with embedded NPs in buffer layer and analyzed the directional patterns of spherical SiO2 NPs of various sizes in such a three-layer system. The calculation results allow interpreting the experimental results on increasing the PCE as a result of light scattering by the NPs.
Reflections on Mark Stockman and his contributions to nano-optics: guest editorial
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B , Noginov Mikhail , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: April 2021

A very brief tribute to Mark I. Stockman and his contributions to
optical science.
WormPose: Image synthesis and convolutional networks for pose estimation in C. elegans
Authors: Hebert Laetitia , Ahamed Tosif , Costa Antonio C. , O’Shaughnessy Liam , Stephens Greg J.
Published: April 2021

An important model system for understanding genes, neurons and behavior, the nematode worm C. elegans naturally moves through a variety of complex postures, for which estimation from video data is challenging. We introduce an open-source Python package, WormPose, for 2D pose estimation in C. elegans, including self-occluded, coiled shapes. We leverage advances in machine vision afforded from convolutional neural networks and introduce a synthetic yet realistic generative model for images of worm posture, thus avoiding the need for human-labeled training. WormPose is effective and adaptable for imaging conditions across worm tracking efforts. We quantify pose estimation using synthetic data as well as N2 and mutant worms in on-food conditions. We further demonstrate WormPose by analyzing long (∼ 8 hour), fast-sampled (∼ 30 Hz) recordings of on-food N2 worms to provide a posture-scale analysis of roaming/dwelling behaviors.
Actual state of “triple therapy” for heart failure patients in eight regions of Japan: An analysis of a nationwide medical claims database
Authors: Abe Daisuke , Inomata Takayuki
Published: April 2021

Background

This study aimed to collect data on “triple therapy” for heart failure (HF) with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or receptor blockers), β-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in all eight regions of Japan and clarify the reason for the selection of this therapeutic approach.

Methods and results

We used data from April 2017 to March 2018 from the Medical Data Vision database (380 facilities) to analyze factors impacting triple therapy for HF. Among patients who were hospitalized for HF during the study period, 51,933 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent further analyses. A reference value of 20.45% from Kanto was used to compare the eight Japanese regions.

From the patient cohort, 10,006 (19.27%) patients receiving triple therapy were identified.

The highest and lowest rates of triple therapy were in Chugoku (21.90%) and Shikoku (14.27%), respectively, suggesting regional differences in the use of triple therapy at discharge for patients with HF (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a decrease in the administration of triple therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.48]; P < 0.001), those aged 75 years and older (OR, 0.46, 95% CI: 0.44–0.49; P < 0.001), those from Shikoku (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60–0.80; P < 0.001), those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68–0.84; P < 0.001), those with anemia (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.98; P = 0.034), and those from Tohoku (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75–0.92; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Future efforts to rectify the regional variance in drug therapy conforming to the guidelines for the treatment of acute and chronic HF will help to extend the healthy lifespans of patients with HF. Further clarification is required to determine instances where triple therapy should be avoided based on patient factors, and appropriate countermeasures should be identified.
Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults: Understanding the strategies to optimize vaccination coverage
Authors: Abedin Minhazul , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Rahman Farah Naz , Reza Hasan Mahmud , Hossain Mohammad Zakir , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Arefin Adittya , Hossain Ahmed
Published: April 2021

Background

Although the approved COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective, mass vaccination in Bangladeshi people remains a challenge. As a vaccination effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on willingness to vaccinate by sociodemographic, clinical and regional differences in Bangladeshi adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis from a household survey of 3646 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted in 8 districts of Bangladesh, from December 12, 2020, to January 7, 2021. Multinomial regression examined the impact of socio-demographic, clinical and healthcare-releated factors on hesitancy and reluctance of vaccination for COVID-19.

Results

Of the 3646 respondents (2212 men [60.7%]; mean [sd] age, 37.4 [13.9] years), 74.6% reported their willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 when a safe and effective vaccine is available without a fee, while 8.5% were reluctant to vaccinate. With a minimum fee, 46.5% of the respondents showed intent to vaccinate. Among the respondents, 16.8% reported adequate adherence to health safety regulations, and 35.5% reported high confidence in the country’s healthcare system. The COVID-19 vaccine refusal was significantly high in elderly, rural, semi-urban, and slum communities, farmers, day-laborers, homemakers, low-educated group, and those who had low confidence in the country’s healthcare system. Also, the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was high in the elderly population, low-educated group, day-laborers, people with chronic diseases, and people with low confidence in the country’s healthcare system.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of vaccine refusal and hesitancy was observed in rural people and slum dwellers in Bangladesh. The rural community and slum dwellers had a low literacy level, low adherence to health safety regulations and low confidence in healthcare system. The ongoing app-based registration for vaccination increased hesitancy and reluctancy in low-educated group. For rural, semi-urban, and slum people, outreach centers for vaccination can be established to ensure the vaccine’s nearby availability and limit associated travel costs. In rural areas, community health workers, valued community-leaders, and non-governmental organizations can be utilized to motivate and educate people for vaccination against COVID-19. Further, emphasis should be given to the elderly and diseased people with tailored health messages and assurance from healthcare professionals. The media may play a responsible role with the vaccine education program and eliminate the social stigma about the vaccination. Finally, vaccination should be continued without a fee and thus Bangladesh’s COVID vaccination program can become a model for other low and middle-income countries.
Characteristics of physicians working at geriatric health service facilities in Japan, 1996–2016
Authors: Ishikawa Masatoshi , Iwagami Masao , Tamiya Nanako
Published: April 2021

Background

In Japan, which has the most rapidly aging population worldwide, the number of geriatric health service facilities (GHSFs) has been increasing. GHSF physicians play significant roles in integrated care for the elderly. However, little is known about the temporal trends of physicians working in GHSFs.

Objectives

We aim to examine temporal trends in the characteristics of GHSF physicians and identify physician factors associated with starting work at GHSFs.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting and participants

Physicians responding to biennial national physician census surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan from 1996 to 2016. The response rate was approximately 90%.

Methods

We estimated temporal trends in the number, proportion, and characteristics of GHSF physicians. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified physician factors associated with starting work at GHSFs 10 years after 1996–2006 and 2006–2016 among physicians not working in GHSFs at baseline (1996 and 2006).

Results

GHSF physicians rapidly increased in the first decade from 1,127 (0.47%) in 1996 to 2,891 (1.04%) in 2006; this trend then slowed and was almost proportional to that of all physicians, reaching 3,345 (1.05%) in 2016. GHSF physicians aged ≥65 years increased from 61.2% in 1996 to 68.5% in 2016, while those aged <40 years decreased from 13.8% to 1.9%. The sex ratio (male vs. female physicians) increased from 5.7 in 1996 to 6.4 in 2016. Physician factors associated with starting to work at GHSFs included older age, female sex, rural area, working at hospitals, and majored in internal medicine and surgery specialties.

Conclusions

The proportion of GHSF physicians among all physicians has stagnated, and GHSF physicians are aging. Facilitating the transition of younger physicians from clinical practice in hospitals to GHSFs will increase the number of GHSF physicians and improve the quality of care in GHSFs.
Lipocalin 2 modulates dendritic cell activity and shapes immunity to influenza in a microbiome dependent manner
Authors: Watzenboeck Martin L. , Drobits Barbara , Zahalka Sophie , Gorki Anna-Dorothea , Farhat Asma , Quattrone Federica , Hladik Anastasiya , Lakovits Karin , Richard Gabriel M. , Lederer Therese , Strobl Birgit , Versteeg Gijs A. , Boon Louis , Starkl Philipp , Knapp Sylvia
Published: April 2021

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein with roles in multiple biological processes. It contributes to host defense by interference with bacterial iron uptake and exerts immunomodulatory functions in various diseases. Here, we aimed to characterize the function of LCN2 in lung macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) usingLcn2-/-mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed strong LCN2-related effects in CD103+DCs during homeostasis, with differential regulation of antigen processing and presentation and antiviral immunity pathways. We next validated the relevance of LCN2 in a mouse model of influenza infection, wherein LCN2 protected from excessive weight loss and improved survival. LCN2-deficiency was associated with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and increased lung T cell numbers, indicating a dysregulated immune response to influenza infection. Depletion of CD8+T cells equalized weight loss between WT andLcn2-/-mice, proving that LCN2 protects from excessive disease morbidity by dampening CD8+T cell responses.In vivoT cell chimerism andin vitroT cell proliferation assays indicated that improved antigen processing by CD103+DCs, rather than T cell intrinsic effects of LCN2, contribute to the exacerbated T cell response. Considering the antibacterial potential of LCN2 and that commensal microbes can modulate antiviral immune responses, we speculated that LCN2 might cause the observed influenza phenotype via the microbiome. Comparing the lung and gut microbiome of WT andLcn2-/-mice by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed profound effects of LCN2 on gut microbial composition. Interestingly, antibiotic treatment or co-housing of WT andLcn2-/-mice prior to influenza infection equalized lung CD8+T cell counts, suggesting that the LCN2-related effects are mediated by the microbiome. In summary, our results highlight a novel regulatory function of LCN2 in the modulation of antiviral immunity.
As vulnerabilidades sociais e econômicas no direito internacional: a questão boliviana e a necessidade de saída para o mar do Pacífico
Authors: Del’Olmo Florisbal de Souza , Bruhn Parmeggiani Gomes Tatiana
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo visa investigar os fatores que levam aos persistentes reclamos da Bolíva contra o Chile pelo acesso às águas do Pacífico, os quais deram origem ao caso Obligation to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile), julgado recentemente pela Corte Internacional de Justiça na Haia, Holanda. Para tanto, decidiu-se perpassar pelas disputas históricas envolvendo estes dois países, embates estes que reforçam as fronteiras sul-americanas, exacerbando as vulnerabilidades presentes, sejam elas sociais ou econômicas. Observa-se, ao longo do desenvolvimento do artigo, quanto do enfrentamento da matéria no Tribunal Internacional da Haia e das reflexões promovidas pela Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, uma vez que o seu texto abarca questões de delimitação marítima, a qual tem importante relevância na clarificação de princípios e normas atrelados à questão. Como considerações finais, enxerga-se a Bolívia hoje como o coração da América do Sul devido à sua localização geográfica única e aos seus valiosos recursos naturais. Os fatores que levam à persistência da reivindicação marítima da Bolívia em relação ao Chile se dão em virtude de enfraquecimentos econômicos que acometem o desenvolvimento do país, o impedindo de negociações mais favoráveis com agentes estrangeiros.Palavras-chave: Bolívia; Chile; Corte Internacional de Justiça; Disputa marítima; Direito Internacional.
Concurrent Engineering in Aerospace Industry: How To Achieve Radiofrequency Geometric Specifications in Satellite Antennae
Authors: Vargas J. , Poveda S.
Published: April 2021

One of the problems that a satellite manufacturing involves is to obtain the geometrical forms and the accurate positions for the different radiofrequency components (reflectors, subreflectors and feeders). CFRP (Carbon Fibber Reinforced Plastics) sandwich structures never are obtained as designed due to the deformations associated to the manufacturing process. So, reflectors, subreflectors and structural components (towers, panels... ) have to be measured in order to include their deviations in the design of the regulation parts. High performance equipment (Co-ordinate Measurement Machines, CAD/CAM Systems and 5 Axis Machine Tool) is used, but it is also necessary to make an integrated and multidisciplinary team. This paper describes how this process was implemented in CASA Space Division during HISPASAT 1C satellite manufacturing program.
FIRE PROTECTION OF STEEL ELEMENTS USING LIGHTWEIGHT HYBRID CEMENT MORTAR
Authors: Šulc Stanislav , Šmilauer Vít , Šejna Jakub , Wald František
Published: April 2021

Material properties of steel structures are significantly reduced at high temperatures, so a fire protection has strong positive impact on the fire resistance of the structure. Fire resistance of steel elements can be increased using a layer of cement-based materials as a fire protection. Most of commonly used cement-based materials do not withstand high temperatures without noticeable reduction of mechanical properties. Hybrid cement showed some interesting properties in the way of resistance to high temperatures and adhesion to steel surfaces, thus its behavior during fire exposure should be investigated. One experimental analysis with numerical simulation is presented in this article. It examines thermal material properties of lightweight hybrid cement mortar with expanded perlite from a simple experiment with a lab gas burner.
MICRONIZED CONCRETE POWDER AS MIRCOFILLER IN CEMENT PASTE: INFLUENCE ON HYDRATION AND STRUCTURE
Authors: Topič Jaroslav , Prošek Zdeněk
Published: April 2021

The reuse of old concrete as a coarse and fine recycled aggregate in cement composites is relatively well researched, and therefore a very fine fraction of recycled concrete was used in this paper. When using a very fine fraction of recycled concrete, it is appropriate to focus primarily on less technologically demanding treatment processes with minimal costs and environmental impact. Therefore this paper focus on using the fine fraction of recycled concrete as a microfiller. For this purpose, the material is treated by high-speed milling process and micronized concrete powder (MCP) is produced. Using several micronized concrete powder types that differ by origin, separation process and fineness of grinding should help understand how MCP influences the hydration process and cement paste structure. The samples with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt. % of MCP were made to determine proper dosage in cement paste. Specific surface, matrix density and DTG analysis of micronized concrete powder were carried out. The calorimetric measurement was used to confirm how microfiller affects the hydration process. Finally, bulk density and porosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of MCP and its amount on the cement paste structure.