bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Seimas – valstybės modernizacijos grandis (1572–1587 metai)
Authors: Kiaupienė Jūratė
Published: July 2021

Straipsnyje parodoma, kaip Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Seimas, po 1569 m. Liublino unijos su Lenkijos Karalyste buvęs teisiškai nesankcionuota institucija, Abiejų Tautų Respublikos Seimo sudėtyje atgaivino savarankišką veiklą, telkė politinę tautą atstovauti Lietuvos valstybės interesams sudėtinėje Lenkijos ir Lietuvos Respublikoje. Pabrėžiama, kad pirmas tarpuvaldis, prasidėjęs 1572 m. vasarą po paskutinio Gediminaičių-Jogailaičių dinastijos valdovo Žygimanto Augusto mirties, užklupo Abiejų Tautų Respublikos Seimą nepasirengusį. Lenkijos Karalystėje ir Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje formavosi įvairios politinių interesų grupės, buvo šaukiami suvažiavimai. Lietuvoje politinių sprendimų teisę ir pareigą prisiėmė politinei tautai gerai pažįstami didikai, formaliai nebeegzistuojančios, bet iš politinio gyvenimo neišnykusios Ponų Tarybos nariai, pradėję savarankišką, su Lenkijos parlamentarais nederintą veiklą. Atlikus šaltinių analizę, pagrindžiama prielaida, kad 1572–1587 m. savarankiškai veikusi parlamentinė institucija Seimas pratęsė XVI a. pirmoje pusėje pradėtą Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės valstybės modernizacijos procesą, tapo jo politine ir idėjine siela.
JAV lietuvių tautininkų 1944 m. vasario 5–6 d. Seimo sušaukimas ir reikšmė
Authors: Skirius Juozas
Published: July 2021

JAV lietuvių tautininkų veikla Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais praktiškai netyrinėta, nors šaltinių pakanka. Per karą jie aktyviai veikė JAV, ypač propagandos srityje, per savo politinę organizaciją – Lietuvai vaduoti sąjungą. Motyvuodami, kad Amerikos lietuvių taryba (ALT) nerodo aktyvumo, o 1943–1944 metais sparčiai keičiasi padėtis Rytų fronte – Lietuvai gresia antroji bolševikinė okupacija – kėlė mintį, kad reikia šaukti Amerikos lietuvių seimą ir ruoštis kovai už Lietuvos laisvę. Tuo pačiu siekta ne tik telkti tautininkus, bet ir stiprinti jų autoritetą tarp JAV lietuvių. 1944 m. vasario 5–6 dienomis Niujorke sušauktas Amerikos lietuvių seimas buvo labiau JAV tautininkų renginys, bet Lietuvos diplomatų vertinimu – pavykęs. Seimo priimti nutarimai buvo pradėti vykdyti ir padėjo lengvinti Lietuvos ir lietuvių likimą. Informacija apie Lietuvą JAV visuomenei buvo naudinga raginant šios šalies valdžią nepripažinti Lietuvos okupacijos. Mūsų šalies likimas buvo aiškiai siejamas su JAV pozicija. Seimas stipriau konsolidavo tautininkus, jie ėmė daugiausia dėmesio skirti ne pačių vidaus problemoms spręsti ar ginčams su kitomis srovėmis, o politinei veiklai ir Lietuvos klausimui kelti.
Allojenik Kök Hücre Nakliyle İlişkili BK Virüs-Hemorajik Sistit
Authors: YILDIZ Hicran , KARACAN Yasemin
Published: July 2021

Allojenik kök hücre nakli (AKHN) yapılan hastalarda BK virüsü hemorajik sistiti (BKV-HS), potansiyel bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. BKV reaktivasyonu, asemptomatik viral enfeksiyondan hemorajik sistit veya nefrite kadar değişen farklı sorunlara neden olabilir. Ayrıca, uzun süre hastanede kalışa neden olabilir. Özellikle, hematopoietik kök hücre nakli alıcılarında egrafman sonrası gelişen akut hemorajik sistitin BK virüsü ile ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, AKHN uygulanan hastalarda görülebilecek BKV-HS’ in önemine dikkat çekilmekte, hemşirelerin bu hasta grubunda BKV ile ilişkili hemorajik sistiti önleme ve yönetmedeki rolüne değinilmektedir.
Relevance or plausibility? Health care and research recommendations
Authors: Brands Martien
Published: July 2021

Background: Several disease indications have been researched for homeopathic treatment. However, the degree of evidence of studies is not yet investigated for the whole of homeopathic care. Three levels of care are identified: 1. Basic/ community health level. 2. Professional/ primary care level, 3. Advanced/ specialist care level

Methods: Browser searches were made to identify studies at the three levels; from major reviews the last 20 years. The degrees of evidence were further subdivided into the levels of care. Each care level was documented for 7 major areas of pathology: cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro intestinal, urogenital, Neuro-endocrino-immunological, infectious, degenerative-oncological diseases. Criteria for inclusion: for RCT’s a minimum of Jadad score 3.

Results: A matrix yields an overview of studies of sufficient quality to make recommendations for health services to integrate homeopathic treatment into their package of service delivery. 75% of the included studies are performed at community health level only.

Discussion: A disproportionate segment of RCT’s on community health level has been conducted, in relation to the actual teaching priorities on individual treatment in homeopathic practice, and professional profiling as ‘specialists’. External and model validity enhancing recommendations for RCTs are provided, and some disease-categories with sufficient evidence presented.
Specificity and sensitivity as important parameters of the pattern of the homeopathic remedy
Authors: Ashikhmina Margarita
Published: July 2021

Aim: To assess the opportunity of use specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) - indicators that are generally accepted for any diagnostic method - in homeopathy.

Methodology: Analysis of comprehensions Specificity and Sensitivity in context of homeopathic knowledge.

Results and discussions: In homeopathy, as in mathematics, patterns are identified through research, the main resources: provings, cases, repertory data, Materia Medica, and source information. S. Bohger wrote: “not all symptoms are equivalent”, “peculiar characteristics should be distinguished from the general series”. Considering the different facets in the general pattern of any remedy, we can see that the weight and diagnostic significance of each facet are different. Each facet of the pattern can be characterized by specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) – indicators that are generally accepted for any diagnostic method. Specificity in medicine is the ability of the diagnostic method (facet of the pattern) not to give false positive results in the absence of disease (i.e., not to point to another remedy). Sp shows to what degree this parameter is typical for this remedy. It is defined as the proportion of the truly negative results of healthy individuals in the group under examination (i.e., the more often the facet is found in other remedies, the lower the specificity is). E.g., the Sp of sore throat for Hepar sulphur is how rarely the sore throat will be met in all other cases, except Hepar sulphur). Sensitivity is the ability of the diagnostic method (certain facet of the pattern) to give the correct result (to identify the remedy), which is defined as the proportion of true positive results among all tests performed (i.e., how often this facet of the pattern appears in this remedy compared to others). The Se reflects how often this pattern theme (symptom) occurs among all cases of this remedy, for example, how often we will find the sore throat among all cases of Hepar sulphur. The key symptoms, corresponding to the leading symptoms of the remedy, so-called “grains of gold” in homeopathy, can be attributed to highly specific parameters: they “valuable, few and hidden”, and as the “key to the lock” opening the whole case. Obviously, the key symptoms should have both high Sp and sufficient Se to be some kind of a visiting card of the remedy. Concomitant symptoms can be attributed to sensitive parameters, they complement the overall picture of the remedy, but they cannot be relied on in the decisive choice of the remedy (due to their low specificity).

Conclusion: Sp and Se can use for description basic homeopathic terms and concepts and show diagnostic contribution of individual parameters in total pattern of the homeopathic remedy on different levels of disease.
Laboratory characterisation of the radiation temperature error of radiosondes and its application to the GRUAN data processing for the Vaisala RS41
Authors: von Rohden Christoph , Sommer Michael , Naebert Tatjana , Motuz Vasyl , Dirksen Ruud J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The paper presents the Simulator for Investigation of Solar Temperature Error of Radiosondes (SISTER), a setup that was developed to quantify the solar heating of the temperature sensor of radiosondes under laboratory conditions by recreating as closely as possible the atmospheric and illumination conditions that are encountered during a daytime radiosounding ascent. SISTER controls the pressure (3 hPa to 1020 hPa) and ventilation speed of the air inside the windtunnel-like setup to simulate the conditions between the surface and 35 km altitude, to determine the dependence of the radiation temperature error on the irradiance and the convective cooling. The radiosonde is mounted inside a quartz tube, while the complete sensor boom is illuminated by an external light source to include the conductive heat transfer between sensor and boom. A special feature of SISTER is that the radiosonde is rotated around its axis to imitate the spinning of the radiosonde in flight. The characterisation of the radiation temperature error is performed for various pressures, ventilation speeds and illumination angles, yielding a 2D-parameterisation of the radiation error for each illumination angle, with an uncertainty smaller than 0.2 K (k = 2) for typical ascend speeds. This parameterisation is applied in the GRUAN processing for radiosonde data, which relies on the extensive characterisation of the sensor properties to produce a traceable reference data product which is free of manufacturer dependent effects. The GRUAN radiation correction model combines the laboratory characterisation with model calculations of the actual radiation field during the sounding to estimate the correction profile. In the second part of this paper it is described how this procedure was applied in the development of the GRUAN data product for the Vaisala RS41 radiosonde (version 1, RS41-GDP.1). The magnitude of the averaged correction profile increases gradually from 0.1 K at the surface to approximately 0.8 K at 35 km altitude. Comparison between sounding data (N = 154) that were GRUAN-processed and Vaisala-processed reveal that the daytime differences are smaller than +0.1 K (GRUAN – Vaisala) in the troposphere and increase above the tropopause steadily with altitude to +0.35 K (GRUAN – Vaisala) at 35 km. These differences are just within the limits of the combined uncertainties (with coverage factor k = 2) of both data products, meaning that the GRUAN processing and the Vaisala processing are in agreement.
Health informatics publication trends in Saudi Arabia: a bibliometric analysis over the last twenty-four years
Authors: Binkheder Samar , Aldekhyyel Raniah , Almulhem Jwaher
Published: July 2021

Objective: Understanding health informatics (HI) publication trends in Saudi Arabia may serve as a framework for future research efforts and contribute toward meeting national “e-Health” goals. The authors’ intention was to understand the state of the HI field in Saudi Arabia by exploring publication trends and their alignment with national goals.Methods: A scoping review was performed to identify HI publications from Saudi Arabia in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We analyzed publication trends based on topics, keywords, and how they align with the Ministry of Health’s (MOH’s) “digital health journey” framework.Results: The total number of publications included was 242. We found 1 (0.4%) publication in 1995–1999, 11 (4.5%) publications in 2000–2009, and 230 (95.0%) publications in 2010–2019. We categorized publications into 3 main HI fields and 4 subfields: 73.1% (n=177) of publications were in clinical informatics (85.1%, n=151 medical informatics; 5.6%, n=10 pharmacy informatics; 6.8%, n=12 nursing informatics; 2.3%, n=4 dental informatics); 22.3% (n=54) were in consumer health informatics; and 4.5% (n=11) were in public health informatics. The most common keyword was “medical informatics” (21.5%, n=52). MOH framework–based analysis showed that most publications were categorized as “digitally enabled care” and “digital health foundations.”Conclusions:The years of 2000–2009 may be seen as an infancy stage of the HI field in Saudi Arabia. Exploring how the Saudi Arabian MOH’s e-Health initiatives may influence research is valuable for advancing the field. Data exchange and interoperability, artificial intelligence, and intelligent health enterprises might be future research directions in Saudi Arabia.
Multicenter randomized comparative trial of Micromedex, Micromedex with Watson, or Google to answer drug information questions
Authors: Giuliano Christopher , McConachie Sean , Kalabalik-Hoganson Julie
Published: July 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacy students’ ability to correctly answer drug information questions using Micromedex with Watson, Micromedex without Watson, or Google.Methods: This multicenter randomized trial compared pharmacy student responses to drug information questions using Micromedex with Watson, Micromedex without Watson, or Google from January to March of 2020. First- to fourth-year pharmacy students at two institutions were included. The primary outcome was the number of correct answers. Secondary outcomes were the time taken to answer the questions and differences in number of correct answers by pharmacy student year and institution.Results: The analysis included 162 participants: 52 students in the Micromedex group, 51 students in the Watson group, and 59 students in the Google group. There was a significant difference among groups in the total number of questions answered correctly (p=0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that participants in the Micromedex group answered more questions correctly than those in the Google group (p=0.015). There were no significant differences between Micromedex and Watson groups (p=0.52) or between Watson and Google groups (p=0.22). There was also no difference in time to complete the questions among groups (p=0.72).Conclusion: Utilizing Google did not save students time and led to more incorrect answers. These findings suggest that health care educators and health sciences librarians should further reinforce training on the appropriate use of drug information resources.
The decisions and processes involved in a systematic search strategy: a hierarchical framework
Authors: Clark Justin Michael , Beller Elaine , Glasziou Paul , Sanders Sharon
Published: July 2021

Objective: The decisions and processes that may compose a systematic search strategy have not been formally identified and categorized. This study aimed to (1) identify all decisions that could be made and processes that could be used in a systematic search strategy and (2) create a hierarchical framework of those decisions and processes.Methods: The literature was searched for documents or guides on conducting a literature search for a systematic review or other evidence synthesis. The decisions or processes for locating studies were extracted from eligible documents and categorized into a structured hierarchical framework. Feedback from experts was sought to revise the framework. The framework was revised iteratively and tested using recently published literature on systematic searching.Results: Guidance documents were identified from expert organizations and a search of the literature and Internet. Data were extracted from 74 eligible documents to form the initial framework. The framework was revised based on feedback from 9 search experts and further review and testing by the authors. The hierarchical framework consists of 119 decisions or processes sorted into 17 categories and arranged under 5 topics. These topics are “Skill of the searcher,” “Selecting information to identify,” “Searching the literature electronically,” “Other ways to identify studies,” and “Updating the systematic review.”Conclusions:The work identifies and classifies the decisions and processes used in systematic searching. Future work can now focus on assessing and prioritizing research on the best methods for successfully identifying all eligible studies for a systematic review.
Thank you to the Journal of the Medical Library Association reviewers in 2020
Authors: Akers Katherine G.
Published: July 2021

The Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) sincerely thanks the 214 peer reviewers in 2020 who helped vet and improve the quality of work published in our journal.
Edpuzzle
Authors: Ware Erin
Published: July 2021

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Understanding the information-seeking behavior of pharmacy college faculty, staff, and students: implications for improving embedded librarian services
Authors: Kamada Hitoshi , Martin Jennifer R. , Slack Marion K. , Kramer Sandra S.
Published: July 2021

Objective: Research was conducted on the embedded librarian program at The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy and the Health Sciences Library to understand how this service is relevant to users and identify the potential for further improvement. This study examined users’ information-seeking behaviors and considered the implications for the effectiveness of the embedded librarian service.Methods: The authors conducted 18 semi-structured interviews of faculty, researchers, and students at the College of Pharmacy to obtain descriptive accounts of how they seek information, manage information, and use the library and library services. The authors examined the interview transcripts through qualitative descriptive analysis.Results: The interview responses confirm that users seek information outside of the physical library and tend to ask their peers for information or assistance in obtaining information. They mostly feel comfortable in searching, but some of them may lack sufficient search skills and tend to use a few known databases. While those who are familiar with the librarian seek the librarian’s assistance more often, others tend not to seek the librarian’s assistance. The ways they manage information vary, which requires customized assistance.Conclusions: The close proximity of a physically embedded librarian is beneficial to users and positions the librarian to provide proactive assistance in the existing user information-seeking behavior environment. While some users do not seek assistance, the embedded librarian can provide proactive assistance in such areas as making users aware of other database options and helping them choose relevant databases and effectively manage information.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KARYAWAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TENTANG PEMANENAN DI PT. SAWIT SUKSES SEJAHTERA
Authors: Zain Mohammad Yogi Hidayatullah , Mirasari Rossy , Rusmini Rusmini
Published: July 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of knowledge of an employee, especially harvest employees in order to obtain maximum FFB, it encourages researchers to determine the level of knowledge about harvesting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of harvest employees and determine the level of knowledge of harvest employees about harvesting techniques and harvesting tools used.Collecting data in the research in the form of questionnaires and interviews, the method used is descriptive analysis to describe the level of knowledge of harvesting employees based on the frequency distribution of respondents' answers and responses to questions in the questionnaire.Characteristics of respondents at PT Sawit Sukses Sejahtera based on age at most, namely those aged over 35 years with a percentage of 68%, from education the most, namely elementary school with a percentage of 77%, based on work experience at most 1-5 years with a percentage of 41%. The respondent's level of knowledge on harvesting techniques is in the "know" category because the knowledge level score reaches 59.5. The respondent's level of knowledge of harvesting tools is in the "know" category with an average score of 64.94.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KARYAWAN PENYEMPROTAN TANAMAN SAWIT DI PT. EQUALINDO MAKMUR ALAM SEJAHTERA KECAMATAN TELEN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Prayogo Bima , Herawati Elisa , Fathiah Fathiah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the duties of spraying employees at work starting from the daily routine during work and then to analyze the respondents based on their respective characteristics starting from education, age, height, weight and work experience.The method used in observing the activity and working time of spraying employees is a census by observing all of the spraying employees as many as 18 people.The results of the calculations carried out are calculating the distribution of productive, unproductive and personal time of spraying employees for 8 hours of work so that the average productive working time of 18 samples within 8 hours of work is 85.1% and 11.5%. for unproductive time and 3.4% for employee personal time. In addition, the result of the average time for completing tasks in 1 year is 136,320 minutes divided by the working time in a year that has been determined by the company, which is 114,380 minutes and multiplied by the number of respondents as many as 18 people which results in 15.10 or the same as 15 people .The results of this study are expected to be useful for those who read or for those who want to develop existing methods into better and more effective methods and can be used as an evaluation in planning and determining the needs of spraying employees as a consideration and evaluation in the future.
PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SENGON BUTO (Enterolobium cyclocrpum Griseb) FASE TINGKATAN SEMAI DENGAN MEDIA OVERBURDEN
Authors: Sukariyan Sukariyan , Marjenah Marjenah , Kustaiwan Wawan , Hartati Wahjuni , Widosari Garini
Published: July 2021

Plant growth is known as increasing volume of the diameter and height of the plant stem. Overburdenmaterial after coal mining has conditions where the soil structure is damaged, rock fragmentation ismixed and there is no layer of organic matter. The research objective is to determine the suitability ofplant growth in several growing media. The research method is done by planting test in a nursery withplant growth media consisting of top soil material as a control, a mixing of overburden material withfoliar fertilizer from sengon buto plants, and overburden growing media, the three media werecompared. Results of significance were less than 0.05. The growth medium affects the growth ofsengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb) seedlings.
The prose poem and the comic: on Russell Edson’s ‘The Manual of Sleep’
Authors: Johnson Peter
Published: July 2021

An essay is presented which discusses comedy and prose poetry in contemporary

culture. The author looks at why prose poems have a generic predisposition toward

comedy and suggests that prose poetry has the ability to endlessly reinvent itself and

combine elements of parables, fables, and aphorism. Reflections are provided by the

author on comedy and the prose poem.
The Prose Poetry Project: an introduction and five vignettes
Authors:   The Prose Poetry Project
Published: July 2021

The Prose Poetry Project (PPP) is comprised of a group of people who, working

independently and collaboratively, focus on writing rather than analysing prose poems.

Because of this, and because the PPP emerged out of practice and not out of scholarship,

they have not paid much (explicit) attention to discussions about the definition of the

prose poem, the structure of prose poems and what form can be considered poem rather

than prose or fiction.
La necesaria perspectiva feminista en la enseñanza, interpretación y aplicación del Derecho
Authors: Salazar Benítez Octavio
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Este artículo parte del reconocimiento del Derecho como estructura de poder, así como del carácter androcéntrico y patriarcal del Derecho y de la Ciencia Jurídica. Se aborda la urgencia de usar el género como herramienta de análisis en todos los procesos jurídicos y por parte de todos los operadores que intervienen en ellos. Objetivos. Demostrar la importancia de introducir la formación, y sensibilización, en dicha perspectiva en la enseñanza del Derecho y en la investigación jurídica. Ello habrá de tener una especial proyección en la aplicación e interpretación del Derecho, y, por tanto, en la garantía efectiva de los derechos humanos de las mujeres. Metodología. Análisis de la normativa vigente, de las aportaciones doctrinales iusfeministas, usando el género como categoría crítica. Resultados. Hemos constatado las enormes carencias en la formación y sensibilización con perspectiva feminista en el ámbito jurídico. Conclusiones y discusión. La urgencia de tomarnos en serio el “mainstreaming de género” en la docencia e investigación jurídicas.
Narrativas en torno al colonialismo sexual:
Authors: Ranea-Triviño Beatriz
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Este artículo tiene como propósito la visibilización de la reproducción de las lógicas de dominación colonialistas en la configuración de la prostitución en los países Occidentales, tomando como caso de análisis concreto los discursos de hombres que han consumido prostitución en el Estado español. Objetivos. Siguiendo la propuesta teórica de Rosa Cobo (2017) la prostitución aparece imbricada en la intersección de tres sistemas de dominación: el sistema patriarcal, el sistema capitalista y el sistema cultural/racista, focalizando en este texto el análisis en éste último. Metodología. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa en la que se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad a hombres que consumen prostitución en el contexto indicado. Resultados. Se analizan las percepciones de los entrevistados en torno al origen, etnicidad y racialidad de las mujeres prostituidas dando cuenta de reproducción de estereotipos etnosexuales y de la erotización de la otredad. Se argumenta que estos hombres organizan sus experiencias en prostitución siguiendo un marco de referencia que se inscribe en el colonialismo sexual. Conclusiones y discusión. Este artículo pretende contribuir a aportar mayor conocimiento sobre el imaginario de la masculinidad prostituyente, ya que continúan siendo escasas las investigaciones que tienen como principal objeto de estudio a los hombres que demandan prostitución.
Combatir la violencia contra las mujeres políticas:
Authors: Castaño Pablo
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Violence against women in politics (VAWP) is a specific form of gender-based violence that is receiving growing attention from research, because it threatens the progress made in women’s political representation. However, there are few works on how to design legislation against VAWP. Objectives. This article contributes to filling this gap by analysing how the Bolivian legislation influenced norms of VAWP drafted and passed by other countries and international organisations in Latin America, the country where more efforts of this kind have taken place – the 243/2012 Bolivian Law on Political Violence and Harassment against Women was the first law on VAWP in the world –. Methodology. The research draws on qualitative content analysis of the legislation and semi-structured interviews with Bolivian women’s activists, officials and MPs. Results, conclusions and discussion. I argue that four specific features of the Bolivian legislation have had a major influence on other norms on VAWP: (i) a wide and detailed definition of VAWP; (ii) the attribution to the electoral organ of competences to prevent VAWP; (iii) the establishment of political parties’ responsibilities; (iv) the (incomplete) adoption of an intersectional perspective.
Análisis del empoderamiento de la mujer a través de índices bursátiles de sostenibilidad
Authors: Cosculluela-Martínez Carolina , De la Orden de la Cruz María del Carmen , Díaz-Iglesias Susana
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La relación entre el empoderamiento de la mujer y el desarrollo social es compleja y la utilización de una metodología matemática puede permitir un análisis más pormenorizado. Objetivos. Este trabajo pretende aportar nuevas evidencias de esa relación a través de índices bursátiles ​ligados con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030 y con el papel de la mujer en las empresas que cotizan en bolsa. Las exigencias de transparencia en este tipo de compañías hacen más visible las políticas corporativas de ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) e impulso del papel de la mujer, lo que las hace propicias para el estudio académico. Metodología. De este modo, se han utilizado los índices bursátiles de iSTOXX relativos a los factores ESG de aspectos sociales y de gobernanza, y el índice STOXX® Global Women Leadership Select 30 EUR Index como indicador de empoderamiento de la mujer. Para estimar dicha relación se ha utilizado una metodología de Vector de Corrección de Error que requiere un número mínimo de supuestos a priori y no es necesario especificar un modelo econométrico estructural multiecuacional completo. El modelo propuesto determina la significatividad de las correlaciones entre las series consideradas consiguiéndose una ortogonalización parcial que es suficiente para estimar los efectos buscados. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos ​sostienen que el​ empoderamiento de la mujer incrementa el aspecto social y de gobernanza de las empresas que cotizan en bolsa. ​​Conclusión. Estas nuevas evidencias reafirman la necesidad de mantener políticas corporativas activas para apoyar el empoderamiento de la mujer.
Aproximaciones teóricas y conceptuales para una epidemiología feminista
Authors: Guerrero Márquez Denisse
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La epidemiología como herramienta teórico-metodológica en el análisis de los procesos de salud-enfermedad y cuidados tiene, como heredera de las ciencias biomédicas, un carácter patriarcal que invisibiliza las experiencias y favorece el sistema económico actual sobre el que se fundan todas las desigualdades. En ese contexto resulta necesaria una mirada desde las epistemologías feministas para repensar la investigación en salud, tomando como premisa el posicionamiento ético y político para la transformación social. Objetivos. Plantear la posibilidad de una epidemiología feminista a través de la tradición crítica, la medicina social y las epistemologías feministas. Metodología. Se expone la pertinencia de una crítica feminista a la construcción de conocimiento en salud y a la epidemiología de manera particular para abordar la determinación social de los procesos de salud-enfermedad en el contexto del capitalismo neoliberal. Discusión. La epidemiología hegemónica mantiene un esquema de explicaciones monocausales que limita la comprensión de los procesos de salud-enfermedad, especialmente relacionados con las experiencias de las mujeres. Pasar de conceptos como ingreso económico a precarización de la vida, propuesto desde pensadoras feministas, dota a la epidemiología de sentido. Conclusiones. Hacer evidente la intención política de las investigaciones, tomar como fuente las experiencias individuales bajo una mirada materialista que haga visibles las estructuras y relaciones desiguales de poder, así como retomar bagajes conceptuales y metodológicos de las ciencias sociales resulta enriquecedor para la práctica epidemiológica; en general, una propuesta feminista complejiza el análisis de los procesos de salud-enfermedad para escapar del enfoque de riesgo característico de la biomedicina
Reflexões sobre os fundamentos epistemológicos de Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Demschinski Sandra Cristina
Published: July 2021

This text aims to present some reflections, from a bibliographical research, about the epistemological fundaments of the Gramscian theory, its approaches to the Marxism and its commitment with other lifestyle. Initially some important milestones in Antonio Gramsci’s life history and his intellectual influences are discussed. Then, based on Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci’s work, some assumptions from the Historical-Dialectical Materialism and the social and political emergency for other hegemony are shown. The discussions have some guiding concepts, such as: “Education”, “State”, “hegemony” and “philosophy of praxis”. The theoretical reference which sustains the arguments is the Historical-Dialectical Materialism.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JOHAR (Cassia siamea Lamk.) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi ATCC 13311
Authors: Asiyah Isna Jati , Turahman Taufik
Published: July 2021

Salmonella typhi adalah bakteri patogen penyebab utama demam tifoid. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri Salmonella typhi adalah dengan penggunaan antibiotik. Namun terdapat laporan yang menyatakan bahwa bakteri ini telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, kotrimoksazol, dan amoksisilin. Selain itu, penggunaan antibiotik dalam jangka waktu lama dapat memberikan efek samping bagi tubuh manusia yaitu menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan fungsi pada hati, ginjal dan jantung. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan guna mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan alam. Tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri adalah johar (Cassia siamea Lamk). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) terhadap Salmonella typhi beserta nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Metode uji yaitu difusi dan dilusi. Larutan ekstrak daun johar dibuat seri pengenceran dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, dan 25%. Uji fitokimia pada penelitian ini meliputi uji kandungan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tannin. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa keempat senyawa tersebut terkandung dalam ekstrak daun johar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun johar mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Salmonella typhi. Konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) 100% memiliki zona hambat paling besar terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi dengan zona hambat sebesar 9,9 mm dan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun johar 25% memiliki diameter zona hambat terkecil yaitu 6 mm. Nilai KHM ekstrak daun johar terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhi tidak bisa ditentukan, sedangkan nilai KBM adalah sebesar 12,5%.
The Indian Occupied Kashmir Dispute: A Legal Analysis in purview of United Nations Resolutions
Authors: Dr. Rao Qasim Idrees, Dr. Muhammad Imran, Tahir Jamil
Published: July 2021

Kashmir is an uncontrollable conflict between the two South Asian countries: India and Pakistan. Since 1989 the people of Kashmir have faced a massive violation of human rights committed by Indian forces. The United Nations resolutions strengthened the Kashmiri’s movement of freedom. However, it is also a reality that, somehow and somewhere, the UN had failed in the Kashmir dispute in order to give the implementation to its resolutions. The Kashmir issue is complicated but could have been resolved if the UN had taken its responsibility with true letter and spirit. Recently, the Indian government changed the status of Kashmir by the abolishment of Article 370 and 35A, and also passing a Bill in August 2019, further makes the situation more difficult in Kashmir. In this situation, it is pertinent to mention here that Indian occupied Kashmir is a disputed issue in the light of UNSC resolutions between two south Asian countries. The current research is based upon descriptive and historical methodology and the facts and results are provided as per the legal analysis of the current situation of Indian occupied Kashmir. Finally, this research concludes that India cannot solve the Kashmir dispute through revocation of Article 370 and 35A of the Indian constitution provisions about the status of Kashmir, and also not use of force; the Kashmir dispute can only be resolved according to the Resolution adopted by the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan on 13 August 1948.
Theories of interactive learning and their implication in the didactic activity
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Petrovschi Nina , Mihaila Monica Maria ,   Tiraspol State University, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The variety of theoretical perspectives on the learning process demonstrates the complexity of this phenomenon, the multitude of angles from which it can be analyzed and is a proof of the permanence of the development of conceptions regarding the way the learning process takes place. In this article, we make a brief review of the best-known theories of interactive learning, emphasizing on one hand the explanatory mechanism of learning presented in each theory, but also the significant contribution of each to the educational instructional process.
Fundamentals of implementation of the integrated content of learning geography and economy
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy NAPS of Ukraine, Iatenko Vladimir
Published: July 2021

In September 2020, Ukraine adopted the State Standard for Basic Secondary Education (No. 898 of September 30, 2020), which defined new requirements for the Model and Model Curricula. The article reveals the methodological foundations for the implementation of the intellectual content of teaching geography and economics, which is very important for the professional formation and development of both future teachers and practicing teachers. Attention is focused on the formation of a holistic natural-scientific picture of the world through the study of geographical concepts, objects and subjects of study of physical, social and economic geography, the main goal and tasks of integrating the content of teaching geography, research methods. Methodological recommendations are given for additional research of complex, interrelated topics (problems), geographical patterns, global processes, basic principles on which modern geographical knowledge is based. Designed for future teachers (students of institutions of higher education) and practicing teachers of institutions of general secondary education, methodologists of postgraduate education.
Theory of multiple intelligences: arguments and applications
Authors:   ", Chiciuc Constantin ,   Ioan Vodă",   Theoretical Lyceum, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The article addresses theoretical-explanatory aspects of the theory of multiple intelligences, and there are presented some critical assessments of this theory. It is analyzed how the model of the theory of multiple intelligences can be applied in the educational practice on the example of a class of students from the „Ioan Vodă” Theoretical Liceum from Cahul. The article also contains the results of a practical study that reveals the identification of the type of dominant intelligence, the correlation of the type of dominant intelligence and school success in mathematics.
Online Classroom Management and Motivation
Authors:   „Mihai Viteazul” Theoretical Lyceum, Republic of Moldova, Buzu Svetlana , Beschieru Mariana ,   „Mihai Eminescu” Theoretical Lyceum, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

Teaching online has become a considerable challenge for many educators. Everybody is talking about the revolution digital classroom has brought into the education world. Keeping the generation engaged, teachers need to find innovative and versatile methods, to use technology and manage the class online. Whether learning in a physical classroom or online, effective classroom management is the key component to a productive environment. Although, students are not all present in a single room, teachers must be intentional about managing student behavior and engagement in an online setting. Some challenges can be anticipated, and online classroom management strategies effectively overcome those challenges. Online learning focuses on a wide range of technological based learning platforms, delivery methods, and the integration of educational technology components into the learning environment. This article will address online education, its strengths, limitations, online teaching tools, professional development, best practices, and an evaluation of a personal online experience.
Recommendations for statistical methods usage for processing data of pedagogical experiments
Authors:   National Trade College of Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Spinei Ludmila , Spinei Ion ,   Institute of Continuous Education, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

In some institutions of continuous education in the Republic of Moldova there is no course in Applied Statistics for Teacher taught. Because of this, the graduates encounter some difficulties in processing the experimental data. Through this article, the authors propose suggestions and models for data processing for additional qualification / requalification theses.
Psychological profile of adolescent`s personality with a high level of psychosocial adaptation
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Paladi Oxana
Published: July 2021

The article presents some conceptions of the authors regarding the value orientations and the psychosocial adaptation of the personality. The paper includes The psychological profile of adolescents with high levels of psychosocial adaptability developed based on a research model of value orientations and adaptation / psychosocial adaptability of adolescents. At the same time, there are presented the levels of manifestation of the studied factors in the experimental research findings, as well as the indices of the correlation coefficient regarding identification of relationship between psychosocial adaptability and other psychic phenomena: value orientations (terminal values and instrumental values), extraversion/introversion, neuroticism, initiation of social contacts, social courage, self-confidence, appreciation of emotions, emotional control, emotional use, emotional intelligence, adaptability/flexibility, place of control, self-affirmation, motivation for success, optimism, sociability, will, self-esteem, the meaning of life purpose, the meaning of life process, the meaning of life result, the meaning of life for the place of control I, the meaning of life for the place of control Life, general orientations of life meaning, psychological adaptability, emotional adaptability, independence.
Determinación del sistema de producción urbana y periurbana más eficiente para la producción de hortalizas y otras especies vegetales
Authors: Zapata Urey Fernando Ariel , Natali Monica
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se exhibirán los resultados experimentales obtenidos en la producción de hortalizas y otras especies vegetales al combinar 3 métodos de producción urbana con 4 especies vegetales, teniendo como objetivos centrales: a) determinar cuál es el sistema de producción agrícola urbana más eficiente; y b) establecer los parámetros técnicos de producción para las especies agrícolas cultivadas; desarrollando el trabajo de investigación en predios de la Universidad Privada del Valle - Campus Tiquipaya, en la Carrera de Licenciatura en Gastronomía. El trabajo utilizó como material vegetal: tomate manzana (Solanum lycopersicum); arveja china (Pisum Sativum L.); kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica); albahaca morada (Ocimum sanctum L.). Mientras que los sistemas de producción analizados fueron: pie cuadrado; circular y tradicional, combinando ambos factores a través del modelo experimental: “Diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas”. Se obtuvo un total de 12 tratamientos con dos repeticiones. Con la aplicación de este modelo se pudo establecer que, al cabo de 6 meses de trabajo en invernadero, el sistema de producción de pie cuadrado es el que mejor rendimiento productivo, ya que presentó mayores valores de rendimiento por planta.
La participación estudiantil en el proceso de evaluación del desempeño docente como viabilizador del perfeccionamiento de la calidad educativa Clínica Odontológica Univalle
Authors: Zurita Rengel Marco Antonio
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el proceso de evaluación educativa del desempeño docente midiendo una mayor participación de los estudiantes en este proceso, lo que permitirá diseñar un modelo para viabilizar la mejora de la calidad educativa en la Carrera de Odontología, que corresponde a la población seleccionada para la investigación. El enfoque metodológico del estudio fue cuantitativo desde el punto de vista del paradigma positivista; para la obtención de datos se empleó la técnica de la observación cuantitativa y medición, las cuales posibilitaron a su vez el análisis de la información. Las conclusiones arrojaron que el actual proceso de evaluación docente, efectivamente, presenta falencias debido a que no se contempla la participación del estudiante en todo el proceso, esto se refiere desde la formulación del modelo de la misma hasta la metaevaluación. Los datos establecieron la intención de los estudiantes de ser involucrados, ya que el actualmente no se contempla ciertos criterios del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se considera, posibilitaría retroalimentar la dinámica educativa que emplea el profesor, lo cual repercutiría en la mejora de la calidad educativa y, por ende, en la formación de profesionales que respondan a las exigencias de la sociedad.
The Nobel Laureate Georg von Békésy’s Hearing Theory
Authors: Vincze Janos , Vincze-Tiszay Gabriella
Published: July 2021

After Békésy the stapes base moves around two axes: for weaker sounds - rotates around its transverse axis; in case of a strong sound - it moves around its longitudinal axis. Békésy’s place theory cannot alone explain the frequency-distinguishing ability of the ear. However, the existence of active amplification further sharpens the frequency-analysing ability of the cochlea. In addition, the different frequency sensitivity of afferent nerve fibres of inner hair cells synergizes with the mechanisms above. Peaked resonance curves are consequences of different threshold sensitivities of nerves connecting to individual hair cells. The frequency, which belongs to the lowest stimulus threshold, is called the characteristic frequency of a nerve. This place assignment of nerve frequencies are formed by the following mechanism in the cochlea. The place of amplitude maxima of progressive waves excited in the basilar membrane shows slight frequency dependence. The mechanism of active amplification forming in outer hair cells amplifies and sharpens the resonances of the basilar membrane. In 1961, nobleman Georg von Békésy received the Nobel Prize in Medicine: “for his discoveries of the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the cochlea”.
Fiscal Policy and the Performance of Private Sector in Nigeria (1990-2019): A Vector Error Correction Investigation
Authors: Werigbelegha Andabai Priye
Published: July 2021

The study examines the relationship between fiscal policy and the performance of private sector in Nigeria; for the period 1990-2019. Secondary data are collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2019. Four variables are employ for this study. These are Private Sector Output as proxy for performance of private sector economy and used as the dependent variable; whereas, the explanatory variables include Tax, Recurrent Expenditure and Capital Expenditure. Hypotheses are formulated and tested using time series econometric models. The result confirms that about 68% short-run adjustment speed from long-run disequilibrium. The study shows a significant relationship between capital expenditure and private sector output in Nigeria. Taxation has a significant relationship with private sector output in Nigeria. Recurrent expenditure has a significant relationship with private sector output in Nigeria. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 62% of the variations in economic growth can be explain by changes in fiscal policy variables in Nigeria. The study concludes that fiscal policy has a significant relationship with the growth and development of Nigerian economy. The study recommends that more resources should be relocated to productive sectors and increasing and sustaining a spending on the productive sectors of the economy. The study suggested that Nigerian government should put a stop to the incessant unproductive foreign borrowing, wasteful spending and uncontrolled money supply. The government should embark on specific policies aimed at achieving increased and sustainable growth and development in the economy.