bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Self-Regulated Learning in a firstyear PBL course
Authors:   KLE technological University, Hubli – 580031, Amashi Radhika , Baligar Preethi ,   KLE technological University, Hubli – 580031, M. Vijayalakshmi ,   KLE technological University, Hubli – 580031
Published: January 2025

Abstract— Project-based learning or Problem- based learning (PBL) is an effective student-focused, inquiry-driven teaching method which helps in enhancing knowledge acquisition and retention. PBL is identified with 5 principles: Problem identification and analysis, Project organization, Teamwork, Student-centeredness, and Project assessment. For the PBL implementation to be successful, it is important to have the course aligned with these 5 PBL principles. The context of this study is an undergraduate engineering course in its first year called; “Design Thinking for Social Innovation” offered in the author`s university. While the course majorly followed the PBL pedagogy, it lacked student ownership of learning and followed classroom teaching. Therefore, this study aims to promote student ownership of learning and assess its effect on their capacity to self-regulate their learning by developing content for students’ self-study in the online mode. To address the gap, the content of three modules was curated for online access and deliver the sessions in a flipped mode. This online intervention of learning material was offered to 35 students while the remaining 35 students took up the in-person version of the course. Both groups solved societal problems with immersive community engagement. A two-group design was used to study the impact of the intervention. The difference in self-regulated learning was measured using the existing questionnaire administered online at the end of the semester. Quantitative analysis using Mann-Whitney test was performed on the data. Results of the study reveal that statistically significant differences in SRL between the two groups for specific constructs, notably in Monitoring and Evaluation, where the flipped classroom showed an advantage in monitoring skills, while the inperson classroom demonstrated better performance in evaluation and planning skills. However, the faculty experience of conducting the course in flipped mode revealed that students owned their learning, which was evident through in-class discussions. Further, the authors aver that the success of PBL courses, especially at firstyear of undergraduate engineering largely depends on the effort and time the faculty can invest, often beyond scheduled class hours. The authors conclude that that students' capacity to self-regulate their learning was unaffected by the implementation of flipped learning in a course that was already using the PBL format.Further refinement of the flipped PBL approach may be needed to optimize performance across all SRL constructs.

Keywords-Problem-based learning, flipped classroom, design thinking for social innovation, student ownership, PBL principles.
Empowering Engineering Ethics: Integrating Project-Based Learning for Holistic Student Development in VLSI Education
Authors:   Associate Professor of ECE, Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Madhavi Kalasapati Bindu , Mosherani Velicharla ,   Associate Professor of ECE, Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Anadakumar Annavarapu ,   Assistant Professor of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad
Published: January 2025

Abstract— Integrating value education into Electronics and communication engineering program and Electrical and Electronics engineering program is essential for developing students' ethical, social, and emotional maturity, enabling them tonavigate personal and professional scenarios with integrity and empathy. This paper incorporates the PBL into VLSI courses within a value educational framework, that offers a comprehensive approach to student development. It is not only enhances technical proficiency but also cultivates essential life skills and values, promoting engaged learning and holistic growth.Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an effective strategy for achieving this integration, transforming the educational landscape by fostering both technical skills and essential life principles. PBL engages students in hands-on projects that simulate real-world challenges, requiring collaboration, critical thinking, and innovative problem-solving, particularly in the field of VLSI. Thisactive learning approach shifts the educational experience from passive reception to active engagement, allowing students to take control of their learning journey. This approach ultimately prepares socially responsible engineers ready to make positive contributions to society. Engineering ethics plays a crucial role in ensuring that technological advancements benefit society and minimize harm. In VLSI, ethical considerations can affect safety, privacy, and environmental sustainability. Integrating ethics into engineering education equips students to navigate these challengesresponsibly.

Keywords— Integration; Project Based Learning (PBL); Realtime projects; VLSI;
SHAPE: Design and Evaluation of a Transformative Model for Engineering Education
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India, Venkatesh K. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India, Manikumar T. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India, Sudharsan R. Raja ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India, Aravindrajan V. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: January 2025

Abstract— This study presents the implementation and evaluation of the SHAPE (Student-centered, Holistic, Application-oriented, Personalized, and Engaging) framework integrated with Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in a Pattern and Anomaly Detection course for third-year Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning students. The course aimed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in engineering education. Students were organized into 15 groups, focusing on activity recognition in various domains such as human activity, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. The curriculum blended theoretical concepts with hands-on projects using Raspberry Pi kits and IoT sensors. The SHAPE approach created an immersive learning environment centered around real-world problem-solving scenarios. Results showed significant improvements in student performance and engagement. Quantitative assessments revealed a 5% increase in average student performance compared to previous iterations. The course produced 15 live solutions, with one project submitted for patent and eight converted into research publications. Qualitative feedback indicated high levels of student satisfaction, with 85% reporting increased engagement and 90% feeling better prepared for real-world applications. The integration of SHAPE and PBL proved highly effective in enhancing learning outcomes and fostering practical skill development. This innovative model demonstrates potential for broader application in engineering education, addressing the limitations of traditional teaching methods and better preparing students for industry and research roles. Future research should explore the scalability of this approach across different engineering disciplines and assess its long-term impact on students' career trajectories.

Keywords— Problem-Based Learning, SHAPE Framework, Engineering Education, Pattern Recognition, Anomaly Detection, Student Engagement, Real-World Applications, Quality Education, SDG4
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Approach for Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) Course
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu. India., Kabilan Shanmugampillai Jeyarajaguru
Published: January 2025

Abstract—Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a course that provides a foundational understanding of the concepts and methods of computational drug design techniques that are used by the biggest biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the world today. PBL is an instructional methodology in where learners work in teams to find a solution for open-ended problems in order to gain information about specific topics. The aim of this study is to apply PBL model in the CADD course to analyze to what extent this encourages students to engage in group activities which fosters experiential learning and critical thinking and focuses on the course's foundations and applications. The students were asked to form teams and work to solve the problem statement “Pharmacoinformatics based screening of potential drug candidates from Indian medicinal plants against Cancer targets” provided. Mini-project, laboratory examination, manuscript submission, Monograph presentations were part of the course evaluation which were evaluated based on the framed rubrics. The evaluation scores, student outcomes, survey feedback and qualitative testimonies received from students, highlights the positive role of PBL model in knowledge and skill acquisition among students in this course. The exercises were helpful in addressing the following graduate attributes: the ability to identify and solve problems, determine appropriate tools, analyze and interpret data, communicate effectively, and work well in teams were the main outcomes of this course. Further implementations and future studies may bring in additional insights into this model of teaching-learning.

Keywords—Bioinformatics, Education, Drug Design, PBL, Student outcome.
Effectiveness of a PBL Curriculum in Preparing Electrical Engineering Students for Industry through SSDC
Authors:   Associate Professor,Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management,Telangana, Satyanarayana Salava V , Madhavi Pillalamarri ,   Assistant Professor,Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management, Telangana
Published: January 2025

Abstract—In recent days, conventional learning method moving towards the research methodology which approaches to develop industry-relevant curriculum in engineering education that involves Project-based learning. Research question is how SSDC enhances the student skills and how does it meet the demands of current industry?The effectiveness of the course can be improved by designing the course of study by make use of various learning’s through projects associated with academics. Researchers commended the need to develop competency models for each occupation or job, so as to define graduated students’ successful performance in a particular area of work through their technical knowledge to reach industry competencies. This represents the enhancing in traditional method research by implementing various Project-based learning strategies in inclusion to academics as per the industrial stipulation through Student Skill Development Center.

Keywords—Academic-Industry, Project-Based Learning, Student Skill Development Centre, Real world Engineering.
Increasing the efficiency of energy infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Byk Felix , Ivanova Elizaveta ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Ilyushin Pavel ,   Energy Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Myshkina Lyudmila ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: January 2025

The article substantiates the use of modern technologies to improve the efficiency of electric power generation. The methodology of system approach, methods of system analysis and nonlinear programming, mathematical model of mini-CHP have been used. In the conditions of gasification of Russian regions the inclusion of small capacity cogenera-tion plants into the energy infrastructure of small and medium-sized cities (SMSС) is substantiated, among which the gas piston technology has priority. It is shown that the efficiency of mini-CHPs is determined by the proximity of the source to the place of consumption and high efficiency of CHPs, the value of which increases more than twice in the presence of demand for heat energy supplied by CHPs. The article proposes technical means and methods to increase the economic and technical efficiency of power generation at cogeneration power plant and shows the feasibility of their joint work to improve the economic efficiency, reliability and environmental friendliness of the SMSC energy in-frastructure. The creation of an efficient energy infrastructure will ensure conditions for socio-economic development in SMSC by increasing the competitiveness of businesses and life. The results of the study confirm the validity of combin-ing cogeneration power plant with electric and thermal energy storage, as well as electric boilers and absorption refrigera-tion machines. This integrated approach can be applied to the development of heating schemes for municipalities.
Investigating the process of electric power generation from generator gas obtained by solid wastes processing
Authors:   Platov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Bezuglov Roman , Volovikov Vitaliy ,   Platov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Papin Vladimir ,   Platov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Belov Alexander ,   Platov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Dyakonov Evgeniy ,   Platov South Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Mikhaylov Vladimir ,   The Taganrog Boiler-Making Works “Krasny Kotelshchik” (TKZ)
Published: January 2025

The article presents the analysis of the increase in electric power generation when adding the generator gas obtained by processing of solid waste to the main project fuel (coal and natural gas). Electric energy increase is caused by the in-crease in efficiency of TPP-210A steam boiler at joint combustion of coal (Donetsk anthracite culm) and generator gas obtained by thermal gasification of wastes. Preliminary software modelling of the thermal gasification process at its various parameters and types of oxidant has been carried out. Modelling of the gasification process was carried out in the “Technolog” programme. The equilibrium composition of products (including solid carbon) of gas generation was calculated based on the criterion of the minimum value of isobaric-isothermal potential - Gibbs energy. The Peng-Robinson model for non-ideal (real) gas components was used for calculation of gasification process parameters. A number of calculations of TPP-210A boiler at changing the thermal fraction of generator gas in the fuel mixture from zero to 50 % has been carried out. The tables of the main indicators of the boiler operation are made, conclusions being made about the expediency of using the generator gas from waste processing as a fuel of the power boiler. The main influence on the boiler efficiency is the value of the thermal fraction of the generator gas in the fuel mixture. It is noted, that in those variants of combinations of fuels use, in which the general efficiency of the boiler falls, the general eco-nomic expediency of power unit operation increases, as the wastes have essentially less cost, than the project solid fuel (at the estimated calculations - 40 % cheaper than traditional solid fuel).
Mental states of a university teacher as a predictor of innovative resistance
Authors: Avakyan Inna B.
Published: January 2025

In the context of socio-economic transformations, the need for psychological and pedagogical support of the professional activities of a university teacher is becoming more urgent in order to overcome psychotraumatic events that determine emotional stress in conditions of high intensity of pedagogical work. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the indicators of the psychological state and the level of pedagogical conservatism of a university teacher. The respondents of the study were 1,754 university teachers from Samara, Ulyanovsk, Yekaterinburg, Bashkortostan aged 25 to 65 years, of which 70 % were women, 30 % were men with teaching experience from 10 to 40 years (average age M = 42,3; SD = 8,7). A correlation relationship was found between the indicators of pedagogical conservatism and the psychological state of a university teacher. Factors (asthenic states, professional failure, professional stagnation) contributing to the emergence of pedagogical conservatism were discovered. A linear relationship was established between the indicators of psychological state and the level of pedagogical conservatism of a university teacher. A statistically significant Cohen’s d-coefficient of indicators (gender, age, length of service, anxiety, frustration, aggression, rigidity) for the levels of pedagogical conservatism was revealed. The results of the empirical study can be used in the process of psychological support of the professional activities of a university teacher to develop a program for the prevention of negative mental states as a condition for overcoming pedagogical conservatism.
Youth technical competitions as an element of the career guidance system
Authors: Morozov Vitaliy V.
Published: January 2025

The issues of professional choice in favor of a technical specialty are acute in the current situation with the Russian economy. This paper presents a scientific study aimed at identifying an element of the career guidance system – youth technical competitions. Consideration of the issue of vocational guidance of schoolchildren through technical competitions was carried out using methods of theoretical analysis of pedagogical literature, methodological experience of competitive work with young people and analysis of relevant competitive events over the past year. During the study of the problem, issues related to the career choice of students in favor of technical specialties are identified and arguments are given for the effectiveness of youth participation in professional skill competitions in order to choose technical specialties. An analysis of the experience of work on youth orientation shows successful interaction with vocational schools, universities and enterprises through technical competitions.
Modern textbook in the eyes of students: pros and cons
Authors: Antonova Ksenia N. , Gorokhova Natalia E. , Mayevskaya Vera A.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the research is explained by the need to create an English language textbook for undergraduates of the university of economics. The paper is based on the results of an experiment to study the views of non-linguistic university students about a basic English textbook. The paper analyzes the problems on the necessity to study the effectiveness of a textbook, taking into account students’ own vision. The requirements for a modern language textbook in a non-linguistic university are considered due to the changes in the course duration (3–4 semesters), the number of hours of classroom and independent work. The main goal of the study is to identify the motives of modern students in learning a foreign language, their interest and motivation to use a basic English textbook. Some parts of the questionnaire are presented, on the basis of which the entire range of student opinions about the structure, content, selection and effectiveness of exercises and assignments in the textbook was studied. Methods for conducting research to collect information from respondents – 1st and 2nd year students – are described. The result analysis of a group survey of students and individual conversations with them is given. Conclusions are made on possible approaches to creating an optimal textbook that serves as a means of solving methodological problems. Recommendations are given for text, tasks and exercises selection complying with the new opportunities provided by modern science and technology. The material in the paper is for teachers, postgraduates and anyone who is interested in issues of foreign language education in a modern non-linguistic university.
Students’ adaptation to future professional engineering activity
Authors: Yusupova Olga V. , Sheyder Aleksey D.
Published: January 2025

The central idea of the research is the concept of «adaptation of students’ adaptation to professional engineering activity during various historical periods and the possible development of this concept in the educational space. The aim of the study is to clarify the concept of students’ adaptation to future professional engineering activity in post-industrial society. The authors trace the historical aspect of the development and analyze the concept in question over different historical periods, including the present time. Using a comprehensive analysis, the authors examine various aspects of the contemporary understanding of professional adaptation, namely cognitive, activity-based, socio-psychological, moral, and psychophysiological ones, and develop a concept structure of students’ adaptation professional activity. Attention is drawn to the importance of adaptability development and the necessity of designing a relevant model for this development is justified.
Implementation of NATO standards in military education
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Grydchyna Viktoriia
Published: January 2025

B a c k g r o u n d . To implement Ukraine's strategic course on joining NATO, it is necessary to achieve a high level of interoperability of the Armed Forces and other defense forces with the relevant structures of NATO member states as soon as possible. Implementing NATO approaches to forming the structure and content of the military education system is gaining special relevance. In the list of measures for the implementation of the Concept of transformation of military education, the achievement of interoperability is implemented through the implementation of the requirements of the Bi-SC Education and Individual Training Directive (E&ITD) 075-007 (hereinafter – Directive (E&ITD) 075-007) in the educational activities of military educational institutions. The aim is to identify the main processes and products necessary for integrating Ukraine's professional military education into the alliance's educational system.

M e t h o d s . The method of system analysis was applied: materials dedicated to transforming military education in Ukraine in the scientific and information fields were analyzed. The main focus was on analyzing the provisions of Directive (E&ITD) 075-007, which, in accordance with the Concept of transformation of military education, should be implemented in the educational process in 2024.

R e s u l t s . Implementing NATO standards in the military education system involves creating programs of professional military education, in accordance with procedures outlined in NATO documents. Directive (E&ITD) 075-007 is a key document that regulates education and training in the Alliance. The directive sets requirements for educational programs and individual training, and describes the procedure for developing new courses ("education decisions"). It also establishes quality standards and procedures for assessing educational activities, and describes the accreditation (certification) procedure for educational programs.

C o n c l u s i o n s . The swift implementation of the systemic approach of NATO in military personnel training will create conditions for further accreditation (certification) of NATO programs/courses of professional military education. In Ukraine, a multi-level system of L-courses is already being implemented, and professional standards of military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are being developed. To successfully implement NATO standards in educational activities, it is necessary to prepare both the leadership of the military institution and the instructional/scientificpedagogical staff. Preparation can be conducted through courses or training sessions.
FORMATION OF NEW CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MODELS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE CURRENT GLOBAL COST OF LIVING CRISIS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Krykun V.A.
Published: January 2025

The article examines one of the most influential contemporary global drivers of international business – the cost of living crisis – and its impact on modern consumer behavior models. It explores the trend of economic growth slowdown, the dynamics and forecast of inflationary fluctuations, and the consumer price index in the world and Ukraine. The author identifies three new consumer segments that have emerged over the past two years under the influence of the global cost of living crisis: Budget–conscious customers, Cost and value-savers, and Now-or-never customers. The article examines the behavior models and savings methods of these consumer groups, which have gained particular popularity worldwide over the past two years, specifically, the BNPL model, reorientation to cheaper retailers or substitute goods, transition to popular private labels and duplicate goods of well-known brands in the middle to lower price segment, the influence and rise of deinfluencers on social media, bundle-and-save models, monthly or annual subscribe-and-save plans, referral bonuses, loyalty programs, and more. Several examples of such international and Ukrainian companies, like Shein, Pinduoduo, Temu, and Avrora, are analyzed. By focusing on the peculiarities of consumer behavior influenced by the cost of living crisis, these companies successfully compete in the market with well-known brands and increase their customer base each month.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSES OF A PUSH-PULL DC-DC CONVERTER WITH A PI-REGULATOR
Authors: Andriyanov Alexey Ivanovitch
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: The analysis of the frequency responses of pulse-width converters is necessary at the stage of their design in order to ensure their stability. The most accurate results can be achieved using nonlinear dynamic mathematical models of such systems. Today, the construction of the frequency response of pulse-width converters is carried out using models created in the existing software that uses numerical methods for solving systems of differential equations to calculate electromagnetic processes, which leads to the accumulation of errors in the calculation of time dependencies, and also requires significant computer time to obtain the result, so the development of a mathematical model that eliminates these shortcomings is an urgent task.
AIMS: Develop a nonlinear dynamic mathematical model of a DC/DC converter with a closed automatic control system with feedback on the output voltage when exposed to measuring signals from a frequency response analyzer.
METHODS: The methods of mathematical modeling of electronic circuits and the theory of differential equations were used. The frequency characteristics were calculated using a program written using the C++ language. The results obtained using the proposed mathematical model were also compared with the results obtained using the model in MatLab Simulink and using analytical expressions.
RESULTS: A mathematical description of electromagnetic processes in a push-pull bridge DC/DC converter on the interval of invariance of the structure of the power section in analytical form is given. Nonlinear transcendental equations are also given, allowing to calculate the moments of switching the circuit valves. The frequency responses were calculated using the proposed mathematical model and a comparative analysis was carried out with the frequency responses obtained using other methods and the correctness of the developed model was confirmed. Thus, it is shown that the calculation speed increased more than five times compared to the calculation carried out using the MatLab Simulink model.
CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this work allow for large-scale studies of the frequency responses of push-pull DC-DC converters at an acceptable calculation speed. The calculation program based on the developed model can be implemented in any high-level language, as well as in the built-in MatLab language.
A novel fault diagnosis model for rolling bearings in electric drive systems using multi-scale improved weighted permutation entropy and radial basis function neural network
Authors: Yue Cong , Dong Jiabin , Zhu Yu , Wang Bei , Cheng Ping
Published: January 2025

The operational environment of rolling bearings in electric drive systems (EDSs) is highly complex, necessitating effective fault monitoring. However, due to the limited computing power in vehicles, conventional high-quality vibration sensors are rarely employed for monitoring. The
weighting method of permutation entropy (PE) has been enhanced in this study to improve the stability of fault diagnosis. A novel method for extracting fault features named composite multi-scale improved weighted permutation entropy (CMIWPE) has been proposed. The study presents a novel fault
diagnosis model that includes a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), demonstrating its validated capability and stability in fault diagnosis using public datasets available from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). A subsequent bearing fault experiment for EDSs is conducted using
a laboratory test-bench to validate the identification features of three typical bearing faults. The utilisation of machine learning for fault prediction demonstrates remarkable accuracy and stability. The results unequivocally indicate that the enhanced weighting method exhibits superior
stability. The composite multi-scale improved weighted permutation entropy-radial basis function neural network (CMIWPE-RBFNN) consistently maintains a stable diagnostic capability for subtle faults, exhibiting an approximate accuracy rate of 95%.
Reflection of circularly polarized light from a CdS semiconductor crystal near the exciton resonance taking into account spatial dispersion
Authors: Yatsyshen Valeriy V. , Borodina Irina I.
Published: January 2025

Background. The study of materials using polarized radiation allows one to obtain additional information about the properties of the material due to the vector nature of the electromagnetic field. In this regard, the most widely used method is the ellipsometric method for analyzing the optical properties of materials. The use of circularly polarized light carries additional information due to the change in the polarization ellipse upon reflection. Aim. The paper presents the results of calculations of the frequency and angular spectra of the ellipsometric parameters of reflected light for a CdS semiconductor crystal near the exciton resonance, taking into account spatial dispersion. Methods. Spatial dispersion leads to the appearance of additional waves in the medium, which requires the use of additional boundary conditions to uniquely solve the problem of light reflection from such a medium. From Maxwell’s equations a dispersion equation is derived, which in the case of p-polarized radiation leads to the existence of three waves, one of which is longitudinal. Taking into account the complete system of boundary conditions, the problem of reflection and transmission is solved. Results. It is shown that ellipsometric parameters are highly sensitive to the characteristics of a medium with spatial dispersion and can serve to interpret experimental data. It was found that when circularly polarized light is reflected from a medium with spatial dispersion, the nature of the polarization ellipse can change from left-handed circular to right-handed elliptical polarization, which can serve as an additional source of information about the semiconductor crystal near the exciton resonance. Conclusion. The use of the ellipsometric method in conjunction with elliptically polarized radiation makes it possible to study media with spatial dispersion in more detail.
Model calculation of a radio communication line based on remote sensing data
Authors: Albuzov Andrey T. , Shakhov Pavel E. , Filatov Vladimir I.
Published: January 2025

Background. In the process of functioning of modern complexes and specialized equipment in conditions of direct visibility between radio facilities, data transmission is not always possible, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the data transmission system and increases the time to search for new locations for transceivers. The reason for this problem may lie in the peculiarities of the terrain, which has an interference and diffraction effect on the propagation of the radio signal. At the same time, analysis and a digital terrain model from earth remote sensing data and the implementation of automated calculations based on it to find the best coordinates in terms of electromagnetic compatibility in the required areas may be of significant interest for solving this problem. Aim. The main purpose of the work is determined by the need to develop algorithms and software implementation of the tool, which will eventually allow, given the characteristics of the hardware, to promptly and adequately analyze the possibility and evaluate the parameters for organizing stable radio communications even at the planning stage using interactive satellite maps. Methods. The article presents the developed algorithms and screenshots of the implementation of the program for calculating the interference effect of the relief, taking into account the underlying surface in the radio communication interval. Results. The results of the program implementation are presented, which calculate the essential propagation zone of the radio signal in accordance with the radio frequency, classifies the channel depending on the presence of terrain obstacles in the essential zone, determines the reflection point on the radio path according to the principle of equality of angles of incidence and reflection and verifies its belonging to the directions of antenna diagrams, takes into account the reflection coefficient at the underlying surface of a water body at the reflection point and calculates the amount of interference losses. Conclusion. A program has been developed that allows you to determine the intensity of the emitter field at any point of the terrain, taking into account obstacles.
Comparative analysis of elementwise reception-algorithms in intersymbol interference channels
Authors: Khabarov Eugene O. , Martyshenko Vladimir D.
Published: January 2025

Background. Many modern communication-systems work on channels with intersymbol interference. Therefore comparative analysis of elementwise reception-algorithms is topical by work in such channels. Aim. The Aim of this work is qualitative properties of suboptimal demodulators on maximum-likelihood-rule based and demodulators on linear equalizers based. Methods. The method of simulation computer modeling was used for acquisition these qualitative properties. By modeling the models of one-path as well as multi-path channels by how specific keying rate (faster than Nyquist-rate) were used. Results. Optimal and suboptimal sorting-algorithms as well as algorithms on linear equalizer based were consider. The qualitative properties on simulation computer modeling based were received. Conclusion. The results of simulation modeling reveal, what decision feed-back noise immunity is improved, in spite of error extension. The demodulators, on linear equalizer based, have comparable qualitative properties with sorting demodulators. Herewith the positive impact of decision feed-back was observed.
Solving geocryology problems based on generalized Fourier theory for temperature waves in half-space
Authors: Afanasyev Anatoliy M. , Bakhracheva Yulia S.
Published: January 2025

Background. Currently, in geocryology, to predict seasonal changes in the state of frozen rocks and soils, Fourier formulas obtained earlier are widely used, modeling temperature fluctuations in the surface layer of the earth’s crust caused by annual fluctuations in its surface temperature. A significant drawback of this approach to modeling is manifested in the fact that in reality the state of the medium is characterized not only by the temperature field, but also by the moisture content field, which Fourier theory does not contain. Aim. It is required to generalize the Fourier problem known in mathematical physics on fluctuations of the temperature field in half-space by introducing into consideration, along with the temperature field, the moisture content field and taking into account the phenomena of evaporation and condensation associated with this field. Methods. Within the framework of A.V. Lykov’s theory, a spatially one-dimensional mathematical model of the processes of heat and moisture propagation in a homogeneous half-space, the boundary of which is in a state of heat and mass exchange with an airless medium, has been developed. By the method of complex amplitudes, formulas are obtained for time-asymptotic fluctuations in temperature and moisture content in a material filling a half-space, provided that the air temperature changes according to a harmonic law, and water vapor, both near the surface of the material and outside the boundary layer, is in a state close to saturation. Results. According to the results obtained, the temperature field is represented by a superposition of two damped harmonic waves, which have the same frequency, but different attenuation coefficients and phase velocities. The moisture retention field has the same structure. For a material with clay characteristics and with specific values of all the process-defining quantities for each of the waves, the depth of penetration and the delay time of vibrations at a given depth relative to fluctuations in air temperature are calculated, and the results obtained are compared with experimental data. Conclusion. The proposed solution and the following conclusions from it are the development of Fourier studies known in the literature on fluctuations in the temperature field in the surface layer of the Earth’s crust and are valid only in a situation when the material does not contain moisture, and according to the harmonic law, the temperature of the surface of the material does not change. The results of the work can be used in geocryology as a theoretical tool for modeling seasonal fluctuations in the thermal state of frozen rocks and soils.
Investigating the Status of Non-Communicable Diseases and Dietary Patterns of Patients with Lipid Disorders in Alvand City
Authors: Tiemori Tahereh , Ajami Marjan , Shakerian Sareh , Abdollahi Morteza
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Evidence shows that blood lipid disorders in people are influenced by their unhealthy diet. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the dietary pattern of people with lipid disorders and the status of non-communicable diseases in the studied population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with lipid disorders. The participants were selected among people with lipids who referred to comprehensive health service centers in Alvand city by multistage sampling method. The data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The findings were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Three dietary patterns including healthy, unhealthy and average were identified in the research participants. Most people (66.3%) followed a moderate dietary pattern. Also, 85% of people were overweight or obese. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that an unhealthy eating pattern increases the likelihood of developing diseases by 2.267 times compared to a healthy eating pattern. It also showed that with increasing age, the probability of contracting the disease increases by 1.093. Also, there was a significant relationship between food pattern and education level (P<0.05). In this study, there was no significant relationship between age, marital status of people and their food pattern (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that people who follow an unhealthy food pattern have more non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it seems that modifying the food pattern through nutrition education is appropriate and can be effective in preventing other non-communicable diseases in the future.
The Prevalence of Depression Among Students with Nursing Major in Iran Using the Beck Questionnaire: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Isfahani Parvaneh , Sarani Mohammad , Samani Somayeh , Bazi Aliyeh , Hosseini Zare Seyedeh Masoumeh , Sadr Ahmad Siar , Hosseini Maryam Sadat , Hosseini Zare Seyedeh Mahboobeh
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders among students associated with a major decline in academic and social performance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of depression in Iran's nursing students.
Methods: the research was conducted as a systematic review and meta analysis, all published scientific articles related to the prevalence of depression in nursing students were searched in 5 databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran) and Google Scholar search engine and then their quality was evaluated. The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index and meta-regression model to evaluate heterogeneity-prone variables at a significance level of 0.05. Ultimately, 9 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study and were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.
Results: Based on the random model, the prevalence of depression in Iranian nursing students was equal to 3.2% (2.1 – 4.5; 95% confidence level). Results showed that the highest prevalence of depression in nursing students was 6.2% (5.3-7.1; 95% confidence limit) in Sistan and Balochestan province in 2004, while the lowest prevalence was 0.8% (0.5-1.2; confidence limit 95%) in Esfahan and Qom provinces in 2016. Also, there was a significant relationship between the calendar year, sample size, average age, and prevalence of depression in Iranian nursing students (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of depression in nursing students was 3.2%, which decreased with the increase of the calendar year and average age. Nevertheless, policymakers and managers must take measures to reduce depression.
Different Types of Migration among Skilled Medical Professionals
Authors: Haghdoost Aliakbar , Emadi Samira , Bazrafshan Azam
Published: January 2025

The migration of elites has become a major challenge worldwide. In Iran, in recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of immigrants. Migration often occurs in different ways including educational migration within geographical borders, field migration, experts avoiding professional activities, and forced or semi-forced migration. Due to the fact that each form of migration can lead to diverse problems, it is imperative to pay attention to the nature and complications of each type of migration in the discussion of human resources management.
Assessment of technogenic pollution by silver compounds on the biological properties of the soil (Model experiment)
Authors: Minnikova Tatiana , Tsepina Natalia , Kolesnikov Sergey , Evstegneeva Natalia , Kuzina Anna
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Silver (Ag) has increasingly become one of the priority pollutants of soils, which is accompanied by a number of consequences for humans and soil biota. To fully assess the effects of the entry of different chemical forms of Ag into soils, it is necessary to conduct experiments with different types of soils, different exposure periods, as well as a wide range of biological indicators. The purpose of the study is to assess technogenic pollution by silver compounds (silver oxide (Ag2O) and nitrate (AgNO3)) on the biological properties of the soil in model experiment of the soil in a model experiment, followed by the use of the data obtained in the normalization of the Ag content in the soil.
Materials and methods: The effect of Ag2O and AgNO3 was investigatedin specific permissible concentrations of biological indicators of the state of Haplic Chernozems Calcic (HCC), Haplic Cambisols Eutric (HCE) and Haplic Arenosols Eutric (HAE). Ecotoxicity was assessed by the degree of changes in the indicators of enzymatic activity, microbiological and phytotoxic indicators of soils 10, 30 and 90 days after contamination. Activity of catalase it was determined gasometrically, dehydrogenases, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, ferrireductase, ascorbatoxidase, phosphatase, invertase, urease, protease was determined photocolorimetrically, the total number of bacteria by luminescent method, Azotobacter sp. abundance by the method of fouling lumps on the Ashby medium, length of shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) morphometrically.
Results: It was revealed that Ag ecotoxicity was determined by the content of Ag in the soil, its form, the period from the moment of contamination and soil type. In most cases, AgNO3 had a stronger ecotoxic effect on biological parameters. Phosphatase activity and number of soil bacteria are the most sensitive indicators. The activity of invertase, urease, dehydrogenases and Azotobacter sp. abundance are the most informative indicators.
Conclusion: Abundance is the most informative indicator. The results obtained to assess the ecotoxicity of soils contaminated with Ag, as well as the identified sensitive and informative indicators, can be used for diagnosis and as an indicator of the ecological state of soils.
Effects of short and long-term exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in indoor environment air on human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afrasiabi Sedighe , Darglu Marzieh Fatahi , Mohammadi Younes , Leili Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Today, because of the increasing level of people's need to improve well- being in social and individual life, air pollutants have been released that have Pollution harms both human health and the environment. This research examined Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) levels in indoor air across different global locations from 1963 to 2023. The investigation employed both; a systematic review and meta-analysis method. The health risks associated with long and short-terms exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were assessed. That average concentration benzene was 23.07 μg⁄m3, toluene was 131.60, ethylbenzene was 28.91, and xylene was 63.87. Also, the health risk assessment based on a 95% confidence level showed that the pollutants in question play a role in causing diseases such as lung neoplasm, stomach neoplasm, colon neoplasm, liver neoplasm, headache, dizziness, nausea, insomnia, etc. Consequently, it is crucial to implement stringent measures aimed at lowering the levels of these contaminants in indoor spaces.