bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography utilizing a buffered swept source laser
Authors: Golde Jonas , Kirsten Lars , Koch Edmund
Published: September 2017

We present an approach for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) that solely requires a modification of the light source, a buffered swept source laser. For this purpose a single-mode fiber-based Fourier domain mode locked laser is extended by fourfold buffering with manual fiber polarization controllers to emit alternating sweep polarizations, while the polarization contrast calibration is realized by a high-speed polarimeter. As the introduced setup utilizes standard scanning and detection units, the proposed method is a promising way to enhance various swept source OCT systems by polarization sensitive imaging. Preliminary measurements of a human finger nail with different polarization contrasts demonstrate the feasibility of the concept.
INNOLAB- image guided surgery and therapy lab
Authors: Fritzsche Holger , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael
Published: September 2017

Incremental innovation, something better or cheaper or more effective, is the standard innovation process for medical product development. Disruptive innovation is often not recognized as disruptive, because it very often starts as a simple and easy alternative to existing products with much reduced features and bad performance. Innovation is the invention multiplied with a commercial use, or in other words something that eventually provides a value to a clinical user or patient. To create such innovation not a technology push (technology delivered from a technical need perspective) but rather a pull (by learning and working with the clinical users) is required. Medical technology students need to understand that only through proper observation, procedure know-how and subsequent analysis and evaluation, clinically relevant and affordable innovation can be generated and possibly subsequently used for entrepreneurial ventures. The dedicated laboratory for innovation, research and entrepreneurship- INNOLAB ego.-INKUBATOR IGT (Image Guided Therapies) is financed by the state of Sachsen-Anhalt as part of the European ego.-INKUBATOR program with (EFRE funds) at the university clinic operated by the technical chair for catheter technologies and image guided surgeries. It forms a network node between medicine, research and economics. It teaches students to lead innovation processes, technology transfer to the user and is designed to stimulate the start-up intentions.
Electrical interventricular delay and left ventricular delay in right ventricular pacemaker pacing before upgrading to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Heinke Matthias , Dannberg Gudrun , Heinke Tobias , Hörth Johannes , Kühnert Helmut
Published: September 2017

Cardiac resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacing is an established therapy for heart failure patients with sinus rhythm, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and electrical ventricular desynchronization. The aim of the study was to evaluate electrical interventricular delay and left ventricular delay in right ventricular pacemaker pacing before upgrading to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart failure patients with right ventricular pacing, DDD pacemaker, DDD defibrillator and 24.5 ± 4.9 % left ventricular ejection fraction were measured by surface ECG and transesophageal bipolar left ventricular ECG before upgrading to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Interventricular and intraventricular desynchronization in right ventricular pacemaker pacing were 228.2 ± 44.8ms QRS duration, 86.5 ± 32.8ms interventricular delay and 94.4 ± 23.8ms left ventricular delay. Cardiac resynchronization therapy was optimized by impedance cardiography. Transesophageal electrical interventricular delay and left ventricular delay in right ventricular pacemaker pacing may be additional useful ventricular desynchronization parameters to improve patient selection for upgrading right ventricular pacemaker pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Considerations on employing a PMQ-doublet for narrow and broad proton energy distributions
Authors: Rösch Thomas F. , Hilz Peter , Bin Jianhui , Englbrecht Franz , Gao Ying , Haffa Daniel , Hartmann Jens , Herr Sebastian , Lindner Florian H. , Speicher Martin , Würl Matthias , Parodi Katia , Schreiber Jörg
Published: September 2017

We simulated a doublet of permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) to estimate the sensitivity on positioning precision and its impact on the spectral properties of transported protons. The study guided the construction and testing of a focusing setup for laser-accelerated proton bunches with energies between 6 and 10 MeV. Our results shed light on possible applications that may arise from broad input particle spectra.
Planning strategies and practical implementation of the cardiac dose reduction in the left-side breast irradiation with the deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) method
Authors: Wagner Linda , Koch Thomas , Fahrig Antje
Published: September 2017

Background: Despite of the use of tangential beam directions during the irradiation of mammary carcinomas, a dose reduction of the heart cannot always be achieved. This is decivise for the increased risk of heart diseases and the associated mortality. Especially affected is the cardiac apex. However, by using respiratory gated treatment techniques, like the deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH), a dose sparing of this area can be reached.

Material and Methods: The Elekta ABC system was used to control the respiratory stop of early staged breast cancer patients. The treatment planning was implemented by a 3D and VMAT technique. The focus was the optimization of irradiation plans and the evaluation of the respective dose exposure to the heart, the left ventricle and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD artery). A planning concept of 28 x 2,25 Gy in the SIB and 28 x 1,8 Gy in the left breast was used.

Results: The results showed that a dose reduction of 30-40% in mean and maximal in all structures is possible by using the VMAT technique in combination with the ABC system. In the case of 3D irradiation planning, a substantial relief can only be seen at the mean dose exposure of approximately 50%. Also, only a maximum dose reduction of 13% could be achieved.

Conclusion: The mean dose reduction was mainly achieved by the increased distance between the heart and the thorax wall. The maximum dose was reduced by the volumentric optimization algortihm of the VMAT and the resulting steeper dose fall-off at the inner thoracic wall. Due to the lack of this optimization and thus the greater dose drop, the maximum dose of the 3D plans could only reduced by 13%.
Transient supplementation of growth factor TGF-β1 effectively initiates chondrogenic redifferentiation of human chondrocytes
Authors: Hiemer Bettina , Achenbach Kathleen , Pasold Juliane , Wree Andreas , Bader Rainer
Published: September 2017

Cartilage tissue is avascular with less regeneration potential and therefore, cartilage regeneration is still a major challenge for therapeutic approaches. Commonly used treatment strategies involve the transplantation of autologous chondrocytes into the defect. Before that, it is required to increase the cell number in vitro resulting in unwanted chondrocyte dedifferentiation. This could impair subsequent tissue regeneration. Both growth factors TGF-ß1 and IGF-1 are used as strong inducer of chondrogenic redifferentiation, however, a controlled application of TGF-ß1 is essential to avoid adverse effects. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the time-dependent influence of TGF-ß1 administration on chondrocyte redifferentiation.

Human chondrocytes were embedded in alginate and cultured in serum-free DMEM containing ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, ITSTM and IGF-1. TGF-β1 was supplemented for 3, 7 and 21 days. Afterwards, cell viability and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was analyzed by histological staining.

Live/dead staining of chondrocytes incubated with TGF-β1 for 21 days displayed an enhanced proliferation and formation of cell clusters resulting in excessive outgrowth of fibroblastic-like cells. However, exposure to TGF-β1 over only 7 days caused also cell clustering with moderate cell proliferation. Additionally, after 21 days of cultivation proteoglycan synthesis was identified by alcian blue staining after both TGF-β1 supplementation for 21 and also 7 days. Aggrecan was also detected in the periphery of the cell clusters after TGF-β1 incubation for only 7 days. Chondrocytes lacked proteoglycan expression after three-day TGF-β1 administration.

We could show, that prolonged administration of TGF-β1 results in massive proliferation of chondrocytes which is accompanied by cell outgrowth. We found that TGF-ß1 exposure for seven days is sufficient for achievement of cell clustering without excessive cell proliferation, which is important for inducing subsequent chondrogenic differentiation. Results indicate that even an initial TGF-β1 administration could be sufficient for inducing chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
Myocardial T2
* mapping at ultrahigh magnetic fields: in vivo myocardial tissue characteri-zation and assessment of cardiac physiology with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Huelnhagen Till , Flemming Bert , Seeliger Erdmann , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Niendorf Thoralf
Published: September 2017

Mapping the effective transverse relaxation time T2
* represents an emerging MRI tool for non-invasive myocardial tissue characterization and holds the promise to provide means for assessing myocardial (patho)physiology in vivo. This work takes advantage of the linear increase of susceptibility effects with magnetic field strength which renders it appealing to perform T2
* mapping at ultrahigh magnetic fields and enables temporally resolved T2
* mapping. Recognizing this potential this study examines the applicability of myocardial CINE T2
* mapping in healthy volunteers and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients at 7.0 Tesla and investigates its capability to distinguish between healthy myocardium and myocardium affected by HCM.
Technical characterization of an 8 or 16 channel recording system to acquire electrocorticograms of mice
Authors: Englert Robert , Rupp Fabienne , Kirchhoff Frank , Koch Klaus Peter , Schweigmann Michael
Published: September 2017

When performing electrocorticography, reliable recordings of bioelectrical signals are essential for signal processing and analysis. The acquisition of cellular electrical activity from the brain surface of mice requires a system that is able to record small signals within a low frequency range. This work presents a recording system with self-developed software and shows the result of a technical characterization in combination with self-developed electrode arrays to measure electrocorticograms of mice.
Op-amp based low noise amplifier for magnetic particle spectroscopy
Authors: Malhotra Ankit , Buzug Thorsten
Published: September 2017

Magnetic particle spectrometry (MPS) is a novel technique used to measure the magnetization response of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Therefore, it is one of the most important tools for the characterization of the SPIONs for imaging modalities such as magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In MPS, change in the particle magnetization induces a voltage in a dedicated receive coil. The amplitude of the signal can be very low (ranging from a few nV to 100 μV) depending upon the concentration of the nanoparticles. Hence, the received signal needs to be amplified with a low noise amplifier (LNA). LNA’s paramount task is to amplify the received signal while keeping the noise induced by its own circuitry minimum. In the current research, we purpose modeling, design, and development of a prototyped LNA for MPS. The designed prototype LNA is based on the parallelization technique of Op-amps. The prototyped LNA consists of 16 Op-amps in parallel and is manufactured on a printed circuit board (PCB), with a size of 110.38 mm × 59.46 mm and 234 components. The input noise of the amplifier is approx. 546 pV/√Hz with a noise figure (NF) of approx. 1.4 dB with a receive coil termination. Furthermore, a comparison between the prototyped LNA and a commercially available amplifier is shown.
Miniature CNT-based X-ray tube: assessment for use in intraoperative radiation therapy
Authors: Mahmoud-Pashazadeh Ali , Illanes Alfredo , Joseph Fredrick Johnson , van Oepen Alexander , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael
Published: September 2017

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a new technology used to generate gamma photons in X-ray tubes. CNTs, in comparison to other small X-ray sources, produce high X-ray intensities and as they are not based on a thermionic principle they considered cold electron sources with a very high conversion of electrical to photon energy. Their small size and other interesting properties could make them feasible for use in intraoperative radiation therapy applications. In this study, physical characteristics of the photon beam generated by the CNT-based X-ray source were assessed. A soft X-ray ionization chamber and a flat panel detector was used to measure dose and photon counts, respectively. The repetitively produced pulses had almost the same photon intensities with differences of less than 1% between them. For a typical selected pulse, the variation in the pulse amplitude was also insignificant, which shows a stable radiation exposure of the tube during the ON-mode. When moving from the center of the beam profile to the lateral distance of 25 mm, both intensity profile and dose profile showed a falling trend by a factor of almost 3 in the measured values.

We also tested the miniature tube with our novel radiation beam shaping collimator designed for a possible application to treat larynx tumor, which showed the possibility of interventional radiation therapy using this miniature source. An endoscopic camera attached to the system can also make it possible to optically visualize the radiation exposed area.

In conclusion, CNT-based X-ray source with suitable attached collimator to shape the beam of the source, seems to provide an opportunity to deliver radiation to a desired tumor area in minimally invasive image guided medical procedures mainly in the normal cavities of the body.
Comparison of treatment plans calculated by Ray Tracing and Monte Carlo algorithms for head and thorax radiotherapy with Cyberknife
Authors: Galonske Kirsten , Thiele Martin , Ernst Iris , Lehrke Ralph , Zylka Waldemar
Published: September 2017

This study investigates differences between treatment plans generated by Ray Tracing (RT) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculation algorithms in homogeneous and heterogeneous body regions. Particularly, we focus on the head and on the thorax, respectively, for robotic stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery with Cyberknife. Radiation plans for tumors located in the head and in the thorax region have been calculated and compared to each other in 47 cases and several tumor types.

Assuming MC as the algorithm of highest accuracy it is shown that based on selected dose parameters, RT slightly underestimates the dose in homogeneous regions and overestimates in heterogeneous regions. In addition, deviations occur due to tumor size rendering large differences for small tumors. We conclude that dose prescriptions for radiotherapy treatments should differentiate between RT and MC calculation algorithm. This is especially important for small tumors in heterogeneous body regions.
Analysis of the in-vivo GABAB receptor relocalization and oligomerization in chronic pain conditions using spatial intensity distribution analysis
Authors: Bienzeisler Jonas , Landry Marc , Llorente Alberto , Hüttmann Gereon
Published: September 2017

The response to the synaptic release of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system is mediated by the GABAB receptor, inter alia dependent on the formation of receptor oligomers. Spatial intensity distribution analysis (SpIDA) is an image analysis method measuring the oligomerization and density of proteins. It was used to quantify the oligomerization of GABAB receptors in the rodent spinal cord under conditions of chronic pain and inflammation. SpIDA reports a lowered density of tetrameric GABAB receptor entities in GABAergic neurons of the dorsal horn under these conditions compared to sham samples. The soma of neurons in the ventral horn is shown to be populated by single entities of the GABAB receptor. The findings underline the role of receptor oligomerization, as well as the membrane environment in regulating receptor function.
Fast care
Authors: Hoppstock Sabrina , Kußmann Peter , Fischer-Hirchert Ulrich H.P.
Published: September 2017

The project fast care is working on a real-time capable sensor data analysis-framework in the fields of "Ambient Assisted Living" (AAL), "Human-Technology Interaction" (MTI) and "eHealth". The aim is to provide a medical valid - integrated real-time picture of the patient’s situation by using an ad hoc interconnected sensor – actor infrastructure with a latency period of less than 10 ms.
Biomedical applications using magnetic nanoparticles-the SEON-concept
Authors: Alexiou Christoph
Published: September 2017

A multitude of different applications for magnetic nanoparticles were already investigated. Most prominent are drug delivery, imaging and several diagnostic in-vitro methods. To implement nanotechnological applications into clinics it is advantageous to cover all development stages starting from synthesis over characterization to the production of respective material under quality controlled conditions (cGMP)
Distance-dependent penumbra and MLC-width: new insights in determinants of healthy tissue sparing in stereotactic irradiation
Authors: Bratengeier Klaus , Wegener Sonja , Herzog Barbara
Published: September 2017

For stereotactic irradiation, both, penumbra and MLC leaf width make an impact on the sparing of healthy tissue around the target. Mostly, MLC design is regarded as the one influenceable parameter. However, also penumbra can be varied by choosing different distances between the source of radiation and the patient. The authors investigate the distance- dependent penumbra effects of idealized collimators as well as for real 5 mm MLCs. Test objects are small spherical targets of varying diameters to be irradiated under differing prescription conditions. A method to calculate exact stereotactic radial dose distributions from beam profiles or 2D dose distributions of single beams is developed for circular and MLC shaped targets. Also, a planning study is performed using a Pinnacle3™ planning system. Also, in a theoretical analysis perfect top hat profile beams and beams with varying penumbra are compared for better understanding of penumbra effects with respect to radial dose distributions. It is shown, that the penumbra changes for small targets are more relevant than the beam shaping by 5 mm MLCs. Quasi-isotropic irradiated MLC shaped (quadratic) beams at virtual SAD 700 mm produce steeper radial dose decrease than ideal circular beam shapes with a penumbra typical for SAD 1000 mm. A reduced source-to-patient distance allows better sparing of healthy tissue because of two reasons: The smaller effective leaf width but even more due to steeper penumbra. First, the authors suggest for future recommendations on stereotactic irradiations to specify not only MLC widths but also penumbra characteristics. Second, a so-called “virtual isocentre” could be useful to take advantage of the penumbra effect: Dependent on gantry angle and isocentric couch angle, the couch should be steered automatically in a way that the central axes of all beams always intersect in the same point at the same distance from the source.
Experimental and numerical investigations of fluid flow for optimized in vitro stem cell loading in xenografts
Authors: Ott Robert , Wüstenhagen Carolin , Martin Heiner , Stiehm Michael , Schmidt Wolfram , Einnolf Nadia , Frerich Bernhard , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan
Published: September 2017

In dentofacial surgery, augmentation procedures employing xenografts have become a reliable treatment. Recent studies, however, have shown significant enhance-ments of the in vivo bone tissue augmentation using mesenchymal stem cells loaded into bone grafts. We conducted experimental and numerical investigations in flow perfusion systems to determine flow conditions which allow for homogenous stem cell distribution in BioOss Block (Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland) xenografts. Pressure gradient-velocity characteristics and flow distributions were investigated experimentally and numerically at steady state flow conditions with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.01 ≤ Re ≤ 0.40. Distilled water at 20°C with a dynamic viscosity of 1.002 mPa.s and a density of 998 kg/m3 was used. The geometry utilized in three-dimensional computa-tional fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was obtained by means of micro-computed tomography (μCT). Results of CFD analysis are in good accordance with experimental data. The comparison of the pressure gradient-velocity characteris-tics for experimental and numerical data yields a relative error of 3.6%. According to Darcy’s law for creeping fluid flow the experimentally determined permeability is 2.55.10-9 m2. Moreover, numerical flow distribution analysis shows an increasingly heterogenic streamline distribution for increasing Reynolds numbers. Experimentally validated CFD simulations introduced in this study provide a tool to assess optimal flow conditions for a homogenous stem cell distribution in perfusion flow systems.
Estimation of the interpolation error of a three-step rotation algorithm using recorded images with rotated test pattern as ground truth
Authors: Dicke Elisa , Wachter Andreas , Nahm Werner
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, the surgical microscope is the goldstandard for microsurgical procedures. Additional functionalities such as surgical navigation, data injection or imageoverlay are providing additional valuable information to the surgeon. For substituting the conventional optical system by a fully-digital multi-camera setup the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the scenery in the field of view is required. However, for in camera-based systems, an exact alignment of the cameras is a challenging task. Therefore, a final adjustment through a digital image rotation becomes necessary. Even though the digital rotation is a commonly used procedure, it leads to unavoidable errors because of the discretized grid of the image. Previous research reported in literature has demonstrated that the method of digitally rotating the images combined with the Fourier interpolation delivers the results of best quality. Nevertheless, the performance evaluation of this algorithm was carried out rotating an image in multiple threestep rotations to a total of 90 or 180 degrees and comparing it to the original image rotated in one step. This is a valid approach because a rotation of 90 or 180 degrees does not produce rotation artifacts. In this research project, we verify the performance of the three-step rotation algorithm using recorded images for which the test pattern was rotated as ground truth. A series of photographs with a rotation angle of 3 to 45 degrees was created. The advantage of this setup is that the result of the digital rotation can be directly compared to the recorded image. In addition, with the knowledge obtained about the interpolation error, we can improve pixel matching in the further triangulation used for 3D reconstruction. By doing so, the estimation of the interpolation error helps to reduce the triangulation error.
Towards a better understanding of the overall health impact of the game of squash: automatic and high-resolution motion analysis from a single camera view
Authors: Brumann Christopher , Kukuk Markus
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we present a method for locating and tracking players in the game of squash using Gaussian mixture model background subtraction and agglomerative contour clustering from a calibrated single camera view. Furthermore, we describe a method for player re-identification after near total occlusion, based on stored color- and region-descriptors. For camera calibration, no additional pattern is needed, as the squash court itself can serve as a 3D calibration object. In order to exclude non-rally situations from motion analysis, we further classify each video frame into game phases using a multilayer perceptron. By considering a player’s position as well as the current game phase we are able to visualize player-individual motion patterns expressed as court coverage using pseudo colored heat-maps. In total, we analyzed two matches (six games, 1:28h) of high quality commercial videos used in sports broadcasting and compute high resolution (1cm per pixel) heat-maps. 130184 manually labeled frames (game phases and player identification) show an identification correctness of 79.28±8.99% (mean±std). Game phase classification is correct in 60.87±7.62% and the heat-map visualization correctness is 72.47±7.27%.
Counterfactual-Based Prevented and Preventable Proportions
Authors: Yamada Kentaro , Kuroki Manabu
Published: September 2017

Prevented and preventable fractions have been widely used in medical science to evaluate the proportion of new diseases that can be averted by a protective exposure. However, most existing formulas used in practical situations cannot be interpreted as proportions without any further assumptions because they are obtained according to different target populations and may fall outside the range$[0.000,1.000]$. To solve this problem, this paper proposes counterfactual-based prevented and preventable proportions. When both causal effects and observed probabilities are available, we show that the proposed measures are identifiable under the negative monotonicity assumption. Additionally, when the negative monotonicity assumption is violated, we formulate the bounds on the proposed measures. We also show that negative monotonicity together with exogeneity induces equivalence between the proposed measures and existing measures.
Fabrication of porous polymeric structures using a simple sonication technique for tissue engineering
Authors: Álvarez-Suarez Alan Saúl , López-Maldonado Eduardo Alberto , Graeve Olivia A. , Martinez-Pallares Fabián , Gómez-Pineda Luis Enrique , Oropeza-Guzmán Mercedes Teresita , Iglesias Ana Leticia , Ng Theodore , Serena-Gómez Eduardo , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús
Published: September 2017

Porous polymeric scaffolds have been applied successfully in the biomedical field. This work explores the use of an ultrasonic probe to generate cavitation in a polymeric solution, thus producing pores in the polymeric scaffolds. Porous polymeric structures with average pore sizes ranging from 5 to 63 μm and porosity of 6–44% were fabricated by a process consisting of sonication, flash freezing, and lyophilization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), gelatin (GEL), chitosan (CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) solutions. Pore structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis software. The infrared spectra were analyzed before and after the fabrication process to observe any change in the chemical structure of the polymers. A water absorption test indicated the susceptibility of the samples to retain water in their structure. TGA results showed that GEL experienced degradation at 225°C, CS had a decomposition peak at 280°C, the thermal decomposition of PLGA occurred at 375°C, and PVAL showed two degradation regions. The DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of GEL, CS, PLGA and PVAL occurred at 70°C, 80°C, 60°C and 70°C, respectively. The fabricated porous structures demonstrated similar physical characteristics to those found in bone and cartilage.
Riesgos naturales y su impacto en el tramo Caldera-Puntarenas, ferrocarril al Pacífico, Costa Rica (1900-1930)
Authors: Zúñiga Arias Ana Yolanda
Published: September 2017

En el artículo se analiza, desde el punto de vista histórico y geográfico, la incidencia de riesgos naturales en la línea férrea al Pacífico, tramo entre Caldera y Puntarenas, Costa Rica, de 1900 a 1930, tomando en consideración tres elementos que impactan de manera directa la zona: los deslizamientos, las mareas y los desbordamientos del río Barranca. El análisis está basado en fuentes primarias que incluyen documentos del Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica, fotografías de la época y periódicos nacionales.
Violencias imperiales. Masacres de indios en las pampas del Río de la Plata (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Jiménez Juan Francisco , Alioto Sebastián L. , Villar Daniel
Published: September 2017

En las pampas del Río de la Plata se registran recurrentes masacres de indígenas iniciadas poco tiempo después de la refundación de Buenos Aires en 1580. En un contexto de múltiples y complejas interacciones, las relaciones entre las naciones indias regionales soberanas y políticamente descentralizadas y las administraciones coloniales oscilaron entre las vías violentas y diplomáticas. Las incursiones nativas produjeron reacciones represivas a cargo de oficiales y milicianos que mantenían intereses en los negocios pecuarios y rurales afectados por los saqueos, y viceversa. Se reiteraron, entonces, periódicas matanzas de naturales de todo sexo y edad, combatientes y no combatientes, y con frecuencia ajenos a los eventos que las motivaban, así como el subsiguiente reparto de las familias sobrevivientes. Las características de estas agresiones, sus modalidades y sus consecuencias sobre agredidos y agresores constituyen el objeto de este artículo, basado principalmente en documentación de los Archivos de Indias y General de la Nación Argentina.
Ar modernybė sekuliari?
Authors: Perone Ugo
Published: September 2017

Straipsnyje analizuojama numanoma abipusė modernybės ir sekuliarizacijos tapatybė. Tačiau ši tapatybė gali būti teigiama tik tuo atveju, jei sekuliarizacija traktuojama kaip modernybės priežastis ir jei modernybės turiniai matomi vien kaip imanentiškas teologinių turinių vertimas į sekuliarią formą. Ši dviguba tapatybė klaidingai reprezentuoja ir sekuliarizaciją, ir modernybę. Straipsnyje siūloma sekuliarizacijos definicija, skirianti ypatingą dėmesį formaliems aspektams ir išryškinanti naują politikos vaidmenį modernybėje, traktuojant ją kaip jungiantį kultūrinį horizontą. Taip pat straipsnyje analizuojama modernybė kaip savo pačios interpretacija ir kaip pertrūkio laikotarpis. Teigiama, kad ryšys tarp sekuliarizacijos ir modernybės yra glaudus, bet ne priežastinis.
Tačiau, galiausiai, kodėl Deleuze’as yra „antihėgelininkas“? Hegelio–Deleuze’o susidūrimo priežastis
Authors: Pezzano Giacomo
Published: September 2017

Deleuze’as yra pasakęs, kad nekenčia hėgelizmo ir dialektikos. Šiame straipsnyje tvirtinama, jog Deleuze’as yra prieš Hegelį, nes turi ir siūlo kitokią filosofinę sistemą. Taigi straipsnio autorius tei­gia, kad, norėdami suprasti tokio „bjaurėjimosi“ priežastį, turime susitelkti į filosofinį klausimą, išjudinantį visą delioziškąją sistemą (§ 1). Autorius paaiškina, kad pamatinis Hegelio filosofijos klausimas – kaip yra įmanoma dalykų įveika, vystymasis?, o delioziškasis klausimas – kaip įmanomas naujumas, dalykų pasirodymas (§ 2). Galiausiai autorius aptaria, kaip geismas gali būti laikomas pagrindiniu pavyzdžiu, parodančiu abiejų autorių perspektyvų išsiskyrimą (§ 3).
Rafet Bey: The Last Ottoman Consul in Batavia during the First World War 1911-1924
Authors: Supratman Frial Ramadhan
Published: September 2017

This paper will investigate a brief intellectual history of Rafet Bey, an Ottoman statesman who was appointed as consul-general in Batavia in the early twentieth century. In this paper, intellectual and global history will be the main approach to analyze relations between the Ottomans and the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) in the early twentieth century, especially during the First World War. The appointment of Rafet Bey as Ottoman consul in Batavia coincided with a moment of strength for the Dutch East Indies, after conquering Aceh and other Indonesian regions. On the other hand, the emergence of the Armenian question also caused some difficulties in Ottoman foreign policy at the time. In short, a brief intellectual biography of Rafet Bey is important because it allows deeper analysis on Ottoman- Indonesia relations in the early twentieth century.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v24i1.3684
Ṣuwar al-ḥaḍānah ba‘da al-ṭalāq fī Aceh al-Wusṭá
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi
Published: September 2017

The divorce rate occurred in post-tsunami Aceh have increased sharply, especially in Central Aceh district by 2015. This research was conducted in order to figure out the causes of divorce, the patterns of ḥaḍānah (child custody) and the parent’s attention towards their children after the divorce. The selection of Central Aceh as the object of research was because this district has been occupying the highest position of divorce rate when compared to other districts/cities. The results of this study explain that divorce occurs due to love affairs, economic problems, third-party intervention, early marriage, lack of communication, having no trust and different views of life principles. Meanwhile the pattern of ḥaḍānah happened was mostly carried out by their mother, and the rest was taken care of by their father and the third party like their grandparents. The relationship between the cause of divorce and ḥaḍānah is that when divorce is caused by a spouse’s bickering usually has a negative effect on the pattern of ḥaḍānah, if the divorce happened due to disagreement in the life principles or a certain principle it would have a positive impact. This negative impact on certain conditions requires that older children bear the needs of their younger siblings.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v24i1.4189
Integridad moral como ampliación emocional de la autorreflexión
Authors: Modzelewski Helena
Published: September 2017

El artículo propone definir la integridad moral a partir de la autorreflexión, la meta emoción y la identidad. Se parte de la autorreflexión de H. Frankfurt y se amplía su evaluación de los deseos mediante los conceptos de autorreflexión débil y fuerte de C. Taylor. Si bien las emociones tienen relevancia en la motivación, lo que cuenta para evaluar la reflexividad de alguien son sus acciones. Se plantea que las emociones, aun sin cristalizar en acción, son relevantes para determinar la identidad moral. Así mismo, se presentan las metaemociones como un tipo de deseo de segundo orden que no se enlaza necesariamente a la volición, pero que tiene potencial similar a las voliciones de segundo orden. Se propone considerar a las emociones morales, según las define C. Korsgaard, como equivalentes a las metaemociones que, junto con las razones, determinan la integridad moral.
KEPADATANSTOKDANASPEKBIOLOGI LOBSTERPASIR (Thenus orientalis) DI LAUT JAWA
Authors: Tirtadanu Tirtadanu , Kembaren Duranta Diandra , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: September 2017

Informasi kepadatan stok dan asepk biologi lobster pasir di Laut Jawa merupakan informasi penting dalam melakukan pengelolaan yang rasional. Jenis lobster ini rentanmengalami penurunan populasi disebabkan lambatnya pertumbuhan dan rendahnya fekunditas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepadatan stok dan aspek biologi lobster pasir. Penelitian kepadatan stok dan biologi lobster pasir dilakukan pada bulan Oktober dan November 2015 dengan menggunakan Kapal Latih dan Riset Madidihang-02. Penentuan kepadatan stok mengggunakan metode sapuan area dengan alat tangkap trawl yang dioperasikan pada 39 stasiun penelitan denganwaktu hauling satu jamper stasiun.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kepadatan stok lobster pasir dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman dan jenis substrat dasar. Kepadatan tinggi ditemukan pada habitat dengan substrat pasir dan kedalaman antara 10-30 m. Rata-rata kepadatan stok sebesar 15,65 ± 6,73 kg/km2 dan laju tangkap 0,6 ± 0,27 kg/jam. Modus ukuran panjang karapas lobster jantan dan betina masing-masing sebesar 55 mm dan 65 mm. Pola pertumbuhan lobster bersifat allometrik negatif.Rasio kelaminmenunjukkan kondisi tidak seimbang dengan jumlah lobster jantan yang lebih dominan.Tingkat KematanganGonad lobster betina didominasi oleh lobster belummatang gonad (stadia I dan II).Stock density and biological aspect of slippery lobsters in the Java Sea are important information for developing appropriatemanagement measure. Slippery lobster was susceptible of declining population due slow growth and low fecundity. This research aims to investigate stock density and biological parameter of slippery lobster. Study conducted in October and November 2015 using Research Vessel Madidihang 02. Stock density calculated using the swept areamethod with trawl that investigated on 39 stations with one hour per hauling. The results show that stock density of slippery lobsters associated with depths and type of substrate. The highest density found in depth between 10-30 m and sand bottom substrate. The average density and catch rate of sand lobsters were 15.65 ± 6.73 kg/km2 and 0.6 ± 0.27 kg/hour respectively. The dominated size was 55 mm carapace length for male and 65 mm carapace length for female. The growth type was negative allometry. There is unequal sex ratio where male was more abundant than female. During October and November, the maturity stages of female was dominated by immature stage (stadia I and II).
Language and Conflict: Arguing for Interdisciplinarity and Usefulness
Authors: Janicki Karol
Published: September 2017

The paper consists of two parts. Part 1 concerns the benefits of interdisciplinary research, and it concludes with a philosophical section in which the question is raised of what kinds of linguistic research can be seen as socially valid. In Part 2, I discuss my own recent research, which I consider socially relevant. It includes two major topics: (1) language and conflict, and (2) folk linguistics. Under the heading of ‘language and conflict’, I have investigated some of the ways language can contribute to both instigating and alleviating conflict. In my opinion, the way we view meaning, communication, and definitions is central to our understanding of and avoiding language-ridden conflict. As for ‘folk linguistics’, which concerns the layperson’s views of language, I have investigated the question of what the lay people see as the most important language-related problems. The paper concludes with a statement supporting research in the field of the humanities.
Pagando o preço de governar: custos de gerência de coalizão no presidencialismo brasileiro
Authors: Bertholini Frederico , Pereira Carlos
Published: September 2017

Resumo Este artigo analisa os efeitos das estratégias do presidente de como gerir sua coalizão sobre os custos de governar ao longo do seu mandato. Foi desenvolvido um Índice inédito de Custo de Governo (ICG) considerando as transferências políticas e monetárias feitas pelo presidente aos partidos da sua coalizão. O ICG foi calculado a partir de análise de componentes principais. As relações entre as variações de estratégias de gerência e seus custos foram estimadas por meio de um painel não balanceado em primeiras diferenças, tendo como variável dependente o ICG e como variáveis explicativas o tamanho da coalizão, a heterogeneidade ideológica e a alocação proporcional de poder entre parceiros. Os resultados indicam que coalizões grandes, ideologicamente heterogêneas e desproporcionais tendem a ser mais caras ao longo do tempo. As decisões presidenciais de como gerenciar suas coalizões influenciam os custos de governo, mesmo controlando por aspectos exógenos, como fragmentação partidária na Câmara dos Deputados e popularidade presidencial. Além disso, gastar mais recursos políticos e financeiros com os aliados da coalizão não significa necessariamente maior apoio político no Legislativo.
Problemas de agência no setor público: o papel dos intermediadores da relação entre poder central e unidades executoras
Authors: Oliveira Clara Brando de , Fontes Filho Joaquim Rubens
Published: September 2017

Resumo Este trabalho visa identificar o efeito da alocação de indivíduos, definidos na literatura como burocratas de médio escalão, na intermediação das relações entre a direção superior do Poder Executivo e as secretarias de Estado na relação principal-agente no âmbito da administração pública. Com base em entrevistas em profundidade com analistas de gerenciamento de projetos e metas, intermediadores da relação de agência entre a Casa Civil e unidades executoras de projetos da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, foram examinados os efeitos de sua intermediação sobre os problemas de agência na estrutura hierárquica da administração pública decorrentes de diferenças de motivações e objetivos entre as partes, assimetrias de informação, propensões ao risco e distintos horizontes de planejamento. Os resultados mostraram os benefícios dessa intermediação para reduzir os problemas de agência, com efeitos sobre as diferenças de motivações e assimetrias de informação.
Binge drinking: a pattern associated with a risk of problems of alcohol use among university students
Authors: Bedendo André , Andrade André Luiz Monezi , Opaleye Emérita Sátiro , Noto Ana Regina
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate problems associated with alcohol use among university students who reported binge drinking in comparison to students who consumed alcohol without binging. Method: a cross-sectional study among university students (N=2,408) who accessed the website about alcohol use. Logistic and linear regression models were included in the statistical analyzes. Results: alcohol use in the last three months was reported by 89.2% of university students; 51.6% reported binge drinking. Compared to students who did not binge drink, university students who presented this pattern were more likely to report all evaluated problems, among them: black out (aOR: 5.4); having academic problems (aOR: 3.4); acting impulsively and having regrets (aOR: 2.9); getting involved in fights (aOR: 2.6); drinking and driving (aOR: 2.6) and accepting a ride with someone who had drunk alcohol (aOR: 1.8). Students who binged also had higher scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (b=4.6; p<0.001), more negative consequences (b=1.0; p<0.001) and a reduced perception of the negativity of the consequences (b=-0.5; p<0.01). Conclusion: binge drinking was associated with an increase in the chances of manifesting problems related to alcohol use. The conclusions of this study cannot be generalized for all of the Brazilian population.
GENOTYPIC VARIATION ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE RESPONSE OF COWPEACULTIVARS EXPOSED TO OSMOTIC STRESS
Authors: ARAÚJO EDILENE DANIEL DE , MELO ALBERTO SOARES DE , ROCHA MARIA DO SOCORRO , CARNEIRO REBECA FERREIRA , ROCHA MAURISRAEL DE MOURA
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], also known as cowpea, is of fundamental socioeconomic importance to the northeast of Brazil, and has become one of the main sources of protein in the diet of the rural population. However, in this region, it has become necessary to identify genotypes that are better adapted to drought. In addition, research is needed regarding the action of substances that promote tolerance to stress factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative response of cowpea cultivars under osmotic stress conditions using potassium nitrate as an attenuator. Five osmotic potentials were tested in the substrate (0.0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, and −0.8 MPa), and three seed treatments (pre-soaking in distilled water, pre-soaking in potassium nitrate, and without pre-soaking) were tested in three cowpea cultivars (BRS Itaim, BRS Aracê, and BRS Potengi). The design was randomized with 45 treatments and four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (P < 0.05), and in cases of significance, regression analysis was conducted to quantitate the factors. Our results indicate that an increase in proline content in cowpea plants may be seen as indicative of the intensity of water stress on germination and the initial stages of growth of the plant. The BRS Itaim cultivar best tolerates drought conditions with the application of potassium nitrate, given the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase.
GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CASSAVA WASTEWATER
Authors: DANTAS MARA SUYANE MARQUES , ROLIM MARIO MONTEIRO , PEDROSA ELVIRA MARIA REGIS , SILVA MANASSÉS MESQUITA DA , DANTAS DANIEL DA COSTA
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT Cassava wastewater is the liquid residue of the cassava flour processing and its application to the soil as fertilizer for agricultural crops is a good alternative to sources of nutrients for plants. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and seed yield of sunflower on soil fertilized with cassava wastewater. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17, 34, 68 and 136 m3 ha-1) and six plant sampling times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing), using the sunflower cultivar Helio-250. The evaluated variables were total leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, shoot dry mass and sunflower seed yield. The use of cassava wastewater rate of 136 m3 ha-1 increases the seed yield, leaf area, leaf area index and shoot dry mass, and results in lower leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf weight ratio of sunflower (cv. Helio-250) crops.
Interação academia-indústria. Relato da experiência da Vale
Authors: MELLO LUIZ EUGENIO A. M. , SEPÚLVEDA EDGAR SARDINHA
Published: September 2017

RESUMO Abordamos aqui a nucleação de um modelo de inovação aberta na Vale (uma das maiores mineradoras do mundo) apresentando o contexto histórico em que se deu esse processo. Discutimos algumas das questões que possivelmente haviam até então dificultado a implantação de uma estrutura de pesquisa e desenvolvimento focando o longo prazo pela indústria no Brasil. Destacamos algumas das dificuldades encontradas ao longo do processo, bem como algumas das razões que levaram ao sucesso da iniciativa.
El sistema es antinosotros. Culturas, movimientos y resistencias juveniles de José Manuel Valenzuela Arce, coordinador
Authors: Vargas González Isaac
Published: September 2017

Reseña de El sistema es antinosotros. Culturas, movimientos y resistencias juveniles
Conocimiento ecológico local y conservación biológica: la ciencia postnormal como campo de interculturalidad
Authors: Zalles Jorje Ignacio
Published: September 2017

Los esfuerzos dirigidos hacia la conservación de biodiversidad se encuentran sustentados desde las ciencias naturales en la denominada biología de conservación. Dadas sus particularidades epistemológicas, ésta enfrenta obstáculos al momento de incorporar sabiduría proveniente del conocimiento ecológico local, aquello que una población humana sabe sobre la naturaleza que le rodea por su experiencia directa con la misma, no como producto de un marco indagatorio positivista. La ciencia postnormal emerge en décadas recientes como una alternativa para el manejo público que propone complementar la búsqueda de conocimiento a través del empirismo mediante la inclusión de entendimientos basados en la cotidianeidad y la interpretación subjetiva de fenómenos naturales, transcendiendo la compartimentación asociada con la tradición científica de la modernidad. Este artículo discute la integración del conocimiento ecológico local y la biología de conservación desde la perspectiva de la ciencia postnormal, ilustrando diferentes formas de comunicación intercultural que harían posible el diálogo de saberes requerido.