bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American dreams and Brazilian racial democracy
Authors: Mitchell Sean T.
Published: October 2015

The extensive literature critiquing the weakness of cross-class Afro-Brazilian solidarity is perhaps equaled in size by the structurally similar literature on the weakness of cross-race working-class solidarity in the United States. For many critics, marginalized or exploited people in Brazil and the United States do not have the political consciousness they ought to have, given apparently objective conditions. What if we started, instead, from E. P. Thompson's insight that class is a “cultural as much as an economic formation,” that it is “a relationship and not a thing,” acknowledging that political consciousness is the partially contingent result of culturally specific struggles and utopias, as much as of determinate historical conditions? Drawing on ethnographic research on conflicts between Afro-Brazilian villagers and Brazil's spaceport, supplemented by comparative data on the mobilization around inequalities in Brazil and in the United States, this article sketches a comparative anthropology of political consciousness that attempts to avoid the objectivizing pitfalls of the genre.
The problem with “transparency”
Authors: Babidge Sally
Published: October 2015

Subterranean waters in the mineral-rich and water-poor Atacama desert, northern Chile, are subject to contest between resource-extracting companies and mostly indigenous residents. In complying with global Corporate Social Responsibility standards and local agreements, and in an effort to reduce opposition from indigenous groups, some mining companies have begun to undertake “transparency” reporting regarding the impact of their subterranean water extraction activities. These engagements present a moral interface between two streams of global discourse: the CSR principle of “transparency” on impacts of water extraction and the rights of indigenous peoples to “native waters.” An ethnographic study of a set of such engagements shows indigenous community rejection of the truths that transparency purports to reveal. However, the apparent intractability of moral contest in such globally comparative and locally specific contexts in terms of distrust of the mining companies is tempered by a proposition for the ethics of engagement.
Conceptualising and Theorising Antisemitism and Racism: The Structural Context of Israel-Palestine
Authors: Shaw Martin
Published: October 2015

This paper provides a basis for re-examining the contemporary connections of antisemitism and racism through an examination of the conceptual and theoretical parameters of the concept of racism. It argues that racism is a broad and dynamic category, the forms of which must be seen as varied and constantly changing. Thus although ‘new antisemitism’ arguments are wrong to propose a strong connection between opposition to Israel and antisemitism, they are correct to argue that antisemitism has changed and that its current forms are connected to the changes that Israel has brought about for the position of Jews. However, examining antisemitism as a variety of racism requires us to investigate racism in general in the conflicts in, and surrounding, Israel-Palestine. The paper argues for a structural concept of racism in these conflicts. While criticising the ‘apartheid’ framing of Israeli racism, it argues that anti-Palestinian racism is structurally embedded in Israeli society at many levels, and that recent wars have exacerbated this racism on a much larger scale than the antisemitism which they have also stimulated.
The OttomanBeratsof the Greek Orthodox Patrirach of Jerusalem (1872–1931)
Authors: Satış İhsan , Ceyhan Muhammed
Published: October 2015

Ottoman Berats (charters11 The authors prefer to use the term Berat, a Turkish expression which is also used extensively in the literature. The term ‘charter’ has more institutional meaning and since each Patriarch received its own specific Berat so the word charter does not give the full meaning. ) were official documents issued by Sultans delineating the tasks, powers, exemptions and concessions granted to Greek Orthodox Patriarchs to be the applicable within the jurisdiction of the Patriarchs. The Berat also showed that the Patriarch was elected by the Synod and approved by the Sultan. A Patriarch who did not have Berat could not perform his duties or exercise executive authority. This article critically examines the Berats of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem in the period 1873–1931. These Berats are analysed in terms of their contents as well as in connection to the way non-Muslims were subject to rules which applied to the domestic relations of the Greek Orthodox community and to public law areas which came within the scope of Sharia law.
Scotland: All Change?
Authors: Rosie Michael
Published: October 2015

Two years – 2014 and 2015 – saw remarkable and profound developments in Scotland's political history. This introduction to a Special Issue of Scottish Affairs that examines these developments outlines Scotland's tumultuous years, why they are inevitably puzzling, and why they are perhaps unresolvable. It then notes key and salient points from the various contributions in the volume.
New Scots and Migration in the Scottish Independence Referendum
Authors: Hepburn Eve
Published: October 2015

This article explores how the issue of immigration was debated by Scottish and UK political actors during the Scottish independence referendum. It considers the longer-term positions of Scottish elites on immigration, before focussing on the ways in which the Yes camp's liberal, multiculturalist approach contrasted sharply with the more restrictive, assimilationist position of the UK Government. The article concludes by considering Scottish voter attitudes towards immigration, before reflecting on the reasons why Scottish parties have adopted a welcoming approach to New Scots.
‘Take us with you Scotland’? Post-Referendum and Post-Election Reflections from the North East Of England
Authors: Shaw Keith
Published: October 2015

This article examines the different reactions in North East England to the results of both the Scottish Independence Referendum in September 2014 and the General Election in May 2015. It outlines how the region's relief at the ‘No’ vote quickly gave way to traditional fears – once the Smith Commission had reported – that a more powerful Scotland would undermine economic fortunes just south of the border. To fear of a more powerful ‘neighbour’ was added a noticeable level of political hostility towards the SNP in particular, as the virtual wipe out of Labour MP's in Scotland in May's General Election has left many North East Labour politicians (in the party's one remaining heartland) uncertain and anxious about their own political future. However, the North East of England has also tried to harness the referendum outcome in more practical ways. In the first instance, using it to strengthen its own case to Westminster for greater devolved powers and, secondly, to explore opportunities for a more collaborative, cross-border approach to economic development. The article concludes by contrasting the growing disjunction between the increasingly sympathetic and supportive views of North Easterners towards what's happening in Scotland, and the hostile views of many North East Labour politicians. Those advocating that the region should work with the Scots, and gain the support of more powerful SNP group in Westminster for greater devolution in England, have a real challenge to overcome the hostile views of North East politicians towards both nationalism and nationalists.
An Unknown English Translation of Virgil's Third Georgic (c.1800)
Authors: Gillespie Stuart
Published: October 2015

This article supplies the 757 lines of this never-before-printed translation into English couplet verse found in BL MS Add. 38448A. The author's identity is currently unknown, but circumstantial detail suggests that Robert Jenkinson, the second Lord Liverpool, was his patron. An introduction explains the manuscript's context and probable date.
Sensing of p53 and EGFR Biomarkers Using High Efficiency SERS Substrates
Authors: Owens Peter , Phillipson Nigel , Perumal Jayakumar , O’Connor Gerard , Olivo Malini
Published: October 2015

In this paper we describe a method for the determination of protein concentration using Surface Enhanced Raman Resonance Scattering (SERRS) immunoassays. We use two different Raman active linkers, 4-aminothiophenol and 6-mercaptopurine, to bind to a high sensitivity SERS substrate and investigate the influence of varying concentrations of p53 and EGFR on the Raman spectra. Perturbations in the spectra are due to the influence of protein–antibody binding on Raman linker molecules and are attributed to small changes in localised mechanical stress, which are enhanced by SERRS. These influences are greatest for peaks due to the C-S functional group and the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) was found to be inversely proportional to protein concentration.
Clinical Development of c-MET Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Joycelyn , Chan Jack , Choo Su
Published: October 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. In patients with advanced or unresectable HCC, there are few treatment options. Conventional chemotherapy has limited benefits. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, improves survival, but options for patients intolerant of or progressing on sorafenib are limited. There has been much interest in recent years in molecular therapeutic targets and drug development for HCC. One of the more promising molecular targets in HCC is the cellular-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (c-MET) factor receptor. Encouraging phase II data on two c-MET inhibitors, tivantinib and cabozantinib, has led to phase III trials. This review describes the c-MET/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling pathway and its relevance to HCC, and discusses the preclinical and clinical trial data for inhibitors of this pathway in HCC.
Urban Stormwater Temperature Surges: A Central US Watershed Study
Authors: Zeiger Sean , Hubbart Jason
Published: October 2015

Impacts of urban land use can include increased stormwater runoff temperature (Tw) leading to receiving water quality impairment. There is therefore a need to target and mitigate sources of thermal pollution in urban areas. However, complex relationships between urban development, stormwater runoff and stream water heating processes are poorly understood. A nested-scale experimental watershed study design was used to investigate stormwater runoff temperature impacts to receiving waters in a representative mixed-use urbanizing watershed of the central US. Daily maximum Tw exceeded 35.0 °C (threshold for potential mortality of warm-water biota) at an urban monitoring site for a total of five days during the study period (2011–2013). Sudden increases of more than 1.0 °C within a 15 min time interval of Tw following summer thunderstorms were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p < 0.01) to cumulative percent urban land use (r2 = 0.98; n = 29). Differences in mean Tw between monitoring sites were significantly correlated (CI = 95%; p = 0.02) to urban land use practices, stream distance and increasing discharge. The effects of the 2012 Midwest USA drought and land use on Tw were also observed with maximum Tw 4.0 °C higher at an urban monitoring site relative to a rural site for 10.5 h. The current work provides quantitative evidence of acute increases in Tw related to urban land use. Results better inform land managers wishing to create management strategies designed to preserve suitable thermal stream habitats in urbanizing watersheds.
Bridge Performance Assessment Based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with Wavelet Filter for the GPS Measurements
Authors: Kaloop Mosbeh , Hu Jong , Sayed Mohamed
Published: October 2015

This study describes the performance assessment of the Huangpu Bridge in Guangzhou, China based on long-term monitoring in real-time by the kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) technique. Wavelet transformde-noising is applied to filter the GPS measurements, while the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) time series output-only model is used to predict the deformations of GPS-bridge monitoring points. In addition, GPS and accelerometer monitoring systems are used to evaluate the bridge oscillation performance. The conclusions drawn from investigating the numerical results show that: (1)the wavelet de-noising of the GPS measurements of the different recording points on the bridge is a suitable tool to efficiently eliminate the signal noise and extract the different deformation components such as: semi-static and dynamic displacements; (2) the ANFIS method with two multi-input single output model is revealed to powerfully predict GPS movement measurements and assess the bridge deformations; and (3) The installed structural health monitoring system and the applied ANFIS movement prediction performance model are solely sufficient to assure bridge safety based on the analyses of the different filtered movement components.
Hydrocarbon Patterns and Mating Behaviour in Populations of Drosophila yakuba
Authors: Denis Béatrice , Rouzic Arnaud , Wicker-Thomas Claude
Published: October 2015

Drosophila yakuba is widespread in Africa. Here we compare the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles and mating behavior of mainland (Kounden, Cameroon) and island (Mayotte, Sao-Tome, Bioko) populations. The strains each had different CHC profiles: Bioko and Kounden were the most similar, while Mayotte and Sao-Tome contained significant amounts of 7-heptacosene. The CHC profile of the Sao-Tome population differed the most, with half the 7-tricosene of the other populations and more 7-heptacosene and 7-nonacosene. We also studied the characteristics of the mating behavior of the four strains: copulation duration was similar but latency times were higher in Mayotte and Sao-Tome populations. We found partial reproductive isolation between populations, especially in male-choice experiments with Sao-Tome females.
Soft Roof Failure Mechanism and Supporting Method for Gob-Side Entry Retaining
Authors: Yang Hongyun , Cao Shugang , Li Yong , Sun Chuanmeng , Guo Ping
Published: October 2015

To study the soft roof failure mechanism and the supporting method for a gateway in a gently inclined coal seam with a dip angle of 16° kept for gob-side entry retaining, and through the methodology of field investigation and numerical and analytical modeling, this paper analyzed the stress evolution law of roof strata at the working face end and determined that the sharp horizontal stress unloading phenomenon along the coal wall side did not appear after the working face advanced. Conversely, the horizontal stress along the gob side instantly decreased and the tensile stress produced, and the vertical stress in the central part of the roof had a higher reduction magnitude as well. An in-depth study indicates that the soft roof of the working face end subsided and seriously separated due to the effect of the front abutment pressure and the roof hanging length above the gob line, as well as certain other factors, including the rapid unloading of the lateral stress, tension and shear on the lower roof rock layer and dynamic disturbance. Those influencing factors also led to rapid crack propagation on a large scale and serious fracturing in the soft roof of the working face end. However, in the gob stress stabilized zone, the soft roof in the gob-side entry retaining has a shearing failure along the filling wall inside affected by the overburden pressure, rock bulking pressure, and roof gravity. To maintain the roof integrity, decrease the roof deformation, and enable the control of the working face end soft roof and the stabilization of the gob-side entry retaining roof, this study suggests that the preferred bolt installation angle for the soft roof situation is 70° based on the rock bolt extrusion strengthening theory.
Organic Phase Change Nanoparticles for in-Product Labeling of Agrochemicals
Authors: Wang Miao , Duong Binh , Su Ming
Published: October 2015

There is an urgent need to develop in-product covert barcodes for anti-counterfeiting of agrochemicals. This paper reports a new organic nanoparticle-based in-product barcode system, in which a panel of organic phase change nanoparticles is added as a barcode into in a variety of chemicals (herein agrochemicals). The barcode is readout by detecting melting peaks of organic nanoparticles using differential scanning calorimetry. This method has high labeling capacity due to small sizes of nanoparticles, sharp melting peaks, and large scan range of thermal analysis. The in-product barcode can be effectively used to protect agrochemical products from being counterfeited due to its large coding capacity, technical readiness, covertness, and robustness.
Menaquinone-7 Supplementation to Reduce Vascular Calcification in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Rationale and Study Protocol (VitaK-CAC Trial)
Authors: Vossen Liv , Schurgers Leon , Van Varik Bernard , Kietselaer Bas , Vermeer Cees , Meeder Johannes , Rahel Braim , Van Cauteren Yvonne , Hoffland Ge , Rennenberg Roger , Reesink Koen , De Leeuw Peter , Kroon Abraham
Published: October 2015

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) develops early in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial calcification is caused by an imbalance in calcification regulatory mechanisms. An important inhibitor of calcification is vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP). Both preclinical and clinical studies have shown that inhibition of the vitamin K-cycle by vitamin K antagonists (VKA) results in elevated uncarboxylated MGP (ucMGP) and subsequently in extensive arterial calcification. This led us to hypothesize that vitamin K supplementation may slow down the progression of calcification. To test this, we designed the VitaK-CAC trial which analyses effects of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on progression of CAC. The trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial including patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with a baseline Agatston CAC-score between 50 and 400 will be randomized to an intervention-group (360 microgram MK-7) or a placebo group. Treatment duration will be 24 months. The primary endpoint is the difference in CAC-score progression between both groups. Secondary endpoints include changes in arterial structure and function, and associations with biomarkers. We hypothesize that treatment with MK-7 will slow down or arrest the progression of CAC and that this trial may lead to a treatment option for vascular calcification and subsequent CVD.
Has Adolescent Childbearing Been Eclipsed by Nonmarital Childbearing?
Authors: Martin Anne , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Published: October 2015

Adolescent childbearing has received decreasing attention from academics and policymakers in recent years, which may in part reflect the decline in its incidence. Another reason may be its uncoupling from nonmarital childbearing. Adolescent childbearing became problematized only when it began occurring predominantly outside marriage. In recent decades, there have been historic rises in the rate of nonmarital childbearing, and importantly, the rise has been steeper among older mothers than among adolescent mothers. Today, two out of five births are to unmarried women, and the majority of these are to adults, not adolescents. Nonmarital childbearing is in and of itself associated with lower income and poorer maternal and child outcomes. However, unmarried adolescent mothers might face more difficulties than unmarried adult mothers due to their developmental status, education, living arrangements, and long-term prospects for work. If this is true, then the focus on adolescent mothers ought to continue. We suggest several facets of adolescent motherhood deserving of further study, and recommend that future research use unmarried mothers in their early 20s as a realistic comparison group.
Development of an Innovation Model Based on a Service-Oriented Product Service System (PSS)
Authors: Kim Seungkyum , Son Changho , Yoon Byungun , Park Yongtae
Published: October 2015

Recently, there have been many attempts to cope with increasingly-diversified and ever-changing customer needs by combining products and services that are critical components of innovation models. Although not only manufacturers, but also service providers, try to integrate products and services, most of the previous studies on Product Service System (PSS) development deal with how to effectively integrate services into products from the product-centric point of view. Services provided by manufacturers’ PSSes, such as delivery services, training services, disposal services, and so on, offer customers ancillary value, whereas products of service providers’ PSSes enrich core value by enhancing the functionality and quality of the service. Thus, designing an effective PSS development process from the service-centric point of view is an important research topic. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to propose a service-oriented PSS development process, which consists of four stages: (1) strategic planning; (2) idea generation and selection; (3) service design; and (4) product development. In the proposed approach, the PSS development project is initiated and led by a service provider from a service-centric point of view. From the perspective of methodology, customer needs are converted into product functions according to Quality Function Deployment (QFD), while Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to prioritize the functions. Additionally, this paper illustrates a service-oriented PSS development that demonstrates the application of the proposed process. The proposed process and illustration are expected to serve as a foundation for research on service-oriented PSS development and as a useful guideline for service providers who are considering the development of a service-oriented PSS.
Anatomy of fleshy fruits in the monocots
Authors: Thadeo Marcela , Hampilos Katherine E. , Stevenson Dennis W.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

An anatomical and developmental study of distantly related fleshy fruits in the monocots was undertaken to better understand the evolution of baccate fruits in the monocot clade as a whole. We studied 14 species with fleshy fruits spanning the Alismatales, Arecales, Asparagales, Commelinales, Dioscoreales, Liliales, and Poales to determine various mechanisms through which baccate fruits attain fleshiness at maturity.

METHODS:

Flowers and fruits of various stages were collected, sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

KEY RESULTS:

Three basic pathways for attaining fleshiness were identified within the species examined (true berries, with a uniform pericarp; typical drupes, with an endocarp differentiated by the presence of stony pyrenes; and specialized drupes, involving mesocarp and endocarp differentiated by stone pyrenes). Furthermore, developmental characters differentiating basic fruit types were identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fleshy fruits in the monocots do not develop through a single shared pathway, indicating that fleshiness has evolved multiple times within the clade.
Seed morphology and anatomy and its utility in recognizing subfamilies and tribes of Zingiberaceae
Authors: Benedict John C. , Smith Selena Y. , Collinson Margaret E. , Leong‐Škorničková Jana , Specht Chelsea D. , Marone Federica , Xiao Xianghui , Parkinson Dilworth Y.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Recent phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data suggested that the monocot family Zingiberaceae be separated into four subfamilies and four tribes. Robust morphological characters to support these clades are lacking. Seeds were analyzed in a phylogenetic context to test independently the circumscription of clades and to better understand evolution of seed characters within Zingiberaceae.

METHODS:

Seventy‐five species from three of the four subfamilies were analyzed using synchrotron based x‐ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) and scored for 39 morphoanatomical characters.

KEY RESULTS:

Zingiberaceae seeds are some of the most structurally complex seeds in angiosperms. No single seed character was found to distinguish each subfamily, but combinations of characters were found to differentiate between the subfamilies. Recognition of the tribes based on seeds was possible for Globbeae, but not for Alpinieae, Riedelieae, or Zingibereae, due to considerable variation.

CONCLUSIONS:

SRXTM is an excellent, nondestructive tool to capture morphoanatomical variation of seeds and allows for the study of taxa with limited material available. Alpinioideae, Siphonochiloideae, Tamijioideae, and Zingiberoideae are well supported based on both molecular and morphological data, including multiple seed characters. Globbeae are well supported as a distinctive tribe within the Zingiberoideae, but no other tribe could be differentiated using seeds due to considerable homoplasy when compared with currently accepted relationships based on molecular data. Novel seed characters suggest tribal affinities for two currently unplaced Zingiberaceae taxa: Siliquamomum may be related to Riedelieae and Monolophus to Zingibereae, but further work is needed before formal revision of the family.
Surveillance colonoscopy practice in Lynch syndrome in the Netherlands: A nationwide survey
Authors: Koornstra Jan J
Published: October 2015

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients. On the other hand, gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients, compared to other surgeries. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation, alleviate patient pain, and thus alleviate stress reactions. Remazolam is an acting, safe, and effective sedative, which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients. TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs, reduce adverse reactions, reduce stress reactions, and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.
Restorative Justice: The Institutional Turn
Authors: Poama Andrei
Published: October 2015

Résumé Cette introduction remplit trois fonctions. Premièrement, je précise le contenu de l’idée de tournant institutionnel vers la justice restaurative. Deuxièmement, j’identifie trois positions centrales partagées par les auteurs qui écrivent pour ce numéro collectif. Ces positions sont les suivantes : celle du convergentisme (entre l’idéal de la restauration et la pratique pénale), celle de l’optimisme (concernant l’efficience institutionnelle de l’idéal de la justice restaurative) et celle du comparativisme (entre différentes manières de traiter le problème du crime). Troisièmement, j’interprète l’orientation générale de notre justification du tournant institutionnel vers la justice restaurative dans les termes de la théorie politique activiste.
Many Men Are Good Judges in Their Own Case: Restorative Justice and the Nemo Iudex Principle in Anglo-American Law
Authors: Page Jennifer M.
Published: October 2015

Le principe du nemo iudex in causa sua (« nul n’est juge en sa propre cause ») occupe unrôle central dans la théorie contractualiste de John Locke : l’État est pénalement justifié en grande partie à cause du besoin humain pour l’existence d’un système pénal impartial. Dans la pratique judiciaire anglo-américaine, la valeur de l’impartialité est acceptée de manière non critique. Par ailleurs, ceux qui soutiennent la justice restaurative font souvent référence au droit qu’a la victime d’avoir sa voix entendue dans le procès pénal, sans prendre en compte la pertinence morale de l’impartialité. Cet article conteste la centralité de l’impartialité en matière de justice pénale et affirme que cette dernière conduit à un cadre institutionnel non adéquat depuis une perspective de psychologie morale. Bien que les partisans de la justice restaurative ne prennent pas une position principielle lorsqu’il s’agit de rejeter la valeur de l’impartialité et le principe du nemo iudex, les pratiques de justice qu’ils encouragent supposent que la victime soit juge en sa propre cause.
Distributive Preferences, Social Norms and Redistribution
Authors: Le Garrec Gilles
Published: October 2015

Contrastant avec les hypothèses communément admises en économie, les études empiriques montrent que les individus incorporent dans leur demande de redistribution des considérations de justice distributive. Elles montrent aussi que l’environnement dans lequel les individus grandissent affecte leurs préférences pour la redistribution. En incluant ces deux éléments constitutifs de la demande individuelle de redistribution, nous proposons dans cet article un mécanisme de transmission culturelle du souci pour la justice distributive. En accord avec le processus de socialisation, les préférences des plus jeunes sont en partie façonnées par l’observation et l’imitation du comportement des autres. Plus précisément, plus les adultes échouent collectivement à mettre en place des politiques redistributives équitables, moins le souci des jeunes pour la justice distributive sera important. Sur la base de ce mécanisme, le modèle se caractérise par l’existence de plusieurs états stationnaires conditionnés par l’histoire qui permettent d’expliquer la différence importante et persistante de redistribution observée entre l’Europe et les États-Unis.
The European Climate Policy is Ambitious: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Benjamin Catherine , Cadoret Isabelle , Hubert Marie-Hélène
Published: October 2015

Nous analysons les évolutions dans le long terme des émissions de carbone en Europe en s’appuyant sur le concept de convergence des émissions de CO 2  par tête conditionnelle au revenu par tête, au prix mondial du pétrole, à la consommation énergétique par tête et à l’investissement en énergie renouvelable. L’hypothèse de convergence conditionnelle entre les pays de l’Union Européenne est vérifiée. Les pays de l’UE-15 devraient stabiliser leurs émissions d’ici 10 ans. Ce résultat est inchangé si nous incluons les nouveaux pays Membres dans l’échantillon. Les économies de l’Union Européenne sont peu intensives en carbone, i.e. , la relation croissance des émissions/ revenu est strictement négative. Ce résultat est robuste si nous incluons les nouveaux États Membres. Puis, nous discutons de l’efficacité des politiques énergétique et climatique et de la répartition de l’effort d’abattement entre les différents pays Membres. L’Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne et la France peuvent atteindre leur cible de carbone sans réaliser d’efforts supplémentaires. Les autres États Membres de l’UE-15 peuvent atteindre la cible en réalisant des investissements dans les énergies renouvelables et en améliorant leur efficacité énergétique. Les émissions des nouveaux États Membres devraient être inférieures à leur valeur cible malgré l’augmentation du revenu par tête et du prix de pétrole.
Custom on demand 3D printing of functional microstructures
Authors: Jonušauskas Linas , Skliutas Edvinas , Butkus Simas , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: October 2015

Rapid development in 3D printing technologies promises a cheap and simple yet reliable way for producing various components and structures for research in numerous science fields. This work is dedicated to investigate the possibility to use fused filament fabrication based 3D printing to fabricate microchannels for microfluidical applications as well as diverse 3D scaffolds for biomedical applications. We also examine the possibility to further improve fabricated structures by employing an ultrafast laser, namely by laser light filamentation and using direct laser writing. Results of this study are discussed in detail and outlook for further work in this field is given.
Selection of Customers for Marketing Campaign as a Multi-Criteria Problem
Authors: Trzaskalik Tadeusz , Jarek Slawomir
Published: October 2015

Here we discuss the issue of planning a telemarketing campaign which will promote new services and use databases of the current customers. The databases can contain data of hundreds of thousands up to a few million customers. To ensure the best possible efficiency of the marketing action, certain conditions have to be satisfied: among other things, the campaign has to be planned so as to present at most one offer to each prospective customer. The problem discussed here can be treated as a vector maximization problem. The consecutive components of the vector criterion function are the numbers of the services sold of each kind. The campaign may have as its objective the creation of a plan which maximizes the profit or the total number of the services sold. The problem can be also regarded as hierarchical; one can also apply other known scalarization approaches, which will be described here. The problems to be solved are large-scale binary linear programming problems. We present a possible solution of these problems using the R package.
Enhanced Selling on Digital Space via Matching Buyer and Seller Preferences Using Fuzzy MCDM Method
Authors: Joshi Kedar Pandurang , Alur Sivakumar
Published: October 2015

Usage of websites like Olx.in, Quikr.com is rapidly growing in India. One of the major difficulties faced by the users of such websites is the long-time taken to realize the search. This work proposes an integrated approach to searching, through matching in digital environment using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process considering multiple criteria. The objective of the study is to enable buyers to search the sellers effectively and efficiently. Efficient and effective search can help buyers narrow down to the desired matches and enhance seller's the chances of selling through online classified portal. Authors utilize a compatibility metric that enhances the probability of matchmaking with reduction in lead-time developed by Joshi and Kumar (2012). The study presents an illustration of matchmaking using a web portal, and demonstrates the MCDM methodology.
Some Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Geometric Aggregation Operators with Applications in Multi-Criteria Decision Making Process
Authors: Joshi Bhagawati Prasad
Published: October 2015

The aggregation operators play an important role in the fusion of multidimensional information in decision making process. In this study, a series of generalized aggregation operators such as: the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric (GIFWG) operator, the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (GIFOWG) operator and the generalized intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid geometric (GIHG) operator are proposed under intuitionistic fuzzy environment by controlling the power of the argument values with an additional parameter p. Some of the important properties and some special cases of these operators are also included in this study. Further, the developed approach is utilized to deal with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. Numerical examples are constructed to illustrate the developed approach effectively.
Fuzzy and Soft Poly-Optimization in the Digital Environment
Authors: Tarnowski Wojciech
Published: October 2015

TThe standard optimality problem is when the triad is given: , where x is the decision variables vector, F(x) is an overall optimality criterion and O(x) is a set of constraints, defined in a fully mathematical form. But in the real practice in business, logistics, medicine, and even in engineering – where a decision–maker has for his/her disposal comparatively good unique mathematical models – it is very rarely. Another trouble may be, the computations are time consuming and/or algorithms do not converged satisfactory. In this chapter examples of two non-standard techniques of poly-optimization (Multi Attribute Decision Making, Multi Criteria Decision Making) are presented. The first is a dialog procedure of finding satisfactory solution on hierarchical play of constraints, with extensive computer simulations, what is called here as a soft optimization. The other is a standard poly-optimization on fuzzy mathematical definition of criteria and of a model. A few examples are given.
FrFT Angle Division Multiple Access with Optimal Time-Frequency-Angle Resource Distribution
Authors: Wang Hui Qi , Lv Wangyong
Published: October 2015

In this paper, optimal time-frequency-angle (TFA) resource distribution is proposed. It is achieved by fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) angle division multiple access (ADMA), and multiple data streams can be transmitted in the same frequency and time slot. Comparing with conventional time-frequency (TF) resource based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, the exponential base at each sub-channel is replaced by a set of chirp bases, which keep mutually approximately orthogonal. Each base station (BS) can support more move stations (MSs) or cell throughput. Simulations show the essential advantages in TFA resource distribution and system spectrum efficiency.
Covariance-Based Wavefield Separation and its Application in Crosswell Seismic Data
Authors: Liu Bao Tong
Published: October 2015

This paper studied separation algorithms for Seismic signals with time dependence. A covariance-based procedure was adopted to compute the polarization angle in crosswell seismic data, accomplishing the separation of reflecting P wave and conversion SV wave. Numerical experiments show that the width of sliding windows should be 1.5 apparent period of seismogram. The results of experiments illustrate the procedure is effective.
A Threshold Speed Computation Algorithm in Adaptive DVS Scheduling
Authors: Sun Wei Qiang , Nie Shan Ren
Published: October 2015

Performance boosting of modern computing systems is constrained by the chip/circuit power dissipation. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has been applied for reducing the energy consumption by dynamically changing the supply voltage. One can apply an adaptive scheme by computing a threshold speed of the supplied voltage, and adopting greedy online DVS scheduling algorithm when the voltage exceeds the threshold while choosing a conservative speed on the contrary. This paper presents an algorithm to determine the threshold speed. The proposed algorithm allows to obtaining the threshold speed for the adaptive DVS scheduling algorithm more efficiently.
Design of a Low-Phase-Noise LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Authors: Dong Cheng Hong , Zhang Chang Chun , Guo Yu Feng , Liu Lei Lei , Ji Xin Cun , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2015

A novel low phase noise LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator (LC-VCO) is designed in standard 0.18μm CMOS technology. Instead of common NMOS cross-pairs for a conventional complementary LC VCO, both body-biasing and Q-enhancement techniques are employed to provide a larger negative resistance for the VCO. Post-layout simulations showed that it can oscillate at a frequency range of 4.34-4.73GHz, and comsume a supply current of 1.52mA from a supply voltage of 1.8V. The VCO achieves a phase noise of -132.8dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset and a figure of merit (FOM) of -195.9dBc/Hz at the frequency of 4.5GHz. A die area of 475μm×498.6μm is occupied.
A Fault Diagnosis Model for Power Transformer Using Association Rule Mining-Based on Rough Set
Authors: Wang De Wen , He Lin Xiao
Published: October 2015

With the development of on-line monitoring technology of electric power equipment, and the accumulation of both on-line monitoring data and off-line testing data, the data available to fault diagnosis of power transformer is bound to be massive. How to utilize those massive data reasonably is the issue that eagerly needs us to study. Since the on-line monitoring technology is not totally mature, which resulting in incomplete, noisy, wrong characters for monitoring data, so processing the initial data by using rough set is necessary. Furthermore, when the issue scale becomes larger, the computing amount of association rule mining grows dramatically, and its easy to cause data expansion. So it needs to use attribute reduction algorithm of rough set theory. Taking the above two points into account, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis model for power transformer using association rule mining-based on rough set.
Influencing of Spatial Information Distribution and Transformation Model on Quality of Coordinate Transformation
Authors: Meng Qing Wu , Zhang Hong Wen , Meng Lu
Published: October 2015

The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of coincidence points is the essential factor for the quality of coordinate transformation. The reliability indicators mean the distribution of spatial information, detectability and defensibility of noises respectively. The simulation indicators mean the simulation capacity for various requirements. Experiment has inspected influencing of distribution of spatial information and transformation model on the indicators. It is pointed out that some methods to improve distribution of spatial information, and the applicable condition for transformation models with their performances on the indicators above.
Evaluation of Lake Eutrophication Based on the HJ-1 Satellite Multispectral Data
Authors: Jiang Shun Yao , Xiong Qin Xue , Zhu Jian Qiang
Published: October 2015

Chinese domestic satellite HJ-1 was launched in 2008, now it has become a significant resource for environment monitoring because its Multispectral data are characterized by 2-day temporal resolution, 30 m spatial resolution and 700 km breadth. A study case was made that HJ-1 multispectral data were used for retrieving aggregative trophic level index (TLI()) of water body of lakes in Wuhan, China. The aim of this study is to evaluate the probability of HJ-1 Multispectral data on estimating the eutrophic level of inland water. At first, the TLI() of sampling spots of some lakes in Wuhan were calculated using the monitoring water quality data. In the mean time, the NDVI of corresponding spots were calculated from the HJ-1 multispectral data which had been taken radiometric calibration and geometric correction beforehand. After that, a remote sensing inversion model for TLI() had been built through linear regression using the NDVI as independent variables. Finally, the TLI() of all water bodies of Wuhan lakes were inversed with this model and a map for its spatial distribution was drawn up. Results demonstrated that there were good linear correlation relationships between the TLI() and NDVI of HJ-1 Multispectral data, and the distribution of inversed TLI() of the lakes accorded with the reality quite well. According to the above, an inference can be made that the methods to evaluate lakes eutrofication based on the HJ-1 satellite multispectral data may provide a cheap and rapid way for real-time monitoring and evaluation of lakes eutrophication.
Analysis on the Impact of the Data Acquisition Board on the Performance Indicators of the Virtual Multi-Channel Pulse Height Analyzer
Authors: Gao Feng , Yang Fang Fang
Published: October 2015

The DAB (Data Acquisition Board) is a key component of the VMPHA (Virtual Multi-channel Pulse Height Analyzer). In order to assist the design of the VMPHA, the influence of the DAB on the performances of the VMPHA has been studied through the method of theoretical analysis in this paper. The Sampling Rate, the LSB (Least Significant Bit) and the Data Transfer Rate of the DAB have decisive effects on the performance of the VMPHA. The Sampling Rate and the LSB are the two main factors that determine the energy resolution which is one of the most important performance indicators for the VMPHA. Another most important performance indicator for the VMPHA, the number of channels, is determined by the LSB alone. Moreover, the relationship among the three key performance parameters of the DAB is mutual influence. At the end of the paper, the selection method of the DAB for developing a VMPHA is summarized and presented.
Theoretical Framework and Research Methods of Poyang Lake Smart Water Resource Monitoring Based on WSN and 3S Technologies
Authors: Wu Jian Hua , Gong Jun , Hu Yue Zhi , Wan Yang Yang
Published: October 2015

Expounded research background and significance of Poyang Lake smart water resource monitoring, proposed a new theory research framework of Poyang Lake smart water resource monitoring based on WSN and 3S spatial information technologies, explored the related basic theories and methods which applied to the research of water resource smart monitoring, summarized the key issues in the researches of building wireless sensor network architecture and multi-sensor fusion physics platform for Poyang Lake water resource monitoring, methods of multi-sensor information extraction, access, processing and storage, the Poyang Lake water monitoring information spatializiation methods, multi-sensor data anomaly detection methods, and gave the research ideas and problem-solving strategies. Eventually, through the establishment of a practical and reliable Poyang Lake smart water resource monitoring system, improve flexibility, real-time, space visibility of water resource monitoring.
An Improved Congestion Control Mechanism Based on Mobile Agent for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yu Xiao Hu
Published: October 2015

An improved congestion control mechanism based on mobile agent for wireless sensor networks is proposed, which includes node-level congestion and link-level congestion control. The formers congestion information is collected and distributed by mobile agents (MA). When mobile agent travels through the networks, it can select a less-loaded neighbor node as its next hop and update the routing table according to the nodes congestion status. Minimum package of node outgoing traffic was preferentially transmitted in the link-level congestion. Simulation result shows that proposed mechanism attains high delivery ratio and throughput with reduced delay when compared with the existing technique.
Distributed Malicious Nodes Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Zhao Hui , Hu Ming Ming , Li Dong , Qi Xiao Gang
Published: October 2015

Data theft and node attack in wireless sensor networks causes great damage to the networks and the attacker destroys network and obtains the data of the network by malicious nodes distributed in the network. Therefore, it is necessary to detect these malicious nodes and to eliminate their influence. We propose a distributed malicious nodes detection protocol which called BMND based on Bayesian voting, every node determine its suspected malicious nodes by its request message and abnormal behavior. Also, we determine the malicious nodes by Bayesian voting, so that the network can protect itself from such malicious nodes influence. The simulation results show that our algorithm has good performance in both the detection rate and false positive rate.
Compressed Sensing-Based Data Gathering in WSN
Authors: Jiang San Lin , Wu Duo Long , Wu Yan Jie
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes an improved CS algorithm for WSN environmental monitoring. First, the algorithm applys approximate joint sparsity model (JSM) to analyze data. Further, with the improved clustering routing data gathering, that is, within each cluster applying CS-based data gathering methods, and cluster headers using the shortest path routing to sink node. Extensive simulation results show that this approach not only shrinks the distribution range of data processing to reduce recovery error, but greatly lessens numbers of data transmission times to maintain energy balance of the entire network.
Preliminary Analysis on the Wind Retrieval Method in Nowcasting
Authors: Li Nan , Mu Xiyu , Li Luan , Shao Nanqing
Published: October 2015

Extrapolation nowcasting of radar echoes is implemented based on reflectivity data and radial velocity data of Doppler weather radars. VAD algorithm is used to retrieve wind fields, which are used as motion vectors to implement the extrapolation for the reflectivity data within 60 mins. Extrapolation nowcasting results of a weather case by the method agree well with the fact according to radar echo images and statistics. However, nowcasting accuracy decreases as the extrapolation time increases.