bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ РЕГИОНА: МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И СИСТЕМНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Ахмедуев Абас Шапиевич
Published: October 2017

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются вопросы формирования и функционирования системы стратегического управления социально-экономическим развитием региона России на примере Республики Дагестан. Метод. Использован сравнительный логический, системный и статистический анализ. Результаты работы. Выявлены основные тенденции глобализации, кардинальной инновационной трансформации и нестабильности мировой экономики, формирования единого мирового рынка, интеграции и усиления взаимозависимости экономик развитых и развивающихся стран. Все это приводит к масштабным диспропорциям, перманентным кризисам в мировой экономике. В этих условиях устойчивое и сбалансированное социально-экономическое развитие объективно возможно только при эффективном государственном регулировании. Государственное регулирование экономического и социального развития особенно актуально для России и ее регионов. Для усиления роли и ответственности государства и органов власти за устойчивое и сбалансированное развитие необходимо преобразовать действующую фрагментарную систему государственного регулирования в цельную формализованную систему государственного стратегического управления. Правовую и методологическую основу для этого создает Федеральный закон «О стратегическом планировании в Российской Федерации». В Республике Дагестан формирование эффективной системы стратегического управления предусматривает закон о стратегическом планировании в Республике Дагестан и закон об утверждении Стратегии социально-экономического развития Республики Дагестан до 2025 года. Однако до сего времени система стратегического управления в республике не сформирована, ключевые положения этих законов не реализуются, необходимая для этого система стратегического планирования на муниципальном уровне не создана, планы мероприятий по реализации стратегии республики до 2025 года не отвечают требованиям Федерального закона «О стратегическом планировании в Российской Федерации» и не обеспечивают достижение стратегических целей — поэтапных количественных показателей (индикаторов) по временным этапам. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для формирования эффективной системы стратегического управления социально-экономическим развитием региона. Выводы. Для обеспечения долгосрочного устойчивого роста экономики необходимо усилить роль государственного регулирования путем создания на основе федеральных и республиканских законодательных актов эффективной цельной формализованной системы стратегического управления социально-экономическим развитием Республики Дагестан.
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ УГРОЗ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Мельников Андрей Алексеевич , Павлов Антон Владимирович , Сахаров Евгений Николаевич
Published: October 2017

Цель работы. В статье рассмотрен синергетический подход к построению методики прогнозирования угроз экономической безопасности Российской Федерации на основе анализа исторических циклов. Метод. В качестве инструментальной базы авторы предлагают механизм прогнозирования периодических колебаний экономической системы, обоснованный теорией волн Н.Д. Кондратьева, которая позволяет определить примерные сроки экономических кризисов и их причины. С целью выявления исторических параллелей, отражающих возможные сценарии развития событий в будущем, волны Кондратьева представлены в виде спирали. В качестве средства преодоления критических этапов в жизнедеятельности государства с последующим выходом на новый уровень развития определена идеология. Результаты работы. Циклический подход к видению ретроспективы экономической безопасности как теоретико-методологического основания методики прогнозирования угроз. Область применения результатов. Представляется, применение данной методики позволит проследить динамику геополитических тенденций, установить весь спектр условий, причин и оснований формирования вызовов экономической безопасности России, а также организовать стратегическое управление деятельностью правоохранительной системы по минимизации угрозообразования в сфере экономических интересов Российской Федерации. Выводы. 1. В целях совершенствования деятельности правоохранительной системы по обеспечению экономической безопасности Российской Федерации необходимо разработать методику прогнозирования угроз на стадии анализа геополитических тенденций и вызовов в сфере экономики. 2. В качестве теоретико-методологического основания данной методики авторы предлагают использовать циклическую модель ретроспективы экономической безопасности, построенную на основе синергетического подхода. 3. Представление волн Кондратьева в виде спирали позволяет выявить исторические параллели, отражающие возможные сценарии развития событий в будущем. 4. Средством преодоления критических этапов в жизнедеятельности государства с последующим выходом на новый уровень развития является идеология.
МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ — ОСНОВА РОСТА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ агропромышленного комплекса
Authors: Юнусова Патимат Сулеймановна
Published: October 2017

Предмет. Недостаточный уровень доходов сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей не позволяет им осуществлять модернизацию производства, что приводит к неконкурентоспособности продукции отрасли. Имеющийся потенциал предприятий перерабатывающей промышленности не позволяет обеспечить глубокую переработку сельскохозяйственной продукции, что вызывает необходимость их реконструкции и технического перевооружения. Проблема модернизации АПК актуализируется в условиях усиления глобальной конкуренции в агропродовольственной экономике и необходимости импортозамещения на российском агропродовольственном рынке. Цель работы. Преодоление зависимости от импорта агропродовольственной продукции на внутреннем рынке и создание условий для выпуска продукции конкурентоспособной на внешнем, в т. ч. международном, рынке. Метод или методология проведение работы. В работе проанализированы основные показатели результативности экономического механизма модернизации АПК. Использованы Государственная программа Республики Дагестан «Развитие сельского хозяйства и регулирование рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия на 2014–2020 годы», ВЦП «Развитие консервной промышленности и переработки продукции растениеводства в Республике Дагестан на 2016–2018 годы». Результаты. Модернизация АПК позволит поднять конкурентоспособность местной продукции, повысить уровень обеспеченности населения республики товарами собственного производства, обеспечить глубокую переработку сельскохозяйственного сырья, расширить ассортимент продукции. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы руководителями и специалистами, работающими в сфере АПК, региональными органами власти в их практической деятельности. Отдельные положения научного исследования могут представлять интерес для студентов, аспирантов и преподавателей, занимающихся вопросами модернизации предприятий АПК. Выводы. Реальные результаты модернизации ещё очень далеки от требуемых стандартов. Модернизация АПК проводится на основе зарубежной техники и технологии. В пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности используется оборудование, в основном, иностранного производства. Вместе с тем Россия обладает огромным потенциалом производства продукции АПК, и этот сектор, безусловно, будет развиваться.
МЕТОДИКИ РАЗВИТИЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВЫХ СТРАТЕГИЙ В СИСТЕМЕ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ИМИДЖА ТЕРРИТОРИИ
Authors: Гаджиева Наира Альбертовна , Магомедова Эльмира Алибековна
Published: October 2017

Цель работы. Исследование посвящено поиску направлений улучшения туристического имиджа территорий на примере Республик Северного Кавказа, в частности, Республики Дагестан, с позиций использования маркетинговых стратегий. Методология проведения работы. Рассмотрены конкретные методики в области повышения туристического имиджа территорий на основе применения территориального маркетинга и преимуществ, обеспечиваемых им. Исследование направлений развития территориального маркетинга осуществлено с учетом стратегий, направленных на повышение территориального имиджа туристического сектора экономики на примере различных территорий, и в частности Республики Дагестан. Многообразие мер в области применения территориального маркетинга можно представить в виде четырех укрупненных групп стратегий, нацеленных на привлечение посетителей и резидентов, развитие бизнес-отношений, промышленности и экспорта товаров и услуг территории. Эти стратегии условно могут быть выделены следующим образом: маркетинг имиджа, маркетинг притягательности, маркетинг инфраструктуры и маркетинг населения или персонала. Маркетинг имиджа территории по сравнению с другими стратегиями является менее затратным способом вследствие того, что он не требует коренных изменений инфраструктуры, а рассматривает направления по улучшению коммуникаций, информации, что, следовательно, призвано сформировать реальные факторы притягательности.

Выделен целый ряд стратегий работы с имиджем территории, каждая из которых целесообразна в конкретных условиях существования территории, при определенном состоянии ее имиджа и в зависимости от целей его изменения: положительный, излишне традиционный, противоречивый или смешанный имидж и др. Результаты. Выявлены основные стратегические направления повышения туристического имиджа Республики Дагестан с позиций совершенствования маркетинга территорий. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы в процессе совершенствования территориального маркетинга в системе повышения туристического имиджа территории Республики Дагестан. Выводы. Дальнейшее совершенствование стратегических маркетинговых подходов в аспекте повышения имиджа территории позволит эффективно развивать туристический кластер Республики Дагестан.
РЕСУРСНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АПК
Authors: Эминова Эльнара Мигажидиновна , Кардашова Маяхалун Абу-Ганиповна , Далгатова Изахат Далгатовна
Published: October 2017

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются концептуальные положения к содержанию ресурсного потенциала в условиях инновационного развития АПК. Метод или методология проведения работы. Основой данной работы являются фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых, которые связаны с инновационными проблемами в отечественной экономике — секторальной, отраслевой и региональной, а также управлением инновациями в АПК. Результаты. Ресурсный потенциал отрасли, субъекта хозяйствования или территории формируется за счет совокупности всех частных потенциалов, относящихся к индивидуальным видам ресурсов, принадлежащих к определенной организационной и территориальной ограниченности. Исследования показали, что достижение целей субъекта хозяйствования достигается при условии, что ресурсный потенциал инновационного развития хозяйствующих субъектов АПК является системой взаимоувязанных оптимальных ресурсных пропорций, как количественных, так и качественных. Поэтому для того, чтобы сформировать такой ресурсный потенциал, следует управлять процессом, связанным с его формированием, обновлением, развитием и использованием. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть применены органами управления агропромышленным комплексом при формировании системы управления инновационным развитием региональных агропромышленных комплексов и при использовании эффективных способов мобилизации ресурсного потенциала. Выводы. При сравнении с другими видами экономической деятельности ресурсный потенциал инновационного развития субъекта хозяйствования в агропромышленном комплексе является более сложной системой, состоящей из совокупности частных видов ресурсов, которые взаимосвязаны между собой и взаимозависимы друг от друга в период, когда происходит его формирование, обновление, развитие с целью получения прибыли.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ СКФО
Authors: Гасанов Магомед Алиевич
Published: October 2017

Цель работы. В статье рассматриваются современные организационно-экономические проблемы устойчивого развития производственной инфраструктуры региона. Ставит задачи: выявление факторов, влияющих на ускоренное развитие производственно-инфраструктурного комплекса СКФО; поиск и обоснование направлений устойчивого развития; определение роли производственной инфраструктуры на развитие экономики с позиций модернизацонных процессов. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен экономико-статистический анализ функционирования и развития производственной инфраструктуры СКФО. Основой исследования являются фундаментальные труды отечественных и зарубежных учёных в области экономики производственной инфраструктуры. В ходе исследования использованы экономико-статистические виды анализа, позволяющие выработать концептуальные подходы к устойчивому развитию производственной инфраструктуры региона. Результаты. Научные результаты по тематике исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании структурных составляющих производственной инфраструктуры страны и ее регионов. Среди них: разработаны методические подходы к реализации инновационной стратегии, предусматривающие эффективное использование георесурсов как важнейшего условия устойчивого развития экономики производственной инфраструктуры СКФО; выявление формы проявления закономерности и тенденции функционирования производственной инфраструктуры региона, учитывающие особенности ее формирования и совершенствования организационной структуры управления; предложена концепция развития экономики инфраструктурного комплекса региона, базирующаяся на принципах адаптации изменения внешней и внутренней среды на современном этапе; осуществлена разработка интегрированной системы комплексного развития экономики подотраслей производственной инфраструктуры на основе экономико-математической модели; определены основные направления совершенствования управления производственной инфраструктуры в условиях модернизации экономики и разработаны многофакторные экономико-статистической модели подотраслей инфраструктурного комплекса Северо-Кавказского Федерального Округа. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании структурных составляющих производственной инфраструктуры страны и ее регионов. Выводы. Делаются выводы, что научные разработки и сформулированные выводы направлены на дальнейшее развитие отрасли, повышение эффективности и функционирования предприятий производственной инфраструктуры.
Despertar de las vocaciones científicas, desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: López Norma Edith
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar la revisión bibliográfica de los modelos tradicionales de enseñanza de las ciencias naturales. La mejora de logros de aprendizajes en ciencias naturales es una materia pendiente en Latinoamérica. Más del 80 % de los estudiantes de 15 países investigados no han superado las pruebas de ciencias naturales en los cinco ejes temáticos analizados; salud, seres vivos, ambiente, tierra y el sistema solar, materia y energía, así como tampoco, se aplica el pensamiento crítico como un mecanismo para resolver problemas de contextos cotidianos. Dadas las dificultades de los docentes en entender cómo aplicar eficientemente la didáctica en la enseñanza de las ciencias, con esta revisión se ha organizado la información empírica, con el objeto de contrastar y encontrar convergencias entre los diversos modelos, que permita trazar un recorrido de oportunidades para la mejora del modelo de formación y la práctica docente en Paraguay donde se evidencian brechas importantes en pedagogía y contenidos de ciencias naturales.La crisis de la educación es sin duda, estructural, sin embargo, en lo que atañe específicamente a la enseñanza de las ciencias es absolutamente necesario plantear nuevos caminos pedagógicos, comprendiendo que un saber disciplinario no solo comprende un cúmulo de contenidos, sino que por sobre todo existen unos procedimientos didácticos propios, para enseñarlos. Procedimientos que, se definen y redefinen a la luz de las necesidades del siglo XXI. Lo anterior nos interpela a repensar la enseñanza de las ciencias, con un nuevo objetivo, la alfabetización científica universal y nos orienta a la necesaria pero impostergable mirada hacia implementación de un ajuste en el curriculum de la formación docente de ciencias naturales.
ILMU DAN EKSISTENSI KEBAHAGIAAN MENURUT AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Habibi ,
Published: October 2017

This article discusses about al-Ghazali’s concept, one of the Islamic greatest ulama, philosopher and Sufism. It would like to describe about the knowledge and happiness existence. For Al-Ghazali, the happiness couldn’t be released from the knowledge because by studying and inspiring of knowledge, the human being will be in happiness. And also, the achieved happiness is always running parallel with the level of the applied knowledge. The method in this journal is using library research and content analyzing. Al-Ghazali explained that body existence (material) would result the transitory happiness, while the soul existence (immaterial) would result the eternal happiness from the world up to the beyond. Al-Ghazali said that knowledge epistemology is divided by two sources of seeking. The first is humanity source, and the second is divinity source.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN MUHAMMAD ABDUH DAN PROSES MODERNISASI PESANTREN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Qudsi Saifuddin
Published: October 2017

Muhammad Abduh is one of Salaf-Sufism figure who has rational Islamic concept in modern era. He was a reformer rational concept. He said that muslim’s deterioration happened because of muslim was contaminated by unbending (jumud) in many aspects; language, Islamic law (syariah), faith and society system. For Islamic context in Indonesia, Abduh’s concept has placed important role of Islamic history in Indonesia. For example, Muhammadiyah organization. It is the proof and the result of Muhammad Abduh’s reformism in islam. As the admiration to Muhammad Abduh, Ahmad Dahlan as the founder of Muhammadiyah, include Muhammad Abduh’s concept in curriculum of Muhammadiyah Schools, especially in Risalah Tauhid.
Efektifitas Dakwah Kiai Melalui Majalah (Studi Atas Efek Tulisan Kiai Bagi Santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Al-Amien Prenduan)
Authors: Kuswandi Iwan
Published: October 2017

Dakwah (preaching) through writing can make scholars immortal. In addition to preach orally, Muslim scholars in this regard kiai of Islamic boarding school, should also be able to preach through writing. Doing these two methods could be considered as the perfect preaching of kiai. In terms of preaching through writing, kiai not only had to write a book, as classical scholars did. Nowadays, kiai should be able to do preach through mass communication media, such as writing in the magazine. This paper finds out that mostly the papers magazine of kiai are in accordance with the capacity of knowledge and interests for its readers (Santri-santriwati). Surely, there are some reasons for delight readers on the writings of kiai in magazines. One of them was due to see capacity knowledge of kiai. As for their internal motivations, can add their new knowledge by reading the writings of kiai in magazines. Even, it turns out that the writings of kiai also give influence to its readers, such as can motivate them to become authors.
IMPROVING LEGAL ARGUMENT CRITICALLY IN THE LITIGATION MECHANISM IN INDONESIA (AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL VERDICTS)
Authors: Lisdiyono Edy
Published: October 2017

Legal argument is a debate or argument in explaining the issues between two or more people performed in court. Legal argument is one way to perform law finding with the purpose to avoid legal vacuum when the judge makes a legal reasoning in a verdict. In making a legal argument, it is at least performed by legal reasoning, logic, facts. However, some judges, in making a decision, did not use the legal arguments by legal reasoning and facts so that it resulted in debates and arguments. It is  interesting to study on how to build legal argument in the litigation mechanism in Indonesia. Some verdicts in Indonesia have been the debate among the public through social media, by both academic and non-academic communities, because they were not based on the legal facts revealed at the trials and not in favor of the public sense of justice. Some of the examples are the verdict in the case of the environmental lawsuits of Lapindo Brantas Mud in Sidoarjo, the case verdict in Palembang District Court on the lawsuit filed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry on forest fires and land concessions of PT. Bumi Mekar Hijau in 2014. From the decisions, it turned out that the judges, in making the legal arguments for their decisions, had deviated from the analogy and were not based on the existing legal facts. In building legal arguments, it would have to be conducted by collecting data (evidence) and clear fact so that its solutions do not deviate from the rules of law
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE BANDUNG REGIONAL REGULATIONS ON THE ORDERLINESS, CLEANLINESS, AND THE BEAUTY
Authors: Anwar Yesmil , Sigid Suseno Sigid , Putri Nella Sumika
Published: October 2017

The Number of sidewalk vendors in Bandung has reached 11,000 with no decline in growth according to the survey conducted by Indonesian University of Education/ Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) in collaboration with Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda or regional development planning agency) Bandung. Sidewalk vendor is one of the main contributors to the dirtiness and traffic congestion in Bandung. Bandung has passed a Regional Regulation Numbered 3 and 5 about Cleanliness, Orderliness and the Beauty to prevent and to build the  sidewalk vendors. However, lack of legal awareness and law enforcement may constrain the effectiveness of the regulation. Those regulations are particularly Bandung Regional Regulation Numbered 4/ 2011 concerning sidewalk vendors in which imposing high fine sanction not only for the seller but also for the buyer to prevent them from violating those regulations. To analyze the the compliance level of society and the effectiveness of fine sanction for the violation of regulations, this research used juridical normative approach and comparative method by comparing the regulation in Bandung with other Regional regulations related to sidewalk vendors in other cities in Indonesia such as in Surakarta and Surabaya. This research found that the law enforcement to the violation of sidewalk vendors regulation in Bandung city is not optimum due to lack of awareness to obey the law. The criminal sanction such as fine and forced fees are not able to prevent the violation of sidewalk vendors regulations. This research suggest that The Regional government of Bandung City: (1) needs to find a right model to keep sidewalk vendors in order by looking at the characteristics of the society and its social culture; (2) needs to search for a way to increase society’s compliance to any policies made by the government; and (3) needs to revise the current regulation
RESEARCH-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: THE DEBATE BETWEEN ECOLOGY VERSUS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, economic growth continues to be driven not followed by equity and justice compliance.Cases of natural resources looting, pollution and environmental destruction, forest fires and illegal mining, as well as the neglect of the rights of indigenous peoples, into a series of major issues and need study are not limited to mono-discipline approach. A research in the field of management and protection of natural resources and environment are more important to be used as a basic study was a paradigm shift from all stakeholders and policy-makers to synergize the importance of ecological with various dimensions. To realize the balance of ecological and development (economic) interests, have been used a wide variety of approach to environmental management in Indonesia, includes, command and control, self-regulation, voluntarism, education and information instruments, and economic instruments. As it turns out in practice, however it needed more consistent policies in applying the principles of sustainable development for the control and utilization of environmental resources.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS: ARE THEY CORRELATED?
Authors: Romsan Achmad , Ali Farida , Idris Akhmad , Nugraha Adrian , Nurhidayatuloh Nurhidayatuloh , Isa Suzanna Mohamed
Published: October 2017

Climate change and global warming affect major change in freshwater availability and season uncertainty which hamper all part of the globe. Although the phenomenon is not new but it needs concerns from all the government of States around the world to  address the problem. If notthe drought and water shortages will directly and indirectly be the world problem and finally will ignite conflict over resources.Pollution and environmental degradation will also affect the sustainability of community’s economic activities. In Indonesia, since the enforcement of the first Environmental Management Act of 1982 up to the third Environmental Management Act of 2019, there have been forty one conflicts involving community and industries and palm plantation companies. All the conflicts are brought before the courts. Herein, industries and plantations are blamed for responsible for river water pollution and environmental degradation. Unfortunately, there is very little information in Indonesia obtained from the research reports, journals, news papers, magazines whether climate change and global warming also responsible for the occurrence of community environmental conflict. From the second data sources obtained from outsite Indonesia it is found that there is a link between climate change and community environmental disputes. The objectives of this paper tryto examine whether the cases submitted and solved by the District Courtsalso have some connection with the climate change phenomenon. Other objectives are to recommend to the Government of Indonesia to strengthen the existing regulations dealing with the climate change
The Enforcement of Criminal Law in the Utilization and Management of Forest Area Having Impact Toward Global Warming
Authors: Ifrani Ifrani , Nurhayati Yati
Published: October 2017

The rampant corruption is in the utilization and its influence on global warming. It is expected in the future, in addition to the availability of maps of forest area easily accessible with some clear regional boundaries, there are also institutional and human resource capacity strengthening in the areas permitting the process to prevent corruption in the management of forest areas in Indonesia resulted in the destruction of natural resources, especially forests. Various activities in that sector become a critical point of the occurrence of corruption cases. In addition to the inadequacy of the forest area maps, unclear set of area boundaries, and the violations of licensing criteria, the cases of illegal logging become the factors that cause damages to the forest land in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to find out the relationship between corruption in the permitting conversion of forest land field of the ministry. The method used in this study was descriptive analytical research describing and analyzing the available facts in accordance with the issue that became the object of the research study.
The Role of Public Notary in Providing Legal Protection on Standard Contracts for Indonesian Consumers
Authors: Yuanitasari Deviana
Published: October 2017

Public Notary is needed in conducting businesses of varying sectors. For example, people who want to own a house through a bank with House Ownership Loan (Kredit Pemilikan Rumah - KPR). Quite similar to a purchase of common loan contracts, the purchase of KPR contract is formulated into a standard contract. Its contents and clauses have been previously prepared by the bank. Then, bank customers as debtors only have the option to accept the entire contents and clauses of the KPR contract, otherwise they will not be granted KPR loan. As the consequence, the position of banks as lenders and customers as debtors are never equal. Debtors are powerless and have to comply with the content of the contract. This research discusses the protection given by notary in the drafting process of standard contract based on Law No 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen - UUPK) and Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Rules of Notary Profession (Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris - UUJN). The result of the study showed that a public notary has a strong foundation to protect consumers’ rights according to the UUPK. An application of this, among others, the notary’s refusal has to include the entire content of the KPR agreement into a deed before s/he could examine whether the two parties of the agreement occupy an equal position and have proportionate power. For instance, in the transfer of responsibility clause from a bank as a business owner – a notary is entitled to advise the bank that its activity has violated the UUPK. If the bank insists that the clause is instructed by its central bank, the notary can help explain that the revision of the clause will help the Bank avoid the violation of UUPK.
An Analysis of the Death Penalty in Indonesia Criminal Law
Authors: Rifai Eddy
Published: October 2017

This research uses normative juridical approach to study on the analysis of the death penalty executions and the legal policy of death executions in Indonesia. There are delays on death executions for the convicted person since they entitled to using rights namely filing a judicial review (PK/Peninjauan Kembali). Furthermore, the legal loophole in the execution of the death penalty by the publication of the Constitutional Court Number 107 / PUU-XIII / 2015 which assert that the Attorney as the executor can ask the convicted person or his family whether to use their rights or not if the convict clearly does not want to use his rights, the executions will be carried out. Legal policy on threats and the implementation of the death penalty in the draft of criminal code was agreed by draftsman of the bill with the solutions. The draftsman of the bill agrees that the death penalty will be an alternative punishment sentenced as a last resort to protect the society. The bill also regulates that the execution among others include that the execution can be delayed by ten years probations. If the public reaction on the convict is not too large or convict has regret and could fix it or the role in the crime is not very important and there is a reason to reduce punishment, the death penalty may be changed. For pregnant women and the mentally ill convicts the execution can only be carried after the birth and the person has recovered from mental illness. The existence of this solutions is still kept putting the death penalty in criminal law, whereas the effectiveness of the death penalty is scientifically still in doubt to solve crimes and to prevent crimes by the death penalty punishment.
Market Signals: Evidence on the Determinants and Consequences of School Choice From a Citywide Lottery
Authors: Glazerman Steven , Dotter Dallas
Published: October 2017

We estimate school-choice preferences revealed by the rank-ordered lists submitted by more than 22,000 applicants to a citywide lottery for more than 200 traditional and charter public schools in Washington, D.C. The results confirm previously reported findings that commuting distance, school demographics, and academic indicators play important roles in school choice and that there is considerable heterogeneity of preferences. Higher and lower income choosers respond to academic quality measures, but respond to different indicators of quality. Simulations suggest segregation by race and income would be reduced and enrollment in high-performing schools increased if policymakers were to relax school capacity constraints in individual campuses. The simulations also suggest that removing the lowest performing schools as choice options could further reduce segregation and increase enrollment in high-performing schools.
Detection of glioblastoma in biofluids
Authors: Figueroa Javier M. , Carter Bob S.
Published: October 2017

The detection of glioblastoma (GBM) in biofluids offers potential advantages over existing paradigms for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of glial tumors. Biofluid-based detection of GBM focuses on detecting tumor-specific biomarkers in the blood and CSF. Current clinical research concentrates on studying 3 distinct tumor-related elements: extracellular macromolecules, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells. Investigations into these 3 biological classifications span the range of locales for tumor-specific biomarker discovery, and combined, have the potential to significantly impact GBM diagnosis, monitoring for treatment response, and surveillance for recurrence. This review highlights the recent advancements in the development of biomarkers and their efficacy for the detection of GBM.
The proteome of pus from human brain abscesses: host-derived neurotoxic proteins and the cell-type diversity of CNS pus
Authors: Hassel Bjørnar , De Souza Gustavo Antonio , Stensland Maria Ekman , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Voie Øyvind , Dahlberg Daniel
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

What determines the extent of tissue destruction during brain abscess formation is not known. Pyogenic brain infections cause destruction of brain tissue that greatly exceeds the area occupied by microbes, as seen in experimental studies, pointing to cytotoxic factors other than microbes in pus. This study examined whether brain abscess pus contains cytotoxic proteins that might explain the extent of tissue destruction.

METHODS

Pus proteins from 20 human brain abscesses and, for comparison, 7 subdural empyemas were analyzed by proteomics mass spectrometry. Tissue destruction was determined from brain abscess volumes as measured by MRI.

RESULTS

Brain abscess volume correlated with extracellular pus levels of antibacterial proteins from neutrophils and macrophages: myeloperoxidase (r = 0.64), azurocidin (r = 0.61), lactotransferrin (r = 0.57), and cathelicidin (r = 0.52) (p values 0.002–0.018), suggesting an association between leukocytic activity and tissue damage. In contrast, perfringolysin O, a cytotoxic protein from Streptococcus intermedius that was detected in 16 patients, did not correlate with abscess volume (r = 0.12, p = 0.66). The median number of proteins identified in each pus sample was 870 (range 643–1094). Antibiotic or steroid treatment prior to pus evacuation did not reduce the number or levels of pus proteins. Some of the identified proteins have well-known neurotoxic effects, e.g., eosinophil cationic protein and nonsecretory ribonuclease (also known as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin). The cellular response to brain infection was highly complex, as reflected by the presence of proteins that were specific for neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, platelets, fibroblasts, or mast cells in addition to plasma and erythrocytic proteins. Other proteins (neurofilaments, myelin basic protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) were specific for brain cells and reflected damage to neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, respectively. Pus from subdural empyemas had significantly higher levels of plasma proteins and lower levels of leukocytic proteins than pus from intracerebral abscesses, suggesting greater turnover of the extracellular fluid of empyemas and washout of pus constituents.

CONCLUSIONS

Brain abscess pus contains leukocytic proteins that are neurotoxic and likely participate actively in the excessive tissue destruction inherent in brain abscess formation. These findings underscore the importance of rapid evacuation of brain abscess pus.
Chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation for adult drug-resistant focal epilepsy: safety, feasibility, and technique
Authors: Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Stead Matthew , Lundstrom Brian Nils , Britton Jeffrey W. , Shin Cheolsu , Cascino Gregory D. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Worrell Gregory A. , Van Gompel Jamie J.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Epilepsy surgery is effective for lesional epilepsy, but it can be associated with significant morbidity when seizures originate from eloquent cortex that is resected. Here, the objective was to describe chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation and evaluate its early surgical safety profile in adult patients with epilepsy originating from seizure foci in cortex that is not amenable to resection.

METHODS

Adult patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy underwent intracranial electroencephalography monitoring for evaluation of resection. Those with seizure foci in eloquent cortex were not candidates for resection and were offered a short therapeutic trial of continuous subthreshold cortical stimulation via intracranial monitoring electrodes. After a successful trial, electrodes were explanted and permanent stimulation hardware was implanted.

RESULTS

Ten patients (6 males) who underwent chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation between 2014 and 2016 were included. Based on radiographic imaging, intracranial pathologies included cortical dysplasia (n = 3), encephalomalacia (n = 3), cortical tubers (n = 1), Rasmussen encephalitis (n = 1), and linear migrational anomaly (n = 1). The duration of intracranial monitoring ranged from 3 to 20 days. All patients experienced an uneventful postoperative course and were discharged home with a median length of stay of 10 days. No postoperative surgical complications developed (median follow-up length 7.7 months). Seizure severity and seizure frequency improved in all patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ institutional experience with this small group shows that chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation can be safely and effectively performed in appropriately selected patients without postoperative complications. Future investigation will provide further insight to recently published results regarding mechanism and efficacy of this novel and promising intervention.
Suprafloccular approach via the petrosal fissure and venous corridors for microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve: technique notes and clinical outcomes
Authors: Wang Hao , Ying Xiang , Yu Wen H. , Zhu Qiang , Dong Xiao Q. , Sheng Yong F. , Wang Ding
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Surgical exposure and decompression of the entire trigeminal nerve in a conventional lateral supracerebellar approach can be challenging because of blockages from the superior petrosal vein complex, cerebellum, and vestibulocochlear nerve. The authors demonstrate a novel suprafloccular approach via the petrosal fissure and venous corridors that can be used as a substitute for the conventional route used to treat trigeminal neuralgia and present a consecutive series of patients and their clinical outcomes.

METHODS

Preoperative and postoperative clinical data from 420 patients who underwent this modified approach at Hangzhou First People’s Hospital between March 2012 and May 2014 were reviewed. The technique expands the working space by opening the petrosal fissure and dissecting adhesions between the vein of the cerebellopontine fissure and the simple lobule as needed. Via 3 surgical corridors, the entire trigeminal nerve is exposed and decompressed thoroughly with minimal retraction of the surrounding vital structures.

RESULTS

The medial one-third of the trigeminal nerve accounted for the majority (275 [65.5%] cases) of neurovascular conflict sites. The lateral corridor was used in 219 (52.1%) cases, the medial corridor was used in 175 (41.7%) cases, and the intermediate corridor was used in 26 (6.2%) cases. The entire trigeminal nerve in each patient was accessed directly and decompressed properly. At the end of the 24-month follow-up period, the rate of excellent results (Kondo score of T0 or T1) was stable at approximately 90.5%. No complications were related directly to petrosal vein or vestibulocochlear nerve injury.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on data from the large patient series, the authors found this suprafloccular approach via the petrosal fissure and venous corridors provides full exposure and decompression of the entire trigeminal nerve, a high cure rate, and a low neurovascular morbidity rate.
Intradural spine surgery may not carry an increased risk of shunt revision compared with extradural spine surgery in pediatric patients with myelomeningocele
Authors: Kuhn Elizabeth N. , Hopson Betsy , Conklin Michael J. , Blount Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Patients with myelomeningocele are often affected by scoliosis and tethered cord syndrome, and frequently require spine surgery. Intradural spine surgeries may carry an inherently higher risk of inducing shunt malfunction due to entry into the subarachnoid space. In this study, the authors sought to compare rates of shunt malfunction after intradural and extradural spine surgeries among pediatric patients with myelomeningocele.

METHODS

The authors reviewed records of the National Spina Bifida Program Registry for Children’s Hospital of Alabama. The Exago reporting function was used to identify patients who had received at least one of the following procedures: shunt revision, tethered cord release (TCR), or spinal fusion for deformity. The registry records were reviewed for all identified patients to determine if a shunt revision was performed within the 1st year after TCR or spinal fusion.

RESULTS

Final analyses included 117 patients, of whom 39 underwent spinal fusion and 78 underwent TCR. Among patients who underwent spinal fusion, shunt revision was performed within 30 days in 2 patients (5.1%), within 60 days in 2 (5.1%), within 90 days in 4 (10.3%), and within 1 year in 5 (12.8%). Among patients who underwent TCR, shunt revision was performed within 30 days in 7 patients (9.0%), within 60 days in 10 (12.8%), within 90 days in 11 (14.1%), and within 1 year in 17 (21.8%). Using the log-rank test, there was no significant difference in Kaplan-Meier curves between intradural and extradural groups (p = 0.59).

CONCLUSIONS

In a review of single-institution registry data, the authors found no statistically significant difference in the risk of shunt malfunction after intradural and extradural spine surgeries.
A new natural indole and three aporphine alkaloids from Monodora bevipes Benth. (Annonaceae)
Authors: Eric Dade J.M. , Siomenan Coulibali , Prévost Kouamé Bi Koffi François , Claude Kablan Ahmont Landry , Charles Kodjo , Doumade Zon , Aminata Akoubet , Marcelline Adiko , Sandrine Aka Any-Grah , Jean-François Kablan Richmond , Leon Djakouré A. , Barthélemy Attioua Koffi
Published: October 2017

Four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Monodora brevipes Benth. (Annonaceae). Among them, one new natural indole named 5-formylindole (1) and three known aporphine alkaloids: (+)-roemeroline (2); (+)-corydine (3) and (+)-menispermine (4). They were isolated for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were established according to their spectral data (NMR, SM, IR and UV).Eric et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2017, 6(7): 40-43http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue7/01.pdf
Assessing the influence of life form and life cycle on the response of desert plants to past climate change: Genetic diversity patterns of an herbaceous lineage ofNolanaalong western South America
Authors: Ossa Paulina G. , Armesto Juan J. , Pérez Fernanda
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Plant responses to past climate change could have been shaped by life‐history traits. Here we explore the influence of life form on the response of xerophytic plants to Quaternary climate fluctuations, through a comparison of genetic patterns of codistributed herbaceous and shrubby lineages of the genusNolana.

METHODS:

We reconstructed the phylogeographic history of a herbaceous lineage of three species ofNolanadistributed from a northern arid zone (30°S) to a southern wet‐temperate (42°S) zone, by sequencing two cpDNA regions. Results were compared with similar data published earlier for a congeneric, codistributed shrubby lineage.

KEY RESULTS:

We detected significant genetic differentiation among populations. Divergence of all haplotypes occurred during the Pleistocene, between 245 and 62 kyr ago. For both the shrubby and herbaceous lineages, the greatest haplotype diversity was found in their northern range. However, herbs also retained some diversity at higher latitude. Herbaceous populations were less genetically structured and less differentiated than shrubby ones.

CONCLUSION:

Genetic evidence revealed that both lineages ofNolanasurvived climate change through the Quaternary, experiencing population collapses and recoveries. Phylogeographic histories present similarities between the two lineages, but also marked differences that can be explained by their differences in life form and life cycle. While the shrubby lineage followed the classical pattern of postglacial expansion toward higher latitudes, species in the herbaceous lineage showed evidence of long‐lasting persistence at the southern edge of their current range, suggesting for the first time multiple glacial refugia for a xerophytic plant in southern South America.
Suppression of low-energy dissociative electron attachment in Fe(CO)5 upon clustering
Authors: Lengyel Jozef , Papp Peter , Matejčík Štefan , Kočišek Jaroslav , Fárník Michal , Fedor Juraj
Published: October 2017

In this work, we probe anion production upon electron interaction with Fe(CO)5 clusters using two complementary cluster-beam setups. We have identified two mechanisms that lead to synthesis of complex anions with mixed Fe/CO composition. These two mechanisms are operative in distinct electron energy ranges. It is shown that the elementary decomposition mechanism that has received perhaps the most attention in recent years (i.e., dissociative electron attachment at energies close to 0 eV) becomes suppressed upon increasing aggregation of iron pentacarbonyl. We attribute this suppression to the electrostatic shielding of a long-range interaction that strongly enhances the dissociative electron attachment in isolated Fe(CO)5.
Insights into the Pathogenesis and Clinicopathological Spectrum of Oral Vegetable Granuloma. Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: Patil Shankargouda , Rao Roopa S. , Raj A. Thirumal , Venkataswamy Pavithra , Haragannavar Vanishree , Nambiar Shwetha , Augustine Dominic , Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya , Sarode Sachin , Sarode Gargi
Published: October 2017

Oral vegetable granuloma represents an inflammatory lesion of foreign body origin resulting from the implantation of vegetable matter. Controversy regarding its pathogenesis is reflected by the various terminologies used to describe the lesion. Its diverse clinical presentations are due to variations in the antigenic potential of the vegetable material and the host response. As the diagnosis is solely histopathological, it is critical to differentiate vegetable granuloma from other oral granulomatous lesions like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Wegner’s granulomatosis. Here, we report six cases with the varied clinicopathological presentation of hyaline ring granulomas in association with different pathological lesions.