bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Note on Aerosol Processing by Droplet Collision‐Coalescence
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian , Feingold Graham
Published: June 2023

The processing of aerosol by droplet collision‐coalescence is analyzed in three‐dimensional simulations of drizzling stratocumulus using a Lagrangian cloud model for the representation of aerosol and cloud microphysics. Collision‐coalescence processing is shown to create a characteristic bimodality in the aerosol size distribution. We show that the large‐scale dynamics of the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer are key to understanding the amount of time available for collision‐coalescence processing. The large‐scale dynamics enable aerosol particles to repeat a cycle of droplet condensation, collision‐coalescence, and evaporation, which causes a steady increase in aerosol size. This process is continued until the aerosol grows so large that droplet growth is substantially accelerated and multiple collisions occur within one cycle, forming precipitation‐sized droplets that are lost to the surface, including the aerosol. An analytical relationship is derived that captures the fundamental shape of the processed aerosol size distribution.
Leveraging genetic overlap between irritability and psychiatric disorders to identify genetic variants of major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Jung Kyeongmin , Yoon Joohyun , Ahn Yeeun , Kim Soyeon , Shim Injeong , Ko Hyunwoong , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Kim Jaeyoung , Kim Hyejin , Lee Dong June , Cha Soojin , Lee Hyewon , Kim Beomsu , Cho Min Young , Cho Hyunbin , Kim Dan Say , Kim Jinho , Park Woong-Yang , Park Tae Hwan , O`Connell Kevin S. , Andreassen Ole A. , Myung Woojae , Won Hong-Hee
Published: June 2023

Irritability is a heritable core mental trait associated with several psychiatric illnesses. However, the genomic basis of irritability is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) identify the genetic variants associated with irritability and investigate the associated biological pathways, genes, and tissues as well as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability; 2) explore the relationships between irritability and various traits, including psychiatric disorders; and 3) identify additional and shared genetic variants for irritability and psychiatric disorders. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 379,506 European samples (105,975 cases and 273,531 controls) from the UK Biobank. We utilized various post-GWAS analyses, including linkage disequilibrium score regression, the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR), and conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate approaches. This GWAS identified 15 independent loci associated with irritability; the total SNP heritability estimate was 4.19%. Genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders were most pronounced for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar II disorder (BD II). MiXeR analysis revealed polygenic overlap with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar I disorder (BD I), and MDD. Conditional false discovery rate analyses identified additional loci associated with SCZ (number [n] of additional SNPs = 105), BD I (n = 54), MDD (n = 107), and irritability (n = 157). Conjunctional false discovery rate analyses identified 85, 41, and 198 shared loci between irritability and SCZ, BD I, and MDD, respectively. Multiple genetic loci were associated with irritability and three main psychiatric disorders. Given that irritability is a cross-disorder trait, these findings may help to elucidate the genomics of psychiatric disorders.
SIRT1 ubiquitination is regulated by opposing activities of APC/C-Cdh1 and AROS during stress-induced premature senescence
Authors: Lee Sang Hyup , Yang Ji-Hye , Park Ui-Hyun , Choi Hanbyeul , Kim Yoo Sung , Yoon Bo-Eun , Han Hye-Jeong , Kim Hyun-Taek , Um Soo-Jong , Kim Eun-Joo
Published: June 2023

SIRT1, a member of the mammalian sirtuin family, is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase with key roles in aging-related diseases and cellular senescence. However, the mechanism by which SIRT1 protein homeostasis is controlled under senescent conditions remains elusive. Here, we revealed that SIRT1 protein is significantly downregulated due to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation during stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and that SIRT1 physically associates with anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitin-dependent SIRT1 degradation is stimulated by the APC/C coactivator Cdh1 and not by the coactivator Cdc20. We found that Cdh1 depletion impaired the SIPS-promoted downregulation of SIRT1 expression and reduced cellular senescence, likely through SIRT1-driven p53 inactivation. In contrast, AROS, a SIRT1 activator, reversed the SIRT1 degradation induced by diverse stressors and antagonized Cdh1 function through competitive interactions with SIRT1. Furthermore, our data indicate opposite roles for Cdh1 and AROS in the epigenetic regulation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes IL-6 and IL-8. Finally, we demonstrated that pinosylvin restores downregulated AROS (and SIRT1) expression levels in bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary senescent tissue while repressing bleomycin-promoted Cdh1 expression. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of the reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 stability by APC/C-Cdh1 and AROS during stress-induced premature senescence, and our findings suggest pinosylvin as a potential senolytic agent for pulmonary fibrosis.
The effectiveness of global protected areas for climate change mitigation
Authors: Duncanson L. , Liang M. , Leitold V. , Armston J. , Krishna Moorthy S. M. , Dubayah R. , Costedoat S. , Enquist B. J. , Fatoyinbo L. , Goetz S. J. , Gonzalez-Roglich M. , Merow C. , Roehrdanz P. R. , Tabor K. , Zvoleff A.
Published: June 2023

Forests play a critical role in stabilizing Earth’s climate. Establishing protected areas (PAs) represents one approach to forest conservation, but PAs were rarely created to mitigate climate change. The global impact of PAs on the carbon cycle has not previously been quantified due to a lack of accurate global-scale carbon stock maps. Here we used ~412 million lidar samples from NASA’s GEDI mission to estimate a total PA aboveground carbon (C) stock of 61.43 Gt (+/− 0.31), 26% of all mapped terrestrial woody C. Of this total, 9.65 + /− 0.88 Gt of additional carbon was attributed to PA status. These higher C stocks are primarily from avoided emissions from deforestation and degradation in PAs compared to unprotected forests. This total is roughly equivalent to one year of annual global fossil fuel emissions. These results underscore the importance of conservation of high biomass forests for avoiding carbon emissions and preserving future sequestration.
Identification of a covert evolutionary pathway between two protein folds
Authors: Chakravarty Devlina , Sreenivasan Shwetha , Swint-Kruse Liskin , Porter Lauren L.
Published: June 2023

Although homologous protein sequences are expected to adopt similar structures, some amino acid substitutions can interconvert α-helices and β-sheets. Such fold switching may have occurred over evolutionary history, but supporting evidence has been limited by the: (1) abundance and diversity of sequenced genes, (2) quantity of experimentally determined protein structures, and (3) assumptions underlying the statistical methods used to infer homology. Here, we overcome these barriers by applying multiple statistical methods to a family of ~600,000 bacterial response regulator proteins. We find that their homologous DNA-binding subunits assume divergent structures: helix-turn-helix versus α-helix + β-sheet (winged helix). Phylogenetic analyses, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and AlphaFold2 models indicate that amino acid substitutions facilitated a switch from helix-turn-helix into winged helix. This structural transformation likely expanded DNA-binding specificity. Our approach uncovers an evolutionary pathway between two protein folds and provides a methodology to identify secondary structure switching in other protein families.
Structural interplay of anesthetics and paralytics on muscle nicotinic receptors
Authors: Goswami Umang , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Teng Jinfeng , Hibbs Ryan E.
Published: June 2023

General anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers are used together during surgery to stabilize patients in an unconscious state. Anesthetics act mainly by potentiating inhibitory ion channels and inhibiting excitatory ion channels, with the net effect of dampening nervous system excitability. Neuromuscular blockers act by antagonizing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the motor endplate; these excitatory ligand-gated ion channels are also inhibited by general anesthetics. The mechanisms by which anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers inhibit nicotinic receptors are poorly understood but underlie safe and effective surgeries. Here we took a direct structural approach to define how a commonly used anesthetic and two neuromuscular blockers act on a muscle-type nicotinic receptor. We discover that the intravenous anesthetic etomidate binds at an intrasubunit site in the transmembrane domain and stabilizes a non-conducting, desensitized-like state of the channel. The depolarizing neuromuscular blocker succinylcholine also stabilizes a desensitized channel but does so through binding to the classical neurotransmitter site. Rocuronium binds in this same neurotransmitter site but locks the receptor in a resting, non-conducting state. Together, this study reveals a structural mechanism for how general anesthetics work on excitatory nicotinic receptors and further rationalizes clinical observations in how general anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers interact.
3D modelling and simulation of the impact of wearing a mask on the dispersion of particles carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a railway transport coach
Authors: Armand Patrick , Tâche Jérémie
Published: June 2023

Even though the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be stagnating or decreasing across the world, a resurgence of the disease or the occurrence of other epidemics caused by the aerial dissemination of pathogenic biological agents cannot be ruled out. These agents, in particular the virions of the Covid-19 disease, are found in the particles originating from the sputum of infected symptomatic or asymptomatic people. In previous research, we made use of a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to simulate particle transport and dispersion in ventilated semi-confined spaces. By way of illustration, we considered a commuter train coach in which an infected passenger emitted droplets (1 and 10 µm) and drops (100 and 1000 µm) while breathing and coughing. Using an Eulerian approach and a Lagrangian approach, we modelled the dispersion of the particles in the turbulent flow generated by the ventilation of the coach. The simulations returned similar results from both approaches and clearly demonstrated the very distinct aerodynamics of the aerosol of airborne droplets and, at the other end of the spectrum, of drops falling or behaving like projectiles depending on their initial velocity. That numerical study considered passengers without protective masks. In this new phase of research, we first used literature data to develop a model of a typical surgical mask for use on a digital manikin representing a human. Next, we resumed the twin experiment of the railway coach, but this time, the passengers (including the infected one) were provided with surgical masks. We compared the spatial and temporal distributions of the particles depending on whether the spreader passenger wore a mask at all, and whether the mask was perfectly fitted (without leaks) or worn loosely (with leaks). Beyond demonstrating the obvious value of wearing a mask in limiting the dissemination of particles, our model and our simulations allow a quantification of the ratio of particles suspended in the coach depending on whether the infected passenger wears a mask or not. Moreover, the calculations carried out constitute only one illustrative application among many others, not only in public transport, but in any other public or private ventilated space on the basis of the same physical models and digital twins of the places considered. CFD therefore makes it possible to estimate the criticality of the occupation of places by people with or without a mask and to recommend measures in order to limit aerial contamination by any kind of airborne pathogen, such as the virions of Covid-19.
On the thermodynamics of DNA methylation process
Authors: Sanchez Robersy , Mackenzie Sally A.
Published: June 2023

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays important roles in various biological processes including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, genomic imprinting, aging, and stress response to environmental changes and disease. Consistent with thermodynamic principles acting within living systems and the application of maximum entropy principle, we propose a theoretical framework to understand and decode the DNA methylation process. A central tenet of this argument is that the probability density function of DNA methylation information-divergence summarizes the statistical biophysics underlying spontaneous methylation background and implicitly bears on the channel capacity of molecular machines conforming to Shannon’s capacity theorem. On this theoretical basis, contributions from the molecular machine (enzyme) logical operations to Gibb entropy (S) and Helmholtz free energy (F) are intrinsic. Application to the estimations of S on datasets from Arabidopsis thaliana suggests that, as a thermodynamic state variable, individual methylome entropy is completely determined by the current state of the system, which in biological terms translates to a correspondence between estimated entropy values and observable phenotypic state. In patients with different types of cancer, results suggest that a significant information loss occurs in the transition from differentiated (healthy) tissues to cancer cells. This type of analysis may have important implications for early-stage diagnostics. The analysis of entropy fluctuations on experimental datasets revealed existence of restrictions on the magnitude of genome-wide methylation changes originating by organismal response to environmental changes. Only dysfunctional stages observed in the Arabidopsis mutant met1 and in cancer cells do not conform to these rules.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in 27 countries
Authors: Huang Guogui , Guo Fei , Zimmermann Klaus F. , Liu Lihua , Taksa Lucy , Cheng Zhiming , Tani Massimiliano , Franklin Marika
Published: June 2023

The expected year-on-year intrinsic mortality variations/changes are largely overlooked in the existing research when estimating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality patterns. To fill this gap, this study provides a new assessment of the loss of life expectancy caused by COVID-19 in 27 countries considering both the actual and the expected changes in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020. Life expectancy in 2020 and the expected life expectancy in the absence of COVID-19 are estimated using the Lee-Carter model and data primarily from the Human Mortality Database. The results show that life expectancy in 21 of the 27 countries was expected to increase in 2020 had COVID-19 not occurred. By considering the expected mortality changes between 2019 and 2020, the study shows that, on average, the loss of life expectancy among the 27 countries in 2020 amounted to 1.33 year (95% CI 1.29–1.37) at age 15 and 0.91 years (95% CI 0.88–0.94) at age 65. Our results suggest that if the year-on-year intrinsic variations/changes in mortality were considered, the effects of COVID-19 on mortality are more profound than previously understood. This is particularly prominent for countries experiencing greater life expectancy increase in recent years.
Protocol development to further differentiate and transition stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors from a monolayer into endocrine cells in suspension culture
Authors: Braam Mitchell J. S. , Zhao Jia , Liang Shenghui , Ida Shogo , Kloostra Nick K. , Iworima Diepiriye G. , Tang Mei , Baker Robert K. , Quiskamp Nina , Piret James M. , Kieffer Timothy J.
Published: June 2023

The generation of functional β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling of diabetes is being investigated by many groups. We have developed a protocol to harvest and aggregate hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors generated using a commercially available kit into near uniform spheroids and to further differentiate the cells toward an endocrine cell fate in suspension culture. Using a static suspension culture platform, we could generate a high percentage of insulin-expressing, glucose-responsive cells. We identified FGF7 as a soluble factor promoting aggregate survival with no inhibitory effect on endocrine gene expression. Notch inhibition of pancreatic progenitor cells during aggregation improved endocrine cell induction in vitro and improved graft function following implantation and further differentiation in mice. Thus we provide an approach to promote endocrine formation from kit-derived pancreatic progenitors, either through extended culture or post implant.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of LKB1 expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Guojiang , Liu Baiying
Published: June 2023

Many studies report Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) plays a critical role in gastric cancer (GC). However, the relationship between LKB1 and the clinicopathological parameters of GC patients remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the above question and re-evaluate the prognostic significance of LKB1 in GC patients. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wan Fang to identify relevant studies published before April 20, 2023. After careful screening, 11 studies involving 1767 patients were included. We found that LKB1 expression was significantly related to tumor size (OR 0.515; 95% CI 0.316–0.839; P < 0.01), differentiation (OR 0.643; 95% CI 0.521–0.794; P < 0.001), depth of invasion (OR 0.397; 95% CI 0.319–0.494; P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (OR 0.487; 95% CI 0.397–0.598; P = 0.01), and TNM stage (OR 0.362; 95% CI 0.293–0.447; P = 0.006). However, LKB1 was unrelated to gender and age (P > 0.05). Moreover, low LKB1 expression was significant correlate with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.29–1.96; P < 0.001). In conclusion, LKB1 expression is related to tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage, and low LKB1 expression can predict a poor prognosis. LKB1 is a potentially valuable prognosis signature and therapeutic target in GC patients.
Aza-Claisen rearrangement as a key step in synthesis of specialised anilines used in the production of efficient ethenolysis catalysts
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Struzik Filip , Purohit Vishal , Grela Karol , Kajetanowicz Anna
Published: June 2023

Synthesis of new CAAC ruthenium complexes based on cheap anilines with excellent activity in ethenolysis reactions.
Trimerized small-molecule acceptors enable high-performance organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and prolonged life-time
Authors: Lee Jin-Woo , Sun Cheng , Phan Tan Ngoc-Lan , Lee Dong Chan , Tan Zhengping , Jeon Hyesu , Cho Shinuk , Kwon Soon-Ki , Kim Yun-Hi , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: June 2023

We report a new trimer acceptor (TYT) composed of three Y-based molecules connected by electron-donating spacers. The TYT enables a high-performance and stable organic solar cell (OSC) with at80%lifetime >8000 h under 1 sun illumination.
Functionalized ZnMnFe2O4–PEG–FA nanoenzymes integrating diagnosis and therapy for targeting hepatic carcinoma guided by multi-modality imaging
Authors: Liu Jifa , Shi Xinglong , Qu Yangcui , Wang Guannan
Published: June 2023

ZnMnFe2O4–PEG–FA nanoenzymes are used for synergistic tumour cell ablation via the integration of PTT, POD-like nanozyme-catalyzed therapy and PAI/MRI multi-modality diagnosis in situ.
Capped ZnO quantum dots with a tunable photoluminescence for acetone detection
Authors: Saber Goerget , El-Dissouky Ali , Badie Gamal , Ebrahim Shaker , Shokry Azza
Published: June 2023

Preparation of APTES/ZnO QDs and the PL enhancement of APTES/ZnO QDs toward acetone concentrations (0.1–18 mM).
Stimuli-responsive nanocarrier delivery systems for Pt-based antitumor complexes: a review
Authors: Wang Tianshuai , Wu Chen , Hu Yanggen , Zhang Yan , Ma Junkai
Published: June 2023

Endogenous stimuli responsive nanocarrier, extracorporeal stimuli responsive nanocarrier and multistimuli responsive nanocarrier drug delivery systems of platinum-based antitumor drugs were summarized.
Constructing a well-wettable interface on a three-dimensional copper foam host with reinforced copper nanowires to stabilize zinc metal anodes
Authors: Fang Yixing , Han Kun , Wang Zhen , Shi Jie , Li Ping , Qu Xuanhui
Published: June 2023

Cu nanowires on the 3D copper foam are designed as the zincophilic host for zinc anodes. The arrangement of the Cu nanowires induces a capillary-like effect, which has a positive impact on the zinc deposition behavior and structural stability.
Construction of Fe-doped ZIF-8/DOX nanocomposites for ferroptosis strategy in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Zhong Yuyu , Peng Zhaoxi , Peng Yanqiong , Li Bo , Pan Ying , Ouyang Qin , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Muddassir Mohd. , Liu Jianqiang
Published: June 2023

The DOX@7FZ was able to enhance the ROS level in cancer cells via a synergistic effect between apoptosis/ferroptosis synergism.
Synthesis and characterization of a large Stokes-shifted fluorescent imide and its related polyimides bearing 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole moieties
Authors: Luo Yuehong , Chen Kaijin , Wang Wenhui , Bei Ruxin , Li Chuying , Long Yubo , Zhou Zhuxin , Liu Siwei , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2023

A large Stokes-shifted fluorescent imide and its related polyimides were first designed and synthesized by introducing an excited state intramolecular proton transfer fluorophore 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT).
Associations of Dietary Intake With Self-Reported Hearing Loss: Findings From the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin
Authors: Dillard Lauren K. , Nelson-Bakkum Erin , Schultz Amy , Merten Natascha , Malecki Kristen
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations of dietary intake components with hearing loss.

Method:

Participants were from the population-based Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. The Block food frequency questionnaire measured dietary intake of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, free (added) sugars, fruits, vegetables, saturated and trans fats, and glycemic index. Intake was categorized into quintiles (Q). Hearing loss was self-reported. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of dietary determinants with hearing loss. Results are presented as odds ratios (
OR
s) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Final models were adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, and regular physical activity.

Results:

There were 2,839 participants (56% women;
M
age
= 48.2 [
SD
= 14.5] years) included. Higher consumption of trans fat (Q5:
OR
= 1.83, 95% CI [1.27, 2.64]) and higher glycemic index (Q5:
OR
= 1.34, 95% CI [1.00, 1.80]) were associated with increased odds of hearing loss. Hearing loss was associated with fruit, saturated- and trans-fat intake in women, and trans-fat intake and glycemic index in men.

Conclusions:

Dietary intake was associated with self-reported hearing loss. Research on mechanistic pathways of associations and public health interventions to prevent hearing loss is needed.
The ionizing photon production efficiency of bright z ∼ 2 − 5 galaxies
Authors: Castellano M. , Belfiori D. , Pentericci L. , Calabrò A. , Mascia S. , Napolitano L. , Caro F. , Charlot S. , Chevallard J. , Curtis Lake E. , Talia M. , Bongiorno A. , Fontana A. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Garilli B. , Guaita L. , McLure R. J. , Merlin E. , Mignoli M. , Moresco M. , Pompei E. , Pozzetti L. , Saldana Lopez A. , Saxena A. , Santini P. , Schaerer D. , Schreiber C. , Shapley A. E. , Vanzella E. , Zamorani G.
Published: June 2023

Aims. We investigate the production efficiency of ionizing photons (ξion∗) of 1174 galaxies with secure redshift at z = 2 − 5 from the VANDELS survey to determine the relation between ionizing emission and physical properties of bright and massive sources.

Methods. We constrained ξion∗ and galaxy physical parameters by means of spectrophotometric fits performed with the BEAGLE code. The analysis exploits the multi-band photometry in the VANDELS fields and the measurement of UV rest-frame emission lines (CIII]λ1909, HeIIλ1640, and OIII]λ1666) from deep VIMOS spectra.

Results. We find no clear evolution of ξion∗ with redshift within the probed range. The ionizing efficiency slightly increases at fainter MUV and bluer UV slopes, but these trends are less evident when the analysis is restricted to a complete subsample at log(Mstar/M⊙) > 9.5. We find a significant trend of increasing ξion∗ with increasing EW(Lyα), with an average log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1) > 25 at EW > 50 Å and a higher ionizing efficiency for high-EW CIII]λ1909 and OIII]λ1666 emitters. The most significant correlations are found with respect to stellar mass, specific star formation rate (sSFR), and SFR surface density (ΣSFR). The relation between ξion∗ and sSFR increases monotonically from log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1)∼24.5 at log(sSFR) ∼ −9.5 yr−1 to ∼25.5 at log(sSFR) ∼ −7.5 yr−1. This relation has a low scatter and only a weak dependence on mass. The objects above the main sequence of star formation consistently have higher than average ξion∗. A clear increase in ξion∗ with ΣSFR is also found, with log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1) > 25 for objects at ΣSFR > 10 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2.

Conclusions. Bright (MUV ≲ 20) and massive (log(Mstar/M⊙)≳9.5) galaxies at z = 2 − 5 have a moderate ionizing efficiency. However, the correlation between ξion∗ and sSFR, together with the known increase in the average sSFR with redshift at fixed stellar mass, suggests that similar galaxies in the epoch of reionization can be efficient sources of ionizing photons. The availability of sSFR and ΣSFR as proxies for ξion∗ can be fundamentally important in determining the role of galaxy populations at z ≳ 10 that were recently discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope in the onset of reionization.
The heat conductivity mechanism of the IR heating propagation for surfaces decontamination in protected ground
Authors: Pospelova Irina G. , Dorodov Pavel V. , Vozmishchev Ivan V. , Vladykin Ivan R. , Novosyolov Ivan M.
Published: June 2023

Modern greenhouses usually have flat concrete surfaces with communications for subsurface and above surface heating. It is proposed to disinfect surfaces with infrared radiation. We solve the corresponding heat equation. Field tests of the temperature field in protected ground have been performed to verify the mathematical model validity and to determine the empiric coefficients. The numerical investigation of the solution when the quantity of the Fourier series terms changes from 100 to 200 gives the heating time τ = 15 …16 min. Using these theoretical and experimental investigations one may conclude that the sufficient heating of a surface at the depth up to 5 cm needs a relatively long time of 15 …16 min and the surface will be strongly overheated during this time. We recommend using infrared heating for the decontamination purposes, but only in the case of thin layers of the ground or of the surface. The temperature necessary for the surface contamination and elimination of different pathogenic microorganisms, fungi, rots etc. emerging in the protected ground is achieved at a relatively small-time interval of 30…40 c. We think that the infrared radiation is a powerful and advanced method of sanitation of thin layers and surfaces.
Importance of starting material for plant breeding
Authors: Zolkin Alexander L. , Matvienko Evgeniy V. , Koval Yulia N. , Pankratova Lyubov A.
Published: June 2023

All agricultural crops are created by breeding. But the use of breeding is closely related to the methods of obtaining the source material. As these methods improved, new possibilities for breeding opened up and its creative role in the creation of new plant breeds increased. It is very important to know what all or a certain group of breeds have in common and how they differ from each other. It is important to emphasize the following points - the group of plants that make up the variety has a common origin. It is a multiplied offspring from one or a few plants. By propagating the parental initial plants, in their offspring, through breeding, they achieve similarities in economic and biological properties and morphological characteristics. The degree of this similarity, depending on the source material and breeding methods, may be different. The variety is created for cultivation in certain natural and production conditions. In the presence of appropriate natural and production conditions, the variety should provide stable high yields and quality products.
The effect of the biopreparation of LPB on the yield of vegetable crops
Authors: Fomicheva Natalia , Rabinovich Galina , Kashkova Alexandra
Published: June 2023

At the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands - a branch of the Federal Research Center "Soil Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev” LPB biological product containing agronomically significant microflora, macro- and microelements, and physiologically active substances has been developed. LPB was diluted with water at a ratio of 1:200 and doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 l/m2 were used for three root feeding of vegetable crops with an interval of two weeks. For each vegetable crop, the optimal dosage of the drug used was established, which contributes to the formation of the maximum yield. The results obtained indicate that the biological preparation of LPB is the most effective in growing root crops. It was facilitated by the active development of agronomically significant microflora, the number of which, on average, almost doubled over the season. In the future, it is necessary to check the results obtained on other varieties and vegetable crops.
Effectiveness of using acoustic oscillations of ultrasonic frequency on the process of removing moisture from porous material
Authors: Nesterov Victor A. , Khmelev Vladimir N. , Terentiev Sergey A. , Tertishnikov Pavel P. , Shalunov Andrey V.
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the ultrasonic drying process which is a promising way to intensify the process of moisture removal at low temperatures. An experimental stand was developed for the research. The stand is an ultrasonic dryer with automatic maintenance of the set temperature. A flexural-oscillating disk radiator was used as a source of ultrasonic action. The conducted studies have shown that changing the speed of the drying agent from 0.1 m/s to 0.2 m/s during convective drying can slightly reduce the drying time from 100 minutes to 90 minutes (10%). Change of the speed of the drying agent from 0.1 m/s to 0.2 m/s allows reducing the drying time by 10 minutes, from 80 minutes to 70 minutes with ultrasonic action. Due to the ultrasonic exposure at a drying agent speed of 0.2 m/s, the drying time is reduced from 90 minutes to 70 minutes. At a drying agent temperature of 400C, the drying time is reduced by 25% due to ultrasonic exposure (from 160 minutes to 120 minutes).
Improvement of the design of the unit for cleaning the air stream from dust at a cotton ginnery
Authors: Murodov Orif J. , Adilova Aziza Sh. , Saidova Nozima A. , Agzamov Mirhosil M.
Published: June 2023

The article covers research on the design of a dust-cleaning unit using a cyclone and additional water that cleans the air from cotton factories with high efficiency. The history of cyclones for dust air cleaning from cotton ginneries has been studied and deeply analyzed. The composition of the dusty air stream coming out of the cotton ginneries has been studied, and a new improved unit to the cyclone separator according to the dusty air composition has been designed. A new unit design has been developed and positive results has been obtained by simulation using the most modern programs.
Improvement of the environmental safety of weaving equipment by reducing the wear of contact surfaces
Authors: Kasimov Bakhtiyorjon
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the work is improvement of the environmental safety of weaving equipment by reducing the wear of contact surfaces. For the environment, minimizing the wear during the operation of weaving equipment is of great importance. Nevertheless, the physical-chemical interaction of metal surfaces with the environment in its individual sections is uneven due to its polycrystalline structure and heterogeneity. At the same time, the value of their residual stresses (microstresses), the degree of plastic deformation, etc., have a significant effect on the physical and chemical activity of separate surface grains. The article covers the causes of wear of the batten mechanism of a shuttleless loom because of friction. In order to ensure the environmental safety of weaving equipment, methods of increasing the wear resistance of the batten mechanisms of shuttleless looms have been proposed. The article substantiates that an effective method for improving the efficiency of the batten mechanisms of shuttleless looms can be the method of surface plastic deformation of the inner surface of the batten teeth shed. As a result, the uniformity of the physical-chemical interaction of metal surfaces with the environment is ensured, as the resistance to wear and fatigue failure increases.
Theoretical preconditions for determining the utilization coefficient of shift time when using planning machines
Authors: Norov Sobir , Zokirova Dilorom , Muzaffarova Nilufar , Ustaboev Abdulla , Madraximov Alloberdi
Published: June 2023

This article presents a set of works that must be performed to maintain the ecology of the soil in the process of planning by planning machines. The smoothness of the movement of agricultural machines is ensured by reducing the unevenness of the surface of the cultivated field. In these studies, it was noted that the utilization rate of the planning machine depends on the speed of the unit, the length of the field section, the time spent on eliminating technical malfunctions, etc. Taking into account the mathematical dependencies, the coefficient of utilization of the shift time in function depends on movement speed, working width and specific working conditions and the value of the actual productivity of the planner per hour of shift time. The capacity of the planner was calculated according to the equation proposed by the researchers of this article, and does not differ much from the unit performance obtained during field tests, and the percentage of difference is 5 ... 6%. Therefore, the results of this work can be used for preliminary design and kitting-up of machine-tractor units for planning works of pre-sowing background of irrigation agriculture.
Placement of working bodies on the frame of the tool plow-ripper
Authors: Irgashev Dilmurod , Toshtemirov Sanjar , Maiviatov Farmon M. , Muqimov Bayramali
Published: June 2023

The purpose is to investigate substantiate relative position working bodies of improved plow-ripper. Scheme of the plow-ripper is given. The plow-ripper consists of the left and right sections, a ripping share established down the axle of symmetry tool, improved working bodies with inclined racks. Analytics dependencies are mined to define distance between working organs and the distance between them along the plow-ripper. Experiments have been carried out come true the relation stance working bodywork. Experiments have established that with an increase in the distance between the working bodies with an inclined stand along the plow, the hail of crumbling ground increasing accordance law of a convex edge and the pulling force in accordance law of a curved parabola. It has been determined that in order to ensure the reliability of work and the quality of tillage with a minimum traction resistance, the spacing should be at least 30 cm, and the distance between the working bodies along the plow-ripper should be 60 cm.
Physical model of the process of sliding cutting for innovative development of sustainable systems of agrarian-and-food production
Authors: Urinov Nasillo , Dubrovets Lyudmila , Amonov Makhmud , Urinov Behruz
Published: June 2023

Sliding cutting is considered the most advanced way of material cutting due to its technological efficiency. Its implementation is in focus in the practice of cutting machines designing. Sliding cutting is the most promising type of cutting for elastic-viscous-plastic food materials. The article covers the operation process of the fracture micromechanism during sliding cutting, presents the developed physical model of the formation of a new surface as a result of the simultaneous introduction of the cutting edge and the contact interaction of the working surfaces of the blade with the material being cut. In the conclusion the authors prove that the stretched zone of the material is located directly under the blade and accessible to the action of microteeth, which increases the efficiency of sliding cutting.
The influence of food additives on the production technology and quality indicators of whole grain bread
Authors: Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna , Evdokimova Oxana , Evdokimov Nikita , Bykovskaya Ekaterina
Published: June 2023

The innovative development of sustainable food systems is primarily aimed at preserving the health of the population, providing it with safe and nutritious products. The current trend in the consumer market is the growing demand for bakery products with the addition of cereals. The approach to solving the problem is provided through the development of prescription formulations and technologies of new types of bakery. In the course of the conducted research, recipes for whole-grain wheat-rye bread based on hop ferments were developed. The use of rye bran in bread recipes and the use of starter cultures with the addition of hops, unfermented malt and licorice root allows you to get a product with high organoleptic characteristics. The products acquire a golden color, have the right shape, a pleasant bread taste and smell. The use of the developed recipes of sourdough for bread has an effect on porosity, reduces the acidity and moisture content of the crumb, allows you to slow down the process of moisture loss during storage. Thanks to the components used in bread recipes, the content of dietary fiber, vitamins B1, B2, B9, E, PP, A and β- Carotene increases, bread is enriched with a number of macronutrients.
Improving the innovation process of sustainable development of agriculture
Authors: Hushvakhtzoda Kobiljon , Arabov Firdavs , Bobokhonzoda Rajabali , Sodicov Kurbomad , Vohidov Aliakbar
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of the implementation of the concept of digitalization. The current state of the introduction of innovations in agriculture and the production of agricultural products is considered. The current state of the introduction of innovations in agriculture and the production of agricultural products is considered. It is proposed to expand the scope of digital technology at the expense of public funds. The main provisions of the agrarian policy, the objectives of its implementation and regulation of the markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food in the Republic of Tajikistan in the context of increasing labor productivity are considered. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions for introducing innovation and new technologies in agriculture. Due to the scale of their production, as well as high one-time capital costs for the transformation of the production process, small businesses will not be able to take advantage of new production technologies. Improving the efficiency of production activities based on the Internet of Things is possible by increasing crop yields, monitoring the condition of dairy cows or poultry houses, etc.
Environmentally oriented control systems
Authors: Muzyka Sergey , Alekseeva Yulia , Khoroshailo Tatyana , Leshchenko Viktor
Published: June 2023

Environmental safety is currently gaining popularity in all areas of human activity. The release of various inorganic and organic chemicals in various industries, textile, pharmaceutical, agricultural and tanneries, is highly toxic to the environment and human health. In order to manage these impacts, it is necessary to prioritize environmental aspects in order to focus on those that will be recognized as more significant and have a greater impact on the environment. The main factors of an environmentally friendly product are production from natural raw materials, in environmentally friendly areas, away from industrial centers. The greening of agricultural activities and the transition of producers to the production of an environmentally friendly product, organic products is relevant, since it is the safety of food raw materials and food products that is one of the main factors determining people's health.
Producing of meat products using statistical evaluation of dietary types of meat
Authors: Kharitonova Polina , Dunchenko Nina , Odintsova Arina
Published: June 2023

The article calculated the indicators of the coefficient of imbalance of the amino acid composition, the difference in the amino acid score and the biological value of proteins in dietary meat raw materials. Significant differences in the content of essential amino acids in different parts of the carcasses of the selected dietary meat raw materials were determined using the analysis of variance of a one-way uneven complex. In 2010, ideas to increase the life expectancy of citizens of the RF and improve its quality reached a new level – with the adoption by the Government of the RF of a number of strategic documents – «The Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation until 2030»; «Fundamentals of state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition of the population»; and etc. The main priority in solving the problem of the formation of the concept of a healthy lifestyle in Russia, citizens of Russia consider compliance with the principles of proper and nutritious nutrition. State measures to promote a healthy lifestyle for the population of Russia are consistent with the global concept of health promotion, according to which citizens participate in maintaining and strengthening their own health.
Research of chemical transformations in the technology of hydrogenation of vegetable oils
Authors: Majidova Nargiza
Published: June 2023

Chemical transformations in the technology of hydrogenation of vegetable oils have been studied. The equations describing the saturation of fatty acids in hydrogenation technology have been established. The diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and triglycerides in oils and fats have been determined. It has been shown that the observed rate of hydrogenation does not depend on the amount of catalyst and the degree of unsaturation of the fat. The high quality and food safety of catalytically hydrogenated edible fats have the required content and ratio of solid and liquid fractions of fatty acids in fat triglycerides, maintain the quantitative content of biologically important components in the composition of the initial raw material. The selection of the additive and its use in the composition of catalytic systems allows establishing and regulating the hydrogenating properties of hydrogenated edible fats with high indicators of quality and food safety. Methods for optimizing technological regimes made it possible to increase the food safety of margarine products and expand its range. The scientific and experimental results have allowed expanding and supplementing the theoretical provisions on improving the quality and food safety of catalytically hydrogenated edible fats based on cottonseed oil using various types of catalytic systems.
The use of phytobiotics-based films as a condition of improving food quality and reducing waste
Authors: Leshchukov Konstantin , Kovaleva Oksana , Kireeva Olga , Bukhvostov Yuri , Minakova Irina , Bukreeva Tatiana
Published: June 2023

The study analyses the biodegradation degree of biodegradable phytobiotic-based films for packaging food products of animal origin. During the research the authors have completed the following tasks: studied the biodegradation degree of starch-and gelatin-based films, the structure of biodegradable natural polysaccharides-based polymers, water absorption of biodegradable edible films, the chemical stability of biodegradable natural polysaccharides-based polymers, pH and water activity. The study of the biodegradation parameters of phytobiotic edible films will allow the development of a new approach to the production process of edible packaging with an extended shelf life based on concentrated cranberry and lingonberry juice. The study has also evaluated the biodegradation parameters of edible protective coatings for products of animal origin. All the samples had almost complete biodegradation in one month’s time. The biodegradation rate is directly proportional to the presence of plant polysaccharides. The article presents the product characteristics of boiled-smoked meat products in biodegradable packages and describes a production process of meat products with phytobiotic coatings, including additional operations for preparing coating compositions, their application to raw smoked products, as well as drying of coatings on product’s surface. The research has shown that all studied firm samples are biodegradable.
Improvement and development of technological foundations for creating new formula of soy protein products using local raw materials of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sultonov Jakhongir , Ashurov Furkat
Published: June 2023

The article provides information on the technology for improving the quality of oilseeds. The importance of new agricultural technologies is noted in decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Agriculture to provide methodological assistance to farmers and entrepreneurs who sow and process soybeans. There is an urgent need to study the structure and chemical composition of soybean seeds cultivated in the Republic of Uzbekistan to improve the known technologies for obtaining oils from them, especially for food purposes. To implement the above-mentioned order of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the regions of the republic, more than 5,000 t/p of soybean oilseeds were sown, from which a crop of more than 80 thousand tons was harvested, which is 0.64 c/g. Cultivation and processing of soybean seeds as an oil crop and raw material for obtaining high-quality edible oil is intensively developing. The production of soybean seeds is one of the most valuable types of agricultural raw materials, the production of which, especially in the regions of the republic, is constantly increasing.