bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focusing on Students: Librarians and Writing Tutors Working Together
Authors: Zisser Miritt , Moberg Bodil , Borgström Anna M
Published: January 2017

The aim of this presentation is to highlight and reflect on the advantages of collaboration between librarians and writing tutors, as well as to give three examples of fruitful collaboration at the Karolinska Institutet University Library. Librarians and writing tutors have different competencies and can help students with different aspects of their work. This specialization is however not obvious to students, which may lead to them approaching the wrong person, or focusing on tangible and specific details instead of the big picture.Collaboration between librarians and writing tutors has many advantages, both for students and staff. Firstly, it enables an overall view of the student’s working process and a contextualization of their work in a way that each group cannot achieve on their own. When the students understand the context of their assignments and theses, they are able to assume greater responsibility for their work, act more independently, and develop their critical thinking. Secondly, collaboration leads to a development of the staff’s competencies as we learn from each other, but we also get a deeper and more nuanced understanding of each other’s competencies, and can therefore plan teaching in a more efficient way.During our presentation, we will present and reflect on three activities on which we have collaborated: a lecture which addresses all the aspects of writing a thesis: searching, collecting, writing, and sharing; a seminar which aims to deepen the understanding for why and how sources are used, as well as how they are indicated in the text; and an online self-correcting test which highlights all aspects of thesis writing.The collaboration has been successful and motivated us to find new areas of collaboration. The next planned step is to offer students joint appointments with librarians and writing tutors to discuss their assignments.
Partners in Information Literacy: The Research Mentor Program at UNH Manchester
Authors: Donahue Annie , Donovan Kim , Gamtso Carolyn
Published: January 2017

The Research Mentor Program is a partnership between the UNH Manchester Library and the College’s Center for Academic Enrichment whereby student peer tutors receive training in both practical writing and research strategies along with theoretical applications for peer-assisted learning. Research Mentors are able to holistically support the research process from brainstorming topics; developing effective search strategies; and evaluating sources to preparing outlines; developing thesis statements; and drafting through the writing/revision cycle. The Research Mentor Program originated in 2004 and evolved during the past decade in response to classroom assessment and program evaluation findings.In the current adaptation, the research mentor training curriculum aligns with the ACRL Frameworks for Information Literacy. Mentors engage with each of the Frames through class discussions, hands-on activities, role-playing exercises, and reflective writing entries. In one-to-one tutorials, research mentors are able to apply the Frames’ dispositions thereby guiding students to engage more effectively with scholarly inquiry, contextualizing authority, and acknowledging value in the research process. In this way, Research Mentors contribute to the effectiveness of information literacy instruction by recognizing gaps in students’ evidence, modelling the dispositions of the information literacy Frames in their interactions with students, and connecting students to the librarians for further research instruction.UNH Manchester’s Research Mentor Program impacts library instruction by extending the influence of information literacy principles beyond the librarian’s classroom instructional sessions into the research mentor led tutorials and circling back to the library for individually focused instruction. Our Creating Knowledge VIII conference presentation is available at http://libraryguides.unh.edu/partnersinfolit. This presentation is based on our forthcoming chapter in Peer-assisted Learning in Academic Libraries, edited by E. Rinto, J. Watts, & R. Mitola published through Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, CA (anticipated publication date early 2017).
Teaching Information Literacy for Engineering Students in a Rapidly Changing Information Landscape
Authors: Lönneborg Rosa , Hamrin Göran , Unger Maria
Published: January 2017

The KTH Library has a long tradition of teaching information searching to technology students. Over the last years teaching information searching has become teaching information literacy, including more evaluation and source criticism. Traditionally, there have been three forms of teaching: independent credit-giving courses, integrated shorter modules in subject-specific courses and support via individual face-to-face supervision.Although evaluation and source criticism are now important parts of our teaching, much focus is still on search methodology. During this spring we, and our teaching colleagues at the KTH library, will revise and develop the content and pedagogical methodology for the courses and integrated modules in information literacy. In doing so, we need to address important questions on how to face the changing information landscape.Should the teaching be adapted to the search behaviour observed in our students or should we keep trying to change that behaviour? Do we put our effort into directing students to traditional scientific subject databases or should we put more emphasis on the importance of critically evaluating the search results, regardless of their source? How do we find the balance between these alternatives?Recently published studies have already covered these questions to some extent. The findings from a systematic literature search, together with insights collected from our development work during Spring 2016, will be used in an analysis of these questions in the context of teaching information literacy for engineering students.
Integrating Reference Practices and Information Literacy in Academic Writing: A Collaboration Between Faculty and Library
Authors: Yeste Miguel Garcia , Pettersson Karin , Svensson Anna
Published: January 2017

The aim of our presentation is to show the advantages of collaboration between faculty and library when it comes to introducing students to different aspects of academic writing. We will share our experience on integrating reference practices, reference management software (Zotero) and information searching into the curriculum.The English Studies section at the Department of Languages and Literatures and the University Library at Gothenburg University have a history of collaboration at all undergraduate levels in order to support the development of the students’ information literacy. During 2014-2015 the courses in academic writing have been revised, which has led to rethinking the collaboration with the library. The syllabus has been redesigned following the principle of progression, so that students: (a) learn the formal aspect and style basics of academic writing (first term); (b) critically assess previous research and identify a gap for future research (second term); and (c) pose an original research question in the form of a research proposal (third term).As a result of the close collaboration between faculty and library, the course progression described above is also reflected in the library sessions. In an attempt to address some aspects of academic and digital literacy more explicitly, the library sessions (offered to the students in the form of workshops) have been designed to: (a) use reference practices as a starting point to explore information searching and metadata; and (b) to integrate the use of digital tools specific to academia. In addition, specific tasks have been designed in collaboration between the teacher and the librarians for the students to work on during the library sessions. These tasks must then be submitted as part of the students’ coursework.In our presentation, we discuss and evaluate the outcomes of this initiative, as well as the students’ perceptions.
We Have to Talk about Collaboration: How a University Library and Writing Centre Work Together to Better Help Students with Information Literacy
Authors: Olsson Magnus , Bindler Annika
Published: January 2017

Many academic libraries are asked to do more for less money. By reaching out to other academic services, for example, the writing centre, might make it easier to fulfil the expected goals placed upon the library by the University administration (Ferer, 2012). However, there are also pedagogical reasons for collaboration. Academic librarians and academic writing tutors who transcend the traditional organizational boundaries within a university can together provide a more integrated picture of information seeking and the writing process for their students. This team approach, which emphasizes helping students become independent and active learners, can strengthen their academic skills, such as information literacy, that are essential when attending university.Nevertheless, in Sweden the few university libraries that house writing centres simply share a location rather than collaborate on a routine basis. Umeå University Library is unusual because the Library and Writing Centre are organized in the same unit, Scholarly Communication, and work as a team. Collecting this expertise into one location allows students more comprehensive support and convenient access: "one-stop shopping" (Cooke & Bledsoe, 2008). Drawing on our practices, we will describe Umeå University Library’s collaborative approach to teaching information literacy.Academic librarians are taking a greater role as literacy educators in helping students create personal knowledge (Elmborg, 2006). This personal knowledge is then transferred into writing where students demonstrate their evaluation and understanding of sources and through writing enter the conversations in their field, thereby finding their own voice. Rather than compartmentalizing these information seeking and writing processes, librarians and writing tutors can work together with students to help them navigate and come to understand that these processes are intricately linked.
Practical Usage of Multiple-Choice Questions as Part of Learning and Self-Evaluation
Authors: Kangasniemi Paula
Published: January 2017

The poster describes how the multiple-choice questions could be a part of learning, not only assessing. We often think of the role of questions only in order to test the student's skills. We have tested how questions could be a part of learning in our web-based course of information retrieval in Lapland University.In web-based learning there is a need for high-quality mediators. Mediators are learning promoters which trigger, support, and amplify learning. Mediators can be human mediators or tool mediators. The tool mediators are for example; tests, tutorials, guides and diaries. The multiple-choice questions can also be learning promoters which select, interpret and amplify objects for learning.What do you have to take into account when you are preparing multiple-choice questions as mediators? First you have to prioritize teaching objectives: what must be known and what should be known. According to our experience with contact learning, you can assess what the things are that students have problems with and need more guidance on.The most important addition to the questions is feedback during practice. The questions’ answers (wrong or right) are not important. The feedback on the answers are important to guide students on how to search. The questions promote students’ self-regulation and self-evaluation. Feedback can be verbal, a screenshot or a video. We have added a verbal feedback for every question and also some screenshots and eight videos in our web-based course.
Creating Knowledge VIII: Practices, goals and visions for information literacy in higher education
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Astrid Margrét , Hafsteinsdóttir Hafdís Dögg
Published: January 2017

This special issue of Nordic Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education is a compilation of the Creating Knowledge VIII conference (CKVIII) held in Reykjavík, Iceland, 2-3 of June 2016. This was the second time Icelandic universities hosted the conference in cooperation with NordINFOLIT, a Nordic collaboration forum for information literacy.
Osteopathology and insect traces in the Australopithecus africanus skeleton StW 431
Authors: Odes Edward J. , Parkinson Alexander H. , Randolph-Quinney Patrick S. , Zipfel Bernhard , Jakata Kudakwashe , Bonney Heather , Berger Lee R.
Published: January 2017

We present the first application of high-resolution micro computed tomography in an analysis of both the internal and external morphology of the lumbar region of StW 431 – a hominin skeleton recovered from Member 4 infill of the Sterkfontein Caves (South Africa) in 1987. The lumbar vertebrae of the individual present a number of proliferative and erosive bony processes, which were investigated in this study. Investigations suggest a complex history of taphonomic alteration to pre-existing spinal degenerative joint disease (SDJD) as well as post-mortem modification by an unknown insect. This study is in agreement with previous pathological diagnoses of SDJD which affected StW 431 and is the first time insect traces on this hominin are described. The results of this analysis attest to the complex series of post-mortem processes affecting the Sterkfontein site and its fossil assemblages.

Significance: 

First application of high-resolution micro computed tomography of the lumbar region of StW 431, a partial skeleton of Australopithecus africanus, attests to pre-existing degenerative joint disease and identifies post-mortem modification by an unknown insect.
The co-occurrence of degenerative pathology and insect modification may not be unique to StW 431. A combination of traditional morphoscopic analysis and non-invasive high-resolution tomography is recommended.
Stormwater harvesting: Improving water security in South Africa’s urban areas
Authors: Fisher-Jeffes Lloyd , Carden Kirsty , Armitage Neil P. , Winter Kevin
Published: January 2017

The drought experienced in South Africa in 2016 – one of the worst in decades – has left many urbanised parts of the country with limited access to water, and food production has been affected. If a future water crisis is to be averted, the country needs to conserve current water supplies, reduce its reliance on conventional surface water schemes, and seek alternative sources of water supply. Within urban areas, municipalities must find ways to adapt to, and mitigate the threats from, water insecurity resulting from, inter alia, droughts, climate change and increasing water demand driven by population growth and rising standards of living. Stormwater harvesting (SWH) is one possible alternative water resource that could supplement traditional urban water supplies, as well as simultaneously offer a range of social and environmental benefits. We set out three position statements relating to how SWH can: improve water security and increase resilience to climate change in urban areas; prevent frequent flooding; and provide additional benefits to society. We also identify priority research areas for the future in order to target and support the appropriate uptake of SWH in South Africa, including testing the viability of SWH through the use of real-time control and managed aquifer recharge.

Significance: 

Addresses water scarcity through building resilience to the impacts of climate change; improving the liveability of cities; and prioritising water-sensitive urban design.
Attenuation of pollution arising from acid mine drainage by a natural wetland on the Witwatersrand
Authors: Humphries Marc S. , McCarthy Terrence S. , Pillay Letitia
Published: January 2017

Wetlands are well known to be efficient at sequestering pollutants from contaminated water. We investigated metal accumulation in the peats of the Klip River, a natural wetland that has received contaminated water from gold mining operations in Johannesburg for over 130 years. Previous work conducted in the downstream portion identified the wetland as an important system for sequestering metals. We focused on the upstream section of the wetland, more proximal to the source of acid mine drainage, to provide a better understanding of the pollutant sources and the role of the wetland in pollutant attenuation. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of peat cores revealed considerable metal enrichments in the peat ash, particularly in Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and U. Metal concentrations are typically between 4 to 8 times higher than those previously reported for the downstream, more distal portion of the wetland. The distribution of metal accumulation within the peat profiles suggests that contamination arises from a combination of sources and processes. Elevated concentrations in the shallow peat are attributed to the input of contaminated surface water via tributaries that drain the Central Rand Goldfield, whereas enrichments in the deeper peat suggest significant sub-surface inflow of contaminated water through the underlying dolomitic rocks. Metal immobilisation occurs through a combination of mechanisms, which include the precipitation of gypsum, metal sulfides, Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides and phosphates. Our study highlights the environmental and economic importance of natural wetland systems which have the ability to accumulate large quantities of metals and thus remediate polluted waters.

Significance: 

Considerable levels of metal accumulation are observed within the Klip River wetland peats.
The wetland is effective in remediating highly polluted water emanating from the Witwatersrand Basin.
The Klip River system is important for the region’s future water supply.
Assessing the Need for a Regional Library Consortium:A Case Study in the Colleges of North Bengal
Authors: Nandi Ratna , Panigrahi Pijushkanti , Rath Durgasankar
Published: January 2017

The study aims to verify if a regional library consortium is developed among the colleges of North Bengal whether it would be helpful for the staff and users of these college libraries or not. This is done on the basis of the opinion of the users and staff of the colleges. The methods adopted were stratified random sampling for the selection of the colleges (50%), convenience method for selection of users (10%), structured questionnaires for interview; data are analyzed using Microsoft excel, hypothesis is tested against the interpreted data with Pearson's χ2 test. The study is limited to general degree colleges and B.Ed. colleges of North Bengal. The study favours the formation of the proposed consortium.
Uncitedness in Scientific Publications:A Case Study of Tribology Research
Authors: Elango B
Published: January 2017

This study discusses the characteristics of uncitedness and compares with cited ones. Literature on tribology research was selected as the sample and Science Citation Index Expanded of WOS is used to retrieve the related bibliographic records. The studied parameters are: yearly share, document type and language, number of references, number of authors, share of single authored papers and average number of keywords. The results show that there is a significant difference in characteristics between cited and uncited papers.
Ontology for the Domain of Food Science
Authors: Padmavathi T. , Krishnamurthy M.
Published: January 2017

Information in the domain of food science is vast and techniques for managing and organizing such knowledge become essential. Present day information retrieval systems are based on full text searching for keywords which often retrieves irrelevant information and does not fulfill the user's requirements. A solution to the above chaos is ontology. The current paper describes an ontology for food science domain using Protege.
Use of Electronic Resources in Medical Colleges at Mangalore City - A Study
Authors: Lobo Janet Dotty
Published: January 2017

This paper attempts to find out the use of electronic resources by the Faculty and Postgraduate students of Medical Colleges in Mangalore. The author has designed questionnaire and distributed to the users of the Medical College Libraries, to study the extent of use of electronic resources and find out the measures to improve the use of e-resources. The results show that the majority of the respondents use e-resources and are satisfied with the quality of resources available in their Library.
National Law University Library Consortium:Better Late than Never
Authors: Rabari Lagdhir S.
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study is to present a model national law library consortium for national law university libraries in India. This study sought the opinion of librarians of 17 national law universities and 8 law publishers. A total of 15 law libraries and 4 law publishers responded. The findings show that except one library, all national law university libraries and law publishers are in favour of a national law university library consortium. Most suggested compulsory participation by all National Law University (NLU) libraries, centralized funding and Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) management model for the proposed National law library consortium.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in the Allan—Herndon—Dudley Syndrome
Authors: Groeneweg Stefan ,   The Rotterdam Thyroid Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Peeters Robin P ,   The Rotterdam Thyroid Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Visser Theo J ,   The Rotterdam Thyroid Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Visser W Edward ,   The Rotterdam Thyroid Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Published: January 2017

Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for normal brain development. The TH transporter protein monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is crucial to maintain adequate TH levels in the brain during development and throughout life. Mutations in MCT8 result in the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS), which is characterized by a severe delay in neurocognitive development, combined with abnormal serum thyroid function tests (TFTs). The combination of an increased (F)T3 and decreased (F)T4 and rT3 serum levels are characteristic for the presence of AHDS in male patients with moderate to severe delay in neurocognitive development. Here, we provide an overview of current insights, challenges and pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of patients with AHDS.
Antibiotic resistance pattern among aerobic bacterial isolates from osteomyelitis cases attending a Tertiary care hospital of North India with special reference to ESBL, AmpC, MBL and MRSA production
Authors: Khatoon Razia , Khan Shameem Ahmad , Jahan Noor
Published: January 2017

Background: Osteomyelitis is a common cause of morbidity in developing countries. Its treatment comprises of surgical debridement of all necrotic bone and soft tissue along with use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Treatment is becoming increasingly troublesome due to rise in drug resistant isolates in osteomyelitis cases. The present study was done to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern among aerobic bacterial isolates from osteomyelitis cases.Methods: 125 samples from osteomyelitis cases were aerobically cultured and isolates from culture positives were identified by standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Staphylococcal isolates were screened for methicillin resistance and Gram negative bacilli were screened and confirmed for ESBL, AmpC and MBL production.Results: Out of 125 samples cultured, 20 were culture negative and 105 were culture positive giving rise to 120 isolates (58 Gram positive and 62 Gram negative organisms). The prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcal (MRS) isolates, ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers was found to be 43.1%, 51.6%, 24.2% and 14.5% respectively. All the resistant isolates were multidrug resistant, with MRS being 100% sensitive only to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin, ESBL and AmpC producers being 100% sensitive only to imipenem and colistin, and MBL producers being 100% sensitive only to colistin.Conclusions: Antibiotic therapy on the basis of antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps the clinician to choose appropriate drugs leading to successful treatment and prevention of emergence and dissemination of drug resistant isolates.
Bacterial and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer using optimal culture techniques
Authors: Patil Swati V. , Mane Roshan R.
Published: January 2017

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the complications of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic foot ulcer infections are polymicrobial in nature. If they are not recognized and controlled it leads to many devastating consequences like limb amputation, sepsis, and even mortality. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial and clinical profile of diabetic foot ulcer using optimal culture techniques and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates.Methods: A total number of 103 patients with a foot ulcer of Wagner’s grade II or more and evidence of purulent exudates or edema were included in the study. Swab samples were obtained from the base of ulcers and were sent for bacteriological study. The specimen was processed in the microbiology laboratory for Gram stain, aerobic culture, and anaerobic culture. The organisms isolated were identified by standard procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: A total no of 253 organisms were isolated from 103 patients. Out of these, 217 aerobes were isolated, and the most common organism isolated from gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus, 53 (24.42 %). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 42 (19.35 %) was the predominant organism isolated from gram negative bacteria. Among the total 36 anaerobes, Bacteroides fragilis group, 17 (47.22 %) was the most common organism isolated. All the gram positive aerobic organisms were found to be sensitive for vancomycin. Among the gram negative organisms, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, showed more sensitivity to cefotaxime (90.62%, 91.66%, 75%) respectively. Metronidazole was the drug of choice in case of anaerobes followed by imipenem.Conclusions: It is necessary to identify the etiological factors and susceptible microorganisms responsible for causation of DFU. So that prompt management of diabetic foot ulcers is possible for successful outcome. Appreciation of the causative organisms in diabetic foot and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential for institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Prevalence of smart phone addiction, sleep quality and associated behaviour problems in adolescents
Authors: Soni Ruchi , Upadhyay Ritesh , Jain Mahendra
Published: January 2017

Background: World is ever changing due to advancement in realm of science and technology, one such advancement is in field of smart phones. The ubiquity of smart phone technology raises concern for its addiction among adolescents and its relationship with quality of sleep, mental and physical health problems. Objective of the study was to investigate magnitude of smart phone addiction and evaluate the impact of smart phone addiction on their mental health and sleep quality.Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted on sample comprising of 587 students of repudiated school. Students were assessed with a specially designed proforma and Smart phone addiction scale (SAS) which was self‑administered by the students. Subjects were classified into smartphone non-user group, a low smartphone user group and a high smartphone user group. Subsequently depression anxiety and stress sub scores (DASS-21) scale were administered to asses associated behaviour problems, investigate sleep quality Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory was administered (PSQI).Results: Out of 587 subjects who completed the questionnaires 12.9% (n=76) were not using smart phones, (n=315) 53.62% were low users and (n=196) 33.3% were high users of Smart phone as estimated by Smart Phone addiction scale. Those who used smart phone excessively had high Global PSQI scores and DASS-21scores in terms of depression, anxiety and stress.Conclusions: With increasing popularity of smart phones, youths spend significant time on smart phone thereby developing addictive tendencies. This study concludes that youths are not only addicted but are also developing significant sleep and behaviour problems owing to excessive smart phone usage.
Analysis of package inserts of orally administered drugs available in the Indian market
Authors: Chhaya Maheshi U.
Published: January 2017

Background: The package insert of a medication forms an important source of information to the patient while taking a drug. The package insert is expected to contain complete information regarding the drug aiding the patient to obtain additional knowledge regarding the drug.Methods: 100 package inserts of orally administered drugs were obtained from local chemists and were analysed according to the Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of Schedule D (II), Drugs and Cosmetics Act (1940) and Rules (1945).Results: The posology and contraindications were mentioned in 98% and 96% of the inserts, respectively, whereas the list of excipients, incompatibilities and shelf life was mentioned in 12%, 19%, 16% of the inserts, respectively.Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the information available on the package inserts of drugs available in the Indian market. The package inserts should be carefully scrutinized for completeness before the respective drug is marketed.
Effectiveness of Mannheim peritonitis index in predicting the morbidity and mortality of patients with hollow viscous perforation
Authors: Patil Vivek A. , Mahapatra Bibekananda , Panchal Anuradha , Deolekar Sandesh
Published: January 2017

Background: Peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation is common cause of emergency surgery in India. Despite advances in surgical skills, antimicrobial agents and supportive care the morbidity and mortality of secondary peritonitis remains high. Prognosis and outcome of it depends on many factors which includes patient related factors, disease specific factors and management. Categorizing patients into different risk groups would help in management. Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) is based on measuring simple clinical parameters in case of hollow viscous perforation. This study was conducted to know efficacy of MPI for predicting morbidity and mortality in hollow viscous perforation.Methods: 50 patients with peritonitis undergoing surgical treatment at Dr. D.Y. Patil medical college, Nerul were included in study. Demographic, clinical data, surgical treatment, outcome were documented and analysed.Results: The morbidity and mortality rate were higher in patients with MPI >29. Surgical site infections were most common complication in patients with MPI <21. Respiratory complications were common in patients with MPI >21. More ICU stay was required in in patients with MPI <21.Conclusions: MPI which is very easy to calculate is simple and effective in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients with hollow viscous perforation.
Relationship between pseudo exfoliation syndrome of pupil and increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma in patients referred to ophthalmology clinic of Ardabil city hospital
Authors: Ojaghi Habib , Masoumi Rahim , Jalalzadeh Solmaz
Published: January 2017

Background: Pseudo exfoliation syndrome (PXS) widely in world occurred with various prevalence rate and its risk factor has main role in rising IOP and glaucoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PXS and its associations with elevation of IOP/Glaucoma.Methods: This is a cohort study that has been done on 144 patients of aged 50 and older referred to clinic of ophthalmology which was examined to the PXS depositions. PXS was diagnosed by slit lamp and a control group select matching with case group without PXS. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation by slit lamp and dilated pupil fundus for visual acuity, refraction, Tonometry and Gonioscopy.Results: Out of 144 eyes of control group, 112 (77.8%) had PXS depositions. There was a significant increase in number of PXS involved eyes with age and the frequency of disease in men was higher than women. Out of 72 patients, 40 (55.5%) patients were bilaterally and 32 (44.5%) patients were unilaterally involved. The mean of IOP in eyes with PXS with 17.9±8.9 was significantly higher than eyes without PXS with 14.5±2.9.Conclusions: PXS sediments are an important risk factor for increased IOP and glaucoma in our area and patients with PXS should be followed in term of IOP.
Comparison of post-dural puncture headache- incidence and severity in obstetric patients after spinal anesthesia for caesarean section with 25G and 27G quincke needle
Authors: Syed Sumaya , Qayoom Nargis , Naaz Shazia , Mushtaq Khalida , Mir Aabid Hussain , Bijli Akram Hussain , Ali Zulfiqar
Published: January 2017

Background: The use of neuraxial anesthesia for caesarean section has dramatically increased in last 2 decades because it is easier to perform, safe to the mother and the fetus, and has a high degree of success rate. However, post-dural puncture headache is a well-known complication of spinal anesthesia. It is a common and incapacitating compliation following dura-arachnoid puncture and results in increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, increased cost, and patient dissatisfaction.Methods: It was a double-blinded comparative study conducted on 75 consecutive pregnant patients meeting the inclusion criteria of the study. Patient and anesthesiologist involved in collection of data were blinded to the gauge of the needle used. Standard anesthesia protocol was followed in all the patients and spinal anesthesia performed using 25G Quincke needle in 38 patients and 27G Quincke needle in 37 patients.Results: we included 75 consecutive patients in the age group 20-35 years in the study. Overall incidence of PDPH was 14.67% (11/75) in present study. 23.68% (9/38) and 5.4% (2/37) patients who received spinal anesthesia with 25G and 27G needles respectively developed PDPH. Difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: The incidence of PDPH was less in patients who underwent caesarean section under spinal anesthesia with 27G needle compared to that of patients in whom block was performed using 25G needles. However, there was no definite advantage of 27G Quincke needle over 25G Quincke needle as far as the incidence of PDPH is concerned.
A study on lipoprotein(a) in health and type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: K. S. Premkumar
Published: January 2017

Background: Increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] concentrations are predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD). Type 2 diabetes mellitus also leads to dyslipidemia, which are known risk factors for CAD. This study was designed to investigate the levels of Lp (a) in type 2 diabetic patients and their association with healthy controls and glycemic control.Methods: The study included 87 subjects out of which 20 were healthy volunteers. The remaining 67 were patients with type 2 diabetes from which 3 groups were formed 23 formed newly diagnosed group while those on treatment for diabetes were 44 out of which 22 were type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycemic agents and the other 22 were type 2 diabetics on insulin. Individuals suffering from HT, renal disease, liver disease, thyroid dysfunction, nephrotic syndrome & cardiac disease, alcoholics, smokers or on lipid lowering drugs were excluded. Statistical analysis was done using the pearsons correlation.Results: Lp(a) levels were found to be significantly increased in the diabetic group irrespective of whether newly diagnosed not on treatment or old cases on treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Lp(a) levels showed no correlation to the degree of glycemic control in these patients. Lp(a) positively correlates with total cholesterol, LDLc and negatively with TGL and VLDLc in diabetics while it does not correlate with any of the lipid parameters in controlsConclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Lp(a) levels are increased in type 2 diabetic patients. The elevated Lp(a) levels do not reflect the glycemic status and correlates with increase in total cholesterol and LDLc suggesting similar metabolic pathways and the genetic connection for LDL and Lp(a).
Rare case of complete gonadal dysgenesis 46 XY, Swyer syndrome
Authors: Chander Aravind , Shri Reshma , Muthuvel Arun , Veluswamy Chandralekha
Published: January 2017

Swyer syndrome also known as 46XY complete gonadal dysgenesis is a rare cause of primary amenorrhea. These patients are phenotypically females with female type of internal and external genitalia with absence of testicular tissues. They have streak gonads which have increased potential to turn into malignancy.  Bilateral gonadectomy should be done as soon as diagnosis is made. In present case, 20 years unmarried female came with complaints of menstrual bleeding only on taking medication. She never attained menarche, following which she was started on treatment outside, on withdrawal bleeding for the past 3 years. She was now evaluated and diagnosed as Swyer syndrome and bilateral gonadectomy was done laproscopically. Swyer syndrome patients can get married, have normal sexual life and can get pregnant through invitro fertilisation with donor oocyte if desired.
Imaging diagnosis of primary pelvic hydatid: a rare case report
Authors: Vaidya Shirish V. , Patange Neeraj A. , Khan Sheeba J.
Published: January 2017

Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus a commonly encountered parasitic infection to humans in tropical countries. Humans are accidental intermediate hosts of Echinococcus. Liver is the most commonly infected organ. Any organ of the body can be affected but primary pelvic hydatid disease is rarely reported. Preoperative diagnosis can be established by imaging studies such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, a case is reported of pelvic hydatid in a young female who presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain along with an abdominal mass. General physical examination and radiological evaluation confirmed a multiloculated cystic lesion in pelvic. Patient was subjected to laparotomy which confirmed the diagnosis of a primary pelvic hydatid disease.
Diffuse steatonecrosis - presenting as an obscure abdominal mass - a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kumar Binay , Chachra Upasna , Bhuvan .
Published: January 2017

Diffuse steatonecrosis secondary to acute / gangrenous pancreatitis presenting as vague abdominal mass is difficult to diagnose and requires special method / techniques for demonstration of fatty acid crystalloids. We report a case of acute abdomen with palpable lump. On emergency exploratory laprotomy a large thick jumbled up omental mass was revealed adhered to parietal wall along with complete pancreatic necrosis. Biopsy show diffuse fat necrosis of pericolic fat, omentum / mesentry with involvement of gut submucosa and birefringent saponified fatty acid crystalloids were demonstrated. Steatonecrosis may cause diagnostic dilemma and should be considered as differential diagnosis in appropriate clinical setting.
RSK-dependent 14-3-3 interactions
Authors: Saha Madhurima
Published: January 2017

14-3-3 proteins were identified as abundant proteins from bovine brain homogenates. They eluted at the 14th fraction from a two-dimensional DEAE-cellulose chromatography column and were the 3.3 band on the subsequent gel electrophoresis.1 14-3-3s were also given different names according to their novel roles in different organisms ranging from plants to animals as reviewed by Aitken.2 Physiologically, these are 30kDa acidic proteins and modulate other proteins in signal transduction pathways by binding to specific phospho-serine/threonine target motifs. The two highly preferred motifs recognized by 14-3-3 on their target proteins are R[S/Φ][+]pS/TXP (mode 1) and RX[S/Φ][+]pS/TXP (mode 2) where pS/T means phosphorylated serine or threonine, Φ means an aromatic residue, + is a basic residue and X is any type of an amino acid with a preference for Leu, Glu, Ala, Met.3 The regulation of multiple oncogenic proteins has spotlighted 14-3-3 as the central point of various signaling cues which govern cell proliferation, growth and tumor suppression.4 There are seven distinct isoforms in mammals (ζ, β, γ, η, σ, τ and ε), fifteen in plants and two each in D. melanogaster and C. elegans.5 They exist as homodimers and except for the sigma isoform which exists as heterodimers within the cell and can bind to more than one protein due to the dimerization of the monomers.12
A Study of Portal Hypertensive Polyps
Authors: C. Aravind , S. Arul Murugan , Kiran B. Sai Ravi
Published: January 2017

Background: Portal hypertension induces mucosal changes like portal hypertensive gastropathy, duodenopathy and colonic mucosal abnormalities. These polyps are commonly found in the stomach than other parts of bowel. Portal hypertensive polyp usually occur in cirrhotic portal hypertension and are also in extra hepatic portal vein occlusion.  Diagnostic criteria for portal hypertensive polyp is not yet clearly described. Hence it becomes essential to evaluate the prevalence of polyps in portal hypertensive patients. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of portal hypertensive polyps in patients with portal hypertension due to any etiology.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of patients with portal hypertensive polyps. All patients in age group of 18 to 80 years who had portal hypertension diagnosed by clinical, laboratory and imaging criteria who went upper gastro intestinal endoscopy from the period of May 2012 to April 2013 were included in the study. Diagnosis of portal hypertensive polyps was confirmed histologically. Patients with proton pump inhibitor use, gastric varices,          h. pylori gastritis, history of inherited polyposis syndromes, patients who refused consent were excluded.Results: A total of 3,621upper GI endoscopies were done of which 428 patients had portal hypertension. Polyps were noted in 9 patients (2.1%). Out of 428 patients 366 had chronic liver disease and 62 had extrahepatic portal hypertension and out of them 1 was excluded due to Rapid urease test positivity. Histopathological examination showed four had extensive vascular proliferation and glandular hyperplasia (portal hypertensive polyp) two had hyperplastic polyp and other two had neuroendocrine tumour. Endoscopic appearances of polyps varied considerably, with sizes ranging from 5mm to 15 mm. Polyps were sessile or pedunculated, singular or multiple, found in the antrum, body of the stomach .There is no specific endoscopic features to identify portal hypertensive polyps.Conclusions: Portal hypertensive polyps are rare. There is no specific endoscopic features. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. Longterm studies are needed to characterise their significance.
Lung cancer: 1 year experience at tertiary care centre with reference to cytodiagnostic approach
Authors: Mehta Mansi , Gupta Nisha , Odhwani Jaydeep , Desai Nandini , Santwani P. M.
Published: January 2017

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer incidence wise as well as leading cause of cancer related death in worldwide as well as in India. Cytological diagnosis plays an important role in patients having lung cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate sensitivity of various cytological methods in diagnosis of lung cancer, to study typing of lung cancer, age and gender wise distribution of lung cancer and its association with smoking.Methods: This study includes patients having clinical and radiological diagnosis of lung cancer. Total 150 cases of entire January 2015 to December 2015 are included. Methods obtaining samples includes, abrasive cytology by bronchoscope guided: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); brush cytology and bronchial washing, CT/USG guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration, trans- bronchial needle aspiration. Samples have been processed as per standard protocols and cytomorphology of samples are studied, along with these patient age, gender, and smoking habit have been recorded.Results: Sensitivity of various method: abrasive cytology by bronchoscope guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); brush cytology and bronchial washing, trance bronchial needle aspiration, CT/USG guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration is 70%, 66%, 90% respectively. Adenocarcinoma is most common carcinoma followed by squamous carcinoma, having incident of 41%, 31.39% respectively. In male patient peak age is 5th decade, and in female peak age is 6th decade. Male:female ratio is 5.1:1. Adenocarcinoma is most common carcinoma is 10 times more common in non-smokers as compare to squamous cell carcinoma .But association of squamous cell carcinoma with smoking is 97%.Conclusions: CT/USG guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration method has highest sensitivity. In male patients peak age of presentation of lung carcinoma is 5th decade, and in female patient’s peak age is 6th decade. Lung carcinoma found to be more common in males than in females. Adenocarcinoma is most common carcinoma. It is 10 times more common in non-smokers as compare to squamous cell carcinoma. Association of squamous cell carcinoma with smoking is 97%.
C - reactive protein predictive marker value and its significance in management of pre dialysis chronic kidney disease patients when correlated with total serum proteins and serum albumin levels: experience in a teaching institution
Authors: Arora Balvinder Singh , Biswal Indu , Sen Poornima , Rajan Santhosh , Ali Amjad , Rajwanshi Prabal
Published: January 2017

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is imposing newer challenges, not only globally, but, also in India, especially managing the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Screening for CKD at an early stage, by, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) with or without other clinical, biochemical or anthropometric parameters helps initiate specific therapy to reduce the progression of renal disease. Although, malnutrition, inflammation and cardio vascular diseases (CVD) have been shown as significant independent risk factors of mortality in CKD patients, but, whether there exists any relationship between hsCRP and serum proteins and serum albumin levels, one of the important indicators of PEM, has not been extensively studied in pre-dialysis CKD patients.Methods: The study included a total of 60 adult subjects. Of these, 30 were study cases who fulfilled the case definition of CKD and were compared with 30 patients who did not show any signs or symptoms of CKD. As per the objective - hsCRP values were estimated by ELISA test, quantified and statistically correlated with total serum proteins and albumin levels.Results: A significant difference was found in the mean value of hsCRP in cases and in controls (p value 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the mean level of total serum protein in cases and controls, but, the mean differences in the level of serum albumin between cases and controls was significant. The association of serum albumin and hsCRP was found to be significant (p value <0.001). If a level of serum albumin < 3.5 is taken as a marker of malnutrition, it is found that 66.66% of patients have hypo-albuminaemia.Conclusions: The present study comes to an important conclusion that hsCRP is a useful  independent predictor of CKD and if correlated with serum albumin levels, it would help clinician manage the patient effectively by initiating an aggressive yet very appropriate therapy at the pre-dialysis stage with the likelihood of an ‘evidence based’ reduction in morbidity and mortality.