bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Papua “Merbau” Iron Wood (Eusideroxylon Zwagerii) through in-Vitro Tissue Culture
Authors: Rahanra Roy Marthen , Imron Muhammad , Yarmalinda Dwi
Published: January 2022

Papua's ironwood comes from the merbau plant that inhabits the forests of Papua, one of which is in the Yapen Islands Regency, Serui City. In conventional cultivating ironwood for commercial purposes, there are various problems. When using powder and soil, a lot of sawdust is needed. In addition, the time required for planting seeds to produce shoots that are ready to be planted in the field takes a very long time of about 9-12 months. The first step in the cultivation of merbau tissue culture is to find the right formula for growth regulators. Auxins and cytokines are the right steps to stimulate merbau wood growth. It seems that the role of auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (BAP) in Murashige and Skoog media on Merbau Wood using cotyledon and meristem explants with good concentrations for shoot and plantlet formation was 1.0 mg/l IAA and 5, 0 mg/l from the latest research using hormones including NAA, Chitin and BAP in Merbau (Eusideroxylon zwageri) wood culture. NAA concentration 1 mg/l (A4B5) formed shoots and callus, A4B1 (NAA 1 mg/l; BAP 0 mg/l) resulted in organogenesis and NAA concentration 0.2 mg/l without cytokinins (A2B1) produced multiple shoots. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus. The interaction of the combination of auxin NAA 1 mg/l with BAP 0.6 mg/l (A4B7) gave the best response in embryosomatic formation in implanted explants. While the interaction of NAA 0.2 mg/l with Kinetic 2 mg/l (A3B3) resulted in shoots and callus.
The Effect of Probiotic Giving on Body Size Broiler Chicken Aged 2-4 Weeks
Authors: Badaruddin Rusli , Nafiu La Ode , Pagala Muhammad Amrullah , Munadi La Ode Muh
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to determine the effect of giving different probiotics to the growth rate of several body parts of broiler chickens such as chest circumference, femur length, tibia length, and body length at 2-4 weeks of age with 100 MB 202 platinum strain using BP 11 commercial feed, probiotic supplements. Liquid organics, Lacto probiotics, and local probiotics (tape yeast). The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) then the data obtained were analyzed employing variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant effect, it was continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the analysis showed that the administration of tape yeast in broiler drinking water showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on the increase in chest circumference, femur length, and body length which was greater than liquid organic probiotics and lacto.
Soviet Planning: What and Why Is Relevant in the XXI Century
Authors: Kolganov Andrei I.
Published: January 2022

Planning has become widespread in countries with different socio-economic systems. At the same time, both the evaluation of the results of using planned methods and these planned methods themselves have significant differences. They depend both on the features of the socio-economic systems in which planning was applied, and on the tasks that it solved. To study these dependencies, it is useful to turn to the experience of planning in the USSR, which demonstrates different options for using planning methods. During the years of the new economic policy, planning functioned in the conditions of a broad development of market and capitalist relations. Therefore, the planning methods were adapted to the market conditions. The planning itself was mainly indicative, and the achievement of planned results was built by influencing the economic interests of economic entities. Therefore, it is possible to find a significant similarity in the model of Soviet planning during the years of the new economic policy and those planning methods that were used in the post-war period in Europe, Japan, and then in the new industrial countries. The model of directive planning, which was developed in the USSR in the 1930s of the twentieth century, provided both certain advantages in the development of the economy (the mobilization and concentration of significant masses of resources for deep structural changes in the economy, the implementation of large scientific, technical and social projects), and was burdened with serious contradictions. The Soviet model of directive planning did not have effective institutions that expressed the economic interests of enterprises and their collectives, did not create incentives for technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, and ultimately led to the predominance of the interests of the top government departments. To prevent the development of such contradictions, one-sided reflection of the interests of narrow social groups, the planned system should be built on democratic grounds.
Production of Public Goods as a Space for the Development of Human Potential: Contradictions and the Potential of Soviet Practices
Authors: Yakovleva Natalia G.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the contradictions in the development of public goods production sphere in the USSR. It is shown that, on the one hand, such spheres as science, education, public health care, culture, etc. in this economic system were developing on the principles of general accessibility, egalitarianism, guarantees of employment. This provision has become one of the foundations for the formation of creative potential among a wide range of citizens, boost of creative activity, high results in the development of human potential, technology, culture. On the other hand, in these areas, as in the economy as a whole, this progress was hampered by numerous deformations of progressive trends (bureaucracy, shadow commercial relations, etc.). Critical use of the experience of the USSR shows that the development of spheres in which prevails creative labor as spaces for the creation and distribution of public goods can give high economic, social and humanitarian results, provided they are organized in the democratic mode.
Theoretical Aspects of the Digital Economy
Authors: Shvetsov Yuri G.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to verify the theoretical content of the digital economy. Within the framework of the set goal, the following tasks were solved: substantiation the fragmentation of private analytical developments and the lack of their necessary generalization for comprehensive disclosure of the essence of the phenomenon of the digital economy; characterization of current trends in financial markets, in the spheres of production and employment of the population; disclosure of the socio-economic essence of the virtual space; forecasting the main contours of the material basis of the future. The article discusses the basic provisions of the theory of digital economy, synthesizing the practical experience of its formation in the Russian society. The new content of commodity-money relations, the leading role of intangible assets in it, the objective nature of the monopoly of electronic money, which has lost a number of its specific functions, and the transformation of monetary institutions into multi-disciplinary financial concerns are substantiated.
Emulsi Sereh Wangi untuk Konservasi Cagar Budaya Berbahan Batu dan Bata
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: January 2022

Cagar budaya berbahan batu terletak di dalam ruangan maupun di luar ruangan sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan dan pelapukan. Kerusakan dan pelapukan pada cagar budaya dapat disebabkan oleh faktor internal yaitu material penyusun benda itu sendiri maupun faktor eksternal yaitu lingkungan benda itu berada. Jenis kerusakan dan pelapukan terdiri dari fisis, kimia dan biologi. Pelapukan yang terjadi pada cagar budaya berbahan batu akibat faktor biologi disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan ganggang/algae, lumut/moss, lumut kerak/lichen. cara mengatasi lumut selama ini dilakukan dengan pembersihan secara mekanis kering, mekanis basah dan bahan kimia menggunakan hyvar XL. Sedangkan untuk mengatasi lumut kerak/lichen secara kimiawi dengan menggunakan AC 322 terdiri dari ammonium bikarbonat, sodium bikarbonat, disodium salt EDTA, CMC, Arkopal dan air. pembersihan dengan cara mekanis kering dan basah tidak mengatasi pertumbuhan lumut karena bersifat hanya memindahkan spora tidak membunuh lumut. Sedangkan penggunaan bahan kimia seperti Hyvar XL dan AC 322 dapat mencemari lingkungan.

Bahan yang diuji sebagai bahan alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk membunuh koloni lumut dan lumut kerak/lichen adalah emulsi sereh wangi.  Emulsi sereh wangi terdiri dari minyak atsiri sereh wangi dan surfaktan tween 80. Variasi konsentrasi bahan yang diujikan yaitu 3%, 5%, 7% dan 10% dengan konsentrasi surfaktan tween 80 sebesar 5%. Pengujian bahan skala lapangan dengan cara penyemprotan bahan pada batu yang ditumbuhi koloni lumut dan lumut kerak/lichen.  Parameter yang diamati adalah pengamatan visual terhadap perubahan warna, nilai ΔE perubahan warna sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pengujian, dan dampak penggunaan emulsi sereh wangi 10%  pada batu segar.

Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan emulsi sereh wangi dapat menjadi bahan alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk membunuh koloni lumut pada cagar budaya berbahan batu. Bahan emulsi sereh wangi konsentrasi 3%, 5%, 7% dan 10% secara visual atau kualitatif dapat membunuh lumut dalam durasi kontak 24 jam dan  emulsi sereh wangi konsentrasi 5%, 7%, dan 10% dapat membunuh lumut kerak/lichen dalam durasi kontak 48 jam, dilihat dari perubahan warna lumut dari hijau menjadi kecoklatan dan layu mengering.  Sedangkan secara kuantitatif pengukuran perubahan warna dengan menggunakan alat kolori meter dilihat nilai LAB kemudian dihitung nilai ΔE dengan software colortool. Perubahan warna lumut setelah kontak 24 jam dengan emulsi sereh wangi konsentrasi 10%, dilihat dari nilai ΔE2000 sebesar 8,5721 sedangkan perubahan warna lumut kerak/lichen setelah kontak 48 jam denilai ΔE2000 sebesar 7,2063. Untuk mengetahui dampak penggunaan bahan terhadap batu bersih/segar, kontak dengan bahan selama 6 hari dilakukan pengukuran nilai ΔE2000 sebesar 3,4592, penggunaan bahan emulsi sereh wangi 10% tidak merubah warna batuan. Berdasarkan National Bureau of Standards GB7705-87 (National Institute of Standards and Technology), suatu benda dikatakan memiliki warna yang sama jika memiliki nilai ΔE ≤6.
Replies to Contesi, Hardcastle, Pismenny, and Gallegos
Authors: Elpidorou Andreas
Published: January 2022

The commentaries by Contesi, Hardcastle, Pismenny, and Gallegos pose pressing questions about the nature of boredom, frustration, and anticipation. Although their questions concern specific claims that I make in Propelled, they are of broad philosophical interest for, ultimately, they pave the way for a better understanding of these three psychological states. In my responses to the commentators, I clarify certain claims made in Propelled; provide additional support for my understanding of frustration; articulate the relationship between effort and value; defend the claim that boredom is an emotion and discuss its formal object; and finally, consider the relationship between boredom (ordinarily understood) and deep or profound boredom. I am grateful to the commentators for engaging with Propelled.
PRAKTIK MACHIAVELLIAN BERBASIS GENDER MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DARI PESPEKTIF SEMIOTIKA
Authors:   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia, Totanan Chalarce , Arista Arista ,   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia, Yamin Nina Yusnita ,   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia, Abdulllah Muhammad Ikbal ,   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia, Muliati Muliati ,   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia, Indriasari Rahayu ,   Universitas Tadulako Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Research Purposes. The study aims is to analyze Machiavellian practices in accounting students based on gender by feminine and masculinity. Research Method. This research based with Roland Barthes's semiotic paradigm. Data were obtained through interviews and involving themselves in the lecture and exam processes. Informants are accounting students were randomly selected. Research Result and Findings. Machiavellian practice in denotation findings reveals that student actions are rule in written regulations, while the connotation reveals that the practice based on courage, solidarity, perfectionist and sensitivity level in carrying out the action of Machiavellian practices on accounting students. The meaning of myth in Barthes semiotics departs on the connotation meaning, where this study reveals that femininity and masculinity play a role for students in carrying out Machiavellian practices. The findings of this research, that when each student wants brilliant achievement so that he uses an improper method.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DIREKSI DAN RISIKO PERUSAHAAN PADA AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DI INDONESIA
Authors:   Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN, Reza Muhammad , Asqolani Asqolani ,   Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN
Published: January 2022

Research Purposes. This research aims to examine the effect of directors’ compensation and firm risk on tax aggressiveness and the role of social responsibility disclosure in moderating this influence. Research Methods. Data form manufacturing public companies in Indonesia are used with a purposive sampling method from 2016 to 2019 to obtain 58 samples and 232 observations. This study uses two research models, namely the research model without moderation and the research model with moderation. Research Result and Findings. This research concluded that the compensation for directors and firm risk on tax avoidance has a significant positive effect. In addition to this, corporate social responsibility is also proven to weaken the positive effect of compensation for directors as well as firm risk on tax aggressiveness.
Impact of Irrigation Erosion on the Agrochemical Properties of Mountain-brown Soils and the Productivity of Cereals and Legumes
Authors: Aliyev Z. , Ziyadov M. , Mamedova E.
Published: January 2022

The cultivation of perennial grasses in mountainous areas protects the slopes from erosion and provides animals with good food. According to the results of the studies, it was determined that the restoration of fertility and the ecological balance of erosional lands and the implementation of soil and agrotechnical measures is of great importance for increasing yields. Thanks to the application of these measures, as a result of the improvement of the water-physical properties of the affected lands, runoff of surface waters is prevented. Perennial grasses accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of legumes, enrich the soil with organic substances, accelerate the formation of a water-resistant granular-fuel structure and improve its water-physical properties, which in turn contributes to the rapid assimilation of minerals.
Clinical Observation of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Begiev B. , Uraimov Zh. , Zhanbaeva A. , Imetova Zh. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: January 2022

Research relevance: the article presents the results after clinical observation of peripartum cardiomyopathy in a patient aged 30 years. Purpose of the study: to analyze the results of a clinical study conducted in the cardiology department of the Osh Medical United Clinical Hospital. Research methods: a differential diagnosis of acute myocarditis, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy was carried out. Research results: taking into account the life history, laboratory and instrumental examination data, the diagnosis was peripartum cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: the treatment carried out gave a satisfactory clinical effect.
False Additives in Canned Meats as a Source of Food Allergens
Authors: Soldatova S. , Guseva T.
Published: January 2022

The introduction of undeclared ingredients into a food product formulation can lead to serious health problems, especially in people with allergic diseases. Identification of the composition of a food product helps to prevent possible negative consequences of the influence of allergic additives. The present study was carried out by the histological method using the example of canned meat as the most frequently falsified product. Plant-based protein products and thickening food additives were found in many samples. Conclusions are made about a high level of counterfeiting of this type of product, including allergens, which is a risk factor for human health.
On the Sanctions of Criminal Legal Standards Providing Responsibility for Fraud Under Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Khozeev N.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the criminal-legal problem of countering one of the most common types of crimes against property — fraud. The issues concerning the identification of the most complex legislative structures in order to improve and increase the effectiveness of the application in practice of the rule on a special type of fraud are considered. The issues of improving the criminal law norms on liability for fraud in order to increase their effectiveness in countering such crimes are investigated. It is noted that the problems of applying the new rules on fraud (Articles 159–159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which is a common crime against property, remain unresolved. The signs of a special composition of fraud are analyzed, various judgments on this issue expressed in the legal literature are given. Proposals are being made to optimize criminal legislation in this area.
Social Institutions for Preventing Suicidal Behavior of Adolescents
Authors: Zholdoshbaev D. , Koshonova S. , Nakataev M. , Bylykova M.
Published: January 2022

Research relevance: socialization includes all the processes of communication with culture, upbringing and education, thanks to which a person gets the opportunity to participate in public and social life. The whole environment of a person is involved in the process of socialization: family, neighbors, peers in children's institutions, schools, the media, etc. Research objectives: thus, we identified such requirements for the components of socialization, the specifics of the content of socialization tasks inherent in adolescence, and the level of personal development of adolescent students in accordance with the requirements of modern society. Research materials and methods: general medical interventions include treatment aimed at eliminating the somatic and neurological consequences of suicide attempts and preventing disability. Research results: reconstruction of the education system and public education will be successful only if it is the work of the whole society. Conclusions: it is important to focus all social life, social-cultural environment, education and training system on the younger generation.
Management of Students Educational and Recognitive Activities in Pre-army Physical Training Classes
Authors: Anarkulov R. , Baimuratov K. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: January 2022

Research relevance: students’ effective activity, all tasks performed by them, and the requirements imposed should be under constant and qualified guidance, in this regard, the problem of managing the educational and cognitive activity of students of pre-conscription physical training is relevant. Research objectives: to highlight the leading requirements for the management of student activities. Research materials and methods: scientific and pedagogical theory of objective world reflection, the steady deepening of information about educational and cognitive material (ECM), more effective use of a variety of forms of knowledge transfer, skillful use of an increasing number of special methodological techniques, deepening interaction of the used information sources. Research results: requirements for the management of students’ activities were formulated to achieve regulated interaction of informational and motor aspects of physical control; ensure the correspondence of the transmitted information to the specifics of the proposed exercise; rely on the leading factors of the unity of the informational and motor sides of the exercise; use a directed combination of informational and motor aspects of the exercise. Conclusions: knowledge is a necessary prerequisite for a more meaningful mastering of motor skills and abilities, effective use of existing physical abilities in military-sports and other activities.
Model of Methodology for Organizing Project-based Biology Training in Non-core Institutions of Secondary Vocational Education
Authors: Timoshina L.
Published: January 2022

Biological knowledge is one of the fundamental components of a common human culture, because without knowledge of biology it is unthinkable to develop an ecological way of thinking, to ensure the perception of the scientific principles of interaction of the Man-Nature system. The formation of a healthy lifestyle, the preservation of ecosystems, and the development of mankind are based on knowledge of biology. The purpose of the article is to develop and use a model of a methodology for organizing project-based education in biology in non-core institutions of secondary vocational education. The interrelation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills is a prerequisite for increasing the level of training of future specialists in any industry. In connection with the introduction of new FSES SPE into the work of educational institutions, secondary schools are required to improve the organization of the educational process and teaching materials. The involvement of students in the implementation of various projects leads to the development and development of project competence, and its level is determined by the number and quality of developed projects. The author concludes that the formation of competencies among students at secondary schools through project activities takes place.
Methodology and Methods of Research on the State and Causes of Academic Failure in Modern Schoolchildren
Authors: Turukbaeva A. , Gilyauzizova N.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the author reveals research methods for working with underperforming students. We conducted an electronic survey (in connection with the pandemic) of students in urban schools and their parents, and each question was analyzed. As diagnostic methods for studying the state and causes of academic failure in modern schoolchildren, the author used various methods: the method of theoretical analysis of scientific, pedagogical, psychological, managerial and methodological literature on the research problem, the method of empirical research, the diagnostic method, the method of pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, forming, control and their description). The study of the reasons for academic failure was carried out in three stages, which differed both substantively and procedurally. The first stage was devoted to a questionnaire survey of students and parents of students in order to identify their interest and participation in general in the upbringing and academic performance of the child. At the second stage, the students' color world analyzer was used. And the final, third stage, contains the application of tests of school anxiety to diagnose the socio-psychological climate. The purpose of the methodology is to identify the level of anxiety in adolescents, localized in three main planes: educational activity, relationships with peers and significance in the eyes of adults and self-image. After all, adolescence is still an insufficiently mature and insufficiently socially matured person; it is a person who is at a special stage in the formation of its most important features and qualities. This stage is the borderline between childhood and adulthood.
Assessment and Distribution of Foliar and Soil-Borne Diseases of Capsicum Species in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Tajudin A. , Welderufael Alemayehu H. , Yeshinigus Bayoush B.
Published: January 2022

Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes lead to reduced productivity of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ethiopia. Currently, knowledge about severity and geographical distribution of fungal diseases in pepper producing areas is limited. Thus this study was aimed: to map the geographical distribution of economically relevant Capsicum diseases and to identify, document, prioritize, and update the status of fungal infectious diseases across the country. A survey was conducted throughout major pepper agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia for two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019/20. Districts were surveyed based on pepper production at intervals of 4 to 10 kilometers from each sampling zone of major pepper growing areas. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to mark each sampling point using a GPS receiver for altitude and coordinates. Nine major pathogenic fungi were identified in samples collected from different pepper-producing areas across the country.  Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici was found prevalent in 39.8% of the 133 fields studied, followed by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, and Phytophthora collar, root, and fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici, prevalent in 21.1% and 15.8% fields, respectively. The maximum overall mean percent severity index (69.5%) was recorded for Fusarium stem and root rot (Fusarium solani) followed by damping-off (56.7%) and Fusarium wilt (55.4%). The current study indicated the importance of fungal diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases. The molecular characterizations, primers development for important pathogens, and genome-wide screening of Capsicum genotypes in Ethiopia required to advance environmentally safe and affordable disease control methods.
A Analisis Bahaya pada Pengrajin Anyaman Bambu
Authors: Sriagustini Isyeu , Supriyani Teni
Published: January 2022

Anyaman bambu tidak ada habisnya untuk dibuat berbagai kerajinan tangan dengan nilai guna dan seni yang tinggi. Namun dibalik itu, terdapat proses kerja yang panjang dan kemungkinan potensi bahaya sehingga perlindungan pekerja dibutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya lingkungan kerja pada setiap tahap pembuatan kerajinan anyaman bambu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengrajin anyaman bambu dan objek penelitiannya adalah seluruh tahapan kegiatan pembuatan kerajinan anyaman bambu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat kegiatan utama pembuatan kerajinan anyaman bambu, yaitu tahap pembuatan bahan anyaman, tahap penyiapan bahan tambahan anyaman, pembuatan produk anyaman, dan finishing. Dari masing-masing tahap kegiatan pembuatan anyaman bambu, empat potensi bahaya teridentifikasi yakni:  bahaya fisik berupa cuaca kerja dan kebisingan; bahaya kimia berupa debu, asap dan bahan kimia yang diaplikasikan; bahaya ergonomi dari cara dan posisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis; dan bahaya mekanik dari bahan dan peralatan yang digunakan. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa pada setiap tahap kegiatan pembuatan anyaman bambu terdapat potensi bahaya lingkungan kerja yang perlu diperhatikan oleh pengrajin maupun pemilik usaha. Data hasil identifikasi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai data dasar upaya pengendalian bahaya lingkungan kerja.
Efectos de la salinidad en eventos de depredación entre larvas de Cardisoma guanhumi y Tetrahymena hegewishi
Authors: Santos Mella Francisco , Leiro Vidal José , García Gómez Vasti , Hierro Santos Karina
Published: January 2022

Varios autores han asociado las relaciones entre protozoos ciliados y crustáceos con eventos de depredación en larvas. El presente estudio reporta eventos depredadores de larvas de Cardisoma guanhumi por Tetrahymena hegewishi, considerando la salinidad como factor de influencia. Se recolectaron zoeas en el primer estadio larvario de C. guanhumi y se colocaron en recipientes de 100 ml. Los recipientes fueron dispuestos para formar un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con diez repeticiones, constituyendo dos tratamientos regidos por su salinidad: un tratamiento de agua dulce (0.2 ppt) y un tratamiento de control basado en la salinidad del estanque de recolección de larvas (3.4 ppt). Después de 36 horas de ver el primer grupo de trofontes de T. hegewishi, todas las zoeas estaban muertas. Posteriormente, fueron llevadas al microscopio para contar los trofontes de T. hegewishi en un rango de 1 mm alrededor de estas. Para determinar el efecto de la salinidad en las densidades de población de T. hegewishi se utilizó una prueba T. Los resultados de la prueba T muestran diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, mostrando a la población de T. hegewishi una disminución considerable cuando aumenta la salinidad. Debido al efecto negativo de la salinidad sobre la población de T. hegewishi, se infiere que este factor puede ser una alternativa para eliminar T. hegewishi de los cultivos de cangrejos, interfiriendo en la proliferación de los ciliados.
Challenges in Bioinformatics Workflows for Processing Microbiome Omics Data at Scale
Authors: Hu Bin , Canon Shane , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Anubhav  , Babinski Michal , Corilo Yuri , Davenport Karen , Duncan William D. , Fagnan Kjiersten , Flynn Mark , Foster Brian , Hays David , Huntemann Marcel , Jackson Elais K. Player , Kelliher Julia , Li Po-E. , Lo Chien-Chi , Mans Douglas , McCue Lee Ann , Mouncey Nigel , Mungall Christopher J. , Piehowski Paul D. , Purvine Samuel O. , Smith Montana , Varghese Neha Jacob , Winston Donald , Xu Yan , Chain Patrick S. G.
Published: January 2022

The nascent field of microbiome science is transitioning from a descriptive approach of cataloging taxa and functions present in an environment to applying multi-omics methods to investigate microbiome dynamics and function. A large number of new tools and algorithms have been designed and used for very specific purposes on samples collected by individual investigators or groups. While these developments have been quite instructive, the ability to compare microbiome data generated by many groups of researchers is impeded by the lack of standardized application of bioinformatics methods. Additionally, there are few examples of broad bioinformatics workflows that can process metagenome, metatranscriptome, metaproteome and metabolomic data at scale, and no central hub that allows processing, or provides varied omics data that are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR). Here, we review some of the challenges that exist in analyzing omics data within the microbiome research sphere, and provide context on how the National Microbiome Data Collaborative has adopted a standardized and open access approach to address such challenges.
Title: p38δ Regulates IL6 Expression Modulating ERK Phosphorylation in Preadipocytes
Authors: Díaz-Chamorro Selene , Garrido-Jiménez Sergio , Barrera-López Juan Francisco , Mateos-Quirós Clara María , Cumplido-Laso Guadalupe , Lorenzo María Jesús , Román Ángel Carlos , Bernardo Edgar , Sabio Guadalupe , Carvajal-González José María , Centeno Francisco
Published: January 2022

IL6 is an essential cytokine in metabolism regulation and for intercommunication among different organs and tissues. IL6 produced by different tissues has different functions and therefore it is very important to understand the mechanism of its expression in adipose tissue. In this work we demonstrated that IL6 expression in mouse preadipocytes, like in human, is partially dependent on Wnt5a and JNK. Using mouse preadipocytes lacking each one of the p38 SAPK family members, we have shown that IL6 expression is also p38γ and p38δ dependent. In fact, the lack of some of these two kinases increases IL6 expression without altering that of Wnt5a. Moreover, we show that the absence of p38δ promotes greater ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a MEK1/2 independent manner, and that this increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation state is contributing to the higher IL6 expression in p38δ−/- preadipocytes. These results suggest a new crosstalk between two MAPK signaling pathway, p38δ and ERK1/2, where p38δ modulates the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2.
Multi-Omics Analysis of the Therapeutic Value of MAL2 Based on Data Mining in Human Cancers
Authors: Yuan Jing , Jiang Xiaoyan , Lan Hua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ding Tianyi , Yang Fan , Zeng Da , Yong Jiahui , Niu Beibei , Xiao Songshu
Published: January 2022

Recent studies have reported that T-cell differentiation protein 2 (MAL2) is an important regulator in cancers. Here, we downloaded data from multiple databases to analyze MAL2 expression and function in pan-cancers, especially in ovarian cancer (OC). Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases was used to examine MAL2 expression in 13 types of cancer. Kaplan–Meier plotter database was used to analyze the overall survival rate of MAL2 in pan-cancers. The Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), cBioPortal, and UCSC databases were used to examine MAL2 mutation in human cancers. Metascape, STRING, and GeneMANIA websites were used to explore MAL2 function in OC. Furthermore, ggplot2 package and ROC package were performed to analyze hub gene expression and undertake receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Drug sensitivity of MAL2 in OC was examined by the GSCALite database. In order to verify the results from databases above, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were conducted to detect the expression of MAL2 in OC cells. CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to knockout the MAL2 gene in the OC cell lines HO8910 and OVCAR3, using specific guide RNA targeting the exons of MAL2. Then, we performed proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays to investigate the impact of MAL2 in OC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated biomarkers were significantly altered in vitro via western blotting and qRT-PCR. Taken together, we observed that MAL2 was remarkably dysregulated in multiple cancers and was related to patient overall survival (OS), mutation, and drug sensitivity. Furthermore, experimental results showed that MAL2 deletion negatively regulated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of OC, indicating that MAL2 is a novel oncogene that can activate EMT, significantly promote both the proliferation and migration of OC in vitro and in vivo, and provide new clues for treatment strategies.
Longitudinal Trend of Plasma Concentrations of Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Campello Elena , Radu Claudia Maria , Simion Chiara , Spiezia Luca , Bulato Cristiana , Gavasso Sabrina , Tormene Daniela , Perin Nicola , Turatti Giacomo , Simioni Paolo
Published: January 2022

Plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from cells involved in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), their longitudinal trend and association with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a medical Unit were longitudinally collected within 48 h of admission, at discharge and 30 days post-discharge. EVs were analyzed using high sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL). The following EVs were measured: endothelium-, platelet-, leukocyte-derived, bearing tissue factor (TF)+, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)+, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGF-β)+ and SARS-CoV-2-nucleoprotein (NP)+. 91 patients were recruited for baseline EV analysis (mean age 67 ± 14 years, 50.5% male) and 48 underwent the longitudinal evaluation. From baseline to 30-days post-discharge, we observed significantly decreased plasma concentrations of endothelium-derived EVs (E-Selectin+), endothelium-derived bearing TF (E-Selectin+ TF+), endothelium-derived bearing ACE2 (E-Selectin+ACE2+) and leukocyte-EVs bearing TF (CD45+TF+), p < 0.001, p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively. Conversely, platelet-derived (P-Selectin+) and leukocyte-derived EVs (CD45+) increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (p = 0.038 and 0.032, respectively). EVs TF+, ACE2+, PDGF-β+, and SARS-CoV-2-NP+ did not significantly change during the monitoring. PPL increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (+ 6.3 s, p = 0.006). P-Selectin + EVs >1,054/µL were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.024), E-Selectin + EVs ≤531/µL with worsening/death (p 0.026) and 30-days P-Selectin+ and CD45 + EVs with persistent symptoms (p < 0.0001). We confirmed increased EVs originating from cells involved in CAC at admission and discharge. EVs derived from activated pericytes and expressing SARS-CoV-2-NP were also detected. 30-days post-discharge, endothelium-EVs decreased, while platelet- and leukocyte-EVs further increased, indicating that cellular activation persists long after the acute phase.
Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Conductive Structured Supports for the Intensification of Non-adiabatic Gas-Solid Catalytic Processes: The Methane Steam Reforming Case Study
Authors: Balzarotti Riccardo , Ambrosetti Matteo , Beretta Alessandra , Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico
Published: January 2022

Structured catalysts are strong candidates for the intensification of non-adiabatic gas-solid catalytic processes thanks to their superior heat and mass transfer properties combined with low pressure drops. In the past two decades, different types of substrates have been proposed, including honeycomb monoliths, open-cell foams and, more recently, periodic open cellular structures produced by additive manufacturing methods. Among others, thermally conductive metallic cellular substrates have been extensively tested in heat-transfer limited exo- or endo-thermic processes in tubular reactors, demonstrating significant potential for process intensification. The catalytic activation of these geometries is critical: on one hand, these structures can be washcoated with a thin layer of catalytic active phase, but the resulting catalyst inventory is limited. More recently, an alternative approach has been proposed, which relies on packing the cavities of the metallic matrix with catalyst pellets. In this paper, an up-to-date overview of the aforementioned topics will be provided. After a brief introduction concerning the concept of structured catalysts based on highly conductive supports, specific attention will be devoted to the most recent advances in their manufacturing and in their catalytic activation. Finally, the application to the methane steam reforming process will be presented as a relevant case study of process intensification. The results from a comparison of three different reactor layouts (i.e. conventional packed bed, washcoated copper foams and packed copper foams) will highlight the benefits for the overall reformer performance resulting from the adoption of highly conductive structured internals.
Design of Organic Electronic Materials With a Goal-Directed Generative Model Powered by Deep Neural Networks and High-Throughput Molecular Simulations
Authors: Kwak H. Shaun , An Yuling , Giesen David J. , Hughes Thomas F. , Brown Christopher T. , Leswing Karl , Abroshan Hadi , Halls Mathew D.
Published: January 2022

In recent years, generative machine learning approaches have attracted significant attention as an enabling approach for designing novel molecular materials with minimal design bias and thereby realizing more directed design for a specific materials property space. Further, data-driven approaches have emerged as a new tool to accelerate the development of novel organic electronic materials for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. We demonstrate and validate a goal-directed generative machine learning framework based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) deep reinforcement learning approach for the design of hole transporting OLED materials. These large-scale molecular simulations also demonstrate a rapid, cost-effective method to identify new materials in OLEDs while also enabling expansion into many other verticals such as catalyst design, aerospace, life science, and petrochemicals.
Elucidating Spatially-Resolved Changes in Host Signaling During Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection
Authors: Glennon Elizabeth K. K. , Tongogara Tinotenda , Primavera Veronica I. , Reeder Sophia M. , Wei Ling , Kaushansky Alexis
Published: January 2022

Upon transmission to the human host, Plasmodium sporozoites exit the skin, are taken up by the blood stream, and then travel to the liver where they infect and significantly modify a single hepatocyte. Low infection rates within the liver have made proteomic studies of infected hepatocytes challenging, particularly in vivo, and existing studies have been largely unable to consider how protein and phosphoprotein differences are altered at different spatial locations within the heterogeneous liver. Using digital spatial profiling, we characterized changes in host signaling during Plasmodium yoelii infection in vivo without disrupting the liver tissue. Moreover, we measured alterations in protein expression around infected hepatocytes and identified a subset of CD163+ Kupffer cells that migrate towards infected cells during infection. These data offer the first insight into the heterogeneous microenvironment that surrounds the infected hepatocyte and provide insights into how the parasite may alter its milieu to influence its survival and modulate immunity.
Blood Collection Agency Messaging to Donors and the Public in Canada and Australia During the Early Days of COVID-19
Authors: Haw Jennie , Thorpe Rachel , Holloway Kelly
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to health systems around the world, including blood collection agencies (BCAs). Many countries, such as Canada and Australia, that rely on non-remunerated voluntary donors saw an initial drop in donors in the early days of the pandemic followed by a return to sufficient levels of the blood supply. BCA messaging plays a key role in communicating the needs of the blood operator, promoting and encouraging donation, educating, and connecting with the public and donors. This paper is an interpretive discourse analysis of BCA messaging in Canada and Australia from March 1-July 31, 2020 to understand how BCAs constructed donation to encourage donation during this period and what this can tell us about public trust and blood operators. Drawing on multiple sources of online content and print media, our analysis identified four dominant messages during the study period: 1) blood donation is safe; 2) blood donation is designated an essential activity; 3) blood is needed; and 4) blood donation is a response to the pandemic. In Canada and Australia, our analysis suggests that: 1) in a time of uncertainty, donors and some publics trusted the BCA to be an organization with expertise to ensure that donation is safe, essential, and able to meet patient needs; and 2) BCAs demonstrated their trustworthiness by aligning their messaging with public health and scientific experts. For BCAs, our analysis supports donor communications that are transparent and responsive to public concerns and the local context to support public trust. Beyond BCAs, health organizations and leaders cannot underestimate the importance of building and maintaining public trust as countries continue to struggle with containment of the virus and encourage vaccine uptake.
Acoustic-Perceptual Factors Both Maintain and Account for the Rarity of the Czech Trill-Fricative
Authors: Howson Phil J. , Monahan Philip J.
Published: January 2022

Czech has a sibilant inventory that contrasts at three places of articulation: Alveolar, a pre-post-alveolar, and palato-alveolar. The specific aim of this study is to examine the perception of the typologically rare Czech sibilant inventory and to determine whether acoustic-perceptual characteristics play a role in the maintenance of the Czech trill-fricative. These results are compared to a more common three-way sibilant inventory, Polish. Native Czech listeners performed an auditory AX discrimination task in two blocks: A Czech block and a Polish block. Stimuli were embedded in varying levels of noise to increase task difficulty. Signal-to-noise ratio differences affected the perception of the Czech sibilants more than Polish sibilants. Moreover, a multidimensional scaling analysis revealed less perceptual dispersion for the Czech inventory than the Polish inventory. These results suggest that there is greater difficulty maintaining the Czech inventory considering the signal-to-noise comparisons and that this a factor that contributes to its rarity; however, similarities in perceptual dispersion indicate that maintenance across several acoustic-perceptual cues is possible, and Czech shows few signs of losing this typologically rare contrast.
Comparison of Myocardial Layer-Specific Strain and Global Myocardial Work Efficiency During Treadmill Exercise Stress in Detecting Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lin Jingru , Gao Lijian , He Jia , Liu Mengyi , Cai Yuqi , Niu Lili , Zhao Ying , Li Xiaoni , Wang Jiangtao , Wu Weichun , Zhu Zhenhui , Wang Hao
Published: January 2022

Background

Myocardial layer-specific strain can identify myocardial ischemia. Global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) based on non-invasive left ventricular (LV) pressure-strain loops is a novel parameter to determine LV function considering afterload. The study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of GWE and myocardial layer-specific strain during treadmill exercise stress testing to detect significant coronary artery disease (CAD) with normal baseline wall motion.

Methods

Eighty-nine patients who referred for coronary angiography due to suspected of CAD were included. Forty patients with severe coronary artery stenosis were diagnosed with significant CAD, and 49 were defined as non-significant CAD. Stress echocardiography was performed 24 h before angiography. Layer-specific longitudinal strains were assessed from the endocardium, mid-myocardium, and epicardium by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between significant CAD and echocardiographic parameters. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the capability of layer-specific strain and GWE to diagnose significant CAD.

Results

Patients with significant CAD had the worse function in all three myocardial layers at peak exercise compared with those with non-significant CAD when assessed with global longitudinal strain (GLS). At the peak exercise and recovery periods, GWE was lower in patients with significant CAD than in patients with non-significant CAD. In multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, peak endocardial GLS (OR: 1.35, p = 0.006) and peak GWE (OR: 0.76, p = 0.001) were associated with significant CAD. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed peak GWE to be superior to mid-myocardial, epicardial, and endocardial GLS in identifying significant CAD. Further, adding peak GWE to endocardial GLS could improve diagnostic capabilities.

Conclusions

Both GWE and endocardial GLS contribute to improving the diagnostic performance of exercise stress echocardiography. Furthermore, adding peak GWE to peak endocardial GLS provides incremental diagnostic value during a non-invasive screening of significant CAD before radioactive or invasive examinations.