bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Translational Modifications in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Hossain Md. Farhad
Published: March 2020

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) increase proteome activity for controlling every feature of normal cell biology. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, fatty acylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation (small ubiquitin-like modifiers), methylation, deamidation, nitrosylation, etc. of proteins can regulate the properties of protein including intracellular distribution, functionality, stability, accumulation, as well as interactions. PTMs take place at any stage of the protein life cycle, regulating protein folding and activity in time and space, subcellular localization of the protein, and their activity. Hence, PTMs play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Abnormal PTMs of one or more culprit proteins might contribute to neurodegeneration, which is shown in some neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion disease. In this chapter, the authors focus on the most essential PTMs that are observed in neurodegenerative disorders and elucidating the pathogenesis wherein they are involved.
PINK1/Parkin in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Pandey Mukesh , Saleem Shakir , Nautiyal Himani , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Javed Md. Noushad
Published: March 2020

PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase encoded by the PINK1 gene, is thought to protect cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The activity of PINK1 facilitates the binding of Parkin protein with depolarized mitochondria to induce autophagy. Mutations of PINK1causes a type of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. Cell depends on the surveillance systems or mechanisms like protein quality control to handle the alterations in the proteins that are induced because of these mutations. These mutant proteins are found to be pathogenic and are reported to be related to various neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter focuses on the role of PINK1/Parkin in mitochondria quality control and its subsequent effect in neurodegeneration.
Understanding the Dynamics of Knowledge Management Tools in Two Public Universities in Delhi, India
Authors: Gupta Vikas
Published: March 2020

The chapter aims to explore the dynamics of knowledge management (KM) in terms of information and communication technologies (ICT) and KM tools in higher education institutions (HEIs). The various KM and ICT tools and their applicability are discussed in detail in two public universities in Delhi, India. The chapter is the result of the literature review pertaining to the changing educational ecosystem. A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and research papers has been carried out in the area of KM, ICT tools, and education. Forty-six KM tools extracted from four KM toolkits, and 12 ICT tools were tested. A survey with the 542 students, 112 faculty, and 48 administrators was conducted (separate for each category). The findings reveal that some of the ICT and KM tools have a significant presence in universities. These tools have not only enhanced knowledge sharing but also intensified the learning experience of the users.
Overtourism in Megalopolises
Authors: Gordin Valery , Borovskaia Irina , Fedorova Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

This chapter discusses manifestations of overtourism in the megapolis of St. Petersburg, which is a major cultural and tourist center. The idiosyncratic nature of overtourism in St. Petersburg is due to the fact that serving as its basis are spatial and temporal factors, which cause the city center to be overcrowded during high season. The chapter reviews the major methods of preventing and overcoming overtourism that are being employed in 18 megapolises that are largest tourist centers, and, based on results of the expert questionnaire, the authors identify methods that would be most suitable for St. Petersburg.
Bye Bye Lisbon
Authors: Mendes Luís
Published: March 2020

Urban tourism in its various forms has seen a great expansion at the beginning of the 21st century, but the overtourism as a mass phenomenon, hegemonic and dominant in the large Portuguese cities of Lisbon and Porto, is a recent phenomenon. Lisbon is experiencing a peak of international projection as a tourist destination, registering considerable uninterrupted increases in tourist arrivals, overnight stays, and daily revenues, as well as number of hotels, hostels, and short-rental tourist accommodation, with drastic impacts on the social and economic fabric in the historical districts of central Lisbon is recent. This chapter focuses on the driving forces of austerity urbanism and the neoliberal turn in urban politics that fuels the process of tourism gentrification, in the last decade, in Lisbon's historic neighborhoods.
Touristificacion in the Central Market of Valencia
Authors: Esteve Alexandra Joana Bol , Arnandis-i-Agramunt Ruben
Published: March 2020

This chapter analyses the relationship between cultural heritage and the tourism activity in the ongoing context of globalisation. It establishes the debate among society and tourism considering the process of touristification and its impact in cultural heritage, addressed initially to locals. Concretely, this investigation is focused on Valencia's Central Market, Spain, as a case study. By fieldwork research methods (direct observation and a questionnaire), a diagnosis of the central market's situation and its consumers' perception is presented, which reflects the transformation that it is suffering because of the tourism activity. A process of touristification has been identified in some areas of the Central Market with relation of the stall tipologies and location, related to the main entrances. The saturation of touristic flows during weekends has also been demonstrated in this investigation.
Collaborative Lodging in Puerto Vallarta
Authors: Huízar Sánchez María de los Angeles , López Ramos Jorge Luis , Francia José Alfonso Baños
Published: March 2020

The collaborative lodging has expanded globally, driven by companies that through digital platforms enlist the properties of individuals to integrate them into the market of tourist accommodation, a situation that has generated wide socio-economic and territorial problems in the main tourist destinations in the world. This chapter analyzes who receives the benefits of the collaborative lodging, as well as the negative impacts it generates in Puerto Vallarta, through an analysis of the behavior of the offer, as well as in-depth interviews with hosts registered in the Airbnb platform.
Building a Diversified and Sustainable Economy in Kazakhstan
Authors: Colapinto Cinzia
Published: March 2020

Due to globalization, entrepreneurship has become fundamental for the competitiveness of countries, and as shown by the Triple Helix Framework enterprises, universities and governments must create synergies to their mutual advantage. In Kazakhstan, a Post-Soviet transition economy, gross domestic product has doubled over the past decade thanks to the extractive and heavy industries and on an intensive use of electricity produced from coal. The authors present a goal programming model for environmental policy analysis involving criteria such as economic development, electricity consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the total number of employees to determine the optimal labour allocation across different economic sectors. The purpose is to provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations to decision makers in developing the optimal strategy able to simultaneously satisfy energy demand, decrease GHG emissions, increase economic growth, and foster labour development by 2050. The analysis will allow to compare Kazakhstan with similar economies.
Corruption and Anti-Corruption Reform in Central Asia
Authors: Windsor Duane
Published: March 2020

This chapter surveys information available in English from public sources concerning levels and composition of corruption in the five countries of Central Asia. Similarly, the chapter examines relevant information available in English from public sources concerning anti-corruption reform efforts in Central Asia. Focus is on the relationship between corruption and reform and economic, educational, and touristic development in the five countries. There is consideration of possible links to foreign direct investment and operations by multinational corporations. There is some comparison to neighboring countries. The chapter proceeds in the following phases. The first step is to assemble available information and studies concerning corruption and anti-corruption conditions in the five countries. The second step is to assess the determinants and consequences of both corruption and anti-corruption reform. The third step is to place information and assessment into regional context. The chapter provides a conceptual framework for interpreting detailed country information.
Social Conduct
Authors: Ahuja Daman , Kalpana B. , Chhabra Susheel
Published: March 2020

A descriptive cross-sectional study of children between 7-14 years was conducted in Delhi, India. Child labour and school-going children (n=1000) of the same socioeconomic background were selected to know the impact of child labour on the behavior patterns of the children. The convenience sampling technique was adopted across Delhi slums to select the children. Children were subjected to strength and difficult questionnaire (SDQ). Results indicated that total difficulty is more prevalent in child labor (45.2%) as compared to school-going children (36%). Social conduct problem is the most prevalent behavioral problem (43.2%) found in child labor. The association between working status and higher conduct problems were found to be statistically significant. A strong positive association was found between working status and difficulty score.
Bahrain Government Information Security Framework
Authors: Mothanna Yusuf Mohammed , Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif , Delaim Talal Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Information technology is perceived as an important enabler for government entities to accomplish their goals. The proliferation of electronic government services that can provide value for citizens and residents have pushed governments all over the world to adopt and deploy these services. However, governments have realized that it is critical to build proper defense to protect the information. Implementing information security by using international or national information security frameworks helps organizations to ensure the safeguard of information assets. This chapter reviews useful information security frameworks. Also, this chapter provides a proposed information security framework implemented in the Government of Bahrain, which is called CyberTrust Program. This framework was developed based on best practices and local resources and culture.
Critical Cybersecurity Threats
Authors: Al-Alawi Adel Ismail , Al-Bassam Sara Abdulrahman , Mehrotra Arpita A.
Published: March 2020

One common reason for cybercrime is the goal of damaging a business by hacking or destroying important information. Another such reason is the criminal's goal of gaining financially from the hack. This chapter analyzes Bahraini organizations' vulnerability to digital security threats. It has used qualitative research to analyze industry performance. Moreover, with the support of secondary research, it has also explored cybersecurity threats faced by such organizations. The discussion based on secondary data analysis has explored two major aspects of Bahraini organizations and the cybersecurity threats they face. Firstly, the data and finances of both sectors are at huge risk in Bahraini organizations. Secondly, one important aspect of exploration has been to identify the most frequently encountered forms of cybercrime. Its analysis reveals that the kind of cybersecurity threat that a business is most likely to face is cyberwarfare. This may affect two rival businesses while they are competing with each other. Competitors' data may be destroyed or hacked—leading to long-term losses.
Fluid Matters
Authors: Aida Aletheia
Published: March 2020

Water interactions with building materials are addressed for major material groups including natural materials, non-technical ceramics, technical ceramics, metals, polymers, elastomers, and foams. Water quantities and qualities are identified across the life-cycle stages of building materials from sourcing and extraction, manufacturing, construction installation, operation and maintenance, and recyclability. With background information on the water cycle and physiochemistry properties, chemical interactions of building materials are highlighted to demonstrate the range of environmental impacts that building materials have upon water resources. Water consumption metrics are also correlated to the energy footprints of building material production and manufacturing processes. Various water impact calculation methods are referenced, and an overall assessment theorem is introduced for calculating the embodied water footprint of building materials. Example sum totals are indicated for each major material group in a comparative sourcing-to-operation framework.
Cost Issues in Digitalization and Preservation
Authors: Chung Ada Chi Wai
Published: March 2020

For many projects, resources are always limited. Hence, there is often a need to allocate resources in a most cost-effective manner. There are some cost models developed as guidelines on how to estimate the costs of digitalization and preservation of information in a comparatively more accurate way. By knowing the factors which affecting those costs, it will be easier to find a cost-effective strategy for digital preservation. Among different migration strategies proposed by researchers, in this article the migration in the framework of Open Archival Information System (OAIS) will be studied. This is applied to the case of this small-scale music library, Melos Music Library in El Parnaso Centre in Uruguay.
Institutional, Legal, and Attitudinal Barriers to the Accessibility of University Digital Libraries
Authors: Oswal Sushil K.
Published: March 2020

This chapter takes a look at the impact of accessibility barriers to today's digital libraries on disabled students' ability to succeed and considers the wider institutional implications of such barriers in light of disability laws in the United States. It analyzes the implications of these barriers from the broader institutional policy perspective in improving the access to higher education for users with print disabilities. The author concludes by reiterating that achieving technical accessibility through adherence to industry or legal standards alone is not adequate for making usable research and teaching libraries available to students and scholars with print disabilities. The author also emphasizes that engaging actual disabled users both in the design and development stages of the platforms, user interfaces, and content presentation schemas for these knowledge repositories is of utmost importance.
Usability of Digital Resources
Authors: Upev Michael Terver , Beetseh Kwaghga , Idachaba Joy Asibi
Published: March 2020

The chapter basically examined usability of digital library resources in Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria. The population for the study comprised of the entire library staff of the Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library University of Agriculture Makurdi. Sample for the study was 118 respondents drew from population of the library staff. Data was collected using structured question. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics; precisely arithmetic mean. Findings revealed that there are different types of library resources digitized in Francis Sulemanu Idachaba library. There are also criteria used for the selection of digitized library resources while there are challenges associated with the process of digitization of library resources of Francis Sulemanu Idachaba Library of University of Agriculture Makurdi. The chapter concluded that latest advancement in the field of information technology have compelled libraries to embrace automation because the facilities provided by automated libraries go far beyond the activities of traditional libraries. It was recommended that the library management should provide effective solution to the problems faced in the digitization unit by purchasing more equipment for the services such as digital camera, Photoshop software, a standby generating set, standardization on the supplied paper size and CD-ROMs, upgrading of the systems in other to meet the needs of modern day's technologies.
Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries and Copyright Challenges
Authors: Chemulwo Monicah Jemeli
Published: March 2020

Digital technology gives libraries an excellent opportunity to improve their services. It also provides new ways of preserving and disseminating library collections. But the different stages of digitization of the materials in libraries involve many copyright issues. This leads to myriad legal and practical challenges such as locating the owner of copyright. Librarians need to take note of these problems and explore possible solutions. The chapter explores types of intellectual property and their characteristics, legal challenges for digital libraries, legislative responses to the challenges, copyright and fair use, digital library and copyright as well as copyright challenges and recommendations.
Impact of Discovery Layers on Accessing E-Resources in Academic Libraries
Authors: Yuvaraj Mayank
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses the implementation of the ‘CUB E-journal One Search' tool as an alternative solution to commercial discovery services, which was designed using Google Custom Search by the Central Library, Central University of Bihar and its impact on the library users. A descriptive survey method was used for the study. The present study found that library users found CUB E-journal One Search as a useful tool to get their desired information out of 9000 subscribed e-resources in the university. Most of the users used CUB E-journal One Search frequently in order to find relevant articles, write their assignments and research articles. The study indicated that the library users were influenced by Google like single search boxes and wished to have same features. Further, users expected features like document recommendation, search filters, RSS and on-screen help from the discovery tool. The paper is a first attempt to study the impact of open source discovery tools on the library users. It will further give confidence to the librarians in developing countries to deploy open source search solutions using Google Custom Search in the libraries.
Commercial and Open Access Integrated Information Search Tools in Indian Libraries
Authors: Dhamdhere Sangeeta N. , Lihitkar Ramdas
Published: March 2020

A library portal is single-user interface for accessing a wide variety of electronic resources, both within and outside the library. A few federated search engines like EBSCO Discovery service, Summon (web scale discovery service), Knimbus, Mendeley, FedGate, ABCD open source software, Google CSE etc. are being used by libraries to give access to all subscribed or free online e-resources as well as library catalogues, archives' and other reading materials in the library to save the time of readers and give easy access to multiple databases and resources through federated search tool. In distance learning and online education environment libraries need to provide the right information on a single platform to its users from all resources or databases available in the library in a minimum of time. In this chapter the author discusses about the selected commercial as well as open source discovery tools used in Indian Libraries.
Software Testing
Authors: Kaplesh Pooja , Pang Severin K. Y.
Published: March 2020

Testing software is a process of program execution with the intent to find errors. For this purpose, various testing techniques have been used over time. Testing software is an intensive field of research in which much development work has been done. This field will become increasingly important in the future. There are many techniques for software testing. This chapter gives an overview of the entire range of software testing with suggestions for their implementation. One focus is on testing in an agile development process why the different types of software tests are important, and their cycle and methodology are described. In addition, different levels, types, and a comparative study on different types of tests are presented. The chapter also includes suggestions for performing the various tests and an effective approach to testing a software system.
Framework for Reusable Test Case Generation in Software Systems Testing
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: March 2020

Agile methodologies have become the preferred choice for modern software development. These methods focus on iterative and incremental development, where both requirements and solutions develop through collaboration among cross-functional software development teams. The success of a software system is based on the quality result of each stage of development with proper test practice. A software test ontology should represent the required software test knowledge in the context of the software tester. Reusing test cases is an effective way to improve the testing of software. The workload of a software tester for test-case generation can be improved, previous software testing experience can be shared, and test efficiency can be increased by automating software testing. In this chapter, the authors introduce a software testing framework (STF) that uses rule-based reasoning (RBR), case-based reasoning (CBR), and ontology-based semantic similarity assessment to retrieve the test cases from the case library. Finally, experimental results are used to illustrate some of the features of the framework.
A Study to Further Understand the Link Between Immersion and Flow
Authors: Kannegieser Ehm , Atorf Daniel
Published: March 2020

Flow and immersion are states of extreme concentration on an activity. For serious games, that is games, which focus on achieving learning effects in players, high flow and immersion during gameplay can help to improve these learning effects. Both flow and immersion are currently only measured using questionnaires, which is both delayed and subjective. This work introduces a study, which aims to further the understanding of how flow and immersion are linked and to ease future work towards a new measurement method using physiological data.
Visualization and Minima Finding of Multidimensional Hypersurface
Authors: Popov Eugene Vladimirovich , Batiukov Anatoliy Aleksandrovich , Vogt Natalja , Popova Tatyana Petrovna , Vogt Jürgen
Published: March 2020

Analysis of multidimensional function properties is required for industrial applications. The solution of its problems is a challenge in economics, sociology, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and other sciences. For example, the study of the potential energy surface (PES) of a free molecule is of fundamental importance in structural chemistry because it is necessary to determine the stable conformations of a molecule and the ways of interconversion between them. However, if the PES is a function of more than three rotational coordinates, the costs of its quantum-chemical calculation rapidly increases and the problem of its graphical visualization can be hardly solved for a large number of variables. This work describes how a specially developed multidimensional interpolation procedure can contribute to solve these problems. To visualize a five dimensional (5D) hypersurface, the authors applied a special coordinate system.
Traditional knowledge and perception of birds in the Parnaíba Delta environmental protection area, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Francisco das Chagas Vieira , Souto Wedson Medeiros Silva , Ribeiro Arthur Serejo Neves , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de , Guzzi Anderson
Published: March 2020

Local inhabitants retain a vast knowledge about the bird richness surrounding them, as well as many of their ethological and ecological aspects, and can identify the importance of those birds to the maintenance of ecosystem integrity. The present study sought to document the traditional knowledge retained by members of the Labino community concerning the avifauna of the Delta do Rio Parnaíba Environmental Protection Area (APA), Piauí State, Brazil. We interviewed 76 male (51% of the sample) and 74 female (49%) residents. The interviewees indicated the occurrence of 97 bird species belonging to 21 orders and 40 families. Men could identify more bird species than women. Older individuals recognize more bird species than younger members of the community. Individuals with less schooling demonstrated greater knowledge of species richness than those with more formal educations. A very significant percentage (45%, n = 68) of the interviewees reported consuming native birds, principally Aramides cajaneus, Columbina squammata, and Zenaida auriculata. A total of 48 species were perceived as having their populations reduced in recent years, principally Mimus gilvus, Icterus jamacaii, Aramides cajaneus, Turdus rufiventris, and Cacicus cela. The residents of the Labino community were therefore found to have a detailed knowledge of the local avifauna and perceived impacts caused mainly by hunting in the Parnaiba River Delta region.
Use of Friction Extrusion to Fabricate Magnesium Alloy Wires with Rare Earths from Machined Chips
Authors: Lakshminarayanan A.K. , Jayakumar K.S.
Published: March 2020

Magnesium alloy wires with rare earth elements were fabricated using friction extrusion by varying tool rotational speed in the range of 400 to 1200 rpm. Microstructure of wires fabricated usin 800 rpm consists finer equiaxed mg grains with finer precipitates homogeneously distributed along the grain boundaries. The strength of the wires fabricated under optimum parametes exhited a strength of 304 MPa which is 45 % higher than the tensile strength of as-cast material. Improper processing conditions results in undesirable microstrucutre and loss of strength values.-
Fabrication and Numerical Analysis of Friction Stir Back Extruded Lightweight Magnesium Alloy Heat Pipes
Authors: Ramesh Srivasupradha , Lakshminarayanan A.K. , Raghavan Yogesha , Harathi Yashaswin
Published: March 2020

Heat pipes are used for a variety of cooling applications and the major users are the aerospace and electronics industries. The ideal requirement for efficient heat pipes is that they be as light as possible while still maintaining a very good thermal conductivity. In this research work, Magnesium alloy ZE41 was tested as a competent material for the manufacturing of heat pipes. The Magnesium alloy heat pipes with improved grain structure, homogeneous distribution of rare earth elements, better strength were manufactured by Friction Stir Back Extrusion (FSBE). The heat pipes were tested for compatibility with varying mixtures of working fluids namely Acetone and Ethanol by performing Immersion corrosion test. The thermal efficiency of the heat pipes was also determined from simulations by employing suitable properties of the working fluids and the component.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide Particulates in Al/SiC/MoS2
Authors: Ajith Arul Daniel S. , Dhanasekeran C. , Sivaganesan S. , Sridhar R.
Published: March 2020

The present study aims to optimize the mechanical properties of Al5059/SiC/MoS2 hybrid composites. The hybrid metal matrix composites has been fabricated through stir casting by reinforcing different size of SiC (10,20&40 µm) with aluminium at different weight fractions (5 %,10% &15%) meanwhile the addition of Molybdenum di sulphide (MoS2) is fixed at 2% which enhances the self lubrication properties. The basic mechanical properties were investigated and the composite with minimum particle size shows high mechanical strength
The impact of different time limits and test versions on reliability in South Africa
Authors: Arendse Danille E.
Published: March 2020

The empirically developed English comprehension test (ECT) was created for organisational and educational purposes to assess verbal reasoning. The initial version of the ECT had an associated time limit of 45 min, which required individuals to complete it within the specified time, while the later version of the ECT had no time limit. The ECT’s two test versions – a timed and an untimed version – were piloted as part of the development and validation of the ECT. The purpose of this article was to explore the internal consistency of the two test versions and compare the reliability of the timed and untimed versions of the ECT. This study was conducted to establish whether reliability was affected by the different time limit-related requirements. The sample size for ECT version 1.2 was 597 and ECT version 1.3 comprised 882 individuals. The methods used for comparison in this article involved a graphical display of performance relating to both test versions and an exploration of the times recorded for the untimed test version. A reliability analysis was performed to evaluate the internal consistency of the two test versions. The performance of individuals in the untimed and timed versions of the ECT was similar based on the average minimum and maximum scores. The Cronbach’s alpha indicated that verbal reasoning was measured consistently for the two test versions. This result suggested that time did not negatively affect the reliability of the test.
Application of Low-Cost Fine Particulate Mass Monitors to Convert Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Measurements to Surface Concentrations in North America and Africa
Authors: Malings Carl , Westervelt Daniel , Hauryliuk Aliaksei , Presto Albert A. , Grieshop Andrew , Bittner Ashley , Beekmann Matthias , Subramanian R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Low-cost particulate mass sensors provide opportunities to assess air quality at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Established traditional monitoring networks have limited spatial resolution and are frequently absent in less-developed countries (e.g. in sub-Saharan Africa). Satellites provide snapshots of regional air pollution, but require ground-truthing. Low-cost monitors can supplement and extend data coverage from these sources worldwide, providing a better overall air quality picture. We demonstrate such a multi-source data integration using two case studies. First, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, both traditional monitoring and dense low-cost sensor networks are present, and are compared with satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from NASA's MODIS system. We assess the performance of linear conversion factors for AOD to surface PM2.5 using both networks, and identify relative benefits provided by the denser low-cost sensor network. In particular, with 10 or more ground monitors in the city, there is a two-fold reduction in worst-case surface PM2.5 estimation mean absolute error compared to using only a single ground monitor. Second, in Rwanda, Malawi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, traditional ground-based monitoring is lacking and must be substituted with low-cost sensor data. Here, we assess the ability of regional-scale satellite retrievals and local-scale low-cost sensor measurements to complement each other. In Rwanda, we find that combining local ground monitoring information with satellite data provides a 40 % improvement (in terms of surface PM2.5 estimation accuracy) with respect to using ground monitoring data alone. Overall, we find that combining ground-based low-cost sensor and satellite data can improve and expand spatio-temporal air quality data coverage in both well-monitored and data-sparse regions.
A distributed soil moisture, temperature and infiltrometer dataset for permeable pavements and green spaces
Authors: Schaffitel Axel , Schuetz Tobias , Weiler Markus
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Knowledge of water and energy fluxes is key for urban
planning and design. Nevertheless, hydrological data from urban environments
are sparse, and, as a result, many processes are still poorly understood and
thus inadequately represented within models. We contribute to reducing this
shortfall by providing a dataset that includes time series of soil
moisture and soil temperature measured underneath 18 different permeable
pavements (PPs) and 4 urban green spaces located within the city of Freiburg
(Germany). Time series were recorded with a high temporal resolution of
10 min using a total of 65 individual soil moisture sensors and covering a
measurement period of 2 years (November 2016–October 2018). The recorded
time series contain valuable information on the soil hydrological behavior
of PPs and demonstrate the effect of surface properties and surrounding
urban structures on soil temperatures. In addition, we performed double-ring
infiltration experiments, which in combination with the soil moisture
measurements yielded soil hydrological parameters for the PPs, including
porosity, field capacity and infiltration capacity. We present this unique
dataset, which is a valuable source of information for studying urban water
and energy cycles. We encourage its usage in various ways, e.g., for model
calibration and validation purposes, study of thermal regimes of cities, and derivation of urban water and energy fluxes. The dataset is freely available from
the FreiDok plus data repository at
https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/151573 and
https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/151573 (Schaffitel et al., 2019).
A comparison between Envisat and ICESat sea ice thickness in the
Antarctic
Authors: Wang Jinfei , Min Chao , Ricker Robert , Yang Qinghua , Shi Qian , Han Bo , Hendricks Stefan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The crucial role that Antarctic sea ice plays in the global climate system is strongly linked to its thickness. While in situ observations are too sparse in the Antarctic to determine long-term trends of the Antarctic sea ice thickness on a global scale, satellite radar altimetry data can be applied with a promising prospect. A newly released Envisat-derived product from the European Space Agency Sea Ice Climate Change Initiative (ESA SICCI), including sea ice freeboard and sea ice thickness, covers the entire Antarctic year-round from 2002 to 2012. In this study, the SICCI Envisat sea ice thickness in the Antarctic is firstly compared with a conceptually new proposed ICESat ice thickness that has been derived from an algorithm employing modified ice density. Both data sets have been validated with the Weddell Sea upward looking sonar measurements (ULS), indicating that ICESat agrees better with field observations. The inter-comparisons are conducted for three seasons except winter based on the ICESat operating periods. According to the results, the deviations between Envisat and ICESat sea ice thickness are different considering different seasons, years and regions. More specifically, the smallest average deviation between Envisat and ICESat sea ice thickness exists in spring by −0.03 m while larger deviations exist in summer and autumn by 0.86 m and 0.62 m, respectively. Although the smallest absolute deviation occurs in spring 2005 by 0.02 m, the largest correlation coefficient appears in autumn 2004 by 0.77. The largest positive deviation occurs in the western Weddell Sea by 1.03 m in summer while the largest negative deviation occurs in the Eastern Antarctic by −0.25 m in spring. Potential reasons for those deviations mainly deduce from the limitations of Envisat radar altimeter affected by the weather conditions and the surface roughness as well as the different retrieval algorithms. The better performance in spring of Envisat has a potential relation with relative humidity.
Making Mathematics Accessible to Non-Mathematics Majors
Authors: Sharkawi Mahmoud
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this workshop is to present alternative strategies of instruction that will make the subjects of mathematics and statistics more accessible to students with non-mathematics backgrounds. It is not surprising that introductory mathematics and statistics courses can seem a little overwhelming and inaccessible to students with non-mathematics backgrounds. As a result, these students tend to feel distanced from the course material, or even discouraged from approaching instructors or teaching assistants (TAs) for help. The audience for this workshop includes graduate student TAs, post-doctoral fellows, instructors, lecturers, and anyone who wants to make mathematics and statistics a more engaging subject for students without the technical background.

The focus of this workshop will be two-fold. First, we will examine how mathematics/statistics instructors can explain concepts to students of different backgrounds effectively via various role-play scenarios. Second, we will use the jigsaw technique to break up complex mathematical problems into pieces with the aim of encouraging collaboration and student engagement (Perkins & Saris, 2001). By attending this workshop, instructors will be able to help undergraduate students see mathematics as a more enjoyable learning experience that they can apply in their own respective fields. These two activities will help students with non-mathematical backgrounds feel more engaged with the material and become more confident when asking for help from an instructor or TA.
A leitura de literatura e o recalque da Internet nos jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Batista Patrícia Cardoso , Lima Sheila Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Na atualidade, a Internet facilitou o acesso aos textos, inclusive os literários. Logo, parece ter impactado significativamente na quantidade de leitura entre os indivíduos. Entretanto, o leitor, mesmo diante de inúmeras possibilidades de leitura, não tem condições de acessar e ler tudo que se lhe apresenta, dado que existem limitações de diversa ordem: temporais, físicas, intelectuais, afetivas etc.. Desse modo, é possível questionar a qualidade dessas leituras, que são selecionadas, dentre tantas outras, obedecendo a múltiplos critérios, mais ou menos racionais. Em vista disso, este estudo enfoca a relação entre a Internet e a leitura entre os estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, pertencentes a duas escolas estaduais do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de cunho qualitativo com base teórica nos estudos de Barthes, Chartier e Manguel.
As Literaturas de Língua Inglesa como Ferramenta para Instigar a Aprendizagem de Inglês no Ensino Médio a partir da Identificação Social e Cultural
Authors: Ferreira Isabel Cristina Rodrigues , Gomes Camila da Silva
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo busca discutir a relevância do texto literário nas aulas de língua inglesa, atentando-se para um trabalho que visa a identificação social e cultural dos aprendizes com a obra. Nesse sentido, o corpus formado pelo poema “The Burglar of Babylon” (1965), da poeta estadunidense Elizabeth Bishop, foi utilizado no estágio supervisionado do curso de licenciatura em Letras Português/Inglês e suas Literaturas, cujo foco se pautou na utilização das literaturas de língua inglesa. Os objetivos que permeiam o artigo são os de despertar o interesse pela leitura literária de textos provindos de países e culturas anglófonas; promover a interação e a identificação cultural/social entre o texto e o sujeito; instigar o desejo do aluno acerca das literaturas de língua inglesa e, possivelmente, gerar interesse pela aprendizagem da língua. A metodologia adotada acompanha as etapas das aulas lecionadas, priorizando uma análise detalhada de todos os momentos. Inicia-se a análise a partir do momento de recepção da obra, seguindo até o momento de produção feita pelos próprios alunos. A pesquisa comprova a relevância de se explorar o texto literário em língua inglesa como ferramenta que fomenta o interesse dos aprendizes, aliando o interesse pela leitura literária e pela língua cuja obra foi escrita.
Hybrid intransitives in Basque
Authors: Pineda Anna , Berro Ane
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with a group of agentive verbs in Eastern dialects of Basque that show mixed unergative and unaccusative properties. Although they pattern with unergatives in certain aspects, they combine with an absolutive subject and the auxiliary ‘be’, contrary to what one would expect for Basque unergative verbs. Additionally, they behave like unaccusatives in a number of other tests, such as in their inability to take cognate objects and in allowing partitive subjects. The analysis put forward in this paper accounts for the hybrid nature of these verbs. In particular, we claim that their subject is introduced in the specifier of vP, and that it is co-indexed with a thematic but non-pronounced argument of Voice. As a consequence, the subject shows both external and internal properties. This paper thus challenges the mutually exclusive external/internal division of the subject in intransitive verbs and argues that intransitive verbs can be classified into more groups than just two, as also argued elsewhere. Additionally, it argues that the different types of intransitive verbs are grammatically encoded and shaped by different versions of Voice and v. Thus, this analysis assumes the typology of Voice proposed by Schäfer (2008) and developed by Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou and Schäfer (2015), and extends it to the functional head v.
Importancia de Matemática Financiera para los estudiantes de las carreras Económicas y Administrativas
Authors: Zeledón Zeledón Orlando
Published: March 2020

Mediante la elaboración de este ensayo se aprecia la importancia que tiene la asignatura de Matemática Financiera para los estudiantes que cursan las diferentes carreras del Departamento de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la UNAN-Managua, FAREM- Estelí. La asignatura en mención, permite al estudiantado adquirir mayores conocimientos y aprendizajes, así como el dominio de competencias académicas que forman parte de las funciones sustantivas en la formación superior que exige esta Universidad para el futuro profesional. El análisis de los contenidos de esta disciplina, constituye para los alumnos, comprender qué son las operaciones financieras, en el sentido de plantear y ejecutar cálculos numéricos, así como la resolución de ejercicios y casos orientados al mercado financiero, además, la toma de decisiones financieras, económicas y administrativas. De igual manera, los contenidos que se desarrollan sirven de base para fortalecer otras asignaturas para alcanzar mejores aprendizajes, así como la creación de competencias una vez que el egresado esté ejerciendo su profesión en el campo laboral.
The rights of children with disabilities in Poland
Authors: Nowak Anna
Published: March 2020

The article draws attention to the legal situation (regarding legal capacity as well as determining the disability status of a child up to 16 years of age, and the degree of disability in children aged 16–18) as well as the social situation of children with disabilities. The most important international legal acts, from the perspective of the rights of children with disabilities, were overviewed. These acts recognize children with disabilities as a special risk group, persons who encounter many barriers in their functioning, who are marginalized and threatened with exclusion. The most important goal set out in the human rights and children's rights acts, regarding children with disabilities, is to involve them in social life/participation, and to care for their best interests and wellbeing in accordance with the principles of individualization, non-discrimination and equal opportunities. Children with disabilities should be treated as subjects of upbringing, care and educational activities, their rights should be recognized, their dignity and individuality should be respected, and they should have a possibility of using a responsible representative, who cares for their best interests, i.e. a parent or guardian. The Polish legislation on the rights of children with disabilities, including the right to education of these children, have been enumerated. Selected issues concerning the education of children with disabilities have been analysed. The article lists the actions that the Ombudsman for Children took in 2017 to protect the rights of children with disabilities, in particular their right to life and health protection, the right to being raised in a family, the right to decent social conditions, the right to education, and the right to protection against violence, cruelty, exploitation, demoralization, neglect and other ill-treatment. The tasks of the Government Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment and the Ombudsman concerning the protection of the rights of children with disabilities have been presented.
Posttraumatic growth as a factor of psychological well-being of parents of children with autism
Authors: Buchholz Aleksandra , Wolan-Nowakowska Mariola
Published: March 2020

Contemporary research trends in area of social support of people jeopardised or afflicted by a trauma are focused on analysis of salutogenic model. It describes resources, strengths and potential of individuals, which enables them to overcome (oppose) the consequences of encountered crisis. The article presents phenomenon of posttraumatic growth of parents of children, who suffer from autism. Preventive strategies, which are adopted by such parents, are indicated by the authors. It occurs that however demanding disability of a child can be for the family, it might also be the source of emotional and spiritual changes in personality of parents. Such predicament can lead to improvement in quality of life.
Die Qualifikation des englischen Trusts im deutschen internationalen Privatrecht
Authors: Merkel Gerrit
Published: March 2020

This book explores the classification of the English trust in German private international law, with particular emphasis on the equitable interest of the cestui que trust. Although the classification of trusts in German private international law has been the subject of a great deal of case law and academic writing, so far no comprehensive work on the classification of all the most important categories of trust, i.e. express, resulting und constructive trusts, has existed. However, since all trusts share a common set of fundamental principles, the correct classification of trusts requires that these principles, as well as the specific characteristics of the different categories of trust, are likewise taken into account. To this end, the author examines the history, fundamental principles and juristic nature of express, resulting und constructive trusts and develops a uniform classification of the English trust as an institute in personam.
Mídia e diversidade na escola: formação cidadã e os multiletramentos
Authors: Cavalcanti Larissa De Pinho
Published: March 2020

Não se deve atribuir às mídias culpa ou responsabilidade sobre a perpetuação de comportamentos sociais discriminatórios ou preconceituosos ainda que seja possível afirmar que as mesmas podem reproduzir, via discursos, ideologias que subjazem tais práticas. Em outro contexto, os diferentes documentos orientadores da educação brasileira que atribuem à escola o dever da formação cidadã, da leitura crítica e reflexiva da realidade, dos grupos sociais e suas práticas, não encontram respaldo no cotidiano das próprias instituições. Nesse artigo, com respaldo teórico nas DCNs (2010), PCNs (1997), OCEM (2006), Cope e Kalantzis (2006), Rojo (2012) e Oliveira e Mariotto (2010), unimos essas duas realidades para discutir como a escola deve trabalhar os discursos veiculados na mídia, em particular aquelas que fazem parte da realidade de consumo dos jovens na escola hoje. Para isso, investigamos o que se entende por formação cidadã e a relação que ensaiam com os conteúdos escolares nos documentos oficiais da educação brasileira, discorremos sobre o valor da pedagogia dos multiletramentos e defendemos a necessidade de se abordar conjuntamente as multiplicidades semióticas e a diversidade social para desconstruir discursos e práticas sociais.