bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Base Defense Doctrine, War Plan Orange, and Preparation at Midway: Were the Marines Ready?
Authors: Fogle Joshua
Published: May 2022

Many of the books written about Midway focus on the battle itself, specifically the naval battle between the US and Japanese fleets. Most of the emphasis is placed on understanding and critiquing the decision-making of the leaders of the US and Japanese fleets and aircraft carriers. Aside from discussing the contributions of the air forces flying from Midway itself, many overlook the preparedness and contributions of the Marine defenders stationed there. Other than the occasional shelling by Japanese naval vessels, Midway was only ever attacked a single time on the morning of 4 June 1942 and never faced the invasion force the Japanese sent to take the atoll. The lack of information on the actual defenders on Midway has left unanswered the question of how prepared the Marine forces were to defend Midway from the Japanese. War Plan Orange and US leadership placed significant importance on Midway and directed the Marines to defend it. Advanced Base Defense doctrine of the time had seen significant development in the interwar years and was used when the Marines fashioned the defense of Midway. This article will examine the development of Midway as a base and the doctrine for the defense of advanced bases in effort to determine if the Marines were properly prepared to defend Midway from the Japanese.
Novel Approaches for Opaque Reconstituted Parchment
Authors: Bretzendorfer Charlotte , Pataki-Hundt Andrea
Published: May 2022

Novel approaches for reconstituted parchment from solely collagenous material are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of this infill technique are named, existing recipes which exclusively use collagenous material are analysed and modified. In a series of experiments, the possibilities to decrease or replace formaldehyde in existing recipes are explored and physical properties are investigated. As a result, two new recipes for reconstituted parchment are developed: the first one with a decreased amount of formaldehyde, the second one with potassium aluminium sulphate instead of formaldehyde. Their haptic and visual qualities are compared.
The Rule of Law as a Postcolonial Relic: The Narrative of the Polish Right
Authors: Bucholc Marta
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the use of postcolonial framing in the 2019 election agenda ofPrawo i Sprawiedliwość. The main argument is that the framing of contemporary EU-relations as a new colonial dependence is crucial for the understanding of the backsliding on the standards of the democratic rule of law in Poland. A detailed analysis of the 2019 agenda focuses on five selected components of postcolonial framing: (1) creolisation of elites; (2) mimicry; (3) hybridity; (4) subalternity; and (5) voicelessness. The discussion of findings zooms in on the ways in which the postcolonial framing of Poland’s position in the EU is being used to question the EU rule of law standards. Thus, the article makes a direct connection between framing the EU-Poland relations and the reasons offered in domestic politics to undermine the rule of law.
How did welfare attitudes change during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany? An empirical analysis using panel data
Authors: Lohmann Henning , Wang Hequn
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe social and economic consequences. Governments have implemented or expanded a number of policy measures to cope with these consequences. In the paper, we ask whether there is more support for general social policy measures to compensate for the new uncertainties arising from the pandemic. Using survey data collected in two panel waves in March and June/July 2020, we analyse how public welfare attitudes have changed during the first phase of the pandemic in Germany. In addition to the individual-level survey data, we use time-varying regional data on infection and unemployment rates. We provide descriptive results and employ fixed-effects regressions. Our results show small changes in welfare attitudes, but we do not find evidence for increased public support for general social policy measures.
«Teuzo sancte Romane Ecclesie legatus … Teuzo cardinalis» Contribution aux relations de la Papauté et du roi hongrois Ladislas Ier à la fin du XIe siècle∗
Authors: Kiss Gergely
Published: May 2022

The present paper is a short contribution to the relations of the Holy See and Hungary at the end of the Eleventh Century. At this time, a certain Teuzo as legat had several importance on the Hungarian-papal diplomatic relations. The aim od the present paper is to identificate the two Teuzos (Teuzo I., the antipope Clément III’s men and Teuzo II, popes Gregor VII, Urban II and Pascalis II’s legat) related in the contemporary sources.
Construction of Preschool Education Resources under the Internet+ Background
Authors: Pang Zhaojun , Chen Juan
Published: May 2022

In the environment of the increasingly rapid development of science and technology, students’ learning contents and learning methods are becoming more and more diversified. Under the informational learning scope and teaching mode, the Internet+ learning mode is being used by more and more students and teachers. Internet+ education, Internet+ learning resources, Internet+ curriculum, and other learning modes are presented to students and teachers. Information-based learning and teaching are the needs of the time and the inevitable development of society. Therefore, teachers and students should use Internet+ learning tools reasonably to improve learning efficiency. This paper investigates three aspects—teachers, the design of teaching resources, and the use of Internet+ resources—and uses a case study method to investigate several preschools in a certain region. Finally, it was concluded that the Internet+ teaching mode is quite popular nowadays and the percentage of its application in various preschools is quite high. The proportion of young teachers using the Internet is high, and the Internet teaching mode has penetrated all aspects of teaching. However, the proportion of middle-aged and older teachers using Internet tools is relatively small, so the extent and scope of their use should be greatly enhanced. The research in this paper shows that the Internet+ approach to learning and teaching can greatly enhance the discovery and summarization of teacher resources and help teachers design better learning resources. At the same time, it can help students learn better.
Increased systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Westgate Connar S J , Markey Keira , Mitchell James L , Yiangou Andreas , Singhal Rishi , Stewart Paul , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Lavery Gareth G , Mollan Susan P , Sinclair Alexandra J
Published: May 2022

Context

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown etiology. Reductions in glucocorticoid metabolism are associated with improvements in IIH disease activity. The basal IIH glucocorticoid metabolism is yet to be assessed.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the basal glucocorticoid phenotype in IIH and assess the effects of weight loss on the IIH glucocorticoid phenotype.

Design

A retrospective case–control study and a separate exploratory analysis of a prospective randomized intervention study were carried out.

Methods

The case–control study compared female IIH patients to BMI, age, and sex-matched controls. In the randomized intervention study, different IIH patients were randomized to either a community weight management intervention or bariatric surgery, with patients assessed at baseline and 12 months. Glucocorticoid levels were determined utilizing 24-h urinary steroid profiles alongside the measurement of adipose tissue 11β-HSD1 activity.

Results

Compared to control subjects, patients with active IIH had increased systemic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase activity. The intervention study demonstrated that weight loss following bariatric surgery reduced systemic 11β-HSD1 and 5α-reductase activity. Reductions in these were associated with reduced ICP. Subcutaneous adipose tissue explants demonstrated elevated 11β-HSD1 activity compared to samples from matched controls.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that in IIH, there is a phenotype of elevated systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in excess to that mediated by obesity. Bariatric surgery to induce weight loss was associated with reductions in 11β-HSD1 activity and decreased ICP. These data reflect new insights into the IIH phenotype and further point toward metabolic dysregulation as a feature of IIH.
El efecto del coronavirus (COVID-19) sobre las empresas del Valle del Cauca.
Authors: Mora Rodriguez Jhon James , Arroyo Jose Santiago , Álvarez Juan Fernando
Published: May 2022

La crisis sanitaria provocada por la propagación del coronavirus, causante del COVID-19, ha provocado el cierre de muchas empresas. Por ello, utilizando datos para las empresas vallecaucanas, este artículo analiza los determinantes de la sus­pensión de las actividades productivas a raíz del COVID-19. Mediante la estimación de un modelo probit y de supervivencia, nuestros resultados revelan la fragilidad de las empresas de menor tamaño y edad para hacer frente a shocks adversos e inespera­dos; mientas que los intangibles (ingresos represados) reducen significativamente la probabilidad de salida de la empresa, durante la fase inicial de la crisis. Finalmente, se sugiere la necesidad de diseñar mecanismos de atención priorizada para el finan­ciamiento de las empresas y auxilios focalizados.
Efecto contagio del mercado estadounidense a los mercados financieros latinoamericanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Authors: Muñoz-Henríquez Erik M. , Gálvez-Gamboa Francisco A.
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza el efecto contagio de los mercados latinoamericanos y Estados Unidos durante la pandemia por COVID-19, utilizando el modelo DCC-GARCH. El principal hallazgo es la existencia de un efecto contagio, estadísticamente sig­nificativo, durante el periodo de crisis entre EE.UU. y los mercados de Chile, Perú, Colombia, México y Brasil. Ello implica que estos mercados se encontra­ron expuestos a choques externos en la pandemia por COVID-19. Particularmente, México y Brasil presentan un mayor vínculo con el mercado estadounidense. Ade­más, la volatilidad del mercado de EE. UU. tiene un efecto significativo en las correlaciones condicionales de los mercados latinoamericanos.
Forage quality in a neotropical savanna based on different types of fertilization
Authors: Ramirez Iglesias Elizabeth del Carmen , Lozano-Pérez Zenaida , Hernández-Hernández Rosa Mary , Ramírez-Iglesias José Rubén
Published: May 2022

The application of different sources of nutrients to the soil with varying degrees of solubility, as well as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, can generate different responses in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fertilization options on the quality of forage in the conservation-based agroecosystems of neotropical savannas. Both perennial species Brachiaria dictyoneura and the legume Centrosema macrocarpum are associated with corn cultivation. Four fertilization treatments were evaluated within each cover crop, applying 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of K2O, and varying the source of phosphorus, being the treatments distributed as follows: i) phosphoric rock, high dose of phosphorus (100% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock), ii) diammonium phosphate, high dose of P (50% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and 50% as diammonium phosphate), iii) biological fertilization, low dose of P (25% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and inoculation with biofertilizer based on native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, and Glomus), and finally, iv) the unfertilized treatment. The results show that under direct sowing and the use of biological fertilization sources using phosphoric rock as a source of P, similar and even higher levels of raw protein can be reached than when using fertilization with soluble sources such as the diammonium phosphate, which induce greater sustainability of the cover biomass, being an alternative in the management of this types of agroecosystems.
Influence of fertilization on the crop rotation productivity and the balance of essential nutrients in the soil
Authors: Hospodarenko Hrygorii , Liubych Vitalii , Oliinyk Olena , Polianetska Iryna , Silifonov Taras
Published: May 2022

The article shows the influence of different rates and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the balance of essential nutrients in the four-field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, and soybean) during eight years in the context of incorporation into the soil or removal of a non-commercial part of the yield of the field. The stationary field experiment was performed on the black podzolized heavy loamy soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The experiment scheme included 11 variants of combinations and separate applications of mineral fertilizers as well as control variants without fertilization. It has been established that in the annual removal of nutrients together with grain harvest nitrogen makes up the biggest share (64.4–149.9 kg hа-1), then phosphorus – 21.1–51.4 kg hа-1 depending on the fertilizing in the crop rotation. The variant of the experiment N110P60K40 provides the optimal intensity of the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (103, 122, and 111%, respectively) when a non- marketable part of the yield is left for fertilizing in the field. When this part of the yield is removed from the field there is a deficit balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with the intensity (76, 76, 61%, respectively) even in the variant with the annual average application of N110P60K80. The use of non-marketable agricultural products in crop rotation for fertilization and the average annual application of N110P30–60K40–80 allows compensation for the losses of nitrogen 24%, phosphorus 33%, and potassium 71%
The Military Economy of the Ural in the Research of Professor Vladimir Vasilyevich Zapariy
Authors: Filatov Vladimir V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In 2022 the 70th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of History, Professor Vladimir Vasilyevich Zapariy will be celebrated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the activities of this scientist in the study of the economy of the Ural region during the Great Patriotic War. Research Methods. In the course of the study general scientific methods are used, as well as mainly the biographical method. This allowed us to reveal the multifaceted talent of V. V. Zapariy in creating a holistic view of the contribution of the military economy of the Urals to the victory over Nazi Germany. Results. The article is devoted to the scientific activity of V. V. Zapariy, professor of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin. His scientific works on the history of the economy of the Urals during the war years are analyzed. Conclusion. Professor V. V. Zapariy’s significant contribution to the study of the history of the Ural economy during the Patriotic War is undeniable. The conducted research shows that the high professionalism and talent of the scientist allowed to enrich the national historiography with publications of great practical importance. V. V. Zapariy was awarded the medal of the Order “For Services to the Fatherland”, awarded the title “Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation”.
La noción de “puerto” en la obra pictórica de Max Jiménez Huete
Authors: Calvo Díaz Andrea
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la noción de “puerto” en la obra pictórica del artista costarricense Max Jiménez Huete (1900-1947) desde una perspectiva semiótica y cultural. Es fundamental señalar que la propuesta visual del artífice se caracteriza por retomar la figura del afrodescendiente, al mismo tiempo, promueve un discurso de ruptura con el arte hegemónico costarricense. Dicha disrupción fomenta la representatividad de otras voces y otros paisajes, además de simbolizar el puerto como un espacio de intercambio cultural y festividad carnavalesca.
Del yo al nosotros: competencias interculturales y aprendizaje servicio como herramientas educativas para promover la diversidad cultural
Authors: Mejía Murga Manuel
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo analiza los vasos comunicantes entre el concepto de diversidad, la construcción de la identidad personal y el reconocimiento social. Además, discute las implicaciones y fronteras entre diversidad cultural y desigualdad social, así como los potenciales riesgos de indiferencia y exclusión hacia las personas en situación de pobreza al simplemente entender su situación como estilos de vida diferentes. Finalmente, a través de un caso de estudio, se ejemplifica la manera en la que las competencias interculturales se pueden desarrollar en proyectos escolares a través de la metodología pedagógica del aprendizaje-servicio, al considerarla como una herramienta educativa para la promoción de la diversidad.
Competencia Intercultural: andamiaje para la excelencia profesional
Authors: Pierre Murray Kattia
Published: May 2022

El siglo XXI requiere de profesionales con competencias interculturales que puedan desempeñarse de forma eficiente y eficaz, en un entorno cada vez más interconectado por las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y los procesos de globalización. La internacionalización ha sido una de las estrategias más utilizadas por las instituciones de educación superior, con el propósito de promover el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades interculturales en la población estudiantil y docente. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las acciones y políticas implementadas en la Universidad de Costa Rica con el objetivo de promover la excelencia académica a través de la internacionalización.Si bien, estas competencias se encuentran integradas de forma tácita en muchos de los planes de estudio de la Universidad de Costa Rica. En el contexto actual resulta necesario examinar y reflexionar cómo que se plasman en las políticas y planes de estudio de la institución.
Relevancia de la formación universitaria posgrado para el sector farmacéutico en una época de grandes desafíos
Authors: Porras Navarro Marta Eugenia , Fallas Garro Ana Lucía
Published: May 2022

Las autoras ofrecen en este artículo una síntesis y reflexión sobre divulgaciones científicas de la transcendencia de la formación continua y de posgrado, y exponen los desafíos actuales del sector farmacéutico y, finalmente, investigaciones relacionadas con la formación relevante para el farmacéutico. En esta investigación se reflejan las necesidades de aprendizaje percibidas por el gremio farmacéutico y sus empleadores, en conjunto con los beneficios y motivaciones de seguirse formando. Por consiguiente, esta investigación permite proporcionar información científica para el desarrollo de propuestas actuales de formación, fundamentadas en las necesidades de educación posgrado del farmacéutico, según profesionales y empleadores. Sobre todo, se concluye que el sistema de educación superior, las universidades, y los empleadores son fundamentales para la obtención de un proyecto de formación acorde a las necesidades de cada país. Asimismo, cabe destacar que la formación posgrado es un pilar para el logro de políticas de salud más equitativas, en una época llena de desafíos para el sector farmacéutico, en donde el aporte significativo y ético del farmacéutico forme parte del desarrollo de medicamentos y vacunas que permitan a los gobiernos y a las organizaciones internacionales la distribución justa de estos a toda la población.
Las normativas en las aulas de enlace en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid
Authors: Rosales Zamudio Kendi Lina
Published: May 2022

En las últimas dos décadas se presenta en los estudiantes inmigrantes en España un incremento de la población con características diferentes y contextos históricos sociales diversos en edad escolar. Una característica singular de estos alumnos es que no son hispanohablantes, su lengua materna no es el idioma español, se comunican en otros idiomas. Estas realidades sociales tienen más visibilidad en las grandes ciudades y específicamente en la capital. En Madrid, según los datos estadísticos de la Consejería Nacional de Educación, en los últimos años se han incorporado más de ciento setenta nacionalidades, con diversas culturas, lenguas, ideologías, religiones y costumbres. En este sentido, el artículo tiene por finalidad presentar y analizar la legislación y las normativas que regulan las aulas de enlace y determinar si las propuestas de las normativas contribuyen a la integración académica y social de los estudiantes inmigrantes en Madrid
Project-Based Learning: boosting 21st century skills
Authors: Fallas Gabuardi Viviana María
Published: May 2022

Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a method that allows students to learn through the development of different authentic tasks that result in projects by working collaboratively. Therefore, this paper first describes what PBL is, its main characteristics, and the benefits of implementing it as a way to improve 21st century skills such as collaborative work, student agency, problem solving, critical thinking, and different life skills in oral communication courses. Second, it provides a variety of ideas on how to implement it in the classroom. When this methodology is implemented, students show a greater understanding of the topics that are part of their courses and become more engaged, autonomous, and empowered. That is why PBL is highly recommended to help students learn by doing and hence build knowledge in an authentic way.
Biopedagogía, herramienta de estrategias hacia la inclusión de personas dentro del sistema educativo
Authors: Brenes Montero Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

La educación desde su raíz inicial de formación “para todos”, tiene la deuda de facilitar una relación pedagógica atada de los métodos cognitivos propios del educando, quien usa procesos vitales de su corporeidad entera, entendiendo que todo aprendizaje es un conjunto de procesos corporales. Deuda y responsabilidad compartida por todos los actores del proceso educativo; abrigados desde las instituciones educativas con sus visiones, misiones y políticas para propiciar procesos vitales para el aprendizaje, porque de lo contrario sería la misma institución la que frena, impide e incluso hace retroceder procesos de aprendizaje relativos a la capacidad adaptativa de los seres humanos a sus contextos vitales. El objetivo de este apartado es presentar el significado que tiene la biopedagogía para la educación como herramienta de estrategias hacia la inclusión de personas dentro del sistema educativo. Creando nuevas condiciones iniciales para la auto-organización de las experiencias de aprendizaje, dando énfasis a que el aprender es siempre descubrimiento de lo nuevo, de lo contrario no es aprender, y educar es ir creando continuamente nuevas condiciones que transformen posibilidades para afrontar la realidad de las personas incluidas.
La experiencia del Taller de Español Lengua Extranjera: conversando, aprendiendo y tejiendo redes interculturales
Authors: Simbaqueba Triana Angélica
Published: May 2022

El Taller de Español Lengua Extranjera surge como respuesta alternativa para un grupo de estudiantes extranjeros que inician una experiencia de intercambio con la Universidad de los Andes en Bogotá, Colombia, durante el primer semestre de 2021. El diseño e implementación de esta propuesta van emergiendo espontáneamente, evidenciando el potencial de este espacio, el cual podría ser comprendido y explorado desde tres dimensiones: lenguajear y conversar, práctica y aprendizaje, y tejido de redes interculturales. Asimismo, surge una hipótesis relacionada con la presencia de niveles heterogéneos de lengua en un mismo espacio de aprendizaje y los impactos positivos que de allí podrían derivarse. Este artículo relata esta experiencia y representa un primer momento en el proceso de validación de la hipótesis mencionada.
Hungarian teachers' reading strategy use in mother tongue and foreign language analysed by background variables
Authors: Tary Blanka
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study is to identify teachers' reading strategy use in L1 (mother tongue) and L2 (foreign language), and also to examine whether background variables such as gender, qualification, teaching experience, platform of teaching, reading habits, majors, L2 level and the number of L2s known make a difference in teachers' reading strategy use. Reading has been widely researched yet examining L1 and L2 reading strategy use simultaneously yielded contradicting results. Furthermore, there is little research on teachers' reading strategy use although their role in students' reading is vital. An online, anonymous questionnaire including background variables and items from MARSI was used, which was filled in by 256 teachers. Data analysis found that teachers use more reading strategies in L1 than in L2. No background variable had any significant relationship with L1 reading strategy use. Reading habits, L2 level, majors and L2s known, however, did make a difference in teachers' L2 reading strategy use. Thus it seems that L2 metalinguistic knowledge and reading habits might be important to consider when examining reading strategies.
Involvement in Sexaholics Anonymous and life satisfaction: The mediating role of meaning in life and hope
Authors: Wnuk Marcin , Charzyńska Edyta
Published: May 2022

Background and aims

Some people are preoccupied with their sexual urges and fantasies and lose control over their sexual behaviors, which can cause adverse consequences for their health and well-being. One of the options available for individuals seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a self-help group based on the twelve-step program. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the direct and indirect (through meaning in life and hope) relationships between involvement in Sexaholics Anonymous (SA) and life satisfaction.

Methods

The sample consisted of 80 Polish members of SA (72 men and 8 women) with a mean age of 38.96 years (SD = 10.56). The Sex Addiction Screening Test-Revised, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and items adapted from the Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement Scale were used to measure the study variables.

Results

Path analysis showed a direct positive relationship between SA involvement and life satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between these variables was mediated by the presence of meaning in life and hope. Simultaneously, more severe symptoms of CSBD were related to lower levels of the presence of meaning in life and higher levels of the search for meaning in life, which, in turn, predicted lower levels of life satisfaction.

Discussion and conclusions

The results suggest that finding meaning in life and restoring hope partly underlie the relationship between SA involvement and life satisfaction.
The effects of neoliberal social policy on the institutional selectivity of the Hungarian K-12 educational system from a socio-legal perspective
Authors: Rónay Zoltán , Matyasovszky-Németh Márton
Published: May 2022

There is a general consensus in mainstream education sciences and sociology that the Hungarian educational system has long been highly selective. 1 Although the majority of Hungarian society has high hopes that the educational system promotes social mobility, empirical studies show that the problem of selectivity has not been handled effectively, regardless of the multitude of changes in education policy in past decades. 2 It has become a very fashionable theme in the past few years to denounce the detrimental effects of neoliberalism on the educational system for this failing. 3 We, however, argue that neoliberalism has only played a secondary role in the controversial evolution of educational policy, while its chief causes may rather be found in ambiguous education legislation.

As a result of the aforementioned controversy, the impact of neoliberal economic policy on the institutional selectivity of education needs to be clarified. Accordingly, this paper aims to highlight the main patterns of how the neoliberal idea has affected education, as well as its side effects on social mobility.
A narrative review of the effects of blood flow restriction on vascular structure and function
Authors: Stanford Daphney M. , Mouser J. Grant , Chatlaong Matthew A. , Jessee Matthew B.
Published: May 2022

Blood flow restriction is growing in popularity as a tool for increasing muscular size and strength. Currently, guidelines exist for using blood flow restriction alone and in combination with endurance and resistance exercise. However, only about 1.3% of practitioners familiar with blood flow restriction applications have utilized it for vascular changes, suggesting many of the guidelines are based on skeletal muscle outcomes. Thus, this narrative review is intended to explore the literature available in which blood flow restriction, or a similar application, assess the changes in vascular structure or function. Based on the literature, there is a knowledge gap in how applying blood flow restriction with relative pressures may alter the vasculature when applied alone, with endurance exercise, and with resistance exercise. In many instances, the application of blood flow restriction was not in accordance with the current guidelines, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions as to how the vascular system would be affected. Additionally, several studies report no change in vascular structure or function, but few studies look at variables for both outcomes. By examining outcomes for both structure and function, investigators would be able to generate recommendations for the use of blood flow restriction to improve vascular structure and/or function in the future.
Artist No Longer. Powrót Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego do Polski w grudniu 1918 r. na łamach francuskiej i brytyjskiej prasy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Opolski, Misiurska Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

This publication is devoted to the mission undertaken by Ignacy Jan Paderewski in December 1918, his arrival in Poland, through his visit to Poznań, until the successful political talks with Józef Piłsudski and the formation of a coalition government, which led to the recognition of the Warsaw authorities by the Entente countries and establishing the composition of the Polish delegation to the Paris peace conference shown the French and British press. The chronological scope of the article covers a relatively short period, which is, however, crucial for the reconstruction of independent Poland. For its needs, the outgoing press in France and Great Britain was reviewed and articles describing Paderewski’s activities at that time were analyzed. To achieve this purpose, the French and British newspaper titles were selected that represented different political circles and achieved a significant circulation. This publication is mainly based on the method of analyzing press sources, using the philological method, which in this case involves translating the texts of press articles from French and English. However, the key research method used to write this article is the comparative method, consisting in juxtaposing information relating to the same events at the turn of 1918 and 1919 in the French and British press, and pointing to similarities and differences in the terminology used and the assessment of Ignacy Paderewski and its activities.
Laurence Alma-Tadema (1865–1940) jako popularyzatorka historii i kultury polskiej
Authors:   Szkoła Doktorska Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Biedka Karolina
Published: May 2022

The main goal of the article is to present the activities of the British poet and writer Laurence Alma-Tademy (1865–1940) to popularize Polish history and culture in Great Britain during World War I and in the preceding period. A biographical sketch of Alma-Tedema and the most important threads related to her pro-Polish activities are outlined. Various directions of her activity were presented, as well as her special relationship with the Polish pianist and composer Ignacy Jan Paderewski. Alma-Tademy’s relations with other Polish activists – Roman Dmowski and Henryk Sienkiewicz were also presented. Laurence Alma-Tadema, as she claimed, loved Poland and chose it as her homeland. She tried to familiarize the British with Polish culture and history. Moreover, her commitment to helping Polish victims of the war, now forgotten, is not without significance. The article discusses the most important aspects of Alma-Tademy’s work for the Polish cause.
Artystyczna droga Renaty Bogdańskiej w latach wojennej tułaczki i niełatwe powojenne życie Ireny Andersowej
Authors:   Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Oddział Opole, Kubis Barbara
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on Irena Anders, the wife of General Władysław Anders. It is based on a variety of sources, mainly memoirs but also my own memories since I had the pleasure of getting to know this extraordinary lady in person. Renata Bogdańska – because this was her stage name – belonged to people who definitely knew what they wanted in life, and was always ready to face new challenges. She was musically gifted, sang beautifully and took part in performances of various theatrical groups. The Second World War had a huge influence on her life. She followed the fate of many other Poles from the Eastern Borderlands, marching among the army organized by Władyslaw Anders in the Soviet Union. The general made efforts to lead the Polish troops out of the Soviet Union, to Persia – controlled by the British forces. It was fate that brought these two together on the war trail. After the war, they got married and settled in London. Everyday post-war life was not easy, but the Mrs Anders worked hard to overcome all difficulties. She often visited Poland and spoke with pride about her patriotism and love for Poland. She had a warm, open personality and was very likeable.
Od Mikołaja Kozakiewicza do Macieja Płażyńskiego. Szkice do portretu Marszałków Sejmu w latach 1989–2011
Authors:   Instytut Historii, Uniwersytet Opolski, Białokur Marek
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article is to present the biographies of the first five marshals of Polish parliaments in 1989–2011. The Marshals of the Sejm presented in short biographical sketches are figures who played an important role in Polish politics. Among them were politicians from various political groups. Two activists associated with the Polish people’s movement (Mikołaj Kozakiewicz and Józef Zych), one socialist from the former post-communist camp (Józef Oleksy) and two with a beautiful card in the anti-communist opposition and strongly associated with the Catholic Church (Wiesław Chrzanowksi and Maciej Płażyński). The Marshal of the Sejm is the speaker of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. Today the Marshal of the Sejm is the chairman of the Presidium of the Sejm and the Convention of Seniors. The Marshal oversees the work of the Sejm, supervises procedural sessions of the Sejm, and convenes and chairs the proceedings of the Convention of Seniors and the Presidium of the Sejm. Since 1989 substitutes for the President of Poland in the event of that office’s vacancy.
Konieczna lekcja uświadomienia historycznego młodzieży. Narodowa tradycja i współczesność
Authors:   Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, Oddział Opole, Kubis Barbara
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the reflections from the period of lockdown and the risks brought by Covid-19 during Spring 2020. History is one of the key subjects that have a significant impact on the shaping of attitudes in a society, as well setting goals for the future, as well as the young. Historians teach how to interpret the past, important facts and essential universal values, and creativity in the pursuit of knowledge. The school education system should be open and implement a model based on showcasing different views and social phenomena. This is where the teachers and history lessons focus their efforts and work towards that common goal. The school education system allows the use of various sources of knowledge, teaching how to critically assess its content. It allows you to step beyond the textbook and support the formation of social awareness in the young generation.
Correlative thinking: From abduction to Ars Contextualis in early Chinese cosmology
Authors:   Beijing University, T. Ames Roger
Published: May 2022

The items available for ars contextualis can be characterized in terms of the focal point from and to which the lines of divergence and convergence attributable to them move and find resolution, and the field from which and to which those same lines proceed and have influence. To take Confucius himself as a concrete example, we would have to allow that he is corporate in the sense that the lines of divergence and convergence that constitute his focus and meaning move throughout the entire field of the Chinese cultural tradition. Confucius is both focus and China as a focused field.
Memoirs of Madame Piłsudski Considerations on how to use memoirs in writing a biography
Authors: Sikorska Marta
Published: May 2022

The article focuses on “Memoirs” of Aleksandra Piłsudska. They were prepared as a result of strong emotional experiences caused by the outbreak of war, and present a picture of strong and active women. On this basis we provide wider considerations on the problems of gender and individuation in biographic research.
Tadeusz Świecki – przedstawiciel lokalnych elit Narodowej Demokracji
Authors: Radomski Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the political views of Tadeusz Świecki, an activist of the National Democracy in the Płock Mazovia region. The article is based on archival materials, scientific studies and journalistic articles. In structural terms it consists of two separate parts. The first one presents basic biographical data. The second part analyses political views. In order to achieve the aim, two main research methods have been used: biographical and content analysis. The main research hypothesis assumes that Tadeusz Świecki was an undoubted leader of the Płock National Democrats. According to the second hypothesis, he was an original political thinker who tried to synthesize national-democratic views with political Romanticism.
Tadeusz i Stefan Zwolińscy: przyczynek do biografii speleologicznej
Authors: Lewkowicz Łukasz
Published: May 2022

The research aim of the article was to present the broadly understood speleological activity of the brothers Tadeusz and Stefan Zwoliński. The text presents biographies of both described characters, then the individual stages of their speleological activity are analyzed in detail, and in the end the legacy of the Zwoliński brothers is characterized. The speleological activity of the Zwoliński brothers lasted several dozen years in total: it began during the Austro-Hungarian period, was continued with many successes in the interwar period and ended after the Second World War in the Polish People’s Republic. At the threshold of their activity, only 44 caves in the Polish Tatras were known. The activity of the Zwoliński brothers finally brought the knowledge of nearly 120 new cave facilities. Their various publications also provided a model for the development of cave documentation and influenced the tourist and scientific activities carried out there. The article is a contribution to further research on the history of Polish speleology.
Poza marksizm. Hendrik de Man, „planizm” lat trzydziestych i przemiany europejskiej socjaldemokracji
Authors: Piskała Kamil
Published: May 2022

Interwar period in history of European Social Democracy was a time of great hopes, but also huge, even dramatic failures. However, in the following article I argue that two decades between world wars (especially the 1930s) were a time of deep ideological reassessment in major European Social Democratic parties too. Inspired by Tommaso Milani’s work „Hendrik de Man and Social Democracy. The Idea of Planning in Western Europe, 1914-1940”, I try to present a portrait of Hendrik de Man, one of the most original, but also the most controversial, thinker of interwar Social Democracy. At first, I closely studied the intellectual roots of de Man’s „planism” – agenda, which was to be the ground-breaking answer for the deep political crisis of Social Democracy in the first half of the 1930s. De Man’s „Plan of Labour” (Le Plan du Travail) was a package of structural reforms, which should – according to de Man himself – boost economic growth in the short term, but also create firm foundations for the planned economy in the long term. In contrast to the Marxist orthodoxy, de Man believed that socialization of already monopolized heavy industry and state control over the banking sector are sufficient conditions for an effective planned economy. Furthermore, „Plan of Labour” propaganda campaign was to inflame enthusiasm among the working-class constituency of the Belgian Social Democracy and attract potential new, non-proletarian supporters. De Man’s „planism” in the middle of the 1930s aroused interest among socialists and social democrats in the whole Europe. Despite of the anathema caused by de Man’s collaboration with Nazis during World War II, the sole idea of „planism” represents important episode in intellectual history of Social Democracy and might be perceived as an early symptom of the evolution, which led to rejection of the Marxism and adoption of capitalist welfare state model after World War II.
EU’s Human Rights Protection Policy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Cała-Wacinkiewicz Ewelina
Published: May 2022

The overall objective of this paper is to outline the evolution of human rights policy in the European Union, with particular emphasis on the delimitation of time resulting from the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon signed on 13 December 2007, which revealed how strongly law is related to politics. Focusing on that issue is not accidental. This results from the fact that the European Union is an excellent example of an international organization whose priority aim at the moment of its creation was not the protection of human rights treated as an end in itself, and which in the course of its development has made the protection and promotion of human rights, “a silver thread running through all EU actions “. The specific objectives (though no less important from the point of view of the essence of human rights protection in the European Union) are: to show the systemic nature of the protection of those rights, the nature which is increasingly becoming part of the European Union, hitherto breaking somewhat the monopoly of the Council of Europe in this field; and to evaluate the European Union policy on the protection of human rights.
Chosen problems of forecasting social phenomena
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Donaj Łukasz
Published: May 2022

Forecasting is understood as predicting based on specific trustworthy data. Futurology in turn is the science of predicting the future. In the course of forecasting, we also aim to determine the conditions for the evolution of the analysed phenomenon. A forecast prepared for this purpose must take account of the known relationships, types, and intensity of external influences and internal changes expected in the development of the phenomenon under investigation. Forecasting social phenomena can in many ways be difficult. The reason is that it is the nature of these phenomena to be closely and multilaterally linked with physical, biological, and other social phenomena. Thus, making judgements about the future course of social phenomena, which, unlike physical phenomena based on “strong” science, are dependent on a large number of factors with varying degrees of stability is a complex task. The aim of the publication is an analysis of selected issues that affect predicting social phenomena, hence the paper discusses issues such as qualitative character of social science laws; Oedipus effect; syndromatic nature of social phenomena; evolving nature of social reality; substantive rationality and methodological rationality etc.
The state’s policy with regard to prevention of legal exclusion based on administration of justice in civil cases – selected issues
Authors:   Uniwersyt Szczeciński, Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga
Published: May 2022

The Author devoted her treatise to issues of social policy in the areas of combatting legal exclusion, restricting the discussion to justice in civil matters. The Author pointed out the essence of this exclusion understood as a kind of legal exclusion and also characterized its scope in the case of the right to present one’s plea in court in civil cases. Indicating the reasons for the legal exclusion the Author pointed out the relationship between this kind of exclusion and poverty. The final element of the treatise was the analysis of solutions used by democratic countries in the fight against legal restrictions on access to court as a key example of legal exclusion.
The role of the president of the Russian Federation in shaping of the country’s security
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Gardocki Sylwester
Published: May 2022

The overall objective of this paper is to outline how president of Russia performs his tasks in the area of security mainly through the specific and politically strong body of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. The result of this analysis is pointing out the role of the people directly managing the armed forces and internal security apparatus in influencing the president. More and more key positions in the country and economy are occupied by FSB people indisputable tendency to fill the sectors that the president considered as the most important with people from the security apparatus. The dependence of the president on the heads of the units forming the coercive apparatus is not the quality obvious only for Vladimir Putin’s presidency; it was also visible in the activity of president Boris Yeltsin, which has for many years escaped the attention of many of the scholars studying Russia.
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Polish political and economic perspective
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Kościelniak Karol
Published: May 2022

The history of bilateral relations between Poland and Vietnam reaches the year 1950 when countries of the Eastern Bloc, including Poland, acknowledged independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Since then, we have observed more or less intensive mutual contacts. We have cooperated in many fields. And today, watching moves of Polish and Vietnamese politicians and signed agreements, we can see that this cooperation is getting colors and like years ago, it covers various fields. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam in Polish political and economic perspective does not have a significant status. Despite the fact that with every year, the interest of the Polish as well as Vietnamese side is getting bigger. However the biggest problem is the adverse balance of trade between both countries. Time will show in which direction the Polish-Vietnamese cooperation will go. However, looking at expressive economic growth of Vietnam during the last few years and what is even more important, at further perspectives of this prosperity, Poland should maintain good relations with this economic partner, enlarging at the same time its export to this country. We can see in Vietnam an opportunity for Polish traders for exporting their products to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.