bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are human brain organoids cloned human individuals? An ethical analysis
Authors: Kataoka Masanori , Ota Koji , Savulescu Julian , Sawai Tsutomu
Published: July 2023

In recent years, there has been much ethical debate about human brain organoid research. However, the possibility that human brain organoids might be human individuals has not been examined. This is an important issue because if human brain organoids are human individuals, then the creation of human brain organoids could be a form of human reproductive cloning. We examine the implications of two mainstream bioethical views on the nature of human individuals for human brain organoids: (1) Functional Integration Theory, the view that the capacity to integrate vital functions is the criterion for human individuality, and (2) Mental State Theory, the view that some mental capacity is the criterion for human individuality. We find that under either theory of human individuality, human brain organoids could be human individuals in the future. According to a version of Functional Integration Theory that locates the integrative function in the human brainstem (Brainstem Theory), a well-developed human brainstem organoid can be a human individual. Further, on Mental State Theory, a conscious human brain organoid can be a human individual. Our results, combined with the ban on human reproductive cloning, may provide some reasons to be more cautious in human brain organoid research. Alternatively, in light of the progress in human brain organoid research, it may be necessary to reconsider the ethics and laws surrounding human reproductive cloning. This research paves the way for the first time to examine the question of great ethical importance whether human brain organoids can be human individuals, and encourages further consideration.
Public engagement with genomics
Authors: Middleton Anna , Adams Avery , Aidid Hugbaad , Atutornu Jerome , Boraschi Daniela , Borra Julian , Bircan Tuba , Burch Claudette , Costa Alessia , Dickinson Anna , Enticknap Ann , Galloway Catherine , Gale Francesca , Garlick Emma , Haydon Em , Henriques Sasha , Mitchell Marion , Milne Richard , Monaghan Jack , Morley Katherine I , Muella Santos Milena , Olivares Boldu Laura , Olumogba Fifi , Orviss Kate , Parry Vivienne , Patch Christine , Robarts Lauren , Shingles Sam , Smidt Cindy , Tomlin Ben , Parkinson Sarah
Published: July 2023

As detailed in its flagship report, Genome UK, the UK government recognises the vital role that broad public engagement across whole populations plays in the field of genomics. However, there is limited evidence about how to do this at scale, particularly for public audiences who are not especially interested in the science, are unsure of the relevance to their lives or who feel disengaged from it. We use a narrative review to explore: (i) UK attitudes towards genetics and genomics and what may influence reluctance to engage with these topics; (ii) innovative public engagement approaches that have been used to bring diverse public audiences into conversations about the technology. Whilst we have found some novel engagement methods that have used participatory arts, film, social media and deliberative methods, there is no clear agreement on best practice. We did not find a consistently used, evidence-based strategy for delivering public engagement about genomics across diverse and broad populations, nor a specific method that is known to encourage engagement from groups that have historically felt (in terms of perception) and been (in reality) excluded from genomic research. We argue there is a need for well-defined, tailor-made engagement strategies that clearly articulate the audience, the purpose and the proposed impact of the engagement intervention. This needs to be coupled with robust evaluation frameworks to build the evidence-base for population-level engagement strategies.
Catch Me If You Can – Wittgenstein on the Ineffability of Logical Form
Authors: Arazim Pavel
Published: July 2023

Logical form and logical analysis as the search for it have been introduced during the development of logic and analytical philosophy and are still widely considered as key tools or methods for the solution of philosophical puzzles. It is instructive to have a look at a criticism of these presupositions and I present Wittgenstein as the author who provides such a criticism. I present a development of his view of logical form which went from the thesis of the ineffability of logical form to the denial of the meaningfulness of the notion of logical form as such. This refusal is linked to Wittgenstein’s abandonment of the idea of the language of pure experience. The method of philosophical therapies is presented as an alternative to logical analysis and this methodology is linked with Wittgenstein’s consideration of game and family resemblance.
Procedural Semantics and its Relevance to Paradox
Authors: Booij Elbert
Published: July 2023

Two semantic paradoxes, the Liar and Curry’s paradox, are analysed using a newly developed conception of procedural semantics (semantics according to which the truth of propositions is determined algorithmically), whose main characteristic is its departure from methodological realism. Rather than determining pre-existing facts, procedures are constitutive of them. Of this semantics, two versions are considered: closed (where the halting of procedures is presumed) and open (without this presumption). To this end, a procedural approach to deductive reasoning is developed, based on the idea of simulation. As is shown, closed semantics supports classical logic, but cannot in any straightforward way accommodate the concept of truth. In open semantics, where paradoxical propositions naturally ‘belong’, they cease to be paradoxical; yet, it is concluded that the natural choice—for logicians and common people alike—is to stick to closed semantics, pragmatically circumventing problematic utterances.
Impactos da Pandemia da Covid-19 na Atuação de Profissionais de uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica
Authors: Silva Dayane Rodrigues , Pegoraro Renata Fabiana
Published: July 2023

No contexto de pandemia da covid-19, os profissionais de saúde têm sido expostos a situações que podem gerar sofrimento psicológico, como risco de contaminação, longas jornadas de trabalho, falta de equipamentos de proteção individual, estresse e ansiedade. Esta pesquisa investigou os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na atuação de profissionais de uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica em hospital geral. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de entrevistas com profissionais de saúde cujo roteiro continha, dentre outras, a seguinte pergunta: "A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou alterações na sua atuação profissional?". Para análise dos achados, optou-se pela análise temática. Estes apontaram que os desafios para o cuidar na pandemia envolviam alterações nas ações de cuidado, redução da equipe, aumento da carga de trabalho, falta de equipamentos de segurança, medo e ansiedade na equipe, o que implicou na necessidade de suporte psicossocial aos profissionais, pois a pandemia intensificou a vivência de situações difíceis preexistentes. Face ao exposto, observou-se a necessidade de diferentes adaptações para o desenvolvimento do trabalho na unidade pesquisada, que, frente ao clima de tensão instalado no serviço, contava com uma equipe reduzida de profissionais de saúde.
Comportamentos Autolesivos, Percepção de Suporte Familiar e Sintomas Ansiosos e Depressivos em Adolescentes Pernambucanos
Authors: Santana Suely De Melo , Silva Davi Italo Souza Barbosa da , Bezerra Artur , Mariano Tailson Evangelista , Maltoni Juliana , Matos Margarida Gaspar de , Neufeld Carmem Beatriz
Published: July 2023

Comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência se tornaram um problema de saúde pública mundial. Frequentemente, esses comportamentos compõem o quadro sintomático de doenças psiquiátricas, sendo conceitualizados como estratégias disfuncionais de regulação emocional. Diante disso, este estudo investiga a relação entre comportamentos autolesivos, percepção de suporte familiar e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em adolescentes da rede estadual de ensino do Recife, assim como estima a prevalência do fenômeno (n=501). Também buscou-se estimar a prevalência do fenômeno e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Protocolo Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children, a Spence Children's Anxiety Scale e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil, todos adaptados ao português brasileiro. Foram realizadas análises da consistência interna, qui quadrado, teste t, correlação e descritivas. Os resultados apontaram prevalência de 31,3% para comportamentos autolesivos. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram 2,26 vezes mais chance de engajar na prática de comportamentos autolesivos. Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre participantes que se autolesionavam e aqueles que não se autolesionavam no tangente à percepção de sintomas depressivos, sintomas ansiosos e suporte familiar. Nossos achados enfatizam a importância dos vínculos familiares no combate aos comportamentos autolesivos. Assim, esperamos contribuir para a construção de estratégias preventivas contra comportamentos de risco, ansiedade e depressão.
Promoção em Saúde Mental da População Negra Brasileira, um Levantamento Bibliográfico
Authors: Moreira Nádia Meireles , Costa Ileno Izídio da , Santos Josenaide Engracia dos
Published: July 2023

Este estudo trata-se de um levantamento bibliográfico de cunho exploratório qualitativo, com o objetivo de identificar na literatura científica brasileira estudos sobre a promoção de saúde mental para a população negra nos serviços de saúde mental. Foram analisados artigos indexados e pesquisas publicadas no Brasil nos últimos 20 anos (entre 2001 e 2021), disponíveis nos portais Scielo, LILACS, BDTD e CAPES. Resultou na identificação de três artigos com as características desejadas, o que evidencia o número restrito de publicações sobre o tema. Problematizado em três categorias, sendo elas: impactos do racismo para promoção de Saúde Mental da população negra; conscientização da discriminação racial para prevenção em Saúde Mental; possibilidades de criação de estratégias preventivas. Constatou-se que as práticas de cuidado precisam ser articuladas a questão das relações raciais, por serem basais para o entendimento da saúde mental enquanto multideterminada, uma vez que o racismo tem impactos globais e atinge todos os níveis estruturais.
A Type IV Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture in an Adolescent – A Case Report
Authors: Venunathan Gopinath , Tewari Abhinav , Thakur Kamparsh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in adolescents are one of the rare physeal injuries. Sudden powerful contraction of quadriceps muscle leads to avulsion fractures and varying degrees of disruption of extensor mechanism. Case Report: A 16-year-old boy sustained tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture while playing football and presented with sudden onset of pain, massive swelling, and loss of active extension of the left knee along with inability to bear weight on the left leg. Due to imminent risk of development of compartment, patient was taken for surgical correction immediately. Open reduction and internal fixation were done using 02 × 4 mm partially threaded cannulated cancellous screws. Patient was immobilized with above knee cast and kept non-weight bearing for 6 weeks. Later, gradual weight bearing ambulation was allowed and ROM and strengthening of knee was carried out. Patient had regained complete ROM of knee and returned to sporting activities by end of 6 months. Conclusion: Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are a rare occurrence and even rarer is them getting complicated by compartment syndrome. A high index of suspicion for development of compartment syndrome in an avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity and a timely management can avert such potential complications and enables to achieve an optimal results. Keywords: Avulsion, fracture, tibia, adolescents, tuberosity.
Pulsed CW laser for long-term spectroscopic measurements at high power in deep-UV
Authors: Zhadnov Nikita , Golovizin Artem , Cortinovis Irene , Ohayon Ben , de Sousa Borges Lucas , Janka Gianluca , Crivelli Paolo
Published: July 2023

We present a novel technique for in-vacuum cavity-enhanced UV spectroscopy that allows nearly continuous measurements over several days, minimizing mirror degradation caused by high-power UV radiation. Our method relies on pulsing of the cavity’s internal power, which increases the UV intensity to maximum only for short periods when the studied atom is within the cavity mode volume while keeping the average power low to prevent mirror degradation. Additionally, this method significantly decreases laser-induced background on charged particle detectors. The described 244 nm laser system is designed for 1S-2S two-photon CW spectroscopy of muonium in the Mu-MASS project. It was tested to provide intracavity powers above 20 W, requiring maintenance only a few times a day. The pulsing technique demonstrates minimal impact on the radiation frequency, with no observed shifts exceeding 15 kHz. Our approach represents a promising new technique for high-precision spectroscopy of atoms in harsh UV environments and demonstrates the feasibility of CW spectroscopy of muonium.
Time-slicing high dynamic range 3D imaging
Authors: Li Fanfei , Zhang Shaohui , Li Lusong , Xia Chenxu , Sun Jiankun , Hao Qun
Published: July 2023

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely used in 3D measurement due to its high precision and non-contact properties. Nevertheless, it still faces great challenges in measuring scenes with complex reflectivity, in which the dynamic range of the reflected light field of the scene is significantly higher than that of the image detector. In this paper, we propose a time-slicing strategy for high dynamics range 3D imaging by projecting a series of sinusoidal fringe patterns with short and equal length exposure time and performing the fusion of different numbers of short exposure images according to the local gray-value distribution of the images. Moreover, to further improve the measurement efficiency, we realize phase unwrapping using complementary Gray code patterns, which are binary and insensitive to the image sensor’s nonlinear response to the reflected light from the scene under test. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Quantum Promise Becomes Commercial Reality
Authors: Curtis Susan
Published: July 2023

Companies are starting to capitalize on quantum
science—taking the technology out of the lab and into the
market.
The manifold costs of being a non-native English speaker in science
Authors: Amano Tatsuya , Ramírez-Castañeda Valeria , Berdejo-Espinola Violeta , Borokini Israel , Chowdhury Shawan , Golivets Marina , González-Trujillo Juan David , Montaño-Centellas Flavia , Paudel Kumar , White Rachel Louise , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: July 2023

The use of English as the common language of science represents a major impediment to maximising the contribution of non-native English speakers to science. Yet few studies have quantified the consequences of language barriers on the career development of researchers who are non-native English speakers. By surveying 908 researchers in environmental sciences, this study estimates and compares the amount of effort required to conduct scientific activities in English between researchers from different countries and, thus, different linguistic and economic backgrounds. Our survey demonstrates that non-native English speakers, especially early in their careers, spend more effort than native English speakers in conducting scientific activities, from reading and writing papers and preparing presentations in English, to disseminating research in multiple languages. Language barriers can also cause them not to attend, or give oral presentations at, international conferences conducted in English. We urge scientific communities to recognise and tackle these disadvantages to release the untapped potential of non-native English speakers in science. This study also proposes potential solutions that can be implemented today by individuals, institutions, journals, funders, and conferences.

Please see the Supporting information files (S2–S6 Text) for Alternative Language Abstracts and Figs 5 and 6.
Analysis on spatial structure characteristics and influencing factors of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region MICE cities
Authors: Wu Shifeng , Hong Yu , Jia Yinuo , Wang Jiangyun , Xu Xin
Published: July 2023

Industrial upgrading and transfer is one of the three key areas in the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) are important means of promoting industrial upgrading. Urban MICE industry, as an important carrier of event activities, become an important gripper for coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. City exhibition space structure plays an dominant role in regional economic development, and it will greatly promote smooth implementation of the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. In this paper, 13 prefecture-level cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were selected as research objects, and the data from 2012 to 2018 were selected to establish a gravity model of the attractiveness of MICE cities. With the help of UCINET software, the network density, centrality, cohesive subgroup and core-edge of nodes researches were obtained to analyze the spatial structure characteristics of the attractiveness of MICE cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The influencing factors of the spatial characteristics of MICE city attractiveness are analyzed by using geographically weighted regression model. The results show that: (1) Beijing, as the overall core area, act as a prominent role. Beijing strengthens the attraction to the superior resources of the surrounding areas, but the network of MICE cities tends to be unbalanced. (2) Overall space forms a subgroup from a single independent subgroup to a subgroup that is spatially separated from each other and acts as an intermediary channel to connect each other, and the core region decreases from 3 to 2. Langfang was removed from the list, leaving Beijing and Tianjin as the core. (3) The influence of supporting facilities, urban environment and population factors on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is increasing gradually. The influence of tourism development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is decreasing gradually. The influence of economic development level and Internet development level on the MICE city attractiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region remains unchanged.
Cleavage of the V-ATPase associated prorenin receptor is mediated by PACE4 and is essential for growth of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Mohammad Amro H. , Couture Frédéric , Gamache Isabelle , Chen Owen , El-Assaad Wissal , Abdel-Malak Nelly , Kwiatkowska Anna , Muller William , Day Robert , Teodoro Jose G.
Published: July 2023

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutation is common in prostate cancer during progression to metastatic and castration resistant forms. We previously reported that loss of PTEN function in prostate cancer leads to increased expression and secretion of the Prorenin Receptor (PRR) and its soluble processed form, the soluble Prorenin Receptor (sPRR). PRR is an essential factor required for proper assembly and activity of the vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase). The V-ATPase is a rotary proton pump required for the acidification of intracellular vesicles including endosomes and lysosomes. Acidic vesicles are involved in a wide range of cancer related pathways such as receptor mediated endocytosis, autophagy, and cell signalling. Full-length PRR is cleaved at a conserved consensus motif (R-X-X-R↓) by a member of the proprotein convertase family to generate sPRR, and a smaller C-terminal fragment, designated M8.9. It is unclear which convertase processes PRR in prostate cancer cells and how processing affects V-ATPase activity. In the current study we show that PRR is predominantly cleaved by PACE4, a proprotein convertase that has been previously implicated in prostate cancer. We further demonstrate that PTEN controls PRR processing in mouse tissue and controls PACE4 expression in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PACE4 cleavage of PRR is needed for efficient V-ATPase activity and prostate cancer cell growth. Overall, our data highlight the importance of PACE4-mediated PRR processing in normal physiology and prostate cancer tumorigenesis.
Isolated abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (iso↓DLco) is associated with increased respiratory symptom burden in people with HIV infection
Authors: Byanova Katerina L. , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Jan Amanda K. , McGing Maggie , Hartman-Filson Marlena , Farr Carly K. , Zhang Michelle , Gardner Kendall , Branchini Jake , Kerruish Robert , Bhide Sharvari , Bates Aryana , Hsieh Jenny , Abelman Rebecca , Hunt Peter W. , Wang Richard J. , Crothers Kristina A. , Huang Laurence
Published: July 2023

Objectives

An isolated reduction in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco; iso↓DLco) is one of the most common pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in people living with HIV (PWH), but its clinical implications are incompletely understood. In this study, we explored whether iso↓DLco in PWH is associated with a greater respiratory symptom burden.

Study design

Cross-sectional analysis

Methods

We used ATS/ERS compliant PFTs from PWH with normal spirometry (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≥0.7; FEV1, FVC ≥80% predicted) from the I AM OLD cohort in San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA, grouped by DLco categorized as normal (DLco ≥lower limit of normal, LLN), mild iso↓DLco (LLN >DLco >60% predicted), and moderate-severe iso↓DLco (DLco ≤60% predicted). We performed multivariable analyses to test for associations between DLco and validated symptom-severity and quality of life questionnaires, including the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), as well as between DLco and individual CAT symptoms.

Results

Mild iso↓DLco was associated only with a significantly higher SGRQ score. Moderate-severe iso↓DLco was associated with significantly higher odds of mMRC ≥2 and significantly higher CAT and SGRQ scores. PWH with moderate-severe iso↓DLco had increased odds of breathlessness, decreased activity, lower confidence leaving home, and less energy.

Conclusions

Iso↓DLco is associated with worse respiratory symptom scores, and this association becomes stronger with worsening DLco, suggesting that impaired gas exchange alone has a significant negative impact on the quality of life in PWH. Additional studies are ongoing to understand the etiology of this finding and design appropriate interventions.
Islet autoantibodies and residual beta-cell function in children with type 1 diabetes depending on age of manifestation
Authors: Romanenkova E. M. , Zufarova I. M. , Sorokin D. Y. , Eremina I. A. , Sechko E. A. , Nikankina L. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Laptev D. N.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to pancreatic β-cells destruction and progressive decrease of insulin secretion. Specific islet autoantibodies (AAbs) are the main diagnostic marker of T1D. Residual β-cell function, as measured by C-peptide, has repeatedly been demonstrated to be clinically important.

AIM: To study the frequency and levels of residual C-peptide secretion and persistence of pancreatic AAbs in children with T1D with different duration and age of manifestation of the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The levels of C-peptide and AAbs to ZnT8 (zinc transporter 8), AAbs to IA-2 (Insulinoma Antigen 2), AAbs to GAD (Glutamate Decarboxylase), IAA (insulin autoantibodies) were measured. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the duration of T1D (1st — <1 year, 2nd — from 1 to 5 years, 3rd — >5 years) and age of manifestation (A — prepubertal and B — puberty).

RESULTS: The median duration of T1D was 1.8 [0,8;3,9], 76.3% out of 1333 patients were seropositive, 40% had residual levels of C-peptide. With disease duration there were a decrease in AAbs+: 1st group 74%, 2nd group 69%, and 3rd group 48%. In all groups, percentage of patients with positive levels of one or more AAbs was significantly higher in children with T1D manifestation at puberty. GADA and ZnT8A were more common in the first year of the disease. IA-2A were observed with the same frequency in the group of adolescents. IAA were more common in patients at prepubertal age. An undetectable level of C-peptide was observed significantly higher in children with T1D manifestation in prepubertal age (p<0.05): 1А — 13% and 1B — 5%, 2А — 51% and 2B — 14%, 3А — 82% and 3B — 50%, reference range of C-peptide was observed in adolescents (p<0,05): 1А — 6% and 1B — 44%, 2А — 2% and 2b — 25%, 3А — 2% and 3B — 11%.

CONCLUSION: AAbs+ is relatively common in children with T1D and about half of them are seropositive in more than 5 years after manifestation. GADA and ZnT8A have high specificity for patients with new-onset T1D. C-peptide secretion depends on the age of the disease manifestation.
Type 2 diabetes clusters in the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Bondar I. A. , Shabelnikova O. Y.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disease. Determination of different T2DM phenotypes will improve the prediction of metabolic disorders, the risk of complications and individual diabetes therapy.

AIM: To identify clusters of T2DM in patients with different duration of diabetes with a study of the frequency of diabetic complications and drug therapy in the Novosibirsk region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out at Diamodul in the period 2013–2017 in the Novosibirsk region. K-means cluster analysis was performed in 2805 T2DM patients aged 44 to 75 years with a duration of diabetes of 7.84±6.53 years based on 5 variables — HbA1c, age at diagnosis, BMI, C-peptide, sex.

RESULTS: Cluster analysis identified three clusters: cluster 1 in 1003 patients (35.7%) with preserved β-cell function, age of T2DM diagnosis 51.72±8.29 years and BMI 33.50±5.74 kg/m2, in men there was a 27% higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy compared to women. Cluster 2 in 432 patients (15.4%) with increased function of β-cells, the age of diagnosis of T2DM was older — 52.91±7.75 years, patients had a higher BMI of 35.64±7.21 kg/m2 and more high diastolic blood pressure, earlier development of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and polyneuropathy, and better response to metformin therapy and combined therapy with metformin and sulfonylurea. Cluster 3 in 1370 patients (48.8%) with reduced function of β-cells, the age of diagnosing T2DM was younger — 49.63±8.32 years, patients had a lower BMI of 33.09±6.36 kg/m2 and had longer diabetes, high fasting glucose levels, males were associated with a higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (by 26%) compared with women, the first line of therapy was insulin therapy in 52.8% of patients.

CONCLUSION: The conducted study in T2DM patients with different duration of diabetes confirmed the possibility of using cluster analysis to identify phenotypes of T2DM in the Russian population by five variables (HbA1c, age at the time of diagnosis, BMI, C-peptide, gender). A high incidence of early development of diabetic polyneuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy was revealed in a cluster with increased function of β-cells, male gender was risk factor for diabetic nephropathy and polyneuropathy.
Diabetes mellitus associated with type A insulin resistance
Authors: Sechko E. A. , Kuraeva T. L. , Peterkova V. A. , Laptev D. N.
Published: July 2023

Insulin resistance type A is a monogenic disorder with insulin action defect, observed in females with acanthosis nigricans (AN), hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR) without obesity. We present a family case of diabetes mellitus (DM) with IR in two sisters with obesity and positive family history of DM in three generations. Hyperglycemia was identified at the age of 13 in the older sister and at 11 in the younger sister after COVID-19. Type 2 diabetes (DM2) was diagnosed in mother in the same time with children. Maternal grandmother was diagnosed with DM2 in 58 years old. Patients were examined in 6 months after diagnosis hyperglycemia in Endocrinology Research Centre. The older sister had obesity, AN, and striae distensae. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.2%. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), hyperinsulinemia and IR, hyperandrogenism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), arterial hypertension were diagnosed. The younger sister had obesity, striae distensae. HbA1c — 6.0%. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG), IGT, hyperinsulinemia, IR, NAFLD were diagnosed. Antibodies (AAb) to ZnT8A, IA2, GAD absented in both sisters. A genetic test was provided, a heterozygous mutation in the INSR gene p.V167M was identified in both sisters, mother and grandmother. IR type A was identified in a family with the phenotype of DM2 in this case. This case demonstrated that children with carbohydrate metabolism disorders and obesity without Islet cell autoantibodies have to reffered for a genetic testing. Disordered carbohydrate metabolism was diagnosed in the same time after a COVID-19 in three family members who did not previously have disordered carbohydrate metabolism. We suppose that SARS-CoV-2 can be a trigger for the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in IR type A.
Innovative Property for Innovative Land Policy: Four Normative Principles
Authors: Davy Benjamin
Published: July 2023

Innovative land policy does not yield to the pressure of short-term capital exploitation. Rather, innovative land policy establishes a fair balance between the interests of landowners and the public interest. As a keystone of land policy, property – particularly if open to innovation – plays a vital role in achieving this balance. This commentary explains four normative principles that help design innovative property. Since the four principles derive from long-standing ideas about property in land, the commentary uses a distinctly conservative approach. This approach, however, is quite innovative in the face of the reductionist view of property as a right that only serves the purposes of its owners. According to the first principle, innovative land policy must pay attention to the nexus between private and common property. Under the second principle, property in land must account for the government’s positive duty to provide for adequate land uses for all. The third principle distinguishes between property rights of natural and legal persons: personal property guarantees individual liberty, but corporate property is a social function, not a right at all. The fourth principle reminds of the inseparable bond between property in land and land ethics.
Powered education based on Metaverse: Pre- and post-COVID comprehensive review
Authors: Alfiras M. , Bojiah Janaki , Mohammed M. N. , Ibrahim Firas Mohammed , Ahmed Husham M. , Abdullah Oday I.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, an increasing interest has been in applying the Metaverse to create unique educational settings. This article reports a review of the literature on Metaverse and its application in higher educational settings to understand its definitive features, evolution from ideation to higher educational use cases, accessibility and affordability, ethical issues, current trends, and future research needs for effective and efficient Metaverse application in higher educational settings. A total of 58 publications between 1992 and 2022 retrieved from Google Scholar and other online portals were reviewed. The review was carried out using Nvivo software for qualitative data analysis to identify and extract the main themes from the reviewed papers, which were then organized thematically, discussed, and presented in the current article. The findings from this review provide an overview of the development of the Metaverse and its application in higher education from a pre-Covid and post-Covid perspective. It highlights the current state of research on applications of the Metaverse in higher education and the development of ten Metaversities funded by Meta, formerly Facebook. Furthermore, the article discusses the main concerns around adopting the Metaverse, which is mainly ethical issues such as data privacy, network security, netiquette, digital citizenship, copyright, and policies.
Performance evaluation of a 2.56 Tbps DP-16QAM WDM system under various channel spacings and weather conditions using MIMO configurations
Authors: Jaafar Jaafar Ali , Hadi Wael Abdul Hassan , Sabri Atheer A.
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a 16 × 160 Gbps DP-16QAM-WDM-FSO system with 100 and 25 GHz channel spacing, utilizing coherent detection with digital signal processing to enhance the receiver sensitivity. The system’s performance is evaluated under different climate circumstances, such as dust, rain, and fog. The MIMO technique with 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 configurations are suggested to mitigate weather attenuation effects. Performance metrics, including bit error rate (BER), error vector magnitude (EVM %), quality factor (Q-factor), and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), are utilized to evaluate the system’s performance. Results show that the proposed system increases the maximum transmission distance by 12.67 %–49.33 %, 19.17 %–78.66 %, and 25.68 %–108 % for all weather circumstances when utilizing 2 × 2 MIMO, 4 × 4 MIMO, and 8 × 8 MIMO, respectively. Moreover, while reducing channel spacing improves the system’s spectral efficiency from 1.6 to 6.4 bits/s/Hz, it also degrades the link range and requires an increased OSNR. A performance comparison between our work and related works is also considered in this paper.
Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation Proceeds in Absence of Movement Execution
Authors: Pawlowsky Constance , Thénault François , Bernier Pierre-Michel
Published: July 2023

In implicit sensorimotor adaptation, a mismatch between the predicted and actual sensory feedback results in a sensory prediction error (SPE). Sensory predictions have long been thought to be linked to descending motor commands, implying a necessary contribution of movement execution to adaptation. However, recent work has shown that mere motor imagery (MI) also engages predictive mechanisms, opening up the possibility that MI might be sufficient to drive implicit adaptation. In a within-subject design in humans (n = 30), implicit adaptation was assessed in a center-out reaching task, following a single exposure to a visuomotor rotation. It was hypothesized that performing MI of a reaching movement while being provided with an animation of rotated visual feedback (MI condition) would lead to postrotation biases (PRBs) similar to those observed when the movement is executed (Execution condition). Results revealed that both the MI and Execution conditions led to significant directional biases following rotated trials. Yet the magnitude of these biases was significantly larger in the Execution condition. To further probe the contribution of MI to adaptation, a Control condition was conducted in which participants were presented with the same rotated visual animation as in the MI condition, but in which they were prevented from performing MI. Surprisingly, significant biases were also observed in the Control condition, suggesting that MI per se may not have accounted for adaptation. Overall, these results suggest that implicit adaptation can be partially supported by processes other than those that strictly pertain to generating motor commands, although movement execution does potentiate it.
The Hippocampus Contributes to Temporal Discounting When Delays and Rewards Are Experienced in the Moment
Authors: Patt Virginie M. , Hunsberger Renee , Jones Dominoe A. , Verfaellie Mieke
Published: July 2023

Temporal discounting (TD) represents the mental devaluation of rewards that are available after a delay. Whether the hippocampus is critical for TD remains unclear, with marked discrepancies between animal and human studies: although animals with discrete hippocampal lesions display impaired TD, human participants with similar lesions show intact performance on classic intertemporal choice tasks. A candidate explanation for this discrepancy is that delays and rewards are experienced in the moment in animal studies but tend to be hypothetical in human studies. We tested this hypothesis by examining the performance of amnesic participants with hippocampal lesions (one female, six males) on a novel experiential intertemporal choice task that used interesting photographs occluded by thick lines as rewards (Patt et al., 2021). Using a logistic function to model indifference points data, we compared performance to that on a classic intertemporal choice task with hypothetical outcomes. Participants with hippocampal lesions displayed impaired patterns of choices in the experiential task but not in the hypothetical task. Specifically, hippocampal lesions were associated with decreased amplitude of the delay-reward trade-off, with persistent choice of the delayed option despite delay increase. These results help explain previous discrepancies across animal and human studies, indicating that the hippocampus plays a critical role in temporal discounting when the outcomes of decisions are experienced in the moment, but not necessarily when they are hypothetical.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImpaired temporal discounting (TD) has been related to maladaptive behaviors, including substance dependence and nonadherence to medical treatment. There is consensus that TD recruits the brain valuation network but whether the hippocampal memory system is additionally recruited remains unclear. This study examined TD in hippocampal amnesia, providing a unique opportunity to explore the role of the hippocampus in cognition. Whereas most human studies have used hypothetical outcomes, this study used a novel experiential task with real-time delays and rewards. Results demonstrated hippocampal involvement in the experiential task, but not in a classic hypothetical task administered for comparison. These findings elucidate previous discrepancies between animal and human TD studies. This reconciliation is critical as animals serve as models of human neurocognition.
Lignin modification by epoxidation
Authors: Malutan Theodor , Nicu Raluca , Popa Valentin I.
Published: July 2023

The chemical modification of lignin through hydroxymethylation and epoxidation is a way to develop new application fields and improvement of lignin performances. In this paper the influence of reaction conditions was studied using different samples of unmodified and modified lignins from annual plants (Wheat straw and Sarkanda grass). The progress of reactions was monitored by evaluating the epoxy index. The resulting products were characterized by FTIR-spectra, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. The products obtained were tested to be used in composite formulation for wood applications.
Lignocellulosic biomass: A potential feedstock to replace petroleum
Authors: Lucia Lucian A.
Published: July 2023

Sustainability considerations for product and energy production in a future US economy can be met with lignocellulosic biomass. The age of petroleum as the key resource to meet the US economy requirements is rapidly dwindling, given the limited resources of petroleum, the growing global population, and concurrent detrimental effects on environmental safety. The use of natural and renewable feedstocks such as trees and switchgrass is becoming more attractive; indeed, lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a logical alternative to petroleum in light of looming oil shortages, increases in oil prices, and environmental sustainability considerations. This editorial aims at providing a broad overview of the consider-ations for replacing the US petroleum economy with one based on lignocellulosic biomass.
Das Hauptgebäude der Universität Hamburg als Gedächtnisort
Authors: Lenzen Dieter , Krause Eckart , Recki Birgit , Schröder Ingrid , Donandt Rainer , Reich Karin , Rieter Heinz
Published: July 2023

Am 13. Mai 2011 jährte sich die Einweihung des heutigen Hauptgebäudes der Universität Hamburg an der Edmund-Siemers-Allee zum 100. Mal. Am selben Tag wurde das 1999 begonnene Programm zur Benennung seiner sieben Hörsäle nach herausragenden, in der NS-Zeit vertriebenen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern abgeschlossen. (Die bei dieser Gelegenheit gehaltenen Reden werden in den Hamburger Universitätsreden Neue Folge 18, 100 Jahre Hauptgebäude der Universität Hamburg, dokumentiert.) Aus doppeltem Anlass also erscheint dieses Buch, das neben einer Einführung in die facettenreiche Geschichte des Gebäudes erstmals Porträts der sieben Namensgeber der Hörsäle versammelt: biographische und werkanalytische Annäherungen an den Philosophen Ernst Cassirer, den Kunsthistoriker Erwin Panofsky, die Germanistin Agathe Lasch, den Mathematiker Emil Artin, die Juristin Magdalene Schoch, den Völkerrechtler und Friedensforscher Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy sowie den Sozialökonomen Eduard Heimann. Gemeinsam mit den 2010 vor dem Kuppelbau verlegten „Stolpersteinen“ bilden die Hörsaalbenennungen ein Ensemble, durch welches das Hauptgebäude die Universität Hamburg auch als zentraler Gedächtnisort in besonderer Weise repräsentiert. 
Der Film „BLICK RICHTEN“ vom Medienkompetenzzentrum der Universität Hamburg ist komplementär zum Buch zu betrachten.
Diversity and composition of weed species in a continuously grown maize field treated with selected pre-emergence herbicides
Authors: Takim F.O. , Falola-Olasunkanmi J. , Osatuyi O. , Garuba I.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This study analyses the floristic composition of field weeds recorded at the University of Ilorin Teaching and Research Farm (008° 27’ 23.9’N and 004° 39’ 42.9’E) in the southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria during the 2019 – 2021 growing seasons. The area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall pattern with an average annual rainfall of 1227.85 mm and sandy loam soil (plinthustaffs). The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design and repeated three times in a field that had been continuously maize-cropped for 10 years. Treatments were pre-emergence applications of atrazine, metolachlor, and primextra at the rate of 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 kg a.i.ha-1 and Weedy Check. Maize was sown and maintained using the recommended agronomic practices for ecology. Weed species composition was estimated using four continuous sample quadrats (0.5 m2) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after sowing. The weed flora consisted of 48% broadleaves, grasses 45%, and 7% sedges. Between 2019 and 2021 there was a gradual shift from the predominant annual broadleaves to induced annual grasses and a reduction in the floristic composition of the weed community by approximately 2 – 28%. Fifteen (15) weed species were predominant and the most stable weed species were Richardia scabra, Digitaria horizontalis and Digitaria sanguinalis. This requires finding an ideal weed control option that controls the negative impact of agricultural weeds on crop after yield while maintaining a diverse weed community.
Parameters influencing the fracture of Mo films and their wider significance
Authors: Cordill M. J. , Kreiml P. , Jörg T. , Zak S. , Mitterer C.
Published: July 2023

Fragmentation testing has been used for decades to assess thin film fracture and delamination. Hooke’s law is generally used to determine a film fracture stress from the crack onset strain observed in micrographs or measured as an electrical resistance increase. While this method is in theory suitable in the elastic regime, it neglects important film characteristics, such as residual stress, microstructure, or film architecture. Thus, there is a need to improve fracture analysis using fragmentation to avoid significant errors in measuring fracture stress or apparent fracture toughness of thin films. In-situ X-ray diffraction fragmentation experiments can measure the film fracture stress even for individual layers being part of a multilayer. Which characteristics influence the apparent fracture behavior will be demonstrated on Mo thin films on polyimide.

Graphical abstract
MANFAAT WAKAF TUNAI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI UMMAT
Authors: Ubaidillah M. Hasan
Published: July 2023

Waqf  is part of Islamic economics system development that really potential as one of instrument to empowering economy of Islamic people. waqf  can  include as  jariyah's charitable  wichs is the reward never hangs up, although someone who gives waqf  passed away. To the effect main investment waqf fund  is subject to be optimize asset waqf function as medium to increase life quality and human's resource life. One of kind waqf is cash waqf. Cash waqf as smooth asset. The management cash waqf that professional shall, transparent and gets responsibility. Reliable institutes and criterion pock to bring off cash waqf is Syari's financial institutions . With involve Syariah's financial institution in waqf's management cash, therefore besides productive, waqf will can be invested to various investment type that advantages. Cash waqf constitutes one of sector element voluntary  one that strongest deep Islamic.  Cash waqf also give model mutual fund  via mobilization lents fund tilled immortal through professionalism daring that trust in fund management -the. Forwards, waqf as one of voluntary fund  in Islam will can become owner Islam trust, which is most composes fair society.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP PREFERENSI ANGGOTA DALAM PENGAJUAN PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DI KJKS BMT-MMU CABANG SIDOGIRI PASURUAN
Authors: Fatmah Fatmah , Virdiany Fitri
Published: July 2023

KJKS BMT-MMU Sidogiri Pasuruan is one of financial institutions which done by akad with duniawi and ukhrawi basic, because akad  is done according to Islamic law (Shariah). The goal of this research is to analyze the influence of service quality and promotion to memberâ€™s preference in proposing mudharabah defrayal at KJKS BMT-MMU Branch Sidogiri Pasuruan. Service quality, promotion, and memberâ€™s preference is one union which difficult to be dissociated, because the service quality and promotion which is given to a company has direct effect to memberâ€™s preference.
This research is quantitative research with survey method, the goal of this research is to know the influence of service quality and promotion to memberâ€™s preference in proposing mudhaâ€™arabah defrayal at KJKS BMT-MMU Branch Sidogiri Pasuruan. To know this, it is used double linier analysis regress with F test and t test. The amount of sample n this research is 57 members with determinant sample used purposive sampling technique. The technique of data collection use questionnaire, interview, documentation, and observation, while to test the instrument used validities, reliabilities, and classic assumption test.
Based on the result of the coefficient regress test stimultan (F test) is obtained F count is 2,398 with F table 3,17. Because F count is smaller than F tab;e, therefore it can be said that service quality and promotion have no influence significantly to memberâ€™s preference in proposing mudharabah defrayal. The result of coefficient regress partially (t test) is obtained service quality variable has t count 1,058 and promotion variable has t count 0,956. Both of variables have no influence significantly to memberâ€™s preference in proposing mudharabah defrayal. This matter is shown by t count is smaller that t table (2,000).