bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Intraocular Lens Removal and Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Fixation with Trabeculectomy in a Patient with Dislocated Intraocular Lens and Elevated Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Mano Yuko , Mizobuchi Kei , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Watanabe Akira , Nakano Tadashi
Published: June 2021

A 88-year-old female who was being treated for end-stage pseudoexfoliation syndrome was referred to our hospital for treatment of dislocated intraocular lens (IOL) and the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and in the right eye (RE). At the first visit to our hospital, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.2 in the RE and 0.02 in the left eye (LE). IOP was 47 mm Hg in the RE and 21 mm Hg in the LE. Slit-lamp examination showed no abnormalities in anterior segments and dislocated IOL in the RE. Fundus photograph showed optic disc pallor in both eyes. We performed the combined therapy of flanged intrascleral IOL fixation with the double-needle technique and trabeculectomy. Throughout the follow-up period, BCVA slightly improved from 0.2 to 0.4 in the RE. The angle of tilt of the IOL was 6.6, 7.9, and 8.7° as measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography at 1, 4, and 6 months after the surgery, respectively. The IOP remained less than 10 mm Hg without having to administer any other glaucoma medications. Furthermore, any complications associated with the surgery were not confirmed.
Interferon-Alpha 2-a and Its Dual Effect in Treating Two Diseases (Hepatitis C and Polycythemia Vera)
Authors: Shwaylia Hawraa , Ali Elrazi , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis C and polycythemia vera (PV) co-existence is not rare; it has been reported in the literature. Treatment with interferon (IFN) has been used to treat both conditions; however, the use of IFN in concomitant hepatitis C infection with PV and its outcome are rarely described in the literature. Here, we report a 56-years-old male patient with hepatitis C virus infection and PV, who was treated with IFN for his chronic hepatitis C, which resulted in significant improvement of HB as well as normalization of his bone marrow and eradication of the clone (Jak2 V617F).
A Case Report of Adult-Onset Alexander Disease with a Tumor-Like Lesion in the Lateral Ventricle
Authors: Cai Tongjia , Jing Sisi , Li Ying , Wu Jianjun
Published: June 2021

Adult-onset Alexander disease (AOAD) is an autosomal dominant progressive astrogliopathy caused by pathogenic variants in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Individuals with this disorder often present with a typical neuroradiologic pattern, including frontal white matter abnormality with contrast enhancement, atrophy and signal intensity changes of the medulla oblongata and upper cervical cord on MRI. Focal lesions are rarely seen in AOAD, which causes concern for primary malignancies. This study aimed to present the case of a 37-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with an astrocytoma in the lateral ventricle that was later identified as GFAP mutation-confirmed AOAD. GFAP sequencing revealed a heterogeneous missense mutation point c.236G>A. Hence, AOAD should be considered in patients with tumor-like lesion brain lesion in association with atrophy of medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord, and frontal white matter abnormality with contrast enhancement.
Oxaliplatin-Associated Amaurosis Fugax
Authors: Kubo Kimitoshi , Kimura Noriko , Watanabe Ryosuke , Higashino Masayuki , Tsuda Momoko , Kato Mototsugu
Published: June 2021

Oxaliplatin-associated amaurosis fugax has not been reported, and its clinical course and treatment remain largely unclear. A 70-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer was treated with the SOX regimen. After cycle 1 of oxaliplatin infusion, the patient realized that his right eye had visual field impairment, which he described as darkening of the right half of his visual field and loss of vision lasting about 1 min and occurring about 7 times a day. The daily frequency of this occurrence gradually decreased, and his visual field impairment improved in 1 week. However, as the same symptoms recurred from cycle 2 to cycle 5 of treatment, oxaliplatin was discontinued from cycle 6 and switched to S-1 monotherapy. Subsequently, the patient’s amaurosis fugax improved. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing clinical course and treatment of oxaliplatin-associated amaurosis fugax.
Monocular Visual Field Defect on Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Fast Testing Later Identified as a Highly Incongruous Homonymous Defect on Humphrey 30-2 SITA-Fast Testing
Authors: Yu Caberry W. , Micieli Jonathan A.
Published: June 2021

Monocular visual field defects generally localize at or anterior to the optic chiasm, while homonymous hemianopias localize to the retrochiasmal visual pathway. Highly incongruous visual field defects may be difficult to identify on 24-2 Humphrey visual field testing, and this case demonstrates the value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in rapidly localizing the lesion. A 54-year-old woman was found on routine examination to have an isolated superonasal quadrant visual field defect respecting the vertical meridian in the left eye only on Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Fast testing. She had a remote history of significant head trauma. Visual acuity, anterior segment, and fundus examination were normal. OCT revealed a bow-tie atrophy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the right eye (OD), and binocular homonymous hemi-macular atrophy of OCT GCIPL, confirming the localization was the left retrochiasmal visual pathway. A repeat Humphrey 30-2 SITA-Fast visual field demonstrated that the visual field defect was also present in the OD in a highly incongruous manner. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast showed mild atrophy of the left optic tract. This case demonstrates that highly incongruous visual field defects may be difficult to identify on Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Fast visual fields, and OCT GCIPL serves as a rapid way to localize the lesion. More detailed visual field testing including 30-2 programs should be considered in these cases.
СУЧАСНЕ СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО УЧАСТІ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР У ВИРІШЕННІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛІКУВАННЯ ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ВІД НАСЛІДКІВ АВАРІЇ НА ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКІЙ АТОМНІЙ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЇ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ БОЛЮ У ЦІЄЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ ХВОРИХ
Authors: SHEVCHENKO O.
Published: June 2021

Міжнародна асоціація з вивчення болю (IASP) дає йому таке визначення: це неприємне сенсорне і емоційне переживання, пов'язане з дійсним або потенційним пошкодженням тканини. Біль є однією з найпоширеніших скарг, проте являє собою феномен, найбільш важкий для уточнення. Тривалий час він розглядався виключно як проблема лікаря і пацієнта, проте протягом останнього часу у боротьбі з ним значне місце стали займати  медичні сестри. Для досягнення позитивного ефекту у цьому необхідно користуватись обґрунтованими стандартами та схемами діагностики і лікування.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ХАРЧУВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Chernetska S. I.
Published: June 2021

Ритм сучасного життя молодої людини пред'являє все більше вимог у зв'язку з постійним збільшенням інтенсивності повсякденних навантажень, зростанням обсягу використовуваної інформації, необхідністю швидкої адаптації в умовах хронічного стресового стану (навчання, пошук роботи тощо). На сьогодні якість харчування української молоді за місцем навчання часто не відповідає навіть тим нормативним орієнтирам, які визначені у чинних в Україні нормативно-законодавчих актах. Позитивно на якість харчування студентів впливає відновлення у їдальнях України практики реалізації дієтичних обідів, які за якісними характеристиками суттєво переважають звичайні обіди і сприяють розгортанню лікувально-профілактичної функції їжі.
ПРОФІЛАКТИКА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗУ
Authors: Tymoshchuk T. Y.
Published: June 2021

У статті міститься основні аспекти профілактики туберкульозу: соціальний, санітарний і специфічний. Профілактика туберкульозу посідає важливе місце в комплексі заходів, спрямованих на боротьбу з туберкульозом.
НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ РОЗВИТКУ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОГО РУХУ СЕРЕД СТУДЕНТІВ-МЕДИКІВ
Authors: Rudenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

У статті повідомляється про роботу волонтерської бригади Бердянського медичного коледжу та про необхідність розвитку волонтерського руху серед студентів-медиків.
A continuidade punitiva na história do Brasil: da era colonial à redemocratização
Authors: Campos Larissa Cabelo de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo buscou investigar quais os fatores levaram o Brasil a adotar uma política penal de encarceramento em passa, fazendo-o figurar as primeiras posições entre os países que mais prendem sua população – atualmente com mais de 700 mil indivíduos privados da liberdade.
Buscou-se investigar quais fatores contribuíram para a formação de uma cultura punitiva que levou o Brasil a adotar uma política penal de encarceramento em massa, fazendo-o figurar as primeiras posições entre os países que mais prendem sua população. A análise realizou um levantamento dos processos históricos que culminaram neste cenário, desde a colonização até o período imperial, bem como as duas ditaduras que marcaram o País. Concluiu-se que a construção do pensamento punitivo é um processo de continuidade, que perpassa toda a formação do Estado-nação. Constatou-se, dessa forma, uma divisão história de grupos sociais, em que há um reforço ideológico da separação de indivíduos entre “merecedores” e “não merecedores”.
O papel dos cronistas brasileiros na transformação da imagem da capoeira no início do século XX (1900-1930)
Authors: Aquino Pedro Gabriel Neves de
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como os cronistas brasileiros do início do século XX constroem uma nova imagem sobre a capoeira para a sociedade brasileira entre os anos 1900 e 1930, valorizando-a enquanto esporte em contraposição à imagem negativa que existia previamente sobre a prática, marcada por ideias do racismo científico. Buscando compreender isso, será realizada a análise de crônicas, artigos e guias esportivos produzidos por intelectuais do período, visando expor os argumentos destes intelectuais que buscaram a valorização da capoeira, expondo as transformações que ocorreram no pensamento social brasileiro sobre a prática da capoeira no período, perpassando questões como a manifestação ou apagamento da herança africana da capoeira.

Além disso, a análise busca entender como a capoeira se insere e quais debates apareceram ligados a ela na construção da nacionalidade republicana brasileira em uma sociedade pós-abolição da escravidão marcada por teorias de superioridade racial e as principais disputas argumentativas nesse meio intelectual. Essa construção da imagem da capoeira com valor e destaque na sociedade teve grande influência na formação das primeiras academias formais de capoeira (1932), a descriminalização da prática (1940, oficialmente), sua subsequente transformação em prática esportiva nacional do Brasil (1941) e posterior difusão pelo mundo, marcando fortemente o entendimento de nacionalidade do povo brasileiro. Assim, entender a forma como os círculos letrados do Brasil reconstroem a imagem da capoeira é buscar compreender uma parte da formação da nacionalidade do Brasil.
O Romance Candunga e a sua importância no campo histórico e literário: desvendando traços de reminiscências entorno da Estrada de Ferro de Bragança - PA
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Rafael do Amparo
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem como escopo fazer uma discussão acerca de como foram construídos os traços de reminiscências, cuja construção deu-se no espaço temporal da saudosa Estrada de Ferro de Bragança. Assim, busca-se compreender como as memórias históricas cristalizaram-se por meio do cotidiano desses personagens que compõem o romance, os quais eram migrantes nordestinos, fugidos das elevadas secas do Canindé-Ce, com destino a viverem uma nova etapa da vida nas colônias agrícolas bragantinas. Por conseguinte, o arcabouço teórico-metodológico do presente trabalho pauta-se em uma análise historiográfica do romance ficcional Candunga (1954), de autoria de Bruno de Menezes, tendo em vista que a fonte histórica é o principal pilar de nossa temática. A partir dessa fonte é possível fazer um debate entre História e Literatura presentes na obra analisada. Destarte, espera-se atingir os resultados esperados, começando pela busca da valorização dos trabalhos de autores que escrevem sobre a realidade amazônica, para que haja uma problematização em relação à ausência da produção de trabalhos acadêmicos, que permeiam os diálogos entre História e Literatura numa perspectiva regional. Assim, busca-se compreender como esses escritos são importantes para entender as dinâmicas sociais, políticas, econômicas, culturais, e, também, verificar um processo intenso de migração e colonização na Amazônia nesse recorte histórico da década de 1950.
Controlar as vidas na Monarquia Católica: uma análise histórica da autobiografia de Jerónimo de Pasamonte e do Pasamonte de Cervantes
Authors: Carvalho Erick Caixeta
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo principal analisar a obra autobiográfica Vida y trabajos de Jerónimo de Pasamonte, escrita pelo soldado aragonês Jerónimo de Pasamonte e concluída em 1605, buscando enfatizar aspectos desta que se relacionam com o controle político e religioso que caracterizou o catolicismo tridentino e a Monarquia Hispânica na primeira metade do século XVII. Paralelamente à autobiografia de Pasamonte, a fim de reforçar a linha argumentativa mais ampla que conduz este trabalho, também faremos uma análise histórica de trechos do capítulo XXII do primeiro volume de Dom Quixote, de 1605, por haver neste capítulo a apresentação de um personagem chamado Ginés de Pasamonte, o qual pode ser entendido como uma leitura literária da figura do soldado Jerónimo de Pasamonte, realizada a partir da ótica de Miguel de Cervantes. Servindo-nos de respaldo historiográfico pertinente aos temas abordados, e fazendo uso de metodologia que toma por base a noção de história-problema, pretendemos demonstrar que a vida do soldado Pasamonte e o capítulo XXII de Dom Quixote são expressões de um mundo marcado pelo controle imperial exercido por intermédio de aparatos burocráticos, no que diz respeito à Monarquia Hispânica, e pelo controle das consciências, no âmbito do catolicismo tridentino.
A Quarta Cruzada e a identidade cristã: a abordagem pós-colonial de George E. Demacopoulos.
Authors: Vicente Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: June 2021

A presente resenha aborda a obra  Colonizing Christianity. Greek and Latin Religious Identity in the Era of the Fourth Crusade de Geroge E. Demacopoulos e a sua abordagem pós-colonial.
Activation of the ATF6 (Activating Transcription Factor 6) Signaling Pathway in Neurons Improves Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Mice
Authors: Shen Yuntian , Li Ran , Yu Shu , Zhao Qiang , Wang Zhuoran , Sheng Huaxin , Yang Wei
Published: June 2021

Background

Ischemia/reperfusion injury impairs proteostasis, and triggers adaptive cellular responses, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which functions to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. After cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation, the UPR is activated in various organs including the brain. However, the role of the UPR in CA has remained largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate effects of activation of the ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) UPR branch in CA.

Methods and Results

Conditional and inducible sATF6‐KI (short‐form ATF6 knock‐in) mice and a selective ATF6 pathway activator 147 were used. CA was induced in mice by KCl injection, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We first found that neurologic function was significantly improved, and neuronal damage was mitigated after the ATF6 pathway was activated in neurons of sATF6‐KI mice subjected to CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further RNA sequencing analysis indicated that such beneficial effects were likely attributable to increased expression of pro‐proteostatic genes regulated by ATF6. Especially, key components of the endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation process, which clears potentially toxic unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, were upregulated in the sATF6‐KI brain. Accordingly, the CA‐induced increase in K48‐linked polyubiquitin in the brain was higher in sATF6‐KI mice relative to control mice. Finally, CA outcome, including the survival rate, was significantly improved in mice treated with compound 147.

Conclusions

This is the first experimental study to determine the role of the ATF6 UPR branch in CA outcome. Our data indicate that the ATF6 UPR branch is a prosurvival pathway and may be considered as a therapeutic target for CA.
Taxonomic review of the genus Sicciaemorpha van Eecke (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), with descriptions of six new species from Malaysia and the Philippines
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL
Published: June 2021

Six new species of the genus Sicciaemorpha van Eecke, 1920 which was previously considered to be monotypic are described: S. yumun sp. n. (Malaysia: northern Borneo Island), S. langgona sp. n. (the Philippines: Mindanao Island), S. nebulibia sp. n. (the Philippines: Luzon Island), S. pleiadina sp. n. (the Philippines: Mindanao Island), S. danepan sp. n. (the Philippines: Mindanao Island), and S. reducta sp. n. (the Philippines: Mindanao Island). Lectotype is designated for the type species of the genus, Sicciaemorpha ivyalba van Eecke, 1920. Adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated.
Effect of pre-corrosion on the fatigue fracture behavior of ER8 wheel steel
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Wang Yu , Han Jing , Zeng Wei , Zhang Xuemei , Dai Guangze , Xu Zhongxuan
Published: June 2021

The salt spray pre-corrosion test was carried on the fatigue specimens of ER8 wheel steel, and then fatigue experiment with a stress ratio (R) of 0.1 was conducted. The fractures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that pre-corrosion significantly
reduces the fatigue limit of the rim material, the main crack-induced fracture mechanism occurs under pre-corrosion conditions for 6 h at a lower stress, and the fracture mechanism of multi-crack interactions occurs at a higher stress after pre-corrosion for 48 h. For pre-corrosion fatigue
test, cracks originate from pitting pits. Then, multiple fatigue crack nucleations expand from different orientations in the transgranular fracture mode, forming cleavage facets.
Effects of helium implantation fluence on the crystal-ion-slicing fabrication of Y-cut lithium niobate film
Authors: Wan Limin , Luo Wenbo , Yuan Ye , Zhang Kaisheng , Huang Shitian , Qiao Shijun , Pan Xinqiang , Chuangui Wu
Published: June 2021

In the present work, the contribution of Helium implantation fluence on the Crystal-Ion-Slicing fabrication (CIS) of Y-cut LiNbO3 film were systematically investigated. Y-cut Lithium niobate (LN) thin films with a submicron thickness on the Y-cut LN substrates were successfully
fabricated by CIS technique by employing He implantation. By varying the implantation fluence, the structure evolution of the LN exfoliation layer was systematically investigated by Rutherford backscattering/channeling (RBS/C), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, as well as Atomic
Force Microscopy (AFM). Upon gradually increasing the implantation fluence from 1.0 x 1016 to 4.0 x 1016 cm-2, the lattice damage together with the tensile strain in the as-implanted LN becomes intensive according to the Raman spectroscopy investigations. In
addition to the crystalline quality, the root mean square roughness becomes 1.4 nm upon increasing fluence till 4.0 x 1016 cm-2. The blistering threshold fluence for Y-cut LN is found to be between 1.0 x 1016 and 2.0 x 1016 cm-2, and the
Arrhenius plot of the blistering time as a function of reciprocal temperature shows that the activation of blistering is 2.14 eV, 1.77 eV and 1.44 eV for samples under fluence of 2.0 x 1016, 3.0x 1016 and 4.0 x 1016 cm-2, respectively. Our experimental
results unambiguously contribute to exploring the avenue of achieving high-quality layer, particularly highly anisotropic ones, by CIS techniques.
Preparation of gallic acid-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound and study on its effect mechanism on Escherichia coli in vitro
Authors: Fan Gaofu , Yu Zhiguo , Tang Jie , Dai Ruomeng , Xu Zhenguo
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the preparation process of gallic acid-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound and to study its antibacterial effect in vitro. Orthogonal test was used to screen the preparation method of the compound. The microscopic
appearance of the compound was observed by microscope, and the solubility of the compound was detected by the dissolution method. The antibacterial activity of the compound was measured by the Oxford cup method. Under the transmission electron microscope, the microstructure of the cells and
the intracellular ultrastructure changes were observed. The results showed that when the molar ratio of gallic acid and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion was 1:1, the ethanol concentration was 80%, the inclusion temperature was 30 °C, and the inclusion time was 0.5 h,
the inclusion effect was the best with an inclusion rate of 99.45%; the solubility of gallic acid before the inclusion was (6.515 ±0.55) mg/mL, while after the inclusion, the solubility increased by more than 100 times to (710.048 ±1.08) mg/mL; gallic acid-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
inclusion compound could dissolve and destroy the cell membrane of Escherichia coli. The preparation process of gallic acid-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound was stable and feasible, and there was a good inclusion effect. After the inclusion, the solubility
of gallic acid increased significantly; the prepared inclusion compound could inhibit the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli by destroying the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, which could provide data support for the application and development of gallic acid.
Book review: Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (Eds.), Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves
Authors: Nidumolu Sai Sri Vidya Vaishnavi
Published: June 2021

Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (Eds.), Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves. Routledge Taylor Francis Group, 2020, 310 pp. ₹1,271. ISBN 9781138558533.
Modeling adaptive drug resistance of colorectal cancer and therapeutic interventions with tumor spheroids
Authors: Lamichhane Astha , Thakuri Pradip Shahi , Rafsanjani Nejad Pouria , Tavana Hossein
Published: June 2021

Drug resistance is a major barrier against successful treatments of cancer patients. Various intrinsic mechanisms and adaptive responses of tumor cells to cancer drugs often lead to failure of treatments and tumor relapse. Understanding mechanisms of cancer drug resistance is critical to develop effective treatments with sustained anti-tumor effects. Three-dimensional cultures of cancer cells known as spheroids present a biologically relevant model of avascular tumors and have been increasingly incorporated in tumor biology and cancer drug discovery studies. In this review, we discuss several recent studies from our group that utilized colorectal tumor spheroids to investigate responses of cancer cells to cytotoxic and molecularly targeted drugs and uncover mechanisms of drug resistance. We highlight our findings from both short-term, one-time treatments and long-term, cyclic treatments of tumor spheroids and discuss mechanisms of adaptation of cancer cells to the treatments. Guided by mechanisms of resistance, we demonstrate the feasibility of designing specific drug combinations to effectively block growth and resistance of cancer cells in spheroid cultures. Finally, we conclude with our perspectives on the utility of three-dimensional tumor models and their shortcomings and advantages for phenotypic and mechanistic studies of cancer drug resistance.
Regenerative and stem cell-based techniques for facial rejuvenation
Authors: Crowley J Sarah , Liu Amy , Dobke Marek
Published: June 2021

This review discusses the most novel ideas and modalities being incorporated into facial rejuvenation. Recent innovative techniques include the use of regenerative stem cell techniques and regeneration supportive modalities such as nano-technology or gene therapies. This review aims to investigate approaches that are less well known and lacking established evidence in order to proactively study these techniques prior to them becoming popularized. These applications and relevant research were reviewed in the context of both surgical and non-surgical modalities in clinical practice. Future directions include the concept of “precision cosmetic medicine” utilizing gene editing and cellular therapies to tailor rejuvenation techniques based on each individual’s genetic make-up and therefore needs.
Genome analysis to decipher syntrophy in the bacterial consortium ‘SCP’ for azo dye degradation
Authors: Nanjani Sandhya , Paul Dhiraj , Keharia Hareshkumar
Published: June 2021

Background

A bacterial consortium SCP comprising three bacterial members, viz. Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila APG1, Pseudomonas stutzeri APG2 and Cellulomonas sp. APG4 was developed for degradation of the mono-azo dye, Reactive Blue 28. The genomic analysis of each member of the SCP consortium was done to elucidate the catabolic potential and role of the individual organism in dye degradation.

Results

The genes for glycerol utilization were detected in the genomes of APG2 and APG4, which corroborated with their ability to grow on a minimal medium containing glycerol as the sole co-substrate. The genes for azoreductase were identified in the genomes of APG2 and APG4, while no such trait could be determined in APG1. In addition to co-substrate oxidation and dye reduction, several other cellular functions like chemotaxis, signal transduction, stress-tolerance, repair mechanisms, aromatic degradation, and copper tolerance associated with dye degradation were also annotated. A model for azo dye degradation is postulated, representing the predominant role of APG4 and APG2 in dye metabolism while suggesting an accessory role of APG1.

Conclusions

This exploratory study is the first-ever attempt to divulge the genetic basis of azo-dye co-metabolism by cross-genome comparisons and can be harnessed as an example for demonstrating microbial syntrophy.
Decreasing leakage during continuous femoral nerve catheter fixation using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Dermabond®): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chalacheewa Theerawat , Arnuntasupakul Vanlapa , Sangkum Lisa , Buachai Rungrawan , Chanvitayapongs Jiravud
Published: June 2021

Background

Continuous peripheral nerve catheters (CPNCs) have been used for postoperative pain relief. A common problem encountered with CPNCs is pericatheter leakage, which can lead to dressing adhesive failure. Frequent dressing changes increase the risk of catheter dislodgement and infections. Adhesive glue is effective in securing the peripheral nerve catheter and decreasing leakage around the catheter insertion site. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of pericatheter leakage with fixation using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Dermabond®) as compared to sterile strips.

Methods

Thirty patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with continuous femoral nerve catheter for postoperative analgesia were randomized into the catheter fixation with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Dermabond®) group or the sterile strip group. The primary outcome was the incidence of pericatheter leakage. Secondary outcomes included the frequent of catheter displacement, the difficulty of catheter removal, pain score and patient satisfaction.

Results

The incidence of pericatheter leakage at 24 and 48 h was 0% versus 93 and 0% versus 100% in the Dermabond®and sterile strip groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The incidence of displacement at 24 and 48 h was 6.7% versus 93.3 and 6.7% versus 100% in the Dermabond® and sterile strip, respectively (P < 0.001). There was no difference in numeric rating scale, difficulty of catheter removal, or satisfaction scores between groups.

Conclusions

Catheter fixation with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue (Dermabond®) decreased the incidence of pericatheter leakage, as well as catheter displacement, over 48 h as compared to sterile strip fixation.

Trial registration

This trial was registered on Thai clinical trial registry:TCTR20200228002, registered 24 February 2020- Retrospectively registered.
Five metastasis-related mRNAs signature predicting the survival of patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Yan Qun , Qiu Shi Xiang , Li Ya , Yu Ning Jun , Liu Kang , Zhong Li Ming
Published: June 2021

Backgrounds

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors, of which prognosis is unsatisfactory in most cases and metastatic of HCC often results in poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to construct a metastasis- related mRNAs prognostic model to increase the accuracy of prediction of HCC prognosis.

Methods

Three hundred seventy-four HCC samples and 50 normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, involving transcriptomic and clinical data. Metastatic-related genes were acquired from HCMBD website at the same time. Two hundred thirty-three samples were randomly divided into train dataset and test dataset with a proportion of 1:1 by using caret package in R. Kaplan-Meier method and univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis were performed to obtain metastasis-related mRNAs which played significant roles in prognosis. Then, using multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic prediction model was established. Transcriptome and clinical data were combined to construct a prognostic model and a nomogram for OS evaluation. Functional enrichment in high- and low-risk groups were also analyzed by GSEA. An entire set based on The International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC) database was also applied to verify the model. The expression levels of SLC2A1, CDCA8, ATG10 and HOXD9 are higher in tumor samples and lower in normal tissue samples. The expression of TPM1 in clinical sample tissues is just the opposite.

Results

One thousand eight hundred ninety-five metastasis-related mRNAs were screened and 6 mRNAs were associated with prognosis. The overall survival (OS)-related prognostic model based on 5 MRGs (TPM1,SLC2A1, CDCA8, ATG10 and HOXD9) was significantly stratified HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups. The AUC values of the 5-gene prognostic signature at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 0.786,0.786 and 0.777. A risk score based on the signature was a significantly independent prognostic factor (HR = 1.434; 95%CI = 1.275–1.612; P < 0.001) for HCC patients. A nomogram which incorporated the 5-gene signature and clinical features was also built for prognostic prediction. GSEA results that low- and high-risk group had an obviously difference in part of pathways. The value of this model was validated in test dataset and ICGC database.

Conclusion

Metastasis-related mRNAs prognostic model was verified that it had a predictable value on the prognosis of HCC, which could be helpful for gene targeted therapy.
Hybrid ileal pouch with concomitant anti-refluxing and refluxing ureteroileal anastomosis
Authors: Choi Se Young , Lim Bumjin , Chi Byung Hoon , Kim Jung Hoon , Lee Wonchul , You Dalsan , Kim Choung-Soo
Published: June 2021

Purpose

We report our preliminary experience of using a hybrid ileal pouch, assessing oncologic outcomes, complications, voiding, and renal function.

Methods

The study included 25 patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy with a hybrid ileal pouch with concomitant anti-refluxing and refluxing anastomosis, performed by a single surgeon. The patients were divided into two groups (first and last cases) according to the surgery date. Postoperative complications, separate renal function by renal scan, voiding function by uroflowmetry with residual urine, and oncologic outcomes were assessed.

Results

The surgery duration was shorter in the last cases than the first cases. The voiding volume increased with time. There were 23 cases of grade 3 complication in 12 patients and one case of grade 4 complication (sepsis). In the first cases, ureterovesical stenosis occurred in five cases, whereas in the last cases, there were no cases of stenosis. In separate renal function, there was no difference between the left and right side or between the first and last cases.

Conclusions

The hybrid ileal pouch showed acceptable oncologic and functional outcomes and complications; therefore, it can be used according to the appropriate surgical situation with a relatively short bowel segment during neobladder construction.
Inflammatory signaling mechanisms in bipolar disorder
Authors: Jones Gregory H. , Vecera Courtney M. , Pinjari Omar F. , Machado-Vieira Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease, and likely explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses seen in this population. While individual systems have been intensely studied and targeted, a relative paucity of attention has been given to the interconnecting role of inflammatory signals therein. This review presents an updated overview of some of the most prominent pathophysiologic mechanisms in bipolar disorder, from mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticular, and calcium homeostasis, to purinergic, kynurenic, and hormonal/neurotransmitter signaling, showing inflammation to act as a powerful nexus between these systems. Several areas with a high degree of mechanistic convergence within this paradigm are highlighted to present promising future targets for therapeutic development and screening.
Downregulation of decidual SKP2 is associated with human recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Lv Shijian , Liu Mei , Xu Lizhen , Zhang Cong
Published: June 2021

Background

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a very frustrating problem for both couples and clinicians. To date, the etiology of RM remains poorly understood. Decidualization plays a critical role in implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy, and its deficiency is closely correlated with RM. The F-box protein S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a key component of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is critically involved in ErbB family-induced Akt ubiquitination, aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis. SKP2 is pivotal for reproduction, and SKP2-deficient mice show impaired ovarian development and reduced fertility.

Methods

Here, we investigated the expression and function of SKP2 in human decidualization and its relation with RM. A total of 40 decidual samples were collected. Quantitative PCR analysis, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to analyze the differential expression of SKP2 between RM and control cells. For in vitro induction of decidualization, both HESCs (human endometrial stromal cells) cell line and primary ESCs (endometrial stromal cells) were used to analyze the effects of SKP2 on decidualization via siRNA transfection.

Results

Compared to normal pregnant women, the expression of SKP2 was reduced in the decidual tissues from individuals with RM. After in vitro induction of decidualization, knockdown of SKP2 apparently attenuated the decidualization of HESCs and resulted in the downregulation of HOXA10 and FOXM1, which are essential for normal human decidualization. Moreover, our experiments demonstrated that SKP2 silencing reduced the expression of its downstream target GLUT1.

Conclusions

Our study indicates a functional role of SKP2 in RM: downregulation of SKP2 in RM leads to impaired decidualization and downregulation of GLUT1 and consequently predisposes individuals to RM.
Trophectoderm biopsy of blastocysts for a preimplantation genetic test does not affect serum β-hCG levels in early pregnancy: a study using propensity score matching
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Ying Ying , Cao Mingzhu , Liu Jianqiao , Liu Haiying
Published: June 2021

Background

Although preimplantation genetic test (PGT) has been used worldwide, few studies investigated the effect of trophectoderm biopsy of blastocysts on early embryo development. This study aimed to investigate whether trophectoderm (TE) biopsy of blastocysts for a PGT affected serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels 14 days after transfer.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The study population comprised pregnant women undergoing the transfer of single vitrified-warmed blastocysts after PGT between January 1, 2018, and July 30, 2020. The control group had non-PGT cycles with other inclusion criteria identical to those for the study group. Propensity score matching was used to screen a group of patients so that the baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Serum β-hCG levels were compared between the PGT and non-PGT cycles. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of PGT on serum β-hCG levels, while receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) were plotted to predict pregnancy outcomes using serum β-hCG levels.

Results

Serum β-hCG levels were comparable between the PGT and non-PGT patients: live birth: 2503 ± 1702 mIU/mL vs 2266 ± 1289 mIU/mL (P = 0.219); clinical pregnancy: 2261 ± 1564 mIU/mL vs 2148 ± 1348 mIU/mL (P = 0.461); and ongoing pregnancy: 2412 ± 1589 mIU/mL vs 2278 ± 1308 mIU/mL (P = 0.422). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated no impact of PGT on the serum β-hCG level (standardized coefficient = − 0.001, P = 0.989). For clinical pregnancy, the cutoff value was 482 mIU/mL and 302 mIU/mL for PGT and non-PGT patients, respectively. The threshold to predict live birth was 1345 mIU/mL and 1621 mIU/mL in the PGT and non-PGT cycles, respectively.

Conclusion

Trophectoderm biopsy of blastocysts for PGT did not affect the serum β-hCG level 14 days after transfer.
Essential Package of Palliative Care for Women With Cervical Cancer: Responding to the Suffering of a Highly Vulnerable Population
Authors: Krakauer Eric L. , Kane Khadidjatou , Kwete Xiaoxiao , Afshan Gauhar , Bazzett-Matabele Lisa , Ruthnie Bien-Aimé Danta Dona , Borges Lawrence F. , Byrne-Martelli Sarah , Connor Stephen , Correa Raimundo , Devi C. R. Beena , Diop Mamadou , Elmore Shekinah N. , Gafer Nahla , Goodman Annekathryn , Grover Surbhi , Hasenburg Annette , Irwin Kelly , Kamdar Mihir , Kumar Suresh , Truong Quynh Xuan Nguyen , Randall Tom , Rassouli Maryam , Sessa Cristiana , Spence Dingle , Trimble Ted , Varghese Cherian , Fidarova Elena
Published: June 2021

Women with cervical cancer, especially those with advanced disease, appear to experience suffering that is more prevalent, complex, and severe than that caused by other cancers and serious illnesses, and approximately 85% live in low- and middle-income countries where palliative care is rarely accessible. To respond to the highly prevalent and extreme suffering in this vulnerable population, we convened a group of experienced experts in all aspects of care for women with cervical cancer, and from countries of all income levels, to create an essential package of palliative care for cervical cancer (EPPCCC). The EPPCCC consists of a set of interventions, medicines, simple equipment, social supports, and human resources, and is designed to be safe and effective for preventing and relieving all types of suffering associated with cervical cancer. It includes only inexpensive and readily available medicines and equipment, and its use requires only basic training. Thus, the EPPCCC can and should be made accessible everywhere, including for the rural poor. We provide guidance for integrating the EPPCCC into gynecologic and oncologic care at all levels of health care systems, and into primary care, in countries of all income levels.
Reading in the Age of Compression
Authors: Koepnick Lutz
Published: June 2021

Compression is often considered a royal road to process data in ever-shorter time and to cater to our desire to outspeed the accelerating transmission of information in the digital age. This article explores how different techniques of accelerated text dissemination and reading, such as consonant writing, speed-reading apps, and the PDF file format, borrow from the language of compression yet, precisely in so doing, obscure the constitutive multilayered temporality of reading and the embodied role of the reader. While discussing different methods aspiring to compress textual objects and processes of reading, the author illuminates hidden assumptions that accompany the rhetoric of text compression and compressed reading.
Reading Times: Temporalities and Time Work in Current Everyday Reading Practices
Authors: Dalsgård Anne Line
Published: June 2021

Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's observation that practice is not in time but makes time and Michael Flaherty's concept of time work, this article explores temporal aspects of the use of literature in contemporary Denmark and describes how reading allows readers to manipulate their experience of time. The main part of the article focuses on cultural norms and readers’ expectations in relation to reading time, while the last, shorter part discusses the structuring temporal effects of a literary text, such as presence, narrative, and endings. The article concludes that time is not just a practical issue to consider (when and where to read), or just something to work on through reading (e.g., changing a boring time into flow time). Texts also affect the readers’ sense of time; that is, agency lies in the literature read as well as the reader. The empirical data are drawn from extensive ethnographic fieldwork (mainly qualitative interviews) in different social and geographical contexts in Denmark from 2014 to 2019. The article contributes to empirical reading studies by exploring everyday reading as a practice in and of time.
What Is Just Translation?
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: June 2021

This article summarizes a broader project on “just translation” that attempts to rethink translation in the framework of Western philosophies of right, Sittlichkeit (ethical norms, customs, practices), and theories of justice (Plato, Hegel, Rawls), as well as of recent work on “postcolonial justice” that negotiates the collision between the drive toward universality and the normative, on the one hand, and the drive toward difference, on the other. Devising a critical approach that “does justice” to the nuances of words associated with adjudication in all the world's languages is the larger aspiration. But given practical limitations, this means scaling down to select terms and cases that signal translational injustice under conditions of violence and legal disputation. These conditions include gender violence and sexual safety across languages, the untranslatability of terms like refugee and migrant, the fraught vocabulary of settlement and unsettlement (involving the translation of terms like indigeneity, occupation, detention zone, and camp), shibboleth tests and the foreclosure of the right to residency (which amounts to the passporting of speech), and the multilingual scripts of biopolitical surveillance and patrol relied on in forcible-entry raids, stop and frisk, and executions of orders to “report and deport.”
The Museum, the Colony, and the Planet: Territories of the Imperial Imagination
Authors: Appadurai Arjun
Published: June 2021

The primary argument of this essay is that the modern Western museum form is a critical site in which to understand the five centuries in which Europe dominated much of the rest of the world. In this imperial epoch, the world was shrunk to the museum and the museum was expanded to represent the colonized world, and nonhuman objects and human subjects were trafficked in connected ways. Now that we may be entering a planetary epoch, and the beginning of the end of globalization, there is an opportunity to build a new way to collect, curate, display, and circulate material forms outside the empire of the modernist museum.
The Ultimate Sanqu Song: Yao Shouzhong's “The Complaint of the Ox” and Its Place in Tanaka Kenji's Scholarship on Sanqu
Authors: Idema Wilt L.
Published: June 2021

Starting from a discussion of Yao Shouzhong's sanqu suite “The Complaint of the Ox,” in which the slaughtered animal lays its plaint before King Yama, this article calls attention to the scholarship on sanqu of the Japanese scholar Tanaka Kenji (1912–2002) of the 1950s and 1960s, which culminated in his 1969 article “Gendai sankyoku no kenkyū” (A Study of the Sanqu Songs of the Yuan Period). In this long and highly original article, Tanaka first traced the origin of sanqu back to the tradition of vernacular ci of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries that resulted in the detailed description of daily life, including its less pleasant aspects. He next noted how sanqu, through impersonation, transformed the tradition of yongwu poetry by allowing the objects of description to speak in their own voice. Seeing the true originality of the genre in the combination of these two developments, Tanaka hailed Yao Shouzhong's work and some comparable texts as the genre's culminating achievement.
A Flavor All Its Own: Some Theoretical Considerations on Sanqu Songs as Mixed-Register Literature
Authors: Sieber Patricia
Published: June 2021

This article proposes a new typology of the sanqu corpus. The discussion analyzes a cross section of sanqu songs in terms of how they engaged with language registers, on the one hand, and how they recontextualized existing motifs and media, on the other. Specifically, the article focuses on three subsets of songs: songs that foreground everyday vignettes, songs that celebrate festive occasions at court, and songs that revisit the exemplars of Chinese literature, history, and religion. The article suggests that everyday songs and court-oriented songs prized the aesthetic of immediacy, while certain mixed-register songs more explicitly exhibited differently oriented signs of hypermediacy.
Exercise Is Key to Sustaining Metabolic Gains After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Gualano Bruno , Kirwan John P. , Roschel Hamilton
Published: June 2021

The extent to which the benefits of bariatric surgery may be maintained by lifestyle changes after surgery is unclear. Our hypothesis is that exercise may sustain some metabolic benefits and counteract some of the adverse effects of surgery. In this review, we present findings supporting the proposition that exercise is key to improving overall health in patients after bariatric surgery.
A picture is worth a thousand words: a history of diagnostic imaging for lymphoma
Authors: Wijetunga N Ari , Imber Brandon Stuart , Caravelli James F , Mikhaeel N George , Yahalom Joachim
Published: June 2021

The journey from early drawings of Thomas Hodgkin’s patients to deep learning with radiomics in lymphoma has taken nearly 200 years, and in many ways, it parallels the journey of medicine. By tracing the history of imaging in clinical lymphoma practice, we can better understand the motivations for current imaging practices. The earliest imaging modalities of the 2D era each had varied, site-dependent sensitivity, and the improved accuracy of imaging studies allowed new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. First, we review the initial imaging technologies that were applied to understand lymphoma spread and achieve practical guidance for the earliest lymphoma treatments. Next, in the 3D era, we describe how anatomical imaging advances replaced and complemented conventional modalities. Afterward, we discuss how the PET era scans were used to understand response of tumors to treatment and risk stratification. Finally, we discuss the emergence of radiomics as a promising area of research in personalized medicine. We are now able to identify involved lymph nodes and body sites both before and after treatment to offer patients improved treatment outcomes. As imaging methods continue to improve sensitivity, we will be able to use personalized medicine approaches to give targeted and highly focused therapies at even earlier time points, and ideally, we can obtain long-term disease control and cures for lymphomas.