bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of two-dimensional irregular bin packing problem considering slit distance and free rotation of pieces
Authors: Wang Zi , Chang Daofang , Man Xingyu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we present a two-dimensional irregular bin packing problem (2DIBPP) that takes into account the slit distance and allows the pieces to rotate freely. The target is to arrange a specified collection of pieces with irregular shapes into a minimal number of bins. Firstly, we develop a mathematical model for the 2DIBPP that considers slit distance and free rotation of the pieces, and an equidistant edge expansion approach is then proposed to handle the slit distance. Secondly, a two-stage method is implemented to get a finite collection of promising rotation angles, effectively decreasing the search neighbourhood. Thirdly, we decompose the 2DIBPP into two sub-problems: piece assignment and packing. The Partial Bin Packing (PBP) strategy is employed in the allocation stage, and we adopt an overlap minimization method to pack the pieces into an individual bin. Finally, we use a local search (LS) algorithm to advance the quality of the solutions by adjusting the piece assignment across bins. Experimental evidence exhibits that our approach is competitive in most instances of the literature, with four better results in five benchmark instances.
Estado social de derecho, ¿aplicación discrecional?
Authors: Rueda Vásquez José Miguel , Molina Gómez Julián R. , Cubillos Ruiz Álvaro
Published: August 2022

La evolución de los modelos de organización humana ha permitido el surgimiento de modernas estructuras estatales que, para el caso colombiano, se cristalizan en el Estado social de derecho adoptado en la Constitución Política de 1991. Este modelo de Estado busca la garantía real y efectiva de los preceptos constitucionales a partir de, entre otros, el rol del juez constitucional como garante judicial de la Constitución, sus derechos y principios. Los jueces usan su discrecionalidad para superar las ambigüedades, vaguedades, antinomias o cualquier otro conflicto presente en el sistema jurídico colombiano con el fin de tomar la mejor decisión posible conforme a los preceptos constitucionales. A la luz de este importante rol del juez, y de su facultad discrecional, en el presente escrito se estudiarán dos sentencias de unificación de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, en las que se determinará si la Corte aplicó incorrectamente el Estado social de derecho, ello en el marco del presunto ejercicio discrecional realizado por el administrador de justicia. Lo dicho se desarrollará a través de una metodología dogmática con la que se analizarán las decisiones escogidas, junto con fuentes normativas, jurisprudenciales y doctrinarias para determinar si, en los casos de estudio, se tomaron decisiones contrarias a los principios derivados del texto constitucional colombiano como consecuencia de un ina-decuado uso de la discrecionalidad, específicamente como consecuencia de la errada aplicación de la cláusula del Estado social de derecho.
A new crotamine-like from the rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus cumanensis) venom causing damages: Qualitative and Quantitative Cytotoxic Studies on subcellular and neuromuscular structures
Authors: García Estefanie , José Finol Hector , González Roschman , Rodríguez-Acosta Alexis
Published: August 2022

A quantitative model to expose the adrenal gland sub-cellular alterations produced by crotamine-like (C-L) from rattlesnake venom during 3, 6 and 24 hours (h), and also qualitative changes on mice neuromuscular structures in vivo were observed and calculated by transmission electron microscopy. A pure crotamine-like (C-L) isoform was obtained using a cationic exchange chromatography column from the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom. The C-L SDS-PAGE (15.5 %) under non-reduced conditions exhibited a molecular mass of ~3 kDa single band. The C-L in vivo qualitative experiments induced ultrastructural changes in mouse neuromuscular structures at 3, 6 and 24 h, such as reduction in the number of acetylcholine vesicles, disorganisation of the secondary synaptic clefts, enlargement of the sub-sarcolemma space and alteration of the mitochondria morphology, number and cristae. Regarding neurotoxic actions in vivo, the animals injected with C-L presented spastic paralysis of the hind limbs. The quantitative alterations studied on the capillaries, the nucleus, the mitochondria the lipid inclusions, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were observed from 3 to 24 h after C-L injection. As far as it is known from the literature review, there are no quantitative records of similar sub-cellular alterations caused by crotamine.
Ability of Eichhornia crassipes L. to absorb nickel from polluted water flowing into the Kufa River
Authors: Alkindi Eman Sajad Kamil , Sharba Furqan Yahya Jawad
Published: August 2022

The current study was conducted on the Eichhornia crassipes plant after collecting it, from the Ghazi River, one of the water channels branching from the Najaf Sea in the city of Najaf Al-Ashraf to reveal about its ability to absorb existing Nickel in the contaminated water of the Kufa River. The plant was dosed weekly with 7.1 mg/L of Nickel for 21 days after acclimatization plant in laboratory using plastic basins (10 L capacity) of equal dimensions, and accumulated inside its tissues when compared with control basins where, the concentration of Nickel in the roots was 0.59 mg/kg and in the leaves 0.32 mg/kg.As for the percentage of removal of Nickel mineral from water, the results showed the ability of E.crassipes to absorb Nickel to 99.4% of the total concentration it, in water. Then, the removal rate gradually decreased at the end of the experiment as a result of continuous bioaccumulation within its tissues until the Nickel absorption rate decreased to 94.4% of the total concentration. This leads us to the hypothesis that the E.crassipes has a high Nickel absorption capacity in the first days and gradually decreases as the element continues to accumulate inside the tissues of the plant.
E-learning competencies among preparatory stage physics teachers
Authors: Al-Jobory Huda Hamad Abd , Al-Mousawi Mohsen Tahir Muslim
Published: August 2022

The current research aims to identify: (E-learning competencies among  preparatory stage physics teachers ).The descriptive research method was used, and the research community was identified in the preparatory and secondary government day schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Babylon for the academic year 2021-2022 AD. The research sample included (300) male and female teachers, whom were chosen randomly among other (858) male and female teachers of the research community. The researcher prepared a tool to achieve the goal of the research , the measure of e-learning competencies in its final form, which has a number of (60) items , and the face validity of the study tool and its Reliability was verified in appropriate ways.The research tool was applied in the academic year( 2021-2022 ) and after using the T-test equation  for one  sample to know the significance of the differences between the arithmetic average and the  hypothetical average, it appeared that the  calculated  T-value is (3,71) greater than   the   tabular T-value of (1.65) at the significance level (0.05) and the degree of freedom(298), there is a statistically significant difference, and the following results were reached: - Physics teachers have a high level of e-learning competencies.
effects of the overlapping waves strategy in attained organizational excellence
Authors: Jamal Dina Hamid , Abd Dalya Khaled
Published: August 2022

The current study aims to clarify, clarify relationship between overlapping waves strategy (WS), as an independent variable in organizational excellence(OE) as a responsive variable, in community of Iraqi Tourism Authority with research variables and their dimensions. first variable included ( sub-dimensions (strategic orientation, genius leadership (GL), future management, knowledge leadership). second variable included four sub-dimensions (leadership excellence(LE), strategic excellence(SE), human resources excellence, operations and services excellence(SE), these variables interacted to form the general framework around which study problem revolves, which revolved around nature of relationship, influence in each of waves’ strategy intertwined with (OE) through main question of study problem (Does overlapping (WS) affect (OE)? As it included headquarters of application of current research on (community of departments of Iraqi Tourism Authority), as it was applied to a sample of senior leaders. questionnaire was supplemented with data, observations, limited interviews, thus, through current study, we reached a set of theoretical , practical conclusions that indicated the validity of hypotheses, embodied by impact of overlapping (WS) in (OE), directly , indirectly.
Determination of the concentration of serum ferritin, D-dimer, CRP and IL-6 in patients who affected with COVID-19
Authors: Bhar Mohammed Ahmed , Khalaf Salim Jasim , Marbut Mousa Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

Background; SARS-CoV-2, the novel corona virus that originated in Wuhan, China in late December is a positive single stranded RNA virus. COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, dry cough, loss of sense of taste and smell etc. The symptoms may range from asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical. The virus enters through its spike protein (S) to the ACE2 receptors. The aim of the study is to evaluation of ferritin, D-dimer, CRP and IL-6 in patients who affected with COVID-19. Patients and methods; A cross-sectional conducted in many Hospitals in Baghdad. This study conducted between January to June 2022 on patients infected with the Corona virus.  A total of sixty subjects were participated in the present study. Thirty patients of both sexes, with different ages and in the severity infection with the Corona virus, divided into two groups. Results; There were significant elevations in the concentration of serum ferritin and D dimer of COVID-19 patients, as compared with control healthy subjects. Also, there is significant elevation in the concentration of serum CRP of patients with COVID-19, as compare with control healthy subjects.
Relationship between IL-20 and diabetic nephropathy in AL Anbar governorate
Authors: Rajab Duaa H. , Mohammad Wisam M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetic syndrome is characterized by increase blood sugar and resistance to insulin. It is linked to macrovascular and microvascular complication such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between Interleukin 20 and diabetic nephropathy. Material and Methods: The study was  include 36  of them with type 2 diabetes, 23 of them with diabetic nephropathy, and 25  healthy controls population  , all of whom were over the age of 40. ELISA was used to calculate the Interleukin 20 concentration. fasting serum sugar, Glycated Hemoglobin, Urea, Creatinine, Total protein, Albumin, and globulin were all found. Body mass index was also calculated. Result: this study shown that decrease level of Interleukin 20  and chronic kidney disease  patient comparing to Healthy controls group , and this also associated with increase in fasting serum sugar , Glycated Hemoglobin , Urea , Creatinine  and body mass index  in patients group compared to Healthy controls group. Conclusion: serum Interleukin 20 level show significance difference between patients and Healthy controls groups. that’s lower in patients groups.
relationship of contactin-1 with a number of trace elements in Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without COVID-19
Authors: Mahmoud Hanaa S. , Alaaraji Shakir F. T.
Published: August 2022

Background: Anti-inflammatory intermediaries like contactin-1 (CNTN-1) play an essential role in regulating several diseases, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This paper explores the relationship between CNTN-1 and a number of trace elements in RA patients with and without COVID19. Accordingly, it investigates whether there are any correlations between CNTN-1 and some trace elements. Materials and Methods: The paper involved 56 patients, where 28 suffer from RA without any complications, the other 28 have RA with COVID19 attending Al-Fallujah teaching hospital and 28 healthy persons matching in age, sex and ethnic background as control group. Serum level of contactin-1 was estimated by ELISA technique while Uric acid, urea, creatinine, lipid Profile, zinc, copper, ferrous and magnesium were assessed by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Results: The results demonstrated that Contactin-1 serum concentrations had existed more significantly in patients with and without COVID19. However, RA patients and RA with Covid-19 patients showed lower levels of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and Fe/Cu ratio. High serum concentrations of CNTN-1 have been identified and associated positively with ESR and Cu/Zn, while serum concentrations of CNTC-1 were positively related with total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), copper (Cu), zn and iron (Fe).
Interpreting Arabic sign alphabet by utilizing a glove with sensors
Authors: Al-Obaidi Ahmed Saeed Ibrahim , Al-Nima Raid Rafi Omar , Han Tingting
Published: August 2022

People who are deaf or dumb in Arab communities face several challenges. The most important challenge is to communicate with people. In this study, a new approach for identifying the alphabet in the Iraqi Sign Language (IrSL) is proposed, which makes use of a suggested deep neural network called the Deep Recurrent Alphabet Sign Language (DRASL). It utilizes the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) technique for classifying the outputs and recognizing the alphabet in the SL. The dataset is constructed with the use of a glove that is coupled to flex sensors on each finger; each sensor gives a variable value based on the curvature ratio of the fingers. The sensors were connected to an Arduino which was then linked to a computer to transfer the data we collected. The data were divided into three groups, which had 29 different movements. All of these groups had a remarkably high accuracy equal to 100%.deep learning
Role of activin a hormone, betacellulin (BTC) growth factor, and Heparin binding epidermal growth factor on mice embryonic development after oral administration of glycyrrhiza glabra
Authors: Fadhil Lamyaa Abdulridha , Al-Dujaily Saad Salih , Abbas Amal Khudair
Published: August 2022

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a herbal plant used for treatment of many infertility diseases. Its roots, a common herbal source, are described to soothe fetuses in pregnant mice, but there isn't enough research to know if it's safe to take during pregnancy and its effects on implantation factors. This study examines the impact of the growth factors betacellulin (BTC), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, and activin A hormone on embryonic development after oral administration of Glycyrrhiza glabra aqueous extract to mice. In line with clinical use, an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots was prepared. Pregnant mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Two mice groups 8 and 28 weeks old treated with water as a negative control, mice aged 8 weeks old treated with aqueous extract from one of two groups for 10 days, and mice 28 years old treated with aqueous extract for 10 days. On study groups, the parameters of certain implantation factors such serum progesterone and Activin A hormones, Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and betacellulin (BTC) growth factor were evaluated. The four groups had substantial differences in parameters.
Perception towards clinical exposure of public health dentistry postgraduate student in Indian dental colleges – A qualitative research
Authors: Mukadam Ajinkya , Hegde- Shetiya Sahana , Mathur Anmol , Desai Ruttika , Rajpurohit Ladusingh
Published: August 2022

Introduction- Public Health Dentistry (PHD) is a very vast branch and it majorly focuses on research, extension activity and field trips reaching out to the community creating oral health awareness. A PHD professional is trained in providing preventive treatments but might lack confidence in performing restorative or surgical or rehabilitative treatments. Hence this questionnaire study was planned to evaluate perception of PHD post graduate students towards clinical exposure. Material and Methods- A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2nd and 3rd -year PHD PG students all across India. A 13-item questionnaire was shared and validated by the selected Heads of PHD departments all across India. Results- It was seen that 63% of respondents planned to start their own private practice, 47% chose this department as they were interested in Public Health Dentistry and 27% chose this department just for the sake of MDS. Nearly 51% of respondents felt that there was insufficient clinical exposure provided. Discussion- PHD branch is generally considered non-clinical as the syllabus focuses majorly on preventive treatments, but if given the opportunity, a public health dentist can carry out numerous clinical procedures in an outreach setting, or a satellite center if provided with proper clinical exposure.
A prospective study of analysis of electrolytes in pediatric patients admitted in ICU
Authors: Kumari Sanni , Himanshu Alok , Rani Priti , Kumar Rishu
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Medical practice rests on the foundation of science. Clinicians are constantly making practical decisions and dealing with situations that demand quick and efficient solutions. The extra ordinary complex functions of the human being depend on the narrow range of the volume and composition of body fluids and electrolytes. These electrolytes run the life with help of meticulously regulated control mechanisms that strictly maintain their levels both extracellularly and intracellularly.1 Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of one year and included critically ill children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted to a paediatric tertiary care hospital. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all the children enrolled in the study. At admission, detailed history was taken and systemic examination was recorded. Venous blood samples were obtained and serum electrolytes were estimated by using Combi line Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE). An Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE), also known as a specific ion electrode (SIE), is a transducer (or sensor) that converts the activity of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential, which can be measured by a voltmeter or pH meter.
Supremo voto do relator ou onze votos Supremos? Uma análise do comportamento dos Ministros do STF nos julgamentos colegiados
Authors: Lunardi Fabrício Castagna
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como ocorrem os julgamentos colegiados no Supremo Tribunal Federal, sobretudo se existe efetivamente deliberação, dialogicidade e contraposição de argumentos. Para atingir esse objetivo, adota-se uma linha crítico-metodológica, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise de pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas já realizadas, investigação qualitativa acerca do julgamento de um tema pelo STF e pesquisa documental, a partir da análise de dados estatísticos disponibilizados. Conclui-se que o modelo externo, agregativo e seriatim, adotado pela Corte Constitucional brasileira, ainda é preferível a um modelo de julgamentos colegiados a portas fechadas, e que o problema dos julgamentos colegiados no Supremo não está no modelo adotado, senão nas suas práticas, pois produz decisões tomadas de forma solipsista, pouco deliberativa e sem internalização das divergências.
Entre o “faça o que eu digo” e o “faça o que eu faço”: uma análise da coerência entre o ensinado e o decidido pelos Ministros do STF
Authors: Ribeiro da Costa Victor , Nunes Apolinário Marcelo
Published: August 2022

Este artigo objetivou discutir se haveria ou não coerência entre o que os Ministros do STF ensinam em suas doutrinas e aquilo que eles decidem em casos difíceis enquanto juízes constitucionais, considerando as polêmicas levantadas pelo paradigma neoconstitucional. Para tanto, construiu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental amparada no método hipotético-dedutivo. Acreditava-se inicialmente que o grau de coerência entre o ensinado e o decidido oscilaria conforme os interesses extrajurídicos em jogo. Para testar essa hipótese, a pesquisa foi estruturada em três partes. Na primeira, foram debatidos os principais elementos que compõem esse paradigma. Na segunda, analisou-se as doutrinas dos Ministros Mendes, Moraes e Barroso. Na terceira, foram estudados os votos deles na ADO 26 – sobre a equiparação da homotransfobia ao crime de racismo, e na ADI 5.526 – sobre a aplicabilidade de cautelares penais aos congressistas. Ao final, refutou-se a hipótese levantada, pois o grau de vinculação às ideias e métodos neoconstitucionais manifestado pelos Ministros em suas respectivas doutrinas também foi verificado nas ações analisadas. Como reflexão final, a pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de pesquisar empiricamente a atuação da jurisdição constitucional como forma de fiscalizá-la e controlá-la democraticamente.
O aborto no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos: contribuições feministas
Authors: Fonseca Priscila De Figueiredo , Ribeiro Raisa D. , Legale Siddharta
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo busca verificar como tem sido o posicionamento da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) e da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) enquanto órgãos de proteção aos direitos humanos no que se refere ao direito ao aborto. No âmbito da CIDH, foram analisados os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres nos casos: Baby Boy vs. Estados Unidos (1981). Em relação à Corte IDH, foram dissecados os casos: Artavia Murillo vs. Costa Rica (2012); Senhora Beatriz vs. El Salvador (2013); Senhora I.V. vs. Bolívia (2016) e Manuela vs. El Salvador (2021). As análises adotam pressuposto teórico o feminismo interamericano - movimento teórico, social e político que pressiona o diálogo entre o sistema nacional e sistema interamericano para garantir os direitos humanos das mulheres e promover a igualdade de gênero. Trata-se de um diálogo crítico que, de um lado, identifica os padrões interamericanos para cobrar padrões nacionais mais elevados de proteção aos direitos humanos e, de outro, procura refletir sobre a necessidade de aprimorar os standards acerca da descriminalização do aborto na América Latina.
Характеристика отряда Charadriiformes фауны Республики Молдова
Authors:   Институт зоологии, Республика Молдова, Журминский Сергей
Published: August 2022

Ecological fields of territorial units are populated by closely related species of birds by complimentary conditions. Their composition is determined by the form and power of contact of their areas with the territory, the stability of the links between them, the variability of the habitat, ecological features, adaptability and species strategy. In the sphere of interaction of these states take place a process of stabilizing communities in an unstable environment.
Abordări noi privitor la controlul calității populațiilor de insecte dăunătoare Hyphantria cunea drury in condiții controlate
Authors:   Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, Stîngaci Aurelia
Published: August 2022

In the paper there are presented the results of the researches of existing methods of quality control for cultures of insects for rearing is presented. It is shown that there is a need to search for new approaches to solving this problem. Testing of new methods of control and prediction of biological material viability was carried out on a laboratory culture of the fall webworm moth (Hyphantria cunea Drury). It was found that intensity of taxis manifestation can be considered as a criterion of population condition. This selection method can be used also for assessment of culture viability. A new express-method of biological material selection for H. cunea establishment has been approbated. It is based on the positive correlation between insect viability parameters and their trophotaxis intensity. This method may be suitable for monitoring of natural populations condition in systems of integrated plant protections of different agricultural, ornamental and forest crops with intensive anthropogenic loading.
Entomofauna speciei Rosa canina l. din zona de centru a Republicii Moldova
Authors:   Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova, Timuş Asea , Baban Elena ,   Institutul de Zoologie, Republica Moldova
Published: August 2022

In the work are exposed investigations in 2007-2017 of entomofauna with development on the species Rosa canina L. from various urban and rural biotopes in the center of the Republic of Moldova. In total, were recorded 52 species of insects in 9 orders (Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera) and 1 mite (Trombidiformes). Of these, 17 species of insects have developed large populations and impact on the rose, 12 insect species developed annual faunistic populations, 12 solitary and rare individuals, 2 species one individual. At the same time, 4 species have been recorded recently: Harmonia axiridis (predators afidophagus), Polygonia c-album (nectar consumer and pollinator), Blenocampa phyllocopa (phytophagus in the larval stage) and Dasineura rosae (gallicol in the larval stage). The species Epicometis hirta was affected by the calamity of 21-23 April 2017, after which it was not recorded in the center of the republic, including the usual host plants, thus being considered an ecological indicator.
Паразит гороховой зерновки Triaspis thoracicus cur. и перспективы его разведения и применения
Authors:   Институт Генетики, Физиологии и Защиты Растений, Республика Молдова, Брадовская Наталья , Брадовский Виктор ,   Институт Генетики, Физиологии и Защиты Растений, Республика Молдова
Published: August 2022

In this article, the problems of the possibility to use the bean weevil as alternative host for laboratory rearing of Triaspis – effective parasite of pea weevil, the most dangerous pest of pea, are elucidated, as well as the data of studying of some bioecologic peculiarities of this parasite.
Эффективность инсектицида на основе Teflub enzuron , 150 g/l, против вредителей сахарной свеклы
Authors:   Государственный Аграрный Университет Молдовы, Республика Молдова, Пануца Сергей , Кроитору Никита ,   Государственный Аграрный Университет Молдовы, Республика Молдова
Published: August 2022

Sugar beet culture of the temperate zone, is cultivated mainly for the production of sugar, but can also be cultivated for animal feed. Currently, there are up to 400 species of insects and other animals that damage this culture, while about 40 are permanent and dangerous. In 2016, favorable meteorological conditions developed, which contributed to the development of 16 species of pests of sugar beet. During the period of research, the meadow moth and the beet miner moth, the number of which exceeded the economic threshold of damage, were most developed. The most effective in controlling pests of sugar beet is the chemical treatment of plants with insecticide Nomolt, SC with a rate of 1.0 l/ha, which reduces the number of Loxostege sticticalis 91,5-100,0%, and Gnorimoschema ocelatella 92,49 – 95,07% within 7-10 days after treatment.
Genetic variability and correlation studies in Poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.)
Authors: Lone Ajaz , Tewari Salil
Published: August 2022

Forty nine exotic and indigenous clones of Poplar were evaluated for eight morphological traits. These clones have shown considerable variability for all the parameters. Wide range of GCV and PCV was observed for petiole length, diameter and plant height. The heritability estimates were high for almost for all traits accompanied by fair amount of genetic advance. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic values for most of the character combinations. Plant height showed positive and significant correlation with plant diameter indicating that selection can play a great role in the improvement of Poplar clones.
Taxonomical and genetics characterization of family Boraginaceae grown in Elba Mountain
Authors: Elsherbeny Esraa
Published: August 2022

The Boraginaceae family comprises around 2000 species within 145 genera with various therapeutic and pharmacological attributes. DNA banking can be considered a complementary method for preserving plant species by preserving genomic DNA at lower temperatures. This approach to maintaining biological information allows researchers to search for new genes and their products. Therefore, in this review, we describe and analyze the DNA barcoding of family Boraginaceae to conserve and further manipulate this rare and endangered plants species to enhance its yield and quality characteristics. The non-coding DNA regions (such as ITS and rbcL) are presumed to be more useful at lower taxonomic levels because of their faster evolutionary rates. The present study aims to inspect whether these plants can be categorized into different species or not, and DNA barcoding is used to clarify the dispute. The DNA barcode marker used ITS and rbcL, and sequence analysis was performed using the online tool BLAST of the NCBI database and based on maximum identity and dendrogram.
Composite grafting as a reconstructive option for basal cell carcinoma of the nasal ala: a case report
Authors: Cornish Stephanie
Published: August 2022

Australia maintains one of the highest incidences of keratinocyte cancers in the world, with a high associated treatment cost. The nose is one of the most common locations for these skin cancers, representing a reconstructive challenge due to its unique 3D nature. As such, multiple patients are referred to sub-specialist units in metropolitan centres for their care, although this often is at an increased personal cost for regional and rural patients. Herein the author describes a case report of the use of chondro-cutaneous composite grafting for a nasal ala defect reconstruction, and potential use in peripheral and regional centres.
AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF THE MOST COMMON CONGENITAL GUT ANOMALY IN A YOUNG FEMALE
Authors: YELAMANCHI HANOCK , SHANKAR UMA , MURALEEDHARAN MAHESH , KUMAR AMEET , GODE NEETA , HAZRA ANIRUDHA
Published: August 2022

Pain abdomen in young unmarried female which is acute in onset draws attention to multiple differential diagnosis, especially in reproductive age group. Ruling out uterine, adnexal, conceptional pathologies clinically, biochemically and radiologically, the suspicion increases towards the intra-abdominal pathology.
A young lady reported with complaint of pain in lower abdomen for 03 days. The patient initially had pain around umbilicus which shifted to right iliac fossa, and hypogastric area. Her last menstrual period was 05 days prior to onset of pain. She denied history of previous abdominal surgeries.
Surgical removal of an Meckels Diverticulum is the current management of choice in a patient symptomatic meckels or for any of its complications. However, the controversy surrounding surgical removal of an incidentally detected meckels diverticulum still continues today.
Symptomatic Meckels diverticulum is rare in young females with age less than 15 years. Patients with acute abdomen with diagnostic dilemma on imaging with clinical condition not correlating with imaging radiology, high suspicion of meckels diverticular pathology should be kept in mind.
Urachal adenocarcinoma and its unusual metastatic behaviour - A case report
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sudhakar , Rajagopal Poongodi , Kumar Sathish
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Urachal adenocarcinoma is one of the rare bladder malignancies. The pathogenesis and behaviour of the disease is not fully known except for its aggressive nature especially with positive margins, advanced stage and regional lymph node involvement.
Case report: Here we report a case of 50-year-old male patient who o our hospital with chief complaints of swelling below the umbilicus with active haematuria and on physical examination, a hard mass measuring 5x 3 cm was felt below the umbilicus.
Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan revealed a heterogeneously enhancing lesion occupying the dome of bladder with loss of fat planes involving the anterior abdominal wall muscles and at one location in the mesentery.
Laparotomy revealed a fleshy mass arising from the dome of bladder with blood clots. En bloc removal of umbilicus with soft tissue underneath and partial cystectomy was done. Intraoperatively a mass measuring 8x6 cm was seen extending from the umbilical skin till bladder dome. In addition, multiple peritoneal as well as mesenteric deposits were noted.
Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with positive margins along with mesenteric and peritoneal metastasis. The tumour was staged as Sheldon/ Mayo stage/ Tumour, Node, Metastasis (TNM) IV and started under palliative chemotherapy which included cisplatin and gemcitabine. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, lung metastasis was detected and the patient succumbed to his illness.
Conclusion: This case of urachal adenocarcinoma has been put up primarily to highlight the way of locoregional and distant metastatic spread, thereby adding contribution to the already existing sparse literature. The patient had peritoneal spread along with less frequently detected mesenteric involvement at the time of presentation and rapidly developed pulmonary metastasis. As many of its behaviours remain hidden, case series and case reports with shared experiences of surgeons, urologists and pathologists are essential to unravel its hidden behaviours.
Study of cases of rupture uterus and its maternal and perinatal outcome in a tertiary care institute
Authors: Biswas Dr , Sarkar Dr , Patra Dr
Published: August 2022

Background: Rupture of the pregnant uterus refers to complete disruption of all uterine layers,
including the serosa. It is a life-threatening obstetric emergency and a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In India, in advanced setups the incidence of rupture preceded by obstructed labour is decreasing, in rural parts where there is inadequate care, lack of communication and transport, home deliveries by untrained dais incidence of rupture uterus is still high. So, the study is to evaluate the etiological factors, incidence, management modalities and maternal and perinatal outcome. Methods: A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study of 201 cases of rupture uterus and maternal and Perinatal outcome was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in government tertiary reference center, Kolkata, West Bengal India from March 2020 to April 2021. Total 201 cases of rupture uterus fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Template was generated in MS excel sheet and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: Majority of the patients 180 (89.55%) have incomplete rupture and only 21 (10.45%) have complete rupture. In regard to treatment done 64 (31.84%) treated with total hysterectomy, 60 (29.85%) treated with subtotal hysterectomy, 51 (25.37%) treated with repair with BLTL and 26 (12.94%) treated with repair without BLTL. All mothers 201 (100%) were repeated transfusion followed by Bladder Injury 18 (8.96%), Wound Sepsis 15 (7.46%). Maximum fetal complication was Perinatal Asphyxia 96 (47.76%) followed by Sepsis 7 (3.48%), Jaundice 14 (6.97%). Conclusions: Uterine rupture is still a major public health problem in the developing countries, that has a high potential for causing perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Behavioural change strategies should be employed in educating women and their spouse through peer education, group engagement and culturally sensitive and acceptable strategies on the need to attend antenatal clinics, and have their deliveries in hospitals equipped with trained and skilled personnel to supervise pregnancy, labour and delivery.
Radiological Patterns In Interstitial Lung Disease(ILD) And Changes In Six Minute Walk Test(6MWT)
Authors: Francis Maria , M Sajitha , Parameswaranpillai Venugopal , Vishnunrayanan Kiran
Published: August 2022

IMPORTANCE
Interstitial lung diseases comprise diffuse parenchymal diseases of varying radiological patterns and aetiology. They have varying rates of functional progression. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with the Usual interstitial pneumonitis pattern is known to progress in worsening exercise capacity, spirometry and radiology. But ILDs with other radiological patterns like NSIP may also progress in function and radiology. The six-minute walk test is a good indicator of functional exercise capacity. The study assessed the longitudinal changes in the six-minute walk test in different radiological patterns.
OBJECTIVES
Primary objective: To assess the radiological pattern and progression of dyspnoea and six-minute walk test over a six-month interval in ILD patients in a tertiary care centre
STUDY SETTING: An Observational longitudinal study in the department of Pulmonary Medicine in Kerala, south India, for one year
METHODOLOGY
Patients diagnosed with ILD within the study period by a multidisciplinary team comprised of pulmonologists and radiologists with more than 20 years of clinical experience based on clinical examination, PFT, and HRCT. A multidisciplinary team assessed radiological patterns. Appropriate investigations were done to identify any underlying auto-immune or connective tissue disorders. The histopathological correlation was obtained wherever possible, and a final diagnosis was obtained. Lung function was assessed by spirometry. The dyspnoea scale was assessed according to the MMRC scale, and a six-minute walk distance was determined. The patients were followed up regularly while on treatment, and the dyspnoea scale and 6MWT were repeated after six months. The association of different radiological patterns and the changes in various parameters in 6MWT was determined.
RESULTS
CTD ILD was the commonest, followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis and IPF. Longitudinal worsening of the MMRC scale did not have a significant association with any radiologic pattern. The final saturation after 6MWT and 6MWD worsening >25 m in the follow-up test had an association with a UIP pattern on radiology and a diagnosis of IPF. No worsening of 6MWD was observed in COP AND HSP.
CONCLUSION
A serial six-minute walk test is a good monitoring test to assess exercise capacity for UIP, HSP and OP patterns. The parameters 6MWD and final saturation in 6MWT show predictive associations with radiology.
A comparative study on the renal function parameters and serum C reactive protein levels in relation to the severity of preeclampsia
Authors: S Shimna , Maliekkal Jean , N Geetha , Nair Atmaja
Published: August 2022

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major complications affecting the pregnancy. It is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the renal function and serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels in pre-eclampsia.

Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 90 pregnant women in a tertiary care center in Kerala. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. Blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum CRP levels were estimated in 30 normotensive pregnant women, 30 mild preeclamptic, and 30 severe pre eclamptic women. Statistical analysis was done.

Results: The mean values of all the three parameters were highest in severe pre-eclampsia when compared to the normotensive pregnant women. The mean values in mild pre-eclampsia lies in between the values of other two groups. The results were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Significant alteration in renal function tests and serum CRP levels prove to be an important indicator in assessing the severity of preeclampsia.
A rare case of bilobed gallbladder presenting as cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis
Authors: Reddy V , Kiran S , Gopal Sanjana , Krishna PRVamsi , Thirunavukkarasu S , Varty Gurudutt , Rakesh R , Krishna C , Reddy C
Published: August 2022

Bilobed gallbladder is extremely rare. It is important to identify this anomaly preoperatively to avoid intraoperative complications. Authors in this report describe successful surgical management of a patient with bilobed gall bladder with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. A middle aged female who has presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and features of obstructive jaundice. Pre-operative ultrasonogram revealed bilobed gallbladder with cholelithiasis and dilated common bile duct (CBD) secondary to CBD stones. These findings were confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). This case was successfully managed by open procedure after attempted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) failed. Simultaneous removal of both lobes of gallbladder and addressing CBD stones is extremely important to prevent the recurrence of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis in these cases.
Nonlinear Controller for the Laser Fiber Using PID Controller
Authors:   Communication, Technical Engineering, Communication, Al Furat Al Awast Technical University, Najaf, Iraq, Haider Yahya Saeed , Husam Noman Mohammed Ali ,   Communication, Technical Engineering, Communication, Al Furat Al Awast Technical University, Najaf, Iraq, Ali Abdul Abas Al Bakri ,   Communication, Technical Engineering, Communication, Al Furat Al Awast Technical University, Najaf, Iraq, Haidar Zaeer Dhaam ,   Communication, Technical Engineering, Communication, Al Furat Al Awast Technical University, Najaf, Iraq
Published: August 2022

We show that a software architecture based on machine learning and adaptive control advances makes self-tuning optics possible. Commercially available optical telecom components may be combined with servo controllers to develop a training and execution software module that can self-tune the laser cavity even when it is switched off. Mechanical and/or environmental disturbances may aid in frequency comb stabilization. An exhaustive search of state space is used in the algorithm training stage to find the optimum performance areas for one or more objectively interesting functions. The technique of implementation stage starts by identifying the variable space using a sparse sensing approach, then settles on a near-optimal solution and maintains it using the extremum seeking control protocol.
A Comprehensive Study on Online Teaching–Learning (OTL) System and Platforms
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal, Bipesh Raj Subedi , Tulsi Ram Pandey ,   Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Gajendra Sharma ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
Published: August 2022

Online Teaching Learning (OTL) systems are the future of the education system due to the rapid development in the field of Information Technology. Many existing OTL systems provide distance education services in the present context as well. In this paper, several types of existing OTL systems are explored in order to identify their key features, needs, working, defects and sectors for future development. For this, different aspects, types, processes, impacts, and teaching–learning strategies of various OTL systems were studied. In addition, the paper concludes with some future insights and personal interest in the further development of OTLs on the basis of previous research performed
Comparison of Business Environment in the Chosen Regions
Authors:   Institute of Earth Resources, Department of Management of Earth Resources, Faculty BERG, Technical University Košice, Slovakia, L’ubomíra Gabániová , Katarína Culková ,   Institute of Earth Resources, Department of Management of Earth Resources, Faculty BERG, Technical University Košice, Slovakia, Andrea Se ˇnová ,   Institute of Earth Resources, Department of Management of Earth Resources, Faculty BERG, Technical University Košice, Slovakia
Published: August 2022

Sustainable development of the regions is presently an often discussed theme, mainly due to the worldwide situation. The goal of the contribution is therefore to find regions in Slovakia and Ukraine that have the possibility to have mutually advantageous ways of cooperation. The selection of the regions results from the comparison of European Union (EU) Member State’s situations and not EU Member State situations. The situation in the regions is compared according to the regional gross domestic product per capita, the unemployment rate in the region and the average monthly wage of employees in the regions. The results of the contribution show possible cooperation of the analyzed regions in business, mainly in the area of industrial production, with unemployment decreasing. The use of the results is in the area of finding strategies for improvement and cooperation.
National Trends in Medical Costs and Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Endovascular Thrombectomy Era: Analysis Using Medical Claim Data in Korea
Authors: Jung Woo Sang , Seo Kwon-Duk , Suh Sang Hyun
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in medical costs and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Korea from 2008 to 2017 using medical claims data.Materials and Methods: All data for the past decade was collected from a big data hub provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Using several Korean Standard Classification of Disease codes, we estimated the number of patients, the costs of medical insurance, and prognosis according to the treatment with or without endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) among in-patients with AIS.Results: Since 2014, when EVT was covered by insurance, the number of patients who underwent EVT for AIS has increased significantly. Also, in the past decade, the medical costs following inpatient care for AIS with EVT have increased gradually, and the overall medical costs for the first year post-stroke have also increased. The prognosis of AIS patients with EVT was different according to the time of treatment. Annual trends for both mortality and cerebral hemorrhage after treatment of AIS with EVT have gradually decreased.Conclusion: In this study, we found that both inpatient medical costs and 1-year cumulative medical costs have gradually increased, and the prognosis has gradually improved in patients receiving EVT treatment among AIS patients.
REDUKSI KETIDAKNYAMANAN KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER III MELALUI SENAM YOGA
Authors: Beti Nurhayati  , Farida Simanjuntak  , Marni Br. Karo
Published: August 2022

Kehamilan merupakan pertemuan antara ovum dengan sperma yang melibatkan perubahan fisik maupun psikologis. Selama hamil tidak jarang ibu mengalami ketidaknyamanan seperti sering buang air kecil 50%, keputihan 15 %, konstipasi 40%, perut kembung 30%, bengkak pada kaki 20%, kram pada kaki 10%, sakit kepala 20%, striae gravidarum 50%, hemoroid 60%, sesak nafas 60% dan sakit punggung 70%. Upaya untuk mengatasi ketidaknyamanan tersebut melalui relaksasi yang sesuai yaitu senam yoga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Reduksi ketidaknyamanan kehamilan trimester III melalui senam yoga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester III yang mengikuti senam yoga. Pengambilan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling, dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian terdapat reduksi ketidaknyamanan masa kehamilan trimester III melalui senam yoga (p value = 0,004). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah senam yoga berpengaruh mengurangi ketidaknyamanan masa kehamilan Trimester III.