bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of dermoscopy in patients of melasma in a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Puri Neerja , Gill Sukhpreet Kaur , Kumar Sumir , Brar B.K. , Chahal Anahita
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the study is to determine dermoscopic findings of melasma after evaluating them based upon clinical examination and to correlate each clinical picture with dermoscopic findings.

Materials and methods:

Various patients of melasma from December 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled from outpatient department. Detailed history was taken. The dermoscopic examination and photographic documentation of clinical as well as dermoscopic picture was done and findings were noted.

Results:

We enrolled 50 patients in study including 80% females and 20% males. Mean age of melasma in our study was 31.28 years. Mostly the patients were farmers and housewives with the most common precipitating factor being sun exposure. Twenty patients on clinical examination along with Wood’s lamp showed epidermal pattern, 18 patients showed mixed pattern, and 12 patients had dermal pattern. On dermoscopy, melasma showed perifollicular sparing in all patients (100%), but in 36 patients, along with perifollicular sparing, it also showed perifollicular pigmentation in some areas, granular pattern in 38 patients, globular pattern in 42 patients, blotches in 36 patients, telangiectasias in 30 patients, arcuate pattern in 32 patients, and annular in 12 patients. The frequency of findings was nearly similar in all three three types except for the arcuate pattern. In the dermal pattern, nearly 83% patients (P = 0.1) showed arcuate pattern as compared to 40% (P = 0.004) in epidermal pattern.

Limitations:

A larger sample size is required. Also, since a few of the patients were already on topical corticosteroids, it may have affected the dermoscopic findings.

Conclusion:

Dermoscopy is a noninvasive tool that can be used to diagnose and differentiate it from other disorders of hyperpigmentation, but it cannot be used to classify melasma into epidermal, dermal, or mixed pattern.
Hybrid assessment as a formative assessment tool for undergraduates in pathology
Authors: Sehgal Shivali , Khan Sabina , Husain Musharraf , Jetley Sujata
Published: November 2022

Background:

The online portal has been a vital tool for both teaching as well as assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. While being the only safe option available during this period, online assessment has its own drawbacks. Students have access to their books as well as the internet; therefore, there is no regulation over plagiarism, compromising the reliability of the examination. On the other hand, traditional offline assessment, apart from issues of safety during the pandemic, also requires a substantial infrastructure.

Aims:

The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using a hybrid assessment method-an online examination in an offline setting-with the aim of compensating the shortcomings of both type of assessments and evaluating its potential as a formative assessment tool.

Settings and Design:

The study was conducted over a period of 1 month in the Department of Pathology of a Medical College of New Delhi. A batch of 100 students belonging to the second professional MBBS were evaluated toward the end of their fifth semester.

Materials and Methods:

A blueprint of the online practical examination was prepared by the faculty, including the entire syllabus. The assessments were conducted 4 times for a batch of 25 students at a time. Students were called on the day of their assessment with their mobile phones, and the test was sent through Google forms. At the end of the examination, a quick evaluation of the result was done question wise and the faculty gave detailed feedback discussing the results. Following this, the students were asked to fill out an online feedback form to gather their perceptions regarding hybrid assessment.

Results:

Most of the students considered hybrid practical assessment to be a better mode than conventional practical assessment, and the majority thought that this mode can be useful for final exam preparation and should be conducted more frequently. Most of the students were satisfied with the time given for answering the questions as well as with the difficulty level of the questions, and felt that the syllabus was appropriately covered. However, a few students faced problems such as Internet connectivity and form reloading issues.

Conclusions:

A hybrid assessment method that is conducting an “on campus” online examination can be effective mode of conducting regular formative assessments. It has the advantage of requiring minimal infrastructure as well as examination faculty.
Focused ultrasound and deep brain stimulation for Parkinsonism – Review of literature to investigate tradeoff between safety and efficacy
Authors: Alshenqiti Uthman , Alzalabani Yasir , Siddiqui Khawar , Alfaisal Saud , Albadrani Muayad
Published: November 2022

Parkinsonism is a movement disorder, mostly caused by the neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common movement disorder. Its symptoms include rigidity, slow movement, tremor, and disruption of balance. First treatment line is dopamine replacement drugs, and surgery is due when medication fails. Surgery options include deep brain stimulation (DBS), which revolves around implanting impulse generator in the target structure, and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), where transcranial sonication ablates certain structures to counter the excitotoxic circuitopathy. This review aims to compare results described in peer-reviewed publications describing DBS and MRgFUS in Parkinsonism in terms of improvement in symptoms and side effects. This study was carried out by searching prominent computerized biomedical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE) to assess and compare the safety and efficacy of MRgFUS and DBS procedures done for the treatment of PD. Most of the published results for each of the two operations are comparable, in tremor and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, though minimal superiority is shown in the DBS results. The neurological adverse effects are similar between the two types, including mild-to-moderate transient instances of dysarthria and gait disturbances, which are the most common two adverse events, among others. However, DBS has a more severe or significant adverse event profile that includes hemorrhage and infection. Long-term improvement is observed more with DBS which can sustain improvement for up to 5 years. DBS, therefore, tends to better improve Parkinsonism prognosis at the cost of safety. Postoperative complications are less severe in MRgFUS, which can be a safe, efficient alternative procedure for medication-refractory Parkinsonism.
Analysis of issues in gate recess etching in the InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT manufacturing process
Authors: Min Byoung‐Gue , Lee Jong‐Min , Yoon Hyung Sup , Chang Woo‐Jin , Park Jong‐Yul , Kang Dong Min , Chang Sung‐Jae , Jung Hyun‐Wook
Published: November 2022

We have developed an InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor device fabrication process where the gate length can be tuned within the range of 0.13 μm–0.16 μm to suit the intended application. The core processes are a two‐step electron‐beam lithography process using a three‐layer resist and gate recess etching process using citric acid. An electron‐beam lithography process was developed to fabricate a T‐shaped gate electrode with a fine gate foot and a relatively large gate head. This was realized through the use of three‐layered resist and two‐step electron beam exposure and development. Citric acid‐based gate recess etching is a wet etching, so it is very important to secure etching uniformity and process reproducibility. The device layout was designed by considering the electrochemical reaction involved in recess etching, and a reproducible gate recess etching process was developed by finding optimized etching conditions. Using the developed gate electrode process technology, we were able to successfully manufacture various monolithic microwave integrated circuits, including low noise amplifiers that can be used in the 28 GHz to 94 GHz frequency range.
State of knowledge of methodologies for establishing “typologies of production systems”
Authors: Oka E. , Floquet A. , Mongbo R.L.
Published: November 2022

In sub-Saharan Africa, climatic hazards and land pressure have stimulated a search for production intensification methods, adapted to the various environments and types of farming, in a bid to ensure food security in the region. Indeed, this intensification is conditioned by the availability to farmers of innovations that are adapted to their constraints and priorities. Thus, the adaptation of innovations to the diversity of agricultural production systems requires establishment of typologies that reflect the heterogeneity of farms and make it possible to reduce diversity to a manageable scale. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge on methods for establishing “typologies of production systems”, based on existing knowledge, in order to examine the extent to which they enable understanding of this reality of the agricultural economy. Faced with current global challenges, such as population growth and climate change, sufficient food supplies and quality will require more efficient and robust production systems, based on good agricultural practices that ensure efficient use of the natural resource base, and within an enabling policy and institutional environment. Improving production systems for sustainability will, therefore, need to be based on the implementation of relevant recommendations derived from typologies built through science-based robust methodology, combining participatory approaches and quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods, “data mining”.
Yield stability and relationships among parameters in maize
Authors: Abd El-Latif M.S. , Galal Y.A. , Kotp M.S. , El Sayed W.M. , Aboyousef H.A. , Darwich M.M.B.
Published: November 2022

Producing high yielding maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids well-adapted to many environments is the most important goal of the National Maize Research Program in Egypt. Genotype x environment interaction (GEI) continues to be a major challenging issue to plant breeders and production agronomists. The objective of this study was to identify maize hybrids with stable and high yield performance across different location under Egyptian conditions. Five yellow single crosses (SC Sk-149, SC Sk-150, SC Sk-151, SC Gm-111 and SC Gz-312); three red single crosses (SC Sk-1 Red, SC Sk-2 Red and SC Sk-3 Red); and two yellow commercial hybrids (SC 162 and SC 168) were evaluated at five sites in Egypt. Stability parameters for grain yield were performed to estimate both regression coefficient (bi), deviation from regression (S2di) and coefficient of determination (R2). Results showed that mean squares due to environments (E), hybrids (H) and their interaction (H × E) were significant, or highly significant for all traits. The best hybrids were SC Sk-3 Red for earliness, SC Gm-111 for highest plant; and SC Sk-149 and SC Sk-2 Red for resistance to late wilt disease. Superiority percentage for grain yield of two yellow promising crosses SC Gm-111 (22.78 and 19.69%) and SC Sk-150 (11.00 and 8.21%) were significantly out yielded the two checks SC 162 and SC 168, respectively. Four hybrids can be considered stable for grain yield based on the regression coefficient; as well as five hybrids based on deviation from regression and eight hybrids depending on coefficient of determination. Hybrids SC Sk-150 and SC Gm-111 had high grain yield and stable for R2. Mean grain yield was significant and positively correlated with S2di; but not significant with bi and R2. Also, R2 was significant and negatively correlated with S2di, but not significant with bi also bi or with S2di.
Honorary whiteness as an ideological tool sustaining a hierarchical racial order and land expropriation in South Africa
Authors: Sibango Babalwa
Published: November 2022

As a country with a history of settler-colonialism, the land question in South Africa remains one of the critical issues of redress that is highly contested. Furthermore, opinions on the land question tend to be divided along racial lines. This paper uses white ignorance as a theoretical framework to explain these polarised views on the land question in South Africa post-1994. The paper also uses the concept of honorary whiteness/brownness to explain how differences among ‘people of colour’ serve to sustain a hierarchical racial order in which whites remain the ultimate beneficiaries. While research on white ignorance mainly focuses on the socio-psychological and material benefits of white ignorance for whites, this paper argues that those classified as honorary white or ‘brown’ also benefit, albeit minimally, from endorsing willful white ignorance of past and present racial atrocities.
Honorary whiteness: The psychology of racial cognitive illusion
Authors: Onah Aloysius Uchechukwu
Published: November 2022

Experiences whether personal or collective, sometimes evoke a psychological satisfaction of being superior to others. This could be due to inappropriate perception or some prejudice. When misperception takes a systematic and permanent form, it becomes an illusion. Several scientific works imply possible racial cognitive illusions. In this work, I treat honorary whiteness as a diminutive way of referring to some categories of human beings. Honorary whiteness is an ideology based on the belief of being superior to others on the basis of colour. It is the practice of acting white or like European in order to gain some benefits or for some interests. This attitude pervades the political, economic, legal and social life of human beings. Hence, this research initiates the urgency to revisit the discourse on racial superiority and how it informs some cognitive misrepresentations of human biological givens. I examine the above theme with the aim of explaining honorary whiteness, racial cognitive illusion and finally, explore the psychological perspectives in view of proffering innovative solutions on racial cognitive illusion.
Lucius T. Outlaw, Jr. on why racism makes no sense
Authors: Biana Hazel T. , Joaquin Jeremiah Joven B.
Published: November 2022

In this interview with W. Alton Jones Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University, Lucius T. Outlaw, Jr, we discuss the metaphysical and ethical questions of grouping and classifying people in terms of race and ethnicity. Outlaw is the author of [On Race and Philosophy] and one of the recognised pioneers of Africana Philosophy. Outlaw talks about growing up in racial segregation in Starkville, Mississippi, the Black Power movement, the notion of the Black intellectual, scholarship and teaching, and philosophizing about race. We discuss the ambiguity of the concept of philosophy of race and explore the concepts of raciality, categories, human sociality, evolution, and oppression. With his philosophical, political, and sociological influences, Outlaw asserts that racism makes no sense at all because the diversity of our species is one of our greatest assets; and in terms of survival, we are all of the same species though certain group-shared differences do matter.
Environmental degradation and biodiversity
Authors: Ugwumba Adiaha A.A.
Published: November 2022

No abstract
Acute toxicity of Primextra Gold on freshwater fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Authors: Elebe F. A
Published: November 2022

The need to boost food productivity to meet the demands of the ever-increasing human population necessitates the frequent use of agrochemicals. Primextra Gold containing atrazine (329g/l) and S-metolachlor (400g/l) is commonly used in agriculture to control weeds, especially in rice paddies. Given that herbicides could harm non-target species like fish, this study examined the effects of Primextra Gold on the behaviour, haematology, blood biochemistry and kidney of Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile C. gariepinus mean weight (11.05±5.43g) and length (11.95±6.13cm) were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of the herbicide. The toxicity assay showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) was 3.63µg/l. The fish exposed to sublethal concentrations exhibited signs of asphyxiation. The white blood cell (9.4- 10.8×106), aspartate aminotransferase (40.01-60.01IU/l) and alanine aminotransferase (68.02-90.12IU/l) levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in the test group compared to the control. Contrarily, glucose (53.14-82.25mg/dl) and protein (3.12- 9.38mg/dl) were lower in the herbicide exposed group compared to the control (p <0.05). Kidney histopathology revealed focal loss of the renal tissue, mild intra renal haemorrhage, moderate focal loss of renal tissue and severe focal loss of renal tissue in the herbicide exposed fish. The findings of this study suggest that this herbicide is hazardous to aquatic life and has negative consequences for non-target species when used indiscriminately. It is recommended that the herbicide should be used with caution, especially near aquatic habitat to maintain good water quality and ensure sustenance of aquatic biodiversity.
Anthropogenic impact on environmental variables and macroinvertebrates community of River Eme, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Anyanwu E. D. , Etusim P. E. , Umeham S. N
Published: November 2022

Macroinvertebrates are good bioindicators of water quality and ecosystem health and are often used to study anthropogenic effect on aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, some environmental variables and macroinvertebrates of Eme river were studied to understand the impact of human activities on this socio-economically important ecosystem. Six stations (reflecting different anthropogenic activities) along the reaches of the river were sampled and analyzed monthly from December, 2017 to November, 2018 using standard methods. The results showed that water temperature varied from 22.00, station 1 to 28.5oC, station 6, turbidity (0.50-9.40 NTU, station 4), flow velocity (0.21, station 1-0.85m/s, station 3), pH (4.30, station 2-6.30, station 1), electrical conductivity (45.20, station 2-168.40µS/cm, station 5), dissolved oxygen (1.60, station 4-6.10mg/l, stations 3 and 4), biochemical oxygen demand (0.80-4.30mg/l, station 4), nitrate (1.10, station 3-5.6mg/l, station 4) and phosphate (0.40, station 3-4.6mg/l, station 4). Flow velocity, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and phosphate varied significantly between stations (p<0.05). A total of 584 individuals from 5 taxonomic groups and 23 species of macroinvertebrates were recorded. Aquarius remigis was the most abundant species (8.7%). The macroinvertebrate community was dominated by tolerant and very tolerant species, such as Aquarius remigis, Caridina africana, Pseudocloen sp. nymph, Hydrometra sp and Belostoma sp. The dominance of tolerant species, high turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and phosphate values and low dissolved oxygen values are strong indications of anthropogenic effect. It is suggested that adequate management attention should be paid to the river in order to prevent further deterioration.
Evaluation of Genomic Prediction Algorithms for Reducing Selection and Breeding Cycles in Shea Tree (Vitellaria Paradoxa)
Authors: Odoi Juventine , Prasad Hendre , Badji Arfang , Kitiyo Ronald , Alfred A. Ozimati Alfred A. Ozimati , Gibson Paul , Edema Richard , Gwali Samson , L. Odong Thomas
Published: November 2022

The focus of this study was to determine the genomic prediction (GP) algorithms with the highest prediction accuracies for reducing the breeding and selection cycles in Vitellaria paradoxa. The efficiency of the GP algorithms were compared to evaluate five Shea tree growth traits in 708 genotypes with 30734 Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNPs) markers, which were reduced to 27063 after removing duplicates. Five hundred forty-nine (77.54%) Shea tree training population and 159 (22.46%) training population were genotyped for 30734 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for five Shea tree growth traits. We built a model using phenotype and marker data from a training population by optimizing its genomic prediction accuracy for effectiveness of GS. The phenotype and marker data were used for cross validation of the prediction accuracies of the different models. Prediction accuracies varied among the genomic prediction algorithms based on the five phenotypic traits. We determined the best genomic algorithm that is more suitable for reduction of selection and breeding cycles in Vitellaria paradoxa. The GP algorithms were evaluated and we conclude that rrBLUP is the best for improving the prediction accuracy for reducing the breeding cycle in Shea tree.
Comparative Study of Student Learning Outcomes in Online and Offline Learning during the Pandemic
Authors: Kamalia Putri Ulfa , Sakti Norida Canda , Kurniawan Riza Yonisa
Published: November 2022

Learning is carried out offline starting April 2022 after the COVID-19 pandemic began to subside and the statistics on COVID-19 cases in the city of Surabaya showed a low risk status. Learning that was originally done online was changed back to being done offline. Therefore, this study aims to identify differences in student learning outcomes in online and offline learning. This research is a quasi-experimental research with comparative method and quantitative approach. Research data was collected on macroeconomic theory courses in the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year for online learning and the 2021/2022 school year for offline learning. The study population was 18 students who were randomly selected from the economic education study program in 2020 and 2021. Processing and analysis of research data used an independent sample T-test. Based on the results of the independent sample t-test, the Sig (two-sided) value is 0.356 > 0.05. These results indicate that there is no significant difference in the average student learning outcomes between online and offline learning. Students' online learning has an average learning outcome of 85.8889, higher than offline learning of 81.3333. Therefore, learning activities are more flexible during the pandemic and can be done online or offline.
Development of Story Books Containing MELESAT (Mathematics, Existence, Literacy, Engineering, Science, Art, Technology) to Improve Literacy Skills among Group B of Early Childhood Education
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Hasibuan Rachma , Fitri Ruqoyyah , Pratiwi Ajeng Putri , Putri Andy Ledy Permata
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a storybook containing Mathematics, Existence, Literacy, Engineering, Science, Art, Technology (MELESAT) to improve literacy skills among group B of early childhood education and to test the feasibility of designing a storybook containing MELESAT. This type of research is a Research and Development with Pretest - Posttest One Group Design, using the ADDIE model which includes five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluate.  Subjects are children aged 5-6 years, including group B early childhood education totally 20. The instrument used a validation questionnaire and literacy tests. Results of this research indicate that the validation of the material obtained 3.04 of 4, validation of book design obtained 2.55 of 4 and validation of the media obtained 2.89 of 4. The effectiveness based on giving pretest and posttest to students totaled 20 subjects. The results showed that the pre-test score of 57% was developing as expected, and 43% was starting to develop. Post-test scores showed 7.5% progressed beyond expectations, 87.5% progressed as expected, and 5% started to develop. Through the content, design, and use of MELESAT books, there is an increase of literacy skills of children aged 5-6 years including group B early childhood education.
Analisis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Eveline Erlin , Suparno Suparno
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The objective of this research was to measure higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of Senior High School students in Pontianak.  The steps in this study include: defining HOTS, determining the measured HOTS aspects and developing the HOTS test instrument, conducting research by giving HOTS questions to 272 senior high school students in Pontianak, and analyzing the students' HOTS as a whole and based on HOTS aspects. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The instrument of the test developed based on two HOTS aspects, namely: analyze and evaluate. The results showed that the percentage of HOTS class XI students in Pontianak for the categories "very-good", "good", "adequate" and "less" were 0%, 11%, 19.5%, and 69.5%, respectively. The highest percentage is in the "less" category so that the majority of HOTS high school students in Pontianak City are in the "poor" category. The average score of each aspect is in the "fair" category. Students' HOTS still needs to be improved. Learning focuses on developing student HOTS must be applied at every level of education. Keywords: Higher-order thinking skills, senior high schoolAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur higher order thinking skills (HOTS) atau keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di kota Pontianak. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini meliputi: mendefinisikan HOTS, menentukan aspek HOTS yang diukur dan mengembangkan instrumen tes HOTS, melaksanakan penelitian dengan memberikan soal HOTS kepada 272 siswa SMA di Pontianak, dan menganalisis HOTS siswa secara keseluruhan dan berdasarkan aspek HOTS. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Instrumen tes dikembangkan berdasarkan dua aspek HOTS yaitu: menganalisis dan mengevaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase HOTS siswa kelas XI di Kota Pontianak untuk kategori “sangat baik”, “baik”, “cukup” dan “kurang” berturut-turut adalah 0%, 11%, 19,5%, dan 69,5%. Persentase paling besar berada pada kategori “kurang” sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa mayoritas HOTS siswa SMA di Kota Pontianak pada kategori kurang. Hasil analisis setiap aspek menunjukkan rata-rata skor HOTS siswa dalam kategori “cukup”. HOTS siswa masih perlu ditingkatkan. Pembelajaran yang berfokus mengembangkan HOTS siswa harus diterapkan pada setiap jenjang pendidikan.Kata-kata kunci: Keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi, sekolah menengah atas
Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses dalam Pemecahan Masalah Siswa
Authors: Nurhayati Neti , Permatasari Rindah , Saputro Eko Fery Haryadi
Published: November 2022

Abstract: This study aims to improve student learning outcomes and find out the effect of the Process Skills model Prediction, Observation, Explanation (POE) model on problem-solving of grade 8th students of MTS Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh in oscillations. The research method used is an experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research was conducted in 4 meetings, with 24 students of class VIII B of MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh. The data collection instrument was carried out by testing the students' cognitive abilities in the form of pretest and posttest essays, observation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that: There was an increase in student learning outcomes in physics learning with an average increase of 55.28 with the lowest score of 40, and the highest score of 100. Keywords: learning outcomes, process skills, POE modelAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan melihat pengaruh penerapan Keterampilan Proses Model Prediction, Observation, Explaination (POE) terhadap pemecahan masalah pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh pada materi getaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 4 kali pertemuan, dengan jumlah siswa kelas VIII B MTs Negeri 2 Nanga Pinoh sebanyak 24 siswa. Instrument pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes kemampuan kognitif siswa berupa soal esai pretest dan postest, lembar observasi, dan angket respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 55,28 dengan nilai terendah 40, dan nilai tertinggi adalah 100.Kata-kata kunci: pembelajaran fisika, keterampilan proses, model POE
Instrumen Penilaian Kemampuan Literasi Sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge pada Materi Asam Basa
Authors: Apsari Nurul
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The right assessment instrument will result in the right measurement of scientific literacy ability as well. The research objective is to design an instrument for assessing scientific literacy skills based on Indigenous Knowledge. The design is carried out to produce an assessment instrument that can measure scientific literacy skills by relating it to aspects of Indigenous Knowledge. The method used is the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). The first stage is content structure analysis which consists of syllabus analysis, content analysis, context analysis, preparation of question grids and preparation of questions and the second stage is conducting empirical investigations. The data collection technique was non-test with the research instrument using a question validation sheet (scale 1-5). The data analysis technique used the Aiken's V formula. The results obtained 6 scientific literacy questions based on Indigenous Knowledge with valid categories and 4 scientific literacy questions based on Indigenous Knowledge with medium categories. The overall average value of V is 0.86 with a valid category.Keywords: Assessment instruments, scientific literacy, indigenous knowledge                                                                   Abstrak: Instrumen penilaian yang tepat akan menghasilkan pengukuran kemampuan literasi sains yang tepat pula. Tujuan Penelitian adalah melakukan perancangan instrumen penilaian kemampuan literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge. Perancangan dilakukan untuk menghasilkan instrumen penilaian yang dapat mengukur kemampuan literasi sains dengan mengaitkannya dengan aspek Indigenous Knowledge. Metode yang digunakan adalah Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). Tahapan pertama adalah analisis struktur konten yang terdiri dari analisis silabus, analisis konten, analisis konteks, penyusunan kisi-kisi soal dan penyusunan soal dan tahap kedua adalah melakukan penyelidikan empirik. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah non tes dengan instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar validasi soal (skala 1-5). Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus Aiken’s V. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 6 soal literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge dengan kategori valid dan 4 soal literasi sains berbasis Indigenous Knowledge dengan kategori sedang. Rata-rata nilai V secara keseluruhan adalah 0,86 dengan kategori valid.Kata-kata kunci: Instrumen penilaian, literasi sains, indigenous knowledge
A Comprehensive Review on Data Security and Threats for Data Management in Cloud Computing
Authors: Singh Dr. Satinderjeet
Published: November 2022

The cloud is a network of virtual computers that are linked together and may exhibit and offer computational capabilities continuously depending on certain Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that have been agreed between the parties to a contract between the clients and the internet provider. Cloud computing has several benefits, including endless computational resources, cheap cost, security controls, hypervisor protection, instantaneous elasticity, high throughput, and fault-tolerant solutions with increased performance. Since cloud computing is a comparatively recent computing model, there exists a lot of uncertainty about how well confidentiality of all levels, including host, network, data levels, and implementation, can be achieved. As a result, there still are important obstacles to cloud computing adoption. These constraints include security issues concerning privacy, compliance, and legal issues. When databases and software applications are moved from the cloud to large data centers, data management becomes a major challenge. Numerous security issues may develop while using cloud computing, including issues with privacy and control, virtualization and accessibility issues, confidentiality, management of credentials and identities, authentication of responding devices, and authenticity. In this paper, an effort is made to offer a comprehensive review of data security and threats in cloud computing.
Book Review: Intisari Agama-Agama Sedunia: Sebuah Ringkasan tentang 13 Agama Besar di Dunia
Authors: Aritonang Arthur
Published: November 2022

Buku ini ditulis oleh Hali, Ph.D yang merupakan dosen tetap di STT Aletheia. Buku ini dituliskan karena adanya pengalaman dari penulis yang pada waktu itu dipercayakan mengampu mata kuliah pendidikan agama-agama se-dunia di Universitas Pelita Harapan, ketika ia menyelidiki literatur mengenai buku agama-agama, ia menemukan buku-buku yang isinya terlalu sederhana tetapi ada juga buku-buku yang membahas terlalu dalam. Hali berkerinduan untuk menuliskan buku yang nantinya dapat memudahkan bagi pembaca umum yang rindu untuk mempelajari agama-agama yang isi penyajiannya masuk kepada butir-butir terpenting mengenai sejarah berdirinya agama beserta dengan pokok ajarannya. Adapun batasan agama yang dikaji dalam buku ini antara lain: Buddha, Hindu, Islam, Jainisme, Konfusianisme, Kristen, Manikheisme, Sikhisme, Shinto, Taoisme, Yudaisme, Zoroaster, dan Bahai. Selanjutnya, pada bagian sistematika penulisan, pertama pelapor akan menyajikan garis besarnya saja dari setiap bab lalu kesimpulan, sedangkan bagian kedua berisikan sebuah analisis kritis terhadap buku ini.
From Active to Passive: Conceptual Construction of Mission in the Indonesian Context Based on Isaiah 42:1-9
Authors: Sitorus Gideon Hasiholan
Published: November 2022

This article aims to present and offer a new mission model to renew the traditional mission known as plantation ecclesia or planting the Church amid non-Christian nations. This reality is created from the concept of the mission brought and carried out by the West in colonial territories. , known for its history of colonial expansion, which is understood as the subjugation of adherents of other religions to Christianity. This problem is the basis for the author to carry out a conceptual reconstruction of the mission through consideration of the plural Indonesian context. By setting aside a prescriptive attitude, the mission must be understood as a vocation for everyone to be a model for the world, in other words, to be present and live in the world as it is. It uses descriptive qualitative research methods and narrative analysis of Isaiah 42:1-9. This article closes with the conceptual construction of the mission so that the results show that passive missions can be an alternative. As a result, the mission is not only limited to spreading the faith that is outwardly or centrifugally centered but becomes an inward or centripetal-directed activity, citing A de Kuyper's thoughts. So from an active mission that focuses on finding people or expansive, it transforms into a passive mission that turns inward and rethinks how to get others to come.
Imunitas dan profil hematologi ayam persilangan pada pemberian protein pakan dan akses kandang pemeliharaan yang berbeda
Authors: Tri Hertamawati Rosa , Prasetyo Budi , Suryadi Ujang
Published: November 2022

Abstract 
This research aimed to determine the immunity and haematological profile of crossbreeds between Bangkok chickens and laying hens reared with access to indoor or outdoor cages and different dietary proteins. A total of 200 crossbreed chickens were randomly divided into 2 treatment factors, the first factor was the cage (A) (Indoor and Outdoor access) and the second factor was feed (B) (17% and 22% protein content). Each treatment had 5 replications; each replication consisted of 10 chickens. Observations were made on the relative weights of the bursa, thymus and spleen as well as the blood profile and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L). The results showed that feed and cages had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the relative weight of the bursa fabricius, the relative weight of the thymus and the relative weight of the spleen, while the interaction between feed and cage could affect the relative weight of the spleen. The haematological profile also did not show any difference due to the treatment of different feed protein content and cage access (p>0.05). These results indicate crossed chickens can adapt to indoor or outdoor cages with a minimum of 17% protein.
Keywords: Crossbreed local chickens; Percentage comparison of heterophils and lymphocytes; Relative weight of the spleen; The bursa fabricius; Thymus
 
Abstrak 
Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mempelajari imunitas profil hematologi dan ayam persilangan ayam Bangkok dan ayam Ras petelur yang dipelihara dengan akses kandang indoor atau outdoor dan kandungan protein pakan berbeda. Sebanyak 200 ekor ayam silangan secara acak dibagi dalam 2 faktor perlakuan, faktor pertama adalah kandang (A) (akses indoor dan outdoor) dan faktor kedua pakan (B) (kandungan protein 17% dan 22%). Setiap perlakuan terdapat 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam.  Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap bobot bursa fabrisius, timus, limpa dan profil darah serta rasio heterofil-limfosit (H/L). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pakan dan kandang tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (P>0,05) pada bobot relatif bursa fabrisius, bobot relatif timus dan bobot relatif limpa sedangkan interaksi antara pakan dan kandang mampu mempengaruhi bobot relatif limpa. Profil hematologi juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan akibat perlakuan kandungan protein pakan dan akses kandang yang berbeda (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan gambaran darah dan organ limfoid, ayam hasil persilangan dapat beradaptasi dengan kandang indoor maupun outdoor dengan pemberian protein minimal 17%. 
Kata kunci: Ayam lokal persilangan;, Bobot relatif limpa; Bursa fabrisius; Perbandingan persentase heterofil dan limfosit; Timus
High Order Side-Channel Security for Elliptic-Curve Implementations
Authors: Belaïd Sonia , Rivain Matthieu
Published: November 2022

Elliptic-curve implementations protected with state-of-the-art countermeasures against side-channel attacks might still be vulnerable to advanced attacks that recover secret information from a single leakage trace. The effectiveness of these attacks is boosted by the emergence of deep learning techniques for side-channel analysis which relax the control or knowledge an adversary must have on the target implementation. In this paper, we provide generic countermeasures to withstand these attacks for a wide range of regular elliptic-curve implementations. We first introduce a framework to formally model a regular algebraic program which consists of a sequence of algebraic operations indexed by key-dependent values. We then introduce a generic countermeasure to protect these types of programs against advanced single-trace side-channel attacks. Our scheme achieves provable security in the noisy leakage model under a formal assumption on the leakage of randomized variables. To demonstrate the applicability of our solution, we provide concrete examples on several widely deployed scalar multiplication algorithms and report some benchmarks for a protected implementation on a smart card.
MCRank: Monte Carlo Key Rank Estimation for Side-Channel Security Evaluations
Authors: Camurati Giovanni , Dell’Amico Matteo , Standaert François-Xavier
Published: November 2022

Key rank estimation provides a measure of the effort that the attacker has to spend bruteforcing the key of a cryptographic algorithm, after having gained some information from a side channel attack. We present MCRank, a novel method for key rank estimation based on Monte Carlo sampling. MCRank provides an unbiased estimate of the rank and a confidence interval. Its bounds rapidly become tight for increasing sample size, with a corresponding linear increase of the execution time. When applied to evaluate an AES-128 implementation, MCRank can be orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art histogram-based enumeration method for comparable bound tightness. It also scales better than previous work for large keys, up to 2048 bytes. Besides its conceptual simplicity and efficiency, MCRank can assess for the first time the security of large keys even if the probability distributions given the side channel leakage are not independent between subkeys, which occurs, for example, when evaluating the leakage security of an AES-256 implementation.
Don’t Learn What You Already Know
Authors: Masure Loïc , Cristiani Valence , Lecomte Maxime , Standaert François-Xavier
Published: November 2022

Over the past few years, deep-learning-based attacks have emerged as a de facto standard, thanks to their ability to break implementations of cryptographic primitives without pre-processing, even against widely used counter-measures such as hiding and masking. However, the recent works of Bronchain and Standaert at Tches 2020 questioned the soundness of such tools if used in an uninformed setting to evaluate implementations protected with higher-order masking. On the opposite, worst-case evaluations may be seen as possibly far from what a real-world adversary could do, thereby leading to too conservative security bounds. In this paper, we propose a new threat model that we name scheme-aware benefiting from a trade-off between uninformed and worst-case models. Our scheme-aware model is closer to a real-world adversary, in the sense that it does not need to have access to the random nonces used by masking during the profiling phase like in a worst-case model, while it does not need to learn the masking scheme as implicitly done by an uninformed adversary. We show how to combine the power of deep learning with the prior knowledge of scheme-aware modeling. As a result, we show on simulations and experiments on public datasets how it sometimes allows to reduce by an order of magnitude the profiling complexity, i.e., the number of profiling traces needed to satisfyingly train a model, compared to a fully uninformed adversary.
Innovative energy sources for Hyperloop high-speed transport
Authors: Kim K. K. , Panychev A. Yu. , Blazhko L. S.
Published: November 2022

This article describes an innovative design of a solar-wind generator for a distributed energy Hyperloop high-speed system. The knowhow of this development is to mount ﬂexible silicon solar panels (SP) on wind turbine blades, thus optimizing the thermal efﬁciency of solar panels. The basic dimensions of the wind turbine blades and the maximum internal ﬂow velocities at the blade outlet (tips) are presented. At low wind velocities, it is rational to locate solar panels on the outer end (or the tip) of a blade, rather than along the blade length.

The cooling effect can be increased by using materials with low thermal resistance for the SP and blades, or by reducing their thickness.

To increase the heat transfer coefﬁcient, it is recommended to use the airﬂow turbulence on the solar panel surface. In practice, this can be achieved both by changing the operating parameters and by introducing innovative design solutions.

For better cooling of solar panels, it is recommended to use the technology of a wind ﬂow sucked into the blade inner cavity. Changing the geometry of the outer end (tip) of the blades and the use of deﬂectors also give a better panel cooling parameters.
Промыслово-биологическая характеристика леща (Abramis brama L.) в Волгоградском водохранилище
Authors: Гашников Михаил Павлович , Шашуловский Владимир Анатольевич , Шибаев Сергей Вадимович
Published: November 2022

Исследованы биологические показатели леща (Abramis bra-ma L.) – одного из самых многочисленных видов и основного объекта промысла в Волгоградском водохранилище. Проанализированы данные по размерно-возрастному составу и количественным характеристикам леща в промысловых уловах различных типов орудий и на различных участках водоема. Согласно исследованиям 2014–2018 гг. популяция леща находится в стабильном состоянии. В уловах доминируют четырех-восьмилетки. В 90-е годы прошлого века возрастная структура была нестабильна и характеризовалась пилообразной кривой населения леща. По более ранним данным, с 1970–1998 гг. доминирующей возрастной группой также были четырех-восьмилетки. Показатели размерно-возрастных характеристик близки к среднемноголетним значениям. Средний возраст нерестовой части популяции составляет 6,3 года. Условия для нереста и нагульных угодий для молоди в 2018 г. были неблагоприятными. С 2016 г. по настоящее время можно наблюдать изменения в промысле после его реорганизации, заключающейся в выделении рыболовных участков по всей акватории Волгоградского водохранилища. Рост промышленного вылова с 371 до 472 т говорит о положительном эффекте реорганизации промысла. О стабильном состоянии популяции леща свиде-тельствует тот факт, что доминирующая возрастная группа осталась неизменной. Согласно динамике качественных характеристик леща, вылавливаемого различ-ными орудиями лова, интенсификация промысла является предельной.
Обоснование и выбор основных характеристик малого рыболовного судна с большой полнотой корпуса
Authors: Чуреев Евгений Андреевич , Романюта Дмитрий Александрович , Белоусов Виктор Андреевич , Николаев Игорь Игоревич
Published: November 2022

В статье рассматривается обоснованный выбор размерений рыболовного судна с большим коэффициентом полноты. Суда данного типа являются относительно новыми для Российской Федерации, поэтому в большинстве литературных источников информации по их проектированию недостаточно. Определение характеристик судна производилось путем решения классической задачи проектирования с использованием основных и второстепенных зависимостей. Для возможности составления уравнений проектирования было принято решение ввести дополнительную проектную стадию – аванпроект. Цель указанной стадии, или аванпроекта, – проработка архитектурно-конструктивного типа, раз-работка общего расположения и промысловой схемы судна, а также выполнение ряда проектных и проверочных расчетов для определения возможности или не-возможности создания нового судна данного типа, удовлетворяющего всем со-временным требованиям Правил Российского морского регистра судоходства. Ре-зультатом внедрения стадии аванпроекта судна является прототип для составле-ния системы уравнений, в которой были проанализированы массогабаритные ха-рактеристики корпуса судна, а также подготовлены и проведены модельные ис-пытания для возможности оценки мореходных качеств судна и составления урав-нения мощности. Решение системы уравнений проектирования позволяет опре-делить основные размерения и другие характеристики судна для последующих оптимизационных преобразований при создании нового проекта. Для решения поставленной задачи был разработан математический аппарат, в который вошли уравнения проектирования, в том числе уравнения плавучести, масс, вместимо-сти, коэффициента полноты ватерлинии, остойчивости, мощности, относительного удлинения, коэффициента продольной полноты, а также граничные условия и расчет экономических показателей будущего судна. Ключевым показателем экономической рентабельности проекта была определена эффективность капиталовложений. Для поиска наиболее эффективного судна выполнен вариативный расчет – решение системы уравнений с вариацией некоторых исходных данных. По результатам вариативного расчета определены наиболее удачные сочетания основных характеристик судна, обеспечивающих лучшие экономические показатели.