bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Control of Electric Charge of Weyl Fermions in Pyrochlore Iridates
Authors: Shen Shengchun , Oh Taekoo , Song Jeongkeun , Tian Di , Shu Xinyu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Fan , Yi Di , Noh Tae Won , Yang Bohm‐Jung , Li Yangyang , Yu Pu
Published: October 2024

Weyl fermions can exhibit exotic phenomena due to their magnetic charge in momentum space, while Weyl nodes are usually located away from Fermi energy, which forms electron or hole pockets as the electric charges. Previous studies have mostly focused on the magnetic charge, however, the electric charges are rarely explored. Here, the intriguing Hall responses arising from the interplay between magnetic and electric charges of Weyl fermions in pyrochlore iridates are reported. Explicitly, unexpected linear scaling is observed between the anomalous Hall conductivity and Hall carrier density in strained Nd2Ir2O7 thin films, and its slope shows a sign change approaching the Néel temperature of Nd. Theoretical calculations unveil that the cluster magnetic multipoles induce local energy inversion of Weyl nodes, which alters the electric charge of Weyl fermions and accounts for the observed nontrivial Hall responses. Moreover, the correlation between the magnetic and electric charges is further probed by voltage‐controlled hydrogenation, which leads to the suppression of the anomalous Hall effect through electron filling. This work not only reveals the essential role of the both magnetic and electric charges of Weyl fermions, but also demonstrates the hydrogenation as an effective tuning knob in exploring correlated topological properties.
Supramolecular Polymer Additives as Repairable Reinforcements for Dynamic Covalent Networks
Authors: van der Tol Joost J. B. , Hafeez Shahzad , Bänziger Andy P. G. , Su Hao , Heuts Johan P. A. , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine
Published: October 2024

Employing rigid (in)organic materials as reinforcement for dynamic covalent networks (DCNs) is an effective approach to develop high‐performance materials. Yet, recycling of these materials after failure often necessitates inefficient chemical reprocessing or inevitably alters their performance due to unrepairable inert components. Here, a non‐covalent reinforcement strategy is presented by introducing a supramolecular additive to a DCN that can reversibly depolymerize and reform on demand, therefore acting as an adaptive and repairable reinforcement. The strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions in the supramolecular polymer of triazine‐1,3,5‐tribenzenecarboxamide (S‐T) strengthen the DCN at room temperature, while its non‐covalent nature allows for easy one‐pot reprocessing at high temperatures. Depending on wether S‐T is covalently bond to the DCN or not, it can play either the role of compatibilizer or filler, providing a synthetic tool to control the relaxation dynamics, reprocessability and mechanical properties. Moreover, the S‐T reinforcement can be chemically recovered with high yield and purity, showcasing the recyclability of the composite. This conceptually novel supramolecular reinforcement strategy with temperature‐controlled dynamics highlights the potential of supramolecular polymer additives to replace conventional unrepairable reinforcements.
A Sensitive MOF⊃Dye Hydrogel for Visual Recognition of Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Zhou Zixuan , Kong Weile , Zhang Ying , Wang Lei , Sun Yaguang , Zhu Mingchang , Wu Shuangyan
Published: October 2024

Development of new multi‐ratiometric fluorescence probes has been a popular research field. This approach provides richer and more accurate information for the recognition of different substances which have similar chemical and physical properties. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor UIO‐66⊃FL/RhB is successfully constructed by incorporating fluorescein (FL) and rhodamine B (RhB) to the UIO‐66. With the addition of fluoroquinolones (FQs), the prepared UIO‐66⊃FL/RhB sensor can be used for the 2D emission‐fingerprint map, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) in recognition the presence of each FQs. The fluorescence probe offers a broad linear range (0‐8 µM) and a low detection limit (3.7 nM) in sensing ofloxacin. In addition, a smartphone‐assisted portable sensing platform and a portable UIO‐66⊃FL/RhB hydrogel test material are constructed successfully for screening before fluorescence detection. This study proposes a novel multi‐ratiometric fluorescence probe, which can recognize different FQs. Besides, the UIO‐66⊃FL/RhB‐based hydrogel beads are construction for screening before the detection of FQs, which established a promising strategy for the simple and accurate discrimination of FQs.
Combined Gold and Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl‐2H‐Indazoles from 2‐Alkynylazobenzenes
Authors: Mañas Clara , Merino Estíbaliz
Published: October 2024

We disclose the intramolecular synthesis of 3‐alkenyl‐2H‐indazoles from 2‐alkynylazobenzenes, promoted by a dual catalysis using AuCl3 and a ruthenium photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. This reaction proceeds through hydroamination of the alkynyl fragment. The yields are influenced by electronic factors. Control experiments suggest that both radical and polar mechanisms operate in parallel. This transformation involves C−N bond formation and a 1,2‐hydride shift. Additionally, derivatization was performed to demonstrate the versatility of this methodology.
Selenylation/Cyclization of 1‐(2‐(Allyloxy)aryl)‐1H‐indoles Access to Seleno‐Benzo[2,3][1,4]oxazepino[4,5‐a]indole Derivatives
Authors: Liao Hailin , Pan Mei , Zhao Haicheng , Qian Yuliang , Liu Jiyao , Liu Xiaoqin , Rong Liangce
Published: October 2024

The iron (ІІІ)‐promoted tandem cyclization of 1‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)‐1H‐indoles with diselenides has been developed for the preparation of seleno‐benzo[2,3][1,4]oxazepino[4,5‐a]indole derivatives. The investigation to determine the best reaction conditions indicated the use of 1‐(2‐(allyloxy)aryl)‐1H‐indoles (0.2 mmol) with diselenides (1.5 equiv.) and iron(III) chloride (1.5 equiv.) in acetonitrile at room temperature under air, and more than 48 examples were obtained. The reaction features access to selenized 7‐membered containing nitrogen‐oxygen heterocyclic skeleton, which also represents a 7‐exo‐trig cyclization process of 1‐(2‐((2‐methylallyl)oxy)aryl)‐1H‐indoles and diselenides.
Divergent Reactivity of E/Z‐Azobenzene‐Based Phosphine‐Gold Catalysts: Toward an ON‐ON Catalytic Photoswitch Process
Authors: Goual Nawel , Maisonneuve Stéphane , Medici Fabrizio , Retailleau Pascal , Gallard Jean‐François , Xie Joanne , Gandon Vincent , Marinetti Angela , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: October 2024

This work discloses a strategy for the implementation of ON‐ON organometallic catalytic processes using photoresponsive phosphine ligands. The approach leverages on the regiodivergent reactivity of mono‐ and bimetallic gold complexes that results from π‐ vs σ,π‐activations of alkynyl‐substituted urea substrates, for the selective formation of either dihydroquinazolinone or indole‐carboxamide products, via intramolecular hydroamidation.
Dynamic Wavelength‐Selective Diffraction and Absorption with Direct‐Patterned Hydrogel Metagrating
Authors: Dai Chenjie , Li Xinglong , Yang Wen‐xing , Chen Yan , Zheng Dingshan , Cheng Nian , Shui Tao , Zhang Huafeng , Li Zhongyang
Published: October 2024

Hydrogel nanophotonic devices exhibit attractive tunable capabilities in structural coloration and optical display. However, current hydrogel‐based tunable strategies are mostly based on a single physical mechanism, and it remains a challenge to merge multiple mechanisms for active devices with integrated functionalities. Here, a hydrogel metagrating combining Fabry‐Pérot (FP) resonance and diffraction effects is proposed for achieving tunable absorption and dynamic wavelength‐selective beam steering. Through exploiting hydrogel shrinkage under electron‐beam exposure, a hydrogel nanocavity composed of Ag/Hydrogel/Ag three‐layer films can be directly printed with arbitrary patterns, enabling the direct‐pattering technique of metagrating. The hydrogel nanocavity performs as an FP‐type absorber, and its absorption peak rapidly shifts with humidity variation due to the hydrogel layer scaling. The response speed is <320 ms, and the absorption peak shift range is >150 nm. It is further demonstrated that the hydrogel metagrating exclusively deflects light at the resonance wavelength, and its operating wavelength can be actively switched by regulating ambient humidity. The proposed tunable hydrogel metagrating can promote new technologies of tunable metasurfaces for optical filtering, gas sensing, and optical imaging.
Annual report on National Clinical Database 2021 for gastroenterological surgery in Japan
Authors: Ito Sunao , Takahashi Arata , Ueno Hideki , Takiguchi Shuji , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Eguchi Susumu , Goi Takanori , Saiura Akio , Sasaki Akira , Takeuchi Hiroya , Tanaka Chie , Hashimoto Masaji , Hiki Naoki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Matsuda Satoru , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Yuko , Shirabe Ken
Published: October 2024

Aim

The Japanese National Clinical Database, which covers more than 95% of the surgeries performed in Japan, is the largest nationwide database. This is the 2021 annual report of the Gastroenterological Section of the National Clinical Database, which aims to present the short‐term outcomes of cases registered in 2021 and discuss significant changes and insights into gastroenterological surgeries observed over the decade.

Methods

We reviewed the data of patients registered in the National Clinical Database between 2012 and 2021.

Results

In total, 5 788 093 cases, including 597 780 cases in 2021, were extracted from the National Clinical Database. The number of surgeries resumed its original trend after a uniform decrease due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The patient population continues to age, and the proportion of female patients is steadily increasing. The trend of surgeries being conducted in certified institutions with the involvement of board‐certified surgeons is consistently rising. Moreover, the increasing trend of endoscopic surgery rate is still maintained. Although operative mortality is declining, the trend of increasing postoperative complications continues. Surgery on the esophagus, liver, and pancreas has shown substantial improvements in operative mortality, with a high participation rate of board‐certified surgeons. Surgical procedures with a high incidence of emergency surgeries are characterized by low participation rates of board‐certified surgeons, increased morbidity rates, and worse mortality outcomes.

Conclusion

This overview of surgical patients in Japan, obtained using data extracted from the National Clinical Database, may serve as a critical cornerstone for the future development of gastroenterological surgery.
Polydopamine‐Mediated Contact‐Electro‐Catalysis for Efficient Partial Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Jia Taikang , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Chuanqi , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenzhong
Published: October 2024

The direct conversion and efficient utilization of methane pose a critical scientific challenge. Indirect activation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) offers a high probability of contact with methane and conversion efficiency under mild conditions. However, reported product yields are suboptimal due to challenges in activating oxygen and facilitating mass transfer in suspension systems. We propose the use of contact‐electro‐catalysis (CEC), employing polydopamine (PDA) as a catalyst that undergoes electron transfer with oxygen under ultrasound, generating ROS that drives the partial oxidation of methane (POM). Corresponding experimental results indicate that CH3OH and most HCHO are produced directly from CH4. Furthermore, through in situ characterizations, we have shown that light pretreatment of the catalysts in an oxygenated atmosphere facilitates the forming of more C=O functional groups with strong electron‐withdrawing properties, thereby significantly enhancing overall product yields, particularly for CH3OH. Within two hours, product yields reach 1.5 mmol gcat−1 for HCHO and 0.9 mmol gcat−1 for CH3OH. This work introduces a novel approach for efficient POM, while highlighting the distinctive catalytic properties of PDA.
Adsorbate Resonance Induces Water‐Metal Bonds in Electrochemical Interfaces
Authors: Nygaard Marcus F. , Nielsen Martin L. S. , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the intricate interactions between surface‐near species, OH and H2O, on electrodes in electrochemical interfaces. These species are an inevitable part of many electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction. In our modeling, we utilize high statistics on a dataset of complex solid solutions with high atomic variability to show the emergence of H2O‐metal covalent bonds under specific conditions. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations of adsorption energies on many thousands of different surface compositions, we provide a quantifiable physical understanding of this induced water covalency, which is rooted in simple quantum mechanics. Directional hydrogen bonding between surface‐near H2O and OH, enables surface bonding electrons to delocalize, mediated by near‐symmetrical adsorbate resonance structures. The different adsorbate resonance structures differ by surface coordination explaining the induced H2O‐metal bonding.
Reply to the Correspondence on “Visible Light‐Switchable Chalcone‐Flavylium Photochromic Systems in Aqueous Media”
Authors: Lal Maity Manik , Mahato Samyadeb , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: October 2024

In a Correspondence on our previous work, “Visible light‐switchable chalcone flavylium photochromic systems in aqueous media” published in this journal in 2023, Pina et al. comment on certain aspects of our work, raising skepticism and questions about the switching of the chalcone‐flavylium systems. We appreciate their comments and acknowledge the remarkable contribution of Pina and co‐workers in this field. In this Reply, additional data, control experiments, clarifications, and discussions are presented to justify our statements.
Single Molecular Dispersion of Crown Ether‐Decorated Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Carbon Nanotubes for Robust CO2 Reduction through Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Yi‐Xuan , Chen Li‐Juan , Li Jian , Zhou Shuai , Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Xu‐Zhe , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: October 2024

Immobilizing molecular catalysts on electro‐conductive supports (for example, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, CNTs) represent a promising way to well‐defined catalyst/support interfaces, which has shown appreciable performance for catalytic transformation. However, their full potential is far from achieved due to insufficient utilization of the intrinsic activity for each immobilized molecular catalyst, especially at loadings that should allow decent current densities. In the present work, we discover host–guest interaction between tetra‐crown ether substituted cobalt phthalocyanine and metal ions, for example K+ ions, not only eliminate catalyst aggregation at immobilization procedures but also reinforce catalyst/support interactions by additional electrostatic attractions under operational conditions. Through simple dip‐coating procedures, a successful single molecular dispersion is achieved. Such a catalyst/electrode interface is stable and can selectively catalyze CO2‐to‐CO conversion with Faradaic efficiency over 96%. Importantly, this interface maintains an almost unchanged turnover frequency (TOF) across all loading conditions, implying a full utilization of the intrinsic activity of supported molecular catalysts. Therefore, a simultaneous achievement of high TOF and high current density (TOF of 111 s−1 at 38 mA cm−2) is achieved, in an aqueous H‐type electrolyzer at an overpotential of 570 mV.
Green Synthesized Biogenic Ag Nanoparticles With Enhanced Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activities: Catalytic Applications in the ipso‐Hydroxylation of Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Das Asit Kumar , Ali Md Sattar , Misra Arindam , Islam Sahidul , Kar Binoy , Biswas Smritikana , Ghatak Gaurav , Mal Dasarath , Shit Manik , Dolai Malay , Das Aniruddha
Published: October 2024

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant sources is one of the most environmentally sound, economically safer, and operationally simple approaches compared with their physiochemical methods. In this work, we have developed the biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using the aqueous peel extract of Punica granatum L. fruit, which mitigates the requirement for any hazardous reagents or toxic chemicals. The ultraviolet‐visible spectrum confirmed the formation of Ag@PPE NPs with an absorption peak at 420 nm. The X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms that the biosynthesized Ag@PPE NPs are crystalline, with a crystallite size of 9.23 nm. SEM and TEM images revealed the spherical morphology of Ag@PPE NPs, with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 20 nm. The biosynthesized Ag@PPE NPs were explored as antimicrobial agents against both Gram‐positive (CA‐MRSA) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria as well as Candida albicans (ATCC 14053). The mean zone of inhibition against the CA‐MRSA group was 15.34 ± 2.5 mm, while it was 12.33 ± 1.5 mm against E. coli. In this study, Ag@PPE NPs demonstrated strong antibiofilm activity and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the catalytic applicability of the synthesized Ag@PPE NPs has been investigated for the oxidative hydroxylation of differently substituted aryl boronic acids into phenols at room temperature. The reaction proceeded efficiently in a short reaction time, and the desired products were obtained with high to excellent yields (82%–94%). Notably, the nanocatalyst can be recovered in five consecutive runs without decreasing its catalytic performance. The plausible mechanism of this ipso‐hydroxylation reaction is well presented.
Coefficient‐based conditions of matrix‐valued real‐rational proper negative imaginary functions
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Liu , Lu Yufeng
Published: October 2024

This paper mainly gives sufficient coefficient‐based conditions of matrix‐valued real‐rational proper negative imaginary (NI) functions. The proper NI functions can be divided into three cases by relative order, namely, NI functions with relative order 0, 1, and 2. Based on the relationship between NI functions with poles at 0 and without poles at 0, as well as coefficient‐based conditions of positive real functions, sufficient coefficient‐based conditions are shown of NI functions with relative order 1 and 2. These main results are related to the numerical radius and Crawford number of matrices. Moreover, they are supplements to some existing results. NI functions with relative order 0 can be changed into the case of relative order 1, and the sufficient coefficient‐based conditions are also obtained of NI functions with relative order 0. In addition, the coefficient‐based conditions can be used to construct interval NI functions, and some examples are given to illustrate the main results.
Investigate the metabolic changes in intestinal diseases by employing a 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics approach on Caco‐2 cells treated with cedrol
Authors: Xu Mo‐Rong , Lin Chia‐Hsin , Wang Chung Hsuan , Wang Sheng‐Yang
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction may precipitate intestinal dysfunction, while inflammatory bowel disease manifests as a chronic inflammatory ailment affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This condition disrupts the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium and alters metabolic products. Increasing mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells presents a promising avenue for colitis treatments. Nevertheless, the impact of cedrol on ATP and the intestinal barrier remains unexplored. Hence, this study is dedicated to examining the cedrol's protective effect on an inflammatory cocktail (IC)–induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco‐2 cells. The finding reveals that cedrol enhances ATP content and the transepithelial electrical resistance value in the intestinal epithelial barrier. Moreover, cedrol mitigates the IC‐induced decrease in the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin, and Claudin‐1), thereby ameliorating intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)–based metabolomic analysis indicated that IC‐exposed Caco‐2 cells are restored by cedrol treatments. Notably, cedrol elevates metabolites such as amino acids, thereby enhancing the intestinal barrier. In conclusion, cedrol alleviates IC‐induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by promoting ATP‐dependent proliferation of Caco‐2 cells and bolstering amino acid levels to sustain tight junction messenger ribonucleic acid expression.
An Updated Review Summarizing the Anticancer Potential of Poly(Lactic‐co‐Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Based Curcumin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Resveratrol Nanocarriers
Authors: Pandey Pratibha , Verma Meenakshi , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Pandey Shivam , Kumar M. Ravi , Bhat Mahakshit , Sharma Shilpa , Alam Mir Waqas , Khan Fahad
Published: October 2024

The utilization of nanoformulations derived from natural products for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, is a rapidly developing field. Conventional therapies used for cancer treatment have limited efficacy and a greater number of adverse effects. Hence, it is imperative to develop innovative anticancer drugs with superior effectiveness. Among the diverse array of natural anticancer compounds, resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have gained considerable attention in recent years. Despite their strong anticancer properties, medicinally significant phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, and EGCG have certain disadvantages, such as limited solubility in water, stability, and bioavailability problems. Encapsulating these phytochemicals in poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible, is an effective method for delivering medication to the tumor location. In addition, PLGA nanoparticles can be modified with targeting molecules to specifically target cancer cells, thereby improving the effectiveness of phytochemicals in fighting tumors. Combining plant‐based medicine (phytotherapy) with nanotechnology in a clinical environment has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of drugs and improve the overall health outcomes of patients. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the different aspects and recent advancements in using PLGA‐based nanocarriers for delivering anticancer phytochemicals. This review addresses the most recent advancements in PLGA‐based delivery systems for resveratrol, EGCG, and curcumin, emphasizing the possibility of resolving issues related to the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of these compounds.
Rehabilitation Response in Tremor‐ and Non‐Tremor‐Dominant Parkinson Disease: A Task‐fMRI Study
Authors: Chen Keke , Wang Songjian , Wen Qiping , Jin Zhaohui , Wang Yixuan , Meng Detao , Yu Xin , Wang Mengyue , Lin Meng , Li Youwei , Li Chunlin , Fang Boyan
Published: October 2024

Background

Tremor‐dominant (TD) and nontremor‐dominant (NTD) Parkinson's disease (PD) showed different responses to rehabilitation. However, the neural mechanism behind this remains unclear.

Methods

This cohort study explores changes in motor function, brain activation, and functional connectivity following 2 weeks of rehabilitation in TD‐PD and NTD‐PD patients, respectively. A total of 11 TD‐PD patients, 24 NTD‐PD patients, and 21 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. At baseline, all participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing the foot tapping task. Motor symptoms, gait, balance, and task‐based fMRI were then evaluated in patients before and after rehabilitation.

Results

Compared to HCs, TD‐PD patients showed increased activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and the right insula, and NTD‐PD patients showed increased activations in the left postcentral gyrus and decreased within‐cerebellar connectivity at baseline. Rehabilitation improved motor function in PD patients regardless of motor subtype. TD‐PD patients showed increased recruitments of the sensorimotor cortex and the bilateral thalamus after rehabilitation, and NTD‐PD patients showed increased cerebellar activation and within‐cerebellar connectivity that was associated with better motor performance.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that rehabilitation‐induced brain functional reorganization varied by motor subtypes in PD, which may have important implications for making individualized rehabilitation programs.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR1900020771
Urine Albumin‐to‐Creatinine Ratio as an Indicator of Brain Activity Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Yu Yangjie , Zhang Jun‐Peng , Wang Zhen , Li Juan , Hua Xu‐Yun , Pan Junjie , Dong Rui
Published: October 2024

Objective

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for alterations in brain function. However, detecting early‐stage symptoms and structural changes remains challenging, potentially leading to delayed treatment. In our study, we aimed to investigate spontaneous brain activity changes in CKD patients using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Additionally, we explored the correlation between common biomarkers reflecting CKD severity and brain activity.

Methods

We recruited a cohort of 22 non–dialysis‐dependent CKD patients and 22 controls for resting‐state fMRI scans. Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to evaluate brain activity. Regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between biomarkers reflecting the severity of CKD and brain activity.

Results

CKD patients exhibited reduced z‐scored ALFF (zALFF) and mean ALFF (mALFF) in the bilateral putamen, right caudate nucleus, left anterior cingulate, and right precuneus. Changes in bilateral putamen were also found in smCohe‐ReHo and szCohe‐ReHo analyses. Urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR), urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin levels were associated with attenuated putamen activity.

Conclusion

Non–dialysis‐dependent CKD patients had changes in zALFF, mALFF, smCohe‐ReHo, and szCohe‐ReHo values in specific brain regions, especially bilateral putamen. UACR, UPCR, and serum albumin levels are associated with putamen activity attenuation in rs‐fMRI.
Design and Evaluation of Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Dimerization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhao Zhiyi , Li Xiaoying , Chen Yian , Liu Lu , Zhang Shao‐Lin , Yang Aimin
Published: October 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously impacted public health. The evolutionarily conserved viral chymotrypsin‐like main protease (Mpro) is an important target for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drug development. Previous studies have shown that the eight N‐terminal amino acids (N8) of SARS‐CoV Mpro are essential for its dimerization, and are used to design inhibitors against SARS‐CoV Mpro dimerization. Here, we established a simple readout assay using SDS‐PAGE and Coomassie blue staining to measure inhibitory activity of N8 peptide derived from SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro. To optimize its inhibitory effect, we then modified the side‐chain length, charge, and hydrophilicity of the N8 peptide, and introduced a mutated Mpro recognition sequence. As a result, we obtained a series of potent peptide inhibitors against SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro, with N8‐A24 being the most efficient with an IC50 value of 1.44 mM. We observed that N8‐A24 reduced Mpro dimerization with an IC50 value of 0.86 mM. Molecular docking revealed that N8‐A24 formed hydrogen bond interactions with critical dimeric interface residues, thus inhibiting its dimerization and activity. In conclusion, our study not only discovers a series of peptide inhibitors targeting the SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro dimerization, but also provides a promising strategy for the rational design of new inhibitors against COVID‐19.
Zirconia single retainer fixed dental prostheses for the posterior region—A novel preparation technique and literature review
Authors: Andrei Adam Dragoș , Constantin Cândea Adrian , Tabitha Avram Liane , Anca Jivănescu
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

The principles of tissue preservation, minimally invasiveness and approaching different clinical situations biologically rather than surgically govern today's dentistry. Thus, different clinical scenarios require procedures that offer the dentist and the patient the possibility to choose the more invasive treatment options later in life. Subsequently, the case reported refers to a minimally invasive technique that treats single tooth edentulism using single partial retainer FDPs fabricated from monolithic zirconia. This approach is conservative, biocompatible, aesthetic, strong, rapidly obtained through CAD/CAM techniques and cost‐effective.
Closure of a secondary tracheoesophageal fistula in severe pneumonia using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II during invasive mechanical ventilation: A case report
Authors: Fu Meng , Wang Dongsheng , Wang Jialiang , Xu Qixia , Cao Lejie , Zhang Junqiang
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Early and timely closure of secondary tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is crucial for critically ill patients. For those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADO II) can be used as an emergency therapeutic option to rapidly close secondary TEF, providing opportunities for subsequent treatments.

Secondary tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a life‐threatening condition characterized by high mortality, high recurrence rates, and multiple complications. Reports on the management of secondary TEF in critically ill patients are limited due to the challenges in treatment and the lack of suitable therapeutic options. We report a case of secondary TEF in a 69‐year‐old male diagnosed with severe pneumonia, whose condition deteriorated rapidly following the onset of TEF. Despite invasive mechanical ventilation, maintaining blood oxygen saturation above 80% was unachievable due to the TEF. Bedside bronchoscopy revealed expansion TEF expansion caused by gastrointestinal fluid reflux and respiratory machine pressure. The TEF was urgently closed using an ADO II device during invasive mechanical ventilation to prevent further deterioration. After the patient's condition stabilized, the ADO II was replaced with a Y‐shaped tracheal membrane‐covered stent for further TEF management. The patient's condition improved, meeting the criteria for liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation, and bedside chest X‐rays revealed a gradual resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Selecting appropriate treatment modalities for early and timely closure of secondary TEF is crucial for critically ill patients. ADO II can serve as a rescue therapy to achieve rapid closure of secondary TEF in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation support, providing opportunities and time for subsequent treatment.
From Bodenstein to Péclet – Dimensionless Numbers for Axial Dispersion in Chemical Reactors
Authors: Bremer Jens , Turek Thomas
Published: October 2024

In the present contribution, the historical development of dimensionless numbers describing axial mixing effects in chemical reactors is analyzed. While the Bodenstein number has become established in Europe, the American literature often uses the Péclet number for this purpose. A journey through the historical reaction engineering literature shows that the development was complex and that Langmuir's decisive role in particular has hardly been acknowledged to date. Unfortunately, despite decades of using dimensionless numbers for mass and heat transport in chemical reactors, no consensus has yet been reached on a uniformly accepted nomenclature. To remedy this shortcoming, a proposal for consistently defined numbers at the molecular and the reactor level is made.
The High‐Sensitivity HEART Pathway Safely Reduces Hospitalizations Regardless of Sex or Race in a Multisite Prospective US Cohort
Authors: Veasey Campbell J. , Snavely Anna C. , Kearns Zechariah L. , Ashburn Nicklaus P. , Hashemian Tara , Mahler Simon A.
Published: October 2024

Background

The high‐sensitivity HEART pathway (hs‐HP) risk stratifies emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain. It is unknown if its safety and effectiveness vary by sex or race.

Methods

We conducted a subgroup analysis of the hs‐HP implementation study, a pre−post interrupted time series at five US EDs. The pre‐implementation period (January 2019 to April 2020) utilized the traditional HEART pathway with contemporary troponin (Siemens) and the post‐implementation period (November 2020 to February 2022) used the hs‐HP using hs‐cTnI (Beckman Coulter). Patients were risk‐stratified using the hs‐HP to rule‐out, observation, and rule‐in groups. Safety and effectiveness outcomes were 30‐day all‐cause mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) and 30‐day hospitalization.

Results

Twenty‐six thousand and one hundred twenty‐six patients were accrued (12 317 pre‐ and 13 809 post‐implementation), of which 35.3% were non‐White and 52.7% were female. Among 9703 patients with complete hs‐HP assessments, 48.6% of White and 55.4% of non‐White patients were ruled‐out (p < 0.001). Additionally, 47.3% of males and 54.4% of females were ruled‐out (p < 0.001). Among rule‐out patients, 0.3% of White versus 0.3% of non‐White patients (p = 0.98) and 0.3% of females versus males 0.3% (p = 0.90) experienced 30‐day death or MI. Post‐implementation, 30‐day hospitalization decreased 17.2% among White patients (aOR 0.49, 95% CI: 0.45−0.52), 14.1% among non‐White patients (aOR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.48−0.59), 15.6% among females (aOR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.46−0.54), and 16.6% among males (aOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.47−0.56). The interactions for 30‐day hospitalization between hs‐HP implementation and race (p = 0.10) and sex (p = 0.69) were not significant.

Conclusions

The hs‐HP safely decreases 30‐day hospitalizations regardless of sex or race. However, it classifies more non‐White patients and women to the rule‐out group.
Urea‐based construction of hydrogen bonding networks for poly(biphenyl alkylene)s anion exchange membrane for fuel cells
Authors: Gu Yiman , Chi Xiaoyu , Dong Tianming , Zhang Yanchao , Li Zhanyu , Wang Zhe
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, the “trade‐off” problem of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) has been a concern. Herein, a series of urea‐based multication poly(biphenyl alkylene)s AEMs are prepared by obtaining an ether bond‐free backbone through ultra‐strong acid catalysis, grafting it with multication side chains, and then by accessing urea‐based groups in different ratios. By accessing the urea group, noncovalent bonds are used to link the molecules to act as cross‐links, giving them solubility that chemical cross‐links do not have. The PBTA‐DQA‐35U membrane possessed the highest ionic conductivity of 62.43 mS/cm. Compared with the PBTA‐DQA membrane (80°C, WU = 20.45%, SR = 17.67%), the PBTA‐DQA‐25U membrane showed an increase in water uptake but not much change in swelling (WU = 30.23%, SR = 19.36%), which was attributed to the fact that the hydrophilic urea groups provide cation transport sites while hydrogen bonding inhibits membrane swelling. The PBTA‐DQA‐35U ionic conductivity is retained above 75% after 960 h of alkali stability testing. The power density of the MEA device assembled using PBTA‐DQA‐35U membrane is 421.78 mW/cm2.
One‐Step Green‐Synthesized UiO‐66‐NH2 /Alginate Composite Hydrogels with Improved Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Qiu Wenwen , Mao Huimin , Zheng Chaolun , Zhang Wanjie , Zhang Qiushuang , Wang Jianquan , Shao Ziqiang
Published: October 2024

Zirconium‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) represent an important class of MOFs with high stability and outstanding properties, the green preparation and shaping of which are still challengeable works to hinder their real‐world applications. In this presentation, UiO‐66‐NH2 MOFs were in‐situ grown accompanied by alginate (Alg) hydrogelation under aqueous conditions, achieving UiO‐66‐NH2/Alg composite hydrogels. Relevant characterizations demonstrate the in‐situ generated UiO‐66‐NH2 MOFs were evenly distributed in hydrogel networks by attaching on Alg fiber surfaces. The network structure became denser, but both specific surface area and pore volume were augmented due to the presence of MOFs, which in turn increased active sites to interact with adsorbates. Thus, the adsorption capacity to methylene blue (MB) of composite hydrogels became higher with more dosage of MOF ligand, and the pH sensitivity of Alg adsorption to MB in the pH range of 4 to 10 was eliminated. Furthermore, the study of adsorption kinetics and isotherm reveals MB adsorption on the obtained hydrogels belong to rate controlling chemisorption mechanism. In summary, this manuscript presents a facile approach to realizing the green synthesis and shaping of Zr‐MOFs by one‐step compositing of UiO‐66‐NH2 with Alg‐based hydrogels in aqueous system, achieving MOFs‐based composite hydrogels with enhanced MB adsorption.
Camellia oleifera trunks detection and identification based on improved YOLOv7
Authors: Wang Haorui , Liu Yang , Luo Hong , Luo Yuanyin , Zhang Yuyan , Long Fei , Li Lijun
Published: October 2024

Camellia oleifera typically thrives in unstructured environments, making the identification of its trunks crucial for advancing agricultural robots towards modernization and sustainability. Traditional target detection algorithms, however, fall short in accurately identifying Camellia oleifera trunks, especially in scenarios characterized by small targets and poor lighting. This article introduces an enhanced trunk detection algorithm for Camellia oleifera based on an improved YOLOv7 model. This model incorporates dynamic snake convolution instead of standard convolutions to bolster its feature extraction capabilities. It integrates more contextual information, thus enhancing the model's generalization ability across various scenes. Additionally, coordinate attention is introduced to refine the model's spatial feature representation, amplifying the network's focus on essential target region features, which in turn boosts detection accuracy and robustness. This feature selectively strengthens response levels across different channels, prioritizing key attributes for classification and localization. Moreover, the original coordinate loss function of YOLOv7 is replaced with EIoU loss, further enhancing the model's robustness and convergence speed. Experimental results demonstrate a recall rate of 96%, a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.9%, an F1 score of 0.87, and a detection speed of 18 milliseconds per frame. When compared with other models like Faster‐RCNN, YOLOv3, ScaledYOLOv4, YOLOv5, and the original YOLOv7, our improved model shows mAP increases of 8.1%, 7.0%, 7.5%, and 6.6% respectively. Occupying only 70.8 MB, our model requires 9.8 MB less memory than the original YOLOv7. This model not only achieves high accuracy and detection efficiency but is also easily deployable on mobile devices, providing a robust foundation for future intelligent harvesting technologies.
Evaluation of Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Chemotherapeutics Using Daphnia magna as a Preclinical Model
Authors: Mohammed Qudrathulla Khan Quadri , Kancha Rama Krishna
Published: October 2024

One of the major concerns following cancer treatment is cardiotoxicity. Therefore, it is important to predict potential cardiotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutics at the preclinical phase. Current models of cardiotoxicity testing involve either cell culture models or rodent models. We developed a simple invertebrate animal model for rapid screening of cardiotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutics. Daphnia magna (water flea, a crustacean) has a transparent body and a large myogenic heart that can be easily monitored under a microscope. Using this model, we have previously described comparative cardiotoxicity of several kinase inhibitors that were approved for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this article, we describe the step‐wise protocols for evaluating the heart rate and survival of D. magna with relevant information on troubleshooting. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Culturing and maintenance of D. magna

Basic Protocol 2: Experimental design for evaluating heart rate of Daphnia

Basic Protocol 3: Long‐term effect on Daphnia survival upon drug exposure
The impact of corporate environmental reporting on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Ghana (Csr‐24‐2036)
Authors: Saeed Musah Mohammed , Mohammed Shahin Sultana , Kumari Manisha , Pandey Ghanshyam
Published: October 2024

A growing number of businesses are facing criticism for engaging in environmentally damaging practices. Despite advancements in technology and operational efficiency, the environmental challenges confronting businesses have become increasingly urgent. As disclosure requirements have expanded, the importance of reporting standards for environmental sustainability has risen. This study explores the impact of corporate environmental reporting on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Ghana. It analyses 10 years (2012–2021) of annual reports from 20 publicly traded manufacturing companies, using panel regression and content analysis to assess the data. The findings reveal that environmental sustainability disclosure has a positive and significant effect on return on equity (ROE) and net profit margin. Furthermore, disclosures related to health, safety, and community development initiatives have a strong positive impact on ROE. The study recommends that policymakers develop guidelines, especially for environmental reporting, to aid firms in preparing their annual reports. It also suggests that corporate accountants expand their expertise and collaborate with environmental and ecological experts. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and provides a foundation for further investigation into the effects of corporate environmental reporting on the performance of listed firms in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Downregulation of short‐stature homeobox protein 2 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and stemness in vitro and in vivo via inactivating wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Li Shuai , Sun Binghua
Published: October 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) a prevalent form of cancer globally. Previous research suggests that SHOX2 may have a role in promoting cancer progression. However, the role of SHOX2 in GC is not well understood. Based on data from TCGA_GC data set, SHXO2 levels were examined in normal and GC tissues. Patients in the TCGA_GC cohort were divided into high‐ and low‐SHOX2 level groups for analysis of overall survival (OS), functional enrichment, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of SHOX2 on GC cell function through gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. Utilizing data from public databases, SHOX2 mRNA levels were found to be elevated in GC tissues compared to normal control, this finding was confirmed by RT‐qPCR, western blot analysis, and immune‐histochemical analyses. Elevated SHOX2 levels could serve as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in GC patients. Furthermore, SHOX2 levels had a negative correlation with CD8 T cells and CD4 memory activated T cells, and a positive correlation with of M0 macrophages in GC patients. Functional analyses revealed that SHOX2 deficiency notably suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, SHOX2 deficiency was shown to suppress stemness in GC cells in vitro and in vivo via inactivating wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Collectively, SHOX2 may serve as a prognostic marker for GC patients, and downregulation of SHOX2 could effectively impede GC cell growth and stemness by inactivating the wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of SHOX2 as a promising therapeutic target for GC.
Measuring Socioeconomic and Stress Disparities in Infant Declarative Memory Using the Visual Paired Comparison Task
Authors: Rosengarten Mindy L. , Sandre Aislinn , Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Shuffrey Lauren C. , Amarante Melina , Bakhoya Marion , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: October 2024

Research suggests that socioeconomic circumstances and stress predict memory skills in adults and older children, yet few studies have addressed this question in infancy. The current study used the visual‐paired comparison paradigm to examine whether socioeconomic circumstances, maternal perceived stress, and/or maternal physiological stress, all measured prenatally, predict memory performance among 6‐month‐old infants. We found no significant associations between infant memory and any measure of socioeconomic circumstance or stress. Potential explanations for these null findings are discussed.
Soil animal communities demonstrate simplification without homogenization along an urban gradient
Authors: Bock Hayden W. , Groffman Peter M. , Sparks Jed P. , Rossi Frank S. , Wickings Kyle G.
Published: October 2024

Urbanization profoundly impacts biodiversity and ecosystem function, exerting an immense ecological filter on the flora and fauna that inhabit it, oftentimes leading to simplistic and homogenous ecological communities. However, the response of soil animal communities to urbanization remains underexplored, and it is unknown whether their response to urbanization is like that of aboveground organisms. This study investigated the influence of urbanization on soil animal communities in 40 public parks along an urbanization gradient. We evaluated soil animal abundance, diversity, and community composition and related these measures to urban and soil characteristics at each park. The most urbanized parks exhibited reduced animal abundance, richness, and Shannon diversity. These changes were influenced by many variables underscoring the multifaceted influence of urbanization on ecological communities. Notably, contrary to our expectation, urbanization did not lead to community homogenization; instead, it acted stochastically, creating unique soil animal assemblages. This suggests that urban soil animal communities are concomitantly shaped by deterministic and stochastic ecological processes in urban areas. Our study highlights the intricate interplay between urbanization and soil animal ecology, challenging the notion of urban homogenization in belowground ecosystems and providing insight for managing and preserving belowground communities in urban areas.