bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decisions of international commercial arbitration as an object of review by a court of civil jurisdiction
Authors: Nesterenko M.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content and features of the international commercial arbitration decision. Attention is focused on the specified procedural document as the object of review by the judicial authority. At the same time, the relevance of the chosen topic for coverage in the scientific article is determined based on the data of judicial statistics and the importance of acquiring the finality by the decisions of the international commercial arbitration. From this point of view, the author analyzes the procedure of acquiring legal force and finality both of the decisions of the international commercial arbitration and of the judicial act of the appellate instance, which is adopted based on the results of the review of the arbitration decision.

Given the properties of the court decision, the work draws attention to the enforceability of the international commercial arbitration decision and other signs, the presence of which indicates the legal force and binding nature of the specified procedural document. In addition, a question is raised about the possibility of supplementing the objects of review by a court of civil jurisdiction of additional procedural documents of international commercial arbitration. In connection with this, the subject of consideration in the work is the types of decisions of international commercial arbitration and the requirements that such acts must meet. The review of the decisions of the specified arbitration by the court of appeal of civil jurisdiction is differentiated from the activity of the latter to review the decisions of the local court in the appellate procedure according to the rules of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the complete lack of level arrangement when applying to a judicial authority with a appeal to cancel an international commercial arbitration decision.

The conclusions note the need to improve the civil procedural legislation and international commercial arbitration in relation to the optimization of the objects of review of acts of the specified body. Along with this, the author does not support the proposal expressed in the scientific literature regarding the change of court jurisdiction for reviewing the decision of international commercial arbitration.
Implementation of subjective family rights
Authors: Serdechna I.
Published: December 2023

In a scientific paper, the author explores the concept, principles and limits of the exercise of subjective family rights.

The concept of the exercise of family rights is defined as the actual actions of subjects of family legal relations, consist in the management of their personal non-property and property subjective rights, which are defined by the norms of family law.

It is noted that the peculiarities of the exercise of rights by subjects of family legal relations are evident in determining the moment from which the process of implementation of subjective law will begin. Subjects of family legal relations exercise subjective rights independently and at their own discretion.

In the exercise of family rights, subjects of legal relations are guided by societeoretic principles, ideas that in science have been called «principles of the exercise of subjective rights.»

The author highlights the basic principles of the exercise of subjective family rights: 1) participants in family legal relations have different subjective rights; 2) rights and obligations exist in connection with the family; 3) subjects of family legal relations exercise their rights freely, at their own discretion, without violating the rights, freedoms and interests of others; 4) the subject of family legal relations may not lose family law; 5) in the exercise of family subjective rights, participants of legal relations must observe the moral foundations of society; 5) the exercise of family rights may take place depending on the nature of the right by one-time, periodic actions or continuous activities.

An important issue that requires research in the context of the exercise of rights by subjects of family relations is the notion of «limits on the exercise of subjective rights.» As a general rule, participants in family legal relations exercise family rights at their discretion, but this does not indicate absolute freedom in their actions.
Legal status of neural: through the prism of judicial practice
Authors: Ulanska M.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the practical side of understanding neural networks in the legal aspect on the basis of case law of the USA, UK, Australia, EU and China and foreign legislation, in particular, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; the Digital Millennium Copyright Act; the Indian Copyright Act; the Irish Copyright and Related Rights Act; the New Zealand Copyright Act, with practical examples.

The following main aspects of neural networks functioning are mentioned: copyright subjects; the place of the object generated by a neural network in the legal dimension; neural network training materials, ways of obtaining them, and conflict issues.

The current case law on neural networks and objects generated by them is divided into the following thematic groups: disputes concerning the determination of the copyright holder, establishment of legal personality and aimed at confirming the universal rule regarding an individual as an author; cases focusing on the possibility of copyright protection of specific objects generated by a particular neural network; disputes concerning the formation of a legal dimension for neural network training materials.

Modeled groups of situations that may be reflected in different circumstances of the functioning of a neural network and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the legally significant component of a neural network. Attention is drawn to the doctrine of fair use and the concept of «temporary acts of reproduction», together with their sources and main features. Potentially negative consequences of copyright infringement by neural networks are also outlined.

As conclusions, identified gaps in the legal regulation of neural networks and objects generated by them, which is reflected, in particular, in the lack of practical significance of a number of legal norms and doctrines in the context of dispute resolution and the existence of contradictions in the ideas regarding the criteria of originality and important nuances in cases of establishing or denying copyright infringement within the process of training neural networks on specific materials. The author emphasizes the need for further research in the field of law and technology.
The influence of legal awareness on the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations
Authors: Anatiychuk V.
Published: December 2023

The article under studies reveals the impact of legal awareness on the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations. It highlights that legal awareness is a universal form of action of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations and a factor of its effectiveness. Legal awareness actively influences the elements of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations, as well as experiences a similar effect on itself. The article points out that legal awareness reflects the legal relations between employees and employers in the course of labor activity both within an enterprise (institution, organization) and beyond it, including social relations. Thereby, the scope of legal awareness includes personal, socio-economi and political rights that significantly affect its substantive component.

The article proves that legal awareness of an employee and an employer is formed under the influence of economic and social conditions. Legal awareness is a form of reflecting social phenomena and the processes taking place at an enterprise, institution or organization in the course of performing the employee's labor function, and the employer's management processes through a system of legal assessments, views and ideas. Legal awareness reflects the employee's attitude to the employer and the personnel, as well as assesses it in terms of the efficiency of the enterprise, payment of proper wages, creation of proper working conditions, its protection and other needs of the employee, and his or her motivation to work.

The effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations in general and its stages in particular depend on the level of legal awareness of an employee and an employer, since the processes of formation of local legal norms and their implementation in actual relations are not possible without the volitional conscious behavior of the subjects of labor relations. The article summarizes that from the standpoint of labor law, legal awareness can be viewed through such categories as assessment, need, motivation, skills, and attitude to work.

The article concludes that legal awareness of the parties to labor relations is a functional subjective and evaluative factor, which affects the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations from the standpoint of ensuring its efficiency, further functioning and development with a view to its compliance with the established principles of labor law as an independent branch and the concept of justice.
Fire training of cadets of the Military Academy with specific conditions of training under martial law
Authors: Timofeev V. , Dusyak O. , Krysko V.
Published: December 2023

The activity of law enforcement officers in the National Police entails significant responsibility, requiring them to be highly disciplined and knowledgeable in their work, guided solely by the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian legislation. Human life, honor, and dignity are the most valuable assets in our state. To ensure law and order and protect the lives and health of the population, law enforcement officers undergo relevant training in firearms, tactical, and psychological readiness. Knowledge of firearms training is essential, as when using firearms, a police officer must be well- versed not only in the technical aspects of weapons but also in the legal framework that governs the use of firearms.

Firearms training in the police is designed to enhance the skills and resilience of cadets in shooting, increase their attentiveness and vigilance, and elevate their level of discipline. Equipped with these skills, cadets can confidently perform their duties, responding promptly to changing situations and fulfilling their professional obligations. In order to learn how to work with firearms, cadets must also acquire skills in tactical and special operations, practicing in creating optimal shooting positions, analyzing and assessing the terrain, conducting shooting, and making quick decisions. Cadets must have a clear understanding of when the use of force is permissible, anticipate the potential consequences, and know how to report the use of firearms to their superiors.

Although firearms training in the National Police demands a comprehensive set of knowledge and skills, it is of paramount importance, considering that every police officer risks their life in the line of duty to protect the community and its citizens. A well-prepared police officer is the key to successful crime prevention and the preservation of public safety. Therefore, firearms training for cadets in the police is an essential element that ensures the safety of urban residents and fosters proficiency in police operations. Discipline in firearms training is a fundamental aspect of education in institutions of higher learning with specific training conditions. This work emphasizes the significance of this subject overall and the peculiarities of such training in wartime conditions.
The current state of Ukrainian legislation on social protection of military personnel and their family members
Authors: Tsyhanok V.M.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the current state of Ukrainian legislation on social protection of military personnel and their family members. It is noted that to date, Ukraine has developed a system of normative legal acts of various legal force, which regulate the issues of social and legal protection of military personnel, their constitutional rights and freedoms, and guarantees regarding their implementation. At the same time, despite the fact that legislation in this area is constantly developing and improving, many issues still need to be resolved. Since a significant number of normative legal acts do not always indicate the provision of integral and comprehensive social protection. In particular, a conclusion was made about the non-systematic and scattered nature of the norms that define specific types of social protection for servicemen and their family members. That is, there is no single approach to the legal regulation of social protection of servicemen and their family members, there is a lack of a single legislative act, according to which consolidated and mutually agreed standards and principles of building the entire structure of social security in the researched area would be determined. Therefore, the existing system of social protection needs radical reorganization. In particular, it is necessary to create a clear system of guarantees of social (material) support for military personnel and members of their families, to ensure their observance and implementation by the state, thereby stimulating citizens to military service. It was noted that an important direction of state policy, which should become the focus of attention during the war and after its end, should be the social security of servicemen and their families, as well as raising the status of servicemen in the state. Because today there is no more important task in Ukraine than protecting and ensuring the rights of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations who defend our borders, sovereignty and integrity of our state, who with their courageous struggle effectively protect the Ukrainian state and the Ukrainian people. At the same time, it is noted that despite the limited economic opportunities, the state still tries to provide adequate social protection to military personnel and their families, pays out monetary support and rewards, provides medical treatment and rehabilitation. Attention was also drawn to the fact that the regulatory and legal settlement of issues of ensuring social protection of servicemen and their family members should be closer to international standards, in particular, NATO member countries.
International experience in the formation and development of the information security institute as an integral component of the modern state
Authors: Batko I. , Pavlenko D.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the international experience of the formation and formation of the information security institute, given that today information security has become an urgent and urgent problem in the modern world, where information is an extremely important resource for the development and functioning of society. Rapid technological progress, the increase in the amount of data, their exchange and storage on electronic devices cause not only new opportunities, but also threats, in particular, they become dangerous means of influencing not only individual citizens, but also the entire state. Accordingly, ensuring information security is an important task both for individuals and companies, and for countries around the world. Therefore, international experience plays an important role in the process of formation and improvement of information security. Various countries and organizations have already developed their approaches to ensuring information security, implementing best practices and improving their strategies in accordance with the challenges of modern realities. It was noted that countries that are actively developing their information technologies have a higher level of information protection. In many countries, special laws on cyber security have been adopted, and relevant departments have been created that are responsible for protecting information from cyber-attacks and other threats. It has been observed that many countries are researching and developing new technologies to protect information from cyber-attacks, such as quantum computers and blockchain technologies. It was also found that the international experience of forming and improving information security shows that in order to achieve a high level of information protection, it is necessary to have specialized agencies and legislation that regulates this area. It was established that the international experience of the formation and improvement of information security shows that this issue is extremely important and requires an integrated approach that includes monitoring, analysis and forecasting of risks, development of strategies and measures for protection against information threats, and constant improvement of systems that ensure b information confidentiality.
General characteristics of the crypto industry, assessment of the degree and prospects of its further integration into the national economic sector
Authors: Hurin B.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to a set of questions regarding the general characteristics of the crypto industry, assessment of the degree and prospects of its further integration into the national economic sector. It is emphasized and proven that the rapid capitalization and popularization of cryptocurrency means of circulation caused the dynamic development of the crypto industry in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the need for meaningful research of this phenomenon, based on a basic understanding of the functional capabilities of its representatives, as well as the potential of cryptocurrencies themselves as promising means of circulation.

The central category «cryptoindustry» is studied and explored, which also involves a meaningful analysis of the original term «industry». On the basis of the above, taking into account legislative realities and author's considerations, the vision of the concept of «cryptoindustry» is expressed. For the completeness and comprehensiveness of the presentation of scientific opinion, the specified definition is compared with a similar term - «system».

It is argued that the specified industry in Ukraine is represented by a wide range of subjects of public and private law relations, which are usually structurally and (or) functionally unrelated, but all or part of their tasks (intentions) are oriented towards achieving local goals within the subject area. The features of the crypto industry as an independent legal category have been formed and characterized.

It has been established that the crypto industry is beginning to be reflected in the economic component by making its significant adjustments. It is emphasized that we are talking about the emergence of new ones, the development and qualitative diversification of some existing spheres of economic relations, integrating more and more noticeably into various branches of the specified sector.

A natural conclusion was made that, in view of the further capitalization and popularization of cryptocurrencies, as well as the active involvement of the state in these processes, the stable development of the crypto industry itself should be expected. Based on this, the assumption of a decrease in demand for some traditional methods of settlement and turnover in favor of crypto­currency means and, accordingly, its growth and role in economic relations, was also made.
To the question of the general characteristics of the tasks of the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine
Authors: Dolia V.V.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to issues of the general characteristics of the tasks of the BES as a leading body for the protection of the national economy. It is emphasized that in conditions of pressure on the domestic economic sector, the issue of effective protection against external and internal irritants is acute. The importance of active participation of all subjects of ensuring the economic security of the state in these processes is noted. A special place, given its current situation, is given to the BES, and attention is focused on the critical importance of the results of the institution's work. Based on such considerations, it is assumed and an attempt is made to substantiate the expediency of the analysis of the tasks of the institution at the current stage.

For the completeness and comprehensiveness of the research, general approaches to understanding the content of the definition of «task» are developed, its features are clarified and compared with the philosophy of the institution's work. On the basis of this, a collective point of view was revealed that corresponds to the nature of the functioning of the specified central body of executive power. The proposed author's vision of the concept of «the task of the BES».

Taking into account the legal provisions, the tasks of the institution are highlighted. It has been established that such tasks should be positioned as main, given the existence of «derivative» positions in regulatory and legal acts and other (accompanying) documents.

All of the key tasks of the institution, provided for in Part 4 of the Law «On the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine» dated January 28, 2021 No. 1150-IX, have been characterized. Their importance was assessed, positive aspects were determined, problematic aspects were identified that require proper and prompt elimination, etc. The need for mandatory fulfillment of all such positions has been established, given the interrelationship of the latter and the existence of public demand regarding the institution's effectiveness. The exceptional acuteness of some tasks, in the context of the existence of complex challenges of the present and foreseeable future, is emphasized.
Methodology of the Legal Status of Administrative Agencies Under Martial Law
Authors: Yevsiukov Ye.V.
Published: December 2023

The urgency of the study is determined by the fact that the coordinated activity of public authorities, in particular administrative agencies is the basis of proper defense capability of Ukraine, preservation of economic development, especially in the conditions of martial law. The scientific study of state and legal phenomena requires the determination and description of epistemological means actualizing the problems of methodology. It is the methodology that ensures the acquisition of comprehensive and sufficient knowledge about the subject under study as well as the objectivity of the information obtained.

Methodology plays a crucial role in ensuring quality research. It stipulates the limits, principles and approaches allowing to get comprehensive and sufficient knowledge about the researched subject. The objectivity of the obtained information is a key component of scientific research.

It is noted that the methodology is considered in two aspects: first, as a set of epistemological tools; secondly, as a teaching about the system of methodological tools and their application. In the context of state and law studies, it is important to take into account the specifics of this field and take into consideration the diversity of methodological approaches, since they can include both legal methods and elements of sociological, philosophical or historical analysis.

When studying the legal status of administrative agencies, it is important to take into account the axiological component, as it allows to understand how these agencies function in a specific social and cultural and political context. The study of the axiological component of the legal status of administrative agencies allows to reveal not only the formal side of their functions, but also the understanding of society's values, on which their functioning is based.

It is justified that an important methodological tool is an activity approach allowing analyzing the specific actions and functions of administrative agencies, their tasks and work results, which is important for establishing how they affect the implementation of legal norms and how they contribute to the performance of state functions as a whole .

It is noted that the application of a hermeneutic approach to understanding the legal status of administrative agencies opens up the possibility of a deep understanding of texts, contexts and meanings, providing a comprehensive analysis in legal and cultural dimensions.

The system approach allows to include administrative agencies in a wider context - the system of state bodies. The systemic approach also allows taking into account the social and cultural context in which administrative agencies function.
On some issues of classification of participants in proceedings on administrative offences
Authors: Ostapenko O.I. , Baik O.I.
Published: December 2023

The article notes that today the explanations of the essence of the concepts of «process» and «process procedure» remain quite controversial, with reference to the fact that they are, to a certain extent, close to the sequential procedural actions of the parties (participants) aimed at achieving a legally significant result. At the same time, the concept of «administrative process» has a broader meaning compared to the concept of «proceedings on administrative offences», since, through the application of administrative process rules, a much wider range of administrative and legal relations is regulated, the implementation of which takes place with the participation of the parties to proceedings on an administrative offence.

The authors examine the scientific approaches to the classification of participants to proceedings on administrative offences.

It is noted that today there is a fairly wide range of scientific research related to the subjects of administrative process (proceedings). It is emphasized that each of the existing constructions is important for its further improvement and application in the administrative and jurisdictional activities of the authorized entities.

It is noted that for the classification of participants in proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, taking into account their procedural status, it is worth paying attention to the features that are characteristic of each participant in the proceedings, characterizing their role and place in the proceedings, as well as the presence of rights and obligations during consideration of the case, making a decision on it and during its execution. The signs that characterize the administrative- procedural status of the participants in the proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and are grounds for their classification include: the social nature of the subjects as parties to administrative proceedings; 2) the attitude of the subjects to the committed administrative offence; 3) determination of the role, purpose, content and scope of powers belonging to the participants to administrative proceedings; 4) enshrining in administrative and legal norms the forms and methods of participation of authorities (officials) in the consideration of cases of administrative offenses; 5) division of participants to proceedings on administrative offences into main and optional ones, etc.
Duty to pay tax and tax liability: concepts, relationship problems
Authors: Prots I.M. , Hryshchuk A.B.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the concepts: the duty to pay tax and the tax liability. The obligation to pay taxes has acquired the character of a constitutional obligation, the legal regulation of which is carried out by the provisions of the legislation on taxes and fees. The state is the main subject of tax legal relations, possessing powerful powers in relation to the rest of the participants, actively implementing an arsenal of imperative measures of influence that allow it to determine the nature of the behavior of the latter. The legal norms governing the identification of problems that arise when defining the concepts of the duty to pay tax and tax liability are analyzed. The ambiguity and inconsistency of these norms leads to the emergence of a significant number of tax disputes, in particular court ones.

The article uses general scientific methods - analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and comparison, systemic-structural, etc., as well as private-scientific methods - formal- logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, legal modeling, comparative-historical, and others .

It was determined that the obligation to pay the tax arises only in the presence of the corresponding object, which follows precisely from the requirements of the law and is conditioned by the public-legal nature of the mandatory payment.

It has been established that the obligation to pay tax is associated with the taxpayer's performance of a number of tax-procedural actions, such as: registration with the tax authority; keeping records of taxation objects; calculation of taxes, if provided by law; maintaining, compiling, and submitting tax reporting within the established terms; compliance with the tax payment deadline and procedure.

Regarding the expediency of using the category "tax liability”, it should be noted that the use of the category of tax liability as an independent, different from the civil law term is possible, but in law enforcement practice it will be more appropriate to use the category "obligation to pay tax”.
Impact of digital transformation on public services: experience of the European Union
Authors: Shiyovych S.Ya.
Published: December 2023

Based on the methodology of complex system analysis, the article examines the impact of digital transformation on public services in the context of the experience of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to analyze the constructive processes of transformation of the public administration system with electronic and digital technologies as a key factor in providing public services to the population and business. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis, methods of generalization, classification, system and structural- functional approaches, and others were used. The directions of the digital transformation of the public service provision system in the European Union have been determined: expanding the use of single electronic portals that ensure the establishment of direct connections on matters of public service provision; simplification of the procedure for using information technologies due to the development of mobile means of transmission and its processing; development of a general list of digital products as part of the provision of public services with the possibility of accelerated search for the required product; creation of experimental platforms and pilot areas for the implementation of digital technologies for the provision of public services. The prerequisites for the digital transformation of public services based on platforms are systematized, which is understood as the process of changing the institutional organization of markets under the influence of the spread of modular digital platforms and the application of platform technologies. These prerequisites include the growth of data quality and the specialization of interaction between participants. This makes it possible to consider platforms as centers for the provision of a wide range of digital services and to ensure the effectiveness of the platform implementation process by providing traditional goods with service properties, which are expressed in the involvement of the consumer in the production process and the accounting of his individual requests. Further research on the problems of digitization and digital transformation of socio-economic systems should cover the direction of expanding the use of digital platform services provided by the service integrator and the development of management methods for promising forms of organization of economic activity in the field of public services.
Current issues of criminal liability for interfering with the professional activities of journalists
Authors: Didkivska H.
Published: December 2023

This article examines the issue of improving criminal legislation regarding criminal liability for obstructing the professional activities of journalists and the issue of adequate protection of freedom of mass information is impossible without a comprehensive reform of criminal legislation and legislation on mass media. It is noted about the need for reform and law enforcement practice with mandatory consideration of the requirements of international standards. It is noted that the protection of the professional activity of journalists and the right of citizens to receive important information in a timely manner is possible only on the basis of a system of interrelated norms of criminal legislation, legislation on mass media and laws providing for citizens' access to information.

The draft law aimed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to strengthen the protection of journalists, their close relatives and their family members from the use of threats or violence in connection with journalists' legitimate professional activities, as well as in the event of obstruction of their legitimate professional activities, is analyzed.

Legal inaccuracies regarding the definition of the victim, different approaches to the definition of concepts and terms, lists, which entail certain inconsistencies in the qualification of criminal offenses related to obstructing the professional activities of journalists, lead to problems of bringing guilty persons to criminal responsibility. It is noted that the protection of the professional activities of journalists and the right of citizens to receive important information in a timely manner is possible only on the basis of a system of interrelated norms of criminal legislation, legislation on mass media and laws providing for citizens' access to information. The opinion is expressed that such activities will need to be strengthened after martial law.
Development of Theoretical Concepts of Poverty in Chinese Sociology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Haoran Qin
Published: December 2023

The study of the problem of poverty in China is of sociological significance in the broad context of social changes accompanying the era of reforms. Despite the obvious successes in overcoming total poverty, this phenomenon still persists in the regional territories of the country, which has many reasons and determines the relevance of their consideration by representatives of sociological science. The article offers an analysis of the main theoretical concepts of poverty that exist in the Chinese research environment. At the same time, their evolution is represented: from the resource perception of the causes of poverty to the systematic understanding of the acting factors and their study in aggregate. The author positions the commitment to a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic conditions of disadvantaged regions in order to eliminate the negative causal factors of the development of their financial problems and reduce the pace of movement of Chinese society towards universal well-being.
Trends of Tourism Development in the North Caucasus Federal District
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kulova Margarita R. , Hosaeva Zarina H. ,   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gabaraeva Marina R. ,   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the development of one of the priority industries of the North Caucasus Federal District – the tourism industry. The aim of this study is to identify the interrelationships of indicators and trends in the de-velopment of tourism in the North Caucasian Federal District by using the methods of correlation and regres-sion analysis of statistical data and content analysis of Internet media. To assess the effectiveness of the tour-ism industry in the NCFD, the following indicators were selected: the number of persons accommodated in collective accommodation facilities, the number of visits to museums, the number of collective accommodation facilities, the turnover of public catering. These indicators were used in the construction of a model for forecast-ing changes in tourist flow in the North Caucasus Federal District. The analysis showed that it is necessary to clarify the statistical profile of modern tourism in the North Caucasus Federal District in order to make relevant management decisions. This can also be facilitated by taking into account the results of content analysis of Internet media with the designation of positive and negative aspects of the tourism industry in the macro-region.
Study of the Internal Function of Corporate Training in Russian Companies
Authors:   Independent researcher, Smirnov Stepan A.
Published: December 2023

In the context of constant changes and the need to quickly respond to challenges from the outside world, the need for constant corporate training of personnel becomes mandatory for Russian business. Identification of basic directions for the development of corporate training systems and consolidation of best practices in this area is the goal of the work. As part of the research, in-depth interviews with the heads of corporate training functions of domestic large manufacturing companies were conducted, cases and documents were analyzed. According to the results, the corporate training system within the company, its representation and place in the organization’s system largely depends on the personal attitude, vision basic attitudes regarding these areas of the CEO or HR director. Training is not a priority area for working with personnel; in the vast majority of cases, the corporate training function is a service function, the customer of which is the HR director.
Certain Aspects of the Defender’s Appeal against Court Decisions Taken in the Pre-Trial Procedure
Authors:   Kuban State University, Lopotenko Veronika S.
Published: December 2023

Appeal is the main way for the participants of the defense to defend their rights, since it allows the defender to challenge illegal procedural actions (inaction) and decisions of officials in the implementation of criminal pro-ceedings. Of particular interest is Part 5 of Article 165 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Fed-eration, which fixes cases when investigative actions can be carried out without judicial sanction, limited only by the decision of the investigator or inquirer in circumstances that do not allow postponement. The current version of Part 5 of Article 165 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for the pro-cedure for the participation of defense counsel and other interested persons in a court hearing when deciding on the legality or illegality of an investigative action that brooks no delay, such explanations are given exclu-sively in Resolution No. 19 of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the author considers it appropriate to include in Article 165 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federa-tion the requirements for clarification of the right to participate in the court session devoted to the issue of estab-lishing the legality or illegality of the investigative action to the defense counsel, suspect, accused and other interested parties.
The Socio-Legal Conditionality of Criminal Liability for the Public Dissemination of Knowingly False Socially Significant Information
Authors:   Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University, Nabiullina Victoria R.
Published: December 2023

Criminalization in Russia of acts of public dissemination of knowingly false socially significant information, including about circumstances that pose a threat to the life and safety of citizens, is caused not only by the “infodemia” declared by the World Health Organization, but also by other factors considered in this article. The relevance of the theoretical understanding of the socio-legal conditionality of criminal law norms (Articles 207.1 and 207.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) is due to the determination of the validity and expe-diency of their adoption. In this regard, the article examines the degree and nature of the public danger of the acts in question; the factors of their criminalization; the socially significant consequences of committing crimes; the validity of placing criminal law norms in the chapter, the object of which is public safety; the conflict of art. 207.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the norms on freedom of speech. Dialectical, sys-temic, comparative legal methods were used in the work. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the criminal-ization of the acts in question, scientific works of famous Russian and foreign experts in the field of countering the dissemination of knowingly false information, the author made conclusions about the social and legal con-ditionality of the adoption of Articles 207.1 and 207.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The Procedural Position of the Prosecutor as a Subject of Ensuring the Rights of Entrepreneurs in Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Kuban State University, Savchenko Vitaly N.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs as participants in criminal proceedings. It is emphasized that prosecutor’s supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms is one of the components of the system of state protection of entrepreneurs’ rights. As part of the study, particular at-tention is paid to such key procedural categories as “functions of the prosecutor” and “powers of the prosecu-tor”, on the basis of which the role in the context of ensuring the rights of entrepreneurs in criminal proceedings is formulated. A detailed analysis of the peculiarities of the procedural position of the prosecutor and its influ-ence on ensuring the rights of entrepreneurs in criminal proceedings is offered. It is noted that the question of whether there are signs that allow a person to be classified as a business entity arises even in pre-trial proceed-ings, which necessitates the adoption in each specific case of a procedural decision on the recognition of a person as a business entity. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that it is the prosecutor who should resolve the issue of attributing a person to the subjects of entrepreneurial activity.
Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Toprak Bütünlüğü Uğrunda Mücadelesi
Authors: Kerimov Behman
Published: December 2023

Rusya İmparatorluğu'nda 1917 Şubat devriminden sonra uzun süre çarlığın sömürge esareti altında kalan yerel halk, Kuzey Azerbaycan'ın bağımsızlığı ve toprak bütünlüğü için mücadele etmeye başladı. O dönemde çeşitli güçlerin etkisiyle Lenkeran kazasında milli, demokratik, ilerici örgütler ve diğer siyasi partilerin organları kurulmaya başlandı.

Milli güçler, asayişi sağlamak amacıyla ülkedeki mevzilerini güçlendirmek için tüm imkanlarını kullansa da, bölgede faaliyet gösteren diğer güçlerin mücadelesi sonucu bölgede keyfilik hakim oldu. Bölgesinde söz sahibi olmak için burada yaşayan bolşevik-ermeni, Eser, Rus milliyetçileri savaş alanı haline gelmişti.

1919 yazında eski çar ordusunun önderliğindeki Malakan, bolşevik-ermeni eşkıyalarının Lenkeran'da yaklaşık iki yıl boyunca gerçekleştirdiği katliamlar – Türk subay Çavuş Cemal komutasındaki yerel partizan birlikleri ve Azerbaycan Milli Ordusu'nun birleşik kuvvetlerinin şehre girmesiyle sona erdi. Bölgenin milli güçlerin eline geçmesiyle Azerbaycan'ın toprak bütünlüğü yeniden sağlanmış, yerel halk katliam ve yağmalardan kurtarılmıştır.
Fransızca Yayınlanan “Ankara” Gazetesinde Türk Kültürünün Tanıtımına İlişkin Notlar
Authors: Kırışman Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan sonra Yeni Türkiye, kendi modern kimliğini, kültürünü ve toplumsal yaşamını dünyaya tanıtmak için büyük bir faaliyete geçti. Bunun için pek çok alanda olduğu gibi basın ve yayın alanında da çalışmalar gerçekleştirildi. Bu amaçla kimi gazeteler ve dergiler çıkarılarak tanıtım faaliyetleri yürütüldü. Bunlar biri de 1934-1942 yılları arasında Fransızca olarak yayınlanmış olan Ankara adlı gazetedir. İçinde bolca görsel malzemenin yer aldığı bu gazete sekiz sayfadan oluşuyor, Ankara’da basılıyor, ertesi gün İstanbul, İzmir gibi büyük kentlerde satışa sunuluyordu. Basılan nüshaların önemli bir kısmı yabancı devletlere gönderiliyordu. Türk İnkılâbının yürüyüşünü, milli yükselişin hızını iktisadi ve içtimai yönleriyle tanıtma amacı güden Ankara gazetesi, başta Avrupa ülkeleri ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri olmak üzere pek çok ülkeye ulaştırılmıştır. Gazete nüshalarının bir kısmı gazete bayilerine satış için gönderiliyor, önemli bir kısmı ise yurtdışındaki kütüphanelere, üniversitelere, gazetelerin yurtdışı editörlüklerine gönderiliyordu. Böylelikle Türkiye ile ilgili araştırmalar yapan ve haber takip etme niyetinde olanlar, Türkiye hakkında çok çeşitli haberlerin ve bilgilerin yer aldığı Ankara gazetesi sayesinde bilgileniyorlardı.

Fransızca yayınlanan Ankara gazetesinin nüshalarına TBMM Kütüphanesinden ulaşabildik. Yalnızca 1934 yılına ait sayılarına erişebildiğimiz Ankara gazetesinde Türkiye’nin siyasi hayatı, tarihi, kültürü, doğal güzellikleri, ekonomisi, yeni oluşan sanayisi üzerine birçok yazı, haber ve ilan yer almaktadır. Bu yazılar genel anlamda değerlendirildiğinde, Cumhuriyetin ilanına dek Batı kamuoyunda oluşan ve kötü etkiler bırakan Türk ve Türkiye algısının değiştirilmesine yönelik bir çalışmanın yapıldığı gözlemlenmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivinden elde edilen belgelerle kuruluş süreci ele alınacak ve değişik örnekler üzerinden Türk kültürünü tanıtmak amaçlı yazılar üzerinde durularak oluşturulmaya çalışılan imge ve algıların tespitine çalışılacaktır. Başlıca kaynaklarımız gazetenin kuruluşu ve kurulduktan sonra yarattığı etkiye ilişkin arşiv belgelerinden, Ankara gazetesinin elimizde olan koleksiyonundan ve basın hayatını ele alan telif eserlerden oluşmaktadır.
EKSPRESI CINTA REMAJA DALAM NOVEL TEENLIT JINGGA DAN SENJA KARYA ESTI KINASIH
Authors: Sumandari Sumandari , Dermawan Taufik , Karkono Karkono
Published: December 2023

Cinta yang menggebu-gebu mulai dirasakan oleh individu ketika memasuki usia remaja. Hal itu disebabkan cinta memengaruhi segala aspek kehidupan remaja. Cinta yang diekspresikan oleh para remaja dilakukan dalam bentuk yang berbeda-beda. Novel teenlit Jingga dan Senja karya Esti Kinasih merupakan salah satu novel yang membahas tentang perilaku dan cara pandang remaja terhadap cinta. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian ini dengan empat tujuan ekspresi cinta, yaitu (1) mendeskripsikan ekspresi cinta dari segi perhatian, (2) mendeskripsikan ekspresi cinta dari segi tanggung jawab, (3) mendeskripsikan ekspresi cinta dari segi rasa hormat, dan (4) mendeskripsikan ekspresi cinta dari segi pengetahuan. Metode yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengkaji empat tujuan tersebut adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan psikologi cinta Erich Fromm. Data penelitian ini berupa dialog dan narasi yang terdapat dalam novel teenlit Jingga dan Senja yang bersumber dari novel teenlit Jingga dan Senja karya Esti Kinasih. Teknik dokumentasi dimanfaatkan untuk pengumpulan data penelitian. Teori Milles dan Hubberman yang disebut model alir digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Penelitian ini menemukan empat hasil ekspresi cinta, yaitu (1) segi perhatian dieskpresikan dalam bentuk perlindungan dan pengorbanan, (2) segi tanggung jawab dieskpresikan dalam bentuk kebutuhan jasmani dan cinta erotis, (3) rasa hormat diekspresikan dalam bentuk mencintai keunikan atau menghargai keunikan, dan (4) segi pengetahuan diekspresikan dalam bentuk perasaan khawatir.