bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Triumphant Genealogical Awareness of the Nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 17th and 18th Centuries
Authors: Railaitė-Bardė Agnė
Published: June 2019

This article attempts to show how the manifestation of ancestors was expressed in the genealogical awareness of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, using publications to mark special occasions in the 17th and 18th centuries, genealogical trees and diagrams. The research seeks to establish what effect the exaltation of various battles had on the genealogical memory of the nobility in the Grand Duchy, bearing in mind the context of its involvement in one of the most famous battles it ever fought. The genealogical sources mentioned were examined in order to ascertain which battles and what memories of the commanders who fought in them were important to the genealogical awareness of the nobility, and why this memory was selective, for some battles and notable heroes from these battles are remembered and glorified, while others are simply forgotten. Memories of which battles were important to the genealogical presentation of certain families, how was it expressed, and in what period were the ancestors who participated in these battles remembered?

The first part of the study presents the memory of ancestors as soldiers, and the ways this memory was expressed. The second part focuses on ancestors who distinguished themselves in specific battles, and which family members who participated in battles are remembered and honoured, in this way distinguishing them from other ancestors.
Law, campus policy, social movements, and sexual violence: Where do we stand in the #MeToo movement?
Authors: Gronert Nona Maria
Published: June 2019

In the last 8 years, activist pressure has increased attention to sexual violence at universities. Most recently, the #MeToo movement has widened the conversation about sexual violence. This increased public attention has coin- cided with changes in federal guidelines, state laws, and campus policies on sexual violence as well as social move- ment activity by survivor‐activists and emerging counter‐ movements. I argue that sociologists—specifically researchers who study gender and/or law and society—are uniquely situated to contribute to the study of sexual vio- lence on campus. I synthesize a growing sociological and interdisciplinary literature on sexual violence—legal changes, policy effects, and social movement struggles—in order to advocate that sociologists study laws, campus pol- icies, and social movements simultaneously.
Penelitian Pendahuluan Mengenai Desain Pembelajaran Terkait Kemampuan Berpikir Kombinatorial
Authors: Ihsan Iden Rainal , Kosasih Usep
Published: June 2019

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan beberapa permasalahan kombinatorika, dalam hal ini khususnya masalah pencacahan. Di lain pihak, peneliti memandang berpikir kombinatorial sebagai suatu kompetensi yang penting untuk dioptimalkan (dikuasai semua tingkatannya). Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian desain (design research) dengan tujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan suatu desain pembelajaran kombinatorika (draf desain awal) yang dapat mengatasi kesulitan dan mengoptimalkan kemampuan berpikir kombinatorial mahasiswa. Tahapan design research yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini hanya tahapan penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary research). Pada tahapan tersebut peneliti melakukan analisis kebutuhan dan konteks, telaah literatur, dan proses pengembangan kerangka konseptual dan teoritis yang dalam hal ini perancangan dan pengembangan desain pembelajaran. Desain pembelajaran yang merupakan hasil dari penelitian ini berupa pembelajaran berbasis tugas. Secara umum desain yang diperoleh adalah kegiatan pembelajaran yang diawali dengan review konsep atau materi terkait, diskusi kelompok, proses penyimpulan, tes formatif, dan pemberian tugas mandiri.
Descrizione di Momiano e suo territorio
Authors: Visintin Denis
Published: June 2019

Nel testo viene esaminato il documento “Descrizione di Momiano e suo territorio”, rinvenuto a suo tempo da Jakov Jelinčić e Ljiljana Radaljac, e pubblicato successivamente dal Jelinčić. In quest’occasione si offre un commento dettagliato in materia sotto l’aspetto storico, etnografico, sociale ed ambientale. Una fonte importante per la descrizione e la conoscenza storica di un dato territorio è fornita dagli scritti di viaggio e dalle descrizioni lasciatici dagli ecclesiastici ed altri viaggiatori. Lo hanno fatto in epoca moderna Ermanno Olmo, Niccolo Manzuoli, Giacomo Filippo Tommasini, Prospero Petronio. Argomento del testo che segue è l’esame di un manoscritto dedicato a Momiano ed al suo territorio, descritto in passato anche da altri studiosi. Il testo è stato scritto probabilmente negli anni Quaranta del XVII secolo, forse tra il 1641 – 47, e stando al Jelinčić, è da atrribuirlo al vescovo Giacomo Filippo Tommasini, data l’estrema somiglianza tra esso quanto scritto nei Commentari storici-geografici della Provincia dell’Istria.
Cad / Cam and 3D Printing a promising reality in dentistry
Authors: Cabrera Duffaut Augusto Enrique
Published: June 2019

New digital techniques constitute a significant advance in the way that traditional models and a large amount of dental applications are made, speeding up production times and improving the quality of the parts that are produced. The aim of this article is to present the structure of the CAD / CAM dental technology and the advantages that 3D printing, for which we refer to previous research that analyses the use of this technology and research of new printing materials. Getting to the conclusion that it’s a technology that is constantly evolving and that its use in most laboratories and dental clinics is only a matter of time, it improves the quality of the molds and teeth significantly reducing their processing times
HIPOCLORITO DE SODIO YÁCIDO HIPOCLOROSO: CAPACIDAD DE DISOLUCIÓN DE TEJIDO ORGÁNICO (ESTUDIOIN-VITRO)
Authors: Loiacono Romina
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO: Comparar la capacidad de disolución de tejido orgánico de dos soluciones (NaOCl y HOCl), sometiéndolas a diferentes protocolos de tiempo y temperatura MATERIALES y MÉTODOS: Para el presente estudio se obtuvieron 120 muestras de tejido vacuno ex vivo, el cual fue dividido en 10 grupos de 12 muestras cada uno. Se utilizaron 4 soluciones de NaOCl con concentraciones de: 5.25%, 2.5%, 1% y 0.5% respectivamente y una solución de HOCl al 5%. Las muestras fueron observadas a distintos intervalos de tiempo: 1 minuto, 5 minutos, 15 minutos, 30 minutos, 45 minutos y 60 minutos. Así los datos recogidos de las observaciones se basaron en cambios macroscópicos presentes en la superﬁcie de cada muestra y posteriormentefueronanalizadosestadísticamenteendiferentespruebas. RESULTADOS:Los datos fueron analizados con el programa informático Statistica 7.0. El análisis 1 comparó, en los distintos intervalos  de tiempo, la capacidad de disolución de tejido orgánico entre las distintas concentraciones del NaOCl y el HOCl, a los 5 minutos y a los 15 minutos, no arrojaron diferencias signiﬁcativas mientras que 30 a 60 minutos, sí permitieron observar diferencias signiﬁcativas. En la segunda parte del análisis estadístico se comparó, en los distintos intervalos de tiempo, la valoración entre las dos temperaturas probadas 21oC y37 oC, los resultados obtenidos para los tiempos 1 minuto, 45 minutos y 60 minutos, no permiten observar diferencias signiﬁcativas. Para los intervalos de 5 minutos, 15 minutos y 30 minutos, sí se observaron diferencias, siempre a favor de las muestras tratadas a 37oC.
DISEÑOS DE ESTUDIOS CLÍNICOS EN ODONTOLOGÍA
Authors: Villavicencio Caparó Ebingen
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de la sección Tool box, de la Revista Oactiva,tienen la ﬁnalidad de brindar unarevisión dela literatura, respecto a temas de metodología de la investigación, con el propósito de que los lectores tengan las herramientas necesarias y suﬁcientes para la elaboración de investigaciones útiles para su contexto Latinoamericano.
PREVALENCIA DE MICOSIS ORAL POR Candida albicans, EN PACIENTES BAJO TRATAMIENTO EN EL HOSPITAL JOSÉ CARRASCO ARTEAGA (IESS)
Authors: Mora William
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de micosis oral por Candida albicans en pacientes entre 25 – 65 años de edad concáncer que se encuentran bajo radioterapia (RT) y/o quimioterapia (QT), en el hospital José Carrasco Arteaga en el año 2015.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente estudio es de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra cuenta con unacifra de 98 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga desde enero 2014 a junio 2015.RESULTADOS: Desde Enero 2014 a Junio 2015, 81 historias clínicas de pacientes que recibieron RT y/o QT, manifestandoCandida albicans, determinando una prevalencia de 82.7% de la muestra; el grupo de sexo masculino registró a 48 integrantesrepresentando el 59.25 %, el grupo femenino reportó 33 integrantes reportando el 40.75 %; los pacientes integrantes al grupo“mayores a 60 años de edad” registraron 46 personas, ocupando el 47% de la muestra. Un grupo de 66 personas recibieronRT manifestaron infección por Candida albicans. Pacientes sometidos a radiaciones comprendidas entre 51-70 Gy fueron28 individous, representando el 41.5% de la muestra estableciéndolo como el grupo con mayor relación. Un grupo 48personas recibieron QT manifestaron infeción por Candida albicans; donde destaca el uso del carboplatino en 15 personasrepresentando 31.3% de la muestra, estableciendo una relación directa del fármaco con la enfermedad fúngica. La ubicaciónfrecuente de Candida albicans en mucosa oral se registró en 57 casos, determinando una prevalencia de 44.9% de la muestra.CONCLUSIONES: La Candida albicans esta preste en el 82.7% de los pacientes bajo tratamiento contra el cáncer, afectandomayormente al sexo masculino. Presenta con más frecuencia en pacientes mayores a 60 años de edad, guarda mayor relacióncon tratamientos de radiación en dosis entre 51-70 Gy.
LA TÉCNICA PAOO UNA ALTERNATIVA EN EL TRATAMIENTO ORTODONTICO: REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
Authors: Mercado Sively
Published: June 2019

Una alternativa que ha brindado beneﬁcios en el tratamiento ortodóntico al disminuir la reabsorción radicular y brindar mejor estabilidad después del tratamiento es la terapia ortodoncica periodontal mente avanzada, para conseguir éxito en el tratamiento debe haber una estricta cooperación entre el ortondocista y periodoncista durante la planiﬁcación del caso. En esta terapia es necesario realizar un abordaje quirúrgico llamado corticotomia que consiste en acceder a la cortical óseo, este proceso activa una cascada ﬁsiológica encargada de producir el movimiento ortodontico acelerado. Existen resultados clínicos e histológicos prometedores, comprobados por la evidencia cientíﬁca. PAOO aumenta el movimiento ortodóntico después de la decorticacion alveolar y el aumento óseo contribuye a la unión ósea brindando estabilidad del tratamiento al largo plazo; aumentar el volumen alveolar y reforzar el periodonto.
PREVALENCIA, EXPERIENCIA Y SIGNIFICANCIA DE CARIES DENTAL EN ESCOLARES DE CUTERVO, PERÚ, 2017
Authors: Aquino Canchari Christian Renzo
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO. Las enfermedades bucodentales son cada vez más prevalentes en niños preescolares y escolares, siendo la cariesdental la de mayor impacto a nivel mundial. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia, experiencia y significancia de cariesdental en escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad de Cutervo-Cajamarca, en el año 2017. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudioobservacional, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 120 escolares seleccionados aleatoriamente,cumpliendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión y siguiendo las normas éticas en investigación. Los datos se analizaron enel programa SPSS 21 mediante tablas de distribución de frecuencias y la prueba chi cuadrado para determinar la existenciade asociación entre IMC y caries dental. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de caries dental fue de 92.50% (CPO-D = 4,65).CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia, experiencia y significancia de caries dental en los escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad fuealta y esta se incrementó con la edad.
TÉCNICAS ROTATORIA Y CONVENCIONAL PARA PULPECTOMIAS Y SU EFECTO EN EL TIEMPO OPERATORIO Y ANSIEDAD DE PREESCOLARES.
Authors: Manani-Cori Vilma
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar  dos  técnicas de instrumentación para pulpectomías, denominadas rotatoria y convencional,sobre el tiempo operatorio y ansiedad de preescolares. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio fue cuasiexperimental, de corte longitudinal. Se seleccionaron 2 grupos de estudio, con 20 pre escolares cada uno, quienes contaron con consentimiento y asentimiento informado. Para establacer posibles diferencias entre los valores obtenidos, se utilizaron las pruebas T de Student y Chi Cuadrado de Mc Nemar. RESULTADOS: El tiempo operatorio en las pulpectomias de molares deciduos  fue de 31,95 min ( 1,54) para la instrumentación rotatoria,  y de 48,35 min (2,48) para la instrumencaión convencional. La frecuencia cardíaca de los preescolares varió  de 70,65 latidos por minutos (LPM) (3,36); durante la instrumentación rotatoria, a 85,30 ( 3,94); durante la instrumentación convencional. Por otro lado, la saturación de oxígenos delos niños no varió significativamente siendo de 91,55%( 0,89) durante la instrumentación rotatoria y de 91,70%(1,26) durante la instrumentación convencional.CONCLUSIÓN: Las diferencias registradas en relación con el tiempo opereatorio y la ansiedad de preescolares sometidos a dos tipos de técnicas de instrumentación ( rotatoria y convencional), para pulpectomías de molare deciduos, son estadísticamente significactivas ( IC del 95%; p<0,001).
DISTALIZACIÓN DE MOLARES EN MALOCLUSIÓN CLASE II DENTAL CON MECÁNICA DE SLIDING HOOK
Authors: Casasa-Araujo Adan
Published: June 2019

OBJETIVO. Se valora dos pacientes con vínculos filiales de 9 y 14 años, de sexo femenino, en consulta privada motivo: presencia de retraso en la erupción de dientes permanentes. En la valoración clínica y radiológica muestran, el primer caso, de 9 años, presenta posiciones anómalas de las piezas 11 y 46. Caso dos, de 14 años: anomalías de erupción de pieza 21, ausencia de segundos premolares superior e inferior izquierdo. Ambos casos presentan oclusión Clase I de Angle, resalte de 4mm y sobrepase de 1/3 de la corona. Se utilizó la metodología Demirjian para cuantificar el estadio de mineralización y puntaje de madurez. Por último se discutió posibles atribuciones a esta causa de retención con una revisión bibliográfica
ERUPCIÓN PASIVA ALTERADA: REPORTE DE CASO
Authors: Pinos Ochoa Xavier
Published: June 2019

La erupción pasiva alterada produce un exceso gingival el cual ocasiona pseudobolsas y compromete la estética del paciente. El tratamiento periodontal debe enfocarse en restablecer la relación normal entre el margen gingival, la cresta ósea alveolar y la unión amelocementaria (CAL). El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el manejo clínico (diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento) de la erupción pasiva alterada.
The scientific library: The retrospective and modern term interpretation
Authors: Poltavskaya E.
Published: June 2019

The author investigates why the term “scientific library” may not be accepted as a separate class within the classification of libraries based on structural systematization. She also reviews the idea of the scientific library as seen by the national science in the 1930s when this phenomenon was first conceptualized. The concept by Dmitry D. Ivanov is examined; he made distinction between the two library processes: generation of library documents and their delivery to users. The author emphasizes the closeness of D. Ivanov’v ideas to her own interpretation of “the public library” concept. She concludes that the libraries of any structure (public or private individual) may support science though we may not identify a separate class of the scientific libraries within the general library classification based on structural systematization. However, the author does not rule out building an isolated classification where the concept of “the scientific library” will be divided into two types in accordance with the concept structure, namely “the public scientific library” and “private use library”. Further division would be similar to that of the general classification. The author considers the concept of “the research library” to be optional for the national library science.
E-libraries as a resource to support learning and scientific activities at universities
Authors: Vtyurina N.
Published: June 2019

The university libraries are to support traditional and digital access to the learning, academic, research and information resources and to maintain modern information and library space. According to the Federal State Educational Standard (FGOS), and due to the growth of distance learning forms, the students must have access to the wide range of digital resources. Thus, along with subscribing to external digital library systems and databases, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Library maintains the University’s digital library system. The author discusses new approaches and solutions for designing repositories and organization of information resources, methods and instruments for users to access them. As the case study of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, acquisition of the University’s Digital Library System collection is discussed as well as the Interuniveristy E-library which is the integrated union database of universities’ digital documents providing general access to the digital resources of the member universities. The membership in the Interuniveristy E-library enables universities to support educational programs with electronic resources; enables students, post-graduates and the faculty to keep track of digital publications by the member universities; provides the platform for the faculty to place on and to promote their works.
Genomic Analysis Reveals Specific Patterns of Homozygosity and Heterozygosity in Inbred Pigs
Authors: Wang Ligang , Mu Yulian , Xu Linyang , Li Kui , Han Jianlin , Wu Tianwen , Liu Lan , Gao Qian , Xia Ying , Hou Guanyu , Yang Shulin , He Xiaohong , Liu George E. , Feng Shutang
Published: June 2019

The inbred strain of miniature pig is an ideal model for biomedical research due to its high level of homozygosity. In this study, we investigated genetic diversity, relatedness, homozygosity, and heterozygosity using the Porcine SNP60K BeadChip in both inbred and non-inbred Wuzhishan pigs (WZSPs). Our results from multidimensional scaling, admixture, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the inbred WZSP, with its unique genetic properties, can be utilized as a novel genetic resource for pig genome studies. Inbreeding depression and run of homozygosity (ROH) analyses revealed an average of 61 and 12 ROH regions in the inbred and non-inbred genomes of WZSPs, respectively. By investigating ROH number, length, and distribution across generations, we further briefly studied the impacts of recombination and demography on ROH in these WZSPs. Finally, we explored the SNPs with higher heterozygosity across generations and their potential functional implications in the inbred WZSP. We detected 56 SNPs showing constant heterozygosity with He = 1 across six generations in inbred pigs, while only one was found in the non-inbred population. Among these SNPs, we observed nine SNPs located in swine RefSeq genes, which were found to be involved in signaling and immune processes. Together, our findings indicate that the inbred-specific pattern of homozygosity and heterozygosity in inbred pigs can offer valuable insights for elucidating the mechanisms of inbreeding in farm animals.
A Review of the Appropriate Nutrition Welfare Criteria of Dairy Donkeys: Nutritional Requirements, Farm Management Requirements and Animal-Based Indicators
Authors: Raspa Federica , Cavallarin Laura , McLean Amy K. , Bergero Domenico , Valle Emanuela
Published: June 2019

Data are available in the scientific literature concerning the quality and usefulness of donkey milk for human consumption. However, there is a lack of studies related to the understanding of the welfare of dairy donkeys. The only attempt, at a European Union level, to assess the welfare of donkeys is that of the Animal Welfare Indicator’s (AWIN) welfare assessment protocol for donkeys, where the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria have been assessed, but only through the evaluation of the body condition score. However, several other indicators that take into account the importance of good feeding welfare principles should be considered for the correct management of dairy donkeys. Therefore, it is hoped that this review of the available scientific literature will be useful to help establish a set of appropriate welfare requirements and indicators for the management of dairy donkeys. The review is aimed at identifying and discussing other requirements and indicators, such as nutritional requirements, farm management requirements and animal-based indicators, which may be important for the correct assessment of the appropriate nutrition welfare criteria and to establish best practices for the feeding of dairy donkeys.
Antioxidant and Photoprotection Networking in the Coastal Diatom Skeletonema marinoi
Authors: Smerilli Arianna , Balzano Sergio , Maselli Maira , Blasio Martina , Orefice Ida , Galasso Christian , Sansone Clementina , Brunet Christophe
Published: June 2019

Little is known on the antioxidant activity modulation in microalgae, even less in diatoms. Antioxidant molecule concentrations and their modulation in microalgae has received little attention and the interconnection between light, photosynthesis, photoprotection, and antioxidant network in microalgae is still unclear. To fill this gap, we selected light as external forcing to drive physiological regulation and acclimation in the costal diatom Skeletonema marinoi. We investigated the role of light regime on the concentration of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and among them flavonoids and their connection with photoprotective mechanisms. We compared three high light conditions, differing in either light intensity or wave distribution, with two low light conditions, differing in photoperiod, and a prolonged darkness. The change in light distribution, from sinusoidal to square wave distribution was also investigated. Results revealed a strong link between photoprotection, mainly relied on xanthophyll cycle operation, and the antioxidant molecules and activity modulation. This study paves the way for further investigation on the antioxidant capacity of diatoms, which resulted to be strongly forced by light conditions, also in the view of their potential utilization in nutraceuticals or new functional cosmetic products.
Correction: Exhausted Woods from Tannin Extraction as an Unexplored Waste Biomass: Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Pollutant Adsorption Properties and Activating Effects of Hydrolytic Treatments. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 84
Authors: Panzella Lucia , Moccia Federica , Toscanesi Maria , Trifuoggi Marco , Giovando Samuele , Napolitano Alessandra
Published: June 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
Hydration of Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Based Binder Incorporating Red Mud and Silica Fume
Authors: Jun Yubin , Kim Jae Hong , Kim Taewan
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the properties of hardened pastes made with calcium sulfoaluminate expansive agent (CSA), red mud, and silica fume. Five different ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 were applied as the weight ratios of CSA and red mud. Red mud was replaced with 0, 5, and 10% silica fume by weight. Compressive strength, drying shrinkage, XRD, MIP, and SEM/EDS of the hardened pastes were performed. The results indicated that as the amount of CSA increased (i.e., as the amount of red mud decreased) up to 30%, sample strengths showed a tendency to increase. The main reaction product of the pastes was expansive ettringite, which was formed from the consumption of ye’elimite, anhydrite, gypsum, and Ca(OH)2. It was expected that C-S-H would be formed by the reaction of C2S in red mud; however, C-S-H phase was not present, and the pozzolanic activity due to the use of silica fume did not occur. The increase of CSA replacement level was effective for controlling the drying shrinkage of the samples. However, 50% replacement level of CSA induced excessive expansion, leading to the reduction in strength. It was found that the excessive expansion in the sample was reduced by the addition of silica fume.
Analytical Electromechanical Modeling of Nanoscale Flexoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Su Yaxuan , Lin Xiaohui , Huang Rui , Zhou Zhidong
Published: June 2019

With the attention focused on harvesting energy from the ambient environment for nanoscale electronic devices, electromechanical coupling effects in materials have been studied for many potential applications. Flexoelectricity can be observed in all dielectric materials, coupling the strain gradients and polarization, and may lead to strong size-dependent effects at the nanoscale. This paper investigates the flexoelectric energy harvesting under the harmonic mechanical excitation, based on a model similar to the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The electric Gibbs free energy and the generalized Hamilton’s variational principle for a flexoelectric body are used to derive the coupled governing equations for flexoelectric beams. The closed-form electromechanical expressions are obtained for the steady-state response to the harmonic mechanical excitation in the flexoelectric cantilever beams. The results show that the voltage output, power density, and mechanical vibration response exhibit significant scale effects at the nanoscale. Especially, the output power density for energy harvesting has an optimal value at an intrinsic length scale. This intrinsic length is proportional to the material flexoelectric coefficient. Moreover, it is found that the optimal load resistance for peak power density depends on the beam thickness at the small scale with a critical thickness. Our research indicates that flexoelectric energy harvesting could be a valid alternative to piezoelectric energy harvesting at micro- or nanoscales.
A Precise Prediction of Tunnel Deformation Caused by Circular Foundation Pit Excavation
Authors: Sun Huasheng , Wang Lingwei , Chen Shenwei , Deng Hengwei , Zhang Jihua
Published: June 2019

In comparison with tetragonal retaining structures, circular retaining structures have an advantage in terms of controlling the deformation caused by foundation excavation, and are a reasonable choice in engineering practice. Many results have been obtained regarding the effect of tetragonal excavation on the deformation of an adjacent tunnel. Nevertheless, a sufficient understanding of the circular excavation’s effect on the deformation of an adjacent tunnel is currently lacking. Therefore, this study focused on the problem of precise predicting tunnel deformation below a circular excavation. A numerical model was established to calculate the tunnel deformation caused by the circular excavation. An advanced nonlinear constitutive model, known as a hypoplasticity model, which can capture path-dependent and strain-dependent soil stiffness even at small strains, was adopted. The models and their associated parameters were calibrated by centrifuge test results reported in the literature. The deformation mechanism was revealed, and the calculated results were compared with those obtained with a square excavation and the same excavation amount. The differences between the deformations caused by these two types of excavation shapes were analyzed. It was found that under equal excavation area conditions, the excavation-induced deformations of the metro tunnel below a circular excavation were approximately 1.18–1.22 times greater than those below a square excavation. The maximum tunnel tensile bending strain caused by the circular excavation was 32% smaller than that caused by the square excavation. By comparing with the measured results, it is proved that the proposed numerical method can provide effective reference for engineers to analyze soil-structure problems.
Study on Low-Speed Stability of a Motorcycle
Authors: Singhania Sharad , Kageyama Ichiro , Karanam Venkata M
Published: June 2019

The increased number of vehicles and poor road conditions in many countries result in slow moving traffic. At low-speeds, riding a motorcycle requires continuous input from a rider to achieve stability, which causes fatigue to the rider. Therefore, in this research, the low-speed stability of a motorcycle is studied using a theoretical and experimental approach to identify the parameters that can reduce the rider’s effort. Initially, a linear mathematical model of the motorcycle and rider system is presented; wherein, the equation of motion for the stability of the system in roll direction is derived. The open-loop and closed-loop poles from the equation are calculated to determine the regions for the low-speed stability. Subsequently, experiments are conducted on the motorcycle instrumented with the required sensors, on a straight path at speeds below 10 km/h. The input and output parameters from the experimental data are analyzed using a statistical method. Steering angle and steering torque are the input parameters; roll and yaw angles and their corresponding velocities are the output parameters selected for the analysis. Correlation and lead time between the input and output parameters are compared to identify the parameters useful for the rider to attain the low-speed stability. The results obtained from the experimental analysis validate the mathematical model. In addition, these findings also validate that the input parameters required to control the motorcycle to achieve low-speed stability can be estimated using the identified output parameters.
Carrier Dynamics in InGaN/GaN on the Basis of Different In Concentrations
Authors: Ye Zhi , Nguyen Hong , Feng Shih-Wei , Wang Hsiang-Chen , Chou Hwei-Ling
Published: June 2019

InGaN/GaN samples grown on c-plane sapphire substrate with different In concentrations by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are demonstrated. The subsequent capping GaN layer growth opens a possibility for dislocation reduction due to the lateral strain relaxation in growth geometry. We present the further growth optimization and innovative characterization of InGaN layers overgrown on different structures with varying In concentrations. The photoelectrical and optical properties of the InGaN layers with/without capping GaN layer are investigated by time-resolved picosecond transient grating and temperature dependence photoluminescence. We note a 10-fold increase in carrier lifetime in the InGaN layers when the sample structure changed from PIN to single InGaN layer.
New Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Generation Considering Multireservoir Systems
Authors: Ehteram Mohammad , Binti Koting Suhana , Afan Haitham Abdulmohsin , Mohd Nuruol Syuhadaa , Malek M. A. , Ahmed Ali Najah , El-shafie Amr H. , Onn Chiu Chuen , Lai Sai Hin , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: June 2019

In recent decades, solving complex real-life optimization problems has attracted the full attention of researchers. Dam and reservoir operation rules are considered one of the most complicated optimization engineering problems. In fact, the operation rules of dams and reservoirs are multisystematic and highly stochastic and have highly nonlinear system constraints due to the direct influence of environmental conditions: Therefore, these rules are considered highly complex optimization problems. Recently, metaheuristic methods inferred from nature have been broadly utilized to elucidate the way optimal solutions are provided for several complex optimization engineering applications, and these methods have achieved interesting results. The major advantage of these metaheuristic methods over conventional methods is the unnecessity to identify a particular initial condition, convexity, continuity, or differentiability. The present study investigated the potential of using a new metaheuristic method (i.e., the crow algorithm (CA)) to provide optimal operations for multireservoir systems, with the aim of optimally improving hydropower generation. A multireservoir system in China was considered to examine the performance of the proposed optimization algorithm for several operation scenarios. The results obtained the average hydropower generation by considering all examined operation scenarios based on the operation rule achieved using the CA, which outperformed the other metaheuristic methods. In addition, compared to other metaheuristic methods, the proposed CA lessened the time required to search for the optimal solution. In conclusion, the proposed CA has high potential for achieving optimal solutions to complex optimization problems associated with dam and reservoir operations.
Analysis of the Potential of an Increase in Yeast Output Resulting from the Application of Additional Process Wastewater in the Evaporator Station
Authors: Włodarczyk Barbara , Włodarczyk Paweł P.
Published: June 2019

This paper reports the results of an analysis of process wastewater streams in the context of an increase in yeast production. This research is based on the analysis of data from the biggest yeast factory in Europe. The research presented in this paper involves the analysis of the influence of direction of additional wastewater into the evaporator station on yeast production. In the process wastewater, nitrogen is mainly present in organic forms. The analysis reported in this paper involves the concentration of total nitrogen in wastewater streams, as it is the main parameter applied to determine the amount of wastewater that can be applied in agricultural fields. Directing additional wastewater into the evaporator station can offer a simultaneous increase in the volume of its use in the field of agriculture and will ultimately yield an increase in productivity (under conditions where additional pressure on the natural environment is not exerted). The results obtained in this analysis were an increase in production of ηYp = 0.1027, corresponding to about 6500 Mg of yeast per year. This is a feasible value, which can be derived from the existing agricultural field area and the properties of the evaporator station in the factory. At the same time, the same increase in the volume of organic fertilizer is obtained. This fertilizer is generated as a byproduct of the pre-treatment of wastewater at the evaporator station. Thus, the increase in the production of the fertilizer can have a positive effect on fields in local farms, which are typically the recipients of this fertilizer.
Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracturing of High Asphalt Concrete Core Rock-Fill Dam
Authors: Wang Zhengxing , Hao Jutao , Yang Jian , Cao Yan , Li Xiulin , Liu Shijia
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we experiment on the hydraulic fracturing of asphalt concrete with a voids content higher than 3%, which has arisen from the possible local shear dilatancy of Quxue asphalt’s core wall of concrete core dam, the highest one of the sort constructed in the world. The model test has shown that under the sole water pressure 0.13 MPa—relevant to the pressure where the dilatancy could appear at core wall of Quxue dam—the asphalt concrete with a voids content of 3.5% underwent hydraulic fracturing. Furthermore, the asphalt concrete with a voids content of 3.0% was tested for nearly 500 h and no sign of hydraulic fracturing was found, which again confirmed the threshold requirement for a 3% voids content to the impervious asphalt concrete to the hydraulic fracture concern. According to the analysis of the test result, the theory of fracture mechanics could be applied to the hydraulic fracture of asphalt concrete with a voids content between 3.4~4.0%, which behaved during hydraulic fracturing like a quasi-brittle material, similar to concrete. Because the hydraulic fracturing could occur in the shear dilatant asphalt concrete, a proper mix proportion of asphalt concrete to a project with adverse stress state should be carefully designed to rule out the possibility of shear dilatancy.
Analysis of Lightning and Precipitation Activities in Three Severe Convective Events Based on Doppler Radar and Microwave Radiometer over the Central China Region
Authors: Sun Jing , Chai Jian , Leng Liang , Xu Guirong
Published: June 2019

Hubei Province Region (HPR), located in Central China, is a concentrated area of severe convective weather. Three severe convective processes occurred in HPR were selected, namely 14–15 May 2015 (Case 1), 6–7 July 2013 (Case 2), and 11–12 September 2014 (Case 3). In order to investigate the differences between the three cases, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of cloud–ground lightning (CG) flashes and precipitation, the distribution of radar parameters, and the evolution of cloud environment characteristics (including water vapor (VD), liquid water content (LWC), relative humidity (RH), and temperature) were compared and analyzed by using the data of lightning locator, S-band Doppler radar, ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR), and automatic weather stations (AWS) in this study. The results showed that 80% of the CG flashes had an inverse correlation with the spatial distribution of heavy rainfall, 28.6% of positive CG (+CG) flashes occurred at the center of precipitation (>30 mm), and the percentage was higher than that of negative CG (−CG) flashes (13%). Moreover, the quantity of thunderstorm cells in Case 1 was more than other cases, the peak time of +CG flashes was prior to that of total CG flashes in Case 2 and Case 3, and the time of +CG flashes’ peak in Case 2 was prior to that of precipitation at about 2 h. Based on the analysis of the cloud environment, there are three main reasons for the differences of CG flashes and precipitation. Firstly, the structure of the LWC vertical profile and the height of the LWC peak are different, and high LWC makes it difficult for the collision of ice particles to generate electricity. Secondly, the differences between convective available potential energy (CAPE), precipitation, and CG flashes is caused by the sudden increase of VD from 1.5 km to 3 km, and thirdly, the production of CG flashes is very sensitive to RH at the surface layer and the total CG flashes increase as the RH increasing.
Characterization and Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds in Metro Carriage in Shanghai, China
Authors: Gong Yu , Zhou Tao , Zhao Youcai , Xu Bin
Published: June 2019

Air quality in transportation microenvironment has received widespread attention. In this study, the exposure levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in Shanghai metro system were measured simultaneously, and their risks to human health under different driving conditions were then assessed. The results showed that VOCs, PM2.5 concentrations and life cancer risk (LCR) of four VOCs (benzene, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, and acetaldehyde) in the old metro carriages were about 3 times, 3 times and 2 times higher than those in the new metro carriages, respectively. This difference can be ascribed to the fact that air filtration system in the new metro trains is significantly improved. The VOC levels, PM2.5 concentrations and LCR of VOCs on the above-ground track were slightly higher than those on the underground track. This is due to less outdoor polluted air entering into the carriage on the underground track. Number of passengers also had an effect on VOCs and PM2.5 concentrations in metro carriages. Additionally, the LCR of VOCs inside metro trains should not be ignored (7.69 × 10−6~1.47 × 10−5), especially inside old metro trains with the old ventilation system.
New Regression Method to Merge Different MODIS Aerosol Products Based on NDVI Datasets
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Wang Wei , Wu Lixin
Published: June 2019

The moderate resolution and imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 operational aerosol products that are based on the dark target (DT) method over vegetated regions and the enhanced deep blue (DB) algorithms over bright pixels provide daily global aerosol optical depth (AOD). However, increasing the data coverage by merging the DT and DB merged AOD product has recently become the focus of research. Therefore, this study aims to improve the merged AOD performance by introducing a new regression method (DTBRG), depending on the normalized difference vegetation index values when DT and DB AOD are valid. The DTBRG AOD is validated on a global scale while using aerosol robot network AOD measurements. Merged AOD550s from the MODIS official method and Bilal’s customized methods are evaluated for the same period for comparison. The inter-comparison of merged AOD550s from different methods with an equal number of coincident observations demonstrates that the DTBRG method performs better than the MODIS official algorithm with increased expected error (83% versus 76%), R (0.92 versus 0.90), and decreased bias (−0.001 versus 0.012). Therefore, it can be operationally used for global merged aerosol retrievals.
Yield Data Provide New Insight into the Dynamic Evaluation of Maize’s Climate Suitability: A Case Study in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Kaiwei , Wang Rui , Tong Zhijun , Zhang Jiquan
Published: June 2019

Examining the effects of climate change on spring maize, and its suitability under dynamic cultivation patterns, will aid strategic decision-making for future agricultural adaptation. This paper investigates the climate suitability of spring maize, based on daily data from 50 meteorological stations, and statistics on maize yield and area at the county level in Jilin Province, China, between 1986 and 2015. Based on a significant correlation between the cultivation patterns indicator ≥10 °C accumulated temperature (AAT10) and the average yield (R2 = 0.503), the yield data are used to determine suitable thresholds for meteorological factors under the dynamic cultivation pattern, and a fuzzy fitness approach is used to evaluate the climate suitability. The results showed a good agreement between suitability estimates and scaled observed yields (average d = 0.705). Moreover, good consistency between cultivation patterns, climate suitability and yield show that the late-maturing varieties of maize have gradually moved northward and eastward, and the areas of high suitability and high yield have gradually expanded eastward. In addition, drought and chilling hazard factors limit the suitability of climate resources, especially in the eastern and western regions.
Complete Controllability Conditions for Linear Singularly Perturbed Time-Invariant Systems with Multiple Delays via Chang-Type Transformation
Authors: Tsekhan Olga
Published: June 2019

The problem of complete controllability of a linear time-invariant singularly-perturbed system with multiple commensurate non-small delays in the slow state variables is considered. An approach to the time-scale separation of the original singularly-perturbed system by means of Chang-type non-degenerate transformation, generalized for the system with delay, is used. Sufficient conditions for complete controllability of the singularly-perturbed system with delay are obtained. The conditions do not depend on a singularity parameter and are valid for all its sufficiently small values. The conditions have a parametric rank form and are expressed in terms of the controllability conditions of two systems of a lower dimension than the original one: the degenerate system and the boundary layer system.
The Effectiveness of Herbal Mixture Supplements with and without Clomiphene Citrate in Comparison to Clomiphene Citrate on Serum Antioxidants and Glycemic Biomarkers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Willing to Be Pregnant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ainehchi Nava , Khaki Arash , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Hammadeh Mohamad , Ouladsahebmadarek Elaheh
Published: June 2019

This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal mixture (Mentha spicata, Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Citrus sinensis) only and along with clomiphene citrate (CC) compared to CC on serum antioxidants, glycemic status, menstrual regulation, and rate of pregnancy. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 60 infertile participants with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) willing to be pregnant. They were randomly allocated into group 1 (n = 20) who received routine dose of CC pills (50–150 mg) for three menstrual cycles from the fifth day of menstruation for five days; group 2 (n = 20) who consumed herbal mixture daily (700 mg); and group 3 (n = 20) who used up herbal mixture along with CC for 3 months. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in their blood samples. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. After intervention, however, the levels of CAT in group 2 (adjusted mean difference (aMD): = 9.0; confidence interval (CI) 95% = 1.1–16.9) and group 3 (aMD = 12.2; CI 95% = 4.5–19.9), GPx in group 2 (aMD = 986.1; CI 95% = 141.1–1831.1) and group 3 (aMD = 1781.2; CI 95% = 960.7–2601.8), and SOD in group 2 (aMD = 55.1; CI 95% = 26.0–84.2) increased. While FBS in group 3 (aMD = −8.7; CI 95% = −14.7 to −2.7), insulin in group 2 (aMD = −5.6; CI 95% = −10.8 to −0.4), and HOMA-IR in group 2 (aMD = −1.3; CI 95% = −2.4 to −0.2) significantly decreased compared to the group 1. To summarize, herbal mixture supplements along with CC have beneficial effects on serum antioxidant levels, as well as glycemic biomarkers of infertile PCOS, menstrual regulation, and pregnancy rate.
HSP90 Molecular Chaperones, Metabolic Rewiring, and Epigenetics: Impact on Tumor Progression and Perspective for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Condelli Valentina , Crispo Fabiana , Pietrafesa Michele , Lettini Giacomo , Matassa Danilo Swann , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo , Maddalena Francesca
Published: June 2019

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperones are a family of ubiquitous proteins participating in several cellular functions through the regulation of folding and/or assembly of large multiprotein complexes and client proteins. Thus, HSP90s chaperones are, directly or indirectly, master regulators of a variety of cellular processes, such as adaptation to stress, cell proliferation, motility, angiogenesis, and signal transduction. In recent years, it has been proposed that HSP90s play a crucial role in carcinogenesis as regulators of genotype-to-phenotype interplay. Indeed, HSP90 chaperones control metabolic rewiring, a hallmark of cancer cells, and influence the transcription of several of the key-genes responsible for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, through either direct binding to chromatin or through the quality control of transcription factors and epigenetic effectors. In this review, we will revise evidence suggesting how this interplay between epigenetics and metabolism may affect oncogenesis. We will examine the effect of metabolic rewiring on the accumulation of specific metabolites, and the changes in the availability of epigenetic co-factors and how this process can be controlled by HSP90 molecular chaperones. Understanding deeply the relationship between epigenetic and metabolism could disclose novel therapeutic scenarios that may lead to improvements in cancer treatment.