bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Biocorrosion in Copper Pipes under Actual Drinking Water Conditions
Authors: Galarce Carlos , Fischer Diego , Díez Beatriz , Vargas Ignacio T. , Pizarro Gonzalo E.
Published: April 2020

Deficient disinfection systems enable bacteria to form in drinking water; these can invade plumbing systems even if the pipes are composed of antibacterial materials such as copper. Severe copper corrosion by microorganisms and their subsequent release into the water system are evidenced by the blue water phenomenon. Proper monitoring and control can reduce such undesirable effects on water quality. However, a lack of data from analysis under actual conditions has limited the development of useful predictive tools and preventive strategies. In this work, an experimental aging system was connected to a drinking water network affected by the blue water phenomenon. The microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) was evaluated by studying the dynamics of the formed bacterial community and its relationship with copper corrosion and the release of copper. The results suggest that the conformation and composition of the biofilm attached to the surface influence the measured parameters. The corrosion rate was variable throughout the sampling time, with the highest value recorded after one year of aging. The composition of biofilms also changed with time; however, the genus Pseudomonas was ubiquitous over the sampling time. No relationship between the corrosion rate and the biofilm age was observed, thereby suggesting that MIC is a dynamic phenomenon that requires further study.
Moisture Transfer and Formation of Separate Ice in the Freezing Process of Saturated Soils
Authors: Chen Peishuai , Luo Huiwu , Liu Enlong
Published: April 2020

The formation and layer of ice lenses during the freezing of soil in cold regions is closely related to frozen heave and moisture immigration. The purpose of the paper is to explain the physical mechanisms pertaining to ice lens formation, which were analyzed and verified using numerical simulation results. Based on a few assumptions, the formation and layers of ice lenses are illuminated in the following steps: the initial stage of freezing, formation of the first layer of ice lens, formation of the second layer of ice lens, and formation of the final layer of ice lens. Compared with the numerical results of coupled thermo–hydro–mechanical simulations of one-side freezing of soil columns in an open system, the proposed analysis method of the formation and layers of ice lenses is verified to be reasonable, and it is demonstrated that the classical criterion for the formation of ice lens in freezing saturated soil is only suitable for the final layer of ice lens. Finally, a new criterion, in terms of flux rate, for the formation of ice lens is proposed.
Are Frontier Efficiency Methods Adequate to Compare the Efficiency of Water Utilities for Regulatory Purposes?
Authors: Estruch-Juan Elvira , Cabrera Enrique , Molinos-Senante María , Maziotis Alexandros
Published: April 2020

Frontier efficiency methods have been recurrently used in the water sector to assess the performance of water utilities. These methods are also used for yardstick regulation, with greater efficiency being sought by creating competition between the utilities, which can have an impact on decision-making processes, such as tariff setting. This study analyzes the adequacy and limitations of these methods for regulatory purposes, particularly how they deal with data uncertainty and their capacity to manage large number of variables. In order to achieve this, two representative methods—a nonparametric technique (data envelopment analysis) and an econometric one (stochastic frontier analysis)—are applied to an audited sample of 194 water utilities. Results will show that the results from the methods may not be considered conclusive in the water sector and their application should be carried out with considerable reservations.
Drinking Water Temperature around the Globe: Understanding, Policies, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Agudelo-Vera Claudia , Avvedimento Stefania , Boxall Joby , Creaco Enrico , de Kater Henk , Di Nardo Armando , Djukic Aleksandar , Douterelo Isabel , Fish Katherine E. , Iglesias Rey Pedro L. , Jacimovic Nenad , Jacobs Heinz E. , Kapelan Zoran , Martinez Solano Javier , Montoya Pachongo Carolina , Piller Olivier , Quintiliani Claudia , Ručka Jan , Tuhovčák Ladislav , Blokker Mirjam
Published: April 2020

Water temperature is often monitored at water sources and treatment works; however, there is limited monitoring of the water temperature in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), despite a known impact on physical, chemical and microbial reactions which impact water quality. A key parameter influencing drinking water temperature is soil temperature, which is influenced by the urban heat island effects. This paper provides critique and comprehensive summary of the current knowledge, policies and challenges regarding drinking water temperature research and presents the findings from a survey of international stakeholders. Knowledge gaps as well as challenges and opportunities for monitoring and research are identified. The conclusion of the study is that temperature in the DWDS is an emerging concern in various countries regardless of the water source and treatment, climate conditions, or network characteristics such as topology, pipe material or diameter. More research is needed, especially to determine (i) the effect of higher temperatures, (ii) a legislative limit on temperature and (iii) measures to comply with this limit.
Purification Effect of Sequential Constructed Wetland for the Polluted Water in Urban River
Authors: Bai Xueyuan , Zhu Xianfang , Jiang Haibo , Wang Zhongqiang , He Chunguang , Sheng Lianxi , Zhuang Jie
Published: April 2020

Constructed wetlands can play an active role in improving the water quality of urban rivers. In this study, a sequential series system of the floating-bed constructed wetland (FBCW), horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSFCW), and surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) were constructed for the urban river treatment in the cold regions of North China, which gave full play to the combined advantages. In the Yitong River, the designed capacity and the hydraulic loading of the system was 100 m3/d and 0.10 m3/m2d, respectively. The hydraulic retention time was approximately 72 h. The monitoring results, from April to October in 2016, showed the multiple wetland ecosystem could effectively remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), and suspended solids (SS) at average removal rates of 74.79%, 80.90%, 71.12%, 78.44%, and 91.90%, respectively. The removal rate of SS in floating-bed wetland was the largest among all the indicators (80.24%), which could prevent the block of sub-surface flow wetland effectively. The sub-surface flow wetland could remove the NH4-N, TN, and TP effectively, and the contribution rates were 79.20%, 64.64%, and 81.71%, respectively. The surface flow wetland could further purify the TN and the removal rate of TN could reach 23%. The total investment of this ecological engineering was $12,000. The construction cost and the operation cost were $120 and $0.02 per ton of polluted water, which was about 1/3 to 1/5 and 1/6 to 1/3 of the conventional sewage treatment, respectively. The results of this study provide a technical demonstration of the restoration of polluted water in urban rivers in northern China.
Controlled Reservoir Drawdown—Challenges for Sediment Management and Integrative Monitoring: An Austrian Case Study—Part B: Local Scale
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Holzapfel Patrick , Flödl Peter , Wagner Beatrice , Graf Wolfram , Leitner Patrick , Haimann Marlene , Holzer Georg , Haun Stefan , Habersack Helmut , Schletterer Martin
Published: April 2020

The present case study deals with a controlled drawdown beyond the operational level of the Gepatsch reservoir (Austria). Based on the awareness of potential ecological consequences, an advanced set of measures was conducted and an integrative monitoring design was implemented. This pre- and post-event monitoring included measurements regarding the cross sectional variability and habitat-related turbidity, freeze-core sampling to obtain knowledge on fine sediment infiltration and an evaluation of the macroinvertebrate communities as well as fish egg development (salmonid incubation). The results of the sedimentological as well as biological investigations show a negligible impact on the downstream located aquatic system due to the controlled drawdown of the Gepatsch reservoir. In addition, recommendations based on the findings from this study regarding possible methods for local scale monitoring can be given.
Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Toxicity and Natural Fluorescence by Ozonation in Biologically Pre-Treated Municipal Wastewater, in Comparison to Subsequent Polishing Biofilm Reactors
Authors: Tang Kai , Ooi Gordon , Spiliotopoulou Aikaterini , Kaarsholm Kamilla , Sundmark Kim , Florian Bianca , Kragelund Caroline , Bester Kai , Andersen Henrik
Published: April 2020

Ozonation followed by a polishing moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was implemented in pilot and laboratory to remove the residual pharmaceuticals and toxicity from wastewater effluent, which was from a pilot hybrid system of MBBR and activated sludge, receiving municipal wastewater. The delivered ozone dosages achieving 90% pharmaceutical removal were determined both in pilot and laboratory experiments and they were normalised to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), illustrating our findings were comparable with previously published literature. During wastewater ozonation, the intensity of natural fluorescence was found to be greatly associated with the concentrations of the studied pharmaceuticals. In pilot experiments, toxicity, measured by Vibrio fischeri, increased after ozonation at delivered ozone dosages at 0.38–0.47 mg O3/mg DOC and was completely removed by the subsequent polishing MBBR. Laboratory experiments verified that the polishing MBBR was able to remove the toxicity produced by the ozonation.
Critical Analysis of the Value of Drought Information and Impacts on Land Management and Public Health
Authors: Liu Tingting , Smith Kelly Helm , Krop Richard , Haigh Tonya , Svoboda Mark
Published: April 2020

This paper reviews previous efforts to assign monetary value to climatic or meteorological information, such as public information on drought, climate, early warning systems, and weather forecast information. Methods and tools that have been explored to examine the benefits of climatic and meteorological information include the avoided cost, contingent valuation, choice experiments, benefit transfer, and descriptive approaches using surveys. The second part of this paper discusses specific considerations related to valuing drought information for public health and the Bureau of Land Management. We found a multitude of connections between drought and the land management and health sectors in the literature. The majority of the papers that we summarized only report biophysical change, because the economic losses of drought are not available. Only a few papers reported economic loss associated with drought. To determine the value of drought information, we need to know more about the role it plays in decision making and what sources of drought information are used in different sectors. This inventory of methods and impacts highlights opportunities for further research in valuing drought information in land management and public health.
Trajectories of Sediment-Water Interactions in Reservoirs as a Result of Temperature and Oxygen Conditions
Authors: Dadi Tallent , Rinke Karsten , Friese Kurt
Published: April 2020

Temperate lakes/reservoirs are warming; this can influence the benthic release of nutrients. They undergo seasonal changes resulting in an array of temperature and oxygen conditions; oxic-low, oxic-high, anoxic-low, and anoxic-high temperature. We sought to understand the interaction of temperature and oxygen conditions on benthic solutes exchange through a two-factorial sediment core incubation experiment by varying either temperature or oxygen conditions of sediment cores from an oligotrophic and eutrophic reservoir. Temperature and oxygen conditions are both important for nutrient release; however, they influence solutes differently; differences in the fluxes of the treatments were explained more by temperature for P, DOC and N, while for Fe, Mn and SO42−, differences were explained more by oxygen conditions. The combination of strongly reducing conditions (due to anoxia) and high temperature (20 °C) led to a significant increase in nutrients concentrations in the overlying water. Under these conditions, SRP flux was 0.04 and 0.5 mmol m−2 d−1; ammonium was 0.9 and 5.6 mmol m−2 d−1 for the oligotrophic and eutrophic reservoir, respectively. We observed a synergistic interaction between temperature and oxygen conditions which resulted in release of solutes from sediments. An increase in nutrients release under increasing temperatures is more likely and so are algal blooms.
Managed Aquifer Recharge at a Farm Level: Evaluating the Performance of Direct Well Recharge Structures
Authors: Soni Prahlad , Dashora Yogita , Maheshwari Basant , Dillon Peter , Singh Pradeep , Kumar Anupama
Published: April 2020

A field study evaluated the performance of direct well recharge structures (DWRS) in order to harvest and filter farm runoff and its discharge into open dug wells to augment groundwater recharge. This was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 using a total of 11 wells in the Dharta watershed, situated in a semi-arid hardrock region of Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. The depth to water level in each DWRS well was monitored weekly for 1 to 3 years before and after the DWRS was established, and water samples were taken for water quality analysis (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, fluoride, and Escherichia coli) before and during the monsoon period. For each DWRS well, two control wells in close proximity were also monitored and sampled. Five of the DWRS established in 2018 also had flow meters installed in order to measure discharge from the filter to the well. The volume of water recharged through DWRS into individual wells during the 2018 monsoon ranged from 2 to 176 m3 per well. Although the mean rise in water levels over the monsoon was higher in DWRS wells than in nearby control wells, the difference was not significant. Values of pH, EC, TDS, and F decreased in DWRS and control wells as each monsoon progressed, whereas the turbidity of wells with DWRS increased slightly. There was no significant difference between DWRS and control wells for pH, EC/TDS, turbidity, or fluoride. The presence of E. coli in DWRS wells was higher than in control wells, however, E. coli exceeded drinking water guidelines in all sampled wells. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that rural runoff should not be admitted to wells that are used for, or close to, wells used for drinking water supplies, even though salinity and fluoride concentrations may be reduced. For this study, none of the 11 DWRS wells produced sufficient additional recharge to potentially increase dry season irrigation supplies to justify expenditure on DWRS. This even applies to the DWRS well adjacent to a small ephemeral stream that had a significantly larger catchment area than those drawing on farmers’ fields alone. An important and unexpected finding of this study was that no sampled open dug well met drinking water standards. This has led to a shift in local priorities to implement well-head water quality protection measures for wells used for drinking water supplies. It is recommended that parapet walls be built around the perimeter of such dug wells, as well as having covers be installed.
Multiannual Trend of Micro-Pollutants in Sediments and Benthic Community Response in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Italy)
Authors: Pitacco Valentina , Mistri Michele , Ferrari Carla Rita , Sfriso Adriano , Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Munari Cristina
Published: April 2020

Long-term variations of ecological status in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Northern Adriatic) were investigated, combining data on the concentration of surface sediment contaminants and on the structure of the macrobenthic community. The aim was to assess any amount of chemical contamination and check the response of the macrobenthic community to sediment contamination. Over the studied period, the sediments of the lagoon showed contamination by trace metals and organochlorine pesticides, with most of them exceeding the thresholds indicated by the Italian legislation in many samples. Contamination by polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) instead never exceeded the threshold. The ecological status based on the macrobenthic community, evaluated through biotic indices (AMBI and M-AMBI), fell below the Good/Moderate threshold in most samples. The results indicate a possible influence of toxic compounds in sediment on benthic organisms, but most of the variability shown by the macrobenthic community is probably due to other factors. The difficulty in establishing a cause/effect relationship was due to the co-occurrence and variability of various stressors (both natural and anthropogenic) and their interactions. The methods currently used for monitoring transitional waters thus seem insufficient to disentangle the effect of pollutants and other environmental variables on the benthos. Integrated approaches (e.g., bioaccumulation and toxicity tests) are thus needed for a more precise identification of the risk posed by a high concentration of pollutants in such environments.
COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception
Authors: Taghrir Mohammad Hossein , Borazjani Roham , Shiraly Ramin
Published: April 2020

Background: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began its journey around the world. Medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related knowledge, self-reported preventive behaviors and risk perception among Iranian medical students within the first week after the onset of the outbreak in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th to 28th of February, 2020. Participants were Iranian medical students (5th-7th year) whose knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perceptions of COVID-19 were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions including 15 items about COVID-19 related knowledge, 9 items regarding preventive measures and 2 items about COVID-19 risk perception. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown to be satisfactory. Results: A total of 240 medical students completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years. The average of correct answers of knowledge was 86.96%; and 79.60% had high level of related knowledge. The average rate of practicing preventive behaviors was 94.47%; and 94.2% had high level of performance in preventive behaviors. The cumulative score of risk perception was 4.08 out of 8 which was in moderate range. Risk perception was significantly different between stagers and interns and between those being trained in emergency room (ER) and non-ER wards. There was a significant negative correlation between preventive behaviors and risk perception. Conclusion: We found a high level of COVID-19 related knowledge and self-reported preventive behaviors and moderate risk perception among Iranian medical students.
A Step Forward Progress in Physics and Cosmology with an Alternative Approach to General Relativity
Authors: Jessii Prince
Published: April 2020

A property of spacetime which is the ability for more space to come into existence was first discovered by Albert Einstein with his General Theory of Relativity (GTR). This theory had predicted some observations like gravitational waves, black holes, orbital movements etc. Another property of spacetime is the fact that empty space can possess its own energy.As more space comes into existence, more of this energy of space appears, this form of energy regarded as dark energy would cause the universe to expand and accelerate at a fast rate. GTR had predicted some cosmological observations we see today but its still unable to account for the nature of dark energy, this has resulted into theorists insisting that there could be something wrong with GTR and a new theory could include a field that creates this cosmic acceleration.
CASOS DE TUBERCULOSE EM POPULAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: ANÁLISE DE DADOS SECUNDÁRIOS
Authors: Priscila Abdias do Nascimento Camila , Patrícia da Silva Andrade Soares Rayla , Saraiva Felix Rayane , Yasmine Bezerra e Silva Sandy , Simone Galvão Pinto Érika
Published: April 2020

OBJETIVO: analisar os casos confirmados de tuberculose na população em situação de rua no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo exploratório, quantitativo que analisou os dados de notificação de Tuberculose em população em situação de rua, no período 2014 a 2018. A pesquisa foi realizada com base nas informações estatísticas disponíveis no portal do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A coleta das informações foi realizada em dezembro de 2019 e as variáveis do estudo versam sobre: sexo, faixa, escolaridade, raça/cor e as regiões de saúde de confirmação de tuberculose em População em situação de rua. RESULTADOS: no período de 2014 a 2018 foram confirmados 166 casos de tuberculose em população em situação de rua no estado, 81,33% dos casos eram do sexo masculino com concentração de casos na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, 22,8% tem o ensino fundamental incompleto e a região metropolitana concentra 125 totais de caso de TB em PSR. CONCLUSÃO: a pesquisa permitiu identificar que a maior parte dos casos confirmados de tuberculose na população em situação de rua foram notificados em 2017, são do sexo masculino, com concentração na faixa etária 20 a 29 anos, possuem ensino fundamental incompleto e se concentram na região metropolitana do estado. Esses achados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações específicas voltadas para esse público pelos profissionais da equipe de saúde e gestores.

Palavras chave: Tuberculose; Pessoas em Situação de Rua; Sistemas de Informação.
Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade – PELC
Authors: Vieira Adriana Antunes , Teixeira Juliana Cristina de Abreu , Silva Rafael Frois da , Couto Ana Cláudia Porfírio
Published: April 2020

O Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC) é uma das políticas do Governo Federal que tem resultado em diversos estudos acadêmicos que procuram entendê-lo melhor. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo contribuir com estado da arte desta temática procurando estabelecer interfaces entre o PELC e alguns índices de desigualdade social. Para tal foram confrontados os dados sobre os convênios do PELC, o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. O estudo aponta para a necessidade da existência do IDH enquanto um critério que atribui um peso maior a determinado proponente, porém sugerem que, na atual configuração dos critérios de pontuação dos editais do PELC, este índice pode não assumir a devida importância que poderia ser lhe concedida.
A Implementação de Políticas Públicas de Lazer e suas Relações com o Capital Cultural dos Gestores Municipais
Authors: Menegaldo Pedro Henrique Iglesiaz , Basei Andréia Paula , Bendrath Eduard Angelo
Published: April 2020

Este estudo discute as relações no que concerne ao capital cultural dos gestores das secretarias/departamentos de esporte e lazer e a implementação de políticas públicas em nove municípios localizados na microrregião geográfica de Ivaiporã, Paraná. Para tanto, realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com os gestores dos municípios pesquisados, as quais foram analisadas com base no método de análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se um baixo acúmulo de capital cultural pelos gestores, os quais possuem um conhecimento restrito da área que reflete na implementação de políticas públicas municipais. Aponta-se a necessidade de os gestores ampliarem seu capital cultural relacionado a área do lazer, se apropriando dos conhecimentos da área, especificamente no que se refere ao planejamento, implantação, execução e controle de políticas públicas com vistas a atender as diferentes demandas sociais.
La Construcción de Políticas Turísticas Orientadas a los Sectores Medios Durante el Primer Peronismo
Authors: Piglia Melina , Pastoriza Elisa
Published: April 2020

En el marco general de los estudios de las políticas públicas durante el primer peronismo (Argentina 1946-1955), el presente trabajo pretende abordar aspectos descuidados de las políticas turísticas, desde una perspectiva de historia social. El artículo sostiene que, junto a las más conocidas transformaciones producidas en el campo del turismo obrero y el turismo social, se puede advertir durante el período peronista la puesta en marcha de políticas turísticas orientadas al turismo de los sectores medios. Ellas redundaron en inversiones en importantes obras de infraestructura, como caminos, transportes, balnearios y hotelería y en una creciente integración del territorio nacional.
AEROSINUSITIS
Authors: Anditiarina Dasti
Published: April 2020

Fungsi hidung yang normal sangat penting bagi personel penerbangan. Malfungsi dari hidung dapat berakibat serius dalam aerasi sinus. Aerosinusitis merupakan peradangan pada sinus yang berlangsung lebih dari 3 bulan dan secara histopatologi telah terjadi kerusakan silia yang irreversibel. Kondisi ini dapat menghambat aliran udara yang masuk dan keluar dari rongga sinus dan adanya gangguan dari tekanan atmosfir. Dimana hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan aerosinusitis barotrauma, sinus blok atau ‘squeeze’ secara tiba-tiba yang menyebabkan timbulnya inkapasitasi mendadak oleh karena rasa sakit pada saat tugas terbang yang berpengaruh pada keselamatan penerbangan.
DISTRIBUSI PENDERITA ABSES SUBMANDIBULA DI BAGIAN T.H.T.K.L RSUD BANGLI BALI PERIODE JANUARI 2016 SAMPAI DESEMBER 2018
Authors: Sri Utari I Gusti Ayu Oka
Published: April 2020

Abses submandibula menempati urutan tertinggi dari seluruh abses leher dalam. Faktor predisposisinya adalah higiene orodental yang buruk, diabetes melitus serta adanya penyakit imunodefisiensi. Angka morbiditas dari komplikasi yang ditimbulkan akibat abses submandibula masih cukup tinggi sehingga pengetahuan tentang faktor predisposisi serta diagnosis dan penanganan yang cepat dan tepat sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi penderita abses submandibula di bagian T.H.T.K.L RSUD Bangli Bali dalam 3 tahun terakhir yaitu bulan Januari 2016 sampai Desember 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif dengan sampel adalah seluruh penderita abses submandibula di bagian T.H.T.K.L RSUD Bangli dalam 3 tahun terakhir yaitu pada bulan Januari 2016 sampai Desember 2018 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah penderita yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah sebanyak 28 orang dengan umur penderita rata-rata 42,32 tahun, laki-laki lebih banyak dari perempuan yaitu 60,71%, keluhan penderita terbanyak pembengkakan di bawah rahang dan nyeri yaitu 100% dan 92,86%, sebagian besar unilateral yaitu 96,43%, sumber infeksinya adalah sebanyak 100 % dari infeksi gigi, kuman terbanyak adalah Streptokokus viridians yaitu sebanyak 39,29%, sebanyak 85,71 % penderita sensitif terhadap antibiotik sefalotin dan meropenem, komplikasi didapatkan pada 2 pasien yaitu abses parotis dan lama perawatan pasien terbanyak adalah 5 hari yaitu 42,87%. Disimpulkan bahwa sumber infeksi penderita abses submandibula pada penelitian ini adalah dari infeksi gigi, kuman terbanyak adalah Streptokokus viridians, sebagian besar penderitasensitif terhadap antibiotik sefalotin dan meropenem, serta komplikasi yang didapatkan pada penderita adalah abses parotis.
Frontline over ivory tower: key competencies in community-based curricula
Authors: Millar Adam , Malcolm Janine , Cheng Alice , Fine Rebecca , Wong Rene
Published: April 2020

Background: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada mandates that community experiences be incorporated into medicine-based specialties.  Presently there is wide variability in community endocrine experiences across Canadian training programs.  This is complicated by the paucity of literature providing guidance on what constitutes a ‘community’ rotation.Method: A modified Delphi technique was used to determine the CanMEDS competencies best taught in a community endocrinology curriculum. The Delphi technique is a qualitative-research method that uses a series of questionnaires sent to a group of experts with controlled feedback provided by the researchers after each survey round.  The experts in this study included endocrinology program directors, community endocrinologists, endocrinology residents and recent endocrinology graduates.Results: Thirty four out of 44 competencies rated by the panel were deemed suitable for a community curriculum.  The experts considered the “Manager” role best taught in the community, while they considered the community least suitable to learn the “Medical Expert” competency.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time the content of a community-based subspecialty curriculum was determined using the Delphi process in Canada.  These findings suggest that community settings have potential to fill in gaps in residency training in regards to the CanMEDS Manager role.  The results will aid program directors in designing competency-based community endocrinology rotations and competency-based community rotations in other medical subspecialty programs.
Using visual art and collaborative reflection to explore medical attitudes toward vulnerable persons
Authors: Kidd Monica , Nixon Lara , Rosenal Tom , Jackson Roberta , Pereles Laurie , Mitchell Ian , Bendiak Glenda , Hughes Lisa
Published: April 2020

Background: Vulnerable persons often face stigma-related barriers while seeking health care. Innovative education and professional development methods are needed to help change this.Method: We describe an interdisciplinary group workshop designed around a discomfiting oil portrait, intended to trigger provocative conversations among health care students and practitioners, and we present our mixed methods analysis of participant reflections.Results: After the workshop, participants were significantly more likely to endorse the statements that the observation and interpretive skills involved in viewing visual art are relevant to patient care and that visual art should be used in medical education to improve students’ observational skills, narrative skills, and empathy with their patients.  Subsequent to the workshop, significantly more participants agreed that art interpretation should be required curriculum for health care students. Qualitative comments from two groups from two different education and professional contexts were examined for themes; conversations focused on issues of power, body image/self-esteem, and lessons for clinical practice.   Conclusions: We argue that difficult conversations about affective responses to vulnerable persons are possible in a collaborative context using well-chosen works of visual art that can stand in for a patient.
Procedural skills training for Canadian medical students participating in international electives
Authors: Margolick Joseph , Kanters David , Cameron Brian
Published: April 2020

Background: International medical electives (IMEs) are unique learning opportunities; however, trainees can risk patient safety. Returning medical students often express concern about doing procedures beyond their level of training. The Canadian Federation of Medical Students has developed guidelines for pre-departure training (PDT), which do not address procedural skills. The purpose of this research is to determine which procedural skills to include in future PDT.Methods: Twenty-six medical students who returned from IMEs completed surveys to assess PDT. Using a Likert scale, we compared procedures performed by students before departing on IME to those performed while abroad. We used a similar scale to assess which procedures students feel ought to be included in future PDT.Results: There was no significant increase in number of procedures performed while on IME.  Skills deemed most important to include in future PDT were intravenous line insertion, suturing of lacerations, surgical assisting and post-operative wound care.Conclusions: Pre-departure training is new and lacks instruction in procedural skills. Over half the students rated several procedural skills such as IV line insertion, suturing, assisting in surgery, post operative wound management and foley catheterization as important assets for future PDT.
Tackling challenges of global health electives: Resident experiences of a structured and supervised medicine elective within an existing global health partnership
Authors: Tubman Michelle , Maskalyk James , MacKinnon David , Venugopal Raghu , Fremes Elayna , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa , Azazh Aklilu , Landes Megan
Published: April 2020

Background: The Toronto-Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration in Emergency Medicine (TAAAC-EM) deploys teaching teams of Canadian EM faculty to Addis Ababa to deliver a longitudinal residency curriculum. Canadian trainees participate in these teams as a formally structured and supervised elective in global health (GH) and EM, which has been designed to enhance the strength of GH electives and address key challenges highlighted in the literature.Methods: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify, describe, and evaluate strengths and weaknesses of this elective in relation to its purposeful structure. Residents who completed the elective were invited to participate in face-to-face interviews to discuss their experiences.Results: The findings show that the residents both chose this elective because of its purposefully designed features, and that these same features increased their enjoyment and the educational benefit of the elective. Supervised bedside teaching, relationships shared with Ethiopian residents, and the positive impact the experience had on their clinical practice in Canada were identified as the primary strengthsConclusion: Purposeful and thoughtful design of global health electives can enhance the resident learning experience and mitigate challenges for trainees seeking global health training opportunities.
KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK: KEADILAN DAN PENGETAHUAN PAJAK KPP MALANG SELATAN
Authors: Perdana Sukma , Arifin Rosyid
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fairness and tax knowledge on compliance of individual taxpayers in Malang. The analytical method used in this study is multiple regression. Based on the results of the analysis found evidence that simultaneously or partially justice and tax knowledge affect the compliance of Individual Taxpayers in Malang. In order to improve taxpayer compliance, the KPP Pratama office in Malang provides taxation knowledge to the public through intensive, consistent and sustainable tax education. In addition, it is necessary to increase the quantity and quality of tax education counseling so that the public's tax knowledge increases and become more aware and compliant in carrying out their tax obligations. In addition, taxpayers to learn more and understand the regulations regarding taxation so that they can improve their compliance as taxpayers

Keywords: Justice, tax knowledge and taxpayer compliance
SISTEM PENGGAJIAN TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN INTERN DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTI NIRMALA MALANG
Authors: Putri Ayu Kemala , Hendrawaty Rina
Published: April 2020

Accurate information is a major requirement for management in carrying out all activities related to achieving the stated goals. This information has an important role in the process of controlling and making decisions on the company's operations that have been and will be carried out, so that it can be said that the success of management depends on the information and whether information is owned accurately. Internal payroll system for good payroll is expected later ease the burden of payroll, so that it can be used as a monitoring tool for the company. Therefore, in a company there needs to be an adequate payroll system and procedure which includes recording time attendance, recording working time, making payroll, making procedures for proof of cash out, salary distribution procedures and procedures for payment of wages in which the implementation is an internal control. The results of the study explained that payroll accounting systems, payroll systems, payroll procedures and organizational structure simultaneously affect internal control of the Pirm Nirmala Hospital and partially each payroll accounting system, payroll system, payroll procedure, and organizational structure also very influential for control intern of Panti Nirmala Hospital Malang.

Keywords: Payroll accounting system, Payroll system, Payroll procedure Organizational structure and Internal control
Natural Environment Pretability of Plapcea Basin For Agriculture
Authors: Stanila Anca-Luiza
Published: April 2020

Plapcea Basin is among the regions nature and diversity of natural territorial complex components provides users obtain optimal agricultural production and income, especially if harnessed effectively, economically and environmentally existing technologies. A productive agriculture is essential prerequisite for sustainable development of agriculture with multiple objectives, further reduce poverty and improve livelihoods, with preserving and protecting the natural resource base. But these are not possible without special research, extensive and often lengthy. On this importance is the paper which deals extensively formation, development and distribution of the soil in the area closely correlated to environmental factors, and pretability for characterization of the natural environment for agricultural region. Since the economic efficiency of agriculture is not possible without the use of all factors of landscape, I referred to the region`s agricultural pretability of each component of the environment and therefore soil. A number of factors, however, limit the agricultural production. Therefore Plapcea Basin were outstanding four categories of land, the last with severe restrictions. Eliminating or at least reducing these restrictions is only possible through the application of measures and agropedoameliorative works.
Effect of Thermal Processing on Anthocyanin Degradation in Two Bilberry Jam Formulations
Authors: Nikolic Milena , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Mitic Milan , Mitic Snezana , Tosic Snezana , Mrmosanin Jelena , Pecev-Marinkovic Emilija
Published: April 2020

Fresh bilberries were processed into sugar and sugar-low jams at high temperatures (90, 95, 100 and 105 �C) in order to follow degradation of total and individual anthocyanins. The greatest reten-tion of all examined compounds was observed in sugar-low jam prepared at 90 �C for 5 minutes, while the greatest loss was detected in sugar jam prepared at 105 �C for 30 min. Cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were found to be the most stable, while delphinidin-3-arabinoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were the least stable.
Analytical Study of Thermomechanical Strength of Assemblies with Optional Plane Flanges. The Effect of the Flange Ring Rotation Around the Median Circumference
Authors: Iatan Radu I. , Roman (Urse) Georgeta , Tomescu Gheorghita , Chelu Angela
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the analytical evaluation of the thermo - mechanical stresses developed in the circular flange assemblies, of optional type, welded to the cylindrical shell of a pressure vessel. In this case, the structure is formed by welding the cylindrical shell on the inner circumference of the flange ring. Based on the theory of deformation compatibility (radial displacements and rotations), the expressions for the evaluation of radial unitary bending moments and the unitary shear forces are deduced. Subsequently, stress values can be calculated and their concentration can be evaluated along the cylindrical shell, below the separation plane of the flange ring.
A Severe Neonatal Argininosuccinic Aciduria Case Investigated by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Vulturar Romana , Chis Adina , Baizat Melinda , Cozma Angela , Suharoschi Ramona , Nicolescu Alina , Deleanu Calin
Published: April 2020

The NMR urine analysis of a term newborn with severe general deterioration of the clinical state revealed the presence in high concentrations of orotic and argininosuccinic acids. The newborn was suspected for an intoxication-like inborn error of metabolism, and the urine samples were followed up by NMR spectroscopy for several days in order to assess the metabolic pattern. The identified markers led to a definitive biochemical diagnosis of argininosuccinic aciduria.
The Effects of Inositol on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Popovici Razvan , Petroaie Antoneta Dacia , Carauleanu Alexandru , Esanu Irina , Paraschiv Cringuta , Grigore Mihaela
Published: April 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in the reproductive period of women. In the last years, significant progress has been made in understanding the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. This multifactorial entity is associated with complex hormonal, infertility and metabolic aspects that require a proper medical approach and a therapeutic strategy. The increased concentration of androgens, ovulation disorders, and polycystic ovarian morphology belong to the classic picture of PCOS. Insulin resistance (IR) and related compensatory hyperinsulinemia in PCOS underlie inositol therapy, known as insulin second messengers. These molecules with insulin-mimetic properties enhance insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction of glucose and insulin blood levels. Choosing Myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) as a therapeutic option involves understanding their physiological properties and mechanisms through which they improve insulin resistance. This article focuses on recent data from the literature that supports the effectiveness and safeness of inositol treatment in combating endocrine and metabolic disorders of this syndrome.
A Comparative Study Regarding the Efficiency of Two Different Systems of Chlorhexidine Release in Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Luchian Ionut , Martu Ioana , Moscalu Mihaela , Nichitean Giorgio , Solomon Sorina-Mihaela , Martu Maria-Alexandra , Laza-Demirbuken Georgeta , Goriuc Ancuta
Published: April 2020

Supragingival scaling and especially the subgingival one represent together with root planning (SRP) the main elements of periodontal therapy. Chlorohexidine gluconate represents an realiable option as an anstiseptic that can be associated with SRP in order to reduce the probing depth (PD). The current research involved selecting 30 pacients with periodontal disease and at least one situs with PD greater than 5 mm. The patients were randomly and equally divided into three groups that were named A, B and C. The patients that were included in Group A received SRP without any additional substances. At the level of Group B the patients received SRP and inside the pockets with PD greater than 5 mm we applied the topical gel Glucosite Gel (Cerkamed) for three consecutive times, every 24 hours. Patients that were included in Group C were treated using SRP and at the level of pockets with PD greater or equal with 5 mm we applied the product PerioChip (Dexcel). Our results proved that for all three groups the values of PD recorderd after treatment were significantly lower compared to the initial ones (p]0.05) but in case of group C (SRP+PerioChip) the the drop of the PD values were significantly higher. After treatment the values of PBI were significantly lower in the case of patients included in group C (SRP+PerioChip) in comparison with the ones recorded in patients included in group A (SRP) (p=0.00053) or group (SRP+Glucosite) (p=0.0178). The slow release of chlorohexidine gluconate into periodontal pockets is an effective solution, superior to the topical application of this active product.
Effective Biosorptive Elimination of Fluoride and Sulfide Ions from Water Using Chemical Modified Rice Bran in Economical Way
Authors: Dar Amara , Rehman Rabia , Dar Parsa , Kausar Ayesha , Noreen Saba , Mitu Liviu
Published: April 2020

Due to industrial development the sulfide ions are present in excess in the effluents from tanneries, whereas ceramic and glass industries are the major contributors of fluoride ions. The concentration of these ions is beyond permissible limit in water bodies, thereby causing serious health issues. An attempt is made to highlight the effectiveness of chemical modification of rice bran with zinc chloride for the removal of sulfide and fluoride ions from aqueous solutions. Batch mode adsorption study was conducted. Mechanism of adsorption was explored by applying the isothermal models like Langmuir and Freundlich. Maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g) revealed that zinc chloride modification of rice bran increased the sulfide and fluoride removal from 3.79 mg/g to 7.08 mg/g and 1.37 mg/g to 2.06 mg/g, respectively. Sulfide ions were more efficiently eliminated using the selected adsorbent in its modified form.
Articular dispositivos de formação e de governança: um desafio para o desenvolvimento
Authors: Coudel Emilie , Tonneau Jean-Philippe , Piraux Marc
Published: April 2020

O desenvolvimento territorial enfrenta muitas vezes a falta de competência para favorecer o seu desempenho. As formações são meios freqüentemente usados para melhorálas. Esta comunicação propõe uma reflexão sobre a maneira como formações podem contribuir ao fortalecimento das capacidades necessárias no âmbito de um desenvolvimento territorial. Reforçar, simultaneamente, o capital humano, social e institucional dos atores constitui um verdadeiro desafio para uma formação. Apoiando-nos sobre teorias da aprendizagem, sugerimos hipóteses de melhoramento dos dispositivos de formação: a diversidade dos atores envolvidos, a necessidade de uma problematização e a inserção da formação nos processos territoriais. Destacamos, especialmente, a importância de vincular os dispositivos de formação aos dispositivos de governança territorial para permitir aos atores exercer plenamente as novas competências adquiridas.
Trafik Sıkışıklığının Azaltılmasında Ulaşım Çözümlerinin Etkisi
Authors: Ilıcalı Mustafa , Saraç Süleyman
Published: April 2020

Günümüzde her geçen gün maddi imkânların ve teknolojik gelişmelerin artması
sonucu kentlerde trafik sıkışıklıkları ve yoğunlukları artmaya başlamış,
bununla beraber hava kirliliği ve zaman kayıpları da artmaya başlamıştır.
İnsanların trafikte geçirdikleri zamanın artmasıyla kent yöneticileri ve ulaşım
planlamacılar yeni yollar ve yeni ulaşım yatırımları yaparak bu sorunun önüne
geçmeyi hedeflemişlerdir. Fakat yapılan yeni ulaşım yatırımları ve yollarda
trafik sıkışıklığının önüne geçememiştir. Bu çalışmada Kocaeli ili sınırlarında
trafik sıkışıklığının gözlemlendiği Gölcük Koridoru irdelenerek ulaşım
yatırımlarının trafik sıkışıklığına etkileri PTV Group Vissim yazılımı
yardımıyla analiz edilecektir. Yazılım yardımıyla koridor boyunca mikro
simülasyon modeli oluşturularak halihazırda işleyen mevcut trafik akışı daha
önceden yapılan trafik sayımları verileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Öneri
olarak geliştirilen senaryolarda aynı trafik hacminde test edilerek, koridor
üzerinde yapılması planlanan projelerin çözüme katkısı karşılaştırılacaktır.