bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of an aircraft maintenance program for operator
Authors:   University of Zilina, Kulíšek Jakub , Bugaj Martin
Published: August 2021

The paper on the topic The importance of aircraft maintenance for operator deals with the maintenance of aircraft at smaller operators. Maintenance is an important part of the operation of aircraft, and therefore we have created a work in which we pay detailed attention to the overall maintenance of the aircraft. The introductory chapter of the paper reveals to the reader the history of aircraft maintenance from its beginnings, during the first attempts of the Wright brothers, through the First World War, the Second World War to the current maintenance. The second chapter is the main part of the work and the work describes the general maintenance performed on aircraft around the world. In this chapter, we paid attention to the accuracy of the terms and we wanted to bring the reader valuable information that can be used further. In the introductory subchapters, we focus mainly on structural maintenance, followed by the maintenance of components that are located on the aircraft and last but not least, the type of maintenance performed on the aircraft. The chapter concludes with the maintenance review itself and selected maintenance checks. In the third chapter we deal with service and overhaul of aircraft. The subchapters contain information on maintenance planning, maintenance processes and problems that may occur during maintenance. The fourth chapter deals with the selected type of aircraft, namely the Piper PA-28R, where the reader can find general information about the aircraft, but also information about technical parameters. In the last part of the work, we focused on the practical part, in which we worked on a detailed analysis of the comparison of the two sectors. From the sources of information, we tried to conscientiously choose those that will enrich the work and give the reader sufficient knowledge about the paper.
Unruly passengers on board aircraft
Authors:   University of Zilina, Lásková Mariana , Novák Sedláčková Alena
Published: August 2021

Unruly behaviour on board aircraft can cause a minor inconvenience to the other passengers, or else, it can escalate to such a degree where the passengers’ safety is jeopardised. Over the last three decades, the number of unruly passenger incidents has increased dramatically. The frequency and severity of such incidents had become a growing concern of the international community and aviation industry itself. Consequently, different preventive and countermeasures have been implemented to cope and deter such behaviour. The primary aim of this paper is to focus on the legal aspect of trying and prosecuting the offenders who have committed an offence or act that jeopardises the safety of aircraft or good order on board. This was accomplished by analysing the international legal framework governing unruly behaviour, namely the Tokyo Convention of 1963 and its amending Montreal Protocol from 2014. The main factor that was observed is the way how these legal instruments addressed the provisions for trying the alleged offenders and their effectiveness in the deterrence of unruly behaviour. In this paper, formal legal and case-study methods, along with comparative reasoning, were used to analyse the legal instruments. The findings showed that the Tokyo Convention had made a valuable contribution to establishing an international security legal framework. However, considerable deficiencies of this treaty have hindered the global legal uniformity and effective enforcement mechanism. Those shortcomings were to be eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that, while it succeeded to eliminate the most triggering shortcoming of jurisdiction, it failed to address the lack of strong enforcement and has even constrained the powers of in-flight security officers. Regrettably, that proves to impede the achievement of the Montreal Protocol’s objectives, and it sees only a small added value. Hence, further improvements are needed to ensure that it is effective in the realities faced by modern aviation.
Comparison of fog occurrence at Slovak international airports for the period 1998-2018
Authors:   University of Zilina, Michalovič Adam , Jarošová Miriam
Published: August 2021

The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare the occurrence of fog at the international airports of the Slovak Republic in the years 1998-2018. The paper explains the influence of weather on the flight, the influence of meteorological conditions on visibility, defines the fog and describes the international airports - M. R. Štefánik Airport in Bratislava, Košice Airport, Poprad - Tatry Airport and Žilina Airport. Based on the analysis of METAR reports, we found that the average number of foggy days in the monitored period at Žilina Airport was 132.24 days per year. It is followed by Košice Airport (81.33 days), Poprad Airport (77.81 days) and Bratislava Airport (61.33 days). We attributed the high number of days with the occurrence of fog at Žilina Airport to its location, as there are up to nine water reservoirs and the main course of the Váh River in its vicinity. Bratislava Airport has ideal conditions in terms of visibility. According to METAR, 37 % of foggy days were recorded in autumn, 31% of foggy days in winter, 17 % of foggy days in summer and 15 % of foggy days in spring. At international airports, fog in the autumn meteorological period in the observed period from 1998 to 2018 occurred most often from 00:00 to 12:00, ie mainly in the morning and in the morning, with an incidence of 57 % to 71%.
The processes for securing the operation of aircraft technology
Authors:   University of Zilina, Regec Kristián , Bugaj Martin
Published: August 2021

The paper deals with the issue of processes in securing the operation of aircraft technology. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts such as competence of aircraft technology, legislative requirements, organizations responsible for securing the competence of aircraft technology and a brief overview of the history and development in the field of aircraft technology provision. The analytical part focuses on the methods and procedures for the evaluation of the processes used in the operation of aircraft technology. In this part, the paper also portrays the specific processes which are necessary to secure the operation of aircraft technology. Based on the research of the topic and concludings, the paper sums up the set of proposals and measures to make the abovementioned processes more effective.
Design of a bladeless engine compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics
Authors:   University of Zilina, Stachová Jana , Čerňan Jozef
Published: August 2021

This article is a technical analysis focusing on the design of a bladeless compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its use. The aim of this work is to design new solutions in the field of aircraft compressors and to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific information on the topic. Emphasis is also placed on acquainting the reader with the basic principles of magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its application in the field of aircraft propulsion units. The work is a combination of professional research of scientific information in the field of plasma and magnetohydrodynamics and a practical part whose goal is to create new design of a bladeless compressor using scientific observation and modelling methods. This design was also examined in the work using the method of comparison, which aimed to examine the design and its behaviour in different configurations. The main goal was to combine essential and key information from the researched area and apply it in a completely new way in designing new solutions in issued area
Differences in approaches to charging for air navigation services in selected countries of the world regions
Authors:   University of Zilina, Vodžák Milan , Materna Matúš
Published: August 2021

The work analyzes and finds out the difference in the charging systems of air navigation service providers in selected countries of the world regions, which is the main financial and economical factor to cover the costs of providing air navigation services. It deals with various charging systems in selected regions of the world by specific air navigation service providers of countries (China, Mexico and the Eurocontrol area), and identifies howindividual differences in charging systems act in total amount of en-route charges. In general, the key factor for considering air navigation service providers is the price of services, but in our work we also deal with the influence of the distance factor on the total amount of the charge and the weight factor, which can be determined in different regions of the world by various approaches. These are two ways determining the number of providers' services which are subsequently subject to a price per unit of that service. The finding of the work is that charging systems for air navigation services which use categorization methods of maximum take-off weight (wingspan), which have the ability to influence the total amount of charges by two factors, first is a unit rate (price) of individual categories, and the second is a change in size of category. Unlike charging systems, where the uniform formula is used to calculate the weighting factor, only changes in the value of the unit rate can be used to change charges.
International expansion of ground handling service providers at the airports
Authors:   University of Zilina, Hluško Daniel , Tomová Anna
Published: August 2021

The goal of this paper was to measure and assess the international expansion of independent ground handling providers. Based on the results of individual measurements, we can state that each of the five most important independent providers of groundhandling services selected by us has already undergone a significant international expansion, and thus currently prefers the service of foreign airports to domestic ones. Globalization and the liberalization of the entire aviation sector have largely contributed to this fact, mainly due to the unlocking of market entry and the creation of more favorable conditions on foreign markets. Among the secondary objectives we have included an analysis of the state of the ground handling sector together with an analysis of the European liberalization Directive 96/67 / EC and its impact on the European groundhandling market. The main findings were that for example prices for the provision of ground handling services fell more sharply, while the quality of services increased and the number of providers at airports generally increased, which helped to increase the market share of third-party ground handling providers. The motive for the elaboration of the paper was the outdatedness of previous studies aimed at assessing the international expansion of ground handling service providers. Another motive was the elaboration of a proposal for a measurement method with regard to the performance of providers in foreign markets. The paper presents individual calculations with current input data and classification of providers in terms of the shape of global expansion, taking into account the current ongoing global pandemic Covid-19
The future of aircraft data communication and management as a part of aviation 4.0 concept
Authors:   University of Zilina, Sekera Jakub , Novák Andrej
Published: August 2021

Data communication and management represent a crucial part of future systems in aviation. Huge recent technological advancements have led the whole aeronautical industry into the new evolutionary era called Aviation 4.0. The goal of Aviation 4.0 is the creation of cyber-physical system, following the path from advanced automation, to very first autonomy systems efficiently assisting human. This system involves multiple direct data related applications and devices, including AI analytics, massive use of IoT devices, machine learning capabilities, or advanced monitoring. Due to needed enormous flow of data, current connectivity solutions are becoming insufficient for the future use cases. Near future connectivity problems may become very apparent in datalink. With exponentially increasing amount of data needed by the future aircraft systems, higher datalink communication capacity and better performance of datalink subnetwork are required to meet the higher performance standards and levels of operational safety. This paper offers complex overview of current datalink communication technologies, planned concepts and possible solutions to the problem, in the form of new datalink technology – LEO mega satellite constellation offering Internet connectivity. Through basic deductive research, paper is aimed to study existing datalinks and proposed new LEO satellite communication datalink, evaluating their performance based on the future datalink requirements stated in studied plans and roadmaps. Furthermore, Aviation 4.0 dominant aspects are studied, requirements on future data communication technology are declared, and the possible use cases of Aviation 4.0 smart aircraft systems are showed. The objective of this paper is targeted to determination whether any of the researched datalink subnetwork would comply with Aviation 4.0 future datalink requirements.
Ebelik ve hemşirelik öğrencilerinin çevrim içi anatomi eğitimi hakkındaki öngörü ve deneyimleri
Authors: ELVAN Özlem , ÇAYAN Dicle , DERİCİ YILDIRIM Didem , ÖGENLER Oya
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, anatomi dersini, yüz yüze eğitim ve çevrim içi eğitim olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde alan hemşirelik ve ebelik bölümü öğrencilerinin anatomi eğitimine ilişkin öngörü ve deneyimlerini ortaya koymak hedeflendi. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırma Temmuz - Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında Mersin Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi ve İçel Sağlık Yüksekokulu Ebelik bölümü ile Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Niğde Zübeyde Hanım Sağlık Yüksekokulu’nda ebelik ve hemşirelik bölümü 699 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Öğrenciler anatomi eğitimini, yüz yüze teorik ve pratik ders şeklinde alan birinci grup ve çevrim içi eğitim şeklinde alan ikinci grup olarak sınıflandırıldı. Çalışmada, öğrencilere WhatsApp yoluyla ulaştırılan ve gönüllü olanlar tarafından doldurularak geri iletilen formlar kullanıldı. Öğrencilere, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak oluşturulan 19 sorudan oluşan bir anket formu uygulandı. Anket sorularının cevaplanması için “Tamamen katılıyorum (5), katılıyorum (4), kararsızım (3), katılmıyorum (2) ve kesinlikle katılmıyorum (1)” seçeneklerinden oluşan beşli Likert tipi soru kalıbı kullanıldı. Bulgular: Öğrenci gruplarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğrenciler uygulama derslerine ihtiyaç duymakta, görsel ve işitsel kaynakların derslere daha fazla entegre edilmesini istemektedirler. Çevrim içi anatomi eğitimi alan öğrenciler, öğretim elemanı tarafından hazırlanan videolara, çevrim içi ders materyaline ulaşılabilir olmasına, hibrit eğitime daha fazla ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bu öğrenciler çevrim içi anatomi eğitiminin daha etkin olduğunu bildirmektedirler. Sonuç: Öğrenci öngörülerini ve deneyimlerini içeren bu çalışma sonucunda anatomi eğitimini iyileştirme konusunda gayret edilmesi gerektiği görüldü. Özellikle, uygulamalı derslerin katkısını telafi etmeye yönelik görsel ve işitsel ders kaynaklarının arttırılması, yenilikçi öğretme tekniklerinin uygulanması ve teknik yetersizliklerin hızla aşılması gerekmektedir.
Factors associated with the occurrence of dengue epidemics in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: de Sousa Selma Costa , Carneiro Mariângela , Eiras Álvaro Eduardo , Bezerra Juliana Maria Trindade , Barbosa David Soeiro
Published: August 2021

Objective. To identify and describe broadly the factors related to the occurrence of dengue epidemics in Brazil.

Methods. Systematic review of studies published in Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, BVS, Web of Science, Scopus, and thesis and dissertations databases using descriptors cataloged in DeCs and MeSH on dengue and factors associated with the occurrence of epidemics, published from 2008 to 2018.

Results. Thirty-five studies carried out in the country were selected. The epidemics recorded in Brazil were associated and/or correlated with multiple factors such as environment, socioeconomic conditions, climate, and aspects related to the vector, among others.

Conclusions. Dengue epidemics are complex and multifactorial. The continuity of the vector control actions was found to be relevant to the reduction of Aedes aegypti and for disease control. To contain the spread of the disease, effective measures are needed in all sectors, including health, education, economy, population, business, and government. Actions for the early detection of cases of the disease can prevent new outbreaks of epidemics.
TOTALITARISMO E MUNDO DE SEMBLÂNCIAS A PARTIR DE HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Dias Lucas Barreto
Published: August 2021

Neste texto, proponho o conceito de mundo de semblâncias para pensar elementos antipolíticos que afastam a pluralidade humana do mundo comum e da vida pública. Para tanto, faço uma interpretação sobre Origens do totalitarismo a partir de conceitos elaborados por Arendt em A condição humana e A vida do espírito. Penso que as reflexões da autora sobre o espaço público junto às noções de aparência, pluralidade e mundo iluminam a sua teoria sobre a novidade que o totalitarismo representou na nossa história. Inicio o percurso relacionando a política com o tema da aparência e da pluralidade. Em seguida, exponho como Arendt diferencia aparência e semblância a fim de usar este último em uma chave antipolítica de ocultamento da realidade. Demonstro como a propaganda inicia a organização deste mundo de semblâncias promovendo uma alienação da vida pública e uma desmundanização por meio da mentira. A pretensão totalitária de dominação total, todavia, só encontraria sua forma mais aprofundada no terror e nos campos de extermínio, o que, caso levado às últimas consequências, pensa a autora, significaria o fim do mundo e dos seres humanos. Por fim, faço uma breve leitura sobre como o mundo de semblâncias persiste em nossa contemporaneidade.Palavras-chave: Totalitarismo. Espaço público. Aparência. Mundo de Semblâncias. Propaganda.
A “MENTIRA ORGANIZADA” NO TOTALITARISMO
Authors: Alves Neto Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: August 2021

O artigo explicita e discute a análise político-filosófica arendtiana do papel da propaganda nos movimentos e regimes totalitários, tendo em vista compreender de que modo um dos seus aspectos essenciais foi a centralidade da propagação da mentira como forma de comunicação política, organização da opinião pública e doutrinação ideológica das massas.
Financial Distress Prediction in Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation Sector Companies 2015-2020
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi , Himmati Risdiana , Ardillah Id Fitria Rahayu , Sarasmitha Citra
Published: August 2021

This research is based on financial distress or financial distress, which negatively impacts the company, marked by its inability to fulfill its obligations at maturity. This phenomenon can be an early warning related to further problems, and financial distress can be overcome by predicting as early as possible. This prediction is essential for management and company owners to anticipate potential bankruptcy. The formulations in this study include whether inflation affects predicting financial distress in companies in the Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation sectors listed on the IDX for the 2015-2020 period. And Whether the financial ratios (Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, Return on Equity, Price Book Value) affects predicting financial distress in Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation sector companies listed on the IDX the 2015-2020 period. This study uses a quantitative approach and the type of associative research, and the source data is secondary data with a sample of 10 companies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data processing in this study uses E-Views 9 with Panel Data Regression analysis techniques. This study can conclude that the variables of inflation, current ratio, price-book value, and total turnover significantly affect financial distress in the Infrastructure sector companies: utilities and Transportation. Meanwhile, the debt to equity ratio and return on equity variables did not substantially affect financial distress in the Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation sector companies in 2015-2020.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5858
The Effect of Benefits Offered and Customer Experience on Re-use Intention of Mobile Banking through Customer Satisfaction and Trust
Authors: Febrian Defni , Simanjuntak Megawati , Hasanah Nur
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes the effect of benefits offered and customer experience on the re-use of mobile banking through customer satisfaction and trust as mediating variables. This study involved 280 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling technique with predetermined criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed online. The analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL version 8.80. The results show that benefits offered and customer experience have a significant effect on satisfaction. Satisfaction has a significant impact on trust and re-use intention, and trust significantly affects re-use intention. The managerial implication that can be implemented in the company is to maintain deeper Islamic features and social, collaborate with fintech, Improved network quality, and capacity, and continue to innovate mobile banking features.
Ancient extinct life forms fossilized through volcanism in sedimented rivers and other plains of Mars
Authors:   Independent researcher
Published: August 2021

The use of rules laid in earlier articles of the author allows to isolate the remains of life forms on Mars. All of these life forms have perished in volcanic eruptions. Pyroclastic flows, mudslides and the lava fill-up of underwater caves are shown to have killed by surprise the animals. The violence of the event allows conservation of the remains, as the covering by tuf, lava, hot mud, allows the casting of rock molds. An early observation of a femur in 2014 was discarded as result of erosion. This finding comes together with a skull cast in stone. It is indeed a skull and a femur – this can be validated ex-post by crossing with the findings of the author in an earlier article and these new ones.
Formation of the quality of barley grain with modern technologies in the Volga region
Authors: Goryanin Oleg Ivanovich , Dzhangabaev Baurzhan Zhunuzovich , Pronovich Liliya Vladimirovna
Published: August 2021

The article presents studies in the six-field grain-fallow crop rotation (2011-2018) to determine the impact of various technologies on the quality of spring barley grain in the chernozem steppe of the Middle Volga region. During the years of research in 2011, 2014 and 2017, favorable conditions for the growth of cultural development were noted (SCC for May–July 0.64-1.33). In 2015 and 2018 – unfavorable (SCC 0.45-0.53), in the rest – conditions were close to normal. It is established that intensive technologies with minimal tillage, without reducing the yield of barley, in comparison with the traditional one, do not worsen the indicators of the nature and weight of 1000 seeds. The grain quality indicators were significantly influenced by the SCC of the growing season of the crop. Improving the moisture content of crops contributed to an increase in the nature of grain from 614.0-627.4 g / l to 641.2-655.6 g / l (2.4-6.5 %), the weight of 1000 seeds from 35.2-37.2 g to 42.1-44.2 g (14.2-23.0 %). The highest protein content was found in dry years – 12.2-13.8 %, which is 0.1-2.1% more than in wet years, while the combined use of intensification agents (fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides) on technologies with minimal tillage provided a greater degree of protein stabilization in different weather conditions in years. To increase the efficiency, yield and stabilization of grain quality at the level of the required indicators, a technology with minimal tillage, complex application of plant protection products against pests and weeds, and pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate N30 is proposed.
Economical efficiency of disinfestation of soil in trichocephalosis of sheep
Authors: Mamedova Matanat Magerram kyzy
Published: August 2021

For the first time in the soil-climatic condition of the west region of Azerbaijan economical efficiency disinfestation of soil in trichocephalosis of sheep is found out. The use of solution sodium hypochlorite as disinfestational preparation  in condition of bad trichocephalosis of sheep farm let it get more effective results using the least expenditure force and means. The efficiency of disinfestation is explained by high bioavailability of the preparation  and optimal concentration of acting substance. It was identified that economical disinfestation of soil with the use of sodium hypochlorite is 22,30 azn (1 azn= 0, 022 ruble).
Influence of the biologically active substances on the preservation, growth and cultivation of the ducklings at using the probiotic “Subtilis”
Authors: Polozyuk Olga Nikolaevna , Topilina Olga Olegovna
Published: August 2021

The authors proposed the use of the probiotic "Subtilis" to the ducklings of the experimental group, which allowed them to have a greater increase in body weight throughout the experiment compared to the analogues of the control group. The greatest increase in body weight was observed when weighing a poultry at the age of 36,44,50 days and during these periods it was on average higher by 106.5 g in the experimental groupcompared to the control group. Over the entire period of growing, the dynamics of the body weight of the experimental group of ducklings was higher by 3.7 % from the analogues of the control group. The average daily body weight gain of ducks was 6.1 g (9.2%) more in the period from 16 to 22 days of growing in the experimental group than in the control group. The preservation of the experimental poultry population in the period from 1 to 50 days of life increased by 7%, the growing time was reduced by 4 days.
A quick method for assessing the potential for energy savings in agricultural buildings
Authors: Biryukov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of assessing the potential of energy saving in agricultural buildings, including those intended for living, public, industrial, storage and special purposes. The method allows one to independently preliminarily assess the main problem areas without using expensive measuring equipment and involving third-party organizations. An example of a quick assessment of the energy saving potential and possible savings due to the quick elimination of shortcomings and a further reduction in utility bills or the cost of ensuring the functioning of a building is given.
Differentiation of yield and grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on agrotechnological techniques in the conditions of the Smolensk region
Authors: Romanova Iraida Nikolaevna , Nikitin Alexander Nikolaevich , Ptitsyna Natalia Vasilevna , Puzik Alexander Alexandrovich , Perepichai Marina Igorevna , Lyakina Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The research was aimed at studying the formation of the yield level, as well as the quality indicators of winter wheat grain, depending on the studied agricultural practices (the seeding rate, the dose of mineral fertilizers), as well as the suitability of grain for its further processing. The objects of research in the experiment were new varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection: Solnechnaya and Danaya. The highest yield was in the winter wheat varieties Danaya (5 million pieces/ha) and Solnechnaya (5.5 million pieces/ha) with fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers according to the scheme N30+60+30P90K90 kg/ha a.i. It was 6.17   and 5.68 t/ha, respectively. In terms of yield, the Danaya variety is higher than the Solnechnaya variety by 0.49 t / ha. Physico-chemical and technological indicators were the highest with fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30+60+20+10P90K90). Thus, in the winter wheat variety, the solar mass of 1000 grains increased by 4.60 g; nature-by 42 g/l; protein content-by 1.10%; vitreous-by 10%; gluten content - by 8.6%. The grain of the Danaya winter wheat variety was distinguished by physical and chemical parameters. The difference between the varieties was: 5.57 g; 71 g / l; 14%; 1.6%; 8.5%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizers with their fractional application at a dose of 120 kg / ha d. v. for both varieties increases not only the yield, but also the quality of grain suitable for food, baking and technological purposes.
Improvement of cultivation technology of spring did wheat in the steppe zone of the South-ern Urals
Authors: Skorokhodov Vitaly Yurievich
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the role of black and busy fallows in increasing the productivity of spring durum wheat and maintaining soil fertility in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The aim of the study was the effect of the systematic application of mineral fertilizers in crop rotations with various types of fallow on the productivity of spring durum wheat and the preservation of soil fertility. The article presents the average long-term data on the stocks of macronutrients in the soil during the sowing and harvesting of spring durum wheat, its productivity in black and soil-protective (occupied) fallows according to rotations of six-field crop rotations on two nutrition backgrounds. The drought indicator (DTC) of the months of the growing season was calculated on average for rotations of crop rotations, on the basis of which it can be seen that the most favorable period for field crops was in the first rotation (2003-2008). Cultivation of Sudanese grass in busy pairs is an effective soil-protective technique that allows you to increase the productivity of the link with durum wheat and crop rotation in general. The productivity of the link, on average, over 18 years of research, increases by 3.15 tons and 2.79 tons of feed units in comparison with the cultivation of durum wheat on black fallow.
Analytical justification of the automatic control system of the technological process of post-harvesting root and onion
Authors: Dorokhov Alexei Semenovich , Sibiriev Aleksey Viktorovich , Aksenov Alexander Gennadievich , Sazonov Nikolay Viktorovich
Published: August 2021

It is marked that the applied technical means of automation of machine-technological complexes for the production of agricultural products differ significantly from those conventionally taken as ideal, in this regard, it is necessary to develop requirements for the accuracy and reliability of the measuring information of the automatic control system of technical means of machine production of onions, carrots and beets, the implementation of which will allow reduce the initial level of uncertainty through the use of information extracted from observations of the controlled object in the course of its normal functioning.
Using multivariate statistical methods to estimate the model maize population
Authors: Gudova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Zaytsev Sergey  Aleksandrovich , Zhuzhukin Valeriy  Ivanovich , Kurasova Lyudmila Gennadievna , Lekarev Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

In order to objectively assess the degree of similarity of varieties and hybrids by a set of indicators and to interpret a large amount of data in breeding practice, methods of multidimensional statistics are used, including factor and cluster analyzes. The study included 42 maize hybrids (FAO 100-499) of the selection of various scientific institutions of Russia, which were assessed according to the following  characteristics: the length of the interphase stage  of seedlings - flowering of panicles and ears, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, number of grains per ear, crude protein and crude fat content. Factor analysis made it possible to calculate the correlation coefficients between the variables under consideration and to reveal high positive correlations between the interfacial stages of a panicle seedlings–flowering and seedlings–-flowering of ears (r = 0.99), plant height and ear attachment height (r = 0, 81), the length of the interphase periods and the ear height (r = 0.77). A significant correlation coefficient was determined between the traits, the length of the interphase periods, seedlings – flowering of panicles and ears with grain yield (r = 0.34 and 0.36, respectively), grain yield and number of grains per ear (r = 0.37). When calculating the weights of the variables for the components, it was found out that the largest contribution (variance 54.814%) to the first hypothetical factor was made by the following signs: interphase periods of panicle seedlings–flowering and of ear seedlings–flowering, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to group the studied hybrids at 32 iteration steps (Euclidean distance - 7.340) into 10 clusters with different breeding values. The hybrids that make up the clusters are characterized by a similar set of features within the clusters and significant differences between the clusters, confirmed by the method of unorganized repetitions of one-way ANOVA.
Estrogens and antiestrogens. Modern synthetic approaches to directed modification of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene steroids: goals, reactions, and methods
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuriy , Levina Inna , Zavarzin Igor
Published: August 2021

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used and promising methods for the synthesis of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives by modifying natural estrogens - estrone and estradiol. The main practical goals of modifying this class of steroids and achievements in the chemistry of steroidal antiestrogens, which are promising drugs for hormonal therapy, are considered. Special attention is paid to the stereochemical features of the reactions and the specific problems of modification of the steroid nucleus of estratrienes associated with the presence of an aromatic fragment in their structure. In addition, the data on the reactivity and stereochemical aspects of the transformations of 13-epiestratriene steroids were summarized. The monograph is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of organic synthesis, organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemistry.
THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF SOIL EROSION: MECHANISM, PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION AND PREDICTION
Authors: Demidov Valeriy , Makarov Oleg
Published: August 2021

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions, studying in the specialty of soil science, as well as specializing in erosion and soil protection. The textbook describes the physical basis and mechanism of erosion processes, based on some sections of hydraulics, hydrology, hydro-and aeromechanics, knowledge of which is necessary to understand the mechanism of water, wind and irrigation soil erosion. The main mathematical models and principles of forecasting the values of soil losses as a result of erosion processes are considered. The textbook will be useful not only for students and postgraduates studying in the specialty of soil science, but also for geographers, ecologists and a wide range of specialists interested in the problems of soil cover conservation and environmental protection.
Malignancy induced haemophagocytosis of leukaemic blasts by macrophages and transformation into a multinucleated giant cells
Authors: Prachi Prachi , Gaurav Sharma , Suparno Chakrabarti
Published: August 2021

Haemophagocytosis is a dysregulated immune condition characterised by both inflammation and uncontrolled activation of macrophages and T-cells, which causes aberrant cytokine release, leading to cytokine storm [1] it can be primary or secondary, depending upon the etiology.
Ansiedade social: gênero, orientação sexual e classe social
Authors: Ramos Mozer de Miranda , Rito Sophia Helena , Cerqueira-Santos Elder
Published: August 2021

A presença de desigualdades hierárquicas expõe minorias sociais a uma maior experimentação de estresse, sofrendo interferências em sua vida e saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o pertencimento a grupos minoritários e a presença de sintomas de ansiedade social. Participaram 1049 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 56 anos (M = 25,98; DP = 7,56), 59,8% homens. Os resultados indicaram que pertencer a algumas minorias sociais, como ser mulher, não-heterossexual ou dispor de menor renda é um preditor de ansiedade social. Em indivíduos não-heterossexuais, a presença de homofobia internalizada demonstrou ampliar a ocorrência de sintomas de TAS (Transtorno de Ansiedade Social). O estudo demonstrou que a experimentação do estresse social por grupos minoritários apresenta relação com desfechos negativos em saúde mental.
Analysis of the Literature of Financial Stress Index and Proposed Model for Pakistan.
Authors: YOUSFANI KINZA , KAZI ABDUL SUBHAN , SYED KARIM BUX SHAH
Published: August 2021

In the recent past, research in developed markets has aimed at developing various indices that can be applied to apprehend the impact that financial stress can have on a country’s economic activity. This article reviews the literature on financial stress and its impact on economic activities. It further presents a proposed methodology for constructing financial stress index and its implications for macroeconomic performance in relation to Pakistan. A review of the literature was conducted discussing (a) the formulation of the financial stress index and (b) its impact on the country’s economic activity indicators. The analysis of the literature made it possible to identify the current themes and remaining gaps in the literature on the financial stress index. It is concluded that FSI is beneficial for monitoring and evaluating the usefulness of government economic policies in crisis as well as normal times. Moreover, the index grabs the stresses in the form of financial stress, which is not only from various market sectors but also from their connection through a contagious effect internationally. Therefore, the paper concludes that the FSI could be established and used as an effective tool to measure and monitor financial stress level and its impact on various economic activity indicators in Pakistan. Keywords: Financial Stress Index, GDP, Industrial Production, Foreign Trade, PCA, Emerging Markets, Pakistan.
Difficulties in therapy of aerobic vaginitis and ways to overcome them
Authors: Kuznetsova I.V.
Published: August 2021

Pathological discharge from the genital tract and other signs of discomfort of the external genitalia are a common cause of a visit to the gynecologist. The cause of these disorders in most cases is vulvovaginal infection, accompanied (vaginitis) or not accompanied (vaginosis) by leukocyte reaction. Methods for treating vulvovaginal infection are predominantly local therapy or systemic agents with highly selective antimicrobial activity. Since a significant part of the vaginitis is of mixed polymicrobial origin, treatment should be complex, which determines the possibility of prescribing topical medicines containing several components of a wide spectrum of action. At the same time, the complexity of diagnosis and the time spent on it allow one to talk about the advisability of empirical therapy of vulvovaginitis, accompanied by severe clinical symptoms.
The status of fetal autonomic nervous regulation in women with «short cervix» syndrome
Authors: Lakhno I.V. , Korovai S.V.
Published: August 2021

The objective: was to investigate the coefficients of acceleration capacity (AC) and deceleration capacity (DC) in women with «short cervix» syndrome.Materials and methods. A total of 292 pregnant women were examined. They were divided into several groups according to the results of the study of cervical length and methods of prevention of premature birth. Group I included women with normal cervicometry data. In other groups there were women with a «short cevix». In group II, there were women who underwent cerclage. In group III – used a pessary; Group IV – prescribed intravaginal progesterone; V – used cerclage and pessary; and in VI – cerclage and progesterone vaginally.Results. The level of preterm births was 2.1%, 10.9%, 8.9%, 9.3%, 6.9% and 7.5% in women of groups I, II, III, IV, V and VI, respectively (p<0.05 by criterion χ2 compared with women with normal cervical length).The values of AC/DC at 26 weeks were low and did not differ by groups. Subsequently, the values of AC/DC in women with cervical shortening were equal to the control only in groups III and VI. The fact that women who received vaginal progesterone as monotherapy or additionally to cervical cerclage significantly reduced the relative risk of fetal distress is of great interest. Thus, the normalization of AC/DC in pregnant women with «short cervix» syndrome under the influence of progesterone reflected the development of nervous regulation, which contributed the reduction the level of fetal distress.Conclusions. In patients with «short cervix» syndrome, there was a decrease in the level of AC/DC, which reflected the deterioration of the processes of autonomic nervous regulation of fetal hemodynamics. This captured the increased level of fetal distress. The use of vaginal progesterone contributed to normalize AC/DC and reduce the relative risk of fetal distress.
Features of systemic and local immunity in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Krotik E.I.
Published: August 2021

The objective: to study the features of systemic and local immunity in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections.Materials and methods. We examined 100 patients, which were divided into groups: Group I (main) – 50 pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections, with a high risk of placental dysfunction of infectious origin; Group II (control) – 50 pregnant women without obstetric and somatic pathology, who became pregnant spontaneously and had vaginal delivery.In-depth immunological examination included: determination of absolute (×109/л) and relative (%) number of subpopulations of CD3+ lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), CD4+ (helpers-inductors), CD8+ (cytotoxic suppressors), CD56+ (natural killers), CD19 + (B-lymphocytes); determination of levels of IgG, IgM, IgA in serum and vaginal secretions; studied the content of a number of cytokines (interleukins – IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, INFγ) in serum and vaginal contents.Results. The results of studies indicate that in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), that formulate a group of high infectious risk, changes in systemic and local immunity, cytokine status are statistically prognostic. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-2, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and γ IFN in serum and vaginal contents can be used as prognostic criteria for complications before their clinical manifestations and clinical features of pregnancy. It was also detected that the percentage of СD56+-lymphocytes with properties of natural killers was greater in group of pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections than in the control group dynamically throughout pregnancy (12,3±1,7%, 15,1±1,7%, 13,9±1,73% against 8,6±1,4%, 8,1±1,18%, 7,2±0,98%; р<0,05). Studies also showed a significant increase in IgG levels in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections compared to the pregnant women in the control group (p <0,05).Conclusion. The study of systemic and local immunity, cytokine status in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections expands the possibilities of choice of rational, pathogenetic therapy, thereby reducing the incidence of early placental dysfunction of infectious origin, intrauterine infection, obstetric and perinatal complications in these patients.
Peculiarities of genital tract microbiocenosis and immunological homeostasis in reproductive-age women with uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Kornatska A.H. , Trokhymovych O.V. , Chubei G.V. , Flaksemberh M.A. , Stamboli L.V.
Published: August 2021

The objective: To determine the features of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract and immunological homeostasis and in women of reproductive age with uterine leiomyoma.Materials and methods. The microbiocenosis of the genital tract and immunological homeostasis of 308 women with uterine leiomyoma aged 23–49 years were studied. The control group included 30 healthy women aged 24–37 years. Results. In women of reproductive age, the development of uterine leiomyoma is associated with a significant violation of the microecology of the genitals, the presence of nonspecific vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis, increased frequency and concentration of pathogenic flora (staphylococci and streptococci with hemolytic properties, enterobacteria), STIs or reducing the concentration of protective microflora.The study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the immune system at the local level in the presence of uterine leiomyoma indicates unidirectional disorders in the state of local immunity and changes in the protective function of cervical mucus in the examined women. Thus, under conditions of uterine leiomyoma, there is a significant activation of local immunological factors, as evidenced by a significant increase in the concentration of IgG, IgA and the appearance of IgM in cervical mucus in 27,5–32,5 % of women with uterine leiomyoma. In addition, there was suppression of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, which was manifested by a significant decrease in activity and intensity of phagocytosis, with a decrease in their functional reserve by NRT test, which creates conditions for intracellular persistence of infection, activation and persistence of inflammatory progression.Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a violation of the microecology of the genitals and the intensity of immunogenesis in women with uterine leiomyoma, which indicates that the inflammatory process of the genitals is one of the significant factors that lead to the emergence and progression of uterine leiomyoma.
A Look at the Processes of Developing Math Activities: Pre-service Primary Teachers
Authors:   Mugla Sitki Kocman University (Turkey), Yorulmaz Alper , Çekirdekci Sıtkı ,   Sinop University (Turkey)
Published: August 2021

Activities, which are defined as activities that support students’ mathematical learning and increase their levels of mathematic learning, enable the individual to be active by mentally and physically engaging in an action, to establish a cause-effect relationship, and to satisfy his/her curiosity. In this respect, activities have an important effect on the attitude towards mathematics. For this reason, it was aimed to examine the math activity preparation processes of pre-school primary teachers in the current study. To this end, the study was designed in accordance with the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. In the analysis of the collected data, content analysis was employed. As a result of the study, it was found that the pre-service teachers prepared the activities themselves, they used books and the internet during the development process, and they prepared the activities for the introduction and ending sections of the lesson. In addition, it was observed that while preparing the activity, they considered its suitability for the level of the students and for the purpose of the lesson, they did not take into account individual differences while preparing the activities, and they made use of daily life examples in the activities. The pre-service teachers stated that they had difficulties in preparing activities suitable for the level of the students and stated that they did not consider themselves adequate in preparing activities. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on improving the skills of developing activities suitable for primary school mathematics lessons in teacher training faculties.