bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sociolinguistic View of the Mexican-American Speech Community: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Berk-Seligson Susan
Published: October 2022

Sociolinguistics, itself a relatively young field of scholarly endeavor, more and more has been reflecting an interest in Mexican Americans insofar as they, like blacks and American Indians, constitute a distinct linguistic-social group that is grappling with the problems common to poor ethnic minorities in the United States. This paper intends to survey the literature existing to date on the Chicano speech community as viewed from a sociocultural vantage point.
José Clemente Orozco (1883–1949): Formative Years in the Narrative Graphic Tradition
Authors: Bailey Joyce Waddell
Published: October 2022

Recent criticism of modern Mexican art has generally ascribed the expressionistic quality of Orozco's oeuvre to international stylistic influences such as German expressionism, postimpressionism and fauvism. These international stylistic affinities are equated with the universal or modern aspect of the mural movement in contrast to its local, Mexican, iconographic and stylistic aspect.
Latin American Studies and Bibliography in Poland
Authors: Urbanski Edmund Stephen
Published: October 2022

In the past, Iberian bibliography attracted only limited interest in Poland. In his extensive (33 vols.) Bibliografia Polska (1872–1939), Karol Estreicher included a good number of the Iberian titles that existed in Poland through the end of the nineteenth century; some useful cross-references may also be found in Gabriel Korbut's Literatura Polska (1929–31). Representative collections of old Spanish prints (already indexed), along with contemporary Polish translations of Iberian and Latin American works, are located at the National Library in Warsaw, and at the university libraries in Cracow and Warsaw.
Literacy in San Antonio, Texas, 1850–1860
Authors: Griswold del Castillo Richard
Published: October 2022

This research note is based on data collected from nineteenth-century manuscript census returns for San Antonio, Texas. It is part of a larger project to study the urban family history of four Southwestern towns: Los Angeles, California; Tucson, Arizona; Sante Fe, New Mexico; and San Antonio, Texas. Founded as Spanish pueblos, they were the largest Mexican settlements in the borderlands before the Anglo-American conquest, and they developed into important trading and commercial centers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, these towns have become important urban magnets for the Spanish-speaking people of the Southwest. Since World War II the barrios of Los Angeles and San Antonio have been especially influential in the cultural and political development of the Chicano movement, yet little is known about the early social history of these ethnic enclaves.
The Strategic Dependency of the Centers and the Economic Importance of the Latin American Periphery
Authors: Muñoz Heraldo
Published: October 2022

It has become rather common to say that the economic importance of Latin America for the United States has declined sharply, mainly owing to the fact that the region's relative position in the external trade of the United States has deteriorated progressively. While the figures do indeed reveal that the region now plays a lesser role in U.S. foreign commerce than it did some decades ago, it would be grossly misleading to assume that the overall economic importance of Latin America for the United States and other core powers also has declined. Economic relations between the Latin American periphery and the United States should not be analyzed merely in quantitative terms, on a bilateral basis, and only at certain points in time. It is necessary to shift attention to the structural level, to verify, for example, whether this decrease in the Latin American share of world trade necessarily implies a breakdown of the bonds that have existed historically between core and periphery economies.
The Contemporaries of Antônio Francisco Lisboa: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Hogan James E.
Published: October 2022

It is generally agreed that the artistic world of eighteenth-century Brazil was dominated by the sculptor/architect, Antônio Francisco Lisboa—“O Aleijadinho” (“the little cripple”)—who has been called one of the most important artists ever to develop in Latin America. The peculiar circumstances of his life, combined with his obvious artistic genius, have resulted in considerable scholarly interest and study. The annotated bibliography that brought Aleijadinho scholarship from 1940 through 1973, in combination with the earlier bibliographies of Martins and Smith-Wilder, provides a relatively complete chronicling of works dealing exclusively with A. F. Lisboa.
The Platt-Stein Controversy Over Dependency: Another View
Authors: Street James H.
Published: October 2022

The lively exchange in the Latin American Research Review between D. C. M. Platt and Stanley J. and Barbara H. Stein over dependency and autonomy in nineteenth-century Latin America raises a number of significant questions in the field of historical interpretation. It illustrates once more how difficult it is to support sweeping generalizations about so large and complex a region as Latin America, especially in a time period so filled with changes (in at least parts of the region) as the nineteenth century. The controversy over sources of action and their motivation, which characterizes dependency analysis, is unresolved. The argument is flavored with attributions of moral blame for events that may turn out, in a broader historical view, to have been highly fortuitous. The present comment is an attempt to insert and assess the force and direction of a vector usually passed by in the controversy. The case will be confined to Argentina, the country most often cited by Platt, and certainly the Latin American country most affected in its emerging pattern of economic development by marked shifts from Spanish to criollo to British influence over the century.
Governments as Publishers of Reference Materials: Mexico and Brazil, 1970–1980
Authors: Hartness-Kane Ann
Published: October 2022

Government agencies in many countries are prolific publishers of information in a surprising variety of fields, reflecting their myriad activities, their economic and political interests, and the needs and interests of their constituents. Reports of agencies, transcriptions of congressional hearings, and agricultural extension bulletins are well-known examples, but government agencies as sources of reference materials—publications in a format designed to be consulted for specific pieces of information, rather than to be read from start to finish—are often overlooked.
Latin American Studies in Japan
Authors: Mesa-Lago Carmelo
Published: October 2022

The study of Latin America in Japan prior to World War II was centered on the issue of migration, but as an area study field it is a product of Japan's economic expansion and relations with Latin America in the postwar period. After the war, a new wave of Japanese migration to Latin America was soon followed by the first government-sponsored team of social scientists who studied the living conditions of immigrants in Brazil. But the principal boost to the field was provided by the phenomenal economic growth experienced by Japan and the rapid development of trade, investment, and economic cooperation with Latin America. In 1958 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs took the initiative of establishing, with corporate support, the Latin American Society of Japan, whose main objectives were to gather and disseminate economic information on the region and to publish economic and business reports. As has been typical in other countries, economic ties were soon followed by an increase in university activity. In 1964, the first true area study program on Latin America was established at Sophia University; in the same year the first Japanese association of social scientists (mostly economists) working on Latin America was founded; and in the following year a Japanese association of Brazilian studies was organized. In 1967, the Research Institute for Brazilian Culture was organized at the Kyoto University of Foreign Studies, and the Institute of Developing Economies (which had begun its operations ten years previously as the Institute of Asian Economies) expanded its coverage to promote economic cooperation and trade with Latin America.
The 1980 Image-Index Survey of Latin American Political Democracy
Authors: Johnson Kenneth F.
Published: October 2022

Every five years a survey of this sort is attempted with the goal of reflecting the “democratic weathervane” of Latin American politics. Since Russell Fitzgibbon launched the experiment in 1945, regular attempts have been made to tap the minds of expert panelists in a reputational evaluation of which countries are the most and least democratic. Many Latin American nations claim that political democracy is their goal (my understanding of democracy in theory and practice is alluded to in the notes below), although they choose to reach it via contrasting routes. Blatant dictatorships often use the plebiscite as a means of demonstrating that they enjoy popular approval and acclaim, and single-party “democracies” regularly give the appearance of popular support via controlled elections. Latin Americans may feel that North Americans have an excess baggage of ego and ethnocentricity in pretending to evaluate democracy to the south according to our criteria; that is probably a just reaction. But the Latin Americans do boast constitutional structures and theoretic pronouncements patterned after ours. They have also accepted considerable North American assistance and financial largesse in the alleged quest for the democratic “good life.” And Latin American scholars frequently evaluate the status of political democracy in the so-called Anglo-American parliamentary states. Evaluating democracy is thus a two-way street, and the enterprise may yield mutual rewards and pitfalls.
The Cuban Communists in the Early Stages of the Cuban Revolution: Revolutionaries or Reformists?
Authors: Farber Samuel
Published: October 2022

Although the first Communist state in the Western Hemisphere was established in Cuba, scholars have paid relatively little attention to the old Cuban Communist party, which for many years was the only significant political organization on the island that claimed to speak in the name of Marxism. An analysis of the old Cuban Communist program, strategy, and tactics is significant for understanding social and political processes not only in Cuba, but elsewhere in the world. The growth of so-called Eurocommunism and the questioning of the revolutionary credentials of traditional Communist parties by others within the Left have led to voluminous polemics, but have failed to clarify the nature and role of traditional Communist parties throughout the world.
Latin American Studies in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Sidel Mark
Published: October 2022

While information regarding Latin American studies programs in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union is becoming widely available to North American scholars, Latin Americanists in the United States may be surprised to know that a small, but growing, number of scholars, teachers, and researchers are studying Latin America in the People's Republic of China. This report describes the state of Latin American studies in China, its principal universities, research centers, scholarly organizations, and periodicals devoted to research on Latin America, as well as the research topics that interest Chinese scholars and the professional problems confronting Latin American studies in China. The interviews and research were conducted, usually in Chinese, in Peking and Shanghai.
Studies of Colonization and Settlement
Authors: Smith T. Lynn
Published: October 2022

The recent burgeoning of interest in agrarian reform throughout Latin American countries (Schaedel, 1965; Smith, 1965) has been accompanied by unprecedented attention on the part of social scientists in Latin America and elsewhere in what is called colonization. This is largely because what often is designated as official colonization (or projects to establish on the land groups of families headed by the operators of small or medium-sized farms) is one of the major measures used in attempts to achieve agrarian reform, and also because what frequently is referred to as spontaneous colonization (or the process by which settlers established new farmsteads for themselves on portions of the public domain) is another. In this article attention is concentrated upon the books, monographs, and articles dealing with colonization and settlement, and particularly those that have been put into circulation during the last decade.
Maya Archaeology 1958-1968, A Review
Authors: Adams Richard E. W.
Published: October 2022

This paper is a survey of Maya archaeology of the last ten years. A brief historical examination of the years prior to 1958 is made. There follows an intensive look at fieldwork from 1958 to 1968. An examination is made of the state of the field with respect to research design and analytical techniques along with a consideration of data contributed by collateral fields. On the level of explanation and synthesis, there is an examination of the major problems of Maya culture-history to the solution of which recent research has contributed. The concluding sections summarize the characteristics of recent work and attempt to sketch the critical areas for future investigation. I may have unfairly slighted some investigations and workers because much recent work is still in unpublished form. I have depended not only on preliminary reports and the standard publication sources, but also to some degree on the “bush telegraph” of anthropology in assessing the field. Thus the following can only be regarded as one (albeit active) worker's perception of his own specialty.
Current Research and Prospects in Andean Ethnohistory
Authors: Murra John V.
Published: October 2022

In Recent Years Andean Ethnohistory Has Benefitted From Four new developments:

First, is the greater accessibility of the classical chronicles, particularly since the Biblioteca de Autores Españoles in Madrid decided in 1956 to reprint Bernabé Cobo'sHistoria del Nuevo Mundowhich had gone out of print decades before. The BAE has since reprinted at reasonable prices many other titles, among them the indispensableRelaciones geográficas de Indias.Anyone who had tried to study pre-European Andean institutions in the libraries at Cuzco, Cuenca or Sucre even ten years ago knows how difficult it was then to check any claim or hypothesis at the source. Students were forced to use third-hand and incomplete references; many others in the Andes were discouraged from pursuing such studies because of the unavailability of the eyewitness or other early accounts.
Activities of the Working Committee on Latin American Data Archives of the Latin American Social Science Council (CLACSO)
Authors: García-Bouza Jorge
Published: October 2022

On October 14, 1967, the Consejo Latinoamerican de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO), which includes about forty of the most important social science research institutions in Latin America, was constituted in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.

The regulations of the Council provide for the creation of Working Committees devoted to specific tasks in the common interest of member institutions and of social science research in Latin America. Among the first Working Committees to be created was one devoted to the creation, development and modernization of SocialScienceData Archives in the area.
Latin American Studies in British Universities: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Blakemore Harold
Published: October 2022

Approximately five years have now elapsed since the establishment of Latin American studies in British universities on an institutional basis and, since the next quinquennium begins in less than two years' time, in 1972, and universities in Britain are already preparing their plans for that period, this may be an appropriate moment for taking stock of developments to date, and for speculating about the future. But in order to appreciate the current situation, it would be useful to set the subject in its historical context and to consider first the state of Latin American studies in Britain before the establishment of Centres and Institutes, and the reasons why they came into being.
The Colonial Indian: Past and Future Research Perspectives
Authors: Spalding Karen
Published: October 2022

Historians who have sought to examine the native societies of the Americas, whether before or after the European conquest, have often felt a need to go beyond the traditional bounds of the discipline, loose as they are, in their efforts to comprehend the values and the actions of people whose societies did not conform to the European pattern. In the study of Indian societies, anthropology and history joined early and have continued to collaborate; the very term ethnohistory, which some would consider an unnecessary coining of a new name for social history, is clear evidence of this union. Further evidence, if such be necessary, is provided by the degree to which scholars have drawn upon the approaches and conclusions of both disciplines in their work. While this practice is of long standing, earlier work showed a general tendency to utilize the data and the conclusions of other disciplines, rather than drawing upon the theories and the approaches developed by others in order to reexamine one's own materials. This highly pragmatic approach to the potential contributions of other disciplines is increasingly giving way to deeper collaboration and interchange.
Effects of adultAscaris suumand their antigens (total and trans-cuticular excretory–secretory antigen, cuticular somatic antigen) on intestinal nutrient transportin vivo
Authors: Koehler Sarina , Springer Andrea , Issel Nicole , Klinger Stefanie , Wendt Michael , Breves Gerhard , Strube Christina
Published: October 2022

Ascaris suumconstitutes a major problem in commercial pig farming worldwide. Lower weight gains in infected pigs probably result from impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated intestinal nutrient transport in 4 groups of 6 pigs each, which were inoculated with 30 living adultA. suum, or antigen fractions consisting of (1) total excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of adult worms, (2) ES antigens secreted exclusively from the parasites' body surface (trans-cuticular ES) and (3) cuticular somatic antigens ofA. suum, compared to placebo-treated controls. Three days after inoculation into the gastrointestinal tract, glucose, alanine and glycyl-l-glutamine transport was measured in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum using Ussing chambers. Transcription of relevant genes [sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT2, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), peptide transporter 1 (PepT1)] and expression of transport proteins [SGLT1, phosphorylated SGLT1, GLUT2, Na+/K+-ATPase, amino acid transporter A (ASCT1), PepT1] were studied. Although no significant functional changes were noted after exposure to adultA. suum, a significant downregulation of jejunal GLUT1, STAT6, Hif1αand PepT1 transcription as well as ileal GLUT2 and PepT1 expression indicates a negative impact of infection on transport physiology. Therefore, the exposure period of 3 days may have been insufficient for functional alterations to become apparent. In contrast,A. suumantigens mainly induced an upregulation of transport processes and an increase in transcription of relevant genes in the duodenum and jejunum, possibly as a compensatory reaction after a transient downregulation. In the ileum, a consistent pattern of downregulation was observed in all inoculated groups, in line with the hypothesis of impaired nutrient transport.
What Characterizes the Productive Morphosyntax of Norwegian Children with Developmental Language Disorder?
Authors: HÅKANSSON Gisela , WILLIAMS Emily Wanda , KARLSEN Jannicke , TORKILDSEN Janne von Koss
Published: October 2022

Little is known about the productive morphosyntax of Norwegian children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The current study examined morphosyntax in Norwegian-speaking children with DLD (n=19) and a control group that was pairwise matched for age, gender, and intelligence quotient (IQ;n= 19). The children’s sentence repetitions were studied through the lens of Processability Theory. The group differences were largest for grammatical structures at the latest developmental stage of the processability hierarchy. The Norwegian subordinate clause word order, belonging to the latest stage of the processability hierarchy, stood out as particularly challenging for children with DLD. Only 2 children with DLD but 16 children in the control group produced a subordinate clause with subordinate clause word order. Categorization of children’s errors revealed that children with DLD made more errors of all types (addition, omission, substitution, inflection and word order) but especially errors of omission and inflection.
The prevalence of underweight and obesity in CHD. Response to body mass index and age are associated with ventricular end-diastolic pressure in adults with a Fontan circulation
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Andriana , Eleftherakis Nicholaos G. , Karanasios Evangelos
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

The aim of the study is to determine the impact of obesity in children with CHD which is severe enough to require invasive catheterisation.

Methodology:

This is a retrospective study in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory of a large paediatric hospital. The material consisted of 378 children from 2 to 19 years old who underwent heart catheterisation in the years 2011–2019. Their anthropometric data were collected, and the body mass index was calculated. The BMI centile was then calculated according to the Centers for Diseases Control (CDC). They were classified as overweight (85–95th centile), obese (> 95th centile), normal weight (5th–85 centile), and underweight (< 5th centile).

Results:

18.7% of children were underweight, 54.76% were normal weight, 11.64% were overweight, and 14.81% were obese. Overall, 26.45% of the children were overweight. Boys were more likely to have increased body weight than girls, but the difference was not statistically significant. The percentage of increased weight was similar in children with acyanotic CHD as well as heart disease from other causes. On the contrary, children with cyanotic heart disease were more likely to be younger and have a higher percentage of underweight children.

Conclusions:

The rates of obesity and overweight in children with CHD depend on the sex, age, and cardiopathy type. In addition, they agree with the findings that have been published in international series studies for children with CHD.
A new era in the diagnosis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Caroff Stanley N.
Published: October 2022

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a heterogeneous, hyperkinetic movement disorder induced by dopamine-receptor blocking agents that presents a unique challenge in the treatment of psychosis. Although acceptance of TD as a serious consequence of antipsychotic treatment was resisted initially, subsequent research by many investigators in psychopharmacology contributed to a rich store of knowledge on many aspects of the disorder. While basic neuroscience investigations continue to deepen our understanding of underlying motor circuitry, past trials of potential treatments of TD focusing on a range of theoretical targets were often inconclusive. Development of newer antipsychotics promised to reduce the risk of TD compared to older drugs, but their improved tolerability unexpectedly enabled an expanding market that paradoxically both increased the absolute number of patients at risk and diminished attention to TD which was relegated to legacy status. Fortunately, development and approval of novel vesicular monoamine transporter inhibitors offered evidence-based symptomatic treatment of TD for the first time and rekindled interest in the disorder. Despite recent progress, many questions remain for future research including the mechanisms underlying TD, genetic predisposition, phenomenological diversity, whether new cases are reversible, how to implement best practices to prevent and treat TD, and whether the development of novel antipsychotics free of the risk of TD is attainable. We owe our patients the aspirational goal of striving for zero prevalence of persistent symptoms of TD in anyone treated for psychosis.
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy combined with attentional bias modification training in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled multi-session experiment
Authors: Lin Zijiang , Zhang Jiaying , Wu Fenzan , Xu Kewei , Peng Meiliu , Wang Changlv , Yang Chuang , Yang Xinhua , Shen Xinhua , Wang Wei , Liu Yanlong , Chen Li
Published: October 2022

Background:

Although attentional bias modification training (ABM) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are two effective methods to decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), to date, no randomized controlled trials have yet evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention combining internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) and ABM for adults with GAD.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention combining ICBT and ABM for adults with GAD.

Method:

Sixty-three participants diagnosed with GAD were randomly assigned to the treatment group (ICBT with ABM; 31 participants) or the control group (ICBT with ABM placebo; 32 participants), and received 8 weeks of treatment and three evaluations. The CBT, ABM and ABM-placebo training were conducted via the internet. The evaluations were conducted at baseline, 8 weeks later, and 1 month later, respectively.

Results:

Both the treatment and control groups reported significantly reduced anxiety symptoms and attentional bias, with no clear superiority of either intervention. However, the treatment group showed a greater reduction in negative automatic thoughts than the control group after treatment and at 1-month follow-up (η2 = 0.123).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that although not differing in therapeutic efficacy, the intervention combining ICBT and ABM is superior to the intervention combining ICBT and ABM-placebo in the reduction of negative automatic thoughts. ABM may be a useful augmentation of ICBT on reducing anxiety symptoms.
Implementing the commitment solution via discretionary policy-making
Authors: Hahn Volker
Published: October 2022

This paper demonstrates that, in a large class of linear-quadratic models with rational expectations, losses due to time-inconsistency problems can be avoided, as the commitment solution can be implemented by a policy-maker who acts under discretion. We focus on two approaches. First, we show that a non-Markovian, reputational equilibrium that implements the commitment solution always exists. Second, we show how delegation to a policy-maker with an additional objective for the policy instrument can be used to implement the commitment solution via a standard discretionary Markov equilibrium. Implementation is facilitated by the fact that the commitment outcome can be attained irrespective of the weight that the policy-maker assigns to the additional target. Using the standard new Keynesian model as an example, we study the dynamics of the economy under optimal additional output targets as well as optimal interest-rate targets for central banks.
Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and micronutrient intake and diet quality in Iranian adults: a multicentric study
Authors: Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Hajihashemi Parisa , Mohammadifard Noushin , Najafi Farid , Farshidi Hossein , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Kazemi Tooba , Karimi Simin , Shirani Shahin , Solati Kamal , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To identify ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribution to daily energy and nutrient intake in Iranians and examine whether UPF intake is associated with nutrient profile and diet quality.

Design:

In this cross-sectional study, a validated FFQ was used to evaluate usual dietary intake over the preceding year. NOVA system was applied to categorise foods based on their levels of processing. Diet quality was evaluated using the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF) and hybrid nutrient density.

Setting:

The LIPOKAP study conducted in five cities of Iran (Isfahan, Birjand, Bandar Abbas, Kermanshah and Shahrekord).

Participants:

A total of 1994 adults aged ≥18 years were recruited using stratified multistage random cluster sampling method.

Results:

UPF were responsible for 8·5 % of daily energy intake. In the adjusted model, UPF consumption was inversely associated with carbohydrate, protein, refined and whole grains, fibre, fruit and meat, but was positively linked to energy, total fat, saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of UPF had smaller NAR for Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, phosphorus, thiamin, niacin, folate and vitamin C. Both NRF and hybrid nutrient density decreased when the share of daily energy intake from UPF increased.

Conclusion:

The higher consumption of UPF is associated with poorer diet quality and lower nutrient intake. It is recommended that UPF be replaced with minimally processed foods to improve diet quality and nutrient profile.
Unequal inequalities? How participatory inequalities affect democratic legitimacy
Authors: Christensen Henrik Serup , Huttunen Janette , Malmberg Fredrik , Silagadze Nanuli
Published: October 2022

Democratic theorists have long emphasized the importance of participatory equality, that is, that all citizens should have an equal right to participate. It is still unclear, however, whether ordinary citizens view this principle as central to democracy and how different violations of this principle affect subjective democratic legitimacy. The attitudes of citizens are imperative when it comes to the subjective legitimacy of democratic systems, and it is therefore important to examine how participatory inequalities affect these attitudes. We here contribute to this research agenda with survey experiments embedded in two surveys (n = 324, n = 840). We here examine (1) whether citizens consider participatory inequality to be an important democratic principle, and (2) how gender and educational inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and the perceived usefulness of the participatory input. The results show that citizens generally consider participatory inequalities to be important, but only gender inequalities affect subjective legitimacy and usefulness. Hence it is important to consider the type of inequality to understand the implications.
Dysregulated ceramides metabolism by fatty acid 2-hydroxylase exposes a metabolic vulnerability to target cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhou Xuantong , Huang Furong , Ma Gang , Wei Wenqing , Wu Nan , Liu Zhihua
Published: October 2022

Whereas it is appreciated that cancer cells rewire lipid metabolism to survive and propagate, the roles of lipid metabolism in metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a pulmonary metastasis model, we find that the enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), which catalyzes the hydroxylation of free fatty acids (FAs), is enriched in a subpopulation of ESCC cells with high metastatic potential, and that FA2H knockdown markedly mitigates metastatic lesions. Moreover, increased FA2H expression is positively associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC. Lipidomics analysis identifies that two dihydroceramides—Cer(d18:0/24:0) and Cer(d18:0/24:1)—are increased in FA2H-depleted metastasizing ESCC cells. Upon administration, Cer(d18:0/24:0) and Cer(d18:0/24:1) impair the formation of overt metastases in a mouse experimental metastasis model. Then, forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) and FA2H are found to be co-upregulated in metastatic ESCC cell populations and ESCC specimens, and FA2H expression is further experimentally verified to be transcriptionally induced by FOXC2, which is boosted per se by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), a critical pro-metastasis cytokine in the tumour microenvironment, in metastasizing cells. Together, these results demonstrate that TNFα-FOXC2-FA2H is a novel signaling axis to promote metastasis, and its downstream dihydroceramide products could be promising drugs to intervene in metastasis.
Direct synthesis of cyanate anion from dinitrogen catalysed by molybdenum complexes bearing pincer-type ligand
Authors: Itabashi Takayuki , Arashiba Kazuya , Egi Akihito , Tanaka Hiromasa , Sugiyama Keita , Suginome Shun , Kuriyama Shogo , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: October 2022

Dinitrogen is an abundant and promising material for valuable organonitrogen compounds containing carbon–nitrogen bonds. Direct synthetic methods for preparing organonitrogen compounds from dinitrogen as a starting reagent under mild reaction conditions give insight into the sustainable production of valuable organonitrogen compounds with reduced fossil fuel consumption. Here we report the catalytic reaction for the formation of cyanate anion (NCO−) from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions. A molybdenum–carbamate complex bearing a pyridine-based 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-pincer ligand is synthesized from the reaction of a molybdenum–nitride complex with phenyl chloroformate. The conversion between the molybdenum–carbamate complex and the molybdenum–nitride complex under ambient reaction conditions is achieved. The use of samarium diiodide (SmI2) as a reductant promotes the formation of NCO− from the molybdenum–carbamate complex as a key step. As a result, we demonstrate a synthetic cycle for NCO− from dinitrogen mediated by the molybdenum–PNP complexes in two steps. Based on this synthetic cycle, we achieve the catalytic synthesis of NCO− from dinitrogen under ambient reaction conditions.
On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering
Authors: Prehal Christian , von Mentlen Jean-Marc , Drvarič Talian Sara , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert , Amenitsch Heinz , Porcar Lionel , Freunberger Stefan A. , Wood Vanessa
Published: October 2022

The inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that reversibly convert molecular sulfur (S) into lithium sulfide (Li2S) via soluble polysulfides (PSs) formation impedes the development of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to track the nucleation, growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during real-time Li-S cell operation. In particular, stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantifying the nanoscale phase evolution during battery cycling. We show that next to nano-crystalline Li2S the deposit comprises solid short-chain PSs particles. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that initially, Li2S2 precipitates from the solution and then is partially converted via solid-state electroreduction to Li2S. We further demonstrate that mass transport, rather than electron transport through a thin passivating film, limits the discharge capacity and rate performance in Li-S cells.
Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain
Authors: Charlton Sophy , Brace Selina , Hajdinjak Mateja , Kearney Rebecca , Booth Thomas , Reade Hazel , Tripp Jennifer A. , Sayle Kerry L. , Grimm Sonja B. , Bello Silvia M. , Walker Elizabeth A. , Gilardet Alexandre , East Philip , Glocke Isabelle , Larson Greger , Higham Tom , Stringer Chris , Skoglund Pontus , Barnes Ian , Stevens Rhiannon E.
Published: October 2022

Genetic investigations of Upper Palaeolithic Europe have revealed a complex and transformative history of human population movements and ancestries, with evidence of several instances of genetic change across the European continent in the period following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Concurrent with these genetic shifts, the post-LGM period is characterized by a series of significant climatic changes, population expansions and cultural diversification. Britain lies at the extreme northwest corner of post-LGM expansion and its earliest Late Glacial human occupation remains unclear. Here we present genetic data from Palaeolithic human individuals in the United Kingdom and the oldest human DNA thus far obtained from Britain or Ireland. We determine that a Late Upper Palaeolithic individual from Gough's Cave probably traced all its ancestry to Magdalenian-associated individuals closely related to those from sites such as El Mirón Cave, Spain, and Troisième Caverne in Goyet, Belgium. However, an individual from Kendrick's Cave shows no evidence of having ancestry related to the Gough’s Cave individual. Instead, the Kendrick’s Cave individual traces its ancestry to groups who expanded across Europe during the Late Glacial and are represented at sites such as Villabruna, Italy. Furthermore, the individuals differ not only in their genetic ancestry profiles but also in their mortuary practices and their diets and ecologies, as evidenced through stable isotope analyses. This finding mirrors patterns of dual genetic ancestry and admixture previously detected in Iberia but may suggest a more drastic genetic turnover in northwestern Europe than in the southwest.
ROCK1/MLC2 inhibition induces decay of viral mRNA in BPXV infected cells
Authors: Kumar Ram , Chander Yogesh , Khandelwal Nitin , Verma Assim , Rawat Krishan Dutt , Shringi Brij N. , Pal Yash , Tripathi Bhupendra N. , Barua Sanjay , Kumar Naveen
Published: October 2022

Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) intracellular cell signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, polarity, and cytoskeletal remodeling. We observed the activation of ROCK1/myosin light chain (MLC2) signaling pathway in buffalopox virus (BPXV) infected Vero cells. ROCK1 depletion by siRNA and specific small molecule chemical inhibitors (Thiazovivin and Y27632) resulted in a reduced BPXV replication, as evidenced by reductions in viral mRNA/protein synthesis, genome copy numbers and progeny virus particles. Further, we demonstrated that ROCK1 inhibition promotes deadenylation of viral mRNA (mRNA decay), mediated via inhibiting interaction with PABP [(poly(A)-binding protein] and enhancing the expression of CCR4-NOT (a multi-protein complex that plays an important role in deadenylation of mRNA). In addition, ROCK1/MLC2 mediated cell contraction, and perinuclear accumulation of p-MLC2 was shown to positively correlate with viral mRNA/protein synthesis. Finally, it was demonstrated that the long-term sequential passage (P = 50) of BPXV in the presence of Thiazovivin does not select for any drug-resistant virus variants. In conclusion, ROCK1/MLC2 cell signaling pathway facilitates BPXV replication by preventing viral mRNA decay and that the inhibitors targeting this pathway may have novel therapeutic effects against buffalopox.
Artificial intelligence for online characterization of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses
Authors: Dingel Kristina , Otto Thorsten , Marder Lutz , Funke Lars , Held Arne , Savio Sara , Hans Andreas , Hartmann Gregor , Meier David , Viefhaus Jens , Sick Bernhard , Ehresmann Arno , Ilchen Markus , Helml Wolfram
Published: October 2022

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world’s brightest light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with a duration typically in the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena such as localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes has been, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time–energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence techniques, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics even at high-repetition-rate XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific accessibility in all related disciplines.
Changes in the spatial and temporal characteristics of China’s arid region in the background of ENSO
Authors: Qi Zhanshuo , Cui Chenfeng , Jiang Yutong , Chen Yue , Ju Juanli , Guo Ning
Published: October 2022

Arid regions are sensitive to changes in precipitation, while El Niño-Southern Oscillation strongly influences worldwide hydrometeorological processes. Temporal and spatial changes of characteristics including precipitation, annual mean temperature and area in China's arid region were analyzed, using daily precipitation and temperature data from 117 meteorological stations of 1961–2016. The results show that: (1) The arid region is getting warmer and wetter. During the past 56 years, the precipitation in the arid region have shown an increasing trend. The annual and quarterly precipitation all exist a cycle of about 4 years. There is a negative correlation between the area of the arid region and the annual mean temperature, which is significant at the 0.01 level. (2) The area of arid region has been on a downward trend since 1968, and there was a mutation in 1992. There are three main cycles of 24 years, 13 years and 5 years in the area of the arid region. During the study period, the spatial center of the arid region’s precipitation moved 0.14° to the north and 0.77° to the east. (3) The response of precipitation to ENSO is different between the eastern and the western arid region. El Niño events increased the area of China’s arid region in El Niño years and La Niña events increased the precipitation of China’s arid region in La Niña years. The response of China’s arid region to ENSO in the first half of the following year is opposite and the response in spring is the most significant. To sum up, in El Niño years the eastern arid region increased in area and precipitation, while in La Niña years the western arid region decreased in area and the eastern arid region increased in precipitation, which was related to the eastward movement of the spatial center of the precipitation.
Single sample preparation for the simultaneous extraction of drugs, pharmaceuticals, cannabinoids and endogenous steroids in hair
Authors: Scholz Clementine , Baumgartner Markus R. , Kraemer Thomas , Binz Tina M.
Published: October 2022

A combined sample preparation for the simultaneous extraction of drugs, pharmaceuticals, cannabinoids and endogenous steroids was developed based on three independent fully validated analytical methods.
Marine plankton exoskeletone-derived hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone composite 3D scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Baek Ji Won , Kim Ki Su , Park Ho , Kim Beom-Su
Published: October 2022

The PCL/OceanBone-HAp scaffold prepared by the solvent casting/particulate leaching method exhibited excellent bone regeneration effect because of its surface properties, osteoblast differentiation ability, and presence of trace elements.
Explosion in the preparation of nanoparticles: monodisperse Ag inserted in 3D graphene sheets for the electrochemical detection of H2O2
Authors: Bao Lin , Wu Yaxi , Liu Dan , Zhao Chunxin , Ning Xiaohui , Duan Qiuling , Li Yan , Zhang Wenyan
Published: October 2022

The production of silver nanoparticles, reduction of graphene oxide and the creation of 3D frameworks are accomplished synchronously. The produced Ag/3D rGO composites exhibit excellent properties for the electrochemical detection of H2O2.
CsAKT1 is a key gene for the CeO2 nanoparticle's improved cucumber salt tolerance: a validation from CRISPR-Cas9 lines
Authors: Peng Yuquan , Chen Linlin , Zhu Lan , Cui Lvjun , Yang Li , Wu Honghong , Bie Zhilong
Published: October 2022

CsAKT1 is a key gene involved in PNC improved cucumber salt tolerance.
Enhanced purification efficiency for pharmaceutical wastewater through a pollutant-mediated H2O2 activation pathway over CuZnS nano-aggregated particles
Authors: Sun Yingtao , Yi Ruixin , Hu Chun , Lyu Lai
Published: October 2022

A strategy is proposed to reduce energy consumption during wastewater treatment by utilizing pollutant-mediated H2O2 activation pathway over a novel Fenton-like catalyst CuZnS nano-aggregated particles prepared via in situ co-precipitation process.
Recent progress of crystal orientation engineering in halide perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Li Bo , Shen Ting , Yun Sining
Published: October 2022

Manipulating the crystal orientation plays a vital role in fine-tuning the facet-dependent properties of perovskite, this review presents the basic strategies and oriented growth mechanisms for the crystal orientation engineering in perovskite solar cells.
Synthesis and multi-scale properties of PuO2 nanoparticles: recent advances and open questions
Authors: Virot Matthieu , Dumas Thomas , Cot-Auriol Manon , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I.
Published: October 2022

The review focuses on the recent relevant progresses observed about PuO2 nanoparticle syntheses and characterizations including the recently deciphered electronic, structural and physico-chemical properties.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in two-dimensional magnetic tunnel junctions based on double transition metal MXene ScCr2C2F2
Authors: Cui Zhou , Zhang Yinggan , Xiong Rui , Wen Cuilian , Zhou Jian , Sa Baisheng , Sun Zhimei
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional double transition metal MXene ScCr2C2F2-based van der Waals magnetic tunnel junctionss with 2H-MoS2 layers as the tunnel barriers have been proposed to show the maximum tunnel magnetoresistance ratios of 6.95 × 106%.
Nano-structural stiffness measure for soft biomaterials of heterogeneous elasticity
Authors: Chen Shu-wen W. , Teulon Jean-Marie , Kaur Harinderbir , Godon Christian , Pellequer Jean-Luc
Published: October 2022

Trimechanic theory for the elastic response of material to an external stress is the very concept of composite nanomechanics underlying restoring mechanisms of the material in varied indentation depth.
Donor–acceptor organic nanostructure based on conjugated polymer for improving visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity towards degradation of dye in aqueous medium
Authors: Behere Ravi Prakash , Laxmi Raj , Gupta Neelam , Sharma Uttam , Das Santanu , Kuila Biplab Kumar
Published: October 2022

Hybrid donor–acceptor nanostructures based on P3HT with improved light harvesting properties were employed for organic dye degradation.
Steering Lu3N clusters in C76–78 cages: cluster configuration dominated by cage transformation
Authors: Yu Pengwei , Hu Shuaifeng , Tian Xinyue , Shen Wangqiang , Yu Pengyuan , Guo Kun , Xie Yunpeng , Bao Lipiao , Lu Xing
Published: October 2022

How cage transformation interacts with cluster configuration has been elucidated by three designed metallofullerenes, namely Lu3N@Cs(17 490)-C76, Lu3N@C2(22 010)-C78, and Lu3N@D3h(5)-C78, with an easy-to-compare cluster configuration and cage arrangement.
Fluorine-containing nano-objects with the same compositions but different segment distributions: synthesis, characterization and comparison
Authors: Chai Xingpeng , Zhou Peng , Xia Qi , Shi Boyang , Wang Guowei
Published: October 2022

PHOS-b-PPFS nano-objects and PPFS-b-PHOS nano-objects can be prepared by RAFT PISA and MISA processes, respectively. These nano-objects have the same compositions but different segment distributions and distinct hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties.