bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questões atuais sobre a vigilância sanitária das concentrações de flúor em alimentos
Authors: Bardal Priscila Ariede Petinuci , Olympio Kelly Polido Kaneshiro , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: March 2012

O estudo analisou os posicionamentos do poder público federal (Brasil), estadual (São Paulo), municipal (Bauru, São Paulo), de representantes da sociedade, do setor regulado e de associações brasileiras ligadas à pesquisa científica, sobre as questões do flúor em alimentos. A análise dos depoimentos (N = 15) foi realizada através de metodologia qualitativa (teoria do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo). Várias ideias centrais foram verificadas, tais como: necessidade de maior atuação da vigilância sanitária no monitoramento e controle das concentrações de flúor; ações educativas e necessidade de mais pesquisas na área. Concluiu-se que a abordagem da vigilância sanitária sobre as concentrações de flúor em alimentos é necessária, mas ainda incipiente. Há descompasso entre a produção científica e as ações da vigilância. A regulamentação não é suficiente, por si só, para resolver todas as questões do tema abordado. A comunicação do risco sanitário e as ações de educação em saúde precisam ser implementadas. As questões do flúor nos rótulos carecem de um maior amadurecimento para que a medida seja efetiva.
Agreement in Risk Prediction Between the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay (Oncotype DX®) and the PAM50 Breast Cancer Intrinsic Classifier™ in Early-Stage Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kelly Catherine M. , Bernard Philip S. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Wang Bailiang , Ebbert Mark T.W. , Bastien Roy R.L. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Young Elliana , Iwamoto Takayuki , Pusztai Lajos
Published: March 2012

Purpose.

To compare risk assignment by PAM50 Breast Cancer Intrinsic Classifier™ and Oncotype DX_Recurrence Score (RS) in the same population.

Methods.

RNA was extracted from 151 estrogen receptor (ER)+ stage I–II breast cancers and gene expression profiled using PAM50 “intrinsic” subtyping test.

Results.

One hundred eight cases had complete molecular information; 103 (95%) were classified as luminal A (n = 76) or luminal B (n = 27). Ninety-two percent (n = 98) had a low (n = 59) or intermediate (n = 39) RS. Among luminal A cancers, 70% had low (n = 53) and the remainder (n = 23) had an intermediate RS. Among luminal B cancers, nine were high (33%) and 13 were intermediate (48%) by the RS. Almost all cancers with a high RS were classified as luminal B (90%, n = 9). One high RS cancer was identified as basal-like and had low ER/ESR1 and low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in both assays. The majority of low RS cases were luminal A (83%, n = 53). Importantly, half of the intermediate RS cancers were re-categorized as low risk luminal A subtype by PAM50.

Conclusion.

There is good agreement between the two assays for high (i.e., luminal B or RS > 31) and low (i.e., luminal B or RS < 18) prognostic risk assignment but PAM50 assigns more patients to the low risk category. About half of the intermediate RS group was reclassified as luminal A by PAM50.
Ecosystem greenspots: identifying potential drought, fire, and climate‐change micro‐refuges
Authors: Mackey Brendan , Berry Sandra , Hugh Sonia , Ferrier Simon , Harwood Thomas D. , Williams Kristen J.
Published: March 2012

In response to climate change and other threatening processes there is renewed interest in the role of refugia and refuges. In bioregions that experience drought and fire, micro‐refuges can play a vital role in ensuring the persistence of species. We develop and apply an approach to identifying potential micro‐refuges based on a time series of remotely sensed vegetation greenness (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the sunlit canopy; fPAR). The primary data for this analysis were NASA MODIS 16‐day L3 Global 250 m (MOD13Q1) satellite imagery. This method draws upon relevant ecological theory (source–sink habitats, habitat templet) to calculate a micro‐refuge index, which is analyzed for each of the major vegetation ecosystems in the case‐study region (the Great Eastern Ranges of New South Wales, Australia). Potential ecosystem greenspots were identified, at a range of thresholds, based on an index derived from: the mean and coefficient of variance (COV) of fPAR over the 10‐year time series; the minimum mean annual fPAR; and the COV of the 12 values of mean monthly fPAR. These greenspots were mapped and compared with (1) an index of vascular plant species composition, (2) environmental variables, and (3) protected areas. Potential micro‐refuges were found within all vegetation ecosystem types. The total area of ecosystem greenspots within the upper 25% threshold was 48 406 ha; around 0.2% of the total area of native vegetation (23.9 × 106 ha) in the study region. The total area affected by fire was 3.4 × 106 ha. The results of the environmental diagnostic analysis suggest deterministic controls on the geographical distribution of potential micro‐refuges that may continue to function under climate change. The approach is relevant to other regions of the world where the role of micro‐refuges in the persistence of species is recognized, including across the world's arid zones and, in particular, for the Australian, southern African, and South American continents. Micro‐refuge networks may play an important role in maintaining beta‐diversity at the bio‐region scale and contribute to the stability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of ecosystems in the face of ever‐growing pressures from human‐forced climate change, land use, and other threatening processes.
Quality of Life of People With HIV/AIDS Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Cuba: A Cross-Sectional Study of the National Population
Authors: Aragonés-López Carlos , Pérez-Ávila Jorge , Smith Fawzi Mary C. , Castro Arachu
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We studied the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the quality of life (QOL) of Cubans with HIV/AIDS.

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study including administration of the Medical Outcomes Study–HIV Health Survey Questionnaire to a representative sample of the 1592 Cubans receiving ART in 2004. For univariate analyses, we compared mean HIV scale scores. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between role function and year of diagnosis, between pain and sex, and between health transition and region of diagnosis, with adjustment for demographics, ART regimen, and clinical status.

Results. There were 354 participants (73 women, 281 men). Scores for all functional activities showed means higher than 80 out of 100. Pain interfered more in women than in men (73.2 vs 81.9; P = .01). When HIV diagnosis occurred after 2001, the probability of experiencing difficulties performing work (odds ratio [OR] = 4.42; 95% CI = 1.83, 10.73) and pain (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.88) increased compared with earlier diagnosis. People treated with indinavir showed a greater perception of general health (58.9 vs 52.4; P = .045) and greater health improvement (78.6 vs 67.8; P = .002).

Conclusions. Although Cubans receiving ART are maintaining a high QOL, we observed significant differences by sex and time of diagnosis. QOL assessment can serve as a health outcome and may allow identification of QOL reductions potentially related to ART side effects.
The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care
Authors: Cooper Lisa A. , Roter Debra L. , Carson Kathryn A. , Beach Mary Catherine , Sabin Janice A. , Greenwald Anthony G. , Inui Thomas S.
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We examined the associations of clinicians’ implicit attitudes about race with visit communication and patient ratings of care.

Methods. In a cross-sectional study of 40 primary care clinicians and 269 patients in urban community-based practices, we measured clinicians’ implicit general race bias and race and compliance stereotyping with 2 implicit association tests and related them to audiotape measures of visit communication and patient ratings.

Results. Among Black patients, general race bias was associated with more clinician verbal dominance, lower patient positive affect, and poorer ratings of interpersonal care; race and compliance stereotyping was associated with longer visits, slower speech, less patient centeredness, and poorer ratings of interpersonal care. Among White patients, bias was associated with more verbal dominance and better ratings of interpersonal care; race and compliance stereotyping was associated with less verbal dominance, shorter visits, faster speech, more patient centeredness, higher clinician positive affect, and lower ratings of some aspects of interpersonal care.

Conclusions. Clinician implicit race bias and race and compliance stereotyping are associated with markers of poor visit communication and poor ratings of care, particularly among Black patients.
Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Increases in Adolescent Substance Use: Gender Differences and Mediational Pathways
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Kogan Steven M. , Chen Yi-fu
Published: March 2012

Objectives. This study was designed to test hypotheses about the prospective association of adolescents’ perceptions of discrimination with increases in substance use and the processes that mediate this association.

Methods. African American youths residing in rural Georgia (n = 573; mean age = 16.0 years) provided longitudinal data on their experiences with discrimination, substance use, school engagement, and affiliations with substance-using peers.

Results. For male youths, perceived discrimination was significantly related to increases in substance use, and, as hypothesized, this association was mediated by the contributions of perceived discrimination to decreases in school engagement and increases in affiliations with substance-using peers. Analyses also indicated that discrimination influences substance use rather than vice versa.

Conclusions. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that high levels of discrimination are linked to increases in substance use for African American male adolescents.
How the Continuity of Care Document Can Advance Medical Research and Public Health
Authors: D’Amore John D. , Sittig Dean F. , Ness Roberta B.
Published: March 2012

Electronic health records in the United States currently isolate digital information in proprietary, institutional databases. Experts have identified inadequate data exchange as a leading challenge to advancements in care quality and efficiency.

Recent federal health information technology incentives adopt an extensible standard, called the Continuity of Care Document (CCD), as a new basis for digital interoperability. Although this instrument was designed for individual provider communications, the CCD can be effectively reused for population-based research and public health.

Three examples in this commentary demonstrate the potential of CCD aggregation and highlight required changes to existing public health and research practices. Transitioning to the use of this new interoperability standard should be a priority for public health investment, research, and development.
Health Disparities Among Children With Cleft
Authors: Broder Hillary L. , Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Sischo Lacey
Published: March 2012

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a multidimensional construct that measures well-being associated with the teeth, mouth, and face. This cross-sectional study examined OHRQoL, demographic data, and clinical indicators in 839 treatment-seeking youths with cleft from 6 geographically diverse cleft treatment centers. Individuals without health insurance and representing ethnic minorities had lower OHRQoL scores on the Child Oral Health Impact Profile and a higher rate of surgical recommendations. These findings imply a risk factor for reduced OHRQoL and unmet needs among vulnerable youths with clefts.
Perceived Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Current Smoking Status: Results From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Reactions to Race Module, 2004–2008
Authors: Purnell Jason Q. , Peppone Luke J. , Alcaraz Kassandra , McQueen Amy , Guido Joseph J. , Carroll Jennifer K. , Shacham Enbal , Morrow Gary R.
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We examined the association between perceived discrimination and smoking status and whether psychological distress mediated this relationship in a large, multiethnic sample.

Methods. We used 2004 through 2008 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Reactions to Race module to conduct multivariate logistic regression analyses and tests of mediation examining associations between perceived discrimination in health care and workplace settings, psychological distress, and current smoking status.

Results. Regardless of race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination was associated with increased odds of current smoking. Psychological distress was also a significant mediator of the discrimination–smoking association.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that individuals who report discriminatory treatment in multiple domains may be more likely to smoke, in part, because of the psychological distress associated with such treatment.
Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Cell Differentiation in Trypanosomatids
Authors: H. Lopes Angela , T. Gomes Marta , L. Dutra Fernando , B. Vermelho Alane , R. Meyer-Fernandes José , C. Silva-Neto Mário A. , Souto-Padrón Thaïs , P. Vieira Danielle
Published: March 2012

Knowledge of cell signaling pathways in trypanosomatids is crucial for the future design of new drugs to treat
diseases caused by these parasites. The publication of the complete genome sequences of three pathogenic trypanosomatids,
Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania major, revealed numerous protein members of signaling pathways that
modulate important processes, such as cell differentiation. Even so, little is known about the role that these proteins play
in the physiology of trypanosomatids. This review aims to stimulate discussion on this subject to encourage further studies
of the signaling pathways involved in the cell differentiation of trypanosomatids.
Functional Genomics and Insights into Trypanosoma cruziGene Expression Regulation
Authors: Rodrigues Ávila Andréa , Goldenberg Samuel
Published: March 2012

: The regulation of gene expression in trypanosomatids is predominantly post-transcriptional. Polycistronic transcripts
are processed by the addition of a common 5’-spliced leader and polyadenylation. However, the processed mRNAs
are not necessarily functionally related, suggesting the existence of mechanisms for the degradation or storage of untranslatable
mRNAs. Determination of the TriTryps (Leishmania major, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi) genome
sequences has allowed the identification of genes encoding potential regulatory proteins. This review discusses some of
the mechanisms and regulatory elements involved in cytoplasmic gene expression regulation in Trypanosoma cruzi. We
also discuss how functional genomic tools have contributed toward determining the role played by RNA binding protein
complexes, supporting the concept of “post-transcriptional RNA operons” or “RNA regulons”. This suggests the existence
of interconnected regulatory networks in the parasite, in which RNA granules act as protagonists in cytoplasmic mRNA
metabolism.
Multiple myeloma preparative regimens for high-dose therapy and autologous transplantation: what’s new?
Authors: Aljitawi Omar S , McGuirk Joseph P
Published: March 2012

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation remains a standard procedure in relatively young and selected older patients with multiple myeloma. High-dose melphalan has remained the chemotherapeutic agent of choice based on earlier prospective randomized trials. Despite investigations involving different combinations of chemotherapeutics, radiation and novel agents with and without melphalan, none of these alternative preparative regimens have demonstrated superiority to high-dose melphalan used as a single agent in multiple published studies. In this article, we review the published literature regarding preparative regimens used in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.
Integrating scientific and real-world evidence within and beyond the drug development process
Authors: Epstein Robert S , Sidorov Jaan , Lehner Jean-Pierre , Salimi Tehseen
Published: March 2012

Newly developed healthcare treatments face a complex environment with many stakeholders who can accelerate or decelerate adoption, most notably the healthcare system payers. Understanding and integrating their needs earlier in clinical development will ensure a smoother transition from bench to bedside. This paper describes a new approach to shaping a more effective complementary process of ‘value’ evidence generation both in and outside the clinical drug development process. We propose that biopharmaceutical companies consider bringing new solutions to market by marshaling cross-functional approaches to what we term an evidence-definition phase, evidence-generation phase and evidence-translation phase to drug and technology research and development. The organization of ongoing discovery, evaluation and translation with a ‘real- world’ perspective should provide a more streamlined approach to ensure both regulatory and eventual marketplace success.
Role of practice-based research networks in comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Hartung Daniel M , Guise Jeanne-Marie , Fagnan Lyle J , Davis Melinda M , Stange Kurt C
Published: March 2012

Comparative effectiveness research fundamentally reorients how clinical evidence is generated and used with the goal of providing actionable information to decision-makers. To achieve this, it is vital that decision-makers and the research enterprise are engaged from research inception, to evidence generation and translation. Practice-based research networks are affiliated clinicians in diverse communities with the goal of conducting research to improve care. Practice-based research networks have the potential to advance all phases of the comparative effectiveness research cycle. The aim of this paper is to explore current and potential roles of practice-based research networks in conducting comparative effectiveness research.
The relationship between intellectual capital quality and corporate performance: An empirical study of Russian and European companies
Authors: Shakina Elena , Barajas Angel
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this research is to develop cost-effectiveness tools for the
analysis of company?s intellectual resources, in terms of resource-based and
value-based approaches. Our study focuses on the evaluation of intellectual
capital methods to discover the drivers of company growth. We suppose that
the potential effectiveness of intellectual capital resources varies
according to different institutional factors. Several statistical methods
will be used for the empirical issues in this research, including common
cross-sectional and panel data analysis, and the instrumental variables
method. The database collected for this purpose will consist of financial and
economic indicators underlying the intellectual capital evaluation, such as
strategic performance indicators (EVA? and FGV?). The dataset includes
companies from different countries and industries according to the Knowledge
Economy Index of the World Bank. The industries presented in the dataset are
selected according to the predominance of several intellectual capital
elements. The database includes financial services, wholesale and retail
trade, machinery and equipment manufacture, the chemical industry, and
transport and communications. As a result of the empirical research, we
expect to answer the following questions: ? Is there a close relationship
between intellectual capital quality and company performance? ? What are the
external and internal factors affecting this relationship? (country,
industry, company size, market dynamics, etc.)
Calorie Restriction Reduces the Influence of Glucoregulatory Dysfunction on Regional Brain Volume in Aged Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Willette Auriel A. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Colman Ricki J. , Kastman Erik K. , Field Aaron S. , Alexander Andrew L. , Sridharan Aadhavi , Allison David B. , Anderson Rozalyn , Voytko Mary-Lou , Kemnitz Joseph W. , Weindruch Richard H. , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: March 2012

Insulin signaling dysregulation is related to neural atrophy in hippocampus and other areas affected by neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known if long-term calorie restriction (CR) can ameliorate this relationship through improved insulin signaling or if such an effect might influence task learning and performance. To model this hypothesis, magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 27 CR and 17 control rhesus monkeys aged 19–31 years from a longitudinal study. Voxel-based regression analyses were used to associate insulin sensitivity with brain volume and microstructure cross-sectionally. Monkey motor assessment panel (mMAP) performance was used as a measure of task performance. CR improved glucoregulation parameters and related indices. Higher insulin sensitivity predicted more gray matter in parietal and frontal cortices across groups. An insulin sensitivity × dietary condition interaction indicated that CR animals had more gray matter in hippocampus and other areas per unit increase relative to controls, suggesting a beneficial effect. Finally, bilateral hippocampal volume adjusted by insulin sensitivity, but not volume itself, was significantly associated with mMAP learning and performance. These results suggest that CR improves glucose regulation and may positively influence specific brain regions and at least motor task performance. Additional studies are warranted to validate these relationships.
Value of Nucleolar Organizer Regions count in cervical pathology
Authors: KC Shiva Raj , Talwar OP
Published: March 2012

Background: ‘AgNOR’ represents Nucleolar Organiser Regions stained with silver which are related to cell proliferation rate and tumor malignant potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of AgNOR in differentiating benign and precancerous lesions from cancerous lesions in both cervical smears and histology. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, from July 2005 to June 2007. Women of suspected cervical pathology and who underwent pap smears test followed by subsequent biopsy were included. There were 53 cases were included out of which 11 cases were of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 12 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 10 cases each of carcinoma, chronic cervicitis with and without squamous metaplasia. Results: In Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion meanAgNOR dots was < (2.9 in pap smears and 1.9 in histology) in high grade lesion (3.45 in pap smears and 3.00 in histology). In carcinoma meanAgNOR dots was 5.18 and 4.05 in pap smears and histology respectively. Subjective AgNOR Pattern Assessment in pap smears and in histology was increasing with significant difference from intraepithelial lesions to carcinoma. Conclusion: In cervical pathology, the number and shape of AgNOR dots change from benign to precancerous to malignant tumors. Similarly, AgNOR Pattern Assessment is useful in differentiating benign to intraepithelial lesions to carcinoma cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6017 JPN 2012; 2(3): 180-185
VNTR molecular typing of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates in Kathmandu valley
Authors: Acharya B , Aryal G , Banjade N , Sharma S , Pokharel BM , Gotoh A
Published: March 2012

Background: Typhoid fever continues to be a worldwide health problem, especially in developing countries. Effective epidemiological surveillance is needed to monitor the presence and spread of disease. Materials and Methods: Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) was performed for Salmonella enterica serovar typhi by multiplex-PCR in 28 Nepalese isolates of sporadic typhoid fever. Results: From all 28 total isolates, we could identify 12 VNTR profiles among the isolates, signifying multiple variants in circulation within the region. Conclusion: The VNTR-based typing assay for serovar typhi isolates can be used during an outbreak of enteric fever. The typing could eventually form the basis of an effective epidemiological surveillance system for developing rational strategies to control typhoid fever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6026 JPN 2012; 2(3): 220-223
Histopathological changes in gallbladder mucosa associated with cholelithiasis
Authors: Baidya R , Sigdel B , Baidya NL
Published: March 2012

Background: Gallstone is a very common gastrointestinal disorder. It is known to produce histopathological changes in the gallbladder. It is also one of the predisposing factors for the development of cancer of gallbladder. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Histopathology, B and B Hospital during a period of 1 year from April 2010 to May 2011. The study included 396 cases of cholecystectomy specimens. Results: On gross examination, outer gallbladder surface was congested in 116 patients (28%), wall thickness was increased in 181 (45.7%) and mucosal abnormalities were present in 126 (31.6%) patients. At microscopy, epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 183 (46.2%), intestinal metaplasia in 112 (28.2%), dysplasia in 5 (1.3%) and cholesterolosis in 56 (14%) patients. Conclusion: The pathological changes of the gallbladder epithelium may play an important role in the process of gallstone formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6027 JPN 2012; 2(3): 224-225
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease
Authors: Adhikari RC
Published: March 2012

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a benign, self limited condition with higher prevalence among Japanese and other Asiatic people. Though the cause of this disease remains unclear, viral cause has been suggested. It is clinically characterized by lymphadenopathy, fever, cutaneous erythema, diarrhea, vomiting, sore throat, arthralgia, myalgia and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings are non-specific and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is generally diagnosed based on characteristic histopathological findings. Affected lymph nodes demonstrate paracortical areas of apoptotic necrosis with abundant karyorrhectic debris, proliferation of histiocytes, plasmacytoid monocytes, small and transformed lymphocytes in the absence of neutrophils. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is thought to have three evolving phases: proliferative, necrotizing and xanthomatous. Fine needle aspiration smears from involved lymph nodes reveal characteristic intra- and extracellular apoptotic nuclear debris with admixed crescentic macrophages on a reactive lymphoid background. Differential diagnoses of this disease are lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, myeloid tumor and even metastatic adenocarcinoma. Treatment is symptomatic and spontaneous recovery occurs in 1 to 4 months. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6028 JPN 2012; 2(3): 226-230
Tropical sprue: case report with review of literature
Authors: Robinson W , Bhattacharya B
Published: March 2012

Tropical sprue is an important cause of malabsorption in adults and in children in South Asia. Investigations to exclude specific infective, immunological or inflammatory causes are important before considering tropical sprue as a diagnosis. Malabsorption disorders of the small intestine can be a source of great debilitation to the patient, and a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist. This article presents clinicopathological findings of a non coeliac tropical sprue in a 66–year-old male and discusses the histological and clinical information that can help differentiate coeliac from non coeliac sprue. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6030 JPN 2012; 2(3): 241-244
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in ovarian mature cystic teratoma: report of three cases
Authors: Bashyal R , Lee MC
Published: March 2012

Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is rare. A wide variety of malignant tumors may arise within benign mature cystic teratoma. The most common form of malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma. We report a series of three cases that developed squamous cell carcinoma in a benign ovarian cystic teratoma. Two of the carcinomas occurred in postmenopausal women: 51-year-old (case # 2) and 60 year-old (case # 3). The first case occurred in a 33-year-old woman. Histologically, all three cases were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and were confined to the ovaries. The aim of this study was to review our experience with this disease and to review the literature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6032 JPN 2012; 2(3): 248-250
Clarissa Harlowe's “Ode to Wisdom”: Composition, Publishing History, and the Semiotics of Printed Music
Authors: McGeary Thomas
Published: March 2012

This article re-examines the “Ode to Wisdom” in Samuel Richardson's Clarissa. The ode's last three stanzas were set to music by Clarissa Harlowe and included in the novel as a fold-out plate of engraved music. I reconstruct the ode's printing history, comment on its composer and musical style, and offer corrections to some claims found in earlier critical discussions. I also note some previously unobserved bibliographic and textual problems in the text of the ode and the musical plate.
Sarah Scott's “Attick School”: Moral Philosophy, Ethical Agency, and Millenium Hall
Authors: Weiss Deborah
Published: March 2012

At a time in which claims about the morality of feeling were becoming increasingly popular, Sarah Scott offered readers of Millenium Hall both a critique of, and an alternative to, moral feeling philosophy. As articulated by such figures as Adam Smith, moral feeling philosophy relied heavily on ideas about the impartial spectator's response to phenomena, particularly on the spectator's feelings of sympathy for the suffering of others. In her critique, Scott highlights the dangers of a system that collapses the distance between thinking and feeling and that encourages both egotism and passivity in the face of suffering. Using the formal resources of the novel, Scott re-establishes inter- and intrapersonal distances necessary for moral judgment. Most importantly, she uses the organization of the novel and the reactions of characters to show that the separation of rational response from emotional reaction is productive of ethical action. In this way, she makes Millenium Hall into a school for the moral education of readers.
Rewriting Radicalism: Wollstonecraft in Burney's The Wanderer
Authors: Wallace Tara Ghoshal
Published: March 2012

This article reconsiders the connection between Mary Wollstonecraft's Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman and Frances Burney's The Wanderer, arguing that reading the two texts in tandem reveals close affinities as well as strategic (as opposed to ideological) differences. While The Wanderer rather crudely parodies Wollstonecraft's revolutionary fervour in the character of Elinor Joddrel, it also thematizes and advances, in subterranean ways, the specific feminist agenda proposed in Wollstonecraft's posthumous novel. The anti-heroine embodies Wollstonecraft's scandalous life and opinions, and the social critique articulated in her novel weaves through the heroine's trajectory, replicated and revised so that the wrongs inflicted upon the problematic Maria re-emerge as the difficulties endured by the estimable Juliet. Fracturing Wollstonecraft into historical persona and text, The Wanderer enacts a strategy of domesticating and assimilating into genteel society the progressive ideology of this difficult and polarizing icon of revolutionary romanticism. Locating Juliet's travails within the historical context of the French Revolution, Burney's depiction of a woman almost literally “Bastilled” by marriage aims to demonstrate that oppressive patriarchal practices contravene an English sense of justice.
Integrated Thermal and Microcoriolis Flow Sensing System with a Dynamic Flow Range of More Than Five Decades
Authors: Lötters Joost C. , Lammerink Theo S.J. , Groenesteijn Jarno , Haneveld Jeroen , Wiegerink Remco J.
Published: March 2012

We have realized a micromachined single chip flow sensing system with an ultra-wide dynamic flow range of more than five decades, from 100 nL/h up to more than 10 mL/h. The system comprises both a thermal and a micro Coriolis flow sensor with partially overlapping flow ranges.
On the Statistical Errors of RADAR Location Sensor Networks with Built-In Wi-Fi Gaussian Linear Fingerprints
Authors: Zhou Mu , Xu Yu Bin , Ma Lin , Tian Shuo
Published: March 2012

The expected errors of RADAR sensor networks with linear probabilistic location fingerprints inside buildings with varying Wi-Fi Gaussian strength are discussed. As far as we know, the statistical errors of equal and unequal-weighted RADAR networks have been suggested as a better way to evaluate the behavior of different system parameters and the deployment of reference points (RPs). However, up to now, there is still not enough related work on the relations between the statistical errors, system parameters, number and interval of the RPs, let alone calculating the correlated analytical expressions of concern. Therefore, in response to this compelling problem, under a simple linear distribution model, much attention will be paid to the mathematical relations of the linear expected errors, number of neighbors, number and interval of RPs, parameters in logarithmic attenuation model and variations of radio signal strength (RSS) at the test point (TP) with the purpose of constructing more practical and reliable RADAR location sensor networks (RLSNs) and also guaranteeing the accuracy requirements for the location based services in future ubiquitous context-awareness environments. Moreover, the numerical results and some real experimental evaluations of the error theories addressed in this paper will also be presented for our future extended analysis.
Clinical Features of Late-onset Ankylosing Spondylitis: Comparison with Early-onset Disease
Authors: MONTILLA CARLOS , DEL PINO-MONTES JAVIER , COLLANTES-ESTEVEZ EDUARDO , FONT PILAR , ZARCO PEDRO , MULERO JUAN , GRATACÓS JORDI , RODRÍGUEZ CARLOS , JUANOLA XAVIER , FERNÁNDEZ-SUEIRO JOSE LUIS , ALMODOVAR RAQUEL ,   the REGISPONSER Study Group
Published: March 2012

Objective.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is generally observed in young patients but can occur later in life or in persons ≥ 50 years of age. Our objective was to characterize the clinical features of late-onset AS in a large multicenter national cohort.

Methods.

We studied late-onset AS in the National Registry of Spondyloarthritis of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (REGISPONSER database) cohort (n = 1257), of whom 3.5% had onset at age ≥ 50 years versus a control group with onset at < 50 years.

Results.

There were no differences between late-onset and early-onset AS according to sex and family history of spondyloarthropathies. Patients in the late-onset group more often showed involvement of the cervical spine (22.7% vs 9.7%; p = 0.03) and arthritis of the upper (13.6% vs 3.0%; p = 0.002) and lower limbs (27.3% vs 15.2%; p = 0.03) as first manifestations than did patients in the early-onset group. A higher percentage of mixed forms (axial and peripheral joint disease) during the course of the disease was also recorded in the late-onset group (50% vs 24%; p = 0.0001).

Conclusion.

Our study suggests that age at onset of AS affects the patients’ presenting clinical form. Arthritis of the upper limbs requires a differential diagnosis with other conditions frequent in patients over 50 years of age, such as rheumatoid arthritis or crystal-induced arthropathy.
Use of Day Centers for Respite by Help-Seeking Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Jones Sandra C.
Published: March 2012

Addressing the use of respite services by caregivers of individuals with dementia is important to improving social support among this vulnerable group. This article uses theory to conceptualize the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that caregivers of individuals with dementia associate with the use of out-of-home day centers for respite. Interviews and focus groups with 36 caregivers were conducted to explore the beliefs of both users and nonusers of these services. While service users held positive beliefs, nonusers perceived negative outcomes for the care recipient with dementia or faced barriers associated with the recipient’s behavioral or physical needs. To address negative perceptions, nurses may need to promote the benefits of day centers for both caregivers and care recipients. However, improvements in program activities and environments, staff development, and caregiver support are also required to address negative beliefs and meet the needs of those currently not accessing care.
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in a Child With Branchial Cleft Cysts
Authors: Badami Ami , Bianciotto Carlos G. , Shields Carol L. , Shields Jerry A.
Published: March 2012

An otherwise healthy 15-month-old boy presented with benign branchial cleft cysts and combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. This association was previously only reported in a patient with branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. Although uncommon, this could represent multifocal sites of fetus craniofacial malformation.
Portraits of Loneliness: Emerging Themes Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Smith Judith M.
Published: March 2012

With aging comes a multitude of possible losses, including loss of health, spouse, friends, or independence. These losses can place older adults at risk for isolation and loneliness. Loneliness is of significant concern in older adults, as it can negatively affect their quality of life. An interpretive phenomenological study was conducted to explore the meaning of loneliness in 12 older adults living in the community. Selected excerpts from the participants reveal several themes, as well as the importance of maintaining meaningful connections and relationships with others to alleviate feelings of loneliness. Nurses can become more attuned to the problem of loneliness in older adults and the importance of helping their older clients maintain meaningful connections with others to reduce loneliness.
A Question About the Potential Cardiac Toxicity of Escitalopram
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: March 2012

Previous reviews have focused on the potential cardiac toxicity of the racemic drug citalopram (Celexa
®
). Evaluating the safety of escitalopram (Lexapro
®
) is an important issue to consider, since it is the S-enantiomer of citalopram. Escitalopram has a small effect on the QTc interval. A prolonged QTc was seen in 2% to 14% of escitalopram overdose cases, without serious cardiac sequelae. The QTc prolongation effect of citalopram in beagle dogs has been attributed to the minor metabolite racemic didemethylcitalopram (DDCT). Whether the escitalopram minor metabolite S-DDCT has this effect is not known. Concentrations of S-DDCT are lower than DDCT, but for a broad range of doses of escitalopram and citalopram, the S-DDCT and DDCT concentrations are well below the QTc prolonging concentrations reported in dogs. There is no strong evidence from human and animal studies that the cardiac safety of escitalopram is significantly superior to that of citalopram.
Mashup as temporal amalgam: Time, taste, and textuality
Authors: Booth Paul J.
Published: March 2012

The mashup video is examined as a specific textual component of remix culture. Mashup videos represent one particular type of remix and require an intricate base of knowledge to understand and appreciate the complex reworking of textuality engendered by the form. The mashup video becomes a key symbol of the engaged 21st-century media creator because it speaks to a media-literate and active audience. If we are to particulate in a fully autonomous media environment as scholars and as practitioners of participatory media, then it behooves us to speak not just to the salience of the mashup through a particular methodology, but also with a Media Studies 2.0 knowledge base. The temporal fluidity of the mashup video is explored as it relates to the concept of social and cultural taste. Analyses of the mashup videos "Virgin O'Riley" (Mark Vidler), "Vogue" (Luminosity), and "The Grey Video" (Fauchere and Tinguely) show how mashup videos remix new genres of cultural activity.
Remix video and the crisis of the humanities
Authors: Middleton Kim
Published: March 2012

The discourses of crisis in the humanities is juxtaposed with an analysis of remix video practices to suggest that the cognitive and cultural engagement feared lost in the former appear with frequency and enthusiasm in the latter. Whether humanists focus on the deleterious effects of the digital or celebrate the digital humanities but resist a turn to computation, their anxieties turn to the disappearance of textual analysis, aesthetics, critique, and self-reflection. Remix video, as exemplified by mashups, trailer remixes, and vids, depends on these same competencies for the creation and circulation of its works. Remix video is not the answer to the crises of the humanities; rather, the recognition of a common set of practices, skills, and values underpinning scholars and video practitioners' work provides the basis for a coalitional approach: identification of shared opportunities to promote and engage potential participants in the modes of thinking and production that contend with complex cultural ideas.
rhetoric of remix
Authors: Kuhn Virginia
Published: March 2012

The affordances of digital technologies increase the available semiotic resources through which one may speak. In this context, video remix becomes a rich avenue for communication and expression in ways that have heretofore been the province of big media. Yet recent attempts to categorize remix are limiting, mainly as a result of their reliance on the visual arts and cinema theory as the gauge by which remix is measured. A more valuable view of remix is as a digital argument that works across the registers of sound, text, and image to make claims and provides evidence to support those claims. After exploring the roots of contemporary notions of orality, literacy, narrative and rhetoric, I turn to examples of marginalized, disparate artifacts that are already in danger of neglect in the burgeoning history of remix. In examining these pieces in terms of remix theory to date, a more expansive view is warranted. An approach based on digital argument is capable of accounting for the rhetorical strategies of the formal elements of remixes while still attending to the specificity of the discourse communities from which they arise. This effort intervenes in current conversations and sparks enhancement of its concepts to shape the mediascape.
two-source illusion: How vidding practices changed Jonathan McIntosh’s political remix videos
Authors: Leduc Martin
Published: March 2012

In an interview with Henry Jenkins, Jonathan McIntosh named fannish vidding as a key influence on two of his more recent video remixes. I took a more detailed look at precisely how these two videos intertwine vidding practices with those of political remix video, and to what effect.
Interview with Eric Faden and Nina Paley
Authors: Boessen Brett
Published: March 2012

Interview with Eric Faden and Nina Paley, conducted by Brett Boessen.
"Television and new media: Must-click TV," by Jennifer Gillan
Authors: Giggey Lindsay
Published: March 2012

Review of Jennifer Gillan. Television and new media: Must-click TV. New York: Routledge, 2010. Paperback, $35.95 (328p) ISBN 978-0415802383.
De l’Europe à l’euro ou « l’industrieuse activité de la langue » : recensement et analyse des néologismes en anglais et en français de 1991 à 1998
Authors: Resche Catherine
Published: March 2012

Le but de cette étude est de rendre compte de la créativité langagière de l’anglais et du français en analysant les néologismes contenant le fracto-morphème Euro/euro (pour Europe) ou la lexie euro (monnaie unique). Les listes recensées sont analysées en fonction des mécanismes lexicogéniques des deux langues et les problèmes de forme et de fond sont abordés. Pour éviter les ambiguïtés sur ces néologismes « de luxe », le retour au contexte s’avère nécessaire, à plus forte raison lorsque les néologismes prennent une dimension métaphorique. Une lecture plus détaillée des listes permet d’avancer une interprétation des néologismes en terme de message qui peut alors être considéré comme miroir des opinions et des hésitations, témoin d’une période.
Evaluation on the Photoabsorber Composition Effect in Projection Microstereolithography
Authors: Ibrahim Raman , Raman Ibrahim , Ramlee Mohd Hafizul Hanif , Mohamed Mohammad Asraf Shaik , Ibrahim Mustaffa , Saidin Wahab
Published: March 2012

This paper presents a research progress on composition photoabsorber effect the solidification time and layer thickness of 3D structures fabrication using Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector as energy light source to initiate the photoreactive polymer. The polymer based material with composition of 1,6-Hexanediol dicrylate, Phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)- phosphine oxide with varied Sudan I concentrations was used to build 3D structures. The structure was fabricated using a three different photo absorber composition of Sudan I then the photoreactive polymer solidification phe¬nomena was evaluated. Based on the result obtained, higher exposed time of the photo absorber will reduced the surface roughness values and increased the solidification layer time. This work represents that photo absorber composition solution gave a different characteristics for 3D microstructure fabrication.
Investigation on Paste Extrudate Features in Ram Extrusion Process
Authors: Liu Hong Jun , Li Dong Jian , Li Ya Min
Published: March 2012

The precision of ceramic component gotten by some Solid Freeform Fabirication processes based on paste extrusion is dependent to a considerable degree on paste extrudate. To get clearer understanding about paste extrudate, the experimental works were carried out to investigate some important extrudate features for ram extrusion process in this paper. The velocity, diameter, liquid content and mass of extrudate of alunima paste by ram extrusion were studied. The liquid content of extrudate tests show that the occurance liquid phase migration depends on the ram velocity. Without liquid phase migration, the extrudate velocities have a corresponding relations to extrusion force. The dilation of extrudate occurs in commonly used ram velocities. So extrudate velocities should not be calculated by nozzle diameter but by the average diameter of dilated extrudate. The mass of extrudate in the very end of extrusion is greatly reduced and should not be used.
Modeling of Geometric Structure for Numerically Controlled Grinder Based on Multi-Body System Theory
Authors: Fan Jin Wei , Li Yun , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: March 2012

According to the multi-body system theory and geometric topology analysis method, combining the geometric structure and working principle of thread NC grinder, made the kinematics analysis for each parts of NC grinder. And the mathematical model for geometric topology structure of grinding machine system was established; the precision machining equations of NC grinder was deduced. Furthermore, the paper used the coordinate transformation principle of homogeneous to deduce the precision processing equation of NC grinder, all of that was based on the moving relationship of the machine tool, the workpiece and the grinding wheel, and got a kind of method that it can use multiple line grinding wheel to grind small radius, small screw pitch and multiple thread. This method laid a theoretical foundation for NC grinder machine processing which used multi-line grinding wheel to grind threads, and improve the grinding efficiency and precision of multi-line grinding wheel; in addition, this method has obtained good effect in grinding thread production.