bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En guise d'introduction, ou comment se sauver de l'anomie et de l'aliénation : Jesus People et Catholiques Pentecostaux
Authors: Pin Emile Jean
Published: March 2007

The author of the introduction to this issue of Social Compass first shows concrete examples of how the Jesus People and the Catholic Pentecostals represent two distinct movements that should not be confused.

Nevertheless, he points out that such religious phenomena have a common origin in the recent secular and religious history of the United States. From 1950 to 1965 a triumphant society becomes an insecure society. The shaking of formerly accepted moral values and convictions causes considerable anxiety, especially among the younger generation. The " counter-culture " movement arises out of this context.

Both the Jesus People and the Catholic Pentecostals, each in their own way, will try to provide a religious answer to the problem.

The Jesus People, independent of any particular religious denomination, both carry on and oppose the counter-culture. They follow its lifestyle but reject anything considered im moral or destructive. By so doing, the Jesus movement is undeniably performing a social function of reintegration which, in the end, may lead to its demise.

Catholic Pentecostalism, on the other hand, also retains certain elements of the counter-culture " style," but submits the message of the Spirit which is its own to critical examination by the Catholic hierarchy.
Fonctions sociales de la religion et structuration du champ religieux dans la monarchie tributaire de I'ancien Kerala
Authors: Lemercinier Geneviève
Published: March 2007

This analysis is related to two periods of the Kerala history, the first one concerning the genesis of the first monarchy, the Chera kingdom at the beginning of the christian era, and the second period concerning the " golden age " of the same kingdom (9th century A.D.). The choice of these two periods can be justified by the two-fold aim of this study : on the one hand to determine what would be the impact of this social relationship on the role of religion in the reproduction of the same social relationship. To wit, this type of social relationship was based upon the protective role of the State in the circulation of the social product and in the organization of production which remained in the hands of the kinship entities, which is typical of a tributary mode of production.
Hypothèses pour une analyse des stratégies religieuses au sein du monde migratoire en Europe
Authors: Bastenier Albert , Dassetto Felice
Published: March 2007

This article formulates a series of hypotheses concerning the religious strategies and practices in the world of Western European migration. Church activities are taken into con sideration, as well as the practices of the migrants themselves, but they are only seen in the context of Christianity.

For the authors, the cognitive, symbolic and practical system which forms the religious behaviour of migrants has to be seen in relation to the milieu which they are living in, the social class which they belong to, and the role which they are assigned to play in both the country of departure and the country of arrival. We may also take into consideration the nature of " migratory projects " which influence the religious practices of the migrants.

On this background one can understand and analyse the different observable religious migratory fields.
The Dechristianisation of the Working Class in Western Europe (1850-1900)
Authors: Mcleod Hugh
Published: March 2007

Cet article commence par prendre acte de la représentation traditionnelle que l'on fourni de la désaffection de la classe ouvrière vis-à-vis des Eglises tant Catholique que Protestantes à la fin du XIXe siècle. L'Auteur cherche à voir comment cette situation s'est installée dans différentes régions et villes d'Oc cident. Diverses situations apparaissent alors. Il ressort de ceci que les explications générales en termes d'effets de l'urbanisa tion et de l'industrialisation, ou encore en terme de défaillance pastorale des Eglises s'avèrent insuffisantes pour rendre comp te de cette « déchristianisation » généralisée. A partir du même contexte, on observe historiquement le développement d'un christianisme sectaire d'une part et l'apparition de stratégies de défense au sein des Eglises traditionnelles.
Finnish Revivalism as an Expression of Popular Piety
Authors: Huotari Voitto
Published: March 2007

Le « revivalisme » jouit d'une position sensiblement plus cen trale dans l'Église luthérienne finlandaise que dans beaucoup d'autres Églises européennes. Les phénomènes de revivalisme sont des mouvements populaires qui surgissent dans une certaine mesure indépendamment de la volonté du clergé et constituent une expression de la créativité religieuse des gens.
Towards a Programme for the Semiotic Analysis of Religion
Authors: van Tillo Gerard P. P.
Published: March 2007

Cet article explore les possibilités offertes par l'analyse sémiotique des phénomènes religieux. Pour ce faire, l'Auteur se concentre d'abord sur l'affinité qui existe entre le structuralisme et la sémiotique par rapport à l'intérêt qu'ils portent respective ment aux signes et aux systèmes de signes. En deuxième lieu, il présente quelques développements récents de l'entreprise sémioti que. Puis il discute quelques réalisations dans ce domaine. En der nier lieu, il compare la valeur heuristique d'une approche sémioti que des phénomènes religieux à quelques orientations récentes en sociologie de la religion. L'Auteur suggère de pallier aux déficien ces de ces orientations par une analyse sémiotique à trois niveaux des phénomènes religieux:
From Pillarization to New Religious Pluralism
Authors: Thung Mady A.
Published: March 2007

L'Auteur pose la question de la transformation du panorama religieux aux Pays-Bas depuis la fin de la deuxième guerre mon diale, en se basant sur les recherches qui ont été faites durant cette période. On est passé, entre le début du siècle et aujourd'hui, d'environ 5 % de personnes n'ayant pas d'affiliation religieuse à un peu plus de 40 % selon certaines sources, le processus s'étant accéléré précisément durant les 40 dernières années. Par ailleurs, on a assisté à un processus de différenciation à l'intérieur des groupes chrétiens, accentuant encore le pluralisme religieux. Tout cela a sérieusement remis en question les régulations traditionnel les entre religion et politique dans la société néerlandaise en terme de pilarisation.
Le culte marial de la Sainte Maison de Lorette et son évolution
Authors: Tanoni Italo
Published: March 2007

Loreto (Italy) is one of the most famous Marian sanctuaries in the world. It is a place of worship devoted to the Holy Family of Nazareth. It was in the eighteenth century that, according to tradition, the "Holy House" was transported from the Holy Land to the Hill of Laurels by the "ministry of Angels".
Tribal Religion in India : a Case Study of the Bhils
Authors: Bhuriya Mahipal
Published: March 2007

Avec ses cinq millions de membres, les Bhils constituent quantitativement le troisième groupe tribal en Inde.

L'auteur de cet article présente le point des connaissances qu'il a rassemblées au sujet des vestiges de la religion Bhil dans le district de Jhabua entre 1970 et 1985.

La religion tribale des Bhils s'avère plus ancienne que l'Hin douisme, et leurs divinités diffèrent considérablement dans leurs formes et leurs attributs de celles que l'on trouve dans le panthéon Hindou. Le Badwo est le dépositaire des traditions culturelles tri- bales qui, malgré la présence des grandes religions asiatiques et européennes dans l'environnement des Bhils, se maintiennent avec force. La ferveur religieuse des Bhils et leur foi dans les pouvoirs surnaturels est à la source de l'énergie psychologique dont ils ont fait preuve tout au long de siècles d'oppression.
D'une alliance entre religion et utopie post 68: le Rapport à la société du groupe “Eveil à la conscience planétaire”
Authors: CHAMPION Françoise
Published: March 2007

This article analyses the dynamics of the constitution and transformation of a group arising from the disputes of Post-May 68 in France. How have certain ecologists and neo-ruralists been led to bestow spiritual references upon themselves? On what grounds have the Findhorn community in Scotland been able to set up a model for themselves? This article shows how religious radicalization has been able to support utopian aspiration, and how this group's reacceptance of society has been accompanied by a religious disengagement. The author analyses this evolution, not as a “reversal” but as a “shift”, in that there have not really been changes of options, but of inflections, hierarchization and social arrangements. This has been possible to the extent that the group developed a progressive utopia, meaning by this that it already shared many orientations of the global society. The author raises the question of whether enlarging these analyses would explain the facility with which most movements stemming from May 68 were capable of being assimilated into dominant social currents and even of nourishing them.
Religion, démographie et Tiers-Monde: l'Islam et l'ambition des jeunes iraniens
Authors: HOURCADE Bernard
Published: March 2007

The Islamic Revolution in Iran coincided with the social emergence of new generations of young widely literate city-dwellers born after the White Revolution of 1962. These “sons of Mossadegh” were ambitious and took the opportunities presented by Islamic ethics and religious strength to take power in the villages, the cities and of course in the state. They became the main victims and also the senior officers of the Islamic state. The new geopolitical situation of Iran within Third World countries and as a part of the Islamic World can explain their pride and their global fidelity to the Islamic regime, even in the war against Iraqi invasion which was for them a war of independence. In this regard, theological and ideological aspects of the Islamic Revolution may be regarded as of less importance. In fact, the experience of ten years of Islamic rule may change Islam and Shii clergy in their relations with politics: as a paradox, instead of setting up reform within Islam, it may accelerate the move towards secularization which seems to have already begun.
Gramsci et l'éthique: pour une réforme intellectuelle et morale des masses
Authors: CACERES Mario
Published: March 2007

At the height of the current debates surrounding the technological revolution, research in the sciences and social and economic change, there is room for a dispute on ethics concerning values and axiological options. This article contributes to the research in this particular field and demonstrates that the proposition of Marx — namely the primate of praxis on theory — can still be valid today for ethical reasons. Following the principles of Gramsci in the field of ethics, the author considers this development under the specific heading of “intellectual and moral reformation”. He then analyses and confronts it — as its antithesis — with the moral doctrine of the Catholic Church.
Relations ambiguës des religions à la société globale
Authors: DOBBELAERE Karel
Published: March 2007

The author argues that a sacred ethos rather than a civil religion integrates global society. This poses problems for traditional religions since they consider this ethos too individualistic. Globalization stimulates the expression of specific cultures since universalism generates particularism. A typical problem for “multinational” religions, proclaiming their universalism, emerges: they are confronted with requests for acculturation by autochthone cultures. However, no religion escapes the dual demand for universalism and particularism in the global circumstance: they have to adapt their structure and culture. As far as functions are concerned, traditional religions still play an important role in giving expression to particular communities: they provide nations and regions with symbolic expression, and rituals for integration. However, their societal functions are undermined. The “world-affirming” New Religious Movements, to the contrary, seem better adapted to play a societal role.
Religion and Migration in the United States
Authors: WARNER R. Stephen
Published: March 2007

The conference theme suggests that mobility through and beyond the city presents a particular challenge to religion. It is true that mobility depresses religious participation in the short run, but religious institutions in the United States—because of the recent “settlement” of that country and its sustained history of international and domestic migration—are well adapted to a mobile population and their typical forms are receptive to newcomers. In particular, the “congregational” pattern, which defines the local religious community socially rather than geographically, allows for mobility without wrenching deracination. Thus, religious institutions in the US tend to be “associational”, both supportive of and modeled on conjugal family patterns, and not plagued by a discontinuity between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft ideals. Despite “transnational” currents, today's immigrants to the US are recapitulating this history. Religion is salient to them, as one of the identities that they must negotiate in the acculturation process. Their religious institutions converge on the congregational model and serve as venues for the renegotiation of gender and generational relations.
Changements récents dans le champ religieux brésilien
Authors: MARIZ Cecília Loreto , MACHADO Maria das Dores Campos
Published: March 2007

The ongoing process of transformation of religion in Brazil is marked by two apparently contradictory tendencies. Whereas, on the one hand, there is an institutional pluralism with a multiplication of evangelical churches, there is a concomitant religious deinstitutionalization: one section of the population is abandoning its institutional religious identity to live a religiosity detached from all institutions. To understand these phenomena better, in this article, the authors analyse, on the one hand, the discourses of Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal churches and charismatic Catholic groups against other religions, as well as these groups' institutional development projects and their search for visibility within the public sphere; and on the other hand, the language of isolated individuals who, generally, do not identify themselves with any religion properly speaking and adopt a religious “eclecticism and/or hybridism”.
The Popular Use of the Charismatic Movement in Curaçao
Authors: LAMPE Armando
Published: March 2007

In this article, the case of the recent growth of the Pentecostal movement within the Catholic Church in Curaçao is analysed. The author applies the idea of “the popular use” of religion in Latin America and the Caribbean in order to explain this religious phenomenon. This idea is shown to be a dynamic process of symbolic production, where the Afro-Curaçao people are developing an interpretation of the charismatic movement very different from the clerical version of the same movement. The author describes the events of 1987, when the charismatic movement expressed a synthesis between its own, Afro-Antillean religious concept of healing and its social protest against the local government of the time. The author concludes that the religious phenomenon in the Caribbean is going through a series of changes, which must be analysed in each particular context.
Catholicismes populaires urbains et globalisation: étude de cas au Chili
Authors: GUMUCIO Cristián PARKER
Published: March 2007

Contrary to supposition, globalization is not imposing a homogeneous and secularized culture. A case study of popular beliefs and practices in Santiago (Chile) reveals the great transformations they have undergone, but not the decisive influence of a market-oriented and pragmatic culture. Traditional and orthodox Catholic beliefs are being relativized and diversified, and this is evident in the resurgence of new types of religious syncretisms—even within popular Catholicism—with elements of what have been called “new age” beliefs. There are numerous types of popular urban Catholicism, ranging from the rationalistic to the magico-religious and even mystico-esoteric. In urban and modern contexts, popular Catholicism provides a context for the reconstruction of community and local identities and for resisting the imposition of a global culture of consumerism, without impeding access to codes of modernity.
L'identité comme arme dans le combat de la vie: Le “Nouvel Age” dans le cadre de la théorie de la civilisation
Authors: KUHLMAN Eveline
Published: March 2007

If considered in the light of Norbert Elias's theory of civilization, the popularity of practices associated with “New Age” appears to be due less to their religious or esoteric content than supposed in many sociological analyses. A dialectical-semiotic analysis of the ideas and practices of “New Agers” reveals underlying structures in their discourses which touch directly on the characteristic day-to-day problems of people living in the midst of the complex, interdependent networks of a society in a phase of “reflexive civilization” (Hans Peter Waldhoff). This phase demands an ever greater differentiation of psychological structures if one is to be well prepared for daily interactions. “New Age” practices offer individuals ways of self-development at different levels of identity, allowing them a safe context in which to experiment with new social behaviours.
Critique de l'approche de J.D. Crossan à partir de la sociologie et de l'histoire
Authors: VERDOODT Albert
Published: March 2007

Crossan uses rigorous criteria for establishing historical facts about Jesus, but adds a quantity of wider material for his interpretation. Socio-economic data are not well recorded. His historical approach brings him to the conclusion that Jesus' body was most likely left on the cross or thrown into a shallow grave. He favours the use of apocryphal and gnostic texts, that he dates very early, many earlier than the synoptic gospels.
Household Strategies: Their Conceptual Relevance and Analytical Scope in Social Research
Authors: Wallace Claire
Published: March 2007

The article considers the idea of `household strategies' as a concept that takes into account the motivations and agency of actors in society, as a method of analysis through looking at the intersection of different economies in household behaviour and as a unit of analysis, with a focus on households rather than individuals. Although the concept of household strategies has been criticized in each of these dimensions, it has nevertheless remained an important empirical tool of investigation in different parts of the world. Indeed, household strategies have become perhaps even more salient under conditions of social change such as post-Communism or post-Fordism. The danger of an over-emphasis on agency implied by this approach can be counteracted by considering structural factors that have emerged in empirical studies and which constrain the creation and deployment of household strategies. However, such constraints are not just objective but also culturally defined. Seen in this way, household strategies can be used for comparative research and can help to elucidate the social factors underlying economic behaviour. The article ends by suggesting certain conditions under which household strategies are likely to become especially important.
Studies on Permanent Creasing of Cotton Garments
Authors: Reid J. David , Mazzeno Laurence W. , Reinhardt Robert M. , Markezich Anthony R.
Published: March 2007

the Southern Regional Research Laboratory has initiated work on the application of resin formulations to cotton garments for the express purpose of imparting permanent creases to them. In its full scope, the project has two phases: application to finished garments and application to yard goods, with resin curing in each case being accom plished on the finished garment. Advantages and disadyantages of the processes are described.

Methods of application, procedures, and results are given for application of a dimethylol cyclic ethylene urea (CEU) formulation to swatches of fabric and to gar ments. Description is given of the effect of a numler of variables, such as the effect of storage on impregnated cloth, possibilities of stripping, precautions in drying and curing, durability to laundering, effect of sizing, effect of catalysts, and results using related resins in varying the formulation.

Ultimate objectives are given including cooperative work with other research agencies to utilize standard drycleaning equipment for commercial application, use on yard goods, and development of non-chlorine-retentive finishes suitable for white goods in imparting permanent creases to cotton garments.
Electrostatic Properties of Finished Cellulose Acetate Yarn1
Authors: Sprokel G.J.
Published: March 2007

Instruments are described to. measure the resistance of yarn samples and the charge build-up on the yarn as it is rubbed against a metal post. The resistance of acetate yarn can be calculated from the specific conductivity of the finish solution; the resistance of rayon yarn is much lower and is more affected by the yarn itself. The resistance of the sample determines how fast charge can leak off. If the resistance is smaller than 1012 or 1013 ohms in., charge cannot be detected at some distance from the point of generation, The generation of the charge is not well understood. A quantitative relation does exist between the charge on the yarn and the angle of wrap and the yarn tension. It is very desirable that the antistatic agent help to spread the finish solution over the yarn surlace.
The Absorbency of Terry Towels
Authors: Murphy Billie Gwin , Macormac Alfred R.
Published: March 2007

Samples from eleven undyed cotton terry towels, ranging from 9.7 to 14.8 oz. per square yard, were laundered up to 100 times in a household type washer. Their weights, maximum rates of absorption, and ultimate absorptions were determined after various numbers of laundering and drying cycles. The unlaundered samples had the lowest values for both rate and ultimate absorption. Both values increased markedly with successive launderings up to about 10; after that the increase, were slight. At 100 laundering the rate had passed maximum, but the ultimate absorption was still increas ing. Ultimate absorption correlates well with fabric weight, but the rate shows no such correlation. The absorption per gram of cotton was somewhat greater for the lighter weight fabrics.
An Automatic Single Fiber Tensile Strength Tester
Authors: Crane R.A. , Wharff P.C.
Published: March 2007

A recently developed automatic single fiber tensile tester obtains large amounts of stress-strain data for production control. The instrument tests fibers at a maximum rate of 30-40 hr. and plots stress-strain curves which are corrected for denier (cross- section area), corrected for mounting length errors, and include an indication of the denier of each sample. The elastic niodulus portion is plotted at twice the sensitivity of the balance of the curve. Ease of use is gained through the application of a "drop-in" loading design.
A Yarn Irregularity Tester Using the Vibrating String Principle
Authors: Downes J.G. , Leary B.G.
Published: March 2007

A type of yarn irregularity tester is described in which mass per unit length of a moving yarn is determined by a method in which a short section of the yarn is auto matically maintained in resonant transverse vibration. The method makes possible a more direct determination of mass per unit length than is given by capacitance-type testers and leads to a calibration which is independent of the type of material being tested and the regain. The accuracy of the tester was examined by comparing its record with direct measurements of the mass per unit length of various yarns; the absolute agreement was very good. both for short-length (3 cm.) irregularities and mean count or linear density (over 1-m. lengths). In the former case worsted yarns from 22 to 88 tex (40's to 10's count) and having coefficients of variation (C.V.) ranging from 28% to 10% were measured with accuracies better than O.3% of C.V. In the determination of mean count of similar yarns the accuracy averaged 1%.
Nonsilicate Stabilization of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleach Solutions
Authors: Cates David M. , Cranor Winifred H.
Published: March 2007

Alkaline solutions of hydrogen peroxide are stabilized by addition of calcium chloride and disodium phosphate. Evidence is given that stabilization may be due to the forma tion of CaHPO4 as precipitate.
Electrical Forces Affecting Soil and Substrate in the Detergency Process—Zeta Potential
Authors: Harris Jay C.
Published: March 2007

Electrokinetic forces are of considerable importance in the mechanism of soil removal and redeposition. One electrokinetic measurement is that of the difference in potential between the immovable layer attached to the surface of a solid phase (soil or substrate) and the movable part of the diffuse layer in the body of the detergent liquid, and is termed zeta potential. Correlations have been obtained which indicate that, in a de tergent system, it is desirable that the zeta potentials of soil particles and substrate become nearly equal to reduce attractive forces tending to cause them to adhere.

The effect of surfactants and electrolytes upon the zeta potential of soils and sub strates has been collated, permitting an estimate of the areas in need of further elucida tion. Cited are available correlations between zeta potential and suspension values, critical micelle concentration, and detergency values.
Anger, Violence, and Academic Performance
Authors: Fleming Jacqueline , Barner Celious , Hudson Betsy , Rosignon-Carmouche Lee A.
Published: March 2007

Nineteen troubled teens who participated in a nontraditional intervention to teach peaceful negotiation were recruited for a pilot study of anger management, violent behavior, and academic performance. The results showed that (a) anger mismanagement was unrelated to violent behavior, but was negatively related to control over time and concentration; (b) verbal assault was associated with an inability to communicate, whereas physical violence was associated with a lack of goal direction; and (c) academic performance was negatively related to self-esteem and teacher support, but positive performance change was associated with mother contact and better time management.
Increasing African American Teachers’ Presence in American Schools
Authors: Wilder Margaret
Published: March 2007

Educational reformers have drawn national attention to the African American teacher shortage by providing demographic and empirical data that illustrate the racial imbalance within the teaching profession. Notably absent from the data, however, are the voices of the students for whom reforms are intended. This article presents the narratives of a group of African American students to illustrate the impact on students of having or not having African American teachers. Listening to students’ descriptions of their interaction with their teachers and their praise of their African American teachers illuminates why recruiting more teachers of color is important not only to the profession but also, crucially, to the students themselves.
Attracting, Preparing, and Keeping Great Urban Teachers
Authors: Schoon Kenneth J. , Sandoval Pamela A.
Published: March 2007

This article describes a graduate, 19-month alternative certification program for urban middle-and high-school teachers that leads to teacher certification. With additional course work, it can also lead to a master’s degree in secondary education. In an ongoing evaluation of the program based on the needs of participating urban school districts, program faculty members have continued to reflect upon and revise the content and sequencing of course work and fieldwork. Interviews and focus groups have shown that students, their mentors, principals, other administrators, and university faculty believe the program has been successful in producing new teachers for the urban districts.
“Returning the Dues”
Authors: James Carl E. , Haig-Brown Celia
Published: March 2007

This study uses interviews to explore students’ perspectives of a university path program, one initiative of a university-school partnership. Responses show that the abstraction of the program lives in concrete and personal dimensions for students as they move from high school to university in the same neighborhood. Advanced placement work at the university and the secondment of faculty from the school board blur distinctions between school and university. Most striking is the students’ desire to contribute to the community that has supported them and is most closely associated with their families, the school, and the university that lies, at least geographically, within community bounds.
The Theatre of the Absurd
Authors: Mackler Bernard
Published: March 2007

In our time we have seen the demonic emerge in all its starkness, and we have learned why it emerges: The demonic comes into being for man whenever he is manipulated by large impersonal forces beyond his control; forces that he is actively and uncritically contributing to. Thus, when modem man sets in motion vast social institutions but does not take critical control of them, the institutions assume their own momentum; the people who man the institutions become like ants mechanically doing their duty, and no one dares to question the routine to which the institutions conform. The result is that there is no way of breaking through the uncritical fictions that control society and that are embodied in vast and powerful, faceless organizations. Responsibility is nowhere; grinding power everywhere. Where are the "centered" persons-as Tillich called them -who should guide and shape this impersonal machinery, according to an ideal vision of man? Where is the responsible dissent, the continued review of the ends of action? Without these the world of ineluctable movements assumes its own laws, and, like a black widow spider of science-fiction proportions, it turns on and consumes the very people who give it life [Becker, 1968: 141-1421.
Blue-Collar Power
Authors: Rafky David M.
Published: March 2007

Set in the wall of the main corridor of a public school in a small city of Iowa is a bronze tablet bearing, in low relief, the heroic likeness of a man and the inscription "He gave thirty-two years of faithful service to the youth of this community. " From the dedicatory program we learn that the tablet was placed "by its hundreds of doners [sic] with the belief that all those who shall frequent these halls in the years to come will be inspired, as we who present it were inspired, by him. " This superior personage, so memorialized, was not a member of the board of education, he was not a superintendent; nor a principal; nor an exceptional teacher, but the school janitor or custodian.... Here is a testimonial to the fact that the man who fires the furnace and sweeps the floors may. loom in the memory of those who came under his humble ministrations as of more moment than the remaining personnel of the institution [Rogers, 1938: 1].
School Movements as Recruiters of Women Leaders
Authors: Mottl Tahi Lani
Published: March 2007

Women find-or create-alternative paths to leadership.
The Reform of Vocational Education
Authors: Edson C. H.
Published: March 2007

A cheering historical example: a reform which succeeded-and lessons to be gained from it.
Urban Policy Outputs
Authors: Gaziel H. H.
Published: March 2007

An inquiry into Israel community satisfaction with schooling shows unanticipated correlates, and suggests additional modes of assessment.
Community Service within the Urban University
Authors: Cummings Scott , C Lee Joe J.
Published: March 2007

The resources and expert knowledge of a university can be employed in "activist research" in the community.
Propositional Paper
Authors: Rabinow Kathryn L. E.
Published: March 2007

Segregated schools are a social injustice and a waste of human resources.
One-Way Busing and Community Psychology
Authors: Rosentraub Mark , Cummings Scott , Young Rosalind
Published: March 2007

Busing in black pupils seemed to have little effect on white attitudes and communities toward the pupils.
Interethnic Contacts with Gifted, Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Ichilov Orit , Shacham Miri
Published: March 2007

Multiethnic classes in an Israeli school produce greater social acceptance, less social distance, and changed perceptions of opportunity.
Desegregation Design and Implementation
Authors: Berg William M. , Colton David L.
Published: March 2007

School desegregation plans are affected both by interrelations of schools, courts, and city government and by the political and economic agendas of actors.
The Socialization of Teachers
Authors: Blase Joseph J.
Published: March 2007

You become very organized and structured as a result of being a teacher.... You struggle to be efficient. Control becomes a major goal.... Paperwork, hall duty, meetings, discipline problems, keeping track of student attendance-are a constant distraction.... Administrators and parents push you to be more conservative. Students want to be spoon fed. So, you organize yourself for survival. Good teaching, creative teaching requires time and an inner energy that is drawn away by all those extraneous things. When you're not enthusiastic and energetic, your teaching suffers. You become rigid and the classroom becomes a factory (English teacher, 11 years).
Marjorie Stallings
Authors: Mcpherson R. Bruce , Crowson Robert L. , Brieschke Patricia A.
Published: March 2007

"Creative insubordination" is a necessary strategy for successful school principals, although it has hazards.
Camden Direct Instruction Project 1984-1985
Authors: Brent George , Diobilda Nicholas , Gavin Florence
Published: March 2007

Direct instruction is successful in raising test scores.
The Dynamics in the Enculturation and the Work in the Assistant Principalship
Authors: Marshall Catherine , Greenfield William
Published: March 2007

Enculturation of assistant principals tends to result in "custodial, nonrisk-taking, noninstructional" orientations of potential educational leaders.
Evaluation that Accommodates Minority Teacher Contributions
Authors: Peterson Kenneth D. , Deyhle Donna , Watkins William
Published: March 2007

Greater flexibility in evaluative procedures to aid minority group-and other-teachers improve leaning.
Language for Preventing and Defusing Violence in the Classroom
Authors: Houston Richard , Ugh Steven Gruba
Published: March 2007

Appropriate policies, rules, and accountability help prevent violence inschool. Appropriate intervention techniques minimize or avert it.
Eric
Authors: Lopez Manuel D.
Published: March 2007

ERIC is a valuable resource, but not the universal panacea for all researchers and practitioners.
Identifying Second-Language Students' Needs
Authors: Davis Donna G. , McDaid Janet L.
Published: March 2007

In this era of ever increasing infiuxes of students from other countries who often have limited English-speaking skills, school districts need to find better ways of helping these students attain their educational expectations. This study was conducted to survey Vietnamese students regarding their perceptions and needs in order to better serve them in the school setting. Although many Vietnamese students are successful in school; there are many who are dropping out of school. The findings have important implications for improving school programs for second-language students.
Exits from Urban Superintendencies
Authors: Tallerico Marilyn , Poole Wendy , Burstyn Joan N.
Published: March 2007

The experiences and perspectives of four women who have exited urban school district superintendencies are examined in this article. Sources of disenchantment with the political aspects of the role are discussed Structural and sociocultural frameworks are used to interpret findings about women's continuing "outsider" status in educational leadership. The authors conclude by advocating increased attention to both the recruitment and retention of women and members of other underrepresented groups in the superintendency.
Reconsidering Emergency Teaching Certificates and Alternative Certification Programs as Responses to Teacher Shortages
Authors: Neumann Richard A.
Published: March 2007

This article examines two recent studies on alternative certification programs and presents findings from a survey of emergency-certificated teachers. These studies reveal vast differences in emergency teacher preparation. Although some alternative certification programs may represent a more responsible approach to teacher shortages than emergency certificates, interns in these programs still assume full teaching responsibility with substandard training and experience. It appears that students of emergency-certificated teachers and alternative certification interns bear a considerable cost in the education of these teachers.
Identifying and Examining Adolescents' Moral Values
Authors: Bohning Gerry , Hodgson Amy , Foote Tom , Mcgee Connie , Young Brenda
Published: March 2007

Many teachers recognize their responsibility to help students develop sound moral values. To assist teachers in meeting that responsibility, this study identified and examined adolescents' moral values through their written fables.Findings are reported by grade level and gender for ethnically diverse urban youth at the 6th-grade, 10th-grade, and first-year college levels. Core values represented in students' written fables related significantly to grade level but not to gender; suggesting that as urban adolescents mature, their value priorities shift. These findings can help direct school and community efforts to initiate character education programs or to strengthen andfocus currently existing ones.
Comprehensive School Mental Health Specialists
Authors: Frame Marsha Wiggins , Tait Connie T , Doll Beth
Published: March 2007

Urban children and adolescents are faced with many stressors that affect their mental health and that currently are not being addressed effectively by the various mental health professionals working in schools. In this article, the authors argue that blending school psychology and school counseling training to produce comprehensive school mental health specialists could better address the identified social and emotional needs of children in urban schools. Such a shift could result in more comprehensive, coordinated school mental health services and lead to improved academic performance.
Negotiating Social Change
Authors: WYN JOHANNA , WHITE ROB
Published: March 2007

This article explores paradoxical elements in the relationship between youth and society. It argues that researchers need to take account of both the distinctive circumstances of the post-1970 generation and the new approaches they are developing to make a life. It argues that questions about how social structures and social divisions affect young people's life patterns need to recognize the ways in which young people themselves are responding to new realities.
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Student Employment and Academic Outcomes
Authors: WARREN JOHN ROBERT
Published: March 2007

Prior observers have consistently found a negative relationship between school performance and the intensity of high school students' employment. However, few observers have thought carefully enough about exactly why student employment and schooling outcomes are related. Most have used a zero-sum model of students' resource allocation to explain this relationship. The author identifies conceptual problems with the zero-sum model and proposes a social psychological primary orientation model to explain this association. He then uses new data collected in a pilot study on adolescent employment that allows him to weight the merits of these competing models. In an exploratory analysis, the author finds that these data are more consistent with the primary orientation model than with the zero-sum perspective.
Education for Democracy
Authors: SHECHTMAN ZIPORA
Published: March 2007

This study assessed an educational program designed to enhance democratic values among junior high students. The program is counseling oriented and holistic, in that it aims at creating change on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels as well as in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral realms. The research population encompassed 600 junior high students from six schools and 20 classrooms. A pre-posttest comparison was employed. Results of the intervention indicated an increase in democratic values, as revealed by attitudes toward school life; an enhanced democratic climate in the classroom; and a decrease in positive attitudes toward school. These findings have important implications regarding program implementation.
The Immediate Effects of Homicidal, Suicidal, and Nonviolent Heavy Metal and Rap Songs on the Moods of College Students
Authors: BALLARD MARY E. , COATES STEVEN
Published: March 2007

The authors examined the impact of homicidal, suicidal, and nonviolent heavy metal and rap songs on the moods of male undergraducates under the guise of administering a memory for lyrics test. Subjects heard one of six songs and completed a memory task. Subjects completed several mood inventories as part of a “second study.” There were no effects of song content or music type on suicidal ideation, anxiety, or self-esteem. The nonviolent rap song elicited higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores than the violent rap songs. And, rap songs elicited significantly more angry responses than heavy metal songs.
Exploring the Causes of Early Dropout among Race-Ethnic and Gender Groups
Authors: JORDAN WILL J. , LARA JULIA , McPARTLAND JAMES M.
Published: March 2007

This study uses nationally representative high school student data to show raceethnicity and gender differences in reasons for early school dropout and plans for dropouts to resume their education. Factor analyses show that separate reasons for dropping out include school-related, family-related, and job-related causes, as well as influences from peers and residential mobility. White dropouts cited alienation from school more often than either African Americans or Hispanics of both sexes. African American males reported being suspended or expelled from school more than the other groups. Hispanic and African American females cited family-related reasons more often than did White females. The overwhelming majority of dropouts did have plans for resuming their education, which differed across race-ethnicity and gender. Male and female White dropouts planned to take equivalency tests; Hispanic adolescents favored attending alternative high schools; and African American adolescents planned to return to a regular high school to earn their diplomas. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of Power-Control Theory and Single-Mother Families
Authors: LEIBER MICHAEL J. , WACKER MARY ELLEN ELLYSON
Published: March 2007

Power-control theory states that relative power in the workplace conditions patterns of parental control of children in two-parent families, resulting in gender differences in rates of nonserious delinquency. Additionally, single mothers, regardless of their occupational power, control and socialize their sons and daughters similarly and effect a small delinquency gender gap. In the present study, the authors applied the traditional power-control theory and an extended power-control theory to two data sets on single-mother families to empirically test these assertions. As predicted by power-control theory, they found no gender difference in delinquency once the relevant variables were controlled for in the analysis. Consistent with the extended revise model, however, delinquent offending increased for females who associate with delinquent peers. This relationship also appears to be conditioned by structural factors.
Did the Realist-Idealist Great Debate Really Happen? a Revisionist History of International Relations
Authors: Ashworth Lucian M.
Published: March 2007

In the history of international relations, no single idea has been more influential than the notion that there was a `great debate' in the 1920s and 1930s between the advocates of idealism and the champions of realism. In reality, there was never a single `great debate' but rather a multiplicity of discussions which revolved around at least three big questions: does capitalism lead to war; what are the most effective ways of dealing with totalitarian state aggression; and (in the US), is retreat from entangling alliances a reasonable response to a world turned upside down by war and economic depression? Throughout this, the academic study of IR remained strongly liberal and internationalist in orientation. However, liberalism was never seriously challenged by an apolitical realism, but instead by socialist critics - at least in Britain - and isolationists in the United States. Ultimately, the persistence of the notion that there was a real debate between idealism and realism, which the latter apparently won, says less about the actual discussions of the time, and more about the marginalisation of liberal and normative thinking in the IR mainstream in the post-war period.
The `Fall of the Towers' and International Order
Authors: Brown Chris
Published: March 2007

The attacks on America of 11 September 2001 present a grave policing problem for the international community but do not constitute a serious challenge to the norms of international society. Rather than a `war on terrorism', the international community is engaged in a hunt for a specific terrorist group, whose ideology - radical Islam - is not sufficiently broad in its appeal to constitute a genuine threat to the current international order. The particularist ideology of al-Qaeda is contrasted with that of an earlier challenge to international society in the 1960s at the time of the Vietnam War, the `Tricontinental Congress' and when a number of terrorist groups were operating within western society - the limited appeal of radical Islam to non-Muslims is in contrast with the universalist ideology espoused by these earlier groups, but, because of the religious basis of their ideology, it will be difficult to incorporate the leaders of al-Qaeda within conventional politics as has happened, in many cases, with the leaders of the earlier revolt against the West.
Sequence Analysis and Optimal Matching Methods in Sociology
Authors: ABBOTT ANDREW , TSAY ANGELA
Published: March 2007

The authors review all known studies applying optimal matching or alignment (OM) techniques to social science sequence data. Issues of data, coding, temporality, cost setting/algorithm design, and analytic strategies are considered, and substantive findings are reviewed. The authors conclude that OM techniques have produced interesting results in a wide variety of areas, the most promising being studies of careers and of sequentially organized cultural artifacts.
A Heteroscedastic Generalized Extreme Value Discrete Choice Model
Authors: ZENG LANGCHE
Published: March 2007

Of the commonly used discrete choice models, the probit class allows flexible covariance structures for disturbances but is computationally burdensome for problems with more than a few alternatives. The generalized extreme value (GEV) class, including the widely used logit and nested logit models, has the advantage of computational ease but suffers in general from the restriction of homoscedastic disturbances. This article generalizes the GEV class to allow heteroscedastic disturbances across decision makers as well as across choice alternatives. The resulting models include the heteroscedastic extreme value model as a special case, which is a generalized logit model with heteroscedasticity across choice alternatives. Particular attention is paid to the heteroscedastic logit and nested logit models because of their widespread use in practice. An empirical application reanalyzing data from the 1980 presidential election tests the hypothesis of information-induced heteroscedasticity across voters and finds support for a heteroscedastic logit model that reveals stronger effects of voter information on the turnout decision than suggested by the original standard logit model in Ordeshook and Zeng.