bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis about Existing Buildings for Energy Saving
Authors: Wang Xue Ying , Xu Dong , Wu Ya Jun
Published: August 2012

Along with the quick development of social economy, consumption of the energy is more and more serious. Saving energy’s reformation not only can lower a building energy effectively but also can improve the environment of the inner and exterior of building. For improving the quality level of life, it has very aggressive meaning. Existing building consuming energy is serious in all buildings.Its economy energy reformation is particularly important. The paper set out a few current aspects economize on energy the technique project from the doors and windows, out wall, and roof etc. and policy suggestion of reformation from the actual circumstance.
Modeling Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Perforated Slab and Project Cost Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhong Min , Gao Wei , Ji Jing
Published: August 2012

To determine the reinforced concrete perforated plate thickness and size of hole in a processing workshop, four kinds of scheme are given. In this article, finite element software ANSYS is used to analyze the stress and deformation under the action of vertical load on four cases. A group schemes which meet standard requirements are identified by comparison, and the normal use of large opening plate is ensured. It is a valuable reference for the design and analysis of the similar projects.
Numerical Simulations on Embankment Settlements over Soft Ground
Authors: Yu Chuang , Cai Xiao Qing , Wu He Jun
Published: August 2012

With the demand of economic development and traffic modernization process, the construction of highway engineering in China has come into a fast period. This paper investigates the settlement of the highway embankment using the finite element software Plaxis. The embankment settlements at different locations with time are presented. Compared with the measured settlement-time data, it is concluded that the computed results kept good agreements with measured data. The results show that the software Plaxis has certain accuracy in the calculation of the embankment settlement over soft clay ground, which could be intended to provide a reference for engineering practice. The presented numerical simulation model can be applied to predict the settlement during the filling process of embankment.
Study on the Strata Stress Field Caused by the Construction of Shallow Driven Method Tunnel Level in Saturated Soft Clay
Authors: Pan Lin You , Yu Chuang , Li Xiao Bing , Sun Fu Xue
Published: August 2012

Using finite element software, Plaxis model and the measured data, the finite element analysis for the shallow tunnel of crossing the street tunnel in saturated soft clay shallow driven method, studied the influence of crossing the street tunnel and the change of stress field of the strata for the soil around different parameters (tunnel wall stiffness, construction load, soil disturbance).
Study of Simulation in Storm Sewer System of Zhenjiang Urban by Infoworks ICM Model
Authors: Sheng Jian Guo , Dan Yu Di , Liu Cang Song , Ma Lu Ming
Published: August 2012

Through a typical rainstorm process, the rainwater outlet amount and the catchment area of Zhenjiang urban is collected. It is simulated by Infoworks ICM model, the corresponding parameters of substitution are applied. The results found: The model can better reflect heavy rain or rainstorm of rainwater outlet catchment case of Zhenjiang urban.
Analysis on the Impact Force of a Ship Colliding with a Bridge Pier
Authors: Ding Jian Guo , Qiao Zhi
Published: August 2012

Because many accidents in China involve a ship in a barge fleet colliding with a bridge pier, determining the impact force of the ship is important. To obtain an equation that describes the impact force of a ship colliding with a bridge pier, a mechanical model of the collision is simplified, and the results from other researchers are applied. Based on the equation, it is found that the impact force of a ship colliding with a bridge pier is not only relevant to the mass，velocity, board thicknesses of the ship, and the impact angle, but also to the remaining velocity coefficient. It has been demonstrated that the result from the proposed equation in this paper is in accordance with that of Gkss’s test in Wosin G theory.
Planning Design of Step on Widening Engineering of Expressway
Authors: Zhao Rong Long , Ma Xiang , Li Xian Meng
Published: August 2012

To design the planning of excavating step on widening engineering of expressway reasonably, three-dimensional finite element method is used to analysis the influence of relative position between load and joint and step thickness combination of asphalt layer on the stress state of widening pavement. It is indicated from the results that step of asphalt layer should be under the marking or middle of the lane. To the double step of old asphalt layer, increase the thickness of lower step can improve the stress state of widening pavement, and joint of base layer step shouldn’t 0.4m away from load. Step planning can affect the maximal shearing stress of joint surface obviously, the index can be use to control construct quality of pavement widening engineering. The conclusion can be use as reference on excavating step for pavement widening engineering.
Impact Compaction Technology of Filling Subgrade with Yellow River Sandy Soil
Authors: Yuan Yu Qing , Li Wei , Yang Tian Wen , Guo Tao
Published: August 2012

In order to reduce sinking after subgrade construction, impact compaction technology was put forward. The engineering characteristics of Yellow River sandy soil located in Kaifeng, and impact compaction technologies were analyzed. The contrast tests were also carried through, including vibration compaction and impact one. The results show that the subgrade can obtain higher compaction degree with impact compaction technology than the other method, with 2%-5% increasing.
Numerical Simulation Used for High Strength Concrete under Impact Loading
Authors: Long Yao Qiu , Jiang Guo Ping
Published: August 2012

The process of concrete under symmetric impact was experimentally investigated in the case of primary gas gun and was analyzed .The shock properties of C100 concrete is investigated by gas gun planar impact technique. The manganin pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure-time curves of the samples. The parameters of high-pressure equation are obtained by the numerical simulation. Numerical simulation is a necessary complement to the test. The spall phenomenon is observed by the numerical simulation.
Discussion on the Calculation Method of the Deep Buried Tunnel Surrounding Rock Loose Pressure
Authors: Yun Yong Feng , Wu De Lun
Published: August 2012

Adopted the load-structure model to tunnel structure design calculation, our country often use surrounding rock pressure experience calculation formula, This paper analysed the problems existing in the experience calculation formula and calculated the surrounding rock pressure have influence on calculation results of tunnel structure internal force with the formulas, and at last given out more actual modification formula, the surrounding rock stress is continuity with the formula calculated, it is more actual than the traditional experience formula, provided a new way for accurate calculated the surrounding rock pressure.
Exploration of the Rockwork Controlled Blasting Closed to the Existing Railways and its Safety Precautions
Authors: Lv Xiao Shi
Published: August 2012

The existing roads, railways can no longer meet the growing expansion of the traffic needs, some newly built roads, railways must be crossed with the old lines, the difficulty of construction is considerable, especially Pro tight both line and rock blasting operations, it is necessary to consider boththe safety of the line, but also to ensure that the construction schedule. Based on an example of the rebuilding of the railway grade crossing to interchange from Loudi Prefecture in Zhuliu highway to dragon section of the sand Huaihua, Hunan Province, the article describes the safety and protection measures construction blasting in conditions close to the complexity of the existing lines, the construction of similar projects the organization, management provide some reference.
Hybrid Control System for Seismic Protection of the Benchmark Model
Authors: Fu Jian Fang , Feng Xin Jian , Zhang Jian Lin
Published: August 2012

In this paper, a 20-storey Benchmark model is used to compare the effects of various control systems, including Damper control system, TMD control system and Hybrid control system. In the course of the optimization, the displacement reducing coefficient (DRF) and the storey drift reducing coefficient (SDRF) are used as the objective functions to optimize the control parameters based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). Numerical results prove the advisability of the Hybrid control system of dampers and TMD, which can not only decrease the floor displacement, but also improve the mutation of the storey drift.
Discussion on the Architectural Design Based on Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Liu Juan
Published: August 2012

The low-carbon economy plays a important role in the architectural design requirements from the perspective of low-carbon economy. by introducing the issue of sustainable development of domestic architecture, the paper analysis that architectural design be adapt to the need for low-carbon economic development, and discusses the way of the development of low-carbon green building design.
Stochastic Finite Element Based Reliability Analysis of Concrete Structures in Marine Environment
Authors: Hong Bin , Yang Lu Feng , Chen Zheng , Jiang Qing Ming , Hu Chun Yan , Li Ran
Published: August 2012

The stochastic model of chloride diffusion is the foundation of evaluating concrete structures’ reliability in marine environment. In this paper, the random field of chloride diffusion coefficient was described as a group of random variables by local average theory. The chloride distribution matrix, diffusion matrix and nodal concentration vector were expanded by using the Taylor series. The stochastic finite element method was developed, and the mean and standard deviation of the chloride distribution concentration were yielded by the presented method. A numerical example demonstrated the high precision of the stochastic finite element method presented, and the service life of concrete structures could be predicted by the method.
Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Steel Mesh Frame Sandwich Insulation Board
Authors: Yang Yong Heng , Li Den Rong , Liu Yong Hui , Li Ling Yun
Published: August 2012

In this paper, conducted a systematic study of thermal performance of steel mesh frame sandwich insulation board. The thermal performance of steel mesh frame sandwich insulation board was determined under different conditions. Proposed the insulation effect on oblique inserting wire in the steel mesh frame sandwich insulation board and provided the basis for engineering design and application.
Failure Analysis of PCCP with Broken Wires
Authors: You Ri , Gong Hong Bo
Published: August 2012

The prestressing wires of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) provide pipe wall with compressive stress to resist internal pressure. Broken wires resulting from corrosion is a major factor contributing to the degradation of pipe strength. In order to analysis the failure process of PCCP with broken wires, a 3-D model with a very fine mesh is developed for the pipe structure, considering material nonlinear behavior, pipe-earth interaction, prestress loss, and combined effects of external and internal loads. The results of nonlinear finite element analysis show that wire breaks causing prestress loss can accelerate the failure process of PCCP. As internal pressure increases, the earliest concrete cracking and steel-cylinder yielding occurs in the prestress loss zone. The closer to the prestress loss zone, the higher stress unbroken wires will have.
Study of Long-Term Strength Experiment on Xigeda Soil
Authors: Chen Wei , Chang Fei , Jiao Tao , Luo Qiang
Published: August 2012

Xigeda Soil, as a kind of typical soil widespread in west region of Panzhihua, is widely applied to local engineering construction. Limesoil made by adding quicklime into Xigeda soil is also extensively used in wall construction of rural house building. The strength of wall material of Xigeda limesoil wall is measured in this paper through contrast test, meanwhile, strength of rammed limesoil with 1:9 volume ratio is measured on 60th day and 36th month respectively. The test result indicates that compressive strength of limesoil increased by 67% and its tensile strength also greatly increased, which is beneficial to its application in wall engineering construction. This paper also makes an analysis of limesoil mechanism of cementation and points out that Xigeda limesoil is a favorable wall material for house building.
Research on the Influence of the P-δ Effect to Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Single Layer Latticed Shell Structures
Authors: Du Wen Feng , Zhou Zhi Yong
Published: August 2012

The ultimate bearing capacity of the single-layer latticed shell structure, calculated without considering the single-member instability(P-δ effect), was not consistent to the actual value of ultimate bearing capacity in practice. It was studied in detail that the ultimate bearing capacity of the single-layer latticed shell structure considering the member instability by proposing a method of multi-element simulation. The value of the ultimate bearing capacity decreased by 15.6% after considering the member instability taking a single-layer latticed shell structure with a 40m span as example. The analysis results show that the value of ultimate bearing capacity is significantly affected for the single-layer latticed shell structure with a small span and high rise-span ratio
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: Beijing South Railway Station
Authors: Leng Yan , Li Qing , Liang Yan Jiao , Zhou Nai Hui , Kou Chun Ge
Published: August 2012

Beijing South Railway Station is an integrated system, the evaluation of which should involve not only the inner transfer condition, but also the connection in the road network. To make a more comprehensive and scientific evaluation of the station, we select various criteria, including not only the static indicators, but also the dynamic indicators. Then we build a three-level hierarchy index structure to evaluate the performance of the inner and outside performance of Beijing South Railway Station. For the inner part, we apply Extension Theory to for evaluation. Then we use VISSIM to simulate the condition of the station in the road network.
Influence of Incorporating Recycled Aggregate on Carbonation Performance of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Huang Ying , Deng Zhi Heng , Hu Yue Feng , Xu Hui
Published: August 2012

Recycled concrete is a kind of green and new material. With the application of construction, more research should be carried on its carbonization performance, not only focusing on its mechanical properties. Recycled concretes with different W/C (0.45、0.55 and 0.65) and recycled aggregate mix proportions (0、30%、50%、70%and 100%) are made to test their carbonation depth. The results show that water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate mix proportions have interactive influence on carbonization performance of recycled concrete. Influence of recycled aggregate on carbonation depth depends on two conflicting aspects: one is beneficial effect due to high water absorption; another is harmful effect caused by damage structure. A new model of RAC carbonation depth is suggested based on the study.
Commercial Concrete Quality Test
Authors: Zhang Jin Yang
Published: August 2012

The appearance of commercial concrete has heightened architectural construction level, improved construction civilization and offered the guarantee of the popularization and application of new tech significantly. Meanwhile, its popularization has brought the issues of structural solid concrete strength test and early plastic cracks. Currently, the solution for commercial concrete structural strength test is mainly done by means of method of non-destructive test of core-drilling correction. Merely the primary analysis can be done over the early plastic cracks to find no reasonable explanation toward those cracks, nor define the responsibilities of the related subjectival responsible parts that cause the cracks.
Experimental Study and Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Inorganic Polymer Concrete Beam
Authors: Lu Zhe An , Jin Xin , Fan Xiao Chun
Published: August 2012

The stress behavior of the reinforced inorganic polymer concrete(IPC) beam was discussed, included the load-deflection curve, craze load and ultimate bearing capacity under the static load function through the method of the experimental study and the non-linear finite element analysis. Compared the data of the experiment with the results of the finite element analysis, it indicates that the reinforced IPC beam owns higher ductility ratio and better deformation capacity on the same loading condition. Meanwhile, the cracks of IPC beam develop more slowly than the normal ones, there were less and smaller cracks on IPC beam. The research results offer the theoretical and experimental references for engineering practice and design index of IPC.
Summary of the New Rutting Tests of China
Authors: Liu Hao , Guan Hong Xin , Luo Zeng Jie
Published: August 2012

The asphalt pavement is the mainstream pavement structure of the expressway in our country. But it is investigated that rutting disease appeared even though the asphalt mixture was test qualified. With this instruction, the standard rutting test method has difficult in satisfying the complex working condition of asphalt pavement. In order to solve these, some new rutting test methods which are in accordance with privileged conditions have been proposed from theory and simulation test by many scholars’ deeper research, including lots of feasible methods. By summarized the new anti-rutting methods of asphalt pavements and described all kinds of basic principles and engineering applications, the deficiency of the new rutting test methods was pointed out and the development direction was proposed.
Analysis of Dynamic Response of Simply-Supported Girder Bridge in High-Speed Railway Based on the Moving Rows Mass-Spring Model
Authors: Wu Jin Feng , Zhang Zhi Jun , Li Xiao Zhen
Published: August 2012

The vibration theory of beam and D’Alembert principle are used to set up vehicle-bridge system for a simply-supported girder bridge under the moving rows mass-spring model. The kinematic equations of vehicle and bridge are derived separately. And with the force balanced relationship and the displacement compatibility conditions between wheels and rail, the equations of vehicle-bridge system are established. A calculating program is complicated with MATLAB language and solved by Newmark-β method. Results show that the effect of the damping ratio on the impact factor is significant and running speed of the vehicle is one of the main actors resulting in vibration of the system.
Effects of Vibration Frequency on Dynamic Properties of Undisturbed Structural Marine Soil
Authors: Chen Xiao Ling , Li Dong , Liu Rui Min
Published: August 2012

Due to influence by many factors like soil classification, viscosity property and vibration frequency, there is no common view yet about the effect of frequency on dynamic pore pressure and characteristics. In order to study the development of pore pressure, strain and dynamic strength of Hangzhou Bay undisturbed structural silty clay under different vibration frequencies, cyclic triaxial tests were performed. The test results indicate that the frequency has little influence on pore pressure and strain when they didn’t reach the threshold values, but once they exceeded the threshold values the frequency will has strong influence. There is critical cyclic stress ratio when the cyclic stress ratio has not reached that value, the frequency has no influence on dynamic strength. For the given cycles, the higher the frequency is, the bigger the dynamic strength is. And with the increment of frequency, the influence on dynamic is decreased eventually.
Analysis of Soil Arch under Dynamic Load
Authors: Li Mei Fang , Gong Quan Mei , Zhou Shun Hua
Published: August 2012

Aroused by the differential stiffness of pile and soil, the upper load on subgrade is apt to be transferred to pile rather than soil among piles in pile supported embankment(soil arching effect), which optimizes the load-transfer path and effectively limits total settlement of the subgrade. In this paper the properties of soil arch under dynamic load have been investigated by performing numerical studies using the Finite Element Method. The influence of stiffness difference between soil and pile on the soil arch is also proposed in this paper. According to the calculation results, the softer the soil between piles is, the larger proportion of load imposes on pile. Dynamic load has negative effects on the static soil arch, but it does not ruin the shape of the arch. Simultaneously, the larger N (the ratio of dynamic modulus of pile to that of soil)is, the weaker the negative effects of dynamic load on static soil arch are. The static soil arch (soil arch formed when the model only bears static load) has optimized the load transformation path, leading more load undertaken by the pile. Besides, When the stiffness difference between pile and soil among piles is relatively small, the height of soil arch increases sharply with the decrease of N; while when the stiffness difference reaches some certain value, the further increasing of N has little influence on soil arch’s height.
A Study on Lightweight Multifunctional Concrete Made Using Waste PET Bottles
Authors: Kitsutaka Yoshinori , Uchida Yuichi
Published: August 2012

Polyethylene terephthalate containers (PET bottles) are recycled into fibers and sheets, but the complicated process requires a high level of technology and large cost resulting in a low recycling rate of PET. Weight reduction of concrete has been demanded for certain uses. In view of this, lightweight concrete embedding raw PET bottles is conceivable. It may be used for void slabs and lightweight wall panels for dwelling units. Also such bottles filled with functional materials can add a new function to concrete. In this study, the basic physical properties of lightweight multifunctional concrete embedding used PET bottles were investigated. A method of placing concrete with embedded PET bottles was examined. PET bottles fixed to the mold at their caps withstood the impact and the pressure during concrete placing with no deformation and the filling capability of concrete was confirmed. The weight reduction of the reinforcing concrete panel embedding PET bottles was approximately 16%. The strength properties of concrete embedding PET bottles were examined and the compressive strength of the specimen embedding bottles with the smallest intervals between bottles was 55% of that of the solid concrete specimen.
Architectural Practice Inspired by Water Context
Authors: Wu Yong , Du Ming , Shen Li
Published: August 2012

The paper puts forward the design logic and methods for waterfront buildings through three examples of architectural practice, covering the fields from education, commerce to museum buildings, which are all inspired as well as influenced by water. By analyzing the relationship between water and architecture, the paper lists five aspects namely overall concept, circulation, function, space and landscape, in which the water context guides and decides the design process and outcome.
Influence of Substituting La with Pr on Electrochemical Characteristics of RE–Mg–Ni-Based A2B7-Type Alloys Prepared by Melt Spinning
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Yang Tai , Shang Hong Wei , Cai Ying , Ren Hui Ping , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: August 2012

The RE–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type La0.75−xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2 Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) electrode alloys were fabricated by casting and melt spinning. The microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of the as-cast and spun alloys were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure, consisting of two main phases (La, Mg)2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2. The substitution of Pr for La results in a notable grain refinement of the as-cast alloys without altering the phase structure of the alloys. The discharge capacity of the alloys first rises and then falls with the variation of the Pr content. As Pr content grows from 0 to 0.4, the discharge capacity increases from 389.4 (x = 0) to 392.4 (x = 0.1) and then drops to 383.7 mAh/g (x = 0.4) for the as-cast alloy. And it mounts up from 393.5 (x = 0) to 397.9 (x = 0.1) and then declines to 382.5 mAh/g for the as spun (5 m/s) alloys. Furthermore, the measurements of the electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics reveal that the high rate discharge ability (HRD), the limiting current density (IL) and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D) of the alloys first increases then decreases with the rising amount of Pr substitution.
Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs-TiO2: Ce/Fe Photocatalyst
Authors: Peng Wei , Li Da Guang , Fu Wei Qin , Zhang Xiao Feng
Published: August 2012

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), which was doped by Ce and Fe, was coated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through a conventional sol-gel method. We use IR to evaluate the possible functional groups and XRD, UV and SEM to characterize the structure and surface morphology of MWCNTs. The results suggest that the TiO2, which composed of nano-scale particles, was well coated on MWCNTs via chemistry bond. The visible light photo catalytic was mentioned of its red shift in UV spectrum. And we suggest that there may be a certain mechanism between TiO2and MWCNTs during visible light processing that MWCNTs has play an important role in red shift and visible light absorption.
Evaluation of A-TIG Flux on Dissimilar Welds between Mild Steel and Stainless Steel
Authors: Kuo Cheng Hsien , Tseng Kuang Hung , Tsai Yao Long , Chou Chang Pin
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of activated fluxes on the weld morphology, angular distortion, and mechanical properties obtained with activated tungsten inert gas (TIG) process applied to the welding of 6 mm thick mild steel and stainless steel plates. A novel variant of the TIG welding, specific oxides were applied to mild steel and stainless steel through a thin layer of the flux to produce a butt joint. The CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 fluxes used were packed in powdered form. The experimental results indicated that the SiO2, Fe2O3, and Cr2O3 fluxes can increase joint penetration and weld depth-to-width ratio. The reversed Marangoni convection are considered to the main factors for increasing penetration of A-TIG on dissimilar welds in this study. Furthermore, TIG welding with SiO2 powder can significantly reduce the angular distortion of the dissimilar weldment.
Oxidation Behavior of Ternary Co-10Cr-5Al Alloys at 700 and 800°C
Authors: Xiang Jun Huai , Zhang Hong Hua , Bai Ling Yun , Li Yi
Published: August 2012

The kinetics and products of oxidation of ternary Co-10Cr-5Al alloys in 1 atm of pure O2 at 700 and 800 oC were investigated. Oxidation of the alloys approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law. The scale formed at 700 oC was composed of an outer CoO layer and an inner complex layer rich in Al2O3 and Cr2O3 which were intermingled with spinel Co(Cr, Al)2O4. There was no internal oxidation zone beneath the scale. However, as shown by Fig. 3. b, internal oxidation zone of Al or even Cr was obviously present beneath the scale formed at 800 oC, though the scale was of a similar microstructure with that at 700 oC.
Simulation of the Mixing in a Novel Fully Wiped Co-Rotating Non-Twin Screws
Authors: Xu Bai Ping , Yu Hui Wen
Published: August 2012

This work aims at simulation of the mixing performance in the novel co-rotating non-twin screw group developed by the authors. The simulation concerns the incompressible fluid obeying Carreau flow model. Using the mesh superposition technique, the mixing performance in such novel mixing sections, as well as in the conventional twin screw groups with one and two tips, are simulated. Adopting the particle tracking technique, distributive mixing is visualized by the evolution of the mixing of a cluster of particles in addition to using the segregation scale. Dispersive mixing is evaluated using mixing index in combination with the probability distributions of cumulative mixing index. The computational results reveal that the novel screw group is superior in mixing ability.
Flash-Point Prediction of Binary Partially Miscible Aqueous-Organic Mixtures from UNIFAC Group Contribution Methods
Authors: Tsai Tsung Pin , Liaw Horng Jang
Published: August 2012

Flash point is one of the most important variables used to characterize fire and explosion hazard of liquids. This paper predicts the flash point of binary partially miscible aqueous mixtures by using the flash point prediction model of Liaw et al. handling non-ideal behavior through liquid phase activity coefficients evaluated with UNIFAC-type models, which do not need experimentally regressed binary parameters. Validation of this entirely predictive model is conclusive with the experimental data over the entire flammable composition range. Overall, the proposed method predicted the experimental data very well. Potential application for this approach concerns the classification of flammable liquid mixtures in the implementation of GHS.
The Detectable Radius of an Oil Well Considering Pressure Gauge Resolution Ratio
Authors: Shi Jun Tai , Li Xiang Fang , Zhang Lei , Ren Wei Na , Li Le Zhong , Du Hui
Published: August 2012

For a case of constant-rate liquid production from a single well centered in a horizontal, homogeneous-acting, isopachous, and infinite reservoir, based on fundamentals of fluid flow in porous media the bottom hole flowing pressure never stabilize. In the process of field well testing, however, pressure values measured by the pressure gauge which has a definite resolution value will not change after a period, so the bottom hole flowing pressure can be considered to be stabilized. According to this situation, through theoretical derivation, a stabilized time formula is firstly proposed, by which the time after which the bottom hole flowing pressure measured with a pressure gauge will be stabilized can be calculated, and the stabilized time for a given pressure gauge is in direct proportion to the liquid producing rate, but in inverse proportion to the resolution ratio of the pressure gauge. Applied the stabilized time formula, a new formula of detectable radius can be derived, by which the effect of resolution of the pressure gauge can be considered. Secondly, the time after which the value of the pressure gauge measured in the bottom hole of the observation well starts to change during interference testing is obtained, and the time is related to the fluid flow rate and the distance between the producing well and the observation well. The conclusion can be applied as a reference in the design process of working system during well testing.
Comparative Experimental Study on Performance of Corrugated Tube and Straight Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Lu Lin Ping , Ying Liang
Published: August 2012

The experiments on heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and thermal stress were done to heat exchangers with corrugated tubes and staight tubes. By analyising and comparing the heat transfer coeffient, pressure drop in tube side and shell side and axial force and stress, some conclusions can be conducted that the corrugated tube heat exchanger has better heat transfer coeffient, higher pressure drop and much lower stress caused by temperatur difference, also, it has obvious advantages under the circumstance of low Reynolds number and high temperature difference.
Fire and Thermal Hazard Analyses of Industrial Zeolite Catalysis for Phenol Production
Authors: Tsai Hsiu Fen , Guo Sy Jye , Wu Sheng Hung
Published: August 2012

Effective and significant improvement in the technology for the production of phenol has been made over the past decade. New catalysts and processes have been employed to produce a great deal of phenol in the cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) industry. Fire and thermal explosion of CHP has occurred in Taiwan. Therefore, thermal hazard and reactive risk information has been analyzed in this research. Zeolite is employed as a catalyst for the CHP process. The aim of this investigation was to determine the inherent safety of the phenol production process. Effective manufacturing of phenol and safe handling procedures are significant issues for industrial applications. In view of loss prevention, calorimetric application and model evaluations to integrate thermal hazard development are necessary and useful for inherently safer design.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Hyperbranched Poly(Diethynylbenzene-Silane)
Authors: Zou Yan , Qi Hui Min , Xu Mei Ling , Huang Fa Rong , Du Lei
Published: August 2012

Hyperbranched poly(diethynylbenzene-silane) (hb-PDEBS) was synthesized through polycondensation reaction of diethynylbenzene Grignard reagent (A2) and trichlorosilane (B3), and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC and Elemental Analysis. The degree of branching of hb-PDEBS was defined by 29Si-NMR and calculated to be about 0.68. The curing behavior of hb-PDEBS was investigated by DSC. Thermal stability of cured hb-PDEBS was examined by TGA, and its residue at 1000°C under nitrogen was 80.6%. Hb-PDEBS displayed a strong absorption due to π-π* transition and exhibited the most intensity structured emission with a maximum around 500 nm.
Calculation for Precise Determination of Adsorption Equilibrium Isotherms of Pollutants on Soil and Bio-Sorbents
Authors: Liu Yu Yu , Qiao Jin Li
Published: August 2012

The adsorption is a physico-chemical process in soil and aqueous environment. Precise determination of adsorption equilibrium isotherms of pollutants helps to understand their potential damages to environment. In this work, how solution pH and the Solid/Liquid (S/L) phase ratio affect the precision degree of results as to pollutants on adsorbents were investigated by calculating the relative deviation (R.D.) of the amount of adsorption (qe). Results show that the R.D. of qe might increases adversely with solution pH, and both pH and the concentrations of pollutants (Ce) should be carefully measured. The degree of the influence of the S/L phase ratio is greatly determined by the adsorption coefficient Kd.
The Effect of CaCl2 on the Solution Behavior of Aromatic Polysulfonamide in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Yu You Xia , Zhu Xin Jun , Wang Rui , Chen Sheng Hui , Lu Shun Xing , Wang Feng Hua , Zhang Yu Mei , Wang Hua Ping
Published: August 2012

The solution behavior of aromatic polysulfonamide (PSA) in dimethylformamide (DMF) with the addition of CaCl2 was studied by rheology and viscosity measurements. It is shown that no maximum in its intrinsic viscosity as a function of CaCl2 concentration was observed and the relationship between ηsp and PSA concentration c is consistent with the predicted scaling of θ solvent for both DMF and DMF/4% CaCl2. However, the intrinsic viscosity, zero shear-rate viscosity and specific viscosity of PSA/DMF/4% CaCl2 were found larger than that of PSA/DMF, which could be related to the extending of PSA chain in solution due to the increase of the interaction between the PSA macromolecules and solvent with addition of CaCl2.
Synthesis of Wood Lignin-Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesive
Authors: Wang Zhe , Xue Jing Wen , Qu Jian Bo , Liu Wen Xia
Published: August 2012

Lignin-urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive was synthesized with alkali lignin from gramineae waste pulping liquor. Alkali lignin was purified and hydroxymethylated with HCHO and then crosslinked with urea-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl alcohol and melamine. Results showed that lignin content in purified alkali lignin was 86.91%, both binding strength and free HCHO content of urea-formaldehyde resin synthesized from hydroxymethylated lignin reached the optimum value. The proper lignin amount for preparing resin was 30%, and the binding strength at this condition was 4.56MPa, and free formaldehyde content was 0.049%.
Hierarchical Control Based Virtual Coordinated Synchronization of Chemical Auto Catalytic Reaction Networks
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: August 2012

This paper suggests the concept of hierarchical control based virtual coordinated synchronization of chemical auto catalytic reaction networks. Under the new framework, the virtual coordinated variable is introduced, which is the average of the ensemble of the corresponding auto catalytic reaction networks, and on account of that, synchronization becomes possible. Unlike the already existing results, the average of the virtual coordinated variable is injected into the every auto catalytic reaction networks. And for the virtual coordinated construction has a lot of flexibility, so the suggested scheme can be easily extended to the multi-purposes control of the auto catalytic reaction networks.
Preparation, Characterization of Co3O4 Nano-Particles and its Catalytic Effect on the Combustion of Fuel Rich Propellants
Authors: Pang Wei Qiang , Shi Xiao Bing , Li Yang
Published: August 2012

The mono-dispersed Co3O4 nano-particles were prepared by means of solid phase synthetical method. The particle size, specific surface area, crystal structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by laser particle size analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The catalytic effects of nano-particles on the combustion of fuel rich propellant were investigated. The results show that the Co3O4 nano-particles prepared are uniform and with relatively wide size distribution curve. The catalytic effect of Co3O4 nano-particles on the fuel rich propellant is stronger than those of micro-sized Co3O4 particles and CuO nano-particles.
Crystallization Behavior of Heat-Treated Basalt Fiber
Authors: Wang Ning , Hou Shuen , Jin Hong Yun
Published: August 2012

Crystallization of the basalt fibers can reduce their mechanical property. This paper is devoted to understand the crystallization behavior of basalt fiber and its control conditions. Basalt fibers were heated at 700, 750, 800, 900, 1000, 1050 °C for 2h, then cooled down to room temperature in air. The crystallization behavior of basalt fiber was investigated by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results indicate that diopside and anorthite phases appeared during crystallization process and the absorption bands of heat-treated samples in FTIR spectra split and become relatively sharp.
Comparative Study of p-nitrophenyl picolinate Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Bis(O,O’-di(2-phenylalkyl)dithiophosphate) nickel(II)
Authors: Jiang Bing Ying , Feng Fa Mei , Wang Min , Li Ci , Xie Jia Qing
Published: August 2012

The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) catalyzed by two nickel (II) complexes (bis(O,O’-di(2-phenylmethyl) dithiophosphate) nickel(II) (NiR1) and bis(O,O’-di(2-phenylethyl) dithiophosphate) nickel(II) (NiR2)) was investigated kinetically in this work. The results indicate that both metal complexes accelerate the hydrolysis of PNPP dramatically and the NiR1 exhibits higher catalytic function on PNPP hydrolysis in the buffered solution with relatively low pH values, while NiR2 shows slightly more efficacy on hydrolysis of PNPP in relatively high pH buffered solutions. This variance is ascribed to the synergism effect of space hindrance of the complexes and the nucleophilic attack of metal-hydroxy species generated by the complexes.
Study on Making Low Density Printing Paper with Aspen BECMP as the Main Pulp
Authors: Lu Wei , Zhou Yang , Zhang Jun Qing , Yue Jin Quan
Published: August 2012

Low density printing paper was widely used in printing best-seller at present. Besides of high bulk, good stiffness, soft color, it also had some advantages, such as reducing user’s load, protecting eyes, extending the storage time etc. Quality index of domestic low density printing paper was lower than foreign index. The gap mainly expressed on tensile index specially. This study used Aspen BECMP as main pulp, as a result of its higher strength, lower cost and other advantages comparing with PRC-APMP. Here we discussed three pulps ratio to make low density printing paper. The results of experiment indicated that using Aspen BECMP was able to make low density printing paper by adding certain amount chemistry pulp. Moreover, the best bulk value can up to 2.45cm3/g, and the tensile index was 36.08Nm/g.
Effect of Aging Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr In Situ Composite Produced by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Wei Wei , Wei Kun Xia , Alexandrov Igor V. , Du Qing Bo , Hu Jing
Published: August 2012

The effect of aging treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr in situ composite produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated here. The rotation and spreading of Cr particles was observed in Cu-5.7%Cr alloy during the ECAP, resulting in long thin in situ filaments. The equiaxed grains of the Cu phase with an average size of 200 nm were developed after eight passes of ECAP. When aging at 400~450 °C for 1 h, Cu-5.7%Cr composite after ECAP shows the maximum microhardness, and the electrical conductivity is larger than 70% of IACS. At 400 °C, the peak aging time appears for 0.5~2 h, dependent on the pre-strain for all ECAP samples. With the increase of ECAP passes, the enhancement of tensile strength due to the aging treatment declines, and even shows negative after eight passes of ECAP. The combination of ECAP and aging treatment would be a promising process to balance mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-5.7%Cr composite.
Antitumor Activity and Possible Mechanism of Crude Polysaccharides from Discorea bulbifera L. on the Mice Bearing U14 Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Cui Hong Xia
Published: August 2012

To explore the antitumor activity of crude polysaccharides of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DBLP) and its possible mechanism, the effects of DBLP on the tumor growth in vivo, thymus and spleen weight were examined. Apoptosis of thymus, spleen and tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice was detected by the flow cytometry. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood was also determined by means of FACScan flow cytometer. Our results showed that U14 cervical carcinoma growth could be inhibited, thymus weight be increased, apoptosis of thymus and spleen be decreased, and apoptosis of tumor be increased by DBLP in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, DBLP had the abilities to reduce the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte according to CTX group. These results indicated that DBLP could suppress the cervical carcinoma through modulating immune response of the tumor-bearing mice and inducing apoptosis of tumor tissue.
Development of a New Adhesive Reagent for Shell Mold Having High Adhesive Strength
Authors: Kim Eun Hee , Jo Geon Ho , Lee Je Hyun , Lu Zhe , Jung Yeon Gil
Published: August 2012

A new adhesive reagent has been developed for the fabrication of shell mold with the adhesive strength under high temperature. The new adhesive reagent was prepared by mixing inorganic precursors of alkyl silicate and sodium alkoxide, starting particle composed of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) used as substrate in the conventional mold process, and colloidal silica. Inorganic precursor was used to increase the adhesive strength of mold, resulting from the glass phase generated by the sol-gel reaction and glassification of precursors. In addition, colloidal silica and starting particle were added to control the viscosity of adhesive reagent, inducing the availability of adhesive reagent. In the case of mold sample adjoined by the new adhesive reagent the glass phase is well formed at the interface between adhesive reagent and substrate, compared with those made with the conventional adhesive reagents such as a mortar and a sand bond. This leads to the increase in the adhesive strength of shell mold, preventing the collapse of the mold at a high temperature during casting process. Therefore, the new adhesive reagent could desirably prepare shell mold without an additional process to enhance the adhesive strength in the conventional casting process.
Phase Structure of Acrylic Fibers Processed with Ionic Liquid as Solvent
Authors: Yin Xue Min , Zhang Li , Zhu Xin Jun , Wang Hua Ping , Zhang Yu Mei
Published: August 2012

The acrylic fibers were prepared by dry-jet wet spinning technology from polyacrylinitrile (PAN) /1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) solution for the investigation of phase structure changing with drawing in boiling water. The DMA, WAXD and stress-strain measurements were conducted. It is shown that only a single Tg was observed from DMA and the paracrystalline structure was shown from WAXD. Although the the crystallinity and orientation increased with increasing draw ratio, the high crystallinity of the pre-drawn fiber indicates that the ordered structure was formed in the pre-drawn fiber by the high pre-drawn ratio (3.5) during the dry-jet wet spinning from high-viscosity PAN/[BMIM]Cl solution. It is also found that the initial modulus, ultimate elongation and tenacity increased with the increase of draw ratio.
Comparative Evaluation of Total Flavonoid Contents in Different Parts of Ficus microcarpa
Authors: Lin Qiang , Du Hao Yue , Liu You Bin , Chen Yu Kai , Xu Jing
Published: August 2012

This study was designed to comparative evaluate total flavonoid contents (TFC) in leaf, aerial root, twig, root and bark parts of Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceace). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was adopted using benign solvent: ethanol and water to determine the extraction efficiency under the condition of ethanol concentration 40%, solid/liquid ratio of 1:25, extraction time 35 min and extraction temperature at 60 °C. According to the experimental results, the TFC values varied considerably and the extraction yield of 2.67±0.02%, 3.70±0.043%, 2.99±0.04%, 6.56±0.83% and 4.26±0.18% were obtained from different parts, respectively. The root part was characterized as containing a high amount of flavonoids, which might be the active compounds responsible for the pharmaceutical properties of the plant. The study offers theoretic basis for further utilization of the traditional folk herb F. microcarpa.
Preparation and Characterization of Cefradine/Montmorillionite Composites
Authors: Wang Lan , Guo Wen Ji , Zhao Yan Zhao
Published: August 2012

The objective of this paper was to prepare the composite of crefradine/montmorillionite in the method of solution intercalation. The drug load and intercalation rate varied with the drug concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (TG-DSC) were applied to characterize composite mentioned above. Together with drug release tests, results indicate cefradine intercalated into montmorillionite.The release profiles of cefradine/MMT in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37°Cduring 10h are shown in Fig. 4. The amount of cefradine in the beginning 2h came up to 35% and 50%, and in the following time, cefradine released slowly. The release behaviors met the requirements of sustained release.