bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐positive effects of ionizing radiation on pollen: The role of ROS
Authors: Stephan Octavian O. H.
Published: January 2024

The concept of ‘hormesis’ is defined as a dose–response relationship whereby low doses of various toxic substances or physical stressors trigger bio‐positive effects in diverse biological systems, whereas high doses cause inhibition of cellular performance (e.g. growth, viability). The two‐sided phenomenon of specific low‐dose stimulation and high‐dose inhibition imposed by a ‘hormetic‐factor’ has been well documented in toxicology and pharmacology. Multitudinous factors have been identified that correspondingly cause hormetic effects in diverse taxa of animals, fungi, and plants. This study particularly aims to elucidate the molecular basis for stimulatory implications of ionizing radiation (IR) on plant male gametophytes (pollen). Beyond that, this analysis impacts general research on cell growth, plant breeding, radiation protection, and, in a wider sense, medical treatment. For this purpose, IR‐related data were surveyed and discussed in connection with the present knowledge about pollen physiology. It is concluded that IR‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a key role here. Moreover, it is hypothesized that IR‐exposure shifts the ratio between diverse types of ROS in the cell. The interrelation between ROS, intracellular Ca2+‐gradient, NADPH oxidases, ROS‐scavengers, actin dynamics, and cell wall properties are most probably involved in IR‐hormesis of pollen germination and tube growth. Modulation of gene expression, phytohormone signalling, and cellular antioxidant capacity are also implicated in IR‐hormesis.
Elder abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Yalçın Gürsoy Melike , Uçan Yamaç Sabriye
Published: January 2024

Background

Elder abuse as an important public health issue is associated in the literature with various physical and psychological symptoms. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress in the elderly living in the community.

Method

The cross‐sectional study was completed with 729 older people. Data were collected through a face‐to‐face interview and a survey form. The Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS) was used to evaluate elder abuse and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21) was used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results

Of the participants, 20.9% were exposed to at least one type of abuse, 9.2% experienced physical abuse, 18.2% experienced psychological abuse, 4.4% experienced neglect, and 7.0% had financial abuse. The general prevalence of moderate to very severe depression, anxiety, and stress among the elderly was respectively 17.1%, 16%, and 10%. As a result of multivariate analysis it was determined that neglect (t = 6245; ß = 4952) and economic abuse (t = 3865; ß = 3350) had statistically significant effects on depression; psychological abuse (t = 2924; ß = 0,992), economic abuse (t = 3127; ß = 3517) and neglect (t = 5913; ß = 4810) had statistically significant effects on anxiety, while psychological (t = 5023; ß = 1756) and economic abuse (t = 5719; ß = 5238) had statistically significant effects on stress (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

As a result of the study, it was seen that the prevalence of abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress was high in the elderly. There was also a strong relationship between types of elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that health professionals working with older people to screen them for types of abuse and mental symptoms with the help of appropriate screening tools.
Development of alternative diagnosis of HH1, HH3, HH5 and HCD fertility haplotypes and subfertility syndrome in cattle
Authors: Shormanova Marzhan , Makhmutov Abzal , Shormanova Aizhamal , Muslimova Zhadyra , Ussenbekov Yessengali
Published: January 2024

The increasing prevalence of hereditary anomalies in Holstein cattle populations presents a pressing issue, leading to concerns such as embryonic mortality and the birth of non‐viable offspring. This study addresses the urgency of managing harmful genetic mutations in Holstein cattle by developing alternative diagnostic methods. The research aims to devise effective means to diagnose fertility haplotypes HH1, HH3, HH5, HCD and BY and subfertility syndrome in cattle. To achieve this goal, a range of molecular genetic techniques were employed, including Tetra‐Primer ARMS‐PCR methods, PCR‐RFLP analysis and allele‐specific PCR. These methods facilitated the identification of heterozygous carriers of various fertility haplotypes and subfertility syndrome in Holstein cows and servicing bulls. The study reveals the prevalence of these genetic defects within the Republic of Kazakhstan's cattle population. HH1, HH3, HH5, HCD and BY fertility haplotypes were found to have occurrence rates ranging from 1.4% to 16.6%, with subfertility syndrome detected in 4.5% of Simmental bulls. The practical significance of this research lies in its contribution to genetic monitoring and management strategies for Holstein cattle populations. By introducing affordable, rapid and accurate diagnostic methods, such as the T‐ARMS‐PCR, the study provides a valuable tool for controlling and mitigating the spread of harmful genetic mutations, ultimately improving the overall genetic health and productivity of Holstein cattle in the region. This research addresses a critical need in the cattle breeding industry and underscores the importance of genetic monitoring to ensure the long‐term viability and sustainability of Holstein cattle populations.
Assessing above and belowground recovery from ammonium sulfate addition and wildfire in a lowland heath: mycorrhizal fungi as potential indicators
Authors: Kowal Jill , Pino‐Bodas Raquel , Arrigoni Elena , Delhaye Guillaume , Suz Laura M. , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Pressel Silvia
Published: January 2024

Atmospheric pollution containing soil‐nitrifying ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) affects semi‐natural ecosystems worldwide. Long‐term additions of (NH₄)₂SO₄ to nitrogen (N)‐limited habitats, including heathlands, increase climate stress affecting recovery from wildfires. Although heathland vegetation largely depends on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ErM) to access soil N, we lack detailed understanding of how prolonged exposure to (NH₄)₂SO₄ may alter ErM community composition and host plants' reliance on fungal partners following wildfire and affect recovery. Simulation of atmospheric pollution ((NH₄)₂SO₄) occurred bi‐weekly for 5 years after a 2006 wildfire in a UK heathland. Ten years after treatments ceased, we measured vegetation structure, lichen and lichen photobiont composition, soil characteristics, ErM colonization, ErM diversity in roots and soil, and assessed ErM potential as novel recovery indicators. Heather height and density, and moss groundcover, were greater in N‐enriched plots. Lichen community indices showed significant treatment effects, but without differences in photobionts. Soil pH and Mg were significantly lower in treated plots while soil cation exchange capacity was significantly higher. There were no detectable differences in ErM composition and keystone ErM taxa between control and treated plots. Soil carbon stock measures were variable. Our results indicate atmospheric pollution following fire can have significant lingering effects above‐ and belowground. ErM diversity and root colonization were not assessed in the original N‐addition experiment; we advocate for their inclusion in future studies as an integral part of the recovery assessment toolkit. We show that mycorrhizal fungi diversity is a viable ecological tool and summarize key steps for ErM identification.
Global well‐posedness and long‐time behavior in a tumor invasion model with cross‐diffusion
Authors: Jin Chunhua
Published: January 2024

This paper is concerned with a cross‐diffusion tumor invasion model with double‐taxis effect. We first investigate the global existence of classical solutions of this model in two‐dimensional space. The essential difficulty lies in the second‐level taxis effect of immune cells on tumor cells, where chemotactic factor (tumor cells) exhibit their own taxis behavior, the double‐taxis effect makes us have to use more detailed analysis and calculation, and some new estimation techniques are used. Subsequently, we also investigate the stability of some equilibria. For small proliferation coefficient, we prove the global asymptotic stability or local asymptotic stability of a semitrivial equilibrium point. While, for the other equilibria, the stability analysis is complicated even for some special cases, and both the double chemotactic coefficients will affect the stability of the solution.
The Professional Nurse Self‐Assessment Scale II – Translation and cultural adaptation for Nordic countries
Authors: Anåker Anna , Fagerström Lisbeth , Wangensteen Sigrid , Andersen Irene Aasen , Henriksen Jette , Svavarsdóttir Margrét Hrönn , Thorsteinsson Hrund Scheving , Strandell‐Laine Camilla
Published: January 2024

Background

It is important to map the clinical competence of newly graduated nurses in Nordic countries. The use of a common Nordic instrument could provide insights into nurses' levels of self‐assessed clinical competence and perceptions of their need for professional development.

Aim

To translate and culturally adapt the original Norwegian version of the Professional Nurse Self‐Assessment Scale II (PROFFNurse SAS II) into (1) Danish, (2) Finnish and (3) Icelandic versions.

Method

The PROFFNurse SAS II was translated and cross‐culturally adapted. This translation was inspired by the process used in the Guidelines for Cross‐Cultural Adaptation.

Result

The translation and cultural adaptation processes employed the required steps and provided specific details. In addition, practical issues encountered during the translation process while translating and adapting instruments that may influence future translations were revealed. This study found that having a professional bilingual/bicultural agency translator was partly problematic in the process of translation and found that it is important to adjust the translations to each country's specific words used in nursing.

Conclusion

Translating the PROFFNurse SAS II instrument into all Nordic languages enables us to use the instrument from a Nordic perspective and across various countries. This is important when comparing self‐awareness and reflecting on nurses' clinical competencies. Professional development is central to valuing and developing clinical competence and allowing for the discovery of gaps in clinical competence.
A sports‐related injury prevention program for Dutch youth volleyball players: Process evaluation alongside a quasi‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nauta Joske , de Klerk Cindy , van Nassau Femke , Kemler Ellen , Zuidema Victor , de Wit Jacqueline , Verhagen Evert , Vriend Ingrid
Published: January 2024

Objective

This process evaluation aimed to gain insight into the implementation of the VolleyVeilig Youth program by Dutch volleyball clubs within the context of an effectiveness trial.

Methods

We applied the UK Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations and assessed the context, implementation and mechanisms of impact. Trainers participating in the effectiveness trial were asked to complete a questionnaire at the end of the study. A subsample of the trainers based on the self‐reported adherence score was invited to participate in an interview accordingly. We used a thematic analysis to present the data.

Results

Thirty‐one trainers (100%) completed the questionnaire, and seven agreed to participate in an interview. Although adherence gradually decreased over the volleyball season, most trainers reported partially adhere with the program until the end of the study. The main themes included factors associated with the (1) VolleyVeilig Youth program, (2) trainer, (3) players, and (4) volleyball club.

Conclusion

Although (partial) adherence to the VolleyVeilig Youth program was high in this study, implementation strategies must be developed to target the barriers reported by the trainers before the program can be successfully implemented nationwide in the Netherlands.
Metabolite‐mediated adaptation of crops to drought and the acquisition of tolerance
Authors: Zhang Fei , Rosental Leah , Ji Boming , Brotman Yariv , Dai Mingqiu
Published: January 2024

Drought is one of the major and growing threats to agriculture productivity and food security. Metabolites are involved in the regulation of plant responses to various environmental stresses, including drought stress. The complex drought tolerance can be ascribed to several simple metabolic traits. These traits could then be used for detecting the genetic architecture of drought tolerance. Plant metabolomes show dynamic differences when drought occurs during different developmental stages or upon different levels of drought stress. Here, we reviewed the major and most recent findings regarding the metabolite‐mediated plant drought response. Recent progress in the development of drought‐tolerant agents is also discussed. We provide an updated schematic overview of metabolome‐driven solutions for increasing crop drought tolerance and thereby addressing an impending agricultural challenge.
Peripheral blood stem cell collection: Are midline catheters a viable alternative to central venous catheters?
Authors: Tran Minh‐Ha , Tajonera Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Background

Vascular access is a rate‐limiting step for peripheral blood stem cell collection. In the absence of readily accessible superficial veins, placement of tunnelled or non‐tunnelled central venous catheters (CVCs) is common. These invasive access routes create medical risks for patients and are associated with logistical challenges, thus prompting a search for alternatives. One such option is the off‐label use of midline catheters.

Study design and methods

We carried out a literature search for published experience with the use of midline catheters for peripheral blood stem cell collection. Data extracted included whether collections were allogeneic or autologous, donor sex, age and weight, inlet flow rate, total blood volumes (TBV) processed, collection duration, number of collections per donor, and achievement of collection targets.

Results

The search produced three reports (one in abstract form) comprising 19 patients and 26 collection events. Donor sex and status were provided for 18 patients; 10 were female, 8 were male, 12 were allogeneic, and 6 autologous. Median (range) for: donor age was 28 (12–59); donor body weight (kg) was 77.5 (45.4–113.4); inlet flow rate (in mL/min) was 66 (28–80); TBV processed (in mL) was 15,880 (6178–21,871); collection duration (in hours) was 5.0 (3.2–7.0); and CD34 × 106/kg collection yield was 5.9 (3.6–23.0). Target CD34 yields were achieved in 14/19 (74%) of donors with 7/19 (37%) requiring two collections days.

Discussion

Peripheral blood stem cell collection does appear to be viable via midline‐based catheter access, particularly for allogeneic donors and shorter collection courses. Development of institution‐specific guidelines and care pathways are recommended.
Effect of proteasome inhibitors on canine lymphoma cell response to CHOP chemotherapy in vitro
Authors: Prevedel Nicholas E. , Mee Miles W. , Wood Geoffrey A. , Coomber Brenda L.
Published: January 2024

The standard treatment for canine lymphoma is the CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Proteasome inhibitors have been employed with CHOP for the treatment of human haematological malignancies but remain to be fully explored in canine lymphoma. We identified an association between poor response to CHOP chemotherapy and high mRNA expression levels of proteasomal subunits in a cohort of 15 canine lymphoma patients, and sought to determine the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the viability of a canine B‐cell lymphoma cell line (CLBL‐1). The aim of this study was to investigate whether proteasome inhibitors sensitize these cells to the CHOP agents doxorubicin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide (as 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide/4‐HC). CLBL‐1 cells were sensitive to proteasome inhibition by bortezomib and ixazomib. The IC50 of bortezomib was 15.1 nM and of ixazomib was 59.14 nM. Proteasome inhibitors plus doxorubicin had a synergistic effect on CLBL‐1 viability; proteosome inhibitors plus vincristine showed different effects depending on the combination ratio, and there was an antagonistic effect with 4‐HC. These results may have clinical utility, as proteasome inhibition could potentially be used with a synergizing CHOP compound to improve responsiveness to chemotherapy for canine lymphoma patients.
Prevalence and Health Associations of Meeting the World Health Organization Guidelines for Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in Preschool-Aged Children: The SUNRISE Mongolia Pilot and Feasibility Study
Authors: Byambaa Ankhmaa , Dechinjamts Oyundelger , Jambaldorj Bayasgalan , Jones Rachel A. , Chong Kar Hau , Okely Anthony D.
Published: January 2024

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding 24-hour movement behaviors of young children from low- and middle-income countries. This study examined Mongolian preschoolers’ adherence to the World Health Organization’s guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep; their associations with health indicators, and the feasibility of the SUNRISE International study in Mongolia. Methods: Preschool-aged children were recruited from 5 kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Ulaanbaatar city and Tuv province in Mongolia. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured by an ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 5 consecutive days. Screen time and sleep were reported by parents. The National Institute of Health and Early Years Toolboxes were used to assess motor skills and executive function, respectively. Results: One hundred and one children participated in the study (mean age = 4.82 y, boys = 58), with 88% (n = 89) having complete data for analysis. The proportion of children who met the recommendations for physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep was 61%, 23%, and 82%, respectively. Only 7% met all recommendations. Meeting the sleep recommendation individually (P = .032) and in combination with the physical activity recommendation was associated with better gross (P = .019) and fine (P = .042) motor skills. Spending more time in physical activity was positively correlated with motor development. Results confirmed that the SUNRISE study protocol was feasible, age-appropriate, and enjoyable for children. Conclusions: The results of the SUNRISE pilot study will help inform the SUNRISE Mongolia main study and lay the groundwork for future research into children’s 24-hour movement behaviors in Mongolia.
A Penny for Your Thoughts: Athletes’ and Trainee Sport Psychologists’ Internal Dialogue During Consultations
Authors: Tod David , McEwan Hayley E. , Whitehead Amy E. , Marchant Daryl
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the internal dialogue of trainee sport psychologists (TSPs) and athletes immediately following athlete–practitioner consultations. TSPs (four male and three female, age 22–32 years) and athletes (four male, three female, age 19–29 years) completed a thought-listing procedure twice, while watching video recordings of their previous consultations. The thought-listing procedure involved participants’ pausing the video to record the in-session internal dialogue they had experienced during the consultation. Participants’ responses were categorized into six dimensions: time, place, focus, locus, orientation, and mode. TSPs’ and athletes’ retrospective accounts provided evidence that their in-session internal dialogue was (a) present focused, (b) about in-session material, (c) about the athletes or themselves, (d) about internal and external events, (e) professional (i.e., related to the session), and (f) neutral. Findings provide trainees and inexperienced practitioners with insights into the thought content of TSPs and athletes to guide their own athlete interactions.
Kenshi’s Experiences of Sword Fighting in Kendo: The Way of Ippon With Soul, Sword, and Body
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Jensen Peter R. , Wrisberg Craig A.
Published: January 2024

In response to recent calls for promoting the contextual intelligence of sport psychology practitioners, the aim of the current study was to obtain the first-person competitive experiences of kendo fighters (i.e., kenshi). Existential phenomenological interviews were conducted with eight competitive Japanese-American kenshi residing in the United States. The findings of thematic analysis indicated that the participants possessed a strong commitment to earning ippon (i.e., a valid point), which was achieved by a subjective synchronization of mind, sword, and body in the execution of a strike against an opponent. They considered this to be a transformative experience, which elevated them perceptually out of the sporting context to a momentary sense of “cutting” the opponent with a real sword. The current findings also offer sport psychology consultants possible context-specific insights (e.g., importance of seme) and strategies (e.g., management of attentional focus, self-regulation techniques) for assisting kenshi in preparing for competitive situations.
Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection elicits CD8
+
T cell responses recognizing the spike of later Omicron subvariants
Authors: Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim Jihye , Jung Sungmin , Noh Ji Yun , Kim Jinnam , Park Heedo , Song Young Goo , Peck Kyong Ran , Park Su-Hyung , Park Man-Seong , Ko Jae-Hoon , Song Joon Young , Choi Jun Yong , Jung Min Kyung , Shin Eui-Cheol
Published: January 2024

Here, we examine peripheral blood memory T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 variant spike among vaccinated individuals with or without Omicron breakthrough infections. We provide evidence supporting a lack of original antigenic sin in CD8
+
T cell responses targeting the spike. We show that BNT162b2-induced memory T cells respond to the BA.4/BA.5 spike. Among individuals with BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infections, IFN-γ–producing CD8
+
T cell responses against the BA.4/BA.5 spike increased. In a subgroup with BA.2 breakthrough infections, IFN-γ–producing CD8
+
T cell responses against the BA.2-mutated spike region increased and correlated directly with responses against the BA.4/BA.5 spike, indicating that BA.2 spike–specific CD8
+
T cells elicited by BA.2 breakthrough infection cross-react with the BA.4/BA.5 spike. We identified CD8
+
T cell epitope peptides that are present in the spike of BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 but not the original spike. These peptides are fully conserved in the spike of now-dominant XBB lineages. Our study shows that breakthrough infection by early Omicron subvariants elicits CD8
+
T cell responses that recognize epitopes within the spike of newly emerging subvariants.
Progress in assessing the impact of fire and water repellency on hillslopes
Authors: Weirich Frank , Neumann William , Brady Jordan , Weirich Frank A.
Published: January 2024

The biologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic effects of wildfire are complex and three dimensional, covering not only the burned surface but also extending down into the soil. Increasing recognition of the impact of climate change and shifting land-use patterns on the frequency and scale of wildfires has increased the level of concern and research into the impact of fire on landscapes. In this chapter, we (1) review the environmental factors that control the behavior of wildfire; (2) provide an assessment of the methods and challenges associated with evaluations of the role of water repellency in short- and longer-term postfire hillslope impacts and recovery rates; (3) discuss the utilization of a recently developed method for assessing postfire water repellency on hillslopes involving high-frequency ground-penetrating radar (HFGPR); and (4) note emerging methods available to help advance our understanding of the impact of fire and water repellency on hillslope biologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic processes that affect ecosystems.
Rehabilitation after Hypoxic and Metabolic Brain Injury in a Mountain Climber
Authors: Chen Henry Han , Lercara Charnette , Lee Vincent , Bushi Sharon
Published: January 2024

A patient in her 50s presented with altered mental status and shortness of breath at 4600 m elevation. After descent to the base of the mountain, the patient became comatose. She was found to have bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a serum sodium of 102 mEq/L. She was rapidly corrected to 131 mEq/L in 1 day. Initial MRI showed intensities in bilateral hippocampi, temporal cortex and insula. A repeat MRI 17 days post injury showed worsened intensities in the bilateral occipital lobes. On admission to acute rehabilitation, the patient presented with blindness, agitation, hallucinations and an inability to follow commands. Midway through her rehabilitation course, antioxidant supplementations were started with significant improvement in function. Rapid correction of hyponatraemia may cause central pontine myelinolysis or extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM). In some cases of hypoxic brain injury, delayed post-hypoxic leucoencephalopathy (DPHL) may occur. Treatment options for both disorders are generally supportive. This report represents the only documented interdisciplinary approach to treatment of a patient with DPHL and EPM. Antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial as a treatment option for both EPM and DPHL.
Peristomal cutaneous amebiasis causing rapidly progressive necrotic wound of a left lower quadrant end colostomy
Authors: Lai Debra , Kim Byung Kyu , Bastawrous Amir
Published: January 2024

Cutaneous amebiasis is a rare clinical entity caused by the invasive protozoan parasiteEntamoeba histolyticathat can be readily diagnosed with skin biopsy if suspected. It presents as a rapidly progressive and destructive ulceration with necrosis. A man in his 40s with metastatic rectal cancer who underwent palliative abdominal perineal resection with end colostomy in his left lower quadrant and on systemic chemotherapy developed progressive breakdown of his peristomal skin unresponsive to antibiotics that was then diagnosed to be cutaneous amebiasis. It is important to be aware of cutaneous amebiasis and include it in the differential diagnosis when peristomal wounds do not respond to treatment.
Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for primary dysmenorrhoea: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xinglin , Hao Xinyu , Liu Jian-hua , Huang Jian-peng
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess the relative benefits of various non-pharmacological interventions on treating primary dysmenorrhoea within a network meta-analysis.

Study design

Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Inclusion criteria

Randomised controlled trial involving patient with primary dysmenorrhoea and received non-pharmacological interventions.

Data sources

Four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched from inception to October first, 2022.

Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment

RoB 2.0 assessment tools was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.

Synthesis of results

Conventional meta-analysis was conducted by pairwise comparison between non-pharmacological therapy and control treatment. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted by the Aggregate Data Drug Information System Software based on the consistency or inconsistency model, and rank probability was used to indicate the priority of non-pharmacological therapy.

Results

33 studies involving eight non-pharmacological interventions were included. With regard to conventional meta-analysis, we selected Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as primary outcome to evaluate the pain intensity. The result showed that eight interventions (Exercise, Herb, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Topical heat, Acupressure, Yoga) displayed positive effect on reduction of menstrual pain compared with placebo or no treatment. A Bayesian network meta-analysis revealed that exercise −3.20 (95% CI −4.01 to −2.34), acupuncture −2.90 (95% CI −3.97 to −2.85) and topical heat −2.97 (95% CI −4.66 to −1.29) probably resulted in a reduction in pain intensity (VAS) .

Conclusions

Non-pharmacological interventions may result in a reduction or slight reduction in pain intensity compared with no treatment or placebo. Specifically, exercise and acupuncture are considered as potentially effective non-pharmacological treatments in short-term treatment. Indeed, larger and better methodological quality research is needed.

Trial registration number

CRD42022351021.
Sequential multiple assignment randomised trial to develop an adaptive mobile health intervention to increase physical activity in people poststroke in the community setting in Ireland: TAPAS trial protocol
Authors: Carr Emma , Whiston Aoife , O'Reilly Siobhan , O Donoghue Mairead , Cardy Nathan , Carter Daniel , Glynn Liam , Walsh Jane C , Forbes John , Walsh Cathal , McManus John , Hunter Andrew , Butler Mike , Paul Lorna , Fitzsimons Claire , Bernhardt Julie , Richardson Ita , Bradley James G , Salsberg Jon , Hayes Sara
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and disability globally. Participation in physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention in stroke care. Given the heterogeneous nature of stroke, PA interventions that are adaptive to individual performance are recommended. Mobile health (mHealth) has been identified as a potential approach to supporting PA poststroke. To this end, we aim to use a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomised Trial (SMART) design to develop an adaptive, user-informed mHealth intervention to improve PA poststroke.

Methods and analysis

The components included in the 12-week intervention are based on empirical evidence and behavioural change theory and will include treatments to increase participation in Structured Exercise and Lifestyle or a combination of both. 117 participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment components. At 6 weeks postinitial randomisation, participants will be classified as responders or non-responders based on participants’ change in step count. Non-responders to the initial treatment will be randomly assigned to a different treatment allocation. The primary outcome will be PA (steps/day), feasibility and secondary clinical and cost outcomes will also be included. A SMART design will be used to evaluate the optimum adaptive PA intervention among community-dwelling, ambulatory people poststroke.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the Health Service Executive Mid-Western Ethics Committee (REC Ref: 026/2022). The findings will be submitted for publication and presented at relevant national and international academic conferences

Trials registration number

NCT05606770.
Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires for clinical decision-making and psychological referral in ophthalmic care: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Fortini Stefania , Costanzo Eliana , Rellini Emanuela , Amore Filippo , Mariotti Silvio Paolo , Varano Monica , Parravano Mariacristina , Virgili Gianni , Bandello Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao , Turco Simona
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anxiety and depression on clinician decision-making in patients suffering from chronic eye disease in ophthalmological clinical practice.

Design and setting

This multicentre observational study, in collaboration with the WHO, included ophthalmologists and their patients affected by chronic eye disease. States of anxiety and depression were screened with specific questionnaires, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), self-administered by patients before the visit. In the present analysis, we report data from three major eye care centres in Italy between 2021 and 2022.

Primary and secondary outcomes

To assess self-reported changes in ophthalmologists’ clinical approach (communication style and their clinical-therapeutic strategies) and decisions after knowing questionnaire scores (primary aim), and to analyse the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores in patients with chronic eye diseases (secondary aim).

Results

41 ophthalmologists and 359 patients were included. The results from PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores showed critical depression and anxiety status scores (PHQ-9 ≥5 and GAD-7 ≥10) in 258 patients. In 74% of cases, no actions were taken by the ophthalmologists based on these scores; in 26% of cases, they changed their clinical approach; and in 14% of cases, they referred the patients for psychological/psychiatric evaluation.

Conclusions

States of anxiety and depression affect many patients with chronic eye conditions and need to be detected and managed early to improve patients’ well-being. Providing ophthalmologists with knowledge of their patients’ psychological conditions can change the clinical management and attitude towards referral for a psychological evaluation. Further studies are needed to expand our knowledge of how to raise awareness among ophthalmologists regarding multimorbidity of patients suffering from chronic eye diseases in order to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Women’s experiences of the diagnostic journey in uterine adenomyosis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Taylor Margaret A , Croudace Tim J , McBride Margot , Muir Fiona E
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Uterine adenomyosis is a benign gynaecological disease that causes physical and psychological problems, impacting on relationships. It is poorly understood and consequently may be diagnosed late. This protocol describes the process of conducting a systematic scoping review to retrieve and describe literature examining the daily experience and impact of living with uterine adenomyosis. It will explore the journey to diagnosis (and perceptions of what this process is like); identify the main concepts currently used in the literature and highlight gaps in knowledge for future research in relevant populations.

Methods and analysis

Using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, the population–concept–context approach is used to form clear review questions. A three-phase search strategy will locate published and unpublished evidence from multiple sources. All articles reporting on the personal experiences of women diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis will be considered. Findings from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method study designs from all settings will be included, not limited by geography but restricted to English. Documents will be screened by the primary researcher, supported by university supervisors. Search outputs will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 flow diagram. No formal quality appraisal will be conducted. Review findings will be descriptively collated and reported consistent with the Scoping Review Extension of the PRISMA checklist. Patient and public involvement engagement reflected a positive response for the project that this protocol supports.

Ethics and dissemination

As primary data will not be collected, formal ethical approval is not required. Prepared as part of a professional doctorate thesis, the findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, support groups and social media networks.
Evaluating the impact of a SIMPlified LaYered consent process on recruitment of potential participants to theStaphylococcus aureusNetwork Adaptive Platform trial: study protocol for a multicentre pragmatic nested randomised clinical trial (SIMPLY-SNAP trial)
Authors: Ong Sean W X , Lee Todd C , Fowler Robert A , Mahar Robert , Pinto Ruxandra L , Rishu Asgar , Petrella Lina , Whiteway Lyn , Cheng Matthew , McDonald Emily , Johnstone Jennie , Mertz Dominik , Kandel Christopher , Somayaji Ranjani , Davis Joshua S , Tong Steven Y C , Daneman Nick
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Informed consent forms (ICFs) for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) can be onerous and lengthy. The process has the potential to overwhelm patients with information, leading them to miss elements of the study that are critical for an informed decision. Specifically, overly long and complicated ICFs have the potential to increase barriers to trial participation for patients with mild cognitive impairment, those who do not speak English as a first language or among those with lower medical literacy. In turn, this can influence trial recruitment, completion and external validity.

Methods and analysis

SIMPLY-SNAP is a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, two-arm parallel-group superiority RCT, nested within a larger trial, theStaphylococcus aureusNetwork Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial. We will randomise potentially eligible participants of the SNAP trial 1:1 to a full-length ICF or a SIMPlified LaYered (SIMPLY) consent process where basic information is summarised with embedded hyperlinks to supplemental information and videos. The primary outcome is recruitment into the SNAP trial. Secondary outcomes include patient understanding of the clinical trial, patient and research staff satisfaction with the consent process, and time taken for consent. As an exploratory outcome, we will also compare measures of diversity (eg, gender, ethnicity), according to the consent process randomised to. The planned sample size will be 346 participants.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the ethics review board (Sunnybrook Health Sciences Research Ethics Board) at sites in Ontario. We will disseminate study results via the SNAP trial group and other collaborating clinical trial networks.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT06168474;www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Cleft lip and/or palate mortality trends in the USA: a retrospective population-based study
Authors: Huang Ryan S , Mihalache Andrew , Wong Riff Karen W Y
Published: January 2024

Background

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies worldwide. Although CL/P management may require a series of interventions, mortality resulting from CL/P alone is rare. This study aims to examine recent trends of CL/P mortality rates in the USA.

Methods

A retrospective population-based study was conducted using official US birth and death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2000 to 2019. Annual mortality rates per 1000 births with CL/P were calculated across sex and racial groups. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the effects of sex and race on the risk of mortality with CL/P, and linear regression models were used to examine temporal changes in mortality rate across sex and race.

Results

From 2000 to 2019, 1119 deaths occurred in patients with documented CL/P, for an overall incidence of 20.3 deaths per 1000 births with CL/P (95% CI 18.9 to 22.8). Of these, Patau syndrome was the listed cause of death in 167 cases (14.9%). Black individuals (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.01), Hispanic (1.54, 1.49 to 1.58) and American Indian individuals (1.28, 1.20 to 1.35) were at a greater risk of CL/P mortality compared with white individuals. Additionally, females were also at a greater risk (1.35, 1.21 to 1.49). A significant upward trend in CL/P mortality was observed in Hispanic (r2=0.70, p<0.01) and American Indian individuals (r2=0.81, p<0.01) from 2000 to 2019.

Conclusions

Cleft birth and mortality surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Future studies are required to understand the differences in CL/P mortality rates across various sociodemographic groups.
Behaviour of glued-laminated timber beams under impact loading
Authors: Wight Nicole , Viau Christian , Heffernan Patrick
Published: January 2024

Short duration loads, such as impact loading, have the potential to generate catastrophic effects on infrastructure and loss of life. Although design provisions for engineered wood products are included in Canada’s blast design standard, CSA S850, how these structural materials respond to blast and impact loads across a wide range of high strain rates has not been well documented. An experimental program was carried out using a newly established Drop Weight Impact Testing Facility to investigate the flexural behaviour of glued-laminated timber beams subjected to impact loading. High strain rates were generated, whereby the dynamic specimens were found to differ quantitatively and qualitatively from their quasi-static counterparts. Dynamic increase factors of 1.13 and 1.20 were observed on the peak resistance and initial stiffness, respectively. A single-degree-of-freedom model was developed and validated against the experimental test results, where it was found to accurately predict the displacement–time histories of the specimens until failure.
Modeling teams performance using deep representational learning on graphs
Authors: Carli Francesco , Foini Pietro , Gozzi Nicolò , Perra Nicola , Schifanella Rossano
Published: January 2024

Most human activities require collaborations within and across formal or informal teams. Our understanding of how the collaborative efforts spent by teams relate to their performance is still a matter of debate. Teamwork results in a highly interconnected ecosystem of potentially overlapping components where tasks are performed in interaction with team members and across other teams. To tackle this problem, we propose a graph neural network model to predict a team’s performance while identifying the drivers determining such outcome. In particular, the model is based on three architectural channels: topological, centrality, and contextual, which capture different factors potentially shaping teams’ success. We endow the model with two attention mechanisms to boost model performance and allow interpretability. A first mechanism allows pinpointing key members inside the team. A second mechanism allows us to quantify the contributions of the three driver effects in determining the outcome performance. We test model performance on various domains, outperforming most classical and neural baselines. Moreover, we include synthetic datasets designed to validate how the model disentangles the intended properties on which our model vastly outperforms baselines.
Fabrication of MoO3/rGO/Au composite for increased photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Sawate Akash , Paul Niloy , Sathe Bhaskar , Katayama Tetsuro , Furube Akihiro , Koinkar Panakaj
Published: January 2024

Water line purification and wastewater treatment have become challenging in the fast-growing industry, infrastructure, textile, manufacturing world, etc. with this challenge, photocatalysis has gained substantial attention as an environmentally friendly process on which researchers are working aggressively and, in this progress, two-dimensional (2D) are in focus because of their good photocatalytic ability. Therefore, in this study, we present the synthesis of one such ternary composite material comprising molybdenum trioxide nanorods (MoO3NR), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNR), with a specific focus on its enhanced photocatalytic performance. The ternary composite is prepared via a combination of in situ hydrothermal and laser ablation methods allowing for precise control over the growth and integration of the constituent materials. The structural and morphological properties of the MoO3 nanorods, rGO and Au ternary material were systematically characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results suggest the successful formation of a composite, revealing the presence of uniformly dispersed MoO3 nanorods on the rGO sheets and evenly distributed Au nanoparticles throughout the structure. Photocatalysis evaluations conducted to assess the material performance under visible light irradiation exhibited significantly enhanced methylene blue degradation efficiency of 85.91% in 90[Formula: see text]min in comparison with individual MoO3 nanorods and rGO counterparts. The improved efficiency can be attributed to the combined effects arising from the integration of MoO3 nanorods, rGO and Au nanoparticles, which facilitate efficient light absorption, charge separation and catalytic reactions, which in turn reduces electron–hole recombination and improve photocatalytic performance. Also, the tunable morphology and collective effects of MoO3 nanorods, rGO and Au offer new avenues for designing highly efficient and stable photocatalytic materials.
Enhanced electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation on MoS2-GO nanosheets
Authors: Tanwade Pratiksha D. , Mulik Balaji B. , Sathe Bhaskar R. , Musmade B. B. , Shinde Vinayak , Furube Akihiro , Koinkar Panakaj
Published: January 2024

Herein, we present a comprehensive study on electrochemical hydrazine oxidation using hybrid material, MoS2-GO (molybdenum disulfide-graphene oxide), as an efficient electrocatalyst fabricated using the simple chemical reduction method. The MoS2-GO hybrid material adopts a distinctive open flower-like morphology, as demonstrated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Asymmetric and uneven distribution is indicated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while UV–Vis investigation displays shifts in peak positions and intensities, signifying the successful formation of the MoS2-GO composite. Further supporting the composite’s structure, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies validate the hexagonal arrangement of MoS2 layers on the graphene oxide (GO) surface. Through a combination of material synthesis, characterizations, and electrochemical analyses, we demonstrate that the MoS2-GO hybrid exhibits a low overpotential ∼0.2[Formula: see text]V versus SCE. This outstanding electrocatalytic performance of MoS2-GO underscores its potential as a promising candidate for various electrochemical applications, especially those involving hydrazine-based reactions. GO was used as the supporter and promoter by improving the synergetic effect between MoS2 and GO toward the hydrazine oxidation reaction.
Experimentation and Implementation of the BFT++ Cyber-Attack Resilience Mechanism for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Keppler David R. , Karim M. Faraz , Mickelson Matthew S. , Mertoguno J. Sukarno
Published: January 2024

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are used in various safety-critical domains such as robotics, industrial manufacturing systems, and power systems. Faults and cyber attacks have been shown to cause safety violations, which can damage the system and endanger human lives. Traditional resiliency techniques fall short of protecting against cyber threats. In this article, we show how to extend resiliency to cyber resiliency for CPS using a specific combination of diversification, redundancy, and the physical inertia of the system.
Advances in Modeling Dense Granular Media
Authors: Kamrin Ken , Hill Kimberly M. , Goldman Daniel I. , Andrade Jose E.
Published: January 2024

This review focuses on how the modeling of dense granular media has advanced over the last 15 years. The jumping-off point of our review is the μ( I) rheology for dry granular flow, which opened the door to generic flow field modeling but was primarily geared toward problems involving small monodisperse grains of simple shapes. Our review focuses on advances in modeling more material types and behaviors including new approaches for modeling finite-grain-size effects or nonlocality, polydispersity and unmixing, and nontrivial grain shapes. We also discuss growing application areas with tractable order-reduction strategies with a focus on intrusion and locomotion problems.