bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An overlooked alien species present on the coasts of Greece (Eastern Mediterranean): the polychaete Polycirrus twisti Potts (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)
Authors: SIMBOURA N.
Published: May 2013

The Terebellidae polychaete Polycirrus twisti Potts, 1928 had been confused in several previous records the Eastern Mediterranean with the co-generic species Polycirrus plumosusWollebaeck, 1912, because of incomplete specimens or unclear descriptions; therefore its presence in Greek seas had been overlooked. Specimens of Polycirrus twisti were currently identified from the Korinthiakos Gulf (Greece, Eastern Mediterranean), while older records from the Hellenic marine area, erroneously assigned toPolycirrus plumosus and recorded since 1983 (Rhodos island, Dodekanesse) were emended. Polycirrus twisti is an alien species, most likely introduced to the Mediterranean from the Suez Canal, while it was recently reported from the Southern coasts of Turkey (Levantine Sea). Its identification and report in Greek Seas increases the number of alien polychaete species in this area to 37 and offers a further evidence and link of its introduction and dispersion dynamics from the Suez Canal to the Levantine and Aegean Sea. The presence of the previously reported species Polycirrus plumosus in the Mediterranean Sea is therefore strongly questionable.
The Effects of UV Exposure on the Antioxidant Enzyme Systems of Anemones
Authors: CAPARKAYA D. , CENGIZ S. , DINCEL B. , DEMIR S. , CAVAS L.
Published: May 2013

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which are housekeeping enzymes protect cells from harmful side effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anemonia sulcata var. smaragdina andAnemonia rustica are widely distributed along the Turkish coastlines of Aegean Sea. Recent studies showed that the environmental stresses such as elevated temperature, ultraviolet light, pathogen infection and decreased salinity might cause well known bleaching effects in Anemonia species. The effect of UV-light on antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, protein levels and secondary pigments were determined in A. sulcata var. smaragdina and A. rustica. SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities, protein levels and secondary pigments of these morphotypes were observed in both tentacles and columns separately. According to studies on bleaching, the elevated UV radiation may cause this bleaching event as a stress factor. However, in the present study no bleaching event was observed in anemone samples even they are exposed to 5 hours UV-exposure. Moreover, UV exposure did not change antioxidant systems remarkably. However, many investigations are still needed for obtaining the complete picture of the effects of UV-light on cellular pathways of cnidarian–algal symbiosis.
Golden Horn Estuary: Description of the ecosystem and an attempt to assess its ecological quality status using various classification metrics
Authors: ALBAYRAK S. , BALKIS N. , BALKIS H. , ZENETOS A. , KURUN A. , KARHAN S.U. , CAGLAR S. , BALCI M.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we describe the pelagic and benthic ecosystem of the Golden Horn  estuary opening into the Marmara Sea. To improve the water quality of the estuary, which had long been subject to severe anthropogenic pollution (industrial, chemical, shipping),  industrial facilities were moved from the estuary in the 1980s, followed by a rehabilitation plan in the 1990s. Our results, based on chemical parameters and phytoplankton showed some signs of improvement of water conditions in the upper layer. However, macrozoobenthic findings of this study did not reflect such a recovery in bottom life.An approach to the Ecological Quality Status (EQS) assessment was performed by applying the biotic indices BENTIX, AMBI, BOPA, BO2A. Our final assessment was based on 'expert-judgements' and revealed a very disturbed overall ecosystem with 'bad' EQS for the station at the head of the estuary,  'poor' in the rest of the estuary and 'moderate' EQS only in the middle station.
The response of benthic foraminifer, ostracod and mollusc assemblages to environmental conditions: a case study from the Camalti Saltpan (Izmir-Western Turkey)
Authors: MERIC E. , AVSAR N. , NAZIK A. , BARUT F. , BERGIN F. , BALKIS N. , ONCEL M.S. , KAPAN-YESILYURT S.
Published: May 2013

The subject of this report is benthic foraminifer populations preserved in the saltpan of Camalti in the Province of Izmir. High salinity in certain habitats of Ammonia tepida Cushman may be the primary cause of the high rate of twins and triplets as well as other morphological abnormalities recorded within this species (50 % as compared to an anomaly rate of 1 % in normal marine waters). Thicker cyst membrane developing in extremely saline environments may encourage twins and other morphological deformities by denying free movement of the offspring. Ecological factors such as heavy metal contamination of ambient waters as well as contamination by other wastes are also not ruled out as leading to such developmental anomalies. Of the 27 collected samples, Number 5 (that is closest to the sea) includes the typical marine foraminifers. Nonion depressulum (Walker & Jacob), Ammonia tepida Cushman and Porosononion subgronosum(Egger) are the dominant species in other samples. A total of 63 abnormal individuals (8 triplets, 24 twins, and 31 morphological anomalies) was found within seven of the 27 samples collected. Ten samples contained freshwater ostracods: Darwinula stevensoni(Brady and Robertson), Leptocythere lacertosa Hirschmann, Cyprideis torasa (Jones), Cyprideis (C.) anatolica Bassiouni, and Loxochoncha elliptica Brady. Among these samples (some of which contained only a few species of ostracods - and those limited in number of offspring), one had an unusually high ratio of healthy foraminifers vs those with anomalies. Worthy of note in another sample was a high abundance of molluscs. Among pelecypods, were found Ostrea edulis Linné, Lucinella divaricata (Linné), Pseudocama gryphina Lamarck,Cerastoderma edule (Linné), and Scrobicularia plana da Costa; and among gastropods were identified Hydrobi (Hydrobia) acuta(Draparnaud), Rissoa labiosa (Montagu), R. parva (da Costa), R. violacea Desmarest, Pirenella conica (Blainville), Bittium desayesi(Cerulli and Irelli), B. lacteum Philippi and B. reticulatum Philippi.
Reproductive features of the deep-water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Crustacea: Penaeidae), in the Strait of Sicily
Authors: BIANCHINI M.L. , DI STEFANO L. , RAGONESE S.
Published: May 2013

The deep‑water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846), is one of the most valuable and heavily exploited demersal species of the Mediterranean bottom trawl fisheries. The basic life traits of this shrimp, in particular its reproductive aspects, are regularly monitored during experimental trawl surveys carried out in the Mediterranean Sea. Gonadic condition and maturity status for estimating the size at onset of sexual maturity are commonly assessed in females, using macroscopic color scales, histologically validated only in a few geographical areas. In this study, histological analyses were performed on rose shrimps collected from a trawl survey carried out in the Strait of Sicily, in order to support the empirical 4‑stage macroscopic scale locally employed. Ovaries from females of different sizes, ranging between 16 mm and 40 mm carapace length, were collected and used for microscopic examination of their structure, for oocytes counts and for oocyte diameter frequency distributions; oocytes diameter was measured by imaging analysis. The collected data were also used to estimate other basic vital parameters of the rose shrimp population. The histological observations show a broad correspondence between ovarian development and macroscopic features; therefore, the classifications derived by the empirical scale remain suitable for estimating the maturity parameters.
Samogłoskowa baza fonematyczna języka prasłowiańskiego w świetle analizy dystrybucyjnej
Authors: Osiewicz Marek
Published: May 2013

Proto-Slavonic stock of vowel phonemes in the light of distribution analysis

The article attempts to employ distribution analysis of Proto-Slavonic sounds to falsify current findings on the Proto-Slavonic stock of vowel phonemes. The material for the analysis has been extracted from W. Boryś’s Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (‘Etymological dictionary of Polish’). Analyzed was direct bilateral neighbourhood of vowels. To determine the Proto-Slavonic phonological units, a modified methodological proposition of Jerzy Bańczerowski has been used. In light of the analysis, the vowels [i], [y], [ъ], and [ь] – which have until now been treated as separate phonological units – are realizations of two phonemes: /i/ which covers non-back high vowels (→ [i], [y]), and /ъ/ which covers lowered non-back vowels (→ [ъ] and [ь]).
Opinia o projekcie zmiany Ustawy o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym, a także niektórych innych ustaw
Authors: Cząstka-Szymon Bożena
Published: May 2013

Opinion on draft amendments to the law on national and ethnic minorities and regional language, and on some other laws

The opinion on draft amendments is negative due to lack of compliance with the Polish and EU regulations (Act on the Polish Language from 1999.10.07 and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages). Applicants want Silesian to be recognized as a national language. However, the current classification of used (living) languages of the world contrasts the general (nationwide) language with its regional/territorial varieties, i.e. subdialects. There are no rational arguments for modification of the existing arrangements, and favouring one of Polish dialects by establishing it as a regional language. Since, however, the positions of subdialects and regional Polish have been weakened for historical reasons, it will be justified to seek to raise their prestige.
Jak uporządkować terminologiczny chaos w glottodydaktyce i po co?
Authors: Cockiewicz Wacław
Published: May 2013

How to put order into the terminological chaos in language pedagogy and what should one want to do this for?

The terminology used in language pedagogy does not constitute a coherent system because it is not based on definitions of terms but rather on descriptions of prototypes and illustrating them with examples. As a result, different terms overlap. This is disadvantageous for discourse in language pedagogy, because it enforces terms to be redefined anew in every statement. The current article proposes a way to order and systematize terminology referring to, on the one hand, languages as viewed from the perspective of language pedagogy, and on the other, to the phenomenon of bi- and multilingualism. Based on five systematically employed criteria, a discrete set of terms has been obtained which reflect the language pedagogical (i.e. prepared from the point of view of language pedagogy) classification of languages. The first criterion allows also a bi- or multilingual person to be unambiguously distinguished from a polyglot. The first term describes someone who has acquired two or more native languages, while the second a person who has learned several or many foreign languages. The criteria of competence or of circumstances of use, which have so far been in common use, do not allow for such a clear distinction.
Research Note—Business Value of Information Technology: Testing the Interaction Effect of IT and R&D on Tobin's Q
Authors: Bardhan Indranil , Krishnan Viswanathan , Lin Shu
Published: May 2013

The business case for investing in information technology (IT) has received increasing scrutiny in recent years. We propose that IT investments create additional business value through interactions with other business processes. In this paper, we formalize the interaction effect of IT by focusing on one core function, namely, research and development (R&D). We hypothesize that investments in IT can interact with and complement a firm's R&D investments, enhancing the firm's shareholder value creation potential. We test this by hypothesis by estimating the interaction impact of IT and R&D investments on Tobin's q, a forward-looking measure of firm performance using a recent multiyear, firm-level, archival data set. Our results suggest that the interaction effect of R&D and IT on Tobin's q is positive and significant after controlling for other firm- and industry-specific effects. Our findings provide rigorous empirical support for recent anecdotal evidence in the managerial literature with respect to the manner in which IT is enabling R&D-intensive innovation processes. Our analysis underscores the need for coordinated investments in IT and R&D, and permeating IT capabilities throughout other business processes such as R&D.
From Knowing It to “Getting It”: Envisioning Practices in Computer Games Development
Authors: Nandhakumar Joe , Panourgias Nikiforos S. , Scarbrough Harry
Published: May 2013

The development of information systems and software applications increasingly needs to deliver culturally rich and affective experiences for user groups. In this paper, we explore how the collaborative practices across different expert groups can enable this experiential dimension of use to be integrated into the development of a software product. In an empirical study of computer games development—an arena in which the novelty and richness of the user experience is central to competitive success—we identify the challenges of conceptualizing and realizing a desired user experience when it cannot be readily specified in an initial design template, nor represented within the expertise of existing groups. Our study develops a theoretical framework to address these challenges. Through this framework, we are able to show how achieving a desired user experience requires developer groups to not only work across the boundaries that arise from specialized expertise, but also across wider fields centred on cultural production and software development, respectively. We find that their ability to do this is supported by distinctive “envisioning practices” that sustain an emerging shared “vision” for each game. The key research contributions that we then make are (a) grounding envisioning practices as a means of theorizing the collaborative practices centred on conceptualizing the user experience; (b) identifying how these practices are interwoven with the “producing practices” of software development, thus enabling collaboration to span expert groups and disparate fields; and (c) theorizing the role of vision as an emerging conceptual boundary object in these practices.
Identification and Quantification of the Interaction Mechanisms Between the Cationic Surfactant HDTMA-Br and Montmorillonite
Authors: Naranjo Pablo M. , Sham Edgardo L. , Castellón Enrique Rodríguez , Torres Sánchez Rosa M. , Farfán Torres Elsa M.
Published: May 2013

Several detailed studies have been done on the characterization of organoclays and the type of structures developed when they interact with alkylammonium molecules. Few published contributions exist, however, on the distribution of surfactant within the organoclays and the mechanism by which they are intercalated. Also, although X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a suitable technique for the study of the surface characteristics of organoclays, very few such XPS studies have been carried out. With the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the intercalation process, a series of organoclays was synthesized using a montmorillonite and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr), with an increasing surfactant load of between 0.2 and 4.0 times the cation exchange capacity of the starting clay. By means of XPS, zeta potential, and thermal analysis techniques, distinguishing the strongly interacting fraction from the weakly interacting fraction of the adsorbed surfactant molecules was possible. Adsorption isotherms of each of these processes were constructed and then adjusted using the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radusquevich adsorption models. Three types of interaction between the surfactant and the clay were identified and described qualitatively and quantitatively. Two of these interactions, strong and weak, involved the hexadecyltrimethylammonium cation (HDTMA+). The third was a weak interaction involving the ion pair HDTMA+Br−. The results of this study may be useful for the comprehensive design of organoclays with specific physicochemical properties according to the application for which they are destined.
Mapping Kaolinite and Dickite in Sandstone Thin Sections Using Infrared Microspectroscopy
Authors: Robin Valentin , Petit Sabine , Beaufort Daniel , Prêt Dimitri
Published: May 2013

A method to characterize and map both kaolinite and dickite polytypes in sandstone thin sections using infrared microspectroscopy (IRMS) was developed. Minerals identification using IRMS can be performed using the hydroxyl-stretching band of most clay minerals (3500–4000 cm−1) in spite of infrared (IR) interferences caused by the embedding resin and glass substratum. Emphasis was placed on determining the optimum analytical conditions for IR data acquisition. The best data-acquisition parameters for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements (i.e. spectra quality as a function of beam size and the number of scans) were obtained from a series of single spectra. Then, spatial resolution was explored as a function of the IR beam size (from 50 μm × 50 μm to 15 μm × 15 μm) and the step-scan interval (i.e. the distance between two successive analysis points). The IRMS measurements were performed on thin sections of materials characterized previously using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis. Using IRMS, locations on the thin sections containing nearly pure dickite or kaolinite polytypes were identified and mapped. Most spectra collected using IRMS represented kaolin mineral aggregates rather than individual crystals, however, and mixing of kaolin polytypes was common at the spatial resolution of the IR beam size used. The spatial resolution of the IRMS was comparable to optical petrography and made possible the identification of areas on the thin section for further ‘in situ’ investigation using other methods (e.g. microprobe, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry — LA-ICP-MS, etc.). Also, the use of blocky crystal morphology to identify dickite was questioned, as kaolinite with blocky habit was identified. Mineral mapping using IRMS seems particularly suited for investigating petrographic relationships between kaolinite and dickite in sandstone diagenesis, but could also be used for clay minerals in other rock types or soils.
Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes
Authors: Hefter Glenn
Published: May 2013

Recent solubility measurements of a variety of solid electrolytes in water and aqueous solutions in the author’s laboratories are reviewed. The experimental challenge of performing such measurements with high accuracy is demonstrated using the solubility of solid sodium chloride in water at near-ambient temperatures as a paradigm. The special difficulties of measuring low solubilities are demonstrated using Pb(II) sulfate in various aqueous solutions and Pb(II) oxide in sodium hydroxide solutions, and the usefulness of such measurements for obtaining reliable information on homogeneous reactions in solution is briefly discussed. It is also shown, using the alkali metal triflate salts as examples, that determination of the solubilities of even highly soluble salts can be problematic. Lastly, data for the solubilities of a series of sodium carboxylate salts of industrial relevance are discussed and are used to illustrate why the theoretical prediction of solid electrolyte solubilities remains such a challenge.
Some Thoughts on the Use of Autograph Manuscripts in Editing the Works of Verdi and Puccini
Authors: Gossett Philip
Published: May 2013

No one believes an autograph manuscript provides sufficient information to allow scholars to edit nineteenth- or early twentieth-century music, particularly in genres that accepted considerable modifications in performance, opera or virtuosic piano music. If anything, the pendulum has swung too far in the other direction, with doubts cast on the role of composers' autographs in choosing texts to serve for critical editions. This latter approach is problematical, even for composers known to introduce significant changes in their works to ensure their survival in the theater. One needs always to cite (while not necessarily adopting) autograph readings, which tend to reflect compositional concerns rather than practical concerns. A critical edition may ultimately present a text oriented toward practical solutions, but it demands that users understand why and how a composer's ideas could not be maintained. This is particularly true for a composer like Verdi, who left autograph manuscripts close to a definitive version, but it is also true for a composer like Puccini who expected autograph manuscripts to be superseded in performance.
In the Tradition of Dissent
Authors: Bick Sally
Published: May 2013

As an institution of higher learning, the New School for Social Research was widely regarded as unorthodox. From its inception in 1919, its guiding principle was freedom: freedom of opinion, of teaching, of research, of publication. Initially focusing on the social sciences, by 1927 it introduced music as a significant part of that program. The School's social science perspective, its educational unorthodoxies, and its liberal philosophical ideals set a distinctive tone, nurturing an unfettered and accepting haven for a progressive community of musical personalities. Most prominent among them stood Henry Cowell, but Paul Rosenfeld, Aaron Copland, Charles Seeger, and others also contributed to the vitality of the School. From 1927 until 1933, Cowell presided over a program of lectures, concerts, symposia, and workshops dedicated to the cause of contemporary American music. In view of the School's adult population, music was treated primarily as an intellectual and cultural pursuit that stimulated new spheres of musical inquiry. At the same time, the influence of the social sciences encouraged the study of music through the political and social lens of culture. The diversity and singularity of these approaches created a new context for music and a significant contribution to the history of US musical culture.
Lifetime congenital isolated GH deficiency does not protect from the development of diabetes
Authors: Vicente Taísa A R , Rocha Ívina E S , Salvatori Roberto , Oliveira Carla R P , Pereira Rossana M C , Souza Anita H O , Campos Viviane C , Santos Elenilde G , Diniz Rachel D C Araújo , Valença Eugênia H O , Epitácio-Pereira Carlos C , Oliveira Mario C P , Mari Andrea , Aguiar-Oliveira Manuel H
Published: May 2013

Objectives

Adult subjects with untreated, lifetime, isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a homozygous GHRH receptor gene mutation (MUT/MUT) residing in Itabaianinha, Brazil, present with lower BMI, higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), increased insulin sensitivity (IS), and reduced β-cell function (βCF) when compared with non-BMI-matched homozygous normal controls. However, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in this cohort is unknown. Comparing their IS and βCF with BMI-matched individuals heterozygous for the same mutation (MUT/N) may be useful to elucidate the role of the GH–IGF1 axis in IS and βCF. The purposes of this work were to verify the prevalence of IGT and DM in adult MUT/MUT subjects from this kindred and to compare IS and βCF in MUT/MUT and MUT/N.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

We studied most (51) of the living IGHD adults of this kindred who are GH naive. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could be performed in 34 subjects, fasting glucose was measured in 15, while two had a previous diagnosis of DM. The OGTT results of 24 MUT/MUT subjects were compared with those of 25 BMI-matched MUT/N subjects. IS was assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR), quantitative IS check index, and oral glucose IS index for 2 and 3 h. βCF was assayed by HOMA-β, insulinogenic index, and the area under the curve of insulin:glucose ratio.

Results

The prevalence of DM and IGT in IGHD was 15.68 and 38.23% respectively. IS was increased and βCF was reduced in MUT/MUT in comparison with MUT/N.

Conclusions

Lifetime, untreated IGHD increases IS, impairs βCF, and does not provide protection from diabetes.
Prokineticin receptor variants (PKR1-I379V and PKR2-V331M) are protective genotypes in human early pregnancy
Authors: Su Mei-Tsz , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Chen Yi-Chi , Wu Li-Wha , Kuo Pao-Lin
Published: May 2013

Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) and its receptor genes (PROKR1(PKR1) andPROKR2(PKR2)) play an important role in human early pregnancy. We have previously shown thatPROKR1andPROKR2are associated with recurrent miscarriage (RM) using the tag-SNP method. In this study, we aimed to identifyPROKR1andPROKR2variants in idiopathic RM patients by genotyping of the entire coding regions. Peripheral blood DNA samples of 100 RM women and 100 controls were subjected to sequence the entire exons ofPROKR1andPROKR2. Significant non-synonymous variant genotypes present in the original 200 samples were further confirmed in the extended samples of 144 RM patients and 153 controls. Genetic variants that were over- or under-represented in the patients were ectopically expressed in HEK293 and JAR cells to investigate their effects on intracellular calcium influx, cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell–cell adhesion, and tube organization. We found that the allele and genotype frequencies ofPROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) were significantly increased in the normal control groups compared with idiopathic RM women (P<0.05).PROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) decreased intracellular calcium influx but increased cell invasiveness (P<0.05), whereas cell proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and tube organization were not significantly affected. In conclusion,PROKR1(I379V) andPROKR2(V331M) variants conferred lower risk for RM and may play protective roles in early pregnancy by altering calcium signaling and facilitating cell invasiveness.
The APC/C in female mammalian meiosis I
Authors: Homer Hayden
Published: May 2013

The anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates a meticulously controlled sequence of proteolytic events critical for proper cell cycle progression, the details of which have been most extensively elucidated during mitosis. It has become apparent, however, that the APC/C, particularly when acting in concert with its Cdh1 co-activator (APC/CCdh1), executes a staggeringly diverse repertoire of functions that extend its remit well outside the bounds of mitosis. Findings over the past decade have not only earmarked mammalian oocyte maturation as one such case in point but have also begun to reveal a complex pattern of APC/C regulation that underpins many of the oocyte's unique developmental attributes. This review will encompass the latest findings pertinent to the APC/C, especially APC/CCdh1, in mammalian oocytes and how its activity and substrates shape the stop–start tempo of female mammalian first meiotic division and the challenging requirement for assembling spindles in the absence of centrosomes.
Iamos és Pindaros – A hatodik olympiai óda egységének kérdéséhez
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt
Published: May 2013

Minden Pindaros-óda szembesít az egység mibenlétével, mely a Pindaros-kutatás talán legfontosabb kérdése. Ám minden költemény más és más módon egységes, s ez igaz a hatodik olympiai ódára is, melyet a költő egyik legnagyszerűbb versének szokás tartani. Jelen tanulmányban megmutatom, hogy az O. 6 egységét a költő (Pindaros) és a jós (Hagésias, a győztes és Iamos, a mondabeli ős) metaforikus párhuzama biztosítja, melynek alapja két, a költőre és a jósra egyaránt jellemző mozzanat: az isteni ihlet és kimondás-kifejezés pillanata. Ezek jelennek meg a jós (Iamos) elhivatásának leírásában (58–70), majd a költő saját tevékenységére reflektáló megnyilatkozásában (82–91), mely a vers legvitatottabb soraiban fogalmazódik meg. E magból sugárzanak szét a költő és a jós tevékenységének metaforái a győzelmi óda egészében.
Tzetzés Thukydidés-scholionjai
Authors: Mészáros Tamás
Published: May 2013

A Codex Palatinus Graecus 252 jelzetű kézirat nagyszámú scholiont tartalmaz részben Thukydidés történeti művéhez, részben a szerző életrajzához. Ezek közül mintegy ötven, iambikus trimeterben írott széljegyzet a kutatás jelen állása szerint a költő és grammatikus Ióannés Tzetzés kezétől származik. A scholionok tanúsága alapján Thukydidés műve csak ürügyül szolgált arra, hogy Tzetzés kifejthesse saját véleményét, ízlését, meggyőződését – olykor dühösen, olykor ironikusan. Jelen dolgozatban arra teszek kísérletet, hogy néhány érdekesebb scholion elemzésén keresztül bemutassam Tzetzés gondolkodásmódját.
Controlled Design of Mesostructured Titania Based Materials
Authors: Soler-Illia G.J. de A.A. , Grosso D. , Crepaldi E. L. , Cagnol F. , Sanchez C.
Published: May 2013

Mesostructured TiO2-surfactant hybrid xerogels and thin films are prepared by Evaporation-Induced Self Assembly (EISA). These organized structures are reproducibly formed through cooperative self-assembly between hydrophilic Ti-oxo species and a micellar template after selective solvent evaporation from ethanol/HCl/H2O media. The construction of these networks is tailored by tuning the hydrolysis-condensation of the metallic cations with the self-assembly of the organic counterparts (“hydrophilic matching” approach). The hybrids present hexagonal mesostructure (p6m). The formation kinetics of the mesophase is followed by SAXS, interferometry and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the vapor phase. An adequate thermal treatment of the organized hybrids leads to high surface (150-400m2 g-1) phosphorus-free mesoporous titania films or powders, with walls containing anatase nanocrystallites. This approach can be successfully extended to other non-silicate based meso-structured materials.
Estádio de adaptação de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em hospedeiros alternativos
Authors: Boregas Katia Gisele Brasil , Mendes Simone Martins , Waquil José Magid , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson
Published: May 2013

A principal praga-alvo na cultura do milho é a lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), que, pela sua ampla distribuição temporal e geográfica constitui-se em uma das espécies mais nocivas nas regiões tropicais das Américas. O objetivo foi avaliar o estádio de adaptação de S. frugiperda em 17 espécies hospedeiras, cultivadas ou selvagens, mais comuns no agroecossistema brasileiro. As plantas foram cultivadas em cinco épocas, entre 2006 e 2008, utilizando o milho como padrão. Larvas de S. frugiperda recém-eclodidas foram individualizadas e confinadas em copo plástico (50 mL), onde foram alimentadas com seções de folha nova de cada hospedeiro. O alimento foi substituído a cada dois dias por folhas frescas. Quatro variáveis biológicas foram avaliadas e utilizadas para se calcular um Índice de Adaptação (IA). Os resultados indicaram que a sobrevivência inicial de S. frugiperda variou de 100%, no milho, a 46%, no arroz. O período larval variou de 12,6 dias, no milho, a 27,1 dias, na grama batatais. A biomassa de pupa variou de 173,1 mg, no carrapicho, a 294,2 mg, no milho. O índice de adaptação, calculado com base nas variáveis biológicas de S. frugiperda, nos hospedeiros avaliados, variou de 17,43, no milho cultivado na época I, a 1,46, na cana-de-açúcar na época III. Para corrigir o efeito de época sobre o índice de adaptação de S. frugiperda nos hospedeiros, foi calculado o Índice Relativo de Adaptação (IRA), com base no índice de adaptação no milho (100%). Assim, com base no índice relativo de adaptação, estimado em condições de laboratório, os hospedeiros alternativos ao milho, para S. frugiperda, podem ser assim ordenados, do maior para o menor índice: sorgo granífero, sorgo selvagem, milheto, capim-tanzânia, amendoim, capim-marandu, capim-braquiária, caruru-de-porco, trigo, soja, algodão, feijão, arroz, capim-carrapicho, grama batatais e cana-de-açúcar.
Consulta ginecológica sob a ótica de estudantes do ensino médio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Authors: Pereira Sandra de Morais , Taquette Stella Regina , Pérez Maurício de Andrade
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar diferenças socioculturais e percepções sobre a consulta ginecológica por adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 418 alunas do ensino médio de três escolas de diferentes perfis, localizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 2010. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado, abordando características sociodemográficas, comportamento sexual e avaliação da consulta ginecológica. Utilizou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado (Yates) e o t de Student, adotando-se p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Alunas dos colégios privado e público apresentaram perfis semelhantes e diferiram daquelas da rede pública estadual que tiveram nível socioeconômico mais baixo, menor escolaridade dos responsáveis, predominância da raça negra, maior número de parceiros, gestações e histórico de violência sexual. As médias de idades da menarca e sexarca foram semelhantes entre as estudantes e a primeira consulta ginecológica foi significativamente mais tardia nas alunas da rede estadual. A maioria referiu conhecimento sobre anticoncepção e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, porém pequena parte obteve essas orientações na consulta. As estudantes manifestaram desejo de que o profissional investisse mais tempo, paciência e disponibilidade no atendimento. CONCLUSÕES: O atendimento ginecológico na adolescência é insatisfatório segundo a avaliação das adolescentes estudadas. As usuárias dos serviços privados submetem-se à consulta ginecológica em idade mais precoce do que aquelas que têm acesso apenas à rede pública. É necessário criar mecanismos que facilitem o acesso e a adesão desse grupo etário à rotina preventiva ginecológica.
Impacto da promoção sobre consumo de frutas e hortaliças em ambiente de trabalho
Authors: Franco Amanda Da Silva , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro De , Wolkoff Daisy Blumenberg
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de ações para promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em ambiente de trabalho. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção com grupo controle histórico conduzido com 61 funcionários de uma empresa pública, no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, de 2007 a 2009. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas: (a) diagnóstico pré-intervenção, que abrangeu caracterização da empresa estudada e da fornecedora de refeições, avaliação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças pelos funcionários e a inclusão de grupo focal para conhecer os determinantes do consumo de frutas e hortaliças e subsidiar o planejamento da intervenção; (b) intervenção, composta por uma vertente ambiental (refeitório da empresa) e outra educativa (dirigida aos indivíduos); e (c) diagnóstico pós-intervenção, que incluiu impressões sobre modificações no restaurante no tocante à oferta de frutas e hortaliças, exposição dos indivíduos à intervenção e respectivo consumo. A associação entre indicadores de exposição e desfecho foi analisada por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla. RESULTADOS: A média de cobertura das atividades e materiais educativos foi de 63,5%. A maioria dos funcionários percebeu mudanças positivas em pelo menos um dos cinco aspectos examinados referentes ao ambiente. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças aumentou 38,0% (0,66 porção na refeição avaliada). Indicadores de exposição da vertente ambiental e da vertente educativa associaram-se a indicadores de desfecho. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de frutas e hortaliças aumentou entre trabalhadores expostos à intervenção de promoção desses alimentos no ambiente de trabalho. O desenho multicomponente da intervenção parece ter contribuído para esses achados.
Comparação de estimativas de inquéritos de base populacional
Authors: Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo , Barros Marilisa Berti De Azevedo , Segri Neuber José , Alves Maria Cecília Goi Porto
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Comparar estimativas obtidas de inquéritos domiciliar e telefônico para monitoramento, intervenção e desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados de 2.526 e 1.900 indivíduos de 18 anos e mais, residentes em Campinas, entrevistados pelo inquérito domiciliar e pelo telefônico, respectivamente. As variáveis sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade foram utilizadas para caracterizar a população estudada. Foram calculadas as prevalências e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. As estimativas das características sociodemográficas da população foram comparadas pelo teste t. A comparação das estimativas das demais variáveis, segundo o tipo de inquérito, foi feita pela regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as estimativas obtidas pelos dois inquéritos para as prevalências globais de: sobrepeso/obesidade, tabagismo, realização de mamografia no ano prévio e de Papanicolaou alguma vez na vida. Para pior saúde percebida, filiação a plano médico de saúde, realização do exame de mamografia alguma vez e de Papanicolaou no ano prévio, observaram-se diferenças significantes, com tendência de superestimação pelos dados do inquérito telefônico, exceto para pior saúde percebida. CONCLUSÕES: Para melhor compreensão das diferenças observadas, outros estudos serão necessários, pois as pesquisas telefônicas podem fornecer informações rápidas e essenciais para o monitoramento de fatores de risco modificáveis, para a avaliação de intervenções e para o desenvolvimento de políticas de promoção à saúde no País.
Consistência entre medidas antropométricas em inquéritos nacionais
Authors: Conde Wolney Lisboa , Oliveira Débora Rocha , Borges Camila A , Baraldi Larissa Galastri
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a consistência entre valores de altura e peso obtidos por mensuração direta e por relato em inquéritos nacionais contemporâneos. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos o grupo de 20 a 39 anos na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) e do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2008 e 2009. Os inquéritos foram pareados por sexo e idade. A inferência sobre a comparação entre valores de altura e peso medidos padronizadamente (POF) e autodeclarados (Vigitel) foi feita com teste t de student e pelo estimador Spearman (ρ). A consistência entre índices e indicadores antropométricos nos dois inquéritos foi estimada pelos estimadores de Lin (Φ) e Pearson (r). RESULTADOS: Peso e altura referidos foram maiores que os medidos de forma padronizada. A correlação dos valores médios de altura nos dois inquéritos foi de ρ = 0,31 em mulheres e ρ = 0,62 em homens. A associação foi de ρ = 0,86 e ρ = 0,88, respectivamente, para peso. O índice de massa corporal mostrou forte correlação e concordância com aproximadamente 0,90 para os dois estimadores em ambos os sexos. A concordância entre diagnóstico de obesidade a partir de valores dos dois inquéritos medidos e autodeclarados foi Φ = 0,89 em homens e Φ = 0,91 em mulheres. CONCLUSÕES: Altura e peso declarados seguem o mesmo viés em relação àqueles mensurados padronizadamente e eliminam distorções nos índices e indicadores estimados nos dois inquéritos. Os valores declarados da antropometria mostram boas perspectivas de uso em outras análises envolvendo determinantes de saúde e nutrição.
Self-reported hearing performance in workers exposed to solvents
Authors: Fuente Adrian , McPhersonY Bradley , Hormazabal Ximena
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To compare hearing performance relating to the peripheral and central auditory system between solvent-exposed and non-exposed workers. METHODS: Forty-eight workers exposed to a mixture of solvents and 48 non-exposed control subjects of matched age, gender and educational level were selected to participate in the study. The evaluation procedures included: pure-tone audiometry (500 - 8,000 Hz), to investigate the peripheral auditory system; the Random Gap Detection test, to assess the central auditory system; and the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap, to investigate subjects' self-reported hearing performance in daily-life activities. A Student t test and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were computed to determine possible significant differences between solvent-exposed and non-exposed subjects for the hearing level, Random Gap Detection test and Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap. Pearson correlations among the three measures were also calculated. RESULTS: Solvent-exposed subjects exhibited significantly poorer hearing thresholds for the right ear than non-exposed subjects. Also, solvent-exposed subjects exhibited poorer results for the Random Gap Detection test and self-reported poorer listening performance than non-exposed subjects. Results of the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap were significantly correlated with the binaural average of subject pure-tone thresholds and Random Gap Detection test performance. CONCLUSIONS: Solvent exposure is associated with poorer hearing performance in daily life activities that relate to the function of the peripheral and central auditory system.
Consumo de medicamentos por idosos, Goiânia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Thalyta Renata Araújo , Lima Dione Marçal , Nakatani Adélia Yaeko Kyosen , Pereira Lílian Varanda , Leal Geraldo Sadoyama , Amaral Rita Goreti
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar o padrão de consumo de medicamentos entre idosos e sua associação com aspectos socioeconômicos e autopercepção de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo de base populacional e delineamento transversal com 934 idosos de Goiânia, GO, Brasil, entre dezembro de 2009 e abril de 2010. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário. As variáveis estudadas foram: número de medicamentos consumidos, sexo, estado civil, escolaridade, tipo de moradia, idade, renda e autopercepção de saúde. Os medicamentos foram classificados segundo o Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification. Os medicamentos impróprios para idosos foram identificados segundo o Critério de Beers-Fick. Os testes utilizados foram Qui-quadrado (X²) e exato de Fisher e p foi considerado significativo quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os idosos consumiam 2.846 medicamentos (3,63 medicamentos/idoso). Os mais usuais atuavam no aparelho cardiovascular (38,6%). A prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 26,4% e da automedicação de 35,7%. Os medicamentos mais ingeridos por automedicação foram os analgésicos (30,8%); 24,6% dos idosos consumia medicamento considerado impróprio. Mulheres, viúvos, idosos com 80 anos ou mais e com pior autopercepção de saúde praticavam mais a polifarmácia. A maior prática da automedicação esteve associada com menor escolaridade e pior autopercepção de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: O padrão do consumo de medicamentos por idosos foi semelhante ao encontrado em idosos de outras regiões do Brasil. O número de medicamentos usados, a prevalência das práticas da polifarmácia e automedicação e consumo de medicamentos impróprios estiveram dentro da média nacional.
Two competitive enzyme immunoassays for the detection of IgG class antibodies to hepatitis a antigen
Authors: Vitral Claudia Lamarca , Gaspar Ana Maria Coimbra , Yoshida Clara Fumiko Tachibana
Published: May 2013

Two competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIA) techniques were developed: in the first (COMP-1), test sera were added together with HAV antigen on anti-HAV IgG-coated wells followed by an anti-HA VHRP conjugate; in the second (COMP-2), test sera and anti-HA VHRP conjugate competed for HAV epitopes previously adsorbed to anti-HA V IgG-coated wells. Both procedures used tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. Both competitive tests were shown to be reproducible and suitable for routine diagnosis and research purposes.
Associação entre acidentes vasculares encefálicos e doença de Chagas
Authors: Lopes Edison Reis , Marquez Jaime Olavo , Costa Neto Bertolino da , Menezes Ayres Alexandre Carlos , Chapadeiro Edmundo
Published: May 2013

Foi pesquisada a freqüência de acidentes vasculares encefálicos (A VE), isquêmicos e hemorrágicos, em chagásicos crônicos e em não chagásicos, maiores de 15 anos de idade, necropsiados em Uberaba, de 1979 a 1988, optando-se por estudo emparelhado por sexo e idade em 208 pares. Em 41 (19,7%) dos chagásicos e em 55 (26,4%) dos não chagásicos foram diagnosticados AVE, diferença não significante ao nível de 5%. Dos chagásicos 12 (75%) tiveram infarto e 4 (25%) hemorragia encefálica; dos não chagásicos 5 (31,3%) tiveram infarto e 11 (68,7%) hemorragia. As .diferenças são significantes ao nível de 5%. Os resultados demonstram menor freqüência de AVE hemorrágico em chagásicos que em não chagásicos e comprovam alta freqüência de AVE isqüêmico na doença de Chagas humana.
Política para a ciência e política da ciência: entre o fomento e as demandas governamentais
Authors: Silva Rogério Bezerra
Published: May 2013

O artigo analisa o debate sobre a relação universidade-governo nos países avançados no que diz respeito à produção de conhecimento científico (pesquisa científica). Para isso, ele se apoia, principalmente, nos estudos de autores franceses e estadunidenses. Essa relação é analisada segundo duas dimensões: a da política da ciência, em que a universidade tem suas autonomias de gestão e de pesquisa reduzidas, ou mesmo suprimidas, pelo governo; e a da política para a ciência, em que a universidade tem suas autonomias de gestão e de pesquisa preservadas. Essas dimensões permitem a identificação de quatro categorias de relacionamento entre universidade e governo: universidade associada ou subordinada ao governo, na primeira dimensão; e universidade independente ou tributária do governo, na segunda. Essas categorias ajudam a mostrar que a universidade, longe de responder a uma concepção única sobre a organização de sua pesquisa e de sua gestão, é formada desde relações de poder existentes em cada momento histórico.
Retratos do Brasil: raça e instrução nos censos populacionais do século XIX
Authors: Gouvêa Maria Cristina , Xavier Ana Paula
Published: May 2013

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção dos primeiros censos populacionais nacionais desenvolvidos no Brasil nos anos de 1872, 1890 e 1990. Busca-se apreender a construção de categorias demográficas na homogeneização/segmentação das diferentes populações. Tendo como referência os dados da província/estado do Mato Grosso, tem-se em vista apreender a produção e deslocamento de categorias demográficas, contemplando os dados sobre composição racial e de instrução. Observa-se que as categorias demográficas, mais que organização de dados objetivos, constituem construções sócio-históricas.
A formação de formadores no contexto da transnacionalização educativa: reflexões a partir da aplicação do processo de Bolonha em Espanha e Portugal
Authors: Silva Luciana Leandro da
Published: May 2013

Nos últimos anos, intensas transformações estão ocorrendo no âmbito das universidades europeias e se observa a intensificação da preocupação com a formação dos professores universitários. Estes são vistos como agentes centrais da mudança, mediante a reconfiguração do papel da docência na educação superior. Através do estudo de dois casos específicos em Espanha e Portugal, constata-se que o caráter transnacional da reforma vigente repercute fortemente no trabalho e formação dos docentes, por meio das adequações legais, da criação de mecanismos de controle e da visão de formação como estratégia de adaptação. Finalmente, propomos como perspectiva investigativa a análise das relações entre a reforma europeia e os recentes movimentos de integração dos sistemas educativos na América Latina.