bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária em escolares de 5 e 12 anos de idade do município de Cascavel, PR
Authors: Berti Marina , Furlanetto Denise de Lima Costa , Walker Marli Maria Schmitt , Baltazar Mariângela Monteiro de Melo , Bianchi Fabio José
Published: February 2014

Por solicitação da divisão de saúde bucal da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cascavel-PR, o curso de odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) executou o primeiro levantamento epidemiológico na área de Saúde Bucal. A pesquisa foi realizada em crianças nas idades de 5 e 12 anos e foi utilizado os índices epidemiológicos ceo e CPO-D das escolas estaduais e municipais escolhidas através de sorteio contemplando todas as regiões do município. Os resultados obtidos através do levantamento produziram informações sobre as condições de saúde bucal da população de Cascavel. O ceo teve média de 2,42 e o CPO-D foi de 1,91, sendo maior na região Central. Embora os resultados apresentem valores menores que os do SB BRASIL 2000, o trabalho foi de grande valia para a criação e manutenção de uma base de dados contribuindo na perspectiva da estruturação de um sistema de vigilância epidemiológica em saúde bucal.
Aplicação da técnica de grupo focal em pesquisa da Rede-SANS sobre as ações de alimentação e nutrição na atenção básica em saúde
Authors: Vieira Carla Maria , Santiago Laís Sartori , Tavare Patrícia Cristina Wesolowski , Brandt Adriana , Negri Flavia , Oliveira Maria Rita Marques de
Published: February 2014

Grupo focal como recurso da pesquisa qualitativa é importante ferramenta na avaliação propositiva de projetos de articulação de redes e movimentos sociais. Seis grupos focais foram aplicados como uma das etapas de pesquisa do Projeto Rede de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional Sustentável (Rede-SANS), rede social de articulação da academia com os movimentos populares e poder público, em defesa do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada. Este relato teve como objetivo discutir a experiência da aplicação da referida técnica para investigar as percepções de profissionais de saúde sobre as ações de alimentação e nutrição na Atenção Básica. Os grupos focais permitiram aproximação e troca de experiências de 52 profissionais de 13 municípios de diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo para debater questões de segurança alimentar no contexto da área da saúde e promoveu reflexões sobre a alimentação, vigilância nutricional e intersetorialidade, como temas emergentes nos grupos. A técnica aplicada se demonstrou adequada para investigar o tema em profundidade, em pouco tempo, com um número grande de profissionais de distintos contextos para além dos objetivos da pesquisa. A realização dos grupos focais possibilitou o fortalecimento do processo de articulação de rede para a promoção de ações locais de segurança alimentar e nutricional sustentável.
Trabalho e sofrimento psíquico na estratégia saúde da família: uma perspectiva Dejouriana
Authors: Katsurayama Marilise , Parente Rosana Cristina Pereira , Moraes Rosângela Dutra de , Moretti-Pires Rodrigo Otávio
Published: February 2014

O presente trabalho propõe uma análise teórica do constructo "sofrimento psíquico" do trabalhador na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Para isso, optou-se pelo uso da teoria da psicodinâmica do trabalho do autor Christophe Dejours, visando a uma articulação entre a teoria e os aspectos da práxis do modelo de reorientação da atenção primária no Brasil. Nesse aspecto, a análise da saúde mental dos trabalhadores inseridos na linha de frente da atenção à saúde mostra-se de suma importância, uma vez que pode auxiliar na construção de propostas avaliativas que superem perspectivas tradicionais e excludentes, indicando caminhos para a superação de entraves nas políticas públicas, a fim de que seja oferecido aos usuários serviço satisfatório na Atenção Básica. Ainda, foi possível por meio dessa articulação teórica permitir uma ampliação acerca das possibilidades de falar sobre o trabalho, ser escutado, exercitar a mobilização subjetiva e buscar a transformação das condições patogênicas, esperando causar um reflexo direto na organização do trabalho.
Perfil da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Ane Karine Alkmim de , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Gradim Clícia Valim Côrtes
Published: February 2014

Trata-se de um estudo de análise do Boletim de Ocorrência (BO), a fim de caracterizar a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher em um município de Minas Gerais no ano de 2011 para melhor estratégia de planejamento das ações no âmbito da saúde. Foram analisados 392 BOs dos 715 registrados no ano de 2011. Caracterizaram-se as vítimas e agressores de acordo com as informações oferecidas pelo BO. As vítimas apresentaram idade média de 33,28 anos, enquanto os agressores apresentaram idade média de 35,55 anos. O domingo foi o dia em que ocorreu maior número de casos de violência, e apenas 22,7% dos agressores estavam sob efeito de bebidas alcoólicas. Conclui-se que, ao se conhecer a violência do município, novas práticas sociais e ações de saúde serão estruturadas.
Transtornos mentais comuns e uso de psicofármacos em mulheres
Authors: Vidal Carlos Eduardo Leal , Yañez Bárbara de Freitas Pereira , Chaves Camille Villefort Silva , Yañez Carolina de Freitas Pereira , Michalaros Isabela Assis , Almeida Lubiana Aparecida Sousa
Published: February 2014

Estimar a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) e o uso de psicofármacos em mulheres atendidas na rede básica de saúde. Estudo transversal utilizando o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) em mulheres usuárias das Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Barbacena, Minas Gerais, em 2013. Foram entrevistadas 360 mulheres. A prevalência de TMC foi de 41,7% (IC95%=36,6-46,8). As variáveis que se mostraram associadas à presença de TMC no modelo de regressão logística foram: consulta com psiquiatra (OR=5,40; IC95% 2,44-11,92), fazer uso de bebidas alcoólicas (OR=5,97; IC95% 2,31-15,42) e história de violência doméstica (OR=7,15; IC95% 1,80-28,35). Cerca de 30% das mulheres fazia uso de psicofármacos. A prevalência elevada de TMC e o uso de psicofármacos reforçam a importância do conhecimento desse tema pelos profissionais da área da saúde.
Entre o ínfimo e o longínquo: heterodoxias da pesquisa sobre o câncer
Authors: Barradas Carlos Alexandre da Silva
Published: February 2014

Este artigo pretende dar conta de uma discussão que pauta a pesquisa sobre câncer na atualidade. Tal se deve à existência de um modelo hegemônico e paradigmático daquilo que deve ser a pesquisa na área oncológica, e um outro (por ser aquele que neste momento mais disputa a hegemonia vigente) que pretende desafiar a concepção da doença e sua pesquisa nesses moldes dominantes, baseando-se para tal em concepções diferenciadas da biologia e das metodologias utilizadas. Partindo do princípio de que ambos os modelos possuem uma gênese e desenvolvimentos próprios, recorre-se ao quadro teórico e conceptual de Ludwik Fleck sobre o conhecimento médico, nomeadamente os conceitos de coletivos e estilos de pensamento, para se encetar uma discussão sobre o modo como certos tipos de conhecimento se tornam dominantes num determinado momento, analisando simultaneamente as implicações científicas, econômicas e políticas que tal debate encerra.
Desvio do pensamento e da cultura nas novlínguas (Klemperer, Orwell, Canetti)
Authors: Haroche Claudine
Published: February 2014

A Língua do Terceiro Reich (LTI), descrita por Victor Klemperer, assim como a Novlíngua, criada por George Orwell em 1984, revelam as condições e as formas de desvio do pensamento e da cultura. A ambiguidade, a falsificação e a mentira, de um lado, e o empobrecimento intencional da língua, de outro, levam à ignorância e à supressão deliberada das nuanças, e mesmo tornam impossível a liberdade de pensamento. Duras, insensíveis, brutais e propagadoras do terror, as novlínguas são as línguas de facções e clichês. Habitado pelo medo, o indivíduo é condenado por elas a uma insegurança psíquica profunda e contínua, promovida e alimentada pela organização.
Revisitando o primeiro modelo freudiano do trauma: sua composição, crise e horizonte de persistência na teoria psicanalítica
Authors: Castilho Antônio Luiz Pereira de
Published: February 2014

Revisita-se a construção do primeiro modelo freudiano do trauma, o eixo da chamada teoria da sedução (1896). Seus componentes e dinâmica são examinados e discutidos. O paradoxo presente na mencionada teoria é registrado, bem como a reformulação por parte de Freud do fundamento de sua doutrina através da postulação da pulsão e da sexualidade infantil. Por fim, ao lado da engenhosa e singular maneira pela qual aquele modelo do trauma articula seus elementos, um horizonte de persistência daquela abordagem é ainda afirmado na esfera da teoria da sedução generalizada.
Por uma língua-objeto: o avesso do gozo na cultura de consumo
Authors: Sarti Milena Maria , Tfouni Leda Verdiani
Published: February 2014

A proposta do presente artigo é trazer a possibilidade de uma língua-objeto no discurso publicitário como modo de apreender e discutir as consequências atuais da incidência do discurso do capitalismo sobre a subjetividade. Situando-nos em relação ao que podemos apontar como uma alteração histórica da relação do sujeito com a língua e com o Outro, propomos, sob o termo "língua-objeto", que a cadeia de significantes foi transfigurada em cadeia de objetos de consumo. Essa alteração se dá a ver pela existência de uma cultura que enaltece, dá abrigo ao eu dos sujeitos e não à singularidade do desejo, numa promoção social do gozo autoerótico e mercadológico, estritamente correlatos.
Transportation with volume discount: a case study of a logistic operator in Ghana
Authors: Mubashiru Abdul-Salam Sibidoo
Published: February 2014

Network models and integer programming are well known variety of decision making problems. A very useful and widespread area of application is the management and efficient use of scarce resources to increase productivity. These applications include operational problems such as the distributions of goods, production scheduling and machine sequencing, and planning problems such as capital budgeting facility allocation, portfolio selection, and design problems such as telecommunication and transportation network design. The transportation problem, which is one of network integer programming problems is a problem that deals with distributing any commodity from any group of 'sources' to any group of destinations or 'sinks' in the most cost effective way with a given 'supply' and 'demand' constraints. Depending on the nature of the cost function, the transportation problem can be categorized into linear and nonlinear transportation problem. We applied Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality algorithm to solve our problem of transportation with volume discount for a logistic operator in Ghana.
Measurement of a cost function for US airlines: restricted and unrestricted translog models
Authors: Meland William J.
Published: February 2014

This paper continues and expands several themes from previous studies of commercial airline cost functions. A well specified industrial cost function reveals characteristics about the market players, such as economies of scale and the cost elasticities with respect to operational styles. Using a translog specification, and its restricted first-order form, this paper updates previous parameter estimates, reworks the experimental design, and gives new analysis to describe the spectrum of choices facing airline firms in recent years. The translog model in this paper allows the energy cost share to interact with other variables and illuminate what factors may exacerbate cost sensitivity to energy prices, an advance in this specific area of interpretation. The result shows that fuel cost shares tend to be higher with older equipment, smaller fleet sizes, and to be increasing in aircraft size and seating density. The restricted first-order model indicates that older aircraft designs are more costly to operate, even accounting for operational style. This may imply that airlines with poorer access to capital suffer a cost disadvantage, particularly during a fuel spike - also a new contribution of the paper. Finally, the first-order model does not reject constant returns to scale (CRS) for fleet expansion, or increasing returns to scale (IRS) in aircraft size, which are the expected results.
A merger effect on different airline groups: empirical study on the Delta-Northwest merger in 2008
Authors: Park Sora
Published: February 2014

The airline industry has performed inconsistently since deregulation in 1978 and there has been a significant profit discrepancy between legacy airlines and low-cost carriers. Starting from the early 2000s, four of the largest legacy airlines chose to consolidate with an effort to increase efficiency and profitability. Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines have consolidated in 2008, becoming the largest commercial airline in the world. This paper examined the merger effect on the airfares on top 1,000 U.S. domestic city-pair routes in relation to the number of passengers, the distance, and the market share as well as its potential anticompetitive issues. All airlines were categorized into three groups - Legacy Airlines, Delta-Northwest, and Low-Cost Carriers - and the interactions between the airfares and the variables were examined within each airline group and across different airline groups. It was found that the airfares of legacy airlines and Delta-Northwest decreased at a faster rate than the low-cost carriers while their market shares increased simultaneously irrespective of whether they offered the lowest prices or had the largest market share on each route.
Risk perception factors and their influence on road transportation
Authors: Olufikayo Aderinlewo , Grace Ata
Published: February 2014

This study assesses risk in road transportation in Ekiti State, Nigeria through a number of factors as well as the various ways by which these factors are perceived through Pearson correlation analysis. Six roads were identified as case studies from which information about how the users perceived risk was obtained mainly by administering questionnaires. The responses to the 23 questions which were developed based on the risk factors were analyzed statistically to obtain their relationships in terms of their correlation coefficients and R-squared values. The most dominant risk factors with respect to the roads considered as case studies were identified and the relationships between them were determined. The results showed that the most correlated risk factors are "drinking and driving (DAD)", "using a mobile phone (hands free) and driving (UMP(hf)AD)", "taking medicine and driving (TMAD)" and "using a mobile phone (hands free) and driving (UMP(hf)AD)" with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9772 and R-squared value of 0.9549.
Informal transport and its effects in the developing world: a case study of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Fekadu
Published: February 2014

This paper appraises the current situation of passenger road transport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by a case study of long distance bus transport. Emphasis is given on the probability, area and service coverage of informality, and the effect of informal operators on the formal transport industry. The study shows that the manifestation of informality on the long distance bus market is relatively insignificant (about 13%) compared with small and mid-scale buses. The sector also serves about 15 major towns such as Mekele, Dire Dawa, Shashemene, Wolita Soddo, Jimma, Bahir Dar and Gonder Towns. The most relevant effects of informal operators on formal industry and long distance bus in particular are the accelerated increase in the rate of accidents, lack of tax payments and driving over the distance limit. Informality also leads the legal operators into illegality. Thus, one can infer that the accelerating rate of informality becomes a threat for the formal sector operators in general and the long distance bus market in particular, in the nation and developing countries.
A spinoffs study applied to the airline industry
Authors: Kutscher Erika
Published: February 2014

Airlines have been recently debated the management of some of their non-core divisions, such as the Frequent Flyer Program (FFP). A spinoff is a form of corporate contraction that many companies have recently chosen. Through a spinoff, both the parent company and the divested subsidiary can each focus on their own activity, which translates into a better performance of both entities. This paper studies the circumstances in which a spinoff is a good strategy to pursue, along with some important issues that must be considered when reaching agreements. Spinoffs are basically a "downsizing" of the parent firm; therefore, the smaller firm must be economically more viable by itself than as a part of its parent company. The motivation for analyzing this particular topic comes from a question of current interest: Under what circumstances is it advantageous for an airline to spin off its Frequent Flyer Program, or other divisions that are not related with the airline's operation? In this paper, an extensive literature review introduces the reader to the different forms of corporate contraction and their performance under different circumstances. Three cases related to the airline industry follow: the spinoffs of TripAdvisor from the web agency Expedia, of Air Canada's FFP Aeroplan, and of American Airline's distribution system Sabre. These three cases illustrate some of the key issues that must be carefully considered when spinning off a subsidiary. The paper concludes that spinoffs are a smart strategy when the focus of the spun off division is different from that of the parent company. However, to safeguard future business relationships, the two entities must negotiate detailed agreements that are robust enough to perform successfully in all foreseeable circumstances.
Monitoring the condition of roads pavement surfaces: proposal of methodology using hyperspectral images
Authors: Resende Marcos Ribeiro , Bernucci Liedi Legi Bariani , Quintanilha José Alberto
Published: February 2014

With the current system of concession roads in Brazil, both concessionaires and regulatory agents have been charged with improving the quality of the pavement on Brazilian highways. This situation requires the search for new tools that can facilitate the survey of pavement conditions in less time and at a lower cost than traditional methods. Recently, an increasing number of high-resolution spatial images have become available on the world market following the development of new remote sensing satellites and airborne sensors. Similarly, multispectral images and even hyperspectral images are now available commercially and for scientific research. The paper presents a new methodology for the identification of asphalted pavement surfaces condition and the classification of the main types of asphalt defects using hyperspectral images from airborne digital sensors. The objective of this study was to generate indexes of pavement conditions from images that can be compared with the indicators of pavement surface conditions already used by national regulatory agencies.
Modelo de previsión de la progresión del área de fisuras en pavimentos asfálticos
Authors: Soncim Sérgio Pacífico , Fernandes Junior José Leomar
Published: February 2014

Este estudio presenta el desarrollo de un modelo para la previsión de la progresión del área de fisuras en pavimentos con concreto asfáltico caliente, con informaciones de un banco de datos de gerencia de carreteras fornecido por el Departamento de Infra-estructura de Transportes del Estado de Bahia, colectados en 2004. Fue desarrollado un planeamiento factorial con el objetivo de organizar los datos disponibles para el posterior análisis estadístico. Los factores considerados fueron la edad del pavimento, el tráfico y la pluviometría. Fue realizado un estudio comparativo entre el modelo desarrollado y otros modelos existentes, a través de la evaluación del ajuste de los valores previstos por los mismos con los valores observados en campo, teniendo como base su evolución a lo largo del tiempo. El modelo desarrollado en este trabajo, en comparación con los modelos de Marcon (1996) y Paterson (1987), presentó mejor correlación entre los valores observados y los previstos, lo que demuestra evidencia del la validez de su utilización en análisis de redes carreteras constituidas por revestimientos asfálticos.
Uso do conceito de hipercaminhos no transporte de carga: uma análise exploratória
Authors: Reis Silvia Araujo dos , Leal José Eugênio
Published: February 2014

É importante para o embarcador de cargas dispor de opções de escolha de diferentes caminhos e modos de transportes em momentos diversos que reduzam seu custo esperado total. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem que faz uso do conceito de hipercaminhos para apoiar a decisão de escolha de caminhos e modos de transporte pelos embarcadores de cargas. É sugerido um modelo de seleção de rotas ótimas, através da programação matemática, para transporte de carga multimodal que emprega o conceito de hipercaminhos. Este modelo produz como resultado um conjunto estratégico de melhores caminhos para o embarcador, corroborando a definição de hipercaminhos, oriunda da literatura científica de modelos de transporte público. São apresentadas adaptações conceituais dessa abordagem para o transporte de carga. Um exemplo ilustrativo do modelo é usado para mostrar a sua aplicação.
Modelagem de redes logísticas com demandas sazonais: influência do custo de estoque e do crédito de ICMS
Authors: Hamad Ricardo , Gualda Nicolau Dionísio Fares
Published: February 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem para localização de instalações em redes logísticas globais, com foco especial no tratamento dos estoques e impostos, aplicada em grandes empresas transnacionais do segmento agrícola operando no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que a restrição de capacidade de armazenagem e o custo de carregamento dos estoques, normalmente desprezados na maioria dos modelos, estão fortemente correlacionados com a definição do número de Centros de Distribuição. A metodologia, a partir da instalação de Centros de Distribuição em diferentes estados e/ou países do Mercosul, permitiu melhorias no fluxo de caixa da ordem de US$ 22 milhões e mostrou o efeito negativo da legislação do ICMS que, para uma melhoria no fluxo de caixa, impõe um aumento nos custos logísticos. Mostra-se que, para a definição da rede logística em empresas credoras de ICMS, o modelo precisa contemplar pelo menos quatro elos da cadeia.
Short-term phonological memory in preschool children
Authors: Rodrigues Amalia , Befi-Lopes Debora Maria
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to design a short-term memory test, to describe quantitative performance in typically language developing children and to verify the relationship between the non-words repetition and oral phonological measure. METHODS: The participants included 136 typically language developing children aged from 3 years to 6 years and 11 months old in this study, who were evaluated. The test consisted of 40 non-words of one, two, three, and four syllables. The subjects' repetitions were transcribed and the number of right answers was calculated for each age range. RESULTS: The effect of age was observed in the test, as well as the effect of length, only for disyllabic non-words. The performance in the non-word repetition task showed correlation with the oral phonology measure. CONCLUSION: The test designed in this research was able to verify the short-term memory in typically language developing children and the results showed correlation between this memory and phonological performance.
Geosynthetic reinforcement of a granular load transfer platform above rigid inclusions: comparison between centrifuge testing and analytical modelling
Authors: Blanc Matthieu , Thorel Luc , Girout Romain , Almeida Márcio
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT: The soil reinforcement method, which consists of placing a granular mattress above a set of rigid inclusions, is used to transfer part of the surface load to the piles through arching. The addition of an extensible geosynthetic layer at the base of the mattress increases load transfer. A small-scale centrifuge model, the mobile tray device, is used to simulate the foundation behaviour by modelling soft soil settlement between the inclusions. A parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of the mattress thickness and of the pile spacing. The different test configurations are compared with regard to the stress transmitted to soft soil, to differential settlement and to the efficiency of load transfer. With thicker mattresses and/or closer pile meshing, load transfer increases and surface settlements are reduced. Geosynthetic maximum experimental and analytical deflections are also examined. For the analytical study, conducted using the EBGEO German standard, three different distributions of the vertical stress applied to the geosynthetic layer are compared: uniform, triangular and inverse triangular. All three scenario results fall within the range of the experimental results. The inverse triangular distribution reveals some deflection values that were lower than the uniform one. The triangular distribution gives the highest deflection values.
Connecting With Today’s Mothers: Breastfeeding Support Online
Authors: Audelo Lara
Published: February 2014

Since the mid-1990s, women have been using the Internet to offer breastfeeding support to one another. As technology has rapidly changed, mothers have kept up with the pace and found ways to embrace the changes, using them to their advantage. It is essential for all who work with breastfeeding
mothers in a professional capacity to understand the generational differences that exist, oftentimes between mothers and providers. For lactation professionals, it is valuable to know how mothers use the Internet, and the platforms they are using, for breastfeeding support. Whether it is through
social media platforms or blogging, lactation professionals have more ways than ever before to help mothers by offering their expertise in online settings.
Performances of Bioinformatics Pipelines for the Identification of Pathogens
in Clinical Samples with the De Novo Assembly Approaches: Focus
on 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)
Authors: Biagini Tommaso , Bartolini Barbara , Giombini Emanuela , Capobianchi Maria R. , Ferrè Fabrizio , Chillemi Giovanni , Desideri Alessandro
Published: February 2014

Diagnostic assays for pathogen detection are critical components of public-health monitoring efforts. In view
of the limitations of methods that target specific agents, new approaches are required for the identification of novel, modified
or ‘unsuspected’ pathogens in public-health monitoring schemes. Metagenomic approach is an attractive possibility
for rapid identification of these pathogens. The analysis of metagenomic libraries requires fast computation and appropriate
algorithms to characterize sequences. In this paper, we compared the computational efficiency of different bioinformatic
pipelines ad hoc established, based on de novo assembly of pathogen genomes, using a data set generated with a
454 genome sequencer from respiratory samples of patients with diagnosis of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1). The
results indicate high computational efficiency of the different bioinformatic pipelines, reducing the number of alignments
respect to the identification based on the alignment of individual reads. The resulting computational time, added to the
processing/sequencing time, is well compatible with diagnostic needs. The pipelines here described are useful in the unbiased
analysis of clinical samples from patients with infectious diseases that may be relevant not only for the rapid identification
but also for the extensive genetic characterization of viral pathogens without the need of culture amplification.
Obtaining and characterizing modified tannins by physical-chemical methods
Authors: Gonta Alexandru , Lupascu Tudor , Timbaliuc Nina , Meghea Aurelia
Published: February 2014

After oxidation of tannins (Tannins 1–3) extracted from grape seeds, Tanoxil compounds with increased solubility and enhanced antioxidant activities were synthesized. In this research, ABTS+· assay and a chemiluminescence method were used for antioxidant measurement of hydrophilic compounds (Tanoxils 1–3).

It was observed that the antioxidant activity (AA, %) is very similar for the three samples, while at the same time AA is quite high (93.16%–96.48%). The percentage of inhibition by ABTS+· is higher for Tanoxil 2 (96.4%) as compared to Tannin 2 compound (14.34%). Moreover, the total content (TCF) of carboxyl and phenolic groups was investigated. TCF values, determined for Tanoxil products, revealed a double (Tanoxil 1) or triple (Tanoxil 2) increase as compared to the value of the TCF of Tannin 1. Tanoxil products represent an interest for future research as they have a high AA (96.4%) and the content of acidic groups is significant (TCF, 0.191 meq g−1).
Changing “Course”
Authors: DeBoer Jennifer , Ho Andrew D. , Stump Glenda S. , Breslow Lori
Published: February 2014

In massive open online courses (MOOCs), low barriers to registration attract large numbers of students with diverse interests and backgrounds, and student use of course content is asynchronous and unconstrained. The authors argue that MOOC data are not only plentiful and different in kind but require reconceptualization—new educational variables or different interpretations of existing variables. The authors illustrate this by demonstrating the inadequacy or insufficiency of conventional interpretations of four variables for quantitative analysis and reporting: enrollment, participation, curriculum, and achievement. Drawing from 230 million clicks from 154,763 registrants for a prototypical MOOC offering in 2012, the authors present new approaches to describing and understanding user behavior in this emerging educational context.
Conceptual and Methodological Problems in Research on College Undermatch
Authors: Bastedo Michael N. , Flaster Allyson
Published: February 2014

Access to the nation’s most selective colleges remains starkly unequal, with students in the lowest income quartile constituting less than 4% of enrollment. A popular explanation for this phenomenon is that low-income students undermatch by attending less selective colleges when their credentials predict admission to more highly selective colleges. We identify three problematic assumptions in research on undermatching: (a) that researchers can differentiate colleges at the “margin that matters” for student outcomes; (b) that researchers can accurately predict who will be admitted at colleges that use holistic admission processes; and (c) that using achievement measures like SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) scores to match students to colleges will reduce postsecondary inequality. We discuss the implications of these assumptions for future research on college choice and stratification.
Characterization of a reversible lameness model in the horse
Authors: Wilgenbusch C. , Thomsen D. , Schleining J. , Riedesel D. , Wang C. , McClure S. R.
Published: February 2014

Characterization of a model of reversible foot lameness in the horse.

Both forelimb hooves were fitted with a circumferential clamp. After three baseline measurements utilizing a force platform, one clamp was tightened to induce a grade 2.5/5 lameness and left in place for 120 hours. Serial heart rate and force platform measurements were obtained and the asymmetry index was calculated. After 120 hours, the clamp was released and force platform data recorded until the horse returned to soundness. The procedure was repeated for the opposite forelimb. The responses of treatment compared with the control for each outcome were analysed using linear mixed models. Time, limb (left or right), order of treatment, and interaction between time and order were used as fixed effects, whereas horse and limb were used as random effects.

There was a significant increase in lameness associated with time and treatment order, where the second limb treated was more lame, based on the force platform data. The heart rate increased significantly with time and was significantly greater while the first limb was being treated. There was a significant effect of time on the increased subjective lameness score.

The lameness was present throughout the measurement period, though the level of lameness lessened with time. The model may be applicable for evaluation of mechanisms to treat pain in the horse. The reason for the difference in treatment order needs to be identified.
Le cercle herméneutique : de quel type de problème s'agit-il ?
Authors: Mantzavinos Chrysostomos
Published: February 2014

Le cercle herméneutique a été utilisé par tous ceux qui ont défendu la thèse de l’autonomie méthodologique des sciences humaines par rapport aux sciences naturelles. Il est généralement perçu comme un problème ontologique ou logique par les Herméneutistes. Le but de cet article est de montrer que le cercle herméneutique n’est ni l’un ni l’autre. Tout indique, plutôt, qu’il fait référence à un phénomène empirique, qui peut être étudié dans le cadre de la psycholinguistique et d’autres disciplines empiriques. Il ne peut pas, par conséquent, être utilisé comme argument pour légitimer la séparation entre les sciences naturelles et les sciences humaines, et ne peut donc pas contribuer à soutenir la thèse de l’autonomie des sciences humaines.
Ostréiculture et mytiliculture à l'époque romaine ? Des définitions modernes à l'épreuve de l'archéologie
Authors: Bardot-Cambot Anne , Forest Vianney
Published: February 2014

L’élevage des coquillages dans l’Antiquité est communément admis dans la littérature archéologique. Toutefois, il n’a jamais été précisément défini par rapport aux conchylicultures de nos sociétés modernes. L’article étudie donc cette question en utilisant les observations réalisées sur les coquilles marines découvertes sur les sites de Gaule romaine. Les restes archéologiques d’huîtres plates et de moules et les sources antiques sont utilisés pour tenter de retrouver les étapes des pratiques ostréicoles et mytilicoles contemporaines. Une synthèse est également proposée sur l’intérêt et l’utilité d’une conchyliculture durant l’époque romaine.
Le politique dans le corps des sujets dits « bipolaires »
Authors: Chapard Ingrid
Published: February 2014

Le trouble bipolaire, dans sa définition médicale, est également à entendre comme une conjoncture subjective bipolaire. L’étude conjointe d’un cas clinique et de la réponse sociale moderne à la jouissance maniaque permettra de montrer comment le corps reste une modalité d’expression subjective majeure à l’interface de la politique du symptôme et de celle de la jouissance sociale.
Du « jeu » de l'enfant au « je » de l'éduc
Authors: Gaberan Philippe
Published: February 2014

Dans leur quête presque désespérée d’un adulte qui tienne, les gamins accueillis d’un itep vont forcément chercher l’éducateur sur un autre registre que ses seules compétences professionnelles. Leurs troubles du comportement ne sont alors qu’une adresse à ce qui fait leur raison d’être là ; là présents dans l’institution et là présents dans un rapport à un adulte qui a priori n’est rien pour eux. Dès lors, ces gamins très souvent hors jeu viennent se cogner au « je » de l’adulte dans une tentative de renouer avec les limites.
Les sanctions éducatives, une clinique du quotidien ...
Authors: Defrance Michel
Published: February 2014

Dans un contexte sociétal et anthropologique qui complexifie les approches thérapeutiques, éducatives et pédagogiques, le projet institutionnel, la « clinique institutionnelle », les modes d’intervention du « nouage itep  » sont interrogés et les équipes ne peuvent qu’élaborer leurs pratiques en fonction d’un retournement des représentations sur la question de l’autorité : les jeunes et les adultes ne reconnaissent que l’autorité qu’ils acceptent.
itep : associer un diagnostic psychosocial au diagnostic psychopathologique
Authors: Grimaud Lin
Published: February 2014

La souffrance précoce du lien à l’autre entraîne des conséquences d’a-structuration des compétences psychosociales de l’enfant, avec toutes les incidences qui vont en découler pour la construction de l’adulte et la dynamique de son intégration sociale. Pour fonder mon hypothèse de l’intérêt pratique en itep d’un diagnostic psychosocial associé au diagnostic psychopathologique, j’évoque au travers de quatre points les conditions du processus de socialisation dès son origine, ainsi qu’une des causes essentielles de sa distorsion : le paradoxe pathogène dans l’espace familial.
Thanatopraxie : conditions de travail et epuisement professionnel
Authors: Fleutot Aurore
Published: February 2014

L’exercice de la thanatopraxie en France se fait dans un environnement et autour d’une organisation peu reconnaissante et visiblement peu intéressée par les difficultés additionnelles occasionnées par un métier où la charge émotionnelle et psychologique est constante. Cette indifférence engendre malheureusement une rupture profonde entre l’engagement et les croyances qui ont motivé les hommes et les femmes à exercer cette profession. Un épuisement professionnel se généralise.
De nouveaux soins pour un nouveau corps...
Authors: Le Guay Damien
Published: February 2014

Alors que le « déni de la mort » se prolonge, les soins faits aux corps augmentent. Ce paradoxe mérité d’être compris et ce en considérant une « prise de pouvoir du corps » et « d’invention » d’un corps nouveau. Mais cette fixation corporelle permise par la thanatopraxie rend encore plus problématique la séparation du mort d’avec les vivants. Ainsi, il faut considérer que ce surinvestissement d’un corps prolongé le plus longtemps signifie sans doute un retrait du monde commun, une impuissance à agir.
Trafic d'influence et privatisation de l'état : la mise en marché de la gestion des déchets en Sicile
Authors: Maccaglia Fabrizio
Published: February 2014

Cette contribution propose, à partir d’une étude empirique traitant de la mise en marché de l’incinération des déchets en Sicile au cours de la décennie 2000, une analyse des pratiques officieuses dans les processus décisionnels au niveau de l’État, et de la manière dont l’idée de bien commun peut être instrumentalisée et confisquée à des fins privatives par les dépositaires du pouvoir. Sur la base des éléments recueillis au cours de l’enquête, qui laissent apparaître une entente en cartel entre les entreprises adjudicataires avec la complicité de responsables politiques et administratifs régionaux, nous faisons l’hypothèse d’une privatisation de l’État au sens d’appropriation et de détournement par des acteurs publics de la symbolique étatique et de l’appareil administratif à des fins privatives. La fiction du bien commun et la parole d’État sont utilisées pour que des intérêts individuels deviennent les intérêts de l’État. Cette appropriation personnelle de l’institution étatique crée une situation de dédoublement politique entre un registre formel et un registre informel ; c’est dans ce dédoublement que s’élabore l’action publique et se construit l’État au quotidien. L’accent sera particulièrement mis sur la manière dont le droit est mobilisé pour mettre en œuvre des transactions informelles dans un espace social où les décisions des autorités et des administrations sont soumises à des procédures de publicisation et de contrôle.
Du plan Schlieffen au plan Moltke : mythes et réalités des plans de guerre allemands et de la responsabilité du Reich dans le déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Lemay Benoît
Published: February 2014

L’idée d’un plan Schlieffen comme d’une panacée ou d’une recette assurée de la victoire n’est qu’un mythe. Cependant, contrairement à la controverse suscitée par la thèse de Terence Zuber, il ne faut pas en déduire pour autant qu’il n’y a jamais eu de plan de guerre conçu par Schlieffen et plus tard actualisé par Moltke qui prévoyait faire d’une guerre presque inévitablement sur deux fronts une guerre pour ainsi dire sur deux fronts successifs, d’abord à l’ouest, puis à l’est. À l’aube du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale, il nous paraît opportun de faire le point sur les mythes et les réalités des plans de guerre allemands et sur la responsabilité du Reich dans le déclenchement du conflit.
Willy Brandt et le procès de Nuremberg
Authors: Bourguignon Annie
Published: February 2014

Willy Brandt, qui devait devenir plus tard l’un des hommes politiques les plus marquants de la République Fédérale d’Allemagne, avait quitté son pays d’origine en 1933 et s’était installé en Norvège, où il devient un journaliste politique de renom. A partir de l’automne 1945, il assiste au procès de Nuremberg en tant que correspondant de guerre envoyé par la presse scandinave. A la suite de cela, il publie en 1946 le livre intitulé Criminels et autres Allemands , puis la brochure « Nuremberg – la Norvège – le verdict ». Il accueille favorablement la naissance d’une justice internationale et porte dans l’ensemble un jugement positif sur le fonctionnement du tribunal. Son point de vue est dans une large mesure celui du ressortissant d’un pays occupé par l’Allemagne nazie et d’un opposant allemand au nazisme. Il souhaite la condamnation sévère des criminels et estime que tous les Allemands doivent assumer la responsabilité de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et des massacres et destructions perpétrés par les nazis.
Le service des Urgences aujourd'hui
Authors: Galichon Bertrand
Published: February 2014

Les Urgences sont en première ligne face à la montée des précarités. Pour continuer à assurer leur triple mission – envers le malade, envers la société, envers l’hôpital lui-même – elles doivent dépasser l’image de l’urgentiste épuisé, accablé de travail et de violences. Dans un contexte contraignant en termes de moyens humains et matériels, il leur faut impérativement innover * .
De la violence en institutions pour personnes âgées
Authors: Pellerin Jérôme
Published: February 2014

La violence dans les institutions pour personnes âgées est un phénomène toujours en recomposition, malgré les dispositifs spécifiques conçus pour l’évacuer. C’est pourquoi elle doit faire l’objet d’un travail de questionnement collectif permanent.
Pour une approche enactive de la parole dans les langues
Authors: Bottineau Didier
Published: February 2014

Le paradigme de l’enaction en sciences cognitives fait coïncider la cognition avec l’ (inter) action des corps vivants d’une espèce donnée dans un environnement tel qu’elle le produit selon ses modalités propres. Cette approche de la relation cognition/corporéité a pour les sciences du langage des conséquences essentielles. La présente étude en décline les facettes dans les domaines de la parole, de la prononciation et de la grammaire des langues.
De la langue en mouvement à la parole vivante : théâtre et didactique des langues
Authors: Aden Joëlle
Published: February 2014

L’interculturation du monde, la réorganisation systémique des espaces socio-économiques et les avancées des neurosciences cognitives placent les didactiques des langues et des cultures dans un « paradigme de la reliance » (Aden, Grimshaw & Penz 2010). Nous nous intéresserons ici plus précisément aux théories neuro-phénoménologiques qui nous invitent à reconsidérer la place de l’expérience corporelle, sensorielle et émotionnelle dans le développement des compétences langagières. Dans cet article, nous verrons comment le théâtre, prenant appui sur les mécanismes d’empathie (imitation, résonance, anticipation), nous invite à imaginer de nouvelles pédagogies interculturelles et plurilingues.
La datation des événements
Authors: Van de Velde Danièle
Published: February 2014

Cet article repose sur l’idée que les événements partagent avec les dates la propriété d’être essentiellement ponctuels, et que dater un événement suppose que l’on commence par le viser comme un point, pour affirmer sa coïncidence avec un autre point, lui-même déjà situé dans le temps, et qui peut être soit une date au sens propre, soit un autre événement. Les dates elles-mêmes sont repérées par le recours à une combinaison de divers événements cosmiques cycliques, et d’un événement historique fondateur. La datation est la condition de l’identification des événements : la mention des participants n’y suffit pas, puisque tout événement peut se répéter en conservant les mêmes participants. Mais la datation n’achève pas l’identification des événements, leur localisation spatiale est tout aussi essentielle, ce qui donne aux événements leur statut ontologique particulier d’entités à la fois spatiales et temporelles.
De la philosophie considérée comme un sport
Authors: Bouveresse Jacques
Published: February 2014

Valéry dit de Monsieur Teste qu’un de ses dadas fut de vouloir conserver l’art « tout en exterminant les illusions d’artiste et d’auteur ». Le rapport de Valéry lui-même à la philosophie semble avoir été marqué pareillement par la volonté de la conserver tout en la débarrassant de ses illusions. Une des suggestions qu’il fait (et qu’il lui arrive, du reste, d’appliquer également à la littérature) à propos de la forme sous laquelle elle peut espérer survivre consiste à la concevoir et à la pratiquer désormais essentiellement comme un sport.
Une œuvre impossible ? Opéra et tragédie dans les écrits théoriques de Wagner
Authors: Bégot Jacques-Olivier
Published: February 2014

Dans la série des textes de Zurich où Wagner jette les bases théoriques de « l’œuvre d’art de l’avenir », la condamnation de l’opéra est sans appel. Pour étayer sa critique systématique, Wagner fait appel au modèle que représente à ses yeux la tragédie grecque, pour des raisons à la fois esthétiques (seule la tragédie réalise la fusion des arts en une unité digne de ce nom) et sociales et politiques (à la tragédie, authentique « œuvre d’art commune », s’oppose l’opéra comme produit de luxe destiné à une élite de privilégiés). Aussi clair que soit le contraste, une difficulté subsiste : pourquoi Wagner refuse-t-il, pour intituler ses propres créations, le terme de « drame » ou de « drame musical » ? L’œuvre d’art de l’avenir relèverait-elle d’un art sans nom ?
La déformation en tant que principe de déreprésentation
Authors: Carbone Mauro
Published: February 2014

Dans « La déformation en tant que principe de dé représentation : le Cézanne des philosophes français », Mauro Carbone analyse l’intérêt que Merleau-Ponty, Lyotard, Maldiney et Deleuze ont porté à la peinture de Cézanne. Si tous les quatre s’accordent pour y voir une œuvre de dé représentation, la manière dont chacun d’eux interprète celle-ci est singulière. La rupture que le peintre opère avec l’espace rationalisé et homogène peut être ainsi vu comme le moyen de restituer une vision d’avant la perception, comme l’affleurement du désir, comme Gestaltung ou encore comme critique de la représentation.
Le maire, un financier pas comme les autres
Authors: Valletoux Philippe
Published: February 2014

Globalement responsables de la gestion de budgets représentant au total plus de 6 % du produit intérieur brut national, les maires ne sont pourtant pas des financiers comme les autres. Sans véritable formation préalable en la matière, il leur appartient en effet de savoir dépasser (et souvent se méfier) des techniques financières parfois hasardeuses pour, au contraire, exercer pleinement leur magistère financier. Celui-ci – en assurant la synthèse entre solutions de court terme et impératifs de stratégie pluriannuelle – est la clé du bon fonctionnement des services publics qu’ils ont mission d’assurer à leurs concitoyens. Cet article propose quelques réflexions susceptibles de les guider en la matière.
L'intercommunalité : menace ou atout ?
Authors: Richard Alain
Published: February 2014

L’intercommunalité, née comme un simple prolongement de la commune aux pouvoirs limités, devient à la fin du xx e  siècle une mise en commun très encadrée des compétences et moyens communaux. Les réformes en cours d’examen sont porteuses d’une véritable inversion des rôles, la commune perdant beaucoup de ses capacités réelles de décision. Le citoyen, pour qui c’est le principal lieu de participation démocratique, risque de se sentir dépossédé.