bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiome manipulation and enhanced weathering stimulate CO2 removal in reforestation
Authors: Waring Bonnie , Averill Colin , Bidartondo Martin , Suz Laura , Beerling David , Crowther Thomas , Lancastle Lena , Clayton Katherine , Gobelius Laura , Jones Gregory , Lindsay Oliver , Steidinger Brian , Allen Heather , Nicholls Charles
Published: February 2025

Limiting future warming requires both drastic reductions in carbon emissions, and removal of past emissions from the atmosphere. Socioeconomic and biophysical limits on the efficacy of nature-based carbon dioxide removals (such as reforestation) mean that the natural carbon sequestration capacity of forests should be maximized, wherever reforestation is implemented. Here we report on a large-scale (11.5 ha) field trial testing co-deployment of two strategies to increase forest carbon capture: modification of the soil microbiome, and enhanced rock weathering (ERW) via addition of crushed silicate rock. Individual monitoring of 6,400 trees over three years revealed that individual saplings grew 7% larger, on average, when inoculated with soils from nearby mature forest. Meanwhile, the ERW treatment augmented aboveground carbon stocks by 27% and elevated plant tissue nutrients. We conclude that co-deploying early-stage reforestation with microbial enrichment or ERW can increase forest carbon sequestration by 69–159 kg C ha− 1 in the first three years post-planting.
Single-cell atlas reveals the resistance of cortex cells to bacterial wilt in peanut roots
Authors: yin dongmei , Zhao Kai , Li Yanzhe , Chen Zhuo , Cao Zenghui , Ma Xingli , Gong Fangping , Tu Yue , Li Zhongfeng , Sun Zhanmin , Zhang Xuemin , Zhang Lin , Qiu Ding , Zhang Xingguo , Ren Rui , Zhao Kunkun , Varshney Rajeev , Zhang Xinyou , Liang Zhe
Published: February 2025

Peanut bacterial wilt (BW) is an extremely destructive soil-borne disease capable of causing yield losses exceeding 50%. However, the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to BW remains elusive. Here, we present the first single-cell expression atlas of peanut roots, comparing a BW-resistant ariety (H108) with a susceptible variety (H107). We profiled 24,384 and 23,693 cells from the varieties, categorizing them into 10 distinct cell types with in situ hybridization confirming. Among them, 2,148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly concentrated in cortex cells. Notably, the Ah2J79JM gene, which encodes protease inhibitors (AhKTI), was validated as responsive to Ralstonia solanacearum infection. Overexpression of Ah2J79JM in peanuts resulted in more densely arranged cortex cells, significantly enhancing resistance to BW. The study highlights the architecture of cortex cells as a crucial defensive barrier and provides a valuable single-cell genetic resource, along with insights into the mechanisms underlying BW resistance to facilitate peanut improvement.
Archaeal lineages related to eukaryotes encode functional diterpenoid cyclases
Authors: Baker Brett , McShea Hanon , De Anda Valerie , Brocks Jochen , Welander Paula
Published: February 2025

The first eukaryotic cell originated through the union of an archaeon (Asgardarchaeota) and a bacterium (Alphaproteobacteria)1–4. Little is known about the molecular basis of eukaryogenesis, but it is likely that lipids played a key role in this process. Modern eukaryotic membranes contain polycyclic triterpenoids (mainly sterols) that are essential for a variety of cellular functions, but these lipids have not been identified in archaea. The lipid composition of Asgardarchaeota including the newly described class Hodarchaeales, which share a common ancestor with eukaryotes, is unknown. Here, we investigated the potential for Asgards to produce cyclic terpenoids. Phylogenomics coupled with structural prediction revealed that Asgards lack the capacity to make sterols, yet organisms from the clades Hodarchaeales and Kariarcheales encode for divergent homologs of sterol cyclases, predicted to produce diterpenoids. We tested the functionality of these enzymes in vitro, showing that they cyclize geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to form bicyclic halimadienyl pyrophosphate. Halimadienyl lipids have previously been shown to mediate intracellular persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host endosomes5–7, and may function similarly Asgardarchaeota. This is the first evidence of experimentally validated diterpenoid cyclases in archaea, providing new insights into the biochemistry of these microbes pivotal in the evolution of complex cellular life.
Effectiveness of CONFIVAC, an intervention to enhance Paediatric Nurses and Paediatricians skills to promote vaccination: a mixed-methods cluster randomised clinical trial
Authors: Roel Elena , Henderson Elisabet , Valmayor Sara , Porthé Victoria , Asensio Alba , Ramírez-Morros Anna , Bruna Xavier , Pasarín M Isabel , Rius Cristina , Díez Elia , Group CONFIVAC Research
Published: February 2025

Background
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) poses a significant challenge to achieving optimal vaccination coverages worldwide. Paediatric healthcare workers (PHCWs) are fundamental in promoting vaccination but often lack adequate training to address VH. We designed CONFIVAC, an evidence-based training program developed using intervention mapping to enhance PHCWs' knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills in managing VH and fostering a culture of immunization in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
We conducted a mixed methods study including a cluster-randomized controlled trial with142 PHCWs in Barcelona and Central Catalonia, Spain from October 2023 to February 2024 and a qualitative study using a thematic analysis. Paediatric teams were randomized into intervention (CONFIVAC) and control (standard care) arms. CONFIVAC included 12 hours of online and in-person training on vaccine knowledge, communication strategies, and organizational tools. Outcomes were assessed through self-administered questionnaires at baseline (T0) and four months later (T1). Key outcomes included vaccine-promoting behaviours (presumptive communication, anticipation of upcoming vaccines, and explicit vaccine recommendations) and self-perception of adequate training to handle VH. We performed logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals using an intention-to-treat approach. Focus groups provided qualitative insights.
Results
At T1, PHCWs in the intervention arm were more likely to use presumptive communication (aOR: 4.05 [2.30;7.15]) and anticipate upcoming vaccines (aOR: 2.64 [1.50;4.65]) than controls. Explicitly recommending vaccination when encountering cases of VH did not reach statistical significance (aOR: 1.75 [0.89;3.44]). Self-perception of adequate training was higher in the intervention arm (aOR: 3.85 [2.10;7.03]). Satisfaction with the training was high, and focus group participants reported improved communication strategies, more empathy towards VH families, and increased confidence in managing VH situations.
Discussion
CONFIVAC enhanced PHCWs' vaccine-promoting behaviours and self-efficacy, demonstrating the value of accessible, evidence-based training programs to support vaccination efforts in routine practice.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials NCT06489236
Accessing to additional diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through long-read sequencing: Impact on redefinition of transmission clusters
Authors: Serrano Sergio Buenestado , Vallejo-Godoy Silvia , Martínez-Lirola Miguel , Cabezas Teresa , Muñoz Patricia , Pérez-Lago Laura , de Viedma Darío García
Published: February 2025

Whole-genome sequencing, supported on short-read-sequencing, has revolutionized the precision to track Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission. However, the high GC content (65%) and repetitive regions (10%) of the MTB genome challenge short-read mapping and assembly, leading to the exclusion of certain genomic regions from the analysis. Long-read-sequencing can overcome these limitations, giving access to these regions, generally uninterrogated. Our study aims to evaluate the potential of long-read sequencing in redefining long-term MTB transmission clusters, previously characterized by short-read sequencing. We selected 78 cases from eight long-term clusters (5–17 years; 7 to 16 cases), from a population-based genomic epidemiology program in Almería, Spain. The clusters were carefully selected to ensure cases i) infected by identical strains, ii) exhibiting pairwise-SNP-based distances from 1 to 16 SNPs and iii) distributed along different branches in the genomic networks. Long-read analysis increased the distances of each cluster from the reference by an average of 258 SNPs and intercluster distances by 113 SNPs. Within-cluster diversity also increased, with pairwise distances rising from 1 to 22 SNPs across 1–7 network branches. In one cluster, the acquisition of diversity led to overpass the 12-SNP threshold. Additionally, in four clusters, 1–2 cases previously classified as infected by identical strains were now reclassified due to the identification of additional SNP differences. Thanks to the identification of new diversity between the cases we could reconstruct transmission links and propose new epidemiological interpretations among the cases in cluster.
Varved sediments of Lake Gorzyńskie, western Poland: a new archive of climatic and environmental changes during the Late Glacial and the Holocene in central Europe
Authors: Kril Maria , Bonk Alicja , Żarczyński Maurycy , Zolitschka Bernd , Tylmann Wojciech
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present a newly discovered varved sediment site located in western Poland, where such records are scarce. The sediment profile from Lake Gorzyńskie is 10.45 meters long and covers the last ca. 13,250 years. Using varve counting and varve thickness measurements together with radiometric dating (14C, 210Pb, 137Cs), a robust age-depth model was developed. Sediment lithology, varve microfacies, and statistical analysis of the chemical composition allow the identification of six depositional phases: the late Allerød (≈ 13,250–12,675 cal BP), the Younger Dryas (12,675–11,600 cal BP), the early Holocene (11,600–9,100 cal BP), the main part of the Holocene (9,100–2,250 cal BP), and two phases of the late Holocene (2,250–750 cal BP, 750 cal BP–present). The Younger Dryas is remarkably well recorded with a pronounced increase in allochthonous deposition followed by stable sedimentation during the early Holocene and by increased variability since 9,100 cal BP. Short-term fluctuations coinciding with known paleoclimatic events such as the Preboreal Oscillation and the 10.3 k climate event, are also evident. Distinct changes during the late Holocene are associated with increasing human impact. The Lake Gorzyńskie sediment record offers not only insights into long-term trends of the environmental history in western Poland but also into short-term paleoclimate variability since the Late Glacial.
Postpartum women’s prospective acceptability of long-acting HIV prevention approaches in Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Concepcion Tessa , Kinuthia John , Otieno Felix A , Akim Eunita , Aketch Helen , Gómez Laurén , John-Stewart Grace , Suh Bih Moki , Nzove Emmaculate M , Ngumbau Nancy , Mogaka Jerusha N , Obatsa Sarah , Odhiambo Ben O , Omom Caroline , Strong Marin , Wagner Anjuli D , Watoyi Salphine , Pintye Jillian
Published: February 2025

Background
New long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis (LA-PrEP) options offer an alternative to daily oral PrEP, which poses difficulties for adherence, especially during pregnancy and postpartum. Yet, limited data exist on LA-PrEP acceptability among pregnant and postpartum women. We aimed to evaluate its acceptability and identify strategies to enhance it.
Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study with postpartum women in five public health facilities in Kisumu and Siaya Counties, Kenya. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with women expressing high, low, and mixed LA-PrEP interest throughout pregnancy and postpartum. Inductive and deductive content analysis was used, and themes of acceptability were explored using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA).
Results
We conducted 70 IDIs with postpartum women between August 2023 and March 2024. The majority (62.9%) expressed consistently high interest in LA-PrEP. Most viewed LA-PrEP, especially every two-month injectables, as highly acceptable due to reduced pill burden, side effects, and dosing frequency. Concerns were raised regarding injectable PrEP safety for the baby during pregnancy and suitability of using the vaginal ring during delivery. Participants emphasized the importance of education on the safety of these methods during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and strategies for improving adherence, such as mobile reminders. Overall, women preferred LA-PrEP options over daily oral PrEP for convenience, effectiveness, and privacy, with healthcare provider education seen as crucial.
Discussion
We found high acceptability of LA-PrEP options among postpartum women with experience taking PrEP during pregnancy. The findings reveal diverse preferences and key factors influencing acceptability, including safety, discretion, and convenience.
Clinical trial number
Not applicable
Translation of PhET Simulations in Ibibio Language: Enhancing Seamless and Culturally Responsive Learning of Mathematics in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Authors: Akpan Ekemini T. , Udoh Ememobong O. , vieyra Rebecca E.
Published: February 2025

Innovative virtual learning applications are needed to develop twenty first century skills, and mathematical literacy among students in Mathematics Education. This paper assessed the effects of PhET interactive simulation with culturally responsive approach on students’ academic achievements in the concept of special angles in secondary schools. Mayer’s multimedia instructional design principles were adopted to localized the PhET interactive simulation in Ibibio Language(L1). The study was quasi-experimental, with three treatment groups purposively sampled. The findings shown that students taught the concept of special angles using PhET interactive simulations with culturally responsive approach obtained significantly higher academic achievement scores when compared to their counterpart taught the same concept using Interactive Lecturing Approach. Although the study yielded a high statistical power, there was no practical significant difference on students’ academic achievements when taught special angles using PhET interactive simulations with culturally responsive approach, and when taught the same concept using PhET interactive simulations without culturally responsive approach. Gender exerted a nonsignificant influence on students’ academic achievements among the groups. Hence, using PhET interactive simulations with embodied and embedded mother tongue features enhanced academic achievement of students, and contextual instructional delivery in Mathematics. Also, the study underpins situated understanding of Mathematical concept, leading to optimal learning experiences. In the same vein, it fosters the enculturation of mathematical concepts and ethnomathematics, glocalization of ethnopadological technique, and reverted the extinctions of mother tongue in the Nigerian culture. It was recommended that virtual and culturally responsive strategies should be adopted by instructors to diversify instructional delivery in Mathematics Education.
Atorvastatin induced gynecomastia in a dyslipidemic patient.
Authors: Alomari Omar , Işık Arzu Cennet , Ertan Sinem Nur , Karagöz Ali
Published: February 2025

Statins, widely used for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits. However, recent case reports have associated statins with gynecomastia, a condition characterized by benign breast tissue enlargement in males. Gynecomastia can cause significant discomfort and emotional distress. We present the case of a 66-year-old male who developed gynecomastia after two months of atorvastatin therapy at 20 mg/day. The patient, with a history of recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, experienced pain, sensitivity, and growth in both mammary glands. Clinical examination and imaging revealed an increase in fibroglandular tissue, with no cystic or solid lesions. Laboratory tests ruled out other potential causes, including liver disease, hormonal imbalances, and the use of other medications known to cause gynecomastia. After switching the patient’s medication from atorvastatin to rosuvastatin 10 mg/day, a follow-up showed a reduction in pain, sensitivity, and mammary gland enlargement. This case underscores the importance of considering drug-induced gynecomastia when evaluating male patients on statin therapy. While rare, statin-induced gynecomastia is reversible upon discontinuation or modification of the treatment. Clinicians should be aware of this potential side effect to prevent unnecessary investigations and alleviate patient distress.
Undernutrition and associated factors among older adults living in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Admas Yibeltal Wolelaw , Yihenew Addisu , Mekuria Belayneh Addis , Bekele Gebremariam , Gebru Gebremeskel Birhanie , Ejigu Yeshambel , Kebede Awoke , Demissie Berihun Assefa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: In any society, older adults are among the vulnerable and high-risk groups in health status. In this age group undernutrition is a major health concern, multifactorial, and has serious negative consequences including decreased resistance to infection, declined functional status, loss of independence, and affected quality of life but it is inadequately recognized and addressed. Despite their growing numbers and nutritional needs, older people in Ethiopia have been given little attention, and there are limited studies done about undernutrition in this population in Northern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among older adults living in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 5 to November 25, 2024. A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 579 study participants aged 60 and above. The MNA-SF tool was used to assess undernutrition. The data was collected through the Kobo toolbox using face-to-face interviews, entered into Microsoft Excel, and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Variables having a p < 0.25 at bivariable logistic regression were included in the multivariable logistic regression. Finally, variables with a p-value < 0.05 at a 95% CI and adjusted odds ratio were statistically significant in multivariable logistic regression.
Results: Among the 567 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of undernutrition was 24.5% (95% CI: 21.0–28.3). Being female (AOR = 1.81, CI 1.19-2.76), age 80 years and older (AOR = 1.73, CI 1.03-2.91), being unable to read and write (AOR= 3.06, CI 1.54-6.08), being widowed (AOR = 1.63, CI 1.00-2.63) and smoking (AOR = 1.88, CI 1.19-2.99) were significantly associated with undernutrition.
Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that the prevalence of undernutrition among older adults in the study area was high, making it an important public health issue. Being female, age 80 years and older, being widowed, being unable to read and write, and smoking were factors associated with undernutrition. Therefore, we suggest that education focus on very old and female older adults in improving dietary practice, incorporating behavioral supports to assist in the cessation of smoking to ensure healthy aging.
Biparametric MRI and Strain Elastography for Improving Cognitive Targeting in Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Patil Akshay , Venugopal Anand
Published: February 2025

Background: One of the most prevalent cancers in males is prostate cancer, which can be difficult to diagnose because of its ambiguous early signs. Aiming to improve detection accuracy, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in conjunction with strain elastography and biparametric MRI (bpMRI) is an emerging diagnostic approach.
Methods: A tertiary centre in coastal region of Karnatakacarried out this retrospective analysis between March 2022 and December 2024. Thirty-two male patients, ages 45 to 85, whose digital rectal examination revealed palpable anomalies or elevated PSA levels were included in the study. For the assessment of prostate lesions, patients underwent both bpMRI and TRUS/strain elastography. Histopathology results were used as the reference standard to compare the diagnostic performance of these modalities. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were all included in the data analysis.
Results: Of the 32 cases, 56.25% were diagnosed as malignant and 43.75% as benign. The sensitivity and specificity for TRUS/strain elastography were 94.44% and 50%, respectively, compared to 76.47% and 53.33% for bpMRI. Combining both modalities improved specificity to 76.67%. Lesions classified as PI-RADS 4 on bpMRI were the most common in clinically insignificant cancer, while PI-RADS 5 lesions were predominant in clinically significant cases.
Conclusion: TRUS/strain elastography demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to bpMRI in detecting prostate cancer. However, bpMRI contributed to better specificity, especially when combined with TRUS/strain elastography. This combined approach provides a promising method for improving the cognitive targeting of prostate cancer lesions, especially in clinically significant cases.
Prevalence, factors and optimization strategies for contraceptive uptake: A cross-sectional study among adolescents living with HIV at a tertiary hospital in Northern Uganda
Authors: Ajilong Harriet
Published: February 2025

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, contraceptive use among adolescents ranges from 21–42%, with an unmet need of 53–64%. Therefore, client-centered delivery strategies should be explored to improve contraceptive uptake among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda.
Methods: An exploratory mixed methods study that was conducted in adolescents living with HIV aged 12-19 years at Gulu Regional Referral hospital in Northern Uganda. Structuredquestionnaires were used to obtain information on contraceptive use, and the most convenient mode of delivery. Selected key informants identified specific delivery strategies potentially associated with higher contraceptive uptake.
Results: Of the 193 respondents who participated in the study, 108(56%) were females with a mean age of 15 years. Ever use of modern contraceptives was low at 16% because only a small percentage (approximately 20%) were sexually active. Most participants, 54/193 (40%) preferred accessing contraceptives from the adolescent clinic from health workers and peer supporters. Factors associated with increased contraceptive use were tertiary level education and employment. From qualitative analysis participants recommended the separation of adolescent services, peer support and community outreaches to improve uptake.
Conclusion:The contraceptive prevalence rate among HIV-positive adolescents is still low. Contraceptive use is higher among educated or employed adolescents. Services should be provided at adolescent-friendly clinics by trained health workers and peers during school holidays to optimize uptake.
The Potential Roles of 77C>T Variant and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Elevation in Pituitary Adenoma Cases Associated with Acromegaly
Authors: Turki Thualfiqar Ghalib , Sahan Khadija abbas
Published: February 2025

Background: Acromegaly (ACM) is an endocrine disorder characterized by the elevation of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the correlation between the 77C>T (rs368475481) variant in the GHRH gene and elevated growth hormone-releasing hormone levels in patients with acromegaly.
Materials and Methods: This study, conducted from January to August 2024, analyzed 80 samples from Iraqi acromegaly patients collected at the Diabetic National Center, Al-Mustansiriyah University, alongside 80 samples from healthy individuals. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels were quantified using chemiluminescence immunoassay, while growth hormone-releasing hormone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 77C>T (rs368475481) SNP was detected via Sanger sequencing to assess genetic variation between acromegaly patients and healthy controls.
Results: The serum levels of GHRH, GH, and IGF-1 were elevated in acromegaly patients compared to controls. The genetic results indicate the presence of the rs368475481 variation in the amplified fragment of the GHRH gene (a 791 bp amplicon including exons 2 and 3, and intron 2), with the CC homozygous genotype observed in 80 (100%) of controls and 40 (50%) of acromegaly patients. The CT heterozygous genotype was present in 40 (50%) of acromegaly patients.
Conclusion: The elevated levels of growth hormone-releasing hormone and the GHRH 77C>T rs368475481 polymorphism in the GHRH gene were shown to be associated with pituitary adenomas, which cause acromegaly.
Soziotechnische Systemgestaltung im Kontext generativer KI: Eine empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Spirgi Lukas , Seufert Sabine , Delcker Jan , Heil Joana
Published: February 2025

Das Aufkommen von ChatGPT hat disruptive Auswirkungen auf die Hochschulbildung. Nach dem sozio-technischen Systemdesign sind Hochschulen als Organisationen zu verstehen, in denen technische und soziale Subsysteme interagieren. Den Kern des Systemdesigns bildet dabei die (neue) Aufgabenteilung bei der Interaktion zwischen Menschen und Maschine. Diese Studie untersucht generative KI (ChatGPT) als soziotechnische Innovation in der Hochschulbildung, indem sie die ethischen Grundsätze für die Nutzung von KI sowie die Häufigkeit und Art der Nutzung von ChatGPT durch Studierende analysiert. Die befragten Studierenden (???? = 699) zeigen große Unsicherheiten sowie Bedenken hinsichtlich der ethischen Nutzung von ChatGPT. Die Studierenden nutzen ChatGPT vor allem als Hilfe beim wissenschaftlichen Schreiben und vereinzelt als Lernhilfe (≈ 10 %). Weibliche Studierende nutzen ChatGPT signifikant weniger als männliche Studierende. Die durchgeführte Clusteranalyse ergibt drei Typen: gelegentliche Nutzer:innen (≈ 50 % aller Studierenden), regelmäßige Nutzer:innen (≈ 35 %) und intensive Nutzer:innen (≈ 15 %). Die Ergebnisse der Studie liefern einen Diskussionsbeitrag zur Hochschulentwicklung aus der Perspektive der soziotechnischen Systemgestaltung.
KI in der akademischen Prüfungsbewertung: Anforderungen und Leitlinien
Authors: Hofmann Josefine
Published: February 2025

Die Integration von Künstlicher Intelligenz in die akademische Prüfungsbewertung stellt Hochschulen vor ethische, technische und rechtliche Herausforderungen. Essenziell sind faire und transparente Bewertungsprozesse, die ethischen und akademischen Standards entsprechen, sowie die Einhaltung des Datenschutzes gemäß Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO). Die Verantwortung für KI-Entscheidungen muss klar geregelt sein, und menschliche Überprüfungen der KI-gestützten Ergebnisse sind unerlässlich. Diese Arbeit beleuchtet die ethischen, rechtlichen und technischen Rahmenbedingungen für den Einsatz von KI in der akademischen Prüfungsbewertung und bietet Leitlinien für eine faire und transparente Anwendung in der Hochschullehre.
Lehren mit generativer KI. Eine Diskussion aktueller Rollenentwürfe und Interaktionsmodelle
Authors: Biesenbach Denise , Siegfried-Laferi Meike
Published: February 2025

Seit dem Einzug von ChatGPT in die Hochschullehre wird verstärkt diskutiert, inwieweit sich die Lehrendenrolle im Rahmen KI-unterstützter Lehre wandelt und mit welchen Begriffen die Interaktion mit generativer KI in der Lehre angemessen beschrieben werden kann. Mit den alternativen Vorstellungen von KI als kognitivem Werkzeug sowie KI als Kooperationspartnerin greift dieser Beitrag zwei hochschuldidaktisch relevante Beschreibungsmodelle auf, um deren Implikationen hinsichtlich Rollenverständnissen und Verantwortlichkeiten im Rahmen kompetenten Lehrhandelns zu diskutieren und Anforderungen an einen reflektierten Umgang mit generativer KI in der Lehre zu formulieren.
Neue Technologie, alte Muster? Motivationale Aspekte und geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede bei Hochschullehrenden in Zusammenhang mit Künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Tulis Maria , Cramer Leoni , Kinskofer Franziska , Fischer Elena
Published: February 2025

Dieser Beitrag untersucht motivationale Aspekte und geschlechtsbezogene Unterschiede von Hochschullehrenden in Österreich im Umgang mit Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Basierend auf der Analyse von 1.767 Selbstberichten zeigt die Studie im Einklang mit bisherigen Forschungsarbeiten, dass der wahrgenommene Nutzen und die subjektive Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit im Umgang mit KI entscheidende Prädiktoren für die Nutzungsabsicht sind. Weibliche Lehrende erleben sich als weniger selbstsicher im Umgang mit KI. Für das subjektive Kompetenz- und Kontrollerleben spielte für männliche Lehrende die technische, für weibliche Lehrende die didaktische Unterstützung eine wesentliche Rolle.
Editorial: Künstliche Intelligenz in der forschungsgeleiteten Hochschullehre
Authors: Jadin Tanja , Gröblinger Ortrun , Brandhofer Gerhard , Raunig Michael
Published: February 2025

Die vorliegende ZFHE-Sonderausgabe versammelt aktuelle Forschungsvorhaben und -perspektiven, die KI-induzierte Veränderungen der Hochschulbildung im breitesten Sinn ausloten und zugleich auch Reflexions- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen. Um das breite Spektrum an Themen, Methoden, Zugängen und Maßnahmen abzubilden, umfasst die Ausgabe zwei Hefte mit einer umfangreichen Auswahl an Beiträgen.
Empirical investigation of a GPT-4o mini-based tutor for the learning of R programming
Authors: Von Dielingen Jana , Rebholz Tobias R. , Papenmeier Frank
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of an AI-based tutor using GPT-4o mini on R programming task outcomes and subjective evaluations among psychology students at the University of Tübingen. Students were divided into three groups: AI tutor, video tutorial, or both. Confirmatory analyses showed no significant differences in performance points and subjective evaluations across the three groups. Descriptive results and exploratory analyses suggest that our AI tutor improved subjective evaluations of the learning environment without affecting time on task or performance. We discuss the implications of our results for future research on the use of AI in higher education.
A evolução do número de instituições de ensino superior e a extensão universitária no Brasil em uma linha do tempo
Authors: CONTERATO Leandro Gaspar , BANDOS Melissa Cavalcanti
Published: February 2025

A extensão é uma política pública que fortalece as bases do ensino superior e a formação profissional, articulando as instituições às necessidades da sociedade e ao território. O Conselho Nacional de Educação, por meio da Resolução nº. 7/2018, estabeleceu um prazo de até 2022 para que as instituições se adequassem às novas diretrizes. O objetivo geral deste artigo é apresentar a construção da cronologia sobre a extensão universitária, na qual a curricularização da extensão universitária se insere como uma política pública para o desenvolvimento social. Assim, a partir de uma pesquisa documental, foi elaborado um histórico da evolução da universidade brasileira em um recorte sobre a política pública de extensão até a conjuntura atual. O resultado consiste na composição de uma linha do tempo com a evolução do número de instituições de ensino superior e os principais marcos históricos que nortearam a extensão universitária no Brasil até o momento da curricularização da extensão.
Mixmasters in Wonderland: Chaotic dynamics from Carroll limits of gravity
Authors: Oling Gerben , Pedraza Juan
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate that the Carroll limit of general relativity coupled to matter captures the chaotic mixmaster dynamics of near-singularity limits. Zooming in on the behavior of general relativity close to spacelike singularities reveals rich and solvable ultra-local Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) dynamics, which we show to be captured by a Carroll limit. Specifically, building on recent work on geometric Carroll expansions of general relativity, we establish that leading-order Carroll gravity, with suitable matter coupling, accurately describes well-known cosmological billiards behavior. Since the Carroll limit implements the ultra-local limit off shell, this opens up the door to a wide range of possible tractable applications, including spatially inhomogeneous setups and the emergence of spikes at late times. This further suggests that Carroll gravity, along with its subleading corrections, could serve as a valuable tool for studying deep infrared physics in AdS/CFT.
THE CAPABILITY-BASED VIEW OF R&D AND MANUFACTURING INTERFACE IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Gusberti Tomoe Daniela Hamanaka , Neumann Carla Simone Ruppenthal
Published: February 2025

Actual technological development does not occur solely when new technological products become available. It just effectively occurs by the application of value-adding processes. These processes can only occur after manufacturing processes become viable. Therefore, companies must remain agile during product development, manufacturing, and supply and value-adding processes. The needs of the extended company must be considered. This paper presents a theoretical discussion of the utilization of CBV literature as the basis for the configuration of the extended company. The qualitative, multidisciplinary, and theoretical research conducted for this paper was based on the inductive method. Manufacturing Management, Research and Development, Business Model, and Capability-Based View knowledge domains were evaluated to discover their potential contributions to design approach elements. The Capability-Based View is proposed as an approach that can be employed in the planning process for new enterprises. It can also be included in performance measurement processes. This approach enables monitoring and decision making during the evolution of Business Models by the use of organizational capabilities as the change-tolerant, performance measurement monitoring unit. This work contributes to the current literature by presenting an analysis of several knowledge domains based on the design approach. It also provides a discussion of methods of unification and suggests further research that should be conducted to enable the design of an adequate Business Model for dynamic environments.
TEORIA ZIG-ZAG POLINOMIAL DE ALTA ORDEM UNIFICADA PARA ANÁLISE DE VIGAS COMPÓSITAS LAMINADAS
Authors: Leite Leonardo Fellipe Prado , Rocha Fabio Carlos da
Published: February 2025

Atualmente, variadas classes de indústria necessitam de peças e produtos mais eficientes e especializados para cada finalidade, principalmente em áreas como engenharia bélica, aeronáutica, aeroespacial, mecânica e civil. Para suprir essa necessidade, existem os materiais compósitos, os quais unem dois ou mais materiais diferentes com o objetivo de obter propriedades finais desejáveis. Muitos desses materiais são utilizados como elementos estruturais, como é o caso das vigas compósitas laminadas, e precisam de uma descrição matemática para o seu comportamento. Uma das teorias de vigas laminadas largamente utilizada é a “Zig-Zag” que busca uma aproximação do campo de deslocamento de cada lâmina. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma formulação para a teoria zig-zag de forma unificada, combinando uma função zig-zag polinomial de alta ordem com diversas cinemáticas de vigas, também de alta ordem. Na análise dos resultados, foram realizadas comparações dos campos de resposta de cada combinação de teorias em relação aos valores de referência.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA PARA AUTOMAÇÃO DE PEDIDOS ATRELADOS A TÉCNICAS DE MARKETING DIGITAL
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Silva , Flores Junior Onivaldo
Published: February 2025

Levando em consideração a crescente demanda de tecnologia nas empresas e a expansão do setor de serviços de beleza, o objetivo do presente estudo de caso é a implantação de um sistema de automação de pedidos atrelados a técnicas de marketing digital em um Salão de Beleza, a fim de automatizar o processo de venda e entregar os anúncios ao público de cidades da região do Vale do Ivaí. O Sistema de pedidos conta com uma parcela dos produtos disponíveis no Salão, os mesmos foram anunciados através das redes sociais, dispondo do tráfego orgânico a fim de observar o melhor horário para realizar as publicações, buscando maior engajamento e utilizando-se do tráfego pago com o intuito de obter melhor desempenho e entrega do conteúdo à clientela em potencial. Também foi utilizada lista de transmissão no WhatsApp, a fim de entregar os anúncios de forma mais rápida à uma quantia maior de pessoas que já são clientes do referido Salão. Os dados foram obtidos através do sistema de pedidos e análise das publicações feitas no Facebook e Instagram, através da ferramenta Insigts do Meta Business Suite. Os resultados deixam claro que a utilização do sistema tem impacto positivo na empresa, uma vez que obtiveram um aumento notável comparando com a venda dos mesmos produtos anteriormente quando faziam somente uso de postagens simples e não dispendiam de utilização de sistema de pedidos online.
PARÂMETROS MORFOMÉTRICOS E USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO DE DUAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA
Authors: Cenachi Henrique de Andrade , Da Silva Diego Nicomedes , Reginaldo Eleidimar , Rocha Adriana de Paula , Dias Herly Carlos Texeira
Published: February 2025

Bacias hidrográficas são áreas delimitadas por divisores topográficos na qual toda a água que cai nessa área irá escoar para um único ponto em comum. Para se conhecer a bacia hidrográfica é calculado os parâmetros morfométricos (características geométricas, características do relevo, rede de drenagem). A caracterização da bacia possibilita aos gestores conhecê-la, auxiliando-os nas tomadas de decisões. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo delimitar e realizar a caracterização morfométricas de duas bacias presentes no município de Viçosa- Mg, posteriormente fazer a comparação dos resultados para se saber qual bacia é mais suscetível a enchentes. Para a realização do trabalho foi utilizado os softwares Qgis® e Microsoft excel®. Foram escolhidas duas bacias com áreas aproximadas. Para a bacia do córrego Silvestre os parâmetros foram: A: 12,02 km2; F: 0,52; Kc: 1,69; IC: 0,35; Zmax: 821m e Dd: 2,25 km km-2. Já para a bacia Córrego dos nobres os valores são: A: 12,26 km2, F: 0,37; Kc: 1,81; IC: 0,30; Zmax: 887m e Dd: 2,41 km km-2. Apesar de áreas aproximadas as bacias possuem formas, relevo, uso e ocupação do solo consequentemente comportamentos hidrológicos diferentes. Os dados encontrados demonstram que a bacia do córrego Silvestre apresenta maior suscetibilidade a enchentes. A morfometria diferenciada entre as bacias evidencia a necessidade de um manejo específico para cada uma.
ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DA GERAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDA EM UM SISTEMA ELÉTRICO DE POTÊNCIA ATRAVÉS DO OPENDSS
Authors: Lemes Vitor Jose , Alves Guilherme Henrique , Júnior Lúcio Rogério
Published: February 2025

O crescente aumento da demanda energética nos últimos anos e a preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente têm impulsionado a busca por novas fontes de energia. Nesse contexto, as fontes renováveis ​​vêm ganhando destaque, especialmente a geração solar. Devido às políticas de incentivo à geração de energia limpa e à maior disponibilidade de tecnologias, tem sido observado um expressivo aumento na instalação de unidades de geração fotovoltaica conectadas à rede elétrica por meio da geração distribuída. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da geração distribuída nos níveis de tensão e nas perdas de um sistema elétrico, utilizando o software OpenDSS e o sistema de 13 barras do IEEE como padrão. . Após as simulações e análises, foram observados impactos positivos através da diminuição de perdas devida a redução das correntes, e negativos em razão do aumento dos perfis de tensão das barras.
CONTROLE SEGUIDOR ROBUSTO DE UM SISTEMA VIGA-HÉLICE VIA DESIGUALDADES MATRICIAIS LINEARES
Authors: Souza Bispo Vitor Hugo , Carvalho de Camargo Lucas , Breganon Ricardo , Lendzion Tomaz Alves Uiliam Nelson
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho trata do projeto de um controlador para um sistema Viga-Hélice capaz de seguir uma referência desejada, garantindo sua estabilidade mesmo quando existem incertezas na planta. A técnica escolhida para o projeto do controlador foi o seguidor de referência, via Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares. Inicialmente, é feita uma revisão teórica sobre controle seguidor de referência e Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares. Em seguida, são apresentados conceitos fundamentais sobre o sistema Viga-Hélice e seu modelo matemático, permitindo assim a exposição da metodologia empregada para projetar o controlador robusto. Por fim, foram realizados simulações e testes com um protótipo de bancada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que é possível projetar um controlador robusto para um sistema Viga-Hélice utilizando Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares, mesmo quando sujeito a restrições de projeto, tais como restrição na norma do ganho do controlador e taxa de decaimento. O controlador projetado apresentou desempenho adequado na presença de incertezas no modelo, garantindo a estabilidade do sistema e seguindo a referência desejada de forma eficiente.
CONCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO SOBRE A EVOLUÇÃO BIOLÓGICA
Authors: Das Graças Laís Aparecida , Barros de Souza Alex Sandro , Pires Fazion Fernanda Aparecida
Published: February 2025

A evolução biológica é tema essencial para compreensão de diversas outras áreas da biologia incluindo alguns assuntos cotidianos e importantes para a vida social. Existem inúmeras dificuldades do ensino de evolução em escolas e universidades, entre elas a falta de preparo dos docentes, a defasagem nos materiais didáticos e a falta de embasamentos dos estudantes para a compreensão desse tema. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar quais as concepções de estudantes dos terceiros e quartos anos do ensino médio do Instituto Federal do Paraná- Campus Umuarama com relação à evolução biológica. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário contendo 20 afirmativas objetivas sobre o tema e as seguintes opções de resposta: concordo totalmente, concordo, indeciso ou não tenho opinião, discordo e discordo totalmente. Os resultados evidenciaram uma dificuldade de compreensão da teoria evolutiva, pois muitos estudantes consideraram evolução como sinal de progresso/melhoria e que ocorre de acordo com a necessidade da espécie. Além disso, foi observada uma grande dificuldade para os alunos compreenderem o tempo geológico, pois as escalas de tempo que estamos acostumados são menores. Outro resultado importante é que a maioria dos estudantes, aproximadamente 60%, compreende que todos os seres vivos possuem um ancestral comum e que passaram por processos evolutivos, isso significa que entendem o conceito de primitivo e derivado. Com base nesses resultados é possível perceber que mesmo possuindo concepções adequadas os estudantes ainda confundem bastante o conceito de evolução biológica. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (nº 5.421.772).
A MUSICALIZAÇÃO E APRENDIZAGEM: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA MÚSICA NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Dos Reis Silva Julia Nathaly , Alves dos Reis Elisangela , Pereira De Souza Ferrari Meire , Gaiotto Paulo Alexandre
Published: February 2025

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar os pressupostos teóricos que destacam a relevância da musicalização no espaço escolar, a fim de compreendê-la como um recurso potencialmente significativo que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores, sobretudo no que se refere à atenção, concentração e memória. Para tanto, levantamos as seguintes problemáticas: Qual o conceito de música? Qual a relevância da música no contexto escolar? Qual o histórico da educação musical no Brasil? Quais práticas de musicalização podem ser utilizadas pelos docentes? Partimos do pressuposto de que a musicalização promove um ambiente receptivo e acolhedor para a aprendizagem pois, representa uma importante fonte de estímulos, equilíbrio e felicidade para os estudantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa cujo caráter é bibliográfico, toma por base  os aportes teóricos que discutem a temática e demonstra a importância da musicalização no contexto escolar; a linguagem musical como recurso lúdico de aprendizagem; a música no contexto do componente curricular de Arte; legislação e a educação musical; o valor educativo da música e metodologias para trabalhar a educação musical. Nesse sentido, apresentamos o conceito de música, a história e a memória da educação musical no Brasil, a Arte enquanto disciplina e componente curricular na escola, com intuito de problematizar sobre a relevância da música e seus benefícios no melhoramento das capacidades cognitiva, social e cultural,  colaborando em diversas áreas do conhecimento como a matemática, linguagens e filosofia. Em virtude dessa flexibilidade, a interdisciplinaridade entre a música e a educação é vista como um poderoso instrumento para viabilizar um crescimento exponencial da capacidade de aprendizagem de inúmeros discentes, possibilitando um ambiente de inclusão e socialização.
VALIDAÇÃO DA TEORIA DO ELEMENTO DE PÁ E MOMENTO E DINÂMICA DOS FLUIDOS COMPUTACIONAL UTILIZANDO RESULTADOS EXPERIMENTAIS DA HÉLICE SR2
Authors: Oliveira Nícolas Lima , Hallak Patrícia Habib , Lemonge Afonso  Celso de Castro , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Vouros Stavros
Published: February 2025

Este estudo tem como objetivo utilizar dois softwares distintos, o JAVAPROP, baseado na teoria do elemento de pá e momento, e o CFX/ANSYS, que utiliza dinâmica de fluidos computacional para encontrar os parâmetros de desempenho aerodinâmico da hélice SR2. Os valores do coeficiente de potência são encontrados para casos onde a taxa de avanço é fixa e o número de Mach é variável e para casos com número de Mach fixo e taxa de avanço variável. Os resultados obtidos com ambos os métodos são comparados com valores obtidos através de resultados experimentais em túnel de vento. Os resultados obtidos no JAVAPROP são melhores nas faixas médias de razão de avanço e número Mach, enquanto perde qualidade nos valores de borda. Os resultados do CFX/ANSYS mostram tendências semelhantes em toda a faixa. Uma segunda malha mais refinada é proposta e seus resultados estão mais próximos dos experimentais.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO ESPACIAL APLICADOS A DADOS DE RESERVATÓRIO DE PETRÓLEO
Authors: Pelegrino Lohann , Aciole Diego , De Souza Grazione , Custódio Lis
Published: February 2025

Na exploração e produção de óleo e gás, o alto custo da aquisição das informações do sistema poço-reservatório, como as propriedades da formação rochosa e as características de sua geometria, fazem com que a coleta de dados utilizados para estimar o comportamento de um dado reservatório seja  realizada em um número limitado de localizações. Uma vez obtido os dados, os métodos de interpolação desempenham um papel crucial no mapeamento da propriedade estudada no reservatório sob análise, permitindo que seja possível estimar seus valores em regiões de interesse em função dos dados previamente coletados. Tendo em vista este cenário, é importante conhecer as limitações do método de interpolação adotado, assim como seu desempenho quando aplicado a diferentes configurações de dados. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma análise comparativa de diferentes métodos de interpolação espacial aplicados na estimativa das propriedades de rochas de um reservatório de petróleo.