bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cathepsin D and its newly identified transport receptor SEZ6L2 can modulate neurite outgrowth
Authors: Boonen Marielle , Staudt Catherine , Gilis Florentine , Oorschot Viola , Klumperman Judith , Jadot Michel
Published: December 2015

How, in the absence of a functional mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P)-signal-dependent transport pathway, some acid hydrolases remain sorted to endolysosomes in the brain is poorly understood. We demonstrate that cathepsin D binds to mouse SEZ6L2, a type 1 transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in the brain. Studies of the subcellular trafficking of SEZ6L2, and its silencing in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line reveal that SEZ6L2 is involved in the trafficking of cathepsin D to endosomes. Moreover, SEZ6L2 can partially correct the cathepsin D hypersecretion resulting from the knockdown of UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase in HeLa cells (i.e. in cells that are unable to synthesize Man-6-P signals). Interestingly, cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D generates an N-terminal soluble fragment that induces neurite outgrowth, whereas its membrane counterpart prevents this. Taken together, our findings highlight that SEZ6L2 can serve as receptor to mediate the sorting of cathepsin D to endosomes, and suggest that proteolytic cleavage of SEZ6L2 by cathepsin D modulates neuronal differentiation.
On resolution of the method of directional magnetotelluric soundings
Authors: Савин Михаил , Savin Mihail
Published: December 2015

The problem is to examine the resolution of directional magnetotelluric soundings (DMTS). Abrupt changes of impedances of electrical and magnetic types in critical region of parameters R~0, J~ωµσ are shown to result in significantly higher resolution of the method as compared with the traditional interpretation using Tikhonov–Cagniard impedance. The stability of solution of DMTS method inverse problem is considered subject to field measurement errors limited the resolution. The minimum of the limits is determined for the conductivity ∆σ/σ small variations. For studying DMTS resolution as applied to MT monitoring of earthquake site the mathematical experiment for three-layer geoelectric model was carried out. When changing the earthquake site conductivity of ∆σ~±10 % variations of reflection coefficient of electric mode are in the range of 20 % that is significantly more than the field measurement error. The possibility for prediction modeling in the context of obtained results is discussed.
Behaviour of the high-energy neutrino flux in the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Кочанов Алексей , Kochanov Aleksey , Морозова Анна , Morozova Anna , Синеговская Татьяна , Sinegovskaya Tatyana , Синеговский Сергей , Sinegovskiy Sergey
Published: December 2015

The processing of the IceCube experiment data, obtained during 988 days (2010-2013), revealed 37 high-energy neutrino-induced events with deposited energies 30 TeV - 2 PeV. The hypothesis of an astrophysical origin of these neutrinos is confirmed at the statistical confidence level of 5.7 standard deviations. To identify reliably the neutrino events, a thorough calculation of the atmospheric neutrino background is required. In this work we calculate the atmospheric neutrino spectra in the energy range 100 GeV - 10 PeV with usage of several hadronic models and a few parametrizations of the cosmic ray spectra, supported by experimental data, which take into account the knee. It is shown that rare decays of short-lived neutral каоns K0_s contribute more than a third of the total electron neutrino flux at the energies above 100 ТeV. The account for kaons production in pion-nucleus collisions increases the electron neutrino flux by 5-7 % in the energy range 10^2 -10^4 GeV. Calculated neutrino spectra agree on the whole with the measurement data. The neutrino flavor ratio, extracted from the IceCube data, possibly indicates that the conventional atmospheric electron neutrino flux obtained in the IceCube experiment contains an admixture of the astrophysical neutrinos in the range 20 − 50 TeV.
Ionospheric reaction on sudden stratospheric warming events in Russia´s Asia region
Authors: Полякова Анна , Polyakova Anna , Черниговская Марина , Chernigovskaya Marina , Перевалова Наталья , Perevalova Natalia
Published: December 2015

The response of the ionosphere to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) in the Asian region of Russia is studied. Two SSW events observed in 2008–2009 and 2012–2013 winter periods of extreme solar minimum and moderate solar maximum are considered. To detect the ionospheric effects caused by SSWs, we carried out a joint analysis of global ionospheric maps (GIM) of the total electron content (TEC), MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder, EOS Aura) measurements of temperature vertical profiles, as well as NCEP/NCAR and UKMO Reanalysis data. For the first time, it was found that during strong SSWs, in the mid-latitude ionosphere the amplitude of diurnal TEC variation decreases nearly half compared to quiet days. At the same time, the intensity of TEC deviations from the background level increases. It was also found that at SSW peak the midday TEC maximum decreases, and night/morning TEC values increase compared to quiet days. It was shown that during SSWs, TEC dynamics was identical for different geophysical conditions.
Coherence therapy as a synthesis of conclusions from constructivist clinical practice and neuroscience discoveries
Authors: Jasiński Michał
Published: December 2015

W artykule przedstawiono terapię koherencji, znaną wcześniej jako terapia krótkoterminowa zorientowana na głębię. Konstruktywizm - epistemologia leżąca u jej podstaw, został krótko opisany wraz z jego wpływem na psychoterapię. Przedstawiono również zbieżność terapii koherencji z przełomowym odkryciem rekonsolidacji pamięci, dokonanym w dziedzinie neuronauki. Następnie przeanalizowano implikacje tej zbieżności dla praktyki terapeutycznej i opisano proces terapii koherencji. Zaproponowano także nowy kierunek w integracji psychoterapii.

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Novice therapists difficulties. A literature review
Authors: Zielińska Beata
Published: December 2015

Opis trudności początkujących terapeutów pojawia się w literaturze już od lat pięćdziesiątych. Wśród nich najczęściej można znaleźć badania jakościowe, opisy przypadków a także prace poglądowe dotyczące tej problematyki. Powtarzającymi się problematycznymi obszarami są: lęk przed niekompetencją, praca ze złożoną problematyką, wykorzystanie własnych odczuć w pracy z pacjentem, przekonania na temat tego jak powinna wyglądać terapia, wyznaczenie granic wokół „Ja”, ocena związana z superwizją, czy wykorzystywanie podstawowych technik terapeutycznych. Wśród omawianych trudności zostały wymienione wspólne obszary dla terapeutów różnych nurtów teoretycznych. Wiążą się one z ogólną specyfiką pracy terapeuty - dotyczą spotkań z pacjentami, niedoskonałego warsztatu technik, czy mierzeniem się z własnymi oczekiwaniami związanymi z tym, jak ma wyglądać przebieg psychoterapii i jego efekty. Istnieją również trudności specyficzne dla nurtu poznawczo-behawioralnego i psychodynamicznego wynikające z podstawowych założeń danego typu terapii. W omawianej literaturze rzadko można znaleźć próbę wyjaśnienia trudności, które mogłyby się wiąząć z cechami osobowości terapeuty. W niniejszej pracy wątek dotyczący związku cech osobowości z wybraną orientacją teoretyczną zostanie krótko omówiony.
„Negative therapeutic reaction as a relational phenomenon”
Authors: Gawęda Dominik
Published: December 2015

Cel

Celem niniejszego artykułu będzie przyjrzenie się zauważonej już w 1923 roku przez Freuda paradoksalnej reakcji pacjenta na proces terapii nazwanej przez niego negatywną reakcją terapeutyczną. W dostępnej literaturze psychoanalitycznej zwykło się ukazywać negatywną reakcję terapeutyczną jako zjawisko wynikające z określonej konstrukcji psychicznej pacjenta. W tym artykule postaram się ukazać ten fenomen jako zjawisko relacyjne – proces, w którym specyficzne przeżywanie i wynikające z niego zachowania pacjenta są w określony sposób doświadczane i mogą być odreagowane przez psychoterapeutę. Bezradności, wstyd bądź/i gniew stwarzają ryzyko wejścia terapeuty z pacjentem w sadomasochistyczną koluzję lub pokusę prowokowania przez terapeutę pacjenta do przerwania terapii. Wtedy zamiast zmiany oboje - psychoterapeuta i pacjent - nieświadomie dążą do rozwinięcia czegoś, co można określić negatywną reakcją terapeutyczną. Artykuł może stanowić pomoc w reflektowaniu tego typu sytuacji.

Metoda

studia przypadków

Wyniki

Korzystając z własnego doświadczenia klinicznego spróbowałem przedstawić teoretyczną koncepcję negatywnej reakcji terapeutycznej.

Wnioski

W ostatniej części artykułu przedstawiam swoje spostrzeżenia dotyczące relacyjnych aspektów negatywnej reakcji terapeutycznej.
About decisive moment
Authors: galli janusz
Published: December 2015

Cel

W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Te „decydujące chwile” są znakami, wskazującymi na zmiany zachodzące w obrębie układu tworzonego wspólnie przez terapeutę i pacjenta. W pismach Freuda i Klein można dostrzec odniesienia do takich „decydujących chwil”, które rozumiane są przez nich bądź jako moment nasilenia przeniesienia w relacji terapeutycznej, bądź jako wystąpienie procesu reparacji w życiu psychicznych pacjenta. Jednak koncepcja W. R. Biona kontenera i występujących w jego obrębie typu więzi umożliwia pełniejsze rozwinięcie pojęcia „decydującej chwili”, która znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w układzie przeniesienie – przeciwprzeniesienie. Obserwacja takich „decydujących chwil” przez terapeutę umożliwia mu konceptualizację zachodzących zmian w obrębie układu przeniesienia –przeciwprzeniesienia, oraz określenia kierunku tychże zmian

Metoda

W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu.

Wyniki

W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu.

Wnioski

W czasie przebiegu procesu psychoterapii, zachodzą szczególne zmiany, które przybierają niekiedy wyraz wyrazistych momentów w przeniesieniu. Te „decydujące chwile” są znakami, wskazującymi na zmiany zachodzące w obrębie układu tworzonego wspólnie przez terapeutę i pacjenta. W pismach Freuda i Klein można dostrzec odniesienia do takich „decydujących chwil”, które rozumiane są przez nich bądź jako moment nasilenia przeniesienia w relacji terapeutycznej, bądź jako wystąpienie procesu reparacji w życiu psychicznych pacjenta. Jednak koncepcja W. R. Biona kontenera i występujących w jego obrębie typu więzi umożliwia pełniejsze rozwinięcie pojęcia „decydującej chwili”, która znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w układzie przeniesienie – przeciwprzeniesienie.
Body image and self-esteem of patients with onco-hematological diseases after chemotherapy
Authors: Tomasiewicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2015

Cel

Badanie miało na celu przedstawienie obrazu ciała i samooceny osób chorych onko-hematologicznie. Postawiono pytanie czy obraz ciała i samoocena osób chorych różni się istotnie od obrazu ciała zdrowych oraz czy istnieje korelacja pomiędzy obrazem ciała osób chorych a odczuwanymi emocjami?

Metoda

W badaniu zastosowano wywiad strukturalizowany, Kwestionariusz Zaangażowania wobec ciała, Skalę Samooceny Rosenberga, Test Samooceny Fitts`a i Kwestionariusz samopoczucia.
W badaniu wzięło udział 60 osób w wieku 19-55 lat. Połowę z nich stanowiły osoby będące pacjentami oddziałów hematologicznych, grupą kontrolną były osoby zdrowe.

Wyniki

Stwierdzono wyższy poziom troski i dbałości o ciało u osób z grupy badanej, zaobserwowano również uboższy obraz ciała. Potwierdzono korelacje pomiędzy obrazem ciała a samooceną osób chorych poddanych chemioterapii. Stwierdzono zależność pomiędzy pozytywnym stosunkiem wobec własnego ciała a spadkiem napięcia i niepokoju. Przygnębienie wiązało się ze zmianą stosunku wobec własnego ciała. Osoby w grupie badanej, które miały wyższą samoocenę bardziej lubiły swoje ciała. Większa waga przywiązywana do ciała narażała na przeżywanie negatywnych nastrojów, emocji. Wszystkie wykryte związki spełniają poziom istotności p<0,05.

Wnioski

Można przypuszczać, iż osoby chore poddane chemioterapii bardziej troszczą się i dbają o swoje ciała, ze względu na duże ryzyko powikłań i konieczne zwrócenie uwagi na higienę w tym czasie. Zmiany, które powoduje intensywne leczenie cytostatykami mogą stać się jedną z przyczyn powstawania wielu negatywnych emocji i nastrojów. Negatywne emocje przeżywane podczas leczenia chemioterapeutycznego mogą powodować zubożenia obrazu ciała i zmieniać nastawienie wobec swojego Ja fizycznego. Osoby chore onko-hematologicznie o wyższej samoocenie bardziej lubią swoje ciała.
The worldview contained in declarations of police officers scheduled for psychotherapeutic treatment.
Authors: Załuski Maciej
Published: December 2015

Cel

Określenie średniego poziomu przekonań policjantów skierowanych na psychoterapię. Wyjaśnienie różnic w poziomie przekonań z uwzględnieniem miejsca pracy. Określenie związku pomiędzy poziomem przekonań a nasileniem objawów depresyjnych.

Metoda

80 policjantów służby czynnej (M wieku= 40,81; SD=5,54; Mstaż pracy= 18,94; SD= 4,89) rozpoczynających leczenie psychoterapeutyczne wypełniło jednorazowo i indywidualnie baterię kwestionariuszy. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki uzyskane za pomocą Skali Wydarzeń Życiowych (Life Events Checklist), Skali Założeń Wobec Świata (polska adaptacja World Assumptions Scale) oraz Inwentarza Depresji Becka (Beck Depression Inventory).

Wyniki

Uzyskane dane wskazują, iż wieloletnia ekspozycja człowieka na działanie stresorów o charakterze egzystencjalnym posiada swoje odbicie w postaci subiektywnego obrazu świata i tworzących go przekonań. Świat w obrazie osób depresyjnych jest mniej przychylny człowiekowi. Wśród przekonań służących do wyjaśniania przyczyn zachodzących zdarzeń występuje osłabiona wiara w sprawiedliwość oraz zdolność człowieka do kontrolowania zdarzeń życiowych. Założenia służące do wyjaśniania własnego udziału w zdarzeniach są w części komplementarne z wymienionymi poprzednio i dotyczą słabości własnego charakteru, braku wiary w podejmowanie działań dla siebie korzystnych oraz braku szczęścia w życiu.

Wnioski

Powstały u człowieka obraz fragmentu rzeczywistości zawodowej może generalizować się i wyrażać jego stosunek do życia w ogóle. Skala Założeń Wobec Świata może dostarczać podstaw dla indywidualnej rozmowy z pacjentem oraz uzupełniać wiedzę na temat kierunków jego terapii.
Therapeutic relationship in the therapy of patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Klatkiewicz Anna
Published: December 2015

Relacja terapeutyczna ma ogromne znaczenie w terapii długoterminowej. Niektórzy autorzy zaznaczają, iż jest najważniejszym czynnikiem leczącym. Jakie są jej wyznaczniki? Jakie wskaźniki decydują o tym, że jest nawiązana? Jakie jest znaczenie nawiązania relacji terapeutycznej z pacjentem z BPD? Czy nawiązanie relacji terapeutycznej opartej na zaufaniu z pacjentem z BPD, jest warunkiem terapii, czy jej znaczącym etapem i sukcesem? Jakie są trudności i ograniczenia w budowaniu relacji terapeutycznej z tymi pacjentami? Jakie są doświadczenia terapeutów w zakresie różnych aspektów relacji terapeutycznej z tym typem pacjentów? Jakie reakcje psychoterapeuty wspomagają nawiązanie dobrej relacji, a jakie ją utrudniają? W niniejszym artykule poszukiwane będą odpowiedzi na te pytania na podstawie przeglądu literatury i współczesnych badań oraz doświadczeń psychoterapeutów. Omówione zostaną czynniki znajdujące się po stronie pacjenta z BPD, które mogą ułatwiać mu nawiązanie relacji terapeutycznej, oraz czynniki, które przebieg tego procesu utrudniają. Przeanalizowane zostaną również korzyści, które może uzyskać pacjent z BPD, z zaburzonymi relacjami interpersonalnymi z zawiązanej bezpiecznej relacji terapeutycznej.
A meaning of diagnosis to patient's identity. Part 2: Construction or recognition?
Authors: Dyga Krzysztof , Opoczyńska Małgorzata
Published: December 2015

W drugiej części artykułu o wpływie diagnozy psychiatrycznej na tożsamość pacjenta kierujemy swoją uwagę kolejno na psychiatrię biologicznej, humanistyczną i egzystencjalną oraz psychiatrię krytyczną i postpsychiatrię. Ukazujemy szanse i, częściej, zagrożenia tradycyjnego modelu diagnostyki psychiatrycznej, uprawianej przy niedostatecznym korzystaniu z funkcji refleksyjnej. Do najważniejszych z nich zaliczamy reifikację oraz samospełniające się proroctwo. Przypominamy propozycję Światowego Stowarzyszenia Psychiatrycznego sprzed kilkunastu lat, która sprowadza się do poszerzenia tradycyjnego modelu kryteriologicznego diagnostyki psychiatrycznej o aspekt idiograficzny. W końcu, wprowadzamy współczesne, bardziej naszym zdaniem dojrzałe i twórcze od postulatów antypsychiatrycznych formy krytyki psychiatrii tradycyjnej, a więc sugestie psychiatrów krytycznych, jak również postpsychiatrów, psychologów i psychoterapeutów inspirujących się w swej pracy nurtem postmodernistycznym oraz konstrukcjonizmem społecznym. Przywołując idee protagonistów ruchów wzbogacających klasyczną psychiatrię omawiamy zarówno ich tła teoretyczne, zahaczając niekiedy o filozofię psychiatrii, jak i praktyczne implikacje w nich zawarte, nie zapominając jednocześnie o tym, co jest podstawowym przedmiotem naszych poszukiwań. Osobne miejsca zostawiamy na trudne pytania (m.in. o granice konstruowania i o to, czy postmodernistyczne rozwiązania znajdują miejsce w faktyczności psychicznej pacjentów), które na razie stawiamy, nie próbując w większości odpowiadać na nie w sposób jednoznaczny.
The impact of school nurse interventions: Behaviour change and mental health
Authors: Turner Gillian , Mackay Sean
Published: December 2015

School nurse contacts provide an opportunity for interventions with children, yet evidence suggests that there is limited evaluation of the outcomes of these interventions. This review of the literature explored the impact of school nurse interventions relating to mental health and behaviour change. A total of 29 papers were included in the review. Analysis revealed positive outcomes for young people including increased access and engagement with services, improved levels of stress and anxiety and behaviour change relating to lifestyle issues. School nurses were viewed as unique professionals with effective communication and interpersonal skills supported by training and service delivery methods. There were also benefits for schools in developing supportive environments and improved pupil attendance. A number of gaps and barriers relating to intervention delivery and evaluation were also revealed; there was a need for improved education and training for school nurses and challenges to service delivery were described pertaining to working with other services and professionals. A variety of evaluation methods were used to identify outcomes, including qualitative and quantitative methods and standardised tools. However, the majority of papers described outcomes without reference to a systematic approach to evaluation. Evaluation and measurement of school nurse practice is a valuable activity and school nurse teams need to ensure robust methods for evaluation are established to demonstrate outcomes and develop practice.
FIRE PROTECTION OF TIMBER STRUCTURES STRENGTHENED WITH FRP MATERIALS
Authors: Zigler Radek , Pokorný Marek
Published: December 2015

Modern, progressive methods of structures’ strengthening based on the use of compositematerials composed of high strength fibers (carbon, glass, aramid or basalt) and matrices basedon epoxy resins brings, among many indisputable advantages (low weight, high effectiveness,easy application etc.) also some disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is a low fireresistance of these materials due to the low glass transition temperature Tg of the resin used.Based on an extensive research of strengthening of historic structures with FRP materials [1], thearticle outlines possible approaches to this problem, especially while strengthening timber loadbearingstructures of historic buildings.
Seminal Plasma Allergy : A Literature Review
Authors: Nishihara Yu , Shimizu Taro , Ichihara Shinya , Suekata Yu , Maeda Kotaro
Published: December 2015

Seminal plasma allergy (SPA) is an immunological reaction against human seminal plasma observed in women. SPA is not a well‐known clinical syndrome, considering that there are few epidemiological studies on SPA, and it can often be overlooked or misdiagnosed as other medical conditions. Symptoms occur after sexual intercourse and manifest as systemic and/or localized symptoms. The pathophysiology of SPA is commonly assumed to be autoimmune reaction to seminal plasma with IgE antibodies ; however, it is still uncertain which specific antibodies cause SPA. In vivo skin tests, including prick and intradermal tests, are useful for diagnosing SPA. However, there has been no consensus on treatment of SPA, apart from symptomatic therapy, although several desensitization methods have been reported, using emergency kits for allergic reactions. The most common and most effective preventive measure for SPA is to use condoms during intercourse.
Inappropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Asthma in Japanese Emergency Departments
Authors: Tanaka Kenzo , Gibo Koichiro , Watase Hiroko , Oohashi Masaki , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei ,   Japanese Emergency Medicine Network Investigators
Published: December 2015

Background:Little is known about the extent that acute asthma is inappropriately treated with antibiotics in Japanese emergency departments (EDs).

Objectives:We examined the proportion and predictors of inappropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute asthma in the Japanese EDs.

Methods:We conducted a chart review study in 23 Japanese EDs. Subjects were ED patients aged 18 to 54 years with acute asthma between 2009 and 2011. To examine predictors of inappropriate antibiotic use, we performed multi‐level logistic regression analysis at both the patient‐ and ED‐level modeling EDs as a random variable.

Results:Among 1380 patients in the overall study, the analytic cohort comprised 1311 patients. Overall, antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed for 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4%–5.7%). In the multi‐level logistic regression analysis, higher annual ED asthma visit volume was significantly associated with a lower proportion of inappropriate antibiotic use (odds ratio per 100‐visit increase, 0.3 ; 95%CI, 0.2–0.6).

Conclusions:In this large multicenter study in Japan, we found that approximately 4% of ED patients with acute asthma were inappropriately treated with antibiotics. We also demonstrated that the inappropriate use of antibiotics largely differed across the EDs and was less common in EDs with a more annual ED asthma visits. Organized knowledge translation initiatives are warranted to address this gap in emergency asthma care.
Pheochromocytoma Manifesting Persistent Right Shoulder Pain and Hypochondralgia
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Nakamura Eri , Terasaka Tomohiro , Hasegawa Kou , Asano Kikuko , Nada Takahiro , Kimura Kosuke , Waseda Koichi , Hanayama Yoshihisa , Otsuka Fumio
Published: December 2015

We report a 42‐year‐old female who initially complained of sub‐acute onset of right upper quadrant abdominal pain with right shoulder pain. A CT scan incidentally revealed an adrenal tumor, and a final diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made on the basis of endocrinological examinations. Symptomatically, the pheochromocytoma in our patient mimicked a hepato‐biliary disease by presenting abdominal pain accompanying right shoulder pain that was assumed to be referred pain via the right phrenic nerve. Physicians may need to consider the possibility of pheochromocytoma in patients with abdominal symptoms.
Criterion Validity of Ultrasound Imaging: Assessment of Multifidi Cross-Sectional Area in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Sions Jaclyn Megan , Teyhen Deydre S. , Hicks Gregory E.
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose:

Ultrasound (US) imaging may be a cost-conscious alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is the criterion standard for muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) assessment. Within the trunk, when compared with MRI, US has been shown to be valid for assessing lumbar multifidi CSA in younger, asymptomatic individuals. To date, there are no studies validating US for multifidi CSA assessment in older adults or individuals with low back pain. Given age- and pain-related muscle changes, validation of US is needed in these populations. If valid for multifidi CSA assessment, US may be used to evaluate short-term changes in muscle size in response to exercise-based interventions among older adults. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of US for multifidi CSA assessment as compared with MRI in older adults with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). The secondary objective was to determine whether a single US image was valid for assessment of multifidi CSA or whether the average of 3 US images should be recommended.

Methods:

Twenty community-dwelling older adults (ie, 10 with and 10 without CLBP), ages 60 to 85 years, were recruited. US images and MRI slices of multifidi muscle were obtained and L4 multifidi CSAs were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess agreement between MRI measures and a single US image and MRI measures and the average of 3 US images.

Results and Discussion:

ICC point estimates were excellent for older adults with CLBP for a single US image (ICCs = 0.90-0.97), but ICC point estimates for participants without CLBP ranged from fair to excellent (ICCs = 0.48-0.86). ICC point estimates for the average of 3 US images for both groups were better than for a single image (ICCs = 0.95-0.99).

Conclusions:

For assessment of L4 multifidi CSA, US is a valid alternative to MRI for older adults with and without CLBP. However, limitations of US, such as the inability to quantify intramuscular fat, which may be increased with aging and CLBP, should be considered. CSA measurement of 3 US images, rather than a single image, is recommended.
A New Agility Test for Adults: Its Test–Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change in Untrained Women and Men Aged 28–55
Authors: Manderoos Sirpa A. , Vaara Mariitta E. , Mäki P. Juhani , Mälkiä Esko A. , Aunola Sirkka K. , Karppi Sirkka-Liisa
Published: December 2015

Manderoos, SA, Vaara, ME, Mäki, PJ, Mälkiä, EA, Aunola, SK, and Karppi, S-L. A new agility test for adults: its test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change in untrained women and men aged 28−55. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2226–2234, 2016—The aims of this study were to present a new Agility Test for Adults (ATA), to investigate its test–retest reliability and to quantify minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence interval (MDC95). Both the relative and absolute reliabilities were evaluated. Altogether 52 healthy untrained volunteers (25 women: age 43.3 ± 6.6 years; 27 men: age 42.8 ± 7.2 years) were recruited into the study. The subjects performed 3 ATA tests repeated after 2 different intervals: the first test session was baseline, session 2 was a week later, and session 3 was half an hour after session 2. The intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM of the performance time of ATA were 0.91 and 0.27 seconds (same day), 0.94 and 0.20 seconds (1 week) for women, and 0.95, 0.13 seconds, and 0.94, 0.19 seconds for men, respectively. MDC95 was 0.76 seconds (same day) and 0.56 seconds (1 week) for women, and respectively 0.37 and 0.51 seconds for men. The results showed that ATA is stable and reliable when evaluating agility characteristics in untrained adults. The properties of ATA make it appropriate for screening people to find early signs of declined agility and allow possibility to clinicians and physical trainers to monitor true changes in performance time at agility test by applying the knowledge of MDC95 coefficient. Furthermore, ATA can give tips for planning appropriate exercise programes to prevent clumsiness and falls with more serious consequences among aging people.
Electrophysiological Assessment of Serotonin and GABA Neuron Function in the Dorsal Raphe during the Third Trimester Equivalent Developmental Period in Mice
Authors: Morton Russell A. , Yanagawa Yuchio , Fernando Valenzuela C.
Published: December 2015

Alterations in the development of the serotonin system can have prolonged effects, including depression and anxiety disorders later in life. Serotonin axonal projections from the dorsal raphe undergo extensive refinement during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life in rodents (equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy). However, little is known about the functional properties of serotonin and GABA neurons in the dorsal raphe during this critical developmental period. We assessed the functional properties and synaptic connectivity of putative serotoninergic neurons and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe during early [postnatal day (P) P5–P7] and late (P15–P17) stages of the third trimester equivalent period using electrophysiology. Our studies demonstrate that GABAergic neurons are hyperexcitable at P5–P7 relative to P15–P17. Furthermore, putative serotonin neurons exhibit an increase in both excitatory and GABAAreceptor-mediated spontaneous postsynaptic currents during this developmental period. Our data suggest that GABAergic neurons and putative serotonin neurons undergo significant electrophysiological changes during neonatal development.
Cardiac‐specific succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in Barth syndrome
Authors: Dudek Jan , Cheng I‐Fen , Chowdhury Arpita , Wozny Katharina , Balleininger Martina , Reinhold Robert , Grunau Silke , Callegari Sylvie , Toischer Karl , Wanders Ronald JA , Hasenfuß Gerd , Brügger Britta , Guan Kaomei , Rehling Peter
Published: December 2015

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a cardiomyopathy caused by the loss of tafazzin, a mitochondrial acyltransferase involved in the maturation of the glycerophospholipid cardiolipin. It has remained enigmatic as to why a systemic loss of cardiolipin leads to cardiomyopathy. Using a genetic ablation of tafazzin function in the BTHS mouse model, we identified severe structural changes in respiratory chain supercomplexes at a pre‐onset stage of the disease. This reorganization of supercomplexes was specific to cardiac tissue and could be recapitulated in cardiomyocytes derived from BTHS patients. Moreover, our analyses demonstrate a cardiac‐specific loss of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme linking the respiratory chain with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a similar defect of SDH is apparent in patient cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, we conclude that these defects represent a molecular basis for the cardiac pathology in Barth syndrome.
Kisspeptin is involved in ovarian follicular development during aging in rats
Authors: Fernandois D , Na E , Cuevas F , Cruz G , Lara H E , Paredes A H
Published: December 2015

We have previously reported that kisspeptin (KP) may be under the control of the sympathetic innervation of the ovary. Considering that the sympathetic activity of the ovary increases with aging, it is possible that ovarian KP also increases during this period and participates in follicular development. To evaluate this possibility, we determined ovarian KP expression and its action on follicular development during reproductive aging in rats. We measured ovarian KP mRNA and protein levels in 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-month-old rats. To evaluate follicular developmental changes, intraovarian administration of KP or its antagonist, peptide 234 (P234), was performed using a mini-osmotic pump, and to evaluate FSH receptor (FSHR) changes in the senescent ovary, we stimulated cultured ovaries with KP, P234 and isoproterenol (ISO). Our results shows that KP expression in the ovary was increased in 10- and 12-month-old rats compared with 6-month-old rats, and this increase in KP was strongly correlated with the increase in ovarian norepinephrine observed with aging. The administration of KP produced an increase in corpora lutea and type III follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, which was reversed by P234 administration at 10 months. In addition, KP decreased the number and size of antral follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, while P234 administration produced an increase in these structures at the same ages. In ovarian cultures KP prevented the induction of FSHR by ISO. These results suggest that intraovarian KP negatively participates in the acquisition of FSHR, indicating a local role in the regulation of follicular development and ovulation during reproductive aging.
Estrogen receptor β controls MMP-19 expression in mouse ovaries during ovulation
Authors: Nalvarte Ivan , Töhönen Virpi , Lindeberg Maria , Varshney Mukesh , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Inzunza José
Published: December 2015

Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has a central role in mouse ovaries, as ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice are subfertile due to an increase in fibrosis around the maturing follicle and a decrease in blood supply. This has a consequence that these follicles rarely rupture to release the mature oocyte. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are modulators of the extracellular matrix, and the expression of one specific MMP, MMP-19, is normally increased in granulosa cells during their maturation until ovulation. In this study, we demonstrate that MMP-19 levels are downregulated in BERKO mouse ovaries. Using human MCF-7 cells that overexpress ERβ, we could identify MMP-19 to be a transcriptional target of ligand-bound activated ERβ acting on a specificity protein-1 binding site. These data provide a molecular explanation for the observed follicle rupture defect that contributes to the subfertility of female BERKO mice.
Some Aspects of the Students’ Musical Leisure as the Way of Outlook Position Forming in the Conditions of the Eastern Carpathians
Authors: Klepar Maria , Chervinska Inna
Published: December 2015

The main problem resolution for the upbringing of the youth in complicated modernsocial-economic conditions of the Eastern Carpathians needs the universal scientificcomprehension of history theory and practice of national pedagogy, the recognition of the mainsubject roles in educational extension, the institutions for young personality socialization withinthe leasure occupies the main place. The meaningful leasure organization and using it inhumanistic education has the main practical meaning.
Modernization of the Rural School: Problems and Perspectives of Carpathian Region
Authors: Prokopiv Liubov
Published: December 2015

This article is about the rural schools in the Carpathians. The author speaks about theproblems and prospects of the school in the Carpathians. In Ukraine today in the mountainousregion large quantity of rural schools are with low occupancy. Reduction of the number of schoolage children in rural areas leads to poor occupancy of schools and inability to maintain themproperly by local authorities. Today in Ukraine within rural schools there are primary schools,educational complexes “School-Kindergarten”, numerically small schools etc. The author speaksabout a problem: how to give qualitative education to a student in the countryside? This articleanalyzes the problem of quality education in minority School Mountain, search teacher who wouldwork in the village.
SLUG Bug: Quality Improvement With Orchestrated Testing Leads to NICU CLABSI Reduction
Authors: Piazza Anthony J. , Brozanski Beverly , Provost Lloyd , Grover Theresa R. , Chuo John , Smith Joan R. , Mingrone Teresa , Moran Susan , Morelli Lorna , Zaniletti Isabella , Pallotto Eugenia K.
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE:

Reduce central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates 15% over 12 months in children’s hospital NICUs. Use orchestrated testing as an approach to identify important CLABSI prevention practices.

METHODS:

Literature review, expert opinion, and benchmarking were used to develop clinical practice recommendations for central line care. Four existing CLABSI prevention strategies (tubing change technique, hub care monitoring, central venous catheter access limitation, and central venous catheter removal monitoring) were identified for study. We compared the change in CLABSI rates from baseline throughout the study period in 17 participating centers. Using orchestrated testing, centers were then placed into 1 of 8 test groups to identify which prevention practices had the greatest impact on CLABSI reduction.

RESULTS:

CLABSI rates decreased by 19.28% from 1.333 to 1.076 per 1000 line-days. Six of the 8 test groups and 14 of the 17 centers had decreased infection rates; 16 of the 17 centers achieved >75% compliance with process measures. Hub scrub compliance monitoring, when used in combination with sterile tubing change, decreased CLABSI rates by 1.25 per 1000 line-days.

CONCLUSIONS:

This multicenter improvement collaborative achieved a decrease in CLABSI rates. Orchestrated testing identified infection prevention practices that contribute to reductions in infection rates. Sterile tubing change in combination with hub scrub compliance monitoring should be considered in CLABSI reduction efforts.
Motivational Interviewing to Treat Overweight Children: 24-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Broccoli Serena , Davoli Anna Maria , Bonvicini Laura , Fabbri Alessandra , Ferrari Elena , Montagna Gino , Panza Costantino , Pinotti Mirco , Storani Simone , Tamelli Marco , Candela Silvia , Bellocchio Eletta , Rossi Paolo Giorgi
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:

Pediatrician-led motivational interviewing can be an effective way of controlling BMI in overweight children in the short term. Its long-term efficacy is unknown. The primary aim was to determine whether the short-term (12-month) impact of family pediatrician-led motivational interviews on the BMI of overweight children could be sustained in the long term (24 months), in the absence of any other intervention.

METHODS:

Children were recruited in 2011 by family pediatricians working in the province of Reggio Emilia, Italy, and randomly allocated to receive either 5 interviews delivered over a 12-month period or usual care. Eligible participants were all 4- to 7-year-old overweight children resident in the province of Reggio Emilia who had been receiving care from the pediatrician for ≥12 months. The primary outcome of this study was individual variation in BMI between the baseline visit and the 24-month follow-up, assessed by pediatricians not blinded to treatment group allocation.

RESULTS:

Of 419 eligible families, 372 (89%) participated; 187 children were randomized to receive intervention and 185 to usual care. Ninety-five percent of the children attended the 12-month follow-up, and 91% attended the 24-month follow-up. After the 12-month intervention period, BMI in the intervention group increased less than in the control group (0.46 and 0.78, respectively; difference −0.32; P = .005). At the 24-month follow-up, the difference had disappeared (1.52 and 1.56, respectively; difference −0.04; P = .986).

CONCLUSIONS:

The intervention lost its effectiveness within 1 year of cessation. Sustainable boosters are required for weight control and obesity prevention.
Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve Assessment with Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Simova Iana ,   National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: December 2015

Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) reflects global coronary atherosclerotic burden, endothelial function and state of the microvasculature. It could be measured using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in a non-invasive, feasible, reliable and reproducible fashion, following a standardised protocol with different vasodilatory stimuli. CFVR measurement is a recommended complement to vasodilator stress echocardiography. It could serve as a diagnostic tool for coronary microvascular dysfunction and in the setting of epicardial coronary artery stenoses could help in identification and assessment of functional significance of coronary lesions and follow-up of patients after coronary interventions. CFVR has also a prognostic significance in different clinical situations.
What is Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Prasad Abhiram ,   Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
Published: December 2015

Takotsubo/stress cardiomyopathy (TC) or apical ballooning syndrome is an increasingly recognised entity around the world. It is an acute reversible cardiac syndrome that has a striking female predominance, with approximately 90 % of cases occurring in women, the vast majority of whom are post-menopausal. Chest pain and dysponea are the most common presenting symptoms. The symptoms and signs are similar to those in other acute cardiac conditions characterised by acute myocardial ischemia or heart failure. A characteristic feature of the syndrome is its relationship to emotional or physical stressful triggers. The process of diagnosing TC is, to a large extent, one of exclusion of other conditions that it mimics. The Mayo Clinic diagnostic criteria are the most widely used. Since acute coronary syndrome is often suspected before the diagnosis of TC is made, initial treatment is often similar to that for an acute myocardial infarction. However, after the diagnosis of TC is confirmed, treatment is supportive with monitoring and treatment of complications. The vast majority of patients with TC have good prognosis with complete resolution of systolic dysfunction.
At the Heart of Brain Disorders – Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Authors: Vicario Augusto , Cerezo Gustavo H. ,   Buenos Aires Cardiovascular Institute, Argentina,   Buenos Aires Cardiovascular Institute, Argentina
Published: December 2015

Vascular risk factors are shared by heart and brain. Vascular brain injury (small vessel disease, stroke) alone or combined with neurodegenerative pathology (β-amyloid depositions) brings about either cognitive decline and vascular dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Long-term exposure to vascular risk factors precedes the onset of neurocognitive diseases by one or two decades. Early detection and control of modifiable vascular risk factors seem to be the only current strategies to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia.
Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Madden Brendan P ,   Cardiothoracic Unit, St Georges Hospital, London, UK
Published: December 2015

Pulmonary hypertension is said to occur when the mean pulmonary arterial pressure exceeds 25 mmHg at rest or 30 mmHg during exercise. There are many causes but the term Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is used to describe a rare group of illnesses that share histopathological similarities in the small muscularised pulmonary arterioles leading to vascular remodelling (plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy) and progressive elevation in the pulmonary vascular resistance. Left untreated, patients die as a consequence of right heart failure and the mortality approaches that of commonly encountered malignancies. There is no effective cure. Most treatment for PAH patients has focused on the endothelial cell vascular dysfunction known to occur in these disorders and indeed agents such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase pathway V inhibitors and prostacyclin analogues have been shown to improve morbidity and delay rate of deterioration. More recently evidence has emerged that they may have a positive impact on survival. These agents have also been applied to treat patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and selected patients with CTEPH may also benefit from pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. For a small number of patients with PAH lung transplantation may be considered
Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention – Data and Ongoing Trials
Authors: Rampat Rajiv , Hildick-Smith David ,   Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK,   Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
Published: December 2015

Left main stem (LMS) disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditionally coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been the gold standard for treatment of these lesions. However over the past decade, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has assumed a more prominent role in the treatment of LMS disease. With the advent of newer drug-eluting stents (DES) with an improved risk factor profile, better intravascular imaging modalities and careful patient selection, the use of PCI in this cohort is expanding. We review the current data to support this and discuss the on-going trials that will hopefully shed more light into the management of this complex disease.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Saw Jacqueline ,   Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Published: December 2015

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-traumatic and non-iatrogenic separation of the coronary artery wall that is now recognised as an important cause of myocardial infarction, especially in younger women. SCAD can be elusive on coronary angiography and clinician familiarity with non-pathognomonic angiographic SCAD variants and the use of intracoronary imaging will improve diagnosis. Conservative management and long-term cardiovascular follow-up are typically recommended.
Review of Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: Boix-Garibo Ricardo , Uzzaman Mohammed Mohsin , Bapat Vinayak Nilkanth ,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,   Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK,   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Published: December 2015

Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery (MIAVS) has been developed for the last 20 years. The improvements in techniques have permitted cardiac surgeons to perform aortic valve replacement safely and efficiently with minimally incisions. Patients have become older and have multiple comorbidities and this is expected to grow in number. Less-invasive procedures are known to reduce the number of complications, together with smaller incisions, less pain, less blood loss and reduced length of hospital stay. Selective preoperative planning with computed tomography is key to the pre-investigation stage. Hybrid and staged procedures with interventional cardiologists are part of the armamentarium and may be appealing for the present and near future. Despite the nature of demanding procedures and longer learning curve with increased cardiopulmonary bypass times, the outcomes are comparable with same quality as conventional open surgery. Patient recovery is the ultimate purpose of these approaches.
Computed Tomography for Structural Heart Disease and Interventions
Authors: Thériault-Lauzier Pascal , Spaziano Marco , Vaquerizo Beatriz , Buithieu Jean , Martucci Giuseppe , Piazza Nicolo ,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,   German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
Published: December 2015

Transcatheter cardiac interventions are a fast evolving field. The past decade has seen the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, transcatheter mitral valve repair and replacement, septal defect closure devices and left atrial appendage closure devices for thromboprophylaxis. More than ever, medical imaging is taking a central role in the care of patients with structural heart disease. In this review article we outline the use of MSCT as a tool for diagnosis of structural heart interventions, as well as patient selection, preprocedural planning, device sizing and post-procedural assessment. We focus on procedures targeting the aortic valve, the mitral valve, the inter-atrial septum and the left atrial appendage.