bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quand la relation socio-éducative définit le cadre d’intervention
Authors: Golay Dominique , Udressy Olivier
Published: December 2019

L’évolution, ces vingt dernières années, des politiques socio-éducatives en Suisse romande rend compte d’un changement de paradigme en matière de protection de l’enfance modifiant considérablement le mandat conféré aux internats éducatifs et, par voie de conséquence, l’exercice du métier. Partant de récits issus de supervisions cliniques et d’entretiens collectifs, cet article analyse le cadre d’action auquel les professionnel.le.s de l’éducation s’arriment pour penser leur pratique et met en évidence les tensions auxquelles elles et ils sont confronté.e.s dans l’accompagnement des mineur.e.s placé.e.s.
L’organisation communautaire en travail social au Québec
Authors: Bergeron-Gaudin Jean-Vincent
Published: December 2019

S’appuyant sur une recension des principaux écrits sur l’organisation communautaire au Québec depuis les années 1960, cet article présente un portrait historique de cette pratique professionnelle en mettant en relief certaines de ses tensions. La première tension explorée, d’ordre politique, fait écho à la position ambivalente de l’organisation communautaire, à la jonction du rapport entre l’État et les groupes de la société civile. La seconde tension, d’ordre théorique, renvoie aux divergences entre les approches utilisées, de nature conflictuelle ou collaborative. L’argument avancé est que ces tensions sont constitutives de la trajectoire empruntée par la pratique.
Respecter les droits des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Tessari-Veyre Aline , Martin Murielle
Published: December 2019

La Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées a été adoptée le 13 décembre 2006 par l’Organisation des Nations Unies. Actuellement, elle est ratifiée par 175 États. Elle constitue le premier traité international juridiquement contraignant explicitant spécifiquement les droits des personnes en situation de handicap. Le développement des connaissances sur le handicap ainsi que de nombreux changements paradigmatiques ont permis et soutenu sa création. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière ces différentes évolutions et leur impact sur les pratiques professionnelles.
L’intervention en HLM
Authors: Parent André-Anne , Tourillon-Gingras Stéphanie
Published: December 2019

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur les changements organisationnels et professionnels d’un organisme communautaire implanté dans trois HLM du quartier Ahuntsic, Montréal, Canada. À l’aide d’une approche d’évaluation développementale, les objectifs de ce projet étaient de 1) documenter les éléments facilitant et les facteurs contraignant les changements de pratiques ; 2) comprendre l’action du réseau local ; 3) soutenir les changements de pratique. Les résultats montrent que les changements ont aidé l’organisation à tisser des liens significatifs avec les résidents des HLM et à orienter leurs interventions vers une meilleure autonomisation. Néanmoins, des défis demeurent, notamment en ce qui a trait à la vision de l’intervention, les partenariats et la participation des résidents.
Le travail social sous l’emprise de l’hétéronomie ?
Authors: Bourgeault Guy
Published: December 2019

Malgré le souci partout affiché aujourd’hui, dans les sociétés démocratiques de tradition libérale, de l’autonomie et de l’obligation d’un consentement explicite pour toute intervention, persiste une hétéronomie qui multiplie dans tous les champs d’intervention professionnelle, dont celui du travail social, les protocoles, les règles et les contrôles. L’autonomie professionnelle, à la fois érigée en principe et dès lors exigée, est néanmoins déniée, empêchée. Plaidoyer pour une réappropriation de leur éthique par les praticiennes et praticiens du travail social, et pour une prise en compte plus résolue de son mandat par l’Ordre professionnel qui les réunit.
Soutenir la participation citoyenne dans l’organisation des services en santé mentale adulte
Authors: Cyr Marie-Pier
Published: December 2019

Cet article présente le processus d’implantation d’un projet d’intervention visant le soutien à la participation citoyenne dans l’organisation des services en santé mentale adulte. Ce projet a été mis en place dans un CLSC montréalais, dans le programme d’organisation communautaire, à l’automne 2018 et à l’hiver 2019. Il a été réalisé en partenariat avec les citoyennes et citoyens de deux quartiers de Montréal, utilisateurs des services en santé mentale adulte, avec les membres de deux comités agissant sur la base de la représentation citoyenne dans l’organisation des services institutionnels et communautaires.
Vivre en habitation à loyer modique (HLM)
Authors: Dick Bueno Zoé , Adam Caroline , Boyer Ginette , Potvin Louise
Published: December 2019

Cette étude cherche à mieux comprendre la relation entre les éléments contextuels de la vie en HLM et la situation de vulnérabilité de ses habitants. La réalisation de dix entretiens semi-directifs avec des habitants de HLM montréalais a montré que si vivre en logement social constitue un mécanisme d’inclusion permettant aux individus d’accéder à un chez-soi sécuritaire, trois éléments de ce contexte limitent cette influence bénéfique. Les problèmes de stigmatisation, de salubrité et de voisinage limitent l’amélioration de leurs conditions de vie en les maintenant dans une situation de vulnérabilité. Ces éléments de contextes sont donc constitutifs des mécanismes d’exclusion.
La perception des intervenants quant à l’implantation et l’adaptation du programme Intervention comportementale intensive dans le contexte réel d’un établissement québécois
Authors: Caron Valérie , Paquet Annie , Bérubé Annie
Published: December 2019

L’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) pour les jeunes enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme est identifiée comme une pratique basée sur des données probantes (PBDP). Elle a été implantée en 2003 dans les services publics québécois à la suite d’une orientation donnée par le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. Les écrits scientifiques mentionnent clairement les défis des milieux de pratique à implanter, à grande échelle, les PBDP dans les services courants, tout comme la nécessité d’en modifier certains éléments afin de les adapter aux contextes réels d’intervention dans lesquels elles s’implantent. Ce projet vise à documenter l’implantation de l’ICI à partir des représentations des intervenants en ce qui concerne les composantes essentielles de la fidélité de l’ICI, ainsi que des adaptations jugées favorables à sa mise en oeuvre. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le courant des recherches basées sur la pratique en utilisant le savoir des cliniciens comme source d’informations. Les propos de dix intervenants d’un établissement québécois ont été analysés en considérant les cinq dimensions du modèle de Dane et Schneider (1998) pour évaluer la fidélité d’implantation de programmes proposées : l’adhésion, le dosage, la qualité, la participation et la différenciation. Les résultats indiquent que les intervenants ont mis en place l’ICI en regard des caractéristiques essentielles, mais que certaines adaptations ont été effectuées pour favoriser son implantation dans le contexte réel d’un service de réadaptation.
L’alexithymie, une dimension de la personnalité à prendre en compte dans l’acquisition des compétences socio-émotionnelles chez des finissants stagiaires en éducation
Authors: Langevin René , Laurent Angélique , Lavoie Émilie
Published: December 2019

Cette étude vise à déterminer la force d’association entre le niveau d’acquisition des compétences socio-émotionnelles (CSE) et le degré d’alexithymie d’un groupe de stagiaires de quatrième année inscrits dans un programme de formation à l’enseignement offert dans une université albertaine. Quarante-deux stagiaires (N=42, 23 femmes et 19 hommes) dont l’âge moyen était de 26,8 ans ont participé à l’étude. Afin de déterminer leur degré d’alexithymie, chaque participant a complété la 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Les CSE (exprimer, identifier et comprendre ses émotions et celles d’autrui) ont, pour leur part, été mesurées à l’aide d’une grille d’évaluation développée par le service de la formation pratique du programme concerné au cours du dernier stage des participants. Les résultats font ressortir des corrélations négatives et significatives entre les sous-échelles « difficultés à identifier ses émotions » et « difficultés à décrire ses émotions » de la TAS-20 et les habiletés se rapportant à des CSE. Les résultats indiquent également que les stagiaires alexithymiques et alexithymiques intermédiaires obtiennent des scores significativement plus bas à chacune des échelles de satisfaction des habiletés associées à des CSE comparativement aux stagiaires non alexithymiques. Ces résultats viennent renforcer les préoccupations quant à la capacité des stagiaires alexithymiques et alexithymiques intermédiaires d’acquérir des CSE au même niveau que les stagiaires non alexithymiques dans le cadre de leur formation en enseignement. Enfin, cette étude vient également renforcer l’idée de la pertinence de créer un cours de niveau universitaire sur les CSE, cours qui devrait répondre convenablement aux besoins des stagiaires alexithymiques qui se destinent à l’enseignement ou à l’intervention psychosociale auprès d’enfants et d’adolescents présentant des problèmes de comportement.
Esquivando balas mágicas: La evolución de la resistencia a antibióticos en las bacterias
Authors: San Millán Álvaro
Published: December 2019

Las bacterias resistentes a antibióticos representan uno de los principales problemas actuales de salud pública y predicciones recientes indican que pronto se convertirán en la primera causa de mortalidad a nivel mundial. El funesto recorrido desde la introducción de los antibióticos en la práctica clínica hasta la actual amenaza de una era postantibiótica se ha transitado en tan solo unas pocas décadas. Así, la evolución de la resistencia a los antibióticos es probablemente el ejemplo más espectacular de evolución de innovaciones en un sistema biológico que hemos podido observar en tiempo real. En este artículo discutimos algunas de las claves evolutivas y moleculares que han permitido a las bacterias recorrer este camino.
Cristina Casanova y Andrea Contino, creadores de la Plataforma Documenta
Authors: Codorniu Helena , Blasco Laia , Giménez Ferran , Casado Martínez Carlos
Published: December 2019

Cristina Casanova y Andrea Contino, creadores de Documenta, nos descubren el proceso de materialización de su proyecto y las características de esta herramienta en línea que ha permitido a personas de todas las edades y de diferentes backgrounds crear, editar y publicar contenido multimedia en Internet.
Los editores, desde la sala de máquinas de MOSAIC
Authors: Codorniu Helena
Published: December 2019

Celebrando la década de Mosaic, hemos compartido mesa y diálogo con algunos de los editores que han contribuido en la revista, reviviendo anécdotas y mirando de cara a un futuro complejo. Aquí van unas pinceladas breves de esa conversación.
Visualización y multimedia
Authors: Blasco Laia
Published: December 2019

Visualización de datos, de información, infografía interactiva: tema apasionante en el que muchos profesionales están trabajando, que aparece en tantos blogs, revistas, periódicos, videos, que es abordado desde múltiples puntos de vista y usado en diversidad de ámbitos. Crece y ve sus límites variar por su constante evolución, aquí proponemos algunas reflexiones acerca de su constante redefinición.
Álex Posada
Authors: Berga Quelic
Published: December 2019

Álex Posada es creador digital e investigador en el campo de la interactividad y los nuevos medios. Exestudiante de Telecomunicaciones, en la actualidad lleva a cabo diversos proyectos de arte electrónico y diseño interactivo. Muchos de sus trabajos han recorrido diferentes exposiciones de toda Europa.
2001-2011: Diez años de vida de la web
Authors: Casado Martínez Carlos
Published: December 2019

Desde el 2001, año de nacimiento de Mosaic, hasta hoy, la web no ha dejado de evolucionar. Hemos pasado de maquetar con tablas a hacerlo con capas, de maquetar para pantallas de 800 x 600 a hacerlo para pantallas de 1024 x 768. ¿Qué más cosas han cambiado en este tiempo?
Comparison of Hole Quality of Polyamide Materials Produced by Traditional and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: TEZEL Tuğçe
Published: December 2019

Polyamide,
commonly used in engineering plastics, has wear resistance and high strength.
Hybrid manufacturing, using a combination of more than one production technique
to benefit from the superiority of the manufacturing. In this study, polyamide,
which is produced with casting and three-dimensional printer, has been drilled
and reamed in numerical controlled machine. Thus, the effect of production
technique, machining allowance and tool feed rate on hole surface and size
quality was investigated. In general, the surface quality of the holes in the
polyamide material produced by the two production techniques was directly
affected by the machining allowance and the increased feed rate. In addition,
the size of the holes created with the three-dimensional printer has reached
the desired level after reaming process.
The Fourier Transform of the First Derivative of the Generalized Logistic Growth Curve
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Yunus , BİLGE Ayşe Hümeyra
Published: December 2019

The “generalized logistic growth
curve” or the “5-point sigmoid” is a typical example for sigmoidal curves
without symmetry and it is commonly used for non-linear regression. The
“critical point” of a sigmoidal curve is defined as the limit, if it exists, of
the points where its derivatives reach their absolute extreme values. The
existence and the location of the critical point of a sigmoidal curve is expressed
in terms of its Fourier transform. In this work, we obtain the Fourier
transform of the first derivative of the generalized logistic growth curve in
terms of Gamma functions and we discuss special cases.
Hipogonadotropik Hipogonadizm ve Kallmann Sendromunda Yeni Tanımlanan DCC/NTN1 Mutasyonları
Authors: KOTAN Leman Damla , ÖZDEMİR DİLEK Semine , AKKUŞ Gamze , TURAN İhsan , YÜKSEL Bilgin , TOPALOĞLU Ali Kemal
Published: December 2019

Embriyonik
gelişim sırasında GnRH nöronları, koku alma nöronlarının akson rehberliğini
kullanarak, doğdukları olfaktör plakoddan son hedefleri olan hipotalamusa göç
etmektedirler. Bu rehberlikte oluşan kusur nedeniyle nöronların yanlış
yönlendirilmesi bozulmuş koku fonksiyonu ve hipogonadotropik hipogonadizmin (HH)
birlikteliğindeki Kallmann sendromu (KS) ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Netrin-1 ve
reseptörü DCC’nin sinyalizasyonu, GnRH migrasyonu için bir yapı iskelesi görevi
gören olfaktör liflerin gelişiminde görev almaktadır. Yakın dönemde, DCC/NTN1
mutasyonlarının GnRH nöron göçünde ve HH/KS hastalık etiyolojisinde rol
oynadığı ilk kez gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda DCC/NTN1 genlerinde hastalık
nedeni olabilecek yeni varyantlar KS/HH hastalarında tanımlandı. Sonuç olarak
olası patojenik varyantların hastalığın her iki formunda gözlenmesi ile anosmik
ve normosmik model arasında net bir ayrımın olmadığını literatürle uyumlu
olarak tekrar doğrulanmış oldu.
The recovery of standing and locomotion after spinal cord injury does not require task-specific training
Authors: Harnie Jonathan , Doelman Adam , de Vette Emmanuelle , Audet Johannie , Desrochers Etienne , Gaudreault Nathaly , Frigon Alain
Published: December 2019

After complete spinal cord injury, mammals, including mice, rats and cats, recover hindlimb locomotion with treadmill training. The premise is that sensory cues consistent with locomotion reorganize spinal sensorimotor circuits. Here, we show that hindlimb standing and locomotion recover after spinal transection in cats without task-specific training. Spinal-transected cats recovered full weight bearing standing and locomotion after five weeks of rhythmic manual stimulation of triceps surae muscles (non-specific training) and without any intervention. Moreover, cats modulated locomotor speed and performed split-belt locomotion six weeks after spinal transection, functions that were not trained or tested in the weeks prior. This indicates that spinal networks controlling standing and locomotion and their interactions with sensory feedback from the limbs remain largely intact after complete spinal cord injury. We conclude that standing and locomotor recovery is due to the return of neuronal excitability within spinal sensorimotor circuits that do not require task-specific activity-dependent plasticity.
The computation of directional selectivity in the Drosophila OFF motion pathway
Authors: Gruntman Eyal , Romani Sandro , Reiser Michael B
Published: December 2019

In flies, the direction of moving ON and OFF features is computed separately. T4 (ON) and T5 (OFF) are the first neurons in their respective pathways to extract a directionally selective response from their non-selective inputs. Our recent study of T4 found that the integration of offset depolarizing and hyperpolarizing inputs is critical for the generation of directional selectivity. However, T5s lack small-field inhibitory inputs, suggesting they may use a different mechanism. Here we used whole-cell recordings of T5 neurons and found a similar receptive field structure: fast depolarization and persistent, spatially offset hyperpolarization. By assaying pairwise interactions of local stimulation across the receptive field, we found no amplifying responses, only suppressive responses to the non-preferred motion direction. We then evaluated passive, biophysical models and found that a model using direct inhibition, but not the removal of excitation, can accurately predict T5 responses to a range of moving stimuli.
The Effect of Procurement Practices on Service Delivery: A Case Study of VRA, Ghana
Authors: Anane Augustine , Adoma Victor , Awuah Gabriel
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effect of procurement policy, procurement planning and sustainable procurement on service delivery. The study employed a quantitative research approach and explanatory design. The target population for the study was staff and management of the Volta River Authority. Structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. The study used SPSS version 32.0 for the data analyses. The study found that 73.6% variations in service delivery were explained by Procurement Policy, Procurement Planning and Sustainable Procurement. The study found that Procurement Policy (β = 0.623 ρ=0.000< 0.05) are significant determinants of service delivery thus a unit change in procurement policy will result in 62.3% change in service delivery.  Procurement Planning (β = 0.027, ρ=0.080< 0.05) are significant determinants of service delivery thus a unit change in procurement planning will result in 2.7% change in service delivery. Sustainable Procurement (β = 0.39 ρ=0.000 < 0.05) are a significant determinant of service delivery. Thus a unit change in Sustainable Procurement will result in 39% change in service delivery. From the model estimation, procurement policy was the strongest predictor of service delivery followed by sustainable procurement and lastly procurement planning. The study revealed a strong significant positive correlation between procurement policy and service delivery.  Moreover, the result showed a strong significant positive correlation between procurement planning and service delivery. Again the study found a significant positive correlation between sustainable procurement and service delivery. The study concludes that Procurement Policy, Procurement Planning and Sustainable Procurement significantly predict service delivery of VRA. The study recommends that the management of VRA must continuously invest in sustainable procurement, procurement planning and procurement policy to enhance service delivery to the public.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavoural Therapy and Logotherapy in Reducing Risky Sexual Behaviour among in-School Adolescents in Benin Metropolis Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Toyin Adeyemi Florence , Elizabeth Egbochuku Omotunde
Published: December 2019

The study investigated the efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Logotherapy in reducing risky sexual behaviours among in-school adolescents in Benin Metropolis, Edo State. Four research questions were raised and formulated to hypotheses to guide the study. A Quasi-experimental design, using pre-test-post-test, and non-equivalent control group was adopted. The population of the study consisted of twenty thousand, four hundred and twenty SS 2 students. The sample consisted of one hundred and thirty five participants, which was selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Three schools were randomly selected from thirty one mixed public Senior Secondary Schools. One school was selected from each Local Government Area that made up the Metropolis. School A served as the experimental group for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, comprising fifty five participants. School B served as the experimental group for Logotherapy, comprising thirty six participants. School C served as the control group, comprising forty four participants. The Adolescent Sexual Behaviour Inventory was used for both the pre-test and post-test.  The reliability coefficient of 0.926 was obtained on the instruments. The data collected were analysed, using t-test, ANOVA and did a post-hoc analysis, using the Least Significant Difference. The findings showed that Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Logotherapy were both slightly efficacious in reducing risky sexual behaviours among in-school adolescents in Benin Metropolis. The study recommended that counselling psychologists and school counsellors should be well trained in the use of CBT and LT in addressing risky behaviours, especially among adolescents.
Vegetative Development of Radish Seedlings in Different Organic Substrates
Authors: Da Costa Jaeggi Mario Euclides Pechara , Rangel Rodrigues Rogério , Pereira Israel Martins , Do Carmo Parajara Magno , Sales Rocha Richardson , Pureza da Cruz Derivaldo , De Castro Monteiro Edevaldo , Luis de Lima Wallace , De Oliveira Bernardes Carolina , De Amaral Gravina Geraldo , Ferreira da Silva Samuel , De Araújo Capetini Samyra
Published: December 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative development of radish seedlings in different organic substrates with seeds from two types of commercial packing. The completely randomized design was used in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four substrates (commercial, tanned bovine manure, mixed organic compound and vermicompost) and two seed packings (aluminized envelope and can), with eight replications, totalizing 64 seedlings. The biometric evaluations of the seedlings were carried out on the 14th day after sowing, and the following phytotechnical parameters were evaluated: leaf number, total fresh mass; fresh mass from aerial part and fresh mass from the root. According to the results, the commercial, vermicompost and mixed organic substrates provided the best results for the variables evaluated when the can was used.
Hydrogen Production through a Solar Powered Electrolysis System
Authors: Udousoro Deborah A. , Dansoh Cliff
Published: December 2019

Production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources is gaining recognition as one of the best energy solutions without ecological drawbacks. The present study reports hydrogen production through a solar powered electrolysis system as a means to curtail greenhouse gas emissions in the United Kingdom. The solar powered electrolysis unit is modeled to provide 58400 kg of hydrogen to run the fuel cell bus fleet in Lea interchange garage in London on a yearly basis. Experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of the photovoltaic module and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. An energy balance of the electrolysis unit was calculated to give 47.82 kWh/kg and used to model a 2.98 MW photovoltaic system required to run the electrolysis process.
High CD206 levels in Hodgkin lymphoma‐educated macrophages are linked to matrix‐remodeling and lymphoma dissemination
Authors: Arlt Annekatrin , von Bonin Frederike , Rehberg Thorsten , Perez‐Rubio Paula , Engelmann Julia C. , Limm Katharina , Reinke Sarah , Dullin Christian , Sun Xueni , Specht Rieke , Maulhardt Markus , Linke Franziska , Bunt Gertrude , Klapper Wolfram , Vockerodt Martina , Wilting Jörg , Pukrop Tobias , Dettmer Katja , Gronwald Wolfram , Oefner Peter J. , Spang Rainer , Kube Dieter
Published: December 2019

Macrophages (Mφ) are abundantly present in the tumor microenvironment and may predict outcome in solid tumors and defined lymphoma subtypes. Mφ heterogeneity, the mechanisms of their recruitment, and their differentiation into lymphoma‐promoting, alternatively activated M2‐like phenotypes are still not fully understood. Therefore, further functional studies are required to understand biological mechanisms associated with human tumor‐associated Mφ (TAM). Here, we show that the global mRNA expression and protein abundance of human Mφ differentiated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)‐conditioned medium (CM) differ from those of Mφ educated by conditioned media from diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells or, classically, by macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). Conditioned media from HL cells support TAM differentiation through upregulation of surface antigens such as CD40, CD163, CD206, and PD‐L1. In particular, RNA and cell surface protein expression of mannose receptor 1 (MRC1)/CD206 significantly exceed the levels induced by classical M‐CSF stimulation in M2‐like Mφ; this is regulated by interleukin 13 to a large extent. Functionally, high CD206 enhances mannose‐dependent endocytosis and uptake of type I collagen. Together with high matrix metalloprotease9 secretion, HL‐TAMs appear to be active modulators of the tumor matrix. Preclinical in ovo models show that co‐cultures of HL cells with monocytes or Mφ support dissemination of lymphoma cells via lymphatic vessels, while tumor size and vessel destruction are decreased in comparison with lymphoma‐only tumors. Immunohistology of human HL tissues reveals a fraction of cases feature large numbers of CD206‐positive cells, with high MRC1 expression being characteristic of HL‐stage IV. In summary, the lymphoma‐TAM interaction contributes to matrix‐remodeling and lymphoma cell dissemination.
Using Metadynamics to Obtain the Free Energy Landscape for Cation Diffusion in Functional Ceramics: Dopant Distribution Control in Rare Earth‐Doped BaTiO3
Authors: Ward Robyn E. , Freeman Colin L. , Dean Julian S. , Sinclair Derek C. , Harding John H.
Published: December 2019

Barium titanate is the dielectric material of choice in most multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and thus in the production of ≈3 trillion devices every year, with an estimated global market of ≈$8330 million per year. Rare earth dopants are regularly used to reduce leakage currents and improve the MLCC lifetime. Simulations are used to investigate the ability of yttrium, dysprosium, and gadolinium to reduce leakage currents by trapping mobile oxygen defects. All the rare earths investigated trap oxygen vacancies, however, dopant pairs are more effective traps than isolated dopants. The number of trapping sites increases with the ion size of the dopant, suggesting that gadolinium should be more effective than dysprosium, which contradicts experimental data. Additional simulations on diffusion of rare earths through the lattice during sintering show that dysprosium diffuses significantly faster than the other rare earths considered. As a consequence, its greater ability to reduce oxygen migration is a combination of thermodynamics (a strong ability to trap oxygen vacancies) and kinetics (sufficient distribution of the rare earth in the lattice to intercept the migrating defects).
Advanced Bottom‐Up Engineering of Living Architectures
Authors: Gaspar Vítor M. , Lavrador Pedro , Borges João , Oliveira Mariana B. , Mano João F.
Published: December 2019

Bottom‐up tissue engineering is a promising approach for designing modular biomimetic structures that aim to recapitulate the intricate hierarchy and biofunctionality of native human tissues. In recent years, this field has seen exciting progress driven by an increasing knowledge of biological systems and their rational deconstruction into key core components. Relevant advances in the bottom‐up assembly of unitary living blocks toward the creation of higher order bioarchitectures based on multicellular‐rich structures or multicomponent cell–biomaterial synergies are described. An up‐to‐date critical overview of long‐term existing and rapidly emerging technologies for integrative bottom‐up tissue engineering is provided, including discussion of their practical challenges and required advances. It is envisioned that a combination of cell–biomaterial constructs with bioadaptable features and biospecific 3D designs will contribute to the development of more robust and functional humanized tissues for therapies and disease models, as well as tools for fundamental biological studies.
Enhanced CO2 Absorption in Organic Solutions of Biobased Ionic Liquids
Authors: Davarpanah Elahe , Hernández Simelys , Latini Giulio , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Bocchini Sergio
Published: December 2019

Solutions of biobased ionic liquids (ILs) for recovering CO2 from industrial flue gas are investigated. Four CO2 task‐specific choline‐based amino acids ([Cho][AA]): Alanine, Glycine, and, for the first time, Proline and Serine are tested. The drawbacks related to the high viscosity of these ILs are limited by applying dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, which is chosen because it is a polar aprotic liquid with a low toxicity, low vapor pressure, and relatively low price. The choline‐based amino acids synthesized in this study have good absorption capacities (up to 0.3 mol CO2/mol IL, with only 12.5 wt% IL in DMSO) that represent the best performance of CO2 task‐specific IL solutions to date. These solutions are competitive due to their low cost, low environmental impact, easy processability (due to their low viscosity) and good regenerability for the production and storage of pure CO2.
Printed Flexible Organic Transistors with Tunable Aspect Ratios
Authors: Sadeghi Mahsa , Delparastan Peyman , Pierre Adrien , Arias Ana Claudia
Published: December 2019

A fabrication technique that allows aspect ratio modulation in a large array of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is demonstrated. In this design, discrete interdigitated source and drain electrodes can be individually selected to create a range of aspect ratios (W/L). It is shown that by increasing the aspect ratio, the drain current is increased respectively. Arrays of OTFTs are fabricated with a combination of inkjet printing and surface energy patterned blade coating. OTFTs with optimized aspect ratios are interconnected to form electronic circuits with the desired performance. A fabricated enhancement‐load inverter with selected aspect ratios of 2000 µm/50 µm for the drive OTFT and 250 µm/50 µm for the load transistor show good switching performance with a dc gain of approximately 6 at supply voltage of −20 V.
Layered Metal Hydroxides and Their Derivatives: Controllable Synthesis, Chemical Exfoliation, and Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Chen Gen , Wan Hao , Ma Wei , Zhang Ning , Cao Yijun , Liu Xiaohe , Wang Jun , Ma Renzhi
Published: December 2019

Layered metal hydroxides (LMHs) are regarded as a novel and important class of inorganic functional materials. They have unique layered structure and variable chemical compositions that can be readily tuned. In this review, summarized are the recent advances of synthetic routes to the LMHs with designed morphology, composition, and function for electrocatalysis. Versatile products can be readily derived by hybridization, anion‐exchange, surface modification, self‐assembly, etc. More importantly, LMHs can be artificially exfoliated into unilamellar nanosheets with a molecular‐level thickness of about 1 nm versus 2D lateral size in submicrometer or micrometer scale. Molecular‐scale assembly can be then applied to fabricate superlattice‐like composites and functional nanofilms with high quality. The hydroxides can be transformed into oxides, nitrides, or other compounds via different preparation procedures, which can further extend their application prospects. In this regard, the most promising electrocatalysis‐related applications of LMHs and their derivatives are reviewed, such as oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, alcohol or urea electrooxidation, etc. At last, future challenges are also discussed from the aspect of synthesis and application, as well as encouraging advancements are anticipated.
Ultrathin Nanosheets of Oxo‐functionalized Graphene Inhibit the Ion Migration in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Meng , Zuo Wei‐Wei , Wang Qiong , Wang Kai‐Li , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Köbler Hans , Halbig Christian E. , Eigler Siegfried , Yang Ying‐Guo , Gao Xing‐Yu , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Li Yongfang , Abate Antonio
Published: December 2019

Mixed cation/halide perovskites have led to a significant increase in the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. However, mobile ionic defects inevitably exacerbate the photoinduced phase segregation and self‐decomposition of the crystal structure. Herein, ultrathin 2D nanosheets of oxo‐functionalized graphene/dodecylamine (oxo‐G/DA) are used to solve ion migration in cesium (Cs)‐formamidinium (FA)‐methylammonium (MA) triple‐cation‐based perovskites. Based on the superconducting carbon skeleton and functional groups that provide lone pairs of electrons on it, the ultrathin 2D network structure can fit tightly on the crystals and wrap them, isolating them, and thus reducing the migration of ions within the built‐in electric field of the perovskite film. As evidence of the formation of sharp crystals with different orientation within the perovskite film, moiré fringes are observed in transmission electron microscopy. Thus, a champion device with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.1% (the efficiency distribution is 18.8 ± 1.7%) and a remarkable fill factor of 81%, with reduced hysteresis and improved long‐term stability, is reported. This work provides a simple method for the improvement of the structural stability of perovskite in solar cells.
Atomically Dispersed Mo Supported on Metallic Co9S8 Nanoflakes as an Advanced Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Water Splitting Catalyst Working in Universal pH Conditions
Authors: Wang Ligang , Duan Xinxuan , Liu Xijun , Gu Jing , Si Rui , Qiu Yi , Qiu Yaming , Shi Dier , Chen Fanhong , Sun Xiaoming , Lin Jianhua , Sun Junliang
Published: December 2019

Water splitting requires development of cost‐effective multifunctional materials that can catalyze both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiently. Currently, the OER relies on the noble‐metal catalysts; since with other catalysts, its operation environment is greatly limited in alkaline conditions. Herein, an advanced water oxidation catalyst based on metallic Co9S8 decorated with single‐atomic Mo (0.99 wt%) is synthesized (Mo‐Co9S8@C). It exhibits pronounced water oxidization activity in acid, alkali, and neutral media by showing positive onset potentials of 200, 90, and 290 mV, respectively, which manifests the best Co9S8‐based single‐atom Mo catalyst till now. Moreover, it also demonstrates excellent HER performance over a wide pH range. Consequently, the catalyst even outperforms noble metal Pt/IrO2‐based catalysts for overall water splitting (only requiring 1.68 V in acid, and 1.56 V in alkaline). Impressively, it works under a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with no obvious decay during a 24 h (0.5 m H2SO4) and 72 h (1.0 m KOH) durability experiment. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the synergistic effects of atomically dispersed Mo with Co‐containing substrates can efficiently alter the binding energies of adsorbed intermediate species and decrease the overpotentials of the water splitting.
Geochemical phenomena between Utica‐Point Pleasant shale and hydraulic fracturing fluid
Authors: Spencer Michael , Garlapalli Ravinder , Trembly Jason P.
Published: December 2019

This study evaluated geochemistry between the Utica‐Point Pleasant shale and reservoir/hydraulic fracturing fluid mixtures under simulated reservoir conditions in a batch reactor system. Analytical techniques were utilized to monitor fluid composition with time along with pre‐ and post‐trial shale microscopy and phase identification analyses. Formation of iron‐based precipitate was evident through results from fluid and material analyses. Ferrous iron was the predominant iron form found in the aqueous phase, with oxidation to ferric iron and subsequent precipitate formation. Geochemical modeling further supported ferric iron was the favorable phase for precipitation.
Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of Pearson syndrome: Five new cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Wild K. Taylor , Goldstein Amy C. , Muraresku Colleen , Ganetzky Rebecca D.
Published: December 2019

Pearson syndrome (PS) is a multisystem mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder typically characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PS is caused by a single large‐scale mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion. PS classically presents in the first year of life and may be fatal in infancy. Children who survive PS may progress to develop Kearns–Sayre syndrome later in life. The full phenotypic spectrum and prognosis of the condition continue to evolve. Here we report five new patients with PS with unique clinical presentations, including four patients with onset later than previously reported in the literature, and one patient with prenatal onset of symptoms. The timing and unique features of these presentations support an expanded phenotypic spectrum of single large‐scale mtDNA deletion syndromes (SLSMDS) and reinforce the importance of including SLSMDS in the differential for children with complex multisystem presentations.
The sixth international RASopathies symposium: Precision medicine—From promise to practice
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Schill Lisa , Schoyer Lisa , Stronach Beth , Bennett Anton M. , Blaser Susan , Brown Amanda , Burdine Rebecca , Burkitt‐Wright Emma , Castel Pau , Darilek Sandra , Dias Alwyn , Dyer Tuesdi , Ellis Michelle , Erickson Gregg , Gelb Bruce D. , Green Tamar , Gross Andrea , Ho Alan , Holder James Lloyd , Inoue Shin‐Ichi , Jelin Angie C. , Kennedy Annie , Klein Richard , Kontaridis Maria I. , Magoulas Pilar , McConnell Darryl B. , McCormick Frank , Neel Benjamin G. , Prada Carlos E. , Rauen Katherine A. , Roberts Amy , Rodriguez‐Viciana Pablo , Rosen Neal , Rumbaugh Gavin , Sablina Anna , Solman Maja , Tartaglia Marco , Thomas Angelica , Timmer William C. , Venkatachalam Kartik , Walsh Karin S. , Wolters Pamela L. , Yi Jae‐Sung , Zenker Martin , Ratner Nancy
Published: December 2019

The RASopathies are a group of genetic disorders that result from germline pathogenic variants affecting RAS‐mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes. RASopathies share RAS/MAPK pathway dysregulation and share phenotypic manifestations affecting numerous organ systems, causing lifelong and at times life‐limiting medical complications. RASopathies may benefit from precision medicine approaches. For this reason, the Sixth International RASopathies Symposium focused on exploring precision medicine. This meeting brought together basic science researchers, clinicians, clinician scientists, patient advocates, and representatives from pharmaceutical companies and the National Institutes of Health. Novel RASopathy genes, variants, and animal models were discussed in the context of medication trials and drug development. Attempts to define and measure meaningful endpoints for treatment trials were discussed, as was drug availability to patients after trial completion.
A novel homozygous nonsense mutation of VPS13B associated with previously unreported features of Cohen syndrome
Authors: Koehler Katrin , Schuelke Markus , Hell Anna K. , Schittkowski Michael , Huebner Angela , Brockmann Knut
Published: December 2019

Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B; formerly COH1) gene. The core clinical phenotype comprises a characteristic facial gestalt, marked developmental delay, and myopia. Additional, nonobligatory features include obesity, microcephaly, short stature, muscular hypotonia, scoliosis, narrow hands and feet, progressive retinopathy, as well as neutropenia. Here we report a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene and previously undescribed clinical features in a 19‐year‐old woman with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a particular facial appearance. The patient showed several features consistent with CS. In addition, the parents observed congenital alacrima and anhidrosis persisting until onset of puberty. The diagnosis was not established based on the clinical phenotype. We performed whole‐genome sequencing and identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.62T>G (NM_152564.4), p.(Leu21*) in the VPS13B gene. Our findings extended the previously reported phenotype of CS. We conclude that transient, prepubertal alacrima and anhidrosis are part of the phenotypic spectrum of CS associated with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene.
Biosynthesis of the N–N‐Bond‐Containing Compound l‐Alanosine
Authors: Wang Menghua , Niikura Haruka , He Hai‐Yan , Daniel‐Ivad Phillip , Ryan Katherine S.
Published: December 2019

The formation of a N−N bond is a unique biochemical transformation, and nature employs diverse biosynthetic strategies to activate nitrogen for bond formation. Among molecules that contain a N−N bond, biosynthetic routes to diazeniumdiolates remain enigmatic. We here report the biosynthetic pathway for the diazeniumdiolate‐containing amino acid l‐alanosine. Our work reveals that the two nitrogen atoms in the diazeniumdiolate of l‐alanosine arise from glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and we clarify the early steps of the biosynthetic pathway by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Our work demonstrates a peptidyl‐carrier‐protein‐based mechanism for activation of the precursor l‐diaminopropionate, and we also show that nitric oxide can participate in non‐enzymatic diazeniumdiolate formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the gene alnA, which encodes a fusion protein with an N‐terminal cupin domain and a C‐terminal AraC‐like DNA‐binding domain, is required for alanosine biosynthesis.
Tweaking Nickel with Minimal Silver in a Heterogeneous Alloy of Decahedral Geometry to Deliver Platinum‐like Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Majee Rahul , Kumar Arun , Das Tisita , Chakraborty Sudip , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: December 2019

Five‐fold intertwined AgxNi1−x (x=0.01–0.25) heterogeneous alloy nanocrystal (NC) catalysts, prepared through unique reagent combinations, are presented. With only ca. 5 at % Ag (AgNi‐5), Pt‐like activity has been achieved at pH 14. To reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 the extremely stable AgNi‐5 requires an overpotential of 24.0±1.2 mV as compared to 20.1±0.8 mV for 20 % Pt/C, both with equal catalyst loading of 1.32 mg cm−2. The turnover frequency (TOF) is as high as 2.1 H2 s−1 at 50 mV (vs. RHE). Site‐specific elemental analyses show the Ag:Ni compositional variation, where the apex and edges of the decahedra are Ag‐rich, thereby exposing Ni onto the faces to achieve maximum charge transport for an exceptional pH universal HER activity. DFT calculations elucidate the relative H‐atom adsorption capability of the Ni centers as a function of their proximity to Ag atom.
A Quantitative Model for Alkane Nucleophilicity Based on C−H Bond Structural/Topological Descriptors
Authors: Besora Maria , Olmos Andrea , Gava Riccardo , Noverges Bárbara , Asensio Gregorio , Caballero Ana , Maseras Feliu , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: December 2019

A first quantitative model for calculating the nucleophilicity of alkanes is described. A statistical treatment was applied to the analysis of the reactivity of 29 different alkane C−H bonds towards in situ generated metal carbene electrophiles. The correlation of the recently reported experimental reactivity with two different sets of descriptors comprising a total of 86 parameters was studied, resulting in the quantitative descriptor‐based alkane nucleophilicity (QDEAN) model. This model consists of an equation with only six structural/topological descriptors, and reproduces the relative reactivity of the alkane C−H bonds. This reactivity can be calculated from parameters emerging from the schematic drawing of the alkane and a simple set of sums.
Amperometric Measurements and Dynamic Models Reveal a Mechanism for How Zinc Alters Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Ren Lin , Oleinick Alexander , Svir Irina , Amatore Christian , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: December 2019

Zinc, a suspected potentiator of learning and memory, is shown to affect exocytotic release and storage in neurotransmitter‐containing vesicles. Structural and size analysis of the vesicular dense core and halo using transmission electron microscopy was combined with single‐cell amperometry to study the vesicle size changes induced after zinc treatment and to compare these changes to theoretical predictions based on the concept of partial release as opposed to full quantal release. This powerful combined analytical approach establishes the existence of an unsuspected strong link between vesicle structure and exocytotic dynamics, which can be used to explain the mechanism of regulation of synaptic plasticity by Zn2+ through modulation of neurotransmitter release.
A Molecular Chameleon for Mapping Subcellular Polarity in an Unfolded Proteome Environment
Authors: Owyong Tze Cin , Subedi Pramod , Deng Jieru , Hinde Elizabeth , Paxman Jason J. , White Jonathan M. , Chen Weisan , Heras Begoña , Wong Wallace W. H. , Hong Yuning
Published: December 2019

Environmental polarity is an important factor that drives biomolecular interactions to regulate cell function. Herein, a general method of using the fluorogenic probe NTPAN‐MI is reported to quantify the subcellular polarity change in response to protein unfolding. NTPAN‐MI fluorescence is selectively activated upon labeling unfolded proteins with exposed thiols, thereby reporting on the extent of proteostasis. NTPAN‐MI also reveals the collapse of the host proteome caused by influenza A virus infection. The emission profile of NTPAN‐MI contains information of the local polarity of the unfolded proteome, which can be resolved through spectral phasor analysis. Under stress conditions that disrupt different checkpoints of protein quality control, distinct patterns of dielectric constant distribution in the cytoplasm can be observed. However, in the nucleus, the unfolded proteome was found to experience a more hydrophilic environment across all the stress conditions, indicating the central role of nucleus in the stress response process.
Cross‐Cultural Validity of Bowen Theory in Southern European Countries
Authors: Lampis J. , Rodríguez‐González M. , Cataudella S. , Relvas A. P. , Neophytou K. , Agus M.
Published: December 2019

We present a comparison between Italy, Spain, Greece, and Portugal to test the cross‐cultural validity of the Differentiation of Self Inventory Revised (DSI‐R) Scales of emotional cut‐off (EC) and emotional reactivity (ER). Our study focuses on the importance of in‐depth analyses of the differentiation of self‐constructs from a cross‐cultural perspective and reflects on the possibility of conceptualising the universality of Bowen theory in southern European countries. The study involved 1,807 healthy individuals. All participants completed the DSI‐R (Skowron & Schmitt, 2003). It was found that the measurement models had a suitable fit for each country group. Nevertheless, in our study, the two DSI‐R subscales, ER and EC, highlighted a weak invariance, specifically demonstrating only the invariance of the pattern factor loadings and the magnitude of factor loadings in the four samples. The empirical and clinical implications of these data are discussed.