bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology оf Safe Galvanochemical Process оf Strong Platings Forming Using Ternary Alloy
Authors: Hapon Yuliana , Tregubov Dmytro , Tarakhno Olena , Deineka Victoriia
Published: August 2020

Established the possibility of galvanochemical obtaining of a plating stronger than in case of chrome precipitation. Proposed precipitation of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W, which allows using the effect of synergism. Proposed and researched usage instead of sulphate-anhydride electrolyte – citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate one. Achieved an increase in current efficiency of precipitated alloy and decrease in current efficiency of hydrogen, with respect to chrome precipitation, which increased safety of the galvanochemical industry. Selected the optimal ratios of components in citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate electrolytes for ternary alloy Co-Мо-W precipitation. Determined the parameters of electrical effect for the galvanic process: constant current – j = 2–8 А/dm2, pulse unipolar current – j = 4–20 А/дм2. Achieved a high microhardness of this plating and high adhesion to base surface. Achieved greater safety of the galvanochemical technological process of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W application compared with chromium plating.
Use of Palladium-Modified Polyaniline Electrode as a Sensitive Element of Fire Sensor
Authors: Ryshchenko Igor , Lyashok Larisa , Vasilchenko Alexey , Asotskyi Vitalii , Skatkov Leonid
Published: August 2020

Results of the development of a method for immobilizing nanosized palladium into an electrochemically synthesized polyaniline (PAn) electrically conductive porous matrix to create a sensitive element of an ignition sensor are presented. Two methods of manufacturing a sensitive element in the form of an electrode are investigated. The first method consists in the co-precipitation of polyaniline and palladium on a graphitized butyl rubber substrate in a mode of cycling of potential. It was shown that this method can be used to obtain a volume-porous electrode in which palladium nanoparticles are embedded in a polyaniline matrix. The second method involves the deposition of palladium on a polyaniline film formed on graphitized butyl rubber. It was shown that micron-sized island palladium conglomerates on the surface of a polyaniline film can be obtained by this method. The conclusions made are confirmed by physical research methods and the results of scanning electron microscopy. Investigations of the electrocatalytic properties of the electrode in the sensor model showed that with a change in the H2 concentration formed upon ignition, occurs change in the hydrogen concentration on the surface of metal-catalyst (Pd) and a linear change in the current of electrochemical reaction. Comparison of a composite volume-porous polyaniline electrode with embedded palladium showed its superior efficiency compared to a compact palladium electrode and an electrode in which palladium is deposited on the surface of a polyaniline film. The possibility of using an electrochemical detector based on polyaniline with immobilized palladium nanoparticles for a gas amperometric sensor of low hydrogen concentrations and a fire hazard detector is shown.
Design and Research of Eco-Friendly Polymer Composites
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Tykhomyrova Tetyana , Litvinenko Ievgeniia , Avina Svitlana , Saimbetova Zhaniya
Published: August 2020

The ways of using coffee grounds as fillers for biodegradable polymer material and dishes from it is shown. Research of chemical, physical, mechanical and operational properties of new high-filler composite based on polylactide are carried out. It is also noticed, that using coffee grounds as fillers for polymer materials can decrease the total volume of it at landfills faster than any other method of coffee ground reuse.
Epoxidized Dinaphthol Application as the Basis for Binder with Advanced Carbonation Level to Reducing its Flammability
Authors: Afanasenko Kostiantyn , Romin Andrii , Klyuchka Yuriy , Lypovyi Volodymyr , Hasanov Khalid
Published: August 2020

The possibility of using polymers based on epoxyphenolic binders to obtain fiberglass with an intense level of carbonization has been investigated. The correlation between the pyrolytic transformations intensity and the fire hazard indicators of polymers is shown. It is established that the conditions for the intensive passage of pyrolytic reactions are facilitated by the presence in the matrix system of conjugated aromatic (naphthalene) radicals. The C/H ratio in the carbonized layer is confirmed by the data of IR spectroscopy both at the preparation stage and after exposure to characteristic temperatures.
Study Insulating and Cooling Properties of the Material on the Basis of Crushed Foam Glass and Determination of its Extinguishing Characteristics with the Attitude to Alcohols
Authors: Kireev Oleksandr , Tregubov Dmytro , Safronov Serhii , Saveliev Dmitriy
Published: August 2020

To extinguish alcohols, it is proposed to use a two-layer material consisting of a layer of a light porous carrier, on which an insulating gel layer is applied. The use of crushed foam glass as a porous carrier is justified. To obtain an insulating layer of gel, it is proposed to use a gel-forming system CaCl2 + Na2 O · 2.7 SiO2 . The insulating and cooling properties with respect to the alcohols of two separate layers and the buoyancy of a crushed foam glass layer are determined. The cooling properties of the two-layer foam glass - gel material were evaluated. To increase the cooling properties of the foam glass, it is proposed to wet it. It was found that, at the same time as the cooling effect increases, wetting of the foam glass leads to a decrease in its buoyancy and insulating properties with respect to alcohol vapors. The heights of dry and wetted foam glass layers necessary to stop the combustion of one, two, and three atomic alcohols were experimentally determined. It is concluded that alcohols can be quenched with dry and moistened foam glass, both with a gel layer applied to its surface and without a gel layer.
Analysis of Forced Longitudinal Vibrations of Columns Taking into Account Internal Resistance in Resonance Zones
Authors: Krutii Yurii , Kovrov Anatolii , Otrosh Yurii , Surianinov Mykola
Published: August 2020

In analytical form, formulas are obtained for the amplitude of forced harmonic longitudinal vibrations of reinforced concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete columns with fixed edges. In order to verify the proposed approach, columns were simulated in the ANSYS program and calculated by the finite element method. Analysis of the calculations shows that a significant raise in the amplitude of the forced vibrations is observed only in the region of the first resonant frequency. It has been established that the value of the maximum amplitude of the vibrations of the fiber reinforced concrete column is 16% less than that for a reinforced concrete column.
Identification of a Novel Antisepsis Pathway: Sectm1a Enhances Macrophage Phagocytosis of Bacteria through Activating GITR
Authors: Mu Xingjiang , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaohong , Li Yutian , Zhao Hongyan , Li Qianqian , Essandoh Kobina , Deng Shan , Peng Tianqing , Fan Guo-Chang
Published: August 2020

The inability to effectively control invading bacteria or other pathogens is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction and death in sepsis. As the first-line defense of the immune system, macrophages play a crucial role in the removal of pathogens during sepsis. In this study, we define secreted and transmembrane 1A (Sectm1a) as a novel ligand of glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) that greatly boosts macrophage phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity. Using a global Sectm1a knockout (KO) mouse model, we observed that Sectm1a deficiency significantly suppressed phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in both recruited macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages, which consequently aggravated bacterial burden in the blood and multiple organs and further increased systemic inflammation, leading to multiple organ injury and increased mortality during polymicrobial sepsis. By contrast, treatment of septic mice with recombinant Sectm1a protein (rSectm1a) not only promoted macrophage phagocytosis and bactericidal activity but also significantly improved survival outcome. Mechanistically, we identified that Sectm1a could bind to GITR in the surface of macrophages and thereby activate its downstream PI3K–Akt pathway. Accordingly, rSectm1a-mediated phagocytosis and bacterial killing were abolished in macrophages by either KO of GITR or pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K–Akt pathway. In addition, rSectm1a-induced therapeutic effects on sepsis injury were negated in GITR KO mice. Taken together, these results uncover that Sectm1a may represent a novel target for drug development to control bacterial dissemination during sepsis or other infectious diseases.
The Pattern of Publications on Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Cavernomas in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Alolyani Amira , Alotaibi Horia , AlHamid May Adel , Alabbas Faisal , Al-Jehani Hosam
Published: August 2020

Background: Cerebrovascular malformations are encountered frequently in clinical practice, but not much is known about the pattern of publication in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. We aim to evaluate the status and pattern of publications of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cavernomas in the MENA. Materials and Methods: PubMed database was searched for publications on cerebral AVM and cavernomas in the MENA between 2009 and 2019. Results: We found only 94 publications in the MENA region out of 31,333 publications pertaining to AVMs (0.3%). The highest publishing country was Turkey, with 50 (53.1%) studies. The case report was the study design used most by authors with 59 (62.7%) studies. The majority of publications were by neurosurgeons with 42 of 94 (42.4%) papers. European journals ranked first in the number of published articles with 42 of 94 (46.1%) articles. Conclusions: We found a limited number of publications on cerebral AVMs and cavernomas by MENA countries in the past decade. Research support and national/regional registries are important factors to improve the academic output on AVMs and cavernomas in the MENA region.
Can Cash Holding, Bonus Plan, Company Size and Profitability Affect Income Smoothing Practices?
Authors: Anwar Anwar , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: August 2020

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of cash holding, bonus plan, zise company and profitability to income smoothing.This research was conducted at the food and beverage sector manufacturing companies in the 2016-2018 period.The samples were 36 sub-districts selected by the non-method is purposive sampling for 18 the food and beverage sector manufacturing companies in the 2016-2018 period. The data analysis model used in this research uses multiple regression analysis techniques using spss V. 23. The results of this study indicate that cash holding, bonus plan, zise company and profitability positive and significant effect to income smoothing
Estudio bibliometrico sobre depresion y suicidio en niños, niñas y adolescentes, periodo 2003-2014
Authors: Loo Martínez Lucia , Jesús Peña Mercedes , Camargo Herrera Luis , Castro Hurtado Verónica , Cadenas Huiza Henry , Cabello Collachagua Yaneth , Daga León Eliana , Flores Ventocilla Diana , Huaranga Paitan Leydi , León Carlos Karol , Mallqui Cuadros Ana , Ñaupari Gutiérrez Lucia , Ochoa Quiñones Katherin , Sánchez Jesús Carla , Vera Prado Vianca , Urco Cáceres Sandro
Published: August 2020

La depresión y suicidio en nuestros niños, niñas y ado­ lescentes es un problema de salud pública que preocupa a la sociedad en general, las proyecciones de la Organi­ zación Mundial de la Salud, sobre la salud mental en la población infanto­juvenil no son alentadoras por ello, considerando que es importante conocer  el estado de la producción científica en este tema y ser un referente para posteriores investigaciones, OBJETIVO: Analizar la producción científica publica­da en depresión y suicido en niños, niñas  y adolescen­ tes del 2003 al 2014 a través del análisis bibliométrico de 94 artículos accedidos de las  principales bases de datos, en lengua española. Nuestros hallazgos son, que los temas más investigados son depresión en adolescen­ tes (23.4%) seguidos de depresión en niños (21.2%), siendo Colombia (26.6%), México (17.02%) y España (15.9%) los que más han publicado. la producción cien­ tífica empieza a incrementarse a partir del año 2012. METODO: Estas investigaciones son del tipo aplica­ da­sustantiva (63.9%), en las que sobresale el Diseño descriptivo correlacional (22.4%) y el descriptivo sim­ ple (16.4%). Las muestras suelen ser del tipo no probabilístico intencional (65.7%) siendo el tamaño ma­ yoritario de 101 y 500 participantes (40.3%), en ellas se han incluido varones y mujeres (95.5%), siendo los adolescentes del nivel secundario los más investigados (73%), el 88% no reporta nivel socioeconómico. Entre los instrumentos de medición se reportan los cuestio­ narios y escalas y tests psicométricos (71%) siendo el Cuestionario de depresión para niños CDS el más utili­ zado. Finalmente, más del 84% de producción corresponde a autorías múltiples.
Schatzker Type VI Injury with Missed Posterior Dislocation of the Hip
Authors: Mothilal Murali , Khader F Abdul , Rajan T Sundara , Mohammad Jamal
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Posterior dislocation of the hip can be an associated injury with fracture neck and shaft of the femur fractures.

Case description

A 33-year-old male came to us with above knee slab of the left leg. He had a fall from the bike and took initial treatment elsewhere. The X-ray and diagnosis of Schatzker type VI injury of the left knee were already done in the previous hospital. The upper tibia fixed with L-plate with screws. When the patient started walking in parallel bar, he felt twisting strain on the left hip and complained of pain in the left hip region. Now, the patient had shortening and internal rotation of the left lower limb. Clinically diagnosed posterior dislocation of the left hip was confirmed with X-ray. Reduction of dislocation was done.

Conclusion

X-rays of proximal and distal joints are mandatory. The statement stands testimony every time.

How to cite this article

Mothilal M, Khader FA, Rajan TS, et al. Schatzker Type VI Injury with Missed Posterior Dislocation of the Hip. J Orth Joint Surg 2020;2(1):43–45.
Calibrating satellite-derived carbon fluxes for retrospective and near real-time assimilation systems
Authors: Weir Brad , Ott Lesley E. , Collatz George J. , Kawa Stephan R. , Poulter Benjamin , Chatterjee Abhishek , Oda Tomohiro , Pawson Steven
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The ability to monitor and understand natural and anthropogenic variability in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a growing need of many stakeholders across the world. Systems that assimilate satellite observations, given their short latency and dense spatial coverage, into high-resolution global models are valuable, if not essential, tools for addressing this need. A notable drawback of modern assimilation systems is the long latency of many vital input datasets, e.g., inventories, in situ measurements, and reprocessed remote-sensing data can trail the current date by months to years. This paper describes techniques for calibrating surface fluxes derived from satellite observations of the Earth's surface to be consistent with constraints from inventories and in situ CO2 datasets. The techniques are applicable in both short-term forecasts and retrospective simulations, thus taking advantage of the coverage and short latency of satellite data while reproducing the major features of long-term inventory and in situ records. Our approach begins with a standard collection of diagnostic fluxes which incorporate a variety of remote-sensing driver data, viz. vegetation indices, fire radiative power, and nighttime lights. We then apply an empirical sink to calibrate the diagnostic fluxes to match given atmospheric and oceanic growth rates for each year. This step removes coherent, systematic flux errors that produce biases in CO2 which mask the signals an assimilation system hopes to capture. Depending on the simulation mode, the empirical sink uses different choices of atmospheric growth rates: estimates based on observations in retrospective mode and projections based on seasonal forecasts of sea surface temperature in forecasting mode. The retrospective fluxes, when used in simulations with NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), reproduce marine boundary layer measurements with comparable skill to those using fluxes from a modern inversion system. The forecasted fluxes show promising accuracy in their application to the analysis of changes in the carbon cycle as they occur.
Synoptic drivers of co-occurring summertime ozone and PM2.5 pollution in eastern China
Authors: Zong Lian , Yang Yuanjian , Gao Meng , Wang Hong , Wang Peng , Zhang Hongliang , Wang Linlin , Ning Guicai , Liu Chao , Li Yubin , Gao Zhiqiu
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In recent years, surface ozone (O3) pollution during summertime (June–August) over eastern China has become more serious, and it is even the case that surface O3 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm in the air) pollution can co-occur. However, the synoptic circulation pattern related to this compound pollution remains unclear. In this study, the T-mode principal component analysis method is used to objectively classify four synoptic weather patterns (SWPs) that occur over eastern China, based on the geopotential heights at 500 hPa during summertime from 2015 to 2018. Four SWPs of eastern China are closely related to the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), exhibiting, significant intraseasonal and interannual variations. Note that remarkable spatial and temporal disparities of surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution are given under these four different SWPs according to the ground-level air quality and meteorological observations. In areas controlled by the WPSH or the prevailing westerlies, O3 pollution is mainly caused by photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds under weather conditions of high temperature, moderate humidity and slight precipitation. In particular, the warm moist flow brought by the WPSH can promote hygroscopic growth of fine particulate matter in some local areas, resulting in the increase of PM2.5 concentrations, which may form co-occurring surface O3 and PM2.5 pollution. In addition, the low boundary layer height and frequency of light-wind days are closely related to the transmission and diffusion of pollutants under the different SWPs, modulating the levels of O3–PM2.5 compound pollution. Overall, our findings demonstrate the different roles played by synoptic weather patterns in driving regional surface O3–PM2.5 compound pollution, in addition to the large quantities of emissions, and may also provide insights into the regional co-occurring high PM2.5 and high O3 level via the effects of certain meteorological factors.
Potential of future stratospheric ozone loss in the mid-latitudes
under climate change and sulfate geoengineering
Authors: Robrecht Sabine , Vogel Bärbel , Tilmes Simone , Müller Rolf
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The potential of heterogeneous chlorine activation in the mid-latitude lowermost stratosphere during summer is a matter of debate. The occurrence of heterogeneous chlorine activation through the presence of aerosol particles could cause ozone destruction. This chemical process requires low temperatures and is accelerated by an enhancement of the stratospheric water vapour and sulfate amount. In particular, the conditions present in the lowermost stratosphere during the North American Summer Monsoon season (NAM) are expected to be cold and moist enough for causing the occurrence of heterogeneous chlorine activation. Furthermore, the temperatures, the water vapour mixing ratio and the sulfate aerosol abundance are affected by future climate change and by the potential application of sulfate geoengineering. Hence, both future scenarios could promote this ozone destruction process. We investigate the likelihood for the occurrence of heterogeneous chlorine activation and its impact on ozone in the lowermost stratospheric mixing layer between tropospheric and stratospheric air above central North America (30.6–49.6° N, 72.25–124.75° W) in summer for conditions today, at the mid and at the end of the 21st century. Therefore, the results of the Geoengineering Large Ensemble Simulations (GLENS) for the lowermost stratospheric mixing layer between tropospheric and stratospheric air are considered together with 10 day box-model simulations performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In GLENS two future scenarios are simulated: the RCP8.5 climate change scenario and a geoengineering scenario, where sulfur is additionally injected in the stratosphere to keep the global mean surface temperature from changing. In the GLENS simulations, the mixing layer will warm and moisten in both future scenarios with a larger effect in the geoengineering scenario. The likelihood for chlorine activation to occur in the mixing layer is highest in the years 2040–2050 if geoengineering is applied, accounting for 3.3 %. In comparison, the likelihood for conditions today is 1.0 %. At the end of the 21st century, the likelihood of this ozone destruction process to occur decreases. We found that 0.1 % of the ozone mixing ratios in the mixing layer above central North America is destroyed for conditions today. A maximum ozone destruction of 0.3 % in the mixing layer occurs in the years 2040–2050 if geoengineering is applied. Comparing the southernmost latitude band (30–35° N) and the northernmost latitude band (44–49° N) of the considered region, we found a higher likelihood for the occurrence of heterogeneous chlorine activation in the southernmost latitude band, causing a higher impact on ozone as well. However, the ozone loss process is found to have a minor impact on the mid-latitude ozone column with not more than 0.1 DU today or in the future scenarios.
THE HANDHELD MOBILE LASER SCANNERS AS A TOOL FOR ACCURATE POSITIONING UNDER FOREST CANOPY
Authors: Chudá J. , Hunčaga M. , Tuček J. , Mokroš M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Nowadays it is important to shift positional accuracy of object measurements under the forest canopy closer to the accuracy standards for land surveys due to the requirements in the field of ecosystem protection, sustainable forest management, property relations, and land register. Simultaneously, it is desirable to use the technology of environmental data acquisition which is not time consuming and cost demanding. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are the most used for positioning today. However, the usefulness and also the accuracy of the measurements with this technology depend on various factors (the strength of the GNSS signal, the geometric position of satellites, the multipath effect etc.). Based on the above mentioned facts, the usability of technology independent of GNSS indicates an ideal solution for positioning under the forest canopy. Several studies have studied the usability of Handheld Mobile Laser Scanners (HMLS) in complex environment. The goal of this paper was to verify a new data collection approach (HMLS with Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology) for the forest environment practice. The main objective of our study was to reach a precision which complies with the accuracy standards for land surveys. The RMSE of derived positions from point cloud, produced by SLAM devices were 25.3 cm and 28.4 cm, for ZEB REVO and ZEB HORIZON, the handheld mobile laser SLAM scanners used in this study. ZEB HORIZON achieved twice as big accuracy of diameter of breast height (DBH) estimation as ZEB REVO.
OPTICAL BLUR DISTURBS – THE INFLUENCE OF OPTICAL-BLURRED IMAGES IN PHOTOGRAMMTRY
Authors: Sieberth T.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Photogrammetric processes such as camera calibration, feature and target detection and referencing are assumed to strongly depend on the quality of the images that are provided for the process. Consequently, motion and optically blurred images are usually excluded from photogrammetric processes to supress their negative influence. To evaluate how much optical blur is acceptable and how large the influence of optical blur is on photogrammetric procedures a variety of test environments were established. These were based upon previous motion blur research and included test fields for the analysis of camera calibration. For the evaluation, a DSLR camera as well as Lytro Illum light field camera were used. The results show that optical blur has a negative influence on photogrammetric procedures, mostly automatic target detection. With the intervention of an experienced operator and the use of semi-automatic tools, acceptable results can be established.
USING AN LOW-COST STEREO CAMERA FOR AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION OF MOBILE ROBOT
Authors: Chibunichev A. G. , Makarov A. P. , Poliakova E. V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The paper considers the possibility of using low-cost stereo cameras for autonomous robot navigation. An low-cost stereo camera with a focal length of 5 mm and a photo base of 6 cm was chosen for the research. Experimental studies have shown that the accuracy of determining the coordinates of object points from a pair of images obtained by such a stereo camera is sufficient for organizing autonomous navigation of the robot. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of determining the trajectory of the robot, this paper proposes to use two stereo cameras. One is directed forward by the robot's movement, and the other is directed at the nadir. Thus, the trajectory is determined twice, independently of each other. Moreover, each case has its own algorithm for finding the homologue points. In the first case, a sparse point cloud is constructed for each stereo pair based on the selection of interesting points and their identification based on the comparison of descriptors. In addition, blunder detection of points identification are realized based on the analysis of the values of the relative orientation equations using the fundamental matrix. In the second case, when the stereo camera is pointed at the nadir, the usual method of correlation is used in the nodes of the grid specified at one image. Experimental studies have shown sufficient efficiency of autonomous navigation of mobile robot based on the use of two stereo cameras.
DETECTION OF VISIBLE BOUNDARIES FROM UAV IMAGES USING U-NET
Authors: Fetai B. , Račič M. , Tekavec J. , Lisec A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Peoples land rights are secure if they are registered in a formal cadastral system. More than 70% of global land rights are not registered in any formal cadastral system. The contemporary efforts are on accelerating the cadastral mapping process as a basis of defining land rights boundaries. Proposed surveying techniques are indirect ones – delineation of visible parcel boundaries from remote sensing imagery. This research aims at automizing the procedure of visible boundary delineation from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery through deep learning. U-Net architecture was selected to train the model and predict visible boundaries. The model was trained on an available edge detection dataset, which was the closest to our domain problem. The model was tested on a tiled UAV images. The U-Net architecture was implemented in Keras and written in Python, running on top of the TensorFlow library. The training was done through Google Colaboratory. The evaluation metrics of the trained model indicated 0.95 overall accuracy. The average percentage of correctly detected visible boundaries was almost 80% for the tiled UAV images. This percentage is very satisfying since the model was trained on everyday imagery which is very different from UAV ones. The automatic boundary detection by using U-Net is applicable mostly for rural areas where the visibility of the boundaries is continuous. In cases where the boundaries are not visible, manual delineations are still required.
UAV-BASED THERMAL ANOMALY DETECTION FOR DISTRIBUTED HEATING NETWORKS
Authors: Sledz A. , Unger J. , Heipke C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. District Heating Systems (DHS) distribute heat in terms of hot water or steam. Loss of media (water or steam), and thus energy, is expensive and has a negative impact on the environment. It is therefore of great interest to develop techniques to detect and localize potential leakages fast and cost-effectively. To avoid interference with the operating process of a DHS, airborne thermography comes into place. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a flexible and low-cost platform equipped with a Thermal InfraRed (TIR) camera is a promising alternative to a conventional manned flight.This paper describes a method for automatic thermal anomaly detection of a DHS. Thermal data acquisition using a UAV is followed by photogrammetric processing of the TIR images. In this way, a thermal orthophoto is produced. The next step is an identification of anomalies by means of image analysis. We apply the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) blob detector to find high temperature regions in areas of interest of a thermal orthomosaic. This area of interest is defined around the DHS position in the images as defined in a Geographic Information System. Finally, segmentation and classification are employed to reduce false alarms and localize thermal anomalies. An experimental evaluation using real-world data is presented, showing that the developed method deliverers promising results.
MAPPING WITHOUT DYNAMIC: ROBUST LiDAR-SLAM FOR UGV MOBILE MAPPING IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Cong Y. , Chen C. , Li J. , Wu W. , Li S. , Yang B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Detection And Tracking of Moving Objects (DATMO) is essential and necessary for mobile mapping system to generate clean and accurate point clouds maps since dynamic targets in real-world scenarios will deteriorate the performance of whole system. In this research, a robust LiDAR-SLAM system is presented incorporated with a real-time dynamic objects removal module to improve the accuracy of 6 DOF pose estimation and precision of maps. The key idea of the proposed method is to efficiently cluster the sparse point clouds of moving objects and then track them independently so as to relieve their influence on the odometry and mapping results. In the back-end, in order to further refine the point clouds maps, a valid probabilistic map fusion method is performed based on the free-space theory. We have evaluated our system on the dataset collected from daily crowded environments full of moving objects, providing competitive results with the state-of-the-art system both on the pose estimation and point cloud mapping.
COMPARISON OF UAV LIDAR ODOMETRY OF ROTATING AND FIXED VELODYNE PLATFORMS
Authors: Tazir M. L. , Seube N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Three-dimensional LiDAR rangefinders are increasingly integrated into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), due to their direct access to 3D information, their high accuracy and high refresh rate, and their tendency to be lightweight and cheaper. However, all commercial LiDARs can only offer a limited vertical resolution. To cope with this problem, a solution can be to rotate the LiDAR on an axis passing through its center, adding an additional degree of freedom and allowing more overlap, which significantly enlarges the sensor scope and allows having a complete spherical field of view (FOV). In this paper, we explore this solution in detail for drone’s context, while making comparisons between the rotating and fixed configurations for a Multi-Layers LiDAR (MLL) of type Velodyne Puck Lite. We investigate its impact on the LiDAR Odometry (LO) process by comparing the resulting trajectories with the data of the two configurations, as well as, qualitative comparisons, of the resulting maps.
IMAGE DEHAZING BASED ON MULTISPECTRAL POLARIZATION IMAGING
METHOD IN DIFFERENT DETECTION MODES
Authors: Zhang Y. , Luo L. Y. , Zhao H. J. , Qiu R. D. , Ying Y. S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In haze, the quality of the images is degraded due to the scattering of atmospheric aerosol particles in near-earth remote sensing. Therefore, how to effectively remove the influence of haze and improve image quality has been a hot issue. A polarization spectral image dehazing method is proposed here. A multi-spectral full-polarization imager was used to detect the polarization spectral images of ground objects. Firstly, the maximum- and minimum-intensity polarization images were obtained from the relationship between the Stokes vector and the Mueller matrix. Secondly, the airlight polarization model was utilized to estimate the airlight radiance at an infinite distance and the degree of polarization of the airlight. At last, the atmospheric attenuation model was used to obtain dehazed images. The results proved that our proposed image dehazing method can achieve substantial improvements on the detail recovery, not only in vertical downward detection mode, but also in horizontal detection mode.
MIMO SAR FORMATIONS: ORBITAL DIAMETER AND SYNCHRONIZATION TOLERANCES
Authors: Monti Guarnieri A. , Giudici D. , Guccione P. , Manzoni M. , Rocca F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Multiple-Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) along-track formations can be used to fraction the power resources into compact, lightweight and cost-effective satellites, or to extend the swath coverage beyond the limit provided by a small antenna. In this second case, the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) is kept low by implementing an inversion that solves up to N−1 ambiguities, given N observations. The simultaneous illumination – that allows for the N² gain due to the coherent combination of the N transmitters and the N receivers, is analyzed and shown not to be critical, as the more than N=2 sensors are assumed. Performance is evaluated for the N=2 and N=3 cases and compared with the Single Input Multiple Output formations, where one sensor is transmitting, and all are receiving. Finally, the impact of the across-track deviation from the orbit is modeled and evaluated.
A BOUNDARY-ENHANCED SUPERVOXEL METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF ROAD EDGES IN MLS POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Sha Z. , Chen Y. , Li W. , Wang C. , Nurunnabi A. , Li J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Road extraction plays a significant role in production of high definition maps (HD maps). This paper presents a novel boundary-enhanced supervoxel segmentation method for extracting road edge contours from MLS point clouds. The proposed method first leverages normal feature judgment to obtain 3D point clouds global geometric information, then clusters points according to an existing method with global geometric information to enhance the boundaries. Finally, it utilizes the neighbor spatial distance metric to extract the contours and drop out existing outliers. The proposed method is tested on two datasets acquired by a RIEGL VMX-450 MLS system that contain the major point cloud scenes with different types of road boundaries. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a promising solution for extracting contours efficiently and completely. Results show that the precision values are 1.5 times higher and approximately equal than the other two existing methods when the recall value is 0 for both tested two road datasets.
STRATEGIES FOR PS PROCESSING OF LARGE SENTINEL-1 DATASETS
Authors: Evers M. , Hammer H. , Thiele A. , Schulz K.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Several advanced DInSAR techniques have been used to map surface deformations due to volcanism, active tectonics, landslides, subsidence, and uplift as well as to monitor the deformation of critical infrastructure such as bridges and dams. Recently, studies have explored the potential of these techniques to be integrated into a permanently operating monitoring system. ESA’s Sentinel-1 satellites have been providing SAR images for such a purpose since 2014. Nowadays, it is easy to access more than 230 SAR images of any area of interest, and update this dataset every six days with a new image.Due to the high frequency of the data acquisition, the question arises on how to best handle such a dataset. Is it suitable to always consider the whole available dataset or would a partial processing of the dataset and combining the results at a later point be more appropriate? To answer these questions, three different processing strategies are investigated in this paper. The first is a continuously growing dataset and for the second and third strategy, the dataset was divided into sub-stacks with and without overlap. In this study, the key parameters of each strategy are analyzed. In addition, the size of the sub-stacks is varied and the results are compared.
QSEMG: Quantitative Surface Electromyography: Origins and Applications in Physical Rehabilitation
Authors: Bolek Jeffrey E.
Published: August 2020

In a review of the topic, Pollock, Baer, Pomeroy, and Langhorne (2009) concluded that surface electromyography (SEMG) biofeedback does not appear to have any positive benefit for recovery for loss of motor function. One would expect that a modality that can provide a window onto muscle functioning would be widely used as a means to restore motor function after injury. However, in 2019 little had changed regarding the use of SEMG. It is not commonly found in the armamentarium of treatment options in the typical physical/occupational therapy clinic. The reasons for this are multifaceted, but can be summarized as lack of knowledge or application of the conditions required for success. This article will attempt to encourage the reader to engage in further study for one very important reason—it enables successful treatment.
A pesca artesanal e a sucessão geracional no município de Maracanã, estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Conceição Laíse Carla Almeida da , Martins Cyntia Meireles , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Araújo Janayna Galvão de , Monteiro Elideth Pacheco
Published: August 2020

A pesca artesanal é uma atividade tradicional de relevância socioeconômica e cultural no estado do Pará, envolvendo um grande número de pescadores que tem na atividade a base de sua economia familiar. Contudo, diversos fatores concorrem para que a pesca não tenha as condições de sucessão familiar adequadas à sua reprodução geracional, mantendo as gerações mais novas na atividade. Nesses termos, o estudo analisou a sucessão geracional entre jovens pescadores artesanais no município de Maracanã, na região do Salgado, nordeste do Pará. Os dados foram levantados em 2017 por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com as instituições de apoio à atividade, e no ano de 2018 com aplicação de questionários aos pescadores que realizavam a atividade em conjunto com seus pais. Os resultados apontam que a idade média desses pescadores é 31,5 anos, sendo que 26,67% deles possui apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto. O longo tempo de jornada de trabalho foi o principal fator de abandono da escola. Apesar da satisfação relatada por 36% dos pescadores entrevistados, eles não desejam que seus filhos sigam na profissão. Os problemas relatados foram a falta de documentação que comprove o exercício da atividade, falta de apoio institucional, aumento dos riscos e a pesca industrial exacerbada, que interfere no maior esforço da pesca artesanal. Aponta-se a necessidade de maior integração para o trabalho cooperativo, apoio institucional a fim de facilitar os meios de financiamentos bancários, de orientação técnica ao profissional da pesca e maior fiscalização da pesca industrial.
Conditional Yardstick Competition in Energy Regulation
Authors: Kuosmanen Timo , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: August 2020

Electricity production is a key sector in global decarbonization efforts, and variable renewable energy (VRE) technologies are a primary way to produce carbon-free electricity. We study an electricity market where generation is 100 %VRE, while storage and elastic demand resolve temporal supply-demand imbalances. We model hourly market equilibrium to analyze price formation and imperfect, Cournot-type competition with varying levels of ownership concentration.Market power is exerted either with storage-only or with both VRE and storage.In such a system, prices are determined dynamically by demand and intertemporal storage decisions, breaking the static logic of “merit order” with dispatch-able generation. The numerical results indicate that market power with storage has a relatively moderate effect on prices and market efficiency. However, market power exerted with VRE has far larger welfare impacts, resulting from curtailed generation. However, such actions could be more readily observed by a regulator via monitoring.
Inhibition of striatonigral autophagy as a link between cannabinoid intoxication and impairment of motor coordination
Authors: Blázquez Cristina , Ruiz-Calvo Andrea , Bajo-Grañeras Raquel , Baufreton Jérôme M , Resel Eva , Varilh Marjorie , Pagano Zottola Antonio C , Mariani Yamuna , Cannich Astrid , Rodríguez-Navarro José A , Marsicano Giovanni , Galve-Roperh Ismael , Bellocchio Luigi , Guzmán Manuel
Published: August 2020

The use of cannabis is rapidly expanding worldwide. Thus, innovative studies aimed to identify, understand and potentially reduce cannabis-evoked harms are warranted. Here, we found that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, disrupts autophagy selectively in the striatum, a brain area that controls motor behavior, both in vitro and in vivo. Boosting autophagy, either pharmacologically (with temsirolimus) or by dietary intervention (with trehalose), rescued the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced impairment of motor coordination in mice. The combination of conditional knockout mouse models and viral vector-mediated autophagy-modulating strategies in vivo showed that cannabinoid CB1 receptors located on neurons belonging to the direct (striatonigral) pathway are required for the motor-impairing activity of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol by inhibiting local autophagy. Taken together, these findings identify inhibition of autophagy as an unprecedented mechanistic link between cannabinoids and motor performance, and suggest that activators of autophagy might be considered as potential therapeutic tools to treat specific cannabinoid-evoked behavioral alterations.
Mechanisms underlying genome instability mediated by formation of foldback inversions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Li Bin-zhong , Putnam Christopher D , Kolodner Richard David
Published: August 2020

Foldback inversions, also called inverted duplications, have been observed in human genetic diseases and cancers. Here, we used aSaccharomyces cerevisiaegenetic system that generates gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) mediated by foldback inversions combined with whole-genome sequencing to study their formation. Foldback inversions were mediated by formation of single-stranded DNA hairpins. Two types of hairpins were identified: small-loop hairpins that were suppressed byMRE11,SAE2,SLX1, andYKU80and large-loop hairpins that were suppressed byYEN1,TEL1,SWR1, andMRC1. Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-induced double strand breaks (DSBs) revealed that long-stem hairpin-forming sequences could form foldback inversions when proximal or distal to the DSB, whereas short-stem hairpin-forming sequences formed foldback inversions when proximal to the DSB. Finally, we found that foldback inversion GCRs were stabilized by secondary rearrangements, mostly mediated by different homologous recombination mechanisms including single-strand annealing; however,POL32-dependent break-induced replication did not appear to be involved forming secondary rearrangements.
Structure of human Frizzled5 by fiducial-assisted cryo-EM supports a heterodimeric mechanism of canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Tsutsumi Naotaka , Mukherjee Somnath , Waghray Deepa , Janda Claudia Y , Jude Kevin M , Miao Yi , Burg John S , Aduri Nanda Gowtham , Kossiakoff Anthony A , Gati Cornelius , Garcia K Christopher
Published: August 2020

Frizzleds (Fzd) are the primary receptors for Wnt morphogens, which are essential regulators of stem cell biology, yet the structural basis of Wnt signaling through Fzd remains poorly understood. Here we report the structure of an unliganded human Fzd5 determined by single-particle cryo-EM at 3.7 Å resolution, with the aid of an antibody chaperone acting as a fiducial marker. We also analyzed the topology of low-resolution XWnt8/Fzd5 complex particles, which revealed extreme flexibility between the Wnt/Fzd-CRD and the Fzd-TM regions. Analysis of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to Wnt3a versus a ‘surrogate agonist’ that cross-links Fzd to LRP6, revealed identical structure-activity relationships. Thus, canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to be principally reliant on ligand-induced Fzd/LRP6 heterodimerization, versus the allosteric mechanisms seen in structurally analogous class A G protein-coupled receptors, and Smoothened. These findings deepen our mechanistic understanding of Wnt signal transduction, and have implications for harnessing Wnt agonism in regenerative medicine.
On Political Representation
Authors: BRENNAN GEOFFREY , HAMLIN ALAN
Published: July 2002

An essential feature of political representation is that a mediating assembly is set between the citizenry and political decision making. Representation involves indirect decision making or agency. Rational actor political theory often assumes representation in order to focus on problems of a principal–agent kind, but offers only relatively weak arguments for representation. We offer an alternative argument for representation that builds on our broader interpretation of rational actor political theory – an interpretation that emphasizes expressive considerations relative to instrumental considerations, and operates in a richer motivational setting. As well as providing an account of representation, we believe that our approach is capable of re-connecting rational actor political theory to many of the concerns of more traditional political theory.
The Possession of Kuru: Medical Science and Biocolonial Exchange
Authors: Anderson Warwick
Published: July 2002

“Naturally, everyone would like to get their hands on kuru brains,” wrote D. Carleton Gajdusek in 1957. A young medical scientist, Gajdusek was writing from his bush laboratory in the eastern highlands of New Guinea, and he had in mind the competition among pathologists in Melbourne, Australia, and Bethesda, Maryland, for the valuable specimens. But he may also have considered his own recent transactions with the Fore people, afflicted with what he thought was the disease of kuru, and on whose hospitality he was then relying. Blood and brains, the germinal objects of his field research, were richly entangled in local community relations and global scientific networks; they could convey one meaning to the Fore, another to Gajdusek, and yet another to laboratory workers in Australia and the United States. These objects could be exchanged as gifts or commodities in different circumstances, or on the same occasion the different parties might confuse gift exchange with commodity transaction. At times, the scientist would try to obtain goods through barter, or even to appropriate them; and, then again, he might find that what he wanted was out of circulation altogether. In the field, Gajdusek had become enmeshed in a complex and fragile web of relationships with the Fore in order to acquire specimens that, through further exchanges with senior colleagues, might yet make his scientific reputation.