bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Care and Education (3-6 Years) and the Role of Traditional Games: An Exploratory Study of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Bilal Ahmad Gul Showkeen
Published: February 2023

Education is a lifelong endeavour that starts in the womb and lasts until death. It helps the individual to develop full potential by allowing to control the environment of his/her own successful life and living. The foundation of education begins in one’s very early childhood and lays the foundation for later stages of educational progression. Nowadays, a growing number of children in early childhood spend a great deal of time in playing electronic games rather than traditional games. Parents and educators are concerned about the current trend because they strongly believe that traditional child games develop more skills than modern electronic or video games. A traditional game can be beneficial in all aspects of early childhood development, including physical or motor, social-emotional, moral, cognitive, and linguistic development. The present study aims at illustrating the importance of traditional Kashmiri games in ensuring the balanced development of children’s personalities. The data used were taken from the books, personal sources, journal articles, newspapers, websites, government records, etc. which is mainly qualitative in nature. The results showed that traditional games can have a positive effect on children's motor, linguistic, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
Research on Learning Enthusiasm of College Students in China
Authors: Tao Jianing , Yang Zezhong
Published: February 2023

The learning enthusiasm of college students is related to their learning efficiency, their knowledge and skills mastery, and the formation and development of their good psychological quality and moral quality. Analyzing the influencing factors of the learning enthusiasm of college students is of great practical significance to fully mobilize the learning enthusiasm of college students and improve the quality of university teaching. In recent years, many scholars have conducted research on the learning enthusiasm of college students, but no literature summarizes and composes this aspect. We use the method of literature research to review and organize the literature related to the learning enthusiasm of college students and draw the following conclusions: (1) At present, scholars' research on the learning enthusiasm of college students mainly contains three aspects, which are the current situation of learning enthusiasm of college students, the influencing factors of learning enthusiasm of college students, and the suggestions and strategies to improve learning enthusiasm of college students. (2) As for the influencing factors, the conclusions obtained from the existing literature are generally broad and wide, but the major influencing factors are not founded now. (3) Most of the scholars have given the influencing factors by literature analysis and discursive methods without the support of realistic survey data, and no scholars have yet analyzed the relationship between the influencing factors and the degree of learning enthusiasm of each sample, so the reliability of the conclusions needs to be further improved. (4) The existing studies are carried out for a broad group of college students, but the research on the enthusiasm of mathematics majors in their major courses is still blank. In addition, scholars have given suggestions and countermeasures mainly involving four aspects--school, society, family, and students themselves, but the shortcoming is that most of the suggestions and strategies are rather broad and general, lacking relevance to mathematics majors.
Effectiveness of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water on the Growth of Denison Fry (Puntius denisoni Day, 1865)
Authors: Darmawan Jodi , Subhan Ujang , Zahidah .
Published: February 2023

This research aims to determine the optimal addition of reverse osmosis water for the growth and survival rate of Denison fish fry. The preliminary test was carried out on 16-22 May 2022 and the main research was carried out on 4-31 July 2022 at Pt. Waris, Breedlife Fish Farm, and Central Jakarta. The research method was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) method consisting of five treatments with three replications, namely the treatment of 100% groundwater maintenance media, the addition of 25%, 50%, 75% reverse osmosis water and the use of 100% reverse osmosis water. . The fish used are Denison fish seeds with a size of 2-3 cm. Fish were treated for 28 days. The feed given is Tubifex sp worms. and given daily ad satiation. Parameters observed were water quality in the form of temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), degree of acidity (pH) measured every day, and ammonia measured every week. The main parameters of this research are the specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR). Based on the research results, it was concluded that the addition of reverse osmosis water in the range of 25-50% resulted in the survival performance of Denison fry with a rate of 98% and a specific growth rate in the range of 3.14-3.39%.
Treatment of Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Agriculture Waste Based Adsorbents - A Review
Authors: Kharat Dal Singh , Gupta Meenal
Published: February 2023

Objective: Removal of colour from the textile dyeing effluent is a major problem due to high tinctorial value, complex structure of the dyes, toxicity and presence of metals in some dyes. The colouring matter has to be removed from the effluent before its discharge as it constitutes the major fraction of pollution. The spent dyes in the textile effluent have to be removed before disposal as they constitutes major fraction of pollution. Review of waste based adsorption of the spent dyes, performance, economics involved and disposal options for the spent adsorbents are the objectives of the present work.

Methods: Various techniques are used for the removal of colour including adsorption. Although the activated carbon is an ideal adsorbent, it is expensive for effluent treatment due to its high production and regeneration costs. High cost of activated carbon has led to the search for alternate non-conventional adsorbents. Attempts have been made by researchers to use the non-conventional, low-cost and naturally occurring waste materials as adsorbents. The findings are based on literature survey and authors’ experience.

Findings: This review seeks to give an overview of the agriculture waste based adsorbents together with physical and chemical processing needs, adsorption parameters including mechanisms and the adsorption potential of various adsorbent-adsorbate systems for removal of different dyes from the effluents. Comparative studies conducted with synthetic effluents as well real textile dyeing effluent are also included. The cost involved in the dyeing effluent treatment is always a concern for the textile dyeing industries. The cost issue can be addressed using the waste based adsorbents for which an economics have been presented.

Conclusion: The gaps between practices and the present research works have been identified and highlighted along with further research needs for treatment of the dyeing effluents. The waste based adsorbents are mainly agricultural residues and combustible. The spent adsorbents can be reused as fuel in the boiler furnace that can offset the expenses on fuel to some extent.
Effect of Spacing and Manganese on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)
Authors: Sangeetha Tappeta , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur , Pradhan Akanshya
Published: February 2023

A research trail was conducted during Zaid season (2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). To study the effect of spacing and manganese on the growth and yield of sesame. The Treatments consist of 3 levels of spacing (30 ×10 cm, 40×10 cm, 50 ×10 cm)and three levels of manganese (1.5,3.0,4.5kg/ha) are included respectively.  The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The results showed that spacing of 50×10cm+ Mnso4 4.5kg/ha (Treatment-9) Plant height (87.66 cm), Number of branches/plant (6.27), plant dry weight (15.74 g/plant), number of capsules per plant (52.47), number of seeds per capsules  (74.50), test weight (3.37 g), seed yield (1.19 t/ha), straw yield (2.67 t/ha) and Biological yield (3.6t/ha).
Ameliorations of Gamma Radiations on Chlorophyll Spectrum and Morphological Characteristics of Peas
Authors: Barela Akash , Jain Sudhanshu , Khandalkar V. S. , Singh Praveen , Rahangdale Shivangi , Behra Karishma , Singh Jyoti
Published: February 2023

Aims: we aimed to investigate the chlorophyll spectrum and morphological characteristics of Pea under the influence of gamma radiations.

Methods: The experimental material comprised three pea genotypes viz; Arkel, Kashi Nandini, and PSM-3. Mature and well-filled seeds were irradiated with 150 and 200 Gy doses of gamma rays, and six treatments with three control were laid into randomized block design at Research Farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra during the spring of 2018-19.

Results: The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutation was recorded in PSM-3 at 150 Gy and the lowest in Kashi Nandini at 200 Gy. The widest spectrum of chlorophyll mutation with seven different mutants was recorded in the PSM-3 at a 150 Gy dose. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, there was a decrease in the mutation frequency in all the varieties.

Conclusions: Gamma rays at a rate of 150 Gy were the best for increasing the mutation frequency and they can be used for the induction of desirable mutations in peas. The obtained results confirm that the high potency of the selected mutagenic doses induced a high phenotypic diversity in the treated population and the isolated distinct mutants were of great economic, as well as academic interest for future breeding on peas. The seeds derived from the control and treated populations should be advanced to further generations, to release more variability for quantitative traits which will favor better selection.
Studies on Performance Parameters for Development of Finger Millet Thresher
Authors: Kumar Patel Kishan , Kumar Naik Rajesh
Published: February 2023

Aims: To study about the design parameters and optimizations of the performance parameters for the finger millet thresher development.

Study Design:  Development of prototype to test the design parameters and optimization through experiments.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Swami Vivekanand College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology and Research Station, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, between September 2021 to April 2022. 

Methodology: A prototype was developed which consisted of threshing drum, concave unit and reciprocating sieve unit. A study was conducted by taking four feed rate (120, 150, 180 and 210kg/h), four types of threshing cylinder (peg type, canvas type, combination of peg and canvas type and flail type) along with three types of concave (bar type, perforated sheet and combination of both) to find out the optimized threshing parameters for finger millet. The statistical analysis was carried out by three factor randomised block design with the three replications. The various performance parameters were also calculated.

Results: The result showed that the maximum threshing efficiency (97.25%), cleaning efficiency (99.25%), total broken percentage (2.08%) and threshing capacity (121.5kg/h) were observed with 180 kg feed rate, combination of peg and canvas type of  threshing cylinder, combination of bar and perforated sheet type concave.

Conclusion: It was concluded that combination of peg and canvas type threshing cylinder works better compared to other and gives a combination of impact and rubbing action. This impact and rubbing action can be used to develop a thresher for such crop which needs impact with rubbing such as finger millet.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Poly- L-Lactic Acid Thread and Platelet Rich Plasma in Treatment of Atrophic Scars
Authors: Ezat El-Ghobashy Sara , Abdelaziz Mohamed Dareen , Hamouda Elgarhy Lamia , Abd Elsamad Ibrahim Zeinab
Published: February 2023

Background: Atrophic scars are the result of insufficient compensation of dermal collagen and decreased production of connective tissue during tissue injury healing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Poly-L- Lactic Acid (PLLA )threads and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the treatment of atrophic scar.

Methods: This study included 24 patients with atrophic scar for at least one year and did not receive any treatment in the last six months. Cases were divided into 3 equal groups: group (A) received subcision with PLLA threads insertion, group (B) received subcision with PLLA threads insertion and PRP. PRP injected monthly for four sessions and group )C( received subcision with PRP injection monthly for four sessions. general examination, detailed dermatological examination, routine investigations, digital photography: Photographic evaluation was done with the same equipment, lighting and location by 3 dermatologists, and skin biopsies.

Results: There was a significant enhancement in the Global aesthetic improvement scale in both group A and B than group C (p=0.047, 0.017) respectively. In group (A), there was significant negative correlation between duration of scar and the degree of clinical improvement (r -0.961/ p value<0.001) while in group (B) and (C), there was insignificant correlation between duration of scar and the degree of clinical improvement.

Conclusions: PLLA threads alone and combined with PRP injection could be deemed as a safe and useful in the management of atrophic scars.
Pathologic Predictors of Chemotherapy Response in Post Neo-Adjuvant Breast Cancer
Authors: Rizwan Sabiha , Soomro Rufina , Hashmi Atif Ali , Irfan Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Pathological complete response (pCR) is the most important prognostic factor in determining survival in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the pathologic predictors that are associated with pCR in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer.

Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Pakistan, from January 2019 to December 2020 over a period of two years.  All patients with primary breast cancer that received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy at Liaquat National Hospital were included in the study. Pathological parameters from pre-chemotherapy specimens like tumor type, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and proliferative index Ki67 status were recorded. Pathological response to chemotherapy from post-chemotherapy specimens was recorded as complete or partial responses to chemotherapy.

Results: A total of 287 patients were included in the study, among whom pCR was noted in 65 (22.6%) cases. A significant association of pCR was noted with Ki67 proliferative index, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) statuses, whereas no significant association was noted with tumor size, histological type, grade, or nodal metastasis.

Conclusion: The pCR was significantly seen more in cases with higher Ki67 index, hormone receptor negativity and HER2/neu positivity. These pathological predictors can help develop post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols and guide patients regarding their likely chemotherapy response and prognosis.
Field and Petrographic Studies of the Guwahati Metapelites, Assam, NE India: Evidence for Post- Metamorphic K-Metasomatism
Authors: Das Nishanta , Chandra Mazumdar Amulya , Bardoloi Abhijit , Rabha Mridul
Published: February 2023

In this study, we report mineralogical features of post-metamorphic K-metasomatic assemblage of high-grade metapelites from Guwahati, the northern extension of the central part of the Shillong Plateau, NE India. Several reaction textures of metasomatic metapelites are shown and they offer clues for relevant reactions for metasomatic modification of pre-metasomatic metapelites. Two sets of mineral reactions are recognized, which include, the alteration of high-temperature of all kinds of aluminium-silicate phases of pre-metasomatic metapelites into low-grade minerals and the replacement of coexisting metamorphic plagioclase and quartz by K-feldspar due to the involvement of K-rich fluids at the end of all deformational events. Our structural study indicates the rocks of the area are intensely deformed with multiple folding events and post-kinematic shearing and faulting which cross-cut the dominant foliation of the rocks. The deep-seated K-rich metasomatic fluids moved into shear zones and migrated along the foliation plane, grain boundaries of minerals transforming the parent metapelites into metasomatic rocks. As a result of metasomatic changes, all pre-existing features disappear and metapelites turn into K-feldspar -rich granitic rock.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid by Using Phenanthroline Agent in Eruca sativa
Authors: Seckin S. , Saglik Aslan S.
Published: February 2023

Ascorbic acid is used for treatment in hypovitaminosis, nutritional deficiency, scurvy, gingivitis, Barlow and Basedow diseases. In this study, a simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in Eruca sativa. The rate of formation of the product formed as a result of the reaction of ascorbic acid with iron (III) sulfate and phenanthroline reagents was determined by measuring the absorbance at 510 nm wavelength at 5 minute intervals for 60 minutes. The measurement curve prepared from standard ascorbic acid solution is linear in the concentration range of 4.0-6.0 mg/mL. The regression equation obtained from the graph of logarithms of molar concentrations versus logarithms of slopes was found as log (rate) = 2.5721 logC - 9.461 (r=0.9999) according to the initial rate method. The developed method was applied to Eruca sativa samples and the amount of ascorbic acid in fresh leaves was found to be 72.80 mg/100 g.
Humanitarian Food Assistance and Nutrition Outcomes among Refugees: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Ecega Guli Alfred , Barakagira Alex , Zombeire Regis
Published: February 2023

Background: Humanitarian interventions are done after a significant disruption of people’s daily life which in turn affect their food security and nutrition needs. Food assistance has become a key element of humanitarian aid to conflict-affected populations. Hunger and undernutrition can significantly worsen during situations of prolonged conflicts and where institutional capacities are weak. Humanitarian food aid provided in the form of food or non-food items for people affected by famine, drought, or natural disaster is intended to feed, shelter, and provide legal protection. Malnutrition in children is related to insufficient food intake, poor food quality, and severe or repeated infectious diseases. Therefore, humanitarian food assistance is given to ensure sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is consumed to prevent malnutrition and prevent death.

Objectives: This paper seeks to understand the following specific objectives; to explore the evolution of humanitarian food assistance or food aid; to gain an understanding of the contemporary views on humanitarian food assistance; to explore the comparative views on humanitarian food assistance, and to find out the implications of shifting from Food Aid to Food Assistance.

Study Design/Method: Secondary data collection method was used and both published and official documents were reviewed based on the objectives of this paper, and relevant information was picked. The review provides evidence on the benefits as well as gaps related to humanitarian food assistance interventions and their relationship with the nutrition status of children below the age of five years.

Results: Food in-kind directly impacts positively on the nutrition status of households and influences the coping mechanisms of the affected populations. In Mali, a study found food transfers exert a protective effect on food-insecure populations in conflict situations and increased micro-nutrient availability. Another study found improvement in nutrition status among children in Myanmar, Kenya, Niger, and South Sudan. While global acute malnutrition (GAM) in Myanmar declined from 6.6% to 2.6% and from 7.5% to 4.7%, in Niger, GAM rates declined from 21.3% to 13.6%, and 11.4% to 7.3% in Kenya and South Sudan, a decline of 6% GAM. Also, a study on the “impact of cash transfers on food consumption in humanitarian settings found cash transfer” is an appropriate and effective modality in humanitarian settings for meeting the needs of vulnerable populations.

Conclusion: The strategic shift from food aid to food assistance has the potential to enhance effectiveness in addressing hunger because there is increased use of non-food aid in operational modalities and other initiatives to enhance local production and purchase, and the use of vouchers and cash transfers in humanitarian response.
The Concept of Middle Power's Theory to Reality: Prospect of Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Hung , Tho Pham Duc
Published: February 2023

The middle power is playing an important role in the order of international relations. Its voice is being identified in global issues from security cooperation, political, economic to environmental and humanity protection, and the trend of cooperation with peaceful, stable and mutual development. Although the concept of middle power has been discussed very early and received a great concern from many theorists and foreign policy makers, there has not been a unified definition, which becomes a limitation in explaining the behaviors of some countries towards global multilateralism. This article clarifies the theoretical framework of the concept, approach, and analysis of the middle power in the current international relation context as well as gives some comments about power shift, development trend to generalize these into characteristics and comparison tools for the case in Vietnam, serving Vietnam’s foreign policy implementing process in the year to come.
The Uncertain Future of the Determination of Brain Death
Authors: Truog Robert D.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the proposals that have been considered in the process of the Uniform Law Commission assessing whether the Uniform Determination of Death Act should be revised and offers pros and cons of each.
Association of War With Vaccination Dropout Among Children Younger Than 2 Years in the North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mezen Muluemebet Kassa , Lemlem Getasew Assefa , Biru Yemisrach Belete , Yimer Abebaw Mengesha
Published: February 2023

Importance

A civil war that lasted for about 6 months in the North Wollo zone of Ethiopia destroyed numerous health care facilities. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the association of the war with vaccination dropout in the area.

Objective

To assess the association of war with vaccination dropout among children younger than 2 years in the North Wollo zone.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the North Wollo zone from April 1 to June 30, 2022. Participants included children younger than 2 years and their mothers. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the participants.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A vaccination dropout rate (yes or no) was assessed by interviewing mothers.

Results

The study included 449 children younger than 2 years and their mothers, 291 (64.8%) of whom were 20 to 34 years of age. Almost all of the mothers (426 [94.9%]) were married. More than half of the mothers (271 [60.4%]) had a primary level education. Seventy-one children (15.8%) in the area received all basic vaccinations. One hundred ninety-eight children (44.1%) who started vaccination prior to the war dropped out of the immunization program. Additionally, 64 children (14.3%) born during the war did not receive any vaccination. Losing a family member (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.11 [95% CI, 1.63-5.93]; P = .001), not being informed about catch-up vaccination (AOR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.39-3.43]; P < .001), being a rural resident (AOR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.37-3.58]; P < .001), home birth (AOR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.11-2.77]; P = .002), and length of war (AOR for 5 months, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28-0.93; P = .04]) were associated with the outcome variable.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 60% of children in the North Wollo zone remained undervaccinated or unvaccinated. Stakeholders should make coordinated efforts to overcome the humanitarian crisis in the area and optimize the accessibility of health services.
IL‐7 germline variant: setting the stage for immune‐related adverse events
Authors: Issaoui Hussein , Ricci Jean‐Ehrland
Published: February 2023

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is frequently associated with immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). A new study identified an interleukin 7 (IL‐7) allelic variant—rs16906115—as a major risk factor for the development of ICI‐associated irAEs. This association is of great significance as it indicates that germline genetic variants influence the occurrence of irAEs, thus opening a new avenue for identifying high‐risk patients to enable better management of ICI therapy and associated irAEs.
Large‐scale analysis of the genome of the rare alkaline‐halophilic Stachybotrys microspora reveals 46 cellulase genes
Authors: Abdeljalil Salma , Borgi Ines , Ben Hmad Ines , Frikha Fakher , Verlaine Olivier , Kerouaz Bilal , Kchaou Nesrine , Ladjama Ali , Gargouri Ali
Published: February 2023

Fungi are of great importance in biotechnology, for example in the production of enzymes and metabolites. The main goal of this study was to obtain a high‐coverage draft of the Stachybotrys microspora genome and to annotate and analyze the genome sequence data. The rare fungus S. microspora N1 strain is distinguished by its ability to grow in an alkaline halophilic environment and to efficiently secrete cellulolytic enzymes. Here we report the draft genome sequence composed of 3715 contigs, a genome size of 35 343 854 bp, with a GC content of 53.31% and a coverage around 20.5×. The identification of cellulolytic genes and of their corresponding functions was carried out through analysis and annotation of the whole genome sequence. Forty‐six cellulases were identified using the fungicompanion bioinformatic tool. Interestingly, an S. microspora endoglucanase selected from those with a low isoelectric point was predicted to have a halophilic profile and share significant homology with a well‐known bacterial halophilic cellulase. These results confirm previous biochemical studies revealing a halophilic character, which is a very rare feature among fungal cellulases. All these properties suggest that cellulases of S. microspora may have potential for use in the biofuel, textile, and detergent industries.
Cardiac motion and its dosimetric impact during radioablation for refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Harms Joseph , Schreibmann Eduard , Mccall Neal S. , Lloyd Michael S. , Higgins Kristin A. , Castillo Richard
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Cardiac radioablation (CR) is a noninvasive treatment option for patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) during which high doses of radiation, typically 25 Gy, are delivered to myocardial scar. In this study, we investigate motion from cardiac cycle and evaluate the dosimetric impact in a cohort of patients treated with CR.

Methods

This retrospective study included eight patients treated at our institution who had respiratory‐correlated and ECG‐gated 4DCT scans acquired within 2 weeks of CR. Deformable image registration was applied between maximum systole (SYS) and diastole (DIAS) CTs to assess cardiac motion. The average respiratory‐correlated CT (AVGresp) was deformably registered to the average cardiac (AVGcardiac), SYS, and DIAS CTs, and contours were propagated using the deformation vector fields (DVFs). Finally, the original treatment plan was recalculated on the deformed AVGresp CT for dosimetric assessment.

Results

Motion magnitudes were measured as the mean (SD) value over the DVFs within each structure. Displacement during the cardiac cycle for all chambers was 1.4 (0.9) mm medially/laterally (ML), 1.6 (1.0) mm anteriorly/posteriorly (AP), and 3.0 (2.8) mm superiorly/inferiorly (SI). Displacement for the 12 distinct clinical target volumes (CTVs) was 1.7 (1.5) mm ML, 2.4 (1.1) mm AP, and 2.1 (1.5) SI. Displacements between the AVGresp and AVGcardiac scans were 4.2 (2.0) mm SI and 5.8 (1.4) mm total. Dose recalculations showed that cardiac motion may impact dosimetry, with dose to 95% of the CTV dropping from 27.0 (1.3) Gy on the AVGresp to 20.5 (7.1) Gy as estimated on the AVGcardiac.

Conclusions

Cardiac CTV motion in this patient cohort is on average below 3 mm, location‐dependent, and when not accounted for in treatment planning may impact target coverage. Further study is needed to assess the impact of cardiac motion on clinical outcomes.
Atomic Migration and Ordering of Binary Ferromagnetic Intermetallic L10Phases and Influences of Alloying Elements and Electric Fields
Authors: Urban Daniel F. , Sell Patrick , Elsässer Christian
Published: February 2023

The ordered body‐centered tetragonal intermetallic phase of FeNi is a promising candidate for high‐performance permanent magnets without rare‐earth elements. However, on earth FeNi is found naturally only in the disordered face‐centered‐cubic A1 phase. Herein, the atomic migration and ordering processes in binary intermetallic phases are investigated within the framework of density‐functional theory. The main objectives are 1) to develop a thorough understanding of the thermally activated diffusion processes at the atomic scale and 2) to make a critical assessment in how far electric field and current effects can be effective means for an enhanced hardening‐by‐ordering of disordered, soft‐ferromagnetic alloys. The scope is extended from FeNi to the hard‐ferromagnetic phases of FePt, FePd, MnAl, and MnGa as well as ternary Fe(Pt,Ni) alloys. These materials cover a wide range of thermal‐ordering time scales and related experimental feasibility.
Large‐Area Smooth Conductive Films Enabled by Scalable Slot‐Die Coating of Ti3C2Tx MXene Aqueous Inks
Authors: Guo Tiezhu , Zhou Di , Gao Min , Deng Shungui , Jafarpour Mohammad , Avaro Jonathan , Neels Antonia , Hack Erwin , Wang Jing , Heier Jakob , Zhang Chuanfang (John)
Published: February 2023

Large‐area flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) featuring excellent optoelectronic properties (low sheet resistance, Rs, at high transparency, T) are vital for integration in transparent wearable electronics (i.e., antennas, sensors, supercapacitors, etc.). Solution processing (i.e., printing and coating) of conductive inks yields highly uniform TCEs at low cost, holding great promise for commercially manufacturing of transparent electronics. However, to formulate such conductive inks as well as to realize continuous conductive films in the absence of percolation issue are quite challenging. Herein, the scalable slot‐die coating of Ti3C2Tx MXene aqueous inks is reported for the first time to yield large‐area uniform TCEs with outstanding optoelectronic performance, that is, average DC conductivity of 13 000 ± 500 S cm−1. The conductive MXene nanosheets are forced to orientate horizontally as the inks are passing through the moving slot, leading to the rapid manufacturing of highly aligned MXene TCEs without notorious percolation problems. Moreover, through tuning the ink formulations, such conductive MXene films can be easily adjusted from transparent to opaque as required, demonstrating very low surface roughness and even mirror effects. These high‐quality, slot‐die‐coated MXene TCEs also demonstrate excellent electrochemical charge storage properties when assembled into supercapacitors.
Bioinspired Self‐healing Soft Electronics
Authors: Qi Miao , Yang Ruiqi , Wang Zhe , Liu Yanting , Zhang Qichong , He Bing , Li Kaiwei , Yang Qing , Wei Lei , Pan Caofeng , Chen Mengxiao
Published: February 2023

Inspired by nature, various self‐healing materials that can recover their physical properties after external damage have been developed. Recently, self‐healing materials have been widely used in electronic devices for improving durability and protecting the devices from failure during operation. Moreover, self‐healing materials can integrate many other intriguing properties of biological systems, such as stretchability, mechanical toughness, adhesion, and structural coloration, providing additional fascinating experiences. All of these inspirations have attracted extensive research on bioinspired self‐healing soft electronics. This review presents a detailed discussion on bioinspired self‐healing soft electronics. Firstly, two main healing mechanisms are introduced. Then, four categories of self‐healing materials in soft electronics, including insulators, semiconductors, electronic conductors, and ionic conductors, are reviewed, and their functions, working principles, and applications are summarized. Finally, human‐inspired self‐healing materials and animal‐inspired self‐healing materials as well as their applications, such as organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), pressure sensors, strain sensors, chemical sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), and soft actuators, are introduced. This cutting‐edge and promising field is believed to stimulate more excellent cross‐discipline works in material science, flexible electronics, and novel sensors, accelerating the development of applications in human motion monitoring, environmental sensing, information transmission, etc.
Cell‐Laden Scaffolds for Vascular‐Innervated Bone Regeneration
Authors: Qin Chen , Zhang Hongjian , Chen Lei , Zhang Meng , Ma Jingge , Zhuang Hui , Huan Zhiguang , Xiao Yin , Wu Chengtie
Published: February 2023

For regeneration of highly vascularized and innervated tissues, like bone, simultaneous ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves is essential but largely neglected. To address this issue, a “pre‐angiogenic” cell‐laden scaffold with durable angiogenic functions is prepared according to the bioactivities of silicate bioceramics and the instructive effects of vascular cells on neurogenesis and bone repair. Compared with traditional cell‐free scaffolds, the prepared cell‐laden scaffolds printed with active cells and bioactive inks can support long‐term cell survival and growth for three weeks. The long‐lived scaffolds exhibited durable angiogenic capability both in vitro and in vivo. The pre‐angiogenic scaffolds can induce the neurogenetic differentiation of neural cells and the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the synergistic effects of released bioactive ions and the ability of vascular cells to attract neurons. The enhanced bone regeneration with both vascularization and innervation is attributed to these physiological functions of the pre‐angiogenic cell‐laden scaffolds, which is defined as “vascular‐innervated” bone regeneration. It is suggested that the concept of “vascular‐innervated scaffolds” may represent the future direction of biomaterials for complex tissue/organ regeneration.
Microneedle Patch for Painless Intradermal Collection of Interstitial Fluid Enabling Multianalyte Measurement of Small Molecules, SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies, and Protein Profiling
Authors: Ribet Federico , Bendes Annika , Fredolini Claudia , Dobielewski Mikolaj , Böttcher Michael , Beck Olof , Schwenk Jochen M. , Stemme Göran , Roxhed Niclas
Published: February 2023

Blood sampling is a common practice to monitor health, but it entails a series of drawbacks for patients including pain and discomfort. Thus, there is a demand for more convenient ways to obtain samples. Modern analytical techniques enable monitoring of multiple bioanalytes in smaller samples, opening possibilities for new matrices, and microsampling technologies to be adopted. Interstitial fluid (ISF) is an attractive alternative matrix that shows good correlation with plasma concentration dynamics for several analytes and can be sampled in a minimally invasive and painless manner from the skin at the point‐of‐care. However, there is currently a lack of sampling devices compatible with clinical translation. Here, to tackle state‐of‐the‐art limitations, a cost‐effective and compact single‐microneedle‐based device designed to painlessly collect precisely 1.1 µL of dermal ISF within minutes is presented. The fluid is volume‐metered, dried, and stably stored into analytical‐grade paper within the microfluidic device. The obtained sample can be mailed to a laboratory, quantitatively analyzed, and provide molecular insights comparable to blood testing. In a human study, the possibility to monitor various classes of molecular analytes is demonstrated in ISF microsamples, including caffeine, hundreds of proteins, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, some being detected in ISF for the first time.
Deep Learning Enabled Early Predicting Cardiovascular Status Using Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric Sensor of Solution‐Processable Nylon‐11
Authors: Babu Anand , Ranpariya Spandan , Sinha Dhirendra Kumar , Chatterjee Arpitam , Mandal Dipankar
Published: February 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are found as one of the major cause of deaths globally, these can be reduced substantially if early‐stage detection and intervention is possible. Regular monitoring of the arterial pulse is one of the possible solutions, however, existing technologies have put limitations, due instability in continuous monitoring, lack of information in real‐time recording of cardiovascular parameters and bulky instruments. A highly sensitive flexible piezoelectric sensor of nylon‐11 fabricated is introduced from simple solution processable technique. Which consists of a highly sensitive, flexible, conformable piezoelectric film, owing to its high mechanosensitivity (≈225 mV N−1) in the subtle pressure range (0.001–1 kPa), and fast responsivity (≈4 ms), it is tested for assessing risk factors of cardiovascular diseases based on arterial pulse data. It is integrated with the internet of things (IoT) via system on a chip to facilitate remote healthcare monitoring. Deep learning algorithms is further interfaced with sensor for early detect and predict cardiovascular risks, showing an accuracy of >94% for predicting cardiovascular status. This piezoelectric sensor equipped with artificial intelligence and IoT has potential for monitoring the risk analysis of the cardiovascular diseases, daily activities, and facilitate to early predict the anomalous physiological changes in the body.
Brown Algal Residue for the Recovery of Metal Ions—Application to La(III), Cd(II), and Ni(II) Sorption
Authors: Ballesteros‐Plata Daniel , Zhang Yue , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Vincent Thierry , Guibal Eric
Published: February 2023

Removing hazardous metals and recovering valuable strategic metals from wastewater has become an important challenge for the industry. Herein, brown algal biomass residue (AR, after bio‐stimulant extraction, currently poorly valorized) is tested for the removal of Ni(II), Cd(II), and La(III) from aqueous solutions. This valorization of industrial waste makes profit of residual amounts of alginate‐based materials, which have a strong affinity for metal cations. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques are used for characterizing metal/biosorbent interactions. Uptake kinetics are relatively fast (equilibrium being reached in 180–240 min). The Sips equation fits the sorption isotherms; the maximum sorption capacities at pH ≈5 reach up to 0.84 mmol La g−1, 0.92 mmol Cd g−1, and 0.78 mmol Ni g−1. In binary solutions, AR shows marked preference for La(III) over divalent cations. This selectivity may be increased by complexing base metals with EDTA, opening the route for the selective recovery of rare earth elements. HCl solution reveals more efficient (>90% for La(III), ≈82% for Cd(II) and Ni(II)) than CaCl2 solution at pH 2 for metal desorption. This waste residue from biostimulant extraction (in brown algal biomass) can be valorized for the recovery of hazardous and strategic metal ions.
Rational Design of Mixed Matrix Membranes Modulated by Trisilver Complex for Efficient Propylene/Propane Separation
Authors: Cong Shenzhen , Feng Xiaoquan , Guo Lili , Peng Donglai , Wang Jing , Chen Jinghuo , Zhang Yatao , Shen Xiangjian , Yang Guang
Published: February 2023

The application of membrane‐based separation processes for propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) is extremely promising and attractive as it is poised to reduce the high operation cost of the established low temperature distillation process, but major challenges remain in achieving high gas selectivity/permeability and long‐term membrane stability. Herein, a C3H6 facilitated transport membrane using trisilver pyrazolate (Ag3pz3) as a carrier filler is reported, which is uniformly dispersed in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) matrix at the molecular level (≈15 nm), verified by several analytical techniques, including 3D‐reconstructed focused ion beam scanning electron microscropy (FIB–SEM) tomography. The π‐acidic Ag3pz3 combines preferentially with π‐basic C3H6, which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations showing that the silver ions in Ag3pz3 form a reversible π complex with C3H6, endowing the membranes with superior C3H6 affinity. The resulting membranes exhibit superior stability, C3H6/C3H8 selectivity as high as ≈200 and excellent C3H6 permeability of 306 Barrer, surpassing the upper bound selectivity/permeability performance line of polymeric membranes. This work provides a conceptually new approach of using coordinatively unsaturated 0D complexes as fillers in mixed matrix membranes, which can accomplish olefin/alkane separation with high performance.
High Performance Graphene–C60–Bismuth Telluride–C60–Graphene Nanometer Thin Film Phototransistor with Adjustable Positive and Negative Responses
Authors: Pan Rui , Cai Yuanlingyun , Zhang Feifei , Wang Si , Chen Lianwei , Feng Xingdong , Ha Yingli , Zhang Renyan , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2023

Graphene is a promising candidate for the next‐generation infrared array image sensors at room temperature due to its high mobility, tunable energy band, wide band absorption, and compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. However, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain ultrafast response time and ultrahigh responsivity, which limits the further improvement of graphene photoconductive devices. Here, a novel graphene/C60/bismuth telluride/C60/graphene vertical heterojunction phototransistor is proposed. The response spectral range covers 400–1800 nm; the responsivity peak is 106 A W−1; and the peak detection rate and peak response speed reach 1014 Jones and 250 µs, respectively. In addition, the regulation of positive and negative photocurrents at a gate voltage is characterized and the ionization process in impurities of the designed phototransistor at a low temperature is analyzed. Tunable bidirectional response provides a new degree of freedom for phototransistors' signal resolution. The analysis of the dynamic change process of impurity energy level is conducted to improve the device's performance. From the perspective of manufacturing process, the ultrathin phototransistor (20–30 nm) is compatible with functional metasurface to realize wavelength or polarization selection, making it possible to achieve large‐scale production of integrated spectrometer or polarization imaging sensor by nanoimprinting process.
Ambipolarity Regulation of Deep‐UV Photocurrent by Controlling Crystalline Phases in Ga2O3 Nanostructure for Switchable Logic Applications
Authors: Cheng Yuexing , Ye Junhao , Lai Li , Fang Shi , Guo Daoyou
Published: February 2023

Photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching (PEPS) effect can regulate the polarity of photocurrent, which has significant potential applications in areas such as logic gates, photosynapse, and artificial intelligence. In this work, it is reported for the first time that a pure Ga2O3 photoelectrochemical system exhibits ambipolar photocurrent behavior induced by deep ultraviolet, which is closely linked to the crystalline phase of Ga2O3 (α or β) and the surface states of oxygen vacancies. Spongy porous nanorod arrays (NRAs) of Ga2O3 designed here not only increase the contact area of Ga2O3 with the electrolyte but also can lower largely the reflection of light and improve light‐trapping capacity. For α phase Ga2O3, the photocurrent is in a forward direction under positive bias and shows a backward direction under negative bias in NaOH solution, exhibiting a distinct ambipolar photocurrent phenomenon, which can be attributed to more oxygen vacancy surface states and lower potential barrier at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Furtherly, the effect of the surface states on the ambipolar photocurrent behavior of α‐Ga2O3 NRAs is demonstrated by various treatment times of oxygen plasma, whose switching point moves from 0 V to −0.19 V with treatment for 30 min and continues to move in the negative direction with the increase of treatment time. Moreover, based on the ambipolar photocurrent behavior of α‐Ga2O3 NRAs, adjustable Boolean logic gates with voltage are prepared as the input source, offering a new path for the photoelectric device multifunctional integration needed in the Post‐Moore era, with a high accuracy manipulated by solar‐blind deep ultraviolet light.
Device‐to‐Materials Pathway for Electron Traps Detection in Amorphous GeSe‐Based Selectors
Authors: Slassi Amine , Medondjio Linda‐Sheila , Padovani Andrea , Tavanti Francesco , He Xu , Clima Sergiu , Garbin Daniele , Kaczer Ben , Larcher Luca , Ordejón Pablo , Calzolari Arrigo
Published: February 2023

The choice of the ideal material employed in selector devices is a tough task both from the theoretical and experimental side, especially due to the lack of a synergistic approach between techniques able to correlate specific material properties with device characteristics. Using a material‐to‐device multiscale technique, a reliable protocol for an efficient characterization of the active traps in amorphous GeSe chalcogenide is proposed. The resulting trap maps trace back the specific features of materials responsible for the measured findings, and connect them to an atomistic description of the sample. The metrological approach can be straightforwardly extended to other materials and devices, which is very beneficial for an efficient material‐device codesign and the optimization of novel technologies.
Reeling in complement in transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy: You're going to need a bigger boat
Authors: Jodele Sonata , Sabulski Anthony
Published: February 2023

Over the last decade there have been numerous advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA). These are largely the result of an improved understanding of complement activation in TA‐TMA and the ability to prevent end organ injury and death with timely initiation of complement‐blocking therapies. In this article, we review our current understanding of the pathophysiology of TA‐TMA, particularly as it pertains to complement activation, endothelial injury, and clinical management. We then review novel complement‐blocking therapies that are currently under investigation for use in TA‐TMA, as well as discuss special considerations for complement‐blocking therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Through these reviews we aim to answer or at least provide an educated discussion on the most commonly posed TA‐TMA management questions and dilemmas.