bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debates on the Role of the US Theatre Missile Defense in Regional Deterrence of Russia and China
Authors: Krivolapov O. O.
Published: April 2021

Studies on missile defense, both in Russia and abroad, have been tradition- ally focused either on capabilities of the US national missile defense system to parry Russian or Chinese strategic nuclear forces, or on regional deter- rence of North Korea and Iran by means of regional missile defense (theater missile defense, TMD). However, the 2019 Missile Defense Review (MDR) emphasized the role of the TMD systems in the regional deterrence of the Russian Federation and China. So far this issue has received little attention and this paper aims to fill that gap. The first section identifies the key points of the MDR concerning the capabilities of regional missile defense for regional deterrence of the major nuclear powers. The author also examines the views of different represen- tatives of the US Department of Defense on this issue, and concludes that the US military-political leadership has a generally positive assessment of the capabilities of the TMD systems to contain Russia and China in case of a regional crisis. In particular, planners emphasize the role of the regional missile defense in countering the ‘anti-access/access-denial’ capabilities and the concept of ‘escalate to de-escalate’ ascribed to Russia. At the same time, US policymakers express in that regard serious concerns about Russia’s and China’s progress in the development of hypersonic missile systems. The second section examines the ongoing debates in Western expert so- ciety on the role of the regional missile defense in terms of deterring Russia and China. The author concludes that in this respect experts can provisionally be divided into two groups. The first group generally supports the arguments of the US military-political leadership and is optimistic about TMD capabili- ties for regional deterrence of Russia and China. The second group is more critical of these capabilities. They point out the lack of accurate data on the combat capabilities of such systems in active warfare and criticize question- able theoretical assumptions of their opponents. The third section provides a critical analysis of the arguments presented in this debate. The author concludes that the current concepts of deterrence based on the use of regional missile defense systems do not fully address possible implications for regional security and strategic stability. The Russian Federation and China possess significant nuclear arsenals, which already make nuclear escalation involving these countries and the United States possible. Adding yet another variable (TMD) into this equation only aggravates the situation.
The Role of the Commercial Space Industry within the US National Security under the Trump Administration
Authors: Kuznetsov E. A.
Published: April 2021

The US space activities from their inception have been closely connected with the private sector. However, only in 2010s private space companies have come to play a prominent role not only on the global market of space services but in the field of international security as well. At the same time, this trend towards commercialization of outer space use and the growing role of the private space sector in ensuring national security is still understudied. This paper aims to partially fill this gap by assessing approaches to these issues adopted by the administration of D. Trump. In the first section the author notes that both conceptual and legal frameworks of private space activities lack clarity and proposes an operational definition of the phenomenon. The second section provides a brief overview of the key strategic policy documents of the Trump’s administration including those on commercial use of space in general and its implications for the US national security in particular. The third section identifies the trend towards the institutionalization of the US Space Forces as one of the priorities of the Trump’s administration military policy. The fourth section thoroughly examines key forms and areas of the public–private partnership in commercial use of space, including launch services, communication services, intelligence gathering, as well as production and maintenance of satellites. Finally, the fifth section assesses the prospects for private space activities given the current tightness of the space services market and growing competition. The author concludes that private space plays a subsidiary role within the US national security and is still heavily dependent on state support. Nevertheless, the scope of public–private cooperation is expanding and the models of interaction are changing. The Trump’s administration has contributed to the development of the industry through liberalization of regulations and involvement of private sector in the new large-scale projects, such as the Artemis program. The other important outcome of the space policy of the 45th President of the United States is anchoring of private space activities in the US national security strategy documents.
Evaluation of site amplification factors for shallow rock sites of Islamabad, Pakistan.
Authors:   GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan, Sadiq Shamsher ,   Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, Aaqib Muhammad ,   Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, Mandokhail Saeed-ullah J. ,   BUITEMS, Quetta, Blouchistan, Pakistan, Rehman Maqsood-Ur ,   NESPAK, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Mehtab Alam ,   Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chengdu, China, Muhammad Naik ,   BUITEMS, Quetta, Blouchistan, Pakistan, Adeel Muhammad B. ,   Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Published: April 2021

Current seismic provisions in Building Code of Pakistan (BCP-2007), seismic site classifications, and corresponding site amplification factors were determined similar to Uniform Building Code (UBC-1997), which were based on the local site conditions of Western United States with low impedance contrast, deep sites, and high seismicity conditions. The use of these deep sites based amplification factors to the shallow sites may not be appropriate to capture shallow sites' response. In this study, we performed a non-linear site-specific response analysis suite to compute the amplification factors for the six (06) representative shallow bedrock sites of Islamabad, Pakistan. The computed amplification factors are compared with BCP-2007 code-based design estimates; it is found that BCP-2007 code-based guidelines underestimate amplification factors at a short period whereas overestimating at an extended period. The study's findings highlight the potential implications of current code-based amplification factors for Islamabad's shallow sites and suggest improving the current seismic guidelines.
Isolation and characterization of novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rhizospherical soil: A novel IAA producing bacteria
Authors:   Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Research Administration, Research Grant # SL07/12, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait, Dashti Narjes H. , Al-Sarraf Nedaa Y. Ali ,   Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Research Administration, Research Grant # SL07/12, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait, Cherian Vineetha M. ,   Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Research Administration, Research Grant # SL07/12, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait, Montasser Magdy S. ,   Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Research Administration, Research Grant # SL07/12, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
Published: April 2021

Indole acetic acid (IAA) production is one of the distinctive traits of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Ten different rhizobacterial strains were isolated from the roots of tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.), grown in Kuwait, and then screened for their plant growth-promoting abilities, with emphasis on IAA production. The isolated strains were identified by 16S partial r-RNA sequencing and further characterized by conventional biochemical tests. Based on the nucleotide sequence analysis and homology of the isolates, a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The plant growth-promoting abilities of the strains were determined by testing for ammonium production, hydrogen cyanide and acid production, growth in nitrogen-free media, phosphate solubilization, and IAA production. The potential IAA PGPRs were re-applied onto the rhizosphere of green-house grown tomato plants to determine their effects on tomato growth. The results have indicated that all isolated strains were able to produce indole acetic acid even without the presence of a tryptophan precursor.
Extended-spectrum and Metallo-beta lactamase enzymes mediated resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinically isolated specimens
Authors:   Dept. of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KP, Pakistan., Ali Farooq , Kamal Seema ,   Dept. of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KP, Pakistan., Shakeela Qismat ,   Dept. of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KP, Pakistan., Ahmed Shehzad ,   Dept. of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, KP, Pakistan.
Published: April 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading opportunistic pathogens, frequently highlighted for the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-beta Lactamase (MBL) enzymes. This is believed to be the primary inhabitant of soil due to its adaptive nature and can survive in aquatic and even in a toxic environment. The current study aimed to screen ESBL, MBL producing, and Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa. Clinical specimens collected from patients were screened for the presence of P. aeruginosa. After identification, all the isolates were tested for the sensitivity pattern following the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The presence of ESBL and MBL enzymes were detected following DDST and IMP-EDTA detection tests, respectively. The sample size used in the study was 1369, and colonies for P. aeruginosa were obtained from 126 (9.20%) samples of culture media. 54.76% (69/126) of the positive cases were detected in the female population, whereas 45.24% (57/126) in the male population. High-frequency rate (n=43/126) was detected in the age group ≥31 year, followed by 21-30 (n=35/126), and 11-20 (n=34/126) age group, the minimal frequency (n=14/126) was detected in age group 0-10. The sensitivity pattern showed that the majority of the isolates were resistant, but class carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem), aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin), and other antibiotics like sulbactam- Cefoperazone, tazobactam-piperacillin, tigecycline, and Fosfomycin exhibited the best efficacy against P. aeruginosa. It is concluded that the emergence of resistance due to ESBL and MBL enzymes in P. aeruginosa is directly linked with a public health concern because these strains are almost resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, and only limited antibiotics are potent against these organisms.
Smart approach for cost-effective genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors:   Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan. 53700., Ghani Muhammad U. , Sabar Muhammad F. ,   Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan. 53700., Akram Muhammad ,   Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan. 53700.
Published: April 2021

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are in the prime focus of genomic studies for their probable roles in diagnostics and prognosis of diseases and forensic science. SNaPshot/minisequencing reaction-based genotyping of targeted SNPs is a method of choice due to its fast and reliable detection assay. Here we described smart modifications in minisequencing reaction to make it cost-effective to detect 15 SNPs in a single assay. The target SNPs were amplified in a multiplex PCR from genomic DNA, and these multiplex PCR amplicons were utilized as a template in modified SNaPshot reaction for SNPs identification. The modified protocol was assessed for reproducibility on more than 50 human DNA samples, and it was observed that this modified method is at least five times more productive than the original protocol recommended by the manufacturer. The current smart modifications in SNaPshot reaction were successfully optimized for susceptible asthma SNPs. However, these can be applied for cost-effective genotyping of any type of genomic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
Evaluation of the Injana claystone from Central Iraq for the brick industry
Authors:   Dept. of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq, Awadh Salih M. , Awad Ali M. ,   Dept. of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Published: April 2021

This study aims to suggest an alternative to the use of quality agricultural soil in the brick industry (Iraq). The Late Miocene claystone bed in the Injana Formation in central Iraq was targeted through the study of 18 exposed sections that were sampled by using the trench sampling method. The claystones are characterized by quartz (36.4%) followed by calcite (32.8%), quartz (36.4%) feldspar (2.6%), gypsum (1.3%) and dolomite (0.7%), kaolinite (10.5%), illite (7.7%), chlorite (6.7%), palygorskite (6.0%) and montmorillonite (0.7%). New thermal mineral phases were formed at 950°C, including diopside (62.9%), quartz (18.4%), wollastonite (8.28%), akermanite (7.6%), Anorthite (6.25%), Nosean (4.9%), gehlenite (3.75%) and Lazurite (3.15%). The raw material's engineering tests showed that the Atterberg index for the plasticity varies from low to high, low volumetric and linear shrinkage during drying and firing with a temperature at 950°C. The raw material produced bricks with 155 kg/cm2 uniaxial compressive strength, 23.2% water absorption, and zero to low efflorescence. The results show the potential use of the Late Miocene clays of the Injana Formation to replace the existing agricultural grade muds presently being manufactured within the A and B category based on the Iraqi standard specification No.25 in 1993.
Efficient transformed ratio-type estimator using single auxiliary information
Authors:   Dept. of Statistics, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan, Amjad Sana , Ismail Muhammad ,   Dept. of Statistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus Lahore, Pakistan
Published: April 2021

This paper provides an efficient transformed ratio-type estimator to estimate the study variable's population variance by utilizing information of a single auxiliary variable under simple random sampling without replacement. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimator are derived up-to 1st order approximation. In addition to this, the efficiency comparison of the proposed estimator has been done with traditional ratio-type variance estimator and some other widely used modified ratio-type variance estimators by taking real-life data. A simulation study has also been carried out to see the performance of the proposed estimator. It is worth noticing that our proposed estimator performs better than the competing estimators in real-life data applications as the mean squared error and root mean squared error of our proposed estimator are smaller than the competing estimators. Hence, our proposed estimator is better than existing variance estimators.
Production cross–section and reaction yield calculations for 123-126I isotopes on 123Sb(α,xn) reactions
Authors:   Dept. of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey, Özdoğan Hasan ,   Dept. of Medical Imaging Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, 07190, Antalya, Turkey, Şekerci Mert ,   Dept. of Physics, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey, Kaplan Abdullah ,   Dept. of Physics, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
Published: April 2021

Most of the radioisotopes used in the medical fields, like examination and treatment studies, were produced by employing nuclear reactions. Within the process of a nuclear reaction, one of the most important parameters is the cross-section data, which help reveal the reaction phenomenon's mechanisms. The main intention of this study is to investigate the efficiencies of producing iodine isotopes via 123Sb(α,xn) reactions. For this, optical and level density models of TALYS 1.8 code have been used. Production cross-section, the alpha beam energy, reaction yields, and total activation of radioisotopes have been computed. It has been figured out that a 45 MeV cyclotron could be enough for producing 123-126I radioisotopes with reaction yields of 39.3372, 5.5685, 0.2410, and 0.0796 GBq/mAh, respectively.
Design Delays in Building Projects in India: Effects and Remedies
Authors: Das Dillip Kumar , Emuze Fidelis
Published: April 2021

Empirical evidence shows that design-related challenges influence delay in building projects in India. Based on case studies of building projects from the capital region of Odisha Province of India, the factors relating to consultants and design have been identified and policy interventions were compiled to reduce design linked delay. A survey method to collect data, statistical analysis and a Systems Dynamics modelling approach were used according to different scenarios to propose strategic interventions. The findings suggested that complexity of design and compilation of documents, and the combined complexity of both can cause substantial delay. The model results revealed that the combined effect of appointing competent consultants and communicating effectively could reduce delay significantly. The novelty of the study lies in using a systems approach to develop causal feedback relationships among variables, as opposed to considering one origin of the problem at a time. The study makes three contributions: (1) design-linked challenges and mechanisms of delay, based on causal feedback relationships in building construction, can be diagnosed to evolve appropriate remedial measures; (2) impacts of different interventions can be visualised quantitatively under different scenarios; and (3) an alternative methodology to examine the trend of the project period is offered.
Modelling Customers’ Perception of the Quality of Services Provided by Builders: A Case of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Gurmu Argaw , Galluzzo Anna , Kite John
Published: April 2021

Consumer satisfaction is essential for quality assurance, business survival and economic prosperity. It can also be used as an indicator of the occurrence of defects in the houses delivered by builders. The objective of this study is to compare the quality of services provided by volume and small builders, and to develop a model for predicting the chance of occurrence of structural defects in houses. A list of home builders was obtained from Australia’s Housing Industry Association media release 2019. Thereafter, customer reviews of 10 volume builders and 107 small builders were obtained from publicly available data. Overall, 2336 reviews for volume-builders and 2037 reviews for small builders were analysed quantitatively. Further, using the scores provided by customers, the probability-based regression model for the structural integrity of residential buildings was developed. Generally, the research found that for volume-builders, customers have the highest satisfaction level for ‘customer service’ and the lowest satisfaction level for ‘plumbing and waterproofing’ work. However, for small builders, customers have the highest confidence in the ‘structural integrity’ of their buildings and the least confidence in projects ‘timeliness’. Clients can use the stochastic-based model to predict the probability that a builder could deliver a house with low structural defects. The model showed that if a customer service score for a particular builder is less than 3.3, then there is a higher chance of having structural defects. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by developing and validating the logistic regression model that can be used as a tool to assess the quality of services provided by home builders. Moreover, the research provides useful information which can assist builders to improve the quality of services they provide.
Digital and Social Media Marketing - Growing Market Share for Construction SMEs
Authors: Malesev Simon , Cherry Michael
Published: April 2021

The construction industry has not been an early adopter of social media and digital marketing, due largely to lack of knowledge of and skills in these areas. Nevertheless, effectively deployed, digital and social media marketing can be a disruptive force allowing smaller residential construction companies to build brand awareness and win business from larger competitors. This study uses a qualitative approach - interviews with residential construction small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and adjacent industry actors - to obtain data addressing the key questions of the residential construction sector SMES' digital marketing attitudes and capabilities; whether digital and social media marketing is as or more effective than traditional marketing strategies; and the challenges facing SMEs in making effective use of digital marketing strategies. The findings confirm widespread recognition of the value of digital marketing strategies among SMEs but reveal that uptake and effective use of digital marketing is undermined by deficiencies in external environment analysis and a lack of the investment and training needed to plan, monitor and maintain effective and up-to-date marketing mixes, strategies and objectives. Based on the findings, recommendations are offered for improving residential construction SMEs’ uptake and effective use of digital and social media marketing.
Synthesis nanocompsite TiO2-ZrO2 for photocatalic degration of phenol and methylene blue (MB)
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hai Yen  , Le Thi Hong Hai  , Pham Thi Minh Thao
Published: April 2021

A series of TiO2-ZrO2 binary oxide samples with various TiO2-ZrO2 content (90-10, 80-20, 70-30, 60-40, 50-50 mol %)  were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and BET. XRD data identified the anatase phase of the TiO2 and tetragonal, monoclinic phases of ZrO2 in all obtained samples. The average crystallite size of the samples was between 16 to 21 nm. As UV-Vis spectra, the band gaps of TiO2-ZrO2 composites vary from 2,5 eV to 3,1 eV. The photocatalytic reactions confirmed that the nanocomposite sample showed higher photocatalytic activity than the pure oxides samples for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue (MB) under 100 W incandescent lamp. Among the prepared samples, the best sample for photocatalytic degration of MB is the ĐKT9-1 which contains 90% TiO2 and 10% ZrO2 with a percentage 95% after 180 minutes. The ĐKT8-2 which contains 80% TiO2 and 20% ZrO2 shows the best phenol removal efficiency of  97% after 30 minutes. This indicates that the materials are capable of treating MB and phenol in wastewater.
El niño de ojos de gigante. Antología
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, de Almada Negreiros José
Published: April 2021

Con la selección hecha en este libro se pretende despertar la curiosidad de los lectores hacia nuevos encuentros con la obra de Almada Negreiros, tanto la literaria como la plástica, hasta un posible descubrimiento de su unidad: 1+1=1. En esta edición presentamos los dibujos y las intervenciones gráficas (incluidas las portadas) elaboradas por Almada, poeta visual, para la primera edición de algunos de los textos aquí publicados. Juntos, texto e imagen forman un todo indisociable. Separados tienen una existencia autónoma, y una forma de arte no anula la otra. Esta antología fue organizada cronológicamente, no solo para evitar una clasificación por géneros —tantas veces mezclados en un único texto—, sino también para exhibir la polifonía de formas entrelazadas en un mismo periodo. Divididos en tres grandes núcleos —El trazo de la Vanguardia, El dibujo de la ingenuidad y La solución por el arte—, los textos se suceden de modo que ponen en evidencia las relaciones que guardan entre sí.
Cuaderno de memorias coloniales
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Figueiredo Isabela
Published: April 2021

Comenta el filósofo y ensayista José Gil sobre el Cuaderno de memorias coloniales que «ningún libro restituyó, mejor que este, la verdad desnuda y brutal del colonialismo portugués en Mozambique». Narrada en primera persona, la obra recoge las memorias de una niña, hija de colonos portugueses en el Mozambique de los años setenta. A través de dos personajes, padre e hija, que viven el antes y el después de la independencia, se da cuenta de la vida en la colonia marcada por el racismo y el machismo. En confrontación con la memoria de un padre racista y machista, Isabela intenta reconstituir la verdad de su pasado en busca de comprensión. Sexo, violencia e ideología son los pilares que, en la mirada inocente de una niña, la narradora intenta deconstruir para situar la desolación y el posterior exilio a los que la colonización y la descolonización los postró.
Principal Interpersonal Communication in Decision Making And Policy Quality Improvement of MTs Ummi Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Wijaya Candra , Y Yahfizham Yahfizham , Zaini Muhammad Fuad
Published: April 2021

The focus of the study is: 1) Communication interpersonal heads of madrassas in decision making and policy improvement of quality ; 2) Factors supporting the communication interpersonal heads of madrassas in the decision -making improvement of quality ; 3) obstacles head of madrassas in communication interpersonal pengamblan decisions and policies quality improvement . The formulation of the problem in this study is how the leadership of the headmaster of MTs Ummi Lubuk Pakam in improving the quality of students and the purpose of this study is to determine the leadership of the principal of MTs Ummi madrasah in improving the quality of students. This type of research this qualitative research and data collection techniques are observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that communication interpersonal heads of madrassas run by the well. Head madrassa raised an issue and discussed by listening to the input and output of the entire teachers and residents of the school are related. Head madrassa apply the value of the family to the entire citizens of the madrasa, so that citizens maadrasah feel dihaargai and dibutuhkaan so was born the attitude of loyalty that high directed toward madrasah and a sense of belonging madrasa good so kesdaran to improve the quality of madrasah is born of the whole wargaa madraasah it alone Making decisions that applied the head of the madrassa with a system of deliberation for the sake of generating results that best. Efforts to improve the quality of students who performed at the school by offering several programs -Program madarasah and extracurricular to grow skills and mentality of the participants students with the purpose of generating a graduate of the best of the value of the attitude and knowledge.
Alfred Schutz's Perspective in Phenomenology Approach: Concepts, Characteristics, Methods and Examples
Authors: Rasid Ruslan , Djafar Hilman , Santoso Budi
Published: April 2021

Alfred Schutz with his phenomenology introduced the concept of multiple reality. For Schutz, the reality in this world is not only in the reality of social life, but also includes fantasy reality, dream reality, etc. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze and describe how the concepts, characteristics, methods and examples of the use of the phenomenological approach in Alfred Schutz's perspective qualitative research methodology. The results of the study explain that the phenomenological approach pioneered by Edmund Husserl has a watchword: zuruck zu den sachen selbst (back to things themselves) that a method for explain phenomena in their purity, where these phenomena are anything that in some way appears in human consciousness . Whether in the form of something as a result of fiction or in the form of something real.
The Effect of Circuit Learning on Improving The Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students
Authors: Jariono Gatot , Nugroho Haris , Hermawan Iwan , Fachrezzy Fahmy , Maslikah Uzizatun
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of circuit learning on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students. This research was conducted at SDN 135 Sajoanging Wajo Regency of South Sulawesi Province, with a sample of 20 people. The method used in this study is to use asi experiments. The data analysis technique used in this study is to use descriptive analysis and inference analysis, descriptive analysis is used to describe the results of this study while inference analysis uses uji_t with a significant degree α=0.05 analysis used with the help of SPSS version 20.0. The results of this study found that circuit learning had a significant influence on improving the physical fitness of elementary school students. Thus, it can be concluded that circuit learning is one of the alternatives to improving the physical fitness of school students.
Decision Support System for Thesis Session Pass Recommendation Using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) Method
Authors: Valentino V. H. , Setiawan Heri Satria , Saputra Aswin , Haryanto Yuli , Putra Arman Syah
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe background this time is how the scoring system is still objective in the thesis trial system, therefore withthis decision support system, the objective assessment will become a definite scoring system, and will beable to help examiners provide the best advice to take. decisions to be taken during the student thesis trial.The method used in this research is to use quantitative methods, by conducting a librarian study and thencombined with data taken from student participants in the thesis examination, with the library studymethod, it will be possible to explore this research and data processing will also be maximized. Manysystems use the AHP algorithm method to make decisions that are difficult to make, using the AHP methodcan be taken into consideration in making decisions, because data processing using the AHP method willprovide the best advice for making an important decision. This research will produce a system proposal andhow the data is obtained, then how the data is processed to produce a system proposal, which is best formaking decisions about students who are currently passing their thesis exams or not, with the proposedsystem will greatly help the examiner take decisions that were previously objective.Keywords: Decision Support System, Thesis Session, Pass, AHP.
Improving Educational Quality through Optimizing the Potential of Educational Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Feiby , Daeng Pawero Abdul Muis , Umar Mardan
Published: April 2021

The quality of education in an educational institution will be greatly influenced by the potential of educational institutions and the governance system. The existing potential must be optimized to support quality improvement. Likewise, the education governance system will develop well when it is implemented through a good system by professional managers. The system has been designed in detail by the government which was stipulated by the Minister of National Education Regulation No. 19 of 2007 concerning "Education Management Standards by Primary and Secondary Education Units". This regulation was prepared by the government to regulate a good, balanced and sustainable governance system.The problem is determined to what extentthe ability of educational institutions to optimize the potential of the institution and optimizing inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes, starting from planning, organizing, actuiting, and controlling. This paper will discuss the improving educational quality through optimizing the potential of educational institutions in Indonesia in order to achieve shared ideals for a better educational future.
Effect Technology Information On Quality Financial Statement With Internal Control As Moderating Variable
Authors: Sarwono Aris Eddy , Handayani Asih
Published: April 2021

The problem with the low quality of financial reports in local governments is the reason this research was conducted. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of information technology on the quality of financial reports by considering the internal control system (SPI) factor. The location of this research is in the Karisidenan Surakarta area which includes 6 districts and 1 city. The population of this research is all state civil servants (ASN) in local governments who work in accounting. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling method. The results showed that the use of information technology had a positive effect on the quality of financial reporting in local governments, while the internal control system moderated the effect of the use of information technology on the quality of financial reporting in local governments.
Global Trade Restrictions during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Riady Riady , Fita Gia Ayu , Fiqhi Utami Andi Nur , B. Tahawa Taufik Hidayat
Published: April 2021

In early 2020 with the emergence of the corona virus which originated in China, became a threat to every country because it caused many victims to die. The massive spread of the corona virus globally throughout the world has an impact on every country in various sectors, be it social, political, economic, tourism, or domestic and global trade sectors. This is because many countries have issued policies restricting access to the country not only for the public, but also for certain products originating from other countries with the aim of minimizing the growing circulation of the corona virus. Of the many countries, including Indonesia, felt the impact of this case, especially in the global trade sector because it caused delays in various types of products that should have been exported to various countries due to restrictions on the acceptance of imported goods by certain countries through policies issued supported by the World Trade Organization's record stating that During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were many countries that implemented global trade restrictions.
Market Basket Analysis with Apriori Algorithm and Frequent Pattern Growth (Fp-Growth) on Outdoor Product Sales Data
Authors: Nurmayanti Wiwit Pura , Sastriana Hanipar Mahyulis , Rahim Abdul , Gazali Muhammad , Hirzi Ristu Haiban , Ramdani Zuhut , Malthuf Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is an equatorial country that has abundant natural wealth from the seabed to the top of the mountains, the beauty of the country of Indonesia also lies in the mountains that it has in various provinces, for example in the province of West Nusa Tenggara known for its beautiful mountain, namely Rinjani. The increase in outdoor activities has attracted many people to open outdoor shops in the West Nusa Tenggara region. Sales transaction data in outdoor stores can be processed into information that can be profitable for the store itself. Using a market basket analysis method to see the association (rules) between a number of sales attributes. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of relationships in the transactions that occur. The data used is the transaction data of outdoor goods. The analysis used is the Association Rules with the Apriori algorithm and the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm. The results of this study are formed 10 rules in the Apriori algorithm and 4 rules in the FP-Growth algorithm. The relationship pattern or association rule that is formed is in the item "if a consumer buys a portable stove, it is possible that portable gas will also be purchased" at the strength level of the rules with a minimum support of 0.296 and confidence 0.774 at Apriori and 0.296 and 0.750 at FP-Growth.
Motivasi Belajar Dari Rumah (Study From Home) Mahasiswa STAI Denpasar Bali Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Rusmayani Rusmayani
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted with the purpose to determine motivation study from home, STAI Denpasar Bali students during the Covid-19 Pandemic, where the learning process from home starts in the third week of March 2020 until now. This study had implemented the method of survey and quantitative in nature. The number of 170 students consisting of the Management of Islamic Education, Islamic Religious Education, and Sharia Economics study program, were selected randomly as samples. A set of questionnaires was used as a research instrument. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively using frequency, percentage, and mean score in order to identify the level of motivation students study from home. The study found that average student learning motivation from home is in the sufficient category, which is 38.82 percent, this proves that even though there is the Covid-19 Pandemic struck, it did not decrease the learning motivation of STAI Denpasar students, and the appreciation given by the lecturer during the learning process from the house took place and the conducive learning environment created by lecturers and institutions was able to motivate students during learning from home during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Optimalisasi Penyaluran Zakat Di Masyarakat: Studi Tentang Sistem Distribusi Syariah Lembaga Amil Zakat di Ponorogo
Authors: Dewi Arlinta Prasetian
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted at several amil zakat institutions representing the Ponorogo area, namely BMH Ponorogo, LAZISMU ponorogo, BAZNAS Ponorogo Regency and LAZ Ummat Sejahtera. The location is adjusted to the origin of the institution. BMH and LAZISMU are under the auspices of the organization Hidayatullah and Muhamadiyah, BAZNAS under the auspices of the government in this case the ministry of religion, and LAZ Prosperous Community which is an independent institution. This research is qualitative descriptive field research. Methods of collecting data through observation, documentation, and interviews. While the type of data used is primary data and secondary data. From this study, it was concluded that the pattern of zakat distribution carried out by BMH and LAZ Prosperous Ummah could be said to be better and more innovative especially with the high professionalism of amil in work so that the distribution system could be optimally implemented, complete and organized in the hope that distribution could be optimized zakat institutions for the welfare of society will be greater.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE DEFESA NACIONAL DO BRASIL
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Turíbio Marques , Brum Bernardo Ricciardi dos Santos , Soares João Pedro Andrades Salles , Martins Pedro Antônio Lorentz
Published: April 2021

O Brasil, através de seu desenvolvimento econômico apresentado nas últimas duas décadas, vem se estabelecendo no sistema internacional como uma potência emergente que pretende, em conjunto a outros países, participar de forma ativa da dinâmica do sistema internacional. No que concerne as políticas públicas de Defesa Nacional, o país vem a praticar uma fala afirmativa para o seu entorno estratégico, com especial atenção para o Atlântico Sul. Dito isto, este trabalho tem por fim, através de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, avaliar as características que fazem desse oceano uma área tão fundamental para o país. Após uma exposição da trajetória do Pensamento Estratégico Naval Brasileiro até a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END) de 2008, pode-se afirmar que a cooperação das ações públicas na área da Política Externa e da Defesa na região constituirá a base para que se estabeleça a sonhada liderança política e militar do Brasil no Atlântico Sul.
Roles of the Inner Eyewall Structure in the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Simulated Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Qin Nannan , Wu Liguang , Liu Qingyuan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. It has been suggested that the inner eyewall structure may play an important role in the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of tropical cyclones (TCs). This study is to further examine the role of the inner eyewall structure by comparing two numerical experiments, which were conducted with the same large-scale environment and initial and boundary conditions but different grid sizes. The SEF was simulated in the experiment with the finer grid spacing, but not in the other.Comparing the eyewall structure in the simulated TCs with and without the SEF indicates that the eyewall structure can play an important role in the SEF. For the simulated TC with the SEF, the eyewall is more upright with stronger updrafts, accompanied by a wide eyewall anvil at a higher altitude. Compared to the simulated TC without the SEF, diagnostic analysis reveals that the cooling outside the inner eyewall is induced by the sublimation, melting and evaporation of hydrometeors falling from the eyewall anvil. The cooling also induces upper-level dry, cool inflow below the anvil, prompting the subsidence and moat formation between the inner eyewall and the spiral rainband. In the simulated TC without the SEF, the cooling induced by the falling hydrometeors is significantly reduced and offset by the diabatic warming. There is no upper-level dry inflow below the anvil and no moat formation between the inner eyewall and the spiral rainband. This study suggests that a realistic simulation of the intense eyewall convection is important to the prediction of the SEF in the numerical forecasting model.
Microphysical process of precipitating hydrometeors from warm-front mid-level stratiform clouds revealed by ground-based lidar observations
Authors: Yi Yang , Yi Fan , Liu Fuchao , Zhang Yunpeng , Yu Changming , He Yun
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Mid-level stratiform precipitations during the passage of warm front were detailedly observed on two occasions (light and moderate rain) by a 355-nm polarization lidar and water-vapor Raman lidar, both equipped with waterproof transparent roof windows. The hours-long precipitation streaks shown in the lidar signal (X) and volume depolarization ratio (δv) reveal some ubiquitous features of the microphysical process of precipitating hydrometeors. We find that for the light rain case, surface rainfall begins as supercooled liquid-drop-dominated hydrometeors fall out of their liquid parent cloud at altitudes above the 0 °C level, and most liquid drops quickly freeze into ice particles (δv > 0.25) during the first 100–200 m of their descent, where humid aerosol particles exist. Subsequently, the falling hydrometeors yield a dense layer with an ice/snow bright band occurring above and a liquid-water bright band occurring below (separated by a lidar dark band) as a result of crossing the 0 °C level. The ice/snow bright band might be a manifestation of local hydrometeor accumulation. Most falling raindrops shrink or vanish in the liquid-water bright band due to evaporation, whereas a few large raindrops fall out of the layer. We also find that a prominent depolarization δv peak (0.10–0.35) always occurs at an altitude of approximately 0.6 km during surface rainfall, reflecting the collision-coalescence growth of falling large raindrops and their subsequent spontaneous breakup. The microphysical process (at ice-bright-band altitudes and below) of moderate rain resembles that of the light rain case, but more large-sized hydrometeors are involved.
Variability of Black Carbon mass concentration in surface snow at Svalbard
Authors: Bertò Michele , Cappelletti David , Barbaro Elena , Varin Cristiano , Gallet Jean-Charles , Markowicz Krzysztof , Rozwadowska Anna , Mazzola Mauro , Crocchianti Stefano , Poto Luisa , Laj Paolo , Barbante Carlo , Spolaor Andrea
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Black Carbon (BC) is a significant forcing agent in the Arctic, but substantial uncertainty remains to quantify its climate effects due to the complexity of the different mechanisms involved, in particular related to processes in the snow-pack after deposition. In this study, we provide detailed and unique information on the evolution and variability of BC content in the upper surface snow layer during the spring period in Svalbard (Ny-Ålesund). Two different snow-sampling strategies were adopted during spring 2014 and 2015, providing the refractory BC (rBC) mass concentration variability on a seasonal/daily and daily/hourly time scales. The present work aims to identify which atmospheric variables could interact and modify the mass concentration of BC in the upper snowpack, the snow layer which BC particles affects the snow albedo. Despite the low BC mass concentrations, a relatively high daily variability was observed. Atmospheric, meteorological, and snow-related physico-chemical parameters were considered in a multiple statistical model to separate the factors determining observations. Precipitation events were the main drivers of the BC variability. Snow metamorphism and activation of local sources during the snow melting periods appeared to play a non-negligible role (wind resuspension in specific Arctic areas where coal mines were present). The BC content in the snow resulted in being statistically decoupled from the atmospheric BC load.
Partitioning carbon sources in a tropical watershed (Nyong River, Cameroon) between wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems – Do CO2 emissions from tropical rivers offset the terrestrial carbon sink?
Authors: Moustapha Moussa , Deirmendjian Loris , Sebag David , Braun Jean-Jacques , Audry Stéphane , Ateba Bessa Henriette , Adatte Thierry , Causserand Carole , Adamou Ibrahima , Ngounou Ngatcha Benjamin , Guérin Frédéric
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon (C) in rivers of the tropical Nyong catchment (South Cameroon). In 2016, we measured fortnightly at 6 locations along an upstream-downstream gradient from groundwater to the main stream of order 6, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic C (DIC) used together with pH to compute pCO2, dissolved and particulate organic C (DOC and POC) and total suspended matter. Forest, groundwater had low DOC content (< 1 mg L−1) as its leaching was probably prevented in the overlaying lateritic soils. Forest groundwater was supersaturated in CO2 (~50 times the atmospheric value) because of the solubilisation of the CO2 originating from soil respiration. Wetlands water exhibited higher DOC (> 14 mg L−1) and similar DIC concentrations than the forest groundwater. Surface runoff was considered negligible in the basin due to low slopes and high infiltration capacity of the soils, making wetlands and forest groundwater the two main sources of C for surface waters. The influence of wetlands on C dynamics in rivers was significant during periods of high waters when the hydrological connectivity between surface waters and wetlands was enhanced. On annual scale, wetlands exported 60 % (15.4 ± 7.2 t C km−2 yr−1) of the total amount of C transferred laterally to surface waters, the remaining 40 % (12.1 ± 5.8 t C km−2 yr−1) being transferred from forest groundwater. Heterotrophic respiration in rivers averaged 89 mmol m−2 d−1 whereas CO2 degassing was 1260 mmol m−2 d−1, which shows that it is unlikely that the river heterotrophic respiration was the main process sustaining CO2 emission. The comparison of the hydrological export of terrestrial C via forest groundwater with the net terrestrial C sink in the Nyong watershed shows that only ~4 % of the net terrestrial C sink reach the aquatic ecosystem. The carbon mass balance of the Nyong watershed highlights that attributing to a unique terrestrial source the whole amount of riverine carbon emitted to the atmosphere and exported to the ocean and ignoring the river–wetland connectivity can lead to the misrepresentation of C dynamics in tropical watersheds.