bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El fragmento 3 del poema de Parménides y la ontología fenomenológica francesa
Authors: Ascarate Luz
Published: January 2025

En esta presentación, reflexionaremos sobre los fines de la ontología fenomenológica francesa a partir de una lectura del fragmento 3 del poema de Parménides, fragmento que señala lo posible como aspecto fundamental del acceso al ser. Definimos la Modernidad, como la pérdida ontológica de lo posible, términos a partir de los cuales redefiniremos las nociones de crisis, de acción y de responsabilidad. Con ello, buscamos renovar, en un horizonte ontológico, las críticas fenomenológicas a la cultura y a la filosofía occidentales que se han hecho en la tradición francesa de la fenomenología inspiradas en la Krisis de Husserl. Justificaremos nuestra posición haciendo referencia tanto a exégetas contemporáneos del fragmento 3, como a aquellos fenomenólogos franceses que han definido la fenomenología en términos de ontología.
Inclusive Education and Justice for Students With Special Needs in Madrasas
Authors: Mareta Mira , Alimah Ade , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Inclusive education strives to provide equal opportunities for all children, regardless of their disabilities, to access education. While inclusive education is vital to ensure justice and equal opportunities for every child, the effectiveness of catering to each child's unique needs and potential is still up for debate. This article delves into research conducted in 2023 in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which explores the implementation of inclusive education and its impact on justice. The study used focus group discussions with principals, teachers, and parents of two madrasas (Islamic schools) in two regencies, the Ministry of Religious Affairs representatives, the Inclusive Madrasa Educator Forum, and a non-governmental organization. The results show that the implementation of inclusive education in madrasas has made significant progress, including an increase in the number of inclusive madrasas, positive attitudes from the school community, individualized education programs, the establishment of the Inclusive Madrasah Educator Forum, and collaboration between the government, non-government organizations, and the community. However, challenges such as limited resource allocation, a lack of teacher professional development, and obscure study plans, processes, and evaluations still exist. These unresolved challenges may lead to injustice for children with special needs in madrasas.
Huir de la guerra: aprendizaje del idioma entre mujeres refugiadas de Ucrania en contexto de acogida en España
Authors: Verdasco Martínez Raquel , Estrada Villaseñor Cecilia , Ramírez López Paz , Linares Llansola Isabel
Published: January 2025

Resumen: La guerra en Ucrania y la consecuente salida de mujeres y menores de edad en busca de refugio han marcado un punto de inflexión en los procesos de acogida de refugiados en Europa, destacando la rapidez y eficiencia con la que estos se llevaron a cabo. España, uno de los países receptores, implementó un sistema ágil para la acogida, reubicando a más de 6 millones de personas desplazadas (Eurostat 2023) en diversas zonas del territorio. Esta investigación, con un enfoque cualitativo, explora los discursos de los profesores de español que enseñan a refugiadas ucranianas, así como las experiencias y percepciones de las propias refugiadas en relación con el aprendizaje del idioma en distintos contextos de España. El estudio se centra en la satisfacción y realización personal derivadas del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del español, entendido como un factor clave para la integración social. Los resultados aportan información para el diseño de futuras estrategias de enseñanza del idioma en el marco de la acogida de refugiados y migrantes forzados.
Palabras clave: Enseñanza del español. Integración lingüística. Refugio. Desafíos. Experiencia docente.
Didactic voice-over in Secondary Education to develop integrated language skills and raise ecological awareness:
Authors: Lertola Jennifer , Goñi Alsúa Edurne
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in the utilisation of ICT in language teaching and learning. In order to provide students with a quality education, teacher training is of paramount importance. Effective teacher training ensures that educators are well-equipped with the latest pedagogical strategies, technological tools, and interdisciplinary approaches necessary for fostering a dynamic and engaging learning environment. Furthermore, in view of the United Nations’ Agenda 2030, the efforts of teachers increasingly focus on promoting sustainability awareness. This holistic approach not only enhances the educational experience but also aligns with broader societal goals, making language education a powerful tool for positive change. 
This paper will present a case study with 14 pre-service secondary school teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Spain. The purpose is to investigate whether pre-service teachers see feasible to implement DAT, particularly didactic voice-over, in the EFL classroom, and whether it can enhance integrated language skills and promote ecological awareness. The participants were initially introduced to DAT and its practical application within the recently research-led TRADILEX platform (Fernández-Costales, Talaván & Tinedo-Rodríguez, 2023). Subsequently, participants were required to carry out a didactic voice-over lesson plan (LP) about the European-funded project Speak4Nature - Interdisciplinary Approaches on Ecological Justice. After submitting the 60-minute voice-over LP, created in accordance with the TRADILEX methodology (Talaván & Lertola, 2022), participants were required to develop a second LP of the same duration, utilising the same video as a foundation and tailored to the specific needs of their target learners. In order to triangulate the data, participants’ opinions were gathered via a feedback questionnaire, an observation rubric completed by the two teacher-researchers, and a focus group involving five participants. The analysis yields encouraging findings, since pre-service EFL teachers perceived the integration of DAT in secondary education as potentially advantageous for fostering the development of integrated language skill and ecological awareness.
Forest cover depletion and land use/land cover change in Bac Kan province, Vietnam
Authors: Thien Bui B. , Phuong Vu T. , Huong Do T. V.
Published: January 2025

Forests have an important role in climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and protecting land resources from natural calamities. Deforestation is a significant contributor to global climate change. In Bac Kan province, Vietnam, forest cover has declined dramatically between 1992 and 2022 due to agricultural deforestation and unauthorized logging. This study employs remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to monitor negative changes in forest cover and land use and cover categories. Landsat 5-TM and Landsat 9-OLI/TIRS images from 1992, 2010, and 2022 were classified using the maximum likelihood classification method, and the post-classification accuracy was assessed using kappa coefficient statistics. Additionally, to detect changes in forest cover, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were utilized. The results indicate an increased in agricultural land from 70.97 km2 (1.46 %) in 1992 to 575.24 km2 (11.84 %) in 2022, accompanied by a decreased in forest area from 4640.53 km2 (95.50 %) in 1992 to 4196.54 km2 (86.36 %) in 2022, with a total forest area lost of 443.99 km2 (9.14 %) during this period. The findings suggest that agriculture, settlements, and waterbodies have expanded while forest cover and bare soil/rock have declined. Overall, deforestation has severely reduced forest cover in the area, mainly due to indiscriminate logging and the expansion of agricultural land at the forest's periphery.
Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Malacca Leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) on the Growth of Plasmodium falciparum in Vitro
Authors: Sir Habibah Annum , Asmilia Nuzul , Armansyah TR T.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the antiplasmodium activity of ethyl acetate extract of malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica L.) on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.  In this study, five treatment groups with extract dosage of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 5 μg / ml were used.  For positive control, antimalarial drug artesdiaquine was given. Plasmodium culture used the candle-jar method and the antiplasmodium activity test was carried out by microculture method in vitro.  This research used a complete randomized design (RAL), data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's tests. The inhibition concentration (IC50) of malacca leaf extract was analyzed using PROBIT SPSS. Antiplasmodium activity was expressed by IC50 value which is the ability to inhibit 50% of Plasmodium growth. The results showed that the IC50 value of the extract was 17,849 μg/ml. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of malacca leaf had good activity as antiplasmodium and the best concentration was 25 μg / ml.
Diagnosis of Fowl Cholera in Broiler Chicken Collected from Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar
Authors: Aliza Dwinna , Hasan Denny Irmawati , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Riady Ginta
Published: January 2025

Fowl cholera is a highly contagious bacterial disease affecting poultry worldwide including broiler chickens. This study aimed at diagnosing fowl cholera in broiler chicken collected from Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar based on anatomical pathology and histopathological lesions. Approximately 1,400 broilers chicken’s cadaver were collected from poultry market around Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar within 2022-2024, then necropsied at Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, USK. All chicken were subjected to an anatomical pathology examination, followed by histopathological observation using hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The macroscopic results revealed multifocal necrosis in the liver, hemorrhages in several internal organs, oedema in lungs, ascites in thorax cavity, and arthritis. Histopathological examination highlighted characteristic lesions including vasculitis, submucosal edema in trachea, multifocal necrosis in liver, and desquamation of intestinal villi. The prevalence rate of fowl cholera disease during 2022, 2023, and 2024 were 8,2%, 11,2%, and 14.0%, respectively. In conclusion, broilers with fowl cholera shows inflammation lesions in several organs, focal necrosis in liver, ascites in thorax and abdominal cavity in acute form, and arthritis in chronic form.
A Calculation Model for Hydraulic Fracture Height Considering Interlayer Slip Energy Dissipation
Authors: Li Yuwei , Xu Li , Gou Yanhong , Du Tong , Xiao Yonghui
Published: January 2025

The height of hydraulic fractures is a pivotal parameter in determining the volume of reservoir stimulation. Accurate prediction of fracture propagation across geological layers is crucial for designing optimal hydraulic fracturing operations and ensuring safety and cost-effective execution. One of the challenging issues in hydraulic fracturing research is accurately analyzing the impact of rock layer bedding planes on the height of hydraulic fractures. This paper equates the energy dissipated by interlayer slip to the increment of the equivalent fracture toughness of the corresponding layer and analyzes its impact on the height of hydraulic fractures. A hydraulic fracture height propagation model considering the influence of bedding planes is established, and the effects of interlayer spacing, in-situ stress, and fracture toughness on fracture height propagation are analyzed. The findings reveal that the energy dissipated by interlayer slip notably decelerates fracture tip propagation, leading to a stepped height propagation profile as fractures intersect bedding planes. Furthermore, both interlayer spacing and in-situ stress are crucial factors determining the propagation height of fractures. Reduced interlayer spacing and elevated in-situ stress enhance resistance to fracture propagation, necessitating higher pressures for continued propagation through bedding planes. In contrast, the effect of the rock layer’s fracture toughness on fracture height is relatively limited. The model presented herein offers a theoretical framework for estimating hydraulic fracture height in layered formations.
Enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction unveils the formation of single CEMP stars
Authors: Guo Bing , Fu Guangyong , An Zhendong , Jin Shilun
Published: January 2025

The chemical abundances of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars contain plentiful information of the elemental nucleosynthesis in the early universe. Four CEMP-s stars were identified as single stars by monitoring their radial velocities. It hence challenges a longstanding assumption that this type of star is formed in the binary system, where the enriched heavy elements are transferred from the companion. Here, we report an explanation by the influence of the enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction in the nucleosynthesis inside of these single stars themselves, which no longer relies on the transfer of the materials from the companion. This key reaction consumes 12C, and then reduces the amount of neutrons via the neutron source reaction 13C(α,n)16O in which 13C is produced through the proton capture reaction on 12C and the following beta decay of 13N. Therefore, the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate affects the evolution of the heavy elements produced by neutron capture reactions of the s-process in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars critically. We found that in a sufficiently hot and dense astrophysical environment the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate is increased by a factor of 8.1 at typical temperature of 0.1 GK in inner AGB stars and the enhancements even exceed a factor of 10 at higher temperatures due to change of the effective width of the excited state of 16O. Such enhancement suppresses the production of heavy elements formed by the s-process. The resulting suppression of the elements heavier than barium well matches the observations of single CEMP-s stars, thus effectually explains their formation without any companions. The result also convincingly answers the chemical abundances of a CEMP-r+s star, which is a new type of single CEMP star uniquely identified in recent years. The origin of this star, therefore, can be explained by the s-process components produced with the enhanced 12C(α,γ)16O reaction in the AGB phase plus enriched r-process matters from earlier explosive events in the environment.
PCAGroupAdam: A PCA-Based Deep Learning Framework with Custom Optimization for Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Classification in High-Dimensional Gene Expression Data
Authors: Şaşmazlar Ahmet Emir
Published: January 2025

High-dimensional gene expression datasets present unique challenges in cancer biomarker discovery and classification. Here, we propose a novel deep learning framework incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and a custom optimizer, PCAGroupAdam, for effective gradient scaling. The framework was tested on multiple gene expression datasets, achieving superior classification performance compared to traditional optimizers (Adam, RMSprop, SGD). Key findings include the identification of biologically relevant genes such as AGR2, TSPAN8, and GAPDH, which were linked to cancer progression using SHAP analysis and validated through functional annotation (GO/KEGG) and STRING protein-protein interaction analysis and an unknown functioned lncRNA found to be correlated with breast cancer. Our approach demonstrates strong performance like high accuracy, f1 scores and significantly reduced loss values, interpretable results, and scalability to various high-dimensional omics datasets.
REAP1/AtSWAP70 Integrates RAB5 and ROP Signaling During Sexual Reproduction
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Ito Emi , Hirano Tomoko , Sato Masa , Ebine Kazuo , Nakano Akihiko , Uemura Tomohiro
Published: January 2025

Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are critical regulators of diverse cellular processes. While cross-talk between their signaling pathways has been documented in animals, similar mechanisms remain unexplored in plants, where small GTPases have undergone unique evolutionary diversification. Here, we identify REAP1/AtSWAP70 as a novel effector in Arabidopsis thaliana that interacts with the active forms of both canonical RAB5 and the plant-specific RAB5, ARA6. Remarkably, REAP1 also binds to active ROP7, a plant-unique Rac-type GTPase, via its DH domain. REAP1 localizes to endosomes and facilitates ROP7 recruitment from the plasma membrane, a process dependent on RAB5 activity. Genetic analyses reveal that the RAB5-REAP1-ROP7 signaling cascade is essential for gametogenesis, impacting pollen viability and development. This study provides the evidence of functional cross-talk between RAB and ROP signaling in plants, unveiling a novel layer of regulatory complexity in plant GTPase signaling during plant reproduction.
Human cardiac tissues produce lower contractile stress and exhibit slower cross-bridge cycling in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Musgrave Julia H , Han June-Chiew , Ward Marie-Louise , Kang Nicholas , Taberner Andrew J , Tran Kenneth
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus elevates the risk of developing heart failure and increases associated mortality rates. While the clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been extensively studied, the effects of diabetes and associated changes in metabolic state on contractile cross-bridge function are less well-understood. Using our suite of experimental methods designed to measure cross-bridge kinetics and metabolite sensitivity, we aim to elucidate the mechanistic pathways by which cross-bridge alterations contribute to the organ-level dysfunction observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Methods: Atrial trabeculae from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients without heart failure were perme- abilised and subjected to a series of experiments to measure their cross-bridge function and sensitivity to metabo- lites. Muscle active stress production and muscle active complex modulus measurements were gathered across different concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) for the two groups of muscles. To link these func- tional data to tissue structural alterations, confocal imaging was performed to quantify the trabecula myofilament content and SWATH-MS was performed to measure the composition of myosin isoforms.
Results: Diabetic trabeculae generated 20 % lower active stress and had 16 % lower cross-bridge stiffness on 15 average. The reduction in active stress production can be attributed to a lower density of myocytes in the diabetic muscles. The diabetic trabeculae also had a 24 % reduction in characteristic frequencies, reflecting slower cross- bridge cycling kinetics. This result was consistent with the measurement of a reduced fraction of the alpha myosin isoform in this group of patients. The interaction between diabetic status and metabolites was more complex. Although we found that diabetes did not affect the force response to changes in ATP or Pi concentrations, we found 20 that the stiffness of cross-bridges had a lower sensitivity to ATP in diabetic tissues.
Conclusions: Our key results point to potential mechanisms of clinical dysfunction in diabetic heart tissue. Lower active force production in diabetic trabeculae suggests that these patients are developing systolic dysfunc- tion. Furthermore, slower cross-bridges can contribute to diastolic dysfunction, especially at higher heart rates, by prolonging cardiac relaxation.
Computation of Water Quality Index and Its Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Banerjee Kakoli , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Ajay , Upreti Kamal , Mahajan Shubham , Nasir Mohammad Shahnawaz
Published: January 2025

Water quality is an essential measure for maintaining health and quality of life. In this study, the water quality index has been computed for Gautam Buddha Nagar using the Brown et al. method by collection of 51 groundwater samples. For this purpose, six physicochemical water parameters were analysed, namely pH, Hardness, Turbidity, C.O.D., D.O. and B.O.D. The readings indicate that the groundwater condition of Gautam Buddha Nagar is extremely poor. The computation of the Water Quality Index is a complex task. The study found that when all input variables are available, Machine Learning Techniques can be employed to vastly reduce the complexity in the computation while giving a high accuracy of 99.99% using Linear Regression, followed by an accuracy of 99.97% using Support Vector Regressor. Collection of input data is a time-consuming and costly process, therefore, the dimensionality of the input data was reduced through correlation analysis in an attempt to compute the water quality index by using just a single parameter. The best score of 81.05% was obtained using Linear Regression when Turbidity was used as the only feature, due to its high correlation with the target variable. The algorithms used for this analysis are: Linear Regression, Support Vector Regressor, Decision Tree and Random Forest Regressor.
Regulation of Remote Sites to Enhance Pt Activity in the Hydrogenation of Sulfur-Containing Nitroarenes
Authors: Yang Qihua , Zhao Zhenchao , Chen Haitao , Ling Zongpeng , Yu Jie , Cheng Tao , Yang Jingru , Zhao Xuefang , Chen Yunuo , Liu Xin
Published: January 2025

Outer-sphere catalysis, commonly associated with enzyme catalysis and homogeneous catalysis, utilizes remote sites to drive reactions and is particularly effective for reactants that are toxic to the catalyst. However, this approach has been rarely explored in heterogeneous catalysis. In this study, we demonstrate the use of remote sites to enhance the activity of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing nitroarenes. Catalysts with Pt and MoO3 co-deposited on TiO2 efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of 5-nitrobenzothiazole (NBZ) under mild conditions, achieving a conversion rate of 5448 molNBZ · molPt⁻¹ · h⁻¹, the highest reported to date, even with ppm levels of Pt. The optimized Pt density (~ 3 NPs per 1×104 nm2) on the catalyst was found to favor HxMoO3 mediated sequential H transfer from Pt to Mo and subsequently to the substrate. Higher Pt density may enhance H transfer to Mo, but the hydrogenation process becomes limited by the availability of HxMoO3 for further H transfer to the substrate, revealing the intrinsic reason for the high activity of catalysts with ppm Pt. A direct H transfer pathway via HxMoO3 to the substrate, rather than solvent-mediated proton-coupled electron transfer, was observed and confirmed through solvent isotope kinetic effects and solvent studies. Tuning remote sites on solid catalysts offers a promising strategy for developing catalysts with the minim use of precious metals in the hydrogenation of strongly coordinating reactants.
Genome-wide pleiotropy analysis reveals shared architecture between renal traits and gastrointestinal tract diseases
Authors: Li Si , Wu Shuang , Jiang Minghui , Shao Zhonghe , Kong Yifang , Guan Yunlong , Cao Xi , Hao Xingjie
Published: January 2025

Background: Comorbidities between gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and renal diseases have been widely reported, but the shared genetic architecture of gut and renal traits remains unclear.
Objective: To investigate the shared genetic etiology and causal relationships between traits or diseases involved in the gut-renal axis.
Methods: We explored the global and local genetic correlations, pleiotropic effects at variants and gene levels, causal associations between pair-wise renal traits and GIT diseases, as well as potential target drugs by using the latest large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of five renal traits (BUN, eGFR, CKD, IgAN, KSD) and four GIT diseases (PUD, GORD, IBD, IBS).
Results: Renal traits and GIT diseases were widely genetically correlated globally and locally across eight of 20 trait pairs (BUN-GORD, BUN-IBD, BUN-IBS, CKD-IBD, IgAN-IBD, KSD-PUD, KSD-GORD, KSD-IBS). Pleiotropic analysis identified 222 pleiotropic loci and prioritized 169 pleiotropic genes for 20 trait pairs, including 21 novel loci that were not significant in the original GWASs, 21 colocalized loci, as well as 29 drug-targeting genes. Among the novel loci, rs3129861 in HLA-DRA gene was potentially causal for BUN-GORD (PP4 = 0.814). KIF5B is a causal gene for eGFR-IBD and CKD-IBD trait pairs, colocalized by rs12572072 (PP4 = 0.929) and rs61844306 (PP4 = 0.898), both of which are significant eQTLs of KIF5B expressed in cultured fibroblasts cells. CKD and IBD were also colocalized in PVALEF with PP4 = 0.800 for rs138610699. In addition, rs6873866 was identified as a shared casual variant in ERAP2 by IgAN and IBD with PP4=0.800, and rs6873866-C allele was negatively associated with ERAP2 expression in multiple tissues. Furthermore, tissue and cell-type specific enrichment analysis found that pleiotropic loci were over-expressed in the kidney cortex, immune-related tissues and cell types. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed IgAN was negatively associated with IBD, and nominal significant effects were observed for IgAN on IBS, PUD and GORD on eGFR.
Conclusion: These findings suggested the shared genetic architecture between renal traits and GIT diseases, and highlighted the potential of pleiotropic analyses in drug repurposing for comorbidities of diseases in the gut-renal axis.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on CAF-Related Genes: Unveiling the Role of COX6A1 in Cancer Progression and CAF Infiltration
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Li Bo , Qin Lexin , Liang Tingting , Hu Wentao , Li Jianxiang , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents significant challenges in early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Recent research has focused on the role of the tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in tumor progression. This study systematically analyzed CAF immune infiltration-related genes to construct a prognostic model for LUAD, confirming its predictive value for patient outcomes. The risk score derived from CAF-related genes (CAFRGs) was negatively correlated with immune microenvironment scores and linked to the expression of immune checkpoint genes, indicating that high-risk patients may exhibit immune escape characteristics. Analysis via the TIDE tool revealed that low-risk patients had more active T-cell immune responses. The risk score also correlated with anti-tumor drug sensitivity, particularly to doramapimod. Notably, COX6A1 emerged as a key gene in the model, with its upregulation associated with immune cell infiltration and immune escape. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that COX6A1 regulates LUAD cell migration, proliferation, and senescence, suggesting its role in tumor immune evasion. Additionally, further co-culture studies of lung cancer cells and fibroblasts revealed that COX6A1 knockdown promotes the expression of CAF-related cytokines, enhancing CAF infiltration. Overall, this study provides a foundation for personalized treatment of LUAD and highlights COX6A1 as a promising therapeutic target within the tumor immune microenvironment, guiding future clinical research.
Prognostic significance of preoperative abdominal fat thickness for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shengqiang , Xu Longjie , Gao Dekang , Zhang Hongbo , Wei Shaohua
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of abdominal fat thickness (AFT) as a predictor of outcomes for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods: Between August 2016 and March 2023, we retrospectively gathered data on 148 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soocho-w University. We conducted a comparative analysis of laboratory results and radiological features between patients who developed postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and those who did not. To identify predictive factors, we employed both univariate and multivariate analytical methods.Furthermore,we conducted prognostic assessments for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), taking into account AFT and various patient-related factors.
Result: POPF developed in 46 patients (31.1%). AFT>74.2mm was associated with a risk of POPF, high body mass index (BMI), operation time and soft pancreatic texture. Patients with POPF were significantly more likely to have high BMI (>23.2 kg/m2),Intra-abdominal infection, and high AFT than patients without POPF. In the multivariate analysis, high AFT (OR,13.678;95% CI,1.848-101.236;p=0.01) was the sole independent predictive factor for POPF. Compared with PDAC patients with low AFT values, high AFT patients showed significantly worse OS (HR,2.646; 95% CI, 1.516,4.618;p =0.001) and RFS (HR, 3.612; 95% CI, 1.949,6.693; p <0.001).
Conclusion: Patients who have experienced POPF have been shown to exhibit a high correlation with AFT. Among the various parameters examined, AFT has emerged as an independent predictive factor for clinically significant POPF. Additionally,our cohort study showed that AFT was associated with poor clinical outcomes in PDAC patients following surgical resection.
Fetal Gestational Age Estimation Using AI on Simple Ultrasound Images and Video
Authors: Benson Martin , Walton Sacha , Hartley Tom , Meagher Simon , Seshadri Suresh , Sleep Nicholas , Papageorghiou Aris T
Published: January 2025

Background
Accurate gestational age (GA) estimation is essential for prenatal care, guiding fetal growth assessment and medical interventions. Ultrasound-based biometric measurements, though more reliable than last menstrual period, require high sonographic expertise and are time-consuming, posing challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that estimates GA from any fetal ultrasound images regardless of orientation or standard plane, reducing reliance on sonographic skill, to increase accessibility.
Methods:
We trained a deep learning model on a large, diverse dataset of over 2 million ultrasound images from three continents (Australia, India, and the UK). The model was trained to estimate GA from ultrasound images without requiring specific biometric planes or measurements. It outputs a GA estimate alongside an uncertainty level, based on image quality and type. Validation was performed using independent datasets of ultrasound images and videos, with comparison against standard biometric measurements across all trimesters.
Findings:
The AI model consistently produced GA estimates that were at least as accurate as those derived from traditional biometry, with a mean absolute error (MAE) significantly lower than biometry in the second trimester (p < 0.001) and comparable in the third trimester. Subanalysis by country and maternal BMI demonstrated the model's robustness across different sub-populations. The model also accurately estimated GA on video datasets, producing a confident estimate after a median of 24 seconds of video.
Interpretation:
This AI-based GA estimation method, trained from retrospective clinical data, is at least accurate and gold-standard fetal biometry. By significantly reducing the skill level required by sonologists, this approach holds potential to improve prenatal care in resource-limited settings and democratize access to ultrasound-based GA estimation globally.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cell-Free DNA Blood-Based Tests in Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Prabhat , Kharel Archana , Bhagat Umesh , Hudgi Amit , Randhawa Navkiran , Cheema Asfand Yar , Moazzami Bobak , Mohan Babu , Srid Subbaramiah , Sifuentes Humberto
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screenings have significantly reduced mortality rate. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) blood-based tests have emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic modality showing potential for higher compliance and earlier detection rate. This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA blood-based test for detecting CRC.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane up to May 2024. Studies assessing cfDNA tests for CRC screening were included. Sensitivity, specificity, true positive (TP), and true negative (TN) values were extracted and pooled using a random effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics.
Results
Sixteen studies, involving 15,591 participants, were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75–0.86) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) indicated high diagnostic accuracy. Positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 12.104 (95% CI: 7.044–20.798), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.201 (95% CI: 0.148–0.274), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 60.173 (95% CI: 30.268–119.622).
Conclusion
The cfDNA assay shows high diagnostic accuracy for CRC screening. Future studies are needed to compare its performance to colonoscopy and assess its cost-effectiveness in reducing CRC-related mortality.
Electrical Tuning of Optical Stark Effect in Monolayer WS2
Authors: Liu Haiyun , Zhang Xiu , Qin Ting-Xiao , Zhu Junzhi , Huang Haiyun , Zhang Mengdi , Xiang Baixu , Xiong Qihua
Published: January 2025

Upon excitation by a strong coherent light field, photon-dressed states form and hybridize with equilibrium states, leading to transient band renormalization, a phenomenon known as the optical Stark effect (OSE). It offers a compelling approach to engineer the electronic structure, valley degeneracy and non-equilibrium topological properties on ultrafast timescales. Extensive research has been conducted on the optical control of the OSE by modulating the optical pump fluence, detuning energy and polarization. Herein, we present the electrical tuning of valley-selective OSE in a back-gated monolayer WS2 device using helicity-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). Our results reveal a linear relationship between the OSE-induced blue shift and gate voltage with a slope of -0.07 meV/V. The mechanism involves the enhanced transition dipole moment as the device approaches charge neutrality through the photoinjected hole density. In addition, the exciton oscillator strength is found to scale linearly with the OSE-induced blue shift, under the conditions of fixed pump fluence and photon energy. Our study demonstrates the electrical tuning as an additional degree of freedom for Floquet engineering, and offering profound insights into coherent light-matter interaction in 2D materials.
Women Economic Rights in the Face of Climate Change in Uganda; A Case of Central and Western Uganda
Authors: Mukasa Comfort Hajra , Wamalwa Rose Nyarotso , Atieno Rosemary , Diefendorf Sarah , McCarty Elaine , Tigaiza Arnold , Businge Godliver
Published: January 2025

Background
Women's economic rights are pivotal for achieving gender equality and sustainable development. Despite global advancements, women in developing countries, particularly in Uganda, continue to face significant hurdles due to socio-cultural norms, legal barriers, and more recently climate change. In Uganda, efforts have been made to enhance gender equality, but their impact is limited, especially in rural districts. This study focused on selected districts to evaluate the status of women's economic rights, exploring the challenges and facilitators within the context of climate change.
Objective
To assess the status of women’s economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts, identifying the barriers and facilitators affecting these rights, and evaluating the impact of climate change on their economic empowerment.
Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional mixed-method approach in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts of Uganda, among 291 grassroots women aged 18 years and above engaged in agriculture and other ventures. A digitized semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the variables and inferential statistics, to explore relationships between independent variables and women’s economic rights using Stata version 15 software. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to provide insights into the contextual factors influencing women's economic rights.
Results
Of the 214 women in the study, 66.8% were aged 25–44, and 43% had attained secondary education. Nearly all (98.6%) engaged in income-generating activities, mainly farming (64%) and business/trade (26.5%). About 28.8% earned 300,000 Uganda shillings or more monthly, with 76.4% spending on school fees, 81.6% on health, and 50.5% on food. While 68.2% had access to land, only 33.6% legally owned it. Financial services were accessible to 86%, with 72.6% using loans and 40.2% having applied for one. Approximately 68% always participated in household income decisions. Close to half (47.7%) scored moderately on economic rights, and over 93% observed weather changes, such as decreased rainfall (69.9%) and increased droughts (63.8%), leading to reduced crop yields (76.8%) and crop damage (75.8%). Respondents adopted strategies like income diversification (42.6%), saving groups (31.6%), irrigation (30.6%), and crop diversification (29.2%).
Strategi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di SDN Cigugur Tengah Mandiri 2
Authors: Sapitri Riris , Agus Purwanto Nurtanio
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi kepemimpinan yang diterapkan oleh Kepala SDN Cigugur Tengah Mandiri 2 dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, terutama dalam pengembangan karakter dan prestasi akademik. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan wawancara mendalam bersama kepala sekolah dan observasi aktivitas sekolah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategi kepemimpinan partisipatif, seperti melibatkan guru, staf, dan orang tua dalam merancang dan melaksanakan program, memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu sekolah. Program utama mencakup kegiatan pembentukan karakter rutin, Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5), dan partisipasi siswa dalam berbagai lomba. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui rapat bulanan dan observasi. Studi ini berkontribusi pada teori dan praktik manajemen pendidikan, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan strategi kepemimpinan guna mencapai hasil serupa di sekolah lain.
Closed-channel parameters of Feshbach resonances
Authors: Naidon Pascal
Published: January 2025

This work investigates how the closed channel of a Feshbach resonance is characterised by experimental observables. Surprisingly, it is found that the two-body observables associated with the Feshbach resonance can be insensitive to the properties of the closed channel. In particular, it is impossible in this situation to determine the energy of the bound state causing the resonance from the usual experimental data. This is the case for all magnetic Feshbach resonances in ultracold atoms, due to their deep two-body interaction potentials. This insensitivity highlights a major difference with Feshbach resonances that involve shallow interaction potentials, such as hadron resonances. It appears however that short-range two-body correlations and three-body observables are affected by a parameter of the closed channel called the “closed-channel scattering length”. A photoassociation experiment is proposed to measure this parameter in ultracold atom systems.
The role of educational institutions in transformations to achieve sustainable development
Authors: Kurylo Olha , Kryvylova Olena , Zhyhir Viktoriia , Peregudova Valentyna , Bielova-Oleynik Yuliia , Onyshchenko Serhii , Revutska Olena
Published: January 2025

The study aims to assess the role of educational institutions in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) during wartime in Ukraine. The focus is on the education sector, namely, adapting educational strategies to contemporary challenges. The paper employs a content analysis of information published by ten leading pedagogical universities in Ukraine to assess their success in implementing sustainable development goals. Special attention is given to such sustainable development goals as quality education (SDG 4), gender equality (SDG 5), sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11), peace and justice (SDG 16), and partnerships for the goals (SDG 17). University strategies and publication activity on addressing global sustainable development challenges in the Scopus database were analyzed. The research results demonstrate the variability of university development strategies, which determines their uneven focus on certain aspects of sustainable development. The results highlight the need to improve management strategies, integrate sustainable development principles into educational programs, and strengthen international partnerships. Finally, the study offers recommendations for further adaptation of educational institutions to changing conditions to ensure the sustainable development of Ukrainian society.
Improving Students' Learning Motivation Through Differentiation Learning Based on Cooperative Learning
Authors: Akhnah Al Manunal , Ririn Masrikah  , Nugroho Kartijono
Published: January 2025

In the 21st century, education focuses on maximizing students' potential to face current global challenges. Therefore, appropriate learning strategies, including differentiated instruction, are needed to meet these demands. This study aims to determine the increase in students' motivation to learn biology after implementing differentiated instruction. This study is a classroom action research. The subjects of this research are 36 eleventh-grade students. The object of this research is the student's motivation to learn biology after participating in differentiated instruction based on Cooperative Learning. The questionnaire is the data collection method used to gather information on students' motivation to learn biology. The data analysis technique used in this classroom action research is descriptive quantitative analysis. The study's results proved an increase in learning motivation, as indicated by the questionnaire analysis results showing 82.14% in the first cycle and 86.57% in the second. Thus, these results indicate that the implementation of differentiated instruction based on Cooperative Learning can increase the learning motivation of eleventh-grade students at SMA N 4 Semarang in the coordination system material
Impact of digital tools on the efficiency and effectiveness of public authorities
Authors:   HSE University, Larichev Aleksandr A. , Tagiev Elvin S. ,   HSE University
Published: January 2025

In recent decades, digital tools have become widespread, which began to be used in the implementation of powers by public authorities. The article attempted to show a direct connection between the introduction of digitalization elements into public administration and the efficiency and effectiveness of public authorities. A separate role is assigned to the legal regulation of efficiency and effectiveness associated with artificial intelligence. The main goal of the research is to analyze the impact of digital instruments on ensuring the effectiveness of public power, to consider examples of digital mechanisms that are used by public authorities both in Russia and in foreign countries (on the example of members of BRICS). The objectives of the study include identifying the specifics of digital tools that are provided for by regulations and the problems of their application in the context of country experience. In addition, one of the main tasks is to attempt to differentiate the concept of “efficiency” and “effectiveness” of public power and identify differences between the concepts under consideration. Efficiency and effectiveness in the study is considered through the analysis of Russian regulatory legal acts, as well as acts of foreign jurisdictions. The article provides examples that show a direct and direct connection between the introduction of digital tools into the activities of public authorities and its efficiency and effectiveness. The authors believe it is necessary to solve both conceptual and practical problems in distinguishing between two components of the quality of public authority performance in the system of legal regulation, including in the context of the introduction of digital technologies.
Operational control in the system of state control (supervision): Implementation problems and ways to improve efficiency
Authors:   Federal Tax Service of Russia, Batarin Aleksei A. ,   Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the regulatory and legal framework for operational control carried out by tax authorities to ensure compliance with the obligation to use cash registers, in the context of the introduction of this type of control into the sphere of state control legislation. Based on practical experience, the author identifies problems in law enforcement and states a decrease in the effectiveness of operational control within the context of a new legal framework characterized by an unmeasurable liberalization of legislation, including administrative offense legislation. The non-compliance with the principle of checks and balances within the design of legal norms has led to a decline in discipline, as confirmed by statistics from the Federal Tax Service of Russia. As a result, the tax authorities today lack the authority to respond promptly to violations (they cannot initiate an administrative offence case without a control event with a controlled person, even if they have evidence and mandatory prevention, and they cannot impose a warning for the first time, regardless of the damage). The reduced size of the sanctions raises questions about achieving the goal of administrative punishment. The author consistently points out logical inconsistencies in current legal regulations, as well as excessive bureaucratization of control procedures, which runs counter to the aims of the reform of control and supervision activities. He suggests ways to improve the effectiveness of operational controls, including specific amendments to Federal legislation. In addition, the article draws attention to the need to change the conceptual approach to operational control and incorporate it into the sphere of tax legislation regulation, which corresponds to its essential purpose — controlling the formation of a taxpayer’s tax basis through the use of cash registers. Hence, operational control is a state tool for ensuring tax security, and appropriate legal regulations should address such a goal.