bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms and psychiatric profiles in young adults with unipolar depressive disorders
Authors: Robillard Rébecca , Carpenter Joanne S. , Rogers Naomi L. , Fares Sarah , Grierson Ashlee B. , Hermens Daniel F. , Naismith Sharon L. , Mullin Sharon J. , Feilds Kristy-Lee , Glozier Nick , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hickie Ian B.
Published: October 2018

Abnormalities in circadian rhythms have been reported in people with mood disorders, but these abnormalities are marked by considerable inter-individual variability. This study aimed to identify pathophysiological subgroups on the basis of circadian markers and evaluate how these subgroups relate to psychiatric profiles. Thirty-five young adults (18–31 years old) receiving clinical care for unipolar depressive disorders and 15 healthy controls took part to this study. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Young Mania rating scale were used to evaluate the severity of mood symptoms in participants with depressive disorders. All participant underwent ambulatory sleep monitoring with actigraphy for about 12 days before attending a laboratory-based chronobiological assessment which included repeated salivary samples to determine dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and continuous core body temperature (CBT) monitoring using an ingestible temperature sensor. Cluster analyses were conducted across all participants to identify subgroups with consistent circadian timing profiles based on DLMO and the nocturnal minima of CBT. Two clusters were identified: ‘delayed’ and ‘conventional timing’ circadian phase. Descriptive analyses showed that the delayed cluster was characterised by abnormal time relationships between circadian phase markers and the sleep–wake cycle. Importantly, individuals from the delayed cluster had worse depression severity (t(28) = −2.7, p = 0.011) and hypomanic symptoms (Z = −2.2, p = 0.041) than their peers with conventional circadian timing. These findings suggest that delayed and disorganised circadian rhythms may be linked to worse psychiatric profiles in young people with depressive disorders.
Synthetic lethality between HER2 and transaldolase in intrinsically resistant HER2-positive breast cancers
Authors: Ding Yi , Gong Chang , Huang De , Chen Rui , Sui Pinpin , Lin Kevin H. , Liang Gehao , Yuan Lifeng , Xiang Handan , Chen Junying , Yin Tao , Alexander Peter B. , Wang Qian-Fei , Song Er-Wei , Li Qi-Jing , Wood Kris C. , Wang Xiao-Fan
Published: October 2018

Intrinsic resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer remains an obstacle in the clinic, limiting its efficacy. However, the biological basis for intrinsic resistance is poorly understood. Here we performed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss-of-function genetic profiling and identified TALDO1, which encodes the rate-limiting transaldolase (TA) enzyme in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, as essential for cellular survival following pharmacological HER2 blockade. Suppression of TA increases cell susceptibility to HER2 inhibition in two intrinsically resistant breast cancer cell lines with HER2 amplification. Mechanistically, TA depletion combined with HER2 inhibition significantly reduces cellular NADPH levels, resulting in excessive ROS production and deficient lipid and nucleotide synthesis. Importantly, higher TA expression correlates with poor response to HER2 inhibition in a breast cancer patient cohort. Together, these results pinpoint TA as a novel metabolic enzyme possessing synthetic lethality with HER2 inhibition that can potentially be exploited as a biomarker or target for combination therapy.
A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate redistribution-based sensing mechanism initiates a phagocytosis programing
Authors: Mu Libing , Tu Zhongyuan , Miao Lin , Ruan Hefei , Kang Ning , Hei Yongzhen , Chen Jiahuan , Wei Wei , Gong Fangling , Wang Bingjie , Du Yanan , Ma Guanghui , Amerein Matthias W. , Xia Tie , Shi Yan
Published: October 2018

Phagocytosis is one of the earliest cellular functions, developing approximately 2 billion years ago. Although FcR-based phagocytic signaling is well-studied, how it originated from ancient phagocytosis is unknown. Lipid redistribution upregulates a phagocytic program recapitulating FcR-based phagocytosis with complete dependence on Src family kinases, Syk, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Here we show that in phagocytes, an atypical ITAM sequence in the ancient membrane anchor protein Moesin transduces signal without receptor activation. Plasma membrane deformation created by solid structure binding generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) accumulation at the contact site, which binds the Moesin FERM domain and relocalizes Syk to the membrane via the ITAM motif. Phylogenic analysis traces this signaling using PI3K and Syk to 0.8 billion years ago, earlier than immune receptor signaling. The proposed general model of solid structure phagocytosis implies a preexisting lipid redistribution-based activation platform collecting intracellular signaling components for the emergence of immune receptors.
Accuracy of a Nutrient Database in Estimating the Dietary Phosphorus-to-Protein Ratio and Using a Boiling Method in Low-Phosphate Hospital Diets
Authors: Tsai Wan-Chuan , Peng Yu-Sen , Wu Hon-Yen , Hsu Shih-Ping , Chiu Yen-Ling , Liu Lie-Chuan , Tsai Shu-Min , Chien Kuo-Liong
Published: October 2018

The use of the dietary phosphorus-to-protein ratio (PPR) to reduce dietary phosphorus while maintaining protein intake is valuable for nutritional management in the dialysis population, but the actual PPR values in hospital meals have not been determined. We aimed to determine the accuracy of a nutrient database for estimating the PPR in low-phosphate hospital diets compared with the accuracy of chemical analysis and produce hospital diets with low-phosphate content by boiling meat for 30 minutes before cooking. The phosphorus and protein content of 26 cooked dishes selected from the hospital menu was estimated using a food composition table (FCT) and sent for chemical analysis. Comparisons of FCT-based estimated values with measured values for every 100 g of tested foods revealed an overestimation for the PPR both in plant-based dishes (mean difference ± SD, 4.1 ± 14.6 mg/g, P = 0.06), and in meats (2.1 ± 2.3 mg/g, P = 0.06). By boiling meats, we crafted diets with PPR as low as 8 mg/g. Caution should be exercised in estimating the PPR using a FCT in hospital diets and boiling should be used to prepare hospital meals. Such diets will be promoted for dialysis patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Single sarcomere contraction dynamics in a whole muscle
Authors: Moo Eng Kuan , Herzog Walter
Published: October 2018

The instantaneous sarcomere length (SL) is regarded as an important indicator of the functional properties of striated muscle. Previously, we found greater sarcomere elongations at the distal end compared to the mid-portion in the mouse tibialis anterior (TA) when the muscle was stretched passively. Here, we wanted to see if SL dispersions increase with activation, as has been observed in single myofibrils, and if SL dispersions differ for different locations in a muscle. Sarcomere lengths were measured at a mid- and a distal location of the TA in live mice using second harmonic generation imaging. Muscle force was measured using a tendon force transducer. We found that SL dispersions increased substantially from the passive to the active state, and were the same for the mid- and distal portions of TA. Sarcomere length non-uniformities within a segment of ~30 serial sarcomeres were up to 1.0 µm. We conclude from these findings that passive, mean SLs obtained from a single location are not necessarily representative of the distribution of SL in active muscle, and thus may be misinterpreted when deriving muscle mechanical properties, such as the force-length relationship. In view of these findings, it seems crucial to determine how SL distributions within a muscle relate to the most fundamental properties of muscle, such as the maximal isometric force.
Si nanoflake-assembled blocks towards high initial coulombic efficiency anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Ren Yongpeng , Yang Juan , Ding Jing , Zhang Jiaming , Hu Tingjie , Tang Jingjing
Published: October 2018

The initial coulombic efficiency of Si anodes is effectively improved via a Cu assisted Mg reduction.
The growth and fluorescence of phthalocyanine monolayers, thin films and multilayers on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Alkhamisi Manal , Korolkov Vladimir V. , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Kerfoot James , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Besley Nicholas A. , Besley Elena , Beton Peter H.
Published: October 2018

Free-base phthalocyanine forms distinct interfacial phases and thin films on hexagonal boron nitride including a monolayer arrangement as determined using high resolution atomic force microscopy.
Rationally tuning the atomic ratio of electrodeposited NiP for greatly enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Liu Qian , Tang Chun , Lu Shiyu , Zou Zhuo , Gu Shuang , Zhang Yuhuan , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2018

Tuning the atomic ratio of an electrodeposited NixPy alloy toward a greatly enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.
Surface oxygen-containing defects of graphene nanosheets with tunable nonlinear optical absorption and refraction
Authors: Zhu Baohua , Wang Fangfang , Li Peng , Wang Chong , Gu Yuzong
Published: October 2018

Nonlinear optical response of graphene is weakened whether surface oxygen-containing content is too large or too small.
Third generation antibody discovery methods:in silicorational design
Authors: Sormanni Pietro , Aprile Francesco A. , Vendruscolo Michele
Published: October 2018

Computational antibody design can now consider the complex biophysics of antibodies and the stringent requirements of therapeutic applications.
Local environment of arsenic in sulfide minerals: insights from high-resolution X-ray spectroscopies, and first-principles calculations at the As K-edge
Authors: Pierre Le Pape , Marc Blanchard , Amélie Juhin , Jean-Pascal Rueff , Manoj Ducher , Guillaume Morin , Delphine Cabaret
Published: October 2018

To improve our knowledge of arsenic local environment in sulfide minerals, Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) maps and High-Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected (HERFD) XANES measurements are performed at the As K-edge. In addition, the spectra are compared to XANES modelled through first-principles calculations.
Seamless interconnections of sp2-bonded carbon nanostructures via the crystallization of a bridging amorphous carbon joint
Authors: Zhao Longze , Cheng Yong , Zhang Qiaobao , Wang Ming-Sheng
Published: October 2018

Two multiwalled carbon nanotubes are seamlessly joined via the crystallization of an amorphous carbon joint using a transmission electron microscope.
Preparation of a novel injectable in situ-gelling nanoparticle with applications in controlled protein release and cancer cell entrapment
Authors: Khang Min Kyung , Zhou Jun , Huang Yihui , Hakamivala Amirhossein , Tang Liping
Published: October 2018

At body temperature, thermosensitive nanoparticles release erythropoietin to lure metastatic cancer cells.
Terahertz short-range mobilities in neat and intermixed regions of polymer:fullerene blends with controlled phase morphology
Authors: Krauspe Philipp , Tsokkou Demetra , Causa' Martina , Buchaca-Domingo Ester , Fei Zhuping , Heeney Martin , Stingelin Natalie , Banerji Natalie
Published: October 2018

Terahertz spectroscopy unravels the inner working principles of polymer:fullerene blend organic semiconductors with regard to their solar cell performance.
Mimicry and functions of photosynthetic reaction centers
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Lee Yong-Min , Nam Wonwoo
Published: October 2018

The structure and function of photosynthetic reaction centers (PRCs) have been modeled by designing and synthesizing electron donor–acceptor ensembles including electron mediators, which can mimic multi-step photoinduced charge separation occurring in PRCs to obtain long-lived charge-separated states. PRCs in photosystem I (PSI) or/and photosystem II (PSII) have been utilized as components of solar cells to convert solar energy to electric energy. Biohybrid photoelectrochemical cells composed of PSII have also been developed for solar-driven water splitting into H2 and O2. Such a strategy to bridge natural photosynthesis with artificial photosynthesis is discussed in this minireview.
Data‐driven multi‐time scale robust scheduling framework of hydrothermal power system considering cascade hydropower station and wind penetration
Authors: Hou Wenting , Wei Hua , Zhu Rujie
Published: October 2018

A data‐driven multi‐time scale robust scheduling model for a wind–hydro–thermal power system is presented in this study, according to the characteristic that wind power prediction accuracy increases with the decrease of the time scale. In day‐ahead scheduling, a generation plan is formulated with the target of minimising the total operating cost, and a data‐driven robust optimisation method based on the robust kernel density estimation (RKDE) is employed to deal with the uncertainty of wind power. That is, the distributional information of wind power is extracted by the RKDE from the big data, then the distributional information is incorporated into a data‐driven uncertainty set, and finally, a robust optimisation model is formed. During the intraday scheduling stage, the objective is to minimise the total water spillage in cascade hydropower stations and the adjustment cost of thermal units, and the task is to readjust the outputs of units based on the base outputs obtained by the day‐ahead scheduling, combined with the rolling forecast data of wind power and load. The real‐time scheduling is aimed at satisfying the power balance with minimum power adjustment. Finally, a test system is carried out to verify the efficiency and practicability of the proposed framework.
Data‐driven affinely adjustable distributionally robust framework for unit commitment based on Wasserstein metric
Authors: Hou Wenting , Zhu Rujie , Wei Hua , TranHoang Hiep
Published: October 2018

This study proposes a data‐driven distributionally robust framework for unit commitment based on Wasserstein metric considering the wind power generation forecasting errors. The objective of the constructed model is to minimise the expected operating cost, including the generating cost, start‐up and shut‐down costs, and also the reserve cost, which overcomes the shortcomings of the conventional model without optimising the reserve capacity. What is more important, different from the conventional robust optimisation methods, wind power big data is fully utilised in this model to construct the ambiguity set without any presumption about its probability distribution. This is realised by Wasserstein ball with an empirical distribution as the centre. Thus, the proposed robust model is actually data‐driven and can immunise the solutions against the worst‐case distribution in the ambiguity set. In addition, the scale of the historical data is very critical for this method, the larger the scale is, the smaller the ambiguity set is and the less conservative the result is. Numerical results and Monte Carlo simulations on a real 75‐bus system demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.
Deriving the Hubble constant usingPlanckandXMM-Newtonobservations of galaxy clusters
Authors: Kozmanyan Arpine , Bourdin Hervé , Mazzotta Pasquale , Rasia Elena , Sereno Mauro
Published: October 2018

The possibility of determining the value of the Hubble constant using observations of galaxy clusters in X-ray and microwave wavelengths through the Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) effect has long been known. Previous measurements have been plagued by relatively large errors in the observational data and severe biases induced, for example, by cluster triaxiality and clumpiness. The advent ofPlanckallows us to map the Compton parametery, that is, the amplitude of the SZ effect, with unprecedented accuracy at intermediate cluster-centric radii, which in turn allows performing a detailed spatially resolved comparison with X-ray measurements. Given such higher quality observational data, we developed a Bayesian approach that combines informed priors on the physics of the intracluster medium obtained from hydrodynamical simulations of massive clusters with measurement uncertainties. We applied our method to a sample of 61 galaxy clusters with redshifts up toz <  0.5 observed withPlanckandXMM-Newtonand findH0 = 67 ± 3 km s−1Mpc−1.
Pflegereformen: DKG fordert erhebliche Korrekturen – und warnt
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2018

Seit der Lobbyverband der Krankenhäuser die Verhandlungen über Personaluntergrenzen in der Pflege platzen ließ, ist er bei diesem Thema in der Defensive. Von allen Seiten prasselt die Kritik. Die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft hingegen beklagt einen „Schnellschuss“ von Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn und fordert gesetzliche Änderungen. Sonst würden noch mehr Kliniken in Schieflage geraten.
Nachruf zum Tod von Michael Philippi
Authors: Lemke Thomas
Published: October 2018

Auf die meisten Ereignisse im Berufsleben kann man sich bestens vorbereiten. Es gibt einen Plan A und mindestens einen Plan B. Es gibt „Exitstrategien“, die ergriffen und Szenarien, die bewertet werden können. Manageralltag, könnte man sagen.
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: October 2018

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken*Quelle: elektronischer Bundesanzeiger und Geschäftsberichte
Hamek–Kongress für Medizin- und Krankenhaustechnik: Klinikprozesse und -abläufe auf dem Prüfstand der digitalen Vernetzung
Authors: Hofmann-Rinker Monika
Published: October 2018

Entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für das Digitale Krankenhaus ist nicht das generelle Vorhandensein digitaler Daten, sondern deren zuverlässige Verfügbarkeit für alle in der Behandlungskette anstehenden Prozesse. Nur das Sammeln von Daten ohne intelligente Datenstrukturen sorgt lediglich für Mehraufwand bei der IT-Sicherheit – nicht aber für effiziente Abläufe.
Elektronische Schliessanlagen: Finger, Handy, PIN
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2018

Elektronische Schließanlagen befinden sich in Krankenhäusern auf dem Vormarsch. Sebastian Brose von der VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH äußert sich zu praktischen Fragen, zur Sicherheit und zu den neuen Möglichkeiten, die elektronische Schlüssel bieten.
Klinikum Braunschweig: „Wir wollen unsere Marke stärker in der Bevölkerung verankern“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: October 2018

Raimar Goldschmidt ist Chief Digital Officer (CDO) des Klinikums Braunschweig und sein Chef erwartet viel von ihm. Goldschmidt soll die Vernetzung mit den Patienten vorantreiben, den zweiten Gesundheitsmarkt erobern und medizinische Dienstleistungen für die Mitarbeiter von Großunternehmen entwickeln.
WGKT-International: Iranreise 2018
Authors: Banedj-Schafii Mandana
Published: October 2018

Vom 6. bis 12. Mai 2018 hat unsere WGKT-Iranreise stattgefunden. Zunächst gab es eine sehr große Nachfrage, die dann jedoch mit den Ankündigungen neuer US-Sanktionen Zurückhaltung erfuhr. Nichts desto trotz fand unsere Reise ganz nach dem Persischen Sprichwort statt: „Wer die Rose will, darf die Dornen nicht fürchten“.
The Unparalleled Benign Odontogenic Tumor : Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma-A Case Report
Authors: Bajaj Puneet , Garg Deepti , Sabharwal Robin , Joshi Sonia , Sharma Ruchi
Published: October 2018

Peripheral odontogenic fIbroma (POF) is a rare odontogenic tumor. It resembles clinically with other peripheral exophytic lesions like pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Hence, needs to be differentiated from such other lesions. Histopathological examination being the only diagnostic approach for peripheral odontogenic fibroma, which can provide a basis for treatment and prognosis evaluation. This case report presents a rare clinical case of a 14-year-old female patient with a palatal overgrowth along the maxillary incisors, which was diagnosed as peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
Patellar Maltracking as a Cause of Lameness in Two Dachshunds
Authors: Treharne David , Burton Neil
Published: October 2018

Two Dachshunds were presented for the complaint of intermittent unilateral pelvic limb skipping lameness. Clinical examination and radiographs did not reveal any abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed changes in the femoropatellar joint space in both dogs and surgical evaluation revealed femoral trochlear and patellar cartilage loss. Patellar maltracking without patellar luxation or instability was diagnosed. Patellar maltracking should be included as a differential diagnosis for pelvic limb lameness in this breed.
Fetal Congenital Peripheral Bronchial Atresia Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Two Case Reports
Authors: Kozaki Mitsuru , Iraha Yuko , Masamoto Hitoshi , Nitta Hayase , Chinen Yukiko , Kinjo Tadatsugu , Mekaru Keiko , Aoki Yoichi
Published: October 2018

Two types of congenital bronchial atresia (proximal and peripheral) have been classified. We report two cases of peripheral bronchial atresia diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Evaluating an enlarged lung mass that is homogeneously hyperechoic on US and hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI can help in determining whether bronchial atresia is present. Proximal type is suggested when a dilated main bronchus is observed as a tubule structure of an involved lung hilum. In our cases, T2-weighted MRI revealed homogeneously hyperintense lung lesion with decreased signal intensity of adjacent lobe, flattening diaphragm, and mediastinal shift. Dilatation of the main bronchus was not observed and the opposite lung was normal in appearance. These findings were explained by secondary compression due to enlargement of the involved lung. The preservation of vascular structure and the retained normal shape, though enlarged, in the affected lobe were observed, which demonstrated undisrupted pulmonary architecture of the lobe. Thus, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation was excluded because pulmonary architecture was relatively preserved. Finally, presumed diagnoses of the peripheral bronchial atresia were made and confirmed by postnatal chest computed tomography.
Impact of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch on Survival after Mitral Valve Replacement: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Hwang Ho-Young , Sohn Suk-Ho , Jang Myoung-jin
Published: October 2018

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated a negative impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) on long-term clinical outcomes after aortic valve replacement. However, the impact of PPM after mitral valve replacement (MVR) on clinical outcomes is still controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of PPM on early and long-term survival after MVR.

Methods A literature search of five databases was performed. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and early mortality, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the risk of bias, patients' age, proportion of female patients, and proportion of patients with mechanical MVR.

Results Eleven nonrandomized studies including 8,072 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall incidence of PPM was 58.0% (range: 10.4–85.9%). The odds ratio of early mortality in nine studies was not significantly different between the PPM and non-PPM patients (odds ratio: 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.86). A pooled analysis in 11 studies demonstrated that all-cause mortality after MVR was higher in the PPM than non-PPM patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.09–1.77). This analysis revealed a moderate to high heterogeneity (I
2 = 69.4%). When pooled analyses were performed in two subgroups according to the proportion of patients with mechanical MVR, there were low heterogeneity in each group. No other subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant difference in the HR of all-cause mortality. Funnel plots and Egger's tests showed no visually and statistically significant publication bias.

Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that PPM negatively affects long-term survival after MVR.
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe: Wem nutzt die Positiv-Drucktherapie?
Authors: Netzer Nikolaus
Published: October 2018

Wie schon Serve HF (Servo-Ventilation for Central Sleep Apnoea in Heart Failure) (1) hat nun auch SAVE (Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints) (2) der Euphorie einen argen Dämpfer versetzt, die in den 90er Jahren und im ersten Jahrzehnt dieses Jahrhunderts die nichtinvasive positive Drucktherapie beflügelte unter dem Motto: CPAP hilft gegen kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Und dies, obwohl CPAP ganz klar den arteriellen Blutdruck gegenüber Auslassen der Therapie bei Schlafapnoe-Patienten auch in der SAVE-Studie senkte. Solche Ergebnisse sollten allerdings auch der Deutschen Hochdruckliga und den Kardiologen zu denken geben und nicht nur den Schlafmedizinern, denn es stellt sich ganz klar die Frage, ob ein leicht- bis mittelgradig erhöhter Blutdruck tatsächlich ein so starker Risikofaktor für Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall und Co. ist, wie es uns Glauben gemacht wird. Ganz klar ist jedoch auch: Bei den über 3000 überwiegend männlichen Patienten, die in SAVE über Jahre verfolgt wurden, verschwand mit den deutlich durch CPAP reduzierten Apnoen die Tagesmüdigkeit fast ganz, und damit verbesserte sich das subjektive Wohlbefinden der Patienten. Die Schlussfolgerung aus den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre ist, dass Schlafapnoe-Therapie individualisiert werden muss, wobei Senkung der Tagesmüdigkeit mehr denn je als Therapieziel im Vordergrund stehen sollte. Bei Patienten ohne Tagesmüdigkeit muss eine CPAP-Therapie kritisch überdacht werden.
Jahrestagung der ISSS erstmals in Deutschland: Chirurgische Verfahren gewinnen an Bedeutung bei der OSA
Authors: Heiser Clemens
Published: October 2018

Nächtliche Atemaussetzer wie sie bei der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) vorkommen, sind gefährlich und in den westlichen Industrieländern mit steigenden Tendenzzahlen zunehmend weit verbreitet. Standardtherapie ist das Tragen einer Maske, die einen positiven Luftdruck aufbaut und damit die oberen Atemwege schient. Millionen von Menschen leiden unter dieser Schlafstörung, und nicht jeder kommt mit dieser Maske gut zu Recht. Chirurgische Alternativen stellen eine Therapieoption dar und haben sich in den letzten Jahren auch deutlich weiterentwickelt. Über neueste Möglichkeiten in der Therapie und Diagnostik bei schlafbezogenen Atmungs-störungen – von Neurostimulation bis Schnarchgeräuschanalyse via App – tauschten sich vom 5.-7. April in München internationale Experten im Rahmen der weltweit bedeutendsten wissen-schaftlichen Tagung auf diesem Gebiet aus. Veranstaltet wurde die Tagung von der International Surgical Sleep Society (ISSS), welche erstmals in Deutschland gastierte.
Study of quasi-integrable and non-holonomic deformation of equations in the NLS and DNLS hierarchy
Authors: Abhinav Kumar , Guha Partha , Mukherjee Indranil
Published: October 2018

The hierarchy of equations belonging to two different but related integrable systems, the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) and its derivative variant the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS), is subjected to two distinct deformation procedures, viz., quasi-integrable deformation that generally does not preserve the integrability, with the system only asymptotically integrable, and non-holonomic deformation that does. Quasi-integrable deformation is carried out generically for the NLS hierarchy, while for the DNLS hierarchy, it is first done on the Kaup-Newell system followed by other members of the family. No quasi-integrable anomaly is observed at the level of equations of motion which suggests that at that level, the quasi-integrable deformation may be identified as some integrable deformation. Non-holonomic deformation is applied to the NLS hierarchy generally, with the specific focus on the NLS equation itself and on the coupled Korteweg-de Vries type NLS equation. For the DNLS hierarchy, the Kaup-Newell and Chen-Lee-Liu equations are deformed non-holonomically, and subsequently, different aspects of the results are discussed.
Testing a Cherenkov neutron time-of-flight detector on OMEGA
Authors: Glebov V. Yu. , Eckart M. J. , Forrest C. J. , Grim G. P. , Hartouni E. P. , Hatarik R. , Knauer J. P. , Moore A. S. , Regan S. P. , Sangster T. C. , Schlossberg D. J. , Stoeckl C.
Published: October 2018

A Cherenkov neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detector developed and constructed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was tested at 13 m from the target in a collimated line of sight (LOS) and at 5.3 m from the target in the open space inside the OMEGA Target Bay. Neutrons interacting with the quartz rod generate gammas, which through Compton scattering produce relativistic electrons that give rise to Cherenkov light. A photomultiplier tube (PMT) transferred the Cherenkov light into an amplified electrical signal. The Cherenkov nTOF detector consists of an 8-mm-diam, 25-cm quartz hexagonal prism coupled with a Hamamatsu gated PMT R5916U-52. The tests were performed with DT direct-drive implosions with cryogenic and room-temperature targets, producing a wide range of neutron yields and ion temperatures. The results of the tests and comparison with other nTOF detectors on OMEGA are presented. In the collimated LOS at 13 m from the target, the Cherenkov nTOF detector demonstrated good precision measurement in both the yield and ion temperature for DT yields above 3 × 1013.
A dinuclear Cu(i)-mediated complex: Theoretical studies of the G2Cu24+ cluster ion
Authors: Cao Guo-Jin
Published: October 2018

Recently, the T–Hg(ii)2–A base pair containing two equivalents of Hg(ii) has been prepared and characterized experimentally, which implies that there might exist considerable stable metal-mediated base pairs holding two neighbouring metal centers. Here we report a quantum chemical study on geometries, electronic structures, and bonding of various G2Cu24+ (G = guanine) isomers including one di-copper(i) unit. Different density functional methods [Becke 3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr, Perdew−Becke−Ernzerhof, Becke−Perdew, Density Functional Theory with Dispersion Corrections (DFT-D)] assign ambiguous relative energies to these isomers with the singlet and triplet states. High-level ab initio [domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) coupled-cluster with single and double excitations and DLPNO-coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations] calculations confirm that the lowest-lying isomer of the G2Cu24+ ion has C2h symmetry with the singlet state and is comparable to the singly and doubly charged homologues (G2Cu2+ and G2Cu22+). The extended transition state (ETS)-natural orbitals for the chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) calculations point out that it has larger instantaneous interaction energy and bond dissociation energy than the corresponding singly and doubly charged complexes due to its relatively stronger attractive energies and weaker Pauli repulsion. The orbital interactions in the quadruply charged cluster chiefly come from Cu24+ ← G⋯G π donations. The results may help the understanding of the bonding properties of other potential metal-base pair complexes with the electron transfer.
Characterizing the modulation transfer function for X-ray radiography in high energy density experiments
Authors: Gumbrell E. , McNaney J. M. , Huntington C. M. , Krygier A. G. , Park H.-S.
Published: October 2018

The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is an established means for characterizing imaging performance of X-ray radiography systems. We report on experiments using high energy, laser-driven X-ray radiography systems that assess performance using MTF values measured with the knife-edge projection method. The broadband, hard X-ray systems under study use line-projection imaging produced by narrowing the laser-generated X-ray source with a slit. We find that good contrast resolution can be achieved (the MTF = 0.5 at 75 μm wavelength) and that this performance is reproduced on different laser facilities. We also find that the MTF is sensitive both to the thickness of the line-projection slit and to the backing material thickness under the knife-edge. Both these sensitivities are due to a common mechanism, namely induced changes in the spectrally-averaged spatial widths of the X-ray source. The same line-projection system is also used on experimental campaigns measuring Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth by dynamically imaging sinusoidal, high Z micro-targets with wavelengths of 100 μm or less. By applying the measured MTF values to correct the ripple target contrast measurements, we can predict ripple growth to approximately 10% accuracy.
In situ relative self-dependent calibration of electron cyclotron emission imaging via shape matching
Authors: Han Dongqi , Xie Jinlin , Hussain Azam , Gao Bingxi , Qu Chengming , Liao Wang , Xu Xinhang , Gao Feixue , Li Hong , Lan Tao , Liu Adi , Zhuang Ge , Liu Wandong
Published: October 2018

Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) is a diagnostic system which measures 2-D electron temperature profiles with high spatial-temporal resolution. Usually only the normalized electron temperature fluctuations are utilized to investigate the magnetohydrodynamics modes due to the difficulties of ECEI calibration. In this paper, we developed a self-dependent calibration method for 24 × 16 channel high-resolution ECEI on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. The technique of shape matching is applied to solve for the matrix of the calibration coefficients. The calibrated area is further expanded to an occupation ratio of 88% observation area by utilizing the features of sawtooth crash. The result is self-consistent and consistent with calibrated 1D ECE measurement.
Modeling the one-dimensional imager of neutrons (ODIN) for neutron response functions at the Sandia Z facility
Authors: Vaughan J. D. , Ruiz C. L. , Fittinghoff D. , May M. J. , Ampleford D. J. , Cooper G. W. , Chandler G. A. , Hahn K. , Styron J. D. , McWatters B. R. , Torres J. , Maurer A. J. , Jones B.
Published: October 2018

The one-dimensional imager of neutrons (ODIN) at the Sandia Z facility consists of a 10-cm block of tungsten with rolled edges, creating a slit imager with slit widths of either 250, 500, or 750 μm. Designed with a 1-m neutron imaging line of sight, we achieve about 4:1 magnification and 500-μm axial spatial resolution. The baseline inertial confinement fusion concept at Sandia is magnetized liner inertial fusion, which nominally creates a 1-cm line source of neutrons. ODIN was designed to determine the size, shape, and location of the neutron producing region, furthering the understanding of compression quality along the cylindrical axis of magnetized liner implosions. Challenges include discriminating neutrons from hard x-rays and gammas with adequate signal-to-noise in the 2 × 1012 deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron yield range, as well as understanding the point spread function of the imager to various imaging detectors (namely, CR-39). Modeling efforts were conducted with MCNP6.1 to determine neutron response functions for varying configurations in a clean DD neutron environment (without x-rays or gammas). Configuration alterations that will be shown include rolled-edge slit orientation and slit width, affecting the resolution and response function. Finally, the experiment to determine CR-39 neutron sensitivity, with and without a high density polyethylene (n, p) converter, an edge spread function, and resolution will be discussed.
Beam phase retrieval based on higher order modes in cylindrical superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: Shi L. , Baboi N. , Jones R. M.
Published: October 2018

The control of beam phase relative to the accelerating RF field within a superconducting cavity is important in many accelerator applications and is of particular importance for a free electron laser facility. As standard practice, the phase is usually inferred from the beam-induced transient field with respect to a timing reference. We report here on an alternative and novel means of beam phase determination based on beam-excited higher order electromagnetic modes and the accelerating electromagnetic mode, which are conveniently available from the same coupler. The monopole modes are immune to the electron beam offset and therefore are best suited for the task. A coupled circuit model is used to assist the development and to rapidly assess the facility of the method. Simulations based on the circuit model indicate that the resolution of this system depends critically on the signal to noise ratio. Beam-based measurements with a test setup were carried out at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), Germany. Based on this new method, we have routinely obtained a resolution of 0.1°. The best resolution observed with the current setup was 0.03°. These results agree very well with the predictions from those predicted by a circuit model. The system investigated here can be used to provide diagnostic information for the current low level RF system employed in the European XFEL. To this end, the associated electronics are under development. This monitor is the first of its kind that can deliver direct and online measurements of the beam phase with respect to the RF field.
Flexible and wavelength-independent optical transmission for laser pointing stabilization and assembly error compensation
Authors: Imazawa R. , Ono T. , Hatae T. , Itami K.
Published: October 2018

A flexible light guide was developed for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) poloidal polarimeter which is a passive laser beam alignment and stabilization system for free-space propagation of a wide range of wavelengths. The advantages of using a flexible light guide are (1) to compensate the relative movement between the floor of a building and an optical table, (2) to negate assembly error of the optical transmission line, (3) to minimize the time required for assembly of the line and laser position alignment in a radiological environment, and (4) to transmit a wide wavelength range from visible to far-infrared. The authors fabricated a flexible light guide with an inner diameter of 120 mm and with a motion range of 10 cm. Pointing stability of the laser beam passing through the flexible light guide was less than 70 μrad when the support moved ±50 mm. A flexible light guide error of 70 μrad leads to a beam position displacement of 0.98 mm at a beam position steering mirror ITER poloidal polarimeter that is located 14 m from the flexible light guide. The achieved error is stable enough to guide the laser beam to its target in ITER.
Spiking neuron circuits using superconducting quantum phase-slip junctions
Authors: Cheng Ran , Goteti Uday S. , Hamilton Michael C.
Published: October 2018

Superconducting circuits that operate by propagation of small voltage or current pulses, corresponding to propagation of single flux or charge quantum, are naturally suited for implementing spiking neuron circuits. Quantum phase-slip junctions (QPSJs) are 1-D superconducting nanowires that have been identified as exact duals to Josephson junctions, based on charge-flux duality in Maxwell’s equations. In this paper, a superconducting quantized-charge circuit element, formed using quantum phase-slip junctions, is investigated for use in high-speed, low-energy superconducting spiking neuron circuits. By means of a SPICE model developed for QPSJs, operation of this superconducting circuit to produce and transport quantized charge pulses, in the form of current pulses, is demonstrated. The resulting quantized-charge-based operation emulates spiking neuron circuits for brain-inspired neuromorphic applications. Additionally, to further demonstrate the operation of QPSJ-based neuron circuits, a QPSJ-based integrate and fire neuron circuit is introduced, along with simulation results using WRSPICE. Estimates for operating speed and power dissipation are provided and compared to Josephson junction and CMOS-based spiking neuron circuits. Current challenges are also briefly mentioned.
Two-dimensional spatiotemporal complexity in dual-delayed nonlinear feedback systems: Chimeras and dissipative solitons
Authors: Brunner D. , Penkovsky B. , Levchenko R. , Schöll E. , Larger L. , Maistrenko Y.
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate for a photonic nonlinear system that two highly asymmetric feedback delays can induce a variety of emergent patterns which are highly robust during the system’s global evolution. Explicitly, two-dimensional chimeras and dissipative solitons become visible upon a space-time transformation. Switching between chimeras and dissipative solitons requires only adjusting two system parameters, demonstrating self-organization exclusively based on the system’s dynamical properties. Experiments were performed using a tunable semiconductor laser’s transmission through a Fabry-Pérot resonator resulting in an Airy function as nonlinearity. Resulting dynamics were bandpass filtered and propagated along two feedback paths whose time delays differ by two orders of magnitude. An excellent agreement between experimental results and the theoretical model given by modified Ikeda equations was achieved.
Effect of device design on charge offset drift in Si/SiO2 single electron devices
Authors: Hu Binhui , Ochoa Erick D. , Sanchez Daniel , Perron Justin K. , Zimmerman Neil M. , Stewart M. D.
Published: October 2018

We have measured the low-frequency time instability known as charge offset drift of Si/SiO2 single electron devices (SEDs) with and without an overall poly-Si top gate. We find that SEDs with a poly-Si top gate have significantly less charge offset drift, exhibiting fewer isolated jumps and a factor of two reduction in fluctuations about a stable mean value. The observed reduction can be accounted for by the electrostatic reduction in the mutual capacitance Cm between defects and the quantum dot and increase in the total defect capacitance Cd due to the top gate. These results depart from the prominent interpretation that the level of charge offset drift in SEDs is determined by the intrinsic material properties, forcing consideration of the device design as well. We expect these results to be of importance in developing SEDs for applications from quantum information to metrology or wherever charge noise or integrability of devices is a challenge.
Phonon anharmonic frequency shift induced by four-phonon scattering calculated from first principles
Authors: Feng Tianli , Yang Xiaolong , Ruan Xiulin
Published: October 2018

Phonon energies at finite temperatures shift away from their harmonic values due to anharmonicity. In this paper, we have realized the rigorous calculation of phonon energy shifts of silicon by three- and four-phonon scattering from first principles. The anharmonic fourth-order force constants are calculated by considering up to the fifth nearest neighbors. The results agree reasonably well with available data from inelastic neutron scattering throughout the Brillouin zone. Surprisingly, the frequency shifts of optical phonon modes near the Γ point are sensitive to the cutoff radius of the fourth-order force constants, in contrast to the four-phonon scattering rates, which nearly saturate when considering the second nearest neighbors. We have also compared the results with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and found that the higher order of anharmonicity is important for optical phonons. Our work provides critical insight into the anharmonic phonon frequency shift and will have a significant impact on the thermal and optical applications.
Swift heavy ion irradiation to ZnO nanoparticles: Steep degradation at low fluences and stable tolerance at high fluences
Authors: Amekura H. , Okubo N. , Ren F. , Ishikawa N.
Published: October 2018

A mono-layer of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), each of which does not mostly overlap with one another, was formed on the surface of a silica glass by implantation with 60 keV Zn+ ions and subsequent thermal oxidation. Then, the sample was irradiated with swift heavy ions (SHIs) of 200 MeV Xe14+ ions in the fluence range of 1 × 1011–5 × 1013 ions/cm2. The X-ray diffraction intensity of the {002} peak from ZnO NPs shows a steep drop to 67% of the unirradiated value at the fluence of 1 × 1012 ions/cm2 but maintains almost the same value up to 50 times higher fluence of 5 × 1013 ions/cm2. The behavior could be ascribed to high susceptibility of this material ZnO for recrystallization in the cooling stage of the thermal spike: While damage remains at the central region of SHI impact, recrystallization is induced in large surrounding regions. The interplay between the damage generation in the core regions and the recovery in the surrounding regions reaches a dynamical equilibrium at the fluence exceeding 1 × 1012 ions/cm2. While it is known that free excitons are sensitive to defect registration, the free exciton photoluminescence (PL) with 20% of the unirradiated intensity still survives up to the highest fluence 5 × 1013 ions/cm2. The stable tolerance of this material in optical absorption and PL against SHI irradiation could be attractive for applications.
Measuring carbon nanotube vibrations using a single-electron transistor as a fast linear amplifier
Authors: Wen Yutian , Ares N. , Pei T. , Briggs G. A. D. , Laird E. A.
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate sensitive and fast electrical measurements of a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator. The nanotube is configured as a single-electron transistor, whose conductance is a sensitive transducer for its own displacement. Using an impedance-matching circuit followed by a cryogenic amplifier, the vibrations can be monitored at radio frequency. The sensitivity of this continuous displacement measurement approaches within a factor 470 of the standard quantum limit.
Graphene-based positron charge sensor
Authors: Or P. , Dribin D. , Devidas T. R. , Zalic A. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , May-Tal Beck S. , Ron G. , Steinberg H.
Published: October 2018

We utilize a graphene field-effect transistor to measure back-gate charging by positrons. The device consists of an exfoliated graphene flake transferred onto hexagonal Boron Nitride, placed on a 1 cm2 substrate of 500 μm thick conducting p-Si capped by 285 nm-thick SiO2. It is placed at close proximity to a 25 μCi 22Na positron source emitting a constant flux of positrons, which during the measurement annihilate within the back-gate. We demonstrate that when the back-gate is allowed to float, the charging current of ≈20 fA causes the buildup of positive charge which capacitively couples to the graphene device and is detected as a variation in the two-terminal conductance. Furthermore, a prolonged exposure to positrons causes a shift in the graphene transport characteristics, associated with local charges at the immediate environment of the graphene flake. Our results demonstrate the utility of two-dimensional layered materials as probes for charging dynamics of positrons in solids.
High-frequency gyrotron and microwaves yield first extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: October 2018

Dense plasma experiments with argon and xenon have shown the possibility of generating extreme ultraviolet radiation for potential use in high-resolution projection lithography for microelectronics.
A fast technique offers improved studies of semiconductor charge dynamics
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: October 2018

Authors develop a simpler way to measure the mobility-lifetime product of carriers in semiconductors, under more realistic solar cell operating conditions.
Study leads to new cost-effective adiabatic connection methods for electron correlation energies
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: October 2018

Using the TURBOMOLE program package, authors evaluated several techniques, finding strong potential in coupled-cluster infinite-order screened exchange.