bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the advantages of exploiting memory in Markov state models for biomolecular dynamics
Authors: Cao Siqin , Montoya-Castillo Andrés , Wang Wei , Markland Thomas E. , Huang Xuhui
Published: July 2020

Biomolecular dynamics play an important role in numerous biological processes. Markov State Models (MSMs) provide a powerful approach to study these dynamic processes by predicting long time scale dynamics based on many short molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In an MSM, protein dynamics are modeled as a kinetic process consisting of a series of Markovian transitions between different conformational states at discrete time intervals (called “lag time”). To achieve this, a master equation must be constructed with a sufficiently long lag time to allow interstate transitions to become truly Markovian. This imposes a major challenge for MSM studies of proteins since the lag time is bound by the length of relatively short MD simulations available to estimate the frequency of transitions. Here, we show how one can employ the generalized master equation formalism to obtain an exact description of protein conformational dynamics both at short and long time scales without the time resolution restrictions imposed by the MSM lag time. Using a simple kinetic model, alanine dipeptide, and WW domain, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct these quasi-Markov State Models (qMSMs) using MD simulations that are 5–10 times shorter than those required by MSMs. These qMSMs only contain a handful of metastable states and, thus, can greatly facilitate the interpretation of mechanisms associated with protein dynamics. A qMSM opens the door to the study of conformational changes of complex biomolecules where a Markovian model with a few states is often difficult to construct due to the limited length of available MD simulations.
Characterization of three-dimensional vortical structures in the wake past a circular cylinder in the transitional regime
Authors: Sarwar Wasim , Mellibovsky Fernando
Published: July 2020

The flow past a circular cylinder in the transitional regime at Re = 2000 has been thoroughly investigated via well resolved direct numerical simulation with a spectral element code. Spanwise periodic boundary conditions of at least Lz ≥ 2.5D are required to properly reproduce first and second order turbulent statistics in the cylinder wake. A Kelvin–Helmholtz instability can already be detected at this relatively low Reynolds number at the flapping shear layers issued from either side of the cylinder. The instability, with a frequency fKH ≃ 0.84 that is in excellent agreement with published experimental results, arises only occasionally and the associated spanwise vortices are subject to spanwise localization. We show that while Kármán vortices remain predominantly two-dimensional, streamwise vortical structures appearing along the braids connecting consecutive vortices are mainly responsible for rendering the flow three-dimensional. These structures may appear in isolation or in vortex pairs and have a typical spanwise wavelength of around λz ≃ 0.20–0.28 at a location at (x, y) = (3, 0.5), as measured via Hilbert transform along probe arrays with spanwise orientation. In line with experimental and numerical results at higher Re = 3900, the size of the structures drops in the very near-wake to a minimum at x ≃ 2.5 and then steadily grows to asymptotically attain a finite maximum for x ≳ 20. A time-evolution-based stability analysis of the underlying two-dimensional vortex shedding flow, which happens to be chaotic, shows that the fastest growing perturbations in the linear regime have a spanwise periodicity λz ≃ 0.3 and are located in the very near-wake, right within the braid that connects the last forming Kármán vortex with the previous one, thus hinting at a close relation with the fully developed vortical structures observed in full-fledged three-dimensional computations.
Deep water gravity wave triad resonances on uniform flow
Authors: Kouskoulas David M. , Toledo Yaron
Published: July 2020

Conditions for three-wave resonance between surface gravity waves on uniform current in deep water are found. The resonances occur because waves propagating downstream are elongated (relative to their still water form), whereas waves propagating upstream are contracted. Under certain conditions, the elongation and contraction is to such an extent that the difference between the wavenumbers closes resonance with a third wave. In contrast, the existing literature assumes there is no deep water gravity wave triad resonance on uniform current. Rather, the lowest order nonlinear resonance is assumed to be a four-wave interaction. In this sense, the results represent a new class of resonances. Moreover, since triads are of a lower order than four-wave interactions, the effects of the new triad resonances will be, by definition, an order of magnitude greater (in wave slope ka) than the strongest known resonances for the assumed conditions. Thus, the results represent a new and important mechanism of wave growth and energy exchange between surface gravity waves.
A plant DNA virus replicates in the salivary glands of its insect vector via recruitment of host DNA synthesis machinery
Authors: He Ya-Zhou , Wang Yu-Meng , Yin Tian-Yan , Fiallo-Olivé Elvira , Liu Yin-Quan , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda , Wang Xiao-Wei
Published: July 2020

Significance

Viruses pose a great threat to animal and plant health worldwide. Whereas most plant viruses only replicate in plant hosts, some also replicate in their animal (insect) vector. A detailed knowledge of host expansion will give a better understanding of virus evolution, and identification of virus and host components involved in this process can lead to new strategies to combat virus spread. Here, we reveal that a plant DNA virus has evolved to induce and recruit insect DNA synthesis machinery to support its replication in vector salivary glands. Our study sheds light on the understanding of TYLCV–whitefly interactions and provides insights into how a plant virus may evolve to infect and replicate in an insect vector.
A molecular mechanism for probabilistic bet hedging and its role in viral latency
Authors: Chaturvedi Sonali , Klein Jonathan , Vardi Noam , Bolovan-Fritts Cynthia , Wolf Marie , Du Kelvin , Mlera Luwanika , Calvert Meredith , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Goodrum Felicia , Huang Bo , Weinberger Leor S.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Probabilistic bet hedging is a generalized diversification strategy to maximize fitness in unpredictable environments and has been proposed as an evolutionary basis for herpesvirus latency. However, the molecular mechanisms enabling probabilistic bet hedging have remained elusive. Here, we find that the human herpesvirus cytomegalovirus—a major cause of birth defects and transplant failures—utilizes stochastic variability in the abundance of a protein packaged into individual viral particles to enable probabilistic bet hedging between alternate viral states.
Bayesian inference of reassortment networks reveals fitness benefits of reassortment in human influenza viruses
Authors: Müller Nicola F. , Stolz Ugnė , Dudas Gytis , Stadler Tanja , Vaughan Timothy G.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Genetic recombination processes, such as reassortment, make it complex or impossible to use standard phylogenetic and phylodynamic methods. This is due to the fact that the shared evolutionary history of individuals has to be represented by a phylogenetic network instead of a tree. We therefore require novel approaches that allow us to coherently model these processes and that allow us to perform inference in the presence of such processes. Here, we introduce an approach to infer reassortment networks of segmented viruses using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Our approach allows us to study different aspects of the reassortment process and allows us to show fitness benefits of reassortment events in seasonal human influenza viruses.
Dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by Parkinson's disease-linked G2019S LRRK2 is dependent on kinase and GTPase activity
Authors: Nguyen An Phu Tran , Tsika Elpida , Kelly Kaela , Levine Nathan , Chen Xi , West Andrew B. , Boularand Sylviane , Barneoud Pascal , Moore Darren J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Parkinson’s disease (PD)-linked familial mutations in LRRK2 impact its enzymatic activity by commonly increasing kinase activity, either directly within the kinase domain or indirectly via the GTPase domain by impairing GTP hydrolysis. Familial LRRK2 mutations also commonly promote neuronal toxicity in cultured cells, and for the common G2019S mutation, these effects are kinase dependent. The mechanisms underlying familial LRRK2 mutations in animal models are uncertain, due to the general lack of robust phenotypes. Our study demonstrates important roles for kinase and GTPase activities in mediating the neurodegenerative effects of G2019S LRRK2 in rodents, highlighting both as promising therapeutic targets for PD.
Adiponectin and related C1q/TNF-related proteins bind selectively to anionic phospholipids and sphingolipids
Authors: Ye Jessica J. , Bian Xin , Lim Jaechul , Medzhitov Ruslan
Published: July 2020

Significance

Adiponectin, a member of the CTRP family of secreted proteins produced by adipose tissue, is thought to function as an endocrine hormone. An unusual feature of adiponectin is that it is present in high concentrations in circulation and thus may have noncanonical endocrine functions. Here we show that adiponectin as well as several other CTRPs and C1q family proteins bind anionic phospholipids, suggesting that their mode of action is opsonization of cells with specific plasma membrane phospholipid compositions. These findings suggest a new perspective on CTRP family function.
Universal inference
Authors: Wasserman Larry , Ramdas Aaditya , Balakrishnan Sivaraman
Published: July 2020

Significance

Most statistical methods rely on certain mathematical conditions, known as regularity assumptions, to ensure their validity. Without these conditions, statistical quantities like
P
values and confidence intervals might not be valid. In this paper we give a surprisingly simple method for producing statistical significance statements without any regularity conditions. The resulting hypothesis tests can be used for any parametric model and for several nonparametric models.
Impaired estrogen signaling underlies regulatory T cell loss-of-function in the chronically inflamed intestine
Authors: Goodman Wendy A. , Bedoyan Sarah M. , Havran Hannah L. , Richardson Brian , Cameron Mark J. , Pizarro Theresa T.
Published: July 2020

Significance

This study identifies a mechanism by which 17β estradiol (estrogen) contributes to peripheral tolerance via modulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and function. Our results show that estrogen signaling through the nuclear receptor ERβ is required for TGF-β–dependent differentiation of Tregs, a critical pathway for peripheral Treg differentiation in the gut. Female patients with Crohn’s disease express significantly lower levels of ERβ in peripheral T cells and the intestinal mucosae. Tregs deficient in ERβ express aberrant levels ofTsc22d3(GILZ), a protein not normally expressed in Tregs and that interferes with functional Treg suppression. Our findings support a pathway by which ERβ-specific signaling normally functions to limit GILZ expression in Tregs, thus maintaining peripheral tolerance in the gut.
Six hundred years of South American tree rings reveal an increase in severe hydroclimatic events since mid-20th century
Authors: Morales Mariano S. , Cook Edward R. , Barichivich Jonathan , Christie Duncan A. , Villalba Ricardo , LeQuesne Carlos , Srur Ana M. , Ferrero M. Eugenia , González-Reyes Álvaro , Couvreux Fleur , Matskovsky Vladimir , Aravena Juan C. , Lara Antonio , Mundo Ignacio A. , Rojas Facundo , Prieto María R. , Smerdon Jason E. , Bianchi Lucas O. , Masiokas Mariano H. , Urrutia-Jalabert Rocio , Rodriguez-Catón Milagros , Muñoz Ariel A. , Rojas-Badilla Moises , Alvarez Claudio , Lopez Lidio , Luckman Brian H. , Lister David , Harris Ian , Jones Philip D. , Williams A. Park , Velazquez Gonzalo , Aliste Diego , Aguilera-Betti Isabella , Marcotti Eugenia , Flores Felipe , Muñoz Tomás , Cuq Emilio , Boninsegna José A.
Published: July 2020

Significance

The SADA is an annually-resolved hydroclimate atlas in South America that spans the continent south of 12°S from 1400 to 2000 CE. Based on 286 tree ring records and instrumentally-based estimates of soil moisture, the SADA complements six drought atlases worldwide filling a geographical gap in the Southern Hemisphere. Independently validated with historical records, SADA shows that the frequency of widespread severe droughts and extreme pluvials since the 1960s is unprecedented. Major hydroclimate events expressed in the SADA are associated with strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) anomalies. Coupled ENSO-SAM anomalies together with subtropical low-level jet intensification due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions may cause more extreme droughts and pluvials in South America during the 21st century.
Vision perceptually restores auditory spectral dynamics in speech
Authors: Plass John , Brang David , Suzuki Satoru , Grabowecky Marcia
Published: July 2020

Significance

Multisensory signals can facilitate perception by clarifying unreliable unisensory signals. These multisensory interactions are particularly apparent in audiovisual speech perception, in which visual speech substantially enhances auditory speech processes, remediating perceptual deficits produced by noisy environments, hearing disorders, or age-related hearing loss. However, the audiovisual cues and integration mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the changing frequencies of oral resonances—which are used to discriminate between speech sounds—can be predicted from mouth shapes during speech, and that listeners exploit this relationship to extract acoustic information from visual speech. These results suggest that the perceptual system uses natural correlations between midlevel visual (oral deformations) and auditory speech features (frequency modulations) to facilitate speech perception.
Assembly and regulation of the chlorhexidine-specific efflux pump AceI
Authors: Bolla Jani Reddy , Howes Anna C. , Fiorentino Francesco , Robinson Carol V.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Acinetobacter baumannii
has become challenging to treat due to its multidrug resistance mediated by active drug efflux pumps. The prototype member of the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family, AceI of
A. baumannii
, is implicated in the transport of widely used antiseptic chlorhexidine, while AceR is associated with regulating the expression of the
aceI
gene. Here we apply native mass spectrometry to show that AceI forms dimers at high pH, and that chlorhexidine binding facilitates the functional form of the protein. Also, we demonstrate how AceR affects the interaction between RNA polymerase and promoter DNA both in the presence and in the absence of chlorhexidine. Overall, these results provide insight into the assembly and regulation of the PACE family.
A TAL effector-like protein of an endofungal bacterium increases the stress tolerance and alters the transcriptome of the host
Authors: Carter Morgan E. , Carpenter Sara C.D. , Dubrow Zoë E. , Sabol Mark R. , Rinaldi Fabio C. , Lastovetsky Olga A. , Mondo Stephen J. , Pawlowska Teresa E. , Bogdanove Adam J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Endosymbiotic bacteria are found in diverse fungi, but little is known about how they communicate with their hosts. Some plant pathogenic bacteria use type III-translocated TAL effectors to control host transcription, and TAL-like proteins are encoded in genomes of the fungal endosymbiotic bacterium
Mycetohabitans rhizoxinica
. In this paper, we present evidence that these proteins are, like TAL effectors, type III-secreted, nuclear-localizing effectors that perturb host transcription and show that one enhances tolerance of the fungal host to cell membrane stress. Our characterization of an effector in a bacterial–fungal symbiosis opens a new door to molecular understanding of these interkingdom partnerships. Our findings also provide insight into the functional diversity and evolution of the TAL effector protein family.
The visual organization of handwriting
Authors: Cadena Renata , Coutinho Solange
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on a comparison between the writing of Brazilian teachers and students, especially the visual organization of handwriting during the third year of primary school. Data was collected from observing eight different classes for 10 school days each. The analytical corpus was mainly composed of handwritten activities and graphical variations to the writing called textual graphic tools, which were classified within a framework based on the fields of graphic and rhetoric communication. The results compared the teacher and student graphical solutions for informational tasks, and while students reproduced the teachers’ visual strategies, especially the manipulation of space, they also possessed their own practices, where they displayed several creative means to sequence listed items.
Information, typography and persuasion in Brazilian late 19th and early 20th century ephemera
Authors: Pereira Fabio Mariano Cruz , Farias Priscila Lena
Published: July 2020

This paper aims at a better understanding of the informational structure of late 19th and early 20th century ephemera through an analysis of recurrent informative and persuasive elements in a set of printed artifacts produced in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The research methods adopted involved gathering, describing and comparing verbal and visual information found in those artifacts. Recurrent graphic elements, employed not only for providing information but also for characterizing and differentiating competing companies were found, suggesting that Brazilian printers were making use of graphic elements to promote their services and visually communicate the identity of their businesses.
The presence of odd-chain fatty acids inDrosophilaphospholipids
Authors: Sato Ayaka , Ohhara Yuya , Miura Shinji , Yamakawa-Kobayashi Kimiko
Published: July 2020

Most fatty acids in phospholipids and other lipid species carry an even number of carbon atoms. Also odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs), such as C15:0 and C17:0, are widespread throughout the living organism. However, the qualitative and quantitative profiles of OCFAs-containing lipids in living organisms remain unclear. Here, we show that OCFAs are present in Drosophila phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and that their level increases in accordance with progression of growth. Furthermore, we found that food-derived propionic acid/propanoic acid (C3:0) is utilized for production of OCFA-containing PC and PE. This study provides the basis for understanding in vivo function of OCFA-containing phospholipids in development and lipid homeostasis.
ATLAS searches for di-Higgs production at 13 TeV and prospects for HL-LHC
Authors: Sano Y
Published: July 2020

The latest results on production of Higgs boson pairs at 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at LHC are reported, including a combination of six different decay modes. Results include

b

b

¯

τ

−

τ

+

,

b

b

¯

b

b

¯

,

b

b

¯

γ
γ

,

b

b

¯

WW

, WWWW and

WW
γ
γ

final states, and they are interpreted both in terms of sensitivity to the SM and as limits on κ

λ
, a scaling of the triple-Higgs interaction strength. The most stringent constraint on di-Higgs production cross-section is set at 6.9 times SM cross-section and κ

λ
is constrained in the range −5–12 at 95% confidence level. A new search dedicated to the Vector-Boson-Fusion production was performed in the

b

b

¯

b

b

¯

final state. No significant excess, relative to the background-only Standard Model expectation, is observed and interpretation in terms of the coupling between a Higgs boson pair and two vector bosons is also provided: coupling values normalized to the Standard Model expectation of

κ

2
V

<
−
0.56

and

2.89
<

κ

2
V

are excluded at the 95% confidence level. Future prospects of testing the Higgs self-couplings at the High Luminosity LHC are also reported.
Laser ablation in liquid: Heating, diffusion, and condensation
Authors: Khokhlov V A , Inogamov N A , Zhakhovsky V V
Published: July 2020

Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is important technique, which is used for formation of nanoparticles (NP). The LAL processes cover logarithmically wide range of spatiotemporal scales and are not fully understood. The NP produced by LAL are rather expensive, thus optimization of involved processes is valuable. As the first step to such optimizations more deep understanding is necessary. We employ physical models and computer simulations by thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, and molecular dynamics codes in this direction. Absorbing light metal expanding into transparent solid or liquid dielectrics is considered. We analyze interplay between diffusion, hydrodynamic instability, and decrease of surface tension down to zero value caused by strong heating and compression transferring matter into state of overcritical fluids. The primary NPs appear through condensation during expansion and cooling of diffusion zone or pure gold vapor zone when pressure in these zones drops below critical pressure for a metal.
Influence of pyrolysis on evaporation and solubility of heavy metals in sewage sludge
Authors: Larina O M , Zaichenko V M
Published: July 2020

One of the sewage sludge characteristics is the presence of various pollutant types. This is both pathogenic microflora and chemical pollutants. For example, it is heavy metals. When using the pyrolysis process up to 800 °C with thermal cracking of volatile products, as a method of sewage sludge treatment, in addition to synthesis gas a solid residue is formed. It is about 40% by weight of the initial sewage sludge and has an ash content of 58.2% (on dry state). With this amount of ash, the use of solid residue for energy purposes is not appropriate. Such material is subject to disposal. In this connection, the question arises, what proportion of heavy metals remains in the solid residue and goes into syngas. This paper presents the study results of the effects of pyrolytic processing conditions on the behavior of heavy metals in the composition of sewage sludge. The gross content and solubility in neutral and acidic media of heavy metals in the sewage sludge and the solid residue after pyrolysis are determined. The hazard class according to the content of heavy metals of the sewage sludge and the solid residue is calculated.
Combination of the velocity interferometer system for any reflector and the photon Doppler velocimetry methods to study transparent and absorbing condensed matter
Authors: Kazieva T V , Gubskiy K L , Kuznetsov A P , Tishchenko I Yu , Glukhov R D , Pirog V A , Ananev S Yu , Grishin L I
Published: July 2020

The paper proposes a method for combining photon Doppler velocimetry and a system of speed interferometers for any reflective systems, which allows one to study the behavior of transparent media under the action of powerful shock waves without the use of additional reflective surfaces. The paper presents the results of an experiment on the propagation of a shock wave in water. In this experiment, water was an absorber; however, the proposed method would also work provided that the test material is transparent and provides reflection.
Influence of auxeticity on the processes of elastic deformation in a single crystal VZhM8 in the direction [011]
Authors: Tuch E V
Published: July 2020

The study of deformation processes in a cylinder made of monocrystalline heat-resistant nickel alloy VZHM8. Different variants of the orientation of the crystallographic axes of a single crystal of a VZhM8 nickel alloy relative to the axis of symmetry of the cylinder when it is shocks an rigid wall (Taylor test) are considered. It is shown that if the [011] direction coincides with the direction of shock loading of the cylinder, the initially circular sections of the cylinder turn into ellipses until the moment of rebound, which is explained by the influence of the negative Poisson’s coefficient.
The model of iron properties for plate impact and explosive compression simulations
Authors: Dyachkov S A , Ilnitsky D K , Parshikov A N , Zhakhovsky V V
Published: July 2020

The material model of iron and steel is developed for fluid dynamics simulations of samples under extreme loading induced by an impact or explosion. The model is validated on a set of plate impact tests using the contact smoothed particles hydrodynamics method. The model takes into account the polymorphic α–ε phase transition in iron which is shown to be correctly reproduced, including the hysteresis effect at unloading. The equation of state for steel is shown to be very close to that of iron on a set of tests with spherical shells under explosive compression; however the yield strength of steel is greater.
Numerical investigation of heat flux structure on the surface of a fuel grain during operation of solid fuel ramjet combustor
Authors: Razmyslov A V , Sultanov V G
Published: July 2020

To investigate the features of the processes inside the ramjet subsonic combustion chamber, a numerical model is used. The model is based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations along with turbulence, radiation and combustion models and considers solid fuel pyrolysis. Available in literature experimental data was used to validate the model. The dependences of the heat flow structure on the air flow are obtained. The effect of radiation heat transfer on the regression rate is shown.
Effect of high pressure on the thermoelectrical properties of single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sokolovsky D N , Naymushin A V , Andreeva A G , Volkova Ya Yu
Published: July 2020

The effect of high pressure on the Seebeck coefficient and temperature dependences of the electrical resistance of single-wall and double-walled carbon nanotubes was studied in order to detect phase transformations occurring in carbon nanotubes in the pressure range 4–46 GPa. Diamond anvil cells with conductive synthetic diamonds were used to create high pressures. We observed a number of features associated with the structure changes of nanotubes. Temperature dependences of the electrical resistance of single and double-walled carbon nanotubes have the form characteristic of nondegenerate semiconductors. Analysis of results indicates the destruction of the structure of carbon nanotubes at high pressure.
Study of foil explosion using the soft x-ray radiography
Authors: Zhigalin A S , Oreshkin V I , Rousskikh A G , Baksht R B
Published: July 2020

The experiments were carried out upon a research facility comprising three current generators. One of them was used to initiate the explosion of a foil and the other two, X-pinch backlighting sources were used for diagnostics. In the experiments, an upper limit has been determined for the decay time of the metastable state of a superheated metal. For aluminum, at a foil thickness of 6 μm and a deposited energy of 5.3 ± 0.5 kJ/g, the metastable state decay time was about 90 ns; for copper, at the same foil thickness and a deposited energy of 2.1 ± 0.3 kJ/g, it was about 250 ns; for nickel at the same foil thickness and a deposited energy of 1.3 ± 0.4 kJ/g, it was about 390 ns.
Investigation of the gas density, the liquid density and the gravitational effect in the critical region of C6F6
Authors: Ustyuzhanin E E , Ochkov V F , Rykov V A , Rykov S V
Published: July 2020

Some thermodynamic functions are considered in the work. They have a scaling form and connected with thermodynamic properties at the saturation line (the fluid density (ρl
), the gas density (ρg
), the order parameter, the mean diameter of the coexistence curve, etc). We have paid attention to well-known experimental (ρl, ρg, T) data of C6F6, which are got in a wide temperature interval. One more object is investigated in the work. It is a height dependence of the density, ρ(h), in the critical region, here h is the distance of the gamma-ray beam from the bottom of the cell, in which the sample is placed. These (ρ, h, T) data are got at the earth gravity (g = 9.8 m/s2). In our work, it is studied a behavior of the sample at a special condition: the gravitational effect is reduced in the cell with the sample. In the case of the microgravity, we have elaborated an equation, which expresses a meniscus position in two-phase sample in the critical region. Combined models are elaborated to approximate (ρl, ρg, T) data of C6F6 in the wide temperature interval including the critical region. These models meet the scaling theory of critical phenomena.
Charges of a single grain and the grain in a cloud: Theory and experiments
Authors: Zobnin A V , Usachev A D , Lipaev A M , Molotkov V I , Pustyl’nik M Y , Thoma M A , Thomas H M
Published: July 2020

The effect of cloud density on the grain charging is of great importance in complex plasma physics. The quasi-neutrality condition brings about changing of ratio of a spatially averaged ion density to electron density in the dust cloud. Strong interaction between ions and highly charged grain complicates the analysis of the effect of ion density increasing on ion flux on the grain. The theoretical approach to ion flux correction on the grain space charge by the use of effective ion density instead of spatially averaged density is discussed. The experimental measurements of charges of solitary grains and the grains in the cloud under similar plasma parameters are used to prove the proposed approach.
Stochastic nanostructure and fuzz-like structure formation on the material surface under powerful plasma load in the plasma linear multicusp device
Authors: Budaev V P , Fedorovich S D , Martynenko Yu V , Karpov A V , Lukashevsky M V , Lazukin A V , Gubkin M K , Gerasimov D N , Shestakov E A , Sviridov E V , Marchenkov A Yu , Rogozin K A , Gvozdevskaya D S , Zakletskii Z A
Published: July 2020

The plasma linear multicusp (PLM) device was constructed to test materials by powerful plasma loads. The facility is a linear magnetic trap with an 8-pole multicusp magnetic plasma confinement. In the PLM, the electron temperature of the hot and cold fraction is of 50 and 10 eV, the electron density—2 × 1018 m−3, the stationary plasma confinement is up to 200 min and more, which is an advantage for testing materials of the divertor and first wall of a fusion reactor. Tungsten, molybdenum, graphite, iron were tested in stationary helium discharges in the PLM with the thermal load more than 1 MW/m2. The temperature of the tested plates reached 1000 °C and more. A stochastic nanostructured surface and fuzz-like structure with fibers of less than 50 nm in a diameter were observed on the surfaces irradiated by hot plasma.
Examination of Pap Smear as A Screening Lesion of Cervical in Muaro Pijoan Village Working Area of Puskesmas Sungai Duren, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Provence
Authors: Fairuz  , Dewi Hasna , Kalsum Ummi
Published: July 2020

Cervical cancer is a primary savage tumor that comes from squamous epithelial cells. It is the second killer after mammary cancer for women in developing countries including Indonesia. The incidence of cervical cancer in Indonesia increases that causes woman death in their productive age. Pap smear is one of method of cancer screening which is efficacious, simple, and cost effective. By applying pap smear in developing countries, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer has been reduced around 46-76% and the mortality has been declined around 50-60%. This study aims to describe clinic ocytopathology of pap smear in Muaro jambi village, Muaro Jambi district, Jambi province. This is prospective descriptive observation study at Pathology Anatomic Department of Medical Faculty, Jambi University. The data was obtained from all women that have been examined for pap smear in the public health Sungai Duren, Muaro Jambi district in July 2018. The range distribution of patients was found in 22.00-62.00 years old, multiparty woman (75.0%) with cervical chronic non specific (37,0%) and Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion (NILM) (34,0%), 20 woman with Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 1 woman with Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) and 1 woman with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) as moderate dysplasia. The highest distribution abnormality of squamous epithelial cell was 41 years old, multipara (100%). Moderate dysplasia (HSIL) was woman with hormonal contraception. The incidence abnormal epithelial cervical cell was highest on 46 years old woman, with hormonal contraception and multiparty. The description of abnormal epithelial cervix cells was found to be ASCUS.
Automatic Spray Desinfectant Chicken With Android Based On Arduino Uno
Authors: Ahfas Akhmad , Ulum Mohammad Bahrul , Saputra Dwi Hadidjaja Rasjid , Syahrorini Syamsudduha
Published: July 2020

Technology plays a very important role in human life. Many devices and applications are created to facilitate human work. In the world of chicken farming many problems are found both in terms of objects and their management. In chicken farms, problems often arise about the decline in the quality of livestock due to disease attacks. Diseases in chicken farms arise due to poor chicken coop conditions and lack of attention from the management. To maintain the condition of the chicken coop remains sterile from disease attacks, then spraying disinfectant chemicals. Disinfectant chemicals are classified as dangerous when exposed to the human body directly. Automatic chicken cage disinfectant spray with Android-based arduino UNO aims to simplify and provide a sense of security when spraying disinfectant for farmers. The process of spraying disinfectant can be done remotely using an Android smart phone application and Arduino Uno microcontroller hardware with Bluetooth communication. HC-05 bluetooth module as a communication medium between Android smart phone with arduino Uno, diarfaghma 12 vdc pump, 80 psi as spray disinfectant while disinfectant spray drive uses 5 vdc motor. Automatic chicken cage disinfectant spray can be done at a maximum distance of 10 meters.
Biodiversity Protection from the Impact of Illegal Gold Mining for Sustainability
Authors: Puluhulawa Fenty U. , Harun Amanda Adelina
Published: July 2020

Biodiversity protection as the ecosystem formation component that supports the process of life is highly needed to take into account. Several previous studies show that biodiversity in Gorontalo is decreased that it will endanger other biodiversities in this region if this urgent issue is not immediately resolved. One of the solutions is through cross science. The objective of this study is to describe biodiversity and Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) along with the needs to optimize the functions of law in protecting biodiversity. This study was conducted by referring to previous studies, so that secondary data were used. It also employed an interview section in order to support the secondary data mentioned previously. Further, the data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis based on several relevant statutory norms.
The Effect of Processed Tempeh Gembus Administration on Blood Glucose in Obese Women
Authors: Isnawati M , Larasati M D , Muninggar D L P , Afifah D N , Suromo L B , Sulchan M
Published: July 2020

Tempeh gembus is a local functional food from Indonesia which made from fermented tofu residues from Rhizopus oligosporus and containing high fibre. The fibre content in tempeh gembus are three times higher than soybean tempeh. Dietary fibre is thought to reduce blood glucose levels. The aim this study is to analyze the effect of giving variations of processed tempeh gembus on fasting blood glucose level. This study was an experimental study with a pre-post randomized control group design. The number of control and treatment group subjects was 20 people each who met the inclusion criteria. The control and treatment groups received 1500 kcal isocaloric diet. In addition, treatment group received additional variations of processed tempeh gembus 150 grams for 28 days. The average intake of processed tempeh gembus treatment group during the study was 58.9%. The average fibre intake of the treatment group was twice higher than the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels between the control and treatment groups after the intervention. There was no statistically significant difference on fasting blood glucose levels in both the control group and the treatment group (p> 0.05) but clinically it was able to reduce fasting blood glucose levels 4.5 mg / dl in the treatment group. Changes in blood glucose levels showed no significant differences between the control and treatment groups (p> 0.05). Processed tempeh gembus administration for 28 days increase fibre intake but could not been able to reduce fasting blood glucose levels.
Mixed vegetable-fruit leathers properties on various proportions on several fruits with mustard greens (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Saidi Ida Agustini , Miftakhurrohmat Agus , Wulandari Fitria Eka , Nurbaya Syarifa Ramadhani , Widianto Ardin
Published: July 2020

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea) is highly produced lowland leafy vegetable in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. There has not been any other usage of mustard greens in this region besides for culinary purposes while leafy vegetable is perishable poduct. Leather is maybe the answer of product diversity in commercial utilizations. Leathers made by mixing mustard greens and fruits purees with proportions of 40% : 60%; 60% : 40%; and 80% : 20% using tropical fruits those are jackfruit, pineapple, and papaya. The physicochemical and sensory studied showed that mixing mustard greens with fruits increased crude fiber content, rendemen and hardness of vegetable-fruit leathers. The best treatment in this experiment is proportion of mustard greens with pineapple (60%:40%) with physicochemical and sensory properties were 11.57% moisture; 2.72% ash; pH 4.20; lightness 43.59; redness -4.69; yellowness 5.53; 1.02% fiber; yield 30.58%; hardness 503.15; sensory color 4.90 (neutral-rather like); sensory aroma (neutral-rather like); sensory texture 5.07 (rather like-like); and sensory taste 5.00 (rather like).
Increase Electricity Supply to the Community to Support Sustainable Development by Minimizing House Load in Geothermal Power Plant
Authors: Hidajat Raity Arief , Utomo Suyud Warno , Garniwa Iwa , Karuniasa Mahawan
Published: July 2020

Recently, electricity consumption in Indonesia continue to increase rapidly along with the increase in development, economic growth and also the increase in the population. One potential source of electrical energy comes from geothermal energy, where Indonesia has enormous potential. According to data from the Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, until the end of 2016 there were at least 331 geothermal energy source locations throughout Indonesia, where most of the potential was on a volcanic track with a potential of 28,579 MW and this is the largest geothermal energy in the world. In its operation, power plants need energy to supply their own needs (house load) which amounts up to 10 % of the electrical energy produced. Own electricity needs are used to drive brine and condensate pumps, fan drive motors in cooling towers, lamps and electronic appliances in well pad and offices. The use of this energy can be minimized to increase electricity production which is distributed to users. The methodology used in this research is lean sigma process through the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve (DMAI) steps. The first step is to define the problems regarding opportunity from electricity use for own needs that can be saved and constraints faced, the next step is to measure the electrical usage as baseline data, then analyze to find the causes of inefficiencies in electricity use and the last make improvement programs. From a case study conducted at the Gunung Salak geothermal power plant in West Java, the energy efficiency of house load can be minimized by up to 7.5%-10% in 2018-2019. Greater energy supply to the community will have an impact on improving the economy of the community to support production activities that require electrical energy.
A Challenge of Inorganic Solid Waste Reduction Practices in Suburban Area
Authors: Susilowati S , Martono D N , Wahyono S , Herdiansyah H
Published: July 2020

In the upcoming era, developing countries face a problem in waste management. Waste management through a waste bank commonly practiced by communities in urban such as Surabaya, Tasikmalaya, Makassar and Medan, and mostly shows positive impacts. It investigates inorganic waste reduction practices at Kepodang and Kemuning waste banks in Bekasi City. Those located in the middle-class residential and slum area. Both are improving in terms of the volume of waste collected. These activities result in reducing waste to landfills, turn the trash to cash, and save natural resources. It is interesting because both waste banks have a different social-economic background. It occupies comparative analysis and correlation analysis to compare both waste banks and to analyze the correlation between the number of customers and waste reduction. It concludes that waste banks with better resources deliver better performance, and the number of customers is not in line with waste reduction. The barrier in the implementation is the low participation of the community. It’s recommended to improve household participation and promote composting of organic waste at the household level to get a significant reduction.
Impact and Evaluation of Construction Stage of Water Resources and Hydropower Projects on Ecological Environment
Authors: Yongrong Qin
Published: July 2020

With the continuous development and progress of modern society, engineering construction in various fields is also constantly improved. Among them, water conservancy and hydropower engineering are the main guarantee project for the development of modern society. However, large area of earthwork needs to be constructed in the construction process of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. In order to effectively solve the impact of water conservancy and hydropower engineering on the ecological environment in the construction process, in order to promote the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects and provide a good impetus for the work of ecological environment protection, it is necessary to analyze and study the actual impact and formulate scientific and reasonable solutions. Based on this, this paper will analyze the impact of water conservancy and hydropower projects on the ecological environment, and then work out the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects and ecological environment protection measures, and finally provide a good guarantee for the smooth construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects and the protection of the ecological environment.
Synergetic Optimization of Water Resources, Energy and grain in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Ke Zhou
Published: July 2020

Firstly in this paper an overall analytical framework model of water-energy-grain based on the synergetic theory was established. Secondly, a total partition structure model was built, which is also known as the water-energy-grain synergetic optimization model with internal control feedback function. An intelligent multi-factors balancing algorithm was also studied. Finally, the integration of the synergetic optimization distribution scheme and strategy for grain production, energy and water resources utilization in the Yellow River basin was put forward. The synergetic optimization theories of water resources allocation, grain production, energy resources development as well as models correlation and parameters transfer were systematically dealt with.
A study on the spatial construction strategies of ethnic minority villages based on compound ecosystem theory
Authors: Shao Dandan , Han Rong
Published: July 2020

This article selects minority villages as the research object. The socio-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory is applied to the spatial construction of ethnic minority villages, and the landscape ecology and ecological aesthetics are combined to study the landscape planning of ethnic villages. Based on the rural realities, the problems, structures, features, and functions in the landscape planning of ethnic villages are analyzed from three levels: the natural ecological subsystem, the economic ecological subsystem, and the social ecological subsystem. The guiding thoughts, principles, and methods of the landscape planning of ethnic villages are put forward, and the relationship between the spatial planning of ethnic villages and the shaping of ethnic characteristics is summarized through the interpretation of related concepts and the analysis of research status at home and abroad. Finally, a strategy for the spatial construction of ethnic villages was obtained with a view to providing theoretical basis and reference for future national village landscape planning.
Time and Space Evolution Law of Surrounding Rock Deformation under the Influence of Mining
Authors: chen Lei , Zhang Haolin , Kang Jiayan , Jia Guilong
Published: July 2020

Under the influence of mining, the stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway is redistributed, and the surrounding rock of the roadway is deformed. In order to study the change rule of surrounding rock deformation with the advancing process of working face under the influence of mining, according to the field measurement results, the mechanical model of supporting pressure of advance working face and deformation of roadway top is established, and the change rule of time and space is analysed by numerical simulation. The results show that: in different stages of working face pressure, the advance bearing pressure presents different regularity. The peak value of bearing pressure and stress concentration coefficient are the largest when the pressure is applied for the first time, the minimum when the pressure is not applied, and the influence range of bearing pressure is not affected by the period of pressure.
Comprehensive benefit analysis of reinforced concrete bridge under different axle load limits
Authors: He Yulong , Jiang Tianlin , Liu Hua , Li Ao , Wang Tao
Published: July 2020

Limiting the vehicle load crossing the bridge can improve the safety of the bridge, but the transportation efficiency might be reduced. In order to reasonably evaluate the comprehensive impact of vehicle load limit on bridges, a comprehensive benefit evaluation factor K was defined to analyze the comprehensive benefits of highway bridge transportation under different axle load limits. Firstly, based on WIM data, the random distribution function of total vehicle weight and axle load was fitted, and the loss ratio of transportation benefit before and after limiting the axle load was defined and calculated based on the principle of invariable total vehicle weight. Combined with the random distribution function of the total weight and axle load, Monte-Carlo method was used to simulate the random traffic flow under different load limit levels and calculate the time-varying reliability of typical bridges under different load limit levels. Finally, the evaluation factor K was introduced to evaluate the influence of axle load limit on the comprehensive benefit of highway reinforced cocrete bridges, and reasonable axle load limit suggestions were put forward.