bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selling Shame: Feminine Hygiene Advertising and the Boundaries of Permissiveness in 1970s Britain
Authors: Payling Daisy
Published: June 2022

This article uses a 1972 television advertising campaign for Femfresh vaginal deodorants and the backlash against it to explore how women grappled with the permissive society in their bathrooms and living rooms. It uses women's magazines and the business archives of Femfresh to trace the popularity of vaginal deodorants in the early 1970s and show how advertising for the product played on women's fears of undesirability and shame about their bodies during a period of changing sexual mores. It details how feminist campaigners Women in Media (WiM) constructed a campaign against vaginal deodorants and how adverts for the product became linked in press coverage to trial television adverts for Lil‐lets tampons, before analysing complaints made about both product categories collected by the Independent Broadcasting Authority. The contested terrain of feminine hygiene advertising adds nuance to historical understandings of debates around ‘permissiveness’, suggesting that, for some women, frank discussions of bodily functions were not inherently ‘indecent’, but rather had a correct time and place. WiM's campaign and the complaints collected illustrate how women of varying political leanings utilised conceptions of shame to exert limited control over the extent to which feminine bodies were up for public consumption in 1970s Britain.
Combined cardiomegaly and aortic arch calcification predict mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yap Yit‐Sheung , Chi Wen‐Che , Lin Cheng‐Hao , Liu Yi‐Chun , Wu Yi‐Wen , Yang Hui‐Yueh
Published: June 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cardiomegaly and aortic arch calcification (AAC) and overall/cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study and enrolled patients who underwent initial hemodialysis. Cardiomegaly and AAC were determined by chest radiography and classified into four groups according to cross‐classification of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) of 0.5 and lower/higher grade AAC (LGAAC/HGAAC). The relationship between these groups and mortality was then analyzed by Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

In multivariate Cox regression analysis, those in CTR ≤ 0.5 and HGAAC [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.07 (1.14–3.77)], CTR > 0.5 & LGAAC [3.60 (2.07–6.25)] and CTR > 0.5 & HGAAC [3.42 (2.03–5.77)] were significantly associated with overall mortality; while those in CTR > 0.5 & LGAAC [2.81 (1.28–6.19)] and CTR > 0.5 & HGAAC [2.32 (1.09–4.95)] were significantly related to cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusion

Combined cardiomegaly and AAC predicted overall and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Urban centre revival and the changing locations of condominiums
Authors: Sho Kojiro
Published: June 2022

After major population decline in the 1970s, Japan’s urban centres experienced population recoveries as a consequence of urban centre revival (UCR). This research explored the transitions undergone by condominiums because of UCR since the 1990s in Nishi Ward, one of the six central wards in the city of Osaka, Japan. Osaka is representative of Japan’s other major urban centres, and its urban regeneration policies were considered a major factor affecting the UCR, which resulted in an increase in the number of urban centre condominiums. The main hypothesis was that the location of condominiums is gradually changing to areas with high accessibility to public transportation that are undergoing UCR. Analysis was made of 460 condominium buildings across the Waterfront, Central, and West areas of Nishi Ward from the 1970s to the 2010s. Gaps in the supply of condominiums and significant differences among the condominiums in the three areas were observed. Ultimately, the influence of local urban regeneration policy on the condominiums in Nishi Ward was found to be limited. Usefully, too, the work has wider significance for scholars wanting to understand intensive urban development.
Management strategies for adult patients with dental anxiety in the dental clinic: a systematic review
Authors: Hoffmann B , Erwood K , Ncomanzi S , Fischer V , O'Brien D , Lee A
Published: June 2022

Anxiety is an adaptive emotional response to potentially threatening or dangerous situations; moderated by the sympathetic nervous system. Dental anxiety is common and presents before, during or after dental treatment. The physiological response includes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and cardiac output. Consequently, extensive distress leads to avoidance of dental treatment and multiple failed appointments, impacting both oral and general health. Dental anxiety can generate a variety of negative consequences for both the dentist and the patient. Evidence‐based strategies are essential for mitigating and relieving anxiety in the dental clinic. Psychotherapeutic behavioural strategies can modify the patient's experience through a minimally invasive approach with nil or negligible side effects, depending on patient characteristics, anxiety level and clinical situations. These therapies involve muscle relaxation, guided imagery, physiological monitoring, utilizing biofeedback, hypnosis, acupuncture, distraction and desensitization. Pharmacological intervention utilizes either relative analgesia (nitrous oxide), conscious intravenous sedation or oral sedation, which can have undesirable side effects, risks and contraindications. These modalities increase the cost and availability of dental treatment.
Inflammatory markers may predict post‐operative complications and recurrence in Crohn's disease patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Mullin Gil , Zager Yaniv , Anteby Roi , Jacoby Harel , Kent Ilan , Ram Edward , Nachmany Ido , Horesh Nir
Published: June 2022

Background

Most Crohn's Disease (CD) patients will require surgical intervention over their lifetime, with considerably high rates of post‐operative complications. Risk stratification with reliable prognostic tools may facilitate clinical decision making in these patients. Blood cell interaction based inflammatory markers have proven useful in predicting patient outcomes in oncological and benign diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate their prognostic value in CD patients undergoing surgery.

Methods

A retrospective single institution study of CD patients who underwent surgery between the years 2008 and 2019 was conducted. Data were collected from medical records and analysed for association of Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Lymphocyte‐to‐Monocyte Ratio (LMR) and the modified Systemic Inflammatory Score (mSIS) with post‐operative outcomes.

Results

A total of 81 patients were included in the analysis. Half were females; mean age was 36 ± 15.54 years. Fifty seven percent (n = 46) were operated in expedited settings, with 23.5% developing post‐operative complications. In elective patients, higher pre‐operative NLR (P = 0.029) and PLR (P = 0.034) were associated with major post‐operative complications, higher NLR (P = 0.029) and PLR (P = 0.034) were associated with re‐operation and higher PLR correlated with Clavien‐Dindo score (P = 0.032). In patients operated in expedited operations, higher pre‐operative NLR (P = 0.021) and lower pre‐operative LMR (P = 0.018) were associated with thromboembolic events and higher mSIS was associated with major post‐operative complications (P = 0.032).

Conclusions

Blood cell interaction based inflammatory markers confer an association with post‐operative complications in CD patients undergoing surgery. These indices may facilitate patient selection and optimization when considering the risks and benefits of surgical interventions.
COVID‐19 review shows that benefits of vaccinating children and adolescents appear to outweigh risks of post‐vaccination myopericarditis
Authors: Morello Rosa , Pepe Mara , Martino Laura , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Chiaretti Antonio , Gatto Antonio , Curatola Antonietta
Published: June 2022

Aim

Myopericarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination were the most serious adverse events reported in children over 5 years of age. We want to summarise these cases, describing their incidence, clinical features, diagnostic pathways, therapeutic strategies and outcome.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted until 20 March 2022 by bibliographic electronic databases. We included all reports of post‐vaccination myopericarditis in children aged between 5 and 18 years.

Results

All reported cases had elevated serum Troponin levels, associated with electrocardiogram changes, but often with normal echocardiogram. Cardiac magnetic resonance images always showed typical alterations. The pathogenetic mechanism is still unknown. Myocarditis following post‐COVID vaccination is more frequent in boys with an average age of about 15 years. Treatment involves the usage of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and the average hospitalisation is about 3 days. The long‐term consequences are not yet known, so these patients should be studied in a cardiological follow‐up and abstention from physical activity should be recommended.

Conclusion

The benefits of COVID‐19 vaccination in children and adolescents appear to outweigh the risk of developing post‐vaccination myopericarditis. We can also speculate a possible approval of vaccination in children under 5 years for the coming winter.
Early intervention and special education in New York City: Patterns of service use and disparities affecting children of colour
Authors: Romo Matthew L. , Jordan Phoebe , McVeigh Katharine H. , Chan Pui Ying , Stingone Jeanette A. , Lim Sungwoo , Askew George L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Compliance with the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the United States is monitored through review of cross‐sectional reports from three discrete, age‐defined programmes (early intervention [EI], early childhood special education [ECSE)] and school‐age special education [SE]) to promote the timely, efficient and effective delivery of appropriate services to all eligible children. Analysis of longitudinal data is required to discern how children use services across programmes to provide the necessary context for IDEA oversight and to identify areas for programme or policy interventions to reduce barriers to service use and promote equity.

Methods

We applied sequence analysis to a data linkage across five public record systems among 15 626 New York City children born in 1998 who had records from birth through third grade.

Results

Five predominant patterns of service use were identified: (1) multiple therapies across EI/ECSE/SE (13%), (2) EI without transition to Department of Education schools or services (24%), (3) EI and intermittent ECSE/SE (16%), (4) older entry into EI and both speech and occupational therapy throughout ECSE/SE (9%) and (5) limited EI use and mostly speech therapy in ECSE/SE (38%). Each pattern had distinct demographics (e.g., pattern 2 was disproportionately White and from low poverty neighbourhoods; pattern 4 was disproportionately male and Black; pattern 5 was disproportionately Latino) and academic outcomes (e.g., pattern 1 had largest proportion in a SE school and not tested in third grade; pattern 3 had third grade tests scores that were similar to overall citywide mean scores).

Conclusions

The differences in demographic profiles across the five patterns of service use illustrate the systemic inequities in the delivery of these important services. Delayed entry and limited use of EI services among children of colour underscore the need for equity goals to increase early referral and optimize service use.
Prophylactic transanal drainage tube placement for preventing anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Chenchen , Fu Zhiwen , Qing Xin , Deng Mengen
Published: June 2022

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of transanal drainage tube (TDT) placement for preventing anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Method

PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched up to October 2021. Studies comparing outcomes following low anterior resection with or without TDT were included. The primary outcomes measured were anastomotic leakage rate, reoperation rate and anastomotic bleed rate.

Results

Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 observational studies (prospective or retrospective) involving 4560 patients satisfied the basic inclusion criteria. In RCTs, a TDT was associated with no statistically significant differences in anastomotic leakage (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.42–1.05, P = 0.08), reduction in reoperation (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.51, P = 0.004) and increased anastomotic bleeding rate (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.11–5.01, P = 0.03). In observational studies, a TDT was associated with significant reduction in anastomotic leak (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.30–0.64, P < 0.0001) and reoperation (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.69, P < 0.0001), with no statistically significant differences in anastomotic bleeding (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.20–8.30, P = 0.78).

Conclusion

In RCTs, a TDT for rectal cancer was correlated with no detectable differences in anastomotic leakage and with an increased risk of anastomotic bleeding. In observational studies, a TDT was correlated with reduction in anastomotic leakage and no detectable differences in anastomotic bleeding. Both RCTs and observational studies demonstrated a comparable reduction in reoperation rate with TDT. These data in aggregate indicated that TDTs may not show superiority but emphasized differences between RCT and observational data.
Reducing cold ischemia time by donor liver “back‐table” preparation under continuous oxygenated machine perfusion of the portal vein
Authors: Lantinga Veerle A. , Buis Carlijn I. , Porte Robert J. , de Meijer Vincent E. , van Leeuwen Otto B.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Cold ischemia time is a well‐known risk factor for the development of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after liver transplantation. End‐ischemic hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) of DCD liver grafts reduces the incidence of NAS, and has the potential to reduce cold ischemia times. We hypothesized that if a part of the back‐table procedure could be performed under continuous HOPE, cold ischemia times would be reduced.

Methods

In this prospective observational cohort study, all nationwide declined livers that underwent DHOPE‐NMP between July 1st 2021 and January 1st 2022 were included. The back‐table of ten consecutive high‐risk donor livers was performed with ongoing HOPE. Sixty DHOPE‐NMP procedures (August 1st 2017–July 1st 2021) with a conventional back‐table procedure functioned as a control group.

Results

Compared to the control group, this technique led to a decrease in non‐oxygenated back‐table time from median 74 min (IQR 58–92 min) to median 25 min (IQR 21–31 min), p < .01. Median total cold preservation times were reduced from 279 min (IQR 254–297) to 214 min (IQR 132–254), p < .01.

Conclusion

Cold ischemia time of liver grafts can be successfully reduced by over one hour by using portal vein only HOPE during back‐table preparation.
Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers differentiate patients with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chang Bryce K. , Day Gregory S. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , McKeon Andrew , Flanagan Eoin P. , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Mielke Michelle M. , Nguyen Aivi , Jones David T. , Toledano Michel , Kremers Walter K. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Li Wentao
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a potentially treatable cause of rapidly progressive dementia that may mimic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). Alzheimer disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may discriminate CJD from AD, but utility in discriminating CJD and AE is unclear. This study compared AD CSF biomarkers in CJD and AE.

Methods

Patients with probable or definite CJD and probable or definite AE who underwent Roche Elecsys AD CSF biomarker testing at Mayo Clinic from March 2020 through April 2021 were included. Total‐tau, phosphorylated181 tau and amyloid‐β42 levels were compared.

Results

Of 11 CJD cases, four were autopsy proven; the rest had positive real‐time quaking‐induced conversion testing. Disease‐associated autoantibodies were detected in 8/15 cases of AE: leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 and neuronal intermediate filaments (two cases each), and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, contactin‐associated protein‐like 2, dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐like protein 6 and immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecule IgLON family member 5. Total‐tau provided excellent discrimination between CJD and AE in a univariate model (odds ratio 1.46 per 100 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.11, p < 0.05, c = 0.93). Total‐tau was elevated in 91% of CJD cases (median > 1300, range 236–>1300 pg/ml), of which 55% were above the limit of assay measurement (>1300 pg/ml). Total‐tau was elevated in 20% of AE cases (median 158, range 80–>1300 pg/ml).

Conclusion

Total‐tau was greater in CJD than AE. Given that amyloid‐β42 and phosphorylated181 tau were comparable, the ratio differences were probably driven by elevated total‐tau in CJD. This study supports the role for AD biomarker testing in patients with rapidly progressive dementia.
Brain age as a surrogate marker for cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Denissen Stijn , Engemann Denis Alexander , De Cock Alexander , Costers Lars , Baijot Johan , Laton Jorne , Penner Iris‐Katharina , Grothe Matthias , Kirsch Michael , D'hooghe Marie Beatrice , D'Haeseleer Miguel , Dive Dominique , De Mey Johan , Van Schependom Jeroen , Sima Diana Maria , Nagels Guy
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

Data from neuro‐imaging techniques allow us to estimate a brain's age. Brain age is easily interpretable as ‘how old the brain looks’ and could therefore be an attractive communication tool for brain health in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate its clinical utility by investigating the relationship between brain age and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

A linear regression model was trained to predict age from brain magnetic resonance imaging volumetric features and sex in a healthy control dataset (HC_train, n = 1673). This model was used to predict brain age in two test sets: HC_test (n = 50) and MS_test (n = 201). Brain‐predicted age difference (BPAD) was calculated as BPAD = brain age minus chronological age. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).

Results

Brain age was significantly related to SDMT scores in the MS_test dataset (r = −0.46, p < 0.001) and contributed uniquely to variance in SDMT beyond chronological age, reflected by a significant correlation between BPAD and SDMT (r = −0.24, p < 0.001) and a significant weight (−0.25, p = 0.002) in a multivariate regression equation with age.

Conclusions

Brain age is a candidate biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in MS and an easy to grasp metric for brain health.
Evaluating the effects of telenursing on patients' activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living after myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Sefidi Narges , Assarroudi Abdolghader , Zandi Zahra , Malkemes Susan J , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Abbaszade Ali , Sahebkar Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Aim

This study aimed to assess the effects of telenursing on patients' activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs) following a myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

This randomized, parallel‐group, controlled trial was conducted on 95 patients post‐MI from 2018 to 2019. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (telenursing) and control groups using permuted block randomization. Through telephone calls, telenursing was performed twice a week during the first six consecutive weeks, then once a week until week 12. ADL and IADL questionnaires were completed by both groups before intervention and 12 weeks later. The CONSORT 2010 checklist was used to report the study protocol.

Results

The mean age of patients was 56.8 ± 11.07 and 54.2 ± 9.8 years in the telenursing and control group, respectively. The mean ADL and IADL scores in the telenursing group were substantially greater than in the control group [4.57 (3.18, 5.97); P < 0.001 and 4.40 (3.06, 5.75); P < 0.001, respectively]. The odds of a higher degree of independence (no disabilities vs. mild disabilities and disability as well as no disabilities and mild disabilities vs. disability) regarding ADLs and IADLs were significantly greater in the telenursing group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the use of telenursing intervention may increase patients' ADLs and IADLs after an MI and may enhance their independence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 616–622.
Pepper‐rosmarin essential oil (Lippia sidoides Cham.) as an antioxidant additive for PBAT – poly (butylene adipate co‐terephthalate) films and its application for active packaging
Authors: de Andrade Michelle Félix , Silva Marina Gomes , de Lima Silva Ivo Diego , Caetano Viviane Fonseca , de Moraes Filho Luiz Emílio Pessôa Timeni , Vinhas Glória Maria , de Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos
Published: June 2022

Active antioxidant films additivated with Pepper‐rosmarin essential oil (PRO) and poly (butylene adipate co‐terephthalate) – PBAT were produced from the solvent casting technique in different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and the antioxidant activity of the film was evaluated by the oxidation of olive oil. Homogenous films were produced and the incorporation of PRO was confirmed by the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The antioxidant capacity of the PRO analysed indicated high activity. There were no changes in the degradation temperatures of the films by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All films have become more permeable with the increase in PRO content. The addition of 15% PRO made the film more resistant. In the olive oil oxidation test, by the PCA technique, an inhibition of oxidation with higher PRO concentrations was observed. Therefore, it is possible to confirm the potential of an active antioxidant packaging of PBAT added with PRO to minimise oxidative effects on food, maintaining its quality.
Broodstock exposure to warming and elevated pCO2 impairs gamete quality and narrows the temperature window of fertilisation in Atlantic cod
Authors: Dahlke Flemming , Puvanendran Velmurugu , Mortensen Atle , Pörtner Hans‐Otto , Storch Daniela
Published: June 2022

Impacts of global warming and CO2‐related ocean acidification (OA) on fish reproduction may include chronic effects on gametogenesis and gamete quality, as well as acute effects on external fertilisation. Here, temperature thresholds and OA‐sensitivity of gametogenesis and fertilisation were investigated in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Three broodstock groups of farmed cod (FC 1–3) were exposed for 3 months to three maturation conditions (FC 1: control, 6°C/400 μatm CO2; FC 2: warming, 9.5°C/400 μatm; FC 3: warming and OA, 9.5°C/1100 μatm). In addition, a broodstock group of wild cod (WC) was kept at control conditions to compare the acute temperature window of fertilisation with that of farmed cod (FC 1). Fertilisations were conducted in a temperature‐gradient table at 10 temperatures (between −1.5 and 12°C) and two CO2 levels (400/1100 μatm). In FC 1 and WC, fertilisation success was relatively high between 0.5°C and 11°C (TRange of c. 10.5°C), indicating similar gamete quality in farmed and wild broodstocks kept at control conditions. Exposure of farmed broodstocks to warming (FC 2) and the combination of warming and OA (FC 3) impaired gamete quality, causing a reduction in fertilisation success of −20% (FC 2) and − 42% (FC 3) compared to FC 1. The acute temperature window of fertilisation narrowed from FC 1 (TRange = 10.4°C) to FC 2 (TRange = 8.8°C) and FC 3 (TRange = 5.9°C). Acute effects of CO2 on fertilisation success were not significant. This study demonstrates potential climate change impacts on gametogenesis and fertilisation in Atlantic cod, suggesting the loss of spawning habitat in the coming decades.
A genome‐wide association study of the occurrence of genetic variations in Edwardsiella piscicida, Vibrio harveyi, and Streptococcus parauberis under stressed environments
Authors: Roh HyeongJin
Published: June 2022

Bacterial mutation and genetic diversity in aquaculture have led to increasing phenotypic variances, which can weaken or invalidate strategies for controlling diseases. However, few studies have monitored the degree of mutation in fish bacterial pathogens caused by environmental pressure within a short period. In this study, transcriptomic sequences from Edwardsiella piscicida, Vibrio harveyi and Streptococcus parauberis under stressed environments were used for investigating the emergence of variants. In detail, a sub‐inhibitory concentration of formalin and phenol for E. piscicida, sea water at 30°C for V. harveyi and flounder serum for S. parauberis were used as stressed environments, and significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or mutation sites were investigated after culture in the ordinary liquid media (control) and the stressed environment through a genome‐wide association study. As results, several SNPs or mutations during incubation were observed under different environments in E. piscicida and/or V. harveyi in the genes relevant to flagella, fimbria type 3 secretion systems, and outer and inner membranes that have been directly exposed to external environments. In particular, given that flagella and fimbriae are considered important factors in differentiating the serotypes in some bacterial pathogens, it can be speculated that different environmental pressures are the source of phenotypic or serotypic differentiation from the same origin. On the other hands, S. parauberis did not exhibit notable changes for 4 h when inoculated in the serum from olive flounder. The results presented in this study provide examples of possible molecular evolution in pathogens relevant to the aquaculture industry as a response to different environmental pressure.
Quantitative analysis of typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics in livestock feed using terahertz spectrum
Authors: Cao Yaoyao , Jia Nan , Li Xia , Zhu Jun , Li Bin
Published: June 2022

The antibiotic residues are increasing concerns in agricultural and food products, an effective, rapid, and accurate detection method of antibiotics is still in exploration stage for applications. In this study, we employed terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a tool to find its feasibility to detect quinolone antibiotics in livestock feed (LSF) quantitatively. A total of 220 samples with pefloxacin (PEF) and fleroxacin (FLE) in LSF were prepared separately and the THz spectrum of each sample was measured using a TERA K15 THz‐TDS system. Then, the absorption characteristics of PEF and FLE in THz band were analyzed. For the binary and ternary mixtures, successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm, and the combination algorithm (CARS‐SPA) were selected as dimensionality reduction process methods, and back propagation neural network (BPNN) was selected to establish a model for the quantitative analysis. The results showed, PEF has two typical absorption peaks at 0.775 and 0.988 THz, and FLE has two typical absorption peaks at 0.919 and 1.088 THz, which implies the features can be used for qualitative identification. For the quantitative analysis, The CARS‐BPNN model achieved the best predictive ability based on the prediction set, and the correlation coefficients can reach 0.98 for both the binary and ternary mixtures. The results also showed that predictive models of the ternary mixtures have better performance than that of the binary mixtures. The research provides theoretical and technical reference for practical detection of antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry industry.
SSRI antidepressants differentially modulate serotonin reuptake and release in Drosophila
Authors: Dunham Kelly E. , Venton B. Jill
Published: June 2022

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are commonly prescribed treatments for depression, but their effects on serotonin reuptake and release are not well understood. Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, expresses the serotonin transporter (dSERT), the major target of SSRIs, but real‐time serotonin changes after SSRIs have not been characterized in this model. The goal of this study was to characterize effects of SSRIs on serotonin concentration and reuptake in Drosophila larvae. We applied various doses (0.1–100 μM) of fluoxetine (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), and paroxetine (Paxil), to ventral nerve cord (VNC) tissue and measured optogenetically‐stimulated serotonin release with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). Fluoxetine increased reuptake from 1 to 100 μM, but serotonin concentration only increased at 100 μM. Thus, fluoxetine occupies dSERT and slows clearance but does not affect concentration. Escitalopram and paroxetine increased serotonin concentrations at all doses, but escitalopram increased reuptake more. Citalopram showed lower concentration changes and faster reuptake profiles compared with escitalopram, so the racemic mixture of citalopram does not change reuptake as much as the S‐isomer. Dose response curves were constructed to compare dSERT affinities and paroxetine showed the highest affinity and fluoxetine the lowest. These data demonstrate SSRI mechanisms are complex, with separate effects on reuptake or release. Furthermore, dynamic serotonin changes in Drosophila are similar to previous studies in mammals. This work establishes how antidepressants affect serotonin in real‐time, which is useful for future studies that will investigate pharmacological effects of SSRIs with different genetic mutations in Drosophila.

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Obstetric venous thromboembolism: Evaluation of prophylactic approach based on risk scores, D‐dimer levels, and ultrasonography findings in a tertiary hospital in Japan
Authors: Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Ohara Rena , Hosokawa Yoshihiko , Nishida Keiko , Abe Haruna , Mayumi Miyuki , Ishizu Tomoko , Endo‐Kawamura Naho , Hamada Hiromi , Satoh Toyomi
Published: June 2022

Aim

Pulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of maternal mortality in developed countries despite developments in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach involving risk‐scoring, D‐dimer level assessment, and ultrasonography for obstetric venous thromboembolism.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included women who delivered at 22–41 weeks of gestation in The University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan between January and December 2020. Venous thromboembolism risk (determined according to Japanese guidelines) and D‐dimer levels were evaluated within 20 weeks of gestation, 30–34 weeks of gestation, and during the pre‐delivery period (36 weeks of gestation or any time before preterm delivery). Compression and color Doppler ultrasonography for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis were performed if D‐dimer levels were ≥3.2 μg/mL (for those undergoing cesarean delivery, 1.0 μg/mL).

Results

Of 1026 women, 6 women had deep vein thrombosis during pregnancy and 1 during the puerperium period. Pulmonary embolism was not observed. The D‐dimer screening result was positive for 8 women (2%) within 20 weeks of gestation (deep vein thrombosis was confirmed in 3 of them), 87 women (10%) (no deep vein thrombosis) at 30–34 weeks of gestation, and 367 women (36%) during the pre‐delivery period (asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in one). Based on the Japanese guidelines, 1%, 11%, 33%, and 55% of women had high, intermediate, low, and no postpartum risk factors, respectively.

Conclusions

Our approach appears useful for antenatal venous thromboembolism screening in the first trimester. For postpartum prophylaxis, more cost‐effective strategies are needed.
Are anterior mesh arms necessary in Japanese‐style transvaginal mesh surgery for cystocele?
Authors: Watanabe Masaki , Takeyama Masami , Kuwata Tomoko , Kashihara Hiromi , Kato Chikako , Hirota Miho
Published: June 2022

Aim

In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the medium‐term efficacy and safety of surgery with transobturator two‐arm transvaginal mesh for cystocele and to verify whether the anterior arms are necessary for Japanese‐style transvaginal mesh surgery.

Methods

The study included 203 patients with cystocele who underwent transobturator two‐arm transvaginal mesh at our hospital between August 2015 and June 2017 and received appropriate follow‐up care for at least 48 months after surgery.

Results

The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage was III in all the patients. Intraoperative complications included two cases of bladder injury and one case of more than 200 mL of blood loss. The mean observation period was 51.9 months, and prolapse recurred in the operated compartment in nine patients (4.4%). No cases of mesh exposure were observed. In comparing the preoperative characteristics of the 9 patients with prolapse recurrence at the surgical site with those of the other 194 patients, we found that the recurrence rate was significantly higher among patients in whom point Ba being 3.5 cm or more and among patients younger than 66 years.

Conclusions

Transobturator two‐arm transvaginal mesh for cystocele was as good and safe as the procedure previously reported with four‐arm mesh; thus, it was possible to omit the anterior mesh arms in Japanese‐style transvaginal mesh surgery. Patients should be informed preoperatively that prolapse recurs at a significantly higher rate among younger patients and in those whose point Ba being 3.5 cm or more.
Interparental conflict and mindful parenting practices: Transactional effects between mothers and fathers
Authors: Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study examined the transactional relations between mothers' and fathers' destructive interparental conflict tactics and mindful parenting practices.

Background

According to family systems theory and spillover hypothesis, interparental conflict sets the stage for parents' future levels of conflict as well as parenting difficulties. However, research on the link between conflict and mindful parenting practices remains scarce. The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal relations between mothers' and fathers' interparental conflict tactics and mindful parenting practices.

Method

Participants were 386 families involving mothers and fathers of adolescent children at 12–17 years old. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaire reports of destructive interparental conflict and mindful parenting at two time points spanning 12 months apart. A structural equation model was conducted to examine the relations between conflict tactics and mindful parenting practices.

Results

Findings indicated that mothers' and fathers' destructive conflict predicted their own and their spouses' subsequent destructive conflict, as well as mindful parenting practices. Mothers' and fathers' mindful parenting predicted their own mindful parenting longitudinally, but did not predict the other variables.

Conclusion

Supporting the spillover hypothesis, this study revealed the longitudinal effect of interparental conflict on mindful parenting, regardless of parent gender. Findings suggested dyadic effects between mothers and fathers, in that destructive conflict tactics were associated with future conflict tactics and mindful parenting practices employed by themselves and their spouses.
RATANA FIELD, POTWAR FOLD BELT, NORTHERN PAKISTAN: HIGH INTENSITY FRACTURE ZONES RELATED TO MAJOR THRUST FAULTS AS REVEALED BY SEISMIC FRACTURE PREDICTION
Authors: Shoaib Khalid , Zafar Zaheer A. , Raja Zeeshan Ali , Burley Stuart D.
Published: June 2022

The Northern Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) of the frontal Himalayas in northern Pakistan hosts many oil and gas fields located in thrust sheets and associated folds. The presence of fractures in Paleogene carbonates at >3 km target depths with very little or no primary porosity is an essential part of reservoir storage and connectivity. Predicting fracture presence, distribution and orientation is therefore key to successful exploration, appraisal and field development in the NPDZ.

The Ratana field is an under‐developed fractured carbonate reservoir in the NPDZ. Advanced offset vector tile (OVT) PSTM and PSDM processing of a new generation of wide azimuth 3D seismic acquired across the field followed by seismic attribute generation and fracture modelling was used to investigate structural complexities and image fracture networks. Fracture strike characteristics are revealed by PSDM seismic attributes, OVT fracture prediction, FMS/FMI data and structural interpretation across a range of scales. The resulting seismic images show the presence of major WNW‐ESE trending back thrusts which cross the field, and predict that steeply‐dipping fracture systems are spatially associated with these thrusts. The strike of the OVT‐predicted fractures is consistent with the regional trend of the Ratana field bounding thrusts, as well as with the orientation of fractures indicated from FMI/FMS logs. Fractured reservoir is best developed in the Paleocene Patala and Lockhart Formation limestones but is poor in the Eocene Sakesar Formation. Fractured limestone reservoirs occur in the western part of the field where thrust intensity is high, but are less well developed in the gently folded anticline in the eastern part of the field. OVT fracture prediction surface maps are consistent with production data from the field in that areas of high fracture intensity in wells Ratana‐2 and Ratana‐4 are associated with higher production compared to the less well fractured areas around the Ratana‐1 and Ratana‐3 wells.

The advanced seismic acquisition and processing is thus an exceptional example of a step change in seismic imaging at the reservoir and deeper levels, enabling compartment and fracture prediction to provide the Ratana field with a new lease of life. This fracture prediction approach provides a new structural framework for further exploration across the NPDZ and also potentially in other onshore fold‐and‐thrust belts.
Using the TIDieR checklist to describe the intervention of the Sedation and Weaning in Children (SANDWICH) trial
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N. , Blackwood Bronagh , McAuley Daniel F. , Morris Kevin , Peters Mark J. , Jordan Joanne , Walsh Timothy Simon , McIlmurray Lisa
Published: June 2022

Background

Published reports of complex interventions in randomized controlled trials often lack sufficient detail to allow trial replication and adoption into practice.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to describe our experience of using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist in reporting a recent trial of sedation and ventilation weaning in critically ill children (the Sedation and Weaning in Children [SANDWICH] trial).

Methods

The TIDieR 12‐point checklist has been used to detail and describe the specific SANDWICH trial intervention and methods of implementation.

Results/Discussion

Overall, we found the checklist a useful tool to direct and ensure consistency of reporting of our complex intervention used in a multi‐centre clinical trial. We experienced some minor limitations in classifying training materials and delivery mode into one item because of the overlapping nature of this component.

Conclusion

Using the TIDieR checklist to report complex interventions tested in trials provides a structured, systematic way of describing necessary detail. This allows clinicians to understand the theory behind the intervention, how it should be delivered, and the resources required.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The SANDWICH intervention had a significant beneficial effect on reducing time on ventilation for children. The detailed description of the team‐based intervention will aid replication, implementation and monitoring of fidelity in other paediatric intensive care units.
Forecasting Under Structural Breaks Using Improved Weighted Estimation
Authors: Lee Tae‐Hwy , Parsaeian Shahnaz , Ullah Aman
Published: June 2022

In forecasting a time series containing a structural break, it is important to determine how much weight can be given to the observations prior to the time when the break occurred. In this context, Pesaranet al. (2013) (PPP) proposed a weighted least squares estimator by giving different weights to observations before and after a break point for forecasting out‐of‐sample. We revisit their approach by introducing an improved weighted generalized least squares estimator (WGLS) using a weight (kernel) function to give different weights to observations before and after a break. The kernel weight is estimated by cross‐validation rather than analytically derived from a parametric model as in PPP. Therefore, the WGLS estimator facilitates implementation of the PPP method for the optimal use of the prebreak and postbreak sample observations without having to derive the parametric weights, which may be misspecified. We show that the kernel weight estimated by cross‐validation is asymptotically optimal in the sense of Li (1987). Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application to forecasting equity premium are provided for verification and illustration.
Pediatric drug utilization evaluation of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam
Authors: Prasopchoknapaporn Priengrutai , Boonsathorn Sophida , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: June 2022

Background

Drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is a systematic, criteria‐based assessment of medicine that aims to optimize the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the DUE on prescriptions of two commonly used antibiotics in a pediatric population, cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam, in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

This quasi‐experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, between March 2020 and August 2021. All hospitalized children aged 1 month to 20 years who received at least one dose of cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam were enrolled. Before implementing the DUE, cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam prescriptions were retrospectively evaluated using the DUE criteria. During the 6 month DUE implementation period, physicians voluntarily chose to use DUE to assess the prescriptions' appropriateness. Demographic data, antibiotic use, and clinical data were recorded.

Results

There were 304 prescriptions of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam, with 108 empirical prescriptions (72 patients) in the DUE group and 158 prescriptions (138 patients) in the non‐DUE group. The appropriateness of empirical prescriptions of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam was significantly higher in the DUE group (93.5% vs. 83.5%; P = 0.003). Drug utilization evaluation was significantly associated with appropriate empirical prescriptions (adjusted OR 5.32: 95% CI 1.80–15.73; P = 0.003). Prescriptions in critical care wards and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were associated with not fulfilling the DUE criteria for appropriateness.

Conclusions

Drug utilization evaluation could improve the appropriateness of empirical use of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric patients. Patients in critical care units and with UTIs appeared to be associated with inappropriate empirical treatment.
A sensible experientialism?
Authors: Grant James
Published: June 2022

Experientialism in aesthetics is the view that the artistic merit or the aesthetic value of something is determined by the final value of certain experiences of it. These are usually specified as experiences of it with understanding and appreciation. Until recently, experientialism was the dominant view. Not anymore. Experientialists are now subject to a barrage of objections, many of which they have not answered. Here I argue that all of these objections fail. I develop a new form of experientialism that is immune to them. It also has an independent rationale. It incorporates an account of the value of art appreciation that is plausible in its own right. And it endorses many of the core insights of anti‐experientialists, especially concerning the final value of good art. Those of us unconvinced by experientialism need to take this form of it seriously. I conclude by identifying some genuine problems it faces. Even these aren't clearly insoluble.
Therapeutic writing in a programme for binge eating disorder—A tool to come closer to clarifying feelings
Authors: Oftedal Eileen , Ueland Venke , Rørtveit Kristine
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Therapeutic writing involving affect consciousness (AC) can be used to put difficult topics into words. In this study, we investigated how patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced therapeutic writing and AC in the context of cognitive behavioural therapy. The elements were included in an existing cognitive behavioural therapy group programme and the participants' experiences investigated qualitatively.

Aim

To investigate therapeutic writing as experienced by patients in the context of a BED group programme focusing on AC.

Method

A phenomenological, hermeneutic design with semi‐structured interviews was employed. Eight participants were recruited after completing the BED programme at a Community Mental Health Centre on the West Coast of Norway.

Findings

Four sub‐themes emerged: Struggling to achieve a flow in the writing process, Deeper understanding of eating patterns through writing, Moving specific feelings towards the surface by writing and Greater insight into oneself as a human being by shared writing. Based on the sub‐themes, one main theme was developed: Therapeutic writing in a binge eating disorder programme means focusing on oneself as a human being by becoming closer to one's feelings.

Conclusion

Therapeutic writing offered in treatment for BED involves individual movements at different levels, including processes of awareness of feelings, cognitions and oneself as a human being.
City Diplomacy Beyond Metrocentricity: The Case of Flanders
Authors: Koelemaij Jorn , Derudder Ben
Published: June 2022

City diplomacy is a rapidly growing and increasingly researched phenomenon, but to date most research has focused on major cities and eye‐catching city networks. This paper extends this literature by examining city diplomacy practices in Flanders, Belgium, a region defined by its many mid‐sized and smaller cities. Drawing on a combination of an exploratory survey and indepth interviews, five main themes are discussed: (i) internal organization, (ii) bilateral city diplomacy, (iii) multilateral city diplomacy, (iv) strategies and (v) motivations. We conclude that Flemish cities' city diplomacy broadly align with international trends, with their approaches increasingly centred on economic and financial motives. However, while some of the larger cities join a range of formal city networks to gain policy inspiration and international visibility, smaller cities' opportunities are much more limited and their main goal is often to get involved in projects that are funded by the European Union.