bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noun Class System in Ikhin, an Edoid Language
Authors: Oladimeji Olaide , T. Opoola Bolanle
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the noun class system in Ikhin, an Edoid language in South-South, Nigeria. Unlike other related Edoid languages examined and investigated by various scholars, nothing has been said on the noun class system in Ikhin. The paper establishes noun prefixes and concord prefixes in modifiers such as demonstrative and possessive pronouns. Although inherited, this paper confirms that majority of the nouns are inflected for number by means of prefix vowel alternation. The study also confirms that the language maintains most of the noun class distinctions in Edoid languages. The paper examines morphological alternations and their implications for phonology. It is argued that vestiges of vowel harmony appear in the patterning of vowels in nouns and in the way vowels alternate in prefixes. Vestigial evidence of concord which is normally the hallmark of a noun class system in Edoid languages was discovered in modifiers such as demonstrative and possessive pronouns.
Assessment of ITP Learners’ English: A Needs Analysis
Authors: Nhut Nguyen Minh
Published: September 2021

This study is to seek out learners’ needs of International Training Program (ITP) English course (batch 58) at the English and Foreign Languages University (EFLU) in India. Thirty participants involved in the survey come from nine different countries. The questionnaire-based survey is designed with a focus on two main categories: Target situation analysis (TSA) and Present situation analysis (PSA), which is based on the adaptation of the theoretical frameworks of Dudley-Evans and St John (1998) and of Hutchinson and Waters (1987). The result of TSA has shown that Office job and Social communication are learners’ main purposes for this English course. Two most important elements that the learners expect to develop from this course are oral communication and listening skills, and linguistic knowledge of grammar and pronunciation. Meanwhile, the finding of PSA has indicated vocabulary as their most difficult element. The majority of learners perceive that they are at the third current level of English proficiency, whereas speaking skills are most frequently used in the workplace. Finally, this study has indicated the proportional relation of the elements of PSA to those of TSA. The overall finding contributes to the design for a proper English specific course for learners’ needs in the future.
The Metaphorical Interpretation of English and Chinese Body-part Idioms Based on Relevance Theory
Authors: Di Fangfang
Published: September 2021

As a special language coding way and language phenomenon, metaphor is an important form when humans use language in communication. However, metaphorical mappings are not arbitrary. They are based on our physical experience of the world around us. Idioms are the crystallization of human language and culture and play an important role in human communication. The idiomatic meaning is not simply the sum of the lexical meanings, but often the metaphorical meaning extended from the literal meaning. The paper is based on the relevance theory proposed by Sperber and Wilson (1995), adopts the methods of comparative analysis and text analysis, and takes the idioms of “body metaphor” contained in English and Chinese as the main research object to explore the following questions: 1. What is the interpretation model of the “body-part metaphors” in idioms? 2. In English and Chinese idioms, what are the similarities and differences in the use and interpretation of body-part metaphors? Firstly, the idioms of body-part metaphor are classified based on their projection types, then analyzing the projection methods of each type. Finally, through the new reasoning model guided by relevance theory to analyze the reasoning process of body-part metaphor in English and Chinese idioms, exploring the importance of cognitive context in the interpretation of body-part idioms.
A fault tree-based approach for aviation risk analysis considering mental workload overload
Authors: Che Haiyang , Zeng Shengkui , You Qidong , Song Yueheng , Guo Jianbin
Published: September 2021

Many lives and aircrafts have been lost due to human errors associated with mental workload overload (MWLOL). Human errors are successfully considered in existing Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. However, MWLOL is considered through Performance Shaping Factors indirectly and its information is hidden in FT construction, which is not conducive to analyze the root causes of human errors and risks. To overcome this difficulty, we develop a risk analysis method where Multiple Resources Model (MRM) is incorporated into FTA methods. MRM analyzes mental workload by estimating the resources used during performing concurrent tasks, probably including abnormal situation handling tasks introduced by basic events in FT. Such basic events may cause MWLOL and then trigger corresponding human error events. A MWLOL gate is proposed to describe MWLOL explicitly and add these new relationships to traditional FT. This new method extends previous FTA methods and provides a more in-depth risk analysis. An accident, a helicopter crash in Maryland, is analyzed by the proposed method.
A look at the C3 and C5 proteins in the Covid-19
Authors: Mosquera-Daza Henry David
Published: September 2021

The emergency caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the Covid-19 disease, has triggered a global pandemic. One of the most characteristic factors of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the deregulated activation of the complement system, especially by proteins C3 and C5. These proteins trigger initiation reactions such as maintenance of inappropriate biological activities in addition to uncontrolled immune responses by immune cells, especially neutrophils. They generate various pathologies such as acute stroke, heart attack, coagulopathies, multiorgan failure, inflammation, immunothrombinosis, heart failure, acute kidney injury, acute injuries in the lung area, thrombotic microangiopathy, pneumonia, and dysfunctional immune responses. Because of the crucial role played by proteins C3 and C5 in the infection by the SARS-COV-2 virus, new complement system inhibition treatments have emerged as a possible first line of defense against the worst symptoms developed during Covid-19 disease. This article will review in a general way, the role of C3 and C5 proteins and the treatments aimed at the inhibition of these same proteins during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) de Tierradentro, San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Velasco-Rojas Germán Darío , Gallego-Cotazo Karen Nathalia , Becoche-Mosquera Jorge Mario , Bolaños-Martínez Ivon Andrea
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo es el primer registro sobre la caracterización de la diversidad de lepidópteros (Papilionoidea) en el Parque Arqueológico de Tierradentro, vereda de San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considerada como una región ecoturística y de importancia cultural para el país. Se establecieron recorridos a lo largo de tres coberturas vegetales identificadas como bosque secundario, cultivos de pancoger y potrero. Para la recolecta de mariposas se emplearon dos métodos de muestreo, el primero con red entomológica y el segundo mediante el uso de trampas tipo Van Someren Rydon. Se registró un total de 128 especies, distribuidas en 99 géneros y cinco familias (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae y Lycaenidae). Las coberturas de bosque y cultivos presentaron la mayor diversidad, probablemente por la heterogeneidad vegetal observada. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el bosque presentaba algunas especies indicadoras que se asocian con buenos estados de conservación.
Control surface design for radio-controlled aircraft. Case: SAE Aero Design Micro-class prototype
Authors: Márquez Rafael A. , Martínez Miguel A. , Martínez Manuel J.
Published: September 2021

This research article presents a design methodology for primary control surfaces (Ailerons, Rudder and Elevator) for experimental unmanned radio-controlled aircraft. The methodology is based on the proposal and standardization of the required mechanical and aerodynamic analysis for each control surface sizing, considering the SAE Aero Design competition objectives within Micro Class. It is used on empirical results previously described in references about aeronautical design, computerized fluids dynamics (CFD) software, and aircraft controllability regulations in order to obtain the design variables. Based on this information, the iteration sequences required for design were automated by a C++ language code to obtain the optimal characteristics for each surface, thereby reducing the possibility of calculation errors, overall time, and workload invested in the design process. The application of the methodology to the latest aircraft design reduced the total control systems weight to the aircraft’s empty weight ratio to a minimum of 3.4%.
Separation of carvone by batch distillation from the mixture obtained from limonene oxidation
Authors: Becerra Chalá Jaime Andrés , Villa Holguín Aída Luz
Published: September 2021

Limonene is the main constituent of citrus oils whose oxidation produces a set of fine chemical compounds such as carvone, carveol, and limonene 1,2-epoxide. This contribution reports the results of the experimental evaluation and computational simulation of carvone separation by fractional distillation from the reaction mixture. Carvone was obtained from limonene oxidation over a perchlorinated iron phthalocyanine supported on modified silica catalyst (FePcCl16-NH2-SiO2) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant. Both experimental and simulation results support that fractional distillation (in batch and continuous) is a suitable technique for concentrating carvone. However, in the presence of water, the formation of immiscible L-L phases makes the experimental separation of carvone more difficult. Simulation results of the batch distillation incorporating the NRTL-RK thermodynamic model indicate that if water, acetone, and t-butanol are previously removed from the reaction mixture, carvone composition can be enriched in the reboiler from 4% up to 50%, or around 86.5% if the removal is in a third distillate cut under vacuum conditions.
Electric power management in a microgrid analyzing photovoltaic arrays and a turbine-generator system
Authors: López-Meraz Raúl Alberto , Hernández-Callejo Luis , Jamed Boza Luis Omar , Del Ángel Ramos Jorge Arturo , Marín Hernández Juan José , Gómez Victor Alonso
Published: September 2021

One of the priority objectives of microgrids is to achieve energy self-sufficiency, generally resorting to distributed generation sources and backup systems; however, they are usually connected to conventional electrical networks that ensure supply to the loads. Addressing this problem, this work presents a proposal (managing elements) to minimize the dependence of power from the external electrical system in the months of greatest demand and thus guarantee the supply of the other months. The proposed methodology compares two statistical techniques: central composition design with 20 simulated experimental replicas and regression with 28. In both cases, the monthly average purchased power is analyzed as a primary response and its standard deviation as a secondary. The study variables are seven photovoltaic arrays and the feed characteristics of the turbine-generator storage of the microgrid of the Center for Development of Renewable Energies (CEDER), belonging to the Center for Energy Research, Environmental and Technological (CIEMAT). The results, with high predictive quality supported by indexes of approach to the real values of solar radiation and the operation of the turbine-generator binomial, provide regions where CEDER has the possibility of increasing the capacities of solar systems and/or modifying the geometry of the mini-hydraulics supply according to your specific conditions.
Estudos de usuários da informação sob a perspectiva das práticas informacionais
Authors: Goulart Andrea Heloiza , Kafure Ivette
Published: September 2021

O artigo caracteriza brevemente os estudos de usuários, na Ciência da Informação para, em seguida, expor os paradigmas da Ciência da Informação e relacioná-los com as diferentes abordagens empregadas nos estudos de usuários da informação. Por ter seu foco voltado para o prisma social e para a perspectiva das práticas informacionais, otexto detalha tais conceitos e apresenta três exemplos de pesquisas desenvolvidas sob esta ótica. Finalmente, são discutidas as formas como os aludidos conceitos po-dem ser aplicados na prática.
Fuentes archivísticas del encuadernador Antonio de Sancha en la Real Academia Española durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Carpallo Bautista Antonio , Blázquez Márquez Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer quién fue Antonio de Sancha como encuadernador oficial de la Real Academia Española en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, mediante el análisis de los libros de acuerdos, cuentas anuales, anotaciones de conserje y recibos del Archivo. Una vez analizada toda la documentación, se procedió a la consulta del catálogo de la Biblioteca para localizar las obras halladas en los documentos y se analizaron in situ todas las encuadernaciones, mediante una descripción de los materiales empleados, técnicas de construcción, técnicas y elementos decorativos y estado de conservación. Además, se digitalizaron las encuadernaciones y los detalles decorativos, como hierros, guardas y marcas de propiedad, lo que permitió actualizar los corpus de hierros de Antonio de Sancha y conocer el número de ejemplares, precios, a quiénes iban dirigidas las obras y la relación con otros encuadernadores e impresores. Así, se contribuyó al conocimiento de la historia de la propia Real Academia y también de la historia de los talleres de encuadernación madrileños y españoles de la última parte del siglo XVIII.
Apropiación social de la ciencia y comunicación pública del conocimiento, dos actividades inherentes a la investigación universitaria
Authors: Gaviria-Velásquez Margarita , Majía-Correa Adriana
Published: September 2021

Este artículo plantea una reflexión en torno a un concepto que se perfila como parte de las nuevas funciones misionales de las universidades, que debe ser plasmado en una política institucional para permitirles cumplir una función que les compete de manera directa. Esta función consiste en acercar a la sociedad el conocimiento generado como producto de la labor investigativa y de extensión, de tal forma que tengan un mayor impacto y, a la vez, sea una oportunidad institucional para contribuir con la responsabilidad social. En este sentido, se hizo una revisión de los conceptos de apropiación social de la ciencia o del conocimiento y comunicación pública del conocimiento o comunicación social de la ciencia, para entender el significado y especialmente los alcances que cada uno tiene en el contexto de la universidad pública, en el que cobra gran relevancia el aporte que esta puede hacer a la sociedad. Adicionalmente, aclarar estos conceptos facilitará la labor de los investigadores al momento de definir los productos o formas de difundir el resultado de sus investigaciones.
Validation of a method employing liquid chromatography to identify and quantify glycomacropeptide of casein in raw milk
Authors: Bernal Chia Orlando , Murcia Rubiano Fernando , Ávila Guzmán Olga Lucía , Guzman Gualteros Jenifer Yaneth , Arias Casallas Willinton Arturo , Morales Maria Victoria
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The information on official testing methods, or regulatory methods in Colombia to test whey in milk is limited; this restriction of information goes against the possibility of mitigating the risk of food fraud. OBJECTIVES: The validation of an HPLC method to determine casein glycomacropeptide (c-GMP), a protein that countries such as Brazil, Spain, and Ecuador have used as an indicator of raw milk adulteration with whey, was carried out. METHODS: A 10mL sample of raw milk is precipitated with 24% TCA using ultrasound, a process followed by filtration. The collected fraction ensured the separation of c-GMP and then injected into the liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A 30 minutes analysis allowed the determination of c-GMP with a retention time of 12.9 ± 0.5 minutes. The performance characteristics method in the validation exercise were: recovery percentage 99.97%, linearity R2> 0.95; % RSD accuracy <5.3%. CONCLUSION, the method exhibits desirable attributes for the intended purpose.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of photodynamic skin therapy
Authors: Kruglova Larisa S. , Surkichin Sergey I. , Griazeva Natalya V. , Kholupova Lyudmila Sergeevna , Mayorov Roman Yuryevich
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy is an innovative technique for non-invasive skin rejuvenation by stimulating neocollagenogenesis.
AIMS: The aim of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy on the skin using a wavelength of 660 nm, as a photosensitizer (PS) Spherometallochlorin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into 2 stages. The first stage of the study involved 5 female laboratory rats. The first stage was divided into 2 substages: 1A the oral mucosa of 5 rats were irradiated for 30 minutes with 5 wavelengths of 660 nm (energy 100 J/cm2, power 100 mW/cm2). 1B FS Spherometallochlorin was applied to the skin of the back of rats after preliminary shaving in the form of 0.4% gel. Before applying the topical agent, after 15 minutes of exposure, after 30 minutes of exposure, after 45 minutes of exposure, in order to assess the penetration of the PS, a punch biopsy was taken in the area of application of the gel. The second stage of the study involved 15 female volunteers aged 21 to 65 years. At stage 2A, the skin behind the ear of 5 women was irradiated for 30 minutes at a wavelength of 660 nm (energy 100 J/cm2, power 100 mW/cm2) using a PS 0.4% gel containing Spherometallochlorin. Stage 2B evaluated the effectiveness of the effect of PDT procedures on the skin of 15 women. Skin condition was assessed using cutometry, corneometry, measurement of transepidermal water loss, and punch biopsy samples of the parotid skin (before and after the course of procedures), photographing and assessment of unwanted effects were also carried out.
RESULTS: The histological picture before and after the study was similar. The preparation usually contained small fragments of the oral mucosa. The superficial squamous non-keratinizing epithelium was of normal morphology. On the surface of some fragments, hemorrhages (artifact of material sampling) were present. No inflammation, edema or hyperemia was observed in the underlying mucosa. Thus, no signs of inflammation or burns were found.
CONCLUSION: The used radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm is completely safe, does not cause pathological changes in the skin. The course of PDT procedures is a safe, effective method causing remodeling of the dermis. PDT using 660 nm radiation and Spherometallochlorin as a PS can be recommended for use in practical health care.
Pustular psoriasis and arthropathy in a patient with HIV infection. Clinical case
Authors: Nekrasova Elizaveta G. , Dubensky Valery V. , Dubensky Vladislav V. , Alexandrova Olga A. , Muraveva Eатерина S.
Published: September 2021

The article presents a clinical case of pustular psoriasis and arthropathy in a patient with HIV infection. The diagnosis of psoriasis was confirmed by morphological examination. Signs of arthropathy were confirmed by X-Ray: presence of oligoarthritis of the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers and feet was seen. Dactylitis severity ― 23 points, the Ritchie index ― 2, DLQI ― 28. The clinical course of psoriasis and its treatment in HIV-infected patients was considered after taking into account the data from literature and the patients current condition and observation. The above observation of a combination of several clinical forms of psoriasis (vulgar, pustular and arthropathy) in patients with HIV infection is an illustration of the features of the course and comorbidity of chronic dermatosis and AIDS, due to the influence of the infectious process, immunosuppression and ART. The development of pustular form and arthropathy creates the additional challenge of prescribing basic systemic treatment for severe and complicated psoriasis in an HIV-infected patient due to the presence of contraindications due to comorbidity. The glucocorticosteriod selected by the committee was effective on the skin and joint pathological processes, without having any negative impact on the course and treatment of the HIV infection. Such cases require further study and development of methods for the treatment of patients with comorbidity and their inclusion in an additional section in the clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis.
Subacute disseminated microbial eczema in an adolescent
Authors: Grebenyuk Vladislav N. , Popov Igor V. , Isaeva Vera L. , Zatorskaya Natalya F.
Published: September 2021

Microbial eczema among the various clinical forms of eczema in the structure of incidence ranks is on the second position after the true one. Adults get sick more often than children. The pathogenesis of microbial eczema is based on misfunctions in the immune status and microbial sensitization of the body Due to bacterial background, as well as dysbiosis in the microbiome.
The clinical picture of the disease is characterized by asymmetric localization of rashes on the limbs in the form of single plaques. The affected skin is reddish, squamous, slightly infiltrated. Outside the main foci, papulovesicular and pustular lesions, crusts are observed. Rash is not not always accompanied by itching. Microbial eczema was of a limited nature, manifested by coin-shaped foci, dot weeping, crusts.
We observed a patient of 15 years before admission to the hospital was ill for 8 months. At the same time, during the last three months, the pathological process on her skin existed acutely without any dynamics. The occurrence of a rash is not associated with anything. Multiple efflorescence were located throughout the skin, on the scalp, ears, in the ear region, on the face, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs, buttocks, accompanied by severe itching. The inflammatory pathological process was represented by excoriations, wet spots, erosions, crusts and erythematous-squamous foci of various shapes and sizes. Dermographism pink.
Repeated outpatient treatment brought temporary improvement. Due to the lack of therapeutic effect in the last 3 months, the patient was hospitalized in the branch Kolomensky. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination diagnosed disseminated subacute microbial eczema. Against the background of adequate therapy, the anti-inflammatory pathological process was completely resolved. Recommendations are given to maintain the achieved therapeutic effect.
Photogallery. Sarcoidosis (part 1)
Authors: Snarskaya Elena S. , Teplyuk Natalia P.
Published: September 2021

Sarcoidosis (synonym: BenierBeckSchaumann disease, benign granulomatosis, chronic epithelioid cell reticuldoendotheliosis) ― is a multisystem disease from the group of granulomatosis, of unknown etiology, the morphological feature of which is the development of epithelioid cell granulomas without caseous necrosis fibrosis in the tissues of various organs. Taking into account the variety of clinical lesions, there are three main forms: extrathoracic, intrathoracic, mixed (generalized).
Pathophysiological mechanisms of resistive breathing
Authors: Byalovsky Yury Yu. , Rakitina Irina S.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of resistive breathing by using a model of a conditioned respiratory reflex to external resistance to breathing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inspiratory resistive loads were used 11, 28, 54, and 78 cmAq/l/s to model a conditioned respiratory reflex. External respiration was parametrized on the basis of the analysis of motor and ventilatory outputs. Conditioned signals were pure sounds exceeding the threshold of perception by 10 db at 2000 Hz frequency. All the test persons were divided into two groups (large and small groups) according to the initial reinforcement value. (1) In the large group (37 individuals), the conditioned reflex was formed from 11 cmAq/l/s that was subsequently increased stepwise in the load to 76 cmAq/l/s. (2) In the small group (18 individuals), the initial reinforcements were different gradations of resistive loads, with a stepwise transition to the other parameters of an unconditioned stimulus. The period of the isolated application of a conditioned signal (CS) was 20 s, the interval between signals was not fixed, varying from 2 min to 4 min. Six to eight combinations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were used for 1 day of the experiment.
RESULTS: The increase in the added respiratory resistance was associated with the pronounced reduction of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation, that is, with the hypoventilation type of resistive load realization. Changes in ventilation during the isolated application of a conditioned signal had an alternative character. In particular, as the reinforcement factor increased, a pronounced shift to hyperventilation was noted.
CONCLUSION: The reinforcement value of the conditioned reflex changed stepwise, thereby significantly restructuring the proportion between the effectiveness of the adaptive activity in the realization of external resistance to inspiration (the time of stay under a certain load) and its physiological cost (totalities of the deviations of physiological and energy parameters).
Possibilities of the early diagnosis and prognosis of complicated clinical forms of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Tarasenko Sergey V. , Natalskiy Alexander A. , Peskov Oleg D. , Bogomolov Aleksey Yu. , Nikiforov Aleksandr A. , Avilushkina Elena O. , Tarakanov Pavel V.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to improve the methods for the diagnosis of complicated clinical forms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by evaluating the clinical significance of the polymorphisms of the genes of cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1), transmembrane regulator of cystic fibrosis (CFTR), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of CP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on the clinical base of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Ryazan State Medical University, Center for Surgery of Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract in Ryazan in 20142019. A total of 108 patients of both genders aged 2565 years were examined. Of these patients, 38 were surgically treated for complicated CP, 20 had complicated CP without surgery, and 50 had uncomplicated CP (control group). A comparative clinical study with the control group of patients was performed, and the genotype was simultaneously determined on days 1 and 10 under controlled laboratory parameters. DNA was isolated from the leukocytes of the whole blood by using a DNA-expressing blood reagent (OOO NPF Litekh, Russia) for further analysis.
RESULTS: No polymorphism of cationic trypsinogen PRSS1 gene and cystic fibrosis-2 CFTR2 gene was found. The predictive value of these polymorphisms was insignificant. For the polymorphism of CFTR1 cystic fibrosis-1 gene, the odds ratio was 0.444, but this finding was not significant. Among patients with the complicated clinical forms of CP, mutations were observed in the PRSS1 cationic trypsinogen gene (c2 = 6.453, p = 0.012) and ADH (c2=14.176, p = 0.001). Conversely, they were not detected in the CFTR-1 gene (c2 = 0.873, p = 0.351), CFTR-2 (c2 was not determined), and SPINK1 (c2 = 0.873, p = 0.351). The polymorphisms of the ADH and PRSS1 genes of cationic trypsinogen were associated with more evident structural changes in the parenchyma and ductal system of the pancreas. They also had a higher likelihood of complications, severe disease course, and a lower efficiency of conservative treatment. The polymorphism of the ADH gene increased the risk of the development of the cystic form of CP (c2 = 5.898, p = 0.016).
CONCLUSION: The polymorphism of ADH and cationic trypsinogen genes should be determined and used for the complex diagnosis of CP to specify indications for the surgical treatment of patients with CP.
Completed cases of provision of medical care and lethal outcomes in insured individuals with respiratory diseases in the Ryazan region
Authors: Manukhina Elena V. , Yurina Svetlana V. , Gladkih Sergey I.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the volume of medical care (MC) provided to the population within the territorial program of compulsory medical insurance (CMI). This study also aimed to examine the lethal outcomes of insured individuals with respiratory diseases (RD) for 5 months in 2020 and 5 months in 2019 in the Ryazan Region during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis was carried out on the basis of the paid registers of the accounts submitted by medical organizations to medical insurance organizations. These accounts were grouped in accordance with the order of the Federal CMI Fund No 104 On Establishment of the Form and Procedure for Reporting on Cases of Providing MC and the Results of Expertise of the Quality of MC dated June 04, 2018. In this study, all the completed cases of the treatment of the insured individuals with RD (ICD-10 codes: J00-J99) in the medical organizations of the Ryazan Region in 20192020 within the compulsory medical insurance were selected. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Microsoft Excel application package (Microsoft, USA) and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: The completed treatment cases of the insured individuals with RD in 2020 were categorized according to the age of patients, nosological form, and conditions for the provision of MC. They had different dynamics of growth/decline relative to the same period in 2019. In the structure of the cases of the MC provision, RD accounted for 13.2% (third place). This tendency was observed in the group of patients aged 60 years (7.8%). In patients aged 1860 years, the proportions of RD (18.0%) and diseases of the digestive system (18.1%) were higher than those of the diseases of the circulatory system (14.2%). The total number of cases of the MC provision to patients with this pathology for 5 months in 2020 decreased by 12.9% compared with that for 5 months in 2019 (11.3% in the age group of 1860 years and 16.6% in individuals aged 60 years). Despite the 38.3% decrease in the number of hospitalizations, the number of the completed cases of specialized MC for pneumonia increased by 27.7% (43.9% in the age group of 1860 years and 11.4% in the age group of 60 years). The comparative analysis of 5 months in 2020 and 2019 showed a 57.1% increase in deaths among patients aged 60 years in the provision of specialized MC and a 20.0% reduction among individuals aged 1860 years.
CONCLUSION: The number of insured individuals seeking MC for RD increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the level of hospital lethality was low. Therefore, the organizational level of MC in the region was high, and medical organizations were adequately prepared for emergency situations with the preserved provision of high-quality MC.
Review of dura mater substitutes in neurosurgical practice
Authors: Mai Roni B. , Popov Vladimir E. , Osidak Egor O. , Domogatsky Sergey P. , Nalivkin Aleksandr E. , Mishina Ekaterina S.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to summarize the accumulated experience and compare available materials for the plasty of dura mater (DM) defects. The growing number of patients with craniocerebral traumas and an increasing amount of neurological surgeries for tumor processes and congenital malformations resulted in an increased amount of DM defects and associated complications. Despite the development of high-efficiency medical products, the percentage of postsurgical CSF leakage remains high and reaches 32% in case the defect is in infratentorial locations. Suitable substitute materials should be developed for the repair of dural defects because of complications such as pseudomeningocele, postsurgical inflammatory processes, CSF leakage, implant rejection, and cicatrical adhesion. In this article, basic materials, including auto- and allografts, biological substances, and synthetic materials, for the repair of dural defects were reviewed. Their positive and negative properties depending on the kind and location of lesions and on the type of material used were discussed. The main characteristics to be fulfilled by an ideal dura mater substitute were analyzed. Composite materials were considered a promising trend in modern bioengineering.
CONCLUSION: An ideal material for the repair of DM defects should have the following properties: plastic, nonimmunogenic, watertight, highly porous, high surface area of fibers, cell growth stimulating, supportive for the survival of cells until they completely integrate with host tissues, conveniently replaceable, and adhesive. No ideal transplant materials can meet all the above demands. Biological, synthetic, and host tissues only supplement one another. Relevant studies have yet to be performed to obtain a more versatile and time and cost effective material that can satisfy all the requirements of modern neurosurgery. The existing results of preclinical studies have demonstrated that composite materials are similar to synthetic materials in terms of the strength and properties of biological tissues for the migration and proliferation of cells. In the future, they may become a promising alternative to biological substitutes.
Experimental study on disorders in the activity of macrophages in the acute period of different severities of cerebral stroke
Authors: Kulchikov Andrey E. , Morozov Sergey G. , Musin Rashit S. , Grinenko Elena A.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The development of immunosuppression in the acute phase of cerebral stroke may lead to infectious and inflammatory complications. However, data on the functional activity of macrophages are insufficient to understand the pathogenesis of stroke.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the functional activity of macrophages in the acute period of experimental cerebral stroke (ECS) of different severities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an experimental study on 45 Wistar rats, the functional and spontaneous metabolic activity of macrophages in the spleen and abdominal cavity and the induced metabolic activity of peritoneal macrophages were evaluated through the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium via spectrophotometry. The spontaneous and induced adhesive activity and the inhibition of the modified adhesive activity of peritoneal macrophages were examined via crystal violet staining by using a colorimetric method. ECS was modeled by the rotational movements of mandrel-knife inserted into the region of capsula interna (c.i.) on the left by guiding a needlecannula with the subsequent damage of vessels and the formation of mild (local incision of vessels in the region of c.i.), moderate (additional introduction of autologous blood in the area of c.i.), and severe (cutting of vessels from c.i. to pia mater with the subsequent introduction of autologous blood into the damaged area) hemorrhage. Data were evaluated in 72 h after different severities of ECS were modeled.
RESULTS: In 72 h after ECS with different severities was modeled, the functional and spontaneous metabolic activity of splenic macrophages significantly decreased compared with those in the control group. The functional, spontaneous, and induced metabolic activity of peritoneal macrophages significantly reduced compared with those in the control group. The adhesive activity of peritoneal macrophages significantly increased compared with that of the control group. These disorders exacerbated in animal models with a more severe degree of stroke.
CONCLUSION: In the acute period of ECS, the functional activity of macrophages decreased, whereas their adhesive activity increased. These phenomena enhanced in more severe models of stroke.
Assessment of the radiation safety of drinking water and surface water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Voronezh region
Authors: Mekhantyev Igor I. , Stepkin Yuriy I.
Published: September 2021

AIM: This study aimed to assess the radiation safety of surface water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water used by the population of the Voronezh Region (VR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fond materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in VR in 20152019 were used. The following parameters were analyzed: total and activities and specific activity of radioactive substances in the water of open reservoirs (137Сs, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and in the sources of drinking water (210Po and 222Rn). The annual effective dose was calculated on the basis of the probable consumption of drinking water from the centralized drinking water supply systems. The content of radionuclides in the water of open reservoirs was analyzed in three control points and in drinking water found in 2,036 water intake artesian wells of the centralized drinking water supply systems. Then, 100% of the sources were surveyed in terms of total and activities. The radiation safety of bottled drinking water from nine manufacturers was assessed on the basis of the data of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Water in open reservoirs and drinking water, including water packaged in containers, were laboratory controlled on the basis of an accredited testing laboratory center (Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the VR) by using MKS-01A Multirad spectrometric installation (Akvilon, Russia). UMF-2000 - and -radiometers were utilized to measure small activities (NPP, Doza, Russia).
RESULTS: According to the regional databases of Rospotrebnadzor Administration regarding water from open water bodies for the population (three monitoring points: Tikhaya Sosna, Sukhaya Khvorostan, and Usman rivers) in 20152019, values did not exceed the intervention limit that was registered in terms of the content of the controlled radioactive substances (210Ро, 234U, 222Rn, and 137Сs) and the total and activities. Water from artesian wells used for drinking and domestic purposes fully met the requirements of radiation safety. The average annual effective radiation doses (AAERD) of the population in the VO in 74 settlements within the zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster ranged from 0.05 mSv/year to 0.12 mSv/year, which was significantly lower than the threshold value (1 mSv/year). The analyzed drinking water samples, water packaged in containers, and the samples produced in the region were in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including those for 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclide contents.
CONCLUSION: Radiation monitoring in the VR revealed that the content of technogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and other standardized parameters of radiation safety in water of open reservoirs and drinking water did not exceed the threshold values.
Case report of a massive pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery
Authors: Dorn Anna , Galkin Peter , Kalmykov Egan , Majd Payman
Published: September 2021

The majority of arterial pseudoaneurysms treated in our department of vascular surgery are consequences of catheter-associated medical procedures and located in the groin region. Clinical signs, combined with the recent history of a percutaneous intervention, ensure quick diagnosis and therapy. However, pseudoaneurysms can develop after any artery of the body is injured. No consensus on the therapeutic strategy is achieved because of the rare nature of this injury. This study provided an overview of the methods described in previous studies and contributions to their clinical experience.
A case of a young man whose injury was not recognized immediately and who presented months after the accident with a pseudoaneurysm of unusual location and size was reported. Sonographic diagnosis was confirmed through computed tomography angiography, and open surgical repair was performed with satisfactory results.
Conclusion. This case is a reminder that seemingly minor accidents can cause arterial injury, and patients should be carefully examined to avoid delayed diagnosis and therapy.
The Use of Social and Affective Strategies to Improve the 7th Graders’ Speaking Participation and Performance
Authors: Yuniar Carinta Rizki , Astuti Utari Praba , Furaidah
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The objective of this study is to improve the students’ speaking participation and performance with the use of social and affective strategies. The research design used in the study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The stage of CAR was adapted from Kemmis and McTaggart (1988) which consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The subjects of the research were 30 seventh graders of class VII-H at SMPN 9 Malang in the second semester of academic year 2019/2020. This study was conducted directly at SMPN 9 Malang in one cycle of CAR in three meetings. To collect the data, an interview guide, an observation checklist, a field note and a speaking rubric were used as instruments. The findings of study showed that the students’ speaking participation and performance successfully improved after implementing social and affective strategies. The criterion of success set by the researcher was 70. The mean speaking score for the preliminary test and the final test increased from 60.4 to 77.2. The use of social and affective strategies improved students’ interaction with other students as well as managed their attitude, emotion, and motivation in speaking.

Keywords: speaking skill, social strategy, affective strategy

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi dan performa berbicara siswa dalam Bahasa Inggris dengan penggunaan Strategi Sosial dan Afektif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tahapan PTK yang digunakan diadaptasi dari Kemmis dan McTaggart (1988) yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Terdapat sejumlah 30 siswa yang berasal dari kelas VII-H SMPN 9 Malang semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang terlibat sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan langsung di SMPN 9 Malang dalam satu siklus PTK yang terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Untuk mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan pedoman wawancara, checklist observasi, catatan lapangan dan rubrik berbicara sebagai instrumen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi dan performa berbicara siswa berhasil ditingkatkan setelah menerapkan Strategi Sosial dan Afektif. Kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan peneliti adalah 70. Nilai rata-rata berbicara siswa sebelum kedua strategi diterapkan dan setelah diterapkan terbukti meningkat dari 60,4 menjadi 77,2. Penggunaan Strategi Sosial dan Afektif meningkatkan interaksi siswa dengan siswa lain serta mengatur sikap, emosi, dan motivasi mereka dalam berbicara.

Kata kunci: keterampilan berbicara, strategi social, strategi afektif
Pengaruh Model Project Base Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif pada Materi Bermain Alat Musik Sederhana di SMP Negeri 3 Singosari
Authors: Wulandari Dwi , Rahayuningtyas Wida , Widyawati Ika Wahyu
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Creative thinking is the ability used to solve a problem with ideas that are owned by an individual. Learning the Art of Music is learning that requires creativity and creative thinking in the learning process, especially in the practice of playing musical instruments. To develop creative thinking skills in playing musical instruments, it is necessary to apply a Project Base Learning Model that can encourage students to express their ideas and creativity in solving problems. This study aims to determine the effect of Project Base Learning Model on students' creative thinking skills in playing simple musical instruments at SMP Negeri 3 Singosari. This research is a Quasi Experiment. The population in this study were all grade VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Singosari with a sample of class VII H and VII I SMPN 3 Singosari who were taken randomly. The hypothesis test results obtained a statistical value t count of -3,775 or 3,775. This value is more than the t table, so the null hypothesis is rejected. The average difference between the experimental and control groups was 0.184 with an average gain score of the experimental group being higher than the control group. These results indicate that the class average score using the project base learning  model is higher than the class that does not use the project base learning model.

Keywords: Model Project Base Learning, creative thinking ability

Abstrak: Berpikir kreatif adalah kemampuan yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah dengan ide-ide yang dimiliki oleh seorang individu. Pembelajaran Seni Musik merupakan pembelajaran yang membutuhkan kreativitas dan berpikir kreatif dalam proses pembelajarannya terutama pada praktik bermain alat musik. Untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam bermain alat musik, perlu diterapkan Model Project Base Learning yang dapat mendorong siswa untuk mengekspresikan ide-ide dan kreativitas mereka dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Project Base Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam bermain alat musik sederhana SMP Negeri 3 Singosari. Penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperiment. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Singosari dengan sampel kelas VII H dan VII I SMPN 3 Singosari yang diambil secara acak. Hasil uji hipotesis didapatkan nilai statistik t hitung sebesar -3,775 atau 3,775. Nilai tersebut lebih dari t table, sehingga hipotesis nol ditolak. Perbedaan rata-rata antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol sebesar 0,184 dengan rata-rata gain score kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut menyatakan bahwa nilai rata-rata kelas yang menggunakan model project base learning lebih tinggi daripada kelas yang tidak menggunakan model project base leraning.

Kata kunci: Model Project Base Learning, kemampuan berpikir kreatif