bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability analysis of 50000 kN hydraulic support test bench under shrinkage test conditions
Authors: Jiang Biao , Han Liguo , Zhao Lijuan , Pang Qingqing , Gao Qizhang , Du Na
Published: September 2024

The large mining-height hydraulic support test-bed serves as a crucial tool for heavy hydraulic support factory inspections and type testing. With the successful development of the ZY29000/45/100D hydraulic support, the need for a large high-mining hydraulic support test-bed has become evident. This paper combines the theory of rigid-flexible coupling in virtual prototypes and ADAMS multi-body dynamic simulation technology to analyze the strength of the 50,000 kN hydraulic support test-bed. ANSYS classic modules were employed to address the flexibility of key components within the test-bed. The fatigue life of the test-bed was analyzed using NSOFT software, the von Mises yield criterion, and the Goodman modified curve. The S-N curve of material parameters for the test-bed components was used to conduct a shrinkage test. The results indicate that the lowest position is the most vulnerable during the shrinkage test. Among the key components, the stress on the pin bearing is 356.6 MPa, which is 167.9 %, 123.3 %, and 41.6 % higher than that of the pillar, movable beam, and base, respectively. The fatigue life of the base under low, medium, and high shrinkage conditions is1.1×107, 4.0×108, and 1.7×108, with damage values of 8.8×10-8, 2.5×10-9, and 5.7×10-9, respectively. The base’s life under low shrinkage conditions is the shortest, followed by that under high shrinkage conditions. These research findings provide technical guidance and an optimization foundation for the successful development of a 50000 kN hydraulic support test-bed. They also offer a new method and approach for analyzing and predicting the fatigue life of key components in large-scale industrial and mining equipment operating under complex conditions, with promising practical applications.
Life Cycle Analysis Comparison of Stabilizing Materials for Expansive Soils
Authors: Benghazi Zied , Tobal Rima , Djellali Adel
Published: September 2024

Expansive soils present significant challenges to infrastructure stability, necessitating the use of stabilizing materials. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle analysis (LCA) research design to evaluate the environmental sustainability of various stabilizing materials for expansive soil. The study uses a quantitative analysis assessing materials, including cement, limestone, natural pozzolana, iron ore tailings, and geopolymers (especially alkali-activated slag cement). The method involves a comprehensive LCA, considering phases from raw material extraction through production, use, and disposal. The analysis reveals distinct differences in environmental impact. Cement and lime, common stabilizers, show a high carbon footprint. Natural pozzolana and iron ore tailings exhibit potential as supplementary cementitious materials with reduced environmental impact. Geopolymers, particularly alkali-activated slag cement, offer promising alternatives with lower carbon emissions. This research contributes insights into sustainable geotechnical practices, guiding material selection aligned with environmental goals for effective expansive soil stabilization.
Conducta suicida en niños, niñas y adolescentes expuestos a violencia: una revisión panorámica
Authors: Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Piñeros Ortíz Sandra Elizabeth , Moreno Martínez Daisy Mariana
Published: September 2024

El conocimiento disponible sobre la conducta suicida en poblaciones pediátricas expuestas a violencias está disperso, y se requiere una aproximación sistemática con valoración crítica sobre lo divulgado en esta materia. Se realizó una revisión panorámica con el objetivo de describir el alcance y la naturaleza de la literatura publicada acerca de la exposición a violencias y su relación con la conducta suicida en niños, niñas y adolescentes en el periodo 2010-2020. Se consultaron las bases de datos JSTOR, LILACS, PubMed y SciELO empleando como palabras claves descriptores del área de la salud en español, inglés y portugués. Se incluyeron artículos de investigaciones desarrolladas en cualquier localización geográfica y en poblaciones con edades entre 6 y 19 años. De un total de 1.578 estudios recuperados, se seleccionaron 31 para revisión a texto completo. La mayoría de los trabajos revisados emplearon argumentación con referentes teórico-conceptuales del campo biomédico, lo que explica las lecturas académicas sobre conducta suicida en poblaciones pediátricas expuestas a violencias que privilegian realidades biológicas, de modo habitualmente descontextualizado respecto a los asuntos psicológicos y sociales que las pueden estar determinando.
Bastones de mando y fragilidad de la democracia en contextos de violencia: Chiapas, México y Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Varón Rojas Diego Hernán , Delgado López José Enrique
Published: September 2024

Los tsotsiles y tseltales de los Altos de Chiapas México, y los Nasa del Cauca Colombia comparten algunos elementos, como el uso del bastón de mando, que implica un fundamento simbólico de su resistencia y lucha sostenida en el tiempo. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la fragilidad de la democracia en contextos de violencia experimentada por comunidades indígenas en dos países de América Latina. La novedad de esta investigación radica en la inclusión de las seis características de la democracia, propuestas por Robert Dahl y reconocidas como la poliarquía. Como estudio comparativo, abarca tanto casos específicos y localizados como generalizaciones teóricas más amplias. Actualmente, estas comunidades se encuentran en el fuego cruzado entre narcotraficantes, grupos al margen de la ley y fuerza pública, que cuestiona la suficiencia de los bastones de mando para seguir respondiendo a los ataques contra la democracia.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Online Course on Pediatric Malnutrition for Syrian Health Professionals: Qualitative Delphi Study
Authors: Sahyouni Amal , Zoukar Imad , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: September 2024

Background

There is a shortage of competent health professionals in managing malnutrition. Online education may be a practical and flexible approach to address this gap.

Objective

This study aimed to identify essential competencies and assess the effectiveness of an online course on pediatric malnutrition in improving the knowledge of pediatricians and health professionals.

Methods

A focus group (n=5) and Delphi technique (n=21 health professionals) were used to identify 68 essential competencies. An online course consisting of 4 educational modules in Microsoft PowerPoint (Microsoft Corp) slide form with visual aids (photos and videos) was designed and published on the Syrian Virtual University platform website using an asynchronous e-learning system. The course covered definition, classification, epidemiology, anthropometrics, treatment, and consequences. Participants (n=10) completed a pretest of 40 multiple-choice questions, accessed the course, completed a posttest after a specified period, and filled out a questionnaire to measure their attitude and assess their satisfaction.

Results

A total of 68 essential competencies were identified, categorized into 3 domains: knowledge (24 competencies), skills (29 competencies), and attitudes (15 competencies). These competencies were further classified based on their focus area: etiology (10 competencies), assessment and diagnosis (21 competencies), and management (37 competencies). Further, 10 volunteers, consisting of 5 pediatricians and 5 health professionals, participated in this study over a 2-week period. A statistically significant increase in knowledge was observed among participants following completion of the online course (pretest mean 24.2, SD 6.1, and posttest mean 35.2, SD 3.3; P<.001). Pediatricians demonstrated higher pre- and posttest scores compared to other health care professionals (all P values were <.05). Prior malnutrition training within the past year positively impacted pretest scores (P=.03). Participants highly rated the course (mean satisfaction score >3.0 on a 5-point Likert scale), with 60% (6/10) favoring a blended learning approach.

Conclusions

In total, 68 essential competencies are required for pediatricians to manage children who are malnourished. The online course effectively improved knowledge acquisition among health care professionals, with high participant satisfaction and approval of the e-learning environment.
The Effectiveness of Plant Toxins from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L., 1753) and Purple Lavender (Lavandula officinalis L., 1753) on Rice Bettle Sitophilus oryzae L. (1758)
Authors: Hafida Ilma Adella Putri , Falahudin Irham
Published: September 2024

Kumbang Beras Sitophylus oryzae merupakan salah satu hama yang harus dibasmi dikarekan mengambil peran dalam penyusutan kualitas beras terutama pada gudang penyimpanan. Biasanya para petugas gudang penyimpanan membasmi hama Kumbang Beras Sitophylus oryzae dengan insektisida buatan. Namun insektisida buatan sangatlah tidak ramah terhadap lingkungan. Peneliti berusaha membawa solusi untuk masalah tersebut. Pada penelitian ini menjabarkan solusi untuk menciptakan insektisida alami yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Telah terbukti bahwa insektisida alami jauh lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan insektisida buatan. Penelitian ini mengunakan serbuk simplisia Tanaman Bunga Telang Clitoria ternatea dan Lavender Ungu Lavandula afficinalis  sebagai bahan uji untuk melihat kemampuan toksinnya terhadap hama Kumbang Beras Sitophylus oryzae hingga menyebabkan mortalitas. Peneliti mengunakan kuantitas 2 gram, 4 gram, 6 gram, dan 8 gram yang diserati dengan kontrol pada masing-masing tanaman. Hasil data yang didapatkan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dan mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) serta mengunakan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) mengunakan aplikasi SPSS ver.25 untuk mengetahui beda nyata signifikan terhadap bahan uji. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa serbuk simplisia Lavender Ungu Lavandula afficinalis L. dapat membunuh hama Kumbang Beras Sitophylus oryzae lebih banyak yaitu dengan jumlah kematian mencapai 63 ekor dan kuantitas 8 gram dengan jumlah angka mortalitas tertinggi.
Anatomical Development and Histochemical Study of Steril Ovule Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.)
Authors: Pamungkas Wanda Aulia , Susanti Siti
Published: September 2024

In this section, the abstract must be written in English. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a plant that grows and spreads throughout Indonesia. This plant is widely cultivated because of its economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule at the tip, middle and base of the female strobili and to determine the content of secondary metabolites in melinjo sterile ovule. The material used is sterile ovulum melinjo at the tip, middle and base of the female strobilus. In observing the anatomical development of sterile melinjo ovule, preparations were made using the paraffin method, single staining, and observed under a microscope. The anatomical data of the sterile ovule were analyzed descriptively. Observation of secondary metabolite content was carried out through histochemical tests, then observed with a light microscope and the results of the observations were documented using OptiLab. The results of observing anatomical development show that at different ages of melinjo sterile ovule there are structural differences in the constituent tissues. The results of observations on anatomical development show that at different ages the melinjo sterile ovule has structural differences in its constituent tissue, the more mature the melinjo sterile ovule, the constituent tissue is increasingly degraded. Histochemical test results showed that the sterile melinjo ovule contained secondary metabolites of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids.
Design and Implementation of Multi-Configuration Rolling Machine
Authors: Mustafa F.F. , Al-Musawi S.Q. , A. Mahdi Hussain , Salloomi K. N. , Reda S.D. , Al-Ashaab Ahmed , Al-Jumaily Adel
Published: September 2024

For decades, metal corrugated sheets have usually been manufactured using conventional roll-forming machines with lower and upper rollers or a die and a press as the main shaping elements. However, these machines and their related processes present economic disadvantages because of additional expenses required to improve and manage forming tools. To overcome these drawbacks, reconfigurable machines, such as dedicated and flexible manufacturing systems, were used as alternatives; they possess high flexibility for accomplishing forming processes. Reconfigurable machines are designed around a particular family of manufactured outcomes, allowing for high system flexibility. In light of the latest developments in reconfigurable machine design, this study proposes a new sheet metal forming roller called the discrete multi disk roller (MDR) as an alternative to the traditional roller design. Unlike existing processes, the MDR minimises production costs associated with material loss and effectively decreases forming errors. Furthermore, it utilises multi-disk as reconfigurable rollers. The technique and applicable procedure of the MDR are described, and wavy sheets with different dimensions and shapes are formed to verify the applicability of the reconfigurable roller, a critical component in the forming process. Thirteen parts with different configuration profiles were produced using the proposed MDR machine.
Electrochemical Extraction with Supported Liquid Membrane for Removing Copper from Synthetic Wastewater: Optimisation through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: R. Kadhim Noor , M. Flayeh Hussain , Abbar Ali H. , Al-azzawie Hasan F.
Published: September 2024

In this study, copper was removed from an aqueous solution through electromembrane extraction (EME), a new approach that utilises a two-chamber electrochemical cell. It consists of two electrodes (stainless steel cathode and graphite anode) and a solid liquid membrane (SLM). SLM is composed of supporting polypropylene membrane impregnated with1-octanol as an organic solvent and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) as a carrier. The effects of process parameters such as applied voltage, pH and copper concentration on the removal of copper were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimise these parameters and their interactions. Results indicated that pH has the major effect on the removal of copper, followed by applied voltage. The squared interaction term in the RSM model has the highest contribution (70.5%), followed by the linear term, thereby confirming the significant interaction among the variables. The optimum conditions include an applied voltage of 60V, pH of 5.18 and initial copper concentration of 5 ppm, which yield to a removal efficiency of 80% after 6 hours of operation. The findings demonstrate the use of electromembrane extraction as an efficient method for the removal of heavy metals and provide valuable insights for future application to other environmental and water treatment processes.
A Proposed Control Algorithm for Automated Storage and Retrieval System m (ASRS)
Authors: R. Hameed Ali , F. Abdulateef Osama
Published: September 2024

تقدم هذه الورقة البحثية خوارزمية مبتكرة تهدف إلى تحسين أداء نظام حركة المحرك الخطوي الذي يعمل بنظام الحلقة المفتوحة من خلال إغلاق الحلقة باستخدام اجهزة ذات كلفة معقولة ، تحقق الخوارزمية المقترحة مستوى أعلى من المرونة من حيث السرعة ومدى الاوزان المسموح بها لأجهزة S / R. تم تصميم الخوارزمية للعمل ضمن نظام تحكم موزع (DCS) ، حيث تعمل وحدات تحكم متعددة معًا لتلبية متطلبات المستخدم. من خلال تقليل متطلبات الأجهزة ، وقوة المعالجة، والتوقف المحتمل بسبب الاعطال والتكاليف ، توفر الخوارزمية المقترحة حلاً سهل الاستخدام وفعال من حيث التكلفة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تعالج الخوارزمية النسبة بين عزم الدوران / السرعة  للتعويض عن مشاكل الوزن الزائد المحتملة واستهلاك الطاقة في آلات S / R ، وبالتالي تحسين كفاءتها الإجمالية. بفضل ميزاتها الفريدة ، تتمتع هذه الخوارزمية بإمكانية إحداث ثورة في طريقة عمل أنظمة الحركة ذات المحركات الخطوية ذات الحلقة المفتوحة ، مما يجعلها أكثر كفاءة وفعالية من حيث التكلفة.
Local Red Culture under the Background of the Whole Environment Research and Practice on the Enlightenment of Red Morality of Preschool Children in Rural Areas—A Case Study of Kindergartens in Zhaojue County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province
Authors: Li Wenting
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the study and practice of local red culture on the enlightenment of rural preschool children's red morality under the background of the whole environment. Taking the kindergarten of Zhaojue County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province as an example, this paper discusses how to incorporate the local red culture into the creation of the kindergarten environment, and generate the kindergart-based curriculum with local characteristics, so as to promote the moral development of rural preschool children.
The Main Body and Legal Basis of American Graduate Degree Awarding Authority
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Li Haiyan
Published: September 2024

The right to confer postgraduate degrees is involved a key measure to universities and its students. Nations in the world pay a very high attention to postgraduate education and play it core role. As we known, U.S. has rich resources and great influences in the field of higher education worldwide. And there are many students from all over the world to enroll American universities to study for master or doctor degree. Although the degree is divided into curriculum and paper degree, the quality of both are strictly regulated and guaranteed in the United States. The main body has become different types of universities and diversity pattern in the course of developing. The right to award degree was struggled by universities in the development of history, and it is a part of its charter. In the process, the legitimacy of awarding degree gradually was established. As so far, it is known as an important measure for the development of universities and students. There are different bodies of the right to grant graduate degrees in American universities, and the methods of obtaining graduate degrees are also different. How to ensure that the right to confer university degrees is not affected by the government and its actions? This paper will explicit from the point view of legal basis.
Exploring and Construction On Practicality Instruction System in Engineering Education Based On CDIO Concept
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Zhou Haixia
Published: September 2024

Choosing a faculty of the college as an attempt, the author analyzed the CDIO concept and its necessity in practicality instruction system, discussed the construction of practicality instruction system in engineering education under the direct of CDIO concept.
Building a Leader Framework for Post-Pandemic Response Expertise for Higher Education Future Reality
Authors: Makina Antonia
Published: September 2024

A successful future for higher education is dependent on the level of preparedness to manage future crises that are no longer linear processes in the best way possible. The severe disruption of academic progress post-COVID-19 across the globe brought a growing sense of chaos in the education system. This forced education institutions to adopt a rapid re-design of institutional strategic systems that called for different kinds of responses in different contexts because previous successful leadership approaches often fail in crisis situations. However, the challenges brought about by the chaos have positively presented humanity with many opportunities to re-think and re-engineer a new way of doing business. Therefore, this paper designs and develops a post-pandemic conceptual model that is an approach to crisis management, quick decision-making, and quick problem-solving to enable general adaptation to future pandemics. 
Through a developmental research design and a comprehensive literature review, an adaptive emergence response cycle (AERC) was developed and built around the theory of chaos, the reflective practitioner theory, using the adaptive approach. One potential benefit of the post-pandemic response model was the creation of an emergency response equation that was best suited for the post-pandemic crises. This model allows higher education management to be protected by planning generalizable futuristic crisis models.
Evaluation of the Impact of Webinar on Teaching Mathematics to Undergraduate Students
Authors: Etukudo Udobia Elijah , Eze Foluke Bosede
Published: September 2024

Webinar is an application of video conferencing to communicate with a group of persons and have discussions as if all are in the same place. It is a handy tool for distance learning and educational-based communication. Employing webinars in education has the advantage of helping users achieve their goals in their comfort zones. In this study, a survey of 250 undergraduate students and 50 mathematics teachers on the impact of webinars on the teaching of mathematics was carried out. The students were divided into 50 students majoring in mathematics and 200 students who offered mathematics as a compulsory course. All the teachers were university lecturers currently teaching mathematics in the universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. All the subjects are familiar with the webinar. Fourteen-item Likert Scale questionnaire was used for the study. Data collected were analyzed using a chi-square test at a .05 significance level. The result reveals that webinars are an acceptable medium for teaching mathematics but with reservations. The proviso is that it should be used where one–to–one interaction is impossible. Secondly, the webinar package should be wealthy so that while discussing, it would be easy to understand and waste of resources on data avoided.
Teachers’ Remuneration and Students’ Involvement in Public Secondary Schools in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Ajadi Olugbenga Timothy
Published: September 2024

Student involvement is a central aspect of effective teaching. This is because students are central to the main reason why teachers are employed and, more so, the reason for school establishment. As a result, this study investigated regular teachers’ remuneration, the level of students’ involvement, and the influence of teachers’ remuneration on student involvement in public secondary schools in southwest states of Nigeria. The study population comprised all teachers in the public secondary schools in southwest states of Nigeria. A sample size of 1,080 was calculated and derived using Research Advisor’s Table at 95% degree of confidence with a 5% error margin. The questionnaire was used to elicit information from respondents. The study found that teachers’ remuneration is not promptly and regularly paid. In addition, the level of student involvement is low and teachers’ remuneration significantly influences student involvement in public secondary schools in southwest states in Nigeria. It was recommended that teachers’ remuneration be paid promptly and regularly and that the government improve teachers’ service conditions by increasing their remuneration to reflect the economic reality in Nigeria.
Using Special Physical Education Curriculum-Based Measurement to Improve Student Motor Development in Both General and Special Needs Population: Review of Early Research Lasting More than Five Decades
Authors: Popović Miloš
Published: September 2024

The main goal of this study is to acquaint experts in the field of education with the results of early research, which are related to the problems they face even now when it comes to sensitive groups with special needs. Previous experiences can be a good indicator of different models of action for pedagogues and managers within the modern education system. Inclusive education has become a reality faced by all participants in the process. Effective action models have been adopted in developed countries, primarily Western countries. However, in less developed countries, it is evident that the problem of inclusion is faced later, primarily due to legal regulations and the need for more funds for specific training of all participants. This issue is especially neglected when it comes to inclusion in the physical education of children with various disorders in motor development. Examples from practice in earlier research can be a good guide for overcoming various obstacles that all participants face today, both in special and inclusive physical education. Controversies are still occurring between supporters of the traditional particular education approach versus the modern, inclusive education model. A better familiarity with the issue can contribute to overcoming prejudices, which this overview study of earlier research can contribute.
STABILITY INDICATING HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR EVEROLIMUS
Authors: DAMLE MRINALINI C. , KAITKAR PAYAL Y.
Published: September 2024

Objective: Developing and validating a stability-indicating method for everolimus by HPTLC and depiction of degradation product of in alkaline conditions by LC-MS.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase using Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl Acetate (6:2:2v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The evaluation was carried out at 277 nm. For the developed stability indicating method, the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines were used for validation. Stress degradation studies like hydrolysis under different pH conditions, photolytic degradation, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation as per ICH Q1A (R2) and Q1B guidelines were performed. LC-MS analysis was carried out for the standard everolimus and its alkaline degradation sample using TOF analyser and the degradation pathway was proposed for each degradation product.
Results: The Rf value of everolimus was found to be 0.63±0.03. The response was quite linear over the concentration range of 100-500 ng/band, with the regression coefficient value of 0.9921. Under alkaline hydrolytic conditions, everolimus was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The Retention Time (RT) and prominent mass fragmentation (m/z) for the everolimus standard were observed at 9.46 min with m/z values of 980.56 and 908.54. For the degradation products, DP-1 showed an RT of 8.88 min with m/z values of 349.23, 403.24, 574.33, and 646.35, while DP-2 exhibited an RT of 9.10 min with m/z values of 926.55, 614.32, and 542.30. These data were used to propose the structures of the degradation products.
Conclusion: The proposed method can conveniently be applied for quantitative analysis of everolimus on routine basis and for stability testing under different stress environments.
CRISPR-CAS9-MEDIATED EX VIVO GENE EDITING FOR INHERITED HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS: ADVANCEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND CLINICAL POTENTIAL
Authors: PANDA ATASI RANJAN , DAS SHREEYA
Published: September 2024

Global healthcare systems have a great challenge in the form of inherited hematological diseases, which necessitates the development of new remedial strategies. By precisely targeting inherited abnormalities, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated ex vivo gene editing has surfaced as a promising approach to treat these diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the advancements, challenges, and clinical eventuality of CRISPR-Cas9-intermediated ex vivo gene editing for inherited hematological diseases. With advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 technology, the eventuality to correct inheritable mutations responsible for inherited hematological diseases is within reach. However, challenges such as off-target effects, immune responses, and ethical considerations need to be addressed for the safe and effective perpetration of this technology. A promising understanding of how CRISPR-Cas9-intermediated gene editing functions in practice is handed by ongoing clinical studies, giving rise to the possibility of advanced remedial approaches and bettered patient issues. By addressing these complications in a human-readable format, this review attempts to provide greater understanding and appreciation for the eventuality of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in revolutionizing the treatment landscape for these challenging disorders and contribute to the ongoing discussion in the field and facilitate further exploration towards effective treatments for these challenging disorders.
REVIEW OF NANOEMULGEL FOR TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Authors: AZHAR MOHAMMAD , MISHRA AMUL
Published: September 2024

The skin is the largest of the body’s organs and it has a big role to play in maintaining homeostasis and defending against microbial invaders. Fungal infections are responsible for a large proportion of the global burden of skin diseases; affecting millions, especially in developing countries. The application of antifungal drugs as topical agents is one of the best techniques to treat major fungal infections that affect the skin, which involves several advantages such as localized delivery, and lower systemic toxicity among others. These findings also suggest that nano-emulgel could be used as an alternative system for delivering drugs through topical administration. However, issues such as the inability to load bulky drug molecules and safety concerns about surfactants and gelling agents limit their potential use as drug carriers by this pathway. It is necessary to carefully study these issues further so that we can exploit fully what this nano-emulgel may offer in terms of dermatological medications.
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM: CONDITION DEVELOPED BY NON-ADHERENCE
Authors: GLADWIN EVANGELINE , PATEL MUDRA , MISTRY MANSI
Published: September 2024

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is a rare immune-mediated complication of leprosy, characterized by painful nodules and fever, and can lead to anemia and leucocytosis. A 19 y old male with a history of non-adherence to 12 adult multi-bacillary multi-drug therapy packs for leprosy presented with a 15 d complaint of fever and aggravated painful, raised, red skin lesions over two y. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, microcytic anemia, and traces of blood and ketones in the urine. Acid-fast bacilli with a grade of 1+ were observed in Ziel-Neelson-stained smears, confirming the diagnosis. The patient received systemic Dexamethasone, the standard treatment for Erythema Nodosum Leprosum, and resumed leprosy treatment. Symptomatic care was given, and the patient was discharged. This case highlights the importance of early detection, efficient monitoring, and adherence to therapy to reduce ENL-related morbidity and mortality. The study emphasizes that a regular watch should be kept on leprosy patients to ensure early intervention and prevention of complications.
Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Zest and Pulp in Red and Yellow Grapefruit Varieties
Authors: Bouabid Bahia , El Yahyaoui Ouafae , El Bakkali Mohamed
Published: September 2024

The global cultivation and considerable demand for citrus fruits has given them a prominent place among fruit crops. With them being known for their virtues, health benefits, and characteristic aroma and taste, grapefruits have been accepted as an important food in our diets. Indeed, they play a key role in providing the nutrients to support good health. In this context, we sought to identify the nutritional characteristics of two varieties of grapefruit (citrus paradisi), namely yellow and red. We therefore investigated the water, protein, fiber, total sugar, and fat contents in the zest and pulp of these two species based on international food standards. We also quantified the various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids through gas chromatography. Our results revealed an interesting richness in these grapefruit varieties in terms of factors like total sugar, proteins, and fat, particularly in the peel, as well as a high-water content and energy value. Several fatty acids were also identified, mainly palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, which are highly sought after for their therapeutic benefits. This nutrient density highlights the value of these fruits and demonstrates that promoting its consumption can help improve human health and quality of life. This assortment of nutrients found in our samples, as well as the abundance of phenolic compounds already noted in other research studies, highlight this fruit and show the importance of its various parts - peel and pulp - in improving quality of life and human mental and physical health.
Quantitative Analysis of Agricultural Programmes’ Effectiveness in Reducing Unemployment Rate in Nigeria
Authors: Asuquo Innocent A. , Ajah Eucharia A. , Ohen Susanna B.
Published: September 2024

Unemployment remains a pressing issue in Nigeria, with a significant portion of its population unable to secure sustainable employment opportunities. In recent years, agricultural programmes have emerged as potential solutions to address the challenges of unemployment. This study explores the effectiveness of agricultural programmes in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. The agricultural sector in Nigeria holds immense potential for job creation, considering the country’s vast arable land, favourable climate, and agricultural resources. However, the sector has been underutilized and faced numerous challenges, leading to high unemployment rates. Agricultural programmes have garnered attention as they aim to revitalize the sector, promote sustainable farming practices, and create employment opportunities for the burgeoning youth population. Consequently, the paper examines the impact of key agricultural programmes such as the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS), Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme (ACGS), Nigerian Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), and FADAMA, introduced by successive Nigerian governments at various times in reducing the unemployment rate in the country. Some of these programme though new, are just a transmutation from older ones, with the operations remaining the same. These programmes have demonstrated positive impacts in several ways according to statistics; contributing to the diversification of the economy of Nigeria and reducing the country’s heavy reliance on oil revenue. The question is, how effective have these programmes been in reducing the unemployment rate? Therefore, the paper’s main objective was to analyse how successful these programmes have been in checking the problem. The study uses the Logit model to investigate the effectiveness of these key Agricultural programmes in curbing the unemployment rate in the country. Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) were used in the analysis. The results reveal that, of the four prominent programmes introduced by the government based on participants employed, the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS) had the likelihood or greater probability at reducing the unemployment rate in the country. The study, consequently, concludes that, subsequent programmes should be designed according to the operations and modus operandi of CACS and that other programmes should either be upgraded to CACS module or be scrapped since their impact on reducing unemployment is not felt.
The Influence of Breeder Entrepreneurial Ability, Farmer Motivation and Partnership System on the Growth of Broiler Business in Barru Regency
Authors: K Kasim , Rohani Rohani , Hastang Hastang , Nurlaelah Nurlaelah
Published: September 2024

Developing a broiler farming business using a partnership system is an alternative to help farmers in running their business. Some of the risks faced by breeders are the increasing prices of animal feed and broiler chicken seeds (DOC) as well as market access so that breeders are motivated to carry out business collaborations through a partnership system. The development of a broiler chicken farming business cannot be separated from the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers. One of the entrepreneurial behaviors that farmers must have is the entrepreneurial competence needed to run a livestock business. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial ability, farmer motivation, and the partnership system on the growth of broiler farming businesses in Barru Regency. This research was conducted in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province using a survey approach and using a questionnaire. The type of research used is explanatory research. The results of the research show that entrepreneurial ability, farmer motivation and the broiler partnership system have a real influence on the growth of broiler farming businesses both jointly and individually and motivational variables dominate breeders in determining the growth of broiler breeder businesses in Barru Regency. The partnership is intended for farmers to provide convenience in running their livestock business, thereby increasing motivation to develop their business.
Survey of Multiple Destination Route Discovery Protocols
Authors: Jafar Ismail Reem , Samar Jaafar Ismael  , Dr. Sara Raouf Muhamad Amin  , Wassan Adnan Hashim  , Israa Tahseen Ali
Published: September 2024

Route discovery protocols for multiple destination is one of the most interesting research topics since it is applied for real-world applications and needed in smart cities services such as: delivery services. The inclusion of artificial intelligence can improve the performance of multiple destination route discovery protocols. In this paper, we studied and analyzed multiple destination route discovery protocols based on different search strategies especially artificial intelligent methods. The survey compares between multiple destination route discovery protocols relate to its applications and implementation tools.
Kafkasya Bölgesi’nde Eğitim Gören Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Turizm ve Turist Kavramlarına Yönelik Düşünceleri: Bir Metafor Analizi
Authors: Akyol Ceyhun , Dalgın Taner , Çeken Hüseyin
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Kafkasya Bölgesi’nde eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerini sürdüren bir üniversitede eğitim gören öğrencilerin turizm ve turist olgularını anlamlandırma düzey ve gerekçelerini belirleyebilmektir. Çalışma kapsamında Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi’nde 2020-2022 arası eğitim-öğretim yıllarında eğitim alan ön lisans öğrencilerinin turizm ve turist kavramlarına yönelik düşünceleri metaforlar aracılığı ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, olgu bilim araştırma deseni ve kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılarak 86 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur. Araştırma verileri katılımcıların “Turizm / Turist benim için …….. ifade eder, çünkü ……….” cümlelerini tamamlamalarıyla elde edilmiştir. İçerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenen veriler doğrultusunda katılımcılar turizm ile ilgili 21 adet, turist ile ilgili 18 adet metafor üretmiş, bu metaforlar 5 tanesi turizm, 5 tanesi turist için olmak üzere 10 farklı kategoride toplanmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde katılımcıların turizmi; tatil, farklılık, ekonomi, seyahat olarak algıladıkları turisti ise yabancı, para, gezi ve kültür olarak algıladıkları, ayrıca turizm ve turist kavramları ile ilgili ifade edilen metaforların 1. sınıf, 2. sınıf ve mezun olma seçeneklerine göre farklılık gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir.
An Analysis of the Works of Fazıl İskender and Narine Abgaryan from Contemporary Caucasian Literature in Terms of Cultural Commitment
Authors: Koroncu Özbilen Duygu
Published: September 2024

This article explores the intersection of mythology and modernity in contemporary Caucasian literature, focusing on how contemporary writers from the Caucasus region integrate traditional mythological elements into modern narratives. The study examines selected works of prominent writers such as Fazıl İskender and Narine Abgaryan. It investigates how these writers reflect their commitment to their culture in their works and how they benefit from mythological elements while doing this. For this purpose, Fazıl İskender's Sandro of Chegem and Narine Abgaryan's Three Apples Fell from The Sky were examined, and the way cultural symbols and mythological elements were reflected in these works were supported by quotations from the works. In addition, the cultural and social effects of these works within and outside the Caucasus region were evaluated, and their role in preserving and revitalizing cultural heritage in the globalization environment was emphasized. The study aims to show how regional literary works can be renewed and developed by benefiting from their cultural background, and thus to contribute to a better understanding of contemporary Caucasian literary works.
Kuzey Kafkasya Bölgesi Toplumlarının Mutfak Kültürleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Yıldırım Büşra Elem , Oğan Yener
Published: September 2024

Kuzey Kafkasya Bölgesi, Karadeniz’in doğu kıyısından Hazar Denizine kadar olan geniş bir bölgeyi kaplamaktadır. Bölgede yaşayan toplumların dil ayrılıkları olmasına rağmen geçmişten gelen bir kültür birliği bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kuzey Kafkasya’da yaşayan etnik toplulukların mutfak kültürlerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Kuzey Kafkasya Bölgesi’nde yer alan Çerkez, Abaza, Nogay, Karaçay-Malkar, Kabardey-Balkar, Oset, Çeçen-İnguş ve Dağıstan toplumları dâhil edilmiştir. Kuzey Kafkasya Bölgesi’nde tarımsal ve hayvancılık önemli bir geçim kaynağıdır. Bu durum mutfak kültürlerine hamur işi ürünler, süt ürünleri ve et ürünleri olarak yansımıştır. Bölge toplumlarının mutfağında sofra adabı ve misafir ağırlama önem verilen bir husustur. Bölgede yer alan yemek çeşitleri birbirine benzerlik göstermesine rağmen, her etnik toplum yemekleri kendi diliyle adlandırmaktadır. Yemeklerde haşlama, kızartma ve fırında pişirme yöntemleri ile baharat kullanımı sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bölge mutfağında çeşitlilik ve gösterişten ziyade sadelik hâkimdir. Komşuluk ve akrabalık ilişkilerine bağlı olarak dayanışma ve yardımlaşma kültürü gelişmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında bölge mutfak kültürlerini araştıran saha çalışmalarının yapılması önerilmektedir.
Examining the Characteristics of Outgoing Package Tours from Türkiye to Azerbaijan
Authors: Çeşmeci Nihat , Özdemir Tolga , Askarov Tamerlan , Habiba Naoki Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Over the past two decades, Azerbaijan's tourism has achieved significant growth and development. The country is promoting its rich history, cultural heritage, natural beauty, and modern infrastructure to attract tourists worldwide. During this process, the impact of Turkish tourists on Azerbaijani tourism is quite evident. Due to the historical and cultural ties between Azerbaijan and Türkiye, Azerbaijan is a desirable travel destination for Turkish tourists. Package tours organized from Türkiye not only contribute to the revival and economic stability of Azerbaijani tourism but also allow Turkish tourists to have different experiences without language barriers. This study aimed to ascertain the general characteristics of package tours originating from Türkiye. First, a web search was conducted to locate package tour programs. This search identified 47 tour programs which were then subjected to content analysis. The analysis results reveal that most of the identified tours to Azerbaijan are single-destination, non-strictly structured, cultural-oriented hybrid city tours. Furthermore, it was determined that most tours depart with transit air transport to Baku from major cities in Türkiye, where touristic demand is intense. Alley of Martyrs, Ateshgah, Gobustan, Walled City (Icherisheher), and the Flame Towers were found to be the most frequently included cultural attractions.
Kafkasya’da Doğa Korumacılık ve Kırsal Topluluklar Arasındaki İlişkiler: Kafkasya Eko-Bölgesi Biyoçeşitlilik Koruma Planının Toplumsal Etkileri
Authors: Açar Onur
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışma, doğa korumacılığın toplumsal yaşam üzerinde yarattığı etkilere ışık tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Çeşitli akademik uzmanlık alanlarının doğa korumacılık ile ilgili bakış açıları ile kırsal toplumların bakış açıları farklılaşmaktadır. Bu ise doğa korumacılığın özgün çelişkiler üreten bir pratik olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışma Kafkasya bölgesinde doğa korumacılığın ürettiği bazı çelişkilere odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada doğanın neoliberalleştirilmesi literatürünün sunduğu kavramsal araçlardan faydalanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın veri kaynaklarını korumacılıkla ilgili planlar ve konu ile ilgili yapılmış saha çalışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Bu planlar söylemsel anlatılar olarak konumlandırılmış ve saha analizlerinin sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, doğa korumacılığı alanında yerel ve küresel aktörler uygulama düzeyinde çelişkilerle yüzleştikçe katılımcılığı benimseyen prensipleri ve ekonomik kalkınma ile korumacılığı uzlaştırma gereğini söylemlerine yerleştirmiş görünüyorlar. Fakat bu görünür söylemlerin ardında işleyen mekanizmalar kırsal toplumlar üzerinde yoksulluğu artırıcı ve göçe zorlayıcı etkiler üretmeye devam etmektedir. Koruma uygulamaları için kırsal toplumlara refah mekanizmaları oluşturmada Kafkasya coğrafyasına özgü sürmekte olan ulusal sınır ihtilafları da engelleyici bir etken olmaya devam etmektedir.
Optimalisasi Limbah Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis L.f) Sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Kobalt (Co) dengan Metode Aktivasi Kimia
Authors: Faradin Faradin , Muharti Asti , Dinafa Nazwa Jinanti , Widiyanto Holisha
Published: September 2024

Teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.), a high-quality wood commonly used in Indonesia, specifically in the Cilegon area, has the potential to be used as an alternative to reduce environmental pollution. This research aimed to test teak wood sawdust waste as an adsorbent for cobalt heavy metal, create activated charcoal from the sawdust waste for the same purpose, and determine the optimal conditions for treatment with and without chemical activation. Industrial waste samples were found to contain 50.7 ppm of cobalt metal through ICPS testing. Activated chemical adsorption, without activation and with industrial wastewater mixture, resulted in a decrease in cobalt metal concentration by 78.2% or 11.08 ppm. The optimal conditions for activated chemical adsorption were found at a pH of 5, an adsorbent mass of 600 mg, and a time of 40 minutes, resulting in decreases of 60.9% (21.2751 ppm), 71% (15.7821 ppm) and 67.7% (17.5812 ppm), respectively. The results show that teak wood sawdust waste can effectively adsorb cobalt heavy metal, providing a potential solution for industrial wastewater treatment.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit X dari Fly Ash Batu Bara Menggunakan Metode Sintesis pada Suhu Rendah
Authors: Rieswana Yuried , Aisyah Aurela Naura , Sani  , Suprihatin
Published: September 2024

Many industries in Indonesia have switched to using coal fuel. The use of coal at PT PLTU Paiton has reached 250 tons per hour and produces 4% of waste by-products of combustion contained from bottom ash by 25% and fly ash by 75%. Fly ash waste will harm the environment and health. Fly ash contains many components, including SiO2 52%, Al2O3 31.86%, Fe2O2 4.89%, CaO 2.68%, and MgO 4.66%. This research aims to synthesize and characterize zeolite X from PT Paiton fly ash using a low-temperature synthesis method. Zeolite X synthesis in this study has 3 steps: The pretreatment process, silica synthesis process, and zeolite synthesis process. The results of silica synthesis obtained SiO2 55.54%. The resulting zeolite product has a typical peak at 2ϴ 28.72. Zeolite x has a wavelength of 430, 570, 695,7, and 965,7, which respectively indicates Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al bonds, double ring bonds, T-O ring symmetric strain (internal), and asymmetric (internal). The results of zeolite X crystal synthesis in this study could not be formed in the variable of adding time of 3-5 hours with a variation of moles of Al2O3 0,5-1,5 moles.