bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA ZFAS1 contributed to irradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting hsa-miR-7-5p/ENO2
Authors: Peng Jiaojiao , Liu Feng , Zheng Hong , Wu Qi , Liu Shixi
Published: March 2020

Background: In our previous research, we found that lncRNA ZFAS1 could promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting its downstream target axis. But we hadn’t shown whether ZFAS1 had association with irradiation resistance of NPC. In this study, we aimed to study the role of ZFAS1 in irradiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was first conducted to identify the potentially significant gene that participated in radio resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ZFAS1, miR-7-5p and ENO2 mRNA. The location of ZFAS1 was measured in cell fractions. The relationship between ZFAS1, miR-7-5p and ENO2 mRNA was validated by luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull down. Edu assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were conducted to observe how ZFAS1, miR-7-5p and ENO2 affected nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis under irradiation. Results：ZFAS1 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which was associated with radio resistance. ZFAS1 strengthened the ability of irradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ZFAS1 acted on miR-7-5p to promote ENO2 upregulation, thereby promoting the irradiation resistance. Conclusion: ZFAS1 sponged miR-7-5p to further affect ENO2 expression to augmenting the irradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer seven years ago, a 29-year-old woman suffered from left-sided portal hypertension caused by peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yu Dajun , Li Xiaolan , Gong Jianping , Li Jinzheng , Xie Fei , Hu Jiejun
Published: March 2020

Background: As the only curable portal hypertension, left-sided portal hypertension (LSPH) is a very rare clinical syndrome. With normal liver function, LSPH is mostly due to pancreatic disease and its complications that cause spleen vein compression, inflammatory wall thickening or lumen blockage, isolated splenic vein thrombosis, restricted splenic vein reflux, finally resulting in increased splenic vein pressure, opened collateral circulation, and bleeding from isolated gastric varices. With a quiet occurrence, LSPH often lacks specific symptoms, which finally leads to difficult diagnosis. Therefore, acuminous options of clinical examination are exceedingly crucial. Splenectomy is the prime treatment for cases complicated by variceal bleeding, but the effect of treatment depends mainly on the condition of the primary disease. Other than these, diseases resulting in LSPH often need to be distinguished from pancreatic cancer, so it is necessary for us to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of LSPH. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of 29-year-old women who was admitted to the hospital for repeated hematemesis and black stool, with a differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer seven years ago. Abdominal computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), portal phase three-dimensional vascular reconstruction, and gastroscopy indicated varicose gastric fundus veins, pancreatic mass, and enlarged peripancreatic lymph nodes. Erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte counts in decline, positive gamma interferon release assay, and normal liver function were given by laboratory examination. Abdominal exploration, splenectomy, varicose veins dissection, and lesions resection were performed by laparotomy. After surgery, the diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis was confirmed by the technology of biopsy. Based on mention above, a diagnosis of LSPH caused by peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis was confirmed. Postoperative evolution was steady, and the patient was in ideal clinical status at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions: We reported the first case of LSHP caused by peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis. At the same time of resulting in left portal hypertension, the peripancreatic lymph node tuberculosis is often misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer. Further studies were necessary to explore more favorable diagnosis method for pancreas mass and more advantageous therapy for LSPH, especially caused by mechanical compression.
Management of secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic aggressive B cell lymphoma using R-MIADD chemotherapy: a single-center experience
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Sun Xuefei , Bai Xueyan , Qian Jun , Zhu Hong , Cui Qu , Xing Ruixian , Chen Yuedan , Liu Qing , Lai Wenyuan , Ji Nan , Sun Shengjun , Liu Yuanbo
Published: March 2020

Introduction Secondary central nervous lymphoma(SCNSL) was defined as lymphoma involvement of both within and outside CNS at initially diagnosis or CNS relapse of a systemic disease. The prognosis of SCNSL was poor and the most appropriate treatment remained unestablished. Methods We conducted a retrospective study addressing the feasibility of R-MIADD regimen which comprised rituximab, high dose methotrexate, ifosfamide, cytarabine, liposomal formulation of doxorubicin, dexamethasone in 19 consecutive SCNSL patients. Results Nineteen SCNSL patients with newly diagnosed CNS lesions were included with median age of 58 years (range 20 to 72 years). Eleven out of 19(57.9%) patients achieved complete remission(CR) and 2(10.5%) patients achieved partial remission by the end of induction treatment, the overall response rate (ORR) was 68.4%. The median follow-up time after the onset of CNS was 11.1 (3.2-35.5) months, the median progression-free survival after CNS was 28.0 months (95% CI: 11.0-44.9), and the median overall survival after CNS were 34.5months, by the time of this report, 8 patients remained CR. Treatment-related deaths was found in only one patient. Conclusions This is the largest series of SCNSL patients in China, and these date underscore the feasibility and efficacy of R-MIADD as induction treatment of SCNSL, further investigation is warranted.
Küçük Menderes Alt Havzası’nın SWAT ile Modellenmesi
Authors: SADDIQI Mohammad Matin , KARPUZCU Mahmut Ekrem
Published: March 2020

Antropojenik aktiviteler ve iklim değişikliği Küçük Menderes Havzası’nın su kaynaklarını olumsuz bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Nüfus artışı ve kontrolsüz su kullanımları havzayı su fakiri haline getirmiştir. Havzadaki problemlere çözüm sunabilecek modelleme çalışmaları gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, SWAT (Toprak ve Su Değerlendirme Aracı) yazılımı kullanılarak Küçük Menderes Alt Havzası için hidrolojik model oluşturulmuştur. Modelin kalibrasyonu ve duyarlılık analizi SUFI-2 (Sıralı Belirsizlik Uygunluğu) metodu kullanılarak SWAT-CUP (SWAT-Kalibrasyon Belirsizlik Programları) ile yapılmıştır. Model en çok CN2, SOL_BD (katman#), RCHRG_DP ve SOL_K (katman#) parametrelerine duyarlı olmuştur. Modelin performansı P-faktör, R-faktör ve objektif fonksiyonlarla değerlendirilmiştir. P-faktör değeri %61 ile %80 aralığında izlemeleri eşlemiştir. Objektif fonksiyonlara göre model performansının yeterli seviyede olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, havzada iklim değişikliğinin ve en iyi yönetim uygulamalarının etkisini anlamak için yapılan çalışmalar için ve su kalitesi modellemesi çalışmaları için bir altlık oluşturmaktadır.
Achras Zapota L Reduce Expression Of mRNA High Motility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)
Authors: Idrus Hasta Handayani , Hatta Mochammad , Hadju Veny , As'ad Suryani , Kasim Vivien Novarina , Achmad Ami Febriza
Published: March 2020

Background:

Manila sapodilla fruit (Achras zapota L) has been widely known empirically in the community, namely fruit used for the treatment of typhoid fever by means of raw fruit in washing / cleaning then the fruit is shredded and the result of grated squeezed using fine leaves and the filter is drunk in patients with typhoid fever. High Motility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is expressed constitutively in almost all types of cells.

Objective:

To determine the effect of Manila Palm fruit extract (Achras Zapota L) on the expression of the High Motility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) gene in mice infected with Salmonella typhi.

Methods:

The method used for extracting sapodilla fruit is the maceration method and the tool used to see changes in HMGB1 mRNA gene expression is PCR with boom extraction method.

Conclusion:

Some sapodilla manila fruit extract dose 510 mg / KgBB (p = 0.016, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 1.90) and 750 mg / KgBB (p = 0.000, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 4.19), can decrease HMGB1 mRNA expression was observed at day 4, 10 to day 30 with no effect with levofloxacin 98 mg / KgBB (p = 0.000, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 5.97).
Microwave-assisted Carbon-carbon and Carbon-heteroatom Cross-coupling Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pal Rammyani , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: March 2020

Conventionally, the organic reactions are accomplished by conductive heating with an external
heat source like an oil bath. On the contrary, since its inception, the application of microwave
irradiation is growing as a suitable alternate heating method in organic synthesis. Microwave heating
considerably reduces the reaction time without promoting any side reactions. The fundamental synthetic
organic chemistry majorly deals with transition-metal-catalyzed C–C and C–heteroatom bond
formation reactions. It is one of the most important methods in contemporary chemistry resulting in a
tremendous increment in the applications of these reactions during the last few years. This field has
been acknowledged with a number of Nobel Prizes during the last decade (2001, 2005 and 2010). A
considerable effort has been done on the continuous development of new ligands and catalysts as
well as an increased understanding of the mechanisms for the improvement of the reaction condition.
This review focuses on some of the latest developments in the area of cross-coupling reactions aided
by microwave irradiation.
Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Pengaruhnya Pada Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Tanjung (Mimusops elengi), dan Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica) di Jalan Lingkar Alun–Alun Yogyakarta
Authors: Siregar Suryana Riski , Irwan Siti Nurul Rofiqo , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila
Published: March 2020

Timbal (Pb) merupakan salah satu logam berat yang digunakan dalam bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor dan menjadi polutan. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada daun tanaman Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), Tanjung (Mimusops elengi), dan Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica) serta mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kandungan klorofil, kerapatan dan lebar bukaan stomata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasi, dimana daun tanaman sampel dipilih berdasarkan diameter batang batang tanaman. Data di uji ANOVA (analysis of varians) dan korelasi menggunakan R studio dan Microsoft excel. Kandungan timbal (Pb) pada tanaman tanjung (Mimusops elengi) 4,39 mg/kg, tanaman asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) 3,08 mg/kg), dan tanaman angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) 2,5 mg/kg. Kandungan timbal  (Pb) pada tanaman asam jawa tidak berbedanya tanaman tanjung dan angsana, namun kandungan timbal (Pb) pada tanaman angsana berbeda nyata dengan tanaman tanjung. Kandungan timbal (Pb) tidak berbeda nyata antar diameter batang tanaman. Pengaruh kandungan timbal (Pb) pada klorofil, lebar bukaan stomata, kerapatan stomata, dan biomassa pada tiga jenis tanaman menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda-beda. Pengaruh kandungan yang signifikan yaitu terhadap lebar bukaan stomata tanaman asam jawa.
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada Berbagai Komposisi Media Tanam dalam Skala Pot
Authors: Sofiarani Fridia Nur , Ambarwati Erlina
Published: March 2020

Penggunaan topsoil sebagai media tanam pada budidaya cabai rawit dalam skala pot, hendaknya mulai dikurangi karena kualitas dan kuantitasnya mulai terdegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan jenis dan komposisi media tanam untuk mensubstitusi sepertiga topsoil dari total media tanam yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) dalam skala pot. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada di Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, dan Laboratorium Manajemen Produksi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian UGM pada bulan April-Desember 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 4 blok sebagai ulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 7 macam perlakuan komposisi media tanam (kombinasi dari tanah topsoil, pupuk limbah kotoran ayam, pasir, kokopit, arang sekam) dengan 1 perlakuan kontrol (tanah topsoil:pupuk limbah kotoran ayam (2:1)). Variabel yang diamati berupa variabel pertumbuhan tanaman dan komponen hasil tanaman cabai rawit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis varians (ANOVA) dengan α=5%, dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD-Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi media tanam yang diujikan menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit dalam skala pot yang tidak berbeda nyata. Subsitusi sepertiga topsoil dari total media tanam menggunakan pasir, arang sekam, kokopit, maupun campuran dari bahan-bahan tersebut dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai rawit dalam skala pot, khususnya di lahan-lahan sub optimal maupun perkotaan.
Robert Nozick, Philosophical Explanations
Authors: Esquivel Javier
Published: March 2020

Resumen
La filosofía de la lógica de N.C.A. da Costa
Authors: Miró Quesada Francisco
Published: March 2020

The failure of several attempts to achieve a paradox-free set theory led in time to the insight that contradiction in mathematics, far from being impossible, was at the root of every theory. But this insight could not, by itself, change the paradigm which required that every acceptable mathematical theory be consistent. It was necessary to create a logic which would allow the development of an inconsistent theory, and Newton C.A. da Costa took the first decisive step in that direction with his inconsistent set theory, in which he achieved, so to speak, a consistent inconsistency. The present paper exposes and discusses some of the main issues to be found in Da Costa’s recent Essay on the Foundations of Logic, and shows how the author, trapped between an historicist, conviction which his own development has grafted on him, and a strong need to reach an absolute foundation for reason, tries to achieve a compromise which is nevertheless favorable to historicism.
Sobre el concepto de revolución científica
Authors: Nathan Bravo Elia
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Nicholas F. Gier, Wittgenstein and Phenomenology
Authors: Soto Carlos H.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
La concepción de las teorías empíricas de Suppes
Authors: Rolleri José Luis
Published: March 2020

A reconstruction of Patrick Suppes' conception of physical theories and of the empirical theories in general (quantitative and non-stochastic) is intended. According to Suppes there are four elements within a theory: a set-theoretical structure; its possible realizations and models; measurements theories (fundamental as well as derivate) and data modela of experimentation. In addition I present Suppes' proposal of axiomatizing a theory set-theoretically. I explain, then, Suppes views concerning the use of a logical concept of model in the factual interpretation of theories. I pretend to show that it is not enough to specify the próposed physical meaning of the primitives of an axiomatic theory in order to get the intended applications: within this specification the only things possible to eliminate -in an analogous way of the mathematicians- are its "non. standard" models. Finally, I describe the role of measurement theories in Suppes' views of physical semantics: they behave as a bridge between the models proposed by the theory and certain data systematisations from experimental experience. They connect metrical concepts of theoretical physics with laboratory observations and operations. [J.L.R.]
The Ontology of Evolutionary Theory. Are Species Individuals Rather than Classes?
Authors: Flematti Jorge
Published: March 2020

Abstract
La irracionalidad y el auto-engaño
Authors: Bello Silvia
Published: March 2020

In this paper I have tried to present what seem to me the main problems to be confronted in explaining the formation of motivated, irrational beliefs, and the most important recent contributions to a solution of such problems. First, I make some classifications and present some important features of the different cases of motivated irrational belief formation. After expounding the problems and the central points that stand in need of explanation, I consider Davidson's view of the conflict between our standard way of describing and explaining mental phenomena and the idea that such phenomena can be irrational. Then, I present Davidson's suggestion to reconcile an explanation that shows a belief to be irrational with the element of rationality inherent in the description of any propositional attitude. I consider Davidson's and Pears' criteria for drawing a dividing line between mental systems, and argue that Davidson's criterion seems too wide and should be restricted to cases where motivation is involved. I also argue that it is the weaker version of Pears' criterion that must be defended and confronted with Davidson's. [S.B.]
W.V.O. Quine, Methods of Logic
Authors: Orayen Raúl
Published: March 2020

Resumen
El pensamiento y su relación con el lenguaje
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Sobre el realismo convergente
Authors: Olivé León
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses Laudan´s claims (1981) that neither reference nor approximate truth explain the success of science as some realists have maintained; that the main realists theses about conceptual change and scientific progress are wanting, and that the history of science decisively confutes naturalistic scientific realist theses. Laudan´s arguments are examined in detail and it is shown that there are possible realist answers to his objections, provided a different view of scientific theories than the syntactic one normally accepted by naturalistic realists is assumed. This alternative view must include the notion of model as a central component of scientific theories, as developed e.g. by Harré (1970). It is also argued that Laudan´s arguments are based upon too narrow a conception of reference. It is shown that a more elaborated notion, e.g. that suggested by Kitcher (1978), can fruitfully be used by realists to explain convergence and also to rebut Laudan´s claim that there are theories, e.g. flogisto or ether theories, whose central terms did not refer but were nonetheless successful. The alternative view of reference sketched here according to Kitcher shows that some tokens of terms like ‘flogisto’ and ‘eter’ as used by the original flogisto and ether theorists did have genuine reference. The paper goes on to argue against the naturalistic idea that reference and approximate truth alone can explain why theories are accepted by scientists and why them follow, as a matter of fact, a retentionist methodology. Laudan shares the naturalistic idea that this is an empirical hypothesis, and so he tries to refute it on the basis of historical examples. The paper argues that this naturalistic view will not do. A broader theory of science is required which, besides realist theses, should develope adequate concepts to deal with the social factors of science; e.g. experimental practices, communication processes, exercises of power through them, etc. It is advocated that a theory of science of this type should be developed in order to defend realism. But then, most of the naturalistic premisses shared by realists and antirealists should be abandoned. An important consequence is that history of science, although not irrelevant for the realism-antirrealism debate, cannot be taken as a basis of neutral, hard facts, against which theories of science can founder. On the contrary, historical studies of science will necessary presuppose a theory of science. Therefore scientific realism must be seen as a philosophical doctrine to be disputed via philosophical arguments, and the idea that it is an empirical hypothesis should be abandoned. [L.O.]
El enigma de Kripke: una solución formal-intensional
Authors: Ramos Pedro
Published: March 2020

In this article, as its title says, I present a formal solution in the intensional line to Kripke’s paradoxes on belief. I analize and formalize the main three cases he expounds, about Tully-Cicero, Paderewski and Londres-London, according to his principles and presuppositions in one version, I think, developing my solution to each case in another. My idea is that if Kripke’s principles and presuppositions lead to paradoxical ascriptions of belief in these cases, that is enough to suspect that they cannot have the non-restrictive application Kripke thinks they have. My solution to those paradoxes fundamentally presupposes the following facts (or at least I think it does): (i) the existence of idiolects; (ii) the existence of dispositions to substitution of expressions inside the sentences that subjects assent to, which are able to show the idiosyncratic understanding of certain expressions possessed by some subjects in some cases; and (iii) with respect to the “meaning” of proper names, that it is only necessary to take into account their idiosyncratic reference and the mentioned dispositions. (i)–(iii) allow us to see a solution to the paradoxes intermediate between Fregean solutions and Russellian ones, as it does not presuppose so much as the Fregean notion of sense nor so little as the Kripkean thesis that the meaning of names is just their reference.
Un esbozo de solución a un enigma de Kripke
Authors: Orayen Raúl
Published: March 2020

The principle of substitutivity of identicals yields well-known paradoxes, when applied to epistemic contexts. In “A Puzzle about Belief”, Kripke has tried to show that similar paradoxes arise without any use of the above mentioned principle. This paper analizes the main paradox involved in Kripke’s article and tries to give a solution to it based on Kripke’s theory of proper names as presented in Naming and Necessity.
Miedo e incertidumbre
Authors: Hansberg Olbeth
Published: March 2020

Fear and Uncertainty discusses Robert Gordon’s thesis according to which fear is an epistemic —as opposed to factive— emotion inasmuch as S’s fearing p requires S’s being uncertain whether p or ∼p, and also requires that the uncertainty implicit in fearing be of a non-deliberative or ‘external’ kind.

Hansberg argues against both parts of this thesis, which purports to offer part of the structure of the emotion of fear. First, she says, Gordon cannot account for those cases of weakness of the will in which an agent fears that when the moment comes he himself will not act upon his own previous purpose. So an external uncertainty proves to be not so essential a requisite.

Now, what about the uncertainty, whatever its form, condition? Hansberg finds several examples in which someone fears p even though he actually is certain that p (when one fears, forexample, a medical treatment known to be painful, or when one fears one’s own inminent death, say, by suicide). She also argues against Gordon’s distinction between propositional fearsand mere ‘states of fear’ with no semantic content, and disapproves of his inclusion of certain fears —like fear of a violent death, fear of injury to oneself, and many phobias— in the lattercategory. Those supposedly non-propositional states can, and often do, give rise to propositional states and intentional actions; so Gordon would have to explain how this is possible: some of those supposedly mere states of fear need a place in an explanationby- reasons scheme.

Finally, Hansberg claims that all fears do have a propositional structure, even though some fears have it in a concealed way. So, for example, if someone is afraid of death, he is afraid that he will die young, or that he will go to hell, and so on. Thus it is always possible to find propositional contents for fears which apparently have none, although in some cases this might be a difficult task.

[Laura Lecuona]
Una posición intermedia entre el fisicalismo y el intencionalismo: Dennett
Authors: Saab Salma
Published: March 2020

This article assesses Dennett’s position with respect to mental states, intermediate between the extremes of physicalism and intentionalism. Dennett concentrates most of his theses with respect to our atribution of mental states to others, or to other systems, on what he calls the intentional stance. One of his main claims is that, ontologically speaking, mental states as such do not exist but that nevertheless they do have some sort of reality. The elimination of mental entities as “abstracta”. These “abstracta” play an important role in our explanation of what people do and of the way in which certain systems are designed. Dennett assumes the correctness of Quine’s indeterminacy thesis of translation, which leads Quine to reject the existence of facts of the matter on the one hand and to admit the pragmatic value of certain non-physical explanations on the other. In the article, an attempt is made to clarify Quine’s thesis and the way in which Dennett’s use of the indeterminacy thesis differs from Davidson’s. It is suggested that one can make certain analogies between Dennett’s proposal and Wittgenstein’s use of the term “seeing as”. The analogy with “seeing as” has the advantage of preserving Dennett’s main claims, while eliminating the use for “abstracta”, thus avoiding the discomfort that some philosophers have felt with regard to “abstracta”. The identification of characteristics common to mental discourse and “seeing as” allows the author to make sense of the claim that there are certain aspects of things or of situations, such as patterns, which while they properly belong to the things or situations themselves, nevertheless depend for their recognition on the skills of the observer.
Cristina Lafont, La razón como lenguaje. Una revisión del “giro lingüístico” en la filosofía del lenguaje alemana
Authors: Pereda Carlos
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Carlos Ulises Moulines, Pluralidad y recursión. Estudios epistemológicos
Authors: Falguera José-Luis
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Anscombe and the First Person
Authors: Garret Brian
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Anthony Kenny. Descartes. A Study of His Philosophy
Authors: Benítez Laura
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Análisis y elucidación: un módico homenaje a Simpson
Authors: Comesaña Manuel
Published: March 2020

Resumen
A Paradox in Compatibilist Accounts of Free Will and Moral Responsibility
Authors: Moya Carlos
Published: March 2020

Resumen
La evolución de técnicas y fenómenos: hacia una explicación de la "confección" del mundo
Authors: Martínez Sergio F. , Suárez Edna
Published: March 2020

In recent articles some authors (e.g. Pickering 1989, Hacking 1992) have pointed out a process of gradual adjustment or tailoring between phenomena, models and experimental techniques. However, the whole idea of tailoring or adjusting has been dealt with as a mere metaphore. In this paper we present an evolutionary model of phenomena and techniques which explains this gradual adjustment or tailoring as an adaptative causal process, i.e. not as a mere metaphor. Our aim is accomplished in three steps. First, we arrive at the general conditions that changes in a population of entities with reproductive capabilities have to satisfy in order to be modelled as an evolutionary process, in a causal-explanatory sense. We show that a characterization of the class of experimental techniques (a class associated with an experimental tradition) meet these conditions, and we examine in detail how the nucleic acid hybridization techniques used in molecular biology can be modelled in the way we propose. A second step is to show that the sort of variability that metters in evolutionary models of techniques and phenomena is aggregative variability, i.e. the sort of variability that can be selected. This is an important point, since most evolutionary models of technical and scientific change in the literature fail to satisfy this requirement. A common objection to evolutionary models of scientific change is that fitness, the central notion of evolutionary models in population biology, has no counterpart in these models. We show that our model can provide a natural concept of fitness, a concept that has a similar role to play in our model as in biological models. Finally, as a third step, we conclude with an explanation of how the world can be said to be tailored. It is the result of an evolutionary process which incorporates inextricably related conceptual and material resources. In this sense, the world consists of phenomena that are made by us, but which are not mere inventions of our mind.
Work Down the Minds: A Sketch of Contemporary Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Guttenplan Samuel
Published: March 2020

Abstract
S. Neale, Descriptions
Authors: Ezcurdia Maite
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Florencia Luna, Arleen Salles (comps.), Decisiones de vida y muerte
Authors: Stigol Nora
Published: March 2020

Resumen
El espacio de lo público en la filosofía política de Kant
Authors: Rabotnikof Nora
Published: March 2020

Kant rehabilitates, in his so-called “political writings” and in his philosophy of law, the notion of public reason as a control instance of legislation and of the political measures which affect a community. The “public use” of reason fulfills, in the first place, a basic task of enlightment. But it also has other ramifications. By means of the formulation of the publicity principle, the predicate “public” (in the sense of something being visible) can be brought to bear on the practicing of power. And finally, presupposing a public use of reason may allow us to reach public coincidence, i.e., a consensus in the elaboration of the rational will. The first goal of the paper is to examine the political scope of such rehabilitation of public reason. The second goal is to formulate a number of problems which emerge, since Kant, whenever the issue of public space is approached. Finally, a few questions are posed bearing on Kant’s conception of politics: although politics appears to fall under the larger categories of morals and law in Kant’s writings, the author seems in some places to hint at a recognition of a prudential sphere for politics alone which, however, must be made compatible with morals and law. [Traducción: Héctor Islas]
The Deflation of Belief States
Authors: Stainton Robert J.
Published: March 2020

Recientemente, se han intentado dar explicaciones “deflacionarias” de las creencias: ya sea de los contenidos de creencias (i.e. conceptos, proposiciones y demás) o del estado de creencia. En este trabajo presento y critico una de estas explicaciones deflacionarias de los estados de creencia, a saber, aquella defendida por Arthur Collins, la cual se basa en comentarios hechos por Wittgenstein en sus Investigaciones filosóficas. En primer lugar, argumento que el análisis semántico de Collins según el cual ┌Yo creo que p┐ simplemente se reduce a p o estoy equivocado acerca de p concibe inadecuadamente la forma lógica de los reportes de creencia. Primero, el análisis deja fuera ciertas ambigüedades clave de alcance; segundo, no captura al menos una inferencia válida basada en la forma; y tercero, tiene contraejemplos cuando los agentes creen de manera incorrecta que una oración carece de valor de verdad. Por lo tanto, Collins no puede apoyar su conclusión deflacionaria utilizando este análisis. En segundo lugar, niego que el uso (en contraposición con el análisis semántico) de Yo creo que p apoye una conclusión deflacionaria, pues el hecho de que proferencias de Yo creo que p comprometan al hablante con p puede explicarse de manera pragmática, aun asumiendo que lo que hace que Yo creo que p sea verdadero es un estado “inflado”. [Traducción: Maite Ezcurdia]
Counterfactual Dependence and Broken Barometers: A Response to Flichman's Argument
Authors: Beebee Helen
Published: March 2020

El artículo consiste en una defensa del análisis contrafáctico de la causación de David Lewis en contra de un argumento presentado por primera vez por Eduardo Flichman. El argumento de Flichman involucra una situación en la cual tienen lugar los tres sucesos siguientes:

p

: una presión atmosférica de 1000mb

b

: el funcionamiento correcto del barómetro

r

: una lectura en el barómetro de 1000mb

 

Si el análisis de Lewis ha de tener éxito, la fórmula contrafáctica

(1) ~O(r) □→ ~O(p)

debe ser falsa. Pero Lewis mismo justifica la afirmación de que (1) es falsa mediante la siguiente observación: ``Si la lectura hubiese sido más alta, ¿habría habido una mayor presión? O ¿habría estado funcionando mal el barómetro? Lo segundo suena mejor: una lectura más alta habría sido una lectura incorrecta."

Flichman infiere de esta aserción que Lewis está comprometido con:

(2) ~O(r) □→ ~O(b)

Se sigue del análisis de Lewis de la causación que r causó b; y esto, desde luego, es falso.

Sostengo que Flichman se equivoca al inferir que Lewis está comprometido con (2) a partir del hecho de que haga la afirmación citada más arriba. Flichman supone que hay cierto suceso b que corresponde al hecho de que el barómetro funcione bien. Pero de hecho la única manera de lograr que (2) sea verdadera es suponer que b puede caracterizarse esencialmente como el hecho de que el barómetro tenga una propiedad disposicional (a saber, la disposición de ofrecer la lectura correcta), y Lewis niega de manera explícita que las propiedades disposicionales puedan ser propiedades esenciales de los sucesos.

Por otra parte, si suponemos que la propiedad disposicional es simplemente una característica accidental de b, entonces (2) es falsa. Por lo tanto, la afirmación de Lewis citada más arriba no puede interpretarse razonablemente como la afirmación de que cierto suceso b depende contrafácticamente de r; y, por lo tanto, la objeción de Flichman no funciona.

[Traducción: Héctor Islas]
Harman on Relativism and Moral Diversity
Authors: Drebushenko David , Sullivan Stephen J.
Published: March 2020

Harman on Relativism and Moral Diversity
On the Utility of Global Supervenience
Authors: Pérez Otero Manuel
Published: March 2020

On the Utility of Global Supervenience
Replies to my Critics
Authors: Davidson Donald
Published: March 2020

Replies to my Critics
Saving Relativism from Its Saviour
Authors: Kölbel Max
Published: March 2020

Saving Relativism from Its Saviour
Preferences and Alternatives
Authors: Oven Hansson Sven
Published: March 2020

Preferences and Alternatives
Mark Platts, Sobre usos y abusos de la moral. Ética, sida y sociedad
Authors: Valdés Margarita M.
Published: March 2020

Mark Platts, Sobre usos y abusos de la moral. Ética, sida y sociedad
How Should We Understand the Project of the Moral Point of View Theorists? Reply to Kai Nielsen
Authors: Rivera Castro Faviola
Published: March 2020

How Should We Understand the Project of the Moral Point of View Theorists? Reply to Kai Nielsen
Identidad de tipos y hacedores de verdad
Authors: Pagès Joan
Published: March 2020

Este artículo trata de la última teoría de los estados de cosas de Armstrong, así como de su relación con los hacedores de verdad de los enunciados y con el problema de los universales. En particular, se discute su principio del hacedor de verdad, y se rechazan algunas de las objeciones que se han presentado al mismo. Por otra parte, se intenta mostrar también que la respuesta de Armstrong al problema de los enunciados existenciales negativos en términos de estados de cosas de totalidad es errónea. Finalmente, también se objeta la versión de Oliver del argumento de la honda y se discute la teoría de los hacedores de verdad como los estados de cosas.
Bad Lots, Good Explanations
Authors: Iranzo Valeriano
Published: March 2020

Van Fraassen's argument from the "bad lot" challenges realist interpretations of inference to the best explanation (IBE). In this paper I begin by discussing the replies suggested by S. Psillos and P. Lipton. I do not find them convincing. However, I think that van Fraassen's argument is flawed. First of all, it is a non sequitur. Secondly, I think that the real target for the scientific realist is the underlying assumption that epistemic justification results from a comparative assessment among rival explanations. I argue that justification for believing an explanation does not depend on comparison, but on the extent that criteria of explanatory goodness are fulfilled. Therefore, in addition to offering more or less intuitive IBE-tailored arguments, realists fond of IBE should have to analyze the implicit standards of explanatory goodness. In the last section I distinguish between contextual and transcontextual criteria concerning explanatory goodness. Concerning the latter, I focus on consilience, simplicity, analogy and conservatism.
Duration and Motion in a (Cartesian) World which Is Created Anew ''at Each Moment" by an Immutable and Free God
Authors: Franco Abel B.
Published: March 2020

I argue in this paper that Descartes's goal with his doctrine of the continuous recreation of the world is to offer a unified and ultimate causal explanation for (1) the possibility of motion and duration in the world, (2) the permanence (of the existence) of created things, and (3) the continuation of their motion and duration. This unified explanation seems to be the only one which, according to Descartes, satisfies the two basic requirements any ultimate cause should meet: the cause (1) must be active and (2) not being in motion itself. God's recreations of the world is Descartes's solution to this search. I also show in this article, on the one hand, that this doctrine successfully overcomes, in particular, the four major conflicts which threaten its consistency, and, on the other, the new meaning which the laws of nature acquire under the doctrine of the continuous recreation of the world.
Are Natural Languages Necessary?
Authors: Hernández Iglesias Manuel
Published: March 2020

Against Davidson's criticism of the usual notion of a natural language, Dummett and most philosophers of language have argued that such a notion is necessary to account for the normativity of meaning and to avoid declaring meaningless much of our everyday talk on languages. This paper tries to show that both worries are unjustified by arguing that: 1) It is possible to talk of linguistic mistakes without commitment to natural languages in the usual sense; 2) The rejection of natural languages in the usual sense does not entail the possibility of non-trivially private languages; 3) The rejection of natural languages in the usual sense does not entail that conventionalized languages do not exist, but only that their existence is not necessary for linguistic communication.
María Cristina Ríos Espinosa, Fundamentación ética del mercantilismo. Bernard Mandeville: la paradoja del vicio en la sociedad
Authors: Rabinovich Silvana
Published: March 2020

María Cristina Ríos Espinosa, Fundamentación ética del mercantilismo. Bernard Mandeville: la paradoja del vicio en la sociedad
Wenceslao J. González (coord.), Diversidad de la explicación científica
Authors: Morett Fernando
Published: March 2020

Wenceslao J. González (coord.), Diversidad de la explicación científica
¿Puede el utilitarismo ser deontológico? Una respuesta a Kymlicka
Authors: Omar Seleme Hugo
Published: March 2020

En Teoría de la justicia, Rawls sostiene que los defectos normativos que contienen algunas concepciones de justicia, como el utilitarismo y el perfeccionismo, se deben a que, por su carácter teleológico, no otorgan prioridad a lo correcto en relación con lo bueno. Kymlicka ha cuestionado esta afirmación siguiendo la estrategia de brindar una interpretación del utilitarismo que respete la prioridad de lo correcto. Esto mostraría que los defectos normativos que Rawls atribuye al utilitarismo no podrían explicarse por su carácter teleológico. La clasificación de las doctrinas en deontológicas o teleológicas carecería de la relevancia que Rawls le adjudica. El presente artículo tiene por objeto mostrar que el argumento de Kymlicka para señalar la trivialidad de la clasificación no se sostiene, pues fracasa en su intento de brindar una interpretación deontológica del utilitarismo.
Beyond Rigidity? Essentialist Predication and the Rigidity of General Terms
Authors: Gómez-Torrente Mario
Published: March 2020

I offer a brief formal exploration of a certain natural extension of the notion of rigidity to predicates, the notion of an essentialist predicate. I show that, under reasonable assumptions, true "identification sentences" involving essentialist predicates (such as 'Cats are animals') are necessary, and hence that the notion of essentiality is formally analogous in this respect to the notion of singular term rigidity.
Identidad numérica y correferencialidad
Authors: Arrieta Urtizberea Agustín
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo constituye una defensa del carácter relacional de la identidad. Algunos filósofos han puesto en duda la identidad en cuanto que relación; Armstrong es uno de ellos. Una réplica a sus argumentos, además de a aquellos que consideran la identidaden términos de correferencialidad, nos lleva a la aceptación de la identidadcomo relación de razón. También se propone una interpretación de los enunciados de identidad que resulte compatible con los data acerca de la identidad.En esta tarea, son relevantes tanto la distinción entre especificación y descripción de un dominio como algunas ideas propuestas en Perry 2001.
La moral y sus sombras: la racionalidad instrumental y la evolución de las normas de equidad
Authors: Rosas Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Los sociobiólogos han defendido una posición "calvinista" que se resume en la siguiente fórmula: si la selección natural explica las actitudes morales, no hay altruismo genuino en la moral; si la moral es altruista, entonces la selección natural no puede explicarla. En este ensayo desenmascaro los presupuestos erróneos de esta posición y defiendo que el altruismo como equidad no es incompatible con la selección natural. Rechazo una concepción hobbesiana de la moral, pero sugiero su empleo en la interpretación de la psicología de los primates no humanos y en un modelo de progresión evolutiva que habría llevado a la moralidad como adaptación pasando por la razón instrumental.
Laura Benítez Grobet, Descartes y el conocimiento del mundo natural
Authors: Madanes Leiser
Published: March 2020

Laura Benítez Grobet, Descartes y el conocimiento del mundo natural
Los enfoques de Boltzmann y Gibbs frente al problema de la irreversibilidad
Authors: Lombardi Olimpia , Labarca Martín
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar las diferencias entre los enfoques de Boltzmann y de Gibbs respecto del problema de la irreversibilidad. Dicho análisis nos permitirá poner de manifiesto que, en las discusiones acerca de las condiciones necesarias para la irreversibilidad, no suele advertirse que la diferencia central entre los dos enfoques consiste en la utilización de diferentes conceptos de equilibrio y, por tanto, de irreversibilidad. Finalmente se argumentará que, si bien inicialmente ambos enfoques parecen por completo irreconciliables, existen condiciones físicas definidas bajo las cuales los resultados que proporcionan ambos marcos teóricos se aproximan lo suficiente como para ser considerados igualmente admisibles desde el punto de vista de la práctica de la física.
Troubles with Peacocke’s Rationalism. A Critical Study of The Realm of Reason
Authors: Fernández Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2020

Troubles with Peacocke’s Rationalism. A Critical Study of The Realm of Reason
Donald Davidson, Truth and Predication
Authors: Pinto Sílvio
Published: March 2020

Donald Davidson, Truth and Predication
Cambios de referencia: Kripke y Putnam
Authors: Fernández Moreno Luis
Published: March 2020

Una de las objeciones usualmente formuladas contra la teoría causal de la referencia es que ésta no puede dar cuenta de los cambios de referencia que nuestros términos pueden experimentar. El objetivo de este escrito es examinar la posición de dos de los más importantes promotores de la teoría causal de la referencia, Kripke y Putnam, acerca del cambio de referencia.
Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interests
Authors: Eraña Ángeles
Published: March 2020

Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interests
Luis Fernández Moreno, La referencia de los nombres propios
Authors: Cantero Flores Víctor
Published: March 2020

Luis Fernández Moreno, La referencia de los nombres propios
Future Contingents and Aristotle’s Fantasy
Authors: Iacona Andrea
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the problem of future contingents, and focuses on two classical logical principles, excluded middle and bivalence. One may think that different attitudes are to be adopted towards these two principles in order to solve the problem. According to what seems to be a widely held hypothesis, excluded middle must be accepted while bivalence must be rejected. The paper goes against that line of thought. In the first place, it shows how the rejection of bivalence leads to implausible consequences if excluded middle is accepted. In the second place, it addresses the question of why one should reject bivalence, and finds no satisfactory answer.
Nota crítica sobre la generalidad absoluta
Authors: Barrio Eduardo Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Agustín Rayo y Gabriel Uzquiano Cruz (comps.), Absolute Generality, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006, 396 pp.
Guillermo Hurtado, El búho y la serpiente. Ensayos sobre la filosofía en México en el siglo XX
Authors: Benítez Grobet Laura
Published: March 2020

Guillermo Hurtado, El búho y la serpiente. Ensayos sobre la filosofía en México en el siglo XX, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 2007, 274 pp.
Deontología y consecuencialismo: un enfoque informacional
Authors: Cejudo Córdoba Rafael
Published: March 2020

Durante los últimos cuarenta años el consecuencialismo ha evolucionado para responder a numerosas críticas, hasta el punto de que hoy comparte rasgos importantes con las teorías deontológicas. El enfoque informacional de Amartya Sen analiza el tipo y la cantidad de información que una estructura ética necesita. Uso este método para determinar cuánto puede aproximarse a la deontología este nuevo consecuencialismo, y cuán difícil puede ser tal expansión. En el contexto del principio del doble efecto, el enfoque informacional permite mostrar que existe una divergencia inevitable entre la deontología y el consecuencialismo. Esta disparidad manifiesta dimensiones genuinas de la razón práctica.
Margarita M. Valdés (comp.), Naturaleza y valor. Una aproximación a la ética ambiental
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra
Published: March 2020

Margarita M. Valdés (comp.), Naturaleza y valor. Una aproximación a la ética ambiental, Fondo de Cultura Económica/Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas-UNAM, México, 2004 (Problemas de ética práctica), 303 pp.
Replies to My Critics
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: March 2020

This paper is a response to the four critics of A Virtue Epistemology (2007). It responds to Claudia Lorena García, Miguel Ángel Fernández, Jonathan Kvanvig, and Ram Neta, in that order.
Sílvio Mota Pinto, Escepticismo del significado y teorías de conceptos
Authors: Fuentes Pablo A.
Published: March 2020

Sílvio Mota Pinto, Escepticismo del significado y teorías de conceptos, trad. Laura Manríquez, Anthropos, México, 2009, 271 pp.
Jonathan St.B.T. Evans y Keith Frankish (comps.), In Two Minds: Dual Processes and Beyond
Authors: Navarro Reyes Jesús
Published: March 2020

Jonathan St.B.T. Evans y Keith Frankish (comps.), In Two Minds: Dual Processes and Beyond, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009, xii + 369 pp.
Experimental Appeals to Intuition
Authors: Gasparatou Renia
Published: March 2020

Today, experimental philosophers challenge traditional appeals to intuition; they empirically collect folk intuitions and then use their findings to attack philosophers’ intuitions. However this movement is not uniform. Radical experimentalists criticize the use of intuitions in philosophy altogether and they have been mostly attacked. Contrariwise, moderate experimentalists imply that lay persons’ intuitions are somehow relevant to philosophical problems. Sometimes they even use folk intuitions in order to advance theoretical theses. In this paper I will try to challenge the so-called moderate experimental attempts to rely on intuition in order to promote philosophical theses.