bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hair Follicle Counts of Occipital Scalp Biopsies from Male Hair Transplant Patients in Thailand
Authors: Pattanaprichakul Penvadee , Thuangtong Rattapon , Thanomkitti Kanchalit , Varothai Supenya , Triwongwaranat Daranporn , Sitthinamsuwan Panitta , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , Aiempanakit Kumpol , Quinio Maria Franchesca
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the average hair follicle count from the occipital scalp of Thai males with AGA who were candidates for hair transplantation.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study of 47 male with AGA undergoing hair transplantation surgery was conducted.  The 4-mm punch biopsies from the occipital scalp were evaluated for hair count parameters. The results were compared to prior studies.
Results: The average counts of total hair follicles and the density of hair follicle per square millimeter were 18.6±1.2, and 1.5±0.1, respectively. The terminal-to-vellus ratio was 11.1, and the percent ratio of anagen-to-telogen ratio was 91.9:8.1. The hair count number is significantly lower than other ethnicities including Thais in general population (P < 0.001), but greater than the Thai males with AGA in the previous study. (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our study showed a lower average hair density as compared to the other normal Asian population.  The total hair count in the occipital area from this study is less when compared to the previous studies conducted in Thai normal controls but higher than those with more advanced AGA. This result supported the evidence of hormonal effect involving the occipital scalp of male AGA.
Comunicación interna y su relación en el compromiso organizacional en una empresa de consumo masivo en el nororiente peruano
Authors: Saldaña Díaz Eduardo Iván , Horna Rodríguez Richard Foster , Troya Palomino David
Published: February 2023

En el presente artículo se planteó como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la comunicación interna y el compromiso organizacional en los colaboradores de una empresa de consumo masivo en el nororiente peruano; en este estudio participaron 135 colaboradores de la empresa, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos, se hizo uso de las Escalas de Comunicación Interna y Compromiso Organizacional, estos instrumentos fueron sometidos al análisis de fiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach, para ambos instrumentos se obtuvieron como resultados coeficientes los que demuestran fiabilidad (0.906 y 0.769); cabe indicar que en este estudio se hizo uso de una metodología para una investigación de tipo básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo-correlacional, con diseño de investigación no experimental de corte transversal. Luego de procesados los datos se determinó un p-valor = 0.000, lo cual indica que existe relación significativa entre la comunicación interna y el compromiso organizacional; y un Rho Spearman = 0.586, lo que indica que la relación es positiva considerable entre las variables estudiadas, en este estudio se llegó a la conclusión que, al realizar esfuerzos por mejorar la comunicación interna, esta acción influirá de manera proporcional en el compromiso organizacional de los colaboradores.
Experience in Design-Plastic Modelling of the Light Environment: Part 2. Space and Light as Fragment of the Urban Environment
Authors: Sokolova Marina A. , Bystryantseva Natalya V. , Silkina Marina A.
Published: February 2023

The article presents a technique for creating a plastic and design-plastic light-spatial model based on the layout of the urban environment fragment. It also describes how this model corresponds to electrical lighting parameters. The paper formulates the tasks and potential of plastic and design-plastic light modelling and their role in the concept-based search and educational design of lighting solutions. In terms of this article, the plastic model is understood as a layout that exaggeratedly or generically reveals the spatial characteristics of an urban fragment. The design-plastic model is more detailed; it reveals the features of functioning of the latter both in daylight and in electrical lighting. The final stage of educational light modelling is the creation of a computer model of electrical lighting of an environmental situation.
The authors of this paper studied the tools of electrical lighting and their role in identifying the device of the environmental fragment, in light routes creation and in scenario of the visual form of urban space. Conclusions are given on the further development of the methodology in the field of lighting design, including the assessment of the emotional perception of the architectural environment objects under electrical lighting. The results of this research were then applied as the basis for the practical project work of students who won the competition “Russian Lighting Design” in 2018.
Modelling of Novel Architecture of PV Generator Based on a-Si: H/c-Si Materials and Using Solar Tracker for Partial Shading
Authors: Talbi Mourad , Mensia Nawel , Arfaoui Jassem , Zairi Abdelmajid
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the shading effect on a novel architecture of photovoltaic generator (PVG) proposed in this paper. This architecture consists of three photovoltaic (PV) modules in series connected. Two of them consist of amorphous silicon cells in series connected. The third module consists of monocrystalline silicon cells in series connected. This architecture is conceived as a PV concentrator, where the two amorphous PV modules are located in the lower position, and the third one is located in the upper position precisely in the focus. The role of the upper module is to absorb the solar rays, which are reflected by the two other modules to gain the maximum of solar energy. This novel architecture is aimed at solving the problems existing with the architecture of tandem solar cells proposed in literature. Those problems are the mismatch between cells and the tunnel junction costs and fabrication. In this work, we use MATLAB/Simulink for modelling this architecture and studying its characteristics (I–V and P–V) in case of partial shading. Through this study, it was found that the maximum PV power is affected by the partial shading. To solve this problem, we have implemented in this work a solar tracker.
High Pressure Sulfur Microwave Lamps with Metal Halides Additives
Authors: Starostin Anrdrey I. , Irkhin Igor V. , Popov Oleg A. , Bondarenko Svetlana M.
Published: February 2023

Effects of metal halides additives on radiation characteristics of microwave-driven high pressure sulphur lamp were experimentally studied. Electrodeless discharge was excited and maintained in the mixture of sulphur vapour (5–6) atmospheres and vapour of NaI (~ 0.07 Torr) and LiI (~ 0.12 Torr) at microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz and power of (280–560) W in the quartz spherical bulb of 35 mm in diameter inserted in the cylindrical resonator of 73 mm in diameter and 125 mm in height. To maintain bulb walls at homogeneous temperature, the bulb was rotated with the speed of the 12 r/c. It was found that the addition of low pressure sodium and lithium halides caused the increase of lamp efficacy by (11–13) %, colour temperature by 16 %, and colour rendering index by 4 %. To further improve lamp characteristics, the increase of additives partial pressures was recommended.
Duration of the Cooling Period and Efficiency of Sunlight Protection
Authors: Mitrofanova Svetlana A. , Vybornova Tatyana V. , Spiridonov Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

Maintenance of comfortable microclimate in premises is important throughout the year. During the building cooling period, microclimate is maintained by means of air conditioning and sunlight protection systems. Overheating of premises requiring their cooling is caused by growing of average daily ambient temperature above 21 °C and by heating of premises by direct sunlight. Duration of application of microclimate control systems may be calculated using daily or hourly methods. This work proposes the method of determination of building cooling duration during the cooling period based on diurnal ambient air temperature range and the method of determination of sunlight protection efficiency during this period.
Experimental Design and Analysis of Adaptive LED Illumination System
Authors: Efe Serhat Berat , Ozbay Harun , Ozer Ilyas
Published: February 2023

Light emitting diode (LED) luminaires are widely used in street, road, and tunnel illumination. It is necessary to detect their negative effects on power grid, especially in terms of power quality distortions. In addition, because of the limited energy sources, they have to be operated in most efficient way. This paper proposed an adaptive illumination system that can be used in highway tunnels. In this context, an experimental system that consist of LED luminaires with various power values that are possible to be used in tunnel illumination was implemented. Scenarios have been created for the designed system in accordance with possible tunnel illumination scheme. Siemens S7–1200 PLC was used to control these scenarios. FFT analysis of the measurements obtained with adaptive illumination scenarios was performed and power quality distortions were determined for different harmonic levels. Similar analysis was repeated for the non-adaptive system, and a detailed comparison was proposed. In addition, both systems were compared in terms of energy consumption. Operational characteristics of adaptive illumination systems were discussed by using the obtained data. Results show that total harmonic distortion (THD) for all luminaires are active situation is quite lower than adaptive illumination scenarios, where the values of current THD are 149.7 %, 119.9 %, and 85.8 % that scenario 1, scenario 2, and all luminaires are in active situation, respectively. On the other hand, as advantage, a power saving of 73.4 % and 60.3 % can be achieved compared to different adaptive illumination scenarios according to all luminaires are active.
Experience in Design-Plastic Modelling of the Light Environment: Part 3. Space and Light as Artistic Language of Light
Authors: Sokolova Galina A. , Bystryantseva Natalya V. , Silkina Marina A.
Published: February 2023

The article describes the method of abstract modelling of architectural plasticity. It includes the identification of its general compositional principles and artistic characteristics, united by the concepts of “natural” and “free” and correlated with the stylistic systems of modernism and postmodernism. The demonstration of how various electrical lighting techniques influence the architecture perception is also provided. The authors of this paper reveal peculiarities of the operation of lighting parameters and optical effects in relation to each type of model, including the interaction of external and internal spaces. They also formulate principles of creating dramaturgy and scenario of lighting solutions, and test methods of assessing the emotional perception of illuminated objects.
The methodological material presented in this article provides the solution of such tasks as: the perception of architecture as an integral composition, acquaintance with the features of architectural plasticity of different times, the role of light in the perception of an architectural object, the evolution of the use of lighting techniques as a material for creating a work of art. It also describes how some masters work with electrical lighting and daylighting, as well what methods they use to create the dramaturgy of electrical light in experimental lighting solutions and to assess the emotional perception of objects under electrical lighting.
The presented methodological approach allows the student to form a professional skill of working with lighting objects and spaces based on the formative properties of composition construction. This, in its turn, increases the quality of designing the architectural environment and reproducing its artistic features by means of electrical lighting.
Lighting Master Plan Application in Living Areas
Authors: Cengiz Mehmet Sait
Published: February 2023

If every building, living space, and surroundings are considered a project, the lighting elements should be chosen according to the architectural style, texture, and culture. The preference for imitation design in both historical works and newly developed housing-villa projects does not provide the aesthetic effect expected from architecture. Not being able to develop a product specific to the building and its surroundings cause mediocrity in architecture. Illumination of the environment without considering the needs of people and other living things harms the ecosystem and human health. Due to all these negativities, the implementation of the lighting master plan in architecture has become necessary for today’s sustainable cities. In this study, the implementation stages of the lighting master plan for an exemplary sustainable city were analysed and what should be done for possible scenarios was evaluated.
Estimation of Insolation of the Mirror Hall of a Unique Building
Authors: Dvoretsky Alexander T. , Zavaliy Alexei A. , Spiridonov Alexander V. , Shubin Igor L.
Published: February 2023

For studying of insolation of architectural objects with mirror walls, reflected solar radiation shall be accounted for. Most ways of insolation duration estimation are based on geometry of visible solar path, namely the geometrical model of the process of insolation of a point of Earth surface. This model is the daily cone of sunrays. At the same time, there is a daily cone of reflected sunrays in a point of a reflective surface. Using this model, insolation of a mirror reception hall in a unique building in the Russian South was studied. Geometric modelling has shown that on the floor of the hall of mirrors in some areas there is an addition of three reflected from the faces and the corresponding direct beams of solar radiation. The shots made by means of the thermal camera testo 882 have confirmed reliability of the proposed geometrical model.
Forcing Power Supply of a Xenon Flash Lamp to Create a High Power Irradiation Facility
Authors: Bedrin Alexander G. , Guryev Alexander P. , Gromovenko Valentin M. , Sokolova Galina A.
Published: February 2023

The article describes the technical characteristics of the software-controlled power supply system for generation of second-long light pulses by means of INP‑16/580 xenon flash lamps. The amplitude-time characteristics of luminous emission in a quasi-arc mode of lamp operation are formed by computer control of temporal current pulse shape in case of large energy deposition overloads. Methods of optimisation of light and engineering characteristics were defined accounting for non-linearity of the load of the thyristor unit and ambiguity of the dependence of luminous radiation on discharge current. The data on maximum acceptable operation parameters of pulse lamps with mains supply and natural air cooling and the results of physical modelling of radiation pulses with complex shape are presented.
Design Project of Combined Lighting of the Co-Working Area of the Youth Centre in the City of Milan Using Mirrored Hollow Tubular Light Guides
Authors: Pleshkov Sergei Yu. , Bracale Gennaro , Kuznetsov Alexander L.
Published: February 2023

In this scientific work, we present a developed design project for combined lighting of the youth centre co-working zone in the city of Milan (Italy), which, due to use of daylighting systems based on mirrored hollow tubular light guides, fully complies with the principles of sustainable architecture and comfortable environment, indicated in the requirements of the customer – the Milan city municipality. The paper proves that in terms of lighting parameters presented design project is not inferior to alternative projects that do not contain hollow tubular light guides and significantly surpasses them in energy saving and in the spectral effect on human circadian rhythms. The article shows a method, developed by the authors, for calculating the illumination of spaces with daylight, using lighting systems that include horizontally located mirrored light guides with bends, which allow calculating the illumination with a minimum correction from the actual measurement results. An exceptional feature of this work is the “light column” model, which not only fully illuminates the co-working area, but also contributes to the creation of cosiness and comfort in relaxation (temporary rest) sector of the co-working area.
Comparative Analysis of High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Luminaires with LED Luminaires in Tunnel Illumination
Authors: Rustemli Sabir , Kocaman Behcet , Avcil Suat
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, some roads pass through underground tunnels due to technical inadequacy and high economic costs in constructing highways, railways, and pedestrians. Tunnels are opened to pass through obstacles on the route (mountain, hill, etc.) to force the driver, disturb him, reduce the ramps that could endanger safety depending on nature’s state, and shorten travel distances. In this way, number of tunnels along with the road increases, and illuminating these tunnels with different characteristics varies day and night. Tunnel illumination calculations and applications are essential as good tunnel illumination ensures the same flow of comfort, speed, and safety as on the approaching road. Moreover, with the advancement of tunnel technology, many types of equipment are used inside and outside the tunnel, and electricity needs vary according to these types of equipment. In this research, the importance of tunnel illumination was discussed and comparative illumination analysis in 8 August tunnel in Bitlis was conducted. Illumination for the Bitlis 8 August tunnel was done using luminaires with high-pressure sodium vapor lamps, and the grid was used to generate all the energy required. In this study, the energy used by the Bitlis 8 August tunnel for illumination was obtained from the accurate data and the results were compared with the initial situation when the same system was installed using light emitting diode (LED) illumination technology.
Stimulus Range Effect in Discomfort Glare Studies
Authors: Brémond Roland
Published: February 2023

When asked for a subjective judgment, such as rating the discomfort from a glare source, the response of participants depends on the range of stimuli they are provided: this is known as a stimulus range effect. In the present note, the stimulus range effect is discussed in the context of discomfort glare studies. Its status is compared to various kinds of biases, in the metrological and in various psychological senses. This discussion leads to discard the idea that the stimulus range effect should be considered a bias in the case of discomfort glare. A methodology (stimulus range selection) is described to overcome the stimulus range effect problem in the modelling of discomfort glare, at least for engineering applications.
Methodology for Assessing the Colour Quality of Brick Production Based on RGB Images
Authors: Kataev Michael Yu. , Kartashov Eugene Yu. , Karpov Roman K.
Published: February 2023

This article shows one of the applications of computer vision methods in the problem of assessing the quality of the production of ceramic bricks. The tasks of quality assessment include the selection of chips, cracks, scratches, as well as colour changes. The article provides a method of colour difference for assessing the quality of industrial products. Real images of the production process are taken as a basis, for which methods for highlighting bricks have been developed, and for each an assessment of the colour difference from the sample is carried out. The proposed solution to the problem allows you to automate and speed up the process of assessing the quality of brick products in contrast to typical schemes for solving the same problem using visual observation.
Analysis of the Changes in Characteristics of LED Lamps in a T8 Bulb During Process of Burning
Authors: Nesterkina Nina P. , Zhuravlyova Yulia A. , Savonin Alexander O. , Kovalenko Olga Yu. , Mikaeva Svetlana A.
Published: February 2023

The changes in characteristics of T8-bulb LED lamps types manufactured by:
VLL–T8–10–G13–4000 by VKL Electric, LED–T8R–std 10 W 6500 K by ASD, and Ecofit Pro LED tube 600 mm 8 W 765 T8 RCA by Philips, were analysed in comparison with a fluorescent lamp TL–D18 W by Philips after 6000 hours of operation. The parameters of the studied lamps were measured at ambient temperature 23 °C after 0.25 hours of continuous lighting in nominal power mode by using a photo colorimeter Gooch & Housego type. Flicker index of the studied lamps was measured by means of TKA-PKM (08) flicker-illuminance meter in accordance with interstate standard GOST 33393–2015. The lighting duration tests of the LED lamps were conducted in accordance with IEC62612–2019 interstate standard. The same tests of the fluorescent lamp were conducted in accordance with national standard GOST R59175–2020. The lamp parameters were measured after 0.25, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 hours of operation.
The analysis of the measurement results has demonstrated that the measured initial characteristics and flicker index of only the studied Ecofit Pro LED tube 600 mm 8 W 765 T8 RCA LED lamp comply with the initial parameters claimed by the manufacturer and this lamp has the highest luminous flux stability after 6000 hours of operation: 90.8 % (code 9 as per IEC62612–2019 interstate standard).
The Effect of CCT on Vitality and Population Absorption in Urban Area Case Study: The Safavi Bridge Urban Area in Karaj, Iran
Authors: Alilou Mina , Mahdavinejad Mohammadjavad
Published: February 2023

Vitality is one of the components affecting the desirability of urban space, the lack of attention has led to the decline of urban life. Historical areas in our country have been exposed to destruction or become unsafe and unsuitable spaces due to lack of attention. Illumination is one of the factors that can increase the presence of people in the area and thus increase the vitality of spaces at night. Correlated colour temperature (CCT) is one of the practical components in illumination, which can provide us with a variety of quality of space. It seems that changing CCT can be effective in the vitality of the urban area of the Karaj entrance bridge. The present study seeks to find a relationship between CCT and components affecting the vitality of the urban space of the entrance bridge of Karaj city. The entrance bridge of Karaj, dating back to the Seljuk era, is one of the important historical spaces that has become an unsafe and secluded place in recent years due to lack of proper attention. In this research, first, by descriptive-analytical method and using past experiences and the opinion of experts, vitality criteria concerning illumination have been extracted. Then, dual traits were inferred from the criteria and tested by semantic differentiation method using a questionnaire. To measure the effect of CCT, the images taken from the site were changed in SILKYPIX software, and dual traits were evaluated for each. SPSS software and mean test and one-sample T analysis method were used for statistical analysis of data and research reliability test. The results of data analysis showed that in all three images and nine modified modes, the average obtained from the software for the CCT mode of 4000 K is the best mode. Therefore, the results showed that with the decrease of CCT, the vitality criteria of urban spaces of Karaj Bridge also increased. These results can be used to improve the performance and quality of other urban areas.
The Effect of the Irradiation Dose and Time Factors on Producing Capacity of Lettuce and Leaf Vegetables in Photo-Culture Conditions
Authors: Prikupets Leonid B. , Terekhov Vladislav G.
Published: February 2023

Optimisation of the irradiation dose and duration factors in conditions of lettuce-and-leaf vegetable photo-culture matches the goals of development of controllable plant cultivation systems for greenhouses and other protected-ground facilities. Based on the literature of the last years, it is specified that the DLI (Daily Light Integral) factor is paid great attention to in development of sustainable industrial phyto-technology with use of online meteorological and satellite-navigation data. The opportunities of control of the factors under consideration are demonstrated through the example of the author’s experiment in photo-culture conditions of two lettuce cultivars (Frisee and Adamant) made using an automated multi-layer City Farm installation in a room with controlled environment. During the experiment, the variable values of PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) in range (180–220) μmol/(m2s), daily photoperiod τф from 13 to 21 hours, vegetation duration t about 24 to 30 days were used with constant VLI, which is the new concept of vegetation light integral (VLI), was introduced similarly to DLI. It is found that the principle of reciprocity of irradiance parameters and time (the Bunsen-Roscoe law) is not met at constant dose. In terms of average producing capacity, it was possible to increase the level of biomass synthesis by 30 % for Frisee lettuce and by 36 % for Adamant lettuce. A series of partial dependences relating producing capacity of lettuce cultivars to DLI, photoperiod, and vegetation duration was obtained (the authors understand producing capacity as biomass over the vegetation period).
The experiment results may be used as input data for the Virtual Agronomist software developed for controlled plant cultivation.
Lighting Design for Elderly Living in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Kunduraci Arzu Cilasun
Published: February 2023

Associated with aging, elderly suffer from various visual impairments that require specialized illumination conditions. Elderly should be supported by a well-balanced visual environment in residential care facilities to ensure active living and visual comfort. Although literature focused on age related eye diseases, significance of illumination to elderly and satisfaction level evaluations are detailed, translations to lighting design are mostly limited to illuminance-related guidelines. The aim of this study is to identify lighting design cues that enable visual comfort conditions through a systematic literature review. Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar are searched from January 2000 to February 2022 and finally 11 papers that meet inclusive criteria are included. This study highlights illumination related problems of elderly and proposes spatial design recommendations to overcome visual discomforts. The reviewed papers’ results have been presented under categories as daylighting, colour rendering index, correlated colour temperature, night illumination, illumination distribution, illumination control, illumination layout, glare, adaptation, and interior design. Presented design recommendations can be applied to existing or future residential care facilities to reduce various visual challenges that elderly have been experiencing.
Solving the Boundary Problem of a Non-Stationary Equation Transfer of Radiation and Particles for a Semi-Infinite Medium
Authors: Lubenchenko Alexander V. , Lubenchenko Olga I.
Published: February 2023

The boundary problem of non-stationary radiative and particle transfer equation for a semi-infinite medium with an arbitrary single scattering law is considered. This problem comes to finding of a path length distribution function for particles in a turbid medium. A non-linear integro-differential equation for path length distribution function in the case of non-stationary multiple scattering in a semi-infinite medium with an anisotropic scattering law is found by means of invariant embedding. With the help of the discrete ordinates method, matrix non-linear differential equations are deduced that are solved by formulae of backward differentiation and matrix methods for solution of the Lyapunov equation. The computing results are verified by the Monte Carlo method for the path length distribution function for photons backscattered from a drop WC1 cloud and elastically scattered electrons backscattered from a solid semi-infinite target.
The Impact of Passive Solar Shading Elements in Traditional Residential Buildings of Aegean Region
Authors: Cavka Belgin Terim , Feruz Arzu
Published: February 2023

The use of sun shading elements frequently seen in the residential tradition of the Aegean region. Controllable traditional venetian blinds (shutters) carried to the present through periodic changes are prominent design elements of the architectural heritage. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of these traditional sun control elements in terms of energy efficiency in the cooling season within three different locations (north, mid, and south Aegean coast), and daylighting illuminance level adaptations in Izmir, mid Aegean coast area, with 2 different materials, and 3 different blind angles. To obtain data, on-site measurements conducted in the field of interest. The sunshade illuminance level measurements of the studied residential example used as a source for more effective use of IES (VE) energy models before testing further variations. The main objective is to comprehend one of the traditional methods of coping with the effect of the sun and to understand the reasons from a technical point of view for future adaptations. As a result of the analysis carried out on the most critical days of sunlight, the evaluation of solar shading elements in terms of daylighting balance and cooling loads in traditional houses, will provide us the understanding of the effect of sun control variations in the defined temperate climate region. Tested methodology will guide future case studies.
Research of the Characteristics of a Modular Luminaire with LEDs for Outdoor Lighting
Authors: Nesterkina Nina P. , Kovalenko Olga Yu. , Zhuravlyova Yulia A. , Oleynik Ilya A. , Shegurenkova Svetlana A.
Published: February 2023

This article presents the results of the study of electrical, light, and spectral characteristics of the Lisma Module M1 MK‑3 81W outdoor LED modular luminaire. The measurement results were compared with the values of the characteristics declared by the manufacturer in order to identify the accuracy of the declared rated parameters. The studies demonstrated that luminous flux, luminous efficacy, and power capacity of the device are virtually identical to the values declared by the manufacturer (within the tolerance limits). The luminaire has good colour rendering and rather soft radiation spectrum with chromaticity corresponding to neutral white light. The structure of the studied LED device is described. The studied luminaire is compared to other LED lighting devices manufactured in Russia. The recommendations regarding application of the studied LED luminaire are provided.
Definition Problems of the Term “Lightness” in the History of its Development
Authors: Budak Vladimir P. , Epikhov Nikita S. , Smirnov Pavel A.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the research of changes in lighting terminology on the example of one of the main properties of colour – lightness.
The article substantiates the importance of the qualitative definition of terms for the professional understanding of various aspects of colorimetry and possibility of usage colour appearance models (CAM).
Examples and comparisons of the wording of theterms of the CIECAM02 system are given based on variants from International Lighting Vocabularies (ILV) different years of release.
The next is an example of the history of the development of the terms associated with different conditions of perception and definition of brightness, in particular, such as “lightness” and “subjective brightness”. The importance of the clear agreement between the terms and their definitions for the understanding, use, and development of the modern models and systems of colour perception is substantiated.
The English-language and the Russian-language scientific sources are considered. The analysis of which demonstrates the dynamics of changes in the understanding of the term “Lightness”.
Special attention is paid to the fate of the term in the Russian-language lighting literature, discrepancies in the interpretation of the term in various sources are shown, which can lead to a misunderstanding of modern colour appearance models.
The comparison of the interpretation of the term“Lightness” is reviewing based on the English-language and the Russian-language scientific sources. The comparison helps to identify the reasons that led to the problems of definitions and understanding of this term.
In the conclusion, the authors invite experts to discuss lighting terminology and harmonize Russian-language lighting literature with English-language literature.
Also substantiates the importance of the participation of lighting engineering scientists in translations of different scientific literary sources devoted to colour perception.
It is proposed to continue work on improving, and possibly a special reprinting of translations for the better understanding in the Russian lighting engineering literature.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Light Installations and Night Urban Environment
Authors: Karpenko Vladimir E.
Published: February 2023

The article reveals the specifics of the modern development of computer systems in the urban environment, within which augmented reality and virtual reality (AR and VR) technologies can be applied using special observation and perception devices, tablets, smartphones, sensors. An analysis of scientific research shows that AR and VR technologies have many opportunities to change various parameters of the night-time urban environment in an imitation, artificial form, as well as to influence the social and visual psychology of a person for a long time. At the same time, virtual and augmented reality technologies are an effective tool for modelling light-colour figures, checking light-composition parameters, light-urban and figurative light-colour concepts under artificial lighting, which is a practical tool in lighting design. The experience of using virtual and augmented reality in the light forms of the urban environment, installations and various media is considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of shadows as a decorative and semantic means, a component of immersion in light installations and forms.
New Method for Determining Distances to Remote Objects
Authors: Nikitin Anatoly I. , Nikitin Vadim A. , Velichko Alexander M. , Nikitina Tamara F.
Published: February 2023

The procedure for calculating the distances to far removed objects using the analysis of a photograph is described, in which along with the image of the object its reflection in water is presenting. To carry out the analysis, information is required about the height of the camera above the water surface, the distance to objects in the foreground and the size of these objects. The operation of the method is demonstrated.
Development of a Hyperspectral System with Controlled Spectral, Spatial, and Radiometric Resolution
Authors: Shipko Vladimir V. , Pozhar Vitold E. , Machikhin Alexander S. , Balandin Ivan A. , Borzov Sergey M. , Lushchik Alexander V. , Kiselev Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

An approach to the construction of a hyperspectral system is proposed and justified, providing control of spectral, spatial, and radiometric (brightness) resolution, which opens up the possibility of hyperspectral monitoring of objects with limited computing resources and bandwidth of the video data transmission channel. Spectral resolution control is supposed to be carried out on the basis of tuneable, software-controlled acousto-optic filters, spatial resolution control – based on modern CMOS matrix technologies with the “active pixel” function, digitalization control of the images obtained – based on the developed analogy-to-digital converter with tuneable quantization level. Modelling using experimental data has shown the possibility of implementing a sufficiently reproducible classification of hyperspectral images with a decrease in their spectral, spatial, and radiometric resolutions.
Colour Thresholds Definition Based on the Statistical Approach
Authors: Grigoryev Andrey A. , Rybina Viktoria A.
Published: February 2023

The authors developed the MatLab program for modelling the observation of an object and a background of different chromaticity at the constant luminance and obtained the uniform-chromaticity curves with shape close to elliptical. The results of colour thresholds calculations are compared with MacAdam ellipses and an explanation is given for their differences. Based on the statistical model of threshold colour vision, the authors derived expressions for the physiological uniform colour space.
Colour Reproduction by System Consisting of a Radiation Source and Acousto-optic Tuneable Filter
Authors: Beliaeva Alina S. , Romanova Galina E. , Batshev Vladislav I. , Sharikova Milana O.
Published: February 2023

Multiple-window acousto-optic filtering of wide-band (white) light allows to control chromaticity of radiation in the visible range, which allows to use a system consisting of a source of radiation and an acousto-optic filter for colour reproduction problems, for instance, in colorimetry, psychophysiology, spectral analysis, biomedicine and other applied and research areas requiring radiation chromaticity control. The article describes the problem of reproduction of a necessary colour when using two or three spectral components (narrow bands), evaluates the factors affecting accuracy of colour reproduction and demonstrates the capability to reach errors below the chromatic threshold. Also it demonstrates the capabilities of reproduction of colours close to chromaticity locus in the multi-frequency mode of an acousto-optic filter.
Development of an Ophthalmological Video System for a Stereomicroscope for Vitreoretinal Operations
Authors: Gavlina Alexandra E. , Batshev Vladislav I. , Veselov Alexei S. , Balandin Ivan A.
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the problem of high-quality reproduction of stereomicroscopic images on PC screens in low-light conditions of an operating field during vitreoretinal operations. The ophthalmological video system developed in the form of a module connected to one path of a classic-type stereomicroscope is presented and requirements to it are substantiated. To meet them, an original lens was developed. Characteristics of the video system are described.
Method of Wave-Front Characterisation in Endoscopic Probes
Authors: Zolotukhina Anastasia A. , Guryleva Anastasiya V. , Machikhin Alexander S.
Published: February 2023

Endoscopic instrumentation is the main means of visualisation and analysis of condition of hardto-reach cavities of different objects in medicine and engineering. The quality of images formed by endoscopic instrumentation is usually limited by geometric aberrations of its optical system. For efficient optical conjugation of endoscopic probes with an eyepiece designed for visual observation and with analytical instruments, detailed information on their aberration characteristics is required. Nowadays, there is no recognised testing methodology for such probes allowing to determine the degree of geometrical aberrations to full extent. In this work, testing was based on analysis of wave-front behind the endoscope eyepiece using a Shack-Hartmann sensor. A bench for registration and analysis of Hartman-nomograms was developed and built for: determining wave-front characteristics in geometrical optics approximation for extra-axis points; evaluation of field curvature and chromatic aberrations; calculation and accounting for measurement errors. The method is exemplified by obtaining wave-front parameters as well as angular and spectral dependences of the defocusing magnitude (characterising field curvature and chromatic aberration of position of an optical system) for a rigid lens endoscope.
THz-Band Acousto-optic Methods
Authors: Nikitin Pavel A.
Published: February 2023

The lines of development of terahertz (THz) band acousto-optic (AO) light control methods are analysed. Aspects of operations with long-wave radiation are identified. Requirements to the THz-band AO interaction medium are systematised and achievable characteristics of AO devices are evaluated. Methods and achievements in the field of THz-band acousto-optic are reviewed and perspectives for development are noted.
Photobiological Efficiency of Radiation of LED Radiators for Cenoses of Different Age Plants in Relation to Conditions of Closed Ecosystems
Authors: Tikhomirov Alexander A. , Velichko Vladimir V. , Ushakova Sofya A.
Published: February 2023

The paper presents experimental data on the photo-biological efficiency of the emission of white light LED irradiators and phyto-spectrum with an intensity of 460 μmol/(m2s) and 800 μmol/(m2s) at the intermediate (18 days) and final (27 days) stages of the growing season of growing Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), chard (Beta vulgaris), and radish (Raphanus sativus) in relation to the conditions of closed ecosystems (CES). The presence of different specifics of the reaction of plants to the spectral composition of radiation, both at the intermediate and final stages of vegetation, has been established. It has been suggested that in some plant species (Chinese cabbage) it may be physiologically justified at the intermediate stage of vegetation to change the spectral regime of irradiation from the phytospectrum to white light in order to achieve higher productivity values. Using the example of chard, it has been established that the phyto-spectrum can be more effective than white light when growing leaf biomass, regardless of the growing season. Using the example of radishes, it was shown that the phytospectrum stimulates the accumulation of high values of above-ground biomass in comparison with white light, however, for the accumulation of root biomass in relation to the conditions of the CES, it is more expedient to use white light, since with a biomass of root crops comparable to the phytospectrum, plants with an increased coefficient of economic efficiency are formed in white light, which reduces the share of waste in the CES (inedible leafy biomass). On the basis of the data obtained, possible tasks of scientific research on evaluating the spectral efficiency of radiation at certain stages of plant vegetation, as well as the prospects for creating LED irradiators with a physiologically based program for regulating the spectral composition and radiation intensity, are discussed.
Experimental Evaluation of the Structure of Dynamic Diffraction Gratings in Acousto-Optic Devices
Authors: Titov Sergey A. , Pozhar Vitold E. , Lomonov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2023

The method of studying of dynamic diffraction gratings formed in acousto-optic devices is presented. Using a receiving scanning acoustic microscope, acousto-optic modulators of the same shape made of quartz glass and crystalline quartz were studied. Grating shape blurring effects and appearing of spurious gratings due to wave re-reflection were observed. It is shown that the grating structure demonstrates high correspondence to the theoretical shape in quartz glass whereas differences associated with material anisotropy are visible in crystalline quartz. The connection between the structure of dynamic gratings and characteristics of acousto-optic devices is discussed.
Three-Wavelength YAG: Nd3+ Laser System for Lidar Sounding of Marine Areas
Authors: Guldin Yury A. , Volodina Ekaterina M. , Kukushkin Vladislav A.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of the UV, visible, and IR spectral range measurements of temporary parameters of single radiation pulses of a modernised RGB laser with an intracavity parametric light oscillator. It is proposed to transform the modernised RGB laser into a three-wave multifunctional laser system generating shorter and more powerful 532 and 452 nm single radiation pulses with quick switching between them. The laser system is designed for operation as part of a marine aviation radio metrical lidar and has an additional channel of safe for sight radiation with wavelength of 1572 nm to control flight altitude above sea level.
Methods for Calculating the Shape of the Spectral Transmission Window of an Acousto-Optic Filter
Authors: Dyakonov Eugene A. , Pozhar Vitold E.
Published: February 2023

The problem of calculation of acousto-optic filter characteristics with control of the number of volumetric diffraction gratings and their structure is taken into consideration. Special-case calculation methods are described including those in collinear geometry. It is demonstrated that there is an approach allowing to perform detailed calculation of spectral characteristics in wide-aperture diffraction geometry used for problems of spectral analysis of object images. It allows to divide the entire luminous flux into separate beams with the partial transmission function of each of them being described by a simple path integral. This method allows for determining the impact of acoustic wave modulation on the filter spectral transmission function.
Spectral Endoscopy: Technical Means and Methods
Authors: Pozhar Vitold E.
Published: February 2023

The article describes the current state of spectral endoscopic methods. Requirements to technical means are formulated and methods of their implementation are presented. Classification of spectral endoscopic devices is presented, prospects of application of tuneable acousto-optic filters as spectral elements in spectral endoscopy are noted. Examples of practical application of spectral endoscopy methods are presented for non-destructive testing and medical diagnostics.
Perancangan Desain Katalog Sebagai Media Promosi dalam Menunjang Daya Beli Konsumen pada UMKMNovi Grosir Medan Menggunakan Aplikasi Photoshop
Authors: Rizky Denny , Lubis Diana Suksesiwaty
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara Perancangan Desain Katalog Pada Novi Grosir Medan Menggunakan Aplikasi Adobe Photoshop yang hasil  desain katalog nya dapat dilihat oleh calon konsumen dan masyarakat luas. Perubahan perilaku konsumen menuntut sebuah bisnis untuk terus melakukan inovasi supaya mampu bersaing di era digital seperti saat ini. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif, didalam sebuah proses perancangan desain katalog produk, disini penulis menggunakan software Adobe Photoshop, karena aplikasi tersebut bias memberikan efek dan hasil yang terbaik dan menarik tentunya. Adapun dalam hasil penelitian ini adalah telah membuat sebuah katalog produk dalam bentuk hardcopy dan softcopy bertujuan nantinya jika konsumen berkunjung agar lebih gampang membeli dan mengetahui dari produk dan harga yang dijual dan bisa dikirim kekonsumen dimana saja, agar konsumen tersebut bisa memesan secara online