bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological studies of nonhuman primates exposed to supralethal doses of total- or partial-body radiation: influence of a medical countermeasure, gamma-tocotrienol
Authors: Singh Vijay K. , Wise Stephen Y. , Fatanmi Oluseyi O. , Petrus Sarah A. , Carpenter Alana D. , Lee Sang-Ho , Hauer-Jensen Martin , Seed Thomas M.
Published: March 2024

Despite remarkable scientific progress over the past six decades within the medical arts and in radiobiology in general, limited radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Additional effort is needed to develop large animal models for improving the prediction of clinical safety and effectiveness of MCMs for acute and delayed effects of radiation in humans. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered the animal models that reproduce the most appropriate representation of human disease and are considered the gold standard for drug development and regulatory approval. The clinical and histopathological effects of supralethal, total- or partial-body irradiations (12 Gy) of NHPs were assessed, along with possible protective actions of a promising radiation MCM, gamma-tocotrienol (GT3). Results show that these supralethal radiation exposures induce severe injuries that manifest both clinically as well as pathologically, as evidenced by the noted functionally crippling lesions within various major organ systems of experimental NHPs. The MCM, GT3, has limited radioprotective efficacy against such supralethal radiation doses.
Polarization-selective four-wave mixing in a degenerate multi-level system
Authors: Baek Jaeuk , Park Sanghyun , Lee Min-Hwan , Noh Heung-Ryoul , Moon Geol
Published: March 2024

This paper describes the first observation of polarization-selective four-wave mixing signals in conventional coupling-probe spectroscopy, specifically, saturation absorption spectroscopy in 85Rb atoms. The four-wave mixing signal is induced by two counter-propagating laser beams in a degenerate multi-level atomic system, involving the $$F_g=3 \rightarrow F_e =2,3$$

F
g

=
3
→

F
e

=
2
,
3

, and 4 transitions of the 85Rb D2 line. Consequently, the four-wave mixing signals copropagating along the probe beam induce polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam. To distinguish these four-wave mixing signals from the resulting probe beam, we detect the polarization components orthogonal to the polarization direction of the input probe beam, depending on the linear polarization angles between the probe and coupling beams. The experimental findings demonstrate excellent agreement with theoretical results.
Decreased AdipoR1 signaling and its implications for obesity-induced male infertility
Authors: Kobori Toshiko , Iwabu Masato , Okada-Iwabu Miki , Ohuchi Nozomi , Kikuchi Akiko , Yamauchi Naoko , Kadowaki Takashi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kasuga Masato
Published: March 2024

Obesity is among the risk factors for male infertility. Although several mechanisms underlying obesity-induced male subfertility have been reported, the entire mechanism of obesity-induced male infertility still remains unclear. Here, we show that sperm count, sperm motility and sperm fertilizing ability were decreased in male mice fed a high-fat diet and that the expression of the AdipoR1 gene and protein was decreased, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and protein increased, in the testis from mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, we demonstrate that testes weight, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm fertilizing ability were significantly decreased in AdipoR1 knockout mice compared to those in wild-type mice; furthermore, the phosphorylation of AMPK was decreased, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and proteins, caspase-6 activity and pathologically apoptotic seminiferous tubules were increased, in the testis from AdipoR1 knockout mice. Furthermore, study findings show that orally administrated AdipoRon decreased caspase-6 activity and apoptotic seminiferous tubules in the testis, thus ameliorating sperm motility in male mice fed a high-fat diet. This was the first study to demonstrate that decreased AdipoR1/AMPK signaling led to increased caspase-6 activity/increased apoptosis in the testis thus likely accounting for male infertility.
Planctoellipticum variicoloris gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Planctomycetaceae isolated from wastewater of the aeration lagoon of a sugar processing plant in Northern Germany
Authors: Wurzbacher Carmen E. , Haufschild Tom , Hammer Jonathan , van Teeseling Muriel C. F. , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Jogler Christian
Published: March 2024

In the present study, we characterise a strain isolated from the wastewater aeration lagoon of a sugar processing plant in Schleswig (Northern Germany) by Heinz Schlesner. As a pioneer in planctomycetal research, he isolated numerous strains belonging to the phylum Planctomycetota from aquatic habitats around the world. Phylogenetic analyses show that strain SH412T belongs to the family Planctomycetaceae and shares with 91.6% the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Planctopirus limnophila DSM 3776T. Its genome has a length of 7.3 Mb and a G + C content of 63.6%. Optimal growth of strain SH412T occurs at pH 7.0–7.5 and 28 °C with its pigmentation depending on sunlight exposure. Strain SH412T reproduces by polar asymmetric division (“budding”) and forms ovoid cells. The cell size determination was performed using a semi-automatic pipeline, which we first evaluated with the model species P. limnophila and then applied to strain SH412T. Furthermore, the data acquired during time-lapse analyses suggests a lifestyle switch from flagellated daughter cells to non-flagellated mother cells in the subsequent cycle. Based on our data, we suggest that strain SH412T represents a novel species within a novel genus, for which we propose the name Planctoellipticum variicoloris gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain SH412T (= CECT 30430T = STH00996T, the STH number refers to the Jena Microbial Resource Collection JMRC) as the type strain of the new species.
Gender awareness among general practitioners in France: a cross sectional study using the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS)
Authors: Goussault-Capmas Perrine , Panjo Henri , Pelletier-Fleury Nathalie
Published: March 2024

Gender is a key determinant of health and healthcare use. The question of whether physicians are aware of gender issues is important to avoid gender bias in medical practice. This study aimed to validate the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS) in a representative population of French general practitioners (GPs) and to analyze their gender sensitivity and the presence of gender stereotypes among them. The N-GAMS, already validated in medical students, measures gender awareness through 3 subscores: gender sensitivity (GS) and gender-role ideology towards patients (GRIP) and doctors (GRID) (gender stereotypes). After translation into French, it was distributed to 900 GPs. The scale was validated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Psychometric properties were tested. Multivariate linear regressions were conducted to explore the associations between GPs’ characteristics and N-GAMS subscores. EFA identified 3 meaningful factors consistent with prior theory. Subscores exhibited good internal consistency. The main findings were that GRIP was significantly higher in older physicians, in male physicians, among those who less involved their patients in decisions, and those who were not training supervisors. For GRID, results were quite similar to those of GRIP. GS was significantly higher for physicians working in health centres or medical homes and for those with gynecological practices but lower when they less involved patients in medical decisions. This study suggests that it is necessary to teach gender issues not only in medical schools but also as part of continuing medical education.
A stochastic model of preventive maintenance strategies for wind turbine gearboxes considering the incomplete maintenance
Authors: Su Hongsheng , Li Yuqi , Cao Qian
Published: March 2024

In contemporary large wind farms, the combination of condition-based maintenance (CBM) and time-based maintenance (TBM) has become a prevalent approach in preventive maintenance, which is an indispensable part to ensure the safe, stable and environmental operation of equipment. However, the utilization of an inappropriate maintenance strategy may result in over-maintenance or under-maintenance, leading to unstable equipment operation. Furthermore, the majority of preventive maintenance involves replacement maintenance, which may have adverse effects on the performance of wind turbines with excessive maintenance time. Therefore, this paper takes the gearbox as a case study to introduce the incomplete maintenance parameters into the failure rate function to establish a state model based on the stochastic differential equation (SDE) and describing the state change of incomplete maintenance. And then simulating the state model of the gearbox and the joint preventive maintenance strategy of TBM and CBM through examples, resulting the time-based incomplete maintenance (TBIM) is proposed based on the TBM and the incomplete maintenance, and a new joint preventive maintenance strategy incorporating TBIM and CBM is proposed. Through developing the decision-making process of the maintenance strategy to optimize the inappropriate maintenance which including over-maintenance and under-maintenance and simulating the optimized preventive maintenance strategy to compare with that of TBM and CBM and verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed maintenance method.
Revealing per-grain and neighbourhood stress interactions of a deforming ferritic steel via three-dimensional X-ray diffraction
Authors: Ball James A. D. , Kareer Anna , Magdysyuk Oxana V. , Michalik Stefan , Connolley Thomas , Collins David M.
Published: March 2024

The structural performance of polycrystalline alloys is strongly controlled by the characteristics of individual grains and their interactions, motivating this study to understand the dynamic micromechanical response within the microstructure. Here, a high ductility single-phase ferritic steel during uniaxial deformation is explored using three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. Grains well aligned for dislocation slip are shown to possess a wide intergranular stress range, controlled by per-grain dependent hardening activity. Contrariwise, grains orientated poorly for slip have a narrow stress range. A grain neighbourhood effect is observed of statistical significance: the Schmid factor of serial adjoining grains influences the stress state of a grain of interest, whereas parallel neighbours are less influential. This phenomenon is strongest at low plastic strains, with the effect diminishing as grains rotate during plasticity to eliminate any orientation dependent load shedding. The ability of the ferrite to eliminate such neighbourhood interactions is considered key to the high ductility possessed by these materials.
A new copper nanocluster surface molecular imprinted polymethacrylic acid probe for ultratrace trichlorophenol based on in situ-generated nanogold SPR effects
Authors: Lin Li , Liang Aihui , Wen Guiqing , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: March 2024

CuNC@MIP-catalyzed hydrazine hydrate reduction of HAuCl4 for the on-site generation of the AuNPs–SERS/RRS/Abs tri-mode for the detection of TCP.
A facile N-doped NiFe(B) (Oxy)hydroxide monolithic electrode for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Li Yushu , Han Huizhen , Wang Xiuhang , Sun Yu , Zhao Yulian , Tao Shiyi , Duan Aoxing , Ma Yi , Bo Xin , Wang Zenglin
Published: March 2024

Electroless deposition of the NiFeB nucleus overcomes the difficulties of mild-conditioned N-doping, enables achievement of an N-doped NiFe hydroxide monolithic electrode for electrochemical water oxidation and is applicable to S-doping.
Environmental process optimisation of an adsorption-based direct air carbon capture and storage system
Authors: Postweiler Patrik , Engelpracht Mirko , Rezo Daniel , Gibelhaus Andrej , von der Assen Niklas
Published: March 2024

Since the goal of DACCS is CO2 removal, DACCS processes should be optimised using meaningful climate-benefit metrics such as carbon removal efficiency. We optimise a dynamic DACCS process model to fully exploit its carbon removal potential.
Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions
Authors: Mohammadi Nima , Farrell Michelle , O'Sullivan Laura , Langan Andrea , Franchin Marcelo , Azevedo Luciana , Granato Daniel
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of chronic health disorders prevalent worldwide that claim millions of lives yearly.
Fucoidan enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Li Hui , Dong Tieying , Tao Meng , Zhao Haifeng , Lan Tongtong , Yan Shiyu , Gong Xinyi , Hou Qilong , Ma Xuezhen , Song Yang
Published: March 2024

Fucoidan potentiated the antitumour effect with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody via enhancing CD8 T cells function, increasing the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GZMB and reducing the suppression effect of Treg in circulating system, which might be addressed by reshaping gut microbiota.
Comprehensive analysis of cationic dye removal from synthetic and industrial wastewater using a semi-natural curcumin grafted biochar/poly acrylic acid composite hydrogel
Authors: Mosaffa Elias , Patel Rishikumar Indravadan , Banerjee Atanu , Basak Biraj. B. , Oroujzadeh Maryam
Published: March 2024

Curcumin-engineered biochar is embedded into a cross-linked polyacrylic acid hydrogel matrix using in situ polymerization for developing a semi-natural adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from an aqueous solution.
Recycled PETg embedded with graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black for high-performance conductive additive manufacturing feedstock
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Bernalte Elena , Sigley Evelyn , Banks Craig E.
Published: March 2024

The first report of conductive recycled polyethylene terephthalate glycol (rPETg) for additive manufacturing and electrochemical applications is reported herein.
Electrosynthesis of iminophosphoranes and applications in nickel catalysis
Authors: Mdluli Velabo , Lehnherr Dan , Lam Yu-hong , Chaudhry Mohammad T. , Newman Justin A. , DaSilva Jimmy O. , Regalado Erik L.
Published: March 2024

N-Cyano iminophosphoranes are synthesized using electrochemistry and evaluated as ligands in various nickel-catalysed reactions. The electronic and structural properties of these ligands were studied both computationally and experimentally.
Intermolecular lithium bonding between different components upon mixing simultaneously enhances the thermal and electrical properties of an amorphous organic semiconductor material
Authors: Song Seon Bin , Sim Myungsun , Ki Min Seok , Kim Taewoo , Chung You Kyoung , Huh Joonsuk , Kwon Ohyun , Paeng Keewook
Published: March 2024

Simultaneous improvement in the thermal stability and electrical properties of an electron transport material by mixing components that form intermolecular lithium bonding between different mixing components.
Objective scanning-based fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (Scan-FCCS) for studying the fusion dynamics of protein phase separation
Authors: Liu Jian , Yu Wenxin , Dong Chaoqing , Huang Xiangyi , Ren Jicun
Published: March 2024

A new method is proposed for studying the fusion dynamics of protein phase separation by objective scanning-based fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (Scan-FCCS).
The nature of π-hole spodium bonds in the HgLCl2(L = pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine) complexes: from noncovalent to covalent interactions
Authors: Tian Rong , Zeng Yanli , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Xueying
Published: March 2024

Computational investigations reveal the electrophilicity of the π-hole and the nature of spodium bonds in the HgLCl2⋯ZH3/CH2Y complexes.
A high-efficiency oxygen evolution electrocatalyst based on a Co3[Co(CN)6]2@NiFe LDH composite material
Authors: Yu Jiaan , Fu Ruru , Ge Suyu , Yang Chao , Zhao Yun , Feng Caihong , Jiao Qingze , Li Hansheng
Published: March 2024

The flower-like Co-PBA@NiFe-LDH-30 demonstrated remarkable electrochemical performance with a lower overpotential of 253 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a smaller Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1 during the OER process.
Chemical synthesis of site-selective advanced glycation end products in α-synuclein and its fragments
Authors: Bosbach Clara , Gatzemeier Luisa Maria , Bloch von Blottnitz Katja Ilme , König Annekatrin , Diederichsen Ulf , Steinem Claudia , Outeiro Tiago Fleming
Published: March 2024

A strategy for multiple site-selective glycation of lysine side chains was developed, enabling the creation of glycated α-synuclein fragments implicated in neuronal dysfunction.
Azlactone-based copolymers by redox-initiated MADIX polymerization at room temperature in ethanol
Authors: François Francesca , Gody Guillaume , Wilson James , Fontaine Laurent , Pascual Sagrario
Published: March 2024

Macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthate polymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone is studied under industrially viable conditions to access a reactive polymer platform.
Structure and photochemistry of di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Kutta Roger Jan , Coburger Peter , Stammler Hans-Georg , Schwabedissen Jan , Mitzel Norbert W. , Dimitrova Maria , Berger Raphael J. F. , Nuernberger Patrick , Wolf Robert
Published: March 2024

Crystallographic and quantum chemical studies reveal a close relationship of (tBuCP)2 with P4. Photochemical transformations proceed via the 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene isomer, which dimerises to give (tBuCP)4 in the absence of a trap.
Leveraging the Cu2SnTe3 additive for an improved thermoelectric figure of merit and module efficiency in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3-based composites
Authors: Pan Qiaoyan , Pang Kaikai , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yan , Shi Huilie , Li Jingsong , Zhou Wenjie , Sun Qianqian , Zhang Yuyou , Tan Xiaojian , Sun Peng , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guo-Qiang , Jiang Jun
Published: March 2024

The highly active additive Cu2SnTe3 generates multi-scale defects, effectively reducing lattice thermal conductivity. Along with optimized weighted mobility, the higher quality factor yields a competitive ZT value in the (Bi,Sb)2Te3-based composite.
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma methylation markers in salivary DNA
Authors: Mezzacappa Catherine , Wang Zhanwei , Lu Lingeng , Risch Harvey , Taddei Tamar , Yu Herbert
Published: March 2024

Background: Alterations to DNA methylation have been identified in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor and circulating DNA from affected individuals. These markers have potential utility in HCC screening. Adherence to HCC screening is poor and acceptable HCC screening tests are needed.

Methods: A feasibility study was performed on a subset of case patients and control subjects from a prior study of risk factors for HCC. Case patients (n=12) included adults aged 47–85 years with a first diagnosis of HCC between 2011 and 2016 and without viral hepatitis. Control subjects (n=12) were matched on age, sex, and state of residence. Participants provided saliva samples for DNA genotyping. Log fold change in salivary DNA methylation at 1359 CpG sites representing 25 candidate genes previously associated with HCC was compared across case patients and control subjects.

Results: The quantity of DNA ranged from 9.65 to 257.79 μg. The purity of DNA isolates was good, with mean OD260/280 ratio of 1.78 (SD: 0.14). Of 25 candidate genes, 16 had at ≥1 CpG site with detectable differences in methylation across HCC case patients and control subjects. Sites differentially methylated in HCC case patients included genes encoding tumor suppressors (PRDM2, RUNX3, p15/16, and RASSF1/5), regulators of cell cycle progression (DAPK1 and TP73), and DNA repair (MGMT and GSTP1). No associations met the significance threshold 3.7 × 10−5 required for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions: Salivary DNA may be a feasible alternative to blood samples in the era of novel DNA-based screening tests for HCC. The ease of saliva-based testing supports further investigation of its potential.
Pre-supernova evolution and final fate of stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer
Authors: Schneider F. R. N. , Podsiadlowski Ph. , Laplace E.
Published: March 2024

The majority of massive stars are expected to exchange mass or merge with a companion during their lives. This immediately implies that most supernovae (SNe) are from such post-mass-exchange objects. Here, we explore how mass accretion and merging affect the pre-SN structures of stars and their final fates. To this end, we modelled these complex processes by rapid mass accretion onto stars of different evolutionary stages and followed their evolution up to iron core collapse. We used the stellar evolution code MESA and inferred the outcome of core-collapse using a neutrino-driven SN model. Our models cover initial masses from 11 to 70 M⊙ and the accreted mass ranges from 10−200% of the initial mass. All models are non-rotating and for solar metallicity. The rapid accretion model offers a systematic way to approach the landscape of mass accretion and stellar mergers. It is naturally limited in scope and serves as a clean zeroth order baseline for these processes. We find that mass accretion, in particular onto post-main-sequence (post-MS) stars, can lead to a long-lived blue supergiant (BSG) phase during which stars burn helium in their cores. In comparison to genuine single stars, post-MS accretors have small core-to-total mass ratios, regardless of whether they end their lives as BSGs or cool supergiants (CSGs), and they can have genuinely different pre-SN core structures. As in single and binary-stripped stars, we find black-hole (BH) formation for the same characteristic CO core masses MCO of ≈7 M⊙ and ≳13 M⊙. In models with the largest mass accretion, the BH formation landscape as a function of MCO is shifted by about 0.5 M⊙ to lower masses, that is, such accretors are more difficult to explode. We find a tight relation between our neutron-star (NS) masses and the central entropy of the pre-SN models in all accretors and single stars, suggesting a universal relation that is independent of the evolutionary history of stars. Post-MS accretors explode both as BSGs and CSGs, and we show how to understand their pre-SN locations in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Accretors exploding as CSGs can have much higher envelope masses than single stars. Some BSGs that avoid the luminous-blue-variable (LBV) regime in the HR diagram are predicted to collapse into BHs of up to 50 M⊙, while others explode in SNe and eject up to 40 M⊙, greatly exceeding ejecta masses from single stars. Both the BH and SN ejecta masses increase to about 80 M⊙ in our models when allowing for multiple mergers, for example, in initial triple-star systems, and they can be even higher at lower metallicities. Such high BH masses may fall into the pair-instability-SN mass gap and could help explain binary BH mergers involving very massive BHs as observed in GW190521. We further find that some of the BSG models explode as LBVs, which may lead to interacting SNe and possibly even superluminous SNe.
Short-period pulsating hot subdwarf stars observed by TESS
Authors: Baran A. S. , Charpinet S. , Østensen R. H. , Reed M. D. , Van Grootel V. , Lyu C. , Telting J. H. , Németh P.
Published: March 2024

We present the results of an extension of our Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) search for short-period pulsations in compact stellar objects observed during the second and fourth years of the TESS mission, which targeted the northern ecliptic hemisphere. For many of the targets, we exploited unpublished spectroscopic data to confirm or re-evaluate the object’s spectral classification. From the TESS photometry, we identified 50 short-period hot-subdwarf pulsators, including 35 sdB and 15 sdOB stars. The sample contains 26 pulsators that were unknown prior to the TESS mission. Nine stars show signals at both low and high frequencies and have been categorized as “hybrid” pulsators. For each pulsator, we report the list of prewhitened frequencies, along with and their amplitude spectra calculated from the TESS data. We attempt to identify possible multiplets caused by stellar rotation and we report five candidates with rotation periods between 11 and 46 d. With the search for p-mode pulsating hot subdwarfs in TESS Sectors 1–60 complete, we discuss the completeness of the study, as well as the instability strip and the evolutionary status of the stars we found. We also compare the distribution of pulsation periods as a function of effective temperature and surface gravity with theoretical predictions. We find that the percentage of undetected pulsators in the TESS mission increases with decreasing brightness measurements of stars, reaching 25% near the 15th magnitude. When comparing the distribution of hot subdwarfs in the log g − Teff plane with stellar models, we underline the importance of a proper treatment of the hydrogen-rich envelope composition (strongly affected by microscopic diffusion processes). We also emphasize that the stellar mass is a significant factor in understanding the instability strip. The p-mode instability strip is confirmed to be narrower than predicted by prior non-adiabatic calculations based on models incorporating equilibrium between gravitational settling and radiative levitation for iron. This implies that competing mixing processes ignored in these models must play a role in reducing the amount of levitating iron in the stellar envelope. Interestingly, we find that the coolest p-mode pulsators with Teff ≲ 30 000 K (including the hybrid ones) tend to cluster around the terminal age of the extreme horizontal branch of canonical mass (TAEHB at ∼0.47 M⊙). This trend is expected from the non-adiabatic pulsation calculations. Otherwise, the overall pulsation period distributions tend to reproduce the predicted trends in Teff and log g.
GLACE survey: OSIRIS/GTC tuneable imaging of the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652
Authors: Cedrés Bernabé , De Daniloff Simon B. , Bongiovanni Ángel , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Cerviño Miguel , Pérez-Martínez Ricardo , Pérez-García Ana María , Cepa Jordi , Lara-López Maritza A. , González-Otero Mauro , Castillo-Fraile Manuel , González-Serrano José Ignacio , Negrete Castalia Alenka , Padilla-Torres Camen P. , Pintos-Castro Irene , Pović Mirjana , Alfaro Emilio , Beyoro-Amado Zeleke , Cruz-González Irene , de Diego José A. , Martínez Rocío Navarro , Mancillas Brisa , Rodríguez Mónica I. , Valtchanov Iván
Published: March 2024

Aims. In this paper, we revisit the data for the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 provided by the GLACE survey and study the mass–metallicity function and its relationship with the environment.

Methods. Here we describe an alternative way to reduce the data from OSIRIS tunable filters. This method gives us better uncertainties in the fluxes of the emission lines and the derived quantities. We present an updated catalogue of cluster galaxies with emission in Hα and [N II] λλ6548,6583. We also discuss the biases of these new fluxes and describe the way in which we calculated the mass–metallicity relationship and its uncertainties.

Results. We generated a new catalogue of 84 emission-line galaxies with reliable fluxes in [N II] and Hα lines from a list of 174 galaxies. We find a relationship between the clustercentric radius and the density of galaxies. We derived the mass–metallicity relationship for ZwCl 0024.0+1652 and compared it with clusters and field galaxies from the literature. We find a difference in the mass–metallicity relationship when compared to more massive clusters, with the latter showing on average higher values of abundance. This could be an effect of the quenching of the star formation, which seems to be more prevalent in low-mass galaxies in more massive clusters. We find little to no difference between ZwCl 0024.0+1652 galaxies and field galaxies located at the same redshift.
candl: cosmic microwave background analysis with a differentiable likelihood
Authors: Balkenhol L. , Trendafilova C. , Benabed K. , Galli S.
Published: March 2024

We present candl, an automatically differentiable python likelihood for analysing cosmic microwave background power spectrum measurements. candl is powered by JAX, which makes it fast and easy to calculate derivatives of the likelihood. This facilitates, for example, robust Fisher matrices without finite-difference methods. We show the benefits of candl through a series of example calculations, covering forecasting, robustness tests, and gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. These also include optimising the band power bin width to minimise parameter errors of a realistic mock data set. Moreover, we calculate the correlation of parameter constraints from correlated and partially overlapping subsets of the SPT-3G 2018 TT/TE/EE data release. In a traditional analysis framework, these tasks are slow and require careful fine-tuning to obtain stable results. As such, a fully differentiable pipeline allows for a higher level of scrutiny; we argue that this is the paradigm shift required to leverage incoming data from ground-based experiments, which will significantly improve the cosmological parameter constraints from the Planck mission. candl comes with the latest primary and lensing power spectrum data from the South Pole Telescope and Atacama Cosmology Telescope collaborations and will be used as part of the upcoming SPT-3G TT/TE/EE and ϕϕ data releases. Along with the core code, we release a series of auxiliary tools, which simplify common analysis tasks and interface the likelihood with other cosmological software. candl is pip-installable and publicly available on Github.
Influence of Surgeon's Expertise on the Duration of Approach and Closure during Osteosynthesis of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Cafarelli Laurine , Graëff Camille , Lampert Thomas , Padoy Nicolas , Meyer Nicolas , Dabbagh Armaghan , El Amiri Laela , Liverneaux Philippe
Published: March 2024

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether the duration of the approach (PII) and closure (PV) phases for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of distal radius fractures varied according to the surgeon's level of expertise. The main hypothesis was that the PII or PV duration was inversely proportional to the level of expertise.

Methods The method measured the duration of PII and PV for 50 videos of MIPO operated by one surgeon with level 3E expertise, three with level 4E, and one with level 5E. The videos were viewed to identify any technical errors.

Results The average PII duration was 3 minutes 8 seconds for level 5E, 4 minutes 7 seconds for 4E, and 6 minutes 19 seconds for 3E. Average PV duration was 2 minutes 12 seconds for level 5E, 2 minutes 36 seconds for 4E, and 2 minutes 41 seconds for 3E. The average duration of PII + PV was 5 minutes 20 seconds for level 5E, 6 minutes 37 seconds for 4E, and 9 minutes for 3E. These findings indicate that both PII and PV duration was the longest in the level 3E surgeons' practice. Six technical errors were identified for levels 3E and 4E during PII (hemostasis control, multiple incisions, instrument handling, improper use of the fluoroscope, time-outs) and PV (intradermal reattachment).

Clinical Relevance The main hypothesis was verified since the duration of PII or PV was inversely proportional to the surgeon's level of expertise. This study identified technical errors in hand surgery practices of new surgeons. By early identification and correcting these minor errors, it would be possible to speed up the learning curve. We recommend surgical videos to be systematically recorded and analyzed to improve hand surgery practices.

Type of Study/Level of Evidence Therapeutic/Level IIIa.
A cooperative optimization model and enhanced algorithm for guided strategies in emergency mobile facilities
Authors: Teng Chenmei , Yu Poshan , Liu Liwen
Published: March 2024

In the realm of emergency response, the swift and efficient deployment of mobile units is of paramount importance. This research introduces a strategy centered around the “proximity response” principle, aiming to strategically position emergency services nearer to areas of higher demand. This approach is designed to enhance response times while optimizing resource allocation. Through the integration of practical planning with user-friendly computational methodologies, this paper presents a novel framework for improving the allocation and reach of emergency facilities. This includes extending critical care to broader areas and minimizing operational costs. The simulations conducted demonstrate that this strategy markedly enhances crisis management effectiveness. The paper also includes a statistical analysis that provides substantial evidence of the practicality and efficiency of this approach in real-world emergency scenarios. This study contributes to the field by offering a new perspective on resource distribution and emergency response planning, potentially impacting the way these critical services are organized and deployed.
Understanding the experience of family caregivers of patients with leukemia: a qualitative analysis of online blogs
Authors: Qiu Mengying , Wu Yijin
Published: March 2024

Although family caregiving is a demanding task, it has the potential to increase the significance and satisfaction of the caregiving process, while also enabling better response to the patient’s condition. This study aims to qualitatively explore, describe and analyze the experiences of family caregivers who are taking care of patients with leukemia. With an inductive thematic analysis, data collected from 997 online blog posts generated by 32 Chinese family caregivers of both adult and pediatric patients with leukemia were thoroughly examined. Through a detailed analysis of the blog posts, three main themes were identified: (1) family caregivers’ (FCGs’) reactions to the leukemia diagnosis, (2) challenges faced in caregiving, and (3) effective coping strategies. The study reveals significant implications for improving the quality of life for family caregivers and enhancing health services for patients with leukemia. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of challenges and hardships faced by FCGs can shed light on enhancing the current medical services. A detailed account of the financial and psychological burdens experienced by FCGs offers valuable insights that can influence the decision-making of healthcare institutions and policymakers, facilitating the implementation of effective medical reforms. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the psycho-social needs of family caregivers, thereby suggesting the need of improved implementation of effective psycho-social support to enhance their overall quality of life. It is recommended that future research focus on developing more socially integrated approaches specifically tailored for family caregivers of patients with leukemia. While this study is primarily exploratory and descriptive, it forms a foundation for further investigation and understanding of the comprehensive family caregiving system for patients with leukemia.
Predictors of social media users’ intention to donate online towards international NGOs in the fake news era
Authors: Obadă Daniel-Rareș , Dabija Dan-Cristian , Câmpian Veronica
Published: March 2024

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) operate worldwide to fulfil important needs and issues faced by global communities, but they are highly dependent on donations. Social media facilitates communication with potential donors but exposes them to fake news. This study examines the effect of a set of predictors of social media users’ intention to donate online to international NGOs, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a conceptual structure. A self-administered online survey was used to collect data from 1629 potential donors to INGOs, and structural equation modelling with SmartPLS 3.0 was employed for assessing the model. The study reveals that social media usage and INGOs’ brand reputation positively impact the sharing of fake news, perceived risks of online donations, attitude towards online donations, and brand image of INGOs. Communication specialists could utilise these insights to boost online donations towards INGOs in the age of misinformation.
Slender buildings gallop in the wind
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2024

Understanding how tall-square buildings with large aspect ratios oscillate in urban flow will aid in the design of these structures.
Silicon x-ray backlighter improvement by targets with spike-like microstructures
Authors: Ebert Tina , Sander Steffen , Stoeckl Christian , Theobald Wolfgang , Regan Sean P. , Roth Markus
Published: March 2024

In order to accurately probe high energy density matter states, it is vital to create powerful x-ray backlighters. One approach to create such x-ray sources is based on the usage of short-pulse, high-energy lasers, which greatly benefits from an optimization of the laser target coupling. Here, the spectral and temporal x-ray emission profiles of structured silicon targets with micron-sized spikes on the front surface are studied at laser intensities of 1017 W cm−2. The laser pulse length is varied between 1 and 20 ps with an energy of up to 1 kJ. The structured targets show an up to 13× enhancement of silicon Heα emission compared to flat foils with a well-defined, sharp emission pulse profile. Furthermore, the performance of the microstructured targets is compared to targets with a CH shield as well as foils irradiated with a UV prepulse.
Structural effects of water clusters on viscosity at high shear rates
Authors: Gao Yitian , Wu Jian , Feng Yixuan , Han Jiale , Fang Hongwei
Published: March 2024

In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water to investigate how shear thinning affects the viscosity of liquid water by structural changes of the hydrogen bond network. The effect of shear on viscosity can be divided into two parts: shear-induced destruction of the hydrogen bond network and the influence of the water structure on shear viscosity. First, strong shear destroys tetrahedral structures and thus reduces the connectivity of the hydrogen bond network. It is mainly because shear deformation, characterized by compression and expansion axes, respectively, triggers the destruction and formation of hydrogen bonds, resulting in anisotropic effects on water structures. At the same time, shear destroys large clusters and enhances the formation of small ones, resulting in a decrease in average cluster sizes. Second, the change of viscosity obeys a power law relationship with the change of hydrogen bond structures, highlighting a one-to-one correspondence between structure and property. Meanwhile, in order to explain why the structure affects viscosity, we define hydrogen-bond viscosity and find that the cooperative motion of the water structures can promote momentum transfer in the form of aggregations. Hydrogen-bond viscosity accounts for 5%–50% of the total viscosity. Our results elucidate that water structures are the important structural units to explain the change of water properties.
Application of density matrix Wigner transforms for ultrafast macromolecular and chemical x-ray crystallography
Authors: Perrett Samuel , Chatrchyan Viktoria , Buckup Tiago , van Thor Jasper J.
Published: March 2024

Time-Resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (TR-SFX) conducted at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has become a powerful tool for capturing macromolecular structural movies of light-initiated processes. As the capabilities of XFELs advance, we anticipate that a new range of coherent control and structural Raman measurements will become achievable. Shorter optical and x-ray pulse durations and increasingly more exotic pulse regimes are becoming available at free electron lasers. Moreover, with high repetition enabled by the superconducting technology of European XFEL (EuXFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) , it will be possible to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the light-induced differences, allowing for the observation of vibronic motion on the sub-Angstrom level. To predict and assign this coherent motion, which is measurable with a structural technique, new theoretical approaches must be developed. In this paper, we present a theoretical density matrix approach to model the various population and coherent dynamics of a system, which considers molecular system parameters and excitation conditions. We emphasize the use of the Wigner transform of the time-dependent density matrix, which provides a phase space representation that can be directly compared to the experimental positional displacements measured in a TR-SFX experiment. Here, we extend the results from simple models to include more realistic schemes that include large relaxation terms. We explore a variety of pulse schemes using multiple model systems using realistic parameters. An open-source software package is provided to perform the density matrix simulation and Wigner transformations. The open-source software allows us to define any arbitrary level schemes as well as any arbitrary electric field in the interaction Hamiltonian.
Pathway selectivity in time-resolved spectroscopy using two-photon coincidence counting with quantum entangled photons
Authors: Fujihashi Yuta , Ishizaki Akihito , Shimizu Ryosuke
Published: March 2024

Ultrafast optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying the dynamic processes of molecular systems in condensed phases. However, in molecular systems containing many dye molecules, the spectra can become crowded and difficult to interpret owing to the presence of multiple nonlinear optical contributions. In this work, we theoretically propose time-resolved spectroscopy based on the coincidence counting of two entangled photons generated via parametric down-conversion with a monochromatic laser. We demonstrate that the use of two-photon counting detection of entangled photon pairs enables the selective elimination of the excited-state absorption signal. This selective elimination cannot be realized with classical coherent light. We anticipate that the proposed spectroscopy will help simplify the spectral interpretation of complex molecular and material systems comprising multiple molecules.
Parametric study of catenary mooring system on floating wind turbine foundation dynamic response
Authors: Meng Huiwen , Liu Yongqian , Tian De , Long Kai , Li Bei , Su Yi , Sun Ke
Published: March 2024

The ability of the floating offshore wind turbine foundation to withstand harsh wind and wave conditions is intrinsically linked to the meticulousness employed in the design of the mooring system. Therefore, it is vital to conduct research to reveal the variations in sensitivity of new mooring materials parameters and the response characteristics of the foundation in the presence of intricate operational circumstances. A fully coupled time-domain dynamic analysis is performed via the commercial software AQWA to examine the VolturnUS-S semi-submersible foundation, specifically engineered to support the IEA 15 MW offshore reference wind turbine. The numerical simulation results indicate that synthetic fibers, specifically Aramid and high-modulus polyethylene, can replace the steel wire as mooring materials. At the same time, the mooring arrangement, length, diameter, and fairlead position influence foundation motions and mooring tensions, bringing valuable insight into the fluctuation patterns of these responses.
Advancements in Laplace transform techniques: Performing non-parametric hypothesis testing on real-world data through statistical analysis
Authors: Bakr M. E. , El-Toony A. A. , Almohaimeed Amani , Gadallah A. M.
Published: March 2024

This research delves into the exploration of a statistical testing approach grounded in Laplace transform techniques specifically tailored for the New Better than Used Laplace transform order (NBUL) class of life distributions. The developed test exhibits versatility, accommodating both complete and censored data, and critical values are systematically calculated for its application. Beyond the methodological presentation, our study investigates the test’s statistical power and explores Pitman’s asymptotic efficiency concerning various alternative distributions. Comparative analyses with other tests within the same class contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the proposed approach. To demonstrate practical applicability, we apply this novel testing technique to authentic engineering and medical datasets. The outcomes of these applications serve as illustrative examples, showcasing the effectiveness and relevance of the proposed methodology in real-world scenarios.
Reducing contact resistance of MoS2-based field effect transistors through uniform interlayer insertion via atomic layer deposition
Authors: Woo Whang Je , Seo Seunggi , Yoon Hwi , Lee Sanghun , Kim Donghyun , Park Seonyeong , Kim Youngjun , Sohn Inkyu , Park JuSang , Chung Seung-min , Kim Hyungjun
Published: March 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a semiconducting two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide (2D TMDC), with attractive properties enables the opening of a new electronics era beyond Si. However, the notoriously high contact resistance (RC) regardless of the electrode metal has been a major challenge in the practical applications of MoS2-based electronics. Moreover, it is difficult to lower RC because the conventional doping technique is unsuitable for MoS2 due to its ultrathin nature. Therefore, the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) architecture has been proposed as a method to fabricate a reliable and stable contact with low RC. Herein, we introduce a strategy to fabricate MIS contact based on atomic layer deposition (ALD) to dramatically reduce the RC of single-layer MoS2 field effect transistors (FETs). We utilize ALD Al2O3 as an interlayer for the MIS contact of bottom-gated MoS2 FETs. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the uniformity of ALD Al2O3 films on MoS2 can be increased by modulating the precursor injection pressures even at low temperatures of 150 °C. We discovered, for the first time, that film uniformity critically affects RC without altering the film thickness. Additionally, we can add functionality to the uniform interlayer by adopting isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as an oxidant. Tunneling resistance across the MIS contact is lowered by n-type doping of MoS2 induced by IPA as the oxidant in the ALD process. Through a highly uniform interlayer combined with strong doping, the contact resistance is improved by more than two orders of magnitude compared to that of other MoS2 FETs fabricated in this study.
Revisiting Staudinger and Ruzicka’s altered pyrethrolone: the cyclopentadienone dimers derived from pyrethrin I, cinerin I and jasmolin I
Authors: Hutt Oliver E. , Freemont Jamie A. , Kyi Stella , Littler Stuart W. , McGeary Ross P. , Duggan Peter J. , Tsanaktsidis John , Cole Helen F. , Kerr Maurice G. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Ryan John H.
Published: March 2024

The reactions of pyrethrin I, cinerin I and jasmolin I with sodium hydroxide in ethanol afforded an approximately 1:1 ratio of two respective cyclopentadienone dimers, isolated in good yield. A combination of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic studies allowed determination of the structure and stereochemistry of the dimers. The dimers are formed by cycloaddition reactions of the less substituted alkene of the cyclopentadienone, and by regioisomeric endo transition states. Density functional theory calculations were in accord with the experimental findings showing the products formed by ambimodal transition states. One such transition state led to two initial products with the less stable product undergoing facile conversion to the other more stable, experimentally observed product. These studies clarify the structures of the altered pyrethrolone reported by Staudinger and Ruzicka in 1924.