The involvement of chronic persistent viral infection to various diseases of the oral cavity
Authors: Gorbacheva I. A. , Antonova I. N. , Sycheva Yu. A. , Ivanov V. V. , Kulikova Yu. R. , Shabak-Spassky P. S. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. According to the literature all over the world, there is a tendency to reduce immunological reactivity in humans, this is facilitated by the presence of chronic persistent herpes viral infection. Herpes infection has systemic immunosuppressive effects of the infection on the human body, and also highlighted the role of the virus in a slow occurrence of combined pathology of internal organs and infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral tissues and periodontium. High interest of specialists to this problem сaused by the necessity of new methods of complex treatment polymorbidity human pathology. Purpose – to assess the degree of involvement of chronic cytomegalovirus persistence in a number of dental diseases.

Materials and methods. In 67 patients dental surgery underwent surgery removal of benign tumors of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, periodontium and jaws, had a clinical blood analysis, blood testing for serological signs of chronic persistence of cytomegalovirus infection (antibodies to CMV Ig G (anti CMV IgG), PCR for CMV in blood and saliva, and also studied the cellular composition of blood immunogram. The age of patients averaged 46 years. Рatients were divided according to the nosological principle into 4 groups. The first group consisted of patients with periapical foci of chronic odontogenic inflammation and radicular cysts of the jaws. The second group consisted of persons with oral fibroids of different localization. The third group is patients with retention cysts of small salivary glands of the oral mucosa. The fourth group – patients with poligamy various locations. All operations are performed outside the phase of acute inflammation. The material obtained after the operation underwent histological examination.

Results. Serological signs of chronic persistence of cytomegalovirus infection were revealed in all examined patients, the level of anti CMV Ig was 225 ± 25 U / ml (at the rate of 0.00-0.50 U / ml) (p 0.01). Also, all patients showed lymphocytosis of blood and this corresponded to the same type of changes in the cellular composition of the immunogram with a decrease in the quantitative parameters of B-lymphocytes (CD19+ CD3- ), true natural "killers" (NK-cells) (CD3- CD56+ CD45+ ), NK-cells cytokine-producing (CD3- CD16+ Cd56brightcd45+ ), NK-cells cytolytic (CD3- CD16+ (orhigh) sd56dimcd45+ ). The results of the histological study showed that focal mononuclear and lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration with giant cells with large nuclei are more often detected in areas of the oral mucosa in all patients with radical and retention cysts.

Conclusion. The Obtained results demonstrate that in patients regardless of surgical dental diagnosis, chronic persistence of cytomegalovirus with the same type of hematological, immunological abnormalities was revealed. In areas of the oral mucosa with retention cysts of small salivary glands and with radicular cysts, focal lymphohistiocytic and mononuclear cell infiltration with giant cells with large nuclei was revealed.