bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Bionanocomposites Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate and Filled with Cellulose Nanocrystals: Melting Processing and Characterization
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Bittmann-Hennes Birgit , Montero Belén , Wetzel Bernd , Barral Luis
Published: May 2023

This article contributes to the understanding of biobased and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bionanocomposites melt processed by pre-industrial methods such as extrusion and injection molding and reinforced by weight contents of 1 and 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from waste streams of the paper industry. Ultrasonic treatment was used for dispersion of the CNC, which was followed by transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties and the crystallization behavior of bionanocomposites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning analysis, X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. Investigations on the bending properties were carried out in conjunction with the analysis of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the fracture surface. All these analyses give a deep insight into their structure-property relationship. The moisture absorption measurements and gas barrier properties analysis made to the processed bionanocomposites have provided an insight into their behavior under environmental conditions. The PHB bionanocomposites with a low content of 1 wt% CNC were found to have the best dispersion quality, which had a positive effect on almost all mechanical and thermal properties. The increase in crystallinity with the incorporation of CNC also contributed to an improvement in mechanical properties. In addition, the bionanocomposites show a slightly lower tendency to absorb moisture and better barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor. These findings showed that these bionanocomposites are suitable for use in the packaging industry.

Graphical Abstract
HJB Equations and Stochastic Control on Half-Spaces of Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Calvia Alessandro , Cappa Gianluca , Gozzi Fausto , Priola Enrico
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we study a first extension of the theory of mild solutions for Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations in Hilbert spaces to the case where the domain is not the whole space. More precisely, we consider a half-space as domain, and a semilinear HJB equation. Our main goal is to establish the existence and the uniqueness of solutions to such HJB equations, which are continuously differentiable in the space variable. We also provide an application of our results to an exit-time optimal control problem, and we show that the corresponding value function is the unique solution to a semilinear HJB equation, possessing sufficient regularity to express the optimal control in feedback form. Finally, we give an illustrative example.
Landscape context importance for predicting forest transition success in central Panama
Authors: Bardino Giulia , Di Fonzo Gianrico , Walker Kendra , Vitale Marcello , Hall Jefferson S.
Published: May 2023

Context

Naturally recovering secondary forests are frequently re-cleared before they can recover to pre-disturbance conditions. Identifying landscape factors associated with persistence success will help planning cost-efficient and effective forest restoration.

Objectives

The ability of secondary forest to persist is an often undervalued requisite for long-term ecosystem restoration. Here we identify the landscape context for naturally regenerated forests to persist through time within central Panama.

Methods

We developed a random forest classification (RFC) calibration method to identify areas with high (≥ 90%) and low (< 90%) likelihood of forest persistence success based on their spatial relation with nine landscape explanatory variables.

Results

The RFC model discriminated between secondary forests areas that persisted and did not persisted with an error rate of 2%. By tuning, we obtained a precision of 0.94 (94%) in the validation test. The two most important explanatory variables involved in the persistence dynamic were elevation and distance to the nearest rural area. Naturally regenerated forests lasted longer in patches that were closer to both Gatun and Alajuela Lakes as to protected areas, but further from rural communities, roads, urban areas and in patches with higher elevation and steeper slopes.

Conclusion

By tracking remote sensed, landscape context metrics of easy collection, we developed a prediction map of central Panama areas with high (≥ 90%) and low (> 90%) probability of natural forest regeneration and persistence success within the next 30 years. This map represents a basis for management decisions and future investigations for effective, long-term forest-landscape restoration.
Demographics, Birth Parameters, and Social Determinants of Health Among Opioid-Exposed Mother-Infant Dyads Affected by Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in Pennsylvania, 2018–2019
Authors: Decker Caryn M. , Mahar Mohsin , Howells Callie L. , Ma Zhen-qiang , Goetz Carrie Thomas , Watkins Sharon M.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To characterize demographics, birth parameters, and social determinants of health among mother-infant dyads affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Pennsylvania.

Methods

We linked 2018–2019 NAS surveillance data to birth record data using probabilistic methods and then geospatially linked to local social determinants of health data based on residential address. We generated descriptive statistics and used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to model the association between maternal characteristics, birth parameters, social determinants of health, and NAS.

Results

In adjusted models maternal age > 24, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, low educational attainment, Medicaid as payor at delivery, inadequate or no prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, and low median household income were associated with NAS. We found no significant associations between NAS and county-level measures of clinician supply, number of substance use treatment facilities, or urban/rural designation.

Conclusions for Practice

This study characterizes mother-infant dyads affected by NAS using linked non-administrative, population data for Pennsylvania. Results demonstrate a social gradient in NAS and inequity in prenatal care receipt among mothers of infants with NAS. Findings may inform implementation of state-based public health interventions.
Moderate Multidimensional Poverty Index: Paving the Way Out of Poverty
Authors: Alkire Sabina , Kövesdi Fanni , Scheja Elina , Vollmer Frank
Published: May 2023

Eradicating poverty in all its forms, everywhere, requires indicators that measure sustainable pathways out of poverty, and not only the absence of acute poverty. This paper introduces a trial Moderate Multidimensional Poverty Index (MMPI) that reflects moderate rather than acute levels of multidimensional poverty. The MMPI adjusts nine of the 10 indicators of the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (global MPI) to reflect moderate poverty and create a meaningful superset of the acutely poor population. Although data-constrained, the trial MMPI outlines a methodology and potential indicators for a measure that would: (i) be meaningful and comparable across populations at higher levels of development; (ii) align with higher standards defined in Agenda 2030; and (iii) provide insight into aspects of intrahousehold deprivation. The MMPI is illustrated empirically using nationally representative household surveys from Bangladesh, Guatemala, Iraq, Serbia, Tanzania and Thailand. The results confirm the added value of having three nested measures of destitution, acute, and moderate multidimensional poverty. The MMPI also complements monetary measures with informative differences in poverty levels observed. The results demonstrate that a Moderate MPI is a desirable global poverty index, which is likely to illuminate thus far hidden aspects in of multidimensional poverty, such as intrahousehold deprivations in education. Challenges remain regarding data availability, and further study across additional countries is required before the MMPI structure can be finalised.
Distinct resting-state functional connectivity patterns of Anterior Insula affected by smoking in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Zeng Qingze , Li Kaicheng , Liu Xiaocao , Fu Yanv , Qiu Tiantian , Huang Peiyu , Luo Xiao , Liu Zhirong , Peng Guoping ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: May 2023

Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The insula plays a vital role in both smoking and cognition. However, the smoking effects on insula-related networks in cognitively normal controls (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients remain unknown. We identified 129 CN (85 non-smokers and 44 smokers) and 83 MCI (54 non-smokers and 29 smokers). Each underwent neuropsychological assessment and MRI (structural and resting-state functional). Seed-based functional analyses in the anterior and posterior insula were performed to calculate the functional connectivity (FC) with voxels in the whole brain. Mixed-effect analyses were performed to explore the interactive effects on smoking and cognitive status. Associations between FC and neuropsychological scales were assessed. Mixed-effect analyses revealed the FC differences between the right anterior insula (RAI) with the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) and that with the right inferior parietal lobule (RIPL) (p < 0.01, cluster level < 0.05, two-tailed, gaussian random field correction). The FC of RAI in both LMTG and RIPL sees a significant decrease in MCI smokers (p < 0.01). Smoking affects insula FC differently between MCI and CN, and could decrease the insula FC in MCI patients. Our study provides evidence of neural mechanisms between smoking and AD.
Sweetpotato storage root formation as affected by soil organic amendment applications
Authors: Dong Hong Tham , Li Yujuan , Brown Philip , Xu Cheng-Yuan
Published: May 2023

Organic amendments have been utilised as a source of nutrients to improve the growth and yield of many crops, including sweetpotato. However, none of the studies examined the relationship between organic amendments and the initiation of sweetpotato storage roots (SRs). A study was conducted in sweetpotato Orleans cultivar to investigate anatomical changes to roots during storage root formation aiming to elicit if organic amendment affects SR formation by changing soil available nitrogen (N) concentration. Two locally available organic amendments including poultry manure (PM) and sugarcane trash (SCT), were used in this experiment at different rates. Six treatments were included in the study: unamended soil (control), unamended soil with chemical fertiliser, PM 22 Mg/ha, PM 66 Mg/ha, SCT 10 Mg/ha and SCT 30 Mg/ha. Compared with unamended control, SCT application at both rates, 10 or 30 Mg ha−1, significantly promoted the formation of SRs and reduced root lignification, while PM amendment from 22 to 66 Mg ha−1 significantly inhibited SR initiation and enhanced the formation of lignified roots, which appear to be associated to high soil available N caused by PM addition. During the SR initiation, all amended treatments increased N accumulation in plants compared to the control. These results indicated that excessive soil available N introduced by PM amendment could inhibit the formation of SR of sweetpotato. Thus, when applying a lower rate of PM to sweetpotato, and planting should be delayed from 2 to 3 weeks after amending to avoid the detrimental effect on SR initiation. Excessively high rates of PM soil amendment (66 Mg ha−1) should be avoided. A suitable rate of SCT may be applied (~ 10 Mg ha−1 in this study) to promote SR formation of sweetpotato in soil with adequate available N level, but high rates could lead to immobilisation of N and suppress crop growth.
The utility of cemented femoral stems in modern THA: a 10-year comparative analysis of the Charnley and Exeter stems
Authors: White-Gibson Ailbhe , Sheridan Gerard Anthony , Ghetti Adrian Cassar , Keogh Peter , Kenny Paddy , Cashman James Patrick
Published: May 2023

Background

Total hip replacement (THR) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. The controversy surrounding the relative merits of a cemented composite beam or cemented taper-slip stem in total hip replacement continues. Our aims primarily were to assess the 10-year outcomes of cemented stems using Charnley and Exeter prostheses with regional registry data and secondarily to assess the main predictors of revision.

Methods

We prospectively collected registry data for procedures performed between January 2005 and June 2008. Only cemented Charnley and Exeter stems were included. Patients were prospectively reviewed at 6 months, 2, 5 and 10 years. The primary outcome measure was a 10-year all-cause revision. Secondary outcomes included ‘re-revision’, ‘mortality’ and functional ‘Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index’ (WOMAC) scores.

Results

We recorded a total of 1351 cases in the cohort, 395 Exeter and 956 Charnley stems. The overall all-cause revision rate at 10 years was 1.6%. The revision rate for Charnley stem was 1.4% and 2.3% revision rate for all Exeter stems with no significant difference noted between the two cohorts (p = 0.24). The overall time to revision was 38.3 months. WOMAC scores at 10 years were found to be insignificantly higher for Charnley stems (mean 23.8, σ = 20.11) compared to Exeter stems (mean 19.78, σ = 20.72) (p = 0.1).

Conclusion

There is no significant difference between cemented Charnley and Exeter stems; they both perform well above the international average. The decline in the use of cemented THA is not fully supported by this regional registry data.
Anatomical considerations for reducing ocular emergencies during spaceflight
Authors: Waisberg Ethan , Ong Joshua , Masalkhi Mouayad , Lee Andrew G. , Berdahl John
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The privatization of space travel is opening civilian spaceflight to an unprecedented number of individuals now and in the immediate future. The increase in the number and diversity of space travelers will mean increased exposure to both physiologic and pathologic changes observed during acute and prolonged microgravity.

Aims

In this paper, we describe the anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic factors to consider that impact acute angle-closure glaucoma risk during spaceflight.

Conclusions

Based on these factors, we elaborate upon areas of medical considerations and provide future recommendations that may aid in reducing the risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma in the next era of spaceflight.
EIF4A3-Induced Exosomal circLRRC8A Alleviates Granulosa Cells Senescence Via the miR-125a-3p/NFE2L1 axis
Authors: Xing Jie , Zhang Mengxue , Zhao Shijie , Lu Mingjun , Lin Li , Chen Lu , Gao Wujiang , Li Wenxin , Shang Junyu , Zhou Jiamin , Zhu Xiaolan
Published: May 2023

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is an important cause of female infertility and seriously impacts the physical and psychological health of patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exos) have an essential role in the treatment of reproductive disorders, particularly POF. However, the biological function and therapeutic mechanism of MSCs exosomal circRNAs in POF remain to be determined. Here, with bioinformatics analysis and functional assays, circLRRC8A was found to be downregulated in senescent granulosa cells (GCs) and acted as a crucial factor in MSCs-Exos for oxidative damage protection and anti-senescence of GCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circLRRC8A served as an endogenous miR-125a-3p sponge to downregulate NFE2L1 expression. Moreover, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3), acting as a pre-mRNA splicing factor, promoted circLRRC8A cyclization and expression by directly binding to the LRRC8A mRNA transcript. Notably, EIF4A3 silencing reduced circLRRC8A expression and attenuated the therapeutic effect of MSCs-Exos on oxidatively damaged GCs. This study demonstrates a new therapeutic pathway for cellular senescence protection against oxidative damage by delivering circLRRC8A-enriched exosomes through the circLRRC8A/miR-125a-3p/NFE2L1 axis and paves the way for the establishment of a cell-free therapeutic approach for POF. CircLRRC8A may be a promising circulating biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and an exceptional candidate for further therapeutic exploration.

Graphical Abstract
Cheiloscopy in sex estimation: a systematic review
Authors: Chaves Tânia , Azevedo Álvaro , Caldas Inês Morais
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter.
Response times in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA): shedding light on the response process with a drift diffusion model
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Hernandez Raymond , Junghaenel Doerte U. , Orriens Bart , Lee Pey-Jiuan , Stone Arthur A.
Published: May 2023

Mental processes underlying people’s responses to Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have rarely been studied. In cognitive psychology, one of the most popular and successful mental process models is the drift diffusion model. It decomposes response time (RT) data to distinguish how fast information is accessed and processed (“drift rate”), and how much information is accessed and processed (“boundary separation”). We examined whether the drift diffusion model could be successfully applied to people’s RTs for EMA questions and could shed light on between- and within-person variation in the mental process components underlying momentary reports. We analyzed EMA data (up to 6 momentary surveys/day for one week) from 954 participants in the Understanding America Study (29,067 completed measurement occasions). An item-response-theory diffusion model was applied to RTs associated with 5 momentary negative affect ratings. As hypothesized, both diffusion model parameters showed moderate stability across EMA measurement occasions. Drift rate and boundary separation together explained a majority of the variance in the observed RTs and demonstrated correspondence across different sets of EMA items, both within and between individuals. The parameters related in theoretically expected ways to within-person changes in activities (momentary work and recreation) and person-level characteristics (neuroticism and depression). Drift rate increased and boundary separation decreased over the study, suggesting that practice effects in EMA consist of multiple distinctive cognitive processes. The results support the reliability and validity of the diffusion model parameters derived from EMA and provide initial evidence that the model may enhance understanding of process underlying EMA affect ratings.
Investigating Complex Geometrical Features in LPBF-Produced Parts: A Material-Based Comparison Between Different Titanium Alloys
Authors: Carrozza A. , Bircher B. A. , Aversa A. , Biamino S.
Published: May 2023

The Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) alloy is a well-established material to be processed via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Recently, other α + β titanium alloys are receiving attention, such as Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–6Mo (Ti6246). Their typical industrial fields of application (aerospace, automotive), often require critical design choices, such as low wall thicknesses and hollow channels. Thus, a comparative analysis between these two competitor alloys in terms of processability was conducted in this work. To do so, specific sample designs were developed. The specimens were analyzed in terms of geometrical compliance with the initial design, porosity, and microstructure. A correlation between the width of the specimens and their porosity, microstructure and hardness was found. Overall, both the alloys proved to be well processable, even for very low wall thickness (300 μm) and channel diameter (1 mm) values. Nevertheless, the Ti6246 alloy seemed to behave better in specific scenarios. For instance, some Ti64 specimens provided delamination. The hollow channels proved to be challenging for both materials, mainly due to the high amount of residual powder particles adhered to the upper part of the holes. This works aims at giving a materials perspective on process-related issues, considering the LPBF-induced defectology and microstructural variations in these Ti alloys.

Graphical Abstract
Automatic detection of health misinformation: a systematic review
Authors: Schlicht Ipek Baris , Fernandez Eugenia , Chulvi Berta , Rosso Paolo
Published: May 2023

The spread of health misinformation has the potential to cause serious harm to public health, from leading to vaccine hesitancy to adoption of unproven disease treatments. In addition, it could have other effects on society such as an increase in hate speech towards ethnic groups or medical experts. To counteract the sheer amount of misinformation, there is a need to use automatic detection methods. In this paper we conduct a systematic review of the computer science literature exploring text mining techniques and machine learning methods to detect health misinformation. To organize the reviewed papers, we propose a taxonomy, examine publicly available datasets, and conduct a content-based analysis to investigate analogies and differences among Covid-19 datasets and datasets related to other health domains. Finally, we describe open challenges and conclude with future directions.
Targeting XPO6 inhibits prostate cancer progression and enhances the suppressive efficacy of docetaxel
Authors: Wang Huming , Teng Xiangyu , Lin Yuan , Jiang Chao , Chen Xin , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2023

Background

Although XPO6, one of the Exportin family members, functions in malignant progression of certain types of cancer, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the oncogenic effect and clarified the downstream mechanism of XPO6 in PCa cells.

Methods

We detected the expression level of XPO6 in PCa tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and XPO6 level based on TCGA database. The effects of XPO6 in the proliferation and migration or resistance to docetaxel (DTX) in PCa cells were assessed using CCK8, colony formation, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Mice experiments were performed to investigate the role of XPO6 in tumor progression and DTX effect in vivo. Further, functional analysis of DEGs revealed the correlation of XPO6 with Hippo pathway and XPO6 could promote the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP1 protein. Furthermore, blocking Hippo pathway with YAP1 inhibitor leads to the loss of XPO6-mediated regulation of biological functions.

Results

XPO6 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa. Functional experiments indicated that XPO6 could promote tumor development and DTX resistance in PCa. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that XPO6 could regulate Hippo pathway via mediating YAP1 protein expression and nuclear translocation thereby promoting PCa progression and chemotherapeutic resistance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our research reveals that XPO6 potentially function as an oncogene and promotes DTX resistance of PCa, suggesting that XPO6 could be both a potential prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target to effectively overcome DTX resistance.
Water disinfection using durable ceramic filter coated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using actinomycetes
Authors: Wafy Karam Rabee , El-Aswar Eslam Ibrahim , Mohamed Walaa Salah El-din , El-Sabbagh Sabha Mahmoud
Published: May 2023

Contamination with pathogens degrades water quality and is a major cause of many waterborne diseases. The aim of this research is to reduce the global disease burden by presenting an efficient, durable, and low-cost ceramic filter impregnated with actinomycetes-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for water disinfection in rural areas. This marks the first report on the simultaneous biosynthesis of AgNPs utilizing cell-free supernatants obtained from terrestrial actinomycetes. An easy and efficient method was used to impregnate AgNPs onto a ceramic filter using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The APTES linker is anchored to the ceramic surface through Si–O–Si bridges, while the terminal amino groups coordinate with AgNPs. Notably, the observed inhibition zone around the filter with AgNPs was ~ 18 mm, suggesting that the silver ions were responsible for the antibacterial activity. After 30 min of sonication, only insignificant traces of AgNPs were released from the filter, making it stable for long-term antibacterial activity when treating water. According to the laboratory simulation experiments, the untreated filter can reject about 99% of spiked bacteria, while the antibacterial efficiency of the filter coated with AgNPs was 100% due to the synergistic effect between filtration and disinfection with AgNPs. In addition, the average concentration of dissolved silver in the outlet water of the ultrafiltration system during three months was 33.7 μg/L, far below the permissible limit (100 μg/L) for drinking water. Overall, this work offers a suitable and affordable water treatment strategy for low-income, isolated, and rural societies in developing countries.
Comparison of classic time series and artificial intelligence models, various Holt-Winters hybrid models in predicting the monthly flow discharge in Marun dam reservoir
Authors: Ahmadpour Abbas , Haghighat Jou Parviz , Mirhashemi Seyed Hassan
Published: May 2023

In this study, the data at Idenak hydrometric station were used to predict the inflow to Maroun Dam reservoir. For this purpose, different models such as artificial intelligence, Holt-Winters and hybrid models were used. Partial mutual information algorithm was used to determine the input parameters affecting modeling the monthly inflow by artificial intelligence models. According to the Hempel and Akaike information criterion, we introduced the monthly inflow with a 3-month lag, and the temperature with a 1-month lag, with respect to the lowest values of Akaike and the highest values of Hempel as input parameters of artificial intelligence models. The results showed the weak performance of the Holt-Winters model compared to other models and confirmed the superiority of the Holt-adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) hybrid model with the root-mean-square error of 54 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.83 in the testing process compared to other mentioned models. In addition, the above hybrid models performed better than other models in the test process.
Condensation distribution and evolution characteristics of water vapor in annulus of flexible riser
Authors: Mao Gangtao , Zhao Bingliang , Wang Kai
Published: May 2023

Water vapor penetrating an annulus causes condensation and corrosion and endangers the safe operation of the flexible riser. However, in current studies, the condensation of water vapor in the annulus is modeled based on the film condensation hypothesis, which assumes that the metal material is uniformly corroded. This assumption differs from the true corrosion incidents, which are usually initiated by localized corrosion. To further study the condensation law of water vapor in a flexible riser annulus, the evolution of water vapor condensation on the wall surface of a sapphire reactor was evaluated using an annular condensation experimental device. A water vapor condensation growth model was established to analyze the condensation law and its influencing factors. The results show that the maximum radius of condensate droplets on the annular wall surface is approximately 0.48 cm, the average radius of droplets is approximately 0.35 cm, and the volume of condensate that can be accommodated in the 18 × 18 mm simulation area is approximately 0.5 cm3. After the droplet reaches the departure radius and falls off a surface, the time of recondensation is faster than that of the first condensation. The condensation surface coverage increases rapidly in the early stage and then gradually slows down. After stabilization, the maximum coverage can reach 80%. Parameter analysis suggests that the number of fixed nucleation points on the condensation wall affects the time to reach the departure radius and the increasing rate of surface coverage. However, the number of fixed nucleation points has minimal influence on the departure radius and coverage outcomes. The findings of this study establish a theoretical foundation for predicting dropwise condensation behaviors in annulus of pipelines and developing corrosion protection strategies that modify the wall contact angle or structure.
Neuroendocrine response to diclofenac in healthy subjects: a pilot study
Authors: Varaldo E. , Sibilla M. , Bioletto F. , Cuboni D. , Prencipe N. , Bona C. , Ferrari M. , Viglino F. , Aversa L. S. , Grottoli S. , Ghigo E. , Gasco V. , Berton A. M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The precise effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the neuroendocrine hydro-electrolytic regulation are not precisely understood. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate, in healthy subjects, the neuroendocrine response of the antidiuretic system to intravenous diclofenac infusion.

Methods

For this single-blinded, cross-over study, we recruited 12 healthy subjects (50% women). Test sessions were divided into three observation times (pre-test; test; 48 h post-test), which were repeated equally on two different occasions, with the administration of diclofenac (75 mg in saline solution 0.9% 100 cc) on 1 day, or placebo (saline solution 0.9% 100 cc) on another day. The night before the test the subjects were asked to collect a salivary cortisol and cortisone sample, which was repeated on the night of the procedure session. Serial urine and blood samples were collected on the test day (for osmolality, electrolytes, ACTH, cortisol, copeptin, MR-proADM, MR-proANP; the last three represent more stable and analytically reliable molecules than their respective active peptides). Moreover, the subjects were evaluated with the bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) before and after the test. Forty-eight hours after the end of the procedure urine sodium, urine potassium, urine osmolality, serum sodium and copeptin were revaluated together with BIVA.

Results

No significant changes in circulating hormone levels were observed; anyway, 48 h after diclofenac, BIVA showed a significant water retention (p < 0.00001), especially in extracellular fluid (ECF) (16.47 ± 1.65 vs 15.67 ± 1.84, p < 0.001). Salivary cortisol and cortisone tended to increase only the night after placebo administration (p = 0.054 cortisol; p = 0.021 cortisone).

Conclusion

Diclofenac resulted in an increased ECF at 48 h, but this phenomenon seems to be associated with a greater renal sensibility to the action of vasopressin rather than with an increase in its secretion. Moreover, a partial inhibitory effect on cortisol secretion can be hypothesized.
Quantifying the Soil Water Storage Capacity of Flysh Catchments Surrounded by Mixed Forests in Outer Carpathians
Authors: Halecki Wiktor , Łyszczarz Stanisław , Lasota Jarosław , Błońska Ewa , Chattopadhyay Somsubhra
Published: May 2023

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the retention capacity of catchments situated in the Beskid Wyspowy region of southern Poland. To accomplish this, we employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+), a newly developed hydrological model. The large heterogeneity of the catchment area and the limitations of measurement techniques necessitated the use of hydrological models. The study found that forested and pasture areas had higher soil water retention potential than agricultural areas. Furthermore, surface runoff of both catchments correlated negatively with soil water retention potential and evapotranspiration, however, positively with mean annual precipitation. Soil moisture was directly related to mean annual precipitation and electrical conductivity. The research also advocates incorporating the Landscape Hydric Potential (LHP) index into existing hydrologic models, in line with the physical-based SWAT+. Future watershed models based on water balance should be developed to increase resilience to climate change manifestations in the flysh Carpathian Mountains.
Phylogenetic diversity of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis isolates causing bacterial canker of tomato in Greece
Authors: Malliarakis Dimitris , Pagoulatou Marianthi G. , Mpalantinaki Evaggelia , Trantas Emmanouil , Ververidis Filippos , Goumas Dimitrios E.
Published: May 2023

Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) (Li et al. 2018), is a common destructive disease worldwide. The bacterium colonizes plant’s vascular system causing characteristic symptoms such as wilting, cankers, brown and black discoloration of vessels, white spots on the fruit and leaves. In the present work, isolates were collected from infected tomato plants of 11 Greek Prefectures during the years 2003-2018, and the genetic variability was investigated. After initial identification, 93 selected Cmm strains were subjected to phylogenetic analyses based on the sequencing of multiple loci (Multi-Locus Sequencing Analysis, MLSA) utilizing four housekeeping genes (atpD, ppk, kdpA and sdhA). MLSA highlighted 4.1% variability in nucleotide sequences and classified the 93 Cmm strains into 38 haplotypes. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic grouping of the strains was not in accordance with the geographical distribution, a fact that probably advocates the introduction of the disease from infected propagating material. However, strains isolated from the same area in a different year were placed in the same group which means that the pathogen can remain active between growing seasons. The study provides important epidemiological information on the disease outbreaks and the spread of Cmm in Greece.
A new load bearing capacity assessment method of the road pavement based on surface strain and the spectrum of the acceleration
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Zhang Xianmin
Published: May 2023

Based on the coupling res model of vehicular and road, the influences of surface layer modulus, surface layer thickness and equivalent modulus of elasticity on the spectrum of the acceleration, surface deflection under wheels, and surface strain at the distance of 0.4 m to 0.8 m away from wheels are analyzed. Results show that the fundamental frequency of the road pavement increases with the growth of surface layer modulus and equivalent modulus of elasticity, and decreases with the increase of surface layer thickness. Both surface deflections and surface strains decrease with the increase of equivalent modulus of elasticity as well as surface layer modulus and thickness. Moreover, when the equivalent modulus of elasticity is more than 2500 MPa and surface layer modulus is more than 4000 MPa, surface deflections and surface strains have a little variation with the enhance of the surface layer modulus and equivalent modulus of elasticity. The solution method of the spectrum of the acceleration and equivalent modulus of elasticity, surface deflection under wheels, surface strain at the distance of 0.4 m to 0.8 m away from wheels, and surface deflection based on surface strain are established. The load bearing capacity assessment method of the road pavement based on surface strain and the spectrum of the acceleration is provided. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of this method is verified by comparing measured values in field testing. The method in this paper provides a theoretical support for the design, construction and maintenance of road engineering.
Defining Clinical Trial Estimands: A Practical Guide for Study Teams with Examples Based on a Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Polverejan Elena , O’Kelly Michael , Hefting Nanco , Norton Jonathan D. , Lim Pilar , Walton Marc K.
Published: May 2023

While the ICH E9(R1) Addendum on “Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials” was released in late 2019, the widespread implementation of defining and reporting estimands across clinical trials is still in progress and the engagement of non-statistical functions in this process is also in progress. Case studies are sought after, especially those with documented clinical and regulatory feedback. This paper describes an interdisciplinary process for implementing the estimand framework, devised by the Estimands and Missing Data Working Group (a group with clinical, statistical, and regulatory representation) of the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology. This process is illustrated by specific examples using various types of hypothetical trials evaluating a treatment for major depressive disorder. Each of the estimand examples follows the same template and features all steps of the proposed process, including identifying the trial stakeholder(s), the decisions they need to make about the investigated treatment in their specific role and the questions that would support their decision making. Each of the five strategies for handling intercurrent events are addressed in at least one example; the featured endpoints are also diverse, including continuous, binary and time to event. Several examples are presented that include specifications for a potential trial design, key trial implementation elements needed to address the estimand, and main and sensitivity estimator specifications. Ultimately this paper highlights the need to incorporate multi-disciplinary collaborations into implementing the ICH E9(R1) framework.
Do the benefits of Opzelura (Ruxolitinib) outweigh the potential risks? An insight into the FDA-approved treatment for non-segmental vitiligo (NSV)
Authors: Iqbal Amna , Salman Madiha
Published: May 2023

Recently, Ruxolitinib (Opzelura) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first treatment for non-segmental vitiligo, which results in chalky white macules with clear edges due to an autoimmune disorder. The mode of action of this cream is JAK inhibition which progressively enhances the growth of new, healthy skin cells, and eventually, repigmentation occurs in the affected area. Indeed, this medication represents significance in the field of dermatology as almost 3/4th % of facial vitiligo was resolved but the high cost will be a hindrance in facilitating the patients and should be subsidized. Moreover, prescribers and pharmacists should be aware of the black box warnings issued by FDA as severe caution is indicated. More clinical trials should be conducted to know the safety of children under 12 years of age.

Highlights
Proton Plasma Asymmetries Between Venus' Quasi‐Perpendicular and Quasi‐Parallel Magnetosheaths
Authors: Rojas Mata Sebastián , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella , Futaana Yoshifumi , Zhang Tielong
Published: May 2023

Proton plasma asymmetries between the hemispheres of Venus' dayside magnetosheath lying downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular (q⊥) and quasi‐parallel (q‖) sides of the bow shock are characterized using measurements taken by a mass‐energy spectrometer. This characterization enables comparison to analogous Earth studies, thereby providing insight as to which plasma phenomena, such as turbulent particle heating, contribute in creating the observed plasma asymmetries in planetary magnetosheaths. A database of dayside bow‐shock crossings along with magnetosheath proton densities, bulk speeds, temperatures, and magnetic‐field strengths is manually constructed by selecting measurements taken during stable solar‐wind conditions. Ratios of these magnetosheath proton parameters are calculated as functions of distance from the central meridian and the upstream Alfvén Mach number to quantify the q⊥/‖ asymmetries. The density and bulk‐speed exhibit q‖‐favored asymmetries, mirroring those observed at Earth, whereas the magnetic‐field strength reveals no significant asymmetry despite expectations based on simulations. The temperatures perpendicular (T⊥) and parallel (T‖) to the background magnetic field have q⊥‐favored asymmetries while the temperature anisotropy T⊥/T‖ exhibits a q‖‐favored asymmetry. This trend is opposite to that seen at Earth, suggesting that the different spatial scales of the two planets' magnetosheaths may affect the impact of turbulent processes on global plasma properties.
East‐West Variabilities of N2 Fixation Activity in the Subtropical North Pacific Ocean in Summer: Potential Field Evidence of the Phosphorus and Iron Co‐Limitation in the Western Area
Authors: Horii S. , Takahashi K. , Shiozaki T. , Takeda S. , Sato M. , Yamaguchi T. , Takino S. , Hashihama F. , Kondo Y. , Takemura T. , Furuya K.
Published: May 2023

In the subtropical North Pacific, the east‐west gradient of iron deposition as atmospheric Asian dust strongly affects the zonal distribution of biological N2 fixation activity in numerical models, but the in‐situ relationship at a basin‐scale is not well examined. We examined the trans‐Pacific zonal variation in N2 fixation activity on 23°N in summer along with environmental parameters that potentially influence diazotrophy. Dissolved inorganic iron (DFe) was consistently low (<0.4 nM) throughout the transect. The atmospheric dust iron (dust‐Fe) flux increased westward, whereas phosphate and labile phosphoric monoesters in the surface decreased westward. N2 fixation varied between 34.6 and 298 μmol‐N m−2 d−1 and was high (>200 μmol‐N m−2 d−1) in the central area (150–180°W). N2 fixation rates significantly increased with dust‐Fe input only in the western area (137–180°E), whereas the contribution of DFe diffused from below the euphotic zone was often larger in the eastern area (120–170°W). N2 fixation was considerably low in the phosphate‐depleted western area despite the excess amount of iron relative to phosphate, and it increased with the labile phosphoric monoesters stock. These indicated that N2 fixation was primarily limited by phosphorus in the western area, though this activity also increased with iron supply from dust, likely due to phosphorus‐iron co‐limitation. In contrast, in the phosphorus‐repleted eastern area, iron supplied from dust and below the euphotic zone appeared to limit N2 fixation. Overall, N2 fixation in the subtropical North Pacific was likely limited by zonally different factors relating to iron and phosphorus availability.
Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling
Authors: Jafarzadegan Keighobad , Moradkhani Hamid , Pappenberger Florian , Moftakhari Hamed , Bates Paul , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Marsooli Reza , Ferreira Celso , Cloke Hannah L. , Ogden Fred , Duan Qingyun
Published: May 2023

Over the past decades, the scientific community has made significant efforts to simulate flooding conditions using a variety of complex physically based models. Despite all advances, these models still fall short in accuracy and reliability and are often considered computationally intensive to be fully operational. This could be attributed to insufficient comprehension of the causative mechanisms of flood processes, assumptions in model development and inadequate consideration of uncertainties. We suggest adopting an approach that accounts for the influence of human activities, soil saturation, snow processes, topography, river morphology, and land‐use type to enhance our understanding of flood generating mechanisms. We also recommend a transition to the development of innovative earth system modeling frameworks where the interaction among all components of the earth system are simultaneously modeled. Additionally, more nonselective and rigorous studies should be conducted to provide a detailed comparison of physical models and simplified methods for flood inundation mapping. Linking process‐based models with data‐driven/statistical methods offers a variety of opportunities that are yet to be explored and conveyed to researchers and emergency managers. The main contribution of this paper is to notify scientists and practitioners of the latest developments in flood characterization and modeling, identify challenges in understanding flood processes, associated uncertainties and risks in coupled hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling for forecasting and inundation mapping, and the potential use of state‐of‐the‐art data assimilation and machine learning to tackle the complexities involved in transitioning such developments to operation.
Processing and Validation of FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 GLONASS Total Electron Content Observations
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Zakharenkova I. , Braun J. J. , Cherniak I. , Hunt D. , Schreiner W. S. , Straus P. R. , Valant‐Weiss B. L. , Vanhove T. , Weiss J. , Wu Q.
Published: May 2023

The Formosa Satellite‐7/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2, F7/C2) Tri‐GNSS Radio Occultation System observes both Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLObalnaya NAvigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) slant total electron content (TEC). Space‐based TEC observations have historically relied on GPS signals, and the processing methodologies and data quality of GLONASS absolute TEC observations are thus less well established. We present a description of the differences in the processing for the F7/C2 GLONASS absolute TEC observations. This primarily entails estimation of a paired receiver‐transmitter differential code bias, which is needed due to the GLONASS usage of frequency‐division multiple access. We additionally perform a validation of the F7/C2 GLONASS absolute TEC observations through comparison with colocated F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC observations. Based on this comparison, we estimate the GLONASS absolute TEC error to be ∼2.6 TEC units (TECU), which is similar to previous estimates of the F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC error (∼2.5 TECU). This demonstrates that the F7/C2 GLONASS absolute TEC observations are generally similar in quality to the F7/C2 GPS absolute TEC observations, and are suitable for use by the operational and scientific communities.
The Unequal Benefits of California’s Electric Vehicle Transition
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: May 2023

An uptick in clean vehicles has improved air quality in wealthier communities over marginalized communities in California, a new study finds.