bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOLONIALISME DALAM PUSARAN KONFLIK PEMBAHARUAN ISLAM: Menelususri Keterlibatan dan Peran Belanda dalam Keberlangsungan Konflik yang Terjadi di Minangkabau
Authors: Sanusi Ihsan
Published: August 2022

At the beginning of the conflict in the Minangkabau realm, only fellow brothers and sisters (brother conflict), fellow community members. However, this was widespread, and subsequently changed significantly with the interference of foreign powers. Foreign interference itself, basically it cannot be separated from the demands of the adat (traditional leaders or the leaders). How to explain and understand all this? Of course it's not too difficult to understand. Because, in fact with the increasing Paderi movement, many traditional leaders were eliminated, then expelled or even ran away, because they did not want to be victims of Paderi's radicaslism. Between those who fled, there were those who sought relations with foreigners, first with Raffles in Bengkulu, then also when Britain was entrenched in Padang. Next, with Du Puy in Padang when the Dutch returned to West Sumatra. The conflict of the rise of Islam in Minangkabau became increasingly complex with the influx of foreign influences - especially the Dutch, who wanted to instill power in Minangkabau. Dutch power, has become a kind of third party that plays a role in the continuation of the conflict of renewal of Minangkabau Islam. The facts above are also strengthened by various proofs of the involvement and role of the Dutch in the war against the Padrians. In addition, there was a testimony from the Dutch people themselves, who had served in the Minangkabau.
BOOK REVIEW SEJARAH YAHUDI & ANTI-YAHUDI DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Arsa Dedi
Published: August 2022

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TINJAUAN HISTORIOGRAFI BUKU PEMERINTAH DARURAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA (PDRI) KARYA MESTIKA ZED
Authors: Erasiah Erasiah
Published: August 2022

The purpose of research to explore the socialcultural and intellectual background of Mestika Zed, to examine the background and objectives of Mestika Zed, analyzes the reconstruction of the PDRI book. The method used in this research is the method of historical research with the heuristic steps of source collection, sourse criticism, interpretation, and writing. The results show that socially and intellectually it is possible Mestika Zed explores information about PDRI because PDRI event occurs in his cultural environment and supported by his intellectual background as a historically-educated historian while writing PDRI is that PDRI’s role is not diverted to interpret its history by anyone, the PDRI is only a point because the textbook for school children agrees or agree Dutch view or history Dutch used to brainwash Indonesian, explaining how mistaken the Dutch looked at Indonesia at that time, explaining the history of PDRI era struggle to open a new field of struggle from city to rural or guerilla. Mestika Zed had a big hand for PDRI’s history that was virtually uncouthed at all. Method used is the historical method that is generally accepted in historical research. The theory or analysis that he used is nationalism with structural and procedural approach.
Karakteristik Pasien dan Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Covid-19 Derajat Sedang Hingga Berat
Authors: Maharianingsih Ni Made , Sudirta I Ketut , Suryaningsih Ni Putu Aryati
Published: August 2022

The development of cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in the province Bali to increase until it ranks 10 th in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the characteristics of patients and the description of drug use for COVID-19 patients at Karangasem Hospital Bali for the period April 2020-Aril 2021. This study used a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional design through a retrospective data search. The number of respondents as a sample was 200 patients with purposive sampling technique. The data collected is in the form of secondary data, which comes from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Karangasem Hospital. The results of the study showed that the most COVID-19 patients in Karangasem RSUD were from adults as many as 109 people (54.5%). Clinical symptoms experienced by all patients were fever with body temperature 38°C for more than 3 days and headache (100%). Patients who had comorbid as many as 196 people (98%) with pneumonia being the highest comorbid as many as 102 people (51%). The length of hospitalization for patients is generally 0-7 days by 69% (138 people). The highest patient status experienced moderate degree of symptoms by 89% (178 people) and severe 11% (22 people). The most drugs given to patients was vitamin C intravenously by 71% (142 people), while antiviral drugs in the form of oseltamivir (tamiflu) became the least by 1% (2 people). The characteristics of moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients are dominated by male adult patients, have comorbidities (98%), clinical symptoms experienced by all patients are fever for more than 3 days and headache, with hospitalization for more than 3 days. The type of drug that is most often used is for antipyretic analgesics is paracetamol, the type of antibiotic is azithromycin, the type of antiviral is favipiravir, the type of corticosteroid is dexamethasone.
Formulation and Antibacterial Potential Activity Test of Antiseptic Transparent Soap Preparations Srikaya Leaf (Annona squamosa L.)
Authors: Dwidayati Ari , Asri Muhammad , Putri Adinda , Junita Nurfitria
Published: August 2022

Srikaya leaf (Annona squamosa L.) is a plant that contains several active compounds including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins which have antibacterial properties. Transparent antiseptic extract of srikaya leaf (Annona squamosa L.) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This research method is an experimental study with physical and chemical evaluation of the preparation as well as testing of antibacterial activity using the paper disc technique diffusion method at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, negative control and positive control. The results of the study at concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3% met the physical and chemical requirements as well as the antibacterial activity test with a concentration of 1% inhibition zone 15.6 mm (Strong), 2% inhibition zone 19.6 mm (Strong) and 3% zone of inhibition 21.2 mm (Very strong). It was concluded that for a concentration of 3% with an inhibition zone diameter of 21.2 mm (Very strong) the most effective.
TEACHING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN ONLINE LEARNING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS GORONTALO CITY INDONESIA
Authors: Yasin Herlina , Baruadi Moh. Karmin , Hasanuddin  , Umar Fatmah
Published: August 2022

The objectives of the research are to find out (1) how the teachers plan online learning in Indonesian language, (2) how the teachers implement online learning of Indonesian language, and how the teachers assess students’ achievement in Indonesian language for senior high school students at Gorontalo City. The research used qualitative approach with case study. The informant were teacher and students. Data were collected by using observation, interview, and documents, and data were analyzed qualitatively. The research findings indicated that (1) teachers have done planning for online learning of Indonesian language according to syllabus and lesson plan of Indonesian language at students of senior high schools, (2) the teachers used online learning application when they taught Indonesian language, and (3) the teachers gave assessment to students in order to evaluate the students’ learning achievement of Indonesian language. Therefore, online learning of Indonesian language has been done by teachers by applying zoom cloud meeting, google classroom, google form, and WhatsApp for communication.
A tutorial on using the paired t test for power calculations in repeated measures ANOVA with interactions
Authors: Langenberg Benedikt , Janczyk Markus , Koob Valentin , Kliegl Reinhold , Mayer Axel
Published: August 2022

The a priori calculation of statistical power has become common practice in behavioral and social sciences to calculate the necessary sample size for detecting an expected effect size with a certain probability (i.e., power). In multi-factorial repeated measures ANOVA, these calculations can sometimes be cumbersome, especially for higher-order interactions. For designs that only involve factors with two levels each, the paired t test can be used for power calculations, but some pitfalls need to be avoided. In this tutorial, we provide practical advice on how to express main and interaction effects in repeated measures ANOVA as single difference variables. In particular, we demonstrate how to calculate the effect size Cohen’s d of this difference variable either based on means, variances, and covariances of conditions or by transforming $${\eta _{p}^{2}}$$

η

p

2

or $${\omega _{p}^{2}}$$

ω

p

2

from the ANOVA framework into d. With the effect size correctly specified, we then show how to use the t test for sample size considerations by means of an empirical example. The relevant R code is provided in an online repository for all example calculations covered in this article.
Academic Writing Difficulties Encountered by University EFL Learners
Authors: Aldabbus Shaban , Almansouri EnNaji
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted with the aim to discover the major difficulties encountered by some university students in academic writing. It also aimed to find out the factors that hinder their academic writing skills. 36 students majoring in English at the Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi took part in this study. A questionnaire with 25 items was utilized to answer the stated research questions. The data analysis revealed that both graduate and undergraduate students have some problems in academic writing such as choosing the appropriate academic words, difficulty in developing a thesis statement, organizing ideas, and writing coherent paragraphs. These challenges were influenced by a lack of resources followed by a low English language proficiency and a lack of writing practice opportunities. It is hoped that the findings of this research would provide great benefits to the instructors of the English language and curriculum designers to address the writing difficulties that might be encountered by learners of English.
EVALUATION OF DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar (Punjab), India, Jain Leena
Published: August 2022

The advancing world of digital multimedia communication is facing problems linked to security and authenticity of digital data. The data security term is described as protecting information or digital data against any attack that may be performed by utilizing different attacking technologies, methods and techniques. A watermark system is reported to be secure, if the hacker cannot take away the watermark without full knowledge of embedding algorithm, detector and composition of watermark. This paper has shown the survey on image watermarking and its various techniques. From the survey it has been concluded that none of the technique performs effectively in all fields. Keywords— CZT, DWT, Image Watermarking, Negative Selection Algorithm, SVD
AN OBSERVATION OF PREFERENCES ON BILINGUAL EDUCATION AMONG THE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
Authors:   SRM UNIVERSITY, INDIA, Umama Shaik , V Vennila ,   SRM UNIVERSITY, INDIA
Published: August 2022

Bilingual teaching is less probed compared to the need and importance of it to the students. Bilingual teaching receives both constructive and destructive comments over its existence. Bilingual education is one in which the students will be able to learn their subjects and gain knowledge with the help of their official language as well as their mother tongue. Bilingual teaching does not only focus the immigrants or the native speakers who have access to only one language but it is also done to those who wanted to master his/ her knowledge. The aim of bilingual teaching is to improvise the concentration levels of speaking, listening, reading and writing. Bilingual teaching is always considered as a challenge to do and it is especially useful for the students in India who speak different languages. The paper focuses on the preferences of the students who were inquired about their comfort in various levels of teaching in bilingual language. The study focuses on the concept of bilingual teaching and the students' preferences over it. Keywords: Bilingual education, preference, interest, effectiveness, understanding
Algorithm for Enhanced Columnar Transposition Technique
Authors:   Department of Computer Applications, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar (Punjab), India, Kaur, Amanpreet , Jain Leena ,   Department of Computer Applications, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar (Punjab), India, Madaan Aanchal ,   Department of Computer Applications, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar (Punjab), India
Published: August 2022

Cryptography is a field to solve the problems related to Information Security. There are numerous techniques like substitution and transposition methods to convert the real message into secret code which will be tough for intruder to understand .These techniques change the position or substitute intelligible message characters to produce the ciphertext which is more secure to transfer as compare to plaintext. Columnar Technique is also such technique which changes the position of plaintext message characters and produces the ciphertext. In this research paper, improved columnar technique is presented which will produce more randomness in the ciphertext generated to make it difficult for cryptanalyst to predict the plaintext from it. Keywords: Cryptography, Information Security, Rail Fence Technique, Transposition Techniques, Enhanced Algorithm
Plant Extract Loaded Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Rashmeera Siva Vijian  , Mostafa Yusefi  , Kamyar Shameli
Published: August 2022

The advancement of clinical medicine established exceptionally in today’s era is used to cure many infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the negative aftermath associated with synthetic drugs has caused many to turn their attention towards an alternative, which is natural plant-extract drugs. Plant-based drugs have a vast number of benefits and applications in the biomedical field and are further formulated with nanocomposite hydrogel, namely sodium alginate. Sodium alginate is a biopolymer that is water-soluble, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, therefore having a high demand in the medical field. The objective of this review is to highlight the nanotechnology development that is used in the medical field to enhance the therapeutic effects of naturally occurring drugs. This review will discuss the use of sodium alginate nanocomposite to create a nanohybrid drug loaded with plant extracts.
La nueva generación receptora de la identidad de pueblo
Authors: Villacis Zambrano Lilia Moncerrate , Jácome Villacrés Leyla Vanezza , Lemoine Quintero Frank Ángel , Zambrano Mero Javier Antonio
Published: August 2022

La investigación tuvo como propósito encontrar en la niñez de la región a los verdaderos depositarios de su identidad, sus esperanzas, luchas cotidianas y metas por alcanzar, el verdadero fortalecimiento de la identidad del pueblo, recurriendo a su caracterización y divulgación, para fortalecer la identidad en la niñez, juventud, para que ésta asuma su propia identidad. Es importante recoger los valores de la cultura y la concepción de vida del pueblo, hacer conciencia de ella. También es cierto que en la cultura tiene sus valores y antivalores. Por esta razón es preciso reforzar la cultura ancestral para que pueda darse un enriquecimiento mutuo y no una imposición o destrucción. Se aplicaron métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, como la encuesta, determina el nivel de conocimiento que poseen los habitantes, referente a su identidad y prácticas ancestrales y su aportación al turismo. En el método estadístico descriptivo, a partir del levantamiento de información utilizando SPSS 21 para medir el interés que poseen las personas por conocer los orígenes de las diferentes tradiciones y costumbres, la misma que fue una puerta abierta para promocionar las vivencia y expresiones culturales, bailes, costumbres desde los testimonios expresando sus recuerdos y conocimientos, tanto la historia montubia como las tradiciones culturales, familiares y saberes acumulados.
Determination of Anthropometric Measurements that may be Associated with Difficult Intubation in Children
Authors: KUTLUCAN Leyla , AYGÜN Hakan
Published: August 2022

Aim: Difficult tracheal intubation is a fundamental cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The frequency of difficult intubation is thought to be higher in the pediatric age group due to the different anatomical and physiological structures, and it may not be easy to detect this beforehand. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated before the elective operation and the relationship of some parameters with difficult intubation.

Material and Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 pediatric patients aged 2-14 who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. All patients’ age, gender, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI) records were recorded before the operation. Mallampati scoring, head and neck circumference, thyromental distance measurements, and head circumference/neck circumference ratio were performed. Cormack-Lehane (CL) scoring and endotracheal intubation were applied during direct laryngoscopy of the operated patients. Children with easy intubation (CL grade 1 and 2) group 1; children who underwent difficult intubation (CL grade 3 and 4) were defined as group 2.

Results: There was no significant relationship between Groups I and II in terms of age, height and weight values. There was no significant relationship between the two groups with BSA and thyromental distance measurements. Mallampati scores were found to be grades 3 and 4 (3.3%) in three of the 90 patients, and CL scores of 3 and 4 (4.4%) in four patients. A significant correlation was found between Mallampati scoring and CL scoring. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding head/neck ratios and BMI.

Conclusion: In our study, head circumference/neck circumference ratio and BMI were found to be helpful while predicting difficult intubation in children with normal physical characteristics, 2-14 years of age, who underwent elective surgery. Our findings can be supported by further studies that will be planned and include more patients.
Reflections on communication and leadership
Authors: Knappe Grant A.
Published: August 2022

Volume III of the MIT Science Policy Review comes at a time of fantastic and rapid technological advancements, and with prospects that this will impact our lives for the better. I reflect on my time in leadership in hopes of inspiring the future members of the Review to continue to press forward towards positively impacting our scientific institutions and society.
Dilemmas of Children Raised by Single Parents in the Kingdom of Eswatini
Authors: Mpofu Phumuzani , Tfwala Siphiwe  Hlobsile
Published: August 2022

Children raised by single parents face many challenges that can be social, psychological, cultural or economic, resulting in erratic behavior. This study explored the dilemmas of children raised by single parents in the Kingdom of Eswatini in Lubombo region. The study was undertaken in a transformative research paradigm, and the Participatory Action Learning Action Research (PALAR) design was used. This qualitative study employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to get views from single parents and children in single parenting, and the data were analysed through thematic analysis. A sample of six single parents and six children raised by single parents were selected from the Lubombo region using the purposive sampling technique. Informed by Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the findings of the study revealed that single parenting led to children feeling abandoned, rejected and unloved by the absent parent, which had social and psychological effects on the children. The study concluded that children raised by single parents face psychological, social, economic and cultural challenges. Most of them are fixated and need counselling. The study suggests, for Eswatini, that the Home Affairs Department, in partnership with relevant non-governmental organisations (NGOs) should make psychological counselling readily available for single parents and their children.
Buccal Mucosal Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Lavanya M Lithika , Iyer Pooja , J Mathangi , Vijayakumar Rajeev
Published: August 2022

Background: Intraoral metastasis of RCCs are unusual, especially when it comes to buccal mucosal metastases, which are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of metastatic RCC. The buccal mucosal metastatic lesion from RCC poses a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Due to their scarcity, there doesn’t exist any literature primarily concentrating on them.
Case Report: In this work, we describe the case of a 58-year-old man affected and operated on for renal cell cancer, brought to our care for the appearance of a buccal mucosal ulcer. Pathological analysis revealed a metastasis compatible with clear-cell carcinoma. Its renal origin was confirmed by immunohistochemical technique. The patient was evaluated and managed after post multidisciplinary tumor board discussion with palliative radiotherapy for local disease.
Conclusion: There should be no hurry in starting treatment for a buccal mucosal lesion, and it should be histopathologically evaluated keeping in mind a differential of metastasis from the distant primary. Multidisciplinary tumor board discussion plays an important role in such rare scenarios.
FACTORS AFFECTING ACCOUNTANCY GRADUATES’ READINESS FOR THE CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT LICENSURE EXAMINATION
Authors: G. Micabalo Kingie , C. Cruspero Jr Exequiel
Published: August 2022

The demand for CPAs is no doubt very welcome news to the profession. Nevertheless, while this is happening, there is a wide gap between the number of graduates and the number of takers in the CPA board examination. The investigation aimed determined the factors affecting BSA graduates’ Readiness for CPA Licensure Examination. The 63 alumni respondents participated in the study on a snowball inspecting strategy in information gathering. Frequency and simple percentage, weighted mean, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and One-way ANOVA were used to treat and interpret the data. The examination revealed that administrative support, personal factors, and motivational factors have contributed greatly to the graduates' decision to take the board exam. It was also revealed that the knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting of the graduates were affected greatly through the said factors. A significant relationship was identified between the factors in terms of financial aspects, academic performance, administrative support, personal factors, motivational factors, and the extent of contribution of these factors to the graduate's readiness for CPA licensure examination. The study concluded that several factors really affect the graduates’ decision to take the CPA licensures examination.
Whistler Waves as a Signature of Converging Magnetic Holes in Space Plasmas
Authors: Jiang Wence , Verscharen Daniel , Li Hui , Wang Chi , Klein Kristopher G.
Published: August 2022

Magnetic holes are plasma structures that trap a large number of particles in a magnetic field that is weaker than the field in its surroundings. The unprecedented high time-resolution observations by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission enable us to study the particle dynamics in magnetic holes in the Earth’s magnetosheath in great detail. We reveal the local generation mechanism of whistler waves by a combination of Landau-resonant and cyclotron-resonant wave–particle interactions of electrons in response to the large-scale evolution of a magnetic hole. As the magnetic hole converges, a pair of counter-streaming electron beams form near the hole’s center as a consequence of the combined action of betatron and Fermi effects. The beams trigger the generation of slightly oblique whistler waves. Our conceptual prediction is supported by a remarkable agreement between our observations and numerical predictions from the Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver. Our study shows that wave–particle interactions are fundamental to the evolution of magnetic holes in space and astrophysical plasmas.
The SOFIA FEEDBACK Legacy Survey Dynamics and Mass Ejection in the Bipolar H ii Region RCW 36
Authors: Bonne L. , Schneider N. , García P. , Bij A. , Broos P. , Fissel L. , Guesten R. , Jackson J. , Simon R. , Townsley L. , Zavagno A. , Aladro R. , Buchbender C. , Guevara C. , Higgins R. , Jacob A. M. , Kabanovic S. , Karim R. , Soam A. , Stutzki J. , Tiwari M. , Wyrowski F. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: August 2022

We present [C ii] 158 μm and [O i] 63 μm observations of the bipolar H ii region RCW 36 in the Vela C molecular cloud, obtained within the SOFIA legacy project FEEDBACK, which is complemented with APEX 12/13CO (3–2) and Chandra X-ray (0.5–7 keV) data. This shows that the molecular ring, forming the waist of the bipolar nebula, expands with a velocity of 1–1.9 km s−1. We also observe an increased line width in the ring, indicating that turbulence is driven by energy injection from the stellar feedback. The bipolar cavity hosts blueshifted expanding [C ii] shells at 5.2 ± 0.5 ± 0.5 km s−1 (statistical and systematic uncertainty), which indicates that expansion out of the dense gas happens nonuniformly and that the observed bipolar phase might be relatively short (∼0.2 Myr). The X-ray observations show diffuse emission that traces a hot plasma, created by stellar winds, in and around RCW 36. At least 50% of the stellar wind energy is missing in RCW 36. This is likely due to leakage that is clearing even larger cavities around the bipolar RCW 36 region. Lastly, the cavities host high-velocity wings in [C ii], which indicates relatively high mass ejection rates (∼5 × 10−4
M
⊙ yr−1). This could be driven by stellar winds and/or radiation but remains difficult to constrain. This local mass ejection, which can remove all mass within 1 pc of RCW 36 in 1–2 Myr, and the large-scale clearing of ambient gas in the Vela C cloud indicate that stellar feedback plays a significant role in suppressing the star formation efficiency.
Detection of Diffuse γ-Ray Emission toward a Massive Star-forming Region Hosting Wolf–Rayet Stars
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Hai-Ming , Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: August 2022

Isotopic and elemental abundances seen in Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) imply that ∼20% of the cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei are probably synthesized by massive Wolf–Rayet (W-R) stars. Massive star clusters hosting W-R- and OB-type stars have been proposed as potential GCR accelerators for decades, in particular via diffusive shock acceleration at wind termination shocks. Here we report the analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope data toward the direction of Masgomas-6a, a young massive star cluster candidate hosting two W-R stars. We detect an extended γ-ray source with a test statistic = 183 in the vicinity of Masgomas-6a, spatially coincident with two unassociated Fermi 4FGL sources. We also present the CO observational results of molecular clouds in this region, using the data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting project. The γ-ray emission intensity correlates well with the distribution of molecular gas at the distance of Masgomas-6a, indicating that these γ-rays may be produced by CRs accelerated by massive stars in Masgomas-6a. At the distance of 3.9 kpc of Masgomas-6a, the luminosity of the extended source is (1.81 ± 0.02) × 1035 erg s−1. With a kinetic luminosity of ∼1037 erg s−1 in the stellar winds, the W-R stars are capable of powering the γ-ray emission via neutral pion decay resulted from CR proton–proton interactions. The size of the GeV source and the energetic requirement suggests a CR diffusion coefficient smaller than that in the Galactic interstellar medium, indicating a strong suppression of CR diffusion in the molecular cloud.
On the Effects of Planetary Oblateness on Exoplanet Studies
Authors: Berardo David , de Wit Julien
Published: August 2022

When studying transiting exoplanets it is common to assume a spherical planet shape. However, short rotational periods can cause a planet to bulge at its equator, as is the case with Saturn, whose equatorial radius is almost 10% larger than its polar radius. As a new generation of instruments comes online, it is important to continually assess the underlying assumptions of models to ensure robust and accurate inferences. We analyze bulk samples of known transiting planets and calculate their expected signal strength if they were to be oblate. We find that for noise levels below 100 ppm, as many as 100 planets could have detectable oblateness. We also investigate the effects of fitting spherical planet models to synthetic oblate lightcurves. We find that this biases the retrieved parameters by several standard deviations for oblateness values >0.1–0.2. When attempting to fit an oblateness model to both spherical and oblate lightcurves, we find that the sensitivity of such fits is correlated with both the signal-to-noise ratio as well as the time sampling of the data, which can mask the oblateness signal. For typical values of these quantities for Kepler observations, it is difficult to rule out oblateness values less than ∼0.25. This results in an accuracy wall of 10%–15% for the density of planets which may be oblate. Finally, we find that a precessing oblate planet has the ability to mimic the signature of a long-period companion via transit-timing variations, inducing offsets at the level of tens of seconds.
Binding Energy Evaluation Platform: A Database of Quantum Chemical Binding Energy Distributions for the Astrochemical Community
Authors: Bovolenta Giulia M. , Vogt-Geisse Stefan , Bovino Stefano , Grassi Tommaso
Published: August 2022

The quality of astrochemical models is highly dependent on reliable binding energy (BE) values that consider the morphological and energetic variety of binding sites on the surface of ice-grain mantles. Here, we present the Binding Energy Evaluation Platform (BEEP) and database that, using quantum chemical methods, produces full BE distributions of molecules bound to an amorphous solid water (ASW) surface model. BEEP is highly automatized and allows one to sample binding sites on a set of water clusters and to compute accurate BEs. Using our protocol, we computed 21 BE distributions of interstellar molecules and radicals on an amorphized set of 15–18 water clusters of 22 molecules each. The distributions contain between 225 and 250 unique binding sites. We apply a Gaussian fit and report the mean and standard deviation for each distribution. We compare with existing experimental results and find that the low- and high-coverage experimental BEs coincide well with the high-BE tail and mean value of our distributions, respectively. Previously reported single BE theoretical values are broadly in line with ours, even though in some cases significant differences can be appreciated. We show how the use of different BE values impacts a typical problem in astrophysics, such as the computation of snow lines in protoplanetary disks. BEEP will be publicly released so that the database can be expanded to other molecules or ice models in a community effort.
Adverse Event Profiles of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Adenocarcinoma Lung Patients in North Sumatera Population
Authors: Soeroso Moh. Ramadhani , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Tarigan Setia Putra , Syahruddin Elisna
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: In early 2000, a new targeted therapy was introduced and appeared to be a medical revolution due to the great emergence of procedural treatments in lung cancers. This new target therapy has been developed recently, which is also accompanied by the development of molecular markers as medical guidance.

AIM: This study aims to assess the side effect of the usage of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) on lung adenocarcinoma patients in North Sumatera.

METHODS: This study was a descriptive analysis study with consecutive sampling. Data was collected from the medical records of 50 pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients who have been treated by EGFR-TKI erlotinib and gefitinib. The statistical analysis was performed through SPSS software.

RESULTS: From this study, the majority of subjects were in the age range of 50–60 years old (24%), had no smoking history (52%), and were in Stage IVA (62%) at the time of diagnosis. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed and showed that exon 19 was found as the commonest mutations (62%). After using the first generation of EGFR-TKI including erlotinib and gefitinib, the majority of subjects experienced Grade I toxicities (46%) involved skin (acneiform).

CONCLUSION: The most common adverse event that is occurred in the cases was in skin disorders (72% of cases), which is particularly indicated by acne rash (46% of cases). The degree of toxicity during the medications was populously on degree 1 (46% of cases).
Factors Related to Depression Score among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Digestive Surgery Outpatient Clinic of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan
Authors: Ismarika Ismarika , Effendy Elmeida , Nasution Nazli Mahdinasari
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Colorectal cancer has been known as the leading cause of death with depression as the most common coexisting morbidity. Factors related to depression among cancer patients are required to be explored. 
Aim: To investigate factors related to depression among colorectal cancer patients in Medan. 
Method: This  cross sectional predictive analytical multivariate study was conducted through March to May 2021 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan involving 105 colorectal patients visiting Digestive Surgery outpatient clinic who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were requested to fill in personal data on participant’s form. Direct interview was conducted in accordance with COVID-19 health protocols. To assess depression score, HADS-D questionnaire was used in the study. 
Result: Our study found among independent variables that we assessed, 5 variables ; length of education, number of comorbidities, gender, occupation, and marital status are independent risk factors related to the occurrence of depression among colorectal cancer patients (adjusted R2 = 68.5%). 
Conclusion: By acknowledging risk factors related to depression among these patients, early intervention and tailored education for both patients and their loved ones can be done.
The Difference in Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in Blood between Grilled and Non-grilled Food Vendors in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Suci Putri Ayu , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Tarigan Setia Putra , Nainggolan Nuryunita , Mutiara Erna
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) is air pollutants that have continued to increase in level. It might affect the body through the binding of CO with hemoglobin (Hb) in blood to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). In addition to cigarettes, another pollutant that might affect the COHb levels in the blood is the smoke produced from grilled food.

AIM: Thus, this research was done to identify the difference in COHb levels in blood between grilled and non-grilled food vendors.

METHODS: A comparative analysis study with a cross-sectional design was done between October and November 2020 at Jalan Dr. Mansyur, Medan. The sample for the measurement of COHb levels of each subject was taken from blood plasma. COHb levels were measured with Human COHb Elisa Kit, Size 96 Wells, Brands Bioassay TL at the integrated research laboratory of Universitas Sumatera Utara. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0. Normality test of COHb levels in blood between grilled and non-grilled food vendors was done using Shapiro–Wilk test, where p > 0.05 indicated a normal distribution of data.

RESULTS: A total of 50 subjects (25 from grilled food vendors and 25 from non-grilled food vendors) met the research criteria. Thirty-two subjects (64%) aged 20–30 years, where 19 of them were grilled food vendors (59.4%) and 13 (40.6%) were non-grilled food vendors. COHb levels were 500.22 ng/ml with minimum and maximum levels of 106.21 ng/ml and 1204.14 ng/ml observed, respectively. The median of COHb levels in grilled food vendors (352.81 ng/ml) was found to be lower than that in non-grilled (513.58 ng/ml). Comparative analysis results showed p = 0.204 (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There was no significant differences in COHb levels in blood between grilled and non-grilled food vendors in Medan.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Delmas Bruno
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Depuis l’origine des sociétés humaines, des groupes se sont constitués autour de pratiques de partage, les communs, de ressources matérielles et immatérielles, là où ils se trouvaient dans un équilibre avec leur environnement, pour former des communautés où chaque individu pouvait trouver sa place. À la Renaissance, avec la Réforme et sous l’effet de la common law , un pouvoir grandissant a été donné aux individus et à leurs droits de propriété dans un équilibre sans cesse recomposé avec leurs communs. Cette évolution est allée croissante avec la révolution scientifique du xvii e siècle, celle de l’économie du xviii e siècle, celle de l’industrie au xix e siècle de plus en plus au détriment des communs. Elle a dévasté les communautés traditionnelles européennes et a été ensuite exportée de façon plus ou moins forte outre-mer à la faveur de la colonisation. Cependant, partout, beaucoup de ces communs, ont subsisté, plus ou moins affaiblis ou transformés, tandis que de nouveaux voyaient le jour. Aujourd’hui, la globalisation des échanges, les prodigieuses avancées des sciences et des techniques provoquent une crise mondiale qui menace non pas tel ou tel peuple, tel ou tel territoire, telle ou telle ressource, mais l’humanité toute entière que seul le retour à des pratiques de partage des ressources naturelles ou artificielles, dans un équilibre avec l’environnement permettra de surmonter.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Hugon Philippe
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Les questions des biens communs sont réactualisées dans un nouveau contexte de mise en réseau permis par le numérique, de prise en compte de nouvelles raretés face à la pression démographique et l’appropriation publique ou privée des biens ou des ressources supposées être libres comme le sont l’air, l’eau ou les connaissances. Ils imposent de dépasser l’État/marché et de mettre en œuvre des « gouvernementalités » et des régulations pour des communautés locales petites ou grandes globales. L’économie orthodoxe assimile les biens communs à des biens en accès libre (absence d’exclusion et de rivalité). Le « prix Nobel » E. Ostrom l’utilise, au contraire, comme des « ressources partagées par un groupe de gens », reliant des faisceaux de droits et des communautés. Une approche d’économie politique privilégie les communs comme des construits socio politiques. Ce chapitre différencie les débats fondateurs de l’économie politique et les nouveaux enjeux dans les pays dits en développement.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Marty André
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Il s’agit d’une tentative d’application de la théorie des communs à des contextes pastoraux et agropastoraux (définis par la présence de l’élevage mobile), en milieu sahélien, avec des évolutions contrastées. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse porte sur la dégradation des relations entre « sédentaires » et « nomades » le long de la vallée du fleuve Niger, au nord du Mali, suite à l’introduction d’une division administrative et d’une séparation géographique initiée lors de la conquête coloniale et amplifiée par la suite. Ce qui était vécu en commun, selon un large éventail de complémentarités, a fini par s’étioler peu à peu et non sans résistances au point d’aboutir, souvent mais pas toujours, à des oppositions malheureuses pour la paix sociale. Dans un second temps, l’analyse reprend des expériences récentes de développement en hydraulique pastorale menées au Tchad et au Niger qui, à l’inverse, ont cherché à associer à la fois les représentants des groupes d’agriculteurs et de pasteurs, de façon à prévenir les conflits et à décider ensemble de la création et de la gestion des infrastructures, avant toute réalisation technique (puits, mares, balisage de pistes dans les parties sensibles). Cet « en-commun » a entraîné un réel climat d’apaisement. Ainsi, le recours aux communs, de nature intercommunautaire, sur au moins une partie des ressources existantes ou créées, offre une perspective d’avenir possible basée sur des liens de confiance, plutôt que d’hostilité, à l’échelle locale.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Karsenty Alain
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Les forêts tropicales sont parfois qualifiées de « bien public mondial », parfois de biens communs, mais ces qualifications sont contestées. Une problématisation plus adéquate doit distinguer la dimension « ressources » (sous la souveraineté des États et appropriées) et la dimension « services » (écosystémiques) des forêts. Au niveau local, le « faire commun », qui suppose des règles de gestion des ressources largement partagées au sein du groupe, n’est pas toujours effectif en Afrique, avec des « communautés » au sein desquelles le déficit d’action collective se traduit par un manque de confiance entre les membres. En Afrique centrale, la création de nouveaux communs passe par la reconnaissance de droits fonciers et fruitiers superposés, et l’organisation de leur coexistence à travers une gestion « par couche ». Les vastes concessions forestières peuvent constituer les lieux de construction de ces nouveaux communs en évoluant vers une forme institutionnelle de développement territorial nouvelle et inclusive.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Boütinüt Laurence , Baticle Christophe , Dkamela Guy Patrice
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Notre objet de recherche a trait aux pratiques de chasse de subsistance et au rapport que les populations riveraines des forêts entretiennent avec le territoire dans une région du Sud-Est du Cameroun. En partant d’une définition minimale des « communs » qui renvoie à une praxis (Dardot et Laval, 2014 : 232) et qui relève d’une entente sur des intérêts communs plus ou moins objectivés face à la réduction des espaces forestiers nécessaires à l’exercice du droit de subsistance, c’est en quelque sorte d’un commun de résistance que l’on se propose, ici, de faire l’hypothèse. Après avoir rappelé les principaux enjeux que représentent la chasse et le rapport à la faune sauvage dans l’histoire coloniale des forêts africaines (I), nous envisageons les réformes forestières des années 1990, produites dans le contexte de libéralisation et de décentralisation qui ont favorisé les processus de délégation aux populations locales de la compétence, de la responsabilité et de la charge de gérer et de surveiller leurs propres ressources. Mais dans le même temps, ces étendues leur sont en grande partie confisquées à travers l’établissement des Unités d’aménagement Forestiers (UFA), concédées aux sociétés privées d’exploitation du bois, qui forment comme autant d’enclosures juridiques excluant ou réduisant les pratiques de chasse et de cueillette (II). De fait, toutes pratiques de chasse de subsistance, ou presque, sont suspectes. Facilement associées à du braconnage, elles sont passibles de sanctions. La notion de commun ne peut se dissocier d’un rapport au territoire, en l’occurrence ici la forêt, et d’un ensemble de pratiques partagées par les villageois parfois au travers de contournements des dispositifs participatifs. Ces illégalismes observés constituent des formes d’actions implicitement rebelles et pourtant banales qui ont en commun de se glisser à travers les mailles des interdits, les imprécisions des lois, l’arbitraire qui préside à l’application des règlements comme dans le déplacement, les raretés face à la pression démographique et à l’appropriation privée ou publique du foncier ou de biens ou de ressources supposés libres comme l’air, l’eau, ou les savoirs. Elles obligent à dépasser la bipolarité État/marché et à mettre en œuvre des « gouvernementalités » et des régulations par des communautés petites ou grandes, locales voire des limites sur le territoire, en tant que parcours, en tant qu’espace vécu (III).
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Bambridge Tamatoa
Published: August 2022

Résumé. À partir d’une analyse de la définition de commun, cet article explicite en quoi l’organisation sociale polynésienne ancienne (avant les contacts avec les Européens) était un commun et quelles sont les transformations de ce commun à l’époque contemporaine.
Les communs, aujourd'hui !
Authors: Desclèves Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

Résumé. Aujourd’hui la communauté internationale prend conscience de l’importance majeure de l’océan pour l’avenir de l’humanité, et la préservation d’un environnement maritime durable est devenue une priorité mondiale. Matrice originelle et mémoire de la vie, poumon de la planète, immense réservoir de ressources de plus en plus nécessaires à l’humanité, l’océan vivant, inappropriable et insécable, inhabité par les hommes, sans frontière, doit être considéré globalement comme un patrimoine commun de l’humanité , dans la mesure où ses attributs, ses ressources et sa pérennité conditionnent très directement notre avenir commun.
Le « formidable infini noir » : fonction de la science et imaginaire cosmique dans l’œuvre hugolienne de l’exil
Authors: Kuchmann Hélène
Published: August 2022

Dans cet article, il s’agit d’interroger l’œuvre hugolienne de l’exil à l’aune des mutations cosmologiques engagées par les découvertes astronomiques du xix e  siècle et leur vulgarisation. Non seulement les étoiles ne sont plus perçues comme des points fixes et immobiles, mais encore elles naissent et meurent. Le constat de la corruptibilité et mutabilité des corps célestes, encore relayé et renforcé par les analyses spectrographiques, encourage une vision désenchantée du cosmos, dont Hugo prend le contrepied. Nous nous proposons par conséquent de voir comment le poète en exil intègre les changements de représentation de l’espace sidéral engagés par les bouleversements astronomiques de son époque et inverse leur valeur dans la constitution d'un nouvel imaginaire de la transcendance.
Trente ans d’opérations archéologiques sur les grands travaux linéaires en Picardie
Authors: Bayard Didier
Published: August 2022

Le développement des infrastructures de transport qu'a connu la France dans les années 1970-2010 constitue l’un des principaux vecteurs de l’essor de l’archéologie préventive en France. Ces grands travaux ont été précédés de plus en plus systématiquement à partir des années 1980 par des campagnes de détection des sites archéologiques menacés, de sondages et de fouilles, menées à des échelles qui étaient inconcevables auparavant. C'est ainsi que s'est constitué en une quinzaine d'années un groupe professionnel partageant une culture technique et scientifique commune. Sur un plan plus strictement scientifique, la Picardie est la seule région à avoir bénéficié d'un bilan général, réalisé par le service régional de l'archéologie et l'Inrap dans le cadre des Actions Collectives de Recherche (ACR) financées par le ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et la Recherche, le CNRS et l’Inrap. Cette étude rétrospective intitulée « Quinze ans d'archéologie préventive sur les grands tracés linéaires en Picardie » fait un historique des principales opérations archéologiques menées sur les grands tracés linéaires entre 1987 et 2003 et en détaille les multiples apports scientifiques.