bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnering RemoTe monitoring of Implanted Cardiac devices with Intelligent PATient Engagement – PARTICIPATE trial: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheahen Brodie , Laranjo Liliana , Sivagangabalan Gopal , Shaw Tim , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Chow Clara K
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) can transfer data to the healthcare team, remotely. National and international cardiac organisations recommend all patients use this technology, however patient engagement is suboptimal. Previously, in cardiovascular patients, SMS messaging services have shown improvements in patient engagement and subsequent health outcomes. This paper describes the protocol and intervention of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the feasibility of a novel CIED remote monitoring SMS patient support programme on self-efficacy in managing CIED and cardiovascular health following CIED implantation.

Methods/analysis

A two-arm RCT will be conducted of 100 participants with 1:1 allocation to intervention or control. Participants awaiting-CIED or immediately post-CIED implantation from sites throughout Australia will be invited to partake. The intervention group will receive regular SMS communication with a range of educational and self-efficacy resources, in conjunction with engagement initiatives following CIED clinical issue detection. The control group will receive CIED remote monitoring education and clinical issue management as per standard practice at their respective sites. The primary outcome will assess the patient’s capacity to manage their CIED as measured by the ‘Self-Efficacy Expectations After Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation Scale’. Secondary outcomes will assess participant’s ability to manage their cardiovascular condition, CIED remote monitoring, quality of life, impact on health service utilisation, cardiovascular behavioural risk factor change and motivation to improve cardiovascular health. A sample size of 100 will have a 90% power to detect a minimum difference of 1.07 in the ‘Self-Efficacy Expectations After Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation Scale’ between the intervention and control group with an alpha value of 0.05.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for this study has been obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee. The project results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, at scientific meetings and in the media.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12623000702617
Characterisation of patients who develop atrial fibrillation-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ahluwalia Nikhil , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Abbass Hakam , Joshi Abhishek , Chow Anthony W C , Dhinoja Mehul , Petersen Steffen Erhard , Hunter Ross J , Lloyd Guy , Schilling Richard J
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF)-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is retrospectively defined after normalisation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in sinus rhythm. It is unclear why some patients develop AIC.

Hypothesis

Patients with AIC have a subtle cardiomyopathic process that precedes their AF-mediated LVEF reduction. Detailed assessment of cardiac function after successful catheter ablation will reveal this.

Objective

To evaluate the utility of measures to identify cardiomyopathic features that persist after LVEF normalisation in AIC.

Methods

Patients with rate-controlled persistent AF and LVEF<50% undergoing catheter ablation (CA) were prospectively evaluated using echocardiography, cardio-pulmonary exercise testing and serum N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline and 6 months after CA. Participants with AIC, (LVEF recovery (≥50%) and no other cause for cardiac dysfunction) were evaluated using left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain (LARS). Changes in peak oxygen consumption and the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope were measured as markers of functional capacity and ventilatory inefficiency. A control group of patients with persistent AF with preserved LVEF were also enrolled.

Results

34/41 (82.9%) participants recovered LVEF in sinus rhythm; defined as AIC. NT-proBNP levels were elevated in 18 (52.9%), and 16 reported ongoing heart failure (HF) symptoms. 10 (29.4%) had no improvement in functional capacity, and seven (20.6%) showed persistent ventilatory inefficiency. 20 (58.8%) had impaired global LV longitudinal strain with a relative apical sparing pattern. Nine (26.5%) had impaired LARS. There was an overlap of these abnormalities. 32 (94.1%) demonstrated at least one, 17 (50.0%) having no cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with preserved LVEF during persistent AF had similar demographics but a lower burden of short R-R intervals (<660 ms) on Holter monitoring.

Discussion

Abnormal structural, metabolic and HF biomarkers are seen in patients with AIC in sinus rhythm. These features may represent a precedent subtle cardiomyopathic process predisposing them to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in AF.

Trial registration number

NCT04987723.
Optimal timing of oral anticoagulation initiation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Dilli Babu Aravind , Singh Sahib , Gorantla Asher , Ali Baig Mirza Faris , Bhutani Ram , Davuluri Harika , Raghavakurup Lekshminarayan , Herweg Bengt
Published: November 2024

The optimal timing for initiating direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke remains controversial due to concerns about haemorrhagic transformation. This study aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of early versus late DOAC initiation. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted, searching major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov) up to May 2024. A total of 11 studies were identified, comprising nine cohort studies (75.5% weight) and two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (24.5% weight), involving 13 020 participants. The early DOAC group (mean initiation 3.5±1.29 days) included 6250 participants, while the late group (5.7±1.25 days) had 6770 participants. Outcome measures included recurrent ischaemic stroke (RIS), intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), systemic embolism, major haemorrhage (MH), non-major haemorrhage (NMH) and all-cause mortality. Statistical analysis using the Cochrane Review Manager calculated ORs and 95% CIs via the Mantel-Haenszel random effects model. This pooled meta-analysis revealed that the early DOAC group had lower rates of RIS (2.2% vs 2.9%, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98, p=0.04, I2=40%) and ICH (0.51% vs 0.93%, OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.70, p<0.05, I2=0%) compared with the late DOAC group. Subgroup analysis of RCTs and cohort studies showed reduced RIS and ICH risks in the early DOAC group, with moderate heterogeneity. In the sensitivity analysis, the early group (<4 days) had a lower risk of RIS compared with the late group (>4 days) without a statistically significant impact on ICH. No significant differences in MH, NMH, systemic embolism or all-cause mortality were observed between either group; however, a limited number of RCTs and moderate heterogeneity weakened the conclusions. Additional RCTs are needed to provide more definitive insights.
Influence of Robots’ Voice Naturalness on Trust and Compliance
Authors: Becker Dennis , Braach Lukas , Clasmeier Lennart , Kaufmann Teresa , Ong Oskar , Ahrens Kyra , Gäde Connor , Strahl Erik , Fu Di , Wermter Stefan
Published: November 2024

With the increasing performance of text-to-speech systems and their generated voices indistinguishable from natural human speech, the use of these systems for robots raises ethical and safety concerns. A robot with a natural voice could increase trust, which might result in over-reliance despite evidence for robot unreliability. To estimate the influence of a robot’s voice on trust and compliance, we design a study that consists of two experiments. In a pre-study (

\(N_{1}=60\)

) the most suitable natural and mechanical voice for the main study are estimated and selected for the main study. Afterward, in the main study (

\(N_{2}=68\)

), the influence of a robot’s voice on trust and compliance is evaluated in a cooperative game of Battleship with a robot as an assistant. During the experiment, the acceptance of the robot’s advice and response time are measured, which indicate trust and compliance, respectively. The results show that participants expect robots to sound human-like and that a robot with a natural voice is perceived as safer. Additionally, a natural voice can affect compliance. Despite repeated incorrect advice, the participants are more likely to rely on the robot with the natural voice. The results do not show a direct effect on trust. Natural voices provide increased intelligibility, and while they can increase compliance with the robot, the results indicate that natural voices might not lead to over-reliance. The results highlight the importance of incorporating voices into the design of social robots to improve communication, avoid adverse effects, and increase acceptance and adoption in society.
Blue Economic Analysis in Coastal Areas of the Indonesian Java Sea Based on Fisheries
Authors: Ujianti Rizky Muliani Dwi , Burhanuddin Aan , Novita Mega
Published: November 2024

The blue economy is one of the leading sectors in Indonesia, especially fisheries. This research was conducted in three coastal cities/regencies: Semarang City, Demak Regency, and Kendal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study examines the factors for fisheries activities topics, both aquaculture in inland water and fish capture in marine fisheries, namely: Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in each district capital in the aquaculture business, fisheries human resources, production and production value of capture fisheries, production, and production value, volume, production value of aquaculture and water quality which plays a role in increasing aquaculture yields. The secondary data are from the Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistic (BPS)) and the Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (Kementerian Kelautan Perikanan (KKP)). The survey data used were from 2018 to 2023, with the following subjects covered it is (1) GRDP, (2) capital in aquaculture, (3) labor, (4) production of capture, (5) production of value fisheries source by data the result of fish value (Indonesian rupiah (IDR)), (6) production of aquaculture, (7) volume (kg) production of aquaculture, (8) value (IDR) production of aquaculture. The results of this study indicate that these factors are closely related to the yields of aquaculture activities. GRDP is a factor that specifically influences the outcomes of fisheries; in the analysis of the average fisheries activity in the last 5 years, Semarang City was 5.24%, Kendal Regency at 4.95%, and Demak Regency at 2.09%; furthermore, it can be concluded that fisheries activities, namely aquaculture and marine capture, have increased per year. The implications of aquaculture production results for the blue economy that stakeholders can use to implement policies are increasing economic contribution. Increased production will create new jobs, strengthen supply chains, and increase income for people involved in the fisheries industry.
The Existence of Weak Solutions for Bidirectional Fluid–Structure Coupling Problem in 2D Arterial Blood Flow
Authors: Hu Weifeng , Cheng Yunzhang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study a two‐dimensional (2D) bidirectional fluid–solid coupling problem in blood vessels and prove the existence of weak solutions to this kind of problem. When studying the fluid motion of arterial blood flow in arterial vascular tissue, where the density of the vessel wall is roughly equal to that of the blood, the coupling between the blood and the vessel wall is highly nonlinear. In this case, the fluid space where the arterial blood flow is located is no longer fixed in the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model, and its boundary position is determined by the position of the elastic vessel wall. The contact force exerted by the elastic vascular structure on the blood flow also affects the movement of the blood flow, while the position of the blood vessel is determined by the contact force exerted by the blood flow on the blood vessel; that is, two‐way coupling occurs between the vascular diameter and the blood flow space.

MSC2020 Classification: 35D30, 35M31
Cytotoxic Effect of Trypanosoma cruzi Calcineurin B Against Melanoma and Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Serrano-Rodríguez Mayela , Araya Jorge E. , Cortez Mauro , Orrego Patricio R.
Published: November 2024

Chagas disease caused by the obligate intracellular flagellate protozoan Trypanozoma cruzi infects about 6 million people. From the 1930s to the present, the antitumor capacity of T. cruzi has been studied; however, the identification of the responsible molecules for this effect remains undiscovered. Calcineurin, a calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, is a heterodimer consisting of a catalytic subunit (CaNA) and a regulatory subunit (CaNB). It has been described that T. cruzi CaN is involved in the cell invasion and proliferation of the parasite. Recently, extracellular human CaNB has been demonstrated to be capable of inhibiting tumor growth cells, conferring an antitumor effect; however, the extracellular role of T. cruzi CaNB (TcCaNB) is still unknown. The objective of this work was to investigate the antitumor potential of TcCaNB by interacting with membrane proteins and evaluating its effects on the viability, proliferation, and morphology of tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, the possible mechanism of action of TcCaNB was explored. Murine melanoma (B16‐F10), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines were employed for in vitro assays. Far Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the interaction of TcCaNB with membrane proteins, and the effect of TcCaNB on cell viability and proliferation was evaluated using the MTS assay and the CyQUANT NF assay, respectively. The effect of the caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK on TcCaNB‐stimulated tumor cells was investigated to determine if TcCaNB‐induced cell death was associated with apoptosis. To assess cell cycle progression, TcCaNB‐treated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. In this study, the results showed an interaction of TcCaNB with cell membrane proteins in B16‐F10 and HeLa tumor lines, indicating that TcCaNB is capable of decreasing viability and proliferation of B16‐F10 and HeLa cells, with no significant effect observed in Vero cells. Furthermore, morphological changes were observed in tumor cells treated with TcCaNB. DNA fragmentations and inhibition of caspases with Z‐VAD‐FMK partially counteracted the cytotoxic effects of TcCaNB on tumor cells, suggesting that TcCaNB‐induced cell death might be associated with apoptosis. Additionally, TcCaNB caused S phase cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells, with an increase in the sub‐G1 population indicative of apoptosis, while no significant effects were observed in Vero cells.
The Effect of Remimazolam on the Baseline TOF Ratio: A Prospective, Clinical Study
Authors: Yuruki Tomoko , Fujimoto Masafumi , Hirata Naoyuki
Published: November 2024

Background: Remimazolam is a newly developed benzodiazepine. Early recovery from anesthesia because of its ultra‐short acting effect and less hemodynamic side effects has been reported as the specific advantages of remimazolam. Therefore, the maintenance of anesthesia with propofol may be sometimes switched to remimazolam anesthesia maintenance during surgery because of the risk of delayed awakening and unstable hemodynamics. In the present study, to determine the influence of switching anesthesia from propofol to remimazolam on the baseline TOF ratio, the TOF ratio under remimazolam anesthesia maintenance without any neuromuscular blocking agents was compared to that calibrated after induction of general anesthesia with propofol.

Methods: Twelve patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia in the supine position were investigated. After induction of general anesthesia with remifentanil and propofol, a supraglottic airway was inserted without neuromuscular blockade, and TOF stimulation every 15 s at the adductor pollicis muscle was started with acceleromyography. After stable baseline responses to TOF stimulation being obtained for at least 10 min under propofol anesthesia, the anesthetic agent was switched to remimazolam and TOF stimulation every 15 s was maintained for a further 60 min without any interruption. In each case, the averaged TOF ratio during the last 10 min of TOF monitoring was compared to that during the 10 min immediately before the beginning of remimazolam infusion using a paired t‐test.

Results: There were no significant differences in the TOF ratios before and after switching anesthesia to remimazolam (1.07 ± 0.03 vs. 1.07 ± 0.03, p = 0.325).

Conclusion: Switching anesthesia from propofol to remimazolam does not affect the baseline TOF ratio.
Chronic Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Inhibition Prevents Experimental Aging Nephropathy
Authors: Tessaro Helena Mendonça , Fregnan Zambom Fernanda Florencia , Foresto-Neto Orestes , Fim Ribeiro Sara Cristina , Ramos de Sena Claudia , Avancini Costa Malheiros Denise Maria , Saraiva Câmara Niels Olsen , Fujihara Clarice Kazue , Zatz Roberto
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The pathogenesis of aging nephropathy (AN) is yet to be elucidated. Intrarenal angiotensin II (AngII) and activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways exert a relevant pathogenic role in the progression of chronic kidney disease. We sought to investigate whether monotherapy with losartan and combined treatment with losartan and the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) would attenuate experimental AN. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male Munich-Wistar rats were distributed among four groups: 12M (n = 10), untreated 12-month-old rats; 15M (n = 10), untreated 15-month-old rats; 15MLos (n = 8), rats receiving losartan (50 mg/kg/d); and 15MLos+PDTC (n = 8), rats receiving losartan and PDTC (60 mg/kg/d). All treatments were given by mouth from 12 to 15 months of age. Results: Group 15M exhibited slightly decreased tail-cuff pressure and marked increase in albuminuria, sclerotic glomeruli, cortical collagen-1 deposition and infiltration by myofibroblasts, AngII-positive cells, and proinflammatory M1 macrophages, whereas the amount of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages was reduced. In addition, the renal abundance of TLR4, nuclear p65, and IL-6 was increased, indicating activation of the NF-κB pathway, without evidence of simultaneous activation of the NLRP3 cascade. Losartan treatment decreased cortical collagen-1 deposition, myofibroblasts, and AngII-positive cells and partially restored renal M2 but had no significant effect on albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, or NF-κB activation. Combined losartan+PDTC prevented all the observed abnormalities. Discussion: Simultaneous blockade of renal AngII and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway may represent a novel alternative to limit the decline of renal function with age.
Impeding Nucleotide‐Binding Oligomerization Domain‐Like Receptor 3 Inflammasome Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Obesity‐Associated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Shi‐qiang , Xie Sai‐yang , Zhang Tong , Zhang Heng , Chen Meng‐Ya , Xing Yun , Zhao Nan , Li Lanlan , Chen Si , Wang Sha‐sha , Zeng Xiao‐feng , Deng Wei , Tang Qi‐Zhu
Published: November 2024

Background

Inflammation and metabolic disturbances are key culprits in the pathogenesis of obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy. The NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor 3) inflammasome mediates the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β) and IL‐18 by activating caspase‐1, which is strongly implicated in metabolic disturbances. We here sought to determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition could ameliorate obesity cardiomyopathy and if so, to further explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results

Male mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 24 weeks to induce obesity cardiomyopathy. MCC950 was used to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Recombinant adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 encoding TXNIP (thioredoxin‐interacting protein) under cTnT (cardiac troponin T) promoter and the mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO were injected into obese mice to investigate the specific mechanism. To mimic obesity cardiomyopathy in vitro, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes transfected with the small interfering RNA against TXNIP were incubated with 400 μmol palmitic acid for 24 hours. NLRP3 inflammasome was significantly increased in obese hearts. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by NLRP3 deletion or MCC950 prevented obesity‐induced cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and excessive lipid accumulation in male mice. Conversely, TXNIP overexpression worsened obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, MCC950 treatment or TXNIP knockdown reduced palmitic acid‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid storage. Mechanistically, abnormal NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa B) pathway activation, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and elevated TXNIP levels led to excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusions

Our study confirms that aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes worsens obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy and implicates inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potent therapeutic approach for obesity cardiomyopathy.
Combined Effects of Air Pollution and Changes in Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Dyslipidemia
Authors: Kim Hye Jun , Oh Yun Hwan , Park Sun Jae , Song Jihun , Kim Kyuwoong , Choi Daein , Jeong Seogsong , Park Sang Min
Published: November 2024

Background

Sedentary behavior elevates cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Increasing physical activity (PA) is recommended alongside pharmacological therapy to prevent CVD, though benefits across environmental conditions are unclear.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 113 918 newly diagnosed patients with dyslipidemia (2009–2012) without prior CVD, sourced from the Korea National Health Insurance Service. Ambient particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM
10
levels were collected from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System in South Korea. Changes in PA, measured in metabolic equivalents of task–min/wk before and after dyslipidemia diagnosis, were evaluated for associations with air pollution levels and CVD risk using Cox proportional hazards regression. Patients were followed from January 1, 2013, until CVD onset, death, or December 31, 2021. Among patients exposed to low to moderate PM
2.5
levels (≤25 μg/m
3
), increasing PA from inactive to ≥1000 metabolic equivalents of tasks–min/wk was associated with a lower risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.70–0.97];
P
for trend=0.022). In high PM
2.5
(>25 μg/m
3
) conditions, increasing PA from inactive and decreasing PA from ≥1000 metabolic equivalents of task–min/wk was associated with reduced (
P
for trend=0.010) and elevated (
P
for trend=0.028) CVD risks, respectively. For PM
10
, increased PA was linked to reduced CVD risk (
P
for trend=0.002) and decreased PA to elevated risk (
P
for trend=0.042) in low to moderate PM
10
(≤50 μg/m
3
) conditions, though benefits diminished at high PM
10
(>50 μg/m
3
) exposures.

Conclusions

Promoting PA, while considering the high potential cardiovascular risk associated with air pollution, may be an effective intervention against CVD in patients with dyslipidemia.
Carotid Artery Stenting Outcomes by Neurointerventional Surgeons (CASONI)
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohamad , Hassan Ameer E. , Kerro Ali , Martucci Maria , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Mir Osman , Sheriff Faheem G. , Kan Peter , Ezepue Chizoba , Janjua Nazli A. , Asif Kaiz S. , Grandhi Ramesh , Alaraj Ali , Niazi Muhammad , Mansour Ossama Yassin , Chen Michael , Bushnaq Saif , Tanweer Omar , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Delora Adam , Ezzeldin Rime , Navpreet Bains , Chaubal Varun , Abdulrazzak Mohammad Ammar , Saei Hamzah , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , AlMajali Mohammad , Edhayan Gautam , Shekhlee Amer Al , Hadjialiakbari Christopher , Froukh Musaab , Salah Walid K. , Nico Elsa , Madapoosi Adrusht , Radiaideh Yazan , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Haim Oz , Garza Noel , Maud Alberto , Rolon‐Newton Morgan , Barakat Benan , Gowda Tejas , Monk Muhammad , Ali Zuhair , Anwoju Tunmi , Zaidat Osama O. , Siddiq Farhan
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiple studies have highlighted the importance of carotid artery stenting (CAS) operator's experiences. However, fellowship‐trained neurointerventionalists remain an under‐represented specialty in the literature. We aim to report the complication rate of CAS performed exclusively by neurointerventionalists.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study regarding stenting symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis was collected at multiple comprehensive stroke centers. The primary outcome included a composite of the 30‐day periprocedural mortality, symptomatic ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and myocardial infarction. The secondary outcomes included other complications. Chi‐squared tests were performed for categorical variables, and Welch's t‐test was used for continuous variables. Cutoffs in continuous variables were estimated using grid search optimization. Sensitivity analyses were performed for missing data.

Results

Between 2018 and 2022, 1445 CAS procedures were performed by 38 neurointerventionalists. We have 30‐day outcome data on 1281 patients. Patients were predominantly symptomatic (93.01%), male (65.79%), White (70.36%), and had a median age of 69. The primary outcomes occurred in 26 (1.8%) cases, with 13 (0.9%) death, 8 (0.55%) symptomatic ischemic stroke, 4 (0.28%) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 1 (0.07%) myocardial infarction. A statistically significant increase in all outcomes correlated with advanced age (
P
= 0.001), women (
P
= 0.013), aortic arch type 3 (
P
= 0.01), and higher preprocedural modified Rankin score (
P
= 0.006). Secondary outcomes were higher in Hispanic and Black patients (
P
= 0.007) and those with low diastolic blood pressure at stenting (
P
= 0.04).

Conclusion

CAS, conducted by fellowship‐trained neurointerventionalist physicians in comprehensive stroke centers, demonstrates a lower complication rate than what was previously reported in CAS, carotid endarterectomy, and transcarotid artery revascularization literature. Physician training, higher frequency, and standardized stroke care in a comprehensive stroke center may contribute to this low complication rate.
Three, Now Forgotten, Nineteenth-Century Leiden Scholars
Authors: Bearman Peri
Published: November 2024

When a field is in its genesis, as the study of Islam was in the nineteenth century, with so much still to be discovered and published, the loss of a promising star hits hard. This brief essay is written in homage to three up-and-coming Dutch scholars of the mid-nineteenth century, Hendrik Engelinus Weyers, J. J. B. Gaal, and Willem H. Engelmann, all from Leiden University, who were struck down in their prime. As their names have been now mostly erased in history, this article honors their all too short lives and work.
Three New Mimetic Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Mt. Candalaga, Davao de Oro, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: OBRIAL GRADEN G. , AGBAS DAVEN JAYSON D. , MEDINA MILTON NORMAN D. , CABRAS ANALYN A.
Published: November 2024

Three new species of Metapocyrtus: Metapocyrtus inangsabong Cabras, Obrial & Agbas sp. nov., Metapocyrtus lumad Cabras, Obrial & Agbas sp. nov., and Metapocyrtus (Trachycyrtus) uphagpula Cabras, Obrial & Agbas sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Short ecological notes on the species’ habitat, mimicry with other weevils and beetles, and the association between Nepenthes candalaga and Pachyrhynchini in the Philippines are also presented.
Three new species of Demidospermus (Monopisthocotyla: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing Ageneiosus inermis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: JUSTO MARCIA CRISTINA NASCIMENTO , MARTINS WILLIANE MARIA DE OLIVEIRA , COHEN SIMONE CHINICZ
Published: November 2024

During a study on the helminth fauna of fishes in the Juruá and Moa Rivers, State of Acre, north Brazil, three new species of Demidospermus Suriano, 1983 were found parasitizing Ageneiosus inermis (Auchenipteridae). Demidospermus juruaensis sp. nov. is characterized by its accessory piece, which is robust and straight, anchor-shaped distally, as well as by morphology of its hooks, which have a delicate and expanded shaft with a spear-shape ending. Demidospermus bifurcatus sp. nov. is characterized by a male copulatory organ (MCO) composed of a robust tube, with a bisected tip at the distal end and a robust accessory piece, that embraces the MCO along its entire length. Demidospermus takemotoi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by its long, tubular and slender accessory piece, which is almost the same length as the MCO. These findings bring the number of valid Demidospermus species to 36. The results of this research on the helminth parasites of fishes in Acre State underscore the importance of carrying similar studies on other fish species, thereby enhancing understanding of biodiversity in the Neotropical Region.
On three new species of the earthworm genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Moniligastridae) from south-western India
Authors: NARAYANAN S. PRASANTH , JOSE DIVYA , C. BIJOY , KURIEN VIJO THOMAS , THOMAS A.P.
Published: November 2024

Three new earthworm species of the genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900, namely D. jatinderi Narayanan, sp. nov., D. paliwali Narayanan, sp. nov. and D. proboscidea Narayanan, sp. nov., are described from materials collected from the Kerala state of south-western India. D. jatinderi Narayanan, sp. nov., belongs to D. travancorensis Michaelsen, 1910 species group, characterized by spermathecal pores at C setal line, male pores at mid bc setal lines, glandular prostate, spermathecal atrium present, dorsal pores, and genital markings absent. Whereas D. paliwali Narayanan, sp. nov., and D. proboscidea Narayanan, sp. nov. belong to the D. robusta robusta (Bourne, 1886) group, characterized by glandular prostates and bilobed spermathecal atria. D. jatinderi Narayanan, sp. nov., and D. proboscidea Narayanan, sp. nov. were collected from the midlands of Ernakulam district, and D. paliwali Narayanan, sp. nov., was collected from the higher altitude evergreen forest of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve of Palakkad district. Here we provide a detailed description of the external and internal characteristics of the new species, along with illustrations of the key characters. With the new findings, a total of 52 Drawida species are known from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
THE SCALE INSECTS OF IRAN (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA) PART 3 THE SOFT SCALES (COCCIDAE) AND OTHER FAMILIES
Authors: MOGHADDAM MASUMEH , WATSON GILLIAN W.
Published: November 2024

The present work is the third and final part in a series of monographs on the Iranian scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) by the same authors: Part 1, the armoured scales (Diaspididae), was published in 2021, and Part 2, the mealybugs (Pseudococcidae and Rhizoecidae) and Putoidae, was published in 2022. Here we cover ten families: Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Cryptococcidae, Eriococcidae, Kermesidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae and Phoenicococcidae, bringing the total number of scale insect families recorded in Iran to 14. A key is provided to separate all 14 families. For each of the ten families in the present work, keys to identify the genera and species found in Iran are provided. These are accompanied by detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, information on natural enemies, economic importance and the host-plants recorded in Iran. The main purpose of this work is to provide agricultural staff concerned with pest control and quarantine inspection in Iran (and elsewhere) with a reliable means of species identification. Among the recorded species in the present work, Ceroplastes elytropappi (Brain, 1920) and Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum (Pergande, 1898) (Coccidae) are considered to be doubtful records for Iran. Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi & Shafee, 1985 and Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell, 1893 are both recorded from Iran for the first time.
Small Children Receive Large Doses, While Large Children Receive Low Doses of Amoxicillin Per kg
Authors: Stenger Katelyn S. , Yamamoto Loren G.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

With increasing pneumococcal penicillin resistance, physicians treat pneumococcal infections with high-dose amoxicillin (80-90 mg/kg/d). High-dose amoxicillin approaches adult doses which makes clinicians reluctant to exceed “adult doses.” This study examines the disparity of amoxicillin dosing between the ages of children.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 5503 children prescribed amoxicillin regardless of diagnosis. The final cohort consisted of 3620 encounters with infections that align with recommendations of high-dose amoxicillin.

Results:

Linear regression demonstrated a significant negative correlation between age/dose (mg/kg/d) and weight/dose (mg/kg/d). Larger children are prescribed declining doses in mg/kg/d, so most patients above 60 kg are dosed at less than 40 mg/kg/d. Children 6 years and under cluster around the 80 mg/kg/d dose.

Conclusions:

Older children receiving a lower than recommended dose per kilogram of amoxicillin for conditions that require high-dose amoxicillin. There is a disparity in the dosing of amoxicillin between age/weight categories.

Article summary

A chart review of 3620 pediatric patient encounters prescribed amoxicillin. After controlling for weight, as age and weight increases, the dose of amoxicillin prescribed decreases. Children are reaching the adult maximum dose right after they surpass 15 kg. What is known on this subject: An Amoxicillin guideline shift to 80 to 90 mg/kg/d for treating pneumococcal infections in 2014. This was due to increasing intermediate penicillin resistance. Obesity results in children reaching the “maximum” doses at younger ages as well. What this study adds: There is a disparity is amoxicillin dosing among the pediatric population, are small children getting too much amoxicillin, or are larger children getting too little? Children are also reaching the adult maximum dose at low weights, such as 20 kg. Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available.
These Were the Days of Our Lives! A Self-Enhancement Model of Revisit Intention for Warfare Heritage Tourism
Authors: Scarpi Daniele , Raggiotto Francesco
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses revisiting intention in warfare heritage tourism. Building on drivers related to the psychology of the tourists, it develops and tests a moderated mediation model accounting for self-enhancement, engagement, sense of belonging, and revisit intention. Two studies explore the relationships among these constructs, sampling tourists visiting contemporary warfare heritage sites (Cold War military installations). The results show that the sense of belonging mediates the self-enhancement–revisit intention relationship and that engagement moderates the mediation. Finally, results show that the relationships among the considered constructs do not change for tourists living in the former western or eastern blocks and for tourists born before, during, or after the Cold War era.
Healthcare utilisation of 282,080 individuals with long COVID over two years: a multiple matched control, longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Mu Yi , Dashtban Ashkan , Mizani Mehrdad A , Tomlinson Chris , Mohamed Mohamed , Ashworth Mark , Mamas Mamas , Priedon Rouven , Petersen Steffen , Kontopantelis Evan , Horstmanshof Kim , Pagel Christina , Hocaoğlu Mevhibe , Khunti Kamlesh , Williams Richard , Thygesen Johan , Lorgelly Paula , Gomes Manuel , Heightman Melissa , Banerjee Amitava ,   on behalf of the CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT Consortium
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate healthcare utilisation and cost in individuals with long COVID (LC) at population level.

Design

Case–control cohort analysis with multiple age-, sex-, ethnicity-, deprivation-, region- and comorbidity-matched control groups: (1) COVID only, no LC; (2) pre-pandemic; (3) contemporary non-COVID; and (4) pre-LC (self-controlled, pre-COVID pandemic).

Setting

National, population-based, linked UK electronic health records (British Heart Foundation/NHS England Secure Data Environment).

Participants

Adults aged ≥18 years with LC between January 2020 and January 2023.

Main outcome measures

Healthcare utilisation (number of consultations/visits per person: primary care (general practitioner [GP]), secondary care (outpatient [OP], inpatient [IP] and emergency department [ED], investigations and procedures) and inflation-adjusted cost (£) for LC and control populations per month, calendar year and pandemic year for each category.

Results

A total of 282,080 individuals with LC were included between January 2020 and January 2023. The control groups were COVID only, no LC ( n = 1,112,370), pre-pandemic ( n = 1,031,285), contemporary non-COVID ( n = 1,118,360) and pre-LC ( n = 282,080). Healthcare utilisation per person (per month/year) was higher in LC than controls across GP, OP and ED. For IP, LC had higher healthcare utilisation than pre-LC and contemporary non-COVID (all p < 0.0001). Healthcare utilisation of the LC group increased progressively between 2020 and 2023, compared with controls. Median cost per patient/year was also higher in individuals with LC than all control groups.

Conclusions

LC has been associated with substantial, persistent healthcare utilisation and cost over the last three years. Future funding, resources and staff for LC prevention, treatment and research must be prioritised to reduce sustained primary and secondary healthcare utilisation and costs.
Managerial Human Capital and External Mobility: A Signaling Perspective
Authors: Choudhury Muntakim M. , Moliterno Thomas P. , Eckardt Rory , Morris Shad S. , Crocker Alia
Published: November 2024

Managerial human capital is a valuable organizational resource comprising individual-level capacities that draw upon and leverage the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) gained by employees both before and after promotion to managerial positions. While all organizations need strategically valuable managerial human capital, asymmetrical information in external labor markets creates uncertainty when firms look to hire individuals who can develop and/or provide these capacities. In contrast, internal labor markets, with the unique insights they have on current employees, are better equipped to assess workers’ managerial potential and competencies. As a result, an individual’s career outcomes in their current organization signal important information about their managerial human capital to hiring firms. In this paper we explore how signals sent by an individual’s time to first managerial promotion and time in managerial roles relate to their external mobility. We argue that there are nuanced and sometimes countervailing demand- and supply-side theoretical mechanisms that result in inverted U-shaped associations between these signals of managerial human capital and external mobility. We test our theory using complete career histories from a unique longitudinal and population-level dataset of 2,079 professionals employed in the scouting operations of Major League Baseball franchisees from 1988 to 2010. In addition to contributing to our understanding of signals and external mobility, the results of our logistic discrete-time event history analysis inform broader discussions concerning firm-specific human capital resources and provide new insights on the unique challenges associated with managerial human capital selection.
Stop Skipping the Methods Section! Using the Methods Review Guide to Help Apprentice Scholars Critique Research Articles
Authors: Jacob Stacy A. , Musoba Glenda Droogsma
Published: November 2024

Critiquing journal articles can be intimidating, especially for new scholars. Many new graduate students focus on the findings and discussion rather than the quality of the research. This methodology review guide is our tool to help scholars identify and evaluate a research article, particularly focusing on the methodology. Although there are some great books out there, we think a simple, short guide is less overwhelming to students. This guide is recommended for use in early coursework for masters and doctoral students. The guide focuses the user on the details of the research rather than just the details of the findings.
Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and sexting motivations among Italian young adults: Investigating the impact of age, gender, and sexual orientation
Authors: Morelli Mara , Rosati Fau , Chirumbolo Antonio , Baiocco Roberto , Nappa Maria Rosaria , Cattelino Elena
Published: November 2024

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is characterized by an intense desire to continually stay connected with others and is strictly linked to motivational factors implicated in social interactions, particularly through online communication. FoMO represents a risk factor for problematic use of communication through social media platforms. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between FoMO and sexting. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between FoMO and three motivations for sexting (i.e., sexual purpose, body image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons), while also examining the moderating effects of age, gender, and sexual orientation. The study involved 911 Italian heterosexual and LGB+ young adults aged 18–30 years ( M = 22.3; SD = 2.57; 74% women; 70.4% heterosexual). The findings reveal that FoMO predicts sexting across all its motivational components. No significant differences emerged between men and women in their levels of engagement in sexting for sexual purposes. However, women were more likely to engage in sexting for body image reinforcement compared to men. Conversely, men demonstrated a higher likelihood of sexting for instrumental/aggravated reasons than women. LGB+ people, compared to heterosexuals, demonstrated a higher propensity for engaging in sexting for sexual purposes, body image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons. FoMO emerged as a strong predictor of sexting for body image reinforcement and instrumental/aggravated reasons, especially for LGB+ people. This study identifies FoMO as a predictor of sexting motivations, particularly among women and LGB+ individuals, who may seek validation or connection online. Preventive interventions are needed to foster autonomy, enhance body self-esteem, and promote mutual respect in online interactions, especially for people embodying marginalized identities.
Two Coptic Inscriptions on Mural Paintings at the Coptic Museum
Authors: Fathy Muhammady
Published: November 2024

This article concerns the re-edition of two Coptic inscriptions inscribed on mural paintings from the monastery of Saint Jeremiah at Saqqara. They may be dated to the time span of two centuries, corresponding from the sixth to the eighth century CE. Both inscriptions have been kept in the magazine of the Coptic Museum of Cairo. The first one, number 10882 (Saqq. IV, 319), records a prayer to God imploring him to watch over hermits with a request for commemoration. The second one, number 8449 (Saqq. IV, 313), refers to a name-list of monks, brothers of the service or ministry. These texts inscribed on the murals are studied to provide further aspects on the organization of monastic communities in the area and region of Lower Egypt. Considered as samples of monastic epigraphy in the form of mural inscription, they connect the use of this monastic custom to the principles of monasticism. Thus, by exploring the evidence in terms of the language inscribed with the mural art as part of the architectural features present in the settlements, the history and artistic heritage – associated with the monks concerned or the people involved – become a multitask challenge for the field of Coptic Archaeology.

[Formula: see text]
The Sociology of Tomb and Temple Robbers of the Late 20th Dynasty: Part II, The Bands of Thieves and the Ramesside Society
Authors: Antoine Jean-Christophe
Published: November 2024

This article is the second part of a study devoted to the sociology of tomb robberies at the end of the 20th Dynasty and focuses on the organization of the thieves into bands. These structures were relatively stable. Leadership was inconstant and associated with unequal loot sharing and conflict. Households, including enslaved people, played an important role in band organization particularly among tomb robbers, while hierarchy and patronage with corruption and blackmailing characterized temple thefts. Another social pattern relying on equality, solidarity, and merit existed among tomb robbers of an equal social status and probably corresponds to what ancient Egyptians called wnḏw. How these patterns of sociability are representative of the society of the time is discussed.

[Formula: see text]
Pediatric IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (Mikulicz’s disease) with acquired hemophilia A: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Mai Thanh Cong , Nguyen Thi Khuyen , Nguyen Canh Hiep , Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy
Published: November 2024

We report a case of IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (Mikulicz’s disease) with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) in a pediatric patient. An 11-year-old female presented with intermittent swelling of the bilateral upper eyelids and neck areas. Clinical examination revealed bilateral swollen upper eyelids with palpable mass lesions in the lacrimal fossa. The submandibular and sublingual glands were enlarged, tender, and movable. Neck ultrasound showed bilateral gland enlargement with irregular hypoechoic parenchyma. Maxillofacial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral lacrimal glands enlargement, homogeneous enlarged bilateral submandibular and parotid glands, measuring 4.7 × 3.9 cm. Laboratory investigation showed increased activated partial prothromboplastin time (80.9 s), markedly decreased FVIII activity (0.6%), a high titer of FVIII inhibitor (480 Bethesda units/mL), and a remarkable increase in serum IgG4 level (1005.68 mg/dL). A left submandibular gland biopsy revealed marked lympho-plasmacytic infiltration with scattered eosinophils. Immunohistochemical staining for IgG4 showed numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells (>100 per high-power field), with a ratio of IgG4-positive to IgG-positive cells >40%. The symptoms were markedly relieved following corticosteroid therapy. IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis (Mikulicz’s disease) with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) can also be seen in the pediatric population and should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with relevant symptoms.