bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Bauran Promosi (Promotional Mix) Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Beli Konsumen Dan Jumlah Reseller Di Desa Kamal (Studi Kasus Pada PT. QUEEN ICE Di Bangkalan Madura)
Authors: Gumylang Rethna Anggun , Thambrin Mohamad
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the promotional mix strategy. This research was conducted at PT. Queen Ice Asia Bangkalan Madura, as well as consumers and resellers in Kamal village, the implementation of this research was started from September 2020 to January 2021. This study used a qualitative descriptive research approach. The instrument used in this study was in the form of data from observations made by the researcher as the observer, then the researcher conducted interviews to get more accurate data and maximum results. The research is also equipped with documentation during the observation and interview process. After the researcher conducts observation and interview activities, it can be seen that there has been an increase and success in the promotion process by using the existing promotional mix. In addition, it can also be seen the advantages and constraints of using the company's promotional mix strategy.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Risiko Kredit Sektor Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Ariyani Rifka , Amaniyah Evaliati
Published: August 2021

Bank fundamental factors affect credit risk management policies, because by knowing the internal conditions of the bank, the credit extension policy will be adjusted, in order to minimize the risk of failure or bad credit that creates losses for the Bank. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect credit risk in the banking sector in Indonesia in 2015-2019. This study uses a quantitative approach and  statistical tools like multiple regression analysis in conducting hypothesis testing. The results showed that the factors affecting credit risk in the banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were capital adequacy (CAR) and management quality (BOPO), while profitability (NIM) and liquidity (LDR) did not affect the credit risk (NPL) of the banking sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.  The coefficient of determination (R2) in this study was 32.1%, so that about 67.9% of the credit risk was explained by other variables not examined in this study.
Kepuasan Pengunjung Berdasarkan Kualitas Pelayanan dan Fasilitas Wisata pada Objek Wisata Bukit Jaddih di Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Tiara Rahmasari , Andriani Nurita
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine whether service quality (X1) and tourist facilities (X2) affect visitor satisfaction (Y) on Bukt Jaddih tourism in Bangkalan Regency. The research method used in this research is quantitative method with descriptive quantitative type with a population of visitors who visit Jaddih Hill tourism. The sample in this study were 100 respondents who visited Bukit Jaddih tourism. For data collection, it was carried  out by distributing questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the quality of service and tourist facilities has a positive and significant effect on the variable of visitor satisfaction in Bukit Jaddih tourism in Bangkalan Regency.
THE EFFECT OF ADVERSITY QUOTIENT AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS ON THE STUDENT'S PHYSICAL LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Hanifah Nor , M Abdul Salam , Dewantara Dewi
Published: August 2021

This ex post facto study aimed to reveal the influence of adversity quotient and attitudes students on physics learning achievement.  The population of this study was all of twelvh graders of Public Senior High School (SMAN) 10 Banjarmasin City. The sample was determined by simple random sampling. The instruments used were questionnaires. The research data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical data processing program. The results showed that adversity quotient and attitudes students were in the very high and positive category, and than had a significant effect on physics learning achievement of Public Senior High School (SMAN) 10 Banjarmasin City.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Disiplin, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Romi Violeta Sidoarjo
Authors: Zakiah Naila Amrillah , Dwiridotjahjono Jojok
Published: August 2021

Sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja suatu perusahaan. Perusahaan dituntut mengelola sumber daya manusia secara maksimal untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Kinerja karyawan merupakan salah satu tolak ukur untuk menilai kualitas sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Romi Voleta Sidoarjo. (2) Pengaruh disiplin terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Romi Violeta Sidoarjo. (3) Pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawwan PT. Romi Violeta Sidoarjo. (4) Pengaruh motivasi, disiplin dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Romi Violeta Sidoarjo.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan nonprobability sampling. Sampel dari penelitian ini sebanyak 135 orang karyawan PT Romi Violeta Sidoarjo. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitasnya, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, terdapat pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial antara variabel motivasi, disiplin dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Romi  Violeta Sidoarjo.
Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Baitul Maal Wat-Tamwil (BMT)Darussalam Wates
Authors: Masrunik Endah , Wahyudi Arif , Khoirianto Redy , Wulandari Rega
Published: August 2021

CSR atau Corporate Social Responsibility merupakan suatu pertanggungjawaban sosial suatu entitas kepada pihak lain. Dimana hal ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan citra dari entitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pelaksanaan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) di Baitul Maal Wat-Tamwil (BMT) Darussalam Wates. Metode kualitatif diskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana peneliti melakukan wawancara secara mendalam baik kepada karyawan BMT maupun kepada masyarakat sekitar BMT, kemudian menarik kesimpulan dari hasil wawancara tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa BMT telah melaksanakan CSR yaitu dengan memberikan sedekah atau bantuan untuk mendirikan masjid di dekat BMT sehingga bisa digunakan oleh karyawan BMT untuk beribadah serta masyarakat sekitar BMT. Bentuk CSR lainnya yaitu berupa santunan anak yatim piatu, kaum duafa serta melakukan tasarufan apabila ada warga sekitar BMT yang meninggal. Dana yang digunakan untuk CSR BMT diambilkan dari uang wakaf dari transaksi murabahah di BMT.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Produk Jamu Herbal Masyarakat Desa Keleyan Kabupaten Bangkalan
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: August 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2019 in Indonesia, many parties must always be vigilant about the spread of this deadly virus, because many health workers and patients have died and its development continues to increase positively. While a cure for this deadly virus has not been found to date, prevention is preferable. The method of implementation carried out is that the author and the residents of Keleyan village, Socah sub-district, Bangkalan regency make herbal jamu under the brand "Jarai Shaman" ginger, lemongrass, honey and turmeric which is very useful for maintaining stamina in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. face by paying attention to health protocols and sharing videos about the process of making this herbal “jarai dukun” in the WAG group of the Keleyan village community and youtube. Besides being able to be consumed, the herbal jamu "jarai dukun" can also be used as a micro business for the Keleyan community, Socah sub-district, Bangkalan regency as a local wisdom for Madura.
Pendampingan Petani Padi Melalui KKN Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Piasa Kulon Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat , Herliana Okti , Nugroho Hadi Sapto , Widiyawati Ida
Published: August 2021

The Ngudi Mratani Farmers Group in Piasa Kulon Village is one of the producers of healthy rice that is cultivated organically, but there are several obstacles in providing fertilizers, biopesticides and marketing the rice produced. The objectives of this activity are 1) providing technology transfer in organic rice cultivation by utilizing rabbit urinee as liquid organic fertilizer (POC) 2) Providing training on the manufacture of Local Micro Organisms (MOL) and biopesticides 3) providing assistance related to marketing organic rice. This activity was carried out in July - August 2017 by KKN-PPM students of Jenderal Soedirman University accompanied by a team of service providers from the Faculty of Agriculture as field supervisors. The method used is Rural Appraisal Participation (PRA), which is the active involvement of all parties involved in activities. The stages of the activity were direct field surveys, interviews, training discussions and mentoring on organic rice cultivation techniques, post-harvest handling and marketing. The results of this activity were an increase in farmer understanding by 35%, farmer skills in making MOL, POC rabbit urinee and vegetable pesticides to support organic rice production by 50%. The existence of attractive post-harvest handling and product packaging that increases the quality and selling power of the organic rice produced.
Analisis Konstruk Fashion Involvement Remaja pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Lestari Sumi
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self confidence with adversity quotient of post-drop out students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The hypothesis is that there is a relationship between self confidence and adversity quotient in post-drop out students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The research method is a quantitative approach. The number of participants was 130 people with a purposive sampling technique. The scale used is a scale of self confidence and adversity quotient. Data analysis using the Spearman Rank and analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program. The results show the correlation is 0.844 (significance level 0.000 0.05) which means the level of relationship between variables is very strong. It illustrates that there is a positive relationship between self confidence and adversity quotient in post-drop out students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. In other words, the hypothesis is accepted. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menguji hubungan self confidence dengan adversity quotient mahasiswa pasca drop out di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Adapun hipotesisnya adalah ada hubungan antara self confidence dengan adversity quotient pada mahasiswa pasca drop out di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Metode penelitiannya adalah dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah partisipannya sejumlah 130 orang dengan teknik purposive sampling. Skala yang digunakan adalah skala self confidence dan adversity quotient. Analisis data memakai Spearman Rank serta dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS 23.0. Hasil menunjukkan korelasinya adalah sebesar 0,844 (taraf signifikansi 0.000 0,05) yang artinya tingkat hubungan antar variabel adalah sangat kuat. Hal itu menggambarkan ada hubungan positif antara self confidence dengan adversity quotient pada mahasiswa pasca drop out di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Dengan kata lain, hipotesis diterima.
Halaman Depan Volume 11 No. 2 Tahun 2020
Authors: Personifikasi Redaksi
Published: August 2021

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Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment of Solar PV Water Pumping System In Dryland: Case Study In Madura
Authors: Amir Nizar
Published: August 2021

Indonesia has enormous solar radiation potential, and it can be converted to electrical energy by utilizing solar PV systems. Mainly the irrigation of paddy rice fields in Indonesia dependent on a diesel-powered water pumping system. A solar PV system can replace this method, and it generates several benefits. The present study proposed the utilization of a solar PV system to drive the water pump based on a 100% renewable power supply. The technological and economic viability assessment of solar PV water pumping system to irrigate paddy rice filed at Telang village, Bangkalan, Indonesia, is investigated. The HOMER software has been used to generate the optimal configuration of a renewable system. Initial capital, net present cost, and cost of energy will evaluate as economic assessment criteria. The solar PV and diesel generator water pumping system also compared. The results showed that for water pumping systems, a solar PV system is more cost-effective than a diesel generator. It has lower annual operational and maintenance costs, 100% renewable energy penetration, and free energy cost.
SOUTH CHINA SEA CLAIM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BETWEEN ASEAN AND CHINA
Authors: Nugroho Mohammad Alvian Adi , Hikam M. Miftahul
Published: August 2021

The title of this research is "South China Sea Claim Dispute Settlement between ASEAN and China" The purpose of this study is to find out the role of ASEAN in efforts to resolve claims in the South China Sea.  This research is a descriptive study - analysis that focuses on secondary data. In this study data collection was carried out using the library research method, namely by reviewing several references relating to the problem in this study, as well as interviews with various sources, which were held verbally and frequently asked by informants to get more in the explanation and information about the matter. matters relating to the problems discussed in this study, data obtained from the literature both orally and in writing. territorial conflicts that occur in the South China Sea are increasingly difficult to resolve because the attitude of the Chinese government is often inconsistent with efforts to resolve conflicts offered by ASEAN. ASEAN countries still have not reached an agreement on the Code of Ethics (COC) because of the different interests of each country. ASEAN is expected to face this conflict dynamics while maintaining peace and transforming potential conflicts into potential cooperation through a number of potential peace talks.
THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS FOR ACQUISITION PDAM CLEAN WATER SERVICE (The Case Study Of PDAM Surabaya City)
Authors: Dewi Rista Veria , Djulaeka Djulaeka
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the existence of negligence on the quality standard of water that is flowed by PDAM Surya Sembada, as well as legal remedies that can be carried out by consumers who suffer losses from the clean water services they receive. The research method used is normative research. The research approach is was carried out using a legislative aprroarch, namely by reviewing the law in accordance with legal issues raised related to water quality standards and the responsibilities of PDAM Surya Sembada as the service provider of clean water service recipients in the Surya Sembada City PDAM Surabaya as a cunsumers.  The results showed that the service recipient felt disadvantaged, because there were several aspects of the quality standard of water that was flowed as  reflected in the provisions of Permenkes No. 492 of 2010 concerning Requirements for Drinking Water Quality that were not appropriate and the provision of compensation by clean water service providers to the recipients of services whose right have been impaired is also not carried out properly, so that consumers as service recipients can file claims related to compensation suffered through out of court (no litigation) and court (litigation) ways.
THE INFLUENCE OF ROBOT DANBO MEDIA ON THE MATHEMATIC REPRESENTATION ABILITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Handayani Hani
Published: August 2021

The background of the problem in this study is the low mathematical representation ability of class V students. The media used to improve students' mathematical representation abilities is using the robot danbo  media. volume of cubes and blocks in grade V students. This study aims to determine the effect of using danbo robot media on the mathematical representation ability of class V students in learning the volume of cubes and blocks in class V. The research method used is the one group pretest-posttest design method (one group pretest-posttest design) in Class V students. This research data was collected through the pretest and posttest scores of mathematical representation abilities with a total of 6 students, after being treated using the robot danbo media. The ability of students' initial understanding before treatment (pretest) obtained an average value of 65.3 while after treatment (posttest) was 86.1. It can be seen from the results of data processing using the t test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). It can be seen that the tcount is 3.4 and the ttable is 2.5706. So that H_0 is rejected, meaning that there is an effect of using danbo robot danbo media on the mathematical representation ability of the volume of blocks and cubes in class V.
STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN ACCOMPANYING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO USE GADGETS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Oktavianingsih Eka
Published: August 2021

The school from home (SFH) policy during the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the routine activities of elementary students at home. Prior to COVID-19, the time spent by elementary school children using gadgets ranged from 1 to 2 hours per day, while during SFH elementary students could spend at least 4 hours per day. The increasing intensity and frequency of gadget use among elementary school students makes the role of parents important in accompanying children. Of course, the role of parents is needed so that children can use gadgets wisely to support educational goals, not just for entertainment purposes. The purpose of this study is to strengthen the role of parents in assisting elementary school children to use gadgets during the COVID-19 pandemic through outreach and mentoring activities. The subjects involved were 30 parents who have elementary school children in Porodeso Village, Sekaran District, Lamongan Regency. The method of implementation uses face-to-face techniques (with health protocols), door to door, and online (online using whatsapp group). Based on the results of interviews with parents after participating in the program, it shows that most parents have understood and implemented the gadget assistance material for children. The principles of gadget assistance for elementary school children include: exemplary, agreement, consistency, and serenity.
Association between cardiac enzyme elevation and clinical prognosis of neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Lee Jung Hwa , Lee Yun Im , Ahn Joonghyun , Ryu Jeong-Am
Published: August 2021

Background
To investigate whether cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation is associated with in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients.
Methods
Among neurosurgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2019, those whose serum cTnI levels were obtained within 7 days after ICU admission were included. Propensity score matching was used. Each patient with cTnI elevation was matched to one of control patients. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was MACE.
Results
cTnI elevation was shown in 702 (11.7%) of 6,004 patients. After propensity score matching, 617 pairs of data were generated by 1:1 individual matching without replacement. Rates of in-hospital mortality in the overall population and the propensity score-matched population were higher for patients with cTnI elevation than for those without cTnI elevation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, MACEs were more common in patients with cTnI elevation than in those without cTnI elevation in the overall population and the propensity score-matched population (both p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis of overall and propensity score-matched population, cTnI elevation were associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–3.95 and adjusted OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.20–2.62, respectively). In addition, cTnI elevation were associated with MACE (adjusted OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.43–5.78 and adjusted OR: 4.04, 95% CI: 2.24–7.29, respectively). In survival analysis, the mortality rate of patients with cTnI elevation was significantly higher than in those without cTnI elevation for the propensity score-matched population (28.8% vs. 19.3%, log-rank test, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In this study, cTnI elevation was associated with in-hospital mortality and MACEs in neurosurgical and neurocritically ill patients.
Experimental Verification of the Theory of Non-Force (Information) Interaction
Authors: Teslia Iurii
Published: August 2021

The work is devoted to the demonstration of the possibility of applying the formulas of information handling obtained in the theory of non-force interaction for the natural language processing. These formulas were obtained in computer experiments in modelling the movement and interaction of material objects by changing the amount of information that triggers this movement. The hypothesis, objective and tasks of the experimental research were defined. The methods and software tools were developed to conduct the experiments. To compare different results of the simulation of the processes in a human brain during speech production, there was a range of methods proposed to calculate the estimate of sequence of fragments of natural language texts including the methods based on linear approximation.The experiments confirmed that the formulas of information handling obtained in the theory of non-force interaction reflect the processes of language formation. It is shown that the offered approach can successfully be used to create systems of reactive artificial intelligence machines. Experimental and, presented in this work, practical results constitute that the non-force (informational) interaction formulae are generally valid.
The miR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT axis promotes invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Ning Yichong , Zeng Guirong , Zhou Hao , Zhou Lin , Xiao Pei , Li Zhihong , Zhou Jianlin
Published: August 2021

MiR-193a-5p has been observed to have oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions in different kinds of cancers, but its role and molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma are elusive. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3) normally extrude Ca2+ from the cell, and deregulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is related to several kinds of diseases, including cancer. The present study demonstrated that miR-193a-5p was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, and promoted colony formation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2 and U-2OS), as well as metastasis in a murine xenograft model. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis identified NCX2 as a potential target of miR-193a-5p. Luciferase activity assays and Western blotting further confirmed that miR-193a-5p recognized the 3′-untranslated region of NCX2 mRNA, and negatively regulated NCX2 expression. NCX2 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues, and its expression was negatively correlated with miR-193a-5p levels. Ectopic expression of NCX2 in osteosarcoma cells could reverse the oncogenicity of miR-193a-5p, indicating that miR-193a-5p exerted its effects by targeting NCX2. Further study demonstrated that NCX2 suppresses Ca2+-dependent Akt phosphorylation by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, then inhibited EMT process. Treatment with the antagomir against miR-193a-5p sensitized osteosarcoma to the Akt inhibitor afuresertib in a murine xenograft model. In conclusion, a miR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT signaling axis contributes to the progression of osteosarcoma, which may provide a new therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
A Mandibular Advancement Device Attenuates the Abnormal Morphology and Function of Mitochondria from the Genioglossus in OSAHS Rabbits
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Zhang Shilong , Zhu Dechao , Fan Dengying , Zhu Yahui , Kang Wenjing , Lu Haiyan , Wang Jie
Published: August 2021

Background: To examine the morphology and function of mitochondria from the genioglossus in a rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), as well as these factors after insertion of a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Methods: Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into three groups: control, OSAHS and MAD, with 10 rabbits in each group. Animals in Group OSAHS and Group MAD were induced to develop OSAHS by injection of gel into the submucosal muscular layer of the soft palate. The rabbits in Group MAD were fitted with a MAD. The animals in the control group were not treated. Further, polysomnography (PSG) and CBCT scan were used to measure MAD effectiveness. CBCT of the upper airway and PSG suggested that MAD was effective. Rabbits in the three groups were induced to sleep for 4–6 hours per day for 8 consecutive weeks. The genioglossus was harvested and detected by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial complex I and IV activities were detected by mitochondrial complex assay kits.Results: OSAHS-like symptoms were induced successfully in Group OSAHS and rescued by MAD treatment. The relative values of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial complex I activity and complex IV activity were significantly lower in Group OSAHS than in the control group; however, there was no significant difference between Group MAD and the control group. The OSAHS-induced injury and the dysfunctional mitochondria of the genioglossus muscle were reduced by MAD treatment.Conclusion: Damaged mitochondrial structure and function were induced by OSAHS and could be attenuated by MAD treatment.
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and vibration frequency of gravitational strings. Obtaining formulas for determining the gravitational constant and the mass of an electron through fundamental physical constants.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: August 2021

In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result of this addition, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant in the region of black holes was obtained on the basis of two fundamental constants: the speed of light and elementary charge.Its value has been determined, and the value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. In this study, the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole was obtained.The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory allowed us to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, the formula for the quantum of the gravitational field was obtained, the frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings was determined. It was proved that the ratio of the energy of the gravitational quantum to the fourfold value of the Planck constant is directly proportional to the ratio of the masses of the electron and the proton inside the gravitational cell (inside the atom). On this basis, a formula for the mass of an electron was obtained on the basis of three fundamental constants. The electron mass calculated by the formula coincided with the known experimental value.
Simple and Efficient Realization of Transverse Linear Dark Beams by Azimuthal Phase-Shifted Square Zone Plate
Authors: Asghari Shahrbanoo , Sabatyan Arash
Published: August 2021

Herein, we are about to introduce a novel, reliable and straightforward method to create controllable dark lines employing an azimuthal square zone plate. As a matter of fact, this diffractive element is a square zone plate whose zones are phase-shifted azimuthally. As we illustrate, one way to construct it is combining a square zone plate and radial grating having period m. Considering its focusing behavior, we came to the result that a dark line surrounded by linear bright zones is generated for odd m, as well as a cross-like dark zone is produced when m is even. Furthermore, we illustrate that the length of the dark lines depends on the grating period. Finally, the simulation predictions are verified by experimental results.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy with Glomerular Igm Deposits
Authors: Xu Yu-Zhu , Huang Na-Ya , Qiu Ya-Gui , Chen Xiong-Hui , Li Zhi-Jian , Chen Wei , Wang Xin
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGlomerular IgM deposition is commonly shown in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), but the clinicopathological features and outcomes of IMN with IgM deposition are unclear.MethodsThis single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 210 patients with biopsy-proven IMN from January 2016 to December 2018. Clinicopathological features, treatment responses, and kidney outcomes were compared between patients with and without IgM deposition.Results76 (36.2%) patients shown glomerular IgM deposition. Patients with IgM deposition were younger (45±13.296 vs. 50.59±13.65 years, P=0.006), had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (100.03 [81.31–111.37] vs. 92.67 [74.71–106.63] mL/min/1.73 m2, P=0.041), and had a lower proportion of nephrotic syndrome (60.5% vs. 75.4%, P=0.024) at the time of kidney biopsy. Patients with IgM deposition had a significantly higher proportion of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) lesions (27.6% vs. 13.4%, P=0.011) and C1q deposition (72.4% vs. 57.5%, P=0.032). Although the treatments and initial treatment responses were comparable, patients with glomerular IgM deposition had a significantly greater proportion of eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (log-rank test, P<0.001) and eGFR decrease of ≥10% from baseline (log-rank test, P=0.003). Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition was an independent risk factor of eGFR decline of ≥5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (HR, 2.442; 95% CI, 1.550–3.848, P<0.001) and eGFR decline by ≥10% from baseline (HR, 2.629; 95% CI, 1.578–4.385, P<0.001) during follow-up.ConclusionsGlomerular IgM deposition is associated with younger age, more severe FSGS lesions and C1q deposition, and worse renal outcomes in IMN.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Malaysian Octogenarian: Trends in Demographics and In-Hospital Managements
Authors: Suki Siti Zaleha , Zuhdi Ahmad Syadi Mahmood , Yahya Abqariyah , Zaharan Nur Lisa
Published: August 2021

Background: Octogenarians have often been neglected in the populational study of disease despite being at the highest point of non-modifiable disease risk burden and the fastest-growing age group for the past decade. This study examined the characteristics and in-hospital management of octogenarian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Method: This retrospective study utilised the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease- ACS (NCVD-ACS) registry. Patients ≥ 80 years old admitted with ACS at 23 participating hospitals from 2008 to 2017 (n=3,080) were identified. Demographics, in-hospital intervention, and evidence-based pharmacotherapies were examined. Binary logistic regression was used.Results: Octogenarians made up 3.8% of patients with ACS in the NCVD-ACS registry (53% men, mean age=83.3, SD±3.4) within the 10-year. The largest ethnic group was Chinese (44%). Hypertension (78%) was the main CV risk factor. Most octogenarians (90.4%) have multiple CV risk factors. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) predominated (38%, p<0.001). Only 10% of octogenarians with ACS underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the majority being STEMI patients (17.5%; p<0.05). More than 80% were prescribed aspirin (91.3%) either alone or combined, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (83.3%), anticoagulants (89.7%) and statins (89.6%), while less than half were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (47.6%) and beta-blocker (43.0%). From 2008 until 2017, there were positive increments in cardiovascular intervention and pharmacotherapies. Men were more likely to receive PCI than women (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.698; 95%CI: 0.490-0.993). Those with NSTEMI (OR=0.402, 95% CI: 0.278-0.583) and unstable angina (UA) (OR=0.229, 95% CI: 0.143-0.366 were less likely to receive PCI but more likely to be given anticoagulants (NSTEMI, OR=1.543, 95% CI: 1.111-2.142; UA, OR=1.610, 95% CI: 1.120-2.314) than STEMI octogenarians. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities influences management. For example, those with congestive heart failure were more likely to be given PCI and evidence-based pharmacotherapies.Conclusion: Despite being the most vulnerable age group, octogenarians were conservatively treated with evidence-based treatment of ACS. As it is expected that the number of octogenarians with ACS will continue to increase thus the country needs to prepare to improve the management of this specific group of patients.
Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Carriage in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Broiler Chicken in the West Region of Cameroon: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Fonbah Leinyuy Jude , Ali Innocent Mbulli , Karimo Ousenu , Tume Christopher B.
Published: August 2021

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens of animal origin is a growing concern. In particular, antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae of clinical importance has been on the rise. Identifying and monitoring resistance patterns in residual intestinal microflora in poultry are of great significance in the containment of antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to detect Enterobacteriaceae among broiler chicken and determine key antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates from poultry chicken in the West Region of Cameroon.Results: 275 cloacal swabs were collected from 28 poultry farms in 11 locations in 5 out of the 8 Divisions in the West Region. All samples tested positive for Enterobacteriaceae with an average of 3 different colonies per sample. 394 isolates were obtained belonging to 12 different Genera of Enterobacteriaceae distributed as 81 (20.56 %) Escherichia spp, 74 (18.78 %) Salmonella spp, 39 (9.90 %) Klebsiella spp, 38 (9.64 %) Proteus spp, 34 (8.63 %) Citrobacter spp, 31 (7.87 %) Enterobacter spp, 28 (7.87%) Providencia spp, 19 (4.82%) Hafnia spp, 15 (3.30 %) Shigella spp, 14 (3.55 %) Raoultella spp, 13 (3.30 %) Yersinia spp and 8 (1.78 %) Morgenella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates showed the following overall resistance to the various antibiotics tested: amoxicillin 345 (87.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 227 (57.8%), ceftriaxone 79 (20.1%), cefotaxime 65 (16.5%), imipenem 16 (4.1%), gentamicin 58 (14.5%), amikacin 12 (3.1%), ciprofloxacin 142 (37.1%), levofloxacin 124 (33.1%) and doxycycline 380 (96.7). 217 (55.1 %) were resistant to at least one antibiotic class of choice against Enterobacteriaceae, 80 (20.3 %) resistant to at least one cephalosporin, 164 (41.62 %) resistant to at least one quinolone and 66 (16.75 %) resistant to at least one aminoglycoside.173 (44.0%) showed MDR and 84 (21.32 %) were ESBL producers. Poor sanitation increased Enterobacteriaceae carriage, antibiotic misuse and long periods of rearing increased the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, MDR and ESBL production. Conclusion: Poor sanitation in poultries caused high Enterobacteriaceae carriage in subjects. This high co-infection coupled with antibiotic abuse caused high prevalence of resistance, MDR and ESBL production. These outcomes showed relatively uniform distribution across the area of study.
A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Medical and Pharmacy Students Regarding Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Toward Self-Medication in Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Alduraibi Razan Khalid , altowayan Waleed mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background: Self-Medication (SM) is common practice worldwide in both developed and developing countries. SM is referred as self consuming of medication without consulting a physician for either diagnosis or treatment. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward SM among medical and pharmacy students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and pharmacy students in Qassim university, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2020-2021.Multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit students. The data were collected through questionnaire.Results: Three hundred and sixteen of 342 students were recruited. This study showed that the majority (94.6%) of students had good knowledge of self-medication. Additionally, the following characteristics were significantly associated with good knowledge: being female, and Pharmacy students. Overall mean score for the attitudes towards self-medication shows that 58.4% of the total sample had high agreements towards the questions of the attitudes toward self-medication. More than half (63.9%) of the students reported that they practice self- medication in the last 6 months. Pain killers was the most common medication used for self- medication by the majority of the students (88.29%). The majority (77.8%) of respondents reported that they feel confident about the use of self-medication. Conclusions: In conclusion, students' knowledge of self-medication appears to be good and significantly high among pharmacy students in comparison to medical students. Therefor, medical and pharmacy students should be viewed as important contributors to the public health care system, and future health professionals should be properly educated on good pharmacy practice and responsible self-medication.Trial registration: Not applicable
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associated Risk Factors of Wrist Fractures in Americans Above 50: the Cross-sectional NHANES Study
Authors: Ye Juncai , Li Qiao , Nie Jing
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWrist fractures, also known as distal radius fractures, are the most common fractures occurred in the upper limb. This study is conducted in the purpose of evaluating the prevalence, characteristics, and associated factors of wrist fractures in Americans that aged 50 and above.MethodsData of Americans aged 50 or above from the year 2013 to 2014 and 2017 to 2018 in NHANES was extracted and analyzed. Based on orthopedist's diagnosis, we further conducted surveys to determine the condition of wrist fractures, and collected relevant epidemiological and demographic data. The prevalence of wrist fractures and other statistics were calculated to study population characteristics and analyze potential risk factors associated with wrist fractures.ResultsThe prevalence of wrist fractures among Americans whose age was 50 or above was 12%, with similar results between men and women patients (male 12.8 % vs female 11.4 %, P = 0.267). Male and female Americans’ first wrist fracture occurred at a mean age of 29.4. 17.8% of Americans aged 50 and above had experienced two fractures, while 1.7% of Americans even experienced four or more fractures. The top two causes of the first fracture were falling down from standing height (56%) and violent falls (34.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7-2.9), excessive drinking (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4), smoking (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.1), prednisolone administration (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) and obesity (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9) were independently associated with wrist fractures. Gender was not an independent risk factor associated with wrist fractures.ConclusionsThe prevalence of wrist fractures in Americans aged 50 and above was 12 %. The prevalence was similar between male and female patients. Falling from a standing height was the main cause of the first wrist fracture. Osteoporosis, excessive drinking, smoking and prednisolone administration were risk factors of wrist fractures, while obesity was negatively correlated.
Evaluation of Auto-Planning in VMAT for Locally Advaced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Jihong Chen , Kaiqiang Chen , Yitao Dai , Xiuchun Zhang , Yanyu Chen , penggang Bai
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of Auto-Planning module for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 22 patients with locally advanced NPC were enrolled in this study. For each patient, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were generated manually by an experienced physicist and automatically by the Auto-Planning module. The dose distribution, dosimetric parameters, monitor units and planning time were compared between automatic plans (APs) and manual plans (MPs). Meanwhile, the overall stage of disease was factored into the evaluation. The targets dose coverage of APs was similar to that of MPs. For most of the organs at risk (OARs) except spial cord, the dose parameters of APs were superior to that of MPs. The Dmax and V50 of brain-stem were statistically decreased by 1.0 Gy and 1.32% respectively, while the Dmax of optic nerves and optic chiasm were also lower in the APs (both P < 0.05). APs provide a similar or superior plan quality to MPs in most cases, except for several patients with stage IV. The dose differences for most OARs were similar between the two types of plans and independent of the overall stage. Nevertheless, the APs provided better brain-stem sparing in patients with stage III, while better the parotid glands sparing in patients with stage IV. Moreover, the monitor units and planning time were significantly decreased in the APs. In general, Auto-Planning was a potential technology on the implementation of VMAT treatment planning for locally advanced NPC.
Effects of the shed skin aqueous extract of the non-poisonous snake, Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) on the development of the ovotestis of Onchidium tigrinum (Stoliczka 1869) (Systellommatophora: Eupulmonata: Gastropoda)
Authors: ROY SOUMEN , Ghosh Saumita , Ghorai Narayan , Saha Samir , Dasgupta Subir , Chaki Korak Kanti
Published: August 2021

The snake shed skin has long been used in folk as ethnomedicine for the treatment of various therapeutic purposes. The present study investigates the effects of the shed skin aqueous extract (SSAE) of the nonpoisonous snake Ptyas mucosus on the development of the ovotestis of the hermaphrodite slug, Onchidium tigrinum. The ovotestis consists of numerous ovoid-shaped acini, include both spermatogenesis and oogenesis. It is observed that the nonpoisonous SSAE has some significant detrimental effects on the gametogenesis of the slug only on direct contact into the body fluid of the individuals, otherwise, the SSAE has no significant harmful effect on the ovotestis constituents. The most noticeable pathological effects in spermatogenesis are - the arrangement of developing sperm bundles and their typical twisting pattern have deteriorated, the head of the sperm become a small bead-like structure, the pyramidal development of the spermatogenic cells is lower in number in the acini. On the other hand, the oocyte lost its basal integrity with the acinar boundary. The oolemma of the oocytes becomes irregularly shrank. Some small ooplasmic blebbing have commonly been found near the oolemma. The cell membrane of most of the cells in the acini has been damaged and several bare nuclei have frequently been observed in the acinar space. The somatic cells such as Sertoli cells, follicle cells, etc. in the acini appeared as the cellular remnants. It advocates that the SSAE has more detrimental effects on the oogenic cells than that of the spermatogenic cells in the mollusc.
Health Expenditure, Institutions, and Economic Growth: Insights From Selected MENA Countries
Authors: Faruk Bashir Umar , Haque Mohammad Imdadul , Tausif Mohammad Rumzi , Khan Md Riyazuddin
Published: August 2021

Health expenditure plays an important role in nation-building. Moreover, the current wave of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of health investments in maintaining a healthier economy across the world. Quite a significant number of empirical research undertaken on the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth produce mixed results. The study plans to study the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth and the role of institutions in causing health expenditure to promote growth. The study analyses this relationship using the case of seven selected MENA countries between 2000 and 2017. The Pedroni cointegration test reports a long-run cointegrating relationship between the variables. However, the Granger Causality test finds no casual relationships between health expenditure and economic growth. The study further applies panel OLS, FMOLS, and DOLS, and the result from all three models shows that health expenditure does not directly contribute to higher economic growth in the MENA countries. The study argues that this is possibly due to inadequate institutional quality. However, it is understandable that there must be indirect effects of health expenditure on economic growth through better human capital. Finally, the study discusses policy options to improve institutional quality indicators to tap the benefits and contribute positively to economic growth in the region.
Mechanism of Hip Arthropathy in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Abnormal Myeloperoxidase
Authors: Yu Chaojie , Liu Chong , Liang Tuo , Liao Shian , Chen Liyi , Huang Risheng , Sun Xunhua , Ye Zhen , Guo Hao , Yao Yuanli , Zhan Xinli , Zhao Jinmin
Published: August 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammation of the joints and spine. Its pathogenesis has not been elucidated, especially involving hip joint disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the proteome of diseased hip in AS and to identify key protein biomarkers. We used label-free quantification combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to screen for differentially expressed proteins in hip ligament samples between AS and No-AS groups. Key protein was screened by Bioinformatics methods and verified by in vitro experiments. There were 3755 identified proteins, of which 92.916% were quantified. 193 DEPs (49 up-regulated proteins and 144 down-regulated proteins) were identified according to P < 0.01 and Log|FC| > 1. DEPs were mainly involved in cell compartment, including the vacuolar lumen, azurophil granule,primary lysosome, etc. The main KEGG pathway included Phagosome, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Lysine degradation, Pentose phosphate pathway. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was identified as a key protein participated in Phagosome pathway, which induces hip lesions in ankylosing spondylitis. Further experiments confirmed that MPO promoted the inflammatory response of fibroblasts in AS-affected hip joint.
Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Heeje , Kang Minah , Yoon Sangchul , Park Kee B.
Published: August 2021

Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.