bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Indoor Residual Spraying with Bendiocarb and Pirimiphos-methyl on Allelic Frequencies of kdr and ACE-1 Mutations in Central Senegal
Authors: Diouf El Hadji , Senghor Massila Wagué , Sy Mamadou Demba , Ndiaye Assane , Konaté Abdoulaye , Niang Omar , Faye Ousmane , Dia Ibrahima , Niang El Hadji Amadou , Konaté Lassana
Published: May 2024

The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been the primary vector control strategy in Senegal since 2007, significantly reducing the burden of malaria. However, the emergence of vector resistance to insecticides poses a serious threat to the effectiveness of these strategies. This study aimed to assess susceptibility, spatio-temporal variations and, the impact of IRS using bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl on allele frequencies and resistant genotype of kdr and Ace-1 in An. gambae s.l. in IRS and control zones in central Senegal between 2013 and 2014. Larvae of An. gambiae s.l. were collected from four IRS and two control districts in central Senegal. Adult females obtained from these collections were exposed to paper impregnated with pyrethroids, DDT, dieldrin, bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl over a two-year period. Specific identification of An. gambiae complex and the research into insecticide resistance markers were conducted using PCR. The species identified were characterized by investigating kdr mutations (Vsgc-1014F and Vsgc-1014S) and Ace-1 mutations. Susceptibility tests showed resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in at least three of the four IRS districts, while control districts exhibited resistance or suspected resistance to these insecticides. Resistance to DDT and dieldrin was detected in all districts. However, susceptibility to bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl was observed in all An. gambiae s.l. populations in IRS districts. Identification of the An. gambiae complex revealed the presence of three species (An. arabiensis, An. gambiae s.s., and An. coluzzii) and hybrids. An. arabiensis populations collected from IRS areas exhibited significantly lower allele 1014F frequencies but significantly higher allele frequencies compared to those from control areas. The effects of IRS use with bendiocarb and pirimiphos methyl on allele frequencies were evident over the two-year period. This study suggests that IRS using bendiocarb and pirimiphos methyl may result in shifts in vector populations less likely to carry kdr mutations, potentially reducing the frequency of alleles 1014F and 1014S.
Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of the Late Paleocene Shales from Gamba Formation, Sokoto Basin, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Ogbesejana Abiodun B. , Muaz Lawal Aminu , Gobirawa Nasiru Sani , Radda Faisal Dahiru , Akinyemi Segun A. , Areguamen Omole Isaac , Akintade Oluwadurotimi O. , Adeleye Adebayo Mathew , Bello Oluwasesan M. , Egwu Augustine C. , Yandoka Babangida M. Sarki
Published: May 2024

Trace elements and major oxides geochemistry has gained global attention because of their potentials as provenance, tectonic settings, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions indicators in geological materials. Until now, there has been a lack of extensive focus on the detailed analysis of major, trace, and rare earth elements in the shales of the Sokoto basin, particularly within the Gamba Formation of the basin. Therefore, the present investigation delved into the geochemical importance of trace elements and major oxides constituents in the shales taken from the Gamba Formation, situated in the Sokoto basin. This was achieved through the utilization of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and statistical methodologies, all considered within the framework of provenance, tectonic environments, and conditions of deposition. Alkali metals and alkali-earth metal elements, Na, K, Ca, and Mg occurred in very high concentrations in the shale samples while U has the lowest values, indicating the detritus derived from various provenances (felsic and mafic) and reducing conditions of the environment. Among the rare earth elements detected in the shales, light rare earth elements showed enriched concentrations compared to heavy rare earth elements, indicating anoxic conditions. Among the major oxides identified, the shales exhibit elevated levels of SiO2, with Fe2O3 greater than Al2O3; whereas the remaining oxides demonstrate relatively low concentrations. This suggests that shales are predominantly constituted of quartz minerals and were formed in marine settings. Moreover, the distribution patterns of the trace elements and major oxides showed striking similarities on the spider diagrams of UCC and PAAS. The ratios derived from both the trace elements and major oxides, along with the discrimination diagrams, indicated that the shales consist of mafic and felsic detritus. They were likely deposited under varying conditions, such as anoxic and oxic, in close proximity to the passive margin and continental island arc. These conclusions were further corroborated by the multivariate statistical analyses conducted on the elemental dataset. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of trace elements and major oxides geochemistry in assessing the origin, tectonic setting, and paleoenvironments of shales.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer in the Latin America and Caribbean Region: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lovell Laura , Campbell Michael , Adams O. Peter , Greaves Natalie
Published: May 2024

Background Increasing diabetes burden within the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region will inevitably increase the rates of diabetes-related complications such as diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). Data concerning diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region is sparse, and no comprehensive study of empirical findings has been disseminated. The current study reviews existing literature to summarize findings for epidemiology and disease burden of DFU in the LAC region and identify current knowledge gaps.Methods A systematized search of peer-reviewed literature published between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2023, was conducted in five databases (EMBASE, PUBMED, EBSCO, DART, and CARPHAS) using initial and expanded search strategies. Only studies with full text in English were included and two researchers (LL and NG) independently, reviewed the retrieved references extracting relevant studies by titles and then abstract with subsequent discussion of any differences. Potentially eligible studies were retrieved as full text, reviewed and study quality commented according to critical appraisal guidelines. Key thematic information from the review was extracted and is presented here as a brief narrative summary supported by contextual data from other peer-reviewed literature.Results Our search resulted in twenty-one studies fitting the selection criteria that were identified from four Caribbean countries (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago) and eight Latin American countries of (Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru). Diabetic foot ulcer prevalence ranged from 2.8–14.7%, with identified outcomes of lower extremity amputation associated with infection and poor glycemic control. Risk factors for DFU identified included increased diabetes duration, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and neuroischaemic foot.Conclusions This paper highlighted the lack of studies on DFU incidence, prevalence and outcomes within the LAC region which is insufficient to inform health policy for the region.
Perinatal Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders: Are Future U.S. Obstetric Physicians Being Trained to Address the Most Common Complications of Pregnancy?
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Trubiano Jordan P. , Qendro Isabella , Leung Katherine , Callaghan Katherine M. , Kumaraswami Tara , Clark Melissa A , Byatt Nancy , Simas Tiffany A. Moore Moore
Published: May 2024

Background/Objective:
Perinatal mental health conditions and substance use disorders are the most common complications of pregnancy and the leading cause of overall and preventable maternal mortality. These conditions remain under-detected and under-treated. Both the Council on Resident Education in Ob/Gyn and the American Academy of Family Physicians expect graduating residents to be competent at diagnosing and treating perinatal mental health and substance use disorders. This study surveyed contemporary obstetric trainees to understand training modalities being utilized and confidence addressing steps in the perinatal mental health care pathway to understand current state, unmet needs, and educational opportunities.
Methods:
Web-based cross-sectional anonymous survey developed and distributed via Qualtrix in October 2019 to Ob/Gyn and Family Medicine (FM) residents in U.S. programs accredited by the Accreditation Committee of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME; 282 Ob/Gyn, 455 FM, and 93 MFM programs). Respondents self-reported exposure to 8 modes of training and separately, their confidence addressing perinatal mental health and substance use disorders on 6-point Likert scales.
Results:
Total respondents (n=125) included 69.6% Ob/Gyn and 30.4% FM trainees representing all U.S. regions. For both perinatal mental health and substance use disorders the majority (75% and 68% respectively) trained via didactic sessions. Most respondents felt at least moderate confidence detecting, assessing, and treating both depression and anxiety (82% and 72% respectively). A majority reported at least moderate confidence in determining when to refer for therapy (81%), when and how to start medications for depression and anxiety (67%). In general, smaller proportions were calculated across the pathway for substance use disorders. The majority responded they should have ‘more’ or ‘a lot more’ training in depression and anxiety disorders (78% Ob/Gyn, 61% FM) and substance use disorder (91% Ob/Gyn, 79% FM).
Conclusions:
To make significant progress in increasing detection, assessment, and treatment access for perinatal mental health and substance use disorders, the next generation of clinicians need more training and greater confidence in their abilities. Graduate medical education for obstetric clinicians has a critical opportunity to address perinatal mental health and substance use disorders and thus improve intergenerational outcomes and decrease maternal morbidity and mortality.
Association of Physical Symptoms with Accelerometer-Measured Movement Behaviors and Functional Capacity in Individuals with Long COVID: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study
Authors: Rosa-Souza Francisco José , Freire Yuri Alberto , Galliano Leony Morgana , Dalton-Alves Francisco , Pinto Júlio Cesar Barbosa de Lima , Godtsfriedt Carla Elane Silva , Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti , Gerage Aline Mendes , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Costa Eduardo Caldas
Published: May 2024

Long COVID has been linked to a decline in physical activity and functional capacity. However, it remains unclear which physical symptoms are associated with specific aspects of movement behaviors and functional capacity. Here we aim to investigate the associations of fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, and myalgia with movement behaviors and functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID. An exploratory cross-sectional multicenter study was accomplished with individuals aged 18–75 years with Long COVID. Questionnaires were utilized to assess fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, and myalgia. Accelerometry was employed for one week to assess sedentary time, steps per day, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The six-minute walk test, 30-s chair stand test, and timed up and go were employed to assess functional capacity. A functional score was calculated by aggregating the results of all tests through Z score. 102 community-dwelling had been living with Long COVID for 15 ± 10 months. Fatigue and post-exertional malaise showed a negative association with step count, while post-exertional malaise was also negatively associated with MVPA. Dyspnea showed a negative association with the functional score. Our findings suggest fatigue and post-exertional malaise were negatively associated with physical activity, while dyspnea showed a negative association with functional capacity.
Neuronal downregulation of PLCG2 impairs synaptic function and elicits Alzheimer disease hallmarks
Authors: Lambert Jean-Charles , Coulon Audrey , Rabiller Florian , Takalo Mari , Roy Avishek , Martiskainen Henna , Siedlecki-Wullich Dolores , Mendes Tiago , Lemeu Celia , carvalho lukas-iohan , erhardt anael , de Farias Ana Melo , Hulsman Marc , najdek chloe , lannette-Weimann Nina , Freire-Regatillo Alejandra , Amouyel Philippe , Charbonnier Camille , Dols-Icardo Oriol , jeskanen heli , willman roosa-maria , kuulasmaa teemu , Kurki Mitja , Hardy John , Heikkinen Sami , Holstege Henne , makinen petra , Nicolas Gael , Mead Simon , Wagner Michael , Ramirez Alfredo , Rauramaa Tuomas , Palotie Aarno , Sims Rebecca , Soininen Hilkka , Swieten John van , Williams Julie , Bellenguez Céline , Grenier-Boley Benjamin , gelle carla , lambert erwan , ayral anne-marie , Delmiautte Florie , costa marcos , deforges severine , Kilinc Devrim , mulle christophe , Chapuis Julien , Hiltunen Mikko , dumont julie
Published: May 2024

We developed a high content screening to investigate how Alzheimer disease (AD) genetic risk factors may impair synaptic mechanisms in rat primary neuronal cultures. Out of the gene targets identified, we found that shRNA-mediated downregulation of Plcg2 in mouse dentate gyrus neurons consistently impaired dendritic morphology and synaptic function. In human neuronal cultures (hNCs), PLCG2 downregulation also impaired synaptic function and was associated with increased levels of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation, potentially via the AKT/GSK3β axis. Very rare PLCG2 loss-of-functon(LoF) variants were associated with a 10-fold increased AD risk. PLCG2 LoF carriers exhibit low mRNA/protein PLCG2/PLCγ2 levels, consistent with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay mechanisms. Restoring PLCγ2 levels in shPLCG2-hNCs fully reversed the disease-related phenotypes. Our findings indicate that the downregulation of PLCγ2 increases the risk of AD by impairing synaptic function and increasing the levels of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation in neurons.
The Modulatory Influence of Humic Acid on Cognitive Impairment and Neurobehavioral Changes Induced by Colitis in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Omolaso Blessing Oluwagbamila , Ogunmiluyi Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer , Adeniran Adeoti Gbemisola , Adesanwo Julius Kayode , Akinlaja Divine Olanrewaju
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is regarded as a chronic inflammatory disorder that involves any part of the colon. It typically presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, rectal urgency, and comorbid neuropsychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Different drugs are used in the management of ulcerative colitis, including medicinal plants and other substances from organic sources. This study was conducted to investigate the role of humic acid in attenuating neurobehavioral disorders caused by Dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats.
Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into groups (n = 5). Group 1[control group]; group 2 [5% Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) without any additional treatment]; group 3 [5% DSS followed by administration of humic acid (30 mg/kg)]; group 4 [5% DSS followed by administration of sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg)].
Behavioral patterns of the rats were assessed pre-colitis induction, immediately after colitis induction on day 5, and immediately after drug treatment of ulcerative colitis (post-treatment). The disease activity index for colitis was obtained on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 of the experimental duration. Thereafter, the colons were harvested for macroscopic assessment of colitis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05.
Results:Findings revealed that treatment with humic acid significantly attenuated anxiety, depression-like behavior, and cognitive impairment triggered by colitis, with via modulations on the brain enzymatic antioxidants and neurochemicals.
Conclusion:This study shows that humic acid treatment suppresses colitis-induced changes in neurobehavioral patterns and have neuroprotective effects in addition to its gastroprotective properties.
CA125 serum levels in BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variant carriers as an ovarian cancer screening tool– a longitudinal study
Authors: Feld Dana Mdorsky , Laitman Yael , Albagli Dana , Korach Jacob , Friedman Eitan
Published: May 2024

BRCA1/BRCA2 female pathogenic sequence variant (PSV) carriers in Israel are offered semiannual CA125 serum level determination and transvaginal ultrasound, until risk reducing salpingooophorectomy (RRSO). The value of longitudinal CA125 measurements in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers as a tool for ovarian cancer detection is reported herein. Asymptomatic BRCA1/BRCA2 PSV carriers attending the Meirav high risk clinic for > 3 years were eligible. Data on specific PSV, risk reducing surgeries, and cancer diagnoses were obtained from participants' records. Statistical analyses employed χ2 and Wilcoxon-Rank tests. Overall, 739 (399 BRCA1, 336 BRCA2, 4 BRCA1 + BRCA2) PSV carriers were included. Mean age at the start of follow up was 38.96 ± 11.13 years, mean follow up time was 7.93 ± 2.34 years, (5860.80 women/years). Most participants (490/739 − 66.3%) had stable CA125 levels (± 5 U/µl). Of participants, 61 had CA125 levels > 35 U/µl at least twice (n = 42) or at least doubling of marker levels to a minimum of 20 U/µl (n = 19), results that have led to further cancer defining investigations. Of these, 14 and 4 were diagnosed with breast and ovarian cancer, respectively. In conclusion, longitudinally stable CA125 levels were noted in most BRCA1/BRCA2 PSV carriers, elevated levels were a poor marker for ovarian cancer development. .
Enhanced Neural Network Metaheuristic Approach for Optimizing Virtual Machine Deployment in Cloud Data Centers
Authors: Salehi Marziehsadat , Fartash Mehdi , Torkestani Javad Akbari
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the optimization of virtual machine placement (VMP) in cloud data centers has emerged as a crucial and complex challenge, garnering considerable attention from researchers. Due to its NP-Hard nature, metaheuristic algorithms have become a popular approach in addressing this problem. These algorithms typically initiate with the random generation of initial solutions, which are then iteratively refined using specific operators to find the optimal solution. Among these algorithms, the Neural Network Algorithm (NNA) stands out as a promising swarm optimization technique known for its strong global search capability, making it well-suited for tackling various intricate optimization tasks. However, NNA often suffers from slow convergence due to its limited exploitation capability, thereby hindering its practical utility in optimization problem-solving. To address this limitation, this study proposes an approach to enhance the convergence speed of NNA while achieving a better balance between exploitation and exploration. Specifically, we adopt a heuristic algorithm to generate initial solutions in a more suitable and less random manner for the VMP problem. Additionally, the search operators of the algorithm are optimized using Cauchy and Lévy distributions. We evaluate the performance of the Improved Biogeography-based Neural Network Algorithm (IBNNA) on synthetic datasets of varying dimensions and compare the results with existing similar algorithms in the literature. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of physical machine utilization, convergence rate, and power consumption across most experimental scenarios.
Purchase Intention Model for Hospital Services Based on Islamic Sharia Value in Makassar City
Authors: Anggraeni Rini , Sari Nurmala , Widaningsih Yuyun
Published: May 2024

Background
As a Muslim-majority country, Indonesia has seen an increasing demand for products or services influenced by Islamic values. People want different services and follow the principles they adhere to, including health services. Hospitals with Islamic Sharia Value services are necessary for the Muslim community in Indonesia. However, the number of hospitals, especially those with services according to Islamic Sharia values, is still not widely found. This study aims to develop a purchase intention model for hospital services based on Islamic sharia values in Makassar City. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, especially in Makassar City.
Methods
This research is explanatory, using descriptive survey and explanatory survey methods. Data collection was done cross-sectionally. The sample was determined based on the entire city's population using simple random sampling, which amounted to 970 samples. Data analysis using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling.
Results
The results showed that there are four dimensions forming purchase intention, namely transactional value, preferential value, referential value, and exploratory value. There is a significant direct influence on quality value, economic value, emotional value, social value, and Bugis and Makassar cultural values that form consumer value. There is a significant direct influence on Islamic Facilities, Islamic Medical Services, Islamic Support Services, and Islamic Financing that form Islamic Attributes. There is a significant direct effect of perceived value indicators on purchase intention. Trust has no direct effect on purchase intention. Combining the Islamic Sharia value-based purchase intention model can predict people's buying behaviour and become a new nuance in understanding people's desires for health services, especially in Makassar City.
Conclusions
This study concludes that combining the purchase intention model based on Islamic Sharia values can predict people's buying behaviour and become a new nuance in understanding people's desires for health services, especially in Makassar City. It is recommended that the MUKISI Institution build a network with PERSI to hasten the implementation of Sharia services as a preliminary assessment of Sharia Hospital accreditation.
Folate-targeted albumin modified silica-gelatin hybrid nanocarrier. Synthesis and release characterization
Authors: Niazi Zahra , Ashjari Mohsen
Published: May 2024

A novel hybrid of BSA-folate modified silica-gelatin nanocarrier with surface area of about 422 m2/g was designed in the current study and loaded by fluorouracil with 70 % entrapment efficiency. The nanocarrier was evaluated in terms of pH-sensitive release behavior in simulated acidic condition of cancer tissue (pH=5.), and the normal physiological condition of the body (pH=7.4) for 96 h. In vitro drug release from nanocarriers indicated a partial burst release in the early times (34 and 21 % after 12 h in acidic and neutral media), which was followed by a sustained and gradual release profile until 96 h. In addition, an enhanced drug release was observed at acidic pH (65 % after 96 h) compared to natural medium (42 % after 96 h), confirming the pH-responsive behavior of the developed nanocarrier. The MTT assay showed low toxicity of drug-free carrier against normal HDF fibroblast, and the OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. These outcomes support the proper function of designed hybrid nanocarrier in targeted drug delivery.
GASE: Graph Attention Sampling with Edges Fusion for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Bai Ruibin , Khan Fazlullah , Ozcan Ender , Zhang Tiehua
Published: May 2024

Learning-based methods have become increasingly popular for solving vehicle routing problems due to their near-optimal performance and fast inference speed. Among them, the combination of deep reinforcement learning and graph representation allows for the abstraction of node topology structures and features in an encoder-decoder style. Such an approach makes it possible to solve routing problems end-to-end without needing complicated heuristic operators designed by domain experts. Existing research studies have been focusing on novel encoding and decoding structures via various neural network models to enhance the node embedding representation. Despite the sophisticated approaches applied, there is a noticeable lack of consideration for the graph-theoretic properties inherent to routing problems. Moreover, the potential ramifications of inter-nodal interactions on the decision-making efficacy of the models have not been adequately explored. To bridge this gap, we propose an adaptive Graph Attention Sampling with the Edges Fusion framework (GASE), where nodes' embedding is determined through attention calculation from certain highly correlated neighbourhoods and edges, utilizing a filtered adjacency matrix. In detail, the selections of particular neighbours and adjacency edges are led by a multi-head attention mechanism, contributing directly to the message passing and node embedding in graph attention sampling networks. Furthermore, we incorporate an adaptive actor-critic algorithm with policy improvements to expedite the training convergence. We then conduct comprehensive experiments against baseline methods on learning-based VRP tasks from different perspectives. Our proposed model outperforms the existing methods by 2.08%-6.23% and shows stronger generalization ability, achieving state-of-the-art performance on randomly generated instances and real-world datasets.
Predictive metabolomics of pearl millet phenotypic traits using a germplasm panel of genetic diversity
Authors: Pimentel Mariana Pinheiro Costa , Passos Alexandre Martins Abdão dos , Prigent Sylvain , Cassan Cédric , Tardin Flavio Dessaune , Ferreira Mariana Simões Larraz , Pétriacq Pierre , Santos Millena Barros
Published: May 2024

Introduction Pearl millet, dubbed a “Nutri-cereal”, has a high content of protein, starch, fiber, mineral and fatty acids. Its resilience in adverse agro-climatic conditions sets it apart from major cereals. Despite this, understanding how its genetic diversity affects physiological traits and metabolic responses remains limited. Predictive metabolomics, merging metabolomics with artificial intelligence, allows for the comprehensive top-down modelling —from phenotype to the mechanism— of various phenotypic traits.Objectives To discover predictive biomarkers for phenotypic traits in the Brazilian germplasm core collection of 203 genotypes of pearl millet through the combination of predictive metabolomics with machine learning.Methods Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS to obtain metabolite profiles, from the central and specialised metabolism of the pearl millet core collection. Generalised linear modelling with penalisation (GLMNET) was applied to explore the correlation between metabolism and phenotypic traits.Results Our model successfully predicted eight qualitative traits from the pearl millet core collection, with accuracy ranging between 74% and 87%. From, 834 potential unique biomarkers (575 annotated-ion features and 259 unknowns) have been annotated as top metabolic predictors. It is noteworthy that the majority of the top metabolic predictors were from the carbohydrate, amino acid, flavonoid, and terpene subclasses.Conclusions This is the first report on leveraging a germplasm bank of pearl millet for metabolome characterisation and subsequent predictive modelling of important agronomic traits. These outcomes hint at the robustness of employing GLMNET for predicting metabolic biomarkers crucial in selecting genotypes for future breeding programmes.
Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cooper Andrew , Zhao Wei , Luo Liang , Cong Muyu , Liu Xueyan , Zhang Zhiyun , Bahri Mounib , Li Boyu , Yang Jing , Yu Miaojie , Liu Lunjie , Xia Yu , Browning Nigel , Zhu Wei-Hong , Zhang Weiwei
Published: May 2024

Nanosizing confers unique functions in materials such as graphene and quantum dots. Here, we present two nanoscale-covalent organic frameworks (nano-COFs) that exhibit exceptionally high activity for photocatalytic hydrogen production that results from their size and morphology. Compared to bulk analogues, the downsizing of COFs crystals using surfactants provides greatly improved water dispersibility and light-harvesting properties. One of these nano-COFs, TFP-BpyD nano-COF, shows a hydrogen evolution rate of 392.0 mmol g− 1 h− 1, which is one of the highest mass-normalized rates reported for a COF or any other organic photocatalysts. A reverse concentration-dependent photocatalytic phenomenon was observed, whereby a higher photocatalytic activity was found at a lower catalyst concentration. These materials also show a molecule-like excitonic nature, as studied by photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, which is again a function of their nanoscale dimensions. This charts a new path to highly efficient organic photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
Factors Influencing English-Speaking Anxiety Among EFL Learners: A Case Study in Cambodian Higher Education
Authors: Sam Rany , Yoeng Hak , Tieng Morin , Chiv Sarith
Published: May 2024

It is undeniable that most EFL learners have experienced academic difficulty in learning English; most of them live in non-English-speaking countries that use English as a foreign language, for example, Cambodia. This study has two main purposes, including: (1) to investigate the factors that cause EFL learners’ speaking anxiety in their higher education institutions; and (2) to examine the influences of anxiety factors on EFL learners’ speaking anxiety. The research employed a quantitative research method by using purposive sampling; a self-reported questionnaire was administered to 381 English students among senior students who currently study at three universities. Based on the findings of this research, there are six factors that make them feel anxious in the English foreign language classroom: lack of knowledge, lack of self-confidence, lack of self-esteem, lack of class interaction, lack of practice, and poor listening compression. Based on the findings, the researcher provides some recommendations to solve students’ English-speaking anxiety as well as improve students’ learning strategies.
Clear Cell Carcinoma of Ovary: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rajput Kirti , Maheshwari Veena , Ahmed Murad , Usman Syeda Iqra , Sahu Shushant
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is morphologically divided into six types of epithelial ovarian tumors -serous, mucinous, endometrioid, brenner, clear cell and undifferentiated carcinoma. Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) represents 2-10% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. The median age of presentation is between 40 to 70 years with peak incidence at 52 yrs. We present a case of 25-year unmarried female who presented with complaints of polymenorrhagia and abdominal distension for past 3 months. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed complex mass with solid component seen in the left adnexal region measuring 15x12x10 cm. CT scan showed left sided adnexal cystic mass with solid mural component with thick internal septation. Imprint smear from Left ovary, showed singly scattered and clusters of cells with round to oval vesicular nuclei and scant amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Background showed cystic macrophages, mixed inflammatory infiltrate and hemorrhage, suggestive of a serous tumour. On gross examination, of left ovary a globular solid cystic mass measuring 15x12x6 cm was received. On microscopic examination, tumor cells were arranged in small sheets, glands and tubules separated by fibrous stroma. These were lined by clear and hobnail cells. The cells were cuboidal to columnar with abundant clear cytoplasm and eccentric nucleus. Immunohistochemistry showed EMA and PanCK positivity. Overall morphology and IHC favored a diagnosis of Clear cell carcinoma of left ovary. The tumor was graded as pT2bN0Mx. The patient was followed up postoperatively. CA-125 returned to normal levels during follow-up.
Study of Core Biopsies of the Prostate with Emphasis on Prostate Carcinoma Detection Rate, Its Quantification and Relation to Serum PSA Level
Authors: Kujur Asha Lata , Pant Vinita
Published: May 2024

Background
According to the national cancer registries, there has been a noteworthy increase in the incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer in India in recent years. Elevated serum PSA level has been found to show a strong correlation with prostate cancer in multiple studies conducted worldwide. The aim of this study was (i) to determine the percentage positivity of prostate biopsies sent to our centre and compare it with national and international data (ii) to assess the number and percentage area of TRUS cores involved by adenocarcinoma and its correlation with serum PSA levels and Gleason grade.
Material and methods
A retrospective study was done in our histopathology laboratory wherein, 130 TRUS-guided biopsies received in proper fixative from different hospitals and clinics during a period of one year from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021, were evaluated for histopathological diagnosis. Proper detailed history and indication for biopsy were provided along with the requisition form. Statistical analysis was carried out on the data.
Results
A total of 130 biopsy samples were included in the study. Out of which  76 were malignant (58.5 %) and 54 were benign (41.5 %). It was proven that with an increase in total serum PSA level, there was an increase in the involvement of the number of cores by the tumour. A significant correlation was seen between the total serum PSA levels and involvement of cores by more than 50 per cent of tumour, proven by ANOVA and the Fischer exact test. It was also noted that the tumour volume showed a strong correlation with the grade group in accordance with the Modified Gleason grading system.
Conclusion
Total serum PSA level in conjunction with quantification of tumour provides valuable information to the clinician regarding the spread of tumour within the gland as well as the severity of the disease.Malaria and Dengue fever are the two most common arthropod-borne diseases in tropical countries like India, and endemic areas like Mangalore. Since they share a similar clinical presentation, identifying the hematological parameters, can help differentiate between patients of malaria and dengue fever and can help with its prognosis and early treatment. This study aims to find a link between diagnostic markers that are used to discriminate between the infections, occuring in malaria-endemic areas, such as Mangalore, Karnataka.
Rare Spindle Cell Hemangioma of Bone: A Case Report
Authors: Patwardhan Leena , Sharma Sunita
Published: May 2024

Spindle cell haemangioma (SCH), a rare vascular tumour usually appears as a cutaneous nodule and subcutaneous nodules in the extremities in adults in 4 th and 5 th decades of life.  Its occurrence in bone and paediatric age group is extremely rare.  We report a case of SCH arising at the lateral condyle of femur in a 16 year old female. It is important to avoid misdiagnosis as these lesions are considered to be benign, non neoplastic reactive vascular proliferations, with moderate incidence of recurrence.
Rosai Dorfman Disease of Kidney: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Kushwaha Pritika , Khuraijam Bembem , Khurana Nita , Vindal Anubhav
Published: May 2024

Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) is a type of histiocytoses usually affecting the lymph nodes. Extranodal involvement by RDD can occur, although, infrequently. However, extranodal RDD without a prior history of the nodal variant of the disease is rare. Present case report highlights this rare occurrence. A 75 years old female presented with left renal mass with no significant previous medical or surgical history. PET-CT scan revealed two solid lobulated mass in the left kidney, suggesting Renal Cell Carcinoma. Radical nephrectomy was performed, which on histopathological examination showed features of RDD and was confirmed subsequently by immunohistochemical and special stains.
A Rare Case of Vaginal Enterobiasis
Authors: Singh Meghna
Published: May 2024

Enterobius vermicularis, also known commonly as pinworm is the most common intestinal parasite particularly in children. It is a nematode which mainly inhabits the ileocaecal region of intestine but can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract from stomach to anus. Ectopic enterobiasis is a rare entity with very few cases reported in literature. We report here a rare case of vaginal enterobiasis.
Assessment of the hydrochemical composition of groundwater and development of new operating scenarios for water supply (Tajikistan)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Viventsova Ekaterina A. , Ermakov Alexander V. ,   FGBUN Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2024

The main study task was dictated by the growth rate of water consumption, namely the development of new scenarios for the exploitation of groundwater for water supply purposes. The assessment of surface and groundwater quality in the area showed a tendency to increase mineralization, hardness, a number of chemical components (up to exceeding the limited concentration). Analysis and interpretation of long-term groundwater chemical data, as well as the intensity of surface runoff, within the study area, allowed us to identify anthropogenic influence on the amount of runoff. According to the results of the study, the growth of infiltration nutrition (due to the expansion of irrigation areas) is reflected into deterioration of groundwater quality. In addition, the existing water intakes are located within the city limits, which creates an additional threat of bacterial and organic pollution. The new scenarios of groundwater exploitation are based on the features of the hydrogeological section, the results of hydrochemical studies, the amount of groundwater reserves of individual aquifers, calculations of sanitary protection zones of water intakes. The Amwells module (ANSDIMAT software package) was used to estimate groundwater reserves, so an analytical model was created based on the actual material. Thus, an extremely demanded detailed characterization of the groundwater of the studied area was carried out, some of which are suitable for use as drinking water.
Children Portrait in Golden Age Spanish Painting: Iconographic Types, the Artistic Image Specificity, Development Stages
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Morozova Anna V. , Fedorenko Valentina Z. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Сenter of Research Institutes of the Russian Academy of Arts
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to children court portraits in the Spanish Art Golden Age. The Spanish children portrait has been unfairly overlooked by researchers. Meanwhile, its development visibly and vividly reveals the specifics of the Spanish art evolution. It also has a number of specific features that are absent in an adult portrait. The study of Philip II letters to his daughters reveals the closeness and warmth of relations in the Spanish royal family, and also shows the richness and diversity of the infantas activities. The images of fine art and the world of Philip letters to his daughters are “not congruent”, what clearly demonstrates the conventionality and canonicity of children representative images. The canon of representation helps to understand the modern didactic works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Luis Vives, Baldassare Castiglione. Children, and especially royal children, were trained from an early age for their adult roles. Accordingly, there was a rigid canon of representation. It turns out to be the strictest in the era of Philip II. It was then that the first children portraits of infantes appeared. Subsequently, the iconography of children portraits is diversified. Italian Sofonisba Anguissola brought a sense of transience and emotionality to the strict Spanish canon, what would be adopted by Diego Velazquez. In the XVII century second half, the feeling of the variability of life was replaced by baroque bravura, enriched with allegorical figures and royal attributes in the portrait of Carlos II child by Sebastián de Herrera Barnuevo. And in the 18th century first half under the Bourbons the strict Spanish iconography was complemented by bright rocaille colors and glorification in encrypted emblems.
Multimodal deixis in media discourse: Film vs TV interview narratives
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Kiose Maria I. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Moscow State Linguistic University,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Moscow State Linguistic University,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2024

The article explores two media discourse formats, film and TV interview as manifesting the specific distribution of two communicative modalities — speech and gesture — in the multimodal deixis of discourse space construal in narratives. To identify the attribution of speech and gesture to two media formats, the study contrasts the plot contents and viewer engagement as two major coordinates of discourse space in media. We hypothesize that since these two formats display differences in their plot content and viewer engagement characteristics, their distribution might affect the way the actors employ speech and gesture to present the discourse space. The research data are 20 film and TV interview narratives with 10 highly rated Russian actors (5 men and 5 women). The study exploits the method of multimodal analysis to determine the contingency patterns of discursive schemata presenting discourse space in speech and of discursive schemata presenting object of reference, move and frame of reference in deictic gesture. The results show that multimodal deixis contributes to intensifying both types of these characteristics. While multimodal deixis in film manifests the preference for metonymic pointing, placement indication and speech event construal; in TV interview, we observe the significant prevalence of metaphoric pointing, path indication and narrative event construal. Additionally, TV interviews display the speech schemata specifying information and accentuating the place of referent within the speech or narrative event. Overall, the study shows that there are two basic types of discourse characteristics which produce higher distinctions in multimodal deixis between film and TV interview formats; these are different narrative regimes and different combination of staged performance and spontaneity.
Antimalarial Drug Discovery from Natural and Synthetic Sources
Authors: Mohd Azam Nik Nur Solehah Fitri Nik , Othman Shatrah , Choo Yeun-Mun
Published: May 2024

Malaria remains a significant global health threat despite extensive efforts
aimed at its eradication. Numerous challenges persist in eliminating the disease, chief
among them being the parasite's ability to mutate, resulting in drug resistance. The discovery
of antimalarial drugs has relied on both phenotypic and target-based approaches.
While phenotypic screening has identified promising candidates, target-based methods
offer a more precise approach by leveraging chemically validated targets and computational
tools. Analysis of Plasmodium spp. protein structures reveal druggable targets, offering
opportunities for in silico screening. Combining compounds from natural and synthetic
sources in a target-based approach accelerates the discovery of new antimalarial
agents. This review explores previous breakthroughs in antimalarial drug discovery
from natural products and synthetic origins, emphasizing their specific target proteins
within Plasmodium species.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Evaluation, and Enzyme Inhibition Activity of a Novel Nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic Sulfonamide
Authors: Kong Jingyao , Zhang Xue , Xuan Guangshan
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Novel sulfonamides containing pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized,
and their inhibitory effects on six common pathogenic bacteria and COX-2 were investigated
to screen new sulfonamides antimicrobial agents and COX-2 inhibitors with better effects.

Methods:

The compounds with bacteriostatic effect were screened by using the ring of inhibition
method and MTT chromogenic method, and the mechanism of bacteriostatic inhibition and description
of bacteriostatic effect of the synthesized compounds were investigated with the aid of MOE
molecular docking simulation and Gaussian molecular weighting calculations. The in vitro inhibitory
effect of the synthesized compounds on COX-2 was studied using the phenylmethyl acetate color
development method.

Results:

The results of bacterial inhibition experiments revealed that compounds 11d and 11e had
better inhibition effects on pathogenic bacteria, especially on C. albicans, essentially the same as that
of the positive control, FLUCZ. The compounds 4f, 7b, and 11c had the best inhibitory effect by
COX-2 in vitro inhibition experiments, especially 11c, which had a better inhibitory effect than the
positive control acetazolamide.

Conclusion:

A series of derivatives obtained by introducing pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole ring into
sulfonamides have good bacteriostatic and COX-2 inhibition effects and have the potential to be
developed as novel antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors.
Awareness and Performance of Dentists Regarding Cardio-Vascular Diseases: A Report from Southeastern Iran
Authors: Kahnooji Masoomeh , Gisour Elham Farokh , Vahidi Firoozeh , Aliramezany Maryam
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Undoubtedly, managing patients with cardiovascular disease poses a significant challenge for dentists. It is imperative for dental practitioners to possess a comprehensive understanding and adhere to specific guidelines when treating such individuals.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the awareness and performance of dentists concerning cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional, analytical study involved the participation of 150 dentists from Kerman, Iran. An online questionnaire related to questions concerning cardiovascular diseases was used for data collection. The responses were collected electronically and entered into the SPSS software for analysis.

Results

Findings revealed a gender distribution of 46% male and 54% female, with an average participant age of 32.57 ± 8.44 years. The overall average awareness score of the study, standing at 51.58, did not show a statistically significant difference among the groups (p-value:0.0837). Conversely, the average performance score, totaling 38.38, showed a statistically significant difference among the three groups (P-value=0.028). Female participants notably displayed a markedly higher awareness score compared to their male counterparts. Age and work experience did not demonstrate any significant relationship with the variables examined in this study. The Pearson correlation coefficient between awareness and performance scores among the examined samples stood at r=0.164, implying a positive and significant correlation (p-value=0.045).

Conclusion

The findings from our study suggest that the awareness and performance levels of dentists in Kerman, Iran, pertaining to cardiovascular diseases, are deemed acceptable and desirable. However, it is prudent to advocate for ongoing attention and continuous training in this domain.
Quantum Dots-Based Nanostructures for Supercapacitors
Authors: Das Himadri Tanaya , Dutta Swapnamoy , Balaji T. Elango , Das Nigamananda
Published: May 2024

Recently, Quantum dot nanomaterials have been explored to a great extent
for their exciting properties. Their application as electrodes to produce clean energy
and hazardous chemical-free components of supercapacitors is the most interesting.
The quantum dot electrodes are found to offer high charge storage capacity as well as
stability that ultimately boosts their demand in advanced hybrid supercapacitors. This
chapter discusses the synthesis, physiochemical features, properties, and electrochemical performance of various quantum dots. Additionally, insights into their
electrochemical properties in different supercapacitors are illustrated. The best
operational parameters are highlighted to provide readers with the future scope of this
research area.