bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperature Gradients and Heat Source in a Combined Layer on Double Component-Magneto-Marangoni-Convection
Authors: Manjunatha N. , Sumithra R. , Alessa Nazek , Loganathan K. , Selvamani C. , Gyeltshen Sonam
Published: January 2023

The present paper has enormous applications including fields of crystal growth, material processing, spacecraft, underground spread of chemical contaminants, petroleum reservoirs, waste dispersal and fertilizer migration in saturated soil, alloy solidification, and many more. The importance of double-diffusive convection has been recognized in various engineering applications, and it has thoroughly been investigated theoretically. In the presence of a constant heat source/sink on both layers, the double component-magneto-Marangoni-convection in a composite layer is examined. Due to heat, this combined layer is enclosed by adiabatic boundaries and exposed to basic temperature gradients. For the system of ordinary differential equations, the thermal surface-tension-driven (Marangoni) number, which also happens to be the Eigenvalue, is solved in closed form. For basic temperature gradients, the eigenvalues, or thermal Marangoni numbers are determined in closed form for lower rigid and higher free boundaries with surface tension, depending on both temperature and concentration. The effect of several parameters on the eigenvalue against depth ratio was studied. It is observed that the inverted parabolic temperature gradient on double component magneto-Marangoni-convection in a combined layer is the most stable of the three temperature gradients and for larger values of depth ratios, all physical parameters are nominal for the porous region dominant combined system.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Hospitalized Patients and Healthcare Workers in Iran
Authors: Noshak Mohammad Ali , Ahangarzadeh Rezaee Mohammad , Hasani Alka , Mirzaii Mehdi , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Azimi Taher , Ebrahimi Maryam , Dolatyar Dehkharghani Alireza
Published: January 2023

Background. The present study is aimed at surveying the antibiotics resistance profile, biofilm formation ability, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in four teaching hospitals in Iran. Methods. In total, 43 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 12 Staphylococcus haemolyticus were isolated from hospitalized patients, and 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 7 Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from healthcare workers were included in the present study. The antimicrobial resistance profile of isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the resistance of isolates to methicillin was identified using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. The microtiter‐plate test was used for quantifying biofilm formation. Moreover, the frequency of icaA and icaD genes was determined using PCR assay. The molecular epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant isolates was determined using SCCmec typing and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis methods. Results. Among all coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolates, the highest resistance rate (81.5%) was seen for cefoxitin and cotrimoxazole. All of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Out of the 66 mecA‐positive isolates, the most common SCCmec type was the type I (n = 23; 34.8%) followed by type IV (n = 13; 19.7%). Using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assay, 27 PFGE types including 14 common types and 13 singletons were obtained among 51 methicillin‐resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates. Moreover, among 12 methicillin‐resistant S. haemolyticus (MRSH) isolates, 8 PFGE types were detected, of which 5 PFGE types were singletons. Conclusion. The high rate of resistance to antibiotics as well as the possibility of cross‐infection shows the importance of a pattern shift in the management and controlling programs of coagulase‐negative staphylococci, especially in healthcare centers. Clinical trial registration. The present study is not a clinical trial study. Thus, a registration number is not required.
Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Mediates the Association between Increased Age and Risk of Sarcopenia among Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jiang Jiahong , Zhang Ping , Zhou Zijun , Xu Zeru , Hu Xiang , Yu Weihui , Jiang Feifei , Pan Yang , Wang Fei , Hong Jing , Ye Tingting , Xu Ke , Zhu Hong
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims. Arterial stiffness and sarcopenia are commonly seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both are age-related diseases. However, few studies have addressed the causal relationship between age, arterial stiffness, and sarcopenia, especially in patients with T2DM. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship among age, arterial stiffness, and sarcopenia in patients with T2DM. Methods and Results. This cross-sectional study enrolled 557 inpatients with diabetes at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China, between June 2020 and July 2021. Patients who were diagnosed with T2DM and underwent examination of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip strength, 6-meter walk speed, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV, a recognized indicator of arterial stiffness) were enrolled. A total of 447 patients were included. A dose-dependent relationship was found between age and sarcopenia. We also found a dose-dependent relationship between age and baPWV. Similarly, significant dose-dependent relationships were found across baPWV tertiles with higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Then, a mediation analysis was performed to explore the mediation effect of arterial stiffness on age-associated sarcopenia. We found that the prevalence of sarcopenia increased by 0.0115 (95% CI, 0.0028–0.0239) per 1 year increase in age by the mediation effect of baPWV and that the direct effect of aging on sarcopenia was 0.0441 (95% CI, 0.0101–0.0909) per 1 year older. baPWV mediated 20.5% of the positive relationship between increased age and the prevalence of sarcopenia. Conclusions. Elevated baPWV partially mediates the association of age and sarcopenia among patients with T2DM.
Short‐Term Wind and Solar Power Prediction Based on Feature Selection and Improved Long‐ and Short‐Term Time‐Series Networks
Authors: Wang Hao , Fu Wenjie , Li Chong , Li Bing , Cheng Chao , Gong Zenghao , Hu Yinlong
Published: January 2023

In terms of the problems of high feature dimension and large data redundancy in the wind and solar power prediction method, an improved prediction model is proposed by combining feature selection methods with the long‐ and short‐term time‐series network (LSTNet). The long short‐term memory (LSTM) unit in the LSTNet model is replaced with the bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM), which enables recursive response training for the states of hidden layers at the start and end of the sequence. For feature selection, both feature screening and dimension reduction methods are considered, including random forest (RF), grey relational analysis (GRA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, based on wind and solar power data, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified, where the RF‐LSTNet performs the best. For wind power prediction, the mean absolute percentage error is reduced by 29.7% and root mean square error is reduced by 24.1% compared with the traditional LSTNet model, and for solar power prediction, the MAPE is reduced by 12.9% and RMSE is reduced by 3.8%.
Crop Loss and Damage by Primate Species in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Jaleta Mulu , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu
Published: January 2023

Crop damage is a major form of human-primate conflict that not only affects the livelihoods of farmers living close to forest areas but also threatens nonhuman primate conservation. This study aimed to investigate the causes of crop loss and foraging by nonhuman primates in southwest Ethiopia. For the purpose of gathering data, we used a questionnaire and direct observation. We employed simple random sampling techniques to select villages and respondents. From the nine selected villages, a total of 130 household samples were identified for the questionnaire. The primates responsible for crop damage were olive baboons and grivet monkeys. Maize, barley, teff, potatoes, sorghum, and other crops were among those foraged by the nonhuman primate species. Farmland close to the woodland boundary suffered more damage than farmland further away. The total amount of maize damaged by the olive baboons and grivet monkeys in the selected kebeles varied significantly. The majority of the respondents used guarding, and a few of them used scarecrows to protect crops from damage by primates. The highest crop damage occurred in the Atiro Tigre and Arigno Gefere villages, while the lowest occurred in the Sedecha villages. The flowering stage of the maize suffered the most, and the seedling stage suffered the least, from grivet monkeys foraging. The growth of crops that are less edible to nonhuman primates, especially on the forest edges, would lessen crop damage.
Application of EDG AOT Extension Based on the Risk-Informed Method in NPPs
Authors: Feng Yunxin , Hu Wei
Published: January 2023

At present, the allowed outage time (AOT) of an M310 unit emergency diesel generator (EDG) was 3 days, which can be extended to 14 days through replacement of additional diesel units; although it provides a certain online maintenance time, it cannot meet the needs of ten-years overhauls. In order to avoid stopping the reactor for maintenance of NPP due to insufficient of EDG AOT, based on risk-informed method analysis feasibility of extending AOT for EDG to 28 days, we quantitatively calculate the impact of extension of AOT on risk level of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Analysis shows that extension of EDG AOT to 28 days has less impact on NPPs, and safety of NPPs can be further ensured through temporary risk control measures, so the extension of AOT to 28 days is acceptable. By using risk-informed technology to extend AOT for EDG, unnecessary shutdown and maintenance is avoided and the economy of NPPs and flexibility of maintenance work arrangement is greatly improved while ensuring safety, which is of great significance to operation and maintenance of NPPs.
Parthenolide Attenuates Sepsis‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats by Reducing Inflammation
Authors: Shou Di-Wen , Li Yi-Rong , Xu Xiu-Juan , Dai Mu-Hua , Zhang Wei , Yang Xue , Tu Yue-Xing
Published: January 2023

Background. Sepsis is a common complication of severe trauma, burns, infection, or major surgery. This disease‐related end‐organ dysfunction results from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Acute kidney damage (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, is one of the most frequent and serious sequelae of sepsis. Nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NF‐κB) regulates the transcription of inflammation‐related genes and operates as a mediator in the immune system. While parthenolide (PTL) has been reported to prevent harmful inflammatory reactions, its effects on sepsis‐associated AKI are unknown. The current study investigates the effects of PTL in sepsis‐associated AKI using cell and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) models. Methods. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated rat glomerular mesangial cells were treated with 10 μM PTL. Inflammatory mediators, including TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA, and NF‐κB levels were assessed by qPCR. After the generation of the septic CLP model, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 500 g/kg PTL and were euthanized after 72 h. Serum and kidney samples were analyzed. Results. TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels were elevated after LPS treatment of rat glomerular mesangial cells (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, and p = 0.004, respectively) but were significantly reduced in the PTL treatment group (p ≤ 0.001, p = 0.01, and p ≤ 0.001). NF‐κB p65 levels were also increased after LPS treatment in this group and were reduced in the PTL treatment group. PTL treatment also reduced kidney damage after CLP induction, as shown by histological analysis and reductions in the levels of BUN, Cre, KIM‐1, and NAGL. CLP‐induced kidney inflammation together with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory‐related proteins. The elevated levels of renal TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were downregulated after PTL treatment. The PTL treatment also reduced the CLP‐induced activation of NF‐κB p65 in the damaged kidneys. Conclusion. PTL reduced inflammation induced by CLP‐induced AKI in rat models and LPS‐induced damage to glomerular mesangial cells by suppressing NF‐κB signaling.
Primal Topologies on Finite‐Dimensional Vector Spaces Induced by Matrices
Authors: Mejías Luis , Vielma Jorge , Guale Ángel , Pineda Ebner
Published: January 2023

Given an matrix A, considered as a linear map A : ℝn⟶ℝn, then A induces a topological space structure on ℝn which differs quite a lot from the usual one (induced by the Euclidean metric). This new topological structure on ℝn has very interesting properties with a nice special geometric flavor, and it is a particular case of the so called “primal space,” In particular, some algebraic information can be shown in a topological fashion and the other way around. If X is a non‐empty set and f : X⟶X is a map, there exists a topology τf induced on X by f, defined by τf = {U ⊂ X : f−1(U) ⊂ U}. The pair (X, τf) is called the primal space induced by f. In this paper, we investigate some characteristics of primal space structure induced on the vector space ℝn by matrices; in particular, we describe geometrical properties of the respective spaces for the case.
Integrative Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulatory Features of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Zhenyuan , Lv Yufang , Su Cheng , Lu Wenhao , Zhang RuiRui , Li Jiaping , Guo Bingqian , Yan Haibiao , Liu Deyun , Yang Zhanbin , Mi Hua , Mo Linjian , Guo Yi , Feng Wenyu , Xu Haotian , Peng Wenyi , Cheng Jiwen , Nan Aruo , Mo Zengnan
Published: January 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) frequently features a high level of tumor heterogeneity. Elucidating the chromatin landscape of ccRCC at the single-cell level could provide a deeper understanding of the functional states and regulatory dynamics underlying the disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) on 19 ccRCC samples, and whole-exome sequencing was used to understand the heterogeneity between individuals. Single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility maps of ccRCC were constructed to reveal the regulatory characteristics of different tumor cell subtypes in ccRCC. Two long noncoding RNAs (RP11-661C8.2 and CTB-164N12.1) were identified that promoted the invasion and migration of ccRCC, which was validated with in vitro experiments. Taken together, this study comprehensively characterized the gene expression and DNA regulation landscape of ccRCC, which could provide new insights into the biology and treatment of ccRCC.

Significance:

A comprehensive analysis of gene expression and DNA regulation in ccRCC using scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq reveals the DNA regulatory programs of ccRCC at the single-cell level.
LAMC2 Regulates Key Transcriptional and Targetable Effectors to Support Pancreatic Cancer Growth
Authors: Erice Oihane , Narayanan Shruthi , Feliu Iker , Entrialgo-Cadierno Rodrigo , Malinova Antonia , Vicentini Caterina , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Delfino Pietro , Trajkovic-Arsic Marija , Moreno Haritz , Valencia Karmele , Blanco Ester , Macaya Irati , Öhlund Daniel , Khatri Purvesh , Lecanda Fernando , Scarpa Aldo , Siveke Jens T. , Corbo Vincenzo , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , Vicent Silve
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The identification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) dysregulated genes may unveil novel molecular targets entering inhibitory strategies. Laminins are emerging as potential targets in PDAC given their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Here, we investigated the cellular, functional, and clinical relevance of LAMC2 and its regulated network, with the ultimate goal of identifying potential therapies.

Experimental Design:

LAMC2 expression was analyzed in PDAC tissues, a panel of human and mouse cell lines, and a genetically engineered mouse model. Genetic perturbation in 2D, 3D, and in vivo allograft and xenograft models was done. Expression profiling of a LAMC2 network was performed by RNA-sequencing, and publicly available gene expression datasets from experimental and clinical studies examined to query its human relevance. Dual inhibition of pharmacologically targetable LAMC2-regulated effectors was investigated.

Results:

LAMC2 was consistently upregulated in human and mouse experimental models as well as in human PDAC specimens, and associated with tumor grade and survival. LAMC2 inhibition impaired cell cycle, induced apoptosis, and sensitized PDAC to MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEK1/2i). A LAMC2-regulated network was featured in PDAC, including both classical and quasi-mesenchymal subtypes, and contained downstream effectors transcriptionally shared by the KRAS signaling pathway. LAMC2 regulated a functional FOSL1–AXL axis via AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, genetic LAMC2 or pharmacological AXL inhibition elicited a synergistic antiproliferative effect in combination with MEK1/2is that was consistent across 2D and 3D human and mouse PDAC models, including primary patient-derived organoids.

Conclusions:

LAMC2 is a molecular target in PDAC that regulates a transcriptional network that unveils a dual drug combination for cancer treatment.
Parental Factors Affecting Decision to Vaccinate Their Daughters against Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Park Yoon , Ki Moran , Lee Hyunju , Lee Jae-Kwan , Oh Jin-Kyoung
Published: January 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Korea targeting girls aged 12 years to receive two doses of HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that may influence parental decision to inoculate their daughters in Korea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 by interviewing the parents of 2,000 nationally representative girls eligible for HPV NIP. By the daughters’ status of HPV vaccination, the probabilities for each variable were compared with evaluate the factors that could affect parents’ decision to inoculate their daughters with HPV vaccines. Compared with parents who were not vaccinated with HPV, parents who were vaccinated with HPV were 2.40 times more likely to decide to vaccinate their daughters with HPV. Parents who regularly undergo cervical cancer screening were 1.39 times more likely to decide to vaccinate their daughters with HPV than parents who do not receive regular checkups. Parents’ perceived knowledge and perceived risk had a significant impact on their decision to vaccinate their daughters with HPV vaccines. Parents who had strong belief that HPV vaccine is safe in terms of adverse effects were 10 times more likely to decide to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Parental factors including HPV-related health behavior and awareness were found to be associated with parental decision to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. To improve HPV vaccine uptake at 12 years, it is required to improve parental awareness on HPV through public communication supported by scientific-based evidence.

Prevention Relevance:

Parental HPV vaccination and maternal regular cervical cancer screening were positively associated with parental decision to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Parents’ perceived knowledge of HPV vaccination and perceived risk of cervical cancer play an important role in determining whether their 12-year-old daughters will be vaccinated against HPV.
Safety Run-in of Intramuscular pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA and TA-CIN Protein Vaccination as Treatment for HPV16+ ASC-US, ASC-H, or LSIL/CIN1
Authors: Einstein Mark H. , Roden Richard B.S. , Ferrall Louise , Akin Mark , Blomer Allison , Wu T.C. , Chang Yung-Nien
Published: January 2023

Patients with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection and low-grade cervical dysplasia [low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)/CIN1] or atypical squamous cells [atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)/atypical squamous cells- cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)] require active surveillance for disease progression. A safe and effective immunotherapy to clear HPV16 is an unmet medical need. The safety run-in cohort of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial of PVX2 [vaccination twice with HPV16-targeting pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 plasmid and once with the HPV16 L2E7E6 fusion protein “TA-CIN”] as immunotherapy for patients with HPV16+ ASC-US, ASC-H, or LSIL/CIN1 (NCT03911076) was recently completed. The primary objective of this cohort was to determine the safety and tolerability of PVX2 vaccination. Subjects were confirmed to have HPV16 infection and LSIL/CIN1, ASC-US, or ASC-H. Adverse events were evaluated using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. HPV typing by HPV16 18/45 Aptima Assay was done at baseline, month 6, and month 12, with simultaneous cytology analysis. Cervical biopsies and endocervical curettage were performed at baseline and month 6. In the safety run-in cohort 12 eligible patients were enrolled. Each received three monthly immunizations. One was lost to follow-up after week 12. There were no serious adverse events. A total of five adverse events were noted by 4 patients; 4 were considered not vaccine-related, and one ‘unlikely related’ by the investigator. At month 6, 45% (5/11) of participants converted to HPV16-negative and 2 others developed CIN2+ and received a loop electrosurgical excision procedure. At month 12, 64% (7/11) were HPV16-negative, including those HPV16-negative at month 6. In conclusion, PVX2 immunotherapy was well tolerated and associated with viral regression, supporting further testing.

Prevention Relevance:

This safety run-in study cohort suggests that PVX2 immunotherapy is well tolerated in the target population and is sufficiently safe to warrant further clinical testing in a randomized study. The combined vaccines may facilitate higher-than-expected rate of human papillomavirus type 16 viral clearance 6 and 12 months after treatment, although this requires validation.
Influence of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Skeletal Muscular Fat Infiltration Measured by MRI in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Preliminary Results
Authors: Ma Qiang , Cheng Xiaoyue , Hou Xinmeng , Yan Yuanyuan , Zhao Chenglin , Yang Zhenghan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Several researchers have focused on the role of skeletal muscle in metabolic problems in recent years. We aimed to evaluate influence of sleeve gastrectomy on skeletal muscular fat infiltration determined by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Sixty five MetS patients (male/female, 20/45; mean age, 35.5 years ± 6.6 [standard deviation]; age range, 22–59 years) enrolled in our study. Prior to and 1 year after sleeve gastrectomy, patients underwent routine measurement of skeletal muscular fat concentration (denoted by proton density fat fraction, PDFF) and chemical indexes. The associations of skeletal muscular fat concentration with other variables were determined using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Difference between skeletal muscular PDFF at baseline (4.46 ± 2.01%) and PDFF 1-year after sleeve gastrectomy (3.00 ± 1.47%) was significant. Multivariable predictors of baseline skeletal muscular PDFF by descending order of standardized coefficient were fasting serum glucose (0.459; p = 0.001), age (0.395; p < 0.001), systolic pressure (0.319; p = 0.029), insulin (0.030; p = 0.026), white cell count (0.302; p = 0.007), diastolic pressure (−0.301; p = 0.046), and total alkaline phosphatase (−0.474; p < 0.001) all at baseline. Furthermore, multivariable predictors of change in PDFF were serum total cholesterol (3.510; p < 0.001), total alkaline phosphatase (0.535; p < 0.001), estrogen (0.457; p < 0.001), diastolic pressure (0.352; p < 0.001), systolic pressure (−0.409; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.719; p < 0.001), insulin (−0.774; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (−0.900; p < 0.001), triglyceride (−1.756; p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−2.854; p < 0.001) all at baseline. Conclusion: Sleeve gastrectomy could alleviate myosteatosis in MetS patients during 1-year follow-up. The extent of remission on skeletal muscular fat infiltration after sleeve gastrectomy was influenced by baseline metabolic problems related to serum glucose, serum lipid, and blood pressure level.
Characteristics of Allergen Components of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in Shrimp and Mite Co-Sensitized Patients in Southern China
Authors: Zheng Xianhui , Wu Liting , Hu Haisheng , Zhang Teng , Chen Yuemin , Luo Wenting , Sun Baoqing
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and shrimp are common air allergens and allergenic food sources, respectively, in southern China. This study aimed to analyze the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) characteristics and relationships of Dp components among co-sensitized patients with Dp and shrimp. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 112 patients with Dp sensitization (61 with shrimp sensitization and 51 without) from southern China. The sIgE concentrations of Dp and shrimp crude extracts were determined by ImmunoCAP, and the sIgE of Dp allergen components (Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 5, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 21, and Der p 23) was detected by protein chip. Results: Overall, in the Dp-allergic patients, Der p 1 had the highest positive rate (72.3%), followed by Der p 2 (65.2%), Der p 23 (46.4%), Der p 7 (32.14%), Der p 21 (29.46%), Der p 5 (22.32%), and Der p 10 (17.86%). Compared with that in the shrimp nonsensitized group, the positive rate of sIgE for Der p 10 (27.87% vs. 5.88%, p = 0.002) in the shrimp sensitization group was significantly higher; however, the positive rate of sIgE for Der p 7 (22.95% vs. 43.14%, p = 0.023) was significantly lower. Moreover, the concentration of sIgE for Der p 10 increased statistically in the shrimp-sensitized group. The correlation analysis also showed that shrimp sensitization was significantly correlated with Der p 10. Conclusion: Among patients with Dp sensitization, Der p 1 had the highest positive rate, followed by Der p 2 and Der p 23. Meanwhile, Der p 10 may play an important role in patients with shrimp sensitization, while Der p 7 may be the meaningful allergen component in patients with Dp sensitization alone. In general, component-resolved diagnosis technology in clinical practice can effectively guide patients with polysensitization to avoid allergic substances.
Distinction between Mitochondrial Antibody-Positive and -Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Matli Venkata Vinod Kumar , Dies David F , Pandit Sudha , Wellman Gregory , Morris James D.
Published: January 2023

Antimitochondrial antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis (AMA-pos PBC) is an autoimmune disorder in which monoclonal antibodies are produced against epitopes in the mitochondrial membranes of biliary epithelial cells, resulting in progressive nonsuppurative biliary cholangitis. Up to 5% of patients lack these autoantibodies, termed antimitochondrial antibody-negative (AMA-neg) PBC. Although a somewhat new variant of AMA-pos PBC, it is not an overlapping syndrome. Few studies to date have described this phenomenon. An 87-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (714 U/L). She reported fatigue but no other symptoms. A physical examination revealed a benign lesion and bilateral lower extremity swelling secondary to lymphedema. The serological profile was significant for a high antinuclear antibody titer (>1:2,560) with a centromere pattern and negative for antimitochondrial antibody (AMA). The hepatitis panel was negative for viruses A, B, and C. Her serum immunoglobulin G level was 871 mg/dL (normal, <1,600 mg/dL). The rest of the serological tests, including anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) and anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies, were negative. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast showed normal liver parenchyma and no acute intra-abdominal pathology. Histopathology indicated florid duct lesions. The background parenchyma showed no significant steatosis, and inflammatory changes were limited to the portal areas. Periodic acid-Schiff staining revealed intact hepatic parenchyma and architecture. The patient was diagnosed with AMA-neg PBC and responded well to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. This case highlights the importance of recognizing AMA-neg PBC as a variant of AMA-pos PBC and differentiating between them. Autoimmune cholangitis is a vague and imprecise condition. All patients with AMA-negative PBC should be tested for other PBC-specific autoantibodies. Although the prognosis and bile duct damage and loss are worse in AMA-neg PBC for unknown reasons, treatment remains the same for both.
Peripapillary Retinoschisis as a Manifestation of Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Markopoulos Ioannis , Tzakos Michail , Tzimis Vasilios , Halkiadakis Ioannis
Published: January 2023

The aim of this case report was to present an unusual case of peripapillary retinoschisis (PPRS) associated with ocular hypotony after glaucoma surgery. It refers to a 78-year-old man with primary open-angle glaucoma who developed PPRS while hypotonous. Optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary and the macular area of the right eye revealed PPRS temporally and nasally to the optic disc, more prominent at the level of the outer nuclear layer and less so at the inner nuclear layer. The PPRS completely regressed after 1 month of treatment and restoration of intraocular pressure to normal levels. This case report highlights the fact that PPRS in glaucoma patients may present in the setting of ocular hypotony and appears to resolve when the hypotony is successfully managed. Hydrostatic pressure gradient across retinal vasculature that allows movement of fluid into the extracellular spaces is a potential mechanism for the development of PPRS in ocular hypotony.
Large Number of Eyelashes in the Lacrimal Sac Found by Dacryoendoscopy: A Case Report
Authors: Iwasaki Akemi , Manabe Yoichi
Published: January 2023

Foreign objects sometimes enter the lacrimal sac. Here, we report the case of a patient with many comb-shaped eyelashes in the lacrimal sac and discuss the potential of using dacryoendoscopy to detect and remove foreign bodies from the lacrimal apparatus. A 65-year-old woman with a teary eye underwent dacryoendoscopy. There was no abnormality in the canaliculi. The internal ostium was blocked by a large number of black, comb-shaped eyelashes. Numerous bunched eyelashes covered with small white debris were found in the upper part of the lacrimal sac. No eyelash bundles were present from the lower lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct, and the mucosa was normal. The saline was able to pass through; however, the lower part of the nasolacrimal duct was narrowed into a funnel shape. We widened it with a sheath while observing the endoscopy images. Eyelashes were flushed from the lacrimal sac through the nasolacrimal duct using the sheath and saline flow. A lacrimal tube was placed for 2 months and removed, and then the patient healed without dacryocystorhinostomy.
Estimating the Prevalence of Dementia in India Using a Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jin Haomiao , Crimmins Eileen , Langa Kenneth M. , Dey A.B. , Lee Jinkook
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Accurate estimation of dementia prevalence is essential for making effective public and social care policy to support individuals and families suffering from the disease. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of dementia in India using a semi-supervised machine learning approach based on a large nationally representative sample. Methods: The sample of this study is adults 60 years or older in the wave 1 (2017–2019) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). A subsample in LASI received extensive cognitive assessment and clinical consensus ratings and therefore has diagnoses of dementia. A semi-supervised machine learning model was developed to predict the status of dementia for LASI participants without diagnoses. After obtaining the predictions, sampling weights and age standardization to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population were applied to generate the estimate for prevalence of dementia in India. Results: The prevalence of dementia for those aged 60 years and older in India was 8.44% (95% CI: 7.89%–9.01%). The age-standardized prevalence was estimated to be 8.94% (95% CI: 8.36%–9.55%). The prevalence of dementia was greater for those who were older, were females, received no education, and lived in rural areas. Discussion: The prevalence of dementia in India may be higher than prior estimates derived from local studies. These prevalence estimates provide the information necessary for making long-term planning of public and social care policy. The semi-supervised machine learning approach adopted in this paper may also be useful for other large population aging studies that have a similar data structure.
Voltage stability assessment using PMUs and STATCOM
Authors: Palepu Suresh Babu , Reddy Manubolu Damodar
Published: January 2023

Since the previous few decades, researchers and utilities have been extremely concerned about voltage instability because to the numerous instances of system blackouts caused by voltage instability that have been recorded in various regions of the world. With the development of synchro phasor technology, it appears conceivable to track and manage the system's voltage stability in real time. This study suggests using phasor measuring units (PMUs) placed strategically to monitor voltage stability margin online and to regulate it using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). According to the minimum reactive and real power loanability for the most of the line outages, STATCOM has been installed at the critical bus. Based on the difference between the bus voltage and its reference value, STATCOM supplies reactive power into the bus. PMU measurements are used to determine bus voltages at regular intervals, and reactive power is then added to the bus online as necessary. The increased voltage stability margin brought on by STATCOM injecting reactive power is continuously checked. Based on simulations performed on the IEEE 14-bus system and the New England 39-bus system, the effectiveness of the suggested approach for online monitoring and management of voltage stability margin (VSM) has been proven.
Performances of a wind power system based on the doubly fed induction generator controlled by a multi-level inverter
Authors: Djebbar Mohamed Salah , Boukadoum Aziz , Bouguerne Abla
Published: January 2023

The objective of this work is to study the contribution that the use of the multi-level inverter can make compared to a conventional two-level inverter, in a wind power production line (WPG) associated with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The DFIG is driven by a variable speed wind turbine and operates in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, for optimum efficiency. The rotor of the DFIG is supplied by a DC/AC inverter with five levels with MPC structure, controlled by the PWM technique, while the stator is connected with the network. The active and reactive powers exchanged between the DFIG and the network is achieved by indirect vector control with oriented stator flux (IFOC), with conventional regulators, ensuring zero reactive power and a unitary power factor. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current signals/voltages of the entire wind chain is exposed and criticized. The obtained results are very promising, offering the possibility for wind turbines with multi-level inverter to work in high voltage and large power.
Low cost high performance self-starting sensorless single phase induction motor drive
Authors: Anagreh Yaser , Al-Ibbini Asma
Published: January 2023

The present paper is directed to achieve a low-cost high-performance self-starting single phase induction motor (SPIM) drive system. A phase shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) trains feeding the motor will replace the starting and running capacitors. Adaptive sliding mode control, enhance with model reference adaptive control (MRAC), is implemented to achieve high performance sensorless SPIM drive. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system in starting and fast tracking the reference speed with nearly zero percentage overshoot and zero steady-state error. Moreover, the proposed SPIM drive system is robust to external load torque disturbances and insensitive to system parameter variations. Extensive simulations have been conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed system.
Performance analysis of a stand-alone synchronous reluctance generator under unbalanced conditions
Authors: Rida Mostafa , Rashad Essam , El Samahy Adel , El Koroflly Mohamed , Youssef Erhab
Published: January 2023

A stand-alone self-excited wind energy conversion system (WECS) is considered commonly used in remote areas due to its simple control and low cost. This paper introduces the performance analysis of a stand-alone self-excited reluctance generator (SERG) under balanced and unbalanced operations. An asymmetrical component is proposed to obtain the positive and negative sequence components of voltages and currents in addition to the unbalanced voltage factor of SERG. The obtained results have been validated and compared with experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype of a 5.5 kW synchronous reluctance generator driven by a dc motor as a prime-mover under unbalanced excitation capacitors and unbalanced loads. The comparison verifies the applicability of the proposed model.
A new approach of robust speed-sensorless control of doubly fed induction motor fed by photovoltaic solar panel
Authors: Mounira Mekki , Djamila Cherifi
Published: January 2023

In this work, we presented the modelling and simulation of the electrical operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system adapted by an MPPT control, the latter is applied to the robust observer for the control of the speed without sensor of a double fed induction motor (DFIM).Our machine is powered by the PV system, where the chosen control is the direct field oriented control with sliding mode speed regulator is used for the control of this machine which is powered by two pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage inverters, finally the speed estimation of induction motor with observer based dual feed in sliding mode is presented. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Solar cell split source inverter for induction motor with computer control
Authors: Mahmmoud Omer N. , Mehdi Salam R. , Gaeid Khalaf S. , Al-Tameemi Atheer L. Salih
Published: January 2023

The electrical energy is necessary for daily life, but there is a continuous increase in the usage rate of electric energy. Such an increase is a big problem, which makes us think about using alternative energy for conventional energy, in addition to the problem of pollution resulting from the use of energy generation. Solar energy is a solution for energy in terms of consumption, besides there is no environmental risk in the use of solar energy. In this work, an integrated solar system operating in the daytime has been designed to operate a 3-phase induction motor (IM). The study begins by simulating the system in the MATLAB/Simulink program in order to find out the results and verify them using the same components of the proposed algorithm. The system with photovoltaic (PV) modules 1080 W, whereas the PV array is a direct source of the designed split source inverter (SSI). This SSI is controlled by sine pulse width modulation (SPWM). The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) incremental conductance (INC) method is monitored by a computer connected to the system via a Wi-Fi connection, the 3-phase IM (373) W. The results reveal the efficiency of the system and that it can be versatile.
Neural network based detecting induction motor defects supplied by unbalanced grid
Authors: Dobroskok Nikita A. , Skakun Anastasiia D. , Belskii Grigorii V. , Serykh Elena V. , Devyatkin Alexey V. , Migranov Ruslan M. , Bulichyov Valeriy K.
Published: January 2023

Predictive diagnosis of motor defects can reduce repair and downtime costs of electrical equipment. This paper presents the results of a research on the effectiveness of the defect classification and recognition system based on convolutional neural network to detect defects in a squirrel-cage induction motor based on the stator supply voltage and output phase currents when supplied from an industrial grid of limited power with possible voltage asymmetry and harmonic distortion taken into account. In this work a simulation model, implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, is proposed to investigate unbalanced conditions. The mathematical model has been verified on a physical test bench and then used to create a database of currents from measured asymmetric grid voltages in the presence of defects such as short circuit between turns of one phase, rotor bar breakage, rotor eccentricity and bearing defects. The classification quality of all defects in the neural network was 72%, with the exclusion of intercoil short circuit defect and the merging of different bearing defects, the quality of the model was achieved 91%. A further increase in the quality of the defect recognition system is due to a building up modification of the neural network architecture.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor control performed using PI-backstepping with a model of harmonics reduction
Authors: Said Ziani , Ghmary Mohamed El , Zorgani Youssef Agrebi
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on the control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) utilizing a non-linear adaptive PI-Backstepping design and a model of harmonics reduction approach that uses an active shunt filter followed by a cascade bandpass filter. While conventional backstepping may assure the system's stability, it is often imprecise. It creates a significant amount of static error, which has a detrimental effect on the system's behavior, such as disruptions and loads that might arise in industrial settings. We can assure minimum fixed errors and considerable interaction with uncertainty by integrating the PI controller with adaptive backstepping through robust Lyapunov functions. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the proposed controller's effectiveness.
The effect of the thyristor energy router on harmonics
Authors: Sosnina Elena , Bedretdinov Rustam , Kryukov Evgeny
Published: January 2023

Energy routers (ER) are the key equipment of the energy internet that provides control over bidirectional power flows and the voltage level of an electric network. The paper presents the thyristor-powered ER (TER) for an Internet-style medium voltage distribution electric network (6, 10, 20 kV). The developed scheme of the device implements longitudinal and transverse voltage regulation at the ER connection point and it allows changing the power flow and the voltage level in the network. The article is devoted to the study of the harmonic components of voltage introduced into the electrical network by the semiconductor elements of the TER. A mathematical and a computer model and a prototype of an electric network section with a TER have been developed. The studies carried out with the help of the developed models have shown that the device does not significantly distort sinusoidally. The harmonic components factor of the output voltage has acceptable values over the entire range of an effective regulation.
Model predictive control of high voltage direct current based on voltage source converter transmission system
Authors: Ahmed Nouir , Soraya Zebirate , Abdelkader Chaker
Published: January 2023

Model predictive control (MPC) has recently been ranked as one of the best modern technics of control for high voltage direct current (HVDC) based on voltage source converter (VSC) transmission systems, since it is a simple controller, understandable and can be implemented easily, also has a dynamic and fast response. The classic double closed loop PI controller has many disadvantages such as the difficulty in determining the Kp, Ki, and Kd parameters as well as the couplings; It is also less robust against systems with slow dynamics and/or having a complex structure. This paper exposes a model predictive control for a two-level converter. Direct power control on rectifier-side based on model prediction and on the inverter-side AC current control strategy is proposed. The controller utilizes the identified model to anticipate the comportment of the output voltage of every switching state at each sampling frequency. At the next sampling interval, the optimum switching state is applied using the cost function as a reference point. The MPC method was verified by the tools of the MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented control strategy.
SHEPWM in three-phase voltage source inverters by modified Newton–Raphson
Authors: Bousmaha Imen Souhila , Bechekir Seyf Eddine , Abdeslam Djaffar Ould , Amine Marref Mohammed , Jbilou Mokhtaria , Brahami Mostefa
Published: January 2023

This paper describes a new strategy for optimizing the switching angles of a three-phase inverter in a photovoltaic system. It presents non-traditional solutions to the problem of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) in three-phase inverter (VSI)-fed induction motor drives. The aforementioned problem was solved independently by using hybrid genetic algorithms (HGAs) and a modified Newton–Raphson method. GAs can obtain the correct solution even if the first generation is arbitrary. The solution then converges rapidly. The modified Newton–Raphson method is used to solve transcendental equations of the SHE pulses width modulation (SHEPWM) technique, which is a unique method that produces all possible solutions without assuming the initial angles. This modified technique is not complex and ensures rapid convergence to the solution. A real-time experimental verification of the SHEPWM technique was performed in the OP5600 RT-Lab simulator. The results obtained show that the proposed SHEPWM algorithm controls the fundamental voltage and effectively eliminates the desired harmonics, and that the evolution of the signal quality increases according to the modulation index. For M=1.1 the SHE-PWM gives the best result: a current THD of 5% for a switching frequency of 1150 Hz.
Bad data analysis and detection using PMU with UPQC integration to grid during fault conditions
Authors: Kabra Preeti Nitin , Lalitha Suraparaju Venkata Naga Lakshmi , Donepudi Sudha Rani
Published: January 2023

Analysis of bad data in an IEEE 14 bus system with phasor measuring units (PMU) devices is carried out in this paper. The normal operating condition data achieved from the PMU in the bus system is compared to the data achieved during faults in the bus system. A principal component analysis (PCA) technique is proposed in this paper for distinguishing the difference between data transmission during normal and fault conditions. The PCA approach detects the dynamical magnitudes of the measurements taken and also determines the noise caused by the disturbances. The grid system is updated with unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) improvising the parameters of the system to mitigate the fault. The PMU devices use PCA technique for a comparative analysis of the measured components analyzing the performance of the system under different operating conditions. The simulation of these modules is carried out in Simulink environment of MATLAB software with PCA done concerning time.