bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal Role of the Electrostatic Instability in the GeV-scale Cascade Flux from 1ES 0229+200
Authors: Alawashra Mahmoud , Vovk Ievgen , Pohl Martin
Published: December 2024

Relativistic pair beams produced in the intergalactic medium by TeV gamma rays from blazars are expected to generate a detectable GeV-scale electromagnetic cascade, yet this cascade is absent in the observed spectra of hard-spectrum TeV emitting blazars. This suppression is often attributed to weak intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMF) deflecting electron-positron pairs out of the line of sight. Alternatively, it has been proposed that beam-plasma instabilities could drain the energy of the beam before they produce the secondary cascades. Recent studies suggest that the modification of beam distribution due to these instabilities is primarily driven by particle scattering, rather than energy loss. In this paper, we quantitatively assess, for the blazar 1ES 0229+200, the arrival time of secondary gamma rays at Earth from the beam scattering by the electrostatic instability. We first computed the production rates of electron-positron pairs at various distances using the Monte Carlo simulation CRPropa. We then simulated the feedback of the plasma instability on the beam, incorporating production rates and inverse Compton cooling, to determine the steady-state distribution function. Our findings reveal that the time delay of the GeV secondary cascade arrival due to instability broadening is on the order of a few months. This delay is insufficient to account for the missing cascade emission in blazar spectra, suggesting that plasma instabilities do not significantly affect IGMF constraints.
The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Cluster Ultradiffuse Galaxy VCC 615
Authors: Mihos J. Christopher , Durrell Patrick R. , Toloba Elisa , Peng Eric W. , Lim Sungsoon , Côté Patrick , Guhathakurta Puragra , Ferrarese Laura
Published: December 2024

We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging to study the globular cluster system of the Virgo Cluster ultradiffuse galaxy (UDG) VCC 615. We select globular cluster candidates through a combination of size and color, while simultaneously rejecting contamination from background galaxies that would be unresolved in ground-based imaging. Our sample of globular cluster candidates is essentially complete down to a limiting magnitude of F814W = 24.0, ≈90% down the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF). We estimate a total globular cluster population for VCC 615 of

N

GC

=
25
.

1

−
5.4

+
6.5

, resulting in a specific frequency of

S

N

=
55
.

5

−
12.0

+
14.5

, quite high compared to normal galaxies of similar luminosity, but consistent with the large specific frequencies found in some other UDGs. The abundant cluster population suggests the galaxy is enshrouded by a massive dark halo, consistent with previous dynamical mass estimates using globular cluster kinematics. While the peak of the GCLF appears slightly brighter than expected (by ≈0.3–0.5 mag), this difference is comparable to the 0.3 mag uncertainty in the measurement, and we see no sign of an extremely luminous population of clusters similar to those detected in the UDGs NGC1054-DF2 and -DF4. However, we do find a relatively high fraction (

3

2

−
4

+
5

%) of large clusters with half-light radii R

h
 > 9 pc. The galaxy's offset nucleus appears photometrically distinct from the globular clusters, and is more akin to ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) in Virgo. Over time, VCC615’s already diffuse stellar body may be further stripped by cluster tides, leaving the nucleus intact to form a new Virgo UCD.
Phylogeographic analyses of western Palearctic Scaurus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) reveal undetected taxonomic substructure along the pre-Saharian Atlantic Coast of western Africa
Authors: Duque-Amado Carmen , García-París Mario , Sánchez-Vialas Alberto
Published: December 2024

Phylogeography stands as a key tool to explore evolutionary patterns and processes, playing a crucial role in delimiting evolutionary units. Identifying these units is essential for providing robust taxonomic decisions. In this study, we present a comprehensive phylogeographical framework of Scaurus uncinus (Forster, 1771) and Scaurus gigas Waltl, 1835 across the Iberian Peninsula and North-western Africa, where they are widely co-distributed, coexisting in several localities on both sides of Strait of Gibraltar. Our results show that the Strait of Gibraltar did not act as a geographical barrier for these species, revealing shared mitochondrial haplotypes and nuclear alleles between populations on both sides. However, the Souss Valley in Morocco appears to have historically served as a significant geographical barrier within the S. gigas lineage, leading to the divergence of two morphologically distinct sublineages, one to the north (S. gigas) and the other to the south (S. ferreri stat. nov.). In addition, we point out a case of cytonuclear discordance between S. uncinus and S. gigas in the southwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting the occurrence of an ancient event of genetic introgression between the two species.
Chironomids (Diptera) from Central European stream networks: new findings and taxonomic issues
Authors: Boóz Bernadett , Kovács Zsolt , Bartalovics Bea , Boda Pál , Miliša Marko , Pernecker Bálint , Pařil Petr , Rewicz Tomasz , Simon Anna Boglárka , Csabai Zoltán , Móra Arnold
Published: December 2024

Chironomidae, with over 7,300 described species, are amongst the most diverse and abundant insect families in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Chironomids are known for their widespread distribution from various water types. The level of documentation of chironomid fauna varies considerably amongst European countries, with more comprehensive knowledge for Western Europe compared to other regions. Despite the recent extensive sampling effort and the increasing number of available data, the chironomid fauna of Central European countries still remains poorly known.

This study contributes to the knowledge of chironomid fauna in three river catchments in Croatia, Hungary and Czechia. A combination of morphological and molecular techniques was employed, with a focus on larvae, although pupae and exuviae were also examined. We found 207 taxa, amongst which 170 were identified to species level. In Croatia, 14 species were recorded for the first time and two species were newly recorded in Czechia. DNA barcoding of 31 specimens resulted in 23 BINs, including eight new ones to BOLD. We provided detailed notes on taxa with taxonomic problems and/or morphological peculiarities. Our results highlight that extensive studies conducted in relatively small areas and a limited range of habitats (only streams in hilly regions) can remarkably contribute to the local and global knowledge on Chironomidae fauna, especially when the taxonomically difficult and often problematic larvae are investigated.
Terrestrialisation and the cranial architecture of tetrapods
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar
Published: December 2024

Using four extinct land vertebrate species as examples, I discuss ontogenetic strategies as well as the potential influence of bite- and other external forces on the formation of the land vertebrate skull. In principle, areas under biomechanical stress are strongly ossified, whereas regions with little or no stress show only weak or no ossification. In this regard, all plates, arcades and openings of the skull – even in that of the multi-fenestrated dinosaurs – can be explained. I trace the changes in feeding mode and body posture at the transition from semi-aquatic to fully terrestrial tetrapods and discuss changes in the position of bite points. Through evolution, an increasing bite force is argued to have a crucial influence on the formation of new skull openings, such as the supratemporal and the antorbital fenestrae in archosaurs, by changing the direction of stress flows in the skull. The conquest of land was also associated with the appearance of novel types of behaviour such as inter- and intraspecific combats. Horns and other cranial weapons were formed repeatedly, which are shown to alter skull construction when receiving external forces. Changes in the skull biomechanics are associated with body posture and postcranial skeletal anatomy. Additionally, vice versa, the neck muscles are shown to have an important impact on the differentiation of the tetrapod skull. Finally, a new hypothesis is provided for the evolution of the temporal openings, based on biomechanical considerations. I argue that the synapsid (infrafenestral) morphotype was ancestral to amniotes related to a strong anterior bite in the mouth. Along the reptilian lineage – such as in many parareptiles, captorhinids and turtles – temporal fenestration was repeatedly closed by stiffening the temporal region in response to external forces. In addition, I argue that the upper temporal opening evolved first and that the diapsid (bifenestral) morphotype is secondary. The “triapsid” morphotype in ceratopsid dinosaurs is shown to be related to concentrated forces on the animal’s neck frill.
Habitat of early stegocephalians (Chordata, Vertebrata, Sarcopterygii): a little saltier than most paleontologists like?
Authors: Laurin Michel
Published: December 2024

A controversy on the degree of marine influence in the paleoenvironments represented by many Paleozoic stegocephalian-bearing fossiliferous localities has persisted for decades. Many authors have equated the absence of a typical stenohaline marine fauna with freshwater environments, but this ignores continental salt lakes and the many transitional environments (deltaic, estuarine, lagoonal, and some epicontinental seas that receive much freshwater influx, like the Baltic Sea) that separate typical marine environments from freshwater environments. This is problematic because it seems plausible that many of the late Paleozoic sediments that have been preserved were deposited on coasts in deltas and estuaries. The author had compiled a dataset of paleoenvironmental interpretations of Devonian to Early Permian stegocephalian (“tetrapod”)-bearing fossiliferous localities in 2010. How have these interpretations withstood the test of time, especially in the face of new results from different kinds of evidence? An updated dataset and a new literature review show that the case for a marine origin of stegocephalians has strengthened, especially through additional discoveries or reinterpretations of fossils that suggest marine influence in various classical vertebrate-bearing Permo-Carboniferous localities traditionally interpreted as freshwater, and a recent analysis of stable isotopes in Late Devonian localities.
Quelles boissons pour les résidents d’Ehpad ayant des troubles de déglutition ?
Authors: Corvol Aline , Billy Claire , Somme Dominique
Published: December 2024

Les troubles de la déglutition sont à l’origine d’une morbidité importante chez les résidents des établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad). Cette étude propose d’explorer les modalités de choix des produits utilisés, ainsi que la perception qu’ont les résidents et les professionnels les accompagnant des boissons épaissies tant en termes hédoniques que pragmatiques et de modalité de choix.Cette étude exploratoire a comporté deux étapes : la première, téléphonique, visait à recenser les produits utilisés et à comprendre les modalités du choix ; la deuxième, par questionnaire, évaluait l’expérience utilisateur des résidents et des soignants.Nous constatons un usage large d’eau gélifiée, sans protocole clair concernant les indications d’utilisation, la réévaluation de cette indication et le choix exact du produit. Certains patients expriment ne pas être satisfaits de ces produits, ce qui ne semble pas remettre en cause leur utilisation. Les entretiens avec les directeurs ont montré leur faible implication sur cette question et l’absence de lignes de conduite claires dans leurs établissements. Ce flou autour de l’utilisation des eaux gélifiées est à mettre en lien avec son statut d’aliment, alors que l’usage inadapté de ce produit peut entraîner des risques de déshydratation ou de pneumopathie.
Dilemme éthique en dysphagie : désir de manger solide au prix de la sécurité
Authors: Doussau Adélaïde
Published: December 2024

La survenue d’une dysphagie et la dépendance culinaire entraînent un grand bouleversement dans l’équilibre de vie des patients et dans leur entourage. Les tensions peuvent s’exacerber lors d’un changement de milieu de vie (ex. admission en établissement de soins de longue durée). M. P. est un patient dysphagique atteint d’une maladie neurodégénérative motrice qui refuse l’adaptation nutritionnelle. À partir de ce cas inspiré de situations réelles, nous proposons d’analyser les enjeux éthiques et les options possibles, à l’aide de la grille de Guy Durand et Céline Crowe. Cette analyse de cas permet une réflexion sur la tension entre l’autodétermination du patient, la sécurité des soins, le sens de la vie en situation de dépendance et de grand handicap.
Plaisir et prise alimentaire en Ehpad : aménagement de la salle de restauration
Authors: Ventalon Geoffrey , Bailly Nathalie , Taillefer Manon
Published: December 2024

En France, il est estimé qu’entre 15 à 38 % des résidents en Ehpad sont dénutris. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l’aménagement physique d’une salle de restauration sur la prise alimentaire des résidents vivant en Ehpad ainsi que leurs interactions sociales et leur plaisir alimentaire. L’étude mise en place est une étude interventionnelle comportant deux situations : une situation contrôle dans laquelle l’environnement de prise de repas n’a pas été modifié (N = 7) et une situation expérimentale dans laquelle l’environnement a été modifié (N = 9). L’intervention consiste à modifier l’ambiance de la salle de restauration afin de la rendre plus conviviale (i.e., décoration, musique) et ceci à raison de 2 jours par semaine pendant 4 semaines (8 séances au total). Les résultats montrent que les résidents déjeunant dans un environnement plus convivial consomment davantage l’entrée et le plat (mais pas le dessert), qu’ils ont un plaisir à manger important et qu’ils ont davantage d’interactions sociales (entre résidents et entre résidents et soignants) comparativement aux résidents du groupe sans intervention. Compte tenu de la problématique nutritionnelle en Ehpad, cette étude propose une piste prometteuse pour améliorer à moindre coût le plaisir de manger et la prise alimentaire chez des personnes âgées dépendantes.
Vieillir et faire vivre ses pratiques alimentaires dans un habitat inclusif
Authors: Ravat Camille , Trimaille Hélène , Chassagne Aline
Published: December 2024

Penser un habitat, c’est penser les actes de la vie quotidienne, parmi lesquels les pratiques alimentaires structurent le quotidien et les interactions. Avec l’avancée en âge, elles sont bouleversées et engendrent parfois un appauvrissement nutritionnel pouvant remettre en question la possibilité de vieillir à domicile. L’objectif de l’étude est d’explorer les pratiques alimentaires individuelles et collectives de personnes âgées résidant au sein d’un habitat dit inclusif.Le recueil de données s’appuie sur des observations, notamment dans un espace commun d’un habitat inclusif. Deux entretiens collectifs ont été animés avec une dizaine de personnes et des entretiens individuels ont été réalisés auprès de 8 habitants avec la passation d’une échelle d’évaluation de la dénutrition.Malgré quelques solidarités de voisinage, les pratiques alimentaires individuelles demeurent impactées par l’isolement social, la précarité et une confusion dans les recommandations nutritionnelles engendrant pour certains un risque de dénutrition. Si des habitants se sont fédérés pour accéder de façon plus libre à la salle commune et qu’une forme de commensalité émerge dans l’espace collectif, grâce à la place centrale de l’animatrice et d’habitantes, des conflits d’usage et rapports de domination viennent l’entraver.L’observation des pratiques alimentaires des personnes âgées résidant en habitat inclusif montre qu’au niveau individuel, les pratiques alimentaires restent inchangées et que sans projet social et spatial collectif émanant des habitants, la commensalité, pourtant portée comme vecteur de la lutte contre la dénutrition, ne peut prendre vie et se pérenniser.
« J’ai mangé pour la semaine ! ». Se nourrir au grand âge par l’éducation permanente
Authors: Carrión Cayetana , Buyse Marin
Published: December 2024

Au grand âge, la perte d’autonomie, la fatigue, l’isolement, la mobilité, la maladie constituent autant de freins supplémentaires à la possibilité de bien se nourrir. À partir des échanges au cours de tables de réflexion menées avec plusieurs groupes de personnes âgées en Région wallonne, en Belgique, cet article explore les évolutions de leur assiette tout au long de leur parcours biographique. L’outil d’animation « Mon assiette au fil de la vie », mis en place par l’association Âgo durant les mois de juin 2023 à janvier 2024 dans le cadre d’un projet d’éducation permanente sur l’alimentation durable, encourage la prise de conscience des participants et est propice à la définition, voire à la découverte, de pistes promouvant une nourriture saine, équilibrée et adéquate au grand âge. En cela, le dispositif que nous avons mobilisé éclaire, à partir du point de vue des principaux concernés, les préoccupations des seniors sur les enjeux du vieillissement et de l’alimentation.
La prévention par la cuisine à destination des personnes âgées
Authors: Mayer Julie
Published: December 2024

La France fait face au défi d’augmenter l’espérance de vie en bonne santé de ses habitants afin de limiter la dépendance et le recours aux soins. Dans un contexte de nutritionnalisation et d’optimisation de soi, la prévention de la santé des personnes âgées passe par la transmission de normes diététiques et la cuisine s’impose comme un instrument de prévention. L’analyse des interactions dans 25 ateliers de cuisine, des représentations et des discours des intervenants (22 intervenants interrogés) et ceux des participants (42 personnes âgées de 60 à 90 ans interrogées) permet de comprendre l’utilisation qui est faite de la cuisine et des recettes : tout d’abord, la socialisation voulue par les intervenants, par l’oral, l’écrit et les gestes. Par ailleurs, des participants qui perçoivent le potentiel de l’atelier en matière de sociabilités, de perfectionnement de pratiques et d’apprentissages diététiques. Le changement de pratique dans le quotidien des participants suite à l’atelier est discuté sous l’angle du pouvoir de normalisation et d’innovation. Si cette étude vient montrer comment ce type d’atelier peut s’inscrire dans une dynamique de déprise, il met également en lumière la nécessité d’adapter la prévention par la cuisine à la pluralité des trajectoires de vieillissement.
Estimation of partially linear single-index spatial autoregressive model using B-splines
Authors: Liu Lei , Dai Jun
Published: December 2024

Possible dependence across spatial units is a relevant issue in many areas in practice. In this paper, we consider the partially linear single-index spatial autoregressive model to analyze the dependence of the spatial units and suggest an estimation method. An algorithm procedure is proposed to estimate the link function for the single index and the parameters in the single index, as well as the parameters in the linear component and the spatial parameter of the model. The nonparametric function is estimated based on B-spline approximation. The Nelder-Mead iteration algorithm is adopted to calculate the parametric and nonparametric parts simultaneously in the optimization. The asymptotic properties of parameter and function estimates are established. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed estimation methodology and calculation procedure. Furthermore, we use the proposed method to analyze air quality data and rural household income data in China.
Attractors for the nonclassical diffusion equations with the driving delay term in time-dependent spaces
Authors: Shi Yadan , Xie Yongqin , Li Ke , Tang Zhipiao
Published: December 2024

In this study, we primarily investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions associated with a nonclassical diffusion process by memory effects and a perturbed parameter that varies over time. A significant innovation is the consideration of a delay term governed by a function with minimal assumptions: merely measurability and a phase-space that is a time-dependent space of continuously-time-varying functions. By employing a novel analytical approach, we demonstrate the existence and regularity of time-varying pullback $ \mathscr{D} $-attractors. Notably, the nonlinearity $ f $ is unrestricted by any upper limit on its growth rate.
The $ {L^\infty } $ estimate of the spatial gradient of the solution to a variational inequality problem originates from the financial contract problem with advanced implementation clauses
Authors: Zhao Qingjun
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates a class of variational inequality problems under the framework of the parabolic Kirchhoff operator from the financial contract problem. This particular issue stems from the financial contract problem. By utilizing the energy inequality of the obtained solutions, the energy inequality of the solution gradients, and the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberge inequality, an estimation of the infinite norm of the solution gradients is obtained.
On fuzzy sub-semi-rings of nexuses
Authors: Nazemi Niya Vajiheh , Babaei Hojat , Rezaei Akbar
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we first constructed a semi-ring on a nexus and then defined a fuzzy sub-semi-ring associated with a nexus $ N $. We investigated some properties and applications. Fuzzy versions of some well-known crisp concepts are provided over a nexus. We verified some applications of this fuzzy on semi-ring $ N $. We obtained some relationships between sub-semi-ring and fuzzy sub-semi-ring of $ N $. However, these relationships were not true for ideals. We put a condition on fuzzy sub-semi-ring so that these relationships were true for ideals. We defined strong fuzzy sub-semi-ring on $ N $. For strong fuzzy sub-semi-ring on $ N $ and for every $ \alpha\in[0, \mu(0)] $, the level set $ \mu^\alpha $ was an ideal of $ N $. For some strong fuzzy sub-semi-rings $ \mu $, we verified when $ \mu^\alpha $ was a prime ideal of $ N $. In the following, for a semi-ring homomorphism $ f:N\longrightarrow M $, we showed that if $ \mu\in FSUB_S(N) $, then $ f(\mu)\in FSUB_S(M) $ and if $ \mu\in FSUB_S(M) $ then $ f \circ\mu\in FSUB_S(N) $. Finally, we verified some concepts of fuzzy quotient of a nexus semi-ring.
Effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison between culture medium and in vitro skin model medium
Authors: Uehara Yuya , Shimamura Yuko , Takemura Chika , Suzuki Shiori , Masuda Shuichi
Published: December 2024

The effect of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in Staphylococcus aureus may vary between culture medium and skin. Researchers have used an in vitro skin model with human heel callus to assess bacterial survival and growth on the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Here, we reconstituted a skin model using keratin as a base (instead of callus) and compared it with brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. We investigated the effects of five cosmetic ingredients (macadamia nut oil, sodium myristoyl methyl taurate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 2-phenoxyethanol, and zinc oxide) on growth and virulence factor expression in S. aureus. Interestingly, the survival pattern of S. aureus in our skin model was similar to that reported in models using callus. Upon the addition of cosmetic ingredients to BHI or skin model medium, the sensitivity of S. aureus to these cosmetic ingredients differed between the two media. Notably, after adding the two tested cosmetic ingredients, the expression level of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in S. aureus reduced significantly in skin model medium compared with that in the BHI medium. Additionally, the expression levels of other S. aureus virulence factors (RNAIII, icaA, and hlb) differed between the two media. These findings suggest that our skin model is a valuable tool for evaluating the effects of cosmetic ingredients on growth and virulence factor expression in S. aureus.
Analyzing the potential of neuronal pentraxin 2 as a biomarker in neurological disorders: A literature review
Authors: Ansari Ubaid , Wen Jimmy , Syed Burhaan , Nadora Dawnica , Sedighi Romteen , Nadora Denise , Chen Vincent , Lui Forshing
Published: December 2024

Neuronal pentraxin 2 (NP2) plays a significant role in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and excitatory synapse regulation. Emerging research suggests that NP2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neuropathies. This literature review extensively analyzes NP2's role in these conditions, thereby highlighting its contributions to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxic protein aggregation. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, NP2 is linked to amyloid-beta aggregation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration, respectively. Additionally, altered NP2 expression is observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, thus suggesting its involvement in synaptic dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. In neuropathic pain and epilepsy, NP2 modulates the synaptic plasticity and inflammatory responses, with altered levels correlating with disease severity. Furthermore, NP2's involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) emphasizes its broad impact on neuronal health. Understanding NP2's multifaceted roles may reveal novel therapeutic targets and improve the clinical outcomes for these neurological disorders. Though the precise role of NP2 remains uncertain, its clinical potential and initial findings justify further investigations into neuronal pentraxins and other related neuroproteins.
A Quantum Computing Approach
Authors: Sanjey T. S. , Mohammed Taher R. , Kabilavathan B. , Janani S.
Published: December 2024

This website uses machine learning to transform on-screen text from screen-sharing sessions into PDFs. This technology simplifies remote communication by eliminating the need for manual transcription and enhancing content sharing during video meetings. Advanced OCR capabilities accurately extract text, which users can effortlessly convert into PDFs for efficient remote collaboration.
Enhancing Agricultural Export Dynamics
Authors: Naik Tilak Sandeep , Jadhav Ishwari Deepak
Published: December 2024

This research explores how cooperatives are essential to increasing agricultural exports in Bangladesh, India, and France, three very different economies. In light of the COVID-19 epidemic and geopolitical unrest, this study investigates the ways in which export cooperatives promote sustainability, diversity, and resilience in global supply chains. The study sheds light on cooperatives' contributions to value addition, market access, and quality control by analyzing their governance structures, operational dynamics, and market strategies. It reveals best practices and obstacles through a comparative study, providing stakeholders and policymakers with insightful information. The results highlight the cooperatives' revolutionary potential in promoting fair economic growth and strong international trade networks. This study offers a thorough grasp of the ways in which cooperative businesses and worldwide agricultural exports interact, encouraging readers to delve deeper into the complex relationship between the two.
A Case of Climate Financing in Agriculture in the Global South
Authors: Samal Anup , Jena Labanya Prakash
Published: December 2024

Climate change is a threat to the agricultural sector; rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme events lead to reduced crop yields, and food security. Further, the agriculture sector contributes to greenhouse gas emissions that lead to climate change. The sector requires substantial investments in climate-smart practices and technologies to address these challenges. However, it has traditionally been underserved by the financial system, so farmers and other stakeholders don't have access to the financing to follow climate-smart agriculture practices. This chapter identifies financing challenges in following CSA practices and explores critical role innovative financial mechanisms can play in alleviating these challenges. This includes development of tailored financial products, use of risk-sharing instruments, and promotion of public-private partnerships. It highlights importance of capacity building of FIs and farmers to design and implement climate-smart interventions and develop robust metrics to measure impacts of these investments.
Digital Governance Across Continents
Authors: Bejarano-Murillo Eliana
Published: December 2024

This study explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital governance by examining four diverse case studies: Saudi Arabia, Estonia, Singapore, and Spain. Using a case study methodology, the research investigates how AI has been integrated into public administration to enhance efficiencyand address societal challenges. Findings reveal significant variations in approaches to AI integration, influenced by each country's socio-economic contexts and governance priorities. Key theoretical implications include the need to balance technological innovation with socio-political considerations, while practical insights emphasize the scalability of interoperable systems and the critical role of transparency in fostering public trust. Despite notable advancements, challenges such as ensuring inclusivity, addressing algorithmic bias, and safeguarding data privacy persist, underscoring the need for ongoing policy adaptation and citizen engagement.
Henri Fayol's Management Principles for Sustainable Development
Authors: Özden Zehra , Tosun Yasin , Özay Zeynep , Doğan Betül
Published: December 2024

Henri Fayol's management principles shape the economic and social effects of fair wages and provide a basis for increasing organizational efficiency. Fair pay increases labor productivity by enhancing employee motivation and commitment. Social equality ensures social peace by reducing inequalities in income distribution and forms the basis of an inclusive economic model, supporting the participation of low-income groups in economic activities. It is important for policymakers to develop legislation to implement fair wage policies and incentivize employers to implement Fayol's principles. These approaches have the potential to increase not only the productivity of organizations but also the welfare of society. Ultimately, the macroeconomic effects of fair wage will lay the foundations for sustainable economies of the future.
Human Relations Theory and Communication From the Perspective of Sustainable Development (Elton Mayo)
Authors: Kasar Aslı
Published: December 2024

This study aims to theoretically evaluate the relationship between sustainable development, human relations, and communication. Sustainable development, in its broadest sense, seeks to improve societal and human welfare. According to the WCED Report, these primary objectives are explained as ensuring human needs and desires (nutrition, shelter, clothing, employment, etc.) and raising people's quality of life above minimum living standards. The report indicates that this is only possible if resources are used in harmony with demographic, commercial, institutional, and technological developments. As the twenty-first century is regarded as the communication age, the concept and usage of “communication” is of great importance to achieve this harmony. The theoretical evaluation conducted in this study reveals the impact of human relations theory and the use of communication on sustainable development goals. In this context, human relations theory demonstrates that the use of communication and feedback from the bottom up in institutions has a positive impact on improving societal and human welfare. In conclusion, from the perspective of human relations theory, it is explained that the use of “communication” is a necessity for achieving sustainable development goals in the twenty-first century communication age, and its importance is emphasized in connection with current developments in the field of communication.
Dynamic Capabilities Theory for Sustainable Development
Authors: Öztürk Nazife
Published: December 2024

Dynamic Capabilities Theory has emerged as a pivotal framework for understanding how organizations adapt, innovate, and thrive in rapidly changing environments. This theory posits that the ability to reconfigure resources and competencies in response to shifting market conditions is essential for sustained competitive advantage. In the context of sustainable development, the relevance of Dynamic Capabilities Theory is particularly pronounced, as organizations face increasing pressures to integrate environmental, social, and economic considerations into their strategic frameworks. As global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality intensify, organisations must cultivate dynamic capabilities that promote sustainability. This section explores the intersection of Dynamic Capabilities Theory and sustainable development, highlighting how the former can inform strategies that enhance organisational resilience and contribute to broader societal goals.
Governance of Organizational Sustainability Management
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G , Avila Francisco J. Gonzàlez , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: December 2024

This research report explores the governance of organizational sustainability management, emphasizing its critical role in embedding sustainable practices within various types of organizations. Organizational sustainability management governance (OSMG) is a framework guiding firms in balancing economic, environmental, and social objectives to achieve long-term viability. This report investigates OSMG's key principles, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence to elucidate its role in promoting sustainable practices. By identifying key governance factors and examining empirical literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how governance structures influence sustainability outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of integrated sustainability governance and provide insights into best practices for embedding sustainability into governance structures.
Analysis of Implications of Sustainable Management on Some Environmental Issues in Governance
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco J. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C. , Rodriguez-Maillard Carlos
Published: December 2024

This study intends to analyze some of the implications that sustainable management have on diverse environmental issues of governance. It is assumed the sustainable management issues have to match with transformative sustainable management governance leading to the reason for continuity and transformation issues and movements of identity on research sustainability. The method used is the meta-analysis and reflective on sustainability management based on a conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature review. It is concluded that the sustainability management issues are relevant in the formation of sustainability management governance.
AI/ML Models With the Framework of Sustainability
Authors: Jain Bindiya , Gupta K. D. , Mamodiya Udit , Awasti Satya Prakash
Published: December 2024

Reshaping of modern society artificial intelligence and machine learning continue to play vital roles in ecofriendly, social, & economic sustainability. This research paper presents a laborious comparative study that investigates into the sustainability aspects of various AI/ML models. In this paper methodology involves a complete investigation of environmental factors, including energy consumption, carbon emissions, economic factors focusing on cost-effectiveness resource competence. Researcher analyzed data from a various set of models, a range of sources, and apply comparative study for measure their sustainability performance. The study on valuable insights into sustainability in different AI/ML models off on their strengths and weaknesses. The context of environmental protection, social responsibility, and economic capability. Researcher discuss the ethical implications and potential margins connected, contributes and deep understanding of the opportunities in the AI/ML technologies with sustainable approach.
Athletic Trainers' Observations of Social Determinants of Health in the Secondary School Setting: A Card Study
Authors: Picha Kelsey J. , Bacon Cailee E. Welch , Lewis Joy , Valier Alison R. Snyder
Published: December 2024

Context

Athletic trainers (ATs) are in a unique position to mitigate the negative impact of social determinants of health (SDH) in their patients. In the secondary school setting, understanding common SDH may inform strategies that reduce these impacts. However, little is known about the types of SDH that ATs observe in patients in this setting.

Objective

To investigate SDH observed by ATs at the point-of-care in the secondary school setting.

Design

Descriptive, observational card study.

Setting

Secondary schools.

Participants

Twenty-seven ATs (mean [SD] age = 29.9 (5.6) years, 23 [85.2%] female).

Main Outcome Measure

Athletic trainers recorded SDH on a standardized observation card during patient interactions. Cards provided instructions for completion and had a 4-column table with a list of 19 predetermined SDH, a checkbox for observed SDH, a checkbox for perceived negative impact of observed SDH on patient health, and an open box to write in actions taken to address the observed SDH.

Results

Overall, 676 cards with 748 observed SDH were collected from 27 secondary schools. Of those, 46.9% (351/748) were perceived to have a negative impact on patient health. The top 3 observed SDH were academic stressors (14.2%, 106/748), access to social media (12.6%, 94/748), and lack of health literacy (11.4%, 85/748). The ATs reported acting on 37.7% of negatively perceived SDH 24 through counseling and education (48.6%, 137/282), additional resources (20.6%, 58/282), referral to others (17.4%, 49/282), and communication with others (13.5%, 38/282).

Conclusions

Our results indicated ATs in the secondary school setting were observing and acting to mitigate the negative impact of SDH. However, these ATs should be prepared to provide resources for patients negatively impacted by academic stressors, social media, and lack of health literacy. Resources, referrals, and additional education for patients may support a healthier community and positively impact athlete health and well-being.
Perioperative therapies and techniques to enhance penile dimensional and functional outcomes following inflatable penile prosthesis implantation: a contemporary 10-year systematic review
Authors: Łaszkiewicz Jan , De Berardinis Ettore , Krajewski Wojciech , Nowak Łukasz , Szydełko Tomasz , Carino Dalila , Asero Vincenzo , Corvino Roberta , Scornajenghi Carlo Maria , Savarese Gabriele , Bignante Gabriele , Crocetto Felice , Ferro Matteo , Rocco Bernardo , Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Li Shufeng , Zhang Chiyuan Amy , Basran Satvir , Mulloy Anthony , Glover Frank , Scott Michael , Ha Albert Sangji , Eisenberg Michael L , Del Giudice Francesco
Published: December 2024

Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis should be considered as a definitive treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, the sole procedure might not allow for optimal dimensional and functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and present the findings on the optimal choice of perioperative methods, surgical techniques, and pharmacotherapy to improve penile length, curvature, and erectile function. Fifteen studies and 697 men were included. Nine studies focused on intraoperative techniques only, while 6 described intra- and postoperative methods. Regarding the outcomes, curvature of the penis was reported in 12 studies, penile length in 5 studies, penile girth in 2 studies, and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score in 7 studies. According to this systematic review, extreme angulation can be reduced using plaque/corporal incisions and grafting with collagen fleece, as well as “scratch” technique with postoperative vacuum therapy. Also, among patients with preoperative curvature of approximately 30°–40°, penile plication, corporoplasty, tunica expansion procedure, manual, and at-home modeling can provide good results. In addition, corporal incisions plus grafting, as well as postoperative vacuum therapy might be the most beneficial in terms of length improvement. Importantly, penile implant in combination with the sealing, daily, and early prosthesis activation proved to improve length. Moreover, postoperative vacuum therapy has also been shown to greatly increase penile circumference. Finally, penile implant in combination with the sealing, corporal incisions plus grafting, “scratch” technique, vacuum therapy, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor are all associated with major improvements in sexual function.
Ocular hemodynamics in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Icoz Sule Gokcek Gurturk , Yorgun Mucella Arıkan , Bayhan Gulsum Iclal , Icoz Mehmet , Yahsi Aysun
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate retinal vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 21 patients who were diagnosed with MIS-C and had a history of hospitalization, 20 pediatric outpatients with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, and 26 healthy children. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination and OCTA. In the MIS-C and pediatric COVID-19 groups, these evaluations were made 6 months after diagnosis. The vascular density values of the superficial, deep, and radial peripapillary capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP, and RPCP, respectively), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimeter, acircularity index, and foveal density), and outer retinal and choriocapillaris flow area values were recorded using OCTA.

Results:

No pathology was detected in the ophthalmologic examinations of the three groups with similar age and gender distributions. Although the vascular density values of SCP, DCP, and RPCP were found to be higher in most quadrants in the MIS-C group, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05 for all). FAZ parameters and flow area measurements were similar in all three groups (P > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:

This is the first study to evaluate relatively long-term outcomes in patients with MIS-C and pediatric COVID-19 together. This study shows no changes in the SCP and DCP parameters in pediatric age group, which shows that ocular hemodynamic changes may not be reflected on OCTA after 6 months.
Exploring postgraduates’ experiences: A focused group discussion on violence against doctors
Authors: Mangasuli Vijayalaxmi , Vijeth S. B. , Sidenur Bhagyalaxmi , Amrutha A. M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Workplace violence against physicians is a major occupational hazard worldwide. This study explored doctors’ experiences and perspectives on violence through focus group discussions.

Materials and Methods:

Four focus groups were conducted with 36 postgraduate trainees from various specialties at a hospital in Karnataka, India. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

Results:

Verbal abuse was the most prevalent form of violence experienced, followed by threats and physical assaults. Key factors precipitating violence included long waits, unmet expectations, miscommunication, and distrust on doctors. Impacts included increased staff stress, compromised care due to delays or avoidance of high-risk situations, and lasting psychological effects. Suggested interventions were improved security, training in de-escalation, zero-tolerance policies, and support systems for affected staff.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence that workplace violence remains a critical issue for doctors in India. Multifaceted strategies are urgently needed focusing on training, communication, security, and policies to prevent and address violence. Further research should investigate risk factors and interventions.
Case Report of a 27-year-old Patient with Hair Dye Poisoning Causing Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Kumar B Jeevan , Kondaveeti Devaki , Mounika G , Saraswathi P , Prasad P Dharani , Gokul T
Published: December 2024

Most suicides in India are brought on by ingesting poisons, with hair dye being the popular choice. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is the principal hazardous component of hair dye. Hair color hazardous effects are dose dependent and include acute kidney injury (AKI), metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, hypocalcemia, convulsions, and death. Here, we describe a notable instance of a young man with an AKI, pedal edema, oliguria, and epigastric burning sensation who has poisoned by hair dye. Proper supportive care, hemodialysis, and decreased serum creatinine had improved his health status. We are presenting this case to create awareness about hair dye poisoning and to know the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of toxicity.
Comparison of Forensic Virtual Autopsy and Conventional Autopsy Findings in China: A 10-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Ya-Wen , Wang Zhuo-Qun , Tian Zhi-Ling , Dong He-Wen , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Fu En-Hao , Huang Jiang , Zou Dong-Hua , Liu Ning-Guo
Published: December 2024

Background:

This study evaluates the noninvasive virtual autopsy (virtopsy), which uses imaging technologies like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging to examine deceased internal structures, as an alternative to traditional autopsies due to its less invasive nature and greater family acceptance.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim was to assess virtopsy’s effectiveness by comparing it with traditional autopsies in 322 cases from the Academy of Forensic Science in China over a decade, focusing on various anatomical regions and tissues.

Materials and Methods:

Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and PMCT angiography (PMCTA) were performed on 204 cadavers before traditional autopsies, with the agreement between virtopsy and autopsy findings assessed using Cohen kappa values.

Results:

Virtopsy showed higher sensitivity in detecting fractures, particularly in hard-to-access bones, but was less sensitive to rib fractures. Autopsy was more effective for intracranial injuries and organ pathologies, while PMCTA excelled at revealing vascular lesions and injuries.

Conclusion:

Virtopsy is effective for certain tissues and organs, serving as an auxiliary and guiding tool in traditional autopsies, thus enhancing forensic diagnosis and case resolution.