bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Issues in Infant and Developmental Research for the creation of Robust and Replicable Science
Authors: Davis-Kean Pamela , Ellis Alexa
Published: July 2019

In the last few years, the field of psychology has been challenged with a crisis in the rigor and reproducibility of science. The focus of these issues has primarily been in social, cognitive, and cognitive neuroscience psychology, however, the area of developmental research is not immune to these issues. This paper provides an overview of the “replication crisis” and the choices made by researchers that are often not noted in methods, thus making the replication of studies more difficult. In this review, we discuss issues of researcher flexibility in the data design and selection of sample size, collection, and analysis stages of research. In each of these areas, we address examples of bias and how developmental researchers can address these issues in their own research.
Analiza statističkih podataka IOM-a vezanih za migracije na južnim granicama Europske unije 2015. –2018.
Authors: Vulas Antonio
Published: July 2019

Članak se bavi problemom interpretacije statističkih podataka vezanih za kretanje migracija na južnim granicama Europske unije u razdoblju od 2015. do 2018. godine. Koristeći statističke podatke, koje je izradila specijalizirana institucija UN-a, nastoji se upozoriti na problem priljeva migranata nakon okončanja „velike migrantske krize 2015./2016.” te na probleme interpretacije statističkih podataka za to razdoblje. Naglašavajući važnost statistike za prethodna razdoblja u pogledu određivanja aktivnosti u budućnosti, nastoji se naglasiti važnost analiziranja statističkih promjena i čimbenika koji su na njih utjecali.
Naglasak je stavljen na autorovo promišljanje o čimbenicima koji su utjecali na statističke promjene te na određivanje prirode njihova utjecaja na statistička kretanja. Pritom se upozorava da bi se u svakoj analizi statističkih promjena naglasak morao staviti na definiranje čimbenika koji su utjecali na statističke promjene, na određivanje prirode tih čimbenika, na njihovu trajnost te na mogućnost ponavljanja takvih utjecaja u budućnosti.
PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU BELAJAR SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH AL IKHLAS MOWEWE
Authors: Nur Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The object of this thesis is to research the application of cooperative learning model on learning of Islamic education in establishing students learning behaviour at Al-Ikhlash Islamic Junior High School of Mowewe. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Cooperative Leaning Model in establishing student learning behaviour.The research used qualitative approach, and case study method with descriptive analysis.Primary data sourcedfrom Head of Madrasah, teachers and students. While the secondary data sourced from data about the objective condition of Al-Ikhlas Islamic Junior High School of Mowewe which is detailed, processed, and analyzed. The research technique included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data is processed and analyzed through reduction, presentation, and data conclusions. Validity test data include credibility and confirmbility test.The results of this study are The application of Cooperative Learning on the Islamic education learning in student learning behaviour is done through three types: learning together, group discussion, and Jigsaw.The implication of this study is expected to inform and contribute in educational improvement. It hoped from the application of Cooperative Learning in Islamic education learning in student learning behaviour to createthe policies and wisdom to deal the complexity of learning problems.
An Exploratory Study to Measure the Value and Reach of a University Press
Authors: Brinkley-Etzkorn Karen , Lane India , Danforth Scot
Published: July 2019

University presses publish works of scholarly, intellectual, or creative merit tailored to an audience of specialists or a group with a shared interest. They also connect their host institution to local and regional communities and generate positive publicity for the institution. In recent years, however, university presses have faced increased scrutiny for myriad financial reasons. The purpose of this study was to measure the extrinsic and intrinsic value of one university press by gathering multiple sources of data on productivity, academic reach, and peer comparisons. Additionally, many of the press’s recently published authors completed an anonymous online survey about their experiences, preferences, and satisfaction with aspects of the publishing process. Despite the press’s recent financial struggles, the results of this study showed evidence of the press’s benefits and value, and authors who responded to the survey reported high rates of satisfaction, personal and scholarly growth, and positive outcomes from their publishing experience. The methods of data gathering undertaken for this study may be instructive for others contemplating a similar evaluation of their press’s value. Specifically, the survey described herein aimed to measure the value of the press in the view of one of its primary stakeholders — its authors — and similarly designed surveys could measure the value of the press in the view of other important stakeholders. Important implications for the press’s practices and future avenues of research are discussed.
Impact attenuator conceptual design using lightweight materials and meta-modeling technique
Authors: Albak Emre İsa , Solmaz Erol , Kaya Necmettin , Öztürk Ferruh
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the use of lightweight design and optimization methodology as a computer aided approach to enhancing the conceptual design of an impact attenuator for a Formula SAE race car. The most important question answered here is how to improve conceptual design outlines to assist a designer with respect to an impact attenuator design. In this study, different tools for lightweight design and optimization are compared to find the most suitable procedures and optimization techniques for an impact attenuator design. The geometrical features used as design variables and constraints are defined according to Formula SAE rules. The optimization problem is solved using a genetic algorithm and sequential quadratic programming methods by means of meta-modeling techniques. It is found that lightweight design and optimization can be used to enhance the conceptual design outlines of an impact attenuator through EPP foam, kriging meta-modeling and genetic algorithm optimization techniques.
Friction stir welded and deep drawn multi-material tailor welded blanks
Authors: Panzer Florian , Schneider Matthias , Werz Martin , Weihe Stefan
Published: July 2019

The ever increasing demand for more resource-efficient and safer vehicles in today's automotive industry makes lightweight construction techniques necessary. However, overcoming contradicting requirements arising from lightweight design and safety remains a challenging task. The extent to which lightweight measures can be applied in order to save fuel, heavily depends on the fact that rising safety requirements have to be met by increasing strength of parts. This contradicting demand for parts with high strength and low weight leads to the development of new production technologies. One example, regarding car body components, is the tailor welded blank (TWB) technology. In tailor welded blanks, materials and thicknesses are locally adapted to meet the needed strength and strain properties while keeping the weight as low as possible. While tailor welded blanks consisting of similar materials with different thicknesses are already used in vehicles, the use of TWBs with dissimilar materials, e.g. steel and aluminum, is still in development due to the problems in joining dissimilar materials. Especially when manufacturing parts made of TWBs through joining and subsequent deep drawing, the joint needs to have very good strength properties in order not to fail during forming. One way to overcome these joining difficulties is friction stir welding. In this paper, a methodology is presented to produce multi-material tailor welded blanks with varying thicknesses through friction stir welding (FSW) and deep drawing in a subsequent step. A newly developed FSW joint configuration is used to weld steel sheets in 1 mm thickness to 2 mm thick aluminum sheets. A welding parameter study is conducted to investigate the influence of the process parameters on the joint quality. Tensile and Nakajima tests show that the joint strength, obtained with optimal process parameters, exceeds the strength of the steel base material. Thus, failure occurs in the steel, whereas the joint remains intact. The friction stir welded blanks were furthermore deep drawn. Two different tool approaches were tested to compensate the different sheet thicknesses during the forming process. Using the more suitable approach, blanks were deep drawn with three different punch geometries to show the potential of friction stir welding for the manufacturing of multi-material tailor welded blanks.
Impact of oxygen doping on AC impedance, complex dielectric and electrical modulus spectra of a Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O ceramic
Authors: Çataltepe Özden Aslan , Özdemir Zeynep Güven , Kılıç Mehmet , Onbaşlı Ülker
Published: July 2019

In this study, the AC impedance, the complex dielectric function, and the complex electric modulus properties of mercury based copper oxide layered cuprates, which have superconducting properties below the critical transition temperature, have been investigated at room temperature. The HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+x samples were synthesized by a conventional, solid state reaction preparation method with an identical stoichiometric ratio. The varied oxygen content of the sample was obtained by oxygen annealing. The AC impedance and the related dielectric and electric modulus properties of non-oxygen doped (i. e. as grown) and optimum oxygen doped HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+x samples, was measured by an impedance analyzer at room temperature within the frequency interval of 10 Hz–10 MHz. AC impedance spectroscopy analyses of the samples suggest Koop's bilayer model for the structure of Hg-based perovskites. Additionally, the optimally oxygen doped process increased grain and grain boundary resistance along with decreasing grain size. Moreover, AC conductivity results have also confirmed the increased resistive behavior of the sample due to oxygen doping. Furthermore, complex dielectric function analyses have determined an oxygen doping induced negative dielectric constant for the mercury cuprates. In this context, optimally oxygen doped mercury cuprate has a promising potential for metamaterial coating applications.
Pesquisa de Leishmania spp. em flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) do munícipio de Iúna, Espírito Santo
Authors: Zanini Marcos , Gripp de Faria Humberto , Ferreira Magnago Lais Regina , Dos Santos de Jesus Gabriela , Vieira Almeida Yuri , Savergnini Poleze Laisa , Madureira Ana Paula
Published: July 2019

This study evaluated the local fauna of phlebotomine vectors for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in the rural region of Iúna, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Diptera catches encompassed five rural locations where ATL cases had previously been reported. The selection criteria for the installation of the traps were properties with a previous history of human clinical cases of ATL and the presence of dogs without clinical signs of the disease, but seropositive to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis by the indirect ELISA technique. The collections were carried out with the aid of "CDC" type light traps (Centers for Diseases Controls) installed at 6:00 p.m. and collected at 06:00 a.m., totaling 336 operating hours. Among fourteen collection points, ten showed positive for the presence of sandflies, and a total of 1148 specimens were all processed and identified. The 60 females from positive collection point was submitted to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to evaluate the presence of the genus Leishmania spp. in the digestive tubes of Diptera. Three females were positive for nucleic acids of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Among the 1148 phlebotomines, the species Migonemyia migonei was the one that presented the most abundant being responsible for 71.7% of the specimens, followed by Nyssomyia intermedia 21.5%, adding the other species captured 6.8%. Considering the vector capacity of Mg. migonei and Ny. intermedia, as well as their anthropophilic habits already described in the literature, we can suggest that these species may be acting as transmitters of ATL in the region.
Efficacy of Rose Oil Soft Capsules on Clinical Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tavakoli Ali , Shirzad Meysam , Taghavi Alireza , Fattahi Mohammadreza , Ahmadian-Attari Mohammadmahdi , Mohammad Taghizadeh Leila , Rostami Chaijan Mahsa , Sedigh Rahimabadi Masih , Akrami Rahimeh , Pasalar Mehdi
Published: July 2019

Background: Ulcerative colitis is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide, which presents with superficial ulcers in the rectum and colon. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of rose oil soft capsules over placebo on the clinical outcomes in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Materials and Methods: This study was a pilot randomized, double-blind clinical trial, and the 40 patients were assigned into rose oil and placebo groups (n=20 per group). All patients were instructed to use their prescribed two soft capsules three times daily for two months. The clinical symptoms, quality of life the patients, and calprotectin level were evaluated via partial Mayo clinic score, irritable bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ-9), and calprotectin kit as primary outcome measures. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41±10 years. Most of them (53.6%) were male, and the remaining (46.4%) were female. The demographic and baseline data showed no differences between the two groups. Partial Mayo clinic scores decreased in both groups after the treatment, but the difference between the rose oil and placebo groups was not statistically significant (P=0.99). IBDQ-9 score also increased in both interventions before and after the treatment (P=0.012), though the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (P=0.61). There were no significant differences between the two study groups either in terms of calprotectin level (P=0.219). Conclusion: This study showed that rose oil might improve ulcerative colitis clinical outcomes, but for a better evaluation, it is imperative to conduct experiments with a large sample size and longer follow-up observation. [GMJ.2019;8:e1307]
Jesus' Resurrection Appearances in 1 Cor 15,5-8 in the Light of the Syntagma ὤφθη + Dative
Authors: Gieniusz Andrzej Marek
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present article is to establish the meaning of ὤφθη + a dative of indirect object in the light of its usage in koine Greek in general and in the LXX and related Jewish literature. Such a thorough analysis of the syntagma reveals that it is not very suitable as a proof of the factuality of the appearances of the Risen Christ. In the light of the use of the formula in koine Greek it seems much more probable that its primary function in the context of 1 Cor 15,5-8 is to announce the salvific dimension of the event as the beginning of eschatological salvation and as the present warranty of the future fulfilment of the resurrection of (all) the dead.
Dan Batovici - Kristin De Troyer (eds.), Authoritative Texts and Reception History. Aspects and Approaches (Biblical Interpretation Series 151; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2017)
Authors: Oracz Anna
Published: July 2019

Book Review: Authoritative Texts and Reception History: Aspects and Approaches (ed. Dan Batovici - Kristin De Troyer) (Biblical Interpretation Series 151; Leiden – Boston: Brill 2017) (Anna Oracz)
Reimund Bieringer – Emmanuel Nathan – Didier Pollefeyt – Peter J. Tomson (eds.), Second Corinthians in the Perspective of Late Second Temple Judaism (Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum 14; Leiden: Brill 2014)
Authors: Kowalski Marcin
Published: July 2019

Book review Reimund Bieringer – Emmanuel Nathan – Didier Pollefeyt – Peter J. Tomson (eds.), Second Corinthians in the Perspective of Late Second Temple Judaism (Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum 14; Leiden: Brill 2014)
Strategische Partnerschaft oder Herausforderung? Deutschlands China-Politik braucht einen stabilen europäischen Rahmen
Authors: Gareis Sven Bernhard
Published: July 2019

Deutschland und China verbindet eine überaus erfolgreiche ‚Umfassende Strategische Partnerschaft‘, die auf gemeinsamen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Interessen gründet. Allerdings zeichnet sich seit einiger Zeit ab, dass die Beziehungen zu China neben großem ökonomischen Nutzen auch handfeste Herausforderungen bereithalten. China strebt eine globale Führungsrolle im Hochtechnologiebereich an – und investiert auch in Deutschland in entsprechende Unternehmen. Umgekehrt zeigt sich China sehr restriktiv, wenn es um Marktzugänge im eigenen Land geht. Deutschland sollte daher seinen Umgang mit China verstärkt in einen europäischen Rahmen stellen – die EU ist die einzige Einrichtung mit dem Potenzial, das gewaltige Machtgefälle zwischen China und einzelnen europäischen Staaten zu balancieren.
Warum die Gesellschaftswissenschaften keinen realitätsgetreuen Blick auf die Welt vermitteln
Authors: Schröder Martin
Published: July 2019

Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Sozialwissenschaften ein zu negatives Bild der Welt vermitteln. Menschen denken deswegen regelmäßig, dass das Leben von Menschen in entwickelten Ländern und weltweit schlechter ist, als emprische Daten es dokumentieren.
„Erkühne Dich, weise zu sein!“ Grundrisse einer Gemeinsinn-Ökonomie
Authors: Graupe Silja , Loske Reinhard , Ötsch Walter O.
Published: July 2019

Die Klimastreiks junger Menschen zeigen, wie Theorie und Praxis gegeneinander ausgespielt zu werden drohen. Diese Kluft zu überwinden, ist Kernanliegen der jungen Cusanus Hochschule, die alle Autor*innen dieses Beitrags aufbauen und mitgestalten. Mit ihrem neuen Konzept der Gemeinsinn-Ökonomie zeigen sie, wie gerade die Befähigung zum reflektierten Gemeinsinn fundamental für die Neugestaltung der Wirtschaft ist.
Selective Protective Potency of Yersinia pestis ΔnlpD Mutants
Authors: Dentovskaya S. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Kopylov P. Kh. , Shaikhutdinova R. Z. , Platonov М. E. , Kombarova T. I. , Gapel’chenkova T. V. , Balakhonov S. V. , Anisimov A. P.
Published: July 2019

It has recently been shown that the NlpD lipoprotein is essential to Yersinia pestis virulence and that subcutaneous administration of the nlpD mutant could protect mice against bubonic and pneumonic plague better than the EV vaccine strain [PLoS One 2009. V. 4. № 9. e7023]. In this study, similar nlpD mutants were generated on the basis of other Y. pestis parent strains, including strains from the subspecies microtus, which is avirulent to guinea pigs and humans. Comparative testing confirmed that immunization of mice with nlpD mutants induces immunity 105 times more potent than the one induced by the administration of the EV vaccine strain. At the same time, NlpD- bacteria failed to protect guinea pigs in the case of a subcutaneous challenge with Y. pestis, inducing a 106 times less potent protection compared with that conferred by immunization with the EV vaccine strain. The possible causes of the observed phenomena are discussed.
Recombinant α-NAcetylgalactosaminidase from Marine Bacterium-Modifying A Erythrocyte Antigens
Authors: Balabanova L. A. , Golotin V. А. , Bakunina I. Yu. , Slepchenko L. V. , Isakov V. V , Podvolotskaya A. B. , Rasskazov V. А.
Published: July 2019

A plasmid based on pET-40b was constructed to synthesize recombinant -N-acetylgalactosaminidase of the marine bacterium Arenibacter latericius KMM 426 T (-AlNaGal) in Escherichia coli cells. The yield of -Al-NaGal attains 10 mg/ml with activity of 49.7 1.3 U at 16C, concentration of inductor 2 mM, and cultivation for 12 h. Techniques such as anion exchange, metal affinity and gel filtration chromatography to purify -AlNaGal were applied. -AlNaGal is a homodimer with a molecular weight of 164 kDa. This enzyme is stable at up to 50C with a temperature range optimum activity of 20-37C. Furthermore, its activity is independent of the presence of metal ions in the incubation medium. 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that -AlNaGal catalyzes the hydrolysis of the O-glycosidic bond with retention of anomeric stereochemistry and possesses a mechanism of action identical to that of other glycoside hydrolases of the 109 family. -AlNaGal reduces the serological activity of A erythrocytes at pH 7.3. This property of -AlNaGal can potentially be used for enzymatic conversion of A and AB erythrocytes to blood group O erythrocytes.
Model Systems of Motor Neuron Diseases As a Platform for Studying Pathogenic Mechanisms and Searching for Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Valetdinova K. R. , Medvedev S. P. , Zakian S. M.
Published: July 2019

Over the past 30 years, many molecular genetic mechanisms underlying motor neuron diseases (MNDs) have been discovered and studied. Among these diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which causes the progressive degeneration and death of central and peripheral motor neurons, and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which is one of the inherited diseases that prevail among hereditary diseases in the pattern of child mortality, hold a special place. These diseases, like most nerve, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases, cannot be treated appropriately at present. Artificial model systems, especially those that are based on the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are of paramount importance in searching for adequate therapeutic agents, as well as for a deep understanding of the MND pathogenesis. This review is mainly focused on the recent advance in the development of and research into cell and animal models of ALS and SMA. The main issues concerning the use of cellular technologies in biomedical applications are also described.
Structure and Biological Functions of β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Panteleev P. V. , Bolosov I. A. , Balandin S. V. , Ovchinnikova T. V.
Published: July 2019

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient factors of the innate immune system that serve as a crucial first line of defense for humans, animals, and plants against infection. This review focuses on the structural organization, biosynthesis, and biological functions of AMPs that possess a -hairpin spatial structure. Representatives of this class of AMPs are among the most active antibiotic molecules of animal origin. Due to their wide spectrum of activity and resistance to internal environmental factors, natural -hairpin AMPbased compounds might become the most promising drug candidates.
The Role of Ala198 in the Stability and Coenzyme Specificity of Bacterial Formate Dehydrogenases
Authors: Alekseeva A. A. , Fedorchuk V. V. , Zarubina S. A. , Sadykhov E. G. , Matorin A. D. , Savin S. S. , Tishkov V. I.
Published: July 2019

It has been shown by an X-ray structural analysis that the amino acid residues Ala198, which are located in the coenzyme-binding domain of NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.2., FDH) from bacteria Pseudomonas sp.101 and Moraxella sp. C-1 (PseFDH and MorFDH, respectively), have non-optimal values of the angles and . These residues were replaced with Gly by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants PseFDH A198G and MorFDH A198G were expressed in E.coli cells and obtained in active and soluble forms with more than 95% purity. The study of thermal inactivation kinetics showed that the mutation A198G results in a 2.5- fold increase in stability compared to one for the wild-type enzymes. Kinetic experiments indicate that A198G replacement reduces the K M NAD+ value from 60 to 35 and from 80 to 45 M for PseFDH and MorFDH, respectively, while the K M HCOO- value remains practically unchanged. Amino acid replacement A198G was also added to the mutant PseFDH D221S with the coenzyme specificity changed from NAD + to NADP +. In this case, an increase in thermal stability was also observed, but the influence of the mutation on the kinetic parameters was opposite: KM increased from 190 to 280 M and from 43 to 89 mM for NADP + and formate, respectively. According to the data obtained, inference could be drawn that earlier formate dehydrogenase from bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 101 was specific to NADP +, but not to NAD +.
Theories of Aging: An Ever-Evolving Field
Authors: Sergiev P. V. , Dontsova O. A. , Berezkin G. V.
Published: July 2019

Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lectins As Targets for Novel Antibacterials
Authors: Grishin A. V. , Krivozubov M. S. , Karyagina A. S. , Gintsburg A. L.
Published: July 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widespread and troublesome opportunistic pathogens that is capable of colonizing various human tissues and organs and is often resistant to many currently used antibiotics. This resistance is caused by different factors, including the acquisition of specific resistance genes, intrinsic capability to diminish antibiotic penetration into the bacterial cell, and the ability to form biofilms. This situation has prompted the development of novel compounds differing in their mechanism of action from traditional antibiotics that suppress the growth of microorganisms or directly kill bacteria. Instead, these new compounds should decrease the pathogens ability to colonize and damage human tissues by inhibiting the virulence factors and biofilm formation. The lectins LecA and LecB that bind galactose and fucose, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides containing these sugars, are among the most thoroughly-studied targets for such novel antibacterials. In this review, we summarize the results of experiments highlighting the importance of these proteins for P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and provide information on existing lectins inhibitors and their effectiveness in various experimental models. Particular attention is paid to the effects of lectins inhibition in animal models of infection and in clinical practice. We argue that lectins inhibition is a perspective approach to combating P. aeruginosa. However, despite the existence of highly effective in vitro inhibitors, further experiments are required in order to advance these inhibitors into pre-clinical studies.
Extracellular Nucleic Acids in Urine: Sources, Structure, Diagnostic Potential
Authors: Bryzgunova O. E. , Laktionov P. P.
Published: July 2019

Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) may reach the urine through cell necrosis or apoptosis, active secretion of nucleic acids by healthy and tumor cells of the urinary tract, and transport of circulating nucleic acids (cir-NA) from the blood into primary urine. Even though urinary DNA and RNA are fragmented, they can be used to detect marker sequences. MicroRNAs are also of interest as diagnostic probes. The stability of cfNA in the urine is determined by their structure and packaging into supramolecular complexes and by nuclease activity in the urine. This review summarizes current data on the sources of urinary cfNA, their structural features, diagnostic potential and factors affecting their stability.
Life Sciences in Russia: Priorities in 2014-2020
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu. V. , Prostova M. A. , Kvetinskaya A. V. , Lisitsa A. V.
Published: July 2019

Life sciences are a priority in scientific development in Russia. The scientific interests of Russian research teams working in this area cover a range from the design of devices to sophisticated molecular biological experiments. The concept of implementation of the Life Sciences was developed based on proposals for research topics and projects submitted to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in 2013-2014. The concept defines four major directions of developments: (1) personal genomics and post-genomic technologies; (2) integrating devices and materials with the body; (3) memory and brain plasticity; and (4) bioactive substances.
The Same Synaptic Vesicles Originate Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmitter Release
Authors: Grigoryev P. N. , Zefirov A. L.
Published: July 2019

Transmitter release and synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis during high-frequency stimulation (20 pulses/s) in the extracellular presence of different bivalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+) were studied in frog cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparations. It was shown in electrophysiological experiments that almost only synchronous transmitter release was registered in a Ca2+-containing solution; a high intensity of both synchronous and asynchronous transmitter release was registered in a Sr2+-containing solution, and asynchronous transmitter release almost only was observed in a Ba2+-containing solution. It was shown in experiments with a FM 1-43 fluorescent dye that the synaptic vesicles that undergo exocytosis-endocytosis during synchronous transmitter release (Ca-solutions) are able to participate in asynchronous exocytosis in Ba-solutions. The vesicles that had participated in the asynchronous transmitter release (Ba-solutions) could subsequently participate in a synchronous release (Ca-solutions). It was shown in experiments with isolated staining of recycling and reserve synaptic vesicle pools that both types of evoked transmitter release originate from the same synaptic vesicle pool.
Genomic Study of Cardiovascular Continuum Comorbidity
Authors: Makeeva O. A. , Sleptsov A. A. , Kulish E. V. , Barbarash O. L. , Mazur A. M. , Prokhorchuk E. B. , Chekanov N. N. , Stepanov V. A. , Puzyrev V. P.
Published: July 2019

Comorbidity or a combination of several diseases in the same individual is a common and widely investigated phenomenon. However, the genetic background for non-random disease combinations is not fully understood. Modern technologies and approaches to genomic data analysis enable the investigation of the genetic profile of patients burdened with several diseases (polypathia, disease conglomerates) and its comparison with the profiles of patients with single diseases. An association study featuring three groups of patients with various combinations of cardiovascular disorders and a control group of relatively healthy individuals was conducted. Patients were selected as follows: presence of only one disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD); a combination of two diseases, IHD and arterial hypertension (AH); and a combination of several diseases, including IHD, AH, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypercholesterolemia (HC). Genotyping was performed using the My Gene genomic service (www.i-gene.ru). An analysis of 1,400 polymorphic genetic variants and their associations with the studied phenotypes are presented. A total of 14 polymorphic variants were associated with the phenotype IHD only, including those in the APOB, CD226, NKX2-5, TLR2, DPP6, KLRB1, VDR, SCARB1, NEDD4L, and SREBF2 genes, and intragenic variants rs12487066, rs7807268, rs10896449, and rs944289. A total of 13 genetic markers were associated with the IHD and AH phenotype, including variants in the BTNL2, EGFR, CNTNAP2, SCARB1, and HNF1A genes, and intragenic polymorphisms rs801114, rs10499194, rs13207033, rs2398162, rs6501455, and rs1160312. A total of 14 genetic variants were associated with a combination of several diseases of cardiovascular continuum (CVC), including those in the TAS2R38, SEZ6L, APOA2, KLF7, CETP, ITGA4, RAD54B, LDLR, and MTAP genes, along with intragenic variants rs1333048, rs1333049, and rs6501455. One common genetic marker was identified for the IHD only and IHD and AH phenotypes: rs4765623 in the SCARB1 gene; two common genetic markers, rs663048 in SEZ6L and intragenic rs6501455, were identified for the IHD and AH phenotype and a combination of several diseases (syntropy); there were no common genetic markers for the syntropy and IHD only phenotypes. Classificatory analysis of the relationships between the associated genes and metabolic pathways revealed that lipid-metabolizing genes are involved in the development of all three CVC variants, whereas immunity-response genes are specific to the IHD only phenotype. The study demonstrated that comorbidity presents additional challenges in association studies of disease predisposition, since the genetic profile of combined forms of pathology can be markedly different from those for isolated single forms of a disease.
中国传统文化元素在平面设计中的设计美学思考
Authors: 邓 丽玲
Published: July 2019

我国传统文化在社会发展和艺术创新有着十分重要的作用。现代平面设计发展中,很多设计师在设计中也充分融入了中国传统文化元素,一方面充分展现了设计师的个性,另一方面也传承了传统文化当中的精华。本文主要分析了中国传统文化元素在平面设计中的设计的意义及不同文化元素的应用,以供参考。
浅析高校体育教育的审美教育
Authors: 李 勇明
Published: July 2019

体育教育活动为高校学生昀为热爱的学习科目之一,在该教育活动中,高校学生可以获得丰富体育知识的学习和强健体魄的锻炼。体育运动所展现的健与美做为体美结合的重要源泉,是体育美育课程的具体体现,其与当下高校体育教育对教育对象身心和谐健康发展的教育目标十分契合。因而,审美教育在高校体育教育中独具价值,是帮助高校学生顺利完成健康个性发展,树立正确体育意识的重要教育工具,体育与美育做为不可分割的整体,都是社会文化的重要组成部分。因而对审美教育在高校体育教育中的价值体现进行重新审视和深入剖析,使高校体育执教者充分重视并自觉于教学实践中融入审美教育,具有十分积极的意义。
Co-diseñar el problema de proyecto. Participación en diseño a escala local y uso de la linkografía como medio para estudiar las interacciones de diseño
Authors: Aránguiz Gonzalo , Opazo Daniel
Published: July 2019

Durante la última década, ha surgido en Chile una demanda social respecto de la incorporación de la participación ciudadana en los procesos de producción de ciudad y territorio. Dicha demanda no ha tenido todavía una respuesta cabal desde el Estado en términos de generar marcos legales y metodológicos consistentes con las exigencias de participación de la ciudadanía. Entre los obstáculos a una participación en diseño inclusiva, vinculante y efectiva hay variables de orden institucional como procedimental. Entre ellas, una variable importante parece ser la insuficiente conexión entre los procesos de proyecto y el sistema de evaluación de proyectos de inversión.Un ejemplo de ello es que, en la mayoría de los proyectos de desarrollo urbano o territorial, las instancias de participación se programan en la etapa de diseño, cuando la mayor parte de las decisiones sobre el programa, su localización y presupuesto ya han sido tomadas.Nuestro trabajo aborda esta problemática mediante el desarrollo de una experiencia de participación en diseño de espacios públicos a escala local en Alhué, con énfasis en dos aspectos. Por una parte, el codiseño del problema de proyecto, entendido como espacio de posibilidad para relacionar aspectos políticos y procedimentales con asuntos estéticos y funcionales en un proceso de participación temprana. Por otra parte, la posibilidad de evaluar de forma cualitativa la interacción entre diseñadores expertos y no expertos, así como entre representantes institucionales y miembros de la comunidad. La propuesta metodológica se basó en un análisis inverso del problema de diseño y en un análisis de protocolo a través del método de la linkografía. Los resultados muestran que el acento en la discusión del problema de diseño permitió generar dinámicas de complementariedad antes que de conflicto y otorgar legitimidad a las propuestas de imagen objetivo desarrolladas por el municipio, así como a la priorización de proyectos.
Efectos de las autopistas urbanas en sus entornos inmediatos: un análisis desde la Sintaxis Espacial
Authors: Figueroa Cristhian , Greene Margarita , Mora Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

La inauguración del túnel bajo la avenida Kennedy en octubre de 2017 en Santiago, transformó en vía expresa el último tramo de la autopista oriente-poniente de la ciudad que aún mantenía ciertas características de vía local. Con ello, se puso fin a la primera etapa de autopistas urbanas que entraron en funcionamiento hace ya 20 años y que han sido cuestionadas desde distintos frentes. Este trabajo busca profundizar en el análisis de los efectos (positivos y negativos) que la actual red de autopistas urbanas tiene en los barrios adyacentes, usando el marco teórico y metodológico de la sintaxis espacial.Para ello se analizaron las cuatro autopistas que penetran en el tejido urbano (Autopista Central, Costanera Norte, Acceso Sur a Santiago y Américo Vespucio), y tres escenarios: situación base, ciudad gratuita, y ciudad tarificada, considerando un buffer de 500 metros desde cada autopista para el análisis.Los resultados mostraron que la integración global o accesibilidad global de la red de calles, varió fuertemente en las cuatro autopistas analizadas, mientras que la integración local (accesibilidad a nivel de barrio) no muestra mayores cambios. Las variaciones a nivel global se explican por la forma en que fue intervenida la trama de calles vecinas a las autopistas: mientras en algunos casos se hizo un esfuerzo por generar continuidad entre ambos lados de la vía donde antes no la había (por ejemplo, Costanera Norte donde se construyeron nuevos puentes sobre el río Mapocho); en otros la intervención de las autopistas sobre la trama de calles tendió a dividir barrios que antes eran uno solo (por ejemplo Acceso Sur).Lo anterior muestra que los efectos negativos de las autopistas en los barrios pueden ser mitigados (en gran medida), con un adecuado diseño de las conexiones en sus bordes. Pasados 20 años desde la primera autopista urbana en Santiago, parece necesario que estas infraestructuras comiencen a ser evaluadas como proyectos urbanos con consecuencias en sus entornos.
Emergency medical services core competencies: a Delphi study
Authors: AlShammari Talal , Jennings Paul , Williams Brett
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThe emergency medical services (EMS) education in Saudi Arabia has evolved considerably during the past decade and this rapid improvement has seen a disparity of educational approaches. Therefore, a core competency framework which aligns with the requirements of Saudi EMS education should be identified and accommodated. The aim of this study was to obtain professional group consensus on the desirable core competencies for EMS Bachelor degree graduates in Saudi Arabia in order to develop a core competency framework for Saudi Arabian EMS.MethodsA two-round Delphi method using a quantitative survey with a purposeful sampling technique of expert information-rich participants was used. The instrument comprised 40 core competency statements (rated on a 1-10 Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not important at all’ and 10 being ‘extremely important’) and an open-ended question. An international systematic scoping review and local national review informed the items in this study.ResultsAt the end of the second round, the response rate was 70%, and the sample demonstrated diversity in terms of qualifications, expertise and discipline. All core competencies achieved a majority and stability in the first and second rounds. Core competency items achieved the 75% consensus requirement.ConclusionThis study provided consensus on 41 core competencies specific to Saudi EMS industry requirements. However, the findings do not represent a definitive blueprint model for alignment into EMS curricula. Further research and statistical modelling for the core competencies are highly recommended.
Autoethnography and postmemory
Authors: Turina Romana
Published: July 2019

Practice as Research (PaR), and Practice-led Research, as studied by Hazel Smith, Roger T. Dean, and Graeme Sullivan, are increasingly being implemented in a wide range of disciplines. In this article, I will report on the methodological trajectory of my creative practice, an autoethnographic work that used film forms as research. The process progressed on three levels of investigation: the narrative, the epistemological, and the ontological. It developed from my personal experience and research in the archive, as a network of references supporting and responding to the needs of producing films through the exploration of prior film methodologies, and elaborating novel forms of mediation of history, memory, and postmemory.
A Critical Study of the Pre-Modern and Modern Theories Regarding the Creation, Evolution and Existence of Earth in the Light of Qur’an
Authors: Ullah Dr. Rizwan
Published: July 2019

The human intellect has been examined in terms of relationship and association between physical and metaphysical world from the very beginning. Perceptions, Ideas, beliefs and philosophies are exist about these natural inquiries in almost all faculties of knowledge. Earth is the most obvious reality in human life, an axiom in the field of religion and science that’s why the comprehension of its origin and evolution is a prerequisite . It is not only the nucleus of social and legal domain of studies but it has a pivotal status in astronomy, religion and science too. This article will throw light upon all valuable thoughts and theories about the creation, evaluation and existence of the earth in pre-modern and modern literature and will correlate its essence of elaboration to the updated exegesis of the Qura'nic verses.
The Interrelation of Divine Laws in the Light of the Aims of the Valid and Abrogated Laws
Authors: Bibi Dr. Kalsoom
Published: July 2019

Shari’ah stands for the laws of Allah. Ma'qasid e Shari’ah means all those laws which existed before the revelation of Qur’an in the shape of the holy scriptures i.e the Old Testamant, the New Testament which were given to Prophet Moses and Jesus respectively. In all these religions basic beliefs, Principles and worships are common (Same), but there is a difference in practices and the way they were exercised. A number of jurists have mentioned past laws as a source of Islamic laws. According to them these are valid until any argument rises against them. Some jurists do not agree with the point and they claim that past laws were sent for specific time and era, so these are not valid now.The last religious laws mean last revelation revealed upon the holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by God. The most prominent Quality of the new laws as compared to past laws is that these are not specific to any era and time. The human life always subject to evolution and when there comes a change in the society, it causes and requires change in religious laws. The Shari’ah laws and human’s need should be a compatible thus the Shari’ah laws are obligated to provide better legal procedure and principles for human guidance according to time and environment. It is very important to explian the original meaning of shari’Éh and descirbe the basic concept and the aims of Shari’ah and also determine the relation between the new laws and the pre-Islamic laws.
Perceptions of Islamic Scholars towards Women’s Political Empowerment in Pashtun Society (A Case Study of District Mardan)
Authors: Khan Bangash Dr. Arshad
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth insight into the perception of Islamic Scholars regarding women political empowerment in Pashtin society that ultimately plays a big role in shaping the public opinion on grass root level that either encourages or bars women from participating in political affairs. Being an important agent of public opinion not only in religious affairs but social issues as well, beliefs and estimation of Islamic scholars are powerful voices in shaping the narratives in communities and society including emancipation of women in the largely conservative, patriarchal and comparatively religious Pashtun society particularly in the rural areas. The study was qualitative in nature and data was collected through in-depth interviews from respondents selected on quota sampling technique in the absence of a sampling frame. Data was collected from 30 respondents including 15 Deobandis, 5 Islamic studies lecturers and professors, 10 Barelvis , 2 Shiites and 3 Ahle Hadith Ulema via semi-structured in-depth interviews including 5 female Ulema to represent the major sects of Islam in the region. It was found that Ahle Hadith and Deobandis were comparatively more conservative while academics and Shiites were the most progressive group of the sample regarding female political empowerment. It was revealed that this is a sensitive subject with no clear consensus. The most conservative Ulema who opposed women participation in politics cited the example of Shura consisting of only males to decide the Caliphs (Muslim rulers) where as the most progressive of them cited examples of equality derived from the Koran and the leadership of Aisha (the widow of Prophet Muhammad SAW) especially in rebellion against Caliph Ali (R.A). There was considerable diversity of views as well as levels of tolerance and support for women political empowerment. While most scholars accepted the political rights of women in principle, some contested this by citing other negative social consequences of women participation in the current political set up; others thought of women emancipation as necessary for the progress of the community, society, country and humanity.
The Socioeconomic Sphere of Muslim Women: A Critical Study on John l. Esposito's Views
Authors: Ullah Wattu Dr. Inam
Published: July 2019

John L. Esposito categorized the status of Muslim women into two spheres; Ethico religious and socioeconomic. In religious ethic men and women are equal but in socioeconomic sphere rights of women are affected in three fields i.e priority of male over female, right of divorce and polygamy. He described that man’s priority over women is due to his responsibilities of expenditure on women. As now in 21st century women are educated and participating in different fields of life so they are earning money. In this context men’s priority over women is subject to change. But priority of man over woman is not only based on physical maintenance of household but also due to the difference in physical structure and mental approach between the two genders. These are main factors behind this priority syndrome which are well documented in the Holy Qur’an which is not subject to change. In the matters of divorce and polygamy he recommended some legal reforms which already exist in many Muslim countries as in the case of divorce men and women have equal rights. He suggested that man’s right of extra judicial divorce should be banned. Both husband and wife should appear before court for divorce. Polygamy is already permissioned with the conditions of equal justice in finances as well as love and affection. But he recommends that if a married man wants to take another wife he should appear before a court to justify his position and make a pledge to treat all his life partners equally.
La gestión de operaciones como herramienta generadora de ventajas competitivas en la industria alimentaria vegetariana
Authors: Escandón Cueva Rodrigo Andrés , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Ormaza Andrade Jorge Edwin
Published: July 2019

Existe en la actualidad una marcada tendencia a nivel mundial para mejorar la salud y el estilo de vida de las personas, sobre todo en nuevas generaciones. Una de las principales maneras de conseguir esto es cambiando los hábitos alimenticios tradicionales, y es por ello que el vegetarianismo ha ganado una particular importancia en años recientes, ya que reducir o eliminar el consumo de productos de origen animal no solo implica una alimentación más saludable sino también un hábito más amigable con el medio ambiente. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un diseño no experimental, con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo y un alcance descriptivo – explicativo secuencial (DEXPLIS). Los métodos utilizados para el análisis de la literatura fueron el inductivo-deductivo y el analítico-sintético. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de encuestas a los distribuidores de la empresa GranOrt ubicada en el cantón Deleg, Ecuador, y de la entrevista al jefe de producción de la empresa, se determinó el deficiente cálculo de los costos de producción, altos volúmenes de inventario, inadecuadas políticas de producción y altos costos por horas extras. A partir de estas derivaciones se propone diseñar un modelo de gestión de operaciones sobre la base de la programación lineal con la finalidad de determinar el punto óptimo de costo beneficio.