bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Afrikaner-Broederbond en die totstandkoming van 'n onderhandelde skikking: 'n Histories en polities strategiese perspektief
Authors: Bosman J , DuvenhageI A
Published: January 2024

Die beëindiging van apartheid deur 'n onderhandelde skikking tussen politieke rolspelers, wat gelei het tot die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse politieke bedeling, word allerweë as merkwaardig beskou. Die proses het nietemin nie in 'n vakuum plaasgevind nie. Ander rolspelers buite die politieke omgewing het 'n pertinente rol gespeel in die verandering in denke in die Afrikaner-establishment om 'n klimaat te skep waarbinne staatkundige hervormings kon plaasvind. Een van die rolspelers was die Afrikaner-Broederbond (AB). Hierdie studie lig die rol van die Afrikaner-Broederbond uit by wyse van 'n historiese stelselanalitiese perspektief as teoretiese model vir die navorsing. Die Afrikaner-Broederbond was vanaf 1948 tot in die vroeë 1990's 'n integrale deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse politieke stelsel. 'n Politieke stelsel word vir die doeleindes van hierdie artikel gedefinieer as die interaksie waardeur waardes gesaghebbend aan 'n gemeenskap toebedeel word. Deur die direkte en indirekte ondersteuning van die Nasionale Party tot in die vroeë 1990's het die Afrikaner-Broederbond as 'n Afrikanerbelange-organisasie en dinkskrum aan die insetkant tot die stelsel 'n pertinente rol gespeel.
Samesweringsteorieë en vals nuus in leserskommentaar op nuusberigte van Maroela Media tydens die COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: Senekal B
Published: January 2024

Sedert die uitbreking van die COVID-19-pandemie laat in 2019, het dit die wêreld op ongekende maniere ontwrig. Die virus het tot miljoene sterftes gelei, wat veroorsaak het dat regerings inperkings en reisbeperkings ingestel het, wat ekonomieë ernstig beïnvloed het. Suid-Afrika was geen uitsondering nie, en die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het streng maatreëls ingestel om die verspreiding van die virus te bekamp, insluitende die sluiting van skole en besighede. Die pandemie het gepaardgegaan met 'n vlaag vals inligting en samesweringsteorieë, aangevuur deur sosiale media en ander aanlyn platforms. Vals inligting het die aanbeveling van onbewese geneesmiddels en behandelings vir COVID-19 ingesluit, terwyl sameswerings-teorieë gewissel het van bewerings dat die virus 'n klug is, tot bespiegelings dat dit doelbewus in 'n wapenlaboratorium geskep is. Hierdie vals inligting en samesweringsteorieë het gelei tot verwarring en wantroue in owerhede, wat pogings ondermyn het om die verspreiding van die virus te beheer.
Cost modelling for dimension stone quarry operations
Authors: Raza M.A. , Raza S. , Khan M.U. , Emad M.Z. , Jalil K. , Saki S.A.
Published: January 2024

Dimension stone mining is Increasing because of growing demand from the building and construction industries. Diamond wire saw cutting is a popular dimension stone mining technique around the world. Estimation of the production cost for this method is critical for these operations. In this research a production cost model was developed for the mining of granite using a diamond wire saw. Cost and production data were collected from a granitic dolerite operation in Pakistan for a 4.5-year period, and analysed to identify the cost components. Fuel (34%), labour (15%), consumables (40%), and maintenance (5%) were found to be the four major cost components in this operation. A regression-based dimension stone production cost model incorporating statistically significant variables was developed. The data presented a strong correlation of production cost with fuel, labour, and consumables costs. Finally, a production cost model based on the consumption cost of diamond wire is presented. The model was verified using actual production cost data, which indicated 95% (R2 = 0.95) variance in the data between the predicted and actual production cost values. The model may help field engineers in computing their dimension stone operational cost during the cutting phase.
Planting Islam in Ghana: A Critical Review of the Approaches
Authors: Sarbah Cosmas E.
Published: January 2024

The unique features that a missionary religious tradition exhibits in the receiving land cannot be fully understood until the methods involved in its planting are critically scrutinized. This essay examines the various approaches which have played a crucial role in the planting of Islam in Ghana. Muslim agents during the 14th and 15th centuries started the dissemination of Islam with a largely effective accommodating, flexible approach and attitude to traditional culture and life. Later, certain Islamic elements introduced puritan, reformist approaches with the view of cleansing Islam of 'perceived' indigenous influences. By means of information derived from historico-theological methods, the essay concludes that indigenous Ghanaian life has played a significant role in molding and shaping Islamic beliefs and practices into their unique forms as they are in Ghana today.
Рынок нейромаркетинговых исследований: компании, технологии, практика применения и перспективы развития
Authors: Березка Светлана , Ковалёнок Анастасия
Published: January 2024

Мировые тренды и растущая конкуренция заставляют компании детально изучать потребности целевой аудитории, что стимулирует спрос на соответствующие маркетинговые исследования. Традиционные методы исследований, использующие декларативный подход, такие как опросы, интервью или фокус-группы, не всегда дают возможность выявить потребительские инсайты. В то же время нейромаркетинговые исследования, позволяющие понять подсознательные мотивы поведения человека, не используются широко в России. Данный доклад преследует две основные цели: во-первых, познакомить аудиторию с ключевыми методами нейромаркетинговых исследований, определив возможности их применения в бизнесе, а во-вторых, проанализировать особенности рынка нейромаркетинговых исследований и выявить его основные драйверы и барьеры. Доклад позволит читателю составить полную и актуальную картину относительно возможностей прикладного использования нейромаркетинговых технологий. Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Инструментальный подход нейромаркетинга к прогнозированию потребительского выбора» программы прикладных научных исследований Высшей школы бизнеса ВШЭ.
OT-2 Modular Cloning Construct Assembly v1
Authors: Mariya Anhel Ana
Published: January 2024

This protocol is meant to create modular cloning constructs from different parts into a final plate and, optionally, perform the temperature profile needed to the assembly of the constructs. The output of running this script will be the final plate(s) with the constructs and the mix needed to perform that assembly, and the corresponding map(s) with the names of the constructs in their corrresponding well which will be given by the user in the input file. This protocol uses a python script for an Opentrons 2 robot and an excel file containing the required variables to set the number of samples, volumes of transfer, type of plates, etc... In our laboratory, this protocol has been used to perform plasmids using the Golden Standard modular cloning of levels 1 and level 2 This protocol is a set of instructions or description of the LAP repository entry LAP-MoCloAssembly-OT2-1.0.1
snPATHO-seq v1
Authors: Wang Tony , Roach Michael , Plummer Jasmine , G Martelotto Luciano
Published: January 2024

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are valuable but under-utilised in single-cell omics research due to their low DNA and RNA quality. Leveraging recent single-cell genomic technology advances, we introduce snPATHO-seq: a versatile method to derive high-quality single-nucleus transcriptomic data from FFPE samples.
Assesing Wing Damage Index (WDI) in bats using ImageJ software v1
Authors: Toshkova Nia
Published: January 2024

Examining the visual health of bats can offer valuable insights into their overall well-being. The condition of wing membranes is essential for bats, supporting water balance and protecting against dehydration during hibernation. Assessing the visual state of bat wing membranes is crucial for tracking their health and identifying abnormalities or infections in the wild. However, conducting this assessment in the field poses practical challenges, potential biases, and increased handling time, which can stress the animals. To address these issues, we propose a new way of collecting data on wing condition of bats. This method involves capturing images of bats' wings in the field and subsequently performing a detailed visual examination of these photos using the open-access software ImageJ. It allows for a careful and thorough examination of the visual health state of the wings, collecting quantitative data on different abnormal structures and further scoring the wing damage index (WDI), providing a more accurate and comparable assessment. In addition, our protocol allows for a precise estimation of the wing surface area, a crucial but currently understudied morphological parameter.
Striatal injection of 6-OHDA or Saline and post-operative care (Mendonça et al 2024) v1
Authors: D Mendonça Marcelo
Published: January 2024

Striatal injection of 6-OHDA or Saline and post-operative care procedure from Mendonça et al 2024
Cuando la responsabilidad civil era una cuestión penal. La transformación de la reparación del daño en Colombia 1887-1939
Authors: Vasquez Vega Daniel
Published: January 2024

Durante finales del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del siglo XX las opciones legales para resolver conflictos originados en los daños que una persona le causaba accidentalmente a otra, sobre todo tratándose de lesiones personales o muerte, eran diferentes a las que existen hoy en día. En vez de poder acudir a un juez civil para que este condenara al demandado a indemnizar el daño causado, estas disputas eran resueltas antes jueces penales. En medio del proceso de industrialización que Colombia experimento en dichos años, ocurrió una transformación que condujo a que el foro civil se convirtiera en un escenario idóneo para que las víctimas obtuvieran la reparación de sus perjuicios. La cascada de accidentes producidos por ferrocarriles, carros y redes eléctricas poco a poco migraron de lo penal a lo civil. Con base en los expedientes disponibles en el Archivo Histórico Judicial de Medellín y las decisiones publicadas en la Gaceta Judicial de la Corte Suprema y en la Crónica Judicial del Tribunal Superior de Medellín, argumento que la transformación ocurrió, por lo menos en parte, dado a una serie de doctrinas creadas por los jueces que hicieron que el escenario civil fuese más favorable para las víctimas.
Visiones de la apropiación social del patrimonio bibliográfico y documental
Authors: Moncada José Daniel , Marín Agudelo Sebastian Alejandro
Published: January 2024

En este texto se pone en discusión algunos elementos en torno al concepto de apropiación social del patrimonio cultural, en concreto, en lo referido a lo bibliográfico y lo documental. Para ello, se traen distintas visiones sobre la apropiación social de este patrimonio, tanto de académicos como de sus instituciones culturales rectoras; además, se sistematizan algunas políticas, acciones e iniciativas encaminadas en ese propósito: el de la gestión, preservación y apropiación social del patrimonio bibliográfico y documental, en el marco del patrimonio cultural en Colombia.
Antes de Amazon
Authors: Marcó del Pont Lalli Raúl
Published: January 2024

Amazon ha cambiado radicalmente el mundo editorial, y esta transformación es tan profunda que todo lo que se ha hecho hasta ahora en la industria editorial es visto como el producto de una industria apática, crónicamente indiferente al cambio. Nada más lejos de la realidad, como trata de poner de manifiesto este texto que, en un intento de desmitificar esta visión, recupera cuatro momentos y ámbitos de la historia pasada de la edición, todos ellos con efectos transformadores que aún influyen en nuestras prácticas: el trabajo, la propiedad intelectual, las fiestas navideñas y el gran consumo.
Datación cronológica de las iglesias pertenecientes al primer románico en el Valle de Arán
Authors: Coll Pla Sergio , Puche-Fontanillas Josep Maria , Costa-Jover Agustí , Lluis i Ginovart Josep
Published: January 2024

El texto aborda la importancia del románico del Valle de Arán. Debido a su ubicación geográfica, el Valle de Arán estuvo relativamente aislado, lo que contribuyó a conservar estructuras organizativas antiguas y a la renovación de edificios eclesiásticos entre los siglos XI y XIII. El estudio se enfoca en la clasificación y datación de las iglesias románicas de Arán, y se destacan métodos arqueológicos como el análisis estratigráfico para establecer una cronología relativa y absoluta de las iglesias.
El texto concluye con la discusión sobre la cronología de las iglesias del Valle de Arán, agrupándolas según sus características arquitectónicas y técnicas de construcción. Estas agrupaciones se comparan con estudios documentales y se relacionan con periodos específicos, proporcionando una visión detallada de la evolución del románico en esta región.
Generalized Sum-Asymmetry Model and Orthogonality of Test Statistic for Square Contingency Tables
Authors: Ando Shuji
Published: January 2024

For analyzing contingency tables, we are usually interested in whether or not the independence model holds. On the other hand, for the analysis of square contingency tables, we are usually interested in whether or not the model having the structure of symmetry or asymmetry with respect to the main diagonals cells holds. This study proposes a generalized sum-asymmetry model including the exponential and relative exponential sum-symmetry models. This generalized model indicates that the cumulative probability that the sum of classes for row and column variables is s within the upper right cell of the table, is exponentially higher than the cumulative probability that the sum of classes for row and column variables is s within the lower left cell. Additionally, this study gives a separation of the sum-symmetry model using the proposed model, and reveals that the new separation satisfies the asymptotic equivalence for the test statistic. The utilities of the proposed methods are demonstrated through the real data analysis.
THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN SUPERVISORY BOARDS AND THE RELATIONS WITH BUSINESS RESULTS OF LARGE COMPANIES IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
Authors: Fagač Dora , Podrug Najla , Vrdoljak Raguž Ivona
Published: January 2024

The corporate governance framework comprises of a supervisory board, which acts as a liaison between numerous investors with varying interests, influences and motives, and the management. The supervisory board has a crucial role to play in the corporate governance system, as they adopt strategies that are vital for the survival and growth of the business. This paper examines the role of the supervisory board in corporate governance, the factors that determine its effectiveness, and the representation of women on these boards. The paper analyzes the characteristics and performance of women on supervisory boards, the barriers they face in securing membership on these boards, the concept of the glass ceiling, and prior research on the relationship between gender diversity and the performance of supervisory boards. Based on the results of regression analysis, it is determined that there exists a weak yet positive correlation between the number of women on the supervisory board and the profits realized by large companies in the Republic of Croatia.
Desarrollo de un ensayo funcional in vitro para detectar anticuerpos con actividad agonista
Authors: Martínez López Marta
Published: January 2024

Los bioensayos funcionales in vitro son fundamentales para la correcta caracterización de medicamentos biológicos como los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitarios (ICI). Estos ICI pueden bloquearse mediante anticuerpos que impiden la transmisión de señales coinhibitorias, permitiendo, de esta manera, una respuesta inmunitaria más efectiva contra las células cancerígenas. En este trabajo, se ha puesto a punto un bioensayo in vitro para activar los linfocitos T, a través del correceptor del TcR (CD3), sin la necesidad de antígeno, y evaluar el impacto de la interacción entre HVEM (mediador de entrada del virus del herpes) y BTLA (atenuador de linfocitos B y T) en esta activación. El bioensayo consiste en la realización de un cocultivo entre unas células estimuladoras (línea celular CHO modificada genéticamente para la expresión del gen que codifica para scFv anti-CD3) y como células respondedoras, la línea celular Jurkat TPR, que expresa tres factores de transcripción unidos a tres fluorocromos diferentes (mCherry, CFP y eGFP: unidos a AP-1, NF-kB y NFAT respectivamente), con el objetivo de estudiar su activación mediante citometría de flujo. Durante el trabajo se ha realizado el clonaje de la proteína BTLA y la posterior transducción en las células Jurkat TPR. A continuación, se realizaron los bioensayos en los que se demostró que funcionaban activando los linfocitos T, sin necesidad de presentar antígeno y detectando los fluorocromos mediante citometría de flujo. Mediante este ensayo, comprobamos que la interacción BTLA-HVEM disminuye la activación de las células T y, el bloqueo de este ICI mediante anticuerpos anti-HVEM, aumentaba la respuesta de las células Jurkat TPR respondedoras. En conclusión, hemos desarrollado un sistema experimental in vitro que permite estudiar interacciones ligando/receptor en el contexto de la activación de las células T, para aumentar o reprimir la función de las mismas.
Farklı Gölgelendirme Uygulamalarının Domates Bitkisinde Verim, Kalite ve Antioksidan Açısından Tepkisi
Authors: Kartal Adnan , Akhoundnejad Yelderem , Daşgan Hayriye , Temur Baki , Ersoy Lale
Published: January 2024

Çalışmada farklı (Kontrol (gölgelendirme olmadan), %40, %55, %75 ve %95) gölgelendirme seviyelerinin domates (Kamenta F1) bitkisinde verim ve kalite üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneme 2020 yılı (Nisan-Ağustos) yetiştirme mevsiminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede domates bitkisinde yaprak sıcaklığı, klorofil içeriği, yaprak oransal su içeriği, yeşil aksamda makro ve mikro besin element konsantrasyonu, domates meyve suyunda suda çözünebilir kuru madde ve ph içeriği, yeşil aksamda toplam fenolik ve flavonoid miktarı, meyve verimi ve meyve sayısına bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kontrol uygulaması altındaki bitkilerde yaprak sıcaklığında artış olmuştur. Gölgelendirme uygulamaları yaprak oransal su içeriğinde, klorofil miktarında ve meyve verimi artışında etkili olmuştur. Meyve veriminde diğer uygulamalara göre %55 gölgelendirme uygulamasının daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak uygulanan gölgelendirme uygulamalarının Kamenta F1 domates çeşidinde meyve verimini ve kalitesini olumlu etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.Çalışmada farklı (%40, %55, %75 ve %95) gölgelendirme seviyelerinin domates (Kamenta F1) bitkisinde verim ve kalite üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneme 2020 yılı (Nisan-Ağustos) yetiştirme mevsiminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede domates bitkisinde yaprak sıcaklığı, klorofil içeriği, yaprak oransal su içeriği, yeşil aksamda makro ve mikro besin element konsantrasyonu, domates meyve suyunda suda çözünebilir kuru madde ve ph içeriği, yeşil aksamda toplam fenolik ve flavonoid miktarı, meyve verimi ve meyve sayısına bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kontrol (gölgesiz) uygulaması altındaki bitkilerde yaprak sıcaklığında artış olmuştur. Gölgelendirme uygulamaları yaprak oransal su içeriğinde, klorofil miktarında ve meyve verimi artışında etkili olmuştur. Meyve veriminde gölgelendirme uygulamasının diğer uygulamalara göre %55 daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak uygulanan gölgelendirme uygulamalarının Kamenta F1 domates çeşidinde meyve verimini ve kalitesini olumlu etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinin Hayvan Hayat Sigortası Yaptırmalarına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi: Van İli Örneği
Authors: Terin Mustafa , Ceylan Melike , Çiftçi Kenan , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: January 2024

Süt sığırcılığı, doğası gereği birçok risk ve belirsizlikle karşı karşıyadır. Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin varlığını sürdürebilmesi, karşılaşılan risk ve belirsizlikleri en iyi şekilde yönetebilmeleri ile mümkündür. Risk ve belirsizliklerin ortaya çıkardığı olumsuzlukları en aza indirmenin yollarından biri de tarım sigortası uygulamalarıdır. Hayvan hayat sigortaları işletmelerin zararlarını tazmin ederek, işletmelerin varlığını ve üretimin sürdürülebilir olmasına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Van ilindeki süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin hayvan hayat sigortası yaptırmalarında etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini 178 üretici ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve çapraz tablolar verilmiş, üreticilerin sigorta yaptırmalarında etkili faktörlerin belirlenmesinde ise Binomial logit model kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, yıllık süt üretimi, işletmede kayıt tutma, tarımsal kredi kullanma, Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği’ne üye olma ve faydalanılan destek sayısı ile sigorta yaptırma arasında pozitif yönlü, traktöre sahip olma, sağım öncesi meme temizliği yapma ve suni tohumlama yaptırma ile hayvan hayat sigortası yaptırma arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde var olan risklerin yönetilmesinde önemli bir araç olan hayvan hayat sigortasına katılımın arttırılması, ilde süt sığırcılığı ve süt ürünleri üretiminin gelişmesine ve sürdürülebilir olmasına önemli katkılar sağlayabilecektir.
The effectiveness of Wharton’s jelly versus steroid injection for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis for pain relief and the increase of function
Authors: Lofink Spencer , Trumble Thomas
Published: January 2024

We compared the effectiveness of Wharton’s jelly versus steroid injection into the carpometacarpophalangeal joint by comparing 60 patients in two cohorts with a follow up evaluation at three months and then at one year. We evaluated preoperative and postoperative grip strength, pinch strength, thumb range of motion, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and a Visual Analog (VAS) pain score before the injection and then at 3 months and 12 months after injection. The patients in the steroid injection group had substantial improvement in their DASH and VAS pain scores as well as their pinch strength at 3 months p < .05. However, by the 12-month evaluation the benefits of the steroid injection had completely dissipated. The patients in the Wharton’s jelly cohort had improvements at 3 months in terms DASH and VAS score and pinch strength and this improvement persisted at the one-year evaluation. However, grip strength and thumb range of motion did not substantially improve in either group
Evaluation of attitude and awareness among parents with regards to avulsed permanent tooth and its management
Authors: Rashmi K B  , Vadakkepurayil Kannan
Published: January 2024

To determine the attitude and awareness among parents of different educational level, socioeconomic status and geographic background with regard to avulsed permanent tooth and its management.

400 parents of children, aged between 6-12 years, in the rural and urban areas of Kozhikode District were randomly selected. The participant’s awareness regarding the avulsed permanent tooth and its management was evaluated based on questionnaire. The questionnaire was essentially be comprised of two parts: First part included the general demographic data and the second part contained closed questions which assessed the knowledge, attitude and previous experience of the participants toward the first-aid management of avulsed permanent tooth. Statistical significance of factors influencing good awareness of groups were calculated using Pearson Chi-Square test.

Regardless of educational background, socio-economic status and geographical background, parental awareness regarding the first aid measures to be taken in the case of dental avulsion was inadequate. But at the same time they exhibited positive attitude toward receiving more informations on emergency management of avulsed permanent tooth.
Blockchain for Science, from Covid-19 towards DeSci: the Implementation of Decentralized Technologies in Young Academia
Authors: Kosmarski Artyom
Published: January 2024

Objective: This paper explores the evolving landscape of blockchain technology and its applications in the field of science, with a specific focus on the period from 2021 to 2023. It examines the challenges and opportunities posed by blockchain, particularly in the context of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and the concept of decentralized science (DeSci).
Methods:
The research draws on a comprehensive review of existing literature, including prior works by the author related to blockchain in science, as well as an analysis of recent developments in the blockchain ecosystem. It discusses the principles of blockchain technology and its potential in academia, addressing both the technical and socio-organizational aspects of its implementation.
Results:
The paper reveals the shift in focus from blockchain as a tool for transparency and automation in science to its decentralization aspects, such as DAOs. It highlights the application of DAOs in research crowdfunding, decentralized decision-making, and cross-border collaboration, with a special emphasis on the Covid-19 interlude in 2020-2021. The discussion also delves into the role of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in science, which provide new avenues for monetizing research and democratizing funding and organization in the field.
Scientific Novelty:
The novelty of this paper lies in its examination of the latest wave of blockchain projects in science, particularly the emergence of DAOs and DeSci in the years 2021-2023, an analysis that is still largely absent from scholarly literature. It underscores the evolving blockchain ideologies and controversies within the scientific community, as well as the tensions between transparency and decentralization.
Practical Significance:
The paper highlights the practical significance of blockchain technology in academia, particularly in facilitating research funding, transparent decision-making, and cross-border collaboration. It discusses how blockchain and NFTs offer innovative ways to monetize research and democratize funding, reducing dependence on traditional funding sources.
About the Mega World Congresses of the Interdisciplinary School of Fundamental Rights PraeEminentia Iustitia
Authors: Torres Manrique Jorge Isaac
Published: January 2024

These mega congresses not only stand out for its great magnitude, both in number of organizers, co-organizers, speakers and attendees. It presents a unique nature, with a leading impact, singular and original conception and design. In addition, it has its own exclusive, aggressive, current and futuristic themes. It registers the participation of each co-organizing university, with the obligatory modality of transmission of a block with its own teams. To which must be added its interdisciplinary character. On the other hand, its basic particularity is based on the fact that its transcendence and importance is of common interest to practically any country in a global venue.
Functional interpretation of public economic law
Authors: Kowalski Dariusz
Published: January 2024

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza dopuszczalności oraz zasadności stosowania wykładni funkcjonalnej przepisów prawa gospodarczego publicznego. Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest określenie ram prawa gospodarczego publicznego. Na temat granic tej gałęzi prawa wypowiadali się m.in. R. Hauser, L. Kieres, A. Wróbel czy C. Żuławska. Przyjmując uogólnienie, zgodnie z którym prawo gospodarcze publiczne reguluje zasady związane z prowadzeniem działalności gospodarczej przez przedsiębiorców, powstaje pytanie, czy z uwagi na to, że jest to podgałąź prawa publicznego, dopuszczalne jest stosowanie wykładni funkcjonalnej przez organy administracji publicznej w tym zakresie.
Punktem odniesienia są wprowadzone w ustawie z dnia 6 marca 2018 roku Prawo przedsiębiorców rozwiązania, mające służyć m.in. wspieraniu wolności działalności gospodarczej, która przyczynia się do rozwoju gospodarki oraz do wzrostu dobrobytu społecznego. Wsparcie wolności gospodarczej miało polegać m.in. na zorganizowaniu aparatu organów administracji publicznej „przyjaznego przedsiębiorcom”.
Aby osiągnąć założone cele, wskazane problemy analizowano głównie na podstawie badań niereaktywnych, polegających na ocenie dostępnych informacji. Analiza uwzględniała studia aktów normatywnych, branżowych raportów, a także orzeczeń wojewódzkich sądów administracyjnych. Podstawową metodą badawczą zastosowaną w opracowaniu jest metoda dogmatycznoprawna, której przedmiotem jest analiza treści aktów normatywnych regulujących zasady wykonywania działalności gospodarczej. Metoda ta została uzupełniona metodą
jakościową uwzględniającą osiem pogłębionych wywiadów z przedstawicielami organów administracji publicznej, przedsiębiorcami oraz przedstawicielami związków zrzeszających
przedsiębiorców, a także analizą dziesięciu orzeczeń sądowych. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że stosowanie przepisów prawa gospodarczego publicznego budzi wiele wątpliwości. Pomimo że wykładnia funkcjonalna mogłaby przyczynić się do bardziej efektywnego prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej przez przedsiębiorców, jest rzadko wykorzystywana, co pogłębia niepewność prawną, a w konsekwencji może prowadzić do ograniczenia rozwoju gospodarki.
A few words on the positivization of the general part of administrative law as an attempt to solve the problem of legal cognition according to Franciszek Longchamps’ theory
Authors: Mączyński Maciej
Published: January 2024

Niniejszy artykuł porusza problem poznania prawa administracyjnego w świetle rozważań Franciszka Lonchampsa. Ten teoretyk prawa administracyjnego porzucił pozytywistyczne postrzeganie prawa odseparowanego od wartości i moralności, uznając jednocześnie, że wartości stanowiły aksjomat prawa obok sfery rzeczywistej oraz sfery pomyślanej. Potwierdzeniem zasadności poglądów F. Longchampsa były twierdzenia H. Harta, który zakładał konieczność oddziaływania moralności w sferze struktury normatywnej prawa. Myśl F. Longchampsa można odnieść do problematyki pozytywizacji części ogólnej prawa administracyjnego jako aktu normatywnego obejmującego zagadnienia wspólne dla prawa ustrojowego, materialnego oraz procesowego. Uznając, że część ogólna prawa administracyjnego stanowiła „półcień znaczeniowy” w myśl hartowskiej koncepcji otwartej tekstowości, a więc „twarde jądro” – niezmienioną część, której kształt jest niezależny od zmian legislacyjnych, szczególnie w zakresie prawa materialnego, należało rozważyć, czy propozycja sformułowania ustawy dotycząca części ogólnej prawa administracyjnego stanowi próbę poznania prawa. Celem artykułu opartego na teoretycznych i filozoficznych założeniach wyznaczających tożsamość prawa administracyjnego była próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy postrzeganie prawa jako sfery pomyślanej i rzeczywistej wzbogaconej o wartości uniwersalne pozwala na sformułowanie przepisów będących zagadnieniami wspólnymi dla administracyjnego prawa ustrojowego, materialnego i procesowego. Pomimo ograniczeń wynikających z ram artykułu wyeksponowano możliwość sformułowania
przepisów ogólnych prawa administracyjnego popartych wartościami, z których jednymi z najważniejszych są dobro wspólne i służebna rola administracji publicznej.
Undestanding of legal philosophy and the shape of legal system
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: January 2024

Artykuł dyskutuje miejsce filozofii prawa w dziedzinie nauk prawnych związanych z tzw. kontynentalnym systemem prawa – tradycji common law są poświęcone tylko marginalne uwagi. Przeprowadzona jest argumentacja, że tradycyjna identyfikacja filozofii prawa z aksjologią, jako badaniem stosunku prawa do moralności, jest nietrafna, ponieważ jest za wąska – analiza prawa ujawnia znacznie więcej problemów filozoficznych. Metodologiczne problemy prawoznawstwa są ilustrowane tzw. wielopłaszczyznową koncepcją prawa. Główna teza artykułu głosi, że na obecny kształt systemu prawa w istotny sposób wpłynęła pozytywizacja prawa, która dokonała się w XIX wieku. Jej konsekwencją był m.in. pozytywizm prawniczy, który postulował autonomię nauk prawnych wobec innych dyscyplin. Skutkiem tego była także nieobecność filozofii prawa w systemie nauk prawnych. Po II wojnie światowej nastąpił zwrot polegający na tym, że problematyka filozoficzna zdobyła legitymację niezależnie od tego, czy jest uprawiana w prawoznawstwie, czy też poza nim.
К вопросу о смачиваемости древесины разных пород
Authors: Цой Ю.И , Блинов А.К
Published: January 2024

Одним из основных технологических путей повышения эффективности защитнодекоративной отделки мебели из древесины является снижение впитывающей способности подложки, снижение расхода дорогостоящих лакокрасочных материалов. Эту задачу решают в основном эмпирическим подбором различных грунтовочных составов. Некоторые грунтовки имеют и специальные функции : создание желаемого цветового фона под печать текстуры древесины, повышение электропроводности изделий для последующего лакирования в электростатическом поле, для повышения биостойкости древесины и др.Авторами проведены исследования по оценке смачиваемости грунтованных поверхностей древесины разных пород на основе определения косинуса краевого угла смачивания.
Social Accountability in Health System Governance: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nejatian Ahmad , Arab Mohamad , Takian Amirhossein , Ashtarian Kiomars
Published: January 2024

Background: Social accountability is an important element in health system governance, which is necessary for health system reform and reaching Universal Health Coverage. Understanding the social accountability mechanism and tools will help policymakers to design policies according to the context. We aimed to explore the extent of the application of social accountability in health system governance, its results, challenges, and tools.
Methods: We conducted a scoping review study, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review. An inclusive search in bibliographic databases and search engines was done to identify peer review articles and grey literatures, published in English in the range of 2010 to 2021. Search terms were (social accountability), (public accountability), AND (health system).
Results: Thirty-one records met inclusion criteria from 286 potentially relevant sources, which included 25 peer-review articles and 6 grey literatures. Maternal and child health was the main health subject for social accountability interventions. We identified some social accountability tools to apply at the health facility and community levels. Social accountability has some benefits for the health system and for the community and some challenges to the implementation of social accountability were listed.
Conclusion: Social accountability improves health system performance. It contains different tools and strategies applied at different levels of the health system. Successful social accountability initiatives that are strategic, multi-interventional, and context-specific can produce good results in health services and social domains.
Effect of Extended Care on Functional Rehabilitation of Stroke-induced Hemiplegic Patients
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao Bei , Ma Jie , Liu Chunchun , Zhang Yanwei , Gao Ying
Published: January 2024

Background: We aimed to observe the effect of extended care on improving motor function and activities of daily living of stroke-induced hemiplegic patients.
Methods: Patients clinically diagnosed as stroke with hemiplegia and hospitalized in the Neurology Department at Tianjin Haibin People's Hospital, China from 2019 to 2020 were selected. One hundred twenty patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the intervention group (60 patients) and the control group (60 patients). The control group was given routine rehabilitation treatment and care. Based on routine rehabilitation treatment and care, the intervention group was given transitional care. After discharge, the patients were followed up. Barthel indexes (BIs) were collected to evaluate the activities of daily living of patients. The Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment (FMA) was adopted to evaluate the patients’ motor function.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the total BI scores between the two groups of patients at the two time points before intervention and at discharge. The total scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group after 1 month and 3 months of discharge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in total FMA scores between the two groups of patients before intervention, indicating comparability. After 3 months of discharge, the total FMA score of the intervention group patients was higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Continuous care can effectively improve motor function and daily living ability of stroke patients with hemiplegia.
Physician Induced Demand: The Empirical Evidence of Angiography for Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mohammadshahi Marita , Emamgholipour Sara , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Sakha Minoo Alipouri , Sari Ali Akbari , Yazdani Shahrooz
Published: January 2024

Background: We aimed to investigate the existence of unnecessary demand for angiography and the factors affecting it to provide evidence for decision makers.
Methods: This longitudinal panel study was conducted in public hospitals in Tehran, Iran by using 2458 patients' records that were undergoing angiography for suspected coronary artery disease 2013-2015. To modeling the physicians' behavior based on physician-induced demand (PID), the patients were classified as appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate and then Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) model besides the physician ethic index was developed and finally the existence of PID showed based on three scenarios.
Results: Angiographies were performed inappropriately in 23.8% of 2458 patients as well 46.7% were uncertain, and 29.5% were appropriate. According to the HLM model, the physician-to-population ratio (δ0= -0.161) and the interaction variable coefficient are higher than zero and significant (δ1 = 253). The results of the physician ethic index showed that most physicians were at a moderate rate, meaning that their utility was a combination of both pecuniary and non-pecuniary profits (0│> εpδ│ <1). Considering the HLM model and the medical ethics index together has almost shown the condition of PID (the necessary condition δ1> 0 and the sufficient condition (1 ≤│εpδ│)( existed for about 26% of all studied physicians who had pure profit maximizer.
Conclusion: To reduce induced demand and improve medical ethics adherence in cardiologist, policy makers should develop native guidelines, rules, and instructions besides policies related to education, and increasing patients' awareness.
Learners’ Perceptions of Writing Difficulties on a Pre-sessional EAP Programme in a British University
Authors:   University of Leeds, UK, McCray Diana , Hanks Judith ,   University of Leeds, UK
Published: January 2024

This study examines how learners’ perceptions of their academic writing difficulties changed over the course of a four-week intensive English for Academic purposes (EAP) programme at a British university. The participants of this qualitative study were 14 Chinese undergraduate students who engaged in interviews and completed learning journal entries. The results of the thematic analyses indicate that vocabulary which constituted the biggest perceived challenge in Week 1 was no longer mentioned in Week 4 as a source of writing difficulty. Another finding is that after four weeks, students felt they had a better understanding of argumentation in a UK academic context and were not facing major difficulties with using sources and the understanding of argumentation in a UK academic context; they also reported that they were not facing major difficulties with using sources and understanding plagiarism in written assignments. Upon completion of the EAP course, students also reported that they tended to experience noticeably fewer challenges with academic reading. This qualitative study provides insights into the contribution of pre-sessional programmes in the development of learners’ writing as they transition into the academic community.
A rare anatomical variation of the circle of Willis in a patient with an ischemic stroke
Authors: Kocbek Šaherl Lidija , Lah Klemen
Published: January 2024

Purpose 

The cerebral arterial circuit provides collateral circulation to the brain and protects the brain from ischemia, by sustaining tissue perfusion in case of reduced or impaired blood flow through its branches. Although many random anatomical variations in the circle of Willis (CoW) are of minor importance, some increase the risk of ischemic events, aneurysm, and atherosclerosis, and play an important role in endovascular and surgical treatment planning.  

Case presentation 

We report a rare arterial variation of the CoW diagnosed by computed tomography angiography in a patient with ischemic stroke. We found aplasia of the A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery and ipsilateral hypoplasia of the P1 segment of the left posterior cerebral artery.  

Conclusion 

For neurosurgeons, neurologists, and neuroradiologists, detailed knowledge of the numerous anatomical variations in the arterial supply to the brain is crucial to make a correct diagnosis and choose the appropriate treatment. The type of CoW variation influences stroke severity and outcome, with an incomplete CoW related to more severe conditions (higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, more severe neurological deficits, and worse neurological outcomes) and poor prognosis.
Access to innovative medicines in Slovenia
Authors: Janžič Andrej
Published: January 2024

Reimbursement is acknowledged to be a critical determinant of patient access to innovative medicines, necessitating a balance between accessibility and financial viability. Approximately 35 new innovative medicines and an additional 20 therapeutic indications are assessed from clinical and economical aspects during the reimbursement procedure every year in Slovenia. At the European Union level, ongoing efforts to unify assessment procedures of clinical domains are underway. These initiatives should improve the reimbursement process and ensure timely access to innovative therapies that will be aligned to the evolving needs of healthcare systems across the European Union.
Epigenetics and multifactorial diseases
Authors: Vokhmyanina N. V.
Published: January 2024

At present, epigenetics is being studied in detail and actively, and the significance of epigenetics in the development of multifactorial diseases has been determined. In this regard, a large number of publications have recently appeared that analyze the results of studies using epigenetic markers. The obtained promising results indicate the possibility of early detection and prediction of many multifactorial diseases. This review briefly outlines the theoretical foundations of epigenetics and epigenetic mechanisms. The participation of epigenetics in the formation of multifactorial pathology is considered on the example of celiac disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, confirmed by the identified epigenetic markers.
The Democratisation Failure in the Middle East: Causes and Prospects
Authors: Karimi Sirvan
Published: January 2024

It has almost become conventional wisdom among analysts and experts on Middle Eastern politics to relate the fate of the democratisation process and its failure in the region to the foreign policy platforms of the USA and its Western allies. Contrary to the prevailing interpretations of democratisation failure in the Middle East, it will be argued that the historical proclivity of leftist organisations and parties to conflate anti-imperialism with fostering hostility towards liberal values, the limited scope of industrialisation, and culturally and religiously ingrained competing loyalties are factors that have cumulatively made a significant contribution to the cultivation of a socio-political environment that is not receptive to democracy.
Fowl Adenovirus Induced Gizzard Erosion in Broiler Chickens in Southern India
Authors: Das Amit Kumar , Shelke Venket M
Published: January 2024

Background: In Southern India, feed passage syndrome was on the rise in the late half of 2019 affecting broiler chicken flocks. The feed passage syndrome is an indication of poor gastrointestinal health in chickens, in which poorly digested coarse feed particles are observed to be more in the feces. This study investigated the causative factors for the feed passage syndrome in broiler flocks. Methods: Affected commercial broiler farms having incidences of feed passage syndrome, low body weight gain and poor feed conversion ratio, were visited in several regions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. But there was no increase in mortality. Feed samples were collected from these regions for mycotoxin analysis. Intestinal health was examined in these flocks for lesions of coccidiosis and bacterial enteritis/dysbacteriosis. The common observation in all the birds examined was the presence of gizzard erosions. The gizzard in most of the birds was flaccid and moderate to severe erosions in the koilin layer of the gizzard were observed. In some birds, there were mild to moderate lesions caused by Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Tissue impressions on FTA cards were collected from gizzards having erosion on the koilin layer and submitted for identification of Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Result: All the samples were found positive for FAdV. Four samples were further processed for sequencing of the Hexone gene to identify the serotype of the virus. FAdV serotype 11 was detected in three samples and serotype 8a was detected in one. Among major mycotoxins, low levels of Aflatoxin B1 were the predominant finding in feed samples. Thus, it can be concluded that fowl adenovirus-induced gizzard erosions in commercial broiler birds along with mild coccidiosis could be leading to feed passage syndrome.
Factors Affecting Sugarcane Supply in Panji and Wringin Anom Sugar Factories
Authors: Lawado Nadhira Maulida Rizdanti , Aji Joni Murti Mulyo
Published: January 2024

Ensuring a harmonious match between the volume of sugarcane and the milling capacity is crucial for achieving an efficient production process. The yearly fluctuations in sugarcane supply depend on the consistency of the raw material and the adaptability of sugar factories to varying supply levels. This study aims to identify the factors that influence sugarcane supply, its uninterrupted flow, and its impact on revenue generation at the "PG Panji" and "PG Wringin Anom" Sugar Factories (PGs). Utilizing both descriptive and analytical methodologies, this study relies on secondary data gathered from Sugar Factories spanning the years 2011 to 2021. The data undergoes analysis using the Multiple Linear Regression Method and Trend Analysis. The results reveal that for PG Panji, sugarcane supply is influenced by factors such as farmers' land area and sugarcane productivity. Conversely, for PG Wringin Anom, supply is influenced by farmers' land area and sucrose yield (rendemen). Over the period from 2011 to 2021, sugarcane supply exhibited fluctuations, with a subsequent downward trend from 2022 to 2026, as indicated by a negative trend. Furthermore, the study discerns that the sugarcane supply does not significantly impact PG Panji's income. However, it does have an influence on the income of PG Wringin Anom. This divergence can be attributed to the distinct approaches adopted by both sugar factories in their sugarcane procurement system (inbound logistics).