bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Presence and Possible Oscillations of Granulocytic Progenitor Cells (CFU‐C) in Human Blood
Authors: Kreutzma Harald , Fliedner Theodor M.
Published: August 2010

The presence of CFU‐C in the peripheral blood of 3 healthy volunteers was monitored over a period of 70 d. Blood samples were taken 3 times a week. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated from blood leucocytes by dextran sedimentation and the iron ingestion method. After cryopreservation the cells were cultured in soft agar. One sample of mononuclear cells was cultured using a leucocyte feeder layer as a source of colony stimulating activity (CSA) and another sample using human placental conditioned medium as CSA. In cultures using a leucocyte feeder layer, the average number of CFU‐C was 29, 43, 118 per ml blood. No systematic oscillations were observed.

When human placental conditioned medium was used the average number of CFU‐C was 255, 125, 222 per ml blood, respectively. Significant oscillations with periods of 23, 19 and 25 d were observed.
Ultrastructural and Functional Studies on the Lymphocytes of a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Nuclear Extrusion
Authors: Djaldetti M. , Malik Z. , Lewinski U.
Published: August 2010

The cells of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) showed a peculiar phenomenon of nuclear blebbing and nuclear extrusion, observed by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Protein synthesis of the lymphocytes was 3 times higher than that of cells of other 3 patients with CLL, but was lower than the synthesis of cells from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Similar results were observed when RNA synthesizing activity of the cells was examined. On the other hand, thymidine incorporation proceeded in a similar rate in the patient's and the ALL lymphocytes, whereas in those of CLL patients it was merely detected. The morphological findings and the synthesizing activities of the cells suggest that the patient's disease represents an intermediate form between CLL and ALL.
Serum Copper Compared to Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate as Indicator of Disease Activity in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Asbjörnsen G.
Published: August 2010

Serum copper and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were recorded in 54 patients with active Hodgkin's disease and at 186 occasions in 78 patients during stable complete remission. Relatively high and age‐dependent normal limits for erythrocyte sedimentation rate were used. Each of the tests was elevated in 70 % of patients with active disease. During remission serum copper was elevated in 14 % and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 16.5 % of the determinations. Thus the two tests are considered not far from equal in their ability to discriminate between presence and absence of specific disease activity in Hodgkin's disease. Simultaneous elevation during remission occurred in less than 5 % of the recordings as compared to 61 % during active disease. It is therefore concluded that serum copper level may be of some value as a supplement to erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Deoxyuridine Metabolism in Human Megaloblastic Marrow Cells
Authors: Weyden Martin B. Van Der
Published: August 2010

Despite the clinical use of the ‘deoxyuridine suppression test’ to document vitamin B12 or folate deficiency its biochomical basis is unclear and currently disputed. Because of this the metabolism of deoxyuridine in marrow cells has been examined. In normoblastic marrow cells the ratio of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine to thymidine incorporation into DNA approximates one and preincubation of cells with unlabelled deoxyuridine results in progressive reduction of uptake of both radio‐labelled deoxynucleosides. In the same cells methotrexate significantly reduces the DNA incorporation of deoxyuridine but not that of thymidine.

In megaloblastic marrow the ratio of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine to thymidine uptake is less than one and the reduced deoxyuridine uptake is not significantly altered by either cyanocobalamin or folk acid. With megaloblastic samples the reduction by deoxyuridine of radio‐labelled deoxyuridine uptake is less marked than that observed with normoblastic cells and to achieve similar results requires folic acid.

These findings suggest that reduced deoxyuridylate conversion to deoxythymidylate by thymidylate synthetase is appropriate to explain the ‘deoxyuridine suppression test’ in megaloblastic marrow cells and that altered substrate requirements for this activity may occur in megaloblastic cells.
Development of Factor VIII Antibody in Haemophilic Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Frommel D. , Panicucci F. , Baicchi U. , Chiara S. , Mannucci P. M. , Ruggeri Z. , Muller J. Y. , Allain J. P. , Seger Janine , Mercuriali F. ,   European Study Gaow of Factor VIII Antibody
Published: August 2010

The immunologic consequences of replacement therapy have been studied in 2 pairs of young haemophilic monozygotic twins. In both pairs one cotwin only developed a factor VIII specific antibody. This non‐concordance illustrates the influence upon a specific immune response of non‐genetic factors since the blood products, administered to each brother‐pair, were not at all time identical nor were the regimens of transfusion therapy.
Growth Patterns of Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Diffusion Chambers before Treatment and after Cessation of Therapy
Authors: Fontebuoni Anna , Izzi Teodosio , Lucarelli Guido
Published: August 2010

Diffusion Chambers (DC) were used to culture human bone marrow of ALL patients at the beginning and after the cessation of therapy.

No growth was observed in patients before treatment, while growth patterns similar to the normal were obtained in patients after 3 years of maintenance therapy.

We suggested the possibility of intensifying the multiple drug chemotherapy in ALL without permanent damage of the stem cell proliferative compartment.
STANDARDIZATION OF PLATELET COUNTS‐PROBLEMS AND PITFALLS
Authors: Samama M. , Capelle C.
Published: August 2010

In a previous work, we have compared two automated techniques for platelet‐rich plasma using a thrombocounter or whole blood with the continuous flow instrument Auto‐analyzer (AA). More recently, we have tested two instruments using whole blood: the first one, fully automated: Coulter S+; and the other one, semi‐automated: Clay‐Adams. In the present work, these 4 methods are compared to the phase contrast microscope technique, used as reference. The coefficients of variation ranged betweeen 2 and 13 per cent. The coefficients of correlation between the different methods were between 0.92 and 0.96. Platelet distribution curves for platelet volumes obtained in parallel with platelet‐rich plasma and with whole blood in 30 controls, show that platelet population are not significantly different. These instruments count particles and, therefore, necessitate a calibration made by means of platelet standards. Different platelet standards have been studied: those containing latex particles seem to give better results than suspensions of human or animal platelets.
Hodgkin's Disease in Denmark: A National Clinical Study by the Danish Hodgkin Study Group, LYGRA
Authors: Nordentoft A. M. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard J. , Brincker H. , Andersen E. , Pedersen M. , Nielsen J. Boye , Jensen K. Bjørn , Nissen N. I. , Jensen T. Skov , Videbæk Aa. , Jensen M. Krogh , Walbom‐Jørgensen S.
Published: August 2010

During the last 8 years (1971–1979) all newly diagnosed previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease in Denmark have been centralized to uniform staging procedures and treatment. A total of 802 patients were registered, or 2 patients /100 000. Lymphangiography was performed in 708 patients (88%), and 437 patients (55%) underwent laparotomy with splenectomy. Treatment included radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy (MOPP or similar programmes), and combined modality treatment. The overall 8‐year actuarial survival for all stages combined was 66%, and relapse‐free survival was 55%. 144 patients died of Hodgkin's disease, 23 from complications to therapy and examination procedures, and 54 died of unrelated causes. Survival was significantly better for patients without B‐symptoms, and decreased gradually with advancing age. There was a strong correlation between unfavourable prognosis and advancing stage and/or histology, but mediastinal involvement had no influence upon the prognosis. Staging laparotomy was associated with 4 deaths due to infection, and splenectomy with 10 cases of severe pneumococcal infections, 4 of which were fatal. Fatal complications due to subsequent treatment included 2 cases of cardiac arrest following mantle‐field irradiation and 3 cases of haemorrhage or sepsis following Chemotherapy. 5 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia were observed.
Prognostic Significance of Amoeboid Movement Configuration in Lymphoid Cells from Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Sjögren U. , Garwicz S.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow smears from 72 consecutive children with a recent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have been morphologically analyzed. A high incidence of lymphoid cells with amoeboid movement configuration (AMC) seems to indicate a more favorable prognosis independently of other prognostic factors e.g. age, WBC or sex. A positive correlation between the AMC and the mitotic indices (MI) of the lymphoblasts indicates some connection between the motility and the proliferative activity of the leukaemic cell clone.
Alterations in Plasma Antithrombin III Following Total Hip Replacement and Elective Cholecystectomy
Authors: Jørgensen Kaj Anker , Stoffersen Erik , Sørensen Per J. , Ingeberg Steen , Hüttel Mogens , Ahlbom Göran
Published: August 2010

Antithrombin III activity and immunoreactive antithrombin III was determined in 31 patients before elective surgery and 3 h, 1, 3 and 7 d after. The values fell about 10–20% from 3 h to 3 d, but had returned to preoperative levels by the seventh day. A fall to 40% was seen. The fall in activity was a little smaller than the fall in immunoreactive protein.
Increase in Tγ Lymphocytes in B‐Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Lauria F. , Foa R. , Catovsky D.
Published: August 2010

A significant increase in the proportion (mean 38 % ± 9.3 SD) and absolute number of Tγ (suppressor) lymphocytes was observed in 13 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) compared with 20 normal controls (mean 19 % ± 6.5). Conversely, the proportion of Tμ (helper) lymphocytes was lower in CLL (mean 27 % ± 9.3) than in the controls (mean 40 % ± 4), although the absolute numbers were normal or increased. It is suggested that an imbalance of T‐lymphocyte subsets controlling B‐lymphocyte differentiation may be relevant in the pathogenesis of CLL or some of its associated features.
Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Willemze R. , Drenthe‐Schonk A. M. , Rossum J. van , Haanen C.
Published: August 2010

From Jan, 1970, to Dec, 1978, 86 previously untreated adolescents and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated in the University Hospitals at Leiden and Nijmegen. Remissions were induced with vincristine and prednisone. If necessary an anthracyclin derivate was added. 73 Patients (85%) achieved a complete remission. CNS leukaemia prophylaxis was given to 64 patients. Two different schedules were used. 35 patients received cranial irradiation with concomitantly intrathecal injections of methotrexate (I+M) after remission had been achieved, and 29 intrathecal methotrexate (M) alone given peridiocally during the remission induction and maintenance treatment. No CNS leukaemia prophylaxis was given to 9 patients (O). Relapses were confined to the CNS alone in 5 cases (group I+M: 1 case; group M: 1 case; group O: 3 cases), to the bone marrow in 40 cases, and to the bone marrow and CNS concurrently in 5 cases (group I+M: 4 cases; group M: no cases; group O: 1 case). A second remission was obtained in 28 patients (56%). The majority of these patients did not receive further CNS prophylaxis. A second relapse of the leukaemia was seen in the majority (23 patients). CNS involvement was found in 6 of these 23 patients. Prophylactic treatment of the CNS in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is mandatory. In our group of patients both schedules of prophylaxis appeared equally effective in preventing CNS leukaemia.
A New Family with Inherited Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Danielsson Lars , Jelf Elisabeth , Lundkvist Lennart
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a family with 13 individuals in 3 generations with thrombocytopenia on the basis of autosomal dominant inheritance.
Expression of Red Cell Specific Determinants during Differentiation in the K562 Erythroleukaemia Cell Line
Authors: Horton M. A. , Cedar S. H. , Edwards P. A. W.
Published: August 2010

A human haemopoietic cell line (K562) which exhibits various erythroid characteristics, has been utilised as a model system for studying erythropoietic differentiation. We have analysed the alterations in expression of cell membrane determinants which accompany the induction of Hb synthesis. We confirm that the K562 cell line exhibits a number of erythroid features: it expresses immunologically detectable membrane proteins, glycophorin A and spectrin and can be induced, by addition of haemin or n‐butyrate, to synthesise Hb. N and i‐like blood group activities are demonstrable in uninduced K562, but band 3, ABH and other major alloantigens characteristic of mature erythrocytes are lacking. The acquisition of cell surface antigens typifying erythroid or other haemopoietic lineages has not been demonstrated following induction, although certain properties not associated with morphologically recognisable red cell precursors are lost. The relevance of these findings to the foetal nature and possible multipotentiality of the K562 cell line are discussed.
Incomplete Fibrin Formation and Highly Elevated Factor XIII Activity in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Klingemann H.‐G. , Egbring R. , Havemann K.
Published: August 2010

Bleeding is a common complication in patients suffering from multiple myeloma. In some cases a defect in fibrin formation has been suggested as one possible cause of haemorrhagic tendency. As shown in this investigation the defect in fibrin formation, ascertained using PAGE, is due to a lack of α‐chain polymerization of fibrin monomers in 5/11 patients with IgG myeloma and in 2/5 patients with IgM paraproteinaemia. No disturbed fibrin polymerization could be observed in IgA myeloma (n = 6). Factor XIII concentrations of subunit A and to a lesser extent of subunit S (Laurell technique) were highly elevated in all cases with regular fibrin formation. Comparable values were obtained by measuring the transamidase activity of factor XIII by incorporation of 14C‐labelled purtrescin into casein. Levels up to 600% of normal could be recorded. In contrast, all patients with a lack of α‐chain polymerization had a factor XIII activity within the normal range. Addition of factor XIII concentrate to plasma from patients with defective fibrin formation led in 5/8 cases to a partial cross‐linking of α‐monomers. We conclude that in some cases paraproteins can inhibit the factor XIII and prevent its action on fibrin.
The Effect of Nitrous Oxide‐Induced Inactivation of Cobalamin on Plasma Amino Acid Levels in the Rat
Authors: Deacon Rosemary , Jennings Patricia , Lumb M. , Perry Janet , Purkiss P. , Chanarin I.
Published: August 2010

Rats were maintained in an atmosphere of equal volumes of oxygen/nitrous oxide (1/1) for up to 7 d and plasma levels of methionine, glycine, serine, histidine, homocysteine and S‐methylcysteine were measured. There was a fall in plasma methionine and a rise in plasma serine levels. There were no significant changes in glycine and histidine levels. Homocysteine and S‐methylcysteine were not detected in rat plasmas. The fall in plasma methionine was due to loss of cobalamin‐dependent methionine synthetase activity. The rise in plasma serine may be due to decline in its metabolism via methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase which is concerned in oxidizing the methenyl‐carbon (=CH–), initially derived as a methylene‐carbon (–CH2–) from serine, to formate (–CHO).
Vincristine and Prednisolone Therapy in Blast Crisis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia in Childhood
Authors: Kano Y. , Takaku F. , Sakamoto S. , Hida K. , Kasahara T. , Okamura J. , Hasegawa K. , Tsukada T. , Sasaki H.
Published: August 2010

6 cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) blast crisis in childhood were treated with vincristine and prednisolone (V‐P). In 3 terminal transferase (TdT)‐positive cases, blast cells were lymphoid in appearance. All 3 TdT‐positive patients entered a complete remission but developed meningeal leukaemia. The mean duration of survival from the onset of blast crisis was 32 months. In 3 TdT‐negative cases, V‐P therapy was ineffective.

The results of this study suggest that V‐P therapy is more effective for CML blast crisis in childhood with TdT positive blast cells and that prophylactic central nervous system treatment is necessary to prevent meningeal leukaemia.
The Effect of Daily Low Dose Gamma Irradiation on Growth and Differentiation of Human Myeloid Leukaemic Bone Marrow in Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Greenberger Joel S. , Chang Janet M. , King Vincent , Fulmer Sandra , Balzuno Silvio , Moloney William C.
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow from each of 8 untreated patients with myeloproliferative disorders was grown in diffusion chambers in 760 rad total body irradiated rats. Rats were then exposed to 11.5, 57.5, or 108.5 rad daily for 14–21 d and cell growth compared to that detected in unirradiated chambers. Cells from acute myelogenous leukaemia patients exposed to 11.5 rad per d grew for 11–21 d and there was no consistent stimulation of differentiation of immature granulocytic cells to mature granulocytes that was attributable to irradiation. Cells from a chronic myeloid leukaemia patient in chronic phase or blast crisis, and a polycythaemia vera patient with myeloid metaplasia showed significant morphologic differentiation from immature to mature granulocytes in control chambers with no additional effect of daily irradiation. Marrow specimens from 2 AML patients exposed to each of 3 daily dose fractions over 14 d revealed a dose‐dependent decrease in immature granulocytes with no persistent increase in mature granulocytes. In both irradiated and control chambers, macrophages increased over 21 d. Thus, cells from patients with myeloproliferative disorders may not necessarily differentiate to mature granulocytes following in vivo exposure to ionizing irradiation.
Low Incidence of Thrombocytopenia during Treatment with Hog Mucosa and Beef Lung Heparin
Authors: Eika C. , Godal H. C. , Laake K. , Hamborg T.
Published: August 2010

129 patients with thrombosis were treated with heparin for 5 d and followed with platelet counts and coagulation examinations. Of 77 patients treated with 2 different brands of hog mucosa heparin, only 1 developed persistent thrombocytopenia below 100 times 109/1. Of 52 patients treated with beef lung heparin, 1 patient developed thrombocytopenia. No patient developed intravascular coagulation or activated fibrinolysis during heparin treatment.
Acquired Dyserythropoiesis with Abnormal Intercellular Contacts between Erythroblasts
Authors: Sebahoun G. , Bayle J. , Muratore R. , Carcassonne Y.
Published: August 2010

A case of acquired dyserythropoiesis with inter‐erythroblastic connections is reported in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia, developing a terminal acute hepatic failure related to hepatocarcinoma. The erythroblastic series was abundant but only made of clusters grouping 10 to 20 closely adherent cells. The cellular membranes showed linear junctions or were interdigitated and the intercellular space was occupied with electron dense ferritin granules. This non specific aspect of dyserythropoiesis may be related to the hepatic carcinoma, which was probably induced by busulfan therapy.
Sequential Studies on Serum‐Levels of Lysozyme, Lactoferrin and Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Alcoholics after Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Lundin L. , Hällgren R. , Venge P.
Published: August 2010

12 male alcoholics were followed for 16 d after alcohol withdrawal with respect to the number of the different circulating blood cells and to serum levels of leucocyte markers such as β2‐microglobulin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), lactoferrin and lysozyme. The results suggest a direct toxic effect of ethanol on the neutrophil granulocytes as indicated by high S‐lactoferrin levels. Relatively low levels of S‐lysozyme as compared to S‐lactoferrin could suggest a reduced activity of the monocytes/macrophages. The eosinophils and lymphocytes seemed quite unaffected by ethanol.

Increased haematopoietic activity after withdrawal was indicated by increasing cell numbers in the peripheral blood and by increasing serum levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme. The increasing monocyte/macrophage activity after withdrawal as suggested by S‐lysozyme levels was closely related (P < 0.001) to the increased thrombopoietic activity as evaluated by peripheral thrombocyte counts. This latter finding could point to a direct relationship between monocyte/macrophage activity and thrombocyte production.
THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK IN PROSTHETIC VALVE CARRIERS. PREVENTION TRIAL
Authors: FARAH E. , CADHILAC M. , BOUBAKER A. , STARKMAN Ch. , ACAR J.
Published: August 2010

The long‐term thromboembolic risk (TER) was estimated in a series of 1096 prosthesis carriers reviewed by the same group between 1963 and 1980, and in which the following points were particularly studied:

the 376 first subjects operated upon with a mean follow‐up of 6 + 3 years, involving all types of prostheses, but more particularly Starr‐Edwards 1260 and 6120 valves.

selected groups of patients: 60 aortic B jørk valves, 50 aortic xenografts, 18 late thromboses of surgical or anatomic valves.
‘Bis’‐Fibrinogenaemia
Authors: Pezzoli Antonio , Pascali Enzo
Published: August 2010

During routine investigation of plasma proteins by agarose gel electrophoresis, a double fibrinogen band was found in a 79‐year‐old woman without previous history or clinical symptoms of bleeding tendency. The finding was not associated with prolonged thrombin clotting time, and other routine coagulation tests gave normal results. The plasma fibrinogen concentration was normal when assayed as thrombin clottable protein and by immunological methods. The fibrinogen abnormality was not drug‐induced and was apparently unrelated to liver disease. Family studies failed to confirm or exclude its genetic origin.
Relative Leucopenia in the Peripheral Blood of Asbestos Miners: An Epidemiologic Analysis
Authors: Munan Louis , Thouez Jean‐Pierre , Kelly Anthea , Gagne Marie , Labonte Danielle
Published: August 2010

The study examines differential leucocyte counts in blood of asbestos miners and quarriers identified during the course of a community health survey comprising 693 men over 25 years of age of all occupations. Subjects in the asbestos mining and quarrying occupational groups were present in the lowest total leucocyte quintile in significantly greater numbers than expected on the basis of an age‐specific uniform leucocyte distribution based upon the total population of male workers. This relative leucopenia was not seen in their wives nor in any of the 22 other major occupational groups examined after their leucocyte counts were adjusted for age and sex variations.
Differing Form of Variant Form of Hypergranular Promyelocytic Leukaemia (M3), or Transition between M3 and Monocytic Leukaemia?
Authors: STAVEM P. , Rørvik T. O. , Blichfeldt P. , Hagen C. B. V. D.
Published: August 2010

A 17‐year‐old woman had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with a leucocyte count of about 100 times 109/1. The great majority of the leucocytes were immature. About half of them were without granules; in the other half the granules were usually scanty, but occasionally numerous and rather coarse. A few cells had Auer rods arranged in bundles. The patient had uncompensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a severe tendency to bleed.

Everything fitted with variant hypergranular promyelocytic leukaemia, except for the staining of 30% of the immature cells by Löffler's unspecific esterase with α‐naphthyl acetate. The patient may, therefore, be classified as either a variant of variant form M3, or as a transition between M3 and acute monocytic leukaemia.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children; Detection of Platelet Autoantibodies by Immunofluorescence
Authors: Leeuwen E. F. van , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr. , van der Dalen C. Plasvan , Engelfriet C. P.
Published: August 2010

There are 3 varieties of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children: the acute, the chronic and the recurrent forms. We have tested the platelets from 80 children with these forms of ITP by an immunofluorescence test. Platelet‐bound immunoglobulins were detected in 19/22 acute, 41/48 chronic and 5/10 recurrent cases of ITP, i.e. in 65 of a total of 80 cases. A significance differences between acute and chronic ITP was found in the observation that only IgM was bound to the platelets of 7/16 patients with acute ITP.

In all cases of chronic ITP with a positive direct immunofluorescence test, IgG was present on the platelet membrane. It is assumed because some patients with chronic ITP do not have elavated platelet‐bound immunoglobulins, and show refractoriness to immunosuppressive therapy, that in these patients the disorder is not of a humoral autoimmune nature.
Cytochemical Demonstration of 5‐Formyl‐Tetrahydrofolate Cyclodehydrase Activity in Leucocytes of Patients with Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Tzortzatou‐Stathopoulou Fotini , Zannos‐Mariolea Leda , Karayiannis P. , Pallis I. , Matsaniotis N.
Published: August 2010

The activity of 5‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate cyclodehydrase has been studied cytochemically in leucocytes of children with acute leukaemia. Comparison of enzymatic activity in the same types of cells showed no significant variation between normal controls and the patients with acute leukaemia. The blast cells were weakly positive or negative. This finding is of very interest as the blast cells are capable of division. Probably the enzyme appears in the blast cells at some stage of the cell cycle. 2 populations of lymphocytes were observed, 1 positive with a few granules and 1 negative. A reduction of enzyme activity was observed after prophylactic cranial irradiation and methotrexate decreased enzyme activity in some patients.
Identification of a Chemokinetic Inhibitor in Serum from Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Siegbahn Agneta , Venge Per , Nilsson Kenneth , Simonson Bengt
Published: August 2010

The effects of serum from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CCL) on normal polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration (PMN) were examined by means of the leading front technique, using a modified Boyden chamber. 18 randomly selected patients were studied. 13 patients had a reduced chemokinetic activity. The defective migration was explained by the finding in serum from these patients of cell‐directed inhibitory activity which was destroyed by heating (56°C, 30 min). The B‐lymphocytes as the origin of the inhibitory activity was suggested by the presence of a similar activity in supernatants from cultured tumour cells. 6 of the 18 patients had the combination of a defective chemokinetic activity and low levels of immunoglobulins. These 6 patients had an increased tendency towards infections.
Megakaryocytic Leukaemia as a Phase of Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Egner James R. , Aabo Kristian , Dimitrov Nikolay V.
Published: August 2010

2 cases of megakaryocytic leukaemia are presented as a variant of myeloproliferative disorders. The uncontrolled proliferation of the megakaryocyte‐platelet cell line occurred after splenectomy and treatment of blastic phase.

Applicability of the term megakaryocytic leukaemia is discussed as well as its relationship to similar disorders. It is suggested that an extensive neoplastic proliferation of megakaryocytes with abnormal maturation and thereby formation of large dysplastic platelets in extra‐medullary organs especially the liver in the end stage of myelofibrosis is a possible mechanism for this disorder. Treatment with platelet‐pheresis may be an effective part of therapy.
Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to ABO Incompatible Plasma in a Platelet Concentrate
Authors: McLeod Bruce C. , Sassetti Richard J. , Weens Joan H. , Vaithianathan Thiru
Published: August 2010

A patient of blood type A1 developed brisk, but transient haemolysis after receiving a platelet transfusion derived from 4 group 0 donors. Anti‐A was detected on his red cells and in his plasma. 2 of the platelet donors were found to have very high titers (1:10240) of anti‐A and positive haemolysin tests. Thus, a haemolytic reaction can result from transfusion of incompatible plasma in a platelet concentrate.
‘Prolymphocytoid’ Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and their Prognostic Significance
Authors: Economopoulos T. , Fotopoulos S. , Hatzioannou J. , Gardikas C.
Published: August 2010

The morphology of lymphocytes in blood and bone marrow smears from 103 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was studied. Special attention was paid to the finding of immature cells with the morphological features of prolymphocytes (prolymphocytoid cells ‐ PLC). Subsequently the prognostic significance of these cells was examined. It was found that in 85 cases no PLC were found (Group I); in 8 cases the percentage was ≤ 10% (Group II) and in 10 cases the PLC were > 10% (Group III). The cases with PLC, especially in group III, fell in advanced stages of the disease (III‐IV) and presented with increased lymphocytosis. In 8 patients of group III, who were followed till death, the disease became refractory to any treatment and the survival was short. We suggest that ‘prolymphocytoid’ transformation is a bad prognostic sign in CLL.
A Case of Variant Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Revisited
Authors: Seip Martin , Skrede Sverre , Bjerve Kristian , Hovig Torstein , Gaarder Per I. , Stavem Per
Published: August 2010

A patient with congenital dysterythropoietic anemia was described in 1975 as variant type II because of negative acidified lysis tests using 12 different fresh sera. Subsequent tests with 2 additional normal sera have been strongly positive.
A Comparison of Tetrahydrofolate and 5‐Formyltetrahydrofolate in Correcting the Impairment of Thymidine synthesis in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Deacon Rosemary , Chanarin I. , Perry Janet , Lumb M.
Published: August 2010

5‐formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate were added to marrow cells from patients with untreated pernicious anaemia at 1, 5 and 50 nmol doses in the deoxyuridine suppression test. At all 3 dose levels formyltetrahydrofolate was significantly more effective in correcting the defect of thymidine synthesis in pernicious anaemia, than tetrahydrofolate. The data suggest that formylation of tetrahydrofolate is necessary for its normal utilization.
Sarcoidosis Associated with Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia and Selective IgA Deficiency
Authors: Thomas L. L. M. , Alberts C. , Pegels J. G. , Balk A. G. , von dem Borne A. E. G. K.
Published: August 2010

The coexistence of thrombocytopenia and selective IgA deficiency was observed in a patient with sarcoidosis. This case report represents the first proven autoimmune thrombocytopenia in sarcoidosis. The IgA deficiency could be coincidental.
Iron Absorption in Patients with Chronic Uraemia
Authors: Milman Nils
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of iron absorption calculated from the incorporation of radioiron into red cells (RCI), compared to measurement by the whole body counting technique (WBR). RCI of orally administered 59Fe, and absorption of 59Fe assessed by WBR were measured simultaneously in 53 chronic uraemic patients (16 non‐dialysed, 18 peritoneal dialysed, 19 haemodialysed), 14 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function, and 27 healthy subjects. In the majority of subjects RCI values were lower than corresponding WBR values, with mean red cell 59Fe utilization values (RCI/WBR ratio x 100) in the various groups from 78% to 93%. All groups demonstrated significant correlations between RCI and WBR with r values from 0.963 to 0.996 (P<0.001). RCI was higher in patients with reduced marrow iron stores than in patients with adequate iron stores (P<0.001), and was correlated both to plasma transferrin (r = 0.59, P<0.001) and serum ferritin (r = ‐0.88, P <0.001). In all groups there was good accuracy of calculated iron absorption (from RCI) compared to ‘true’ iron absorption (by WBR) with r values from 0.963 to 0.995 (P <0.001). Iron absorption measurement based on red cell incorporation appears to be a practical and accurate alternative to whole body counting, both in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic uraemia.
Acute Iron Intoxication with Abruptly Reduced Levels of Vitamin K‐Dependent Coagulation Factors
Authors: Evensen S. A. , Førde R. , Opedal I. , Stormorken H.
Published: August 2010

A 17‐year‐old girl swallowed at least 50 Duroferon duretter®. Each tablet contains ferrous sulphate equivalent to 0.1 g Fe2+. Thus, a total of 5 g Fe2+was ingested. Vitamin K‐dependent coagulation factors dropped within the next hours to very low levels. Thrombotest showed less than 3% of normal coagulation activity 8 h after oral intake. Recovery was uneventful except for laboratory evidence of transient liver damage. The rapidity by which the early coagulation deficiencies developed and the lack of evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation suggested a direct effect of iron on coagulation factors. In vitro studies confirmed that iron in concentrations that may have been attained in vivo, altered the functional activity of several coagulation factors. Monitoring the vitamin K‐dependent coagulation factors may be a simple and useful parameter in acute iron intoxication.
The Platelet Factor 3 Assay and Circulating Immune Complexes as Studied on Non‐Thrombocytopenic Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kutti Jack , Safai‐Kutti Soodabeh , Good Robert A.
Published: August 2010

Sera from 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested with a platelet facor 3 (PF3) assay. A control serum (pooled blood group AB serum) was always run in parallel with the test sera. The test and control sera were run in duplicate and for each patient the mean recalcification time was used for the calculation of the test serum: AB serum ratio. Concomitantly, the patients' serum concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured by using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. 20 healthy hospital employees served as controls. In the latter subjects the mean test serum: AB serum ratio was 0.99 (range 0.92‐1.09), their CIC concentrations being ≤ 16 μg/ml. 7 of the SLE patients had CIC values ≤ 16 μg/ml, and their test serum: AB serum ratios ranged 0.95‐1.09. All the remaining SLE patients had elevated values for CIC. In the total material of SLE there was a highly significant (r= ‐0.87; P< 0.001) negative correlation between the test serum: AB serum ratios and the values for CIC. It is widely held that the so‐called PE3 immunoinjury test detects circulating antiplatelet antibodies. The present results, however, strongly suggest that the assay rather or also detects CIC which like antiplatelet antibodies may damage platelets as we and others have shown in prior publications.
Differentiation Associated Changes in Isozyme Expression of Amino Acid Naphthylamidase in Myeloid Cells
Authors: Roos G.
Published: August 2010

Triton X‐100 resistant isozymes of amino acid naphthylamidase were studied by polyacryla‐mide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and affinity chromatography in samples from 12 human haematopoietic cell lines, 8 leukaemic patients and 4 healthy persons. Affinity to WGA‐Sepharose seemed to be correlated to differentiation in the myeloid series, indicating differences in the N‐acetyl‐glucose‐amine content of the enzyme molecules in mature and immature cells. A high carbohydrate content might be characteristic for mature myeloid cells. By trypsin digestion of intact cells and analysis of released enzyme activities into the medium new information on isozyme expression of amino acid naphthylamidase in the granulocyte‐monocyte lineages could be achieved.
Function ex vivo of 111 In‐Labelled Human Platelets Simultaneous Aggregation of Labelled and Unlabelled Platelets Induced by Collagen
Authors: Schmidt Kai GjerlØff , Rasmussen Jens WÆver , Arendrup Henrik
Published: August 2010

The function of 111In‐labelled platelets has been assessed by collagen‐induced aggregation of platelets in samples of whole blood. The blood samples were drawn after injection of autologous 111In‐labelled platelets in 19 subjects undergoing platelet kinetic studies. It was thus possible to measure the aggregability of labelled and unmanipulated platelets simultaneously. 111In‐labelled platelets aggregated to the same extent as unmanipulated platelets when tested from 10 min to 24 h after injection of the labelled platelets. The results confirm the assumption that minimal damage is inflicted on the platelets during the isolation and labelling procedures, and support the concept that platelets manipulated in vitro may recover in vivo within a few minutes after reinjection.
Tonsillectomy, Appendectomy and Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Silingardi Vittorio , Venezia Leonardo , Tampieri Auro , Gramolini Claudio
Published: August 2010

According to some authors, prior tonsillectomy and/or appendectomy increase the frequency of certain types of neoplasm. 731 cases of malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and an equal number of controls were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the frequency of tonsillectomy and appendectomy and the age at onset of the lymphomas. The results exclude that prior tonsillectomy and/or appendectomy increase the probability of development of lymphomas. Likewise, the age at onset of HD or NHL was not influenced by the surgical ablation of the palatine tonsils and the appendix.
Intracranial Myeloid Metaplasia in Myelofibrosis
Authors: Lundh Bengt , Brandt Lennart , Cronqvist Sten , Eyrich Raili
Published: August 2010

In a man aged 62 years with a 14‐year‐history of polycythaemia vera progressing into a myelofibrotic stage symptoms and signs of an intracranial tumour with increased intracranial pressure developed. CT scan as well as angiography of the right internal carotid artery revealed richly vascularized masses within the meninges. The patient died in endocarditis and progressive heart failure and at autopsy the intracranial masses were shown to be due to meningeal myeloid metaplasia. The literature is reviewed and it appears that myeloid metaplasia within the central nervous system might be more common than has been hitherto anticipated. A CT scan is to be recommended in myelofibrosis whenever symptoms and signs suggesting intracranial disease are present.
Blood and Lymph Node T‐Lymphocyte Subsets in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: LINDEMALM C. , MELLSTEDT H. , BIBERFELD P. , BJÖRKHOLM M. , CHRISTENSSON B. , HOLM G. , JOHANSSON B. , SUNDBLAD R.
Published: August 2010

Blood and lymph node T‐lymphocyte subpopulations have been studied in untreated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients and healthy controls. T‐lymphocytes were determined by the E‐rosette technique and by OKT3/LEU4 monoclonal antibodies; OKT4/LEU3 and OKT8/LEU2 monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T‐cell subsets with helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic activity, respectively. OKT4+ T‐cells were low in patients, while OKT8+ T‐cell numbers were normal. The OKT4+/OKT8+ blood lymphocyte ratio was below the normal range in about 50% of the patients. The ratio was higher in lymph nodes than in blood of patients and controls. The results may suggest that untreated NHL patients have a reduced pool of T‐cells with phenotypic markers of OKT4/LEU3. Monoclonal blood B‐lymphocytes were found in 45% of the cases. The presence of such cells in blood was frequently associated with a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio.
An Analysis of Peripheral Blood Burst Forming Units‐Erythroid in the Polycythaemic States
Authors: Yuen E. , Gibson J. , Rickard K. A. , Kronenberg H.
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood burst forming units‐erythroid (BFU‐E) were measured by the plasma clot cell culture technique in patients with the various subtypes of polycythaemia and compared to normal. 10 patients with active polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) were found to have a mean BFU‐E level of 48 ± 15.8 (SEM) per 5 times 105 cultured cells which was significantly different from normals (4 ± 1.1, P < 0.02), patients with controlled PRV (7 ± 1.6, P < 0.025), secondary polycythaemia (1 ± 0.3, P < 0.015) and relative polycythaemia (0, P < 0.015). Burst forming units were found to fall to normal levels in patients with PRV with appropriate disease control and then to rise again in patients untreated for more than 18 months.

Clinical aspects. Measurement of BFU‐E levels from the peripheral blood could provide a useful adjunct from an accessible source in the differential diagnosis of polycythaemia as well as being of use in serial monitoring of patients with PRV.
Lung Transit of 111Indium‐Labelled Granulocytes
Authors: Saverymuttu S. H. , Peters A. M. , Danpure H. J. , Reavy H. J. , Osman S. , Lavender J. P.
Published: August 2010

The early in vivo distribution of 111Indium‐labelled granulocytes, recorded by dynamic imaging using a gamma camara and computer, varied according to the separation and labelling technique. Following i.v. bolus injection, 4 kinetic patterns could be identified: (A) rapid transit through the pulmonary vasculature, (B) delayed transit through the lung with clearance by about 30 min, (C) complete retention by the lung, for up to 10 min, followed by slow release over a period of 1 to 2 h, (D) delayed transit through the lung with a similar time course to (B) but with subsequent heavy liver uptake.

Granulocytes labelled with 111In‐tropolonate and maintained in plasma throughout the labelling procedure, whether injected as a ‘pure’ (separated by plasma‐enriched density gradient centrifugation) or ‘crude’ (separated by differential centrifugation) preparation, displayed type A kinetics, thought to most closely represent the normal behaviour of granulocytes. ‘Crude’ cells labelled in saline with 111In‐acetylacetonate displayed type B kinetics. ‘Pure’ cells isolated on Percoll‐saline and labelled in saline with 111In‐acetyl‐acetonate displayed type C kinetics, thought to represent granulocyte ‘stimulation’ and/or damage, or type D kinetics, thought to represent severe damage. The importance is stressed of labelling granulocytes for kinetic studies with a technique that results in minimal alteration of cell behaviour.
Complement Studies in Splenectomized Patients
Authors: Nielsen J. Lanng , Buskjær L. , Lamm L. U. , Sølling J. , Ellegaard J.
Published: August 2010

Total haemolytic complement activity, C2, C5, total alternative pathway activity, factor B, and C3d were measured in 85 splenectomized patients from 1 month to 32 years after splenectomy. Furthermore the patients were investigated for circulating immune complexes. No major deficiences of the complement factors were detected. In a few patients a reduced C2 level was caused by genetically determined defects or was due to complement consumption in conjunction with circulating immune complexes. The complement levels were normal in 2 patients who had survived overwhelming infections after splenectomy. C5 was elevated in a major proportion of the patients, and it is suggested that this might be caused by post‐splenectomy monocytosis. Circulating immune complexes were found in 20% of all cases, irrespective of the presence of residual splenic tissue. Thus the commonly cited impairment of the complement system after splenectomy does not seem to be substantiated, and the deficient resistance against bacterial infections in splenectomized patients does not seem to include abnormalities of the complement system.
In Vitro Stimulation of Human Neutrophil Granulopoiesis by Unmasking an Effect of Human Serum
Authors: Mortensen Børge Thing , Schultz Henrik , Nissen Nis I.
Published: August 2010

Human bone marrow cells from normal subjects were density‐separated in continuous density gradients of the Percoll medium. The distribution of cells showed a linear relationship between morphologic maturation and increasing density. The method was used to characterize the target cell of the growth‐stimulating effect of ultrasonically irradiated (UI) serum. All experiments showed that a distinct cell population of higher density contained the target cells, corresponding to the distribution of early myelocytes. Furthermore, the target cell was shown not to contain the Ia like antigen and was destroyed by freezing, both facts supporting the assumption of a relatively mature target cell.

It is concluded that the divisions at the myelocytic level might be under the influence of a serum factor, unmasked by UI treatment.
Evidence of Hyposplenism in the Presence of Splenomegaly
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , Gatling Robert R. , Tavassoli Mehdi
Published: August 2010

Evidence of hyposplenism (Howell‐Jolly bodies, Pappenheimer bodies and nucleated red cells in the blood) was found in a patient with splenomegaly and Hb C disease. Splenic haemangiosarcoma was found at operation. Evidence of hyposplenism in the presence of a normal size or enlarged spleen should alert the physician to the possibility of a complicating factor.
The Lymphocyte Lysosomes in Ontogeny of Man
Authors: Lisiewicz Jerzy , Moszczyńki Paulin
Published: August 2010

During intrauterine fetal development of the gradual formation of enzyme‐positive lyso‐somes containing acid phosphatase, beta‐glucuronidase, and N‐acetyl‐beta‐glucosaminidase takes place within peripheral lymphocytes. During the first 5 decades of human life the lysosomal apparatus of lymphocytes containing the above enzymes exhibits relative stability whereas the final stages of man's ontogenetic development between 6th and 9th decade of life are characterized by the disintegration of enzyme‐positive lysosomes.
Eosinophilic Granulocytes as a Possible Source of Vitamin B12‐Binding Protein
Authors: Mansouri Ali , Perry Carol A. , Boyd Charles M. , Hsu Shu‐Dean
Published: August 2010

Leucocyte B12 and B12‐binding capacity were measured by Simultrac radioassay in eosinophilic granulocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes and leucocytes obtained from patients with chronic granulocytic and lymphocytic leukaemia. It is shown that (a) eosinophils are a possible source of B12‐binding protein similar to neutrophils and (b) granulocytes in myeloproliferative disorders and normal neutrophils have similar B12 and B12‐binding capacity indicating that increased B12 and B12‐binding capacity in myeloproliferative disorders arise from an increase in myeloid cell turnover.
Increased Fibrinolytic Capacity after Intervention on Diet in Healthy Coronary High‐risk Men
Authors: ANDERSEN P. , ARNESEN H. , HJERMANN I.
Published: August 2010

In a study of 42 healthy, middle‐aged men with high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), especially on the basis of hyperlipoproteinaemia, a highly significant correlation was found between the euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) after venous stasis and serum triglyceride concentration (p < 0.01), whereas no such correlation was found between ECLT and serum cholesterol. In accordance with these findings, delayed clot lysis was mostly associated with types IIB and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Twenty‐two of the participants had been defined as excellent diet responders on the basis of diet recording and serum lipid lowering, whereas the other 20 were controls. Following dietary changes with normalization of hypertriglyceridaemia, significantly more good diet responders of the intervention group had increased fibrinolytic capacity as compared with the control group (p < 0.02). Thus it seems possible to normalize both the lipoprotein pattern and the fibrinolytic capacity to some extent through dietary advice, which again may contribute to less clinical events of CHD.