bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a problem-based approach to improve the professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties
Authors: Huzii Nataliia , Yekimov Sergey , Kushniruk Svitlana , Yashanov Sergii , Kholodenko Olena , Zvarych Hanna , Vasylyshyn Vitalii
Published: May 2021

The use of a problem-based approach in the preparation of students of physical and mathematical specialties allows them to acquire new skills, abilities and knowledge in the process of learning by solving various professional problems. This requires the use of various available information resources.

Problem-oriented training provides an opportunity to acquire the skills of information retrieval and creative problem solving. During problem-oriented training, students have the opportunity to acquire the skills of teamwork and search for non-standard ways to solve problematic issues. Professional readiness is an integral indicator of the quality of training of a specialist and the level of skill in accordance with the requirements that his professional activity puts forward. Problem-oriented learning encourages students to search for the required information from various sources. In addition, the information sought can be interdisciplinary. Problem-oriented training contributes to the improvement of professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties.
Digital heuristic paradigm of research and development work in the conditions of university
Authors: Kosnikova O V , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Yudanov P M , Ozhiganov V E
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the model of a digital university. The author’s paradigm of research and design work, based on the student social network model, is researched, the scientometric and heuristic aspects of the proposed system functioning are determined. The role and general significance of the proposed methodology is indicated. A schematic diagram of the reduction to the proposed digital paradigm is given. The application of the model and its transparency are substantiated.
Evaluating the automated organizational decision support effectiveness
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg V
Published: May 2021

In the automating the management process practice, there is currently a challenges number identified by the toolkit ability to evaluate the management automation tools implementation expected effectiveness, including industrial process management. In practice, an automation assessment tools wide range are used, but none of the tools used provides an automated management system quality comprehensive evaluation as a whole and its components separately. This situation makes it difficult to develop and implement automated production management tools. The article suggests applying a methodology that uses the automatic control theory mathematical apparatus to evaluate control automation effectiveness. An example of how to evaluate a typically automated control system effectiveness is given. This example analysis shows the proposed approach’ practical applicability. The proposed mathematical apparatus practical application will ensure an express assessment when comparing the various options for providing control automation, which is especially important at the pre-project research and project stages.
Peculiarities in teaching engineers of a technological university English for professional purposes
Authors: Osliakova I V , Kudinova T V , Rybakova E E , Kappusheva I S
Published: May 2021

Some issues of a foreign language teaching to physicist students of an engineering university are considered. The value of foreign languages (FL) teaching in the development of an engineer as a specialist is outlined, differences in the existing concepts of teaching foreign languages are formulated. The features and areas of technical FL application are identified using the example of the English language. The features and difficulties of engineers foreign languages training are identified, and ways of solving existing problems are outlined. The most promising and effective methods of preparation of physicist students are determined. The need of qualitative changes in foreign languages teaching of physicist students is substantiated, in order to improve the level of their foreign language proficiency and the possibility of its practical use in future professional activities.
Development of the intellectual complex for parallel work of steam boilers
Authors: Muravyova E A , Gabitov R F
Published: May 2021

High rates of industrial and social progress require a sharp increase in heat generation on the basis of the powerful development of fuel and energy. Design of parallel operation of several boilers today is an important and necessary part of effective work in the workplace. Parallel connection of the boiler is made to: increase the maximum output and its subsequent progression, improve resiliency boilers, economical power consumption due to less loss of efficiency when operating at partial power, raising the living resource boilers, thrifty power consumption due to less loss of efficiency when operating at partial power, raising the living resource boilers, prevent local overheating and coking of tubes in the separation of heavy residues. Despite the significant advantages of using a parallel connection of the boiler there are problems such as a complex piping boiler, consumption of materials to connect the boiler, the increase in unforeseen expenditure. In the operation of the boiler unit therein may be damaged (piping, boiler elements accident water economizers) become unstable (water omission due to poor ventilation compartment exhaust emissions occur explosions and pops) that create dangerous situations fraught failure of the equipment or boiler unit as a whole, with the destruction of large material losses and loss of human life. A neural network is a system of contact between a simple processor whose operation is processing of received signals and send them to other CPUs. This processor is called a neuron. Artificial neural networks are selected for the development of process control systems due to the fact that they are fault tolerant. In a neural network information is distributed throughout the network, which means in case of failure of the neuron network behavior will be changed slightly, changing the behavior of neurons, but the network itself continues to operate successfully. Neural networks are not programmed in the usual sense of the word, they are trained. The possibility of training - one of the major advantages of neural networks over conventional algorithms. Technical training is to find the coefficients of the connections between neurons. During training, the neural network is able to identify the complex relationships between input and output data, and perform synthesis. This means that in case of successful learning network will be able to return the correct result on the basis of data that were not available in the training set.
About the development of a method for remote determination of the underground pipeline insulation coating condition
Authors: Nikulin S A , Karnavsky E L , Lartsov S V , Repin D G
Published: May 2021

Corrosion protection of underground steel pipelines is carried out by means of electrochemical protection and insulation coatings. During the operation of pipelines, under the effect of various external factors, the insulation properties of coatings decrease over time, which leads to an increase in the operating modes of electrochemical protection means. Operating organizations need to monitor the condition of the coating of underground pipelines, to predict the protection against corrosion and to plan repair work. Using the remote corrosion monitoring systems made it possible to obtain a mathematical model of the electrochemical protection system against corrosion of the object, which allowed to determine the true impact of cathodic current sources on the protective potential control points, excluding the impact of related and external power sources. Knowing the effect of the source on the protective potentials on the section, accordingly, it can accordingly be assumed that it is possible to identify patterns between the amount of change in this affect and the condition of the insulation coating on the section. A method for determining the integral condition the insulation coating is proposed, with the possibility of remote implementation on the basis of remote corrosion monitoring equipment, for which the pipeline model was tested in the laboratory. Testing of the developed method on a real gas main transport facility showed its practical applicability, as well as sufficient accuracy for engineering tasks, in determining the indicators of the insulation coating condition.
Analysis of InGaP(001) surface by the low energy ion scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Kutliev U O , Karimov M K , Kuryozov F O , Otabaeva K U
Published: May 2021

Ion scattering spectroscopy, which is a variation of low energy ion scattering (LEIS) that employs glancing scattering angles, is performed on InGaP(001) surfaces. LEIS energy distribution are simulated by computer simulation along the <110> and <ī10> direction, and the match of the positions of the flux peaks shows that the top three atomic layers are bulk-terminated. A newly observed feature are identified as a minimum in the multiple scattering when the ion beam incidence is along a low index direction. Calculated trajectories of scattered ions. This new method for analysis of large-angle LEIS data was shown to be useful for accurately investigating complex surface structures.
Ontological models of cyber physical systems
Authors: Voinov Artem , Senokosov Ilya
Published: May 2021

A version of developing an ontological model of a cyber physical system of the high level is offered in this paper. The description of the individual elements used in the developed ontological model is presented. The basic formular description of the high level ontology in the logical language of predicates is given. Realizations of particular cases of cyber physical systems are also given using three examples: a conveyor system for processing parts based on Festo, Smart Grids and Part Sequence Sorting System. For each of the models shown, a complete description of the indoor units is provided. Ontological models are based on the use of the concept of functional-block implementation, since this method is the most successful at present. As an intermediate model for adding rules, Prolog is used, whereof transmission into a set of function blocks will take place in the future.
Virtual assistant constructing method for metrological measurements
Authors: Trokoz D A , Mitrohin M A , Sinev M P , Zinkin S A , Boriskin V V , Neshko D O , Sivishkina N O
Published: May 2021

The article considers a dialog service which performs a bot assistant functions for recording metrological measurements results. The project conducted research of one of the modern approach to developing chatbot — rule-based chatbot. The main approach’s features were considered and compared with analogous bot assistant in that article. The aim of the research is development of the dialog service model to ease and accelerate metrological measurements. As a result, the article proposed recommendations for developing a dialog system which performs a bot assistant with functions of performing and recording metrological measurements results typed by the user to the chat or using a voice assistant.
Formalized description of cyber-physical systems models using temporary non-deterministic automata
Authors: Trokoz D A , Zabrodina K A , Safronova V S , Veselova M D , Sinev M P , Mitrohin M A , Gurin E I , Pashchenko T Y
Published: May 2021

The principles of building finite state automata taking into account temporal logic were considered. In this case, time delays of the input symbol are added to the elements of the finite state automaton, which allow the automaton to change its state without producing an output symbol, as well as delays of the output symbol that determine the necessary time interval for the corresponding transition. The main approaches to the definition of the concept of a process, such as “process is a state” and “process is a transition”, which are characterized by the principles of signal processing, taking into account the possibility of saving the state and forming a queue for signal processing, are distinguished. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the approach to the formation of a hierarchical cyber system and the use of temporary SNDA. This method allows to synchronize processes in multithreaded data processing in complex organized, multilevel systems and excludes the possibility of unstable operation, and also improves the performance of the entire complex. As a visual representation of the model of the created principle of temporal non-deterministic automata, a system of grinding and transferring grain in a mill was used.
Improvement of electronic design and technological documentation approval procedure quality by using the apparatus of artificial neural networks
Authors: Ivanov M V , Afanasenkov S A , Skorniakova E A
Published: May 2021

The necessity of the product life cycle processes reengineering such as design and production stages in order to reduce feedback between design and technological departments and production departments within the framework of the tasks of the organization’s quality management service has been substantiated. Design and technological documentation approval processes are overviewed within the usage of single integrated automated system environment. The apparatus of artificial neural networks is applied to simulate processes and identify redundant elements. An optimized neural network model of approval processes for design and technological documentation is obtained.
Prospects of test systems use for assessing the water quality of small rivers and reservoirs in the Samara region
Authors: Shabanova A V , Zakirova M N , Chuprina E V
Published: May 2021

Protection against pollution of surface and ground waters is implemented at different levels of state environmental protection management, including the regional one. There are a number of programs in Samara region aimed at providing residents of the region with high-quality drinking water and environmental rehabilitation of water bodies, including small rivers. Information support for making management decisions in this area is the data of environmental monitoring. On the example of the data on dissolved oxygen content in the water of rivers and reservoirs of Samara region, the shortcomings of the existing system of environmental monitoring were identified, which covers only a small part of water bodies of economic importance. At the model object, which was chosen as one of the ponds of Samara, the capabilities of the test systems for measuring the content of dissolved oxygen were shown. It was also shown the desirability of using the test systems for water bodies in remote areas of the region as part of the expansion and improvement of the existing environmental monitoring system.
Relativistic magnetic flux quantum - a unique radiation carrier
Authors: Jumaev Mustakim , Sharipov Mirzo , Rizoqulov Mirzokhid
Published: May 2021

The work found the shape of spectral lines of electromagnetic radiation produced by a relativistic quantum of magnetic flux moving in a Josephson transmission line under the action of a purely fluctuating external current and dissipation. It is shown that even in the case of a Gaussian noise current, the shape of the spectral lines of electromagnetic radiation has an essentially non-Gaussian form. The limited dispersion of the frequency of electromagnetic radiation (which is determined by the pinching of the spectral lines of radiation) is proved, due to the relativistic properties of the quantum magnetic flux. This is another unique aspect of the relativistic quantum magnetic flux - as a carrier of electromagnetic radiation in the Josephson transmission line.
Modelling and optimizing sensor wireless network systems
Authors: Ya Lvovich I , Lvovich Ya E , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P , Choporov O N
Published: May 2021

This paper is connected with the necessity of problem modelling and optimizing sensor wireless network systems. The general scheme of a multi-step process of making the optimal decision in sensor wireless network systems is given. The main steps of the computational scheme of the dynamic programming method are given. It is shown how to increase the efficiency of the wireless sensor network. All possible variants of optimal strategies are demonstrated that ensure obtaining the maximum value of a generalized performance indicator. The results of the paper can be useful in the development of wireless sensor networks with high performance indicators.
The Surface polaritons with negative group velocity at the vacuum-resonant dielectric interface
Authors: Yatsyshen V V
Published: May 2021

Surface polaritons most clearly manifest their properties when the processes of energy dissipation are neglected. In this case, they are collective excitations that propagate exclusively along the interface, and the energy flux of surface polaritons deep into the medium becomes zero. A more realistic model of a surface polariton assumes that dissipation processes are always present. In this case, the surface polariton partially penetrates deep into the medium due to the appearance of the real part of the propagation constant in this direction. It should be emphasized that in the region of existence of a surface polariton, the dielectric constant of the medium has strong frequency dependence; therefore, by virtue of the Kramers-Kronig relations, the dielectric constant must have an imaginary part, which is precisely responsible for the dissipation processes. In this paper we show that when surface polaritons are considered at the vacuum-resonance insulator boundary and strict allowance for dissipation, frequency regions arise in which surface polaritons have a negative group velocity and the dielectric acquires the properties of a metamaterial.
Improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of air propellers of wind power plants using jet mechanization of blades
Authors: Osovskii D I , Sharatov A S
Published: May 2021

The paper considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of wind power plants through the use of jet mechanization of propeller blades. The study of jet mechanization of the blade was carried out for the aerodynamic profile of NACA 0012 by numerical simulation in the Flow Vision software. The calculations were carried out by solving the plane problem of a completely compressible fluid or gas flow around the blade profile. The results of numerical simulation confirmed the change in the profile characteristics when additional air is supplied to the profile suction surface. The results obtained have been verified with the results of other authors. The data obtained as a result of modeling can be used both in the creation of new wind stations and in the capital improvement of the existing ones.
Innovative approaches in the training of engineering personnel
Authors: Kameneva G A , Bondarenko T A , Sedov A I
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of using innovative technologies in the process of training future specialists in the field of applied physics and engineering. The necessity of development and implementation of innovative technologies in higher education is substantiated. The effectiveness of the proposed technologies is evaluated in terms of the formation of professional competencies of bachelors. The article considers innovative approaches and the corresponding educational technologies. The experience of the development and integration of innovative technologies in the educational process of a technical university is described on the example of teaching mathematical subjects for students. The article describes the experience of the effective use of electronic educational environment of the university to create original elements of electronic educational resources, considers the possibility of introducing students to VR \ AR technologies in the framework of project activities. The article discusses the results of a training experiment in which students of technical training areas participated.
Mathematical modelling of risk and safe regions of technical systems and surviving trajectories
Authors: Rogalev A N , Rogalev A A , Feodorova N A
Published: May 2021

The reliability of a technical system is the ability to perform the required functions, being within the specified boundaries of all parameters and conditions of application of the technical system.The concept of safety of a technical system is based on damage. Damage is the amount of deterioration in the quality of the system.The amount of damage determines two properties: the hazard of the system is a characteristic of the ability to suffer or cause damage;safety of system is a characteristic that prevents damage from occurring or reducing its magnitude to an acceptable value.The article deals with the analysis of safe and dangerous states of a technical system based on the study of the properties of their mathematical models, especially the survival of their trajectories.The relationship between the security areas and the practical stability of the technical system as the limitation of all its trajectories is determined.
Boundary revision of a beam model for a thin-walled waveguide at bending vibration
Authors: Kudryavtsev I V , Brungardt M V , Kudryavtseva Yu M , Kolotov A V , Rabetskaya O I
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the problem of choosing a model type for a straight thin-walled waveguide with a rectangular cross-section during its vibrations. To do this, calculations were made of the first natural frequency of vibration for waveguides of different geometric sizes. The restraints of the waveguide were accepted by a cantilever, hinged, and fixed supports. The difference between the values of the first natural frequency of vibration for the beam and shell waveguide models was estimated. Calculations were carried out analytically on the theory of beam vibration and by the numerical method of finite elements. The results show that the boundary known in static calculations of the applicability of the beam model Rmax/L = 0.1 requires clarification at bending vibrations for the small thickness of the section wall. With small wall thicknesses, the error of calculating the first natural frequency of vibrations will increase sharply due to the effect of a beam section warping.
Approximation of a supports stiffness influence on support coefficient values for a spring-hinged beam by quadratic functions
Authors: Mityaev A E , Kudryavtsev I V , AIvanov V , Khomutov M P , Kolotov A V
Published: May 2021

The paper proposes the approximation for the dependence of the beam first frequency on the torsional stiffness of its supports using quadratic analytical functions. For this purpose, a numerical solution of a beam’s free vibration equation for a large range of torsional stiffness of supports is made and support coefficients are calculated. The obtained values are divided into three subbands, each of which is approximated by a quadratic function. This approach reduced the approximation error and allowed to use a quadratic polynomial. This allows solving the direct problem of analytical approximation, as well as solving the inverse problem of finding the required stiffness of the supports to achieve the required coefficient of supports and, accordingly, the frequency of vibration of the beam. Normalizing the obtained support coefficients is proposed for a more convenient estimation of the effect of their values on the first frequency of beam vibration.
Wave dynamics in a bubbly liquid during the synthesis of gas hydrate
Authors: Chiglintseva A S , Nasyrov A A , Chiglintsev I A
Published: May 2021

In this work, on the basis of the equations of a bubbly liquid, a numerical simulation of the process of propagation of pressure waves of moderate amplitude, accompanied by the synthesis of gas hydrate in water with gas bubbles Freon-12, was carried out. The dynamics of plane-one-dimensional shock waves with a stepped profile, the volumetric gas content of the gas in the gas-liquid medium, and the average density of the gas hydrate are shown. The situation is considered when in the initial state of the bubble mixture hydrate formation does not occur, but when exposed to a shock wave, due to an increase in pressure in the bubbles and their fragmentation, favorable conditions for hydrate formation are created at the interface. Also, the use of gas hydrate synthesis technologies creates prerequisites for solving the problem of the greenhouse effect on the planet, and hence the climate. One of the solutions may be an increase in the interphase surface upon contact between water and hydrate-forming gas. Some theoretical calculations based on the model of gas hydration behind the pressure wave are presented.
A generalized solution of a modified Cauchy problem of class R
2 for a hyperbolic equation of the second kind
Authors: Abdullayev A , Zhuvanov K , Ruzmetov K
Published: May 2021

One of the main problems in the theory of partial differential equations is the study of equations of mixed type. the modified Cauchy problem for some values of α is stated and investigated. The equations of the mixed type began to be studied systematically, after FI Frankl indicated their applications to the problems of transonic and supersonic gas dynamics. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to find out whether it is possible to find a more convenient form of representation of the solution of the Cauchy problem for a differential equation, with the help of which it would be possible to solve boundary value problems for a mixed type equation of both parabolic-hyperbolic and elliptic-hyperbolic types. The modified Cauchy problem for some values of α is stated and investigated. A convenient representation of the generalized solution of the modified Cauchy problem is obtained.
Phenomenological modeling of systems with continuous liquid phase for optimal control of ultrasonic cavitation influence
Authors: Golykh R N
Published: May 2021

The paper presents approach to optimal control of intensity of ulrasonic oscillations. The goal of control is providing maximum of energy efficiency of changing of structure and characteristic of mediums. The goal is achieved by developing complex phenomenological model of process under ultrasonic oscillations. The phenomenological model takes into account kinetics of processes and allows to determine real energy consuming. The model was tested on processes mechanical destruction of macromolecules and dispersing. The results of calculations by the model are dependencies of fractional composition liquid macromolecules and solid particles on time and viscosity of liquid, structure component of attenuation coefficient on intensity and viscosity of liquid. The model allows to evaluate multipliers for intensity providing maximum efficiency of cavitation. The multipliers allow to optimizing ultrasonic influence (increasing energy efficiency) and constant for specific process. Using of the multipliers increases the energy efficiency of process up to 1.8 times. Obtained results confirmed by experiments and can be used for ultrasonic equipment development.
Development of comprehensive program for the implementation of strategy to increase competitiveness in the global satellite communications market for Russian company
Authors: Komarova N V , Slav S I
Published: May 2021

The study is devoted to the development and control of a plan for the implementation of strategic measures to increase competitiveness in the global satellite communications market for a Russian company owning an orbital constellation in geosynchronous orbit. Previous work of the authors was devoted to the development of this strategy. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the concepts and views of Russian and foreign experts in the field of communications and scientific workers. Improving the quality of strategic management was ensured using the Industry 4.0 tools, network project management and experiment. In the course of the study, the stages of strategy implementation were worked out. The system of strategic changes related to the implementation of the strategy is presented. The forecast values of the allocation of financial resources for the development of the enterprise positioning strategy in the global satellite communications market are given and data on the need for additional staff to implement the positioning strategy in the directions are given, the strategic control technology is developed. The practical significance of the study is determined and confirmed by the fact that the findings of this study can serve as a guide for all enterprises in the satellite communications market facing the problem of competitiveness in the telecommunications market.
Theoretical aspects of the theory of decision-making in terms of contracting in the field of metrological support
Authors: Malikov V N , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Kalyakina I M , Bobkov V V
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to consideration of the role and significance of applied applications of the theory of finite automata and the theory of relational contracting in economics and metrology. The applied use of the theory of automated control in the general theory of decision making is substantiated in the form of formalizing the rules of rigid logic in the analysis of decisions. The optimization importance of discrete finite automata in the monitoring of economic objects is concretized, a diagram of the relationship between the measuring tasks of metrology and the parameters of the elements of a typical production process is indicated.
Atmospheric precipitation as a source for the formation of surface water resources of the desert zone
Authors: Kh Saidova M , Kh Shafkarov B , Tolipova D N , Akramova N A
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to scientifically substantiate the metrological aspects of the possible volumes of surface runoff throughout its entire territory, which could be used in the interests of agricultural production. The article discusses the monthly norms of atmospheric precipitation at the meteorological stations of the Kyzyl Kum desert. It has been determined that in the Kyzyl Kum desert up to 75% of atmospheric precipitation falls in liquid form. Accordingly, the share of solid and mixed precipitation accounts for about 25%, and this ratio regularly changes with the movement from north to south. At present, the conditions for the formation and regularities of the spatial distribution of surface water resources of the Kyzyl Kum desert are unknown and, in the author’s opinion, it is economically inexpedient to neglect them, especially in dry years. The study used the most developed method of correlation functions to estimate the possible error in extrapolating the sum of atmospheric precipitation to a given area, but with respect to the entire set of meteorological stations available in the Kyzyl Kum desert. The results of the study showed a high stability of the ratios of monthly and maximum daily amounts of atmospheric precipitation. This stability takes place both in relation to the entire spring time and throughout the entire area of the Kyzyl Kum desert. Such stability and calculated ratios make it possible to roughly determine the daily precipitation amount, having only data on their monthly amount.
Determination of toxicity of soil contaminated with by of petrochemical hidrocarbons
Authors: Ovsyannikova I V , Shulaev N S , Pryanichnikova V V , Kadyrov R R
Published: May 2021

This work presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of the distillation residue of petrochemical industry containing heavy hydrocarbons on soil toxicity using phytotesting methods. Spring wheat «Omskaya-36» seeds were used as a test object. The experiments were conducted according to the certified method for determining soil toxicity by seed germination and measuring the average length of watercress seedlings (Lepidiumsativum) FR.1.39.2016.24117. The studies were conducted in laboratory conditions for three types of soil: gray forest, sod-podzolic, leached chernozem. The assessment was determined by such parameters as seed germination, underground, aboveground and the total seedling length. The studies revealed a negative effect of the petrochemical distillation residue on the studied soil types. The results showed the effectiveness of using Lepidiumsativum to determine the toxicity of the analyzed soils containing toxic hydrocarbons. The developed method can be used for the analysis of the pollutants toxic effect on soils.
Computational supporting decision-making in self-government bodies using machine learning
Authors: Rakhimboev Kh J , Ismailov M A , Kh Khusinov H , Hakimov Z A , Khujaev O K
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the problem of building a model and algorithm for supporting decision-making in self-government bodies by machine learning. As a method of machine learning, a multiple linear regression method is selected for processing the training sample. In the training sample, independent data consists of parametric assessments in the numerical form of self-government organs in three areas of activity, as, education, social environment and crime. A dependent parameter consists of generalized expert assessments of self-government bodies, also in numerical form. A model and an algorithm for the decision support process for making decisions using the multiple linear regression method is built. Based on the built model and the proposed algorithm, the ratios of the function coefficients to support the decision-making are identified. With this model, a generalized expert assessment in a numerical form is determined for the new self-government body, which is interpreted as a proposed solution to improve the state of the object.
Quantitative assessment of biogenic elements and suspended matter load to inner-city river: the role of point sources and diffuse runoff
Authors: Sabanaev R N , Nikitin O V , Latypova V Z , Minakova E A , Yu Stepanova N
Published: May 2021

The article provides a quantitative assessment of the input of biogenic elements and suspended matter in the composition of the storm sewer outlets from the territory of the Kazan City (Russia, the Republic of Tatarstan) and the diffuse runoff of biogenic elements from the agro-developed catchments into the Kazanka River (left tributary of the Volga River) as the main risk factors for the development of anthropogenic eutrophication processes. Based on the results of long-term monitoring and the current background concentrations of total phosphorus, nitrogen and suspended solids in the recipient river, determined in the work, the impact of storm water discharge on surface waters within the Kazan City was assessed. The values of permissible loads of phosphorus and nitrogen mineral fertilizers on an agriculturally developed catchment are given for regulating the diffuse runoff of nutrients into a water body, depending on the hydrometeorological conditions of the territory, to a level that meets the basic environmental requirements for the quality of surface waters.
Development of the analytical potential of territoriel air monitoring measuring systems
Authors: Krupina N N , Kipriyanova E N , Smirnova V O , Vorobyova S V
Published: May 2021

Air monitoring makes it possible to zone the urban environment according to the degree of technogenic impact, using significant socio-ecological and economic indicators to optimize management decisions for a wide range of applied tasks of territorial strategic planning. Fuzzy expert assessment uses the representation of knowledge in the form of linguistic variables, so it is important to provide the developer of software tools with reliable characteristics of the subject area of monitoring. Based on the critical analysis of the known approaches to the ranking of the territory according to the criteria of environmental safety, a matrix method for zoning the territory of an industrial agglomeration is developed and discussed for the coordination of two indicators - «specific ecological and economic damage» and «the coefficient of localization of aerotechnogenic load from stationary sources of emissions». The indicators best reflect the complex pollution of the territory and the complex causal operational and natural links in the chain: «technology → gas purification system→ source of emissions → dispersion of substances in the surface layer of the atmosphere → formation of an active pollution zone → damage». Ignoring the role of the spatial factor reduces the diagnostic potential of existing predictive automated emission control systems. The author’s propositions are illustrated by the data on the air intensity of economic activity and the discussion of the prerequisites for the harmonization of Russian and international monitoring standards based on the principles of Directive 2004/3 5/CE11 of the European Parliament.
Analysis of the angles of contact in a two-roll module
Authors: Khalturayev F S , Musirov M U
Published: May 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of the angles of contact in a two-roll module. An asymmetric two-roll module is considered, in which the rolls are inclined to the right relative to the vertical line, they have unequal diameters and elastic coatings made of materials of different stiffness and friction coefficients; the material layer is fed down inclined relative to the centerline. Analytical expressions for the angles of contact are obtained, which are the main quantities that determine the boundary conditions for the problems of contact interaction in a two-roll module. It was stated that the sum of the contact angles does not depend on the inclination of the material layer feeding to the centerline and on the inclination of the upper roll relative to the vertical line.
Analysis of forced gripping of material in a two-roll module
Authors: Kurbanova F Z , Buriyev E S , Rasulev A
Published: May 2021

The process of gripping material with two driven rollers in an asymmetric two-roll module is analyzed in the article. Analytical expressions for the minimum and maximum pushing force to grip material with two driven rollers in an asymmetric two-roll module were determined. Analytical expressions were obtained for calculating the contact angles of the free and forced grip of material with two driven rollers, which are the basic quantities that determine the boundary conditions of the contact interaction problems. A condition for forced gripping in an asymmetric two-roll module was found. From this condition, the conditions for forced gripping of the process of symmetric rolling were obtained.
Intelligent control support for reconstruction of electrical circuits of stations and substations
Authors: Kovalenko I V , Tremyasov V A , Belov V G
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the application of expert systems and the theory of fuzzy sets for decision-making in the reconstruction of electrical connections of power plants and substations. Multicriteria optimization problems are characterized by the uncertainty of a part of the initial information with the boundaries of the range of values from the minimum to the maximum. This theory allows us to compare the options of scheme of power distribution power plants according to different criteria in the conditions of uncertain information, as well as in the conditions of conflicting rules and criteria. For fuzzy sets, the membership function becomes the only possible means of describing them.
Improvement of the method of geometric design of gear segments of a planetary rotary hydraulic machine
Authors: Yu Volkov G , Fadyushin D V
Published: May 2021

Until now, planetary rotary hydraulic machines with floating planetary gears were rarely produced and remained poorly studied. One of the main problems was the lack of a simple and affordable method for geometric design of non-circular gear rims of such machines. The article discusses an engineering method for profiling non-circular gear rims of volumetric planetary rotary hydraulic machines. The proposed method begins with the choice of the geometric parameters of the round-link planetary mechanism - the prototype of the designed hydraulic machine. Next, the number of waves of the sun gears and the form of the cyclic function characterizing the paths of the planetary gear center in the coordinates associated with the sun gear and the epicycle are selected. The preliminary calculation of the angle of rotation of the planetary gear and the polar coordinates of its center on the path relative to the given sun gear in the variety of the planetary gear positions is performed at the next stage. In this case, the positions of the planetary gear relative to the one of the sun gears correspond to its rolling along the calculated centroid of this gear at a constant angular velocity of the imaginary carrier. Next, the difference between the obtained angles of rotation of the planetary gear is calculated in the coordinates associated with the imaginary carrier. This difference is halved and distributed as a correction between the rotation angles of the planetary gear relative to the sun gear and the epicycle. In conclusion, the profile of the rim of each non-circular sun gear is obtained graphically as an envelope of the family of profile curves of the planetary gear in a variety of its positions. The proposed method provides an accurate solution to the problem and is available for the designers of any machine-building enterprise.
The human-cobot collaboration in mounting and assembly operations in instrument making
Authors: Shchenikov Ya A , Gromova O S , Smeshchuk E A
Published: May 2021

The issues of collaboration between humans and cobots during assembly operations in instrument making from the point of view of metrological support are considered. The possibility of using specialized cobots in instrument making is shown. A study is described, which purpose is to develop a system that recognizes the actions of a human operator in order to increase the efficiency of collaboration between a human and a cobot when performing standard mounting and assembly operations. The system is based on an accelerometer attached to the operator’s hand. The signals from the accelerometer for different operator movements are given. The principle of constructing a training sample for recognizing operator movements using an artificial neural network is shown.
Investigation of the effectiveness of the method of finishing the inner cylindrical surfaces of machine parts with a free abrasive using the effect of vibration cavitation
Authors: Averin N V , Posalina A E , Atamanov S A , Bondarenko A P , Ivanaiskiy A V
Published: May 2021

Finishing of high-precision machine parts is one of the most labor-intensive operations in the technological process. This process becomes especially difficult when it is necessary to ensure a high-quality surface in hard-to-reach places for parts made of materials with special physical and mechanical properties. In such cases, the solution to the problem may be the use of methods of processing with free abrasive particles. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that improving the efficiency of methods for processing parts with a free abrasive is the most important task for researchers in the field of mechanical engineering technology.

The authors of the article carried out a series of experiments on finishing the inner cylindrical surfaces of machine parts of the “sleeve” type with a free abrasive using the effect of vibration cavitation. The study is of an applied nature - according to the design documentation for the product, it is necessary to achieve a roughness in the inner surface of Ra 0.80.
Classification of indicators of reliability of systems in heavy engineering
Authors: Golikov V A
Published: May 2021

A feature of this work is the study of the design reliability assessment based on analytical data, with further classification of its indicators. Like any other properties of technical devices, reliability is assessed by a certain set of indicators. The paper provides an overview of domestic and foreign sources on this topic. The main tasks associated directly or indirectly with the problem of reliability are identified, the solution of which is necessary to create designs of technical devices with an optimal level of reliability indicators. It was also found that the reliability indicators, depending on the specific conditions of their use, can be classified according to various criteria. The results of the work show the most significant factors of reliability, which can be quantitatively determined directly using the method of expert assessments.
Models of fuzzy logic in the processes of verification of the required level of automation of technological processes research and production complexes
Authors: Nazarevich S A , Vinnichenko A V
Published: May 2021

Improving the methodological apparatus for monitoring and analyzing the potential of technological processes of industrial enterprises, based on the identification of the level of maturity of processes, is the primary task of achieving a competitive state. The article describes ways to verify the processes of the main activities of the organization, using fuzzy logic models and criteria for achieving the required level of automation.
Management of processes of space debris capture and processing into fuel
Authors: Barkova M E , Kuznetsova V O , Zhukov A O , Kartsan I N
Published: May 2021

The processes of space debris capture and processing into fuel are considered. The mentioned processes have a number of limitations on the choice of materials to be recycled (space debris) and on the creation of spacecraft for space debris utilization (hereinafter - space debris collector). Management of space debris capture and utilization processes is inseparably connected with pseudo-liquid fuel, received by the collector from space debris. Pseudo-liquid fuel is finely dispersed garbage in the environment of hydrogen (fuel) and oxygen (oxidizer). To control the processes of space debris capture and utilization into fuel it is necessary to determine the choice of materials of the spacecraft capture device and manufacturing of internal systems. Efficiency of space debris capturing and utilization into fuel management will be provided by fulfilling a number of fundamental requirements in addition to those of the work: orbital altitude of space debris collector is conditioned by space debris location in space (orbit altitude, inclination); space debris is captured only from certain materials and alloys (metallized space debris); space debris is captured by the network at the intersection of the target orbit at small angles; material and structure of the tether is selected based on maximum tension and absence of breaks.
Control of the formation of structural properties of hypereutectic aluminum alloys during injection molding with crystallization
Authors: Denisov M S
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of the research aimed at developing an automated control system for the process of forming the properties of metal products under the conditions of pressure application on the crystallizing metal. The results of the work are related to the automated control system for technological processes (ACS TP) and can be used in the manufacture of internal combustion engine pistons from alloys based on aluminum with a high silicon content. The object of control is molten metal, the technological equipment is a hydraulic horizontal press for casting with crystallization under pressure. The paper shows the possibility of controlling the formation of the properties of the final product. The results of the work are confirmed by the example of studies of the microstructures of the obtained samples. The method for applying pressure to a crystallizing metal and the way to control this method are proposed.