bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOCQUEVILLE’S THEOLOGICO-POLITICAL PREDICAMENT: LEO STRAUSS, RELIGION AND DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA
Authors: Douglas Albert Craig
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes Tocqueville’s Democracy in America in a new light. When viewed through Leo Strauss’ conception of the theologico-political problem, a novel reading of Tocqueville is presented. This interpretation argues that one of Democracy’s major themes concerns reason versus revelation. Within such a reading, it contends that Tocqueville’s seminal contribution to the history of political philosophy contained within it his reluctant announcement that religion may not be able to cure the social ills liberal democracy brings with it. Mainly, this is because Tocqueville fears democracy will contribute to the decline of religion itself. Tocqueville subtlety reveals his concerns over religion’s possible inadequacy, offers explanations thereof, and postulates another concept as a mitigating tool that has similar moderating effects on democratic defects: self-interest well understood.
SPIRITUAL BYPASS AND ENTANGLEMENT IN YOGALAND (योगस्तान): HOW NEOLIBERALISM, SOFT HINDUTVA AND BANAL NATIONALISM FACILITATE YOGA FUNDAMENTALISM
Authors: McCartney Patrick
Published: November 2021

Global yoga has become exceptionally popular. The emic description of this global yoga network is often called Yogaland. This paper maps out some of the key topographical features of this metaphysical, social imaginary –scape, and situates the physical body of the global yoga practitioner within a complex entanglement of intersecting social, political, economic and theological ‘worlds’. This paper first explores how the concept of spiritual bypass effects a particular averted gaze towards problematic issues within Yogaland. This leads to the second part of the paper that discusses the fundamental nature of entanglement, which often involves being entangled in worlds the individual would not want, mean to be, or perhaps even be aware, exist. Therefore, this paper identifies ways in which global yoga participants are socialised through their neo-liberal subjectivities to unwittingly support, in an often banal way, a Hindu supremacist ideology; which, in turn, can lead to a type of ‘yoga fundamentalism’.
THE SECULARIZATION AND DESECULARIZATION NEXUS IN THE TURKISH CONTEXT: WHAT IS BEHIND?
Authors: Shlykov Pavel
Published: November 2021

The history of Turkey provides multiple examples of intricate combination of secularization (in the Turkish tradition – laicism) and desecularizaion (understood as a revival of Islam and its expansion into social life) while its contemporary dynamics provides a background for a non-conventional view on the correlation between the state and religion in the Muslim societies. The desecularization of Turkey has been a continuous process since the late 1940s, making it increasingly convenient for Islamists to become more visible in the political and the socioeconomic spheres. This paper analyzes the inclusion and accommodation of the “Turkish Islamism” into the sociopolitical life of Turkey focusing on such important phenomena as the constantly expanding religious sphere, the emergence of economic liberal conservatism, the rising resurgence of Islamism in education and media sphere together with the “jemaatization” of the Turkish society. The manifold manifestations of descularization in social, political and economic life, its profound impact on the Turkish party system, banking sector, education and mass media indicates the dialectic nature of secularization and desecularization nexus and reveals the flexibility of the border between religious and political spheres.
The Permanence of Place: Places and Their Names in Irish Literature
Authors: Stalmaszczyk Piotr
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the relation between places and their names as reflected in Irish literature. According to Robbie Hannan (1991: 19) attachment to place is among the strongest human emotions, explicitly revealed in literature. Celtic literature is ‘saturated’ with images of landscape and preoccupied with places and their names, landscape is constantly present in ancient sagas and bardic poetry, modern drama, short stories, novels and essays. The sense of place is explicitly manifest in medieval heroic tales (such as The Táin), and twentieth century novels (e.g. James Joyce’s Ulysses) and poetry, or contemporary drama (e.g. Brian Friel’s Translations). Patrick Sheeran (1988: 194) has observed that the idea of the Irish sense of place is: (a) a product of the native tradition; (b) it is a verbal or nominal preoccupation and has little to do with any actual cultivation of things; (c) it relates to death rather than to life. The principal aim of this paper is to further add to the above characteristics.
Anglo-Norman Borrowings in Irish
Authors: Karkishchenko Olga
Published: November 2021

In the present paper an attempt is made to analyze and classify French lexis borrowed into Irish during the Middle Ages. The French language flourished in Ireland in the XII c., giving way to English in everyday communication in the XIII c., but still used on a formal level till the XV c. The strong influence of Anglo-Norman dialect of French in this period caused an active borrowing of French vocabulary into Irish. Most of the borrowings, however, have analogous correspondences in Middle English, this fact obscuring their origin: it is not clear whether they have been borrowed directly from Anglo-Norman or brought into Irish by means of English. Here phonetic form of the word can be of help in defining the source language, as a number of distinctive features can be found in both types of borrowed words. Such cases are illustrated in the paper and the importance of phonetic analysis for their chronological classification and dating is also emphasized.

Semantics of the borrowed vocabulary is also discussed here showing what spheres of life in society underwent the most considerable influence of the invaders. Words mostly belong to specialized language and serve to name the ideas and objects not typical or new to Irish society before the Norman Conquest. A number of significant and relatively homogeneous semantic groups of borrowings are singled out and illustrated; distinct parallels with English are also traced here. It is shown that unlike the English language, Irish did not allow the borrowed words to become a center of already existing semantic groups, they always remained at the periphery and are now perceived as stylistically marked. Nevertheless, the borrowed French vocabulary was assimilated by the Irish language and the instances of still existing borrowings have become a natural part of the modern lexis. The question of a trustworthy dating is also raised here. The required information is drawn from documents created during two centuries after the Conquest, but it is phonetic analysis, which often proves most reliable, especially if the date of the earliest written fixation of the word can hardly be ascertained. The first written instances of borrowings can be found in the late XIII c., but documents of the conquest period are rare as a whole. However, in certain cases the dating is possible, and here a rough two-period classification of these instances is introduced and grounded.
Phonological Function of Noise in Irish and Ukranian Turbulent Sounds
Authors: Bloch-Rozmej Anna
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is the examination of the property of turbulence in Irish and Ukrainian. We shall regard this question from the perspective of Government Phonology (Kaye, Lowenstamm and Vergnaud, 1985, 1990, Harris, 1994, Cyran 2003, Gussmann 2002) which is a non-linear approach employing the autosegmental mode of the representation of melodies. The elements are awarded considerable autonomy that is guaranteed by their representational arrangement and which determines their response to phonological processes. Melodic expressions are defined by means of elements whose manifestation depends on their being autosegmentally licensed by the relevant skeletal positions. The element on which the focus of our attention will be placed is that of noise. Noise defines the property of ‘aperiodic energy’ while its articulatory pattern is that of ‘narrowed stricture producing turbulent airflow’. Thus, noise resides in obstruent segments. In our discussion of the Irish and Ukrainian evidence, the function of this prime in the representation of turbulent sounds will be considered with a view to discovering types of relations it participates in and possible licensing constraints it is submitted to in the systems of the two languages.
Selected Aspects of the Semantics and Syntax of De-verbal Nominalizations in English, Polish and Irish
Authors: Bloch-Trojnar Maria
Published: November 2021

Bearing in mind the formal and functional complexity of the category of verbal nouns in Irish (henceforth VNs), it is not surprising that it continues to be the subject of intensive research. Much has been written on the syntax of VNs proper, i.e. verbal nouns employed in participle and infinitive constructions, and linguists are so absorbed in the debate about whether to regard them as nouns or verbs (e.g. McCloskey (1983) and Duffield (1995) are representatives of the two opposing views), that the area of de-verbal nominalizations has been neglected. This paper is meant as a modest attempt to amend this situation and present some aspects of their syntax, semantics and formal derivation. In the course of our discussion we will raise the following issues. First, we will concentrate on their argument taking properties. We will try to find out whether the binary distinction process vs. result nominals (which is considered in all studies of nominalizations) can be found in nominals derived from transitive and intransitive verbs alike. Most studies of nominalizations (Rozwadowska (1997) being a notable exception) disregard or openly exclude intransitives from the scope of their interest. Secondly, we will also consider two alternative views on the process of nominalization i.e. whether to treat result nominals as products of semantic drift (as does e.g. Malicka-Kleparska (1988)) or as products of a separate derivational process producing countable nominalizations (cf. a similar analysis proposed for English in Bloch-Trojnar (2007)). The syntactic and semantic properties of nominalizations in Irish will be compared to their Polish and English opposite numbers. Finally, we will also consider their morphophonological exponents and argue that the model of LMBM developed by Beard (1995), which separates the formal and syntactico-semantic facets of derivation, is best equipped to account for the data in question.
Cú Roí and Svyatogor: A Study in Chthonic
Authors: Bondarenko Grigory
Published: November 2021

Both Early Irish and Russian mythological traditions demonstrate a particular example of an extraordinary character showing supernatural features as well as the features of a chthonic monster: it is Cú Roí mac Daire on the Irish side, and Svyatogor on the Russian side. We have to be careful before arguing that these two mythological characters reflect one particular archetype of a monstrous chthonic creature (cf. views expressed by Henderson (1899) in Ireland and Putilov (1986) in Russia); on the contrary, one has to consider both heroes as complex and independent entities who appear in the two quite distinct mythologies (Early Irish and Russian). This is especially true in relation to the Russian tradition of bylinas which have been preserved orally until the first published editions of the nineteenth century. An authentic term for bylina among Russian performers was starina (‘ancient story, history’, an exact equivalent of OI senchas). Both the Early Irish and Russian mythological traditions as they have survived in the textual forms (notwithstanding the differences of their background) bear clear traces of a Christian world-view which makes it even more difficult to establish certain pre-Christian religious or ritualistic patterns allegedly connected with the characters discussed. Nevertheless, archetypal typological similarities between these two heroes make them look like distorted reflections of an ancient chthonic creature/titan, well known in the basic myth. For example, the Indian myth of the heroic god (deva) Indra who fights the arch-titan (asura) (Namuci or Vṛtrá) was one of the sources for Coomaraswamy’s interpretation of ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, a mediaeval romance based on ‘beheading game’ reflected in the early Irish tale Fled Bricrenn (Coomaraswamy 1944: 105-106). The aim of the present paper is to trace these typological similarities which sometimes will lead us to different characters and plots both in Early Irish and in Russian material.
Italo-Celtic Correspondences in Verb Formation
Authors: Ivšić Dubravka
Published: November 2021

The question of possible Italo-Celtic unity has been amply discussed so far. The notion of a special Italo-Celtic subgroup was broadly accepted until mid 20th century. It flourished under the patronage of A. Meillet, and C. Watkins contributed to the fact that many linguists today consider it implausible. Given that there is a general disagreement in relation to a possible Italo-Celtic unity, a new approach to the problem is put forward. One may presume that the alleged Italo-Celtic unity may have left some evidence in verb formation. We employed the data of the Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben to find verbal forms which are shared by both Italic and Celtic, and no other languages. There are thirteen such forms and they are considered to be exclusive morphological isoglosses. The number of exclusive Italo-Celtic isoglosses does not provide any evidence for a specific Italo-Celtic similarity, since Italic and Greek, as well as Celtic and Indo-Iranian languages, share more exclusive isoglosses of this kind than Italic and Celtic. Each pair of Italo-Celtic verbal correspondences was given careful attention. It was demonstrated that these verbal correspondences do not indicate Italo-Celtic innovations, but rather shared retentions or incidental convergences.
Women of Power Compared in the Celtic and Slavic Traditions
Authors: Miller Dean
Published: November 2021

This will be a brief and tentative effort at comparison that may begin with thematic resemblances, but will attempt to move past these parallels to find deeper ideological (in the Dumézilian sense) roots. That is, I will try to find and found my comparands in an Indo-European patterning matrix or common ancestry, despite the obvious geographical or spatial separation (at least at the present time) of the two cultural-linguistic traditions we have in primary view. To take up “women of power” in the Celtic and the Slavic contexts also confronts a pseudo-historical cliché with some historically factual backing: that is, the essentially “patriarchal” conformation (or essential character) of the I-E socio-political order, where male rulers and warriors are said to dominate, worshiping, aided by or associated with potent (male) deities. This view is, I think, much too simplistic or at least un-nuanced.
Irish Banshee and Russian Rusalka: The Comb Motif — Its Meaning and Genesis
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana
Published: November 2021

Banshee represents a specific figure of Irish folklore: it is a female spirit whose cry foretells death of a family relative or a neighbour. One may take it for granted that Banshee (Mod. Irish Bean Sí) represents a specific Irish folklore character and has no parallels in other narrative traditions. But if we look at the image of Banshee on the whole, we will find some features that could associate her with Russian Rusalkas as well as with other female characters of the European folklore tradition. The motif of combing the hair is encountered in beliefs and memorates concerning Banshee. The Slavonic Rusalkas also enjoy spending time combing their long hair with a comb (in every instance, it is made of a different kind of material). It can be golden, silver, wooden, made of horn, of fish skeleton and the fabulates point out its magic power. The motif of combing the hair by a supernatural female creature must be divided into two separate concepts. The first is the long hair of a female supernatural creature connected with danger. The second is the taboo of taking the magic comb as a dangerous object.
Colours of Glory, Colours of Trickery: Hero and His Opposite in Irish and Serbo-Croat Narratives
Authors: Miller Dean
Published: November 2021

After a brief glance at the general, theoretical view of ‘symbolic color,’ this paper will move from some particular aspects of the Indo-European symbolic palette (e.g., Jan de Vries’ early work) to more recent explorations of the subject by Joël Grisward, Nick Allen and Emily Lyle. The main focus here will be on the “brilliant” hero as displayed in the Serbo-Croat heroic songs (in particular, the guslar Avdo Međedović’s Smailagić Meho) and in the figures of Cú Chulainn and others (e.g., Fer Diad) in the Táin. Color used for effect, and as showing or projecting affect, color used merely as a decorative addition, poetic (or formulaic) uses of color are also appropriate subjects here. The second theme will be the Trickster’s coloration, as exemplified by Tale Budalin (or Tale the Fool) in the Serbo-Croat materials, and Iliach mac Cass in the Táin (with a side-look at the Irish Dagda and some Norse evidence). Non-color (drabness, dappling, and motley), the symbolic significance of the ‘color’ gray as intermediate, disguising, sinister, supernatural, and otherwise ‘anti-heroic’ (especially as a marker of age) all are worth our attention – perhaps we can construct or recover a ‘drama of opposition,’ in living color. Some final remarks will concentrate on the symbolic spectrum, of colors and their meanings, used in these two “heroic” Indo-European contexts.
Welcoming Remarks
Authors: Mac Mathúna Séamus
Published: November 2021

Welcoming remarks for the 2nd International Colloquium of the Societas Celto-Slavica, on the topic “Celtic Studies and Celto-Slavica: Present State and Future Prospects”
Five Fifths of Ireland: New Approach
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana
Published: November 2021

The problem of the so-called ‘five fifths of Ireland’ remains unresolved up to now, in spite of numerous attempts to find a solution to this linguistic and geographical contradiction. In Modern Irish, traditional provinces of Ireland are called cúige (‘a fifth’), but there are only four (Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht) of them. The same names of the four provinces were known in the Early Irish literature (cóiced Ulad etc). The Irish literati envisaged that contradiction and made some attempts to resolve it in early mythological and pseudo-historical sources (in sagas and poetry). According to their pseudo-historical theory, the province of Munster was further divided into ‘the fifth of Cú Roí’ and ‘the fifth of Eochu mac Luchta’. At the same time, the compiler of the saga ‘The Settling of the Manor of Tara’ proposes a theory of the sacred centre (Tara, the seat of kingship, and/or the hill Uisnech, the centre of druidism) of Ireland and of the four subject provinces or zones – North, South, East and West. The idea of of the dominant Goidelic race led T.F. O’Rahilly to propose the existence of the Midland kingdom. Rees Brothers added to this theory a veil of universal cosmology.

We would like to propose another solution to this problem. It is not based upon the traditional cosmological or geographical principle of division of a country, but on another one, which can also be presented as the ‘traditional’ principle as far as the geography of the Ancient World is concerned. In reality, it may well be that Ireland was divided into five parts, but this so-called ‘native’ division of the island persisted for a short time only. The idea of the ‘five fifths’ preserved in Irish mythology and pseudo-history was supported by the symbolic role of the number ‘five’ in Irish tradition. Thus, the ‘power of word’ or a word-hypnosis influenced historical and native geographical tradition.
Autochthons and Otherworlds in Celtic and Slavic
Authors: Bondarenko Grigory
Published: November 2021

The quite ‘historical’ question of when the lower Otherworld in Ireland was first separated from the upper world is dealt with in a number of early Irish tales. The problem of áes síde and their antagonism with humans is posed in order to determine the conflict in the tales. The paper focuses on an opening fragment from an Ulster cycle tale ‘The drunkenness of the Ulaid’ (Mesca Ulad). The special allocation of the Otherworld is associated in the text (as well as in other narratives to be discussed) with the coming of the sons of Míl and the beginning of Goidelic Ireland. The very notion of separation between the world of humans and the Otherworld is closely related to the beginning of history as such. When the history begins the sacred (belonging to gods) has to be separated from profane (belonging to mortals). Since this separation is performed the binary opposition between the lower Otherworld and the upper world of humans becomes a distinctive feature of the early Irish mythological narrative. Typologically similar phenomenon is observed in the northern Russian “synthetic history” and folklore dealing with the hidden supernatural autochthons (чудь белоглазая). Both Celtic and Slavic examples seem to reflect a transition stage when cosmological elements are superimposed on the emerging historical consciousness.
On the Origins of Old Germanic Runic Alphabet and Early Irish Ogham
Authors: Pimenova Natalia
Published: November 2021

Both the Celtic Ogham and the Germanic Futhark have unique sequences for which no interpretation has yet been found. The composition of the Ogham and the Futhark is mostly explained by complicated phonological or mathematical rearrangements (the Atbasch system). This overlooks the fact that the order of characters is the most consistent component in borrowed alphabets.

According to the author's hypothesis, the order of the Germanic runes may represent the result of a longer evolution. The paper shows how the influence of different southern European alphabets could result in the character combinations at the beginning and end of the futhark. The unusual placement of the characters for b, d, g may be due to the fact that the original borrowed series had no characters for voiced stops. This indicates an Etruscan alphabet, or an alphabet borrowed from Etruscan. When characters for b, d, g were added later, the typological laws of alphabet adaptation came into effect: new characters were placed either at the end of the row or next to characters with similar phonetic values, with the phonetic value being determined by the point of articulation. The initial combination f u þ a r may have come about through a conversion or a reinterpretation of similar characters when different written traditions came into contact. In contrast to earlier hypotheses (G. Hempl, H. Arntz, O. Haas), possible individual steps of this modification are analyzed. The order existing before the conversion could correspond to the order of the classical alphabets, a (b g) d e v z h. Through the transposition of similar v (phonetic value [f]) and a (probably in contact zones where the writing of f and a became conflated), there arose the result f (b g) d e a z h. In this sequence the letter d had the phonetic value [θ]; through a latinization of the sequence, z received the phonetic value [r]. The character e, which looked almost like a in the archaic writing, was moved out of the group f þ e a r h. The addition of the w-rune could only be made after the transposition of f–a.

A parallel to the Futhark can be seen in the Irish Ogham. It is noteworthy that signs for consonants formed by the same number of strokes in the Ogham also stand side by side in the Futhark:

Ogom /v t ŋ/ - u Futhark f u þ a (r k) g
/n q r/ - i r k (g w h) n i j
/s c z/ - e (p ʀ) s t
/b h m/ - a b (e) m
/l d g/ - o l d ŋ o

The similarities in character combinations may attest to borrowing from a common source or from related sources and to similar modifications of the borrowed series. The different number of characters in the Ogham and the Futhark as well as the deviations in the phonetic value and in the order of some characters can be explained by the different phonemes of the ancient Celtic and ancient Germanic dialects.
110-Modern Welsh Basic Vocabulary Word List
Authors: Parina Elena
Published: November 2021

The importance of the 100-word lists in genetic language studies is widely accepted. Despite the seeming simplicity of the items it includes it is gathered and used by comparative linguists in many different ways. The recent work by Petra Novotná and Václav Blažek on the Celtic glottochronology represents one of the possibilities. The aim of this paper was to gather a reliable 100-word list of the Modern Welsh as spoken nowadays by its native speakers, which, as we believe, is of importance for studies in Welsh historical semantics. The material was gathered according to methods discussed in the Nostratic seminar of the Centre of Comparative Language studies of the Russian State University for Humanities in spring 2006, i.e. by using special contexts and not only word by word translations. We had respondents from both northern and southern dialects of Welsh. The data was then verified according to the main contemporary Welsh dictionaries and other sources. The resulting 110-word list is represented in the table on pages 140–143.
Some Celto-Slavic Etymologies
Authors: Matasović Ranko
Published: November 2021

This paper is based on the research which led to the publication of my “Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic” (EDPC). Its aim is to examine the exclusive Celto-Slavic lexical isoglosses, and to propose a few new etymologies, in which the Celtic-Slavic correspondences play an important role.
On Copular Sentences in Irish and Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna
Published: November 2021

The paper aims at comparing syntactic properties of various types of copular sentences found in Irish and in Polish. The two languages are particularly fitted for comparison because, unlike a number of natural languages, they possess two ways of expressing a predication relation. In the case of Irish this relation is expressed by two verbal elements tá and is, while in Polish, in addition to a regular verbal structure with być ‘be’, there occurs a pronominal construction with the invariable element to ‘this’ (cf. the Russian ėto). First, the inflectional forms of the predicative verbal elements are examined. Then, a detailed overview of the contexts in which each copular structure can be used is undertaken. It is noted that in both languages the structures with tá and być can appear with AP, PP, AdvP predicates. However, tá is different from być in that it can also take VP complements. A further difference relates to the fact that while nominal complements in Irish can only follow the copula is, they are perfectly licit in both types of Polish copular structures, nonetheless, yielding a distinct case marking on the predicate. It is worth mentioning that the use of to in Polish is more limited than that of is in Irish; only the latter can co-occur with adjectival and prepositional predicates, while the former can link only identical categories, i.e. either two nominals or two infinitives. Moreover, Polish exhibits an interesting copular structure in which both być and to co-occur, e.g.: Marek to jest mój przyjaciel. ‘lit. Mark this is my friend.’ In the final part of the paper an attempt is made to offer an analysis of the structural positions of both Irish tá and is and Polish być and to, taking into account their linking possibilities, interpretational differences they give rise to and the order of the predicates. It is argued that while two Irish verbs to be can be classed together, an analogous treatment for Polish copular elements cannot be maintained.
The Origin of Cú Chulainn’s Name
Authors: Ivanov Vyacheslav
Published: November 2021

The internal form of the name of a mythological or epic hero can often be explained by the situation (or set of situations) with which this hero is primarily associated. In such cases, this name can be considered as a minimal text, which is a translation of the corresponding situation. This situation can be completely (or almost completely) reconstructed by analyzing the larger mythological and epic texts in which the corresponding name is used (the latter can be considered as a minimal text included in the larger texts related to the same situation). If in a related linguistic and mythological tradition a name is preserved that coincides in internal form with the name under study, then for this second tradition it is possible to reconstruct the corresponding situation, although in this second tradition it is reflected only in the name, a minimal text, but not in more extensive texts. Therefore, the comparison of names — minimal texts — and more extensive tests involving these names turns out to be a means for comparing and reconstructing the situations associated with them. Such conclusions, in particular, can be drawn by comparing the name Cú Chulainn and the Irish legends associated with it, on the one hand, and the corresponding elements of other Indo-European linguistic and mythological systems, on the other.
Building with the Community: Developing digital tools for engaging with the arts in Saskatchewan
Authors: Bath Jon , Peterson Michael
Published: November 2021

In May of 2019, a team led by the University of Saskatchewan Kenderdine Art Gallery received a Canada Council for the Arts Digital Strategy Fund grant to develop a digital service with Saskatchewan arts organizations to allow them to engage with and give voice to their audiences and other art creators. However, the exact deliverable was intentionally vague; rather than presupposing what this diverse group (from internationally recognized art galleries to community puppet theatres) needs, the grant was built around first engaging with both these organizations and their current and potential audiences in order to gain an understanding of their varied needs. Only once this assessment was done would the actual development begin. In this paper we will introduce the project, and the funding program that supported it, and describe the process of community consultation for both the development of the grant application and the needs assessment. We will introduce the findings from the first phase of the Shared Spaces project and the resulting first prototypes for arts engagement, which use augmented reality, that have gone back out to the communities for further consultation and refinement.
Van gedwongen ontslag naar het delen van de pijn
Authors: de Beer Paul
Published: November 2021

Van gedwongen ontslag naar het delen van de pijn

Gedwongen ontslag is voor zowel de werkgever als de ontslagen werknemer kostbaar. Daarom zouden gedwongen ontslagen beter kunnen worden vervangen door flexibele aanpassing van de lonen en gewerkte uren. De overheid zou dit moeten ondersteunen door een loonsverlaging grotendeels te compenseren via een structurele NOW-regeling.
COMPETENCE OF LABORATORY FOR TESTING OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS IN MILITARY INSTITUTE OF ARMAMENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kozłowski Grzeegorz
Published: November 2021

The paper presents competences of the Military Institute of Armament Technology Laboratory for Testing Optoelectronic Systems used to acquisition and handling the optoelectronic systems. The selection of optoelec-tronic equipment and its performance used by the Polish Armed Forces is specified. Technological competences including the testing equipment used to verify and evaluate the characteristics of nightvision and thermovision systems are presented, as well.
Decisão compartilhada na atenção primária e desfechos em saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Glebocki Gabriel , Gonçalves Corneau Felipe
Published: November 2021

O processo de decisão compartilhada pode ser definido a partir dos seguintes elementos: 1. há, no mínimo, duas pessoas envolvidas no processo de decisão, o médico e o paciente; 2. médico e paciente compartilham informações; 3. ambos contribuem para o processo decisório expondo suas preferências; 4. chega-se a uma decisão sobre a qual todos os envolvidos concordam. Seu emprego se justifica principalmente pelo aspecto ético de incluir o paciente nas decisões cujas consequências ele sofrerá. Todavia, muito se questiona sobre a relação desta prática com os desfechos em saúde. Objetivos: Esse estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a relação entre a prática da decisão compartilhada e desfechos em saúde em cenários de atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura e foram incluídos artigos que tivessem medidas empíricas de decisão compartilhada durante o encontro clínico, cujo cenário fosse a atenção primária à saúde e que apresentasse avaliação de, pelo menos, um desfecho em saúde. Resultados: Inclui-se dez artigos no estudo, e os temas abordados são depressão (4 artigos), hipertensão (2), diabetes (1), risco cardiovascular (1), rastreio de câncer colorretal (1) e infertilidade (1). Metade dos estudos sobre depressão encontraram associação positiva entre a decisão compartilhada e a melhora dos sintomas depressivos. Dos estudos sobre hipertensão, não se encontrou associações estatisticamente significativas. Do estudo sobre diabetes, não se constatou correlação positiva entre decisão compartilhada e redução da hemoglobina glicada e do LDL. Compartilhar a decisão ao discutir risco cardiovascular não piorou o escore deste indicador 6 meses após a consulta. Com relação ao rastreio de câncer colorretal, discutir riscos e benefícios e avaliar as preferências dos pacientes se associou negativamente à realização dos testes de rastreio. Por fim, decisão compartilhada se associou a melhor experiência de cuidado para pessoas em acompanhamento para infertilidade na atenção primária. Dois estudos cronometraram consultas e não se observou diferenças de tempo entre aqueles que usaram e os que não usaram a decisão compartilhada. Quatro estudos não definiram conceitualmente a decisão compartilhada e quatro estudos não utilizaram ferramentas validadas para medi-la. Conclusão: Com relação aos desfechos avaliados, os artigos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam resultados ambíguos, com aparente tendência de correlação positiva entre decisão compartilhada e desfechos. Todavia, a falta de uniformidade com relação à definição conceitual de decisão compartilhada parece ser potencial barreira para pesquisas de maior qualidade na área.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ORGANIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ATENÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA NA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA
Authors: Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria , Santos Tacyemy da Silva dos
Published: November 2021

Historical and Cultural Theory states that the higher psychic functions, which includes attention, are developed by the appropriation of culture and, consequently, school education has an important role in the process. The statement, however, is insufficient so that teachers develop children´s attention in classroom activities. We would like to ask: Are there productions within academic literature that may subsidize teachers´ work in the execution of a type of teaching that boosts the development of attention? Research has been undertaken in the Catalogue of Dissertations and Theses of the Coordination for the Upgrading of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTG), the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and CAPES´s portal of journals, to investigate the contents of publications on voluntary attention based on the presuppositions of the Historical and Cultural Theory. Current paper forwards an analysis of studies in school education specifically focused on voluntary attention. Results show that the number of researches that employ methodologies which analyze ways which are favorable for the development of voluntary attention within the school context is small. In the wake of the great need of pedagogical methods for lack of attention, investigations that produce knowledge on teaching organization with such capacity should be broadened and intensified.
Gestaltungsfreiheit im ungarischen GmbH-Recht
Authors: Dziuba Leszek
Published: November 2021

Contractual freedom in company law determines the extent to which shareholders can regulate the internal relationships in their company in accordance with their own needs. The Hungarian approach to company law of 2013 promises innovative and practical formulations of the articles of association, especially for limited liability companies. However, the fundamental content and concrete scope of self-regulatory authority raises a multitude of open questions. With the help of legal history, legal doctrine and individual case studies, the author of this book attempts to create legal clarity and to provide practice with legally secure reference points. The work is aimed at both academics and practitioners.
Der wesentliche Teil des Binnenmarkts und die Zuständigkeitsallokation nach der FKVO
Authors: Roßmann Laura
Published: November 2021

Pursuant to Sec. 2 subsec. 3, Sec. 9 subsec. 2, 3 of the European Merger Regulation, a merger within the meaning of Sec. 1 subsec. 2, 3 of the European Merger Regulation can only be prohibited or referred, respectively, if a “substantial part of the internal market” is affected.

However, it is unclear under which conditions a substantial part of the internal market is affected and how to proceed with mergers that do not affect such a substantial part.

Taking this as a starting point, the analysis defines the term “substantial part of the internal market”. In addition, the study develops a mandatory and ex-officio referral to the EU Member States, which ensures examination and prohibition of mergers pursuant to Sec. 1 II, III European Merger Regulation, which do not affect a substantial part of the internal market.
Auf dem Rücken der Vergangenheit
Authors: Syndikus Sebastian
Published: November 2021

This comparison of German and American conservatism—in terms of the history of ideas—analyses the divergent developments of the Conservative Movement in the United States and right-wing conservatives in the Federal Republic. Through a parallel reading of the magazines National Review and Criticón, the study examines these countries’ respective forms of conservatism with regard to political positions, leading representatives and structural composition. The result of this work is the enumeration of a series of premises necessary to democratise an originally anti-democratic political philosophy.
Supported Decision-making: The CRPD, Non-Discrimination, and Strategies for Recognizing Persons’ Choices About their Good
Authors: Francis Leslie ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

People with cognitive impairments often have difficulties formulating, understanding, or articulating decisions that others judge reasonable. The frequent response shifts decision-making authority to substitutes through advance directives of the person or guardianship orders from a court. The Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities defends supported decision-making as an alternative to such forms of supplanted decision-making. But supported decision-making raises both metaphysical questions—what is required for a decision to be the person’s own?—and epistemological questions: how do we know what persons judge to be their good, when they have difficulty conceptualizing and articulating? It raises practical questions, too, such as protection against risks of exploitation. This article uses a non-discrimination account of legal personhood drawn from the CRPD to explore how common features of decisions employed by people without cognitive disabilities are important in supported decision-making too. These features include prostheses, guardrails, relationships, and social contexts.
Otherness With(Out) Boundaries: Implications of Self-Versus-Other in the Search for Common Ground on the Human
Authors: Akesseh Ebenezer ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

Epistemic questions about what constitutes the “human” are intrinsically tied to discussions of “identity” and the dynamic tensions between universal and relative constructions of the “self” versus the “other.” In this paper, putting the writings of Pope Francis on migration in conversation with Paul Ricoeur’s concept of solicitude, which takes into account the “suffering other,” and “nameless” or “anonymous” faces, and Kristin Heyer’s discussion of civic kinship with its emphasis on embracing human difference, I examine the relations between “identity,” “self” and “otherness,” and assess their implications for discussions of solidarity.
Por Uma Leitura Corsária de os “Pobres” de Georg Simmel
Authors: Marques Rafael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

In this text we propose an allegoric reading of Georg Simmel’s text “The Poor”, concentrating our analysis in the interactional, dialogical and reciprocal dimensions that constitute the poor as a social category and impose certain character traits and social roles to them. Signaling the continuities between alms giving and the modern Welfare State, we propose a cynical look at the social processes that defined the poor as a non-existence or as a pretext for a moral enrichment of the givers and helpers. We mark a long process that started with the definition of poverty as pathology and culminated in the buildup of an identity of the poor according to statistical categories and rational classificatory systems. The poor is characterized as a combinatorial type, receiving its meaning from the association with other concepts and as an absence of a value in itself.
Georg Simmel: As Cidades, a Ruína e as Novíssimas Metrópoles
Authors: Fortuna Carlos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

The scholarly strength of Simmel as a “classical” of sociology and modern urban thinking revolves around the heuristic value that his reading grants to our ability to inquiry. The article in which we reflect on two powerful simmelian allegories - the Großtädte and the ruin - does not question Simmel. Instead, under the guidance of the German intellectual, we question the current metropolitan reality and the way how modernity and ruin mix together and share the eternal present of urbanity.
Afinidades Electivas Entre Georg Simmel e Natália Correia. Para o Estudo da Recepção de Simmel em Portugal
Authors: Garcia José Luís ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

A primeira obra de Georg Simmel, traduzida para português e publicada em Portugal, ocorreu apenas em 1969, sob a chancela de uma pequena editora, a Galeria Panorama. O livro é constituido por quatro ensaios de Simmel: “Cultura Feminina”, título que nomeia o livro, “Filosofia do Coquetismo”, “Filosofia da Moda” e “O Masculino e o Feminino”. Conta ainda com um Prefácio de Romeu de Melo e uma Introdução da destacada poeta e intelectual Natália Correia. O artigo centra-se na edição deste volume e incide em especial na recepção realizada por Natália Correia, que advogou uma forma peculiar de feminismo, ao pensamento de Simmel sobre a feminidade.
A Ética dos Deveres Prima Facie, de David Ross, será uma Forma Credível de Deontologia?
Authors: Rebelo Miguel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

W.D. Ross’s contribution to normative ethics is a remarkable attempt to bring together ethics, understood as a philosophical discipline, and the pre-philosophical intuitions which guide the daily decision processes of the average moral agent. Ross achieves this result by assuming intuitionist epistemic foundations as the building blocks of his prima facie duties deontology. Even though such a consideration for the most common ethical intuitions may seem an advantage as a starting point for ethical theory, I attempt to demonstrate in this paper that the main flaws of Ross’s deontology are present precisely in the epistemic principles which serve as its foundation.
O Acordo Secreto: Uma Leitura Derrideana de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Cantinho Maria João ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

Na sua obra Spectres de Marx, Derrida parte da análise da tese II da obra de Benjamin, Über den Begriff der Geschichte, onde o autor fala do índex messiânico que cabe ao historiador redescobrir e restaurar. Benjamin não se refere a este messianismo em termos teológicos nem tradicionais, mas pensa, a partir de uma ideia de secularização do messianismo, que contém um potencial inédito para a compreensão e leitura da história. Derrida segue-lhe o raciocínio e interpreta, de forma magnífica, em que consiste este carácter de “messiânico sem messianis mo” e qual o seu significado no contexto de um pensamento político e revolucionário.
Baumgarten’s Meditationes as a Commentary on Horace’s Ars Poetica
Authors: Thorsen Bengerd Juul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

In his first work, the poetics Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus. Baumgarten frequently cites Horace’s Ars Poetica. Horace was highly esteemed by Baumgarten and his contemporaries, especially in the fields of poetics and art theory. Baumgarten uses Ars Poetica throughout Meditationes. but it is especially in the paragraphs introducing some of the key concepts of his philosophy that there is a significant amount of excerpts from Horace’s poetics. In this article, I examine if and how contemporary scholarly interpretations may have influenced these uses of Horace’s text and maybe even Baumgarten’s theory. Following a brief account of relevant commentaries as well as Horace’s position in contemporary art theory, I explore the implied interpretations of Ars Poetica in Baumgarten’s excerpts, focusing on his three key terms, phantasia. heterocosmica and methodum lucidam. Compared to the conception of Horace as expressed in the commentaries, this study suggests a complex interaction between those and Baumgarten’s art theory.
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgartens Ästhetik und die Desastres de la Guerra des Francisco de Goya
Authors: Hennrich Dirk Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

Als ein Beitrag zu einer Ästhetik des Schattens deutet der vorliegende Artikel auf die Verwandtschaft zwischen dem ästhetischen Schatten bei Alexander G. Baumgarten und den Gravuren von Francisco de Goya. Der Schatten zeigt sich dabei, nach einer kurzen Einführung in den Begriff, als der grundlegende Modus der Darstellung und der Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis im Allgemeinen. Ohne den Schatten, als das Dritte zwischen Licht und Finsternis, ist weder die Vernunft noch die Unvernunft einsehbar. Auch diese Einsicht gehört in die Epoche der Aufklärung.
Quatre ulls i deu orelles: Ramon Muntaner, capità de Gerba
Authors: Aguilar Àvila Josep Antoni
Published: November 2021

El present article analitza els caps. 248-265 de la Crònica de Ramon Muntaner, dedicats al període (1309-1315), quan el cronista exercí com a capità de l’illa de Gerba al servei del rei Frederic de Sicília. Amb aquest propòsit, aborda, en primer lloc, la versió que Muntaner dona dels fets esdevinguts a Gerba entre la conquesta de l’illa per l’almirall Roger de Llúria (1284) i el turbulent període de revoltes contra el domini catalanosicilià (1306-1311) a què hagué de fer front durant l’exercici de la capitania. En segon lloc, estudia els principals trets que Muntaner hi atribueix al seu propi personatge, tot prenent en consideració els mecanismes amb què configura aquest autoretrat literari. En tercer i darrer lloc, examina les tàctiques i les disposicions de tipus militar adoptades per Muntaner durant la campanya gerbiana, bo i acarant-les amb alguns destacats exponents de la tractadística bèl·lica medieval. L’anàlisi duta a terme posa de manifest el desig de Muntaner de reivindicar el seu èxit a Gerba com una gran victòria del Casal d’Aragó i, de retruc, de presentar-se com un salvador de la causa dels prínceps catalanoaragonesos.