bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of fermented cultivated Patin Surimi (Pangasius sutchi) with various salt concentration and fermentation time
Authors: Hustiany Rini , Akbar Arief Rahmad Maulana , Hajar Siti
Published: August 2024

Patin is a tropical fish in South Kalimantan. The use of cultivated patin is still limited. Patin is processed into surimi and fermented so has no bones, no skin, little fat, and high protein. The aim of this research is to evaluate the nutritional quality of fermented cultivated patin surimi with various salt concentrations and fermentation times. Patin surimi is added with roasted rice in a ratio of 1:2 and fermented with various salt concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) and fermentation times (0 – 7 days). The results obtained showed that lactic acid bacteria could grow spontaneously quickly at a salt concentration of 5% from day 3 to day 7, whereas at salt concentrations of 10% and 15% the growth of lactic acid bacteria was very slow. The nutritional changes in fermented cultivated patin surimi are moisture content 57.21 – 43.25%, ash content 2.91 – 10.72%, protein content 18.98 – 29.07%, fat content 0.17 – 2 %, pH 6.42 – 5.62, total titrated acid 0.18 – 0.56%, and total salt 6.85 – 14.47%. Based on this, the best of fermented cultivated patin surimi is at a salt concentration of 5% and a fermentation time of 5 days.
Unlocking economic growth: Circular bioeconomy implementation and the role of forestry industry
Authors: Yuniati Dhany , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho , Pribadi Didit Okta , Djaenudin Raden Deden , Kuncahyo Budi , Khotimah Husnul
Published: August 2024

The circular bioeconomy is increasingly recognized as a strategy to tackle natural resource constraints and environmental degradation. This paper examines the prospects of applying circular bioeconomy principles to drive economic growth in Indonesia's forestry sector. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, the study analyzes the sector through upstream, midstream, and downstream value chains. The findings indicate that integrating these principles can boost economic growth by fostering industrial development, innovation, added value, and job creation. In the upstream chain, sustainable forest management, planting, and conservation activities ensure raw material availability and create employment opportunities. The midstream chain sees the growth of creative industries focused on waste processing and logistics, driving innovation, added value, and job absorption. Downstream activities, such as repair, maintenance, refurbishment, upcycling, and rental services, also contribute to economic growth. For further economic development, the study highlights the importance of exploring technology-based activities like biorefineries and innovative product development. This integration at various stages of the value chain demonstrates that a circular bioeconomy can significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth in the Indonesian forestry sector.
Study of produced harmonics in DFIG powered by wind turbines over linear and nonlinear loads
Authors: Pant Rajesh , Kumar C Vivek , Muhsen Muntadar , Rani D. Sandhya , Vokhidov Akmal , Daminova Barno , Bhatia Harpreet S.
Published: August 2024

Due to the growing interest in electricity, both conventional and non-conventional energy sources are growing. As the number of powertrains increases, just as the interconnectivity of these components grows terrifyingly, so does the power response along with the variable overcurrent. Which acquires the majority of power shares in an environmentally responsible manner. One thing that sets wind power apart is how little it costs. With a proven capacity of around 21262 MW, India's wind farm ranks fifth in the world with an exceptionally high annual expansion rate [1]. Management New Harmless to Ecosystem Strength (MNRE) and association of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat movements. Considering the 7.6 Gw of wind cap that has been produced in the last 15 months, the target is to produce an additional 10 Gw in FY 2019[2]. The Twofold Dealt with Acknowledgement Generator (DFIG) structure was found to be affected by the wind in uneven stacking. The electricity produced makes endless sounds available [3]. The proposed study depicts the evaluation of noise produced by wind-related electricity. The combined dynamic channel uses the DFIG system for both direct and indirect loads. This work recreates the sounds produced by direct and indirect loads using mutt dynamic channel reduction for Grid Side Control (GSC) and Rotor Side Control (RSC). The end product of this effort shows that using the unequal weight system, the value of sounds dropped to 4.96% from 29.66%. Additionally, it shows that in cases where the nonlinear weight has no effect on the structure, the consonant value is exactly 0.14%. Various research projects are now being carried out in an effort to develop channels that can suppress consonant levels higher than the dedicated hybrid feed channel. MATLAB R2018a variant is used to generate the model for the proposed work. The model is shown in the Simulink section of MATLAB under Programming.
Modeling of design parameters of a screw turbine for a microhydro power plant
Authors: Kodirov Dilshod , Davirov Alisher , Shukuraliev Abror , Normuminov Jakhongir , Juraev Tuychi , Suropov Bahadir
Published: August 2024

Microhydroelectric power plants with screw turbines operating on low-pressure watercourses represent a new form of small-scale hydropower. Modeling of the design parameters of a micro-hydroelectric power station with two parallel screw turbines operating in low-pressure water flows, and the optimal values were determined. The purpose of the conducted scientific research is the screw turbine outer diameter (Do), inner diameter (Di), total length of the screw (L), the number of blades (N), the angle of inclination of the screw (𝛽), the length of one revolution of the blade (S), the height (H) of the pressure generator is to increase the efficiency of the impact on the number of revolutions, torque and mechanical power based on the correct selection of optimal options.
Study on the influence of unsymmetrical modes on power transformer efficiency
Authors: Khushiev Sirojiddin , Mamadiyev Xumoyun
Published: August 2024

It is known that electric power systems cannot be imagined without transformers. Among electrical devices, the transformer is a device with high efficiency when working based on nominal indicators. However, malfunctions are occurring due to various quality indicators of electricity in electric power networks. As a result, it prevents the supply of high-quality and continuous electricity to consumers. In this article, the evaluation of efficiency due to voltage asymmetry in transformers is developed. Matlab/Simulink software was used to observe the voltage asymmetry. A 160kVA transformer was assembled in the model. Its primary data was taken from the manufacturer's manual. The greatest effect of voltage asymmetry on the efficiency of the transformer was observed at the optimal value of the load, 80%. In this case, due to asymmetry, the efficiency decreases by 0.1%. The change in transformer efficiency was evaluated at positive and negative values of the voltage deviation. In this case, when the voltage in the network changes by ±6%, a decrease in the efficiency of the transformer by 0.1% was observed.
Design and modal analysis of composite drive shaft for automotive application
Authors: Bisht Yashwant Singh , Srikanth G. , Hussain Laeth , Sanduru Bhanuteja , Chabra Rishu , Abdurazakova Napisa , Isakulova Bakhtigul
Published: August 2024

The automotive sector is always looking for ways to improve the performance, safety, and efficiency of vehicles. The drive shaft, which transmits torque from the engine to the wheels, is essential to accomplishing these goals. Due to their strength and longevity, conventional metallic drive shafts have long been the preferred option. They do, however, have certain disadvantages, including weight, corrosion susceptibility, and restricted design flexibility. Progress in material science has spurred investigation into composite alternatives as a response to these issues. Compared to typical metals, composite materials have a high strength-to-weight ratio, are resistant to corrosion, and may be engineered to have particular mechanical qualities. Through the design and analysis of composite drive shafts intended specifically for automotive applications, our research seeks to leverage these advantages. This research's main goals are to create a solid design methodology for composite drive shafts and carry out in-depth modal analysis to evaluate the dynamic characteristics and performance of the components. A thorough selection of composite materials is required during the design phase, taking into account attributes including weight, strength, stiffness, and durability. Sophisticated production processes, including filament winding or resin transfer moulding, are used to guarantee accurate and reliable fabrication of the composite shafts. Wall thickness, length, and diameter are three geometric factors that are optimised to save weight while still fulfilling structural criteria and fitting into modern vehicle architectures. When assessing the dynamic behaviour of the composite drive shafts, modal analysis is essential. Examining intrinsic frequencies, mode shapes, and vibration modes under varied operating circumstances is part of this investigation rotational speeds and torque loads. The composite drive shafts' dynamic response is simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) software, which offers important insights into the performance parameters of the components. The findings of the modal analysis guide design changes intended to lower the possibility of vibration-related failures and enhance the drive shafts' overall performance. The research's conclusions highlight the geometric requirements, material qualities, and manufacturing processes of the designed composite drive shaft. They also offer a thorough comprehension of the dynamic reaction of the drive shaft to outside excitations. All things considered, this research offers a promising substitute for traditional metallic shafts in car engineering and signifies a major technological development in drive shaft design. To fully realise the potential of composite materials, manufacturing techniques, and durability testing, future research efforts might concentrate on further optimising composite drive shafts for use in automobiles.
Study on the failure effect analysis of IC engine cylinder head
Authors: Sivanantham A. , Devaraj J. , Sanduru Bhanuteja , Hassan Muntather M. , Bhagyashree B. K. , Chandramauli Awadhesh , Singh Satyendra
Published: August 2024

This study presents the failure analysis of multi-cylinder head material for light duty vehicles (cars), which is made of aluminum alloys. Material cracks and wear form intensively due to thermo-mechanical stress caused by engine function or any load. In order for the cylinders to develop sufficient compression for engine running, the cylinder head's primary job is to assist the head gasket in sealing the cylinders. The cylinder head of a four-stroke engine houses the spark plugs, injectors, gas-exchange valves, and the valve gear overall in the majority of these engines. According to the quantity and arrangement of valves as well as the shape of the combustion chamber, several designs might exist. Because they dissipate heat more effectively and weigh less, cast aluminum alloys AS7GU (A356+0.5%), A319, and A356 are the most often utilized in cylinder head designs today. The general issue of engine head failures is very risky and comprehensive, based on material failures such as cracks and wear due to transient vibration, over-temperature, or any impact loads during accidents. In this research, the metallurgical examination will be conducted by altering material of aluminum alloy 7000 series i.e., Aluminum 7068. The proposed material behavior of the engine head was also examined by Finite Element Analysis.
Research on the application of BIM technology for cost controlin construction
Authors: Yuhao Jiang , Yue Li , Kuo Zhang , Holubava Volha
Published: August 2024

The cost control of construction projects directly determines the profitability of construction projects. Building information modeling (BIM) technology came into being with the development of modern science and technology, through BIM technology can effectively solve the problem of cost control of construction projects, therefore, the specific application of BIM technology in the cost control work of construction projects is a topic worth studying. This paper mainly outlines the main points of BIM technology and cost control of construction projects, and sets the evaluation indexes of RM, PM and CCD according to the key processes of sub-parts of projects, and evaluates which sub-parts of projects are used in combination with BIM technology as the key processes of cost control of construction projects through the coupling relationship between them, which can significantly reduce the construction cost of construction.
Activation and comparison of indicators of bentonite clay of the Navbakhor deposit
Authors: Boyjanov Nodirbek , Radjabov Masnur , Serkayev Qamar , Boyjanov Islom , Yaxshimuratov Nurbek
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the possibility of using the Navbakhar deposit of bentonite clays in import substitution. Optimal conditions for acid and alkaline activation were found and a comparative analysis was carried out with the Super FF adsorbent imported from Pakistan used in the oil and fat industry. Chemical and structural analysis of the samples was carried out using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer NEX DE, a scanning electron microscope CEM-EDS Jaol JSM-IT200 LA and a Micromerelies Gemini VII 2390t analyzer (USA)
Study on the possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of thermal insulation of enclosing structures in window openings using low-emission coatings and films
Authors: Rimshin Vladimir , Khamrakulov Ravshan , Alikabulov Shukhrat , Radjabov Yorkinbek , Abdurakhmonov Azizjon , Mirazimova Gulbahor , Jamolova Mokhigul
Published: August 2024

This article discusses issues related to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings through the optimization of window structures and ventilation systems. The difficulties of analytical calculation of heat and moisture transfer in building envelopes are considered, and methodologies for research in this area are presented. Special attention is paid to the roles of window fillings and methods for reducing heat losses through window openings, such as the use of low-emissivity coatings and filling the space with inert gases. Methods for controlled air inflow through window structures without compromising airtightness are presented. The economic and practical aspects of implementing energy-efficient windows are discussed, and their contribution to the overall energy efficiency of buildings is evaluated.
Influence of sandstone on physical and chemical processes of interaction of components and genetic formation of cement composite
Authors: Khadzhiev Azamat , Atabaev Farrukh , Tursunova Gulsanam
Published: August 2024

This paper highlights the results of studies to establish the influence of sandstone of the Khodzhakul deposit on the processes of hydration, the origin of new formations and their genetic formation in the structure of the cement composite. The chemical, mineralogical compositions of the sandstone of the Khodjakul deposit have been established. Their quality indicators meet the requirements for additives to cements of the PC400-D20 brand.
Critical Evaluation of Vertical Stud Integration for Enhancing Blast Resistance in Slabs: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional Reinforcement Methods
Authors: Anas S. M. , Al-Dala’ien Rayeh Nasr , Shariq Mohd , Alam Mehtab
Published: August 2024

Originally rooted in military engineering, blast engineering has transitioned across centuries, from ancient fortifications to modern civil structures and nuclear facilities. Emerging from its historical association with warfare, particularly evident in World War II advancements, the field now encompasses a broader scope, addressing the challenges of protecting civilian infrastructure against blasts, both accidental and intentional. This evolution reflects a continuum of expertise, from ancient defenses to contemporary simulations and materials, ensuring resilience in the face of evolving threats. Slabs serve as indispensable structural elements in construction, crucial for dispersing loads and furnishing essential support as floors, ceilings, or roofs. Their primary function is to ensure structural stability by uniformly distributing weight onto columns and walls, while simultaneously furnishing level surfaces for various activities and augmenting architectural appeal. Nevertheless, owing to their extensive horizontal orientation and substantial surface area, slabs are exceptionally susceptible to explosions, particularly those initiated by direct contact, owing to the rapid fluctuations in pressure and impulse loading they undergo. This research initiative is dedicated to probing the anti-blast capabilities inherent in slabs through an innovative paradigm. The methodology entails the integration of vertical short bars, colloquially referred to as studs, to interconnect the compression and tension layer bars of the slab. These studs are purposed as supplementary reinforcement to bolster the structural robustness and fortitude of the slab against blast-induced forces. By introducing this pioneering design component, the authors endeavour to scrutinize the efficacy of the slab's performance when subjected to a touch-off explosion. The investigation juxtaposes the performance of these fortified slabs against two alternative scenarios: slabs lacking studs bridging the compression and tension layers, and slabs reinforced solely on the tension side—an arrangement corroborated by extant experimental study. The findings reveal that incorporating vertical studs significantly strengthens structural integrity, reduces deformation and stress, and improves energy dissipation and damage response under blast loads. This enhancement is attributed to enhanced shear resistance, increased ductility, and superior load transfer, ultimately reducing damage and enhancing resilience.
Study on Non-caking Ammonium Nittle with the Additive of Arvaten Serpentinite
Authors: Buriyev Sayfutdin , Namazov Shafoat , Mamataliyev Abdurasul , Qo‘chqorov Muhriddin , Kushokov Jamoliddin , Shodikulov Zhurabek , Temirov Uktam
Published: August 2024

During the preparation of samples containing non-caking AN combined with serpentinite (SP), the mass ratio of AN to SP ranged from 100 : 0.5 to 100 : 2.5. The prilling method was employed to granulate the melt of serpentinite-nitrate. It has been demonstrated that the AN melt activates SP, facilitating the conversion of MgO from an indigestible form to a form that is readily absorbable by plants. In this scenario, serpentinite undergoes conversion, resulting in the formation of magnesium nitrate. The primary criterion for assessing the non-caking AN is the strength of the granules. If the strength of the granules for pure AN is measured at 1.32 MPa, then for fertilizers with the AN : SP ratio of 100: 0.5 and 100: 2.5, the corresponding strengths are 3.74 and 4.72, respectively. Based on the DTA studies carried out, we can conclude the following: an increase in the temperature of the modification transition IV→III and the reverse transition II→IV leads to the preservation of high strength and a decrease in the caking of AN granules during transportation and storage.
Renovation and demolition, as tools for improving the built environment
Authors: Okeke Francis O. , Mba Emeka J. , Igwe Ajuluchukwu E. , Awe Foluso C. , Okonta Ebere D. , Ezema Emmanuel C. , Oforji Peter I. , Okeke Chinemerem M. B.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the role of renovation and demolition in improving the built environment of Enugu, Nigeria, focusing on residential buildings. Using a qualitative research design with case studies and observational analysis, the research examined ten buildings representing different typologies and historical periods in Enugu North Local Government Area. Findings reveal the resilience of traditional construction methods, the multifaceted nature of renovation/demolition decision-making, and the potential for adaptive reuse in preserving architectural heritage while meeting modern needs. The research highlights the tension between conservation and modernization in rapidly urbanizing contexts, demonstrating that renovation often presents a more sustainable alternative to demolition. These insights contribute to the discourse on sustainable urban development in Global South cities, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between structural integrity, historical value, and adaptability in shaping urban renewal strategies. The study proposes a framework for case-by-case assessment of older buildings, integrating structural, cultural, and environmental considerations to inform policy and practice in urban regeneration.
Methods of determining the optimal temperature and humidity in dryness and storage of in vitro propagated parasitic entomophages
Authors: Jumaev Rasul
Published: August 2024

This article presents the culmination of extensive research efforts focusing on the in vitro breeding of parasitic entomophages, specifically Trichogramma pintoi, Trichogramma evenecens, Trichogramma embryophagum, and Bracon hebetor Say. This research aimed to determine the optimal conditions for breeding these parasitic entomophages, including air temperature, relative humidity, and dustiness. One of the key findings of the study was the ability to propagate multiple generations of parasitic entomophages in vitro. This discovery has significant implications for the mass production and utilization of these beneficial insects in biological pest control strategies.The research also investigated the ideal environmental conditions for maintaining parasitic entomophages in vitro. The study identified specific ranges of air temperature and relative humidity that are conducive to the survival and reproduction of these insects outside their natural habitat. Understanding these optimal conditions is crucial for the successful implementation of in vitro breeding programs for parasitic entomophages. The study examined the dustiness of the environment in which the parasitic entomophages were bred. Dustiness can have a significant impact on the health and reproductive success of these insects, so determining the optimal levels of dustiness is essential for maintaining healthy breeding populations.
Prospective resources for flax selection from the national gene fund of plants of Uzbekistan
Authors: Amanova Makhfurat , Allanazarova Luyiza , Rustamov Abdumalik
Published: August 2024

Flax is one of the oldest oil crops in Central Asia and was cultivated for edible oil 1000 years ago. In 2023, flax was grown on an area of 13,000 ha in the arid regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the average yield was 0.7-0.8 t/ha. The main reason for the low productivity is the lack of high-yielding varieties of flax suitable for the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. In the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, 100 flax varieties from the National Gene Bank were studied for morphobiological and economically valuable traits, belonging to more than 30 countries of the world. As a result of the research, 20 flax samples were selected based on the length of the main stem, 11 samples based on resistance to lodging, 10 samples based on early ripening, 17 samples based on the productivity of one plant, and 7 samples based on a set of traits. These samples will subsequently be involved in the breeding process to create new early-ripening, productive varieties with a high oil content in the seeds.
Study on the qualitative indicators of raw cotton and fiber during the ginning process
Authors: Juraeva Gulhayo , Komilov Shuhrat , Mamadaliyev Nodirbek , Muradov Rustam
Published: August 2024

This article reviewed the classification of fibers and standards, quality indicators, as well as comparisons of fiber analyzes before and after the ginning process, and laboratory studies were conducted on fiber quality indicators. An advanced method for assessing the quality of cotton fiber, called HVI (High Volume Instrument) testing, was also presented.
Monitoring Trends of SO2 level Using Time-Series Sentinel-5 Images Based on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Muslimbekov Bakhodir , Teshaev Nozimjon , Abdurakhmonov Sarvar , Gaybulloev Oybek
Published: August 2024

This research delves into an extensive examination of Sulphur dioxide (SO2) column density patterns within the Tashkent region, Uzbekistan, employing advanced spatial analysis techniques facilitated by Google Earth Engine (GEE) and leveraging high-resolution Sentinel-5P satellite data. The investigation spans the critical years of 2019 and 2023, meticulously scrutinizing monthly maximum and mean SO2 values to elucidate nuanced temporal trends -and spatial distributions. The comprehensive analysis divulges a multifaceted narrative of air quality dynamics, particularly unveiling pronounced spatial heterogeneity in SO2 emissions across the Tashkent region. Notably, the southern expanse emerges as a focal point of heightened SO2 concentration, prominently linked to the extensive presence of industrial complexes and manufacturing facilities. Moreover, a distinct circular pattern of elevated SO2 concentrations concentrically encircling the capital city, Tashkent. This spatial anomaly is attributed to a numerous of anthropogenic factors, prominently including the combustion of fossil fuels within greenhouse infrastructures, compounded by the escalating vehicular emissions stemming from the increasing urban populace and its concomitant resource consumption patterns.
Technical and economic efficiency of processing acidic wastewater from the oil and fat industry into necessary agricultural products
Authors: Sotimboev Ilgizarbek , Baltaev Umidbek , Shamuratov Sanjarbek , Shamsiddin Ruzimov , Alimov Umarbek , Saporboyev Mirzabek
Published: August 2024

In this artist the economic efficiency of organizing the production of crude fatty acids in the fat and oil industry of Uzbekistan is presented. Cotton soapstock is a difficult-to-saponifiable oily substance, which requires a long time for its saponification. Therefore, to intensify it, it is proposed to saponify the soap stock using the ultrasonic method. The resulting crude fatty acids after the new approach led to a reduction in the cost of the product. The second problem of enterprises is the formation of acidic wastewater, which, after neutralization with an expensive reagent sodium carbonate, is discharged into the city sewerage system. Therefore, it is proposed to neutralize wastewater with carbonate phosphorite of the Central Kyzylkum. As a result, after processing the wastewater, phosphorus fertilizer was obtained. Technical and economic calculations showed that the cost of phosphorus fertilizer is only 616,978 sums or 50 US dollars per ton. Thus, in oil and fat industry enterprises it is possible to organize the production of fertilizers, a product with an additional amount.
Potato waste and sweet potato waste utilization – some research trends
Authors: Zhivkova Vanya
Published: August 2024

The aim of the present paper was to show in a summarized and systematized form, with the help of a search of relevant keywords in scientific databases and applying a descriptive approach, some current research trends concerning possibilities for potato waste and sweet potato waste utilization. The areas in which intense work is being done in the field of potato waste and sweet potato waste valorization are heterogeneous and diverse, such as bioethanol production, anaerobic digestion, adsorption of dyes and heavy metals, recovery of bioactive compounds, production of composite films, synthesis of nanoparticles, application as components in animal nutrition, attempts to include them as ingredients in food production. The goal of proper treatment and sustainable handling of these waste materials is to give them additional value and utility, to derive the greatest possible benefit from them, to minimize risks and negative consequences for the environment, and to protect the wellbeing of society as a whole.
Parametric analysis of chlorella microalgae cultivation process and mathematical modeling of intensive growth process
Authors: Rakhmanov Sherkul , Turaev Kakhramon
Published: August 2024

In this paper, based on the analysis of the parameters of the technological process of growing Chlorella microalgae, the construction of its mathematical model and its main parameters obtained in the experiments carried out in intensive growth processes were considered and analyzed within the framework of the influence on the increase of biomass. A structural scheme for the intensive cultivation of Chlorella microalgae has been developed. A kinetic and mathematical model representing the dependence of the growth time of the biomass of Chlorella microalgae was obtained based on the experiments. In the experiment, it was found that the change of the kinetic curve corresponds to the Verhulst logistic equation for limited population growth. The equation of the state of consumption of nutrients in the periodic cultivation of Chlorella microalgae was determined, and based on the kinetic model of this process, a mathematical model was developed. When the biomass x concentration of Chlorella microalgae reaches the maximum value Ep, growth stops. In this case, it was proved on the basis of experiments that the increase in the amount of lipids formed in the biomass stops. The relationship between the increase in the concentration of the C substrate and the increase in biomass was confirmed by Andrew's equation. In the process of cultivation of chlorella microalgae, the composition of the most optimized nutrient medium was determined, taking into account the proportions of the proposed macro and micronutrients. It was found that the maximum concentration of chloella microalgae cells from the optimized nutrient medium is 10-15% higher than the maximum concentration in the Tamiya nutrient medium, and the cost of one cubic meter of the proposed nutrient medium is 2 times lower than the Tamiya medium.
Assessment of ship collision risk based on the recorded accident cases: Structural damage and environmental recovery
Authors: Rahman R. A. , Suryanto S. , Prabowo A. R. , Yaningsih I. , Ehlers S. , Braun M.
Published: August 2024

Transportation is vital due to its capability to transport cargo and people massively. However, if maritime accidents take place, they may cause a significant impact not only on the economy and lives lost but also on the environment. This review paper provides a summary of research and reports on marine accidents, including the inclusion of ship type effects, types of accident events, and the accident consequences, especially to the marine environment. The paper covers global accident data, accident reports from various global accident investigation authorities, and the investigation results. Overall, this study aims to highlight the global tendency of marine accidents and how the accident affects the surrounding site's environmental condition. Additionally, the regulations and activities for environmental recovery are elaborated to tackle the damage caused by the ship accident. The contribution of this review is expected to provide a broader view of the maritime casualties and the effects on the marine environment and the regulations to overcome the damaged ecosystem.
Analysis of approaches to increase the fertility of irrigated typical gray and meadow soils in Uzbekistan
Authors: Burkhanova Dilnavoza , Urmanova Munisa , Kuchkarova Nodira , Karimov Muradjan
Published: August 2024

This research paper explores the effects of utilizing plant residues as mulch and applying various fertilizers on the fertility and key physical and chemical attributes of irrigated typical gray and meadow soils. The study demonstrates that these agricultural techniques significantly boost the development and productivity of winter wheat and cotton. It outlines how mulching with plant residues notably enhances soil fertility through increasing organic matter, optimizing soil structure, and minimizing erosion. The study further indicates that using organic fertilizers, including biohumus and bio-based preparations, augments soil fertility and fosters the activity of beneficial microbes within the soil. The investigation highlights the crucial role these methods play in elevating the growth and productivity of winter wheat and cotton. The conclusions drawn advocate for the combined use of mulching and fertilizers as a strategy to elevate crop outputs, enrich soil health, and promote sustainable farming methods in these soil types.
Transition of Clinical Pharmacy from Theory to Practice
Authors: Abduelkarem Abduelmula R.
Published: August 2024

Since the 1960s, the world has witnessed a significant development in the role of clinical pharmacists, as the pharmacy profession has shifted toward improving drug treatment, promoting health, and preventing diseases. Clinical pharmacists are in high demand around the world and are now recognized as indispensable members of health care teams. Key competencies required in a clinical pharmacist include patient care, medical knowledge, collaboration with health care teams, professionalism, delivery of exceptional care, and ensuring the safe use of medications. Modern competency-based pharmacy education focuses on specific outcomes that graduates are expected to achieve, in alignment with professional standards. This curriculum prepares students to excel in changing and evolving health care delivery, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and more efficient health care delivery. Therefore, the future of clinical pharmacy looks bright as pharmacists play vital roles in patient care using advanced technology and personalized medicine. Collaboration with other health care professionals is also key to improving outcomes. Therefore, pharmacy education must be changed by focusing on clinical skills, combined professional training, and career development. Challenges such as regulations, differences in practices, and lack of recognition must be addressed through collaboration between health stakeholders, educators, and policy makers. This review article aims to explore the evolving role of clinical pharmacists in the health care system, highlighting their key competencies, the impact of competency-based education, and future prospects for the clinical pharmacy profession in the context of advancing technology and personalized medicine.
Asymptotic stability to semi-stationary Boussinesq equations without thermal conduction
Authors: Li Jianguo
Published: August 2024

We study the stability problem of steady solutions to the semi-stationary Boussinesq equations in the strip domain R2×(0,1). For an equilibrium state with any general steady solution θe which satisfies ϑe > m > 0, we show the global existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions to the system with the no-slip boundary condition when the initial temperature is close enough to it. Thus such a steady solution is asymptotically stable, which reflects the well-known phenomenon of Rayleigh-Taylor stability.
Benchmark simulations of radiative transfer in participating binary stochastic mixtures in two dimensions
Authors: Gao Cong-Zhang , Cai Ying , Yin Jian-Wei , Fan Zheng-Feng , Wang Pei , Zhu Shao-Ping , Huang Cheng-Wu , Zhao Yang , Yang Jia-Min
Published: August 2024

We study radiative transfer in participating binary stochastic mixtures in two dimensions (2D) by developing an accurate and efficient simulation tool. For two different sets of physical parameters, 2D benchmark results are presented, and it is found that the influence of the stochastic mixture on radiative transfer is clearly parameter-dependent. Our results confirm that previous multidimensional results obtained in different studies are basically consistent, which is interpreted in terms of the relationship between the photon mean free path lp and the system size L. Nonlinear effects, including those due to scattering and radiation–material coupling, are also discussed. To further understand the particle size effect, we employ a dimensionless parameter lp/L, from which a critical particle size can be derived. On the basis of further 2D simulations, we find that an inhomogeneous mix is obtained for lp/L > 0.1. Furthermore, 2D material temperature distributions reveal that self-shielding and particle–particle shielding of radiation occur, and are enhanced when lp/L is increased. Our work is expected to provide benchmark results to verify proposed homogenized models and/or other codes for stochastic radiative transfer in realistic physical scenarios.
Conceptual research on meeting tomographic reconstruction and measurement accuracy requirements: Key factors in the development of a radiated power diagnostics for DEMO
Authors: Chernyshova M. , Malinowski K. , Mikszuta-Michalik K. , Jabłoński S. , Jagielski M.
Published: August 2024

This work addresses the development of diagnostics for core plasma radiated power and soft x-ray intensity measurements, which will be useful in future fusion reactors to ensure reliable plasma control (by monitoring the power loss across the separatrix) in accordance with the DEMO control requirements. For this purpose, we look into the development of such a detection system that will provide the required information via soft x-ray diagnostics. The target photon range for such a detecting system is considered to be 3–50 keV. The aspects of the development have included detailed diagnostics design, physics, engineering and integration studies, as well as an investigation into the feasibility and performance of the diagnostics and its components. The development is currently in the design phase. Nevertheless, the answer is already needed regarding the fulfillment of system requirements. In order to monitor the power crossing the separatrix, a precise estimation of the plasma radiation is needed to maintain the high-efficiency plasma. This requires strict measurement accuracy criteria, with 3% accuracy margin for the core plasma radiated power estimate and 5% noise for a single measurement of a single detector within the detector array. Here, an initial estimation of the detecting system's accuracy was provided based on an analysis of both the tomography reconstruction and detector measurement capabilities. The optimal number of lines of sight for tomography reconstruction was found for the considered plasma field of view. Additionally, the initial concept for a photon-sensitive chamber of the detecting system was developed. This allowed for the assessment of the predicted measurement accuracy of the detector for horizontal and vertical lines of sight.
A compact ion source combining electron-impact and thermal ionization for multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Jiajun , Mollaebrahimi Ali , San Andrés Samuel Ayet , Dickel Timo , Plaß Wolfgang R. , Wilsenach Heinrich , Beck Sönke , Ge Zhuang , Geissel Hans , Hornung Christine , Jacobs Andrew , Kripko-Koncz Gabriella , Kwiatkowski Anna A. , Narang Meetika , Scheidenberger Christoph , Sequeira Jaden , Walls Coulter
Published: August 2024

A compact ion source combining electron impact and thermal ionization has been developed and commissioned in two Multiple-Reflection Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) setups at the Fragment Separator Ion Catcher at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany, and at TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science at TRIUMF Canada’s particle accelerator center, Vancouver, Canada. The ion source is notable for its compact dimensions of 50 mm in height and 68 mm in diameter. The ion source is currently in daily operation at both facilities. Design, simulations, and results of combining ions from thermal and electron-impact ionization of different gases (perfluoropropane and sulfur hexafluoride) are presented in this work. The systematic effects of heating power on the thermal source were studied in detail. The source has demonstrated stable and long-term production of reference ions over a wide mass range for the MR-TOF-MS. This versatile ion source has also been used to optimize and investigate the transport of ions with different chemical reactivity and ionization potentials.
Large-scale integration of MoS2 on high-TC superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 for the realization of Josephson devices
Authors: Seurre K. , Ayachi M. , Godel F. , Carreira S. J. , Dlubak B. , Seneor P. , Humbert V. , Villegas J. E.
Published: August 2024

High-TC cuprate superconductors' growth conditions and their incompatibility with some of the most standard nanofabrication approaches make their large-scale integration with 2D materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other Van der Waals materials) much more difficult than for conventional, metallic superconductors. Here, we address this challenge and develop an approach based on pulsed laser deposition that allows the growth of the 2D semiconductor MoS2 on the archetypal high-TC superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x. This yields functional heterostructures in which the individual constituents' properties are preserved and that show superconducting coupling across their interface. The developed approach paves the way for large-scale 2D semiconductor co-integration with high-TC superconductors toward the study and leverage of the superconducting proximity effect in hybrid devices.
Morphology of laminar rheological flow in polygonal ducts
Authors: Sengupta Sayantan , Banerjee Arka , Pramanik Shantanu
Published: August 2024

We numerically study the fluid dynamics of laminar, rheological flow in regular polygonal ducts. We demonstrate that the entry length for the flow development increases with a decrease in the number of sides m and an increase in flow behavior index n. Furthermore, we explore the impact of m and n on the major output parameters and propose simple correlations to predict entry length, the shape of the fully developed axial velocity profile and friction factor based on two newly introduced geometric parameters, viz., the factor of approach and integrity index. While it was well-known that turbulent flow through non-circular ducts typically induces Prandtl's secondary flow of the second kind, the present study reveals the occurrence of such secondary flow associated with the corner convexities of the primary velocity profile, even within the laminar regime. We capture a counter-rotating vortex pair at each corner of the polygonal duct as evidence of the secondary flow. A novel visualization method tracks the evolution of vortices diminishing downstream. The strength of the vortices reduces with the increase in the number of corners, as does the strength of secondary velocity. We demonstrate three distinct fluid dynamic regimes using the vortex line representation: the near-wall region, the inner core, and an intermediate region. The inner core and the intermediate region carry the signatures of potential and secondary flow regimes, respectively. These two regimes wipe out once the entire cross section becomes viscous-dominated, yielding a fully developed flow. Such development happens far from the duct's inlet for shear-thickening fluids.
Non-linear rheological behaviors of polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanowire/silica nanoparticle suspensions under large amplitude oscillatory shear flows
Authors: Kim Si Yoon , Song Hyeong Yong , Lee Jeonghyeon , Park Min Seo , Lee Seung Hak , Park Jun Dong , Hyun Kyu
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the non-linear rheological behaviors of silver nanowire (AgNW) suspensions containing silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) dispersed in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flows with various methods including LAOS moduli, Fourier-transform (FT) rheology, and the sequence of physical processes (SPP). The microstructures of the suspensions depended on the ratio of SiNP and AgNW concentrations (φSi/φAg). Lower φSi/φAg ratios yielded entangled AgNWs, whereas high φSi/φAg ratios induced AgNW–SiNP bundle formation due to strong attraction between SiNPs and AgNWs. Non-linear rheological behaviors were classified into three new LAOS types (A, B, and C) based on distinct microstructures including entangled networks of individual AgNWs, stiff AgNW–SiNP bundles, and a combination of both. Type A, with dominant entangled AgNWs, displayed two-step strain thinning attributed to flocculated network formation. Network disruption aggravated the non-linearities due to strain-induced structure formations, followed by the appearance of minima in FT intensities due to disentangled and aligned AgNWs. Type B, comprising AgNW entangled networks and AgNW–SiNP bundles owing to higher SiNP contents, exhibited broad one-step strain thinning. Type C, with dominant stiff bundles, presented the simplest network structures, resulting in one-step strain thinning. Furthermore, intracycle structural changes during LAOS flows were examined using two SPP parameters: instantaneously recoverable elasticity Gt,max′ and internal area of SPP moduli. The SPP analysis also exhibited different behaviors depending on the LAOS types. Thus, employing FT rheology and SPP methods, complex microstructures containing PVA, AgNWs, and SiNPs and their structural changes during LAOS flows were investigated.
Learning L2 formulaic sequences from meaning-focused activities
Authors: Puimège Eva
Published: August 2024

Formulaic language is becoming an increasingly popular topic of investigation in second language acquisition
research. As linguistic units that provide language users with many benefits in communication and language processing, formulaic
sequences have now taken up a central role in theoretical approaches to SLA theory and L2 pedagogy. This paper provides a review
of studies investigating how formulaic sequences are acquired from meaning-focused L2 activities. The article starts by defining
formulaic language and discussing the advantages of formulaic sequences for SLA. It then addresses key issues in L2 processing and
use of formulaic sequences, before reviewing research into L2 acquisition of formulaic sequences through meaning-focused
activities. Finally, the paper identifies some future directions for research on meaning-focused L2 learning of formulaic
language.
Bayesian inversion with Student’s t priors based on Gaussian scale mixtures
Authors: Senchukova Angelina , Uribe Felipe , Roininen Lassi
Published: August 2024

Many inverse problems focus on recovering a quantity of interest that is a priori known to exhibit either discontinuous or smooth behavior. Within the Bayesian approach to inverse problems, such structural information can be encoded using Markov random field priors. We propose a class of priors that combine Markov random field structure with Student’s t distribution. This approach offers flexibility in modeling diverse structural behaviors depending on available data. Flexibility is achieved by including the degrees of freedom parameter of Student’s t distribution in the formulation of the Bayesian inverse problem. To facilitate posterior computations, we employ Gaussian scale mixture representation for the Student’s t Markov random field prior, which allows expressing the prior as a conditionally Gaussian distribution depending on auxiliary hyperparameters. Adopting this representation, we can derive most of the posterior conditional distributions in a closed form and utilize the Gibbs sampler to explore the posterior. We illustrate the method with two numerical examples: signal deconvolution and image deblurring.