bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nursing Interventions in Prevention and Healing of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis among Critical Care Patients
Authors: Thomas, Philomina , Dabas Suman , Kumari, Vanita , Joshi Poonam
Published: May 2022

Incontinence is a common problem among hospitalised patients and has been associated with multiple health complications, including incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and hospitalacquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs). IAD is one of the clinical manifestations of moisture- associated skin damage (MASD). IAD is a common problem in aged patients with faecal and/or urinary incontinence. In this study it was sought to reduce the incidence of IAD among critically ill patients admitted in ICU from 5.94 rate to <2.00 by implementing Nursing Interventions of IAD protocol. A one group pre-test post-test design was selected using consecutive sampling technique. The data was obtained by using an audit checklist prior and post-interventions. Results showed that the compliance to IAD protocol increased from 37.94 percent to 77.33 percent. Incidence of IAD reduced from 5.94 to 2.02 in the last 3 months. Healing status of IAD was 100 percent in June & July 2017. Thus nursing interventions are effective in the prevention and healing of IAD among critical care patients. To conclude incontinence associated dermatitis is a prevalent but under-recognised form of skin damage in the critically ill patients with urinary or fecal incontinence. Prevention and treatment focus on treatment of underlying incontinence and protection of skin exposed to urine or stool-based on a structure skin care regimen.
Effect of Teaching Partograph on Knowledge related to Intra-partum Monitoring among Nursing Personnel
Authors: Thomas Philomina , Dabas Suman , Kumari Vanita , Joshi Poonam
Published: May 2022

Prolonged labor, a leading cause of maternal deaths, may also lead to many maternal and neonatal infections in developing countries. Use of partograph, recommended by World Health Organisation, has been found to be an effective intervention for monitoring for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed effectiveness of teaching use of partograph in 37 nursing personnel and found it very useful modality that can be adopted on wide scale.
Effect of Nurse-led Programme on Knowledge Regarding Identi cation of Warning Signs in Low Birth Weight Babies among Post-natal Mothers in Selected Hospitals of Mangaluru
Authors: K Nambiar Sreepriya , Nayak Sabitha , R Sujatha
Published: May 2022

A healthy birth weight is extremely important for a newborn. It is estimated that 22 million infants are born yearly, out of which 16 percent are low birth weight (LBW) babies. In South Asia, India has the highest percentage of low birth babies. As per 2010-13 report, it was reported that the majority of the infants died before they completed 28 days of life and about 48.1 percent suffered from LBW and premature birth. Early detection of illness is an important step towards improving new-born survival. In this study to determine the effect of a nurse-led programme on the identi cation of warning signs in low birth weight babies among post-natal mothers, a pre-experimental research design was adopted with one group pre-test - post-test. Purposive sampling method was used for the selection of 50 post-natal mothers who delivered LBW babies. Among 50 mothers the mean pre-test knowledge score was 13.04 +1.97and post-test score was 17.30+ 2. To nd the effectiveness of video teaching programme paired “t” test was used. The obtained “t” value was -32.68 which was less than -2.042 and the p-value was
Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Processing
Authors: Pankaj Kumar  , Om Pailwan  , Jadhav Milan Bhausaheb  , Prof. Pallavi Bhaskare
Published: May 2022

A survey on leaf disease detection using CNN image processing is presented in this work. For the detection of illnesses in plant leaves, digital image processing is a reliable, time-saving, and accurate technology. Other algorithms can also be employed for the identification and categorization of leaf diseases in plants. The clustering approach, color-based image analysis method, classifier, and artificial neural network for illness classification are all examples of CNN techniques presented in this research. Our research focuses on analysing various leaf diseases using the CNN detection approach, as well as providing an overview of disease types and treatment and preventative methods
Design of Control Circuit Using PIC Microcontroller for Automatic Power Factor Correction
Authors: Miss D. A Suryawanshi  , Mr. Sujit Subodh Phatak  , Miss. Rutuja Dinesh Kapase  , Mr. Sagar Kailas Sadafule  , Mr. Omkar Magan Didul
Published: May 2022

The power quality of AC systems has been a key issue in recent years because to the ever-increasing quantity of electronics equipment, power electronic equipment, and high voltage power systems. The majority of industrial installations in countries have substantial inductive electrical loads, resulting in a lagging power factor that has serious effects for energy users. As a result, reactive power compensation must be performed in the proper manner. Hence, we worked on this project and created Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) system using the PIC18f4520 microcontroller. APFC device measures the power factor, line voltage, and line current. The power factor is calculated using the system's voltage and current, and if it falls below a specified value defined by the utility provider, the device immediately activates capacitor banks to compensate for the reactive power. The phase angle and corresponding power factor are calibrated at that time. The mother board calculates the required compensation and activates the appropriate capacitor banks. This strategy can be used to increase the system's stability and efficiency in both industries and homes.
Sentiment Classification for Social Media Posts using Machine Learning
Authors: Priyanka Takalkar  , Prajjawal Neware  , Shravya Shetty  , Bilal Shaikh  , Renuka Jetthy
Published: May 2022

With the advent of online technology and its growth, the web now contains a massive amount of data for internet users, as well as a large amount of data being generated. The internet has evolved into a platform for online learning, idea exchange, and opinion sharing. People use social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Google+ to share and express their opinions on a variety of topics, participate in discussions with diverse communities, and send messages all over the world. The field of sentiment analysis of twitter data has seen a lot of progress. This study focuses on Twitter sentiment analysis, which is useful for analysing information in tweets where opinions are highly structured, varied, and either positive or negative. The proposed system is build using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Techniques
Design and Analysis of Marine Propeller
Authors: Prof. S. R. Desale  , Shriram Khatal  , Chirag Itware  , Rakesh Chanda  , Akhil Kulkarni
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a comparison between propellers varying in design to evaluate their performance and efficiency. A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of airfoil shape blade and fluid is accelerated behind the blades which generates two forces, one along the longitudinal direction of ship which is the axial force called thrust force and tangential force which produce the required torque. As propeller has great influence on the propulsive performance of ship, propeller design is important technology for energy saving in ship propulsion. Generally, alloy of aluminium or bronze material are used for manufacturing of marine propeller. The propeller is a complex geometry which requires high end modelling software. The solid model of propeller is developed in HydroComp PropCad 2005 and SolidWorks 2019 and a tetrahedral mesh is generated for this model using HYPER MESH and simulation is carried out using SolidWorks. By considering all the study and benefits this model helps to find the optimum propeller for defined objectives. Based on optimized parameters the propellers performance is calculated by the simulation of designed model.
IOT Based Digital Wireless Notice Board
Authors: Gourav Nirmale  , Sohan Kamalakar  , Saad Telasang  , Pooja Mali
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to present a technology based online notice board using Internet of Things (IOT). Down the years Display boards constituted one of the major roles in mass communication medium. In order to reduce paper work, time and man power, the proposed model introduces an online digital notice board using IOT.IOT Connects things to the internet. So, we can access the Notice board from anywhere across the world through internet. The notice board is interfaced with the Wi-Fi module to provide internet access to the board. The Wi-Fi module which is installed at the digital notice board receives the message from designated user and gets presented on the notice board. From our proposed model the authorized admin enables to post the message from any corner and this message can be portrayed on the LCD Display. The proposed model funds with multiple applications like help desks in transporting stations like railway, airways and bus stations which offers travellers to have up to date/updated info. It has a better impact in jammed regions as in supermarket to provide a hike and decremental cost prices. This directs the people/students in completely unfamiliar areas. Lesser to the infinity each remote areas of the world can be portrayed on the screen with the updated news and it can be possible only by the IOT.
Programmed Multi-Classification of Brain Tumor Images Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Anushka Shendkar  , Shruti Yadav  , Mayuri Puse  , Nikita Rakh  , Prof. Revati Patil
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose a brain tumor segmentation and classification method for multi-modality magnetic resonance image scans. The data from multi-modal brain tumor segmentation challenge are utilized which are co-registered and skull stripped, and the histogram matching is performed with a reference volume of high contrast. We are detecting tumor by using preprocessing , segmentation, feature extraction ,optimization and lastly classification after that preprocessed images use to classify the tissue .We performed a leave-one out cross-validation and achieved 88 Dice overlap for the complete tumor region, 75 for the core tumor region and 95 for enhancing tumor region, which is higher than the Dice overlap reported.
Design and Topological Optimization of Wheel Hub
Authors: Tejas Dond  , Omkar Sutar  , Dnyanesh Shelke  , Rupesh Vable  , Dr. Srihari Notla
Published: May 2022

Optimizing automotive components can result in a significant reduction in vehicle weight, greater fuel efficiency and reduced environmental damage. The hub is the vehicle wheel mounting assembly that houses the wheel bearing and supports the terminals. A speed sensor and an ABS sensor are usually connected to the unit via an electrical connection in contemporary automobiles. The function of the wheel hub is to keep the wheel attached to the vehicle while allowing it to rotate freely in the bearing. Since the wheel hub is the only component that really connects the wheels to the vehicle, it is vital to pay special attention to it when optimizing the design. The CATIA software will be used to create a 3D model of the wheel hub. The stress and fatigue life of the wheel hub was calculated using finite element analysis software, then the weight was optimized. ANSYS software will be used to perform static and structural analysis.
Real Time Approach for Face Mask Detection using CNN
Authors: Mehul Shigvan  , Mrunal Sakunde  , Yash Jadhav
Published: May 2022

With the horizon still brim-full, effective solutions to contain the COVID-19 pandemic require close attention to reduce severely impacted communal health and worldwide economy. Many approaches are advised by WHO to manage the infection rate and avoid depleting the limited medical resources in the absence of effective antivirals and inadequate medical resources. Wearing a mask is one of the non- pharmaceutical interventions that can be utilised to reduce the principal source of SARS-CoV2 droplets ejected by an infected person. Regardless of debates about medical resources and mask varieties, all countries require public use of nose and mouth coverings. This strategy intends to develop a highly precise and real-time technique that can efficiently detect non- mask faces in public, hence mandating mask usage. For mask detection, the proposed strategy uses a convolutional neural network-based approach.
Elementos para o estudo da família léxica de foder à luz da semântica cognitiva sócio-histórica
Authors: Almeida A. Ariadne Domingues , Simões Neto Natival Almeida
Published: May 2022

Apresentam-se resultados de um estudo que objetivou compreender como dimensões da linguagem atuam na geração da família derivativa formada a partir da categoria foder. O estudo norteou-se por pressupostos da Linguística Cognitiva e da Linguística Histórica, realizou discussões interdisciplinares, a partir dos aportes da Semântica Cognitiva Sócio-histórica e, também, da Teoria da Complexidade, de modo que dialogou com autores como Booij (2017), Capra (1996) e Mattos e Silva (2008). No tocante à metodologia, o estudo foi desenvolvido através da abordagem qualitativa do corpus, formado por posts do Twitter, teve natureza exploratória, descritiva, interpretativa, histórica, comparativa e buscou compreender as ocorrências do corpus no contexto de uso, já que procurou descrever e entender seu uso e funcionamento. Concluído o trabalho, constatou-se que as novas categorias criadas com [[FODER]V X]Y podem ser polissêmicas e autoantonímicas e que a seleção metonímica atua na criação desse léxico.
Apresentação
Authors: Butturi Junior Atilio
Published: May 2022

Apresentação - v.19, n. 1, 2022
The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of men’s sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation): a review
Authors: Roostayi Mohammad Mohsen , Rahdar Nooshin
Published: May 2022

Sexual dysfunction in men is one of the issues that has an effect on the mental status, couples’ relationships, and their quality of life. In addition to the psychological and emotional disturbances that sexual dysfunction can cause, some physical attributes that induce problems are reduced joint mobility, changes in the tone and lack of control and rhythm of pelvic floor muscles, presence of trigger points in the pelvic area, reduced blood flow and pain in the genital area. Previous research has shown that, apart from the importance of psychological intervention, physical therapy, such as manual therapies, pelvic floor muscle tone regulation, performing specific aerobic exercises, raising the awareness of the patient, posture correction, improving mobility, and reducing pain, can have a significant impact on improving sexual function and quality of life in men. The purpose of this article is to introduce the role of physiotherapy in alleviating men’s sexual dysfunction.
The Problem of Error Frequency Distribution in the Miller-Rabin Test For Tripleprime Numbers
Authors: Zhumaniezov Alisher
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the error distribution of the Miller-Rabin test for the class of tripleprime numbers. At first the current results on the class of semiprimes are presented. Further, a theoretical estimation of the average frequency for triple prime numbers on an interval is derived, and a comparative analysis with a practical result is demonstrated. Graphs and intermediate conclusions accompany all comparisons. A conclusion is also made about a possible direction for improving this estimation.
Test Automation for Quality Assurance: A Random Approach
Authors: Court Paul , Al-Azzam Omar
Published: May 2022

Testing is a necessary, but sometimes tedious chore for finding faults in software. Finding faults is essential for ensuring quality and reliability of software for industry. These are valuable traits consumers consider when investing capital and therefore essential to the reputation and financial well-being of a business. This research involves an ongoing trade-off between time and computational resources when testing via random selection of test cases versus complex logical means to find faults. More time will be devoted to an analysis of random test case selection and whether the amount of extra test cases run due to random selection is a viable alternative to the potential time spent fully evaluating the logic for coverage of a generic predicate. The reader will gain knowledge about the expectations for the increase in test cases if randomized selection is employed at some point in the process of testing.
An Informational Space based Semantic Analysis for Scientific Texts
Authors: Suzen Neslihan , N. Gorban Alexander , Levesley Jeremy , M. Mirkes Evgeny
Published: May 2022

One major problem in Natural Language Processing is the automatic analysis and representation of human language. Human language is ambiguous and deeper understanding of semantics and creating human-to-machine interaction have required an effort in creating the schemes for act of communication and building common-sense knowledge bases for the ‘meaning’ in texts. This paper introduces computational methods for semantic analysis and the quantifying the meaning of short scientific texts. Computational methods extracting semantic feature are used to analyse the relations between texts of messages and ‘representations of situations’ for a newly created large collection of scientific texts, Leicester Scientific Corpus. The representation of scientific-specific meaning is standardised by replacing the situation representations, rather than psychological properties, with the vectors of some attributes: a list of scientific subject categories that the text belongs to. First, this paper introduces ‘Meaning Space’ in which the informational representation of the meaning is extracted from the occurrence of the word in texts across the scientific categories, i.e., the meaning of a word is represented by a vector of Relative Information Gain about the subject categories. Then, the meaning space is statistically analysed for Leicester Scientific Dictionary-Core and we investigate ‘Principal Components of the Meaning’ to describe the adequate dimensions of the meaning. The research in this paper conducts the base for the geometric representation of the meaning of texts.
A Wearable and Internet-Of-Things (IoT) Application for Sleep Detection and Lighting Control using AI and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ma William , Sun Yu
Published: May 2022

There are many apps that let you control hardwares with the application of the internet-of-thing today, however, I have seen none that lets you customly control the hardwares, most likely you can only use the few controls the developer of the hardware gives you, and there are very few auto control options. This paper designs an application to auto control the hardwares into desired state based on personal status detected [1]. We use a smart watch to detect the heart beat of the user and determine if they are asleep, and once they are asleep, we turn off a light switch in the user's room to create a total darkness environment. Much research done on sleeping quality shows that sleeping in total darkness gives much better sleeping quality, while many, out of fear or sleeping disorders, still leave little lights on when sleeping [3]. This software helps to give these people better sleeping quality with ease [2].
MỨC ĐỘ SỬ DỤNG CÁC LIỆU PHÁP TÂM LÝ TRỊ LIỆU CƠ BẢN CỦA CÁC CHUYÊN GIA TRỊ LIỆU TÂM LÝ TẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Phan Thị Cẩm Giang
Published: May 2022

Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu của tác giả ở 106 nhà trị liệu tâm lý Việt Nam về mức độ sử dụng các liệu pháp tâm lý cơ bản. Kết quả cho thấy, phần lớn các nhà trị liệu tâm lý đều biết đến các liệu pháp tâm lý và có các mức độ sử dụng từng liệu pháp là khác nhau tùy thuộc vào các yếu tố như môi trường trị liệu, vấn đề trị liệu, mục đích trị liệu và quan trọng nhất là năng lực của nhà trị liệu. Bài báo cũng đưa ra những đề xuất cơ bản đối với các nhà trị liệu, các cơ sở đào tạo và xã hội trong việc nâng cao nhận thức, khả năng và mức độ ứng dụng các liệu pháp tâm lý cơ bản trong xã hội Việt Nam, hướng đến một xã hội tự chữa lành các vấn đề tâm lý.
NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC TƯ DUY CHO SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÂN TRÀO TRONG HỌC TRỰC TUYẾN DƯỚI GÓC ĐỘ TRIẾT HỌC MÁC - LÊNIN
Authors: Phan Thị Hồng Nhung
Published: May 2022

Sự phản ánh lao động trong ý thức của con người, làm xuất hiện tư duy với tư cách là hệ tri thức hoạt động sản sinh ra tri thứ.  Do đó, để phát triển năng lực tư duy, phải bồi dưỡng và phát triển tính biện chứng của tư duy (khả năng nhận ra và thống nhất các mặt đối lập, mối liên hệ và sự chuyển hóa giữa các khái niệm, phạm trù; năng lực trừu tượng hóa, khái quát hóa, suy luận, theo quy luật biện chứng của tồn tại). Nâng cao năng lực tư duy không phải là mục đích tự thân mà là để giải quyết thành công những vấn đề thực tiễn.
VAI TRÒ CỦA NGƯỜI PHỤ NỮ TRONG PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ - XÃ HỘI TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Hoàng Thị Mỹ Hạnh , Lê Thị Anh
Published: May 2022

Trong suốt chiều dài lịch sử dân tộc, phụ nữ Việt Nam nói chung, phụ nữ tỉnh Thái Nguyên nói riêng đã có những đóng góp to lớn trong sự nghiệp đấu tranh giải phóng dân tộc xây dựng đất nước. Trong thời chiến, người phụ nữ là những chiến sĩ dũng cảm, trong thời bình họ là những anh hùng lao động cùng chung tay xây dựng đất nước ngày càng giàu đẹp. Đặc biệt, trong xu thế hội nhập và phát triển hiện nay, phụ nữ tiếp tục phát huy và khẳng định vai trò to lớn của mình đối với sự phát triển kinh tế - xã hội. Người phụ nữ đã tham gia vào tất cả các lĩnh vực kinh tế, chính trị, văn hoá, xã hội, an ninh quốc phòng..., khẳng định vai trò của mình trong gia đình và xã hội. Bài viết nghiên cứu về vai trò của phụ nữ tỉnh Thái Nguyên trong phát triển kinh tế tỉnh Thái Nguyên. Đây là một giai đoạn trong thời kì đổi mới mà phong trào phụ nữ Thái Nguyên có những bước đột phá mới và đạt được nhiều thành tựu quan trọng, góp phần vào quá trình phát triển kinh tế của tỉnh, qua đó, càng khẳng định vị trí, vai trò của người phụ nữ tỉnh Thái Nguyên trong thời kì đẩy mạnh công nghiệp hóa – hiện đại hóa đất nước và hội nhập quốc tế.
NÂNG CAO CHẤT LƯỢNG ĐÀO TẠO TRỰC TUYẾN TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC, ĐẠI HỌC THÁI NGUYÊN TRONG BỐI CẢNH DỊCH BỆNH COVID 19
Authors: Trần Thị Hồng , Vũ Thị Vân
Published: May 2022

Dịch bệnh Covid 19 có tác động mạnh mẽ đến mọi mặt đời sống xã hội của các quốc gia trên thế giới, trong đó có Việt Nam, giáo dục được xem là một trong những lĩnh vực chịu nhiều ảnh hưởng bởi nhiều trường học buộc phải dừng hoạt động dạy và học trực tiếp trên lớp để thay bằng hình thức dạy và học trực tuyến tại nhà nhằm hạn chế tối đa sự lây lan của dịch bệnh. Trước những thách thức này, Trường Đại học Khoa học, Đại học Thái Nguyên cũng đã triển khai hình thức dạy và học trực tuyến (online) nhằm ứng phó với diễn biến phức tạp của dịch bệnh Covid 19. Bài viết đã tập trung làm rõ thực trạng dạy và học trực tuyến tại Trường Đại học Khoa học, Đại học Thái Nguyên trong thời gian qua, đồng thời chỉ ra những khó khăn, thách thức trong quá trình đào tạo trực tuyến trên cơ sở đó đề xuất một số khuyến nghị góp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo trực tuyến tại Trường Đại học Khoa học, Đại học Thái Nguyên trong thời gian tới.
NHỮNG THẮNG LỢI QUÂN SỰ TRÊN SÔNG LÔ TRONG CHIẾN DỊCH VIỆT BẮC THU - ĐÔNG NĂM 1947
Authors: Hoàng Thị Thu Dung
Published: May 2022

Năm 1947, khi cuộc kháng chiến chống thực dân Pháp xâm lược của Việt Nam đã đạt được kết quả to lớn với thắng lợi của chiến dịch Việt Bắc thu - đông. Đây là thắng lợi chiến lược của quân - dân ta dưới sự lãnh đạo tài tình sáng suốt của Trung ương (TW) đảng và Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh. Chiến thắng  đã làm thất bại âm mưu “đánh nhanh thắng nhanh của thực dân Pháp”, đánh dấu sự thất bại của chúng trong tham vọng tiêu diệt bộ đội chủ lực và cơ quan đầu não kháng chiến của ta, buộc Pháp quay lại đánh lâu dài với ta. Chiến thắng Việt Bắc thu – đông năm 1947, mặt trận sông Lô có vai trò hết sức quan trọng. Những trận đánh trên sông Lô là những trận chiến tiêu biểu, có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong chiến dịch Việt Bắc thu - đông năm 1947, cũng như cuộc kháng chiến chống thực dân Pháp xâm lược.
Coors Is Trying to Destroy the Union
Authors: Brantley Allyson P.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the history of the Coors Brewing Company in the mid-twentieth century, as well as the company’s fraught relations with its employees and their unions in Colorado and California. In particular, this chapter details the 1957 strike at Coors by Brewery Workers Local Union No. 366; labor standoffs in California between Coors distributors and Teamsters; and the company’s increased surveillance of its workers and use of pre-employment polygraph tests in its operations by the 1960s. As Coors honed its own brand of anti-unionism, so too did workers and union members articulate their anti-Coors, pro-boycott arguments.
Oink!
Authors: Willett Julie
Published: May 2022

This Chapter looks at how the male chauvinist went from an epithet to a popular brand. Bobby Riggs, a middle-aged tennis player, and television’s most lovable patriarch and Archie Bunker were both infamous for their irreverent antifeminist stance in a battle of the sexes. Just as fun to hate as Archie Bunker was his real-life counterpart—a middle-aged tennis player who lost out to Billy Jean King on the tennis court in 1973 but remained a cultural icon. Like Bunker, Riggs and other MCP icons of the era turned the battle of the sexes into a comedic routine. The media’s distortion of feminism, something Ms. magazine founder and feminist icon, Gloria Steinem pointed out coupled with male bravado breathed life into the male chauvinist pig. As feminist humor was erased, the male chauvinist pig’s heterosexual prowess could sell everything from men’s shoes to neckties and other iconography.
Modern Conservatism’s Missing Link
Authors: Willett Julie
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the rise of conservative talk radio host Rush Limbaugh in the late 1980s and 90s who further transformed Modern Conservativism. The male chauvinist pig faded as an epithet but not his brand of humor. As conservatives came to represent the common man along with his wounded sense of nationalistic pride, Rush Limbaugh, the college dropout, stood in bold sharp contrast to limousine liberals and narcissistic feminists who put their careers before family. And with a single moniker—the feminazi—he further discredited feminism, turning his adversaries into a threat and a joke. It was not only feminists whose humor was being erased, however, but also liberals and progressives. For conservatives who considered themselves victims of feminism and the Left, a willingness to eschew political correctness was a breath of fresh air.
At Lenny Kohm’s Memorial
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

The prologue begins at the memorial service for Lenny Kohm and introduces his unlikely career as an activist. It explains how the author became increasingly fascinated with Kohm’s story and describes the research journey that led to this book. In 1987, Kohm’s life became entangled with the political battle over the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. For the next two decades, he presented The Last Great Wilderness slide show across the United States. Kohm was not a traditional wilderness advocate but instead learned from leaders of the Gwich’in Nation to view the Arctic Refuge debate as a fight for Indigenous rights and environmental justice. Like other refuge defenders, he applied the “trickle-up theory of politics”: encouraging grassroots audiences to take action so that their concerns would trickle-up to the national media and elected officials. The prologue introduces some of the other characters in the book—including Gwich’in leaders, scientists, photographers, and grassroots activists—and places the small, seemingly quiet story of the Last Great Wilderness show in broader contexts. This history complicates familiar critiques of wilderness, indicates the impact of grassroots activism, offers insight in environmental-Indigenous alliances, and demonstrates why visual culture scholars should study non-iconic images.
Glendon Brunk’s Epiphany
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

At almost the same moment Lenny Kohm had his epiphany, Glendon Brunk also had a life-changing experience on the North Slope of Alaska. Brunk grew up in a Mennonite family in the Midwest and moved to Alaska after becoming a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He then lived out what he described as a frontier fantasy: homesteading, building a cabin, and becoming a world champion dog musher. For a while, he was employed as a laborer on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and also conducted scientific research projects funded by the oil industry. Kohm and Brunk—a Jewish jazz drummer and a Mennonite mountain man—came from very different backgrounds, yet their paths converged in Sonoma in the fall of 1987. This chapter emphasizes what led Brunk to become an Arctic activist and contrasts his quest for frontier masculinity and emphasis on the traditional wilderness ideal with Kohm’s focus on Indigenous rights.
Delivering Bosco
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

When Lenny Kohm threw himself into the Arctic Refuge issue, he knew nothing about political activism. A Sierra Club lobbyist told him that his member of Congress—Doug Bosco, a Democrat representing California’s First District—had pro-development leanings. If Kohm wanted to help the campaign, the Sierra Club staffer said, he should try to “deliver Bosco.” During the fall of 1987, Kohm, Glendon Brunk, and others formed the Sonoma Coalition for the Arctic Refuge. After the Sonoma Coalition succeeded in delivering Bosco on a key vote, members decided to launch a national campaign. Unable to gain enough funding to produce a documentary film, they decided to put together a multimedia slide show, with a fade-dissolve unit and soundtrack featuring music and narration. In addition, the chapter discusses how Sonoma Coalition members—especially Kohm—built trust and solidarity with Gwich’in leaders such as Norma Kassi. Until the Sonoma Coalition came along, national environmental groups rarely emphasized the human rights issues at stake, let alone partnered with the Gwich’in in their campaigns.
The Little White Man Who Never Sleeps
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on Lenny Kohm’s visit to Norma Kassi’s family hunting camp in Crow Flats, a vast wetland area north of Old Crow, Yukon. Kassi invited him to visit in May 1988 to take pictures for the slide show and to learn about their lives on the land. While there, Kohm often accompanied and photographed Norma’s brother Danny Kassi and others engaged in subsistence and cultural activities. The chapter includes many different perspectives on Kohm and his photography, including stories shared by Norma Kassi and Lorraine Netro, both citizens of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation. These stories demonstrate how Kohm found a political cause and formed deep personal connections in Gwich’in country.
The Slide Show at the Art Farm
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

Members of the Sonoma Coalition for the Arctic Refuge assembled The Last Great Wilderness show during the final weeks of the 1988 presidential campaign. This election brought George H. W. Bush, an ardent supporter of oil drilling, into the White House. Coalition members met at Kohm’s studio, which was located in a Sonoma bohemian enclave—a former turkey farm known as the Art Farm. This chapter explains how coalition members channeled their artistic impulses into a political movement, applying the principles of do-it-yourself culture to participatory democracy. The chapter considers how they selected photographs, harmonized the pictures with the soundtrack, and used a fade/dissolve unit to create a sense of movement between the images.
Grassroots versus Goliath
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

This chapter traces how Lenny Kohm, Glendon Brunk, and the Sonoma Coalition for the Arctic Refuge gradually overcame skepticism to gain support from national and regional environmental groups, especially the Alaska Coalition, the Sierra Club, and the Northern Alaska Environmental Center. It explains how the slide show became a crucial part of the Arctic Refuge campaign—a grassroots effort to defeat the political Goliath comprised of the oil industry, the state of Alaska, and powerful politicians. It compares The Last Great Wilderness with previous examples of environmental slide shows, including Last Stand for the Tongass National Forest, produced by the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council. The chapter includes stories of how grassroots audiences responded to early tours and the impact of Gwich’in involvement in the presentations. It also explains what led Lenny Kohm to move to the area around Boone, North Carolina, where he resided for the last twenty-five years of his life.
Catastrophe and the Coalition of Conscience
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with the crash of the Exxon Valdez supertanker in March 1989. It explains how this catastrophic oil spill led to increased media coverage of Alaskan resource conflicts, including the ongoing debate over Arctic Refuge drilling. The Gwich’in Steering Committee encouraged reporters to visit their communities to find out how oil development would threaten their culture, identity, and food security. In addition, Gwich’in leaders broadened the coalition of conscience by gaining support from churches and faith groups. Beginning with the Episcopal Diocese of Alaska (followed by the national Episcopal Church), other religious groups became involved in the struggle, largely because of the human rights issues at stake. In this way, the Gwich’in built diverse alliances and gained more public support for refuge protection.
How the Refuge Survived the W. Years
Authors: Dunaway Finis
Published: May 2022

This chapter explains how grassroots activism influenced pivotal votes in Congress and stopped Arctic Refuge drilling from being approved during the presidency of George W. Bush. It features a wide range of activists, including Leanne Allison and Karsten Heuer who followed the Porcupine caribou herd from Old Crow, Yukon, to the Arctic Refuge and back—a story told in the documentary film Being Caribou. The chapter emphasizes the impact of grassroots visual culture—including Being Caribou screening parties and slide show and film tours by Subhankar Banerjee, Jeffrey Barrie, Lenny Kohm, and Ken Madsen—in galvanizing public support for refuge protection. While the chapter focuses on the narrow time frame of political history, it also reflects on the longer history of Indigenous protection of Arctic lands that made possible the individual epiphanies of visitors to their lands. Indigenous agency directly shaped the forms of activism adopted by Allison, Banerjee, Barrie, Heuer, Kohm, Madsen and other non-Indigenous refuge defenders.
He Is a Gentleman and an Old Soldier
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

Meade’s birth, early life, education, marriage, family, and his military career up to June 28, 1863. General Robert E. Lee’s army was moving north toward Pennsylvania. The reputation of General Hooker in the wake of his defeat at Chancellorsville and his recrossing of the Rappahannock called for him to be replaced. The movements of Hooker’s Army of the Potomac, protecting Washington and keeping pace with the enemy, however, were sound.
As a Soldier, I Obey It
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

President Lincoln and General Halleck ordered Meade to take command of the Army of the Potomac. Efforts taken by Lincoln and Halleck in response to Hooker’s insubordination were calculated to assure them that Hooker would leave the army and Meade would be the commander of it whether Meade wanted command or not. Lieutenant Colonel James A. Hardie journeys from Washington to Frederick by rail to give Meade the orders naming him commander of the Army of the Potomac on June 28. Meade at first refuses to take command, but Hardie tells him the orders are peremptory. Meade acquiesces, and the two of them ride to Hooker’s headquarters at Prospect Hall where Hardie informs Hooker he is relieved of command.
My Intention Now Is to Move Tomorrow
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

Meade assesses the needs of the army in terms of shoes, clothing, food, fodder, and other necessities and finds serious shortages. He finds that he lacks topographical information about the area to which he must move the army and is provided with what were called residential maps that provide only the roads, towns and streams of the counties the army would have to march through in order to confront the enemy. Meade is informed of Confederate destruction of his rail and telegraph lines to Frederick. With limited communications and virtually no subsistence and quartermaster stores, Meade determines to move north close to enemy positions, and establish a supply base at Westminster to obtain needed supplies.
Reynolds Has Been Killed
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

Meade, whose headquarters is near Taneytown, Maryland, issues the Pipe Creek Circular on the early afternoon of July 1, informing each corps commander precisely where each corps was to fall back to the Pipe Creek line if attacked. Meade was then notified by a courier that General Reynolds is killed or badly wounded. He first called for General Warren, his chief engineer, to ride to Gettysburg to assess the situation. He then called for General Winfield S. Hancock, commander of the Second Corps that had just arrived at Taneytown from Uniontown, to turn over command of his corps to General John Gibbon and proceed to Gettysburg, eleven miles north, to determine the situation there and advise the army commander as to whether he should move the whole army to Gettysburg. What Hancock found as he neared Gettysburg, was that the First and Eleventh Corps had been routed after suffering tremendous casualties, and their refugees, had fled to a defense line that had been previously established by General Howard along Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill, using one of his divisions and three batteries of artillery.
Throw Your Whole Corps at That Point
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

Before Meade left the Leister house to confer with Sickles, he ordered General Sykes to bring his Fifth Corps from the right flank to the left. After conferring with Sickles, Meade directed General Warren to make sure Little Round Top was occupied. Sickles’s Third Corps was under attack by two divisions of General James Longstreets’s Confederate corps. Sykes brought his Fifth Corps to the left flank as rapidly as possible.
General Warren directed two brigades of the Fifth Corps to positions on Little Round Top. Meade met General Sykes along the Wheatfield Road and instructed him to direct General James Barnes’s division into a prominent Wheatfield to bolster the center of Sickles’s imperiled lines.
Trying to Find a Safe Place
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

The morning of July 3 began with a successful attack directed against Confederate positions along what were, formerly, trench lines held by the Twelfth Corps, by brigades from the Sixth and Twelfth Corps that Meade had shuffled back to the Baltimore Pike. But Meade also had concerns about an attack he believed the Confederates would launch against the center of his lines on July 3, and he positioned brigades from the First, Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps along Cemetery Ridge and in supporting positions nearby to address that probability. Indeed, after a ferocious artillery bombardment, three Confederate divisions attacked the center of Meade’s lines around midafternoon only to be repulsed with heavy losses. Because the artillery bombardment damaged the Leister house, Meade wound up briefly directing the army from temporary headquarters on the Baltimore Pike, although he returned to the center of the army just after the fighting ended.
Epilogue
Authors: Brown Kent Masterson
Published: May 2022

Meade became the subject of criticism because of the perception in Washington, from the political leaders, that he had “allowed” Lee to escape. Far from Meade’s own base of supply, the Army of the Potomac’s commanders could not attack Lee, given the terrain they faced and Lee’s formidable defenses. Likewise, Meade believed that his army was not capable of successfully attacking those defenses, due to its lack of food, clothing, shoes, and other necessary supplies. Meade’s victory at Gettysburg would be jeopardized by a loss against Lee, whose army was well-equipped and well-organized as it retreated into Virginia.
Against Sex
Authors: French Kara M.
Published: May 2022

How much sex should a person have? With whom? What do we make of people who choose not to have sex at all? As present as these questions are today, they were subjects of intense debate in the early American republic. In this richly textured history, Kara French investigates ideas about, and practices of, sexual restraint to better understand the sexual dimensions of American identity in the antebellum United States. French considers three groups of Americans—Shakers, Catholic priests and nuns, and followers of sexual reformer Sylvester Graham—whose sexual abstinence provoked almost as much social, moral, and political concern as the idea of sexual excess. Examining private diaries and letters, visual culture and material artifacts, and a range of published works, French reveals how people practicing sexual restraint became objects of fascination, ridicule, and even violence in nineteenth-century American culture.
Introduction
Authors: French Kara M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with accounts of mob violence in the early nineteenth century against the three groups that are the focus of the book—Shakers, members of Catholic religious orders, and followers of the sexual reformer Sylvester Graham. Criticisms of their controversial sexual practices figured prominently in each attack. The introduction further defines sexual restraint as a spectrum of sexual behaviors centered on celibacy and chastity as practiced by these groups. It places sexual restraint in conversation with the emergence of other sexual identities. The origins of these three groups within the early American republic and their relationship to the Second Great Awakening and the emergence of the Protestant middle class is also explored.
Breaking and Remaking the Family
Authors: French Kara M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines how people in Shaker Villages, Catholic convents and seminaries, and Grahamite reform societies created alternative relationships when freed from the script of traditional marriage. In joining these communities, individuals were required to “come out” to their families of origin and made public the private nature of their (a)sexuality. While “particular friendships” between members of the same sex were warned against in seminaries and convents, Shakers believed homosocial bonds to be superior to heterosexual marriage. Grahamites strove to create more equitable marriages which gave wives greater sexual autonomy in regulating the couple’s sex life. Moreover, all three groups explored new types of family arrangements and allowed for platonic relationships between men and women to flourish independent of either the expectation of marriage or the spectre of seduction. In many ways, such friendships anticipated our modern ideas about cross-gender friendship—that men and women can be colleagues and work partners without being in a sexual relationship.
Performing Sexual Restraint
Authors: French Kara M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter showcases how gender disorder, sexual distinctiveness, and consumption were expressed through performance and tourism. Intrigued by what they had read in pamphlets, books, and newspapers, non-celibate Americans went to see these identities embodied. Shaker Villages and Catholic convents became some of North America’s earliest popular tourist attractions. Criticism mingled with curiosity when spectators watched Shakers dance or saw nuns take the veil. Just as nineteenth- century white Americans interpreted and consumed racial difference in the form of blackface minstrelsy, sexual difference was also something to be performed and commodified within the emerging culture industry.
Thirteen Clocks
Authors: Parkinson Robert G.
Published: May 2022

Thirteen Clocks is about how the founding fathers mobilized political authority and military resistance to defeat their cultural cousins. This study examines how a discourse evolved delineating friends and enemies in the hopes of garnering support in the first year of the Revolutionary War. It focuses on how, through print, patriot leaders propagated certain representations they thought would resonate with a wide colonial audience. Because they had to make the familiar alien, those depictions centered on projecting representations of the British as the equals of dangerous populations within colonial society. To accomplish this vital, difficult task, they embraced the most powerful weapons in the colonial cultural arsenal: stereotypes, prejudices, expectations, and fears about violent Indians and Africans. This book is about the “dark side” of the common cause appeal, that America’s fight for independence was also a fight against the King’s assistants, namely Indians and the enslaved. Printed stories about Indians and slaves fighting with the British were the basis for much of the explanations patriot leaders gave for why Americans must resist, most importantly in the final grievance of the Declaration of Independence. They were the initial cement of the American union. Those stories then became codified in the first inchoate conceptions of what it meant to belong to the new American republic. The cultural and political exclusion of African Americans and Indians from the rights of American citizens started at the founding itself. The American creation of race and nation were inextricably intertwined from the very start of the American Revolution.
Introduction
Authors: Parkinson Robert G.
Published: May 2022

On a winter’s day in 1818, an eighty-three-year-old John Adams sat down at his desk in Quincy, Massachusetts, to compose what would become one of the most important reflections on the American Revolution. He was writing to Hezekiah Niles, publisher of the prominent political magazine ...
The Long Odds against American Unity in the 1770s
Authors: Parkinson Robert G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines all the forces that threatened the prospect of the thirteen colonies coming together in one union in the first half of the 1770s. Those included simmering fighting between colonies over boundary disputes, and internal fighting in several colonies. Slavery was a serious fault line, with some colonists seeing the controversy with Britain as an opportunity to end the slave trade and others fearful that Britain was looking to emancipate slaves after the celebrated Somerset case. Loyalist writers also came alive in the fall of 1774, making a serious political counterargument that threatened to diminish patriot majorities. British authorities thought that there was no conceivable way the American colonies could overlook all these issues that divided them; they were right to think this way. The odds against the colonies working together were getting even longer in the 1770s.