bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mandibular condylar hypoplasia in children with isolated unilateral congenital aural atresia
Authors: Halle Tyler R. , Todd N. Wendell , Soares Bruno P.
Published: July 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

We hypothesized that children with isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia have subclinical mandibular condylar hypoplasia ipsilateral to the atretic ear, and that the Jahrsdoerfer score is associated with the degree of condylar hypoplasia.

Study Design

Retrospective self‐controlled case series.

Methods

We reviewed high‐resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bones of 68 children with isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia. Images were viewed in the transverse (axial) plane perpendicular to the axis of the mandibular ramus and scanned from the mandibular notch to the condylar top. The slice where the condyle had the largest cross‐sectional area was measured and checked for correlation with atresia status, age, and sex. The Jahrsdoerfer score of the atretic ear was calculated and correlated with condyle cross‐sectional area, age, and sex.

Results

Cross‐sectional area of the condyle ipsilateral to the atretic ear was, on average, 8.41 mm2 smaller than the contralateral condyle (P < .0001). The Jahrsdoerfer score was not associated with the condylar cross‐sectional area, age, or sex.

Conclusion

Isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia is associated with mild hypoplasia of the mandibular condyle ipsilateral to the atretic ear. This is consistent with the hypothesis that congenital aural atresia is a variant of craniofacial (hemifacial) microsomia.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:1191–1195, 2018
Uptake of Retinoic Acid‐Modified PMMA Nanoparticles in LX‐2 and Liver Tissue by Raman Imaging and Intravital Microscopy
Authors: Yildirim Turgay , Matthäus Christian , Press Adrian T. , Schubert Stephanie , Bauer Michael , Popp Jürgen , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: July 2017

A primary amino‐functionalized methyl methacrylate‐based statistical copolymer is covalently coupled with retinoic acid (RA) and a fluorescent dye (DY590) in order to investigate the feasibility of the RA containing polymeric nanoparticles for Raman imaging studies and to study the possible selectivity of RA for hepatic stellate cells via intravital microscopy. Cationic nanoparticles are prepared by utilizing the nanoprecipitation method using modified polymers. Raman studies show that RA functional nanoparticles can be detectable in all tested cells without any need of additional label. Moreover, intravital microscopy indicates that DY590 is eliminated through the hepatobiliary route but not if used as covalently attached tracing molecule for nanoparticles. However, it is a suitable probe for sensitive detection of polymeric nanoparticles.
Functional Cross‐Linked Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Truong Yen Bach , Choi Jonghyun , Mardel James , Gao Yuan , Maisch Sabrina , Musameh Mustafa , Kyratzis Ilias Louis
Published: July 2017

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water soluble polymer that requires further treatment to be stabilized before it can be used in aqueous environments. Electrospun PVA is cross‐linked by incorporating cross‐linking agents directly into the electrospinning solution followed by post‐electrospinning thermal treatments to attain stability in aqueous environments. Previously published works on post‐treatments include glutaraldehyde vapor exposure or soaking in organic solvents such as ethanol. However, these treatments incur lots of difficulties and hazards especially in scale production. In this study, with a view of imminent scale‐up production required, fabricating electrospun cross‐linked PVA is investigated without using catalysts, toxic vapor exposure, or solvent treatment. To produce cross‐linked electrospun PVA membranes, citric acid, maleic acid, and polyacrylic acid are, respectively, added to PVA solution prior to electrospinning. Two potential applications are examined; the first is to use the membranes as produced for metal uptake in aqueous systems. The second application is for ammonia adsorption after decorating the membranes with a metal organic framework, copper benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (HKUST‐1).

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Anti‐prostate cancer potential of gossypetin via inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death
Authors: Lee Ming‐Shih , Tsai Chia‐Wen , Wang Chi‐Ping , Chen Jing‐Hsien , Lin Hui‐Hsuan
Published: July 2017

Gossypetin (GTIN), a naturally occurring hexahydroxy flavone, has been shown to possess antimutagenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiatherosclerotic effects. Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the anticancer potential of GTIN. In this study, investigations were showed that GTIN preferentially induces programed cell death of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro and in vivo. MTT data showed that GTIN exhibited the anti‐proliferation effect on human PCa cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Among two kinds of PCa cells, androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells were the most susceptible to GTIN. GTIN was evaluated for apoptotic and autophagic activities in LNCaP cells, but not in androgen‐independent DU145 cells with mutant Atg5 and resistant to autophagy. Molecular data showed the apoptotic effect of GTIN at a high dose in PCa cells might be mediated via mitochondrial pathway. The lower dose of GTIN‐induced autophagy enhances LNCaP cell death, and is dependent on class III PI3K and Atg5 pathway. Finally, GTIN was evidenced by its inhibition on the growth of LNCaP cells in xenograft tumor studies. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of GTIN as an inducer of apoptotic and autophagic cell death in LNCaP cells, and provide a new mechanism for its anticancer activity.
Discriminating Agonist from Antagonist Ligands of the Nuclear Receptors Using Different Chemoinformatics Approaches
Authors: Lagarde Nathalie , Delahaye Solenne , Jérémie Aurore , Ben Nasr Nesrine , Guillemain Hélène , Empereur‐mot Charly , Laville Vincent , Labib Taoufik , Réau Manon , Langenfeld Florent , Zagury Jean‐François , Montes Matthieu
Published: July 2017

Nuclear receptors (NRs) constitute an important class of therapeutic targets. During the last 4 years, we tackled the pharmacological profile assessment of NR ligands for which we constructed the NRLiSt BDB. We evaluated and compared the performance of different virtual screening approaches: mean of molecular descriptor distribution values, molecular docking and 3D pharmacophore models. The simple comparison of the distribution profiles of 4885 molecular descriptors between the agonist and antagonist datasets didn′t provide satisfying results. We obtained an overall good performance with the docking method we used, Surflex‐Dock which was able to discriminate agonist from antagonist ligands. But the availability of PDB structures in the “pharmacological‐profile‐to‐predict‐bound‐state” (agonist‐bound or antagonist‐bound) and the availability of enough ligands of both pharmacological profiles constituted limits to generalize this protocol for all NRs. Finally, the 3D pharmacophore modeling approach, allowed us to generate selective agonist pharmacophores and selective antagonist pharmacophores that covered more than 99 % of the whole NRLiSt BDB. This study allowed a better understanding of the pharmacological modulation of NRs with small molecules and could be extended to other therapeutic classes.
Geometric structure of the joint N‐voM distribution manifold and its applications to sensor networks
Authors: Xu Hao , Sun Huafei , Zhang Tong
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the geometric structure for normal distribution manifold, von Mises distribution manifold and their joint distribution manifold are firstly given by the metric, curvature, and divergence, respectively. Furthermore, the active detection with sensor networks is presented by a classical measurement model based on metric manifold, and the information resolution is presented for the range and angle measurements sensor networks. The preliminary analysis results introduced in this paper indicate that our approach is able to offer consistent and more comprehensive means to understand and solve sensor network problems containing sensors management and target detection, which are not easy to be handled by conventional analysis methods.
Geometric algebras for uniform colour spaces
Authors: Hrdina Jaroslav , Vašík Petr , Matoušek Radomil , Návrat Aleš
Published: July 2017

We show the advantages and disadvantages of specific geometric algebras and propose practical implementations in colorimetry. The colour space CIEL∗a∗b∗ is endowed by an Euclidean metric; the neighbourhood of a point is therefore a sphere, and the choice of a conformal geometric algebra is thus obvious. For the colour space CMC(l:c), the neighbourhood is an ellipsoid and thus we choose the quadric geometric algebra to linearize the metric by means of the scalar product. We discuss the distance problems in colour spaces with these particular geometric algebras applied.
Transient receptor potential a1 (TRPA1) agonists inhibit contractions of the isolated human ureter
Authors: Weinhold Philipp , Hennenberg Martin , Strittmatter Frank , Stief Christian G. , Gratzke Christian , Hedlund Petter
Published: July 2017

Aims

Mechanoafferent and peristaltic mechanisms of the human ureter involve transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1)‐ and purinoceptor‐mediated functions. Hydrogen sulphide, an endogenous TRPA1 ligand, is linked to inhibitory neurotransmission of the pig ureter. No information is available on TRPA1 activity in the human ureter. We therefore examined the distribution and function of TRPA1 in the human ureter.

Methods

Expression of TRPA1 in human ureter tissue was studied by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The TRPA1 distribution was compared to TRPV1, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vimentin. Effects of the TRPA1 agonists allyl isothiocyanate (AI), cinnamaldehyde (CA), sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), and capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) on human ureter preparations were studied in organ baths.

Results

By Western blot, bands were detected at the expected molecular weight for TRPA1. TRPA1‐ and TRPV1‐immunoreactivities were located on CGRP‐positive nerves, but not on TH‐positive nerves. TRPA1 was also located in vimentin‐positive interstitial cells. In functional experiments, neither of the TRPA1‐agonists (1‐100 μM) had any direct effects on ureter tension (baseline/potassium‐induced contractions). However, CA, AI, NaHS, and capsaicin (10 μM) decreased (P < 0.01‐0.05) tetrodotoxin‐sensitive electrically induced (2,4,8,16,32 Hz) contractions. Inhibitory activities were 50‐61% (CA), 30‐56% (AI), 30‐40% (NaHS), and 37‐67% (Capsaicin).

Conclusions

In the human ureter, TRPA1 is located to sensory nerves and interstitial cells. TRPA1 agonists inhibited electrically induced contractions but had no direct effect on smooth muscle tension of the human ureter. A role for TRPA1 in modulating neurotransmission and possibly peristalsis of the human ureter is proposed.
Aesthetic considerations for the min‐max K‐Windy Rural Postman Problem
Authors: Corberán Ángel , Golden Bruce , Lum Oliver , Plana Isaac , Sanchis José M.
Published: July 2017

The aesthetic quality of routes is a feature of route planning that is of practical importance, but receives relatively little attention in the literature. Several practitioners have pointed out that the visual appeal of a proposed set of routes can have a strong influence on the willingness of a client to accept or reject a specific routing plan. While some work has analyzed algorithmic performance relative to traditional min‐sum or min‐max objective functions and aesthetic objective functions, we are not aware of any work that has considered a multi‐objective approach. This work considers a multi‐objective variant of the Min‐Max K‐Vehicles Windy Rural Postman Problem, discusses several formulations of the problem, and presents computational experiments with a heuristic algorithm. After exploring several formulations, we choose to study the problem with a bi‐objective function that includes contributions from the route overlap index and average task distance aesthetic measures. The heuristic extends the cluster‐first procedure presented in Lum et al. (Networks 69 (2017), 290–303) by incorporating the new objective function into the improvement phase and adding a perturbation routine. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 70(3), 216–232 2017
Mild Reductive Functionalization of Amides into N‐Sulfonylformamidines
Authors: Trillo Paz , Slagbrand Tove , Tinnis Fredrik , Adolfsson Hans
Published: July 2017

The development of a protocol for the reductive functionalization of amides into N‐sulfonylformamidines is reported. The one‐pot procedure is based on a mild catalytic reduction of tertiary amides into the corresponding enamines by the use of Mo(CO)6 (molybdenum hexacarbonyl) and TMDS (1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane). The formed enamines were allowed to react with sulfonyl azides to give the target compounds in moderate to good yields.
Tunneln am Quantenlimit
Authors: Ast Christian R.
Published: July 2017

Die Quantenmechanik hat faszinierende Konsequenzen. Zum Beispiel kann ein kleiner Strom durch zwei Elektroden fließen, auch wenn sie sich nicht berühren. Solange sich ihre Wellenfunktionen gerade noch überlappen, können Elektronen durch den Zwischenraum tunneln. Der Tunneleffekt wird noch quantenmechanischer, wenn man bis auf Temperaturen sehr nahe am absoluten Nullpunkt abkühlt. Dann offenbaren die tunnelnden Elektronen ihre Quantennatur: Der Strom fließt nicht mehr wie Wasser durch einen Wasserhahn sondern rieselt wie Sand durch eine Sanduhr. Teil 1 des Zweiteilers behandelt die Grundlagen.
Jim Knopf und die wilde Physik
Authors: Lohse Thomas
Published: July 2017

Michael Endes Geschichte um Jim Knopf hat viele Anknüpfungspunkte an die klassische und moderne Physik. Die Beispiele reichen vom Archimedischen Prinzip, das der schwimmenden Lokomotive Emma Auftrieb gibt, über die Region der schwarzen Felsen als schwarze Strahler bis hin zu den beiden magnetischen Monopolen im Magnetberg. Diese sind ebenso Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung wie Gravitationslinsen. Letztere stellen eine kosmische Variante der Fata Morgana dar, die Jim Knopf und Lukas in der Wüste am Ende der Welt narrt. Dies ist nur eine kleine Auswahl der physikalisch inspirierten Ideen in Endes Büchern.
Wissenschaft aus der Provence
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: July 2017

Geboren wird er in einem malerischen Bergdörfchen in der Provence, 700 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel, in eine Bauernfamilie. Heute hat der Ort 842 Einwohner, damals viel weniger. Einer der Wenigen ist der Priester, der Onkel des Gesuchten. Ein Glück für den Jungen – bei ihm lernt er Lesen und Schreiben.
Use of N‐methyliminodiacetic acid boronate esters in suzuki‐miyaura cross‐coupling polymerizations of triarylamine and fluorene monomers
Authors: Foster Andrew B. , Bagutski Viktor , Ayuso‐Carrillo Josue I. , Humphries Martin J. , Ingleson Michael J. , Turner Michael L.
Published: July 2017

Polytriarylamine copolymers can be prepared by Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of bis N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronate ester substituted arylamines with dibromo arenes. The roles of solvent composition, temperature, reaction time, and co‐monomer structure were examined and (co)polymers prepared containing 9, 9‐dioctylfluorene (F8), 4‐sec‐butyl or 4‐octylphenyl diphenyl amine (TFB), and N, N′‐bis(4‐octylphenyl)‐N, N′‐diphenyl phenylenediamine (PTB) units, using a Pd(OAc)2/2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2′,6′‐dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) catalyst system. The performance of a di‐functionalized MIDA boronate ester monomer was compared with that of an equivalent pinacol boronate ester. Higher molar mass polymers were produced from reactions starting with a difunctionalized pinacol boronate ester monomer than the equivalent difunctionalized MIDA boronate ester monomer in biphase solvent mixtures (toluene/dioxane/water). Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopic analysis revealed that polymeric structures rich in residues associated with the starting MIDA monomer were present, suggesting that homo‐coupling of the boronate ester must be occurring to the detriment of cross‐coupling in the step‐growth polymerization. However, when comparable reactions of the two boronate monomers with a dibromo fluorene monomer were completed in a single phase solvent mixture (dioxane + water), high molar mass polymers with relatively narrow distribution ranges were obtained after only 4 h of reaction. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2798–2806
Does age matter? Comparing post‐treatment psychosocial outcomes in young adult and older adult cancer survivors with their cancer‐free peers
Authors: Lang Michael J. , Giese‐Davis Janine , Patton Scott B. , Campbell David J.T.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Adolescents and young adult cancer survivors (AYA) are a unique subpopulation with high levels of distress and unmet need. To date, studies have not disentangled distress due to developmental life stage from distress due to cancer survivorship. This population‐based study allowed a direct comparison between AYA cancer survivors, older adult (OA) cancer survivors, and their cancer‐free peers.

Methods

We combined 4 annual cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2007‐2010) to obtain a final sample of 239 316 respondents. We dichotomized the total sample into AYA (15‐39 years, n = 83 770) and OA (40+, n = 155 546). Two standardized questions identified cancer survivors (n = 14 592). The self‐reported outcomes of interest included self‐perceived health and mental health, and health care professional diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders. We used weighted logistic regression models to examine for associations, including an interaction term to assess for effect modification by age.

Results

After adjusting for confounders, cancer survivorship in AYAs was strongly associated with higher prevalence of both mood (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.44‐2.77) and anxiety (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.70‐2.86) disorders as compared to their cancer‐free peers. OA survivors had a weaker association in the same direction (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01‐1.21 and OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02‐1.30, respectively). AYA cancer survivors reported higher levels of poor self‐perceived mental health than their cancer‐free peers (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03‐2.14), while there was no significant difference from cancer‐free peers for OAs (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92‐1.15).

Conclusions

AYA cancer survivors experience a significantly higher risk of psychosocial distress than both their cancer‐free peers and OA survivors.
Efficacy of mycophenolate on lung disease and autoimmunity in children with immunodeficiency
Authors: Bucciol Giorgia , Petrone Angelamaria , Putti Maria Caterina
Published: July 2017

The autoimmune manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies, such as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), often constitute a great therapeutic challenge and have a significant impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality. The most common autoimmune presentations are autoimmune cytopenias, but organ‐related autoimmunity is also frequently observed. From a pulmonology perspective, granulomatous/lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a severe immunological complication which significantly worsens the clinical outcome of these patients and for which there are currently few guidelines or protocols for treatment. We present three cases where the use of Mycophenolate in the context of autoimmune cytopenias proved beneficial also on the lung disease.
Emerging roles of transit‐amplifying cells in tissue regeneration and cancer
Authors: Zhang Bing , Hsu Ya‐Chieh
Published: July 2017

Most regenerative tissues employ transit‐amplifying cells (TACs) that are positioned in between stem cells and differentiated progeny. In a classical hierarchical model, stem cells undergo limited divisions to produce TACs, which then proliferate rapidly to expand the system and produce diverse differentiated cell types. Although TACs are indispensable for generating tissues, they have been largely viewed as a transit point between stem cells and downstream lineages. Studies in the past few years, however, have revealed some fascinating biology and unanticipated functions of TACs. In the hair follicle, recent findings have placed TACs as key players in tissue regeneration by coordinating tissue production, governing stem cell behaviors, and instructing niche remodeling. In the hematopoietic system, rather than being transient, some TACs may participate in long‐term hematopoiesis under steady state. Here, we compare and summarize recent discoveries about TACs in the hair follicle and the hematopoietic system. We also discuss how TACs of these two tissues contribute to the formation of cancer. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e282. doi: 10.1002/wdev.282

This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease
The role of cyclone clustering during the stormy winter of 2013/2014
Authors: Priestley Matthew D. K. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Dacre Helen F. , Shaffrey Len C.
Published: July 2017

The winter season of 2013/2014 was the stormiest on record for the British Isles. In this article we show that there was an unprecedented amount of cyclone clustering during this season, corresponding to an average of one intense cyclone affecting the country every 2.5 days. An intensely clustered period from 6 to 13 February 2014 that was associated with one specific cyclone family is analysed in detail. This cyclone family is shown to be associated with a strong and straight upper level jet that is flanked by Rossby wave breaking on both its northern and southern sides for the duration of the clustering event. This mechanism is also identified for other periods in this season. The persistence of these conditions resulted in the clustered cyclone activity, and it was accompanied by record‐breaking rainfall, widespread flooding and large socio‐economic losses.
Choosing between Higher and Lower Resolution Microarrays: do Pregnant Women Have Sufficient Knowledge to Make Informed Choices Consistent with their Attitude?
Authors: van der Steen S. L. , Bunnik E. M. , Polak M. G. , Diderich K. E. M. , Verhagen‐Visser J. , Govaerts L. C. P. , Joosten M. , Knapen M. F. C. M. , Go A. T. J. I. , Van Opstal D. , Srebniak M. I. , Galjaard R. J. H. , Tibben A. , Riedijk S. R.
Published: July 2017

Developments in prenatal testing allow the detection of more findings. SNP arrays in prenatal diagnosis (PND) can be analyzed at 0.5 Mb resolution detecting more clinically relevant anomalies, or at 5 Mb resolution. We investigated whether women had sufficient knowledge to make informed choices regarding the scope of their prenatal test that were consistent with their attitude. Pregnant women could choose between testing at 5 or at 0.5 Mb array. Consenting women (N = 69) received pre‐test genetic counseling by phone and filled out the Measure of Informed Choice questionnaire designed for this study. Choices based on sufficient knowledge and consistent with attitude were considered informed. Sixty‐two percent of the women made an adequately informed choice, based on sufficient knowledge and attitude‐consistent with their choice of microarray resolution. Women who made an informed choice, opted for 0.5 Mb array resolution more often. There were no differences between women making adequately informed or less informed choices regarding level of experienced anxiety or doubts. Over time on T0 and T1, anxiety and doubts significantly decreased. While previous studies demonstrated that knowledge is an important component in informed decision‐making, this study underlines that a consistent attitude might be equally important for decision‐making. We advocate more focus on attitude‐consistency and deliberation as compared to only a strong focus on knowledge.
Remote mood monitoring for adults with bipolar disorder: An explorative study of compliance and impact on mental health service use and costs
Authors: Simon J. , Budge K. , Price J. , Goodwin G.M. , Geddes J.R.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Remote monitoring of mood disorders may be an effective and low resource option for patient follow-up, but relevant evidence remains very limited. This study explores real-life compliance and health services impacts of mood monitoring among patients with bipolar disorder in the UK.

Methods:

Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder who were registered users of the True Colours monitoring system for at least 12 months at study assessment were included in this retrospective cohort study (n = 79). Compliance was measured as the proportion of valid depression and mania scale messages received in comparison to their expected numbers over the first 12 months of monitoring. Mental health service use data were extracted from case notes, costed using national unit costs, and compared 12 months before (pre-TC period) and 12 months after (TC period) patients’ engagement with monitoring. Associations with relevant patient factors were investigated in a multiple regression model.

Results:

Average compliance with monitoring was 82%. Significant increases in the annual use and costs of psychiatrist contacts and total mental health services were shown for patients newly referred to the clinic during the pre-TC period but not for long-term patients of the clinic. Psychiatric medication costs increased significantly between the pre-TC and TC periods (£ 235, P = 0.005) unrelated to patients’ referral status.

Conclusions:

Remote mood monitoring has good compliance among consenting patients with bipolar disorder. We found no associations between observed changes in mental health service costs and the introduction of monitoring except for the increase in psychiatric medication costs.
Establishing an autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant program in nations with emerging economies
Authors: Chaudhri Naeem A. , Aljurf Mahmoud , Almohareb Fahad I. , Alzahrani Hazzaa A. , Bashir Qaiser , Savani Bipin , Gupta Vikas , Hashmi Shahrukh K.
Published: July 2017

More than 70,000 hematopoietic cell transplants are currently performed each year, and these continue to increase every year. However, there is a significant variation in the number of absolute transplants and transplant rates between centers, countries, and global regions. The prospect for emerging countries to develop a hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) program, as well as to decide on whether autologous HCT (auto-HCT) or allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT) should be established to start with, relies heavily on factors that can explain differences between these two procedures. Major factors that will influence a decision about establishing the type of HCT program are macroeconomic factors such as organization of the healthcare network, available resources and infrastructure. Prevalence of specific diseases in the region as well genetic background of donors and recipients will also influence the mandate or priority of the HCT in the national healthcare plan to explain some of the country-specific differences. Furthermore, microeconomic factors play a role, such as center-specific experience in treating various disorders requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, along with accreditation status and patient volume. The objective of the transplant procedure was to improve the survival anc quality of life of patients. The regional difference that one notices in emerging countries about the higher number of allo-HCT compared with auto-HCT procedures performed is primarily based on suboptimal healthcare network in treating various malignant disorders that are the primary indication for auto-stem cell transplantation. In this context, nonmalignant disorders such as bone marrow failure syndromes, inherited genetic disorders and hemoglobinopathies have become the major indication for stem cell transplantation. Better understanding of these factors will assist in establishing new transplant centers in the emerging countries to achieve their specific objectives and positive outcome.
Complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Omrani Ali S. , Almaghrabi Reem S.
Published: July 2017

Bacterial infections remain a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially in the pre-engraftment phase. The risk of bacterial infections is mainly related to neutropenia, mucositis, and the presence of vascular lines. Most parts of the world have witnessed a shift in epidemiology toward Gram-negative bacteria; a large proportion of which are resistant to fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum beta-lactams, carbapenems, and in some units even colistin. Meticulous infection control practices are essential for prevention of bacterial infections in HSCT. The role of routine prophylactic antibiotics is limited in settings with high rates of bacterial resistance. If used, prophylactic antibiotics should be limited to high-risk patients, and the agents are selected based on local resistance profiles. Neutropenic fever is a medical emergency in most HSCT recipients. Prompt clinical evaluation is paramount, along with the intravenous administration of appropriate empiric antimicrobials, typically an antipseudomonal beta-lactam agent. Glycopeptides should only be considered if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or Gram-positive infection is suspected. Additional Gram-negative agents, such as colistin or aminoglycosides, may be added if extensive Gram-negative resistance is expected. To mitigate increasing bacterial resistance, empiric antibiotic regimens should be rationalized or discontinued as soon as possible.
Revisiting the Early Modern Philosophical Canon—ADDENDUM
Authors: SHAPIRO LISA
Published: July 2017

In the above mentioned article on page 376, in the third paragraph, after the sentence ‘These prejudices are not simply the inevitable consequence of our imperfect knowledge, but rather are akin to, in contemporary terms, implicit biases.’, the author would like to add the following footnote: Amy Schmitter, in her “Cartesian Prejudice and Critique of Gender in Poulain de la Barre,” presented at the Pacific APA in March 2016, helpfully aligns Poullain's notion of prejudice with implicit bias. The responsibility of all errors and omissions rests with the author.

We sincerely regret this omission from the original text and any problems that have resulted for the authors and readers.
NEG Raising and Serbo-Croatian NPIs
Authors: Collins Chris , Postal Paul M.
Published: July 2017

Collins and Postal (2014) postulate that English NPIs represent two distinct structures: a unary NEG structure and a binary NEG structure. Some NPIs, such asanyandeverexpressions, can instantiate either of these two structures in different contexts. Others (such as one use ofjackshit) have only unary NEG structures. The present article seeks to provide cross-linguistic support for this hypothesis by showing that the two series of NPIs in Serbian/Croatian (Progovac 1994) should be analyzed in terms of the two structure types postulated for English NPIs.
Prevalence and Predictors of Postdischarge Antibiotic Use Following Mastectomy
Authors: Olsen Margaret A. , Nickel Katelin B. , Fraser Victoria J. , Wallace Anna E. , Warren David K.
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

Survey results suggest that prolonged administration of prophylactic antibiotics is common after mastectomy with reconstruction. We determined utilization, predictors, and outcomes of postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics after mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort.

PATIENTS

Commercially insured women aged 18–64 years coded for mastectomy from January 2004 to December 2011 were included in the study. Women with a preexisting wound complication or septicemia were excluded.

METHODS

Predictors of prophylactic antibiotics within 5 days after discharge were identified in women with 1 year of prior insurance enrollment; relative risks (RR) were calculated using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

Overall, 12,501 mastectomy procedures were identified; immediate reconstruction was performed in 7,912 of these procedures (63.3%). Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics were used in 4,439 procedures (56.1%) with immediate reconstruction and 1,053 procedures (22.9%) without immediate reconstruction (P<.001). The antibiotics most commonly prescribed were cephalosporins (75.1%) and fluoroquinolones (11.1%). Independent predictors of postdischarge antibiotics were implant reconstruction (RR, 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.23–2.60), autologous reconstruction (RR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.93–2.45), autologous reconstruction plus implant (RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.92–2.31), hypertension (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.10), tobacco use (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.14), surgery at an academic hospital (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07–1.21), and receipt of home health care (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18). Postdischarge prophylactic antibiotics were not associated with SSI after mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction (bothP>.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Prophylactic postdischarge antibiotics are commonly prescribed after mastectomy; immediate reconstruction is the strongest predictor. Stewardship efforts in this population to limit continuation of prophylactic antibiotics after discharge are needed to limit antimicrobial resistance.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1048–1054
The Impact of Public Policy on Support Services for Indigenous Families with Children with Special Education Needs
Authors: Trimmer Karen , Dixon Roselyn
Published: July 2017

In Australia and Europe, government agencies and not-for-profit organisations (NFPOs) have had long involvement in the funding and provision of community disability services. Significant change has occurred in Australia over the past two decades in the way government funds are expended, with marketplace mechanisms increasingly being used. As a consequence of economic and governance imperatives, funding of services via NFPOs has changed significantly with a move away from the provision of grants to the contracting of these organisations for the provision of services. In 2013, a new national policy, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), was introduced that has impacts for the provision of disability services for children and their families. In particular, Indigenous families are likely to experience barriers in accessing services. This paper reviews the impact of international changes in policy and associated funding models and considers the impacts and research implications of Australia's initial experience of implementation of the NDIS.
Analysis of recipes of home-prepared diets for dogs and cats published in Portuguese
Authors: Pedrinelli Vivian , Gomes Márcia de O. S. , Carciofi Aulus C.
Published: July 2017

The present study evaluated recipes of home-prepared diets for dogs and cats published in Portuguese. A total of 106 diets were evaluated: eighty for dogs, twenty-four for cats and two intended for both species. A commercial software package was used to analyse the diets, and an ingredient chemical composition database was built based on the Brazilian Tables of Food Composition and United States Department of Agriculture Nutrient Database. The estimated chemical composition of each recipe was compared with the Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs (Fédération Européenne de L'industrie des Aliments Pour Animaux Familiers; FEDIAF, 2014) recommendations for maintenance (as units/MJ). Most recipes (48 %) had no precise determination of ingredients and quantities. All diets had at least one nutrient below the recommendations, and all investigated nutrients were deficient in at least one diet. The most frequent nutrients below recommendation were: Fe (68·3 % of the recipes for dogs; 100 % of the recipes for cats); vitamin E (82·9 % of the dog recipes; 84·6 % of the cat recipes); Zn (75·6 % for dogs; 88·4 % for cats); Ca (73·2 % for dogs; 73 % for cats); Cu (85·4 % for dogs; 69·2 % for cats); choline (85·4 % for dogs; 69·2 % for cats); riboflavin (65·8 % for dogs; 11·5 % for cats); thiamine (39 % for dogs; 80·7 % for cats); and vitamin B12 (61 % for dogs; 34·6 % for cats). These recipes may potentially expose animals to nutritional deficiencies, and it is important to inform the owners of the risks of providing home-prepared diets. Better training of professionals that intend to prescribe home-prepared diets is advisable.
Associations Between Romantic Relationship Attachment and Health Among Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sleep and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Arsiwalla Dilbur D.
Published: July 2017

Close relationships play a crucial role in physical and psychological well-being. However, the mechanisms through which relationship factors may enable individuals to maintain overall health have not been widely explored. The primary objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation and sleep in the link between romantic relationship attachment and health. Additionally, differences in sleep patterns and emotion regulation across romantic relationship attachment styles were explored. The survey inquired about the quality and quantity of sleep, attachment quality, emotion regulatory factors, and overall health. The participants included 172 undergraduate students (17–30 years) at a midwestern U.S. university. Romantic relationship attachment security was associated with better sleep, better emotion regulatory strategies, and health. Sleep and emotion regulatory strategies mediated the association between attachment and sleep patterns in a three-path mediation. Findings show greater disruptions in sleep patterns and emotion regulatory factors across attachment styles (i.e., secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fearful attachment). The findings have implications for sleep disorder intervention programs that emphasise better emotion regulatory strategies and promote healthy relationship patterns.
Critique de la raison et mystique du réel : le réalisme tragique de Lyotard face au réalisme spéculatif
Authors: THOMAS-FOGIEL ISABELLE
Published: July 2017

Nous voudrions, dans cet article, relativiser la représentation (aujourd’hui largement répandue) d’un relativisme généralisé de la philosophie des années 1970, en montrant comment la constellation formée par les penseurs de cette période ne se définit pas toujours (et pas seulement) par l’affirmation d’un relativisme radical ou conséquent, mais bien plutôt par la recherche obstinée d’un «réel» originaire, susceptible de concurrencer et de dénoncer une «réalité» construite par la raison. Pour le démontrer, nous nous concentrerons sur le parcours d’un philosophe emblématique de la période, à savoir Jean-François Lyotard. Nous montrerons comment il incarne une forme de «réalisme tragique», que nous pourrons, dès lors, comparer avec des formes plus contemporaines de réalisme (spéculatif, phénoménologique, etc.).
THE USE OF AMMI MODEL FOR INTERPRETING GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN DURUM WHEAT
Authors: MOHAMMADI REZA , ARMION MOHAMMAD , ZADHASAN ESMAEIL , AHMADI MALEK MASOUD , AMRI AHMED
Published: July 2017

Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is one of the most important cereal crops in the Mediterranean region; however, its cultivation suffers from low yield due to environmental constrains. The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess genotype × environment (GE) interaction for grain yield in rainfed durum wheat and to (ii) analyse the relationships of GE interaction with genotypic/meteorological variables by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. Grain yield and some related traits were evaluated in 25 durum wheat genotypes (landrace, breeding line, old and new varieties) in 12 rainfed environments differing in winter air temperature. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that the environment had highest contribution (84.3% of total variation) to the variation in grain yield. The first interaction principal component axis (IPCA1) explained 77.5% of GE interaction sum of squares (SS), and its effect was 5.5 times greater than the genotype effect, indicating that the IPCA1 contributed remarkably to the total GE interaction. Large GE interaction for grain yield was detected, indicating specific adaptation of genotypes. While the postdictive success method indicated AMMI-4 as the best model, the predictive success one suggested AMMI-1. The AMMI biplot analysis confirmed a rank change interaction among the locations, indicating the presence of strong and unpredictable rank-change location-by-year interactions for locations. In contrast to landraces and old varieties, the breeding lines with high yield performance had high phenotypic plasticity under varying environmental conditions. Results indicated that the GE interaction was associated with the interaction of heading date, plant height, rainfall, air temperature and freezing days.
Rate of natural mortality in the sea starArchaster angulatus(Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
Authors: Keesing John K.
Published: July 2017

The population size structure from a total of 876 individuals, together with published values of growth rate, maximum size and size at age were used to estimate an instantaneous rate of natural mortality (M) of 0.46–0.59 year−1in a population of the sea starArchaster angulatusfrom south-western Australia. Peak abundance (17%) of all animals sampled was 105–109 mm arm radius (means of 4.2–4.8 years of age) and only one per cent of sea stars are predicted to live beyond 8 years in the population studied. There are few comparable studies on sea stars but when compared with rates of natural mortality in other echinoderms (sea urchins),A. angulatusis intermediate among species which exhibit the extremes of life history strategies, that is, those which grow very rapidly and may live just two years or less and those with very slow growth rates and which may live for decades.
Generalizing the modified Buckley–Leverett equation with TCAT capillary pressure
Authors: SPAYD K.
Published: July 2017

The Buckley–Leverett partial differential equation has long been used to model two-phase flow in porous media. In recent years, the PDE has been modified to include a rate-dependent capillary pressure constitutive equation, known as dynamic capillary pressure. Previous traveling wave analysis of the modified Buckley–Leverett equation uncovered non-classical solutions involving undercompressive shocks. More recently, thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) has generalized the capillary pressure equation by including additional dependence on fluid properties. In this paper, the model and traveling wave analysis are updated to incorporate TCAT capillary pressure as a generalization of dynamic capillary pressure. Solutions of the corresponding Riemann problem are similar to previous results except in the physically relevant situation in which both phases are pure fluids. The results presented here shed new light on the nature of the interface between one pure fluid displacing another pure fluid, in accordance with TCAT.
Observational Study on Safety of Prehospital BLS CPAP in Dyspnea
Authors: Sahu Novneet , Matthews Patrick , Groner Kathryn , Papas Mia A. , Megargel Ross
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves outcomes in patients with respiratory distress. Additional benefits are seen with CPAP application in the prehospital setting. Theoretical safety concerns regarding Basic Life Support (BLS) providers using CPAP exist. In Delaware’s (USA) two-tiered Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system, BLS often arrives before Advanced Life Support (ALS).

Hypothesis

This study fills a gap in literature by evaluating the safety of CPAP applied by BLS prior to ALS arrival.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational study using Quality Assurance (QA) data collected from October 2009 through December 2012 throughout a state BLS CPAP pilot program; CPAP training was provided to BLS providers prior to participation. Collected data include pulse-oximetry (spO2), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin color, and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) before and after CPAP application. Pre-CPAP and post-CPAP values were compared using McNemar’s and t-tests. Advanced practitioners evaluated whether CPAP was correctly applied and monitored and whether the patient condition was “improved,” “unchanged,” or “worsened.”

Results

Seventy-four patients received CPAP by BLS; CPAP was correctly indicated and applied for all 74 patients. Respiratory status and CPAP were appropriately monitored and documented in the majority of cases (98.6%). A total of 89.2% of patients improved and 4.1% worsened; CPAP significantly reduced the proportion of patients with SpO2<92%, RR>24, and cyanosis (P<.01). The GCS improved from mean (standard deviation [SD]) 13.9 (SD=1.9) to 14.1 (SD=1.9) after CPAP (mean difference [MD]=0.17; 95% CI, -0.49 to 0.83; P=.59). The HR decreased from 115.7 (SD=53) to 105.1 (SD=37) after CPAP (MD=-10.9; 95% CI, -3.2 to -18.6; P<.01). The SpO2 increased from 80.8% (SD=11.4) to 96.9% (SD=4.2) after CPAP (MD=17.8; 95% CI, 14.2-21.5; P<.01).

Conclusion

The BLS providers were able to determine patients for whom CPAP was indicated, to apply it correctly, and to appropriately monitor the status of these patients. The majority of patients who received CPAP by BLS providers had improvement in their clinical status and vital signs. The findings suggest that CPAP can be safely used by BLS providers with appropriate training.

SahuN, MatthewsP, GronerK, PapasMA, MegargelR. Observational study on safety of prehospital BLS CPAP in dyspnea. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):610–614.
Predictors of Treatment Discontinuation During Prolonged Exposure for PTSD
Authors: Gros Daniel F. , Allan Nicholas P. , Lancaster Cynthia L. , Szafranski Derek D. , Acierno Ron
Published: July 2017

Background:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and impairing condition for which there are several evidence-based psychotherapies. However, a significant proportion of patients fail to complete a ‘sufficient dose’ of psychotherapy, potentially limiting treatment gains.Aims:The present study investigated predictors of premature treatment discontinuation during a trial of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD.Method:Combat veterans with PTSD were recruited to participate in a randomized clinical trial of PE delivered in person or via telehealth technologies. Of the 150 initial participants, 61 participants discontinued the trial before the completion of eight sessions (of an 8‒12 session protocol). Treatment condition (telehealth or in person) and factors identified by prior research (age, combat theatre, social support, PTSD symptoms) were tested as predictors of treatment discontinuation.Results:A Cox proportional hazards model (a subtype of survival analysis) was used to evaluate predictors of treatment discontinuation. Disability status and treatment condition were identified as significant predictors of discontinuation, with a noted disability and use of telehealth demonstrating higher risk.Conclusions:The present findings highlight the influence of telehealth and disability status on treatment discontinuation, while minimizing the role of the previously identified variables from studies with less sensitive analyses.