bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicified plant megafossils from the upper Turonian of Vienne, western France
Authors: Gomez Bernard , Daviero-Gomez Véronique , Garcia Géraldine , Caner Laurent , Boura Anaïs , Barral Abel , Cantinolle Patrice , Valentin Xavier
Published: November 2018

A new locality with silicified permineralised plant megafossils is reported from the upper Turonian of Colombiers, Vienne, western France. The plant fossil assemblage consists of Geinitzia reichenbachii (Geinitz) Hollick et Jeffrey and ‘Lomatopteris' superstes Saporta. Whilst G. reichenbachii is a worldwide widespread Cretaceous conifer, ‘L.' superstes is reported in western France for the first time. The latter fossil shows bipinnately compound leaf, marginal teeth, one thick primary vein, pinnate secondary veins and faint, reticulate, narrower veins. Besides its fern-like gross morphology, these characters indicate that it most likely belongs to angiosperms and eudicots. The formation of silicified nodules bearing such fossils from the Cenomanian to the Coniacian of western France was previously attributed to the secondary silicification of limestones during Cenozoic climatic weathering episodes. However, based on both petrography and preservation evidence, we demonstrate that it was an endogenic process contemporaneous to the earliest stages of fossil diagenesis created by palaeoenvironmental and climatic conditions.
Einfluss der Aufgabenstellung und des Wortschatzes auf die Emotionserkennung bei Drei- bis Fünfjährigen
Authors: Ulrich Franziska , Petermann Franz , Gust Nicole
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Diese Studie untersucht Altersunterschiede in den Fähigkeiten zur Emotionserkennung bei Kindergartenkindern und prüft, inwiefern sich die Aufgabenstellung und der Wortschatz auf diese Aspekte des Emotionswissens auswirken. Hierfür wurde die Fähigkeit zum Benennen und Erkennen von Emotionen anhand von Fotos und vorgegebenen Situationen bei N=170 Drei- bis Fünfjährigen (n=86 Mädchen) mit dem EMK 3 – 6 und der Wortschatz mit dem SET 3 – 5 erfasst. Es wurde ein signifikanter Effekt des Alters und der Aufgabenstellung festgestellt. Der stärkste Zuwachs in der Emotionserkennung zeigte sich in allen Aufgaben im Alter zwischen drei und vier Jahren. Die Erkennungsleistung fiel für Fotos am genauesten aus, am schwersten fiel es Kindern, nach vorgegebenen Situationen den passenden Gesichtsausdruck abzuleiten. Der Wortschatz beeinflusste die Leistungen im Benennen, jedoch nicht im Erkennen von Basisemotionen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich in die aktuelle Forschung integrieren und liefern wichtige Hinweise für die Diagnostik und Förderung des Emotionswissens.
Examining Validity Evidence of Self-Report Measures Using Differential Item Functioning
Authors: Gadermann Anne M. , Chen Michelle Y. , Emerson Scott D. , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The investigation of differential item functioning (DIF) is important for any group comparison because the validity of the inferences made from scale scores could be compromised if DIF is present. DIF occurs when individuals from different groups show different probabilities of selecting a response option to an item after being matched on the underlying latent variable that the item is supposed to measure. The aim of this paper is to inform the practice of DIF analyses in survey research. We focus on three quantitative methods to detect DIF, namely nonparametric item response theory (NIRT), ordinal logistic regression (OLR), and mixed-effects or multilevel models. Using these methods, we demonstrate how to examine DIF at the item and scale levels, as well as in multilevel settings. We discuss when these techniques are appropriate to use, what data assumptions they have, and their advantages and disadvantages in the analysis of survey data.
Van Dinther Receives 2018 Jason Morgan Early Career Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Ylona van Dinther will receive the 2018 Jason Morgan Early Career Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. The award is for “significant early career contributions to tectonophysics through a combination of research, education, and outreach activities.”
Groups Gear Up to Fight Oil and Gas Development in Arctic Refuge
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2018

With Democrats controlling the House of Representatives beginning in January, advocates see an opportunity to try to protect the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge from oil and gas development.
On the Need of a Unified Methodology for Processing Schumann Resonance Measurements
Authors: Rodríguez‐Camacho J. , Fornieles J. , Carrión M.C. , Portí J. A. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , Salinas A.
Published: November 2018

The monitoring of natural electromagnetic activity in the extremely low frequency range is considered as a means of obtaining global information on the lightning activity and other parameters concerning the state of the Earth's atmosphere. In this sense, the possible application of the study of Schumann resonances (SRs) to environmental monitoring systems has already been proposed in the recent past. However, the usual lack of details existing in the literature concerning the process of extracting SR parameters hinders the development of global networks intended for environmental purposes. In this paper, the methodology used to extract SR information from data measured at the Sierra Nevada extremely low frequency station, Spain, is described in detail. The process is split in three main parts: the determination of the amplitude spectrum from the low‐amplitude noisy signal measured, the anthropogenic noise elimination and, finally, the calculation of an analytical function to fit the filtered amplitude spectrum from which SR parameters can be precisely defined. Some different options in the method are considered, and their effect on the SR results has been quantified. Significant differences in the final results have been observed in some of the options considered. As a conclusion of this work, it becomes clear that, if data from different research groups are to be shared and quantitatively compared, a standardization of the process is required or, at least, some details on the station and this process should be provided together with the SR results.
Mantle Sources of Recent Anatolian Intraplate Magmatism: A Regional Plume or Local Tectonic Origin?
Authors: Nikogosian I. K. , Bracco Gartner A. J. J. , van Bergen M. J. , Mason P. R. D. , van Hinsbergen D. J. J.
Published: November 2018

We present an extensive study of rehomogenized olivine‐hosted melt inclusions, olivine phenocrysts, and chromian spinel inclusions to explore the link between geodynamic conditions and the origin and composition of Pliocene–Quaternary intraplate magmatism in Anatolia at Kula, Ceyhan‐Osmaniye, and Karacadağ. Exceptional compositional variability of these products reveals early and incomplete mixing of distinct parental melts in each volcanic center, reflecting asthenospheric and lithospheric mantle sources. The studied primitive magmas consist of (1) two variably enriched ocean island basalt (OIB)‐type melts in Kula; (2) both OIB‐type and plume mid‐ocean ridge basalt (P‐MORB)‐like melts beneath Toprakkale and Üçtepeler (Ceyhan‐Osmaniye); and (3) two variably enriched OIB‐type melts beneath Karacadağ. Estimated conditions of primary melt generation are 23–9 kbar, 75–30 km, and 1415–1215 °C for Kula; 28–19 kbar, 90–65 km, and 1430–1350 °C for Toprakkale; 23–18 kbar, 75–60 km, and 1400–1355 °C for Üçtepeler; and 35–27 kbar, 115–90 km, and 1530–1455 °C for Karacadağ, the deepest levels of which correspond to the depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary in all regions. Although magma ascent was likely facilitated by local deformation structures, recent Anatolian intraplate magmatism seems to be triggered by large‐scale mantle flow that also affects the wider Arabian and North African regions. We infer that these volcanics form part of a much wider Arabian‐North African intraplate volcanic province, which was able to invade the Anatolian upper plate through slab gaps.
Impact of Pediatrician Invitation on Enrollment in Behavioral Parent Training
Authors: Pyle Kellina K. , Artis N. Janine , Vaughan Russell S. , Fabiano Gregory A.
Published: November 2018

Given that parent training in behavior therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment for young children with challenging behaviors, mechanisms to increase parent engagement are needed. A between-groups intervention study was conducted in a primary care setting with 482 families of children with challenging behaviors. Families received 1 of 2 mailings. The first included a flyer advertising a behavioral parent training (BPT) program, whereas the second included both the flyer and a personal invitation from the pediatrician. Twenty-three families enrolled in the BPT program. Of these, 20 had received both the flyer and invitation, whereas only 3 who had received only the flyer enrolled, a significant difference, χ (1) = 5.83, p < .05, φ = 0.11. Although the level of engagement from the target population was low (only 4% of the 482 families identified), it was significantly higher than it would have been if only the recruitment flyer were used (0.6%). While simple, this technique may be an important contribution to future research and clinical programs seeking to recruit parents for BPT.

Implications for Impact Statement

Although it is a recommended, evidence-based intervention, behavioral parent training unfortunately has very low enrollment. This article shows that sending home a pediatrician invitation to families with children who have challenging behaviors can increase the likelihood that these parents will enroll in a parent training group, helping them gain essential skills in managing their children’s behaviors.
Kirigami-inspired, highly stretchable micro-supercapacitor patches fabricated by laser conversion and cutting
Authors: Xu Renxiao , Zverev Anton , Hung Aaron , Shen Caiwei , Irie Lauren , Ding Geoffrey , Whitmeyer Michael , Ren Liangjie , Griffin Brandon , Melcher Jack , Zheng Lily , Zang Xining , Sanghadasa Mohan , Lin Liwei
Published: November 2018

The recent developments in material sciences and rational structural designs have advanced the field of compliant and deformable electronics systems. However, many of these systems are limited in either overall stretchability or areal coverage of functional components. Here, we design a construct inspired by Kirigami for highly deformable micro-supercapacitor patches with high areal coverages of electrode and electrolyte materials. These patches can be fabricated in simple and efficient steps by laser-assisted graphitic conversion and cutting. Because the Kirigami cuts significantly increase structural compliance, segments in the patches can buckle, rotate, bend and twist to accommodate large overall deformations with only a small strain (<3%) in active electrode areas. Electrochemical testing results have proved that electrical and electrochemical performances are preserved under large deformation, with less than 2% change in capacitance when the patch is elongated to 382.5% of its initial length. The high design flexibility can enable various types of electrical connections among an array of supercapacitors residing in one patch, by using different Kirigami designs.
Boolean Calcium Signalling Model Predicts Calcium Role in Acceleration and Stability of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Stomatal Closure
Authors: Waidyarathne Pramuditha , Samarasinghe Sandhya
Published: November 2018

Inconsistent hypotheses have proposed Ca2+ as either being essential or irrelevant and redundant in ABA induced stomatal closure. This study integrates all available information from literature to define ABA signalling pathway and presents it in a systems view for clearer understanding of the role of Ca2+ in stomatal closure. Importantly, it incorporates into an Asynchronous Boolean model time delays sourced from an extensive literature search. The model predicted the timing of ABA events and mutant behaviour close to biology. It revealed biologically reported timing for Ca2+ activation and Ca2+ dynamics consistent with biology. It also predicts that Ca2+ elevation is not essential in stomatal closure but it can accelerate closure, consistent with previous findings, but our model further explains that acting as a mediator, Ca2+ accelerates stomatal closure by enhancing plasma membrane slowly activating anion channel SLAC1 and actin rearrangement. It shows statistical significance of Ca2+ induced acceleration of closure and that of Ca2+ induced acceleration of SLAC1 activation. Further, the model demonstrates that Ca2+ enhances resilience of closure to perturbation of important elements; especially, ROS pathway, as did previous ABA model, and even to the ABA signal disruption. It goes further to elucidate the mechanisms by which Ca2+ engenders stomatal closure in these perturbations.
Influence of realistic wearing on the morphology and release of silver nanomaterials from textiles
Authors: Gagnon Vincent , Button Mark , Boparai Hardiljeet K. , Nearing Michelle , O'Carroll Denis M. , Weber Kela P.
Published: November 2018

The recent commercialisation of antimicrobial textiles has resulted in concern regarding the incidental release of silver nanomaterials (Ag-NMs) to the environment.
Quantification of liquid phase faecal odourants to evaluate membrane technology for wastewater reuse from decentralised sanitation facilities
Authors: Mercer E. , Davey C. J. , Campo P. , Fowler D. , Williams L. , Kolios A. , Parker A. , Tyrrel S. , Walton C. , Cartmell E. , Pidou M. , McAdam E. J.
Published: November 2018

A liquid phase method to treat faecal odourants at source using membrane technology, consequently encouraging facility and water reuse acceptance.
Sn(TFSI)2as a suitable salt for the electrodeposition of nanostructured Cu6Sn5–Sn composites obtained on a Cu electrode in an ionic liquid
Authors: Soulmi Nadia , Porras-Gutierrez Ana-Gabriela , Mordvinova Natalia E. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Rizzi Cécile , Sirieix-Plénet Juliette , Groult Henri , Dambournet Damien , Gaillon Laurent
Published: November 2018

Sn nanostructured thin films prepared by electrodeposition in an ionic liquid directly on a Cu substrate provided high performance as Li-ion negative electrodes.
Revealing quantum mechanical effects in enzyme catalysis with large-scale electronic structure simulation
Authors: Yang Zhongyue , Mehmood Rimsha , Wang Mengyi , Qi Helena W. , Steeves Adam H. , Kulik Heather J.
Published: November 2018

Large scale quantum mechanical simulation systematically reveals length scales over which electronically driven interactions occur at enzyme active sites.
Accurate full‐resolution reconstruction of spike‐encoded image time series using random matrix theory
Authors: Chen Rui , Yang Changshui , Jia Huizhu , Huang Tiejun
Published: November 2018

A new application‐specific approach is proposed to reconstruct the full‐resolution grey‐scale image from its binary spike series. The noisy observation of each pixel value is first computed by counting the spike pulses of a given event duration. The relationship between the light intensity and the signal‐dependent noise is utilised in a linear image formation model to compensate truncated intensity error. Then, the minimum variance estimator for the true intensities is derived from this effective model. This estimation problem is non‐iteratively solved by applying the asymptotic results of random matrix theory. Experimental results have demonstrated that the algorithm can reliably infer true pixel intensities and is superior to the simple spike counting in terms of both estimation accuracy and robustness.
SOPHIE velocimetry ofKeplertransit candidates
Authors: Hébrard G. , Bonomo A. S. , Díaz R. F. , Santerne A. , Santos N. C. , Almenara J.-M. , Barros S. C. C. , Boisse I. , Bouchy F. , Bruno G. , Courcol B. , Deleuil M. , Demangeon O. , Guillot T. , Montagnier G. , Moutou C. , Rey J. , Wilson P. A.
Published: November 2018

Whereas thousands of transiting giant exoplanets are known today, only a few are well characterized with long orbital periods. Here we present KOI-3680b, a new planet in this category. First identified by theKeplerteam as a promising candidate from the photometry of theKeplerspacecraft, we establish here its planetary nature from the radial velocity follow-up secured over 2 yr with the SOPHIE spectrograph at Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France. The combined analysis of the whole dataset allows us to fully characterize this new planetary system. KOI-3680b has an orbital period of 141.2417 ± 0.0001 days, a mass of 1.93 ± 0.20MJup, and a radius of 0.99 ± 0.07RJup. It exhibits a highly eccentric orbit (e= 0.50 ± 0.03) around an early G dwarf. KOI-3680b is the transiting giant planet with the longest period characterized so far around a single star; it offers opportunities to extend studies which were mainly devoted to exoplanets close to their host stars, and to compare both exoplanet populations.
Low-frequency measurements of synchrotron absorbing HII regions and modeling of observed synchrotron emissivity
Authors: Polderman I. M. , Haverkorn M. , Jaffe T. R. , Alves M. I. R.
Published: November 2018

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) and magnetic fields are dynamically important components in the Galaxy, and their energy densities are comparable to that of the turbulent interstellar gas. The interaction of CRs and Galactic magnetic fields (GMF) produces synchrotron radiation clearly visible in the radio regime. Detailed measurements of synchrotron radiation averaged over the line-of-sight (LOS), so-called synchrotron emissivities, can be used as a tracer of the CR density and GMF strength.

Aims. Our aim is to model the synchrotron emissivity in the Milky Way using a three-dimensional dataset instead of LOS-integrated intensity maps on the sky.

Methods. Using absorbed HII regions, we measured the synchrotron emissivity over a part of the LOS through the Galaxy, changing from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional view. Performing these measurements on a large scale is one of the new applications of the window opened by current low-frequency arrays. Using various simple axisymmetric emissivity models and a number of GMF-based emissivity models, we were able to simulate the synchrotron emissivities and compare them to the observed values in the catalog.

Results. We present a catalog of low-frequency absorption measurements of HII regions, their distances and electron temperatures, compiled from literature. These data show that the axisymmetric emissivity models are not complex enough, but the GMF-based emissivity models deliver a reasonable fit. These models suggest that the fit can be improved by either an enhanced synchrotron emissivity in the outer reaches of the Milky Way or an emissivity drop near the Galactic center.

Conclusions. Current GMF models plus a constant CR density model cannot explain low-frequency absorption measurements, but the fits improved with slight (ad hoc) adaptations. It is clear that more detailed models are needed, but the current results are very promising.
Chancen moderner Medien für psychotherapeutische Nachsorge
und Rückfallprophylaxe
Authors: Wolf Markus , Bauer Stephanie , Moessner Markus
Published: November 2018

Psychotherapie ist wirksam – aber die wenigsten Patienten genesen infolge einer
Therapie vollständig. Häufig bestehen Restsymptome und Belastungsfaktoren im
sozialen und beruflichen Umfeld, die die Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag weiter
beeinträchtigen. Das Risiko für einen Rückfall ist groß. Können moderne Medien
in der Nachsorge eingesetzt werden, um das Rückfallrisiko zu minimieren?
Ulmer Onlineklinik – eine Plattform für internetbasierte
Psychodiagnostik und psychologische
Online-Interventionsprogramme
Authors: Tutus Dunja , Plener Paul L. , Niemitz Mandy
Published: November 2018

Online applizierte Interventionen haben sich bereits bei Ängsten und Depression
1 als hochwirksam erwiesen. Sie bieten
die Möglichkeit, evidenzbasierte psychologische Interventionen niedrigschwellig
durchzuführen. Die internetbasierte Psychodiagnostik erleichtert dabei das
Beobachten der Symptomatik während des Behandlungsverlaufs und bietet
Realtime-Feedback für Patienten und Therapeuten 2.
Schmerztherapie online
Authors: Bernardy Kathrin , Töpper Maren , Schwarzer Andreas , Hermann Christiane
Published: November 2018

Internetbasierte Interventionen und Apps für mobile Endgeräte werden als große
Chance für die Verbesserung der Versorgung von chronischen Schmerzpatienten
diskutiert. Trotz teilweise beeindruckender Wirksamkeitsnachweise ist bisher
noch kein durchgreifender Transfer in den Versorgungsalltag gelungen. In diesem
Artikel werden Vor- und Nachteile sowie Risiken dieser Verfahren skizziert und
bespielhaft einzelne Programme vorgestellt.
iHealth Diaries – how to do it right
Authors: Assmann Mira , Martens Ulla , Spiczak Sarah von , Siniatchkin Michael
Published: November 2018

Bei der Kommunikation zwischen Klinikern und Patienten ist aktuell nicht mehr
Frage, ob diese auch digital stattfindet, sondern wie. Die bisherige Evidenz
zeigt Ansätze, die internetbasierte und traditionelle Interventionen
kombinieren. Interessant sind dabei u. a. die Möglichkeiten, die für
Verlaufskontrolle und Nachsorge im klinischen Bereich entstehen. Der Beitrag
skizziert Chancen und Grenzen zur Bestimmung von Qualitätskriterien.
Machtvoll interagieren
Authors: Blumenrode Stefan
Published: November 2018

Macht ist allgegenwärtig – auch in der psychiatrischen Pflege. Wie sie entsteht
und welche Auswirkungen sie haben kann, beleuchten wir in unserem Schwerpunkt.
Denn erst, wenn Macht als Bestandteil von pflegerischen Beziehungen wahrgenommen
wird, können diese Beziehungen wertschätzend und achtsam gestaltet werden.
Biografiearbeit als Schlüssel zum Patienten
Authors: Grau Sabine
Published: November 2018

Wenn Pflegende den biografischen Hintergrund ihrer Patienten kennen, fällt es
leichter, sie individuell zu begleiten und mit ihnen umzugehen. Unsere Autorin
beschreibt, wie Sie sich mit der Biografiearbeit an einen unbekannten Patienten
annähern – denn die Beziehung zu einem Menschen wird eine andere, wenn man seine
Geschichte kennt.
Würde statt Willkür
Authors: Kammer-Spohn Michael
Published: November 2018

Die Pflege von psychisch Kranken ist häufig eine Gratwanderung zwischen
Patientenwillen und pflegerischer Fürsorge. Es gilt, das notwendige, aber
minimal mögliche Maß an Zwang und Gewalt auszuloten – denn fest steht: Ein
ethisch angemessener Umgang mit dem Machtkonflikt hat großen Anteil am
Behandlungserfolg.
Salvage nitrous oxide cryotherapy of refractory colon neoplasia embedded within an endoclip
Authors: Trindade Arvind , Benias Petros , Cerulli Maurice
Published: November 2018

Background and study aims This is a case report on use of the CryoBalloon as a salvage technique for ablation of residual neoplasia at an endoscopic mucosal resection site. The site contained an embedded clip that could not be removed at two different sessions by three experienced endoscopists. On follow-up endoscopy, the clips and residual polyp no longer remained. The subtle scar that was present was biopsied and confirmed complete eradication of neoplasia and no polyp tissue. This case shows the potential of the CryoBalloon to ablate unwanted tissue outside of the esophagus.
Fabrication and characterization of (Ba, Sr)RuO3 ceramic targets and thin films for ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin-film capacitors
Authors: Noguchi Yuji , Tada Masaru , Kitanaka Yuuki , Miyayama Masaru
Published: November 2018

We report the preparation of (Ba, Sr)RuO3 ceramic targets in a conventional process in air at ambient pressure and their epitaxial thin-film growth on Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 buffered SrTiO3 substrates. We found that a simultaneous addition of CuO and SiO2 is effective in obtaining the relatively dense ceramics. The microstructural and chemical investigations show that the synergetic effect of a liquid-phase (Ba-Sr-O) assisted grain growth accelerated by Cu-derived Ru charge inhomogeneity along with a rearrangement of grains promoted by a liquid-phase silicate is the mechanism of the (Ba, Sr)RuO3 densification. We demonstrate that all epitaxial BaTiO3 thin-film capacitors with (Ba1−xSrx)RuO3 electrodes can be obtained up to x of 0.6.
Colouration, chaetotaxy and molecular data provide species-level resolution in a species complex of Dicranocentrus (Collembola : Entomobryidae)
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yu Daoyuan , Stevens Mark I. , Ding Yinhuan
Published: November 2018

Integrative taxonomic approaches are increasingly providing species-level resolution to ‘cryptic’ diversity. In the absence of an integrative taxonomic approach, formal species validation is often lacking because of inadequate morphological diagnoses. Colouration and chaetotaxy are the most commonly used characters in collembolan taxonomy but can cause confusion in species diagnoses because these characters often have large intraspecific variation. Here, we take an integrative approach to the genus Dicranocentrus in China where four species have been previously recognised, but several members of the genus have been morphologically grouped as a species complex based on having paired outer teeth on unguis and seven colour patterns. Molecular delimitations based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered four candidate lineages from three gene markers and revealed that speciation events likely occurred during the late Neogene (4–13million years ago). Comparison of intact dorsal chaetotaxy, whose homologies were erected on the basis of first instar larva, further validated these candidates as formal species: D. gaoligongensis, sp. nov., D. similis, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov. and D. varicolor, sp. nov., and increase the number of Dicranocentrus species from China to eight. Our study further highlights the importance of adequate taxonomy in linking morphological and molecular characters within integrative taxonomy.
Getting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to the people: opportunities, challenges and examples of successful health service models of PrEP implementation
Authors: Zablotska Iryna B. , Baeten Jared M. , Phanuphak Nittaya , McCormack Sheena , Ong Jason
Published: November 2018

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretrovirals could prevent millions of infections, yet effective strategies to get PrEP delivered are just being defined. This editorial introduces a series of 17 articles which form a special issue of Sexual Health focused on the opportunities and challenges for health service providers engaged in PrEP prescribing. All pieces presented here share useful lessons from PrEP pioneers; more than that, they should serve as catalysts to accelerate PrEP implementation around the world.
Emergent sustainability in open property regimes
Authors: Moritz Mark , Behnke Roy , Beitl Christine M. , Bliege Bird Rebecca , Chiaravalloti Rafael Morais , Clark Julia K. , Crabtree Stefani A. , Downey Sean S. , Hamilton Ian M. , Phang Sui Chian , Scholte Paul , Wilson James A.
Published: November 2018

Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access systems, use of common-pool resources seems to be sustainable over the long term (i.e., current resource use does not threaten use of common-pool resources for future generations). Here, we outline the conditions that support sustainable resource use in open property regimes. We use the conceptual framework of complex adaptive systems to explain how processes within and couplings between human and natural systems can lead to the emergence of efficient, equitable, and sustainable resource use. We illustrate these dynamics in eight case studies of different social–ecological systems, including mobile pastoralism, marine and freshwater fisheries, swidden agriculture, and desert foraging. Our theoretical framework identifies eight conditions that are critical for the emergence of sustainable use of common-pool resources in open property regimes. In addition, we explain how changes in boundary conditions may push open property regimes to either common property regimes or a tragedy of the commons. Our theoretical model of emergent sustainability helps us to understand the diversity and dynamics of property regimes across a wide range of social–ecological systems and explains the enigma of open access without a tragedy. We recommend that policy interventions in such self-organizing systems should focus on managing the conditions that are critical for the emergence and persistence of sustainability.
Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine
Authors: Mucedero Manuela , Rozzi Matteo , Milazzo Alessia , Cozza Paola
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological variations of the palate shape and maxillary arch dimension in a group of subjects with unilaterally or bilaterally impacted maxillary canines compared with a control group, using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric.

Materials

The subject of this study consisted of pre-treatment records of 46 (18 males and 28 females) patients with one or both canines palatally displaced. A control group of 26 subjects was selected from a list of orthodontic patients at the same dental hospital. The subjects were divided in two study groups: unilateral palatally displaced canine (UPDC) and bilateral palatally displaced canine (BPDC). Study casts were scanned to analyse the palate’s shape and maxillary arch dimension. The 3D geometric morphometric analysis was used to study the entirety of the shape of the palate. The virtual 3D models were measured with a specific software to analyse the maxillary arch dimension. (VAM, Vectra; Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, New Jersey, USA).

Results

When comparing the groups with the geometric morphometrics analysis, no significant palatal shape change was found. For the analysis of linear measurements, only a significant reduction of intercanine width was found in the UPDC and BPDC groups when compared with the control subjects.

Conclusions

Patients with palatally displaced permanent canine showed no maxillary transverse constriction or variation in palatal vault morphology but the absence of permanent teeth was associated with a reduction in the intercanine width.
Indigeneity
Authors: Steeves Paulette F.
Published: November 2018

There are minimally 370 million Indigenous people in the world. The term Indigenous was not used to identify human groups until recently. Indigenous people are often identified as the First People of a specific regional area. Indigeneity as applied to First People came into use in the 1990s, as many colonized communities fought against erasure, genocide, and forced acculturation under colonial regimes. An often-cited definition of Indigenous peoples is one by Jose Martinez Cobo, special rapporteur for the UN Sub-Commission. Cobo’s 1986 report was completed for the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention and Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, thirty-fifth session, item 12 of the provisional agenda, titled, “Study of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations.” Cobo described Indigenous people, communities, and nations as groups that have a “historical continuity with pre-colonial societies” within territories they developed, and as communities that “consider themselves distinct from other sectors of societies” now in their territories. Cobo further stressed that Indigenous people and communities are minorities within contemporary populations that work to preserve their ethnic identities and ancestral territories for future generations. It is important to include displaced people whom prior to colonization identified with specific land areas or regional areas as homelands, as well as Indigenous communities that have for decades been in hiding in areas away from their initial homeland areas. Many descendants of Indigenous people were forced to hide their identities for their own safety due to colonization and genocidal policies focused on physical and cultural erasure. That does not make them non-Indigenous. It makes them survivors of genocide, erasure, and forced acculturation. Many Indigenous people are just coming to terms with the impact of ethnic cleansing and the work to reclaim and revive their identities and cultures. Indigenous is both a legal term, and a personal, group, and pan-group identity. Scholars have argued there are at least four thousand Indigenous groups, but that number is likely very low. Indigeneity is not as simple as an opposition to identity erasure or a push back against colonization. Indigeneity is woven through diverse experiences and histories and is often described as a pan-political identity in a postcolonial time. However, that can be misleading, as the world does not yet exist in a postcolonial state, despite ongoing concerted efforts by Indigenous people and their allies in political and academic spheres to decolonize institutions and communities. Diverse Indigenous communities weave Indigeneity through a multifaceted array of space and time to revive identities and cultural practices and to regain or retain land, human rights, heritage, and political standing.
Effect of Carotid Siphon Anatomy on Aneurysm Occlusion After Flow Diversion for Treatment of Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Brinjikji Waleed , Cloft Harry J , Kallmes David F , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Flow diversion (FD) is effective for treatment of intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether carotid siphon (CS) geometry influences the efficacy of FD when employed for ICA aneurysms.

METHODS

Outcomes of a consecutive series of patients with ICA aneurysms treated with FD were retrospectively reviewed. CS anatomy was quantified through measurement of the posterior, anterior, and anterosuperior bend angles in accordance with previously described methodology. The relationship of CS geometry to likelihood of incomplete aneurysm occlusion at 1 yr after treatment was assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

There were 167 ICA aneurysms in 164 patients treated with FD during the study period. The mean age of our cohort was 55.7 yr (standard deviation [SD]: 12.3) and a majority of patients were female (145/164, 86.8%). Anterior (47.4 degrees vs 8.5, P < .001) and anterosuperior bend angles (100.9 vs 76.5, P = .002) were significantly greater in aneurysms that required repeat FD after initial treatment. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, increasing patient age (unit odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.08; P = .003) and anterior bend angle ≥–3.5 (OR: 2.47, 95% CI 1.04-5.86; P = .046) were associated with increased odds of incomplete aneurysm occlusion at 1 yr after treatment.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that variations in CS anatomy may influence the efficacy of FD treatment and should be analyzed prior to offering FD for treatment of ICA aneurysms. Further investigation into the hemodynamic effects of CS geometry is warranted.
Persistent Postsurgical Pain Following Thoracotomy: A Comparison of Thoracic Epidural and Paravertebral Blockade as Preventive Analgesia
Authors: Wong Jonathon , Cooper Jackie , Thomas Rik , Langford Richard , Anwar Sibtain
Published: November 2018

Objective

Persistent postsurgical pain (PPP) is common following thoracotomy. Thoracic epidural (TEB) and paravertebral blockade (PVB) are both established forms of perioperative analgesia for thoracotomy. There is currently a lack of data on their influence on PPP; this study aims to evaluate both techniques on PPP.

Design

Observational study, prospectively collected data.

Methods

Adults who underwent thoracotomy had either TEB or PVB for analgesia and were prospectively interviewed at six months. A numerical rating scale, the short form of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, and the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index were used to assess pain, neuropathic pain, and quality of life.

Results

Eighty-two patients who underwent a thoracotomy were recruited (TEB N = 36, PVB N = 46). Pain scores had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 1 (0 to 4.5) and 1.5 (0 to 4, P = 0.89), presence of PPP was 58.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.0–74.5%) and 60.9% (95% CI = 45.4–74.9%, P = 0.81), and presence of neuropathic pain was 30.6% (95% CI = 16.3–48.1%) and 28.2% (95% CI = 16.0–43.5%, P = 0.85). Reported quality of life was 0.71 (0.14–0.85) and 0.80 (0.19–0.91, P = 0.21). Patients who had PPP reported worse quality of life measures compared with those who were pain free, with a median (IQR) EQ-5D index of 0.69 (–0.15 to 0.85) and 0.85 (0.72 to 1, P = 0.0007); quality of life was worst when there was a neuropathic component (median = 0.39, IQR = –0.24 to 0.75).

Conclusions

There was no statistical difference in the development of persistent postsurgical pain between patients who received a TEB or a PVB; however, patients who developed PPP had a significantly lower quality of life, which was worse with a neuropathic component.
COMMENT ON THE PAPER ‘LUMINESCENCE MODELS BY S.W.S. MCKEEVER AND R. CHEN, RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 27(5/6), 1997, pp. 625–661’
Authors: Kazakis Nikolaos A
Published: November 2018

The present comment concerns the correct presentation of the equations giving the CW-OSL intensity in the case of second- and general-order kinetics. Those equations have also been published with their wrong formulation in two eminent books in their topic. Since most researchers (especially early stage) would use directly the proposed functions as published in the various sources, they should be notified of their correct formulation.
Maternal Prenatal Screening and Serologies
Authors: Snow Timothy M. , Coble Melissa
Published: November 2018

Background:

Maternal prenatal screening is essential in preventing pregnancy complications as well as preventing and/or predicting neonatal and infant medical issues after delivery that are due to certain communicable diseases.

Purpose:

This article is aimed at gathering and presenting the most recent information regarding the most common prenatal screening laboratory studies and the implications with the various diseases.

Methods/Search Strategy:

An extensive medical database search was performed and the most relevant medical texts regarding the subject of prenatal screening were obtained.

Findings/Results:

Maternal screenings should be performed at the first provider visit once pregnancy has been confirmed. Additional screenings vary based on the specific disease and on maternal risk factors. Methods of screenings involve measuring antigen or antibody titers, a combination of antigen/antibody titers, or by specialized genetic tests.

Implications for Practice:

Providers responsible for pregnant women should be able to identify which diseases they need to screen for and how to interpret the findings. Neonatal providers should be able to interpret the findings and they should also be able to manage neonates appropriately.

Implications for Research:

Future research should be aimed at developing better, cost-effective tests for both existing diseases and new diseases that either impact large or small populations of pregnant women and their fetuses.
Congenital Syphilis and the Prozone Phenomenon
Authors: Spydell Lauren E.
Published: November 2018

Background:

There is a global rise in maternal syphilis and infants born with congenital syphilis.

Clinical Findings:

This case report presents a 32-week gestation premature male infant with initial clinical findings significant for respiratory failure as well as blueberry muffin spot rash and hepatosplenomegaly, which are consistent with congenital syphilis.

Primary Diagnosis:

This case study is unique in that the diagnosis of congenital neurosyphilis was demonstrated despite negative maternal serology because of the prozone phenomenon. This phenomenon refers to an overwhelming acute infection that interferes with testing by antibody flocculation or clumping of antibodies, causing a false-negative result and allows an infection such as syphilis to go undetected during pregnancy when Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test is performed.

Interventions:

The infant received a 10-day course of aqueous penicillin G 150,000 U/kg every 8 hours per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Redbook recommendations for congenital neurosyphilis.

Outcomes:

The infant was discharged home on day of life 38 and was followed as an outpatient with serial rapid plasma reagin titers confirming adequate treatment of congenital neurosyphilis. He was also referred to the high-risk infant clinic to monitor for developmental milestones secondary to prematurity and central nervous system infection.

Practice Recommendations:

Providers within the neonatal setting should consider early congenital syphilis testing on infants with similar clinical presentation regardless of negative maternal testing.
Telehealth: a novel approach for the treatment of nondisplaced pediatric elbow fractures
Authors: Silva Mauricio , Delfosse Erin M. , Aceves-Martin Bianka , Scaduto Anthony A. , Ebramzadeh Edward
Published: November 2018

Telehealth has seldom been used in the field of pediatric orthopaedics. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of telehealth as a tool for the follow-up of children with nondisplaced elbow fractures. We hypothesize that patients treated via telehealth will have comparable clinical outcomes as those treated at our institution, with increased patient satisfaction. We conducted a randomized trial, which included 52 children with type I supracondylar humeral fractures, or occult elbow injuries, divided in two groups, based on the type of care provided during the fourth-week follow-up appointment: cast removal at our institution (group A) or cast removal at home via telehealth appointment (group B). The time duration and professional fees for this week 4 follow-up were calculated. Patients in both groups returned to our institution for a final follow-up in week 8. We measured the amount of fracture displacement, range of motion, pain, and patient satisfaction. There was no statistically significant difference in fracture displacement, range of motion, or pain scores between groups. The mean length of the fourth-week clinical encounter was higher in group A than group B (47.2 vs. 17.6 min, respectively; P < 0.001). Initially, the mean patient satisfaction scores were nearly identical in both groups (97%) until patients in group A were made aware of this difference in time duration, at which their mean satisfaction score decreased to 76.4% (P = 0.05). The use of telehealth as a tool in the treatment of nondisplaced pediatric elbow fractures is appealing. Patients managed via telehealth had higher satisfaction rates and spent only a third of the time for their clinical encounter.
Eleven Principles for Teaching Quality Improvement Virtually: Engaging With Geographically Distributed Learners
Authors: Bryan Jennifer L. , Stewart Diana E. , Uriarte Jessica , Hernandez Alexandra , Naik Aanand D. , Godwin Kyler M.
Published: November 2018

Health care professionals in the United States are expected to engage in quality improvement (QI) as part of their daily practice. This has created the need for QI training at all levels of health professional education. A reported barrier to increasing QI-trained health care professionals is the lack of QI-trained faculty at health care institutions and the limited availability of practitioners, given their daily clinical demands. E-learning is a potential solution. E-learning allows learning outside the traditional classroom setting, where instructors can flexibly deliver practical QI curricula to an interprofessional audience in multiple practice locations. The 11 principles presented in this article are derived from established evidence and experience and provide QI educators with practical principles for course design, implementation, and learner feedback of an e-learning course in QI.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs to Improve GI Recovery After Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Chapman Stephen J. , Garner Joesph J. , Drake Thomas M. , Aldaffaa Mohammed , Jayne David G.
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:

The management of delayed GI recovery after surgery is an unmet challenge. Uncertainty over its pathophysiology has limited previous research, but recent evidence identifies intestinal inflammation and activation of µ-opioid receptors as key mechanisms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended by enhanced recovery protocols for their opioid-sparing and anti-inflammatory properties.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to improve GI recovery and to identify opportunities for future research.

DATA SOURCES:

MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception up to January 2018.

STUDY SELECTION:

Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on GI recovery after elective colorectal surgery were eligible.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Postoperative GI recovery, including first passage of flatus, stool, and oral tolerance, were measured.

RESULTS:

Six randomized controlled trials involving 563 participants were identified. All of the participants received patient-controlled morphine and either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nonselective: n = 4; cyclooxygenase-2 selective: n = 1; either: n = 1) or placebo. Patients receiving the active drug had faster return of flatus (mean difference: –17.73 h (95% CI, –21.26 to –14.19 h); p < 0.001), stool (–9.52 h (95% CI, –14.74 to –4.79 h); p < 0.001), and oral tolerance (–12.00 h (95% CI, –18.01 to –5.99 h); p < 0.001). Morphine consumption was reduced in the active groups of 4 studies (average reduction, 12.9–30.0 mg), and 1 study demonstrated significantly reduced measures of systemic inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not associated with adverse events, but 1 study was temporarily suspended for safety.

LIMITATIONS:

The data presented are relatively outdated but represent the best available evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may represent an effective and accessible intervention to improve GI recovery, but hesitancy over their use after colorectal surgery persists. Additional preclinical research to characterize their mechanisms of action, followed by well-designed clinical studies to test safety and patient-reported efficacy, should be considered.