bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstrating the involvement of an active efflux mechanism in the intestinal absorption of chlorogenic acid and quinic acid using a Caco-2 bidirectional permeability assay
Authors: Mortelé Olivier , Jörissen Jennifer , Spacova Irina , Lebeer Sarah , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Hermans Nina
Published: December 2020

The intestinal absorption of chlorogenic acid and quinic acid was investigated using anin vitrobidirectional Caco-2 permeability assay and LC-MS/MS.
Recent developments in organocatalysed transformations of epoxides and carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Guo Liping , Lamb Katie J. , North Michael
Published: December 2020

The synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide using metal-free catalyst systems is critically reviewed.
Adsorption properties of acetylene, ethylene and ethane in UiO-66 with linker defects and NO2 functionalization
Authors: Pandey H. , Barrett T. , Gross M. D. , Thonhauser T.
Published: December 2020

Using calorimetry and ab initio simulations, we uncover atomic-level details of the loading/separation process of C2 hydrocarbons in UiO-66.
Peptide-based nanomaterials for gene therapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Qing , Wu Feng , Dai Jun , Ding Defang , Wu Jun , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: December 2020

We review several recent advancements of peptide-based nanomaterials and highlight their important roles in the application of gene therapy.
Ex vivo binding studies of the anti-cancer drug noscapine with human hemoglobin: a spectroscopic and molecular docking study
Authors: Chugh Heerak , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Neeraj , Gaur Rajesh K. , Dhawan Gagan , Chandra Ramesh
Published: December 2020

Noscapine binds human hemoglobin spontaneously forming a stable complex that affects noscapine's ADMET profile, bioavailability and toxicity.
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of new N-allyl quinoxalinecarboxamides and their O-regioisomers
Authors: Aboelmagd A. , El Rayes S. M. , Gomaa M. S. , Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Fathalla Walid , Pottoo F. H. , Khan Firdos A. , Khalifa Mohamed E.
Published: December 2020

We have designed a series of quinoxalinepeptidomimetic derivatives based on our previously reported scaffold in an attempt to find a promising lead compound.
Pt-core silica shell nanostructure: a robust catalyst for the highly corrosive sulfuric acid decomposition reaction in sulfur iodine cycle to produce hydrogen
Authors: Khan Hassnain Abbas , Jung Kwang-Deog , Ahamad Tansir , Ubaidullah Mohd , Imran Muhammad , Alshehri Saad M.
Published: December 2020

The platinum core silica shell catalyst has facilitated stable sulfuric acid decomposition at high-temperature which was not possible over bare Pt nanoparticles due to sintering and agglomeration.
Asymmetric epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by rare-earth metal amides RE[N(SiMe3)2]3with chiral TADDOL ligands
Authors: Shan Haiwen , Lu Chengrong , Zhao Bei , Yao Yingming
Published: December 2020

The first application of rare-earth metal catalyst combined with TADDOLs in the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones is disclosed.
Synthesis and characterization of a conjugated porphyrin dyad entangled with carboxyl functionalized benzimidazolium: an efficient metal free sensitizer for DSSCs
Authors: Bhuse Darpan V. , Bhagat Pundlik R.
Published: December 2020

Synthesis of a novel metal free porphyrin dyad with excellent electronic coupling and anti-aggregating stability via strong anchoring to semiconductor through six carboxyl groups exhibiting 6.9% PCE in a truly energy generating DSSC.
Photonic materials derived from the [closo-B10H10]2−anion: tuning photophysical properties in [closo-B10H8-1-X-10-(4-Y-NC5H5)]−
Authors: Kapuściński Szymon , Abdulmojeed Mustapha B. , Schafer Tegan E. , Pietrzak Anna , Hietsoi Oleksandr , Friedli Andrienne C. , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: December 2020

Substitution of the parent [closo-B10H9-1-NC5H5]−either at the B(10) position or at the pyridine ring tunes absorption and emission energy.
Morphology control of perovskite films: a two-step, all solution process for conversion of lead selenide into methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Shor Peled Sa’ar , Perez Maayan , Meron Dafna , Osherov Anna , Bulovic Vladimir , Katz Eugene A. , Golan Yuval
Published: December 2020

We describe a two-step, all solution process for converting lead selenide thin films into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite material.
Constructing high efficiency non-fullerene all-small-molecule ternary organic solar cells by employing structurally similar acceptors
Authors: Huang Ziyun , Zhou Ruimin , Lv Min , Zhang Hao , Yang Chen , Shi Yanan , Tang Yi , Zhang Jianqi , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: December 2020

Constructing high efficiency non-fullerene all-small-molecule ternary organic solar cells by employing structurally similar acceptors.
Cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides by highly nucleophilic 4-aminopyridines: establishing a relationship between carbon basicity and catalytic performance by experimental and DFT investigations
Authors: Natongchai Wuttichai , Luque-Urrutia Jesús Antonio , Phungpanya Chalida , Solà Miquel , D'Elia Valerio , Poater Albert , Zipse Hendrik
Published: December 2020

New highly nucleophilic homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts based on the 3,4-diaminopyridine scaffold are reported for the halogen-free cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides.
Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes
Authors: Saptal Vitthal B. , Wang Ruibin , Park Sehoon
Published: December 2020

This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
Rib shaped carbon catalyst derived from Zea mays L. cob for ketalization of glycerol
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Sarma Anil Kumar , Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Gera Poonam
Published: December 2020

In the present work, the activated carbon was derived from corncob via NaOH activation for solketal production.
Synthesis of renewable aviation fuel additives with aromatic aldehydes and methyl isobutyl ketone under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Han Fengan , Xu Jingyuan , Li Guangyi , Xu Jilei , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Zhang Tao , Li Ning
Published: December 2020

High-density and low freezing point dicycloalkanes were synthesized by the aldol condensation of methyl isobutyl ketone with aromatic aldehydes followed by hydrodeoxygenation under solvent-free conditions.
Rational construction of hierarchical SAPO-34 with enhanced MTO performance without an additional meso/macropore template
Authors: Liang Yafei , Gao Beibei , Zhou Lipeng , Yang Xiaomei , Lu Tianliang , Yao Hongchang , Su Yunlai
Published: December 2020

A facile approach has been developed to fabricate hierarchical SAPO-34 with large intracrystalline meso/macropores and excellent catalytic performance in the MTO reaction.
Rational design of bimetallic Rh0.6Ru0.4 nanoalloys for enhanced nitrogen reduction electrocatalysis under mild conditions
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Xuejing , Zhang Shen , Zhao Jie , Xu Xiaolong , Du Yu , Sun Xu , Zhang Nuo , Zhang Yong , Ren Xiang , Wei Qin
Published: December 2020

As an effective eNRR catalyst, bimetallic RhRu nanoalloys (NAs) with cross-linked curly nanosheets were successfully prepared and exhibited exciting results in the eNRR process.
Phase evolution during lithium–indium halide superionic conductor dehydration
Authors: Sacci Robert L. , Bennett Tyler H. , Drews Andrew R. , Anandan Venkataramani , Kirkham Melanie J. , Daemen Luke L. , Nanda Jagjit
Published: December 2020

We follow the phase evolution during Li3InCl6 dehydration using a thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, XRD and neutron scattering approach. H2O removal allows Li to organize between InCl6 octahedral layers, and eventually leads to strain and grain boundary formation.
Ultrahigh energy storage performance of a polymer-based nanocomposite via interface engineering
Authors: Wang Peng , Pan Zhongbin , Wang Weilin , Hu Jianxu , Liu Jinjun , Yu Jinhong , Zhai Jiwei , Chi Qingguo , Shen Zhonghui
Published: December 2020

Multiscale internal/external interfaces are constructed to break the paradox of a high dielectric constant with decreased breakdown strength for superior energy storage capability. An ultrahigh discharged energy density of ∼25.26 J cm−3 is achieved.
Preparation of crosslinker-free anion exchange membranes with excellent physicochemical and electrochemical properties based on crosslinked PPO-SEBS
Authors: Sung Seounghwa , Chae Ji Eon , Min Kyungwhan , Kim Hyoung-Juhn , Nam Sang Yong , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: December 2020

With such excellent physicochemical and electrochemical properties, the crosslinked PPO-SEBS membrane shows high cell performance and durability.
Entropy-driven stabilization of the cubic phase of MaPbI3 at room temperature
Authors: Bonadio A. , Escanhoela C. A. , Sabino F. P. , Sombrio G. , de Paula V. G. , Ferreira F. F. , Janotti A. , Dalpian G. M. , Souza J. A.
Published: December 2020

Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is an important light-harvesting semiconducting material for solar-cell devices.
Topological materials and topologically engineered materials: properties, synthesis, and applications for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wei Bingqing
Published: December 2020

This review provides a summary of various energy-related topological materials and topologically engineered materials and explore the unique nontrivial topology properties and topological design toward their potential applications in energy fields.
Recent advances in co-delivery nanosystems for synergistic action in cancer treatment
Authors: Carvalho Bruna G. , Vit Franciele F. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Han Sang W. , de la Torre Lucimara G.
Published: December 2020

Recent progress in the design of nanocarriers for the codelivery of a drug/drug, drug/gene, and gene/gene for synergistic cancer therapeutic effects.
Detection and monitoring of the neuroprotective behavior of curcumin micelles based on an AIEgen probe
Authors: Jia Fujie , Chibhabha Fidelis , Yang Yaqi , Kuang Ying , Zhang Qin , Ullah Shahid , Liang Zibin , Xie Muke , Li Feng
Published: December 2020

Curcumin micelles have good solubility and inhibition of mitochondrial damage.
Development of leaf-adhesive pesticide nanocapsules with pH-responsive release to enhance retention time on crop leaves and improve utilization efficiency
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Zhi Heng , Liang Jie , Yu Manli , Cui Bo , Zhao Xiang , Sun Changjiao , Wang Yan , Cui Haixin , Zeng Zhanghua
Published: December 2020

Leaf-adhesive pesticide nanocapsules improve retention time on crop leaves and utilization efficiency of pest control.
Synthesis of PLA–poly(ether urethane)–PLA copolymers and design of biodegradable anti-adhesive membranes for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Zebiri Hadda , Van Den Berghe Hélène , Sayegh Syreina , Chammas Pierre-Emmanuel , Pompée Christian , Chammas Michel , Garric Xavier
Published: December 2020

We developed an anti-adhesive, biocompatible and biodegradable membrane based on a new PLA–PEU–PLA copolymer to effectively prevent peritendinous adhesions.
Relating transient electroluminescence lifetime and bulk transit time in OLED during switch-off
Authors: Nabha-Barnea Shiran , Gotleyb Dor , Yonish Adi , Shikler Rafi
Published: December 2020

The EL decay is attributed to the transit time, and it originates from the radiative recombination of newly formed singlet excitons during the discharge of the space-charge regions.
The impact of cation and anion pairing in ionic salts on surface defect passivation in cesium lead bromide nanocrystals
Authors: Yoon Lucy U. , Alpert Matthew R. , Luo Hongxi , Schapowal Michael I. , Holmgren Eric N. , Geise Geoffrey M. , Paolucci Christopher , Choi Joshua J.
Published: December 2020

Binding strength between cation and anion in a ligand has a major impact on their charge trap passivation efficacy.
Anchoring of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots on BN nanostructures for enhanced efficiency and stability: a comparative study
Authors: Yu Mengmeng , He Xin , Li Danyang , Lin Jing , Yu Chao , Fang Yi , Liu Zhenya , Guo Zhonglu , Huang Yang , Tang Chengchun
Published: December 2020

Anchoring of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots on BN nanostructures could be an effective way to keep them from degradation under certain conditions, however, their performances rely on the characteristics of the utilized BN nanostructures strongly.
Assessing the stability of Cd3As2 Dirac semimetal in humid environments: the influence of defects, steps and surface oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yanxue , Nappini Silvia , Sankar Raman , Bondino Federica , Gao Junfeng , Politano Antonio
Published: December 2020

The stability of Cd3As2 in humid environments is crucial for a successful technology transfer. Our study clarifies the key role of surface oxidation in the interaction of Cd3As2 with water molecules.
Perovskite quantum dots integrated with vertically aligned graphene toward ambipolar multifunctional photodetectors
Authors: Feng Xiaoqiang , He Zhengyi , Zhu Wei , Zhao Menghan , Liu Zhiduo , Yang Siwei , Tang Shiwei , Guo Qinglei , Jin Zhiwen , Chen Da , Ding Guqiao , Wang Gang
Published: December 2020

The photodetector exhibits outstanding performance at 1550 nm with high detectivity and photoresponsivity and a microsecond-level light response which is attributed to the synergistic effects of FAPbI3 QDs and VAGAs.
Bigger perturbations enhance higher trophic levels biomass, increase transfer efﬁciency and may sustain for bigger plankton biodiversity
Authors: Priyadarshi Anupam , Chandra Ram
Published: December 2020

Highly intermittent phytoplankton is ubiquitously observed when measurements are performed at micro-scale (< 1mm). The conventional way of plankton modelling is based on the mean-ﬁeld approach in which only the ﬁrst central-moment approximations is retained and ignored higher central moments). The conventional modeling approach may be suitable for mesoor bigger scale (km) but it is inappropriate for micro-scale (< 1mm) where observed overlap in the intermittent spatial distributions of predators and prey become more important for determining the ﬂow of nutrients and energy up the food chain. A new modelling approach called closure modelling is developed to account intermittent phytoplankton using Reynold’s decomposition from turbulence theory and retaining higher central moment approximations in Taylor series. In this study, we developed a NPZD compartmental model to describe the interactions of nutrient (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z) and detritus (D) using closure modelling which accounts mean and ﬂuctuating parts of these plankton variables. The results obtained in NPZD compartmental model conﬁrm that perturbation / heterogeneity supports higher trophic levels involved in the model. This reassured the earlier results observed in case of NP and NPZ models in which perturbations enhances P-biomass and Z-biomass respectively. It is observed that perturbation / heterogeneity and a statistical quantity called coeﬃcient of variations of phytoplankton (CVp) (ratio of standard deviation and mean) are positively associated in plankton ecosystems. The perturbations / heterogeneity leads to higher transfer eﬃciency (Z-biomass/P-biomass) in plankton ecosystems. These results are robust i.e. independent of parameters choices. Perturbation / heterogeneity eﬀects on community structure, species richness and may quantify the energy transfer along trophic levels through biological process from primary production to higher trophic levels. Based on our study, we hypothesize that the locations with high (CVp) are highly heterogeneous and have high transfer eﬃciency, while low (CVp) locations are less heterogeneous around Tokyo Bay.
Haar wavelet collocation method for linear ﬁrst order stiff differential equations
Authors: Atay Mehmet Tarık , Mertaslan Onur Metin , Ağca Musa Kasım , Yılmaz Abdülkadir , Toker Batuhan
Published: December 2020

In general, there are countless types of problems encountered from diﬀerent disciplines that can be represented by diﬀerential equations. These problems can be solved analytically in simpler cases; however, computational procedures are required for more complicated cases. Right at this point, the wavelet-based methods have been using to compute these kinds of equations in a more eﬀective way. The Haar Wavelet is one of the appropriate methods that belongs to the wavelet family using to solve stiﬀ ordinary diﬀerential equations (ODEs). In this study, The Haar Wavelet method is applied to stiﬀ diﬀerential problems in order to demonstrate the accuracy and eﬃcacy of this method by comparing the exact solutions. In comparison, similar to the exact solutions, the Haar wavelet method gives adequate results to stiﬀ diﬀerential problems.
The asymptotic behavior of a dynamical process coming from the development in continuous fractions
Authors: Bucur Maria-Liliana , Cerbulescu Cristina-Gabriela
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is the study of a dynamical process generated by a sequence of maps:

$${x_{n + 1}} = {f_n}\left( {{x_n}} \right)$$

where $${f_n}{\rm{ : }}\left( {0,\infty } \right){\rm{ }} \to \left( {0,\infty } \right){\rm{, }}{f_n}{\rm{ }}\left( x \right){\rm{ = }}{{{c_n}} \over {1 + x}}{\rm{ for all }}n{\rm{ }} \in {\rm{ }}N{\rm{ and }}{\left( {{c_n}} \right)_n}$$ is a a sequence of positive numbers.

This process is generated similar to continuous fractions development.

A continued fraction is an expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the inverse of another number, then writing this other number as the sum of its integer part and another inverse, and so on. In a ﬁnite continued fraction (or terminated continued fraction), the iteration is terminated after ﬁnitely many steps by using an integer in stead of another continued fraction. In contrast, an inﬁnite continued fraction is an inﬁnite expression. In either case, all integers in the sequence, other than the ﬁrst, must be positive. The integers are called the coeﬃcients or terms of the continued fraction.

We will study the pre-equilibrium points for this process, the attraction basins and the stability.
On the Ψ-asymptotic equivalence of the Ψ-bounded solutions of two Lyapunov matrix differential equations
Authors: Diamandescu Aurel
Published: December 2020

Using Schauder Tychonoﬀ ﬁxed point theorem and the technique of Kronecker product of matrices, we prove existence results for Ψ-asymptotic equivalence of the Ψ-bounded solutions of two Lyapunov matrix diﬀerential equations.
A study of a three-dimensional competitive Lotka–Volterra system
Authors: Munteanu Florian
Published: December 2020

In this paper we will consider a community of three mutually competing species modeled by the Lotka–Volterra system:

$$ {\left\{ {\dot x} \right._i} = {x_i}\left( {{b_i} - \sum\limits_{i = 1}^3 {{a_{ij}}{x_j}} } \right),i = 1,2,3 $$

where xi(t) is the population size of the i-th species at time t, Ẋi denote $${{dxi} \over {dt}}$$ and aij, bi are all strictly positive real numbers.

This system of ordinary diﬀerential equations represent a class of Kolmogorov systems. This kind of systems is widely used in the mathematical models for the dynamics of population, like predator-prey models or diﬀerent models for the spread of diseases.

A qualitative analysis of this Lotka-Volterra system based on dynamical systems theory will be performed, by studying the local behavior in equilibrium points and obtaining local dynamics properties.
Well-posedness of the linear heat equation with a second order memory term
Authors: Niţă Constantin , Temereancă Laurenţiu Emanuel
Published: December 2020

In this article we prove that the heat equation with a memory term on the one-dimensional torus has a unique solution and we study the smoothness properties of this solution. These properties are related with some smoothness assumptions imposed to the initial data of the problem and to the source term.
On a cotangent form of a nonholonomic lagrangian dynamics
Authors: Popescu Paul , Popescu Marcela
Published: December 2020

A Lagrangian form of dynamic equations for nonlinear nonholonomic constraints was studied by the ﬁrst author in a previous paper. The aim of this paper is to put these equations in a cotangent form, according to some regularity conditions. It is particularized as an example to a decelerated motion of a free particle, when some dual simple equations are obtained.
Study on Trusted Computing and Measurement Certification Technology of On-Board Operating System
Authors: Gao Jianjun , Yan Wen , Shi Junru , Liu Mingming , Yao Hongjing , Guo Yangming
Published: December 2020

Based on the complexity of space environment and the limitation of space resources, a dynamic metric authentication method for spaceborne operating system with the trusted chip support is proposed, and the configurable key metric object identification scheme and verification strategy are given. In this method, Key measurement objects and measurement strategies can be set according to the key level of on-board application. The critical application processes in operation can be measured and verified periodically, then a system security protection verification mechanism for on-board software is obtained. The experimental results show that the dynamic measurement method improves the reliability of the system, and the performance meets the requirements of on-board applications, which has great practical value.
Generalized q-ROF TODIM Decision-Making Method Considering Attribute Correlation
Authors: Zhou Yannian , Xu Tong , Hu Bin
Published: December 2020

Aiming at solving the problem of q-ROF fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making with attribute relevance, a generalized q-ROF TODIM decision-making method considering attribute correlation is proposed in this paper. According to the generalized TODIM decision method, the profit or loss values of each scheme relative to other schemes are calculated, and the idea of Choquet integral is used to integrate the income or loss values of all attributes of the scheme in the case of attribute association, the overall perceived dominance of each scheme is calculated, and the alternative schemes are ranked according to the overall perceived dominance of the scheme. Finally, combined with an example, the influence of parameter changed on the decision-making results is analyzed, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified.
Upgrading qualifications as a means of professional advancement and success
Authors: Makeeva Elena , Lopukhova Yulia , Spaubeck Josef
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to find out whether upgrading university teachers’ qualifications would enhance their professional advancement and success. To address these issues, this paper presents a research held in Samara State Technical University for three years. The participants of the study were 15 university teachers who were staff members of the Department of Linguistics, Intercultural Communication and Russian as a Foreign Language. These teachers were given an opportunity to obtain new competencies aimed at implementing the university strategy by taking additional training programmes and upgrading qualifications courses. This paper aims explores these teachers experiences and outcomes and demonstrates that professional development is not always connected with mastering teaching skills but can serve as a means of promoting university strategy and achieving personal goals.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clinical Practices of Dental Professionals during COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Almas Khalid , Khan Abdul Samad , Tabassum Afsheen , Nazir Muhammad Ashraf , Afaq Ashar , Majeed Abdul
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of dental professionals regarding the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pakistan.

Materials and Methods General dentists and dental specialists working in public and private dental practices, hospitals, and academic institutions participated in this cross-sectional study. A pilot-tested questionnaire was sent to dental professionals through an online link in Pakistan and data collection was completed in April-May 2020. The knowledge score was calculated from 22 variables about the COVID-19.

Results The study included data of 343 dental professionals with 47.2% of males and 52.8% of females. The mean knowledge score was 16.78 ± 2.25, and it significantly differed between general dentists (16.55 ± 2.36) and dental specialists (17.15 ± 2.04) (p = 0.020), and those with up to 10 years of experience (16.58 ± 2.28) and those with more than 10 years of experience (17.05 ± 2.2) (p = 0.026). Only 15.5% of the participants were comfortable in treating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A workshop/seminar on the COVID-19 was attended by 23% of the participants. In multivariate analysis, being comfortable in treating patients (odds ratio = 3.31, 95% confidence interval = 1.63, 6.73) was associated with the attendance of workshop/seminar on COVID-19.

Conclusions Dental professionals had adequate knowledge about COVID-19, but a few of them were comfortable in treating patients during the pandemic. A minority of dental professionals attended a workshop/seminar on the COVID-19. Continuous education activities should be provided to dental professionals to enhance their role in the prevention of COVID-19 spread and promotion of oral health.
Pyridoxine Therapy: Not Just the Dose, the Duration Matters Too
Authors: Chidambaram Aakash Chandran , Talwar Milan , Kasinathan Ananthanarayanan , Gulati Reena , Selvan Tamil
Published: December 2020

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) (OMIM 266100) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysine metabolism secondary to antiquitin deficiency. The prototypical presentation is intractable neonatal seizures that do not respond to conventional antiseizure medication but are well controlled by pyridoxine supplementation. Atypical forms account for one-third of the PDE spectrum and may escape early diagnosis. The common atypical presentations include the prenatal onset of seizures, seizures onset as delayed as 3 years of age, autism, arrested hydrocephalus, and fetal ventriculomegaly. Herein, we describe a 9-month-old child with neonatal-onset refractory seizures who failed two short trials of pyridoxine therapy and was later diagnosed with PDE by molecular studies. Regardless of the therapeutic response, a prolonged course of pyridoxine therapy is justified to identify delayed responders in infants with drug-refractory epilepsy of no apparent etiology.
Response to Steroids in IQSEC2-Related Encephalopathy Presenting with Rett-Like Phenotype and Infantile Spasms
Authors: Nagabushana Divya , Chatterjee Aparajita , Kenchaiah Raghavendra , Asranna Ajay , Arunachal Gautham , Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary
Published: December 2020

Introduction IQSEC2-related encephalopathy is an X-linked childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. This disorder is caused by a mutation in the IQSEC2 gene, the product of which plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system.

Case Report We describe the symptomatology, clinical course, and management of a 17-month-old male child with a novel IQSEC2 mutation. He presented with an atypical Rett syndrome phenotype with developmental delay, autistic features, midline stereotypies, microcephaly, hypotonia and epilepsy with multiple seizure types including late-onset infantile spasms. Spasms were followed by worsening of behavior and cognition, and regression of acquired milestones. Treatment with steroids led to control of spasms and improved attention, behavior and recovery of lost motor milestone. In the past 10 months following steroid therapy, child lags in development, remains autistic with no further seizure recurrence.

Conclusion IQSEC2-related encephalopathy may present with Rett atypical phenotypes and childhood spasms. In resource-limited settings, steroids may be considered for spasm remission in IQSEC2-related epileptic encephalopathy.
Chimerism 47,XY, + 8/46,XX: Follow-up for 11 Years
Authors: de Carvalho Acácia Fernandes Lacerda , Pitanga Paula Monique Leite , Alves Esmeralda Santos , Miguel Diego Santana Chaves Geraldo , Santo Laila Damasceno Espirito , de Araújo Ana Eliete Fernandes , Ornellas Ana Carolina Pereira , Toralles Maria Betânia Pereira
Published: December 2020

Approximately 30 sex chromosome discordant chimera cases have been reported to date. In particular, there are few reported cases of chimerism involving coexisting normal and abnormal lineages that each carries a distinct sex chromosome complement. To our knowledge, this is the first case of sexual chimerism with a simultaneous chromosomal aneuploidy involving chromosome 8. This report represents the data from 11 years of follow-up.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in a Child with Mild Symptoms and Atypical Course
Authors: Koç Elif , Yıldırım Şule
Published: December 2020

The number of children infected with new type coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is relatively small; its atypical, mild, and unexpected clinical pictures can be suggested as the reason. In this article, we reported a 25-month-old girl patient without any symptom besides high fever and who had no risk factor or suspicious contact. Also, she developed maculopapular rash that is not reported before in the COVID-19 patients to the best of our knowledge. In the pandemic states, any symptom should be evaluated as potential COVID-19 and detection and isolation of these cases are necessary as it can affect dissemination.
Bacteremia-Induced Cholestatic Jaundice as a Major Manifestation of Pneumococcal Infection in a Healthy Toddler
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Taketazu Genya , Mukai Tokuo , Sakata Hiroshi , Oki Junichi
Published: December 2020

The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases. However, the incidence of bacteremia due to nonvaccine serotypes has increased. Therefore, it is important to recognize the symptoms and complications of pneumococcal infection to expedite diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a 22-month-old patient diagnosed with pneumococcal bacteremia who presented with cholestatic jaundice and fever without any other signs of systemic sepsis. The patient's condition improved soon after antibacterial therapy. Other causes of jaundice were possibly ruled out based on the screening test for viral hepatitis, and there were no abnormal findings on abdominal ultrasonography. Therefore, the present case suggests that cholestatic jaundice could be a manifestation of pneumococcal bacteremia.
Higher surface uniformity makes for a better perovskite solar cell
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2020

Data from X-ray measurements emphasizes the importance of controlling local chemistry in perovskite-based devices.
Finding the best dopant to detect carbon dioxide with graphene
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2020

First-principles calculations predict the CO 2  gas adsorption of graphene doped with nine different structures in the hopes of eventually creating gas sensors that could help slow global warming.
Validation of gyrokinetic simulations in NSTX and projections for high-k turbulence measurements in NSTX-U
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz J. , Guttenfelder W. , White A. E. , Howard N. T. , Candy J. , Ren Y. , Smith D. R. , Loureiro N. F. , Holland C. , Domier C. W.
Published: December 2020

An extensive validation effort performed for a modest-beta NSTX NBI-heated H-mode discharge predicts that electron thermal transport can be entirely explained by electron-scale turbulence fluctuations driven by the electron temperature gradient mode (ETG), both in conditions of strong and weak ETG turbulence drive. Thermal power-balance estimates computed by TRANSP as well as the shape of the high-k density fluctuation wavenumber spectrum and the fluctuation level ratio between strongly driven and weakly driven ETG-turbulence conditions can be matched by nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations and a synthetic diagnostic for high-k scattering. Linear gyrokinetic simulations suggest that the ion-scale instability in the weak ETG condition is close to the critical threshold for the kinetic ballooning mode instability, and nonlinear ion-scale gyrokinetic simulations show that turbulence might be in a state reminiscent of a Dimits' shift regime, opening speculation on the role that ion-scale turbulence might play for the weak ETG condition. A simulation that matched all experimental constraints is chosen to project high-k turbulence spectra in NSTX-U, revealing that the new high-k system [R. Barchfeld et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 10C114 (2018)] should be sensitive to density fluctuations from radially elongated streamer structures. Two schemes are designed to characterize the radial and poloidal wavenumber dependence of the density fluctuation wavenumber power spectrum around the streamer peak, suggesting future high-k fluctuation measurements could be sensitive to an asymmetry in the kr spectrum introduced due to the presence of strong background flow shear.
Statistical characteristics of the SOL turbulence in the first divertor plasma operation of W7-X using a reciprocating probe
Authors: Liu S. C. , Liang Y. , Wang H. Q. , Killer C. , Drews P. , Knieps A. , Han X. , Grulke O. , Krämer-Flecken A. , Xu G. S. , Yan N. , Höschen D. , Nicolai D. , Satheeswaran G. , Geiger J. , Henkel M. , Huang Z. , König R. , Li Y. , Neubauer O. , Rahbarnia K. , Sandri N. , Schweer B. , Wang E. H. , Wang Y. M. , Xu S. , Gao X. ,   W7-X Team
Published: December 2020

The statistical characteristics of the scrape-off layer (SOL) turbulence have been investigated in the first divertor plasma operation of W7-X using a reciprocating probe. The turbulence spectra, auto-correlation time and the statistical parameters are analyzed in three magnetic configurations. In standard and high mirror configurations, the SOL turbulence can be classified into four patterns from the outer SOL to the inner SOL, and each pattern is characterized by the poloidal cross correlation spectrum and the turbulence propagation property. A strong dependence of the SOL turbulence on the magnetic topology is demonstrated experimentally. In high iota configuration, the SOL island is relatively narrow and consequently the fluctuation level of turbulence is weak in the far SOL but enhanced significantly in the near SOL. In the reversed field case, the SOL turbulence reveals similar propagation properties and statistical parameters with those in the normal field case, demonstrating the same turbulence structure in both toroidal field directions.
Research on an unconfined spheromak and its current path in a magnetized coaxial plasma gun
Authors: Qi Liangwen , Song Jian , Zhao Chongxiao , Bai Xiaodong , Zhao Fantao , Yan Huijie , Ren Chunsheng , Wang Dezhen
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of plasma and ejection characteristics of spheromaks produced by a magnetized coaxial plasma gun are studied. By placing three magnetic probes at various axial positions, the distribution of current paths in the gun is found to vary in two distinct discharge modes. During the first half-period of a discharge, the plasma moves forward in the form of a current sheet, while the diffuse distribution of current paths in the second half-period indicates a deflagration mode. The evolution images and photodiode signals of the plasma show that only a single spheromak is ejected during the entire discharge. This is because the diffuse current paths reduce the J×B Lorentz force on the leading-edge plasma, which cannot be ejected from the gun. In addition, the existence of kinks in the plasma flow in two discharge modes proves that the instability is driven by Er×Bz drift, which causes rotation of the central column. Spheromak velocities increase linearly with discharge current amplitude but are inversely proportional to the gas puff mass. In ejected spheromaks, both toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields are axisymmetric, with field strength increasing with discharge current. During magnetic reconnection events, the toroidal electric field Vz×Br drives toroidal current that generates an additional poloidal field that amplifies the starting magnetic field in the spheromak plasma. This study clarifies the relationship between the formation of a single spheromak and the current distribution, and also provides a new way to optimize the spheromak's injection performance.
Isoenergetic two-photon excitation enhances solvent-to-solute excited-state proton transfer
Authors: Lahiri Jurick , Moemeni Mehdi , Kline Jessica , Magoulas Ilias , Yuwono Stephen H. , Laboe Maryann , Shen Jun , Borhan Babak , Piecuch Piotr , Jackson James E. , Blanchard G. J. , Dantus Marcos
Published: December 2020

Two-photon excitation (TPE) is an attractive means for controlling chemistry in both space and time. Since isoenergetic one- and two-photon excitations (OPE and TPE) in non-centrosymmetric molecules are allowed to reach the same excited state, it is usually assumed that they produce similar excited-state reactivity. We compare the solvent-to-solute excited-state proton transfer of the super photobase FR0-SB following isoenergetic OPE and TPE. We find up to 62% increased reactivity following TPE compared to OPE. From steady-state spectroscopy, we rule out the involvement of different excited states and find that OPE and TPE spectra are identical in non-polar solvents but not in polar ones. We propose that differences in the matrix elements that contribute to the two-photon absorption cross sections lead to the observed enhanced isoenergetic reactivity, consistent with the predictions of our high-level coupled-cluster-based computational protocol. We find that polar solvent configurations favor greater dipole moment change between ground and excited states, which enters the probability for TPE as the absolute value squared. This, in turn, causes a difference in the Franck–Condon region reached via TPE compared to OPE. We conclude that a new method has been found for controlling chemical reactivity via the matrix elements that affect two-photon cross sections, which may be of great utility for spatial and temporal precision chemistry.
Biomimetic composite architecture achieves ultrahigh rate capability and cycling life of sodium ion battery cathodes
Authors: Shin Kang Ho , Park Sul Ki , Nakhanivej Puritut , Wang Yixian , Liu Pengcheng , Bak Seong-Min , Choi Min Sung , Mitlin David , Park Ho Seok
Published: December 2020

Sodium ion batteries are an emerging candidate to replace lithium ion batteries in large-scale electrical energy storage systems due to the abundance and widespread distribution of sodium. Despite the growing interest, the development of high-performance sodium cathode materials remains a challenge. In particular, polyanionic compounds are considered as a strong cathode candidate owing to their better cycling stability, a flatter voltage profile, and stronger thermal stability compared to other cathode materials. Here, we report the rational design of a biomimetic bone-inspired polyanionic Na3V2(PO4)3-reduced graphene oxide composite (BI-NVP) cathode that achieves ultrahigh rate charging and ultralong cycling life in a sodium ion battery. At a charging rate of 1 C, BI-NVP delivers 97% of its theoretical capacity and is able to retain a voltage plateau even at the ultra-high rate of 200 C. It also shows long cycling life with capacity retention of 91% after 10 000 cycles at 50 C. The sodium ion battery cells with a BI-NVP cathode and Na metal anode were able to deliver a maximum specific energy of 350 W h kg−1 and maximum specific power of 154 kW kg−1. In situ and postmortem analyses of cycled BI-NVP (including by Raman and XRD spectra) HRTEM, and STEM-EELS, indicate highly reversible dilation–contraction, negligible electrode pulverization, and a stable NVP-reduced graphene oxide layer interface. The results presented here provide a rational and biomimetic material design for the electrode architecture for ultrahigh power and ultralong cyclability of the sodium ion battery full cells when paired with a sodium metal anode.
Simulating two-phase taxi service process by random walk theory
Authors: Nie Wei-Peng , Zhao Zhi-Dan , Cai Shi-Min , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2020

City taxi service systems have been empirically studied by a number of data-driven methods. However, their underlying mechanisms are hard to understand because the present mathematical models neglect to explain a (whole) taxi service process that includes a pair of on-load phase and off-load phase. In this paper, by analyzing a large amount of taxi servicing data from a large city in China, we observe that the taxi service process shows different temporal and spatial features according to the on-load phase and off-load phase. Moreover, our correlation analysis results demonstrate the lack of dependence between the on-load phase and the off-load phase. Hence, we introduce two independent random walk models based on the Langevin equation to describe the underlying mechanism and to understand the temporal and spatial features of the taxi service process. Our study attempts to formulate the mathematical framework for simulating the taxi service process and better understanding of its underlying mechanism.
Emergence of spin–orbit torques in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: A status update
Authors: Husain Sajid , Gupta Rahul , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Prabhat , Behera Nilamani , Brucas Rimantas , Chaudhary Sujeet , Svedlindh Peter
Published: December 2020

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in two-dimensional (2D) materials has emerged as a powerful tool for designing spintronic devices. On the one hand, the interest in this respect for graphene, the most popular 2D material with numerous fascinating and exciting properties, is fading due to the absence of SOC. On the other hand, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known to exhibit rich physics including large SOC. TMDs have been used for decades in a variety of applications such as nano-electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensing, and recently also in spintronics. Here, we review the current progress in research on 2D TMDs for generating spin–orbit torques in spin-logic devices. Several challenges connecting to thin film growth, film thickness, layer symmetry, and transport properties and their impact on the efficiency of spintronic devices are reviewed. How different TMDs generate spin–orbit torques in magnetic heterostructures is discussed in detail. Relevant aspects for improving the quality of the thin film growth as well as the efficiency of the generated spin–orbit torques are discussed together with future perspectives in the field of spin-orbitronics.
Effect of AlGaN interlayer on the GaN/InGaN/GaN/AlGaN multi-quantum wells structural properties toward red light emission
Authors: Ruterana Pierre , Morales Magali , Chery Nicolas , Ngo Thi Huong , Chauvat Marie-Pierre , Lekhal Kaddour , Damilano Benjamin , Gil Bernard
Published: December 2020

In this work, InGaN/GaN multi-quantum Wells (MQWs) with strain compensating AlGaN interlayers grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy have been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). For different AlGaN strain compensating layer thicknesses varying from 0 to 10.6 nm, a detailed x-ray diffraction analysis shows that the MQW stack becomes completely strained on GaN along a and c. The compensation is full from an AlGaN layer thickness of 5.2 nm, and this does not change up to the largest one that has been investigated. In this instance, AlGaN was grown at the same temperature as the GaN barrier, on top of a protective 3 nm GaN. It is found that the crystalline quality of the system is progressively degraded when the thickness of the AlGaN interlayer is increased through strain concentrated domains, which randomly form inside the 3 nm GaN low temperature layer. These domains systematically contribute to a local decrease of the QW thickness and most probably to an efficient localization of carriers. Despite these defects, the PL is highly improved toward the red wavelengths and compares with the reports on ultrathin AlGaN layers where this has been correlated with the improvement of the crystalline quality, although with less strain compensation.
Scalable fabrication of long-wave infrared PtSe2-G heterostructure array photodetectors
Authors: Long Mingsheng , Liu Fengkui , Ding Fei , Wang Yang , Ye Jiafu , Xie Runzhang , Wang Hao , Xu Mengjian , Wang Fang , Tu Yubing , Han Tao , Li Feng , Zhang Zongyuan , Liu Liwei
Published: December 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with excellent optoelectronic properties have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. The promising performances of photodetectors based on 2D materials, such as ultrafast photoresponse and ultrahigh photoresponsivity, have been demonstrated in the visible to short-wavelength infrared spectrum range (0.8–2 μm). However, high performance, room temperature operation long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodetection is challenging. The detectors based on graphene usually exhibit low photoresponsivity due to the low optical absorption and short carrier lifetime. In addition, the relatively large bandgap of transition metal dichalcogenides limited the photoresponse bandwidth. Here, we report a way to fabricate a scalable device array of room-temperature operation LWIR PtSe2-G heterostructure detectors. The photoresponsivity at 10.6 μm up to ∼300 mA/W is obtained. The long-wave infrared light in the pico-watt range could be detected at room temperature by the PtSe2-G heterostructure detector. This result indicates that the PtSe2-G heterostructure device could be a highly competitive candidate for an uncooled LWIR detector. It also opens a way for a scalable array infrared focus plane device for the LWIR image.
Opto-electronic memristors: Prospects and challenges in neuromorphic computing
Authors: Emboras Alexandros , Alabastri Alessandro , Lehmann Paul , Portner Kevin , Weilenmann Christoph , Ma Ping , Cheng Bojun , Lewerenz Mila , Passerini Elias , Koch Ueli , Aeschlimann Jan , Ducry Fabian , Leuthold Juerg , Luisier Mathieu
Published: December 2020

Memristive-based electro-optical neuromorphic hardware takes advantage of both the high-density of electronic circuits and the high bandwidth of their photonic counterparts, thus showing potential for low-power artificial intelligence applications. In this Perspective paper, we introduce a class of electro-optical memristors that can emulate the key properties of synapses and neurons, which are essential features for the realization of electro-optical neuromorphic functionalities. We then describe the challenges associated with existing technologies and finally give our viewpoint on possible developments toward an energy-efficient neuromorphic platform.