bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of human immunodeficiency virus and skeletal metastases in breast cancer using Tc-99m methyl diphosphonate bone scan
Authors: Maharaj Masha , Korowlay Nisaar
Published: June 2018

Skeletal involvement occurs in 30%–70% of all cancer patients, with breast cancer (BC) being the leading cause for bone metastases in women and prostate cancer in men followed by lung cancer. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is yet unknown what is the impact of HIV to the onset and progression of bone disease in BC. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of HIV infection and skeletal metastases in BC using skeletal scintigraphy. A retrospective analysis of 25 female BC patients' bone scans was performed. The 25 bone scans of 12 patients known HIV positive and 13 patients who were known HIV negative, of similar age and histology, were compared. All 13 HIV negative patients had a positive bone scan. Of the 12 HIV-positive patients, 4 patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had positive bone scans for skeletal metastases. The remaining eight HIV-positive patients had negative bone scans, of which six were on HAART and two were not on HAART. In our study, HIV infection was not found to be a contributing risk factor for skeletal metastases. From our small series, it appears that HIV patients and on HAART have a delay in the onset of skeletal metastases in BC.
Durkheim and the Internet
Authors: BLOMMAERT JAN
Published: June 2018

Sociolinguistic evidence is an undervalued resource for social theory. In this book, Jan Blommaert uses contemporary sociolinguistic insights to develop a new sociological imagination, exploring how we construct and operate in online spaces, and what the implications of this are for offline social practice.

Taking Émile Durkheim’s concept of the ‘social fact’ (social behaviours that we all undertake under the influence of the society we live in) as the point of departure, he first demonstrates how the facts of language and social interaction can be used as conclusive refutations of individualistic theories of society such as 'Rational Choice'. Next, he engages with theorizing the post-Durkheimian social world in which we currently live. This new social world operates 'offline' as well as 'online' and is characterized by 'vernacular globalization', Arjun Appadurai’s term to summarise the ways that larger processes of modernity are locally performed through new electronic media. Blommaert extrapolates from this rich concept to consider how our communication practices might offer a template for thinking about how we operate socially. Above all, he explores the relationship between sociolinguistics and social practice

In Durkheim and the Internet, Blommaert proposes new theories of social norms, social action, identity, social groups, integration, social structure and power, all of them animated by a deep understanding of language and social interaction. In drawing on Durkheim and other classical sociologists including Simmel and Goffman, this book is relevant to students and researchers working in sociolinguistics as well as offering a wealth of new insights to scholars in the fields of digital and online communications, social media, sociology, and digital anthropology
Occurrence and spatial distribution of neutral perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Schuster Jasmin , Jones Kevin C. , Gong Ping
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Due to their properties of bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long-range
atmospheric transport, polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and cyclic
volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) are currently being considered as emerging
persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for regulation. To date, there are
limited data on PFASs and cVMSs in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP),
a remote environment which can provide information on global background
conditions. Sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disc passive air
samplers were therefore deployed for 3 months (May to July 2011 and 2013)
at 16 locations across the TP. Using previously reported methods for
estimating the air volume sampled by SIP discs, the derived atmospheric
concentrations ranged as follows: 18–565 ng m−3 for ΣcVMS
(including D3, D4, D5, and D6); 65–223 pg m−3 for fluorotelomer
alcohols (ΣFTOHs); 1.2–12.8 pg m−3 for fluorinated
sulfonamides (ΣFOSA); and 0.29–1.02 pg m−3 for fluorinated
sulfonamidoethanols (ΣFOSE). The highest ΣcVMS occurred at
Lhasa, the capital city of the TP, indicating the local contribution to the
emerging pollutants. Higher levels of ΣFTOHs were observed at sites
close to the transport channel of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon,
indicating possible long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). Elevated
concentrations of shorter-chain volatile PFAS precursors (4 : 2 FTOH and
fluorobutane sulfonamidoethanol) were found in most air samples, reflecting
the shift in production from long- to short-chain PFASs in Asia. Overall,
concentrations of emerging POPs at background sites of the TP were 1–3
orders of magnitude higher than those reported for legacy POPs.
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?
Authors: Rae James W. B. , Broecker Wally
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water
present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern
Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO4* we show that
if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution,
then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean
bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to
75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of
water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a
significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that
ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean
waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if
their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most
promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep
water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility
of PO4* as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending
plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean
mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump.
Patterns of suspended particulate matter across the continental margin in the Canadian Beaufort Sea
Authors: Ehn Jens K. , Reynolds Rick A. , Stramski Dariusz , Doxaran David , Babin Marcel
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The particulate beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm, cp(660), was measured in conjunction with properties of suspended particle assemblages in August 2009 within the Canadian Beaufort Sea continental margin, a region heavily influenced by sediment discharge from the Mackenzie River. The suspended particulate matter mass concentration (SPM) ranged from 0.04 to 140 g m−3, its composition varied from mineral to organic-dominated, and the median particle diameter ranged determined over the range 0.7–120 μm varied from 0.78 to 9.45 μm, with the fraction of particles
Estimating global gross primary productivity using chlorophyll
fluorescence and a data assimilation system with the
BETHY-SCOPE model
Authors: Norton Alexander J. , Rayner Peter J. , Koffi Ernest N. , Scholze Marko , Silver Jeremy D. , Wang Ying-Ping
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the assimilation of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) into a terrestrial biosphere model to estimate the gross uptake of carbon through photosynthesis (GPP). We use the BETHY-SCOPE model to simulate both GPP and SIF in a process-based manner, going beyond a simple linear scaling between the two. We then use satellite SIF data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) for 2015 in the data assimilation system to constrain model GPP. The assimilation results in considerable improvement between model and observed SIF, despite difficulties in simulating large SIF values due partly to uncertainties in the prescribed LAI. SIF-optimized global GPP increases by 7 % to 137 ± 6 PgCyr−1 and shows improvement in its global distribution relative to independent estimates. This change in global GPP is driven by an overall decline in APAR and increase in the light-use efficiency of photosynthesis across almost all ecosystems. This process-based data assimilation opens up new pathways to the effective utilization of satellite SIF data that will improve our understanding of the global carbon cycle.
Assessments of the Northern Hemisphere snow cover response to 1.5 and 2.0 °C warming
Authors: Wang Aihui , Xu Lianlian , Kong Xianghui
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The 2015 Paris Agreement set a goal to pursue a global mean temperature below 1.5 °C and well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels. Although it is an important surface hydrology variable, the response of snow under different warming levels has not been well investigated. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow area extent (SAE), as well as the associated land surface air temperature (LSAT) over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) based on the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble project (CESM-LE), the CESM 1.5 and 2 °C projects, and the CMIP5 historical RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 products. The results show that the spatiotemporal variations in those modeled products are grossly consistent with observations. The projected SAE magnitude change in RCP2.6 is comparable to that in 1.5 °C, but lower than that in 2 °C. The snow cover differences between 1.5 and 2 °C are prominent during the second half of the 21st century. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of both SAE and LSAT over the majority of land areas are greater than 1, and for the long-term period, the dependences of SAE on LSAT changes are comparable for different ensemble products. The contribution of an increase in LSAT to the reduction of snow cover differs across seasons, with the greatest occurring in boreal autumn (49–55 %) and the lowest occurring in boreal summer (10–16 %). The snow cover uncertainties induced by the ensemble variability are invariant over time across CESM members but show an increase in the warming signal between the CMIP5 models. This feature reveals that the physical parameterization of the model plays the predominant role in long-term snow simulations, while they are less affected by internal climate variability.
Increased incidence, duration and intensity of groundwater drought associated with anthropogenic warming
Authors: Bloomfield John P. , Marchant Benjamin P. , McKenzie Andrew A.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Here we present the first empirical evidence for changes in groundwater droughts associated with anthropogenic warming in the absence of significant long-term trends in precipitation. Analysing standardised indices of monthly groundwater levels, precipitation and temperature, using two unique groundwater level data sets from the Chalk aquifer, UK for the period 1891 to 2015, we describe an increase in both the frequency and intensity of groundwater drought months, and an increase in frequency, duration and intensity of episodes of groundwater drought since 1891 associated with anthropogenic warming. We also identify a transition from coincidence of episodes of groundwater drought with precipitation droughts at the end of the 19th century, to an increasing coincidence with both precipitation droughts and with hot periods in the early 21st century. In the absence either of long-term changes in precipitation deficits during episodes of groundwater drought or long-term changes in the occurrence and intensity of consecutive dry winters, we infer that the changing nature of groundwater droughts is due to changes in evapotranspiration (ET) associated with anthropogenic warming. We note that although the water tables are relatively deep at the two study sites, a thick capillary fringe of at least 30 m in the Chalk means that ET should not be limited by precipitation at either site; that ET may be supported by groundwater through major episodes of groundwater drought; and, hence, long-term changes in ET associated with anthropogenic warming may drive long-term changes in groundwater drought phenomena in the Chalk aquifer. Given the extent of shallow groundwater globally, this phenomenon may be widespread in temperate environments.
Evaluation of the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to reproduce a sub-daily extreme rainfall event in Beijing, China using different domain configurations and spin-up times
Authors: Chu Qi , Xu Zongxue , Chen Yiheng , Han Dawei
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The rainfall outputs from the latest convection-scale
Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are shown to provide an
effective means of extending prediction lead times in flood forecasting. In
this study, the performance of the WRF model in simulating a regional
sub-daily extreme rainfall event centred over Beijing, China is evaluated at
high temporal (sub-daily) and spatial (convective-resolving) scales using
different domain configurations and spin-up times. Seven objective
verification metrics that are calculated against the gridded ground
observations and the ERA-Interim reanalysis are analysed jointly using
subjective verification methods to identify the likely best WRF
configurations. The rainfall simulations are found to be highly sensitive to
the choice of domain size and spin-up time at the convective scale. A model
run covering northern China with a 1 : 5 : 5 horizontal downscaling ratio
(1.62 km), 57 vertical layers (less than 0.5 km), and a 60 h spin-up time
exhibits the best performance in terms of the accuracy of rainfall intensity
and the spatial correlation coefficient (R′). A comparison of the optimal run
and the initial run performed using the most common settings reveals clear
improvements in the verification metrics. Specifically, R′ increases
from 0.226 to 0.67, the relative error of the maximum precipitation at a point
rises from −56 to −11.7 %, and the root mean squared error decreases
by 33.65 %. In summary, re-evaluation of the domain configuration options
and spin-up times used in WRF is crucial for improving the accuracy and
reliability of rainfall outputs used in applications related to regional sub-daily heavy rainfall (SDHR).
The benefit of seamless forecasts for hydrological predictions over Europe
Authors: Wetterhall Fredrik , Di Giuseppe Francesca
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Two different systems provide long-range forecasts at ECMWF. On the
sub-seasonal timescale, ECMWF issues an extended-range ensemble prediction
system (ENS-ER) which runs a 46-day forecast integration issued twice weekly.
On longer timescales, the current seasonal forecasting system (SYS4) produces
a 7-month outlook starting from the first of each month. SYS4 uses an older
model version and has lower spatial and temporal resolution than ENS-ER,
which is issued with the current operational ensemble forecasting system.
Given the substantial differences between the ENS-ER and the SYS4
configurations and the difficulties of creating a seamless integration,
applications that rely on weather forcing as input such as the European Flood
Awareness System (EFAS) often follow the route of the creation of two
separate systems for different forecast horizons. This study evaluates the
benefit of a seamless integration of the two systems for hydrological
applications and shows that the seamless system outperforms SYS4 in terms of
skill for the first 4 weeks, but both forecasts are biased. The
benefit of the new seamless system when compared to the seasonal forecast can
be attributed to (1) the use of a more recent model version in the
sub-seasonal range (first 46 days) and (2) the much more frequent updates of
the meteorological forecast.
Forcing the SURFEX/Crocus snow model with combined hourly meteorological forecasts and gridded observations in southern Norway
Authors: Luijting Hanneke , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Aspelien Trygve , Bakketun Åsmund , Homleid Mariken
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In Norway, 30 % of the annual precipitation falls as snow.
Knowledge of the snow reservoir is therefore important for energy production
and water resource management. The land surface model SURFEX with the
detailed snowpack scheme Crocus (SURFEX/Crocus) has been run with a grid
spacing of 1 km over an area in southern Norway for 2 years (1 September
2014–31 August 2016). Experiments were carried out using two different
forcing data sets: (1) hourly forecasts from the operational weather forecast
model AROME MetCoOp (2.5 km grid spacing) including post-processed
temperature (500 m grid spacing) and wind, and (2) gridded hourly observations
of temperature and precipitation (1 km grid spacing) combined with
meteorological forecasts from AROME MetCoOp for the remaining weather
variables required by SURFEX/Crocus. We present an evaluation of the modelled
snow depth and snow cover in comparison to 30 point observations of snow depth
and MODIS satellite images of the snow-covered area. The evaluation
focuses on snow accumulation and snowmelt. Both experiments are capable of
simulating the snowpack over the two winter seasons, but there is an
overestimation of snow depth when using meteorological forecasts from AROME
MetCoOp (bias of 20 cm and RMSE of 56 cm), although the snow-covered area
in the melt season is better represented by this experiment. The
errors, when using AROME MetCoOp as forcing, accumulate over the snow season.
When using gridded observations, the simulation of snow depth is
significantly improved (the bias for this experiment is 7 cm and RMSE 28 cm),
but the spatial snow cover distribution is not well captured during the
melting season. Underestimation of snow depth at high elevations (due to the
low elevation bias in the gridded observation data set) likely causes the
snow cover to decrease too soon during the melt season, leading to
unrealistically little snow by the end of the season. Our results show that
forcing data consisting of post-processed NWP data (observations assimilated
into the raw NWP weather predictions) are most promising for snow
simulations, when larger regions are evaluated. Post-processed NWP data
provide a more representative spatial representation for both high mountains
and lowlands, compared to interpolated observations. There is, however, an
underestimation of snow ablation in both experiments. This is generally due
to the absence of wind-induced erosion of snow in the SURFEX/Crocus model,
underestimated snowmelt and biases in the forcing data.
Permafrost Variability over the Northern Hemisphere Based on the MERRA-2 Reanalysis
Authors: Tao Jing , Koster Randal D. , Reichle Rolf H. , Forman Barton A. , Xue Yuan , Chen Richard H. , Moghaddam Mahta
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study introduces and evaluates a comprehensive, model-generated dataset of Northern Hemisphere permafrost conditions. Surface meteorological forcing fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data were used to drive an improved version of the land component of MERRA-2 in middle-to-high northern latitudes from 1980 to 2017. The resulting simulated permafrost distribution across the Northern Hemisphere captures well the observed extent of continuous permafrost except in Western Siberia, which is permafrost-free in the simulation. Noticeable discrepancies also appear along the southern edge of the permafrost region where sporadic and isolated permafrost types dominate. The evaluation of the simulated active layer thickness (ALT) climatology against in-situ measurements demonstrates reasonable skill except in Mongolia. In northern Alaska, both ALT retrievals from airborne remote sensing for 2015 and the corresponding simulated ALT exhibit reasonable accuracy vs. in-situ measurements. However, the remotely sensed ALT retrievals generally demonstrate lower levels of spatial variability than both the observed and simulated ALT. Controls on the spatial variability of ALT are examined with idealized numerical experiments focusing on northern Alaska; meteorological forcing and soil type are found to have dominant impacts on the spatial variability of ALT, with vegetation also playing a role through its modulation of snow accumulation. A correlation analysis further reveals that accumulated air temperature and maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) explain most of the year-to-year variability of ALT nearly everywhere over the model-simulated permafrost regions. Simulated ALT trends from 1980 to 2017 indicate that some permafrost areas are experiencing significant degradation, with ALT increasing up to 0.5 cm/year.
Understanding Necessity Entrepreneurship
Authors: Buheji Mohamad
Published: June 2018

Necessity Entrepreneurship (NE) haven’t been closely covered in literature, especially with the speed of development in the last half century and the influence on different socio-economic perspectives. In this book review paper NE is synthesised as a means for self-employment solution on demand. Services of necessity entrepreneurs’ survival and their type of mindset are reviewed, along with their best practices. Brazil success as a model NE country is covered as an example of what can any country do to move people out of poverty through NE schemes. Other NE schemes as: fall-back system, close mentorship and coaching are explored in this review to show their importance compared to financial support. The paper recommends clear transition programs of self-employment and self-reliance that goes beyond the government responsibility by calling for more involvement of private sector, NGOs and even religious organisations. Further, book future improvements are suggested to give this book more shining role towards this highly important subject.
“The One and the Many”
Authors: Fong Edmund
Published: June 2018

In this article, I employ the “Reception of Doctrine” approach to explore the hermeneutics of the doctrine of the atonement. The approach distinguishes and facilitates an interaction between the three “horizons of understanding” consisting of: (1) the horizon identifying our “pre-understanding” of the doctrine as it stands at present, (2) the horizon capturing the reading of Scripture that led to the making of judgments resulting in the doctrine’s formulation in the first place, and (3) the horizon tracing the reception of the doctrine through history. Together, these three horizons prescribe an atonement doctrine best described by the phrase “the one and the many,” where there is ample room for the various theories and models of the atonement to coexist together (the “many”), yet the models or theories are governed by the central scriptural emphasis that Christ’s death was “for us” (the “one”). I further propose that Karl Barth’s atonement doctrine is characterized by such a specification. That is, Barth remained open to various frameworks expressing the doctrine of the atonement (“the many”), as long as the core of the doctrine was clearly presented: God, in the death of Jesus Christ, is the God who is “for us” (“the one”).
Efeito do uso de agentes clareadores com cálcio na microdureza do esmalte dental
Authors: Gruber Andreza , Colli Luciane , Muniz Carla , Ottoni Rodrigo , Borba Márcia
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a influência do uso de agentes clareadores com cálcio na microdureza do esmalte dental. Materiais e método: o estudo é experimental, laboratorial e realizado com dentes bovinos. Oito coroas de incisivos bovinos foram seccionadas em quatro partes e divididas em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tipo de agente clareador (n=8): (Con) protocolo de consultório (peróxido de hidrogênio 35% – HP 35%); (Com+Ca) protocolo de consultório com cálcio (HP 35%); (Cas) protocolo caseiro (peróxido de carbamida 10%); (Cas+Ca) protocolo caseiro com cálcio (HP 6%). As amostras foram tratadas de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante para cada agente clareador. A microdureza do esmalte foi avaliada antes, imediatamente após e 7 dias após os tratamentos clareadores. Foi utilizado um microdurômetro e ponta Vickers, com uma carga de 200 g por 15 segundos. As amostras permaneceram em água destilada a 37°C durante todo o experimento. Os dados foram avaliados com ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p=0,05). Resultados: para os tratamentos de consultório, não houve diferença na microdureza entre os tempos de avaliação e entre os agentes clareadores (p≥0,05). Já para os tratamentos caseiros, não houve diferença entre os grupos com e sem cálcio, mas, para ambos, ocorreu uma significativa redução na microdureza imediatamente após a conclusão do tratamento, que se manteve após os sete dias de armazenamento em água destilada (p
Novas alternativas terapêuticas para prevenção do câncer labial com produtos à base de extratos naturais com potencial fotoprotetor: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Pauletto Guilherme , Klarosk Raquel Paifer , Machado Francisco Zillmer , Bello Mariana De Carlo , Macedo Carmen Lúcia Rodrigues , Dos Santos Rubem Beraldo
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: o presente trabalho realiza uma revisão da literaturaa respeito do potencial fotoprotetor de extratos naturaiscontra os efeitos deletérios da radiação solar, dandoênfase à carcinogênese oral e ressaltando os principaistipos de plantas fotoprotetoras nos cenários mundiale nacional. Revisão de literatura: atualmente os extratosde plantas vêm ganhando destaque em pesquisas científicaspor serem considerados uma fonte de fotoproteçãonatural. Vários estudos avaliaram a ação fotoprotetorade produtos naturais contra a radiação ultravioleta, comobjetivo de buscar novas opções de plantas medicinais,para evitar o desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadasà radiação ultravioleta. Alguns extratos representam umafonte segura e eficaz, com condições de contribuir positivamentena prevenção do câncer labial. Entretanto,este campo de estudo é amplo, e muitos biomas regionaiscom potencial ainda não foram amplamente estudados.Dessa forma, mais pesquisas experimentais e clínicassão necessárias para consolidar a ação de produtosnaturais na proteção contra o câncer labial e o câncer depele. Considerações finais: além dos benefícios fotoprotetoresencontrados em extratos de plantas, a utilizaçãode princípios ativos derivados de produtos naturais podegerar um relevante impacto social, uma vez que estimulaa economia da região, promovendo, assim, uma diferenciaçãono crescimento regional.
Palavras-chave: Extratos vegetais. Neoplasias orais.Plantas medicinais. Radiação solar.
Dinâmica das fontes de crescimento da produção de leite brasileira entre 2001 e 2012: um enfoque na região de planejamento Corede Produção - RS
Authors: Finamore Eduardo Belisário , Pasqual Cássia Aparecida , Montoya Marco Antonio
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as fontes de crescimento da produção de leite em diferentes espaços geográficos brasileiros, enfocando a Região da Produção, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2001 a 2012. Observou-se que, na média, o Brasil, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a Região da Produção, tiveram uma expansão da produção leite (de 57,5%; 82,2% e 166,6%, respectivamente) explicada em maior parte pela expansão da produtividade (de 25,7%; 44,7%; e 73,0%, respectivamente) do que pela expansão do número de vacas ordenhadas (de 25,3%; 25,9%; e 54,1%, respectivamente), com vantagens maiores para a Região da Produção, seguido pelo estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A produtividade média da Região da Produção (4.533 litros/vaca) e da maioria de seus municípios são superiores à produtividade de países exportadores como a Nova Zelândia (4.099 kg). Entre 2001 e 2012, a produtividade marginal do Rio Grande do Sul (5.851 litros/vaca) e da Região da Produção (8.070 litros/vaca) foram superiores à produtividade média da Argentina (5.326 kg) e da União Europeia (6.030 kg), respectivamente, sinalizando a produção de geração de excedentes exportáveis com competitividade.
Palavras-chave: Fontes de crescimento, produção de leite, produtividade média e marginal.
Etanol: 40 anos de evolução do mercado de combustíveis e automóveis no Brasil
Authors: De Almeida Vinicius Pacheco , Longhi Giuliano Manera , Dos Santos Lucas Ramos
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar, historicamente, com os dados pertinentes, como se comportou o mercado de combustíveis e de automóveis a partir do projeto governamental, Proálcool, até 2014, no qual foram utilizados dados da moagem da cana-de-açúcar separados pelo seu destino final, açúcar ou etanol, observando, também, o mercado automobilístico separado pelo tipo de combustível aceito por cada motor.
Palavras-chave: Etanol. Mercado automobilístico. Mercado de combustível. Proálcool.
GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA A PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: EXPERIÊNCIA DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS E INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Dalmo Francisco César , Simão Nathalia Machado , Nebra Silvia , Sant'ana Paulo Henrique de Mello
Published: June 2018

A gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) foi impulsionada com a implantação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, através da Lei 12.305/2010, que também prevê a recuperação energética dos resíduos. Apesar deste marco legal, a geração de energia a partir de RSU no Brasil ainda é incipiente se consideramos a quantidade de resíduos gerados diariamente. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetivou levantar a situação da gestão de RSU no Brasil, o potencial das usinas elétricas em operação, e as políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento da geração de energia a partir de RSU. Para fins de comparação foram investigadas também as experiências de políticas públicas dos Estados Unidos da América (Califórnia), Reino Unido e Alemanha. Como resultado, verificou-se que apesar de existirem políticas em diversos setores no Brasil voltadas à geração de energia, estas não foram capazes de ampliar a participação dessa fonte na matriz elétrica como em outros países.Palavras-chave: Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos, Geração de Energia, Políticas Públicas.
AVALIAÇÃO DA VIABILIDADE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA DE UMA USINA DE RECICLAGEM DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL EM ITAJUBÁ-MG
Authors: Fonseca Thales Daniel dos Santos , Ribeiro Junior Leopoldo Uberto
Published: June 2018

Os resíduos sólidos da construção civil impactam de forma negativa no meio ambiente pelo grande montante gerado, apesar de sua reciclagem ser possível, por isso este trabalho buscará demonstrar que a implantação de uma usina de reciclagem destes resíduos é viável economicamente. Para demonstrar o interesse econômico positivo gerado foram utilizados os métodos do payback, do valor presente líquido e da taxa interna de retorno. O empreendimento demonstrou valores positivos para a viabilidade, como o payback menor que 3 anos. A análise indicou uma taxa interna de retorno de 31, 45%, consideravelmente maior que a taxa de atratividade mínima, assim como um valor presente líquido positivo, embasando a viabilidade do empreendimento. Conclui-se que o empreendimento é viável e gera um retorno considerável para o investidor, demonstrando que o investimento traz benefícios ambientais e financeiros. Palavras-chave: Análise econômica, Sustentabilidade na construção, RCC.
The Millennials: Insights to Brand Behavior for Brand Management Strategies
Authors: Olga Babijtchouk , David Dames D. , Dhameeth Gehan S. , Adam Sleezer , Elliott Smith
Published: June 2018

Millennial generation has surpassed generation X and Baby Boomers in terms of population (market) size and standout to be the largest market segment. This demographic change will undoubtedly be an opportunity for marketing and brand managers to reach, acquire, and retain Millennial market to achieve organizational profitability. Prior research has not been successful to provide a detailed understanding of Millennials and their degree of brand loyalty over prior generations. In this article, the authors used Kevin Lane Keller’s work (Brand Resonance Pyramid 2009) to test the degree of brand loyalty of Millennials over prior generations and the degree of brand resonance that predicts the brand loyalty while this relationship is moderated by the generation. In addition, they determined how the elements of the brand pyramid relate to each other. In this study, the authors administered an online survey using SurveyMonkey to reach local (US) and international college/university respondents (n=267) age 18 years and above. The survey was administered using a questionnaire (46 data points). Linear Regression and Partial Correlation were used for analysis. The authors find that Millennials and Generation X/Boomers are not significantly different in terms of brand loyalty, brand resonance is a strong positive predictor for brand loyalty, and finally, the relationship between brand resonance and brand loyalty is weaker for Millennials than for Generation X/Boomers.
Elaboration of the Intellectual Sign
Authors: Kemple Brian ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: June 2018

Human beings cannot bear very much discontinuity: we innately desire resolution of our experiences, no matter how disparate they are from one another, into a common whole, into a life which “makes sense.” We desire to be persons with identities resolved into coherent wholes. But the socio-cultural world of everyday activity often presents a fragmentary and irresoluble array of experience which seemingly prevents this resolution. At the root of this fragmentation is not, however, the experiences themselves, but rather a lack of understanding concerning human cognition and consciousness. Without clarifying the possibilities of human intellection in the constitution of consciousness, we will remain at a disadvantage in the pursuit of coherent personal identities. It is to this lattermost point—how the intellectual sign is formed and how, in its formation, it in turn produces the horizons of our personal identities—that this article, conceived and reared in the tradition of thought exemplified by John Deely, is directed.
Look at Politics With Eyes Unclouded By Philosophy
Authors: Sirczuk Matías ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2018

In the following, I will trace the presence of Montesquieu in Arendt’s work, giving an account of both Arendt’s praise for the French writer’s particular way of thinking the political and his approach to problems that will become central to the development of Arendt’s own thought. Firstly, I will follow Arendt down the path that led her to discover fundamental tools in Montesquieu for understanding totalitarianism “with eyes unclouded by philosophy.” Secondly, I will track the way in which the Arendtian reconceptualization of some key political words—power, law and freedom—is threaded through with her reading of the French author. Thirdly, I will look into the way in which Montesquieu’s formulation of a particular link between what Arendt calls the basic experience and the political regime, allows her to go on to discover a criteria that makes it possible to distinguish between political and anti-political ways of living together; and allows us to see that there is a phenomenally essential element within tyranny and totalitarianism that ensures that it “develops the germs of its own destruction the moment it comes into existence.”
Fabrication and characterization of magnetic FePt nanoparticles prepared by extraction–pyrolysis method
Authors: Serga V. , Maiorov M. , Cvetkovs A. , Krumina A. , Popov A. I.
Published: June 2018

In the present work, possibilities of the extraction–pyrolysis method (EPM) to produce FePt nanoparticles with the face-centered tetragonal (fct) phase were studied. A mixture of fine-disperse powder of carbonyl iron and n-trioctylammonium hexachloroplatinate [(С8Н17)3NH]2PtCl6 solution in toluene, preliminary produced by the solvent extraction method, is used as a precursor. Precursors with a different molar ratio of metals were used. The performed investigations show that as a result of pyrolysis in the air (Tpyr = 600°C, tanneal = 30 min), a FePt alloy with the fct phase is produced. Moreover, such phases as FePt3 and/or Fe3Pt with the cubic structure may be also present in the final products. The phase composition of the produced samples depends on the Fe:Pt molar ratio in the precursor. An increase of the fct phase part with the growth of the iron content from 40 to 60 mol% is observed. Also, with the Fe80%Pt20% molar ratio of the metals in the precursor, only the ordered fct phase along with a small amount of hematite and iron chloride exists in the produced sample. Magnetic measurements confirm the fct-FePt phase formation in all produced samples and evidence that the coercivity exceeds the value (3 kOe) at the 50 mol% Fe concentration in the precursor and significantly decreases with increasing the Fe concentration to 80 mol%.
Joshua Ezra Burns. The Christian Schism in Jewish History and Jewish Memory
Authors: Runesson Anders
Published: June 2018

No abstract is available.
INTERPRÉTER DES OEUVRES D’ART FIGURATIVES POUR ÉTUDIER DES RÉALITÉS PASSÉES : EXPLORATION DU POTENTIEL D’UN DISPOSITIF MUSÉO-TECHNO-DIDACTIQUE
Authors: Larouche Marie-Claude , Fillion Pierre-Luc , Roy Normand , Paillé Marie-Ève , Murray Jean-Luc , Boyer Patricia , Godin Geneviève
Published: June 2018

De l’art aux sciences humaines, comment amener des élèves à tirer profit des œuvres en contexte muséal au moyen du numérique mobile ? Nous présentons la mise en place d’un projet de recherche-développement avec le Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal et des écoles primaires montréalaises visant la conception et la mise à l’essai d’un dispositif muséo-techno-didactique. Ce dispositif recourt à un prototype d’application pour les technologies mobiles que nous avons conçu pour une expérience muséale au croisement des arts visuels et des sciences humaines. Après avoir exposé la démarche de conception et la mise à l’essai du dispositif auprès de 3 classes de 3ecycle, nous explorons son potentiel pour le raisonnement en sciences humaines au contact des œuvres d’art, plus spécifiquement sous l’angle de l’interprétation d’œuvres d’art figuratives pour leur valeur documentaire. L’analyse des vidéos réalisées montre l’intérêt du dispositif pour stimuler et recueillir le raisonnement des élèves, mais démontre aussi certaines faiblesses dans la contextualisation des œuvres, possiblement liées à des connaissances limitées concernant les réalités passées étudiées.
Quelques considérations littéraires sur la lecture des textes et des images
Authors: Roy Max
Published: June 2018

L’usage des textes illustrés en classe n’empêche pas les difficultés de lecture des élèves mais représente plutôt un défi pour l’enseignement. Des connaissances historiques et socioculturelles, des habiletés cognitives et une sensibilité esthétique restent nécessaires. Par ailleurs, des codes et des stéréotypes de la bande dessinée se retrouvent parfois dans les œuvres littéraires et inspirent un mode de lecture particulier. Dans tous les cas, s’exerce une fonction de guidage à l’intention des lecteurs.
ACTIVITÉ INTERPRÉTATIVE ET LITTÉRATURE DE JEUNESSE SUR ALBUM NUMÉRIQUE : PISTES DE RÉFLEXION POUR UNE MISE EN CONTEXTE
Authors: Perret-Truchot Laetitia
Published: June 2018

En quoi l’album de jeunesse numérique modifie-t-il l’activité scolaire d’interprétation des textes ? Dans quelle mesure interroge-t-il la notion de lecture distanciée/lecture identificatoire ? Nous apporterons des éléments de réponse à ces questions générales en analysant les versions numérique et papier de l’album L’Herbier des fées. Nous nous interrogerons sur le dispositif didactique et notamment technodidactique permettant d’accéder à ces oeuvres multimodales et nous nous livrerons à une étude de cas à partir du livre numérique Francis et la souris verte, testé dans une classe de grande section.
L’otage, vecteur de guerre ou de paix ?
Authors: Rousseau Rivard Joëlle
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose de réfléchir sur la façon dont s’articulent les états de guerre et de paix par le biais de la figure de l’otage, envisagée comme un espace de tensions et de négociations qui tantôt a apaisé, tantôt envenimé les conflits. Nous nous intéresserons à son évolution historique à partir de deux textes du 20e siècle dont le rapprochement s’est d’abord fait par les titres : une pièce de théâtre de Jean Giraudoux, La guerre de Troie n’aura pas lieu (1935), et un essai de Jean Baudrillard, La guerre du Golfe n’a pas eu lieu (1991).
Le Comité national d’études sociales et politiques, une expérience pacifique au service de la nation française
Authors: Prévost-Grégoire Florence
Published: June 2018

Cet article traite de l’impact que la Première Guerre mondiale a eu sur la conception de la paix. En prenant le cas particulier du Comité national d’études sociales et politiques (un comité d’intellectuels français qui se réunissait quotidiennement entre 1916 et 1931 pour traiter de sujets d’actualité et qui soutenait la mise en place d’un système d’arbitrage international comme la Société des Nations), cet article montre que la paix représente, pour ces intellectuels, davantage que le rêve d’un monde sans guerre et sans violence. Elle est un moyen d’assurer la survie et la puissance d’une France profondément affectée par la destruction causée par le premier conflit mondial.
Quand la mémoire s’en va-t’en « guerre ». Penser les marges de la commémoration des victimes du national-socialisme dans l’Allemagne du XXIe siècle
Authors: Clec’h François
Published: June 2018

Comment penser les inégalités et les marges de la commémoration des victimes du national-socialisme dans l’Allemagne contemporaine ? Ne plus concevoir la mémoire « officielle », ni même celle des groupes de victimes comme un donné constitue une condition nécessaire à toute tentative de réponse. C’est pourquoi le présent article propose une conception plus dynamique, plus précise sans doute, en convoquant la notion de « champ » développée par Pierre Bourdieu*. L’idée est alors de dégager une intelligence relationnelle et spatiale, nécessairement interactive, de la production de la mémoire ; d’identifier les acteurs (individuels ou collectifs), les discours et les pratiques impliqués dans sa constitution ; en un mot : de considérer chaque mémoire particulière dans sa pluralité.
Evaluation of the Lamer Social Competence in Preschool Scale
Authors: Løkken Ingrid Midteide , Broekhuizen Martine Louise , Moser Thomas , Bjørnestad Elisabeth , Hegna Maren Meyer
Published: June 2018

Abstract: The Lamer Social Competence in Preschool Scale (LSCIP) has been widely used in Norway to assess children’s social competence; however, the six-factor structure has not been validated since the scale was developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structure of the LSCIP using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. The results show that the original model has a nearly adequate fit according to model fit criteria, but also suggest the need for revisions to achieve a better model. The study contributes to the further development of the LSCIP as a measurement tool that can be used to measure children’s social competence in both research and practice.
Keywords: assessment; evaluation; Lamer Social Competence in Preschool Scale; social competence.
Three-dimensional Ultrasound Volume Measurements in an Aortic Aneurysm Model
Authors: Johnsen Lydia , Jonung Jon Anders Torbjørn , Laxdal Elin Hanna , Pedersen Gustav
Published: June 2018

Measuring the aneurysm sac’s size is vital in postoperative surveillance following endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms.  A three-dimensional ultrasound technique may enable accurate volume measurements.  However, there is no validation of any commercially   available electro-mechanical 3D ultrasound equipment or of the software used when measuring the volume of the aortic aneurysm sac. This investigation used a phantom model to study a three-dimensional ultrasound technique on aortic aneurysm sac volume measurements.  High volume measurement accuracy indicates that this method may be useful for postoperative surveillance following endovascular aortic aneurysm operations.  These results must be confirmed in clinical studies.
aaquetzalliis required for epithelial cell polarity and neural tissue formation inDrosophila
Authors: Mendoza-Ortíz Miguel A. , Murillo-Maldonado Juan M. , Riesgo-Escovar Juan R.
Published: June 2018

Morphogenetic movements during embryogenesis require dynamic changes in epithelial cell polarity and cytoskeletal reorganization. Such changes involve, among others, rearrangements of cell-cell contacts and protein traffic. InDrosophila melanogaster, neuroblast delamination during early neurogenesis is a well-characterized process requiring a polarized neuroepithelium, regulated by the Notch signaling pathway. Maintenance of epithelial cell polarity ensues proper Notch pathway activation during neurogenesis. We characterize hereaaquetzalli(aqz), a gene whose mutations affect cell polarity and nervous system specification. Theaqzlocus encodes a protein that harbors a domain with significant homology to a proline-rich conserved domain of nuclear receptor co-activators.aqzexpression occurs at all stages of the fly life cycle, and is dynamic.aqzmutants are lethal, showing a disruption of cell polarity during embryonic ventral neuroepithelium differentiation resulting in loss of epithelial integrity and mislocalization of membrane proteins (shown by mislocalization of Crumbs, DE-Cadherin, and Delta). As a consequence,aqzmutant embryos with compromised apical-basal cell polarity develop spotty changes of neuronal and epithelial numbers of cells.
Evaluation of sparing organs at risk (OARs) in left‐breast irradiation in the supine and prone positions and with deep inspiration breath‐hold
Authors: Saini Amitpal Singh , Hwang Catherine S. , Biagioli Matthew C. , Das Indra J.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To compare doses to organs at risk (OARs) for left‐sided whole‐breast radiation therapy with comparable planning target volume (PTV) coverage using three techniques: free breathing in a supine position (SFB), deep inspirational breath‐hold in a supine position (SDIBH), and free breathing in prone position (PFB).

Materials and methods

Thirty‐three patients with left‐sided early‐stage breast cancer underwent CT simulation following SFB, SDIBH, and PFB protocols for whole‐breast radiation therapy. One radiation oncologist contoured the breast PTV, heart, left ventricle (LV), and left anterior descending artery (LAD). Treatment plans were optimized using field‐in‐field technique with the AAA algorithm. Each plan was optimized to provide identical coverage to the PTV such that a reasonable comparison for OAR dosimetry could be evaluated. All plans were prescribed 42.56 Gy in 16 fractions to the left‐breast PTV.

Results

The mean dose in SFB for the heart, LV, and LAD was 1.92, 3.19, and 21.73 Gy, respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean dose in SDIBH for the heart (1.08 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001), LV (1.50 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001), and LAD (6.3 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001) and in PFB for the heart (0.98 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001), LV (1.34 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001), and LAD (6.57 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001). Similar findings were noted for the cardiac components in SFB for V2.5, V5, V10, V20, and V30 compared with values in SDIBH and PFB. The mean dose for the left lung in PFB was 0.61 Gy that was significantly lower than in SFB (5.63 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001) and SDIBH (5.54 Gy, P ≤ 0.0001). Mean dose and dosimetric values for each OAR increased in SFB and SDIBH for patients with a large breast volume compared with values for patients with a small breast volume.

Conclusions

SFB results in higher heart, LAD, and LV doses than the other techniques. Both PFB and SDIBH are more advantageous for these OARs irrespective of breast volume. PFB results in significantly lower lung doses than SFB and SDIBH. PFB always provided better results than SFB for the heart, LV, LAD, and lung. This conclusion contrasts with some published studies concluding that the prone position has no benefit for heart sparing.