bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEACHERS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING WITH CONTINUOUS ADJUSTMENTS TO THE CURRICULA
Authors: Jovanović Marija , Minić Vesna
Published: January 2020

Basic objections which are now attributed to modern teaching, its quality and efficiency are related to the curricula. Inadequate, outdated, too extensive and unadapted curricula affect the process of planning, programming and implementation of teaching and the quality of the outcomes achieved. Their continuous changing, shaping and adapting to modern conditions of life, to the demands of immediate reality and the needs and abilities of students are the basic requirements for providing the quality of modern teaching and the imperative of modern pedagogy. Given the importance they have in ensuring the quality of the implementation of the development model of teaching and the quality and effectiveness of its outcomes, the paper will view this problem in terms of their adaptation to the needs and abilities of students. The main categories through which an adjustment of the curricula to the needs and abilities of students is considered are as follows: teaching strategies, teaching materials, and the content of materials. This paper presents and analyses the results of an empirical survey on the views of physical education (PE) teachers about the above mentioned segments to adapt curricula, as well as the recommendations resulting from their direct experience.
EFFECTS OF THE SCHROTH METHOD IN CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Jorgić Bojan , Mančić Petra , Milenković Saša , Jevtić Nikola , Živković Mladen
Published: January 2020

Scoliosis is a multifactorial three-dimensional (3D) spinal deformation which always includes elementary deformations on three planes: a lateral curvature on the frontal plane, loss of natural physiological curvature on the sagittal plane and, in most cases, increase of lordosis in the lumbosacral joint (hyperlordosis), and a (very typical) vertebral axial rotation on the horizontal plane. One of the best methods in scoliosis correction is the Schroth method. In view of the above, the objective of this study is to identify the effects of the Schroth method on correcting functional-motor status in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (IS). The participant sample comprised 20 children, of an average age of 14.5, who took part in the 10-day Schroth Camp. The following measure instruments were used for the assessment of the effect of the Schroth method: the Sorensen test, the Sit-and-reach test, and height assessment. Statistically significant improvements were identified across the results of all three tests, for the Sorensen test: 45.6±19.29 s, the Sit-and-reach test: 4.05±2.25 cm, and height 1.4±0.66 cm. It can be concluded that the conducted Schroth method exercise program exerted a positive effect on improving motor functionality, as well as enhancing flexibility and isometric endurance of the lumbar extensors of the spine. Additionally, there was an increase in height, which indicates a positive effect in terms of the functionality and symmetry of the left and right sides of the body, and in terms of improved posture on the frontal and sagittal planes.
THE ROLE OF TOURISM DESTINATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wijaya Nyoman Surya , Arcana Komang Trisna Pratiwi , Sudarmawan I Wayan Eka
Published: January 2020

The development of world tourism experienced a surge in tourist arrivals both international and domestic. Developments, the share of the global tourism market and new opportunities to serve the middle class is growing rapidly. The group of potential domestic tourists are expected to ensure that tourism remains a strategic sector in the national development agenda. Indonesia is very much has a very attractive tourist destination, and Bali in particular, of course, strongly felt the impact of the surge in tourist arrivals. Readiness of Tourism Human Resources are needed to support the sustainable tourism program.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGENDALIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KELURAHAN BATURAJA LAMA DAN SEKAR JAYA, KECAMATAN BATURAJA TIMUR, KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU (OKU), PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Managerxot Jek , Salim Milana , Yahya Yahya , Wurisastuti Tri , Nurmaliani Rizki
Published: January 2020

Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) merupakan salah satu wilayah endemis DBD di Provinsi SumateraSelatan. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan DBD adalah dengan melakukanpengendalian vektor nyamuk pada tingkat jentik. Penggunaan insektisida dalam pengendalian vektor DBD,selain dapat menimbulkan resistensi, juga dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Saat inipengendalian vektor DBD di Kabupaten OKU dilakukan secara hayati (biological control), yaitu denganmenggunakan ikan pemakan jentik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasimasyarakat dalam pengendalian vektor DBD menggunakan ikan pemakan jentik. Lokasi penelitian beradadi Kelurahan Baturaja Lama dan Kelurahan Sekar Jaya. Populasi adalah seluruh rumah tangga di keduakelurahan tersebut. Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan mengacu pada ketentuan WHO mengenai standarminimal sampel survei entomologi DBD yaitu 100 rumah. Jumlah sampel rumah tangga yang berhasildidapatkan sebanyak 217 yang dipilih dengan cara acak. Hasil perhitungan indeks jentik menunjukkanangka HI di Kelurahan Baturaja Lama sebesar 42,1% dan di Kelurahan Sekar Jaya sebesar 48,2%. AngkaCI di Kelurahan Baturaja Lama sebesar 19,2% dan Sekar Jaya sebesar 16,2%. Angka BI di KelurahanBaturaja Lama sebesar 51,4% dan Sekar Jaya sebesar 75,5%. Analisis statistik terhadap perilakumemelihara ikan menunjukkan hubungan bermakna terhadap keberadaan jentik, namun persentase jumlahrumah tangga yang memelihara ikan pada kedua kelurahan masih tergolong rendah yakni kurang dari 10%.Perlu dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai manfaat dan pengembangan potensi jenisikan pemakan jentik dalam upaya pengendalian DBD.
DAMPAK PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI INSTAGRAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEROLEHAN LABA PERUSAHAAN UMKM
Authors: Untari Febriani Nur
Published: January 2020

Abstract This research is motivated by the gap between the latest technology and the unpreparedness of business people to utilize the technology. This study uses the theory of training, the concept of profit, and the concept of social media Instagram. The method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data obtained through the process of interviews, observation and study of documentation. As for the population in this study were micro and small and medium entrepreneurs in the field of fashion and the sample was the Cimahi City UMKM Acceleration participants totaling 10 people consisting of 2 men and 8 women. The results showed that there was an increase in company profitability after the implementation of Instagram social media training.Abstract This research is motivated by the gap between the latest technology and the unpreparedness of business people to utilize the technology. This study uses the theory of training, the concept of profit, and the concept of social media Instagram. The method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data obtained through the process of interviews, observation and study of documentation. As for the population in this study were micro and small and medium entrepreneurs in the field of fashion and the sample was the Cimahi City UMKM Acceleration participants totaling 10 people consisting of 2 men and 8 women. The results showed that there was an increase in company profitability after the implementation of Instagram social media training. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesenjangan antara teknologi yang mutakhir dengan ketidaksiapan para pelaku usaha untuk memanfaatkan teknologi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunkan teori pelatihan, konsep laba, dan konsep media sosial instagram. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitaaif. Data yang diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di bidang mode dan yang menjadi sample adalah peserta Akselerasi UMKM Kota Cimahi yang berjumlah 10 orang yang terdiri dari 2orang laki-laki dan 8 orang perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan perolehan laba perusahaan setelah terlaksananya pelatihan pemanfaatan media sosial Instagram.
PEMANFAATAN YOUTUBE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI TUTOR BIMBEL EDU PRIVATE
Authors: Meinawati Krisda Lakrisida
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research aims to improve tutor competence Edu Private Bandung. This competency improvement is carried out through training. The training is carried out with a strategy that is carried out with the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Based on the identification of the problem that tutors in Edu Private Bandung tutoring are still not innovative in developing the learning media used. The lack of development of instructional media is caused by the lack of innovative tutors and from the lack of support from the institution. The media used in this training is utilizing social media Youtube. The training shows that tutors actively participate in developing learning media. The benefits of this training are to attract students 'attention so that it is easier to understand the material and attract students' attention in the learning process. The final results in this study the training process can be useful for tutors by developing more learning media, fostering student learning motivation, and making the learning atmosphere more lively. The results of this study can be used as input for tutors in other tutors including in other schools in an effort to improve tutor competence in developing learning media.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi tutor bimbel Edu Private Bandung. Peningkatan kompetensi ini dilakukan meelalui pelatihan. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan  strategi yang dilakukan dengan tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan identifikasi masalah bahwa tutor di bimbel Edu Private Bandung masih belum inovatif dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang digunakan. Kurangnya pengembangan media pembelajaran disebabkan oleh kurangnya inovatif tutor serta dari kurang support nya dari pihak lembaga. Media yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini yaitu memanfaatkan media sosial Youtube. Dalam pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa para tutor berpartisipasi aktif untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran. Manfaat pelatihan ini untuk menarik perhatian siswa agar lebih mudah memahami materi serta menarik perhatian siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil akhir dalam penelitian ini proses pelatihan dapat bermanfaat bagi tutor yaitu lebih mengembangkan media pembelajaran, menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa, serta membuat suasana belajar lebh hidup. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan masukan bagi tutor di bimbel lainnya termasuk di sekolah-sekolah lainnya sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi tutor dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran.
Dissatisfaction Attributions and Complaining Behavior Of Public Library Users
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the dissatisfaction attributions and complaining behavior of public library users. This paper analyses a survey of ninety-nine randomly selected public library users in the Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia. Data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The survey revealed that public library users in the Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia, who believe that service failure is due to the negligence of library staff and perceive the service of the library to be free, are more likely to complain to a third party. Loyal users also prefer to complain to a third party about their dissatisfaction. Some users complain directly to the personnel or person in charge of the department or chief librarian at the time of dissatisfaction. Usersâ€™ complaints can be a powerful resource for the library management to use in making strategic and tactical decisions that could prevent them from switching services or performing actions such as abandoning the library and no longer using library services.
Stability in Bank Income through Fee-based Activities
Authors: Uppal R. K.
Published: January 2020

This paper is an attempt to study the trends in non-interest income which is a vital source of stability in bank income. For this, the study takes some parameters like interest and non-interest income as a percentage to total income, share of non-interest income components like exchange & brokerage, sale in investment and exchange transaction. On the basis of these parameters the study concludes that interest income is continuously declining due to deregulation in interest rates and non-interest income is rising. Among the non-interest income components, commodity exchange & brokerage witnessed a large share while exchange transaction witnessed a meager part. The paper also gives some ways and means to bring stability in the total income.
Entrepreneurial developments and small scale industry contribution to Nigerian national development- A marketing interface
Authors: Ogechukwu Ayozie Daniel
Published: January 2020

In both developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries and entrepreneurs, as a means of economic development and a veritable means of solving problems. It is a seedbed of innovations, inventions and employment. Entrepreneurship is as old as Nigeria and had contributed to the growth of the economy. Presently in Nigeria, SMEs assist in promoting the growth of the countryâ€™s economy, hence all the levels of government at different times have policies which promote the growth and sustenance of SMEs. This paper identifies the orientation of SMEâ€™s and entrepreneurial trends in Nigeria, tackles the operational definition and scopes, and describes the role of the Nigerian government as a participant, regulator and facilitator, both legally and politically in the growth of SMEs and entrepreneurship. It identifies the marketing problems of SMEs and entrepreneurships in Nigeria, the provision and enactment of beneficial and supportive laws, the provision of infrastructural facilities, constant man-power and development, direct financial assistance to SMEs and the establishment of finance institutions to support SMEs. It identifies the roles of SMEs in Nigeriaâ€™s development and growth. It discusses the entrepreneurial thoughts, problems and advance practical marketing solution. It concludes by clearly specifying the role of marketing to the survival of SMEs and entrepreneurship in Nigeria, and relevant recommendations. For SMEs to survive marketing practice and principles must be given prominence.
The Evolution of Relationship Marketing (RM) Towards Customer Relationship Management (CRM): A Step towards Company Sustainability
Authors: Wahab Samsudin
Published: January 2020

This paper provides an overview of relationship marketing (RM) and how it evolves to customer relationship management (CRM). Since marketing continuum is the basic concept for relationship marketing it is apt that marketing continuum is explained first. The reviewed literature than discussed the evolution of marketing from the four Pâ€™s principle towards more challenge structure combining environment factors and global market scenario ending with customer relationship management philosophy. This paper developed from the rational theories that are very relevant for the practitionersâ€™ who are alert to the environmental changes. This paper ends with more applicable of customer relationship management concepts that are most recent tools to be considered for company growth and sustainability in the millennium age.
An econometric approach between human development and poverty in North Eastern Region of India
Authors: Pradhan Rudra P.
Published: January 2020

An understanding the linkage between human development and poverty in general and economic development in particular is very imperative in emerging economies in the globe. The objective of this paper is to study the regional variation and causality between human development and poverty in the north-east India. The major finding of this paper is that there exists significant regional variation between human development and poverty in the north eastern states of India. While human development is substantially high in Mizoram and Manipur, it is low in other states. On the contrary, poverty is very low in Mizoram and Manipur, while it is considerably high in other states. The estimated results confirmed that human development (and its individual indicators) has a significant role to alleviate poverty in the north east India.
From jugaad to systematic innovation: the challenge for India
Authors: Srinivasan Shiva Kumar
Published: January 2020

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E-Banking: Problems and Prospects an Empirical Study in Punjab
Authors: Uppal R. K.
Published: January 2020

The present study is concerned with the problems and prospects of e-banks in India. The present paper suggests some policies on the basis of perceptions of 60 selected e-bank employees regarding the various issues related to e-banking services. The paper concluded that not more then 50% of Indian bank customers are using e-channels, these channels are not much popular among old age and middle age persons as much as among youngsters and finally the paper concludes that the most of the customers are shifting from public sector banks to new private sector banks or foreign banks to avail innovative and attractive services. On the basis of these conclusions, paper suggests some strategies to make the public sector banks more competitive in the era of IT.
Invest In Indiaâ€“The Foreign Direct Investment Scenario
Authors: B Kamaladevi
Published: January 2020

Invest in India is an initiative to market India as an investment destination all over the globe, to provide a networking platform to the Indian businesses at a global level and to provide information to the international investors about investment opportunities in India. It is the policy of the Government of India to attract and promote productive Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from non-residents in activities which significantly contribute to industrialization and socio-economic development. FDI supplements the domestic capital and technology. This paper firstly speaks about the FDI culture in India, secondly, reviews economic reforms in India and global response to Indiaâ€™s reforms, the next level discusses the policy issues that would address Indiaâ€™s relative lack of success in attracting FDI and the â€˜Expanding Opportunities for Global Retailersâ€™ with reference to the retail sector. The last part reveals the key recommendations towards attracting Diaspora FDI. Based on the objective analysis, the key recommendations towards attracting FDI are revealed like allow 100 % FDI in retail and Small & Medium Enterprises (SME), develop a strategic vision for FDI with focus on latest technology, reduce the transaction costs & improve the infrastructure, international and domestic entrepreneurship, decentralize the administration process, reduce overly bureaucratic FDI facilities, private public partnership with private sector taking the lead, Indian professionals placed in key decision making positions, creative joint ventures and partnership to tap entrepreneurship and fix the policies to convert remittances into investment & create venture capital.
Mobile Phone to Youngsters: Necessity or Addiction
Authors: Ahmed Ishfaq , . Khadija Aijaz Perji
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on exploring the pattern of mobile phone usage among youngsters in Pakistan to delineate the extent of addictive behavior towards its usage. For this purpose questionnaires were used to elicit the responses. University students were selected as population and simple random sampling technique was used. Sample was consisting of 500 students out of which 400 students responded back comprising 80% response rate for this research. Findings of this study revealed that majority respondents are able to have definite priorities between their responsibilities & commitments and their cell phone usage. Very few are those who always exhibit the extreme addictive behaviors and rest is the majority who are not frequently involved in addictive usage patterns. Thus, youngsters use their cell phones under reasonable limits and do not tend towards extreme behaviors leading towards addictive cell phone usage.
Monetary Shocks or Real Shocks, Which matters the most for Share Prices
Authors: Subhani Muhammad Imtiaz
Published: January 2020

This study examines that out of monetary shocks (âˆ†M2) and real shocks in share prices (âˆ†Yt-k), which one or both really explain share prices of Karachi stock exchange 100 index. The time series econometrics is used to investigate the data for the monthly period of January 1991 to January 2011 for money supply (M2) and share prices of KSE 100 index. The results of unit root test reveal that there is a real shock in share prices and it explains the share price of KSE 100 index temporarily, while Vector auto regression revealed that Share prices of KSE 100 index is meagerly explained by the monetary shocks.
Managerial Self-efficacy and Discretionary Behavior Improving Work Environment for Small Firm Performance
Authors: Sanda Mohammed-Aminu
Published: January 2020

This study explores the self-efficacies and discretionary behaviours exhibited by managers of small Ghanaian firms with the purpose of understanding how the interplay of these two attributes impacted on employee motivation and performances. The selection of participants was guided by the snowballing technique. Data was collected by distributing self-completion questionnaires entailing managerial self-efficacy and discretionary behavior items to 100 study participants who were managers of small firms in two Ghanaian metropolises. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the statistical package for the Social Sciences software. The results show that the managers had strong senses of affective attachment to their firms due to the use of their self-efficacies to generate dynamic influences on their firmsâ€™ performances. They also exhibit discretionary behaviours that motivate their employees to work together to achieve organizational goals. The study concludes that the absence of interplay between the managersâ€™ self-efficacies and their discretionary behaviours constrains the efficient and effective performances of their firms.
Electronic Commerce Applications among Indian Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Jahanshahi Asghar Afshar , . Seyed Mohammad Sadeq Khaksar , . Bairagi Kachardas Pitamber
Published: January 2020

The cutting edge for business today is electronic commerce. The main vehicle of electronic commerce unequivocally is the Internet and the World Wide Web. With the rapid advancement in the Internet software and hardware and the infrastructure, the electronic commerce is also becoming more and more popular. Many large corporations, small and medium companies and individuals are investing more and more in the Internet business. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of e-commerce applications on the operational performance of small and medium enterprises. There are many different types of e-commerce usages that may influence operational performances; in this research we group them according to five different categories: electronic advertising, payment system, marketing, customer support service, order and delivery. For analyzing the data derived from questionnaire, Goodness of Fit Tests and Structural Equation Modeling/Path Analysis were used and the softwareâ€™s which has been used for analyzing the data were LISREL 8.54 and SPSS 18. Survey is considered to be the most appropriate and suitable for this study. According to statistical analysis in this research the results indicates that the electronic commerce applications has been influential on the operational performance in the Indian SMEs.
Paths to Success for 7-Eleven in Thailand
Authors: Ngaochay Thanee
Published: January 2020

This paper reports on an empirical study aimed at elucidating reasons for success in the implementation of strategic decisions by 7â€“Eleven in Thailand. The 7â€“Eleven convenience store is a business format franchising operation, which includes the product or service, the brand name or trademark, and the operating system developed by the franchisor and it has experienced significant growth. The Charoen Pokphand (CP) All Public Company Limited (PCL) is the operator of the 7-Eleven convenience stores in Thailand and it has been involved, therefore, with creating opportunities in the franchise system for that market. Potential franchisors have staff trained and support provided for all aspects of their businesses. To have better chances for success, 7-Eleven needs to evaluate itself in order to improve its systems. People are one key success factor in the franchise business, particularly in terms of the representative of the franchisor, who as an agent of the company reflects the companyâ€™s image. For the company to achieve sustainable growth, emphasis should be placed on organizational and human resource development. Both parties in the business must provide high levels of cooperation to each other. The franchise business is a special relationship in which the parties can mutually share the benefits.
The Use of ICT in Education: Focus on Nigeria
Authors: Oye N. D. , . M. A. Shakil
Published: January 2020

The use of ICT in educational settings is a catalyst for change. The paper has sought to explore the role of ICT in education as we progress into the 21st century. The first phase focuses on the conceptual framework of the use of ICT in education. In this model the dependent variable is education and its sub variables are educational level of teachers and students which is directly affected by the independent variables which are the use of ICTs, ICT infrastructure and staff development. The second phase is the pilot study to answer two major questions: (i) Is ICT mandatory or voluntary at your institutions? (ii) What are the greatest barriers to using ICT to you as an academician? The results show that majority of the academic staff (86%) responded that ICT is mandatory. However, the survey revealed that most of the part-time lecturers ticked the use of ICT as voluntary. Some of these part-time lecturers in the cadre of professors, responded to Q32 as (do not fit my program). Actually in their dispensation, lecturing was done using the chalk board only. The research confirms that two major barriers affect the use of ICT; they are lack of time to use ICT the systems and training opportunities. Respondents on these are 38% and 32% respectively. Based on these findings, the paper recommended that, all employed teachers in Federal, State and Private institutions should undertake mandatory training and retraining on ICT programmers. The government should develop ICT policies and guidelines for the application of ICT in education.
The Context of Global Software Development: Challenges, Best Practices and Benefits
Authors: Haq Sami ul , . Muhammad Tariq
Published: January 2020

Global Software Development (GSD) environment is based on a contractual relationship between client and vendor organizations in which a client outsources all or some part of its software development activities to a vendor. The vendor in return provides the agreed services in lieu of certain amount of remuneration. The main reasons to select the GSD technique include reduced cost, faster development and access to skilled manpower available across the world. Though GSD is emerging as an effective technique, but it suffers from many challenges like poor communication, lack of trust and coordination. These challenges pose serious risk to the smooth execution of the GSD projects. In the past decade, GSD has become an area of active research and a number of the researchers have worked on different aspects of it. In this paper, we present a critical review of the research studies conducted on GSD to highlight the challenges, best practices and benefits of GSD. Our findings reveal that much of the research in this area has been focused on addressing issues faced by client organizations, however, vendor side in the GSD relationship is much ignored due to which this field of study is still immature; hence, further research work is required to be undertaken to address the issues faced by the vendor organizations.
Comparing the Leverage Effect of Different Frequencies of Stock Returns in an Emerging Market: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Rafique Amir
Published: January 2020

This study compares the volatility behavior and variance structure of high (daily) and low (weekly, monthly) frequencies of data. The study used seventeen years data from 1991 to 2008 of KSE-100 index. By employing Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model (asymmetric type GARCH model), the study finds evidence that there are significant asymmetric shocks (leverage effect) to volatility in the three series but the intensity of the shocks are not equal for all the series. The results show that the variance structure of high frequencies data is dissimilar from the low frequencies data.
A Conceptual Model for Explaining Supply Chain Performance in Ugandaâ€™s SMEs
Authors: Tukamuhabwa Benjamin R
Published: January 2020

This study proposes a conceptual framework, which will be used to conduct an empirical study of supply chain performance in SMEs in Uganda. This conceptual framework was developed from the review of the previous literature. The need for this study arises from the fact that where as SMEs form the back borne of Ugandaâ€™s economy, they have encountered poor supply chain performance. Previous researchers also indicate that studies in SMEs and their supply chains are limited and that more research is needed regarding the link between marketing and supply chain management. The proposed conceptual framework presupposes a positive relationship between market orientation and supply chain performance with organizational learning, supply chain management strategy, trust and commitment playing mediating roles. It is hoped that this proposed integrative conceptual model will also be used in other future empirical studies.
Impact of Tax Reduction Policy on Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Lodhi Khalid Mahmood
Published: January 2020

This study analyzes the impact of tax policy reforms on the profits of banking sector. The empirical results of unit root and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test reveal that the data series of tax is positively skewed whereas data series of profitability is negatively skewed. The kurtosis value indicates that all the series are platykurtic. From the value of ADF statistics, it is evident that all the variables are non-stationery at log level and are stationary at their first difference. Granger Causality Test shows that profitability of banking does not granger because tax but tax granger cause profitability of banking which depicts that the change in tax rate affects the profitability of banking industries. The study finds that reduction in corporate income tax rates for banking sector has produced positive impact in shape of increased banking sector profits and assets during the period under review.
Explaining Outsourcing Performance in Ugandaâ€™s Commercial Banks
Authors: Tukamuhabwa Benjamin. R. , . Moses Muhwezi , . Sarah Eyaa , . John Saturday
Published: January 2020

This study aimed at investigating outsourcing performance in Ugandaâ€™s commercial banks basing on the variables of contract, relational norms, trust and commitment. It was motivated by the fact that where as outsourcing has been identified as a global trend in this millennium and a competitive strategy for the contemporary business, there were limited (if any) empirical studies on outsourcing performance in Uganda. Besides, previous studies conducted outside Uganda have provided conflicting views on whether or not contract and relational norms can be used concurrently to enhance outsourcing performance. The study was also intended to contribute to this debate by establishing the extent to which the variation in outsourcing performance was explained by the model that was developed. Findings revealed that the only significant predictor of outsourcing performance was contract and the model accounted for 40.1% of the variation in outsourcing performance. The findings present implications for commercial bank management in the area of contracting and contract management, which have to be addressed if outsourcing performance is to be enhanced and competitiveness in the banking sector improved.
Work Environment and its Impact on Triple Constraint of Project Management
Authors: Raza Syed Ali , . Tamkeen Zehra Shah
Published: January 2020

Project managementâ€™s fundamental concern is to effectively manage its triple constraints throughout the life cycle of a project to maximize productivity. At the same timework environment is considered a key feature, which influences the framework of project management. The present study assesses the impact of the work environment on the triple constraints (Scope, Time and Cost) of projects in the IT industry. The theoretical framework comprises Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, and Working Hours as components of work environment and triple constraints as the dependent variable. Three hundred Project Managers across a number of IT firms have been approached, out of which 279 have responded to the questionnaire. The measurement tool has been developed by the researcher except for one construct, which has been adopted, followed by a pilot study. Inferential statistics have been applied to test the data. The study concludes that all project managers view a flexible and conducive work environment as bearing a strong relationship with the triple constraint of project management.
A Critical Review of Capital Structure Theories
Authors: Javed Syed Muhammad , . Agha Jahanzeb , . Saif-ur-Rehman
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize and appreciate the theories of capital structure starting from theory of Miller and Modigliani (1958) of capital structure, which is also known as irrelevance theory of capital structure and also including theory like pecking order theory, trade off theory, market timing theory and agency cost theory. In addition, authors have tried to explain the theories and their contradiction with each other in detail. This paper will be an addition to understand the theories of capital structure.
Moderating Effect of Trust in Managers on the Relation between Delegation of Authority and Managersâ€™ Perceived Social Loafing
Authors: Bozkurt F. Gamze
Published: January 2020

Delegation of authority is the managerâ€™s transferral of his/her right of decision-making and implementation to subordinates. Delegation is widely acknowledged an essential element of effective management. Although delegation of authority is used as a managerial technique, employees might perceive it as either social loafing behaviour by their manager or an empowerment method. One of the purposes of the current study is to determine whether delegation of authority is perceived as a kind of social loafing behaviour or not. According to some researchers, trust affects how one interprets managersâ€™ behaviours and the motives underlying them. If employees trust their managers, they become more positive about their managers and may even ignore some of their behaviours. Therefore, the second purpose of the current study is to investigate the moderating effect of trust on the relationship between the delegation of authority and subordinatesâ€™ perceptions of their managersâ€™ social loafing. Data were collected from 243 employees working in a company. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to in order to measure linear and moderator effects. The results revealed that there is no relationship between the delegation of authority and perceived social loafing. Moreover, it was found that the level of trust in managers does not moderate this relationship. Interestingly, although it was not hypothesized, further analysis revealed that trust in manager is negatively related to the managerâ€™s perceived social loafing. The implications of the study for research and practice are discussed and some suggestions are made for future research as well as the strengths and limitations of the study.
Speed++TM: A New Pencil Puzzle for Mental Arithmetic
Authors: Ming Tiong Kung
Published: January 2020

A new pencil puzzle, Speed++TM, was developed by combining and adapting the ideas of two popular Japanese pencil puzzles i.e. Kakuro and Numberlink. The novel characteristics of Speed++TM and its advantages are then compared to traditionally composed mental arithmetic questions used in practice and competitions by mental arithmetic associations. In particular, the new puzzles have a dynamic structure which in effect tests visual-spatial skills, memory, and concentration. The puzzles also look more appealing and are easy to produce through computer implemented algorithms. We further describe the potential of this puzzle as a more vibrant mental arithmetic challenge for mental arithmeticians and its viability for educational use in schools and brain training programs similar to Prof. Kawashimaâ€™s world famous brain training program.
A Review of Research on Ethical Decision-Making of Purchasing Professionals
Authors: Ho Yi-Hui
Published: January 2020

Purchasing professionals play a critical role in supporting the purchasing function. In addition to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers, they often serve as the communicator and negotiator to the external business community. It is essential to understand ethical decision-making of purchasing professionals for those who want to build reciprocal buyer-supplier relationships. This article aims to understand the trends and research opportunities of ethical decision-making of purchasing professionals based on a review of related literature. Some suggestions for future research are discussed.
Effective Advertising and its Influence on Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Khan Ghulam Shabbir , . Burhan Ali Shah , . Ahmed Imran Hunjra
Published: January 2020

Advertising is a way of communication to convince an audience for taking purchase decision about a product or service and delivering information to viewers. This paper examines the relationship between environmental response and emotional response which are independent variables with dependent variable i.e. consumer buying behavior. This research investigates the relationship between the variables involved, by taking the 200 responses in twinsâ€™ cities of Pakistan. Findings of this study show the moderate relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. It shows that consumer purchase those brands from which they are emotionally attached. This study reports new results in the field of buying behavior of consumersâ€™ response.
Decision Making with Multi Criteria through Hierarchic Analysis Technique and its Effect on Customer Decision Procedure
Authors: Shahraki Alireza , . Abbas Jannesari
Published: January 2020

Today, world competition situation is in a way that organizations need to increase the quality and increase the customer satisfaction, increase the benefit and decrease in outgoings, all at the sometime together. One side, goods prices increase and sever competition in market between goods, and on the other side, complexity in customers attitude and their vary expectations made disaster in management and share increase of the market. So, increase of effects on customer decision procedure as a new attitude in these situations born. Customer decision procedure is a kind of decision- making that is mode by the users. In general, decision-making is recognition processes through selection among different choices. How many criteria are used to analysis by the users? In addition, what kind of criteria do they consider? In addition, to what extent do they emphasize according to their favorites or goods importance. Hierarchic analysis procedure (AHP) is a decision-making with multi criteria that is suitable complex decisions, and consist of decision elements compare in where recognition of quality has encountered with problem. Ranking in decision choices of AHP is to solve the puzzle complexity AHP procedure by finding the specification through different choices, declare good buying decision.
Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Empirical Analysis of Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Mohsin , . Aasia Asif , . Ahmed Imran Hunjra , . H. Mushtaq Ahmad
Published: January 2020

The basic aim of this study is to explore most common constructs for quality of banking services, which influence customer satisfaction and examine the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in the context of banking relationships. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from 192 valid respondents by convenience sampling method. SPSS was used to analyze the data and AMOS was used to test the model. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant link between customer satisfaction and constructs of service quality like tangibility, reliability, competence conflict handling and further study inferred that customer satisfaction is positively significant related to customer loyalty.
A Comparison on Business Negotiation Styles with Education
Authors: Tu Yu-Te
Published: January 2020

Training and education is important in negotiation. For a trained negotiator, good results are the consequence of knowing when to follow to his/her instincts and when to employ negotiation theories or use a combination of them. As the economics within Greater China become more internally linked together, it becomes increasingly important to understand the nuances of each culture encompassed by this term. There is very little comparing the negotiation styles of Chinese who live in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China among themselves. To fill the gap, the present research focuses on negotiations style comparison by education among Chinese in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. The population was chosen from public companies listed under the stock markets. Data was collected using an online survey technique. SPSS was used to conduct data analyses, and a variety of statistical measures were used, including descriptive statistics and MANOVA, and coefficient alphas was reported for modified instruments in order to address reliability and validity of the instrument. The results indicated that three dimensions-intuitive, normative, and analytical-had a significant relationship affected by education among the three regions. The researcher suggests that the negotiators still need to be trained in body language, strategies, temper control, international manners, and customs. A better knowledge of negotiation should be helpful in understanding business and in realizing which negotiation styles are most appropriate for a particular country. The appropriate negotiation skills can bring more competitive advantages and benefits.
Designing Pattern of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Mobaraki Mohammad Hassan
Published: January 2020

Entrepreneurship is important because it leads to increased economic efficiencies, brings innovation to market, creates new jobs, and sustains employment levels. The purpose of this study is to present new pattern of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. The authors review theoretical background and conclude about basic model, after that categorize literature review and then interview with 7 entrepreneurs. Finally, we represent components and criteria in 4 categories that are: skills, personal experiences of others, verbal persuasion through knowledge, physiological arousal and emotional dimensions.
Determinants of Brand Loyalty in Health Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Fozia , . Omer Malik
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of brand loyalty in health sector of Pakistan, the main theme is to study the relationship between dependent variable that is brand loyalty and determinants of brand loyalty i.e. independent variables that are brand knowledge, brand social responsibility image, service involvement and perceived service quality. Data was collected through questionnaire from customers of the health sector industry in twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Out of 200 questionnaires 175 questionnaires received back in which 160 were properly filled which shows 80% response rate that is highly positive response. The results show that the independent variables have significant impact on dependent variable (brand loyalty). We have limited our research to the health sector of the twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi only, rather than the entire health industry of Pakistan. Research related to in depth analysis of the topic can be further done in different multiple dimensions. One can include much more complex demographics portion in the study in order to find out for example the impact of gender on the variable of brand loyalty.
Analysis of Environmental Complexities and the Associated Dynamics for Development of SME Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Majid Abdul , . Naila Tabassum
Published: January 2020

The primary objective of this research is to explore the complex and dynamic behavior of the business environment for small and medium enterprises. While investigating into the complexities and dynamism of the business environment, this research would also attempt to suggest some guidelines for the development and growth of SME sector in Pakistan. Cluster sampling technique has been used for this research. For the purpose of data collection semi structured interviews have be conducted from eighty entrepreneurs from four SME clusters. This research work concludes that the business environment in Pakistan is relatively more complex in nature than other developing countries. To develop the SME sector in Pakistan it is necessary to understand and manage the environmental complexities with in-depth environmental analysis.
Location Orientation of Organic Stores in Low Demand Areas: A Case Study of a Niche Market
Authors: Gultekin Beyza , . Ana Espinosa SeguÃ­
Published: January 2020

This research provides a case study of a niche market in Marina Alta and Marina Baja counties located on the coast of the province of Alicante, Spain. These counties attract foreign residents from Germany, United Kingdom, and Scandinavia who are the frequent consumers of organic products. Accordingly, retailers choose the store location based on demand for organic products and detects a niche market in Spain. In addition, the study reveals the consumption patterns of organic-oriented consumers. In-depth interview is conducted with store managers and a researcher-administered survey is applied to the customers to identify the market. The study reveals the relationship between the presence of foreign residents who are more familiar to organic products and organic retailersâ€™ choice of store location. Results are given and discussed.
How do Procurement and Separation relate with Performance Management System among Employees? Testing the Mediating role of ICT Adoption
Authors: Nura Abubakar Allumi
Published: January 2020

This study is aimed at revealing how performance management system (PMS) relates to procurement and separation among employees in an organization. Several researches have been embarked upon in determining how one or two human resource management (HRM) practice (s) influence employee performance, however, an approach to studying the mediating effect of ICT adoption between procurement and separation and performance management system is still begging for rigorous academic attention. To reduce this widely created gap, the paper aimed at determining whether the procurement and separation are correlated to performance management system. The results however obtained through SmartPLS confirmed that there is full mediation effect of ICT adoption on one relationship and a partial mediation effect on the other.