bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada y soberanía alimentaria: una aproximación desde los instrumentos del derecho internacional
Authors: Hurtado Díaz Adolfo Martín
Published: September 2019

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, derecho a la alimentación y soberanía alimentaria son tres abordajes correlacionados fundamentales para el tratamiento y adecuada solución de los asuntos alimentarios de nuestras sociedades. Estos tres conceptos abordan la materia alimentaria desde tres ángulos que entre si son complementarios. Las debilidades en la comprensión de estos tres abordajes han generado dificultades de diálogo entre los diversos actores, nacionales e internacionales, relacionados a esta materia.
Efficiency of the Polycross and Controlled Hybridization Methods in Sweetpotato Breeding in Uganda
Authors: Ssali Reuben T. , Sseruwu Godfrey , Yada Bernard , Ssemakula Gorrettie , Wasonga Charles , Grüneberg Wolfgang J. , Eyzaguirre Raul , Low Jan W. , Mwanga Robert O. M.
Published: September 2019

Sweetpotato is an important crop in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. It is used for both human consumption as well as livestock feed. It is an important source of carbohydrates, vitamin C, fibre, iron, potassium, protein and β-carotene. Its production is, however, constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors, including pests and diseases, low soil fertility, drought, cold and salinity. Breeding is one of the ways to overcome some of these constraints and in sweetpotato the polycross or controlled cross methods can be used. To determine which of the two methods was more efficient, genotypes generated by both methods were evaluated over two seasons at Namulonge and Kachwekano. The type of cross (polycross or controlled) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different for storage root yield, response to sweetpotato virus disease, Alternaria blight, and harvest index (HI). The controlled cross families had a significantly higher mean HI of 43.2% than the polycross families with a mean HI of 31.8%. Therefore, controlled crosses could be deployed to systematically increase the HI in sweetpotato breeding populations. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed among families for all traits. This stresses that the parents used in a cross are very important in generating genotypes with desired attributes. It was apparent that both the polycross and controlled crosses are good methods for generating new sweetpotato genotypes in a sweetpotato breeding program. Where aggregate performance was considered (selection index) the controlled crosses method produced more (75% of the top 20 desirable genotypes) than the polycross method across the two sites. However, the best three genotypes over the two sites were from the polycross family of Ejumula. Therefore, sweetpotato controlled crosses could be very useful for population improvement using recurrent selection while polycrosses could be suitable for variety development. Both hybridization methods require cautious selection of parents to match the breeding objectives.
The Efficiency of Sampling Methods for Dendrometric Estimates of Thinned Stands of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Farias Klerysson Julio , Stepka Thiago Floriani , Nicoletti Marcos Felipe , Schorr Luis Paulo Baldissera , Borsoi Geedre Adriano , Junior Nilton Sergio Novack , Turmina Eliana , Hess André Felipe , Venturini Vinicius Chaussard , Souza Érica Barbosa Pereira de , Hoffmann Daniella , Pesck Vagner Alex , Lisboa Gerson dos Santos
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the sampling methods: Fixed Area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan to estimate the commercial volume and other dendrometric estimators for a 34 years old of Pinus taeda L. stands located in Campo Belo do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil. It were distributed a total of 10 sample units of the following methods: Fixed Area with 200, 400 and 500 m² of area, Bitterlich, Prodan and Modified Prodan were distributed, both with 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 trees. In addition to collecting dendrometric data, the installation time of the sample units was timed, whereby the relative efficiency for each method was calculated. The comparison between the harvest volumes and the volumes estimated by the methods was performed by the Skott Knott test, and the results that did not differ statistically were weighted by the parameters of relative error, relative efficiency and proximity to harvest. All variations of the Modified Prodan and Prodan methods had sample insufficiency. The number of trees per hectare presented higher values for the 200 m² Fixed Area method and lower values for Prodan with 10 trees. Prodan with 6 trees got the shortest time. The Bitterlich method obtained sample adequancy at 10% error and presented the best result. Among the alternative methods to Fixed Area, Modified Prodan with 7 trees can be indicated for pilot inventory. However, when more precise results are needed, the Bitterlich method is indicated.
3: Preventing complications of diabetes
Authors: Bate Katherine L , Jerums George
Published: September 2019

Diabetes complications are common and almost triple the annual cost of managing diabetes.

Microvascular complications are the major risk in type 1 diabetes, while macrovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Control of hyperglycaemia (target HbA1c level ≤ 7%) and hypertension (target blood pressure ≤ 130/80 mmHg) prevents microvascular complications in both types of diabetes; a multifactorial approach, comprising behaviour modification and pharmacological therapy for all risk factors, reduces the development of micro‐ and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.

The benefit of treating dyslipidaemia is at least as great in the diabetic population as in the non‐diabetic population.

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and low‐dose aspirin are indicated in people with diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Regular annual screening for diabetes complications allows treatable disease to be identified.
Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição: Módulo de Criação e Prescrição de Cardápios
Authors: Silva Larysse , Rodrigues Taniro , Menêzes Taiana
Published: September 2019

As Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) produzem e distribuem refeições a pessoas em estabelecimentos como universidades, hospitais e centros sociais. O gerenciamento de uma UAN é realizado por um nutricionista e inclui tarefas como a seleção de cardápios, gerência do pessoal e das atividades de preparação dos alimentos e gestão eficiente de insumos utilizados nas preparações. Tais tarefas demandam um esforço que poderia ser reduzido com o uso de um Sistema de Informação. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o desenvolvimento do Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (SIGUAN) que visa auxiliar o nutricionista na elaboração e prescrição de cardápios e no gerenciamento de uma UAN. O SIGUAN foi avaliado através da execução de um experimento controlado em termos de usabilidade, utilidade e produtividade em comparação com a abordagem tradicional empregada no restaurante universitário da EAJ-UFRN. Os resultados da avaliação mostraram que o SIGUAN atingiu os objetivos.
Colabore!: uma plataforma para identificação e colaboração de especialistas
Authors: Tavares de Almeida Hugo , Carlos Paiva Miranda Jean , de Oliveira Neves Vânia
Published: September 2019

Este artigo propõe o desenvolvimento da plataforma Colabore! cujo objetivo é oferecer meios para identificação e colaboração entre especialistas para a resolver um problema. Após um novo problema e as áreas de conhecimento necessárias serem relatados, a plataforma irá sugerir um grupo de profissionais habilitados para resolvê-lo.
SF2: Um aplicativo para identificar espécies de peixes do Baixo São Francisco.
Authors: Lima Ítalo , Couto Henrique , Souza Rychard , Almeida André , Magno André , Baía Davy
Published: September 2019

O consumo de peixes em cidades ribeirinhas, proporcionado pela pesca extrativista, é algo comum e crescente. Porém, muitos consumidores encontram dificuldades para realizar a identificação das espécies de peixes devido a grande ictiofauna existente. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma aplicação para auxiliar pescadores e população em geral na identificação das espécies de peixes do Baixo São Francisco. Para isto, aplicam-se técnicas da Inteligência Artificial(IA) como aprendizagem de máquina para criar um classificador baseado em Rede Neural Convolucional. A aplicação contém aspectos inovadores, possibilitando a um individuo, sem nenhum conhecimento prévio, utilizar o aplicativo para: (I) reconhecer e descrever a espécie; (II) informar o tamanho aproximado do peixe; (III) indicar informações nutricionais e (IV) recomendar formas de preparo do peixe. Essa aplicação apresentou indícios de impactos positivos nas áreas sociais, acadêmicos e econômicos da região do Baixo São Francisco.
Stabilization of Arbitrary Switched Nonlinear Fractional Order Dynamical Systems: Application to Francis Hydro-Turbine Governing System
Authors: Faraji-Niri Mona , Asadzadeh Vahid , Rahmani Fard Javad
Published: September 2019

This paper is a theoretical and practical study on the stabilization of fractional order Lipschitz nonlinear systems under arbitrary switching. The investigated system is a generalization of both switched and fractional order dynamical systems. Firstly, a switched frequency distributed model is introduced as an equivalent for the system. Subsequently, a sufficient condition is obtained for the stabilizability of the system based on the Lyapunov approach. Finally, the results are extended to synthesis mode-dependent state feedback controller for the system. All the results are expressed in terms of coupled linear matrix inequalities, which are solvable by optimization tools and directly reducible to the conditions of the integer order nonlinear switching systems as well as the conventional non-switched nonlinear fractional order systems. The proposed method has various practical implications. As an example, it is utilized to control Francis hydro-turbine governing system. This system is represented as a switching structure and supposed to supply a load suffering abrupt changes driven by an arbitrary switching mechanism. The simulation results support the usefulness of the method.
Investigation of methanol electro-oxidation on graphene supported platinum–tungsten catalyst
Authors: Kilmonis Teofilius , Nacys Antanas , Šimkūnaitė Dijana , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Balčiūnaitė Aldona , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: September 2019

The graphene (GR) supported platinum–tungsten (PtW) catalysts with Pt:W molar ratios, equal to 1.6:1, 2.3:1 and 7.1:1, were prepared by a rapid microwave-assisted heating method. The activity of the catalysts was investigated for the electro-oxidation of methanol in an alkaline medium by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). It has been determined that the rate of methanol oxidation depends on the Pt:W molar ratio in the PtW/GR catalysts. From the CV measurements it follows that the highest current density values, specific and mass activities are obtained for the PtW/GR catalyst with the Pt:W molar ratio equal to 1.6:1. Similarly, the chronoamperometry measurements point to the best performance of the PtW/GR catalyst with the same Pt:W molar ratio. Moreover, in all cases the synthesized PtW/GR catalysts, regardless of different Pt:W molar ratio, show an enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the direct electro-oxidation of methanol when compared with that for the bare Pt/GR and W/GR catalysts.
“If Only It Makes Them Pretty”: Tattooing in “Prompted” Inuit Drawings
Authors: Jelinski Jamie
Published: September 2019

Tattooing was a widespread cultural practice amongst Inuit women for millennia before the first Europeans arrived in the Arctic. However, by the nineteenth century, colonial, imperial, and missionary mechanisms led to the decline of many pre-contact Inuit belief systems and practices, including tattooing. Although tattooing had begun to disappear from Inuit bodies by the late nineteenth century, it did not vanish altogether. Beginning in the early twentieth century, a number of Inuit, aided by newly introduced Western materials, transferred their knowledge of tattooing from skin to paper to create pictorial records of the pre-contact custom. This article begins by establishing an early precedent for post-contact Inuit drawing through the examination of work depicting tattooing collected by Reverend Edmund James Peck and Diamond Jenness. It then moves on to consider a group of twelve drawings collected by Danish-Inuk explorer and anthropologist Knud Rasmussen during the Fifth Thule Expedition. These drawings occupy a precarious place alongside other types of Inuit visual culture as they were originally collected as ethnographic artifacts, thus denying their aesthetic importance and interior Inuit cultural value. When reconsidered, these early drawings demonstrate the Inuit ability to appropriate Western materials as a form of both cultural endurance and record. Consequently, I argue that such drawings allowed tattooing to persist, albeit pictorially, despite the overall decline of the practice in its bodily form.
How to make new discoveries in (human) anatomy
Authors: Wedel Mathew John
Published: September 2019

Despite the perception that human anatomy is a completed science, new discoveries continue to be reported. Some merely expand the previously known range of human variation, but others are gross structures present in most people, which simply escaped detection until recently. An analysis of recent discoveries suggests several avenues along which new discoveries might be sought:

1. Anatomically complex regions with multiple potential distractors: the anterolateral ligament of the knee escaped widespread appreciation until 2013, probably because the human knee is a forbiddingly complex structure that is rarely dissected completely, and several superficially similar structures are present in the same area.

2. Common characters of other taxa expressed as rare variants in humans: vagus nerve fibers to the trachea and esophagus are typically incorporated into the recurrent laryngeal nerve in humans, but form a separate pararecurrent nerve in some other mammals, and rarely in humans.

3. Replaced peripheral nerves: nerve fibers from the 4th lumbar spinal level to the leg are usually incorporated into the femoral nerve, but in rare cases become part of the obturator nerve. In such cases, the posterior branch of the saphenous nerve appears to have been replaced by the obturator nerve. Similar replacements in other regions of the body are underexplored.

Most recent discoveries fall into a perceptual blind spot: medical students dissecting human cadavers have the opportunity to find these structures, but usually lack the expertise to recognize or preserve them. In contract, surgeons have the necessary expertise, but rarely have the opportunity to open people up sufficiently to identify or trace these structures.

If new discoveries remain to be made even in the well-trod ground of human anatomy, then many more surely await discovery in extant and extinct non-humans, and these guidelines may prove useful in other taxa as well.
ViralPlaque: a Fiji macro for automated assessment of viral plaque statistics
Authors: Cacciabue Marco , Currá Anabella , Gismondi Maria I.
Published: September 2019

Plaque assay has been used for a long time to determine infectious titers and characterize prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses forming plaques. Indeed, plaque morphology and dimensions can provide information regarding the replication kinetics and the virulence of a particular virus. In this work, we present ViralPlaque, a fast, open-source and versatile ImageJ macro for the automated determination of viral plaque dimensions from digital images. Also, a machine learning plugin is integrated in the analysis algorithm for adaptation of ViralPlaque to the user’s needs and experimental conditions. A high correlation between manual and automated measurements of plaque dimensions was demonstrated. This macro will facilitate reliable and reproducible characterization of cytolytic viruses with an increased processing speed.
Effects of Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agricultural Development (ISPAAD) on the Income of Sorghum Farmers: Evidence from Kweneng District, Botswana
Authors: Motlhwa Gaboinewe , James Mgale Yohana , Yunxian Yan
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the factors influencing participation decisions among the farmer’s households of the Integrated Support Program for Arable Agricultural Development with the logistic model and assesses its effects on the agricultural sector in Botswana. Using random sampling, data were collected from 397 households at Kweneng District. The results showed that farm size, type of seed provided, amount of fertilizing, household size, access to extension services, availability of labour, sex of the farmer, risk attitude, total productivity per hectare and group participation were statistically significant at 1% or 5% level. Further analysis revealed that participation improves the income of small-scale farmers.
Social media data archives in an API-driven world
Authors: Acker Amelia , Kreisberg Adam
Published: September 2019

In this article, we explore the long-term preservation implications of application programming interfaces (APIs) which govern access to data extracted from social media platforms. We begin by introducing the preservation problems that arise when APIs are the primary way to extract data from platforms, and how tensions fit with existing models of archives and digital repository development. We then define a range of possible types of API users motivated to access social media data from platforms and consider how these users relate to principles of digital preservation. We discuss how platforms’ policies and terms of service govern the set of possibilities for access using these APIs and how the current access regime permits persistent problems for archivists who seek to provide access to collections of social media data. We conclude by surveying emerging models for access to social media data archives found in the USA, including community driven not-for-profit community archives, university research repositories, and early industry–academic partnerships with platforms. Given the important role these platforms occupy in capturing and reflecting our digital culture, we argue that archivists and memory workers should apply a platform perspective when confronting the rich problem space that social platforms and their APIs present for the possibilities of social media data archives, asserting their role as “developer stewards” in preserving culturally significant data from social media platforms.
Similarity between seed rain and neighbouring mature tree communities in an old-growth temperate forest
Authors: Wang Yunyun , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Lin Fei , Yuan Zuoqiang , Ye Ji , Wang Xugao , Hao Zhanqing
Published: September 2019

Seed distribution and deposition patterns around parent trees are strongly affected by functional traits and therefore influence the development of plant communities. To assess the limitations of seed dispersal and the extent to which diaspore and neighbouring parental traits explain seed rain, we used a 9-year seed data set based on 150 seed traps in a 25-ha area of a temperate forest in the Changbai Mountain. Among 480,598 seeds belonging to 12 families, 17 genera, and 26 species were identified, only 54% of the species with mature trees in the community were represented in seeds collected over the 9 years, indicating a limitation in seed dispersal. Understory species were most limited; overstory species were least limited. Species with wind-dispersed seed had the least limitation, while the lowest similarity in species richness was for animal-dispersed species followed by gravity-dispersed species; fleshy-fruited species had stronger dispersal limitations than dry-fruited species. Generalized linear mixed models showed that relative basal area had a significant positive effect on seed abundance in traps, while the contribution of diaspore traits was low for nearly all groups. These results suggest that tree traits had the strongest contribution to seed dispersal and deposition for all functional groups examined here. These findings strengthen the knowledge that tree traits are key in explaining seed deposition patterns, at least at the primary dispersal stage. This improved knowledge of sources of seeds that are dispersed could facilitate greater understanding of seedling and community dynamics in temperate forests.
The effects of parental relationships, and gender and grade differences on depressive disorder in Chinese adolescents: the evidence from multiple cross-sectional surveys (1999–2016)
Authors: Wang Limin , Zhang Yafeng , Yin Hui , Zhang Zuoming , Tao Yuchun , Xu Ye , Chen Lu , Feng Yongqing , Liu Yixin
Published: September 2019

This study aims to investigate the impacts of parental relationships, gender, and grade differences on depressive disorder among Chinese adolescents over a time period of nearly 20 years. The first survey took place in 1999 and involved 852 students; subsequent follow-up surveys took place in 2006, 2009 and 2016, with 3345 students involved in total. Depressive disorder was measured bySCL-90-R (Chinese version). The surveys also collected social-demographic information about the respondents. Three indicators of parental relationships were examined—parental quarrels, parental disharmony and parental divorce. The results show that gender was significantly associated with adolescents’ depressive disorder and that there was a higher prevalence of depressive disorder among senior middle school students than among junior middle school students, except in 1999. Troubled parental relationships were associated with high risks of depressive disorder. Coefficients and 95% CI were adjusted for the survey years (1999, 2006, 2009, 2016), school grades (junior or senior middle school students), gender (girls/boys), parental quarrels (yes/no), parental disharmony (yes/no), and parental divorce (yes/no). Logistic regression indicated that parental divorce and gender were the two strongest predictors of the presence of depressive disorder. In summary, there was a higher prevalence of depressive disorder among girls and senior middle school students. Adolescents are vulnerable to depressive disorder in cases of parental divorce. Therefore, good parental relationships may be considered an important and necessary factor that affects the susceptibility of Chinese adolescents to depressive disorder.
Towards a Phenomenology of Musical Borrowing
Authors: Hallowell Sean Russell
Published: September 2019

In discourse on the topic, the question of what constitutes a musical ‘borrowing’, if raised at all, is usually restricted in scope and framed as one of terminology – that is, of determining the right term to characterise a particular borrowing act. In this way has arisen a welter of terms that, however expressive of nuance, have precluded evaluation of the phenomenon as such. This is in part a consequence of general disregard for the fact that to conceive of musical borrowing entails correlative concepts, all of which precondition it, yet none self-evidently. Further preclusive of clarity, the musico-analytic lens of borrowing is typically invoked only in counterpoint to a quintessentially Western aesthetic category of compositionex nihilo. As a consequence, the fundamental role played by borrowing in musical domains situated at the periphery of the Western art music tradition, specifically pre-modern polyphony and twentieth-century musique concrète, has been overlooked. This article seeks to bridge such lacunae in our understanding of musical borrowing via phenomenological investigation into its conceptual and historical foundations. A more comprehensive evaluation of musical borrowing, one capable of accounting for its diverse instantiations while simultaneously disclosing what makes all of them ‘borrowings’ in the first place, is thereby attainable.
Analysis of Granular Acousmatic Music: Representation of sound flux and emergence
Authors: Rossetti Danilo , Manzolli Jônatas
Published: September 2019

Analysing electroacoustic music is a challenging task that can be approached by different strategies. In the last few decades, newly emerging computer environments have enabled analysts to examine the sound spectrum content in greater detail. This has resulted in new graphical representation of features extracted from audio recordings. In this article, we propose the use of representations from complex dynamical systems such as phase space graphics in musical analysis to reveal emergent timbre features in granular technique-based acousmatic music. It is known that granular techniques applied to musical composition generate considerable sound flux, regardless of the adopted procedures and available technological equipment. We investigate points of convergence between different aesthetics of the so-called Granular Paradigm in electroacoustic music, and consider compositions employing different methods and techniques. We analyse three works: Concret PH (1958) by Iannis Xenakis, Riverrun (1986) by Barry Truax, and Schall (1996) by Horacio Vaggione. In our analytical methodology, we apply such concepts as volume and emergence, as well as their graphical representation to the pieces. In conclusion we compare our results and discuss how they relate to the three composers’ specific procedures creating sound flux as well as to their compositional epistemologies and ontologies.
Long-term mucosal injury and repair in a murine model of pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Malipatlolla Dilip K. , Patel Piyush , Sjöberg Fei , Devarakonda Sravani , Kalm Marie , Angenete Eva , Lindskog Elinor Bexe , Grandér Rita , Persson Linda , Stringer Andrea , Wilderäng Ulrica , Swanpalmer John , Kuhn Hans Georg , Steineck Gunnar , Bull Cecilia
Published: September 2019

Chronic intestinal injury after pelvic radiotherapy affects countless cancer survivors worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the long-term injury dynamics is prevented in available animal models. With linear accelerators that are used to treat cancer in patients, we irradiated a small volume encompassing the colorectum in mice with four fractions of 8 Gy per fraction. We then determined the long-term dynamics of mucosal injury, repair, and the duration of inflammation. We show that crypt fission, not cell proliferation, is the main long-term mechanism for rescuing crypt density after irradiation, and provides a potentially wide window for clinical interventions. Persisting macrophage aggregations indicate a chronic mucosal inflammation. A better understanding as to how crypt fission is triggered and why it fails to repair fully the mucosa may help restore bowel health after pelvic radiotherapy. Moreover, anti-inflammatory interventions, even if implemented long after completed radiotherapy, could promote bowel health in pelvic cancer survivors.
Self-illumination of Carbon Dots by Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Song Jisu , Zhang Jin
Published: September 2019

Carbon-dots (CDs), the emerging fluorescent nanoparticles, show special multicolor properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility, and are considered as the new and advanced imaging probe in replacement of molecular fluorophores and semiconductor quantum dots. However, the requirement of external high power light source limits the application of fluorescent nanomaterials in bio-imaging. The present study aims to take advantage of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer mechanism (BRET) in creating self-illuminating C-dots. Renilla luciferase (Rluc) is chosen as the BRET donor molecule. Conjugation of Renilla luciferase and C-dots is necessary to keep their distance close for energy transfer. The optimal condition for achieving BRET is investigated by studying the effects of different factors on the performance of BRET, including the type of conjugation, concentration of carbon dots, and conjugation time. The linear relationship of BRET efficiency as a function of the amount of C-dots in the range of 0.20–0.80 mg/mL is observed. The self-illuminating carbon dots could be applied in bioimaging avoiding the tissue damage from the external high power light source.
Cyclic (aryl)(amido)carbenes: pushing the π-acidity of amidocarbenes through benzannulation
Authors: Gildner M. Brenton , Hudnall Todd W.
Published: September 2019

Cyclic(aryl)(amido)carbenes were synthesized, and studiedviaa combination of experimental and computational approaches.
Chelation-directed remote meta-C–H functionalization of aromatic aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Xie Shuguang , Li Sen , Ma Wenqian , Xu Xiaohua , Jin Zhong
Published: September 2019

Chelation-directed remote meta-C–H functionalization of aromatic aldehydes and ketones was realized via in situ-generated acetals and ketals.
Amorphous FeNi-bimetallic infinite coordination polymers as advanced electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ma Junchao , Bai Xiaojue , He Wenxiu , Wang Sha , Li Linlin , Chen Huan , Wang Tieqiang , Zhang Xuemin , Li Yunong , Zhang Liying , Chen Junyi , Meng Fanbao , Fu Yu
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of the FeNi-bimetallic ICP/NF is simple and fast, and the amorphous nanosheet-based material exhibits excellent performance during OER electrocatalysis.
A novel electrochemiluminescent emitter of europium hydroxide nanorods and its application in bioanalysis
Authors: Tian Chunyuan , Wang Li , Luan Feng , Fu Xiuli , Zhuang Xuming , Chen Lingxin
Published: September 2019

The high electrochemiluminescence intensity from europium hydroxide nanorods was reported for sensitive detection of thrombin.
Exploration of relative π-electron localization in naphthalene aromatic rings by C–H⋯π interactions: experimental evidence, computational criteria, and database analysis
Authors: Samie Ali , Salimi Alireza , Garrison Jered C.
Published: September 2019

In C–H⋯π interaction, the relative π-electron localization in aromatic ring led to the change of contact position from centre to edges of the ring (C–H⋯πe) which was confirmed by experimental evidences, computational criteria, and database analysis.
Encapsulation and characterisation of cationic benzo[a]phenoxazines in zeolite HY
Authors: Guney Orhan , Gonçalves M. Sameiro T. , Fonseca António M. , Soares Olívia S. G. P. , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Neves Isabel C.
Published: September 2019

Encapsulated benzo[a]phenoxazinium derivatives were synthesized inside of zeolite HY and exhibit excellent fluorescence emission behavior.
Computational insight into a new family of functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides as high-energy density materials
Authors: He Piao , Han Jingjie , Wu Jinting , Mei Haozheng , Zhang Jianguo
Published: September 2019

A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties were extensively investigated. The excellent performance makes them promising candidates for new environmentally friendly HEDMs.
Bone marrow niche crosses paths with BMPs: a road to protection and persistence in CML
Authors: Busch Caroline , Wheadon Helen
Published: September 2019

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a paradigm of precision medicine, being one of the first cancers to be treated with targeted therapy. This has revolutionised CML therapy and patient outcome, with high survival rates. However, this now means an ever-increasing number of patients are living with the disease on life-long tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with most patients anticipated to have near normal life expectancy. Unfortunately, in a significant number of patients, TKIs are not curative. This low-level disease persistence suggests that despite a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, there are BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms exploited to sustain the survival of a small cell population of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). In CML, LSCs display many features akin to haemopoietic stem cells, namely quiescence, self-renewal and the ability to produce mature progeny, this all occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic signals within the specialised microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) niche. One important avenue of investigation in CML is how the disease highjacks the BM, thereby remodelling this microenvironment to create a niche, which enables LSC persistence and resistance to TKI treatment. In this review, we explore how changes in growth factor levels, in particular, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impact on cell behaviour, extracellular matrix deposition and bone remodelling in CML. We also discuss the challenges in targeting LSCs and the potential of dual targeting using combination therapies against BMP receptors and BCR-ABL1.
Mammalian mitochondrial translation — revealing consequences of divergent evolution
Authors: Al-Faresi Rawaa A. Z. , Lightowlers Robert. N. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M. A.
Published: September 2019

Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles present in the cytoplasm of all nucleated eukaryotic cells. These organelles are described as arising from a common ancestor but a comparison of numerous aspects of mitochondria between different organisms provides remarkable examples of divergent evolution. In humans, these organelles are of dual genetic origin, comprising ∼1500 nuclear-encoded proteins and thirteen that are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Of the various functions that these organelles perform, it is only oxidative phosphorylation, which provides ATP as a source of chemical energy, that is dependent on synthesis of these thirteen mitochondrially encoded proteins. A prerequisite for this process of translation are the mitoribosomes. The recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy has generated high-resolution mitoribosome structures and has undoubtedly revealed some of the most distinctive molecular aspects of the mitoribosomes from different organisms. However, we still lack a complete understanding of the mechanistic aspects of this process and many of the factors involved in post-transcriptional gene expression in mitochondria. This review reflects on the current knowledge and illustrates some of the striking differences that have been identified between mitochondria from a range of organisms.
Nearly polar orbit of the sub-Neptune HD 3167 c
Authors: Dalal S. , Hébrard G. , Lecavelier des Étangs A. , Petit A. C. , Bourrier V. , Laskar J. , König P.-C. , Correia A. C. M.
Published: September 2019

Aims. We present the obliquity measurement, that is, the angle between the normal angle of the orbital plane and the stellar spin axis, of the sub-Neptune planet HD 3167 c, which transits a bright nearby K0 star. We study the orbital architecture of this multi-planet system to understand its dynamical history. We also place constraints on the obliquity of planet d based on the geometry of the planetary system and the dynamical study of the system.

Methods. New observations obtained with HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) were employed for our analysis. The sky-projected obliquity was measured using three different methods: the Rossiter-McLaughlin anomaly, Doppler tomography, and reloaded Rossiter-McLaughlin techniques. We performed the stability analysis of the system and investigated the dynamical interactions between the planets and the star.

Results. HD 3167 c is found to be nearly polar with sky-projected obliquity, λ = −97°± 23°. This misalignment of the orbit of planet c with the spin axis of the host star is detected with 97% confidence. The analysis of the dynamics of this system yields coplanar orbits of planets c and d. It also shows that it is unlikely that the currently observed system can generate this high obliquity for planets c and d by itself. However, the polar orbits of planets c and d could be explained by the presence of an outer companion in the system. Follow-up observations of the system are required to confirm such a long-period companion.
Modelica model of industrial gas furnaces
Authors: Aranburu Iñigo , Egilegor Bakartxo , Bonilla Iñigo , Manzanedo Jaio , Gaztañaga Haizea
Published: September 2019

Modelica models for the prediction of the temperature of the load inside a walking basket type reheat furnace of the aluminium industry have been developed. The loads move through the furnace with discrete movements. Several library components have been developed using the Modelica Standard Fluid Library. In order to validate them a full 1D furnace simulation model has been built. It allows calculating the heat transfer through walls, the temperature and the composition of combustion gases, the temperature of the aluminium products, as well as the fumes flow and the pressure drops. The library provides the necessary resources for modelling this type of furnaces flexibly and quickly. The objective of the work is to validate Modelica as analyse tool for evaluating the different possibilities of heat recovery in this kind on furnaces.
Sensor network for PM2.5 measurements on an academic campus area
Authors: Badura Marek , Sówka Izabela , Batog Piotr , Szymański Piotr , Dąbrowski Łukasz
Published: September 2019

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pose a serious threat to health. Therefore it should be monitored to assess its health impacts and to take actions to reduce its pollution. However, the traditional regulatory measuring stations are not able to capture the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 concentrations. The opportunity to improve the resolution of PM2.5 data is based on dense networks of miniaturized low-cost sensors. The article presents the sensor network for campus area of Wrocław University of Science and Technology. This system consists of 20 sensor nodes, distributed both on a narrow scale (14 devices on the main campus area) and on a wide scale (devices on campuses in distant parts of the city). Sensor devices have been equipped with optical sensors A003 from Plantower company and with heated inlets. Dedicated website with a map is used to present the up-to-date information about air quality to the public. Messages on air quality are based on air quality index, calculated every 15 minutes. The article demonstrates also few results of preliminary measurements, when episodes of elevated PM2.5 concentrations were observed. Sensor nodes proved to be an useful tool to monitor the changes of air pollution during such events.
Experimental investigations of the performance of a thermoacoustic electricity generator
Authors: Hamood Ahmed , Jaworski Artur
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the experimental investigation of a two-stage thermoacoustic electricity generator able to convert heat at the temperature of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion into useful electricity. The novel configuration is one wavelength and consists of two identical stages. The identical stages will have out of phase acoustic wave at similar amplitudes which allows coupling a linear alternator to run in push-pull mode. The experimental set-up is 16.1 m long and runs at 54.7 Hz. The working medium is helium at 28 bar. The maximum generated electric power is 73.3 W at 5.64% thermal-to-electric efficiency. The working parameters including load resistance, mean pressure and heating power were investigated.
Effect of food shortage and metal contamination on the mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Wróbel Magdalena , Rybak Justyna
Published: September 2019

In this study we assessed the metabolic reaction of mealworms to toxic metals Cu and Pb alone or delivered with carrots as an additional source of water and minerals. We compared our results with metabolic reaction of mealworms to food shortage. We recorded the highest morality and mass loss in culture contaminated with Pb (in relation to Cu contamination) proving the greatest impact of this metal on metabolism of mealworms. The great decrease in protein, carbohydrates and lipid content was observed in this variant (mealworms fed with food contaminated with Pb) as well. The slight positive effect of carrot addition was observed for larvae fed with both metals. Starvation had similar but slighter effect as Pb on metabolism as starved larvae were characterised by high, but not the highest decrease of protein, carbohydrates and lipid content. The studies proved that metal contamination could have great impact on metabolism of mealworms which is a key issue when we consider these insects as a source of proteins in place of vertebrates.
Acoustic parametric techniques for neutrino telescopes
Authors: Ardid Miguel , Tortosa Dídac D. , Llorens Alvarez Carlos David , Martínez-Mora Juan A. , Saldaña María
Published: September 2019

In this work, we present a compact transmitter array based on the parametric acoustic sources effect able to reproduce the acoustic signature of an Ultra-High Energy neutrino interaction in water. We also propose to use directive transducers employing the parametric technique for the characterization of piezo-ceramic sensors contained in the KM3NeT Digital Optical Modules. This technique can minimize the need for tests in an anechoic tank.
Simulation studies for large scale acoustic neutrino detectors
Authors: Kieβling Dominik , Lahmann Robert
Published: September 2019

The AMADEUS system is a submarine acoustic array that was operated from 2008 until 2015 as a part of the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Its design goal was to investigate the feasibility of acoustic neutrino detection in the deep sea. The data taken during its eight years of operation provide a wealth of information for setting up realistic simulations of future acoustic neutrino detectors. Using in addition simulations of neutrino interactions in water, various potential acoustic neutrino detector designs were investigated and methods for suppressing background and reconstructing energy and direction of incoming neutrinos were developed. In this article, some recent results will be presented.
Radio Phased Arrays for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos
Authors: Oberla Eric
Published: September 2019

Ground-based radio arrays offer a promising future for the measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos, including the prospect of reducing the radio-detection energy threshold to a level necessary to overlap with the high-energy range probed by IceCube (~1016 eV). Here we describe a phased array of antennas and beamforming electronics, which serves as a highly sensitive and directional trigger system for nanosecond-scale plane wave impulses. A prototype in-ice phased array was successfully installed during the 2017/18 austral summer at the South Pole in collaboration with the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA). The trigger array is a compact string of 7 in-ice dipole antennas deployed at a depth of 200 m, whose signals are continuously digitized at the surface using 1.5 GSa/s ADCs with 7-bit resolution. We measure a 50% trigger efficiency on band-limited impulses with signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0 or smaller.
Optimization and economic assessment of renewable energy sources and their combinations for Central Europe
Authors: Skovajsa Jan , Zálešák Martin
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the economic evaluation of investment and optimization of the renewable energy sources for family houses. For example, from the point of view of solar systems, the optimal solution is based on the specific application of it. The design is dependent on the location of the panels and ration between active aperture area and real daytime consumption. Common calculations according to actual standards often give overstated results, which also reflected in the value of the investments. The article shows the research of optimal parameters of the thermal solar system for preparing of domestic hot water. A combination of related standards and software TRNSYS are used to find optimal parameters. Thanks to created and verified simulation models, it is possible to design parameters so as to avoid under-dimensioning or over-dimensioning of the each system. Energy price is another factor affects the payback period of investments. This is affected by the used energy sources and their combination. For example, buildings that use electricity to heat water or heating have different energy charges than a building that uses natural gas. So, the aim is to find optimal solution of the combination of renewable energy sources.
Optimization of lupine hydrolyzate separation
Authors: Pecha Jiří , Husár Jakub , Jelínek Miloš , Šánek Lubomír , Kolomazník Karel
Published: September 2019

Lupine hydrolyzate is a promising source of proteins. Hydrolysis of lupine flour was studied under various conditions and their influence on reaction mixture separation by means of filtration was assessed. A mathematical model describing separation process was suggested and verified. This model was used in further calculations and process simulations. It was shown, that the filtration largely depends on the molar mass distribution, respectively the degree of hydrolysis. In addition, an approach enabling optimizing filtration was presented. The time of filtration performed at optimal conditions was almost ten times decreased.
Modelling of the kinetics of transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with different reactant dosing procedures
Authors: Husár Jakub , Pecha Jiří , Šánek Lubomír , Kolomaznik Karel
Published: September 2019

Transesterification of triglycerides is a common method in the production of biodiesel, specifically methyl esters of fatty acids. In this work, the transesterification kinetics was studied for an unusual dosing procedure taking into account the side reaction - hydrolysis. This unwanted side reaction, called saponification, causes the deactivation of the used catalyst and decreases the purity of biodiesel, the main product of transesterification. For these reasons, a model of methanolysis has been designed and clarified considering both the main and side reactions with various dosing of raw material and catalyst. The suggested mathematical model is capable of predicting the state of the reaction mixture in time under different initial reaction mixture composition and different reaction temperature. The verified model could be useful for the estimation of optimal conditions and dosage procedure of methanolysis under which saponification is reduced, and is also important for the design of industrial manufacturing process, equipment and process control algorithms.
Metal-Free Hydroamination of Alkynes: A Mild and Concise Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2-a]indoles and their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Short Spencer , Rhodes Steven , Bhave Vishakha S. , Hojo Ryoga , Jha Mukund
Published: September 2019

A metal-free, mild and efficient method for the synthesis of thiazolo[3,2-a]indoles has been developed starting from indoline-2-thiones. The reaction methodology involves first the formation of thermally labile 2-(prop-2-ynylthio)-1H-indole intermediates, which undergo base-mediated intramolecular hydroamination to produce the title compounds in excellent yields.