bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLUH controls astrin-1 expression to couple mitochondrial metabolism to cell cycle progression
Authors: Schatton Désirée , Di Pietro Giada , Szczepanowska Karolina , Veronese Matteo , Marx Marie-Charlotte , Braunöhler Kristina , Barth Esther , Müller Stefan , Giavalisco Patrick , Langer Thomas , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Rugarli Elena I
Published: May 2022

Proliferating cells undergo metabolic changes in synchrony with cell cycle progression and cell division. Mitochondria provide fuel, metabolites, and ATP during different phases of the cell cycle, however it is not completely understood how mitochondrial function and the cell cycle are coordinated. CLUH (clustered mitochondria homolog) is a post-transcriptional regulator of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and several metabolic pathways. Here, we show a role of CLUH in regulating the expression of astrin, which is involved in metaphase to anaphase progression, centrosome integrity, and mTORC1 inhibition. We find that CLUH binds both the SPAG5 mRNA and its product astrin, and controls the synthesis and the stability of the full-length astrin-1 isoform. We show that CLUH interacts with astrin-1 specifically during interphase. Astrin-depleted cells show mTORC1 hyperactivation and enhanced anabolism. On the other hand, cells lacking CLUH show decreased astrin levels and increased mTORC1 signaling, but cannot sustain anaplerotic and anabolic pathways. In absence of CLUH, cells fail to grow during G1, and progress faster through the cell cycle, indicating dysregulated matching of growth, metabolism, and cell cycling. Our data reveal a role of CLUH in coupling growth signaling pathways and mitochondrial metabolism with cell cycle progression.
Local activation of focal adhesion kinase orchestrates the positioning of presynaptic scaffold proteins and Ca2+ signalling to control glucose-dependent insulin secretion
Authors: Jevon Dillon , Deng Kylie , Hallahan Nicole , Kumar Krish , Tong Jason , Gan Wan Jun , Tran Clara , Bilek Marcela , Thorn Peter
Published: May 2022

A developing understanding suggests that spatial compartmentalisation in pancreatic β cells is critical in controlling insulin secretion. To investigate the mechanisms, we have developed live-cell subcellular imaging methods using the mouse organotypic pancreatic slice. We demonstrate that the organotypic pancreatic slice, when compared with isolated islets, preserves intact β-cell structure, and enhances glucose-dependent Ca2+ responses and insulin secretion. Using the slice technique, we have discovered the essential role of local activation of integrins and the downstream component, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), in regulating β cells. Integrins and FAK are exclusively activated at the β-cell capillary interface and using in situ and in vitro models we show their activation both positions presynaptic scaffold proteins, like ELKS and liprin, and regulates glucose-dependent Ca2+ responses and insulin secretion. We conclude that FAK orchestrates the final steps of glucose-dependent insulin secretion within the restricted domain where β-cell contact the islet capillaries.
An approach to fill in missing data from satellite imagery using data-intensive computing and DINEOF
Authors: Lomelí-Huerta José Roberto , Rivera-Caicedo Juan Pablo , De-la-Torre Miguel , Acevedo-Juárez Brenda , Cepeda-Morales Jushiro , Avila-George Himer
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes an approach to fill in missing data from satellite images using data-intensive computing platforms. The proposed approach merges satellite imagery from diverse sources to reduce the impact of the holes in images that result from acquisition conditions: occlusion, the satellite trajectory, sunlight, among others. The amount of computation effort derived from the use of large high-resolution images is addressed by data-intensive computing techniques that assume an underlying cluster architecture. As a start, satellite data from the region of study are automatically downloaded; then, data from different sensors are corrected and merged to obtain an orthomosaic; finally, the orthomosaic is split into user-defined segments to fill in missing data, and filled segments are assembled to produce an orthomosaic with a reduced amount of missing data. As a proof of concept, the proposed data-intensive approach was implemented to study the concentration of chlorophyll at the Mexican oceans by merging data from MODIS-TERRA, MODIS-AQUA, VIIRS-SNPP, and VIIRS-JPSS-1 sensors. The results revealed that the proposed approach produces results that are similar to state-of-the-art approaches to estimate chlorophyll concentration but avoid memory overflow with large images. Visual and statistical comparison of the resulting images revealed that the proposed approach provides a more accurate estimation of chlorophyll concentration when compared to the mean of pixels method alone.
Prevalence of hyperglycemia in masters athletes
Authors: Climstein Mike , Walsh Joe , Adams Kent , Sevene Trish , Heazlewood Tim , DeBeliso Mark
Published: May 2022

Background

Ageing is associated with decreased physical activity, obesity and subsequently an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2dm). Master athletes (MA) have initiated exercise or sport later in life or pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period. Subsequently, MAs have been proposed as a model of successful ageing as this active lifestyle is associated with health benefits including decreased health risk of chronic diseases and a reduction in premature mortality. Given long-term physical activity/exercise has previously been shown to be protective against hyperglycemia, a risk factor for T2dm, it is plausible that MA may have protective benefit against developing hyperglycemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperglycemia via fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in MAs competing at the World Masters Games (WMG).

Methods

This cross-sectional, observational survey utilized an online survey using open-source web-based software was used to investigate MAs physiological and medical-related parameters. Over 28,000 MAs competed in the WMG, of which 8,072 MAs completed the survey. Of these MAs, a total of 486 (males 277, females 209; range 27 to 91 years, mean age 55.1 ± 10.2 years) attained recent pathology results which included FPG which was subsequently analyzed for this study. FPG and other outcome variables were compared between genders and to the Australian and United States general population.

Results

Mean FPG for MAs was 5.03 mmol (±1.2, 95% CI [4.9–5.1] mmol) with majority (75.5%) of MAs reporting a normal (<5.5 mmol) FPG, followed by pre-diabetes (20.2%, >5.51 to <5.99 mmol) and abnormal (4.3%, >7.0 mmol). There was no significant difference (P = 0.333) in FPG between genders however, males had a slightly higher (+2.1%) FPG as compared to females (5.08 ± 1.2 mmol (95% CI [4.9–5.22] mmol) versus 4.98 ± 1.1 mmol (95% CI 4.8-5.1 mmol)). The majority of males (71.8%) and females (80.3%) were classified with a normal FPG. With regard to an abnormal FPG level, only 4.0% of males and 4.9% of females were classified abnormal which was suggestive of undiagnosed T2dm. With regard to age by decade, there was no significant difference (P = 0.06–1.00) between age groups and no relationship between the MAs’ age and FPG (r = .054, P = 0.24). As a group, MAs had a significantly lower FPG as compared to the Australian (−3.2%, P = 0.005) and United States general populations (−13.9%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Most, however not all, MAs were found to have normal glycaemia, with only a small percentage indicating a risk of developing T2dm (i.e., impaired fasting glucose) and a smaller percentage identified with an abnormal FPG, suggestive of T2dm. These findings suggest MAs appear to be at low metabolic risk for developing T2dm based upon FPG and the physical activity/exercise they complete as MAs may indeed be protective against hyperglycemia whilst maintaining an active lifestyle.
Lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages regulate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through exosomes
Authors: Song Xiao , Xue Yiwen , Fan Siyu , Hao Jing , Deng Runzhi
Published: May 2022

Background

Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ultimate goal of periodontitis treatment. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that participate in and regulate the physiological activities between cells. However, the relationship between inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes and osteoblast differentiation in periodontitis has not been thoroughly reported. Here, we attempt to explore the role of inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes in crosstalk with osteoblasts.

Methods

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was used to stimulate macrophages and inflate their inflammatory cellular state. Exosomes were extracted from inflammatory macrophages using supercentrifugation, and their characteristics were detected by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and Western blotting. Exosome uptake bybone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The effects of exosomes on the BMSC inflammatory response and on osteogenic differentiation were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was tested for verification.

Results

We successfully extracted and identified inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes and observed that BMSCs successfully took up exosomes. Inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in BMSCs and mediated inflammatory stimulation. Additionally, they inhibited the transcription levels of the osteogenic genes alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 as well as the alkaline phosphatase activity, while the use of the exosome inhibitor GW4869 attenuated this effect.

Conclusion

Our study shows that macrophages in periodontitis can mediate inflammatory stimulation and inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the exosome pathway. Interference with exosome secretion is likely to be a promising method for bone tissue regeneration in inflammatory states.
Soil properties and microbial communities of spring maize filed in response to tillage with straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilization in northeast China
Authors: Sui Pengxiang , Tian Ping , Wang Zhengyu , Lian Hongli , Yang Yadong , Ma Ziqi , Jiang Ying , Zheng Jinyu , Qi Hua
Published: May 2022

Soil enzymes and microorganisms are both important to maintaining good soil quality and are also sensitive to changes in agricultural management. The individual effects of tillage, straw incorporation and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil enzymes and microflora have been widely acknowledged, but their interactive effect remains largely unknown. In a 5–year in–situ field study, effects of rotary (RTS) and plow tillage (PTS) practices with straw incorporation combined with three N fertilization levels (0 kg N ha–1, CK; 187 kg N ha–1, MN; 337 kg N ha–1, HN) on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities were assessed. Our results showed that the activities of β–glucosidase (βG), N–acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphatase (APH) were improved in RTS+MN. The bacterial and fungal abundances in RTS+MN and RTS+HN were 1.27–27.51 times higher than those in other treatment groups. However, the bacterial and fungal alpha diversities were enhanced in PTS+MN and PTS+CK compared with other treatments, respectively. Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota were the predominant phylum for the respective bacterial and fungal communities. Moreover, significant interactive effects were found in the fungal community composition, but only minor impacts were observed on the bacterial community composition. Soil water content and penetration resistance contributed more to the soil enzyme activity and microbial community than other soil properties investigated, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between βG and APH activities and microbial abundance. These findings can provide new insights into tillage with straw incorporation and N fertilization on maize cultivation in northeast China.
A Security Framework for In-Vehicle FlexRay Bus Network
Authors: Piao Jin-Hui , Wu Yu-Jing , Xu Yi-Nan
Published: May 2022

With the continuous development of automotive electronic technology and the maturity of system integration technology, the real-time performance and security have attracted more and more attention in automotive industries. However, identically with other in-vehicle bus protocol (e.g. CAN, LIN and MOST), their security are not considered in the origin of design. Therefore, security of FlexRay bus is directly related to human's privacy and life. In this paper, we proposed a security framework for FlexRay network. Considering the limitation of computing resources and the real-time performance of in-vehicle ECUs, we optimize the original MAC(Message Authentication) algorithm. To strength the security level and robutness of the system, we recommend to use ECC (Elliptic Curves Cryptography) encryption algorithm and dual channel model for our security framework. By using our proposed model, the bandwidth can be reduced 25% and the computational time can decrease evidently.
Investigation of the Effect of Visual in the Generalization Process: A Single Case Study
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Handan , PEKER Seda
Published: May 2022

Genelleme matematik öğretiminin her düzeydeki öğrenciye kazandırmayı amaçladığı temel becerilerden birisidir. Örüntüleri genelleme her kademedeki öğrencilere kazandırmayı hedeflenen temel becerilerden birisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
9. sınıftaki bir öğrencinin aynı fakat farklı görsellere sahip sorulardaki genelleme becerisini incelemektir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tekli durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Veriler iki aşamada toplanmıştır. Çalışma
grubunun belirlenmesinde birinci aşamada öğretmen olan araştırmacılardan birisinin görev yaptığı okul olması nedeni ile kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi ikinci aşamada ise ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Birinci aşamaya
2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında özel bir Fen lisesinde 9. Sınıfta öğrenimlerine devam eden 63 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu aşamada veriler yazılı olarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler doğru cevap sayısına göre gruplandırılmıştır. İkinci
aşamada ise birinci aşamada doğru sayısı fazla ve gönüllü olan bir öğrenci ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada her iki aşamaya da katılan bir öğrenciden elde edilen bulgular sunulmuştur. Veriler benzer problemlerin
yer aldığı beş sorudan oluşan iki veri toplama aracı ile toplanmıştır. Bu veri toplama araçlarının ilk sorusu aynı görselleri farklıdır. Diğer dört soru ise paralel formda hazırlanmıştır. Bulgular katılımcının her iki aşamada da
önce görselleri inceleyerek yakın durumlar arasındaki ilişkiyi fark ettiğini ve bir kural geliştirdiğini daha sonra da geliştirdiği kuralı uzak durumlara genişleterek doğru cevaba ulaştığını göstermiştir. Görsellerin her iki oturumunda
da süreci etkilemediği gözlenmiştir.
Investıgation Of Music Teachers 'Music Performance Anxiety and Job Satisfactıon in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: ATAYETER Fatih , CAN A.Aylin
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, müzik öğretmenlerinin müzik performans kaygıları ile iş doyumlarını incelemek ve varsa çeşitli değişkenlere göre aralarında bir ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmaya, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında
Ağrı İlinde görev yapan ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı devlet okullarında çalışan 101 müzik öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan müzik öğretmenlerinin, müzik performans kaygılarının ölçülmesi amacıyla, Tokinan (2013) tarafından
Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan “Müzik Performans Kaygı Ölçeği” ve iş doyumu düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ise Baycan (1985) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin, demografik
verilerinin toplanması amacıyla ise araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”ndan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin çözümlenmesi SPSS 23.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulguların elde
edilmesinde bağımsız/ilişkisiz gruplar t-testi, Kruskal-Wallis H testi, post-hoc Mann-Whitney U testi ve Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyonu katsayıları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, araştırmaya katılan müzik öğretmenlerinin,
müzik performans kaygılarının düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre, kadın müzik öğretmenlerinin kaygı puanlarının, erkek müzik öğretmenlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan müzik
öğretmenlerinin iş doyumu düzeylerinin orta seviyede olduğu, mezun olunan lise değişkenine göre elde edilen bulgularda ise düz liselerden mezun olan müzik öğretmenlerinin iş doyumu düzeylerinin, güzel sanatlar ve spor liselerinden
mezun olanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan müzik öğretmenlerinin müzik performans kaygı düzeyleri (puanlarıyla), iş doyum düzeyleri (puanları) arasında ise negatif yönde zayıf ile orta güçlük
seviyesinde değişen anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0,05).
The Influence of Information and Communication Technology on the Business Performance of the Incubated Small Business Enterprises in Tanzania
Authors: Pasape Liliane
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on the business performance of incubated small business enterprises (SBEs) in Tanzania. Purposive sampling and structured questionnaires were used on fifty SBEs incubated at the Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Development Organization (TEMDO) incubation center from a population of incubated SBEs in various government institutions, including the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) Centre of Agricultural Mechanization and Rural Technologies (CARMMATEC), the Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), and the Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Development Organization (TEMDO). Statistical Package for Social Science and R Programming Language were used for data analysis The study established that ICT increases SBE’s market access through information accessibility (70%), market share (80%), promotion strategies (88%) and financial conveniences (74%). Furthermore, SBEs can boost their operational outputs by creating a favorable business environment (64%), lowering business barriers (78%), increasing speed to market (72%), and improving business efficiency (50%). Moreover, SBEs with the aid of ICT have a high chance of increasing business profit through increased sales volume (76%), income level (82%), profit margin (60%) and liquidity level (52%). However, the observed low rating on business efficiency and liquidity due to factors related to the availability and affordability of ICT infrastructure must be addressed to the substantial influence of ICT on SBEs’ business performance.
The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL–CIPK calcium signalling complexes and facilitates K+ allocation in cotton
Authors: Zhang Rui , Dong Qiuyan , Zhao Panpan , Eickelkamp Anna , Ma Chunmin , He Gefeng , Li Fangjun , Wallrad Lukas , Becker Tobias , Li Zhaohu , Kudla Jörg , Tian Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2‐silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity‐dependent activation of GhAKT2bD‐mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4–GhCIPK1 calcium signalling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4–AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source‐sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL–CIPK Ca2+ sensor–kinase complexes.
Anxiety and the coaching relationship: How to recognise the signs and what to do next (Part 2)
Authors: Szymanska Kasia
Published: May 2022

Following on from the second paper published on coaching psychology and clinical disorders in the August 2007 issue ofThe Coaching Psychologist, this article addresses the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (AST) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and health anxiety, with the aim of familiarising coaching psychologists with the symptoms of the above disorders and the strategies which can be implemented within the coaching arena to provide coachee support.
Deserted Island technique: Demonstrating the difference between musturbatory and preferential beliefs in cognitive behavioural and rational coaching
Authors: Palmer Stephen
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the Deserted Island technique which can be used in cognitive behavioural and rational coaching to teach the B-C connection and demonstrate the advantages of challenging and modifying musturbatory beliefs and subsequently how to develop preferential beliefs.
Motivational Interviewing techniques reflective listening
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This short article focuses on the skill of reflection within Motivational Interviewing (MI). It identifies three different types of reflection – ‘simple reflection’, ‘over-stated reflection’ and ‘under-stated reflection’ and identifies when each has a role in an MI coaching conversation.
MI – Balance sheet techniques
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This article is the second paper for the Coaching Psychology Techniques section drawing on the application of motivational interviewing within coaching. In the last issue of The Coaching Psychologist, I summarised briefly the principles of Motivational Interviewing (Passmore, 2011a) and offered one technique – reflective listening (Passmore, 2011b). In this paper I will briefly review a technique called decisional balance or ‘the balance sheet’.
MI techniques: Recognising change talk
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This article is the fourth in a series for The Coaching Psychologist which is drawn from the motivational interviewing approach. In the previous papers in the publication I have summarised briefly the principles of Motivational Interviewing (Passmore, 2011a) and offered a perspective on the application of ‘Reflective listening’ (Passmore, 2011b), ‘The balance sheet technique’ (Passmore, 2011c) and a ‘Typical day’ (Passmore, 2012). In this paper I will briefly review a ‘technique’ which is at the centre of effective use of MI, ‘Recognising change talk’ (previously known as ‘self-motivating statements’). The ability to recognise the type of change talk used by clients is a key skill of the MI practitioner and its content can usefully inform the practice of coaching psychologists.
Motivational Interviewing: Reflecting on ethical decisions in MI
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This article is the seventh and final one in this series forThe Coaching Psychologist, which is drawn from the Motivational Interviewing (MI) approach. In the previous papers I have summarised briefly the principles of Motivational Interviewing (Passmore, 2011a). In five further papers for the Coaching Psychology Techniques section I have offered a perspective on the application of ‘Reflective listening’ (Passmore 2011b), the ‘Balance Sheet’ technique (Passmore, 2011c), a ‘Typical day’ (Passmore, 2012a), ‘Recognising change talk’ (Passmore 2012b) and ‘Agenda Mapping’ (Passmore, 2013). In this paper I will briefly return to reflecting on the MI process and specifically the question of ethics within the approach as we draw this series to a close.
Mindfulness in applied psychology: Building resilience in coaching
Authors: Schwartz Anthony
Published: May 2022

The recent proliferation of applications of mindfulness in different fields of psychology, including its use in coaching psychology, has been noted and questions have been raised regarding transfer of concepts and issues of competence. As a psychologist who has been using mindfulness-based input over the past two decades, it seems an opportune time to continue a practice-based discussion on the use of mindfulness in the area of coaching psychology. In particular, to consider ways in which mindfulness inputs facilitate the development of resilience in managing issues arising in working life. This has wide relevance for applied psychologists in the area of executive coaching.
Narrative coaching – Part 1: An introduction and the first step
Authors: Law Ho
Published: May 2022

This paper advocates narrative coaching as the most appropriate approach for the discipline of coaching psychology. It provides discussions on the epistemological lineage and theoretical foundations of the approach and describes a definition of narrative coaching followed by a step-by-step procedure of a narrative technique known as externalising conversation which is regarded as fundamental for all coaching conversation.
Narrative coaching – Part 2: Two forms of change structures: re-authoring and remembering
Authors: Law Ho
Published: May 2022

This paper follows the introductory article in The Coaching Psychologist 15(2) by discussing the transformation function and forms of narrative coaching in comparison with other forms and types of coaching approaches in psychological interventions. It describes two forms of narrative techniques known as ‘re-authoring’ and ‘remembering’. The procedures show that the two techniques take different shapes or forms and are used in different contexts during a coaching conversation. Nevertheless, both techniques provide rites de passage for the coachee to achieve positive change and thus the same function of transformation. The narrative analysis and its implications are further discussed with a recommendation for further research.
Positive psychology techniques – Random Acts of Kindness and Consistent Acts of Kindness and Empathy
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: May 2022

In this techniques paper we explain how using random acts of kindness can be built into consistent acts of kindness and empathy, helping clients build, hope, self-regard as well as long-term physical health.
Positive psychology techniques – gratitude
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: May 2022

This article builds on a descriptive paper on positive psychology coaching and several previous techniques papers. This paper explores the application of gratitude, with its associated benefits, as a part of positive psychology coaching practice.
Copy number variations across the blood–brain barrier in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bedri Sahl Khalid , Evertsson Björn , Khademi Mohsen , Al Nimer Faiez , Olsson Tomas , Hillert Jan , Glaser Anna
Published: May 2022

Objective

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease where immune cells cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the central nervous system (CNS). What predisposes these immune cells to cross the BBB is still unknown. Here, we examine the possibility that genomic rearrangements could predisposespecific immune cells in the peripheral blood to cross the BBB and form sub‐populations of cells involved in the inflammatory process in the CNS.

Methods

We compared copy number variations in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells from MS patients. Thereafter, using next generation sequencing, we studied the T‐cell receptor beta (TRB) locus rearrangements and profiled the αβ T cell repertoire in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and in the CSF.

Results

We identified deletions in the T‐cell receptor alpha/delta (TRA/D), gamma (TRG), and TRB loci in CSF cells compared to PBMCs. Further characterization revealed diversity of the TRB locus which was used to describe the character and clonal expansion of T cells in the CNS. T‐cell repertoire profiling from either side of the BBB concluded that the most frequent clones in the CSF samples are unique to an individual. Furthermore, we observed a difference in the proportion of expanded T‐cell clones when comparing samples from MS patients in relapse and remission with opposite trends in CSF and peripheral blood.

Interpretation

This study provides a characterization of the T cells in the CSF and might indicate a role of expanded clones in MS pathogenicity.
NAATP leaders see shared hardship building stronger collaboration
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2022

Manifestations of the classic Nietzsche quote, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger,” were on full display last week at the National Addiction Leadership Conference of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP). Having endured a two‐year period marked by a pandemic and severe workforce shortages at a time of soaring treatment needs, NAATP member executives who gathered in San Diego appeared more ready than ever to tackle challenges such as value‐based payment and expanded access cooperatively.
The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Zhou Xu , Deng Qingyan , Yu Wentao , Liu Kaihui , Liu Zhongfan
Published: May 2022

2D graphene with tremendous novel properties is an ideal material for optical and optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been recognized as next‐generation optical fibers that possess a designable porous structure, rich functions, and different working mechanisms. Recently, the integration of graphene with a PCF has formed a new hybrid fiber, a graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr‐PCF), which exhibits an extremely strong and tunable light–matter interaction across a broadband spectrum range and opens up a new interdisciplinary research direction. In this review, recent studies on, and achievements in graphene‐traditional fibers and Gr‐PCFs have been summarized from the aspects of the development process, preparation method, and device application. First, the graphene properties and the development and characteristics of PCFs are introduced. The discussion is continued with the existing fabrication technologies for hybrid graphene‐traditional fibers. Next, the chemical vapor deposition method for Gr‐PCFs is elaborated. Then, fiber devices based on graphene‐traditional fibers, Gr‐PCFs, and other 2D material fibers are presented. To conclude, challenges and perspectives are presented to encourage advanced Gr‐PCF study.
Stabilizing the Anionic Redox in 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathode through Adjusting Oxygen Magnetic Moment
Authors: Kong Weijin , Wong Deniz , An Ke , Zhang Jicheng , Chen Zhenhua , Schulz Christian , Xu Zijian , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: May 2022

The irreversible oxygen redox and the resulting structure degradation of LiCoO2 at a high voltage cause very poor cycling performance. Herein, the anionic redox chemistry in 4.6 V LiCoO2 cathode material through manipulating the oxygen magnetic moment (OMM) with oxygen vacancy and V doping is proposed to stabilize, and the relationship between OMM and the oxidation degree of oxygen is revealed. Oxygen vacancy induces the generation of OMM, and the synergy of oxygen vacancy and V doping reduces the change of OMM during charge/discharge processes. This mitigates the oxidation degree of oxygen and improves the reversibility of oxygen redox, which greatly inhibits the irreversible oxygen escape. The oxygen vacancies can further reduce the overlap of the electron clouds and lower the O 2p band center thus decreasing the oxygen redox activity. Moreover, the introduced V also increases the energy barrier of the phase transition and suppresses the irreversible phase transition and Co migration. The irreversible O2 release is significantly inhibited and the cycling stability at 4.6 V is largely enhanced. This study presents the relationship between OMM and the oxidation degree of oxygen and provides some insights into improving the anion redox reversibility through adjusting the oxygen magnetic moment.
Fragile‐to‐Strong Transition in Phase‐Change Material Ge3Sb6Te5
Authors: Pries Julian , Weber Hans , Benke‐Jacob Julia , Kaban Ivan , Wei Shuai , Wuttig Matthias , Lucas Pierre
Published: May 2022

Chalcogenide phase‐change materials combine a remarkable set of properties that makes them promising candidates for future non‐volatile memory applications. Binary data storage exploits the high contrast in electrical and optical properties between the covalent amorphous and metavalent crystalline phase. Here the authors perform an analysis of the liquid phase kinetics of the phase‐change material Ge3Sb6Te5, which is the key to ultrafast switching speeds. By employing four experimental techniques, the viscosity is measured over sixteen orders of magnitude despite its propensity for fast crystallization. These measurements reveal that the liquid undergoes a transition in viscosity–temperature dependence associated with a liquid–liquid phase transition. The system exhibits a shallow viscosity change with temperature near the glass transition which stabilizes the memory cells in the amorphous state and which limits the severity of relaxation processes. Meanwhile, when heated during the writing process, the fragility increases to more than double, causing the viscosity to drop rapidly enabling a nanosecond crystallization speed. This change in viscosity–temperature dependence is highly unusual among glass forming liquids and is reminiscent of the behavior of water. This viscosity transition is also key to the technological success of phase‐change materials for computer memory applications.
Structurally Resemblant Dopants Enhance Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Chong Kok Chan , Chen Chengjian , Zhou Cheng , Chen Xiaojie , Ma Dongyu , Bazan Guillermo C. , Chi Zhenguo , Liu Bin
Published: May 2022

Doping has shown very promising potential in endowing room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties of organic phosphors with minimal effort. Here, a new isomer design and doping strategy is reported that is applicable to dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives. Three isomers are synthesized to study the dopant effect on enhancing RTP of DBT derivatives. It is found that isomer dopants bearing close resemblance to the host with matched highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and small energy difference between singlet‐ and triplet‐excited states can yield efficient RTP for the doped system. Meanwhile, phosphorescence color from yellow to red is achieved by varying isomer dopants used for doping the DBT derivatives. This work represents an RTP enhancement strategy based on isomer design and doping to construct luminescent organic phosphors.
Nanowires in Flexible Sensors: Structure is Becoming a Key in Controlling the Sensing Performance
Authors: Zhang Junqiu , Sun Tao , Chen Yu , Liu Linpeng , Zhao Houqi , Zhang Changchao , Meng Xiancun , Wang Dakai , Hu Zhenyu , Zhang Hua , Li Bo , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan , Lin Qiao
Published: May 2022

Flexible sensors, as a kind of indispensable branch of flexible electronics, are garnering substantial in medical and industrial applications. Ever‐evolving advances in nanowires in their myriad forms have fueled many of the developments in this field. However, recent researches have extensively focused on the intrinsic properties of these nanomaterials, rationally designed structures, which are pivotal in sensing performance, to a large extent, are undervalued. Hereon, the latest advances in the structure design, together with controlled fabrication of nanowires for better sensing performance are highlighted. In specific, nanowires are classified according to morphologies and hybrid forms and their corresponding fabrication methodologies and influence on sensing properties are briefly discussed. Then, construction strategies for nanowire‐based sensors, including materials assembly and macroscopical design are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the characteristics and advantages of flexible sensors induced by various nanowires, including physical/physiological/multifunctional parameters sensing are reflected in the application examples. Finally, conclusions and challenges are presented for the development of nanowire‐based flexible sensors, as well as frontier strategies especially bionic design. This review is aimed at providing a valuable and systematic understanding of nanowires in sensing system and then serves as inspiration for intelligent designs in flexible future electronics.
Phosphorylation‐assisted synthesis and characterization of poly(3,4'‐oxydiphenylene furanamide) as a wholly aromatic polyamide using biomass‐derived 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Lee So‐Jeong , Choi Eun‐Ji , Jeong Young Gyu
Published: May 2022

We report the phosphorylation‐assisted polymerization and characterization of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)‐based wholly aromatic polyamide. For this purpose, poly(3,4′‐oxydiphenylene furanamide) (PODFA) was synthesized via solution polymerization of FDCA with 3,4′‐oxydiphenylamine (ODPA) in the presence of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. The spectroscopic analyses and solution viscosity measurement revealed the successful synthesis of a relatively high molecular weight PODFA with good solubility in a variety of polar aprotic solvents without inorganic salts. PODFA could be thus processed into purely amorphous films with high flexibility in bending and folding deformation. The 39 μm thick PODFA film exhibited optical transparency, and the 65–100 μm thick films showed a transparent yellow or light brown color. The amorphous PODFA films were characterized to have excellent thermal and static mechanical properties in terms of a glass transition temperature of ~260°C, a thermal decomposition peak temperature of ~450°C, a residue of ~50% at 800°C under nitrogen gas condition, an initial modulus of 12.98 ± 1.84 GPa, a tensile strength of 84.6 ± 17.3 MPa, and a strain at break of 2.3 ± 1.5% at room temperature.
Evaluation of p21 expression and related autism‐like behavior in Bisphenol‐A exposed offspring of Wistar albino rats
Authors: Singha Syna Pervaiz , Memon Samreen , Bano Umbreen , Isaac Amir Derick , Shahani Muhammad Yaqoob
Published: May 2022

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, may be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, the mechanism of neuronal and astrocytic damage remains ambiguous. A possible role of altered expression of p21 in autistic‐like behavior in rat offspring was examined with prenatal and postnatal BPA exposure.

Methods

Wistar albino dams were exposed to BPA (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally throughout pregnancy and until the third postnatal day (PND). Pups were examined on 21st PND for behavioral test. Blood samples were collected for serum lactate levels and pups were sacrificed. Right frontal cortices were dissected out and processed for H&E, immunohistochemical analysis, and gene expression.

Results

Anxiety like behavior and thigmotaxis along with reduction in serum lactate concentrations were observed in pups exposed to BPA. Decline in neuronal number and decreased astrocytic population with reduced dendritic spines were revealed by H&E and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively, in right frontal cortices. Over expression of p21 was also detected in BPA‐exposed offspring.

Conclusions

Over expression of p21 may be associated with autistic behavior. Further studies are recommended to explore the structural alterations in other white matter pathways in frontal cortices.
Planungsprozesse für erfolgreiche WU‐Betonkonstruktionen – Empfehlungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Krause Hans‐Jürgen , Horstmann Michael , Hohmann Rainer , Zitzelsberger Thomas , Freimann Thomas , Heinlein Ulli , Frisch Jan
Published: May 2022

Bei wasserundurchlässigen Betonbauwerken (Weiße Wannen) übernimmt die erdberührte Stahlbetonkonstruktion in Verbindung mit planmäßigen Fugenabdichtungen und ggf. nachträglichen Rissabdichtungen die Abdichtungsfunktion. Dabei unterscheiden sich die Nutzungsanforderungen der Konstruktionen heute oft kaum noch von denen oberirdischer Geschosse. Um diese hochwertigen Nutzungen sicherzustellen, bieten WU‐Richtlinie und zugehörige Begleitliteratur wesentliche inhaltliche Anforderungen und Vorgaben an Planung und Ausführung. Dennoch sind in der Baupraxis zum Teil mangelhafte und schadensträchtige Konstruktionen anzutreffen, die unter anderem auf unzureichende Fachkenntnisse sowie mangelnde Prozesssicherheit bei WU‐Planungen zurückzuführen sind. Insbesondere bei zeitlichen Abläufen, technischen Abhängigkeiten, Schnittstellenkoordination und Verantwortlichkeiten herrschen oft Unsicherheiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt zunächst häufige Probleme in der Praxis und diskutiert begriffliche Festlegungen beginnend mit WU‐Planung, WU‐Fachplanung, WU‐Koordination und WU‐Konzept bis hin zur WU‐Objektüberwachung. In Prozessdiagrammen werden erforderliche Schritte und Schnittstellen für eine erfolgreiche WU‐Planung in chronologischer Reihenfolge mit ihren technischen Abhängigkeiten dargestellt und den Leistungsphasen zugeordnet. Hierbei werden Planungskonstellationen mit internen und externen WU‐Fachplanern unterschieden. Ziel ist es, sowohl für einfache als auch komplexe WU‐Bauwerke eine eindeutige Beschreibung der Verantwortlichkeiten, Leistungsumfänge sowie praxistaugliche Abläufe und Abhängigkeiten aller erforderlichen technischen Planungsschritte aufzuzeigen. Planern werden damit weiterführende Arbeitshilfen für eine alltägliche Problemstellung bereitgestellt.
Multispectroscopic studies on the molecular interactions between bovine γ‐globulin and borohydride‐capped silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Sarmah Sharat , Roy Atanu Singha , Ghosh Kalyan Sundar
Published: May 2022

Interactions between bovine γ‐globulin (BGG) and borohydride‐capped silver nanoparticles (BAgNPs) were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, and circular dichroism. The results were compared with earlier reported interactions between γ‐globulin and citrate‐coated AgNPs (CAgNPs). BAgNPs were synthesized and characterized. Irrespective of the coating on AgNPs, nanoparticles had formed ground‐state complexes with the protein. CAgNPs, as well as BAgNPs had caused static quenching of tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence of the protein. The change in the capping agent from citrate to borohydride weakened the binding of nanoparticles with the protein. But the same change in capping agent had increased the fluorescence quenching efficiency of AgNPs. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions were involved in BGG–BAgNPs complex similar to the CAgNPs complex with γ‐globulin. Polarity of the Trp microenvironment in BGG was not altered using BAgNPs as opposed to CAgNPs, as supported using synchronous and three‐dimensional fluorescence. Resonance light scattering experiments also suggested nano‐bio conjugation. Far‐UV and near‐UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra respectively pointed towards changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of BGG by BAgNPs, which was not observed for CAgNPs.
Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D increases tau phosphorylation at Ser214 residue
Authors: Villa Viviana , Montalto Giulia , Caudano Francesca , Fedele Ernesto , Ricciarelli Roberta
Published: May 2022

Tau is a protein that normally participates in the assembly and stability of microtubules. However, it can form intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated aggregates that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Tau can be phosphorylated by multiple kinases at several sites. Among such kinases, the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates tau at Ser214 (pTAU‐S214), an event that was shown to reduce the pathological assembly of the protein. Given that the neuronal cAMP/PKA‐activated cascade is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory, and that cAMP‐enhancing strategies demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of cognitive deficits, we investigated the impact of cAMP on pTAU‐S214 in N2a cells and rat hippocampal slices. Our results confirm that the activation of adenylyl cyclase increases pTAU‐S214 in both model systems and, more interestingly, this effect is mimicked by GEBR‐7b, a phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor with proven pro‐cognitive efficacy in rodents.
Making sense of circular economy: Understanding the progression from idea to action
Authors: Blomsma Fenna , Tennant Mike , Ozaki Ritsuko
Published: May 2022

This study examines how management and organisation sciences can contribute to and accelerate circular economy (CE) practices by providing insight into how circular oriented innovation (COI) processes unfold. Emergent theory and recent empirical evidence shows that research into CE needs to acknowledge both salientcommonalitiesbetween circular solutions, but—crucially—also theirdifferences. A range of well‐known circular strategy frameworks exist that offer suggestions for understanding circular strategies in relation to each other. However, at present such frameworks tend to be normative and conceptual. Our objective is therefore twofold: (1) to develop an analytical framework for CE that is grounded in both theory and practice, as well as (2) to demonstrate the application of such a framework to a wide range of different circular solutions and how this can lead to new insights and new directions for research. We deploy a longitudinal qualitative multi‐case case study design, where we focus on business‐led COI projects, covering innovation projects of 23 product(s) (groups) for 19 focal companies. We identify circular pivots, minimal viable circular configuration, continuous improvement of circular configurations and interactions between circular strategies as particularly important phenomena and the importance of taking a longer time horizon to understand circular phenomena in business. Moreover, we identify a lack of application of structured approaches in practice—to complexity, to circular strategies and to value network development—which, if left unaddressed, pose a risk that CE will not achieve a positive systemic impact.
Light‐controlled scaffold‐ and serum‐free hard palatal‐derived mesenchymal stem cell aggregates for bone regeneration
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Li Na , Shao Qin , Zhu Danji , Feng Yuting , Wang Yang , Yu Mengjia , Ren Lingfei , Chen Qianming , Yang Guoli
Published: May 2022

Cell aggregates that mimic in vivo cell–cell interactions are promising and powerful tools for tissue engineering. This study isolated a new, easily obtained, population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from rat hard palates named hard palatal‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). The PMSCs were positive for CD90, CD44, and CD29 and negative for CD34, CD45, and CD146. They exhibited clonogenicity, self‐renewal, migration, and multipotent differentiation capacities. Furthermore, this study fabricated scaffold‐free 3D aggregates using light‐controlled cell sheet technology and a serum‐free method. PMSC aggregates were successfully constructed with good viability. Transplantation of the PMSC aggregates and the PMSC aggregate‐implant complexes significantly enhanced bone formation and implant osseointegration in vivo, respectively. This new cell resource is easy to obtain and provides an alternative strategy for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Succeed in male‐dominated campus safety with grit, realistic expectations
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2022

Major Dorothy Simmons will retire from the Medical University of South Carolina after 33 years of service in June 2022. “I started as a state security officer [then the lowest rank at MUSC's campus safety program] on December 5th, 1988,” Simmons said. She will retire from MUSC as the second highest‐ranked officer in the department, as the patrol commander, and the first woman in the department's history to attain a major rank.
Butterflies teach beautiful lessons about leadership
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: May 2022

I have lived an hour away from Callaway Gardens in Georgia for over 20 years now. I've driven past the gates numerous times but never stopped. Recently I coaxed my husband into taking me to the Cecil B. Day Butterfly Center in the Gardens.