bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist-Managed Helicobacter pylori Treatment Service Within a Gastroenterology Clinic: Workflow and Real-World Experiences
Authors: Bhat Shubha , Nunes David
Published: May 2021

Background

Treatment eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori, a gastrointestinal infection, are 70% to 90% in clinical studies but lower in real-world settings. Potential barriers include multidrug regimen complexity or prescribing/administration errors. A pharmacist-managed H pylori treatment service was implemented to address these barriers and optimize treatment outcomes. The clinical pharmacist provided 2 services: (1) treatment education and monitoring for treatment-naïve patients and (2) treatment initiation, education, and monitoring for treatment-experienced patients.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-managed H pylori treatment service within a gastroenterology clinic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of all patients referred to and seen in the pharmacist-managed H pylori treatment service from July 10, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Patient demographics, prior treatment history, course(s) of treatment prescribed, frequency of follow-ups, and outcomes posttreatment were collected.

Results

The clinical pharmacist managed 60 referrals for 55 unique patients over a mean of 5 ± 2 visits. Five patients failed H pylori treatment and were re-referred. Identified barriers included prescribing/dispensing and administration errors. Posttreatment, 38 referrals tested for H pylori eradication, of which 100% of treatment-naïve patients and 69% of treatment-experienced patients were cured, and 13 (22%) referrals were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion and Relevance

This study described and assessed the impact of a pharmacist-managed H pylori treatment service in a gastroenterology clinic, in which various barriers were effectively addressed to optimize treatment outcomes. Future studies should focus on long-term outcome, impact on health care costs, and patient satisfaction with this service.
CRTC1–SS18 Fusion Sarcoma With Aberrant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Expression
Authors: Pan Rui , Wang Ziyu , Wang Xiaotong , Fang Ru , Xia Qiuyuan , Rao Qiu
Published: May 2021

Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma (USRCS) represents a highly heterogeneous group of tumors. A variety of specific gene fusions of USRCS have been reported, including CIC–FOXO4, CIC–NUTM1, BCOR–MAML3, and ZC3H7B–BCOR. Here we report a case of sarcoma harboring a rare recurrent CRTC1–SS18 gene fusion, which was considered as USRCS previously. This sarcoma was composed of nests of small round cells encapsulated in a fibrous stroma. Foci of necrosis and hemorrhage were observed in the tumor. Immunohistochemistry for anaplastic lymphoma kinase showed diffuse positivity. RNA-seq results revealed a chromosomal translocation of CRTC1 gene exon 1 on chromosome 19 with SS18 gene exon 2 on chromosome 18. Thereafter, fluorescence in-situ hybridization confirmed the presence of SS18 gene and CRTC1 gene break-apart, which manifested as the splitting of red and green signals into 2 parts. A previous study showed that CRTC1–SS18 fusion sarcoma and EWSR1–CREB1 fusion angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma were clustered close in the expression profile. However, whether CRTC1–SS18 fusion sarcomas represent a high malignancy has been a matter of debate. Our study is a worthy addition to the series of rare rearrangements associated with sarcomas and may be of therapeutic relevance.
Psychopathy Profiles and Personality Assessment Inventory Scores in a Sex Offender Risk Assessment Field Setting
Authors: McCallum Katherine E. , Boccaccini Marcus T. , Varela Jorge G. , Turner Darrel B.
Published: May 2021

A growing body of research suggests there are identifiable psychopathy subtypes among offenders scored on Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003). We used latent profile analysis to examine the generalizability of these subtype findings to PCL-R scores ( N = 615) assigned in a sex offender risk assessment field setting and to examine how offender subtypes differ on measures of comorbid psychopathology, risk, and treatment amenability from the Personality Assessment Inventory. Consistent with prior research, we identified four subtypes when using PCL-R scores from all offenders: Prototypic psychopathy ( n = 239, 38.9%), callous-conning ( n = 154, 25.0%), sociopathic ( n = 96, 15.6%), and general offenders ( n = 126, 20.5%). Prototypic and sociopathic subtypes exhibited the highest levels of comorbid psychopathology and risk for potential violence. We identified classes consistent with primary ( n = 66, 36.7%) and secondary ( n = 114, 63.3%) psychopathy among offenders with PCL-R total scores ≥ 25, and found higher levels of comorbid psychopathology and potential for violence among those in the secondary psychopathy class. Findings provide support the generalizability of existing PCL-R subtype findings to field scores and show how those with similar PCL-R total scores may differ on scores from commonly used multiscale inventories.
Slounase, a Batroxobin Containing Activated Factor X Effectively Enhances Hemostatic Clot Formation and Reducing Bleeding in Hypocoagulant Conditions in Mice
Authors: Adili Reheman , Jackson Madeline , Stanger Livia , Dai Xiangrong , Li Mandy , Li Benjamin Xiaoyi , Holinstat Michael
Published: May 2021

Uncontrolled bleeding associated with trauma and surgery is the leading cause of preventable death. Batroxobin, a snake venom-derived thrombin-like serine protease, has been shown to clot fibrinogen by cleaving fibrinopeptide A in a manner distinctly different from thrombin, even in the presence of heparin. The biochemical properties of batroxobin and its effect on coagulation have been well characterized in vitro. However, the efficacy of batroxobin on hemostatic clot formation in vivo is not well studied due to the lack of reliable in vivo hemostasis models. Here, we studied the efficacy of batroxobin and slounase, a batroxobin containing activated factor X, on hemostatic clot composition and bleeding using intravital microcopy laser ablation hemostasis models in micro and macro vessels and liver puncture hemostasis models in normal and heparin-induced hypocoagulant mice. We found that prophylactic treatment in wild-type mice with batroxobin, slounase and activated factor X significantly enhanced platelet-rich fibrin clot formation following vascular injury. In heparin-treated mice, batroxobin treatment resulted in detectable fibrin formation and a modest increase in hemostatic clot size, while activated factor X had no effect. In contrast, slounase treatment significantly enhanced both platelet recruitment and fibrin formation, forming a stable clot and shortening bleeding time and blood loss in wild-type and heparin-treated hypocoagulant mice. Our data demonstrate that, while batroxobin enhances fibrin formation, slounase was able to enhance hemostasis in normal mice and restore hemostasis in hypocoagulant conditions via the enhancement of fibrin formation and platelet activation, indicating that slounase is more effective in controlling hemorrhage.
The Utility of GIS for Identifying Areas of Recreation Conflict for Targeted Interpretive Messaging
Authors: Peterson Brian A. , Sharp Ryan L. , Fefer Jessica P. , Brunson Michael A.
Published: May 2021

Past research has extensively studied interpretive messaging and visitor conflict within parks and protected areas. However, comprehensive understanding of how to identify trailside interpretive sign locations is lacking. The purpose of this study was to introduce an approach using geographic information systems (GIS) that supplements decision-making regarding sign placement. The study site was Grand Canyon National Park’s Rim to Rim (R2R) corridor. To identify sign placement locations, two analytical phases were conducted. First, GPS data loggers were distributed to visitors and their travel patterns were analyzed for spatial behaviors and spatial interactions that are known to influence the likelihood of recreation conflict. Specifically, locations with a high variance of visitor travel speeds and locations with concentrated visitor use were identified. Second, geographic data were analyzed to identify locations for a combination of features that together influence the likelihood of recreation conflict. Specifically, popular bidirectional trail segments with significant elevation change were identified. We reported these locations and areas using GPS coordinates for evaluation by future research. This research was a necessary step towards comprehensively understanding how to identify locations for interpretive signs.
The Role of Post-Stay Evaluation on Ewom and Hotel Revisit Intention among Gen Y
Authors: Sharipudin Mohamad-Noor Salehhuddin , Cheung Man Lai , De Oliveira Mauro Jose , Solyom Andrea
Published: May 2021

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has become an important source for customers and hoteliers, and likewise, the interactivity of Web 2.0 has allowed customers to write and share online reviews. Our study aims to examine: (1) the influence of post-stay evaluation factors toward eWOM, (2) the relationship between eWOM and hotel revisit intention, and (3) the influence of country differences as a moderating factor. A total of 872 usable responses were collected from three emerging countries. Our results suggest that post-stay evaluation was the key predictor of positive eWOM, and later transferred greater hotel revisit intention among Gen Y. In terms of country level, all countries depicted a positive relationship for all paths, and the influence of the respondents’ country moderated for some relationship in this study. Our findings also shed further light on the understanding of the generational cohort theory across emerging countries, especially in the hospitality context.
Patients’ perceptions of visual impairment associated with smoking: A cross-sectional study of a United Kingdom tertiary eye centre
Authors: Baker Diya , Akpenyi Onyinye , Shahzad Haris , Mellington Faye
Published: May 2021

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for several eye disorders including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. While many individuals are informed of the various adverse health effects, there is limited research into patients’ awareness of the relationship between smoking and eye disease and the potential impact this might have on reducing smoking behaviour. Our findings document the low level of awareness of the risk of blindness from smoking at a tertiary eye unit in the United Kingdom and highlight the need for increased involvement from eye care professionals, alongside health campaigns to educate the public of this consequence of smoking.
Associations of social network structure with cognition and amygdala volume in multiple sclerosis: An exploratory investigation
Authors: Kever Anne , Buyukturkoglu Korhan , Levin Seth N , Riley Claire S , De Jager Philip , Leavitt Victoria M
Published: May 2021

Background:

Humans are inherently social, biologically programmed to connect with others. Social connections are known to impact mental and physical health.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to test whether social network structure is linked to cognition, mood, fatigue, and regional brain volumes in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

A questionnaire quantifying individual-level social network structure (size, density, effective size, and constraint), a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was administered to 51 persons with relapsing–remitting MS. Linear regressions assessed associations of network variables to cognition, depression, fatigue, and structural brain volumes.

Results:

Higher network density and constraint, indicating stronger connections among network members, were associated with worse language functions. Conversely, larger network effective size, a measure of non-redundant network members, was associated with better language functions. No relationships of network structure to depression or fatigue were found. Larger network size was related to larger amygdala volume.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that social network structure is linked to language function and amygdala volume in persons with MS. Patients with close-knit networks showed worse language function than those with open networks. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are warranted to evaluate potential causal links between social network structure and MS-related cognitive impairment.
Functional and sociocultural attitudes of code-switching and its relation to the meaning-making process: The case of dubbing Kim Possible into Arabic
Authors: Yahiaoui Rashid , Aldous Marwa J , Fattah Ashraf
Published: May 2021

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

The aim of this study is to investigate the sociolinguistic functions of code-switching and its relation to the meaning-making process by using the animated series Kim Possible as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach:

This study employs Muysken’s taxonomy to draw on code-switching patterns in lexico-grammar in relation to human behavior. The study also uses the functional approaches of Muysken and Appel and Gumperz as binary investigatory frameworks to locate interlingual and intralingual code-switching particularities and to elaborate on code-switching functions.

Data and analysis:

The analysis encompasses 48 episodes. Firstly, we extracted and transcribed code-switching occurrences in light of Muysken’s typology episode-by-episode and categorized them according to their code-switching type (interlingual or intralingual). Secondly, we quantified the occurrences according to their syntactic form to make more systematic claims about code-switching patterns. Next, we triangulated the patterns by examining the context of utterances and extralinguistic factors in the original series vis-à-vis the dubbed version to draw upon information beyond the structure or grammar.

Findings/conclusions:

The Arabic dubbed version was able to communicate the characters’ cosmopolitan diversity, which correlates with the series’ sense of linguistic modernity and humor. At the same time, the Arabic version was able to portray the extralinguistic reality of Lebanon and its multi-linguistic tapestry.

Originality:

This research is original because it focuses on Lebanese-Arabic, a dialect seldom discussed in the context of translation. The research also examines language variations in the context of dubbed discourse, where code-switching is integrally pertinent to visual-signs and the cultural background of characters.

Significance/implications:

The study recognizes the intricacy of code-switching as a reflective phenomenon of social reality and power dynamics; therefore, it contributes in the fields of translation and sociolinguistics.
Character deprecation in fake news: Is it in supply or demand?
Authors: McPhetres Jonathon , Rand David G. , Pennycook Gordon
Published: May 2021

A major focus of current research is understanding why people fall for and share fake news on social media. While much research focuses on understanding the role of personality-level traits for those who share the news, such as partisanship and analytic thinking, characteristics of the articles themselves have not been studied. Across two pre-registered studies, we examined whether character-deprecation headlines – headlines designed to deprecate someone’s character, but which have no impact on policy or legislation – increased the likelihood of self-reported sharing on social media. In Study 1 we harvested fake news items from online sources and compared sharing intentions between Republicans and Democrats. Results showed that, compared to Democrats, Republicans had greater intention to share character-deprecation headlines compared to news with policy implications. We then applied these findings experimentally. In Study 2 we developed a set of fake news items that was matched for content across pro-Democratic and pro-Republican headlines and across news focusing on a specific person (e.g., Trump) versus a generic person (e.g., a Republican). We found that, contrary to Study 1, Republicans were no more inclined toward character deprecation than Democrats. However, these findings suggest that while character assassination may be a feature of pro-Republican news, it is not more attractive to Republicans versus Democrats. News with policy implications, whether fake or real, seems consistently more attractive to members of both parties regardless of whether it attempts to deprecate an opponent’s character. Thus, character deprecation in fake news may in be in supply, but not in demand.
The language of conspiracy: A psychological analysis of speech used by conspiracy theorists and their followers on Twitter
Authors: Fong Amos , Roozenbeek Jon , Goldwert Danielle , Rathje Steven , van der Linden Sander
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzes key psychological themes in language used by prominent conspiracy theorists and science advocates on Twitter, as well as those of a random sample of their follower base. We conducted a variety of psycholinguistic analyses over a corpus of 16,290 influencer tweets and 160,949 follower tweets in order to evaluate stable intergroup differences in language use among those who subscribe or are exposed to conspiratorial content and those who are focused on scientific content. Our results indicate significant differences in the use of negative emotion (e.g., anger) between the two groups, as well as a focus, especially among conspiracy theorists, on topics such as death, religion, and power. Surprisingly, we found less pronounced differences in cognitive processes (e.g., certainty) and outgroup language. Our results add to a growing literature on the psychological characteristics underlying a “conspiracist worldview.”
When seeing stigma creates paternalism: Learning about disadvantage leads to perceptions of incompetence
Authors: Reeves Stephanie L. , Tse Crystal , Logel Christine , Spencer Steven J.
Published: May 2021

The present research examines the conditions under which educating non-stigmatized individuals about the experiences of members of stigmatized groups leads to paternalistic or more respectful views of the target. We propose that when these efforts ask members of non-stigmatized groups to focus only on the difficulties experienced by stigmatized targets, they will lead to more paternalistic views of targets because they portray targets as being in need of help. In contrast, we propose that when these efforts take a broader focus on stigmatized targets and include their resilience in the face of their difficulties, they will lead to more respectful views of targets. Four studies supported these predictions. Across studies, White participants who focused only on a Black target’s difficulties subsequently perceived the target as more helpless and less competent than controls. Participants who focused on the target’s resilience in the face of difficulties perceived him as more competent.
Evaluations of science are robustly biased by identity concerns
Authors: Salvatore Jessica , Morton Thomas A.
Published: May 2021

People are known to evaluate science based on whether it (dis)affirms their collective identities. We examined whether personal identity concerns also bias evaluation processes by manipulating the degree to which summaries of ostensible scientific research about an unfamiliar topic were or inconsistent with how participants thought about themselves. In three preregistered experiments ( N = 644) conducted across two continents, participants were more likely to believe the science when its conclusions aligned with prior understanding of their self, effects that were mediated through positive emotional reactions. Two of the experiments also tested a de-biasing intervention: prior to evaluating science, participants received a brief tutorial on the ecological fallacy (of which, self-related biases represent a special case). The tutorial did not mitigate identity-biased evaluations. This experimental evidence raises questions about whether it is possible to engage global citizens more fully in science consumption while not further triggering identity-based biasing processes.
No such thing as sociological excuses? Performativity, rationality and social scientific expertise in late liberalism
Authors: Bacevic Jana
Published: May 2021

This article examines a frequent assumption of sociological accounts of knowledge: the idea that knowledge acts. The performativity of knowledge claims is here analysed through the prism of ‘sociological excuses’: the idea that sociological explanations can act as ‘excuses’ for otherwise unacceptable behaviour. The article builds on Austin’s distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary effects to discuss the relationship between sociological explanation, sociological justification and sociological critique. It argues that understanding how (and if) sociological explanations can act requires paying attention to social and political conditions of performativity and their transformation in late liberalism.
How the Wakamola chatbot studied a university community’s lifestyle during the COVID-19 confinement
Authors: Asensio-Cuesta Sabina , Blanes-Selva Vicent , Portolés Manuel , Conejero J Alberto , García-Gómez Juan M
Published: May 2021

This work aimed to study the effect of confinement on weight and lifestyle using the Wakamola chatbot to collect data from 739 adults divided into two groups (341 case-control, 398 confinement). Nutrition score (0–100 scale) improved for men (medians 81.77–82.29, p < 0.05), with no difference for women (medians 82.29 in both cases). Both genders reduced the consumption of sweetmeats and sugared drinks ( p < 0.01); men increased their consumption of vegetables, salad, and legumes ( p < 0.01). Both genders reduced their physical activity score (men 100–40.14, p < 0.01, women 80.42–36.12, p < 0.01). Women sat less hours/week, men’s medians 28.81–28.27, women’s medians 35.97–23.33, p = 0.03. Both genders slept longer (hours/day), men 7–7.5, women 7–8 ( p < 0.01) (medians). Their overall health score was significantly reduced (men 85.06–74.05, p < 0.01, women 84.47–72.42, p < 0.01), with no significant weight difference in either gender. Wakamola helped to contact participants and confirm changes in their lifestyle during confinement.
An improved analytical dynamic model for rotating blade crack: With application to crack detection indicator analysis
Authors: Yang Laihao , Ma Meng , Wu Shuming , Chen Xuefeng , Yan Ruqiang , Mao Zhu
Published: May 2021

Rotating blade is one of the most important components for turbomachinery. Blade crack is one of the most common and dangerous failure modes for rotating blade. Therefore, the fault mechanism and feature extraction of blade crack are vital for the safety assurance of turbomachinery. This study is aimed at the nonlinear dynamic model of rotating blade with transverse crack and the prior feature extraction of blade crack faults based on the vibration responses. First and foremost, a high-fidelity breathing crack model (HFBCM) for rotating blade is proposed on the basis of criterion for stress states at crack section. Since HFBCM is physically deduced from the perspective of energy dissipation and the coupling between centrifugal stress and bending stress is considered, the physical interpretability and the accuracy of the crack model are enhanced comparing with conventional models. The validity of the proposed HFBCM is verified through the comparison study among HFBCM, conventional crack models, and finite element-based contact crack model (FECCM). It is suggested that HFBCM behaves best among the analytical models and matches well with FECCM. With the proposed HFBCM, the nonlinear vibration responses are investigated, and four types of blade crack detection indicators for rotating blade and their quantification method are presented. The numerical study manifests that all these indicators can well characterize the occurrence and severity of crack faults for rotating blade. It is indicated that these indicators can serve as the crack-monitoring indexes.
The role of Israeli judges in authorising solitary confinement placements: Balancing human rights and risk, or neutralising responsibility?
Authors: Dagan Netanel , Shalev Sharon
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the role of judges in authorising the extension of placements in solitary confinement in Israeli prisons for lengthy periods of time. It qualitatively examines, through content analysis of 354 Israeli court decisions, how judges negotiate and rationalise the harmful effects of solitary confinement when balanced against the prison authorities’ reasoning for subjecting prisoners to it. Finding an overall tendency to defer to the expertise of prison authorities, we examine what Sykes & Matza termed ‘techniques of neutralisation’ used by judges to distance themselves from the responsibility for solitary confinement placements and the hardship they inflict. The paper further discusses the socio-legal and organisational structures and contexts which incentivise the prioritisation of prison security/discipline over the protection of prisoners from the ‘pains of solitary confinement’.
Applying news values theory to liking, commenting and sharing mainstream news articles on Facebook
Authors: Park Chang Sup , Kaye Barbara K
Published: May 2021

Drawing upon the newsworthiness model that posits that media outlets rely on criteria (news values) to determine which stories are newsworthy and deserve prominence and the media coverage predicts audience attention to the event, this study examines the news values that lead social media users to like, comment on, and share mainstream news stories on Facebook. A content analysis of 2480 articles from three major news newspapers in South Korea ( Chosun, Hankook and Hankyoreh) found that news stories of higher social significance are more common than news stories of higher deviance on the Facebook pages of the three news outlets. Although audiences comment on news stories of higher social significance more frequently than stories of higher deviance, they hit more ‘likes’ on news stories of higher deviance. The results are mixed for sharing – for the conservative Chosun’s Facebook page, stories of higher deviance were more often shared than stories of higher social significance, while the opposite pattern occurred with the moderate Hankook and liberal Hankyoreh.
To cheat or not to cheat? An investigation into the ethical behaviors of generation Z
Authors: Flom Jacalyn , Green Karen , Wallace Steven
Published: May 2021

Cheating in higher education has numerous negative implications, including degrading program reputations, inflating student retention rates, and cultivating poor ethical practices, all of which have implications for what students do in the workplace after graduation. Therefore, by understanding the current student population, Generation Z, it is argued that faculty are better equipped to combat cheating behaviors. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and Deterrence Theory, this study examines factors that faculty can influence, in particular, assignment controls to deter cheating and types of assignments given. Generation Z students indicated that their perceptions of faculty’s use of assignment controls increased their perception of getting caught, which, in turn, decreased cheating intentions. Students were more likely to cheat on coursework over written assignments and examinations. Furthermore, assignment controls create the greatest decrease in coursework cheating. This study has important implications for those involved in minimizing cheating opportunities.
Diminished autonomy and justice in liver transplantation – The price of scarcity?
Authors: Berry Philip , Kotha Sreelakshmi
Published: May 2021

Patient autonomy and distributive justice are fundamental ethical principles that may be at risk in liver transplant units where decisions are dictated by the need to maximise the utility of scarce donor organs. The processes of patient selection, organ allocation and prioritisation on the wait list have evolved in a constrained environment, leading to high levels of complexity and low transparency. Regarding paternalism, opaque listing and allocation criteria, patient factors such as passivity, guilt, chronic illness and sub-clinical encephalopathy are cited as factors that may inhibit patient engagement. Regarding justice, established regional, gender and race based inequities are described. The paradox whereby hepatologists both advocate for individual patients and discharge their duty of stewardship to apportion organs according to larger utilitarian principles is explored. Competing subjective factors such as physicians’ perception of moral responsibility, the qualitative nature of expert medical assessment and institutional or personal loyalty to re-transplantation candidates are described. Realistic limits of self-determination and justice are discussed, and possible future directions in terms of patient involvement proposed.
Melt elasticity and flow properties of polypropylene impact copolymer/polyolefin elastomer blends subjected to varied capillary extrusion conditions
Authors: Das Vishal , Pandey AK , Tripathi DN , Prasad NE
Published: May 2021

In present study, rheological properties of polypropylene impact copolymer (PPcp) and polyolefin elastomer (POE) blend melts were evaluated on a capillary rheometer under shear and elongational flows. The flow and melt elastic properties (die swell and first normal stress difference) studied at varied extrusion conditions were correlated with blend morphology and elastomer content by means of image analysis and theoretical models. Dispersed particle break-up and coalescence were observed to be influenced by POE content and the viscosities of the constituent polymers which were in turn affected by the capillary extrusion conditions (shear rate in particular). The blend melts demonstrated typical pseudoplastic behavior obeying Cross model under shear flow. The elongational flow also corroborated well with the shear flow behavior. All the blends illustrated prominent dependence of melt elastic properties on POE content and the capillary extrusion conditions. The melt elastic properties were also found to critically rely on the inter-particle distance of the POE phase.
Mechanisms for Hopeful Employee Career Development in COVID-19: A Hope-Action Theory Perspective
Authors: Yoon Hyung Joon , Chang Yu-Ling , Sadique Farhan , Al Balushi Issa
Published: May 2021

The Problem

Under the pandemic, employees face unique career challenges depending on their contexts and situations. For example, essential workers need to find ways for themselves and their families to be safe. Remote workers need to learn about new ways of working and communicating. In addition, for displaced or soon-to-be displaced workers, a job search is a primary career concern.

The Solution

All agents—the organization, supervisors, and employees—can take actions to help employees sustain hope in their careers and recover from the pandemic. This study outcome which involves 257 intervention ideas can be utilized to support the career development of four different types of workers by employing the Hope-Action Theory framework.

The Stakeholders

The results of this study can guide Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioners and researchers in assisting employee career development by engaging the entire organization, supervisors, and employees. Organizational leaders and employees can also benefit directly from the study results.
The Public Service Approach to Recommender Systems: Filtering to Cultivate
Authors: Hildén Jockum
Published: May 2021

Online media consumption has been radically transformed by how media companies algorithmically recommend content to their users. Public service media (PSM) have also realized the potential of recommender systems and are increasingly using these technologies to personalize their online offering. PSM are on the other hand required to disseminate diverse content, which can be incompatible with the logics of commercial recommender systems that primarily seek to drive up media consumption. Drawing on previous research on selective exposure and media diversity, this study presents the results from interviews with ten PSM informants across Europe, revealing that data scientists within these organizations are highly aware of the effects recommendations have on media consumption, and design the PSM online services accordingly. This study contributes with in-depth knowledge of how diversity has been interpreted at operational levels in PSM and how recommender systems are being adapted to a non-commercial setting.
Influence of stacking sequence and orientation of the fabric on mechanical properties of twill Kenaf/Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites
Authors: Sreenivas HT , Krishnamurthy N , Murali MS , Arpitha GR
Published: May 2021

The current study investigates on development of hybrid composite with Kenaf/Kevlar as reinforcement and unsaturated Polyester as the matrix considering stacking sequence, the orientation of fabric and twill 2x2 weave of the Kenaf fabric in particular. Five laminates (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were developed by stacking the lamina's one over the other with the matrix and then cured in an autoclave. The laminates were subjected to experimental investigation to evaluate mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact strength. Results indicate that L5 shows good flexural strength and modulus, high hardness, and good impact strength, whereas L4 indicates the best tensile strength and tensile modulus. To summarize, the hybridization resulted in an average of 30% increased mechanical property for Laminate L5. The effect of stacking in L5 has a significant impact on the property of the composite. The results of the study were mainly focused on minimizing the use of synthetic fiber and replacing it with natural fiber. SEM analysis was performed on fractured surfaces of specimens which revealed that the failure of the laminated composite is due to poor interfacial bonding among fiber and matrix. Overall, the composite obtained from the combination of Kenaf and Kevlar fabrics had the best balance of properties finds appropriate application for car bumpers, fenders, boat hull, turbine blade etc.
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for the Treatment of Gambling Disorder among U.S. Military Veterans: Case Series and Feasibility
Authors: Shirk Steven D. , Muquit Lamisha S. , Deckro Joseph , Sweeney Patricia J. , Kraus Shane W.
Published: May 2021

Gambling disorder (GD) occurs at higher rates in U.S. veterans than civilians. The present case series describes the application of a manualized mindfulness treatment used with U.S. veterans seeking outpatient treatment for GD at a Department of Veterans Affairs hospital. Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) was developed to treat substance use disorders, but its core principles can be readily applied to the treatment of behavioral addictions. However, there has been little empirical evidence demonstrating its successful application for GD, and none demonstrating its successful implementation with U.S. veterans. Three veterans receiving treatment for GD participated in a 9-session adapted MBRP protocol. Following completion of treatment, the veterans reported less frequent engagement in their gambling behavior, fewer cravings, and less intense craving. The veterans also experienced increased self-efficacy in managing urges, less impulsivity and emotion dysregulation, and improved functioning. Preliminary results provide support for a larger treatment trial for veterans seeking treatment for GD.
The role of mediator complex subunit 19 in human diseases
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Qin Peifang , Tian Linlin , Yan Jianguo , Zhou Yali
Published: May 2021

Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex that mediates the interaction between different proteins as a basic linker in the transcription mechanism of eukaryotes. It interacts with RNA polymerase II and participates in the process of gene expression. Mediator complex subunit 19 or regulation by oxygen 3, or lung cancer metastasis-related protein 1 is located at the head of the mediator complex; it is a multi-protein co-activator that induces the transcription of RNA polymerase II by DNA transcription factors. It is a tumor-related gene that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis and is closely related to the occurrence and development of the cancers of the lung, bladder, skin, etc. Here, we used the structure of mediator complex subunit 19 to review its role in tumor progression, fat metabolism, drug therapy, as well as the novel coronavirus, which has attracted much attention at present, suggesting that mediator complex subunit 19 has broad application in the occurrence and development of clinical diseases. As a tumor-related gene, the role and mechanism of mediator complex subunit 19 in the regulation of tumor growth could be of great significance for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of mediator complex subunit 19 -related tumors.
Particulate matter exposure predicts residence in high-risk areas for community acquired pneumonia among hospitalized children
Authors: Oyana Tonny J , Minso Jagila , Jones Tamekia L , McCullers Jonathan A , Arnold Sandra R , Cormier Stephania A
Published: May 2021

Particulate matter exposure is a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection in children. Here, we investigated the geospatial patterns of community-acquired pneumonia and the impact of PM2.5(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) on geospatial variability of pneumonia in children. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected population-based surveillance study data of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations among children <18 years residing in the Memphis metropolitan area, who were enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study from January 2010 to June 2012. The outcome measure, residence in high- and low-risk areas for community-acquired pneumonia, was determined by calculating pneumonia incidence rates and performing cluster analysis to identify areas with higher/lower than expected rates of community-acquired pneumonia for the population at risk. High PM2.5was defined as exposure to PM2.5concentrations greater than the mean value (>10.75 μg/m3), and low PM2.5is defined as exposure to PM2.5concentrations less than or equal to the mean value (≤10.75 μg/m3). We also assessed the effects of age, sex, race/ethnicity, history of wheezing, insurance type, tobacco smoke exposure, bacterial etiology, and viral etiology of infection. Of 810 (96.1%) subjects with radiographic community-acquired pneumonia, who resided in the Memphis metropolitan area and had addresses which were successfully geocoded (Supplementary Figure F2), 220 (27.2%) patients were identified to be from high- ( n = 126) or low-risk ( n = 94) community-acquired pneumonia areas. Community-acquired pneumonia in Memphis metropolitan area had a non-homogenous geospatial pattern. PM2.5was associated with residence in high-risk areas for community-acquired pneumonia. In addition, children with private insurance and bacterial, as opposed to viral, etiology of infection had a decreased risk of residence in a high-risk area for community-acquired pneumonia. The results from this paper suggest that environmental exposures as well as social risk factors are associated with childhood pneumonia.
Revisiting the role of lysophosphatidic acid in stem cell biology
Authors: Tigyi Gábor , Lin Kuan-Hung , Jang Il Ho , Lee Sue Chin
Published: May 2021

Stem cells possess unique biological characteristics such as the ability to self-renew and to undergo multilineage differentiation into specialized cells. Whereas embryonic stem cells (ESC) can differentiate into all cell types of the body, somatic stem cells (SSC) are a population of stem cells located in distinct niches throughout the body that differentiate into the specific cell types of the tissue in which they reside in. SSC function mainly to restore cells as part of normal tissue homeostasis or to replenish cells that are damaged due to injury. Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are said to be analogous to SSC in this manner where tumor growth and progression as well as metastasis are fueled by a small population of CSC that reside within the corresponding tumor. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that CSC are inherently resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy that are often the cause of cancer relapse. Hence, major research efforts have been directed at identifying CSC populations in different cancer types and understanding their biology. Many factors are thought to regulate and maintain cell stemness, including bioactive lysophospholipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this review, we discuss some of the newly discovered functions of LPA not only in the regulation of CSC but also normal SSC, the similarities in these regulatory functions, and how these discoveries can pave way to the development of novel therapies in cancer and regenerative medicine.
Poverty Delivered
Authors: Cates Jeff
Published: May 2021

Through stories, interviews, pictures, and financial records, the author narrates the inner workings of a rent-to-own company where he worked. Spending over two years on the job, he developed extensive field notes, performed qualitative interviews with management, analyzed a year’s worth of financial data, shedding new details on the intimate process of “rent-to-own,” which make the poor poorer.
White Working-Class Support for Trump
Authors: Cherlin Andrew J.
Published: May 2021

Why do working-class Whites support Donald Trump? The accepted explanation points to racial and ethnic resentment and anxiety about immigration, with economic factors secondary. Based on a community study, the author argues that feelings of reverse discrimination and anti-immigrant sentiment reflect both racial and economic factors. This article explains why it is difficult to conclude that either factor was more important than the other.
When Ejaculation Becomes the Goal in Itself: A Psychodynamic Approach to Delayed Ejaculation
Authors: Sandström Eddie , Fugl-Meyer Kerstin S.
Published: May 2021

There are a group of men with delayed ejaculation (DE) where the etiology as well as the consequences of the dysfunction are unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore, from a psychodynamic perspective, personality traits among men seeking treatment due to DE. During a 2.5-year period, a consecutive series of 14 men with DE were seeking help at Karolinska University hospital, Sweden. Full medical history and physical examination, sexological case-history and psychological assessments were performed by physicians and a psychotherapist. The results found all patients to be healthy. Mean age was 34 years (range 20–43 years). No other sexual dysfunction occurred. With one exception, they were sexually active. The psychological assessment (The Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile; KAPP) found patients to have difficulties in areas of dependency and separation, control and impulse control, regression in the service of the ego, coping with aggressive affects, alexithymic traits, sexual function, and satisfaction. The results add a deeper understanding of personality traits among healthy patients with DE, which may be a tool for the case history, and offer new treatment strategies. We suggest that DE can be the physical manifestation of some specific personality difficulties, and thus, ejaculation becomes the goal in itself and not the climax of an enjoyable adventure.
Hand Trauma Virtual Clinics Prove Effective During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Popova Dardan , Young Kieron , Hobday Dorian , Welman Ted , Pahal Gurjinderpal S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Due to the devastating and far-reaching impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic, hospital resources have been redirected to protect patients and health care staff, thereby vastly reducing the capacity for outpatient follow-up within a busy Plastic Surgery and Hand Trauma center. Through the use of telephone and video technology, virtual clinics were rapidly introduced to reduce hospital footfall.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed patient experiences in virtual and traditional face-to-face clinics through the month of April 2020, from the second week of the government-imposed lockdown. A 5-point Visit-Specific Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to subsequently collect patients’ feedback regarding their appointments.

Results

A total of 107 hand injury–related follow-up appointments were recorded during the 4-week period. Sixty (56.0%) appointments were performed as a virtual consultation, and 47 (43.9%) face-to-face consultations were carried out on site. It was possible to discharge 43.3% from the virtual clinic group and 57.4% from the face-to-face group. We identified no significant difference in patient satisfaction ( P = .368, Mann-Whitney U test) between the 2 cohorts.

Conclusion

Virtual clinics appear to be safe and effective for the follow-up of patients with traumatic hand injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach may prove beneficial in terms of workforce organization, reducing waiting times, and providing an alternative for patients unable to attend physical appointments.
Predictors of Management of Distal Radius Fractures in Patients Aged >65 Years
Authors: Walsh Amanda , Merchan Nelson , Bernstein David N. , Ingalls Bailey , Harper Carl M. , Rozental Tamara D.
Published: May 2021

Background

Treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) in patients aged >65 years is controversial. The purpose of this study was to identify what patient and fracture characteristics may influence the decision to pursue surgical versus nonsurgical treatment in patients aged >65 years sustaining a DRF.

Methods

We queried our institutional DRF database for patients aged >65 years who presented to a single academic, tertiary center hand clinic over a 5-year period. In all, 164 patients treated operatively were identified, and 162 patients treated nonoperatively during the same time period were selected for comparison (total N = 326). Demographic variables and fracture-specific variables were recorded. Patient and fracture characteristics between the groups were compared to determine which variables were associated with each treatment modality (operative or nonoperative).

Results

The average age in our cohort was 72 (SD: 11) years, and 274 patients (67%) were women. The average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 4.1 (SD: 2.1). The CCI is a validated tool that predicts 1-year mortality based on patient age and a list of 22 weighted comorbidities. Factors associated with operative treatment in our population were largely related to the severity of the injury and included increasing dorsal tilt (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.12; P < .001) and AO Classification type C fractures (OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 2.35-11.61; P < .001). Increasing CCI was the only factor independently associated with nonoperative management (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.997; P = .046).

Conclusion

Fracture severity is a strong driver in the decision to pursue operative management in patients aged >65 years, whereas increasing CCI predicts nonoperative treatment.