bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyper-visible Invisibility: Tracing the Politics, Poetics and Affects of the Unseen
Authors: Richards Marie-Louise
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the poetics of the invisible as a tool of analysis, tracing the hegemony of whiteness in architecture. It marks the inter- section of power and identity through examples such as the transparent line in Toni Morrison’s allegory of the fishbowl, the invisibility depicted in Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man, and the concept of ‘hyper-visibility’ introduced by Frantz Fanon, in his phenomenological and psycho- analytical critique, further analysed and ‘queered’ in critical race and cultural studies theorist Sara Ahmed’s work. These authors have inspired the search for a new method in my architectural practice, tracing a poetics produced by ‘others’ under the working concept of ‘hyper-visible invisibility’. Tracing a poetics of the unseen, I seek to go beyond the binary of race, and provide invisibility as an abstraction that escapes the usual dichotomies dominating race, class and gender, in order to focus rather on how these perform and materialize.
Situated Knowledges and Shifting Grounds: Questioning the Reality Effect of High-resolution Imagery
Authors: Antonopoulou Aikaterini
Published: February 2024

Donna Haraway has formulated the concept of “situated knowledges” to argue that the perception of any situation is always a matter of an embodied, located subject and their geographically and historically specific perspective, a perspective constantly being structured and restructured by the current conditions. The aim of this paper is to examine different ways of seeing the refugees of the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan through the lens of situated knowledges. It will present high- resolution aerial photos of their settlements as if they could be “anywhere” and it will look at a Virtual Reality short film which provides the viewers with a 360-degree view of the camp, promising an immersive experience, to argue that high-resolution images create distance and generic visions that scarcely foster engagement and situatedness.
Social-psychological factors of the formation of professionalspecial characteristics in a leader person
Authors: Baxram Jumanazarov
Published: February 2024

Today's pedagogue is required by society to be managed by a person who embodies all-round leadership competence and has a new way of managing employees. In this article, there are opinions about the students who are placed in front of the modern leader today.
MEMBANGUN TANGGUNG JAWAB KOLEKTIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN MODERN
Authors: Rahmah
Published: February 2024

Keberhasilan dan kegagalan suatu proses pendidikan Islam secara umum dapat dinilai dari out-put-nya, yakni orang-orang sebagai produk pendidikan Islam. Jika Pendidikan Islam mengalami kegagalan dalam mengantarkan manusia kearah cita-cita manusiawi yang bersandar pada nilai-nilai ke-Tuhanan, maka yang akan terjadi adalah tumbuhnya prilaku-prilaku negatif dan destruktif, seperti kekerasan, ketidakpedulian sosial, dan lain sebagainya, yang semuanya itu mengakibatkan penderitaan semesta. Berbagai prilaku-prilaku destruktif tersebut, yang sering muncul dinegara Indonesia, merupakan akibat dari belum munculnya memiliki kesadaran. Pihak-pihak yang yang paling memegang kunci dan mempunyai peran utama dalam memupuk dan membangun kesadaran generasi penerus bangsa adalah; orang tua melalui lembaga keluarga,masyarakat dengan pengawasannya, sekolah dengan seluruh elemenya dan pemerintah dengan kebijakan dan keteladannya.Pihak-pihak ini harus mempunyai kesamaan dasar pandang, koordinasi, singkronisasi serta saling bahu membahu dalam membangun kesadaran generasi penerus bangsa.
Overqualification and Turnover Intention: The Significance of Work-Life Balance for Canadian-Born and Immigrant Employees
Authors: Ballesteros-Leiva Felix , St-Onge Sylvie , Arcand Sébastien
Published: February 2024

This study aims to help employers retain overqualified employees or reduce their turnover intention. Specifically, using conservation of resources (COR) theory, we tested whether employee perceptions of overqualification directly affect turnover intention and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship. We study this 3-way relationship in a specific environmental context (in Canada) and compared two different groups of employees: Canadian-born and immigrant, the latter facing more challenges to integrating into the labour market and getting a job that corresponds to their qualifications. For this, there are many reasons, such as language barriers, discrimination, undervaluation of their assets, lack of work experience and lack of a professional network in the host country.

We tested our hypotheses by conducting two questionnaire-based field studies in Canada: one among 227 Canadian-born employees and the other among 237 immigrant employees. Our results confirm the value of COR theory in understanding the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention among Canadian-born and immigrant employees and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship among immigrants.

Given the scarcity of talent, employers should do more to recognize and use their employees’ skills, whether local or immigrant. To retain their immigrant employees, employers should help them balance their work and personal lives. Finally, employers should provide overqualified immigrants with ongoing assistance (information, emotional support, tools, continuous follow-up) to help them manage their daily lives, strike a balance between their work and personal lives and, ultimately, reduce their turnover intention.

Abstract

Using conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002), we first investigated the direct influence of overqualification on turnover intention. Second, we tested whether the perceived work-life balance affects the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention. To that end, we used questionnaires to conduct independent field studies of two groups of Canadian workers: 227 local human resources professionals and 237 immigrant employees. Both studies confirmed that perceived overqualification increased their intention to quit their jobs. Perceived work-life balance moderated the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention only among the immigrant employees. This paper sheds light on how perceived overqualification can affect the intention to quit a job among local and immigrant employees. It also shows how perceived work-life balance can affect the relationship between perceived overqualification and the intention to quit a job.
La virtualisation des communications en contexte de travail hybride : un effet d’entraînement ou de réduction des comportements hostiles ?
Authors: St-Onge Sylvie , Bachini Eva
Published: February 2024

Depuis la pandémie, un nombre croissant d’employés travaillent partiellement ou totalement à distance et en présentiel selon leur volonté ou des balises définies par leur employeur. Cette étude explore (1) les liens entre l’adoption de ces modes de travail qualifiés d’« hybride » (un changement d’organisation du travail important qui a modifié, entre autres, les lieux, les heures et la charge de travail) et diverses formes de comportement hostiles parmi le personnel ; (2) les moyens de prévenir et contrer l’émergence de comportements hostiles dans un contexte de travail hybride appelé à s’intensifier.

Notre revue des écrits et les résultats de nos entrevues menées auprès d’experts montrent que les modes de travail hybride, avec la virtualisation accrue des relations de travail, ont des incidences mitigées sur les comportements hostiles : ils peuvent agir comme un accélérateur tout comme inhibiteur selon les facteurs pris en compte. D’une part, la virtualisation accrue des relations entre le personnel augmenterait la portée des cas de harcèlement psychologique comme les gestes hostiles peuvent se poursuivre et s’étendre pour la victime en dehors de la présence physique de l’agresseur. D’autre part, la distanciation physique qu’entraîne une virtualisation accrue des relations interpersonnelles peut aussi avoir un effet réducteur sur les rapports hostiles au travail. Cependant, le contexte de travail à distance a des incidences manifestes sur l’augmentation du nombre de dénonciations ou de plaintes, puisqu’il est plus facile d’obtenir des preuves matérielles.

Nos résultats décrivent aussi l’importance du soutien offert par les employeurs et les superviseurs pour prévenir l’émergence de comportements hostiles en contexte de travail hybride à l’aide de divers moyens : adopter ou réviser les règles ou les politiques, réviser les modes de direction et supervision, maintenir la communication et clarifier les attentes, exercer une vigie et intervenir face aux incivilités, conflits et mal-être.

Précis

Cette étude explore les conséquences du recours massif aux modes de travail hybride sur l’adoption de divers comportements hostiles et sur les moyens de les prévenir. Nos entrevues menées auprès d’experts montrent que la virtualisation accrue des communications en contexte de travail hybride a des incidences mitigées sur le nombre et le type de comportements hostiles, mais qu’il a des effets manifestes sur le nombre et l’objet des dénonciations ou plaintes. Nos résultats décrivent l’importance du soutien offert par les employeurs et les superviseurs pour prévenir l’émergence de comportements hostiles en contexte de travail hybride. Les apports de ces résultats sur les plans théoriques et pratiques sont mis de l’avant.
A Just Transition for Labour: The Challenges of Moves to a Circular Economy
Authors: Fairbrother Peter , Banks Marcus
Published: February 2024

Proposals for a just transition for labour have been largely restricted to debates about transitions from the coal and oil industries. However, the transitions under way, especially in the context of the climate crisis, are more widespread. Hence the debates about a just transition from carbon-intensive industries should be refined and extended; otherwise, there is a prospect of rhetorical gesturing and little substantive change. Alongside these debates, planning guidelines are in place to encourage the adoption of circular economy practices to address questions relating to material sustainability, especially in the context of the encroaching climate crisis. Relatively little attention has been given to the implications for work and employment relationships of realizing the increasingly popular ambition to reuse, recycle and re-manufacture material inputs, waste and end-of-life products. To address these themes, the focus here is on the importance of a developed worker-focused just transition in Australian housing construction, and by implication other industries. The argument is twofold. First, an effective worker-based approach means participative and engaged labour unions pursuing transition objectives. Second, moves toward a circular economy require a just transition for the workforce. Such a transition must be planned and inclusive, with workers and their organizations as active subjects in the process. Hence, different strategies are required when unions are not in a position to speak for the whole workforce. We propose that alliances based on unions and other bodies that support workers and their households (such as environmental and other advocacy groups) become critical to the creation of a sustainable and just circular economy. Alliance politics, supported by appropriate government regulation, can become the basis to overcome the partiality and fragmentation of union representation.

Abstract

Proposals for a just transition for labour have been largely restricted to debates about transitions in coal regions. Yet a just transition for labour should apply to all industries. Alongside these debates, planning guidelines are in place to encourage the adoption of circular economy practices to address questions relating to material sustainability, especially in the context of the encroaching climate crisis. Surprisingly, few people have considered the implications of such changes for work and employment relationships. Unless a just transition is pursued, current inequalities in the housing construction industry are likely to intensify and remain embedded. The argument is that moves toward a circular economy in Australian housing construction require a just transition for the workforce. Such a transition must be planned and inclusive.
La négociation collective du secteur de l’éducation : quel avenir pour le Front commun?
Authors: Fortin-Bergeron Chloé , Gagné Diane
Published: February 2024

Cette étude s’intéresse à la capacité des organisations syndicales à améliorer les conditions de travail de leurs membres en contexte d’austérité économique. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons au cas de la négociation 2014-2015 au sein du secteur public québécois et plus particulièrement à la négociation dans le secteur de l’Éducation primaire-secondaire. Proposant une approche d’analyse multiniveau et multidimensionnelle et mobilisant un devis qualitatif, nous souhaitons engager une réflexion sur la capacité des syndicats du secteur de l’éducation à répondre à la précarité dans ce secteur. La position que nous avançons dans cet article est que les syndicats n’ont pas été en mesure de saisir certaines opportunités leur permettant de renforcer leur pouvoir de force aux tables de négociation. Nos principaux résultats nous amènent à faire le constat que les structures centralisées n’ont pas bien servi le front commun lors de la négociation de 2015; la négociation inter et intraorganisationnelle s’est avérée difficile et peu efficace compte tenu des multiples réalités et enjeux et de la stratégie fortement centralisée du gouvernement. Nous avons aussi constaté que la précarité vécue et perçue par les membres du secteur de l’éducation est très spécifique au contexte et aux caractéristiques de l’emploi; une spécificité qui semble plus difficile à faire reconnaitre au sein de structures centralisées. Partant de la thèse du « syndicalisme fantôme » proposé par Desbiens (2020) et du pragmatisme syndical de Lemieux (2021), nous engageons une réflexion et proposons des pistes d’action de manière à favoriser un rapprochement entre les différents paliers d’action syndicale et d’arrimer plus solidement la praxis syndicale aux attentes des membres.

Précis

Cette étude s’intéresse à la capacité des organisations syndicales à améliorer les conditions de travail et répondre à la précarité de leurs membres en contexte d’austérité économique. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons au cas de la négociation 2014-2015 au sein du secteur public québécois et plus particulièrement à la négociation dans le secteur de l’Éducation primaire-secondaire. Proposant une approche d’analyse multiniveau et multidimensionnelle et mobilisant un devis qualitatif, nos principaux résultats nous amènent à faire le constat que les structures centralisées n’ont pas bien servi le front commun. En fait, la négociation inter et intraorganisationnelle s’est avérée difficile et peu efficace compte tenu des multiples réalités et enjeux et de la stratégie fortement centralisée du gouvernement.
Fractional Fourier transform imaging based on untrained neural networks
Authors: Huang Yu-Hang , Chen Li-Xiang ,   Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China,   Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Published: February 2024

Fractional Fourier transform is an important branch of optical research, and it is widely used in optical encryption, optical filtering, image watermarking and other fields. The phase retrieval in the case of fractional Fourier transform is widely studied. Also, deep learning has been an intriguing method for optical computational imaging. However, in optical computational imaging, traditional deep learning methods possess some intrinsic disadvantages. In optical imaging experiments, it is often difficult to obtain sufficient quality and quantity of labeled data for training, thus leading to poor robustness of the trained neural network. Even with sufficient datasets, the training time can be particularly long. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in physic-driven untrained neural networks for computational imaging. Herein we use such a method to study the fractional Fourier transform imaging, which combines neural networks with optical models to achieve phase retrieval of fractional Fourier transform. Unlike the traditional neural network training with the original image as the target, our network framework is used only a single intensity image for the phase retrieval of fractional Fourier transform images. The output image of the neural network will serve as an optical model through fractional Fourier transform, and then the output image of the optical model will be used as a loss function to drive the neural network training with the output image of the neural network. We study the fractional Fourier transform reconstruction for the cases where the fractional order is less than 1 and greater than 1. The simulations and experiments show that the network framework can implement the fractional Fourier transform reconstructions of the intensity objects and phase objects for different fraction orders, in which only 2000 iterations are needed. The experimental results show that the similarity between the reconstructed image and the original image, i.e. the number of normalized correlation coefficient, can reach 99.7%. Therefore, our work offers an efficient scheme for functional Fourier transform reconstruction with physics-enhanced deep neutral network.
Metabolic model-based ecological modeling for probiotic design
Authors: Brunner James D , Chia Nicholas
Published: February 2024

The microbial community composition in the human gut has a profound effect on human health. This observation has lead to extensive use of microbiome therapies, including over-the-counter ‘probiotic’ treatments intended to alter the composition of the microbiome. Despite so much promise and commercial interest, the factors that contribute to the success or failure of microbiome-targeted treatments remain unclear. We investigate the biotic interactions that lead to successful engraftment of a novel bacterial strain introduced to the microbiome as in probiotic treatments. We use pairwise genome-scale metabolic modeling with a generalized resource allocation constraint to build a network of interactions between taxa that appear in an experimental engraftment study. We create induced sub-graphs using the taxa present in individual samples and assess the likelihood of invader engraftment based on network structure. To do so, we use a generalized Lotka-Volterra model, which we show has strong ability to predict if a particular invader or probiotic will successfully engraft into an individual’s microbiome. Furthermore, we show that the mechanistic nature of the model is useful for revealing which microbe-microbe interactions potentially drive engraftment.
Autotrophic growth of Escherichia coli is achieved by a small number of genetic changes
Authors: Ben Nissan Roee , Milshtein Eliya , Pahl Vanessa , de Pins Benoit , Jona Ghil , Levi Dikla , Yung Hadas , Nir Noga , Ezra Dolev , Gleizer Shmuel , Link Hannes , Noor Elad , Milo Ron
Published: February 2024

Synthetic autotrophy is a promising avenue to sustainable bioproduction from CO2. Here, we use iterative laboratory evolution to generate several distinct autotrophic strains. Utilising this genetic diversity, we identify that just three mutations are sufficient for Escherichia coli to grow autotrophically, when introduced alongside non-native energy (formate dehydrogenase) and carbon-fixing (RuBisCO, phosphoribulokinase, carbonic anhydrase) modules. The mutated genes are involved in glycolysis (pgi), central-carbon regulation (crp), and RNA transcription (rpoB). The pgi mutation reduces the enzyme’s activity, thereby stabilising the carbon-fixing cycle by capping a major branching flux. For the other two mutations, we observe down-regulation of several metabolic pathways and increased expression of native genes associated with the carbon-fixing module (rpiB) and the energy module (fdoGH), as well as an increased ratio of NADH/NAD+ - the cycle’s electron-donor. This study demonstrates the malleability of metabolism and its capacity to switch trophic modes using only a small number of genetic changes and could facilitate transforming other heterotrophic organisms into autotrophs.
Mobile barrier mechanisms for Na+-coupled symport in an MFS sugar transporter
Authors: Hariharan Parameswaran , Shi Yuqi , Katsube Satoshi , Willibal Katleen , Burrows Nathan D , Mitchell Patrick , Bakhtiiari Amirhossein , Stanfield Samantha , Pardon Els , Kaback H Ronald , Liang Ruibin , Steyaert Jan , Viner Rosa , Guan Lan
Published: February 2024

While many 3D structures of cation-coupled transporters have been determined, the mechanistic details governing the obligatory coupling and functional regulations still remain elusive. The bacterial melibiose transporter (MelB) is a prototype of major facilitator superfamily transporters. With a conformation-selective nanobody, we determined a low-sugar affinity inward-facing Na+-bound cryoEM structure. The available outward-facing sugar-bound structures showed that the N- and C-terminal residues of the inner barrier contribute to the sugar selectivity. The inward-open conformation shows that the sugar selectivity pocket is also broken when the inner barrier is broken. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that this inward-facing conformation trapped by this nanobody exhibited a greatly decreased sugar-binding affinity, suggesting the mechanisms for substrate intracellular release and accumulation. While the inner/outer barrier shift directly regulates the sugar-binding affinity, it has little or no effect on the cation binding, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the hydron/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analyses allowed us to identify dynamic regions; some regions are involved in the functionally important inner barrier-specific salt-bridge network, which indicates their critical roles in the barrier switching mechanisms for transport. These complementary results provided structural and dynamic insights into the mobile barrier mechanism for cation-coupled symport.
Factors associated with high-risk drinking among men in Korea: a secondary analysis
Authors: Chae Hyun Ju
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors associated with high-risk drinking in Korean men. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII-2), 2020. Data were downloaded from the KNHANES website. The subjects of this study were 1,653 alcohol-drinking men between 19 and 65 years of age. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and complex sample logistic regression statistics. Results: The high-risk drinking rate among alcohol-drinking men was 27.1%. High-risk drinking was more common in men who smoked (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, p < .001), men with a middle school education or lower (OR = 1.91, p = .016), men who lived with a spouse (OR = 1.61, p = .025), men who slept less than 6 hours on weekends (OR = 1.51, p = .016), and men who perceived stress (OR = 1.30, p = .044), while it was lower in men who were underweight (OR = 0.19, p = .006). Conclusion: To reduce the rate of high-risk drinking, it is necessary to provide an intervention that considers factors associated with high-risk drinking among men. In particular, smoking was the most important factor associated with high-risk drinking, implying that the integrated management of drinking and smoking is necessary to reduce high-risk drinking.
Building Soil Health and Fertility through Organic Amendments and Practices: A Review
Authors: Singh N. K. , Sachan Kushal , Ranjitha G.  , Chandana S.  , Manoj B. P.  , Panotra Narinder , Katiyar Drishty
Published: February 2024

Soil health and quality are foundational to agricultural sustainability and meeting global food security priorities. However, intensive farming practices have degraded soil ecosystems. Organic amendments and regenerative management practices can restore soil function by overcoming nutritional limitations, improving physical and biological properties, and promoting general soil and crop resilience. This review synthesizes research on major sources of organic soil amendments including animal manures, composts, cover crops, crop residues and living mulches. We describe their multifaceted edaphic and agronomic benefits from providing a slow release bank of macro and micronutrients, increasing soil organic matter, and stimulating beneficial microbial communities. Complementary and synergistic soil building practices are also covered, encompassing conservation tillage techniques like no-till, crop diversification via rotations and intercropping, and agroecological integration of trees and livestock. Although transitioning from degraded conventional systems requires patience as years of soil regeneration are needed to enable high system performance, outcomes consistently show integrated practices that minimize disturbance and maintain living ground cover while leveraging organic inputs can transform the foundation of agricultural systems by enhancing soil ecosystem function. Widespread adoption of this soil health paradigm can thereby enable sustainable intensification and resilience.
Frequência do Papilomavírus Humano Oncogênico em Mulheres Atendidas no Centro de Oncologia da Bahia
Authors: Menêses Marta Soraia Lima , Mendes Carlos Maurício Cardeal , Pereira Toralles Maria Betânia
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a carcinogênese cervical está relacionada com o papilomavírus humano (HPV). Dos tipos oncogênicos do HPV, os subtipos 16 e 18, são os mais frequentes, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de malignidade, por promoverem a interrupção do controle normal do ciclo celular. Objetivo: calcular a frequência dos tipos de HPV oncogênicos e verificar o grau de acurácia da citologia e da colposcopia, comparadas à técnica de reação em cadeia em polimerase. Metodologia: inquérito epidemiológico descritivo, seccional, realizado entre março de 2018 e setembro de 2019, na técnica de reação de cadeia em polimerase, obtida mediante consulta ao banco de dados do LACEN-BA, em 114 mulheres atendidas no CICAN-BA, com lesão intraepitelial escamosa cervical de alto grau e (ou) carcinoma epidermoide invasor do colo uterino, cujos dados foram extraídos dos prontuários, ademais dos dados sociodemográficos e dos resultados dos exames de colpocitologia, lançados em uma ficha de investigação padrão. Procedeu-se à revisão de literatura nasseguintes base de dados: Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed e Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2020, tendo como critério de inclusão revistas em português e inglês, cujos títulos coincidem com o tema da pesquisa. Excluíram-se artigos repetidos e estudos de HPV fora do colo do útero. Calculou-se a frequência relativa da presença de HPV oncogênico e os indicadores de acurácia. Resultados e discussão: constatou-se que 81 mulheres (71%) se apresentaram positivas para os genes oncogênicos, obtendo-se uma frequência global de HPV de 35,1%; dessas, em 13,1% estão relacionados ao HPV 16, e 1,8% se referem ao 18. Conclusão: encontrou-se uma frequência elevada de HPV oncogênico na amostra estudada e uma alta frequência de falsos negativos da citologia e colposcopia, comparativamente à técnica de reação de cadeia em polimerase.
Conhecimento dos acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre a prática da fitoterapia como alternativa terapêutica
Authors: Silva Vitória Luiza Amaral da , Couto Izadhora Cardoso de Almeida , Lisboa Helen Cristina Fávero
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a fitoterapia contempla um saber que a décadas perpassa as famílias brasileiras no cuidado à saúde. Neste sentido, visando garantir uma terapêutica segura, observa-se a importância da formação/capacitação dos acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre a temática. Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos da área da saúde sobre a prática da fitoterapia como alternativa terapêutica. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo com delineamento transversal, não experimental e a coleta de dados realizada utilizando-se um questionário contendo perguntas sobre a fitoterapia. Resultados: responderam ao questionário 310 acadêmicos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina, Nutrição, Psicologia, Odontologia e Farmácia, dentre estes, a maioria do sexo feminino (84,8%), com idade entre 21 e 25 anos (48,7%), solteiros (72,6%) e com renda familiar entre 1 e 2 salários-mínimos (27,7%).Um total de 51,6% afirmou conhecer a diferença entre os termos fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais e não sabiam os riscos do uso inadequado, 80,3% afirmaram não saber fazer orientações sobre o uso correto, riscos e benefícios, 66,1% conhecem as formas de uso, 58,4% desconhecem a parte da planta a ser utilizada e 64,5% não sabem citar medicamentos proveniente das plantas. A maioria dos entrevistados (98%) considera importante que o profissional de saúde tenha conhecimento sobre essa prática, e demostram interesse em aprender sobre o tema (78%). Conclusão: a partir dos dados apresentados, nota-se que existem deficiências na formação dos acadêmicos, e salienta-se a importância da inserção da disciplina sobre fitoterapia na grade curricular dos cursos da área da saúde.
EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. TEA INTAKE ON ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN HEALTHY WISTAR RATS
Authors: Monteiro Alana Louzada Millions , Santos Lumena Isis de Oliveira , Souza Vanessa Rosse de , Azeredo Vilma Blondet de , Teodoro Anderson Junger , Figueiredo Mariana Sarto
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. have therapeutic potential characteristics, rich in phytochemicals with anti-inflamatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Objective: The study aims to evaluate daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in a concentration usually consumed by population, on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity in healthy female adult Wistar rats. Methodology: The animals were divide in Control Group (CG), which received filtered water and commercial diet; and Hibiscus Group (HG), which received 15 mL/day of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. flower tea (prepared 1g of flower/100mL of water), commercial diet and filtered water. The infusion of hibiscus flower for tea preparation was performed daily (ratio of 1.0g of dried flower to 100 mL of filtered boiled water), infused for 10 minutes, strained, and daily offered to animals (15 mL/day/animal) during 84 days. After 84 days of experimental protocol, animals were euthanized and evaluated serum biochemical parameters such urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, total proteins, albumin, lipid profile and fasting glycemia. Analysis of antioxidant components was perfomed on hibiscus tea and serum antioxidant activity data were also analyzed by 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant activity by iron reduction (FRAP) methods. Results: Hibiscus tea has a high antioxidant potential, and reduce fasting glucose (p < 0.05), but in concentration offered this antioxidant capacity was not observed at serum level, without changes on body mass, water intake, food consumption, lipid profile, liver and kidney biomarkers. Conclusion: Hibiscus tea daily consumption, showed higher antioxidant potential and reduce fasting blood glucose, without toxic effects.
Série temporal dos homicídios no Sudeste e Nordeste brasileiro, 2001 a 2020
Authors: Gois Yasmim Dória Cardoso , Santos Vitória Steffany de Oliveira , Andrade Renata Lima Batalha , Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Batista Jefferson Felipe Calazans , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição temporal dos homicídios no Sudeste e Nordeste brasileiro no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2020. Metodologia: estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre homicídios no Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, 2001 a 2020. Calculou-se as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade (TPM) por sexo. A análise de séries temporais (ST) foi realizada por meio da regressão linear com correção da autocorrelação de Prais-Winsten. Foram testados modelos de tendência temporal, sazonalidade e ST interrompidas. Resultados: observou-se tendência de crescimento no sexo masculino (Variação Percentual Mensal – VPM=0,24% IC95%=0,17; 0,31) e feminino (VPM=0,23% IC95%=0,18; 0,27) no Nordeste. No Sudeste os homicídios em homens (VPM=-0,42% IC95%=-0,49; -0,35) e mulheres (VPM=-0,35% IC95%=-0,38; -0,31) foram de diminuição. Houve diminuição considerável de janeiro de 2018 a julho de 2019 no Nordeste (VPM=-2,53 IC95%=-2,96 -2,10) e Sudeste (VPM=-2,57% IC95%=-3,06 -2,07). Sazonalidade foi identificada nas duas regiões e em todos os grupos de sexo (p<0,05). Mortalidade por arma de fogo liderou com maiores taxas e apresentou padrão de crescimento no Nordeste entre masculino (VPM=0,31% IC95%=0,23; 0,39) e feminino (VPM=0,34% IC95%=0,29; 0,39) e diminuição no Sudeste – masculino (VPM=-0,45% IC95%=-0,52; -0,37) – feminino (VPM=-0,52% IC95%=-0,57; -0,47). Conclusão: o Nordeste apresenta um padrão temporal diferente no Sudeste, ambos com variação sazonal e redução brusca entre jan/2018 e jul/2019. Políticas públicas e ações preventivas precisam ser intensificadas com a finalidade de modificar no longo prazo a realidade observada no Nordeste.
Antifungal activity of eukaryotic microalgae in dermatophytes
Authors: Lage Vivian Marina Gomes Barbosa , Ramos Deegan Kathleen , Fontes Santos Gabriela , Gonzaga Fernandez Luzimar , Barbosa Cristiane De Jesus , Telles da Cunha Lima Suzana
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Microalgae are considered a promising source of biologically active secondary metabolites, with several biotechnological properties already recorded, including antifungal activity. Objective: Thus, the properties of ethanol extracts of microalgae Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chaetoceros neogracilis, Desmodesmus brasiliensis, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Kirchneriella lunaris and Tetraselmis gracilis were investigated in vitro for antifungal activity against dermatophytes Nannizzia gypsea, Nannizzia nana, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton tonsurans. Methods: The extracts were evaluated using broth microdilution methodology, with a test interval of 0.0115 to 6 mg mL-1. The antifungal itraconazole was tested at concentrations 0.0313 to 16 μg mL-1. Results: All microalgae extracts showed antifungal activity, especially extracts from C. neogracilis, D. brasiliensis and K. lunaris that totally inhibited growth of all species of dermatophytes evaluated. The lowest MIC values recorded were for the extracts of D. brasiliensis and K. lunaris (MIC 0.188 mg mL-1), against T. tonsurans e N. nana. Conclusions: This was a pioneering work about the antifungal activity of these microalgae against dermatophytes. It is expected that, from this study, further research will be carried out in order to identify and isolate the active biomolecules responsible for the antifungal activity of these microalgae species.
Esclerose lateral amiotrófica pós Infecção pelo SArs-CoV-2
Authors: Da Paixão Rodrigues Márcia Cristina , Silva Júnior Elias , Silva Rogério , Silva Laís , Araújo Daniel
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma doença neuromuscular, degenerativa e efeitos imunológicos que podem afetar sua evolução, como a pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2 que é uma infecção viral que tem efeitos imunomoduladores. Objetivo: descrever um caso clínico de um paciente com diagnóstico de esclerose lateral amiotrófica pós-infecção pelo SARS-cov-2. Metodologia: a metodologia adotada neste artigo foi o relato de caso, através da revisão do prontuário de um paciente atendido no Ambulatório de Neurologia do Hospital Geral de Carapicuíba, São Paulo. Resultados: na literatura já estão descritos casos de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica, diagnosticados antes da pandemia, e que após terem COVID-19, evoluíram com piora progressiva e rápida da sintomatologia neurológica. Após a revisão da literatura não foi identificada descrição de caso semelhante. São descritas teorias sobre a imunomodulação do SARS-CoV-2 como também a neuropatogênese que possam explicar o caso de esclerose lateral amiotrófica pós- infecção viral pelo SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: o presente relato contribui para o conhecimento da neuropatogênesedo vírus SARS-CoV-2 na esclerose lateral amiotrófica.
Análise comparativa do uso de psicofármacos nos períodos pré e pós pandemia do Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
Authors: Correia Rafael de Mattis , Santos Lucimary Afonso dos , Janeiro Vanderly , Campagna Angela Maria
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a pandemia da covid-19 contribuiu para o surgimento ou agravamento de transtornos mentais, motivados pela ação direta do vírus ou alterações no contexto socioeconômico. Objetivo: realizar uma análise comparativa no uso de psicofármacos entre o período pré-pandêmico e pós-pandêmico. Metodologia: este estudo foi conduzido na Farmácia Básica Municipal de Paranavaí-PR. Foram coletados dados referentes aos psicofármacos, antidepressivos e ansiolíticos, entre 2019 e 2021. As variáveis foram o número de pacientes, de atendimentos e itens dispensados. Optou-se por ajustar o modelo de Regressão Binomial Negativo. Foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (Parecer n.º 5.295.815). Resultados: ao se comparar 2020 com 2019, o número de pacientes atendidos para quaisquer psicofármacos, para antidepressivos e para ansiolíticos, reduziu em cerca de 7% cada. O número de atendimentos para psicofármacos e antidepressivos reduziu cerca de 5% cada. Comparando-se 2021 com 2019, o número de pacientes atendidospara quaisquer psicofármacos e para ansiolíticos reduziu em 2,4%, 10,1%, respectivamente; mas, para os antidepressivos, aumentou 2,6%. Houve acréscimo expressivo no número de atendimentos para antidepressivos (10,4%). Considerando-se a quantidade de itens dispensados, houve aumento no consumo de quaisquer psicofármacos, aproximadamente 10% (2020) e 19% (2021). Analisando somente antidepressivos e ansiolíticos, aumentou 9% (2020) e 16% (2021) em comparação com 2019. Observou-se aumento no consumo em todas as faixas etárias, destacando-se a de 41-60 anos. Conclusão: foi observado que, mesmo com menor número de pacientes e/ou atendimentos realizados, houve acréscimo do consumo de psicofármacos, indicando possível aumento dos transtornos mentais causados pela pandemia da covid-19.
COMPARISON OF CLASS III MALOCCLUSION TREATMENT CHANGES WITH TWO PRESCRIPTIONS OF PREADJUSTED BRACKETS
Authors: Vieira Domingos , Cotrin Paula , Angheben Christian Zamberlan , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Hermont Cançado Rodrigo , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli
Published: February 2024

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to compare Class III malocclusion treatment changes performed with two different preadjusted bracket prescriptions: Biofunctional and Roth.

Material and Methods: The sample comprised 84 Class III malocclusion patients treated with compensatory approaches. The sample was divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (Biofunctional): 36 patients (23 female, 13 male) with a mean initial age of 20.04 years and a mean treatment time of 2.53 years. Group 2 (Roth): 48 patients (28 female and 20 male) with a mean initial age of 19.05 years and a mean treatment time of 2.64 years. Intergroup comparisons at the pre- (T1) and posttreatment (T2) stages and of the treatment changes (T2-T1) were performed with t tests.

Results: There were greater maxillary and mandibular incisors labial and lingual tipping and greater occlusal plane counterclockwise rotation in the Roth than in the Biofunctional prescription.

Conclusion: Compensatory Class III malocclusion treatment performed with the Biofunctional prescription minimizes the side effects of Class III elastics.
ACE
Model
Authors: Maes Hermine H.
Published: September 2005

The ACE model refers to a genetic epidemiological model that postulates that additive genetic factors (A) (
see
Additive Genetic Variance
), common environmental factors (C), and specific environmental factors (E) account for individual differences in a phenotype (P) (
see
Genotype
) of interest. This model is used to quantify the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to variation and is one of the fundamental models of basic genetic epidemiology.
Adaptive Random Assignment
Authors: Berger Vance W. , Zhou YanYan
Published: September 2005

The primary objective of a comparative trial is to provide a precise and valid treatment comparison. Another objective may be to minimize exposure to the inferior treatment, the identity of which may be revealed only during the course of the study. Unrestricted randomization is not generally used because it is susceptible to chronological bias, and this would interfere with the first objective, the valid treatment comparison. Yet, too many restrictions lead to a predictable allocation sequence, which can also compromise validity. It can be a challenge to find the right balance of restrictions on the randomization, and sometimes a covariate‐adaptive design is used. When the second objective is considered as well, then the solution must necessarily be a response‐adaptive design that evolves depending on the responses of those enrolled.
Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Li Zhen , Berger Vance W.
Published: September 2005

Adaptive sampling refers to a sampling technique in which the procedure for selecting units depends on the previous observations made during the study. Compared to the traditional fixed sampling procedure, adaptive sampling techniques often lead to more effective results. Some practical methods have been developed, such as adaptive cluster sampling, stratified adaptive cluster sampling, systematic and strip adaptive cluster sampling, and adaptive cluster sampling based on order statistics.
Additive Models
Authors: Vandenberg Robert J.
Published: September 2005

Additivity or additive models is most commonly found in discussions of results from multiple regression analyses. Additive models are ones in which there is no interaction between the independent variables. The point is that the regression coefficient for each independent variable (predictor) is constant over all values of the other independent variables in the model.
Additive Tree
Authors: Corter James E.
Published: September 2005

Additive trees are useful models for the analysis of proximity data. In such analyses, the data dissimilarities are represented by path‐length distances in the additive tree graph. The choice of a root for an additive tree can affect its interpretation in terms of clusters. Effective algorithms exist to fit additive trees to behavioral data.
Additivity Tests
Authors: Karabatsos George
Published: September 2005

Additive linear models are ubiquitous in applied areas of behavioral statistics, and so it is often important to test whether data fit the assumption of additivity. In a test of additivity, the null hypothesis is that a dependent variable is an additive, noninteractive function of two (or more) independent variables, while the alternative hypothesis of nonadditivity is characterized by one or more interactions between the independent variables. It is possible to test for additivity in the context of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while the theory of Additive Conjoint Measurement provides a more general basis for testing additivity.
A
kaike's Criterion
Authors: Lance Charles E.
Published: September 2005

Akaike's criterion is a an overall goodness‐of‐fit index used in regression and structural equation modeling that seeks a balance between model fit and model complexity. Despite its firm theoretical foundation and strong intuitive appeal Akaike's criterion has little empirical support to justify its use in practice.
All‐
Y
Models
Authors: Landis Ronald S.
Published: September 2005

All‐Y models refer to applications of confirmatory factor analytic procedures in which the researcher treats all variables as endogenous. Model specification requires estimation of three sets of parameters including (1) loadings of measured variables on the underlying construct(s), (2) relationships between measurement errors associated with the observed variables, and (3) relationships between the residual errors for the latent endogenous constructs.
Average Deviation
Authors: Howell David C.
Published: September 2005

The average deviation is a measure of scale based on the average of the absolute deviations from the center of the distribution. For a normal distribution, the average deviation is somewhat less efficient than the standard deviation as a measure of scale, but this advantage quickly reverses for distributions with heavier tails.
Computer‐based Testing
Authors: Davey Tim
Published: September 2005

Most broadly defined, computer‐based tests (CBTs) include not just tests administered on computers or workstations but also exams delivered via telephones, PDAs, and other electronic devices. There have been three main reasons for test developers to move beyond conventional paper and pencil administration. The first is to change the nature of what is being measured. The second is to improve measurement precision or efficiency. The third is to make test administration more convenient for examinees, test sponsors, or both. This entry details some of the advantages of CBTs relative to conventional paper and pencil tests, and describes some of the methods used for test administration and scoring.
Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Phillips Lawrence D.
Published: September 2005

Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) are directed graphs of conditional probabilities that capture the knowledge of experts along with hard data. BBNs aid rational reasoning in situations of uncertainty, and permit inferences to be made about hypotheses of interest. On the basis of the laws of probability, including Bayes's theorem, they provide a clear, visual representation of situations of very considerable complexity, in which the uncertainty about target events is extended to include many relevant events. BBNs can handle uncertain inferences from data to intervening variables to hypotheses, and they can take account of the unreliability of particular data sources.
Bernoulli Family
Authors: Senn Stephen
Published: September 2005

In his entertaining but irreverent book on the history of mathematics, Eric Temple Bell took the case of the Bernoullis as being clear proof of the heritability of mathematical genius. This remarkable Swiss dynasty produced at least ten mathematicians of note. Because the names, James, John, Nicholas, and Daniel, appear in different generations and also, depending on the account, in Latin, German, French or English forms, identification of individuals is perilous.
Binomial Distribution: Estimating and Testing Parameters
Authors: Berger Vance W. , Zhou YanYan
Published: September 2005

We consider categorical variables with only two possible values. Such data are referred to as binary data, Bernoulli variables, dichotomous data, and sometimes as 0/1 data. In contrast with continuous data, which are generally summarized with sums and averages, binary data are generally summarized with counts and proportions. The binomial distribution is generally used to model the proportion of binary trials that result in a given outcome. When testing a binomial population to determine if the success probability appears to be a given specified value, the binomial test is used.
Classical Statistical Inference: Practice Versus Presentation
Authors: Harris Richard J.
Published: September 2005

Classical statistical inference is a useful tool in determining whether sufficient evidence has been marshaled to establish the direction of a population effect. Ifp(the probability that a sample effect as large as or larger than the observed effect size would be obtained when sampling from a population in which the effect size is zero) is very low, we conclude that the population effect goes in the same direction as the sample effect. Otherwise, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to be confident of the direction of the effect in the population. Misunderstanding and misrepresentation of this logic has a number of unfortunate consequences against which I attempt to inoculate the reader.