bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy Protection Against Insider Attacks
Authors:   M-Tech, Dept.:-CSE, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, GANDIPET, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA,, Bai M Rama , Quraishi Maaz Bin Saad ,   Professor, Dept.:-CSE, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, GANDIPET, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA,
Published: July 2020

A growing number of public and private sector organizations are recognizing insider threats as a critical area. In response, many steps are taken to defend assets against risks posed by employees and third-party trust. Insiders pose unique challenges for defenders. Traditional security tools are unlikely to audit insiders, let alone privileged users who have a potentially malicious intent. Although a high-risk activity, it is common to see users sharing passwords between colleagues or subordinates, defeating the purpose of authentication. This increases chances of Insider Attacks (IA), as it is hard to identify malicious insiders, given an attacker is entrusted with highly privileged access to read and write operations. Information Technology Organizations employ many workers with varying level of access, and every user is authenticated with unique login credenti¬als. Controls need to be put in place in order to secure the systems, since it can hamper login patterns. Research indicates that by analysis of system calls (SCs) that are generated upon user login can detect intrusions and read such patterns that are against the normal operations of the system. Information Technology Organizations employ many workers with varying level of access, and no two users have same login behavior. Given every user has a unique login pattern, this work proposes a system called Privacy Protection Against Insider Attacks (PPIA) which learns the login pattern of each user that is authenticated and employs data mining concepts to read user behavior and endeavors to detect insider attacks .Experimental results indicate that the approach is very effective and accurate..
Cancer, Natural Products and Nanodrug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ong Yong Sze , Tan Loh Teng-Hern
Published: July 2020

As an offshoot of nanotechnology, nanomedicine has made great impact in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences by achieving breakthroughs in therapeutics and diagnostics of diseases in living organisms. One of the promising breakthroughs is the application of natural product-based nanoformulations for the treatment of various human diseases, such as cancer. Principally, the nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (NDDS) aims to overcome the limitations of conventional drug delivery system. NDDS improves the in vivo pharmacological and therapeutic properties of the poorly soluble drugs by dissolving, encapsulating, absorbing and/or attaching the drugs with the matrices of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles that act as drug reservoirs also aim to control the drug release, enhance the drug uptake by targeted delivery and protect the drug against enzymatic degradation. This review presents a summary of the integration of nanotechnology and phytotherapy to achieve an improved pharmacological response and better clinical outcome in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS (QUALITYCONTROL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PRODUK YANG DIHASILKAN PADA CV BINA TEHNIK PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Kiki Erina , Lie Darwin , Efendi Efendi , Sisca Sisca
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study are: 1. To find out the description of quality control and the products quality produced at CV Bina Tehnik Pematangsiantar. 2. To find out the implementation of quality control to improve the products quality produced at CV Bina Tehnik Pematangsiantar.The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. The process of quality control in the production process applied by CV Bina Tehnik Pematangsiantar is not optimal. 2. The aesthetic and conformance dimensions of the product quality produced by CV Bina Tehnik Pematangsiantar are not optimal. 3. From the results of the histogram, irregularities or discrepancies found at the end of the QC or inspection of the final product / finished product are dominated almost 80% by 2 (two) types of non-conformity, namely the state of paint / color and the function of lights and hoses. 4. From the analysis of fishbone diagrams, it is known that the causes of irregularities are derived from raw material, human or worker factors, work methods and the environment. Keyword: Brand Image, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction
PENGEMBANGAN SDM UNGGUL BERBASIS COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sugiat Maria Apsari
Published: July 2020

Perubahan paradigma dari Human Resources menjadi Human Capital Development di era digital saat ini, mengharuskan terjadinya sinergi diantara pemangku kepentingan dalam membangun negara. Sehubungan dengan cita-cita membangun keberlanjutan masyarakat yang unggul, terdapat dua pendekatan yang berbeda dalam pelibatan pemangku kepentingan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang sukses, yaitu partisipasi dan kemitraan. Dua hal ini bentuk kolaborasi yang berbeda, perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi daerah seperti potensi SDM, potensi infrastruktur, dan potensi lainnya. Jenis pendekatan kemitraan dan kolaborasi menjadi pendekatan yang sangat ideal untuk rencana keberlanjutan masyarakat. Terutama tingkat keterlibatan yang tinggi dari pemangku kepentingan organisasi, seperti pemerintah daerah bekerjasama dengan para pemangku kepentingan dalam insiatif membangun SDM berkelanjutan. Sehingga perlu muncul collaborative strategic management dalam melibatkan pengambilan keputusan dan strategi bersama untuk memasukan ide-ide dari berbagai pemangku kepentingan ke dalam pengembangan rencana keberlanjutan masyarakat. Rencana ini melibatkan mitra utama dalam mengimplementasikan dan berkomitmen terhadap tujuan koletif dan tindakan yang akan dilaksanakan Bersama. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini bagaimana membangun SDM unggul baik dari private sector maupun public sector melalui pendekatan collaborative strategic management dan pendekatan human capital development, dengan menghasilkan beberapa temuan dan rekomendasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif, memanfaatkan data literatur dan data-data yang ada dilapangan baik online maupun offline. Hasil penelitian ini adalah rekomendasi pola kemitraan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusia unggul termasuk melibatkan pemangku kepentingan melalui collaborative strategic management, agar mencapai tujuan yang kolektif dan maju bersama.
PENGARUH SIKAP KONSUMEN DAN PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA MINI MARKET MAWAR BALIMBINGAN
Authors: Fadhila Siti , Lie Darwin , Wijaya Andy , Halim Fitria
Published: July 2020

Mini Market Mawar Balimbingan berdiri pada tahun 2002 dengan alamat Jl. Besar Tanah Jawa, Balimbingan Kecamatan Tanah Jawa. Mini Market Mawar berdiri dengan tujuan memberikan kenyamanan kepada masyarakat dalam berbelanja kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan mengambil konsep pasar yang lebih modern. Dimana kebanyakan pada saat itu masyarakat hanya mengandalkan pasar tradisional dan warung-warung terdekat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-harinya. Penulis menggunakan dua metode penelitian yaitu penelitian lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder dan dianalisis dengan uji asumsi klasik, analisis deskriptif kualitatif, dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini  adalah sikap konsumen dan persepsi konsumen berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hasil tersebut dinyatakan dalam hasil model persamaan Ŷ = 20,454 + 0,674X1 + 0,398X2 yang  artinya terdapat pengaruh positif antara sikap konsumen dan persepsi konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian pada Mini Market Mawar Balimbingan.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI MODAL KERJA PADA KOPERASI PEGAWAI REPUBLIK INDONESIA (KPRI) BETIK GAWI DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Hairudin Hairudin , Desmon Desmon
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine working capital which is a supporting factor in cooperative activities. In achieving its objectives, it is not only limited to efforts to obtain funds but also the use of funds that must be economically viable so as to achieve maximum efficiency. The analysis used in this study is the performance of the working capital turnover of cooperatives. The results of this study are reviewed from the working capital turnover ratio of cooperatives, working capital turnover ratios in service transactions and working capital turnover ratios on business transactions for employees of the Republic of Indonesia (KPRI) betik gawi city education. Department of Cooperative Bandar Lampung shows the average ineffective conditions and efficient in valuation compared to the previous year.Keywords: working capital, cooperatives, working capital efficiency
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, LEVERAGE DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Hidayat Angga , Muliasari Riri
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine and provide empirical evidence regarding the Effect of Liquidity, Leverage and Independent Commissioners on Corporate Tax Aggressiveness in the Jakarta Islamic Index 2013-2017. The number of samples in the study were 10 companies obtained using the purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria. The data used are secondary data in the form of audited annual financial statements in the period 2013 - 2017 taken from the sites www.idx.co.id and www.idx.co.id. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics, assumptions test and multiple linear regression analysis tests. The results of the study were conducted based on the T test, liquidity using the quick ratio had no effect on tax aggressiveness, leverage it affected on tax aggressiveness and for independent commissioners too it affected tax aggressiveness. The results of the study are based on the F test, simultaneously liquidity and independent commissioners influence the aggressiveness of corporate taxes.
Further insights into the operation of the Chinese number system: Competing effects of Arabic and Mandarin number formats
Authors: Quinlan Philip T. , Cohen Dale J. , Liu Xingyu
Published: July 2020

Here we report the results of a speeded relative quantity task with Chinese participants. On each trial a single numeral (the probe) was presented and the instructions were to respond as to whether it signified a quantity less than or greater than five (the standard). In separate blocks of trials, the numerals were presented either in Mandarin or in Arabic number formats. In addition to the standard influence of numerical distance, a significant predictor of performance was the degree of physical similarity between the probe and the standard as depicted in Mandarin. Additionally, competing effects of physical similarity, defined in terms of the Arabic number format, were also found. Critically the size of these different effects of physical similarity varied systematically across individuals such that larger effects of one compensated for smaller effects of the other. It is argued that the data favor accounts of processing that assume that different number formats access different format-specific representations of quantities. Moreover, for Chinese participants the default is to translate numerals into a Mandarin format prior to accessing quantity information. The efficacy of this translation process is itself influenced by a competing tendency to carry out a translation into Arabic format.
LAS MEDIDAS DE TENDENCIA CENTRAL EN LIBROS DE TEXTO DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Díaz-Levicoy Danilo , Morales-Garcia Lizzet , Rodríguez-Alveal Francisco
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se describen los principales resultados de analizar las actividades en que intervienen las medidas de tendencia central en libros de texto de Educación Primaria en México. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de contenido en los libros de 4º, 5º y 6º de primaria que entrega la Secretaría de Educación Pública y los de una editorial privada, seis textos en total. Los resultados muestran el predominio de la media aritmética y la moda, la tarea de calcular, el uso de las representaciones de listado de datos y tabla de datos y el contexto personal; en el caso de la forma de trabajo, ésta depende de la editorial. Se observa la necesidad de aumentar la cantidad de las actividades sugeridas en los libros de texto.Palabras clave: Libro de texto. Media aritmética. Moda. Mediana. Actividades.As medidas de tendência central nos livros didáticos da Educação Primária no MéxicoResumoEste trabalho descreve os principais resultados da análise das atividades nas quais medidas de tendência central intervêm nos livros didáticos da educação primária no México. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo nos livros da 4ª, 5ª e 6ª séries do ensino fundamental distribuídos pela Secretaria da Educação Pública, e nos de uma editora privada, num total de seis textos. Os resultados mostram a predominância da média aritmética e da moda, a tarefa de calcular, o uso das representações de lista de dados e tabela de dados e o contexto pessoal; no caso da forma de trabalho, depende da editora. Observa-se a necessidade de aumentar o número de atividades sugeridas nos livros didáticos.Palavras chave: Livro didático. Média aritmética. Moda. Mediana. Atividades.Measures of central tendency in textbooks of Primary Education from MexicoAbstractThis article describes the main results of analyzing the activities in which the central tendency measures in Mexican textbooks of Primary Education are involved. To do this, a content analysis is carried out in books of 4th, 5th and 6th grade of primary education provided by the Public Education Secretariat and also those provided by a private publishing house, making six texts in total. The results show the predominance of the arithmetic mean and the mode, the calculating task, the use of data list representations and data table and the personal context; regarding the way of work, it depends on the publisher. The need to increase the amount of suggested activities in textbooks is observed.Keywords: Textbook. Arithmetic mean. Mode. Median. Activities.
CUATRO DÉCADAS DE LA REVISTA PARADIGMA. Producción, Autoría, Filiación Institucional y Distribución Geográfica
Authors: Villegas Ma. Margarita , González Fredy Enrique , Vincentelli Herminia
Published: July 2020

En este artículo, además de una breve síntesis cuantitativa de los artículos publicados en Paradigma desde su primera edición (julio de 1980) hasta la actualidad (junio de 2020), se realiza un análisis del contenido de la edición con la cual esta publicación conmemora su cuadragésimo aniversario, en función de los siguientes parámetros: autoría, filiación institucional y distribución geográfica de los 42 artículos que conforman dicha edición. El estudio se sustenta teóricamente en las nociones propias de la comunicación científica y la apreciación de la calidad de las publicaciones periódicas académicas. Metodológicamente, se trata de un estudio documental que usó como corpus el Índice Acumulado (1980-2020) de la revista y los resúmenes de los 42 artículos. Para el examen de la información cuantitativa se aplicaron técnicas simples de contaje de frecuencia, mientras que la información cualitativa fue obtenida a través de la lectura del resumen de cada trabajo. De los autores se destaca, la predominancia del género femenino (62,35%); la pertenencia a diferentes áreas disciplinarias, así como su afiliación a 45 instituciones, de las cuales 43 son universidades, ubicadas en 12 países (2 europeos, 1 asiático, 8 latinoamericanos y EEUU). Todo ello, resalta la visibilidad de Paradigma; evidenciándose así, la importancia de las revistas como medio para el estudio y justificación de la inversión en ciencia que se hace en las instituciones de educación superior y, para este caso, las vinculadas con la formación de profesores.
THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND PROACTIVE PERSONALITY ON AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT: MEDIATING ROLE OF PROSOCIAL MOTIVATION
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Elahi Natasha Saman , Abid Ghulam , Butt Matti Ullah
Published: July 2020

Purpose – The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on prosocial motivation. Furthermore, it looks upon the influence of prosocial motivation on affective commitment. The indirect effect of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on affective commitment through prosocial motivation is also examined. Research methodology – The self-administered survey questionnaires are utilised for collecting the data from the service sector employees. Data were analyzed by using Process Macros on an actual sample of 221. Findings – Results indicate that perceived organizational support and proactive personality are the drivers of prosocial motivation. Likewise, prosocial motivation is positively associated with affective commitment. Besides, the indirect effect of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on affective commitment through prosocial motivation is significant. Research limitations – This study is conducted in the specific culture and the organizational context of Pakistan (Lahore). Data of all study variables are collected from the employees (single source) and at one point in time. Practical implications – The study findings suggested that organizations should always provide support to their employees that encourage them to show more desire to help their colleagues in the working environment and fosters their commitment towards their organization. Originality/Value – It is the first study that examines the indirect impact of POS and proactive personality on affective commitment via prosocial motivation.
Visual Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries with the CHARA Array. III. HD 8374 and HD 24546
Authors: Lester Kathryn V. , Fekel Francis C. , Muterspaugh Matthew , Gies Douglas R. , Schaefer Gail H. , Farrington Christopher D. , Guo Zhao , Matson Rachel A. , Monnier John D. , ten Brummelaar Theo , Sturmann Judit , Weiss Samuel A.
Published: July 2020

We present the visual orbits of two long-period spectroscopic binary stars, HD 8374 and HD 24546, using interferometric observations acquired with the CHARA Array and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. We also obtained new radial velocities from echelle spectra using the APO 3.5 m and Fairborn 2.0 m telescopes. By combining the visual and spectroscopic observations, we solve for the full, three-dimensional orbits and determine the stellar masses and distances to within 3% uncertainty. We then estimate the effective temperature and radius of each component star through Doppler tomography and spectral energy distribution analyses, in order to compare the observed stellar parameters to the predictions of stellar evolution models. For HD 8374, we find masses of M
1 = 1.636 ± 0.050M
⊙ and M
2 = 1.587 ± 0.049M
⊙, radii of R
1 = 1.84 ± 0.05R
⊙ and R
2 = 1.66 ± 0.12R
⊙, temperatures of

K and

K, and an estimated age of 1.0 Gyr. For HD 24546, we find masses of M
1 = 1.434 ± 0.014M
⊙ and M
2 = 1.409 ± 0.014M
⊙, radii of R
1 = 1.67 ± 0.06R
⊙ and R
2 = 1.60 ± 0.10R
⊙, temperatures of

K and

K, and an estimated age of 1.4 Gyr. HD 24546 is therefore too old to be a member of the Hyades cluster, despite its physical proximity to the group.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). III. Discovery of a z = 4.72 Radio Galaxy with the Lyman Break Technique
Authors: Yamashita Takuji , Nagao Tohru , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Toba Yoshiki , Kajisawa Masaru , Ono Yoshiaki , Tanaka Masayuki , Akiyama Masayuki , Harikane Yuichi , Ichikawa Kohei , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Kawamuro Taiki , Kohno Kotaro , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lee Kianhong , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Niida Mana , Ogura Kazuyuki , Onoue Masafusa , Uchiyama Hisakazu
Published: July 2020

We report a discovery of a z = 4.72 radio galaxy, HSC J083913.17+011308.1, using the Lyman break technique with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey (HSC-SSP) catalog for Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeter radio sources. The number of known high-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) at z > 3 is quite small to constrain the evolution of HzRGs so far. The deep and wide-area optical survey by HSC-SSP enables us to apply the Lyman break technique to a large search for HzRGs. For an HzRG candidate among pre-selected r-band dropouts with a radio detection, a follow-up optical spectroscopy with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS)/Gemini has been performed. The obtained spectrum presents a clear Lyα emission line redshifted to z = 4.72. The spectral energy distribution fitting analysis with the rest-frame UV and optical photometries suggests the massive nature of this HzRG with

. The small equivalent width of Lyα and the moderately red UV colors indicate its dusty host galaxy, implying a chemically evolved and dusty system. The radio spectral index does not meet a criterion for an ultra-steep spectrum,

of −1.1 and

of −0.9, demonstrating that the HSC-SSP survey compensates for a subpopulation of HzRGs that are missed in surveys focusing on an ultra-steep spectral index.
Velocity Gradient in the Presence of Self-gravity: Identifying Gravity-induced Inflow and Determining Collapsing Stage
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A. , Yuen Ka Ho
Published: July 2020

Understanding how star formation is regulated requires studying the energy balance between turbulence, magnetic fields, stellar feedback, and gravity within molecular clouds. However, identifying the transition region where the gravity takes over remains elusive. Recent studies of the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), which is an advanced tool for magnetic field studies, reveal that the gradients of spectroscopic observables change their directions by 90° with respect to the magnetic fields in the regions of gravitational collapse. In this study, we perform 3D MHD numerical simulations. We observe that star formation successfully proceeds in strongly magnetized and fully ionized media. We confirm that the self-gravity induces the change of gradients’ orientation and gradients’ high amplitude. We explore two ways of identifying collapsing self-gravitating regions through the double-peak feature in the histogram of gradients’ orientation and the curvature of gradients. We show that velocity gradients’ morphology and amplitude can be synthetically used to trace the convergent inflows. By comparing with the column density Probability Density Functions method, we show that VGT is a powerful new tool for studying the gas dynamics and tracing magnetic field in star-forming regions. By analogy with VGT, we extend the Intensity Gradient Technique (IGT) to locate the gravitational collapsing region and shocks. We demonstrate that the synergy of VGT and IGT can determine the collapsing stages in a star-forming region.
L’attaque de pierre de la Ramée contre la rhétorique antique
Authors: van der Poel Marc
Published: July 2020

Cet article offre une analyse succincte des œuvres critiques de Ramus contre les deux grands rhéteurs de l’ancienne Rome, Cicéron et Quintilien, les Brutinae Quaestiones in Oratorem Ciceronis de 1547 et les Rhetoricae Distinctiones in Quintilianum de 1549. Ces œuvres se présentent comme des commentaires textuels, mais elles ne constituent pas une contribution substantielle à l’étude philologique des deux traités antiques. Elles semblent plutôt avoir pour but de montrer que, selon Ramus, la rhétorique ne concerne que l’élocution et l’action, et que la séparation stricte des arts du Trivium au niveau de la théorie est la seule méthode appropriée pour les enseigner.
Histoire et philosophie des mathématiques chez Pierre de la Ramée
Authors: Loget François
Published: July 2020

L’œuvre mathématique de La Ramée est constituée d’ouvrages publiés tout au long de sa carrière. Les éditions abrégées des Éléments d'Euclide, ses manuels d’arithmétique et de géométrie plusieurs fois remaniés, un court traité d’algèbre ainsi que les Scholae mathematicae de 1569 sont autant d’ouvrages dans lequels il met en œuvre une réforme des mathématiques héritées et de leur enseignement. Des justifications de cette réforme apparaissent dans les trois livres d’un Prooemium mathematicum portant sur l’histoire des mathématiques, la défense de leur « utilité » et une critique sévère de l’exposé euclidien. Pour autant, l’œuvre mathématique de La Ramée ne doit pas être mise à part de l’œuvre philosophique qu’il élabore par ailleurs. Dans cet article, je m’efforce de le montrer en m’interrogeant d’abord sur les raisons qui ont poussé La Ramée à se tourner, au début de sa carrière, vers les mathématiques ; l’examen du livre I du Prooemium mathematicum me permet ensuite d’examiner le rôle que jouent Platon, Aristote et Euclide dans son histoire des mathématiques. Finalement, je suis amené, en abordant la critique raméenne de l’ «  abstraction » pythagoricienne, à chercher dans les éditions de la Dialectica et les Scholae in liberales artes les éléments d’une « philosophie des mathématiques » – conception originale de la nature des objets mathématiques et de la façon dont on accède à leur connaissance – qui offre une certaine lumière sur la réforme des mathématiques qu’entreprend La Ramée.
Network Meta-analysis of No-History Methods to Calculate Intraocular Lens Power in Eyes With Previous Myopic Laser Refractive Surgery
Authors: Wen Daizong , Yu Jinjin , Zeng Zhenhai , McAlinden Colm , Hu Liang , Feng Ke , Wang Yiran , Song Benhao , Chen Sisi , Ning Rui , Jin Yili , Wang Qinmei , Yu A-Yong , Huang Jinhai
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:

To systematically compare and rank the predictability of no-history intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation methods after myopic laser refractive surgery.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the U.S. trial registry (
www.ClinicalTrial.gov
) were used to systematically search trials published up to August 2019. Included were case series studies reporting the following outcomes in patients with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification after laser refractive surgery: percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error (PE) within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopters (D), mean absolute error (MAE), and median absolute error (MedAE). A network meta-analysis was conducted using the STATA software version 13.1 (STATACorp LLC).

RESULTS:

Nineteen studies involving 1,098 eyes and 19 formulas were identified. A network meta-analysis for the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D found that ray-tracing (Okulix), intraoperative aberrometry (Optiwave Refractive Analysis [ORA]), BESSt, and Seitz/Speicher/Savini (Triple-S) (D-K SRK/T), and Fourier-Domain OCT-Based formulas were more predictive than the Wang/Koch/Maloney, Shammas-PL, modified Rosa, Ferrara, and Equivalent K reading at 4.5 mm using the Double-K Holladay 1 formulas. With regard to ranking, the top four formulas as per the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values for the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D were the Okulix, ORA, BESSt, and Triple-S (D-K SRK/T). With regard to MAE, the ORA showed lower errors when compared to the Shammas-PL formula. In this regard, the top four formulas based on the SUCRA values were the Triple-S, BESSt, ORA, and Fourier-Domain OCT-Based formulas. The SToP (SRK/T), ORA, Fourier-Domain OCT-Based, and BESSt formulas had the lowest MedAE.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering all three outcome measures of highest percentages of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D, lowest MAE, and lowest MedAE, the top three no-history formulas for IOL power calculation in eyes with previous myopic corneal laser refractive surgery were: ORA, BESSt, and Triple-S (D-K SRK/T).

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):481–490.]
Cu(OAc)2 as a green promoter for one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyridine- 3-carbonitrile as antibacterial agents
Authors: Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh , Khabnadideh Soghra , Gholami Ahmad , Zamani Leila , Zamani Leila , Nezamalhosseini Seyed Mohammad , Kalantari Nematallah
Published: July 2020

The extensive use of antimicrobial drugs and their resistance against bacterial infections have led to discover new antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we wish to report, one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives (1a-14a). These compounds were synthesized in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 as a highly effective heterogeneous acid catalyst. Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against different species of microorganisms including gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Standard antimicrobial methods include disc diffusion and Broth microdilution method according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were done via reaction of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone derivatives, malononitrile and ammonium acetate in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 under reflux condition. The results show compound 2-amino-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (10a) had the best antimicrobial efficacy toward C. albicans, E. faecalis, P. aeroginosa and E. coli. In conclusion, comparing the structure and activity of the compounds (10a), this compound with the presence of Cl residue at para-position of phenyl ring improves the antibacterial and antifungal activity.

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 149-156.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.14
Storage Temperature Influences Postharvest Quality of Wild Plum (Ximmenia Americana L.) Fruit
Authors: Emongor V. E. , Ramagonono G.
Published: July 2020

Wild plum has many medicinal, therapeutic and nutritive uses, but its fruits are collected in the wild and less researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage tem­perature on postharvest fruit quality of wild plum. The fruits of wild plum were subjected to different storage treatments at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ± 1°C in a completely randomized design. The results showed that as storage temperature decreased below 15°C, the incidence and severity of chilling injury significantly (p<0.05) increased. As storage temperature increased from 0 to 15°C fruit titratable acidity (TTA) and vitamin C content significantly (p< 0.05) decreased, but juice pH, soluble solids content (SSC) and weight loss significantly (p< 0.05) increased. The decrease in TTA and vitamin C content, and increase in SSC and juice pH was attributed to fruit ripening. The increase in fruit weight loss was attributed to higher transpiration and respiration. It was concluded that to extend the storage-life and marketing period of wild plum fruits, the fruits should be stored at 15°C and 90-95% RH.

Keywords: Ximenia americana, Chilling injury and incidence, Vitamin C, Soluble solids content, Acidity
Prevalence of Giardia species in Cattle Faecal Matter in Selected Farms in Weija and Kpong Major Water Supply Heads to Accra, Ghana.
Authors: Mensah G. T. , Annang A. K. , Ayeh-Kumi P. F. , Oppong J. A. , Niampoma S.
Published: July 2020

In developing countries including Ghana, giardiasis plays a major role in gastroenteritis in vertebrate. It poses health and socio-economic burden, and continues to be one of the causes of infant and calf mortality. Their infection continues to thrive in humans due to the zoonotic transmission of infected domesticated animals including cattle, dogs and cats, and their con­tinual presence in water bodies. The objective of this study was to establish their presence and evaluate the prevalence of Giardia sp. in cattle faecal matter in the environment in the Kpong and Weija communities. The Iron-haematoxylin staining techniques was used to analyze the faecal samples in order to identify Giardia sp. (Student t- test and Chi square were the statistical analyses) used for the studies. About five percent (5.3%) prevalence was obtained in both com­munities and this was significant (p> 0.05). The parasite was found to be most prevalent (9.4%) in calves less than 3 months old and this decreased with age of calf. It was also observed that Giardia plays an important role in the cause of diarrhoea in cattle. There is the need to educate people on the disease and its implication on the quality of water from the treatment plants.

Keywords: Giardia sp, water, contamination, diarrhoea, infant mortality.
Patterns of chronic illness among older patients attending a university hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Faronbi Joel O. , Ademuyiwa Iyabo Y. , Olaogun Adenike A.
Published: July 2020

Background: The rising burden of chronic diseases has attracted the attention of public health researchers and policymakers worldwide.

Objectives: To assess the demographic, morbidity and outcome patterns of chronic illness among the older patients at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Design: Retrospective study

Setting: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Participants: Seven hundred and eighty-eight (788) adults (60 years and over) hospitalized between 2010 and 2014 in the hospital.

Interventions: None

Results: The age of the selected study population ranged from 60 to 99 years with a mean of 76.08(±10.42). More than half (53.0%) were between 60–69 years, with a subsequent decline. Male patients accounted for 64.0%, but females were more frequent among patients 80 years and older. The most common health conditions were heart diseases (22.5%), neoplasm (13.2%), cerebrovascular accident (12.4%), and gastrointestinal diseases (14.5%). The records showed that 14.9% were referred to other institution for various reasons (including further management, lack of space, industrial action by workers, discharged against medical advice or dead).

Conclusion: Heart diseases were the major chronic illnesses among the older adults followed by neoplasm conditions, while musculoskeletal conditions were the least. It also found that there was a poor outcome of conditions amongolder adults in this setting. Therefore, efforts should be made towards the prevention and reduction of chronic illnesses, as well as improving the outcome of care.

Keywords: chronic diseases, older adults, health care, retrospective, demographic

Funding: Doctoral Fellowship from Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa
Physical activity levels among Malawian adults living with HIV and receiving anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Chisati Enock
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDespite increasing life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), anti-retroviral therapy (ART) side effects, HIV chronic inflammation and co-morbidities may limit functional abilities and reduced participation in exercises and physical activity (PA). PA improves wellbeing and overall quality of life of PLWHIV. In Malawi, there is paucity of information regarding PA levels among Malawians living with HIV and receiving ART. Therefore, this study aimed at determining PA levels among PLWHIV and receiving ART in Malawi.

MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Eligible participants were male and female adults aged 18–45 years living with HIV receiving ART for at least 1 year. The participants were recruited from Limbe Health Center, Gateway Health Center and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the PA levels. A Stadiometer (HS-DBS00361, Model: 1127154) was used to measure weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants.

ResultsA total of 213 participants were recruited. There were more females than male participants (n=132 females). Overall, the mean age of all participants was 37±6.5 years and they were within normal body weight (BMI=23±4.0). Many participants (n=85, 40%) had low PA levels followed by those who were moderately physically active (n=75, 36%). A larger proportion of the female participants (51%) had low PA levels compared to males (22%). Forty-two percent of participants with 1–3 years of ART had low PA whereas 39% with >3 years ART had low PA.

ConclusionMost PLWHIV and receiving ART in the sample have low PA levels. The study has also revealed that proportionally more females than males had low PA levels.
Uso de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas entre discentes do curso de Medicina
Authors: Rodrigues Amanda Lopes Maia , Leão Jaqueline Azevedo , Morais Luiz Sabaa Srur
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas entre universitários do curso de Medicina, identificando os fatores que influenciam a utilização dessas substâncias. Método: Caracteriza-se como um estudo transversal, descritivo e observacional, do qual participaram 141 acadêmicos, correspondente àqueles cursando do primeiro ao oitavo período, cujos dados foram obtidos através da aplicação do questionário ASSIST – OMS Vs 3.1 e de questionário próprio para variáveis independentes. Resultados: 58,2% dos entrevistados pertenciam ao sexo feminino, em média com 20 anos de idade, cursando o 2º ano em sua maioria (30,5%). 51,1% relataram fazer uso de substâncias psicoativas, 26,2% já terem feito uso e 22,7% nunca terem utilizado. 59,63% apontou influência da faculdade de medicina no início ou aumento da utilização. A prevalência do consumo foi maior entre acadêmicos do sexo masculino e de semestres mais avançados, e menor entre os praticantes de atividades religiosas. O álcool foi a substância mais consumida, seguida de tabaco e maconha, sendo a necessidade de intervenção psicológica breve evidenciada em 36,1%, 42,9% e 46,2% desses usuários, respectivamente. Conclusão: Observa-se uma alta prevalência de utilização de substâncias psicoativas, especialmente de álcool, tabaco e maconha, cujo consumo pode ser incentivado desde o início do curso. Ainda, observou-se que uma parcela considerável dos estudantes necessita de intervenção psicológica breve acerca do uso a fim de prevenir danos cognitivos e impactos negativos na prática clínica e no aconselhamento dos pacientes.
Students’ learning performance and acceptance of web 2.0 technologies based on media richness properties
Authors: Peñalba Ericson
Published: July 2020

The selection of a communication channel for the performance of learning tasks is likely to affect how information and knowledge can be effectively transmitted. Anchored on the media richness theory, this study employed quasi-experimental design to examine the influence of media richness properties on learning performance user acceptance of web 2.0 technologies as learning tools. The quasi-experiment, which took place over eight weeks, was carried out with 100 undergraduate students who were assigned to two experimental groups (Facebook-based learning condition and Blogger-based learning condition) and a control group (paper-based learning condition). A focus group discussion was also done to reveal the participants’ insights after using web 2.0 technologies in performing the assigned learning activities.  No significant differences existed among the three learning conditions in terms of learning performance and between the two experimental conditions as regards user acceptance. Such findings indicate that the learning performance achieved from using the learning tools was perceived to be the same regardless of the features they offered. All groups may also have equal perceived level of usefulness and ease of use afforded by the learning mediums despite variations in their features.
Burnout docente: un análisis bibliométrico sobre la producción científica indexada en Scopus
Authors: Martín Mariel Cecilia , Rubio González Laura , Morón Marchena Juan Agustín , Cobos Sanchiz David
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Las modificaciones técnicas y organizativas del ámbito laboral ocasionan la aparición de riesgos psicosociales emergentes. La profesión docente constituye una profesión de riesgo en la que se refieren riesgos psicosociales, singularmente el Burnout. Objetivos: Conocer la productividad diacrónica de los veinte últimos años sobre Burnout y Burnout en la Enseñanza. Verificar si se cumple la Ley de Price. Determinar qué países son los que produ­cen más documentos científicos sobre el tema abordado. Señalar cuáles son las áreas temáticas principales y las revistas dominantes en las que se enmarcan las publicaciones. Establecer las conexiones entre los distintos descriptores relacionados con las keywords analizadas. Métodos: Se ha desarrollado un estudio bibliométrico descriptivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por documentos indexados en la base de datos Scopus. Las unidades de análisis fueron las palabras clave, extraídas de forma automática. Con las mismas se crearon mapas bibliométricos aplicando una metodología basada en análisis de co-palabras, técnicas de agrupamiento o clustering y técnicas de visualización. Conclusiones: Se constata que la temática analizada es un frente de investigación multidisciplinar de plena actualidad y que la producción científica se encuentra altamente concentrada. Se ha constatado que los mapas bibliométricos constituyen un instrumento adecuado para comprender la estructura temática de este tópico de investigación.
La renta mínima garantizada como medida estructural del sistema de seguridad social en la “sociedad del riesgo"
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis
Published: July 2020

La pobreza severa y la expansión de las situaciones de exclusión social y la desestandarización de las carreras y trayectorias del empleo y del aseguramiento han determinado la creación jurídica de diversos mecanismos de mínimos garantizados de ingresos condicionados, cuya fórmula más generalizada –aunque con distintas denominaciones técnicas de instrumentalización o materialización jurídica- ha sido la renta mínima, la cual combina una doble lógica reparadora y de reinserción profesional. Los mecanismos o instrumentos de protección tradicionales se muestran insuficientes. Pero en España el modelo vigente es invertebrado y falto de homogeneidad y racionalización en todos los órdenes (prestaciones, requisitos, modos de gestión, etcétera). Esto ha aconsejado el establecimiento de una renta mínima de nivel estatal, denominada legalmente “Ingreso Mínimo Vital”.
Biophysical controls of marsh soil shear strength along an estuarine salinity gradient
Authors: Gillen Megan N. , Messerschmidt Tyler C. , Kirwan Matthew L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, and wave erosion threaten coastal marshes, but the influence of salinity on marsh erodibility remains poorly understood. We measured the shear strength of marsh soils along a salinity and biodiversity gradient in the York River estuary in Virginia to assess the direct and indirect impacts of salinity on marsh erodibility. We found that soil shear strength was higher in monospecific salt marshes (5–36 kPa) than biodiverse freshwater marshes (4–8 kPa), driven by differences in belowground biomass and rooting structure. However, we also found that shear strength at the marsh edge was controlled by sediment characteristics, rather than vegetation or salinity, suggesting that inherent relationships may be obscured in more dynamic environments. Our results indicate that freshwater marsh soils are weaker than salt marsh soils, and suggest that salinization of freshwater marshes may lead to simultaneous losses in biodiversity and erodibility.
Invasiveness, ecological impacts and control of acacias in southwestern Europe – a review
Authors: Vieites-Blanco Cristina , González-Prieto Serafín J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The most prolific acacias in southern Europe (Acacia dealbata, A. melanoxylon and A. longifolia) are rapidly
spreading in its westernmost area: Portugal and NW Spain, where congeners
with invasion potential are already established. We performed a
bibliographic search of acacia invasions in southern Europe and used spatial
data on acacia distribution and abiotic parameters in Iberia to check the
influence of abiotic factors on acacia invasion. According to our results,
in Iberia A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon seem limited by high soil pH (pHCaCl2>5.5),
frequent frosts (>21 to 40 d yr−1) and low annual
precipitation (<500 to 1000 mm); data were inconclusive for A. longifolia, while A. saligna
prefers neutral soils in the driest and warmest areas. The percentage of
area occupied by A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon increases significantly with the percentage of burnt
surface. In the literature, acacias' invasiveness is usually attributed to
their high resprouting and seeding capacity and to native exclusion through
their allelopathic potential; symbiotic promiscuity with rhizobia; high
environmental plasticity; and adaptation to burnt, cleared and resource-poor
land. However, it is unknown how acacias became so invasive in western
Iberia, where native Fabaceae shrubs with similar ecological traits (and
invaders outside their natural range) are abundant. Invasive acacias can
modify fire and water regimes, aboveground biodiversity, and topsoil
characteristics (microbial communities, pH, organic matter and
macronutrients levels); nevertheless, sound comparisons with mature stands
of Iberian legumes for these and other soil properties (N fluxes,
micronutrients) are lacking. As several acacias outcompete Iberian Fabaceae shrubs
partly thanks to enemy release, the introduction of biocontrol agents (as
for A. longifolia in Portugal) can be useful for invasion control.
America, Biblical Religion, and Covenantalism
Authors: Loseke Ezekiel ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Steven D. Smith’s Pagans and Christians in the City is an important and unique contribution to the vast literature on the American culture war. Smith’s distinction between immanent and transcendent religion refines and deepens James Davidson Hunter’s famous analysis of this conflict. As illuminating as this volume is, however, it fails to fully appreciate the religious dimension of the American founding. Specifically, Smith does not acknowledge or account for the covenantal nature of the American founding, and thus does not recognize the full degree to which the American experiment was informed by the transcendent religions of the Western world, namely, Judaism and Christianity.
In Defense of Christian Exceptionalism
Authors: Varacalli Thomas F. X. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Steven D. Smith persuasively shows that paganism and Christianity are in a culture war that spans two thousand years. Throughout his book, he shows that Christianity is the exceptional religion in three ways. First, Christianity is more authentically open to philosophy than paganism. Second, Christianity does not sacralize the State. Third, Christianity provides a more fulfilling understanding of sexual ethics. Despite the exceptionalism of Christianity, it is currently facing a significant challenge from a renewed and secularized paganism. This secularized paganism is attractive due to the fallibility of human nature. However, Christianity’s theology and intellectual tradition provide meaningful answers and rebuttals to paganism’s more sensual claims.
Ama et labora
Authors: Therrien Mark ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

In Laborem exercens, Pope St. John Paul II proposes some fundamental “Elements for a Spirituality of Work.” In thinking about the future development of a theologically robust “Spirituality of Work,” this paper explores Augustine’s theology of labor. It frames its examination by setting forth the philosophical evaluation of labor contemporary to Augustine. It then appraises the different facets of Augustine’s teaching on labor in De opere monachorum. Finally, it looks to his De Genesi ad literam for a more developed account of labor, which is grounded (ultimately) in the very being of God, who himself labors in his creation.