bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dzieje pojęcia „folklor” w polskim dyskursie humanistycznym
Authors: Sobczyk Urszula
Published: February 2020

Termin folklor jest jednym z najmniej precyzyjnych i funkcjonalnych pojęć polskiej humanistyki. Użycie do analizy jego ruchu, metody historii pojęć w ujęciu Reinharta Kosellecka, umożliwia uchwycenie zmian obsługiwanych przez nie znaczeń oraz związanych z nimi horyzontów ludzkich doświadczeń – od pierwszych folklorystów badających „wiedzę ludu” w czasie  szczytowego rozwoju jego kultury, poprzez działających w PRL-u badaczy folkloru wtórnego, rozumianego jako ludowa twórczość artystyczna, po autorów współczesnych, podkreślających jego nieoficjalny, interspołeczny oraz powszechny charakter.
Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec regionów najbardziej oddalonych
Authors: Panciszko Barbara
Published: February 2020

W artykule zaprezentowane zostanie podejście Unii Europejskiej do regionów oddalonych. Bazą do rozważań nad ewolucją tej polityki będzie podanie defi nicji i krótka charakterystyka tychże regionów (położenie, ludność, poziom rozwoju gospodarczego – dominujące sektory gospodarki oraz bariery rozwoju) oraz zestawienie tych danych z sytuacją na kontynencie. Następnie omówione zostaną podstawy traktatowe, cele oraz wysokość środków fi nansowych przeznaczonych na ich realizację. W ujęciu historycznym zaprezentowana zostanie zmiana podejścia w realizacji polityki regionalnej oraz spójności w tych regionach poprzez analizę aktów prawnych wydawanych przez instytucje Unii Europejskiej.
Rozwój sztuki chrześcijańskiej w Japonii do połowy XIX stulecia
Authors: Kędrak Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

W 1549 r. do Japonii przybył pierwszy Jezuita - Franciszek Ksawery. Data ta rozpoczyna okres zwany „chrześcĳ ańskim stuleciem”. Sztuka służyła misjonarzom w propagowaniu chrześcĳ aństwa, przełamywaniu barier językowych i kulturowej przepaści. W 1590 r. w Japonii powstało seminarium, gdzie kopiowano europejskie dzieła i szkolono nowe pokolenie rodzimych artystów. Chrześcĳ aństwo zaczęło być jednak postrzegane jako potencjalne zagrożenie dla nowej władzy. Pierwszy edykt anty- chrześcĳański powstał już w 1587 r., a w 1614 r. wszyscy misjonarze zostali ofi cjalnie wygnani. Chrześcĳanie musieli pozostać w ukryciu, a chrześcĳańską ikonografi ę skrywać pod pozorami buddyzmu lub shintō.
Dyplomacja prewencyjna w świetle agresji Iraku na Kuwejt w ₁₉₉₀ roku. Sukces czy porażka Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych?
Authors: Stachowiak Łukasz
Published: February 2020

Cel artykułu stanowi przybliżenie koncepcji dyplomacji prewencyjnej Narodów Zjednoczonych, przedstawianie działań mających zapobiec agresji w 1990, a także przedstawienie wpływu konfliktu na system sankcji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Istotą artykułu jest zobrazowanie dyplomacji, jako potencjalnego mechanizmu umożlwiającego realizację zadań i celów ONZ. Odpowiednie wykorzystanie presji, nacisków i sankcji może wzmocnić mechanizm bezpieczeństwa zbiorowego. W przeciwieństwie do operacji wymuszania pokoju, koncepcja może pochłonąć znacznie mniejsze nakłady. Zwrócono uwagę nie tylko na niewystarczalność dotychczasowego systemu zapobiegania, w świetle konfliktu iracko-kuwejckiego, ale także w okresie poprzedzającym oraz pokonfliktowym. W ostatniej części pracy wyszczególniono implikacje niewłaściwego wykorzystania sankcji oraz przedstawiono sukcesora polityki zapobiegania stosowanej w latach dziewięćdziesiątych – koncepcję sankcji selektywnych.
Czy to jeszcze sztuka? Dylematy współczesnej estetyki
Authors: Góra Sylwia
Published: February 2020

Niniejszy artykuł pokazuje kilka z najważniejszych w wieku XX i XXI problemów z jakimi musi się zmierzyć estetyka. Czy wciąż może ona być „partnerem” dla sztuki współczesnej? Czy potrafi ją zrozumieć, opisać i wyjaśnić odbiorcy? A może już nie na tym polega jej rola? Artykuł przybliża początek problemów estetyki związanych z brakiem porozumienia ze sztuką, na przykładzie rozważań polskiej krytyk sztuki i dyrektor licznych muzeów sztuki współczesnej Anny Marii Potockiej. Oprócz teoretycznych rozważań niniejsza praca próbuje również zobrazować dylematy współczesnej sztuki na przykładzie konkretnych działań artystycznych w Muzeum Sztuki Współczesnej w Krakowie.
Czy rzeczywiście szata nie zdobi człowieka? Przejawy mody celtyckiej w elementach stroju kobiecego na ziemiach polskich w I w. p.n.e.
Authors: Stopczyk Anna
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszej pracy jest omówienie wybranych zabytków archeologicznych stanowiących ozdoby i elementy stroju kobiecego z terenów Polski w I w. p.n.e., które stylistycznie nawiązują do zabytków kultury lateńskiej. Rozpatrywane ozdoby i elementy stroju pochodzą z grobów kobiecych odnotowanych na stanowiskach kultur przeworskiej i oksywskiej. W niniejszej pracy podjęta została próba interpretacji analizowanych zabytków oraz zobrazowano kontekst ich występowania. Rozważania zawarte w artykule są przyczynkiem do badań nad znaczeniem złożonych oddziaływań kultury lateńskiej na ziemiach polskich w młodszym okresie przedrzymskim.
Miłość w cieniu Śmierci. O wybranych lirykach Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego
Authors: Spyra Paweł Józef
Published: February 2020

Artykuł podejmuje próbę kontekstualnej interpretacji wybranych liryków Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego o zabarwieniu erotycznym. Kontekst biografi czny i historyczny odcisnął niebywałe piętno na dorobku poety. W lirykach erotycznych obok beztroskich, baśniowych scenerii z biegiem czasu pojawiają się coraz wyraźniejsze i groźniejsze symptomy straszliwej rzeczywistości wojny i okupacji. W tych wierszach miłość współistnieje ze śmiercią. Poeta szuka ocalenia i odtworzenia pierwotnego świata natury. Zostaje jednak pokonany przez złowrogie mechanizmy historii.
Dwie podróże. O powieściach Dziesięć „polskich” dni Henri’ego Raczymowa i Nie pojedziemy zobaczyć Auschwitz Jérémiego Dresa
Authors: Ciarkowska Anna
Published: February 2020

Artykuł jest próbą zestawienia relacji z podróży do Polski – powieści graficznej Nie pojedziemy zobaczyć Auschwitz  Jérémiego Dresa oraz mikropowieści Henri’ego Raczymowa Dziesięć „polskich” dni i pokazania za ich pośrednictwem dwóch różnych sposobów budowania pamięci żydowskich emigrantów we Francji. Skontrastowanie dwóch różnych pokoleń postpamięci i dwóch różnych spojrzeń na Warszawę, Kraków, „żydowska Polskę”, pozwala na zaobserwowanie trans-generacyjnych przekształceń, jakie zachodzą w strukturze pamięci i ich przełożenia na sposób narracji.
Analiza fotograficznego medium w cyklu autoportretów Pawła Żaka pt. Bliski znajomy
Authors: Mazela Anna
Published: February 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza cyklu fotografi i Pawła Żaka pt. Bliski znajomy, a dzięki temu odkrycie również istoty fotografii  i jako fenomenu kulturowego. P. Żak jest artystą, któremu dokumentalizm fotografi i nie wystarcza, używa więc metafory zwierciadła do ukazania gry, jaka toczy się między osobą i jej lustrzanym odbiciem, a także między poszczególnymi zdjęciami. Cały cykl z 2004 r. stanowi metaforę wewnętrznego dialogu człowieka z samym sobą, opowieść o ludziach w ogóle, a także o artyście i jego narzędziu – fotografii.
Gatekeeper - kampanie przeciw samobójstwom jako element polityki społecznej w Japonii
Authors: Zielińska Magdalena
Published: February 2020

Według danych WHO Japonia pod względem statystycznym jest jednym z państw o najwyższej liczbie samobójstw. Od wielu lat liczba przypadków samobójstw przekraczała trzydzieści tysięcy, aż do odnotowania spadku tej liczby poniżej dwudziestu ośmiu tysięcy w 2012 r. Rząd Japonii przeznacza duże nakłady z budżetu wspierając kampanie mające zapobiegać samobójstwom. Gatekeeper to jedna z kampanii przeciwko samobójstwom mająca na celu edukację wolontariuszy oraz poszerzenie świadomości i wrażliwości społecznej, oparta na metodzie opracowanej przez Betty A. Kitchener i Anthony’ego F. Jorm’a z Australii.  W ramach szeroko promowanej kampanii w Japonii zaangażowanych jest wielu znanych japońskich aktorów, piosenkarzy, piłkarzy, tworzone są filmy instruktarzowe, spoty, wydawane są płyty DVD, ulotki, plakaty. Celem pracy jest przybliżenie mechanizmu kampanii Gatekeeper i innych, podobnych inicjatyw promowanych w Japonii, a także wskazanie ich wpływu na tamtejszą politykę społeczną i zmianę w postrzeganiu samobójstw, które do niedawna nie były uznawane za zjawisko negatywne.
A Balaton-parti nyaralók építészete a rekreáció 20. századi életformáinak tükrében
Authors: Wettstein Domonkos
Published: February 2020

A Balaton-parti nyaraló a 20. század karakteres épülettípusává vált Magyarországon, miközben a feladat kis léptékéből adódóan a szakirodalomban kevésbé került előtérbe. A tanulmány a balatoni nyaraló mint regionális szintű jelenség elemzésével arra keres választ, hogy milyen jellegzetességek mentén definiálható az épülettípus kialakulása. Az építészeti jellegzetességek átalakulásai hogyan függnek össze az üdülőhelyi életformaváltásokkal? Az elemzés forrásai a 20. század nyaralóépítészetét koncepcionális szinten elemző korabeli publikációk. A feldolgozás módszere a nyaraló jelenségét eszmetörténeti szinten, mint a regionális modellre adott eszmei válaszokat vizsgálja, a megépült példákat a koncepciók illusztrálásaként mutatja be. A tanulmány a nyaralóépítészet sajátosságait a történeti villaépítészettől elkülönítve szemléli, és rámutat az üdülőhelyi életformákból, szerkezeti megfontolásokból és formálási stratégiákból adódó jellegzetességekre. A nyaralóépítészet karakteres megoldásai a nyári hónapokra korlátozódó szezonális életformára adtak válaszokat, napjainkban azonban a tóparti életvitel egyre inkább négy évszakossá válása a lakhatási formák fokozatos átalakulását és a nyaralóépítészet tóparti jellegzetességeinek elhalványodását okozza. A tanulmány rámutat a régión belüli tényezők és a régión túli formálási irányzatok hatásaira, és hangsúlyozza, hogy bár a Balaton-parti nyaraló fogalmát a helyi adottságokhoz alkalmazkodva alakították ki, az épülettípus jellegzetességei az üdülőhelyek életvitelének általános jellemzőihez kötődött, így a régióban kialakított mintázatok más üdülőhelyeken is megjelentek, feloldva a sajátos regionális karaktereket.
What can everyday aesthetics teach us about jazz practice?
Authors: Fletcher Michael
Published: February 2020

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy explains how the evolving field of everyday aestheticsseeks to offer an alternative to the 'tendency to equate aesthetics with the philosophyof art' by arguing that aesthetic experiences are present in many aspects of dailylife. Furthermore, the article highlights the fact that often what counts as an everydayactivity for one person might be much more unusual for another. Consequently, despitethe fact that there are some activities that are largely common to all of us-eating, sleeping-it should also be acknowledged that context plays a vital role in the discourse onthe everyday. In this article I will examine how concepts that arise in the discourse oneveryday aesthetics relate to the understanding of contemporary jazz performance practice.I will focus on how the daily practice and performance of jazz gives rise to a numberof areas of conceptual questioning, and consider how everyday aesthetics might serveas a model for contextualizing the numerous methodological components of jazz performancepractice. Citing examples from the work of historical musicians-Lee Konitzand Steve Lacy-as well as from my own practice, and with reference to the daily activitiesof instrumental study, group rehearsal and repeated performance, I will present areading of jazz performance practice that seeks to challenge conventional distinctionsbetween the artistic and the everyday.
Evaluating Simulated Consultation Videos in Teaching Patient-Centered General Practice
Authors: Jorgensen Merete , Witt Klaus , Makela Marjukka
Published: February 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: In the General Practice course at Copenhagen University, students are taught the patient-centered consultation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a new method for measuring the effect of this teaching and of adding access to simulated consultation videos to usual teaching. Methods: The University assigned 293 final-semester students to three groups: a Control group with usual curriculum, an Access group that watched simulated consultation video clips online and a Teaching group where the video clips were discussed in teaching sessions. The outcome was change in students' ability to identify patient-centered elements in a test video, measured with a questionnaire before and after the course. Results: An overall teaching effect was observed, which was most apparent in communication items such as making a contract about the topic for the consultation and summarizing. Changes in clinical items and general issues were small. Conclusion: A tool formeasuring the effect of teaching general practice consultation skills combining a test video and questionnaire is presented. Topics needing to be highlighted in teaching could be identified using the tool.
Pleasure-suffering duality in stricto sensu graduate programs in nursing: between bridges and walls
Authors: Moreira Danielle de Araújo , Tibães Hanna Beatriz Bacelar , Brito Maria José Menezes
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the pleasure-suffering duality experienced by students in stricto sensu Graduate Program in Nursing. Methods: qualitative, integrated single-case study based on the Psychodynamics of Work. The setting was the stricto sensu Graduate Program in Nursing in Brazil. Two Graduate Programs were chosen. Data collection took place between May 2017 and April 2018, with 23 students, through interviews guided by semi-structured script and Documentary Analysis. Content Analysis was carried out. Results: two analysis units emerged: Situations generating pleasure: bridges built by the Graduate Program and Situations generating suffering: walls of the Graduate Program. They were discussed in two dimensions - organizational and socio-professional relations. Final considerations: the results can contribute to the planning of actions capable of potentiating the creation of “bridges” that lead to reach of pleasure in the Graduate Program. It impels the confrontation of suffering-generating situations for the student.
Efeito da Formação de Classes de Estímulos Equivalentes e de Procedimentos de Facilitação na Emergência de Analogia
Authors: Marcelino Madeleine Reinert , Arantes Ana , Elias Nassim Chamel
Published: February 2020

Resumo Buscou-se verificar os efeitos da formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes e de dois procedimentos de facilitação na emergência de respostas de analogia, comparando os resultados obtidos nos testes de analogia de acordo com o procedimento de facilitação e com o fornecimento de instrução. Participaram 30 universitários. Foram ensinadas as relações AB e AC entre figuras abstratas e testadas as relações de simetria, transitividade e analogia. Os participantes que não apresentaram essas relações foram expostos aos procedimentos de facilitação. Doze participantes responderam por analogia antes do procedimento de facilitação, cinco de oito (62%), após Facilitação 1 e três de dez (33%), após Facilitação 2. Dos sete participantes expostos à instrução, seis responderam por analogia. A formação das classes não foi suficiente para a emergência das respostas de analogia e alguns participantes podem ter respondido ao Teste de Analogia sob controle de apenas alguns aspectos dos pares de estímulos.
CARE TO INCARCERTAED PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Bossonario Pedro Augusto , Saita Nanci Michele , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Santos Glauber Palha dos , Nemes Maria Inês Battistella , Monroe Aline Aparecida
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe health care provided to people living with HIV/AIDS in the penitentiary system. Method: a narrative review of the literature that considered publications from 2012 to 2017. The bibliographic survey was performed using controlled descriptors and keywords in the LILACS, PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus databases. Result: a total of 215 studies were retrieved that went through three selection stages, including nine. These were grouped according to the areas: HIV prevention, HIV testing and diagnosis, HIV treatment, and articulation between Health Services in addressing HIV. Conclusion: prisons have the capacity to offer quality health care to persons deprived of their liberty living with HIV, through health promotion and prevention of the HIV virus, as well as early diagnosis and adherence to treatment.
A Hora das Crianças: infância, estética e política em Benjamin
Authors: Sanches Eduardo Oliveira , Ramos Estéfani Dutra , Silva Divino José da
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Em seus escritos sobre modernidade, técnica e reprodutibilidade técnica Benjamin propõe uma visada teórica sobre a arte reprodutível que dialoga com as exigências da nova temporalidade. Se os modos de produção artística são ampliados pelos avanços tecnológicos redimensionando o seu campo de atuação para formas de expressão mais modernas como o rádio, por exemplo; há aqui uma nova relação experimental entre o público e a obra, além de uma nova função intermediadora. A preocupação com o uso da técnica para fins totalitários, entretanto, fez o autor formular a exigência de uma politização da arte. Essa politização está presente em seu trabalho radiofônico com crianças que se articula ao compromisso do uso do aparato para o esclarecimento.
Os Modelos de Formação de Professores/as da Educação Básica: quem formamos?
Authors: Coimbra Camila Lima
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Este artigo advém de um projeto de pesquisa sobre os modelos curriculares que norteiam a formação docente, e tem como objetivo traçar o percurso histórico da formação de professores/as da Educação Básica no Brasil. São identificados três modelos nesta trajetória: modelo conteudista, modelo de transição e modelo de resistência. Os marcos regulatórios para esta formação são objeto de análise para a compreensão dos contextos históricos, culturais e sociais construídos desde a década de 1930 até 2015, em uma perspectiva de educação e formação progressistas. A pergunta inicial: quem formamos? nos leva a constatar a coabitação dos três modelos no cenário atual e a necessária valorização ao modelo de resistência por suas características históricas na busca da dialogicidade como dimensão importante de uma educação transformadora.
Validación de escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) en adolescentes chilenos
Authors: Espinoza-Venegas Maritza , Huaiquián-Silva Julia , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia , Luengo-Machuca Luis , Valderrama-Alarcón Milady , Ortiz-Rebolledo Néstor
Published: February 2020

Resumen Objetivo Realizar validación y análisis de confiabilidad de la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado en adolescentes chilenos. Método Fue realizado en una muestra 199 adolescentes. La validación de contenido se hizo por revisión de expertos. Se exploró la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo por medio de análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Resultados Algunos términos de la escala se adaptaron culturalmente. La confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach de la escala de 24 ítems fue de 0,88. Los ítems 6, 11, 20 presentaron baja confiabilidad y correlación con la escala (<0,4). El AFE, sugirió solución factorial de cinco factores y un factor por gráfico de sedimentación. Las ecuaciones estructurales de los posibles modelos resultaron con valores de índices de ajuste, cercano a lo satisfactorio. Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica Considerando la combinación de criterios: objetivos; basados en la teoría y en los análisis factoriales, la solución óptima es la de un factor con 21 ítems. La escala presenta ítems adaptados culturalmente. Se propone incorporar ítems más específicos de autocuidado en adolescentes. Investigaciones que evalúen intervenciones tendientes a mejorar la capacidad de autocuidado en adolescentes podrían utilizar la nueva versión de la escala ASA con mejores propiedades psicométricas.
Tempo de trânsito oral na criança com acometimento neurológico indicada à gastrostomia
Authors: Cola Paula Cristina , Afonso Débora , Baldelin Cleber Gustavo Rotoli , Rubira Claudio José , Agostinho Junior Francisco de , Silva Roberta Gonçalves da
Published: February 2020

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o tempo de trânsito oral total (TTOT) da deglutição em diferentes consistências de alimento na criança com acometimento neurológico (CAN) e com indicação de gastrostomia. Método Estudo clínico transversal incluiu 15 indivíduos com CAN e indicação de gastrostomia, sendo 10 do sexo masculino e cinco do sexo feminino, 13 com alimentação via oral exclusiva e dois com sonda nasogástrica, faixa etária de um a 14 anos, média de 5,7 anos, acompanhados no Grupo Multidisciplinar de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica da Universidade de Marília-UNIMAR. A deglutição foi analisada por estudo videofluoroscópico da deglutição. Foram mensuradas 19 imagens do tempo de trânsito oral total (TTOT) da deglutição, por software específico, utilizando alimento pastoso (13 imagens) e alimento líquido (seis imagens). O TTOT foi categorizado em curto ou longo baseado em definições já evidenciadas na literatura. Resultados A média e o desvio padrão para o TTOT foram, respectivamente, 10,75s e 11,76s para o pastoso e 4,22s e 1,54s para o líquido. Conclusão O tempo de trânsito oral total é longo nas consistências pastosa e líquida em crianças com acometimento neurológico e com indicação de gastrostomia.
Associação entre força muscular periférica e força muscular respiratória em idosos hospitalizados
Authors: Botelho Patricia Maia , Rios Laís França , Maia Marília de Souza , Luz Mychelle Regina Melo de Souza , Junior Mario Cezar Macedo Silva , De Jesus Sérgio Luis Figueredo , Dos Anjos Jorge Luis Motta , Martinez Bruno Prata
Published: February 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A sarcopenia é uma síndrome caracterizada por perda progressiva e generalizada de massa e força do músculo esquelética, bem como possivelmente da musculatura respiratória com risco de desfechos adversos, como declínio da funcionalidade, má qualidade de vida e morte. O risco de complicações respiratórias e infecções na população idosa é elevado, o que pode ser devido, em parte, as alterações da força do diafragma. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre força muscular periférica e força muscular respiratória em idosos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo realizado em um hospital público na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. As variáveis primárias mensuradas foram medidas antropométricas, força de preensão palmar, força muscular respiratória através da aferição da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx), velocidade de marcha e presença de tabagismo. As variáveis secundárias extraídas a partir de dados de prontuário foram idade, gênero, diagnóstico médico admissional, perfil clínico admissional (clínico ou cirúrgico), tempo de internação no momento da coleta e índice de comorbidades de Charlson. Para avaliação entre as variáveis da FPP e força muscular respiratória foi utilizado a análise da correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Dos 95 idosos avaliados, 73,7% era do sexo masculino, 89,5% tinham internação por motivo cirúrgico (40,2% cirurgias abdominais; 30,4% cirurgias urológicas; 16,3% amputações; 13,1% outras cirurgias), IMC 24,5 ± 4,1Kg/m2. A média de idade foi 68,1±6,1 anos, força de preensão palmar 31,3 ± 9,1Kgf e PImáx -77,5±33,2 cm H2O. O tempo para avaliação inicial foi de 4,3 ± 3,1 dias após internação hospitalar. O índice de comorbidades de Charlson foi de 3,6 ± 1,89 e a pontuação do mini-exame do estado mental foi 22,9±7,22. A correlação entre a força de preensão palmar e a força muscular respiratória foi moderada (R=-0,439 e valor de p= 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Existe relação entre FMR e FMP, bem como a FMR pode predizer dinapenia. Apesar disso, recomenda-se que a avaliação da FMR e FMP sejam feitas de forma individualizada para um posterior direcionamento do plano terapêutico, já que esta relação foi apenas moderada.
The Impacts of Taxation on Capital Structure in BRICS Countries
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajesh , Gruzin Alexander
Published: February 2020

Capital structure is an indicator of the value of a firm and is a key performance indicator concerning how efficiently a company operates. Debt and leverage influence a company’s investment risks and influence the rate of return required by investors. Therefore, decisions affecting capital structure choice have crucial long-term effects.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of corporate tax rates on capital structure in public nonfinancial companies based in BRICS countries. The specific object of our analysis is the evaluation of financial leverage as a proportion of debt financing based on the amount of total assets. This analysis is carried out on a sample of BRICS companies over the period from 2010 to 2015.

To conduct this research, panel data regression models are employed, including the fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE) and generalised method of moments (GMM) models. Each BRICS country is analysed separately in order to avoid biased estimates due to a host of significant country-specific differences.

The results presented herein indicate that effective tax rate is statistically significant, but the effect of taxation varies across countries. For example, effective tax rate is an important capital structure determinant, and it is significant across all countries. However in analytical terms, this investigation reveals that the most suitable regression model for the majority of BRICS countries is the fixed effects method, although for Russia the most appropriate model is the random effects method. To summarise, three separate hypotheses regarding the interplay of taxation and capital structure have.

This research crucially serves to demonstrate facets of the complexity of the economic situation in the key economies of BRICS countries. The generally-supported hypothesis implies that the higher the corporate tax rate, the more tax benefits the company receives from using a tax shield. The results of this study indicate that contrary to most existing literature, effective tax rate has a negative relationship with the capital structure in Russia, India and South Africa. Moreover, various existing research studies in the field have been validated, and individual aspects of our results serve to alternatively validate the tradeoff and the pecking order theories. The conclusions presented herein regarding the complexities of the interplay between economic indicators between BRICS countries will be essential information in the commercial and academic spheres and anyone concerned with emerging economies.
Designing New Funding Models for Russian Football Clubs
Authors: Solntsev Ilia
Published: February 2020

In Europe, most football clubs have long been positioned as business projects, which are active in financial markets and apply various funding tools. The 2018 FIFA World Cup inspired a new wave of interest in Russian football and created attractive conditions for applying new funding tools. The specifics of the economy surrounding sports development in Russia have led to a situation whereby most sports clubs depend on limited apportionments of budgetary funds, and require novel sources of additional funding for different development purposes, e.g. constructing stadiums, training grounds, youth academies and everyday operations. The aim of this research is to examine the best foreign practice in the field of attracting funding by sports clubs and propose adaptations for Russian conditions. This work presents a practice-oriented review of the most modern funding tools used in football, and analyses the capital structure of European football clubs, their funding policies and preferences. The competitive level of the European and Russian clubs, their relative financial capabilities, and their development prospects were considered, and the analytical mapping process ascribed prospective investment ratings to the Russian clubs. In a similar manner, recommendations as to how practical funding examples from European clubs may be adapted and followed in the Russian context are described. By comparison and contrast, likely candidates among Russian clubs for similar economic strategies are identified. The sources of information utilised for this process include annual reports from European football clubs, research studies, and academic articles, along with any available contextual information on Russian clubs. The study was limited by the secrecy of reporting in Russian football and the weak financial position of most Russian clubs, which restricts their funding opportunities. However, despite the special development model of domestic Russian football and the harsh economic conditions, the proposals formulated in this work can be implemented into the practical activity of any club, regardless its scale and can contribute to improving financial sustainability, competitive results and the integrated development of Russian clubs. The methods proposed can act as a catalyst for the gradual corporatisation of Russian football clubs and will be of interest to investors, business analysts, economic scientists and football fans alike.
The Impact of the Government’s Incentives on Increasing Investment in Turkey's Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants
Authors: ERKEN Faruk
Published: February 2020

Exhibiting a high economic growth rate in
recent years, energy demand has increased rapidly in Turkey. Despite having a
great potential in terms of renewable energy sources, Turkey has not utilized
this potential sufficiently to meet this demand. However, among various
renewable energy sources, solar energy stands out in terms of investments and
incentives in Turkey. In this study, progress and outlook of photovoltaic
systems in Turkey are reviewed considering the potential, the incentives and
the investments. In this context, ratio of the Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants
within both overall installed power and the total generated energy over the
years is investigated geopolitically. Ongoing and planned investments for
Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants and the incentives provided by the government
are reviewed by taking into consideration the geographical regions of the
country. It is observed that the installed power capacity of active solar
photovoltaic power plants increases by more than four times compared to the
previous year, as of the end of 2017, owing to incentives and investments.
Solar energy power capacity is expected to contribute significantly to the
total installed power capacity over the next few years.
Phase Changing Material Usage to Increase the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: KARAKAYA Hakan , ŞEN İzzetin Enes
Published: February 2020

Energy based on renewable energy sources continues to meet the increasing need of growing population. In renewable energy production, not only energy production but also efficient using is crucial. In recent years, photovoltaic panels, which are increasingly used and highly important, have warmed on the surface due to the radiation energy emitted by the sun, and this warmth reduces the efficiency of the panel. In this study, it is aimed to reduce this efficiency loss by using phase changing material with latent heat which is one of the thermal energy storage methods. One of the two solar panels placed parallel to the ground was filled with phase changing material. With this, it is aimed to cool photovoltaic panel by using calcium chloride hexahydrate phase changing material; and radiations air temperature, current, voltage, power, surface temperature, efficiency graphs were obtained. As a result of simultaneous measurements, the increase in yield was 2.95%.
The Role of Service Quality Management in Students’ Re-Enrollment
Authors: SUGILAR Sugılar
Published: February 2020

The students’ re-enrollment can reflect as one of the indications of an educational institution’s service quality and student loyalty. The re-enrollment is identified by the condition that students enrolled in one semester would re-enroll in the next immediate semester. The main concern of this article is that there are many interrelated variables affecting students’ re-enrollment. Those variables mainly included service quality management of higher distance education, student characteristics, student academic success, accessibility to student learning support services. The study applied ex-post-facto method with a sample of 3539 students and used a statistical technique of the binary logistic regression to identify factors related to student re- enrollment in three regional office centers of Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia, identified as low, medium, and high in service quality management. The results revealed that the students’ re-enrollment is affected by the level of service quality management modulated factors: (1) the student personal characteristics, (2) the level of success in previous semesters, and (3) the participation in the learning support services. The paper discusses the implications of managing the students’ re-enrollment based on the findings.
E-Collaborative Tasks and the Enhancement of Writing Performance among Iranian University-Level EFL Learners
Authors: AZODI Nazli , LOTFI Ahmadreza
Published: February 2020

The prevalence of using social software in foreign and second language settings has caused a resurgence of interest in collaborative writing. This study investigates the benefits of collaborative and e-collaborative tasks on writing performance of the students in a process-oriented approach. It, in fact, examines the effects on the accuracy, complexity, and fluency of the written text produced by the learners. To this end, the quasi- experimental design was employed and 74 intermediate students at Islamic Azad University (Isfahan Branch) in Iran participated in the study. They were divided into three groups by random assignment in which two experimental groups were required to perform their tasks in collaboration while only one of them had access to Telegram Application outside the classroom. The control group followed the conventional method of learning how to write. The Measures of One-way ANCOVA, having compared the pretests and posttests results, showed a significant change in the accuracy and complexity of the written texts produced by the students in the experimental group applying e-collaboration. It also revealed that there was no significant change in the fluency of the written texts produced by the students.
Investigating the Role of Formative Mobile Based Assessment in Vocabulary Learning of Pre-Intermediate EFL Learners in Comparison with Paper Based Assessment
Authors: YARAHMADZEHI Nahid , GOODARZI Mostafa
Published: February 2020

Throughout this study technology and especially mobile phones was utilized in EFL classrooms in order to see whether it can influence the process of vocabulary formative assessment and consequently improve vocabulary learning of Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners or not. Two groups of pre-intermediate EFL learners participated in this study. Regarding the first group (FMA) the vocabulary learning of learners was assessed formatively during ten sessions using Socrative mobile application. The vocabulary learning of the second group (FPA) was also assessed formatively but paper and pen were the instruments used by instructor and students to take the tests. After applying quasi-experimental research design including pretest, treatment and posttest and after running independent sample t tests to posttest scores, the results showed that those pre-intermediate EFL learners attending in the group where vocabulary gain was assessed formatively using mobile application named Socrative performed significantly better in posttest than group assessed formatively based on paper and pen (Sig=0.03<0.05). The analysis of attitude questionnaire distributed among participants of the group assessed formatively using mobile phone exhibited that they possessed a positive attitude towards mobile based testing.
Pemeliharaan Ternak Domba di Kebun Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Basri Hasan
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Sheep are small ruminant that have been adapted and close to human. They are easily raised and contribute to family enterprise income. They are usally raised in public land, unplanted paddy field, and under palm plantation. Research on raising sheep under paim plantation was conducted from 9 October 1996 to 21 january 1997. The research was conducted at PT. Pasriwisata, Damar Siput, Rantau Slamat, Eastern Aceh. Thirty sheep were used in this experiment. They were crossbreed of Hairsheep St. Croix males with local female (F1 x F1). Therefore, the sheep had 50 percent of local sheep blood and 50 percent of Hairsheep St. Croix blood. They were borrowed from Sei Putih Liverstock research center, Galang, North Sumatra. They were divided into three group of 6, 10 and 14 heads respectively. Each group was grazing on 1 ha pasture under palm plantation. All sheep got the same treatment and no supplement was fed the animal. They were grazing for 4 hours a day. The result showed that there was no significant differences. ( P 0.05 ) on daily body weight gain among the threatments. Mean daily body weight gain or each group was 30 g, 35 g and 36,22 g for group 6, 10 and 14 heads respectively. This finding was relatively the same as reported by ditjennak ( 1 ) and ginting ( 2 ) where daily body weight gain was about 30 to 40 g for sheep those were extensively grazing under rubber plantation without supplement and were grazing for 6 to 8 hours day. Body weight gain of sheep is not only determined by the excessive availability of forage, but also by the number of sheep that are grazing at the same time on the same pasture. Number of sheep are grazing on the pasture competitively encourages sheep to graze the pasture more. Tilman et al. ( 3 ) stated that animal that eats more give higher body weight gain than animal eats less.
Pengaruh Lama penyimpanan Beku dan Pembungkusan Terhadap Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler
Authors: Zakaria Yusdar
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT.
Respon Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Ukuran Tubuh Kambing Peranakan Etawah Jantan Terhadap Pemberian Bungkil Inti Sawit
Authors: Asril Asril
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. A Study on dry matter digestibility and body sizes of Peranakan Etawah  male goat given palm kernel cake (PKC) condukted at the experimental farm of Agriculture Fakulty of Syiah Kuala University. Twelve Peranakan Etawah male goats about 10-17 kg live weight were used in the experiment. randomized block design with 3 clocks and 4 treatments consists of R0 (without PKC) R1 (100 g PKC), R2 (200 g PKC), and R3 (300 g PKC) was applied in this experiment. Parameters measured were dry matter degestibility, crude protein degestibility,  crude fiber degestibility, body length, chest gird, and shoulder heinght. The result showet that PKC singnificantly (P0.01) affected crude protein and significantly (P,0.05) affected crude fiber digestibility, body length and chest gird of Peranakan Etawah male goats. However, Peranakan Etawah male goats given PKC have no response on dry matter digestibility and shoulder height.
Konsumsi dan Kecernaan Zat Makanan Pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Jantan Yang Diberi Ransum Komplit Berbasis Jerami Padi Terfermentasi
Authors: Novita Cut Intan
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Fermentation of rice straw incriased its nutritive value, digestibility and palatability. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of feeding rations composed of fermented rice straw supplement with urea and probiotic, and mixed with concentrate. Eighteen Etawah -grade bucks (age 1.5 years) were assigned into a completely randomized design to study nutrient intake and apparent degestibility of three dietary treatments. The rations as treatments were as follow: CFR=concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw:; Complete=concentrate + groud fermented rice straw; ELG = concentrate + elephan grass. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake of bucks were not different significantly among treatments. Apparent degestibility of DM was not different, however CP was significantly lower (p0.05) for the GFR treatments compared to the other two treatments. These results suggest that fermented rice straw can be uded to substituse the fresh elephant grass.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Ampas Tahu Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Ayam Broiler
Authors: Zulfan Zulfan , Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. The aim of this experiment is to investigate a possibility to include tofu by-product in broiler diet without causing adverse performances. This study was conducted in poulty production Lab. Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The study performed 80 unsex day old chick, strain CP 707, Charoen Pokphan product, for which the chikens were divided into for diet treatment. The study was desingned into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) containing for different diet treatment. ei. R1 (Control diet with 0% of tofu by product. R2 (the diet containing 2.5% of tofu by-product), R3 (the diet containing 5% of tofu by-product, and R4 (the diet containing 7.5% of tofu by-product). Each treatment consisted of five chiks. Investigated variables included  final body weight, body weght gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and income over feed and chick coast (IOFCC). The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance and as a significant effect was detected, the analysis  was continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test based on Steel and Torrie (1991). Result of this study showed that the inclusion of up to 5% of tofu by-product in the diet were not significantly defress body weight, body weight gain, feed consumpsion, and feed conversion compared to the control. However, the inclusion of 7.5% of tofu by-product significantly defress body weght, body weight gain feed consumpsion. The was no significant effect on feed conversion as tofu by-product was included 7.5% in the diet. The inclusion of tofu by-product could minmize diet cost and increase. Income and Over Feed and Chick Cost (IOFCC). However, the highest IOFCC was detected in the untilization of 5% of tofu by-product was still possible to be included in poulty diet up to 5% without significantly depress broiler ferformances.Key word :Tofu by-product; Broiler diet; Body weight; Feed Consumption; Feed conversion
A Survey on How Dynamically Changes Topology in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Al Mahmud Tamim
Published: February 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) capable new applications and requires non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. Owing to the prerequisite for low device complexity together with low energy consumption (i.e., long network lifetime), a proper balance between communication and signal/data processing capabilities must be established. This motivates a mammoth endeavour in research performance, standardization procedure, and engineering investments on this field since the last decade. This paper aims at reporting an overview of WSNs technologies, key applications and principles, characteristics in WSNs plan, and evolutions. In scrupulous, several unusual applications, such as those based on ecological monitoring, are discussed and design strategies painted; a case study based on an actual function is also reported. Trends and realistic evolutions are traced. In this paper we have to talk about a range of objectives of existing topology and their limitation. Finally we conclude a proposed solution and its advantage and limitation in focus of our view.
The Effect of External Debt in the Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Saad
Published: February 2020

In this study we examine the effect of external debt with the economic growth of Pakistan. External debt is a debt which is held by the creditors of foreign countries in the world. Time series data is collected from the World Bank site for the last thirty years ranges from 1986-2015. Statistics analysis and ordinary least square regression is performed through a descriptive statistical table. To check the relationship between economic growth and external debt OLS model is used. GDP is our dependent variable. Gross domestic saving, gross capital formation and external Debt stock is our independent variable. The results show that the huge amount of number of GDP of country is backed by external debt.
Market Upheaval, Fires and What’s Next for the NBN
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: February 2020

Papers in the December 2019 issue of the Journal include discussion on the future of the $51 billion National Broadband Network (NBN), Benefiting from Asia’s Technology Revolution and the relationship between the use of the Darwin-based coastal High Frequency radio service and the development of social capital in the Northern Territory. The Telecommunications Association is hosting public forums on the future of the NBN in 2020 at RMIT University in Melbourne. A recent decision by the Federal Court has cleared the way for the merger of Vodafone Hutchison and TPG to proceed. It is time for more robust telecommunications infrastructure as the recent devastating bushfires found telecommunications services wanting. The Journal welcomes contributions on telecommunications and the digital economy.
Foundations of Personal Mystagogy in Catechesis
Authors: Goliszek Piotr T.
Published: February 2020

Podstawy mystagogii osobistej w katechezie

Mistagogia jest pogłębionym katechetycznym wprowadzeniem w misteria wiary oraz w niepojęte misterium Boga. Wtajemniczenie jest szczególną funkcją, którą realizuje Kościół za pośrednictwem katechezy. Wiąże się ona głównie z sakramentami wtajemniczenia chrześcijańskiego, przy czym katecheza przybliża rozumienie i wychowuje do przyjęcia wszystkich sakramentów, wprowadza w rozumienie i życie Kościoła, wprowadza w liturgię oraz modlitwę, która wspiera proces wtajemniczenia. Wtajemniczenie chrześcijańskie jest wydarzeniem dynamicznym i osobowym, dlatego wymaga również wchodzenia w misterium osobowe, bowiem jest wprowadzeniem w misterium człowieczeństwa, formacją do prawdziwego i przeżywanego bycia człowiekiem. Wprowadzenie wychowanków w misterium osobowe chroni przed instytucjonalno--funkcjonalnym traktowaniem Kościoła, liturgii, sakramentów oraz modlitwy. Mistagogia jest więc wprowadzeniem w głębię kultu Bożego, a także w tajemnicę człowieczeństwa.
GROUP ANALYSIS OF OIL BY NMR RELAXOMETRY DATA AND ITS COMPARISON WITH LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND IR SPECTROMETRY RESULTS
Authors: Shumskayte M. Y. , Burukhina A. I. , Chernova E. S. , Glinskikh V. N. , Fursenko E. A.
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with analysis of the geochemical and NMR characteristics of oils from a number of fields in the West Siberian oil and gas province. The group composition of the studied samples was estimated by NMR data. The correlation with the results of geochemical analysis was established.
DETERMINATION OF DISSOCIATION STAGE OF GAS HYDRATES BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF NMR RELAXOMETRY METHOD DATA
Authors: Shumskayte M. Y. , Manakov A. Yu. , Glinskikh V. N. , Duchkov A. D.
Published: February 2020

A model of synthetic gas hydrates in a mixture of quartz pellets is considered using by tetrahydrofuran solution based on distilled water. The analysis of the NMR-characteristics of tetrahydrofuran hydrate in clayed sand is performed. The stages of hydrate dissociation excluding water contribution are established and it is shown that the NMR-relaxometry method is sensitive to the clay content. The obtained results allow us to more detailed study the processes of hydrate formation in real reservoir rocks and their physical characteristics.