bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOHO Users' Perceptions of Reliability and Continuity of Cloud-Based Services
Authors: Levy Cornel L. , Elias Nilsa I.
Published: March 2019

The adaptation of cloud computing services is continually growing because of its popularity, its ubiquitous, ease-of-use, and inexpensive nature. Small office/home office (SOHO) businesses are joining large organizations and purchasing cloud services to help with the continuity of their business services. However, cloud computing and its effect in business continuity and information security by SOHO users is not well understood. A qualitative case study was conducted to examine the perspectives of SOHO users of cloud services during Hurricane Sandy in the states of New York and New Jersey. SOHO cloud users were questioned about their understanding of cloud services for business continuity, the services provided by cloud vendors, and their perceptions about cloud data management and security services. The results of this study demonstrated that SOHO users gravitate to the cloud because it of its ubiquitous nature, however, they lack understanding of the business continuity and disaster recovery features and their impact in data security and, their business endurance.
Smart Healthcare Administration Over Cloud
Authors: Govinda K.  , Ramasubbareddy S.
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is an emerging technology that is expected to support internet-scale critical applications, which could be essential to the healthcare sector. Its scalability, resilience, adaptability, connectivity, cost reduction, and high-performance features have high potential to lift the efficiency and quality of healthcare. With the widespread application of healthcare information and communication technology, constructing a stable and sustainable data sharing circumstance has attracted rapidly growing attention in both academic research area and the healthcare industry. Cloud computing is one of long dreamed visions of healthcare cloud (HC), which matches the need of healthcare workers, information sharing directly to various health providers over the internet, regardless of their location and the amount of data. This chapter proposes a cloud model for health information sharing and integration in HC and looks into the arising challenges in healthcare.
Session Hijacking Over Cloud Environment
Authors: M. Thangavel , K. Pandiselvi , R. Sindhuja
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is a technology that offers an enterprise model to provide resources made available to the client and network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources and pay-for-peruse basis. Generally, a session is said to be the collective information of an ongoing transaction. This package is typically stored on the server as a temporary file and labeled with an ID, usually consisting of a random number, time and date the session was initiated. That session ID is sent to the client with the first response, and then presented back to the server with each subsequent request. This permits the server to access the stored data appropriate to that session. That, in turn allows each transaction to be logically related to the previous one. Session hijacking is the common problem that is experienced in the cloud environment in which the session id is gained and information is gathered using the session ID compromising its security. This chapter covers session hijacking and the countermeasures to prevent session hijacking.
On Developing Fair and Orderly Cloud Markets
Authors: Wenge Olga , Schuller Dieter , Rensing Christoph , Steinmetz Ralf
Published: March 2019

While cloud markets promise virtually unlimited resource supplies, standardized commodities and proper services, some providers may not be able to offer effectual physical capacity to serve large customers. A solution is cloud collaborations, in which multiple providers unite forces in order to conjointly offer capacities in the cloud markets. Supposably, both the Quality of Service and security properties of such collaborations will be determined by “the weakest link in the chain”, therefore resulting in a trade-off between the monetary aggregates, cumulative capacity and the non-functional attributes of a cloud collaboration. Based on previous research, this paper examines efficient composition of cloud collaborations from the broker's perspective, considering Quality of Service and information security requirements of multiple cloud providers and users and presents an exact approach CCCP-EXA.KOM for building cloud collaborations. Furthermore, it proposes a Mixed Integer Programming-based heuristic optimization approach CCCP-PRIOSORT.KOM and provides its quantitative evaluation in comparison with prior optimal approach.
Deployment and Optimization for Cloud Computing Technologies in IoT
Authors: Singh Aditya Pratap , Tomar Pradeep
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing has proven itself and is accepted in industrial applications. Cloud computing is based on the co-existence and co-working of various technologies and services from different sources that together make cloud computing a success. Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely studied and being applied. The blending of these two efficient technologies may provide an intelligent perception about usage of resources on demand and efficient sharing. The adoption of these two different technologies and usage is likely to be more and more pervasive, making them important components of the future internet-based systems. This chapter focuses on the deployment models of cloud computing in relation to IoT. The implications of cloud computing in view of deployment are discussed. The issues for deployment and optimization related to the merger of IoT with cloud computing are raised.
Designing a Learning Analytic System for Assessing Immersive Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Russell Donna , Wallis Steven E.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to develop a template for the evaluation of learning in an educational game. In this case, gaming is referred to as 3D immersive virtual learning environments. Problem-based learning is the design template for the IVLE as it engages learners in defined learning behaviors that have been shown to encourage advanced problem-based learning. As a result of this holistic design procedure the learning analytic system proposed in this chapter is an integrated system that can be linked to P-12 educational programs augmenting their traditional programs and providing alternative instructional procedures, alternative learning processes for students and a standards-based but a more individualistic and thus viable assessment of learning to replace an outdated learning assessment model.
Personalisation of 3D Virtual Spaces for Enhanced Ubiquitous Learning
Authors: Saleeb Noha , Dafoulas Georgios A. , Loomes Martin
Published: March 2019

This study explores, using experiments, the effects of different architectural design features of 3D virtual educational buildings on higher-education learners during online e-learning sessions. Architectural features tested include shape, lighting, dimensions, colours and textures. Learners are divided into three groups: under-graduates, post-graduates, and adult learners. Results are demonstrated comprising charts and statistics capturing the extent of learners' enjoyment, information retention, and participation from being inside different 3D virtual spaces with different design characteristics. Consequently, design characteristics causing highest student retention, participation and contentment are established for design of a better 3D virtual learning environment (VLE). These provide guidelines for customised design practices inside 3DVLEs to create 3D virtual educational spaces best suited for ubiquitous “any-time” “any-place” e-learning of each individual student. This will aid in guiding the otherwise current ad-hoc design approach to building educational facilities in 3DVLEs.
The Design of Immersive Virtual Learning Environments Utilizing Problem-Based Learning Templates
Authors: Russell Donna
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the design of template for the design of an immersive virtual learning environment that includes collaborative learning virtual worlds as problem-solving scenarios that engage students in virtual explorations of worlds. The problem-based learning 3d model incorporates a curriculum design model that includes a real-world issue that correlates to the virtual scenarios or games. This virtual PBL design model also includes a learning assessment process that utilizes sociocultural learning theories to develop an ongoing feedback model for assessment of learning in a 3d problem-based learning environment. This problem-based learning model combines the benefits of games, such as high-levels of learner engagement, real-life simulations, with research on cognition and instructional design to create a design model that can be modified to develop advanced knowledge, skills and concepts in multiple educational settings.
Facilitating Communities of Practice in Online Immersive Learning Environments
Authors: Terry Krista , Cheney Amy , Bolt Les , McClannon Terry , Sanders Robert L.
Published: March 2019

This exploratory study is based on survey research involving graduate students using this 3D immersive environment for their coursework. Investigators examined students' perceptions of community and presence via coursework offered in the immersive world. Utilizing the Sense of Community II index and the Communities of Inquiry survey, variables examined include students' time within their graduate programs, time spent in the 3D environment, and their levels of immersion, as well as the relationship between the two instruments. Analysis showed significant results for each of the research questions for both instruments, and allowed for a number of new research directions including that of the correlation of community and presence, along with the potential for design based research informed by systems thinking as a potential new area of interest.
Gamified Assessment Supported by a Dynamic 3D Collaborative Game
Authors: Mavridis Apostolos , Tsiatsos Thrasyvoulos , Chatzakis Michalis , Kitsikoudis Konstantinos , Lazarou Efthymios
Published: March 2019

This study examined whether a 3D collaborative gave can be used as a midterm examination method and investigated the impact of this game on students' attitude towards collaboration. A total of 89 students and one coordinating professor participated in this study. The intervention lasted five weeks and took place in a computer science department. The game that was used as a treatment was dynamic and therefore the educator was able to customize its content for the examinations using an administration panel. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data collection was used. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation between the performance of the students on the game and their performance on the final paper-based examination. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the attitude of the students towards collaboration before and after the use of the game.
Addressing Diverse College Students and Interdisciplinary Learning Experiences Through Online Virtual Laboratory Instruction
Authors: Neuwirth Lorenz S. , Ebrahimi Alireza , Mukherji B. Runi , Park Lillian
Published: March 2019

Habits in note-taking and media usage of the current generation of undergraduate college students are very different from prior generations. Current students are attracted to multi-dimensional teaching approaches which utilize visual learning aids and increased social interactions beyond the traditional lecture. Moreover, the diversity with respect to first generation college student/immigrant and returning learners is growing. This learning situation becomes further complicated in teaching interdisciplinary biopsychology courses, where students may not possess a complete set of foundational concepts. Thus, students require increased learning opportunities, sustained practice, as well as positive and corrective feedback to meet curricular proficiency expectations. At the same time, many students also have difficulty receiving, accepting, and implementing necessary feedback in order to succeed in their academic endeavors. To address this “feedback” issue, we have proposed a theoretical approach using “error-based” learning, for a biopsychology curriculum, to remedy this student learning problem through virtual laboratory instruction. Notably, this approach can be used in other integrative fields of learning.
A Remote Mobile Experiment in Brazilian Public Basic Education
Authors: Nicolete Priscila Cadorin , Bento da Silva Juarez , Cristiano Marta Adriana da Silva , Bilessimo Simone Meister Sommer , Ferreira de Farias Giovanni , Filho Silvio Serafim da Luz
Published: March 2019

The STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) are very important for education, but the lack of experimental laboratories for these subjects in a school might decrease the interest of its students in STEM fields. This chapter explores these issues in the Brazilian context where, in order to address this issue, remote experiments are used to share real experiments manipulated through the Internet. Teachers and students can use remote laboratories, equipped with real experiments, to put in practice theoretical concepts learned in class. This chapter presents a report on a pilot project that aims to explore the use of Mobile Remote Experimentation (MRE) by teachers and students of public high schools in Brazil. It involves the use of mobile devices to access remote experiments in STEM subjects through the Internet. The report demonstrates the effectiveness of using such educational resources to improve pedagogical results by applying the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model to measure the impact of MRE by STEM teachers.
Task-Based Language Learning and Learner Autonomy in 3D Virtual Worlds
Authors: Kozlova Iryna
Published: March 2019

This chapter investigates whether a problem-solving task with an environment exploration component mediates learner autonomy in a 3D virtual world (VW). Two groups of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were to collect information by exploring the 3D VW and eliciting information from player avatars to complete the task. An analysis of student interaction reveals that only one of the groups acted as autonomous learners by generating new topics based on their observations in the environment; eliciting information and controlling the topics when interacting with the player avatars; and initiating repair leading to input modification, negotiation of meaning, and modification of output. Results suggest that learner autonomy could be promoted in 3D VWs by improving the clarity of task instructions and by designing learning tasks in such a way that students would be able to complete the tasks only if they share their observations with peers and player avatars.
Language Teaching in 3D Virtual Worlds With Machinima
Authors: Thomas Michael , Schneider Christel
Published: March 2019

This article is based on findings arising from a large, two-year EU project entitled “Creating Machinima to Enhance Online Language Learning and Teaching” (CAMELOT), which was the first to investigate the potential of machinima, a form of virtual filmmaking that uses screen captures to record activity in immersive 3D environments, for language teaching. The article examines interaction in two particular phases of the project: facilitator-novice teacher interaction in an online teacher training course which took place in Second Life and teachers' field-testing of machinima which arose from it. Examining qualitative data from interviews and screen recordings following two iterations of a 6-week online teacher training course which was designed to train novice teachers how to produce machinima and the evaluation of the field-testing, the article highlights the pitfalls teachers encountered and reinforces the argument that creating opportunities for pedagogical purposes in virtual worlds implies that teachers need to change their perspectives to take advantage of the affordances offered.
Using 3D Virtual Worlds Integrated to Remote Experimentation in Sciences Teaching
Authors: Antonio Caroline Porto , Simão José Pedro Schardosim , Alves João Bosco da Mota , Bento da Silva Juarez , Coelho dos Santos Aline
Published: March 2019

Considering the need to stimulate the interest of students, it is essential to create more attractive environments for teaching, and laboratory activities are indicated as essential to correlate theory and practice. The use of remote labs allows students access remotely at anytime and anywhere, a real lab equipment. The integration of remote experiments with 3D virtual worlds allows the creation of a rich environment for contextualization of laboratory activity, providing the user with additional information about the experiment. Thus, this article aims to understand and relate existing jobs currently about virtual 3D worlds using the integrated Remote Experiments.
Virtual Worlds in Geoscience Education
Authors: Boniello Annalisa , Paris Eleonora , Santoianni Flavia
Published: March 2019

Describes studies and research on geoscience education in virtual worlds. A correlation between spatial reasoning skills and professional performance in many scientific fields has been demonstrated. Traditional models of education are linked by the ideas that the relationship between teacher and students is asymmetric; the teacher transmits information and the students receive it; With the Web 2.0, traditional models of education should have been passed in favor of post-cognitivist models, where knowledge is distributed, situated and embodied. In this framework of interpretation, learning is no more a task-oriented process and knowledge is no longer transmitted but shared, co-constructed, and negotiated within a learning community. Likewise, Web 2.0 learning approaches allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to previous websites where people were limited to passive viewing of content.
Crowdsourcing Social Innovation
Authors: Musa Emanuele
Published: March 2019

The growing awareness of humanity's finite resources and recognition of the limitations of one-off projects are prompting step changes in development planning. Sustainable development addresses the limitations of current practices; its aim is to achieve the triple bottom line of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity, meeting the needs of present society without compromising resources for future generations. Collective intelligence is considered by both Charles Leadbeater (former advisor to Tony Blair) and MIT as one of the most powerful ways to tackle complex problems, like climate change. This chapter explores the principles of crowdsourcing, its applications and the main trends. It presents theories, practices and examples of the use of crowdsourcing to innovate in the area of sustainable development for the common good. It announces the rise of collective brain-power to the challenge of creating better and more effective forms of civic and social engagement to solve problems on a world scale.
Social Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos J. Freitas , Ribeiro J. Cadima
Published: March 2019

Entrepreneurial ecosystems and social entrepreneurship are receiving increasing attention for their ability to foster economic and social development. This study adopts the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach to analyse the extent to which the perceived favourability of external environment promotes or deters the launch of new ventures by social entrepreneurs. The research was based on a survey that collected data through a questionnaire emailed to Portuguese social entrepreneurship ventures. The results show that a favourable entrepreneurial ecosystem has low importance in the decision to develop new social ventures. This result is particularly consistent in more innovative social ventures. This conclusion supports the idea that many social ventures are not based on social innovation, but derive from a traditional approach to social problems. Therefore, the development of new innovative social ventures has to be supported by institutional stakeholders in order to support social entrepreneurs, regardless of the level of favourability of the entrepreneurial context.
Entrepreneurial Process and Financial Well-Being Generated by a Colombian Association of Vulnerable Individuals
Authors: Gomez-Nuñez Liyis , Sanchez-Barrios Luis Javier
Published: March 2019

Entrepreneurship is considered relevant in the economic growth of nations because of its impact in the creation of new jobs and innovations in the social and economic fields. Thus, governments and academia worldwide have shown interest on how to leverage on entrepreneurship in order to develop strategies that improve the quality of life of individuals. Entrepreneurship as a development strategy is extensive; it goes from the creation of new enterprises born as a result of a high market potential to those that arise as the only income-generating alternative. This chapter addresses the study of the entrepreneurial process in organizations created by associations of vulnerable individuals engendered by the income generation need, and using as reference the case of AGROSEC, located in Colombia. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Five interviews were completed using pre-established protocols that were applied to 3 members of the association.
Social Entrepreneurship Taxonomy
Authors: Guerra Alicia Guerra , Sánchez de Gómez Lyda
Published: March 2019

Regardless of the bubbling social entrepreneurship research, a generally accepted concept for this term. In fact, the current limited conceptual framework undermines the bases of this entrepreneurship and hinders rigorous scientific progress in this area of study. In this paper, the authors attempt to fix the conceptual framework of the social enterprise, for which we have opted for an integrated, broad open view of the concept, given the heterogeneous nature of its agents and its continuous evolution, as well as the type of social enterprises that may be inferred from it. They close by exploring the keys to success of these enterprises, certain specific factors of which only a few are shared by traditional enterprises. By applying a qualitative and quantitative methodology, which they triangulate, this analysis is implemented for Extremadura (Spain), a region that embarks on fostering social entrepreneurship based on the current view in a territory with a thin social enterprise network.
A Social Enterprise Business Model and a Case Study of Pacific Community Ventures (PCV)
Authors: Lee In
Published: March 2019

While there have been a significant number of studies in the management and operational side of social enterprise, the current theoretical framework of the business model in the strategic management area does not adequately take into consideration the unique characteristics of social enterprise and the context within which they must operate. By applying theoretical foundations in the strategic management, this paper fills the current research gap and develops a social enterprise business model. The proposed social enterprise business model is illustrated with a case study of Pacific Community Ventures. Finally, management guidelines of the social enterprise business model are discussed for social entrepreneurs.
Implementation of a Social Innovation Model for Economic Value Creation
Authors: Muñiz Avila Edgar , Rodríguez-Aceves Lucia , Flores-Castro Mario Adrián
Published: March 2019

This chapter reviews and discusses the multidimensionality of social innovation literature and relates it to some aspects of economic value creation. Moreover, it proposes a model for micro-businesses creation as a solution to reduce asset poverty. The model, characterized as a social innovation, was adapted to an academic program at the Tecnológico de Monterrey, which is one of the largest private universities in Mexico. The results of the pilot implementation clearly showed a positive impact in the increase in sales, job creation, and –consequently– the creation of economic value. Finally, the chapter highlights social innovation as an important input for governmental economic plans because the development level of a country is more important than its economic growth.
Crowdsourcing the Disaster Management Cycle
Authors: Harrison Sara E , Johnson Peter A
Published: March 2019

Crowdsourcing is a communication platform that can be used during and after a disastrous event. Previous research in crisis crowdsourcing demonstrates its wide adoption for aiding response efforts by non-government organizations and public citizens. There is a gap in understanding the government use of crowdsourcing for emergency management, and in the use of crowdsourcing for mitigation and preparedness. This research aims to characterize crowdsourcing in all phases of the disaster management cycle by government agencies in Canada and the USA. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 22 government officials from both countries reveal that crisis crowdsourced information is used in all phases of the disaster management cycle, though direct crowdsourcing is yet to be applied in the pre-disaster phases. Emergency management officials and scholars have an opportunity to discover new ways to directly use crowdsourcing for mitigation and preparedness.
Improving Accessibility Through VGI and Crowdsourcing
Authors: Cruz Igor Gomes , Campelo Claudio E.C.
Published: March 2019

Accessibility is an important element in the life of those who have certain limitations, such as the physically disabled and visually impaired people. However, one of the greatest challenges for this group is to find paths and areas adapted to their limitations while performing their daily activities, since not all environments they explore have these characteristics. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) and the crowdsourcing technique appear to be quite useful to develop solutions to overcome these challenges, since these techniques are naturally cheap as they rely on human sensors as the main agent of information delivery. In this chapter, we discuss how these techniques can help mitigate accessibility problems and present some existing research and applications in the field.
Conducting Survey Research Using MTurk
Authors: Chambers Silvana , Nimon Kim
Published: March 2019

This chapter presents an introduction to crowdsourcing for survey participant recruitment. It also discusses best practices and ethical considerations for conducting survey research using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Readers will learn the benefits, limitations, and trade-offs of using MTurk as compared to other recruitment services, including SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics. A synthesis of survey design guidelines along with a sample survey are presented to help researchers collect the best quality data. Techniques, including SPSS and R syntax, are provided that demonstrate how users can clean resulting data and identify valid responses for which workers could be paid. An overview and syntax for conducting longitudinal studies is provided as well.
Technology and Innovation
Authors: Berger Ron
Published: March 2019

This chapter deals with the speed to market as one of the most important competitive advantages in nowadays' markets. Responsiveness requires information sharing among all members across the supply chain and thus how to facilitate channel coordination is a major problem to address. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been employed to deal with this issue by re-engineering the supply chain. This Chapter addresses the issue of guanxi creation that is inherently based on an individual's knowledge and social networks to the technological implementation in the Chinese firm. An ERP system, that is based on access to technological networks based on Western business culture leading to potential conflict if implemented without cultural sensitivity as China is based on social business networks. There is a need to balance these two networks if harmony and business success is to be achieved.
Digital Inclusion, Crowdfunding, and Crowdsourcing in Brazil
Authors: Bonami Beatrice , Tubio Maria Lujan
Published: March 2019

In the present chapter, we map and characterize crowdsourcing and crowdfunding platforms that promote social entrepreneurship in the online universe. We first analyze relevant theoretical concepts and the existing literature on entrepreneurship, digital inclusion, information and open culture, digital culture, and social technologies to better understand the genesis and development of initiatives that promote social entrepreneurship in the online universe. Then, we map and describe the platforms that tried to encourage this type of entrepreneurship around the world, especially in Brazil. Finally, we examine some important aspects of the panorama of crowdfunding in Brazil. By exploring the current development of crowdfunding and crowdsourcing platforms at international level, we expect to contribute to the creation of new projects and policies that respond to the current demands of the network society.
Quality and Acceptance of Crowdsourced Translation of Web Content
Authors: Persaud Ajax , O'Brien Steven
Published: March 2019

Organizations make extensive use of websites to communicate with people. Often, visitors to their sites speak many different languages and expect that they will be served in their native language. Translation of web content is a major challenge for many organizations because of high costs and frequent changes in the content. Currently, organizations rely on professional translators or machines to translate their content. The challenge is that professional translations is costly and too slow while machine translations do not produce high quality or accurate translations even though they may be faster and less expensive. Crowdsourcing has emerged as a technique with many applications. The purpose of this research is to test whether crowdsourcing can produce equivalent or better quality translations than professional or machine translators. A crowdsourcing study was undertaken and the results indicate that the quality of crowdsourced translations was equivalent to professional translations and far better than machine translations. The research and managerial implications are discussed.
Business Strategies Creating Value for Social Entrepreneurs
Authors: Beharry-Ramraj Andrisha
Published: March 2019

Social entrepreneurs seek to make a difference in their societies. It starts with the identification of a specific social problem and devising a specific solution to address the problem. A historical overview of social entrepreneurs shows how individuals considered the greater good of society over self interest as well as the trickle down impact in order to achieve that difference. This chapter explores the various strategies available to social entrepreneurs and begins by defining strategy then presenting a broad spectrum of different competitive, social skills, growth, marketing and communications well as resource strategies that social entrepreneurs can adopt. The chapter concludes by presenting possible solutions and recommendations for social entrepreneurs.
The Potential of Crowdsourcing in the Health Care Industry
Authors: Ghosh Kaushik , Sen Kabir C.
Published: March 2019

Crowdsourcing has immense potential in the health care industry as it can tap into a vast global pool of knowledge to solve a wide variety of health care problems. This chapter first categorizes the different problems in the health care industry. It then describes some existing health care services and also discusses the future challenges that a typical crowdsourcing service could face. The chapter emphasizes the potential of crowdsourcing to disrupt old ideas and introduce new ones as well as a make a significant improvement in the social quality for different population groups.
Social Media Use by Chambers of Commerce and Industry (TCCI) in Turkey
Authors: Acilar Ali , Aydemir Muzaffer
Published: March 2019

This chapter empirically investigates the Turkish chambers of commerce and industry's social media usage. Specifically, the research explores the prevalence, types, frequency, reasons, and the most importantly effectiveness of social media usage among the Turkish Chambers of Commerce and Industry (TCCI). A web based survey conducted to gather data from the TCCI. The chapter consists of five main parts: Introduction, social media as a modern business imperative, survey about social media usage in Turkish chambers of commerce and industry, and conclusion.
Integrated and Transactional Platforms
Authors: Yablonsky Sergey
Published: March 2019

In recent years, crowdsourcing has increased in popularity as a method for gathering ideas for new innovations and providing solutions to existing problems. In this chapter, crowdsourcing intermediaries and business models are analyzed. How intermediaries' providers are managing interactions between different groups of platform actors (contributors) in order to receive new ideas, feedback, and solutions for improving consumers products and services is studied. Crowdfunding platforms are discussed based on crowdsourcing open innovation vision. Hence, research focuses on crowdfunding innovations for alternative financial services. The chapter aims to collect and analyze quality data regarding the current status and prospective evolution of crowdfunding. The study offers classification and examination of the current status of crowdfunding and proposes a definition of the crowdfunding multi-sided platform, develops research framework for crowdfunding platform comparison and business model analysis. The results of this chapter reveal benefits but also practical challenges to overcome before innovation crowdsourcing and crowdfunding intermediaries can be effectively utilized.
Creating Social Value in Societies
Authors: Idahosa Igbinakhase
Published: March 2019

This chapter critically examines social value creation in societies focusing on the “shared value” theory and stakeholders' “collective responsibility” hinged on social responsibility. The social value creation process is reviewed from the social entrepreneurship perspective considering the essential business/social inputs required to create social value for the business and the host society. The United Kingdom (UK) is used as a case study, depicting factors shaping the business environment. Other current meaningful developments, which include the Social Value Act 2012 that promotes social value creation in the country, are discussed. An analysis of the UK model of social value creation and why it will be difficult to implement in developing countries is also provided. Constraints such as poor infrastructure, corruption and other limiting factors are considered. Finally, social value creation is a sustainable process and every stakeholder benefits from its outcomes.
Social Business
Authors: Ferreira Maria João , Moreira Fernando , Seruca Isabel
Published: March 2019

Information systems and technologies (IST) are the essence of up-to date organizations, and changes in this field are occurring at an uncontrollable pace, interrupting traditional business models and forcing organisations to implement new models of business. Social media represent a subset of these technologies which contribute to organizational transformation. However, by itself, the adoption of social media does not imply such a transformation; changes in the organization's culture and behaviour are also needed. The use of IST in an appropriate and integrated way with the organization's processes will depend on an individual and collective effort. For organizations to take advantages of these technologies within the context of Social Business, a comprehension exercise is required in how to demonstrate their usefulness. To this end, this paper will provide a comprehensive view of a new context of labour faced by traditional organizations i.e. social business supported by mobile IST – mobile_Create, Share, Document and Training (m_CSDT) – in order to improve the well-being of these organizations through the collective intelligence and agility dimensions.
The Entrepreneur and Its Vision of Economic Development
Authors: Coronado Angelica María Jimenez , Ariza Carmen Esther Marquez
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this study, developed in the capital of Haiti, is to determine the effect of the business fabric to strengthen the social, economic, political and environmental structure of some variables of economic performance pertinent to the lack of alternatives and the need to meet basic daily needs and to identify innovation factors in different sectors to boost the economy in Haiti, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor study (GEM, 2016). The methodology is based on qualitative descriptive study developed from 17 in-depth interviews to determine the economic strategies of sustainability from the informality in young people and women with a greater perspective of innovation and challenge in spite of the environmental catastrophes that have not allowed the continuous growth of the Business economy. The results suggest some basic elements to build integral and dynamic strategy that seeks to attack the structural aspects and the manifestations to create impacts in the enterprise achieving sustainable and sustainable companies that can achieve changes with capacity for innovation.
Social Responsibility, Shared Value, and Business Modelling
Authors: Giosi Alessandro , Zaccaro Eleonora , Testarmata Silvia
Published: March 2019

While more and more businesses incorporate sustainability in their core business strategy, there has recently been a shift from corporate social responsibility (CSR) to the notion of creating shared value (CSV). This thesis investigates the emergence of new hybrid enterprises and innovative business models. Starting from a literature review about CSR and its evolution into the “Big Idea” proposed by Porter and Kramer, the chapter will analyse the link between business and society, especially in the developing countries where this link is stronger. The main aim is to identify the most effective business models that enhance the competitiveness of a company, while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. The general idea is that enterprises should have longer-term perspective on how they operate in relation to the external society and environment, addressing societal needs and challenges through the business itself, within a business model.
Network and Data Transfer Security Management in Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Yaokumah Winfred , Dawson Alex Ansah
Published: March 2019

This chapter explored communications security through the use of an empirical survey to assess the extent of network and data transfer security management in Ghanaian higher educational institutions. Network security management controls consist of monitoring of networks, posture checking, network segmentation, and defense-in-depth. Data transfer security management includes encryption, media access control, and protection of data from public networks. Data were collected from information technology (IT) personnel. The ISO/IEC 21827 maturity model for assessing IT security posture was used to measure the controls. Overall, the result showed that the institutions were at the planned stage of communications security management. In particular, network monitoring, defense-in-depth, and the protection of data from public networks were the most applied controls. Conversely, posture checking was the least applied control. Higher educational institutions need to review their communications security plans and better manage network and data transfer security controls to mitigate data breaches.
Business Transaction Privacy and Security Issues in Near Field Communication
Authors: Jayapandian N.
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this chapter is to discuss various security threats and solution in business transactions. The basic working principle and theoretical background of near field communication (NFC) technology is discussed. A component of NFC communication section is to be discussed on various NFC operation modes and RFID tags. NFC technology is used in various fields such as electronic toll collection and e-payment collection for shopping. This device-to-device payment system is facing major security issues. This NFC communication data is transferred from one terminal to another terminal by using short-range radio frequency. Data hackers try to access this radio frequency and attack the business transaction. This hybrid encryption algorithm is used to solve business transaction data security issues. This chapter deals with both key encryption and data encryption processes.
A Noble Algorithm to Secure Online Data Transmission One Hundred Percent at Zero Cost
Authors: Sharma Alok , Sharma Nidhi
Published: March 2019

This noble algorithm to provide security to online data transfer is an excellent means by which security can be received in transferring data over the network, and it cannot be detected by any technique or tools available in the market with attacker, unwanted parties, and intruder. In this chapter, a noble algorithm to secure data in online transmission is proposed that provides one hundred percent security to online data. This process makes the communication one hundred percent secure.
Revaluing Saltscapes in Portugal
Authors: Balsas Carlos José Lopes
Published: March 2019

Solar salinas in Portugal are progressively changing from places of work to places of tourism. The research question is the extent to which these special landscapes have been understood, marketed, and enhanced to the benefit of mostly tourists and visitors or also local constituencies. This research question arises from a sense of stigmatization, perceived lack of potential, and outmoded technological development associated with traditional cultural heritage and sun and sea tourism paradigms. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze how two Portuguese municipalities (i.e., Aveiro and Figueira da Foz) have engaged in the rehabilitation of their solar salinas. The argument is that given the considerable natural areas of wetlands in the case studies, solar salinas, and their potentialities from ecotourism and environmental education ought to perform a more central role in the municipalities' territorial development strategies. The key finding is the identification of a set of lessons learned useful to the partial rehabilitation of solar salinas.
Surface Modification Process by Electrical Discharge Machining with Tungsten Carbide Powder Mixing in Kerosene Fluid
Authors: Le Van Tao , Banh Tien Long , Tran Xuan Thai , Thi Hong Minh Nguyen
Published: March 2019

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is widely used to process hard materials in the industry. The process of electrical discharge is changed and called PMEDM when alloy powder is added in the oil dielectric. In the current study, the effect of tungsten carbide alloy powder added in the dielectric on the surface roughness (Ra) and the micro hardness of surface (HV) status of the workpiece SKD61 after machining is investigated. Studies show that the surface roughness and the micro hardness of surface obtained by PMEDM is generally better than that by normal EDM. The method can be applied for improving surface quality such as improving strengthening of molds and machine parts.
Determining the Optimal Parameters of Chip Shrinkage Coefficient and Cutting Force in High-Speed Machining for Aluminum Alloy A6061
Authors: Pham Duc Thanh , Duc Toan Nguyen , Doan Thi Huong , Phạm Thị Hoa
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, increasing the productivity and the quality of machining become major challenges of the metal cutting process. Due to the complexity of the chip formation process, in particular, at high cutting speeds, finite element model (FEM) has been frequently used as an alternative solution. Chip shrinkage coefficient and cutting force are the two basic parameters of the cutting process, which determines the productivity and quality of the workpiece. This study uses a Grey correlation relationship to analyze and select the common set of parameters for cutting force and chip shrinkage coefficient of the chip. Simulation of the A6061 aluminum alloy high-speed milling is done by Bao-Wierzbicki's (B-W) model. The optimal parameters are determined cutting depth 1 mm, clearance angle 6oand rake angle 10o. This parameter set adjusts the cut parameters so that the cutting process achieves the highest machining efficiency.
Experimental Researching of Thermal - Assisted Milling with Induction on Surface Roughness of SKD11 Steel
Authors: Bich Mac Thi , Hoa Pham Thi , Long Banh Tien , Duc Toan Nguyen
Published: March 2019

This paper presents experimental studied results about surface roughness during end milling SKD11 steel under room temperature and work-piece preheated condition. Conventional samples were first performed. The samples which are same technical parameters were then performed at elevated temperatures to evaluate effective of heating process on the surface roughness. Orthogonal array Taguchi method was used to experimental design. The results showed that the surface quality of product was significantly improved under thermal - assisted milling. The surface roughness model during machining at room and elevated temperatures were evaluated and showed a good agreement with result of experiments.
A Simulation Study on Improving Formability of SUS304 Sheet Metal Deep Drawing Process
Authors: Duc Toan Nguyen , Vu Duc Thuyen
Published: March 2019

In the traditional mold manufacturing process, manual methods are mostly used to design, fabricate and then perform forming test to find out the reasonable processing mode for the product. Thanks to the development of technology, the forming design can be greatly reduced by using commercial software. This study uses a combination of ABAQUS software and TAGUCHI algorithms to calculate and design products. By using simulation tool, the fracture, safety, wrinkles as well as stress and strain on the surface of the product can be easily predicted after forming process. So that, the forming process were firstly simulated and executed on the software to find out important parameters. The variance analysis (ANOVA) was then performed to assess the effect of each parameter. Finally, the optimum solution for the product was selected based on ranking levels of each parameter.
Study of Possibility of Producing Syngas from Industrial Scale Continuous Downdraft Coffee Husk Gasifier
Authors: Tung Nguyen Dinh
Published: March 2019

This study presents the possibility of producing syngas from the industrial scale continuous downdraft coffee husk gasifier. Experimental results show that, the ratio of main combustible gases obtained in syngas is as follows: CO » 29.07 %, H2 » 11.97 %, CH4 » 2.16 %. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the ratio of components of syngas was determined. Through the experimental optimization process, optimal technological parameters so that the quality of syngas obtained is best achieved, was determined, specifically: moisture content (10.52 %); wind flow (56.75 m3/h); fuel consumption rate (100.35 kg/h).