bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RARE AND INTERESTING PRESENTATION OF EMPHYSEMATOUS BULLAE
Authors: Maithry Gudala Sri Naga , Iyer Raju S , Rao L.Nageswara
Published: May 2021

The term bullous disease is reserved for multiple bullae in lungs that are otherwise normal.This entity is different in etiology and pathogenesis from
that in which bullae occur in conjunction with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The present report is regarding a case of
emphysematous bullae in a 31 yr old female in right lower lobe.The patient underwent right lower lung segmental resection where fungal ball was
found intraoperatively and was removed.The patient had an uneventful recovery postoperatively
RCT OF EMAMI BLENDED EDIBLE VEGETABLE OIL ON MAINTAINING / IMPROVING IMMUNITY ALONG WITH CARDIO-VASCULAR HEALTH, DIABETES, GASTRIC HEALTH AND BONE HEALTH
Authors: Das Himanish
Published: May 2021

Due to the modern food habits and lifestyle that include consumption of junk, unhealthy food, lack of exercise, improper sleep, we are getting more
prone to 'metabolic syndrome' or 'lifestyle disorders'. Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL
cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, low bone density, weak immunity, digestive impairment etc. Nowadays, this syndrome is prevailing in
all age groups and not only restricted to middle ages. Studies in urban India found about one-third of Indians suffer from metabolic syndrome.
Emami Agrotech Ltd., Kolkata formulated the Emami Blended Edible Vegetable Oil – EBEVO 3 (blend of 2 oils with vitamins A,C,D,E and omega
3 according to DRD) i.e., Emami Healthy & Tasty Immunity Booster which is meant to maintain/ improve the metabolic syndrome.
Therefore a multi-centric, double blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial was undertaken at 8 distinct sites in Kolkata under 2 investigators.
A volunteer pool of 100 healthy participants were recruited based on inclusion criteria of the trial. Healthy as well as participants who were prone to
or diagnosed as suffering from any of the ve health disorders(Immunity, Cardio vascular diseases/hypertension, Diabetes, GI problems &Acidity
and Bone health).
Results: In order to assess the efcacy of the products specic pathological parameters were set for diagnosis before and after the treatment. The
results are also indicative of Group A (EBEVO 3) oil showing positive changes, maintenance of normal range before and after consumption in
systemic disease parameters such as Immunity status, Cardio-vascular health, Diabetes, Gastric health and Bone Health
CORRELATION OF MRI BRAINS WITH NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME AT 12 MONTHS OF AGE IN NEWBORNS WITH HYPOXIC ISCHAEMIC ENCEPHALPATHY AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL OF KOLKATA: A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Bose Adrita , Chandra Das Gobinda , Dey Debasish , Singh Dipak
Published: May 2021

Introduction:In spite of an improved understanding of its pathogenesis , perinatal asphyxia and resulting hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
is one of the most dreaded neurological disease of the newborn. Published data show that 25-60% of the babies who survive, suffer from permanent
neuro developmental handicaps including cerebral palsy, seizures, mental retardation, and learning disabilities.
Aims & Objectives: To correlate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain with neurological outcome at 12 months in term (more than or equal
to 37 weeks gestational age) neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.
Materials And Methods: Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of R G Kar Medical College & Hospital,
Kolkata(2) Department of Radiology of R.G.Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. From February 1st, 2019 to July 31st 2020. Aprospective
observational study in longitudinal design.
Results:All the babies with fetal bradycardia(N=19) had abnormal cardiotocographical ndings, out of them 16 babies had suspicious suspicious
ndings and 3 had pathological cardiotocographical ndings. Most of the cases with abnormal CTS (N=19) i.e. Suspicious(N1=16)+
Pathological(N2=3) were delivered by LSCS(18) followed by breech vaginal (1). About 45.5 % of the study population had MSL (meconium
stained liquor), followed by clear liquor(27.3%), blood stained (21.21%). Only 6.1% showed features of chorioamionitis with foul smelling liquor.
Summary & Conclusion:Though normal MRI babies can later be normal or may have minor disabilities in future. But MRIs showing moderate to
severe grade of injuries always resulted in severe neuromotor disabilities like cerebral palsies.
Further large population studies in other regions of India are to be conducted to emphasize the role of a validated MRI Scoring system to determine
the possible clinical outcomes. This will help to initiate early interventions and thus can improve outcomes.
A STUDY OF SERUM PRO-CALCITONIN LEVELS AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Verma Somil , Pratap Mahendra , Mathur S.L
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Initial evidence suggests that
Procalcitonin (PCT) can act as a potential blood based biomarker in AMI. Therefore, it may be helpful in prognostication and risk-stratication of
patients with STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and help us to predict the risk of cardiovascular complications and outcome.
AIM- To study the association of PCTlevels at the time of admission with incidence of cardiovascular complications in terms of cardiogenic shock,
heart failure, arrhythmia and death in patients admitted with STEMI.
METHOD- Aprospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre of India. Patients diagnosed with STEMI were enrolled in the
study after making the necessary exclusions. The PCT levels were checked at the time of admission along with electrocardiography (ECG),
Echocardiography, Troponin I ,total leukocyte count (TLC), blood urea, creatinine and liver function test (LFT). Patients were followed till
discharge / death and outcomes were recorded.
RESULT- Two hundred and fty patients were included in the study (57.60 % males, mean age- 59.77±13.63 years). High PCT levels (>0.10
ng/ml) were signicantly associated with cardiovascular complications in terms of cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia's, heart failure and signicant
left ventricular dysfunction. Raised PCTlevel was found to be a good predictor of mortality (relative risk =10.51).
CONCLUSION- Raised PCT levels were associated with higher cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients with STEMI. PCT levels
at the time of admission may be useful as a biomarker in prognostication and risk stratication of STEMI patients.
GUIDED ENDODONTIC ACCESS
Authors: Nair Manuja , Devadathan A
Published: May 2021

We have come a long way in dentistry from “extension for prevention” to “prevention of extension”. Asimilar approach in endodontics is going to
change the future of dental practice with Minimal Invasive Endodontics (MIE). MIE mainly includes preservation of structural integrity of tooth,
alternate access cavity designs, guided endodontic access, modern burs, cleaning and shaping, 3D irrigation and disinfection, magnication aids
like loupes and dental operating microscope. Survival of an endodontically treated tooth depends mainly on its remaining structural integrity after
access preparation. The concept of Conservative endodontic cavities (CEC) was introduced to preserve the pericervical dentin (PCD), which is
crucial to transfer the occlusal load to the root. In traditional endodontic cavities (TEC) much of PCD is lost which reduces the fracture resistance of
tooth. Guided endodontic access was introduced as an attempt to preserve the PCD. It ensures predictable outcome without any procedural errors.
The present paper attempts to narratively summarize the scope of Guided endodontic access in dental practice and explain its benets to the
practitioners compared with conventional technique
SYNERGISTIC APPROACH OF INDIAN AYURVEDIC MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUSPECTED CASES OF COVID-19.
Authors: Nimje Abhishek , Ramteke Harshawardhan Dhanraj
Published: May 2021

On January 31,2020. World health organisation declared A public health emergency of international concern . On the date March 16, 2021.
Infecting 11,92,18,587 people and resulting 26,42,673 deaths. A novel Corona Virus was isolated in the Wuhan, China in the December of 2019.
Here we report 4 cases and their line of treatment for the COVID-19. In this report we describe 4 cases and their speedy recovery after the
synergistically use of Indian ayurvedic Medicine and Modern Medicine for the treatment. This Report also describes the identication, diagnosis,
clinical treatment and management including doing the physical exercise, pranayama and spirometry exercise. This all the combination of the
procedures in the treatment helped the patients to recover soon.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE CD44 EXPRESSION IN INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH HISTOLOGIC GRADE AND PTNM STAGING
Authors: Rakshit Anish kumar , Bag Krishnendubikas , Barui Gopinath
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The class mammalian is remarkable for the evolution of modied skin appendages that provide complete nourishment and
immunological protection to the young. The breasts form a secondary sexual feature of females and are the source of nutrition for the neonate. They
are also present in a rudimentary form in males.
Aims And Objectives: Histomorphological study of invasive breast carcinoma on mastectomy specimens and its categorization on the basis
ofhistologic grading and PTNM staging. Expression prole of immunohistochemical marker CD44 on invasive breast carcinoma. Correlation
between CD44 expression with tumour grade and PTNM staging. Microscopic diagnosis and histopathological analysis of invasive breast
carcinoma and its categorization on histologic grading and PTNM staging. Expression of CD44 in invasive breast carcinoma after
histopathological diagnosis. Correlation of CD44 expression with that of tumour grade and PTNM staging.
Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on a group of patients admitted in Department of General Surgery in collaboration with the
Department of Pathology, R G Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata over a period of 18 months. Cross sectional observational descriptive
study.
Conclusion: The main strength of our study was tertiary care hospital set-up, having infrastructure supportive enough to enable us to study
invasive breast carcinoma from various socio-economic background, with diverse mode of presentation. We were able to do the necessary
investigations in each case. There were some limitations in our study as limited duration of time, small sample size, unable to follow up results. This
study needs to be extrapolated to a large population based sample with nancial support sufcient enough to nd relationship of expression of
biomarker with grade and stage of tumour. In short, the present study has revealed various facets of breast carcinomas keeping comparable results
with different studies. These ndings need to be conrmed by a larger prospective cohort.
“MEAN PLATELET VOLUME CORRELATED TO GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS”
Authors: Qureishi Rifat , Sutrakar S. K , Kol P C , Singh UR , Usmani M H
Published: May 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a global pandemic. The number of people with diabetes in India increased from 26·0 million in
1990 to 65·0 million in 2016. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered as a 'prothrombotic state' with enhanced platelet reactivity. Diabetic
patients have an increased risk of developing micro and macro vascular diseases, and platelets may be involved as putative agents owing to their
altered morphology, function and activation. It is an established fact that the value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of long-term
glucoregulation, should be kept below 7% in order to reduce the risk of micro and macrovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(DMT2) patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been correlated with vascular complications of DMT2. MPV as a marker of platelet size,
function & activation may serve as another potential marker of risk of micro-vascular and macrovascular complications in DMT2 patients.
Aims-To study correlation between MPV, and HbA1c in DMT2 patients.
Methods- Over a period of 24 months, patients aged between 30 to 60 years, diagnosed with DMT2 and subtyped based on American Diabetic
Association Criteria (ADA) as having HbA1c either less than 7% - DMT2 (Controlled group) or with HbA1c more than 7% - DMT2 (Uncontrolled
group) were included in the present study. Non-diabetic patients ('Non Diabetic Group) were included based on their fasting and post prandial
blood glucose levels and served as controls. Venous blood samples were tested for fasting, postprandial and random blood sugar estimation by
GOD-POD method, MPV by automated cell counter and HbA1c by HPLC, within one hour of sampling. Results were statistically tested using
(R) unpaired t Test by SPSS Software (version 22).
Results- Among 236 patients studied, 66 were 'Non-diabetic controls' & 170 were having diabetes (DMT2). Of those having DMT2, 94 patients
belonged to DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) 76 patients belonged to DMT2 (Controlled group). MPV in Non-diabetic group, DMT2 (Controlled
group) and DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) was 10.01 ± 1.12 , 10.76 ± 1.11  and 11.67 ± 1.83  respectively. MPVwas signicantly higher in DMT2
group compared to Non-diabetic group (10.82 ± 1.31  vs 10.01 ± 1.12 , p < 0.0001), MPV was also signicantly higher in DMT2 (Uncontrolled
group) compared to DMT2 (Controlled group) (11.67 ± 1.83  vs. 10.76 ± 1.11 , p < 0.0001).
Conclusion- In the present study Mean Platelet Volume was found to be signicantly higher in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patient compared to Nondiabetic patients. Higher MPV also correlated with higher HbA1c, being higher in those with higher HbA1c. It can be concluded that MPV may be
useful as inexpensive surrogate marker of HbA1c in the diagnosis and prognosis of vascular complications of DMT2 patients.
STUDY ON PATTERN AND PREVALENCE OF BENIGN BREAST DISEASE IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Khare Anurag , Awasthi Raj
Published: May 2021

Background: Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders including developmental abnormality, epithelial and stromal
proliferation, inammatory lesions and neoplasm. Benign breast lesions deserve attention because of their high prevalence, their impact on
women's life and due to cancerous potential of some histological types. Treatment of BBDS is preservation of breast tissue as far as possible in
contrast to traumatizing mutilating surgeries in breast cancers. Objectives:To study pattern and presentation of benign breast lesions over a period
of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Material and Methods: This study of 180 cases of histologically diagnosed benign
breast lesions was carried out in the Department of Pathology, at tertiary care teaching hospital with attached peripheral hospitals in a metropolitan
city of western India from August 2018 to July 2019. Results: Out of 180 benign lesions, 175 (97.2%) were found in females and 05 (2.8%) were
found in males. Commonest benign breast lesion was broadenoma (86.1%), followed by brocystic disease (2.2%) and gynaecomastia (2.8%).
Conclusion: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast disease. Most of the patients presented with painless lump in the breast in upper
outer quadrant of the breast. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of benign breast diseases.
STUDY OF HER2 NEU POSITIVITY IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA
Authors: Jangir Ritu , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Anjali , Sareen Rateesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction- HER2 is now well recognized as a key factor in the development of certain solid human tumors .The expression of Her2/ Neu in
gastrointestinal malignancies is new concept with paucity of literature.
Aim- The present study was conducted in a tertiary care cancer hospital in India to evaluate Clinicopathological features in resected cases of
gastrointestinal cancer cases and their correlation with Her2/Neu expression by Immunohistochemistry.
Material & Methods- The present study was carried out in department of pathology at regional cancer tertiary centre from October 2017 to
October 2019. The cases were selected on basis of inclusion & exclusion criteria.Her2/Neu expression was assessed in all 100 cases.
Results- In present study HER2/neu status was determined on 100 cases by immune histochemistry and all IHC 3+ are accepted as HER2/neu
positive cases, 2+ were equivocal and 1+/0 were negative. Out of 100 cases, 8 cases (8%) show HER2/neu 3+, 5 cases were HER2/neu 2+, 20 cases
showed HER2/neu 1+ score and 67 cases showed Her2 Neu score 0. The mean age of all tumors was 53.7year (Standard Deviation 14.08 ) (P
=0.59). Mean age of gastric and GEJ cancer 57.1 year (SD-12.01), small intestine cancer 57.7 year (SD-7.41), pancreatobiliary cancer 55.50 year
(SD-14.86),colon cancer 54.5 year (SD-13.94),rectal cancer 52.1 year (SD- 15.45).Out of 100 cases , 59 cases were male and 41 were female
(M:F= 1.4:1In the GIT tumors no statistically signicant association was found between her2/ neu status with histological type , T stage , size of
tumor , grade and TNM stage . The only signicant association of Her/ 2 Neu was found with Modied Astler coller staging.
Conclusion- Modied Astler Coller stage can be used as screening test for centers where facility of Her2neu test not available.
ANALYSIS OF ENIGMA OF NASOPHARYNGEAL FOREIGN BODY EMERGENCY AND ITS MANAGEMENT - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Poornima , Eswaran Sudhagar
Published: May 2021

Mechanism of entry of foreign body into nasopharynx can sometimes be confusing and is easily overlooked in the routine foreign body workup and
acts as a hidden area for vanishing foreign bodies. Authors emphasize the importance of parental education and awareness to avoid digital
manipulation/extraction of ingested foreign bodies
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS (CRS)
Authors: Cheruvu Saranya Chithra , Saravanam Prasanna Kumar , Balakumar Vivekanandan , Venkataraman Srinivasan
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess the levels of Vitamin D in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its correlation with disease severity
Methods: The study is an analytical cross -sectional study of patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the serum levels of Vitamin D in
them.Controls have been used to compare the level of Vitamin D in healthy versus diseased population
Results: There is an inverse correlation between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and serum Vitamin D levels amongst the various subtypes of
CRS.
Conclusion: This study has observed that Vitamin D levels may have a denitive role in pathogenesis and severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. On
review of literature, it was noted that very few Studies have discussed this issue.
PATTERNS OR PREDICTION? USE OF CALCORRUGOSCOPY AS AN INDICATOR OF PERIODONTAL HEALTH.
Authors: Mukherjee Archisman , Mondal Kaustabh , Chaudhuri Soumya Roy , Chakraborty Abhijit
Published: May 2021

Background: Calcorrugoscopy is the macroscopic analysis of the rugae patterns present on patients' casts made of dental stone.
Aim: The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to nd the correlation between rugae pattern and periodontitis for prediction of individuals
prone to periodontitis.
Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 200 Subjects who were selected in the age group of 35-44years and grouped as 100
with healthy periodontium and 100 with chronic periodontitis. Rugae patterns were photographed and impression casts were fabricated. The casts
were subjected to calcorrugoscopy and were statistically analysed.
Results: The number of rugae were found to be more in normal healthy individuals as compared to those having chronic periodontitis.
Conclusion: The differences in the number and shape of rugae patterns in normal healthy individuals and those with periodontitis may be attributed
to the disease progression.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANESTHETIC EFFICACY OF 4% ARTICAINE WITH 1:100000 EPINEPHRINE AND 2% LIDOCAINE WITH 1:100000 EPINEPHRINE FOR INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK AND LONG BUCCAL NERVE BLOCK DURING ROOT CANAL TREATMENT: AN IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Vasava Nupur , Joshi Chintan , Parekh Vaishali
Published: May 2021

Background: It is important to control the pain associated with root canal treatment (RCT) in endodontic. Pain accompanying fear and anxiety due
to endodontic treatment can be reduced by anesthetic techniques. The present study aims to compare the effect of articaine versus lidocaine local
anesthesia for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and long buccal nerve block on pain during RCT.
METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular posterior tooth were selected. The patients
randomly received either cartridge of lidocaine or articaine using IANB and long buccal nerve block. The patients were randomly divided into two
groups of ten. Group 1: patients received IANB and long buccal nerve block 2% lidocaine with 1:100000 epinephrine. Group 2: patients received
IANB and long buccal nerve block with 4% articaine with 1:100000 epinephrine. Before the Injection, the patient received all information about
the visual analysis scale (VAS). Pain was evaluated using VAS scale in numberic value 1 to 10 number. The pain was evaluated at three different
stages: before administration of LA, after immediate access opening, and after immediate obturation procedure. Data were analyzed using various
suitable statistical tests.
RESULT: The mean value of efcacy of pain before administration of local anesthesia (LA) was 8.50 ± 0.97 for lidocaine and 8.30 ± 0.48 for
articaine had no signicant difference. A signicant difference was observed at two different duration after immediate access opening and after
immediate obturation where articaine has a lower mean value 3.60 ± 1.08 and 1.60 ± 0.17 respectively (P>0.05) as compared to the mean value of
lidocaine 4.10 ± 1.10 and 1.60 ± 0.17 respectively
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis articaine 4% did not alleviate pain much and showed
better anesthetic efcacy than 2% lidocaine with IANB and long buccal nerve block.
DETERMINING NEW ANTHROPOMETRIC MARKERS FOR SCREENING TYPE 2 DM IN A CARIBBEAN REGION.
Authors: Rajput Amruta , K Gupta Upendra , Tzivion Guri , Rajput Ravindrasingh
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the Caribbean is high. BMI has been criticized as a measure for predicting T2 DM development
because it does not discern between fat mass and muscle mass, nor does it reect an individual's fat distribution. The primary objective of the study
was to determine the association between Indices using height, waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) with development of T2 DM by
comparing it to existing markers in test subjects and assessing their feasibility as predictive indicators for the development of Type 2 DM. In a
cross-sectional study, a total of 331 subjects were involved in the study utilizing health centers and health camps in St Kitts (West Indies). Height
was measured using Stadiometer, Weight using a calibrated digital weighing scale. Waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) was
measured using calibrated tape. ABI (Arav Body Index) is measured using a ratio of Waist and Combined Thigh & Height, Thigh to waist ratio
(TWR) and Wrist to arm ratio (WAR) was compared to WHtR, WHR and BMI. ABI had the highest AUROC value among the ve adiposity indices
(0.803, 95% condence interval [CI], 0.755 to 0.851; 0.785, 95% CI, 0.735 to 0.835 for WHtR; WHtR (0.785), WTR (0.672), WAR (0.652) and
BMI (0.626). The cutoff values for ABI were 0.43. Among subjects with ABI less than 0.42, 83.8% (129) did not have type 2 DM and ABI more than
0.48, 90.2 % (51) had T2 DM. Hence, higher ABI strongly correlates with development of T2 DM. We conclude that ABI could be a more reliable
tool for identifying individuals at risk of developing type 2 DM. This will help at-risk individuals to take preventive measures like lifestyle
modication.
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF D- DIMER TEST IN THE PREDICTION AND EXCLUSION OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COMBINATION WITH PRETEST PROBABILITY SCORE AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.
Authors: Tyagi Veerendra , Magnani K.K , Shrivastava Jyoti P , Jain Arun , Mangal K.S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Clinical suspicion of venous thromboembolism requires objective testing to predict and exclude the diagnosis. Plasma D-dimer is
sensitive marker for thrombosis but lack specicity. The combined use of pretest probability score and D-dimer can be used for exclusion of VTE
and safely avoid costly imaging tests.
Material and Methods: In this prospective observational study, we used Wells PTP score and D-dimer test to evaluate 50 patients who presented
with sign and symptoms of VTE. Radiological imaging studies were taken as conrmatory test.
Result: The sensitivity, specicity and NPV of D-dimer test were 100%, 83.7% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity, specicity and NPV of Ddimer test in combination with low PTP score were 100%, 72.1% and 100% respectively. The agreement between radiologically conrmed cases
and D-dimer test was signicant.
Conclusion: D-dimer test can be safely used in low or moderate PTP score patients to exclude VTE and costly invasive radiological imaging
studies can be obviated in a signicant proportion of patients.
“STUDY OF SURGICAL PROBLEM IN OLD AGE PATIENTS”
Authors: Sambhaji Shinde Sagar , Singh L.M. , Yedalwar Vinod , Gupta Rachna , Br Pooja
Published: May 2021

Background: Elderly patients frequently present with surgical emergencies to health care providers, and outcomes in this group of patients remain
poor. Contributing factors include frailty, preexisting comorbidity, polypharmacy, delayed diagnosis, and lack of timely and consultant-led
treatment. In this review, we address common emergency surgical presentations in the elderly and highlight the specic challenges in caring for
these patients. We summarize 20 years of reports by various medical bodies that have aimed to improve the care of these patients. The prime aim of
the surgeon is to prolong useful and good quality of life after surgery.
Methods- The proposed study includes patients with age 60 years & above who were admitted through surgical Out Patient Department, Casualty
&/or were transferred from other departments. Patients were then thoroughly examined with details of general, systemic and local examination and
a provisional diagnosis was made on clinical grounds of the underlying surgical problems and associated systemic disorders with medical problems
like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, nephropathy & mental illnesses.
Results- Majority of patients were male (70.71%) with male: female ratio of 2.4:1 Elderly patients admitted were suffering from Medical illness
associated with surgical problems commonest being DM (39.68%) followed by ANEMIA (35.15%), HTN (23.75%) and Tuberculosis (1.40%).
Majority of elderly patients in both sexes were suffering from GIT disorders (27.31%). In males second common system involved was
Genitourinary system (32.10%) followed by Skin & soft tissue lesions (20.58%), hernia (13.10%) and Hepato-biliary System (7.82%) In females
second common system involved was Hepato-biliary system (25.66%) followed by skin & soft tissue lesion (23.88%), Breast lesions (6.25%).
Conclusion- In geriatric age group a large number of operations are procrastinated because of co-existing medical illnesses, nancially dependent
status of elderly, lack of support care system to look after in postoperative period specially in this era of nuclear family and above all his/her own
reluctance for denitive surgery unless condition is life threatening. Finally, I wish to stress the importance of taken care of senior citizen. If not
taken care of, a large number of very old patients on whom surgery will be difcult. I insist, the attention towards this fact..
ROLE OF GRAY-SCALE AND DOPPLER ULTRASOUND OF CAROTID ARTERY IN RISK STRATIFICATION OF STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Banerjee Sukanya , Mukhopadhyay Mainak , Kar Auriom , Sahai Shivesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. According to a report of World Health
Organization (WHO) in 2005, cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused 17.5 million (30%) of the 58 million deaths that occurred worldwide. While
the prevalence and mortality due to CHD is declining in the developed nations the same cannot be held true for developing countries.
Aims And Objective: This study aimed to establish the role of Gray Scale USG and carotid artery Doppler study as a leading investigation in
general population presenting with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. It intended to evaluate the frequency and degree of carotid artery stenosis in
these patients & also assess the morphology of atherosclerotic plaque and IMT which are clearly related to pathogenesis and aid in planning and
management.
Materials And Methods: Adult persons attending to Nilratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata both at OPD and Ward, with Stable
Ischemic Heart disease that has undergone coronary angiography were chosen as the Study population.
Result And Analysis: Our study showed that 62 % of the patients were above 60 years of age. 84 % of our patients were male.74% of our patients
had history of smoking. 70 % of our patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. 72 % of our patients were dyslipidemic. 78% of the patients were
hypertensive. 80 % of patients had increased carotid artery tunica intima media thickening. 66 % of patients had presence of atheromatous plaque in
carotid arteries.
Summary And Conclusion: However, our study did corroborate with the other available studies except for few deviations like increased number
of modiable risk factors in our group. Our study clearly demonstrated Metabolic syndrome –X as a strong risk factor for ischemic heart disease
and also suggested early medical treatment can prevent future recurrence. Larger multicentric trials may be necessary in future, for further
validation
A STUDY ON EXPRESSION PROFILE OF BASAL MARKER CD44 AND LUMINAL MARKER CK20 IN UROTHELIAL NEOPLASM AND ITS CORRELATION WITH WHO GRADING AND STAGING OF TUMOUR
Authors: Bag Krishnendubikas , Rakshit Anish kumar , Barui Gopinath
Published: May 2021

Aim: Histomorphological study of urothelial carcinoma on TRBT and Cystectomy specimen and its categorization on the basis of WHO grading &
pTNM staging and to nd out the correlation between CK20 and CD44 exprression with tumour grade, pTNM staging.
Material And Method: This descriptive cross sectional prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, R G Kar Medical
College & Hospital Kolkata in collaboration with Department of Urosurgery, R G Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. The
present study is intended to nd out over expression of CD44 & CK20 in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder and correlate with tumour grade and
clinical features.
Result: There is strong association between CD44, CK20 expression and Stage of Urothelial Carcinoma cases and had a strong association
between CD44 expressions and grade Urothelial Carcinoma cases.
Conclusion: CK20 overexpression was seen more signicantly in High Grade tumours HGPUC (p < 0.05) as well as advanced stage pT2 and
CD44 overexpression was more signicantly in lower grade tumours LGPUC (p<0.05) as well as lower stages pT1 in urothelial carcinoma. An
inverse relasionship was noted in the staining patterns of CK20 and CD44 within individual cases as well as aggregate data,with (68.24%) of
tumours with CD44 loss showing CK20 positivity.
EMERGING LEADER IN STEM CELL THERAPY: HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS-FUTURE THERAPEUTIC TRENDS
Authors: Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Ambat Roshini , Vikraman Sushamma , Nagasree N Geetha , Hariharan Hariharan , Swamy Victor Sitarama , Sairama Varma Jutukonda , Mohanty Sujatha , Padmaja Jyothi , Prakash Hema , Bisoi A K , Venugopal P
Published: May 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells widely distributed in the bone marrow, umbilical cord, fat, and other tissues and
have high proliferation, multi-differentiation, and immunoregulatory abilities. They can inhibit the proliferation of immune cells and the secretion
of inammatory factors [26]. Compared with MSCs from other sources, human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) have many advantages, such as
a wide source, easy access to materials, strong proliferation ability, low immunogenicity, and great differentiation potential. They are most likely to
become pluripotent stem cells with clinical application prospects. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells – WJMSC- provide three classic
advantages – ease of collection with no legal or ethical issues, high differentiating potential and low immunogenicity. Shorter doubling time (21)
and an extensive ex vivo expansion capacity provides yet another privileged status to these cells compared with embryonic stem cells. Therapeutic
potential of these cells lie in their immuno-modulatory properties involving both innate and adaptive immunity. Graft vs Host disease (GvHD),
Post transplant scenarios and autoimmune disorders could witness a revolution in treatment approach with greater understanding of the mechanism
action of these cells. Regenerative medicine should get an immense benet from proper understanding and utilization of these cells.
“EFFECT OF MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON SPASTIC MUSCLES AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN CHRONIC STROKE SUBJECT”- A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Mewada Vijal , Barot Karishma
Published: May 2021

Background: Stroke is damage to the brain from interruption of blood supply causing altered sensations, reduced muscle power and tone, reduced
joint mobility and stability, balance, gait impairment leading to plegia or paresis. Hemiplegia causes paralysis of one side of the body leading to
inactivity, impaired movements, posture and gait pattern. Spasticity is increase in tonic stretch reexes with exaggerated tendon jerks. Myofascial
release is a manipulative treatment that helps reduce fascial tension.
Purpose:The aim of study was to nd out the effectiveness of Myofascial Release on spasticity of hamstrings, calf, adductors and biceps muscles
in spastic hemiplegic subject.
Methodology:Atotal 30 participants of middle aged group were diagnosed with chronic spastic hemiplegia. They were divided in two groups by
randomized sampling, of which 15 (controlled group) and 15 (experimental group) who were treated with MFR and conventional treatment. Pre
and Post treatment measures of Modied Ashworth Scale, Modied Tardieu Scale, Functional Independence Measure and Berg Balance Scale
were evaluated. MFR was given to hamstrings, calf, adductors and biceps muscles for 5 days a week for 12 weeks.
Result: MFR and conventional physiotherapy treatment had an excellent effect on the experimental group as compared to the controlled group.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that MFR along with conventional treatment has signicant effect in reducing spasticity and improving
the functional activities
EXCHANGE TRANSFUION IN HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN:EFFICACY OF WHOLE BLOOD RECONSTITUTED (WBR) OVER WHOLE BLOOD
Authors: Kaur Diljeet , Jain Arun , Pal Singh Gajendra , Mangal K.S
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: hemolytic disease of newborn; also known as erythroblastosis fetalis, is an preventable blood group disorder that occurs when the blood types of mother and fetus are incompatible. A prospective study was MATERIAL AND METHOD: carried out on the cases suffering with HDN in the year 2018-2020 in the Blood Bank of the Department of Pathology, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. The affected cases were given double volume exchange transfusion by reconstituted blood or whole blood and the outcome was studied. 150 cases of HDN RESULT: were studied out of which RhD HDN was found to be the most common cause seen in 61.3% and exchange transfusion by reconstituted blood was found to be an effective therapy. The reconstituted blood is found to be immunologicall CONCLUSION: y much safer and better than whole blood for purpose of exchange transfusion in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn because of its superiority in minimizing transfusion reactions and in achieving all the therapeutic effects of exchange transfusion in better way.
IMPACT OF THE FINANCIAL CONTROL OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SAUDI SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Dr. Majed A. Al Abdulkareem  , Prof. Iyad A. Al Nsour
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of financial control of marketing communication activities on the competitive advantage dimensions of services organizations in Saudi Arabia, as well as to investigate the statistical differences in the research variables according to some organizational factors. The study population consists of two parts, the first part represents the service organizations in Saudi Arabia reaches 206 in 2019, and the second part is the actual customers of such surveyed organizations in Riyadh city reaches 8 million in 2019. The full survey of all service organizations and the purposive sampling methods are used. The response rate of survived organizations reaches 64.5% of total surveyed organizations, while the sample size of customers is 1500 and 97.5% of total distributed questionnaires estimate 1463 questionnaires. The descriptive methodology is used and the questionnaire is the key tool to collect the primary data. The study concludes that there is it is found that there is a statistically significant effect of the financial control in the MC on the competitive advantage, the study also concludes that there are significant statistical differences in the financial control of MC Activities according to listed on the stock markets. Finally, the study suggests some recommendations that enhance the financial control of marketing communication activities in such organizations through increasing the efficiency of control systems for marketing communication activities, and give greater flexibility in budgeting and expected variations, and using the cost-based strategy to maximize the business performance of such organizations.

KEY WORDS: Financial Control, Financial Planning, Business Performance, Marketing Communication, Competitive Advantage, Service Sector, Saudi Arabia.
DETERMINANTS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES BY MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: Joseph Adu-Gyamfi  , Prof Kong Yusheng  , Abraham Lincoln Ayisi  , Wilson Elorm Pekyi
Published: May 2021

The impact of the management accounting practices on manufacturing firms in the developing countries cannot be overlook. Management accounting practices adopts and put to practice by these firms has always yielded result, but before management accounting practices are adopted by these firms there are factors that determine their adoption. This paper purposely looks into factors that determine the adoption of management accounting practices by manufacturing firms in Ghana. Various literatures has brought to light that that both internal and external environmental factor such firm size, market rivalry (competition), level of qualification of accounting staff and advanced production technology as the major factors that affect MAPs adoption and want to make analysis with Ghanaian manufacturing firms does these factors affect their choice of MAPs
This study gathered Data from 200 manufacturing firms in Ghana through questionnaires and regression analysis were done using SPSS to determine the impact these factors have on the adoption of MAPs by these manufacturing firms in Ghana. The study identified determinants such as, firm size, market rivalry (competition), level of qualification of accounting staff and advanced production technology has a positive significant impact on the adoption of management accounting practices by manufacturing firms in Ghana. The study recommends that it is important for organizations to identify the best MAPs which can be include in the firms operations to improve performance and longevity of the organization
KEYWORDS: Ghana, Management accounting practices, firm size, market rivalry (competition), qualification of accounting staff and advanced production technology
Теоретичні передумови систематизації типорозмірів міні-тракторів
Authors: НАЛОБІНА Олена , ГОЛОТЮК Микола , ПУЦЬ Віталій
Published: May 2021

У статті викладено результати аналізу технічних характеристик сучасних міні тракторів. В ході виконаного аналізу встановлено, що конструктивні схеми машин постійно удосконалюються. При цьому змінюються підсистеми машин. Але, як виявив аналіз, існують певні взаємозв’язки між параметрами міні тракторів.
Наявність взаємозв’язків між конструктивними і експлуатаційними параметрами є основою для їхньої систематизації з метою класифікації моделей міні  тракторів і типізації з метою встановлення оптимальних параметрів в процесі проектування та виборі функціонального призначення. З метою спрощення процесу систематизації висунуто концепцію щодо можливості вибору одного значущого параметру, який визначає типорозмір і функціональні можливості трактора. Зміна значущого параметру впливає на основні конструктивні та техніко-експлуатаційні параметри. В ході аналізу рекомендовано за значущий приймати показник конструкційної маси трактора.
Ключові слова: трактор, параметри, потужність, маса, оптимізація, класифікація
МЕТОДИКА СКЛАДАННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ РОЗРАХУНКУ ПОКАЗНИКІВ РУХУ ПЕРЕОБЛАДНАНОГО ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО КТЗ КАТЕГОРІЇ М1 В ЇЗДОВОМУ ЦИКЛІ
Authors: ГЛАДЧЕНКО Володимир , ОВЕРЧЕНКО Юрій
Published: May 2021

У роботі запропонована методика складання та результати розрахунку за математичною моделлю. Проблема математичного опису функціональних елементів електричних колісних транспортних засобів (ЕКТЗ) ускладнюється необхідністю опису електричних процесів що відбуваються та впливом системи керування на силову установку. Розроблена методика є оригінальною, розглядається система «Силова акумуляторна батарея – Тяговий електродвигун – Трансмісія» в умовах руху за їздовим циклом. Для складання математичної моделі був обраний математичний пакет  OpenModelica, це відкрите середовище моделювання та моделювання на основі Modelica. Модель має блок «Водій», який представляє собою замкнений контур контролера керування. Він відслідковує фактичну швидкість електромобіля і порівнює її з необхідною, заданою їздовим циклом.
Визначені тягово-швидкісні та енергетичні показники переобладнаного автомобіля категорії М1 в батарейний електромобіль. За допомогою розробленої методики, можливо прогнозувати експлуатаційні показники електричного колісного транспортного засобу до виконання переобладнання. В якості вихідних числових значень параметрів переобладнаного автомобіля для проведення числового експерименту з використанням ПК, було обрано серійний автомобіль категорії М1 ЗАЗ–965 «Запорожець». Методика проведення числового експерименту передбачає проведення великої кількості обчислень в різних поєднаннях вихідних параметрів. В подальшому на ньому передбачено проведення дорожніх та стендових випробовувань.
Технічний рівень переобладнання визначається питомою масою та питомою вартістю як окремих агрегатів так і всього електронного обладнання в цілому. Однак, показник вартості обладнання має сильну волатильність, тож його важко оцінити об’єктивно. В роботі пропонується критерій можливості збереження величини повної маси переобладнаного ЕКТЗ, умова обмеження за габаритними розмірами,  максимальної кутової швидкості ротора тягового електродвигуна, максимального струму та напруги в силових елементах системи керування.
Ключові слова: електромобіль, переобладнання, ефективність, математична модель, контролер, числовий експеримент, енергетична ефективність.
ПОШУКОВЕ КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ КОЛІСНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: ДЗЯДИКЕВИЧ Юрій , ЗАХАРЧУК Олена , ПРОГНІЙ Павло , МАЯК Микола , ПОПОВИЧ Павло , ШАШКЕВИЧ Олександр , КОВАЛЬ Юрій
Published: May 2021

Розвинуто дослідження проблематики щодо вироблення критеріїв оцінки показників надійності та довговічності несучих конструкцій колісних транспортних засобів з позицій механіки руйнування виходячи з факторів їх початкової дефектності у поєднанні з експлуатаційними дослідженнями в реальних умовах експлуатації. Проведено структурний аналіз відказів транспортних засобів, що є складовою системи з дотримання надійності несучих систем колісних транспортних засобів. Розглянуто концептуальні підходи пошукового конструювання несучих рам засобів транспорту в АПК з прогнозуванням ресурсу роботи, обґрунтовано ефективність при вирішенні вказаних аналітично – пошукових і експериментально – дослідницьких проблем. Проведено ряд випробувань для визначення динамiчних показникiв у найбiльш характерних умовах експлуатації машин. Отримані статистичні дані, які дозволяють, за допомогою аналітичних досліджень, визначити компоненти напруженого стану і характер їх зміни в часі (середні значення, максимальні і мінімальні напруження, їх частоту і т.п.) у відповідності до умов експлуатації. Відносно до отриманих результатів проведено синтез несучих конструкцій через формування таких моделей ресурсу роботи, які адекватно описують процеси, що відбуваються при експлуатації с/г техніки. Такий підхід забезпечує перенесення отриманої експериментальної бази даних (з використанням напрацьованих алгоритмів в динамічній і нелінійній постановці задач) не тільки на проектування розглядуваної конструкції, але і на  аналогового типу машин. Забезпечує, в комплексі, прогнозування довговічності з оптимізацією ресурсу роботи, також при модернізації і удосконаленні даного типу конструкцій.
Ключові слова: пошукове конструювання, надійність, прогнозування, ресурс, навантаженість, засоби транспорту.
ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ НАСЕЛЕНИХ ПУНКТІВ НА ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ РУХУ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ПОТОКІВ НА АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРОГАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО КОРИСТУВАННЯ
Authors: КОЧИНА Анастасія
Published: May 2021

Робота присвячена розробці ефективних методів прогнозування інтенсивності руху транспортних потоків поблизу населених пунктів різних груп поселень. Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що розробка техніко-економічних обґрунтувань та проектів будівництва та реконструкції автомобільних доріг, формування проектів організації дорожнього руху ґрунтується на закономірностях формування транспортних потоків. Точність прогнозування інтенсивності транспортних потоків може значно знижуватись поблизу великих міст, це пов'язано з особливостями формування вантажних та пасажирських потоків на підходах до великих міст, величина яких зростає по мірі наближення до міста. Пошук залежності між фактичним значенням інтенсивності руху та місцем визначення її відносно розташування ділянки до центру міста (населеного пункту) дозволяє оцінити ступень впливу міста на її величину. Результат досліджень полягає в встановленні математичного опису залежності між інтенсивністю транспортних потоків і відстані до центру міста, який надано у вигляді перетворення з використанням відстані, як основи, що приводить до збільшення зв'язку між ними. Тіснота зв'язку між інтенсивністю руху транспортних потоків і відстанню до центру міста встановлена не тільки для великих міст, а також для середніх і малих міст. Встановлений взаємозв'язок носить показниковий характер для всіх груп поселень з різною чисельністю населення та підтверджує вплив населених пунктів на інтенсивність руху транспортних потоків поблизу них. Дослідження показали, що результат оцінки впливу населених пунктів на інтенсивність руху транспортних потоків з достатньої точністю описується регресійними рівняннями, в яких як змінні виступають параметри, які характеризують населені пункти, а саме віддаленість від центру населеного пункту та чисельність населення. Статистична оцінка отриманих моделей свідчить про допустимість їх використання для прогнозування інтенсивності транспортних  потоків поблизу населених пунктів.
                Ключові слова: інтенсивність руху, транспортний потік, ступень впливу, відстань, кореляція, група поселень, чисельність населення, модель.