bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prestige norms and sound change in Māori
Authors: King Jeanette , Maclagan Margaret , Harlow Ray , Keegan Peter , Watson Catherine
Published: July 2021

Māori, the threatened language of the indigenous people of New Zealand, has been undergoing revitalisation since the 1970s. The MAONZE project (Māori and New Zealand English) has studied sound change in Māori by comparing the speech of historical elders, present-day elders and young speakers. Here we analyse the read speech from nine present-day elders and twelve young speakers and compare it with the results from our previous analysis of their conversational material to investigate whether style shift occurs in more careful Māori speech. Pronunciation change was restricted to the backing of long /u:/, a sound whose fronting had been stigmatised and of which older female speakers seemed to be particularly aware. We conclude that, although there is some indication of style-shift in the read material, ‘first wave’ (Eckert 2012) sociolinguistic methodology is not appropriate for Māori speakers whose notion of class and prestige differ from that of previously articulated sociolinguistic norms.
Style variation in the second formant
Authors: Lee Nala H.
Published: July 2021

Baba Malay speakers perceive words ending with [al], [aɾ], and [as] askasar‘coarse’, and their counterparts ending with [ɛ] ashalus‘refined’. The contrast is neither phonetic, phonological or morphological. Instead, it may be mitigated by sound symbolism operationalized by F2. The frontness of [ɛ] is associated with a smaller articulatory space in the oral cavity, and hence refinedness, as compared to the more backwards coarse forms. This study employs a matched-guise perceptual task. Refined forms are elicited from speakers. The F2 in the relevant endings is adjusted twice upwards and twice downwards in steps of 100Hz. Listeners rate these guises on a scale of 1 to 5, 5 being most associated with ‘refined’ values. Results show that the higher F2 is, the more likely listeners are to associate the guise with ‘refined’ values.
Adaptive functions of neurobehavioral plasticity in language learning and processing
Authors: Kail Michèle
Published: July 2021

This article presents a large scope of issues on early and late language plasticity that increase our understanding of the neurobehavioral dynamics of change, the main property of the learning brain. In their pioneering work, Bates and Kuhl have convincingly demonstrated that plasticity is intrinsic to development. Bates has provided new data on the impressive recovery of language in children with focal brain injury, highlighting that both hemispheres support the early phases of this change, contrary to previous assumptions. The fundamental reorganization of the early phonemic system around the age of 8 months proposed by Kuhl, combining neural commitment and social abilities, has powerful cascading effects for subsequent word learning. Our developmental crosslinguistic research on online sentence processing in monolinguals and simultaneous bilinguals has revealed distinctive linguistic patterns of “cue cost”, a multifactorial concept relevant for capturing the microplasticity of the processing system. Whatever the language, the shift around the age of 9 towards the canonical adult pattern indicates an efficient adaptive processing occurring with a small delay in bilinguals. Most salient, from childhood, bilinguals exhibit specific cue cost patterns with interactions. In older French adults, cue cost variability is mediated by processing speed which preserves online syntactic abilities but reveals plasticity limits in Alzheimer’s patients.
What is an ecosystem?
Authors: Llinares Ana , Nashaat-Sobhy Nashwa
Published: July 2021

In Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts, students are expected to express disciplinary
knowledge in a second/foreign language. One construct that has proven useful for the identification and realization of language
functions in disciplinary knowledge is Dalton-Puffer’s (2013) model of cognitive
discourse functions (CDFs). Additionally, Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) has already been proven useful for distinguishing
lexico-grammatical features that characterise different CDFs in CLIL students’ productions (e.g., Nashaat-Sobhy & Llinares, 2020; Evnitskaya & Dalton-Puffer,
2020). In this article, we use SFL to analyse the oral and written realisations of the CDF Define by 6th grade students
participating in a CLIL program in Madrid, Spain. A total of 83 students responded to the same prompt (on science) in writing (in
the form of a blog) as well as orally (in the form of an interview). In the oral interviews the co-construction of definitions by
the students with the interviewer (researcher) and another peer are explored using the notion of Legitimation Code Theory and the
concept of semantic waves (Maton, 2013). The analysis of students’ definitions is also
related to primary CLIL teachers’ evaluations using comparative judgement.
Septoria albopunctata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Septoria albopunctata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission and control (by fungicides), geographical distribution (Korea and USA), and hosts (
Vaccinium angustifolium, V. arboreum, V. ashei, V. corymbosum, V. myrsinites, V. oldhamii, V. ovatum, V. tallapusae
and
Rhododendron minus
).
Indian citrus ringspot virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for Indian citrus ringspot virus. Tymovirales: Alphaflexiviridae: Mandarivirus. Hosts: kinnow (
Citrus aurantium
×
Citrus reticulata
), Cleopatra mandarin (
Citrus reshni
) and navel orange (
Citrus sinensis
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh).
Trichosporum vesiculosum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Trichosporum vesiculosum
Butler. Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes: Capnodiales. Host:
Casuarina equisetifolia
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, India, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) and Africa (Kenya and Mauritius).
Anisogramma anomala
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Anisogramma anomala
(Peck) E. Müller. Sordariomycetes: Diaporthales: Valsaceae. Host: European hazelnut (
Corylus avellana
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Canada, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington and Wisconsin).
Coaches’ Assessment of Players Physical Performance: Subjective and Objective Measures are needed when Profiling Players
Authors: McCormack Sam , Jones Ben , Elliott Dave , Rotheram Dave , Till Kevin
Published: July 2021

This mixed methods study aimed to assess the agreement between coaches ranking of youth rugby league players compared against objective physical performance data and gather coaches’ subjective descriptions of their players performance. Five hundred and eight male rugby league players (U16 n = 255, U18 n = 253) completed a fitness testing battery of anthropometric and physical performance measures. Subsequently, 22 rugby (n = 11) and strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches (n = 11) ranked each player's physical qualities using a 4‐point Likert scale (1 – top 25%; 2–25–50%; 3–50–75%; and 4 – bottom 25%) and described their performance. U16 S&C coaches displayed fair agreement when assessing players body mass (39.3%, κ = 0.20). U18 rugby coaches demonstrated fair agreement for strength and size (42.5%, κ = 0.23) and body mass (48.7%, κ = 0.31) whilst both U18 rugby and S&C coaches showed fair agreement levels for endurance (39.8%, κ = 0.25, 44.3%, κ = 0.29), respectively. Three higher‐order themes were identified from coaches’ descriptions of players including physical, rugby and attitude characteristics when evaluating performance. Overall, coaches cannot accurately assess players physical performance against fitness testing data. Though, findings suggest coaches adopt a multidimensional approach when evaluating players performance. Practitioners within talent development systems should utilise both objective and subjective assessments when making decisions regarding players performance.

Highlights

Rugby and S&C coaches cannot accurately assess all aspects of players physical performance.

The greatest assessment agreement was for body mass, strength and size, and endurance, while the poorest were for strength, acceleration, and maximum speed.

Rugby and S&C coaches considered rugby, physical and attitude attributes when evaluating players.

Findings highlight the complex nature of physical profiling. Subjective and objective measures are required to provide an accurate description of players physical performance.
The influence of environmental and task constraint interaction on skilled behaviour in Australian Football
Authors: Teune Ben , Woods Carl , Sweeting Alice , Inness Mathew , Robertson Sam
Published: July 2021

The design of sports practice environments can be informed through data collected and analysed according to principles of the constraints‐led approach. In this study, three manipulated environmental (area per player, number of players and team outnumber) and two task (activity objective and disposal limitations) constraints were measured during professional Australian Football training activities (n = 112) to determine their relationship with skilled behaviour. Linear regression modelling of the five manipulated constraints explained 68% of the variance in disposal frequency but only 22% in skill efficiency. Activities with scoring objectives, limited to kicking or which permitted all disposals, reduced the disposal frequency per player. Activities which permitted all disposals were also weakly, negatively associated with skill efficiency. A Classification Based on Association analysis measured the interaction between manipulated constraints and their relationships with possession time and pressure. When compared to the null model, the analysis improved pressure classification accuracy by 5.9% and did not improve possession time classification accuracy. This indicates skills were often performed under varying spatial and temporal constraints during many of the training activities. This study presents multivariate analytical methods which consider constraint interaction, enhancing how practitioners can evaluate and inform training design in sport.
Neuropathological effects of chronically implanted, intracortical microelectrodes in a tetraplegic patient
Authors: Szymanski Linda J , Kellis Spencer , Liu Charles Y , Jones Kymry T , Andersen Richard A , Commins Deborah , Lee Brian , McCreery Douglas B , Miller Carol A
Published: July 2021

Objective. Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEA) can be used as part of a brain–machine interface system to provide sensory feedback control of an artificial limb to assist persons with tetraplegia. Variability in functionality of electrodes has been reported but few studies in humans have examined the impact of chronic brain tissue responses revealed postmortem on electrode performance in vivo. Approach. In a tetraplegic man, recording MEAs were implanted into the anterior intraparietal area and Brodmann’s area 5 (BA5) of the posterior parietal cortex and a recording and stimulation array was implanted in BA1 of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The participant expired from unrelated causes seven months after MEA implantation. The underlying tissue of two of the three devices was processed for histology and electrophysiological recordings were assessed. Main results. Recordings of neuronal activity were obtained from all three MEAs despite meningeal encapsulation. However, the S1 array had a greater encapsulation, yielded lower signal quality than the other arrays and failed to elicit somatosensory percepts with electrical stimulation. Histological examination of tissues underlying S1 and BA5 implant sites revealed localized leptomeningeal proliferation and fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltrates, astrogliosis, and foreign body reaction around the electrodes. The BA5 recording site showed focal cerebral microhemorrhages and leptomeningeal vascular ectasia. The S1 site showed focal tissue damage including vascular recanalization, neuronal loss, and extensive subcortical white matter necrosis. The tissue response at the S1 site included hemorrhagic-induced injury suggesting a likely mechanism for reduced function of the S1 implant. Significance. Our findings are similar to those from animal studies with chronic intracortical implants and suggest that vascular disruption and microhemorrhage during device implantation are important contributors to overall array and individual electrode performance and should be a topic for future device development to mitigate tissue responses. Neurosurgical considerations are also discussed.
The Dynamics of an Eco-Epidemiological Model of three species with Holling type-II and Type-IV functional responses
Authors: Hariprasad S. , Srinivas M. A. S , Phani Kumar N. , Praveenkumar K.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a prey-predator eco-epidemiological model with susceptible and diseased prey is constructed and investigated. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the system are studied. The conditions for the local and global stability of coexistence steady state are examined. At last, the mathematical results are interpreted with the help of numerical simulations.
Quasilinear p(x)- Laplacian parabolic problem: upper bound for blow-up time
Authors: Lakshmipriya N , Gnanavel S
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a study of blow-up of solutions to a quasilinear p(x)-Laplacian problem related to the equation

z

t

(
x
,
t
)
=

Δ

p
(
x
)

z
(
x
,
t
)
+
g
(
z
(
x
,
t
)
)

We use a condition on the nonlinear function g(z) given by,

ς

∫

0

z

g
(
s
)
d
s
⩽
z
g
(
z
)
+
η

z

p
(
x
)

+
μ
,
z
>
0

We extend the existing results on blow-up for a nonlinear heat equation to variable exponent case and establish an upper bound for the blow-up time with the help of concavity method.
Linear and non-linear magneto-convection in couple stress fluid with non-classical heat conduction law
Authors: Thomas Maria , Pranesh S , Sangeetha George K
Published: July 2021

A theoretical examination of the thermal convection for a couple stress fluid which is electrically conductive and possessing significant thermal relaxation time with an externally applied magnetic field is carried out. Fourier’s law fails when fluids are subjected to rapid heating or when it is confined and in the case of nano-devices. A frame invariant constitutive equation for heat flux is considered. The linear analysis is carried out implementing a normal mode solution and the non-linear stability of the system is analyzed using a double Fourier series. The analysis of the transfer of heat is determined in terms of the Nusselt number.
Energy and information analysis for confined H atom in harmonic environment
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Roy Amlan K.
Published: July 2021

Over the past two decades, constrained quantum systems have arisen to be a field of considerable importance in physical, chemical and biological sciences. In this work, we have investigated the behavior of a confined H atom inside a harmonic environment:

V
(
r
)
=
−

1

r

+

(

r

r

c

)

2

. The eigenvalue equation is solved using a generalized Legendre pseudospectral method, which offers an optimal, non-uniform spatial discretization. By means of a symmetrization technique and a non-linear mapping, a symmetric eigenvalue equation is obtained. A detailed energy analysis reveals that (a) for all the states, energy values decrease with growth in confinement radius, rc
(b) for fixed number of nodes, it grows with rise in l, and (c) at a fixed n, it decreases with progress in l. Interestingly, the energy arrangement of various quantum states is found to be very different from that in a free H atom. A general rule has been proposed to understand the energy ordering pattern. Furthermore, we have analyzed some information-based quantities like Shannon information entropy, Fisher information and Onicescu energy, in position and momentum spaces for this soft, impenetrable stressed system. These are examined with respect to rc
as well as n, l quantum numbers. Additionally, the Compton profile and Compton entropy have also been explored here.
A MAP/PH/1 Production Inventory Model with Perishable Items and Dependent Retrials
Authors: Jose K P , Reshmi P S
Published: July 2021

This article studies a perishable inventory system with a production unit. The production process is governed by (s, S) policy and it is exponentially distributed. The primary arrival follows Markovian arrival process(MAP) and the service time is phase-type distributed random variable. The inventoried items are subject to decay exponentially with a linear rate. A newly arriving customer realizes that system is running out of stock or server busy either moves to infinite waiting space with a pre-assigned probability or exit system with complementary probability. Customers in the waiting space make retrials to access the free server at a linear rate. If the system is running out of stock or the server is busy upon retrial, customers go back to orbit with different pre-defined probabilities according to the level of inventory or exit the system with corresponding complementary probabilities. The system is analysed using Matrix Analytic Method(MAM) and the findings are numerically illustrated.
Weak order convergence of fixed point iterations of contraction mappings on cone metric spaces
Authors: Ganesa Moorthy C. , Siva G.
Published: July 2021

In this article, some fixed point theorems of contraction mappings on cone metric spaces are obtained. Moreover, the concept of weak convergence in metric spaces is extended to cone metric spaces, and some results on weak order convergence of fixed point iterations of various types of contraction mappings on cone metric spaces are obtained.
Cost Analysis of M/M/1/N queue with working breakdowns and a two-phase services
Authors: Vijayalakshmi V. , Kalidass K. , Deepa B.
Published: July 2021

In this article, we analyze the finite capacity Markovian queueing model with working breakdowns and a two-phase service. The server provides the primary service as well as the secondary elective service. The cost optimization problem is to find out the minimum cost per unit time by a direct search method to optimize service rates.
On nano weakly π-generalized closed sets
Authors: Antony David S. , Rameshpandi M.
Published: July 2021

Latest generality appearance of nano weakly πg-closed sets, nano weakly πg-open sets which are weaker forms of nano πg-closed sets, nano πg-open sets respectively. The relationships among them related generalized closed sets is also investigated in this paper.
Hexagon Hesitant Fuzzy Multi – Attribute Decision Making Based On TOPSIS
Authors: Johnson Savarimuthu S , Kowsalya S
Published: July 2021

In this paper hexagon hesitant fuzzy set is used to solve the higher order uncertainties with TOPSIS method. Hexagon Hesitant Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Making problems faced by the farmer who plant monsoon crops in Villupuram District.
Mid-units in duo seminearrings
Authors: Manikandan G , Perumal R
Published: July 2021

In this paper we introduce the concept of mid-units in seminearrings. We obtain some results concerning mid-units in seminearrings. In particular, we study the relationship between mid-units and idempotents in seminearrings. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for duo seminearrings to have a mid-unit.
A STUDY ON SOME NAMED GRAPHS TO FIND THE MINIMUM SPANNING TREE (MST) USING GREEDY ALGORITHMS
Authors: Arokiamary A , Preethi B
Published: July 2021

In this paper, Greedy Algorithms such as Kruskal’s, Prim’s, Boruvka’s, Reverse-delete Algorithm were applied on different types of graphs like Mobius-Kantor graph, Durer graph, Golomb graph to find the (MST).
Detection and classification of nutrient deficiencies in plants using machine learning
Authors: Jose Anu , Nandagopalan S , Ubalanka Vidya , Viswanath Dhanya
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is the major factor contributing to Indian Economy. According to the current statistics, its contribution to GDP sector is 17.9%. Technical advancement in agricultural domain will produce more agricultural products without any wastage of money, time and manpower. Nutrients play a major role in plant growth. Lack of nutrients leads to reduced crop yield and plant growth. In this work, we are trying to create an artificial neural network model to recognize and classify the nutrient deficiency in tomato by examining the leaf characteristics. This will help farmers to adjust the nutrient supply to the plant. If soil lacks a specific nutrient, it will reflect in the physical characteristics of a leaf. The color and shape of a leaf are the two major features used for identifying the nutrient deficiency. The comparison of different segmentation schemes like hue based and threshold based schemes shows their influence in the performance of the proposed system. The influence of different activation functions in the artificial neural network is also studied in this work. The results show that the proposed method was able to classify and identify nutritional deficiencies with high accuracy.
Mathematical modeling on minimizing the waiting time in (i,j) preemptive priority queueing system
Authors: Geetha S , Ramesh Kumar B
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we analyze the waiting time in two stage preemptive priority queueing system. The service time considered here is k-phase Erlang distribution. We have assign the priority server to the emergency customer without affecting the regular priority unit. It is possible only if the servers are independent. In this case, we derive the steady state probability of the waiting time customers in ordinary and priority unit. A numerical example is included.
Vk- Super Vertex In-Magic Labelings of Directed Graphs
Authors: Mutharasu Sivagnanam , Mary Bernard N. , Kumar Duraisamy
Published: July 2021

Let D be a digraph of order p and size q. For an integer k ⩾ 1 and ν ∈ V(D), let

∑

e
∈

E

k

(
v
)

f
(
e
)

where Ek
(v) is the set of all in-arcs which are at distance at most k from ν. A V

k
-super vertex in-magic labeling (Vk
-SVIML) is an one-to-one onto function f : V(D) ∪ A(D) → {1,2…, P + q} such that f(V(D)) = {1,2…, p} and for every ν ∈ V(D), f(ν) + ω
k(ν) = M for some positive integer M. A digraph that admits a V

k
-SVIML is called V

k
-super vertex in-magic (V

k
-SVIM). In this paper, we study some properties of V

k
-SVIML in digraphs. We characterized the digraphs which are V

k
-SVIM. Also, we find the magic constant for Ek
-regular digraphs. Farther, we characterized the unidirectional cycles and union of unidirectional cycles which are V
2-SMM.
Compatibility and Binary Correlations of Fibonacci Partial Words
Authors: Krishna Kumari R. , Arulprakasam R. , Dare V.R.
Published: July 2021

The sequences of Fibonacci words plays an important role in formal language theory and combinatorics on words. Fibonacci partial words, arrays and their combinatorial properties such as palindromes and primitivity was established. In this paper, we extend some fundamental results about Fibonacci words to Fibonacci partial words such as compatibility, periodicity and also binary correlations which turns out to be an effective technique of portraying sets of periods of Fibonacci partial words briefly with comprehensive scope.
A topological structure on mechanical
Authors: Virgin Raj A , Nasrin Banu F
Published: July 2021

In this paper, The concept of topological structure on Mechanical is introduced and some properties are studied.
Inverse Majority Neighborhood Number for Tensor Product of Graphs
Authors: Dhivya T , Paulraj Jayasimman I , Joseline Manora J
Published: July 2021

For the tensor product of paths, inverse majority neighborhood number n

m

−1 (G) of G are determined in this paper. Also obtained some bounds for G = P

n
⊗ P

m
.
Group of L-homeomorphisms and permutation groups
Authors: Sini P
Published: July 2021

A subgroup G of the symmetric group S(P ) of all permutations of a set P is called L
f
-representable on P if there is an L-topology δ on P with the group of L-homeomorphisms of (P,
δ) = G. In this paper we study the L
f
-representability of some subgroups of the symmetric group.
Fuzzy logic controller based ship navigation system
Authors: Sethuramalingam T K
Published: July 2021

This research work deals with more proficient and at ease to design the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) meant for course-changing. A new system in tuning a rule base in fuzzy controller system. Agreeing to the modification status of system error, the proposed real-time tuning algorithm is used in tuning the subsequent portion of fuzzy values, later the rule base is controlled. This proposed work also links the more performance of FLC at several working situations with conventional PID controller. In our proposed method we joined the PID with Fuzzy logic to build the strong and adaptive controller. The Simulation results are valuable to demonstrate this method.
Q-Pythagorean fuzzy soft expert set and its application in multi-criteria decision making process
Authors: Chinnadurai V. , Arulselvam A.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we first introduce the concept of Q-Pythagorean fuzzy soft expert set(QPFSES) which combines Pythagorean fuzzy set and soft set expert set. We also define some operations namely complement, union, intersection and study some of their properties. Further an approach for solving multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem is explored by applying Q-Pythagorean fuzzy soft expert set and an example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
Fuzzy Covering Spaces and Its Properties
Authors: Sugapriya K. , Amudhambigai B.
Published: July 2021

The properties of fuzzy path covering space, fuzzy lifting from an arbitrary fuzzy map to a fuzzy path covering map are discussed in this paper. Also the properties of fuzzy path covering space and fuzzy pointed topological space in fuzzy Peano space are discussed.
EXACT VALUES OF THE ATES-DOMINATION NUMBER OF SOME SPECIALIZED TYPES OF GRAPHS
Authors: Anuthiya S. , Mahadevan G.
Published: July 2021

Recently, G. Mahadevan et.al. proposed the idea of ATES domination number of a graph. In [6] A set S ⊆ V is said to be At most twin extendable separated dominating set, if for every vertex 1 ≤ |N(V) ∩ S| ≤ 2, v ∈ V − S and < V − S > is a perfect matching. The minimum cardinality taken over all At most twin extendable separated dominating sets is called At most twin extendable separated domination number of a graph and it is denoted by ATES (G). In this article, we analyze this number for some specializes types of graphs.
Mathematical Modeling on Blood flow through a stenosed artery with Heat Transfer under the Impact of Slip condition
Authors: Karthikeyan D. , Kavitha V. , Sathishkumar R.
Published: July 2021

This paper analyzed the heat transfer with impact of slip condition an oscillatory blood flow through a stenosed artery. We derive the equations for the mixed convection problem of blood flow as nonlinear partial differential equations and the exact solutions solved by analytically. The Effects of various parameters particularly magnetic field on the blood flow through stenosis have been examined. The computational results are presented graphically for the temperature, velocity, flow rate and skin friction.
Solution of Partial Differential Equations by using Mohand Transforms
Authors: Sornkaew Pilasluck , Phollamat Kanyarat
Published: July 2021

In this article, we present solution of partial differential equations by using Mohand transforms. We also present examples to illustrate the preciseness and effectiveness of this.
A hybrid technique for intelligent bank security system based on blink gesture recognition
Authors: Bakunah Raed Awadh , Mohammed Baneamoon Saeed
Published: July 2021

Enhancement of bank security system plays an important role at the present time due to increasing attempts to expose it to many infringements by criminals. This paper proposes a hybrid technique of amplitude and duration to recognize its blink gestures to increase the accuracy of the human security system’s interaction for intelligent bank security, as this hybrid technique implemented analyzing of face, facial landmark detection, and the duration of the eye aspect ratio (EAR) for blink processes. The proposed hybrid technique is evaluated by experimenting a number of blink gesture with two eyes obtained from web camera and the results shows better and more effective analysis and provide high security bank system.
Simulation of InGaAs-Based Planar Nanodevices As Terahertz Rectifiers
Authors: Rahman Imran , Kasjoo Shahrir Rizal , Singh Arun K.
Published: July 2021

A planar nanodevice, known as the self-switching diode (SSD), has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic that resembles a typical diode behaviour. Unlike other conventional diodes that depending on barrier junction or gate, SSD utilized its L-shaped trenches to exhibit non-linear I-V behaviour, which can be exploited for high-frequency operations. This paper presents technology computer-aided design (TCAD) rectification studies of two InGaAs-based SSDs connected in parallel with similar/different length operating at sub-terahertz frequencies and at zero bias. As expected, the combination of SSDs with the shortest length possess the highest cut-off frequency, and in this case, at approximately 0.35 THz. This is comparable with the recent proposed hybrid structure of SSD and planar barrier diode (SSD/PBD). In fact, it has lower leakage current than SSD/PBD which can reflect to a better rectification performance.
IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring, Automation and Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Suhaimi Ahmad Faisol , Yaakob Naimah , Saad Sawsan Ali , Sidek Khairul Azami , Elshaikh Mohamed Elobaid , Dafhalla Alaa K.Y. , Lynn Ong Bi , Almashor Mahathir
Published: July 2021

Manual irrigation is still widely used in agricultural field using traditional drip and can watering. However, traditional irrigation systems are inefficient and inexact, leading to either insufficient or excessive watering. Moreover, it is difficult for farmers to predict suitable quantities at the appropriate time. Manual monitoring of the crop field may also lead to human error and is potentially risky for rural areas. Farmers may also not be aware of intrusions if they are not on location. Therefore, this project is designed to develop a smart monitoring and automated irrigation system to provide not only efficient water consumption based on specific conditions, but also enables real-time monitoring of the environment. Furthermore, this system prevents damage to plants and reduces the likelihood of plant theft. This system uses NodeMCU ESP32 as a microcontroller that collects environmental data such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture levels from sensors. The NodeMCU is integrated with a relay and RTC module to irrigate plants at specific times and is also equipped with a passive infrared sensor to detect intruders near the crop-field. Upon detection, an ESP32 camera is used to automatically capture the current conditions and farmers will be subsequently notified. Warnings are also sent to farmers upon detection of unwanted circumstances such as extreme temperature, which could prevent instances of open burning. The utility of the developed prototype is evident in the way it automatically irrigates the crop field without human intervention. Farmers may monitor and manually control the irrigation process using an attached Android application. Additionally, they may manually activate a buzzer warn off any potential malicious actors.
A Compact Wideband CSRR Near Zero Refractive Index and Epsilon Negative Metamaterial for Wearable Microwave Applications
Authors: Hossain Kabir , Sabapathy Thennarasan , Jusoh Muzammil , Soh Ping Jack , Osman Mohamed Nasrun , Al-Bawri Samir Salem
Published: July 2021

A complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) decagonal shaped textile-based single-negative metamaterial (MTM), considering a frequency range from 1 to 15 GHz, is presented in this paper. Seven different unit cell arrays (i.e., 1×1, 1×2, 1×3, 2×1, 2×2, 1×3 and 3×3) are analysed to evaluate the effects of the unit-cell arrays on the resonance frequencies of the MTM. The designed unit cell arrays exhibit average negative permittivity bandwidth of 12.87 GHz (from 1 to 12.87 GHz) and an average near-zero-refractive-index (NZRI) bandwidth of 11.98 GHz (from 1.015 to 12.995 GHz). Simultaneous negative permittivity and NZRI results at L, S, C, X and Ku frequency bands indicate the proposed MTM is suitable for various wearable applications in these frequency regimes.
Performance Analysis of 5G Millimeter Waves over Free Space Optics System
Authors: Aldhaibani A O , Bin Sahaq K S , Binajjaj S A , Bakarman H A
Published: July 2021

In recent year the free-space optical communication (FSO) has become more interesting as its alternative to radio frequency communication. The links of Free-space optical (FSO) communication very sensitive for a lot of variability which make a real challenge for efficient, robust system design. In free space optic the information sends through the optical fiber as pluses, so a large dynamic range will provide, from designed systems in most cases. The FSO is a line-of-sight (LOS) technology that transmits a modulated beam of visible or infrared light through the atmosphere for broadband communications. The focus of this work is to investigate the feasibility and design of free-space optical (FSO) with millimeter waves for 5th generation. Consequently, the conducted analysis done by using optisystem software. As a result, the analysis generated based on Eye diagram, transmitted power, Q factor and distance.
An Impedance Matching Network towards Amplifier Design from Conceptual to Practical: Simulation Study
Authors: Yob R C , Ramli N H , Bahari N , Zahid L , Nasrudin M W
Published: July 2021

In many systems, the impedance matching networks are vital to ensure their having good performances, especially in such systems performances that related to the gain, linearity, and quality factors. This article mainly focuses on the simulation study of the impedance matching network from conceptual to practical on amplifier design. This simulation study from the conceptual of the ideal transmission-line based design to the practical of the microstrip-line based circuit implemented by using LineCalc of the ADS tool. The gallium nitride high electron mobility (GaN-HEMT) transistor by Cree is being one of the key components in understanding the importance of the impedance matching networks on the amplifier design a t the operating frequency of 5 GHz. The Agilent’s Advance Design Systems (ADS) is used to perform this research. The obtained voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are approximately to 1 for both conceptual and practical of the impedance matching towards the amplifier design a t5 GHz. Thus, it is showing the maximum power transfer was occurring from the power stages to the load.
A RFID Tag Antenna for Wearable Application System in Microwave Frequency Band
Authors: Abdullah N. A. S. , Ramli N.H. , Yob R.C
Published: July 2021

A RFID tag antenna for wearable application system in microwave frequency band is proposed and presented. The proposed RFID tag antenna is operated in the microwave frequency band of 1 to 12 GHz. Several numbers of the slot resonator are introduced that attached on jeans fabric as substrate material. The presence of the slot resonator also will be used to generate the unique identification or spectral signature of the RFID tag antenna. In real life, the monostatic radar system, which consists of the Vector Network Analyzer and a horn antenna is configured to test the RFID tag antenna. The performances of the proposed RFID tag antenna are evaluated based on their reflection coefficient, operating frequency, and surface current. The obtained results give a good agreement between the measurements and simulation.
Compact Meandered Monopole Antenna for Dual-Bands WLAN Application
Authors: Bohari Syahirah , Faudzi Najwa Mohd , Razali Ahmad Rashidy , Mozi Aiza Mahyuni , Zakaria Fazrul Faiz , Ilyas Mohd Zaizu
Published: July 2021

A compact meandered dual-bands monopole antenna for the application of a wireless local area network (WLAN) is proposed. This antenna has two operating frequency bands which are 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz and denoted as lower and upper operating bands respectively. In the antenna design, a meandered arms structure has been proposed to obtain a compact size monopole antenna with an overall dimension of 30 mm x 21 mm. Furthermore, the dual-bands operating frequency is achieved with the contribution of two meandered arms structure as well as a partial ground plane proposed in the antenna design. The copper layer traces with the thickness of 0.035 mm has been used as the radiating patch and the partial ground plane has been printed at the back side of the FR-4 substrate with the permittivity, ε_r of 4.5 and the thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna has a simple design, small size, easy to fabricate and low cost. The measured and simulated results were compared to analyse the performance of the designed antenna. From the simulation, the operating frequencies achieved are at 2.44 GHz and 5.23 GHz, while from the measurement at 2.50 GHz and 4.44 GHz. Other antenna parameter such as radiation pattern and gain has also been evaluated and analysed.
Warranty Claim Quantity Forecasting via Multiple Linear Regressions
Authors: Haris N , Junoh A K , Wan Muhamad W Z A
Published: July 2021

A concrete justification unavailability of the roughly estimated warranty claim quantity is leading to also inability to understand defect trend behavior and its effect upcoming warranty claim quantity. This is where an equation model is derived by considering the previous actual warranty data, to represent warranty claim defect quantity impact. Taking into consideration, identified parameters which link with pricing and cost, it also includes the observation and monitoring of warranty trend from the existing actual warranty data, by plotting cumulative defect quantity over Vehicle Line-off Date, as well as plotting cumulative defect quantity over Vehicle Submission Date. Multiple Linear Regression is deployed to define the best Multiple Regression Equation. Predictors, response and predictors’ validations defined by using normality and probability test. The successfully developed equation model, takes into account the existing warranty data and trend, As a result, the equation model managed to provide forecasted warranty claim quantity, based on a complete 36-month warranty period cycle, which has a significant impact on a reliable and convincing figure – a key factor in warranty budgeting and accrual task.
Mobile-based Speech Recognition for Early Reading Assistant
Authors: Faisol Muhammad Adlan Mohd , Ramlan Siti Azura , Saod Aini Hafizah Mohd , Mozi Aiza Mahyuni , Zakaria Fazrul Faiz
Published: July 2021

In Malaysia, English language is the secondary language for most of the people and they usually rely on the education system to learn the language especially in learning how to read and pronounce the words correctly. As a multiracial country, Malaysians have many dialects according to the different states, which can affect the children’s pronunciation of the language. Consequently, their own style of dialect causes the children to struggle in developing the right pronunciation during the early years of school. The children will be exposed to the proper language at school but limited to the weekdays and school hours. Therefore, the technology of computerized applications has a high potential to help young kids in reading with the correct pronunciation. This paper presents the development of a mobile application with speech implementation based on Flutter framework for early reader assistant. The project is evaluated based on the subjective satisfaction towards the application in terms of overall system and functionality of the application, ease of login into the application and the difficulty of the words provided in the application. Based on the study, an average mean score of 3.36 is obtained in which most of the users feel that the application can deliver its function and purpose to the users. In conclusion, the mobile application should be able to aid the users in improving their reading skills and pronunciation.
Synthesizable Verilog Code Generator for Variable-Width Tree Multipliers
Authors: Fun Chuah Ching , Thulasiraman Nandha Kumar
Published: July 2021

Tree multipliers are fast multipliers which are important for timing-critical applications. However, due to the irregular multiplier structure, the process of coding a tree multiplier is often very time-consuming. In addition, it is difficult to generalize the multiplier codes for variable-width inputs. In this paper, the authors used Python scripts to generate Verilog codes for tree multipliers automatically in a very short amount of time, by specifying only the required data width. The generated tree multiplier designs are synthesized and implemented using TSMC 180nm technology as well as Artix-7 FPGA. Through analysis, it is observed that modified Booth multiplier designed with Dadda tree reduction algorithm has up to 47% smaller area and up to 71% shorter delay compared to array multiplier. All multiplier designs are thoroughly simulated and functionally verified.
Deep-Learning Assisting Cerebral Palsy Patient Handgrip Task Translation
Authors: Zakaria Fazrul Faiz , Warip Mohd Nazri Mohd , Ehkan Phaklen , Mustapa Muslim , Ilyas Mohd Zaizu
Published: July 2021

An electro-encephalography (EEG) brain-computer interface (BCI) can provide the brain and external environment with separate information sharing and control networks. EEG impulses, though, come from many electrodes, which produce different characteristics, and how the electrodes and features to enhance classification efficiency have been chosen has become an urgent concern. This paper explores the deep convolutional neural network architecture (CNN) hyper-parameters with separating temporal and spatial filters without any pre-processing or artificial extraction processes. It selects the raw EEG signal of electrode pairs over the cortical area as hybrid samples. Our proposed deep-learning model outperforms other neural network models previously applied to this dataset in training time (∼40%) and accuracy (∼6%). Besides, considerations such as optimum order for EEG channels do not limit our model, and it is patient-invariant. The impact of network architecture on decoder output and training time is further discussed.
Communicating with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing through Automatic Arabic Sign Language Translator
Authors: Latif Ghazanfar , Alghazo Jaafar , Mohammad Nazeeruddin , Alghazo Runna
Published: July 2021

The needs of persons with disabilities are still being undermined even though persons with disabilities have proven to be productive members of the community when given the right education, support, and tools. Assistive devices are being designed, developed, and sold to provide persons with disabilities the tools to be able to become productive members. With the advent of new technologies, software development has also concentrated on the needs of persons with disabilities. With the widespread of software’s especially on mobile devices, researchers can now develop tools for the community to communicate, work, collaborate and deal normally with persons with disabilities. In this paper, an automatic Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Arabic Sign Language Translator is proposed. The system is able to capture the picture of the sign language performed by a person who is deaf or hard of hearing and provide real-time translation of the hand gestures. Novel features are proposed to be extracted from the images to be input to the four different classifiers namely; Random Forest (RF), Bagging classifier, Regression, and Random Tree (RT). The result shows that the Random Forest classifier with proposed extract features performs better by achieving 92.15% accuracy as compared using input image directly with classifiers.
GPSR Routing Performances Enhancement for VANET networks with Taguchi Optimization Mechanism
Authors: Elobaid Mohamed Elshaikh , Dafhalla Alaa K. Y. , Yaakob Naimah , Ali Hasimah
Published: July 2021

Routing mechanism plays an important role in the performances of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). Hence, various routing mechanisms are proposed to enhance VANET performances, however few researches are dedicated to optimize these routing mechanisms. In this paper an optimization mechanism is proposed to improve the performances of Greedy Perimeter stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol. Design of Experiments is used along with Taguchi Optimization method to fine tune GPSR internal routing parameters against VANET network scenarios. The target of optimization in this work is set to network performances including network throughput, delay and packet delivery ration (PDR). These targets are mathematically combined to form a single optimization target. A simulation experiments are performed to evaluate VANET performances. Obtained results showed that the proposed optimization improves the VANET performances in terms of throughput, PDR and delay. Further real-time integration of Optimization and routing mechanism can improve network performances.
Implementation of Simon’s Algorithm in the Encryption Process of Publish-Subscribe Data Sending in the MQTT Protocol using the Raspberry
Authors: Nurwarsito H , Yapputra S
Published: July 2021

In the development of IoT there is a higher risk of security because the device can be used as a Botnet and can harm many parties. The use of the MQTT communication protocol on the Internet of Things devices is massive. Otherwise, the MQTT protocol does not have a security side that can secure data exchange in this protocol. In information security, it is explained that data must have a security side in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. One solution to address the problems that have been described is the addition of an encryption algorithm to the MQTT communication protocol so the data that moved remains safe. The SIMON algorithm is an algorithm released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 in the selection of the best lightweight cipher at that time. The selection of this secalgorithm is based on the efficiency, speed, and use of small power in carrying out the process. The encryption method will be implemented at the publisher node where the node will encrypt data first before sending it to the broker node. The decryption method will be implemented on the subscriber node where the node will perform subscribe function and decrypt function to get the plaintext. The SIMON algorithm that is used is SIMON 128/128 because it has been proven that this SIMON type has the fastest time in the encryption and decryption process. Functional testing shows that all nodes in the system can work properly according to their respective functions. On the attack test, two active attack methods are used, namely Ciphertext Only Attack and Known Plaintext Attack. Both attacks were unable to get the plaintext after several attempts. So it can be concluded that the SIMON algorithm has succeeded in securing the system using the MQTT communication protocol.