bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A modular, deep learning-based holistic intent sensing system tested with Parkinson’s disease patients and controls
Authors: Russell Joseph , Inches Jemma , Carroll Camille B. , Bergmann Jeroen H. M.
Published: November 2023

People living with mobility-limiting conditions such as Parkinson’s disease can struggle to physically complete intended tasks. Intent-sensing technology can measure and even predict these intended tasks, such that assistive technology could help a user to safely complete them. In prior research, algorithmic systems have been proposed, developed and tested for measuring user intent through a Probabilistic Sensor Network, allowing multiple sensors to be dynamically combined in a modular fashion. A time-segmented deep-learning system has also been presented to predict intent continuously. This study combines these principles, and so proposes, develops and tests a novel algorithm for multi-modal intent sensing, combining measurements from IMU sensors with those from a microphone and interpreting the outputs using time-segmented deep learning. It is tested on a new data set consisting of a mix of non-disabled control volunteers and participants with Parkinson’s disease, and used to classify three activities of daily living as quickly and accurately as possible. Results showed intent could be determined with an accuracy of 97.4% within 0.5 s of inception of the idea to act, which subsequently improved monotonically to a maximum of 99.9918% over the course of the activity. This evidence supports the conclusion that intent sensing is viable as a potential input for assistive medical devices.
Setting sodium targets for pre-packaged foods in China — an exploratory study
Authors: Zhang Puhong , Zhang Jiguo , Rosewarne Emalie , Li Yuan , Dong Le , He Feng J. , Brown Mhairi , Pettigrew Simone , Yamamoto Rain , Nishida Chizuru , Liu Aidong , Yang Xiaoguang , Zhang Bing , Ding Gangqiang , Wang Huijun
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Setting sodium targets for pre-packaged food has been a priority strategy for reducing population sodium intake. This study aims to explore the attitudes and considerations of researchers and key stakeholders toward implementing such policy in China.

Methods

An exploratory study comprising a survey and a focus group discussion was conducted among 27 purposively selected participants including 12 researchers, 5 consumers, 4 administrators, 3 industry association representatives and 3 food producers. The survey/discussion covered the key questions considered when developing/promoting sodium targets. Free-text responses were manually classified and summarized using thematic analysis.

Results

Two-thirds of the participants supported target-setting policy. Researchers and administrators were most supportive, and food producers and associations were least supportive. Adapted WHO food categorization framework was well accepted to underpin target-setting to ensure international comparability and applicability for Chinese products. Maximum values were the most agreed target type. The WHO benchmarks were thought to be too ambitious to be feasible given the current food supply in China but can be regarded as long-term goals. Initially, a reduction of sodium content by 20% was mostly accepted to guide the development of maximum targets. Other recommendations included implementing a comprehensive strategy, strengthening research, engaging social resources, establishing a systematic monitoring/incentive system, maintaining a fair competitive environment, and developing a supportive information system. Target-setting policy was acceptable by most stakeholders and should be implemented alongside strategies to reduce discretionary salt use.

Discussion

Our findings provide detailed guidance for the Chinese government when developing a target-setting strategy. The methods and results of this study also provide meaningful references for other countries to set sodium targets for pre-packaged foods and implement other salt reduction strategies simultaneously.
Gluten restriction in irritable bowel syndrome, yes or no?: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arabpour Erfan , Alijanzadeh Dorsa , Sadeghi Amir , Khoshdel Sina , Hekmatdoost Azita , Kord-Varkaneh Hamed , Abdehagh Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Background

More than half of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) report aggravating their symptoms with certain foods. Currently, Low fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols diet (LFD) is the most accepted dietary intervention for IBS. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been suggested that gluten restriction may reduce the symptoms of patients with IBS. However, the results from these studies are conflicting. This study filled this knowledge gap by evaluating the impact of the gluten-free diet (GFD) on IBS symptoms.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out in Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 2023. A random-effect model was applied to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome.

Results

A total of nine controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. In contrast to gluten-containing diet, GFD was unable to reduce overall symptoms (SMD − 0.31; 95% CI −0.92, 0.31), bloating (SMD −0.37; 95% CI −1.03, 0.30), and quality of life (SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.64, 0.39); but had a slight trend to reduce abdominal pain (SMD –0.68; 95% CI −1.36, −0.00). Also, LFD significantly reduced the IBS-Severity score system (SMD 0.66, 95% CI 0.31, 1.01) and improved quality of life (SMD −0.36, 95% CI −0.70, −0.01), compared to GFD.

Conclusion

A GFD is not robust enough to be routinely recommended for IBS patients, and its efficacy is significantly lower than that of an LFD. Only a certain subgroup of IBS patients may benefit from GFD; further studies are needed to target this subgroup.
CircDDX17 inhibits invasive progression of pituitary adenomas by sponging miR-1279 and regulating CADM2 expression
Authors: Yue Xiao , Lan Fengming , Liu Weiping
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Increasing evidence has revealed that circDDX17 plays significant regulatory roles in tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the role of circDDX17 in pituitary adenomas (PAs).

Methods

Reverse transcription–quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of Circular RNA DDX17 (circDDX17), microRNA-1279 (miR-1279), and cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) in PA tissues. Cell abilities of migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays were applied to confirm the associations among circDDX17, miR-1279, and CADM2. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed to investigate the roles of circDDX17 in vivo.

Results

In the present study, we found that circDDX17 was downregulated in PA tissues correlated with invasion, tumor size, and progression-free survival of patients with PA. Enforced expression of circDDX17 significantly inhibited migration and invasion through miR-1279. Notably, CADM2 was verified as the direct binding target of miR-1279, and silencing the expression of CADM2 reverses the tumor suppressing effects induced by circDDX17 overexpression. We demonstrated that circDDX17 upregulated the expression of CADM2 by sponging miR-1279, which suppressed the invasive biological behaviors of PA.

Conclusion

CircDDX17 may serve as a tumor suppressor and potential promising biomarker and effectively therapeutic target for the management of PA.
A prognostic model for tumor recurrence and progression after meningioma surgery: preselection for further molecular work-up
Authors: Padevit Luis , Vasella Flavio , Friedman Jason , Mutschler Valentino , Jenkins Freya , Held Ulrike , Rushing Elisabeth Jane , Wirsching Hans-Georg , Weller Michael , Regli Luca , Neidert Marian Christoph
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The selection of patients for further therapy after meningioma surgery remains a challenge. Progress has been made in this setting in selecting patients that are more likely to have an aggressive disease course by using molecular tests such as gene panel sequencing and DNA methylation profiling. The aim of this study was to create a preselection tool warranting further molecular work-up.

Methods

All patients undergoing surgery for resection or biopsy of a cranial meningioma from January 2013 until December 2018 at the University Hospital Zurich with available tumor histology were included. Various prospectively collected clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical variables were analyzed and used to train a logistic regression model to predict tumor recurrence or progression. Regression coefficients were used to generate a scoring system grading every patient into low, intermediate, and high-risk group for tumor progression or recurrence.

Results

Out of a total of 13 variables preselected for this study, previous meningioma surgery, Simpson grade, progesterone receptor staining as well as presence of necrosis and patternless growth on histopathological analysis of 378 patients were included into the final model. Discrimination showed an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.73 – 0.88), the model was well-calibrated. Recurrence-free survival was significantly decreased in patients in intermediate and high-risk score groups (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion

The proposed prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration. This prediction model is based on easily obtainable information and can be used as an adjunct for patient selection for further molecular work-up in a tertiary hospital setting.
Case Report: Guanfacine and methylphenidate improved chronic lower back pain in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kasahara Satoshi , Kanda Shoichiro , Takahashi Miwako , Fujioka Mao , Morita Taito , Matsudaira Ko , Sato Naoko , Hattori Motoshi , Momose Toshimitsu , Niwa Shin-Ichi , Uchida Kanji
Published: November 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited renal disease characterized by the bilateral development of multiple cysts in the kidneys. Pain management is a clinically important issue, especially because approximately 60% of patients with ADPKD experience chronic pain related to hemorrhage from renal cysts, which significantly reduces their daily life. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, the molecule responsible for cyst formation in ADPKD, is also the cause of cystic fibrosis. Since attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to occur frequently in conjunction with cystic fibrosis, ADPKD may be associated with ADHD. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated 1) ADHD or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as comorbidities with ADPKD, 2) the effects of ADHD medications on chronic pain in ADPKD, or 3) cerebral blood flow corresponding to guanfacine (GF) or methylphenidate (MP) treatment for chronic pain. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with ADPKD, who had chronic back pain associated with ADPKD and had to withdraw from high school because the pain interfered with her daily life. Although she took antihypertensive medications to prevent bleeding, they did not provide adequate blood pressure control. The patient was referred to a child psychiatrist and diagnosed with ASD; however, the pain did not improve. Subsequently, she was referred to our pain center. The diagnosis of ADHD was confirmed and treatment with ADHD medications was initiated. Monotherapy with MP, atomoxetine, and GF resulted in hypertension and hypotension as side effects; however, a combination of MP 18 mg and GF 4 mg provided pain relief and moderate blood pressure control, and the patient was able to go on to college. During the course of treatment, there was an improvement in the distribution of cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal and insular cortices. Confirmation of an ADHD diagnosis comorbid with ASD enabled the use of ADHD medications. The combination of MP and GF improved chronic back pain and high blood pressure due to ADPKD and cerebral blood flow. Screening for ADHD is important in the treatment of ADPKD.
Test–retest reliability of four flatwater performance-related tests in canoe slalom athletes
Authors: Vajda Matej , Krupa Felix , Busta Jan , Pratt Jaylene
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the test–retest reliability of four flatwater performance-related tests in canoe slalom athletes.

Methods: Twenty-two Slovak national team members of junior and U23 age group racing in a category K1 men (K1M), K1 women (K1W) or C1 men (C1M) volunteered to take part in this study. During both test and retest testing sessions athletes performed 4 flatwater tests: SPS—Sprints with a turn to the preferred side (2 × 15 m shuttle sprints), SNPS—Sprints with a turn to the non-preferred side (2 × 15 m shuttle sprints), SBS—Sprints with turns to both sides (2 × 15 m shuttle sprints) as well as 12 × 15 AOT—12 × 15 m all out shuttle test (12 × 15 m shuttle sprints). Each athlete completed two sessions separated by a minimum of days and a maximum of 5 days. Results: The results have shown the excellent test-retest reliability of all four flatwater tests (ICC—SPS: 0.98; SPNPS 0.97; SBS: 0.98 and 12 × 15 m AOT: 0.96). Additionally, results have shown SEM (SPS: 0.14; SPNPS 0.18; SBS: 0.13 and 12 × 15 m AOT: 1.05) and SWC (SPS: 0.21; SPNPS 0.26; SBS: 0.19 and 12 × 15 m AOT: 1.58). Conclusion: Based on our results we suggest that coaches use these valid and reliable tests to assess changes in their athletes’ performance-related physical fitness over time, to verify the effectiveness of training programs focused on improvement in specific physical fitness of athletes as well as to identify asymmetries between the preferred and non-preferred side in canoe slalom athletes.
Mouse skeletal muscle adaptations to different durations of treadmill exercise after the cessation of FOLFOX chemotherapy
Authors: Halle Jessica L. , Counts Brittany R. , Zhang Quan , James Kylie M. , Puppa Melissa J. , Alway Stephen E. , Carson James A.
Published: November 2023

FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) chemotherapy is a treatment for colorectal cancer that can induce persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction. Regular exercise after chemotherapy cessation is widely recommended for cancer patients and has been shown to improve fatigue resistance in mice. However, gaps remain in understanding whether the early systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to regular exercise are altered by prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, the effects of exercise duration on early metabolic and skeletal muscle transcriptional adaptations are not fully established.

Purpose: Investigate the effects of prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment on the early adaptations to repeated short- or long-duration treadmill exercise, including the fasting regulation of circulating metabolic regulators, skeletal muscle COXIV activity and myokine/exerkine gene expression in male mice.

Methods: Male C57BL6/J mice completed 4 cycles of FOLFOX or PBS and were allowed to recover for 4-weeks. Subsets of mice performed 14 sessions (6 d/wk, 18 m/min, 5% grade) of short- (10 min/d) or long-duration (55 min/d) treadmill exercise. Blood plasma and muscle tissues were collected 48–72 h after the last exercise bout for biochemical analyses.

Results: Long-duration exercise increased fasting plasma osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6 in healthy PBS mice, and these changes were ablated by prior FOLFOX treatment. Slow-oxidative soleus muscle COXIV activity increased in response to long-duration exercise in PBS mice, which was blocked by prior FOLFOX treatment. Fast-glycolytic plantaris muscle COXIV activity increased with short-duration exercise independent of FOLFOX administration. There was a main effect for long-duration exercise to increase fasting muscle IL-6 and COXIV mRNA expression independent of FOLFOX. FOLFOX administration reduced muscle IL-6, LIF, and BDNF mRNA expression irrespective of long-duration exercise. Interestingly, short-duration exercise suppressed the FOLXOX induction of muscle myostatin mRNA expression.

Conclusion: FOLFOX attenuated early exercise adaptations related to fasting circulating osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6. However, prior FOLFOX treatment did not alter the exercise adaptations of plantaris muscle COXIV activity and plasma adiponectin. An improved understanding of mechanisms underlying exercise adaptations after chemotherapy will provide the basis for successfully treating fatigue and metabolic dysfunction in cancer survivors.
Convolutional neural network in rice disease recognition: accuracy, speed and lightweight
Authors: Ning Hongwei , Liu Sheng , Zhu Qifei , Zhou Teng
Published: November 2023

There are many rice diseases, which have very serious negative effects on rice growth and final yield. It is very important to identify the categories of rice diseases and control them. In the past, the identification of rice disease types was completely dependent on manual work, which required a high level of human experience. But the method often could not achieve the desired effect, and was difficult to popularize on a large scale. Convolutional neural networks are good at extracting localized features from input data, converting low-level shape and texture features into high-level semantic features. Models trained by convolutional neural network technology based on existing data can extract common features of data and make the framework have generalization ability. Applying ensemble learning or transfer learning techniques to convolutional neural network can further improve the performance of the model. In recent years, convolutional neural network technology has been applied to the automatic recognition of rice diseases, which reduces the manpower burden and ensures the accuracy of recognition. In this paper, the applications of convolutional neural network technology in rice disease recognition are summarized, and the fruitful achievements in rice disease recognition accuracy, speed, and mobile device deployment are described. This paper also elaborates on the lightweighting of convolutional neural networks for real-time applications as well as mobile deployments, and the various improvements in the dataset and model structure to enhance the model recognition performance.
Heterogeneous responses of wetland vegetation to climate change in the Amur River basin characterized by normalized difference vegetation index from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Xing Zihan , Li Xiaoyan , Mao Dehua , Luo Ling , Wang Zongming
Published: November 2023

Climate change affects wetland vegetation dramatically in mid- and high- latitudes, especially in the Amur River basin (ARB), straddling three countries and distributing abundance wetlands. In this study, spatiotemporal changes in average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of wetland during the annual growing season were examined in the ARB from 1982 to 2020, and the responses of wetland vegetation to climatic change (temperature and precipitation) in different countries, geographic gradients, and time periods were analyzed by correlation analysis. The NDVI of wetland in the ARB increased significantly (p < 0.01) at the rate of 0.023 per decade from 1982 to 2020, and the NDVI on the Russian side (0.03 per decade) increased faster than that on the Chinese side (0.02 per decade). The NDVI of wetland was significantly positively correlated with daily mean temperature (p < 0.05, r = 0.701) and negatively correlated with precipitation, although the correlation was not significant (p > 0.05, r = −0.12). However, the asymmetric effects of diurnal warming on wetland vegetation were weak in the ARB. Correlations between the NDVI of wetland and climatic factors were zonal in latitudinal and longitudinal directions, and 49°N and 130°E were the points for a shift between increasing and decreasing correlation coefficients, closely related to the climatic zone. Under climate warming scenarios, the NDVI of wetland is predicted to continue to increase until 2080. The findings of this study are expected to deepen the understanding on response of wetland ecosystem to global change and promote regional wetland ecological protection.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on episodic memory in patients with subjective cognitive decline: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Huang Sisi , Lu Qian , Song Jie , Teng Jing , Wang Tong , Shen Ying
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Early decline of episodic memory is detectable in subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with encoding episodic memories. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel and viable tool to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment, but the treatment effect in SCD has not been studied. We aim to investigate the efficacy of rTMS on episodic memory in individuals with SCD, and to explore the potential mechanisms of neural plasticity.

Methods

In our randomized, sham-controlled trial, patients (n = 60) with SCD will receive 20 sessions (5 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks) of real rTMS (n = 30) or sham rTMS (n = 30) over the left DLPFC. The primary outcome is the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan version (AVLT-H). Other neuropsychological examinations and the long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity evaluation serve as the secondary outcomes. These outcomes will be assessed before and at the end of the intervention.

Discussion

If the episodic memory of SCD improve after the intervention, the study will confirm that rTMS is a promising intervention for cognitive function improvement on the early stage of dementia. This study will also provide important clinical evidence for early intervention in AD and emphasizes the significance that impaired LTP-like cortical plasticity may be a potential biomarker of AD prognosis by demonstrating the predictive role of LTP on cognitive improvement in SCD.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the hospital (No. 2023-002-01). The results will be published in peer-review publications.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2300075517.
Adverse effects of temperature on perinatal and pregnancy outcomes: methodological challenges and knowledge gaps
Authors: Mehta Maitry , Basu Rupa , Ghosh Rakesh
Published: November 2023

Evidence linking temperature with adverse perinatal and pregnancy outcomes is emerging. We searched for literature published until 30 January 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, and reference lists of articles focusing on the outcomes that were most studied like preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A review of the literature reveals important gaps in knowledge and several methodological challenges. One important gap is the lack of knowledge of how core body temperature modulates under extreme ambient temperature exposure during pregnancy. We do not know the magnitude of non-modulation of body temperature during pregnancy that is clinically significant, i.e., when the body starts triggering physiologic counterbalances. Furthermore, few studies are conducted in places where extreme temperature conditions are more frequently encountered, such as in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Little is also known about specific cost-effective interventions that can be implemented in vulnerable communities to reduce adverse outcomes. As the threat of global warming looms large, effective interventions are critically necessary to mitigate its effects.
Association between cultural capital and health literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic among community residents in China: the mediating effect of social capital
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhao Hang , Chen Huayong , Xiao Mimi
Published: November 2023

Background

Health literacy is crucial for managing pandemics such as COVID-19 and maintaining the health of the population; our goal was to investigate the impact of cultural capital on health literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic among community residents and to further examine the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between cultural capital and health literacy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,600 community residents selected in Chongqing, China using a stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey, including sociodemographic characteristics, cultural capital, social capital, and health literacy. Chi-square analysis, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and hierarchical linear regression were used to analyze the level of health literacy among community residents and the related elements; the structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the influential mechanisms of health literacy and explore whether social capital acted as a mediator in the relationship between cultural capital and health literacy.

Results

Cultural capital, community participation, community trust, reciprocity, and cognitive social capital had a significant positive effect on health literacy. In addition, the results of SEM indicated that cultural capital not only directly influences health literacy (β = 0.383, 95% CI = 0.265–0.648), but also indirectly influences health literacy through three types of social capital (β = 0.175, 95% CI = 0.117–0.465; β = 0.191, 95% CI = 0.111–0.406; β = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.031–0.174); its mediating effect accounting for 50.7% of the overall effect.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the empirical link between cultural capital and health literacy, and suggest that social capital mediates this connection. These findings suggest that governments and communities should focus on the construction of community cultural capital and provide residents with better social capital to improve their health literacy to prepare for future pandemics.
How might we motivate uptake of the Dual Prevention Pill? Findings from human-centered design research with potential end users, male partners, and healthcare providers
Authors: Nyagah Wawira , Segal Kate , Feltham Jess , Ash Alex , Major Jocelyn , Masani Moowa
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) combining contraception with HIV prevention offer a promising solution to uptake and adherence challenges faced with oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The Dual Prevention Pill (DPP), which combines oral PrEP with an oral contraceptive pill (OCP), could address unmet need for family planning (FP) and HIV prevention. This study aimed to identify barriers and motivators for DPP uptake to inform the development of a DPP demand generation strategy and broader introduction efforts for MPTs.

Materials and methods

Qualitative, ethnographic research employing human-centered design techniques was conducted in Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. A research consortium conducted 45 immersions, 34 key informant interviews, and 12 friendship circles with potential end users, male romantic partners, healthcare providers (HCPs), and cultural commentators. Creative concepts were subsequently co-created and validated in workshops with end users, male partners, and HCPs.

Results

Four major themes emerged. Women struggled to balance personal motivations with societal expectations. Relationship goals strongly influenced sexual and reproductive health decisions, particularly related to financial security and social status. Negative experiences, such as untrustworthy partners, were significant triggers for OCP and PrEP use. Lastly, male partners were concerned about the DPP upending gender norms but held more positive individual attitudes. Five initial audience segments for the DPP were identified: women seeking enjoyment outside of their primary relationship; new mothers adhering to social norms; women wanting to maintain romantic relationships; women at risk of unintended pregnancy; and women with unfaithful partners. Segments informed the development of three communication themes, with the preferred route highlighting the DPP as a tool to prepare for life's unpredictability.

Discussion

To effectively generate demand for the DPP, several strategies should be considered. Connecting with women's diverse identities and goals and celebrating their individuality is crucial. Linking the DPP to relationship goals reframes it as a means to protect relationships rather than a risk. Leveraging negative triggers through targeted media campaigns empowers women to take control of their sexual health during challenging moments. A balance in channel placement is necessary to raise public awareness while using more discrete channels for potentially controversial messages with male partners and wider communities.
Migrant penalty in the European labor markets: the interplay between individual characteristics and the regional context
Authors: Avola Maurizio , Piccitto Giorgio , Vegetti Federico
Published: November 2023

This study aims to verify if and how migrant penalty in the labor market is associated with sub-national characteristics, exploring the relevance of the regional occupational structure. We expect that a greater relevance of the share of low-status jobs at the regional level reduces the migrant penalty in terms of the probability of being employed, but increases the gap with natives in terms of job quality. We investigate this trade-off by estimating a set of hierarchical models on the EU-LFS data (2009–2015) for 19 countries and 189 regions. Results suggest a pattern consistent with the trade-off hypothesis, nuanced by heterogeneity at the individual level: in regions where the share of low-status jobs is higher, mid-high educated immigrants from less developed countries are less (or not) penalized compared to natives in terms of employment, while they face a stronger penalty in terms of job quality. What is more, the trade-off is not observed when considering low-educated migrants or those from high-income countries.
Measuring objective physical activity in people with chronic low back pain using accelerometers: a scoping review
Authors: Berger Mathilde , Bertrand Anne Martine , Robert Thomas , Chèze Laurence
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Accelerometers can be used to objectively measure physical activity. They could be offered to people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who are encouraged to maintain an active lifestyle. The aim of this study was to examine the use of accelerometers in studies of people with CLBP and to synthesize the main results regarding the measurement of objective physical activity.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Relevant studies were collected from 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science) between January 2000 and July 2023. Two reviewers independently screened all studies and extracted data.

Results

40 publications out of 810 citations were included for analysis. The use of accelerometers in people with CLBP differed across studies; the duration of measurement, physical activity outcomes and models varied, and several limitations of accelerometry were reported. The main results of objective physical activity measures varied and were sometimes contradictory. Thus, they question the validity of measurement methods and provide the opportunity to discuss the objective physical activity of people with CLBP.

Conclusions

Accelerometers have the potential to monitor physical performance in people with CLBP; however, important technical limitations must be overcome.
Tools and techniques for classifying behaviours in canine epilepsy
Authors: Folkard Emily , Niel Lee , Gaitero Luis , James Fiona May Kier
Published: November 2023

Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in dogs. Similar to humans, dogs with epilepsy often experience behavioural comorbidities such as increased fear, anxiety, and aggression, as reported by their caregivers. Investigations of behaviour in canine epilepsy have yet to untangle interictal and pre and postictal behaviours, prodromal changes, and seizure-precipitating factors. Under-recognition of absence and focal seizures further complicates these assessments. These complex behavioural presentations in combination with caring for an epileptic animal have a significant negative impact on the dog’s and caregiver’s quality of life. Despite the growing recognition of behavioural comorbidities and their impact on quality of life in dogs with epilepsy, few objective research methods for classifying and quantifying canine behaviour exist. This narrative review examines the strengths, limitations, and granularity of three tools used in the investigation of canine behaviour and epilepsy; questionnaires, electroencephalography, and actigraphy. It suggests that a prospective combination of these three tools has the potential to offer improvements to the objective classification and quantification of canine behaviour in epilepsy.
Advances in Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Ren Xiaoyan , Wu Wenjuan , Li Qiufan , Li Wen , Wang Gang
Published: November 2023

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were classified separately in the 5th edition (2020) of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital malignancies. Cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is distinguished by its low incidence, high invasiveness, early local dissemination, and distant metastases. The purpose of this review is to outline the achievements in pathology, diagnostics, gene sequencing, and multi-modality treatment of cervical NEC.
Distance-Scalar Disturbance Observer-Based Parallel Approaching Guidance Using Finite-Time Prescribed Performance
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Yong Kenan , Shen Yaohua
Published: November 2023

In this paper, to make an interceptor intercept a maneuvering target, a parallel approaching guidance law is developed. In order to estimate the target maneuver more accurately and reduce its influence on the guidance accuracy, a distance-scalar disturbance observer is employed. Specifically, the estimation accuracy of the designed observer is not affected by the relative distance. Finite-time prescribed performance is employed to ensure that the line-of-sight angular rate is capable of converging to a predetermined small region within the specified finite time. All signals of the interception system can guarantee an ultimately uniformly boundedness, as proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the function of the parallel approaching guidance law is demonstrated using numerical simulation.
Oil Extraction from Hemp Plant as a Potential Source of Cannabidiol for Healthy Protein Foods
Authors: Mileti Olga , Baldino Noemi , Paleologo Mario F. O. , Lupi Francesca R. , Marra Maria , Iacopetta Domenico , Gabriele Domenico
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the increasing demand for alternative foods has shifted research toward new sources enriched with nutraceutical molecules. It is well known that many diseases are caused by oxidative stress; thus, the supplementation of antioxidants has been proposed to reduce it. Cannabis sativa L. is an interesting species that could provide an alternative source of antioxidants. This work aimed to investigate the possibility of optimizing the yield of cannabidiol (CBD) and recovering it from residual biomass (stalks), valorizing the residual biomass, and using this for protein bar preparation. Different extraction methods were used, and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to analyze the extracts. Antioxidant power was investigated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The best results in terms of CBD yield were obtained via dynamic maceration after decarboxylation with a quantity of 26.7 ± 2 mgCBD/graw material from inflorescences. The extract also shows good antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 38.1 ± 1.1 µg/mL measured using the DPPH assay. The CBD extract was added to the hemp oil to obtain dough for protein bars. The doughs were studied by taking rheological and technological measurements, and it was found that the protein bars could provide an excellent means for the consumption of products enriched with antioxidants because their CBD anti-inflammatory activity is preserved after cooking.
Fabrication of a Reflective Optical Imaging Device for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mai Huu Thuan , Ngo Duc Quan , Nguyen Hong Phuong Thi , La Duong Duc
Published: November 2023

This work presented the design and fabrication of a blood vessel and breast tumor detection device (BKA-06) based on optical energy spectroscopy. The BKA-06 device uses red-to-near-infrared light-emitting diodes that allow physicians or physicians to visualize blood vessels and surface structures such as breast tumors with the naked eye. The device consists of a built-in current control circuit to have the appropriate brightness (maximum illuminance of 98,592 lux) for the examination of superficial tumors deep under the skin, with a scan time of 3–5 min. The device BKA-06 can facilely observe each layer of blood vessels at the depth of the skin. For breast tumors, the location, size, and invasive areas around the tumor can also be visualized with the naked eye using the BKA-06 sensor. The results show that the BKA-06 sensor can provide clear breast tumor and vascular images, with a penetration of up to 15 cm in the skin and tissue layers of the breast. The breast tumor scanning tests with the BKA-06 sensor gave patients quick results and compared them through cell biopsy and MRI, respectively. The device has the advantages of being simple and easy to use, providing potential practical applications in the medical field and reducing costs for patients when taking MRI or CT scans. Therefore, the BKA-06 device is expected to help doctors and medical staff overcome difficulties in infusion, as well as identify breast tumors to support early breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
The Impact of Clinical Prognosis of Viral Hepatitis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Wang Yu-Ming , Luo Sheng-Dean , Wu Ching-Nung , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen Wei-Chih , Yang Yao-Hsu , Chiu Tai-Jan
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and examined the prognostic impact of antiviral therapies. In a 19-year retrospective analysis of 8224 HNC patients treated with CCRT, 29.8% (2452) were diagnosed with HBV or HCV, of whom 714 received antiviral therapy. For non-metastatic HNC patients on CCRT, factors such as gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), liver cirrhosis markers (Fibrosis-4, APRI), and initial tumor stage were significant determinants of their overall survival. However, the presence of HBV or HCV and the administration of antiviral treatments did not yield distinct survival outcomes. In summary, antiviral therapy for HBV or HCV did not affect the 5-year survival rates of non-metastatic HNC patients undergoing CCRT, while gender, tumor stage, CCI, and liver cirrhosis were notable prognostic indicators.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/microRNA-145 Ratio: Bridging Genomic and Immunological Variabilities in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Toraih Eman A. , Hussein Mohamed H. , Al Ageeli Essam , Ellaban Mohamad , Kattan Shahd W. , Moroz Krzysztof , Fawzy Manal S. , Kandil Emad
Published: November 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and microRNA-145 (miR-145) have emerged as essential biomarkers in thyroid cancer progression and metastasis. However, their combined evaluation and clinical utility as a unified prognostic marker across diverse thyroid cancer subgroups remain unexplored. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of the MMP9/miR-145 ratio in thyroid cancer, hypothesizing it may overcome inter-patient heterogeneity and serve as a versatile biomarker regardless of genetic mutations or autoimmune status. MMP9 and miR-145 expressions were analyzed in 175 paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal tissues. Plasma levels were assessed perioperatively and longitudinally over 12–18 months in 86 matched PTC patients. The associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes were evaluated. MMP9 was upregulated, and miR-145 downregulated in cancer tissues, with a median MMP9/miR-145 ratio 17.6-fold higher versus controls. The tissue ratio accurately diagnosed thyroid malignancy regardless of BRAF mutation or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis status, overcoming genetic and autoimmune heterogeneity. A high preoperative circulating ratio predicted aggressive disease features, including lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, progression/relapse, and recurrence. Although the preoperative plasma ratio was elevated in patients with unfavorable outcomes, it had limited utility for post-surgical monitoring. In conclusion, the MMP9/miR-145 ratio is a promising biomarker in PTC that bridges genetic and immunological variabilities, enhancing preoperative diagnosis and prognostication across diverse patient subgroups. It accurately stratifies heterogenous cases by aggressiveness. The longitudinal trends indicate decreasing applicability for post-thyroidectomy surveillance. Further large-scale validation and protocol standardization can facilitate clinical translation of the MMP9/miR-145 ratio to guide personalized thyroid cancer management.
Imaging Features of Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: Single Institution Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Spinnato Paolo , Papalexis Nicolas , Colangeli Marco , Miceli Marco , Crombé Amandine , Parmeggiani Anna , Palmerini Emanuela , Righi Alberto , Bianchi Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) subtype with poor prognosis and limited response to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Prompt recognition and referral to sarcoma centers for appropriate management are crucial for patients’ survival. The purpose of this study was to report ASPS pre-treatment imaging features and to examine the existing literature on this topic. Twelve patients (7 women, 5 men—mean age 27.1 ± 10.7 years) were included from our single-center experience. Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) available were reviewed according to an analysis grid incorporating features from the latest research on STS. Clinical, histological, and outcome data were collected. MRI was available in 10 patients (83.3%), US in 7 patients (58.3%), and CT in 3 patients (25%). Mean longest tumor diameter was 7.6 ± 2.9 cm, and all tumors were deeply seated. Large peritumoral feeding vessels were systematically found and identified on ultrasonography (7/7), MRI (10/10), and CT (3/3). US revealed a well-defined heterogeneous hypoechoic pattern, with abundant flow signals in all patients (7/7). In all patients, MRI showed mildly high signal intensity (SI) on T1-WI and high SI on T2-WI and peritumoral edema. Moreover, flow-voids (due to arteriosus high-flow) into the peritumoral/intratumoral feeding vessels were detected in the MRI fluid-sensitive sequences of all patients. At baseline, whole-body contrast-enhanced CT revealed metastases in 8/12 (66.7%) patients. A pre-treatment longest diameter > 5 cm was significantly associated with distant metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.01). A maximum diameter > 5 cm represents a risk of metastatic disease at diagnosis (odds ratio = 45.0000 (95% CI: 1.4908—1358.3585), p = 0.0285). In the comprehensive literature review, we found 14 articles (case series or original research) focusing on ASPS imaging, with a total of 151 patients included. Merging our experience with the data from the existing literature, we conclude that the hallmark of ASPS imaging at presentation are the following characteristics: deep location, a slight hyperintense MRI SI on T1-WI and a hyperintense SI on T2-WI, numerous MRI flow voids, high internal vascularization, and large peritumoral feeding vessels.
Progress in Fermented Unconventional Feed Application in Monogastric Animal Production in China
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Kang Xinyue , Tan Huize , Cai Huiyi , Chen Dan
Published: November 2023

Unconventional animal feeds present distinct features and considerable variations. However, their efficacy in monogastric animals is hindered by high levels of anti-nutritional elements and subpar palatability. Feed fermentation could offer a solution to these issues. Moreover, fermented unconventional feeds deliver notable economic advantages and represent a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, particularly in the context of antibiotic restrictions, promising considerable potential. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the types, characteristics, fermentation processes, application outcomes, associated challenges, and prospects of fermented unconventional feeds in monogastric animals. We anticipate that this comprehensive overview will serve as a valuable reference for developing and utilizing unconventional feed resources in the feed industry.
Effect of Skim Milk Powder and Whey Protein Concentrate Addition on the Manufacture of Probiotic Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Alsaleem Khalid , Hamouda Mahmoud , Alayouni Raed , Elfaruk Mohamed , Hammam Ahmed
Published: November 2023

This work aimed to study the effect of adding skim milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) to probiotic mozzarella cheese. Pasteurized cow milk was heated to 55 °C and divided into five parts: PMC1 (control), PMC2 (1% SMP), PMC3 (1.5% SMP), PMC4 (1% WPC), and PMC5 (1.5% WPC). After mixing powders in the respective concentrations in the treatments, the milk was cooled to 35 °C, and Bifidobacterium bifidum culture (5%) was added. Proximate analysis, calcium, soluble nitrogen (SN), total Bifidobacterium bifidum count, cheese yield, hardness, and meltability tests were carried out at 0, 14, and 28 days of storage. The mozzarella cheese samples with WPC added had higher acidity, total solids, and protein content than the mozzarella cheese samples with SMP added and the control samples during storage. The addition of WPC led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the count of Bifidobacterium bifidum during storage at 5 °C. The cheeses with WPC added had increased meltability, higher hardness, and higher browning on pizza compared to those of the mozzarella cheese with SMP added. A sensory evaluation showed that the addition of WPC increased sensory scores, compared to the addition of SMP. As storage time progressed, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the Bifidobacterium bifidum, meltability, and sensory scores of PMC in all treatments.