bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Sided Competitive Axial Coordination of G‐Quadruplex/Hemin as Molecular Switch for Imaging Intracellular Nitric Oxide
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Jun , Ma Fengjiao , Wang Quanbo , Xu Hui , Ju Huangxian , Lei Jianping
Published: November 2018

Axial coordination is a crucial biological process to regulate biomolecules’ functions in natural enzymes. However, it is a great challenge to determine the single or dual axial interaction between the metal center of enzymes and the ligand. In this work, a controllable axial coordination system was developed based on G‐quadruplex/hemin complex by designing a series of fluorescent derivatives. The mechanism on axial coordination of G‐quadruplex/hemin with coumarin‐imidazole ligands was proposed to be single‐sided, and led to fluorescence quenching of ligands. Upon addition of nitric oxide, the fluorescence of ligands was recovered through competitive axial coordination, providing a “signal on” strategy for signal transduction. More significantly, the fluorescent imaging of intracellular nitric oxide was achieved after conjugating with gold nanoparticles. Also, the proposed protocol provided a smart strategy to monitor the relationship between nitric oxide and p53 protein activity in living cells.
Ce(IO3)2F2⋅H2O: The First Rare‐Earth‐Metal Iodate Fluoride with Large Second Harmonic Generation Response
Authors: Abudouwufu Tushagu , Zhang Min , Cheng Shichao , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: November 2018

The first rare earth metal iodate fluoride, Ce(IO3)2F2⋅H2O, was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In the structure, CeO5F4 polyhedra connect with isolated IO3 groups to form 1D infinite
[Ce(IO3)2F2] chains, which interconnect with each other by weak hydrogen bonds to construct the whole structure. Ce(IO3)2F2⋅H2O produces a large second harmonic generation response, which is three times that of potassium dihydrogenphosphate. Theoretical calculations with DFT and dipole moments were performed to illustrate the relationships between the structure and the properties. The results show that Ce(IO3)2F2⋅H2O is a new iodate fluoride with novel structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics.
A High‐Pressure Praseodymium Fluoride Borate Linking Multiple Structural Features of Apatite‐Type Compounds
Authors: Glätzle Matthias , Pitscheider Almut , Oeckler Oliver , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: November 2018

Pr5(BO4)3−x(BO3)x(F,OH)2.67O0.28 (x≈1.6), a boron‐containing fluoride‐oxoapatite‐like compound, was obtained by the application of high‐pressure/high‐temperature synthesis. It exhibits a superstructure of the apatite type with a tripled c lattice parameter (space group P63/m) and shows complex anion disorder along the 63 screw axis and occupation of distorted octahedra, as well as almost trigonal planar sites, by oxygen and fluorine atoms. Furthermore, a distinct BO4/(BO3+F) group disorder is found; 46 % of the sites being occupied by BO4 groups and 54 % by BO3 groups, with a fluoride ion located near the missing oxygen atom. The rare earth cations in the 4f sites exhibit a specific distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination with a mean metaprism twist angle of 21.3°. The crystal structure of Pr5(BO4)3−x(BO3)x(F,OH)2.67O0.28 (x≈1.6) shows much “flexibility” resulting in split and off‐site positions of all other rare earth cations. The title compound therefore combines many structural features of apatite‐like compounds, for example biologically highly‐important carbonated apatites, shedding more light onto the complex structural chemistry of apatites.
Structural and Kinetic Profiling of Allosteric Modulation of Duplex DNA Induced by DNA‐Binding Polyamide Analogues
Authors: Aman Khalid , Padroni Giacomo , Parkinson John A. , Welte Thomas , Burley Glenn A.
Published: November 2018

A combined structural and quantitative biophysical profile of the DNA binding affinity, kinetics and sequence‐selectivity of hairpin polyamide analogues is described. DNA duplexes containing either target polyamide binding sites or mismatch sequences are immobilized on a microelectrode surface. Quantitation of the DNA binding profile of polyamides containing N‐terminal 1‐alkylimidazole (Im) units exhibit picomolar binding affinities for their target sequences, whereas 5‐alkylthiazole (Nt) units are an order of magnitude lower (low nanomolar). Comparative NMR structural analyses of the polyamide series shows that the steric bulk distal to the DNA‐binding face of the hairpin iPr‐Nt polyamide plays an influential role in the allosteric modulation of the overall DNA duplex structure. This combined kinetic and structural study provides a foundation to develop next‐generation hairpin designs where the DNA‐binding profile of polyamides is reconciled with their physicochemical properties.
Koenigs–Knorr Glycosylation Reaction Catalyzed by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Singh Yashapal , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: November 2018

The discovery that traditional silver(I)‐oxide‐promoted glycosidations of glycosyl bromides (Koenigs–Knorr reaction) can be greatly accelerated in the presence of catalytic trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) is reported. The reaction conditions are very mild that allowed for maintaining a practically neutral pH and, at the same time, providing high rates and excellent glycosylation yields. In addition, unusual reactivity trends among a series of differentially protected glycosyl bromides were documented. In particular, benzoylated α‐bromides were much more reactive than their benzylated counterparts under these conditions.
Catalytic Generation and Chemoselective Transfer of Nucleophilic Hydrides from Dihydrogen
Authors: Pape Felix , Brechmann Lea T. , Teichert Johannes F.
Published: November 2018

Copper(I)–N‐heterocyclic‐carbene (NHC) complexes enabled the catalytic generation of nucleophilic hydrides from dihydrogen (H2) and their subsequent transfer to allylic chlorides. The highly chemoselective catalyst displayed no concomitant hydrogenation reactivity; in fact, the terminal double bond formed in the hydride transfer remained intact. Switching to deuterium gas (D2) allowed for regioselective monodeuteration with excellent isotope incorporation.
Synaptic distributions of pS214‐tau in rhesus monkey prefrontal cortex are associated with spine density, but not with cognitive decline
Authors: Crimins Johanna L. , Puri Rishi , Calakos Katina C. , Yuk Frank , Janssen William G. M. , Hara Yuko , Rapp Peter R. , Morrison John H.
Published: November 2018

Female rhesus monkeys and women are subject to age‐ and menopause‐related deficits in working memory, an executive function mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Long‐term cyclic administration of 17β‐estradiol improves working memory, and restores highly plastic axospinous synapses within layer III dlPFC of aged ovariectomized monkeys. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that synaptic distributions of tau protein phosphorylated at serine 214 (pS214‐tau) are altered with age or estradiol treatment, and couple to working memory performance. First, ovariectormized young and aged monkeys received vehicle or estradiol treatment, and were tested on the delayed response (DR) test of working memory. Serial section electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was then performed to quantitatively assess the subcellular synaptic distributions of pS214‐tau. Overall, the majority of synapses contained pS214‐tau immunogold particles, which were predominantly localized to the cytoplasm of axon terminals. pS214‐tau was also abundant within synaptic and cytoplasmic domains of dendritic spines. The density of pS214‐tau immunogold within the active zone, cytoplasmic, and plasmalemmal domains of axon terminals, and subjacent to the postsynaptic density within the subsynaptic domains of dendritic spines, were each reduced with age. None of the variables examined were directly linked to cognitive status, but a high density of pS214‐tau immunogold particles within presynaptic cytoplasmic and plasmalemmal domains, and within postsynaptic subsynaptic and plasmalemmal domains, accompanied high synapse density. Together, these data support a possible physiological, rather than pathological, role for pS214‐tau in the modulation of synaptic morphology in monkey dlPFC.
Investigation of RNA‐RNA Interactions Using the RISE Database
Authors: Ju Yanyan , Gong Jing , Yang Yucheng T. , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff
Published: November 2018

RNA‐RNA interactions (RRIs) are essential to understanding the regulatory mechanisms of RNAs. Mapping RRIs in vivo in a transcriptome‐wide manner remained challenging until the recent development of several sequencing‐based technologies. However, RRIs generated from large‐scale studies had not been systematically collected and analyzed before. This article introduces RISE, a database of the RNA Interactome from Sequencing Experiments. RISE provides a comprehensive collection of RRIs in human, mouse, and yeast, derived from transcriptome‐wide sequencing experiments, as well as targeted sequencing studies and other public databases/datasets. To facilitate better understanding of the biological roles of these RRIs, RISE also offers rich functional annotations involving RNAs, and an interactive interface to explore the analysis results. Here, we provide a brief description of the RISE website and a step‐by‐step protocol for using RISE to study RRIs. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel high speed Artificial Neural Network–based chaotic True Random Number Generator on Field Programmable Gate Array
Authors: Alcin Murat , Koyuncu Ismail , Tuna Murat , Varan Metin , Pehlivan Ihsan
Published: November 2018

It is well observed that cryptographic applications have great challenges in guaranteeing high security as well as high throughput. Artificial neural network (ANN)–based chaotic true random number generator (TRNG) structure has not been unprecedented in current literature. This paper provides a novel type of high‐speed TRNG based on chaos and ANN implemented in a Xilinx field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. The paper consists of two main parts. In the first part, chaos analyses of Pehlivan‐Uyaroglu_2010 chaotic system (PUCS) have been accomplished to prove that PUCS operates in chaotic regime. So PUCS can be an efficient alternative to the entropy source for classical TRNGs. In the second part, the hardware design of the proposed TRNG has been created using VHDL in Xilinx platform. As a result, the implemented TRNG offers throughput up to 115.794 Mbps. Besides, the generated random numbers have been tested with the FIPS 140‐1 and NIST 800.22 test suites. The high quality of generated true random numbers have been confirmed by passing all randomness tests. The results have shown that the proposed system can provide not only high throughput but also high quality random bit sequences for a wide variety of embedded cryptographic applications.
Traffic pattern–based load‐balancing algorithm in software‐defined network using distributed controllers
Authors: Gasmelseed Hatim , Ramar Ramalakshmi
Published: November 2018

Programmability and decoupling of the data plane and control plane in software‐defined networking (SDN) make the enterprise's network to focus on this new paradigm and to deploy their applications on it. Furthermore, supporting of distributed controllers in SDN opens the opportunities to address the limitations of centralized controller's architecture, which in turn improves the overall performance of the network. This study proposes a new load‐balancing algorithm to handle the load based on the traffic pattern specifically transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) traffic. Additionally, this study uses a distributed SDN controller's architecture to host the load balancer application. This study also employs a failover mechanism on the distributed architecture to achieve high‐availability environment and to ensure the redundancy and reliability of the network. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of availability, which is increased by 11%, response time is reduced by 98%, transaction rate is also increased by 258%, throughput is increased by 206%, concurrency is reduced by 63%, and packet loss is reduced by 86% while comparing with random, round‐robin, and weighted round‐robin algorithms in addition to ease the integration and deployment in distributed controllers.
Independence of syntactic and phonological deficits in dyslexia: A study using the attraction error paradigm
Authors: Antón‐Méndez Inés , Cuetos Fernando , Suárez‐Coalla Paz
Published: November 2018

This paper addresses the question of whether dyslexic children suffer from syntactic deficits that are independent of limitations with phonological processing. We looked at subject‐verb agreement errors after sentence subjects containing a second noun (the attractor) known to be able to attract incorrect agreement (e.g., “the owner(s) of the house(s) is/are away”). In the general population, attraction errors are not straightforwardly dependent on the presence or absence of morphophonological plural markers but on their syntactic configuration. The same would be expected for dyslexic children if their syntactic problems are not phonological in nature. We also looked at the possible effect of system overload on syntactic processing by comparing auditory and written presentation of stimuli and stimuli with high and low frequency attractors. Dyslexic children produced more agreement errors than age‐matched controls, but their errors were distributed in the expected manner and did not align with the presence of morphophonological number markers in the subject overall. Furthermore, there was no effect of either presentation mode or attractor frequency on the number of agreement errors. Our results confirm the existence of syntactic difficulties in dyslexia and suggest that they are not due to a phonological deficit or to verbal working memory limitations.
Statistical methods and reporting practices in the study of dyslexia
Authors: Rollins Adam , Oslund Eric L. , Wallace Kelli , Li Daren
Published: November 2018

This report presents findings from a review of the journals Dyslexia and Annals of Dyslexia over a 10‐year period from 2005 to 2014. Three hundred articles were reviewed to examine statistical methodology and reporting practices. Articles were coded according to their reported covariates, effect sizes, and statistical methods. In addition, trends were examined in relation to the 2008 release of the What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook from the Institute of Education Sciences in order to evaluate any potential impact of recommended practices. We found an increase in prevalence of specific statistical methods as well as increases in reporting of effect sizes following publication of the handbook. The reporting of effect sizes statistically significantly increased following publication of the manual (55% prepublication vs. 72% post‐publication). The use of analysis of variance increased post‐publication, whereas articles using no statistical methods or descriptives only decreased. Approximately one third of articles included covariates in their analysis; inclusion of covariates was consistent from prepublication to post‐publication. Findings indicate that over the past 10 years, articles are becoming increasingly rigorous in methodology and reporting practices.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate and Ceric Ammonium Chloride as Precursors for Ceric Siloxides: Ammonia and Ammonium Inclusion
Authors: Friedrich Jochen , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Schrenk Claudio , Schnepf Andreas , Anwander Reiner
Published: November 2018

Treatment of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) with sodium tris(tert‐butoxy)siloxide in THF afforded crystalline complexes [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}3(NO3)(NH3)2(THF)] and [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}4(NH3)2] featuring strong ammonia coordination. Conducting the CAN/NaOSi(OtBu)3 (1:4) reaction in acetonitrile gave ceric ate complex [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}3(NO3)2(NH4)(NCCH3)] where the ammonium cation is embedded in the siloxy ligand sphere via hydrogen bonding. Salt‐metathetic conversion of ceric organo(R)ammonium hexachlorides (CACR, R = Me, Et) with NaOSi(OtBu)3 and sodium siloxides NaOSiR3 (R = Et, iPr) in THF allowed the isolation of ceric siloxide complexes [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}4], [Ce(OSiEt3)4(THF)0.5], and [Ce(OSiiPr3)4]. Although the reaction products are prone to ate complex formation with the organoammonium chloride side products, the salt‐metathesis route gave good yields for homoleptic [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}4]. The CACR/alkylsiloxide reaction mixtures also suffer from (photo)redox processes as revealed by the formation of trivalent [Ce(OSiiPr3)4(NMe4)], but can be further stabilized by pyridine coordination as shown for the solid‐state structure of [Ce(OSiiPr3)4(py)]. The siloxide complexes were characterized by NMR, DRIFT, UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, as well as paramagnetic susceptibility measurements, X‐ray structure, and elemental analysis. The electrochemical studies revealed an effective stabilization of the CeIV ion within the siloxy ligand environments.
Microchip gel electrophoretic analysis of perchloric acid‐soluble serum proteins in systemic inflammatory disorders
Authors: Makszin Lilla , Kustán Péter , Szirmay Balázs , Páger Csilla , Mező Emerencia , Kalács Krisztina I. , Pászthy Vera , Györgyi Erzsébet , Kilár Ferenc , Ludány Andrea , Kőszegi Tamás
Published: November 2018

Perchloric acid (PCA) precipitation is a well‐known method for the separation of heavily glycosylated proteins and for reducing the masking effect of major serum proteins. The aim of this study is to characterize PCA‐soluble serum proteins in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and sepsis. A PCA precipitation protocol was prepared and adapted to the analytical methods. After PCA treatment of the serum, the soluble proteins in the supernatant were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and by microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE). Characteristic changes of the electrophoretic patterns of the PCA‐soluble fractions were observed. Four characteristic bands (at ∼11, ∼65, ∼85, and ∼120 kDa) with varying intensity were detected by MGE. The proportion of the ∼65, ∼85, and ∼120 kDa bands were significantly higher in systemic inflammatory conditions than in healthy individuals (p < 0.001), and characteristic patterns were observed in patients with acute inflammation. The marked differences in the acid‐soluble protein patterns, which were observed in patients with ongoing systemic inflammation, might be a good indicator of inflammation. The MGE analysis is a fast screening and quantification method for the detection of characteristic changes among acid‐soluble serum proteins.
Cytome micronucleus assays with a metabolically competent human derived liver cell line (Huh6): A promising approach for routine testing of chemicals?
Authors: Mišík Miroslav , Nersesyan Armen , Bolognesi Claudia , Kundi Michael , Ferk Franziska , Knasmueller Siegfried
Published: November 2018

One of the main problems of in vitro genotoxicity tests is the inadequate representation of drug metabolizing enzymes in most indicator cell lines which are currently used. We identified recently a human derived liver cell line (Huh6) which detected induction of DNA damage by representatives of different groups of promutagens without enzyme mix and showed that these cells are more suitable in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity as other currently used liver derived lines. We developed a protocol for micronucleus (MN) cytome assays with these cells and validated the procedure in experiments with representatives of different groups of directly and indirectly acting genotoxic carcinogens (MMS, cisplatin, PhIP, IQ, NDMA, B(a)P, AFB1, etoposide, and H2O2). The optimal cytochalasin B concentration in combination with 48 hr treatment was found to be 1.5 μg/mL and leads to a cytokinesis block proliferation index in the range between 1.7 and 2.0. The morphological characteristics of different nuclear anomalies which reflect DNA damage (MN, nuclear bridges, and buds) and their baseline frequencies in untreated cells were characterized, and the rates which are required to cause significant effects were calculated. All compounds caused dose dependent induction of MN when the cells were treated for 24 hr, longer and shorter exposure times were less effective. Experiments with different serum levels (fetal bovine serum [FBS]) showed that 10% FBS in the medium (instead of 4%) causes a substantial increase of the sensitivity of the cells. Our results indicate that the new protocol is a promising approach for routine testing of chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60: 134–144, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Yang Zhaozhong , Li Xiaogang , Wang Nailu , Jia Min
Published: November 2018

The pore structure of oil shale during microwave heating significantly determines the flow behavior, the transformation products and the ultimate recovery regardless of ex situ retorting or in situ development methods. In this experimental study, the effects of microwave heating parameters including heating time, reaction temperature and output power on the heating behavior, surface morphology and pore roughness of oil shale were investigated based on the nitrogen adsorption/desorption and scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments. Fractal dimension D1 and D2 (at relative pressures of 0‐0.5 and 0.5‐1, respectively) were calculated according to the fractal Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill model. The relationships between specific surface area, cumulative pore volume, average pore diameter, and fractal dimension have been studied. The results demonstrated that the pore structure of oil shale was greatly influenced by microwave heating parameters due to the decomposition of kerogen, the internal pressure caused by the steam and volatiles, the complicated reactions and the thermal stress induced by microwave. Moreover, fractal dimension also changed correspondingly with different heating parameters. The variations of fractal dimension D1 was consistent with the evolvement of specific surface area and the changes in fractal dimension D2 showed negative correlation with average pore volume. The relationships between D1 and surface roughness, D2 and pore structure were verified based on the comparison of SEM images. The fractal theory is reliable to describe the surface morphology and pore structure of oil shale and thus supports the application of microwave heating on the oil shale development.
Politics and health outcomes: A path analytic approach
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul
Published: November 2018

Social and health policies and political participation are associated with each political tradition related to public health outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence for the relationship between policy and outcomes. This study seeks to determine the relationship between politics, labour and welfare state indicators, economic inequality, and health outcome indicators. Data to test the model was obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) that belongs to the 81 provinces of Turkey. Path analysis was used to model the associations between policy, labour and welfare states, economic inequality, and health outcomes. To test the goodness of fit of the model, multiple criteria of model fit indices were utilised. The fit of the respecified path analytic model data is good (normed fit index [NFI] is 0.91, comparative fit index [CFI] is 0.92, goodness of fit index [GFI] is 0.91, and adjusted goodness of fit index [AGFI] is 0.93). Study results illustrate a strong relationship between voter partisanship, employment rate, satisfaction from both social security and health services, and life expectancy at birth and mortality. These results represent an important step towards understanding the elusive relationship between policy and health outcomes. Designing socially inclusive policies, considering labour market opportunities, and enhancing the population's well‐being are advisable strategies for policymakers who wish to optimise public health outcomes.
A study of nurse‐based Injury Units in Ireland: An emergency care development for consideration worldwide
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Devkota Rashmi
Published: November 2018

The aim of this 2018 research study was to determine why nurse‐based Injury Units were developed in Ireland and how they function in the Irish healthcare system, including what they contribute in relation to addressing the healthcare needs of Irish citizens. A document review was completed and interviews of nurse practitioners and physicians working in Irish Emergency Rooms (ERs) and Injury Units, as well as nurse managers with responsibility for Injury Units and health service executives who helped design Injury Units. A new model of emergency care was needed 20 years ago when two issues were apparent. The first was concern over unsafe care in small ERs as a result of low patient volumes and staff not having ER expertise. The second issue was long waits for ER care. Considerable opportunity for change was present, including financial imperatives and nurse, physician, and political leaders who were together ready to design and move a new‐to‐Ireland ER services model and nurse practitioner education forward. The Injury Unit model is based on nurse practitioners providing a defined set of services to nonurgent patients in daytime hours. This model was pilot tested and is being implemented across Ireland after it was determined that quality services were being rapidly and safely provided. Nurse practitioner education was also initiated and is now in expansion mode to gain 700 more nurse practitioners by the year 2021 over the current 240.
That was last time! The effect of a delay on children's episodic memories of learning new facts
Authors: Bemis Rhyannon H. , Leichtman Michelle D.
Published: November 2018

Accurately remembering how and when one's own learning occurs is an important metacognitive skill that matures during the early school years. In two studies, the impact of a delay on this ability was examined. In Study 1, 30 children in two age groups (4‐year‐olds and 5‐year‐olds) participated in two‐staged learning events and were interviewed immediately after each event about the facts they had learned in the events and about how they had acquired them. Children in both age groups learned the facts, but had significant difficulty reporting on their own learning. In Study 2, 79 children in the same age range participated in one staged learning event and were given similar interviews as in Study 1, either immediately after the event or after a 2‐ to 3‐day delay. Five‐year‐olds were more accurate in their memories of learning in the delay condition than in the immediate condition, but 4‐year‐olds showed no performance differences as a function of delay. Findings are interpreted in light of developmental literature on episodic memory, source monitoring, and memory binding.

Highlights

How does a delay interval between impact children's ability to accurately recall episodic memories of their own learning?

Children completed staged learning events. Four‐ and five‐year‐olds struggled to recall instances of learning immediately, but five‐year‐olds improved after a delay.

Five‐year‐olds, but not four‐year‐olds, appear to benefit from a moderate delay when recalling learning episodes. This could be due to developments in other metacognitive skills.
Healthcare provider interaction and other predictors of long‐acting reversible contraception adoption among women in Nigeria
Authors: Kalra Naira , Ayankola John , Babalola Stella
Published: November 2018

Objective

To test the association between healthcare provider communication and adoption of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) among women in Nigeria.

Methods

The present cross‐sectional observational secondary analysis included women aged 18–49 who were interviewed between June 1 and July 31, 2014, at selected family planning sites in Ibadan and Kaduna, Nigeria. A multivariate generalized estimating equation was utilized to assess the predictors of LARC adoption.

Results

597 women were interviewed, and the study showed that each unit increase on the GATHER index—a self‐reported measure of interaction with the provider—was significantly associated with a 16% increased likelihood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.32) of adopting LARCs. Joint decision making with a partner (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.0–2.20), desire to have children in the next 2 years (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.74), whether or not a pregnancy in the next 6 months would be a problem (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16–2.46), and LARC use in the past (AOR 4.15, 95% CI 1.19–14.50) were associated with LARC uptake.

Conclusion

Improved patient–provider communication involving patient preferences, information about all methods of contraception, and planned follow‐up could play a central role in increasing the demand for, and uptake of, LARCs.
Plasma exchange for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients on extracorporeal circuits: A challenging case and a survey of the field
Authors: Cho Joseph H. , Parilla Megan , Treml Angela , Wool Geoffrey D.
Published: November 2018

Current management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) involves prompt discontinuation of all heparin products and concomitant initiation of a direct thrombin or anti‐Xa inhibitor for anticoagulation. In the setting of HIT complicated by an urgent need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the safety and the efficacy of short‐term heparin‐based anticoagulation after therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) have been previously demonstrated. Patients with HIT requiring TPE are frequently on extracorporeal circuits (either CPB, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO] or external ventricular assist devices [VADs]). Performing TPE in parallel with these circuits involves additional consideration for circuit size, anticoagulant/citrate management, as well as flow rates, and risk of air embolus. We report a case of a patient with HIT on external biventricular assist device (BiVAD) requiring urgent CPB who experienced thrombotic and hemolytic complications related to anticoagulation management around apheresis line placement for TPE. We also present results from a national survey of academic apheresis services regarding specific practices in managing patients with HIT on extracorporeal circuits who require TPE. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of TPE in patients with HIT on extracorporeal circuits and the risks of this procedure and the need to develop practice guidelines.
Embedding hypertrees into steiner triple systems
Authors: Elliott Bradley , Rödl Vojtěch
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we are interested in the following question: given an arbitrary Steiner triple systemonvertices and any 3‐uniform hypertreeonvertices, is it necessary thatcontainsas a subgraph provided? We show the answer is positive for a class of hypertrees and conjecture that the answer is always positive.
THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF A COMMUNITY‐BASED INTERVENTION WITH MEXICAN‐HERITAGE PARENTS IN BOOSTING THE EFFECTS OF A SUBSTANCE USE PREVENTION INTERVENTION WITH YOUTH
Authors: Marsiglia Flavio F. , Ayers Stephanie L. , Robbins Danielle , Nagoshi Julie , Baldwin‐White Adrienne , Castro Felipe González
Published: November 2018

Drawing from an ecodevelopmental framework, this article examines if adding a parenting component, Families Preparing the New Generation (Familias Preparando la Nueva Generación), to an efficacious classroom‐based drug abuse prevention intervention, keepin'it REAL, will boost the effects of the youth intervention in preventing substance use for middle school Mexican‐heritage students. Youth attending schools in a large urban area in the Southwestern U.S. (N = 462) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: parent and youth, youth only, or control. Using ordinary least squares regression, changes in youth substance use outcomes were examined. Results indicate that youth whose parents also participated in prevention programming exhibited significantly lower use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and inhalants compared to youth who received only keepin'it REAL. These initial effects indicate that involving parents in prevention efforts can strengthen the overall efficacy of a youth prevention intervention. This article discusses specific implications for the design of prevention interventions, policy, and future research.
Women's Empowerment in Ecuador: Differentiating the Impact of Two Interventions
Authors: Ponce Juan , Ramos‐Martin Jesus , Intriago Ruthy
Published: November 2018

This paper analyses the impact of two interventions on women's empowerment in Ecuador using an experimental design. Women's empowerment is operationalized by using two metrics: first, the participation of women in the decision process at household level and, second, the disagreements between men and women in the decision process. We find negative effects of both interventions on women's participation on the decision‐making process at household level. However, we do find positive effects on disagreements regarding women's work and use of contraceptives, as well as positive effects of vouchers on disagreements on large food purchases and large assets purchases. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The integument of the nonamphibious goby Gobionellus oceanicus: Its functional morphology and respiratory capacity
Authors: Aguilar Letícia , Leite Rebeca Nuno , Ferreira Cleomárcia Almeida , da Cruz André Luis
Published: November 2018

Facultative air‐breathing fish can exchange respiratory gases using an air‐breathing organ (ABO), such as the oral cavity of the integument, during environmental hypoxia. The goby Gobionellus oceanicus inhabits areas subject to environmental hypoxia; however, its ABO is unknown. To investigate the respiratory potential of G. oceanicus, the gill and integument surface area, diffusion capacity, and their diffusion barrier thickness were measured. Our results show that although gill surface area is smaller than observed in other facultative air‐breathing fish, but it has all features necessary to perform aquatic gas exchange. Additionally the integument of the palate has a short diffusion barrier thickness and a large calculated O2‐diffusion capacity suggesting that it functions as the ABO.
Quantitative radiomic biomarkers for discrimination between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Zhang Liwen , Huang Dehui , Lyu Jinhao , Fang Mengjie , Hu Jianxing , Zang Yali , Zhang Dekang , Shao Hang , Ma Lin , Tian Jie , Dong Di , Lou Xin
Published: November 2018

Background

Precise diagnosis and early appropriate treatment are of importance to reduce neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) morbidity. Distinguishing NMOSD from MS based on clinical manifestations and neuroimaging remains challenging.

Purpose

To investigate radiomic signatures as potential imaging biomarkers for distinguishing NMOSD from MS, and to develop and validate a diagnostic radiomic‐signature‐based nomogram for individualized disease discrimination.

Study Type

Retrospective, cross‐sectional study.

Subjects

Seventy‐seven NMOSD patients and 73 MS patients.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T/T2‐weighted imaging.

Assessment

Eighty‐eight patients and 62 patients were respectively enrolled in the primary and validation cohorts. Quantitative radiomic features were automatically extracted from lesioned regions on T2‐weighted imaging. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of features. Finally, we constructed a radiomic nomogram for disease discrimination.

Statistical Tests

Features were compared using the Mann–WhitneyU‐test with a nonnormal distribution. We depicted the nomogram on the basis of the results of the logistic regression using the rms package in R. The Hmisc package was used to investigate the performance of the nomogram via Harrell's C‐index.

Results

A total of 273 quantitative radiomic features were extracted from lesions. A multivariable analysis selected 11 radiomic features and five clinical features to be included in the model. The radiomic signature (P< 0.001 for both the primary and validation cohorts) showed good potential for building a classification model for disease discrimination. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9880 for the training cohort and 0.9363 for the validation cohort. The nomogram exhibited good discrimination, a concordance index of 0.9363, and good calibration in the primary cohort. The nomogram showed similar discrimination, concordance (0.9940), and calibration in the validation cohort.

Data Conclusion

The diagnostic radiomic‐signature‐based nomogram has potential utility for individualized disease discrimination of NMOSD from MS in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1113–1121.
Ultrasonication‐assisted spray ionization‐based micro‐reactors for online monitoring of fast chemical reactions by mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Te‐Yu , Wu Min‐Li , Chen Yu‐Chie
Published: November 2018

Microfluidics can be used to handle relatively small volumes of samples and to conduct reactions in microliter‐sized volumes. Electrospray ionization can couple microfluidics with mass spectrometry (MS) to monitor chemical reactions online. However, fabricating microfluidic chips is time‐consuming. We herein propose the use of a micro‐reactor that is sustained by two capillaries and an ultrasonicator. The inlets of the capillaries were individually immersed to two different sample vials that were subjected to the ultrasonicator. The tapered outlets of the two capillaries were placed cross with an angle of ~60° close to the inlet of the mass spectrometer to fuse the eluents. On the basis of capillary action and ultrasonication, the samples from the two capillaries can be continuously directed to the capillary outlets and fuse simultaneously to generate gas phase ions for MS analysis through ultrasonication‐assisted spray ionization (UASI). Any electric contact applied on the capillaries is not required. Nevertheless, UASI spray derived from the eluents can readily occur in front of the mass spectrometer. That is, a micro‐reactor was created from the fusing of the eluent containing different reactants from these two UASI capillaries, allowing reactions to be conducted in situ. The solvent in the fused droplets was evaporated quickly, and the product ions could be immediately observed by MS because of the extreme rise in the concentration of the reactants. For proof of concept, pyrazole synthesis reaction and cortisone derivatization by Girard T reagent were selected as the model reactions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using UASI‐based micro‐reactor for online MS analysis to detect reaction intermediates and products.
Primary tumor location in stage III colon cancer has prognostic impact on subsequent liver metastasis
Authors: Liao Chun‐Kai , Chiang Jy‐Ming , Tsai Wen‐Sy , You Jeng‐Fu , Hsieh Pao‐Shiu , Hung Hsin‐Yuan , Chen Hong‐Hwa , Tang Rei‐Ping , Chen Jinn‐Shiun , Yeh Chien‐Yuh
Published: November 2018

Background and Objectives

We aim to investigate whether a difference exists between right‐sided and left‐sided colon cancer at the same disease stage and subsequent liver metastasis and identify whether tumor location can independently influence survival.

Methods

Right‐sided colon cancer was defined as malignancy arising from the cecum to the transverse colon; left‐sided colon cancer was defined as malignancy arising from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon. Clinicopathological features and survival data were collected for analysis.

Results

Overall, 1442 patients were included for analysis. The median follow‐up time was 58.2 months. Patients with left‐sided colon cancer had better 5‐year overall survival (75.2% vs 61.7%, P = 0.005), 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (81.6% vs 73.4%,
P = 0.001), and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (70.9% vs 66.5%,
P = 0.033) compared with patients having right‐sided colon cancer. After the presentation of subsequent liver metastasis, patients with primary left‐sided colon cancer had better 3‐year cancer‐specific survival (
P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, cancer location was an independent prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (right vs left, HR: 1.276, 95% CI: 1.002‐1.625).

Conclusions

The primary tumor location can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment outcomes either in primary stage III colon cancer or subsequent liver metastasis.
Measurement reliability of phonation threshold pressure in pediatric subjects
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Scholp Austin J. , Hedberg Calvin D. , Lamb Jim R. , Braden Maia N. , McMurray J. Scott , Jiang Jack J.
Published: November 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Phonation threshold pressure (PTP), the minimum subglottal pressure (Ps) required for phonation, is sensitive to changes in laryngeal biomechanics and is often elevated with pathology. Little is reported on PTP in children; challenges with task performance and measurement reliability represent barriers to routine clinical assessment.

Study Design

Pilot study evaluating PTP and Ps measurement reliability in children using labial and mechanical interruption.

Methods

Twenty‐two subjects aged 4 to 17 years (10.7 ± 3.9 years) participated. Ten trials were performed for each method; task order was randomized. For labial interruption, subjects produced /pα/ five times at softest (onset PTP) and comfortable amplitude. For mechanical interruption, subjects produced a sustained /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted phonation five times for 250 ms each; mechanical interruption was performed with a mouthpiece and mask. PTP was recorded as the difference between Ps and supraglottal pressure at phonation cessation (offset PTP). Mean PTP and Ps and intrasubject coefficients of variation were compared. Correlations with age were evaluated.

Results

Mean PTP (P < .001) and Ps (P = .005) were higher for labial interruption. Intrasubject coefficients of variation for PTP (P = .554) and Ps (P = .305) were similar across methods. Coefficient of variation was related to age for mechanical‐mask trials only (r = −0.628, P = .00175).

Conclusions

Differences in means are likely related to differences in task and PTP hysteresis effect. Reliability is comparable with all methods; using a mouthpiece may be preferable to a mask for mechanical interruption. Measurement of PTP is noninvasive, reliable, and may be a useful adjunct in pediatric voice assessment.

Level of Evidence

3b

Laryngoscope, 129:1520–1526, 2019
Impact of pretreatment growth on Tumor control for vestibular schwannomas following gamma knife
Authors: Chang Joseph , Breshears Jonathan D. , Molinaro Annette M. , Sneed Penny K. , McDermott Michael W. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Tward Aaron D.
Published: November 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine if volumetric growth prior to gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery predicts long‐term tumor control.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) treated with GK between 2002 and 2014 at a single tertiary care center were identified. Patients were included if they had over 6 months of pretreatment observation and over 1.5 years of posttreatment follow‐up. Volumetric tumor analysis was performed on T1 postcontrast imaging. Pretreatment and posttreatment volume change was calculated. Tumors with over 20% volume increase were classified as growing.

Results

There were 62 patients included in this study; 48 had pretreatment growth and 14 had no pretreatment growth. Median tumor volume was 0.58 ± 1.8 cm3 and median follow‐up was 3.3 ± 2.0 years. For tumors with and without pretreatment growth, salvage treatment rates were 2% and 7% (P = .35), and posttreatment radiologic stability rates were 73% and 86%, respectively (P = .33). Median pretreatment growth was 27 ± 33% per year for tumors with posttreatment radiographic growth and 18 ± 26% per year for tumors without posttreatment radiographic growth (P = .99).

Conclusions

Pretreatment growth was not associated with increased salvage treatment or posttreatment radiographic progression rates in VS following GK.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:743–747, 2019
Subglottic stenosis: An evaluation of an elderly treatment‐seeking population
Authors: Collins Alissa M. , Chorath Kevin , Simpson C. Blake
Published: November 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the demographics, etiology, intraoperative findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with subglottic stenosis (SGS), comparing those patients aged <65 years to an elderly population aged ≥65 years.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Nine‐year retrospective review of patients with SGS. Forty‐eight adults presented for evaluation and treatment of SGS between January 2008 and December 2016. At the time of presentation, 41 were aged <65 years and seven were aged ≥65 years.

Results

Comparing the aged <65 years group to the aged ≥65 years group, the etiology was idiopathic SGS in 50.0% versus 42.8%, intubation‐related SGS in 22.5% versus 28.6%, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis in 27.5% versus 28.6%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted in the two groups when comparing the demographics, etiology, treatment, intraoperative findings, or intertreatment interval (ITI).

Conclusions

We sought to analyze an older patient population with SGS and found no statistically significant differences compared to a younger population. ITI trended toward older patients requiring surgery more frequently but was not significant.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 129:1155–1158, 2019
Interesting case of late Gore‐Tex extrusion following medialization laryngoplasty
Authors: Kirke Diana N. , Blitzer Andrew
Published: November 2018

A 65‐year‐old female presented with a foreign body sensation following an asthmatic attack associated with severe coughing. Six years earlier, the patient underwent medialization laryngoplasty (ML), which was complicated by a small tear (2 mm) in the right ventricle. One year following this, the patient developed Gore‐Tex extrusion but elected only for partial removal. Healing was complete until 5 years later; on examination, the patient had evidence of Gore‐Tex extrusion through the right ventricle. Implant extrusion is a recognized complication of ML. This case demonstrates several important surgical steps that can benefit otolaryngologists at all stages of their surgical career. Laryngoscope, 129:1420–1422, 2019