bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosystematics of insects living in female birch catkins. V. Chalcidoid ectoparasitoids of the genera Torymus Dalman, Aprostocetus Westwood, Psilonotus Walker and Eupelmus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Roskam J.C.
Published: June 2013

Fully grown larvae have been described of chalcidoids belonging to four genera, viz., Torymus Dalman (Torymidae), Aprostocetus Westwood (Eulophidae), Psilonotus Walker (Pteromalidae) and Eupelmus Dalman (Eupelmidae), all parasitoids of gall midges of the genus Semudobia Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), associated with fruit catkins of birch, Betula. Identification keys are provided for mature larvae as well as adults.

Phenology and host-parasitoid associations have been analysed from samples collected in The Netherlands at about sea level and from western Germany at an altitude of 760 m. Finally, possible patterns of co-speciation have been discussed for gall midge hosts and parasitoids.
Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908): An invasive Australian species, recorded in Sri Lanka for the first time with notes on its biology, life history and distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: van der Poorten George , van der Poorten Nancy
Published: June 2013

Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908), an invasive Australian species, was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka in July 2009 but it is likely to have been in the island much longer. Since then, it has been recorded in several locations in the Northwestern province, near Colombo in the Western province, and in Kandy in the Central province. Recorded larval food plants are coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, a widely cultivated plantation crop, and a species of Livistona, a cultivated garden palm (Arecaceae). The immature stages and behavior in Sri Lanka are documented for the first time.
Revision of the European ants of the Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Boer Peter
Published: June 2013

The taxonomy of the myrmicine ants of the Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa-group is revised. Fourteen species are recognized, including two new species, both from Greece: A. balcanicoides sp. n. and A. karpathica sp. n. Aphaenogaster melitensis Emery, 1924 and A. sporadis Santschi, 1933 are elevated to species level. The following new synonyms are established: Aphaenogaster
ionia Santschi, 1933 (= A. balcanica Emery, 1898), A. senilis grata Santschi, 1933 (= A. senilis Mayr, 1853), A. senilis occidua Santschi, 1933 (= A. senilis), A. spinosa etrusca Baroni Urbani, 1969 (= A. spinosa Emery, 1878) and A. corsica Casevitz-Weulersse, 2010 (= A. spinosa). Furthermore, a redescription is given for all European species of the Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa-group. The genus Aphaenogaster now includes 178 species, of which 36 are known from Europe. Identification keys are provided.
Lydella slavonica, a new species from the western Palaearctic with notes on the subgenus Lydelloxenis (Diptera, Tachinidae)
Authors: Zeegers Theo
Published: June 2013

Lydella (Lydelloxenis) slavonica sp. n. is described from Montenegro and Poland. The definition of the subgenus Lydelloxenis Mesnil, 1956 is discussed. A key to western Palaearctic subgenera of Lydella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and species of Lydelloxenis is provided. A phylogenetic analysis for the genus Lydella is provided. The species from the tropics and subtropics are found to form a monophyletic group, called the Metoposisyrops-clade. The species of this clade combined with those of Lydelloxenis are found to form a monophyletic group as well. The results are weakly supported. For practical reasons and nomenclatural stability, Lydelloxenis and Metoposisyrops Townsend, 1916 are proposed as subgenera.
Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Euandra subsect. Oidemation (Lythraceae)
Authors: GRAHAM SHIRLEY A. , CAVALCANTI TACIANA B.
Published: June 2013

Cuphea sect. Euandra subsect. Oidemation comprises a non-monophyletic group of species defined by possession of a fire-resistant xylopodium. The xylopodium is a frequent feature of plants occurring in the seasonally and ecologically dry cerrados and savannas of South America. Subsect. Oidemation has diversified particularly in these habitats in eastern Brazil and adjacent Paraguay. Twenty species and five varieties are recognised: eleven species are endemic to Brazil; one each is endemic to Paraguay and Florida, USA; and seven are distributed in Brazil and adjacent areas of Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and/or Argentina. Their morphology, including pollen and seed morphology, and chromosome numbers are reviewed. The presence of at least three major pollen types and two base chromosome numbers suggests the subsection is para- or polyphyletic; phylogenetic information based on molecular data for species of the subsection is limited. Diverse diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid chromosome numbers point to polyploidy as an important mechanism of speciation in this group. A key to the species is accompanied by descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps.The subsection is lectotypified by C. retrorsicapilla and lectotypes are designated for C. acicularis, C. aspera, C. confertiflora, C. crulsiana, C. emarginata, C. enneanthera, C. excoriata, C. ferruginea, C. ferruginea var. acuminata, C. hyssopoides, C. remotifolia, C. retrorsicapilla, C. sperguloides, C. spermacoce var. angustata, and C. spermacoce var. elongata. A new combination is made for C. retrorsicapilla var. enneanthera.
Oligogaster gen. nov., a new chrysidid genus from Egypt (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Elampini)
Authors: SOLIMAN AHMED M. , KIMSEY LYNN S.
Published: June 2013

Oligogaster Soliman & Kimsey, gen. nov. (type species Oligogaster kimseyae Soliman, sp. nov.) from the tribe Elampini is described from Egypt.
New records of gonodactylids (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Gonodactylidae) from the Pacific Coast of Mexico with remarks on the morphology of Neogonodactylus lalibertadensis (Schmitt, 1940)
Authors: SALGADO-BARRAGÁN JOSÉ , HENDRICKX MICHEL E. , GALVÁN-VILLA CRISTIAN M.
Published: June 2013

Eight species of the genus Neogonodactylus have been reported from the eastern Pacific. Up to now, only three of these species have been collected in Mexican waters: Neogonodactylus stanschi (Schmitt, 1940), N. lalibertadensis (Schmitt, 1940), and N. zacae (Manning, 1972). Recent sampling of stomatopods in several localities of the Pacific coast of Mexico, from Mazatlán, in the southwestern Gulf of California, to Oaxaca, allowed us to collect fresh material of these three spe-cies and five specimens that agree with the general description of N. lalibertadensis, but with differences in the telson or-namentation and the length of the ophthalmic somite. A close examination of this material and examination of photographs of the holotype led us to establish that it shows slight variation from the typical form. A revised key to the species of Neogonodactylus occurring in the eastern Pacific is provided.
A new genus and two new species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China
Authors: SHI FU-MING , BIAN XUN , CHANG YAN-LIN
Published: June 2013

The study deals with one new genus and two new species, i. e. Allicyrtaspis gen. nov., Allicyrtaspis globosis sp. nov. and Allicyrtaspis conicicersus sp. nov. from China, and provides generic and species descriptions and diagnoses.
First records of three Tripartiella species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida) from freshwater fishes along Yangtze River in China
Authors: TANG FAHUI , ZHAO YUANJUN , LIU CHUNNING
Published: June 2013

During parasitological surveys along Yangtze River in China, three species of trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora, Oli-gohymenophora, Peritrichia) belonging to the genus Tripartiella Lom, 1959, were found from freshwater fishes. Tripar-tiella obtusa Ergens & Lom, 1970 and Tripartiella macrosoma Basson & Van As, 1987 were found from the same fish host, Rhinogobio typus; and Tripartiella orthodens Basson & Van As, 1987 was collected from another fish host, Pel-teobagrus nitidus. These three Tripartiella species all fall within the range of morphometry and agree closely in the overall appearance of the adhesive disc with the original populations. In the present work, both Tripartiella obtusa and Tripar-tiella orthodens are recorded for the first time in Asia. The host fish, Rhinogobio typus was recorded as a new host for Tripartiella obtusa and Tripartiella macrosoma. For each Tripartiella species, detailed descriptions are provided based the examinations of specimens prepared using the dry silver nitrate impregnation in the present study.
A new Platycheirus Le Peletier et Serville, 1828 (Diptera, Syrphidae) species of the manicatus subgroup, from the Taimyr Peninsula (Northern Siberia)
Authors: BARKALOV ANATOLIJ V.
Published: June 2013

A new species of the genus Platycheirus Le Peletier et Serville, 1828 (Diptera, Syrphidae) is described from the Taimyr Peninsula (North of Krasnoyarsk Region). The new species belongs to the manicatus subgroup, being close to P. groen-landicus Curran, 1927, but differing by the narrower angle of approximation of the eyes (approximately equal 90°) and the presence of short black setae on the ventral side of the mid metatarsus. In P. groenlandicus the angle of approximation of the eyes is 120
A new species of Alapona DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil
Authors: GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA , MEJDALANI GABRIEL
Published: June 2013

Gyponini is the largest tribe of Iassinae, comprising 1,080 species in 53 genera (Freytag & Sharkey 2002, Engel & Takiya 2012). The tribe is restricted to the New World, with 75% of genera endemic to the Neotropical and 8% endemic to the Nearctic Region (Nielson & Knight 2000). Alapona DeLong (1980) is a poorly known Neotropical genus, previously known from a single species from Peru, A. elabora DeLong, 1980, described based on a single specimen. In this paper, a new species, Alapona modesta sp. nov., is described based on a single male specimen collected in Northern Brazil, which is deposited in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil. Considering that approximately 32% of the genera of the tribe are monotypic, we consider this a valid contribution.
Diurnal Circulations and Rainfall in Taiwan during SoWMEX/TiMREX (2008)
Authors: Ruppert James H. , Johnson Richard H. , Rowe Angela K.
Published: June 2013

The diurnal cycle of the local circulation, rainfall, and heat and moisture budgets is investigated in Taiwan's heavy rain (mei-yu) season using data from the 2008 Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX). Comparisons are made between an undisturbed (UNDIST; 22–29 May) and disturbed period (DIST; 31 May–4 June). Many aspects of the diurnal evolution in surface flows and rainfall were similar during both periods. At night and during early morning hours, the low-level southwesterly flow was deflected around Taiwan's main topographic barrier, the Central Mountain Range (CMR), with rainfall focused near areas of enhanced offshore confluence created by downslope and land-breeze flows. During the day, the flow switched to onshore and upslope, rainfall shifted inland, and deep convection developed along the coastal plains and windward slopes. Atmospheric budget analysis indicates a day-to-evening transition of convective structure from shallow to deep to stratiform. Evaporation associated with the evening/nighttime stratiform precipitation likely assisted the nocturnal katabatic flow.

Though the flow impinging on Taiwan was blocked during both periods, a very moist troposphere and strengthened low-level oncoming flow during DIST resulted in more widespread and intense rainfall that was shifted to higher elevations, which resembled a more weakly blocked regime. Correspondingly, storm cores were tilted upslope during DIST, in contrast to the more erect storms characteristic of UNDIST. There were much more lofted precipitation-sized ice hydrometeors within storms during DIST, the upslope advection of which led to extensive stratiform rain regions overlying the CMR peaks, and the observed upslope shift in rainfall.
Conditional Decoupling
Authors: Cole Wade M. , Ramirez Francisco O.
Published: June 2013

National human rights institutions, defined as domestic but globally legitimated agencies charged with promoting and protecting human rights, have emerged worldwide. This article examines the effect of these organizations on two kinds of human rights outcomes: physical integrity rights and civil and political rights. We analyze cross-national longitudinal data using regression models that account for the endogeneity of organizational formation. Our first main finding is that all types of human rights institutions improve long-term physical integrity outcomes but not civil and political rights practices. This finding may reflect a greater worldwide focus on physical integrity violations such as torture, and also many countries’ propensity to resist Western civil and political rights standards. A second main finding is that time matters: in the cases we observe, initial increases in rated abuse levels were followed by improvements. These initial increases may be due to closer scrutiny or the expanded scope of what constitutes human rights abuses. Our results call for rethinking the concept of decoupling in the sociology of human rights and other focal areas.
Intergovernmentalism and Its Limits
Authors: Fabbrini Sergio
Published: June 2013

The Lisbon Treaty has institutionalized a dual constitution, supranational in the single market’s policies and intergovernmental in (among others) economic and financial policies. The extremely complex system of economic governance set up for answering the euro crisis has been defined and implemented on the basis of the intergovernmental constitution of the EU. The euro crisis has thus represented a test for the validity of the intergovernmental constitution of the Lisbon Treaty. Although the measures adopted in the period 2010-2012, consisting of legislative decisions and new intergovernmental treaties, are of an unprecedented magnitude, they were nevertheless unable to promote effective and legitimate solutions for dealing with the financial crisis. In the context of an existential challenge, the intergovernmental approach faced a structural difficulty in solving basic dilemmas of collective action.
Participation in Team Sports and Alcohol and Marijuana Use Initiation Trajectories
Authors: Lisha Nadra Erin , Crano William D. , Delucchi Kevin L.
Published: June 2013

A parallel-process latent growth curve model was used to model alcohol and marijuana use (vs. nonuse). Participation in team sports and gender were considered to be time-invariant covariates. The sample consisted of 8,179 youth from the National Survey of Parents and Youth. Data were collected over four yearly rounds. Analysis revealed that being part of a competitive sports team was related to a lower probability of marijuana initiation, but to increased rates of alcohol use over time. Males had significantly higher levels of marijuana initiation and decreases in rates of alcohol use over time; females had significantly greater rate of increase in alcohol use over time. Analysis suggests that youth involved in sports are less likely to use marijuana over time. This information may help to uncover other predictors of use over time and to inform policy making as well design as effective prevention.
The Association of Distributive and Procedural Justice With Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Hogan Nancy L.
Published: June 2013

The nucleus of any correctional organization is its correctional staff. There are expected in-role behaviors and duties of the staff, but extra-role behaviors (referred to as organizational citizenship behavior) also are important for correctional organizations. However, there has been little research on correctional staff organizational citizenship behavior. Based on social exchange theory, organizational justice should be important in shaping the organizational citizenship behavior of correctional staff. Distributive and procedural justice are two salient dimensions of organizational justice. Survey data from staff at a private prison indicated that procedural justice had a significant positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, but distributive justice had a nonsignificant association.
HIV among the elderly with special reference to mode of presentation at a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors: Talukdar Arunansu , Khanra Dibbendhu , Ray Sayantan , Talukdar Payel , Rana Sukriti , Banerjee Bhaswati , Saha Bibhuti
Published: June 2013

Epidemiological data of HIV affected individuals of aged 50 years and above in India are lacking for various reasons. Diagnosing HIV infection among the elderly is challenging as chronic HIV/AIDS can mimic those typically associated with aging in parallel to the myth that elderly individuals lead asexual lives. In this study, low-literate, poor, urban men were the major group. The most common presentation at diagnosis was frailty or unexpected weight loss and neurocognitive impairment, whereas the incidence of TB was much less. Policy makers and social workers should be aware of this descriptive analysis in order to address the emerging issue of HIV among geriatrics and to create a broader awareness programme and more liberal HIV testing among this group. This study also highlights the need for a larger population based study involving elderly HIV infected persons in India.
Expanding the Literature on Job Satisfaction in Corrections
Authors: Stinchcomb Jeanne B. , Leip Leslie A.
Published: June 2013

While few variables have been studied with greater frequency than job satisfaction, outcomes have largely reflected ambiguous and inconsistent findings. To advance empirical knowledge as it relates to job satisfaction in corrections, this research design addresses a number of shortcomings prevalent in extant correctional literature. In that regard, it uniquely focuses on the rarely explored work environment of jails in the United States, incorporates a nationwide target population, includes both personal and organizational variables in the analysis, and employs a multifaceted inferential methodology based on the strength of causal analysis. Results indicate that it is not the personal variables such as age, race, gender, or ethnicity that primarily account for the job satisfaction of jail line staff, but rather, organizational variables. These include a supportive work climate, empowerment/autonomy, and compensation/benefits, with the greatest contributor being the employee’s overall work environment. Implications of the findings for sheriffs and jail administrators committed to the long-term process of elevating employee job satisfaction are discussed.
Are different Risk Factors Associated with Moderate and Severe Stalking Violence?
Authors: Thompson Carleen M. , Dennison Susan M. , Stewart Anna L.
Published: June 2013

This study investigated risk factors from the integrated theoretical model of stalking violence (ITMSV) with 703 participants classified as relational stalkers from South-East Queensland (Australia). Participants completed a self-report perpetration questionnaire assessing (a) relational stalking, (b) stalking violence (no/moderate/severe), and (c) predisposing (sociocultural, psychological, historical) and contextual (intentions, triggering events, disinhibitors) risk factors. Findings supported key propositions from the ITMSV. Severely violent stalkers were characterized by a greater number, and more severe types, of predisposing factors than moderately violent or nonviolent stalkers. The importance of contextual factors was supported in relation to moderate and severe stalking violence. Combining predisposing and contextual factors resulted in strong predictions of moderate and severe stalking violence. These findings highlight the pertinence of differentiating moderate and severe stalking violence and combining predisposing and contextual factors in assessments of risk.
The Fund Balance Conundrum
Authors: Stewart LaShonda M. , Hildreth R. W. , Antwi-Boasiako Kwame Badu
Published: June 2013

Researchers have recently taken an interest in the accumulation and use of fund balances by local governments. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the ideal percentage of savings governments should maintain to deal with unforeseen circumstances, and indeed little is known about the level of savings set aside by local governments. This situation raises questions about ethical and financial management practices of officials. This article discusses budgetary transparency through the lenses of utilitarian and Kantian ethical perspectives and examines three case studies that highlight the financial and political risks associated with the lack of transparency and the misuse of funds.
“Goodbye to the Gangstas”
Authors: Lorenz Stacy L. , Murray Rod
Published: June 2013

This article assesses cultural representations of Blackness in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Hockey League (NHL) in relation to contemporary forms of racism in North American society. In particular, this case study examines media narratives surrounding the adoption of the NBA dress code and the behavior of NHL goaltender Ray Emery during the 2005 to 2006 basketball and hockey seasons. Despite significant differences in the racial composition of the two leagues, the NBA and the NHL made similar efforts to discipline, police, and contain the young Black males under their control. Racialized constructions of Black athletes as menacing, criminal, and dangerously different were prominent in media coverage of both sports. An exploration of these sporting controversies offers a transnational and comparative framework for understanding racial discourses in the United States and Canada today.
Gifted students’ readiness for college
Authors: Gomez-Arizaga Maria P , Conejeros-Solar Leonor
Published: June 2013

Gifted students’ performance on a Chilean university admission test, Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU), was investigated in this study. Sixty-six students participating in an enrichment-based university program for gifted youth were selected. The sample included both male and female gifted adolescents who studied in public and voucher (charter) high schools. The purpose was to investigate which combination of factors was the best predictor of students’ scores and the differences between male and female students’ performance. Only intelligence, as measured by the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test, correlated with the scores on the PSU. Males from voucher schools outperformed females on the PSU. Providing academic support and adequate preparation has been discussed as an important element for college readiness, successful transition to college, and to diminish the existing performance gap between students from different types of schools in Chile.
Panel-reactive antibody levels and renal transplantation rates in sensitized patients after desensitization and human leucocyte antigen amino acid residue matching
Authors: Shang Wenjun , Dong Laidong , Feng Guiwen , Wang Yue , Pang Xinlu , Li Jinfeng , Liu Lei , Zhang Weihong
Published: June 2013

Objective

To determine whether a new desensitization protocol (mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], plasmapheresis and antithymocyte globulin [ATG], complemented with human leucocyte antigen [HLA] amino acid residue matching) could reduce panel-reactive antibody (PRA) levels in sensitized patients, to facilitate successful renal transplantation.

Methods

Patients awaiting transplantation with PRA levels >10% received treatment with MMF; those with PRA levels >30% were also treated with plasmapheresis. Patients whose PRA level was <20% after desensitization were eligible for transplantation. When a donor became available, traditional HLA matching and HLA amino acid residue matching were performed. All patients received ATG induction therapy postoperatively.

Results

Thirty-two sensitized patients were enrolled. Desensitization produced a significant decrease in PRA levels; 27 patients (84.4%) became eligible for transplantation and 26 (81.2%) subsequently underwent successful transplantation. Residue matching improved the proportion with a mismatch number of 0–1 from 7.7% to 65.4%, compared with traditional HLA matching. Postoperatively, all patients showed immediate graft function. Acute rejection occurred in three patients (11.5%) and infections in seven patients (25.9%); all were treated successfully.

Conclusion

The combination of a desensitization protocol (MMF, plasmapheresis and ATG) and residue matching appears to be an effective strategy for sensitized patients awaiting renal transplantation.
Learning to discern and account: The trajectory of a listening skill in an institutional setting
Authors: Wallerstedt Cecilia , Pramling Niklas , Säljö Roger
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate how children (aged 6 to 8 years) appropriate concepts relevant to making distinctions about music. In particular, the focus is on how they perceive and describe differences in time in pieces of music. The data were generated through interviews with children. The results show that there seems to be a developmental trajectory from a point where children are unable to discern differences in time in music, via a situation where they perceive such differences but account for them in an ad hoc manner, to a stage where they are able to discern and explain such differences in institutionally relevant concepts. In addition, the study documents how children – operating in the zone of proximal development – may be scaffolded in interaction with a more competent person to appropriate such institutionally relevant distinctions. It is argued that this developmental trajectory describes the development of a cultural skill where children increase their ability to structure music through bodily performance and in linguistic terms. Through this development they also become more skilled at communicating about significant features of music. Generally, in research analysing learning these processes of appropriation and scaffolding are presumed rather than made explicit.
Delinquent Behavior, Poor Relationship Quality With Parents, and Involvement With Deviant Peers in Delinquent and Nondelinquent Adolescents
Authors: Asscher Jessica J. , Wissink Inge B. , Deković Maja , Prinzie Peter , Stams Geert Jan J. M.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to determine whether two risk factors that are frequently selected as targets for prevention and intervention purposes—involvement with deviant peers and parent–adolescent relationship quality—are associated with delinquent behavior in the same way in a juvenile general population sample ( n = 88) as in a juvenile offender sample ( n = 85). Information on delinquency and the quality of parent–adolescent relationship was obtained from adolescents and parents. The results of path analyses showed that relations between poor parent–adolescent relationship quality, involvement with deviant peers, and delinquency depended on whose point of view is used (adolescent or parent) and which sample is used (general population or delinquent sample). These findings indicate that caution is warranted when theories based on research with community samples are used for development of intervention programs for juvenile delinquents.
Analysis of the effects of strain measurement errors on residual stresses measured by incremental hole-drilling method
Authors: Casavola Caterina , Pappalettera Giovanni , Pappalettere Carmine , Tursi Francesca
Published: June 2013

Among the many available methods for measuring residual stresses, the hole-drilling method is surely one of the most popular methods. It is a semidestructive method consisting in drilling a very small hole into the specimen. This produces residual stress relaxation around the hole that causes strains also to change. Strain on the surface can be measured by strain gages or by optical techniques like electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Holes can be drilled at different depths, so that a stress profile can be determined using the stress–strain relationships. However, due to the mathematics of the problem, small measurement errors on the strain can imply big errors in the calculated stress. Accuracy of the final results is strongly dependent on the measurement procedure and on the algorithms adopted to calculate stresses. In this study, the influence of strain measurement errors is evaluated with respect to different measurement procedures. Two kinds of algorithms, namely, integral and power series, are compared also with respect to the use of two different commercial systems both implementing the cited methods. Moreover, the effects of a proper choice of depth increments and also of the number of steps are investigated. Effects of implementation of regularization algorithm are discussed as well as the influence of the drilling depth. Finally, the ability of the analyzed methods in discriminating two different strain signal sources is investigated.
New composite timbers: full-field analysis of adhesive behavior
Authors: Clouet Boris , Pommier Régis , Danis Michel
Published: June 2013

Green gluing technology may have a large interest in wood industry. It allows energy saving, thus reducing costs. In order to fulfill requirements in relevant building codes and standards, these composite timbers have to present sufficient structural performance and shape stability. The drying step during the process of green gluing may lead to local strain and stress developments on the adhesive interface. These strain and stress developments could impact the shape stability of the product and induce joint failure. However, wood spatial microstructure may absorb these developments. It has to be noted that for an organic material such as wood, the measurement of hygromechanical properties must be done without any interactions between the material and the measurement system. In order to process in this way, an optical measurement system such as the digital image correlation has been used. Results have shown the local behavior of the interface during shrinkage of wood. The strains of the adhesive bond were calculated from the measurement by means of an inverse method.
Factors Affecting Juvenile Care Workers’ Intent to Continue Working in Juvenile Corrections
Authors: Armstrong Megan M. , Hartje Joyce A. , Evans William P.
Published: June 2013

Employee turnover in social service organizations such as juvenile corrections poses a major problem for both administrators and frontline juvenile care workers (JCWs). Prior to turnover, many employees contemplate such an action; this is referred to as turnover intent. Several factors can affect JCWs’ decisions about whether to work in a facility or leave. The current study examined some of these factors using an integrated theory of person–environment fit and social identity. Findings indicate that perceived attitudes congruence (AC) between the juvenile detention staff and the climate of the facility was a significant predictor of intent to continue working as a juvenile staff. Results also revealed that juvenile staff strongly identified with their professional role as a salient part of their self-concept and individuals’ perceptions of shared attitudes with coworkers contributed to their professional identity. Perceived AC then predicted intent to continue working as a JCW. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Item Response Analysis of Uppercase and Lowercase Letter Name Knowledge
Authors: Bowles Ryan P. , Pentimonti Jill M. , Gerde Hope K. , Montroy Janelle J.
Published: June 2013

Letter name knowledge in the preschool ages is a strong predictor of later reading ability, but little is known about the psychometric characteristics of uppercase and lowercase letters considered together. Data from 1,113 preschoolers from diverse backgrounds on both uppercase and lowercase letter name knowledge were analyzed using Item Response Theory. Results indicated that uppercase and lowercase form a single dimension. Uppercase letters tended to be easier and more discriminating but had a narrow range of difficulty. Visual confusability (e.g., b vs. d) was an important aspect of both discrimination and difficulty. Including lowercase letters in the assessment of letter name knowledge increases its range to enable effective measurement of children with higher ability. A practical implication is that assessments of letter name knowledge can have fewer items and measure an extended range of ability while maintaining high levels of reliability.
Teaching Planners to Deal
Authors: Wolf-Powers Laura
Published: June 2013

This paper describes a classroom exercise in which students apply negotiation and project finance skills in a simulated economic development negotiation. The goal of the exercise is that students’ experience of negotiating a deal will lead them to constructively explore concepts of “good process” and “just outcomes.” Public–private development dominates redevelopment practice, and its vocabulary—that of negotiation and contracting—has gained ascendance in the field. Trends in planning pedagogy reflect this phenomenon, but training for professional planners also needs to encompass their future roles as exercisers of situated ethical judgment.
From Revolutionary to Clientelistic Party
Authors: Obradović Marija
Published: June 2013

Recent reinterpretations of the history of socialist Yugoslavia, which broke up at the time of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe (1989–1991), have revived old and opened new controversies concerning the character and policy of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) at the time of the establishment of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia (FNRJ) following the Second World War. One of them credits the “absolutization” of Josip Broz Tito’s charisma for the establishment and functioning of KPJ rule. The main aim of this article is to challenge such claims by providing an analytical account of the formative years of socialist Yugoslavia based upon primary archival sources. These sources illustrate that rather than Tito’s omnipotence, the decisive factor in the functioning of KPJ power was the clientelistic structure of hierarchical party and state organization. This paper argues that the establishment of clientelistic group-rational behavioral patterns in the KPJ structure and state organization drove the institutionalization of loyalty between the patron, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the KPJ (KPJ CC Politburo), and the client, the communist nomenklatura, an organized social network of party cadres occupying all significant functions in the society. The social origin of the members of the nomenklatura, that is, the new worker-peasant class organized at the level of federal units, was the basis for the legitimacy and functioning of KPJ power from 1945 through 1952. The revolutionary authority of the KPJ, which had been won through the partisan anti-fascist people’s liberation struggle during the Second World War, legitimized itself in this period through clientelistic structural dynamics in the political system of a “people’s democracy.” In order to explore these arguments, this article applies a generic-structural historical analysis to the dynamics of the social and political KPJ structures in 1945–1952 Yugoslavia.
The Kidnapping of Wroclaw’s Dwarves
Authors: Cervinkova Hana
Published: June 2013

In this paper, I draw on the approach to the study of “actually existing liberalisms” with an example from contemporary urban east-central Europe. I focus on the city of Wroclaw, a success story of Poland’s economic urban transformation, and consider the symbolic politics embodied in the city’s promotional strategy as a tool of ongoing neoliberal restructuring. I argue that an important feature of the city’s symbolic politics is the commodification and fetishization of dwarves, the historical symbols of an antitotalitarian movement that used the image of a dwarf as a means for people’s deliberative and performative action that helped lay foundations for democracy. Today, the historical legacy of dwarves as a means of associational and performative action has been disguised in the city’s promotional strategy, which has turned dwarves into commodities that help sell the city on the global neoliberal market of intercity competition. I call this process of contemporary fetishization, the kidnapping of Wroclaw’s dwarves. Kidnapping refers to the process whereby the symbol’s meaning and historical legacy is turned into a commodity, disempowering it by depriving it of its meaning for social action. At the conclusion of my paper, I offer a critical ethnographic and pedagogical perspective focused on symbolic politics as a venue for understanding and inspiring critical action in the context of these urban neoliberal developments.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Japanese Version of the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale
Authors: Hongo Hiroko , Green Joseph , Otsuka Keiko , Jimba Masamine
Published: June 2013

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months after delivery is globally recommended as optimal infant feeding. However, if mothers evaluate their own breastfeeding by this standard, many might be disappointed because they fail to meet it. In contrast, the Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES) measures mothers’ satisfaction with breastfeeding regardless of the duration or exclusivity of breastfeeding. The MBFES has been used in Western countries, but not in Japan.

Objectives:

This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the MBFES (the JMBFES) and to conduct psychometric testing among Japanese-speaking mothers in Japan.

Methods:

The JMBFES was developed using forward translation, blind back-translation, panel discussion, and pilot testing. Breastfeeding Japanese mothers (n = 414) completed the JMBFES when their infants were 4 months old. For validation testing we used principal components analysis (promax rotation). We deleted items as necessary to improve reliability. We also used multiple linear regression to examine associations of JMBFES scores with breastfeeding intention and with breastfeeding outcomes.

Results:

The analysis revealed subscales that were generally similar to the original 30-item MBFES. Reliability was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ .77). Scores on the JMBFES and on most of its subscales were positively associated with both breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding outcomes. The subscale measuring potentially negative experiences was not statistically significantly associated with breastfeeding at 1 month, after adjustment for likely confounders.

Conclusion:

The results of reliability testing (Cronbach’s alpha) and of validation testing indicate that the JMBFES can be used in Japan to explore mothers’ satisfaction with breastfeeding.
Educational and Sex Differentials in Life Expectancies and Disability-Free Life Expectancies in São Paulo, Brazil, and Urban Areas in Mexico
Authors: Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Andrade Flávia Cristina Drumond
Published: June 2013

Objectives: To estimate transition probabilities between disability states, total life expectancy, and the latter’s decomposition into years spent disabled and disability-free by age, sex, and education among older adults in São Paulo, Brazil, and urban areas in Mexico. Methods: Applied a micro-simulation method (Interpolative Markov Chains) using longitudinal data. Results: We found large between-country educational differences in incidence of and recovery from disability with higher rates in Mexico than in São Paulo, but no differences in mortality. Older adults in Mexico spent longer time being disability-free than in São Paulo for both levels of education. Males and females in São Paulo spent a larger fraction of their remaining life disabled at every age than their counterparts in urban areas in Mexico. Discussion: There were educational differences in the prevalence of disability in São Paulo and urban areas in Mexico, and significant educational differences in disability incidence and recovery across sites.
A case-control pilot study on cognitive functioning, symptom validity and psychological wellbeing in HIV-1-infected patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Janssen M A M , Bertens D , Kessels L , Kessels R P C , Koopmans P P
Published: June 2013

Summary

The objective of this study was to examine and relate both cognitive functioning and psychological wellbeing in Dutch HIV-1-infected patients ( n = 30) in comparison with a matched healthy control group ( n = 30), taking symptom validity into account. Significant differences in performance between patients and controls were found in the domain Working memory ( P = 0.036), but not in the other cognitive domains. There was a significant difference in all dimensions of the psychological wellbeing scale, measured with the SCL-90-R ( P values between 0.002 and 0.023), except for agoraphobia, cognitive performance difficulty and sleep disturbances. No correlations were found between the performance on the Working memory domain and wellbeing. Future research should focus on unravelling the underlying mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction further using neuropsychological tests, including a symptom validity test in combination with neuroimaging techniques in larger samples.
Audio computer-assisted survey instrument versus face-to-face interviews: optimal method for detecting high-risk behaviour in pregnant women and their sexual partners in the south of Brazil
Authors: Yeganeh N , Dillavou C , Simon M , Gorbach P , Santos B , Fonseca R , Saraiva J , Melo M , Nielsen-Saines K
Published: June 2013

Summary

Audio computer-assisted survey instrument (ACASI) has been shown to decrease under-reporting of socially undesirable behaviours, but has not been evaluated in pregnant women at risk of HIV acquisition in Brazil. We assigned HIV-negative pregnant women receiving routine antenatal care at in Porto Alegre, Brazil and their partners to receive a survey regarding high-risk sexual behaviours and drug use via ACASI ( n = 372) or face-to-face (FTF) ( n = 283) interviews. Logistic regression showed that compared with FTF, pregnant women interviewed via ACASI were significantly more likely to self-report themselves as single (14% versus 6%), having >5 sexual partners (35% versus 29%), having oral sex (42% versus 35%), using intravenous drugs (5% versus 0), smoking cigarettes (23% versus 16%), drinking alcohol (13% versus 8%) and using condoms during pregnancy (32% versus 17%). Therefore, ACASI may be a useful method in assessing risk behaviours in pregnant women, especially in relation to drug and alcohol use.
Low Self-Control Promotes the Willingness to Sacrifice in Close Relationships
Authors: Righetti Francesca , Finkenauer Catrin , Finkel Eli J.
Published: June 2013

Although previous theories and research have suggested that human behavior is automatically driven by selfish impulses (e.g., vengeance rather than forgiveness), the present research tested the hypothesis that in close relationships, people’s impulsive inclination is to be prosocial and to sacrifice for their partner—to pursue the interests of the partner or of the relationship at some costs for the self. Results from four studies demonstrated that people with low self-control, relative to those with high self-control, reported greater willingness to sacrifice for their close others. Furthermore, Study 4 demonstrated that communal orientation was more strongly associated with sacrifice among participants with low self-control than participants with high self-control. This moderational pattern supports the hypothesis that communal orientation functions as a default approach to sacrifice in the context of close relationships. Taken together, these findings suggest that under certain crucial conditions in close relationships, gut-level impulses are more likely than deliberative considerations to promote prorelationship behavior.
What I am doing to stop rape: The personal/intellectual journey of a heterosexual male investigator on a sexual assault resistance education intervention
Authors: Newby-Clark Ian R
Published: June 2013

A heterosexual male reflects on his complex personal/intellectual journey as an investigator on a sexual assault resistance education intervention that trains women to resist sexual assault. Along the way, the author has confronted and worked through criticisms of the sexual assault resistance education program, his view of the everyday social world has changed radically and, perhaps most surprising, he has dealt with his own hurt feelings. Ultimately, his experiences have further strengthened his already strong commitment to stopping rape.
The Problem of Women’s Labour: Some Autobiographical Perspectives
Authors: John Mary E.
Published: June 2013

This article is concerned with a long-standing problem concerning the nature and value of women’s labour in modern India. The first part of the article offers a theoretical overview of the issues involved, arguing for an intersectional framework that would reorient a focus on women through questions of gender, class, caste and sexuality. Issues relating to the prominence of the domestic sphere, stigma and public labour, and the abjection of sex work are brought into this frame. The second part of the article uses the method of exploring women’s life narratives or autobiographies to investigate this problem through the places occupied by labour in a life story, drawing on the writings of Rashsundari Debi, Binodini Dasi, Baby Kamble, Baby Haldar and Nalini Jameela. The third part of the article reflects on the insights gleaned, in particular on the kinds of conflicts that structure women’s relationships in the world of labour and on the further questions this raises for feminist analysis.
Mediating Production, Re-powering Patriarchy: The Case of Micro Credit
Authors: Jitha T.J.
Published: June 2013

The micro credit-based development programme working through self-help groups (SHGs) is an initiative whose basic premise is that the empowerment of women can be achieved through economically gainful activities. The lack of access to financial resources is considered to be one of the main reasons for the patriarchal subjection and subjugation of women as well as their low status in family and society. However, empowerment thus achieved or claimed to have been achieved through SHG initiatives may do more to enhancing the bargaining power of women within the existing system of male hegemony, thereby not only acknowledging but also strengthening it—the same unequal, hierarchical, masculine, biased system that SHGs are said to free women from. Using ethnographic field data undertaken in the city of Delhi, the present article examines some of the paradoxes in the practices of micro credit.
Enabling Subjectivities: Economic and Cultural Negotiations—A Gendered Reading of the Handloom Sector and the Special Economic Zone of Kerala
Authors: George Sonia
Published: June 2013

The process of globalisation has unleashed substantial changes in the employment sector. One of the common features of this process has been discussed through the concept of the ‘feminisation of labour’. In India, most scholars have questioned this thesis given the ongoing low work participation rates among women. In this article two sites of labour—one in the traditional sector and the other in the emerging new labour context—are compared to explain the gendered structures of the new labour paradigm. In the handloom sector, male workers are leaving while women continue to work, whereas the special economic zone emerges with young women-centred jobs. The article argues that at the micro level, especially in the context of Kerala’s male labour history, a variation on the feminisation thesis is relevant. The micro spaces of these women workers must be explored in order to understand labour and its nuances in contemporary Kerala, with possible lessons for other spaces as well.
Book Review: Antharjanam: Memoirs of a Namboodiri Woman
Authors: Anish R.
Published: June 2013

Devaki Nilayamgode, Antharjanam: Memoirs of a Namboodiri Woman, translated by Indira Menon and Radhika P. Menon. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2011. 204 pages. $19.95 (Paperback).