bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mejorando la ejecución de proyectos en el Cono Sur
Authors: Briceño Bertha , Corso Lorena , Fretes Santiago , Valencia María Paula , Quijada José Alejandro
Published: December 2020

La ejecución de proyectos de desarrollo ofrece una oportunidad de aprendizaje a lo largo de todo el ciclo de implementación. Retomar la experiencia de proyectos pasados contribuye a la identificación de buenas prácticas y la mitigación de riesgos, especialmente en tiempos de anormalidad como el provocado por la crisis sanitaria del Coronavirus. Este documento abarca los aspectos más generales sobre el contexto actual en la región del Cono Sur y la crisis generada por la COVID-19, las políticas públicas y su influencia en la capacidad de ejecución de los proyectos en los diferentes países; así, como las particularidades respaldadas por la literatura que resaltan los principales hallazgos que afectan a la ejecución de los proyectos del Banco y la sostenibilidad de los resultados. Finalmente, presenta un análisis detallado sobre las principales lecciones aprendidas sectoriales y operativas de cada país, identificando aspectos comunes en la ejecución de los proyectos y factores transversales que afectan su implementación en la región.
La fiscalidad de las cooperativas en Mexico
Authors: Mejía Zarza María Dolores
Published: December 2020

Con la reforma que se presenta, y que entrara en vigor a partir del próximo ejercicio fiscal, las Sociedades Cooperativas van a tener un verdadero régimen fiscal que las regule, debido a que sus actividades son propias del régimen general de personas morales las cuales deben de aplicar a futuro para el pago del impuesto del ejercicio como corresponde, esto es a través lo estipulado por el Artículo 10 de la propia Ley del Impuesto Sobre la Renta que se encuentra en vigor, y no así por lo dispuesto en el Artículo 177 que regula la forma de realizar el pago del impuesto como si se tratare del régimen de personas físicas.

Recibido: 16 octubre 2020Aceptado: 17 noviembre 2020
Learning Design and Learning Analytics: Snapshot 2020
Authors: Macfadyen Leah P. , Lockyer Lori , Rienties Bart
Published: December 2020

“Learning design” belongs to that interesting class of concepts that appear on the surface to be simple and self-explanatory, but which are actually definitionally vague and contested in practice. Like “learning analytics,” the field of learning design aspires to improve teaching practice, the learning experience, and learning outcomes. And like learning analytics, this interdisciplinary field also lacks a shared language, common vocabulary, or agreement over its definition and purpose, resulting in uncertainty even about who its practitioners are — Educators? Designers? Researchers? All of these? (Law, Li, Farias Herrera, Chan & Pong, 2017). Almost a decade ago, however, learning analytics researchers pointed to the rich potential for synergies between learning analytics and learning design (Lockyer & Dawson, 2011). These authors (and others since, as cited below) argued that effective alignment of learning analytics and learning design would benefit both fields, and would offer educators and investigators the evidence they need that their efforts and innovations in learning design are “worth it” in terms of improving teaching practice and learning: "The integration of research related to both learning design and learning analytics provides the necessary contextual overlay to better understand observed student behavior and provide the necessary pedagogical recommendations where learning behavior deviates from pedagogical intention" (Lockyer & Dawson, 2011, p. 155).
Synergies of Learning Analytics and Learning Design: A Systematic Review of Student Outcomes
Authors: Blumenstein Marion
Published: December 2020

The field of learning analytics (LA) has seen a gradual shift from purely data-driven approaches to more holistic views of improving student learning outcomes through data-informed learning design (LD). Despite the growing potential of LA in higher education (HE), the benefits are not yet convincing to the practitioner, in particular aspects of aligning LA data with LD toward desired learning outcomes. This review presents a systematic evaluation of effect sizes reported in 38 key studies in pursuit of effective LA approaches to measuring student learning gain for the enhancement of HE pedagogy and delivery. Large positive effects on student outcomes were found in LDs that fostered socio-collaborative and independent learning skills. Recent trends in personalization of learner feedback identified a need for the integration of student-idiosyncratic factors to improve the student experience and academic outcomes. Finally, key findings are developed into a new three-level framework, the LA Learning Gain Design (LALGD) model, to align meaningful data capture with pedagogical intentions and their learning outcomes. Suitable for various settings — face to face, blended, or fully online — the model contributes to data-informed learning and teaching pedagogies in HE.
Digitalization – a Key Factor in the Personal Professional Development of Human Resources in Educational Organizations
Authors:   Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania, SERB (TANISLAV) Maria Cristina
Published: December 2020

In the European Union, we are trying to achieve an extended common area of education, that will have to face the challenges of a more global economy. The current European context offers the possibility of harmonizing VET education systems in the component countries and also the perspective of ensuring the education quality. Present-day researches show that students’ emotional development is decisive for school and life success or mental health. An important role in this process is played by the human resource in VET education. The teacher must be able to provide the opportunity for students to identify, use, understand and manage emotions, in order to communicate effectively, to empathize with those around us, to overcome challenges and to prevent and mitigate conflicts. This research presents an analysis of the role of digitalization in the personalprofessional development of human resources in educational organizations. Mindfulness practices are an important factor in intensifying focus and clarity of mind, processes that can help improve cognitive functions, ultimately having an impact on improving the balance between personal and professional life. This research presents the most important results regarding the need for personal-professional development of teachers through the processes digitalization. The data obtained are the result of applying a questionnaire on a representative sample of teachers from pre-university VET education, from Dambovita county. These served to shape a system of factors with a role in increasing the quality of the teaching process.
Budget Allocations and Pre-university Educational Policies Promoted by the Romanian Government in the First Decade of the Interwar Period
Authors:   “Valahia” University-I.O.S.U.D./S.D.S.I., Targoviste, Romania, Mitru Alexandru , Păun (Parnic) Loredana-Andreea ,   “Valahia” University-I.O.S.U.D./S.D.S.I., Targoviste, Romania, Năstase Mihai-Claudiu ,   “Valahia” University-I.O.S.U.D./S.D.S.I., Targoviste, Romania
Published: December 2020

In this research, the authors are investigating the way how the governmental authorities in Romania approached in the first decade of the interwar period the problem of reforming the pre-university education system. Its reorganization was very important for two basic reasons: it had to ensure the national unitary character of the state and, at the same time, it had to have a decisional influence for the development direction of the new state: conservative-traditionalist (peasant) or progressive (industrialized). The principles that stood at the base of the educational policy in Romania during the discussed period, debated and analyzed by the politicians of that time, by the decision-makers, teachers, parents, specialists etc., is an important concern in today's society, given the urgent need to achieve a profound change in today's Romanian pre-university education system. The importance of the study resides from the wish to stretch those Romanian educational traditions necessary to project and implement of a curricula reform today, which should correspond both to the expectations of students, parents and the economic and social needs of contemporary society. Investing in the education system was a matter of national priority because the school was considered a tool for building the Romanian nation in the new geopolitical context. There have been massive investments in expanding the school infrastructure in terms of primary and secondary education, but also in increasing the number of teachers. In 1922 the share of public education expenditures in the state budget expenditures was 10.1%, and in 1928 it rose to 13.4%.
Trends of Convergence at Regional Level in European Union (EU-28)
Authors:   Institute of National Economy, Bucharest, Romania, Antonescu Daniela
Published: December 2020

The objective regarding cohesion is achieved by means of a convergence process that assumes diminishing territorial inequalities between regions and territories. The cohesion process is not limited to the relatively poor regions, but aims also to more developed regions with the purpose of observing also the secondary effects for the entire EU (EC Report, 2013). Identifying the convergence or divergence trends is one of the intensely argued topics by both the academic and the political-decisional environment. The theoretical point of view approach regarding convergence was accompanied by models meant to mitigate the requirements of assessing over given periods the evolution of territorial inequalities (between countries or regions). Identifying a process of convergence or divergence at regional level is a widely debated issue both in the academic and political-decision making environment. Thus, in the context of favourable economic development, convergence assumes a process of closing the gap between the living standards between the poorer and richer areas beginning with the premise that the first have a swifter development as the latter. Considering this aspect, the present article analyses the trends of convergence/divergence at regional level in the context of the European Union with the help of GDP per capita and variation coefficients.
Bioeconomic Management of Biodiversity of Sericulture Genetic Resources in the Context of Sustainable Development in Romania
Authors:   Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania, Şonea Cristinel Gigi , Stoican Mirela ,   MS-Training Innovate, Brasov, România, Şonea Andra Cristina ,   Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health, Bucharest, Romania, Tăbîrcă Alina Iuliana ,   "1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia, Alba Iulia, Romania
Published: December 2020

Today’s society is a reaction to the excesses of a market economy that has not always been properly understood, thus leading to an imbalance of limited natural resources, disturbances in the unraveling of the lives of firms, or even the global economy. However, the eco-economy, under the given conditions, respects the sustainable efficiency of the eco-systems on which it depends. Addressing a fair, balanced attitude can be achieved through a system of implementing methods well-defined strategies, thus using the interdisciplinarity of the concept of development. The present paper aims to argue the need for bioeconomic sericulture management, based on the experience held in the field of sericulture and the untapped potential of this field in Romania. The bioeconomic management of sericulture biodiversity is a new method in the development, growth, and exploitation of silkworms as a pursuit of the sustainable development of agriculture and light industry, the chance of applying sustainable innovation, and relaunching the Romanian agriculture.
Dimensions Regarding the Communication-Satisfaction-Organizational Performance Relationship in the Knowledge Society
Authors:   Valahia University of Târgovişte, Romania, Mesaroş Gabriel Florin
Published: December 2020

A significant problem facing modern society, which directly and immediately affects, but also indirectly, the lives of individuals, groups, and community, in general, is the problem of communication. Today, communication is the primary dimension and value of our existence, becoming omnipresent, so that it is not even perceived as a distinct activity. Its role is to facilitate interaction between people, in the environment in which they evolve, through the content of issued and received messages to achieve certain goals and transmit particular meanings. Performance and satisfaction are interdependent and separate. Performance remains influenced by individual characteristics such as competence and overall perspicacity, organizational support related to technology and resources, and work effort. Good management of internal communication leads to eliminating differences in receiving any change, with positive effects on the efficiency, credibility, and public image of the institution. The degree of vulnerability of the organization is reflected both in the discursive manifestation at the individual level and especially on organizational performance. There is a need for constant review and continuous improvement of the way an organization measures its performance.
Multilevel Upgrade of the Knowledge Economy Pyramid Model - The Correlation between Productivity and Competitiveness, and Impact on the Standard of Living
Authors:   Senior researcher within Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Certified Knowledge Manager at International Knowledge Management Institute, Serban Octavian ,   Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2020

This work is describing the process of knowledge in the socio-economic global context, a pledge of the Endogenous Growth Theory extrapolated at macroeconomic level. There is a direct correlation between increased value of knowledge, improved productivity, increased competitiveness and enhanced welfare. A threefold approach of knowledge environment is consisting of scientific perspective, strategic perspective, and capacity building perspective. At the end of the process, the outcome is a higher standard of living for the individuals who contribute to the value creation of knowledge. Multilevel upgrading of the KEP model is a logical framework of generating value through the use of knowledge. The cycle is completed only when all the levels are acquired, from bottom to the top, and all the correlations are in place. The active role of the stakeholders determines the outputs and the outcomes of the knowledge system created. Once the standards of living are enhanced, the cycle is starting again from the bottom, but on a superior premise. Basically speaking, multilevel upgraded KEP model is an on-going knowledge process where innovation, creativity, leadership, and entrepreneurship, are reliable tools to achieve the welfare of the population. Today, the accent of the competition is moved from the vertical fields or sectors in the economy, such as manufacturing or retailing, agriculture or transportation, to horizontal functionalities, such as innovation, creativity, leadership, or entrepreneurship. The most adapted economies to this transformation will succeed to take advantage of competitiveness.
Outdoor Education and Its Influence on The Successful Involvement of Pupils in The Social Life
Authors:   University assistant, University of Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania, Torkos Henrietta , Egerau Anca Manuela ,   University lecturer, University of Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania
Published: December 2020

One of the main priorities of current educational systems is a strong connection between education provided by schools and the requirements of a successful integration in the social life and work field. This article offers the teachers’ perspective on the various ways in which outdoor learning can be useful in creating teaching-learning situations that prepare pupils to be active citizens and to have smoother integration in the social life and this way, on the labor market. The findings of a brief study among teachers from Arad County is presented. The method that was used is the survey based on a questionnaire. The main instrument that used was the questionnaire, which was based on a number of 12 variables. The quantitative data obtained was processed in the SPSS statistical program. The preliminary results show that even if teachers have some knowledge on the benefits of outdoor education regarding future involvement of pupils in social life, they tend to rarely use it in their educational practice. This happens because of the lack of correct and valid information they have on this type of education, and also because of the misconceptions of parents, who refuse to cooperate regarding this issue. The present study brings and important contribution in this research field, highlighting the values of outdoor education, both theoretically and practically.
Ecological Footprint of The Electrical and Energy Industries as Cultural Challenge
Authors:   „Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Hreciuc Elena
Published: December 2020

Our life, by its biological nature, is in an indestructible dependence on energy. At the same time, energy is an important criterion on which we report the progress of humanity. Historically, progress divides our world into distinct stages, called Industrial Revolutions. Each stage has encompassed more fuels, new technologies, inventions, humans behavioural changes and much more worrying environmental issues. Energy techniques, new extractions and transportation improved in nineteenth and during twenty-century energy consumption, especially electricity, rise significantly with, on the one hand, a continuous influx of fossil fuels and, on the other hand, continuous increase of the quantities of toxic waste, visible or not, from the other industrial branches and human activities, consequences of the energetical progress. The purpose of this paper is to point out some aspects regarding ecological footprints of electrical industry and energy industries during their development and to establish connections between the distinct role of energy in each period of industrialization and its impact on the environment, education, science, arts and cultural dimensions of life.
Anticipations as Abductions in Human and Machine Cognition Deep Learning: Locked and Unlocked Capacities
Authors:   Department of Humanities, Philosophy Section and Computational Philosophy Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy, Magnani Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

In my opinion, it is only in the framework of a research dealing with abductive cognition that we can analyze important cognitive aspects of human and machine capacities. From the point of view of human (and of some animal, mammals for example) capacities the phenomenological concept of anticipation (seen as a kind of abduction), which is related to the problem of the spontaneous generation of spatiality and its three-dimensionality, will be central. I will describe that anticipations can be seen as types of visual and manipulative abduction and also fruitful to illustrate, in the case of human and machine capacities, the respective role of two kinds of strategic reasoning: locked and unlocked abductive strategies, which characterize the basic cognitive pro- cedure of “reading ahead”. The specificity of these contrasting inferential strategies is also related to their potentiality in producing different kinds of hypothetical outcomes, which in turn represent dissimilar levels of knowledge creativity. This diversity is also fundamental to depict the special character, the kind of creativity (often amazing), and the limits of current computational deep learning AI systems, such as AlphaGo, which realize abductive cognitive processes.
A Systemic Philosophical Analysis of the Contemporary Society and the Human: New Potential
Authors:   Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Nerubasska Alla , Palshkov Kostiantyn ,   Odesa State University of Internal Affairs, Maksymchuk Borys ,   Izmail State University of Humanities
Published: December 2020

New prospects for mankind in searching for and developing new sources of energy, arms race, overcrowding and ecological crises present the human with a serious choice. The choice may relate to the further existence of people on Earth. In the context of most challenging political, economic and social crises, the tandem of natural and human sciences produces unexpected results, despite the crises accompanying these processes. This article presents a model of the society and a model of the human in the systemic parametrical aspect. The human is considered as part of the “society” system. The research suggests applying the systems parametric method developed by Prof. A. Uyemov in the 1960s. Humanity creates increasingly frequent bifurcation conditions for human life. As an adaptive mechanism, the human has to develop survival strategies and well-being strategies. The paper presents some aspects of the adaptive mechanisms of the 21st century man. It also considers some threats arising out of environmental variability. Cyborgization is one of such threats. The research includes dual system modelling of the “society” system based on the complementarity principle. It shows that there are two definitions which have different concepts, structures and substrates but constitute the entirety of the object of interest.
Capital Punishment Between Suppression of Life and Ethical Justification
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Petrovici Iasmina , Dean Ivan ,   West University of Timisoara
Published: December 2020

Is the capital punishment a solution? Can a basis for rejecting or justifying it be established? How should and how can a criminal be punished? Can the capital punishment be replaced by another type of punishment? Is this really a cruel, violent and unusual punishment? Questions like the previous ones, to which, of course, many others can be added, cannot be avoided once the still controversial issue of capital punishment has been addressed, being considered a major infringement of human rights. Uncomfortable and complex, sensitive and profound, it appears, first and foremost, as a fundamental theme for philosophical reflection and not only, being of a special significance to the applied ethics, as it is a point of contention that concerns life itself. The importance of this theme is conferred in particular by the fact that it deals with different aspects regarding the suppression of a person's life in a legal, deliberate and justified way, an obvious importance by the very purpose of this punishment. From a compositional point of view, we have structured the present study in such a way as to include, using the critical dimension, the highlighting of some of the relevant philosophical perspectives that are subsumed to the topic, and which can still be an argument, at least an ethical one, against the application of capital punishment. At the end of the study, we sketched some current distinctive reflections, pointing out an argument in favour of one's own choice on the subject of the study, not necessarily considering that this is not a solution, but also that an ultimate basis cannot be established to support it.
Finding the Connection between the Level of Empathy, Life Satisfaction and Their Inter-Sex Differences
Authors:   Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, Doktorová Dominika , Hubinská Jana ,   Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, Slovakia, Masár Michal ,   Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, Slovakia
Published: December 2020

The research was focused on investigating the mutual relations between empathy and life satisfaction. In this work we used the current and older theories and research that address these areas and the relationship between them. We also focused on the differences in the level of empathy and life satisfaction between men and women. The research sample consisted of 240 respondents aged 20 to 24, consisting of 128 women and 112 men. Each respondent participated in the same testing. We used the non-standardized Empathy Quotient EQ questionnaire to determine the level of empathy, and we chose the SWLS Life Satisfaction Scale, which is non-standardized, to measure life satisfaction. In the research we confirmed that there were no differences in the selected sample between men and women in the level of empathy or life satisfaction. The obtained results also confirmed the relationship between empathy and life satisfaction.
Developing Competency in Local History in Future Teachers
Authors:   Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Braslavska Oksana Volodymyrivna , Rozhi Inna Heorhiivna ,   Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Honcharuk Vitalii Volodymyrovych ,   Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Pliushch Valentyna ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Shumilova Iryna Fedorivna ,   Berdiansk State Pedagogical University, Silchenko Yuliia ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2020

The research analyzes the process of developing competency in local history in future teachers as one of the components of their professional training. It shows that the development of components of competency in local history contributes to developing the teacher’s personality as a researcher and specialist in terrain geography. It presents the author’s model for training future teachers (based on the example of geography teachers) for local studies and tourist activities following a competency-based approach. This model consists of several blocks and their parts: targets (goals, objectives), methods and structure (approaches, principles, the subjectivity of relationships between participants in local studies and tourist activities, components of competency in local history and their criteria), content and procedures (stages, content, forms, methods, technologies, pedagogical conditions), evaluation and outcomes (levels, as well as the results obtained from the introduction of the author’s model into the educational process). Also, the research specifies the following criteria of future geography teachers’ competency in local history: motivation and values, cognition and knowledge, activities and practice. It clarifies low, average and high levels of future geography teachers’ competency in local history. It demonstrates the organization and the course of experimental work. Finally, it draws relevant conclusions about the effectiveness of proposed pedagogical conditions for developing competency in local history in future geography teachers following a competency-based approach.
Impact of the Education System on Social Development of People with Disabilities in Ukraine
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Soloviova Tetiana Gennadievna , Gladysh Mariya Oleksandrivna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Leshchenko Olena Gennadievna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Zaveryko Nataliia Vitalievna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Matskevich Yuliana Rafailovna ,   Zaporizhzhia National University
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the influence of inclusive and boarding institutions on the formation of social competence of young people with disorders. The issue of inclusive education in Ukraine is topical and requires attention of the state and society. The analysis of the results of an online survey of pedagogues on inclusion issues in Ukraine is provided; surveys, observation, and semi-structured interviews with young people with disabilities who were learned in conceptually different conditions are reviewed. The article is focused on the need to evaluate the special and inclusive learning conditions and their influence on the formation of social competence of youth with disabilities. The factors that impede the successful development of the inclusive education system in Ukraine are identified and analyzed. It is proved that inclusion is necessary for children with special needs as the alternative to boarding institutions and it is illustrated the real ways of inclusive education implementation into general educational process. The experimental research consisted of two parts: a research among young people with disabilities and among pedagogues-practitioners. This was dictated by the need to clarify an objective picture of the development of inclusion in Ukraine and to determine the impact of national education systems on the social development of people with disabilities. The assumptions were verified using the nonparametric method of mathematical statistics of χ²-Pearson's criterion of consent to compare the empirical distribution of features with the theoretical one, which would allow estimating the statistical significance of these differences.
Effect of blanching on the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of canistel seed flour (Pouteria Campechiana (Kunth) Baehni)
Authors:   Djuanda University, Ciawi No.1 Toll Road, Ciawi-Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Amalia L , Setiarto RHB ,   Indonesian  Institute  of  Sciences, Fitrilia T ,   Djuanda University, Ciawi No.1 Toll Road, Ciawi-Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Masyrifah S ,   Djuanda University, Ciawi No.1 Toll Road, Ciawi-Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Published: December 2020

Canistel seeds are part of the residues of Canistel fruit which can be used as functional foods, such as flour to be processed into various foods. This research was aimed at determining the physicochemical properties of canistel seed flour. Canistel seed was made into flour with two treatments; they were Blanched Canistel Seed Flour (BCSF) (at 80oC for 10 minutes)and Unblanched Canistel Seed Flour (UCSF). The flour process involves sorting, washing, treatment, stripping the shell and epidermis, washing again, drying, flaking and sieving.Physical analysis carried out included yield (by difference method), white degree of spectrophotometric reflectance method (Chromatometer), starch gelatinization profile using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), the morphology of starch granules using polarization microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical analysis conducted on the BCSF and UCSF samples included proximate,amylose, amylopectin and starch content. Blanching at 80°C for 10 minutes had a significant effect on the physical properties of Canistel seed flour;yields were higher (41.6%) and chromatometric (colour) levels were lower (80.61). Pasting properties profile showed that UCSF had higher peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity but lower setback viscosity compared with the BCSF.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)and polarized light microscope showed starch granule structure changed due to the blanching. The appearance of starch granules on UCSF shows a tight starch granule. The appearance of starch granules on BCSF shows blanching treatment has changed the shape of the starch granules to be broken or damaged. The unblanched canistel seed flour (UCSF)showed that the starch granule still had birefringence appearance. This shows that the granule structures of the UCSF remained undamaged. Observation of the morphology of starch granules using polarization microscopy on BCSFshowed the starch granule was not visible and there was no appearance of birefringence. The loss of birefringence indicates that the starch granules had been damaged due to heating or hydrolysis. Chemical analyses on the samples showed significantly higher amylose content (24.79) but lower amylopectin content (31.39) in BCSF than UCSF.Starch, fat and carbohydrates contents were not significantly different (p>0.05) between BCSF and UCSF.Ash and protein content were significantly higher (p>0.05) in UCSF compared to the BCSF. Blanching of canistel seed flour reduces the swelling power of starch granules, increases retrogradation, accelerates thickening, decreases nutrition content, and changes microstructure of Canistel seed flour
Scaling up crop diversification among farming communities for food security under climate change: A case study of the Kenyan pelis programme
Authors:   University  of  Nairobi,  PO  Box 21162-00505 Nairobi, Kenya, Ngure Mary , Wandiga SO ,   University  of  Nairobi,  PO  Box 21162-00505 Nairobi, Kenya, Olago DO ,   University  of  Nairobi,  PO  Box 21162-00505 Nairobi, Kenya, Oriaso SO ,   University  of  Nairobi,  PO  Box 21162-00505 Nairobi, Kenya
Published: December 2020

Climate change poses significant risks to food security globally with predictions of 10-20 % decline in rain-fed crop yields by 2050. Sub-Saharan Africa remains highly susceptible to food shortage since over 95 % of the region’s total cropland is rain-fed. Kenya’s over reliance on rain-fed agriculture predisposes the country to climate-induced food insecurity. Murang’a County in Kenya is experiencing climate change challenges manifested in prolonged droughts and floods. The consequences,are failed cropping seasons, soil erosion, landslides, altered crop suitability and a resurgence of human, livestock, crop pests,and diseases,culminating into food insecurity. This study was conducted with Kimandi-Wanyaga community in the Gatanga Sub-County in Murang’a County, Kenya. Residents are smallholder subsistence rain-fed farmers. The study explored the potential of up-scaling crop diversification under the Plantation Establishment and Livelihood Improvement Scheme (PELIS) for food security vis-à-vis climate change. The community’s climate change coping strategies were explored to account for the need to up-scale crop diversification under PELIS. A mixed methods research design was applied whereby a systematic sampling method was used to select 281 household-heads. Three key informants were purposively selected and primary data were collected through a household survey, in-depth key stakeholder interviews, focus group discussions and on-farm trials. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were analysed using thematic and content analysis. The study established that 92.9 % of the community perceived climate change and its impacts. They had adopted a combination of coping strategies most of which,were found to be informed by short-term survival and hence,considered inadequate for long-term adaptation. The PELIS approach had been piloted in Murang’a County and was found to be a promising strategy for crop diversification and food security among forest-adjacent communities. However, only 11 % of the studied community participated in the scheme. Therefore, the study endeavoured to work with the community to promote cultivation of traditional vegetables under PELIS for crop diversification and food security in the face of climate change.The PELIS beneficiaries who adopted cultivation of Black nightshade, Amaranths and Cowpeas managed to produce enough for household consumption and sale of surplus for income. The PELIS,therefore, possesses the co-benefits of climate change adaptation through crop diversification for food security and climate change mitigation through afforestation for carbon sequestration.
Heading South But Looking North: Globalization and Law Reform In Latin America
Authors: Thome Joseph
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Derechos humanos y la dignidad humana como presupuesto de la eutanasia
Authors: Aguilera Portales Rafael , González Cruz Joaquín
Published: December 2020

El artículo parte de un enfoque filosófico para brindarnos interesantes reflexiones para la compresión de la eutanasia. Para ello, inicialmente analiza las connotaciones que tiene la muerte dentro de la sociedad en la que vivimos para luego presentar una reflexión amplia alrededor del problema de la muerte y la dignidad humana en la sociedad capitalista. Seguidamente, se analiza rigurosamente el concepto de dignidad humana con la finalidad de relacionar su contenido con la reflexión sobre la eutanasia y con el cuidado de la muerte, arribando a conclusiones críticas de las regulaciones médicas y legales existentes. Finalmente, se presentan algunas reflexiones y sugerencias sobre los temas analizados
Objeción de conciencia sanitaria en España: naturaleza y ejercicio
Authors: Medina Castellano Carmen Delia
Published: December 2020

La objeción de conciencia se concibe como el incumplimiento de un deber jurídico, pacífica y moralmente motivado, que procura salvaguardar la propia integridad moral frente a un imperativo heterónomo que se juzga injusto. En general, existe acuerdo social en torno a unos principios de justicia que generan normas compartidas por el grupo. Sin embargo, pueden existir discrepancias entre algunos de los miembros del mismo, que los lleven a optar por la desobediencia a la norma. En este trabajo se pretende reflexionar acerca de la legitimidad social y jurídica de la obligación moral de un individuo de desobedecer o incumplir una norma jurídica incompatible con sus opciones personales, con el objetivo de afirmar dicha facultad y fundamentarla en la existencia de un derecho a la objeción de conciencia. También se quiere poner de manifiesto las dificultades que encuentra en España el ejercicio de la objeción de conciencia en el contexto sanitario.
Derecho humano al agua y control de convencionalidad
Authors: Martínez Adriana N. , Defelippe Oscar E.
Published: December 2020

La humanidad enfrenta el desafío de lograr la sostenibilidad de la oferta de los recursos hídricos para la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas y garantizar la de los ecosistemas naturales para el logro del desarrollo humano sustentable y la calidad de vida de la generación presente y de las futuras. Es por ello que el reconocimiento del derecho al acceso al agua como derecho humano adquiere primordial relevancia. Procedemos al análisis de los instrumentos internacionales que dan contenido y fundamento jurídico al derecho humano al agua y de los que derivan las obligaciones de los Estados. En ese contexto, abordamos la recepción constitucional del derecho humano al agua en Argentina, a partir de la reforma constitucional de 1994, y al control de convencionalidad como garante del acceso al agua, que ha llevado a que distintos tribunales internos se ocuparan de casos en los que se constató la vulneración del derecho al agua.
Phosphate Solubilization and Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria from Rhizosphere Soil
Authors: Balakrishnan K. , Thirumalairaj J. , Radhakrishnan M. , Gopikrishnan V. , Balagurunathan R.
Published: December 2020

Background: Phosphorus has been considered as the key element as it is directly involved in most of the life processes including in plants. Soil contains both organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus. Phosphate solubilization is the important property of soil bacteria to develop them as plant growth promoting bacteria in the agricultural field. The present study report the phosphate solubilizing and plant growth promoting properties of selected actinobacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil. Methods: Actinobacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil and screened for in vitro phosphate solubilizing properties using agar plate method. The efficiency of phosphate solubilization and phosphatase activity of isolated actinobacterial strains were tested using Pikovskaya broth. Result: In the present study phosphate solubilization and phosphatase activity of isolated actinobacteria, Streptomyces sp. CTD-2 was comparatively higher in lab conditions. In pot trial experiment strain CTD-2 showed higher growth when compared to the control plant. The chlorophyll content of leaves in the experimental plants were found maximum with actinobacteria strain CTD-2 treated plant. Plant growth measurements such as root length, shoot length, leaf length, total plant growth measurements, quick yield production were also observed.
Genetic Enhancement of Yield Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): An Analysis of Selection in Early Segregating Generations
Authors: Patil B.S. , Bharadwaj C. , Vijaykumar A.G.
Published: December 2020

Background: Indirect selection for yield contributing traits in segregating generation is practiced to realize the potential yields. However, the effectiveness of selection either in early or late segregating generation is a debatable issue in self pollinated crops. The issue is addressed in chickpea by analyzing four segregating generations of a cross in the same season. Method: A bold seeded desi chickpea variety BGD 103 crossed with JAKI 9218. The segregating generations were advanced up to F5 without selection and retaining part of the seeds in each generation. The populations comprised of 162 F­2 plants, 162 F3, F4 and F5 progeny rows were evaluated during rabi 2018-19. The observations on seed traits were recorded and data was subjected to statistical analyses to estimate correlation among the traits in each generations, inter-generation correlation and heritability. Result: The range of variation for the traits narrowed with advancement of the generations. The heritability decreased for seed weight, increased for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant with the advancement of generation. In all the four generations, seed yields were associated with number of pods per plant, seeds per plant and seed weight. The change in association among seed traits different generations and estimates of inter-generation correlations suggest that simultaneous improvement of seed weight, seed number and seed yield could be achieved by selection in F3 and F4 generations.
Growth, Yield, Nodulation and Amino Acid Content of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) under Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer Application
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Uddin Md Kamal , Mohammed Mahmud Tengku Muda , Zuan Ali Tan Kee , Motmainna Mst
Published: December 2020

Background: Bambara groundnut is an edible legume which is highly nutritious. This study was carried out to find the effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer on the growth, nodulation, nitrogen yield and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Methods: During the period of 2018, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Ladang 15, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Different rates of compost, biofertilizer, gypsum were used along with the combination of different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer. The amino acid content of the seed was measured by HPLC. Result: N and P fertilizer were found to play a dominating role in increasing the vegetative growth and yield of the plant. Plant height (21.73 cm), leaf area (2802.9 cm2) and the number of the pods per plant (41.75) increased with the application of N and P. Application of N30P60 kg/ha influenced nodule number (35.50) of the plant. Lysine content in seed was 6.03 mg/kg at T1 (N30P60 kg/ha) whereas 5.13 mg/kg was recorded at T7 (compost 10 t/ha). The application of N30P60 kg/ha has increased the growth, yield, nodulation and amino acid content of bambara groundnut.
The Relationship between Secondary School Students’ Lifelong Learning Tendencies and Attitudes towards English Lesson as a Foreign Language
Authors: ASLITÜRK Arzu , EKŞİOĞLU Subhan
Published: December 2020

In this study, it is aimed to examine the lifelong learning tendencies of secondary school students and their attitudes towards English as a foreign language and whether there are differences in terms of gender, grade level and school type in terms of these two structures. The population of the study is composed of 744 students, 358 female and 386 male students selected from seven secondary schools by cluster sampling in 2017-2018 academic year, in the secondary schools in Kaynarca district of Sakarya province. Correlational survey model was used to examine these relationships. The 17-item Lifelong Learning Trends Scale developed by Gür-Erdoğan and Arsal (2016) was used to measure participants' lifelong learning tendencies. In order to measure the attitudes of the participants towards the English course, a 30-item Attitudes towards English Scale, which was developed by Hancı-Yanar (2008), was used. In the study, there was a moderate significant relationship between students’ lifelong learning tendencies and attitudes towards English course as a foreign language.
Ethics in medical education (on the 85 th anniversary of the Volgograd State Medical University)
Authors: Sedova N. N
Published: December 2020

The article traces the forty-year history of the establishment of the Bioethics training course at the Volgograd State Medical University, which turns 85 this year. It is told about those who played a major role in the development of bioethics as a training course, what difficulties and successes were along this path. The logic of the institutionalization of bioethics through the creation of ethical examination procedures is traced. Actual problems of bioethics, as well as ongoing bioethical activities are not covered and are not called, since the materials of the anniversary issue of the journal are devoted to them.
Development tendencies of the inclusive education system at higher medical school: adaptation, maintenance, professional readiness
Authors: Zholudova A. N , Os'kin D. N , Polyakova O. V. , Vershinin E. G
Published: December 2020

This article considers the issues of adaptation and organization of the educational process, barrier-free environment and readiness for professional activity of students with disabilities in inclusive education in conditions of inclusive education in a medical university. The relevance of this work is determined by one of the priority areas of state policy in the field of higher education - access to higher education for people with disabilities in inclusive education. Inclusive education at the university is designed to ensure not only the realization of the right of students with disabilities in inclusive education to higher education, but also to solve the problems of socialization and professional demand for such people. In order to improve the process of introducing inclusive education at the Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, a study was conducted, the main problems and ways of solving them were identified, related to the organization of the educational process, the conditions of the barrier-free environment and the readiness for professional activity of students with disabilities in inclusive education. An increase in the proportion of university teachers who have undergone advanced training in inclusive education also contributes to solving problems. Adaptation of educational programs and educational and methodological support for persons with disabilities includes psychological, pedagogical and tutor support etc. The organization of the educational process using distance education technologies is one of the priority conditions for teaching students with disabilities and/or HIA. The use of this technology makes it possible to significantly expand and modify some educational standards for students with disabilities in inclusive education, namely, to create an individual way for each student with disabilities in inclusive education in a medical university. It is proposed to use training techniques such as: online consultation of teachers; VR technologies; availability of training materials 24/7; online webinars that facilitate the inclusion of such students in the educational and research activities of the university. The professionally organized educational space and educational process of the university provide not only a high level of mastery of professional competencies, but also contribute to the formation of personal qualities of students with disabilities in inclusive education, necessary for their successful socialization, life and activity in society.