bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The meaning of participation to stroke survivors: a qualitative study
Authors: Fryer Kate , Baxter Susan , Brumfitt Shelagh
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims:

The effect of stroke can be all encompassing, and has an impact on significant roles in life. Assessing someone's level of participation is seen as essential to understanding the social impact of a disability on a person's life, and tailoring support accordingly. This study aimed to examine the meaning of participation to stroke survivors, in order to provide insight into the meaning of participation in the context of a stroke.

Methods:

A qualitative approach drawing on methods of phenomenology was used, with data collected via semi-structured interviews and a follow-up focus group. Analysis was undertaken using techniques of interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Findings:

Six stroke survivors and six carers were interviewed, and four stroke survivors attended a focus group. Three main themes in relation to the meaning of participation were identified in the data: ‘being actively involved’; ‘making meaningful choices’; and ‘being me’.

Conclusions:

The work confirms the findings of previous studies on participation, and adds to current understandings by developing the meaning of ‘involvement’ beyond a social concept. It highlights that ‘involvement’ can include active engagement in life through being alone. It also identifies a specific link between stroke survivors’ sense of self, and participation.
How effective is stretching in maintaining range of movement for children with cerebral palsy? A critical review
Authors: Eldridge Fleur , Lavin Nicole
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims:

Cerebral palsy is the most common childhood disorder, affecting 4% of children born in the UK. It is common for children with cerebral palsy to have reduced range of movement (ROM) due to spasticity and contractures. Stretching is commonly used in physiotherapy programmes to manage this. This critical review aims to evaluate the evidence base behind the use of stretching for children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:

A systematic literature search of AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library Trials was conducted. Returned searches were assessed against strict criteria according to a predefined PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study). These studies were then critically appraised to assess the validity, reliability and clinical relevance.

Results:

There is evidence supporting the use of stretching in children with cerebral palsy. However, there is also some evidence to suggest very little or no positive change. All of the included studies have methodological limitations, which questions the validity of the results.

Conclusions:

The research suggests some positive outcomes for the use of stretching in cerebral palsy; studies that did not find positive outcomes found no adverse effects. However, further research in the area is required to validate the effectiveness of stretching to maintain ROM in children with cerebral palsy.
Results of non-operative treatment of fractures of the glenoid fossa
Authors: Königshausen M. , Coulibaly M. O. , Nicolas V. , Schildhauer T. A. , Seybold D.
Published: August 2016

Aims

Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of patients with a displaced fracture of the glenoid fossa who are treated conservatively. There is little information in the literature about the treatment of these rare injuries non-operatively.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 24 patients with a mean age of 52 years (19 to 81) at a mean of 5.6 years (11 months to 18 years) after the injury.

Results

At final follow-up, the mean Constant and Murley score was 79 points (18 to 98); the mean Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index score (WOSI) was 77% (12 to 100) and the mean Rowe score was 93 points (50 to 100). Fractures with little intra-articular displacement (≤ 3 mm) had an uneventful outcome. Those with intra-articular displacement of ≤ 3 mm had a significant better mean Constant and Murley score than those with displacement of ≥ 5 mm and/or a fracture gap of ≥ 5 mm. Poor clinical results such as nonunion and post-traumatic osteoarthritis were associated with displaced or angulated glenoid fragments and significant intra-articular displacement.

Conclusion

Glenoid fossa fractures with displacement of ≥ 5 mm should be treated surgically if the patient’s condition allows. Displacement and angulation can lead to nonunion and a poor outcome if the degree of displacement results in a persistent fracture gap in the glenoid fossa or if the angulation of fragments leads to malunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1074–9.
Management of rib fractures in traumatic flail chest
Authors: Coughlin T. A. , Ng J. W. G. , Rollins K. E. , Forward D. P. , Ollivere B. J.
Published: August 2016

Aims

Flail chest from a blunt injury to the thorax is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Its management globally is predominantly non-operative; however, there are an increasing number of centres which undertake surgical stabilisation. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of this approach with that of non-operative management.

A systematic search of the literature was carried out to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the clinical outcome of patients with a traumatic flail chest treated by surgical stabilisation of any kind with that of non-operative management.

Results

Of 1273 papers identified, three RCTs reported the results of 123 patients with a flail chest. Surgical stabilisation was associated with a two thirds reduction in the incidence of pneumonia when compared with non-operative management (risk ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 0.85, p = 0.02). The duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference -6.30 days, 95% CI -12.16 to -0.43, p = 0.04) and length of stay in an intensive care unit (mean difference -6.46 days, 95% CI 9.73 to -3.19, p = 0.0001) were significantly shorter in the operative group, as was the overall length of stay in hospital (mean difference -11.39, 95% CI -12.39 to -10.38, p < 0.0001).

Surgical stabilisation for a traumatic flail chest is associated with significant clinical benefits in this meta-analysis of three relatively small RCTs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1119–25.
Errata
Authors: Haddad F. S.
Published: August 2016

K. Kuršumović, C. P. Charalambous. Graft salvage following infected anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:608–615.
Three Unusual Techniques for the Analysis of Surface Modification of Clays and Nanocomposites
Authors: Rytwo Giora , Chorsheed Linda , Avidan Lior , Lavi Roy
Published: August 2016

Three relatively unusual techniques that might deliver interesting information about the surface modifications performed on clay minerals are described here. The instruments used and the techniques were: (1) a streaming current detector (more commonly known as particle-charge detector) to monitor changes in the colloidal charge of the surfaces of modified particles; (2) a dispersion analyzer to monitor sedimentation/ dispersion behavior as a function of the modification, and in several cases even to yield a very good estimate of size of the particles (as long as they are between 10 nm and 10 mm); and (3) nuclear magnetic resonance-based specific surface area measurements, that yield information on the area and in some cases even on changes in the hydrophobic-hydrophillic surfaces formed due to the modification. As with all analytical techniques, these methods have advantages accompanied by problems, interesting research opportunities coupled with severe limitations that might lead to misinterpretation of the results. A few examples for each technique are presented here.
Inorganic Nanoarchitectures Based on Sepiolite
Authors: Aranda Pilar , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo
Published: August 2016

Fibrous clay minerals (sepiolite and palygorskite) have large specific surface areas which offer interesting opportunities for the assembly of diverse types of nanoparticles (NPs) which, in certain cases, remain bonded through the silanol groups located at the external surfaces of these clays. Various methodologies used in the preparation of new nanoarchitectures, based on the attachment of NPs to fibrous clays, with special emphasis on the use of the sol-gel approach combined with organosepiolites to build nanostructured porous functional materials for different applications (e.g. photocatalysis), are introduced here. Other examples refer to the in situ formation of NPs, e.g. zeolites, which become attached to the clay fiber during the synthesis process via covalent bonds. The use of ferrofluids allows the development of nanoarchitectures in which iron-oxide NPs decorate sepiolite fibers and add superparamagnetic properties to the resulting materials. Examples of various multifunctional materials based on magnetite-sepiolite nanoarchitectures are also introduced and discussed critically here.
[Recensão a] MONTEIRO, JOÃO GOUVEIA; COSTA, ANTÓNIO MARTINS DA (2015). 1415: a conquista de Ceuta
Authors: D'Encarnação José
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_10
[Review] CUNHA, PEDRO PROENÇA; GOUVEIA, MARGARIDA PORTO (2015). The Nazaré Coast, the Submarine Canyon and the Giant Waves: a Synthesis
Authors: Almeida António Campar de
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_11
[Recensão a] FONSECA, SENOS DA (2015). Embarcações lagunares. Bateiras & artes. Tomo II. Arquitectura naval lagunar
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria
Published: August 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-2_12
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS ON SEEPAGE AND STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF EARTH-ROCK DAM: A CASE STUDY OF XIQUANYAN DAM IN CHINA
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Han Zheng , Zhang Shaohe , Li Yange
Published: August 2016

Earth-rock dam is commonly used in the high-dam engineering around the world. It has been widely accepted that the analysis on structural and seepage stability plays a very important role, and it is necessary to take into account while designing the earth-rock dam. In performing the analysis of structural and seepage stability, many remarkable methods are available at current stage. However, there are still some important issues remaining unsolved, including: (1) Finite element methods (FEMs) is a means of solutions to analysis seepage process, but it is often a difficult task to determine the so-called seepage coefficient, because the common-used water injection test is limited in the practical work due to the high cost and complex procedure. (2) It has long been discussed that the key parameters for structural stability analysis show a significant spatial and temporal variations. It may be partly explained by the inhomogeneous dam-filling during construction work and the developing seepage process. The consequence is that one constant value of the parameter cannot represent the above variations. In this context, we solve the above issues and introduce the solution with a practical earth-rock dam project. For determining the seepage coefficient, the data from the piezo metric tube is used to calculate the potential value, based on which the seepage coefficient can be back-analysed. Then the seepage field, as well as the seepage stability are numerically analysed using the FEM-based SEEP/W program. As to the structural safety, we take into account the spatial and temporal variations of the key parameters, and incorporate the Monte-Carlo simulation method into the commonly used M-P method to calculate the frequency distribution of the obtained structural safety factor. In this way, the structural and seepage safety can be well analysed. This study is also beneficial to provide a mature method and a theoretical insight into the earth-rock dam design. The earth-rock dam of Xiquanyan Reservoir near Harbin city in China is also selected as case study to illustrate the described method.
FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ADVANCED MODELLING OF FIRES
Authors: Dvořák Otto
Published: August 2016

This paper summarizes the material and fire properties of solid flammable/combustible materials /substances /products, which are used as inputs for the computer numerical fire models. At the same time it gives the test standards for their determination.
Origem, consolidação e internacionalização dos grupos Mexichem e Tigre
Authors: Santos Leandro Bruno
Published: August 2016

Nas três últimas décadas, os países periféricos exibiram um aumento de sua importância no cenário mundial, particularmente no que diz respeito à realização de fluxos de capitais produtivos. O objetivo subjacente ao texto é analisar as estratégias corporativas de internacionalização produtiva adotadas pelos grupos econômicos Mexichem e Tigre, respectivamente, maiores produtores de tubos e conexões do México e do Brasil. O texto apresenta as diferentes trajetórias dos grupos, os principais ramos, os espaços de atuação e as formas de inserção internacional. Esse texto traz duas importantes conclusões: primeiro, os principais fatores que levaram à internacionalização produtiva dos dois grupos foram a necessidade crescente de novos espaços de acumulação, em função da desaceleração econômica e da concentração do mercado interno, e a participação na batalha pela concentração oligopólica no ramo de tubos e conexões de PVC em escala mundial; segundo, as estratégias multiterritoriais de internacionalização produtiva (setoriais e formas de entrada) refletem as trajetórias de consolidação desses capitais particulares em seus respectivos mercados. A ideia original subjacente ao trabalho é que as capacidades distintivas construídas pelos grupos durante o processo de consolidação no mercado interno têm sido usadas para alterar os padrões de concorrência na indústria de tubos e conexões nas diversas escalas.
Monitoreo de cambios en la densidad de cobertura forestal en bosque templado usando fotografías aéreas digitales de alta resolución
Authors: López García José , Prado Molina Jorge , Manzo Delgado Lilia , Peralta Higuera Armando
Published: August 2016

Se utilizaron series multitemporales de fotografías aéreas digitales de alta resolución de pequeño formato para evaluar los cambios en la densidad de cobertura forestal en un bosque templado. Una combinación de técnicas convencionales y adaptadas de fotogrametría y fotointerpretación fueron utilizadas para establecer un método específico de evaluación.  Este método ha sido probado en un periodo de doce años (1999-2011) en la zona núcleo de la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, localizada en los estados de México y Michoacán, en México, usando mosaicos ortorectificados como mapas base para evaluar cambios bienales. Las imágenes fueron fotointerpretadas de manera tradicional marcando los cambios sobre acetatos, colocados sobre las imágenes impresas, creando así nuevos polígonos. Estos fueron transferidos directamente de los acetatos al ortomosaico a través de la pantalla de la computadora, usando al menos tres puntos de control, cumpliendo así con el principio de triangulación radial. El bosque fue separado en las siguientes clases de cobertura forestal: cerrada, semi-cerrada, semi-abierta, abierta y deforestada. La evaluación en la exactitud en la clasificación de densidad de cobertura fue estimada a través de muestreos en campo, empleando matrices de confusión, siendo del 95%. A partir de 2003, este método ha sido utilizado para determinar el pago por servicios ambientales. Dicho pago, junto con una gran interacción con las comunidades, se ha traducido en una reducción en la degradación forestal y la deforestación en la zona núcleo de la Reserva.
CUANTIFICACIÓN DE CARBONO RADICAL Morella pubescens H. & B. ex Willd Wilbur EN DOS AGROECOSISTEMAS (NARIÑO, COLOMBIA)
Authors: Delgado Vargas Iván Andrés , Daza Castillo Jhonnie Mauricio , Luna Cabrera Gloria Cristina , Leonel Hugo Ferney , Forero Peña Luz Amalia
Published: August 2016

Se cuantificó el Carbono (C) almacenado en biomasa radical de Morella pubescens Humb and Bompl ex Willd Wilbur, en San Pablo, Nariño, Colombia, con altura de 2010 m, precipitación media anual de 1300 mm y temperatura promedio de 17ºC. Se tomó tres unidades experimentales: sistema silvopastoril, arreglo pastura en callejones (Pc) a dos distancias de siembra 4x3 m y 4x4 m, y el sistema de regeneración natural (Rn). Se seleccionó 7 individuos por unidad experimental (diámetros entre 5 y 7 cm), la muestra se tomó a 70 cm y 140 cm desde el árbol, con profundidades 0-15, 15-30 y 30-45 cm. En total se tomaron 24 muestras/árbol en 21 individuos seleccionados. La mayor cantidad de biomasa radical y carbono almacenado se presentó en el arreglo Pc, 4x3 m con 27.6 t.ha-1 (14.1 t.C.ha-1) y 24.4 t.ha-1 (12.1 t.C.ha-1) en distancia 4x4 m y 7.5 t.ha-1 (2.9 t.C.ha-1) en Rn. No hubo diferencias significativas en el C almacenado por árbol, a la distancia de 4x4 m, frente al sistema Rn; hubo disminución de C a 4x3 m; por ende, las diferencias de acumulación entre sistemas, pueden obedecer a la densidad de siembra.
The practice of “de-genrification” of the Turkish film criticism in the late 1950’s: The critical receptions and the aesthetic analysis of melodramas like Three Friends (1958) and Port of the Lonely (1959)
1950’ler sonu Türk sinema eleştirisinin “türsüzleştirme” uygulaması: Üç Arkadaş (1958) ve Yalnızlar Rıhtımı (1959) melodramlarının eleştirel alımlamaları ve estetik çözümlemeleri
Authors: Yıldırım Tunç
Published: August 2016

This article focuses on two similar examples of melodramas which are representations of the general aesthetic tendency during the genesis of Yeşilçam period (1948-1959) of the Turkish cinema. This work aims to prove that in the aforementioned era, critical discourse which categorizes, names and classifies movies, imposed the practice of de-genrification for Three Friends and Port of the Lonely. To accomplish this aim, an analysis of comparative critical reception should be done in the first stage. Secondly esthetics analysis for those two movies of the same hybrid genre (melodrama), must be presented.    The hypothesis of the article is that, traditional Turkish cinema historiography which based on the repetition of director centered critical discourse will become outdated, if a new approach   that focuses on film genres is approved. Analyzing those two melodramatic and realist movies which are chosen as samples from an historical perspective, and placing them rightly in the tradition of Turkish Cinema, will only be possible with a developed method which cross-reads multiple primary sources and contextualize the critical discourse on the melodrama genre.   ÖzetBu makale, Türk sinemasının Yeşilçam döneminin oluşum aşamasında (1948-1959) genel estetik eğilimi temsil eden tür sineması içinde hâkim konumda olan melodram türünün iki benzer örneğine odaklanır. Çalışmanın amacı sinema türlerini isimlendiren, tasnif eden ve ayırt eden dönemin eleştirel söyleminin Üç Arkadaş ve Yalnızlar Rıhtımı melodramları söz konusu olduğunda türsüzleştirme uygulaması yaptığını kanıtlamaktır.  Bunun için ilk aşamada söz konusu filmlerin karşılaştırmalı eleştirel alımlama çözümlemeleri yapılır. İkinci olarak da, aynı melez türe (melodram) giren bu iki filmin estetik çözümlemelerine yer verilir.Makalenin varsayımı, ancak tür sineması gerçeğini temel alan yeni bir yaklaşımın onaylanması halinde eleştirel söylemi genel hatlarıyla tekrar eden yönetmen merkezli geleneksel Türk sinema tarihyazımının aşılacağı yönündedir. Örneklem olarak seçilen bu iki melodramatik gerçekçi filmin tarihsel açıdan açıklanıp Türk sinema geleneği içindeki yerlerine oturtulması ancak çoklu birincil kaynakları kesiştiren ve melodram türü hakkındaki eleştirel söylemi bağlamlaştıran gelişkin bir yöntemle söz konusu olabilir.
The real time optical transmittance of swollen heterogeneous natural rubber/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blends
Authors: Chandran Satheesh , Panayamthatta Ashok , Varma Ravi , Athiyanathil Sujith
Published: August 2016

This work demonstrates a novel simple method to study the accurate real time optical transparency of a crosslinked polymer blend during its swelling in good solvent. Heterogeneous natural rubber (NR) and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends were used for this experiment. Aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene were used as the probe molecules. Optical transparency of the samples increases with increase in EVA content in the blends during swelling. The penetrant solvent molecular size also affects the optical transparency of the blends. This new method can effectively measure the optical transparency of polymer gels during their swelling. Also, these blends can be a promising material for optical switching.
Tightness in Besov–Orlicz spaces: Characterizations and applications
Authors: Aissa Sghir
Published: August 2016

We establish a tightness criterion in a class of Besov–Orlicz spaces. Our result generalizes those obtained in [
Theoretical and experimental investigations of thermal conditions of household biogas plant
Authors: Zhelykh Vasil , Furdas Yura , Dzeryn Oleksandra
Published: August 2016

The construction of domestic continuous bioreactor is proposed. The modeling of thermal modes of household biogas plant using graph theory was done. The correction factor taking into account with the influence of variables on its value was determined. The system of balance equations for the desired thermal conditions in the bioreactor was presented.

The graphical and analytical capabilities were represented that can be applied in the design of domestic biogas plants of organic waste recycling.
European tendencies and co-operation in the field of ITS systems - national achievements and challenges in Hungary
Authors: Lindenbach Ágnes
Published: August 2016

The article presents the role of intelligent transport systems/services related to the implementation of the essential European and Hungarian transport policy objectives. The ‘ITS Directive’ will provide a framework for the tasks/works to be performed in the forthcoming years within the priority areas of ITS. The European Commission published regulations / specifications for the priority actions in the form of delegated acts defining the tasks/responsibilities of Member States. Regional/European co-operation for Hungary started after the EU-accession of the country. Hungary was an active partner within the European CONNECT and EasyWay projects, currently Hungary is a member of the CROCODILE consortium.
Experimental study of optimal self compacting concrete with spent foundry sand as partial replacement for M-sand using Taguchi approach
Authors: Nirmala D.B. , Raviraj S.
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the application of Taguchi approach to obtain optimal mix proportion for Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing spent foundry sand and M-sand. Spent foundry sand is used as a partial replacement for M-sand. The SCC mix has seven control factors namely, Coarse aggregate, M-sand with Spent Foundry sand, Cement, Fly ash, Water, Super plasticizer and Viscosity modifying agent. Modified Nan Su method is used to proportion the initial SCC mix. L18 (21×37) Orthogonal Arrays (OA) with the seven control factors having 3 levels is used in Taguchi approach which resulted in 18 SCC mix proportions. All mixtures are extensively tested both in fresh and hardened states to verify whether they meet the practical and technical requirements of SCC. The quality characteristics considering “Nominal the better” situation is applied to the test results to arrive at the optimal SCC mix proportion. Test results indicate that the optimal mix satisfies the requirements of fresh and hardened properties of SCC. The study reveals the feasibility of using spent foundry sand as a partial replacement of M-sand in SCC and also that Taguchi method is a reliable tool to arrive at optimal mix proportion of SCC.
A microtoponimia de Sálvora
Authors: Lixó Gómez Carlos
Published: August 2016

No verán de 2013 realizouse a recolleita da microtoponimia de Sálvora e do seu arquipélago, no marco do Proxecto Toponimia de Galicia. O feito de se tratar dun espazo insular que levaba despoboado case medio século dificultou o proceso, porén precisamente por esa excepcionalidade os resultados obtidos teñen un especial valor para as análises tanto filolóxicas como históricas.O presente estudo ten dous bloques fundamentais, denominados Metodoloxía e Análise da toponimia. No primeiro deles explicamos como se realizou o traballo de recolleita, que criterios se adoptaron e que problemas se enfrontaron. No segundo examinamos a toponimia do interior de Sálvora, a talasonimia dos elementos que a rodean e os xenéricos locais utilizados polos informantes. Esta análise aportou diversos datos para o coñecemento dos modelos pasados de poboamento e organización da illa, e de explotación e humanización do mar. A toponimia demostra unha vez máis ter interese máis aló do ámbito estritamente lingüístico.
Presencia del léxico gallego-portugués en el español atlántico: primeros testimonios
Authors: Corbella Dolores
Published: August 2016

Los registros archivísticos resultan fundamentales para desvelar la historia de las relaciones seculares entre el portugués y el español y para ir conociendo en su justa medida el alcance de las interferencias léxicas entre ambas lenguas. En este trabajo analizaremos los inicios de la expansión atlántica (hasta el final de la llamada Unión Ibérica), las causas que llevaron a los portugueses além mar, los testimonios relativos a la huella lusa en los enclaves de ultramar y la distribución espacial de aquellos primeros préstamos, un hecho fundamental que puede servir para conocer su antigüedad y dirimir el camino que siguieron esas voces a través del océano. Si bien es verdad, como señala Venâncio (2008), que los portuguesismos europeos ocupan un pequeño espacio en el “paisaje lexicográfico español”, en lo que se refiere a la variedad atlántica, la lengua y la cultura portuguesas, directa o indirectamente, contribuyeron a configurar una parte importante del léxico diferencial.
O Pretérito Perfeito Composto em diacronia – uma evolução perfeita?
Authors: Becker Martin
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo apresentamos o nosso estudo sobre a evolução semântica do Pretérito Perfeito Composto (PPC) na língua portuguesa, exemplo significativo de um processo de mudança linguística atípico, que contrasta fundamentalmente com o processo de gramaticalização regular, reconstruído para o perfeito nas outras línguas românicas. Analisamos, não somente as diferentes etapas, assim como os princípios semânticos na base deste processo, mas situamos também as evoluções dentro do modelo de Geeraerts exposto na sua importante obra sobre "a semântica do protótipo diacrônica". Tomando como base a teoria dos protótipos, a dinâmica evolutiva do PPC pode ser conceptualizada como um deslocamento do significado prototípico da categoria verbal, em redor do qual se articula uma rede de significados ou leituras mais ou menos salientes ou periféricas, e que, num processo de reorganização categorial, passa de um centro para outro. O nosso estudo, que analisa as etapas e os princípios da evolução linguística  do PPC entre os séculos XV e XX, se baseia numa pesquisa exaustiva realizada com base no Corpus do Português de Mark Davies e Michael Ferreira.
Unha lingua de signos galega?
Authors: González Abelaira Cristina
Published: August 2016

A publicación no ano 2007 da Lei 27/2007, do 23 de outubro, pola que se recoñecen as linguas de signos españolas e se regulan os medios de apoio á comunicación oral das persoas xordas, con discapacidade auditiva ou xordo-cegas, supuxo o recoñecemento oficial da lingua de signos española (LSE) e da lingua de signos catalá (LSC), así como o dereito a aprendelas e usalas ó lado doutros medios de comunicación orais. Logo dunha reivindicación histórica por parte do colectivo xordo, a lexislación admite a existencia de dúas linguas de signos en España. Ademais, a LSC é oficial en Cataluña dende o ano 2006, a partir da publicación do Estatuto de Autonomía Catalán. Tamén no ano 2010 se publica a Lei 17/2010, de 3 de xuño, da lingua de signos catalá. Porén, nin no ámbito autonómico, nin no estatal se recoñeceu oficialmente unha lingua de signos galega (LSG). Todo apunta a que a diferenciación soamente de dúas linguas de signos no estado español non atende a criterios lingüísticos, senón máis ben políticos e sociais. Unha análise histórica e émica do proceso de planificación lingüística en Galicia a través dunha metodoloxía etnográfica permite observar como se organizou a diversidade lingüística na comunidade e lévanos a concluír que tras a oralización en castelán do colectivo xordo, buscouse unha uniformización lingüística que conduciu á falta de recoñecemento das diferentes variedades lingüísticas, entre elas a galega.
Degradation Signals for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Dependent Cytosolic Protein Quality Control (CytoQC) in Yeast
Authors: Maurer Matthew J , Spear Eric D , Yu Allen T , Lee Evan J , Shahzad Saba , Michaelis Susan
Published: August 2016

Cellular protein quality control (PQC) systems selectively target misfolded or otherwise aberrant proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). How cells discern abnormal from normal proteins remains incompletely understood, but involves in part the recognition between ubiquitin E3 ligases and degradation signals (degrons) that are exposed in misfolded proteins. PQC is compartmentalized in the cell, and a great deal has been learned in recent years about ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and nuclear quality control. In contrast, a comprehensive view of cytosolic quality control (CytoQC) has yet to emerge, and will benefit from the development of a well-defined set of model substrates. In this study, we generated an isogenic “degron library” in Saccharomyces cerevisiae consisting of short sequences appended to the C-terminus of a reporter protein, Ura3. About half of these degron-containing proteins are substrates of the integral membrane E3 ligase Doa10, which also plays a pivotal role in ERAD and some nuclear protein degradation. Notably, some of our degron fusion proteins exhibit dependence on the E3 ligase Ltn1/Rkr1 for degradation, apparently by a mechanism distinct from its known role in ribosomal quality control of translationally paused proteins. Ubr1 and San1, E3 ligases involved in the recognition of some misfolded CytoQC substrates, are largely dispensable for the degradation of our degron-containing proteins. Interestingly, the Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperone/cochaperones Ssa1,2 and Ydj1, are required for the degradation of all constructs tested. Taken together, the comprehensive degron library presented here provides an important resource of isogenic substrates for testing candidate PQC components and identifying new ones.
The Evolution of the FT/TFL1 Genes in Amaranthaceae and Their Expression Patterns in the Course of Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum
Authors: Drabešová Jana , Černá Lucie , Mašterová Helena , Koloušková Pavla , Potocký Martin , Štorchová Helena
Published: August 2016

The FT/TFL1 gene family controls important aspects of plant development: MFT-like genes affect germination, TFL1-like genes act as floral inhibitors, and FT-like genes are floral activators. Gene duplications produced paralogs with modified functions required by the specific lifestyles of various angiosperm species. We constructed the transcriptome of the weedy annual plant Chenopodium rubrum and used it for the comprehensive search for the FT/TFL1 genes. We analyzed their phylogenetic relationships across Amaranthaceae and all angiosperms. We discovered a very ancient phylogenetic clade of FT genes represented by the CrFTL3 gene of C. rubrum. Another paralog CrFTL2 showed an unusual structural rearrangement which might have contributed to the functional shift. We examined the transcription patterns of the FT/TFL1 genes during the vegetative growth and floral transition in C. rubrum to get clues about their possible functions. All the genes except for the constitutively expressed CrFTL2 gene, and the CrFTL3 gene, which was transcribed only in seeds, exhibited organ-specific expression influenced by the specific light regime. The CrFTL1 gene was confirmed as a single floral activator from the FT/TFL1 family in C. rubrum. Its floral promoting activity may be counteracted by CrTFL1. C. rubrum emerges as an easily manipulated model for the study of floral induction in weedy fast-cycling plants lacking a juvenile phase.
A Comparative Analysis of 5-Azacytidine- and Zebularine-Induced DNA Demethylation
Authors: Griffin Patrick T , Niederhuth Chad E , Schmitz Robert J
Published: August 2016

The nonmethylable cytosine analogs, 5-azacytidine and zebularine, are widely used to inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity and reduce genomic DNA methylation. In this study, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing is used to construct maps of DNA methylation with single base pair resolution in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with each demethylating agent. We find that both inhibitor treatments result in nearly indistinguishable patterns of genome-wide DNA methylation and that 5-azacytidine had a slightly greater demethylating effect at higher concentrations across the genome. Transcriptome analyses revealed a substantial number of upregulated genes, with an overrepresentation of transposable element genes, in particular CACTA-like elements. This demonstrates that chemical demethylating agents have a disproportionately large effect on loci that are otherwise silenced by DNA methylation.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Female Infertility in Inbred Mice
Authors: Liu Ji-Long , Wang Tong-Song , Zhao Miao
Published: August 2016

The genetic factors underlying female infertility in humans are only partially understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of female infertility in 25 inbred mouse strains by using publicly available SNP data. As a result, a total of four SNPs were identified after chromosome-wise multiple test correction. The first SNP rs29972765 is located in a gene desert on chromosome 18, about 72 kb upstream of Skor2 (SKI family transcriptional corepressor 2). The second SNP rs30415957 resides in the intron of Plce1 (phospholipase C epsilon 1). The remaining two SNPs (rs30768258 and rs31216810) are close to each other on chromosome 19, in the vicinity of Sorbs1 (sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1). Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that Sorbs1 is highly expressed in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation. Knockdown of Sorbs1 by siRNA attenuates the induction of differentiation marker gene Prl8a2 (decidual prolactin-related protein) in an in vitro model of decidualization using mouse endometrial stromal cells, suggesting that Sorbs1 may be a potential candidate gene for female infertility in mice. Our results may represent an opportunity to further understand female infertility in humans.
Genome-Wide Divergence in the West-African Malaria Vector Anopheles melas
Authors: Deitz Kevin C , Athrey Giridhar A , Jawara Musa , Overgaard Hans J , Matias Abrahan , Slotman Michel A
Published: August 2016

Anopheles melas is a member of the recently diverged An. gambiae species complex, a model for speciation studies, and is a locally important malaria vector along the West-African coast where it breeds in brackish water. A recent population genetic study of An. melas revealed species-level genetic differentiation between three population clusters. An. melas West extends from The Gambia to the village of Tiko, Cameroon. The other mainland cluster, An. melas South, extends from the southern Cameroonian village of Ipono to Angola. Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea An. melas populations are genetically isolated from mainland populations. To examine how genetic differentiation between these An. melas forms is distributed across their genomes, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of genetic differentiation and selection using whole genome sequencing data of pooled individuals (Pool-seq) from a representative population of each cluster. The An. melas forms exhibit high levels of genetic differentiation throughout their genomes, including the presence of numerous fixed differences between clusters. Although the level of divergence between the clusters is on a par with that of other species within the An. gambiae complex, patterns of genome-wide divergence and diversity do not provide evidence for the presence of pre- and/or postmating isolating mechanisms in the form of speciation islands. These results are consistent with an allopatric divergence process with little or no introgression.
Prasmė – prasmės ieška – gyvenimo prasmė (2)
Authors: Wagner Harold
Published: August 2016

Filosofija ir teologija yra mokslo disciplinos, iš esmės prisidedančios prie prasmės klausimo sprendimo. Šių mokslų argumentai yra labai abstraktaus lygmens ir nutolę nuo kasdienio gyvenimo. Vis dėlto galiausiai ir šios abi disciplinos privalo teikti atsakymus žmonių kasdienybei. Antrajame esė siekiama supažindinti su abiejų disciplinų argumentacijos lygmeniu, kad vėlesni svarstymai (trečiasis esė) apie žmonių gyvenimo prasmę remtųsi pagrįstomis išvadomis.
Mokinių santykiai kaip edukologijos tyrimo objektas globalizacijos sąlygomis
Authors: Aramavičiūtė Vanda , Martišauskienė Elvyda
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje pirmiausia aptariama kultūra globalizacijos kontekste ir apibūdinama globalizuotos kultūros įtaka žmonių santykiams kaip jų dvasingumo raiškai. Remiantis skirtingomis teorijomis (personalizmo, humanizmo, egzistencializmo, neotomizmo ), santykiai su žmonėmis laikyti išskirtine žmogaus dvasinio pasaulio raiškos sritimi. Kai šie santykiai sutrinka ar nutrūksta, žmogus tarsi netenka gyvenimo prasmės, susvetimėja, kitaip ima žiūrėti ir į save. Pasikeitęs santykis su savimi gali turėti jtakos ir santykiams su kitais žmonėmis. Kadangi globalizuota kultūra skatina tarpininkaujamo bendravimo įsigalėjimą, galintį suponuoti santykius, menkai grindžiamus moralinėmis vertybėmis ar net perdėm individualistinius, todėl svarbu žinoti, kokie santykiai vyrauja skirtingo amžiaus mokinių bendruomenėse ir kokiomis vertybėmis jie grindžiami. Šiuo požiūriu dėmesys visų pirma atkreiptinas i santykių humaniškumą kaip esminį santykių brandos kriterijų). Todėl pasinaudojant empiriniais tyrimų duomenimis šiame straipsnyje taip pat siekiama atskleisti paauglių (VII-IX klasių mokinių) ir vyresniųjų mokinių (X-XI klasių) santykių su kitais žmonėmis ir savimi ypatumus ir išryškinti šių santykių priklausomybę nuo amžiaus ir lyties. Tyrimo duomenys parodė, kad nors vyresniųjų mokinių) ir jiems artimų žmonių (tėvų, bendraamžių ir mokytojų) santykiai nėra labai humaniški, tačiau svarbiausia gerinti vyresniųjų mokinių ir jų tėvų bei bendraamžių santykius. Be to, vyresniųjų mokinių santykis su savimi yra prastesnis nei jų santykiai su bendraamžiais. Antra vertus, nors mergaičių santykiai su savimi ir kitais asmenimis yra humaniškesni, bet mergaitės išreiškė ir stipresnį humaniškesnių santykių su mokytojais troškimų nei vaikinai. Paauglių ir jiems artimų žmonių, panašiai kaip ir vyresniųjų mokinių ir kitų žmonių santykiai, taip pat nėra pakankamai humaniški. Antra vertus, paauglių ir jų motinų bei mokytojų santykiai buvo humaniškesni nei su bendraamžiais ar savimi. Tačiau šie santykiai neaprėpia visų edukacinio proceso dalyvių ir negarantuoja, kad tokie pat santykiai yra palaikomi su skirtingo amžiaus jaunimo atstovais. Todėl ypač svarbu, kad stiprėtų šio amžiaus mokinių santykių humaniškumo, pagrindinės dvasingumo išraiškos, tendencija.
Profesinis konsultavimas ir orientavimas šiuolaikinio profesinio rengimo kontekste
Authors: Barkauskaitė Marija
Published: August 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos profesinio konsultavimo ir orientavimo problemos Lietuvoje transformacijų laikotarpiu. Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje akivaizdus valstybės ir visuomenės suartėjimas. Švietimo pokyčiai įpareigoja kokybiškai spręsti ateities problemas. Teisingas profesinis apsisprendimas ir kokybiškas rengimasis profesijai gali sudaryti konkurencinį pranašumą globalioje erdvėje. Todėl laiku ir kokybiškas profesinis konsultavimas- vienas iš svarbiausių garantų siekiant asmens ir visuomenės poreikių tenkinimo.
Improvement in Patient Transfer Process From the Operating Room to the PICU Using a Lean and Six Sigma–Based Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Gleich Stephen J. , Nemergut Michael E. , Stans Anthony A. , Haile Dawit T. , Feigal Scott A. , Heinrich Angela L. , Bosley Christopher L. , Tripathi Sandeep
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Ineffective and inefficient patient transfer processes can increase the chance of medical errors. Improvements in such processes are high-priority local institutional and national patient safety goals. At our institution, nonintubated postoperative pediatric patients are first admitted to the postanesthesia care unit before transfer to the PICU. This quality improvement project was designed to improve the patient transfer process from the operating room (OR) to the PICU.

METHODS:

After direct observation of the baseline process, we introduced a structured, direct OR-PICU transfer process for orthopedic spinal fusion patients. We performed value stream mapping of the process to determine error-prone and inefficient areas. We evaluated primary outcome measures of handoff error reduction and the overall efficiency of patient transfer process time. Staff satisfaction was evaluated as a counterbalance measure.

RESULTS:

With the introduction of the new direct OR-PICU patient transfer process, the handoff communication error rate improved from 1.9 to 0.3 errors per patient handoff (P = .002). Inefficiency (patient wait time and non–value-creating activity) was reduced from 90 to 32 minutes. Handoff content was improved with fewer information omissions (P < .001). Staff satisfaction significantly improved among nearly all PICU providers.

CONCLUSIONS:

By using quality improvement methodology to design and implement a new direct OR-PICU transfer process with a structured multidisciplinary verbal handoff, we achieved sustained improvements in patient safety and efficiency. Handoff communication was enhanced, with fewer errors and content omissions. The new process improved efficiency, with high staff satisfaction.
Failure to Thrive Hospitalizations and Risk Factors for Readmission to Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Puls Henry T. , Hall Matthew , Bettenhausen Jessica , Johnson Matthew B. , Peacock Christina , Raphael Jean L. , Newland Jason G. , Colvin Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Risk factors for failure to thrive (FTT) readmissions, including medical complexity, have not been described. We sought to characterize children hospitalized for FTT and identify risk factors associated with FTT-specific readmissions during the current era of increasing medical complexity among hospitalized children.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study used the Pediatric Health Information System database of 43 freestanding children’s hospitals across the United States. The cohort included children <2 years of age with index hospitalizations for FTT between 2006 and 2010. The main outcome was FTT-specific readmission within 3 years. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed the association of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics with FTT-specific readmission.

RESULTS:

There were 10 499 FTT hospitalizations, with 14.1% being readmitted for FTT within 3 years and 4.8% within 30 days. Median time to readmission was 66 days (interquartile range, 19–194 days). Nearly one-half of children (40.8%) had at least 1 complex chronic condition (CCC), with 16.4% having ≥2 CCCs. After multivariable modeling, increasing age at admission, median household income in the lowest quartile (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.44]), and prematurity-related CCC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46 [95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.86]) remained significantly associated with readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nearly one-half of children hospitalized for FTT had a CCC, and a majority of FTT-specific readmissions occurred after the traditional 30-day window. Children with prematurity-related conditions and low median household income represent unique populations at risk for FTT readmissions.
Improving Safe Sleep Practices for Hospitalized Infants
Authors: Shadman Kristin A. , Wald Ellen R. , Smith Windy , Coller Ryan J.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep practice (SSP) recommendations among hospitalized infants is unknown, but is assumed to be low. This quality improvement study aimed to increase adherence to SSPs for infants admitted to a children’s hospital general care unit between October 2013 and December 2014.

METHODS:

After development of a hospital policy and redesign of room setup processes, a multidisciplinary team developed intervention strategies based on root cause analysis and implemented changes using iterative Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles. Nurse knowledge was assessed before and after education. SSPs were measured continuously with room audits during sleeping episodes. Statistical process control and run charts identified improvements and sustainability in hospital SSPs. Caregiver home practices after discharge were assessed via structured questionnaires before and after intervention.

RESULTS:

Nursing knowledge of SSPs increased significantly for each item (P ≤ .001) except avoidance of bed sharing. Audits were completed for 316 sleep episodes. Simultaneous adherence to all SSP recommendations improved significantly from 0% to 26.9% after intervention. Significant improvements were noted in individual practices, including maintaining a flat, empty crib, with an appropriately bundled infant. The largest gains were noted in the proportion of empty cribs (from 3.4% to 60.3% after intervention, P < .001). Improvements in caregiver home practices after discharge were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sustained improvements in hospital SSPs were achieved through this quality improvement initiative, with opportunity for continued improvement. Nurse knowledge increased during the intervention. It is uncertain whether these findings translate to changes in caregiver home practices after discharge.
Tests and standards for express-control of physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils
Authors: Bodnar I.R. , Andres A.S.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: to day, physical fitness testing often causes negative emotions in pupils. It results in sharp loss of pupils’ wish to fulfill physical exercises in free time and worsens their health. Possibility to assess health level is an important motivation factor for pupils’ passing physical tests. Objective testing system will form positive motivation for physical exercises’ practicing and will facilitate increase of pupils’ motor functioning. It will also facilitate optimization of their physical condition, improvement of physical fitness and strengthening of health. Material: we tested physical fitness level and made diagnosis of pupils’ functional state (10-15 years’ age; n=85) with the help of tool methodic. We also used regressive analysis. Results: the system of tests and standards for express-control over physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils has been worked out and substantiated. The system of tests envisages fulfillment of 4 exercises: back pressing ups on bench during 20 seconds; throwing and catching of ball with two hands from wall during 30 seconds; side bending; torso rising from lying position into sitting during 30 seconds. Integral indicator of pupils’ physical fitness and health correlates with functional state of organism’s leading systems. We worked out 5 levels’ scale for express-control over physical fitness and health of middle school age pupils. The system stipulates calculation of integrative indicator with the help of regression equation by results of 4 test exercises and calculation of one index. Conclusions: The system of tests and standards permits the following: to divide pupils into relatively uniform groups even at the beginning of academic year for successful reasonable physical load. The system also permits to determine standard and find what shall be strived for by a pupil in order to achieve optimal physical fitness and somatic state; to motivate relatively weakly trained pupils for testing and further their physical self-perfection.