bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroelastic analysis of ice shelves under long wave excitation
Authors: Papathanasiou T. K. , Karperaki A. E. , Theotokoglou E. E. , Belibassakis K. A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The transient hydroelastic response of an ice shelf under long wave excitation is analysed by means of the finite element method. The simple model, presented in this work, is used for the simulation of the generated kinematic and stress fields in an ice shelf, when the latter interacts with a tsunami wave. The ice shelf, being of large length compared to its thickness, is modelled as an elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam, constrained at the grounding line. The hydrodynamic field is represented by the linearised shallow water equations. The numerical solution is based on the development of a special hydroelastic finite element for the system of governing of equations. Motivated by the 2011 Sulzberger Ice Shelf (SIS) calving event and its correlation with the Honshu Tsunami, the SIS stable configuration is studied. The extreme values of the bending moment distribution in both space and time are examined. Finally, the location of these extrema is investigated for different values of ice shelf thickness and tsunami wave length.
Zona de Educação para o Ecodesenvolvimento: aproximação da Universidade com a Comunidade
Authors: Alcântara Liliane Cristine Schlemer , Pellin Valdinho , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Souza Cristiane Mansur de Moraes
Published: May 2015

Diante da problemática ambiental, o ecodesenvolvimento e os arranjos socioprodutivos de base comunitária (APLs.Com) se apresentam como uma estratégia de conservação de modos de vida e da biodiversidade, oportunizando às pequenas comunidades geração de trabalho e renda e desenvolvimento local. Tem-se como objetivo sistematizar o esforço de pesquisa ao redor de uma Zona de Educação para o Ecodesenvolvimento (ZEE), Morretes, Paraná, e analisar o papel da universidade enquanto indutor de desenvolvimento territorial. Valeu-se da pesquisa documental a partir de relatórios de estágio, dissertações e tese, projetos de pesquisa e extensão, derivados de estudos e práticas realizados na ZEE, ocorrida entre os anos de 2006 e 2014. Identificaram-se neste período três relatórios de estágio, doze dissertações, uma tese, dezenove projetos de pesquisa e onze de extensão. Verificou-se o importante papel da universidade nas discussões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento territorial, utilizando-se principalmente de abordagem interdiciplinar, com vocação transdiciplinar, característica das ZEE, sendo possível integrar teoria e prática e, portanto, contribuindo significativamente para fomentar o desenvolvimento em localidades com vulnerabilidades.
Cobrança pelo uso da água no Brasil: uma revisão metodológica
Authors: Finkler Nícolas Reinaldo , Mendes Ludmilson Abritta , Bortolin Taison Anderson , Schneider Vania Elisabete
Published: May 2015

A aplicação de instrumentos econômicos na gestão das águas tem como princípio incentivar a forma racional dos padrões de consumo do bem. Nesta linha a Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, na busca de atribuir um valor econômico à água, introduziu a cobrança pelo uso dela nas Bacias Hidrográficas (BCH) no Brasil. Esta revisão metodológica apresenta as metodologias de cobrança pelo uso da água atualmente empregadas em águas de domínio da União, bem como a arrecadação gerada e os investimentos realizados nas respectivas BCH. No Brasil, o instrumento é empregado nas BCH do Rio Paraíba do Sul, dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí, do Rio São Francisco e do Rio Doce. Também no Estado do Ceará, pioneiro no país, a cobrança é aplicada pelo uso da água, porém conceitualmente diferenciada. Verificou-se que em todas as BCH de águas com domínio da União, o modelo de cobrança segue a mesma estruturação, considerando todos os tipos de usos de água, principalmente a captação, o consumo e o lançamento de efluentes. Ainda, cada parcela considera os volumes utilizados, o preço unitário pelo uso, os coeficientes próprios e relativos à gestão da BCH. Por outro lado, a cobrança pelo uso da água bruta no Estado do Ceará apresenta-se baseada no atual sistema de tarifação e é definida somente com base na água consumida. A arrecadação setorial apresentou-se variável, no entanto, pode-se citar como setores com maior potencial de arrecadação, o de saneamento básico e o industrial. Ainda, verificou-se que os investimentos realizados com recursos obtidos com a cobrança vêm sendo aplicados, em sua maioria, a ações estruturais que envolvem a recuperação dos recursos hídricos, tais como estações de tratamento e redes de coleta e afastamento de efluentes.
Levantamento e representatividade das Unidades de Conservação instituídas no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Martins Larissa , Marenzi Rosemeri Carvalho , Lima Amanda De
Published: May 2015

O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (UCs) constitui-se em uma das mais importantes políticas públicas de proteção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, este estudo teve o intuito de levantar as UCs criadas nas três esferas governamentais no estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso, foram realizadas consultas à legislação e sites oficiais dos órgãos ambientais pertinentes; aos técnicos da Fundação do Meio Ambiente de Santa Catarina (FATMA) e a bibliografias disponíveis. Verificou-se que Santa Catarina possui 16 UCs federais e 10 UCs estaduais, sendo ainda prevista a instituição de duas UCs estaduais pela FATMA. Em relação às RPPNs, Santa Catarina possui 56 unidades federais e quatro estaduais, duplicando seu número a cada cinco anos desde a década de 1990. Porém, no que tange as UCs municipais, existem 163 áreas protegidas, muitas das quais não são reconhecidas como categorias de UCs e não implantadas efetivamente (65 UCs enquadradas e 98 não enquadradas no Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação). Isso indica uma grande fragilidade no que se refere à gestão ambiental municipal e à proteção da biodiversidade local.
A perspectiva da mídia online sobre os acidentes entre veículos e animais em rodovias brasileiras: uma questão de segurança?
Authors: Freitas Simone Rodrigues de , Barszcz Leonardo Beltrão
Published: May 2015

As colisões entre veículos e animais são um problema de segurança pública e de conservação da biodiversidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os acidentes causados por colisões entre veículos e animais, analisando os animais envolvidos, o número de mortos e feridos, além da distribuição espacial e temporal desses acidentes no Brasil. Para tanto, utilizamos como método de amostragem notícias, disponíveis na internet, de acidentes entre veículos e animais registrados no Brasil no período de cinco anos. Analisamos 125 acidentes, que envolveram 135 animais, tendo como consequência 66 pessoas mortas, 166 feridos e 73 animais mortos. O principal resultado foi que a maioria dos acidentes envolveu animais domésticos, acarretando, principalmente, em pessoas feridas. No entanto, os acidentes com animais silvestres levaram mais pessoas a óbito, particularmente aqueles envolvendo capivaras. Além disso, discutimos as medidas mitigadoras mais adequadas e quais setores econômicos poderiam se interessar pelo tema.
The Payments for Environmental Services Program in Costa Rica: an Assessment of the Program’s Early Years
Authors: Fonseca Carolina Antony , Drummond José Augusto
Published: May 2015

O Programa de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais (PESP) da Costa Rica foi lançado em 1997. Trata-se de uma política orientada para o mercado que visa estimular a conservação de florestas por meio de pagamentos feitos diretamente a donos de terras que optam voluntariamente por não se engajar em ações de desmatamento ou que se engajam em ações de recuperação florestal ou de plantios de árvores. Este artigo focaliza os conceitos básicos do programa e no seu desempenho em seus primeiros anos, usando como bases dados publicados pela gerência do programa e um número restrito dos numerosos textos que analisam e avaliam essa experiência pioneira em PSA. Os achados mostram que o programa conseguiu reverter um quadro agudo de desmatamento que vinha ocorrendo desde a década de 1960; entre 1997 e 2003, aproximadamente, contribuiu até para uma expansão líquida da área florestada do país. Além disso, ele corrigiu falhas de mercado e criou oportunidades para transações ligadas ao mercado de serviços ambientais. Foi constatado ainda que os maiores donos de terra engajados no programa foram beneficiados de uma forma mais do que proporcional aos seus números e que isso impediu que o programa assumisse o caráter simultâneo de mitigação da pobreza rural. A conclusão é que o programa, se direcionado com maior precisão para os pequenos proprietários de terra, é justificadamente adotado como referência e modelo para políticas comparáveis de proteção florestal em países em desenvolvimento, reduzindo os índices de desmatamento, mudando usos da terra, expandindo a cobertura florestal e mitigando a pobreza rural.
Efeito multiplicador do turismo na fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai
Authors: Pereira Cristina Horst , Martins Patrícia Cristina Statella , Lunas José Roberto Da Silva , De Aquino Juliana Maria
Published: May 2015

O Brasil tem 27% de seu território formado por faixa fronteiriça, e boa parte se encontra no Mato Grosso do Sul. Os municípios de Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai), desenvolveram o turismo de compras em decorrência de seu intenso comércio internacional. Com o objetivo de unir ambos os comércios em uma mesma ação, em 2012 houve a primeira edição do evento Black Friday na fronteira. Buscando entender o impacto do evento, propôs-se esta pesquisa, que objetiva a definição de quais seriam os multiplicadores econômicos para efeito do planejamento do turismo em Ponta Porã. Os objetivos secundários foram os de identificar os efeitos multiplicadores do turismo gerados em decorrência da realização do evento e apresentar um escopo de indicador para acompanhar o evento no futuro. Na metodologia se empregou a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários. Nos resultados identificaram-se os impactos econômicos diretos para a economia nacional, e concluiu-se que o melhor escopo de indicador encontrado foi a mensuração dos gastos realizados pelos visitantes diretamente no Brasil.
A experiência e o flanar como categorias críticas na reflexão das interfaces entre Turismo e Educação
Authors: Pulita Edemir José
Published: May 2015

Este artigo está baseado em uma análise dos atos de conhecer e de sobreviver na história da humanidade, na qual buscou-se refletir a respeito destas ações/categorias visando analisar as interfaces possíveis entre a Educação e o Turismo a elas relacionado. A partir desta reflexão pretendeu-se problematizar os links possíveis entre essas duas áreas de conhecimento, propondo-se especificamente a análise a partir dos conceitos de experiência e de flanar, fundamentados em Walter Benjamin (1994). Baseando-se na perspectiva de pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem sócio-histórica, vislumbram-se diferentes possibilidades de análises abrangentes e convergentes dos fenômenos turístico e educacional para as categorias citadas. Tal reflexão mostra-se como uma crítica pertinente tanto das experiências e análises educacionais quanto das questões turísticas na atualidade, apontando-se para a necessidade de reformulação de conceitos e estratégias de análises e de práticas em ambos os campos do conhecimento. A partir da reflexão proposta, vislumbra-se uma contribuição para se avançar na problematização de questões educacionais e turísticas sob novas perspectivas de análise, respondendo a questões atuais em ambos os fenômenos.
Transformações do bairro da Vila Olímpia em São Paulo, Brasil (2000 a 2013) e as percepções da hospitalidade no espaço urbano.
Authors: Gonzalez Luciana Lagares , Cabianca Maria Ângela De Abreu
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo teve-se por objetivo analisar as percepções de moradores e trabalhadores do bairro da Vila Olímpia na cidade de São Paulo (Brasil), entre os anos de 2000 e 2013, tendo como recorte geográfico as Ruas Quatá, Olimpíadas, Vicente Pinzón, Dr. Cardoso de Melo e Avenida Santo Amaro e ainda, associar essas percepções às dimensões da hospitalidade exercida em espaços urbanos. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, apoiada por entrevistas com moradores/trabalhadores do Bairro há pelo menos quinze anos. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram confirmar que as dimensões de acessibilidade, legibilidade e identidade estão presentes na Vila Olímpia. Apesar de revelarem uma nova percepção da hospitalidade do bairro, os entrevistados demonstraram preferência pelos novos espaços, nos quais afirmaram possuir maior praticidade e valorização social, o que demonstrou ter se estabelecido uma nova relação de hospitalidade.
Turismo de Estudos e Intercâmbio: Antes, Durante e Depois - Uma análise sobre ex-intercambistas da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brasil).
Authors: Coelli Thiago
Published: May 2015

Participar de um programa de intercâmbio internacional é atualmente uma das principais metas do estudante universitário durante sua formação acadêmica. No entanto, os diferentes aspectos que envolvem esse tipo de intercâmbio ainda são pouco estudados em Universidades Brasileiras. No presente artigo se teve como objetivo avaliar as relações existentes em um intercâmbio de estudos realizado por alunos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) - Minas Gerais (Brasil), nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Neste trabalho se discute inicialmente o conceito de Intercâmbio de Estudos e o seu crescimento no Brasil, assim como na UFJF. Enquanto pesquisa teórica, no artigo se utiliza notadamente das noções de ritual e cultura. Na parte documental e prática, os rituais e as construções dos relatos de viagens são estudados através de experiências próprias e de narrativas de ex-intercambistas sobre os preparativos pré-viagem, os acontecimentos durante a viagem, como também os resultados pós-viagem. Para tal fim, um questionário foi aplicado a um grupo de alunos que vivenciaram a realidade do intercâmbio estudantil através da UFJF com destino a universidades do exterior. Foi perceptível a necessidade de preparação por parte dos envolvidos, seja ela emocional, financeira e até mesmo burocrática para que a experiência transcorresse sem maiores percalços. Os resultados aqui apresentados, decorrentes da experiência de um intercâmbio estudantil pelo olhar de alguns intercambistas, ajudam a compreender melhor os fatos que se passam no universo desse intercâmbio e os possíveis impactos na área de Intercâmbio de Estudos.
O Planejamento Participativo em Ecoturismo: Estudo de Caso do Parque Estadual “Carlos Botelho” (São Paulo, Brasil)
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Da Silva , Camargo Luiz Octávio De Lima , Bueno Marielys Siqueira
Published: May 2015

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o planejamento participativo no Projeto de Ecoturismo na área de influência do Parque Estadual “Carlos Botelho” (São Paulo, Brasil), do ponto de vista dos participantes. Metodologicamente, optou-se por técnicas qualitativas como o estudo de caso e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco participantes representativos de cada um dos segmentos de público envolvidos. Verificou-se que a gestão do Parque possui estreita relação com seu entorno devido ao longo trabalho de cooperação com o município de São Miguel Arcanjo e com as ações do Projeto de Ecoturismo que possibilitaram estreitar a participação e engajamento com os municípios de Tapiraí, Capão Bonito e Sete Barras. Embora o Projeto tenha possibilitado a participação de lideranças formais e informais, inclusive da cadeia produtiva do turismo, constatou-se a dificuldade em gerir este envolvimento e em colocar em prática as decisões tomadas nos processos participativos.
Editorial
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: May 2015

Editorial da Revista Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 7, número 4, outubro de 2014.
Spatial and temporal contrasts in the distribution of crops and pastures across Amazonia: A new agricultural land use data set from census data since 1950
Authors: Imbach P. , Manrow M. , Barona E. , Barretto A. , Hyman G. , Ciais P.
Published: May 2015

Amazonia holds the largest continuous area of tropical forests with intense land use change dynamics inducing water, carbon, and energy feedbacks with regional and global impacts. Much of our knowledge of land use change in Amazonia comes from studies of the Brazilian Amazon, which accounts for two thirds of the region. Amazonia outside of Brazil has received less attention because of the difficulty of acquiring consistent data across countries. We present here an agricultural statistics database of the entire Amazonia region, with a harmonized description of crops and pastures in geospatial format, based on administrative boundary data at the municipality level. The spatial coverage includes countries within Amazonia and spans censuses and surveys from 1950 to 2012. Harmonized crop and pasture types are explored by grouping annual and perennial cropping systems, C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, planted and natural pastures, and main crops. Our analysis examined the spatial pattern of ratios between classes of the groups and their correlation with the agricultural extent of crops and pastures within administrative units of the Amazon, by country, and census/survey dates. Significant correlations were found between all ratios and the fraction of agricultural lands of each administrative unit, with the exception of planted to natural pastures ratio and pasture lands extent. Brazil and Peru in most cases have significant correlations for all ratios analyzed even for specific census and survey dates. Results suggested improvements, and potential applications of the database for carbon, water, climate, and land use change studies are discussed. The database presented here provides an Amazon‐wide improved data set on agricultural dynamics with expanded temporal and spatial coverage.
The impact of a catastrophic mine tailings impoundment spill into one of North America's largest fjord lakes: Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Petticrew Ellen L. , Albers Sam J. , Baldwin Susan A. , Carmack Eddy C. , Déry Stephen J. , Gantner Nikolaus , Graves Kelly E. , Laval Bernard , Morrison John , Owens Philip N. , Selbie Daniel T. , Vagle Svein
Published: May 2015

On 4 August 2014, a catastrophic breach of the Mount Polley mine tailings impoundment released ~25 M m3 of tailings and water and scoured an unknown quantity of overburden into the West Basin of Quesnel Lake. We document Quesnel Lake and Quesnel River observations for 2 months postspill. Breach inflows raised Quesnel Lake by 7.7 cm, equivalent to ~21 M m3. The West Basin hypolimnion was modified immediately, exhibiting increased temperature (~5°C to 6–7.5°C), conductivity (110 to 160 μS/cm), and turbidity (<1 to 200–1000 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)). Cooscillating seiches moved West Basin hypolimnetic water both westward and eastward contaminating the Main Basin. Postspill, high‐turbidity water propagated eastward (~1 cm/s), introducing a persistent ~20 m thick layer below the thermocline and an ~30 m thick layer at the bottom. The contaminant introduction, mobilization, and bioaccumulation may pose risks to resident and anadromous fish stocks, which support recreational, commercial, and First Nations fisheries.
Validating satellite altimeter measurements of internal tides with long‐term TAO/TRITON buoy observations at 2°S–156°E
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Hui , Wang Dong‐Ping , Chen Dake
Published: May 2015

Satellite altimetry is regularly used to map the global distribution of mode‐1 internal tides. Validating altimeter measurements of internal tides with in situ data is difficult as the mooring observations typically are too short compared with the altimetry. Here taking advantage of the long‐term (since 1999) Tropical Atmosphere‐Ocean/Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON) buoy observations at 2°S–156°E located at a TOPEX/Poseidon crossover in a region of strong internal tides, direct comparisons are made between altimeter and in situ measurements over a common 15 year period. The hourly buoy data are decimated every 9.9 day to emulate altimeter measurements. The altimeter and decimated buoy data are highly coherent at the aliased semidiurnal period (~60 day), and they agree well for the stationary semidiurnal internal tide. For the nonstationary internal tide, which consists of a significant annual cycle, the demodulated amplitude from the altimeter appears to be contaminated by nontidal signals. The demodulated amplitude from the decimated buoy data, on the other hand, is capable of resolving the temporal variability. This suggests the potential of mapping nonstationary internal tides from satellites.
Transpressional segment boundaries in strike‐slip fault systems offshore southern California: Implications for fluid expulsion and cold seep habitats
Authors: Maloney Jillian M. , Grupe Benjamin M. , Pasulka Alexis L. , Dawson Katherine S. , Case David H. , Frieder Christina A. , Levin Lisa A. , Driscoll Neal W.
Published: May 2015

The importance of tectonics and fluid flow in controlling cold seep habitats has long been appreciated at convergent margins but remains poorly understood in strike‐slip systems. Here we present geophysical, geochemical, and biological data from an active methane seep offshore from Del Mar, California, in the inner California borderlands (ICB). The location of this seep appears controlled by localized transpression associated with a step in the San Diego Trough fault zone and provides an opportunity to examine the interplay between fluid expulsion and restraining step overs along strike‐slip fault systems. These segment boundaries may have important controls on seep locations in the ICB and other margins characterized by strike‐slip faulting (e.g., Greece, Sea of Marmara, and Caribbean). The strike‐slip fault systems offshore southern California appear to have a limited distribution of seep sites compared to a wider distribution at convergent plate boundaries, which may influence seep habitat diversity and connectivity.
Tumor Intracellular‐Environment Responsive Materials Shielded Nano‐Complexes for Highly Efficient Light‐Triggered Gene Delivery without Cargo Gene Damage
Authors: Park Sin‐jung , Park Wooram , Na Kun
Published: May 2015

Gene therapy has great potential to bring tremendous improvement to cancer therapy. Recently, photochemical internalization (PCI) has provided the opportunity to overcome endo‐lysosomal sequestration, which is one of the main bottlenecks in both gene and chemotherapeutic delivery. Despite PCI having shown great potential in gene delivery systems, it still remains difficult to perform due to the photo‐oxidation of exogenous cargo genes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from activated photosensitizers (PSs). In this paper, a new type of a stable light‐triggered gene delivery system is demonstrated based on endo‐lysosomal pH‐responsive polymeric PSs, which serve as shielding material for the polymer/gene complex. By taking advantage of the endo‐lysosomal pH‐sensitive de‐shielding ability of the pH‐responsive shielding material incorporated in the ternary gene complexes (pH‐TCs), a more significant photo‐triggered gene expression effect is achieved without damage to the gene from ROS. In contrast, pH‐insensitive material‐shielded nanocarriers cause photo‐oxidation of the payload and do not generate a notable transfection efficacy. Importantly, with the benefit of our newly developed gene delivery system, the deep penetration issue can be resolved. Finally, the light‐triggered gene delivery system using pH‐TCs is applied to deliver the therapeutic p53 gene in melanoma K‐1735 bearing mice, showing excellent therapeutic potential for cancer.
Crystallization Properties of the Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase‐Change Compound from Advanced Simulations
Authors: Ronneberger Ider , Zhang Wei , Eshet Hagai , Mazzarello Riccardo
Published: May 2015

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is an important phase‐change material used in optical and electronic memory devices. In this work, crystal growth of GST at 600 K is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics. Simulations of two different crystallization processes are performed. In the first set of simulations, the growth of crystalline nuclei generated using the metadynamics method is studied. In the second set, models containing a planar amorphous–crystalline interface are considered and the crystallization at the interface is investigated. The extracted crystal growth velocities are in the range of 1 m s−1 in both cases and compare well with recent experimental measurements. It is also found that GST crystallizes into a disordered cubic phase in all the simulations.
Directed Neural Stem Cell Differentiation with a Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Weaver Cassandra L. , Cui Xinyan Tracy
Published: May 2015

Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has the potential to restore function to diseased or damaged nervous tissue, but poor control over cell survival, differentiation, and maturation limits therapeutic prospects. Engineered scaffolds that have the ability to drive neural stem cell behavior can address these limitations facing cell transplantation. Conducting polymers, which have the ability to electrically interface with cells, are attractive scaffolding candidates, but they lack the capacity for simple covalent modification, which would enable surface patterning of biomolecules. In this work, the NSC scaffolding performance of a nanocomposite composed of conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GO/PEDOT) is investigated. The GO/PEDOT material is nontoxic and improves NSC differentiation toward the neuronal lineage. Biomolecules interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) that selectively promote neuronal or oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation, respectively, are covalently cross‐linked to the surface of the GO/PEDOT nanocomposite via carboxylic acid functional groups provided by GO using carbodiimide chemistry. The surfaces support a larger population of neurons when modified with IFNγ and a larger population of oligodendrocytes when modified by PDGF. This work demonstrates the customizability of GO/PEDOT for cell scaffolding applications and underlines its potential for controlling NSC behavior to improve therapeutic potential.
Micro‐ and Nanostructured Surfaces for Selective Solar Absorption
Authors: Khodasevych Iryna E. , Wang Liping , Mitchell Arnan , Rosengarten Gary
Published: May 2015

Efficient absorption of solar radiation is desired for the renewable energy sector, such as solar thermophotovoltaics and solar thermal applications. In order to minimize thermal re‐radiation, wavelength‐selective devices are required. Absorbers with structured surfaces are attractive because they derive their electromagnetic properties to a greater extent from their geometry and to a lesser extent from the intrinsic properties of the constituent materials. Thus, they offer greater flexibility in the design and control of absorber features and can be tailored to suit requirements. This article reviews various classes of patterned structures: photonic crystals, metal–dielectric–metal slab arrays, metamaterials, and nanostructures operating in the visible and infrared wavelength ranges. Operation requirements, design principles and underlying physical phenomena, material and temperature considerations, as well as fabrication methods are discussed. Recent progress in achieving various desirable absorber features, such as broadband and multiband operation, polarization and angle independence, flexibility, and tunability is presented. Suggestions are also given regarding future research directions.
Paprika rhinoconjunctivitis case reveals new occupational Capsicum allergens
Authors: Airaksinen Liisa , Riekki Riitta , Vuokko Aki , Puustinen Anne
Published: May 2015

No allergens related to paprika or cayenne respiratory allergy have been identified thus far. We describe a previously healthy 28‐year woman who developed work‐related rhinoconjunctivitis after four years of kebab‐restaurant work. The allergy was studied using skin prick tests, serum specific IgE and nasal provocation tests. Specific IgE protein reactions were studied by Western blot analysis. Paprika, cayenne and curry allergens were identified from the strongest immunoblot bands using tandem mass spectrometry. A positive skin prick test, high specific IgE and positive nasal provocation test confirmed occupational rhinoconjunctivitis from Capsicum spices. Defensin J1 and Vicilin were identified as major paprika and cayenne allergens in this case. Vicilin was detected also from the curry ingredients. Two new occupational respiratory allergens from the Capsicum species were identified. These differ from previously reported bell pepper allergens. We emphasize that substantial spice handling at work poses an allergy risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:791–794, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial trisomy of 11q23.3‐q25 inherited from a maternal low‐level mosaic unbalanced translocation
Authors: Choi Jungyoon , Lee Hojung , Lee Cha Gon
Published: May 2015

Partial trisomy of 11q is characterized by pre/postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, cognitive disability, abnormal muscle tone, inguinal hernia, and possible congenital heart defects. Here, we describe a 17‐year‐old male with a 17.77 Mb‐sized [arr 11q23.3‐q25 (116,667,559 –134,434,130) ×3] partial trisomy resulting from the unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. The terminal translocation was detected using oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmation. The partial trisomy was inherited from his mother who had the low‐level (22.7%) mosaic unbalanced translocation and a normal phenotype. The patient showed most of the common features of partial trisomy 11q syndrome, with additional findings, including mesenteric fibromatosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial trisomy 21: A fifty‐year follow‐up visit
Authors: Hamm J. Austin , Carroll Andrew J. , Mikhail Fady M. , Korf Bruce R. , Finley Wayne H.
Published: May 2015

We describe a clinical encounter with family members that carry a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 15 and 21 roughly 50 years after the proband was diagnosed with partial trisomy 21 due to an unbalanced translocation. We discuss how these chromosomal rearrangements have impacted the lives of these individuals, and how they responded to revisiting their diagnoses after using updated cytogenetic techniques including high resolution chromosome banding and array comparative genomic hybridization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A familial 7q36.3 duplication associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: Wong Keith , Moldrich Randal , Hunter Matthew , Edwards Matthew , Finlay David , O'Donnell Sheridan , MacDougall Tom , Bain Nicole , Kamien Benjamin
Published: May 2015

Small chromosomal duplications involving 7q36.3 have rarely been reported. This clinical report describes four individuals from a three‐generation family with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and a 0.73 Mb duplication of 7q36.3 detected by array CGH. The 7q36.3 duplication involves two genes: RNA Binding Motif Protein 33 (RBM33) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). Most affected family members had mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning, macrocephaly, a broad forehead, and widely spaced eyes. Two individuals had a Chiari type I malformation. This is the first family reported with ACC associated with a small duplication of these genes. While we cannot establish causation for the relationship between any single gene and the ACC in this family, there is a role for SHH in the formation of the corpus callosum through correct patterning and assembly of the commissural plate, and these data concur with vertebrate studies showing that a gain of SHH expands the facial primordium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel splice site mutation in SMARCAL1 results in aberrant exon definition in a child with schimke immunoosseous dysplasia
Authors: Carroll Clinton , Hunley Tracy E. , Guo Yan , Cortez David
Published: May 2015

Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of childhood characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal failure, T‐cell immunodeficiency, and cancer in certain instances. Approximately half of patients with SIOD are reported to have biallelic mutations in SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF‐related matrix‐associated actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a‐like 1), which encodes a DNA translocase that localizes to sites of DNA replication and repairs damaged replication forks. We present a novel mutation (NM_014140.3:c.2070+2insT) that results in defective SMARCAL1 mRNA splicing in a child with SIOD. This mutation, within the donor site of intron 12, results in the skipping of exon 12, which encodes part of a critical hinge region connecting the two lobes of the ATPase domain. This mutation was not recognized as deleterious by diagnostic SMARCAL1 sequencing, but discovered through next generation sequencing and found to result in absent SMARCAL1 expression in patient‐derived lymphoblasts. The splicing defect caused by this mutation supports the concept of exon definition. Furthermore, it illustrates the need to broaden the search for SMARCAL1 mutations in patients with SIOD lacking coding sequence variants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and parental age characteristics of rare copy number variant burden in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Martin Andrew K. , Robinson Gail , Reutens David , Mowry Bryan
Published: May 2015

Copy number variant (CNV) burden, especially for rare deletions, has been associated with risk for schizophrenia as well as phenotypic differences within cognitive and neuroimaging domains. The current study investigated clinical and parental age characteristics of rare CNV burden in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical data was collected for 629 patients with schizophrenia who formed part of a genomewide association study, which included CNV data. Parental age was available for 368 patients. Correlations were calculated between burden scores and positive, negative, and mood symptoms from the Lifetime Diagnostic Psychosis Scale as well as age at onset. Patients were grouped according to number of rare deletions, duplications, or total CNVs and MANOVAs used to investigate differences in clinical and parental age characteristics. Patients with the least number of CNVs had older fathers and larger parental age difference. Patients with no deletions had older mothers and those with five or more deletions had younger mothers. Total deletion, duplication, and CNV burden, as measured by number of base pairs, were not associated with clinical or parental age differences although total rare duplication burden had a negative correlation with positive symptoms that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Likewise, a positive correlation between age at onset and total CNV burden did not survive correction. Rare CNVs are associated with differences in parental age in patients with schizophrenia. No robust clinical differences were identified. However, duplication burden may have a small protective effect against positive symptoms and age at onset may be influenced by total CNV burden. No clinical differences were associated with deletion burden measures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Soil Apparent Electrical Resistivity Contact Sensors for the Extensive Study of Archaeological Sites
Authors: Terrón José María , Mayoral Victorino , Salgado José Ángel , Galea Francisco Antonio , Pérez Víctor Hurtado , Odriozola Carlos , Mateos Pedro , Pizzo Antonio
Published: May 2015

Geoelectrical soil mapping using contact sensors with mobile arrays is a widespread method implemented within Precision Agriculture practices since the 1990s, but only in recent times has it begun to be used extensively in the field of archeology. Vehicle towed equipment for the automatic recording of apparent electrical resistivity (ERa) are highly adaptable to land plot structure and are able to cover large areas quickly. In this article we will give an overview of a specific experience of ERa mapping at two archaeological sites with the VERIS 3150 system. This is a contact‐sensor that provides georeferenced measurements at two different depths (0–30/0–90 cm). The process of capture, refinement and normalization of raw data is explained. The work also deals with interpolation procedures used for the creation of continuous surfaces. Finally some examples are offered regarding the identification of buried archaeological and geomorphological features. ERa maps are integrated in a geographical information system (GIS) environment, in order to provide a more reliable basis for interpretation. The advantage of the VERIS 3150 sensor is stressed, in terms of cost over traditional electrical resistivity/conductivity mapping techniques for the acquisition of high‐quality archaeological information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of research funding on scientific outputs: Evidence from six smallerEuropean countries
Authors: Gök Abdullah , Rigby John , Shapira Philip
Published: May 2015

We investigate the relationships between the citation impacts of scientific papers and the sources of funding that are acknowledged as having supported those publications. We examine several relationships potentially associated with funding, including first citation, total citations, and the chances of becoming highly cited. Furthermore, we explore the links between citations and types of funding by organization and also with combined measures of funding. In particular, we examine the relationship between funding intensity and funding variety and citation. Our empirical work focuses on six small advancedEuropean economies, applying a zero inflated negative binomial model to a set of more than 240,000 papers authored by researchers from these countries. We find that funding is not related to the first citation but is significantly related to the number of citations and top percentile citation impact. Additionally, we find that citation impact is positively related to funding variety and negatively related with funding intensity. Finally there is an inverse relationship between the relative frequency of funding and citation impact. The results presented in the paper provide insights for the design of research programs and the structure of research funding and for the behavior and strategies of research and sponsoring organizations.
The development and validation of a one‐bit comparison for evaluating the maturity of tag distributions in a Web 2.0 environment
Authors: Tang Kuo‐Hao , Tsai Li‐Chen , Hwang Sheue‐Ling
Published: May 2015

Tags generated by domain experts reaching a consensus under social influence reflect the core concepts of the tagged resource. Such tags can act as navigational cues that enable users to discover meaningful and relevant information in a Web 2.0 environment. This is particularly critical for nonexperts for understanding formal academic or scientific resources, also known as hard content. The goal of this study was to develop a novel one‐bit comparison (OBC) metric and to assess in what circumstances a set of tags describing a hard‐content resource is mature and representative. We compared OBC with the conventional Shannon entropy approach to determine performance when distinguishing tags generated by domain experts and nonexperts in the early and later stages under social influence. The results indicated that OBC can accurately distinguish mature tags generated by a strong expert consensus from other tags, and outperform Shannon entropy. The findings support tag‐based learning, and provide insights and tools for the design of applications involving tags, such as tag recommendation and tag‐based organization.
Estimating the probability of an authorship attribution
Authors: Savoy Jacques
Published: May 2015

In authorship attribution, various distance‐based metrics have been proposed to determine the most probable author of a disputed text. In this paradigm, a distance is computed between each author profile and the query text. These values are then employed only to rank the possible authors. In this article, we analyze their distribution and show that we can model it as a mixture of 2 Beta distributions. Based on this finding, we demonstrate how we can derive a more accurate probability that the closest author is, in fact, the real author. To evaluate this approach, we have chosen 4 authorship attribution methods (Burrows' Delta, Kullback‐Leibler divergence, Labbé's intertextual distance, and the naïve Bayes). As the first test collection, we have downloaded 224 State of the Union addresses (from 1790 to 2014) delivered by 41 U.S. presidents. The second test collection is formed by the Federalist Papers. The evaluations indicate that the accuracy rate of some authorship decisions can be improved. The suggested method can signal that the proposed assignment should be interpreted as possible, without strong certainty. Being able to quantify the certainty associated with an authorship decision can be a useful component when important decisions must be taken.
Mendeley readership altmetrics for medical articles: An analysis of 45 fields
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Wilson Paul
Published: May 2015

Medical research is highly funded and often expensive and so is particularly important to evaluate effectively. Nevertheless, citation counts may accrue too slowly for use in some formal and informal evaluations. It is therefore important to investigate whether alternative metrics could be used as substitutes. This article assesses whether one such altmetric, Mendeley readership counts, correlates strongly with citation counts across all medical fields, whether the relationship is stronger if student readers are excluded, and whether they are distributed similarly to citation counts. Based on a sample of 332,975 articles from 2009 in 45 medical fields in Scopus, citation counts correlated strongly (about 0.7; 78% of articles had at least one reader) with Mendeley readership counts (from the new version 1 applications programming interface [API]) in almost all fields, with one minor exception, and the correlations tended to decrease slightly when student readers were excluded. Readership followed either a lognormal or a hooked power law distribution, whereas citations always followed a hooked power law, showing that the two may have underlying differences.
Information seeking for musical creativity: A systematic literature review
Authors: Lavranos Charilaos , Kostagiolas Petros , Korfiatis Nikolaos , Papadatos Joseph
Published: May 2015

This paper aims to present a systematic literature review of research in music information seeking and its application to musical creativity and creative activities and in particular composition, performance and improvisation, and listening and analysis. A seed set of 901 articles published between 1973 and 2015 was evaluated and in total 65 studies were considered for further analyses. Data extraction and synthesis was performed through content analysis using the PRISMA method. Three thematic categories were identified in regard to music information needs: (a) those related to scholarly activities, (b) musically motivated, as well as (c) those which are related to socializing and communication. In addition, 3 categories of music information sources were connected to musical creativity: (i) those that are related to Internet and media technologies, (ii) those that are related to music libraries, organizations, and music stores, and (iii) those that are related to the subjects' social settings. The paper provides a systematic review, with the aim of showcasing the effect of modern information retrieval techniques in a creative and intensive area of information‐dependent activity such as music making and consumption.
Enzyme‐resistant isomalto‐oligosaccharides produced from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐1426 dextran hydrolysis for functional food application
Authors: Kothari Damini , Goyal Arun
Published: May 2015

The extracellular dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐1426 was produced and purified using polyethylene glycol fractionation. In our earlier study, it was reported that L. mesenteroides dextransucrase synthesizes a high‐molecular mass dextran (>2 × 106 Da) with ∼85.5% α‐(1→6) linear and ∼14.5% α‐(1→3) branched linkages. Isomalto‐oligosaccharides (IMOs) were synthesized through depolymerization of dextran by the action of dextranase. The degree of polymerization of IMOs was 2–10 as confirmed by mass spectrometry. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of α‐(1→3) linkages in the synthesized IMOs. The IMOs were resistant to dextranase, α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase, and therefore can have potential application as food additives in the functional foods.
A hybrid actuated microrobot using an electromagnetic field and flagellated bacteria for tumor‐targeting therapy
Authors: Li Donghai , Choi Hyunchul , Cho Sunghoon , Jeong Semi , Jin Zhen , Lee Cheong , Ko Seong Young , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Sukho
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we propose a new concept for a hybrid actuated microrobot for tumor‐targeting therapy. For drug delivery in tumor therapy, various electromagnetic actuated microrobot systems have been studied. In addition, bacteria‐based microrobot (so‐called bacteriobot), which use tumor targeting and the therapeutic function of the bacteria, has also been proposed for solid tumor therapy. Compared with bacteriobot, electromagnetic actuated microrobot has larger driving force and locomotive controllability due to their position recognition and magnetic field control. However, because electromagnetic actuated microrobot does not have self‐tumor targeting, they need to be controlled by an external magnetic field. In contrast, the bacteriobot uses tumor targeting and the bacteria's own motility, and can exhibit self‐targeting performance at solid tumors. However, because the propulsion forces of the bacteria are too small, it is very difficult for bacteriobot to track a tumor in a vessel with a large bloodstream. Therefore, we propose a hybrid actuated microrobot combined with electromagnetic actuation in large blood vessels with a macro range and bacterial actuation in small vessels with a micro range. In addition, the proposed microrobot consists of biodegradable and biocompatible microbeads in which the drugs and magnetic particles can be encapsulated; the bacteria can be attached to the surface of the microbeads and propel the microrobot. We carried out macro‐manipulation of the hybrid actuated microrobot along a desired path through electromagnetic field control and the micro‐manipulation of the hybrid actuated microrobot toward a chemical attractant through the chemotaxis of the bacteria. For the validation of the hybrid actuation of the microrobot, we fabricated a hydrogel microfluidic channel that can generate a chemical gradient. Finally, we evaluated the motility performance of the hybrid actuated microrobot in the hydrogel microfluidic channel. We expect that the hybrid actuated microrobot will be utilized for tumor targeting and therapy in future. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1623–1631. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.