bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of deicing agents for improving road safety in the conditions of the I-st road building climatic zone
Authors: Kopylov Sergey , Nikolaeva Nariya
Published: March 2024

The authors present an article reflecting one of the urgent problems of the winter period in our country is the accident rate on highways and city streets. The winter period in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is 7 months, which determines the importance of increasing the level of traffic safety on highways and city streets and their winter maintenance.

The main winter maintenance task in urban areas is to combat winter slippery conditions for safe riding of road users. Winter slipperiness on urban streets is one of the dangerous factors that worsen traffic conditions and contribute to an increase in the road accidents probability.

The solution to the winter slipperiness problem includes the effective deicing agents distribution on the road surface to improve road safety.

In large cities of central Russia, salt (NaCl) is mainly used, as well as sand-salt mixture, which work effectively taking into account the geographical location and climatic conditions of these areas. Salt reagents in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) low temperature conditions cannot work effectively, as they are not suitable for the temperature setting. Due to this, the search for suitable deicing agents for the conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in particular for the city of Yakutsk is the purpose of the study.

The article considers the most suitable deicing agents used in the Yakutsk conditions for the I-st road building climatic zone. Within the study framework the friction deicing agents such as river sand and crushed stone of fine fraction 3×10 mm were studied.

At the same time, experiments have shown that the use of crushed stone as a deicing agent is not a perfect material, which also has a number of disadvantages such as storm water channels clogging, additional costs and difficulties in cleaning from the roadway and from green areas.

Combating winter slipperiness and the use of deicing agents is one of the measures to improve road safety, which requires further study and continuation of scientific research of deicing agents in the conditions of Yakutsk.
Ideas para usar CHATGPT en Prevención de Riesgos Laborales
Authors: Mayo Jose Javier Miranda
Published: March 2024

En este trabajo, se presentan ideas para utilizar CHATGPT en PRL como pueden ser: analizar el historial de accidentes y riesgos, supervisar la seguridad laboral en tiempo real, proporcionar información detallada sobre el uso de equipos peligrosos, realizar simulaciones de riesgos, entre otras. El artículo destaca los beneficios de CHATGPT, como su accesibilidad, consistencia, eficiencia, flexibilidad, personalización y capacidad para identificar patrones y tendencias. Sin embargo, también se mencionan algunas limitaciones y desafíos, como la necesidad de supervisión humana, la dependencia de datos precisos y las preocupaciones éticas y de privacidad. El artículo concluye que CHATGPT puede ser una herramienta valiosa para la prevención de riesgos laborales, pero debe ser utilizada en combinación con otras técnicas y herramientas para una prevención efectiva de riesgos. Además, se destaca la importancia de considerar los impactos sociales y éticos de la tecnología y de fomentar la diversidad y la competencia en el mercado de la inteligencia artificial.
A Metabolic Perspective on Nitrogen Source and Temperature in Microalgae
Authors: Makin Ben
Published: March 2024

The roles of nitrogen (N) and temperature in primary producer metabolism are becoming increasingly relevant for optimising algal culturing and for understanding how global warming and changing agricultural practices will influence crops. I argue that these factors could be combined into a single mechanistic framework based on the 'metabolic theory of ecology (MTE)', which has been successful in other fields. The hallmark of this approach is the lower temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis (P) compared with respiration (R), which reduces carbon allocation to biomass (carbon-use efficiency [CUE]) with warming. Notably, it has been reported that photorespiration associated with N assimilation could explain reduced thermal sensitivity of P in C3 organisms. If true, this means that the N source should change the thermal sensitivity of P and therefore shape the thermal responses of CUE and growth, providing a simple mechanistic framework for predicting the impacts of N and temperature on C3 organisms. To test this metabolic perspective, I cultured the tractable green alga, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer., and measured the rates of P and R alongside the rates of CUE and growth when provided with inorganic (nitrate ions or ammonium) or organic (glutamine) N sources across a temperature gradient. As expected, organic N increased the thermal sensitivity of P but not R, with an associated increase in CUE with warming. This work suggests that we could give this MTE-based perspective the 'green light' to inform optimal algal culturing conditions in industrial applications, and further work should investigate the possible impacts of agricultural organic N use in a warmer world.
Key Development Trends Competition in the Product Segments of the Brokerage Services Market of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zvyagintseva Natalya , Kochishvili Kristina
Published: March 2024

The development of competition between professional participants in the securities market engaged in brokerage activities is inseparably linked with the growth of the competitiveness of brokerage organizations in the framework of improving the quality of the services and products they provide. In this regard, improving the competitiveness of brokerage organizations is an indispensable condition for developing competition in the brokerage market, and hence increasing the investment attractiveness of the securities market of the Russian Federation. The article examines the activities of brokerage organizations in the Russian securities market and determines the dynamics of key indicators characterizing brokerage activities (the number and structure of active clients and the volume and structure of client transactions). A comparative analysis of the activities of leading brokers by product segment, tariff plans and combined types of activities was carried out, as a result of which key trends in the development of brokerage activities were identified. Based on the identified trends, an assessment of the competitive advantages of leading brokers was carried out and companies-leaders and companies included in the competitive environment of leaders that need to increase their competitiveness were identified.
Efficiency of Enterprises in Conditions of Instability of the World Market (by the Example of Mining and Processing Plant “Erdenet”)
Authors: Kuzmin Yuriy , Bataa Gulguu , Kozyrskaya Irina
Published: March 2024

The research analyzed the effectiveness of the activity of the mining and industrial complex «Erdenet» at the present stage. The problems of transforming the mining and industrial complex «Erdenet» into an open joint-stock company and the advantages and disadvantages of this process are considered. The authors emphasize how relevant and necessary for study and analysis is the issue of increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises at the present stage, especially in those conditions when the mining industry of Mongolia is successfully developing, and competition in the world market is intensifying. The instability of the world market of raw mineral resources, the growth of their consumption in the Asian market, the global financial crisis dictate the need to study the optimization of mining enterprises. It becomes important not only to study the world copper market, but also to study ways to reduce future price risks, increase the stability of the financial condition of mining companies. In the article, the authors consider the problems of transforming the Erdenet GOK into an open joint-stock company, the need to introduce hedging, and suggest specific directions for improving the efficiency of enterprises.
Bio-imaginaries: ‘Biologics’, Bricolage, and the Making of Pharmaceutical Knowledge
Authors: Buer Jonas Kure
Published: March 2024

What does it mean when pharmaceuticals are called ‘biologics’? This article follows a pregnant person who has been hospitalised on a Norwegian rheumatology ward after being taken off her monoclonal antibody (mab) medication. She is painfully trapped in a crisis that is medical and existential, but also epistemological. Weighing the debilitating consequences of her disease against concerns about pharmaceutical risks for herself and her unborn child, she creates and adapts her own knowledge of mabs as ‘biologics’. Far from being passively receptive, she thus becomes part of a complex project of semantics where analogies and oppositions of biologic and chemical, natural and man-made, health and unhealth work to render some knowledge plausible and some implausible. Placing the individual and the pharmaceutical label at the centre of this semantic economy, the article suggests that pharmaceutical labels play an important albeit unacknowledged role in the making of pharmaceuticals as safe and efficacious.
SOCIOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING PROJECTS AS A TOOL FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN AUTHORITIES AND CITIZENS
Authors:   Moscow Center for Urban Studies ", Raskhodchikov Alexei ,   City"
Published: March 2024

The article substantiates the necessity of coordinating general plans with social processes in cities. It also explores the opportunities for enriching the data used for urban planning by employing social research methods. The main methods of sociological support for different stages of urban planning activities, from agglomeration and urban planning to monitoring of conflict situations at the construction stage, are presented. The data from a sociological study conducted in the cities of the southern Moscow region demonstrate the potential for forming a distributed agglomeration by increasing connectivity and diversifying settlement functions.
CHANGING THE APPROACH TO URBAN MASTER PLANNING: TRANSFORMATION OF MEANING OR NAME CHANGE
Authors:   Moscow Analytical Center in the Sphere of Urban Economy, Ilina Irina
Published: March 2024

In the Russian Federation, «general plans» are commonly used as territorial planning tools developed to regulate the prospective development of cities. They determine the functional distribution of territorial resources for the purposes of building formation and the establishment of its permissible parameters. However, «general plans» are being increasingly criticized, primarily due to their simplified and standard approach to forecasting the city’s future development, which fails to consider the real long-term socio-economic and technological trends, managerial aspects and changing needs of citizens. This requires a constant alteration of documents designed to last for at least 20 years. The territorial planning system needs a significant transformation. However, questions arise as to whether to keep the usual «general plans» or replace them with master plans that go beyond the urban planning approach, and combine strategic and project forms of long-term planning. Will the replacement of documents help the implementation of urban development plans? Or is the form of the document not so important, provided that proactive proposals are actively taken into account, policies based on long-term forecasting are applied, and digital and other modern tools are used? The article discusses approaches to updating the territorial planning system, the specifics of the formation and conditions for the development of master plans, and the assessment of their success in achieving their goals.
On earth system dynamics’ hypothetical “greenhouse effect”
Authors: Igor Khmelinskii , Leslie V Woodcock
Published: March 2024

We review an editorial article in the climate journal Earth Systems Dynamics (ESD 14, 241–242, 2023): the headline title of which makes two scientifically incorrect assertions: (i) that the greenhouse-gas hypothesis, i.e., cause of global warming by ~1K in 1950-2020, is an established scientific truth, and (ii) that heat emissions from global fuel combustion are, by comparison, negligible. Both statements are inconsistent with the laws of classical thermodynamics, with the limitations of the Earth’s global energy budget multivariate computer models, and with the known absorption and emission spectroscopy of carbon dioxide (CO2). The scientific method of establishing truth requires hypotheses to be tested against experimental results by circumspective scientific scrutiny. Scientific knowledge cannot be established by consensus politics. We question the wisdom of a policy of rejecting articles that may disparage the greenhouse gas hypothesis. By this criterion of science by consensus, the 1543-AD publication of Nicholas Copernicus’s research article, which disputed the prevailing consensus of the Ptolemaic hypothesis of a static Earth system, would have been rejected by Copernicus Publications. The ESD editors cite, as an example, two recent articles, they say, that should have been rejected without peer review. Both articles, which contradict the greenhouse gas hypothesis, were peer-reviewed for sound science, and published by MDPI recently in Entropy. We find that Copernicus Publications' peer-review policy, and this ESD editorial article, in particular, are unethical. A policy of only publishing consensus science enhances an ascendancy of politically motivated subjective pseudoscience, causing a stagnation of our scientific understanding and description of Earth systems.
Classification of Daily Living Activities in subjects with Parkinson’s Disease using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors:   Universidad La Salle, Rodriguez Montero Lizeth , Ambrosio Bastián José ,   Universidad La Salle, Pérez Sanpablo Alberto Isaac ,   Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
Published: March 2024

This paper is a proposal to contribute with health specialists to enrich the follow-up and support systems in patients with Parkinson's by identifying and classifying Daily Living Activities (DLAs) using Artificial Neural Networks programmed in Python language. The proposed method of supervised learning allowed the classification of 6 DLAs through 22 signals obtained from the application of Principal Component Analysis, creating a database used to train a Multilayer Perceptron. This model achieved an approximation of classification with 93% of the F1-score. The present study demonstrates the versatility of ANNs based on MLP combined with the PCA technique since, even in an unbalanced database such as the one used, it allows excellent values to be achieved in the F1-score measure. The use of Artificial Intelligence and other tools applied in this work may eventually help specialists to perform a more accurate assessment in the monitoring of rehabilitation for patients with Parkinson's disease by improving records and thus avoiding subjectivity in the interpretation of treatment results.
Immunoblotting (Western) Protocol v1
Authors: Vermilyea Scott
Published: March 2024

This protocol details the western blot technique.
αS PFF Assembly Protocol v1
Authors: Vermilyea Scott
Published: March 2024

This protocol details the αS PFF assembly.
REDI-NET F-1 FECES FIELD SAMPLING v1
Authors: Consortium REDI-NET
Published: March 2024

To outline steps for properly collecting fecal samples from pastures to evaluate the risk of zoonotic disease transmission by the detection of pathogens from vertebrate DNA (vDNA).
Effect of Short Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution and Hardness of Thixoformed Graphene Reinforced Aluminium Composites
Authors: Wakhi Anuar Nur Farah Bazilah , Omar Mohd Zaidi , Salleh Mohd Shukor , W. Zamri Wan Fathul Hakim , Md Ali Afifah
Published: March 2024

Aluminium metal matrix composites are increasingly being used in numerous industries due to their lightweight nature and high strength. The incorporation of graphene into aluminium metal matrix composites has garnered significant interest owing to graphene's capacity to enhance numerous properties concurrently. Hence, this study aimed to fabricate a 0.3 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets reinforced A356 alloy (GNP-A356) composite through stir casting followed by thixoforming and short T6 heat treatment processes. It also evaluated the microstructure and mechanical properties of GNP-A356 after the thixoforming process and short T6 heat treatment. The microstructure of alloy and composite was confirmed by optical microstructure, field emission scanning electron microscopy images, and X-ray diffraction. Microstructure investigations demonstrate the impact of the stirring process on the structural transformation of the 𝛼-Al phase from the dendritic into a rosette-like and globular-like structure. The result also indicated that there was a transformation of eutectic silicon from the shape of a needle-like to spheroid structure after a short heat treatment, showing the efficiency of T6 heat treatment with a shorter time of solution treatment and ageing. Moreover, the increase in relative density and addition of reinforcement led to a significant increment in hardness. The result shows the hardness improved by 35.77% and 77.8% for as-cast and heat-treated composites, respectively, compared to A356 alloy.
BORN ON THE LAND OF THE GREAT KOBZAR (TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF VALERIY PETROVYCH KAPELIUSHNYI, THE DOCTOR OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR, MEMBER-CORRESPONDENT OF NAPS OF UKRAINE)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kotsur Halyna
Published: March 2024

he article is dedicated to Valery Kapeliushnyi, as well-known scientist and teacher in Ukraine and abroad, doctor of historical sciences, professor, member-correspondent of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, head of the Department of Ethnology and Regional Studies of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. There are highlighted the main milestones of his biography, key stages of education and formation as a scientist and teacher. It is about the most important works of the professor, his scientific interests, normative and special courses for students, management of the department and special council, honors, etc.
ETHNIC THEMES OF WORKS OF UKRAINIAN PAINTING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH - AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kryshtopa Mariia
Published: March 2024

Ethnic themes were actively used by Ukrainian artists in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. This is the period of the establishment of the realistic direction in painting, and therefore the principles of painting were based on the objective reproduction of reality. Artists tried to make art accessible to the people, carried out educational activities and tried to draw attention to socio-economic problems. The painting of this period is full of ethnography. It presents traditional clothing, folk architecture, dishes, crafts, customs, rites and traditions, so the main goal of this study is to prove the potential of this type of fine art as one of the components of the source base of ethnological research. The work used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive, and the research itself was built on the principle of historicism to explain the context in which the development of the realistic genre took place on Ukrainian soil. A serious role in the study of this issue is played by the iconographic method, which makes it possible to analyze the themes of the works and to isolate the ethnographic component. The main result of the study is the generalization and systematization of information about the work of prominent Ukrainian painters, related to ethnic specificity, as well as the formation of an idea of the general trends in the development of Ukrainian painting in the territories that were part of the two empires, and the interpretation of key differences in the representation of the traditional culture of the people artists of various historical and ethnographic regions. The conclusions of the work demonstrate the need for further investigations in this direction, aimed at researching the traditional culture of the Ukrainian people, reproduced by painters in their paintings. Their activities were carried out using the method of observation, recording the available ethnographic material, which, in turn, confirms the similarity of the method of work with ethnographers of that period. Therefore, the main conclusion of the study is the importance of involving the artistic heritage of the 19th and early 20th centuries. to the source base of ethnological research.
Effect of ultrasound treatment in fresh apple juices from different cultivars
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Luís
Published: March 2024

The sonication process is based on the cavitation phenomenon, which allows the extraction of target compounds, homogenization of solutions, and breakdown of plant cells. Thus, this paper aimed to assess the effect of ultrasound treatment in fresh apple juice to control the enzymatic browning effect. Three different apple varieties, Gala, Fuji and Argentina, were used to extract the juices, and were then subjected to ultrasound treatment for 0, 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Total soluble solids, citric acid content, pH, phenolic compound concentration, and color aspects were evaluated. Argentina apple variety had higher total soluble solids and pH values, with no visual differences between treatments. In contrast, ultrasound treatment of the fuji apple had a statistical difference to the control sample, regarding citric acid content. The analysis of the L* parameter, representing luminosity, showed slight variations ranging from 24.78 to 28.27 in all samples, with no significant differences observed among different treatment durations. Furthermore, the a* parameter showed a significant difference only for the Gala apple in the 0 and 5 min treatment. The b* and Chroma value was higher in Argentina variety (5.78 to 7.05 and 6.08 to 7.42, respectively) than in Fuji and Gala. On the other hand, a statistical difference was observed in the °HUE in Gala variety, faced to Fuji and Argentina. The content of phenolic compounds in the apples’ varieties remained unaltered by ultrasound treatment, with values ranging from 52.47 to 116.23 mg of gallic acid equivalent L-1. These unexpected results indicated no significant variations between the sonification durations in the evaluated parameters. Thus, it is suggested that a new ultrasound procedure utilizing a probe and/or temperature control may be more effective in diminishing the enzymatic browning effect.
The ability of photochemical decomposition products of the Roundup to induce oxidative stress in bacterial cells
Authors: Saratovskikh Elena A. , Machigov Elbek A. , Yarmolenko Andrey I. , Shtamm Elena V. , Abilev Serikbai K.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: A common non-selective systemic herbicide Roundup (Glyphosate, active ingredient N-phosphonomethylglycine, N-PMG) is used to control perennial weeds. It is necessary to assess the hazard of the products of photochemical decomposition of N-FMG formed under the influence of solar UV and ozone.
AIM: Using lux-biosensors based on Escherichia coli, studying the ability of N-FMG photochemical degradation products to induce oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work used the active substance of the herbicide Roundup N-phosphonomethylglycine (N-PMG), biosensors E. coli (pSoxS-lux), E. coli (pKatG-lux). UV radiation, Mass spectrometry.
RESULTS: Using biosensors, it was shown that the products of photochemical decomposition of N-PMG (2-(N-hydroxymethyl-hydroxyamine) ethanoic acid) cause an increase in the concentration of superoxide anion radical and H2O2 in E. coli cells, which induces oxidative stress in the bacterial cell.
CONCLUSIONS: The photochemical decomposition product of N-PMG (2-(N-hydroxymethyl-hydroxyamine) ethanoic acid) induces the formation of superoxide anion radical and H2O2 in bacterial cells.
Matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7 as a new prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer
Authors: Kiseleva Alevtina E. , Antsupova Marina A. , Semenkov Aleksey V. , Bykov Igor I.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: According to statistics, gastric cancer is in a leading position among all gastrointestinal cancers. The most effective treatment for gastric cancer is surgery. There are now heterogeneous clinical outcomes for patients in the same stage of the disease. The main reason for this is the fact that differences in types of gastric cancer occur not only at the histological level, but also at the molecular level. Finding the universal biomarkers that can provide information about patient prognosis is a subject of interest to scientists around the world. MMP-7 is the smallest molecule in the family of matrix metalloproteinases that contributes significantly to oncogenesis by affecting apoptosis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. MMP-7 hyperexpression is associated with aggressive tumor phenotype and worsens prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Therefore, MMP-7 can be a promising biomarker in the treatment of gastric cancer.
AIM: To identify possible correlations between the expression of MMP-7 in patients with gastric cancer and their prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included samples of 80 patients diagnosed with diffuse gastric cancer, who were selected based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 30 sectional stomach samples were taken as a comparison group. Of the 80 patients included in the study, gastrectomy was performed in 55% cases (44 people) and gastric resection was performed in 45% cases (36 people).
RESULTS: In our work, the expression level of MMP-7 0.8±0.07 was indicated as high, and the expression rate of 0.40±0.067 as low. During the study, we assessed the link between the level of MMP-7 expression and the clinical characteristics of the tumor. We evaluated the following indicators: the disease stage, the presence of lesions of lymph nodes, the size of the tumor. Patients with increased MMP-7 expression in tumor tissue have a better prognosis than patients with low MMP-7 expression.
CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed high MMP-7 expression in tumor tissue, which allowed us to establish a correlation between MMP-7 expression and adverse clinical outcomes. The data obtained may indicate the possible use of MMP-7 as a biomarker for gastric cancer.
Tracking Seismic Velocity Perturbations at Ridgecrest Using Ballistic Correlation Functions
Authors: Sheng Yixiao , Mordret Aurélien , Brenguier Florent , Tomasetto Lisa , Higueret Quentin , Aubert Coralie , Hollis Dan , Vernon Frank , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: March 2024

We present results based on data of a dense nodal array composed of 147 stations, deployed in 2022 near the epicenter of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake to investigate characteristics of the seismic wavefields. Through array analyses, we identified two primary components. First, we observed far-field P waves dominating the 0.5–1.2 Hz frequency range, which are likely primarily generated by wind-driven oceanic swell activity. Second, we detected near-field body waves resulting from anthropogenic activities in the frequency range 2–8 Hz. We examined noise correlation functions derived from data of the dense deployment and regional stations to explore fault-zone seismic velocity changes using ballistic arrivals, with a focus on velocity perturbation shortly before and after the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. Our findings exhibit distinct behavior compared to results obtained through standard coda-wave interferometry. Particularly, we observed a decrease in P-wave travel time on certain station pairs prior to the 2019 earthquake sequence. Supported by detailed investigation of the local seismic wavefields, we interpret the decreasing P-wave travel time as likely caused by a velocity increase away from the fault, possibly related to fluid migration. However, additional information is necessary to verify this hypothesis.
The Phenomenon of Social (Non-)Exclusion of Parents Raising a Child with Disabilities in the Local Community and Their Support
Authors: Nazaruk Stanisława , Waszczuk Joanna , Lipska Ewa , Olędzka Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

The reality we live in is still often characterised by the phenomenon of social inequality known as differentiation or stratification. In this kind of reality, many people do not cope with various personal and social difficulties. Some of them experience social exclusion defined as the result of various types of social disadvantage. The article explores the risk of social exclusion among parents raising a child with a disability. This is a very difficult issue to research due to the fact that it affects all members of the family, their bonds and feelings. The main problem of the research was formulated as a question: Do parents raising a child with a disability experience social exclusion and support in the local environment? The pedagogical research was conducted in 2022 among 80 parents raising children with disabilities. The results showed a picture of the surveyed group of parents raising children with disabilities. The vast majority of them experience various forms of social exclusion on a daily basis, including prejudice, negative behaviour and lack of acceptance.
Young Adults in Subjectively Difficult Situations. A Qualitative Research of the Ways of Confronting Problems in the Work Environment
Authors: Rzechowska Ewa , Krawiec Bogumiła
Published: March 2024

The subject of the article is the functioning of contemporary young adults in situations subjectively difficult for them. The aim of the research was to reconstruct and analyse the ways of dealing with young adults in situations perceived by them as difficult. The research involved 122 people aged 20–35. The data was collected using a follow-up interview and a questionnaire. The studies were conducted using a research paradigm defining phenomena as a process (a processual approach), revealing its complexity of the phenomenon and internal mechanisms as well as their genesis (analysis aimed at reconstructing the diversity of its internal structure using qualitative analyses and one of the methods of data mining – Quinlan’s C4.5 algorithm). An empirical model was obtained showing the spectrum of ways of coping with difficulties encountered by young people in their everyday life: from (1) withdrawal or submission, or (2) controlling the area of activity by imposing/adopting rules, to (3) going beyond self-protection with minimising failures, or (4) perceiving confrontation with problems as a natural component of life.
Herding behavior, information type, and overconfidence bias: an experimental study on novice investors’ investment decisions
Authors: Kresnawati Etik , Sofia Lina , Utami Evy Rahman
Published: March 2024

Research aims: By the end of 2023, Indonesian Central Securities Depository data revealed a significant increase in the number of investors dominated by millennial investors (56.41%). They are categorized as novice investors who have distinctive characteristics from professional investors. This study, thus, aims to examine whether herding behavior dominates the characteristics of novice investors and whether information type and overconfidence bias affect the herding behavior of novice investors.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a quasi-experimental 2x2 mixed design on 42 student participants who were members of the Capital Market Study Group. The data obtained were then tested using non-parametric statistics.Research findings: The test results uncovered that herding dominated the investment behavior of novice investors. This behavior was supported by the information type that participants paid attention to in making decisions. However, testing for overconfidence demonstrated that this variable was not the cause of novice investors' herding behavior.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The results of this study contribute theoretically to the investment behavior of novice investors by strengthening the argument that they tend to behave herding when making stock investment decisions. Testing with an experimental design allows researchers to confirm that such herding behavior is reinforced by the preference for the information type they use in decision-making. The results also provide insight into the fact that the overconfidence level of novice investors may be different from that of professional investors.Practitioner/Policy implication: The tendency of herding behavior of novice investors needs attention from the Financial Services Authority as a regulator to consider protection for novice investors who dominate the number of investors in the capital market.Research limitation/Implication: The tests in this study employed non-parametric statistics, which are not as good as parametric tests, so the study results should be understood wisely. Future research needs to consider the adequacy of the sample and use capital market groups in several universities to improve sample quality.
A study of safety and effectiveness of amino-acids based multi-nutrient fortifier in preterm infants
Authors: Chandra Prathap , Sharma Deepa M. , Gowda Suresh , L. Ramitha , Kamath Laxmi
Published: March 2024

Background: Fortification plays a vital role in supporting the nutritional requirements in the premature infants. Currently in India, fortifiers are either whole protein based or whey protein which are bovine milk- based, which has been associated with increased risk of feed intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), to circumvent this, an amino-acids based fortifier has been made available which provides more proteins (0.35 g/1 g sachet) thereby meeting the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Aim was to study effect (safety and efficacy) of fortification with the amino-acids based fortifier (HMF-ADVANCE, Analeptik Biologicals) in premature infants admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods: A single centre pilot study was conducted on preterm infants with <1800 g birth weight and/or <32 gestational age, amino-acids based fortifier (AABF) was used as the fortification option once the infants reached 100 ml/kg/day feed volume. 1 g of HMF-ADVANCE was mixed in 25 ml of mother’s own milk (MOM) and the fortification was continued till discharge from NICU.
Results: A total 100 preterm infants were included for the study, mean gestational age (GA) was 29.38±1.61 weeks, mean birth weight was 1159.90±301.9. Growth outcomes at the end of the study: mean weight gain was 23.73±7.62 g/day, mean head circumference gain was 1.02±0.41 cm/week, mean length gain was 1.01±0.15 cm/week and weight gain velocity were 17.13±2.38 g/kg/day. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed an increasing trend from baseline (before starting fortification: 3.2 mg/dl), 1 week after fortification (6.3 mg/dl) and at the end of study (11.2 mg/dl). AABF was also used in three neonates post NEC. There were no episodes of feed intolerance or necrotising enterocolitis episodes and none of neonates discontinued fortification till discharge from NICU.
Conclusions: AABF was well tolerated without any feed intolerance episodes and helped to achieve optimal growth. AABF can be the optimal choice of fortification in low-birth-weight neonates.
Beyond the chairside: A narrative review of ergonomic practices in dentistry for preventing work-related musculoskletal disorders
Authors: Lobo Wendy M V , Sayed Abrar , Kadam Akshaya S , Sapkale Kishor , Ramugade Manoj , Baker David C
Published: March 2024

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) refer to conditions significantly influenced or exacerbated by the work environment. Reports of WMSDs among dental professionals have increased, with specific risk factors including stress, poor flexibility, improper positioning, infrequent breaks, repetitive movements, weak postural muscles, prolonged awkward postures, and equipment mis-adjustment. Ergonomics, focusing on designing jobs and workplaces to fit workers, plays a pivotal role in preventing long-term disabilities arising from repetitive strain injuries. This article explores the prevalence, risk elements and strategies dedicated to preventing WMSDs in dental operatory settings.
Prescription of antibiotics during endodontic treatments: Survey of senegalese dentists
Authors: Diop Elhadji Cyre , Diene Mor Nguirane , Sankoung Soumboundou , Mamadou Ndiaye Lamine , Faye Babacar
Published: March 2024

: Irrational antibiotic prescribing is a phenomenon common to several countries, including Senegal.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of antibiotic prescribing among Senegalese dental surgeons during the management of pulpal and periapical pathologies.

This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study involved 132 dentists regularly registered with the Senegalese Dental Surgeons' Association.

Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

The results of X2 tests showed a statistically significant difference between the private and public sectors for the management of root resorption (P≤0.005).

: In patients with penicillin allergy, clindamycin was the first-line treatment (31.1%), followed by metronidazole combined with spiramycin (25%) and azithromycin 500mg (22.7%).

: As with previous studies carried out in other countries, this study shows that very few practitioners make appropriate use of antibiotics for pulpal and periapical pathologies.
Managing the deep carious lesion biomimetically without pulpal involvement
Authors: Mittal Rishu , Hooda Shivani
Published: March 2024

During the last 20 years, the restorative approach has evolved from the mechanical retention to the advanced adhesion. This transition was fostered by the development and the improvements in the adhesive materials and the increasing demand of the esthetics among the patients. Resultingly, Composites today have become the material of choice for both the anterior as well as posterior restorations. The Science, Principles and the techniques of advanced adhesive dentistry are known as biomimetic dentistry. The major goal of biomimetic dentistry is to preserve the vitality of the pulp and conserve maximum intact tooth structure. The management of deep carious lesions approaching a healthy pulp presents a significant challenge to a clinician. The traditional management of carious lesions dictates the removal of all the infected and affected dentin. Several studies call this approach into question. This article presents a systematic approach to manage the deep carious lesions in the vital teeth preserving its vitality & conserving maximum intact tooth structure for the long term biomimetic function.
Protection of legal interest in the participatory budget procedure
Authors: Baranowski Jakub
Published: March 2024

Podstawowym celem badawczym niniejszego opracowania jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy obowiązujące przepisy polskiego prawa chronią interes prawny obywatela, który w procedurze budżetu obywatelskiego zgłosił zwycięską propozycję zadania, gdy to nie zostało uwzględnione w uchwale budżetowej gminy. Aby udzielić odpowiedzi na tak postawione pytanie badawcze, dokonano analizy polskiego systemu prawnego w zakresie przepisów dotyczących budżetu obywatelskiego, skupiając się jedynie na regulacji prawnej poziomu gminnego, wykorzystując przy tym metodę dogmatycznoprawną. Badania uzupełniono o orzecznictwo Trybunału Konstytucyjnego i sądów administracyjnych. Podstawowym wnioskiem, jaki dało się wywieść z przeprowadzonych badań, jest stwierdzenie, że przepisy prawne dotyczące budżetu obywatelskiego nie zapewniały bezpośredniej i jednoznacznej ochrony interesu prawnego autora zwycięskiego projektu, w przypadku gdy nie został on uwzględniony w uchwale budżetowej gminy. Brak przepisów materialnoprawnych w zakresie budżetu partycypacyjnego powodował, że interes prawny autora zwycięskiego projektu można próbować odkodować wyłącznie z przepisów ustrojowych. Analizowane w niniejszym opracowaniu instytucje prawne nie dawały jednoznacznej odpowiedzi, czy poprzez ich wykorzystanie autor zwycięskiego zadania mógłby w sposób bezstronny i niezależny dochodzić ochrony swojego interesu prawnego. Dopiero instytucja, o której mowa w art. 101 ust. 1 ustawy o samorządzie gminnym, tj. skarga na uchwałę do sądu administracyjnego, mogłaby wypełnić przymioty bezstronności i niezależności rozstrzygnięcia sprawy. Kwestie poruszone w artykule niebyły przedmiotem szerszej refleksji na gruncie nauki prawa administracyjnego. Nie były one również przedmiotem licznych judykatów. Należało zarazem podkreślić, że brak przyjęcia koncepcji interesu prawnego w procedurze budżetu partycypacyjnego, w szczególności w zakresie niewpisania zwycięskiego zadania w uchwale budżetowej gminy, mógłby powodować wykorzystywanie silniejszej pozycji gminy w stosunku do obywateli. Zatem do momentu podjęcia przez ustawodawcę odpowiednich kroków prawnych regulujących powyższą problematykę należało podjąć dyskusję o dostępnych możliwościach ochrony interesu prawnego autora zwycięskiego zadania i, zdaniem autora niniejszego opracowania, takie rozwiązanie wskazane zostało w art. 101 ust. 1 ustawy o samorządzie gminnym.
Reasons for low durability of adopted landscape resolutions
Authors: Grobelny Paweł
Published: March 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza przyczyn niskiej trwałości tzw. uchwał krajobrazowych. Uchwała krajobrazowa jest nowym narzędziem ochrony krajobrazu, wprowadzonym do porządku prawnego we wrześniu 2015 roku ustawą o zmianie niektórych ustaw w związku ze wzmocnieniem narzędzi ochrony krajobrazu, i może zostać podjęta przez radę gminy na podstawie art. 37a u.p.z.p., obejmującego upoważnienie do określania w drodze uchwały – stanowiącej akt prawa miejscowego – zasad i warunków sytuowania obiektów małej architektury, tablic reklamowych i urządzeń reklamowych oraz ogrodzeń, a także ich gabarytów, standardów jakościowych oraz rodzajów materiałów budowlanych, z jakich mogą być wykonane. Dotychczas podejmowane uchwały krajobrazowe są bardzo często przedmiotami kontroli nadzorczych i sądowoadministracyjnych, w wyniku których około 25% spośród wszystkich podjętych uchwał zostało unieważnionych. Głównymi przesłankami powodującymi stwierdzenie nieważności uchwał krajobrazowych są wątpliwości co do zakresu normowania uchwał oraz kwestia braku mechanizmów odszkodowawczych w przypadku naruszeń prawa własności przez uchwały krajobrazowe. W artykule dokonano analizy wspomnianych przesłanek oraz oceny dotychczasowego orzecznictwa w sprawach uchwał krajobrazowych. W wyniku badań wykazano, jakie są kluczowe przyczyny niskiej trwałości uchwał krajobrazowych. W artykule zastosowano metodę dogmatycznoprawną oraz empiryczną, dzięki czemu dokonano analizy tekstu normatywnego – zawartego w ustawie o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym, w szczególności w jej art. 37a. Koniecznym było także poddanie analizie dotychczasowego orzecznictwa i odniesienie się do dorobku doktryny prawniczej.
Appeal in cassation and request for interpretation of a judgment as tools of removing ambiguities of grounds of the Polish voivodeship administrative court judgment
Authors: Ostrowski Piotr
Published: March 2024

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy wniosek o wykładnię wyroku i skarga kasacyjna stanowią de lege lata skuteczne środki usuwania niejasności pisemnych uzasadnień wyroków wojewódzkich sądów administracyjnych. Instytucje te przeanalizowano za pomocą metody dogmatycznej oraz metody analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa. Z kolei zdatność tych środków prawnych do realizacji ww. celu oceniono za pomocą metody analizy i konstrukcji logicznej, tj. 1) skuteczność wniosku o wykładnię wyroku oceniono, zestawiając przesłanki jego zasadności z wybranymi sytuacjami, w których strona mogłaby nie zrozumieć otrzymanego wyroku, oraz 2) skuteczność skargi kasacyjnej przeanalizowano z punktu widzenia przydatności tej instytucji do eliminowania wyroków, których uzasadnienia zostały sporządzone w sposób nieczytelny. Badanie wykazało, że żadna z tych instytucji nie stanowi de lege lata skutecznego środka usuwania wątpliwości strony co do treści otrzymanego uzasadnienia. Celem wniosku o wykładnię wyroku nie jest usuwanie subiektywnych wątpliwości strony odnośnie do treści wyroku, a jedynie pewnej kategorii wątpliwości określanych w orzecznictwie mianem ,,rzeczywistych”. Orzecznictwo ani doktryna nie wyjaśniają jednak, jak należy rozumieć to pojęcie. W ocenie autora, środek ten służy przede wszystkim osobom biegłym w języku prawniczym, a nie szerokiemu gronu obywateli. Z kolei zarzut kasacyjny naruszenia przez WSA art. 141 § 4 p.p.s.a. ma ograniczone zastosowanie z uwagi na treść art. 174 pkt 2 p.p.s.a., tj. konieczność wykazania, że naruszenie uniemożliwia przeprowadzenie kontroli instancyjnej. Aktualna wykładnia tych przepisów prowadzi do faktycznego ograniczenia konstytucyjnych funkcji uzasadnień do funkcji formalnej i kontrolnej. Ponadto, zgodnie z aktualnym orzecznictwem, okoliczność, że strona nie rozumie otrzymanego orzeczenia, nie uzasadnia jeszcze konieczności jego uchylenia.
Nickel-containing catalysts for ethylene conversion to motor fuel components and light alkenes
Authors: Karpova T. R. , Lavrenov A. V. , Moiseenko M. A. , Buluchevskii E. A. , Gulyaeva T. I. , Arbuzov A. B.
Published: March 2024

Polyfunctional Ni-containing catalysts supported on the B2O3-Al2O3 and MoO3-Al2O3 were prepared by a sequential impregnation. They were evaluated in ethylene conversion to C5+ alkenes or propylene. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3. NiO/B2O3-Al2O3 samples containing Ni2+ cations chemically bonded to the acid support are the most effective catalysts for ethylene oligomerization. The NiO/MoO3-Al2O3 catalyst activity in the ethylene conversion to propylene is related with the presence of ethylene dimerization active sites, i.e. Ni2+ cations bonded to the support acidic sites, and active sites of metathesis in the form of monomolybdate species.
Variation of the shapes of catalytic blocks in the autothermal reforming of hexadecane, propane and methane using mathematical modeling
Authors: Zazhigalov S. V. , Shilov V. A. , Zagoruiko A. N. , Snytnikov P. V.
Published: March 2024

In this work, mathematical modeling of the autothermal reforming of hexadecane, propane and methane on catalytic blocks of different geometric shapes was carried out. It was shown that the convex shape of the block towards the oncoming reaction flow can increase the maximum temperature in the frontal zone, while the concave shape contributes to a more uniform temperature distribution along the entire length of the catalytic layer. The work also investigated the effect of the reaction flow rate on the change in the temperature gradient, which can subsequently be used to prevent the formation of hot spots and catalyst deactivation. The results obtained can serve as the basis for future research in the field of autothermal reforming and optimization of the geometric parameters of catalysts for the conversion of hydrocarbon fuels into synthesis gas.