bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Perceived Motor Competence After the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program Intervention
Authors: George-Komi Leesi , Palmer Kara K. , Palmer Stephanie A. , Nunu Michael A. , Robinson Leah E.
Published: August 2023

This study examined the effects of a motor-skill intervention on children’s perceived motor competence (PMC; object control, locomotor, and combined [total]) and explored if effects differed between the sexes. Preschoolers (N = 274; 47.96 months) completed either a motor-skill intervention (the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program [CHAMP]) or recess. PMC was measured with the Digital Scale of PMC before and after each condition. Controlling for pretest scores, recess girls had lower posttest object-control PMC scores than CHAMP boys, CHAMP girls, and recess boys (all p < .05). CHAMP children had significantly higher posttest locomotor and total PMC (all p < .001) compared with children who engaged in recess. CHAMP partially eliminates sex differences in PMC, particularly for object-control skills. Girls who participated in recess did not increase PMC like children in CHAMP and boys who engaged in outdoor recess.
Rating of Perceived Exertion in the First Repetition is Related to the Total Repetitions Performed in Elastic Bands Training
Authors: Colado Juan C. , Gené-Morales Javier , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Flandez Jorge , Ferri-Caruana Ana María , Babiloni-Lopez Carlos
Published: August 2023

Several devices (e.g., linear transducers) have been used for predicting resistance training intensity. However, subjective scales, such as rating of perceived exertion (RPE), are proposed as reliable and easier-to-use tools for monitoring intensity during resistance training. Accordingly, different perceptive scales have been presented in previous research for monitoring intensity during resistance training with elastic bands. The aim was to assess the accuracy and reliability of RPE for quantifying the potential maximal repetitions that could be performed at a given RPE (from 2 to 8 of 10) obtained in the first repetition. For this purpose, 13 recreationally active participants (age: 26.33 [6.52] years, body mass index: 24.97 [5.08] kg/m2) were involved in two familiarization and two experimental sessions. In each session, participants randomly performed one set at each intensity of the first repetition from 2/10 to 8/10 until volitional failure in three different exercises (fly, military press, and push–press). An individual grip width of the elastic band was chosen in each set. The number of repetitions and heart rate were assessed. Significance level was set at p < .05. Repetitions decreased when intensity increased (p < .01) and heart rate was higher in the global exercise (i.e., push–press; p < .05), but nonsignificant differences between intensities were reported. The level of experience influenced the number of repetitions performed (p < .05). Intersession reliability was set from good to excellent (range: 0.64–0.91). Therefore, the RPE of the first repetition is a relevant and reliable parameter related to the total number of repetitions performed for each RPE value in trained participants enrolled in elastic bands resistance training.
High-quality complete genome sequence of
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
oryzicola
(
Xoc
) strain HB8
Authors: Yang Wei , Liu Xingxun , Liu Meng , Wei Fengmei , Yang Lei , Yuan Meng , Li Guotian
Published: August 2023

Here, we report a high-quality genome of
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
oryzicola
(
Xoc
) strain HB8, which causes bacterial leaf streaks in rice. The genome size of HB8 is 4,800,100 bp, with a GC content of 64.03%, which serves as an important resource for the study of the
Xanthomonas
-rice pathosystem.
Dune interactions record changes in boundary conditions
Authors: Marvin M. Colin , Lapôtre Mathieu G.A. , Gunn Andrew , Day Mackenzie , Soto Alejandro
Published: August 2023

Windblown dunes are common features in our solar system, forming on planetary surfaces that span wide ranges in gravity and both atmospheric and sediment properties. The patterns formed by their crests, which are readily visible from orbital images, can record information about recent changes in boundary conditions, such as shifts in wind regime or varying sediment availability. Here, we demonstrate that the density of dune interactions (where neighboring crestlines are close to each other) within a dune field is an indicator of such changes. Using orbiter-based images of 46 dune fields on Earth and Mars, we compiled a database of pattern parameters including dune spacing, crestline orientation, and interaction density. Combined with sediment fluxes derived from ERA5-Land data and a martian global circulation model, we also compiled dune turnover time scales (the time it takes for a dune to migrate one dune length) for each investigated dune field. First, we show that dune fields undergoing changes in boundary conditions display higher than expected dimensionless interaction indices. Second, dune fields with longer turnover times display a wider range in interaction indices on both Earth and Mars because they are more likely to be observed while still adjusting to recent changes in boundary conditions. Thus, a dune field’s interaction index offers a novel tool to detect and possibly quantify recent environmental change on planetary surfaces.
Co-development of traumatic stress symptoms and externalising behaviour problems among foster children and the effect of complex trauma: a latent growth curve model
Authors: Streicher Alina , Haselgruber Alexander , Sölva Katharina , Lueger-Schuster Brigitte
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Foster children are disproportionately exposed to complex trauma, which may lead to multifaceted impairments that manifest in comorbid emotional and behavioural problems. As little is known about the interactions between comorbid disorders over time, the present study aims to explore the co-development of traumatic stress (TS) symptoms and externalising behaviour problems (EBP), as well as the influence of complex trauma operationalised as cumulative child maltreatment (CM).

Setting

As part of a 3-year longitudinal study, children from six foster care facilities in Lower Austria were interviewed at three measurement points.

Participants

Of, in total, 263 participating children, the data of 124 children aged 10–18 years (M=13.5, 28% female) could be analysed.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Latent growth curve models were used to examine the co-development of TS symptoms (International Trauma Questionnaire) and EBP (Child Behaviour Checklist) over time; gender, age and cumulative CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) acted as time-invariant covariates.

Results

While average TS symptoms decreased over time, EBP remained stable. Findings revealed that the initial severity of EBP was both related to the initial severity of TS symptoms and predictive of their rate of change. Cumulative CM was a significant predictor of initial TS symptoms and EBP even after controlling for age and gender, but not for the rates of change.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results indicate that EBP and TS symptoms are not only cross-sectionally associated but interact with each other over time. Furthermore, an underlying complex trauma could at least partly determine the severity of the two symptom groups. In accordance with a trauma-informed care approach, our study highlights the importance of trauma-specific screening of high-risk children with complex or diffuse symptoms and argues for the benefits of treatments that focus on improving emotion regulation and social skills in addition to addressing trauma.
Methods for determination of optimal positive end-expiratory pressure: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Edginton Stefan , Kruger Natalia , Stelfox Henry Tom , Brochard Laurent , Zuege Danny J. , Gaudet Jonathan , Solverson Kevin J. , Robertson Helen Lee , Fiest Kirsten M. , Niven Daniel J. , Bagshaw Sean M. , Parhar Ken Kuljit S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Titrated application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is an important part of any mechanical ventilation strategy. However, the method by which the optimal PEEP is determined and titrated varies widely. Methods for determining optimal PEEP have been assessed using a variety of different study designs and patient populations. We will conduct a scoping review to systematically identify all methods for determining optimal PEEP, and to identify the patient populations, outcomes measured and study designs used for each method. The goal will be to identify gaps in the optimal PEEP literature and identify areas where there may be an opportunity to further systematically synthesise and meta-analyse existing literature.

Methods and analysis

Using scoping review methodology, we will generate a comprehensive search strategy based on inclusion and exclusion criteria generated using the population, concept, context framework. Five different databases will be searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus). Three investigators will independently screen titles and abstracts, and two investigators will independently complete full-text review and data extraction. Included citations will be categorised in terms of PEEP method, study design, patient population and outcomes measured. The methods for PEEP titration will be described in detail, including strengths and limitations.

Ethics and dissemination

Given this is a synthesis of existing literature, ethics approval is not required. The results will be disseminated to stakeholders via presentation at local, regional and national levels, as well as publication in a high-impact critical care journal. There is also the potential to impact local clinical care protocols and inform broader clinical practice guidelines undertaken by societies.
Patient-reported outcomes in CD30-directed CAR-T cells against relapsed/refractory CD30+ lymphomas
Authors: Tschernia Nicholas P , Heiling Hillary , Deal Allison M , Cheng Catherine , Babinec Caroline , Gonzalez Megan , Morrison J Kaitlin , Dittus Christopher , Dotti Gianpietro , Beaven Anne W , Serody Jonathan S , Wood William A , Savoldo Barbara , Grover Natalie S
Published: August 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting CD30 have demonstrated high response rates with durable remissions observed in a subset of patients with relapsed/refractory CD30+ hematologic malignancies, particularly classical Hodgkin lymphoma. This therapy has low rates of toxicity including cytokine release syndrome with no neurotoxicity observed in our phase 2 study. We collected patient-reported outcomes (PROs) on patients treated with CD30 directed CAR-T cells to evaluate the impact of this therapy on their symptom experience. We collected PROs including PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) Global Health and Physical Function questionnaires and selected symptom questions from the NCI PRO-CTCAE in patients enrolled on our clinical trial of CD30-directed CAR-T cells at procurement, at time of CAR-T cell infusion, and at various time points post treatment. We compared PROMIS scores and overall symptom burden between pre-procurement, time of infusion, and at 4 weeks post infusion. At least one PRO measurement during the study period was found in 23 out of the 28 enrolled patients. Patient overall symptom burden, global health and mental health, and physical function were at or above baseline levels at 4 weeks post CAR-T cell infusion. In addition, PROMIS scores for patients who participated in the clinical trial were similar to the average healthy population. CD30 CAR-T cell therapy has a favorable toxicity profile with patient physical function and symptom burden recovering to at least their baseline pretreatment health by 1 month post infusion. Trial registration number:NCT02690545.
Integrated FAHP-FDEMATEL for determining causal relationships in construction crew productivity modelling
Authors: Kedir Nebiyu , Fayek Aminah Robinson
Published: August 2023

Construction crew productivity is affected by the motivation of the crew performing given activities and by situational/contextual factors forming the dynamic construction environment. The literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of causal relationships between crew motivation and situational/contextual factors for dynamic modelling of crew productivity. The contributions of this paper are (1) identifying a set of criteria for performing expert weight assignment for heterogenous group experts in productivity research, (2) proposing an integrated fuzzy analytic hierarchy process–fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory approach that provides a systematic, structured method for determining causal relationship mapping between factors affecting crew productivity, and (3) proposing an approach for identifying cause-and-effect groups among the situational/contextual factors and crew motivation, which can further be used to formulate strategic productivity improvement solutions. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a case study on an actual industrial construction project in Alberta, Canada.
Agricultural land use and morphometry explain substantial variation in nutrient and ion concentrations in lakes across Canada
Authors: Schacht Joe R. Sánchez , MacKeigan Paul W. , Taranu Zofia E. , Huot Yannick , Gregory-Eaves Irene
Published: August 2023

Declines in freshwater quality resulting from anthropogenic nutrient input remain a persistent issue worldwide. Yet, we still have a limited understanding of the magnitude and scale at which most lakes have been affected by human activities, namely Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) alterations. In response, the NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network has compiled the first nationwide systematic database of lake quality metrics by surveying 664 lakes across 12 ecozones over 3 years. To assess the influence of catchment development on water quality and its spatial variation, we built generally additive models and multivariate regressions to quantify the association between watershed LULC and lake temperature, Secchi depth, as well as chlorophyll- a, limiting nutrient, and ion concentrations. We found that agricultural and urban land use explained the greatest proportion of variation in water quality among LULC categories ( R2 = 0.20–0.29). Overall, our study highlights that drivers of water quality are similar across regions; however, baseline conditions vary, so freshwater ecosystem management strategies must consider their geographic context to better predict where water quality thresholds will be surpassed.
Letter to the Membership
Authors: Herder Eelco
Published: August 2023

It is my pleasure to introduce myself and the new members of the SIGWEB Executive Board. After having served four years as a Vice Chair for SIGWEB, I am now in charge as Chair since 1 July. I will be supported by Irwin King (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) as Vice Chair and Alexandra Bonnici (L-Università ta' Malta) as Treasurer, as well as by the former Chair, Peter Brusilovsky, and - last but not least - the many excellent members of the SIGWEB Executive Committee
1
. In this letter, I will give you an overview of the current state of SIGWEB and its conferences, and which directions the SIGWEB community envisions and explores.
Interview with Alessio Antonini
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: August 2023

Dr Alessio Antonini is a research fellow at the Knowledge Media Institute of the Open University (UK). He leads the "Knowledge Architectures" group that focuses on conceptual modeling for research and inter-organization infrastructures applied to, e.g., digital humanities and applied Artificial Intelligence to community and city digital innovations. His research focuses on the phenomenology and aesthetics of interactive and intelligent media, positive computing for digital healthcare and the design of ***Al-enabled health and well-being interventions. His methods focus on the scoping and design of technologies, connecting philosophy of mind, communication pragmatics, cognition and social ontology theories with information and data models, and software engineering requirements for such infrastructures. He is actively advocating and supporting the adoption of digital-informed methodologies and agenda in the Humanities, and Humanities interpretative methods in computer science.
Towards a Generalised Semistructured Data Model and Query Language
Authors: Bergami Giacomo , Zegadło Wiktor
Published: August 2023

Although current efforts are all aimed at re-defining new ways to harness old data representations, possibly with new schema features, the challenges still open provide evidence of the need for a "diametrically opposite" approach: in fact, all information generated in real contexts is to be understood lacking of any form of schema, where the schema associated with such data is only determined a posteriori based on either a specific application context, or from some data's facets of interest. This solution should still enable recommendation systems to manipulate the aforementioned data semantically. After providing evidence of these limitations from current literature, we propose a new Generalized Semistructured data Model that makes possible queries expressible in any data representation through a Generalised Semistructured Query Language, both relying upon script v2.0 as a MetaModel language manipulating types as terms as well as allowing structural aggregation functions.
Hooked on Access: Examining the Voice of Accessibility in Instapoetry
Authors: Knox Jueunhae
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses Instapoetry, one of the newest and most popular forms of social media literature, particularly examining the ways that the genre affords greater access to both readers and writers. While they may disagree on the inherent value of the poetry's minimalist expression, forms, and content, both critics and enthusiasts agree that Instapoetry's colloquial style makes it more "accessible." Yet such accessibility is not necessarily as comprehensive as it may seem on account of issues with platform privacy, the cult of influencerism, and algorithmic restrictions on the Instapoets that average users are exposed to. The paper reflects on the potential consequences of genre homogeneity and insufficient therapeutic accountability in an intimate public, while endeavoring to suggest steps for maintaining access in an environment of excess.
Chaos Engineering of Ethereum Blockchain Clients
Authors: Zhang Long , Ron Javier , Baudry Benoit , Monperrus Martin
Published: August 2023

In this article, we present
ChaosETH
, a chaos engineering approach for resilience assessment of Ethereum blockchain clients.
ChaosETH
operates in the following manner: First, it monitors Ethereum clients to determine their normal behavior. Then, it injects system call invocation errors into one single Ethereum client at a time and observes the behavior resulting from perturbation. Finally,
ChaosETH
compares the behavior recorded before, during, and after perturbation to assess the impact of the injected system call invocation errors. The experiments are performed on the two most popular Ethereum client implementations: GoEthereum and Nethermind. We assess the impact of 22 different system call errors on those Ethereum clients with respect to 15 application-level metrics. Our results reveal a broad spectrum of resilience characteristics of Ethereum clients w.r.t. system call invocation errors, ranging from direct crashes to full resilience. The experiments clearly demonstrate the feasibility of applying chaos engineering principles to blockchain systems.
Direct K-Ras Inhibitors to Treat Cancers: Progress, New Insights, and Approaches to Treat Resistance
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Jang Hyunbum
Published: August 2023

Here we discuss approaches to K-Ras inhibition and drug resistance scenarios. A breakthrough offered a covalent drug against K-RasG12C. Subsequent innovations harnessed same-allele drug combinations, as well as cotargeting K-RasG12Cwith a companion drug to upstream regulators or downstream kinases. However, primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance inevitably emerge. The preexisting mutation load can explain how even exceedingly rare mutations with unobservable effects can promote drug resistance, seeding growth of insensitive cell clones, and proliferation. Statistics confirm the expectation that most resistance-related mutations are in cis, pointing to the high probability of cooperative, same-allele effects. In addition to targeted Ras inhibitors and drug combinations, bifunctional molecules and innovative tri-complex inhibitors to target Ras mutants are also under development. Since the identities and potential contributions of preexisting and evolving mutations are unknown, selecting a pharmacologic combination is taxing. Collectively, our broad review outlines considerations and provides new insights into pharmacology and resistance.
Fabrication and Growth Mechanism of Nano-Octahedrons: A Study on Cu2O Core-Shell Structures for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Parkash Anand
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the process and growth mechanism involved in fabricating nano-octahedrons. Using two key components, CTAB and hydrazine hydrate, leads to the formation of octahedral shapes. A Cu2O octahedral core–shell structure was successfully created by employing a coating technique, and its performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was thoroughly evaluated. Due to its high dispersibility in ammonia solution, Cu2O serves as an excellent representative for other components. Additionally, this chapter provides a detailed account of the production of octahedral nanocages through the ammonia etching method. Notably, the Cu2O nano octahedra demonstrate superior OER performance compared to commercial RuO2, exhibiting a significantly low overpotential of only 370 mV at 10 mA cm−2. These findings bear important implications for designing stable core/shell nanostructures and hollow structures by implementing appropriate chemicals while also deepening our understanding of the formation of octahedral shapes.
Chemistry and Antifungal Activity of Homoisoflavonoids
Authors: Ferreira Alana R. , de Sousa Damião P.
Published: August 2023

This review deals with the antifungal profile of a subclass of natural products known as homoisoflavonoids. These molecules belong to the larger flavonoids class, yet they are less common for presenting an extra carbon in their basic chemical structures. Homoisoflavonoids are important bioactive molecules because they exhibit promising antimutagenic, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. This review lists the principal experimental studies addressing homoisoflavonoid antifungal activity with the aim of discussing the role of these molecules in obtaining new antifungal agents. The vast majority of research consists of antimicrobial screenings. It was noted that sappanin-type homoisoflavonoids commonly exhibit antifungal activity, but their overall antifungal profile is still very little known. Studies evaluating mechanisms of action are needed to better understand the antifungal potential of homoisoflavonoids.
A Custom-Made Surgical Guide for Accurate Enucleation of Nasopalatine Duct Cysts: A Technical Note and Case Report
Authors: Fujioka-Kobayashi Masako , Miyasaka Naoki , Miyasaka Ayako , Koyanagi Masateru , Inada Ryo , Miyasaka Takahiro , Satomi Takafumi
Published: August 2023

Nasopalatine cysts are common nonodontogenic cysts that occur in the maxilla. During the nucleation of large cysts extending to the floor of the nasal cavity, care must be taken to avoid damage to the nasal mucosa. In the present report, an innovative custom-made surgical guide made by a Three-dimensional printer is introduced for accurate enucleation surgery. The patient’s cone-beam computerized tomography and dental model scan data were obtained, and a tooth-supported type of surgical guide was designed containing a circular plate structure showing the size of the cystic region, an indicator that showed the position of the bottom of the cyst, and a sliding stopper that was used to accurately indicate the position of the deepest cyst wall. The surgical tool enabled us to indicate the accurate size, location of the cysts, and approach direction. Although effective and accurate navigation systems have become increasingly available, the cost-effective and accurate computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing surgical guide system introduced in the present report could support the safe enucleation of large nasopalatine duct cysts.
Data from Oxidative phosphorylation fueled by fatty acid oxidation sensitizes leukemic stem cells to cold
Authors: Griessinger Emmanuel , Pereira-Martins Diego , Nebout Marielle , Bosc Claudie , Saland Estelle , Boet Emeline , Sahal Ambrine , Chiche Johanna , Debayle Delphine , Fleuriot Lucile , Pruis Maurien , Mansat-De Mas Veronique , Vergez Francois , Récher Christian , Huls Gerwin , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Peyron Jean-François
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dependency on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a potential weakness for leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a crucial OxPhos-fueling catabolic pathway for some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, particularly chemotherapy-resistant AML cells. Here, we identified cold sensitivity at 4°C (cold killing challenge; CKC4), commonly used for sample storage, as a novel vulnerability that selectively kills AML LSCs with active FAO-supported OxPhos while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Cell death of OxPhos-positive leukemic cells was induced by membrane permeabilization at 4°C; by sharp contrast, leukemic cells relying on glycolysis were resistant. Forcing glycolytic cells to activate OxPhos metabolism sensitized them to CKC4. Lipidomic and proteomic analyzes showed that OxPhos shapes the composition of the plasma membrane and introduces variation of 22 lipid subfamilies between cold-sensitive and cold-resistant cells. Together, these findings indicate that steady-state energy metabolism at body temperature predetermines the sensitivity of AML LSCs to cold temperature, suggesting that cold sensitivity could be a potential OxPhos biomarker. These results could have important implications for designing experiments for AML research to avoid cell storage at 4°C.
Data from Oxidative Phosphorylation Fueled by Fatty Acid Oxidation Sensitizes Leukemic Stem Cells to Cold
Authors: Griessinger Emmanuel , Pereira-Martins Diego , Nebout Marielle , Bosc Claudie , Saland Estelle , Boet Emiline , Sahal Ambrine , Chiche Johanna , Debayle Delphine , Fleuriot Lucile , Pruis Maurien , De Mas Véronique , Vergez François , Récher Christian , Huls Gerwin , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Peyron Jean-François
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dependency on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a potential weakness for leukemic stem cells (LSC) that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a crucial OxPhos-fueling catabolic pathway for some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, particularly chemotherapy-resistant AML cells. Here, we identified cold sensitivity at 4°C (cold killing challenge; CKC4), commonly used for sample storage, as a novel vulnerability that selectively kills AML LSCs with active FAO-supported OxPhos while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells. Cell death of OxPhos-positive leukemic cells was induced by membrane permeabilization at 4°C; by sharp contrast, leukemic cells relying on glycolysis were resistant. Forcing glycolytic cells to activate OxPhos metabolism sensitized them to CKC4. Lipidomic and proteomic analyses showed that OxPhos shapes the composition of the plasma membrane and introduces variation of 22 lipid subfamilies between cold-sensitive and cold-resistant cells. Together, these findings indicate that steady-state energy metabolism at body temperature predetermines the sensitivity of AML LSCs to cold temperature, suggesting that cold sensitivity could be a potential OxPhos biomarker. These results could have important implications for designing experiments for AML research to avoid cell storage at 4°C.
Significance:
Mitochondrial metabolism fueled by FAO alters the membrane composition and introduces membrane fragility upon cold exposure in OxPhos-driven AML and in LSCs.

See related commentary by Jones, p. 2441
Data from Profiling the somatic mutational landscape of breast tumors from Hispanic/Latina women reveals conserved and unique characteristics
Authors: Ding Yuan Chun , Song Hanbing , Adamson Aaron W. , Schmolze Daniel , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Steele Linda , Patrick Carmina S. , Tao Shu , Hernandez Natalie , Adams Charleen D. , Fejerman Laura , Gardner Kevin , Nápoles Anna María. , Perez-Stable Eliseo J. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Bengtsson Henrik , Huang Franklin W. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Somatic mutational profiling is increasingly being used to identify potential targets for breast cancer. However, limited tumor-sequencing data from Hispanic/Latinas (H/L) are available to guide treatment. To address this gap, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing on 146 tumors and WES of matched germline DNA from 140 H/L women in California. Tumor intrinsic subtype, somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and expression profiles of the tumors were characterized and compared to data from tumors of non-Hispanic White (White) women in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Eight genes were significantly mutated in the H/L tumors including PIK3CA, TP53, GATA3, MAP3K1, CDH1, CBFB, PTEN, and RUNX1; the prevalence of mutations in these genes was similar to that observed in White women in TCGA. Four previously reported COSMIC mutation signatures (1, 2, 3, 13) were found in the H/L dataset, along with signature 16 that has not been previously reported in other breast-cancer datasets. Recurrent amplifications were observed in breast-cancer drivers including MYC, FGFR1, CCND1, and ERBB2, as well as a recurrent amplification in 17q11.2 associated with high KIAA0100 gene expression that has been implicated in breast-cancer aggressiveness. In conclusion, this study identified a higher prevalence of COSMIC signature 16 and a recurrent copy number amplification affecting expression of KIAA0100 in breast tumors from H/L compared to White women. These results highlight the necessity of studying under-represented populations.
Data from Deficiency of the Polycomb Protein RYBP and TET Methylcytosine Oxidases Promotes Extensive CpG Island Hypermethylation and Malignant Transformation
Authors: Cui Wei , Huang Zhijun , Jin Seung-Gi , Johnson Jennifer , Lau Kin H. , Hostetter Galen , Pfeifer Gerd P.
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hypermethylation of CpG islands (CGI) is a common feature of cancer cells and predominantly affects Polycomb-associated genomic regions. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms leading to DNA hypermethylation in human cancer could help identify chemoprevention strategies. Here, we evaluated the role of Polycomb complexes and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxidases in protecting CGIs from DNA methylation and observed that four genes coding for components of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) are downregulated in tumors. Inactivation of RYBP, a key activator of variant PRC1 complexes, in combination with all three 5mC oxidases (TET proteins) in nontumorigenic bronchial epithelial cells led to widespread hypermethylation of Polycomb-marked CGIs affecting almost 4,000 target genes, which closely resembled the DNA hypermethylation landscape observed in human squamous cell lung tumors. The RYBP- and TET-deficient cells showed methylation-associated aberrant regulation of cancer-relevant pathways, including defects in the Hippo tumor suppressor network. Notably, the quadruple knockout cells acquired a transformed phenotype, including anchorage-independent growth and formation of squamous cell carcinomas in mice. This work provides a mechanism promoting hypermethylation of CGIs and shows that such hypermethylation can lead to cell transformation. The breakdown of a two-pronged protection mechanism can be a route towards genome-wide hypermethylation of CGIs in tumors.
Significance:
Dysfunction of the Polycomb component RYBP in combination with loss of 5-methylcytosine oxidases promotes widespread hypermethylation of CpG islands in bronchial cells and induces tumorigenesis, resembling changes seen in human lung tumors.
Data from PTEN loss confers resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer by increasing tumor infiltration of regulatory T cells
Authors: Exposito Francisco , Redrado Miriam , Houry Maeva , Hastings Katherine , Molero-Abraham Magdalena , Lozano Teresa , Solórzano José Luis. , Sanz-Ortega Julian , Adradas Vera , Amat Ramon , Redin Esther , Leon Sergio , Legarra Naroa , Garcia Javier , Serrano Diego , Valencia Karmele , Robles-Oteiza Camila , Foggetti Giorgia , Otegui Nerea , Felip Enriqueta , Lasarte Juan J. , Paz-Ares Luis , Zugazagoitia Jon , Politi Katerina , Montuenga Luis , Calvo Alfonso
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be mediated by an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which can be shaped by the mutational landscape of the tumor. Here, we observed genetic alterations in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or loss of PTEN expression in >25% NSCLC patients, with higher frequency in lung squamous carcinomas (LUSCs). Patients with PTEN-low tumors had higher levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and showed worse progression-free survival when treated with immunotherapy. Development of a Pten-null LUSC mouse model revealed that tumors with PTEN loss were refractory to anti-PD-1, highly metastatic and fibrotic, and secreted TGF-β/CXCL10 to promote conversion of CD4+ lymphocytes into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Human and mouse PTEN-low tumors were enriched in Tregs and expressed higher levels of immunosuppressive genes. Importantly, treatment of mice bearing Pten-null tumors with TLR agonists and anti-TGF-β antibody aimed to alter this immunosuppressive microenvironment led to tumor rejection and immunological memory in 100% of mice. These results demonstrate that lack of PTEN causes immunotherapy resistance in LUSC by establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that can be reversed therapeutically.
Data from BRCA1 Insufficiency Induces a Hypersialylated Acidic Tumor Microenvironment that Promotes Metastasis and Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Shu Xiaodong , Li Jianjie , Chan Un In , Su Sek Man , Shi Changxiang , Zhang Xin , An Tingting , Xu Jun , Mo Lihua , Liu Jianlin , Wang Yuqing , Li Xiaoling , Deng Min , Lei Josh Haipeng , Wang Chunfei , Tian Hao , Sun Heng , Shim Joong Sup , Zhang Xuanjun , Dai Yunlu , Yao Zhicheng , Kuang Xiaying , Lin Ying , Deng Chu-Xia , Xu Xiaoling
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cancer metastasis is an extremely complex process affected by many factors. An acidic microenvironment can drive cancer cell migration towards blood vessels while also hampering immune cell activity. Here, we identified a mechanism mediated by sialyltransferases that induces an acidic tumor permissive microenvironment (ATPME) in BRCA1-mutant and most BRCA1-low breast cancers. Hypersialylation mediated by ST8SIA4 perturbed the mammary epithelial bilayer structure and generated an ATPME and immunosuppressive microenvironment with increased PD-L1 and PD1 expression. Mechanistically, BRCA1 deficiency increased expression of VEGF-A and IL6 to activate TGFβ-ST8SIA4 signaling. High levels of ST8SIA4 led to accumulation of polysialic acid (PSA) on mammary epithelial membranes that facilitated escape of cancer cells from immunosurveillance, promoting metastasis and resistance to αPD1 treatment. The sialyltransferase inhibitor 3Fax-Peracetyl Neu5Ac neutralized the ATPME, sensitized cancers to immune checkpoint blockade by activating CD8 T cells, and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Together, these findings identify a potential therapeutic option for cancers with a high level of PSA.
Supplementary Table S3 from Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Association with Cancer-specific and All-cause Mortality among Low-income, Non-Hispanic Black Americans with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lawler Thomas P. , Khankari Nikhil K. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Steinwandel Mark , Cai Qiuyin , Jurutka Peter W. , Zheng Wei , Warren Andersen Shaneda
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table S3: Power analyses for Cox-proportional hazards models concerning the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality outcomes, with adjustment for mortality risk factors
Supplementary Table S1 from Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Association with Cancer-specific and All-cause Mortality among Low-income, Non-Hispanic Black Americans with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lawler Thomas P. , Khankari Nikhil K. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Steinwandel Mark , Cai Qiuyin , Jurutka Peter W. , Zheng Wei , Warren Andersen Shaneda
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table S1: Characteristics of participants by mortality status
Table S4 from Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: August 2023

Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Association Between Neighborhood Contextual Factors at Diagnosis and Somatic Alterations in Tumor Tissue Among US Male Health Professionals with Prostate Cancer Without Adjustment for Body Mass Index
Table S2 from Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: August 2023

Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Associations Between Neighborhood Contextual Factors at Baseline (1988) and Somatic Alterations in Prostate Tumor Tissue in US Male Health Professionals with Prostate Cancer
Figure S1 from Associations between Etiologic or Prognostic Tumor Tissue Markers and Neighborhood Contextual Factors in Male Health Professionals Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iyer Hari S. , Kensler Kevin H. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Stopsack Konrad H. , Roscoe Charlotte , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Jang Thomas L. , Lotan Tamara L. , James Peter , Hart Jaime E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Laden Francine , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: August 2023

Correlation Between Demographic, Lifestyle, and Neighborhood Factors Assessed at Diagnosis Among US Male Health Professionals with Prostate Cancer (n=1,157)
Supplementary Figure 1 from Folate Intake and Ovarian Cancer Risk among Women with Endometriosis: A Case–Control Study from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Ibiebele Torukiri I , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Terry Kathryn L. , Wu Anna H. , Bandera Elisa V. , Qin Bo , Ong Jue-Sheng , Tyrer Jonathan P. , Dixon-Suen Suzanne C. , Modugno Francesmary , Risch Harvey A , Webb Penelope M.
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 shows a flowchart of exclusions to obtain the study population, with the number of cases and controls eligible for the analysis.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Development and Demonstration of Tobacco Treatment Measures for Cancer Registries: Novel Metrics for Quality Improvement
Authors: Hutcheson Tresza D. , Metcalf Tim , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Cox Lisa Sanderson , Hu Jinxiang , Chen Xi , Richter Kimber P.
Published: August 2023

Coding Manual for Cancer Registry Registrars
Supplementary Table 4 from Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Tian Ruiyi , Zong Xiaoyu , Jeon Myung Sik , Luo Jingqin , Colditz Graham A. , Wang Jean S. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Ju Yo-El S. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Puri Varun , Cao Yin
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table 4 shows the association between finer composite sleep score and EAC risk
Supplementary Figure 1 from Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Tian Ruiyi , Zong Xiaoyu , Jeon Myung Sik , Luo Jingqin , Colditz Graham A. , Wang Jean S. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Ju Yo-El S. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Puri Varun , Cao Yin
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 shows the sample selection process
Table S3 from Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Rongqi , Boakye Daniel , Yang Nan , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Yajing , Jiang Fangyuan , Yu Lili , Wang Lijuan , Sun Jing , Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Hamilton Ashleigh C. , Coleman Helen G. , Larsson Susanna C. , Little Julian , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table 3 shows the list of environmental risk factors and their associations with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC).
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Rongqi , Boakye Daniel , Yang Nan , Zhou Xuan , Zhou Yajing , Jiang Fangyuan , Yu Lili , Wang Lijuan , Sun Jing , Yuan Shuai , Chen Jie , Hamilton Ashleigh C. , Coleman Helen G. , Larsson Susanna C. , Little Julian , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Materials and Methods shows the literature search strategy, selection criteria, evidence credibility grading criteria, and PRISMA 2020 Checklist.
Supplementary Table S4 from Associations of Race and Ethnicity with Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Decompensation, and Mortality in US Veterans with Cirrhosis
Authors: VoPham Trang , Cravero Anne , Feld Lauren D. , Green Pamela , Feng Ziding , Berry Kristin , Kim Nicole J. , Vutien Philip , Mendoza Jason A. , Ioannou George N.
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table S4. Competing risks proportional hazards regression for the associations between race/ethnicity and risk of HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, and death in patients with cirrhosis overall and by cirrhosis etiology
Data from Medical Financial Hardship and Food Security among Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Hallgren Emily , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle , Andersen Jennifer A. , Willis Don E. , Thompson Tess , Bryant-Smith Gwendolyn , McElfish Pearl A.
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground:
Some cancer survivors experience medical financial hardship, which may reduce their food security. The purpose of this study was to explore whether medical financial hardship is related to food security among cancer survivors.
Methods:
The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordinal logistic regression to examine the relationship between material, psychological, and behavioral medical financial hardships and household food security (i.e., high, marginal, low, or very low) among individuals ages ≥18 years who reported a cancer diagnosis from a health professional (N = 4,130).
Results:
The majority of the sample reported high household food security (88.5%), with 4.8% reporting marginal, 3.6% reporting low, and 3.1% reporting very low household food security. In the adjusted model, the odds of being in a lower food security category were higher for cancer survivors who had problems paying or were unable to pay their medical bills compared with those who did not [OR, 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–2.82, P = 0.027], who were very worried about paying their medical bills compared with those who were not at all worried (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.64–5.07; P < 0.001), and who delayed medical care due to cost compared with those who did not (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.29–5.09; P = 0.007).
Conclusions:
Food insecurity is rare among cancer survivors. However, medical financial hardship is associated with an increased risk of lower household food security among cancer survivors.
Impact:
A minority of cancer survivors experience medical financial hardship and food insecurity; social needs screenings should be conducted.
Data from Development and Demonstration of Tobacco Treatment Measures for Cancer Registries: Novel Metrics for Quality Improvement
Authors: Hutcheson Tresza D. , Metcalf Tim , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Cox Lisa Sanderson , Hu Jinxiang , Chen Xi , Richter Kimber P.
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground:
Individuals undergoing cancer treatment have better outcomes when they discontinue tobacco use. Few cancer centers systematically provide evidence-based cessation services. As part of a national quality improvement initiative [Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3i)], we collaborated with our cancer registry to develop and implement two tobacco treatment metrics for tracking the provision of behavioral support and pharmacotherapy.
Methods:
Post-development, the tobacco treatment metrics were integrated into the registry for all future patients. We used means and frequencies to summarize tobacco treatment for cases treated between 2017 and 2019, coinciding with the timeframe of C3i participation.
Results:
Of 17,735 cancer cases reviewed, both measures were captured on 17,654 (99.5%) of patients, with 3,091 (17.4%) identified as users of tobacco. Across the 3 years, 557 (18%) of individuals who used tobacco received either tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy or behavioral support; with 478 (15.5%) receiving behavioral counseling, 352 (11.4%) receiving pharmacotherapy, and 273 (8.8%) receiving both—considered gold standard care. Tobacco treatment varied substantially across cancer types. The odds of receiving gold standard care were 2.37 times greater in 2019 compared with 2017. (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.46; P < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
The new metrics demonstrated high completion rates and their potential to track quality improvement efforts over time. They identified suboptimal treatment reach, but a potential increase in treatment over time and greater treatment among tobacco-related versus nontobacco-related cancers.
Impact:
Continued tobacco use worsens cancer care outcomes. Integrating measures into cancer registries is a viable option for tracking tobacco treatment and cessation in the context of cancer care.