bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics analysis in a delayed glucose-insulin model incorporating obesity
Authors: Gao Chunyan , Chen Fangqi , Yu Pei
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the effect of time delay is investigated on the system dynamics of a glucose-insulin model incorporating obesity. Treating the time delay as a bifurcation parameter, the stability switching on the positive equilibrium with global bifurcation is obtained. With the method of normal forms and central manifold theory, the direction and stability of limit cycles arising from Hopf bifurcation are analyzed. Using the method of multiple time scales, the normal form associated with non-resonant double Hopf bifurcation is derived. Moreover, the bifurcations are classified in the two-dimensional parameter plane near the critical point, and numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical results. Our results indicate that time delay in the glucose-insulin model can not only induce Hopf bifurcation and double Hopf bifurcation but also generate multiple stable periodic solutions. These results may help to understand the dynamical mechanism of glucose-insulin metabolic regulation systems, and to design control strategies for regulating and mitigating the occurrence of related diseases.
Interest Rate Forecasting with Principal Component Analysis Based on Long-Run Covariance Matrix
Authors: Hissinaga Hugo , Laurini Márcio
Published: August 2024

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most important methods in analyzing and forecasting the term structure of interest rates. However, there are strong indications that it is not adequate to estimate interest rate factors by traditional PCA when there is time dependence and measurement errors. To correct these problems, it is recommended to use the long-run covariance matrix to estimate the principal components, extracting the correct covariance structure present in these processes. In this work, we show that out-of-sample forecasts for the term structure of interest rates constructed with the PCA using long-run covariance matrices appear to be more accurate compared to predictions based on static covariance matrices.
Assessment, Diagnosis and Management Strategies for Forearm Shaft Non-union: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: MANIGLIO Mauro , AGUIAR Francisco , RONER Simon , ZAIDENBERG Ezequiel E.
Published: August 2024

Forearm non-union poses a challenge in orthopaedic surgery due to its intricate anatomy and functional significance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the assessment, diagnosis and management of forearm non-union. Initial evaluation involves a meticulous history, physical examination and imaging studies to identify factors contributing to non-union, including infection. Surgical approaches are discussed, with emphasis on restoring biomechanical stability and promoting bone healing. Treatment options range from autografts to allografts, with considerations for vascularised bone transfers in complex cases. Decision-making strategies are outlined, considering patient-specific factors and individualised treatment plans. Special considerations for specific types of forearm non-unions are addressed, along with postoperative care protocols to optimise healing and functional outcomes. Overall, this review aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of forearm non-union management based on current evidence and clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Dual Mobility Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty: A Survey on Variations in Surgical Techniques and Patient Management
Authors: TIMÓTEO Agata Durdzińska , KULKARNI Kunal , KNIE Nina Fee , SIALA Mahdi , VAN DER STOK Johan
Published: August 2024

Background: Dual mobility total joint arthroplasty is gaining popularity for trapeziometacarpal joint (TMCJ) arthritis, with evolving indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to obtain detailed insight into the variations in indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation for TMCJ arthroplasty with dual mobility implants, across a large international cohort of surgeons. The secondary aim was to analyse if there were differences in TMCJ arthroplasty between highly and less experienced surgeons.

Methods: An anonymised online survey was developed and distributed to the international hand surgery community of surgeons performing TMCJ arthroplasty. Responses were summarised, and a sub-analysis comparing indications, contra-indications, surgical technique, implant placement, rehabilitation and complications between highly and less experienced surgeons was performed.

Results: Of the 203 included respondents, 59 were considered highly experienced. Most respondents perform TMCJ arthroplasty under regional anaesthesia (84%), via a dorsolateral approach (78%) and with image-guidance for cup placement (84%). However, there is considerable variation in handling of scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) arthritis, cup positioning landmarks, postoperative immobilisation, first extensor compartment release and revision techniques. Highly experienced surgeons performed TMCJ arthroplasty for a larger proportion of their patients undergoing surgery for TMCJ arthritis, and a trapezium smaller than 8 mm or STT-OA was less frequently considered a contra-indication. Highly experienced surgeons preferred freehand osteotomy of the metacarpal and allowed office workers to return to work earlier.

Conclusions: This survey shows that there is considerable variation in (contra)indications, surgical technique and rehabilitation amongst surgeons performing TMCJ arthroplasty, but only a few differences between highly and less experienced surgeons were identified. This data provides a reference for surgeons who want to familiarise themselves with increasingly popular procedure and may help surgeons already performing TMCJ arthroplasty to identify potential topics for future research to optimise its outcome.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
KGDA: A Knowledge Graph Driven Decomposition Approach for Cellular Traffic Prediction
Authors: Gong Jiahui , Li Tong , Wang Huandong , Liu Yu , Wang Xing , Wang Zhendong , Deng Chao , Feng Junlan , Jin Depeng , Li Yong
Published: August 2024

Understanding and accurately predicting cellular traffic data is vital for communication operators and device users, as it facilitates efficient resource allocation and ensures superior service quality. However, large-scale cellular traffic data forecasting remains challenging due to intricate temporal variations and complex spatial relationships. This article proposes a Knowledge Graph Driven Decomposition Approach (KGDA) for precise cellular traffic prediction. The KGDA breaks down the impact of static environmental factors and dynamic autocorrelations of cellular traffic time series, enabling the capture of overall traffic changes and understanding of traffic dependence on past values. Specifically, we propose an urban knowledge graph to capture the static environmental context of base stations, mapping these entities into the same latent space while retaining static environmental knowledge. The cellular traffic is divided into a regular pattern and fluctuating residual components, with the KGDA comprising four modules: a Knowledge Graph Representation Learning model, a traffic regular pattern prediction module, a traffic residual dynamic prediction module, and an attentional fusion module. The first leverages graph neural networks to extract spatial contexts and predict regular patterns, the second utilizes the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model to capture autocorrelations of traffic time series, and the final module integrates the patterns and residuals to produce the final prediction result. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models by more than 10% in forecasting cellular traffic.
Livestock Depredation and Pastoralist Attitudes towards Carnivore in the Landscape of Lions Associated with Gambella National Park, Abobo District, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Abie Getahun Gedif , Goudar Krishnagouda Shankargouda , Ibrahim Hussein , Getachew Gezahegn
Published: August 2024

The livelihoods of individuals in Ethiopia are severely affected by the livestock depredation from wild animals. The main objective of this study is to assess the incidences of livestock predation and pastoralist attitudes towards carnivore in the landscape of lions associated with Gambella National Park in the Abobo district of Western Ethiopia. The study was conducted between September 2017 and May 2018, utilizing a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Data analysis involved the utilization of multiple response analysis, Chi square test, Cramer’s V and Cohen’s Omega, Potential for Conflict Index2, and multinomial regression analysis. Anubis baboon (29.1%), leopard (20.5%), hyena (19.3%), lions (18.6%), and common fox (12.4%) were responsible for depriving cattle, sheep/goat, and fowls. The chi‐square test, along with Cramer’s V and Cohen’s Omega, indicated a relatively smaller effect size for the anubis baboon (ω = 0.220) and the common fox (ω = 0.164), implying a consistent trend of livestock depredation across villages. In contrast, medium effect size for leopards (ω = 0.466), hyenas (ω = 0.449), and lions (ω = 0.324) indicated that livestock depredation across villages was moderately inconsistent. In terms of preventive measures, barns and active guarding were reported options to protect their livestock, with a small effect size (ω = 0.257). Moreover, increased trend of livestock predation was perceived by informants with small effect size (ω = 0.227). Many respondents expressed a negative attitude (73.51%) towards wild animals than positive (8.60%) and neutral (17.90%) attitudes with a small effect size (ω = 0.181). The Potential for Conflict Index2revealed a low consensus for acceptance of livestock depredation by different predators and skewed responses indicating the predominance of negative attitudes, regardless of livestock losses to predators. The regression model revealed that sociodemographic elements such as age, education, and occupation influence people’s attitude. Hence, sustainable and culturally acceptable conservation measures are required to mitigate human‐wildlife​ conflict.
“Negative Energy Magnetic Field”: A Descriptive Qualitative Study on Occupational Stressors among Chinese Hospice Nurses
Authors: Wu Yanming , Mao Ya , Liu Yangchenchen , Yang Erming , Zhou Yuxin , Jin Yuanyuan , Yang Hui
Published: August 2024

Object. To explore occupational stressors among Chinese hospice nurses. Methods. A descriptive qualitative approach was used. We conducted semistructured interviews with 30 hospice nurses from 14 cities in China between August 2023 and February 2024. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for reporting. Results. Hospice nurses perceived themselves as immersed in a persistent “negative energy magnetic field,” emphasizing the pervasive stress they experienced in their work. There are four different levels of occupational stressors among Chinese hospice nurses: (1) individual‐level stressors such as difficulty in managing physical symptoms, dealing with futile resuscitations, and struggling with emotional boundaries; (2) organizational‐level stressors encompassing insufficient financial support and human resources, negative leadership behaviors, and conflicting philosophies in healthcare; (3) societal‐level stressors involving challenges such as avoidance of conversations about death, pragmatism, and implicit communication modes; and (4) acute stressors including patient suicide and sudden patient death. Conclusions. Diverse occupational stressors faced by hospice nurses are greatly influenced by culture. Future research should thoroughly examine these stressors at various levels and consider the cultural impacts on the stress experienced by hospice care nurses within a broader context.
Flutter Control Mechanism of Dual Active Aerodynamic Flaps with Adjustable Mounting Distance for a Bridge Girder
Authors: Wang Zilong , Fang Genshen , Li Ke , Zhao Lin
Published: August 2024

Active flap is an advanced aerodynamic measure that can effectively increase the flutter performance of flexible bridges, but its control mechanism is still confusing due to the complex phenomenon of aerodynamic interference between the deck and flaps. This study proposes an assessment method to clarify the flutter control mechanism of the deck‐flap system by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and quantifies the contribution of the aerodynamic damping from the active flaps. It is found that the composition of active flap to the improvement of flutter performance can be divided into torque effect and interference effect. Also, the torque effect of the flaps mainly provides equivalent positive aerodynamic damping ratio under effective control parameters, but the interference effects with the deck and two flaps are not the same, and the mutual interference effect between the two flaps is very weak. For the purpose of investigating the aerodynamic interference influence between the girder and flaps, the research further discussed the impact of the distance between the deck mounting position and the bridge girder on the system flutter performance. As the distance increases, the flutter performance of the system gradually improves. Also, the torque effect of the leading and trailing flaps will increase with distance. However, the interference effects of the flaps on both sides show different rules. In total aerodynamic damping ratio of the deck‐flap system, the torque effect accounts for about 70% and interference effect accounts for 30%. As the distance increases, the torque effect gradually becomes stronger and the interference effect gradually weakens.
Identification and Validation of Hub Genes and Construction of miRNA‐Gene and Transcription Factor‐Gene Networks in Adipogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Dai Miaomiao , Hong Weisheng , Ouyang Yi
Published: August 2024

Background. Adipogenic differentiation stands as a crucial pathway in the range of differentiation options for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), carrying significant importance in the fields of regenerative medicine and the treatment of conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. However, the exact mechanisms that control the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs are not yet fully understood. Materials and Methods. We procured datasets, namely GSE36923, GSE80614, GSE107789, and GSE113253, from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. These datasets enabled us to perform a systematic analysis, including the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pre‐ and postadipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Subsequently, we conducted an exhaustive analysis of DEGs common to all four datasets. To gain further insights, we subjected these overlapped DEGs to comprehensive gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Following the construction of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, we meticulously identified a cohort of hub genes pivotal to the adipogenic differentiation process and validated them using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, we ventured into the construction of miRNA‐gene and TF–gene interaction networks. Results. Our rigorous analysis revealed a total of 18 upregulated DEGs and 12 downregulated DEGs that consistently appeared across all four datasets. Notably, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway emerged as the top‐ranking pathways significantly implicated in the regulation of these DEGs. Subsequent to the construction of the PPI network, we identified and validated 10 key node genes, namely IL6, FABP4, ADIPOQ, LPL, PLIN1, RBP4, ACACB, NT5E, KRT19, and G0S2. Our endeavor to construct miRNA–gene interaction networks led to the discovery of the top 10 pivotal miRNAs, including hsa‐mir‐27a‐3p, hsa‐let‐7b‐5p, hsa‐mir‐1‐3p, hsa‐mir‐124‐3p, hsa‐mir‐155‐5p, hsa‐mir‐16‐5p, hsa‐mir‐101‐3p, hsa‐mir‐21‐3p, hsa‐mir‐146a‐5p, and hsa‐mir‐148b‐3p. Furthermore, the construction of TF–gene interaction networks revealed the top 10 critical TFs: ZNF501, ZNF512, YY1, EZH2, ZFP37, ZNF2, SOX13, MXD3, ELF3, and TFDP1. Conclusions. In summary, our comprehensive study has successfully unraveled the pivotal hub genes that govern the adipogenesis of MSCs. Moreover, the meticulously constructed miRNA‐gene and TF–gene interaction networks are poised to significantly augment our comprehension of the intricacies underlying MSC adipogenic differentiation, thus providing a robust foundation for future advances in regenerative biology.
Longitudinal Attitude Control and Stability Analysis for a Low Aspect Ratio Flying Wing UAV at High Angle of Attack
Authors: Xin Hongbo , Chen Qingyang , Zhu Bingjie , Wang Peng , Wang Yujie , Lu Yafei , Hou Zhongxi
Published: August 2024

With high aerodynamic efficiency and low observable design for flying wing configuration, the control ability decreases and the flying risk increases, especially during the takeoff and landing processes for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To solve the nonlinear characteristic problem of the flying wing configuration at a high angle of attack (AoA) for a low aspect ratio flying wing UAV, a controllable region and stability analysis method is proposed in the paper. Firstly, the aerodynamic characteristics and static stability of a flying wing UAV are analyzed. Secondly, according to the characteristics of aerodynamic data, an efficient longitudinal trim state calculation method under the low‐speed range is proposed. The trim state contour map can be used effectively with the proposed trim state calculation method, which can further analyze the constraint relationship between different trim states and the controllable region of the UAV. Thirdly, the stability of different trim states is analyzed through the phase portrait between AoA and airspeed. With the analysis result, longitudinal attitude and AoA decoupling control laws are designed based on the incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) method. The effectiveness and adaptability of the designed control methods are verified through simulation at high AoA.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: August 2024

Distribution of the SEER-MHOS Linked Data Resource (1998-2021)
Supplementary Figure 3 from Noninvasive Lung Cancer Subtype Classification Using Tumor-Derived Signatures and cfDNA Methylome
Authors: Li Shuo , Li Wenyuan , Liu Bin , Krysan Kostyantyn , Dubinett Steven M.
Published: August 2024

Tumor copy number variations identified from 27 cfDNA samples for independent validation
Supplementary Table S4 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: August 2024

Pathway analysis results of cluster 7 genes from Figure 4A.
Supplementary Table S2 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: August 2024

Total binding site number in tumor and normal tissue samples.
Supplementary Figure S2 from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: August 2024

GR recruitment to chromatin in key genes correlated with neighborhood violence.
Supplementary Data from The Effect of Exposure to Neighborhood Violence on Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Lung Tumors
Authors: Heath Hannah , Yoo Jin Y. , Akter Sabrina , Jain Atharva , Sharma Vani , McGee Hannah , Soliman Aiman , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Matthews Alicia K. , Winn Robert A. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Kim Sage J.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure Legends
Supplementary Tables from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Tables 1 to 8
Figure S14 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Figure S14
Figure S12 from Mathematical Modeling of Tumor Growth in Preclinical Mouse Models with Applications in Biomarker Discovery and Drug Mechanism Studies
Authors: Zhou Huajun , Mao Binchen , Guo Sheng
Published: August 2024

Figure S12
A Pilot Study of the CD38 Antagonist Daratumumab in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma or Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Campbell Matthew T. , Shah Amishi Y. , Msaouel Pavlos , Tannir Nizar M. , Siefker-Radtke Arlene O. , Kamat Ashish M. , Navai Neema , Dinney Colin P.N. , Rao Priya , Guo Charles C. , Sheth Rahul A. , Venkatesan Aradhana M. , Tidwell Rebecca S. , Yadav Shalini S. , Gu Aidi , Chen Hong , Macaluso Marc , Duan Fei , Basu Sreyashi , Jindal Sonali , Sharma Padmanee
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

We performed a pilot study of daratumumab (an mAb directed against CD38) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and treatment-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Experimental Design:

Patients with MIBC underwent baseline transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by four weekly doses of daratumumab prior to cystectomy. Patients with mRCC underwent baseline and sequential biopsies after eight weekly doses. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints were pathologic complete response rate for the MIBC cohort and objective response rate and progression-free survival for the mRCC cohort. Exploratory analyses included immune monitoring and overall survival. A Bayesian sequential monitoring design for toxicity was used for excessive toxicity.

Results:

In both the MIBC (n = 8) and mRCC (n = 8) cohorts, no toxicity events were encountered. In the MIBC cohort, one patient experienced pathologic complete response rate. In the mRCC cohort, no objective responses were reported, and the median progression-free survival was 1.5 months (95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.8 months). Immune monitoring found significant reductions in NK cells in circulation in both cohorts after treatment. In the tissue analysis, IHC found evidence of diminished CD38 presence in mRCC with treatment, whereas the baseline levels in MIBC were low.

Conclusion:

Treatment with daratumumab was safe. No signal of efficacy was detected in mRCC, and conclusions on the activity in MIBC were limited. Evidence of daratumumab targeting CD38 was detected in circulating immune cells and within the tumor microenvironment of mRCC and MIBC.

Significance:

In this prospective clinical trial of daratumumab, treatment in patients with MIBC and mRCC was safe. Limited efficacy was observed. Treatment with daratumumab resulted in CD38-expressing immune cell subsets to be targeted both in circulation and within the tumor microenvironment.
Utility of Assessing Early Tumor Shrinkage as an Efficacy Predictor in Patients with Non-Surgically Indicated or Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Treated with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab
Authors: Natsuki Seiji , Lee Shigeru , Kasashima Hiroaki , Miki Yuichiro , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Yoshii Mami , Tamura Tatsuro , Shibutani Masatsune , Toyokawa Takahiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Kiyoshi Maeda
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy has been administered as a first-line treatment in Japan since 2022 for patients with unresectable progressive or recurrent esophageal cancer. The efficacy and safety of this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) doublet therapy are now being evaluated, and it is necessary to identify populations that benefit from this treatment at an early phase after initiation. For patients not showing early benefit, changing as soon as possible to other therapeutic strategies could improve their survival outcomes. Therefore, we attempted to identify decision-making factors such as early tumor shrinkage (ETS) based on treatment experience with ICI doublet therapy. Methods: The study included 19 patients who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab for non-surgically indicated or recurrent esophageal cancer between July 2022 and November 2023. Tumors were assessed approximately every 2 months after treatment initiation. The effects of ETS, depth of response (DpR), and clinicopathologic features, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), on progression-free and overall survival were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The mean duration of ICI doublet administration was 5.89 months (range, 1–16 months). At first evaluation, patients who exhibited no tumor progression >20% indicated possible response to ICI doublet therapy, and patients whose tumors shrank even minimally exhibited favorable progression-free survival. Higher DpR at any cut-off line exhibited better progression-free survival than those with lower DpR. Fifteen patients experienced irAEs, with 13 of these patients experiencing irAEs within 3 months of treatment initiation. irAEs were associated with the efficacy of ICI doublet therapy, but efficacy could not be predicted based on early irAE experience. Conclusion: ETS-high, DpR-high, and irAEs might be associated with favorable responses to nivolumab plus ipilimumab. As a predictor of efficacy at an early phase, ETS >0% could be a deciding factor for continuing ICI doublet therapy.
ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА СТАНУ ЯКОСТІ ВОДИ КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА ЗА 2021 РІК
Authors: Бондаренко Ю. Г. , Папач В. В. , Тищук М. М.
Published: August 2024

Мета: вивчити стан якості води Кременчуцького водосховища. Встановити причини розвитку синьо-зелених водоростей (СЗВ) та розробити напрямки оздоровлення водосховища. Вивчити можливий вплив  синьо-зелених водоростей на мікробіологічні та санітарно-хімічні показники води і стан здоров’я людини.
Матеріали і методи. Лабораторно-інструментальні методи дослідження якості води в Кременчуцькому водо­сховищі за санітарно-гігієнічними (температура, забарвленість, розчинений кисень, біологічна потреба кисню (БПКп), перманганатна, біхроматна окислюваність та ін.) і мікробіологічними показниками (індекс лактозопозитивної кишкової палички (ЛКП). Також використовували статистичні, епідеміологічні, бібліографічні, спосте­режні, аналітичні методи досліджень.
Результати. Моніторинговими дослідженнями встановлено, що вода Кременчуцького водосховища в межах Черкаської області зазнає слабкого та помірного ступенів забруднення (II і III ступені). У місцях масового розвитку синьо-зелених водоростей та де вони скупчуються (плями «цвітіння») у відкритих частинах водосховища й у зонах нагону (бухти та узбережжя) вода відноситься до ІV-V ступенів якості води поверхневих водойм.
«Цвітіння» води у водосховищі – це інтегральний результат різкої перебудови гідрологічного і гідрохімічного режиму водосховища, його підсилюючої антропогенної евтрофікації, приклад надзвичайно високої біологічної продуктивності водосховищ по одному-трьох видах СЗВ, які мають виключно пристосувальні особливості.
Висновок. Запобігти небезпечному «цвітінню» води дозволить введення інтегрованого управління водними ресурсами, підвищення контролю за скидами у водойми неочищених стічних вод, перенесення рішення проблем від­ходів на «початок труби», значне зниження фосфорного навантаження на водоймище, що передбачає насамперед скорочення використання детергентів, які містять фосфор.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЇ ТА ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ХВОРОБИ ЛАЙМА НА БУКОВИНІ
Authors: Тимофійчук Л. І. , Власик Л. Й. , Колодніцька Т. Л. , Власик Л. І. , Гопко Н. В.
Published: August 2024

Мета: проаналізувати спонтанний рівень інфікування іксодових кліщів бореліями, оцінити його ступінь та ризик захворіти на хворобу Лайма (ХЛ) постраждалих від укусів кліщами людей.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані епідеміологічного нагляду за захворюваністю на ХЛ (А69.2), дані зооентомологічного моніторингу кліщів та оцінки ступеня індивідуальної інфікованості методом експрес-індикації борелій. Використано соціологічний та статистичний методи: аналіз динамічних рядів, кореляційний аналіз.
Результати. На Буковині за період 2007–2021 рр. мав місце ріст захворюваності на ХЛ, за останній рік уперше обласний рівень перевищив загальноукраїнський показник (6,45 проти 5,85 на 100 тис. населення). Виявлено тенденцію до зростання відсотка спонтанно заражених кліщів Ixodes ricinus бореліми в природних стаціях області (2015–2021) з 2,3 до 22,7 % та знятих з людей – з 7,3 до 39,3 %. Знайдено сильну пряму кореляцію (r=0,88; p˂0,01) між даними показниками. Від 20,8 до 27,5 % доставлених на дослідження кліщів були зняті з людей у перші 3 дні нападу.
Висновки. Наведені дані свідчать про розширення ареалу природних і антропургічних вогнищ ХЛ на території області. Посилення уваги потребують дератизаційні, акарацидні заходи, питання санітарного стану населених пунктів та санітарно-просвітньої роботи. Експрес-індикація борелій у кліщах, що присмокталися до людини, у випадку отримання позитивного результату сприяє ранній профілактиці захворювання.
Insight in the (Phospho)proteome of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Derived From Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Reveals Novel Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Rombouts Karlijn B. , van Merrienboer Tara A.R. , Henneman Alex A. , Knol Jaco C. , Pham Thang V. , Piersma Sander R. , Jimenez Connie R. , Bogunovic Natalija , van der Velden Jolanda , Yeung Kak Khee
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by weakening and dilatation of the aortic wall in the abdomen. The aim of this study was to gain insight into cell-specific mechanisms involved in AAA pathophysiology by analyzing the (phospho)proteome of vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA compared with those of healthy donors.

METHODS:

A (phospho)proteomics analysis based on tandem mass spectrometry was performed on vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA (n=24) and healthy, control individuals (C-SMC, n=8). Following protein identification and quantification using MaxQuant, integrative inferred kinase activity analysis was used to calculate kinase activity scores.

RESULTS:

Expression differences between vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA and healthy, control individuals were predominantly found in proteins involved in ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling (THSD4 [thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 4] and ADAMTS1 [A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1]), energy metabolism (GYS1 [glycogen synthase 1] and PCK2 [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial]), and contractility (CACNA2D1 [calcium voltage-dependent channel subunit α-2/δ-1] and TPM1 [tropomyosin α-1 chain]). Phosphorylation patterns on proteins related to actin cytoskeleton organization dominated the phosphoproteome of vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA . Besides, phosphorylation changes on proteins related to energy metabolism (GYS1), contractility (PARVA [α-parvin], PPP1R12A [protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A], and CALD1 [caldesmon 1]), and intracellular communication (GJA1 [gap junction α-1 protein]) were seen. Kinase activity of NUAK1 (NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1), FYN (tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn), MAPK7 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 7), and STK10 (serine/threonine kinase 10) was different in vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA compared with those from healthy, control individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study revealed changes in expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in various processes responsible for AAA progression and development (eg, energy metabolism, ECM remodeling, actin cytoskeleton organization, contractility, intracellular communication, and cell adhesion). These newly identified proteins, phosphosites, and related kinases provide further insight into the underlying mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction within the aneurysmal wall. Our omics data thereby offer the opportunity to study the relevance, either as drug target or biomarker, of these proteins in AAA development.
Endovascular Treatment With or Without Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Tandem Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Jiang Xin , Li Yanbo , Yang Chuang , Ma Mengmeng , Fang Jinghuan , He Li
Published: August 2024

Background

Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been demonstrated to be effective for patients with tandem occlusion. The efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis before EVT in patients with tandem occlusion remain debatable.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis with PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2023. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days. The secondary outcomes included the successful recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and mortality at 90 days. In total, 9 studies with 1838 enrolled participants were identified. Our results showed that, compared with treatment with EVT alone, intravenous thrombolysis before EVT was associated with a greater proportion of functional independence at 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.14–1.69];
P
=0.001), a greater rate of successful recanalization (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.89];
P
=0.007) and decreased mortality (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50–0.93];
P
=0.02). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage between the intravenous thrombolysis plus EVT group and the EVT alone group (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.79–1.70];
P
=0.45).

Conclusions

In patients with acute ischemic stroke and tandem occlusion, intravenous thrombolysis before EVT was associated with a greater rate of favorable functional outcomes and successful recanalization and a lower mortality rate without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage compared with patients receiving EVT alone.
Transformer-aided dynamic causal model for scalable estimation of effective connectivity
Authors: Nag Sayan , Uludag Kamil
Published: August 2024

Dynamic Causal Models (DCMs) in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) decipher causal interactions, known as Effective Connectivity, among neuronal populations. However, their utility is often constrained by computational limitations, restricting analysis to a small subset of interacting brain areas, typically fewer than 10, thus lacking scalability. While the regression DCM (rDCM) has emerged as a faster alternative to traditional DCMs, it is not without its limitations, including the linearization of DCM terms, reliance on a fixed Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF), and an inability to accommodate modulatory influences. In response to these challenges, we propose a novel hybrid approach named Transformer encoder DCM decoder (TREND), which combines a Transformer encoder with state-of-the-art physiological DCM (P-DCM) as decoder. This innovative method addresses the scalability issue while preserving the nonlinearities inherent in DCM equations. Through extensive simulations, we validate TREND’s efficacy by demonstrating its ability to accurately predict effective connectivity values with dramatically reduced computational time relative to original P-DCM even in networks comprising up to, for instance, 100 interacting brain regions. Furthermore, we showcase TREND on an empirical fMRI dataset demonstrating the superior accuracy and/or speed of TREND compared with other DCM variants. In summary, by amalgamating P-DCM with Transformer, we introduce and validate a pioneering approach for determining effective connectivity values among brain regions, extending its applicability seamlessly to large-scale brain networks.
Widening Participation: How Cypriot Peacebuilding Practitioners are Responding to the “Usual Suspects” Problem
Authors: Barrow Mark
Published: August 2024

While successful peacebuilding efforts require official, top-level negotiations (Track 1), scholars and practitioners agree that facilitating contact and dialogue at the grassroots level is instrumental in reducing prejudice, building trust, and increasing community members’ commitment to peaceful coexistence. However, grassroots-level peace interventions, such as intercommunal training activities and peace education workshops, frequently suffer from the “usual suspects” problem, becoming dominated by people who already are persuaded of the benefits of reconciliation. The problem is widespread in Cyprus, with researchers asserting that the island’s peacebuilding practitioners need to adopt strategies—or “theories of change”—that can engage a broader spectrum of the population. This article explores the usual suspects problem by focusing on a group of practitioners and their engagement strategies. It argues that interventions that conceal their connection to peacebuilding and provide opportunities relating to people’s everyday activities, interests, and livelihoods are more likely to engage individuals who are indifferent to the idea of building peaceful relations.
The Role of General Assembly Resolutions in the Identification of Customary International Law and the Chagos Archipelago Advisory Opinion
Authors: Oliveira Sofia Neto
Published: August 2024

This article analyses how the Chagos Archipelago Advisory Opinion (2019) has contributed to the determination of the role of General Assembly resolutions in the identification of customary norms. By exposing, firstly, the many theories on the weight of these international organisations’ instruments and, secondly, which of these conclusions are considered customary (by the International Law Commission’s work on Identification of Customary Law and by the International Court of Justice’s jurisprudence); it defends that the Chagos advisory opinion has innovated in three main points. Firstly, the resolutions were not subsidiary evidence, but rather the central point of analysis for establishing the existence and scope of the right to self-determination. Secondly, the Court has offered more elements to be observed in these instruments than it ever did. Thirdly, although maintaining the focus on State practice, the Court acknowledged the role of the General Assembly, as one collective organ, on decolonisation as relevant.
A new distributional record of Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852 (Teleostei, Syngnathidae) from Saudi Arabia in the South-Central Red Sea
Authors: CHARLES SANTHOSH , SHORT GRAHAM , DIMECH MARK
Published: August 2024

The common seahorse, Hippocampus kuda, is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific region, occurring from East Africa to Hawaii, where it typically inhabits diverse ecosystems such as estuaries, lagoons, coastal zones, and seagrass beds. Despite its extensive geographic range, reports of its occurrence in the Red Sea remains limited, primarily restricted to the northern region of the Red Sea. Here, we report a new distributional record of H. kuda in Saudi Arabian waters within the south-central Red Sea. A single female specimen of H. kuda was collected through trawling conducted off the coast of Al Qunfudah at depths ranging from 15 to 20 meters. Morphological and molecular examination confirmed the identity of the specimen as H. kuda. The new record of H. kuda represents the second occurrence of this species in south-central Red Sea and expands its known distribution range 367 kilometers further south than the first reported record off Jeddah in 1838.
Is it possible to use the male calling signal analysis for species diagnostics in Dictyophara Germar, 1833 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae)?
Authors: TISHECHKIN DMITRI YU.
Published: August 2024

Comparative analysis of the male calling signals of five species of Dictyophara showed that signals of different species do not differ either in oscillograms and frequency spectra or in the mean values and ranges of the pulse repetition period. D. europaea differs from four other species by the specific trend of the pulse repetition period change from the beginning to the end of signal; signals of D. pannonica, D. scolopax, D. avocetta, and D. nekkana are indistinguishable in this parameter. Thus, unlike most other Auchenorrhyncha, in Dictyophara, the male calling signal analysis cannot be used for species diagnostics. Apparently, sympatric species of this genus, in addition to the male calling signals, use some other cues for a conspecific mate recognition.
The Embassy, the Ambush, and the Ogre
Authors: Morales-Harley Roberto
Published: August 2024

This volume presents a sophisticated and intricate examination of the parallels between Sanskrit and Greco-Roman literature. By means of a philological and literary analysis, Morales-Harley hypothesizes that Greco-Roman literature was known, understood, and recreated in India. Moreover, it is argued that the techniques for adapting epic into theater could have been Greco-Roman influences in India, and that some of the elements adapted within the literary motifs (specifically the motifs of the embassy, the ambush, and the ogre) could have been Greco-Roman borrowings by Sanskrit authors.

This book draws on a wide variety of sources, including Iliad, Phoenix, Rhesus and Cyclops (Greco-Roman) as well as Mahābhārata, The Embassy, The Five Nights and The Middle One (Sanskrit). The result is a well-supported argument which presents us with the possibility of cultural exchange between the Greco-Roman world and India – a possibility which, though hypothetical, is worth acknowledging.

Due to its comparative nature, this volume will appeal to both Indologists and Classicists, including Mahābhārata scholars, Sanskrit theater scholars, and those interested in comparative work with Sanskrit literature. It brings an original perspective to the field, and provides inspiration for new lines of research.
2. The Embassy
Authors: Morales-Harley Roberto
Published: August 2024

Chapter 2 focuses on Iliad 9, Euripides’ Phoenix, Mahābhārata 5, and (Ps.-)Bhāsa’s The Embassy. For the embassy motif, six parallel adaptation techniques are identified, and a Greco-Roman influence is proposed for the uses of ekphrasis and it-fiction.
3. The Ambush
Authors: Morales-Harley Roberto
Published: August 2024

Chapter 3 deals with the ambush motif in Iliad 10, Ps.-Euripides’ Rhesus, Mahābhārata 4, and (Ps.-)Bhāsa’s The Five Nights. In this case, nine parallelisms are highlighted between the plays, including the subjects of death and violence on stage (frowned upon in both traditions) as well as what closely mirrors Aristotelian anagnorisis in Sanskrit theater.
4. The Ogre
Authors: Morales-Harley Roberto
Published: August 2024

In Chapter 4, Odyssey 9, Euripides’ Cyclops, Mahābhārata 1, and (Ps.-)Bhāsa’s The Middle One allow for a comparison of the ogre motif. With twelve parallelisms (some of which had been previously noted by E. B. West), this comes across as the most compelling argument for influences and borrowings, even Roman ones, since Plautus seems to offer the greatest commonalities.
Exploitation of Ethiopian Coffee Land-race Potentials: Market Demand Oriented Specialty Variety Development
Authors: Addisu Melaku , Beksisa Lemi , Alemayehu Desalegn , Ayano Ashenafi , Tefera Fekadu , Benti Tadesse , Sualeh Abrar , Nasiro Kalifa , Zakir Mohammedsani , Merga Dawit , Giddisa Gabisa , Adugna Asfaw , Ajema Leta , Girma Sintayehu
Published: August 2024

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the major cash crop of Ethiopia. The country is ecologically very diverse which allows the coffee plant to grow under wide range of environments between altitudes of 550 to 2600 m. a.s.l. Ethiopia, being the place of origin for Arabica coffee, is endowed with genetic pool wealth of the crop and with enabling environmental conditions to sustainably produce and supply fine specialty coffee that can address emerging international market demand. The prevailing wide range of ecological condition in the country has have allowed the production of coffees of different types that are with uniquely distinctive quality profile, resistance to major diseases, plant growth and yield potential among many other desirable traits. Of the coffees produced in Ethiopia, the most popular internationally branded types (named depending on area of production) are; Sidama, Yirga-cheffe, Limmu, Gimbi and Harerghe coffees. These specific coffee localities, despite their valuable potential and the recognition they deserved on the world market, were lacking their own improved local varieties where they had been using coffee varieties released for other areas (south-western region) until the 2010. However, most of southwest varieties showed multitude of constraints such as poor adaptation and inherent quality adulteration under the locations. Cognizant of this problem, local land race variety development program was designed and implemented to promote sustainable production of the distinct coffee types by origin maintaining inherent qualities of the specific localities for enhanced export market expansion. Through this breeding approach so far, outstanding achievements were recorded in germplasm collection, evaluation for desirable agronomical traits, and generation of basic information on the genetics aspects, and development and release of 12 speciality varieties suiting for the specific coffee landraces in Ethiopia, i.e., 4 Harerghe, 4 Wollega/Gimbi, 3 Sidama/Yirgachefe and 1 Limu coffees. As the main focus areas of future Arabica coffee landrace improvement program, it would be vital to give due attention to further identification of new and distinctive landraces, extensive collection of coffee genetic resource from unaddressed localities, application of molecular breeding techniques such as marker assisted selection and breeding for major /emerging/ diseases and stress tolerance, among others.
Is world politics class politics? States, social forces and voting in the United Nations General Assembly 1946–2020
Authors: Lees Nicholas
Published: August 2024

Class is often neglected as a factor influencing foreign policy. While recent research explains the foreign policy positions of states in terms of the preferences of a ruling regime’s key constituencies of support, these accounts have not investigated how inter-state relations are influenced by specific class-based social forces. Influenced by liberal pluralism, they are agnostic about the role of class. By contrast, neo-Gramscian approaches conceptualise foreign policy as resulting from the configuration of class-based social forces, which form a ‘state-society complex’ in conjunction with institutions. The foreign policy stances of states have social foundations. Drawing on an expert survey by the Varieties of Democracy project, fixed-effects and first-difference regression analyses indicate that dependence on support from specific class-based groups is associated with distinct voting positions at the United Nations General Assembly. These findings are consistent with the argument that foreign policy has social foundations: class politics shapes world politics.