bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JAK Inhibition in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome: a Monocentric Multidisciplinary Real-World Approach Study
Authors: Frémond Marie-Louise , Hully Marie , Fournier Benjamin , Barrois Rémi , Lévy Romain , Aubart Mélodie , Castelle Martin , Chabalier Delphine , Gins Clarisse , Sarda Eugénie , Al Adba Buthaina , Couderc Sophie , D’ Almeida Céline , Berat Claire-Marine , Durrleman Chloé , Espil Caroline , Lambert Laetitia , Méni Cécile , Périvier Maximilien , Pillet Pascal , Polivka Laura , Schiff Manuel , Todosi Calina , Uettwiller Florence , Lepelley Alice , Rice Gillian I. , Seabra Luis , Sanquer Sylvia , Hulin Anne , Pressiat Claire , Goldwirt Lauriane , Bondet Vincent , Duffy Darragh , Moshous Despina , Bader-Meunier Brigitte , Bodemer Christine , Robin-Renaldo Florence , Boddaert Nathalie , Blanche Stéphane , Desguerre Isabelle , Crow Yanick J. , Neven Bénédicte
Published: May 2023

The paradigm type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is most typically characterized by severe neurological involvement. AGS is considered an immune-mediated disease, poorly responsive to conventional immunosuppression. Premised on a chronic enhancement of type I interferon signaling, JAK1/2 inhibition has been trialed in AGS, with clear improvements in cutaneous and systemic disease manifestations. Contrastingly, treatment efficacy at the level of the neurological system has been less conclusive. Here, we report our real-word approach study of JAK1/2 inhibition in 11 patients with AGS, providing extensive assessments of clinical and radiological status; interferon signaling, including in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and drug concentrations in blood and CSF. Over a median follow-up of 17 months, we observed a clear benefit of JAK1/2 inhibition on certain systemic features of AGS, and reproduced results reported using the AGS neurologic severity scale. In contrast, there was no change in other scales assessing neurological status; using the caregiver scale, only patient comfort, but no other domain of everyday-life care, was improved. Serious bacterial infections occurred in 4 out of the 11 patients. Overall, our data lead us to conclude that other approaches to treatment are urgently required for the neurologic features of AGS. We suggest that earlier diagnosis and adequate central nervous system penetration likely remain the major factors determining the efficacy of therapy in preventing irreversible brain damage, implying the importance of early and rapid genetic testing and the consideration of intrathecal drug delivery.
“What is language for us?”: Community-based Anishinaabemowin language planning using TEK-nology
Authors: Meighan Paul J.
Published: May 2023

Language planning and policy (LPP), as a field of research, emerged to solve the “problem” of multilingualism in newly independent nation-states. LPP’s principal emphasis was the reproduction of one-state, one-language policies. Indigenous languages were systematically erased through top-down, colonial medium-of-instruction policies, such as in Canadian residential schools. To this day, ideologies and policies still privilege dominant classes and languages at the expense of Indigenous and minoritized groups and languages. To prevent further erasure and marginalization, work is required at multiple levels. There is growing consensus that top-down, government-led LPP must occur alongside community-led, bottom-up LPP. One shared and common goal for Indigenous language reclamation and revitalization initiatives across the globe is to promote intergenerational language transmission in the home, the community, and beyond. The affordances of digital and online technologies are also being explored to foster more self-determined virtual communities of practice. Following an Indigenous research paradigm, this paper introduces theTEK-nology(Traditional Ecological Knowledge [TEK] and technology) pilot project in the Canadian context.TEK-nologyis an immersive, community-led, and technology-enabled Indigenous language acquisition approach to support Anishinaabemowin language revitalization and reclamation. TheTEK-nologypilot project is an example of bottom-up, community-based language planning (CBLP) where Indigenous community members are the language-related decision-makers. This paper demonstrates that Indigenous-led, praxis-driven CBLP, usingTEK-nology, can support Anishinaabemowin language revitalization and reclamation and more equitable, self-determined LPP. The CBLPTEK-nologyproject has implications for status and acquisition language planning; culturally responsive LPP methodologies; and federal, provincial, territorial, and family language policy.
Impact of women on corporate boards of directors on product quality
Authors: Korenkiewicz Dorota , Maennig Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

We analyze the impact of women on corporate boards of directors on product quality. We innovate firstly by integrating the broad but fragmented research on the topic, offering a first simultaneously testing of a larger set of variables identified to be significant in earlier studies. Second, we add alternative indicators of female representation in board of directors as a potential determinant of product quality. Third, we use evaluation scores of goods by the nonprofit foundation “Stiftung Warentest” as a quality indicator, thus adding to a regionally diversified evidence. We find a significant positive effect of female board directors on product quality.
Why we have duties of autonomy towards marginal agents
Authors: Hirsch Anna
Published: May 2023

Patients are usually granted autonomy rights, including the right to consent to or refuse treatment. These rights are commonly attributed to patients if they fulfil certain conditions. For example, a patient must sufficiently understand the information given to them before making a treatment decision. On the one hand, there is a large group of patients who meet these conditions. On the other hand, there is a group that clearly does not meet these conditions, including comatose patients or patients in the late stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Then there is a group of patients who fall into the range in between. At the lower end of this range are so-called ‘marginal agents,’ which include young children and patients in the middle stages of Alzheimer’s disease. They also do not meet the typical requirements for autonomy, which is why they are usually granted fewer autonomy rights. However, some of them are capable of ‘pre-forms’ of autonomy that express what is important to them. These pre-forms differ from mere desires and reflect the identification/authenticity condition of autonomy. They have something in common with autonomous attitudes, choices, and actions – namely, they express thevalueof autonomy. As I will argue, autonomy is a value worthy of protection and promotion – even in its non-reflexive forms. Against this background, it becomes clearwhywe have autonomy duties, more precisely positive, autonomy-enabling duties, towards marginal agents and why we should give them as much attention as autonomy duties towards competent patients.
Seductive details hamper learning even when they do not disrupt
Authors: Kienitz Anna , Krebs Marie-Christin , Eitel Alexander
Published: May 2023

Previous research often revealed detrimental effects of seductive details on learning with multimedia instruction, but there are mixed findings regarding how to best explain these detrimental effects. We investigated whether the detrimental effects of seductive details are mainly mediated by the cognitive processes of diversion (deeper processing of seductive details rather than pertinent content) or disruption (unsuccessful attempts to integrate seductive details with pertinent content) by assessing the effects of instructional prompts. In an online learning experiment, participants (N = 247) learned either without seductive details (control condition) or with seductive details in one of three conditions: Participants received either a prompt informing them about the irrelevance of seductive details (irrelevance-prompt), a prompt to process seductive details and pertinent content separately (separation-prompt), or no prompt within their task instruction. We assessed recall and transfer of knowledge as dependent variables. Supporting the diversion hypothesis, participants in the no-prompt condition regarded seductive details as more relevant and consequently spent more time processing them compared to participants in the irrelevance-prompt condition, which negatively influenced their recall performance. Against the disruption hypothesis, participants in the no-prompt condition reported lower integration avoidance between seductive details and pertinent content compared to participants in the separation-prompt condition, but this led to better rather than worse transfer performance. Our results thus suggest diversion, and not disruption, to be the main process driving the seductive details effect. Reducing the details’ diverting potential seems a good way to deal with seductive details in instruction.
The Effect of Ta, Mg, and Zn Content on the Properties of Ti-Ta-Mg and Ti-Ta-Zn Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Hot Pressing
Authors: Kozłowski Mikołaj , Adamek Grzegorz , Siwak Piotr , Jakubowicz Jaroslaw
Published: May 2023

The main goal of this study was to achieve poreless titanium alloys with nanocrystalline structure. To this end, the influence of Ta, Mg and Zn content on the properties of Ti alloys was investigated. At first, nanocrystalline powders of TixTayMg and TixTayZn, where x = (30 and 40 wt.%) and y = (3 and 5 wt.%), were prepared using the mechanical alloying process at room temperature. Then, hot-pressing at 750 °C under vacuum was applied for 10 s to consolidate powders. The structure, microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wettability and MTT assay have been investigated. Alloys with Mg were allowed to undergo a shorter mechanical alloying process, achieve greater grain refinement after consolidation and improve mechanical properties. In all cases with increasing amounts of additives in titanium, more Ti-β phase was available. Furthermore, with increasing elements content, hot-pressed alloys consisting of Mg tended to have a more hydrophobic surface. According to the MTT test, all new alloys show non-toxic properties. Among all alloys tested in this study, Ti40Ta5Mg had the most interesting properties for biomedical applications, the highest content of Ti-β phase (81.3%), lowest porosity (0.07%), lowest Young modulus (102.1 GPa) and the lowest surface free energy (38.45 mN/m).
Heterologous Expression of Plantaricin 423 and Mundticin ST4SA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rossouw Michelle , Cripwell Rosemary A. , Vermeulen Ross R. , van Staden Anton D. , van Zyl Willem H. , Dicks Leon M. T. , Viljoen-Bloom Marinda
Published: May 2023

Antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins are excellent candidates for alternative antimicrobials, but high manufacturing costs limit their applications. Recombinant gene expression offers the potential to produce these peptides more cost-effectively at a larger scale. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a popular host for recombinant protein production, but with limited success reported on antimicrobial peptides. Individual recombinant S. cerevisiae strains were constructed to secrete two class IIa bacteriocins, plantaricin 423 (PlaX) and mundticin ST4SA (MunX). The native and codon-optimised variants of the plaA and munST4SA genes were cloned into episomal expression vectors containing either the S. cerevisiae alpha mating factor (MFα1) or the Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 (XYNSEC) secretion signal sequences. The recombinant peptides retained their activity and stability, with the MFα1 secretion signal superior to the XYNSEC secretion signal for both bacteriocins. An eight-fold increase in activity against Listeria monocytogenes was observed for MunX after codon optimisation, but not for PlaX-producing strains. After HPLC-purification, the codon-optimised genes yielded 20.9 mg/L of MunX and 18.4 mg/L of PlaX, which displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 108.52 nM and 1.18 µM, respectively, against L. monocytogenes. The yields represent a marked improvement relative to an Escherichia coli expression system previously reported for PlaX and MunX. The results demonstrated that S. cerevisiae is a promising host for recombinant bacteriocin production that requires a simple purification process, but the efficacy is sensitive to codon usage and secretion signals.
Surface morphology influences of PBF-LB manufactured Ti6Al4V parts on adhesive bond strength—investigation of as-built and surface-treated conditions
Authors: Ertürk Emre , Musil Bruno , Diez Gregor , Felber Christian , Höfer Philipp
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing in combination with adhesive bonding enables high lightweight potential in structural design. A decisive factor for high adhesive bond performance are the surface properties. In the present work, the surface morphology of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processed Ti6Al4V parts was investigated in the as-built condition for the build orientations 0°, 45°, 90°. Furthermore, subsequent surface treatment by grit blasting or laser treatment allowed to modify the surface morphology and examine its effect on the bond strength. The surface characteristics were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy and contact angle measurements. Evaluating the bond strength was done for tensile loading by centrifugal adhesion testing. The lowest bond strength was found for 0° oriented specimens, while the 45° and 90° oriented samples showed similar strengths. Fracture surface analysis of the as-built surfaces showed that the partially melted particles remain attached and cause mechanical interlocking. Furthermore, surface treatment by grit blasting allowed a minor improvement of the bond strength, while with laser treatment a significant increase was possible.
Accuracy requirements for the road friction coefficient estimation of a friction-adaptive automatic emergency steer assist (ESA)
Authors: Ahrenhold Tim , Iatropoulos Jannes , Henze Roman
Published: May 2023

The number of traffic accidents resulting in personal injury and property damage is increasingly being reduced by effective advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Nevertheless, many traffic accidents still cannot be prevented today because they are due to wet, snow- and ice-covered roads. For this reason, the Institute of Automotive Engineering (IAE) of the Technical University of Braunschweig is investigating the road friction coefficient sensitivity and adaptation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) currently in series production from 2018 to 2021 as part of the ‘Road Condition Cloud’ research project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) to increase driving safety, particularly on wet, snow- and ice-covered roads. In this article, the road friction coefficient sensitivity and adaptation of an automatic emergency steer assist is simulatively investigated. This assist overrides the driver to automatically execute an evasive maneuver. The driving maneuver used is a standardized obstacle-avoidance maneuver that is simulatively repeated on a dry, wet, snow- and ice-covered road. The road friction coefficient sensitivity shows that this test is already failed on a wet road because the simulated vehicle does not pass the second lane without errors. Subsequently, a road friction coefficient adaptation of the emergency steer assist is investigated. This adaptation varies the maximum lateral acceleration of the evasive trajectory depending on an estimated value of the road friction coefficient in order not to exceed the maximum adhesion coefficient of the wheels during the evasive maneuver. Ideally, the estimated value matches the true road friction coefficient so that the second lane is passed without errors even on a wet, snow- and ice-covered road. In contrast, an existing difference determines whether the second lane is reached. Finally, the necessary accuracy requirements of the road friction coefficient estimation are determined in an novel estimation error diagram. A road friction coefficient adaptation increases the driving safety of driver advanced assistance systems (ADAS) that are in series production today and future highly automated driving functions (HAF) and is necessary for automated driving because the driver is not present as a fallback level. The described results were presented before in [1].
Effects of perinatal stress on the metabolites and lipids in plasma of dairy goats
Authors: Huang Yan , Kong Yezi , Li Bowen , Zhao Chenxu , Loor Juan J. , Tan Panpan , Yuan Yang , Zeng Fangyuan , Zhu Xiaoyan , Qi Simeng , Zhao Baoyu , Wang Jianguo
Published: May 2023

Dairy goats experience metabolic stress during the peripartal period, and their ability to navigate this stage of lactation is related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. Unlike dairy cows, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of changes in the plasma profiles of peripartal dairy goats, particularly using high-throughput techniques. A subset of 9 clinically-healthy dairy goats were used from a cohort of 96 primiparous Guanzhong dairy goats (BCS, 2.75 ± 0.15). Blood samples were collected at seven time points around parturition (d 21, 14, 7 before parturition, the day of kidding, and d 7, 14, 21 postpartum), were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics and targeted lipidomics. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model revealed a total of 31 differential metabolites including p-cresol sulfate, pyruvic acid, cholic acid, and oxoglutaric acid. The pathway enrichment analysis identified phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle as the top three significantly-altered pathways. The Limma package identified a total of 123 differentially expressed lipids. Phosphatidylserine (PS), free fatty acids (FFA), and acylcarnitines (ACs) were significantly increased on the day of kidding, while diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG) decreased. Ceramides (Cer) and lyso-phosphatidylinositols (LPI) were significantly increased during postpartum period, while PS, FFA, and ACs decreased postpartum and gradually returned to antepartum levels. Individual species of FFA and phosphatidylcholines (PC) were segregated based on the differences in the saturation and length of the carbon chain. Overall, this work generated the largest repository of the plasma lipidome and metabolome in dairy goats across the peripartal period, which contributed to our understanding of the multifaceted adaptations of transition dairy goats.
The Creation of European Citizenship: Constitutional Miracle or Myopia?
Authors: BARNARD Catherine , LEINARTE Emilija
Published: May 2023

EU citizenship, now so central to the European Union's project, remains a highly contested concept in respect of its meaning, its scope, and its purpose. By considering the large body of legal texts and their travaux préparatoires from the 1972 Paris European Council until the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, we have explored what the original drafters had in mind in developing the concept of EU citizenship and, crucially, what they did not. The article argues that the notion of European citizenship was seen as a tool to define European identity, and thus to continue the building of the European Union as a whole. European citizenship was thus viewed through a constitutional prism from the outset. The constitutional approach to the concept of European citizenship fed into the wider constitutionalisation project under the Maastricht Treaty and, later, permeated the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. We wish to argue that this focus on the constitutional nature of EU citizenship overlooked the more practical implications of citizenship, such as how to manage immigration flows or the infrastructure changes needed in the host state to accommodate a significant number of arrivals of EU citizens (in particular in respect of housing and social welfare benefits). It took more than 20 years after the introduction of EU citizenship for the Court of Justice to become aware of the practical, as opposed to constitutional, implications of the direction of travel it had pursued. By that time, it was too late for the United Kingdom, one of the countries which had received the largest number of EU citizens; the UK voted by a narrow margin to leave the European Union.
Trust and Transparency in Insurance Contract Law: European Regulation and Comparison of Laws
Authors: KEGLEVIĆ STEFFEK Ana
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine transparency principles under English and German Law, EU acquis and PEICL and to answer the question whether current legal regulation reflects high standards of transparency requirements and offer adequate consumer protection. The author is particularly interested in investigating are there any typical, common or shared characteristics in the regulation of transparency requirements across these jurisdictions. The focus of this paper is on consumer insurance contracts only. The main argument is that through transparency we can build consumer's trust in insurance market and offer adequate consumer protection.
Public Law’s Cerberus: A Three-Headed Approach to Charter Rights-Limiting Administrative Decisions
Authors: Stacey Richard
Published: May 2023

This article offers a theoretical and doctrinal solution to a vexing question in public law: how to determine the justifiability of Charter rights-limiting administrative decisions. The jurisprudence suggests three approaches, or modes of reasoning: minimal impairment analysis, ‘interest balancing’, and ‘values-advancing reasoning’. Like Cerberus, the guard dog of Hades, Canadian public law has become three-headed. While scholars and courts argue about which mode of reasoning is categorically best, the culture of justification compels us to ask instead which provides the most compelling explanation for each rights-limiting decision. Just as cutting off one of Cerberus’s heads would diminish his effectiveness as a guard dog, rejecting either of the modes of reasoning would limit decision makers’ capacity to explain their decisions and undermine a culture of justification. The article makes a theoretical case for retaining all three modes of reasoning and sets out a doctrinal approach to determining when each is applicable.
Adverse childhood experiences and craving: Results from an Italian population in outpatient addiction treatment
Authors: Russo Claudio , Bonfiglio Natale Salvatore , Orlando Eva , Falcone Giuseppe , Iuliano Lucia , Grandinetti Antonietta , Acconcia Carmine , Napoletano Adriana , Conte Giada , Landi Barbara , Truono Giovanni , D’Alto Marco , Penna Maria Pietronilla , De Luna Antonio
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite the growing interest in addiction research, which demonstrates the potential predictive role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), little is known about their impact on the psychological symptoms of craving.

Methods

After reviewing the relevant diagnostic criteria for addiction and comorbid mental disorders along with routinely collected clinical and service-use data, 208 outpatients were assessed on the study protocol. Following the recruitment phase, nominal and ordinal data were analyzed using nonparametric methods.

Results

Most of the outpatients reported ACEs (89.1%) and experienced cravings (73.4–95.7%). A positive association between ACEs and either intention and preplanning (r = .14, p < .05) or lack of control (r = .15; p < .05) of the craving behavior was found.

Conclusion

Craving behavior in addiction remains a subject of debate. Although correlation analyses showed significant associations between reported ACEs and measures of craving, they were relatively small.
Parameterization of turbulence modulation by finite-size solid particles in forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Peng Cheng , Sun Qichao , Wang Lian-Ping
Published: May 2023

Turbulence modulation by finite-size particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) has been investigated numerically and experimentally in many studies, but its controlling parameters are not fully clear. In this work, four non-dimensional parameters governing the turbulent modulation by non-settling particles, i.e.

$Re_\lambda$

of the background HIT, the particle-to-fluid density ratio

$\rho _p/\rho _f$

, the relative particle size

$d_p/\eta$

and the particle volume fraction

$\phi _v$

, are identified through dimensional analysis. Then, a parameterization study is conducted based on results from fully resolved direct numerical simulations to investigate the influence of the above non-dimensional parameters on the modulation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and viscous dissipation rate. Empirical models that quantitatively predict the modulation of TKE and dissipation rate are then developed by fitting in the simulation results. These models are used to examine the turbulence modulation results reported in the literature. The model predictions and the data points of TKE modulation show reasonable agreement, but the model predicting the modulation of dissipation rate needs further deliberation as the credibility of the available data points is currently difficult to assess. The generality and the physics behind these empirical models also require further investigation.
The intergenerational transmission of filial norms and children’s provision of long-term care to parents
Authors: Diederich Freya , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian
Published: May 2023

In the light of an increasing future demand for long-term care services in ageing societies, families’ provision for current and future long-term care needs has been subject to debate. Within this context, there is little discussion about parents’ incentives to socialise their children to their own traits to achieve a desired child behaviour. Our study contributes to the literature by analysing to what extent parents transmit filial norms to their children and whether this transmission process affects children’s care-giving behaviour if a parent needs long-term care. Using data from the German Family Panel, we initially analyse the transmission of filial norms from mothers and fathers to their children. Second, we examine the importance of filial norms that prevail in the child’s local environment. Third, we assess whether an intergenerational transmission of norms transmits into child behaviour if a parent needs long-term care. We estimate linear regression models and account for child and parent characteristics as well as for the living environment. The results show that children have stronger filial norms when both parents report stronger filial norms. But, children also tend to be influenced by average norms in their local environment. Furthermore, children are more likely to provide support to a parent in need when their filial norms are stronger. We conclude that children’s filial norms are at least partially shaped via a process of socialisation and that these norms transmit into children’s care-giving behaviour if a parent needs long-term care. It is, therefore, important that filial norms that prevail in a society are in accordance with the institutional long-term care system that prevails within that country.
CBT for difficult-to-treat depression: self-regulation model
Authors: Barton Stephen B. , Armstrong Peter V. , Robinson Lucy J. , Bromley Elizabeth H.C.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression but a significant minority of clients do not complete therapy, do not respond to it, or subsequently relapse. Non-responders, and those at risk of relapse, are more likely to have adverse childhood experiences, early-onset depression, co-morbidities, interpersonal problems and heightened risk. This is a heterogeneous group of clients who are currently difficult to treat.

Aim:

The aim was to develop a CBT model of depression that will be effective for difficult-to-treat clients who have not responded to standard CBT.

Method:

The method was to unify theory, evidence and clinical strategies within the field of CBT to develop an integrated CBT model. Single case methods were used to develop the treatment components.

Results:

A self-regulation model of depression has been developed. It proposes that depression is maintained by repeated interactions of self-identity disruption, impaired motivation, disengagement, rumination, intrusive memories and passive life goals. Depression is more difficult to treat when these processes become interlocked. Treatment based on the model builds self-regulation skills and restructures self-identity, rather than target negative beliefs. A bespoke therapy plan is formed out of ten treatment components, based on an individual case formulation.

Conclusions:

A self-regulation model of depression is proposed that integrates theory, evidence and practice within the field of CBT. It has been developed with difficult-to-treat cases as its primary purpose. A case example is described in a concurrent article (Barton et al., 2022) and further empirical tests are on-going.
Integrated growth assessment in the first 1000 d of life: an interdisciplinary conceptual framework
Authors: Nel Sanja , Pattinson Robert C , Vannevel Valerie , Feucht Ute D , Mulol Helen , Wenhold Friede AM
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

Prenatal growth affects short- and long-term morbidity, mortality and growth, yet communication between prenatal and postnatal healthcare teams is often minimal. This paper aims to develop an integrated, interdisciplinary framework for foetal/infant growth assessment, contributing to the continuity of care across the first 1000 d of life.

Design:

A multidisciplinary think-tank met regularly over many months to share and debate their practice and research experience related to foetal/infant growth assessment. Participants’ personal practice and knowledge were verified against and supplemented by published research.

Setting:

Online and in-person brainstorming sessions of growth assessment practices that are feasible and valuable in resource-limited, low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.

Participants:

A group of obstetricians, paediatricians, dietitians/nutritionists and a statistician.

Results:

Numerous measurements, indices and indicators were identified for growth assessment in the first 1000 d. Relationships between foetal, neonatal and infant measurements were elucidated and integrated into an interdisciplinary framework. Practices relevant to LMIC were then highlighted: antenatal Doppler screening, comprehensive and accurate birth anthropometry (including proportionality of weight, length and head circumference), placenta weighing and incorporation of length-for-age, weight-for-length and mid-upper arm circumference in routine growth monitoring. The need for appropriate, standardised clinical records and corresponding policies to guide clinical practice and facilitate interdisciplinary communication over time became apparent.

Conclusions:

Clearer communication between prenatal, perinatal and postnatal health care providers, within the framework of a common understanding of growth assessment and a supportive policy environment, is a prerequisite to continuity of care and optimal health and development outcomes.
The Hungarian Nationalities Act of 1868 in Operation (1868–1914)
Authors: Berecz Ágoston
Published: May 2023

The article investigates explicit and implicit state language policies in Dualist Hungary (1867–1918), focusing on its eastern Romanian, Hungarian, and German-speaking parts. It sets the regulation and practices against the benchmark of the linguistic rights outlined in the 1868 Nationalities Act, the earliest modern, liberal language law on the continent. This document served as a central reference for contemporaries, an importance also bequeathed to historiographical accounts. Building on the applied linguist Janny Leung's analysis, the first half of the article engages with features that the Nationalities Act shared with most provisions enshrining legal multilingualism worldwide: a legitimating function, the under-specification of several key sections, and the fact that it referred to institutions on the move. Next, the article turns to more unambiguous paragraphs of the law, distinguishing between those that fit into the logic and were exploited for symbolic politics and those with more immediate, practical consequences for large sections of the citizenry. It further probes into the dispersed agency, ideological and pragmatic motives, and the center-periphery dynamics behind the (non-)implementation of the law.
The (Un)making of a Man: Aleksandr Aleksandrov/Nadezhda Durova
Authors: Averbach Ruth
Published: May 2023

Aleksandr Aleksandrov, more commonly known under his feminine birthname Nadezhda Durova, is commonly portrayed one of Russian literature's most curious figures. Born female, Aleksandrov-Durova lived, dressed, and identified as male for most of his life, served in the Russian military during the Napoleonic Wars, given a legally-binding name change by Tsar Alexander I in recognition of combat heroism, and became a popular memoirist and fiction writer. My paper seeks to challenge and reevaluate the dominant narrative of Nadezhda Durova—that she was a woman who joined the army out of a sense of patriotism—by focusing instead on the fact that the author's narrative of masculine self has been subverted by publishers and scholars projecting their own interpretations on Aleksandrov's masculinity.
Genetic and Environmental Correlation Analysis of Serum Creatinine Levels in Chinese Twins
Authors: Wang Anni , Zhang Tianhao , Li Jingxian , Wang Weijing , Xu Chunsheng , Duan Haiping , Tian Xiaocao , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: May 2023

Almost all creatinine is excreted by the kidney in individuals. Serum creatinine concentration, a widely used renal function index in clinical practice, can be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, as evidenced by current research exploring the relationship between these factors and kidney function. However, few studies have explored the heritability of serum creatinine in Asian populations. Therefore, we explored the genetic and environmental factors that affect the serum creatinine level in Asian populations. Participants in this study came from the Qingdao Twin Registry in China, and 374 pairs of twins were included, of which 139 pairs were dizygotic twins, whose ages ranged from 40 to 80 years old, and the serum creatinine level ranged from 10 to 126 μmol/L. Structural equation models were constructed using Mx software to calculate heritability, with adjusted covariates being age, sex, and body mass index. The results of heritability analysis showed that ACE was the best fit model. Serum creatinine level is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The result of heritability was 35.44%, and the influence of shared environmental factors accounted for 52.13%. This study provided the relevant basis for future research on genetic and environmental factors affecting serum creatinine levels in Asian populations.
How far are N-of-1 studies suitable evaluation designs in forensic psychiatric sports therapy?
Authors: Reimer Vanessa , Kanning Martina
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Some evidence showed positive effects of sports therapy in forensic settings. Most of these evaluation studies analyzed between-subject relations and used RCTs (randomized controlled trials) to investigate intervention effects. RCTs normally randomize participants to an intervention and a control group with the intention to compare averaged group-findings. However, such averaged results, which are based on group effects may not apply to every single forensic patient as they do not adequately address that these patients are unique due to their complex psychopathology. Thus, RCTs do not adequately address the following circumstances especially relevant in forensic settings: heterogeneity and low sample size of therapy groups and low compliance rate of forensic patients. To address these challenges, it could be worthwhile to focus on within-subject relations by using N-of-1 studies. Methods: This viewpoint summarizes the possibilities and limitations of N-of-1 study designs regarding the challenges heterogeneity, low sample size and a low compliance rate when evaluating forensic sports therapy. Results: N-of-1 studies offer a useful addition in the evaluation of sports therapy in forensic psychiatry. They are able to evaluate individual effects and they increase the power of the study by increasing the number of measurements. Nevertheless, they are associated with limitations, for example increased effort due to frequent measurements and long study duration or the difficulty to generalize the results. Conclusion: Future studies should implement N-of-1 study designs in forensic psychiatric sports therapy to gain evidence and should find solutions to deal with the limitations (e.g., digital technology).
Large Ensemble Diagnostic Evaluation of Hydrologic Parameter Uncertainty in the Community Land Model Version 5 (CLM5)
Authors: Yan Hongxiang , Sun Ning , Eldardiry Hisham , Thurber Travis B. , Reed Patrick M. , Malek Keyvan , Gupta Rohini , Kennedy Daniel , Swenson Sean C. , Hou Zhangshuan , Cheng Yanyan , Rice Jennie S.
Published: May 2023

Land surface models such as the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) seek to enhance understanding of terrestrial hydrology and aid in the evaluation of anthropogenic and climate change impacts. However, the effects of parametric uncertainty on CLM5 hydrologic predictions across regions, timescales, and flow regimes have yet to be explored in detail. The common use of the default hydrologic model parameters in CLM5 risks generating streamflow predictions that may lead to incorrect inferences for important dynamics and/or extremes. In this study, we benchmark CLM5 streamflow predictions relative to the commonly employed default hydrologic parameters for 464 headwater basins over the conterminous United States (CONUS). We evaluate baseline CLM5 default parameter performance relative to a large (1,307) Latin Hypercube Sampling‐based diagnostic comparison of streamflow prediction skill using over 20 error measures. We provide a global sensitivity analysis that clarifies the significant spatial variations in parametric controls for CLM5 streamflow predictions across regions, temporal scales, and error metrics of interest. The baseline CLM5 shows relatively moderate to poor streamflow prediction skill in several CONUS regions, especially the arid Southwest and Central U.S. Hydrologic parameter uncertainty strongly affects CLM5 streamflow predictions, but its impacts vary in complex ways across U.S. regions, timescales, and flow regimes. Overall, CLM5's surface runoff and soil water parameters have the largest effects on simulated high flows, while canopy water and evaporation parameters have the most significant effects on the water balance.
Optimization and Evaluation of Stochastic Unified Convection Using Single‐Column Model Simulations at Multiple Observation Sites
Authors: Shin Jihoon , Baik Jong‐Jin
Published: May 2023

We extend the previously developed stochastic unified convection scheme (UNICON) for shallow convection to deep convection by parameterizing the impact of mesoscale organized flow on updraft properties. The extended stochastic UNICON parameterizes thermodynamic properties of updrafts at the near‐surface as a multivariate Gaussian distribution, where the variances of the distribution are the summation of variances from non‐organized turbulence and mesoscale organized flow. The distribution of updraft radius is parameterized as a power‐law distribution with a scale break which is parameterized as a linear function of the strength of mesoscale organized flow. The proposed parameterization is validated using a series of large‐eddy simulations of deep convection. The free parameters introduced in the formulation of stochastic UNICON are optimized using 10 cases of single‐column model simulations over the ocean. Stochastic UNICON with the optimized parameters significantly reduces the biases of thermodynamic profiles and surface precipitation rates simulated in the original UNICON for tropical convection cases. The simulation of the variation in anomalies of temperature and moisture associated with the Madden‐Julian oscillation is also improved. The overall improvements in simulated thermodynamic profiles are found to be due to the increased heating and drying tendencies by convective processes in stochastic UNICON. An additional simulation of an idealized deep convection case shows that stochastic UNICON produces enhanced cloud variabilities with dependency on updraft radius, indicating its ability to represent the coexistence of shallow and deep convection.
Predicting Geostationary 40–150 keV Electron Flux Using ARMAX (an Autoregressive Moving Average Transfer Function), RNN (a Recurrent Neural Network), and Logistic Regression: A Comparison of Models
Authors: Simms L. E. , Ganushkina N. Yu. , Van der Kamp M. , Balikhin M. , Liemohn M. W.
Published: May 2023

We screen several algorithms for their ability to produce good predictive models of hourly 40–150 keV electron flux at geostationary orbit (data from GOES‐13) using solar wind, Interplanetary Magnetic Field, and geomagnetic index parameters that would be available for real time forecasting. Value‐predicting models developed using ARMAX (autoregressive moving average transfer function), RNN (recurrent neural network), or stepwise‐reduced regression produced roughly similar results. Including magnetic local time as a categorical variable to describe both the differing levels of flux and the differing influence of parameters improved the models (r as high as 0.814; Heidke Skill Score (HSS) as high as 0.663), however value‐predicting models did a poor job at predicting highs and lows. Diagnostic tests are introduced (cubic fit to observation‐prediction relationship and Lag1 correlation) that better assess predictions of extremes than single metrics such as root mean square error, mean absolute error, or median symmetric accuracy. Classifier models (RNN and logistic regression) were equally able to predict flux rise above the 75th percentile (HSS as high as 0.667). Logistic regression models were improved by the addition of multiplicative interaction and quadratic terms. Only predictors from 1 or 3 hr before were necessary and a detailed description of flux time series behavior was not needed. Stepwise selection of these variables trimmed non‐contributing parameters for a more parsimonious and portable logistic regression model that predicted as well as neural network‐derived models. We provide a logistic regression model (LL3: LogisticLag3) based on inputs measured 3 hr previous, along with optimal probability thresholds, for future predictions.
Identification of four novel loci associated with psychotropic drug-induced weight gain in a Swiss psychiatric longitudinal study: A GWAS analysis
Authors: Sjaarda Jennifer , Delacrétaz Aurélie , Dubath Céline , Laaboub Nermine , Piras Marianna , Grosu Claire , Vandenberghe Frederik , Crettol Séverine , Ansermot Nicolas , Gamma Franziska , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , von Gunten Armin , Conus Philippe , Kutalik Zoltan , Eap Chin B.
Published: May 2023

Patients suffering from mental disorders are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, leading to a reduction in life expectancy. Genetic variants can display greater influence on cardiometabolic features in psychiatric cohorts compared to the general population. The difference is possibly due to an intricate interaction between the mental disorder or the medications used to treat it and metabolic regulations. Previous genome wide association studies (GWAS) on antipsychotic-induced weight gain included a low number of participants and/or were restricted to patients taking one specific antipsychotic. We conducted a GWAS of the evolution of body mass index (BMI) during early (i.e., ≤ 6) months of treatment with psychotropic medications inducing metabolic disturbances (i.e., antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and some antidepressants) in 1135 patients from the PsyMetab cohort. Six highly correlated BMI phenotypes (i.e., BMI change and BMI slope after distinct durations of psychotropic treatment) were considered in the analyses. Our results showed that four novel loci were associated with altered BMI upon treatment at genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8): rs7736552 (near MAN2A1), rs11074029 (in SLCO3A1), rs117496040 (near DEFB1) and rs7647863 (in IQSEC1). Associations between the four loci and alternative BMI-change phenotypes showed consistent effects. Replication analyses in 1622 UK Biobank participants under psychotropic treatment showed a consistent association between rs7736552 and BMI slope (p = 0.017). These findings provide new insights into metabolic side effects induced by psychotropic drugs and underline the need for future studies to replicate these associations in larger cohorts.
A kidney-brain neural circuit drives progressive kidney damage and heart failure
Authors: Cao Wei , Yang Zhichen , Liu Xiaoting , Ren Siqiang , Su Huanjuan , Yang Bihui , Liu Youhua , Wilcox Christopher S. , Hou Fan Fan
Published: May 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are highly prevalent, aggravate each other, and account for substantial mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiorenal interaction and the role of kidney afferent nerves and their precise central pathway remain limited. Here, we combined virus tracing techniques with optogenetic techniques to map a polysynaptic central pathway linking kidney afferent nerves to subfornical organ (SFO) and thereby to paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla that modulates sympathetic outflow. This kidney-brain neural circuit was overactivated in mouse models of CKD or HF and subsequently enhanced the sympathetic discharge to both the kidney and the heart in each model. Interruption of the pathway by kidney deafferentation, selective deletion of angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1a) in SFO, or optogenetic silence of the kidney-SFO or SFO-PVN projection decreased the sympathetic discharge and lessened structural damage and dysfunction of both kidney and heart in models of CKD and HF. Thus, kidney afferent nerves activate a kidney-brain neural circuit in CKD and HF that drives the sympathetic nervous system to accelerate disease progression in both organs. These results demonstrate the crucial role of kidney afferent nerves and their central connections in engaging cardiorenal interactions under both physiological and disease conditions. This suggests novel therapies for CKD or HF targeting this kidney-brain neural circuit.
Lane line detection at nighttime on fractional differential and central line point searching with Fragi and Hessian
Authors: Li Limin , Wang Weixing , Wang Mengfei , Feng Sheng , Khatoon Amna
Published: May 2023

To detect lanes at night, each detecting image is the fusion of the multiple images in a video sequence. The valid lane line detection region is identified on region merging. Then, the image preprocessing algorithm based on the Fragi algorithm and Hessian matrix is applied to enhance lanes; to extract the lane line center feature points, the image segmentation algorithm based on Fractional differential is proposed; and according to the possible lane line positions, the algorithm detects the centerline points in four directions. Subsequently, the candidate points are determined, and the recursive Hough transformation is applied to obtain the possible lane lines. Finally, to obtain the final lane lines, we assume that one lane line should have an angle between 25 and 65 degrees, while the other should have an angle between 115 and 155 degrees, if the detected line is not in the regions, the Hough line detection will be continued by increasing the threshold value until the two lane lines are got. By testing more than 500 images and comparing deep learning methods and image segmentation algorithms, the lane detection accuracy by the new algorithm is up to 70%.