bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of an online gaming tool, the Veterinary DialogueTrainer, for teaching clinical communication skills to bovine veterinary practitioners
Authors: Dorrestein Linda , Jansen Jolanda , Plagis Tessa , Ritter Caroline , Vertenten Geert , Barkema Herman W.
Published: July 2023

Effective clinical communication is essential for bovine veterinary practitioners to establish and maintain positive client relationships. When applied properly in herd health consultancy, it increases client satisfaction and adherence to veterinary advice, and improves patient health and welfare. Although communication skills are often taught by providing feedback on simulated conversations, this has limitations, including time constraints, subjective assessments, and cost. The Veterinary DialogueTrainer (VDT) is an online serious game platform using ‘digital role-play’ with avatars, recently developed to enhance and assess learning outcomes, improve use of learned skills, and increase cost-effectiveness of communication training. The objective was to evaluate its suitability and applicability. Finnish (n = 24) and Swedish (n = 21) bovine veterinarians participated in communication training using VDT for training and assessment. Participants completed the provided scenario at least twice. After playing a bovine health communication simulation, participants received their scores and feedback on selected conversation options. VDT scores measured multiple aspects of communication on a 0–100% scale, based on motivational interviewing methodology and Calgary-Cambridge guidelines. Mean (±SD) number of attempts participants played the scenario was 4.1 (±2.6, Finland) and 3.9 (±1.3, Sweden), with highest total score reached after a mean of 3.5 (±2.1, Finland) and 3.1 (±1.1, Sweden) attempts. On the first attempt, 39 participants (87%) scored <50% of the highest possible score, whereas most (n = 34, 76%) achieved a higher score on the second attempt. Mean total score increased from 15 (±14) to 77% (±33) for Finish participants and from 40 (±22.0) to 87% (±19.4) for Swedish participants. The majority (n = 33, 73%) of participants reached a score >80% after 4.0 (±1.6, Finland) or 2.8 (±1.0, Sweden) attempts. Net Promoter Score of the training was +89 (Finland), +88 (Finland) and + 83 (Sweden) on a scale from −100 to +100, indicating that most participants were very likely to recommend the training to other veterinarians. Use of VDT increased communication skills scores but whether it will improve communication skills in practice requires further study. We concluded there is a likely benefit of using the VDT in teaching and monitoring veterinary communication competencies and preparing for offline role-plays and real-life conversations in veterinary practice.
Estudo de bioequivalência entre duas formulações contendo oxalato de escitalopram
Authors: Sverdloff Carlos , Guimarães Camila Leles , Rezende Vinícius Marcondes , Yamanouchi Amanda Hayashi , Aihara Camila Kaori , Ferreira Marcela , Mazuqueli Ana  Cristina , Monaco Thiago de Oliveira , Pacheco Fernando Bastos Canton
Published: July 2023

Objetivo. Avaliar bioequivalência entre a formulação de oxalato de escitalopram Eurofarma vs Lexapro® comprimidos revestidos de 20 mg em voluntários saudáveis sob condições de jejum. Método. Estudo aberto, randomizado, dose única, 2x2 cruzado em 36 participantes adultos sadios sob condições de jejum comparando duas formulações de escitalopram comprimido revestido. As concentrações do analito em plasma humano foram determinadas utilizando um método validado de cromatografia líquida acoplada ao detector de espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS). Resultados. A análise estatística determinou a média geométrica da razão entre teste/referência, os intervalos de confiança, coeficiente de variação intra-sujeito e poder do teste para os parâmetros farmacocinéticos Cmax, ASC0-t, e ASC0-∞. Os intervalos de confiança para a média geométrica (90%CI) do medicamento teste/medicamento referência para escitalopram foram 94,626 a 104,087% para Cmax, 92,006% a 97,992% para ASC0-t, e 89,949% a 96,600% para ASC0-∞. O poder do teste foi de 100% para todos os parâmetros e os CV intra-sujeito foram 10,035% para Cmax, 6,628% para AUC0-t, e 7,504% para AUC0-∞.. Conclusão. As formulações apresentaram-se bioequivalentes e, portanto, são intercambiáveis, de acordo com os critérios brasileiros, uma vez que os intervalos de confiança para as razões de Cmax e AUC0-t estiveram entre 80% e 125%, como requerido pela resolução Anvisa RE nº 1170/2006.
Le contrôle des études d’impact ou les ambiguïtés de la distinction des causes juridiques dans le contentieux de l’annulation
Authors: Marcantoni Pauline
Published: July 2023

Le contentieux très dense relatif aux études d’impact suscite de nombreuses questions, dont celle de l’intégration des vices susceptibles d’affecter ces documents dans le champ de la légalité externe. Ce classement théorique se révèle en effet souvent en décalage avec le contrôle opéré par le juge administratif en pratique. Si la souplesse qu’offre le régime de la légalité externe pour contrôler l’activité administrative explique que le juge continue de l’appliquer strictement aux vices affectant les études d’impact, elle traduit également le paradoxe qui entoure le développement de ce type de formalités.
Démocratie environnementale
Authors: Struillou Jean-François , Huten Nicolas
Published: July 2023

Concerning «participatory democracy » , a major development of the previous year is the publication of Decree n° 2017-626 of 27 April 2017, implementing Ordinance of 3 August 2016. The object of the latter was the promotion of proceedings related to public information and participation to the drafting process of decisions which may have an impact on environment, especially proceedings which give an opportunity to the public to participate to the drafting of projects, plans and programmes prior to public inquiry. As the ordinance was often very detailed, the freedom of the framers of the regulation was limited, either to specify the conditions of digitization of public inquiry, or to reduce the burden of the proceedings. Concerning public debate and prior consultation in environmental matters, the situation is slightly different, since the mentioned above decree not only specifies the scope of application and the forms of those two proceedings but also clarifies the implementation conditions of the right of citizen’s initiative.
غَ رَ بَ طَ نَ ظَ و هَو زا رَ يَا نَاقدٌ نَقده لَقصيدة "َبحق رَب اَلورىَ" لَلشعر اَلحاج عَمر اَ لَ كَ بَ وَي أَنموذجا
Authors: Kajeej Omar Abdullah
Published: July 2023

This research in title “Garba Dantsoho Zaria, is Critic his scrutinising the poetry of Alh. Umar Al-Kabawai named "for the sake of mankind’s creator" as model ". The paper intended to highlight the contributions of Garba Dantsoho Zaria, toward the development of Arabic literature and criticism in Nigerian Arabic Literature. The research contained the biography of the author (Critic) Garba Dantsoho Zaria, his struggle for seeking the Arabic language and Islamic studies, his compositions toward the development of Arabic language literature and criticism in the fill of Nigerian Arabic Education, at the end the paper explains the preferment and structure of his book, called the presentation, analysis, and the criticism of the Alh. Umar Al-kabawai poets, finally the conclusion, summary, and recommendations were been given.
Podstawy odpowiedzialności za przestępczość zorganizowaną na przykładzie wybranych instrumentów części ogólnej kodeksu karnego [Basis of responsibility for organized crime on the example of selected instruments of the general part of the Criminal Code]
Authors: Stawarz Magdalena
Published: July 2023

Ustawodawca kryminalizuje działania ściśle związane z przestępczością zorganizowaną w jednym przepisie części szczególnej kodeksu karnego. Zgodnie z art. 258 k.k. za przestępstwa uznane zostały trzy podstawowe, i jak się wydaje, najistotniejsze czynności dla występowania tego typu przestępczości: branie udziału, zakładanie oraz kierowanie zorganizowaną grupą lub związkiem przestępczym. Niemniej jednak część ogólna kodeksu karnego również zawiera instrumenty mogące odegrać istotną rolę w zwalczaniu przestępczości zorganizowanej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i analiza tych regulacji części ogólnej kodeksu karnego, które mogą mieć zastosowanie w odniesieniu do przestępstw popełnianych przez osoby działające w zorganizowanych strukturach przestępczych. Jest to szczególnie ważne w sytuacji, gdy utrudnione jest udowodnienie istnienia zorganizowanej grupy i związku przestępczego i uczestniczenia w nich, czego kryminalizację zapewniać ma art. 258 k.k., i w konsekwencji niemożliwe jest ukaranie sprawcy na podstawie tego przepisu. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje formę stadialną przygotowania (art. 16 k.k.), a także formy zjawiskowe współsprawstwa, sprawstwa kierowniczego, sprawstwa polecającego, podżegania i pomocnictwa (art. 18 k.k.) w kontekście ich roli, przydatności i możliwości zastosowania w celu zwalczania przestępczości  zorganizowanej.
 
The legislator criminalizes activities closely related to organized crime only in one article of the detailed part of the Criminal Code. According to Article 258 of the Criminal Code, three basic and apparently most essential activities related to being a member of a group or an association arecriminalised: participation in an organized group or association, founding of an organized group or association and leading an organized group or association.  Nevertheless, the general part of the Criminal Code also contains significant instruments that can play an important role in the fight against organized crime. The article presents those regulations of the general part of the Criminal Code that can be applied in relation to crimes committed by persons acting in organized criminal structures. This is particularly important in a situation where it is difficult to prove the existence of an organizedcriminal structure and the causal activities of taking part in an organized group or association and, consequently, it is impossible to punish the offender under Article 258 of the Criminal Code. This article analyzes the construction of preparation (Article 16 of the Criminal Code), co-perpetration, directing perpetration, referral perpetration, incitement, aiding and abetting (Article 18 of the Criminal Code) in the context of their role, usefulness and  applicability to combat organized crime.
Conservative Discourses on Critical Race Theory
Authors: Jordan Kathy-Anne
Published: July 2023

This chapter employs critical discourse analysis to analyze the discursive representation of critical race theory across several editorials within the New York Post. The goal was to understand the discourses that inform a conservative stance on critical race theory, the ideological assumptions that undergird them, and the ways in which they contribute to sustaining existing power relations. Findings revealed that the Conservative Right sought a rebranding of critical race theory through an oppositional discourse of the theory as indoctrination, anti-American, divisive, poisonous, and abusive, among other things. This discourse was aimed at mobilizing Americans to wage war against critical race theory, which was textually represented as a threat to “American culture” and “American ideals.” Discourses of colorblindness and postracialism further reinscribed conservative notions that minimize the role of racism in society and in the everyday experiences of racially and ethnically diverse individuals.
Critical Race Theory in K-12 Schools
Authors: Atwater Sheri Anna
Published: July 2023

This chapter defines the tenets and goals of CRT as a useful and important analytical tool versus the “myths” of CRT recently perpetuated in the media and illustrates CRT's use as an analytical tool in three key areas of K-12 education. It then provides four key elements designed for educational leader and teacher diversity training in K-12 schools based upon a review of current CRT educational research. Perpetual racial inequities cannot be addressed or remediated by simply ignoring race or failing to consider the impact of systemic racism; rather, this chapter will highlight why it is crucial to shift away from a colorblind approach to a CRT framework within educational reform—specifically within teacher education and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training—in order to address racial disparities through a “race-conscious” lens that allows for direct dismantling of systems of historical oppression of minoritized groups.
Teachers’ Evaluation on Seventh Graders English Coursebooks: English in Mind 1 and When English Rings A Bell Revised Edition 2017
Authors: Sabat Pristiwati Menangsih
Published: July 2023

This study evaluated two English coursebooks. The research questions stated in this research deal with whether English in Mind 1 and When English Rings a Bell revised edition 2017 meet the standard of a good coursebook in terms of its content, content organization, topic, skills covered in it, vocabulary, grammar, teacher’s book, work book and CD-ROM. This study was conducted by analyzing the two coursebooks by using evaluation checklist of a good coursebook and the data were triangulated by distributing the coursebook evaluation chekclists to English teachers who use the Coursebooks. The result showed that English in Mind 1 meets the standard of a good coursebooks . On the other hand, When English Rings a Bell revised edition 2017 does not meet the standard of a good coursebook in terms of its content, grammar, skills and CD-ROM. It is suggested that When English Rings a Bell revised edition 2017, can provide materials that consist of target language culture. Moreover, the grammar presented can be more varied and the language skills should be covered adequately. In addition, the coursebook should be completed with teaching aids such as audio, video or CD-ROM.
Rezension von: Kreutzer, Thomas, Verblichener Glanz
Authors: Lang Stefan , Kreutzer Thomas
Published: July 2023

Thomas Kreutzer: Verblichener Glanz. Adel und Reform in der Abtei Reichenau im Spätmittelalter (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg. Reihe B, Forschungen 168). Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag 2008; 582 S., 21 Abb., 49,- EUR
How Name-Based Discrimination Affect Minority Groups
Authors: Jiang Yuhan
Published: July 2023

According to Pikhart, people with Chinese ethnicity usually use English names while living and studying in North America to foster connections and relatedness to the local culture, to help them integrate faster into mainstream society. This study aims to investigate whether name-based microaggression and name-based group-specific stereotypes towards the Asian population are rooted in North American culture. In a research done by Arai, Bursell, and Nekby in 2008, researchers compared employer’s attitudes towards CVs of equal observable quality between Arabic names and Swedish names in Sweden, it was found that Arabic men suffered most from name-based discrimination by receiving fewer interview offers, the results of employers’ subconscious decision-making show that implicit name-based microaggression is a serious problem that deprives competent individuals of having the equal opportunities they deserve. In order to address this problem, interventions from different aspects can undermine it, whether in the workplace, at school, or in renting market. It is crucial for organizations such as schools, companies, and government to implement measures to enhance people’s awareness of name-based discrimination.
Case Study Of Pupting Leather Play Sukron Suwondo And His Actions (Sociopragmatic Study)
Authors: Harbono Harbono
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to describe: the peculiarity of Sukron Suwondo leather puppet’s work/performing elements; the Sukron Suwondo’s compliance with story board of Surakarta-style tradition pakeliran in general; types of speech act existing in story Kyai Udan Mas, DåsåmukåLahir, Semar Ngruwat (TTKUMDSLSMG) and determining the dominant speech act, as well as revealing the implicature and pragmatic power in the speech act; types of speech act expressed directly and indirectly, in relation to cooperative/politeness maxim violation in pakeliran Sukron Suwondo. This study was a qualitative descriptive in nature with holistic critique. The findings of research were as follows. Firstly, the performance of Sukron Suwondo’s leather puppet had changed in form, work element, and meaning. Secondly, today Sukron Suwondo appeared as the puppeteer different from others, with his strengths and weaknesses, even some considered him as a controversial and unconventional puppeteer. Thirdly, the out of three stories, the dominant speech act (TTKUMDSLSMG) was as follows. There were 5,085 speech acts. Fourthly, the indirect speech strategy was more frequently used than the direct one. The implication of compliance with cooperative principle maxim was needed when the speaker and the listener emphasized on the cooperative element of speech act.
خواص الركام المعاد تصنيعه من الخرسانة
Authors: إبراهيم احمد جميل
Published: July 2023

صممت خمس خلطات خرسانية ذات مستويات مقاومة متباينة باستخدام الركام الطبيعي. بعد فحصها بعمر 28 يوم هذه الخرسانات وهي بهيئة مكعبات ومواشير واسطوانات قد كسرت وغربلت لإنتاج ركام معاد ذو تدرج مشابه لتدرج الركام الأصلي . بعد ذلك تم دراسة الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية لركام الخرسانة المعاد  الخشن والناعم مقارنة بالركام الطبيعي. الفحوصات التي أجريت على الركام أظهرت بان ركام الخرسانة المعاد يمتلك وزن نوعي اقل وقابلية امتصاص أعلى مقارنة مع الركام الطبيعي الأصلي ،  مقاومة الركام المعاد الخشن للتأثيرات الميكانيكية كالصدم والتهشيم والبري كانت أيضا اقل مقارنة مع الركام الطبيعي بالإضافة إلى ذلك وجد إنه لايوجد تأثير للخواص الميكانيكية للخرسانة الأصلية على الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية للركام المعاد .
Implementasi Metode Bernyanyi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa di Madrasah
Authors: Nasri Nasri
Published: July 2023

The method comes from the Greek word methodos which comes from the word "meta" means through and "hodos" means way. So the method is the way to go, how to do something or procedure. An effective method is a method that is able to achieve learning goals more quickly and precisely by taking into account the characteristics of the student's subjects, singing is one of the methods that children like most in learning because it tends to be active, lively, cheerful and happy. Learning outcomes can be explained by understanding the two words that make it up, namely "results" and "learning". The definition of result (product) refers to an acquisition as a result of carrying out an activity or process that results in a functional change in input while learning is an individual's effort to obtain a change in behavior. Learning is a process that is directed towards achieving predetermined goals or competencies. Learning can also be interpreted as a process, meaning that in learning there will be a process of seeing, making, observing, solving problems or problems, listening and practicing. Learning outcomes are the abilities possessed by students after they receive their learning experience. When learning ends, students get learning outcomes. Learning outcomes are the result of the interaction of teaching and learning activities.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN PENATOI TENTANG STIGMATISASI KELURAHAN PENATOI SEBAGAI KAMPUNG TERORIS
Authors: Hatim Matussa’dah  , Arief Hidayatullah  , Lubis Hermanto
Published: July 2023

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaiamana persepsi masyarakat tentang stigmatisasi kelurahan penatoi sebagai kampung teroris dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang stigmatisasi kelurahan penatoi sebagai kampung teroris dan dampak apa yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat sendiri. Metode yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitiatif dengan metode deskriptif. Dan dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan,"pengaruh buruk atau stigma negative kelurahan penatoi sebagai kampung radikal/terorisme sangatlah berpengaruh sekali terhadap pemua penatoi yang ingin mengikuti seleksi kepolisian dan tentara negara indonesia dan juga memperburuk nama kelurahan penatoi dimata orang-orang bahkan sampai ke mancanegara". Serta terjadinya pembullyan tidak langsung yang terjadi oleh mahasiswa dan mahasiswi yang berasal dari kelurahan penatoi. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan tentang stigmatisasi kampung penatoi sebagai kampung teroris adalah dengan adanya label kampung teroris yang dilekatkan pada kelurahan penatoi, sangat mengganggu dan merugikan masyarakat wilayah penatoi baik dalam wilayah kota bima maupun diluar wilayah kota Bima hal ini dapat berupa pekerjaan, serta bullyan secara tidak langsung di lingkungan sosial, mengakibatkan rasa tidak nyaman.
Aspectos epidemiologicos y clínicos en pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa en el departamento de gineco - obstetricia del hospital nacional Hipólito Unanue -2019
Authors:   , Mercado Sánchez Guiovana Gloria
Published: July 2023

OBJETIVO: Determinar los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos en pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa en el departamento de Gineco-obstetricia hospital Hipólito Unanue – 2019. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, retrospectivo. La población estuvo integrada por todas las pacientes que fueron atendidas en el consultorio de patología mamaria benigna del departamento de Gineco- obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue. (N=3880). La población objetivo fueron las pacientes con Mastitis granulomatosa (N=456) pero la muestra fue de 89. La recolección de la información se hizo por medio de fuentes secundarias, es decir, el análisis documentario del historial médico de las pacientes que fueron asistidas en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue. Los datos se registraron en una ficha de recolección de datos que fue confeccionada para tal fin y contiene las variables de estudio. RESULTADOS: El 85.39% eran convivientes; el 79.89%, ama de casa; el 46.07% tenía entre 30 a 40 años de edad; el 13.48 %; de TBC, 12.36%, diabetes; el 37.08%, con obesidad; con una multiparidad del 63.22% %. El 47.19% y el 24.72% usaron anticonceptivos orales y las que no usaron, respectivamente. La lesión fue izquierda en el 55.06 %, el 47.59 % tienen tumoración, el 43.32% tienen dolor de mama y el 13.48% presenta absceso mamario. CONCLUSIONES: Las pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa se encuentran a partir de los 30 años, son amas de casa, convivientes, y sin antecedentes de patología mamaria. Los signos fueron la presencia de masa palpable, dolor; se suma a esto la obesidad, la multiparidad y el uso de anticonceptivos orales.
Aplicación de los contextos de violencia familiar en los delitos de agresiones en contra de la mujer y los integrantes del grupo familiar en las fiscalias de violencia contra la mujer en Villa Maria del Triunfo 2020-2021
Authors:   , Nolé Manco de Huamán Diana María
Published: July 2023

La presente tesis denominada, La Aplicación de los contextos de Violencia Familiar en los Delitos de Agresiones en contra de la Mujer y los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar en las Fiscalías de Violencia contra La Mujer en Villa María del Triunfo, 2020-2021, desarrollare un problema muy grave que viene afectando los derechos de las víctimas de violencia familiar en el distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, la misma que plantea como problema principal ¿Qué efectos causa la indebida aplicación de los contextos de violencia familiar en los delitos de agresiones en las fiscalías de violencia contra la mujer en Villa María del Triunfo, 2020 - 2021?, al mismo tiempo que desarrollaremos nuestro objetivo principal basado en cuales serían los derechos afectados y vulnerados de las víctimas de agresión en el ámbito familiar y nuestra hipótesis que trata de buscar una respuesta luego de una amplia investigación. Razón por la cual y luego de realizar una encuesta al personal que labora dentro de la fiscalía de Villa María del triunfo pude comprobar que efectivamente hace falta que la fiscalía revise minuciosamente los contextos en los cuales se desarrollan las diferentes denuncias que les llegan a sus despacho y que estas deberían ser consideradas como delitos ya que están atentando contra la salud física y psicológica de los agraviados y lo que se está logrando al solo tomar en cuenta esta disposición fiscal es atentar contra los derechos de los agraviados y creando impunidad. Hecho que solo provoca que las víctimas ya no realicen sus denuncias y los casos empeoren llegando a tener resultados incluso fatídicos, razón por la cual una de las recomendaciones principales es que las autoridades enciendan sus alarmas ante las denuncias presentadas por las víctimas de violencia familiar en Villa María del Triunfo y no se espere a que se tengan que cumplir todos los requisitos para recién dictar las medidas de protección a las víctimas que denuncian estos hechos ante las fiscalías.
Acoso laboral y la dignidad del trabajo, en asistentes jurisdiccionales de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Ica, 2022
Authors:   , Alzamora Añaguari Alexander , Gonzales Arcos Ervin Wilfredo
Published: July 2023

La investigación se ha vivenciado en la problemática sobre la afectación hacia la calidad de vida laboral del personal, conllevando a que se establezca el siguiente objetivo general: Determinar la relación entre el acoso laboral y la dignidad del trabajo, en asistentes jurisdiccionales de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Ica, 2022. La investigación contó con una metodología que especificó un diseño correlacional, en donde la muestra fue no probabilística y se encontró conformada por un total de 48 asistentes jurisdiccionales, en donde la recolección de la información fue por medio del cuestionario. Los resultados pusieron en evidencia una valoración de -0.801 entre las variables de investigación. Mientras que, se concluyó que, existió relación significativa e inversamente proporcional entre el respeto de la dignidad y la dignidad del trabajo, en donde el valor alcanzado fue de -0.739 con un valor de sigma de 0.000, mediante el cual el 93.50% de los colaboradores señalaron haber contado con un nivel medio en cuanto al respeto de la dignidad y la dignidad del asistente jurisdiccional, siendo consecuencia directa de las conductas ilícitas que se han tenido con los colaboradores, en donde algunos han visto limitado su ascenso o han evidenciado un trato poco igualitario entre las partes.
Information Theory: Applications to the Study of Mutation Dynamics
Authors: Marembo Clarence
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the mutation dynamics of viral genomes using computational methods and information theory. The analysis focuses on Influenza-A virus genomes collected from Tianjin, China, between November 2009 and February 2011. The GENetic Information Entropy Spectra (GENIES) software is employed to calculate the information entropy (IE) of viral genomes and to compare them against a reference genome. The analysis reveals frequent mutation sites, with adenine (A) exhibiting the highest mutation frequency. The study provides valuable insights into the mutation patterns and dynamics of the analysed genomes, however, limitations in data size and the capabilities of the software are acknowledged, highlighting the need for further research and larger datasets to validate and expand upon these findings. Overall, this computational approach demonstrates the potential of using information theory and GENIES to enhance our understanding of viral mutation dynamics, with implications for vaccine design and preparedness for future viral strains.
PROFICIENCYIn+EDU. FORMACIÓN COLABORATIVA EN COMPETENCIAS DOCENTES PARA LA INCLUSIÓN Y LA EXCELENCIA
Authors: Brines Notario Marta , Villamor Manero Patricia
Published: July 2023

Tras dos proyectos previos y la creación de una rúbrica de autoevaluación de competencias docentes (ProficiencyIn+E©), este artículo se centra en el estudio preliminar de la creación de perfiles docentes competenciales.
Staff competencies and patient care effectiveness in primary healthcare (pilot study)
Authors: Bogdan Magdalena , Prusarczyk Artur , Żuk Paweł , Guzek Marika , Szafraniec-Buryło Sylwia , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta , Oberska Joanna
Published: July 2023

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between hard and soft competences of primary care physicians and the effectiveness of patient care, which may be of significant importance both in the process of managing medical entities and in order to take appropriate actions aimed at increasing the effectiveness of care. Methods: The population studied in this study were primary care physicians employed at the Medical and Diagnostic Center (MDC) in Siedlce, Poland. In the study, doctors' qualifications were measured by the number of specializations held by a physician, and experience was measured by the total number of years of work as a doctor and the length of work as a specialist at MDC (in years). The data was collected in a questionnaire survey. Physicians' social competences were measured by the Social Competence Profile (PROKOS). As there are no measures of treatment effectiveness at the level of individual workplaces, apart from measuring patient satisfaction, its original definition was adopted and 14 indexes were developed, which were calculated on the basis of anonymized data from CMD information systems. Results: The social competences of the surveyed primary care physicians were clearly lower than the competences of the doctors surveyed in the standardization study. The exception was social activism. The scales of individual dimensions of social competences were characterized by very high reliability. The individual dimensions of soft skills of all surveyed primary care physicians were strongly correlated with each other. The overall work experience and work experience of primary care physicians at MDC, analyzed under hard competences, showed no correlation. The factor analysis performed for 14 original indexes of effectiveness showed that 5 of the original indexes created a very reliable scale. Conclusions: The selection of a strong scale consisting of five original effectiveness indexes is a step towards the development of a uniform index of the effectiveness of patient care in primary care, which will be a significant contribution to science.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Characterization of Leaf Extracts of Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae)
Authors: Hayatou Mas’-Ud , Tembe Estella Achick , Herve Bayaga , Borgia Njinkio Nono , Fokunang Charles N.
Published: July 2023

Mimosa pudica is a plant of the Mimosaceae family which is a family composed of several species. It has many pharmacological properties described in Ayurvedic medicine, including the hepatoprotective property which is the subject of this study. The objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the secondary metabolites presents in M. pudica leaf extracts. After performing an extraction according to the methods described by Fonmboh et al, we carried out a qualitative analysis in each extract according to the methods described by Shaik et al. The quantitative analysis consisted of a determination of each metabolite in comparison with references.

This study was able to show the presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols in leaves extracts. The quantification of these metabolites showed a much higher concentration of alkaloids in the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration of 698.33 ± 8.82µg/ml, in the extract obtained by decoction a higher concentration of polyphenols and flavonoids respectively of 193.87 ± 12.66 µg/ml and 72.90 ± 2.45 µg/ml. This study demonstrated a promising richness in secondary metabolites in M.pudia leaf extracts qualitatively and quantitatively.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Medical School Admissions in Canada
Authors: Shin Ye Bin , Stojcevski Amanda , Dupuis-Miller Taylore , Kirpalani Amrit
Published: July 2023

Importance

Medical schools promote admission pathways as well as diversity and inclusivity to prospective students who are underrepresented in medicine (UIM) primarily via their websites. Research from organizational structures supports the use of instrumental values (which focus on behavior and core beliefs), rather than terminal values (which focus on the end goal), to promote diversity.

Objective

To characterize the use of instrumental and terminal values to promote institutional diversity and inclusivity on Canadian medical school websites.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study analyzed the contents and themes of Canadian medical school websites based on a theoretical value framework and an organizational diversity management framework. A literature review was conducted to explore the use of instrumental and terminal values in promoting diversity and inclusivity, and a codebook was created that outlined the characteristics of these values. The content of all application pathway websites for UIM applicants to all Canadian medical schools was coded between July and August 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Use of terminal vs instrumental values across the UIM-targeted admission websites of medical schools.

Results

Twenty-two websites for 17 Canadian medical schools were included. Content on most of these websites promoted diversity in response to government policies or public accountability and often supported a dominant culture while treating diversity as an exception. The use of terminal rather than instrumental values was also more prominent on websites that targeted Indigenous prospective students compared with Black prospective students and applicants with lower socioeconomic status (11 [50%] websites vs 5 [23%] and 4 [18%] websites). Instrumental values, although seldom used, promoted diversity as a means to improve health care and training for all students in a program.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this qualitative study suggested that medical schools in Canada promoted diversity and inclusivity to prospective students primarily as an end goal rather than as a core value. Medical schools should highlight the benefits of diverse lived experiences and reinforce their commitment to diversity and inclusion by aligning their website content with their ongoing work in this area.
A torus‐like sublingual adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 35‐year‐old male: Review of literature and case report
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Esmaili Parnian , Yousefian Marzieh
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

The case report describes an adenoid cystic carcinoma occurring at a rare location and the diagnostic pathway. Swellings of the floor of the mouth, whether painful or without subjective symptoms and regardless of consistency, should be taken seriously.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC) of the sublingual salivary gland only accounts for 2% of all ADCCs. In this study, we report a rare case of ADCC with sublingual salivary gland origin in a 35‐year‐old man and a comprehensive review of articles published over the past 62 years.
Ligand chemistry for surface functionalization in MXenes: A review
Authors: Jung Sungmin , Zafar Ujala , Achary L. Satish Kumar , Koo Chong Min
Published: July 2023

Surface chemistry of MXenes is of significant interest due to its potential to control their final optoelectronic and physicochemical properties, and address the oxidation and dispersion stabilities of MXenes. Surface chemistry of MXenes can be manipulated by either MXene synthesis via chemical etching or post surface functionalization method. Although numerous reviews have explored MXene synthesis methods, there has been a lack of focus on post surface functionalization. This review aims to fill this gap by summarizing recent advancements in the MXene surface functionalization chemistry, and elucidating mechanisms, properties, and future perspectives of functionalized MXenes. We discuss organic ligand molecules, such as organic salts, catechols, phosphonates, carboxylates, and silanes, which can be employed to surface‐functionalize MXene through covalent or non‐covalent bond interaction. This comprehensive review offers valuable insights for scientists and engineers in utilizing functionalized MXenes across diverse applications, including EMI shielding, energy storage, electronics, optoelectronics, and sensors.

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CSRP2 promotes cell stemness in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Jie , Liu Jie , Wan Shu‐Cheng , Li Jia‐Xing , Wang Shuo , Fidele Nyimi Bushabu , Huang Cong‐Fa , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: July 2023

Background

Cysteine‐rich protein 2 (CSRP2) is discovered as oncogene. The study aims to investigate the clinical significance and potential mechanism of CSRP2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

CSRP2 expression was explored by immunohistochemistry tissue microarrays and Western blotting in HNSCC. The effect of CSRP2 on the cancer stemness and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HNSCC cells was investigated by sphere formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. The vitro and vivo experiments revealed that CSRP2 modulated cancer stemness and EMT phenotypes in HNSCC.

Results

CSRP2 was overexpressed in HNSCC patients and presented poor prognosis. CSRP2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion ability of the HNSCC cells. And CSRP2 expression was closely associated with CSCs markers, EMT‐transcription factor, new oncoprotein, and immune checkpoint.

Conclusion

The overexpression of CSRP2 indicates poor prognosis and plays a key role in maintaining the cancer cell stemness and EMT.
Hydroxyurea treatment for adult sickle cell anemia patients in Kinshasa
Authors: Kabuyi Paul Lumbala , Mbayabo Gloire , Ngole Mamy , Zola Aimé Lumaka , Race Valerie , Matthijs Gert , Van Geet Chris , Tshilobo Prosper Lukusa , Devriendt Koenraad , Mikobi Tite Minga
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite a high incidence of sickle cell anemia, hydroxyurea (HU) treatment is rarely used in the DR Congo. This study aims to assess the efficacy of HU, the incidence of side effects that may limit its use in adults and to determine the dose needed for clinical improvement in patients.

Methods: In a prospective study, patients received an initial dose of 15 mg/kg/day which was increased by 5 mg/kg every 6 months, up to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day. The response and side effects to HU were evaluated biologically and clinically every 3 months during a 2‐year period.

Results: Seventy adult patients with a moderate or severe clinical phenotype initiated treatment. Only minor side effects were reported. At the end of the 2‐year treatment phase, 45 (64.3%) had dropped out, of whom 33 were without a clear reason. Clinical and biological improvement was more marked during the first year. There was a reduction in severe vaso‐occlusive crises (p < 0.001), need for transfusion (p < 0.001), and hospitalization days (p = 0.038). Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels increased on average 2.9 times after 12 months (p < 0.001). The increase in mean corpuscular volume was greater in the first year (p < 0.001) than in the second year (p = 0.041). The decrease in leukocytes (p < 0.001) was significant during the first year. In 70% of patients, the 20 mg/kg/day dose was needed to reach the 20% HbF threshold.

Conclusion: HU is effective and well tolerated. The magnitude of the response varies from one patient to another. Improvement of clinical manifestations is achieved in most patients with a relatively low dose. Effective implementation of HU treatment will require improved adherence to treatment.
A novel approach to quantifying surgical workflow in robotic‐assisted lobectomy
Authors: Metchik Ariana , Bhattacharyya Kiran , Yousaf Sadia , Jarc Anthony , Oh Daniel , Lazar John F.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Understanding surgical workflow is critical for optimizing efficiencies and outcomes; however, most research evaluating workflow is impacted by observer subjectivity, limiting its reproducibility, scalability, and actionability. To address this, we developed a novel approach to quantitatively describe workflow within robotic‐assisted lobectomy (RL). We demonstrate the utility of this approach by analysing features of surgical workflow that correlate with procedure duration.

Methods

RL was deconstructed into 12 tasks by expert thoracic surgeons. Task start and stop times were annotated across videos of 10 upper RLs (5 right and 5 left). Markov Networks were used to estimate both the likelihood of transitioning from one task to another and each task‐transition entropy (i.e. complexity). Associations between the frequency with which each task was revisited intraoperatively and procedure duration were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results

Entropy calculations identified fissure dissection and hilar node dissection as tasks with especially complex transitions, while mediastinal lymph node dissection and division of pulmonary veins were less complex. The number of transitions to three tasks significantly correlated with case duration (fissure dissection (R = 0.69, p = 0.01), dissect arteries (R = 0.59, p = 0.03), and divide arteries (R = 0.63, p = 0.03)).

Conclusion

This pilot demonstrates the feasibility of objectively quantifying workflow between RL tasks and introduces entropy as a new metric of task‐transition complexity. These innovative measures of surgical workflow enable detailed characterization of a given surgery and might indicate behaviour that impacts case progression. We discuss how these measures can serve as a foundation and be combined with relevant clinical information to better understand factors influencing surgical inefficiency.
Biodegradable Mineral Plastics
Authors: Avasthi Ilesha , Lerner Harry , Grings Jonas , Gräber Carla , Schleheck David , Cölfen Helmut
Published: July 2023

Mineral plastics are a promising class of bio‐inspired materials that offer exceptional properties, like self‐heal ability, stretchability in the hydrogel state, and high hardness, toughness, transparency, and non‐flammability in the dry state along with reversible transformation into the hydrogel by addition of water. This enables easy reshape‐ability and recycling like the solubility in mild acids to subsequently form mineral plastics again by base addition. However, current mineral plastics rely on petrochemistry, are hardly biodegradable, and thus persistent in nature. This work presents the next generation of mineral plastics, which are bio‐based and biodegradable, making them a promising, new class of polymers for the development of environmentally friendly materials. Physically cross‐linked (poly)glutamic‐acid (PGlu)‐based mineral plastics are synthesized using various alcohol‐water mixtures, metal ion ratios and molecular weights. The rheological properties are easily adjusted using these parameters. The general procedure involves addition of equimolar solution of CaCl2 to PGlu in equal volumes followed by addition of iPrOH (iPrOH:H2O = 1:1) under vigorous stirring conditions. The ready biodegradability of PGlu/CaFe mineral plastic is confirmed in this study where the elements N, Ca, and Fe present in it tend to act as additional nutrients, supporting the growth of microorganisms and consequently, promoting the biodegradation process.
1‐Monopalmitin promotes lung cancer cells apoptosis through PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro
Authors: Niu Lulu , Li Wenwen , Chen Xin , Su Xiaosan , Dong Jingjing , Liao Quanyang , Zhou Xuhong , Shi Shaoqing , Sun Ruifen
Published: July 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85%. Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major have been reported to possess anticancer properties. 1‐Monopalmitin (1‐Mono) is the principle active constituent in these natural plants. It is debating whether 1‐Mono exerts antitumor effects. Therefore, we explored the role of 1‐Mono in lung cancer in vitro. Results showed that 1‐Mono significantly inhibited A549 and SPC‐A1 cell proliferation, induced G2/M arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, it suppressed the protein expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It was further demonstrated that 1‐Mono activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, suppression of PI3K/Akt activities with LY294002 and Wortmannin partially attenuated 1‐Mono‐mediated anticancer activities, indicating that 1‐Mono‐induced antitumor effects is dependent on PI3K/Akt pathway. 1‐Mono induced cytoprotective autophagy since autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine dramatically enhanced 1‐Mono‐induced cytotoxicity. In summary, our results showed 1‐Mono kills lung cancer through PI3K/Akt pathway, providing novel options for lung cancer administration.
Social interpretation inflexibility moderates emotional reactions to social situations in children and adolescents
Authors: Gadassi Polack Reuma , Bronstein Michael V. , Questel Marcia , Edelman Audrey , Vinogradov Sophia , Kober Hedy , Joormann Jutta , Everaert Jonas
Published: July 2023

Interpretation biases and inflexibility (i.e., difficulties revising interpretations) have been linked to increased internalizing symptoms. Although adolescence is a developmental period characterized by novel social situations and increased vulnerability to internalizing disorders, no studies have examined interpretation inflexibility in adolescents. Additionally, no studies (on adolescents or adults) have examined interpretation flexibility as a protective factor against adverse outcomes of interpersonal events. Using a novel task and a 28-day diary we examined relations among interpretation bias and inflexibility, internalizing symptoms, and negative interpersonal events in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 159, ages 9–18). At baseline, negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms, and positive interpretation bias negatively correlated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Inflexible positive interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms, while inflexible negative interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety. Finally, interpretation inflexibility moderated daily associations between negative interpersonal events and depressive symptoms in daily life, such that higher inflexibility was associated with stronger associations between interpersonal events and subsequent depressive symptoms, potentially increasing depressive symptom instability. These results suggest that interpretation biases and inflexibility may act as both risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and depression.
Unwanted Recommendation
Authors: Loberg Linda , Nüesch Stephan , Allendorf Alexandra M.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: In performance appraisal processes, corporations face the problem that the subjective ratings of employee performance tend to be largely biased toward being too favorable and too homogeneous. Drawing on prospect theory, we conceptualize below-average employee ratings as perceived losses and suggest that the proportion of such ratings increases under a recommended rating distribution because of a higher rating dispersion. The perceived losses may decrease employees’ organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and cooperation while increasing their turnover intentions. Using a large-scale, dual-source proprietary panel dataset from the German Federal Employment Agency, we show that a recommended distribution rating system is negatively related to organizational commitment, while job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and cooperation are unaffected when considering the whole sample. Post-hoc analyses reveal that the adverse effects appear in employees without managerial responsibility, while employees with managerial responsibility remain unaffected by the recommended distribution rating system.