bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Imaging of Regional Cerebral Protein Synthesis in Clinical Alzheimer's Disease by [11C]Leucine PET
Authors: Herholz Karl , McMahon Adam , Thompson Jennifer C. , Jones Matthew , Boutin Herve , Gregory Jamil , Parker Christine A. , Hinz Rainer
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Protein synthesis is essential to maintain integrity and function of the human brain, and protein synthesis is associated specifically with the formation of long-term memory. Experimental and clinical observations indicate that this process is disturbed in Alzheimer’s dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. In-vivo investigation with positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]leucine provides a unique possibility to measure regional cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) rates in human brain and to determine whether it is altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and thus may provide a target for future therapeutic interventions.

Procedures

In this first human study, we measured rCPS by [11C]leucine PET in four patients with AD (age 57–73 years) and compared the results with six healthy controls (three of whom were age matched and the other three were young controls). Quantification of rCPS also required measurement of amino acid (AA) levels and of free and protein-bound [11C]leucine in plasma during the 90 min PET scans conducted following at least six hours of fasting.

Results

Rates of rCPS measured in absolute units of nmol/g/min ranged between 1.81 and 2.53 in AD patients, 2.10 and 2.54 in matched controls, and 2.21 to 2.35 in the young controls. Mean and median values did not show significant differences between the groups. Rates of rCPS also depended upon whether corrections for plasma AA levels were included in the calculations. When considering regional values relative to the corpus callosum as a reference region, there was a tendency towards impairment of rCPS in patients, which was most prominent in the parietal cortex, but did not reach significance. Similar findings were observed with normalisation of rCPS to global cortical mean.

Conclusions

In summary, this first human study assessing regional protein synthesis with [11C]leucine in AD has demonstrated where the sources of variance in measurements of cerebral protein synthesis may arise, along with the potential magnitude of this variance. This study also indicates that there is a tendency towards impairment of rCPS in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, which requires further investigation including possible partial volume effects due to atrophy.
The translation of latent into actual entrepreneurship: the impact of GE
Authors: Cannavale Chiara , Rivieccio Giorgia , Claudio Lorenza , Nadali Iman Zohoorian
Published: November 2024

This study seeks to answer two questions: Is latent entrepreneurship a predictor of entrepreneurial activity? Does Gender Egalitarianism affect the translation of latent into actual entrepreneurship? We developed a quantitative analysis based on a regression with unbalanced panel data covering the 2002–2020 period across 42 countries. We employed data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to investigate latent entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activity. We considered values lagged by three years for latent entrepreneurship and actual data for entrepreneurial activity. We took cultural data from the GLOBE Project to measure Gender Egalitarianism across countries and used both “as is” (Gender Egalitarianism Practices) and “should be” (Gender Egalitarianism Values) scores. Findings indicate that Gender Egalitarianism Values and Gender Egalitarianism Practices mainly have a curvilinear effect on entrepreneurial activity, showing an inverted U-shape relationship. The main contribution is Gender Egalitarianism’s non-linear moderating role in the relationship between latent and actual entrepreneurship: higher Gender Egalitarianism Values and Gender Egalitarianism Practices significantly reduce the effect of latent entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial activity.
Enhancing detection of high-level axillary lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients with nodal involvement: a combined approach of axilla ultrasound and breast elastography
Authors: Huang Jia-Xin , Liu Feng-Tao , Tan Yu-Ting , Wang Xue-Yan , Huang Jia-Hui , Lin Shi-Yang , Huang Gui-Ling , Zhang Yu-Ting , Pei Xiao-Qing
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To develop a combined approach using shear wave elastography (SWE) and conventional ultrasound (US) to determine the extent of positive axillary lymph nodes (LNs) following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer patients with nodal involvement.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400085035). From October 2018 to February 2024, a total of 303 breast cancer patients with biopsy-proven positive LN were enrolled. The conventional US features of axillary LNs and SWE characteristics of breast lesions after NAT were analyzed. The diagnostic performances of axilla US, breast SWE, and their combination in detecting residual metastasis in axillary level III after NAT were assessed.

Results

Pathologically positive LN(s) in axilla level III were detected in 13.75% of cases following NAT. The kappa value for the axilla level with positive LN confirmed by surgical pathology and detected by US is 0.39 (p < 0.001). The AUC of conventional axilla US to determine the status of axilla level III LNs after NAT was 0.67, with a sensitivity of 51.52%, a specificity of 74.36%. The breast SWE displayed moderate performance for detecting residual metastasis in axilla level III following NAT, with an AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 84.85%, and specificity of 74.36%. Compared to axilla US and breast SWE alone, the combination of axilla US with breast SWE achieved a stronger discriminatory ability (AUC, 0.86 vs 0.67 vs 0.79, p < 0.05, Delong’s test) and precise calibration (X2 = 13.90, p = 0.085, HL test), with an improved sensitivity of 93.94% and a comparable specificity of 75.64%%.

Conclusions

SWE outperformed conventional US in identifying the axilla levels with nodal metastasis following NAT in patients with initially diagnosed positive axilla. Furthermore, combining breast SWE with axilla US showed good diagnostic performance for detecting residual metastasis in axilla level III after NAT.
Lagrange duality on DC evenly convex optimization problems via a generalized conjugation scheme
Authors: Fajardo M. D. , Vidal-Nunez J.
Published: November 2024

In this paper we study how Lagrange duality is connected to optimization problems whose objective function is the difference of two convex functions, briefly called DC problems. We present two Lagrange dual problems, each of them obtained via a different approach. While one of the duals corresponds to the standard formulation of the Lagrange dual problem, the other is written in terms of conjugate functions. When one of the involved functions in the objective is evenly convex, both problems are equivalent, but this relation is no longer true in the general setting. For this reason, we study conditions ensuring not only weak, but also zero duality gap and strong duality between the primal and one of the dual problems written using conjugate functions. For the other dual, and due to the fact that weak duality holds by construction, we just develop conditions for zero duality gap and strong duality between the primal DC problem and its (standard) Lagrange dual problem. Finally, we characterize weak and strong duality together with zero duality gap between the primal problem and its Fenchel-Lagrange dual following techniques used throughout the manuscript.
Changes in the tumor microenvironment in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its implication on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Kang Mingu , Park Gahee , Mostafavi Mohammad , Lim Yoojoo , Ock Chan-Young , Koh Jiwon , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Chung Eun-Jae , Kwon Seong-Keun , Keam Bhumsuk
Published: November 2024

Little is known about changes in the abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune phenotype (IP) in recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to compare the TILs and IP between initial and recurrent HNSCCs using paired analysis. Thirty-seven patients who experienced recurrence after surgical resection and received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between June 2014 and June 2023 were included. Changes in intratumoral TIL (iTILs), stromal TIL (sTILs), and IPs were subjected to paired analysis between the initial and recurrent tumors. We investigated their relationship with the outcomes of ICIs. The density of iTIL and sTIL in the recurrent tumors was significantly lower compared to initial tumors. IP was significantly different; the proportion of desert IP was higher in recurrent tumors (83.8% vs. 35.1%, P < 0.001). Increased sTIL was a favorable indicator for overall response to ICIs and progression-free survival. Our findings suggest TILs decrease during recurrence compared with the initial tumor, resulting in a transition toward desert IP. Therefore, careful evaluation of TIL density in both initial and recurrent tumors is recommended when using ICIs in patients with R/M HNSCC.
Mitochondria-based holistic 3PM approach as the ‘game-changer’ for individualised rehabilitation—the proof-of-principle model by treated breast cancer survivors
Authors: Pesta Martin , Mrazova Barbara , Kapalla Marko , Kulda Vlastimil , Gkika Eleni , Golubnitschaja Olga
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer belongs to the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, with its increasing incidence paralleled by advances in early diagnostics and effective treatments resulting in significantly improved survival rates. However, breast cancer survivors often experience significantly reduced quality of life linked to the long-term health burden as a consequence of aggressive oncological treatments applied. Their most frequently recorded complains include chronic fatigue, reduced physical activity, disordered sleep, chronification of pain, and severe mental health impairments—all per evidence are associated with compromised mitochondrial health and impaired homeostasis. Self-report of a breast cancer survivor is included in this article to illustrate currently uncovered patient needs. This article highlights mechanisms behind the suboptimal health of breast cancer survivors associated with mitochondrial damage, and introduces a novel, mitochondria-based holistic approach addressing rehabilitation concepts for breast cancer survivors following advanced principles of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (3PM). By operating via mitochondrial function, the proposed holistic approach triggers systemic effects at molecular, sub/cellular and organismal levels positively affecting energy metabolism, repair mechanisms as well as physical and mental health creating, therefore, highly effective rehabilitation algorithms tailored to an individualised patient profile. The proposed methodology integrates mitochondrial health assessments utilising mitochondrial homeostasis biomarkers in tear fluid as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, tailored nutraceuticals and lifestyle adjustments. The introduced approach aligns with advanced principles of 3PM, offering a holistic and proactive framework for managing persistent post-treatment symptoms of suboptimal health in the cohort of cancer survivors. Furthermore, presented approach is also applicable to pre-habilitation programmes considering needs of other patient cohorts affected by chronic diseases such as CVD and orthopaedic disorders with planned major surgical incisions, who require individually adapted pre- and rehabilitation programmes. Implementing such innovative pre- and rehabilitation strategies may lead to a full recovery, sustainable health conditions and, therefore, facilitating patients’ comeback to normal daily activities, family and professional life. Contextually, presented approach is considered a ‘proof-of-principle’ model for the 3PM-related paradigm shift from reactive medicine to a cost-effective holistic health management in both primary and secondary care benefiting a large spectrum of affected patient cohorts, individuals in suboptimal health conditions as well as society at large.
Gallium-doped titania nanotubes as advanced photocatalysts and biopesticides: a path to water purification and vector control
Authors: Elzaref Ahmed S. , Elfeky Ahmed S. , El-Adawy Hassan A. , Awad Mohamed A. , El-Bahy Zeinhom M.
Published: November 2024

The release of Rose Bengal (RB) dye poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, necessitating sustainable water treatment solutions. This study introduces a novel photocatalytic approach utilizing titania nanotubes (TNTs) doped with varying contents of gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃, 0–5%) via a hydrothermal method. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and XPS, confirmed the formation of nanotubular structures with enhanced surface area and defect states. The total organic carbon (TOC) measurement indicated effective mineralization of RB dye. Among the synthesized photocatalysts, the 1% Gallium-doped titania nanotubes (Ga-doped TNTs) achieved optimal RB degradation, decomposing 97% of the dye within 110 min under UV illumination, owing to improved charge separation and synergistic effects between Ga and TNTs. Furthermore, Ga-doped TNTs demonstrated superior efficacy in mosquito control, with 100% larvicidal mortality observed at 400 °C compared with only 57.2% for TNTs. Similarly, the pupicidal mortality rate at 72 h increased from 26.2% (TNTs) to 60.8% (Ga-doped TNTs-400). The findings emphasize the dual functionality of Ga-doped TNTs as efficient photocatalysts for water purification and eco-friendly biopesticides, presenting a promising strategy for environmental remediation and vector control.
Acoustic process monitoring during projection welding using airborne sound analysis and machine learning
Authors: Koal J. , Baumgarten M. , Nikolov C. , Ramakrishnan S. , Mathiszik C. , Schmale H. C.
Published: November 2024

Resistance projection welding is predominantly performed using capacitor discharge machines, known for their short welding times, rapid current rise times, and high currents compared to medium-frequency inverter technology. The resulting joints are covered up during resistance welding, so that either destructive or non-destructive testing is required to evaluate the quality. Process monitoring is therefore essential in resistance projection welding. The requirement for this is process data that can be acquired and integrated into the process monitoring easily, cost-effectively, and contactlessly. This study investigates the use of low-cost condenser microphones to utilize the airborne sound generated during welding for process monitoring. It is shown that, acoustic data processed by the fast Fourier transform can be used to evaluate the quality of the connection. Only a minor influence of the microphone position could be determined. A machine learning model was also used to detect the batch of the welding nut. The machine parameters, welding nut geometry and material were kept constant. The results show a batch prediction of more than 90% using airborne sound.
Long and short sleep durations can affect cognitive function in older adults through the chain mediation effect of ADL and depression: evidence from CHARLS2018
Authors: Zou Hao , Jiang Lijie , Hou Yueli , Zhang Linlin , Liu Jianrong
Published: November 2024

Background

Both long and short sleep durations may lead to cognitive decline in the elderly individuals, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Aims

To explore the mediating mechanism of activities of daily living and depression on different sleep durations and cognitive function in older Chinese older adults.

Methods

This retrospective study used data from 5,899 older adults who completed the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys. We used the PROCESS macro in SPSS to determine the chain mediating effect of ADL and depression on the relationship between different sleep durations and cognitive functions.

Results

(1) There were significant correlations among sleep duration, ability to perform ADL, depression, and cognitive function. (2) For sleep durations ≤ 7 h/night or > 7 h/night, ADL and depression play a chain mediating role in the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function.

Conclusions

Shorter or longer sleep durations were associated with cognitive decline by weakening ADL and worsening depression, which suggests that medical personnel should take action to correct abnormal sleep duration in older adults. Timely treatment of ADL impairment and depression may help prevent cognitive decline.
Direct and Vicarious Experiences of COVID-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States
Authors: Cho Yong Ju , Sherchan Juliana S. , Fernandez Jessica R. , Barlow Sydney A. , Strassle Paula D. , Forde Allana T.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Study Design

This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021.

Methods

COVID-19-related racism was measured using single items about whether participants: 1.) experienced racism because they were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (direct); 2.) witnessed racism against others who were thought to belong to a group more likely to get COVID-19 (vicarious). Logistic regression examined differences in experiencing COVID-19-related racism across racial and ethnic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Themes emerged from open-ended descriptions of racism experiences coded in a thematic analysis and were reported across racial and ethnic groups.

Results

Overall, 6.4% and 15.9% of adults experienced direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism, respectively. All racial and ethnic groups (except Hispanic/Latino English Language Preference) were significantly more likely than White adults to experience direct (AORs: 2.06–4.92) and vicarious (AORs: 1.63–3.02) COVID-19-related racism. Racial and ethnic differences were observed across thematic domains of type of mistreatment and settings where racism occurred.

Conclusions

Direct and vicarious COVID-19-related racism were more prevalent among marginalized racial and ethnic groups, comprised various types of mistreatment, and occurred across multiple settings, thus highlighting the need for integrated efforts to reduce and prevent racism.
Influence of Soil Extractable Plant Nutrients on the Walnut Kernel Ionome in Southern Kyrgyzstan at Different Elevations
Authors: Oskonbaeva Zhyldyz , Joergensen Rainer Georg , Wichern Florian
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Climate change causes altered precipitation patterns and temperature increases, which may affect food quantity and quality. In Kyrgyzstan anticipated temperature changes are expected to influence the physiology of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and soil properties relevant to plant nutrition, thereby impacting walnut fruit quality. This study explores the relationship between plant available nutrients in soil and walnut fruit nutrient content as affected by future temperature changes.

Methods

The soil samples were collected in the walnut forests of Southern Kyrgyzstan from top- and subsoils at three elevation levels (1000, 1300, and 1600 m above sea level). The walnut samples were collected from the same sampling sites and both soil Mehlich-3 extracts and acid digests of walnut fruits analyzed by ICP-OES.

Results

The results revealed no consistent relationship between Mehlich-3 extractable elements and walnut extractable elements, except for a weak negative correlation with zinc (Zn). Stronger relationships were observed among soil elements, but no clear associations with elevation levels were found. The walnut kernel ionome exhibited differences, particularly in calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations, with the low elevation site showing higher Ca and lower K concentrations compared to the high elevation site.

Conclusions

Differences in average temperature as caused by elevation did not affect available plant nutrients in the soil but altered the walnut kernel ionome and thus affected the walnut quality in the investigated forest systems. Future investigations should focus on climate change effects, such as altered precipitation patterns and drought, which may impact walnut fruit development and kernel properties.
Architecture and Power in Early Central Europe
Authors: Graczyńska Marta
Published: November 2024

The book presents the panorama of social, cultural, and religious changes in the states of the Piast, Premyslid, and Arpad dynasties. Major change occurred in the tenth century and again at the turn of the eleventh century. Given the scarcity of written sources, the author employs an analysis of architectural forms which she applies to buildings founded by dukes, kings, and nobles at this period.

Architecture serves as a reliable source of knowledge and can be successfully read as a text using comparative analysis, iconology, and semiotics. No piece of art appeared without an historical context: forms, functions, and styles are all documents created by its founders and creators. The conclusions of this research help us to understand the era that shaped the foundations of the Polish, Czech, and the Hungarian states.
Magnolia
Authors: Tennant Agnita
Published: November 2024

South Korea 1957. Sukey, an intelligent graduate with much promise, falls in love with a man, Kwon, who confesses to her that he has been a North Korean spy. It is four years since the Korean War ended in a cease-fire (having started on 25 June 1950). Even though fighting is suspended, hostility and enmity towards the North is the social norm. With anti-spy campaigns, street and hotel searches, and arrests of any suspect, citizens are urged to be vigilant and to report on any suspicious goings-on. When Sukey takes on Kwon as her lover, she has little idea of what it will be like to keep an ex-spy hidden away from society, her family and friends. Her world changes overnight, and within a few months she is reduced to a nervous wreck.
Designing toy prototypes: an exploration of how fidelity affects children’s feedback on prototypes
Authors: Codner Andria , Lauff Carlye Anne
Published: November 2024

Testing prototypes with users is essential when developing new products. This qualitative study examines and organizes users’ (children) feedback on physical toy prototypes at various fidelity levels; the data collected comes from a multidisciplinary design studio class tasked with developing wooden toys for the company PlanToys. In this research, we use an organizational framework to categorize stakeholders’ feedback, which includes affirmative feedback, convergent critical feedback, and divergent critical feedback. In our analysis, the children’s feedback was compared by prototype fidelity in terms of both form and function, as well as by the feedback categorization. Findings suggest that form fidelity may bias children toward giving more divergent feedback, that function fidelity may have little impact on feedback given, that children tend to give more types of feedback on lower fidelity than higher fidelity models, and that play value, form, interaction, and function were the highest reported categories of feedback. Based on our observations, we encourage toy designers to be aware of their goals for testing with children before beginning to prototype. This paper is a resource for designers to understand how to prototype for children, as well as resource for researchers studying how specific end users influence the product design process.
Sunk cost predictions as theory of mind
Authors: Howard Amy , Sehl Claudia , Denison Stephanie , Friedman Ori
Published: November 2024

People often predict that they, and others, will be biased by sunk costs—they think that investing in an object or goal increases how much one values or wants it. In this article, we use sunk cost predictions to look at people’s theory of mind and their conceptions of mental life. More specifically, we ask which mental states and motivations are seen as underlying the bias. To investigate this, participants in two preregistered experiments predicted whether different kinds of agents would be biased by sunk costs, and also assessed the agents’ mental abilities. Participants predicted that some kinds of agents (e.g., human adults and children, robots) would show the sunk cost bias and that others would not (e.g., raccoons and human babies). These predictions were strongly related to the participants’ assessments of whether the different kinds of agents are capable of seeing actions as wasteful, but also related to their assessments of the agents’ capacities to feel regret and frustration.
‘Wages for Housework’: the evolution of the debate in the 1970s Italian women's movement
Authors: Gabrielli Martina
Published: November 2024

This article delves into the historical trajectory of Lotta Femminista, a pioneering separatist feminist network in Italy during the early 1970s, and its significant influence on feminist discourse, particularly concerning the advocacy for wages for housework. Through an examination of the group's development within the broader context of the Italian women's movement, this study illuminates the theoretical foundations and practical activism associated with the perspective on wages for housework. Drawing on archival documents and personal accounts, the essay investigates how Lotta Femminista depicted domestic labour as a form of women's exploitation within a Marxist framework. Despite facing criticism and opposition, Lotta Femminista's ideas resonated globally, leaving a legacy in feminist theory and activism. Through its engagement with issues such as the refusal to work and the recognition of unpaid care as a site of capitalist exploitation, Lotta Femminista contributed to the broader history of feminism in Italy and beyond.
Association of chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic health in a sample of Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lesani Azadeh , Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Djafarian Kurosh , Majdi Maryam , Akbarzade Zahra , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: November 2024

Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field that examines how the frequency and timing of meals impact health. Previous research shows inconsistency in the relationship between chrono-nutritional components and cardiometabolic health. We investigated cross-sectional associations between these components and cardiometabolic health in 825 Iranian adults aged 20–59 years. Dietary data, including the number of eating occasions, meal timing and meal irregularity of energy intake, were collected using three 24-h dietary recalls. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and laboratory tests (fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, uric acid and C-reactive protein) were conducted. Insulin resistance and sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity), the TAG-glucose, the lipid accommodation product and BMI were calculated. The demographic and morning-evening questionnaire was completed. General linear regression was used to assess associations between chrono-nutritional components and outcomes. Interactions with age and BMI were examined in all associations. Chrono-nutrition components were not significantly related to cardiometabolic risk factors in the total population. However, a lower number of eating occasions was associated with an increased LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (β (95 % CI): 0·26 (0·06, 0·48)) among overweight and obese participants. Additionally, less irregularity in breakfast energy intake was associated with a lower total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (–0·37 (–0·95, –0·18)) and a lower LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (–0·32 (–0·79, –0·13)) among participants with a normal BMI (all P< 0·05). The study concluded that more frequent meals and regular energy intake might enhance cardiometabolic health cross-sectionally, highlighting the need for prospective studies to further investigate these associations and the mediating role of BMI.
The Populist Radical Right as Memory Entrepreneur? The Prominence, Sentiment, and Interpretations of History in the German Parliament
Authors: Dilling Matthias , Krawatzek Félix
Published: November 2024

Populist radical right (PRR) parties' attacks against prevailing historical interpretations have received much public attention because they question the foundations of countries' political orders. Yet, how prominent are such attacks and what characterizes their sentiment and content? This article proposes an integrated mixed-methods approach to investigate the prominence, sentiment, and interpretations of history in PRR politicians' parliamentary speeches. Studying the case of Germany, we conducted a quantitative analysis of national parliamentary speeches (2017–2021), combined with a qualitative analysis of all speeches made by Alternative for Germany (AfD) in 2017–2018. The AfD does not use historical markers more prominently but is distinctly less negative when speaking about history compared to its general political language. The collocation and qualitative analyses reveal the nuanced ways in which the AfD affirms and disavows various mnemonic traditions, underlining the PRR's complex engagement with established norms.
Spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.)) as an exclusive or partial source of water for goats: histomorphological changes in the digestive, hepatic and renal systems
Authors: Matias da Costa Tamiris , Bezerra Moreno Greicy Mitzi , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Neto Oscar Boaventura , Silva de Almeida Vitor Visintin , de Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais , Silva Edjanio Galdino da , Guerra Ricardo Romão
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production performance and the occurrence of histomorphometric changes in the digestive, hepatic and renal systems of goats fed with a diet containing different contents of 25 and 55% spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.)) and with partial or total restriction of drinking water. A total of 35 castrated male goats were used, with an average initial body weight of 19 + 1.4 kg, an average age of 8 months and distributed into five treatments: control (CON): 0.8 Tifton-85 hay and 0.2 concentrate with access to drinking water; 0.25 spineless cactus with access to drinking water (25ADW); 0.25 spineless cactus without access to drinking water (25NDW); 0.55 spineless cactus with access to drinking water (55ADW) and 0.55 spineless cactus without access to drinking water (55NDW). Ruminal and intestinal morphometry, liver glycogen reserve index, duodenal goblet cell index and liver and kidney histopathology were carried out. In the treatment with 0.25 spineless cactus and 0.55 Tifton-85 hay, dry matter intake increased by 26%. The papilla absorption area showed that the 0.55 spineless cactus content provided a larger area (P < 0.05) compared to the 0.25 content and the control. It can be concluded that spineless cactus (N. cochenillifera (L.)) can be used in the diet of goats at a concentration of up to 0.55, associated with Tifton-85, with or without access to drinking water, without causing losses in animal performance or at ruminal, intestinal, hepatic or renal level.
No new problem for the Trinity: A reply to Mooney
Authors: Czepielik Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

The Father is God, the Son is God, the Holy Spirit is God, but there is only one God – this is the traditional problem of the Trinity. Recently, a new problem for the doctrine of the Trinity has been developed. God is triune, the Son is God, but the Son is not triune – that’s the new Triunity Problem. In this article, I show that adopting any solution to a traditional problem makes it possible to solve the new problem without incurring additional costs. I distinguish possible types of solutions to the traditional problem and point out the costs involved. I then show how each of these solutions can be used and developed to solve the new problem.
The Constructive Deconstruction of Mary Overlie's Six Viewpoints
Authors: Cullen S. Daniel
Published: November 2024

Since its publication in 2005, Anne Bogart and Tina Landau's The Viewpoints Book: A Practical Guide to Viewpoints and Composition has provided the received narrative not only for the ways that Viewpoints training is practiced, but also for its history. In their opening chapter, the authors crucially acknowledge that they did not invent this method of training:

In 1979, Anne met choreographer Mary Overlie, the inventor of the “Six Viewpoints,” at New York University, where they were both on the faculty of the Experimental Theater Wing. Although a latecomer to the Judson scene, Mary, who had trained as a dancer and choreographer, attributes her own innovations to those Judson Church experiments. . . . Mary immersed herself in these innovations and came up with her own way to structure dance improvisation in time and space—the Six Viewpoints: Space, Shape, Time, Emotion, Movement, and Story. She began to apply these principles, not only to her own work as a choreographer, but also to her teaching.

Although Bogart and Landau claim the necessary authority to bring this “practical guide” into the marketplace, they make no secret of the fact that their work derives from Mary Overlie's innovations. To obfuscate on this point would have been a grave misstep causing outcry from the hundreds of performers who studied with Overlie over the preceding three decades. Many of those students have contested Bogart and Landau's implication that Overlie's purpose on the Experimental Theater Wing faculty was specifically to teach dance. Even giving Bogart and Landau the benefit of the doubt on that point, this acknowledgment alone would raise questions about why these authors feel they have the right to publish the definitive work on Viewpoints training—and why they now list nine viewpoints, which exclude some of the original six. To these questions, Bogart and Landau say:

To Anne (and later Tina), it was instantly clear that Mary's approach to generating movement for the stage was applicable to creating viscerally dynamic moments of theater with actors and other collaborators.
Effect of age on susceptibility to the attraction effect in sequential risky decision-making
Authors: Koscielniak Maciej , Rydzewska Klara , Gasiorowska Agata , Sedek Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

Our study aims to contribute to the existing body of research on age-related changes in decision-making by investigating susceptibility to the attraction effect across adulthood. Prior studies have produced inconsistent conclusions regarding the decision-making abilities of older individuals, with some portraying them as easily manipulated and risk-averse, while others suggest the opposite. To address this issue, we conducted two experiments using a novel paradigm of the roulette task: (1) in an online environment with 357 participants and (2) in a laboratory setting with 173 participants. The results were consistent and demonstrated the robustness of the attraction effect. However, no age differences in susceptibility to the attraction effect as a common decision bias were found. As predicted, older adults were more likely to commit simple decision-making mistakes, especially in the preliminary trials, which could have serious financial or societal consequences. Additionally, older adults exhibited more risk-seeking behaviours. Furthermore, we observed that the dynamics of decision competence (as indicated by a decrease in the selection of erroneous decoy options and an increase in decision fluency) were similar for both younger and older adults, suggesting preservation of the ability to optimise decision-making while becoming familiar with new tasks. These findings provide insight into the cognitive functioning of older adults and indicate that decision-making abilities in late adulthood may be more complex than commonly assumed.
Considering heterogeneity within negative emotionality can inform the distinction between diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility: Children’s early anger and fear as moderators of effects of parental socialization on antisocial conduct
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Kochanska Grazyna
Published: November 2024

The importance of interactions between child temperament and parenting has been accepted ever since Thomas and Chess (1977) proposed their “goodness-of-fit” construct, but over the last three decades, pertinent research has grown exponentially. Researchers examining child characteristics that can moderate the effects of socialization have tested increasingly complex, nuanced, and sophisticated models, largely inspired by the highly influential frameworks of child plasticity or differential susceptibility (Belsky & Pluess, 2009). Yet, multiple questions remain unsettled. We addressed four such questions as applied to predicting children’s observed disregard for rules at age 4.5 in a study of 200 community families from the US Midwest. (a) We examined children’s observed negative emotionality at 16 months, most commonly seen as a plasticity “trait,” but separating anger and fear proneness, which may differently moderate effects of socialization. (b) We examined two separate aspects of observed parental socialization at age 3, mutually responsive orientation and power assertion. (c) We distinguished analytically diathesis-stress from differential susceptibility. (d) We examined all effects in mother– and father–child relationships. We supported both diathesis-stress and differential susceptibility, depending on the facet of negative emotionality, the aspect of socialization considered, and parental gender, highlighting the nuanced nature of the processes involved.
Decreasing Perceived Moral Distress in Pediatrics Residents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lyle Allison N.J. , Quain Angela , Ali Sara , Inanc Salih Zeynep N.
Published: November 2024

Pediatric residents experience ethical dilemmas and moral distress during training. Few studies have identified meaningful methods in reducing moral distress in pediatric trainees. The authors aimed to determine how residents perceive ethics case discussions, whether such a program affects trainee ethics knowledge and perceived moral distress, and if residents’ perceived moral distress changes before, during, and after a discussion series. Participants included pediatric residents in a single residency program. Five separate 1-hour sessions were presented over a 5-month period. Each session consisted of a case presentation by a resident developed under the guidance of an ethicist. Multidisciplinary services and content experts were present during sessions. Baseline, postsession, and final surveys were distributed to resident attendees. Open-ended responses were recorded. When comparing baseline and final responses, the only significance was increased preparedness to navigate ethical decisions (p = 0.004). A 10.2% decline was observed in perceived moral distress. An increase in ethics knowledge was observed. Residents favored case-based, multidisciplinary discussions. Residents desire more sessions, time for small-group discussions, and legal insight. Satisfaction was high with 90.7% of respondents feeling better prepared to address ethical concerns. Pediatric trainees desire case-based ethics training that incorporates small-group discussions and insight from multidisciplinary topic experts.
A revisit to the “Rigorous study of propagation in metallic circular waveguide filled with anisotropic metamaterial”
Authors: Moradi Afshin
Published: November 2024

Sakli et al. previously studied the propagation characteristics of wave modes in a metallic circular waveguide filled with anisotropic metamaterial [Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol.9, 805–813 (2017)]. They derived and analyzed the wave equation and dispersion relations for TE
z
and TM
z
modes (i.e., TE and TM waves related to the z-axis) within the waveguide. However, they did not verify whether the system actually supports these TE
z
and TM
z
waves. This work aims to investigate that issue. Our findings indicate that, in general, a metallic circular waveguide filled with anisotropic metamaterial cannot support the propagation of TE
z
and TM
z
waves. Consequently, the results presented by Sakli et al. are incorrect.
The Polyphony Project: An Exploration of Ukrainian Musical Heritage
Authors: APJOK VIVIEN , KERESZTÉNY CSENGE , VARGA SÁNDOR
Published: November 2024

In the spirit of Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály’s work, Miklós Both has been collecting folk songs in Ukraine since 2013 with the help of an international research group. The results of the collecting trips are available in the form of a modern, user-friendly online database that supports both scientific use and public education. The collection received a lot of publicity in 2017 when the Polyphony Project website was launched. The 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War also put the enterprise in the spotlight. This review highlights the scientific and pedagogical usability and importance of the Polyphony Project.
Quantifying Streambed Grain Size, Uncertainty, and Hydrobiogeochemical Parameters Using Machine Learning Model YOLO
Authors: Chen Yunxiang , Bao Jie , Chen Rongyao , Li Bing , Yang Yuan , Renteria Lupita , Delgado Dillman , Forbes Brieanne , Goldman Amy E. , Simhan Manasi , Barnes Morgan E. , Laan Maggi , McKever Sophia , Hou Z. Jason , Chen Xingyuan , Scheibe Timothy , Stegen James
Published: November 2024

Streambed grain sizes control river hydro‐biogeochemical (HBGC) processes and functions. However, measuring their quantities, distributions, and uncertainties is challenging due to the diversity and heterogeneity of natural streams. This work presents a photo‐driven, artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled, and theory‐based workflow for extracting the quantities, distributions, and uncertainties of streambed grain sizes from photos. Specifically, we first trained You Only Look Once, an object detection AI, using 11,977 grain labels from 36 photos collected from nine different stream environments. We demonstrated its accuracy with a coefficient of determination of 0.98, a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.98, and a mean absolute relative error of 6.65% in predicting the median grain size of 20 ground‐truth photos representing nine typical stream environments. The AI is then used to extract the grain size distributions and determine their characteristic grain sizes, including the 10th, 50th, 60th, and 84th percentiles, for 1,999 photos taken at 66 sites within a watershed in the Northwest US. The results indicate that the 10th, median, 60th, and 84th percentiles of the grain sizes follow log‐normal distributions, with most likely values of 2.49, 6.62, 7.68, and 10.78 cm, respectively. The average uncertainties associated with these values are 9.70%, 7.33%, 9.27%, and 11.11%, respectively. These data allow for the computation of the quantities, distributions, and uncertainties of streambed HBGC parameters, including Manning's coefficient, Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor, top layer interstitial velocity magnitude, and nitrate uptake velocity. Additionally, major sources of uncertainty in grain sizes and their impact on HBGC parameters are examined.
Influence of Lower Atmospheric Variability: An Investigation of Delayed Ionospheric Response to Solar Activity
Authors: Vaishnav Rajesh , Jacobi Christoph , Schmölter Erik , Dühnen Hanna
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of lower atmospheric forcing on upper atmospheric variability using the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). We conducted numerical experiments comparing induced variability due to Hough Mode Extension (HME) tides constrained by winds and temperatures from Ionospheric Connection Explorer‐Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (ICON‐MIGHTI) observations. Our model comparisons focus on the changes in the composition of the thermosphere‐ionosphere and the delayed ionospheric response to the 27‐day solar EUV flux variations during periods of low solar activity. We report the results of model simulations with and without tidal forcing at the approximate 97 km lower boundary of the TIEGCM. The differences led to changes in thermosphere‐ionosphere parameters such as electron density, peak electron density, and the ratio. The results show that the impact of tidal forcing is mainly observed in the low‐ and mid‐latitude regions, affecting the correlation between and NmF2. This change in correlation affects the amount of ionospheric delay. When tidal forcing is included, the modeled delay improves compared to the observed delay during low solar activity. The spatial variation of ionospheric delay due to induced tidal effects highlights the importance of understanding lower atmospheric forcing in thermosphere‐ionosphere models. This is crucial for predicting and understanding the ionospheric response to solar flux.
The influence of endothelial metabolic reprogramming on the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kane Kelby , Edwards Deanna , Chen Jin
Published: November 2024

Endothelial cells (ECs) that line blood vessels act as gatekeepers and shape the metabolic environment of every organ system. In normal conditions, endothelial cells are relatively quiescent with organ-specific expression signatures and metabolic profiles. In cancer, ECs are metabolically reprogrammed to promote the formation of new blood vessels to fuel tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to EC’s role on tumor cells, the tortuous tumor vasculature contributes to an immunosuppressive environment by limiting T lymphocyte infiltration and activity while also promoting the recruitment of other accessory pro-angiogenic immune cells. These elements aid in the metastatic spreading of cancer cells and contribute to therapeutic resistance. The concept of restoring a more stabilized vasculature in concert with cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a potential approach to overcoming barriers in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the metabolism of endothelial cells, their regulation of nutrient uptake and delivery, and their impact in shaping the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity. We highlight new therapeutic approaches that target the tumor vasculature and harness the immune response. Appreciating the integration of metabolic state and nutrient levels and the crosstalk among immune cells, tumor cells, and ECs in the TME may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.