bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dragonfly algorithm for solving the Fixed Charge Transportation Problem FCTP
Authors: Amrani Ismail Ezzerrifi , El Idrissi Ahmed Lahjouji , Abdelkhalek Bahri , El Allaoui Ahmad
Published: February 2024

The primary focus of this article is dedicated to a thorough investigation of the Fixed Load Transportation Problem (FCTP) and the proposition of an exceedingly efficient resolution method, with a specific emphasis on the achievement of optimal transportation plans within practical time constraints. The FCTP, recognized for its intricate nature, falls into the NP-complete category, notorious for its exponential growth in solution time as the problem's size escalates. Within the realm of combinatorial optimization, metaheuristic techniques like the Dragonfly algorithm and genetic algorithms have garnered substantial acclaim due to their remarkable capacity to deliver high-quality solutions to the challenging FCTP. These techniques demonstrate substantial potential in accelerating the resolution of this formidable problem. The central goal revolves around the exploration of groundbreaking solutions for the Fixed Load Transportation Problem, all while concurrently minimizing the time investment required to attain these optimal solutions. This undertaking necessitates the adept utilization of the Dragonfly algorithm, an algorithm inspired by natural processes, known for its adaptability and robustness in solving complex problems. The FCTP, functioning as an optimization problem, grapples with the multifaceted task of formulating distribution plans for products originating from multiple sources and destined for various endpoints. The overarching aspiration is to minimize overall transportation costs, a challenge that mandates meticulous considerations, including product availability at source locations and demand projections at destination points. The proposed methodology introduces an innovative approach tailored explicitly for addressing the Fixed Charge Transport Problem (FCTP) by harnessing the inherent capabilities of the Dragonfly algorithm. This adaptation of the algorithm's underlying processes is precisely engineered to handle large-scale FCTP instances, with the ultimate objective of unveiling solutions that have hitherto remained elusive. The numerical results stemming from our rigorous experiments unequivocally underscore the remarkable prowess of the Dragonfly algorithm in discovering novel and exceptionally efficient solutions. This demonstration unequivocally reaffirms its effectiveness in overcoming the inherent challenges posed by substantial FCTP instances. In summary, the research represents a significant leap forward in the domain of FCTP solution methodologies by seamlessly integrating the formidable capabilities of the Dragonfly algorithm into the problem-solving process. The insights and solutions presented in this article hold immense promise for significantly enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of FCTP resolution, ultimately benefiting a broad spectrum of industries and logistics systems, and promising advancements in the optimization of transportation processes
Relationship between Cystatin C levels and the severity of kidney damage in patients with kidney failure
Authors: Chugcho Aguagallo Alexandra Estefania , Moina Veloz Álvaro Paul
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Renal failure is a disease in which the kidneys present a decrease in glomerular filtration, so they are not able to eliminate water and wastes from the blood correctly. It is classified into two types; acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease in which the latter has generated a greater impact in terms of mortality. Objective: To relate Cystatin C levels and the severity of renal damage in patients with renal failure. Methods: A descriptive and observational research was carried out with a non-experimental design and a descriptive and exploratory level of research, to develop this research the PRISMA methodology was used, where the main sources used for its development are detailed. Results: this research describes the generalities about cystatin C, analytical methods, interferences, stability, and the stages of analysis of this biomarker, the same that was classified into pre-analysis, analysis and post-analysis of the test exposing in each of them the most important points involved. Conclusions: Cystatin C turns out to be a biomarker with a higher accuracy and sensitivity compared to other tests, in terms of clinical utility this test allows early detection of renal failure, and in patients suffering from this disease helps to determine the stage in which they are in this way allows to obtain a better diagnosis and prognosis regarding this condition
Effectiveness of fruit and vegetable consumption with asthmatic symptoms and episodes: A systematic review
Authors: Thomann-López Emilie , González-Ramírez Moisés , Morales-Quiroga Gastón , Pérez-Sánchez1 Carolina , López-Espinoza Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic disease, so it is essential to adhere to good treatment and follow the recommendations appropriatel, Objective: to determine the effectiveness of recommending the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) on the reduction of asthma attacks, including Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) scores, Methods: The search was performed in the electronic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Studies were included that applied at least one intervention or recommendation for FV consumption in patients with asthma, airway inflammation and other associated problems. Two independent reviewers assessed the selected studies and measured risk of bias. Relevant information was summarized and combined with random effect meta-analysis (DerSimonian-Laird). RevMan 5,4 was applied. Finally, the degree of recommendation was evaluated with GRADE-pro, Results: Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) totaling 197 subjects were identified. A decrease in asthma symptoms was observed according to the ACQ, but not statistically significant (-0,20; 95 % CI: -0.59, 0,19). Furthermore, interleukin-6 also did not present significance 0,20 (95 % CI: -0,06, 0,46). The nature of the design of the meta-analyzed studies allows a high and moderate degree of recommendation to be scored, respectively. The findings in general suggest that FV intake can generate favorable changes in asthma and its prevention. However, this study failed to demonstrate this statistically, Conclusion: It is necessary that more RCTs be carried out to increase the power of the evidence and update the available information
Importance in the determination of serum uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in pregnant women
Authors: Guadalupe-Carrasco Ana Lizbeth , Ramos-Ramírez Martha Cecilia
Published: February 2024

The fundamental importance of the analytes lies in their role as primary biomarkers to identify possible conditions that may arise during the gestation process. Objective: To analytes the importance of determining uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides in pregnant women. Methodology: The article was a literature review that focused on the synthesis and analysis of scientific articles related to the topic in question. The PRISMA method was used to search for information, which consisted of an exhaustive and systematic search for relevant data using appropriate search terms and strategies. Results: Thirteen articles were screened and selected for analysis, of which six were excluded because they focused on pregnant women, but with different analytes. From the standards, 7 articles were identified that met the methodology and were included in the article development analysis. Conclusions: The research evidenced that the evaluation of uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels are a first source in preclinical diagnosis, however, among the most common pathologies such as preeclampsia there are approximately 66 predictive parameters being this an important part of prenatal care to promote a healthy pregnancy
Environmental factors associated with cleft lip and palate in children treated at the William Soler Hospital
Authors: Valcarcel Llerandi Julio , Morales Peralta Estela , Fernández González María del Carmen , Pérez Borrego Amparo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most prevalent craniofacial congenital defect worldwide. It consists of a labial or palatal cleft, even a combination of both. It is currently known that cleft lip and palate have multifactorial causes, which include both genetic and environmental factors, which influence the first trimester of pregnancy. Objective: To describe environmental factors in patients with cleft lip and palate treated at the William Soler Pediatric Hospital, in the period between 2021 and 2022. Methodological design: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study in patients with a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate. The sample was characterized taking into account sex, type of fissure, maternal toxic habits, exposure to radiation, mechanical injuries and environmental toxins, drug consumption, as well as acute and chronic maternal diseases. Data collected during interrogation and physical examination were used. Results: isolated palatal clefts represented 50,5 %. 13,7 % of mothers smoked during the first trimester of pregnancy, while 10,5 % consumed alcohol. High blood pressure (25 %) was the most common maternal chronic disease while 41 % were diagnosed with vaginal moniliasis. Conclusions: Isolated cleft palate and considerable tobacco and alcohol consumption among pregnant women predominated. Among the chronic diseases, there was a predominance of high blood pressure, the most frequent infectious diseases were vaginal moniliasis and urinary tract infections, and there was a high frequency of the consumption of clotrimazole and oral contraceptives
Isolation of apigenin-7-O-(6’’-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside from Leucas aspera L. with anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities
Authors: Manivannan Rajamanickam
Published: February 2024

Context: Leucas aspera L. (Labiatae) is a common aromatic herb and grows generously in South India and in the broad area of South Asia. Traditionally, this species is taken orally for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and wound healing treatments. Aims: To isolate compounds from L. aspera with anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. Methods: The chloroform extract was subjected to a column chromatography on silica gel 60 and their structures were established by spectral analysis (UV, IR, and NMR). The anti-inflammatory activity of the test compounds was evaluated in male albino rats. The acute inflammation was induced by the subplantar administration of 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan in the right paw. The excision wound model was used to study the rate of wound contraction and the time required for complete epithelization of the injuries in rabbits. Results: A flavonoid apigenin-7-O-(6''-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D–glucopyrano-side (1) was isolated from a chloroform fraction of L. aspera. The hydrolysis of compound 1 yield an apigenin (aglycone), caffeic acid and β-D-glucose. Assuming caffeoyl glucose linked to the 7-OH group of apigenin. Conclusions: Compound 1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with standard diclofenac sodium. The wound healing study revealed that decreased wound area and significant increase in epithelialization in treatment groups was observed.
Genotoxicity biomarkers for monitoring occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs
Authors: Rodríguez-Montero Hilda M. , Argote-Pelegrino Esther , Díaz-Curbelo Adriana , Cuétara-Lugo Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2024

Context: The Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR) is the leading institution for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cancer in Cuba. The main methods used in cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The last one involves the handling of hazardous substances, such as cytostatics, which implies a health risk to persons occupationally exposed to it. There are two sites where a considerable among of cytostatic is handled (Ambulatory Chemotherapy Room (ACR) and the Central Unit of Cytostatic Mixture Preparation (CUCM)). Genotoxicity biomarkers of exposure and effects have been widely used to detect occupational environment hazards. Aims: To evaluate genotoxicity biomarkers indicative of exposure and effects to cytostatics. Methods: In this study were tested samples taken from the surfaces of biological safety cabinets located in the Central Unit of Cytostatic Mixture using SOS – Chromotest. We also evaluated samples of oral mucosa exfoliated cells from exposed and control subjects, by micronucleus test. Results: All subjects were exposed and subjects who administered the mixes in the institution had an increased of DNA damage in comparison with the pharmaceutical staff that prepared it and wear the primary protection barriers properly. Conclusions: These results underline the efficiency of genotoxicological biomarkers in detecting the exposure levels and the deleterious effect of cytostatics on occupationally exposed personal.
Limits determination of microbial contamination present on surfaces from a pharmaceutical microbiology district reference laboratory
Authors: Charry Natalia , Gómez Sandra L.
Published: February 2024

Context: The bioburden present on the pharmaceutical microbiology laboratory’s surfaces, may increase the risk of cross-contamination when analytical tests are being carried out; periodic monitoring allows to set limits that reduce the risk. Aims: To determinate the limits of bioburden present on seven surfaces of the pharmaceutical microbiology laboratory, after the cleaning and disinfection process. Methods: The swabbing method was used for sampling. With a 25 cm2 stencil and a sterile swab, a sample was taken, passing the swab over five points of every surface chosen. A total aerobic microbial count and a total yeast and mold count was done. Finally, the average and the standard deviation of the counts was obtained. Results: The average from the counts obtained on each surface selected for the study, were below the recommended limits by international entities like the World Health Organization and the European Union, between others; also, the results generated in this study, allow to classify the biosafety cabinet as an ISO 5 area and the other areas as ISO 7. Conclusions: Bioburden levels on the tested surfaces are considered low, reducing the risk of cross-contamination, which could have a negative impact on laboratory’s activities. Also, it follows that disinfectant concentration used, is effectively.
Nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Al-Qutaym­ Abdullah , Bin Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Hamad Abubaker M. , Alkharfy Khalid M.
Published: February 2024

Context: Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) is a popular leafy prostrate branching herb used in folk medicine as a diuretic and urinary antiseptic. Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of the ethanolic plant extract and petroleum ether, dichloromethane and aqueous methanol fractions against CCl4 induced toxicity in adult Wistar rats. Methods: The total 95% ethanol extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg and petroleum ether, dichloromethane and aqueous methanol at 200 mg/kg was administered p.o. for seven days followed by one dose of CCl4 (1.25 mL/kg, p.o.) at day six. Serum and tissue parameters for both liver and kidney functions were measured. Histopathological study of both tissues was conducted. Results were compared with normal rats, negative controls receiving only CCl4 and positive controls treated with silymarin (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Results: Effect of the total 95% ethanol extract at 400 mg/kg on serum and tissue liver parameters were weak. However, protective effect on kidney was promising. The best effect was observed on the urea and creatinine levels. Both malondialdehyde and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in kidney tissues were improved to levels comparable with those obtained by silymarin. Conclusions: The current study confirmed the positive effect of the plant on the kidney tissues and function. The activity was trapped to the dichloromethane fraction that could provide pure active compounds.
A novel high-performance thin layer chromatography method for quantification of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons from Cissus quadrangularis
Authors: Jain Vandana , Kinjawadekar Vedang , Laddha Kirti
Published: February 2024

Context: A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an analytical technique, which can be used for the determination of constituents or marker components in various parts of the plants. Earlier studies have estimated phytoconstituents from the stem and other aerial plant parts of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Estimation of hydrocarbons can also be successfully done using HPTLC technique using suitable derivatization. Aims: To develop and validate a simple and rapid method for the estimation of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons from the leaves of C. quadrangularis using HPTLC technique. Methods: Precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates were used as stationary phase. The mobile phase used was hexane (100 %). The detection of spots was carried out using berberine sulphate as detecting reagent. Results: The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Linearity range was found to be 2-10 µg/mL, limit of detection 0.127 µg/mL, and limit of quantification 0.384 µg/mL. Conclusions: A novel, simple, accurate, precise and sensitive HPTLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained from the leaves of C. quadrangularis Linn.
Therapeutic potential of the novel hybrid molecule JM-20 against focal cortical ischemia in rats
Authors: Núñez Figueredo Yanier , Ramírez-Sanchez Jeney , Hansel Gisele , Pardo-Andreu Gilberto L. , Merino Nelson , Aparicio Guillermo , Delgado-Hernández Rene , García-Pupo Laura , Ochoa-Rodríguez Estael , Verdecia-Reyes Yamila , Souza Diogo O.
Published: February 2024

Context: Despite the great mortality and morbidity of stroke, treatment options remain limited. We previously showed that JM-20, a novel synthetic molecule, possessed a strong neuroprotective effect in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, to verify the robustness of the pre-clinical neuroprotective effects of JM-20 to get good prognosis in the translation to the clinic, it is necessary to use other experimental models of brain ischemia. Aims: To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of JM-20 following the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia induced in rats by thermocoagulation of blood into pial blood vessels of cerebral cortices. Methods: Ischemic lesion was induced by thermocoagulation of blood into pial blood vessels of primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Behavioral performance was evaluated by the cylinder testing for a period of 2, 3 and 7 days after surgery, and was followed by histopathological study in brain cortex stained with hematoxylin- eosin. Results: Ischemic injury resulted in impaired function of the forelimb evidenced by high asymmetry punctuation, and caused histopathological alterations indicative of tissue damage at cerebral cortex. JM-20 treatment (4 and 8 mg/kg) significantly decreased asymmetry scores and histological alterations with a marked preservation of cortical neurons. Conclusions: The effects of permanent brain ischemia were strongly attenuated by JM-20 administration, which expands and improves the current preclinical data of JM-20 as neuroprotector against cerebral ischemia, and strongly support the examination of its translation to the clinic to treat acute ischemic stroke.
Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Juniperus sabina L. aerial parts
Authors: Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Alanazi Mubarak T. , Bin Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Al-Saikhan Fahad I. , Hamad Abubaker M.
Published: February 2024

Context: Previous studies indicated that Juniperus species exhibited promising hepatoprotective activity. Aims: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of the total alcohol extract of the aerial parts of Juniperus sabina against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity using male Wistar rats as experimental animals. Methods: Daily oral administration of two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the total extract of the aerial parts of J. sabina for seven days followed by one dose of CCl4 (1.25 mL/kg) at day 6. Liver and kidney functions were monitored via measuring serum and tissue parameters as well as histopathological study. Normal rats, rats treated only with CCl4 and rats treated with CCl4 and silymarin were used as controls. Results: The higher dose showed 47, 50, 38, 17 and 42% decrease in the levels of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin respectively. Animals received the total extract of J. sabina showed a significant dose-dependent recovery of the NP-SH contents, total proteins, and reduction the level of MDA in both liver and kidney tissues. Histopathological study revealed improvement in the architecture of hepatocytes and kidney cells. Conclusions: The hepatoprotective effect offered by J. sabina crude extract at the two used doses was found to be significant in all serum parameters. Histopathological study revealed moderate improvement in the architecture of the liver cells that add another indication of protection. Improvement of kidney function was less than liver function.
Oral toxicity of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) tuber in mice
Authors: Dey Yadu Nandan , Wanjari Manish M. , Kumar Dharmendra , Lomash Vinay , Gaidhani Sudesh N. , Jadhav Ankush D.
Published: February 2024

Context: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber is an important constituent of Ayurvedic system of medicine. The tuber of this plant has high medicinal value and is consumed as a food. It is associated with acridity (itchy sensation in mouth and throat) upon oral consumption and presence of high oxalates raphides. Aims: To evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity studies of methanolic (APME) and aqueous (APAE) extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber in Swiss albino mice according to OECD guidelines. Methods: In acute oral toxicity study, the mice were orally administered a single dose of APME or APAE (2000 mg/kg) and clinical signs and mortality were observed for 14 days. In subacute (repeated dose) oral toxicity study, the mice were administered once daily, orally with APME or APAE (1000 mg/kg) up to 28 days. The parameters assessed were behavior, clinical signs, body weight, feed and water consumption, urinary, biochemical, hematological and major organ weights and histology. Results: In acute toxicity study, there was no treatment related mortality and morbidity in any of the group. In subacute toxicity study, there were no significant changes in behavior, body weight, feed and water consumption, urinary, biochemical, hematological and organ weight and histological parameters compared to vehicle treated group. There was no treatment related mortality or morbidity. Conclusions: Administration of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber, individually in acute and 28 days repeated dose in mice, did not exhibit any toxicity or adverse effect at the doses used.
Evaluation of glibenclamide microspheres for sustained release
Authors: Venkateswarlu Kambham
Published: February 2024

Context: Sustained release drug delivery systems are more preferred than the conventional drug delivery systems due to its enhanced bioavailability and patient compliance. Earlier studies reported on glibenclamide (GBCM) were not clear and hence, the step has been taken to explore the sustained release drug delivery system of GBCM. Aims: To evaluate the sustained release microspheres obtained of GBCM. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method using the polymers like Eudragit RS 100 and xanthan gum. Polymers can sustain the drug release from microspheres. The prepared microspheres were subjected to micromeritic studies like Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. Results: Micromeritic studies confirmed that the microspheres possessing acceptable flow properties. It was observed from the in vitro release studies, formulations F8 and F9 showed sustained drug release for desired time of 12 h and when compared to F9, formulation F8 showed maximum drug release for 12 h. Conclusions: Results confirmed the formulation F8 consist of the polymers such as Eudragit RS 100 about 150 mg and xanthan gum about 100 mg showed desired sustained release of 12 h with 96.07% and kinetic studies confirmed that the release from microspheres followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Due to its sustained release property, it could enhance the bioavailability of drug thereby improves the patient compliance and expect better treatment than conventional dosage forms.
Therapeutic evaluation of prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment and management of critically ill patients
Authors: Amador Jorge S. , Carrasco Juan P , Morales Álvaro A. , Cortes Claudia P.
Published: February 2024

Context: Critically ill patients has a large number of pathophysiological changes product of commitment and organ systems. Therefore, knowledge of the pharmacological properties of antimicrobials is essential to choose the best treatment. In order to optimize the response of antibiotic therapy and these drugs, new strategies have been proposed dosage, the most used drug application of the model, called: Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). In the case of β-lactam antibiotics, the PK/PD model is known as time-dependent on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (Time > MIC). For optimal concentrations in β-lactam antibiotics, prolonged or continuous infusions, thus exposing the drug on the pathogen is achieved in a longer optimal concentrations through are used. Aims: To evaluate the therapeutic response of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients with prolonged infusions by applying the model PK/ PD. Methods: Prospective observational study (concurrent cohort), taking as a control non-concurrent historic cohort, conducted for a period of seven months in the intensive care unit of the Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán (HCSBA), Santiago, Chile. Results: It was found a significant difference in number of days of hospitalization in ICU for the group bolus versus infusion group (12.5 ± 5.4 vs. 18 ± 9.7 days, IC: 1.5-9.5; p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study suggests that there would be a therapeutic advantage in the use of prolonged infusion in ICU stay duration.
Validation of a technique by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of total isoflavones
Authors: Soledispa Cañarte Pilar A. , Miranda Martínez Migdalia , García Mir Viviana
Published: February 2024

Context: Isoflavones may act as selective regulators in the prevention of various diseases. The most important source of isoflavones is the soy, from which different phytotherapeutics are elaborated of use in Ecuadorian population. However, its concentration varies depending on several factors, therefore quality assessment need to be carried out through out several analytical methods. Aims: To validate an analytical method by high precision liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify total isoflavones in herbal medicine. Methods: To quantify isoflavones, it was used a brand liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detector at 260 nm, C-18 column using isocratic method. The mobile phase was composed of 2% acetic acid: acetonitrile (75:25). The quantification was performed against reference standard. The parameters for the validation followed the established in the USP 33. Results: The chromatogram presented six peaks with elution between 1.557 and 18.913 min. The linearity of the system and the method got r2 equal to 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. The coefficients of variation 1.5% in the study of repetitiveness and 2% in intermediate precision. The accuracy of the adjusted lineal model exhibited r=0.95 and intercept reliable interval (-0.921; 1.743). Conclusions: The validated method was specific, accurate, precise and linear. It can be used for quality control and stability studies of isoflavones present in herbal medicine.
Determination of heavy metals in medicinal plants from the wild and cultivated garden in Wilberforce Island, Niger Delta region, Nigeria
Authors: Vaikosen Edebi N. , Alade Gideon O.
Published: February 2024

Context: Adverse effects from herbal medicines may be partly due to the association of heavy metals with medicinal plants. Aims: To determine residual levels of Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd in nine selected medicinal plant species and the surrounding soils collected from the Faculty of Pharmacy medicinal garden and College of Health Sciences residential quarters, Amassoma, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Methods: Nine plant species: Jatropha tanjorensis, Ipomoea batatas, Celosia argentea, Zea mays, Colocasia esculenta, Corchorus olitorius, Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum and Talinum triangulare were collected with their surrounding soil samples. The samples were dried and subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine the heavy metal concentrations. Results: The detection frequencies of heavy metals in medicinal plants were: Cd – 100%, Pb - 11%, Ni – 0% and Cr – 0%. The residential quarter was more contaminated than cultivated medicinal garden. Order of residual concentration in bulk soils was Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb. Bioaccumulation factor ranged from 0 – 25.93 for foliar tissues. Cadmium in plant species ranged from 0.23 to 2.44 µg/g with > 88% exceeding the WHO maximum limit for medicinal plant materials. Conclusions: The heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants were dependent on the collection sites, plant species and physico-chemical properties of soil. Cd exhibited the greatest bioavailability in the investigated plants and soils. Cd and Pb found in plant foliage were due to uptake from soil and aerial deposition, respectively.
Nanoparticulated formulations of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) as smart drug delivery system combating depression incited in mice models
Authors: Dhayabaran Violet , Margret Anita
Published: February 2024

Context: Hypericum perforatum L., commonly known as St. John's wort, is practised as an alternative medicine against depression. Conversely, its remedial efficacy is indulged by various adverse effects that are recuperated in formulating nanoscaled commercial capsules encased by the biopolymer chitosan. A potential application of nanoencapsulation with regards to polymer enhances a slow controlled release of the targeted drug to achieve the desired delay until the right stimulus is obtained. Aims: To value synthesizing biopolymeric nanocomposites encapsulating St. John's wort commercial capsules substantiating it with a study of animal model of depression to endorse the effect of nanocapsulated drug as an effective brain drug. Methods: The nanoparticulated suspension was prepared by ionic gelation technique and characterized to attest its antidepressant activity by in vivo studies. Results: The drug binding efficiency was endorsed by FT-IR studies and the nanoparticles were characterized by an average particle size of 211.4 nm with a positive zeta potential of 45.9 mV. The animal despair studies on depression induced mice models displayed a significant difference in the immobility time during force swimming and tail suspension test. The commercial capsules were administed orally (p.o., 50 and 100 mg/kg). The animal despair studies were substantiated with affirmative biochemical assessments like SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and LPO and compared with control groups. Conclusions: The outcomes of this work manifest the calibre of St. John’s wort nanocomposites in a lower dosage that can alleviate depression and reduce side effects.
Extract of Salvadora persica roots attenuates lead acetate-induced testicular oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Soliman Gamal A. , Ganaie Majid A. , Althurwi Hassan N. , Albaqami Faisal F. , Salkini Mohammed A. , Abdel-Kader Maged S.
Published: February 2024

Context: Lead exerts pathological changes on male mammals. Deleterious effects on testicular tissues may be mediated by oxidative damage and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Medicinal plants can protect against such oxidative stress. Aims: To determine the protective activity of Salvadora persica, against lead acetate (LA) testicular oxidative stress in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups: control group received the vehicle, S. persica group received extract (500 mg/kg), LA group was exposed to 0.1% LA in drinking water and three other groups were co-treated with LA plus S. persica (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). Treatments were applied for 60 days. Five days prior to the end of the experiment, male rats in all groups were mated with untreated females. Results: S. persica (500 mg/kg) increased testosterone level and relative weights of testes, cauda epididymis and seminal vesicles in normal rats but did not affect testicular antioxidant parameters and sperm characteristics. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities and the level of reduced glutathione were significantly reduced and malondialdehyde was elevated in the testicular homogenate of LA-exposed rats. LA exposure significantly reduced serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, as well as, sperm characteristics and relative weight of the testes, cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. Administration of S. persica extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced oxidative stress and protected against LA-exposure effects. Conclusions: S. persica extract exhibited marked protective activity against LA-induced testicular oxidative stress in rats.
Potential antifungal activity of Cladonia aff. rappii A. Evans
Authors: Plaza Claudia M. , Pérez de Salazar Celina , Vizcaya Marietta , Rodríguez-Castillo C. Gabriela , Medina-Ramírez Gerardo E. , Plaza Ramón E.
Published: February 2024

Context: Lichen is a self-supporting symbiotic organism composed of a fungus and an algal partner. They have manifold biological activities like antiviral, antibiotic, antioxidant, antitumor, allergenic and inhibition of plant growth. Species of Cladonia, have been studied by its antifungal activity. Aims: To evaluate the antifungal activity determination of Cladonia aff. rappii against five yeasts, four of genus Candida and one Cryptococcus, using water, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts. Methods: The evaluation of the antifungal activity was developed by three diffusion methods such as spot-on-a-lawn, disc diffusion and well diffusion. Additionally, the values of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. Results: Based on the experimental results obtained, the best antifungal activity was using ethanol extract at 20 mg/mL against Candida albicans, applying the three diffusion methods above mentioned. With ethanol extract, the lower MIC was against Candida glabrata and the lower MFC were with Candida glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The dichloromethane extract presented the lowest MIC and MFC against C. neoformans. Not activity was observed with aqueous extract. Conclusions: The present study revealed antifungal and fungicidal activity in the extract of lichen Cladonia aff. rappii.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. stem bark hydroalcoholic extract on Wistar rats
Authors: Toudji Gérard A. , Dosseh Kossivi , Karou Simplice D. , Adjrah Yao , Anani Kokou , Ameyapoh Yaovi , Simpore Jacques
Published: February 2024

Context: Pithecellobium dulce (PD) is an annual herbaceous plant commonly used in African traditional medicine as a purgative, antipyretic, anti-ulcer and wound dressing agent. Aims: To evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of P. dulce stem bark hydroethanolic extract in Wistar rats. Methods: In the acute test, a single dose of 5 g/kg body weight was administered to Wistar rats afterwards they were observed individually 4 hours post-dosing, and at least once daily for 14 consecutive days. The sub-acute toxicity was evaluated by daily oral administration of 0.5 and 1 g/kg extract, for 28 days. Biochemical and hematological parameters assessment as well as body and organ weights of the rats were carried out. Results: The limit dose of 5 g/kg did not cause any mortality or signs of acute toxicity on the rats during the experimentation period. In the sub-acute test, uterus-ovary-trompe (UOT) weight decreased dose-dependently: Control group (0.82 ± 0.03 g); Extract 0.5 g/kg (0.57 ± 0.06 g); Extract 1g/kg (0.48 ± 0.01 g) (p ˂ 0.01). Extract lowered urea values in female group treated with 1 g/kg (p < 0.01). Lymphocytes percentage was dose dependently increased in treated male groups: Control group (53.00 ± 0.58%); extract 0.5 g/kg (58.67 ± 0.67%) and extract 1 g/kg (60.67 ± 2.41%). Conclusions: These findings suggest that PD is relatively safe when administered orally in rats but is slightly atrophic for female reproductive organs.
Sustentabilidad de agroecosistemas de pastoreo de pequeños rumiantes en Santiago Tilantongo, Oaxaca
Authors: Cortes Pacheco Miguel , Castañeda Hidalgo Ernesto , García Mayoral Luis Eduardo , Lozano Trejo Salvador
Published: February 2024

Los agroecosistemas de pastoreo son ecosistemas modificados por el humano para obtener alimentos e ingresos; el manejo convencional de los recursos naturales ha generado complicaciones socioambientales. La investigación se realizó en 2021 en el municipio de Santiago Tilantongo, Oaxaca (San Isidro, Providencia y El Progreso). Se evaluó el nivel de sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas de pastoreo de pequeños rumiantes, utilizando el Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad (MESMIS). La información se generó mediante una entrevista semiestructurada y recorridos de campo en una muestra de 28 unidades de producción familiar. Se identificaron cuatro agroecosistemas de pequeños rumiantes a nivel transversal, evaluados a partir de 41 indicadores y puntos críticos en cada atributo de la sustentabilidad. AE1: manejo tradicional; AE2: manejo semiextensivo; AE3: en transición a convencional; y, AE4: manejo convencional semi intensivo. El AE3 fue valorado en un nivel medio de sustentabilidad (64%), sobresaliendo con una valoración de 98% en equidad, 73% en adaptabilidad, 69% en resiliencia, 60% en confiabilidad, 59% en autogestión, 57% en productividad y 51% en estabilidad. El atributo de mayor valor fue la equidad, el menor fue la estabilidad debido al deterioro del suelo y la biodiversidad; indicando que la dimensión ambiental es la más crítica y tiene valores más bajos. El AE2 presenta el sistema de manejo más representativo en el territorio (57%), con un nivel de sustentabilidad bajo, lo que pone en riesgo el bienestar de las UPF y la conservación de los recursos agua, suelo y biodiversidad, base de la sustentabilidad.
Evolución de la teoría del delito en la dogmática jurídico-penal alemana
Authors: Castañeda Delgado Oscar Daniel
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar los antecedentes, evolución y desarrollo de la teoría general del delito procedente de la dogmática penal alemana, que ha influenciado a la mayoría los países latinoamericanos para la estructuración de la parte general del derecho penal, en sus respectivas legislaciones. Este estudio aportará al jurista moderno un conocimiento técnico-jurídico al estudiar las distintas categorías del delito: conducta, tipicidad, antijuridicidad y culpabilidad; pues al conocer el desarrollo de la dogmática penal tendrá una mayor comprensión de la teoría del delito y contará con las herramientas necesarias para el análisis, interpretación y aplicación de la ley penal al caso concreto, y determinar de ésta manera cuándo se está ante la comisión de un delito.
INTERAKSI PRODUK DAN PELAKU AGRIBISNIS HORTIKULTURA UNGGULAN JERUK SIAM BANJAR (Citrus reticulata) PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Husinsyah
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the level of production and horticultural income in South Kalimantan Province.. The condition of farmers' access to the largest is the affordable price of seeds, which is 65%, while the lowest is the ability of citrus farmers to adopt technology which is only 25%. the factors that influence the level of superior horticultural production are the number of seeds, the amount of fertilizer, the number of workers and the level of technology with the largest value being the number of workers at 4.336 and the lowest at the technology level being 2.259. the factors that influence the level of superior horticultural production are the number of seeds, the amount of fertilizer, the number of workers and the level of technology with the largest value being the number of workers at 4.336 and the lowest at the technology level being 2.259. The factors that influence the level of superior horticultural income in South Kalimantan Province, there are two factors that have a very significant influence, namely the transaction volume of 3,117 and the selling price of 3,648
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI DESA BARUH BAHINU DALAM KECAMATAN PARINGIN SELATAN KABUPATEN BALANGAN
Authors: Yan Yozef Agus Suratman
Published: February 2024

This research aims are: (1). Knowing the technical description of rainfeeded paddy farming carried out by farmers; (2) knowing the costs, revenues, profit, and labor productivity  of paddy farming  Baruh Bahinu Dalam Village, South Paringin district, Balangan Regency. This research uses survey method with observation technique. The sampling method uses a simple random sampling. The population of farmers who rain feeded paddy is 150 people, then 20% of the total farmers in this village, 30 farmers are used as respondent farmers. The result of the research is that the average land area used by farmers is 0.57 hectares (19.97 wholesale) and the status of land ownership is property rights. The production of paddy farming in Baruh Bahinu Dalam Village was 2,350.33  kg/farmer or 4,123.39 kg/hectare. The average cost is IDR 3,151,705.38 /farmer, the average revenue is IDR 18,802,640.00 /farmer and the average profit is IDR 15,650,934.61/farmer. Labor productivity index is IDR 508,316,84/ HOK, compared to the wage of labor  per HOK, it means that the paddy farming  workforce is productive
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI PADI (Oryza sativa L ) SAWAH PASANG SURUT DI DESA TAMBAK KARYA KECAMATAN KURAU KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Wasdiyanta  , Zuraida
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the cultivation method and the total cost, revenue and profits of tidal rice farming. The sampling method used a simple random method on a population of 150 Ciherang rice farmers taken 20% to 30 respondents. The cultivation method is carried out in a traditional way. Total cost Rp. 10,107,154.99, total revenue Rp. 787,850,000.00 or an average of Rp. 26,261,666,67/farmer and the total profit is Rp. 484,635,350.30 or an average of Rp. 16,154,511.68/farmer/ planting season
PEMBERIAN PAKAN BUATAN DENGAN PERSENTASE YANG BERBEDA PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS LINN) MENGGUNAKAN HAPPA DI KOLAM KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Ramadhana Sri
Published: February 2024

Tilapia is a superior variety fish and is the result of crossing several tilapia varieties in several countries in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the artificial feeding with different proportions on the growth of tilapia reared using happa in the pond. This research was conducted in Martapura sub-district, Banjar district for 2 months using happa. The test fish in this study had an average weight of 25-33 grams with a standard length of 8-10 cm. The maintenance area uses a pool equipped with 9 pieces of happa measuring 1m x1m x1m. The design method used RAL (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatment A (percentage of feed 7%), treatment B (percentage of feed 5%) and treatment C (percentage of feed 3%). Parameters observed included relative weight growth, relative standard length growth, condition factors, feed conversion, survival rate, mortality and water quality as supporting data. The results of the Liliefors normality test and the homogeneity of the Barlett variance showed that all data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of the analysis of Diversity (Anova) the growth of the average relative weight of individuals (A=409.69%, B=309.33%, C=259.99%), the relative growth of the average standard length of individuals (A= 73.32 ) %, B=50,98%, C=47,37%). Condition factor (A=4.73, B=4.94 and C 4.99), from the condition factor value, it can be said that the fish is fat (value >4). Conversion of food (A=2.30, B=1.90, C=1.18), water quality during rearing were generally still within the tolerance limits or general range so that they could support the life and growth of the test fish until the end of the rearing
KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP LARVA IKAN NILA GIFT (Oreochromis sp) YANG DIPELIHARA PADA SUHU DAN PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA
Authors: Rini Marlida  , Mukhlisah  , Ahmad Effendi
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and different stocking densities and their interaction on the survival rate of reared tilapia larvae. The method used in this study is an experimental method using  2 x 3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The treatment applied in this study was a combination of different temperatures and stocking densities, where: A: The main treatment was temperature, including A1: 28oC, A2: 300C. B : The main treatments were stocking density, including: B1: stocking density of 15 fish/L, B2: stocking density of 20 fish/L, B3: stocking density of 25 fish/L. The results of survival studies on tilapia larvae in each treatment combination showed that treatment A1B1 had a survival of 97.33%, and treatment A1B2 97.00%, treatment A1B3 96.80%, followed by treatment A2B1 93.33%, treatment A2B2 92.00% and treatment A2B3 91.20%. However, from the ANOVA results, the treatment of the main factor A (temperature) and the main factor B (stocking density) as well as the interaction of the two factors A (temperature) and B (stocking density) did not have a significant effect
Des écrivaines franco-hongroises à découvrir
Authors: Kovács Ilona
Published: February 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Francofonia, no 83 : « Francophonies hongroises au féminin : traversées littéraires et sociales (xixe-xxie siècles) », sous la dir. de Guillaume Métayer, Florence (Italie) : Leo S. Olschki, 2022, 132 p., EAN 9788822268808.
Contre une littérature claire comme de l’eau de roche : mode d’emploi pour des écritures politiques contemporaines
Authors: Chatelet Cécile
Published: February 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : P. Alferi, L. Kaplan, N. Quintane, T. Viel, A. Volodine et L. Yousfi, Contre la littérature politique, Paris: La Fabrique, 2023. EAN 9782358722728.
Au soulèvement des écritures
Authors: Marchand Aline
Published: February 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Justine Huppe & Julien Jeusette [dir.], L’Esprit créateur, vol. 63, n° 1 : « Poétiques de l’émeute », Johns Hopkins University Press, printemps 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/esp.2023.0000