bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Constant Power Loads in DC Microgrid Systems Using an Adaptive Continuous Control Set Model Predictive Control
Authors: Zhou Jiyao , Hassan Mustafa Alrayah , Zhang Jiaxuan , Hou Mingxuan , Wu Shang , Xing Gaoqi , Chi Song
Published: June 2021

This paper represents an adaptive continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) to solve the disturbance-caused instability problems in a DC microgrid consisting of symmetrical parallel buck converters, constant voltage loads (CVL), and constant power loads (CPL). The symmetric model of the system is founded at first to describe and analyze the disturbance-caused instability problem. To mitigate the instability by taking the disturbances into consideration, the proposed adaptive controller is made from a double loop feedback controller and a feedforward estimation algorithm. In the voltage loop of the double loop controller, a capacitor dynamic-based voltage controller is developed, while in the current loop, a CCS-MPC algorithm is modified and applied. Meanwhile, a feedforward algorithm is developed to estimate the disturbance information and send it to the double loop controller to improve its robustness, so the composite controller can maintain the bus voltage fixed at its reference and the symmetrical equal current sharing. Finally, comparative MATLAB simulations and OPAL-RT hardware-in-the-loop experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and dynamic performance of the proposed algorithm towards other previous nonlinear controllers.
Adsorption Mechanism of Patulin from Apple Juice by Inactivated Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kefir Grains
Authors: Bahati Pascaline , Zeng Xuejun , Uzizerimana Ferdinand , Tsoggerel Ariunsaikhan , Awais Muhammad , Qi Guo , Cai Rui , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong
Published: June 2021

In the food industry, microbiological safety is a major concern. Mycotoxin patulin represents a potential health hazard, as it is heat-resistant and may develop at any stage during the food chain, especially in apple-based products, leading to severe effects on human health, poor quality products, and profit reductions. The target of the study was to identify and characterize an excellent adsorbent to remove patulin from apple juice efficiently and to assess its adsorption mechanism. To prevent juice fermentation and/or contamination, autoclaving was involved to inactivate bacteria before the adsorption process. The HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) outcome proved that all isolated strains from kefir grains could reduce patulin from apple juice. A high removal of 93% was found for juice having a 4.6 pH, 15° Brix, and patulin concentration of 100 μg/L by Lactobacillus kefiranofacien, named JKSP109, which was morphologically the smoothest and biggest of all isolates in terms of cell wall volume and surface area characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). C=O, OH, C–H, and N–O were the main functional groups engaged in patulin adsorption indicated by FTIR (Fourier transform–infrared). E-nose (electronic nose) was performed to evaluate the aroma quality of the juices. PCA (Principal component analysis) results showed that no significant changes occurred between control and treated juice.
Scalar Radiation in Interaction of Cosmic String with Point Charge
Authors: Spirin Pavel
Published: June 2021

We consider the scalar bremsstrahlung of the spinless relativistic particle, which interacts with infinitely thin cosmic string by linearized gravity. With the iterational scheme, based on the Perturbaion Theory with respect to the Newtonian constant, we compute the radiation amplitude and the emitted energy due to collision. The general phenomenon of mutual cancellation of the leading terms on the local and non-local amplitude, known in the ultrarelativistic regime for several types of collision, also takes place here. Remarkably, this cancellation (destructive interference) is complete, and takes place for any particle’s velocity. We compute the spectral and angular distributions of the emitted waves. Particular attention is paid to the ultrarelativistic case. Due to the radiation emission, a string may lose its energy and decrease the tension; it may affect all field effects, including the vacuum polarization and the Casimir effect, in terms of physical problems with the real cosmic strings.
The Serological Cross-Detection of Bat-Borne Hantaviruses: A Valid Strategy or Taking Chances?
Authors: de Oliveira Renata Carvalho , Fernandes Jorlan , de Sampaio Lemos Elba Regina , de Paiva Conte Fernando , Rodrigues-da-Silva Rodrigo Nunes
Published: June 2021

Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, and their great diversity and unique characteristics that distinguish them from all other mammals have been related to the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. Recently, very divergent hantaviruses have been discovered in distinct species of bats worldwide, but their association with human disease remains unclear. Considering the low success rates of detecting hantavirus RNA in bat tissues and that to date no hantaviruses have been isolated from bat samples, immunodiagnostic tools could be very helpful to understand pathogenesis, epidemiology, and geographic range of bat-borne hantaviruses. In this sense, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell epitopes present on bat-borne hantaviruses nucleoprotein (NP) and verify if they are conserved among them and other selected members of Mammantavirinae, using a combination of (the three most used) different prediction algorithms, ELLIPRO, Discotope 2.0, and PEPITO server. To support our data, we in silico modeled 3D structures of NPs from representative members of bat-borne hantaviruses, using comparative and ab initio methods due to the absence of crystallographic structures of studied proteins or similar models in the Protein Data Bank. Our analysis demonstrated the antigenic complexity of the bat-borne hantaviruses group, showing a low sequence conservation of epitopes among members of its own group and a minor conservation degree in comparison to Orthohantavirus, with a recognized importance to public health. Our data suggest that the use of recombinant rodent-borne hantavirus NPs to cross-detect antibodies against bat- or shrew-borne viruses could underestimate the real impact of this virus in nature.
Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Polio Non-Vaccination in Africa: Further Analyses to Enhance Policy and Opportunity to Save More Lives
Authors: Uthman Olalekan A. , Ndwandwe Duduzile , Uthman Muhammed M. B. , Yaya Sanni , Wiysonge Charles S.
Published: June 2021

Background: Africa was certified polio-free in 2020 and to maintain the polio-free status, African countries need to attain and maintain optimal routine polio vaccination coverage. One indicator for optimal polio vaccination coverage is the prevalence of children who have received no polio vaccination through routine services. The objective of the study was to examine the individual-, neighbourhood-, and country-level factors associated with non-vaccination against polio in Africa. Methods: We applied multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses on recent demographic and health survey data collected from 2010 onwards in Africa. We identified 64,867 children aged 12–23 months (Level 1) nested within 16,283 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 32 countries (Level 3). Results: The prevalence of non-vaccination for polio ranged from 2.19% in Egypt to 32.74% in Guinea. We found the following factors to be independent predictors of the increased odds of non-vaccination for polio: being a male child, born to mother with no formal education, living in poorer households; being from a polygamous family, living in neighbourhoods with high maternal illiteracy, high unemployment rate, and low access to media. Conclusions: We found that both individual and contextual factors are associated with non-vaccination for Polio.
Discharge Calculation of Side Weirs with Several Weir Fields Considering the Undisturbed Normal Flow Depth in the Channel
Authors: Lindermuth Adrian , Ostrander Théo St. Pierre , Achleitner Stefan , Gems Bernhard , Aufleger Markus
Published: June 2021

Discharge behavior at side weirs is significantly influenced by the water surface profile along the weir crest. In the past century, different approaches were developed to describe this profile and the associated discharge coefficients. However, the application of these methods to practical problems poses a particular challenge, as a complex three-dimensional funnel is formed due to the discharge reduction, leading to significant uncertainties in determining the relevant flow depth. For this reason, a new approach for the determination of the discharge coefficient of side weirs was developed that refers to the undisturbed normal flow depth in the main channel. Based on a comprehensive parametric study utilizing 3D-numerical simulations, the influence of the weir and channel characteristics on the discharge behavior at the side weir was analyzed. A revised formula for estimating the discharge coefficient for side weirs with multiple weir fields was derived using multiple regression analyses. Validation of the numerical simulations was carried out by applying a physical scale model, showing good agreement between the results.
Characterization of Export Regimes in Concentration–Discharge Plots via an Advanced Time-Series Model and Event-Based Sampling Strategies
Authors: Gonzalez-Nicolas Ana , Schwientek Marc , Sinsbeck Michael , Nowak Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Currently, the export regime of a catchment is often characterized by the relationship between compound concentration and discharge in the catchment outlet or, more specifically, by the regression slope in log-concentrations versus log-discharge plots. However, the scattered points in these plots usually do not follow a plain linear regression representation because of different processes (e.g., hysteresis effects). This work proposes a simple stochastic time-series model for simulating compound concentrations in a river based on river discharge. Our model has an explicit transition parameter that can morph the model between chemostatic behavior and chemodynamic behavior. As opposed to the typically used linear regression approach, our model has an additional parameter to account for hysteresis by including correlation over time. We demonstrate the advantages of our model using a high-frequency data series of nitrate concentrations collected with in situ analyzers in a catchment in Germany. Furthermore, we identify event-based optimal scheduling rules for sampling strategies. Overall, our results show that (i) our model is much more robust for estimating the export regime than the usually used regression approach, and (ii) sampling strategies based on extreme events (including both high and low discharge rates) are key to reducing the prediction uncertainty of the catchment behavior. Thus, the results of this study can help characterize the export regime of a catchment and manage water pollution in rivers at lower monitoring costs. We propose a simple stochastic time-series model to represent the export regime of a catchment beyond simple regression. We propose how to get the required data with the least effort when the use of high-frequency in situ analyzers is not feasible or restricted. Sampling strategies based on extreme events are essential for reducing the prediction uncertainty of the catchment behavior.
Clinical Diagnostication Requirements for Diabetes
Authors: Klimov Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. Today, there are 150 million people with diabetes in the world; by 2025 this number is expected to reach 300 million. Diabetes mellitus is one of the significant causes of early disability and death due to late vascular complications owing to macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy. Timely diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, prevention of the development of its early and late complications can significantly reduce the mortality rate for this pathology, improve the quality of life of patients and prevent formidable complications.
Pump Insulin Therapy and Continuous Glycemic Monitoring
Authors: Petrukhin Aleksey
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, which is based on insufficient insulin production, which ultimately leads to the development of hyperglycemia. As a result of the continuous increase in blood sugar levels, many organs and systems suffer, and diabetes is one of the common causes of disability. After the discovery of the true nature of the disease, the main method of treatment is the administration of insulin. The dose and frequency of administration of this drug are selected individually and can be adjusted during treatment. The insulins used at the present stage are represented by ultra-short, short-acting, mediumduration and slow-acting drugs. Ultrashort and short-acting insulins begin to work literally in a few minutes after administration, but the effect persists for a short time. This type of insulin is indicated for subcutaneous administration before meals or immediately after it. Medium and slow-acting insulins are meant to maintain insulin at a certain level for a long time, they are administered at the same time, usually twice a day. Short and ultrashort insulins should be injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, while taking into account that the greater the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer, the slower the absorption. Slow-acting insulins are recommended to be administered to the outer surface of the thigh or buttocks. Insulin is administered using insulin syringes or pen injectors. At present, the use of insulin pumps, which provide continuous supply of insulin using a special device, has become an alternative to the syringe administration of short-acting and ultra-short insulins. Often, such devices are equipped with glucose level sensors, which allows continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Causes and Types of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Clinical Manifestations and Basic Principles of Treatment
Authors: Armakov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Sensorineural hearing loss is a disorder associated with the damage to the inner ear structures: the cochlea (cortical organ), dysfunctioning of the vestibule-cochlear nerve or the central part of the auditory analyser (brain stem and cortical representation of the cortical temporal lobe). In recent years, there has been a steady increase in ensorineural hearing loss patients; they account for ca. 70% among the total patients with impaired hearing. The disease has numerous causes and a complex pathogenesis.
Among the main factors contributing to hearing loss are genetic predisposition, perinatal pathology, including hypoxia at childbirth, exposure to infectious and toxic agents and metabolic disorders, injuries (mechanical, acoustic and altitude trauma). Vascular-rheological disorders in the vertebro-basilar system play an important part because blood is supplied to the inner ear from the anterior inferior cerebellar
artery. There are sudden, acute and chronic sensorineural hearing loss. The ensorineural hearing loss isdiagnosed by examinations that allow to verify the diagnosis and to determine the sound analyser damage level. This complex includes audiometric examinations, including the tuning fork examination, speech audiometry, and acoustic impedancemetry. If necessary, ultrasound Doppler imaging of the main blood
vessels of the brain, computed tomography of the temporal bones, and MRI of the brain are prescribed. The pattern of comprehensive treatment should include, first of all, the elimination of the disease cause and anti-hypoxic drugs, anti-oxidants and a number of physiotherapy procedures.
Experiences of out-of-hours task-shifting from GPs: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Lyness Emily , Parker Jennifer , Willcox Merlin L , Dambha-Miller Hajira
Published: June 2021

Background

The current GP workforce is insufficient to manage rising demand in patient care within out-of-hours (OOH) primary care services. To meet this challenge, non-medical practitioners (NMPs) are employed to fulfil tasks traditionally carried out by GPs. It is important to learn from experiences of task-shifting in this setting to inform optimal delivery of care.

Aim

To synthesise qualitative evidence of experiences of task-shifting in the OOH primary care setting.

Design & setting

Systematic review of qualitative studies and thematic synthesis.

Method

Electronic searches were conducted across CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsychINFO, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, and OpenGrey for qualitative studies of urgent or OOH primary care services, utilising task-shifting or role delegation. Included articles were quality appraised and key findings collated through thematic synthesis.

Results

A total of 2497 studies were screened, of which six met the inclusion criteria. These included interviews with 15 advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs), three physician assistants (PAs), two paramedics, and a focus group of 22 GPs, and focus groups with 33 nurses. Key findings highlight the importance of clearly defining and communicating the scope of practice of NMPs, and of building their confidence by appropriate training, support, and mentoring.

Conclusion

While NMPs may have the potential to make a substantial contribution to OOH primary care services, there has been very little research on experiences of task-shifting. Evidence to date highlights the need for further training specific to OOH services. Mentorship and support to manage the sometimes challenging cases presenting to OOH could enable more effective OOH services and better patient care.
Keterandalan Laporan Keuangan : Dampak dari Kualitas SDM dan Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Anggadini Sri Dewi , Subekti Vira Mutiara , Damayanti Sari , Fahrana Egi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to find out how much influence the quality of human resources and information technology on the reliability of financial statements. To produce reliable financial statements, a good quality of human resources and adequate information technology are required, to support the financial statements to be said to be reliable and valid. Lack of quality of human resources and information technology will affect reliability of its financial statements do not materialize. Method used in this study is descriptive and verificative method that is sourced in primary data with questionnaire collection techniques that are distributed to employees of the Financial and Asset Management Agency of West Bandung Regency. Due to small population, researchers determined sampling using Census Sampling, which is to make entire population into a sample with a total of 16 samples (respondents). Data processing conducted in form of statistical tests based on multiple regressions, as well as hypothesis tests using SPSS 23 application. Based on results of research conducted can be known quality of human resources is good but still have to be considered because there is still dishonesty in presentation of financial statements. Similarly, information technology applied is sufficient but still has to be considered about the software to always be updated and adapted to the needs. Conclusion of this study, Quality of Human Resources has a significant effect on Reliability of Financial Statements and Information Technology has a significant effect on Reliability of Financial Statements.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Kas Menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter (Studi Kasus SPBE PT. XYZ Salatiga)
Authors: Agustina Oktavia Shela , Haryani Endang , Suharyadi Suharyadi
Published: June 2021

Bagi semua perusahaan, kas merupakan salah satu aset yang aktif. Karena sifatnya yang likuid tersebut, maka semua transaksi bisnis organisasi akan berujung pada kas. Oleh karena itu, manajemen perlu mengelolanya melalui pencatatan yang baik untuk menghasilkan informasi kas yang handal dan berguna untuk pengambilan keputusan. Selain itu untuk mengamankan kas sebagai aset perusahaan dan sebagai bentuk pengawasan arus kas atas jalannya operasi perusahaan. Namun saat ini pencatatan kas secara manual di SPBE PT. XYZ Salatiga menyebabkan beberapa masalah, antara lain penyimpanan bukti yang hanya ditumpuk asal-asalan pada laci meja dan kemungkinan manipulasi kas karena kurangnya pengawasan pimpinan pada Bagian Administrasi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengembangkan sistem informasi akuntansi kas menggunakan framework CodeIgniter untuk SPBE PT. XYZ Salatiga. Metode pengembangan sistem yang diterapkan adalah waterfall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sistem informasi akuntansi kas pada SPBE PT. XYZ Salatiga telah dianalisis dan dikembangkan berdasarkan proses bisnis atau siklus transaksi kas perusahaan, serta mengatasi permasalahan pencatatan kas yang berjalan. Sistem informasi ini mampu mengelola dan mengolah transaksi penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas; mengelola bukti transaksi penerimaan dan pengeluaran; serta menampilkan informasi kas periode tertentu untuk pengambilan keputusan. Beberapa permasalahan perusahaan terkait dengan penyimpanan, memisahkan dokumen dan kemungkinan kehilangan dokumen, serta kurangnya pengawasan pimpinan yang memungkinkan ada tindakan memanipulasi kas dapat diatasi dengan menerapkan sistem informasi ini. Kebutuhan perusahaan akan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Kas dapat dipenuhi dan tujuan pengendalian internal untuk mengamankan aset berupa kas dapat tercapai.
Le caveau Saint-Lubin de la cathédrale de Chartres, d’après un dessin de 1678 de la collection Cronstedt
Authors: Degand Hervé
Published: June 2021

Saint-Lubin’s burial vault in Chartres Cathedral, according to a drawing of 1678 in the Cronsted Collection.

Among the hundreds of drawings bought in Paris between 1731 and 1737 by the Swedish architect C.J. Cronsted, now at the National Museum in Stockholm, a dozen feature the medieval French architecture and three of which, signed F.J., feature monuments in Chartres. The “Plan et coupe du caveau Saint-Lubin de la cathédrale’’ dated July 1678 was ignored in recent publications ; though it gives original information on the vaults of the crypt and confirms the contemporary measurements by André Félibien and Claude Estienne, to which it could be related.
Urbanisme national-socialiste en France, les projets pour le « Nouveau Strasbourg », 1940-1944
Authors: Leclerc Bénédicte
Published: June 2021

National-socialist urbanisation in France, schemes for the “Nouveau Strasbourg ” (1940-1944).

After their victory in June 1940, the nazis started a new political reorganisation which included the annexation of the Alsace region to the Bade Land and a new status for Strasbourg as the capital of the New Upper Rhine province. A competition was organised by Albert Speer in January 1941 for the plan of the “Nouveau Strasbourg”, Hitler himself had made a sketch. The drawings and representations of five of the eight projects then proposed have been kept ; they are unequalled as a testimony of the nazi techniques and architectural designs on the French territory.
Le marbre MA 441 du Louvre et les copies du type de l’Apollon Sauroctone
Authors: Martinez Jean-Luc
Published: June 2021

The marble MA 441 in the Louvre and the Apollo Sauroctone-type copies.

The copy of the Apollo Sauroctone in the Musée du Louvre, from the Borghese Collection, has been the subject of a detailed technical study in the perspective of a cleaning and a possible restoration. The comparison with the other known copies allows one to judge the exceptional qualities of the ancient and modern restorations of the Louvre copy. It should be used as the reference in the study of the Apollo Sauroctone carved type, in preference to the replicas in the Vatican and in the Villa Albani. The attempts to define the original type of the Apollo Sauroctone from the comparison of the copies are doomed to failure as long as the exact nature of the restorations is not taken into account.
Les arcades du cloître de l’abbaye Saint-Aubin d’Angers (1128-1151)
Authors: Wu Fang-Cheng
Published: June 2021

The arcades of the Saint-Aubin Abbey Cloister in Angers.

The arcades, the refectory door and the Saint-Aubin Tower are the only romanesque vestiges of the Saint-Aubin Abbey in Angers. The study of the arcades and the door permits a distinction between two successive phases in the building site. The whole of the high arcades can be dated of 1130-1140 ; the evolution of their waterleaf ornementation preludes to the disappearance of the motif. The carving of the gemelled arcades testifies on the contrary to the broadening of the decorative repertory in Anjou around 1140. The sources could be found in the contemporary manuscripts produced in England and in the Northern part of France, but the problem of the relationships with the first gothic monuments of Ile-de-France and with Saint-Étienne de Toulouse must also be considered.
Un décor italien en France au début de la Renaissance : les pilastres du Sépulcre de Solesmes
Authors: Soldini Simone
Published: June 2021

The pilasters of the Solesmes Abbey. An Italian ornementation in Trance at the beginning of the Renaissance.

What is the origin of the carved ornementation of the pilasters of the Sepulchre at Solesmes (1494-1496) ? The present inquiry takes place in the context of a study of the italian sources of the new carved ornementation in french buildings at the beginning of the Renaissance (1495-1510), with the introduction of forms “all’antica”, and the decline of gothic art. Until now the stylistic analysis of the Sepulchre has focused on the figures and neglected the ornaments. The previous tentatives of attribution remain hypothetical. The vegetal ornaments, the candelabra and other details recall in fact these same motifs used on the pilasters of lombardian monuments slightly anterior or contemporary. The idea of the influence of Mantegna’s prints is an hypothesis confirming their lombardian origin but it is unsufficient by itself.
Le motif du dauphin sur les chapiteaux renaissants à Florence
Authors: Duffault Catherine
Published: June 2021

The dolphin motif in the Renaissance capitals in Florence.

In the sampling of 230 florentine capitals listed by the author, 45 % exhibit the motif of the dolphin. The animal being since Antiquity assimilated to a fish, the florentine carvings, wich derive from corinthian models, reproduce several mythological features of the fish but move away from the model by some irrealistic aspects and by a vegetal hybrid. The analysis of the location of the motif on the capital brings to light a new type in comparison with the ancient models ; the success of the “convergent dolphins” as an angle motive constitute the most salient phenomenon, perhaps due to the influence of the heraldic ornementation of the Palazzo Ducale in Urbino.
Le Temple de l’Homme de Paul Landowski : un projet d’art total
Authors: Lefrançois Michèle
Published: June 2021

Paul Landowski's Temple de l’Homme. A “total art ” project.

Conceived as early as 1900, but remaining a project taken up several times until 1950, Paul Landowski’s Temple à la Pensée et à T effort humain (“Temple to Human Thought and Effort”) is an example of “total art”, the idea of which can be compared to other similar works of the beginnings of the 20th C. Numerous drawings, plasters, models and several carved out groups are still extent. The conception of the sculptures combine friezes in low-reliefs on doors and walls, and round figures. The whole should have represented the heroic figures of the universal history, religions, mythologies, and philosophies. Achieving these gigantic reliefs would have required the support of a patron Paul Landowski, in spite of an official career, never found.
Le Peintre du Dinos
Authors: Halm-Tisserant Monique
Published: June 2021

The Dinos Painter.

The Dinos Painter, called after a dinos in Berlin, is a red-figure vase attic painter, active between 430 and 400 B.C. A disciple of the Cleophon Painter in Polygnotos’s parthenonian workshop, he produced first elements of decoration, before being entrusted, around 425 B.C., with compositions with figures. This phase of his activity, which ends with the Boston bell-shaped krater, is followed by a period of independant production, during which he produced among others the paintings of the Canellopoulos kraters and from the former Borowski Collection. The article offers an extensive analysis of the iconography and the style of an artist who, by the freedom of drawing, by the rendering of the volume and the light, brought vase painting to its own limits.
Un missel dominicain : le manuscrit 103 de la bibliothèque municipale de Toulouse
Authors: Coffinières Bénédicte
Published: June 2021

A dominican Missal : the ms. 103 of the Bibliothèque municipale in Toulouse.

The Bibliothèque municipale in Toulouse preserves a collection of manuscripts from the dominican monastery. One of these (the ms. 103), a missal, is decorated with 196 ornated letters, one historiated letter (the Crucifixion) and two full-page miniatures (Crucifixion , Christ in Majesty). The stylistic analysis allows the distinction of two hands. The ornated letters would have been produced at the end of the 13th C., the two full-page miniatures by an other artist between the 13th and the 14th C. In these conditions the decoration of the missal would be contemporary of the building of the Jacobins church of Toulouse, with the ornementation of which the miniatures show analogies.
Benjamin-Constant et la peinture orientaliste
Authors: Cardis-Toulouse Régine
Published: June 2021

Benjamin-Constant and the orientalist painting.

Benjamin-Constant (1845-1902) belongs to the last generation of artists faithful to the traditional notion of genres. As a history painter, he abandoned Antiquity for Orient — a choice probably determined by a journey to Spain and Tanger in 1872. If he sometimes seems to emulate the memory of Delacroix, the dramatic character of his compositions and the decoration prevail over the historical significance of the events represented. The same can be said about the genre scenes, especially the harem interiors, in which Henri Régnault’ s influence is noticeable. In conclusion, Benjamin-Constant’s orientalist work offers a neoromantic alternative to the contemporary orientalism of a Gérôme.
Ueda Sôkyû (1899-1968) : un calligraphe et la peinture
Authors: Delaleu Francette
Published: June 2021

Ueda Sôkyû (1899-1968) : a calligrapher and the art of painting.

Traditionally, calligraphy is considered in Japan as a discipline of its own. A potter and a painter, qualifying himself as a bunjin (erudite), Ueda Sôkyû has been considered as a dilletante. In fact, the attraction of painting directs his reflection on calligraphy as well as his creation in this field. By priviledging form to the detriment of meaning, and by removing it from the conventional representation, he contributed to give calligraphy its autonomy as an art, cognate to painting.
La tête Sabouroff est-elle celle d’un homme aux cheveux rasés ?
Authors: Delattre Liliane
Published: June 2021

Does the Sabouroff Head represent a Man with Shaved Hair ?

The apparently exceptional representation of a man’s hairstyle and beard such as the one of the Sabouroff Head (of uncertain origin) from the Pergamon Museum in East Berlin can be found on other pieces. The author of the paper describes the technique (dotting with the sharp end) and dates the head approximately to 550-540 B.C. The discussion concerns the absence of the hair and beard. Could the dotted area, as some authors believe, just be a preparation for a stucco coating ? This hypothesis is rejected since the concern for final smoothing is remarkable. It is therefore necessary to examine the possibility of a short hairstyle. Various texts show that a shaved beard and shortened hair are related either to mourning or to the idea of a loss in general (e.g. a departure for war, etc.). Comparisons are made with similar representations (New York, London, Athens, Paris). The question whether the Sabouroff head had a votice or funerary function has not however been resolved.
La majesté sacrée du roi : images du souverain carolingien
Authors: Aubert Dominique
Published: June 2021

The Sacred Majesty of the King : Images of a carolingian Sovereign.

The body of works examined consists of six representations of a sovereign in majesty (King or Emperor) from the Carolingian period, dated approximately between 840 and 875. The article’s aim is to define formal and iconographical characteristics associated with the idea of royal majesty in these manuscript images. It is shown that royal majesty is not defined by one element alone but by a combination of several elements. Its image is compared with other types of majesty, particularly those of Christ and David. The evolution of religious ideology in the ninth century forbades the assimilation of a sovereign’s majesty with divine majesty. The author therefore introduces the notion of « intermediary majesty » in order to account for the particular traits of the image of the Carolingian King, who remains a sacred personage in a sacred space (etymologically « forbidden »), while playing the role of an intermediary between God and the people.
La montagne dans l’œuvre du paysagiste Antonin Fanart
Authors: Agache Annie
Published: June 2021

The mountain in the work of the landscape painter Antonin Panart.

The first study devoted to this artist from the Franche-Comté (1831-1903), the article deals, through the theme of the mountain, with the evolution of his vision. Trained in Geneva by the romantic landscape painter Diday, he acquires the style of this school : a predilection for the large panoramas, a meticulous technique, a care of truth. Very quickly, he abandons grandiose settings for simpler landscapes, the light and the poetry of which he expresses. Twilight in the rocky plain (1860-1861), brings him fame. The painter of mountains becomes a lyric landscape painter, and comes close to the vision of the Barbizon painters and their friends. The contemporary critics compare him to Fantin-Latour, Jules Dupré, Théodore Rousseau. Fanart will keep from the mountain the sense of space, and his landscapes are often noticeable by backgrounds of particularly accurate values.
L’assemblage en Californie dans les années cinquante et soixante : le reflet d’un malaise social
Authors: Giffon-Selle Anne
Published: June 2021

A. Giffon : Assemblage in California in the Fifties and the Sixties : A Reflection of Social Uneasiness.

Assemblage is one of the first movements which marks the existence of an original and specific artistic activity in California after the Second World War.

Assemblagists use objects and materials that have been rejected or are falling apart. They privilege themes expressing fear of a nuclear holocaust, the oppression uf women, or the hypocrisy of consumer society. They find their inspiration in the present while looking for symbols and beliefs in oriental philosophies. Their close relationship with the writers of the Beat Generation gives a particular dimension to their experience which is very different from that of Pop Artists and the New Realists.
Sol Lewitt : le dessin mural ou l’œuvre comme passage
Authors: Marsaud Perrodin Roselyne
Published: June 2021

Sol Lewitt : mural drawing or the work as passage.

The analysis of Four colors and all their combinations, shown at the A.R.C. in 1987, reveals the processes used by Sol Lewitt to achieve the aesthetic objectives of conceptual art. Carried out on a complex surface of 80 m2 by ten assistants using very precise preliminary sketches, four different inks and old rags for spreading them in three layers, the « drawing » is founded on a repartition of variable color plans on the disponible fields of a unique form — the trunk of a pyramid. The complex combinatory thus elaborated is supposed to suggest to the spectator a new conception of space : the work which surrounds him constitute a passage, which cannot be appropriated in a global and durable way.
L’art domestique à Rennes autour de 1910
Authors: Troussel Jean-François
Published: June 2021

From picturesque to regionalisms : domestic art in Rennes around 1900.

The study of middle-class villas built in Rennes from 1910 onwards on a new estate close to the Jardin des Plantes permits to bring to the fore the skilfullness with which the architects knew how to adapt their style to the social status and the cultural level of their patrons. The picturesque which dominates covers borrowings to different historical styles and, more and more frequently, to regional features, the main reference being the manor. The interior laying out, connected with the patrons’ style of life, evolves towards more open and luminous spaces.
Les arcs brisés persans : remarques sur leurs particularités géométriques et techniques
Authors: Laleh Haeedeh
Published: June 2021

The study focuses on the arches of the domed halls erected during the Saldjukid period inside of the big mosques, in the part reserved to the sovereign’s use. The author analyses the methods and technics used to trace and build these arches which reveal a great mastery of applied mathematics on the part of the architects and which, beyond their function, possess a distinguished decorative value.
L’illustration du Codex Gressly, missel bâlois du XIe siècle
Authors: Palazzo Éric
Published: June 2021

The bishopric of Bâle received in 1986, as a gift from the family of Dr Max Gressly, a manuscript unknown until now. The writing permits a datation in the second half of the third quarter of the 11th C. It is a missal with juxtaposed parts. The author is mainly concerned with the iconography of two full page illustrations :

1/ A Crucifixion associated with the Bronze snake ;

2/ Saint Paul sat on a throne receiving the instruments to write.

1 / Christ is shown crucified on the initial «T » of «Te igitur » ; the image is associated with the text in a way which is not totally original for the period, and which is even fallen in disuse ; since the beginning on the 11th C. indeed, the first words of the prayer are no longer integrated to the picture, because of the progressive passage from the sacramentary to the missal. Contrarywise the préfiguration of the Crucifixion is evoqued very soon in the theological littérature. But in iconography, the two themes were note yet associated ; the drawing of the Gressly codex is then particularly original because it seems to merge two distinct models in a very narrow composition.

2/ The representation of Saint Paul in the Gressly manuscript has a unique place in the iconography of the apostle during the Middle Ages. The innovation character of this iconography contrasts with the rather out-of-fashion style of the drawing.

There is also 7 ornamented initials which seem of German inspiration. The localisation of the codex is still to be discovered.
Les indications chromatiques dans le De Pictura et le Della Pittura d’Alberti
Authors: Gérard-Marchant Laurence
Published: June 2021

The De Pictura (written in 1435) and its adaptation in Italian (Della Pittura, 1436) contain indications on the proper use of colours, which require a thorough reexamination. First, the terminology permits to see the relationships and the divergences between Alberti and the Latin tradition. Second, Alberti’s text contributed to the fundamental innovations in the romano-toscan painting, notably in Piero della Francesca’s work. The discussion mainly focuses on the use of ochre, blue and green, on the abandon of the golden backgrounds and the use of values. The author insists on the new relationships established in the painting between the decoration of architecture and the costumes of the figures. The integration of speckled marble is striking in the M adonna said «Tarquinia » by Philippo Lippi (1437). The analysis of polychrome marbles in several other examples shows that a chromatic intensity is given to the decoration, contrasting with the monochrome draperies of the costumes (Piero della Francesca, Retable of Perugia). The influence of Alberti’s text as far as colours are concerned must then be considered as a positive one.
Aubusson et la renaissance de la tapisserie
Authors: Heng Michèle
Published: June 2021

Soon after the 1939-45 War, the renaissance of French tapestry was celebrated as a major though sudden event. The author shows that it was prepared for long : the reform of technical principles, initiated during the 19th C, was completed before the war ; at the same period, a tendency in favour of a mural art of social purpose compelled recognition ; paradoxically, the support of the Vichy government to arts and crafts was going to give the material possibility of a sufficient production. Lurçat’s role was to take advantage of the occasion ; but the technique of the numbered cartoon, though it had obvious economic advantages, was bound to lead to a sclerosis and to the death of this «renaissance ».
Marly, jardin des eaux
Authors: Bentz Bruno
Published: June 2021

Marly, a water garden.

At the time of their creation during the 17th c., the hydraulic installations of the royal park of the Marly château (sold in 1799) were quite exceptional. The form and use of elements which are today lost or destroyed can be reconstituted, thanks to archaeological excavations launched in 1985, the results of which are compared with archival sources and early representations of the site. The Marly park is best remembered for the techniques and decoration of its fountains, but the hydraulic system as a whole was far more complete and more diversified than that. This « water garden » is known to have been conceived by the architect J. Hardouin-Mansart ; the same (Vitry) family of fountain-builders was responsible for the upkeep of the garden for a century. The article studies the organization and function of the following elements : the water network with its reservoirs and extensive canalizations built between 1683 and 1686 ; the décor (waterfalls, jets of water and fountains) ; and, finally, the « water service » (baths, drinking, washing water, etc.). Decoration was by no means the only preoccupation ; the system allowed for day-to-day functional uses as well as decorative ones. A complete use of water’s different properties was made possible by the exceptional range of technical achievements realized in its supply.
Les voyages outre-Manche de François-Joseph Bélanger
Authors: Barrier Janine
Published: June 2021

François-Joseph Bélanger's trips to England.

F.-J. Bélanger, the famous architect of the « Artois Folly » at Bagatelle, visited England three times between 1774 and 1780. He was particularly interested in « English gardens » and Palladian architecture. His sketchbook, used on all three visits, is held by the Library of the Ecole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts at Paris. The first voyage must have taken place prior to 1777 ; the second dates from 1778 and the third from 1780. Bélanger’s sketches not only allow us to reconstitute his itineraries (done here for the first time), but also to analyze what attracted the architect : sites, architecture, furniture, various mechanical devices, most of them noted in relation to his architectural or garden projects under way in France. In 1778, for example, he was particularly interested in the Palladian villa built by Chambers in 1758 at the edge of Richmond park. In 1780, amongst other subjects, he drew James Paine’s bridge. Between 1778 and 1780, when Bélanger, in collaboration with Thomas Blaikie, was designing the Bagatelle gardens for the Comte d’Artois, he drew on his English experiences, and also applied the principles of Chambers. It was the beginning of the success of « English gardens » in France.
Les premières photographies archéologiques : Victor Place et les fouilles de Ninive
Authors: Bustarret Claire
Published: June 2021

The first archaeological photographies : Victor Place and the excavations at Niniveh.

In charge of the new campaigns of excavations on the site of Niniveh, Victor Place, the French consul in Mossoul, was, between 1852 and 1854, one of the first users of photography for the sake of archaeology. Around fourty of his printings on paper (the list of which is added to the paper), illustrating one of his mission accounts sent to the orientalists of the Academy, shows the seriousness of his documentary and scientific intentions. To put « Assyria itself » under the erudites’ eyes, to give them a concrete visual information on the way the works went on, and to bring the proof on the historical and esthetical values of the discovered objects — but also to contribute to the interpretation of inedite items and constructions — such are the functions given to these views taken in situ. The angle of shooting, but above all the treatment of presentation of the shots (reframing, colouring, cutting), as well as their narrow association with the description, give to the archaeologist the means of a semiotic mastership which constitutes a new object of knowledge, and which tends to question the bookish erudition to the benefice of field testimonies.
La photographie et la presse illustrée sous le Second Empire
Authors: Rochard Sophie
Published: June 2021

Photography and the illustrated press during the Second Empire.

The illustrated press shew the greatest enthusiasm for the new device called photography, but did not use it as quickly as one could have expected. At the beginning, photography was a model engraved on wood, like all the other original documents (drawings, water-colours, etc.) : the first print after a photograph was published in 1853 in L’illustration. The author studied the prints published from 1853 to 1870 in three papers : L’illustration, Le monde illustré, Le tour du monde (around 2800 items and 400 photographers). She could compare the plates to the original photographies whenever they still exist. She concludes that the printer sometimes intervenes to modify his model, for instance by adding figures in landscapes. Moreover, the technical possibilities of photography are still limited and cannot render actions, for instance battles, except when they show the setting. The majority of subjects are thus portraits, always posed, and sites. But the reader will get very quickly used to this type of reporting, and, with the technical progress, photography by itself will become the information.
La photographie artistique à l’Exposition universelle de 1900
Authors: Poivert Michel
Published: June 2021

The artistic photography at the Exposition universelle of 1900.

At the time of the Exposition universelle of 1900, the pictorialist photography is ten years old ; its importance, and the role of the Photo-Club de Paris are acknowledged during the International photography congress, but it is not yet accepted in the section of works of art. The collective exhibition of the Photo-Club de Paris shows the works of the « French school » of artistic photography, but the English and the Austrians meet more success ; a lack of novelty is reproached to the French. Even worse, the Exposition is boycotted by the German, Belgian and American artist-photographers, a consequence of the refusal to give the status of an art to photography, and of the success of a new american generation in New York and London.

The Exposition universelle of 1900 appears as a failure for French pictorialism and announces the incertitudes, the « dead point » Robert Demachy will speak later of.
Le mythe grec dans l’art romain
Authors: Turcan Robert
Published: June 2021

Greek myths in Roman art.

Roman art adopted Greek mythological iconography but uprooted it from its religious subsoil. The Greek myth — secularized, privatized and politicized — was brought down to the level of reality. It could allow this reality to be forgotten, deplored, justified or magnified. Episodes of Greek mythology were often miniaturized or mingled together, even synthesized ; they could be transformed into theatre or into allegory. Throughout the imperial period then, the Greek myth became a system of cultural signs, bearing no relation to religion ; this allowed it to survive polytheism.