bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of ocean climate on spatiotemporal variation in sea urchin settlement and recruitment
Authors: Okamoto Daniel K. , Schroeter Stephen C. , Reed Daniel C.
Published: April 2020

Sea urchins are voracious herbivores that influence the ecological structure and function of nearshore ecosystems throughout the world. Like many species that produce planktonic larvae, their recruitment is thought to be particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations that directly or indirectly affect adult reproduction and larval transport and survival. Yet how climate alters sea urchin populations in space and time by modifying larval recruitment and year‐class strength on the time‐scales that regulate populations remains understudied. Using a, spatially replicated weekly‐biweekly data set spanning 27 yr and 1100 km of coastline, we characterized seasonal, interannual, and spatial patterns of larval settlement of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). We show that large spatial differences in temporal patterns of larval settlement were associated with different responses to fluctuations in ocean temperature and climate. Importantly, we found a strong correlation between larval settlement and regional year class strength suggesting that such temporal and spatial variation in settlement plays an important role in controlling population dynamics. These results provide strong evidence over extensive temporal and spatial domains that climatic fluctuations shape broad‐scale patterns of larval settlement and subsequent population structure of an important marine herbivore known to control the productivity, community state, and provisioning services of marine ecosystems.
Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization of Itaconates and Self‐Assemblies of Rod−Coil Block Copolymers
Authors: Hu Keling , Sarkar Jit , Zheng Jie , Lim Yan Hui Melania , Goto Atsushi
Published: April 2020

Organocatalyzed living radical polymerizations of itaconates are studied, yielding low‐dispersity linear and star polymers (Đ = Mw/Mn = 1.28−1.46) up to Mn = 20 000 and monomer conversion = 62%, where Mn and Mw are the number‐ and weight‐average molar masses, respectively. The block polymerization with functional methacrylates, an acrylate, and styrene yields various rod−coil block copolymers. Linear A−B diblock, linear B−A−B triblock, and 3‐arm star A−B diblock copolymers generate spherical micelles (nanoparticles) and vesicles (nanocapsules), depending on the polymer structures. Itaconates can be derived from bioresources, and thus the obtained polymers may serve as green polymers. Because of the biocompatibility of polyitaconates, the assemblies may serve as biocompatible nanocarriers.
Effectiveness of the use of the E-Gamification strategy to develop the educational achievement of the preparatory students in Dammam City and their attitudes towards it
Authors: Ibrahim Hatim
Published: April 2020

The goal of the current research to identify the effectiveness of the use of the strategy of electronic defects in the development of the educational techniques of the students of the middle level in Dammam city and the direction towards it, the descriptive and semi-experimental curriculum was used, for their content for research purposes, and has been The total number of members of the sample (170) students, divided into an experimental group and the number of its members (85) students, the number of members of the control group (85) students and the researcher used the test achievement in the subjects of educational techniques, and the measure of direction towards them and the research found the existence of statistically significant differences, between Average student grades of the experimental group, student grades of the control group, in the dimension measurement, of the attainment test, and the existence of statistically significant differences between the average grades of students of the experimental group and the grades of the students of the control group in the dimensional measurement of the trend measure towards the strategy of the defect Electronic for the benefit of the experimental group.
Zero-Power Defense Done Right: Shielding IMDs from Battery-Depletion Attacks
Authors: Siddiqi Muhammad Ali , Serdijn Wouter A. , Strydis Christos
Published: April 2020

The wireless capabilities of modern Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) make them vulnerable to security attacks. One prominent attack, which has disastrous consequences for the patient’s wellbeing, is the battery Denial-of-Service attack whereby the IMD is occupied with continuous authentication requests from an adversary with the aim of depleting its battery. Zero-Power Defense (ZPD), based on energy harvesting, is known to be an excellent protection against these attacks. This paper raises essential design considerations for employing ZPD techniques in commercial IMDs, offers a critical review of ZPD techniques found in literature and, subsequently, gives crucial recommendations for developing comprehensive ZPD solutions.
Acquired Aplastic Anemia as a Clonal Disorder of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Rupa-Matysek Joanna , Gil Lidia
Published: April 2020

Aplastic anemia is rare disorder presenting with bone marrow failure syndrome due to autoimmune destruction of early hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and stem cell progenitors. Recent advances in newer genomic sequencing and other molecular techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia with respect to the inflammaging, somatic mutations, cytogenetic abnormalities and defective telomerase functions of HSCs. These have been summarized in this review and may be helpful in differentiating aplastic anemia from hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome. Furthermore, responses to immunosuppressive therapy and outcomes may be determined by molecular pathogenesis of HSCs autoimmune destruction, as well as treatment personalization in the future.
Die Folgen des Klimawandels als sicherheitspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Dröge Susanne
Published: April 2020

Der Klimawandel kann auf vielfältige Weise konfliktträchtige Konstellationen verschärfen. Konkrete Folgen für fragile Staaten und für Militäroperationen bedürfen auch einer sicherheitspolitischen Bewertung. Deutschland hat 2020 im UN-System eine wichtige Rolle, da es sowohl im Zuge der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen als auch als nichtständiges Mitglied im UN-Sicherheitsrat die Debatten über Klimarisiken zusammenführen und für mehr internationales Engagement gegen den Klimawandel werben kann.
The direct cost of disability of community-dwelling older persons in Belgium
Authors: Cès Sophie , Lambert Anne-Sophie , de Almeida Mello Johanna , Declercq Anja , Speybroeck Niko , Annemans Lieven , Macq Jean
Published: April 2020

Current policies aim to promote and develop community-based support of disabled elderly persons, yet knowledge of the cost implications is insufficient. Thus, we aimed to estimate, for three disability profiles and three presence levels of the main informal carer (none, non-cohabitant, cohabitant), the cost of formal and informal support currently provided at home in Belgium. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 5,642 disabled elderly persons living at home was established between 2010 and 2016. The administrative database of the Belgian public healthcare insurance was merged with other prospective data on social care service utilisation, informal care and disability. The total cost of formal support ranged from €725 to €1,344 (on average, per person, per month), depending on the three disability profiles identified. Twenty-five per cent of persons with the highest level of disability (important functional limitations and cognitive impairment) and helped by a cohabitant carer, had a low total cost of formal support: below €382 per month. Informal care represented the main cost component of total support costs in the three disability profiles (between 64 and 76%). To prevent the worsening of situations of disabled older persons and their informal carers, better detection of seriously disabled persons with low levels of formal support is crucial.
Direct bandgap opening in sodium-doped antimonene quantum dots: an emerging 2D semiconductor
Authors: Hu Liang , Xu Zhenyu , Long Fangchao , Yuan Jun , Li Hui , Zhao Ailun , Han Su-Ting , Zhang Nian , Liu Xiaosong , Ma Chao , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: April 2020

The electric field control of Raman scattering for small molecules can be realized in direct semiconducting antimonene-based field effect transistor.
Examining the vinyl moiety as a protecting group for hydroxyl (–OH) functionality under basic conditions
Authors: Voronin Vladimir V. , Ledovskaya Maria S. , Rodygin Konstantin S. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: April 2020

A method for the protection and deprotection of alcohols via vinylation and devinylation reactions is proposed. Stability of the vinyl protecting group under various conditions is studied and synthetic applicability is demonstrated.
Conjugated polyelectrolyte with potassium cations enables inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency over 20%
Authors: Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Xie Jiaming , Chen Shi , Bae Sanghoon , Kim Jeehwan , Xu Baomin
Published: April 2020

A conjugated polyelectrolyte bearing stronger ability of defect-passivation and hole-extraction yields an efficiency of 20.01% as a hole transporting material.
Behandlung der membranösen Glomerulopathie
Authors: Marín Franco Antonio José , Ramos Sarai Camino , Malave Irene , Redondo Magdalena Terán , León Gabriel Yépez , Gonzalo Cesar Delgado Lapeira , Luquín Pedro Abáigar , De Toro Enrique García , Palacios Ball Johanna Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Die Behandlung der primären membranösen Glomerulonephritiden (pMGN) ist wegen der hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit spontaner Remissionen stark umstritten. In dieser Studie wird die Erfahrung aus 12 Jahren zur Behandlung der pMGN bei 22 Patienten im Universitätsklinikum Burgos (Spanien) dargestellt. Ein prädiktives Model versucht, je nach Proteinurie in 24 Stunden und glomerulärer Filtrationsrate (GFR) die Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Progression der pMGN einzuschätzen. Darunter wurden die Patienten in niedriges, mäßiges und hohes Risiko eingeteilt. Die Niedrig-Risiko-Patienten bekamen keine Therapie. Währenddessen wurden die Mäßig- und Hoch-Risiko-Patienten mit immunsuppressiver Therapie behandelt. Bei einer Erfolgsrate von über 80 % bei den Patienten, bei denen eine immunsuppressive Therapie angesetzt wurde, erscheint das prädiktive Modell eine nützliche Methode zum Entscheidungsprozess, welche Patienten von der Therapie profitieren würden – v. a. bei Niedrig- und Mäßig-Risiko-Patienten.
Monstering: a transdisciplinary method for an unstable world
Authors: Armstrong Rachel , Hughes Rolf , Ferracina Simone
Published: April 2020

This paper outlines the transdisciplinary practice of monstering, a toolset used by the Experimental Architecture Group (EAG) to engage with a world in constant flux. The chapter describes recent Experimental Architecture projects that draw attention to the need for radical change at a time of ecocide. Our ‘monstering’ perspectives draw inspiration from the countless forms of cooperation and acts of generosity that underpin healthy ecological systems. Throughout the text, a range of different voices, materials, media and practices are brought together to synthesise the potentials of monstering. Monstering generates qualitatively new encounters in the choreography of space and its inhabitation. It challenges normative protocols and existing practices by embodying the unknown and uncontrollable aspects of the world. Through monstering, we embrace our innate zoephilia (Braidotti, 2006, p. 41), increasing our capacity to respond to an ever-changing reality and finding new ways of diplomacy to better communicate and acknowledge the contributions of non-human agents to our reality. EAG’s monstering experiments seek to bring designed change to functionality (Haraway, 2015) through re-empowerment, re-connection and re-enchantment with an ecologically stressed world. The paper details monstering performances and installations as prototypes that draw attention to established preferences, conventions, and habits, celebrating diversity, difference and paradoxical encounters.
Population density, human development index, priority watersheds and voluntary disclosure of pollutant release data by textile companies in Indonesia
Authors: Birry A A , Utomo S W , Herdiansyah H
Published: April 2020

There are currently twenty textile companies in Indonesia that have voluntarily disclosed information about their release of hazardous chemicals from their production facilities on an internet page. The information disclosure is carried out using the PRTR system approach, and individually by the twenty companies. In the period of 2013 to 2019, together, 43 information disclosures were recorded. All companies that disclose their pollutant release data are located in locations with very high population densities. Meanwhile 75% of them operate in locations with high HDI levels. In addition, only one company that voluntarily disclosed their pollutant release data is not located in priority watersheds. This study might provide the first step for further research on the driving or pulling factors of the voluntary information disclosure. Information that should be the rights of the public.
The active compound of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata, L.) as anti-vaginal discharge (Fluor albus)
Authors: Rustanti E , Fatmawati Z
Published: April 2020

The aims of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antifungal Soursop leaf extract against the fungus Candida albicans and determine the class of compounds that act as vaginal discharge. Soursop leaf was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The class determination of active compound by using multilevel composition fractionation method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate solvent. The effectiveness test of antifungal of each fraction toward Candida albicans by diffusion method is so that the researcher can look at the inhibitory zone diameter, then identify them by using UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometry to determine the active compound as antifungal. The highest antifungal effectiveness of soursop leaf active compounds was the n hexane fraction with inhibition diameter 23.7 mm which was categorized as strong, compared to the positive control of ketoconazole with inhibition zone 22.5 mm and nystatin 15, 9 mm. The compound which is thought to have antifungal activity from the n- hexane fraction of soursop leaves is a terpenoid compound.
Histopathology of gill tissue koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected Myxobolus sp. with treatment of diflubenzuron
Authors: Yanuhar U , Musa M , Putri R D , Caesar N R , Junirahma N S
Published: April 2020

Along with the development of aquaculture activities, certainly, there are many problems that can interfere with the cultivation process one of the causes is because of parasite attacks on fish. One of the parasites that often attacks koi fish is Myxobolus sp. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological picture and the effect of giving Diflubenzuron on the damage to the gill tissue of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) with the treatment of Diflubenzuron. The method used in this study is an experimental method using 5 treatments namely (A) healthy fish, (B) fish infected with Myxobolus sp., (C) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.01 mg, (D) of fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.02 mg and (E) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.03 mg. Histopathological observations were made on gill tissue. The level of gill tissue damage can be determined by the scoring method. Based on the results of the study, there were three tissue damages found in histopathological observations of gill tissue, namely oedema, hyperplasia, and lamella fusion. Treatment of Diflubenzuron with different doses has a different effect on the level of gill tissue damage. The conclusion of this study, the treatment of Diflubenzuron 0.02 mg (D) has the best effect compared to other doses, evidenced by the reduction in damage to the gill tissue.
Cascading failures in complex networks
Authors: Valdez Lucas D , Shekhtman Louis , La Rocca Cristian E , Zhang Xin , Buldyrev Sergey V , Trunfio Paul A , Braunstein Lidia A , Havlin Shlomo
Published: April 2020

Cascading failure is a potentially devastating process that spreads on real-world complex networks and can impact the integrity of wide-ranging infrastructures, natural systems and societal cohesiveness. One of the essential features that create complex network vulnerability to failure propagation is the dependency among their components, exposing entire systems to significant risks from destabilizing hazards such as human attacks, natural disasters or internal breakdowns. Developing realistic models for cascading failures as well as strategies to halt and mitigate the failure propagation can point to new approaches to restoring and strengthening real-world networks. In this review, we summarize recent progress on models developed based on physics and complex network science to understand the mechanisms, dynamics and overall impact of cascading failures. We present models for cascading failures in single networks and interdependent networks and explain how different dynamic propagation mechanisms can lead to an abrupt collapse and a rich dynamic behaviour. Finally, we close the review with novel emerging strategies for containing cascades of failures and discuss open questions that remain to be addressed.
“Meds-in-Hand” Intervention to Reduce Critical Process Delays in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Epstein Rachel L , Penwill Nicole , Clarke Diana F , Hamilton Sebastian , Horbowicz Kevin , Dorfman David , Moses James M , Cooper Ellen R
Published: April 2020

Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophylaxis is frequently indicated, but delays in medication receipt are common. Using plan-do-study-act cycles, we developed a multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce critical process delays in our pediatric emergency department. Interruptions decreased from a median 1 per month pre-intervention to zero per month during the intervention.
Bloodstream Infections With Candida auris Among Children in Colombia: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 34 Cases
Authors: Berrio Indira , Caceres Diego H , Coronell R Wilfrido , Salcedo Soraya , Mora Laura , Marin Adriana , Varón Carmen , Lockhart Shawn R , Escandón Patricia , Berkow Elizabeth L , Rivera Sandra , Chiller Tom , Vallabhaneni Snigdha
Published: April 2020

Background

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that can cause invasive infections and healthcare-associated outbreaks. Here, we describe 34 cases of pediatric C. auris bloodstream infections (BSIs) identified during July 2014–October 2017 in 2 hospitals in Colombia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of microbiology records for possible C. auris cases in 2 hospitals in Barranquilla and Cartagena. BSIs that occurred in patients aged <18 years confirmed as C. auris were included in this analysis.

Results

We identified 34 children with C. auris BSIs. Twenty-two (65%) patients were male, 21% were aged <28 days, 47% were aged 29–365 days, and 32% were aged >1 year. Underlying conditions included preterm birth (26%), being malnourished (59%), cancer (12%), solid-organ transplant (3%), and renal disease (3%). Eighty-two percent had a central venous catheter (CVC), 82% were on respiratory support, 56% received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 15% had a surgical procedure, and 9% received hemodialysis. Preinfection inpatient stay was 22 days (interquartile range, 19–33 days), and in-hospital mortality was 41%.

Conclusions

Candida auris affects children with a variety of medical conditions including prematurity and malignancy, as well as children with CVCs and those who receive TPN. Mortality was high, with nearly half of patients dying before discharge. However, unlike most other Candida species, C. auris can be transmitted in healthcare settings, as suggested by the close clustering of cases in time at each of the hospitals.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that can cause invasive infections and healthcare-associated outbreaks. This report describes 34 cases of pediatric C. auris bloodstream infections, identified in two hospitals in Colombia, South America.
Developing professional knowledge through innovation in higher education
Authors: Stalheim Odd Rune
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how pedagogical innovations in practical training facilitate professional learning among higher education (HE) students.

Design/methodology/approach

Through individual and group interviews and observations, this explorative phenomenological study investigates a technological innovation in nursing education and a student-driven innovation in architectural education, which provide the background for discussion on the potential of professional development through innovative work-based learning (WBL).

Findings

The findings revealed that increased involvement and engagement through innovative WBL in real-life scenarios increases students' confidence in their abilities, their critical commitment to their education and their professional knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited by the number of participants, which reduces the opportunity to compare results based on, e.g. the different roles of the students or their enrolment status. However, few studies address the students' voices in innovation processes; therefore, the results offer valuable knowledge to inform development work in HE.

Practical implications

The results suggest a stronger emphasis on “scholarship of practice” to increase attention to practice and professional knowledge as a formalised part of the core tasks in HE.

Originality/value

The paper showcases the importance of a learning paradigm that includes students in innovation processes and underscores the value of pedagogical innovation in WBL for students' professional development.
Identifying building obsolescence: towards increasing buildings' service life
Authors: Pourebrahimi Mohammad , Eghbali Seyed Rahman , Pereira Roders Ana
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Obsolescence is a decline or loss of utility of an object, building or product. Different types of building obsolescence decrease buildings’ utility and shorten their service life. The purpose of this paper is identification of building obsolescence types and the relevant factors that affect buildings to become obsolete. It is also intended to categorise building obsolescence types to provide a contribution towards increasing building service life and delivering sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review is applied to conduct this research. It follows five steps: (1) formulating the research question; (2) locating studies; (3) selecting and evaluating relevant studies; (4) analysing the findings; (5) reporting and making use of the results.

Findings

Via this study, it is revealed that there are 33 types of building obsolescence. They are clustered in 10 categories regarding their conceptual and causing aspects and are presented based on their recurrence in the literature. According to the findings, economic obsolescence (including economic, financial and market obsolescence types) and functional obsolescence (including functional, use and utility obsolescence types) are the most remarkable categories.

Originality/value

Investigating the literature makes it clear that building obsolescence types have been studied intermittently with infrequent profound exploration of the relationship between them. This paper presents a comprehensive identification of building obsolescence types and introduces obsolescence categories that classify connected obsolescence types. It is a new framework for further studies on building obsolescence to find more effective prevention strategies to mitigate social, economic and environmental consequences of building obsolescence.
Dispersion‐relationship‐preserving seismic modelling using the cross‐rhombus stencil with the finite‐difference coefficients solved by an over‐determined linear system
Authors: Chen Guiting , Wang Yanfei , Wang Zhenli , Zhang Shuyang
Published: April 2020

Finite‐difference modeling with a cross‐rhombus stencil with high‐order accuracy in both spatial and temporal derivatives is a potential method for efficient seismic simulation. The finite‐difference coefficients determined by Taylor‐series expansion usually preserve the dispersion property in a limited wavenumber range and fixed angles of propagation. To construct the dispersion‐relationship‐preserving scheme for satisfying high‐wavenumber components and multiple angles, we expand the dispersion relation of the cross‐rhombus stencil to an over‐determined system and apply a regularization method to obtain the stable least‐squares solution of the finite‐difference coefficients. The new dispersion‐relationship‐preserving based scheme not only satisfies several designated wavenumbers but also has high‐order accuracy in temporal discretization. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the new scheme possesses a better dispersion characteristic and more relaxed stability conditions compared with the Taylor‐series expansion based methods. Seismic wave simulations for the homogeneous model and the Sigsbee model demonstrate that the new scheme yields small dispersion error and improves the accuracy of the forward modelling.
Radix Tetrastigma extract from different origins protect RAW264.7 macrophages against LPS‐induced inflammation
Authors: Li Yonglu , Jiang Yong , Chu Qiang , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: April 2020

Radix Tetrastigma (RT) is a medicinal plant and functional food in China, distributed in various places in the south of China. Radix Tetrastigma extract (RTE) from different origins were collected and analyzed for their anti‐inflammatory effects. Different RTEs showed different abilities to suppress shape deformation, decrease the nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently, their bioactive components were compared, and results showed RTEs are rich in flavonoid (85.25‐436.70 mg RE/g DW), polysaccharides (100.45‐349.26 mg glucose/g DW), phenolic (12.92‐225.40 mg GAE/g DW) and protein contents (4.429‐7.719 mg/g DW). Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation studies indicated that anti‐inflammatory capacity could be more associated with total flavonoid contents. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐time‐of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF/MS) analysis were conducted, and results showed that rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and astragalin were main flavonoid compounds, among them astragalin exhibited a prior protective effect, suggesting it might be responsible for RTE's excellent anti‐inflammatory capacity.
Cosine adapted modified whale optimization algorithm for control of switched reluctance motor
Authors: Saha Nutan , Panda Sidhartha
Published: April 2020

Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) imitates social conduct of humpback whales which is inspired by bubble net hunting strategy of humpback whales. In the present study, Cosine adapted modified whale optimization algorithm (CamWOA) which is a modified version of WOA, has been proposed where cosine function is incorporated for the selection of control parameter “d” which governs the position of whales during optimization process. Also, correction factors are employed to modify the movement of search agents during the search process. These changes provide a proper balance between exploration and exploitation phases in CamWOA technique. The performance of CamWOA is analyzed by testing on a set of benchmark functions and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. It is observed that CamWOA outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art metaheuristic algorithms in majority of benchmark functions. The efficiency of CamWOA is also evaluated by solving a multiobjective engineering problem pertaining to control of switched reluctance motor. The simulation results confirm that CamWOA yields very promising and competitive results compared to that of WOA and other metaheuristic optimization algorithms.
Viral etiology of life‐threatening pediatric pneumonia: A matched case‐control study
Authors: Yu Jianxing , Qian Suyun , Liu Chunyan , Xiao Yan , Xu Teng , Wang Ying , Su Hang , Chen Lan , Yuan Bin , Wang Xinming , Xu Baoping , Yang Yan , Shen Kunling , Xie Zhengde , Ren Lili , Wang Jianwei
Published: April 2020

Background

Pediatric pneumonia remains a significant health challenge, while the viral risk factors for adverse outcomes in pediatric pneumonia are not yet fully clear.

Methods

A matched case‐control study of pediatric patients with pneumonia was carried out in Beijing, China, between 2007 and 2015. The study enrolled 334 intensive care unit patients who developed life‐threatening diseases and 522 controls matched to the sex, age, ethnicity, admission dates, and residing district of the cases suffered from pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken from all participants and tested by PCR for 18 common respiratory viruses.

Results

At least, one virus was detected in 257 (77%) of the cases and 409 (78%) of the controls. We observed no difference in the prevalence of 17 respiratory viruses between cases and controls but found a higher frequency of influenza A virus (IFV‐A) in the cases than in the controls (7% vs 4%, P = .036). After adjusting for comorbid conditions and a history of reactive airway diseases, IFV‐A was associated with an increase in life‐threatening pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.24‐5.24). Young age and congenital heart disease (aOR = 10.16‐10.27, P < .001) were also independent risk factors.

Conclusions

The prevention of IFV infection is critical in decreasing the risk of life‐threatening pneumonia in children.
Comparison of laparoscopic and open appendectomy on wound infection and healing in complicated appendicitis
Authors: Güler Yılmaz , Karabulut Zülfikar , Çaliş Hasan , Şengül Serkan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of laparoscopic and open surgery on the development of postoperative surgical wound infection and wound healing between complicated appendicitis patients. Patients with complicated appendicitis were divided into those underwent laparoscopic and open surgical procedures according to the surgical method. Patients were followed up with regard to development of any postoperative wound infection, and medical, radiological, and surgical treatment methods and results were recorded. A total of 363 patients who underwent appendectomy were examined, of which 103 (28.4%) had complicated appendicitis. Postoperative wound infection rate in patients who underwent open surgery was 15.9%, while it was 6.8% in the laparoscopic surgery group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of infection development rates (P > .05). The rate of surgical drainage use and rehospitalisation was significantly higher in the group with wound infection than in the group without wound infection. (P < .05). We suggest that in terms of wound infection and wound healing, laparoscopic surgery should be the method of choice for patients with complicated appendicitis. In order to reduce the frequency of wound infection, drains should not be kept for a long time in patients undergoing appendectomy.
Adherence to follow‐up recommendations for dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Chambers Aidan R. , Skinner Owen T. , Mickelson Megan A. , Schlag Ariel N. , Butler James Ryan , Wallace Mandy L. , Moyer Ashley L. , Vinayak Arathi , Samuel Nina , Kennedy Katie C. , Oakes Katherine E. , Scharf Valery F. , Parker Lindsay A. , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G.
Published: April 2020

Progressive disease is common following anal sacculectomy for apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA); additional therapy may prolong survival. Adherence to medical recommendations influences therapeutic success in humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence to follow‐up recommendations in dogs with AGASACA. Medical records of patients that underwent anal sacculectomy for AGASACA, with or without iliosacral lymphadenectomy, between July 2015 and July 2018, were reviewed at eight referral institutions to assess post‐operative recommendations and owner adherence to recommendations. One hundred and seventy‐four dogs were included, of which 162 underwent unilateral anal sacculectomy, 12 underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy and 39 underwent concurrent iliosacral lymphadenectomy. Seventy‐six owners (44%) received recommendations for staging at the time of discharge, histopathology results or at the first follow‐up visit. One hundred and forty owners (80%) received recommendations for treatment following the initial surgery. Fifty of seventy‐six (66%) owners pursued at least one staging recommendation and 69 of 140 (49%) owners pursued some kind of adjuvant treatment recommendation. Overall, 16 of 76 (21%) were adherent to staging recommendations with 20 adherent for the first year following surgery (26%). Forty‐seven of 140 (34%) were adherent to treatment recommendations with 54 (39%) adherent for the first year. Owners that were adherent to restaging recommendations at 1 year following surgery were significantly more likely to pursue treatment for progressive disease (P = .014). Further work is required to assess owner motivation and evaluate strategies to improve adherence, given the potential impact on patient treatment.
Regeneration of pulpo-dentinal–like complex by a group of unique multipotent CD24a
+
stem cells
Authors: Chen Hong , Fu Huancheng , Wu Xue , Duan Yufeng , Zhang Sicheng , Hu Hong , Liao Yuansong , Wang Tao , Yang Yan , Chen Guoqing , Li Zhonghan , Tian Weidong
Published: April 2020

A previously unidentified group of Sp7-dependent CD24a
+
stem cells, called MDPSCs, were found to promote dental pulp regeneration.
Metabolic maturation in the first 2 years of life in resource-constrained settings and its association with postnatal growth
Authors: Giallourou N. , Fardus-Reid F. , Panic G. , Veselkov K. , McCormick B. J. J. , Olortegui M. P. , Ahmed T. , Mduma E. , Yori P. P. , Mahfuz M. , Svensen E. , Ahmed M. M. M. , Colston J. M. , Kosek M. N. , Swann J. R.
Published: April 2020

Undernourished children are metabolically immature relative to those growing normally across 3 diverse epidemiologic contexts.
Improving the efficiency of precise genome editing with site-specific Cas9-oligonucleotide conjugates
Authors: Ling Xinyu , Xie Bingteng , Gao Xiaoqin , Chang Liying , Zheng Wei , Chen Heqi , Huang Yujia , Tan Linzhi , Li Mo , Liu Tao
Published: April 2020

A chemical protein-DNA conjugation approach enhances precise genome editing in human cells and mouse zygotes.
The Mgs1/WRNIP1 ATPase is required to prevent a recombination salvage pathway at damaged replication forks
Authors: Jiménez-Martín Alberto , Saugar Irene , Joseph Chinnu Rose , Mayer Alexandra , Lehmann Carl P. , Szakal Barnabas , Branzei Dana , Tercero José Antonio
Published: April 2020

Mgs1 contributes to genome stability by helping to avoid unwanted recombination at sites of perturbed DNA replication.
Climate models miss most of the coarse dust in the atmosphere
Authors: Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Kok Jasper F.
Published: April 2020

Atmosphere has four times more coarse dust than in climate models, resulting in more radiative warming than previously estimated.
Case of using mycophenolate in combination with steroids for concurrent macrophage activation syndrome and lupus flare
Authors: Shah Kavina , Porter Andrew , Takhar Gagandeep , Reddy Venkat
Published: April 2020

This report highlights the importance of tailored treatment strategies in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares driving the life-threatening condition, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who was diagnosed with MAS within 3 days of onset of lethargy, rash, joint pain and significant cytopenias. This early diagnosis meant that her condition was managed with less intensive immunosuppression with only modest doses of steroids and mycophenolate mofetil.
Implantable cardiac electronic device therapy for patients with a systemic right ventricle
Authors: Barracano Rosaria , Brida Margarita , Guarguagli Silvia , Palmieri Rosalinda , Diller Gerhard Paul , Gatzoulis Michael A , Wong Tom
Published: April 2020

The systemic right ventricle (SRV), defined as the morphological right ventricle supporting the systemic circulation, is relatively common in congenital heart disease (CHD). Our review aimed at examining the current evidence, knowledge gaps and technical considerations regarding implantable cardiac electronic device therapy in patients with SRV. The risk of sinus node dysfunction (SND) after atrial switch repair and/or complete heart block in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries requiring permanent pacing increases with age. Similar to acquired heart disease, indication for pacing includes symptomatic bradycardia, SND and high degree atrioventricular nodal block. Right ventricular dysfunction and heart failure also represent important complications in SRV patients. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has been proposed to improve systolic function in SRV patients, although indications for CRT are not well defined and its potential benefit remains uncertain. Amongst adult CHD, patients with SRV are at the highest risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Nevertheless, risk stratification for SCD is scarce in this cohort and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator indication is currently limited to secondary prevention. Vascular access and the incidence of device-related complications, such as infections, inappropriate shocks and device system failure, represent additional challenges to implantable cardiac electronic device therapy in patients with SRV. A multidisciplinary approach with tertiary expertise and future collaborative research are all paramount to further the care for this challenging nonetheless ever increasing cohort of patients.
Neoadjuvant PROSTVAC prior to radical prostatectomy enhances T-cell infiltration into the tumor immune microenvironment in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Abdul Sater Houssein , Marté Jennifer L , Donahue Renee N , Walter-Rodriguez Beatriz , Heery Christopher R , Steinberg Seth M , Cordes Lisa M , Chun Guinevere , Karzai Fatima , Bilusic Marijo , Harmon Stephanie A , Turkbey Ismail Baris , Choyke Peter L , Schlom Jeffrey , Dahut William L , Madan Ravi A , Pinto Peter A , Gulley James L
Published: April 2020

Background

Clinical trials have shown the ability of therapeutic vaccines to generate immune responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). What is relatively less known is if this translates into immune-cell (IC) infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. This study examined whether neoadjuvant prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-targeted vaccination with PROSTVAC could induce T-cell immunity, particularly at the tumor site.

Methods

An open-label, phase II study of neoadjuvant PROSTVAC vaccine enrolled 27 patients with localized prostate cancer awaiting radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated increases in CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates (RP tissue vs baseline biopsies) using a six-color multiplex immunofluorescence Opal method. Antigen-specific responses were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping 15-mer peptide pools encoding the TAAs PSA, brachyury and MUC-1.

Results

Of 27 vaccinated patients, 26 had matched prevaccination (biopsy) and postvaccination (RP) prostate samples available for non-compartmentalized analysis (NCA) and compartmentalized analysis (CA). Tumor CD4 T-cell infiltrates were significantly increased in postvaccination RP specimens compared with baseline biopsies by NCA (median 176/mm² vs 152/mm²; IQR 136–317/mm² vs 69–284/mm²; p=0.0249; median ratio 1.20; IQR 0.64–2.25). By CA, an increase in both CD4 T-cell infiltrates at the tumor infiltrative margin (median 198/mm² vs 151/mm²; IQR 123–500/mm² vs 85–256/mm²; p=0.042; median ratio 1.44; IQR 0.59–4.17) and in CD8 T-cell infiltrates at the tumor core (median 140/mm² vs 105/mm²; IQR 91–175/mm² vs 83–163/mm²; p=0.036; median ratio 1.25; IQR 0.88–2.09) were noted in postvaccination RP specimens compared with baseline biopsies. A total of 13/25 patients (52%) developed peripheral T-cell responses to any of the three tested TAAs (non-neoantigens); five of these had responses to more than one antigen of the three evaluated.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant PROSTVAC can induce both tumor immune response and peripheral immune response.

Trial registration number

NCT02153918.
Analysis of Transferred MoS2 Layers Grown by MOCVD: Evidence of Mo Vacancy Related Defect Formation
Authors: Schoenaers B. , Leonhardt A. , Mehta A. N. , Stesmans A. , Chiappe D. , Asselberghs I. , Radu I. , Huyghebaert C. , De Gendt S. , Houssa M. , Afanas’ev V. V.
Published: April 2020

A low-temperature multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) study has been carried out on 1, 3.5, and 6 layer thick MoS2 films, grown by metal organic vapor deposition (MOCVD) and subsequently transferred on SiO2/Si. This reveals the observation of a previously unreported, nearly isotropic signal at g ≈ 1.9998 with corresponding spin center (spin S = ½) densities ranging from ∼6 × 108 cm−2 to ∼5 × 1011 cm−2. The ESR investigation is closely combined with an in-depth analysis by an assortment of other experimental techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to ultimately result in the assignment of the ESR signal to a defect of intrinsic nature, most likely a Mo vacancy (VMo) related defect located at MoS2 grain edges or boundaries. The oxidation of the 2D material at grain edges and boundaries combined with the applied water-based transfer procedure is demonstrated to play a crucial role in the generation of the newly observed defect, thus advising caution with the currently applied process method. The presented analysis, which combines a variety of experimental techniques, contributes to the fine-tuning of the CVD growth and transfer process of high-quality few-layer MoS2 intended for next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
Response to Checkpoint Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Molecular Driver Alterations
Authors: Kauffmann-Guerrero Diego , Tufman Amanda , Kahnert Kathrin , Bollmann Benjamin Alexander , Reu Simone , Syunyaeva Zulfiya , Schneider Christian , Manapov Farkhad , Huber Rudolf M. , Golpon Heiko
Published: April 2020

Aims: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations do not respond well to checkpoint inhibitors. However, little is known about the activity of immunotherapy in NSCLC with other driver mutations. The increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) leads to molecular findings that face the clinician with problems while choosing the best treatment. This study aims at analyzing response of NSCLC with driver mutations to immunotherapy. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively included 84 NSCLC patients diagnosed and treated at 2 German tertiary-care lung cancer centers using NGS and treatment with immunotherapy. Response to immunotherapy was analyzed in correlation to molecular findings. Results: 51 patients harbored at least 1 driver mutation. PIK3CA, EGFR, and STK11 mutations did not respond to immunotherapy. KRAS, TP53, and MET exon 14 skipping mutations responded well. One patient with NF-1 mutation showed durable response. Conclusions: Molecular testing may be of use in guiding treatment decision making in NSCLC.
THE ROLE OF A SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE IN STUDENTS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Rodionova V. V. , Hlyniana L. A. , Hashynova K. Yu. , Razumnyi R. V.
Published: April 2020

In the current context of higher education reform, there is a redistribution of academic hours, with reduced number of lectures and practical classes and increased workload for students to prepare themselves. In the training of doctors, the practical component of training remains perhaps the most important. The types of educational activities of students according to the curriculum are lectures, practical classes and students’ independent work. The latter occupies an important place in the course of teaching the discipline. In order to encourage students to gain practical experience with the patient, perform scientific work, etc., students should be encouraged to participate in the work of scientific circles at the departments. During the preparation of the meetings of the circle and its conducting, the teacher becomes more familiar with the most active and purposeful students, who seek not only to deepen their knowledge during extracurricular time, but are involved in the implementation of scientific work, participate in the Olympiad, prepare scientific papers for participation in higher education all-Ukrainian competitions of scientific works. The Student Science Circle is a full-fledged, non-classroom method of student’s training. The participation of students in the work of scientific circles promotes research activities, the formation of creative abilities, the increase of general self-esteem and self-realization of students. An important condition for the formation of quality education is the development of a creative component of a specialist with the support of their cognitive activity and independence, which supports professional growth of a future doctor.
A liminaridade das práticas pedagógicas da cena
Authors: Leal Dodi
Published: April 2020

Qual o potencial das fronteiras da cena em expor os ditames políticos vigentes no sistema educacional de um país? Que visualidades da cena são interditadas na contemporaneidade? De que modo as censuras vividas na cena teatral transgênera no Brasil do século XXI matizam as normatividades de uma pedagogia antidemocrática de Estado? E, por fim, qual poderia ser o papel da arte da performance na defesa da educação democrática? Este artigo propõe uma reflexão teórica sobre a luta por Direitos Humanos no campo da Educação, desenrolada a partir do olhar sobre os processos recentes de pedagogia teatral e da arte da performance. Com base no texto de Boal (2009), no qual a Estética é qualificada como um Direito Humano, pretendemos levantar nos atributos de liminaridade da arte da performance vetores democráticos que possam subsidiar as práticas pedagógicas da cena. Para tanto, retomamos o conceito de liminar, proveniente da Antropologia Social (TURNER, 1974), e indicamos como sua aproximação ao campo das Artes, por Caballero (2011), promoveu-lhe expansão e sutileza ao sublinhar que a efemeridade do fenômeno cênico liquefaz as tensões políticas em modo de uma pedagogia fronteiriça. Como indicativos críticos do texto, aventamos três proposições de liminaridade da cena: a excentricidade, a ética da coralidade votiva e o pensamento situado. Pretende-se perceber de que maneira esses dispositivos visuais da arte da performance estão no bojo do ataque e da resistência no contexto da defesa da educação democrática.
Dicção e estilo por Maria José de Carvalho
Authors: Machado Neto Alvaro De Souza
Published: April 2020

O artigo visa resgatar a memória da professora Maria José de Carvalho (1919-1994), por duas décadas titular da cadeira Dicção e Estilo da Escola de Arte Dramática de São Paulo e influente crítica e diretora teatral, bem como situar sua pessoa e sua influência no quadro da instituição e no ambiente artístico paulista entre os anos de 1940 e 1993. Utiliza o arquivo pessoal de Maria José de Carvalho, nos anos 2010 transferido ao Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo, bem como documentos pessoais do autor, depoimentos diretos e bibliografia especializada, além de dois capítulos escritos pelo autor em livro biográfico sobre a professora, editado em 2018.