bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus
Authors: Benetti Fernando , Furini Cristiane Regina Guerino , de Carvalho Myskiw Jociane , Provensi Gustavo , Passani Maria Beatrice , Baldi Elisabetta , Bucherelli Corrado , Munari Leonardo , Izquierdo Ivan , Blandina Patrizio
Published: April 2015

Significance

Integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for long-term memory (LTM) but not short-term memory of step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). Histamine depletion in hippocampus or basolateral amygdala (BLA) impairs LTM of that task. Histamine infusion into either structure restores LTM in histamine-depleted rats. The restoring effect in BLA occurs even when hippocampal activity was impaired. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive-element-binding protein phosphorylation correlates anatomically and temporally with histamine-induced memory recall. Thus, histaminergic neurotransmission appears critical to provide the brain with the plasticity necessary for IA through recruitment of alternative circuits. Our findings indicate that the histaminergic system comprises parallel, coordinated pathways that provide compensatory plasticity when one brain structure is compromised.
Particle-in-cell simulations of parametric decay instability of radiofrequency wave in the ion cyclotron range of frequency in an inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Gan Chunyun , Xiang Nong , Ou Jing , Yu Zhi
Published: April 2015

Particle-in-cell simulations have been conducted to investigate the parametric decay processes of radiofrequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequency in inhomogeneous plasmas. By choosing the parameters close to those in the ion Bernstein wave heating experiments on the HT-7 tokamak (Li et al 2001 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

43 1227–38), decay channels similar to experimental observations have been found in simulations. It is shown that due to strong inhomogeneity of tokamak edge plasma, layers may exist where selection rules of the mode–mode coupling are satisfied, and resonant parametric decays can occur if the input wave power is sufficiently high. As a result, daughter waves at half-, second- and third-harmonic frequencies of the pump wave can be excited. The nonresonant parametric decay is also observed, and ions are heated via nonlinear Landau damping.
Quasi-Frobenius-Lusztig kernels for simple Lie algebras
Authors: Liu Gongxiang , Van Oystaeyen Fred , Zhang Yinhuo
Published: April 2015

In the first author’s Math. Res. Lett. paper (2014), the quasi-Frobenius-Lusztig kernel associated with

s
l

2

\mathfrak {sl}_{2}

was constructed. In this paper we construct the quasi-Frobenius-Lusztig kernels associated with any simple Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

.
Relationships between macrozoobenthos and habitat characteristics in an intensively used area of the Dutch coastal zone
Authors: de Jong Maarten F. , Baptist Martin J. , Lindeboom Han J. , Hoekstra Piet
Published: April 2015

Distribution patterns and species composition of macrozoobenthos were studied in the Dutch coastal zone in front of the Port of Rotterdam. Relationships between macrozoobenthic assemblages and environmental variables were determined using non-metric dimensional scaling (nMDS) based on 470 boxcore, bottom sledge, and sediment samples collected in spring 2006 and 2008 in a 2500-km2 research area. We investigated two types of benthic assemblages, infaunal assemblages sampled with a boxcorer and epifaunal assemblages sampled with a bottom sledge. Five main in- and epifaunal assemblages were distinguished using clustering techniques and nMDS ordinations. Macrozoobenthic species composition correlated with combinations of measured sediment variables and modelled hydrodynamic variables. Macrozoobenthic species richness and biomass were highest at 20 m deep areas with a grain size of 200 µm, elevated mud and sediment organic matter, and low mean bed shear stress. Considerable interannual differences in macrozoobenthic assemblage distribution were observed which resulted from more Echinoids, Phoronids, and jackknife clams. A distinct, highly productive and species-rich macrozoobenthic white furrow shell Abra alba assemblage coincided in a 8-m deepened shipping lane and near a disposal site for dredged fine sediment. This may be an indication that the benthic system can be changed by these human activities. Modelled bed shear stress is an important variable in addition to sediment variables in explaining distribution patterns in macrozoobenthos.
Resilience: detecting vulnerability in marginal groups
Authors: Mitrović Veselin
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to detect causes of potential vulnerability via indicators of non-resilience among marginalized groups. These causes could become a catalyst for a major deprivation of resilience and further victimization of a group, either while disaster is occurring or in its aftermath.

Design/methodology/approach

– Exploration of resilience was based on social and economic research conducted in Serbia 2012-2013 with one of the most vulnerable communities, with the goal of mapping local understandings of resilience in contrast to issues of risk and vulnerability. A specific two layer methodology, i.e. phenomenology of desperateness was based on sociological imagination and social action.

Findings

– The author detected and labeled the most relevant socio-economic causes of miserable life conditions among the given marginal group. Such analytical dimensions become marked as the indicators of vulnerabilities. Mapping these vulnerabilities, especially among the marginal communities, is the first step in preventing their victimization.

Practical implications

– The responsible social agents are compatible with the creation of the relevant map and profile of the most vulnerable actors with the goal of preventing a possible eugenics selection during DRR and response.

Social implications

– In addition to preventing victimization during a disaster, this study provides preventives of the sentiment-driven actions induced by paternalistically organised everyday life (established by way of the same indicators) within the framework of a new totalitarian ideology, such as a para-military organization of daily activities.

Originality/value

– This paper provides a specific methodology for detecting desperateness as an inner process in vulnerability and new insights into the comprehension of the relation between social structure of marginal groups, their resilience and their members’ vulnerability.
Building local level engagement in disaster risk reduction: a Portugese case study
Authors: Burnside-Lawry Judy , Carvalho Luis
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– Contributing to the global dialogue on disaster risk reduction (DRR), the purpose of this paper is to address a key priority for the Post-2015 Framework for DRR (HFA2) by analysing initiatives used by one local government to increase local-level engagement in DRR.

Design/methodology/approach

– A review of literature from the multidisciplinary areas of communication, social and political theory examines the role that communication theory and practice can play in facilitating public participation to build community resilience. Building on these insights, the authors introduce a research methodology to examine modes of communication, the quality of dialogue and opportunities for “voice” and “listening” between decision makers and local-level stakeholders during DRR planning A qualitative, case study is undertaken with data sourced from observation, document analysis and interviews to provide insights into public engagement events, policies and procedures that enhance or impede local engagement in DRR.

Findings

– Communication between the DRR campaign team and publics are analysed according to the range of communication practices used and opportunities provided for dialogue between parties. Findings differentiate between public information, consultation and participation events. Factors that enable and conversely, constrain local-level engagement to build community resilience, and conditions associated with each factor, are identified.

Research limitations/implications

– A unique analytical framework adapted from the duel lenses of participatory communication and information flow models, is used to differentiate events using one-way information from those offering opportunities for dialogue and participation. The framework provides a method for DRR practitioners to plan and evaluate local-level engagement events to meet the communication needs of particular situations.

Practical implications

– The framework provides a method for DRR practitioners to plan and evaluate local-level engagement events to meet the communication needs of particular situations.

Originality/value

– Co-authored by an Australian academic and a member of Amadora’s campaign team, the paper is a combination of one city’s experience in developing strategies to build community resilience, analysed using communication, social and political theory. Findings have implications for standard command-and-control management systems and styles of leadership and crisis management. Results will assist practitioners’ advance their understanding of different ways that publics may be engaged to build community resilience.
Interdependent critical infrastructures resilience: methodology and case study
Authors: Robert Benoît , Morabito Luciano , Cloutier Irène , Hémond Yannick
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a coherence analysis to evaluate the resilience for a critical infrastructure (CI). This is the new way to evaluate the CI and demonstrate that the authors need to pass from the protection towards resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use two approaches for this research. First is a consequence-based approach to evaluate the resilience. This approach has been used many times for evaluating the interdependencies between CIs. The second is a systemic approach to characterize the system and doing the coherence analysis.

Findings

– This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the coherence in a context of CIs protection. The coherence analysis in resilience is a new concept and the first result to the application seems very good for the user of the research.

Originality/value

– The originality of this paper is the coherence analysis applied to a resilience evaluation. The criteria for coherence analysis is innovative and it is a new way to consider the resilience and the relation between an organization and it is partners. Another value is the need for a wider scope in the analysis of hazards and how to address them that includes the infrastructure system itself, but also other related organizations and infrastructure systems.
Multi-agency gold incident command training for civil emergencies
Authors: P. Wilson John , Gosiewska Sarah
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it will trace, for the first time, the historical events which have progressively influenced emergency training. Second, it will evaluate the design considerations and delivery of strategic training to participants attending a multi-agency gold incident command programme. Finally, it will make recommendations about the suitability of training approaches for different aspects of emergency training.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research used a mixed methods study design involving a longitudinal literature review of disasters which influenced training; and a case study of multi-agency training.

Findings

– Guidance for major incidents developed in a relatively ad hoc manner until consolidated by the Civil Contingencies Act (2004). In addition, health and safety considerations prevent on-the-job training during major incidents. Furthermore, different forms of training would appear to be more suited to training for the different stages of a major incident.

Research limitations/implications

– The European Union delegates responsibility for emergency planning to individual nations. Although the findings relate to this UK case study the lessons learned would appear to be generic and may be applicable in other countries.

Practical implications

– Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident.

Social implications

– Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident.

Originality/value

– This is the first paper charting the historical development of emergency training. There is a limited base of literature for emergency training.
Evaluation of civil protection programmes, with a case study from Mexico
Authors: Alexander David E.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for assessing and characterising the state of development of a civil protection (emergency preparedness) system, with particular attention to the local level, where such systems are rooted.

Design/methodology/approach

– Groups of indicators are suggested as a means of evaluating each component of the system. The paper proposes a means of using these to identify which parts of the system are most in need of development and additional resources, something that will also depend on local hazards, vulnerabilities and priorities. In order to illustrate the methodology, an example is presented from the town Teziutlán in the central Mexican state of Puebla.

Findings

– The civil protection system of Teziutlán is in the midst of a long, difficult and uneven phase of growth, in which there are both encouraging developments and seriously neglected elements. Analysis of Teziutlán using the indicators listed in the preceding methodological section enables a model to be proposed for the emergence of a system of emergency preparedness and response at the local level.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper proposes a simple methodology and uses one very modest example to illustrate it. However, civil protection systems at many scales and in many countries would benefit from evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses.

Practical implications

– It is hoped that this will be of use to those who wish to evaluate the development of local and regional civil protection elsewhere in the world.

Social implications

– Improvement of response capabilities is crucial to the development of a better civil protection system and the protection of the population against disaster.

Originality/value

– Although assessment is widely used in science, technology and business, it has rarely been applied systematically to emergency management and civil protection systems.
Is there nothing outside the tags?
Authors: Murphy Helen , Rafferty Pauline
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between social tagging and key poststructuralist principles; to devise and construct an analytical framework through which key poststructuralist principles are converted into workable research questions and applied to analyse Librarything tags, and to assess the validity of performing such an analysis. The research hypothesis is that tagging represents an imperfect analogy for the poststructuralist project.

Design/methodology/approach

– Tags from LibraryThing and from a library OPAC were compared and constrasted with Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and publishers’ descriptions. Research questions derived from poststructuralism, asked whether tags destabilise meaning, whether and how far the death of the author is expressed in tags, and whether tags deconstruct LCSH.

Findings

– Tags can temporarily destabilise meaning by obfuscating the structure of a word. Meaning is destabilised, perhaps only momentarily, and then it is recreated; it might resemble the original meaning, or it may not, however any attempt to make tags useful or functional necessarily imposes some form of structure. The analysis indicates that in tagging, the author, if not dead, is ignored. Authoritative interpretations are not pervasively mimicked in the tags. In relation to LCSH, tagging decentres the dominant view, but neither exposes nor judges it. Nor does tagging achieve the final stage of the deconstructive process, showing the dominant view to be a constructed reality.

Originality/value

– This is one of very few studies to have attempted a critical theoretical approach to social tagging. It offers a novel methodological approach to undertaking analysis based on poststructuralist theory.
Taxonomy of literacies
Authors: Stordy Peter
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– Digital technologies have transformed what it means to be literate and to experience literacy. Various literacies have been coined to capture this transformation including established literacies like computer literacy, information literacy, digital literacy, media literacy and internet literacy, to newer conceptions like transliteracy, metaliteracy and multimodal literacy. The purpose of this paper is to assimilate the various conceptions of literacy and literacy types is becoming increasingly more complex. There is a need for a taxonomy of literacies that reflects more recent developments, one that more comprehensively captures the current literacy landscape and one that might have affordances in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

– “Library and Information Science Abstracts” (LISA), “Education Resources Information Center” (ERIC) and “British Education Index” were searched for documents relating to digital technologies and literacy. Relevant documents were retrieved and reviewed. This was followed by selective backward and forward citation searching and a further review of relevant documents.

Findings

– Based on a review of the literature, two significant dimensions of literacy were identified. These dimensions were used to create a literacy framework to enable the classification of literacies and literacy types, i.e. a taxonomy of literacies. This taxonomy was successfully applied to various prominent literacies and literacy types.

Research limitations/implications

– The literacy framework was only applied to those literacies and literacy types that are directly or indirectly related to digital technologies.

Originality/value

– There have been a few attempts to classify some literacy types. When conceived, these classifications comprehensively captured some aspect of the literacy landscape. However, they are now dated and there is a need for a taxonomy of literacies that meets the needs identified above. This paper proposes a taxonomy that meets these criteria.
Debating reliable sources: writing the history of the Vietnam War on Wikipedia
Authors: Luyt Brendan
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to use selected discussions appearing on the talk pages of the Wikipedia entry on the Vietnam War to shed light on how the wider epistemological context of this online encyclopaedia affects the nature of debate about sources and subsequently how this knowledge could be used to improve information literacy instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

– My broad approach to the study of the Wikipedia talk pages on the Vietnam War is qualitative in nature and explores the debate over sources through a textual analysis.

Findings

– Although much of the debate over sources is conducted without acrimony, the level of analysis one finds in the talk pages is rather shallow while the attention of individual contributors is not overly concentrated.

Originality/value

– There have been few studies of individual Wikipedia entries and their talk pages, rather the focus of most of the literature has been on a broad overview of the entire encyclopaedia or a concentration on a set of entries for a particular topic area.
Enhancement of electrical properties of vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative by PCBM
Authors: Aziz F. , Sulaiman K. , Al-Rawi Wissam Khayer , Ahmad Z. , Sayyad M.H. , Karimov Kh. S. , Wei L.L. , Tahir M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on improvement of physical and electrical properties of vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative. The correlation between the physical characteristics of the active layers, comprising vanadyl 2,9,16, 23-tetraphenoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (VOPcPhO) and PCBM, and the electrical properties of metal/organic/metal devices have been studied. The use of soluble vanadyl phthalocyanine derivative makes it very attractive for a variety of applications due to its tunable properties and high solubility.

Design/methodology/approach

– The sandwich type structures Al/VOPcPhO/Al and Al/VOPcPhO:PCBM/Al were fabricated by spin casting the active organic layers between the top and bottom (aluminum) electrodes. The stand-alone (VOPcPhO) and composite (VOPcPhO:PCBM) thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The electronic properties of the metal/organic/metal devices were studied using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in dark at room temperature.

Findings

– The values of barrier height for Al/VOPcPhO/Al and Al/VOPcPhO:PCBM/Al devices were obtained from the forward bias I-V curves and were found to be 0.7 eV and 0.62 eV, respectively. The present study indicates that the device employing VOPcPhO:PCBM composite film as the active layer, with better structural and morphological characteristics, results in reduced barrier height at the metal-organic film interface as compared to the one fabricated with the stand-alone film.

Research limitations/implications

– It is shown that doping VOPcPhO with PCBM improves the crystallinity, morphology and junction properties.

Practical implications

– The spin coating technique provides a simple, less expensive and effective approach for preparing thin films. The soluble VOPcPhO is conveniently dissolved in a number of organic solvents.

Originality/value

– The physical properties of the VOPcPhO:PCBM composite thin film and the electrical properties of the composite thin-film-based metal/organic/metal devices have not been reported in the literature, as far as our knowledge is concerned.
Climate policy and solutions for green supply chains: Europe’s predicament
Authors: Bonilla David , Keller Hartmut , Schmiele Juergen
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to measure carbon footprints (CFs) of products at the sectoral levels. The paper also aims to provide potential solutions to adopt greener supply chains to minimise CFs.

Design/methodology/approach

– The assessment of CFs uses a data set for nine sectors and environmental extended input output tables, as well as other six models. The analysis uses modules for regional economy, freight, logistics and mode choice, among other modules. The output of these modules includes increases or cuts in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions following a shift in supply chains.

Findings

– The authors identify five supply chains that are closely connected to the growth of CFs. The highest CF is found for the electronics and textiles products. Offshoring manufacturing capacity produces an increase of emissions (production and freight transport sectors) of 42 million tonnes of CO2 emissions, or 12 per cent of the Kyoto target of 341 million tonnes of CO2. Using a different metric to measure emissions, offshoring the same volume of production appears as a reduction in European Union (EU)-wide CO2 emissions. To reduce CO2 emissions, the authors propose a carbon tax on imports, increasing R&D subsidies to industry and freight sectors and on-shoring a greater volume of production into the EU economies, among other measures.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper only measures CFs at the sectoral level. Further work should include survey data on CFs, longer historical data series and larger set of products for assessment. Another limitation is the lack of analysis of freight transport flows of non-EU regions, (i.e. China and Latin America).

Practical implications

– The authors propose the following measures: at least five policies to offset offshoring of production, several measures to reduce carbon emissions, propose introducing mandatory audits for CFs and mandatory labelling. This work has implications for carbon taxation of exports and imports in an effort to decarbonise European and global supply chains.

Social implications

– Social implications include the need to lower personal goods consumption in the EU to minimise the impact of supply chains on carbon emissions; the need to tax exports/imports may have an impact on jobs in the EU, among other effects.

Originality/value

– This paper is the only study that uses the TRANS-TOOLS model and the only study to measure CFs of products within the context of freight transport flows within the EU. The analysis relies on inputs from several modules that apply data on 24 EU economies.
Subordinate plants mitigate drought effects on soil ecosystem processes by stimulating fungi
Authors: Mariotte Pierre , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Jassey Vincent E. J. , Buttler Alexandre
Published: April 2015

The subordinate insurance hypothesis suggests that highly diverse communities contain greater numbers of subordinate species than less diverse communities. It has previously been reported that subordinate species can improve grassland productivity during drought, but the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined.

Using a combination of subordinate species removal and summer drought, we show that soil processes play a critical role in community resistance to drought. Interestingly, subordinate species drive soil microbial community structure and largely mitigate the effect of drought on grassland soil functioning. Our results highlight subordinate species in shifting the balance within the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) microbial community towards more fungal dominance.

Fungal communities promoted by subordinate species were more resistant to drought and maintained higher rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration. These results emphasize the important role of subordinate species in mitigating drought effects on soil ecosystem functions. Reciprocal effects between fungi and subordinate species explain also how subordinate species better resisted to drought conditions.

Our results point to a delayed plant–soil feedback following environmental perturbation. Additionally, they extend the diversity insurance hypothesis by showing that more diverse communities not only contain species well adapted to perturbations, but also species with higher impacts on soil microbial communities and related ecosystem functions.
Angular Determination of Toolmarks Using a Computer‐Generated Virtual Tool
Authors: Spotts Ryan , Chumbley L. Scott , Ekstrand Laura , Zhang Song , Kreiser James
Published: April 2015

A blind study to determine whether virtual toolmarks created using a computer could be used to identify and characterize angle of incidence of physical toolmarks was conducted. Six sequentially manufactured screwdriver tips and one random screwdriver were used to create toolmarks at various angles. An apparatus controlled tool angle. Resultant toolmarks were randomly coded and sent to the researchers, who scanned both tips and toolmarks using an optical profilometer to obtain 3D topography data. Developed software was used to create virtual marks based on the tool topography data. Virtual marks generated at angles from 30 to 85° (5° increments) were compared to physical toolmarks using a statistical algorithm. Twenty of twenty toolmarks were correctly identified by the algorithm. On average, the algorithm misidentified the correct angle of incidence by −6.12°. This study presents the results, their significance, and offers reasons for the average angular misidentification.
The Discovery of Diamonds in Chromitites of the Hegenshan Ophiolite, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhu HUANG , Jingsui YANG , ROBINSON Paul T. , Yongwang ZHU , Fahui XIONG , Zhao LIU , Zhongming ZHANG , Wei XU
Published: April 2015

Diamond, moissanite and a variety of other minerals, similar to those reported from ophiolites in Tibet and northern Russia, have recently been discovered in chromitites of the Hegenshan ophiolite of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, north China. The chromitites are small, podiform and vein‐like bodies hosted in dunite, clinopyroxene‐bearing peridotite, troctolite and gabbro. All of the analysed chromite grains are relatively Al‐rich, with Cr# [100Cr/(Cr+Al)] of about 47–53. Preliminary studies of mainly disseminated chromitite from ore body No. 3756 have identified more than 30 mineral species in addition to diamond and moissanite. These include oxides (mostly hematite, magnetite, rutile, anatase, cassiterite, and quartz), sulfides (pyrite, marcasite and others), silicates (magnesian olivine, enstatite, augite, diopside, uvarovite, pyrope, orthoclase, zircon, sphene, vesuvianite, chlorite and serpentine) and others (e.g., calcite, monazite, glauberite, iowaite and a range of metallic alloys). This study demonstrates that diamond, moissanite and other exotic minerals can occur in high‐Al, as well as high‐Cr chromites, and significantly extends the geographic and age range of known diamond‐bearing ophiolites.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene Intrusions in East Gangdese, Lhasa, Tibet and Their Tectonic Significances
Authors: Xin LÜ , Zhenghua WANG , Yulin LIU , Hongfei LIU , Kaifeng XU , Jinshu ZHANG
Published: April 2015

In this study, we determined the granite ages in the middle to east Gangdese batholith. Zircon ages from these granites are 57.6–68.7 Ma, indicating that intrusions were formed in the Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene. The large‐ion lithophile elements are highly enriched, whereas some high‐field‐strength elements are depleted. The Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic characteristics are similar to those of the Dianzhong volcanics in the Linzhou Basin, indicating the same origin and tectonic environment. The samples show positive εHf(t) values that are slightly lower than the values for the Linzizong volcanics, the Quxu intrusion, and other intrusions in middle Gangdese. We conclude that our samples, the Linzizong volcanics, and most main‐collisional intrusions are derived from the same source with different ratios of crust and mantle input. On the basis of geological, geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic information, we conclude that the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene evolution of Gangdese can be divided into three stages. First, the collision began at 70–60 Ma, the same time as rollback of the Tethys Ocean slab. Second, during 60–50 Ma, slab breakoff triggered upwelling of the asthenosphere. Third, after 50 Ma, the Tethys Ocean slab's effect disappeared and the interaction between Indian and Asian crusts began influencing magmatism in Gangdese.
Crust and Upper Mantle Electrical Resistivity Structure in the Panxi Region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Significance
Authors: Gang ZHANG , Xuben WANG , Hui FANG , Ziming GUO , Zhaobin ZHANG , Wei LUO , Xuelin CAI , Jun LI , Zhong LI , Xing WU
Published: April 2015

The Panxi region is located in the frontal zone of positive squeezing subduction and side squeezing shearing between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The long‐period magnetotelluric (LMT) and broadband magnetotelluric (MT) techniques are both used to study the deep electrical conductivity structure in this region; magnetic and gravity surveys are also performed along the profile. According to the 2‐D resistivity model along the Yanyuan‐Yongshan profile, a high‐conductivity layer (HCL) exists widely in the crust, and a high‐resistivity block (HRB) exists widely in the upper mantle in general, as seen by the fact that a large HCL exists from the western Jinpingshan tectonic zone to the eastern Mabian tectonic zone in the crust, while the HRB found in the Panxi tectonic zone is of abnormally high resistivity in that background compared to both sides of Panxi tectonic zone. In addition, the gravity and magnetic field anomalies are of high value. Combined with geological data, the results indicate that there probably exists basic or ultrabasic rock with a large thickness in the lithosphere in the Panxi axial region, which indicates that fracture activity once occurred in the lithosphere. As a result, we can infer that the high‐resistivity zone in the Panxi lithosphere is the eruption channel for Permian Emeishan basalt and the accumulation channel for basic and ultrabasic rock. The seismic sources along the profile are counted according to seismic record data. The results indicate that the most violent earthquake sources are located at the binding site of the HRB and the HCL, where the tectonic activity zone is generally acknowledged to be; however, the earthquakes occurring in the HCL are not so violent, which reflects the fact that the HCL is a plastic layer, and the fracture threshold of a plastic layer is low generally, making high stress difficult to accumulate but easy to release in the layer. As a result, a higher number of smaller earthquakes occurred in the HCL at Daliangshan tectonic zone, and violent earthquakes occurred at the binding site of high‐ and low‐resistivity blocks at the Panxi tectonic zone.
Slip Rate of Yema River–Daxue Mountain Fault since the Late Pleistocene and Its Implications on the Deformation of the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hao LUO , Wengui HE , Daoyang YUAN , Yanxiu SHAO
Published: April 2015

The slip rate of Yema River–Daxue Mountain fault in the western segment of Qilian Mountains was determined by the dated offset of river risers or gullies. Results indicate that the left‐lateral fault slip rate is 2.82 ± 0.20 mm/a at Dazangdele site, 2.00 ± 0.24 mm/a at Shibandun site, and 0.50 ± 0.36 and 2.80 ± 0.33 mm/a at two sites in Zhazihu. The ideal average slip rate of the whole fault is 2.81 ± 0.32 mm/a. The lower slip rate confirms part of the displacement of Altyn Tagh fault was transformed into an uplifting of the strap mountains in the western segment of Qilian Mountains, whereas another part transformed into sinistral displacement of Haiyuan fault. This study illustrates that the slip of large strike‐slip faults in the northeastern margin of the plateau transforms into crust thickening at the tip of the fault without large‐scale propagation to the outer parts of the plateau.
Ethnography for aging societies: Dignity, cultural genres, and Singapore's imagined futures
Authors: FISCHER MICHAEL M. J.
Published: April 2015

Social theory generated in and about Singapore lies in psychic depths and archive fevers of an immigrant society subjected to accelerated social changes that devalue the lives of those marked by aging. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Singapore, weaving together four kinds of data sets—gerontology psychiatric research and intervention; changing ritual forms; analytically phenomenological, paraethnographic theater and stories; and student video and drama projects—I argue that new literacies, pedagogies, and practices can foster enriched community life in posttraumatic, aging societies. Focusing on meaning and affect, and referencing Derrida on hauntology, archive fever, sur‐vie, and grammatology (as syntax of social configurations within which aging occurs, or, sociocultural texts, narratives, and symbols), I build on the ethnographic literatures on aging and explore strong metaphors of monstrous history (taowu), ghosts (hantu), obliviousness brought by prosperity (fat years), and intercultural repetition compulsions of unfilial children (Lear).
Infrastructures of legitimacy: The political lives of marriage contracts in Jordan
Authors: HUGHES GEOFFREY
Published: April 2015

Documentary practices legitimizing marriage in what is now Jordan have taken different forms from the late Ottoman period to the present. I analyze the formal characteristics and materiality of these practices to show how initiatives to standardize, aggregate, and circulate information about marriage introduce new notions of personhood, state, and society. Such legitimizing infrastructures entail new forms of accountability that go beyond and even challenge the intentions of those who promulgate such initiatives. The shift in emphasis in Jordan from oral to written contracts and the subsequent aggregation and circulation of those records reifies categories of individual, state, and society while drawing them into a wide array of gendered, generational, and political conflicts. Ironically, the state's legitimation of marriage may even draw its own legitimacy into question. [quantification, legitimacy, the state, personhood, sharia, bureaucracy, graphic artifacts, circulation]
Embryonic development of adriatic sturgeon, Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte 1836), in farming conditions: a guide
Authors: Cabrera Remedios , Soriguer Milagrosa Casimiro , Domezain Alberto , Hernando José Antonio
Published: April 2015

The sequence and timing of the embryonic development of Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) are described at a constant temperature (17 ± 1 °C), from fertilisation to hatch in a hatchery. Fertilised eggs, obtained from one female and two males, were held in a flow‐through system. On the first day, embryos were sampled every 20 min during the first 12 h, and every 40 min in the following 12 h. Embryos were sampled hourly on the second day. On the third and fourth days, embryos were sampled every 2 h, and every 3 h on the fifth and sixth days. The first cleavage furrow appeared at 1 h 40 min postfertilisation. Blastulation concluded at 12 HPF (hours postfertilisation), when the dorsal blastopore lip formed. The completion of gastrulation was at 18 HPF, closing of the neural tube at 23 HPF and formation of the s‐shape heart at 31 HPF. The mass hatch occurred at 120 HPF. A. naccarii is a relatively common sturgeon species in aquaculture and possesses similar developmental patterns to those of other sturgeons; hence, we can use this species as a model for further studies about sturgeon species which are more difficult to breed artificially. Information about the embryonic development of the Adriatic sturgeon could assist restocking programmes.
Frozen section diagnosis for non‐melanoma skin cancers: correlation with permanent section diagnosis
Authors: Onajin Oluwakemi , Wetter David A. , Roenigk Randall K. , Gibson Lawrence E. , Weaver Amy L. , Comfere Nneka I.
Published: April 2015

Frozen section pathology is routinely used for margin assessment of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Frozen section can also be used for the primary diagnosis of several skin lesions. Limited data exist on the accuracy of frozen section in the diagnosis of NMSC. We performed a retrospective chart review of 300 cases in which frozen section diagnoses were compared with permanent section diagnoses of NMSC. Frozen section and permanent section pathology were concordant 83.3% of the time, with the highest concordance rates noted for basal cell carcinoma (145/153, 95%). Our results show a high level of concordance between frozen section and corresponding permanent section pathology diagnosis for NMSC. The rapidity of frozen section tissue processing and pathology reporting makes this technique useful in dermatologic practice for immediate diagnosis and management of NMSC. Further studies should explore strategies to decrease or eliminate discrepancies between frozen and permanent section diagnosis.
Oral verruciform xanthoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases
Authors: de Andrade Bruno A. B. , Agostini Michelle , Pires Fábio R. , Rumayor Alicia , Carlos Román , de Almeida Oslei P. , Romañach Mário J.
Published: April 2015

Verruciform xanthoma of the oral cavity is an uncommon benign lesion that usually affects the palate and gingiva mainly as a well‐circumscribed solitary yellowish to whitish plaque or nodule, which is promptly recognized microscopically by identification of sub‐epithelial foamy macrophages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 20 cases of oral verruciform xanthoma. All cases were evaluated by conventional hematoxylin/eosin staining and six of those were submitted to immunohistochemical reactions for CD68, CD63, CD163, syndecan‐1 (CD138), S‐100 protein and cytokeratins (CK) 8, 14 and 19. Oral verruciform xanthoma presented as yellowish papillary nodules affecting mainly the palate (30%), buccal mucosa (30%) and gingiva (25%) of middle‐aged male patients. Most cases presented papillary epithelial hyperplasia and sub‐epithelial foamy cells, which were immunopositive for CD68, CD63 and CD163 in all cases. The orange parakeratin superficial layer was negative for CK14 and presented a distinct granular membrane pattern of positivity for CD138. S‐100 protein, CK8, and CK19 were negative.
Genital soft tissue tumors
Authors: Schoolmeester John K. , Fritchie Karen J.
Published: April 2015

Mesenchymal neoplasms of the vulvovaginal and inguinoscrotal regions are among the most diagnostically challenging specimens in the pathology laboratory owing largely to their unique intersection between general soft tissue tumors and relatively genital‐specific mesenchymal tumors. Genital stromal tumors are a unique subset of soft tissue tumors encountered at this location, and this group includes fibroepithelial stromal polyp, superficial (cervicovaginal) myofibroblastoma, cellular angiofibroma, mammary‐type myofibroblastoma, angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Aside from the striking morphologic and immunophenotypic similarity that is seen with these entities, there is evidence that a subset of genital stromal tumors may be linked genetically. This review will focus on simplifying this group of tumors and provide the pathologist or dermatopathologist with practical management information. Smooth muscle tumors of the external genitalia will also be discussed.
Contribution of longitudinal follow up and clinical pathological correlation in the diagnosis CD30‐positive skin infiltrates
Authors: De Souza Aieska , Carter Joi B. , Harris Nancy L. , Ferry Judith A. , Duncan Lyn M.
Published: April 2015

The diagnosis of a CD30+ cutaneous infiltrate is often difficult and requires clinicopathologic correlation. To further evaluate this challenge, initial clinical and histopathologic diagnoses were correlated with final clinicopathologic diagnosis in 44 cases with CD30 immunopositivity. Dermatopathologic evaluation confirmed the initial clinical diagnosis in 65% of the suspected benign cases, all cases of suspected lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and 72% of clinically malignant cases. In the 25 patients with clinical suspicion for lymphoma, the histopathologic diagnoses included lymphoma in 18, LyP in 2, CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder (CD30 LPD) in 3 and hypersensitivity reaction in 2 patients. Clinicopathologic correlation led to a change in three cases diagnosed histopathologically as anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) reclassified as LyP type C, and one patient diagnosed as CD30 LPD clinically evolved as herpes virus infection. Furthermore, five cases reported as CD30 LPD received more specific diagnoses after clinicopathologic correlation (LyP type C in three, and ALCL in two patients). Clinicopathologic correlation is essential in establishing the correct diagnosis of CD30 LPD, in particular the distinction of ALCL from LyP type C. In this setting, the histopathologic diagnosis of CD30 LPD is advisable in the absence of clinical data.
Endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma: a study of three cases and CK8, CK18 and CD5/6 immunoexpression
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Cassarino David S.
Published: April 2015

Endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma is a cutaneous adnexal tumor that is rarely reported in the literature. We identified only 29 previously reported cases. All these cases share some clinical morphologic and immunohistochemical features. Among the immunohistochemical markers, cytokeratins 5/6, 8 and 18 (CK5/6, CK8 and CK18) had not been previously studied in this tumor. Although studies with cytokeratin Cam5.2 exist, we know at present that this marker does not correspond to antibodies CK8/18, but rather to CK7 and CK8. We studied three examples of endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma with 18 immunostains. Our cases showed an immunoprofile CK8+, CK18+, CK5/6− (or only focally positive), CK7+, GCDFP‐15+ (2 cases), estrogen receptor+, progesterone receptor+, HER2‐, neuron‐specific enolase + (2 cases), anti‐synaptophysin+, chromogranin A +, CD56 variable (1 case +, 1 case−), CD57‐, anti‐human D2‐40‐ (two cases), p63‐ or focally positive, smooth muscle actin + with variable pattern of expression and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expressed in a peripheral discontinuous layer in some nodules, but absent in most.
Early glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and initial glucose‐lowering treatment: a 13‐year population‐based cohort study
Authors: Thomsen R. W. , Baggesen L. M. , Svensson E. , Pedersen L. , Nørrelund H. , Buhl E. S. , Haase C. L. , Johnsen S. P.
Published: April 2015

Aim

To examine real‐life time trends in early glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2012.

Methods

We used population‐based medical databases to ascertain the association between achievement of glycaemic control with initial glucose‐lowering treatment in patients with incident type 2 diabetes in Northern Denmark. Success in reaching glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goals within 3–6 months was examined using regression analysis.

Results

Of 38 418 patients, 91% started with oral glucose‐lowering drugs in monotherapy. Metformin initiation increased from 32% in 2000–2003 to 90% of all patients in 2010–2012. Pretreatment (interquartile range) HbA1c levels decreased from 8.9 (7.6–10.7)% in 2000–2003 to 7.0 (6.5–8.1)% in 2010–2012. More patients achieved an HbA1c target of <7% (<53 mmol/mol) in 2010–2012 than in 2000–2003 [80 vs 60%, adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.13], and more achieved an HbA1c target of <6.5% [(<48 mmol/mol) 53 vs 37%, aRR 1.07 95% CI 1.03–1.11)], with similar success rates observed among patients aged <65 years without comorbidities. Achieved HbA1c levels were similar for different initiation therapies, with reductions of 0.8% (from 7.3 to 6.5%) on metformin, 1.5% (from 8.1 to 6.6%) on sulphonylurea, 4.0% (from 10.4 to 6.4%) on non‐insulin combination therapies, and 3.8% (from 10.3 to 6.5%) on insulin monotherapy.

Conclusions

Pretreatment HbA1c levels in patients with incident type 2 diabetes have decreased substantially, which is probably related to earlier detection and treatment in accordance with changing guidelines. Achievement of glycaemic control has improved, but 20% of patients still do not attain an HbA1c level of <7% within the first 6 months of initial treatment.
Economic restructuring and demographic growth: demystifying growth and development in Northern Song China, 960–1127
Authors: Deng Kent , Zheng Lucy
Published: April 2015

The Northern Song period (960–1127) has been recognized as one of the most important eras in China's economic and demographic history. This study investigates the key factors and mechanisms that led to economic restructuring and wealth generating to support a growing population. By revealing state‐led changes in the economy, it challenges some commonly circulated interpretations of the remarkable economic development and population growth in Northern Song China.