bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Norwich Exile Community and the Dutch Revolt
Authors: JOBY CHRISTOPHER
Published: February 2024

A recent trend in historiography on the Dutch Revolt is to examine the role of transnational networks and how the positions and practices that exiles developed outside the Low Countries contributed to the Revolt and helped to shape the confessional landscape of the emerging Dutch Republic. A recent study by Silke Muylaert (2020) on migrant churches in England engages with this trend. One church that Muylaert analyses is the Flemish church in Norwich. This article builds on work on Norwich by Muylaert and other authors such as Raingard Esser to analyse the transnational networks to which members of the Norwich community belonged and the positions and practices that they developed, which contributed to events before and at the start of the Dutch Revolt, and specifically to shaping the nascent Dutch Reformed Church.

It does so in four ways. First, it analyses the prosopographies of exiles who returned to the Low Countries to participate in sectarian activities in the prelude to the Dutch Revolt. Second, it analyses the role of preachers in disputes that arose amongst the exiles about whether to support armed resistance against the Spanish in the Low Countries. Third, it examines the impact of publications printed in Norwich by exiles in the years immediately before the start of the Dutch Revolt. One important work first printed in Norwich was Den Ziekentroost (Comfort for the Sick), which became a key text for pastoral care in the Dutch Reformed Church. Fourth, the article analyses how exiles in Norwich helped to build up the Dutch Reformed Church and shape the confessional landscape in the Dutch Republic. Amongst the activities they engaged in were preaching, printing, bookselling, and translation.
Fetal growth after fresh and frozen embryo transfer and natural conception: A population‐based register study
Authors: Ageheim Mårten , Skalkidou Alkistis , Bergman Eva , Iliadis Stavros , Lampa Erik , Lindström Linda , Oberg Anna Sara
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate fetal growth trajectories and risks of small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA), and macrosomia in pregnancies after fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET), and natural conception (NC).

Design

Longitudinal population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Swedish national registers.

Population

A total of 196 008 singleton pregnancies between 2013 and 2017.

Methods

Of all singleton pregnancies resulting in live births in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, 10 970 fresh ET, 6520 frozen ET, and 178 518 NC pregnancies with ultrasound data were included. A general least squares model was used to examine the effect of fresh or frozen ET on fetal growth while adjusting for confounders.

Main Outcome Measures

Fetal growth velocity. SGA, LGA and macrosomia.

Results

At 120 days, fetal weights were lower in fresh ET pregnancies compared with NC pregnancies. Thereafter fresh ET as well as FET fetuses had higher fetal weights than NC fetuses, with no differences between themselves until the second trimester. From 210 days, FET fetuses were heavier than fresh ET fetuses, whereas fresh ET fetuses had lower fetal weights than NC fetuses from 245 days. After fresh ET, SGA was more frequent, whereas LGA and macrosomia were less frequent, than after FET.

Conclusions

This study gives new insights into the differences in fetal growth dynamics between fresh and frozen ET and NC pregnancies. Clinically relevant differences in proportions of SGA, LGA and macrosomia were observed.
Compensating for the Indirect Effects of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine – Varied approaches from Bulgaria, Poland and Romania
Authors: Beluhova‐Uzunova Rositsa , Mann Stefan , Prisacariu Maria , Sadłowski Adrian
Published: February 2024

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Union (EU) lifted import tariffs for Ukrainian commodities to maintain Ukrainian exports to the world market. This led to a considerable decrease of prices for cereals and oilseeds in affected Member States. The European Commission has allocated 56 million euros to farmers in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania to compensate them for losses caused by this opening of the EU. This money has been supplemented by another 56 million euros from national budgets. As the funds were insufficient to fully compensate farmers for their losses, the three Member States had to define selective criteria when deciding on the distribution of the funds. Bulgaria opted for acreage‐based compensation payments for sunflower producers, and Romania chose to support farmers storing wheat, thereby excluding smaller producers without storage facilities. Poland compensated a large range of crop producers but cut the amount paid to the largest farms. A comparison of these three approaches is a good case in point for demonstrating the interplay between emergency relief and political priorities of national governments.
Central venous catheter tip misplacement: A multicentre cohort study of 8556 thoracocervical central venous catheterisations
Authors: Ängeby Emilia , Adrian Maria , Bozovic Gracijela , Borgquist Ola , Kander Thomas
Published: February 2024

Background

There is a paucity of data on the incidence of central venous catheter tip misplacements after the implementation of ultrasound guidance during insertion. The aims of the present study were to determine the incidence of tip misplacements and to identify independent variables associated with tip misplacement.

Methods

All jugular and subclavian central venous catheter insertions in patients ≥16 years with a post‐procedural chest radiography at four hospitals were included. Each case was reviewed for relevant catheter data and radiologic evaluations of chest radiographies. Tip misplacements were classified as ‘any tip misplacement’, ‘minor tip misplacement’ or ‘major tip misplacement’. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between predefined independent variables and tip misplacements.

Results

A total of 8556 central venous catheter insertions in 5587 patients were included. Real‐time ultrasound guidance was used in 91% of all insertions. Any tip misplacement occurred (95% confidence interval) in 3.7 (3.3–4.1)% of the catheterisations, and 2.1 (1.8–2.4)% were classified as major tip misplacements. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that female patient gender, subclavian vein insertions, number of skin punctures and limited operator experience were associated with a higher risk of major tip misplacement, whereas increasing age and height were associated with a lower risk.

Conclusions

In this large prospective multicentre cohort study, performed in the ultrasound‐guided era, we demonstrated the incidence of tip misplacements to be 3.7 (3.3–4.1)%. Right internal jugular vein catheterisation had the lowest incidence of both minor and major tip misplacement.
Factors associated with fever after cardiac arrest: A post‐hoc analysis of the FINNRESUSCI study
Authors: Holm Aki , Reinikainen Matti , Kurola Jouni , Vaahersalo Jukka , Tiainen Marjaana , Varpula Tero , Hästbacka Johanna , Lääperi Mitja , Skrifvars Markus B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Fever after cardiac arrest may impact outcome. We aimed to assess the incidence of fever in post‐cardiac arrest patients, factors predicting fever and its association with functional outcome in patients treated without targeted temperature management (TTM).

Methods

The FINNRESUSCI observational cohort study in 2010–2011 included intensive care unit (ICU)‐treated out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients from all five Finnish university hospitals and 14 of 15 central hospitals. This post hoc analysis included those FINNRESUSCI study patients who were not treated with TH. We defined fever as at least one temperature measurement of ≥37.8°C within 72 h of ICU admission. The primary outcome was favourable functional outcome at 12 months, defined as cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1 or 2. Binary logistic regression models including witnessed arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), initial rhythm and delay of return of spontaneous circulation were used to compare the functional outcomes of the groups.

Results

There were 67,428 temperature measurements from 192 patients, of whom 89 (46%) experienced fever. Twelve‐month CPC was missing in 7 patients, and 51 (28%) patients had favourable functional outcome at 12 months. The patients with shockable initial rhythms had a lower incidence of fever within 72 h of ICU admission (28% vs. 72%, p < .01), and the patients who experienced fever had a longer median return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) delay (20 [IQR 10–30] vs. 14 [IQR 9–22] min, p < .01). Only initial non‐shockable rhythm (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.51–5.94) was associated with increased risk of fever within the first 72 h of ICU admission. Neither time in minutes nor area (minutes  degree celsius over threshold) over 37°C, 37.5°C, 38°C, 38.5°C, 39°C, 39.5°C or 40°C were significantly different in those with favourable functional outcome compared to those with unfavourable functional outcome within the first 24, 48 or 72 h from ICU admission. Fever was not associated with favourable functional outcome at 12 months (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.44–1.84).

Conclusions

Half of OHCA patients not treated with TTM developed fever. We found no association between fever and outcome.
Self‐reported clinical features and treatment effectiveness of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome patients from five Latin American countries: A cross‐sectional online survey study
Authors: Alfaro‐Sepúlveda Daniela , Salinas Pía Parra , Valenzuela Fernando , Gonzalez Carmen Gloria , Burckhardt‐Bravo Valentina , Ferrari‐Sande Dominga
Published: February 2024

Background/Objectives

Most studies about Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) are limited to case reports and patients of the same nationality. This study aimed to determine the self‐reported prevalence of signs, symptoms and treatment effectiveness in PLS patients from five Latin American countries.

Methods

An online survey was conducted among adult and paediatric patients from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. Data were collected using multiple‐choice, open‐ended and image‐chooser questions on demographics, signs and symptoms, perceived treatment effectiveness and quality of life.

Results

Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) aged 4–47 years were surveyed. All had palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Other affected sites were the feet and hand dorsum (82.35%), Achilles tendon (88.24%), forearms (58.82%), legs (29.41%) and glutes (23.53%). They frequently presented hyperhidrosis and nail pitting. Four had a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. All used topical treatments, with moderate effectiveness; half used oral retinoids, perceived as highly effective. Most reported decreased quality of life and walking difficulties.

Conclusions

The study's results align with prior research on PLS, but reveal new insights, including the impact on patients' quality of life and a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. These findings warrant consideration in future research and patient care.
Disorientations: The Political Ecology of “Displacing” Floating Communities from Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake
Authors: Chann Sopheak , Beban Alice , Flaim Amanda , Gorman Timothy , Vouch Long Ly
Published: February 2024

In this article, we extend a theory of disorientations to reveal how attempts to fix and control both water and people are disrupting once‐fluid relationships between the Tonle Sap Lake and communities who have lived with‐on the lake for generations. Using ethnographic and participatory mapping methods, we examine the socio‐ecological dynamics that preceded and succeeded in the forced relocation of three floating communities in 2018. We argue that communities’ experiences challenge land‐centric and event‐centric understandings of displacement that pathologise fluid lifeways and fail to account for the materiality of water that has shaped floating villages’ multi‐generational relationships with their wetland ecology. We develop the concept of disorientations to illuminate villagers’ experiences of relocation within a collapsing aquatic ecosystem—a collapse catalysed by state efforts to impose fixity on both hydrological flow and community mobility. The lens of disorientations invites displacement debates to consider materialities of place—whether pulsing water or living, shifting soils.
Contraceptive uptake and compliance after structured contraceptive counseling ‐ secondary outcomes of the LOWE trial
Authors: Bizjak Isabella , Envall Niklas , Emtell Iwarsson Karin , Kopp Kallner Helena , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Highly effective long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods reduce unintended pregnancy rates; however, these methods are underutilized. The LOWE trial intervention provided structured contraceptive counseling resulting in increased uptake of LARC. This longitudinal follow up of the LOWE study assessed the long‐term impact of the intervention by investigating the contraceptive use at 12 months with a focus on continued use of LARC.

Material and methods

In the cluster randomized LOWE trial, abortion, youth, and maternal health clinics were randomized to provide either structured contraceptive counseling (intervention) or standard contraceptive counseling (control). The intervention consisted of an educational video on contraceptive methods, key questions asked by the health care provider, a tiered effectiveness chart and a box of contraceptive models. Women ≥ age 18, who were sexually active or planned to be in the upcoming 6 months, could participate in the study. We assessed self‐reported contraceptive use at three, six and 12 months. Contraceptive choice and switches were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Contraceptive use at 12 months and continued use of LARC were analyzed using mixed logistic regressions, with clinic included as a random effect. Analysis with imputed values were performed for missing data to test the robustness of results.

Results

Overall, at 12 months, women in the intervention group were more likely to be using a LARC method (aOR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.31–2.76) and less likely to be using a short‐acting reversible contraceptive (SARC) method (aOR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.93) compared to the control group. Women counseled at abortion (aOR 2.97, 95% CI: 1.36–6.75) and youth clinics (aOR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08–3.03) were more likely to be using a LARC method, while no significant difference was seen in maternal health clinics (aOR 1.84, 95% CI: 0.96–3.66). Among women initiating LARC, continuation rates at 12 months did not differ between study groups (63.9% vs. 63.7%). The most common reasons for contraceptive discontinuation were wish for pregnancy, followed by irregular bleeding, and mood changes.

Conclusions

The LOWE trial intervention resulted in increased LARC use also at 12 months. Strategies on how to sustain LARC use needs to be further investigated.
Maternal and neonatal group B streptococcus colonisation: A systematic review and the meta‐analysis of matched‐pair studies
Authors: Lee Kai Wei , Yap Sook Fan , Murdan Sudaxshina , Zainudin Zurina , Abdul Hamid Habibah , Emamjomeh Mohsen , Mohd Desa Mohd Nasir , Sither Joseph Narcisse Mary , Azmai Amal Mohammad Noor , Amin‐Nordin Syafinaz
Published: February 2024

Aim

To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) carriage among parturient women and neonates, and the relative risk of vertical transmission, the relative risk of early and late‐onset GBS and the pooled incidence of early‐late‐onset GBS infection.

Methods

A systematic search of relevant cohort studies from three electronic databases to identify all relevant studies published up to 7 November 2022. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Estimates were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses.

Results

A total of 54 articles with 355 787 matched pairs of parturient women and neonates from 30 countries were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of GBS colonisation was 17.1% among the pregnant women and 1.0% among neonates. The pooled prevalence of vertical transmission of GBS was 4.5% and the pooled relative risk of GBS colonisation of neonates born to mothers with GBS was 9.9.

Conclusion

We support the implementation of targeted intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for all women who are positive for GBS as well as women with risks factors for early onset GBS in their infants regardless of their GBS colonisation status.
Astrocyte‐derived Interleukin‐31 causes poor prognosis in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Jiang Rui , Lu Zhichao , Wang Chenxing , Tu WenJun , Yao Qi , Shen Jiabing , Zhu Xingjia , Wang Ziheng , Chen Yixun , Yang Yang , Kang Kaijiang , Gong Peipei
Published: February 2024

The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is increasing every year, with very high rates of mortality and disability. The prognosis of elderly ICH patients is extremely unfavorable. Interleukin, as an important participant in building the inflammatory microenvironment of the central nervous system after ICH, has long been the focus of neuroimmunology research. However, there are no studies on the role IL31 play in the pathologic process of ICH. We collected para‐lesion tissue for immunofluorescence and flow cytometry from the elderly and young ICH patients who underwent surgery. Here, we found that IL31 expression in the lesion of elderly ICH patients was significantly higher than that of young patients. The activation of astrocytes after ICH releases a large amount of IL31, which binds to microglia through IL31R, causing a large number of microglia to converge to the hematoma area, leading to the spread of neuroinflammation, apoptosis of neurons, and ultimately resulting in poorer recovery of nerve function. Interfering with IL31 expression suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes the recovery of neurological function. Our study demonstrated that elderly patients release more IL31 after ICH than young patients. IL31 promotes the progression of neuroinflammation, leading to neuronal apoptosis as well as neurological decline. Suppression of high IL31 concentrations in the brain after ICH may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Jiayi , Liu Zheran , Su Yonglin , Peng Xingchen , Xie Yuping
Published: February 2024

Background

The poor overall prognosis of radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer is an inevitable challenge in managing this disease. A series of trials have demonstrated the antitumor activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR‐DTC). However, the available evidence cannot determine the optimal choice of TKI in RAIR‐DTC.

Methods

This study searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and the ClinicalTrials website. The Cochrane bias risk tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and to evaluate randomized clinical trials (RCT) of RAIR‐DTC patients treated with the TKI system. Outcomes, including progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were reported.

Results

Seven studies involving 1310 patients with RAIR‐DTC was conducted to compare the PFS and OS of various TKI monotherapies with placebo. The results showed that all TKI monotherapies had a statistically significant benefit in terms of PFS compared with placebo, with lenvatinib demonstrating the greatest benefit (hazard ratio [HR] 0.19, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.14–0.25). In terms of OS, only apatinib (HR 0.42, 95% CrI 0.18–0.97) and anlotinib (HR 0.36, 95% CrI 0.18–0.73) showed statistically significant benefits compared with placebo. TKIs also had a higher incidence of AEs of grade 3 or higher compared with placebo. The findings suggest that lenvatinib may be the preferred TKI for the treatment of RAIR‐DTC, although its high incidence of AEs should be considered. The results also indicate that TKI treatment may be similarly effective in RAIR‐DTC patients with BRAF or RAS mutations and in those with papillary or follicular subtypes of the disease, regardless of prior TKI treatment.

Conclusions

The results of this meta‐analysis suggest that targeted therapy with TKIs may be beneficial for patients with radioiodine‐refractory advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Among the TKIs analyzed, lenvatinib appeared to be the most effective at improving PFS, although it also had the highest incidence of AEs. Further research through direct randomized controlled trials is needed to determine the optimal choice of TKI for treating patients with RAIR‐DTC. This study is beneficial for formulating patients' treatment plans and guides clinicians' decision‐making.
miR615‐3p inhibited FBLN1 and osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by associated with YTHDF2 in a m6A‐miRNA interaction manner
Authors: Yang Haoqing , Wang Wanqing , Liu Huina , Zhang Chen , Cao Yangyang , Long Lujue , Han Xiao , Wang Yuejun , Yan Fei , Li Guoqing , Zhu Mengyuan , Jin Luyuan , Fan Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

To investigate the role and mechanism of FBLN1 in the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration by using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJCMSCs). We found that FBLN1 promoted osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and WJCMSC‐mediated bone regeneration. It was showed that there was an m6A methylation site in 3′UTR of FBLN1 mRNA, and the mutation of the m6A site enhanced the stability of FBLN1 mRNA, subsequently fostering the FBLN1 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. YTHDF2 was identified as capable of recognizing and binding to the m6A site, consequently inducing FBLN1 instability and repressed the osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs. Meanwhile, miR‐615‐3p negatively regulated FBLN1 by binding FBLN1 3′UTR and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of WJCMSCs and WJCMSC‐mediated bone regeneration. Then, we discovered miR‐615‐3p was found to regulate the functions of FBLN1 facilitated by YTHDF2 through an m6A‐miRNA regulation mechanism. We demonstrated that FBLN1 is critical for regulating the osteogenic differentiation potentials of WJCMSCs and have identified that miR615‐3p mediated the decay of FBLN1 mRNA which facilitated by m6A reading protein YTHDF2. This provided a novel m6A‐miRNA epigenetic regulatory pattern for MSC regulation and bone regeneration.
Updates in head and neck cytopathology: Insights from European Congress of Pathology Short Course
Authors: Kholová Ivana , Chandra Ashish , Faquin William C. , Rupp Niels J. , Touska Philip , O'Regan Esther
Published: February 2024

Cytological specimens play a pivotal role in head and neck nodule/mass work up and diagnoses. The specimens´ importance has grown with the onset of personalized medicine and the routine use of molecular markers in the diagnostic work up. The Updates in Head and Neck Cytopathology Short Course ran during the 35th European Congress of Pathology held in Dublin, Ireland, in 2023 and brought together experts in cytopathology, pathology, and related fields to share their expertise and experience in the field of head and neck cytopathology and its future directions. Topics such as a one‐stop clinic, the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology, next generation sequencing, and human papilloma virus detection in the head and neck area were covered during the short course. These topics are briefly summarized in the present review.
Hypothalamic control of body fat mass by food intake: The key to understanding why obesity should be treated as a disease
Authors: Purnell Jonathan Q. , le Roux Carel W.
Published: February 2024

Background

Hypothalamic centres have been recognized to play a central role in body weight regulation for nearly 70 years.

Aims

In this review, we will explore the current undersanding of the role the hypothalamus plays in controlling food intake behaviours.

Materials and Methods

Review of relevant literature from PubMed searches and review article citations.

Results

Beginning with autopsy studies showing destructive hypothalamic lesions in patients manifesting hyperphagia and rapid weight gain, followed by animal lesioning studies pinpointing adjacent hypothalamic sites as the ‘satiety’ centre and the ‘feeding’ centre of the brain, the neurocircuitry that governs our body weight is now understood to consist of a complex, interconnected network, including the hypothalamus and extending to cortical sites, reward centres and brainstem. Neurons in these sites receive afferent signals from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue indicating food availability, calorie content, as well as body fat mass.

Discussion

Integration of these complex signals leads to modulation of the two prime effector systems that defend a body fat mass set point: food intake and energy expenditure.

Conclusion

Understanding the hypothalamic control of food intake forms the foundation for understanding and managing obesity as a chronic disease.
ACAD10 is not required for metformin's metabolic actions or for maintenance of whole‐body metabolism in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Yew Michael J. , Heywood Sarah E. , Ng Joe , West Olivia M. , Pal Martin , Kueh Andrew , Lancaster Graeme I. , Myers Stephen , Yang Christine , Liu Yingying , Reibe Saskia , Mellett Natalie A. , Meikle Peter J. , Febbraio Mark A. , Greening David W. , Drew Brian G. , Henstridge Darren C.
Published: February 2024

Aim

Acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase family member 10 (ACAD10) is a mitochondrial protein purported to be involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. Metformin is the most prescribed therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, its precise mechanisms of action(s) are still being uncovered. Upregulation of ACAD10 is a requirement for metformin's ability to inhibit growth in cancer cells and extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, it is unknown whether ACAD10 plays a role in metformin's metabolic actions.

Materials and Methods

We assessed the role for ACAD10 on whole‐body metabolism and metformin action by generating ACAD10KO mice on a C57BL/6J background via CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. In‐depth metabolic phenotyping was conducted in both sexes on a normal chow and high fat‐high sucrose diet.

Results

Compared with wildtype mice, we detected no difference in body composition, energy expenditure or glucose tolerance in male or female ACAD10KO mice, on a chow diet or high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet (p ≥ .05). Hepatic mitochondrial function and insulin signalling was not different between genotypes under basal or insulin‐stimulated conditions (p ≥ .05). Glucose excursions following acute administration of metformin before a glucose tolerance test were not different between genotypes nor was body composition or energy expenditure altered after 4 weeks of daily metformin treatment (p ≥ .05). Despite the lack of a metabolic phenotype, liver lipidomic analysis suggests ACAD10 depletion influences the abundance of specific ceramide species containing very long chain fatty acids, while metformin treatment altered clusters of cholesterol ester, plasmalogen, phosphatidylcholine and ceramide species.

Conclusions

Loss of ACAD10 does not alter whole‐body metabolism or impact the acute or chronic metabolic actions of metformin in this model.
Risk factors for homelessness and housing instability in the first episode of mental illness: Initial findings from the AMONT study
Authors: Roy Laurence , Leclair Marichelle , Crocker Anne G. , Abdel‐Baki Amal , de Benedictis Luigi , Bérubé Felix‐Antoine , Thibeault Esther , Latimer Eric , Roy Marc‐André
Published: February 2024

Aim

People living with mental illness are more likely than the general population to experience adverse housing outcomes, including homelessness. The aim of the current study is to examine residential status when participants have their first contact with mental health services, and the correlates of residential status at that moment.

Methods

First‐time mental health service users were recruited from seven clinical sites across Québec. Data on residential status at entry in the project, as well as demographic, clinical and social variables, were collected using self‐report and interviewer‐rated questionnaires. Participants were classified as ‘Homeless’, ‘At risk of homelessness’ and ‘Stably Housed’, and correlates of residential status were identified through multivariate logistic regression and unbiased recursive partitioning.

Results

Among the 478 participants, 206 (43.1%) were in stable housing, 171 (35.8%) were at risk of homelessness and 101 (21.1%) were classified as homeless. Placement in a youth protection facility was strongly associated with adverse housing outcomes, while having a high school diploma and more social support were associated with more stable housing situations.

Conclusions

First‐time mental health service users are likely to experience a range of adverse housing situations, indicating the potential for clinical sites to implement homelessness primary prevention strategies. Factors related to family, foster care and schooling seem to be particularly salient in understanding risk of homelessness in first‐time mental health service users, calling for intersectoral action to prevent adverse psychosocial outcomes in this population.
Anticipating future threats: Evidence for association, but not interaction, of childhood adversity and identity development with threat anticipation in adolescence
Authors: Samaey Celine , Lecei Aleksandra , Achterhof Robin , Hagemann Noëmi , Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Reininghaus Ulrich , Boets Bart , Myin‐Germeys Inez , van Winkel Ruud
Published: February 2024

Aim

Childhood adversity may result in a negative expectation of future interactions with others, also referred to as ‘threat anticipation’. It may also negatively impact on identity development, which subsequently may influence how individuals deal with their environment. Here, we examine the hypotheses that (1) identity synthesis is associated with reduced anticipation of threat, whereas the opposite would be true for identity confusion, and (2) that identity confusion exacerbates the association between childhood adversity and threat anticipation.

Methods

One thousand nine hundred and thirteen adolescents from the general population (mean age = 13.8 years, SD = 1.86, range = 11–20) completed self‐report questionnaires assessing exposure to childhood adversity, identity development and threat anticipation.

Results and Discussion

Identity development was significantly associated with threat anticipation in the expected direction: identity synthesis was associated with reduced anticipation of threat (β = −.0013, p < .001), whereas identity confusion was association with increased threat anticipation (β = .0017, p < .001). Furthermore, childhood adversity was positively associated with threat anticipation (β = .0018, p < .001). However, no evidence for an interaction effect of identity on the association between childhood adversity and threat anticipation was found, suggesting childhood adversity and identity development have an independent rather than synergistic effect on threat anticipation.

Conclusion

The current study illustrates the importance of exposure to childhood adversity and identity development for threat anticipation in adolescence. Further research is needed to clarify how both factors influence each other within a developmental framework.
Identification of distinct clinical profiles and trajectories in individuals at high risk of developing psychosis: A latent profile analysis of the north American prodrome longitudinal study consortium‐3 dataset
Authors: Bergé Daniel , Carter Cameron S. , Smucny Jason
Published: February 2024

Aim

People at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are a heterogeneous population in regard to clinical presentation and outcome. It is unclear, however, if their baseline clinical characteristics can be used to construct orthogonal subgroups that differ in their clinical trajectory to provide early identification of individuals in need of tailored interventions.

Methods

We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to determine the number of distinct clinical profiles within the CHR population using the NAPLS‐3 dataset, focusing on the clinical features incorporated in the NAPLS psychosis risk calculator (including age, unusual thought content and suspiciousness, processing speed, verbal learning and memory function, social functioning decline, life events, childhood trauma, and family history of psychosis). We then conducted a between‐profile comparisons of clinical trajectories based on psychotic and depressive symptoms as well as substance use disorder (SUD) related features over time.

Results

Two distinct profiles emerged. One profile, comprising approximately 25% of the sample, was significantly older, displayed better cognitive performance, experienced more types of traumatic and undesirable life events, exhibited a greater decline in functioning in the past year, and was more likely to have relatives with psychosis. This group showed worse positive symptoms and SUD‐related features over time, although groups did not differ in the proportion of individuals who developed psychosis.

Conclusions

LPA results suggest CHRs can be segregated into two profiles with different clinical trajectories. Characterizing individuals within these clinical profiles may help understand the divergent outcomes of this population and ultimately facilitate the development of specialized interventions.
Benzodiazepines for pediatric epilepsies and their risks in a cohort within the French health care data
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Guillo Sylvie , de Rycke Yann , Tran Diep , Tubach Florence
Published: February 2024

Objective

The management of antiseizure treatment in patients with epilepsy relies on the benefit–risk ratio. Data on antiseizure medication (ASM) use in children are limited. We described antiseizure medication use in children with epilepsy (CwE) in France, with a focus on the chronic use of benzodiazepines and related implications.

Methods

We conducted a 5‐year cohort study from January 2012, using data from the French national health care data system (Système National des Données de Santé). We included CwE identified through International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes and medications from January 2012 to December 2015 and followed them until December 2016. We described ASMs and assessed whether the risk of initiating a polytherapy after a bitherapy depends on whether benzodiazepine was included in the bitherapy.

Results

We identified 62 885 CwE. Valproate was the most reimbursed ASM (40%), followed by lamotrigine (17.6%), levetiracetam (9.3%), clobazam (6.1%), and carbamazepine (5.8%). Prescriptions were initiated at the hospital in 74.5% of CwE. We observed a decrease in the number of CwE with at least one benzodiazepine reimbursement from 15.3% in 2013 to 10.1% in 2016 (p < .0001). The prevalence of CwE with levetiracetam reimbursements increased, whereas that of CwE with valproate decreased. A switch from a bitherapy to a polytherapy was more likely when the bitherapy included a benzodiazepine (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 1.20 [1.03–1.39]).

Significance

The prevalence of CwE with at least one benzodiazepine reimbursement decreased during the study period. Benzodiazepines were associated with an increased use of subsequent ASM polytherapy.
A nonlinear lifetime prediction method for un‐ and low alloyed steels by damage determination based on non‐destructive measurement techniques
Authors: Weber Fabian , Maul Moritz , Juner Florian , Starke Peter
Published: February 2024

Materials used in nuclear power plants are exposed to cyclic loading, which is why the understanding of fatigue behaviour is of great importance. Because of high time investments and resulting increased costs, Lifetime Prediction Methods, which significantly reduce the amount of specimen, have already been developed. Within this paper, the Lifetime Prediction Method MiDAcLifeincr is presented, which enables a determination of a trend S‐N curve in the High‐Cycle‐Fatigue‐regime based on only one fatigue test and the combination of conventional fatigue testing with NDT‐related measurement techniques. The process‐orientated monitoring of the cyclic deformation behaviour provides the basis for the time‐ and cost‐effective provision of fatigue data. Compared with previous methods, the consideration of variable loading is an essential aspect of the research application. The test material is a 20MnMoNi5‐5 steel, the results of which are extended to include other steels for validation reasons.
Comparative evaluation of fatigue life estimation under variable amplitude loading through damage models based on entropy
Authors: Rodríguez‐Reyes Víctor I. , Abúndez‐Pliego Arturo , Petatan‐Bahena Kevin E. , Miranda‐Acatitlan Kevin R. , Colín‐Ocampo Jorge , Blanco‐Ortega Andrés
Published: February 2024

Three fatigue damage models based on entropy, originally developed for constant amplitude loading, were assessed and compared to each other aimed at stating whether its applicability can be extended towards variable amplitude loading conditions. A variable amplitude loading history, applied on a 2024‐T3 aluminum alloy reported in the literature, was processed using both rainflow cycle counting and spectral techniques to transform it into a distribution of simple processes with constant amplitudes, then the damage models were assessed under the new loading conditions. The results showed that the model by Khonsari, combined with the rainflow technique, exhibited the highest accuracy with regard to the referenced experimental results with a −0.67 standard deviation from the average data and a 16% error from the median. Therefore, it is possible to assess the fatigue damage accumulation in metallic materials under variable amplitude loading through a thermodynamic approach with models developed for constant amplitude loading.
Fish aggregations at oil and gas platform foundations in the North Sea
Authors: Ibanez‐Erquiaga Bruno , Baktoft Henrik , Wilms Tim , Mildenberger Tobias Karl , Svendsen Jon Christian
Published: February 2024

Globally, aging offshore oil and gas (O&G) platforms face resource depletion, and regulations often demand platform removal through decommissioning. In the North Sea, >€90 billion will be needed for decommissioning by 2060. However, the influence of O&G platforms on fish communities is poorly understood. This challenges predictions of possible fisheries scenarios associated with different decommissioning options. Here, we examined the role that North Sea platforms played on fish communities. We explored patterns of fish abundance and body size variation along transects from O&G platforms comparing catch per unit effort data. Fish abundance was positively associated with O&G platforms. Atlantic cod, plaice, saithe, and mackerel were most abundant near platforms. Similarly, larger Atlantic cod were near the O&G platforms. Our study provided information for decision‐making regarding platform decommissioning scenarios by evidencing O&G platform habitat provisioning for various commercial fish species.
A warming western boundary current increases the prevalence of commercially disruptive parasites in broadbill swordfish
Authors: Bolin Jessica A. , Evans Karen , Schoeman David S. , Spillman Claire M. , Moore Thomas S. , Hartog Jason R. , Cummins Scott F. , Scales Kylie L.
Published: February 2024

Meat quality is of paramount importance in the fisheries and aquaculture industries, but the quality of seafood can be affected by environmental variability and change, creating uncertainties in the delivery of consistent, high‐end product. Reports from fishers operating in an Australian fishery catching broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius) suggest that anomalously warm waters are linked with myoliquefaction of muscle tissue. The condition affects the marketability of fish by turning the meat into a soft, mushy texture post‐mortem and is caused by infection by the myxozoan parasite Kudoa musculoliquefaciens. Here, we combine microscopy, molecular techniques and ecological modelling to explore potential environmental drivers of the prevalence and intensity of K. musculoliquefaciens in swordfish, as a first step in understanding how a warming ocean might exacerbate the risk of harvesting an infected swordfish and the resultant potential risk of myoliquefaction. We develop predictive dynamic risk surfaces on seasonal timescales, with results revealing both the likelihood of harvesting an infected swordfish and the intensity of parasite load increase during the Austral summer. The prevalence of the parasite further increases in the region dominated by the East Australian Current, when locally warm areas are atypically cool and when average monthly temperatures are more variable. These findings provide information useful in predicting the conditions under which the risk of harvesting infected swordfish might be intensified, enabling adaptation to climate change impacts and optimisation of decision‐making when fishing under risky conditions.
Bird species' tolerance to human pressures and associations with population change
Authors: Marjakangas Emma‐Liina , Johnston Alison , Santangeli Andrea , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: February 2024

Aim

Some species thrive in human‐dominated environments, while others are highly sensitive to all human pressures. However, standardized estimates of species' tolerances to human pressures are lacking at large spatial extents and taxonomic breadth. Here, we quantify the world's bird species' tolerances to human pressures. The associated precision values can be applied to scientific research and conservation.

Location

Global.

Time Period

2013–2021.

Major Taxa Studied

6090 bird species.

Methods

We used binary observation data from eBird and modelled species' occurrences as a function of the Human Footprint Index (HFI). With these models, we predicted how likely each species was to occur under different levels of human pressures. Then, we calculated each species' Human Tolerance Index (HTI) as the level of the HFI where predicted occurrence probability was reduced to 50% of the maximum species' occurrence probability. We used resampling to obtain estimates of uncertainty of the Human Tolerance Indices. We also compared tolerances across species with increasing, stable, and decreasing population trends.

Results

We found that 22% of the bird species tolerated the most modified human‐dominated environments, whereas 0.001% of species only occurred in the intact environments. We also found that HTI varied according to species' population trend categories, whereby species with decreasing population trends had a lower tolerance than species with increasing or stable population trends.

Main Conclusions

The estimated HTI indicates the potential of species to exist in a landscape of intensifying human pressures. It can identify species unable to tolerate these environments and inform subsequent conservation efforts. We found evidence that species' sensitivity to human‐dominated environments may be driving birds' use of space. Bird species' tolerances are also linked to their population trends, making the tolerances a relevant addition to conservation planning.
Long‐term effects of childhood difficulties on depressive symptoms among older adults: Role of adulthood income and income satisfaction
Authors: Lee Seolah , Kang Miseon , Lee Jungup , Lee Hyo Jung
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study examines how childhood difficulties are associated with late‐life depression. Using the concept of agency within the structure of the life course perspective, this study investigates how subjective income satisfaction in adulthood plays a role in the relationship between adulthood objective income and late‐life depressive symptoms among older adults who have experienced childhood difficulties.

Methods

Using data from two waves (2006, 2021) of the Korean Welfare Panel Study (N = 1822), we identified respondents with and without childhood difficulties, and performed a series of hierarchical zero‐inflated Poisson regression models.

Results

Childhood difficulties (β, 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04–0.11), adulthood low income (β, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.13–0.21), and low income satisfaction (β, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12–0.21) are associated with an increased level of depressive symptoms in late life. In the context of the association between objective income level and late‐life depressive symptoms, the buffering effect of income satisfaction in adulthood was found among the respondents who had experienced childhood difficulties (β, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09–0.34).

Conclusions

Childhood difficulties are a critical risk factor impacting late‐life psychological well‐being. How an individual subjectively evaluates his or her economic status in adulthood plays a major role in mitigating the negative impact of childhood difficulties on late‐life health inequality. Interventions to reduce the risk of childhood difficulties and their negative long‐lasting impact may alleviate individuals' exposure to depression in late life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 246–252.
Low hemoglobin levels are associated with compromised muscle health: Insights from a post‐stroke rehabilitation cohort
Authors: Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Nagano Fumihiko , Matsumoto Ayaka , Shimazu Sayuri , Shiraishi Ai , Kido Yoshifumi , Bise Takahiro , Kuzuhara Aomi , Hori Kota , Hamada Takenori , Yoneda Kouki , Maekawa Kenichiro
Published: February 2024

Aim

There is limited evidence concerning the association between anemia and alterations in muscle health among hospitalized older patients. We aimed to evaluate the associations between baseline hemoglobin (Hb) levels and changes in muscle function in patients undergoing rehabilitation after stroke.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included consecutive hospitalized post‐stroke patients. Data on serum Hb level were extracted from medical records on tests performed within 24 h of admission. The main outcomes were discharge score for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) obtained through bioimpedance analysis and the corresponding change in SMI during hospitalization. Other outcomes were handgrip strength (HGS) at discharge and the alteration in HGS during hospitalization. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between Hb levels at admission and outcomes of interest, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Data from 955 patients (mean age 73.2 years; 53.6% men) were included in the analysis. The median Hb level at admission was 13.3 [11.9, 14.5] g/dL. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the baseline Hb level was significantly and positively associated with SMI at discharge (β = 0.046, P = 0.039) and with SMI gain (β = 0.010, P = 0.039). Further, the baseline Hb level was independently and positively associated with HGS at discharge (β = 0.058, P = 0.014) and with its change from baseline (β = 0.100, P = 0.014).

Conclusion

Diminished baseline Hb levels were demonstrated be correlated with compromised muscle health in patients after stroke. Evaluating anemia at the outset serves as a crucial prognostic indicator. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 305–311.