bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐B DNA conformations as determinants of mutagenesis and human disease
Authors: Bacolla Albino , Wells Robert D.
Published: March 2009

Repetitive DNA motifs may fold into non‐B DNA structures, including cruciforms/hairpins, triplexes, slipped conformations, quadruplexes, and left‐handed Z‐DNA, thereby representing chromosomal targets for DNA repair, recombination, and aberrant DNA synthesis leading to repeat expansion or genomic rearrangements associated with neurodegenerative and genomic disorders. Hairpins and quadruplexes also determined the relative abundances of simple sequence repeats (SSR) in vertebrate genomes, whereas strong base stacking has permitted the expansion of purine·pyrimidine‐rich SSR during evolutionary time. SSR are enriched in regulatory and cancer‐related gene classes, where they have been actively recruited to participate in both gene and protein functions. SSR polymorphic alleles in the population are associated with cancer susceptibility, including within genes that appear to share regulatory circuits involving reactive oxygen species. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Checkpoint responses to unusual structures formed by DNA repeats
Authors: Voineagu Irina , Freudenreich Catherine H. , Mirkin Sergei M.
Published: March 2009

DNA sequences that are prone to adopting non‐B DNA secondary structures are associated with hotspots of genomic instability. The fine mechanisms by which alternative DNA structures induce phenomena such as repeat expansions, chromosomal fragility, or gross chromosomal rearrangements are under intensive studies. It is well established that DNA damage checkpoint responses play a crucial role in maintaining a stable genome. It is far less clear, however, whether and how the checkpoint machinery responds to alternative DNA structures. This review discusses the role of the interplay between DNA damage checkpoints and alternative DNA structures in genome maintenance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic instabilities of (CCTG)·(CAGG) and (ATTCT)·(AGAAT) disease‐associated repeats reveal multiple pathways for repeat deletion
Authors: Edwards Sharon F. , Hashem Vera I. , Klysik Elzbieta A. , Sinden Richard R.
Published: March 2009

The DNA repeats (CTG)·(CAG), (CGG)·(CCG), (GAA)·(TTC), (ATTCT)·(AGAAT), and (CCTG)·(CAGG), undergo expansion in humans leading to neurodegenerative disease. A genetic assay for repeat instability has revealed that the activities of RecA and RecB during replication restart are involved in a high rate of deletion of (CTG)·(CAG) repeats in E. coli. This assay has been applied to (CCTG)·(CAGG) repeats associated with myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) that expand to 11 000 copies and to spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) (ATTCT)·(AGAAT) repeats that expand to 4500 copies in affected individuals. DM2 (CCTG)·(CAGG) repeats show a moderate rate of instability, less than that observed for the myotonic dystrophy type 1 (CTG)·(CAG) repeats, while the SCA10 (ATTCT)·(AGAAT) repeats were remarkably stable in E. coli. In contrast to (CTG)·(CAG) repeats, deletions of the DM2 and SCA10 repeats were not dependent on RecA and RecB, suggesting that replication restart may not be a predominant mechanism by which these repeats undergo deletion. These results suggest that different molecular mechanisms, or pathways, are responsible for the instability of different disease‐associated DNA repeats in E. coli. These pathways involve simple replication slippage and various sister strand exchange events leading to deletions or expansions, often associated with plasmid dimerization. The differences in the mechanisms of repeat deletion may result from the differential propensity of these repeats to form various DNA secondary structures and their differential proclivity for primer–template misalignment during replication. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monozygotic female twins discordant for phenotype of Wilson's disease
Authors: Członkowska Anna , Gromadzka Grażyna , Chabik Grzegorz
Published: March 2009

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the functional disruption of the copper‐transporting protein adenosine triphosphatase 7B (ATP‐ase 7B). The disease is caused by mutations in ATP7B gene. It seems that the type of mutation in ATP7B only to some degree determines phenotypic manifestation of WD. We examined two pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for WD phenotype. The first set of twins were ATP7B compound heterozygotes c.3207C>A (p.H1069Q)/c.1211_1212insA (p.N404Kfs). The index case developed severe liver failure followed by depressive symptoms, dysarthria, and tremor at the age of 36. Her sister remained presymptomatic at diagnosis at the age of 39. The second twins were ATP7B c.3207C.A (p.H1069Q) homozygotes. The index case presented with dysarthria and tremor at the age of 26. Her sister remained clinically presymptomatic at diagnosis at the age of 28. We concluded that the phenotypic characteristics of WD are possibly attributable to epigenetic/environmental factors. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Determinants of quality of life in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Bernard Bryan A. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Siegel Sandra , Schultz Theresa M. , Hays Cynthia , Morrissey Mary J. , Leurgans Sue , Goetz Christopher G.
Published: March 2009

The objective of this study is to assess the association between tic severity, attention deficit disorder, obsessive‐compulsive behavior, and quality of life (QOL) in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). GTS is a multidimensional disorder with disturbances in motor function and behavior. However, little is known about what variables are associated with QOL in these patients. We evaluated 56 outpatients with a diagnosis of GTS. The mean age was 10 (range 5–17 years). Tics were assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Behavioral scales included the Leyton Obsessional Inventory—Child Version, Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY‐BOCS), and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) rating scale. The patient's parent also completed the TNO‐AZL Children's Quality of Life scale (TACQOL). YGTSS scores ranged from 4 to 30, indicating mild to moderate tic severity. Motor and phonic tic ratings were not correlated with QOL. However, both ADHD and OCD were significantly related to QOL. Subanalysis of ADHD subtypes demonstrated that inattentiveness but not hyperactivity predicted lower QOL. When ADHD, Leyton OCD, and tic severity were considered simultaneously, tic severity remained non‐significant, while both ADHD and OCD remained significant contributors to QOL. In summary, in patients with mild to moderate GTS, QOL relates primarily to co‐morbidities of ADHD and obsessive‐compulsive behavior. ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms, rather than hyperactivity symptoms, was associated with lower QOL. To improve QOL, clinicians must consider treatments of co‐morbidities among tic patients. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Stacked circular patch antenna with dual right/left hand circular polarization for wideband applications in X band
Authors: Masa‐Campos J. L. , Casla Sanz E. , Sierra‐Pérez M. , Fernandez J. M.
Published: March 2009

A broadband circularly polarized patch antenna is presented in X band. The antenna operates simultaneously with left/right or right/left hand circular polarization in both reception (7.25–7.9 GHz) and transmission bands (7.9–8.4 GHz). A double coaxial probe feed has been implemented, as well as, a 90° branch‐line coupler to obtain the desired circular polarization. The undesired effects of the coaxial probe feed in such a broadband structure have been studied and compared with previously published works. Single element antenna and 2 × 2 array prototypes have been designed, manufactured, and measured. Good axial ratio, radiation pattern, and reflection results have been obtained. The improvement in the isolation between polarizations is exposed for the next step in the project schedule. The presented array will be part of a portable base station TX/RX antenna for satellite communications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1419–1424, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24340
A CPW‐fed band‐notched slot antenna for UWB applications
Authors: Chiu Chien‐Wen , Li Chia‐Shan
Published: March 2009

This article presents a band‐notched planar slot antenna presented to overcome interference with some already existing standards such as the IEEE802.11a and HYPERLAN/2 systems. The slot antenna, evolved from an elliptical aperture antenna, is fed by CPW with an elliptical tuning‐stub to achieve UWB characteristics. This slot antenna, using open‐end slits on the tuning stub or a pair of parasitic strips in the aperture, is then designed to reject the sub‐band between 5 and 6 GHz. Practical structures are fabricated and the measured results show that this antenna not only retains an ultrawide bandwidth but also has band‐rejection capability. In addition, its radiation pattern preserved the omni‐directional feature, meeting the UWB system requirements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1587–1592, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24343
A six‐phase divide‐by‐3 injection locked frequency divider in SiGe BiCMOS technology
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Shen Kuan‐Chun , Chang Chia‐Wei , Juang Miin‐Horng
Published: March 2009

This article presents a six‐phase silicon‐germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor divide‐by‐3 injection locked frequency divider (ILFD). The ILFD is based on a three‐stage differential ring oscillator (voltage controlled oscillators) and was fabricated in the 0.35 μm SiGe 3P3M BiCMOS technology. The divide‐by‐3 function is performed by injecting a differential signal to the common gates of injection MOSFETs with the drain/sources connected to the VCO outputs. Measurement results show that when the supply voltage Vdd is tuned from 1.4 V to 2 V, the divider free‐running oscillation frequency is tunable from 6.2 GHz to 3.58 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the operation locking range is about 8.3 GHz, from the incident frequency 18.8 to 10.5 GHz. The core power consumption is 8.96 mW at Vdd = 1.4 V. The die area is 0.802 × 0.812 mm2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1555–1557, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24345
Design, fabrication, simulation, and measurement of a dual‐band, planar, compact artificial magnetic conductor
Authors: Li Yading , Johnston Benjamin F. , Withford Michael J. , Esselle Karu P.
Published: March 2009

By introducing two orthogonal gaps to a uniplanar compact photonic bandgap structure, artificial magnetic conductor's resonance frequencies have been significantly reduced. Since this compact pattern needs slots with 0.05‐mm width, the laser micromachining was explored to fabricate the prototypes. Reflection coefficients were measured through a WR‐137 waveguide. Considering the dominant waves propagating in a waveguide, a simulation method is introduced. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1524–1527, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24346
Wideband vertical transitions for multilayer BCB‐based MCM
Authors: Ding Xiaoyun , Geng Fei , Luo Le
Published: March 2009

Four wideband vertical transitions between transmission lines for multilayer benzocyclobutene‐based multichip module are presented for the first time. Their back‐to‐back configurations are designed and fabricated. The RF transition characteristics are simulated, measured, and analyzed. The measurement results reveal minor differences between these transitions, and low return loss and insertion loss can be obtained up to 40 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1584–1587, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24354
Small‐size printed loop antenna for penta‐band thin‐profile mobile phone application
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chen Wei‐Yu
Published: March 2009

A planar printed loop antenna with a small area of 15 × 50 mm2 and capable of covering all five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for WWAN (wireless wide area network) operation in the thin‐profile mobile phone is presented. The antenna is very suitable to be directly printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone, making it easy to fabricate at low cost and generally showing no thickness above the circuit board; the latter is very attractive for thin‐profile mobile phone applications. In addition, the proposed loop antenna is very suitable to be printed at the bottom position of the mobile phone; in this case the antenna meets the SAR (specific absorption rate) limit for practical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1512–1517, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24359
A position‐invariant calibration‐independent method for permittivity measurements
Authors: Hasar U. C. , Inan O. E.
Published: March 2009

A simple yet powerful calibration‐independent method is proposed for complex permittivity extraction of dielectric materials. There are two main features of the method as follows: (a) it decreases any uncertainty arising from using a second (extra) sample and (b) it does not require precise location of the sample within its cell (a waveguide or coaxial‐line section). The disadvantage of the method is that it may produce some singularity points while extracting the complex permittivity from measurements. We validated the method by calibrated and uncalibrated complex scattering parameter measurements of a polyvinyl‐chloride (PVC) sample at X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1406–1408, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24364
Low‐profile X antenna with flat reflector for polarization diversity applications
Authors: Hristov H. D. , Carrasco H. , Feick R. , Ooi B. L.
Published: March 2009

Folded‐wire X antenna with two feed ports is introduced, which can operate like a half‐wave dipole, or array of two crossed dipoles depending on whether one or two ports are fed. The low‐profile location of 1.8‐GHz X antenna in front of flat plate makes a compact reflector antenna with a good input match in about 5% frequency band, gain of 8.5–9.0 dBi, and big inter‐port and cross‐polar isolations. The applications may include earth and satellite communication systems with polarization diversity action. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1508–1512, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24371
Design of a protective garment GPS antenna
Authors: Vallozzi L. , Vandendriessche W. , Rogier H. , Hertleer C. , Scarpello M.
Published: March 2009

A protective garment patch GPS antenna, for wearable textile systems applications, was designed and, for the first time in literature, realized in fire‐resistant and water‐repellent textile materials, making it particularly suitable for integration into rescue workers' garments. Measurements show that the antenna still performs adequately even when covered with protective textiles, and when integrated into a jacket, worn on the human body. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1504–1508, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24372
Circularly polarized dielectric resonator‐loaded circular microstrip patch antennas for WLAN 2.4 GHz applications
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Long , Deng Sheng‐Ming , Chen Tsung‐Wen , Liu Li‐Wei
Published: March 2009

Dielectric resonator‐loaded circular microstrip patch antennas can be used as an alternative way to generate circular polarization. The dielectric resonator is placed on the edge of the circular microstrip patch antenna to result both strong coupling effect and two degenerated orthogonal modes. Then, we choose the feeding point, the placed position and size of DR, and the height of antenna as key tuning parameters; both wide circular polarization and impedance matching are achieved. Application is given for WLAN 2.4 GHz band. Both simulated and measured data are matched well. Measured results show that the center frequency is at 2.45 GHz. The impedance bandwidth is 19.2%. Besides, the axial ratio bandwidth is 3.7% (2.39–2.48 GHz). The radiation patterns are broadside radiations and high antenna gain of 8.6 dBic is achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1470–1473, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24373
Air‐bridge‐integrated stub filter for submillimeter wave applications
Authors: Gu Dazhen , Rodriguez‐Morales Fernando , Yngvesson Sigfrid K.
Published: March 2009

We report a coplanar waveguide notch filter with an integrated air‐bridge, designed for operation at submillimeter wave frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. The filter is built with a planar slot‐ring antenna, which is in turn loaded with a superconducting mixer detector. The filter is designed to have a narrow‐band response with 40 dB of attenuation at 1.56 THz. The fabrication of the micrometer‐scale structure was accomplished by means of UV photolithography and electroplating. The optimized microelectronic fabrication process produced high yields and good reliability. Preliminary measurements of a submillimeter wave receiver based on this design showed satisfactory performance of the filter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1436–1439, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24375
Concurrent dual‐band GaN power amplifier with compact microstrip matching network
Authors: Bespalko D. T. , Boumaiza S.
Published: March 2009

A concurrent dual‐band power amplifier (PA) using circuit transformations in the design of the dual‐band matching networks (MN) are outlined and a transmission line compression technique is used reduce the insertion loss of the MNs. A 10‐W Gallium Nitride based PA operating concurrently at 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz is compared with the performance of the equivalent single‐band PAs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1604–1607, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24380
A 2.4 GHz highly linear image‐rejection low noise amplifier by using an active inductor
Authors: Li Jain‐Yi , Chang Chin‐Sheng , Lin Wen‐Jeng , Chen Han‐Jan , Chen Lih‐Shan , Houng Mau‐Phon
Published: March 2009

This article presented a highly linear image‐rejection (IR) low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for 2.4 GHz band applications based on 0.18 μm CMOS technology. By using folded PMOS for sinking the third‐order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), the IR LNA has high input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) at 2.4 GHz. The IR filter, using a high quality factor (Q) active inductor, has 30 dB rejection for 1.6 GHz image band with intermediate frequency of 400 MHz. An IIP3 of +10 dBm was obtained with a gain of 16.8 dB, noise figure (NF) of 2.5 dB, and power consumption of 12 mW. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1570–1573, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24381
Broadband array antenna with Marchand balun for 5.8 GHz band notched UWB application
Authors: Ma Q. , Sun B.‐H. , Li J.‐F. , Liu Q.‐Z.
Published: March 2009

A two‐element ultra wideband array antenna with a 5.8 GHz band‐notch function is proposed. A novel Marchand balun feeding structure is chosen for its great merit of the equi‐amplitude and 180° phase difference signals, making the omni‐directional of radiation pattern much better. A simple u‐shape slot is inserted into the radiating patch to create a frequency band‐stop characteristic. The measured VSWR less than 2 is from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, and the frequency notch band is from 5.7 to 5.9 GHz. The measured results agree well with the simulated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1537–1539, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24384
Cylindrical metamaterial‐based subwavelength antenna
Authors: Erentok Aycan , Kim Oleksiy S. , Arslanagic Samel
Published: March 2009

A subwavelength monopole antenna radiating in the presence of a truncated cylindrical shell, which has a capped top face and is made of a negative permittivity metamaterial, is analyzed numerically by a method of moments for the volume‐surface integral equation on the one hand, and a finite element method on the other hand. It is shown that a center‐fed truncated cylinder, in contrast to an infinite cylinder, provides subwavelength resonances, thus suggesting the possibility of having a subwavelength antenna system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1496–1500, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24386
A highly linear and efficient two‐stage GaN HEMT asymmetrical Doherty amplifier for WCDMA applications
Authors: Lee Yong‐Sub , Lee Mun‐Woo , Jeong Yoon‐Ha
Published: March 2009

In this article, we propose a highly linear and efficient two‐stage GaN HEMT asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) for WCDMA applications. The first‐stage driving DPA not only improves the linearity as the predistortion circuit but also reduces the power consumption in the driving stage. The second‐stage main ADPA is optimized to achieve high efficiency at a 10‐dB back‐off power. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1464–1467, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24387
Highly directive ISM band cavity antenna using a bi‐layered metasurface reflector
Authors: Burokur Shah Nawaz , Ourir Abdelwaheb , Daniel Jean‐Pierre , Ratajczak Philippe , de Lustrac André
Published: March 2009

The design of a highly directive metamaterial‐based cavity antenna for a 2.46 GHz application is reported. The proposed structure is evolved from a Fabry‐Perot (FP) cavity with a patch antenna acting as the feed and four metallic walls on the lateral sides. One of the two reflectors is the antenna's ground plane and the other is made from a bilayered metamaterial‐based partially reflecting surface (PRS) constituted by a capacitive and an inductive grid. Calculations together with experimental results obtained from the fabricated prototype are presented. The results show a high directivity and low levels for the secondary lobes compared to a 2 × 2 patch antenna array. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1393–1396, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24391
A reconfigurable cavity backed antenna for circular polarization diversity
Authors: Luo Guo Qing , Sun Ling Ling
Published: March 2009

This letter describes the concept and realization of a low‐profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backed antenna with circular polarization diversity. Four shorting posts are placed at the extended center lines of the crossed‐slot. Diodes are utilized to switch the shorting posts on and off. A simple bias circuit is presented to electronically control biased states of the diodes. By switching the biased states the proposed antenna can generate either a right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP) or a left‐hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation. Samples operating at 10 GHz have been fabricated. Experiments have been carried out to validate the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1491–1493, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24393
Compact coplanar waveguide bandpass filter using loaded split‐ring resonator
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Liu Haiwen
Published: March 2009

A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) band‐pass filter using a cross‐coupled λ/4 resonator with loaded split‐ring resonators (SRRs) is introduced in this letter. The proposed filter exhibits a quasi‐elliptic function response and its circuit size occupies only 12 × 11.8 mm2(≈0.21λg× 0.20λg). Also, a simple equivalent circuit model is set up. A good agreement between simulations and measurements verify the proposed filter and the validity of design methodology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1565–1568, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24396
Low power concurrent compact dual‐band receiver front‐end using 0.18‐μm CMOS process
Authors: Cheng Kuo‐Hua
Published: March 2009

A fully monolithic dual‐band concurrent receiver front‐end chip for IEEE 802.11a/b/g applications is presented using 0.18‐μm CMOS 1P6M technology. This dual‐band receiver front‐end design uses sub‐harmonic mixer and only one multi‐modulus synthesizer. This low IF circuit design has the advantage of low‐cost and low‐power as comparing with the direct conversion architecture. For a 1.8 V power supply, the overall power consumptions is 66.1 mW. The overall receiver‐chain noise figures are 2.8 dB and 4.3 dB; P1db are −28dBm and −27dBm at 2.45 GHz and 5.25 GHz, and voltage gain is 28.5 dB and 28.1 dB, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1527–1530, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24399
A planar rhombic antenna with a broad circular polarization bandwidth for integrated single chip radio transceivers
Authors: Yu Ang , Yang Fan , Elsherbeni Atef Z.
Published: March 2009

A planar antenna with a broadband circular polarization is proposed for integrated single chip radio transceivers. The antenna uses a printed dual loop structure with a coplanar strip feed, which is compatible with millimeter wave packaging technology. The concept is verified by the measured results of a prototype antenna. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1493–1496, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24400
Study on discontinuous microstrip periodic slow‐wave structure
Authors: He Jun , Wang Bing‐Zhong , Shao Wei
Published: March 2009

In this article, several discontinuous microstrip periodic slow‐wave structures, which possess equal electrical length but different number of unit cells, have been designed and measured. The performance of the periodic structure improves when the number of unit cells increases. However, when the number of unit cells increases to some degree, its characteristics, including cutoff frequency, dispersion, and group delay, get better slightly because of the influence of parasitic parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1455–1458, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24402
Neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Riggio Silvana , Wong Meredith
Published: March 2009

The neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury consist of a spectrum of somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The neuropsychiatric symptoms are divided into cognitive and behavioral presentations. In the literature, these neurobehavioral sequelae have been called postconcussive symptoms, postconcussive syndrome, and postconcussive disorder; however, the authors of this review do not use this terminology because the symptoms are not restricted to patients with concussion but instead can be found in all traumatic brain injury patients of all injury severities. The development of neurobehavioral sequelae after traumatic brain injury is a multifactorial process. The patient evaluation requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to delineate physiologic dysfunction and place deficits in the context of the patient's preinjury and postinjury psychiatric status. Consequently, the evaluation of the posttraumatic brain injury patient with neurobehavioral sequelae requires a carefully structured history and physical examination with an emphasis on neurological and psychiatric function. Adjunctive evaluations must be tailored to the patient with neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropsychiatric testing. Maximized outcomes may be achieved by the performance of a careful and detailed assessment that places complaints within the context of the individual. Mt Sinai J Med 76:163–172, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Blast‐related mild traumatic brain injury: mechanisms of injury and impact on clinical care
Authors: Elder Gregory A. , Cristian Adrian
Published: March 2009

Mild traumatic brain injury has been called the signature injury of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. In both theaters of operation, traumatic brain injury has been a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, with blast‐related injury the most common cause. Improvised explosive devices have been the major cause of blast injuries. It is estimated that 10% to 20% of veterans returning from these operations have suffered a traumatic brain injury, and there is concern that blast‐related injury may produce adverse long‐term health affects and affect the resilience and in‐theater performance of troops. Blast‐related injury occurs through several mechanisms related to the nature of the blast overpressure wave itself as well as secondary and tertiary injuries. Animal studies clearly show that blast overpressure waves are transmitted to the brain and can cause changes that neuropathologically are most similar to diffuse axonal injury. One striking feature of the mild traumatic brain injury cases being seen in veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan is the high association of mild traumatic brain injury with posttraumatic stress disorder. The overlap in symptoms between the disorders has made distinguishing them clinically challenging. The high rates of mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder in the current operations are of significant concern for the long‐term health of US veterans with associated economic implications. Mt Sinai J Med 76:111–118, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: assessment to treatment
Authors: Tsaousides Theodore , Gordon Wayne A.
Published: March 2009

Cognitive rehabilitation refers to a set of interventions that aim to improve a person's ability to perform cognitive tasks by retraining previously learned skills and teaching compensatory strategies. Cognitive rehabilitation begins with a thorough neuropsychological assessment to identify cognitive strengths and weaknesses and the degree of change in cognitive ability following a brain injury. The conclusions of the assessment are used to formulate appropriate treatment plans. Common interventions for improvements in attention, memory, and executive function, as well as the nature of comprehensive programs, which combine treatment modalities, are reviewed. Cognitive rehabilitation is effective for mild‐to‐severe injuries and beneficial at any time post‐injury. Sufficient evidence exists supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, which has become the treatment of choice for cognitive impairments and leads to improvements in cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Mt Sinai J Med 76:173–181, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Neurorehabilitation in traumatic brain injury: does it make a difference?
Authors: Greenwald Brian D. , Rigg John L.
Published: March 2009

Each year, 1.4 million people in the United States are seen in a hospital for a traumatic brain injury. Those with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury frequently go through a course of inpatient neurorehabilitation prior to discharge back into the community. A broad overview of neurorehabilitation is presented, including the standards for admission to inpatient rehabilitation and the members and roles of the neurorehabilitation team. Common medical complications that are managed after moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury are reviewed. The spectrum of arousal issues is summarized. The evidence regarding neurorehabilitation is then reviewed. Future studies that are underway to better understand the utility of neurorehabilitation are then discussed. Mt Sinai J Med 76:182–189, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Management of traumatic brain injury: first link in chain of survival
Authors: Minardi Joseph , Crocco Todd J.
Published: March 2009

Traumatic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The prehospital care of the patient with a traumatic brain injury is critical to maximizing the chances for a good outcome. Prehospital management of the traumatic brain injury patient is directed toward preventing and limiting secondary brain injury while facilitating rapid transport to an appropriate facility capable of providing definitive neurocritical care. Key points in management include the assessment of oxygenation, blood pressure, and mental status (as measured with the Glasgow Coma Scale) and the pupillary examination. Treatment strategies are directed toward maintaining adequate oxygenation and perfusion and treating herniation. Judicious use of temporary hyperventilation and hypertonic saline are considerations. This review provides the most recent evidence regarding the treatment of traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting and introduces areas in need of future research. Mt Sinai J Med 76:138–144, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
NPO branding: preliminary lessons from major players
Authors: Keller Eileen Weisenbach , Dato‐on Mary Conway , Shaw Doris
Published: March 2009

Are nonprofits (NPOs) exhibiting the brand orientation believed to be critical to successful outcomes? To answer this question, we investigate the brand orientation and brand management of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), American Red Cross (ARC), and The Salvation Army to assess the implementation of brand concepts in two different locations within the USA compared to each agency's central body. Despite the support of some propositions, there exists inconsistent evidence of strong brand management in the organizations studied. The variation of brand visuals, missions, and taglines indicates that good structure, policy, and guidelines are not enough. There must be true brand orientation, which includes oversight of consistent application of all brand constructs to achieve organizational goals. This study provides a framework upon which future in‐depth empirical research may be based. The authors outline these next steps as a foundation for enhancing the study and practice of brand management in NPOs.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway: a signature genetic defect in posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytomas
Authors: Forshew Tim , Tatevossian Ruth G , Lawson Andrew RJ , Ma Jing , Neale Geoff , Ogunkolade Babatunji W , Jones Tania A , Aarum Johan , Dalton James , Bailey Simon , Chaplin Tracy , Carter Rowena L , Gajjar Amar , Broniscer Alberto , Young Bryan D , Ellison David W , Sheer Denise
Published: March 2009

We report genetic aberrations that activate the ERK/MAP kinase pathway in 100% of posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytomas, with a high frequency of gene fusions between KIAA1549 and BRAF among these tumours. These fusions were identified from analysis of focal copy number gains at 7q34, detected using Affymetrix 250K and 6.0 SNP arrays. PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of five KIAA1549–BRAF fusion variants, along with a single fusion between SRGAP3 and RAF1. The resulting fusion genes lack the auto‐inhibitory domains of BRAF and RAF1, which are replaced in‐frame by the beginning of KIAA1549 and SRGAP3, respectively, conferring constitutive kinase activity. An activating mutation of KRAS was identified in the single pilocytic astrocytoma without a BRAF or RAF1 fusion. Further fusions and activating mutations in BRAF were identified in 28% of grade II astrocytomas, highlighting the importance of the ERK/MAP kinase pathway in the development of paediatric low‐grade gliomas. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ΔNp63 isoforms differentially regulate gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma: identification of Cox‐2 as a novel p63 target
Authors: Boldrup Linda , Coates Philip J , Gu Xiaolian , Nylander Karin
Published: March 2009

The p53 homologue p63 produces six different isoforms that are important in development of epithelial tissues and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). In SCCHN, the expression of p63 isoforms is highly complex, with over‐expression of ΔNp63 and p63β isoforms in many tumours. To date, little is known about the functions of different ΔNp63 isoforms and elucidating the distinctive properties of ΔNp63 isoforms will help to clarify how they influence tumour biology. By gene expression profiling of SCCHN cells over‐expressing the ΔNp63 isoforms we identified different effects of the three isoforms, with ΔNp63β being more effective at gene induction than ΔNp63α and ΔNp63γ, whereas ΔNp63γ was most effective at repressing gene expression. Thus, tumours expressing even low levels of ΔNp63β or ΔNp63γ may have distinct clinicopathological characteristics important for metastasis and therapeutic response. Induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) was shown by each isoform and data were confirmed by independent quantitative RT–PCR and western blotting. No direct binding of ΔNp63 to the Cox‐2 promoter could be seen, neither could any evidence for Cox‐2 induction as a consequence of activated NF‐κB pathway responses be found. As Cox‐2 is known to inhibit radiotherapy responses in SCCHN patients, data indicate an additional mechanism through which ΔNp63 acts to promote cell survival and influence therapeutic response of SCCHN. MIAME‐compliant data have been deposited in the MIAME Express database (Accession No. E‐MEXP‐1842). Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative cell signalling analysis reveals down‐regulation of MAPK pathway activation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Gulmann Christian , Sheehan Katherine M , Conroy Ronán M , Wulfkuhle Julia D , Espina Virginia , Mullarkey Michelle J , Kay Elaine W , Liotta Lance A , Petricoin III Emanuel F
Published: March 2009

Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) are considered to play significant roles in colonic carcinogenesis and kinase inhibitor therapy has been proposed as a potential tool in the treatment of this disease. Reverse‐phase microarray assays using phospho‐specific antibodies can directly measure levels of phosphorylated protein isoforms. In the current study, samples from 35 cases of untreated colorectal cancer colectomies were laser capture‐microdissected to isolate epithelium and stroma from cancer as well as normal (i.e. uninvolved) mucosa. Lysates generated from these four tissue types were spotted onto reverse‐phase protein microarrays and probed with a panel of antibodies to ERK, p‐ERK, p38, p‐p38, p‐JNK, MEK and p‐MEK. Whereas total protein levels were unchanged, or slightly elevated (p38, p = 0.0025) in cancers, activated isoforms, including p‐ERK, p‐p38 and p‐JNK, were decreased two‐ to four‐fold in cancers compared with uninvolved mucosa (p < 0.0023 in all cases except for p‐JNK in epithelium, where decrement was non‐significant). This was backed up by western blotting. Dukes' stage B and C cancers displayed lower p‐ERK and p‐p38 expression than Dukes' stage A cancers, although this was not statistically significant. It is concluded that MAPK activity may be down‐regulated in colorectal cancer and that further exploration of inhibitory therapy in this system should be carefully evaluated if this finding is confirmed in larger series. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, and foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene terephthalate) blend
Authors: Yuan Hua , Liu Zhiyong , Ren Jie
Published: March 2009

In resent years, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams have been studied to replace traditional polymer foams in packaging field. Unfortunately, the foaming rate of PLA is low due to its low viscosity and elasticity. To overcome these shortcomings, a biodegradable polyester, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) was blended with PLA to improve melt properties of PLA. Additionally, maleic anhydride (MAH) and 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di‐(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane (L101) were added to improve the compatibility of PLA with PBAT. The blends were extruded into foams using a twin‐screw extruder. The properties of extrudates were characterized by FTIR, DSC, ARES Rheometer, and SEM. The results show that complex viscosity of PLA/PBAT blend increases by nearly 100% compared with pure PLA. Meanwhile, cell structure of foamed PLA/PBAT blend is much larger and the distribution of cells is more homogenous. The foaming rate of PLA/PBAT blend foams is raised by nearly 50% than that of pure PLA foams. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of resin compositions on microwave processing and thermophysical properties of benzoxazine‐epoxy‐phenolic ternary systems filled with silicon carbide (SiC) whisker
Authors: Jubsilp Chanchira , Takeichi Tsutomu , Hiziroglu Salim , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: March 2009

Microwave processing of silicon carbide (SiC) whisker filled ternary systems based on benzoxazine, epoxy, and phenolic resins has been investigated using an industrial microwave apparatus at a fixed frequency of 2.45 GHz. The low viscosity molding compound and void‐free cured specimens can easily be obtained from the resin mixtures. Increasing of epoxy mass fraction in the ternary systems provided a better microwave coupling, therefore, a faster curing time and higher conversion under microwave irradiation. However, the greater amount of epoxy resin in the mixture was observed to retard the traditional thermal cure process as seen in the shifting of the exothermic curing peaks to higher temperature. The higher dielectric constant of epoxy resin comparing with the benzoxazine resin can be attributed to the observed phenomenon. Additionally, benzoxazine fraction was found to render a reduction in linear thermal expansion coefficient of the ternary systems. The development of ternary systems yields the polymer systems with high flexibility in resin‐curing agent mixing ratios with relatively high Tg in the broader range of mixing ratios i.e., BEP451‐BEP811. Synergism in glass transition temperature of the ternary systems is also observed with the maximum Tg up to 160°C in BEP721. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Physical activity in cancer survivors: a field in motion
Authors: Courneya Kerry S.
Published: March 2009

Physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior in almost any population but it may be particularly helpful for cancer survivors.

Objective: To introduce this special issue on PA in cancer survivors and to provide a summary of its important contributions to the field.

Methods: A brief historical review of PA research in cancer survivors followed by a narrative review of the articles published in this special issue.

Results: This special issue contains 13 original articles reporting 15 studies on PA in cancer survivors. Just over half of the studies focus on breast cancer survivors, whereas the remainder focus on understudied cancer survivor groups such as lung, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, hematologic, and pediatric. Moreover, a majority of the studies focus on the survivorship phase of the cancer continuum. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this special issue is the number of studies focusing on the determinants of PA. Taken together, the 13 articles make significant contributions in four areas: (1) randomized controlled trials of PA interventions with supportive care endpoints, (2) observational studies on the determinants of PA, (3) observational studies on the ‘determinants of PA determinants’, and (4) studies on methodological and feasibility issues related to conducting PA trials.

Conclusions: PA research is making an important contribution to the health and well‐being of cancer survivors across the entire cancer control continuum. This special issue builds on this momentum and provides the single largest collective contribution of knowledge to date in the field of PA in cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting the string theory dual to QCD
Authors: Kiritsis E.
Published: March 2009

Input from QCD and string theory is used in order to elucidate basic features of the string theory dual of QCD, It is argued that the relevant string theory is a five‐dimensional version of the type‐0 superstring. The vacuum solution is asymptotically AdS5, and the geometry near the boundary is stringy. The structure of YM perturbation theory however emerges near the boundary. In the IR, the theory is argued to be well‐approximated by a two‐derivative truncation that takes into account strong coupling effects. This explains the success of previously proposed five‐dimensional Eistein‐dilaton gravity with an appropriate potential to describe salient features of the strong YM dynamics.
Supersymmetric non‐Abelian black holes and monopoles in Einstein‐Yang‐Mills SUGRAs
Authors: Hübscher M. , Meessen P. , Ortín T. , Vaulà S.
Published: March 2009

We discuss the construction of non‐Abelian black holes and globally regular monopole solutions to N = 2 d = 4 EYM theories. Special emphasis is put on how the attractor mechanism works for the non‐Abelian black holes.
Study of bisphosphonates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry – influence of alkali atoms on fragmentation patterns
Authors: Guénin Erwann , Lecouvey Marc , Hardouin Julie
Published: March 2009

1‐Hydroxymethylene‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acids (or bisphosphonates) are compounds that have interesting pharmacological applications. However, few mass spectrometric investigations have been carried out to determine their fragmentation patterns. Herein, we evaluated different matrices for the study by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) of the formation and fragmentation of the protonated, the cationized (MNa+ and MK+) and the deprotonated bisphosphonates. Some in‐source fragmentations were observed both in positive and in negative ion modes. The fragmentation patterns obtained in post‐source decay mode are also discussed. In contrast to previous electrospray ionization/multi‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) studies, some new fragmentation pathways were deduced and the effects of alkali ions on the fragmentation patterns were shown. The results summarized here completed the data previously recorded by ESI‐MSn and could be used for the characterization of bisphosphonates as alkali complexes in biological mixtures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating uncertainty in the calculation of non‐exchangeable hydrogen fractions within organic materials
Authors: Chesson Lesley A. , Podlesak David W. , Cerling Thure E. , Ehleringer James R.
Published: March 2009

We calculated the fraction of exchangeable hydrogen atoms in proteinaceous materials commonly analyzed for stable isotopic composition related to the region‐of‐origin of an animal. These included several types of α‐ and β‐keratin, and muscle tissue. We find that the fraction of H atoms in keratin available for exchange at a biologically relevant temperature (25°C) averaged 9% across a range of ground organic materials, but was as high as ∼17% in cut hair; muscle tissue has ∼12% exchangeable H atoms. Under most analysis conditions, the difference in exchangeable fractions due to physical sample processing has a minimal effect on the calculated δ2H values of the non‐exchangeable H atoms within a keratin‐containing tissue (<2‰). However, extreme mismatches between sample and reference material types could affect δ2H values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.