bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective Memory and the Dutch East Indies
Authors: Doolan Paul
Published: September 2021

Collective Memory and the Dutch East Indies: Unremembering Decolonization examines the afterlife of decolonization in the collective memory of the Netherlands. It offers a new perspective on the cultural history of representing the decolonization of the Dutch East Indies, and maps out how a contested collective memory was shaped. Taking a transdisciplinary approach and applying several theoretical frames from literary studies, sociology, cultural anthropology and film theory, the author reveals how mediated memories contributed to a process of what he calls "unremembering." He analyses in detail a broad variety of sources, including novels, films, documentaries, radio interviews, memoirs and historical studies, to reveal how five decades of representing and remembering decolonization fed into an unremembering by which some key notions were silenced or ignored. The author concludes that historians, or the historical guild, bear much responsibility for the unremembering of decolonization in Dutch collective memory.
Epidemiology and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Lee Kang-Moon
Published: September 2021

Background: Over the past three decades, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been rapidly increasing in the African, South American, and Asian countries, including Korea. However, in Korea, the public awareness of IBD remains low, and diagnostic delay is not uncommon due to the physicians' lack of clinical experience. It is essential to understand the trends and regional differences in the epidemiology of IBD for proper diagnosis and treatment.Current Concepts: Although lower than those of the West, the prevalence and incidence of IBD in Korea rank among the highest in Asia and are steadily increasing. In the past 10 years, the prevalence of IBD has almost doubled, while its incidence has decreased gradually. As compared to Western IBD patients, Korean patients have higher proportion of proctitis in ulcerative colitis, male predominance, more ileocolonic involvement, and higher incidence of perianal fistula in Crohn disease. There is no single gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD. Thus, diagnosis can be made by clinical evaluation, including a detailed history taking, physical examination, and a combination of endoscopic, radiologic, laboratory, and histologic findings.Discussion and Conclusion: Population-based studies have revealed the current trends and characteristics of the epidemiology of IBD in Korea. Continued education and development of diagnostic tools will help clinicians to diagnose IBD accurately and differentiate it from other diseases such as intestinal tuberculosis.
Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: focusing on 5-aminosalicylates and immunomodulators
Authors: Kim You Sun
Published: September 2021

Background: Recently, the incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased worldwide, including in Korea. Although there has been considerable progress in the management of IBD following the discovery of biologic agents, 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) and immunomodulators are still considered cornerstones in the management of mild to moderate IBD.Current Concepts: 5-ASA plays a key role in inducing remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. High doses of 5-ASA are more effective in inducing remission in patients with moderate ulcerative colitis, and combination therapy of oral 5-ASA and topical 5-ASA agents is recommended. Although the effect of 5-ASA in patients with Crohn disease is limited, high doses of 5-ASA can be effective for patients with mild disease, inflammatory behavior, and colonic involvement. Maintaining remission is essential for patients with IBD. Good doctor-patient relationships and encouraging drug adherence are recommended. Regarding drug adherence, a once-daily regimen is preferred for patients’ satisfaction. Thiopurines, the most important immunomodulators, show therapeutic benefits, such as steroid-sparing effects and remission maintenance in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease after induction therapy. However, several side effects, including severe leukopenia, can induce the discontinuation of thiopurines. Close monitoring and management decisions should be individualized according to the risk of relapse and adverse events.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, 5-ASA and immunomodulators are cornerstones in the management of IBD. As such, clinicians should have knowledge of these drugs and patients’ characteristics for proper prescription.
Anesthesiologist’s role as a communication coordinator of perioperative medicine: stressing the recognition of role in the changing medical atmosphere
Authors: Yon Jun Heum , Kang Bong Jin
Published: September 2021

Background: Perioperative care process in a hospital is considerably complex, involving multiple subprocesses, healthcare professionals, and systems in support of surgical care. The perioperative process is often the primary source of hospital admissions, driving the dominant part of hospital margins and accounts for a major part of all adverse events occurring in hospitals. The recent trend stresses the importance of adopting patient-centered and quality-proven care in many medical fields. Further, the emphasis on changing from fee-for-service to fee-for-value is increasing. These changes present challenges to anesthesiologists who play a central role in perioperative medicine.Current Concepts: Anesthesiologists are in contact with many surgeons and patients and are positioned to improve clinical outcomes. They need to have up-to-date, evidence-based knowledges on perioperative clinical management and know-how to apply, organize and practice them into efficient pathways for optimal outcomes. To accomplish such purposes, anesthesiologists need to acquire communication skills to reason and convincing related personnel including surgeons and patients.Discussion and Conclusion: The recent changing climate of perioperative medicine calls upon anesthesiologists to acquire knowledges driving quality care and demands the application of communicative skills to accomplish the required tasks.
The effects of COVID-19 on physician’s burnout: a systematic review
Authors: Kang Min Ji , Park Jeong Hun
Published: September 2021

Background: To suggest measures to prevent burnout of physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we conducted a systematic review of research on physician burnout due to COVID-19.Methods: Three foreign databases were used: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A search was performed using the following search terms: COVID-19, coronavirus, NCOV, physicians, doctors, residents, and burnout. Four rounds of review were performed to enhance the consistency of quality assessment. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies.Results: A total of 465 studies were identified, of which 32 were selected. The quality assessment determined that 19 studies met the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria and had a low risk of bias. The most common tool used to measure physician burnout in the 32 studies was the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Conclusion: This study systematically evaluated the literature on physician burnout. However, the generalizability of our findings to Korean physicians may be limited. The composition of the medical personnel in Korea, such as open doctors, volunteer doctors, medical professors, and public health doctors, differs significantly from that of other countries. Nevertheless, evaluating the current status of physician burnout due to COVID-19 globally may hold meaningful implications for policymaking.
TẦN SUẤT VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ ĐỘC LỰC CỦA HELICOBACTER PYLORI Ở BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM DẠ DÀY MẠN
Authors: Hồng Khánh Phạm , Thị Huyền Trang Trần , Quang Duật Nguyễn , Văn Khiên Vũ
Published: September 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiễm H. pylori đã được khẳng định là nguyên nhân chủ yếu gây viêm dạ dày mạn và loét dạ dày - tá tràng và đặc biệt là ung thư dạ dày. Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu về tần tần suất nhiễm H. pylori và tỷ lệ cagA, vacA ở bệnh nhân viêm dạ dày mạn. Đối tượng & phương pháp: Chẩn đoán VDDM dựa trên nội soi và mô bệnh học. Chẩn đoán nhiễm H. pylori dựa trên: Nuôi cấy, mô bệnh học và CLO test. Xét nghiệm cagA và vacA bằng kỹ thuật PCR tại khoa Sinh học phân tử- Bệnh viện TWQĐ 108. Kết quả: Có 121 bệnh nhân VDDM được đưa vào nghiên cứu, với tuổi trung bình là: 45,2 ± 11,8 (18-78 tuổi), tỷ lệ: nữ/nam = 1,16. Tỷ lệ H. pylori ở bệnh nhân viêm dạ dày mạn là: 77/121 (63,7%). Tỷ lệ cagA dương tính đạt: 70/71 (98,6%), trong đó tỷ lệ  cagA Đông Á chiếm: 67/71 (94,4%). Tỷ lệ vacAs1 chiếm: 71/71 (100%). Phân bố các týp vacA:  vacAs1 m1, vacAs1 m2 và vacA i1 chiếm tỷ lệ tương ứng là: 46,5%; 50,7% và 94,4%. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ các gen vacA, cagA tăng cao hơn ở bệnh nhân viêm dạ dày mạn có nhiễm Helicobacter pylori.
GÁNH NẶNG NHIỆT CỦA NHÂN VIÊN Y TẾ VÀ CÁN BỘ PHÒNG CHỐNG DỊCH TRONG TRANG PHỤC PHÒNG DỊCH
Authors: Thu Hà Nguyễn , Văn Toàn Trần , Đức Sơn Nguyễn
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá gánh nặng nhiệt của nhân viên y tế và cán bộ phòng chống dịch trong trang phục phòng dịch. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 30 nhân viên làm việc với trang phục quần áo phòng dịch trong 4 giờ liên tục được ghi liên tục nhiệt độ bên trong và ngoài bộ quần áo phòng dịch bằng gắn Dataloger; đo nhiệt độ trung tâm, nhiệt độ da, khối lượng mồ hôi, (trước - sau khi làm việc) và phỏng vấn cảm giác nhiệt. Kết quả: - 97,1% thời gian nhiệt độ bên trong cao hơn nhiệt độ bên ngoài bộ quần áo phòng dịch từ 0,50C đến 4,50C. - Có sự tăng nhiệt độ da, nhiệt độ dưới lưỡi, khối lượng mồ hôi ở nhân viên làm việc trong trang phục quần áo phòng dịch (p<0,05-p<0,001) sau lao động so với trước lao động. - Cảm giác “nóng” và “rất nóng”; cơ thể ở mức “rất khó chịu” và “không thể chịu đựng nổi” tăng dần theo từng giờ, tỷ lệ thuận với thời gian mặc quần áo phòng dịch. 93,4% có cảm giác “nóng” và “rất nóng”; một nhân viên phải dừng thử nghiệm và phải xử lý vấn đề về sức khỏe. Kết luận: Mặc quần áo phòng dịch khi làm việc ảnh hưởng bất lợi tới sức khỏe.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM CỦA BỆNH NHÂN ĐA U TỦY CÓ KHUẾCH ĐẠI 1q21 TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUYỀN MÁU HUYẾT HỌC
Authors: Thùy Anh Trần , Kim Thạnh Phạm , Tấn Bỉnh Nguyễn , Thị Xinh Phan
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, xét nghiệm lúc chẩn đoán và đặc điểm di truyền của bệnh nhân đa u tủy có khuếch đại NST 1q. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu cắt ngang mô tả hàng loạt ca. Đối tượng: 95 bệnh nhân đa u tủy mới chẩn đoán tại bệnh viện truyền máu huyết học thỏa tiêu chuẩn chọn mẫu trong khoảng thời gian từ 1/2017 đến 12/2020. Kết quả và bàn luận: Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân mang khuếch đại NST 1q là 29,5% (n = 28). Trong số các bất thường về lâm sàng, triệu chứng thiếu máu và đau nhức xương thường gặp nhất (> 70%), ngoài ra còn có triệu chứng u tương bào, sụt cân, sốt, xuất huyết, không có sự khác biệt giữa 2 nhóm có và không có khuếch đại 1q. Tăng calci máu, tăng Beta-2-microglobulin, giai đoạn bệnh muộn, nhiều bất thường di truyền và bất thường thuộc nhóm nguy cơ cao là những đặc điểm khác biệt đáng kể giữa 2 nhóm nghiên cứu (p < 0.05). Kết luận: Có sự khác biệt về các đặc điểm sinh học của nhóm bệnh nhân có khuếch đại NST 1q, cho thấy nhóm BN nay thuộc nhóm nguy cơ cao.
KHẢO SÁT HÌNH THÁI VẸO VÁCH NGĂN Ở NHỮNG BỆNH NHÂN KHÁM TAI MŨI HỌNG – BỆNH VIỆN CHỢ RẪY
Authors: Văn Công Ngô
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát hình thái vẹo vách ngăn ở những bệnh nhân khám Tai Mũi Họng tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ tháng 9/ 2019 đến 9/2020. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: báo cáo hàng loạt ca. Trong thời gian 9/2019 đến 9/ 2020 khảo sát 250 trường hợp có vẹo vách ngăn khám tại phòng khám Tai Mũi Họng, Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy. Kết quả: Vẹo vách ngăn hay gặp là loại 3 (20,0%), theo sau là loại 5 (19,2%), loại 2 (16,8%), loại 1 (14,0%), loại 7(11,6%), loại 4 (7,6%). Kèm theo vẹo vách ngăn thường có các triệu chứng như nhức đầu (63,2%), chảy dịch mũi (60,4%), hắc hơi (54,4%) và nghẹt mũi (30,4%),... Kết luận: vẹo vách có nhiều hình thái, thường gặp nhất là gai vách ngăn một bên hoặc vẹo vách ngăn một bên tại vùng van mũi.
KHẢO SÁT TÁI SẮP XẾP GENE IGH TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN ĐA U TỦY TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUYỀN MÁU HUYẾT HỌC BẰNG KỸ THUẬT PCR
Authors: Vũ Hải Sơn Nguyễn , Kim Phương Lai , Sỹ Luân Cao , Thị Xinh Phan
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát các kiểu tái sắp xếp (TSX) gen IgH hiện mạnh trên bệnh nhân đa u tủy ở Việt Nam bằng kỹ thuật PCR. Đối tượng: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 43 bệnh nhân đa u tủy được chẩn đoán tại Bệnh viện Truyền máu Huyết học thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 6/2019 đến tháng 6/2021. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả hàng loạt ca, sử dụng kỹ thuật Multiplex PCR để khảo sát các kiểu tái sắp xếp gen IgH. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân có biểu hiện mạnh các kiểu TSX gen IgH nếu sử dụng các mồi được thiết kế ở vùng gen Vh (FR1) là 74,4%, nếu khảo sát thêm vùng gen Vh (FR2) thì tăng lên 95,3% và nếu khảo sát cả 3 vùng gen Vh (FR1/2/3) thì lên tới 97,7%. Kết luận: Việc khảo sát cả 3 vùng gen Vh (FR1/2/3) có thể giúp xác định các kiểu TSX gen IgH biểu hiện mạnh trên hầu hết bệnh nhân đa u tủy.
NGHIÊN CỨU THỰC TRẠNG SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM PHỔI MẮC PHẢI CỘNG ĐỒNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ ĐA KHOA NGHỆ AN
Authors: Văn Tuấn Nguyễn
Published: September 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát tình hình sử dụng kháng sinh trong điều trị viêm phổi mắc phải ở cộng đồng tại Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Đa Khoa Nghệ An năm 2021. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực trên 80 bệnh nhân viêm phổi mắc phải cộng đồng điều trị tại Bệnh viện hữu nghị đa khoa tỉnh Nghệ An từ tháng 01/2021 đến tháng 04/2021. Kết quả: 60,0% số bệnh nhân đã sử dụng thuốc kháng sinh trước khi vào viện. 100% số bệnh nhân được sử dụng kháng sinh ngay khi vào viện: 82,4% dùng phác đồ đơn độc và 17,6% được chỉ định phối hợp 2 loại kháng sinh ngay từ ban đầu. Phác đồ ban đầu: kháng sinh nhóm β-lactam được sử dụng nhiều nhất (63,7%): chủ yếu là Cephalosporin thế hệ 3 (40%) và β-lactam/ức chế β- lactamase (21,2%). Trong quá trình điều trị: có 32,8% phác đồ đơn độc ban đầu và 30,8% phác đồ phối hợp 2 kháng sinh ban đầu phải thay đổi phác đồ. Đa số bệnh nhân có thời gian sử dụng kháng sinh là 7-14 ngày (83,7%). Số ngày dùng kháng sinh trung bình là 9,48 ± 3,02 ngày. 35% phác đồ ban đầu và 69,2% phác đồ thay thế phù hợp với hướng dẫn điều trị của Bộ Y tế. Kết luận: Qua nghiên cứu trên bệnh nhân viêm phổi mắc phải cộng đồng cho thấy có một tỷ lệ cao bệnh nhân tự dùng kháng sinh trước khi nhập viện (60,0%). Thời gian dùng kháng sinh trung bình là 9,48 ± 3,02 ngày; 35,0% phác đồ ban đầu và 69,2% phác đồ thay thế phù hợp với hướng đẫn điều trị của Bộ Y tế.
Assessing Robotics Skills in Early Childhood: Development and Testing of a Tool for Evaluating Children’s Projects
Authors: Govind Madhu , Bers Marina
Published: September 2021

Children’s robotics skills can be assessed in various ways, one being examining the unique projects that they create. This paper discusses the multi-phase development and testing of a robotics project rubric. The rubric considers both the programming concepts and the aesthetic design elements of a project, which enables researchers and practitioners to determine the overall level of complexity exhibited in the robotics project. This paper presents the background literature and theoretical framework that contributed to the rubric design and summarizes findings from iteratively developing and testing the rubric with a total of 173 robotics projects. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.
Análise do Comportamento do Consumidor no Período de Crise e Disseminação da Covid-19 no Brasil
Authors: Carneiro Livia Mendes , Carvalho Eveline Barbosa Silva
Published: September 2021

A presente pesquisa tem natureza quantitativa e transversal, e o objetivo de analisar o comportamento dos consumidores relativo ao aumento de preços praticados pelas farmácias e/ou pontos de vendas especializados, assim como o de empresas no período e após a crise e disseminação da covid 19 no Brasil. Analisou-se, também, como o sentimento de justiça, “fairness”, por parte dos consumidores, pode representar uma restrição na busca de lucro das empresas, no curto e no longo prazo. O estudo se deu através da pesquisa de recolhimento de dados primários sobre a psicologia do consumidor e a sua tomada de decisão, e os dados recolhidos para análise foram tabulados e analisados por estatística descritiva. A associação de variáveis foi verificada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, adotando-se um nível de significância de 10%. A pesquisa foi inspirada no estudo de Kahneman, Knetsch e Thaler (1986a) sobre a percepção de justiça dos consumidores e como “fairness”, esse sentimento de justiça, pode mostrar-se uma barreira à busca pelo lucro. Os resultados revelaram que o contexto no qual as pessoas estão inseridas, no caso, uma catástrofe sanitária, influenciam na percepção destas e na sua disposição quanto a “punir” empresas que, nesse período de crise e disseminação da covid- 19, tiveram uma atitude considerada “injusta” na sua política de preços.
Impact of Personal Values on Political Consumption: The moderating role of interpersonal influence in social media
Authors: Da Silva Juliano Domingues , Delapedra Ana Tereza , Manoel Ana Maria Campos , Cassiolato Isis Helena Martins
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the moderating effect of interpersonal influence in social media on the relationship between personal values and political consumption. Through a survey of 206 respondents, the results of linear regression analysis showed that the values of self-transcendence and openness to change are positively related to political consumption, whereas self-promotion has a negative relation. The results also showed that interpersonal influence in social media has a critical moderating effect since (i) amplifies political consumption of people with self-transcendence values and (ii) increases the political consumption of people with self-promotion values. This research expands the literature on consumer behavior by showing that personal values on political consumption depend on the individual's susceptibility to being influenced by social media.
A practise-based action research self-study : "how do I improve my practice as a bridal-gown designer in a highly-competitive market?"
Authors:   , Walters Casey Jeannne
Published: September 2021

In my practise-based action research self-study I have developed ways in which to improve my practice as a bridal-gown designer in a highly-competitive and import-driven bridal-gown market. My earnest intent was to improve my practice using action research methods whilst simultaneously developing a solution through critical reflection and practice-based approaches as an economically-sustainable designer of bespoke, cost-effective, competitively-priced bridal gowns. I realised the potential for professional influence and positive economic growth through entrepreneurial thinking, not only for me but for others; it was this which cemented a sense of values in me as an action researcher. I have displayed a healthy marriage between equally important views of practice as theory and the theory as practice. I explored relevant literature that would validate my practice and aid in answering my critical questions, which became evident as validation chapters in my study. Carrying out internships with three bridal gown designers opened my eyes to the real world of business, a sense of theory as practice, where I could see, first-hand, the effects the import industry had on local designers and what they were doing to survive. The conceptualisation of foundational bridal blocks was a solution to save time in my own creative process so that I could produce cost-effective bridal gowns at a competitive price, in a sustainable manner. Once I had explored and created my own interpretation of the foundation block concept that transformed into a small collection of bridal gowns, I used the foundation blocks as a starting point to design bridal gowns for ‘real’ bridal clients. My study is personal in nature; by way of using self-study methods and also the personal ‘one-on-one’ connection I have with my ‘real’ bridal clients. I extended this ‘personal factor’ by holding a public exhibition to which I invited my friends, family, the public and my peers to view and give critical feedback on my work as a bridal gown designer.
A critical linguistic analysis of the discourse on religious observances in public schools to establish the hegemonic influence of colonial religious observances and their effect on school populations
Authors:   , Govindsamy Loshini
Published: September 2021

Even after political liberation in South Africa, a mismatch exists between the principles of freedom of religious observance taught in Religion Education and the actual religious observances in public schools. Anglican hymns, prayers and observances are still being used in schools where the religious ethos has changed from one of Christianity to include Hinduism, Islam and Judaism, as well as Shembe and Zionist religions. The Draft Policy on Religion Education stipulates that there should be a distinction between home religions and the school’s official religious instruction. School religious observances, particularly observances which reflect the oppressive nature of past colonial impositions, should not give offence to learners from other religious denominations, or belittle their own practices. This thesis investigates the hegemonic influence of colonial religious observances and their possible effect on school populations. Within a critical linguistic approach, which explores the ways in which language both sets in place and reflects the relations of power implicit in social functioning, a critical discourse analysis was carried out on current and topical media texts reporting on contentious issues involving religious observances in schools. Community members were also consulted by means of surveys and interviews so as to provide an overview of the social context of the wider community within which the schools were situated. The resulting data could then be used to triangulate data obtained from the discourse analysis, and either confirm, modify or challenge the latter. The results suggest that, not only is there a strong hegemonic influence present in schools, as a result of the lingering vestiges of traditional colonial Christianity, but that modern Christian movements are also beginning to exert a persuasive influence on non-Christian populations. The issue of religious observance in schools is a highly complex and potentially controversial issue, but one which merits study in view of the fact that the stakeholders’ right to freedom of religious observance may be violated on a daily basis.
The role of education in land restitution, redistribution and restrictions as individual, group and national empowerment through land reform
Authors:   , Yeni Clementine Sibongile
Published: September 2021

This study is focused on the role of education to improve awareness of two critically important aspects of the South African situation 19 years after the first democratic elections in 1994. In the first instance, the study aims to augment the grades 10-12 Life Orientation curriculum to promote understanding and appreciation of land rights as human rights for every citizen in South Africa to address the social injustices of the past. In the second instance, the study focuses on grades 10-12 Agricultural Sciences curriculum to ensure that every learner who leaves school is in a position to care for land responsibly, and to use land productively for his or her own benefit and the benefit of others in the future. These foci have been informed by numerous interactions with people in four small communities on the Southern KwaZulu-Natal coast, who have been victims of landless as a result of the Group Areas act of 1960, and are claiming restitution for the land lost, and are required by law to make the restituted land productive. The study records first hand stories told about land ownership, landless, land claims, land restitution, and land (ab)use stories, in the form of narratives, such as autobiographies, auto-ethnographies, accounts of action research and self study. My research participants and I are the authors of our land stories. We tell our stories as a way of making the private public in the interests of a fair and just society. The forms of presentation include narratives, dialogues, playlets, literary references and critical reflections. The perspectives used include the native worldview, rurality as a dynamic, generative and variable milieu, the orality-literacy interface, the effect of oppression, and values and beliefs, customs and mores which (in)form a civil and civilised society. During the course of the study, the role of stories to reveal what is happening in the lives of those people most affected by unjust laws, and to empower them to take action in their own best interests became evident. The major role of education in land reforms cannot be overemphasized, which is why I have used what I have discovered from the many interactions with many people to inform two grades 10-12 school curricula: the grades 10-12 Life Orientation curriculum and the grades 10-12 Agricultural Sciences curriculum.
Maximum Power Point Tracking for Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic System Connected to Battery Energy Storage Using Intelligent Control
Authors: Saleem Samah M. , El Zoghby Helmy M. , Sharaf Soliman M.
Published: September 2021

This paper introduced modeling and simulation results of an isolated solar photovoltaic system with lead-acid battery. The system is operated at maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed controllers used in this paper are proportional – integral (PI) controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controllers. The proposed controllers are used for controlling dc-dc converter. All simulation results are recorded and compared with each other using the conventional and intelligent controllers.
Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance
Authors: Al Khajeh Ebrahim Hasan
Published: September 2021

Leadership is one of the key determinants associated with the success and failure of any organization. Leadership style is the manner in which people are directed and motivated by a leader to achieve organizational goals. This study examines the impact of leadership styles on the organizational performance.
Does A Good Strategy Help SMES’ Leaders in Managing a Crisis?
Authors: FRANGIEH Maria , RUSU Daniel
Published: September 2021

Since more than a year, Covid-19 has been affecting everyone in every part of the world. The fear of death has imposed a series of never-ending lockdowns. Lockdowns came along with a financial crisis that has left all business sectors in wonder, especially the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
IMPLEMENTASI WEIGHTED PRODUCT GUNA SELEKSI PENERIMA KARTU INDONESI PINTAR (KIP) BAGI MASYARAKAT KURANG MAMPU PADA DESA MOHUNGO
Authors: Hamria Hamria , Azwar Azwar
Published: September 2021

Salah satu program pemerintah dalam dunia pendidikan yang ada saat ini yaitu mensejahterahkan masyarakat melalui bantuan berupa Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) melalui Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP). Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) adalah sebuah kartu yang diberikan kepada keluarga miskin dan rentan miskin (tidak mampu) yang berkeinginan untuk dapat menyekolahkan anaknya yang berusia antara 6 – 18 tahun secara gratis. Dalam penelitian ini diambil studi kasus pada Desa Mohungo yang mana Desa Mohungo termasuk salah satu desa yang menerima bantuan Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP). Saat ini, penentuan penerima KIP di Desa Mohungo, masih dilakukan secara manual karena membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk mencari siapa saja yang akan diusulkan untuk jadi penerima Kartu Indonesia Pintar (KIP) ini. Tidak validnya data yang ada menyebabkan tidak meratanya pembagian Kartu Indonesia Pintar di desa Mohungo sehingga terjadi penerima yang tidak tepat sasaran. Dari permasalahan ini maka perlu dibuat sebuah system pendukung keputusan yang diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permaslahan dalam menentukan penerima KIP. Selain menggunakan system pendukung keputusan penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode weighted product (WP) untuk menentukan prioritas warga penerima Kartu Indonesia Pintar. Metode weighted product (WP) digunakan karena metode ini lebih efisien dibandingkan metode lain yang termasuk dalam penyelesaian masalah MADM (Multi Atribut Decision Making).
In situ ozone production is highly sensitive to volatile organic compounds in Delhi, India
Authors: Nelson Beth S. , Stewart Gareth J. , Drysdale Will S. , Newland Mike J. , Vaughan Adam R. , Dunmore Rachel E. , Edwards Pete M. , Lewis Alastair C. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Acton W. Joe , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Crilley Leigh R. , Alam Mohammed S. , Şahin Ülkü A. , Beddows David C. S. , Bloss William J. , Slater Eloise , Whalley Lisa K. , Heard Dwayne E. , Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Nemitz Eiko , Sommariva Roberto , Cox Sam ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Gurjar Bhola R. , Hopkins James R. , Rickard Andrew R. , Lee James D.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Indian megacity of Delhi suffers from some of the
poorest air quality in the world. While ambient NO2 and particulate
matter (PM) concentrations have received considerable attention in the city,
high ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations are an often overlooked
component of pollution. O3 can lead to significant ecosystem damage and
agricultural crop losses, and adversely affect human health. During October 2018,
concentrations of speciated non-methane hydrocarbon volatile organic
compounds (C2–C13), oxygenated volatile organic compounds
(o-VOCs), NO, NO2, HONO, CO, SO2, O3, and photolysis rates,
were continuously measured at an urban site in Old Delhi. These observations
were used to constrain a detailed chemical box model utilising the Master
Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1. VOCs and NOx (NO + NO2) were varied
in the model to test their impact on local O3 production rates,
P(O3), which revealed a VOC-limited chemical regime. When only NOx
concentrations were reduced, a significant increase in P(O3) was
observed; thus, VOC co-reduction approaches must also be considered in
pollution abatement strategies. Of the VOCs examined in this work, mean
morning P(O3) rates were most sensitive to monoaromatic compounds,
followed by monoterpenes and alkenes, where halving their concentrations in
the model led to a 15.6 %, 13.1 %, and 12.9 % reduction in
P(O3), respectively. P(O3) was not sensitive to direct changes in
aerosol surface area but was very sensitive to changes in photolysis rates,
which may be influenced by future changes in PM concentrations. VOC and
NOx concentrations were divided into emission source sectors, as
described by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v5.0 Global Air Pollutant Emissions and EDGAR
v4.3.2_VOC_spec inventories, allowing for the
impact of individual emission sources on P(O3) to be investigated.
Reducing road transport emissions only, a common strategy in air pollution
abatement strategies worldwide, was found to increase P(O3), even when
the source was removed in its entirety. Effective reduction in P(O3)
was achieved by reducing road transport along with emissions from combustion
for manufacturing and process emissions. Modelled P(O3) reduced by
∼ 20 ppb h−1 when these combined sources were halved. This study
highlights the importance of reducing VOCs in parallel with NOx and PM
in future pollution abatement strategies in Delhi.
Long-term studies of MLT summer length definitions based on mean zonal wind features observed for more than one solar cycle at mid- and high-latitudes in the northern hemisphere
Authors: Jaen Juliana , Renkwitz Toralf , Chau Jorge L. , He Maosheng , Hoffmann Peter , Yamazaki Yosuke , Jacobi Christoph , Tsutsumi Masaki , Matthias Vivien , Hall Chris
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Specular meteor radars (SMRs) and partial reflection radars (PRRs) have been observing mesospheric winds for more than a solar cycle over Germany (~54 °N) and northern Norway (~69 °N). This work investigates the mesospheric mean zonal wind and the zonal mean geostrophic zonal wind from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) over these two regions between 2004 and 2020. Our study focuses on the summer when strong planetary waves are absent and the stratospheric and tropospheric conditions are relatively stable. We establish two definitions of the summer length according to the zonal wind reversals: (1) the mesosphere and lower thermosphere summer length (MLT-SL) using SMR and PRR winds, and (2) the mesosphere summer length (M-SL) using PRR and MLS. Under both definitions, the summer begins around April and ends around mid-September. The largest year to year variability is found in the summer beginning in both definitions, particularly at high-latitudes, possibly due to the influence of the polar vortex. At high-latitudes, the year 2004 has a longer summer length compared to the mean value for MLT-SL, as well as 2012 for both definitions. The M-SL exhibits an increasing trend over the years, while MLT-SL does not have a well-defined trend. We explore a possible influence of solar activity, as well as large-scale atmospheric influences (e.g. quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO), El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO), major sudden stratospheric warming events). We complement our work with an extended time series of 31 years at mid-latitudes using only PRR winds. In this case, the summer length shows a breakpoint, suggesting a non-uniform trend, and periods similar to those known for ENSO and QBO.
Slowdown of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO2
Authors: Winkler Alexander J. , Myneni Ranga B. , Hannart Alexis , Sitch Stephen , Haverd Vanessa , Lombardozzi Danica , Arora Vivek K. , Pongratz Julia , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Goll Daniel S. , Kato Etsushi , Tian Hanqin , Arneth Almut , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jain Atul K. , Zaehle Sönke , Brovkin Victor
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Satellite data reveal widespread changes in Earth's vegetation cover. Regions
intensively attended to by humans are mostly greening due to land
management. Natural vegetation, on the other hand, is exhibiting patterns of
both greening and browning in all continents. Factors linked to anthropogenic
carbon emissions, such as CO2 fertilization, climate change, and
consequent disturbances such as fires and droughts, are hypothesized to be
key drivers of changes in natural vegetation. A rigorous regional attribution
at the biome level that can be scaled to a global picture of what is behind the
observed changes is currently lacking. Here we analyze different datasets of
decades-long satellite observations of global leaf area index (LAI,
1981–2017) as well as other proxies for vegetation changes and identify
several clusters of significant long-term changes. Using process-based model
simulations (Earth system and land surface models), we disentangle the effects
of anthropogenic carbon emissions on LAI in a probabilistic setting applying
causal counterfactual theory. The analysis prominently indicates the effects
of climate change on many biomes – warming in northern ecosystems (greening)
and rainfall anomalies in tropical biomes (browning). The probabilistic
attribution method clearly identifies the CO2 fertilization effect as
the dominant driver in only two biomes, the temperate forests and cool
grasslands, challenging the view of a dominant global-scale
effect. Altogether, our analysis reveals a slowing down of greening and
strengthening of browning trends, particularly in the last 2 decades. Most
models substantially underestimate the emerging vegetation browning,
especially in the tropical rainforests. Leaf area loss in these productive
ecosystems could be an early indicator of a slowdown in the terrestrial
carbon sink. Models need to account for this effect to realize plausible
climate projections of the 21st century.
Indian ocean marine biogeochemical variability and its feedback on simulated South Asia climate
Authors: Sein Dmitry V. , Dvornikov Anton Y. , Martyanov Stanislav D. , Cabos William , Ryabchenko Vladimir A. , Gröger Matthias , Jacob Daniela , Kumar Mishra Alok , Kumar Pankaj
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We investigate the effect of variable marine biogeochemical light absorption on Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and how this affects the South Asian climate. In twin experiments with a regional Earth System Model, we found that the average SST is lower over most of the domain when variable marine biogeochemical light absorption is taken into account, compared to the reference experiment with a constant light attenuation coefficient equal to 0.06 m-1. The most significant deviations (more than 1 °C) in SST are observed in the summer period. A considerable cooling of subsurface layers occurs, and the thermocline shifts upward in the experiment with the activated biogeochemical impact. Also, the phytoplankton primary production becomes higher, especially during periods of winter and summer phytoplankton blooms. The effect of altered SST variability on climate was investigated by coupling the ocean models to a regional atmosphere model. We find the largest effects on the amount of precipitation, particularly during the monsoon season. In the Arabian Sea, the reduction of the transport of humidity across the equator leads to a reduction of the large-scale precipitation in the eastern part of the basin, reinforcing the reduction of the convective precipitation. In the Bay of Bengal, it increases the large-scale precipitation, countering convective precipitation decline. Thus, the key impacts of including the full biogeochemical coupling with corresponding light attenuation, which in turn depends on variable chlorophyll-a concentration, include the enhanced phytoplankton primary production, a shallower thermocline, decreased SST and water temperature in subsurface layers, with cascading effects upon the model ocean physics which further translates into altered atmosphere dynamics.
Greenland Geothermal Heat Flow Database and Map (Version 1)
Authors: Colgan William , Wansing Agnes , Mankoff Kenneth , Lösing Mareen , Hopper John , Louden Keith , Ebbing Jörg , Christiansen Flemming G. , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Liljedahl Lillemor Claesson , MacGregor Joseph A. , Hjartarson Árni , Bernstein Stefan , Karlsson Nanna B. , Fuchs Sven , Hartikainen Juha , Liakka Johan , Fausto Robert , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Bjørk Anders , Naslund Jens-Ove , Mørk Finn , Martos Yasmina , Balling Niels , Funck Thomas , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Petersen Dorthe , Gregersen Ulrik , Dam Gregers , Nielsen Tove , Khan Abbas , Løkkegaard Anja
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We compile, analyse and map all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database of 419 sites and generate an accompanying spatial map. This database includes 290 sites previously reported by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC), for which we now standardize measurement and metadata quality. This database also includes 129 new sites, which have not been previously reported by the IHFC. These new sites consist of 88 offshore measurements and 41 onshore measurements, of which 24 are subglacial. We employ machine learning to synthesize these in situ measurements into a gridded geothermal heat flow model that is consistent across both continental and marine areas in and around Greenland. This model has a native horizontal resolution of 55 km. In comparison to five existing Greenland geothermal heat flow models, our model has the lowest mean geothermal heat flow for Greenland onshore areas (44 mW m–2). Our model’s most distinctive spatial feature is pronounced low geothermal heat flow (< 40 mW m–2) across the North Atlantic Craton of southern Greenland. Crucially, our model does not show an area of elevated heat flow that might be interpreted as remnant from the Icelandic Plume track. Finally, we discuss the substantial influence of paleoclimatic and other corrections on geothermal heat flow measurements in Greenland. The in-situ measurement database and gridded heat flow model, as well as other supporting materials, are freely available from the GEUS DataVerse (https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/F9P03L; Colgan and Wansing, 2021).
Combining ensemble Kalman filter and reservoir computing to predict spatiotemporal chaotic systems from imperfect observations and models
Authors: Tomizawa Futo , Sawada Yohei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Prediction of spatiotemporal chaotic systems is important in various
fields, such as numerical weather prediction (NWP). While data assimilation
methods have been applied in NWP, machine learning techniques, such as
reservoir computing (RC), have recently been recognized as promising tools to
predict spatiotemporal chaotic systems. However, the sensitivity of the
skill of the machine-learning-based prediction to the imperfectness of
observations is unclear. In this study, we evaluate the skill of RC with
noisy and sparsely distributed observations. We intensively compare the
performances of RC and local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) by
applying them to the prediction of the Lorenz 96 system. In order to
increase the scalability to larger systems, we applied a parallelized RC
framework. Although RC can successfully predict the Lorenz 96 system if the
system is perfectly observed, we find that RC is vulnerable to observation
sparsity compared with LETKF. To overcome this limitation of RC, we propose
to combine LETKF and RC. In our proposed method, the system is predicted by
RC that learned the analysis time series estimated by LETKF. Our proposed
method can successfully predict the Lorenz 96 system using noisy and
sparsely distributed observations. Most importantly, our method can predict
better than LETKF when the process-based model is imperfect.
Revised taxonomy and early evolution of fasciculiths at the Danian–Selandian transition
Authors: Miniati Francesco , Cappelli Carlotta , Monechi Simonetta
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We present a taxonomic revision of the family Fasciculithaceae focused on forms that characterize the early evolution of this family group, which are currently included within the genera Gomphiolithus, Diantholitha, Lithoptychius and Fasciculithus. The investigation approach is based on a combined light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of specimens from well-preserved ODP–DSDP site material (ODP Site 1209; Site 1262; ODP Site 1267; DSDP Site 356; DSDP Site 119) and outcrops (Bottaccione and Contessa, Italy; Qreiya, Egypt) across the Danian–Selandian transition. The direct LM–SEM comparison of the same individual specimen provides clarification of several taxa that were previously described only with the LM. One new genus (Tectulithus), five new combinations (Tectulithus janii, Tectulithus merloti, Tectulithus pileatus, Tectulithus stegastos and Tectulithus stonehengei) and six new species are defined (Diantholitha pilula, Diantholitha toquea, Lithoptychius galeottii, Lithoptychius maioranoae, Tectulithus pagodiformis and Fasciculithus realeae). The main characteristics useful to identify fasciculiths with the LM are provided, together with a 3D–2D drawing showing the main structural features. The accurate taxonomic characterization grants the development of an evolutionary lineage that documents a great fasciculith diversification during the late Danian and early Selandian. Four different well-constrained events have been documented: the lowest occurrence (LO) of Gomphiolithus, the paracme of Fasciculithaceae at the top of Chron C27r (PTC27r), the radiation of Diantholitha (LO Diantholitha), the paracme of Fasciculithaceae at the base of Chron C26r (PBC26r), the radiation of Lithoptychius (LO Lithoptychius) and the radiation of Tectulithus (lowest common occurrence of Tectulithus) that shows the biostratigraphic relevance of this group across the Danian–Selandian transition.
Can Reanalysis Products Outperform Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Models in Modeling the Wind Resource in Simple Terrain?
Authors: Pronk Vincent , Bodini Nicola , Optis Mike , Lundquist Julie K. , Moriarty Patrick , Draxl Caroline , Purkayastha Avi , Young Ethan
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are generally considered more accurate than reanalysis products in characterizing the wind resource at heights of interest for wind energy, given their finer spatial resolution and more comprehensive physics. However, advancements in the latest ERA-5 reanalysis product motivate an assessment on whether ERA-5 can model wind speeds as well as a state-of-the-art NWP model – the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We consider this research question for both simple terrain and offshore applications. Specifically, we compare wind profiles from ERA-5 and the preliminary WRF runs of the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit Long-term Ensemble Dataset (WTK-LED) to those observed by lidars at site in Oklahoma, United States, and in a U.S. Atlantic offshore wind energy area. We find that ERA-5 shows a significant negative bias (~ −1 m s−1 ) at both locations, with a larger bias at the land-based site. WTK-LED-predicted wind speed profiles show a slight negative bias (~ −0.5 m s−1 ) offshore and a slight positive bias (~ +0.5 m s−1) at the land-based site. Surprisingly, we find that ERA-5 outperforms WTK-LED in terms of the centered root-mean-square error (cRMSE) and correlation coefficient, for both the land-based and offshore cases, in all atmospheric stability conditions. We find that WTK-LED’s higher cRMSE is caused by its tendency to overpredict the amplitude of the wind speed diurnal cycle both onshore and offshore.
KO-KRISTAL: NIKOTINAMID SEBAGAI KOFORMER
Authors: Hairunnisa Hairunnisa , Sopyan Iyan , Gozali Dolih
Published: September 2021

Kokristal merupakan cara alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan melarut obat yang sukar larut dalam air dan meningkatkan bioavailabilitas obat yang buruk. Ada berbagai teknik yang dapat dilakukan dalam pembuatan kokristal seperti Hot Melt Extrusion, solvent evaporation, solvent drop grinding, slurry. Nikotinamid telah banyak digunakan sebagai koformer dalam pembentukan ko-kristal. Berdasarkan struktur kimianya, nikotinamid memiliki peluang besar untuk membentuk ko-kristal dengan berbagai macam bahan aktif farmasi. Modifikasi kokristal bahan aktif farmasi juga dapat maningkatkan laju disolusi dari bahan aktif farmasi itu sendiri dibandingkan kecepatan disolusi bahan aktif farmasi murninya

Kata kunci: kokristal, nikotinamid, disolusi