bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reception History and Beyond: Toward the Cultural History of Scriptures
Authors: Beal Timothy
Published: December 2011

After highlighting the substantial gains made by the reception historical approach, this article proceeds to point out some of its inherent limitations, particularly when applied to biblical texts. In attending to the material-aesthetic dimensions of biblical texts, media, and ideas of the Bible, especially in dialogue with anthropological, material-historical, and media-historical approaches, these limitations become acute and call for a harder cultural turn than is possible from a strictly reception-historical approach. This article proposes to move beyond reception history to cultural history, from research into how biblical texts and the Bible itself are received to how they are culturally produced as discursive objects. Such a move would involve a double turn in the focus of biblical scholarship and interpretation: from hermeneutical reception to cultural production, and from interpreting scripture via culture to interpreting culture, especially religious culture, via its productions of scripture. As such, it would bring biblical research into fuller and more significant dialogue with other fields of comparative scriptural studies, religious studies, and the academic humanities and social sciences in general.
“‘Making History’ Queerly: Touches across Time through a Biblical Behind”
Authors: Marchal Joseph A.
Published: December 2011

Historical approaches to sexuality, in and outside of biblical studies, have tended to stress either continuities or ruptures. Yet, such approaches set a series of limits for tracing and assessing dynamics of gender, sexuality, and embodiment, where one might tap into a more resistant or disruptive strain in queer theory. A more thorough engagement with thinkers (queer and feminist) like Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Judith Butler will indicate that there might be a third way to explore issues of origin, continuity, and difference in biblical argumentation. With help from queer thinkers reflecting on other eras, then, this third kind of approach can explore the many senses of “making history” by remaining invested in, but not particularly bound to historiography. The utility of such methodological reflections will be briefly demonstrated by suggesting different interpretive strategies and results for interpreting passionately-cited biblical literature like Paul’s letter to the Romans.
Remembering Kaiyuan and Tianbao: The Construction of Mosaic Memory in Medieval Historical Miscellanies
Authors: Luo Manling
Published: December 2011

Medieval historical miscellanies have traditionally been seen as repositories of random historical information. This essay examines how the miscellany form makes possible a distinct mode of cultural memory construction, the piecing together of anecdotes gathered from oral and written sources to create a composite, multifaceted picture of the past, or "mosaic memory." Using as examples four monothematic post-An Lushan rebellion collections devoted to the memory of the Kaiyuan-Tianbao era (713-756), we may see how compilers created idiosyncratic versions of mosaic memory as a result of their personal motives and cultural positions. These individual versions also overlay and constitute a cumulative representation that reveals important features of mosaic memory as a communal discourse. The layered formation of mosaic memory helps to shed light on how the cultural memory of the Kaiyuan-Tianbao era took shape in the mid- and late-Tang periods and how medieval historical miscellanies functioned as an important site of cultural production.
Lipofuscin Quantification as a Potential Tool for Age Estimation in Snow Crabs,Chionoecetes opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Oregoniidae)
Authors: Allain R. N. , Moriyasu M. , Crawford B. D. , Courtenay S. C.
Published: December 2011

Lipofuscin levels were investigated in snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) to assess the applicability of lipofuscin quantification as an age determining tool for this species. Localization and quantification of lipofuscin granules in the olfactory lobe cell mass (OLCM) of the brain were conducted by confocal microscopy and image analysis. The majority of immature crabs had no detectable lipofuscin. Crabs with a dirty carapace condition (an indication of greater age) had more lipofuscin (in terms of granule density, area fraction, and mean granule size) than crabs with a clean carapace condition; however, the amount of lipofuscin was much lower than that in more temperate species. Lipofuscin content was positively correlated with carapace size among crabs with a clean carapace but not among crabs with a dirty carapace. No correlation was observed between average lipofuscin granule fluorescent intensity and carapace width. OLCM neuron characteristics were also investigated. An inverse relationship was observed between neuron density and carapace width although it is unknown if this density reduction is due to a loss of neurons, an increase in size of the structures, or both. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between neuron size and carapace width. The range of neuron size also increased in larger crabs, suggesting the presence of mitotically active cells in the OLCM. Although lipofuscin levels were higher in dirty carapace condition (presumably older) crabs than in clean carapace crabs and increased with size (in mature, clean carapace snow crabs), the lack of detectable lipofuscin in most immature crabs, generally low levels of lipofuscin in mature crabs, and lack of increase with size in older (dirty carapace) crabs limits the applicability of this age estimation tool for this species.
Salinity, Temperature, and Seasonality Effects on the Metabolic Rate of the Brown Shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from the Coastal Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Latournerié José R. , González-Mora Ignacio D. , Gómez-Aguirre Samuel , Estrada-Ortega Alma R. , Soto Luis A.
Published: December 2011

The routine metabolic rate (QO2 in mg O2 g−1 DW h−1) was measured in juveniles of the brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) at salinity and temperature ranges prevailing during the cold and warm seasons at the coastal lagoon of Tamiahua, Veracruz, Mexico. A semi-closed respirometer was employed, with eight 4-L experimental chambers, each containing two shrimp of similar size and sex. The shrimp were fasting and in the intermoult stage, and acclimated to the chambers for 12 h prior to determining oxygen consumption. Oxygen measurements were taken every two hours with a partial replacement of water and aeration of one hour between readings. In a 24 h cycle, 6 to 8 measurements were made. Relations between QO2 and DW, for the different salinity and temperature conditions tested, were calculated and adjusted to the equation: QO2 = αDWβ. Two-way ANOVA was applied to analyse the effect of salinity, temperature, time of day, and body weight on F. aztecus QO2. Salinity had no significant (p > 0.05) effect upon the shrimp's routine metabolic rate at intervals of 26 to 34 psu and 22 to 36 psu, typical of the cold and warm seasons, respectively. However, seasonal temperature variation did significantly affect the shrimp's QO2, thus suggesting the existence of a different "pattern of acclimatization" in the energy requirements of the individuals from both seasons. The results indicate that the population of F. aztecus from this area of the Gulf of Mexico may represent a "cline", the physiological response of the components of which differs from that of other brown shrimp populations distributed over a wide geographical range in the western tropical Atlantic.
Two Species of Chondracanthid Copepods (Poecilostomatoida) Parasitic on Sandperches of Taiwan
Authors: Ho Ju-Shey , Liu Wei-Cheng , Lin Ching-Long
Published: December 2011

Two species of Chondracanthidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on sandperches of the genus Parapercis Bleeker, 1863 from Taiwan are reported. They are ectoparasites attaching to the host's gill filaments. The species of parasites and their hosts are: Prochondracanthopsis quadricornutus Shiino, 1960 on Parapercis sexfasciata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843), P. multifasciata Döderlein, 1884, and an unidentified species of Parapercis; and Parapercicola formosana n. gen., n. sp. on P. multifasciata. It is proposed that Humphreysia hoi Do & Kasahara, 1982 found on P. sexfasciata from Japan is to be synonymized with P. quadricornutus. The outstanding characteristics of P. formosana are possession of (1) a body in the female with distinct tagmatization of head, neck (long), and trunk (without outgrowths); (2) the antenna in both sexes with atrophied tip (accessory antennule); and (3) biramous but reduced legs 1 and 2 in the female.
Predation on Ostracod Populations of Two North African Lagoons
Authors: Ruiz Francisco , Abad Manuel , Mara García Edith X. , Toscano Antonio , Prudencio María I. , Dias María I. , Galán Emilio
Published: December 2011

Evidence of predation on the recent ostracod populations of Nador lagoon (Morocco) and El Melah lagoon (Tunisia), two semi-arid coastal areas of North Africa, is scarce. However, rare, bored valves have been extracted from the inner, very restricted areas of both lagoons. All these valves present cylindrical boreholes, an ichnofossil known as Oichnus simplex Bromley, 1981, near the central muscular field. Borehole diameters are not correlated with the dimensions the (length, height) of the bored valves. Predation had apparently focused on the adults and the last juvenile stages of either smooth, or punctuated species of ostracods.
Children and Conflict: Exploring Children's Agency at UK Mosque Schools
Authors: Rajabi-Ardeshiri Masoud
Published: December 2011

During the last two decades, children's right to physical and emotional well-being has become an important item on the childhood agenda, supported by many national and international laws. It is believed that despite the total ban on corporal punishment of children, in schools in the UK, the current legal standards for safeguarding children do not correspond with the realities of children lives. This is particularly the case when the maltreatment of children is perpetrated by parents or by institutions that are rarely exposed to the government's scrutiny. In an attempt to explore children's agency at UK mosque schools, this article, particularly looked at children's experiences of maltreatment in a religious setting. It concludes that while the religious character of mosque schools provides these schools with some level of insulation from allegations of the maltreatment of children, the children themselves responded by resorting to different sources of authority and developing different strategies to resist adults' control and to challenge adult-centred environments.
Young workers: A New Zealand perspective
Authors: Gasson N. Ruth , Linsell Chris
Published: December 2011

New Zealand ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1993 with three reservations including one against Article 32(2) which requires a minimum age or ages for admission to employment. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, the monitoring body of the CRC, recommends the reservations be removed, and that New Zealand ratify ILO Minimum Age Convention (No. 138 of 1973) which also requires a legislated minimum age for entry to employment. Using data collected in 2003 this paper highlights the diversity of children's work experiences in a minority world country with a multi-ethnic population and a high level of socio-economic inequality. It argues that New Zealand should focus on promoting the best interests of children, and that this requires consultation with children, not blanket minimum-age legislation. The paper identifies a need for research into the meanings that different cultural groups attach to work.
Undocumented children and the right to education: illusory right or empowering lever?
Authors: de Clerck Helene Marie-Lou , Ryngaert Julie , de Wiart Estelle Carton , Verhoeven Marie , Vandenhole Wouter , Mahieu Paul , Timmerman Christiane
Published: December 2011

In migration control policies, social rights are often restricted in order to discourage immigration. The right to education seems to be the exception to the rule. This paper examines whether the right to education – beyond legal technical questions of the personal scope of application of human rights treaties, and the nature and the meaning of the right – is able to provide empowering leverage to undocumented children, or rather remains a lofty ideal on paper. Empirical data are drawn from the Belgian situation. Sociological research has shown that while quantitative educational democratisation has been highly successful, qualitative educational democratisation remains problematic. With regard to undocumented children, real-life limitations to school access (both individual and institutional), as well as psycho-social and institutional impediments during the schooling process seriously limit equal schooling and life opportunities. Unequal responses to organisational and pedagogical challenges that the presence of mobile students puts to schools, reinforce institutional factors of educational inequality for undocumented children. A key factor in understanding the tension between the legal recognition of the human right to education and daily realities is the outright contradiction between the approaches towards education on the one hand, and to migration more generally on the other hand. The latter is increasingly dominated by a securisation ideology.
Ombudsman can Detoxify a System Running on Empty
Authors: Hitchen Brian
Published: December 2011

The former editor of the Daily Star and Sunday Express advocates the creation of a Press Ombudsman but retaining the current PCC secretariat. Lay members - ie, "amateurs" - should be replaced by "respected elder statesmen and women of the newspaper industry."
Balanced Privacy Law might be the Least Bad Outcome
Authors: Brock George
Published: December 2011

The head of journalism at City University London, and former Times staffer, advocates a completely new regime that takes account of the changing media landscape. "Regulation based only on newspapers will look positively eccentric as the business model for print continues its downward decline," he writes.
Low-temperature metamorphic evolution of a pre-Variscan gabbro: a case study from the Palaeozoic basement of northwest Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Cruciani G. , Franceschelli M. , Massonne H.-J.
Published: December 2011

A lenticular metagabbro crops out in an early Palaeozoic metasedimentary sequence at Nurra, northwest Sardinia. The metagabbro consists of variable proportions of early-formed coarse-grained albite, chlorite, epidote and apatite, later biotite and amphibole, and late stilpnomelane. Clinopyroxene and ilmenite are rare relict igneous minerals; albite has completely replaced primary plagioclase.

The metamorphic evolution of the Nurra metagabbro has been investigated by pseudosection modelling for a fixed bulk-rock composition in the Na2O—CaO—K2O—FeO—MgO—A12O3—SiO2—H2O (NCKFMASH) model system with added Ti and Mn in the P-T range 1-11 kbar and 150-450°C. The P—T path of the metagabbro is a loop with a prograde segment overprinted by later metamorphic re-equilibration. The pressure peak was at ⩽7 kbar and ∼400°C. The subsequent temperature peak, at ∼440°C, was accompanied by a decrease in pressure to ∼3 kbar. The final P—T evolution of the metagabbro is characterized by near-isobaric cooling to 250—300°C, with the formation of stilpnomelane. The P—T path of the Nurra gabbro is typical of continental orogenic belts that have undergone crustal thickening.
Rock physicists step out of the well location, meet geophysicists and geologists to add value in exploration analysis
Authors: Brevik Ivar , Callejon Angel , Kahn Peter , Janak Peter , Ebrom Daniel
Published: December 2011

A primary task for a petroleum rock physicist is to link geological and geophysical interpretation practices and culture in such a way that they can be understood and applied in exploration and production of oil and gas. Specifically, this task asks for relations between key properties of the fluid-saturated rocks located in situ and quantities extracted from seismic and electromagnetic data. In spite of the hard work needed to establish a proper characterization of such relations, they are of limited if not insignificant value in exploration (out of the well location) if not adapted to key elements of geological processes and obtainable seismic and electromagnetic properties.
Descartes’s Resonant Subject
Authors: Erlmann Veit
Published: December 2011

Almost four centuries after his death, René Descartes remains one of the most reviled figures in the history of Western thought. Whether as the father of the “modernist visualist paradigm” (Martin Jay) or the main instigator of a “masculinization of thought” (Susan Bordo), intellectual historians, students of sound, and feminists tend to dismiss the philosopher’s work as incompatible with the critical agenda they espouse. Yet there exists a surprising, if largely unacknowledged, parallel between the unstable place of Cartesian thought within the feminist project and the troubled relationship of the emerging field of sound studies to Descartes’s views of the sense of hearing. Descartes’s acoustic studies and anatomical work on the fetus reveal a persistent concern with resonance. But instead of subsuming resonance and its rich metaphorical field (which comprises vibration, sympathy, and consonance) under his infamous mind-body dualism, Descartes invokes resonance to think through what is his most important project—to model the unity of body and mind.
The Poetics of Signal Processing
Authors: Sterne Jonathan , Rodgers Tara
Published: December 2011

Signal processing is one of the most important and understudied dimensions of contemporary sound cultures and of electronic media more broadly. In the sonic register, it inflects everything from music production, wired or wireless transmission, and radio broadcast to everyday conversation and listening. Because it is embedded in all stages of contemporary sound production, reproduction, and reception, it has remained an elusive subject for critique. This essay considers the poetics of audio signal processing—the figural dimensions of the technical process and the representations of this process in audio-technical discourse. The article focuses on two metaphorical frames commonly applied to signal processing in the everyday language of musicians and audio technologists: cooking and travel. Through a reading of Claude Lévi-Strauss, it suggests that metaphors of rawness and cooking elevate signal processing to a kind of culturing process by which sound is readied for consumption by listeners through specialized technologies and techniques. The argument situates the spatialization of signal flow and the design of circuit topology within long-standing ideas about travel and voyage that inflect Western epistemologies of sound. As metaphors for signal processing, cooking and travel mark cultural locations (e.g., gendered, classed, able-bodied positionalities) much as they do in broader social contexts. Not only is signal processing subject to the critique of representation, it is, more than any other technical register, directly linked to the contemporary cultural politics of perception and reception. Although this article focuses on sound technologies, a full cultural critique of signal processing would consider its central role in every sense register.
On Disability and Cybernetics: Helen Keller, Norbert Wiener, and the Hearing Glove
Authors: Mills Mara
Published: December 2011

The “hearing glove” presumably invented by Norbert Wiener has been relegated to a footnote in most histories of cybernetics. This article surveys the long history of the hearing glove concept, arguing the significance of this and related speech technologies to the definitions of information, compression, and feedback in twentieth-century communication engineering. Emerging from techniques of “the material voice” in deaf oral education, hearing gloves were increasingly applied to voice standardization and efficient transmission. Contrary to scholarship that emphasizes dematerialization and disembodiment in information theory and cybernetics, I argue that communication engineers treated the voice and other signals as material commodities and remained committed to conventional bodies.
The Burrow of Sound
Authors: Dolar Mladen
Published: December 2011

The article examines the nature of sound by taking as its starting point Kafka’s story “The Burrow,” in which an animal, a badger, builds an elaborate and labyrinthine burrow as a bastion of protection against the outside. In this refuge it is disturbed by the intrusion of a sound of which it cannot find the origin. This situation is taken as a sound laboratory, where the nature of the sound and the subjective attitudes it implies are closely scrutinized. From this vantage point, the article pursues an analysis of sound and proposes to place sound at the pivotal point of twelve oppositions: wakefulness/sleep; inside/outside; cause/disruption of causality; floating/fixation, location/dislocation; time/space; one/multiple; duration/intermittency, sound/silence; subject/Other; reality/fantasy, meaningless/meaning; sound/voice; “being and time,” “being and nothingness,” “being and event”; and finally, the edge of modernity of which Kafka is the major harbinger. The article argues for a view in which sound, and the particular experience of sound in Kafka’s context, can be taken as an ontological opening with ample ramifications in contemporary philosophy and psychoanalysis.
Like a Whisper
Authors: Mowitt John
Published: December 2011

This essay proposes that we grasp whispering as a problem, a sound source haunted by the violent exclusion of the animal from the medium of communication. Justification for this proposition is provided by examining the intertwining of whispering, allegory, and trauma, especially as these motifs have come to be agitated in various discourses of popular culture. Specifically, the author traces the manifestation of the figure of the Whisperer as it appears first in both the novel and the film The Horse Whisperer and subsequently in both The Ghost Whisperer and The Dog Whisperer, where in every case whispering is entangled with the trauma that the animal and the human are for one another. Distinguishing this whispering from “actual whispering,” whispering of the sort given political meaning in Orlando Figes’s recent study of Stalinist Russia, this article suggests a different kind of political reading of whispering, one that emphasizes its disciplinary power in raising questions about our capacity to think the specificity of sound. Thus this essay seeks not only to listen carefully to a sound problem but to bring such listening to bear on what might be called the “sonic boom” or “sonic turn.”
Rhythm and the Cold War Imaginary: Listening to John Adams’s Nixon in China
Authors: Lee Christopher
Published: December 2011

Foregrounding the link between the postmodern spatial turn and the geopolitics of the Cold War, this essay reconsiders the primacy of space and visuality in the postwar global imaginary through an examination of sound and rhythm. Henri Lefebvre’s writings on the everyday mobilize rhythm to conceptualize alternatives to the reified visual world, but his work reveals the tension between metaphorical treatments of rhythm and its sonic materiality. Turning to music as an aesthetic form defined by this relationship, the author draws on the work of Jacques Attali, Rose Rosengard Subotnik, and Jonathan Kramer to examine the politics of musical listening as a social practice. In postwar art music, minimalism is particularly notable for engendering experiences of time that resonate with postmodern spatialization. This article proceeds with a reading of John Adams’s 1987 opera Nixon in China, a work that uses minimalist procedures to depict Richard Nixon’s 1972 visit to China. The author contends that the opera’s use of rhythm and treatment of time reveals the anxieties of its historical moment, the concluding years of the Cold War.
Dissolution of the Notion of Timbre
Authors: Chion Michel
Published: December 2011

These two essays together expose, examine, and critique the workings of “causalism,” the implicit positive valuation that attaches to sonic sources with respect to musical production and audition. According to some, timbre, along with pitch, intensity, and duration, would name the fourth fundamental aspect of sounds deemed musical. But while attempts have been made to find in timbre an objectively quantifiable and measurable aspect of sound—and one that characterizes specific instruments as such—the concept actually lumps together a number of different and irreducibly particular sonic phenomena. The continued use of the term timbre reveals less an investment in objectivity than an ongoing attachment to sonic origins and traditional instrumentation—an attachment that extended techniques and electronic manipulation, for example, have revealed as conceptually outmoded and thus ideologically motivated. Similarly, the notion of noise that circulates in musical theory as sounds without precise pitch presents itself as scientific. Yet the notion surreptitiously puts into play the ambiguity enclosed in the term noise: both a sound from whatever source and a sound that is a nuisance or that is otherwise negatively valued. As with timbre, the insistence on something like objective noise and the upholding of the noise/sound distinction function as artificial limitations on music as composed and heard.
Sounds from the South
Authors: Chambers Iain
Published: December 2011

Inspired by the Deleuzian imperative to think with, rather than of, cinema, this article considers Mediterranean musics less in terms of historical and cultural testimony and more as an ongoing composition of a mobile critical syntax. The southern and subaltern sounds that are heard and registered permit travel in the musical archive and there configure a critical cartography that continually exceeds and interrogates habitual understandings imposed by national boundaries and limited linguistic communities. Ultimately these sounds come to chart the limits of a modernity, and its framing of the Mediterranean, that turns out not to be merely ours to control and define.
A rare case of giant popliteal artery aneurysm in a young adult
Authors: Gao XiXiang , Qi LiXing , Chen Bing , Yu HengXi , Li JianXin , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2011

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare in the general population, but are the most common peripheral aneurysms. PAAs are often bilateral and are associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. They usually affect older men with established cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Whenever they occur in younger men, other more unusual etiologies such as trauma, mycotic aneurysm, inflammatory arteritis or popliteal entrapment are responsible. The authors report a rare case of giant congenital PAA, revealed by acute limb ischemia in a 23-year-old patient. The evolution after resection of the popliteal aneurysm and end-to-end anastomosis with synthetic graft was favorable.
Transapical access for thoracic endograft delivery
Authors: Kölbel Tilo , Treede Hendrik , Carpenter Sebastian William , Diener Holger , Larena-Avellaneda Axel , Debus Eike Sebastian
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this paper is to describe the technique of transapical deployment of a thoracic endograft and to discuss the specifics of this access. The technique of endograft deployment through a transapical access is demonstrated in a patient with a symptomatic 14-cm aortic arch aneurysm. The 73-year-old patient, with concomitant chronic obstructive airway disease and cardiovascular disease, had been denied open surgery. Femoral artery access was deemed contraindicated because of a more distal concomitant type III thoracoabdominal aneurysm, borderline renal failure and heavily calcified iliac arteries. Bilateral iliac–subclavian debranching and thoracic endografting via a combined transapical and left subclavian access successfully excluded the thoracic aortic aneurysm. The patient died within 24 hours postoperatively due to a massive myocardial infarction. In conclusion, transapical access for thoracic endograft delivery is feasible. Combined with complex debranching procedures in a challenging aneurysmal anatomy, it carries a high risk for periprocedural complications.
Effect of Accuracy of Temperature Measurements on Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching in Liquid Media
Authors: Kobasko N. I.
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a detailed discussion is provided regarding an effect of the accuracy of temperature measurements on the evaluation of heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) during quenching in liquid media. Some published results on the use of test probes for HTC determination are discussed. These results show that the values of HTCs obtained under the same quench conditions and using test probes of the same size differ by 5 to 8 times. This is a major reason for the writing of this paper. Understanding why there is such big difference in the experimental values for the HTC is very important in planning a study for the development of a global database for different kinds of quenchants. This understanding will help scientists and engineers to develop new, correct data on HTCs needed for computer simulations and for improving the quenching processes of steel parts.
Workplace Sexual Harassment in Two General Hospitals in Taiwan: The Incidence, Perception, and Gender Differences
Authors: Wang Liang‐Jen , Chen Chih‐Ken , Sheng Yi‐Chen , Lu Pei‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Huei‐Jun , Lin Jyh‐Sheng
Published: December 2011

Workplace Sexual Harassment in Two General Hospitals in Taiwan: The Incidence, Perception, and Gender Differences: Liang‐Jen WANG, et al. Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Taiwan—

Objectives

The aims of this study were to examine sexual harassment (SH) among hospital staffs in Taiwan, in terms of three‐month incidence rate, the frequency of each type and the perception of SH, perpetrated by coworkers, patients and patients' families and to investigate the gender differences for these issues.

Methods

The subjects were employees at two general hospitals in Taiwan. The self‐administered “Hospital Sexual Harassment Questionnaire” was sent to eligible staff, and the voluntary respondents answered the questionnaire anonymously. There were 536 respondents available for analysis, with an overall response rate of 43.4%.

Results

The three‐month incidence rates of SH by coworkers, patients, and patients' families in our study population were 2.4, 4.3, and 1.7%, respectively. Telling sexual jokes was the most common type of SH. The males had greater opportunities to be exposed to porn videos by their coworkers. The females were more frequently exposed to sex jokes and remarks made by patients and their family members and unwanted physical touching by patients in the workplace. There were significant differences with regard to the perception of sex jokes and sexually explicit verbal descriptions as SH or not between genders.

Conclusions

The information in this study can be a helpful reference for administrators in hospitals when they are establishing education plans and policies. It might be possible to prevent sexual harassment and misunderstandings between genders and to further avoid the negative impact on the emotional well‐being of workers in hospitals.
A generic unified reinforced concrete model
Authors: Oehlers Deric J. , Ali M. S. Mohamed , Griffith Michael C. , Haskett Matthew , Lucas Wade
Published: December 2011

The behaviour of reinforced concrete members with ductile steel reinforcing bars at the ultimate limit state is extremely complex. Consequently, there has been a tendency for the seemingly disparate research areas of flexure, shear and confinement to follow separate paths in order to develop safe approaches to design. In this paper, it is shown how the already much researched and established, but somewhat peripheral, areas of reinforced concrete research of shear friction, partial interaction and rigid body displacements can be combined to produce a single unified reinforced concrete model that simulates the moment–rotation of hinges and their capacities, the shear deformation across critical diagonal cracks leading to failure and the effect of confinement on these behaviours. It is shown that this unified reinforced concrete model is completely generic, as it can be used to simulate reinforced concrete members with any type of reinforcement material (including brittle steel or fibre-reinforced polymer), various cross-sectional shapes of reinforcement (not only round bars but also flat externally bonded or rectangular near surface mounted adhesively bonded plates) and any type of concrete (e.g. high-strength or fibre-reinforced concrete). This new model, therefore, should allow the development of more accurate and safe design procedures as well as enabling more rapid development of new technologies.
The Gender Asymmetric Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Ackerman Jeff , Field Layton
Published: December 2011

Our research examined the association between intimate partner violence and relationship satisfaction among victims. The negative association between victimization and relationship satisfaction was substantially stronger for females than for males. Comparisons between respondents reporting about same-sex relationships with those reporting about opposite-sex relationships provided evidence that the amplified victimization/satisfaction association among female victims is a victim-gender effect rather than an actor-gender effect. In other words, our findings suggest that aggression harms the quality of the intimate partnerships of females much more so than the partnerships of males regardless of whether a male or a female is the perpetrator. We supplemented dialogue about the direct implications of our findings with discussions about how these results may raise conceptual questions about the adequacy of the instruments scholars use to study partner aggression.
Evaluations of Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Guilt and Legal Elements for Male and Female Aggressors Using Various Coercive Strategies
Authors: Russell Brenda L. , Oswald Debra L. , Kraus Shane W.
Published: December 2011

This study examines the extent to which verdict, guilt, and legal components associated with jury instructions of sexual assault differ as a function of aggressor gender, participant gender, and sexual strategy used (consensual, verbal coercion, alcohol, or physical aggression) to obtain sex. Participants (N = 423; 276 women and 147 men) read a vignette depicting either a couple having consensual sex (control), or a male or female aggressor who initiates sexual intercourse via verbal coercion, use of alcohol, or physical abuse. College students were provided with legal instructions of sexual assault then asked to provide a verdict, degree of guilt, and legal components. Female participants rated guilt and coercion higher than did male participants. Ratings of guilt were highest in the physical assault condition followed by the alcohol, verbal, and control conditions. Female aggressors were rated less guilty than male aggressors. Results are explained in relation to sexual scripts and legal decision making. Lack of significance in verdict decisions and interaction effects suggests male and female aggressors are evaluated similarly using coercive strategies; yet, consent for sex was assumed and attributions of guilt was lower when the aggressor was female. Implications for jury instructions and future research are discussed.
Victim of and Witness to Violence: An Interactional Perspective on Mothers’ Perceptions of Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Vatnar Solveig Karin Bø , Bjørkly Stål
Published: December 2011

This article reports a study of how mothers perceive the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and children’s exposure to IPV: (a) Do interactional aspects of IPV have a negative impact on the fetus during pregnancy or on the newborn baby? and (b) Is there a relationship between interactional aspects of IPV and (a) children’s risk of being exposed to IPV and (b) the age of the child when at risk for exposure to IPV? A representative sample of 137 IPV help-seeking mothers in Norway was interviewed. Severity of physical IPV and injury from sexual IPV increased the risk of consequences to the fetus. Frequency of physical and psychological IPV increased the likelihood of children’s exposure. Duration of the partnership increased the risk of children’s exposure to physical and sexual IPV. Finally, there was a negative linear association between children’s age when exposed for the first time and frequency of physical and psychological IPV.
A Case Management Experience: Implementing Best Practice Guidelines in the Community
Authors: Prentice Dawn , Ritchie Linda , Reynolds Marilyn , Kitson Maureen , Smith Jennifer , Schenck Tracey
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the implementation of a best practice guideline (BPG) in a community setting using a case management model. The role of the case manager is presented as well as the process of evaluation. Challenges to implementing a BPG in a community setting are also addressed.
EMDR Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Konuk Emre , Epözdemir Hejan , Atçeken Şirin Hacıömeroğlu , Aydın Yunus Emre , Yurtsever Asena
Published: December 2011

This pilot study was conducted at Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Istanbul, to investigate the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on migraine headache by specifically treating traumas related to headaches. The sample consisted of 11 Turkish participants with chronic daily headache: 9 women (mean age of 31.7 years) and 2 men (mean age of 30.5 years). Participants had a history of migraine ranging from 2 to 30 years (mean = 12 years). Variables included participant daily ratings of headache frequency, duration, and intensity; medication intake; hospital emergency room (ER) visits; and scores on the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire. The results showed a significant decrease in headache frequency and duration with no reduction in pain intensity. There was a significant decrease in the use of painkillers and ER visits. All results were maintained at 3-month follow-up, providing some preliminary evidence that EMDR may be effective and useful as an alternative treatment for migraine.
Removal of pharmaceuticals using combination of UV/H2O2/O3 advanced oxidation process
Authors: Lester Y. , Avisar D. , Gozlan I. , Mamane H.
Published: December 2011

Water and wastewater effluents contain a vast range of pharmaceutical chemicals. The present study aims to determine the potential of the advanced oxidation technology UV/H2O2/O3 and its sub-processes (i.e. UV, UV/H2O2, UV/O3, O3 and H2O2/O3) for the degradation of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and trimethoprim (TMP), and the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide (CPD) from water. Creating AOP conditions improved in most cases the degradation rate of the target compounds (compared with O3 and UV alone). H2O2 concentration was found to be an important parameter in the UV/H2O2 and H2O2/O3 sub-processes, acting as •OH initiator as well as •OH scavenger. Out of the examined processes, O3 had the highest degradation rate for TMP and H2O2/O3 showed highest degradation rate for CIP and CPD. The electrical energy consumption for both CIP and CPD, as calculated using the EEO parameter, was in the following order: UV > UV/O3 > UV/H2O2/O3 > O3 > H2O2/O3. Whereas for TMP O3 was shown to be the most electrical energy efficient. Twelve degradation byproducts were identified following direct UV photolysis of CIP.
Preparation and characterization of fouling-resistant composite membranes based on layer-by-layer self-assembly technique
Authors: Duan J. L. , Zhang H. M. , Wang C. C. , Li H. Y. , Yang F. L.
Published: December 2011

This paper introduces a versatile approach for surface modification of 621-terylene filtration fabric (FF) self-assembled by a dynamic layer-by-layer technique. The hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) and cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol microspheres (PVA-MS) were alternatively deposited on support membrane under a pressure of 0.01 MPa to modify FF. Morphological changes and hydrophilicity of the modified FF were characterized in detail by scanning electron micrograph and water contact angle measurements. Results revealed that PVA-MS could be adsorbed mainly on the surface of FF and water contact angle decreased with the increase of HTAB/PVA-MS bilayer numbers indicating an enhanced hydrophilicity for the modified FF. Backwash experiments of the modified FF exhibited much higher stability of PVA-MS. Protein adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the antifouling property of the modified FF. Results indicated that protein adsorption of the membrane surface could be obviously improved by modification, which exhibited superior antifouling property of the modified FF.
Influence of operating conditions on ceramic ultrafiltration membrane performance when treating textile effluents
Authors: Barredo-Damas S. , Alcaina-Miranda M. I. , Gemma M. , Iborra-Clar M. I. , Mendoza-Roca J. A.
Published: December 2011

This work studies the performance of three commercial ceramic ultrafiltration membranes (ZrO2–TiO2) treating raw effluent from a textile industry. The effect of crossflow velocity at 3, 4 and 5 m s−1 as well as membrane characteristics, such as molecular weight cut-off (30, 50 and 150 kDa), on process performance were studied. Experiments were carried out in concentration mode in order to observe the effect of volume reduction factor simultaneously. Results showed a combined influence of both crossflow velocity and molecular weight cut-off on flux performance. TOC and COD removals up to 70% and 84% respectively were reached. On the other hand, almost complete color (>97%) and turbidity (>99%) removals were achieved for all the membranes and operating conditions.
Characterization and degradation process of sludge profiles inside a facultative pond (Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Faleschini M. , Esteves J. L.
Published: December 2011

To investigate the characteristics and degradation process in sludge profile, three sampling sessions were made in three different places inside the primary facultative pond of Puerto Madryn city, which was located in a region with a temperate climate in coastal Patagonia (Argentina). The sludge showed an extremely negative redox potential (between −441 and −282 mV) and elevated water content and organic matter concentration, ranging from 83.3 to 97.1% for porosity and from 22.5 to 64.4% for organic matter. The surface layer at the Outlet station during the summer showed the greatest concentration of pigments, reaching a maximum value of 10.6 mg/g for chlorophyll-a and 40.9 mg/g for phaeophytin, and a fast diminution with sediment depth. The important concentration of pigment in the surface layer, coincident with phytoplankton bloom in the water column, could support the importance of nitrogen removal via uptake and organic sedimentation in the water column. In warm months the degradation rate was clear, as reflected in a decrease in sediment layer, and even part of the clay bottom was captured inside an 8 cm core sample, registering extremely low concentrations of pigments, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The season and the degree of treatment have an influence on sludge characteristics and the organic matter degradation process.
A framework for considering externalities in urban water asset management
Authors: Marlow David , Pearson Leonie , MacDonald Darla Hatton , Whitten Stuart , Burn Stewart
Published: December 2011

Urban communities rely on a complex network of infrastructure assets to connect them to water resources. There is considerable capital investment required to maintain, upgrade and extend this infrastructure. As the remit of a water utility is broader than just financial considerations, infrastructure investment decisions must be made in light of environmental and societal issues. One way of facilitating this is to integrate consideration of externalities into decision making processes. This paper considers the concept of externalities from an asset management perspective. A case study is provided to show the practical implications to a water utility and asset managers. A framework for the inclusion of externalities in asset management decision making is also presented. The potential for application of the framework is highlighted through a brief consideration of its key elements.
Experimental study of a novel hybrid constructed wetland for water reuse and its application in Southern China
Authors: Zhai J. , Xiao H. W. , Kujawa-Roeleveld K. , He Q. , Kerstens S. M.
Published: December 2011

A new type of hybrid constructed wetland (CW), consisting of both vertical-baffled flow wetland (VBFW) and horizontal subsurface flow wetland (HSFW), has been deployed in Southern China to naturally accelerate the removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The hybrid CW system is characterised by a combination of continuous baffled flow vertical wetland and ‘S’ pattern horizontal subsurface flow wetland with natural aeration ditches to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the HSFW bed. An internal circulatory system from the HSFW effluent back to the VBFW may optionally be operated to enhance the biological denitrification effect. Cyperus alternifolius is the main macrophyte in the wetland bed. The performance of the hybrid CW was studied with a pilot-scale system and three full-scale systems for municipal sewage treatment in Southern China. The results suggest that this new hybrid CW can achieve removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of better than 83.6, 95.0, 71.7, 64.5 and 68.1% respectively, with a specific wetland bed area of 0.70–0.93 m2 PE−1. The mean effluent concentrations of these parameters would meet the regulatory discharge limits for wastewater treatment systems (GB18918, 2002) and reuse in the context of agricultural irrigation solutions in China.
The Balanced Scorecard: The Effect of Strategy Information on Performance Evaluation Judgments
Authors: Humphreys Kerry A. , Trotman Ken T.
Published: December 2011

Judging divisional performance using the balanced scorecard is a complex task, with prior research finding a bias toward measures common to two divisions when managerial performance is evaluated. We conduct two experiments investigating the role of strategy information and strategically linked performance measures in eliminating this bias and establish a boundary condition for the common measures bias. We demonstrate that when strategy information is provided to managers and only some measures are strategically linked, the common measures bias exists (consistent with Banker et al. 2004). We find that when all the performance measures are strategically linked, but no strategy information is provided, the common measures bias also exists. However, if strategy information is provided and all measures are strategically linked (a condition which did not exist in previous research), the common measures bias is eliminated.