bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of influencing factors of electrostatic detection system based on double electrode
Authors: Chen Hong , Zha Bingting , Wang Chengjun , Zhong Qi
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the influence of various factors of the electrostatic induction system on the object information of double-electrode electrostatic detection. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, we first establish a system model and a mathematical model for single-electrode electrostatic detection. We analyze the effect of various factors on the target information of single-electrode electrostatic detection. On this basis, a novel double-electrode electrostatic detection model is introduced, and detection rational is explained in detail. A comparative study using theory and computer simulation is conducted. The results show that the novel double-electrode electrostatic detection system performs significantly better than its single-electrode counterpart. We also observe that the vertical detection distance has a greater impact on the detection performance compared to the interval between the two electrodes. Moreover, we find that the vertical detection distance and the interval between the two electrodes have a much more substantial influence on the electrostatic detection performance than other intrinsic factors.
Thermal nondestructive testing: traditional approaches and novel trends (review)
Authors: Vavilov V. P
Published: April 2024

In the last years, thermal testing has shown up as a quickly growing nondestructive evaluation technique. This is explained by wide implementation of composite materials in many industrial spheres, first of all, aviation and aerospace. Inspection of composites by means of traditional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods encounters some difficulties, which can successfully be overcome by using thermal NDT. Moreover, an overwhelming progress in development and commercialization of infrared imagers also took place in the last two decades. On the basis of earlier reviews in the field of thermal NDT, the author has attempted to summarize recent achievements in this field, including inspection methodologies and data processing, as well as development of thermal NDT equipment and applications of this technique. The review describes both national achievements and international approaches, which have been lately proposed in thermal NDT thus making this technique a very promising in NDT of some classes of materials and constructions.
Development of approaches to real-time optical diagnostics for laser weld formation process using laser emission spectroscopy
Authors: Maslov N. A , Konstantinov S. A , Malikov A. G
Published: April 2024

Welding of metals is subject to various random processes that degrade the quality of the weld, ranging from the presence of inhomogeneities in the metal to spontaneously occurring pulsating processes. Pre-weld destructive testing cannot eliminate the presence of inhomogeneities and is ineffective for spontaneous deviations in the welding process. Therefore, the development of new approaches for real-time diagnosis of the laser welding process is particularly relevant today, especially with the widespread implementation of fiber lasers. The objective of this study was to develop approaches for optical diagnostics of the process of forming heterogeneous material based on laser emission spectroscopy. An experimental setup was created to develop approaches for optical diagnostics of the process of forming heterogeneous material, which is a critical task for additive technologies and laser welding. It was demonstrated that for industrially relevant aluminum alloys 1420, 1580, AMG (Russia), it is possible to record the spectra of the gas-plasma plume that occurs when laser radiation interacts with the metal surface. These spectra depend on the radiation exposure conditions and reflect the processes of atom and molecule evaporation from the molten pool. Further research will allow establishing the nature of this connection and developing optimal modes for technological processes, enabling real-time control of these processes.
Application of the parameters of the remagnetization curve`s spectral characteristics to determine the hardness of ferromagnetic material
Authors: Sokolov R. A , Muratov K. R , Novikov V. F
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses the results of the practical application of the harmonic components obtained in the analysis of the magnetic hysteresis loop to determine the hardness of steel. The magnetic characteristics of steel, including the magnetic hysteresis loop, were determined using a DIUS-1.15M magnetic structureoscope. Using the group method of data handling by the value of odd harmonic components, a complex parameter was detected. The weighting coefficients of the influence of harmonic components on the value of the complex parameter were determined. By the example of considering the dependences of coercive force, residual induction and the complex parameter obtained by the method of group argument accounting on the Brinell hardness of the material, it is shown that the complex parameter can be used to determine the hardness with the smallest error.
Automatic system of individual dosimetric control Coros-333
Authors: Surdo A. I , Abashev R. M , Krasnoperov V. S , Milman I. I , Moiseikin E. V , Boyarintsev A. I
Published: April 2024

The Russian and foreign thermoluminescent (TL) systems of individual dosimetric control used in the nuclear industry and in radiation monitoring are compared, their limitations are indicated. A new automated system for individual dosimetric control COROS-333 is described, which uses the effect of optically stimulated luminescence and surpasses TL analogs in many parameters and is designed to measure personal dose equivalent for the whole body, the lens of the eye, and skin.
Control of the appearance of fuel pellets ends surfaces in a conveyor production
Authors: Vlasov E. V , Beloborodov A. V , Zav'yalov P. S , Syretskiy D. G
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problem of quality control of fuel pellets for nuclear reactors. During the development of the control system, various methods for obtaining and processing images of pellet surfaces were investigated. The main difficulty of this task is the imperfect quality of the resulting image of the inspected object, as well as the limited time for its processing. Software and hardware tools and algorithms have been developed for high-performance inspection of fuel pellet geometry, which significantly increase the reliability of inspection results. As a result of the work, stable images with a high degree of repeatability and sufficient resolution have been obtained, suitable for subsequent high-performance, reliable mathematical processing. A high degree of independence of the image and processing results from the individual characteristics of individual products and their batches has been achieved.
Non-destructive evaluation of internal cracks in glass fiber reinforced composites using the laser shearing interferometry method
Authors: Akhoundi Behnam , Modanloo Vahid
Published: April 2024

Laser shearing interferometry is one of the new methods of non-destructive testing, which is based on the interference of monochromatic waves reflected from the surface of the sample. This method can evaluate the entire surface of the sample with high accuracy and speed, by directly measuring the out-of-plane displacement gradient. In this paper, the possibility of detecting subsurface cracks with various lengths and angles in composite samples has been investigated using the shearing method and thermal stimulation system. To this aim, artificial and controlled cracks of different lengths and angles were created in the manufactured composites. After validating the performance of the shearing arrangement, two radiation heat sources were used to apply the load on the samples. The effect of loading size variables, shearing size and direction, crack length, and their angle on the quality of the results was investigated. The results show that the change in loading size plays a more important role than the change in shearing size in correct crack detection. To achieve the best results in crack detection on the selected samples, optimal loading in thermal mode equal to 12 and 15 seconds from the front of the sample was obtained. Moreover, the optimal size of the shearing in the examined composite samples was estimated to be about 10% of the width of the image recorded by the camera. Using the optimized values, all subsurface cracks were identified.
Technique for measuring the thickness of a non-conductive coatings on a non-magnetic electrically conductive base metals with automatic take account of the influence of the specific electrical conductivity of the base metal
Authors: Syasko M. V , Soloviev I. P , Solomenchuk P. V
Published: April 2024

The results of measurements of the thickness of a non-conductive coating on an electrically conductive non-magnetic base metal using the existing amplitude technique of eddy current non-destructive testing are strongly influenced by the specific electrical conductivity of the base metal. To eliminate this problem, it is proposed to use an eddy current probe with amplitude-phase signal processing. Its graduation is carried out using several base metals with different specific electrical conductivity using a coating thickness simulator, the number of graduation points is comparable to the resolution of the thickness gauge. To calculate the thickness of the coating, taking into account the specific electrical conductivity of the base, an algorithm is used to determine the involvement of a point in a polygon.
Influence of interfering parameters on the results of continuity control of coatings by the electric spark method
Authors: Gnivush I. S , Syasko V. A , Musikhin A. S
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the influence of the surface roughness of the electrically conductive base and partial discharges on the process of testing dielectric coatings by the electrospark method is given. The simulation results and the obtained dependencies made it possible to formulate proposals regarding the operating modes of the equipment and the principles of fixing the discharge current, which reduce their influence on the reliability of the control.
Ultrasonic adhesion control of special coatings
Authors: Bychenok V. A , Khizhnyak S. A , Sorokin A. A , Simonenko A. G , Berkutov I. V , Alifanova I. E , Shmakov A. M , Dyachkovsky E. I
Published: April 2024

Quality control of coatings is an urgent task. Of interest is not only the detection of a defect in the coating in the form of detachment from the substrate or delamination between layers of a multilayer coating, but also the detection of the place of probable defect formation in the form of a site with reduced adhesion. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the possibility of using the reflected radiation method (echo method) of an acoustic type of non-destructive testing with optical-acoustic generation of acoustic vibrations to assess the adhesion between the coating layers and between the coating and the substrate. The objective of this work is to establish a correlation between the acoustic characteristics of coatings and the tear strength of coatings. The relevance of the work is emphasized by the lack of methods and means of non-destructive testing of adhesion of coatings with proven effectiveness and reliability to date. In order to achieve this goal, coating samples with embedded artificial defects were developed and manufactured. A correlation was established between the acoustic characteristics of the coating and the tear-off strength of the coating, confirmed as a result of mechanical tests, which emphasizes the scientific novelty of the research.
Digital equipment and algorithms for determining the basic parameters of piezoelectric elements in pulsed excitation mode
Authors: Ivanov N. M , Kondakov E. V , Miloslavsky Yu. K
Published: April 2024

A method for measuring the spectrum of complex admittance of piezoelectric elements in the pulsed excitation mode and its digital implementation is proposed. The method reduces the duration of measurements, and the processing algorithm increases the accuracy of the estimated parameters. To determine the characteristic frequencies, Q-factor and parallel capacitance, an algorithm of fractional-rational approximation of the frequency dependence of the complex admittance in the resonant frequency range is used.
Density study of thermoexpanded graphite samples by acoustic amplitude-shadow method
Authors: Bogdan O. P , Muraveva O. V , Blinova A. V , Zlobin D. V
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of the study of sensitivity of the acoustic method of density control for samples of expanded graphite based on registration of changes in the amplitude of the signal passed through the sample due to density changes. The results have shown that the limiting sensitivity of the method is commensurable with an error of density measurement by direct weight method and mass and equal to 26 kg/m3 and 0.02 g. The unevenness of the density distribution over the area of TEG samples of different thickness was evaluated, and the amplitude excursion of the signal transmitted through the sample, proportional to the density deviation, for some sheets reached up to 50%, for mats - 30%, and the smallest did not exceed 10%. In the process of scanning, an inversely proportional dependence of the amplitude of the passed acoustic signal on the average density of the samples was revealed, which is most expressed for small thicknesses of TEG mats and sheets.
Low-velocity impact damage detection in cfrp laminates based on ultrasonic phased-array ndt technique
Authors: Zou Xionghui , Gao Weicheng , Liu Guozeng
Published: April 2024

To investigate the delamination characteristics of CFRP laminates in Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) state, Low-Velocity Impact Tests (LVIT) and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) were employed. The energy thresholds of six diverse ply-stacking sequences of laminates in the BVID state were established utilizing visual inspection and contact measurement methods. Ultrasonic phased-array NDT techniques were employed to evaluate quantitatively the magnitude of delamination damage from different viewpoints, including delamination area, shape, and trend variation. Furthermore, the impact resistance of laminates was qualitatively evaluated by analyzing the distinctive delamination damage forms of various specimens to identify the effects of the ply-stacking sequence. The findings of this study demonstrate that reducing the angle disparity between adjacent plies and minimizing the repetition of identical plies can mitigate delamination damage. Additionally, enhancing the ratio of ±45 and 0° plies can improve the flexural stiffness of the structure. Specifically, the ultrasonic phased-array NDT technique was shown to effectively detect delamination damage within the laminate in the BVID state.
A circular eddy current probe using miniature fluxgates for multi-orientation slit evaluation in steel components
Authors: Saari Mohd Mawardi , Nadzri Nurul A'in , Zaini Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera , Sulaiman Mohd Herwan , Kiwa Toshihiko
Published: April 2024

Detection of crack propagation, such as its direction and depth, is one of the important aspects in ensuring the safety and reliability of steel structures. This study presents a development of a circular eddy current excitation probe using a planar differential miniature fluxgate to detect vertical and horizontal slits. The probe utilizes a circular eddy current excitation technique that induces multi-direction eddy currents in a mild steel plate and a sensing configuration based on the tangential magnetic response. The performances of the developed probe were characterized based on line and 2-D map scans of the magnetic response due to the induced eddy currents in mild-steel samples from different orientations and depths of artificial slits. The results showed that the developed probe obtained a signal correlation with the slit depth at different slit orientations. The vertical and horizontal slits were able to be visualized from the magnetic field distribution, where the differential imaginary component had a better detection sensitivity for the vertical slits represented by the measured peak-to-peak signals. The detection of multi-orientation slits revealed that the slit orientation could be estimated from the magnetic response maps with a detection limit of 5 mm in the slit length and 0.5 mm in the slit width, respectively.
On the possibility of determining the elastic modulus of metals by the dynamic instrumented indentation method
Authors: Gogolinskii K. V , Umanskii A. S , Golev A. S
Published: April 2024

The study was carried out as part of the development of a non-destructive method for measuring the mechanical properties of metals and alloys based on the dynamic instrumented indentation method. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of measuring the modulus of elasticity using a modified Leeb hardness tester. The experiment was carried out on samples of 20X25H20C2, 20X23H18, BpA9Zh4H4Mts1 alloys.
Comparative analysis of acoustic anisotropy of pipes and sheets using SH- and tH-waves
Authors: Volkova L. V , Murav'eva O. V , Kolpakov K. V
Published: April 2024

The results of comparative studies of acoustic anisotropy of tH-waves and SH-waves in plates and tubes of different thickness are presented. Turning of polarization direction due to the corresponding orientation of transducers allowed to estimate the angular indicatrix of wave velocity relatively to the rolling direction. Significant differences in acoustic anisotropy of tH-waves and SH-waves are shown for both tubes and sheets.
The structure perfection studies of LiCaAlF6 crystals by laser acoustics technique
Authors: Zheleva E. B , Semashko V. V , Shaveliev A. A , Morozov O. A , Kyashkin V. M , Karabutov A. A , Brodnikovsky Yu. P
Published: April 2024

The acoustic properties of LiCaAlF6 crystals and the annealing procedure impact on them were studied. The velocities of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves along the direction of the optical c-axis of the crystals were measured by laser acoustics, and the mechanical constants were determined: modules of elasticity, all-round compression, shear, and Poisson's ratio. It has been established that the attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic waves in the 1-15 MHz frequency range can serve as a characteristic of the optical perfection of the crystals. The effect of ultrasonic annealing of LiCaAlF6 crystal samples under prolonged exposure by pulsed ultrasound was discovered.
Application of the acoustic emission method for ranking by fatigue damage of the material of trunnions of drying cylinders of cardboard and paper-making machines
Authors: Rastegaev I. A , Khrustalev A. K , Danyuk A. V , Afanas'yev M. A , Merson D. L , Sevast'yanov D. V , Melent'ev S. V , Plyusnin A. D
Published: April 2024

Using the example of assessing the technical condition of the trunnions of drying cylinders of cardboard-making machines (CDM), the question of the possibility of ranking cyclically loaded elements of dynamic equipment according to the degree of damage to their material by fatigue cracks using acoustic emission (AE) measurements is discussed. As a result of special laboratory studies with varying loads in the cycle of loading and lubrication of the crack banks, the features of AE from the friction of the crack banks and plastic deformation at the crack tip during its growth in a viscous material have been established. It is shown that during cyclic loading of the material, AE signals from the friction of its shores are detected more steadily than AE signals from a crack jump with an increase in its length, and that tracking the former ensures the detection of fatigue damage of the material even under loading conditions insufficient for crack growth. Based on the data obtained, three AE signs of the presence of fatigue damage of the material of the elements of dynamic equipment were developed under the condition of cyclic activation of the movement of the crack banks. As a result of industrial testing of the developed AE features, their operability was confirmed and their boundary values on the operating trunnions of CDM drying cylinders were clarified, and a method for ranking trunnions by the level of damage by fatigue cracks was proposed. By comparing the results of AE measurements with ultrasound control, the reliability of the proposed approach was evaluated, which showed the probability of detecting a fatigue crack in the trunnions of CDM drying cylinders at the level of 71 %, with the probability of their skipping and false rejection of the product 12 and 17 %, respectively. The developed technique is also transferable to other massive dynamic equipment after clarifying the boundary values of AE signs of fatigue damage of the material on this type of object.
Development of an empirical model for damage degree assessment of steel specimens based on the results of acoustic emission signal flow statistical processing
Authors: Marchenkov A. Yu , Vasiliev I. E , Chernov D. V , Zhgut D. A , Pankina A. A , Kovaleva T. Yu , Kulikova E. A
Published: April 2024

The study is devoted to acoustic emission (AE) method application for monitoring the state of structural materials at the inelastic and ultimate deformation stages. The possibilities of using the standard AE signal parameters recorded at the inelastic and ultimate deformation stages to assess the damage degree of steel specimens were investigated. It was shown that such parameters as the maximum amplitude of the recorded AE signals and their AE activity did not have a clear correlation with the damage degree of products made of structural steel and alloys. This makes it difficult to apply standard methods for assessing the damage degree of structural steels. The feasibility of monitoring the state of damage of 30KhGSA alloyed steel at the inelastic and ultimate stages by the evaluation of partial activity of the high-energy AE signals weight content was presented. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion was used to separate the processes of ductile and brittle fracture.
Improvement of tfm-image quality due to correction of “parasitic” delays between antenna array elements
Authors: Bazulin E. G
Published: April 2024

If there is a spread of “parasitic” delays between the elements of the antenna array, more than one fourth of the carrier frequency period, the quality of the reflector image reconstructed by the digital antenna focusing (DAF) method will deteriorate due to non-optimal focusing. The paper proposes a method to take into account the influence of “parasitic” delays between antenna array elements during DFA image reconstruction. Its application allowed to increase the frontal resolving ability of the CFA-image of reflectors approximately twice when using a low-quality antenna array with a range of “parasitic” delays in one period. CFA-images reconstructed taking into account the coherent factor are presented.
Thermal testing of corundum ceramic plates
Authors: Chernykh S. E , Kostin V. N , Komolikov Yu. I
Published: April 2024

A review of the methods of production of corundum ceramics with specified characteristics is carried out and possible causes of hidden defects are indicated. Ceramic samples for research were obtained by the method of slip casting and their physical properties were determined. The possibility of diagnosing the integrity of corundum ceramic plates was investigated by the method of active thermal non-destructive testing. Various testing schemes and sources of thermal stimulation of the studied samples were applied. As a reference method, X-ray inspection was used, which confirmed the characteristics of the defect detected by the thermal method in the control sample.
Development of the algorithm for the movement of the measuring module of the system of automated non-destructive testing of the nozzle of a lpre
Authors: Malyy V. V , Kostyukhin A. S , Fedorov A. V , Kinzhagulov I. Y
Published: April 2024

The paper considers the development of the algorithm for the movement of the measuring module of the system of automated non-destructive testing of solder joints of the nozzle of a liquid propellant rocket engine (LPRE). The object of control, the flaws in soldered joints that arise during the manufacturing process, as well as the problems of production and testing of assembly units, are described. The main factors that reduce the probability of detecting defects are determined, and solutions are proposed. The necessity of using route construction algorithms in the developed traffic algorithm is substantiated. An algorithm for obtaining the path of the transducer movement for the measuring module of the system of automated non-destructive testing of solder joints is defined to detect such defects as "dry joint", "cold lap" and "partial dry joint".
The possibilities of the electromagnetic-acoustic multiple shadow method when testing the threads of pump rods
Authors: Muraveva O. V , Pushin P. N , Torkhov K. A
Published: April 2024

The possibility of detecting defects in the threads of pump rods by the multiple shadow method has been investigated. A specialized electromagnetic-acoustic transducer screwed onto the tested thread was used to implement the method. The proposed approach is based on the spectral method of signal processing and the analysis of the defect influence on the formation of the separate components in the signal spectrum caused by the presence of resonance properties of the thread.
Electromagnetic scanner of structurally heterogeneous media
Authors: Miroshnikov V. V , Grechishkina N. V
Published: April 2024

The principle of constructing an electromagnetic scanner for continuous monitoring of an operating industrial object is proposed, the principle monitoring the dynamics of defect development in real time, that allows determining the residual operating life of the monitored object.
Development of a sensor layout for a dynamic indentation device
Authors: Kolganov O. A , Khoshev A. E , Egorov R. A , Fedorov A. V , Lukyanov G. N , Konyashov V. V
Published: April 2024

Issues related to the design of a dynamic indentation sensor are presented in this paper. The use of a magnetic induction method for recording the motion parameters of a striker with a differential circuit of inductors is proposed. A prototype of the primary transducer and a sensor model with a new mechanism for the striker reset system are developed.
Ultrasound tomography based on the coefficient inverse problem as a way to combat structural noise
Authors: Bazulin E. G , Goncharsky A. V , Romanov S. Yu , Seryozhnikov S. Yu
Published: April 2024

The paper proposes to use the ultrasound tomography method based on the solution of the inverse coefficient problem to reduce the level of structural noise. Mathematical models used in ultrasonic tomogra-phy well describe such physical effects as refraction, diffraction and redispersion effects. It is logical to ex-pect that reconstruction of the internal structure of metallic samples using ultrasound tomography will be more efficient compared to digital antenna focusing (DAF) techniques. Due to the nonlinearity of the inverse problem of ultrasound tomography, an iterative MultiStage method is used to ensure convergence to the glob-al minima of the non-convexity functional. The paper presents the results of numerical experiments to restore the image of the internal structure of the welded joint, which may contain lateral cylindrical holes and crack models. The region of the welded metal is represented in the form of sections constructed according to the principle of Voronoi diagrams. In each section the velocity is constant and its value is randomly distributed. In the model adopted in the paper, the structural noise is formed due to multiple scattering at the boundaries of sections with different sound velocity. It was assumed that the antenna array is located on the outer surface of the control object of known thickness. The results obtained show that the tomographic method allows us to determine the shape and speed of sound in low-contrast reflectors, for which the CFA method is ineffective.
Nondestructive testing of local microcracking in laboratory mineral samples using an acoustic technique with a laser source of ultrasound and its verification with x-ray computer tomorgaphy
Authors: Podymova N. B , Ermolinskii A. B , Chernov M. S
Published: April 2024

An acoustic technique of nondestructive testing of a local microcracking degree in laboratory mineral samples is proposed based on laser generation of ultrasound. A spectral power of broadband signals of longitudinal ultrasonic waves is measured, which are generated by absorption of pulsed laser radiation in a special material served as a laser source of ultrasound and further scattered on microcracks in samples (the so called structural noise power). The direct relationship between an increase in microcracking and a growth in the structural noise power in scanning regions of the samples has been obtained for feldspars of two types. For the first time, an independent method of X-ray computer tomography of the complex-shaped samples confirmed the reliability of the results of acoustic measurements. The established relationship between the local microcracking and structural noise power can be used in the monitoring systems for observing the crack formation in rocks and minerals under different external loadings.
Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated cementitious matrix: characterization research to influence of time and current density
Authors: Rachadel Ana Carolina , Mazer Wellington
Published: April 2024

The depassivation of reinforcement caused by the reduction of concrete alkalinity due to the concrete carbonation process can induce the appearance of steel corrosion. The restoration of alkalinity can be done by chemical realkalinization (CRA) or electrochemical realkalinization (ERA) methods. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the influence of the application time and the current density used in the electrochemical realkalinization process. For the development of the research, mortar samples were molded with a reinforced bar for electrical connection and remained for 24 months in a carbonation chamber. After this period, the carbonation depth that occurred was verified and then the specimens were submitted to the electrochemical realkalinization process using 3 different current values, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5A/m2 and remained at different periods (7 , 14 and 21 days) in the recovery process. Additional tests of absorption, compressive strength, carbonation depth measurements, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also carried out on reference, carbonated and realkalinized specimens. Based on the results of the tests, it was observed that the recovery process starts after 7 days with the lowest current density used. A better current density x application time ratio was also observed considering the results of the mercury intrusion porosimetry and thermogravimetric analysis tests in conjunction with the realkalinization process.
Quality control technique for structural elements from lightweight materials based on soft x-ray radiation
Authors: Kishin I. A , Kidanova E. Y , Kubankin A. S , Sotnikova V. S
Published: April 2024

The paper describes a quality of non-destructive testing for the study of structural elements made of lightweight materials. The quality is based on the analysis of soft X-ray spectra. The test results for a pipe made of carbon fiber with an average wall thickness of 1 mm are presented. The possibility of constructing maps of the distribution of pipe wall thicknesses with an accuracy above 10 microns is shown.
Development of a technique for applying pa and tofd methods for mechanized ultrasonic testing of welded joints of main pipelines using the USD-60FR-16/128 flaw detector
Authors: Ajibaye D. A , Savichev M. P , Atroshenko V. V
Published: April 2024

A technique was developed and tested for selecting beam steering and focusing methods for mechanized ultrasonic testing of circumferential welds of pipelines up to 16 mm thick using phased antenna arrays. Criteria for the identification and interpretation of defects on the time-of-flight diffraction scans in the form of an atlas of defects were developed. The study was carried out using a new domestic flaw detector USD-60FR-16/128.
Comparative tests of mechanical characteristics and structure of basic and engineering plastic filaments for additive manufacturing
Authors: Abramova T. S , Bekher S. A
Published: April 2024

A comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of two plastics, basic and engineering, which are used in 3D-printing, was carried out. The lateral surface of the destroyed wire samples was studied under the Altami MET 1C microscope to assess the uniformity of the strain distribution along the length.
Ultrasonic testing through a thickened cladding
Authors: Mikhaylov I. V , Razygraev A. N , Razygraev N. P
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of studies of the effect of thickened repair anti-corrosion surfacing on pre-operational and in-service ultrasonic testing (UT) of the reactor vessel metal through anti-corrosion cladding in comparison with ultrasonic testing through standard surfacing provided for by the design documentation [1]. The paper estimates the distortion of acoustic fields of transducers of transverse and longitudinal waves and the detectability of defects during ultrasonic testing through cladding of different thicknesses and cladding with an inclined fusion zone from a thickness of 11 mm to a thickness of 18 mm
Effect of elastic-plastic deformation by biaxial tension on the magnetic characteristics of the nickel
Authors: Mushnikov A. N , Povolotskaya A. M , Zadvorkin S. M , Goruleva L. S , Putilova E. A
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in a test facility based on the original biaxial testing machine created at the IES UB RAS, designed to determine the physical properties of materials during elastic-plastic deformation independently along two axes. Finite element modeling of the stress-strain state of a cruciform nickel specimen has shown that, under symmetric biaxial tension, equivalent von Mises stresses are uniformly distributed in the central part. The results of microstructural studies indicate that dynamic recrystallization takes place in the material during biaxial deformation at room temperature. The results of studying the behavior of the hysteretic magnetic characteristics, magnetostriction, Barkhausen magnetic noise parameters, and electromagnetic parameters of nickel under biaxial symmetrical tension have been presented. A unique relationship between the coercive force and equivalent stresses in the region of plastic deformation has been revealed. It has been shown that such magnetic parameters as maximum magnetic permeability and the maximum in the field dependence of differential magnetic permeability, as well as the amplitude and frequency of the eddy current signal determined at a frequency of 10 kHz, vary monotonically with increasing equivalent stresses under both elastic and plastic deformations.
Experimental studies of changes in the acoustic properties of spheroplastics
Authors: Bychenok V. A , Seryi P. V , Firyulin D. R , Kinzhagulov I. Yu , Berkutov I. V , Alifanova I. E
Published: April 2024

The development of methods for non-destructive testing of water absorption of products from spheroplastics without the need to dismantle them is an urgent task. The ultrasonic method of the acoustic type for solving this problem can become an alternative to the currently used radiographic methods, hydrostatic weighing and mechanical testing. The purpose of this work is to study the relationship between the acoustic characteristics of spheroplasts and their water absorption. The objectives of this work are to estimate the propagation velocity of an ultrasonic wave in spheroplastics at different stages of research: in the initial state of the samples, after mechanical treatment, after water absorption, and after drying. Water absorption was indirectly estimated by weighing the samples. A relationship has been established between the acoustic characteristics of spheroplasts and their water absorption, which emphasizes the scientific novelty of the ongoing research. The results obtained are consistent with the theoretical prerequisites and provide grounds for further experimental studies to develop a technique for non-destructive testing of products made of spheroplasts.
Experience in the use of a roller multi-element phased array transducer for estimating the thickness of the pipeline wall
Authors: Kattasheva A. V , Vagapov R. K , Ridel I. A , Kirpichenko D. S , Manihin O. Yu
Published: April 2024

Scanning with a roller multi-element transducer on phased arrays of underground gas pipelines without removing the tape insulating coating was carried out in order to determine the thickness of the pipe wall
Model of influence of a rope defect on the spectrum of its free transverse vibrations
Authors: Muratov K. R , Sharopina I. A , Bevzyuk I. S , Sokolov R. A , Probotyuk V. V
Published: April 2024

In earlier work the possibility of diagnosing a defect of a steel wire rope by spectral composition of its free transverse vibrations was substantiated. In the present work, an analytical model of transverse vibrations of a steel wire rope with local damage is proposed. The presence of the defect in the model is taken into account only in the form of a loss of bending stiffness of the corresponding section without changing the specific mass along the length. The model represents three homogeneous rope sections “stitched” together, where the middle one represents a defective section with a lower value of bending stiffness. According to the model calculations, it is shown that the character of the dependence of the natural frequencies of oscillations on their number practically does not change in the presence of a defect. However, its presence and location affects the ratio of vibration amplitudes of undamaged sections, which can be used to monitor the condition of the rope.
Assessment of the influence of interfering factors on the measurement of the depth of surface cracks of rails during manual eddy current control
Authors: Shlyakhtenkov S. P , Becher S. A
Published: April 2024

Experimental studies have been carried out on the effect on the amplitude and phase of the signal of the eddy current converter of the angle of inclination, the curvature of the surface, the gap between the converter and the controlled surface of the rolling rail.
Mirror-shadow method of ultrasonic testing of the railroad wheelset axles using the electromagnetic-acoustic method of wave generation and reception
Authors: Platunov A. V , Murav'ev V. V , Murav'eva O. V , Nikitina P. A
Published: April 2024

The amplitude of the received signals during the ultrasonic testing of the railroad wheelset axles using the mirror-shadow method is significantly influenced by the quality of contact of the piezoelectric transducer with the cylindrical surface of the test object compared with the testing of objects with flat surfaces. The key reasons influencing the results of testing are the condition of the entry surface, its curvature, as well as the application force of the piezoelectric transducer. When using electromagnetic-acoustic transducers, the requirements for surface quality are significantly lower, which reduces the probability of errors associated with the quality of contact on a cylindrical surface during acceptance ultrasonic testing by the mirror-shadow method of the railroad wheelset axles after manufacture and repair.
Detecting and evaluating water ingress in horizontally oriented aviation honeycomb panels by using automated thermal nondestructive testing
Authors: Chulkov A. O , Shagdyrov B. I , Vavilov V. P , Kladov D. Yu , Stasevskiy V. I
Published: April 2024

Results of applying active thermal nondestructive testing for the detection of water ingress in horizontally oriented aviation honeycomb panels and quantitative evaluation of water content are presented. Unlike ultrasonic inspection, thermal testing allows detecting water and evaluating its quantity in the presence of air gaps between water and inspected honeycomb skin. The proposed algorithm based on using an artificial neural network has enabled estimating water content with errors under 15 % in the cases where water contacts with a honeycomb skin, as well as in presence of air gaps between skin and water.
Optical control of degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene films and its modification under electron irradiation
Authors: Vazirova E. N , Abashev R. M , Milman I. I , Surdo A. I
Published: April 2024

A method for monitoring the degradation of the optical density in polytetrafluoroethylene films and its modification, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene, irradiated by electrons with energies of 100 keV and 10 MeV is described. The method is based on measuring the optical density of irradiated films in the photon energy range of 1-6 eV and is confirmed by established «dose-optical absorption» relationships. In particular, using the described method, a completely different nature of the radiation degradation of the optical properties of the two types of films under study was discovered. With an increase in the irradiation dose, «bleaching effect» in the region of 2-5 eV and the appearance of an absorption band at 5.6 eV are observed in polytetrafluoroethylene films. With a similar dose increase, three absorption bands at 4.0, 4.6 and 5.5 eV appear and grow in films of copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene. The evidence of the critical role of the optical density of films in the functioning of space technology devices is given.
Scope of applicability of the technique for constructing magnetic induction lines for flaw defectometry of extended objects
Authors: Nikitin A. V , Mikhaylov A. V , Mikhaylov L. V , Gobov Yu. L , Kostin V. N , Smorodinskiy Ya. G
Published: April 2024

A technique for approximate solution of the inverse geometric problem of magnetostatics for a plate made of a soft magnetic ferromagnet in a magnetic field is presented. The technique is presented both for the case of the location of magnetic transducers directly above the surface defect of loss of continuity of the metal, and for the case in which the magnetic transducers are located above the defect-free surface of the plate. It is assumed that the plate is accessible from one side only. The sizes of defects in which the proposed technique works reliably are determined. It is shown that the proposed technique can be used in mobile devices to carry out flaw detection of drill pipes using the MFL (Magnetic flux leakage) method directly at drilling sites.
Experience in the development and application of metal detectors for medical purposes
Authors: Reutov Yu. Ya , Pudov V. I
Published: April 2024

It is shown that when performing surgical operations to remove foreign metal particles from the human body, it is advisable to use metal detectors of various types: flux-gate detectors for localizing ferromagnetic particles, eddy current detectors for localizing non-ferromagnetic metal particles. The sensitivity of medical equipment must be sufficient to detect small ferromagnetic fragments and particles from a distance of at least 10 mm. The feasibility of preliminary magnetization of the search area with a strong permanent magnet is shown. Methods for setting up metal detectors are given. The need to minimize extraneous electromagnetic fields in the operating room is shown.
Classification and sizing of surface defects of pipelines based on the results of complex diagnostics by ultrasonic, eddy current and visual and measuring methods of nondestructive testing
Authors: Krysko N. V , Skrynnikov S. V , Shchipakov N. A , Kozlov D. M , Kusyy A. G
Published: April 2024

The issues of classification and determination of parameters of surface operational defects according to the results of ultrasonic, eddy current and visual and measuring methods of nondestructive testing are considered. At the same time, the visual and measuring method was realized with the use of a television inspection camera equipped with a computer vision function and a laser triangulation sensor. The paper presents a dataset containing 5760 images of pipelines with and without pitting corrosion. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented, which has been applied to classify the images obtained from a TV inspection camera into images without corrosion and images with pitting corrosion. The paper presents a dataset containing 269 measurements of planar and volumetric surface defects. A model for surface defect sizing based on gradient boosting is presented. The paper develops an algorithm for classification and sizing of surface defects in complex diagnostics, in which the obtained models are applied, and determines the accuracy of this algorithm by the RMSE metric, which was calculated within the studying test data set and amounted to 0.011 mm.
Anomalies of Thermal Fields Revealed by Satellite Data during Preparatio n and Occurrence of Strong Earthquakes in the Region of the Baikal Rift Zone in 2008–2022
Authors: Bondur V. G. , Voronova O. S.
Published: April 2024

Long-term changes in thermal fields were studied before and during strong earthquakes with magnitudes from 5.1 to 5.6 that occurred in the region of the Baikal rift zone in 2008–2022. Satellite data were used for these studies. For the analysis we used the values of land surface temperature, temperature of the near-surface layer of the atmosphere, outgoing long-wave radiation, and relative humidity recorded using the AIRS instrument mounted on the Aqua satellite. During the periods of preparation and occurrence of these seismic events, anomalous variations in the parameters of thermal fields registered with satellite were revealed. They exceeded the average long-term values: for land surface temperature and temperature of the near-surface layer of the atmosphere by 5–10%, for outgoing long-wave radiation by 11–15%, and for relative humidity by 6–10%. A strong negative correlation was found between changes in the temperature of the near-surface layer of the atmosphere and relative humidity (correlation coefficient of –0.75), as well as antiphase oscillations between the values of the outgoing long-wave radiation and relative humidity. The obtained results can be used for studies of the precursor variability of thermal fields during monitoring of seismic hazard zones.
On a Class of Semi-Regular Gyrostat Precessions with Variable Gyrostatic Moment
Authors: Levin V. A.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the problem of the motion of a gyrostat under the action of potential and gyroscopic forces in the case of a variable gyrostatic moment. The conditions for the existence of semi-regular precessions characterized by the constancy of their own rotation rate are studied. A new solution of the equations of the Kirchhoff–Poisson class is constructed, based on a special type of three invariant relations with respect to the main variables of these equations.
On the Infinite Naturally Contained in the Finite
Authors: Voytekhovsky Yu. L.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the history of ideas about the shape of the crystal polyhedron and its structure. It is shown how the ideas of face belts and crystal lattice naturally introduce infinities into the science of crystals, always finite in the practice of mineralogists. The article is timed to the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Pliny the Elder, the 385th – of N. Stenon, the 280th – of R.J. Haüy, the 180th – of P.G. Groth, the 170th – of V.M. Goldschmidt, E.S. Fedorov, and A.M. Schönflies. All of them in their work tried to master the seemingly infinite varieties of objects according to found principles.