bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical and ethical complexities of MAiD: Examples from Quebec
Authors: Koksvik Gitte
Published: November 2020

Background: Legally practiced assisted dying is an ethically complex area in need of empirical and conceptual work. International research suggests that providing assisted dying may be experienced as rewarding and meaningful but also emotionally and psychologically taxing, associated with feelings of loss and loneliness. Yet little research has been published to date, which attends to the long-term effects of providing assisted dying. In this article, I contribute to filling this gap in the literature using the Canadian province Quebec as an illustrative case. Medical aid in dying (MAiD) in the form of physician provided euthanasia has been a lawful end of life healthcare option in Quebec since December 2015 and significant research is currently emerging from this jurisdiction.

Methods: In this article, I draw on nine in-depth interviews with Quebec physicians, all of whom engaged with end of life care in different ways.

Results: Four of the interviewed physicians provided medical aid in dying (MAiD) and five did not. The major themes of MAiD in relation to aggressive treatment, conscientious objection and uneven distribution of work emerge, and it appeared clearly that MAiD was experienced and thought of as qualitatively different to other end of life procedures.

Conclusions: Our findings expose a complexity and contentiousness within the practice, which remains under researched and underreported and indicate avenues where more research is needed.
The Moscow School Is a Large Territory of Great Opportunities: the Aspect of Profiling in Teaching Schoolchildren
Authors: Chernobay Elena
Published: November 2020

The article presents a modern view on the organization of specialized education in schools using the example of Moscow education, provides an overview of projects aimed at the formation of pre-professional interests and skills of schoolchildren and their preparation for choosing a profession.
Coraz bardziej interdyscyplinarny charakter badań przekładoznawczych
Authors: Tomaszkiewicz Teresa
Published: November 2020

More and more interdisciplinary character of translation studies In this text the author presents the short history of translations studies and their evolution in the last 70 years. It has to be stressed out that during this period the relations between translation studies and linguistics were very closed. Even now when translation studies are recognised as an independent scientific domain at the universities they still have a strong relationship with many branches of linguistics. More over this interdisciplinary character of translation studies can be seen in the contemporary researches. In the article this theses is exemplified by the relations between translation, conversation analysis and semiology. Also it is underlying the role of the person of translator. The author’s postulate is to use in the description of this scientific field the appellation in plural: translation studies.
How and When to Use the Political Cycle to Identify Advertising Effects
Authors: Moshary Sarah , Shapiro Bradley T. , Song Jihong
Published: November 2020

This paper provides a critical analysis of how and when political advertising serves as a useful source of exogenous variation in product advertising.
Spray Characteristics of Rotary Micro Sprinkler Nozzles Used in Orchard Pesticide Delivery
Authors: Guler Huseyin , Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Heping , Grieshop Matthew , Ledebuhr Mark A.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Droplet sizes were determined for rotary micro sprinkler nozzles used in solid set canopy delivery systems.

An empirical multiple-variable model was developed to predict volume median diameters in spray patterns.

Sprinkler nozzles produced medium to coarse droplets to minimize pesticide drift in orchards and trellised systems.

Droplet size information can be used to select optimal nozzles for either irrigation or pesticide delivery systems.

Abstract. Rotary micro sprinkler nozzles can be used for both irrigation and pesticide applications in orchard systems, but little to no information is available on their droplet size distributions. In this study, the droplet size distributions were investigated and described for rotary micro sprinkler nozzles with five different orifice diameters. A particle/droplet laser image analysis system was used to measure droplet spectra at two pressures (207 and 310 kPa) and two radial distances (0.25 and 0.85 m) from the sprinkler nozzle center. Nozzle orifice sizes, rotational speeds, and flow rates were also measured. Droplet sizes varied with the orifice size, operating pressure, and sampling location. Spiral-shaped spray patterns formed due to the spinning discharge port, within which droplet densities varied with location, orifice diameter, and operating pressure. The volume medium diameters (Dv0.5) for green-black, orange-blue, black-black, blue-black, and red-gray nozzles were respectively 317, 338, 379, 352, and 218 µm at 207 kPa and 283, 250, 283, 270, and 222 µm at 310 kPa. An empirical multiple-variable regression model was developed to predict Dv0.5 in the spray patterns discharged from the nozzles. Test results demonstrated that the rotary micro sprinkler nozzles produced medium to coarse droplets that could be used to minimize spray drift while maintaining efficacy in orchard pesticide applications. Keywords: Chemical application, Droplet size, Irrigation, Rotary nozzle, Spray drift reduction.
COLOURING OF COFFEE GRAINS RELATED TO DIFFERENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF THE DRYING AIR AFTER PARTIAL DRYING
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Victor , Corrêa Jefferson Luiz Gomes
Published: November 2020

Changes in color of coffee grains are indications of occurrence of oxidative processes and biochemical changes, which can alter the taste and aroma precursors of the grains, resulting in lower beverage quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the color characteristics of peeled coffee grains subjected to different relative humidity of the drying air after partial drying. Coffee (Coffea arabica) fruits were harvested in the cherry stage and were wet processed. The treatments were the results of the combination of three dry bulb temperatures and three dew point temperatures. The control of dew point temperature was performed only after the grains reach the partial drying. Considering the Tbd of 40 °C - 40 °C, the reduction of the Tpd (2.6 °C) increased the grains bleaching, while the increase of Tpd (16.2 °C) resulted in a more yellowish-red. Tbd of 40 °C - 35 °C and 35 °C - 35 °C are indicated for bluish-green color formation, associated with higher sensory quality. The Color Saturation (C*) of the coffee grains are highly correlated with the b* color parameter, while the tonality (Hue) is negatively correlated with the a* color parameter.
Differential confocal measurement for surface topography with microstructures based on spiral scanning and wavelet filter
Authors: Wang Jiale , Cui Yuguo , Liang Dan , Wang Yiqiang , Ying Ronghui
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a novel spiral-scanning laser differential confocal measurement method (SSLDCM) for fast and precise measurement of surface topography with microstructures. Spiral plane scanning is used to eliminate frequent acceleration and deceleration problems in traditional raster-scanning differential confocal measurement systems and helps to keep the measuring process efficient and stable. To solve the problem of uneven sampling distribution during spiral scanning, a variable sampling rate method is adopted to distribute the sampling points at equal intervals, which would help to reduce the time of the 3D imaging process. A denoising method based on an adaptive wavelet threshold is proposed to filter the existing noise during the measuring process. An experimental measurement platform based on SSLDCM is constructed, and the axial response curve is tested and analyzed. The linear region range of the experimental platform reaches 13 µm, and the slope is about 164.15 mV/µm. In addition, the measurement results of a silicon wafer specimen by SSLDCM show good consistency with a commercial high-precision microscope, and the largest deviation is less than 2.71%. The SSLDCM has great potential to be used in various noncontact surface measurement applications with high efficiency and accuracy.
Fast response microfiber-optic pH sensor based on a polyaniline sensing layer
Authors: Sun Dandan , Xu Shaomin , Fu Yongming , Ma Jie
Published: November 2020

The microfiber-optic interferential sensor based on polyaniline (PANI) sensing layer is efficiently performed in pH detection. The refractive index changes of PANI film can be translated into a significant wavelength shift in the interferometric fringe. We demonstrate the feasibility of PANI attached to the fiber surface in studying the interface polymerization method. The sensing performances of an improved sensitivity in acid solution with

−

0.54

n
m

/

p
H

and alkaline solution with 0.28 nm/pH are systematically investigated. By taking advantage of its miniature size and mechanical flexibility, the microfiber interferential sensor might make a promising platform for pH measurement.
Direct measurement of the scattering coefficient
Authors: Hohmann Martin , Lengenfelder Benjamin , Muhr Daniel , Späth Moritz , Hauptkorn Maximilian , Klämpfl Florian , Schmidt Michael
Published: November 2020

In general, the measurement of the main three optical properties (µ
a
, µ
s
and g) in turbid media requires a very precise measurement of the total transmission (TT), the total reflection (TR) and the collimated transmission (CT). Furthermore, an inverse algorithm such as inverse adding doubling or inverse Monte-Carlo-simulations is required for the reconstruction of the optical properties. Despite many available methods, the error free measurement of the scattering coefficient or the g-factor still remains challenging. In this study, we present a way to directly calculate the scattering coefficient from the total and collimated transmission. To allow this, it can be shown that

T
T

C
T

is proportional to

e

μ
s

⋅
d

for a wide range of optical properties if the sample is thick enough. Moreover, a set-up is developed and validated to measure the collimated transmission precisely.
Fast self-learning modulation recognition method for smart underwater optical communication systems
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhou Xiaolin , Du Jianhong , Tian Pengfei
Published: November 2020

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) is an integral part of an intelligent transceiver for future underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC). In this paper, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based progressive growth meta-learning (PGML) AMR scheme is proposed and analyzed over UOWC turbulence channels. The novel PGML few-shot AMR framework, mainly suffering from the severe underwater environments, can achieve fast self-learning for new tasks with less training time and data. In the PGML algorithm, the few-shot classifier, which works in the presence of Poisson noise, is fed with constellations of noisy signals in bad signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios directly. Moreover, the data augmentation (DA) operation is adopted to mitigate the impact of light-emitting diode (LED) distortion, yielding further classification accuracy improvements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PGML scheme outperforms the classical meta-learning (ML) approach in training efficiency, robustness against Poisson noise and generalization performance on a new task.
Analysis of stress distribution in microfabricated germanium with external stressors for enhancement of light emission
Authors: Tani Kazuki , Oda Katsuya , Ido Tatemi
Published: November 2020

In the field of silicon photonics, germanium (Ge) is an attractive material for monolithic light sources. Tensile strain is a promising means for Ge based light sources due to enhancing direct band gap recombination. We investigated strain engineering in Ge using silicon nitride (SiNx) stressors. We found that microfabricated Ge greatly improves the tensile strain because SiNx on the Ge sidewalls causes a large tensile strain in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. Tensile strain equivalent to an in-plane biaxial tensile strain of 0.8% at maximum was applied, and the PL emission intensity was improved more than five times at the maximum.
Narrowband nonlinear optical spectroscopy with spatially chirped broadband pulses
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yaying , Li Ying , Liu Wei-Tao
Published: November 2020

Nonlinear optical vibrational spectroscopies are powerful experimental tools for inspecting material properties that are difficult to acquire otherwise. As ultrafast lasers used in such experiments are typically of much broader bandwidth than vibrational modes, narrowband filtering is usually essential, and the utility of laser energy is often highly inefficient. Here we introduce an experimental scheme to break this trade-off. A broadband beam is spatially chirped as it reaches the sample, and generates sum-frequency signals upon overlapping with another broadband, unchirped beam. A narrowband spectrum can then be retrieved from the spatially dispersed image of signals, with both broadband pulses fully utilized. The scheme is also readily employed as a spatially resolved spectroscopy technique without scanning, and can be easily extended to other wave-mixing experiments.
1.1  J Yb:YAG picosecond laser at 1  kHz repetition rate
Authors: Wang Yong , Chi Han , Baumgarten Cory , Dehne Kristian , Meadows Alexander R. , Davenport Aaron , Murray Gabe , Reagan Brendan A. , Menoni Carmen S. , Rocca Jorge J.
Published: November 2020

We demonstrate the generation of 1.1 J pulses of picosecond duration at 1 kHz repetition rate (1.1 kW average power) from a diode-pumped chirped pulse amplification Yb:YAG laser. The laser employs cryogenically cooled amplifiers to generateλ=1030nmpulses with average power of up to 1.26 kW prior to compression with excellent beam quality. Pulses are compressed to 4.5 ps duration with 90% efficiency. This compact picosecond laser will enable a variety of applications that require high energy ultrashort pulses at kilohertz repetition rates.
Inverse photonic-crystal-fiber design through geometrical and material scalings
Authors: Silvestre Enrique , Tashtush Aktham , Castelló-Lurbe David , Andrés Miguel V.
Published: November 2020

Geometrical and material — i.e., external and internal — scaling symmetries are exploited to obtain approximated analytical expressions for the mode effective index, group index, and chromatic dispersion of a scaled fiber. Our results include material refractive index scaling that changes the numerical aperture. First, the analytical expressions are successfully tested with a conventional step index fiber in a broadband range of wavelengths, from 1 to 2 μm. Then, we establish a procedure to adapt the analytical expressions to photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and illustrate its application in a triangular PCF with circular holes. These adapted analytical expressions show good agreement with a rigorous numerical solution of the fundamental fiber mode. Finally, we demonstrate how powerful these expressions are for the design of PCFs. In particular, we illustrate our approach designing, in four iterations or less, PCFs with flattened dispersion profile over 300 nm or high dispersion slope over 40 nm, with different chromatic dispersion values.
Parametric oscillation of electromagnetic waves in momentum band gaps of a spatiotemporal crystal
Authors: Lee Seojoo , Park Jagang , Cho Hyukjoon , Wang Yifan , Kim Brian , Daraio Chiara , Min Bumki
Published: November 2020

Photonic crystals have revolutionized the field of optics with their unique dispersion and energy band gap engineering capabilities, such as the demonstration of extreme group and phase velocities, topologically protected photonic edge states, and control of spontaneous emission of photons. Time-variant media have also shown distinct functionalities, including nonreciprocal propagation, frequency conversion, and amplification of light. However, spatiotemporal modulation has mostly been studied as a simple harmonic wave function. Here, we analyze time-variant and spatially discrete photonic crystal structures, referred to as spatiotemporal crystals. The design of spatiotemporal crystals allows engineering of the momentum band gap within which parametric amplification can occur. As a potential platform for the construction of a parametric oscillator, a finite-sized spatiotemporal crystal is proposed and analyzed. Parametric oscillation is initiated by the energy and momentum conversion of an incident wave and the subsequent amplification by parametric gain within the momentum band gap. The oscillation process dominates over frequency mixing interactions above a transition threshold determined by the balance between gain and loss. Furthermore, the asymmetric formation of momentum band gaps can be realized by spatial phase control of the temporal modulation, which leads to directional radiation of oscillations at distinct frequencies. The proposed structure would enable simultaneous engineering of energy and momentum band gaps and provide a guideline for implementation of advanced dispersion-engineered parametric oscillators.
Optical frequency synthesizer referenced to an ytterbium optical clock
Authors: Yao Yuan , Li Bo , Yang Guang , Chen Xiaotong , Hao Yaqin , Yu Hongfu , Jiang Yanyi , Ma Longsheng
Published: November 2020

Optical clocks with an unprecedented accuracy of

10

−
18

promise innovations in precision spectroscopy and measurement. To harness the full power of optical clocks, we need optical frequency synthesizers (OFSs) to accurately convert the stabilities and accuracies of optical clocks to other desired frequencies. This work demonstrates such an OFS referenced to an ytterbium optical clock. The OFS is based on an optical frequency comb phase-locked to a commercial rubidium microwave clock; in this way most combs can operate robustly. Despite comb frequency instability at

10

−
11

, the synthesis noise and uncertainty reach

6
×

10

−
18

(1 s) and

5
×

10

−
21

, respectively, facilitating frequency synthesis of the best optical clocks. In the OFS, the coherence of the OFS internal oscillator at 1064 nm is accurately transferred to a 578 nm laser for resolving the hertz-level-linewidth ytterbium clock transition (unaffected by megahertz-linewidth comb lines) and faithfully referencing the OFS to an ytterbium optical clock.
Breaking the circularity in circular analyses: Simulations and formal treatment of the flattened average approach
Authors: Bowman Howard , Brooks Joseph L. , Hajilou Omid , Zoumpoulaki Alexia , Litvak Vladimir
Published: November 2020

There has been considerable debate and concern as to whether there is a replication crisis in the scientific literature. A likely cause of poor replication is the multiple comparisons problem. An important way in which this problem can manifest in the M/EEG context is through post hoc tailoring of analysis windows (a.k.a. regions-of-interest, ROIs) to landmarks in the collected data. Post hoc tailoring of ROIs is used because it allows researchers to adapt to inter-experiment variability and discover novel differences that fall outside of windows defined by prior precedent, thereby reducing Type II errors. However, this approach can dramatically inflate Type I error rates. One way to avoid this problem is to tailor windows according to a contrast that is orthogonal (strictly parametrically orthogonal) to the contrast being tested. A key approach of this kind is to identify windows on a fully flattened average. On the basis of simulations, this approach has been argued to be safe for post hoc tailoring of analysis windows under many conditions. Here, we present further simulations and mathematical proofs to show exactly why the Fully Flattened Average approach is unbiased, providing a formal grounding to the approach, clarifying the limits of its applicability and resolving published misconceptions about the method. We also provide a statistical power analysis, which shows that, in specific contexts, the fully flattened average approach provides higher statistical power than Fieldtrip cluster inference. This suggests that the Fully Flattened Average approach will enable researchers to identify more effects from their data without incurring an inflation of the false positive rate.
Genome-wide association study identifies 16 genomic regions associated with circulating cytokines at birth
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Nudel Ron , Benros Michael E. , Skogstrand Kristin , Fishilevich Simon ,   iPSYCH-BROAD, Lancet Doron , Sun Jiangming , Hougaard David M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Buil Alfonso , Hansen Thomas F. , Thompson Wesley K. , Werge Thomas
Published: November 2020

Circulating inflammatory markers are essential to human health and disease, and they are often dysregulated or malfunctioning in cancers as well as in cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the genetic contribution to the physiological variation of levels of circulating inflammatory markers is largely unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide genetic study of blood concentration of ten cytokines, including the hitherto unexplored calcium-binding protein (S100B). The study leverages a unique sample of neonatal blood spots from 9,459 Danish subjects from the iPSYCH initiative. We estimate the SNP-heritability of marker levels as ranging from essentially zero for Erythropoietin (EPO) up to 73% for S100B. We identify and replicate 16 associated genomic regions (p < 5 x 10−9), of which four are novel. We show that the associated variants map to enhancer elements, suggesting a possible transcriptional effect of genomic variants on the cytokine levels. The identification of the genetic architecture underlying the basic levels of cytokines is likely to prompt studies investigating the relationship between cytokines and complex disease. Our results also suggest that the genetic architecture of cytokines is stable from neonatal to adult life.
High resolution ultrasound imaging for repeated measure of wound tissue morphometry, biomechanics and hemodynamics under fetal, adult and diabetic conditions
Authors: Gnyawali Surya C. , Sinha Mithun , El Masry Mohamed S. , Wulff Brian , Ghatak Subhadip , Soto-Gonzalez Fidel , Wilgus Traci A. , Roy Sashwati , Sen Chandan K.
Published: November 2020

Non-invasive, repeated interrogation of the same wound is necessary to understand the tissue repair continuum. In this work, we sought to test the significance of non-invasive high-frequency high-resolution ultrasound technology for such interrogation. High-frequency high-resolution ultrasound imaging was employed to investigate wound healing under fetal and adult conditions. Quantitative tissue cellularity and elastic strain was obtained for visualization of unresolved inflammation using Vevo strain software. Hemodynamic properties of the blood flow in the artery supplying the wound-site were studied using color Doppler flow imaging. Non-invasive monitoring of fetal and adult wound healing provided unprecedented biomechanical and functional insight. Fetal wounds showed highly accelerated closure with transient perturbation of wound tissue cellularity. Fetal hemodynamics was unique in that sharp fall in arterial pulse pressure (APP) which was rapidly restored within 48h post-wounding. In adults, APP transiently increased post-wounding before returning to the pre-wounding levels by d10 post-wounding. The pattern of change in the elasticity of wound-edge tissue of diabetics was strikingly different. Severe strain acquired during the early inflammatory phase persisted with a slower recovery of elasticity compared to that of the non-diabetic group. Wound bed of adult diabetic mice (db/db) showed persistent hypercellularity compared to littermate controls (db/+) indicative of prolonged inflammation. Normal skin strain of db/+ and db/db were asynchronous. In db/db, severe strain acquired during the early inflammatory phase persisted with a slower recovery of elasticity compared to that of non-diabetics. This study showcases a versatile clinically relevant imaging platform suitable for real-time analyses of functional wound healing.
Characterization and complete genome sequences of two novel variants of the family Closteroviridae from Chinese kiwifruit
Authors: Feng Xin , Lai Rui-lian , Gao Min-xia , Chen Wen-guang , Wu Ru-jian , Cheng Chun-zhen , Chen Yi-ting
Published: November 2020

Two distinct closterovirus-like genome sequences (termed AdV-1 v1 and v2) were identified in Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Miliang-1’ that had no disease symptoms using high-throughput sequencing. Using overlapping reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, the genomic sequences of AdV-1 v1 and v2 were confirmed as 17,646 and 18,578 nucleotides in length, respectively. The two complete genomes contained 9 and 15 open reading frames, respectively, coding for proteins having domains typical of Closteroviridae, such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) and coat protein (CP). Sequence analysis showed that the amino acid sequences of RdRp, HSP70h, and CP of the two variants exhibited high similarity (> 80%), while their genomic organization was somewhat different. This suggested that the two viral genomes identified here are variants of the family Closteroviridae in a single kiwifruit host. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that the two variants had a closer relationship with the unclassified virus Persimmon virus B (PeVB) and Actinidia virus 1 (AcV-1) than with other members of the family Closteroviridae, as did their genomic organization. It is speculated that the two variants, together with PeVB and AcV-1 belong to a new subfamily of Closteroviridae.
Spatiotemporal distribution of grassland NPP in Gansu province, China from 1982 to 2011 and its impact factors
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Liu Xiaoni , Nazieh Stephen , Wang Xingyu , Nkrumah Teddy , Hong Shanglang
Published: November 2020

The modified Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model based on the comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands (CSCS, a unique vegetation classification system) was used to determine grassland net primary production (NPP) in Gansu province from 1982 to 2011 and its spatio-temporal variability. The relationship between NPP and climate drivers was analyzed. The results showed that annual NPP of grasslands in Gansu province averaged 139.30 gC m-2 yr -1 during the study period. NPP decreased from southeast to northwest across the province. Grassland NPP showed an increasing trend during the period 1982–2011, and the increase rate over the whole period was 92.91%. The highest NPP appeared in summer with more precipitation and higher cumulative temperature conditions; while the lowest values existed in winter. The largest correlation coefficient was found between the average annual NPP and the average annual precipitation (r = 0.77), followed by annual NPP and solar radiation (r = 0.70) or NDVI (r = 0.69), Annual NPP had no significant correlation with annual cumulative temperature (>0°C) or moisture index (K-value). Thus, precipitation is the major controlling factor on the average annual NPP in Gansu grassland. Solar radiation and NDVI also have important effects on grassland NPP in Gansu. These results may provide basic information for sustainable development and utilization of grassland and for the improvement and protection of the ecological environment as well.
Outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 associated respiratory failure
Authors: King Christopher S. , Sahjwani Dhwani , Brown A. Whitney , Feroz Saad , Cameron Paula , Osborn Erik , Desai Mehul , Djurkovic Svetolik , Kasarabada Aditya , Hinerman Rachel , Lantry James , Shlobin Oksana A. , Ahmad Kareem , Khangoora Vikramjit , Aryal Shambhu , Collins A. Claire , Speir Alan , Nathan Steven
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The outcomes of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 remain poorly defined. We sought to determine clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 managed with invasive mechanical ventilation in an appropriately resourced US health care system.

Methods

Outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients requiring mechanical ventilation treated within the Inova Health System between March 5, 2020 and April 26, 2020 were evaluated through an electronic medical record review.

Results

1023 COVID-19 positive patients were admitted to the Inova Health System during the study period. Of these, 164 (16.0%) were managed with invasive mechanical ventilation. All patients were followed to definitive disposition. 70/164 patients (42.7%) had died and 94/164 (57.3%) were still alive. Deceased patients were older (median age of 66 vs. 55, p <0.0001) and had a higher initial d-dimer (2.22 vs. 1.31, p = 0.005) and peak ferritin levels (2998 vs. 2077, p = 0.016) compared to survivors. 84.3% of patients over 70 years old died in the hospital. Conversely, 67.4% of patients age 70 or younger survived to hospital discharge. Younger age, non-Caucasian race and treatment at a tertiary care center were all associated with survivor status.

Conclusion

Mortality of patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation is high, with particularly daunting mortality seen in patients of advanced age, even in a well-resourced health care system. A substantial proportion of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were not of advanced age, and this group had a reasonable chance for recovery.
Comorbidity and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 critical illness and mortality at a large public hospital in New York City in the early phase of the pandemic (March-April 2020)
Authors: Filardo Thomas D. , Khan Maria R. , Krawczyk Noa , Galitzer Hayley , Karmen-Tuohy Savannah , Coffee Megan , Schaye Verity E. , Eckhardt Benjamin J. , Cohen Gabriel M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Despite evidence of socio-demographic disparities in outcomes of COVID-19, little is known about characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to public hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective

To assess demographics, comorbid conditions, and clinical factors associated with critical illness and mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a public hospital in New York City (NYC) during the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Design

Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to NYC Health + Hospitals / Bellevue Hospital from March 9th to April 8th, 2020.

Results

A total of 337 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Primary analyses were conducted among those requiring supplemental oxygen (n = 270); half of these patients (135) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A majority were male (67.4%) and the median age was 58 years. Approximately one-third (32.6%) of hypoxic patients managed outside the ICU required non-rebreather or non-invasive ventilation. Requirement of renal replacement therapy occurred in 42.3% of ICU patients without baseline end-stage renal disease. Overall, 30-day mortality among hypoxic patients was 28.9% (53.3% in the ICU, 4.4% outside the ICU). In adjusted analyses, risk factors associated with mortality included dementia (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.11 95%CI 1.50–2.96), age 65 or older (aRR 1.97, 95%CI 1.31–2.95), obesity (aRR 1.37, 95%CI 1.07–1.74), and male sex (aRR 1.32, 95%CI 1.04–1.70).

Conclusion

COVID-19 demonstrated severe morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Modifications in care delivery outside the ICU allowed the hospital to effectively care for a surge of critically ill and severely hypoxic patients.
Diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography during the epidemic wave of COVID-19 varied as a function of time since the beginning of the confinement in France
Authors: Boussouar Samia , Wagner Mathilde , Donciu Victoria , Pasi Nicoletta , Salem Joe Elie , Renard-Penna Raphaele , Marot Stéphane , Freund Yonathan , Redheuil Alban , Lucidarme Olivier
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the initial chest CT to diagnose COVID-19 related pneumonia in a French population of patients with respiratory symptoms according to the time from the onset of country-wide confinement to better understand what could be the role of the chest CT in the different phases of the epidemic.

Material and method

Initial chest CT of 1064 patients with respiratory symptoms suspect of COVID-19 referred between March 18th, and May 12th 2020, were read according to a standardized procedure. The results of chest CTs were compared to the results of the RT-PCR.

Results

546 (51%) patients were found to be positive for SARS-CoV2 at RT-PCR. The highest rate of positive RT-PCR was during the second week of confinement reaching 71.9%. After six weeks of confinement, the positive RT-PCR rate dropped significantly to 10.5% (p<0.001) and even 2.2% during the two last weeks. Overall, CT revealed patterns suggestive of COVID-19 in 603 patients (57%), whereas an alternative diagnosis was found in 246 patients (23%). CT was considered normal in 215 patients (20%) and inconclusive in 1 patient. The overall sensitivity of CT was 88%, specificity 76%, PPV 79%, and NPV 85%. At week-2, the same figures were 89%, 69%, 88% and 71% respectively and 60%, 84%, 30% and 95% respectively at week-6. At the end of confinement when the rate of positive PCR became extremely low the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of CT were 50%, 82%, 6% and 99% respectively.

Conclusion

At the peak of the epidemic, chest CT had sufficiently high sensitivity and PPV to serve as a first-line positive diagnostic tool but at the end of the epidemic wave CT is more useful to exclude COVID-19 pneumonia.
A supervisão pedagógica no século XXI: desafios da profissionalidade docente
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Luís Ana R. , Barreira Carlos , Ribeiro-Silva Elsa , Pires Natália Albino
Published: November 2020

Este volume pretende constituir-se como um espaço de debate sobre temas centrais à formação de professores, debatendo temas relativos à supervisão pedagógica e à importância que essa supervisão tem para a construção de uma profissionalidade docente. Mais do que encontrar receitas para a formação de professores, pretendemos suscitar o debate e proporcionar um espaço de reflexão sobre temas centrais da formação de professores para o século XXI. Os textos - da autoria de um leque de especialistas em ciências da educação e supervisão pedagógica, associados a um vasto conjunto de instituições de ensino superior do país – articulam-se em torno de três eixos de análise: i) Supervisão pedagógica e desenvolvimento profissional docente; ii) Ética e profissionalidade na formação inicial de professores e, iii) Supervisão na formação inicial de professores.
Drivers of Industry Convergence: The Case of Functional Food Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Karlina , Prihadyanti Dian , Hidayat Dudi
Published: November 2020

Food industry has been considered as industry with low-intensity research and low R&D-to-sale ratio. However, changes in the environments of food industry; changes in society’s lifestyles; the rise of world’s food consumption; a shrinking food production base; and changing perspective of society toward the consequences of the food system’s sustainability have forced food industry to innovate. Functional food is the form of innovation in food industry, where the food processing involves new scientific and technical approach. As the 4th highest-population country with rising level of life expectancy and increasing number of high-middle-income people, there is a question whether Indonesia can be a big market and player in functional food industry. This paper first presents the overview of functional food industry in Indonesia. It analyzes the prospect of Indonesian functional food industry from demand, supply, and regulation perspective. The result of this study is Indonesia should have a good prospect as both the market and the player in functional food industry. Currently, baby and toddler are Indonesia’s biggest market of functional food for baby formula milk and baby food. Another functional food market segment  prospective to be penetrated is elderly who have bigger risk of disease, such as hypertension and arthritis. Player who enter this industry must have strong financial and research capacities. Research about functional compounds in local Indonesian food conducted in preliminary stage and they need to be proven on animal and human studies. Regulation about labelling and advertisement of processed food with special claim and processed food for special nutrition needs is already sufficient to ensure food safety. However, law enforcement is still weak.

Keywords: functional food, healthy food, research capacity, labelling, food safety.
E-Cigarette as Distruptive Innovation: Forecasting of conventional cigarette substitution in Indonesia
Authors: Aminullah Erman
Published: November 2020

This paper intends to forecast conventional cigarette substitution by e-cigarette in the context of disruptive innovation.  E-cigarette as disruptive innovation  has been driven by   technology innovation to create e-cigarette products for global market. The advancement of e-cigarette technology innovation would continue to create smart and less harmfull e-cigarette  as  alternative tobacco products in future.

The results of forecasting show that the replacement of conventional cigarette would be in line with the increase of e-cigarette consumption. The future increase of e-cigarette consumption would be influenced by three factors: (i)  technology advancement, (ii) excise tax incentives, (iii) and tobacco regulation. The diffusion of e-cigarette products in domestic market have raised the level of public acceptance,   despite  still reaped some rejections, especially from the health community in Indonesia.  The  scientific contribution of paper is a system dynamics model on conventional cigarette substitution by e-cigarette’s disruptive innovation. The model is systemic interaction among cigarette consumption, regulators, and public responses both health  community and consumers of e-cigarette in Indonesia.

 

Keywords:  disruptive innovation, product substitution, electric-cigarette, system perspective, forecasting.
"Szervezés és üzemgazdálkodás" – Egy gyakorlati folyóirat az 1920-as évek vezetői számára
Authors: Antal Zsuzsanna , Baksa Máté
Published: November 2020

A szerzők kutatásuk során a vezetés- és szervezéstudomány hazai fejlődésének feltárására tettek kísérletet. A két világháború közötti évtizedek első ilyen témájú, állandó folyóirata volt a Szervezés és üzemgazdálkodás, amely az újító tartalmak, a nemzetközi környezetbe való illeszkedés, illetve a gyakorló vezetők és tanácsadók közötti diskurzusteremtő szándék szempontjából is korszerűnek számított. A folyóirat egyedülálló vállalkozás volt a korabeli Magyarországon, amely azt tűzte ki céljául, hogy segítse egy formálódó szakmai közösség kialakulását. E tanulmány a folyóirat két évfolyamának tartalmát elemezi.
Percepções de empreendedorismo e inovação na gestão doensino superior. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Ana Marli Hoernig , Tatiani Prestes Soares , Paulo Fossatti , Hildegard Susana Jung
Published: November 2020

Este ensayo trata sobre la gestión educativa. Nuestro objetivo es identificar aspectos de emprendedurismo y innovación en las universidades contemporáneas. A partir de la bibliografía puesta a disposición en la asignatura Gestión de Instituciones de Educación Superior: fundamentos y prácticas, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en una investigación cualitativa básica. Utilizando los descriptores: emprendedurismo y innovación en la educación superior, llegamos a textos que aportan percepciones actuales sobre el tema. Los resultados traen percepciones de búsqueda y implementación de prácticas innovadoras en las instituciones de educación superior mediante actitudes flexibles de parte de los diferentes actores educativos, a través de la autonomía de las instituciones, que luego podrían efectuar la transversalidad y interdisciplinariedad en sus planes de estudio. Concluimos que existe una tendencia generalizada en las instituciones de educación superior a buscar y implementar la innovación y el emprendedurismo, desde la conceptualización hasta las prácticas, pero queda mucho por desarrollar para que se consolide la educación emprendedora.
“Las competencias como factor clave de éxitoen la Gobernanza y la gestión Directiva de las Instituciones de Educación Superior México-Quebec” VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Leticia Jiménez , Manuel Crespo , Jorge Ramírez
Published: November 2020

Este documento presenta los resultados de la primera etapa de nuestro proyecto de investigación sobre competencias, durante el cual recogimos las opiniones y reflexiones de un grupo significativo de gerentes de educación superior mexicanos sobre las competencias que consideran esenciales para el desempeño de sus funciones. El reporte consta de cuatro secciones: La primera consiste en una breve descripción de conceptos clave que nos permitieron introducir a las discusiones a los miembros del Grupo focal. La segunda sección trata sobre la organización del grupo focal la organizaci;on y operación de la misma , mientras que la tercera sección, presenta de manera sistemática los resultados de las discusiones que tuvieron lugar durante el encuentro asi como los hallazgos realcionados con el ejercicio del grupo que resultan relevantes para para el proyecto de investigación global
Gobernanza universitaria y género.VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Juan Antonio Castillo
Published: November 2020

El trabajo que vamos a presentar hoy es sobre Gobernanza Universitaria y Género. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la temática de género en el gobierno universitario poniendo foco en Chile y Argentina y a través de información obtenida de fuentes secundarias describir el estado de situación de la temática y proponer líneas de investigación. La organización, las organizaciones en general, en este momento se encuentran insertan en contextos variables, complejos, con una dinámica muy activa que los enfrenta nuevos desafíos y las llevan a adoptar estructurasflexibles, con gran poder de adaptación, fundamentalmente para poder dar respuestas a las nuevas demandas de un entorno cultural y político sumamente cambiante. El gobierno organizacional ha sido objeto de estudio de la administración como ciencia desde hace más de un siglo y las universidades como organizaciones complejas están inmersas en estos estudios. Fundamentalmente están presentando algunas dificultades de adaptación, sobre todo en sus máximos órganos de gobierno Universitarios; fundamentalmente, según Ganga, Pedraja, Quiroz y Rodríguez, porque hay una asincronía, o falta de comprensión de la dirigencia de lo que son los procesos de cambio organizacional.
Educación remota en el contexto universitario: necesidad del trabajo colaborativo para la mediación pedagógica docente en tiempos de COVID
Authors: Cerdas-Montano Virginia , Mora-Espinoza Álvaro , Salas-Soto Silvia Elena
Published: November 2020

The Curricular Commission of the Division of Education for Work. Assumes the modality of remote education through collaborative work, supporting the teaching staff in the development of required skills for the teaching and learning processes.
New Concepts in Family Research and Their Application to Families and Migration
Authors: Seymour Julie
Published: November 2020

The chapter provides a conceptual framework in which to understand empirical data on families and migration. By focusing on the family, rather than the individual in migration research, theories and concepts from family and childhood studies can explain the experiences of the wider group of people who are involved in, and impacted by migration. The chapter shows how viewing the family as involved a process of dynamic family practices allows the data in this book to reveal the engaged and committed ways that people conduct their family life despite being separated by long distances.
Root initiation of bougainvillea from cuttings using different rooting hormones
Authors: Ibironke Okunlola A
Published: November 2020

An experiment on stimulation of rooting of six Bougainvillea species using three different rooting hormones was conducted in the nursery, department of crop soil and pest management of the Federal University of Technology Akure, March to June, 2013. The experiment was laid out in Completely Block Design (CRD) and replicated three times. Data were collected on number of days to sprouting, plant height, stem girth, stem length, wet root weight, dry root weight, the number of leaves per cutting and length of longest roots and subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the level of significance and Tukey Test was used to separate the means. The results showed that the Indole -3-butyric acid and the coconut water had significant effect on the root emergence and root growth of Bougainvillea species compared to the other hormones used and the hard wood cuttings enhanced the rooting of the Bougainvillea compared to the semi –hard wood. Therefore root initiation in cuttings of Boungainvillea could be enhanced with Indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) or dipped in coconut water for 5 minutes and growth was also enhanced using the hard wood cuttings.
La inundación
Authors: Reca Pablo
Published: November 2020

Creación poética
Todo sobre mi madre, la mujer y los nuevos modelos familiares a través de la metaficción y la intertextualidad
Authors: Cabrera Romero Lucía
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el uso que el director de cine Pedro Almodóvar hace de recursos como la metaficción y la intertextualidad para retratar el universo femenino y presentar nuevos modelos familiares. Para ello, se toma el ejemplo de su obra cinematográfica Todo sobre mi madre y se analizan los mecanismos de metaficción a lo largo de la película, el papel que representan los personajes femeninos principales y los intertextos introducidos de diferentes ámbitos artísticos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una reflexión sobre el acto creador; una nueva forma de narrar los hechos, donde la ficción se anticipa a la realidad de la película; y un modelo de familia diferente al tradicional. Los intertextos, además de caracterizar a los personajes, cobran un nuevo significado y presentan una maternidad que poco o nada tiene que ver con lo biológico.
La poesía de indagación ontológica de Hugo Mujica, María Rosa Lojo y Enrique Solinas, o de la palabra y el misterio
Authors: Cárcano Enzo
Published: November 2020

Entre los siglos XIX y XX, el Romanticismo alemán, el simbolismo francés y el surrealismo marcaron, en el panorama literario, la paulatina sustitución del absoluto religioso por el poético. La lírica recobró entonces una estatura inusitada, signada por su capacidad para llegar, mediante la palabra, allende lo cotidiano, hasta lo más recóndito y propio para el ser humano. En la Argentina, numerosos son los autores que se han propuesto explorar poéticamente el misterio, entendido como aquello que escapa al relato totalizador propio de la modernidad y que, sin embargo, nos constituye. En este trabajo, se presenta una aproximación a las trayectorias poéticas de tres de ellos, por considerarlas entre las más originales de las contemporáneas: Hugo Mujica, María Rosa Lojo y Enrique Solinas. Para este abordaje, con el objeto de evitar las rigideces metodológicas y lastres dogmáticos de nociones como “poesía religiosa”, se propone aquí el más versátil de “poesía de indagación ontológica”, el cual resalta el costado cognoscitivo de la lírica contra los imperativos de la razón moderna.