bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ABCB1, CYP2C19, CYP3A5 and CYP4F2 genetic polymorphisms and platelet reactivity in the early phases of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Mirzaev Karin B. , Rytkin Eric , Ryzhikova Kristina A. , Grishina Elena A. , Sozaeva Zhannet A. , Fedorinov Denis S. , Konova Olga D. , Giliarov Michael Iu. , Belyakova Galina A. , Andreev Denis A. , Sychev Dmitriy A.
Published: July 2018

Background

The aim was to study seven polymorphic markers of genes encoding proteins involved in the absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel among patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Eighty-one ACS and PCI patients older than 18 years and treated with dual antiplatelet therapy were enrolled in the study. Platelet function testing and ABCB1, CYP2C19, CYP3A5 and CYP4F2 genotyping were performed. The predictive role of categorical variables, such as genotypes (carriers and non-carriers of polymorphism), on platelet reactivity (platelet reactivity units [PRU] platelet inhibition [PI]) was assessed by logistic regression (for categorical outcomes) and linear regression (for continuous outcomes) analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. The allele frequencies were estimated by gene counting, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using the chi-square test.

Results

Regarding clopidogrel response, 62 patients (76.5%) were clopidogrel responders and 19 were non-responders (23.5%). Mean PRU value and the percentage of platelet inhibition were 170.0±50.9 PRU and 28.6±19.9%, respectively. The effects of the CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms on PRU (166.0±50.8 vs. 190.7±48.2, p<0.038) and PI (30.6±20.0 vs. 18.1±16.3, p<0.013) were observed, and the rates of high platelet reactivity (HPR) were lower in CYP2C19*1/*1 than those in CYP2C19*1/*2+CYP2C19*2/*2 (16.2% vs. 53.8% p<0.0067). In comparison, no significant difference in PRU value and PI was observed at <5 days between the rest of polymorphisms (p>0.05). Based on the logistic regression analysis, CYP2C19*2 (OR: 4.365, CI: 1.25–17.67, p=0.022) was an independent predictor of HPR at <5 days, as was the stent diameter (OR: 0.219, CI: 0.002–0.229, p=0.049). The remaining polymorphisms had no influence.

Conclusions

The reactivity of the on-clopidogrel platelet in the early phase of ACS is influenced primarily by the CYP2C19 polymorphisms. We believe that the findings of the present study could supply additional evidence regarding the clinical appropriateness of the CYP2C19 genetic testing for designing suitable antiplatelet therapy in the early phase of ACS.
The energy intensity of the production of energy chips from dendromass stands on long-term uncultivated agricultural land
Authors: Oravec Milan , Slamka Marián
Published: July 2018

The aim of this work was to investigate the energy intensity of the fuel wood chips production on unused agricultural land. The unused agricultural land, overgrown with forest trees, also called white areas, is the result of the end of the traditional intensive management of agricultural land by the natural succession of forest stands and pioneers’ wood species on the borders of forest and non-forest land. These stands are advantageously localized due to previous method of the land utilization, accessible and therefore very interesting from the point of view of obtaining fuel dendromass. The logging and subsequent dendromass processing was carried out for the purpose of further land use as pasture land and also for the production of fuel wood chips and their subsequent sale to the end user. With the utilization of technology chain saw-forwarder-chipper, the energy intensity of each operation, expressed in terms of the amount of fuel consumed per unit of produced wood fuel, was determined. The share of energy consumed in the energy value of the harvested tree dendromass in the evaluated sites ranged from 0.43 to 0.62%, approximately 0.64 to 0.88% and the chipping 0.42 to 0.54%. The total amount of energy consumed after calculation the chipper transfers to an average distance of 180 km was within 1.46 to 2.11%. The average weight of the harvested trees caused the biggest impact on the energy intensity of the production process.
Surface chemical composition and roughness as factors affecting the wettability of thermo-mechanically modified oak (Quercus robur L.)
Authors: Laskowska Agnieszka , Sobczak Janusz W.
Published: July 2018

European oak wood (W) was thermo-mechanically modified (TM) via densifying at 100 and 150°C and the surface properties of the TMW were investigated. The contact angle (CA) of the wood with the reference liquids water and diiodomethane was determined using the sessile drop method. The surface free energy of the TMW on tangential sections within the first 60 s after applying a drop was analyzed. The roughness parameters Ra and Rz parallel (‖) and perpendicular (⊥) to the grain were investigated. The wettability analysis showed that densified wood had a higher CA and lower work of adhesion and surface free energy than non-densified wood. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)] analysis showed that the oxygen to carbon atoms ratio (O/C ratio) of densified wood surface was lower than that of non-densified wood. The carbon C1-C2 atoms ratio (C1/C2 ratio) increased with increasing TM temperature. The results were interpreted as being that extractives migrate to the surface and amorphous and glassy polymers, i.e. lignin and hemicelluloses, in wood are rearranged. Increasing densification temperature makes TMW surfaces more hydrophobic.
Physical plasma and leukocytes – immune or reactive?
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Seebauer Christian , Wende Kristian , Schmidt Anke
Published: July 2018

Leukocytes are professionals in recognizing and removing pathogenic or unwanted material. They are present in virtually all tissues, and highly motile to enter or leave specific sites throughout the body. Less than a decade ago, physical plasmas entered the field of medicine to deliver their delicate mix of reactive species and other physical agents for mainly dermatological or oncological therapy. Plasma treatment thus affects leukocytes via direct or indirect means: immune cells are either present in tissues during treatment, or infiltrate or exfiltrate plasma-treated areas. The immune system is crucial for human health and resolution of many types of diseases. It is therefore vital to study the response of leukocytes after plasma treatment in vitro and in vivo. This review gathers together the major themes in the plasma treatment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and puts these into the context of wound healing and oncology, the two major topics in plasma medicine.
Tracing the “extinctness” of Tai Ahom: issues of language loss and death
Authors: Buragohain Dipima
Published: July 2018

The extinction of Tai Ahom, a language from the Tai-Kadai family that was once spoken in Assam, India, can be contributed to a number of socio-historical, linguistic and cultural factors including the development and strong influence of Assamese, a language from the Indo-Aryan family spoken in that region. In an effort to examine the dynamics that contributed to the loss of Tai Ahom, the current article focuses on a descriptive overview of issues including language shift, variation, and extinction in the case of Tai Ahom. It will also highlight the factors which contributed to its shift and gradual extinction and discuss current efforts to revive the language.
Prefacing opposition: Resources for adumbrating conflict talk in second language peer discussions
Authors: Aline David , Hosoda Yuri
Published: July 2018

This study provides an empirical analysis of conflict talk among second language learners, focusing on the opening aspects of conflict talk sequences, specifically the short sequences between an arguable and initial opposition. Data is based on 178 hours of small group discussions video-recorded in Japanese university English classes. Analysis revealed: (a) repetitions and why-type questions directly following an initial speaker’s claim were likely to adumbrate upcoming oppositions, (b) when a questioning repeat failed to elicit an account for the original speaker’s claim, the potential opposer explicitly pursued an account for the claim with a why-type question, (c) a major action these repeats and why-type questions performed was to call for speakers of potential arguables to provide sufficient accounts for their claims. The findings contribute to research on argumentative talk in classrooms by extending analysis beyond adjacent turns, by highlighting the resources of repetitions and why-type questions that speakers deploy to adumbrate oppositions, and by explicating the details of second language learner talk in peer discussions.
Surgical Procedures for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Appendix: A Consensus Guideline Review
Authors: Vladova Paulina Tr. , Iliev Sergey D. , Popovska Savelina L.
Published: July 2018

According to the consensus and the recommendations of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS), the frequency of appendicular neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is 0.15-0.6/100 000 a year. They are found a little more often in women aged between 40 and 50. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix are about 30 to 80% of all appendicular tumors. Their evolution is usually asymptomatic. They are diagnosed accidentally during a conventional or laparoscopic appendectomy. In the past, the surgical approach used to depend on the localization of the tumor. Currently, its localization is not a significant factor in the choice of a surgical approach. Our purpose wass to present the consensus guideline and the recommendations of ENETS 2017 for surgical procedures in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and analyze the difference in the survival rate in different surgical interventions. The literature overview includes studies on surgical treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and takes into consideration the last consensus guideline of ENETS 2017 on the topic. ENETS recommends a simple appendectomy in well- differentiated appendix tumors smaller than 2 cm, regardless of their localization. Right hemicolectomy is performed for in tumors sized between 1 cm and 2 cm with positive resection lines, with deep mesoappendiceal invasion, high proliferation activity (G2) and vascular invasion. For tumors over larger than 2 cm – right hemicolectomy is recommended. Although current studies have pointed out no significant differences in survival rates between appendectomy for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the appendix and right hemicolectomy, ENETS 2017 suggests that the latest consensus guidelines should be followed.
Serum biomarkers of neuronal injury in newborns evaluated for selective head cooling: a comparative pilot study
Authors: Patil Uday P. , Mally Pradeep V. , Wachtel Elena V.
Published: July 2018

Background

Evaluation of newborns for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) includes laboratory and clinical parameters, as well as amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG). Based on qualifying criteria, selective head cooling (SHC) is initiated for infants with evidence of moderate to severe HIE. However, some newborns may not qualify for hypothermia therapy based on normal aEEG.

Objective

To compare levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase-1 (UCHL-1) protein and phosphorylated axonal neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H), in newborns who met initial screening criteria for HIE but did not qualify for head cooling, to the levels in healthy newborns.

Study design

Newborns ≥36 weeks of gestational age at risk for HIE, who were evaluated but did not qualify for SHC from July 2013 through June 2014 at NYU Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital center were enrolled. A control group included healthy newborns from the newborn nursery (NBN). Serum samples were collected between 24 and 48 h of life from both groups.

Results

There was no significant difference in the serum levels of GFAP, UCHL-1 protein and pNF-H between the two groups of infants.

Conclusion

Newborns at risk for HIE who met the initial criteria for head cooling but who were excluded based on normal aEEG did not show significant elevation of biomarkers of brain injury compared to healthy newborns. These findings may help to validate using aEEG as an additional evaluation criteria in cooling.
Culture and Stock Price Reaction to Private Information
Authors: Todea Anita
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the impact of culture on stock price informativeness in a sample of firms from 23 developed stock markets. We find that the information content of private information in stock prices is higher in more individualistic countries and in low uncertainty-avoiding countries. Moreover, financial openness stimulates the incorporation of private information into individualistic countries and in low uncertainty-avoiding countries.
Mirror therapy for phantom limb and stump pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial in landmine amputees in Cambodia
Authors: Ol Ha Sam , Van Heng Yang , Danielsson Lena , Husum Hans
Published: July 2018

Background and aims

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of mirror and tactile therapy on phantom and stump pain in patients with traumatic amputations, with particular reference to amputees in low-income communities.

Methods

The study was conducted with an open, randomized, semi-crossover case-control design in rural Cambodia. A study sample of 45 landmine victims with trans-tibial amputations was allocated to three treatment arms; mirror therapy, tactile therapy, and combined mirror-and-tactile therapy. Non-responders from the mono-therapy interventions were crossed over to the alternative intervention. The intervention consisted of 5 min of treatment every morning and evening for 4 weeks. Endpoint estimates of phantom limb pain (PLP), stump pain, and physical function were registered 3 months after the treatment.

Results

All three interventions were associated with more that 50% reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS)-rated PLP and stump pain. Combined mirror-tactile treatment had a significantly better effect on PLP and stump pain than mirror or tactile therapy alone. The difference between the three treatment arms were however slight, and hardly of clinical relevance. After treatment, the reduction of pain remained unchanged for an observation period of 3 months.

Conclusions

The study documents that a 4-week treatment period with mirror and/or tactile therapy significantly reduces PLP and stump pain after trans-tibial amputations.

Implications

The article reports for the first time a randomized controlled trial of mirror therapy in a homogenous sample of persons with traumatic amputations. The findings are of special relevance to amputees in low-resource communities.
Methods for strengthening a weak instrument in the case of a persistent treatment
Authors: Berthélemy Michel , Bonev Petyo , Dussaux Damien , Söderberg Magnus
Published: July 2018

When evaluating policy treatments that are persistent and endogenous, available instrumental variables often exhibit more variation over time than the treatment variable. This leads to a weak instrumental variable problem, resulting in high bias or uninformative confidence intervals. We evaluate two new estimation approaches that strengthen the instrument. We derive their theoretical properties and show in Monte Carlo simulations that they outperform standard IV-estimators. We use our procedures to estimate the effect of public utility divestiture in the US nuclear energy sector. Our results show that divestiture significantly increases production efficiency.
A non-linear Keynesian Goodwin-type endogenous model of the cycle: Bayesian evidence for the USA
Authors: Mariolis Theodore , Konstantakis Konstantinos N. , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Tsionas Efthymios G.
Published: July 2018

This paper incorporates the so-called Bhaduri-Marglin accumulation function in Goodwin’s original growth cycle model and econometrically estimates the proposed model for the case of the US economy in the time period 1960–2012, using a modern Bayesian sequential Monte Carlo method. Based on our findings, the US economy follows an exhilarationist regime throughout our investigation period with the sole exception of an underconsumption regime for the time period 1974–1978. In general, the results suggest that the proposed approach is an appropriate vehicle for expanding and improving traditional Goodwin-type models.
Testing for misspecification in the short-run component of GARCH-type models
Authors: Chuffart Thomas , Flachaire Emmanuel , Péguin-Feissolle Anne
Published: July 2018

In this article, a misspecification test in conditional volatility and GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown GARCH-type models. This new test can be seen as a general misspecification test of a large set of GARCH-type univariate models. It focuses on the short-term component of the volatility. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments and we compare it to two other standard Lagrange Multiplier tests, which are more restrictive. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.
Leveraging a Legacy of Activism: Black Lives Matter and the Future of HIV Prevention for Black MSM
Authors: Matthews Derrick D.
Published: July 2018

This year marks the 30th anniversary of AIDS Education and Prevention. As we approach the United Nations goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, it is a useful time to reflect on and learn from history. In the United States, no such endeavor can be successful without addressing the specific context of Black men who have sex with men. In this commentary I highlight factors that led us to a state in which Black MSM represent approximately a quarter of all people living with HIV in the United States. I also look back at the power of activism during the beginning of the HIV epidemic. Using Black Lives Matter as a contemporary framework, I highlight natural linkages between activism 30 years ago, its incarnation and relationship to public health today, and its promise as the way forward in achieving the elimination of AIDS for Black MSM by 2030.
Getting to Zero: We Can't Do It Without Addressing Substance Use
Authors: Jenkins Richard A.
Published: July 2018

HIV elimination by 2030 cannot occur without attention to substance use. It cuts across risk groups and affects sexual risk behavior, treatment adherence, and systemic processes such as immunity and inflammation. There continues to be often limited attention to non-injection drug use and the syndemic character of HIV and substance use. There is a need for a more comprehensive approach that addresses the multiple influences of substance use on HIV prevention and care, integrating this into evidence-based services and building on the successes of comprehensive Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain approaches to substantially reducing new HIV cases among drug users.
Cutting-Edge Success in Preventing Heterosexual HIV Transmission in Africa: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Has Reached 15 Million Men
Authors: Schenker Inon
Published: July 2018

Male circumcision is a minor surgery performed for religious and medical reasons. Three randomized clinical trials demonstrated it could reduce heterosexual HIV transmission from infected females to males by over 60%, paving the way in 2006 for multinational efforts to circumcise 27 million men in sub-Saharan Africa by 2021. It is estimated that by 2030 male circumcision will avert at least 500,000 HIV infections in Africa, saving lives and budgets. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) of adults and adolescents has challenged policy makers, implementers, funders, and civil society in bringing surgery to the frontline of HIV prevention. Five key challenges are discussed: policy, clinical, demand, supply, and scaling up. A unique Israel-Senegal-South Africa collaboration, which enhanced high-volume (100 VMMCs per day) and high-quality (less than 2% minor adverse events) procedures, is described, highlighting VMMC as one of the most impressive public health collaborative interventions in HIV/AIDS prevention globally.
A Multilevel Computational Characterization of Endophenotypes in Addiction
Authors: Fiore Vincenzo G. , Ognibene Dimitri , Adinoff Bryon , Gu Xiaosi
Published: July 2018

Addiction is characterized by a profound intersubject (phenotypic) variability in the expression of addictive symptomatology and propensity to relapse following treatment. However, laboratory investigations have primarily focused on common neural substrates in addiction and have not yet been able to identify mechanisms that can account for the multifaceted phenotypic behaviors reported in the literature. To fill this knowledge gap theoretically, here we simulated phenotypic variations in addiction symptomology and responses to putative treatments, using both a neural model, based on cortico-striatal circuit dynamics, and an algorithmic model of reinforcement learning (RL). These simulations rely on the widely accepted assumption that both the ventral, model-based, goal-directed system and the dorsal, model-free, habitual system are vulnerable to extra-physiologic dopamine reinforcements triggered by addictive rewards. We found that endophenotypic differences in the balance between the two circuit or control systems resulted in an inverted-U shape in optimal choice behavior. Specifically, greater unbalance led to a higher likelihood of developing addiction and more severe drug-taking behaviors. Furthermore, endophenotypes with opposite asymmetrical biases among cortico-striatal circuits expressed similar addiction behaviors, but responded differently to simulated treatments, suggesting personalized treatment development could rely on endophenotypic rather than phenotypic differentiations. We propose our simulated results, confirmed across neural and algorithmic levels of analysis, inform on a fundamental and, to date, neglected quantitative method to characterize clinical heterogeneity in addiction.
Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction (Review)
Authors: Babaev M. A. , Bykov D. B. , Birg Т. M. , Vyzhigina M. А. , Eremenko A. A.
Published: July 2018

Mechanical ventilation is associated with a number of complications that increase the cost of treatment and the hospital mortality rate. In 2004, the term «ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction» (VIDD) was proposed to explain one of the reasons for the failure of respiratory support. At present, this term is understood as a combination of atrophy and weakness of the contractile function of the diaphragm caused directly by a long-term mechanical lung ventilation. Oxidative stress, proteolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as passive overdistension of the diaphragm fibers contribute greatly to the pathogenesis of VIDD. Since 30—80% of patients in the ICU require mechanical respiratory support and even 6—8 hours of mechanical lung ventilation can contribute to the development of a significant weakness of the diaphragm, it can be concluded that the VIDD is an extremely urgent problem in most patients. Its typical clinical presentation is characterized by impaired breathing mechanics and unsuccessful attempts to switch the patient to the spontaneous breathing in the absence of other valid reasons for respiratory disorders. The sonography is the most informative and accessible diagnostic method, and preservation of spontaneous breathing activity and the use of the latest mechanical ventilation modes are considered a promising approach to prevention and correction of the disorders. The search for an optimal strategy for lung ventilation, development of diagnostic and physiotherapeutic methods, as well as the consolidation of the work of a multidisciplinary team of specialists (anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists, neurologists, pulmonologists, surgeons, etc.) can help in solving this serious problem. A review of 122 sources about the VIDD presented data on the background of the issue, the definition of the problem, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, the effect of drugs, prevention and therapy.
Use of Vitreous Enamel Coated Bars in Structural Concrete Subjected to Corrosive Environment
Authors: Anil Patnaik  , Srikanth Bajaj  , Mohammed Imtiaz Khan  , T. S. Srivatsan 
Published: July 2018

Steel-reinforced structural concrete is a common building material that has proven itself to be versatile, economical and affordable. Under a spectrum of operating conditions and circumstances, steel-reinforced concrete can be categorized as being both strong and durable thereby enabling in maintenance-free service during its life span. However, corrosion, or environment-induced degradation, of the steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is of concern particularly in aggressive environments, to include both aqueous and gaseous. A gradual degradation of the steel within concrete causes several problems ranging from cracking to spelling of the concrete coupled with reduced bond strength between the steel bars and the surrounding concrete. A reduction in bond strength contributes to a gradual loss in strength coupled with increased deformation, ease of initiation of flaws spanning both microscopic and macroscopic, and concurrent growth of the flaws through the microstructure. An evaluation of steel reinforcing bars coated with a new and emerging coating material is presented in this paper. Two potential applications for this type of coated bars include (a) the role of enamel-coated dowel bars for use in concrete pavements, and (b) enamel coated bars as viable reinforcement for structural concrete. The results of the study are aimed at evaluating and understanding the influence of environment on corrosion resistance of enamel coated steel reinforcing bars with concomitant influence on mechanical performance of reinforced concrete structure is presented, and comparisons are made with the performance of structural concrete reinforced with conventional steel reinforcing bars. Structural tests on beam specimens reinforced with enamel-coated steel reinforcing bars demonstrated the role of vitreous enamel coating on steel reinforcing bars and proved that the performance of reinforced concrete beams with such bars is marginally better in terms of improved flexural strength and shear strength.
Health of Infants After ART-Treated, Subfertile, and Fertile Deliveries
Authors: Hwang Sunah S. , Dukhovny Dmitry , Gopal Daksha , Cabral Howard , Missmer Stacey , Diop Hafsatou , Declercq Eugene , Stern Judy E.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the risk of adverse health outcomes for infants after assisted reproductive technology (ART)–treated and subfertile as compared with fertile deliveries.

METHODS:

Live-born singleton infants ≥23 weeks’ gestational age (GA) born in Massachusetts between July 1, 2004, and December 31, 2010, were analyzed by linking a clinical ART database with state vital records. χ2 tests were used to compare the outcomes of fertile (those without ART treatment or other indicators of infertility), subfertile (indicators of infertility, no ART), and ART-treated (linked to ART deliveries) mothers, stratified by GA. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using multivariate logistic regression within each GA stratum, controlling for maternal sociodemographic and health characteristics.

RESULTS:

Compared with infants of fertile mothers (n = 336 705), infants born to subfertile (n = 5043) or ART-treated (n = 8375) mothers were more likely to be preterm (aOR 1.39 [95% CI 1.26–1.54] and aOR 1.72 [95% CI 1.60–1.85], respectively) and have respiratory and gastrointestinal and/or nutritional conditions (aOR range: 1.12–1.18). When stratified by GA, infants of subfertile or ART-treated mothers were at greater risk for congenital malformations and infectious diseases as well as cardiovascular and respiratory conditions (aOR range: 1.30–2.61; 95% CI range: 1.02–4.59). Compared with infants born to subfertile mothers, infants born to ART-treated mothers were at lower risk for being small for GA and having congenital malformations and cardiovascular conditions and at higher risk for infectious disease conditions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with infants born to fertile mothers, infants of subfertile and ART-treated mothers are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes at birth beyond prematurity. The occurrence and magnitude of these risks vary by GA and organ systems.
Doradores en Santafé (Bogotá) y en Quito en el siglo XVII: artífices, obras y comitentes
Authors: Justo Estebaranz Ángel , Vargas Murcia Laura Liliana
Published: July 2018

Este artículo aborda la actividad de los doradores en dos grandes centros artísticos del norte del Virreinato del Perú durante el siglo XVII: Santafé (Bogotá, Colombia) y Quito. La presencia de los doradores fue fundamental para completar el acabado de las obras de escultores, pintores, carpinteros, entalladores o ebanistas. A pesar de no haber existido un gremio de doradores ni en la Audiencia de Santafé ni en la de Quito durante el siglo XVII, su actividad fue constante, apreciada, solicitada y bien remunerada. En este trabajo retomamos fuentes secundarias en las que aparecen referencias a doradores y también apelamos a múltiples contratos inéditos que reposan en archivos colombianos y ecuatorianos, los cuales nos permitieron identificar a artistas desconocidos hasta la fecha. El aporte fundamental de nuestro estudio reside en el hallazgo y descripción de los doradores activos en el siglo XVII dentro de estas Audiencias, de los precios de las obras, del tiempo de realización de las labores de dorado, de las condiciones pactadas en los contratos —tanto para el maestro como para los oficiales que trabajaban con él—, de las piezas de mobiliario sobre cuyo dorado queda constancia notarial, y, por último del desempeño de diversas labores artísticas por parte de varios doradores durante esa centuria
Flora of Paraíba State, Brazil: Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Silva Thaynara de Sousa , Wanderley Maria das Graças Lapa , Melo José Iranildo Miranda de
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Aechmea is one of the largest genera of Bromeliaceae, having more than 250 species, and Brazil is its principal center of endemism. We taxonomically examined the species of Aechmea encountered in Paraíba State in northeastern Brazil. Our analyses were based on specimens collected during the present study, as well as examinations of local and regional herbaria collections. Eleven species were encountered to State: Aechmea aquilega, A. chrysocoma, A. costantinii, A. emmerichiae, A. eurycorymbus, A. fulgens, A. leptantha, A. mertensii, A. nudicaulis, A. patentissima, and A. werdermannii. Of those taxa, seven are endemic to northeastern Brazil and five are included within one of the threatened categories according to IUCN criteria, two of them being "endangered" and "critically endangered". We include here a key to the identification of the species, a list of the materials examined, commentaries concerning the taxonomic affinities of the species based on morphological characters, data concerning their geographic distributions, flowering, fruiting, inferences concerning their conservation statuses, as well as images and drawings indicating their principal characteristics.
Há mais história lá embaixo - um convite para rever uma palestra
Authors: Schulz Peter A.
Published: July 2018

Resumo Nesse artigo discute-se o papel de Richard Feynman na nanotecnologia a partir de um dos seus textos mais citados, a palestra There is plenty of room at the bottom – an invitation for a new Field of Physics. É discutido o contexto histórico da época de sua concepção, as possíveis inspirações nas quais o autor se baseou e a influência décadas depois, quando a palestra foi redescoberta e necessária no estabelecimento da nanotecnologia como campo do conhecimento.
Feynman, a superfluidez e a supercondutividade
Authors: Farinas Paulo F.
Published: July 2018

Resumo É apresentada uma exposição breve e, na medida do possível, leve, das ideias em torno do entendimento da superfluidez e sua relação com a supercondutividade, com destaque ao papel de Richard Feynman. Tenta-se focalizar sobre o conteúdo das ideias em vez dos apectos sociais e históricos, cuja abordagem já popula a literatura.
Problem-Based Learning in Teaching of Thanatology in Undergraduate Nursing Program
Authors: Sampaio Cynthia Lima , Neri Maria Fabiana de Sena , Araújo Michell Ângelo Marques , Caetano Joselany Áfio , Eloia Suzana Mara Cordeiro , Souza Ângela Maria Alves e
Published: July 2018

Abstract Objectives: To report a methodological experience of learning-based on problems in the discipline of Thanatology. Method: Experience report of professors of the baccalaureate degree in nursing using problem situations influenced by the methodology of questioning and problem-based learning. Results: The elaboration of three problem situations broadened the development of the formative process in Thanatology, favored reflections during the program of the discipline and approached the theory of real situations experienced by the students. Conclusions and implications for practice: This methodology was assessed as a viable and low-cost strategy in promoting empowerment on issues of death and dying. In addition, students self-assessed as reflective agents and builders of their own personal and professional growth.
Uma paisagem da Epistemologia e Metodologia em Comunicação
Authors: Marinho Sandra , Mariño Miguel Vicente
Published: July 2018

Ao longo do século XX, a investigação em Comunicação consolidou progressivamente a sua presença e relevância no seio das Ciências Sociais...
Notes on Communication research epistemology and methods
Authors: Peruzzo Cicilia M. Krohling
Published: July 2018

This text weaves some aspects of research in Communication starting from the philosophy of knowledge as a basis for understanding science. It aims to discuss the issue of scientific research in the epistemological perspective, to consider the importance of scientific methodology in its methodical and technical dimensions, as well as to reflect on aspects of the research carried out in Latin America and more specifically in Brazil. It is a theoretical approach based on a non-systematic and non-exhaustive literature review. The existence of thematic and methodological diversity is examined, as well as the apparent tendency of the research to focus on the novelty, mainly in regards to elements related to technology, as object of study. The urgency of strengthening research in Communication is also considered, both theoretical and empirical, and the necessary advance in the design and description of research methods and techniques when presenting results and analyzes.
Epistemology, methods and theories of communication in the Big Data Era: a critical panorama of social media research
Authors: Soares Ana Thereza Nogueira
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a critical reflection on the epistemological, methodological and theoretical implications of the researches based on Big Data – especially on social media data – for the scientific field of communication. From an epistemological point of view, it reveals the unsustainability of analytical models based on static frameworks of communication, claiming that the sociasl processes that emerge with the influence of the internet are unequivocally presented in fluid and contingent formats. In this context, it highlights that the evolution of technology itself has the potential to boost the construction of data collection and analysis tools capable of grasping the communication movements, justifying the need for alignment between ontology, epistemology and methodology in scientific research. The text, also, poses questions about communication theory and its concepts. It is believed that the relevance acquired by data in recent years should not point to a domain of the empirical over the theoretical. Effectively, the strengthening of the communication science demands precision and care with the use of terms, models and theoretical references historically consolidated in the problematization and explanation of the contemporary.
Potencialidades e limitações da metodologia de análise de rede: um modelo teórico voltado para as Ciências Sociais
Authors: Filho Francisco Conrado , Santos Luís António
Published: July 2018

Este artigo procura discutir o lugar da análise de rede dentro das Ciências Sociais, não somente como uma simples ferramenta de investigação metodológica, mas também na perspetiva de um campo de investigação com teorias próprias e consolidadas. Enquadrar a sua utilização significa discutir o seu papel na análise e compreensão de objetos por um campo que sofre, às vezes, acusações de ser bastante tecnicista. Apesar de impulsionado pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação e pelos média sociais, em particular, a análise de rede tem um espectro de utilização muito mais alargado, pelo que pretendemos apresentar algumas das abordagens possíveis na investigação em Ciências Sociais. Por último, tratando-se de uma metodologia interdisciplinar por natureza, acautelamos alguns dos seus riscos e enviesamentos.
From the room to the square: motivation, mediation and Vigotsky to understand the behavior
Authors: Magalhães Cláudio Márcio
Published: July 2018

Motivation is a key subject for the discipline of Consumer Behavior in Advertising and Propaganda courses, despite the fact that its conceptualization is approached by several theories that may sometimes be contradictory in addition to alumni aversion to the theoretical study. This work proposes an approach that leads one to build one’s own understanding, without underestimating different perspectives. A series of activities were developed ranging from traditional to innovative by means of an active methodology, which considers the student the center of his or her own learning. As a reference, the research was based on the work of the Russian psychologist and educator Lev Vigotsky in an attempt to become an incentive for similar methodologies that link the school environment with the public space, the interior of the classroom with the subject’s interior.
Pesquisando co-viewing em redes sociais e aplicativos de mensagem instantânea: ética e desafios
Authors: Sá Fernanda Pires de
Published: July 2018

Este artigo discute as preocupações e os desafios éticos que devem ser considerados durante o estudo da prática de covisualização (televisão social) dos conteúdos audivisuais nas mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas. As práticas de covisualização se referem às atividades interconectadas que ocorrem enquanto os espectadores se sentam juntos em frente a um aparelho de TV, observando e construindo sentido a partir do conteúdo televisivo. Plataformas conectadas ampliam as possibilidades de covisualização, permitindo que as pessoas experimentem uma copresença digital. Neste estudo, os usuários que participaram em atividades de covisualização conectada em grupos não oficiais, do Facebook e do WhatsApp, dedicados à telenovela brasileira Babilônia (exibida em 2015), são usados para exemplificar a necessidade de estabelecer um consentimento informado ao realizar pesquisas online e evitar danos aos participantes. A pesquisa demonstra que uma tomada de decisão ética em relação aos dados e aos pontos de vista dos usuários estudados deve ser considerada e avaliada nos estágios iniciais e ao longo de cada etapa do estudo.
Researching co-viewing on social media and instant messaging applications: ethics and challenges
Authors: Sá Fernanda Pires de
Published: July 2018

This article discusses the ethical concerns and challenges that should be considered while studying the practice of co-viewing on social media and instant messaging applications. Co-viewing practices refer to the intertwined activities that happen while viewers sit together in front of a TV set, watching and making meaning from television content. Connected platforms amplify the possibilities for co-viewing, by allowing people to experience a digital co-presence. Users that engaged in connected co-viewing in unofficial Facebook and WhatsApp groups dedicated to the brazilian telenovela Babilônia (airing in 2015) are used to exemplify the need to establish informed consent and avoid harming the participants when carrying out research online. The research reveals that ethical decision-making with respect to users’ data and viewpoints had to be considered, not only at the beginning stages of research, but assessed and considered throughout each step of the study.
Antoine, F. (Ed.) (2016). Analyser la radio. Méthodes et mises en pratique. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Supérieur.
Authors: Oliveira Madalena
Published: July 2018

or an artist – a painter, sculptor or writer – the point of view is the place from which a real object is observed, examined, contemplated and understood...
«Советский нищий»: опыт реконструкции коллективного портрета 1950-х гг.
Authors: Зубкова Елена Юрьевна
Published: July 2018

Елена Юрьевна Зубкова – д. и. н., главный научный сотрудник, руководитель Центра социальной истории России, Институт российской истории РАН, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: elena.zubkova@mail.ru

Статья рассматривает реконструкцию коллективного портрета советских нищих середины 1950-х гг. – комплекс социально-демографических, экономических, социокультурных характеристик, дающих представление о нищих как маргинальной социальной группе. Исследование основано на материалах статистического учета нищих Министерства внутренних дел CCCР и документах Комитета государственного контроля СССР, который в 1954 г. организовал масштабную проверку состояния борьбы с нищенством в городах и регионах страны. Источники содержат информацию о численности, возрасте, уровне материального обеспечения, состоянии здоровья, мотивации людей, занимающихся нищенством. Обобщенные характеристики дополняют отдельные жизненные истории нищих. Факторы риска, толкающие людей на путь нищенства, были самыми разными: бедность, отсутствие социальной поддержки, преклонный возраст, инвалидность, болезнь (в том числе алкогольная зависимость), отсутствие жилья (бездомность), сиротство, многодетность, невозможность найти работу, одиночество, наличие судимости, утрата документов. Как правило, к нищенству вела их совокупность. Среди людей, занимающихся нищенством, можно выделить несколько социальных типажей: инвалиды, старики, одинокие матери с детьми, многодетные родители, люди с судимостью, выпускники детских домов, бывшая домашняя прислуга, лица, страдающие алкогольной зависимостью. Эти типажи, как и факторы риска, часто носили смешанный характер. Типичная фигура нищего – одинокий пожилой инвалид. Свою нишу занимали «профессиональные» нищие, хотя по численности они уступали «вынужденным» нищим. Советские нищие в основном рекрутировались из социально уязвимых слоев населения. Наличие значительного числа людей, для которых нищенство стало основной стратегией выживания, а также широкого спектра факторов риска, провоцирующих нищенство, свидетельствовало о серьезных изъянах советской социальной политики, особенно в части поддержки незащищенных слоев населения и разработки адаптационных стратегий для аутсайдеров.
Независимые медиа и инициативы государственной семейной политики на этапе «пронаталистского поворота»
Authors: Радина Надежда Константиновна
Published: July 2018

Надежда Константиновна Радина – д. п.н., профессор, департамент социальных наук, Национальный исследовательский университета Высшая школа экономики, Нижний Новгород, Россия. Электронная почта: nradina@hse.ru

В статье анализируется изменение фреймирования семейных отношений в текстах независимых СМИ до и после «пронаталистского поворота» семейной политики в 2006 г. Автор опирается на модель Пирса Робинсона, согласно которой только в ситуации политической неопределенности СМИ предлагают различные позиции и критику. Проблематизируется способность массмедиа выстраивать не только стратегии подчинения политической власти, но и стратегии сопротивления, особенно в случаях, когда СМИ позиционируют себя как независимого агента политического влияния. В качестве инструмента сбора эмпирических данных используется культуромика – метод исследования культурных и социальных процессов с помощью статистического анализа употребления слов и словосочетаний в значительных текстовых массивах. На основе статистического анализа употребления слов в изучаемых массмедиа выделяется фрейм-структура «семья», типичная для определенного периода. На основе статистического анализа употребления словосочетаний анализируется содержание статей, описывающих семейные отношения в СМИ. Материалом исследования выступили архивы «Газета.Ru», «Коммерсантъ», «РБК», «Новой газеты» за 16 лет (2000–2015 г.). Согласно результатам исследования, изучаемые СМИ практически не используют стратегии сопротивления. Так, «Газета.Ru» включается в пронаталистский дискурс, используя практики рефрейминга, формулирует иную точку зрения на ряд аспектов государственной семейной политики. «РБК», практикуя стратегию развлечения, поддерживает государственный пронатализм. «Коммерсантъ» одновременно игнорирует «пронаталистский поворот» и использует рефрейминг традиционной семейной тематики. «Новая газета» игнорирует «пронаталистский поворот». Выдвигается предположение, что политические элиты в России не рассматривают семейную политику как пространство реализации политических интересов. Критика «пронаталистского поворота», разделяемая исследователями, не поддерживается российской политической элитой.
Intelligent Space environment for ethorobotics
Authors: Nagy Balázs , Gubo Štefan
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a setup using a mobile robot agent in an intelligent space. The proposed concept based on a holonomic driving system mount on the robot. Due to the driving system different moving behaviours and path planning algorithms can be tested. To examine the robot movements and provide the needed support the robot agent was placed in a Motion capture system. The special environment around the robot is a motion track system which can track the movements of agents in its space via markers.
Same-Gender Biracial Parenthood and the True Cost of Raising a Transgender Teen: An Ethnographic Case Study
Authors: Vernon Muriel
Published: July 2018

This ethnographic case study illustrates how same-gendered biracial parents raising a transgender teen manage challenges interacting with transgender pediatric and adolescent health care settings. Their experiences show that obtaining puberty blocking hormones in elite medical settings systematically alienates transgender teens and their multi-marginalized families who lack White, heteronormative, and socioeconomic privilege. In this particular case, the dependence on low-cost State-sponsored medical coverage of puberty blocking hormones and the need to live near expensive “diverse” neighborhoods and “tolerant” schools takes away the families' choice of employment, career advancement, and geographic location. The cultural norms based on assumed cultural similarity that inform the current medical model in transgender adolescent health care thus do not take into account the burdens of multi-minority stressors for queer, poor families of color.
Lost in Translation: Anthropological Reflections on Cancer Survivorship in Primary Care
Authors: Rubinstein Ellen B.
Published: July 2018

In 2006, the Institute of Medicine released a report detailing how cancer survivors in the United States were “lost in transition” from specialty to primary care. Here, I address a different problem: that of being “lost in translation.” Interviews with cancer survivors in community-based primary care practices across the United States revealed a fundamental disconnect between survivorship rhetoric and patients' perspectives on what was clinically, emotionally, and physically relevant to them. In reflecting on this disconnect, I ask how anthropologists can negotiate top-down stakeholder interests with ground-level understandings in biomedical research settings, where clinicians and biomedical scientists often dictate the terms of research. I argue that anthropology has a valuable role to play in teasing out the complexities of clinical and identity categories in biomedical research.