bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floating Microsphere as Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: S. Pawar Kirti , P. Sonawane Mitesh , Nikam Vikas , Rathod Akash , Tamboli Akash
Published: August 2024

The goal of writing about floating microspheres is to gather the most recent research, paying particular attention to the basic idea of floatation as a means of achieving stomach retention. When a floating medication delivery system comes into touch with the stomach contents, it is expected to float for an extended period of time, improving the drug's bioavailability. Researchers and developers are currently working on the many floating formulations, which include films, tablets, powders, pills, capsules, granules, and capsules. Floating microspheres (FM) are becoming more and more important due to their wide range of applications in drug delivery to the stomach. These less dense floating microsphere, known as gastro retentive floating microspheres, have the capacity to float and disperse uniformly across the entire gastric fluid, reducing the likelihood of gastric emptying and guarantee a longer duration of drug release. Additionally, the floating microsphere improve patient compliance by reducing the frequency of dosing. FMs could be used to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of medications with short half-lives. We will go over the foundations of floating microspheres in this overview, as well as some contemporary uses for them.
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Herbal Tablet containing Syzygium cuminii, Swertia chirata and Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Narkhede Sachin B. , Luhar Shailesh V. , Tailor Palak A. , Shinde Siddhi S. , Saini Shrushti J. , Singh Aniket D. , Singh Manish J.
Published: August 2024

In a developing nation like India, diabetes has imposed an immense burden on the health care system. There is additionally an alpha-amylase of blood sugar levels in diabetes patients in the numerous treatment approaches. Therefore, it is unquestionably crucial to scientifically screen medicinal plants for their use in treatments to ensure that they are both safe and effective. Our present research investigates the alpha-amylase inhibitory action of methanolic extracts from the Syzygium cuminii seeds, Gymnema sylvestre leaves, and Swertia chirata leaves three indigenous medicinal herbs. With the use of the alpha-amylase model and the 3, 5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) approach, the anti-diabetic action was carried out. The fundamental concept of the DNSA approach is the color-change principle, which is further validated by the colorimeter. The findings demonstrated that the alpha-amylase inhibitory action is present in all three methanolic extracts of Syzygium cuminii seeds, Gymnema sylvestre leaves, and Swertia chirata leaves. Furthermore, we concluded that Syzygium cuminii seed extract is more effective than the other two at inhibiting alpha-amylase activity. Based on the findings of this study, we endorse the use of all three methanolic extracts in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Screening of Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial activity on Flower Extracts of Morinda coreia Buch Ham.
Authors: Bose Bharadhan , Amarnathan Sethuramani , Selvam Gopi
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Morinda coreia has rich active components which has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Their active substance content may vary according to plant genetics, parts used,as well as to climatic factors, quality of the ground in which the plants were grown, the time of harvesting, and the extraction methods. Basically the flowers can heal the common cold, improve memory, aid relaxation due to presence of volatile oil. Flowers could be used as a new approach for the development of nutraceutical products or functional foods. The flower part of this plant are not documented. To develop and apply it, we report Pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity. Methods: The extracts were prepared by cold maceration process with aqueous and organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate. The anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and the antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis was found to be more susceptible toward the ethanolic extract (14mm) at the maximum conc. of 300µl followed by ethyl acetate (10mm) and aqueous extract (12mm). Similarly for Klebsiella pneumonia maximum inhibitory zone (13mm) followed Pseudomonas auroginosa (13mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12mm), Candida albicans was moderate sensitive towards ethanolic extract (11mm) Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Morinda coreia flower possessed high anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity than ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts on comparing with standards.
A Review on Traditional uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Giloy)
Authors: Singh Arjun
Published: August 2024

Traditional medicine is a body of knowledge, skills, and practices based on traditional cultures' presumptions, beliefs, and experiences in order to maintain their health. Traditional herbal treatments are highly valued among many rural or indigenous people in many underdeveloped nations. According to the World Health Organization, about 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicine, with 60% of rural Indians using herbal treatments. During the previous five years, utilization of herbal supplements grew from 2.5% to 12percent. Tinospora cordifolia is a member of the Menispermaceae family and possesses a wide range of immunotherapeutic qualities, including antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, and antibacterial activities, as well as relatively low toxicity. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), a perennial and climbing shrub with succulent stems and papery barks, is found all over the world. It has been discovered that the leaf extract is beneficial in treating infections caused by B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, E. coli, and S. pyrogens. Furthermore, it supports the process of cell renewal and repair. The plant is used to make herbal medicines on a yearly basis in about 10,000 tonnes. Phenyl propanoid glycosides like Syringin, Cordifolioside A, and Cordifolioside B, as well as the immunostimulatory molecule d-glucan, are among the main active substances identified from the plant. Tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols are some of the chemical components found in medicinal plants that have a distinct physiological effect on the human body. Medicinal plants do not only exhibit natural therapeutic properties, but also provide natural prevention against various diseases. As a result, we are attempting to summarize, gather the number of plants, and their ethnopharmacological qualities in this complete review study research.
An Overview on Kidney Stone Based on Medicinal Plants
Authors: Movaliya Harshad , Gohel Mital
Published: August 2024

For thousands of years, people have prized medicinal plants as a rich source of therapeutic compounds for the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. Today, a sizable portion of the population suffers from kidney stones and urinary calculi. Stone illness has increased in incidence due to changes in lifestyle. The four main types of stones that form in the kidneysare calcium stones (75 to 85%), struvite stones (2 to 15%), uric acid stones (6 to 10%) and cystine stones (1 to 2%). The most common stone recorded in India is Calcium oxalate Kidney stones. Surgical treatment of the kidney stone is expensive and may result into reoccurance also. Since Herbal Plants are safer, more efficient, more acceptable culturallyand have fewer side effects than produced pharmaceuticals. Medicinal herbs have been used for treatment of kidney stone for millennia. Patients are recommended to follow a low-fat diet and take herbal remedies in addition to fibre from naturally occurring plants. Antiurolithiatic Herbs are used to treat Kidney Stones. The purpose of this article is to review the different types, diagnostic methods, ancient treatment of kidney stone and to emphasize the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment for Kidney Stones.
TRANSFER OF TENSE MEANING IN GRAMMATICAL FORMS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi., Xonnazarov Elyor
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the cases in which grammatical forms specif- ic to one tense mean another tense depending on the context and speech situation in Uzbek language. A reaction was expressed to the work done in Uzbek linguistics regarding the transfer of tenses. In grammatical forms, there is a difference between the appearance of the tense meaning shift in standard constructions and those that are not connected to the speech environment. In the analysis, statistical indicators are based on the texts of the educational corpus of the Uzbek language (uzschoolcorpora.uz). The fact that a grammatical form specific to one tense means another tense in the context causes errors in the process of automatic annotation in the corpus. The article also provides information about the possibilities of au- tomatic analysis of cases related to the transition of tenses in the corpus.
THESIGNIFICANCEOFDIALOGUESINTEACH-ING UZBEK AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi., Khamidullayeva Fotima
Published: August 2024

This article contains recommendations on the use of dialogues in the teaching of Uzbek as a foreign language and the possibility of using themin the processof developing speaking skills. Examples of the correct use of dialogues and their practical application are provided. It is stated thatbylisteningtotheaudioofthedialogues,thelearnerscanfurtherde-velop their speaking skills. It is shown that it is possible to learn a foreign language more effective lyusing ready-madeconstructions.Inaddition,the issue of researchers’ opinions on language learning with the help of dia-logue was raised.
ON THE METHOD AND METHODOLOGY OF LIN- GUOCRIMINAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi., Urozov Jumanazar
Published: August 2024

The practical significance of special fields such as linguo-criminol- ogy, forensic linguistics, court rhetoric, linguistics of the legal language, lin- guistics of law-making, which arose on the basis of the mutual integration of the fields of linguistics and jurisprudence at the world level, is highly ap- preciated. In particular, in the process of judicial investigation, it is of great importance to carry out tasks such as checking and analyzing criminalistic texts in the linguistic aspect, identifying problematic situations and givingthem a legal assessment. This article discusses the methodology of linguis- tic research of texts related to the judicial investigation process. This meth- od plays an important role in text research.
USINGMEDIAEDUCATIONINTEACHINGUZBEK AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi., Odiljonova Nilufar
Published: August 2024

In this article, the use of media education in teaching Uzbek as a foreignlanguageisdiscussedtobeofspecialimportancefortheformation of students’ worldview, development and fluency of their oral speech. It was also thought that playing interactive games during the lesson, using picturesonthetopic,constructingsentencesbasedonthem,analyzingsit-uations and finding answers to tabular questions will increase the effec-tiveness of the lesson and make it interesting.
"Interrelation of Workplace Spirituality, Organizational Trust, and Performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES): A Synergistic Approach"
Authors: Satish Chandra Mishra
Published: August 2024

Purpose- This research examines the interplay between workplace spirituality and organizational performance in Indian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with a specific focus on organizational trust as a potential mediating factor. The study also considers the implications of these relationships for the long-term sustainability of these businesses.
Design/methodology/approach- The research collected information from various levels of personnel in Indian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), including owners, managers, supervisors, and employees. Questionnaires were distributed to 550 participants, with 428 fully completed responses being included in the final analysis in Delhi and NCR Region of India. To examine the data, the study employed structural equation modelling using Smart PLS 4.0 software.
Findings- There is a significant direct effect on the relationships between workplace spirituality and organizational performance and this was further established that there is moderately strong partial mediation of organizational trust between workplace spirituality and organizational performance. These will be useful for the SMEs organization to improve their performance for sustainability in the present global environment flooded with smart technologies.
Research limitations/Implications - To enhance organizational performance, workplace spirituality and the role of trust were examined, and this was established that SMEs must adopt workplace spirituality to increase their performance in the present dynamic global economy for their survival. This study will assist stakeholders, owners, managers, and academicians in thinking about suitable strategies for adopting and developing a culture of spirituality for their competitive advantage and for their sustainability.
Originality/value - This study is unique as this contributes to understanding the role of workplace spirituality and the role of trust in the organizational performance of SMEs, which have been neglected in India.
INTRODUCTION OF THE MILITARY-DISTRICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON BELARUSIAN LANDS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1850s – EARLY 1860s
Authors: KHAVANSKI A.
Published: August 2024

This article examines a wide range of issues related to the specifics of the preparation and implementation of military reform in the Belarusian lands. The work identifies the main directions of activity of military department officials to develop options for improving the military command and control system. During the research, an in-depth analysis of the reasons that led to changes in government policy in the field of military control in the region was carried out. In chronological order, through the prism of normative legal acts, the processes of formation and legislative registration of district management institutions in the region are shown. Factors that had a negative impact on the formation of the district management structure were identified. The organizational measures of the War Ministry aimed at improving the structure of the Vilna Military District are shown. It is noted that the implementation of measures to create a military district system on Belarusian lands in the early 1860s. was carried out in a difficult international and socio-political situation associated with the consequences of the Crimean War and anti-government protests. Extraordinary circum-stances determined the repressive and punitive nature of its structure and powers. At the same time, along with general features, in the process of forming the Vilna Military District, local features emerged that reflected the level of military threats in the region.

The results and conclusions of the study can be used in the preparation of textbooks, lectures and special courses on national and military history for students and cadets of higher educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus.
SOVIET SERVICEMEN IN LOCAL WARS OF THE 2nd HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF BELARUS): HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL ASPECT
Authors: KUZNETSOVA-TIMONOVA A.
Published: August 2024

The article contains the description of main directions of the study of the representatives of Belarus who took part in local wars and military conflicts in 1950 – 1980th on the territory of foreign states as Soviet servicemen and civilian specialists. Author describes how to detect the main categories of warriors (military advisers, military specialists, interpreters, etc.; officers, junior commanders, privates) in different countries, the specifics of Soviet participation in different military conflicts and it’s intensification at different stages. For example the author uses wars in Vietnam, Angola, Ethiopia and Arab-Israeli wars.
CHILDREN'S HOMES IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR ORPHANS AND CHILDREN WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE IN THE BSSR: TYPES, FUNCTIONS, THEIR ROLE IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN (1944–1956)
Authors: MOKH Н.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the activities of the People's Commissariat of Education of the BSSR to solve the problems of child homelessness and neglect in the post-war period. The author examines the features of the development of the system of institutions for orphaned children, analyzes the main regulatory documents that determined and regulated the functioning of orphanages, the basic rules for accepting the enrollment of pupils, and the problems of material support for orphanages.
推展優質教育：全方位系統化的策略與方案
Authors: 彭森明 彭森明
Published: August 2024

優質教育是人人期許的教育，可惜事實往往與願違。究其原因，主要是教育的本質與相關因素很複雜，若考慮不夠周詳，即可能造成一些政策與執行方案的錯誤與偏失。

本書即針對此議題，以全方位、系統化的模式，敘述10項推展優質教育策略及其行動方案，供關心教育的人士，舉凡政府教育決策人員、學校主管及教師、教育研究與創新學者、有志從事教育工作者、社會賢達人士、家庭長輩、父母親以及在校學生，都可各取所需，供做參照及思考之用。相信讀者們都能從中獲得一些與切身有關的教育真知與正見，為自己以及後代子孫開創一個良好的學習與成長天地。
教育政策學
Authors: 吳清山 吳清山
Published: August 2024

本書共分十五章，內容包括教育政策的基本概念、理論框架、促動要素及研究趨勢，撰寫力求嚴謹，取材掌握最新時勢，文辭注重通暢，透過深入淺出的方式，讓讀者們理解教育政策學的精隨，除可供讀者有興趣於研究教育政策參考外，亦可作為自我進修、準備考試及教科書之用。
Tindak Tutur Ekspresif Guru dan Respons Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah
Authors: Luthfiyyahsyah Puteri Shabrina , Syihabuddin Syihabuddin , Supriadi Rinaldi , Ramanda Rifaldi
Published: August 2024

Guru sebagai suri tauladan dituntut untuk dapat bertindak dengan baik dan bertutur dengan santun. Tindak tutur ekspresif guru memiliki peran penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif sehingga mendukung siswa untuk menjadi percaya diri dan bersemangat. Namun faktanya, masih dijumpai kekerasan verbal yang dilontarkan guru. Sebaliknya, terdapat pujian dari guru yang secara tidak langsung membuat siswa menjadi sombong sementara siswa lainnya merasa rendah diri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis tuturan ekspresif guru dan respons siswa selama pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-fenomenologis. Data diperoleh dari seorang guru bahasa Arab dan 62 siswa kelas 11 dengan teknik random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, teknik catat, sadap rekam, wawancara dan angket. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah analisis wacana kelas dengan metode Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) dari teori Sinclair dan Coulthard (1975). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tuturan ekspresif yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab adalah ungkapan pujian, bantahan, persetujuan dan ungkapan syukur. Sedangkan respons siswa dominan diam, sesekali tersenyum, bersorak senang, terus memperhatikan guru dan mengulangi perkataan guru.
Understanding Institutional Compliance in Floor Risk Management: A Network Analysis Approach Highlighting the Significance of Institutional Linkages and Context
Authors: Ghorbani Amineh , Siddiki Saba , Mesdaghi Batoul , Bosch Maja , Abebe Yared Abayneh
Published: August 2024

Governments worldwide are intensifying efforts to address escalating flood risks exacerbated by climate change. Central to this endeavor is the implementation of institutional frameworks, such as public policies, aimed at mitigating, planning for, responding to, and recovering from flood events. However, the effectiveness of these institutions relies heavily on their practical application. This study delves into the institutional landscape of flood risk management (FRM) through a comprehensive case study in Sint Maarten, a Caribbean island. Specifically, we scrutinize the degree of institutional compliance, focusing on the alignment between formally advised policies (institutions-in-form) and their informal adoption in practice (institutions-in-use). Employing Institutional Network Analysis (INA), we explore discrepancies between these two dimensions across the various phases of FRM (response, recovery, mitigation, and preparation). Our findings reveal that institutional compliance varies significantly across the FRM phases, with mitigation presenting the most pronounced challenges. Notably, the discrepancies are more prevalent among those tasked with implementing the policies rather than the targeted property owners. Generally speaking, the transition of institutions from mere forms to actionable rules is often hindered by established or emerging practices diverging from prescribed directives.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaf on Liver Histopathology of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Meloxicam
Authors: Suarni N.M.R. , Ermayanti N.G.A.M. , Sukmaningsih A.A.S.A. , Deshmukh A.M.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to find out the effects of ethanol extract of moringa leaf on liver histopathology white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by meloxicam. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments where K- was given only aquadest, K+ was given 8.4 mg/kg BW of meloxicam, P1 was given 8.4 mg/kgbw of meloxicam and 200 mg of moringa leaf extract, P2 was given 8.4mg/kg bw of meloxicam and 400 mg of moringa leaf extract and P3 was given 8.4 mg/kg BW of meloxicam and 600 mg of moringa leaf extract, and each treatment consisted of 5 replications. The treatment was carried out for 35 days. The parameters observed were hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, venous congestion, fatty degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The data obtained were analyzed by One Way ANOVA analysis and continued with Duncan’s test. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of the ethanol extract of moringa leaves on liver histopathology white rats induced by meloxicam. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves in this study can prevent liver cell damage in white rat caused by meloxicam.
Effect of Nano DAP and Urea on growth, Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rajeshwari Neeruggi , Devaraju  , Srinivasa  , V., Narayan  , S. Mavarkar  , C.S. Ravi
Published: August 2024

An experiment was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Mudigere during the year 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with ten treatments and three replications to evaluate growth, yield and quality parameters of chilli. Among the treatments, treatment (T9 ) consisting of 6ml of Nano DAP and Urea (100% RNP- recommended dose of Nitrogen and phosphorus) significantly recorded maximum plant height (74.48 cm), number of leaves per plant (315.60), internodal length (8.02 cm), number of primary branches per plant (15.12), leaf area per plant (8673 m2 ), leaf area index (3.212), total chlorophyll content (2.25 mg/g), Ascorbic acid content (135.07 mg/100 g) is on par with T6. andT6 consisting of 6 ml of Nano DAP and Urea (75% RNP - recommended dose of Nitrogen and phosphorus), Significantly recorded maximum number of fruits per plant (265.29), Average fruit weight (7.27 g), fruit yield per plant (739.16 g), Fruit yield Per Plot (18.87 kg), Fruit yield tonnes per/ha (27.70 tonnes/ha) is on par with T9, compared to control. Finally, it can be inferred that among the treatments, T9 consisting of 6 ml of Nano DAP and Urea+ 100% RNP showed the better growth and quality parameters and T6 consisting of 6 ml of Nano DAP and Urea+ 75% RNP showed the better yield parameters compared to control. Hence this can be recommended for commercial cultivation of chilli.
Productivity, economic efficiency and agronomic efficiency of traditional rice varieties as influenced by EM compost and fertilizer nitrogen under Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: S. Ramesh  , S. Keerthana  , P. Sudhakar  , S. Manimaran  , K. Arivukkarasu
Published: August 2024

Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental farm, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar to study the productivity, economic efficiency and agronomic efficiency of traditional rice varieties as influenced by EM compost and fertilizer nitrogen under Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu (2018). The experiment conducted in split-plot design and treatments were replicated thrice, the three traditional rice varieties were assigned as main plot treatments viz., Mapillai samba, Illupai poo samba and Seeraga samba, and integrated nutrient management were assigned as sub plot treatments, it includes control, graded dose of nitrogen alone ant it combination with FYM, EM (effective microorganisms) compost, pressmud, green manure. From the results of field study, among the rice varieties, Mapillai samba significantly recorded higher grain yield of 2574 kg ha-1, straw yield of 3831 kg ha-1 and harvest index of 39.85 and nitrogen use efficiency of 36.58 (NUE) agronomic efficiency of 21.68 (AE) and apparent N recovery (%) of 56.93 (ANR). The aforesaid parameters were least under Illupai poo samba rice variety. In respect of INM treatments, plots received with 75% RDN along with EM compost @ 5 t ha-1 significantly recorded maximum grain yield of 2967 kg ha-1, straw yield of 4341 kg ha-1 and harvest index of 40.56. Also the same treatment recorded higher values of nitrogen use efficiency of 39.56 (NUE), agronomic efficiency of 25.58 (AE) and apparent N recovery (%) of 66.44 (ANR). The lowest grain yield, straw yield and harvest index of rice were registered under control. But lowest values of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomic efficiency (AE) and apparent N recovery (%) (ANR) were recorded under 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). In respect of economics, among the treatment combination seeraga samba rice variety received with 75% RDN + EM compost @ 5 t ha-1 registered higher gross return, net return and return per rupee invested.
Soil Characteristics of Casuarina, Eucalyptus, Melia and Teak Plantations in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Prabha A.C. Surya , A. Rajkamal  , M. Senthivelu  , S. Pragadeesh
Published: August 2024

Soil is the major source of nutrients for the growth of plants and determining the degree of soil physicochemical characteristics are very necessary to evaluate the soil fertility. The present investigation was conducted to study the soil properties of important plantations in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. The tree species selected for the study were Casuarina, Eucalyptus, Melia and Teak. Composite soil samples were collected from the selected plantations at three different depths; i.e., 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm. The maximum OC (0.69 %) was recorded in Casuarina clonal plantation (CH-5) of > 5 years at 0-15 cm depth. The mean soil pH in selected plantations of the Cauvery delta zone varied from 5.96 ± 0.08 to 7.40 ± 0.08. Nitrogen availability (307.57 kg ha-1) and potassium availability (339.57 kg ha-1) was maximum in >5 years of Casuarina clonal plantation (CH-5). The available phosphorus content was high in the surface soils (0-15 cm) of >6 years of E. camaldulensis (26.31 kg ha-1). The study has contributed to the understanding of the soil properties in different plantation species of clonal and seedling origin in Tamil Nadu.
Bio-efficacy of Cuprous Oxide 86.2% Wg against Bacterial Blight, False Smut and Blast Diseases of Paddy
Authors: Gowdar S. B. , Hurali Sujay , Narappa G.  , Raddy Gurunath
Published: August 2024

To know the effect of Cuprous oxide 86.2% WG on bacterial blight, false smut and blast diseases of rice crop the experiment was laid out with 8 treatments and replicated three times in RBD design at ARS, Gangavati during Kharif 2021-22 and Kharif 2022-23 cropping season. The variety BPT-5204 was sown with the spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm in plot size of 5 X 5 m2 with all regular agronomic practices followed as per the standard package of practice of University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur. During kharif 2021-22 and kharif 2022- 23, among all the treatments, Cuprous oxide 86.2% WG @ 1000 g/ha, reduced the blast disease to the minimum PDI of 14.37 and 13.15 per cent at 10th day observation after 3rd spray when compared with highest PDI of 35.62 and 32.56 per cent at 10th days after 3rd spray in control, respectively. Similar results were obtained during kharif 2021-22 and kharif 2022-23, Cuprous oxide 86.2% WG @ 1000 g/ha, reduced the bacterial blight disease to the minimum PDI of 7.92 and 8.90 per cent at 10th day observation after 3rd spray when compared to highest PDI of 33.56 and 38.30 per cent in control, respectively at 10th days after 3rd spray. Similarly, the incidence of false smut disease was 1.9 and 0.67 per cent when compared to control treatment with the severity of 40.47 and 31.41 per cent at 15 days before harvest with Cuprous oxide 86.2% WG @ 1000 g/ha during kharif 2021-22 kharif 2022-23, respectively. The higher grain yield of 58.00 and 58.80 q/ha was recorded with Cuprous oxide 86.2% WG @ 1000 g/ha during kharif 2021-22 and kharif 2022-23, respectively. Lowest yield of 35.10 q/ha and 35.40 q/ha was recorded in untreated control during both the season.
Studies on groundwater quality index around industrial areas of low hills in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Lalrinzuali R.K. , Aggarwal R.K.
Published: August 2024

The present study emphasizes on groundwater quality assessment and working out the interrelationship between various physico-chemical parameters and potentially toxic elements in low-hills of Himachal Pradesh. The study was conducted in industrial areas of two districts and a total of 240 groundwater samples were collected during 2020-2022 from borewells and handpumps and analyzed 21 parameters such as temperature, turbidity, TDS, EC, pH, DO, BOD, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, sodium, calcium, total hardness, chloride, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, and lead. The study area was divided into five locations in both the districts and samples were taken during pre-monsoon and postmonsoon to check the seasonal variation. The estimated values were then compared with drinking water quality standards prescribed by BIS and location-wise WQI value was calculated. The results showed that in both the districts, the physico-chemical parameters under study were within the permissible limits. The WQI values range from 43.85 to 25.85 in district Sirmaur and 39.18 to 25.60 in district Una. In both the districts, the WQI lies under the good to excellent category and were suitable for human consumption. Location-wise, the highest WQI value was highest around the industries followed by samples within the industry > along the main highway > residential areas, and the lowest value was in the control which was the samples taken from the Department of Irrigation and Public Health supply. Seasonal-wise, the concentration of the physico-chemical parameters as well as the WQI was higher during post-monsoon than pre-monsoon.
First record of Marecastrepera (Linnaeus, 1758) from an abandoned coal mined lake of Eastern Coal Fields, India
Authors: Gupta Santanu , Mukherjee Aparajita
Published: August 2024

Here we report occurrence of the migratory species Marecastrepera (Linnaeus, 1758) commonly known as Gadwall from a freshwater pitlake of Eastern Coal Fields, India. The very first pictures (in recent times) are presented with a note on potential threatto its new habitat and possibilities of future research on this speciesin abandoned coal mined lakes.
Rainfall Variability Estimation for South-East Rajasthan in India
Authors: Yadav Sunil Kumar , Dahiya Pankaj , Kamboj Mohit , Galav Atul
Published: August 2024

The present research investigation was undertaken to work out the rainfall variability analysis of southeast districts of Rajasthan. The coefficient of variation and standard deviation for weekly, monthly and annual rainfall were also computed for all the districts. The normal onset of monsoon over different southeast districts of Rajasthan is between June to October. It was found that the annual rainfall is higher at Banswara district followed by Pratapgarh and Jhalawar. The mean annual rainfall is lowest at Bundi. When the variance for the annual rainfall was examined, it was found be the least at Kota followed by Bundi, Pratapgarh and Dungarpur it was the highest.
Assessing the Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties of the Lesser Himalayas in India
Authors: Javed Ayman , Hakeem Shahid Ahmad , Hassan Mir Aamir , Baba Zahoor Ahmad , Jeelani Fehim , Sheikh Farooq Ahmad , Bhat Javid Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Understanding the spatial variability of soil properties is crucial for assessing the impact of measures taken to address land surface processes such as soil erosion and water pollution. It is also vital for recommending effective land management strategies. The present study was conducted to assess the spatial variations in soil textural fractions (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density and porosity. Soil samples were collected from 115 randomly selected locations using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The samples were taken at an average depth of 0-20 cm. A thorough examination was carried out in the laboratory to assess the physical properties of the soil. Afterwards, there was an analysis conducted to characterise the physical properties of soil and understand how they vary across different locations. The measured soil properties showed low to very high variability (6.26- 37.2%) for the Coefficient of variation (CV). The spatial dependence of soil properties was observed through the weak to strong nugget-to-sill ratios. Mapping the spatial variability of soil parameters involved using the Ordinary Kriging (OK) approach of Geostatistical analysis. This method helped identify the best-fit models for different soil parameters, such as Spherical for Silt, bulk density and porosity. Exponential for clay; and Gaussian for sand these spatial interpolation maps can be a valuable tool for pinpointing areas of land degradation in the study region and recommending specific land management strategies.
Finger millet; its processing, value added products and marketing strategies: A review
Authors: John Gloriya Mariya , Kaur Amandeep , Gorige Sravya , Guleria Muskan
Published: August 2024

Finger millet is rich in nutrients and minerals. It is an annual herbaceous plant widely grown in arid and semi-arid areas in Africa and Asia. It is well adapted to grow under low soil fertility, low moisture and hot environmental conditions. Finger millet has nearly 7 %protein. The ash content has been found nearly 1.7 to 4.13 %. Finger millet is the richest source of calcium and iron. Due to anti-nutrients present in finger millet, it has restrictions in food preparation and to remove these, it undergoes different processing treatments after that it can be used for food preparation. Large number of foods is prepared from processed finger millet and they are supplied. These all include large number of procedures. Therefore, this review focuses on processing, value addition and different marketing strategies for its promotion.
Analysing the long run relationship between CO2 emissions and Energy use of United Kingdom
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Kumar Nand
Published: August 2024

In this study, the time series data of the United Kingdom from 1965 to 2021 for energy usage, total reserves, manufacturing, GDP and total carbon emission have been examined using autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model. The results revealed that energy usage, manufacturing and GDP have a positive relation with CO2 emission both in the short run and long run raising environmental concerns on the contrary only total reserves have a negative relation in the short and long run. United Kingdom increasing energy efficiency have been a top priority in the recent era, in order to achieve the target of net zero carbon emission by 2050, government need to promote policies for energy mix which would increase the usage of other renewable energy as the challenges remain for manufacturing and transportation industry because the overall emission from these sector remains largely unchanged despite advancements in fuel efficiency because the results indicates that a percentage increase in energy usage increase the CO2 emission by 0.23% whereas 1% increase in manufacturing leads to 0.25% increase in the CO2 emission.
Bank Erosion and Bankline Shifting of Dhansiri River In Golaghat District, Assam (1999-2019)
Authors: Baishya S.J. , Borah K. , Sultana S.
Published: August 2024

The Dhansiri River is the main river of the Golaghat District of Assam. However, unpredictable shifts of the river, serve erosion and frequent flooding have major adverse effect on the economy and ecology, affecting and threatening key villages, agricultural lands, school, and natural heritage sites. Erosion displaces a large number of the population often rendering them poor and landless. This study is aimed to investigate the flood erosion and bed aggradations scenarios of the Dhansiri River in the Golaghat district, Assam. Most of the villages in Golaghat district have been submerged by flood water and people and animal are taking shelter on the roadside and on the highlands. Golaghat in upper Assam has been most flood affected, where over 1, 19,179 people of 109 villages under Khumtai, Dergaon, Golaghat and Bokakhat revenue circle in Golaghat district have been affected by floods due to rise water of Brahmaputra and Dhansiri rivers. There are many problems being faced by this flood affected are due to river bank erosion: social, economic, health, education and political. The major impact of erosion is social, i.e., homelessness due to land erosion which compels people to migrate. After forced migration they suffer economic crisis, namely loss of occupation and loss of property.
Furrow Application of Lime on Growth and Yield of Potato in Acid Soils of North Bank Plain Zone of Assam, India
Authors: Kashyap Namrata , Pathak Prasanta Kumar , Nath Lakshi Kanta , Neog Manoranjan , Saud Ranjit , Singh Budhesh Pratap , Tiwari Devidarshan
Published: August 2024

A research experiment was successfully conducted at farmers’ field in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during the year 2022 - 23 by application of lime to ameliorate the soil acidity for better production of potato in three villages of Lakhimpur District of Assam. There were 3 Technologies i.e. (TO-1: Lime @ 2 – 4 q/ha + 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) that is NPK @ 60:50:50 kg/ha, TO-2: RDF (NPK@ 60:50:50 kg/ ha)and TO-3: Farmers Practice). The experiment was conducted in total area of 0.3 ha following randomized block design. The outcomes revealed that application of lime @ 2 – 4 q/ha in furrows + 50% RDF (NPK@ 60:50:50 kg/ha) gave higher yield of 93.7 q/ha and in farmers practice it gave 74.2 q/ha having B:C ratio of 2.33 and 2.10, respectively. With the integration of lime and chemical fertilizers the soil nutrient status improved as compared to the plot receiving only chemical fertilizers and to the Farmers practice. So, application of lime in furrows @ 2 – 4 q/ha and 50% RDF (NPK@ 60:50:50 kg/ha) is economical and profit oriented for small land holding farmers of that region and maintaining the soil acidity in Lakhimpur district of Assam.
Assessment of diclofenac in three selected rivers of Western Himalayan Region
Authors: Sharma Dheeraj , Choudhary Poonam , Gandotra Roopma , Ahmad Suhail
Published: August 2024

The present study reports the concentration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Diclofenac in three main rivers of the Western Himalayan region. Diclofenac was analyzed from water samples using the UPLC-S/MS system. The concentration ranged between 0- 2.05 ng/l, the maximum concentration was observed in Badhi (S1) due to the presence of a large number of pharmaceutical industries. The concentrations of diclofenac reported in the current study were comparatively very low as observed in other studies worldwide. This is the first report on the occurrence of diclofenac in the rivers of the Western Himalayan region.
Enhancing Cotton Fabric Softness and Wrinkle Resistance through Optimized Formulation of Nano ZnO and Benzalkonium Chloride-Enriched RinseCycle Softener
Authors: Soni Shalini , Babel Rupal , Saxena Sujata , Arputharaj A. , Raja ASM , Srivastava Meenu
Published: August 2024

This work attempts optimization of a multifunctional single rinse softener formulation for cotton fabric for domestic usage, catering to the growing customer demand for softeners with enhanced performance. Present section is part-I of the entire study. The primary objective is to determine the effects of optimized and developed formulation on softness and wrinkle resistance properties. We synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized nano-ZnO particles using the sol-gel method and characterized them using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, particle size analyser and X-ray diffraction. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were utilized for fabric sample analysis. Objective measurements using the Kawabata evaluation system, subjective softness assessments and crease recovery angle were recorded. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in fabric softness, crease recovery and low stress mechanical properties through the application of this single rinse softener formulation. Any improving or diminishing effects on softness and crease recovery angle due to the presence of nano-ZnO (nano zinc oxide) and BAC (Bezalkonium chloride) were insightful.
Abundance of Tylenchid Nematodes in Banana (Musa sp.) fields with soil abiotic factors in Vasai, Palghar (M.S), India
Authors: Balu Avhad Sunil , N.S. Zambare , Anil E. Avhad
Published: August 2024

Bananas are a major commercial crop that the Vasai region majority of farmers cultivate. One of the biggest challenges to the cultivation of bananas is nematodes. Tylenchids have long been recognized as a major challenge to banana production, leading to significant yield losses. As a result, this study aims to examine how the abundance of tylenchid nematodes changes in response to various abiotic soil factors. According to the results of the current study, the tylenchid nematodes population were high throughout the rainy, winter and remained comparatively lower in the summer season.
Synergistic Effect of Trichoderma reesei and Fusarium solani on growth and yield of Barley plant
Authors: Ahad Munazah , Sharma Sakshi , Gulfishan Md. , Pandey Ram Prakash
Published: August 2024

Chemical fertilizers are known to improve plant yield but on the cost of environment, soil health as well as human health. Thus, alternatives of chemical fertilizers are the demand of time. Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) are using nowadays as an alternative of chemical fertilizers to improve the growth, yield, and plant nutrient uptake. They are also involved in the improvement of rhizosphere fertility, without compromising environment and human health. A total of seven fungal isolates were obtained from rhizospheric soil of two crop plants viz., turnip and wheat. Fungal strains were examined for their In vitro plant growth promotional traits. A total of two strains found positive for 4 or more plant growth promoting traits. These potential fungal strains were characterized by amplification and sequencing of ITS region and were identified as Trichoderma reesei, and another was identified as Fusarium solani. Our current study is aimed to screen the effect of single inoculation as well as paired fungal inoculations and to provide evidence for the synergistic effects of paired isolates having high impact on growth and development of barley plant.
Effect of Cartap hydrochloride (50% SP) insecticide on Liver and Kidney histology of the fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)
Authors: Vani G. , Veeraiah K. , Parveen S.K. , Kumar M. Vijaya , Krishna Ch.
Published: August 2024

Effect of Cartap hydrochloride on the liver and kidney of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala was studied. Fingerlings were exposed to sub-lethal (0.0376 mg-1) and lethal (0.376 mg-1 ) concentrations of Cartap hydrochloride for 24 and 96 hours. The histological changes in the liver of fish Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to sublethal and lethal concentrations of cartap hydrochloride were characterized by the formation of the prominent yellowish-brown pigment cytoplasmic vacuoles, pycnotic nuclei, degeneration of hepatopancreatic tissue, eosinophilic granules, Melano macrophages aggregate, appearance of blood streaks, degeneration of hepatopancreatic tissue, hypertrophic nuclei, cytoplasmic degeneration change in the shape of the hepatocytes, disappearance of hepatic cells, hyperplasia of cells, hypertrophic nuclei and degeneration of cell membrane. The kidney of the treated fish showed the appearance of prominent tubular yellowish brown pigment, formation of vacuoles, swelling of glomerulus, separation of the tubular epithelium, tubular architectural loss, damage of bowmans capsule, tubular cytoplasmic degeneration, cloudy swelling degeneration, damage to renal tubules, damaged haemopoitic tissue, necrosis of cell and renal tubules, disorganization of connective tissue, degeneration of cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, hypertrophy of nuclei, disintegration of cell membrane were also seen. The results obtained were discussed at length with the available literature. By studying these histological deformities, it was concluded that the pesticide caused enough damage to the liver and kidney of the fish and can influence on the survival of the fish.
Screening the diversity of cellulolytic bacteria inhabiting the gut of subterranean termite Coptotermes sp. and their control using Azadirachta indica leaf extract
Authors: Annis Christy J. Jenifer , Begum S. Benazir , Harisma B.R. , Murugappan R.M.
Published: August 2024

Termite control is essential to mitigate the damage they cause worldwide. It can be achieved by targeting the celluloytic bacteria that thrive within the termite gut. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize the cellulose-degrading bacteria from the gut of the wood termite, Coptotermes sp. The cellulose degrading bacteria was isolated from the gut of the termite using the medium containing cellulose as the only carbon source. Three different bacteria were isolated and their cellulolytic activity on CMC-containing media was confirmed by the congo red clearing zone assay. Based on the morphological and physiological characteristics the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Micrococcus sp. Of the three isolates Bacillus sp. exhibit maximum cellulolytic activity. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract against the cellulolytic bacteria was analysed. All the three isolates were found to be susceptible to the neem leaf extract. In addition to bactericidal activity termicidal potential of the leaf extract was determined by no-choice bioassay method.