bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new Roman bronzes with Suebian nodus from Brigetio
Authors: Juhász Lajos
Published: May 2021

The depiction of foreign men with their hair tied in a knot is a well known subject in Roman art. This was the distinctive hairstyle of some Germanic tribes. According to Tacitus this nodus was typically worn by free Suebian men by combing their long hair to the front and tying it together.1 These representations are most usually found in the provinces along the border of the Germanic tribes, but some are also known from Rome itself and even from barbarian territories. Two bronze pieces depicting a male head and a bust with the Suebian nodus were recently uncovered during the summer excavations of the Department of Classical and Roman Archaeology of the Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest) in the ancient Roman town of Brigetio (Komárom/Szőny-Vásártér).
Geophysical prospection on the Pâture du Couvent (Bibracte, France). The campaign of 2014
Authors: Timár Lőrinc , Czajlik Zoltán , Bödőcs András , Puszta Sándor
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the usability of ground-penetrating radar and provides a report on the geophysical survey in the zone of the Pature du Couvent on the Mont Beuvray. In 2014 a large area was explored and this paper presents how the results could be related to the excavated archaeological structures.
Contextualizing the comparative perceptions of Rome and China through written sources and archaeological data
Authors: Hoppál Krisztina
Published: May 2021

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2015 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of László Borhy.
Constitution for the auxiliary units of an uncertain province issued 2 July (?) 133 on a new military diploma
Authors: Mráv Zsolt , Vida István A , Kiss József Géza
Published: May 2021

The constitution on an unpublished fragmentary military diploma was issued by Hadrian during the consular period of Q. Flavius Tertullus és Q. Iulius Rusticus in May/August 133. It is presumably another copy of the 2 July 133 constitution relating to the auxiliary units of an uncertain province. The recepient was likely to serve in one of the cohortes Raetorum or in the ala I praetoria singularium c. R.
Индикаторы науки: 2019
Authors: Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Дьяченко Екатерина , Лукинова Евгения , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Мартынова Светлана , Нефедова Алёна , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Сагиева Галина , Стрельцова Екатерина , Суслов Антон , Тарасенко Ирина , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Варзановцева Ирина , Пахомов Сергей
Published: May 2021

Предлагаемый статистический сборник продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных различным аспектам развития науки в Российской Федерации. Открывают сборник таблицы, в которых наряду с основными показателями науки и технологий представлены сведения об основных показателях инновационной деятельности. Приводятся статистические данные о составе организаций, выполняющих исследования и разработки, кадрах и финансировании науки, ее материально-технической базе. В отдельных разделах содержатся сведения об интеллектуальной собственности, коммерциализации и использовании технологий, данные международных сопоставлений. В сборнике использованы сведения Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, Федеральной службы по интеллектуальной собственности, Межгосударственного статистического комитета СНГ, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, Европейской комиссии, Евростата, ЮНЕСКО, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности, а также методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.
The anatomy of a student uprisal: The case of the Bursa Sultani (1914) from the perspective of political considerations in the Ottoman educational system
Authors: CÜCÜK Eyüp , IŞIKTAŞ Erkan
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to examine the formation, development, and results of a student uprisal that took place in the Bursa Sultani (Royal High School) in 1914 from the perspective of political considerations in the Ottoman educational system. The Bursa Sultani was located in the city of Bursa in Hüdavendigâr province center, which was known to be among the leading places where modern educational policies were implemented quickly and effectively due to its proximity to the capital city of Istanbul. Therefore, it is important to reveal how the student uprisal in the aforementioned school was addressed by the Turkish bureaucracy, how the necessary research and investigation was carried out, and how certain measures were taken based on the correspondence between the institutions. This study, aiming to examine the student uprisal specifically and systematically, was designed as a history of education research based on original and primary sources in line with qualitative research methods. In this regard, a historical review was conducted in light of the obtained documents from the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives. The documents written in Ottoman Turkish were scrutinized within the framework of the methods and procedures required by the discipline of history to reconstructing the historical plot of the uprisal. According to the research findings, a group of students in the Bursa Sultani left the school by causing a uprisal for various reasons on March 28, 1914. The activists also encouraged the students of the Darülmuallimin (Teacher Training High School for Boys) and the Agricultural School in Bursa to revolt and propagated by wandering in the streets and bazaar of the city. It became increasingly heated and threatened schools and students in many cities around Bursa, especially in Istanbul. Thereupon, a comprehensive investigation was initiated by assigning an inspector from the central office to the region. Although the incidence was suppressed by taking the necessary precautions by the state, it took place in history as a prominent student movement kept the authorities busy for a while.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO-DAY TRAINING PEDESTRIAN ROUTE BY THE SVIDOVITSKY MASSIVE
Authors: Shinkarenko Ulyana , Rashevska Daria , Grinyuk Oleg
Published: May 2021

Goal. Development of a two-day educational hike with student youth along one of the most visited ranges of the Carpathians - the Svidovets massif. Training in a competent approach to the organization and conduct of mountain hiking, trouble-free passage of routes. Advanced training in the field of travel, students who master the curriculum within the Faculty of Geography. Where training is provided for tourist sections, clubs, tour operators and other tourist organizations.

The research methodology is based on the application of the methodology for the development of hiking tourist routes. Methods of description, comparison, analysis and generalization were also used. In determining the specific sub-area within which the route was laid, cartographic materials were used: tourist map «Svydivets» (2018) scale 1:50000 and mobile application Mapy.cz. Accordingly, with their help, the relief of the territory was assessed and the need to use certain technical means to pass the track was determined.

The scientific novelty lies in the development of a two-day educational walking route as an element of the educational process. This training route is a logical continuation of the disciplines «School Tourism» and «Geography of Outdoor and Indoor Correction» in the formation of relevant practical skills. The formation of skills is a logical final element of the formation of the relevant competencies of the modern student: knowledge (obtaining in lectures) - skills (performing tasks in seminars) - skills (application of acquired knowledge and skills in practice).

Results. A two-day walking tourist route has been developed in the Svidovets massif with the «conquest» of the very top of Mount Bolshaya Bliznitsa. This route was completed on July 15-16, 2019 by 2nd year students of the Faculty of Geography of KNUTSh specialties «geography of recreation and tourism», «secondary education» and «regional development management». Accordingly, the planned hike for students allowed to gain some knowledge in the field of behavior in the mountain environment, learn certain rules, regulations in the organization of sports tourism, which in the future will increase the safety of hiking and active tours in the mountains.

The practical value lies in the formation of skills for organizing and conducting hiking tours, movement in mountainous areas, organizing a camp, cooking food in the field. This route is included in the professionally oriented practice for 2nd year students of the Faculty of Geography of the specialties «recreational geography and tourism» and «secondary education».
On a Method for Constructing a Linear Nonstationary Discrete System with Full-Dimensional Controlby Changing the Quantization Step
Authors: Ibragimov D.N. , Novozhilkin N.M.
Published: May 2021

The method that allows one to reduce a stationary system with control of incomplete dimension to a non-stationary periodic system with control of full dimension is considered in this article. The paper proves the equivalence of these systems, and also that the optimal in terms of speed for a non-stationary system is also optimal for the original stationary system. A satellite attitude control system is considered as an example.
Students Educational Results in Blended and Online E-Courses
Authors: Sorokova M.G. , Odintsova M. , Radchikova N.P.
Published: May 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the academic achievements of students who completed e-courses on mathematical methods in psychology by means of blended learning (N = 404) and online learning (N = 405). The research was carried out at the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education. Students in online learning achieved, on average, higher results compared with the blended learning group in the pre-test, post-test, and final course grades, however, the difference in the means for all 3 indicators is minimal, and the significance of the differences is provided by the large sample size. In a smaller sample, no significant differences in post-test and final course grades were found between the two groups. The academic achievements of graduate and undergraduate students are also practically equal: the differences in the post-test and final grade are on the verge of statistical significance, and the difference in the means is minimal and is only about 1 percentage point, which is consistent with our previous study. The dynamics of changes in the average values for academic achievement indicators in the groups of blended and online learning showed a very pronounced – about 50 percentage points – growth in the posttest indicators compared to the pretest, and then a less pronounced decline in results after1–1.5 months, measured according to the external test, which remain significantly higher than the pre-test. The decline in the online learning group is very minor, i.e., the dynamics is better. The latter result requires further verification under more equalized external testing conditions. The effect of learning in e-courses in both blended and online formats has been statistically proven. The “e-course plus” formula is proposed as a formula for a modern approach in higher education.
Behavioral Aspects: Search Engine optimization Strategy focusing for new entrants
Authors: Et. al. S. Namdhini,
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this research is to identify the problems faced in marketing and sales of industrial flooring products in speciality flooring chemicals industries. The major problems that was noticed here was that industries that use flooring stick to existing supplier or purchasing from supplier who are already in market. Understanding this problem for new entrants, a strategy was developed for marketing to overcome the obstacle faced by new industrial flooring companies. To indentify further details on this, a survey was conducted mostly among industries and few restaurants to come to a conclusion on the decision factor for strategy and analysed responses highlighted the reason for not using and also why do they stick to existing supplier if they are using industrial flooring. The suggestion that has been made in this report is use of an effective search engine optimization strategy (SEO) will increase the web traffic to 50% of those who use the internet these days for such purpose. Once this done next is to implement social sales that is educate, social network and engage which can be used to make them aware about the necessity of industrial flooring which increases sales by almost 40%. All these plans may be different in names by they come under the concept of Account Based Marketing (ABMs) which is developing and effective marketing strategy that has constructive impact on company’s revenue.
Philippine earthquakes and structure*
Authors: Willis Bailey
Published: May 2021

abstract

The accompanying two maps (in pocket) show the distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Philippine Archipelago as plotted by the Rev. William C. Repetti, S.J., Chief of the Section of Seismology and Terrestrial Magnetism of the Manila Observatory, for the years 1920 to 1936, inclusive. The text presents their relations to active structures of several types observed by the writer in a geological reconnaissance in the spring of 1937. The dynamics of the Archipelago and the mechanisms of the stresses are sketched in accordance with the hypothesis that the Philippine block is an erupted mass rising along the contact between the crustal elements that respectively underlie the China Sea and the adjacent Pacific Basin.
On the origin and energy of oscillatory earthquake waves*
Authors: Fu C. Y.
Published: May 2021

abstract

A critical survey of the different modes of generation of oscillatory earthquake waves is given. The consequences of the failure of Hooke's law on the dispersion of waves is indicated. The energy of an earthquake is considered from the theory of elasticity with a discussion of Sezawa's result.
Characteristics of Alaskan earthquake records at distances of 40° to 70°*
Authors: Lynch William A. , Dillon Vincent
Published: May 2021

abstract

One hundred and twenty-four Alaskan and Aleutian earthquakes have been recorded at Fordham in the years 1928-1944. The Galitzin-Wilip three-component seismograph recorded 84 of these well enough to supply a basis for the present study. All epicenters lie at about the same azimuth with respect to Fordham, between 311° and 325°, and at distances of from 40° to 70°; the waves reaching Fordham therefore traveled over much the same continental paths. P was often late in terms of Macelwane's tables; emergences and impulses were almost equal in number, the former predominating slightly; often, an emergence was soon followed by a sharp impulse. S was usually sharp on both horizontals. No evidence of False S was found. Reflected phases were not prominent in the records, PR1 being recorded on only about 20 per cent of them, SR1 on about 30 per cent. The surface waves were confused and difficult to identify; only very general conclusions can be drawn about them, the most significant being a dominant period of 13.5 seconds in the coda.
Microseisms and Pacific typhoons*
Authors: Gilmore Marion H. , Hubert William E.
Published: May 2021

The Naval Aerological Service initiated a project in 1944 under the technical supervision of Father James B. Macelwane, S.J., to investigate microseisms as a possible tool in detecting and tracking severe storms at sea. The first year's work in the Caribbean demonstrated, without a doubt, that microseismic data would be of great value in the forecasting of severe hurricanes and typhoons. Additional work in the Pacific and Caribbean has proved that tropical disturbances actually cause large “microseismic storms.” This paper describes the development of the Pacific Microseismic Project into a new and valuable aerological tool which will greatly aid in the saving of life and property. It is now possible to locate accurately the position of a typhoon by the Seismo method when it is more than 1,000 miles from the Tripartite Microseismic Station.
The Walker Pass earthquakes and structure of the Southern Sierra Nevada*
Authors: Chakrabarty S. K. , Richter C. F.
Published: May 2021

The principal earthquake in the Walker Pass region on March 15, 1946, is located at 35°43'.5N,118°03'.3W, at a depth of 22 km., with origin time at 05:49:35.9 P.S.T. Epicenters of aftershocks scatter about this, with some indication of a NNE-SSW trend. The observed times fit a structure with layers 21.7 km., 9.7 km., and 10.7 km. thick. Velocities of the longitudinal and transverse waves agree with those previously determined by Gutenberg for southern California. The effect of the “root” of the Sierra Nevada is seen in the failure of Pn to record at Tinemaha, although it appears there on the seismograms of shocks east and west of the principal group.
Discussion of tripartite microseismic measurements*
Authors: Leet L. Don
Published: May 2021

There has been a tendency to overemphasize the accuracy of a tripartite station's determination of the bearing of a microseismic wave. Such a determination is based on the assumption that the time of passage of the crest of a specific advancing wave is uniquely observed at each instrument of the network. This is not the case, in general, where waves are approaching from more than one direction. There is compelling evidence that they are doing this in many, if not all, storms.

Specific cases are discussed of waves of the same period and waves of different periods crossing a tripartite network. It is concluded that routine averaging of intervals from time marks to the nearest crest or trough can lead to serious errors if the pattern and character of groups at the three stations are not taken into account.

Velocity determinations for microseisms are open to question when they are based on records from horizontal components only, which do not permit distinguishing between Rayleigh and Q waves.
The Impact of Liquidity Decision on Managerial Performance: Evidence from Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Sumi
Published: May 2021

This study has examined the impact of liquidity decisions on the managerial performance of ten listed conventional private commercial banks. The required data have been collected from the five years' annual reports of the sample banks and analyzed through formulating different null hypotheses. Findings from the testing of null hypotheses with the use of the ANOVA technique reveal that there is no significant variation of different indicators of liquidity decision as well as the managerial performance of the sample banks. Findings are taken from conducting the multiple regression analysis with ordinary least square (OLS) model also indicate that the indicators of liquidity decision namely current ratio is positively and insignificantly associated with net profit ratio as well as return on equity but negatively and insignificantly associated with return on assets as well as return on investment. Moreover, the networking capital ratio as another indicator of liquidity decision is negatively and insignificantly associated with net profit ratio, return on assets as well as return on equity but positively and insignificantly associated with return on investment of the sample banks over the study period.
America’s Failing Trade War With China: A Focus on Fentanyl
Authors: Hamilton Corinna K.
Published: May 2021

As this article will explain in detail, much of the fentanyl reaching the hands of Americans comes from The People’s Republic of China (“China”). However, as seen by the rise in overdoses, most efforts to control the invasion of fentanyl have been unsuccessful. Although the federal and state governments have attempted to curtail this crisis by imposing sanctions and urging China to regulate the production and shipping of the substance, fentanyl continues to flood the streets of the U.S. Moreover, the economic interdependence between the two nations complicates the matter. Because of this interdependence, the U.S. must take control of the situation. The U.S. fentanyl problem will persist if Americans are not dissuaded from using the drug. We must focus on the demand, rather than the supply. This comment focuses on the rise of opioids and synthetic pain relievers, and the variety of attempts at decreasing the number of addicts and overdoses. Initially, the comment will discuss the history of the popular drug opium, opiates, and prescription opioids, discussing state and federal attempts at curbing the crisis that the U.S. faces. It will address the rise of synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, and how and why it was created. Section two will discuss how fentanyl and its precursors are imported into the U.S. from China. Section three will discuss U.S. federal and state attempts at legislation to control the flow of fentanyl into the U.S. Section four will address the implications, or perhaps fuel to the fire, that the influx in the supply of fentanyl from China has had on trade relations, and how the trade linkage between the two nations obfuscates the situation. The comment will conclude by hypothesizing how the U.S. and China will recalibrate their relationship and recommend that to combat the fentanyl emergency, the U.S. needs to take steps to offer Americans with drug addictions the assistance they need.
Trade-restrictive Measures under the WTO Framework in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Example of China
Authors: Zhao Yun , Lin Lifei
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has led to shortages of critical medical equipment and supplies, exposing significant flaws in the global supply chain. A number of countries have adopted trade-restrictive measures in response to the domestic challenges posed by COVID-19. This paper analyzes whether the trade-restrictive measures adopted by various countries in response to COVID-19 are legitimate under the current WTO framework and how to reform multilateral rules on such measures to promote global equality in accessing essential supplies and coping with the de-globalization wave.

With reference to China’s practice, the paper first examines the compatibility of the trade-restrictive measures induced by COVID-19 with the WTO framework, arguing that export restrictions are likely permissible under WTO rules as long as they are non-discriminatory, temporary, and necessary to achieve a certain degree of domestic protection. However, such measures may ultimately disrupt global supply chains and cause more harm, especially to vulnerable countries. The COVID-19 crisis may even lead to a post-pandemic wave of economic de-Sinicization and de-globalization. The paper further argues that it will be contrary to the globalization trend for countries to implement a policy of supply chain localization in the post-pandemic era. The paper concludes that the best solution for minimizing the losses induced by similar crises in the future is to refer back to the WTO framework and reform the rules pertaining to trade-restrictive measures to promote equitable access to key global supplies.
Effect of omeprazole on patient-reported outcome measures in uninvestigated heartburn: a multi-country, multi-center observational study
Authors: Lazebnik Leonid B. , Alekseenko Sergey A. , Tkach Sergii M. , Stepanov Yuriy M. , Marakhouski Yury , Zharskaya Olga , Samikovich Baurzhan I. , Lucian Negreanu , Myint Thein , Garg Amit , Pathak Hardik , Pavlova Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

Background: Heartburn occurs predominantly in the upper gastrointestinal tract and is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastritis. Omeprazole is the most prescribed proton pump inhibitor class of medication to treat heartburn related clinical conditions. To compare the efficacy of omeprazole 40 mg (as a total daily dose) and 20 mg using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with heartburn due to various aetiologies like non-erosive reflux disease, GERD, gastritis, dyspepsia, functional heartburn, gastro-duodenal ulcer.Methods: Naïve patients presenting heartburn symptoms were treated with omeprazole. PROMs were assessed based on short-form-leeds dyspepsia questionnaires (SF-LDQ), work productivity activity impairment (WPAI), relief obtained using medication and, treatment satisfactory questionnaires (TSQ).Results: A total of 18,724 patients with heartburn (GERD and gastritis; n=10,509) were treated with omeprazole (Dr. Reddy’s omeprazole [DO]/generic omeprazole [GO]/branded omeprazole [BO]) 40 mg (as a total daily dose) and 20 mg. Statistical comparative analysis showed significant improvement with omeprazole 40 mg (as a total daily dose) compared to omeprazole 20 mg in SF-LDQ, relief obtained using medication among patients with heartburn. DO 20 mg showed a greater improvement under the ‘a lot’ and ‘complete’ relief category.Conclusions: Omeprazole 40 mg (as a total daily dose) presented better efficacy as compared to omeprazole 20 mg in patient reported outcomes. This study highlights omeprazole 40 mg as the preferred intervention for improving PROMs and quality of life in the treatment of heartburn related clinical conditions.
Psychometric properties of the Indonesian online version of fertility quality of life tool: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Damayanti Fitri , Hakimi Mohammad , Anwar Mochamad , Puspandari Diah Ayu
Published: May 2021

Background: The clinical measurement of an infertile couple’s quality of life (QoL) should be considered as a standard assessment of their pretreatment condition to aid in medical and psychological consultation. The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Indonesian online version of the fertility quality-of-life (FertiQoL) questionnaire.Methods: This study applied cross-sectional methods among women/men over 18 years who have problems with infertility and have or have not undergone any medical treatment. PT. Integra Inovasi Indonesia helped develop the online FertiQoL questionnaire. This research applied R project version 3.6.3 to merge the data and conduct statistical analyses. Pearson correlation tests were used to ensure the validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test was also used to measure the instrument’s quality and reliability.Results: There were 214 participants enrolled from all over Indonesia. The total scores for core FertiQoL and treatment FertiQoL were 64.72±13.87 and 62.93±12.50, respectively. The total FertiQoL mean was 64.14±12.33. The reliability of the FertiQoL version of the Indonesian language was relatively high (Cronbach α was 0.92, and the value for each domain was >0.70 (0.76-0.94). The validity results of the FertiQoL questionnaire also showed that all question items were considered valid (r>0.1341).Conclusions: The Indonesian version of FertiQoL is valid and reliable for assessment of the pre-treatment condition of infertile couples and the effects of treatment on QoL in infertile patients which can help in making more accurate diagnosis and providing diagnosis and treatment in infertility clinics.
La responsabilidad cuasicontractual en Ecuador: ¿una determinación contractual o extracontractual?
Authors: Cervantes Armijos Marcela
Published: May 2021

La normativa ecuatoriana ha obedecido a la clasificación binaria tradicional de la responsabilidad civil, regulando la contractual y extracontractual. Ante esto, ha prevalecido un incansable debate respecto del ámbito de aplicación de cada una. Esta discusión, tanto doctrinal como jurisprudencial, deja un vacío legal en cuanto al régimen aplicable a la hipótesis de daños derivados del incumplimiento de obligaciones cuasicontractuales. El presente artículo tiene como objeto de estudio la delimitación del alcance de la responsabilidad contractual y aquiliana bajo el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, por medio de un análisis sistémico e integral de la norma. Asimismo, analiza la aplicación de la doctrina mayoritaria y predominante sobre la responsabilidad cuasicontractual bajo el Código Civil, donde se concluye que la responsabilidad cuasicontractual en Ecuador debe regirse bajo las reglas del régimen contractual.
Alcance de la Corte Constitucional en el sistema de selección y revisión
Authors: Pazmiño Carrera Cristina
Published: May 2021

La Constitución de 2008 convirtió a la Corte Constitucional en un órgano para la creación de precedentes constitucionales. En esa medida, una de sus facultades más importantes es la selección y revisión de sentencias de garantías jurisdiccionales. Sin embargo, la Corte no ha planteado con claridad el alcance de esta facultad. Ha tenido pronunciamientos contradictorios y, en ocasiones, parecería que invade otras competencias. En este trabajo se realizó un análisis comparativo respecto del trámite de revisión colombiano para conocer cómo el tema ha sido abordado en el derecho comparado. A través del método inductivo y del estudio de varias sentencias revisadas en el Ecuador hasta la fecha, se estableció cómo la Corte ha entendido esta facultad, específicamente, a la luz del derecho constitucional a la seguridad jurídica. Se concluyó que la Corte ha excedido su competencia y que es necesaria su autolimitación.
Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology - A Two Years’ Experience in a Referral Centre of Western Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Bijayalaxmi , Nayak Sunanda , Dutta Gitimadhuri , Prabhala Shailaja , Lakra Kulwant
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Neoplasms of salivary gland account for 2 - 6.5 % of all head and neck neoplasms. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is sufficiently sensitive and relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland pathologies for salivary gland lesions. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) represents a stage for a structured, evidence-based international reporting system for salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This system provides a guidance for diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. We wanted to study the various cytomorphological lesions of salivary gland and their cytological categorisation based on the MILAN system of reporting. METHODS A 2-year record-based study (January 2018 to December 2019) was conducted on FNAC of salivary gland lesions in the Department of Pathology, VSSIMSAR (Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research), Burla, Odisha. Based on the classical system, all smears were studied and re-categorized into six groups according to the MILAN classification. Histological correlation was carried out in the available cases. RESULTS A total of 103 FNA cases were examined and 20 different categories were there in the original diagnosis. As per the categorisation based on MILAN System there were six categories, maximum cases were non-neoplastic 34 (33.0 %) followed by benign neoplasms 22 (21.35 %), malignant 14 (13.5 %), non-diagnostic 10 (9.7 %), atypia of undetermined significance 9 (8.7 %), suspicious for malignancy 8 (7.7 %) and neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential 6 (5.8 %). 43 cases (80.4 %) were found to be concordant out of 54 histopathology correlated cases. CONCLUSIONS The Milan system of reporting salivary gland cytopathology provided a uniform system of reporting salivary gland cytomorphology that may increase the effectiveness. KEYWORDS Milan System, Salivary Gland Lesions, FNAC, Risk of Malignancy (ROM)
A Comparative Study of Perceived Stress and Anxiety, among Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, and the General Population, during COVID-19 Pandemic, Conducted in Government Hospital for Mental Care, Visakhapatnam
Authors: Rao Evani Ramachandra , Satish Seelam
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Generally during pandemic, mental health needs are largely neglected and patients with psychiatric illness are given less medical care as majority of the health professionals are involved in acute management of the pandemic. In this study we wanted to determine the difference between stress and anxiety in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and the general population. METHODS It was a cross sectional study and convenient sampling was used. The study was conducted in Government Hospital for Mental Care, Visakhapatnam. The study included 60 participants of whom 30 participants are patients with bipolar affective disorder who were currently in remission and 30 participants were from general population and were evaluated using semi structured proforma for sociodemographic data and perceived stress scale to assess perceived stress, Hamilton anxiety rating scale to assess anxiety. Results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The results showed statistically significant difference in severity of perceived stress and anxiety among patients with bipolar affective disorder and the general population. CONCLUSIONS Our study results re-emphasize the fact that there should be an increased awareness about patients with psychiatric illness like bipolar affective disorder as targets for care with regular psychiatric intervention during Covid-19 pandemic. With our study, we want to re-iterate the fact that patients with psychiatric illness experience exacerbation of symptoms during infectious disease epidemic. Patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder can also have comorbid anxiety disorder, even after treating the mood disorder episode. Residual anxiety may persist and in times of infectious diseases epidemic, these anxiety symptoms will exacerbate leading to poor quality of life and non-compliance to medication. With our study we want to recommend that proper care and regular follow-up schedules have to be formulated by mental health professionals and mental health institutions to reduce and prevent exacerbation of symptoms and improve treatment compliance which in turn helps in preventing relapse of bipolar affective disorder. KEYWORDS Bipolar Affective Disorder, Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Covid-19
Twin Caesarean Delivery “En Caul” – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Pal Abirbhab
Published: May 2021

Intact amniotic fluid membranes may serve to protect the extremely fragile preterm infant from some of the mechanical shearing forces caused by strong uterine contraction. A “caul” delivery occurs when part of the amniotic sac is still stuck to the neonate at the time of delivery, usually attached to the cephalic end or podalic end. An “en caul” delivery is a subtype of caul delivery, which occurs when the entire intact amnion (amniotic fluid sac) is delivered with the neonate inside.1,2 This article introduces the technique of “en caul” Caesarean delivery and reviews our experience. Abdominal (or Caesarean) en caul deliveries can be performed intentionally with surgical technique, on contrary to vaginal en caul deliveries, which occur spontaneously; as a result, vaginal en caul deliveries are considered to be rarer though exact statistics are difficult to determine. According to some estimates, caul deliveries would be 1 - 2 %, or roughly 1 in 80,000, of all vaginal deliveries if no membranes were artificially ruptured (ARM / Amniotomy).2,3 Most en caul births are low gravida, premature and low birth weight (LBW). Prematurity is a significant risk factor for various postpartum complications and is hazards. Previous case reports have poorly described pertinent maternal information beyond gestational age at birth (e.g., past medical history, past surgical history, familial history, and demographic data) which could be used to analyse additional risk factors for en caul birth.
Blood Components Therapy as a Preventive Strategy for Coagulopathy in High-Risk Obstetric Patients in a Tertiary Centre in North India - An Interventional Study
Authors: Khan Lubna , Singh Aparna , Ram Jagjeewan , Nigam Namrata
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Obstetric practitioners routinely deal with antenatal patients who have high risk of developing established coagulopathy, which leads to a very high incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality. We wanted to assess the role of blood components in preventing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in highrisk patients and determine the amount of blood components required along with the rate of improvement in the DIC score, during treatment of high-risk obstetric patients of DIC and in patients with established DIC. METHODS This is an interventional study. 274 obstetric patients who were at high risk for developing DIC and / or with established DIC admitted during the 20 months study duration were included in the study. Patients were categorized in to three groups based on the DIC score according to ISTH scoring system in to non-overt and overt DIC groups. Those with DIC score < 5 were grouped as IA and IB randomly and those with DIC score > / = 5 were grouped as II. Software used was ANOVA using variance ratio F test for testing the significance between groups and chisquare test was used to find out the association between the groups or parameter. RESULTS Prophylactic transfusion of blood components showed faster rate of improvement than control group. Average consumption of blood components was more in patients of established coagulopathy as compared to non-overt group. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of blood components can prevent overt DIC in high-risk patients. KEYWORDS DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, PPH - Post Partum Haemorrhage, Coagulopathy, Component Therapy
Current Trends in the Management of Acute Pancreatitis at MKCG Medical College, Berhampur - A Prospective Study
Authors: Behera Amar Kumar , George Jyothis Joy , Mohanty Sudhansu Sekhar , Sahoo Nirod Kumar , Rath Deba Prasad
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is an emergency condition presenting with abdominal pain and is usually associated with increased pancreatic enzyme levels in blood or urine as an outcome of inflammatory disease of pancreas showing characteristic findings of pancreatic inflammation on contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT). The severity of the disease varies widely from mild disease needing conservative treatment to severe and complicated disease with high morbidity and mortality. We intend to determine the current trends in the diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis in M.K.C.G Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha. METHODS This was a prospective observational study. All the patients of acute pancreatitis of both the sexes and of different ages, who were admitted in the Department of General Surgery of M.K.C.G. Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha from August 2018 to July 2020 (including 6 months of follow up period) were included in this study. RESULTS Out of 80 patients in our study group, 68 patients (85 %) were males with mean age of 39.06 years. Pain was the most common mode of presentation (100 %) followed by nausea and vomiting (92.5 %), abdominal distension (43.8 %), fever (18.8 %) and jaundice (5 %). Lipase supported the diagnosis in 78.8 % cases while amylase in 67.5 % cases. CECT had a sensitivity of 100 %, specificity of 80 % in diagnosing acute pancreatitis while ultrasonography (USG) had a sensitivity of 89.3 %. Majority of the patients were managed conservatively (86.25 %) whereas only 13.75 % patients required surgical management. CONCLUSIONS The most common aetiological factor in acute pancreatitis is alcohol consumption and the most accurate diagnostic investigation is serum lipase and CECT abdomen. Most of the cases were mild to moderate and were managed conservatively. Octreotide has a definite role in medical treatment of acute pancreatitis. KEYWORDS Pancreatitis, Alcohol, Cholecystitis
Prospective Study of Surgical Management of Diaphyseal Fractures of Both Bones Forearm in Older Children Using Titanium Elastic Intramedullary Nailing at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Srikakulam
Authors: Tutika Dinesh Kumar , Kurmana Vamsi Krishna , Chamalla Deepak , Gollapalli Shanmukha Rao , Marthala Ranganath
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm are one of the common fractures in the paediatric population. Closed reduction and cast immobilisation remain the standard treatment for paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures owing to their unique remodelling potential. The main concern of conservative management is re-displacement of fracture in cast resulting in the unacceptable angular deformity in the forearm. Intramedullary fixation with titanium elastic nails for paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures is becoming the trending surgical technique in those cases that warrant surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of the management of fracture of both bones forearm in the older children with titanium elastic nailing system. METHODS This was a prospective study done among thirty patients aged 5 to 16 years admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics at GEMS & Hospital, Ragolu, Srikakulam with diaphyseal fractures of both bones forearm from September 2017 to September 2019. We treated the patients by closed / open reduction and internal fixation with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. The patients were followed-up for six months. RESULTS We evaluated the patients clinically and radiologically after surgery. We assessed the outcome using modified Anderson’s AO criteria for forearm fractures extracted from the international journal of current pharmaceutical and clinical research functions. All fractures united at an average of 9.1 weeks without any delayed or non-union. The results were excellent in 86.6 % of patients and good in 13.3 % of patients without significant complications. There were minor complications in 6 patients (20 %). CONCLUSIONS Titanium elastic intramedullary nailing is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgical method for treatment of displaced both bones forearm diaphyseal fractures in older children. This technique gives relative stability with a three-point fixation principle resulting in secondary bone healing by promoting early callus, ideal for early mobilisation. The technique offers several advantages, including minimal incision, preservation of fracture haematoma, dynamic axial stabilisation, and shorter hospitalisation. KEYWORDS Both Bone Fracture Forearm, Titanium Elastic Nailing System, Early Mobilisation
A Dosimetric Comparison between Conventional and Conformal Technique of Chest Wall Radiation in Breast Cancer Patients - A Single Institute Cross Sectional Study at Basavatarakam IndoAmerican Cancer Hospital and Research Institute
Authors: Suryadevara Aparna , Mohmd Yakub , Prasanthi Akkineni Naga
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Indian women and adjuvant radiation is an integral part of its management. Adjuvant radiation can be planned by 2D conventional or conformal technique. The most common technique has been 2D technique worldwide, especially in high volume, low resource settings. The comparison of 2D and conformal techniques for chest wall and lymph nodal areas among breast cancer patients is sparse in the literature. The purpose of our study was to dosimetrically compare the 2 D conventional and field-in-field intensity modulating radiational therapy (FiF IMRT) technique in adjuvant radiation to chest wall + / - SCF / axilla areas at Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute. METHODS This is a single institute cross sectional study. During immobilisation for planning and CT scan, external radio-opaque markers were placed over chest wall. After contouring and planning by FiF IMRT technique, 2D conventional plan was done by placing MT, LT fields + / - SCF by SSD technique with the guidance of the markers placed and both plans were compared by the dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis. RESULTS The planning target volume (PTV) coverage was lower with the 2D plan but the advantage of the 2D plan was, it showed lower OAR compared to FiF IMRT plan. The studies comparing PTV coverage and OAR doses between 2D and conformal techniques were mostly done in BCS patients and similar studies for chest wall radiation are rare in the literature and with conflicting results and different methods of 2D planning with modification of 2D plans than what is done routinely. Our study used the 2D plan by SSD technique and also manual MU calculation without normalisation of the plan to the contoured PTV, unlike other studies to minimise the deviation in 2D plan and hence, the comparison of the PTV or OAR doses with FiF IMRT plans. CONCLUSIONS The 2D plan for chest wall planned by tangential fields has the disadvantage in being less homogenous and conformal but with much lower OAR doses than FiF IMRT. It is a safe to treat as far as OARs are considered. KEYWORDS Conventional, Conformal, FIF IMRT, Comparison, Chest Wall Radiation, Breast Cancer
A Prospective Comparative Study Correlating the Efficacy of Biodegradable versus Metallic Interference Screw for Tibial Sided Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - A Unicentre Pilot Study in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Vishal , Sharma Alokeshwar , Gundavarapu Avinash , Patel Tejas , M Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Traditionally, metallic interference screws were considered to have increased resistance to load than bio absorbable screws in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We did a comparative evaluation of biodegradable and metallic interference screws for tibial sided ACL reconstruction and also analysed complications, compared clinical outcome, did imaging study of ACL single bundle reconstruction by using titanium & newer poly–L-lactic acid (PLLA) bio absorbable screws to determine as to whether bio absorbable screw which costs double the metallic screw, is functionally better than standard metallic screws. METHODS This is a prospective comparative study conducted among 50 patients aged between 15 and 55 years with clinical and MRI confirmation of complete ACL tear, treated arthroscopically with ACL reconstruction with either bio absorbable (group 1) or metallic (group 2) interference screw and both the groups were compared on follow up for an average duration of 12 months. Lysholm and Gillquist Knee Scoring Scale were used and outcome scores were divided into excellent, good, fair and poor. RESULTS In our study 41 patients were males and 9 were females. Bio screw was used in 24 males and 6 female patients. Metallic screw was used in 17 males and 3 females. Outcome score was excellent in 26 (52 %) cases, good in 18 (36 %) cases, fair in 4 (8 %) cases, poor in 2 (4 %) cases. The mean Lysholm score in bio absorbable group was 93.13 and in metallic group was 89.70. Knee effusion was higher in bio screw group and infection rate was higher in metallic group. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the difference between bio absorbable screw group and metallic screw group was insignificant with regard to final patient outcome. Final osseointegration was better with bio absorbable screw, but increased cost of implant and almost same results compared to metallic screw does not make the bio absorbable screw superior to its counterpart. KEYWORDS ACL, Bio Absorbable Interference Screws, Metallic Interference Screws