bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Physical Treatment and Concentration Of KNO3 Against The Breakdown Of Dormancy and Growth Seeds Of Bile Plants (Caesalpinia Bonduc. L )
Authors: Rosidah Nurul , Podesta Fiana , Fitriani Dwi , Harini Ririn , Suryadi Suryadi
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of physical treatment and concentration of KNO3 on the breakdown of dormancy and seed growth of bile plants (Caesalpinia bonduc L). The design used is RAL Factorial with 2 factors, namely the first factor Physical treatment (F): F0 (Control), F1 (sanding), F2 (wounding), while the second factor KNO3 concentration (K): K0 (Control), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.2%), K3 (0.3%) Each treatment is repeated 3 times. The results of the data were analyzed using fingerprint analysis (ANOVA) and if the difference was marked, Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was carried out at 5%. The results showed the interaction of physical treatment and KNO3 concentration on Growing Percentage, Plant Height 2, 6, 8, 10 MST and  Root Length. and In physical treatment has a very noticeable effect on Growing speed, growing percentage, Plant height 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 MST, Number of leaves 4, 6, 8, 10 MST, Root length,  as well as on KNO3  b Concentration Treatment It has a very real effect on Growing Speed, Growing Percentage, Plant Height, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 MST, Leaf count 4 MST, Root length  and has a significant effect on leaf count 6, 8, 10 MST.
The Effect of Giving the Combined Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Gamal Leaves (Gliricidia sepium) and Kepok Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca) on the Growth and Yield of Paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum)
Authors: Wijayakusuma Indrawati , Maasawet Theodora , Boleng Didimus Tanah
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the growth and production of paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum) when treated with liquid organic fertilizer mixed with gamal leaves and kepok banana peels, and to recommend the optimal dose for this treatment. Plantation land on Jalan Maridan Riko in Maridan Village, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan was surveyed for this study. Five different doses, labeled P0 (Control), P1 (40 ml), P2 (80 ml), P3 (120 ml), and P4 (160 ml), were tested in a randomized block design trial. Plant height among the measured variables, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight. Based on the results of analysis of plant height growth data Fcount (6.88) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of plant leaves Fcount (60.92) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of fruit Fcount (6.66) > Ftable (3.02) and results of fruit weight data analysis Fcount (2.91) > Ftable (2.87). These findings indicate that the optimal dose of liquid organic fertilizer for gamal leaves and kepok banana peels is 120 ml (P3), and this has a real impact on the development and yield of chili (Capsicum annum var. Grossum).
Effect of Concentration and Interval of Giving Goat Urine Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.)
Authors: Rohmandita Reyke Febrianti , Miftakhurrohmat A
Published: March 2024

The effect of the concentration and interval of giving goat urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of kailan. This study aims to determine the interaction between the concentration and interval of giving goat urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of kailan. This research was conducted at Ds. Jatikalang Krian started in February – April 2023. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the POC concentration which consists of 4 levels, namely concentration of 60 ml/L, concentration of 90 ml/L, concentration of 120 ml/L, concentration of 150 ml/L. The second factor is the administration interval which consists of 3 levels, including 3 days, 5 days, 7 days. The research results show that the concentration of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer has an effect on the observation of the number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight and dry weight. While the time interval treatment only affects the plant height parameter. The combination of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer treatment with the time interval of application showed a significant interaction on the observation of kailan leaf area. The best concentration of goat urine liquid organic fertilizer is giving 120 ml with an interval of application every 5 days.
Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Solani in Cucumber Plants Using Endobacteria: Effects On Disease Severity and Chlorophyll Content
Authors: Saeed Khaldoon Faris , Othman Abdullah Mahmood
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of endobacteria isolated from different parts of cucumber plants (roots, stems, and leaves) to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of R. solani in cucumber plants displaying symptoms of wilting and yellowing. Laboratory experiments revealed variations in citrate consumption and gram stain results among different endobacterial isolates. In field experiments, treatments involving Bacillus subtilis with Tricozone and Pseudomonas fluorescens with Tricozone demonstrated significant reductions in disease severity and increased chlorophyll content in cucumber plants compared to the pathogen control. Additionally, Acinetobacter baumannii with Hymazole at the first concentration showed superior effects on leaf area. These findings highlight the potential of endobacteria as biocontrol agents against R. solani, with implications for improving cucumber plant health and productivity.
The Effect of Golden Snail Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth and yield of two two red lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L) Varieties
Authors: Nurmalasari Intan Rohma , Nita Rafika Wahyu , Miftakhurrohmat A.
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted in Modong Village, Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency and continued with further research at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo University. This research will be conducted in March-June 2023. This study used the Factorial Pattern Group Random design method, namely Red Lettuce Red Rapid and Lolorosa varieties with the provision of Gold Snail POC concentrations, namely 25 ml / polybag, 50 ml / polybag, 75 ml/polybag. The data obtained was analyzed using Fingerprint Analysis (Annova) and if the real difference was continued with the 5% Honest Real Difference Test (BNJ). The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, root length and harvest index. Based on the results of the study showed that the red rapid lettuce variety is a variety that has a very real influence on the observation variebel of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight, but does not have a real effect on the observation variables of root length, dry weight and harvest index. Based on the results of the study showed that the red rapid lettuce variety is a variety that has a very real influence on the observation variebel of plant height, number of leaves and wet weight, but does not have a real effect on the observation variables of root length, dry weight and harvest index. The treatment of gold snail POC with 50 ml administration had a very real effect on the observation variable of plant height at the age of 28 HST
Molecular Characteristics Study of The Plants of Two Species Form The Genus Eruca Mill of The Brassicaceae Family, Which are Growing in Iraq
Authors: Al.Taie Ghassan Radam Idan
Published: March 2024

The Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS method was used to diagnose the two species (Eruca sativa Mill. And Eruca vesicaria L.) These plants belong to the Eruca Mill genus from the Brassicaceae family. This study was conducted during the spring season of the year (2022-2023), as all samples were taken from different regions in Iraq, after being classified from the Iraqi flora. (E. sativa Mill and E. vesicaria L) of the Brassicaceae family to find out the degree of relatedness between the two species. of wildly growing plants in iraq, as the Deoxyribonucleic acid   DNA bundles were extracted from agarose gel and the process of finding the sequence of nitrogenous bases was performed. Eruca two species. E. sativa Mill. And E. vesicaria L.  which belong to the Brassicaceae family. With a percentage of 100% and 99.83% concordance. This method is considered one of the accurate methods in the diagnosis of genus at the level of the one species and between two species in addition to its ease to compare and and differentiate between the two species.
Study of The Effect of Boswellia Leaf Extract on The Activity of Cardiac Enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT, LDH) Using Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Ibraheem Aseel Khalil , Hashim Heyam A. , Abbood Shaymaa Saadi
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of Boswellia carterii leaf extracts on serum enzyme activity in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Employing a comparative analysis between 60 healthy individuals and 40 cardiac patients, we measured the serum activity of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH enzymes. Our findings reveal elevated enzyme activity in MI patients. We explored the inhibitory effects of aqueous, alcoholic, and ethyl acetate extracts of Boswellia carterii on these enzymes, demonstrating non-competitive inhibition. The inhibition ratio of ALT, ALP, and AST post-treatment was quantitatively assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-26 with independent t-tests. This research highlights the potential therapeutic role of Boswellia carterii in modulating enzyme activity associated with cardiac events, suggesting avenues for novel treatments in cardiac care.
Study on Candida spp. infection oral thrush and bacteria accompanied it from children
Authors: Habib Khalid A. , Abdil Majeed Sura M. , Al-Jumaily Essam F.
Published: March 2024

Oral swab samples were collected from 120 children (ages between one month- 10 years) who were infected with oral thrush and 30 healthy children. The percentages of isolated yeasts and Bacteria were 66.6% and 96.6% respectively. The dominate yeast and bacteria were Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus with of 78.7% and 34.4% respectively.
Results revealed that the highest percent of infection with oral thrush disease was 32.5% in children within the age of 1-2 months.
Study of some effective factors on the production of garamicidin from locally isolated Bacillus brevis
Authors: AL-Meani Safaa Abed Lateef
Published: March 2024

The optimum cultural conditions for garamicidin production by local isolate B.brevis were studied.Best result was obtained when the isolate B.brevis was grown on media composed of 1%glucose as carbon source,1% ammonium chloride as a nitrogen source ,0.5% Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate as a phosphate source and after 48 hours of incubation at 30C .Garamicidin has been extracted and purified through acid precipition and then extracted by organic solvent (ether& acetone ).Using HPLC the garamicidin antibiotic showed three types A,B and C garamicidin .
Biodiversity of Rotifera and Cladocera in the upper region of Euphrates River- Iraq
Authors: Rabee Adel Mashaan
Published: March 2024

Five representative sampling stations were selected in upper region of Euphrates river. Bimonthly sampling were collected from December 2000 to December 2001. Rotifera showed high density in December 2000 while high density of cladocera which recorded in October .The results of relative abundance index showed that rotifera: Polyarthera dolichoptera , Keratella cochlearis , K. valga, Cephalodella auriculata and cladocera: Bosmina longirostris , B.coregoni ,Chydorus spharicus, were more abundant in study stations. The results of constancy index showed 4 taxa belonged to rotifera and 2 taxa belonged to cladocera which were considered constant in the Euphrates river, where the other species varied between accessory and accidental species in study stations. The index values of Species richness of rotifera varied between 0.41 – 2.8 and cladocera varied between 0.5 - 1.95. The Shanon-Weiner index of rotifera varied between 0.54-1.72 bit/ind., while the Shanon index of cladocera varied between 0.5-1.6 bit/ind. The uniformity index of rotifera varied between 0.41 – 0.99 but the uniformity index of cladocera varied between 0.61- 0.98 .
Determination of chemical composition of local black seeds Nigella sativa L
Authors: Al-Ani Ebtihal E.
Published: March 2024

Chemical analysis for evaluation of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) seeds showed a composition of Fat 39% ; Protein 28% ; Carbohydrate 21% ; Moisture 6% and Ash 4.5% . It was found that the black seed contains the following mineral element : Magnesium 0.26 gm /100gm seed ; Calcium 0.25 gm /100gm seed and Iron 25 ?g / gm /100gm seed ; zinc 4.51?g /gm /100gm seed and Copper 3.60 ?g /gm /100gm seed. The analysis also showed that mineral element I. e. ; lead ; Cobalt ; Nickel ; Chrom ; Cadmium and Aresenic are not present . It was found that the fat of the black seed contains the following fatty acids : Myristic 2.8%; Palmtic 16.6%; Stearic 0.8 % ; Oleic 13.79% ; Linoleic 64.2% and Arachidic 1.9% .
Using Different Types of Projectiles to Make Avalanches to Avoid Human Being Disasters and Properties Destruction
Authors: Al-Obaidi Ryadh Y. K.
Published: March 2024

Some geological phenomena as landslides and the mobilization of the accumulated rocks or soil are discussed in this research by using projectiles that cause mobility and falling of these land masses which are present at the top of mountains and edges of roads and streets to avoid accidents and human disasters which will occur if they are left falling by effect of climate or vibrating factors that are produced by performing dams, bridges and reservoirs.
According to the different divisions of land masses groups, primary and secondary, which depend on type of movement and material arrangement that form the mobile masses, this research had shown the effect of projectiles for every type of cannons on the mobility of every groups of these rocks masses by forming vibrations and earthquakes as a result of these different types of projectiles according to their power degrees.
Effect of (1,4) phenylenediamine on the corrosion of lead in 1M hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Al – Saadie Khulood , Al-Safi Saria A. J. , AL-Mammar Dunya Edan
Published: March 2024

The accelerating effect of 1,4- phenylenediamine (PDA) additions in 1M hydrochloric acid solution at temperature rang (20-60) C° has been studied by weight losses measurement during ranging time (1-260) h and by following the pb2+ concentration in solution after several times by using Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) . The volume of hydrogen gas involving was followed also in presence and absence of (PDA) in the corrosive solution .Accelerating enhanced by adding (NaCl , NaBr , NaI ) was also investigated.
A study of some atomic properties for He-like selected ions
Authors: AL-Bayati Khalil H. , Taki Ali K. , Murshed Mohamed.N
Published: March 2024

The atomic properties have been studied for He-like ions (He atom, Li+, Be2+ and B3+ions). These properties included, the atomic form factor f(S), electron density at the nucleus , nuclear magnetic shielding constant and diamagnetic susceptibility ,which are very important in the study of physical properties of the atoms and ions.
For these purpose two types of the wave functions applied are used, the Hartree-Fock (HF) waves function (uncorrelated) and the Configuration interaction (CI) wave function (correlated). All the results and the behaviors obtained in this work have been discussed, interpreted and compared with those previously obtained.
Influence of the annealing time on the structural properties for Flash evaporated InSb films
Authors: Al-Bderi A.K.M. , Alagaly M.J.K.
Published: March 2024

Indium Antimonide (InSb) thin films were grown onto well cleaned glass substrates at substrate temperatures (473 K) by flash evaporation. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the polycrystalline of the films and the films show preferential orientation along the (111) plane .The particle size increases with the increase of annealing time .The transmission spectra of prepared samples were found to be in the range (400-5000 cm-1 ) from FTIR study . This indicates that the crystallinity is improved in the films deposited at higher annealing time.
Improving Fractal Image Compression Scheme through Quantization Operation
Authors: Toama Ghada K. , Razaak Hyder H.
Published: March 2024

We explore the transform coefficients of fractal and exploit new method to improve the compression capabilities of these schemes. In most of the standard encoder/ decoder systems the quantization/ de-quantization managed as a separate step, here we introduce new way (method) to work (managed) simultaneously. Additional compression is achieved by this method with high image quality as you will see later.
The study of some physical and chemical characteristics in drinking water treatment plant of Jurf Al- Sakar subdestric in Babylon governorate, Iraq
Authors: Naji Hassan F. , Al-Azawey Etheer S.N. , Hassan Fikrat M.
Published: March 2024

Some physical and chemical characteristics of Jurf Al- Sakar drinking water plant in Babylon governorate have been studied. Seven locations for this plant were selected. These were the drinking water treatment plant source on Euphrates River before entering the plant, precipitation, filtration and collection tanks, and also after leaving the plant at distances of one meter, 4 and 8 km. The samples were collected bimonthly from October, 2002 to August, 2003. Some results match with the national and international standard characters while the other characters (Turbidity, total hardness, calcium, nitrate, phosphate and the biological oxygen demand values) were not match. The present study showed that drinking water treatment plant is undrinkable, as well as, the chlorine is not used in the plant, during study period
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of four Wheats Triticum aestivum L. Genotypes
Authors: Kaaby EKLAS.A.AL , Al-jibouri A.A.M. , ALSalhy Ali.A. , AL-Aubaidy Ashwak .A , Zamil Qassim,M,
Published: March 2024

The effect of gamma radiation at the doses (0 , 5 , 10 or 15 ) Gray on the callus of four Triticum aestivum immature embryos genotypes (AL-Hashmiya , AL-Noor AL-Zahraa and AL-Mellad ) were studied . The fresh and dry weight for callus and shoot tips beside numbers and lengths of the shoots were used as indicators after 8 weeks .

Results revealed that (AL-Noor and AL-Zahraa ) was superior by giving highest fresh and dry weight reached 274.2 and 269.2 mg and 26 and 24.3 mg respectively as compared with AL-Hashmiya and AL-Mellad. Moreover, the control treatment and the dose 10 Gray gave highest fresh weight reached 277.4 and 259.1 mg while the dry weight was highest in the control treatment and the dose 5 Gray. addition 10 Gray dose was superior to give highest rate for the number , length , fresh and dry weight of shoots reached 9.7 shoots , 3.6 cm length , 410.2 and 47.9 mg on respectively.
The Effect of Eruca sativa extract on Gram Posative and Negative Bacteria
Authors: Ali Entesar Hussein , Hussein Amal Ali
Published: March 2024

The antibacterial effect of (Eruca sativa) extract was evaluated by an in vitro study testing the growth of various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria . The bactericidal activity of this extract was analyzed by serial dilution in tubes. This study,found that Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria susceptible to very low eruca concentrations. On the other hand, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria, the minimal bactericidal concentration of Gram-positive bacteria was 5 mg ml-1 but minimal bactericidal concentration of Gram-negative bacteria was 10 mg ml-1 that mean duble inhibation concentration of Gram-positive bacteria . this study suggest that Eruca sativa leaves have inhibation effect on Gram-Posative and Gram-Negative bacteria and Eruca sativa was natural material with little side effect.
Evaluation of the one electron expectation values for different wave function of Be atom
Authors: Al-asaad Ban H. , Al-bayati Khalil H. , Hasson Salaah A
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work is to evaluate the one- electron expectation value from the radial electronic density function D(r1) for different wave function for the 2S state of Be atom . The wave function used were published in 1960,1974and 1993, respectavily.
Using Hartree-Fock wave function as a Slater determinant has used the partitioning technique for the analysis open shell system of Be (1s22s2) state, the analyze Be atom for six-pairs electronic wave function , tow of these are for intra-shells (K,L) and the rest for inter-shells(KL) . The results are obtained numerically by using computer programs (Mathcad).
Effect of Adding (Binder-Plastisizer-Lubricat) on the Physical Properties of Kaolin
Authors: Rasin Fadial A.
Published: March 2024

The study concern with the preparation of three type of mixtures; which are prepared from different percentage of polyvenil Butyral, Di-n-butyl phathalate and paraffin wax pastillated. The solvent used is Xylolzul analyses.
After washing, Drying and milling the kaolin Dukhla, as a matrix in this study, and by using sieving Tech. The range of particle size used is less than and less than as a mesh batch. The added percentage from prepared mixture were 5% and 10% to 95% and 90% of the matrix respectively. Then disk samples were prepared by using a compaction pressure with heating. After cooling and drying the samples were undergo heat treatment in the range of (1250 – 1350) oC.
The measurement of shrinkage and Dielectric properties shows that the satisfied data to be compatible with the industrial properties were for 5% (75%B + 15%P + 10%L) added to 5% to 95% of Kaolin (Particle size less than ); which was fired at 1300oC.
Preparation Adhesive Material Reinforced of Graphite Particles and Study Electrical and Mechanical and Thermal Properties
Authors: Abbas Roula Abdul Khudher
Published: March 2024

The physical, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties containing (Viscosity, curing, adhesion force, Tensile strength, Lap shear strength, Resistively, Electrical conductivity and flammability) of adhesive material that prepared from Nitrocellulose reinforced with graphite particles and aluminum streat.
A comparison is made between the properties of adhesive material with varying percentage of graphite powder (0%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%) to find out the effect of reinforcement on the adhesive material.
The ability of property an electrical was studied through the measurement of conductivity a function of temperature varying.
The results of comparison have clearly shown that the increasing of content of the filler material (graphite weight) after limit ratio determined (32%) in material prepare lead to yielding the (CN) material to concept of granular agglomeration. The mechanical properties decrease when graphite weight ratio increases. Electrical conductivity and flammability increases with graphite weight percentage increases, while the electrical conductivity decreases with increases of temperature. The adherent topography of some physically tested Specimens was studied using optical microscopy.
Synthesis of some Schiff's bases derivatives from aminoazo compounds
Authors: Saleh Mohammad M. , Dawood Suhair S.
Published: March 2024

Reaction of,2- [( 4- amio phenyl ) diazenyl] 1,3,4- thiadiazole -5- thiol (S1) with
p- chlorobenzeldehyde,3,4 – dimethoxy benzaldehyde and pyrrol-2- carbonxaldehyde gave -5- [{4-(4-chlorobenzylidene amino) phenyl} diezenyl]-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2- thiol (S2),5-[{ 4-[(3,4- dimethoxybenzyldene )amino phenyl ] diazenyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2-thiol,(S3) and -5- [4-(1,H – pyrrol -2- yl- methylene)amino phenyl] diazenyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazole-2- thiol (S4) respectively as schiff's bases compounds. On the same route-2-[(4-amino-1- naphthyl ) diazenyl] -1,3,4- thiadiazole -5- thiol (S5) reacts with –p- chloro benzaldehyde and –m- nitrobenzaldehyde to give the follwing schiff's bases -5-[{ 4-(4- chloro benzylidene ) amino -1- naphthyl} diazenyl] -1,3,4- thiadiazole -2- thiol (S6) and -5- ({ 4- [3- nitrobenzylidene) amino] -1- naphthyl({ diazenyl) -1,3,4 – thiadiazole-2- thiol (S7). Sn2 reaction was carried out by the reaction of compound (S6,S7) with bromo ethyl acetate to get ethyl[5{4-(4- chlorobenzylidene amino)-1- naphthyl} diazenyl] -1- 1,3,4- thiadiazole-2- yl- thio] acetate (S8) and ethyl [5-{4- (2- nitrobenzylidene amino)-1- naphthyl diazenyl] -1,3,4- thiadiazole -2-yl-acetate (S9).(Fig.1).
Interactions of some metal ions with Nitrogenous bases present in Nucleotides
Authors: Majid Yahya Abdul , Saifullah Perry Habeeb
Published: March 2024

Acidity constants at 30co and 0.125 ionic strength have been determined for the Nitrogous bases of nucleic acid; cytocine, uarcil and thymine, and found to be 3.55 x10-19 , 1.44 x10 -19 and 7.24 x10 -20 respectively.
Stability constants of these bases with Thorium and uranyl ions have been determined. Results showed that metal ions Thorium and uranyl ions behave as hard acids and the nitrogenum bases behave as Hard bases according to Pearson's definition .Hardness – softness parameters for these ligands were calculated ,stability constants of complexes with metal ions could be arranged as follows :- Cytosine > Uracil > Thymine .
Synthesis of New Amide and ThioUrease Compounds.
Authors: Al-Hity Waleed.F.
Published: March 2024

The reaction of some new Schiff bases ( 2-[(2-Amino – ethylimino)-methyl]-R , 2-({2-[(R-benzylidene)-amino]-ethylimino}-methyl)-R with Benzoyl chloride or Acetyl chloride were carried out. Subsequent reactions of these products
N-(2-Amino-ethyl)-N-[Chloro-(R) –methyl]-benzamide or N-(2-{?-[chloro-(R) –methyl]-amino}-ethyl)-N-[chloro-(R) –methyl]- benzamide with thiourea afforded thioureas compounds.
The synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR,UV,spectra and C.H.N. analysis.
The Kinetic responses and foraging behavior of Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Authors: Ali Abdul-Zahra Kadhem Mohammed
Published: March 2024

Adaptive responses in larval behavior may be of two kinds:
Taxis: This involves a change in direction relative to source of a stimulus. Kinesis: Kinesis has no directional component, but involves change in the rate of performance in response to a stimulus. Drosophila larvae exhibited flexible behavioral responses associated with food acquisition and selection for different environmental conditions. In this investigation, we are concerned explosively with kinetic responses to food viability. Third instar larvae were subjected to test for thirty minutes in each of the following conditions i) in distilled water, ii) in Ringer's solution, iii) in glucose solution and on live yeast suspension. In each case the larva was in a thin layer of solution, or suspension over agar gel. On non – nutritive substrates, such as distilled water the predominant behavior is locomotion accompanied by exploratory movements foraging for food. When food is encountered the predominant behavior shifts from locomotion to feeding by sustained rhythmic scooping with the mouth hooks. Locomotore activity remains constant on yeast but immediately rises on transfer to Ringer's solution over the observation period. This is orthokinesis. On transfer to glucose solution larvae again show the instant rise in locomotion, but remains at a constant level with no evidence of an orthokinetic response. Feeding activity rate remains constant on yeast whereas in Ringer's solution we observe another kinetic response, for which we propose the term fagokinesis. This response is not observed when larvae were transferred to glucose solution.
Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Particle size Effect of Iron , Cobalt ,and Nickel Powders Suspended in Al Dura oil on XRF Intensities
Authors: Jedran Abdulhadi K.
Published: March 2024

Iron , Cobalt , and Nickel powders with different particle sizes were subjected to sieving and He-Ne laser system to determine the particle size . 1wt% from each powders was blended carefully with 99wt% from Iraqi oil . Microscopic examination were carried for all samples to reveal the particle size distribution . A Siemens type SRS sequential wavelength dispersive(WDS) X-ray spectrometer was used to analyze all samples , and the XRF intensity were determined experimentally and theoretically for all suspended samples , Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results were found .
ON G-OPEN SET
Authors: Hussein Jalal Hatem
Published: March 2024

A new class of generalized open sets in a topological space, called G-open sets, is introduced and studied. This class contains all semi-open, preopen, b-open and semi-preopen sets. It is proved that the topology generated by G-open sets contains the topology generated by preopen,b-open and semi-preopen sets respectively.
Oscillation of Nonlinear First Order Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Tawfiq Njlaa Issa
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the author established some new integral conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of nonlinear first order neutral delay differential equations. Examples are inserted to illustrate the results.
Effect of some agronomic technical in morphologe traits, yield compound and oil of rape seed c.v. pactol
Authors: Al-shamma Laith Mohammed Jawad
Published: March 2024

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib research station , Baghdad , Iraq , during the autumn season of 2006. The objectives were to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the performance of rape seed. A split-plot in a randomized complete of block design with three replications were used. Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 120,160,200,240,280 Kg / ha ) were assigned to main plots, where as planting space in sub-plots. The result obtained confirmed that 280,240 kg / ha nitrogen maximized seed yield 1.830 , 1.773 ton/ha, oil yield,0.843,0.824 ton/ha .Results showed that planting space 30 cm produced the highest seed yield 1.90 ton / ha and oil yield , 0.884 ton / ha . Interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and planting space were also detected plants gave the highest seed yield 2.253 ton / ha and oil yield 1.045 ton /ha that 280kg/ha nitrogen ,30cm planting space and produced more oil content 48.54 % that 120 kg / ha nitrogen compared with high nitrogen fertilizer levels .
Role of single and mixed culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia ficaria in utilization of petroleum wastes of Dora- refineries.
Authors: Hussein Amal A. , Hassan Shatha S.
Published: March 2024

The ability of single and mixed bacterial culture to utilize Dora-refineries petroleum wastes was compared. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia ficaria mixed culture consumed the wastes better than the single bacterial cultures. The highest log. number of viable cells in mixed culture was 6.842 , while in single bacterial cultures it was 6.683 and 5.631, respectively. after 3 days in API medium containing the refinery wastes.
The effect of some environmental conditions on the degradation of petroleum wastes was studied included aeration , NaCl concentration , pH and temperature. The growth of bacteria in the agitated culture was higher than stagnant culture the log. of cell no. was 6.021 in the first culture. The highest log. of cell no. stagnant culture was 5.771. Pseudomonas aeruginosa AA22 and Serratia ficaria AA39 were able to grow in medium containing 5 , 7 % NaCl , they favorite pH 7. The mixed culture of the two bacteria grew well of 45 oC.
Synthesis of Novel N-Substituted Dimethylmaleimidyl Esters and Their Applications as Plasticizers for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ahlam Marouf
Published: March 2024

Three N-(hydroxylphenyl) dimethylmaleimides were directly prepared in good yields (81-86)% from the reaction of dimethylmaleic anhydride with amino phenols.
The prepared imides were esterified to the corresponding benzoates, methacrylates and cinnamates via their reaction with different acid chlorides in the presence of triethylamine.
The prepared esters were tested as plasticizers for PVC via preparing of thirty six samples of PVC with the prepared esters in certain weight ratio followed by recording their softening points. Comparison the results with the universal plasticizers for PVC (DOP) and (DBP) indicated that the prepared esters in general have high plasticizing efficiency.
Effect of some agronomic technical in morphologe traits, yield compound and oil of rape seed c.v. pactol
Authors: Al-shamma Laith Mohammed Jawad
Published: March 2024

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib research station , Baghdad , Iraq . The objectives were to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the performance of rape seed. A split-plot in a randomized complete of block design with three replications were used. Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 120,160,200,240,280 Kg / ha ) were assigned to main plots, where as planting space in sub-plots. The result obtained confirmed that 280,240 kg / ha nitrogen maximized seed yield 1.830 , 1.773 ton/ha, oil yield,0.843,0.824 ton/ha .Results showed that planting space 30 cm produced the highest seed yield 1.90 ton / ha and oil yield , 0.884 ton / ha . Interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and planting space were also detected plants gave the highest seed yield 2.253 ton / ha and oil yield 1.045 ton /ha that 280kg/ha nitrogen ,30cm planting space and produced more oil content 48.54 % that 120 kg / ha nitrogen compared with high nitrogen fertilizer levels .
The Spectroscopic Behaviour of Rhodamine 6G in Liquid and Solid Solutions
Authors: Al-Temeem Nathera A.A. , Jameel Salwan K. , Alfahdawi Ahsan A. Abd
Published: March 2024

Absorption, fluorescence, quantum yield and lifetime of rhodamine 6G in chloroform, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide were measured. From a comparison of these quantities, with those for solid solutions (solid solutions are obtained by mixing constant volume proportions of dye at a concentration of 1*10-4M/l with different volume proportions from the concentrated solution of polymer in chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide).
The results showed that the addition of polymer to liquid concentrated solutions (1*10-4M/l )of rhodamine 6G dye from expecting [which leading to development active medium for laser dye at high concentration] increase the spectra shift toward high energies, and the luminescence quantum yield but decreasing radiative lifetime.
The synergistic effect of borax and chlorinated paraffin as flame – retardants for epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Al-Issa Mahmoud A.J. , Ugal Jalil R. , Al-Baiati Mohammad N. Bahjat
Published: March 2024

In this investigation , borax (B) (additive I) and chlorinated paraffin (CP.) (additive II) ,were used as flame retardants for each of epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins in the weight ratios of 2,4,6, & 8% by preparing films of (130×130×3) mm dimensions. Also films of these resins with a mixture of [50%(B.)+50%(CP.)] (additive III) in the same weight ratios were prepared in order to study the synergistic effect of these additives on the flammability of the two resins .
Three standard test methods were used to measure the flame retardation which are :
1-ASTM : D-2863
2-ASTM : D-635
3-ASTM : D-3014
The results obtained from these tests indicated that the additives (B),(CP.) and their mixture , gave a good effect as flame retardants for each epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins , but their synergistic effect was more effective than each of them alone.
Finally , the compatibility between the additives and resins (which showed a clear effect on retardation) was also studied .
Effect of Some Fungal Pathogen and Some Storage Treatments on Tomato and Cucumber Fruits Under Cold Storage (8? C)
Authors: Hassan M.S. , Youssef M.Y. , Jamel S.M
Published: March 2024

In study carried out in the cold storage in college of Agric./Univ. of Baghdad at 8 ? C. shows that Alternaria , Pencillium , Rhizoctonia , Mucor , are the fungi that causes tomato fruits decay. This is the first record of Rhizoctonia and Mucor as a Tomato fruits rot under 8º c in Iraq. There is no fungal infection on cucumber fruits under 8 ? C. . Waxing tomato fruits reduced the severity of the fungi infection and gave shelflife (19 days) under 8 ? C. There is an infection with Mucor was found in tomato fruits kept in perforated polyethylene bages with 16 bores prevent the infection and the lowest severity and frequency of infection was found in waxed tomato fruits.
Part of M.Sc thesis of the Second author.
Tamper Detection in Color Image
Authors: Mousa Ali Kadhim
Published: March 2024

In this work a fragile watermarking scheme is presented. This scheme is applied to digital color images in spatial domain. The image is divided into blocks, and each block has its authentication mark embedded in it, we would be able to insure which parts of the image are authentic and which parts have been modified. This authentication carries out without need to exist the original image. The results show the quality of the watermarked image is remaining very good and the watermark survived some type of unintended modification such as familiar compression software like WINRAR and ZIP
Effect of Volatile Oil of Myrtus communis on growth and activities of some types of Pathogenic Bacteria and Candida albicans
Authors: Al-Qaysia Safaa Al-Denn Ahmed Shanter
Published: March 2024

This Study aimed to studying the effect of Volatile oil extracted from the leaves of Myrtus communis on the growth and activities of the following types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsilla pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the yeast Candida albicans. The results showed an inhibitory effect of the oil on both the growth and activity of the tested microbes. This was reflected by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsilla pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was: (2.5, 1.25, and 2.5,5 % respectively), and the yeast (5) %. Also, the Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) to the bacteria mentioned above was (5, 2.5,5,10 % respectively) while the yeast was (10) %.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of total sesquiterpene lactones and phenols isolated from some Iraqi plants
Authors: Jawad Abdul-lateef M.
Published: March 2024

The antimicrobial potency of the crude ethanolic extracts from different Iraqi plants were evaluated . Further more, total sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds were isolated and their antimicrobial activity attempted. The results indicated that crude extracts have no activity except that of Callistemon lanceolatus. Also, the sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus were the most significant antimicrobial active constituents of the studied plants.
Plasma Heating of Tokamak by Microwaves at Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH)
Authors: Murbat H.H.
Published: March 2024

The brief description to the theory of propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma was done. The cutoff and resonance regions have been showed. The principles of plasma heating at electron cyclotron resonance (ECRH) method have been mentioned. The numerical simulation to three different station: Tosca station in United Kingdom, ISX-B station in USA and T-10 station in Russia had been done. The optical depth and the friction of energy absorbed A have been calculated. The simulation results indicate that both and A are increase with size of the tokamak and it is possible to obtain full absorption in large tokamak.
Preparation and Purification of natural uranium metal by Iodine method.
Authors: Taies Jehad.A.
Published: March 2024

In this work ,glass-metal apparatus was designed and manufactured which used for preparing ahigh purity uranium. The reaction is simply take place between iodine vapour and uranium metal at 500C in closed system to form uranium tetra iodide which is decomposed on hot wire at high temperature around 1100C. Also another apparatus was made from Glass and used for preparing ahigh purity of UI4 more than 99.9% purity.
Tamper Detection in Text Document
Authors: Mousa Ali Kadhim
Published: March 2024

Although text document images authentication is difficult due to the binary nature and clear separation between the background and foreground but it is getting higher demand for many applications. Most previous researches in this field depend on insertion watermark in the document, the drawback in these techniques lie in the fact that changing pixel values in a binary document could introduce irregularities that are very visually noticeable. In this paper, a new method is proposed for object-based text document authentication, in which I propose a different approach where a text document is signed by shifting individual words slightly left or right from their original positions to make the center of gravity for each line fall in with the middle point of intended line. Any modification, addition or deletion in a letter, word, or line in the document will be detected.
Isolation and identification of fungi which associated with animal's leather
Authors: Habib Khalid A. , Al-Jumaily Essam F. , Kadhum Shaimaa E.
Published: March 2024

The study included the investigation of fungi which associated with heavy animal's leather (Cows and Buffalos) and light (Sheep’s and Goats )through different processing stages (raw hides ,dehairing ,pickling,chrome tanned and stainning or finished stages)there were 10 genera and 25 species in addition to sterile fungi associated with animal leathers which included Alternaria ,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Fusarium, Mucor , Penicillium , Rhizopus , and Trichoderma .Aspergillus and Penicillium have observed in all leather samples and different processing stages, and that the first time isolate two genera Helminthosporium , Stemphylium form leather for staining stage.
The Effect of Potassium Sorbate on Microorganism and Self life of Laboratory Biscuit
Authors: AL-Timimi Salim S. , Habib Khalid A. , Khudyer Eshrak G
Published: March 2024

This study has been conducted to examin the effect of potassium sorbate at different level of 0.03,0.06,0.10% on the number of bacteria and mold and to extend the storage life of laboratory processed biscuit.
The results indicated that the use of 0.03% potassium sorbate prolonged the storage peroid until the third month .three types of bacteria has been isolated from processed biscuit, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Esherichia coli using 0.06% potassium sorbate showed no growth of bacteria up to six month of storage ,while using of 0.03% and 0.06% potassium sorbate prevent the growth of mold up to three and six months of storage respectively. Both Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated from the processed biscuit.
Proparyation of Low frequency microwave in dusty Plasma
Authors: Murbat H.H.
Published: March 2024

The numerical simulation for the low frequency waves in dusty plasma has been studied. The studying was done by taking two special cases depending on the direction of the propagation of the wave:First, when the propagation is parallel to the magnetic field K//B,this mode is called acoustic mode.Second,when K B this mode is called cyclotron mode.In addition, every one of the two modes divided into two modes depending on the range of the frequency.The Coulomb coupling parameter was studied, with temperature T,density of the dust particles Nd ,and the charge of the particle Qd.The low frequency electrostatic waves in dusty grains were studied. Also, the properties of ion-acoustic waves and ion-cyclotron waves are shown to modify even through the dust grains do not participate in the wave dynamics. If the dust dynamics induced in the analysis, new “ dust modes “ appear.
Corrosion Inhibition of Al-Si-Cu Alloy in the Basic Media by UsingSix Inhibitors at Four Temperatures
Authors: Majed Rana Afif
Published: March 2024

The research involved attempt to inhibit the corrosion of Al-Si-Cu alloy in 2.5x10-3 mol.dm-3 NaOH solution (pH=11.4) by addition of six different inhibitors with three concentrations (1x10-3, 1x10-2, and 0.1 mol.dm-3). These inhibitors include three organic materials (sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, and sodium oxalate) and three inorganic materials (sodium chromate, disodium phosphate, and sodium sulphate).
The data that concerning polarization behaviour are calculates which include the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and current density (icorr), cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes (bc & ba), and polarization resistance (Rp).
Protection efficiency (P%) and activation energy (Ea) values were calculated for inhibition by the six inhibitors. The results indicated the effect of temperature on the inhibition in basic media.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Fused Heterocyclic Compounds Consisting of Benzodiazepine, Quinoxaline, Benzimidazole and Thiazole Rings
Authors: Salih Nadia Adil , Ibraheem Hanan Abd El-Latif
Published: March 2024

In this study, new heterocyclic compounds were synthesized through the cyclization reactions of o-phenylenediamine (1) with various organic reagents. Benzodiazepine derivatives (2-4) were obtained by reaction of (1) with ethylacetoacetate, malonic acid and acetyl acetone.Treatment of compound (1) with chloroacetamide, chloroacetic acid, p-bromophenacyl bromide and oxalic acid dihydrate afforded quinoxaline derivatives (5-8), respectively. Reaction of compound (1) with benzoic acid, piperonal, cyclohexanone and carbon disulfide resulted in the formation of compounds (9-12), respectively. Finally, reaction of compound (12) with chloroacetic acid in the presence of potassium hydroxide produced compound (13).
Nahrwan Clays Study for Brick Industry
Authors: Shakir Madiha Mohammed , Al-Shmery Thamer
Published: March 2024

Nahrawan clay deposits lies in Diyala governorate , 65 Km, NE of Baghdad , according to the previous work in this field, in which they study the reserve belong to category of investigation ( C2 & C1 ) , we choice the proper area to investigation of category (B) with drill net( 200x 200m ) to rise the amount of reserve.
The investigation work included drilling (116) boreholes of total depth ranges from (10.0-12.55m) , showed mainly clayey and silty deposits with little sand , and the typical borehole (648) represents all types of sediment in the area , and most of boreholes without sandy deposits , and all of these deposits is Quaternary sediment which is consist of two main sedimentary cycles ( the Pleistocene & Holocene ) .
Chemical analysis for (343) samples were done , and physical test carried on ( 143 ) samples , and all show suitable properties for clay brick industry . the area of investigation covered ( 5.200.000 m2) involving ( 620.000 m2 ) containing soluble salt more than ( 3.5%) , which was separated from the total area , so the residual (4.580.000m2 ) had been taken to calculate the reserve , with depth of ( 10.76m) for the industrial clay bed .
The reserve calculations depended on the following chemical & physical Properties:
The chemical analysis shows that , CaO ( 16.53%) MgO ( 4.65% ) ,
SO3 ( 1.42%) , T.S.S. (2.42%) , the physical properties are unfired properties Which contains Bulk density ( 2.09gm/cm3) , moisture content (20.95%) , linear dry shri. (7.63%) , and fired properties which contain water absorption (18.8%) , linear shri. (0.8%) volume shri. (2.212% ) , compressive strength ( 468.606Kg/cm2) .
So the reserve of category (B) is ( 49.280. 800 m3 ) or (102.966.000 Ton) the physical test showed that the brick classified into class (A-B) .