bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Inclusive Language in Human Subjects Questionnaires: Addressing Racial, Ethnic, Heteronormative, and Gender Bias
Authors: Hernandez Isabella , Nuñez Velia , Reynaga Lorena , Stewart Kennedy , Hernandez-Castro Ixel , Maldonado Luis E. , Corona Karina , Aung Max , Knapp Emily A. , Fuselier Garrett , Douglas Christian , Vega Carmen Velez , Faro Elissa , Frosch Rachel Morello , Lewis Johnnye , Croen Lisa A. , Dunlop Anne Lang , Ganiban Jody , Keenan Kate , Bastain Theresa
Published: April 2024

Background
Questionnaires for research that involve diverse populations require inclusive language. There are few guidelines to assist researchers in minimizing social and cultural biases in data collection materials; such biases can result in harm and negatively impact data integrity.
Methods
We describe an approach to evaluating language in data collection forms reflecting racial, ethnic, heteronormative, and gender bias using the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
(ECHO)-wide Cohort Study (EWC) as a case study. The 245 data collection forms were used by 69 cohorts in the first seven years of the (ECHO)-wide Cohort Study (EWC). A diverse panel of reviewers (n=5) rated all forms; each form also was rated by a second student. Items identified as reflecting bias were coded as to the specificity of the bias using nine categories (e.g., racial bias, heteronormative assumptions) following whole panel discussion. We provide recommendations for conducting inclusive research to the scientific community.
Results
Thirty-six percent (n=88) of the data collection forms were identified as containing biased language. In total, 137 instances of bias were recorded, eight instances of racial or ethnic bias, 56 instances of bias related to sex, gender identity and sexual orientation and 73 instances of bias related to universal assumptions. Seventy-three percent (n=64) of forms with biased language are validated measures. The review culminated in recommended revisions to forms used by ECHO and the general scientific community.
Conclusion
Adverse health outcomes disproportionately affect marginalized populations. Utilizing culturally and socially conscious research materials that are inclusive of various identities and experiences is necessary to help remediate these disparities. Our review finds compelling evidence of bias in many widely used data collection instruments. Recommendations for conducting more inclusive science are discussed.
Age and ethnic-driven molecular and clinical disparity of East Asian breast cancers
Authors: Lee Ji Yoon , Chung Min Sung , Choi Jong Gwon , Sim Sung Hoon , Kim Hyo Jeong , Kim Jeong Eun , Lee Kyoung Eun , Park Yeon Hee , Kang Myoung Joo , Ahn Mi Sun , Chae Yee Soo , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Gun Min , Byun Jae Ho , Park Keon Uk , Kim Ju Won , Jung Seung Pil , Lee Jung Hyun , An Jung Seok , Jang Byunghyun , Yoon Dayoung , Kim Jiwon , Hong Jisoo , Koo Harim , Cho Kyu Ran , Kim Cheol Yong , Sa Jason K. , Park Kyong Hwa , Lee Ji Won
Published: April 2024

Background
Breast Cancer (BC) is a complex disease with profound genomic aberrations. However, the underlying molecular disparity influenced by age and ethnicity remains elusive.
Methods
In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular properties of 843 primary and metastatic BC patients enrolled in the K-MASTER program. By categorizing patients into two distinct age subgroups, we explored their unique molecular properties. Additionally, we leveraged large-scale genomic data from the TCGA and MSK-IMPACT studies to examine the ethnic-driven molecular and clinical disparities.
Results
We observed a high prevalence of PI3KCA mutations in K-MASTER HER2+ tumors, particularly in older patients. Moreover, we identified increased mutation rates in DNA damage response molecules, including ARID1A, MSH6, and MLH1. The K-MASTER patients were mainly comprised of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2-positive tumors, while the TCGA and MSK-IMPACT cohorts exhibited a predominance of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) subtype tumors. Importantly, GATA3 mutations were less frequently observed in East Asian patients, which correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition to characterizing the molecular disparities, we developed a gradient-boosting multivariable model to identify a new molecular signature that could predict the therapeutic response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Conclusions
Our findings collectively provide unprecedented insights into the significance of age and ethnicity on the molecular and clinical characteristics of BC patients.
Pollen Morphology and Variability Among Indian Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Comparative Analysis with Genera of the Asteraceae Family
Authors: SA Patil , MS Nimbalkar , MC Pagariya , AJ Kulkarni , PR Jadhav , MP Mane , AB Magdum , TN Saha , KV Shinde , KV Prasad , GB Dixit , PG Kawar
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the pollen morphology of 134 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cultivars through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chrysanthemum, a globally significant cut-flower crop, is renowned for its ornamental and medicinal properties. Morphology of a pollen grain, a microscopic flower structure known for being reproductive unit of higher plants was put forth for Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis that revealed diverse Chrysanthemum pollen traits, including shape, size, spine length, spine rows between colpi, ornamentation, and aperture type. Comparative analysis with 14 genera from daisy family, the PalDat database further explains uniqueness of Chrysanthemum in Asteraceae. Statistical analyses, employing cluster and principal component analyses, classify Chrysanthemum cultivars based on their pollen morphological characters. Significant cultivars exhibit distinct outgroups, suggestive of geographic and environmental impacts on evolution. The study suggests the significance of pollen characters, such as length, form index, and equatorial diameter in taxonomy and classification. This study contributes considerations into Chrysanthemum pollen morphology, enhancing knowledge of intrageneric relationships. The conclusions feature the importance of SEM techniques in identifying species based on palynomorphological traits. Future research, encompassing morphological, karyological, and molecular aspects, is recommended for a complete taxonomy of the Chrysanthemum genus.
Safety and efficacy of intravenous tirofiban in progressive stroke patients out of thrombolytic window and without large arterial occlusion
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chang Pengfei , Zhao Xin , Wang Jinbao , Xie Jiangbo , Liu Tao , Li Yang , Zhou Ming
Published: April 2024

Background: Progressive stroke is common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and is associated with the poor functional result; however, there is no effective treatment for progressive stroke patients out of the thrombolytic window and without substantial arterial occlusion. In our study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous tirofiban in patients with progressive stroke who missed the thrombolytic window and had no significant arterial occlusion.
Method and Results: This is aprospective, open-label, cohort study that is based
on historical controls, 15 progressive stroke patients (with the NIHSS deterioration ≥ 2 points or ≥ 1 point for limb paresis within 24 h after admission) who missed the thrombolytic window and had no large arterial occlusion in tirofiban group (T-group) were treated by intravenous tirofiban at 0.4 µg/kg/min for 30 min followed by 0.1 µg/kg/min infusion for 48 h followed by regular treatment or to receive regular antiplatelet treatment (aspirin plus clopidogrel) . The historical control group treated with regular antiplatelet agents (aspirin plus clopidogrel) was selected from a local cohort. The safety outcomes were assessed by the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), systematic bleeding, and thrombocytopenia. The primary outcome was the proportion of excellent outcomes at 90 days [defifined as the modifified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1]. The secondary outcomes included the NIHSS score at 7 days.
Results: After 90 days, more patients reached a excellent outcome (mRS 0–1) compared with control group (80 vs. 33.3%; unadjusted odds ratio 8.0; 95% CI: 1.275–2.858; P < 0.01). At seven days, the NIHSS score in the tirofiban group was lower than in the control group (2.8 vs. 4.5, p = 0.02). In both patient groups, neither sICH nor systemic bleeding nor thrombocytopenia occurred.
Conclusions: In our study, intravenous tirofiban appears to be a potentially effective and safe therapy for progressive stroke patients who missed the thrombolytic window and had no large arterial occlusion. However, it is just a non-randomized study with a historical control group, so randomized studies are required to assess the tirofiban's safety and efficacy in this population of acute ischemic stroke patients.
An evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) management within the healthcare System of Pakistan: Insights from a Cross-Sectional analysis of GOLD Guidelines implementation
Authors: Kanwal Hafsa , Khan Amjad , Kalsoom Umm-e- , Mushtaq Saima , Khan Yusra Habib , Rabia Mahwish , Fang Yu
Published: April 2024

Background:
Recognizing the significance of standardized treatment guidelines in managing COPD, this study aimed to explore prescription patterns in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary objectives were to assess the extent to which pulmonologists adhere to these guidelines and to pinpoint any factors that may influence physician adherence.
Methodology:
The research was conducted from April to September 2022 in various healthcare facilities within the twin cities of Pakistan. COPD outpatients were categorized into different risk groups (ABCD) in accordance with the 2021 GOLD strategy. In the context of COPD management, physicians' clinical practices were evaluated by examining both the patients' disease status and the treatment regimens prescribed to determine the degree of adherence to established guidelines.
Results:
The study included 182 patients, mostly (73.6%) were male with the age mean ± SD 61.16 ± 11.004 years. All patients were Asian Pakistani (100%); 102 (56.0%) patients lived in urban areas, and 80 (44.0%) in rural areas. The most prescribed treatment was the combination long-acting beta agonist (LABA) (27.5%), followed by combination therapy LAMA + LABA (in different inhalers) ((21.4%), LAMA (17.0%), and LABA + ICS (13.7%).The most inappropriate therapies were in Group A (56.09%) followed by a7.5% in Group C. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities had a .479 (95% CI, .264-.868) times higher risk of receiving an inappropriate therapy (p = 0.015).
Conclusions:
Pulmonologist compliance with the GOLD guidelines falls short of the desired level and necessitates enhancement. Among the influential factors contributing to the inadequacy of COPD treatments, cardiovascular comorbidities and the inclusion of low-risk Groups A and B are notable, as they carry an elevated risk of overtreatment. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that LABA, while being the most frequently prescribed therapy, is not aligned with the guideline's recommendations to a substantial extent.
Effectiveness of a 2-dose varicella vaccination program in Changzhou, China, during the transitional period (2017-2022): a registry-based case-cohort study
Authors: Xiong Suting , Han Changlei , Wu Dan , Mi Xiaomeng , Zhang Peipei , Gao Han , Cao Gan , Yao Fang , Chen Cong , Lv Xufeng
Published: April 2024

Background
The benefits of high coverage and timeliness of varicella vaccination need to be quantified in countries where varicella vaccine (VarV) has not yet been included in national immunization programs. This longitudinal study analyzed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the varicella vaccination program implemented in Changzhou City during the transitional period (2017–2022).
Methods
Using the Immunization Information System and National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System registry data, this retrospective case-cohort study assessed the VEs of varicella vaccination for Changzhou children born from 2016 to 2021. A subcohort was sampled using inverse probability weighting for the survival analysis design to evaluate the VEs under different dosages and cost types, eliminating confounding by age and location area. Sensitivity analysis for the exclusion part assessed the study's robustness.
Results
A total of 5,172 children (1.12%) were sampled to the subcohort for studies, including 2,299 cases. VEs significantly rose with each successive dose, reaching 82.54% and 97.91%. VEs were lower for the single-dose subgroups until 2019, with significant increases in VEs in all subgroups in 2019 and after that. Most children who did not benefit from the "1–4" Vaccination Program had lower VEs due to delayed vaccination.
Conclusion
High 2-dose VarV vaccine coverage and timely vaccination could enhance the immune barrier for susceptible children. During the transitional period, the "1–4" Vaccination Program had a positive impact on coverage and timeliness in Changzhou.
Análise Comparativa de Resinas Compostas Convencionais e Resinas Bulk Fill
Authors: Azevedo Joyce Karoline Neves , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Durante a fotopolimerização da resina podem existir tensões de contração que possibilitam o surgimento de microtrincas/microfraturas, sensibilidade pós-operatória, desgaste superficial, cárie secundária, entre outros. Na intenção de encontrar a estética e as propriedades mecânicas e biológicas de uma restauração longeva, que surgiram as resinas compostas chamadas Bulk-Fill, com a proposta de inserção em incremento único de até 4 ou 5 mm. Objetivo: Analisar estudos que compararam a resina Bulk fill com a resina composta convencional, a fim de obter informações sobre características e propriedades de ambos os materiais e qual a melhor opção do mercado atualmente. Materiais e métodos: O levantamento literário realizado nessa revisão de literatura foi fundamentado na busca por artigos científicos que tenham sido publicados em um recorte de tempo de 5 anos (entre 2016 e 2021), indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: Medical Publications (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultados: 20 estudos foram selecionados, nove foram (45%) revisões sistemáticas, oito (40%) estudos clínicos randomizados e três (15%) estudos in vitro. Conclusão: As evidências científicas que emergiram desta revisão mostram que a eficácia clínica da resina bulk-filll é semelhante à resina convencional, independentemente do tipo de restauração (classe I, II ou lesões cervicais não cariosas), do tipo de dente restaurado (dentes decíduos ou permanentes), porém em relação aos parâmetros funcionais e biológicos e ao tempo clínico, a resina bulk-fill se apresentou ligeiramente superior. Mais estudos precisam ser realizados para obter mais informações acerca de qual melhor material atualmente.
The effect of spacing grid in the precision solution of the inverse vertical electric sounding problem
Authors: Bobachev A. A. , Deshcherevskii A. V. , Sidorin A. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Electrical methods for monitoring the stress-strain state of the Earth's crust involve measuring apparent resistivity, but changes in resistivity are of physical interest. During daily (for 12 years) measurements of the apparent resistivity of the Earth's crust using a stationary 32-electrode vertical electrical sounding installation in a highly seismic region of Tajikistan and precision equipment, a vertical electrical sounding profile of a special type was obtained for which the sounding date changes from picket to picket. To invert field data, a special version of the IPI program was developed taking into account the features of the measuring setup. Initially, the direct and inverse problems of vertical electrical sounding were solved on a standard logarithmic spacing grid which significantly increased the speed of calculations. The actual data were interpolated to this grid. However, testing the algorithm on synthetic data showed that in this case the maximum achievable accuracy is limited by a special type of equivalence – the effect of resistance buildup. The precision version of the IPI program implements several algorithmic techniques aimed at reducing the error in solving the inverse problem. When describing the effects that depend on the choice of one or another spacing grid, the results of solving the inverse problem for synthetic profiles in two versions of the IPI program were compared and the beneficial effect of switching to the actual spacing grid was determined. When comparing the results of inversion of the experimental vertical electrical sounding profile obtained as a result of long-term observations, the amplitude of errors arising when using a logarithmic spacing grid was assessed using indirect evidence.
Detailed chemical analysis of soils and identification of priority pollutants on the territory of the state aviation airfield (Krymsk)
Authors: Kochetova Zh. Yu. , Lazarev I. S. , Zibrova N. V. , Bazarskiy O. V.
Published: April 2024

In connection with the intensification of military activities, environmental problems have worsened in large-scale territories. The primary task is to create lists of priority pollutants of environmental objects that are mandatory for control at landfills for various purposes, military bases, airfields. The paper presents the data of a detailed geochemical analysis of the soils of the state aviation airfield territory, on the basis of which priority contaminants were identified taking into account their gross content, hazard classes and the frequency of exceeding dangerous concentrations relative to the background. In the Krasnodar Territory (Krymsk), 32 samples from the territory of the state aviation airfield were analyzed over 4 years of research, and background concentrations of 22 metals, petroleum products, formaldehyde and nitrate nitrogen were also established. To determine the hazard classes of metals with unspecified maximum permissible concentrations, a correlation analysis was carried out comparing the hazard classes of substances and their clarks. Based on the results of the study, a list of pollutants recommended for control has been compiled including cesium, arsenic, scandium, niobium, lead (hazard class I); antimony, formaldehyde, nitrate nitrogen (II); petroleum products (III). The variability of the distribution of concentrations of pollutants on the airfield territory depends on the specifics of the operation of aircraft and special equipment for flight support. But at all sampling points (beginning – end, runway perimeter; taxiways; under the glide path), the main soil pollutant is arsenic, which concentrations exceed background concentrations by 16–36 times. The dangerously high content of petroleum products, formaldehyde, nitrate nitrogen, and scandium and caesium in some points in the airfield soils has been also found.
Constructing a toilet standard system for the toilet revolution in China
Authors: Cheng Shikun , Ye Ziwang , Li Xinying , Manga Musa , Dorea Caetano , Chen Zhengxian , Li Zifu , Ma Xiaolei , Mang Heinz-Peter , Li Tianxin
Published: April 2024

Access to adequate and secure sanitation to prevent and reduce disease occurrence and improve people's health has been a longstanding global concern. Toilet standardization is immensely important for the promotion of sanitation in China. At present, China has more than 200 toilet-related standards, including national, industrial, provincial, association, and enterprise standards. In addition, there are many existing problems with the standard system, such as standards lagging, standards deficiency, and cross-repetition of standards content. This study analyzed the toilet standards utilizing a six-dimensional structure of the standardized system engineering methodology. A framework for the toilet standard system, which consists of six components, is proposed: basic general standard, public toilet standard, household toilet standard, toilet hardware standard, environmental health and safety standard, and toilet accessory standard and standard toilet peripherals. Additionally, the study suggests approaches for improving standardization including cultivating and developing association and enterprise standards, establishing a standardization technical committee, strengthening standard publicizing and implementation, and linkages with international standards.
The prediction of precipitation changes in the Aji-Chay watershed using CMIP6 models and the wavelet neural network
Authors: Khoramabadi Farahnaz , Fard Moradinia Sina
Published: April 2024

Greenhouse gases affect climate system disturbances. This research employs sixth generation CMIP6 models in the SSP5.85 scenario and extends the use of the neural wavelet network to predict precipitation variations for the future (2025–2065). Kendall's trend test is used to assess changes in precipitation trends for observed and projected periods. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) validates models under SSP5.85 by comparing observed precipitation with model predictions. A multi-layer perceptron neural network assesses climate change's impact on future precipitation. Findings indicate future precipitation is projected to fluctuate from −0.146 to over −2.127 mm compared to the baseline period. The observed period showed a significant 3.37% monthly precipitation decrease within the watershed. The CanESM5 model predicts a 3.916 reduction in precipitation with 95% confidence, while INM-CM4-8 and MRI-ESM2-0 models are less certain. The minor difference between CanESM5's predicted (−5.91) and observed (−5.05) precipitation suggests a slight variance. On the other hand, the wavelet neural network (WNN) model predicts that precipitation in this region will increase in the future. In general, this study predicts a decrease in precipitation for the Aji-Chay watershed in Iran over the next decade, could lead to serious issues like lower crop yields, rising food prices, and even droughts.
Observation on breeding of Silky-tailed Nightjar Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae) from Paraguay
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Smith Paul
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: We provide the first Paraguayan breeding data for the rare Atlantic Forest species Silky-tailed Nightjar Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae). A nest was located in Itapúa department on 10 November 2017 and a single chick was found to be present on 5 December. The female attending the nest was observed to perform a distraction display.

Keywords: Atlantic Forest, distraction display, Itapúa department

 

RESUMO: Fornecemos os primeiros dados de reprodução paraguaios para a espécie rara da Mata Atlântica bacurau-rabo-de-seda Antrostomus sericocaudatus sericocaudatus (Caprimulgidae). Um ninho foi localizado no departamento de Itapúa em 10 de novembro de 2017 e um único filhote foi encontrado em 5 de dezembro. A fêmea que frequentava o ninho foi observada realizando uma exibição de distração.

Palavras chaves: exibição de distração, Mata Atlântica, departamento de Itapúa
EMBALAGEM DE ARGAMASSA PARA O MOVIMENTO FAÇA VOCÊ MESMO (DIY): ERGONOMIA E SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Mara Cristine Aguiar  , Sidney Tolentino Silva  , Rodrigo Venturini Soares
Published: April 2024

Este artigo científico descreve um projeto de design de embalagem flexível para argamassa, com o objetivo de atender às necessidades dos consumidores adeptos do movimento Faça Você Mesmo. A falta de opções sustentáveis e ergonômicas de embalagens para argamassa no mercado foi identificada como uma oportunidade para inovação e sustentabilidade. A metodologia empregada envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo em grandes varejistas do segmento de material de construção para identificar as principais necessidades dos consumidores. Como resultado, propôs-se uma embalagem flexível monomaterial com impressão electron-beam, fechamento zip lock, alça 3 dedos e quantidade reduzida para 5 kg. Essa nova abordagem de embalagem busca oferecer benefícios como praticidade, ergonomia e sustentabilidade, atendendo às expectativas dos consumidores-alvo e contribuindo para uma maior eficiência e sustentabilidade no mercado de materiais de construção.
X-ray computed tomography to observe the presence of water in macropores of cementitious materials
Authors: Rossi Emanuele , Governo Susanna , Shakoorioskooie Mahdieh , Zhan Qianru , Mundra Shishir , Mannes David , Kaestner Anders , Angst Ueli
Published: April 2024

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a common degradation mechanism occurring in infrastructures worldwide. Even though extensive research has been conducted over the last decades to accurately predict the influence of steel corrosion on concrete durability, a comprehensive understanding of several micro-scale processes simultaneously involved in the corrosion mechanism is still lacking. The application of X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) can contribute to elucidate these processes, since this technique allows observing the internal status of specimens non-destructively, over time, and with a spatial resolution in the range of µm. Nevertheless, the relatively low sensitivity of light elements (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen) to X-ray CT may hinder the observation of solution within the cementitious matrix. This consideration is discussed in this letter. The results of this study show that the detection of solution in macropores (e.g., air voids) through X-ray CT is not limited by the relatively low attenuation coefficient of the fluid per se, but more by the spatial resolution at which acquisitions are performed and by the dimensions of the porous volume where solution penetrates. The observations reported in this letter may open several opportunities to further study the influence of the moisture conditions of air voids on several degradation mechanisms of reinforced cementitious materials (e.g., steel corrosion, freeze-thaw damage), which have been rarely investigated with X-ray CT according to the literature. The application of these findings could significantly deepen the understanding of several micro- scale processes that affect the durability of reinforced cementitious materials which still need to be elucidated, as further discussed in the present letter.
Judicial Review, Plural Weighted Voting, and Democracy
Authors: Borgebund Harald , Matravers Matt
Published: April 2024

This paper examines an important argument that has received little attention despite its wide implications. This is the claim that judicial review can be equated with plural weighted voting (PwV) because both are justified as instruments to achieve better outcomes, and both violate political equality. We take this argument to be a reductio: given that plural voting is unacceptable, judicial review must be rejected. If correct, this claim threatens to undermine much recent liberal democratic theorising. We argue that none of the obvious routes to distinguish judicial review from PwV offer a convincing way to distinguish these two schemes. Furthermore, this has important implications for how we should understand judicial review. The result is thus significant not only for the particular issues mentioned, but also for our understanding of the role instrumental justifications play in democratic theory.
Vermaatschappelijkte zorg en burgerparticipatie
Authors: Waeterloos Cato , De Meulenaere Jonas
Published: April 2024

“De eigen, vertrouwde omgeving zolang het kan; formele, geïnstitutionaliseerde zorg wanneer het moet”. Binnen dit beleid, is een steeds grotere rol weggelegd voor digitale platformen. Hoewel deze een unieke omgeving vormen waar ondersteuning spontaan kan groeien, blijft er een centrale rol weggelegd voor formele zorginstellingen en de politiek.
Mercator in het Noordpoolgebied
Authors: Fias Mona
Published: April 2024

Gerard Mercator’s wereldkaart uit 1569 is tot op vandaag het wereldbeeld van velen. Zijn projectiemethode werd populair binnen de zeevaart omdat richting behoud blijft. Daar tegenover staat echter dat grootte niet accuraat is. Gebieden in het uiterste noorden en zuiden zijn disproportioneel veel groter afgebeeld tot een oneindige uitrekking van de polen zelf. Als oplossing voegde hij in 1606 een apart kaartje van de noordpool toe in een hoekje van zijn oorspronkelijke wereldkaart. Echter, tot 1909 had niemand een voet op de noordpool gezet, dus hoe heeft Mercator deze kaart gecreëerd?
The Experience of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment Across Common Cancers: Protocol for a Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Ibrar Maryam , Rai Harleen Kaur , Main Ashleigh , McCartney Haruno , Maguire Roma , Rodriguez Mario Alfredo Parra
Published: April 2024

Background

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly experienced by patients with cancer during treatment, and 35% of patients experience cognitive impairment after treatment completion. Impairments in memory, attention, executive functioning, and information processing speed are most reported and often negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life (QoL). Despite the large scale of reports, this adverse side effect is underinvestigated across common cancer types, and there is a lack of insight into the CRCI experience.

Objective

This qualitative synthesis aims to explore the evidence in relation to the experience of CRCI across common cancers. It also aims to understand the prevalence of CRCI across various cancer types, cognitive domains, and its impact on QoL and functional ability.

Methods

A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus, will be conducted. A total of 2 independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by full-text screening. A third reviewer will resolve any arising conflicts in the process of data screening and inclusion. Subsequently, data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool will be conducted. The results will be analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

This review is part of a PhD program funded in January 2023. The review commenced in June 2023, and data analysis is currently in progress. The qualitative synthesis will explore the experiences of CRCI across common cancers. The included studies are expected to report on numerous cancer types such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and lung cancer. The included study types are most likely to be interviews, focus groups, and surveys with qualitative components.

Conclusions

This protocol highlights the need for a qualitative synthesis that will explore the experience of CRCI across common cancer types. It will provide valuable insight into the lived experience of CRCI and the cognitive domains that may be disproportionately affected. There is a growing demand for further management interventions and clinically tested treatments of CRCI and the qualitative exploration of patient experience is crucial for their development. This qualitative synthesis will inform future developments and will contribute to improving QoL after cancer.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/56888
Comparison of Self-Tracking Health Practices, eHealth Literacy, and Subjective Well-Being Between College Students With and Without Disabilities: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Choi Soyoung
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

College students with disabilities need to transition from pediatric-centered care to adult care. However, they may become overwhelmed by multiple responsibilities, such as academic activities, peer relationships, career preparation, job seeking, independent living, as well as managing their health and promoting healthy behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

As the use of smartphones and wearable devices for collecting personal health data becomes popular, this study aimed to compare the characteristics of self-tracking health practices between college students with disabilities and their counterparts. In addition, this study examined the relationships between disability status, self-tracking health practices, eHealth literacy, and subjective well-being among college students.

METHODS

The web-based questionnaire was designed using Qualtrics for the cross-sectional online survey. The survey data were collected from February 2023 to April 2023 and included responses from 702 participants.

RESULTS

More than 80% (563/702, 80.2%) of the respondents participated voluntarily in self-tracking health practices. College students with disabilities (n=83) showed significantly lower levels of eHealth literacy and subjective well-being compared with college students without disabilities (n=619). The group with disabilities reported significantly lower satisfaction (t411=–5.97, P<.001) and perceived efficacy (t411=–4.85, P<.001) when using smartphone health apps and wearable devices. Finally, the study identified a significant correlation between subjective well-being in college students and disability status (β=3.81, P<.001), self-tracking health practices (β=2.22, P=.03), and eHealth literacy (β=24.29, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Given the significant relationships among disability status, self-tracking health practices, eHealth literacy, and subjective well-being in college students, it is recommended to examine their ability to leverage digital technology for self-care. Offering learning opportunities to enhance eHealth literacy and self-tracking health strategies within campus environments could be a strategic approach to improve the quality of life and well-being of college students.
Time Efficiency, Reliability, and User Satisfaction of the Tooth Memo App for Recording Oral Health Information: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Detsomboonrat Palinee , Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantuwadee
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Digitalizing oral health data through an app can help manage the extensive data obtained through oral health surveys. The Tooth Memo app collects data from oral health surveys and personal health information.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the evaluate the time efficiency, reliability, and user satisfaction of the Tooth Memo app.

METHODS

There are 2 sections in the Tooth Memo app: oral health survey and personal oral health record. For the oral health survey section of the Tooth Memo app, different data entry methods were compared and user satisfaction was evaluated. Fifth-year dental students had access to the oral health survey section in the Tooth Memo app during their clinical work. The time required for data entry, analysis, and summary of oral health survey data by 3 methods, that is, pen-and-paper (manual), Tooth Memo app on iOS device, and Tooth Memo app on Android device were compared among 3 data recorders who entered patients’ information on decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index and community periodontal index (CPI), which were read aloud from the database of 103 patients by another dental personnel. The interobserver reliability of the 3 different data-entering procedures was evaluated by percent disagreement and kappa statistic values. Laypeople had access to the personal oral health record section of this app, and their satisfaction was evaluated through a Likert scale questionnaire. The satisfaction assessments for both sections of the Tooth Memo app involved the same set of questions on the app design, usage, and overall satisfaction.

RESULTS

Of the 103 dental records on DMFT and CPI, 5.2% (177/3399) data points were missing in the manual data entries, but no data on tooth status were missing in the Android and iOS methods. Complete CPI information was provided by all 3 methods. Transferring data from paper to computer took an average of 55 seconds per case. The manual method required 182 minutes more than the iOS or Android methods to clean the missing data and transfer and analyze the tooth status data of 103 patients. The users, that is, 109 fifth-year dental students and 134 laypeople, expressed high satisfaction with using the Tooth Memo app. The overall satisfaction with the oral health survey ranged between 3 and 10, with an average (SD) of 7.86 (1.46). The overall satisfaction with the personal oral health record ranged between 4 and 10, with an average (SD) of 8.09 (1.28).

CONCLUSIONS

The Tooth Memo app was more efficacious than manual data entry for collecting data of oral health surveys. Dental personnel as well as general users reported high satisfaction when using this app.
To evaluate trends in weather variables in Haryana using Mann Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator
Authors: Amanpreet Amanpreet , Anurag Anurag
Published: April 2024

Over the 35-year period from 1985 to 2020, an extensive analysis of rainfall and temperature trends across several cities in Haryana, including Hisar, Rewari, Ambala, Karnal, and Rohtak, was conducted. Hisar exhibited a significant yearly increase in May rainfall, while the monsoon season showed a non-significant decreasing trend. Rewari experienced notable rises in March rainfall but insignificant changes during monsoon, while Ambala saw an overall decrease in rainfall, particularly in September. Karnal indicated significant January rainfall increases but insignificant changes during monsoon. Rohtak displayed noteworthy reductions in February and August rainfall but insignificant changes during monsoon. Temperature trends varied across cities, with consistent increases observed in minimum temperatures and sporadic changes in maximum temperatures. Understanding these patterns is crucial for evaluating regional climate variations and devising appropriate adaptation strategies. This comprehensive research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between rainfall and temperature dynamics, offering essential information for policymakers and stakeholders tasked with addressing climate change challenges in the Haryana region.
BIHEVIORISTIČKO PRAVO I EKONOMIJA (BEHAVIORAL LAW AND ECONOMICS)
Authors: Mihajlović Aleksandar
Published: April 2024

The book Behavioral Law and Economics. co-authored by Eyal Zamir and Doron Teichman, was originally published in English by Oxford University Press in 2018.[1] In this book review, we will focus on  the Serbian translation of this monumental work in the field of behavioral law and economics.[2] This book is part of a corpus of books published within the ERASMUS+ project “Public Policy Making and Analysis (PPMA)”, which was funded by the European Commission and aimed at lifelong learning in the field of public policies in Serbia.[1] Eyal Zamir, Doron Teichman. (2018). Behavioral Law and Economics. Oxford University Press.[2] Ejal Zamir, Doron Tajhman. (2022). Biheviorističko pravo i ekonomija, [Behavioral Law and Economics], Dosije studio Beograd, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, SeCons–grupa za razvojnu inicijativu, Beograd (662 str.).
Poder soberano: remanentes señoriales de América Latina
Authors: Cueva Perus Marcos Agustín
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo muestra bajo qué forma subsisten en América Latina remanentes de una conciencia señorial que corresponde a la “soberanía” de Foucault y no a un biopoder más reciente. A partir de lo sugerido por el filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga, se desentrañan los resortes de esta conciencia, heredada de la Conquista, y se muestran algunas similitudes con la conciencia prusiana e igualmente, si bien limitadas, con resortes comunitarios de la Alemania nacionalsocialista, no ajena al “espíritu” jerárquico de Prusia. Se muestra, a partir de estas similitudes, cómo se trata de una forma de conciencia que, dada la “inversión de valores” descrita por Uranga, no considera que deba rendir cuentas ni hacerse responsable socialmente de sus actos, al mismo tiempo que no se individualiza habida cuenta del peso comunitario. En estas condiciones, se aportan numerosos ejemplos que llevan a pensar en remanentes propiamente precapitalistas en México y América Latina.
Los maestros durante el cardenismo. Entre operadores de escritura e intelectuales locales
Authors: Rivera Mir Sebastián
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo analiza las prácticas y experiencias de los maestros mexicanos durante el cardenismo. A partir de un diálogo con la actual historiografía latinoamericana sobre los intelectuales, se problematizan tres ejes particulares de estos profesores: su relación con la cultura impresa, su concepción del compromiso militante y, finalmente, las ambigüedades de sus proyectos políticos. En última instancia, el artículo busca actualizar los debates que han puesto a los maestros en el centro de la articulación entre el Estado y los actores sociales a ras de suelo. Esto también pretende contribuir a las discusiones que se han establecido en el continente en torno a la configuración de los intelectuales en contextos revolucionarios.
Rice Leaf Disease Detection using Deep Learning
Authors: Bhanu Mrs. J. Sasi , Mayukha E. , Shriya S. , Vineeth K.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A wide range of bacterial, viral, or fungal diseases can damage rice leaves, significantly reducing rice yield. Finding the causes of rice ailments in the leaves is essential to feeding the world's massive population. However, the recognition of rice leaf rot depends on the settings and background of the image capture. Convolutional neural network (CNN) driven model is one of the most popular study topics in rice leaf disease detection. However, the existing CNN-based models only learn large network parameters and perform much worse in terms of recognition rates on different datasets. In order to detect rice leaf illnesses, we lower the network parameters and introduce a unique CNN-based method in this research. Using a special dataset of 4199 images ofrice leaf diseases, multiple CNN-based models are trained to identify five common rice leaf diseases. The recommended model achieves the best levels of 99.78% training accuracy and 97.35% validation accuracy. An independent set of pictures of rice leaf disease is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, yielding the highest accuracy of 97.82% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99. Additionally, based on binary classification trials, our proposed model achieves identification rates of 97%, 96%, 96%, 93%, and 95% for Blast, Brown spot, Bacterial Leaf Blight, Sheath Blight, and Turgor, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach over the most sophisticated CNN-based algorithms for recognizing rice leaf
Unlocking Security Risks: Exploring Vulnerabilities in Software-Defined Radio with RTL-SDR
Authors: Reddy Reddyvari Venkateswara , Karthik Akkireddy Venkata , Kulsum Ayesha , Seethala Pasnoor
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study illustrates potential avenues for exploitation by utilizing RTL-SDR dongles to reveal Software-Defined Radio's (SDR) vulnerabilities. Using replay attacks, the study reveals the weakness of car key unlocking techniques, concentrating on static codes. The study also shows how RTL-SDR, in conjunction with SDR++ software, may use to intercept communications, posing major privacy concerns and enabling one to listen in on walkie-talkietalks. These findings demonstrate how urgently security measures are required to reduce the risks associated with RTL-SDR exploitation in a variety of industries. As the field of technology advances, the study advances our knowledge of potential threats in wireless communication systems and it emphasizes the security implementations to safeguard against unauthorized access and misuse.
Cyberattack Analysis, Detection and Prevention using Machine Learning
Authors: Ranjane Gayatri Dattatraya , Joshi Vishwa Hiteshkumar , Singhal Priyanshi Lokesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In today's linked world, with the increase of cyberattacks, it is critical to have strong detection and prevention systems. This study presents an advanced approach utilizing both machine learning and deep learning algorithms for cyberattack detection and prevention. The UNSW-NB15 dataset, renowned for its comprehensive representation of diverse cyber threats, serves as the foundation for experimentation and evaluation. Several algorithms such as Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, boosting algorithms, Artificial neural networks, Support vector machine are employed where the comparative analysis focuses on evaluating the efficiency of each algorithm in terms of recall, precision, and accuracy metrics. This study enhances the development of cybersecurity defense tactics by offering valuable perspectives on the efficacy of different machine learning methods in predicting cyberattacks. Experimental findings indicate that the boosting algorithm strategy is capable of identifying and preventing cyber threats with an accuracy rate of 94%.
AGENDAS INVESTIGATIVAS DE LIDERAZGO EN EDUCACIÓN: UNA PANORÁMICA DESDE LA INVESTIGACIÓN PUBLICADA EN DIFERENTES REVISTAS
Authors: Marzuka-Nassr Nabil
Published: April 2024

Para este estudio se utilizó la idea de agenda de investigación propuesta por Llinares (2008): “conjunto de investigaciones de un determinado ámbito formado por una problemática específica, aunque sea abordada desde referentes teóricos distintos y que pueden determinar niveles de atención más concretos” (p.8). El estudio analiza las agendas de investigación referidas a liderazgo en educación, en foco de la temática investigativa, los métodos y las preguntas de investigación. El propósito de este artículo es responder la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cuáles son los ámbitos de mayor interés de ser investigados en el área de liderazgo en educación? Desde un enfoque mixto se analiza un corpus de 201 resúmenes de artículos, de tres revistas especializadas (dos en inglés y una en español), publicados entre 2015-2022 que fueron recuperados desde la base de datos Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo. Los resultados establecen siete agendas de investigación: comunidad profesional de aprendizaje, liderazgo docente, liderazgo distribuido, liderazgo pedagógico, liderazgo escolar/directivo, liderazgo y gestión educativa y liderazgo y género, siendo el liderazgo escolar/directivo el más frecuente.
How Chaos Theory Brings Order to the Evolution of Intelligence
Authors: Hoggard Nicholas
Published: April 2024

This study investigates links between human evolution, information transmission processes, and Chaos Theory, revealing a mathematical pattern underlying evolutionary milestones. By examining the timing of new methods of information transmission, the research confirms a suspected correlation with the Feigenbaum constant δ, a universal factor in Chaos Theory and also found in complex systems. This pattern is prominent in cultural evolution but also extends to biological evolution, as well as to the evolution of written language, suggesting a predictable framework for understanding the progression of complexity in life. The study incorporates findings from various disciplines, including cognitive science, archaeology, and nonlinear dynamics, providing evidence that our development, while it may be random in most aspects, is deterministic in the way complexity grows steadily and evolves information transmission of increasing sophistication. This multidisciplinary approach offers new insights into the links between chaos, complexity, and information, and their role in driving the evolution of intelligent life.