bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Reality in Modern Surgical and Interventional Practice: Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Vervoorn Mats T , Wulfse Maaike , Van Doormaal Tristan P C , Ruurda Jelle P , Van der Kaaij Niels P , De Heer Linda M
Published: November 2022

Background

Mixed reality (MR) and its potential applications have gained increasing interest within the medical community over the recent years. The ability to integrate virtual objects into a real-world environment within a single video-see-through display is a topic that sparks imagination. Given these characteristics, MR could facilitate preoperative and preinterventional planning, provide intraoperative and intrainterventional guidance, and aid in education and training, thereby improving the skills and merits of surgeons and residents alike.

Objective

In this narrative review, we provide a broad overview of the different applications of MR within the entire spectrum of surgical and interventional practice and elucidate on potential future directions.

Methods

A targeted literature search within the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed regarding the application of MR within surgical and interventional practice. Studies were included if they met the criteria for technological readiness level 5, and as such, had to be validated in a relevant environment.

Results

A total of 57 studies were included and divided into studies regarding preoperative and interventional planning, intraoperative and interventional guidance, as well as training and education.

Conclusions

The overall experience with MR is positive. The main benefits of MR seem to be related to improved efficiency. Limitations primarily seem to be related to constraints associated with head-mounted display. Future directions should be aimed at improving head-mounted display technology as well as incorporation of MR within surgical microscopes, robots, and design of trials to prove superiority.
Isolation and identification of the antagonistic bacteria against Xanthomonas spp. causing the leaf spot from Rosa spp.
Authors: Le Uyen Thanh
Published: November 2022

Three out of 203 bacterial isolates showed high antagonistic activity by in vitro screening against three strains of Xanthomonas spp. causing leaf spots from Rosa spp.. Antagonistic bacteria were collected from the rhizosphere substrate of potted rose in Sa Dec Flower Village of Dong Thap province, Viet Nam. While three pathogen strains of Xanthomonas spp. were stored at the Biochemistry Laboratory of Biotechnology Research and Development Institute of Can Tho university. Three effective isolates were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Using MALDI-TOF, these antagonistic bacteria belong to Bacillus genera. The amplification of 16S rDNA gene was performed using 27F and 1492R primers. The nucleotide sequences of this gene were aligned using the GenBank database and BLAST-N program from the NCBI site. The isolates identity of BR16, BR37, and BR88 shared the highest similarity values in turn with Bacillus velezensis MN160320 (99.11%), Bacillus subtilis MN493770 (99.11%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KX871898 (99.41%). These Bacillus isolates were designed Bacillus velezensis MW677565 (from BR16), B. subtilis MW828613 (from BR37), B. amyloliquefaciens MW828656 (from BR88). These isolates have shown the ability to fight phytopathogenic bacteria of rose plants in Dong Thap of Viet Nam.
Mastitis di Jawa Barat, Indonesia: Etiologi dan Opsi Pencegahan
Authors: Windria Sarasati , Cahyadi Adi Imam , Wiraswati Hesti Lina , Ramadhanti Julia , Wismandanu Okta , Madani Hasna Aldisa , Larasati Savira Azhari
Published: November 2022

Mastitis is Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder. Mastitis is mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria both bacterial and yeast. The purpose of this review is to describe the ecology and epidemiology of mastitis prevalent in West Java and to propose control options that may be suitable for the West Java situation. The review was conducted using published papers about mastitis in West Java and government documentation. We determined that the major classification mastitis in West Java are clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis. We also determined that the major pathogens agent of mastitis both clinical and subclinical mastitis are bacteriology and mycology agent. Education of farmers is an important part of any control program. The ecology and epidemiology of mastitis in West Java are still largely not understood. Future studies should be aimed at the evaluation of the proposed methods of disease control, an understanding of the impact of mastitis infection on dairy production in West Java and the role of the movement of dairy cattle products into and among regions in West Java.
Serotype Specific Sequence for Multi Test Line Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Development
Authors: Hendarta Narendra Yoga , Kusumawati Asmarani , Wibawa Tri , Aman Abu Tholib
Published: November 2022

Dengue virus that causes dengue fever and dengue shock syndrome has 4 different serotypes. Serotyping is needed for diagnosing and surveillance activities of disease spreaders. Recently, the Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow (NALF) method has been developed to confirm the results of easy amplification without complicated equipment. The aim of this study was designing capture probe for serotyping dengue virus (DENV) using NALF method. We have conducted an analytical study to obtain four specific sequences of Dengue Virus serotypes to develop serotipe specific NALF. Several parameters were used to analyzed Dengue genome sequences i.e % GC content, target homology, length of 100% homology continue of non-specific bases, hybridization temperature, and secondary structure to estimate the probe's capture capability in the hybridization reaction. The capture probes were applied to NALF and assayed using single strand DNA sample to check its performance. The result of four specific sequence capture probes, DENV1, 2, 3, 4 were CACCAGGGGAAGCTGTACCCTGGTGGT, GTGAGATGAAGCTGTAGTCTCACTGG, GCACTGAGGGAAGCTGTACCTCCTTGCA, AGCCAGGAGGAAGCTGTACTTCTGGTGG. Application to fabricated NALF gave no cross hybridization with high stringency buffer assay.Keywords : capture probe; dengue virus;  hybridization; nucleic acid lateral flow; serotyping
Penyakit Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) : Etiologi, Epidemiologi, Patogenesis, Gejala Klinis, Diagnosis, Pengobatan dan Pencegahan
Authors: Widianingrum Desy Cahya , Prakoso Satrio Adi , Rohma Mila Riskiatul , Hunafah Muhammad Faza , Iqbal Muhammad , Yusantoro Dhimas
Published: November 2022

Agen penyebab penyakit Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) berasal dari bakteri Mycoplasma gallisepticum yang menginfeksi saluran pernapasan pada ternak unggas seperti ayam, itik, angsa, entok, kalkun, burung dara, dan lain-lain. Faktor yang dapat memperburuk terjadinya infeksi penyakit ini yakni umur ternak, jenis kelamin, stres, dan lingkungan. Infeksi bakteri ini lebih rentan pada ayam yang berumur muda dan ayam betina dibandingkan dengan ayam dewasa dan ayam jantan. Gejala klinis dari penyakit ini yaitu terdengarnya suara ngorok pada ayam di malam hari, keluarnya catarrhal dari rongga hidung, batuk, radang conjunctiva, dan bersin. Masa penyakit CRD berkisar antara 4 - 21 hari dan mudah menular. Metode uji laboratrium untuk mengidentifikasi pemeriksaan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri Mycoplasma gallispeticum di kandang diantarnya uji seroligi seperti HI (Hemaglutination Inhibition Test), RSA (Rapid Serum Aglutination Test), maupun ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). Kejadian penyakit CRD hingga saat ini yang masih ditemukan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia menyebabkan kerugian bagi peternak. Kerugian ekonomis akibat penyakit ini dapat diminimalisir dengan pengetahuan peternak akan pentingnya program biosekuriti yang harus diterapkan secara konsisten, serta peningkatan imunitas ternak seperti vaksinasi serta penggunaan antimikroba yang aman dan tidak menimbulkan residu.
Improve the Performances of Broilers as Reduce Heat Stress by the Supplementation Jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) in Drinking Water
Authors: Zulfan Zulfan , Sugito Sugito , Fitri Cut Aida , Latif Herawati , Murdani Khairul
Published: November 2022

Abstrak Pencegahan dampak cekaman panas pada ayam broiler dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian ekstrak tanaman yang juga berguna dalam pengembangan obat-obat tradisional sebagai alternatif pengurangan penggunaan bahan-bahan kimiawi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performan ayam broiler yang diberikan ekstrak daun jaloh melalui air minum. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP), Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Sebanyak 80 ekor anak ayam broiler strain MB 202 produksi PT Japfa, Medan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Perlakuan adalah suplementasi ekstrak daun jaloh melalui air minum pada dosis 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ml/l air. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Blok terdiri 4 perlakuan dan 4 blok. Tiap blok merupakan eksperimental unit yang masing-masing ditempati 5 ekor ayam. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), suplementasi ekstrak daun jaloh di dalam air minum cenderung meningkatkan performan ayam broiler. Berat badan akhir, konsumsi ransum, dan konsumsi air minum meningkat sedangkan FCR menurun. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun jaloh melalui air minum dapat menurunkan cekaman panas dan kematian ayam broiler dengan penggunaan terbaik pada pengenceran 1000 ml /l water air. Kata kunci: Jaloh; leaf, ekstrak, broiler, performan  Abstract Prevent heat stress in broilers has been optionally created by using plants as starting points for drug development, specifically those used in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of broiler chickens raised by offering jaloh leaf extract (JLE) through drinking water. The research has been conducted at the Field Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Animal Husbandry Department, Syiah Kuala University. As many as 80 broiler chicks strain MB 202 produced by PT Japfa, Medan were used in this study. The treatment was supplementation JLE within drinking water at a dose of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ml/l of water, respectively. The research was performed into a Block Randomized Design (RBD), consisting of 4 treatments and 4 blocks. Each block was an experimental unit, each of which was placed by 5 chickens. The results of study indicated that although statistically no significant differences were detected (P>0.05) supplementation of JLE through drinking water had tendency to improve the performances of broilers. Final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake. and drinking water intake increased and FCR decreased. It was concluded that giving JLE through drinking water could minimize heat stress and reduce the mortality of broilers with the best provision of JLE at the level of 1000 ml /l water.Key words: Jaloh; leaf, extract, broiler, performances
Faktor Risiko Potensial terhadap Canine Leptospirosis di Ragunan Animal Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Retnowati Ambar , Indrawati Agustin , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , . Safika , Wibowo Pratitis S , Noor Susan M
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Leptospira sp. which causes infection in animals and humans. Dogs infected with leptospirosis showed symptoms such as anorexia, fever, vomiting, weakness, diarrhea and often experience yellowing of the eye area and mucosa around the mouth (icteric) with fatal systemic complications and multi-organ dysfunction, especially in the kidneys and liver. Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Jakarta. This study aims to identify risk factors that can contribute to canine mortality based on early clinical symptoms that are found when the dog is in an animal health service facility such as a veterinary clinic, veterinary hospital or independent practice veterinarian. Method were used in this study is clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations and medical records of dogs with suspected leptospirosis. Criteria inclusion were based on aspects of the clinical symptoms of dogs in and around Jakarta. Analysis data used the chi-square with confidence of interval (CI) 95%. Dogs used during the study had ages for puppies (less than 1 year) totaling 13 or 32.50%, for adult dogs over 1 year amounted to 27 or 67.50%, 80% male dogs and 20% female. with 80% maintenance system not housed by the owner. Risk factors for clinical symptoms such as myalgia, symptomatic vomiting of the pulmonary area or shortness of breath and abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, anorexia and diarrhea contributed to the high mortality rate leptospirosis during study in dogs 2020.
Microbiological Quality of Milk Flavored Ready to Drink and Hygiene Practice of Street Vendors
Authors: Pisestyani Herwin , Ivania Irena , Wicaksono Ardilasunu , Lukman Denny Widaya , Sudarwanto Mirnawati
Published: November 2022

Milk products consumption has become a new trend of healthy lifestyle among students in order to meet appropriate daily nutrients. This study was aimed to measure the total number of microbes found in milk drinks sold around the IPB Dramaga and Cilibende and to determine factors that influence it. Samples were collected from 13 milk vendors within radius of 2 kilometers from outermost point of campus and taken with 3 repetitions. Calculation of the total number of microbes was done by using the plate count method in accordance with SNI 2897-2008 about testing method of microbial contamination in meat, eggs, and milk, as well as processed products and SNI 01-6366-2000 about the maximum limit of microbial contamination in food. Risk factors’ data was taken by interviewing milk drinks seller using structured questionnaire. Factors that influenced microbial contamination were analyzed using Chi-Square test. The results showed that 74.4% of milk drinks samples had a high total number of microbes. The average total number of microbes in Dramaga and Cilibende samples was 1.0 x 105 ± 1.4 x 105 cfu / ml and 1.1 x 107 ± 1.2 x 107 cfu/ml. The total number of microbes are significantly influenced (p<0.05) by equipments used, the cleanliness of the equipment, the cleanliness of the table, washing hands practice, and the distance from the crowd. The high number of microbial contamination in milk drinks could damage the quality of milk and shorten the shelf life.
Subdermal Silicone and Collagen Injection Effect on the Skin of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the Third Day After Injection
Authors: Viary Janice , Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari
Published: November 2022

Collagen and silicone are substances commonly used as dermal filler in a number of beauty procedures. However, sometimes these chemicals cause unwanted side effects on the skin. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effect of collagen and silicone subdermal injection on rat skin as a model for human skin. Materials in this research are 9 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into three groups with a number of 3 rats in each group. The first control group (K) is not given any injections, while KI and KII are injected with 0,1 ml collagen and 0,1 ml silicone respectively. On the third day, all groups are observed for macroscopic changes. Skin samples are taken by necropsy and are made into slides using HE stain. All procedures done are approved by the ethics commission of LLPT, UGM, Yogyakarta with the certificate number 00024/04/LPPT/V/2019. The slides are observed under a microscope with 20x and 40x magnification. Any microscopic changes are noted, also epidermis and dermis lengths are measured. Mild hyperkeratosis, inflammation and proliferation of connective tissue are found. The measurements of the  epidermis and dermis are analysed using T-test independent method in the program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS). The mean length of the epidermis is a little thicker than normal but is not significant (P>0,05). The results of this research show that the subdermal injection of 0,1 ml collagen and 0,1 ml silicone on rats do not cause significant macroscopic or microscopic changes.
Perbandingan Perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap Keragaman dan Dinamika Populasi Stomoxys spp. pada Peternakan Sapi Perah di Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Kusumastuti Shabrina Riztia , Prastowo Joko , Nurcahyo Raden Wisnu
Published: November 2022

Stomoxys spp. merupakan salah satu vektor penting penularan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh berbagai virus, bakteri dan heminth. Infestasi Stomoxys calcitrans pada sapi perah dapat meningkatkan kortisol, menyebabkan gangguan makan, kegelisahan, hingga berkurangnya bobot badan dan produksi susu. Perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi dapat digunakan sebagai perangkap Stomoxys spp. yang mengalami fluktuasi populasi sepanjang tahun pada musim tertentu dan dipengaruhi oleh iklim, suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya serta adanya zat atraktan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efikasi dan efektivitas perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap dinamika populasi dan keragaman spesies Stomoxys spp. yang terperangkap. Pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 12 jam (06.00-18.00) dengan menggunakan perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi yang dipasang berjarak 50 meter setiap perangkapnya, 3-5 meter dari kandang pada peternakan sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga spesies yang dapat teridentifikasi selama Maret-November yaitu Stomoxys calcitrans (97,41%), Stomoxys sitiens (1,98%) dan Stomoxys indicus (0,60%). Puncak populasi Stomoxys spp. terjadi pada bulan September saat memasuki awal musim hujan dan puncak aktivitas harian Stomoxys spp. pada pukul 14.00-15.00 yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas di peternakan. Hasil uji normalitas data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov dan uji homogenitas data memiliki nilai signifikansi p>0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan data berdistribusi dan bervariasi normal. Pada hasil uji t, didapatkan nilai signifikansi pada masing-masing parameter uji p<0,05 (0,005 dan 0,01), sehingga ada perbedaan penggunaan perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap jumlah lalat yang terperangkap.
Farmers' Characteristics Associations with the Knowledge for Sheep Estrus Detection in Batur Village, Banjarnegara, Indonesia
Authors: Ibrahim Alek , Artama Wayan Tunas , Widayanti Rini , Atmoko Bayu Andri , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Larasati Dyah Ayu
Published: November 2022

The accuracy of the estrus detection was important in sheep breeding management. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the farmers’ characteristics and the knowledge on estrus detection of their sheep. The data were collected by interviewing 33 farmers, who have raised sheep with a breeding system for at least two years of experience in Batur Village, Banjarnegara, Indonesia. The farmers’ knowledge for estrus detection was divided into three-level, namely low, medium, and high levels. The results showed that the farmers’ knowledge for estrus detection was 51.5%, 27.3%, and 21.2% on the low, medium, and high levels, respectively. There was a significant relationship between formal education, informal education, number of sheep, the sheepfold position, stay duration in the sheepfold, and the ram ownership for mating toward knowledge of estrus detection level. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between farmer characteristics in Batur Village and the ability to detect estrus in ewes, which is dominated at low levels, so it is necessary to increase farmers' knowledge regarding estrus detection.
Identifikasi Tipe Dehidrasi dan Profil Elektrolit Mayor pada Pasien Kucing di Rumah Sakit Hewan Prof. Soeparwi dan Beberapa Klinik Hewan di Wilayah Yogyakarta
Authors: Mulyani Guntari Titik , Budhi Setyo , . Kurnia
Published: November 2022

Dehydration is defined as a lack of body fluids followed by loss of electrolytes, and changes in acid-base balance. The type of dehydration is limited based on the concentration of sodium in serum at the time of dehydration. Maintenance of osmotic pressure and distribution of several compartments of body fluids are the main functions of the four major electrolytes, namely sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), chloride (Cl‾), and bicarbonate (HCO3‾). Sodium is the most cation in extracellular fluid, most potassium cation in intracellular fluid and chloride is the most anion in extracellular fluid. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of dehydration and to determine the major electrolyte profile in cats in Yogyakarta and its surroundings. This study used 18 sick cats that were thought to be dehydrated, marked by decreased skin turgor, CRT> 2 seconds, and 12 cats that were suspected of having electrolyte balance disorders with symptoms of ascites, uropoetic disorders. Blood was drawn for all cats to measure Pack Cells Volume (PCV) levels. Patient clinical data and patient diagnosis were recorded, cats with changes in serum PCV levels were separated for examination of levels of sodium, chloride, potassium using Seamaty SMT-120V. The type of dehydration is identified based on the sodium level in the serum of a dehydrated cat. The results showed that most of the cat patients were dehydrated had low serum sodium levels (hyponatremia). There was 1 cat patient had low chloride levels. Potassium levels in cats with UT obstruction increased, which led to a decrease in the Na: K ratio. Cat bicarbonate levels did not show any change. From the results of the study it was concluded that dehydration in cats at Prof. Soeparwi is hypotonic dehydration (71%). The sodium profile mostly decreased, chloride and bicarbonate levels did not change, while there were changes in potassium levels in patients with UT disorders. The advice given is to check electrolytes before doing fluid therapy. Prior to electrolyte testing, dehydrated cats can be given a sodium solution.
In Vitro Anthelmintic Areca catechu Crude Aqueous Extract Against Haemonchus contortus in The Sheep
Authors: Cahyani Annisa Putri , Widiarso Budi Purwo , - Supriyanto , Mubarokah Wida Wahidah
Published: November 2022

Haemonchosis is a gastrointestinal parasitic disease in sheep caused by Haemonchus contortus. The biggest economic losses due to this disease are mortality, decreased production, stunted growth, and low body weight. The existence of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics causes the development of research on alternative treatments to herbal anthelmintics to be a strategic step. This study aims to analyze the effect of Areca catechu on Haemonchus contortus in vitro so that the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC 50) can be determined. This study was divided into 9 groups. Group I was treated with 2.5% A. catechu crude aqueous extract; group II was treated with 5% of A. catechu crude aqueous extract; group III was treated with 7.5% A. catechu crude aqueous extract; group IV was treated with 10% of A. catechu crude aqueous extract; group V was treated with 12.5% A. catechu crude aqueous extract; group VI was treated with 15% A. catechu crude aqueous extract; Group VII was treated with 17.5% A. catechu crude aqueous extract, group VIII was a negative control (0.9% NaCl) and group IX was a positive control (Albendazole). The mortality of H. contortus was recorded every hour until the worm mortality was 100%. The results were then analyzed using the Reed and Muench method. Based on the in vitro test of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract against H.contortus it can cause mortality in worms with an Lethal Concentration 50 (LC 50) calculation result of 11.11%.
Identifikasi Mikroba dari Lendir Estrus dan Deteksi Kebuntingan Sapi Kawin Berulang di Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Prihatno Surya Agus , Samik Abdul , Astuti Dea Indriani , Agil Muhammad , Afiff Usamah , Renggaman Anriansyah , Setiadi Dedi Rahmat , Adi Yosua Kristian
Published: November 2022

Repeat breeding is condition of cows that have normal or near normal estrous cycles but fail to become pregnant after several insemination. In this study, we investigated the microbes in the cervical and vaginal mucus of beef cattle and dairy cows that experience repeat breeding and detected the pregnancy after the third or more artificial insemination. A total of 14 beef cattle and 6 dairy cows that experience repeat breeding in the cattle herd in the Yogyakarta region of Indonesia were used as samples in this study. Cervical and vaginal mucus samples were collected using plastic sheet when the cow was re-estrus. The samples were put into the 5 ml Brain Heart Infusion Broth for bacterial isolation and identification. Pregnancy examination was carried out on day 45 after artificial insemination using ultrasound method. Bacteria that could be isolated and identified from cervical mucus and vaginal mucus of beef cattle and dairy cows included Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas sp. Some cows detected positive in pregnancy examination even though the bacteria were presence in the cervical and/or vaginal mucus. There was various composition of bacteria found in the cervical mucus and vaginal mucus, of beef cattle and dairy cows with repeat breeding in livestock groups in Yogyakarta. The presence of bacterial in the cervical and vaginal mucus during estrus was not always become the causes of failed pregnancy.
Infection of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus and Viral Nervouse Necrosis in Seawater Fish Identifed Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Kumalasari Hidayati , Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Lestari Artanti Tri , Nurlita Wahyu , Nugraha Wahyu Andy , Hasanah Nur , Dewi Ida Ayu Mirah Meliana , Anggraeni Ni Putu Arya Shintya
Published: November 2022

Indonesia become a maritime country with large of ocean area and beach line with marine species diversity reaches 37% of the world’s fish. This makes Indonesia have aquaculture potential that supported by an appropriate climate. However, the challenge of viral diseases caused by Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV) and Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) would hamper marine aquaculture and causing huge economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out early detection methods that are efficient, fast, precise and accurate to identifying these viral disease. Here we developed a multiplex-PCR (mPCR) a method that can detect simultaneously of the ISKNV and VNN. The results of this method showed high sensitivity and specificity by using MCP and CP gene target primers to detect ISKNV and VNN, respectively. From a total of 353 samples of seawater fish examined by mPCR, positive results following of single infection of ISKNV and VNN were 14 and 2, respectively. We also found that 18 grouper fish was co-infection with these viruses. From these results, it shows that the mPCR method developed has efficiency, faster and high accuracy. This founding was possible to be applied in laboratory testing or early detection system in the field for ISKNV and VNN.
ANTIMIGRAINE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ABROMA AUGUSTA L. IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: SAWANT SAMEER H. , MUJAWAR AYESHA
Published: November 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate of antimigraine activity of methanolic extract of Abroma augusta L. leaves in laboratory animals.
Methods: The antimigraine activity was evaluated against nitroglycerine (NTG, 10 mg·kg−1, i. p.) and bradykinin (BK, 10 µg, intra-arterial) induced hyperalgesia in rats. Rats were divided randomly into six groups: normal, control, standard (sumatriptan, 42 mg·kg−1, s. c.), and Abroma augusta L. (100,200 and 400 mg·kg−1, p. o.). In the nitroglycerin (NTG) induced hyperalgesia model, rats were pre-treated with standard drug sumatriptan and Abroma augusta L. for 0, 7 and 14 d and tail flick latency were recorded separately in 0-day, 7-day and 14-day pretreatment study. Brain serotonin concentration was also estimated by HPLC method at the end of the study. In bradykinin induced hyperalgesia model the number of vocalizations were recorded as a measure of hyperalgesia in rats.
Results: Abroma augusta L. showed a significant (P<0.001) elevation in the tail-flick latency (at dose 400 mg·kg−1) and body weight (at doses 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1) in NTG-induced hyperalgesia model in rats. Further, A. augusta L. (400 mg/kg) showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in brain serotonin concentration compared to NTG control group animal. It showed a significant (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduction in the elevated number of vocalizations at doses (200 and 400 mg·kg−1) in the bradykinin-induced hyperalgesia model in rats.
Conclusion: We concluded that the methanolic extract of Aroma augusta L. possessed an anti-migraine effect in nitroglycerine and bradykinin-induced hyperalgesia model in rats.
A STUDY OF CLINICAL PATTERN OF ACNE VULGARIS PATIENTS PRESENTING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: DEURI JUCHITRA , TALUKDAR KRISHNA , DUTTA GEETAMONI
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clinical pattern of acne vulgaris in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted from September 2021 to March 2022. A total of 203 consecutive patients with acne vulgaris attending dermatology OPD were included. Pregnant and lactating women, drug-induced acne, and other acneiform eruptions were excluded. Data were collected in a pre-designed proforma. The parameters included were age, gender, age of onset, duration, sites of involvement, acne grade, types of lesions, menstrual history, and post-acne complications. Results were expressed in percentages. MS Excel software was used for data entry and analysis.
Results: Two hundred and three cases were included, among which 61.6% were female and 38.4% were male. The commonest age group affected was 21-25 y (37.9%) followed by 16-20 y (31.5%). The commonest site of involvement in acne was the face (86.2%) followed by the trunk (9.4%). Arms (2.5%) and the neck (1.9%) were less affected areas. The majority of patients had Grade 2 (53.7%) acne, followed by Grade 3 (21.8%) and Grade 1 (20.7%) and Grade 4 (3.9%). Persistence of acne in females till late age was observed. Post-acne hyperpigmentation 98 (48.3%) and scarring 46 (22.7%) were most common complications. Premenstrual flare was seen in 36 (17.7%) patients. The commonly associated disease with acne is seborrheic dermatitis, observed in 28 (13.8%) patients.
Conclusion: This study revealed the clinical pattern of acne vulgaris in a tertiary care hospital in Assam.
Evaluation of emerging NASH therapies: the impact of treatment efficacy profiles on long-term health outcomes
Authors: Herring William L , Gould Ian Gopal , Wittrup-Jensen Villum , Ertle Judith , Kuti Effie , Wolowacz Sorrel
Published: November 2022

Aim:
Evaluations of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatments require predicting lifetime outcomes from short-term clinical trials.
Materials & methods:
A Markov model with NASH fibrosis stages F0–F3, NASH resolution, compensated cirrhosis (F4/CC), and liver-related complication (LRC) states was developed using literature-based standard of care (SoC) data. Hypothetical efficacy profiles were defined affecting resolution (100%-increase), fibrosis improvement (100% increase), or fibrosis worsening (50% decrease).
Results:
For the SoC, 10-year LRC rates increased with baseline fibrosis stage (F1: 3.0%; F2: 9.8%; F3: 27.2%; F4/CC: 64.9%). The fibrosis worsening profile reduced predicted 10-year LRC rates (F1: 1.9%; F2: 6.5%; F3: 19.1%; F4/CC: 55.0%) more than the resolution and fibrosis improvement profiles (F1: 2.6%/2.6%; F2: 8.5%/8.3%; F3: 23.3%/23.0%; F4/CC: NA/59.0%). Scenario analyses considered alternative SoC progression, treatment efficacy and treatment-stopping rules.
Conclusion:
Potential NASH efficacy profiles have differing impacts on predicted long-term outcomes, providing insights for future stakeholders.
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Antiseptic Resistance Genes among Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Badawi Hala , Reda Alaa , El Said Manal , El-Far Amira , Magdy Reham , El-Shenawy Ahmed , Yousry Noha
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has expanded the use of chlorhexidine digluconate, a biocide frequently used in hospitals, to inhibit the spread of infection. Genes responsible for resistance against the quaternary ammonium compound qac in Staphylococcus aureus isolates have been shown to confer tolerance to a number of biocidal chemicals, including chlorhexidine. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B and qacC) in clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The study also aimed to investigate the association between the presence of the mecA, qacA/B, and qacC genes in MRSA isolates and the susceptibility of the isolates to chlorhexidine to evaluate its future use in the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) hospital, following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for patients with MRSA. S. aureus isolates (n = 100) were collected from inpatients and outpatients at TBRI. A minimal inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine was also detected. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mecA, qacA/B, and qacC genes. The results revealed that 84% of S. aureus isolates were MRSA. MRSA (61.9%) and MSSA (68.8%) isolates were susceptible to chlorhexidine. The qacA/B gene was more dominant, being detected in 34%, while qacC was detected in only 5% of S. aureus isolates. All S. aureus isolates with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine harbored either the qacA/B or qacC genes. The clinical use of chlorhexidine may continue to increase, emphasizing the significance of continuous caution underlining the emergence of new clones with reduced susceptibility and avoiding antiseptic misuse.
Electronic Medical Record Data Analysis and Prediction of Stroke Disease Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Pamungkas Yuri , Wibawa Adhi Dharma , Cahya Meiliana Dwi
Published: November 2022

The deficiency of oxygen in the brain will cause the cells to die, and the body parts controlled by the brain cells will become dysfunctional. Damage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain is better known as a stroke. Many factors affect stroke. These factors certainly need to be observed and alerted to prevent the high number of stroke sufferers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variables that influence stroke in medical records using statistical analysis (correlation) and stroke prediction using the XAI algorithm. Factors analyzed included gender, age, hypertension, heart disease, marital status, residence type, occupation, glucose level, BMI, and smoking. Based on the study results, we found that women have a higher risk of stroke than men, and even people who do not have hypertension and heart disease (hypertension and heart disease are not detected early) still have a high risk of stroke. Married people also have a higher risk of stroke than unmarried people. In addition, bad habits such as smoking, working with very intense thoughts and activities, and the type of living environment that is not conducive can also trigger a stroke. Increasing age, BMI, and glucose levels certainly affect a person's stroke risk. We have also succeeded in predicting stroke using the EMR data with high accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. Based on the performance matrix, PNN has the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and F-measure levels of 95%, 100%, and 97% compared to other algorithms, such as RF, NB, SVM, and KNN.
Марины (порты для яхт)
Authors: Гришин Николай
Published: November 2022

В статье описаны основные этапы про­цесса создания и развития марин - портов для яхт. По­казано влияние марин как градообразующих объектов на развитие береговой зоны- катализаторов урбанизации, активных и популярных общественных пространств, цен­тров пешеходного туризма, мест проведения различных спортивных и культурных мероприятий. Современные марины являются ключевым элементом комплексного развития береговой зоны, развития индустрии яхтинга и водного туризма. Отражена важность марин как объектов, обеспечивающих безопасное и комфортное вдольберего- вое морское пассажирское сообщение. На сегодняшний день инфраструктура яхтинга на Черноморском побережье России только начинает развиваться, есть примеры удач­ных решений, есть и негативный опыт создания марин. При этом марины обладают огромным туристическим и инвестиционным потенциалом, что подтверждается миро­вым опытом их создания и эксплуатации за последние 50 лет. Современная марина - это уже не просто место для стоянки яхт, это центр притяжения для туристов и мест­ных жителей с самыми разными интересами, запросами и требованиями к отдыху, спорту и новым впечатлениям. Приведена аргументация, поясняющая актуальность пред­лагаемых решений, и конкретные примеры создания марин как морских рекреационных комплексов.
Transverse Facial Cleft, Tessier number 7: Case Report of a Rare Congenital Anomaly
Authors: Ezenwa Beatrice Nkolika , Fajolu Iretiola Bamikeolu , Akowundu Pauline Kasarachi , Oleolo-Ayodeji Khadijah , James Olutayo , Ezeaka Veronica Chinyere
Published: November 2022

Transverse facial cleft (TFC), Tessier number 7, is a rare congenital anomaly commonly associated with other anomalies of the first and second branchial arch with varying severity. Risk factors such as alcohol abuse, folic acid deficiency, and ingestion of herbal concoctions in pregnancy have been implicated in this deformity. We report a case of a bilateral transverse facial cleft in a newborn and review the existing literature on the condition to increase awareness and knowledge.
Presence of the Periodontal Bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis in Patients With and Without Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez-Archilla Alberto , Encina-Palazzolo Eugenia
Published: November 2022

A high presence of periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has been found in cancers at different body locations. The imbalance of the oral microbiome (dysbiosis) promotes the chronic inflammatory process that could contribute to carcinogenesis. To assess the P. gingivalis detection in cancer patients. A search for studies on P. gingivalis and neoplasms was conducted from 1974 to 2021 in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as odds ratios (OR) using Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plot and Egger’s test for publication bias analysis were used. Also, Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) studies methodological quality assessment scale was employed. Thirteen studies that involved 1732 cancer patients and 3298 controls without cancer were included in this meta-analysis. P. gingivalis detection was 1.81 times more likely in cancer patients (p<0.01) compared to controls. P. gingivalis detection was also more likely in patients with colorectal (OR: 2.00, p=0.02) or pancreatic (OR: 1.32, p=0.02) tumors. In contrast, oral, esophageal, lung, or breast cancers did not show a significant increase of P. gingivalis detection (p>0.05).
Recent Developments in Catalytic Reductive Etherifications
Authors: Zaharani Lia , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari
Published: November 2022

Ether derivatives are versatile organic compounds and have been applied in various fields of academia and the chemical industry. Therefore, it is highly desirable to create procedures for their manufacture that are more efficient and sustainable. Catalytic reductive etherification with carbonyl moiety such as ketones/ aldehydes and carboxylic acid derivatives has recently been recognized as a possible tool among the several techniques reported for ether production. These procedures offer promising methods to selectively produce ethers with higher molecular structures, both symmetrical and asymmetrical. This Review provides an update on current developments in the field of catalytic reductive etherification, which synthesize ethers utilising an alcohol and an aldehyde substrate. Applications for organic synthesis and catalyst design are given special attention.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON 3D PRINTING PERSONALISED FOOD FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors: Haris Muhammad Salahuddin , Kamarudin Nur Fatin Adlin , Mohamed Aini Khairul Auni Adli , Abdul Rais Harith Juwaidi , Mohd Rus Shaiqah , Harith Sakinah
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is currently a new technology being developed in the food industry due to its ability to design, customize, and fabricate a product with good precision and accuracy. Therefore, with regard to the mastication problems frequently faced by elderly people, this technology is utilized to design foods that can be consumed by them. Since there was limited published literature on the subject, the present study aimed to systematically review 3D printing personalized food for the elderly. The study used PRISMA as a guideline for report writing while integrating multiple research designs. This paper employed three databases to select the articles: Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The study included five analyzed themes: 1) hardness; 2) moisture; 3) viscosity; 4) elasticity; and 5) printability. The study significantly contributed to several practical purposes and the body of knowledge. The findings provided the factors affecting the 3D printing of food, its mechanisms, and its significance.
Financial Considerations After a Fully-Virtual Interview Season: A CERA Study of Family Medicine Residency Program Directors
Authors: Snellings John E. , Moore Miranda A. , Meyer Daniel
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the institution of virtual interviewing for nearly all family medicine residency programs in 2020 and 2021. This paradigm shift challenged the perspectives of family medicine program directors across the United States, in part because of the financial impact on the operations of many residency programs. We sought to investigate program directors’ opinions on the 2020-2021 interview season, as well whether future interview season planning would be influenced by the financial outcomes of this season.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey, as part of the fall 2021 CERA Program Director omnibus online survey. Family medicine program directors were invited by email to participate. We conducted multivariate logistic regression of the likelihood of supporting a fully-virtual interviewing model.
Results: The module survey response rate was 41.7% (263/631); 91.3% of programs reported conducting a fully-virtual 2020-2021 interview season. Program directors who reported that the cost savings recouped from virtual versus in-person interviewing could be used for other residency operating costs (32.4%) were almost four times more likely to support moving to a fully-virtual interviewing model (odds ratio: 3.94, confidence interval: 1.69-9.18). When compared to a residency program’s benefit from meeting and assessing applicants in person, applicants benefitting from less financial burden during a fully-virtual interview season was not seen by responding program directors as a significant reason to remain virtual.
Conclusions: While family medicine residency program directors who recouped interview expenses during fully-virtual recruiting seasons are more likely to support ongoing, fully-virtual models, financial incentivization did not overall impact support for virtual interviewing among program directors with statistical significance.
Interviewing for Family Medicine Residency: In-Person, Virtual, or Hybrid?
Authors: Rohrberg Tessa , Walling Anne , Gillam Morgan , St. Peter Madeleine , Nilsen Kari
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of interviewing format changes on the family medicine (FM) residency interviewing process. Specifically, we compare applicant cost and time expenditures in traditional in-person, virtual-only, and hybrid interview years. We also report student perceptions of the virtual-only and hybrid interview processes.
Methods: Applicants for first-year FM residency positions via the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) completed a survey questionnaire in 2019-2020 (in-person interviewing only), 2020-2021 (virtual only), and 2021-2022 (hybrid). Statistical analyses included analysis of variance for questions related to applications, interviews, ranked programs, cost, and time spent. We used thematic analysis to code narrative comments about the interviewing experience for the virtual-only and hybrid years.
Results: Seventy-one FM applicants responded (response rate 63.4%). Costs for the in-person interview year were significantly higher ($2,394.70±$1,961.20) than the virtual ($646.80±$846.60, P=.0001) and hybrid years ($903.30±$793.40, P=.001). Days spent per applicant on in-person interviews was also significantly higher (25.9±7.9,) than virtual (14.9±7.6, P=.0001) and hybrid years (14.3±7.0, P<.0001). For virtual and hybrid years, thematic analyses identified five categories: “feelings related to interviewing,” “suggestions for future,” “convenience/logistics of interviewing,” “perceived fit of program,” and “cost/time of interviewing,” that further elucidated applicant experiences.
Conclusions: Virtual interviewing works well for overall cost and time, but other aspects such as perceived fit with programs and equity need to be considered before residency programs adopt fully virtual or hybrid interviewing in future years.
A Pharmacokinetic Profile and Antihyperlipidemic Effectiveness of Nanoemulsion and Ethanol Extract from Parang Romang Leaves (Boehmeria virgata)
Authors: Magfirah Magfirah
Published: November 2022

Background: Parang Romang has an antihyperlipidemic effect, but the use of herbs has limitations with poor solubility in water, causing failure in the clinical phase due to low bioavailability. Bioavailability can be increased with nanotechnology, one of which is nanoemulsion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and effectiveness of antihyperlipidemic from nanoemulsion preparation and ethanol extract from parang romang leaves. Methods: Pharmacokinetic study with 10 rats each given 100 mg/kg BW of nanoemulsion and ethanol extract from parang romang leaves. The blood was taken at 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4 hours to measure tmax, Cpmax, and AUC. Study of antihyperlipidemic with 30 rats divided into 5 groups with normal control group I which was given Na CMC suspension, group II negative control given high fat feed + streptozotocin, group III positive control given high fat feed + streptozotocin & simvastatin 0.9 mg/ kg BW, group IV was given high fat feed + streptozotocin + ethanol extract of parang romang leaves 100 mg/kg BW and group V was given  high fat feed + streptozotocin + nanoemulsion of ethanol extract of parang romang 100 mg/kg BW, Then blood was taken on day 0,14,21, 28 and 35. Results: The results of the pharmacokinetic profile test showed that the values ​​of tmax, Cpmax, and AUC for nanoemulsions and extract  were respectively;  0.5 hours, 96.68 g/ml and 297.57 and 1-hour, 15.44 g/ml and 93.53 and The statistical  results obtained a significant value (P < 0,05 ) which showed a significant effect between nanoemulsion and ethanol extract  from parang romang to reduce cholesterol levels Conclusions: There are differences in pharmacokinetic profile and antihyperlipidemic effectiveness between nanoemulsion preparations and  ethanol extracts from parang roman leaves.