bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crescite et multiplicamini (conf 13, 35-37) La proclama literaria y espiritual de Agustín entre Sacra Scriptura y tradición latina
Authors: Scibetta Concetta , Anoz Jóse ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article presents the argumentative architecture of Confessions last three books, and the influence they had in the reception of the whole work, from a metaliterary point of view. It deals also about the way in which Augustine, following the steps of the literary tradition, invites his reader to collaborate with his work, not only in an hermeneutical way, but also in a creative one.
Rehabilitating Kant’s Third Analogy of Experience
Authors: Bardon Adrian ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

In this essay I revisit Kant’s largely-ignored Third Analogy of Experience with an eye to what it may yet contribute to our understanding of time perception. The essay begins with an elucidation of the purpose of the Third Analogy, followed by an account of how the core argument is intended to work. It then summarizes the problem that has left the Third Analogy out of much of the scholarly literature on Kant. I respond by introducing two ways of scaling back on Kant’s claims. First, I offer a revisionary interpretation of the Third Analogy as a “modest” transcendental argument; second, I propose a re-imagining of the Analogy such that it yields an empirical hypothesis that might be of use in developmental psychology.
Comportamento dos gases de efeito estufa emitidos na queima de pastagem natural em Lages/SC
Authors: Cardoso Débora Cristina Correia , Becegato Valter Antonio , Xavier Jordana Dos Anjos , Rosini Daniely Neckel , Becegato Vitor Rodolfo
Published: April 2022

No município de Lages-SC, a queima de campo para manejo do solo ainda é muito praticada pelos produtores e pecuaristas. Contudo, apesar de liberadas em algumas situações, estas ações podem afetar a qualidade do solo e da vegetação e serem fontes emissoras de poluentes potencializando a poluição atmosférica e o aumento das concentrações dos gases de efeito estufa. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este estudo, verificar o comportamento dos gases emitidos na queima de uma pastagem natural e apresentar os possíveis impactos provenientes desta prática. As coletas foram efetuadas em um ponto controle sem presença de queima e em três pontos com a presença de queima, nas fases de chama e fumaça, mediante a equipamentos de medição portáteis e de resultados instantâneos. As coletas foram realizadas no período vespertino em setembro de 2020. Os gases amostrados foram o CO, CO2, NO, NO2 e SO2, além da temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente. As concentrações dos pontos de coleta na fase de chama foram menores do que as concentrações nos pontos de coleta na fase de fumaça. Verificou-se que as concentrações dos compostos foram influenciadas pelos fatores meteorológicos, as características da vegetação predominante em cada ponto de coleta e pela dispersão destes por meio do vapor d’água. Diante da importância da manutenção das pastagens naturais e os impactos que as emissões provenientes das queimadas causam ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana, se fazem necessários mais estudos que venham a contribuir para o entendimento da relação deste com a presença do fogo. Em busca de manejo adequado, eficiente e de baixo impacto, que mantenham as pastagens naturais, proporcione qualidade ao solo e vegetação, bem como baixas emissões para a atmosfera. No entanto, estes conhecimentos devem ser dissipados, servindo de base para a criação de políticas eficientes e capazes de mitigar os impactos ao meio.
Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC) na Região Norte do estado do Espírito Santo: uma análise nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Mucuri, Itaúnas e São Mateus
Authors: Ferreira Izabela Tereza Rodrigues , Riccio Marcela de Barros , Almeida Ana Carolina Miranda Lopes de , Teixeira Ângelo Wander Ferreira , Ribeiro Renata Batista , Pereira Joyce Mariana , Oliveira Alisson Souza de
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo apresenta uma análise dos índices de anomalia de chuva nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios Itaúnas/Mucuri e rio São Mateus, na região norte do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram selecionadas 9 estações climatológicas disponíveis na rede nacional de observações meteorológicas de superfície do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). As séries históricas utilizadas foram trabalhadas entre os anos de 1989 a 2019. Foi realizada a caracterização da precipitação pluviométrica e a da determinação do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC). Os resultados mostraram que a menor precipitação média anual observada foi de 760,3 mm e a maior de 1.225,3 mm. Os meses mais secos são de maio a setembro. Quanto a caracterização das precipitações e a determinação do grau de severidade dos períodos secos e úmidos através o cálculo IAC, verificou-se uma heterogeneidade na disposição das anomalias positivas e negativas na maioria das estações estudadas. Os anos de 1991, 1992, 1998 e 2015 apresentaram maiores valores absolutos do IAC, provavelmente, sob a interferência da atuação do fenômeno El Niño de alta intensidade. O fenômeno La Niña, a partir da análise empreendida, não afetou de modo significativo a região do norte do Espírito Santo no período estudado. Verifica-se que a análise da precipitação e os resultados de anomalia de chuvas encontrados podem contribuir para um planejamento hídrico mais estratégico para a região norte do Espírito Santo, visando melhor aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos, mitigação e prevenção de danos socioambientais decorrentes da variação histórica de precipitação regional.
Produção de solução clorada em reator eletrolítico com vistas à desinfecção de água para abastecimento
Authors: Silva Leonardo Roggen e , Pizzolatti Bruno Segalla , Soares Marcus , Martins Marcelle , Lunardi Samuel
Published: April 2022

O desequilíbrio na gestão de recursos destinados ao saneamento básico no Brasil tem influência direta sobre o tratamento e distribuição de água para a população, o que incentiva a busca pelo desenvolvimento de tecnologias que tornem tais processos mais acessíveis. A eletrólise surge como alternativa que provê a geração in loco de agentes passíveis de serem utilizados na etapa de desinfecção de água para abastecimento público descentralizado. O uso de desinfecção por eletrólise em comunidades não abastecidas por redes de distribuição de água é uma solução conveniente para a problemática. O objetivo do presente estudo se deu por avaliar o uso de eletrólise de salmoura para produção de solução clorada concentrada, por meio do desenvolvimento de um reator eletrolítico de fluxo contínuo, em escala de bancada com eletrodos de aço inoxidável. A partir de um planejamento fatorial, variou-se a corrente elétrica, tempo de contato e concentração de NaCl na salmoura pré eletrólise, sob diferentes níveis. Cada arranjo gerou uma solução clorada específica. Foram realizadas estimativas do potencial de tratamento de cada solução gerada, e, com auxílio do método AHP de apoio à decisão, foi possível concluir que a dosagem de 30 g/L de NaCl, tempo de contato de 33 minutos e corrente elétrica aplicada de 5 Ampère, correspondeu à melhor condição de operação. Assim, o sistema de desinfecção proposto pode ser indicado para aplicação em escala real de desinfecção de água de consumo para populações descentralizadas.
Redução dos níveis de ruído na fonte por meio do reúso de material descartado
Authors: Correia Rafael Sander Borges , Rossoni Hygor Aristides Victor
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é comprovar a eficácia na redução do ruído gerado por um equipamento em ambiente industrial reutilizando material descartado com o intuito de proporcionar maior conforto acústico para o trabalhador. Para tanto, foram realizadas medições pontuais do ruído emitido pelo quarteador durante o processo de separação de amostras de minério de ferro antes e depois da instalação de borrachas sintéticas descartadas na superfície de contato do equipamento a fim de amenizar o ruído ocasionado pelo impacto da amostra. As médias das medições pontuais dos níveis de ruído anteriores à implantação da medida de controle ambiental foi de 89,19 dB(A) e após foi de 81,04 dB(A), resultando em uma redução de 8,15 dB(A). Essa redução do nível de ruído foi comprovada estatisticamente pelo método inferencial, composto pelo teste paramétrico denominado teste “t” comparativo de médias que apresentou resultado significativo apontando eficiência da medida de controle coletivo para redução do ruído. Portanto, conclui-se que a utilização de material descartado como forma de reduzir o ruído na fonte é eficaz, contribuindo com a saúde auditiva do trabalhador e sustentável, proporcionando maior conforto acústico para o trabalhador e menor custo para o empregador com o absenteísmo dos colaboradores.
Reutilização das cinzas volantes de carvão mineral na fabricação de cimento de Portland
Authors: Almeida Edvander Prudente de , Gomes Wolia Costa
Published: April 2022

A indústria do cimento tem um papel importante no desenvolvimento global, tendo em vista que o cimento é o material fundamental para produção de argamassas e concretos. A busca pela inserção de materiais considerados rejeitos de outros processos produtivos, tais como as cinzas volantes provenientes da queima do carvão mineral, à fabricação do cimento, tem se tornado uma alternativa viável tanto do ponto de vista ambiental quanto econômico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a possibilidade de reaproveitamento dos resíduos de cinzas volantes no processo de fabricação de cimento provenientes da queima de carvão mineral nas caldeiras de uma termelétrica localizada em São Luís - MA. Foi necessário desenvolver um estudo com cinzas volantes por meio de caracterização físico-química, utilizando os métodos de ensaio especificados. Foram preparadas misturas de cimento com adição de cinzas volantes em 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 25%. Os resultados físicos, químicos e mecânicos obtidos atenderam a todos os requisitos da norma ABNT NBR 16697: 2018, classificando a cinza como um material cimentício, permitindo sua utilização como matéria-prima na produção de cimento, possibilitando uma destinação mais nobre para os resíduos sólidos do carvão, redução do custo da matéria-prima no processo de produção do cimento e redução da quantidade de CO2 emitida por tonelada de cimento produzida.
Evaluation of the environmental quality of urban streams, through the use of rapid assessment protocols
Authors: Masqueto Gustavo Bovetto , Leite Edilaine Corrêa , Oliveira Felipe Rafael , Silva Melissa Progênio da , Tôha Fernando Miranda Lansac , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado
Published: April 2022

Water constitutes one of the most important natural resources of our planet, however, the expansion of urban areas, has caused great degradation in its quality, with diverse associated environmental problems. The diagnosis and monitoring of the aquatic ecosystems are essential to the management of hydric resources. For this endeavour, some Rapid Assessment Protocols has been proposed, in order to make a quick and satisfactory characterization of the environmental quality of different ecosystems. Thus, this study aims to contribute to an evaluation of the degree of deterioration of urban streams in a municipality of the southern Brazil, using an adapted Rapid River Assessment Protocol. The results obtained showed a strong impact of urbanization on the headstream region, the most urbanized of each micro-basin, being the substrate modification, the parameter that most negatively influenced the protocol scores, unlike vegetation, which presented the best indexes. A gradient of environmental quality was observed between the streams, apparently determined by greater or lesser extent of their course in the urban area. As such, it is suggested that conservation and restoration actions focus especially on aspects related to the substrate and, even with better scores, actions to restore the abundance and quality of riparian forests, must be considered.
Moscas varejeiras (Diptera: calliphoridae) como bioindicadores e acumuladores de metais potencialmente tóxicos em áreas antropizadas na região Oeste do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Célio Pereira Conceição da , Cruz Nildo Duarte , Santos Junior Eudóxio Gomes dos , Silva Vinicius Rocha da , Sousa José Roberto Pereira de , Oliveira Jorge Diniz de
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a potencialidade de moscas como bioindicadores de metais potencialmente tóxicos - MPT em ambientes antropizados (destinados como lixões) nos municípios de Imperatriz-MA e Senador La Rocque-MA ambos localizados no Oeste do Maranhão. Os solos da área investigada também foram avaliados para assim fazer uma correlação entre os teores de metais potencialmente tóxicos nos solos e nas moscas uma vez que, as moscas têm seu estágio larval no solo. As identificações das moscas, extrações e análises dos solos foram feitas em laboratório para posterior determinação dos metais estudados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama FAAS. A partir dos resultados observou-se que as concentrações dos metais potencialmente tóxicos nos solos foram maiores no município de Imperatriz. A variação das concentrações de metais potencialmente tóxicos entre as espécies de moscas indica que família Calliphoridae absorve do solo os metais potencialmente tóxicos estudados que se acumulam na superfície do solo. Além disso algumas espécies se mostraram melhores indicadoras de MTP do que outras.
Gerenciamento de riscos operacionais aplicado aos recursos hídricos
Authors: Bittencourt Ricardo Parreira , Costa David de Andrade , Moreira Ariadna Gonçalves , Souza Markson Andre Martins de , Eduardo Cláudio Luiz Carraro
Published: April 2022

As operações do setor de mineração devem ser devidamente gerenciadas de modo a não causar impactos ambientais adversos. Neste sentido, este trabalho evidencia os resultados da aplicação de uma metodologia de gerenciamento de riscos operacionais baseado em 4 camadas, o Operational Risk Management (ORM), na unidade de uma mineradora, tendo uma abordagem focada nos recursos hídricos. Na 1ª camada foi possível, por meio da ferramenta WRAC, identificar 2 Eventos Indesejados Prioritários (PUEs) mediante a hierarquização dos riscos baseada nas matrizes de probabilidade e consequência. Na 2ª camada, por meio do Bow-Tie, foi possível estabelecer 50 controles para estes 2 PUEs, sendo que 86% são preventivos e 14% mitigatórios. Por meio da JRA e da APRD, abrangidas, respectivamente, pelas análises de 3ª e 4ª camada, foi possível implementar uma análise contínua de riscos das tarefas. Os resultados demonstram que, comparando 2017 com 2020, houve uma redução de 78% no número de desvios relacionados aos controles do PUE “Perda de contenção de produtos químicos” e uma redução de 50% quanto ao PUE “Lançamento de efluente industrial fora do parâmetro pelo Emissário Submarino”. Portanto, o ORM se mostra viável para sustentar um sistema de gerenciamento de riscos, podendo ser, replicável a outras disciplinas e organizações.
Análise multicritérios como ferramenta de identificação de áreas aptas à expansão da dendeicultura na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Acará, PA
Authors: Monteiro Neto Albertino , Barbosa Ivan Carlos da Costa , Santos Ayslla Mendonça dos , Menezes Paula Maria de Melo , Fiel Luciane Gomes , Sousa Marina Costa de , Batista Lucas Mota , Rodrigues Rodrigo Richard de Lima , Costa Luiz Gonzaga da Silva
Published: April 2022

A incorporação da dendeicultura em território amazônico fez parte da idealização do crescimento econômico nacional vinculado à Amazônia, fomentada por programas e planos de desenvolvimento de cunho estatal e federal. A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Acará (BHRA) representa, atualmente, um importante papel na economia estadual referente à produção e exportação do óleo de palma, onde a cada ano que passa há um aumento das áreas destinadas à colheita do dendê na bacia. As geotecnologias, aliadas às bases de dados de sensoriamento remoto e processadas em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s), atuam como instrumento auxiliador no monitoramento, investigação e prevenção das modificações ambientais. O Processo de Análise Hierárquico (AHP) consiste em uma metodologia direcionada para aperfeiçoar processos de tomada de decisão quando há multicritérios a serem avaliados, gerando um modelo validado que quantifica e hierarquiza a importância de cada critério a partir de pesos estipulados. Dessa forma, objetivou-se identificar e quantificar as áreas aptas a incorporar a expansão da dendeicultura na BHRA, por intermédio da metodologia AHP, e comparar os resultados com o Zoneamento Agroecológico para a cultura da palma de óleo (ZAE-palma de óleo) da EMBRAPA. O Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) foi utilizado para a delimitação da bacia hidrográfica e extração da rede de drenagem e declividade. A classificação supervisionada de uso e ocupação do solo do ano de 2020 foi realizada a partir de cenas do satélite Sentinel-2. Todos os procedimentos relacionados ao geoprocessamento foram executados no software Qgis 3.16.6. Com o objetivo de identificar as áreas aptas à expansão da dendeicultura, estipularam-se os critérios que influenciam na sua determinação, sendo: declividade, distância das estradas, distância da hidrografia, uso e ocupação do solo, pedologia e geologia. As áreas com excelente aptidão ocuparam uma área de 523,91 km², representando 3,87% do total da área que corresponde a BHRA. Essa classe corresponde às condições ideais para a expansão da dendeicultura. As áreas classificadas com boa aptidão apresentaram área de 3.157,62 km², representando 23,33% da BHRA. As áreas classificadas como “sem aptidão” ocuparam a maior área na BHRA, com 6.889,02 km², representando 50,90%. A metodologia AHP demontrou-se mais eficiente e precisa na identificação das áreas aptas à expansão da dendeicultura em comparação ao ZAE-palma de óleo, apesar da utilização de diferentes critérios. A combinação da metodologia AHP com a aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento demonstrou-se extremamente útil na identificação de áreas aptas à expansão da dendeicultura na BHRA.
First report of Hepatozoon sp. In a dog in the Western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Mayra Araguaia Pereira , Cruz Géssica Raupp Fermiano , Almeida Maria Lais Devólio , Fialho Vanessa Novais , Santos Nayna Letícia Tavares
Published: April 2022

Canine hepatozoonosis is a worldwide disease, caused by protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon, whose transmission occurs when the dog ingests ticks or part of them containing sporulated oocysts. The objective was to report the identification of subclinical Hepatozoon sp. in a dog in the state of Rondônia, in the Western Amazon, Brazil. A female dog, two years old, mixed breed, resident in the urban area of the municipality of Rolim de Moura (Rondônia) was taken to a veterinary clinic due to lameness of the right hind limb. In the anamnesis, the animal did not present pain on palpation of the affected limb. There were ectoparasites in the animal's body (fleas and ticks). Blood was collected in a tube with EDTA to perform the complete blood count and blood smears. The blood count showed normocytic and normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia. In blood smears, gametes were observed in neutrophils. Given the report, we concluded that Hepatozoon sp. circulates in dogs from the Western Amazon, emphasizing the importance of including the investigation of hemoparasites in the veterinary clinical routine, even when the animal is asymptomatic.
Performance measurement of a mobile manipulator-on-a-cart and coordinate registration methods for manufacturing applications
Authors: Aboul-Enein Omar , Bostelman Roger , Li-Baboud Ya-Shian , Shah Mili
Published: April 2022

Mobile manipulators, which consist of a robotic manipulator arm on a vehicular base, enable more flexible and dynamic workflows in manufacturing processes by freeing the manipulator arm from the restriction of working on a single, calibrated workspace. A mobile manipulator-on-cart further enhances job concurrency since the manipulator arm is mounted to a detachable cart rather than directly to the vehicle payload structure. With this increase in flexibility, there is a need to understand new sources of position and orientation uncertainty. This uncertainty can degrade the accuracy and precision of the mobile manipulator position and orientation in addition to the coordination capability between the manipulator and vehicle. To facilitate performance evaluation and uncertainty characterization, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed an artifact-based measurement methodology for mobile manipulator-on-a-cart systems. The artifact, which is re-configurable, simulates mock-assembly tasks for manufacturing applications, and is compared to a ground truth consisting of an optical tracking system (OTS). This report documents experimental procedures, data analysis methods, and results in measuring the performance of the manipulator-on-a-cart system. The speed and accuracy of two example coordinate registration techniques to be used by the mobile manipulator-on-a-cart to reduce position and orientation uncertainty are also compared.
The National Health Insurance Bill: Responses and options for the Portfolio Committee on Health
Authors:   Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Solanki G ,   Honorary Research Associate, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa,   Principal Consultant, NMG Consultants and Actuaries, Cape Town, South Africa, Cornell J E ,   Director of Institutional Development and Planning (retired), Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Morar R L ,   Chief Operating Officer, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Brijlal V ,   Senior Director, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa
Published: April 2022

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Public health sector capacity and resilience building in Zimbabwe: An urgent priority as further waves of COVID-19 are imminent
Authors:   Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, Murewanhema G
Published: April 2022

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Teenage births and pregnancies in South Africa, 2017 - 2021 – a reflection of a troubled country: Analysis of public sector data
Authors:   School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Barron P , Subedar H ,   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa, Letsoko M ,   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa, Makua M ,   National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa, Pillay Y ,   Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: April 2022

Articles on teenage pregnancies have been proliferating in both the popular press and the medical media. We analysed data available in the public sector database, the District Health Information System, from 2017 to 2021. During this time, the number of births to young teenagers aged 10 - 14 years increased by 48.7% (from a baseline of 2 726, which is very high by developed-country standards) and the birth rate per 1 000 girls in this age category increased from 1.1 to 1.5. These increases occurred year on year in most provinces. In adolescent girls aged 15 - 19, the number of births increased by 17.9% (from a baseline of 114 329) and the birth rate per 1 000 girls in this age category increased from 49.6 to 55.6. These increases also occurred year on year in a continuous upward trend as well as in all provinces, but at different rates. Generally, rates were higher in the more rural provinces such as Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape than in more urban provinces such as Gauteng and Western Cape. The increases during the past 2 years were particularly large and may be due to disruption of health and school services with decreased access to these as a result of COVID-19. These metrics pose serious questions to society in general and especially to the health, education and social sectors, as they reflect socioeconomic circumstances (e.g. sexual and gender-based violence, economic security of families, school attendance) as well as inadequate health education, life skills and access to health services.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING MARKETING CHANNEL CHOICE BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: SALAH Ahmad Khalid , KANO Hideyuki , YAMAMOTO Naoyuki
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze factors affecting marketing channel choice by onion smallholder farmers in the Parwan province of Afghanistan. The study used a random sampling technique for data collection, both primary and secondary sources were used. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews from 104 onion small-scale farmers in three main districts of Parwan province producing a high quantity onions. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. Multinomial Logistic Regression model (MNL) was used to analyze factors affecting marketing channel choice of onion smallholder farmers in Parwan province. The result of the study revealed that farmers sold their products to three main channels, which were: brokers at farm-gate, traders, and direct sale to Kabul market. Over 60% percent of the respondents sold to brokers at farm-gate, while, the rest of the farmers sold to Kabul market and traders’ market channels accounted for 29.8% and 17.3% of total respondents, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression result indicated that farmers having a high level of education producing a high quantity of onion and having access to transportation facilities were more likely to sell to the Kabul market relative to the brokers' channel. Also, educated farmers producing a high quantity onions, and having access to information and storage facility were more likely to sell to traders rather than brokers. Moreover, the probability of choosing brokers increased when farmers had another source of income and faced long distances to market.
FOOD SECURITY–TRADE NEXUS IN TIMES OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: COLAFEMMINA Davide , EL BILALI Hamid , BERJAN Sinisa , CAPONE Roberto
Published: April 2022

Despite the increase in agri-food trade, food insecurity is still a pressing challenge in many world regions. This is an indicator of the multifaceted relationship between trade and food security. Moreover, it is not clear how the outbreak of COVID-19 affected this relation. In this context, this article explores the outbreak’s impacts on food security-trade nexus starting from an analysis of the relations between agri-food trade and the four dimensions of food security (viz. availability, access, utilization, stability), and then by exploring how the pandemic has changed this relationship. It draws upon a systematic review of documents indexed in Scopus carried out in October 2020. Results show the central role of trade in ensuring food security and highlight that international trade has been disrupted due to border closures and the indirect consequences of the pandemic containment policies imposed on the industrial business sectors all over the world. Furthermore, we highlight that the current agricultural trade framework, defined by import dependencies and structural fragility, has exacerbated the outbreak’s consequences on food security. Food-related impacts of the pandemic vary not only from a country to another – depending, among others, on the epidemiological situation – but also among socio-economic groups; under these circumstances, agri-food trade disruption has struck heavily on low- and middle-income countries. We underline the need for a more sustainable and regional model of international trade to overcome the weaknesses of the ‘business as usual’ model and ensure food security for all.
EFFECT OF STATE SUBSIDIES GRANTED TO FARMERS FOR CERTIFIED SEEDS ON WHEAT YIELD IN TURKEY
Authors: CEVHER Celal , COŞKUN CEVHER Şule
Published: April 2022

Wheat grown in many regions in the world and in Turkey; It is an important plant in terms of its large producer mass and being the basic food of people. Wheat is an important nutritional raw material because it ranks first in consumption of foodstuffs made from wheat in Turkey. Wheat takes the first place with a rate of 69% among the total grain cultivation areas in our country. Farmers in Turkey have been subsidized to use certified seeds since 2004. However, studies to determine the effect of certified seed subsidies given to farmers are limited. In this study, the effect of the use of certified seeds on wheat yield, quality, and production cost was investigated. Study data were collected from 318 farmers. The survey was carried out between October and November 2018. In the selection of sample villages, the purposive-sampling method was used. The yield following the use of certified seeds regarding wheat production in dry areas increased by 41.4%, and in irrigated areas by 23.8%. With this increase, $130.24 per hectare more in dry areas and $79.64 more in irrigated areas were obtained. However, it was determined that the production costs in wheat production decreased by $10.64 per hectare in dry and by $11.78 in irrigated areas. It was concluded that certified-wheat-seed support increased wheat production in dry areas more than in irrigated areas. In addition, it was found that it contributed to the reduction of the cost of wheat production and the improvement of wheat quality.
THE QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS DEPENDING ON APPLICATION OF ADSORBENTS
Authors: ĐOKIĆ Slobodan , MARINKOVIĆ Radojka , KOVAČEVIĆ Jovana , MAKSIMOVIĆ Ljubiša , TODOROVIĆ Jovana , STANIŠIĆ Jelena , TODOROVIĆ Rastko
Published: April 2022

A potato is a field crop that is extremely important in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but according to all indicators the production is very unstable and unreliable (production volume and quality, average yields, range). For the research needs, the experiments were set up at two localities, Bijeljina and East Sarajevo, with use of superadsorbent of different composition (control variant; superadsorbent; superadsorbent enriched with growth stimulants; superadsorbent enriched with microorganisms; superadsorbent enriched with microorganism. The main goal of this research was to determine the influence of superadsorbent and locality on the chemical composition of the tuber.The analysis of the results showed that the use of different variants of the adsorbent had a highly significant effect on the examined properties, while the site influence had high significance for the dry matter, ash and starch content and significantly affected the nitrate content in the tuber. In the control variant, the tubers had the lowest dry matter content, the lowest starch content, but the highest in the variant with superadsorbent enriched with microorganisms. The highest ash content was in tubers in the variant with superadsorbent, and the lowest in the variant with superadsorbent enriched with growth stimulants, microorganisms and microelements. Using the superadsorbent enriched with growth stimulants, the lowest nitrate content in the tuber was determined, and the highest in the control variant. At the site in East Sarajevo, the tubers had a higher content of dry matter and starch, while the content of ash and nitrate was higher in Bijeljina.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RIPARIAN COMMON REED BIOMASS FOR RUMINANTS
Authors: ZARALIS Konstantinos , PAPATHANASIOU Fokion , KOUTSERI Irene , MALAKOU Myrsini , PAPADOPOULOS Angelos , PLIANTSA Anastasia , AGGELAKI Marialena , KARETSA Vasiliki , PAPADOPOULOS Ioannis
Published: April 2022

The extensive reedbeds, especially Phragmites australis, that spread around then perimeter of the lake Mikri Prespa, a Ramsar protected lake in the northwest of Greece, serves beneficially for several human activities and wildlife needs. Nevertheless, the apparent overgrowth and removal of this vegetation is often problematic and imposes difficulties in management and increases costs. Recent research is focusing into the use of P. australis as an alternative or complementary feed for ruminants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritive value of P. australis biomass derived from the riparian vegetation as a potential animal feed. Biomass samples were collected from six different sites of the Mikri Prespa lake in two different time periods (i.e. early August and late October 2020). The samples were analyzed for macro- and trace elements, total protein, NDF, fat and nitrogen-free extracts. Location and sampling date had a significant effect on all macronutrient concentrations with significant reductions in the second sampling period. For the trace elements zinc, copper and boron higher concentrations were observed in August, while the concentration of iron increased significantly in October. Dry matter and NDF content of P. australis was particularly high, 67.08% and 46.3% respectively; while protein content was rather moderate (8.38%, August sampling) to low (5.06%, October sampling). The results show that the nutritive value of P. australis is comparable to feeds widely used in ruminant nutrition such as wheat straw or marc, indicating a potential use as an alternative or complementary coarse feed with appropriate administration or treatment.
IMPACT OF PRUNING LEVEL ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OFCARIGNAN WINE GRAPE CULTIVAR UNDER AS-SWEIDA GOVERNORATE CONDITIONS
Authors: MUZHER Bayan M. , ALHALABI Ola T. , ABOU-HAMDAN Samer
Published: April 2022

This research was carried out in the fields and laboratories of Apple and grapevine Research Department in Sweida Governorate- Syria during the period 2016-2018 on 20 years old Carignan wine grape cultivar grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, in order to study the impact of the pruning level on productivity, and quantitative and qualitative characters of bunches and berries. The vines were pruned with three levels 4, 6 and 8 nodes/cane, with a total of 48 fruitful buds/vine. The results showed that the highest average of fertility rate was at 8 nodes/cane (76%). Productivity varied by the applied Pruning treatments as the pruning treatment 4 buds/cane significantly revealed the highest production (15 Kg/vine). Concerning the average of bunch weight, there were no significant variance among all pruning levels, and the highest bunch average weight was in 8 buds/cane treatment (163g), which also significantly revealed the highest weight of 100 berries (195.6 g), as well as the average ratio of juice (66.2 ml/100g). However, the effect of pruning levels varied in the average of total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar (TS), and titratable acidity (TA). Consequently, the results indicate the effective role of determining the level of pruning in Carignan wine grape cultivar and its impact on fertility, production characteristics and quality characters of this wine grape cultivar.
TRANSITION TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN MOROCCO
Authors: EL BILALI Hamid , EL GHMARI Hamza , HARBOUZE Rachid
Published: April 2022

Agriculture is a vital sector in Morocco; it contributes 13% to the gross domestic product and employs around 30% of the total workforce and 70% in the rural areas. This puts agriculture in a sensitive spot where it affects the livelihoods of a great proportion of the population. Moroccan agricultural development programs (viz. Green Morocco Plan 2008-2019 and Green Generation 2020-2030) aim to enhance the livelihoods of farmers by focusing on the valorisation of small farms and rural areas through the development of protected geographic indications (PGI), cooperatives, and organic farming. This review paper describes the dynamics and development process of the organic agriculture niche in Morocco through the lens of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions. The MLP is a widely used framework that bases its analysis on transitions being the result of the interaction of niches, socio-technical regimes, and socio-technical landscape. Niches represent novelties, regimes are the incumbent and dominant systems, and the landscape includes the external factors that affect both regimes and niches and shape their development. Results show that although the organic niche is well established (11,000 ha of organic land area in 2019), it is still developing at a slower rate than expected. While organic farming does solve many sustainability challenges that Moroccan agriculture faces, it still lacks the infrastructure and human capital to succeed as a niche. All in all, organic farming is still in the first transition stages and can follow a multitude of pathways before becoming relevant in the current agri-food system.
TENDENCIES AND PREDICTION OF PRICES OF INDUSTRIAL CROPS IN SERBIA
Authors: NOVKOVIĆ Nebojša , MUTAVDŽIĆ Beba , DRINIĆ Ljiljana , JOVANOVIĆ Snežana , TEKIĆ Dragana
Published: April 2022

The research in this paper deals with the prices of the most important industrial crops in Serbia – soybean, sunflower, sugarbeet, rapeseed and tobacco. The main aim of the research was to perform aquantitative analysisto determine the trends in the prices and to predict the trends for the following period. The analysis was based on the average annual prices for the period 2005-2019. The quantitative analysis was performed by using methods of descriptive statistics and the average annual rate of change to discover the trendsfor the analyzed period and to predict the trends for the following five years (2020-2024). The average annual price of soybean was 311.86 EUR/t. The price ranged between 189 and 527 EUR/t. The annual change rate of soybean price in Serbia in the analyzed period was 2.76%. The average annual price of sunflower was 264.78 EUR/t. The price ranged between 163 and 455 EUR/t. The annual change rate of sunflower price in Serbia was 2.13%. The average annual price of sugarbeet was 31.60 EUR/t. The price ranged between 24.36 and 40.31 EUR/t. The annual change rate of sugar beet price was 1.85 %. The average annual price of rapeseed was 299.58 EUR/t. The price ranged between 145 and 447 EUR/t. The annual change rate was 5.84%. The average annual price of tobacco was 1,749 EUR/t. The price ranged between 1,068 and 2,159 EUR/t. The annual change rate of tobacco price in Serbia was 3.90%.The predictions show that the expected prices for the industrial crops in 2024 in Serbia will be as follows: soybean 337, sunflower 266, sugar beet 35.33, rapeseed 425 and tobacco 2,208 EUR/t. Keywords: industrial crops, soybean, sunflower, sugarbeet, rapeseed, tobacco, prices prediction, Serbia.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE MINERAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN CEREAL PRODUCTION
Authors: GAVRILOVIĆ Marija , DIMITRIJEVIĆ Aleksandra , MILEUSNIĆ Zoran , MIODRAGOVIĆ Rajko , UGRINOVIĆ Milan , ĐORĐEVIĆ Radiša , CVIKIĆ Dejan
Published: April 2022

Cereal grains have represented the principal component of the human diet for thousands of years. Modern cereal production cannot be imagined without the use of mineral fertilizers, particularly in terms of better utilization of biological potential of the yield of growing plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energetic efficiency of wheat and barley production, with special reference to the share of the use of mineral fertilizers in total energy consumption. Input data and yield of wheat and barley fields were collected in the experimental trials in Serbia. Results showed that total energy inputs of wheat and barley fields were 22178.04 and 15921.16 MJ·ha-1, respectively. Total energy outputs for wheat and barley fields were 80037.83 and 104496.08 MJ·ha-1, respectively. The results obtained indicate that mineral fertilizers claim a share of the total energy consumption in cereal production ranging from 49.19% in barley to 52.01% in wheat. Specific energy input, energy output–input ratio (energy use efficiency), energy productivity and net energy gain were 5.13 MJ·kg-1, 3.61,0.19 kg·MJ-1 and57859.79MJ·ha-1in wheat system and 2.75 MJ·kg-1, 6.56, 0.36 kg·MJ-1 and 88574.92 MJ·ha-1 in barley system, respectively. According to the results, it seems that barley production is more efficient from different aspects of energy consumption compared to wheat in the studied region. In general, production in barley fields was more sustainable than wheat production because, in view of ecological indices such as amount of energy use and renewable energy consumption, it was more environment-friendly production.
THE USE OF POTASSIUM SALTS UNIQUE PROPERTIES FOR SUPPRESSION OF POTATO PATHOGENS DURING STORAGE PERIOD
Authors: ISAEVICH Alexey G. , MAKSIMOV Alexander Y. , KORLYAKOV Konstantin N. , POSPELOV Dmitriy A. , TSEMA Lubov’ G. , LATYPOVA Anna L. , ZUBOV Nikita V.
Published: April 2022

Natural sylvinite has the property to produce light air ions due to air molecules contact with potassium and sodium cations. Such environment has the ability to inhibit the growth of potato pathogens. In given report the results of different methods of medium saturation with light negative ions are presented. The studied treatments were following: the surface from bulk sylvinite; aerosol generator (blowing air through salt filters). The filters with lumpy sylvinite filling and special pills from pressed sylvinite were used. Various modes of airing regimes were evaluated – three and six hours a day. The safety of tubers for the storage period, as well as the qualitative set of potato pathogens were assessed. The least number of infected tubers was noted in treatments with “pill”salt filter with three hours ventilation regime and the surface from bulk sylvinite (0.56 and 0.57%, respectively), the largest number of diseased tubers - in the control variant - 1.18%. The smallest mass loss of tubers in the period from January 29 to April 14 was recorded in the treatment with pill salt filter with with three hours ventilation regime - 1.53%, the maximum loss - when using a surface from bulk sylvinite - 2.9%. After studies in typical storages equipped with standard ventilation systems, a technology for potato storage, based on the creation favorable air environment saturated with negative air ions and saline aerosol, will be developed.
EFFECT OF LAND USE AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON SOIL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF CAMBISOLS IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS
Authors: KERCHEVA Milena , GLUSHKOVA Maria , DONEVA Katerina , STOINOV Stanimir , VELIZAROVA Emiliya
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of land use, location, and soil properties on the distribution and dynamics of the soil temperature, the accumulated heat and the apparent thermal diffusivity of Cambisols in three mountain regions in Bulgaria. Annual distribution of the soil temperature (Ts) of Cambisols was registered under different land use (grassland, bare soil, deciduous and coniferous vegetation) during period June 2018-May 2021. Every day measurements were realized at 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm depths in 11 plots within the territory of the experimental stations Gabra (~920 m.), Govedartzi (~1540 m.), and Igralishte (~850 m) of the Forest Research Institute, situated in the Lozen, Rila and Maleshevska Mountains, respectively, in the South-Western part of Bulgaria. The experimental stations differ in climatic conditions and soil physical and chemical properties. The heat accumulated in 0-50 cm soil layer was assessed by the sum of Ts for the period with Ts > 5oC. The heat accumulated in bare soil was the highest (4067-3544oC), followed by the sums under grassland (3849-3453 oC) and forest (3096-3300 oC) in Gabra and Igralishte. The relative decrease of the accumulated heat under woodland in comparison to grassland was 18-20% in Gabra and 4-7% in Igralishte. At the higher elevation in Govedartzi the heat accumulated under grassland was 10-12% less than under woodland. The apparent thermal diffusivities () were estimated using annual amplitudes of Ts at depths 0.02 and 0.20 m. The data showed that the values of  under grass in Gabra 0.212 mm2 s-1 and in Igralishte 0.535 mm2 s-1 were higher than under forest vegetation 0.061-0.133 mm2 s-1 and bare soil 0.049-0.071 mm2 s-1. In Govedartzi the thermal diffusivity was higher 0.118 mm2 s-1 under Norway spruce than under grassland 0.070 mm2 s-1 and Scots pine 0.079 mm2 s-1.
Comprehensive study of the toponymic landscape of the local territory: the area of the Ryazan villages of Dyadkovo and Vyshgorod
Authors: Gordova Yuliana
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the toponymy of the Ryazan district of the Ryazan region, which belongs to one of the concentration zones of the Old Russian toponymy of the region. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive survey of the toponymic landscape of the Ryazan villages of Dyadkovo – Vyshgorod with the identification of the most ancient layer of local names, their linguistic and chronological attribution. The sources of the material are Russian chronicles, scribal books, historical and modern topographic maps, as well as data from the author's toponymic expedition of 2021. In the analysis of the material, etymological, structural-semantic, formant, areal methods, the method of comparing linguistic, archaeological, geographical and historical data are used. The novelty of the research lies in the collection and systematization of the modern toponymy of the studied area, a comprehensive description of the Old Russian group of toponyms, identification of links with the territories of earlier Slavic settlement. It is established that the toponymy of this area does not reveal traces of a toponymic substrate, which indicates that the territory was fully developed in the past by the ancient Russian population. The etymology of the names is related to the traditional Slavic geographical terminology (city ‘fortified settlement’, Vyshegorod ‘fortified settlement on a hill’ or ‘city laid upstream from another city’, bystrets ‘small river with a fast current’, raka ‘river with a narrow channel and high steep banks'), Slavic terms kinship or Old Russian namesake (uncle "father's or mother's brother", personal name Uncle). The existing etymologies of names that go back to geographical terms are confirmed by the geographical realities of the area. The appellatives of Ryazan toponyms reveal areal connections with the territories of the basins of the Dnieper, Dniester, Desna, the Carpathian zone, and toponyms – with the Kiev toponymy. The study confirms the importance of conducting toponymic expeditions in the comprehensive study of the toponymic landscape of local territories, even taking into account temporary changes in relief, fauna and hydrographic network. The results of the study are of interest for historical lexicography, regional and interregional toponymy, toponymic cartography.