bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of LV Global Longitudinal Strain by 2D and 3D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Patients With HFpEF
Authors: Lin Yixia , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li , Zhang Yanting , Zhang Peige , Chen Xin , Ji Mengmeng , Gao Lang , He Qing , Wu Zhenni , Yang Yali , Li Yuman
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and its prognostic implications remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate LV function using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with HFpEF with and without T2D, and to investigate its prognostic significance.

METHODS:

A total of 335 patients with HFpEF were prospectively enrolled for echocardiographic evaluation. LV GLS was obtained using 2D- and 3D-speckle-tracking echocardiography. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine predictors of adverse outcomes. The C-index, Akaike information criterion, integrated discrimination improvement, and net reclassification improvement were used to assess model performance and discriminative ability.

RESULTS:

LV 2D-GLS and 3D-GLS were impaired in patients with HFpEF and T2D compared with those without T2D. After a median follow-up of 17.6 months, 150 patients experienced adverse outcomes. Both 2D-GLS (hazard ratio, 1.323 [95% CI, 1.225–1.429];
P
<0.001) and 3D-GLS (hazard ratio, 1.412 [95% CI, 1.316–1.515];
P
<0.001) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with HFpEF after adjustment for confounders. The predictive accuracy of a model incorporating 3D-GLS (Akaike information criterion=−583.9, C-index=0.775 [95% CI, 0.742–0.808]) was superior to models using 2D-GLS (Akaike information criterion=−533.3, C-index=0.719 [95% CI, 0.678–0.760], ΔC-index=0.056;
P
=0.034) and LV ejection fraction (Akaike information criterion=−498.9, C-index=0.659 [95% CI, 0.610–0.708], ΔC-index=0.116;
P
<0.001). The addition of 2D-GLS and 3D-GLS to the base model significantly enhanced its discriminatory and predictive abilities (integrated discrimination improvement=0.225 and 0.280; net reclassification improvement=0.612 and 0.734, respectively,
P
<0.001 for all).

CONCLUSIONS:

LV 2D-GLS and 3D-GLS are impaired in patients with HFpEF and T2D, and are independent predictors of adverse outcomes. Moreover, 3D-GLS provides incremental prognostic value over 2D-GLS.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100047487.
How to Put Survival After Cardiothoracic Interventions in the General Population Context: A Case-Based Practical Guideline to Calculate Cumulative Matched-General-Population Survival
Authors: Wang Xu , Notenboom Maximiliaan L. , Veen Kevin M. , Grashuis Pepijn , Andrinopoulou Eleni-Rosalina , Etnel Jonathan R.G. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Mokhles Mostafa M. , Takkenberg Johanna J.M.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Observed patient survival after cardiothoracic interventions should ideally be placed in the context of matched-general-population survival. This study outlines several methodologies of matching general population mortality to the study sample, subsequently calculating cumulative matched-general-population survival, highlighting their respective advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.

METHODS:

A multicenter data set containing survival data after the Ross procedure was used for methodological illustration. General population mortality was extracted from country-specific life tables in the Human Mortality Database. The matched-general-population mortality, also known as background mortality, was obtained by matching general population mortality to the study sample using different matching strategies, iteratively considering median/individual age and median/individual calendar year, besides country and sex. The corresponding cumulative matched-general-population survival was calculated subsequently. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of varying patient ages on survival estimates by adding and subtracting 15 years from individual patients. A web-based Shiny Application (App) was developed to easily calculate cumulative matched-general-population survival.

RESULTS:

In total, 1431 hospital survivors from the Ross procedure from 5 countries (25.7% female; median age, 48.5 [interquartile range, 42.7–54.0] years) were included. Fifteen-year survival was 88.3% (95% CI, 85.3–90.6). Cumulative matched-general-population 15-year survival varied from 87.7% to 89.8% using the 3 methods of different complexities. For 15-year-older patients, the cumulative matched-general-population 15-year survival was 67.4%, 59.8%, and 63.2%, respectively, using the simplest to the most comprehensive matching methods; for 15-year-younger patients, it was 96.9%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Different methodologies to match general population mortality to observed patient mortality yield variable estimates of cumulative matched-general-population survival, especially in older patients. The cumulative matched-general-population survival should ideally be calculated by considering country, sex, individual patient age, and calendar year (both updated annually). This method can be easily implemented using the web-based Shiny App enclosed in this article.
Time in Target Range for Blood Pressure and Adverse Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Huairong , Song Jialu , Liu Zhike , Yu Huan , Wang Kun , Qin Xueying , Wu Yiqun
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Blood pressure (BP) time in target range (TTR) reflects the proportion of time that BP measurement is within a specified target range. We aim to summarize the evidence for relationships between TTR and adverse health outcomes.

METHODS:

Seven databases were searched. After quality assessment and data extraction, meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled estimates of the association (hazard ratios) between TTR and health outcomes. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and adverse kidney events.

RESULTS:

In all, 21 studies were included, mostly rated at low risk of bias. TTR was defined by systolic BP (SBP) in 15 studies and by both SBP and diastolic BP in 6 studies. Per SD increase of TTR was associated with significantly decreased risks of all-cause mortality (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: hazard ratios, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82–0.89]; 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70–0.94]; and 70–80 mm Hg diastolic BP TTR: 0.88 [95% CI, 0.83–0.93]), cardiovascular death (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78–0.87]; 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.65–0.89]; and 70–80 mm Hg diastolic BP TTR: 0.85 [95% CI, 0.80–0.90]), major adverse cardiovascular events (120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70–0.83]), and heart failure (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76–0.93] and 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.68–0.89]). However, there was not sufficient support for the association of TTR with myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or adverse kidney events.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher TTR was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular events, and heart failure, highlighting the importance of sustained BP control in clinical practice.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42023486437.
Stroke Mimics at 30 Years: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Now, and Where We Are Going
Authors: Khawar Haroon , McFarlane Spencer , Libman Richard B.
Published: January 2025

Stroke mimics and chameleons remain a major challenge to the clinician and clinical investigator. Misdiagnosis of stroke can result in significant harm to our patients, as well as unnecessary financial costs to the health care systems internationally. The approach to stroke mimics and chameleons has evolved over time with the development of clinical scales and technology. The combination of these tools with clinical acumen can minimize diagnostic errors to the benefit of patients.
Transnational Familial Business and Inter-generational Conflicts within Vietnamese Diaspora in the Urban Spaces of the Czechia
Authors: Kraus Filip , Thu Mai Thi , Dang Bui Hai
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: In the contemporary globalized world, with migration and mobility occurring at an unprecedented scale, it is crucial to understand the lives of various diasporas and their integration challenges within host societies, particularly those diasporas that are culturally very different from the host society. This article analyzes the socio-economic and cultural sources of intergenerational conflicts within Vietnamese diasporic families living in the Czech Republic.Methods: The research adopted an ethnographic approach, the analytical data based on three years of participant observations and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 43 first-generation and 35 individuals from 1.5 and second-generation Vietnamese Czechs in Brno, Prague, and Olomouc.Results: Through the lens of acculturation, the article demonstrates that first-generation Vietnamese migrants come to the Czech Republic as part of a broader family network to improve their family/kin's financial situation and secure a better future for their children. In the host country, they establish transnational family business networks, which provide socio-economic security and upward mobility for the entire family/kin. However, the uncertainties embedded in the migrant’s temporary status, and their social networks are founded on traditional Vietnamese family values, morality, and ethics, which shared not common by the second generation.Conclusion: The social positions, the transnational family networks, and the differing cultural values between the two generations generate intergenerational conflicts, particularly concerning the second generation's life strategies, such as forming romantic or marital partnerships with members of the host society.
An Analysis of Visual Behavior Characteristics of Naturalistic Gardens Using Eye-Tracking
Authors: Lee Hyung-Sook , Qian Wang , Lee Jeong-Yeon
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: As the understanding of biodiversity and sustainable ecological landscapes has increased, public interest in naturalistic landscapes has grown. However, naturalistic landscapes are still often seen as messy or even unsafe, and research findings on public perceptions remain inconsistent. The purposes of this study were to analyze public’s perception of naturalistic landscapes in Korea and to explore the value of naturalistic landscapes. Research on naturalistic landscapes in Korea remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze public’s perception of naturalistic landscapes in Korea, and explored the value of naturalistic landscapes.Methods: This study explores the perceived value of naturalistic landscapes in Korea in terms of ecological value, aesthetics, and preference for naturalistic and formal landscapes. An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to investigate the visual patterns of participants and differences in their attention toward the landscape elements of naturalistic and formal landscapes. Forty participants evaluated six images (three naturalistic landscapes and three formal landscapes) containing six elements (trees, shrubs, flowers, water, buildings, and hardscapes).Results: The results revealed significant differences in perception between naturalistic and formal landscapes. Although participants were more familiar with formal landscapes, they had a higher perception of the ecological value, aesthetics, and preference for naturalistic landscapes. The eye-tracking results showed that the visual patterns were relatively dispersed across the naturalistic landscapes, while they were more concentrated in the formal landscapes. Participants spent more time looking at shrubs and flowers in the naturalistic landscapes. In the formal landscapes, attention was drawn more to hardscapes, buildings, and water.Conclusion: These findings suggest that naturalistic landscapes not only benefit biodiversity and ecological sustainability but also align with public aesthetics. There is thus a need to consider incorporating more naturalistic landscapes into urban landscape design and to explore natural planting methods and compositional schemes that highlight their value.
Effects of a Forest Meditation Therapy Program on Reducing Daily Stress and Promoting Coping
Authors: Yeo Soo-Young , Lee Mi-Mi , Shin Won-Sop
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Self-compassion-based forest meditation therapy program in reducing daily stress and enhancing coping resources. Based on growing evidence supporting nature-based interventions for mental health, this program was designed to explore the effects of forest meditation therapy on stress, connectedness to nature, and self-compassion.Methods: Thirty participants (2 males, 28 females) recruited as adults (mean age 60 years) living in Seoul and Gyeonggi were assigned to experimental and control groups based on the order of enrollment. Two forest meditation therapy sessions were held between October and November 2023, with a two-week interval between sessions. Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention, after the first session, and after the second session. The primary measures included perceived stress, positive and negative affect, salivary cortisol levels, connectedness to nature, and self-compassion.Results: The experimental group showed significant reductions in perceived stress (F = 6.213, p = .007) and increases in positive affect compared to the control group (F = 3.556, p =.036). While negative affect significantly decreased in the experimental group (F = 5.509, p = .024), no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Cortisol levels significantly decreased in the experimental group post-intervention (z = -2.341, p = .019). Furthermore, the experimental group showed significant improvements in connectedness to nature (F = 6.205, p = .007) and a significant positive trend toward increased self-compassion compared to the control group (F = 4.046, p = .023).Conclusion: The Self-compassion-based Forest Meditation Therapy Program appears to be effective in managing stress and enhancing key coping resources such as connectedness to nature and self-compassion. These findings suggest that forest meditation therapy could serve as a valuable public health intervention for stress reduction. Future research with larger samples and extended follow-up periods is recommended to further explore its long-term benefits.
Effects on Heart Rate Variability and EEG of Type of Participation in Health Tourism Programs Involving Stays in Hot Springs and Forests in Asan
Authors: Kim Ki Hong , Kim Byung Kwan , Jeong Hwan Jong , Son Jae Heon
Published: January 2025

Background and objective: Health tourism, which involves activities for health promotion and therapeutic travel, is gaining attention as a means of stress and fatigue relief. While therapeutic programs involving forests and hot springs have been reported to have positive effects, there is a lack of research on the combined benefits of these environments, as well as comparative studies of static and dynamic health tourism. Therefore, this study aimed to examine changes in stress levels by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalograms (EEG) taken from participants in different types of health tourism programs involving stays in hot springs and forests.Methods: A total of 20 adults (9 males and 11 females) were randomly assigned to either the Relax Tour program (N=10) or the Activity Tour program (N=10). Both health tour programs, which included forest walking and aquatic exercise in hot springs, were implemented. To ensure homogeneity between the groups, physical characteristics, EEG, and HRV were assessed using independent samples t-tests. The effects of the health tourism participation type on EEG and HRV were analyzed using a two-way mixed-design ANOVA. When significant differences were found, post-hoc analyses were conducted using the Bonferroni method.Results: An HRV analysis showed no significant differences between the groups; however, significant changes were observed based on the time points measured. An EEG analysis showed a significant increase in alpha waves in the Activity Tour group, while the Relax Tour group also showed a trend toward improvement in alpha waves.Conclusion: The effects of a health tourism program combining forest and hot spring activities on the autonomic nervous system and EEG were analyzed. The Activity Tour group showed an increase in alpha and beta waves, while both the Activity and Relax Tour groups showed a decrease in RMSSD and SDNN in HRV. This suggests that physical fatigue and mental activation may occur simultaneously. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider long-term effects and optimization in program design to reduce physical fatigue and maximize psychological stability and cognitive recovery to increase effectiveness.
System Vicarious Calibration for Climate and Global Long-Term Operational Ocean Color Applications
Authors: Zibordi Giuseppe , Johnson B. Carol , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Voss Kenneth J. , Antoine David , Barnard Andrew , Barnes Brian B. , Mélin Frédéric , Wang Menghua , Bialek Agnieszka , Bailey Sean , Chen Shuguo
Published: January 2025

System vicarious calibration (SVC) enhances the accuracy of satellite ocean color radiometric data products by removing the bias due to the intrinsic inaccuracies affecting both the responsivity of the space sensor and the correction for the atmospheric and sea surface contributions to the measured signal. Various SVC procedures have been implemented and applied for regional studies, specific mission goals, and the most challenging quantification of global long-term climate-driven changes that require accurate and consistent data products across multiple missions. This paper summarizes the outcome of a workshop organized by the ocean color SVC task force of the International Ocean Color Coordinating Group (IOCCG) to review requirements for SVC supporting ocean color missions for climate and global long-term operational applications. The work emphasizes the essential need for long-term sustained SVC infrastructures and associated services, summarizes the primary requirements for establishing a comprehensive ocean color SVC framework, and provides directions for new investigations to tackle arising needs on SVC advancements and methods.
Different Shades of Green? The Role of Green HRM and Its Authenticity in Cultivating Employee Commitment to Environment and Organization
Authors: Van Waeyenberg Thomas , Semeijn Judith H.
Published: January 2025

Green human resource management (HRM) leverages the workforce to advance environmental sustainability. While prior research predominantly examined green HRM’s impact on employees’ environmental dedication, this study takes a more comprehensive approach by investigating employees’ broader commitment to the organization and examining a potential boundary condition. We posit that employees’ perceptions of green HRM, along with their beliefs in its authenticity, interact and relate to both pro-environmental behavior and affective organizational commitment. Results from a vignette experiment indicate that these effects are stronger when green HRM is perceived as authentic rather than inauthentic. A subsequent time-lagged field survey study extends these findings, suggesting that green HRM fosters pro-environmental behavior, which in turn spills over into affective organizational commitment. This indirect relationship is more pronounced among employees with stronger authenticity beliefs. These results offer novel insights into green HRM’s role in promoting commitment to both the environment and the organization, highlighting the importance of adopting this role authentically.
Supervising, Coaching, and Preparing Dual Language Bilingual Education Teachers: A Collaborative Autoethnography
Authors: Domke Lisa M. , Valdez Christian , Amanti Cathy
Published: January 2025

Feedback and preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) clinical practice/field experiences are vital for their learning. Understanding influences on field supervisors’ feedback is critical, especially for preparing dual language bilingual education (DLBE) teachers because it requires specialized knowledge—yet systematic guidelines and programs for DLBE teacher preparation are lacking. We conducted a collaborative autoethnography to determine how our identities and experiences with language and DLBE related to our feedback and supervision of DLBE PSTs. We analyzed and discussed the narratives we wrote about our experiences and the feedback we provided while supervising 13 Spanish–English bilingual PSTs in elementary DLBE classrooms. Our identities and experiences, which were influenced by families, education, language histories, geography, and sociopolitical contexts, influenced our feedback. Considering identities and experiences illuminates what is (sometimes unconsciously) prioritized and ignored in feedback. Engaging in deep reflection is important for continued support of supervisors and PSTs.
Inguinal hernia mesh infections: Chronic challenges, atypical pathogens and lessons in sterilisation
Authors: Purkayastha Debaraj S , Mallick Anowar A , Das Gautam , Purkayastha Satakshi S
Published: January 2025

Chronic mesh infections after inguinal hernia repair present significant clinical challenges due to biofilm-mediated resistance, involvement of multidrug-resistant and atypical pathogens, and gaps in preventive strategies. Our case series of four patients highlights critical research gaps, including the overlooked role of atypical pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, diagnostic challenges in detecting slow-growing or resistant organisms and perioperative sterilisation lapses, especially inconsistent Glutaraldehyde use during late-day operations. Many patients suffered with persistent sinuses and recurrent hernias months after surgery. Microbiological analyses identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mixed flora. Complete mesh removal and culture-directed antimicrobial therapy resolved all cases within 8–12 months. Our study underscores the need for robust sterilisation protocols, advanced diagnostic measures and biofilm-resistant biomaterials.
Religious coping in parenting a child with Down syndrome: A case study
Authors: Lundmark Mikael , Raddock Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to illuminate (a) how religiosity can be manifest in a coping process associated with parenting a child with Down syndrome and (b) the complexity of this coping process in terms of the interdependence of identity, context, religion and coping. Following methods previously used in qualitative psychology of religious studies on religious people coping with cancer, religiosity is mapped out regarding how it is, and has been, manifest during the life before and after becoming a parent to a child with Down syndrome. An in-depth analysis is conducted on how the various manifestations of religiosity play out, and intervene with identity and context, in the process of coping with various challenges associated with parenting a child with Down syndrome. The results show experiences of personal growth regarding identity as well as experiences of spiritual growth. The most dominant religious manifestation associated to the analysed coping processes is the faith community’s various roles. The results are compared with methodologically, and conceptually, similar studies. In comparison with studies on religious people coping with cancer, the role of the faith community is much more dominant in the presented case. It is argued that this might have to do with the differences in nature between stressors associated with the own health/survival and parenting a child with Down syndrome, and it is suggested that the nature of stressors might play an important role when understanding the varieties of religious manifestations in religious coping.
Bridging the gap: A narrative synthesis of interventions promoting gender equality in schools in India
Authors: Nag Ritwika , Bhola Poornima , Janardhana N , Warrinner Lucy , Prabhu Sphoorthi G , Arelingaiah Mutharaju , Krupa AL , Jayalaxmi KP , Hugh-Jones Siobhan
Published: January 2025

Global gender inequality is a persistent challenge, and India grapples with gender disparities in various realms. Targeted initiatives are essential, particularly during adolescents’ formative years, to promote gender equity. Research on gender attitudes and norms in Indian schools is scarce, with even fewer studies evaluating the impact of interventions in this context. This narrative synthesis explores interventions implemented in Indian schools to promote gender equality. We conducted a systematic review, using a narrative synthesis approach, with five studies that focused on school-based interventions addressing gender attitudes and norms among Indian adolescents. All five interventions demonstrated improved gender equality outcomes, indicating that Indian schools an effectively cultivate gender-equitable attitudes and behaviors in adolescents. Future research should assess the long-term effectiveness and adaptability of these interventions across diverse contexts.
Clinical Characteristics of Ear Chondroid Syringoma: A Report of 2 Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Qi Wenwen , Xu Shuai , Zhang Yazhou , Zhang Shuaijun , Li Changle , Zhu Haiyuan , Han Jie , Xia Ming , Xie Fengyang
Published: January 2025

Chondroid syringoma, a mixed tumor of the skin, is an acquired hamartoma that differentiates into hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands. Chondroid syringoma in the ear region is exceptionally rare. However, we present 2 cases of ear chondroid syringoma: 1 involving multiple lesions in the external auditory canal and the other including a single lesion behind the auricle. We reviewed relevant literature to offer insights into the diagnosis and treatment of ear tumors in the future.
Media reporting of industrial wastewater issues in Kenya
Authors: Namwaya Otsieno , Koech Michael
Published: January 2025

Scholars have acknowledged the public health risks associated with industrial wastewater. Kenya’s close to 5000 industries discharge large volumes of wastewater, but the authorities have barely enforced the law on industrial wastewater disposal and therefore neighborhoods remain exposed to the effects of poorly managed wastewater from the industries. This is an issue of public interest that public media should seek to highlight. This study investigated how Kenyan media, as a public watchdog, reported the issue of industrial wastewater and therefore whether media has been able to set the agenda. The study was guided by three main objectives: (a) How did the media cover the issue of industrial wastewater in Kenya between January 2010 and December 2014? (b) What are public perceptions of the issue of industrial wastewater and the media’s handling of the issue? (c) What is the link between public perception, government policy and media coverage of the issue of industrial wastewater in Kenya? The study employed a mixed methods approach, using content analysis for newspaper articles and survey study for public perception, and therefore the study generated both qualitative and quantitative data. The study found that Kenyan media reporting on issues of industrial wastewater was very infrequent, less detailed, and the articles were not so prominently displayed. Members of the public said they were unhappy with the media for not paying attention to the issue of industrial wastewater and most respondents said they no longer rely on traditional media for information on industrial wastewater. The public is frustrated with the authorities for failing to enforce the law on industrial wastewater disposal and the inability of the authorities to protect communities from harm. Since the public has opted to seek information elsewhere and not the traditional media, it is fair to argue that the media has failed to build the much-needed trust and confidence among its audience that would have enabled it to set the agenda on the issue of industrial wastewater. To win back the public and become effective on the issue, the media should increase the frequency of coverage, seek to display articles on industrial wastewater more prominently and do more to include the voices of the affected communities in their articles.
Between affection and control: Chinese migrant mothers’ motherhood practices based on the mediated one-dimensional visibility of home cameras
Authors: Yunhong Lyu , Syed Zainudin Sharifah Sofiah , Boon Sim Ng
Published: January 2025

Home surveillance cameras provide new ways for Chinese migrant mothers to provide such care. Existing research on migrant women’s motherhood focuses mainly on two-way communication technologies represented by mobile text messages and phone calls, without discussing individual surveillance technologies and their compatibility and contradictions with long-distance motherhood. This study will define visibility based on home cameras as mediated one-dimensional visibility and ask what role home cameras, as a surveillance technology, have played in the remote performance of mothering by female migrant workers in China and what kind of mothering practices they have given rise to. The findings show that the one-dimensional visibility provided by home cameras alleviates the anxieties of migrant mothers regarding the lack of intimacy and supervised education due to the features of being able to watch at any time without having to answer and secretive gazing. With this one-dimensional visibility, migrant mothers can watch their children from a distance and provide behavioral interventions and control. However, these interventions can both promote and diminish intimacy. When the two are in conflict, migrant mothers prioritize maintaining intimate relationships, which can have an impact on their children’s growth. This enriches our understanding of mediated motherhood.
Investigating the role of age, admission systolic blood pressure, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting left ventricular hypertrophy among patients with primary hypertension
Authors: Hu Xiaoyong , Arthur Vithran Djandan Tadum , Yang Zhaoying , Zou Ting , Tang Rui , Li Hongjian
Published: January 2025

Objective

In patients with primary hypertension (PH), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a critical predictor of cardiovascular events. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of LVH in patients with PH.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 2321 patients with PH at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2022 to January 2024. Patients were classified into LVH and non-LVH groups; LVH was defined as left ventricular mass index (LVMI) >115 g/m2 for men and >95 g/m2 for women. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to identify risk factors for LVH.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the LVH and non-LVH groups in age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), body mass index, serum creatinine (SCr), lymphocyte count, and hypertension duration. Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, SBP, SCr, and NLR as independent risk factors for LVH. A combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.711 (95% CI: 0.68–0.74), with 75.3% sensitivity and 59.2% specificity.

Conclusion

Age, sex, SBP, SCr, and NLR were independent predictors for LVH in patients with PH. Our combined diagnostic model provides valuable insight for early LVH screening, aiding timely clinical intervention.
Efficient utilisation of waste steel slag in slag-making process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Jing , Yan Wei , Li Bo , Liu Shen
Published: January 2025

A novel technique to recycle waste steel slag is to optimise the foam slag process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces (EAFs). The influence of waste steel slag addition on the basicity of final slag was studied, as slag basicity significantly affects foaming performance. The minimum control requirement of not less than 1.8 was obtained to calculate the maximum mass of waste steel slag. The above results were obtained through the use of thermodynamic calculation software Factsage8.3 and theoretical calculations. The properties of the foam slag were investigated, revealing improved effective viscosity. The optimised foaming index ranged from 2.27 to 2.65 s, compared with 1.63 to 2.45 s before optimisation. The optimisation was achieved by controlling the amount of waste steel slag and other additives, as well as the usage of oxygen and carbon powder. The average consumption reduction of oxygen, carbon powder, and electricity was 2.68 Nm3/t steel, 1.12 kg/t steel and 10.12 kWh/t steel in the industrial trials, respectively. The degree of metallisation has increased due to the reduction in oxygen consumption and slag production. It was observed that waste steel slag can be recycled successfully as an additive on an industrial scale.
Construction of intelligent coal blending system based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Haichao , Wang Shijie , Yang Yafei , Fang Hongming , Guo Weijing
Published: January 2025

The quality of coke is crucial to the steel-making process, and advanced coal blending technology can effectively improve the stability of coke and reduce production costs. However, some of the current coal blending systems lack expertise and are out of touch with the actual situation of the factory, unable to meet production requirements. In the research process, this paper combined the conventional indicators measured in Chinese factories with actual data, and established a reliable database. In the back propagation neural network modeling process, several parameters were optimised, significantly improving the prediction performance compared to traditional regression methods. An evolutionary algorithm with a penalty matrix is used to optimise the coal blending ratio, resulting in a reduction in the ash and sulphur content of the coke, as well as a cost reduction of approximately 44 RMB per tonne. Based on the initial research results, an intelligent coal blending system was developed, which has been successfully applied in the production process of a coke plant, with simple operation and stable operation, providing important reference for the development of coal blending systems in other coke plants.
From the bench to public policy: Enhancing public trust in science
Authors: Parthasarathy Shobita
Published: January 2025

There is growing concern around the world about declining trust in the scientific enterprise. Some STS scholars argue that the solution is to move to a system of ‘virtual diversity’ where scientists are responsible for translating public concerns into their work. This commentary argues that this containment approach will have the opposite effect. The history of similar efforts suggests that scientists have trouble understanding the scope and urgency of public frustrations, and devalue the contributions of non-scientists, damaging the social fabric. A better approach for producing socially useful science and enhancing public trust is to create a truly inclusive scientific enterprise, which takes the knowledge and priorities of non-scientists seriously and engages them throughout the investigative process.
Didactic models for active and inquiry-based learning of machines and mechanisms
Authors: Bartolomé E
Published: January 2025

Didactic models are invaluable resources for teaching Machines and Mechanisms, a crucial subject in the Engineering curriculum. This work investigates the impact of various types of models on learning outcomes across different instructional approaches, from traditional to active and inquiry-based learning methods. We analyzed a range of didactic models used in a second-year Theory of Machines and Mechanism (TMM) course at EUSS School of Engineering in Barcelona over the past decade, including: i) mechanical models built with “Meccano” parts, 3D-printed models, and kits simulating “fairground attractions”, introduced in traditional teaching settings; ii) real machines and student-developed models used in in TMM courses based on the “Study and Research Path” (SRP) approach, and iii) advanced didactic machines, created by fourth-year students. We discuss the educational benefits provided by these models, considering aspects like the theoretical concepts they mobilize, their construction (by teachers or students), design flexibility, materials used, complexity, and realism. Additionally, we examine how these models enrich the Media and Milieu dialectics, promote the development of both technical and transversal skills, and present a range of advantages and challenges in each TMM context. Our findings offer valuable insights into how models enhance the teaching and learning experience in Machines and Mechanisms, guiding instructors in selecting appropriate models and instructional strategies based on course objectives, student characteristics, and contextual constraints.
Impact of system parameters on modal analysis of a DFIG open-loop system under weak, moderate, and strong grid conditions
Authors: Nirala Pritam Kumar , Bhushan Ravi , Jagtap Kushal M
Published: January 2025

This article presents an open-loop modal analysis of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to a single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) test system. The system includes several components: a wind turbine, wind generator, rotor-side converter (RSC), grid-side converter (GSC), and a line network. The dynamics of DFIG currents and voltages are modelled in a synchronously rotating reference frame under open-loop conditions. A small-signal stability (SSS) analysis identifies four distinct hidden system modes. Additionally, the influence of system parameter variations on these modes is investigated. Grid sensitivity analysis is conducted for varying grid strengths, such as weak, moderate, and strong. The system’s behaviour under grid disturbances and wind speed fluctuations is also studied through MATLAB simulations. Finally, the simulation results are validated through the OPAL-RT real-time simulator for practical applications.
Colorful past Bright Future
Authors: Tarricone Paul
Published: January 2025

Historical influences drove design decisions for this reimagined schoolhouse
Smoke and Mirrors
Authors: Desar Leonora
Published: January 2025

In New York City, a cellar-space cafeteria uses the magic of illusion
Working the American Dream
Authors: Schwirck Samantha
Published: January 2025

Radian's new headquarters is bright, easy to navigate and a metaphor for a national ethos
The Revolution
Authors: Nale Katie
Published: January 2025

After construction was paused during the Arab Spring, a luxury North African hotel made the switch to LED, while the country's political climate continued to simmer
Rare-Gas Discharge Lamps Suitable for Industrial Use
Authors: Anzai Yoshinori , Saikatsu Takeo , Yamazaki Hiroyoshi , Watanabe Keiji
Published: January 2025

Fluorescent lamps have been widely used for many industrial applications, but they have some inevitable defects, e.g. temperature dependence, slow response time and luminous flux degeneration. In order to improve the above mentioned problems, two new kinds of low-pressure rare-gas discharge lamps, red and near-infrared emitting lamps, have been developed. These lamps show instantaneous start-up time, virtually no performance degeneration and are largely independent of temperature-induced fluctuation.

These lamps have been applied to many industrial applications, for example, light sources for facsimile and optical character reader, illumination lamps for near-infrared imaging system which can pick up an object in complete darkness, and give satisfactory results.

The paper describes typical characteristics and some applications of the rare-gas discharge lamps.
Threshold Concepts in Economics: A New Way to Teach the Role of Government in the Economy
Authors: Khan Danish , Sanchez June
Published: January 2025

This article offers new insights on the issue of student-centric pedagogy. First, it underscores the significance of threshold concepts in teaching radical political economics. Second, it offers a new way to empower students by giving them a role of co-producers of knowledge in the classroom. The framing of threshold concepts is an important topic, but it has been understudied in the context of radical political economics. To initiate a dialogue on this issue, the article proposes the term “equality of opportunity” as a conceptual tool to recontextualize the significance of the role of government in the economy. We argue that the notion of equality of opportunity offers an advantageous vantage point for radical political economists to offer a holistic understanding of the dialectic of government-economy.

JEL Classification: A20, A22, B0, B5, P1, P5
Effect of FFF parameters on PLA/WD composite properties: Comparative analysis using Taguchi and GRA approach
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Negi Sushant , Bharat Nikhil , Veeman Dhinakaran , Kumar Vijay
Published: January 2025

This article explores the optimization of 3D printing parameters of PLA/wood dust (PLA/WD) composite material for enhanced physical properties, including density, surface roughness, water absorption, and Shore D hardness. The study employs a Taguchi-based L27 orthogonal array design for experimentation, with mathematical models created using grey relational analysis (GRA) to predict the material’s performance by obtaining a grey relational grade (GRG). The obtained GRG was further optimized using ANOVA. The FFF input parameters analyzed include nozzle temperature (190–200°C), layer height (0.12–0.28 mm), print speed (30–50 mm/min), infill density (80–100%), and raster angle (0–90°). The results indicate that a printing temperature of 195°C, a layer thickness of 0.12 mm, a print speed of 30 mm/sec, 100% infill density, and a raster angle of 45° yield the highest GRG, signifying the best overall performance. Furthermore, the data obtained from Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that, raster angle has the most substantial influence on physical characteristics, followed by infill %, print speed, print temperature, and layer thickness. The investigation of the sample using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed aspects of the sample morphology, including layer bonding irregularities and empty spaces, which impact the density and hardness of the material.
Maritime geographies and the borders of disease: Three historical precedents of quarantined vessels
Authors: Huang Chi Chi , Bashford Alison
Published: January 2025

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, vessels were suspended across the oceans, unable to dock and with passengers and crew denied local permission to disembark. These scenarios were another way in which the effects of this virus were understood to be ‘unprecedented’, seemingly disrupting existing protocols, regulations and lines of authority. However, this article historicizes the stranded cruise ship in examples from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries along Australia's coastline. By focusing on the finer processes of maritime quarantine that have shaped this nation, the authors argue that maritime quarantine routinely worked across and between multiple authorities, almost always crossing jurisdictional boundaries. Furthermore, these processes engaged with rapidly changing information between domestic and international ports to effectively manage outbreaks of infectious diseases, frequently using the vessel's mobility as part of the quarantine strategy.
Comprehensive review of 3D printing techniques emphasizing thermal characterization in biomedical prototyping
Authors: Chattopadhyay Jayeeta , Srivastava Nimmy , Pathak Tara Sankar
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of 3D printing technology has revolutionized biomedical engineering, enabling the creation of complex and personalized prototypes. Thermal properties play a crucial role in the performance and safety of these biomedical devices. Understanding their thermal behavior is essential for ensuring their effectiveness, reliability, and compatibility with the human body. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the thermal properties of 3D printed biomedical prototypes. It categorizes these prototypes based on thermal characteristics, examines the thermal attributes of various 3D printing materials, explores the thermal considerations for different biomedical devices, and identifies the challenges and future prospects in this dynamic field.
The usefulness of X-ray output management in general radiography systems using exposure index
Authors: Ogasawara Kazuhiro , Ohwada Shinya , Tachibana Rie , Ogasawara Katsuhiko
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The periodic quality control of X-ray devices is important for obtaining optical medical images and determining the appropriate X-ray exposure dose. Additionally, the measurement of the X-ray output is constrained by time, technical aspects, and expenses. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of a simple method for managing X-ray output using an Exposure Index (EI).

Methods

The entire surface of the flat panel detector was X-ray-irradiated every Friday at the time of end-of-work inspection under the condition that the recorded EI was approximately 1000. The EI and exposure dose were measured, and the linearity and accuracy were evaluated.

Results

The output gradually decreased from the start of the measurements in Room 1 and stabilized after the output was adjusted. The relationship between exposure dose and EI showed high linearity, with R2 > 0.99, and the CV of EI was less than 2.41%, indicating high reproducibility.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the results of constancy tests can be easily quantified using EI. The EI method can manage the X-ray output with good reproducibility.
Lifecycle cost analysis and performance evaluation of multi-stage screw compressors
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kovacevic Ahmed , Stosic Nikola
Published: January 2025

Screw compressors are essential elements in various industrial sectors, such as manufacturing, energy, and construction, representing roughly 10%–20% of industrial electricity usage. Notwithstanding their prevalent application, the energy requirements of multi-stage screw compressors substantially contribute to carbon emissions. The global market for screw compressors is anticipated to expand at a compound yearly growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%, achieving a market value of $19.37 billion by 2030. This highlights the increasing demand for more energy-efficient compressor systems. The utilisation of multi-stage screw compressors for applications surpassing 30 bar is constrained by issues including rotor bending deformation, diminished bearing longevity, inadequate oil cooling, and condensate separation in oil separators. Moreover, screw compressors encounter operational constraints in multi-staging, even at reduced pressure ranges, when compared to reciprocating compressors. This study seeks to examine the existing constraints of multi-stage screw compressors and investigates potential solutions for power levels of 22–315 kW and delivery pressures of 6–12 bar. A cost-effective compressor design was designed by utilising modern rotor profiles and optimising sealing and cooling systems. A prototype two-stage oil-flooded air screw compressor, intended for water-well applications, was fabricated and evaluated for performance and dependability. The efficacy of the two-stage compressor was evaluated against that of a single-stage air screw compressor of comparable capacity. An extensive economic evaluation, grounded in lifecycle costs, was performed over a decade. The results indicate that the two-stage compressor reduces operational expenses by roughly 20%–75%, leading to markedly lower lifecycle costs. These insights underscore the capability of multi-stage screw compressors to provide improved performance and economic advantages, promoting broader implementation in applications necessitating mid-range pressures.