bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
БАЛАНС ІНТЕРЕСІВ УСІХ УЧАСНИКІВ ПОДАТКОВИХ ВІДНОСИН В УКРАЇНІ У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС: НЕДОСЯЖНА МРІЯ ЧИ РЕАЛЬНА МЕТА?
Authors: Анісімова М. Ф. , Мухін І. М.
Published: October 2024

У статті досліджено відповідність податкової політики економічному стану держави сьогодення з урахуванням сучасних реалій воєнного часу та її вплив на фінансування армії. Розглянуто пропозиції стосовно пошуків механізмів порятунку ситуації, що склалася, та констатовано наявність кардинальних неузгодженостей у підходах до цього питання між представниками влади та бізнесом. Здійснено аналіз життєздатності обговорюваних у суспільстві напрямів реформування податкової системи України задля усунення перекосів у податковій політиці як одного з відчутних дестабілізуючих чинників розвитку. Наголошено на потребі в зміні оцінки розподілу податкового навантаження з огляду на роль кожного із суб’єктів податкових платежів у загальному колі платників податків відповідно до питомої ваги їхнього внеску в бюджети різних рівнів. Обґрунтовано думку про доцільність вивчення зарубіжного досвіду розподілу податків за об’єктами оподаткування, особливо в країнах Європейського Союзу, та зазначено ефективність запозичення їхнього досвіду цифровізації складного процесу адміністрування майнових податків з урахуванням притаманних їм переваг. Визначено, що податкова політика покликана впорядкувати й корегувати фіскальні процеси, які виникають між державою, бізнесом і громадянами, для чого вона має бути чітко відлагодженим механізмом відповідно до поточних умов конкретного етапу розвитку держави та громадянського суспільства, а також окреслено конкретні пропозиції щодо основ формування справедливої податкової політики, яка відповідатиме потребам українського суспільства з огляду на специфіку сьогодення, що вбачається можливим за умови дотримання інтересів усіх учасників податкових відносин, та висловлено переконання у важливості продовження досліджень зазначеної сфери правового регулювання з метою забезпечення успішного післявоєнного відновлення України.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВИТРАТ МІСЦЕВИХ БЮДЖЕТІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Бойко-Слобожан О. О.
Published: October 2024

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням правового забезпечення витрат місцевих бюджетів в умовах воєнного стану. Здійснено аналіз правового забезпечення витрат місцевих бюджетів в умовах воєнного стану та надано пропозиції щодо його вдосконалення.
Зазначено, що, незважаючи на значні виклики, повʼязані з повномасштабною війною, органи місцевого самоврядування в Україні продемонстрували вражаючу здатність ефективно управляти фінансовими ресурсами. Вони не лише зберегли стабільність бюджетів, а й знайшли способи для нарощування доходів, що дало змогу забезпечити безперебійне функціонування життєво важливих сфер. Крім того, місцева влада продемонструвала високу гнучкість, швидко адаптуючись до мінливих умов та розробляючи нові механізми надання послуг. Завдяки цим зусиллям громади отримували необхідну підтримку навіть у найскладніші періоди, що свідчить про високий рівень професіоналізму та відповідальності місцевих органів влади.
Зроблено висновок, що разом із новими можливостями виникли і значні виклики. Зниження економічної активності призвело до скорочення доходів бюджетів усіх рівнів, що зі свого боку спричинило зростання дефіциту та ускладнення обслуговування державного боргу.
В умовах обмежених ресурсів особливої актуальності набуває питання щодо ефективного використання коштів. Кожна гривня має бути спрямована на вирішення найнагальніших проблем: посилення оборонних спроможностей, відновлення критичної інфраструктури, забезпечення гуманітарної допомоги та підтримання економіки.
Наукові дослідження в галузі бюджетування набувають стратегічного значення. Вони мають бути спрямовані на розробку ефективних механізмів розподілу та використання бюджетних коштів, а також на формування потужного кейсу для залучення міжнародної фінансової допомоги на відновлення України.
Це дасть змогу забезпечити обороноздатність країни, підтримати життєдіяльність населення та відновити інфраструктуру, пошкоджену внаслідок бойових дій.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗАХИСТУ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНИХ ДАНИХ
Authors: Дяковський О. С. , Прокопчук К. В. , Скрипець В. І.
Published: October 2024

У статті досліджується особливості здійснення правового забезпечення захисту персональних даних.
Для України питання безпечності цифрових сервісів набуває дедалі більшої актуальності у звʼязку з невпинним збільшенням їх кількості в різних сферах життєдіяльності та активним використанням багатьма користувачами.
Таке значне зростання сегмента електронної торгівлі та інших цифрових сервісів неможливе без збору даних про споживачів, їх уподобання та потреби. Субʼєкти електронної комерції потребують детальної інформації про наявних та потенційних клієнтів з метою впровадження маркетингових дій та для реалізації товарів і послуг. Нині проблемою є те, що в сучасних умовах жорсткої конкуренції інформація про споживачів може збиратися в обхід або всупереч чинному законодавству про захист персональних даних, а різноманітні цифрові сервіси в Україні дедалі більше характеризуються системними порушеннями, зокрема в аспекті неможливості споживачем повноцінно реалізувати право на забуття під час та після використання відповідного цифрового сервісу.
Прийняття профільного Закону України «Про захист персональних даних» та запровадження відповідного інституційного супроводу зумовило тенденцію до підвищення уваги до захисту персональних даних у сфері електронної комерції в Україні. Проте аналіз чинного законодавства з питань захисту персональних даних, наукових праць і правозастосовної практики за період дії профільного Закону вказує на те, що теперішній стан вирішення проблеми захисту персональних даних потребує запровадження нових підходів до системи захисту прав у цій сфері.
Варто зазначити, що правове забезпечення захисту персональних даних у сфері електронної комерції в Україні має недостатньо високий рівень наукової розробки. Окремі питання такої проблематики розглядались у межах цивільного, трудового та інформаційного права. Здебільшого дослідження присвячувалися питанню інформаційної діяльності законодавчої гілки влади, кодифікації інформаційного законодавства, правовому забезпеченню інформаційного правопорядку та захисту персональних даних.
Penilaian Pembayaran Kredit dengan Logistic Regression dan Random Forest pada Home Credit
Authors: Yulianti Titin , Cahyana Amanda Hasna , Komarudin Muhamad , Mulyani Yessi , Septama Hery Dian
Published: October 2024

Global economic development has led to the high complexity of society's needs. Financial institutions are here to provide facilities to meet the increasingly complex needs of society. However, the existence of problem loans can be a serious threat so classification techniques in data mining are used to overcome this problem. This research develops a model that can predict customers' ability to make credit payments so that financial institutions can avoid problematic credit. In this research, the SMOTE resampling technique is used to see the effect of sampling in dealing with class imbalance and conducting credit assessments. The research results show that the model built using SMOTE has better AUC than the model without SMOTE. From the two machine learning algorithms, logistic regression and random forest, the results show that the random forest model with SMOTE has the best performance with an accuracy value of 90%, precision of 92%, recall of 88%, F1-score of 90%, and AUC value of 0.97. Based on the best model, ten important features were obtained that influence the process of assessing credit repayment capabilities, namely the normalized score from external data sources, the period for changing customer numbers, the number of previous installment payments, the customer's age, registration time, the period for applying for credit at the credit bureau, the period for changing identity documents, the time for updating information at the credit bureau, and the length of time the customer has worked. In addition, this research produces visualizations via dashboards that can be used to improve the process of assessing credit repayment capabilities.
The Impact of Servant Leadership on Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Egyptian Tourism Organizations
Authors: Abdelraouf Mohamed , Muharram Farid
Published: October 2024

This study examines how servant leadership affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and its dimensions (corporate commitment, governance, environmental protection, and social contribution) in the Egyptian tourism industry, focusing on Hilton and Four Seasons. Quantitative research with 386 participants was conducted. Spearman correlation, CFA, path coefficient analysis, model quality of fit, and Fornell-Larcker criterion were used for data analysis. The links between servant leadership and CSR factors were examined using SEM. A positive and significant correlation was found between servant leadership and all CSR aspects. In the Egyptian tourism industry, servant leaders can positively influence an organization's commitment to sustainable and socially responsible business practices by prioritising stakeholder well-being, fostering ethical practices, and promoting a culture of responsibility.
Long-term and orbital-scale climate and carbon cycle change across the Miocene Climatic Optimum
Authors:   , Wubben Evi
Published: October 2024

Climate reconstructions show that during the relatively warm Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO), ~17 million years ago, atmospheric CO2 concentrations were in the same range as predicted by models for future climate change. Therefore, the MCO is also referred to as a historical climate analogue as it can offer crucial information to better predict future climate change.
To better understand global climate variability during the MCO (~18 – 15 million years ago), I present new records of sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. These new records were generated using methods involving organic geochemistry and reconstructions of microfossil assemblages, which were conducted on sediments cored from the ocean floor in, a.o., the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean. The results describe past climate variability with relatively high temporal resolution, allowing us to interpret variations on both short (~10,000 years) and long (>1,000,000 years) timescales.
We show that sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean abruptly increased by ~2 °C at the start of the MCO. This warming was accompanied by an intensification of the West African monsoon, resulting in notable peaks in productivity and upwelling of cold oceanwater. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that atmospheric CO2 levels increased concurrent with this sea surface temperature increase. However, in contrast to these results, a compilation of global sea surface temperature records shows that global warming during the MCO was limited. Therefore, we suggest that, in addition to atmospheric CO2, ocean temperatures were also forced by changes in ocean circulation, which we confirm with model simulations.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT DAN KETERAMPILAN BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA
Authors: Syamiya Estu Niana
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine (1) the magnitude of the influence of entrepreneurship education on students' interest in entrepreneurship (2) the magnitude of the influence of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurship skills. This research is causal associative research with a quantitative approach. The variables of this research are entrepreneurship education as the independent variable, entrepreneurial interest and skills as the dependent variable. This research is a population study with 126 student respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is simple linear regression.The results of this research show that (1) entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship as indicated by the coefficient value (+0.550), with a significant value of 0.000 and a t-count value of 7.024. (2) Entrepreneurship education has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship skills as shown by the t value of 7.595 with a significance value of 0.000 and a coefficient value of (+0.707).
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP SISWA BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Sabur Ambuy , Sulistianingsih Nur Saidah , Syamiya Estu Niana
Published: October 2024

Sifat manusia yang terus belajar sepanjang hidupnya memerlukan pendidikan selalu mengalami perkembangan setiap tahunnya. Sebab dengan belajar, manusia melakukan perubahan kualitas hidup sehingga berkembang perilakunya. Belajar bukan sekedar pengalaman saja, tetapi belajar juga merupakan suatu proses dan bukan suatu hasil, sebab segala aktivitas dan pencapaian hidup manusia tidak lain hanyalah hasil dari belajar. Pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw berpengaruh terhadap berpikir kritis siswa pada kelas perlakuan X.3 SMAN 14 Kota Tangerang dengan populasi 80 siswa dan teknik pengumpulan sampel 40 siswa dalam dua kelas; kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw pada siswa berpikir kritis SMAN 14 Kota Tangerang, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Hasil belajar berpikir kritis siswa kelas X.4 SMAN 14 Kota Tangerang yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional memperoleh skor pretest minimal 50 dan maksimal 75, sedangkan skor posttest diperoleh skor minimal 60 dan maksimal 85 dengan rata-rata pretest 65,00 dan rata-rata skor posttest 75,33 dengan selisih rata-rata siswa berpikir kritis sebesar 10,33 . Hasil berpikir kritis siswa kelas X.3 SMAN 14 Kota Tangerang yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw memperoleh nilai pretest minimal 56 dan maksimal 79, sedangkan nilai posttest memperoleh nilai minimal 78 dan maksimal sebesar 98 dengan rata-rata pretest sebesar 69,88 dan rata-rata nilai posttest sebesar 86,33 dengan selisih rata-rata berpikir kritis siswa memperoleh hasil sebesar 16,45. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X.3 SMAN Kota Tangerang tahun ajaran 2022/2023 jika dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 86,33 dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 75,33, selisih rata-rata sebesar 11 menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw jika dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil uji t dengan menggunakan IMB SPSS Statistics 25 diperoleh Sig(2-Tailed)<Î± atau (0,000<0,05). Jadi berdasarkan kriteria tes dapat dikatakan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antar subjek penelitian dan dapat dikatakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan berpikir kritis siswa di SMAN 14 Kota Tangerang.
BACK-ESTIMATION OF SLAB CURLING AND JOINT STIFFNESS
Authors: Guo Edward
Published: October 2024

The analysis of the Heavy Weight Defelctometer (HWD) data from the FAA National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) indicates that the measured Sum of two Deflections (SD) on two sides of dummy joints increase proportionally to the slab curling but are insensitive to the joint Load Transfer capability defined by Deflection (LTD). This discovery is verified and extended by finite element analysis in this paper. HWD data collected from pavements at the NAPTF are used to first back-estimate the slab curling assumed due to an equivalent temperature gradient then the shear stiffness of the dummy joints are calculated. The numerical comparison of the predicted and directly measured joint and corner deflections verifies that the backestimated parameters are reasonable.
A New England Medical Journal Mesterséges Intelligencia kiadványa – NEJM AI 2024, januártól júniusig
Authors: Balkányi László
Published: October 2024

A tanulmányok a mesterséges intelligencia (MI) különböző innovatív alkalmazásaival foglalkoznak az egészségügyben, a betegellátás és az orvoslás gyakorlati megoldásaira összpontosítva. 2024 első fél évében az alábbi, szerteágazó témákat tárgyalta a folyóirat, a hasonló dolgozatok közül egyet-egyet választottunk ki szemlézésre.
Sir Alexander Ogston, 1844-1929
Authors: Rennie David A.
Published: October 2024

Ogston’s career was of far-ranging, yet underacknowledged, excellence.Inspired by the work of Joseph Lister and Robert Koch, Ogston determined to find the cause of post-operative infection. Working in his home laboratory, Ogston established the link between acute inflammation and suppuration and microorganisms, discovered (and named) staphylococcus (better known today in connection with MRSA), and correctly linked localised microorganism infections with blood poisoning.Ogston served as a medical volunteer during the 1885 Soudan Campaign and, in 1892, became Surgeon in Ordinary to Queen Victoria. Although instrumental in founding the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1898, Ogston remained critical of the army medical services. These views were amply confirmed by the events of the Boer War, in which Ogston offered his medical services.During the Great War, Ogston – in his early seventies and President of the British Medical Association – served as a surgeon with the British Red Cross at the Villa Trento hospital in north-east Italy – a site which served as an inspiration for the British hospital in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms.
Work Ethic(s) of Being a Woman: Images of Female Labour in Hong Kong Cinema (1950s–60s)
Authors: Law Fiona Y. W.
Published: October 2024

This chapter investigates the image of women as labourers on Hong Kong screen in 1950s-1960s. With female spectatorship as target, Cantonese cinema during this period had stressed on the portrayals of women stories regardless of genre and aesthetics. While filmmaking was not a job that women at that time could generally think of, cinema offered them with diverse imaginations that being a woman is a job, and these films became archetypical groundworks in both representing the advent of industrial capitalism and addressing the female work force within and beyond the domestic sphere. Ranging from the selfish landladies to selfless mothers, devoted domestic servants to diligent daughters, day-dreaming factory girls to hard-working nightclub girls, innocent mistresses to jealous wives, Cantonese cinema outlines and highlights not only the traditional values but work ethic(s) of being a woman as the society is progressing toward economic restructuring. Through a survey of films showcasing these least examined cinematic images in Hong Kong cinema, this chapter also explores an alternative historical perspective in understanding how shifting spectatorship, stardom, and generic development are preceded by these herstories.
A Challenge on Every Page: Female Screenwriter-Directors in the South Korean Film Industry
Authors: Kukolova Monika
Published: October 2024

This chapter considers the sociohistorical context for the current status of screenwriters in Korean film industry, suggesting that their work has gone largely unrecognised in commercial markets outside of South Korea due to the industry bias towards directorial authorship. Women have had a strong presence in in the screenwriting profession across both film and TV industries in Korea, often utilising screenwriting to enter the male-dominated field of feature film direction, yet their contributions have not received nearly as much international attention.
This chapter emphasizes the value of screenwriting as a creative act by highlighting industry connections between film and television, where screenwriters hold similar if not more power compared to directors. Furthermore, through an analysis of two case study films by Lee Kyoung-mi, a screenwriter turned director, the chapter demonstrates the impact of her screenwriting experience on her work as a film and television director.
Her Own Feminism: Authorship and Editing in Ning Ying’s Filmmaking Practice
Authors: Kaufman Francesca Young
Published: October 2024

This chapter considers the independent cinema of Chinese director Ning Ying in the context of institutionalised challenges to women filmmakers in the 1990s and early 2000s. Against a backdrop of significant restrictions in both the domestic and international markets, Ning Ying worked independently to produce a series of ethnographic and experimental films chronicling the social implications of China’s urban expansion. Her practice is unusual for combining the roles of director and editor, maintaining a high degree of personal control over the finished film. A closer examination of her work reveals the extent to which control of the editing enabled a resistance to the norms governing both Chinese ‘women’s film’ (films made by women directors) and the representation of female characters and experience. Through analysis of Ning Ying’s third Beijing film, I Love Beijing (夏日暖洋洋‎, Xia Ri Nuan Yangyang, 2001), this chapter highlights her creative responses to the twin restrictions placed on women filmmakers and gender representation, and will contribute to emerging scholarship on Chinese feminist cinema by re-emphasising the importance of authorship for women working in a non-dominant position in China’s film industry.
Figurations of the Nyonya : The Uses and Abuses of Peranakan Chinese Representation in Film
Authors: Chan Felicia
Published: October 2024

Nyonya is a term used to identify women of Peranakan descent in Southeast Asia, particularly in Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, where the origins of the Peranakan Chinese are understood to have derived from the settlement and inter-marriages of sojourner-men from China and the local women in Malaya. A minoritised culture, the Peranakan community has always had to negotiate with prevailing structures of colonial empire-building and post-colonial nation-building, and their representation on screen offers a productive way in to exploring the interrelationship between the forces of nationhood, capitalism and cinema production.
While in the early twentieth century, the nyonya woman was seen as a symbol of modernity, by virtue of being based in the emerging economies of colonial-era Southeast Asia, the representation of Peranakan women and culture is mostly constructed as anachronistic to modernity. This chapter looks at early figurations of the nyonya in films produced locally and abroad in the pre-independence period, in which the nyonya is presented selectively as modern and local to Southeast Asia, and yet also deracinated and culturally ‘diluted’ compared to her sisters in China; and contemporary figurations of the nyonya as represented through a visual vernacular employed in the Hollywood blockbuster, Crazy Rich Asians (dir. Jon M. Chu, USA/Singapore, 2018).
The Changing Military Strategy and Reorganisation of Paramilitary Forces
Authors: Isik Ayhan
Published: October 2024

In the early 1990s, the structure of paramilitary formations in Turkey underwent a major transformation. Between 1991 and 1996, Turkish security forces sought to improve their capacity for irregular warfare by implementing low-intensity conflict doctrine. In line with this strategy, the Turkish ruling elite transformed, expanded and reorganised paramilitary forces into death squads.
A Genealogy of Neoliberal Governing in Tunisia
Authors: Han Saerom
Published: October 2024

Chapter 3 revisits the contemporary history of Tunisia since the end of the Habib Bourguiba era to explore how neoliberal governing appeared in the process of democratisation. To this aim, it focuses on four junctures: first, the Ben Ali regime’s rule that was upheld through the security syndrome and the economic miracle discourse; second, the emergence and development of the unemployed resistance; third, civil society and social movements’ robust participation in the process of democratisation; and, finally, the reconfiguration of the pre-uprising elements of political economy through civil society’s fear of Islamists and terrorism.
Myths of Emotional Equilibrium
Authors: Manning Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Chapter 4 examines a further criterion of affective value, namely the modern myth of emotional equilibrium in the work of Paula Fox and Richard Yates. These texts interrogate the extent to which emotional balance – as a concept which aims to repress the outliers of a normative spectrum – risks becoming a criterion of conformity, wherein true feeling and affective equilibrium interact as self-verifying constructs. Artifice becomes a potential means to reject such mythologies, though not without the ever-present danger of dissipation of a fractured – because fabricated – self. Torn between the poles of excess and absence, the characters of these fictional worlds evolve in an array of simulated masks and environments which, far from resolving the dangers of an imposed equilibrium, theatricalise both artifice’s potential for liberation and its risks.
Introduction: Mobility, Concealment, Transparency
Authors: Moore Ben
Published: October 2024

Opening from an explication of the term ‘invisible architecture’, a concept which rethinks the relationship between mobility, concealment and transparency as elements of urban space, this Introduction analyses the Crystal Palace in George Gissing’s The Nether World (1889) as an example of the approach to be taken throughout the book. Through discussions of existing criticism, and of Chernychevsky and Dostoevsky’s appropriations of the Crystal Palace, the chapter positions the book within a tradition of undoing oppositions between the hidden and concealed, while also arguing for an approach that reads literature and architecture as mutually constitutive. It also introduces the idea of an interpenetration of visible and invisible via Sigfried Giedion, Jacques Rancière and Walter Benjamin, which will be taken up in later chapters.
Introduction
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: October 2024

After an autobiographical account as a context for understanding the book’s chapters, an argument follows entailing that Christianity emerged from Mediterranean religion’s three interactive kinds, and in particular from the field of literate intellectualist competition. Paul, his activities, and his social formations fit this environment for a kind of religiosity in great detail and display that mode of religion. I Thessalonians chapter 2 serves as an illustration that introduces nine key features of Paul’s activity in the field. After a quiet period following Paul’s death, a vigorous multitude of Christian writers and freelance experts emerge at the beginning of the second century in competition with philosophers and “sophists” and with Jesus and Paul as models of such freelance teachers and circles of students. Christianity then emerges nourished by its vigorous contention in the social field of freelance experts.
The Dilemma of Paul’s Physics: Features Stoic-Platonist or Platonist-Stoic?
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: October 2024

Paul was not a philosopher but the letters contain philosophical ideas and language that scholarship has long identified as Platonic and Stoic. The chapter takes another approach than Troels-Engberg Pederson’s of treating Paul’s thought as consistently Stoic. Rather, Paul adapted Stoic and Platonic notions selectively to make sense of his central idea that the perfectly faithful Jesus Christ had been remade of divine pneuma to become the archetype for a new fully faithful species of divine servants who would help to bring about the new cosmic order when Christ returned. Like new thinkers in his era, including Philo, he combines the Stoic and the Platonic. Thus, having first assimilated to Christ’s mind, but still with human bodies, the small number of chosen ones will finally receive a body of the incorruptible pneuma when Christ returns. The faithful elect will judge angels and rule obediently.
The Concept of Community and the History of Early Christianity
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: October 2024

Scholarship on early Christianity is oddly different from other ancient history in that the primary authors and agents of Christian writings are said to be communities instead of individual writers in historical environments. This notion of communal authorship and creativity of the Volk can be traced back to strains of German Romanticism. Gospels for instance are said to be the deposits of a particular community’s theology such as “the theology of the Johannine community.” The approach makes scholarship incapable of treating the literature like normal writings with writers situated within literary and literate traditions and social fields of literate activity. This role for community has also excluded the consideration of numerous other social formations. The chapter discusses five major drawbacks of positing such communities as the explanation of early Christian literature and suggests that instead the writings have a fit in the contemporary literate cultures of the Roman empire.
Jesus the Teacher and Stoic Ethics in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: October 2024

The unknown author of Matthew based that gospel on Mark and almost completely incorporated it. But Jesus is only a teacher of incomprehensible mysteries in Mark and not a moral teacher. Matthew added the Sermon on the Mount that made Jesus into a great moral teacher. Matthew’s version that has always been seen as difficult and unrealistically demanding owes its peculiarity to Stoic ethical doctrines. This includes the law as the will of God, moral goodness as perfection, God as a model of goodness, love of enemies, and the goodness of an action as a matter of it being done from a virtuous character. Anger is already equivalent to murder and lust to adultery because of the initiating mental-moral events. The rich young man can keep all of the commandments but still not possess genuine goodness. The Pharisees who teach the good and seem to keep the law faithfully do not act out of a good character and are evil inside. In spite of caricatures of the Stoics as unemotional, the sage was supposed to be a highly passionate individual, but with rational good emotions instead of emotions based on corrupt values. Matthew seems to give Jesus such passion.
Industrial Policy in Retreat, 2001–9
Authors: Toksöz Mina , Kutlay Mustafa , Hale William
Published: October 2024

Policies following the 2001 economic crisis were designed in line with the post-Washington consensus and its emphasis on institutions: while continuing to curb the state’s role in the economy, repositioned it into a regulatory role. The reforms which introduced independent regulatory authorities did improve the state’s regulatory functions, but industrial upgrading was not on the agenda of the AKP government. Industrial policy was constrained by tight fiscal policies and ‘horizontal’ measures that reinforced the existing low and medium technology structure of industry and neglected the development of the nascent Information and Technology (ICT) sectors. However, until the global financial crisis in 2008, the prospect of EU membership and privatisation of key state assets mobilised foreign and domestic capital, bringing a rare period of strong private sector led investment and growth and relative macro-economic stability. Break-through sectors benefiting from this included the automotive, chemical, and defence sector.
‘Grey’ Rape on the Silver Screen: Rapes of Enslaved People in Mass Media about the Ancient World
Authors: Strong Anise K.
Published: October 2024

Through a close study of films and television series about the ancient world from 1950-2015, this chapter explores the consistent romanticization of owner-enslaved sexual relationships in the ancient world as well as the change in attitudes towards the representation of sexual assault and harassment over the 20th and 21st century. In turn, the effects of such a rose-colored view of these relationships upon modern understandings of slavery and of sexual harassment is also explored, through the use of feminist film theorists such as Lisa Cuklanz and Jessica Hammer and epistemologies of rape by Nickie Phillips and Sara Projansky.
Olive Schreiner in the World: An Introduction
Authors: Ong Jade Munslow , Vlies Andrew van der
Published: October 2024

The introduction situates the essays in the collection in relation to Olive Schreiner’s writing and print networks, and her global outlook and reach within and beyond her lifetime. It identifies key currents in Schreiner Studies, outlining the essays’ contributions to developing new understandings of under-examined aspects of Schreiner’s feminism, modernism, anti-racism and socialism (amongst other of her many interests). The introduction also discusses the transmission, translation, influence, adaptation, memorialisation and afterlives of Schreiner and her work in transnational print cultures, and in Southern hemispheric and other global literary and cultural contexts. The introduction argues that Schreiner and her legacies therefore provide a significant means for understanding literary and social archives, race and gender performance, and the circulation of ideas, from the nineteenth century to the present day.
The Bloomsbury Modernisms of Margaret Harkness and Olive Schreiner
Authors: Ong Jade Munslow
Published: October 2024

Bloomsbury’s fame as a uniquely privileged site of modernist innovation is largely based on the art, writing, relationships and philosophies of the Bloomsbury Group at their peak in the 1920s and 1930s. Yet 40 years prior, Bloomsbury also played host to a less well-defined circle of (proto-)modernist writers and radicals, including sometime friends, the writers Olive Schreiner and Margaret Harkness.
The chapter deploys a globalised reading of George Lukács’s work on the ideology of modernism to read the overlapping and co-determined socialist and feminist modernisms of Harkness’s novel, Out of Work (1888) and Schreiner’s allegory, ‘The Sunlight Lay Across My Bed’ (1890). Reading the allegorical forms of Schreiner’s South African modernism as genealogically distinct from the Naturalist forms of Harkness’s early English modernism, the chapter nevertheless argues for the importance of cross-cultural connections, reciprocity, conversation, and communities of exchange, in the co-determined, yet distinct, emerging modernisms of the fin de siècle.
Olive Schreiner and C. F. Andrews: Utopia and Paths to Anti-Racism and Decolonisation
Authors: Bagchi Barnita
Published: October 2024

The chapter discusses Olive Schreiner’s writing and thought in relation to those of C.F. Andrews, Christian writer and social actor, close friend of M.K. Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore, anti-colonial, anti-racist, and anti-indentured labour activist in parts of the world ranging from South Africa to India and Fiji. Race, decolonisation, religion / spirituality, and the social dreaming of utopia in Schreiner’s Closer Union and her posthumously published From Man to Man (1926) are analysed, bringing in Andrews in a transnational and relational perspective. This chapter brings into juxtapositional analysis Andrews’ articles published in the Modern Review in 1914 on the South African struggle led by Gandhi, as well as his religious autobiography What I Owe to Christ (1932) (the sales proceeds of which went to Tagore’s Santiniketan ashram), as an important record of a deeply religious man seeking to fight against the colour bar, exploitative indentured labour, and colonialism, within the contexts and limits of his own time, as Schreiner did in hers.
Dreaming of Liberty: Olive Schreiner’s Ambivalent Anarchism
Authors: Gill Clare
Published: October 2024

Schreiner may have rejected the tenets of political anarchism, but her letters document an ambivalent attitude to anarchism’s more capacious intellectual purview. This chapter probes the anarcho-aesthetic framing of Schreiner’s fiction within British and American anarchist print and publishing networks in the 1880s and 1890s. By tracing Schreiner and her works through British and American anarchist newspapers such as Freedom and the Boston paper Liberty, new politicised entry-points to Schreiner’s works are revealed, including the ideological importance of her allegorical form for individualist forms of anarchism that were developing on both sides of the Atlantic in this period. The chapter also casts light on the anarchic distribution practices of American anarchists such as Benjamin R. Tucker and Sarah E. Holmes, who put out editions of Schreiner’s works in formats and through channels that circumvented mainstream publishing networks, including Schreiner’s formal publishing arrangements with the American publisher, Roberts Brothers. Schreiner’s ambivalent anarchism are therefore situated within broader debates about international copyright to include a consideration of the anarchy of piracy, a practice which bypasses the structures of what Schreiner herself described as the ‘capitalist rings’ of publishing and bookselling.
The Reception of Olive Schreiner in the Swedish Press, 1890–1920
Authors: Nivesjö Sanja
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the reception of Olive Schreiner and her work in the mainstream and feminist Swedish press from the publication of the Swedish translation of The Story of an African Farm in 1890 until Schreiner’s death in 1920.
While Schreiner had no apparent connection to Sweden, her work was well known there around the fin de siècle and was frequently published and debated in newspapers and magazines. Woman and Labour was translated and published immediately in 1911, and serves as the focal point for early twentieth-century Swedish feminists’ interest in Schreiner. The mainstream Swedish press, from national newspapers to local and specialist ones, carried adverts for The Story of an African Farm (1883) and Dreams (1890) in Swedish translation, published translations of shorter pieces and of excerpts of longer ones, reviewed her writings, and discussed her opinions on a number of issues, not least the South African War of 1899-1902. Schreiner was portrayed as being at the vanguard of modern ideas to do with feminism, colonialism, South African affairs, and British imperial culture, holding an important place in Swedish public debate around England, South Africa, colonial relations, and women’s rights around the turn of the last century.
Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This essay provides short introductory accounts of the 35 essays by Colin McArthur that Cinema, Culture, Scotland curates and republishes. It identifies evolving methodological approaches and areas of interest within McArthur’s critical practice between the late 1960s and the early 2020s. It also attempts to identify major ways in which McArthur’s work during that period simultaneously influenced and was itself influenced by wider disciplinary developments within Anglophone Film Studies and Scottish Cultural Studies respectively.
The Roots of the Western
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This essay explores the place of the West in American historiography and, in particular, how the discourses of the West as Garden and the West as Desert provide one of the key binary oppositions within the Western genre. The Garden/Desert binary is itself in binary opposition to, the Industrialism trope as expressed primarily in railroads and mining.
Crossfire and the Anglo-American Critical Tradition
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Taking Edward Dmytryk’s Crossfire (1947), a film which has been talked about primarily as a ‘socially-conscious’ account of antisemitism, the essay argues that to read it as a film noir produces a totally different – metaphysical rather than social – meaning.
The Maggie
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Using the same analytic framework developed at length in the author’s 1982 essay ‘Scotland and Cinema’, this later essay brings it to bear on a single film, Alexander Mackendrick’s The Maggie. Deploying the binary oppositions method of Structuralism, the essay queries the place of Scotland within Romanticism and why the upbeat achievement of the Scots in the film is the very reverse of what happens in the ‘real’ world.
The Dialectic of National Identity: The Glasgow Empire Exhibition of 1938
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This essay locates the exhibition within the tradition of international exhibitions of the period 1850 to the inter-war twentieth century. It explores the tension in the 1938 Exhibition between the traditional view of Scotland as rural utopia and its current industrial ambitions as expressed in the modernist vocabulary of much of the exhibition’s architecture. It also notes the overarching discourse within which the 1938 Exhibition (and other national exhibitions) is constructed – imperialism.
A Dram for All Seasons: The Diverse Identities of Scotch
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Disputing the view that the advertising of Scotch whisky has invariably been cast within traditional discourses relating to Scotland, this essay demonstrates the historical diversity of such advertising which – though frequently mobilising Scots images – also has drawn on the alleged health-giving qualities of the beverage and its far-flung presence in the British Empire. The essay cites multiple examples of these and other advertising strategies and examines in some detail a relatively recent advertising campaign locating a particular brand within the cluster history/tradition/class.
Scottish Culture: A Reply to David McCrone
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

In the early 1990s, McCrone had taken to task a range of writings (including those of the present writer) on Scottish cultural identity, his main argument being that these writings posed a negative, fixed, essentialist conception of this identity. In its place he proposed a more open, multi-faceted, playful conception over which the individual had considerable agency. This reply to McCrone assents to this conception up to a point, but critiques McCrone’s piece for failing to address the key question of the role of cultural institutions and of the unconscious, a particular problem in the Scottish context on account of the workings of the Scottish Discursive Unconscious.
In Praise of a Poor Cinema
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

A short polemical essay which traduces the current policy of the Scottish institutions responsible for funding indigenous film production on account of their commitment to a quasi-Hollywood-ean conception of cinema. Against this the essay argues for a cinema of lower budgets and aesthetic strategies relevant to a small country like Scotland.
Casablanca : Where Have All the Fascists Gone?
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

When the film Casablanca was first shown in 1942, the critical view of it was consensual, it was primarily about the necessity of taking a stand against Fascism. This brief essay is an account of the film’s intertextuality – the extent to which it is quoted from in phenomena far distant from the film itself (e.g., the name of an Austrian cigarette and of an aftershave lotion) and how such quotations repress the film’s anti-fascist elements. In its passage through time, the film’s political message has been displaced by one stressing its romantic relationships and its 1940s nostalgia.
Braveheart and the Scottish Aesthetic Dementia
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Denouncing the film and its novelisation as aesthetically vulgar and ideologically contemptible, this essay explores Braveheart (1995)’s relationship to history-writing and charts the discourses (e.g., Romanticism, Tartanry and Dark Ageism) within which the film is constructed. Following an account of the novelisation by screenwriter Randall Wallace and the contemporary response to the film in Scotland, including its mobilisation by the Scottish National Party, the essay bemoans the Scots’ celebration of this crypto-fascist film.
Bring Furrit the Tartan-Necks! Nationalist Intellectuals and Scottish Popular Culture
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Advancing the argument that nationalist intellectuals often valorise the popular culture of their respective nations without getting too close to it, the essay takes issue with the writings of several Scottish nationalist writers, most notably Tom Nairn and Cairns Craig, on precisely these grounds. Instead, this essay commends a stance of ‘rooted internationalism’ and argues that all cultures, high and low, should be subjected to close textual analysis.
Vanished or Banished? Murray Grigor as Absent Scots Auteur
Authors: McArthur Colin , Murray Jonathan
Published: October 2024

An account of Grigor’s career, stressing the warm reception it has received on both the Scottish and international gallery circuits as opposed to the chilly response of Scottish film institutions past and present. The essay offers a detailed account of the diversity of Grigor’s work: from his films, through his journalism and public advocacy in relation to Scottish architecture, to his graphic work and involvement with the Edinburgh International Film Festival both as Director and Chair.
Conclusion
Authors: David Jackson Andrew
Published: October 2024

The conclusion offers a reflection on the significance of the art film exhibition culture that emerged during the cinephilia boom and survived until the present. 1990s South Korean cinephilia represented, for many cinemagoers, an escape from a post-dictatorship society that had failed to adequately de-authoritarianise. The period initiated a belief in theatrical spaces as transformative and helped create social formations within theatres that offered alternative experiences of cinematic consumption. So powerful was this initial wave of interest in art film that its legacy has endured to this day, evidenced by the continued existence of independent theatres and constant critical references back to the transformative creativity generated by cinema spaces. The conclusion highlights the importance of the late and post-dictatorship period of cinematic transformation, since many of those who actively participated in the cinephilic culture of the period went on to shape the South Korean film industry of the present.
Memory, Patriarchy and Economy in Turkey
Authors: Uğur-Çinar Meral
Published: October 2024

This book brings a dynamic approach to Turkish politics by showing how political struggles operate via narratives and how ideas, institutions and narratives interact. By analysing narratives of collective memory, patriarchy and economic development, it shows the ways in which narratives shape politics in both intended and unintended ways. Meral Uğur-Çınar combines rich theoretical discussion with textual and ethnographic data, looking at how narratives serve the reproduction of consent as well as the mobilisation of resistance. Memory, Patriarchy and Economy in Turkey examines how narratives are utilised for the continuation of institutional structures as well as at critical junctures of institutional change and at the gradual erosion of institutions. Through the narrative analysis of texts, ranging from political speeches to museum documents as well as graffiti and posters from protests, the author sheds light on contemporary Turkish politics as well as offering a glance into how narratives operate in the political realm. Through this careful analysis, the book helps make sense of current political discussions in Turkey and elsewhere, particularly on issues such as democratic backsliding, institutional erosion, populism, polarisation and social movements.