bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN SENYAWA SIANIDA PADA DAUN SINGKONG DENGAN PERENDAMAN NaHCO3 DAN Ca(OH)2
Authors: Elfira Maya Sari  , Nurfajriah Siti
Published: February 2023

Cassava contains the 80-90% carbohydrates, while Cassava leaves contain proteins, minerals, vitamins, and toxins that called Glucocide Cyanogenic. Glucose Cyanogenic can be hydrolyzed into Cyanide Acid which can bond with fe 2+ or fe 3+ in blood so that be able to degrade oxygen levels in the body cells. The purpose of this study is to know the effects of submersion NaHCO3 solution and Ca(OH)2 solution with time variations of submersion to the levels of cyanide in the cassava leaves. The pressence of Cyanide in the cassava leaves uses UV vis Spectrophotometer. The data was statistically analyzed by using a two-way anova test. According to the research, the highest levels of Cyanide found in NaHCO3 solution with 41,2656 ppm, with a reduction levels of Cyanide by 22.05% and The Ca(OH)2 with 53,9218 ppm with a reduction of Cyanide levels by 34.77% in 1 hour soaking. A statistical value of 0.106 and 0.116 (p>0.05) indicates that there is no differences of submersion of NaHCO3 solution and Ca(OH)2 solution with the time variatons that already done.
MODIFIKASI STRUKTUR ZAT WARNA BERBASIS TRIFENILAMIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA Dye-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLs (DSSCs): METODE KOMPUTASI
Authors: Imelda Imelda , Aziz Hermansyah , Aziz Hermansyah , Putri Honesti
Published: February 2023

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi zat warna organik secara komputasi dengan struktur tipe D-A (Donor-Akseptor) dan D-π-A (Donor-π konjugasi-Akseptor). Struktur molekul digambarkan menggunakan software GaussView 6.0.16 dan dihitung menggunakan paket software Gaussian’16W dengan metode DFT/TDDFT serta basis set B3LYP/6-31G. Zat warna trifenilamin digunakan sebagai rantai donor yang dimodifikasi dengan cara memvariasikan rantai akseptor. Variasi rantai akseptor pada tipe D-A yang digunakan Piridin, Pirimidin, Purin dan Kuinolin. Sedangkan Asam Benzoat, Asam Asetat, Asam Format dan Asam Sianoakrilik digunakan sebagai variasi rantai akseptor tipe D-π-A. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi dengan menambahkan gugus pendorong yaitu -CH3, -CH=CH2, dan -NH2 dan gugus penarik -OH, -CN, -NO2. Hasil perhitungan pada zat warna tipe D-A menunjukan bahwa rantai akseptor purin yang dinamakan dengan Dye 3 memiliki bandgap yang paling kecil dan serapan cahaya yang paling besar. Sedangkan perhitungan pada zat warna tipe D-π-A menunjukan bahwa Dye 6 dengan rantai akseptor asam asetat memiliki bandgap yang paling kecil dan serapan cahaya yang paling besar. Untuk penambahan gugus pendorong maupun penarik elektron didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak mampu menurunkan bandgap dari zat warna tipe D-π-A. Jadi, pada penelitian ini dihasilkan bahwa struktur zat warna organik dengan rantai donor trifenilamin, π konjugasi purin, rantai akseptor Asam Asetat merupakan struktur zat warna paling efisien yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi serapan cahaya pada DSSCs.

Kata kunci : Trifenilamin, D-A, D-π-A, DFT/TDDFT, DSSCs
Analisis Nilai Kalor Berbagai Jenis Briket Biomassa Secara Kalorimeter
Authors: Imam Ardiansyah  , Yandra Putra Arief , Sari Yelfira
Published: February 2023

Saat ini sumber energi yang banyak digunakan adalah energi tak terbarukan yaitu yang berasal dari alam seperti minyak bumi, batu bara dan gas bumi yang apabila digunakan terus menerus akan habis. Upaya untuk menghindari ketergantungan energi adalah pemanfaatan limbah pertanian, perkebunan dan hutan yang dijadikan sebagai energi alternatif dengan cara dibuatkan menjadi briket. Kualitas briket SNI yaitu memiliki Kadar Air ≤ 8% Kadar Abu ≤ 8% Nilai Kalor ≥ 5000 cal/g. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan melakukan sistematika riview dari beberapa jurnal penelitian. Diapat bahwa dari beberapa jurnal yang di riview nilai kalor dari briket batang gulma siam : perekat dengan komposisi 91 : 9 memiliki nilai kalor 12106,27 cal/g merupakan nilai terbaik yang didapat.
Pain Assessment after Cesarean Section with a Standardized Pain Questionnaire
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, F Noll , J Zingg ,   Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, J Schliessbach ,   Departement of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, F Krähenmann ,   Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, LM Macrea ,   Departement of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, N Ochsenbein-Kölble ,   Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Published: February 2023

Background: The importance of postoperative pain management after Cesarean Section (CS) becomes clear in view of the increasing CS rates and the negative long-term consequences of inadequate acute pain therapy. The aim of this study was to describe postoperative pain after CS, to assess patient satisfaction with postoperative pain management and to identify reasons associated with stronger postoperative pain. Methods: Assessment of postoperative pain took place on the first postoperative day after CS using the PAIN OUT Outcome and Process Questionnaire. To cover a wide range of risk factors, information regarding demography, intervention, anesthesia and pain therapy as well as relevant obstetric parameters were recorded. These factors were analyzed for correlation with postoperative pain. Results: Overall maximum pain intensity was high (7.3±1.6) but only short-lasting. Adequate pain management relieved pain by 70% (minimal pain intensity 2.1±1.6) and resulted in a good patient satisfaction in 70%. Severe postoperative pain was significantly associated with greater impairment in activity and uncertainty (p <0.01, r = 0.46). A weak correlation was found between maternal age and intensity of postsurgical pain (Pearson coefficient: 0.29, p=0.021) with women ≥35 years having stronger pain. Intensity of postsurgical pain was rated statistically significant lower by nulliparous women (6.9±1.5) compared with parity ≥1 women (7.7±1.7) (p=0.04). Conclusion: Risk factors for higher pain intensity after CS were maternal age ≥35 years and parity ≥1. Therefore, a sufficient and individual pain management especially in these women is mandatory.
Multidisciplinary Management of Placenta Accreta Avoiding Maternal Mortality in a High-Risk Center- Case Report
Authors:   Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, El Bosque University, Colombia, GM Vallejo , M Uriel ,   Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, El Bosque University, Colombia, XC Romero ,   Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, El Bosque University, Colombia
Published: February 2023

Background: Placenta Accreta (PA) constitute a spectrum of abnormal placentation associated with a significant increase in maternal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal diagnosis of PA has transcendental importance in the orientation of the multidisciplinary management showing a substantial reduction in hemorrhagic complications. Case Presentation: A patient of 36.4 weeks of gestation with ultrasound findings of placenta previa and a high probability of placenta increta was attended in our high-risk center. Cesarean section with hysterectomy was performed at 37 weeks. During the surgical procedure, it was found infiltration of the placenta up to the uterine serosa at the level of the uterine segment and adjacent bladder. A hysterotomy at the corpus of the uterus was performed and a healthy newborn was obtained. Ligation of the hypogastric arteries bilaterally and total abdominal hysterectomy was achieved. The patient received a transfusion of red blood cells, platelets, cryoprecipitates and fresh frozen plasma and required vasopressor support with favorable evolution and avoiding fetal and maternal complications. The review of this case highlights that the management by a multidisciplinary team reduces the complications and morbidity-mortality of patients with placenta accreta as it is currently a public health problem. Conclusions: The maternal-perinatal outcomes not only depend on the availability of prenatal diagnosis but also on the organization of this multidisciplinary group with the application of standardized management and providing care in high-risk centers.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 4G Caused by Homozygous Deletion of Exon 4 in HK1 Gene due to Inbreeding: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, H Xu , G Ying ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, H Qian ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, S Wang ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, T Huang ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, J Chen ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, X Zhu ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, H Guo ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, G Zheng ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, G Zhang ,   Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The objective is to investigate the clinical and genotypic characteristics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, caused by HK1 gene mutation. Methods: The detailed medical history of the child was collected and the clinical symptoms were summarized. The genomic DNA was extracted from the 2ml of peripheral blood of child and their parents, and the whole exome sequencing was performed, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: A 7-year-old girl with unstable walking for 7 months, left claudication, obvious valgus of left foot, unable to squate , unable to jump on one foot, grade IV of muscle strength of lower extremity and slight limitation of dorsal extension of left foot. Electromyography showed multiple peripheral neurogenic lesions (motor and sensory nerve demyelination with axonal damage, more severe in lower limbs than in upper limbs). Whole exome sequencing and PCR verification indicated that the patient had a homozygous deletion in exon 4 of HK1 gene, and the variation site was located in the range of chr10:71048499-71048526, which had not been reported before, and the associated disease was peroneal muscular atrophy type 4G. Conclusion: This study expands the number of reported cases of CMT4G and the mutation spectrum of HK1 gene, and provides reference for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Skeletal Metalation of Lactams through Carbonyl-to-Nickel Exchange Logic
Authors: Zhong Hongyu , Egger Dominic , Gasser Valentina , Finkelstein Patrick , Keim Loris , Seidel Merlin , Trapp Nils , Morandi Bill
Published: February 2023

Classical metalation reactions such as the metal-halogen exchange are powerful tools to construct chemical bonds between two molecules. An analogous metal-carbon exchange strategy would provide a new entry into the direct structural remodeling of core carbon frameworks, yet its development has remained highly challenging. Here we introduce a skeletal metalation strategy that enables lactams, a highly prevalent motif in bioactive molecules, to be readily converted into well-defined, synthetically useful organonickel reagents. The reaction features a selective activation of unstrained CN bonds mediated by an easily prepared Ni(0) reagent, followed by CO deinsertion and dissociation under mild room temperature conditions in a formal carbonyl-to-nickel exchange process. The underlying principles of this unique reactivity was rationalized by organometallic and computational studies. The skeletal metalation was further applied to a direct CO excision reaction and a carbon isotope exchange reaction of lactams, underscoring the synthetic potential of metal-carbon exchange logic for skeletal modifications of complex molecules.
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Embedded in Porphyrinoids
Authors: Grover Nitika , Cheveau Maxime , Twamley Brendan , Kingsbury Christopher , Mattern Cornelia , Senge Mathias
Published: February 2023

We report a two-step approach to obtain synthetically versatile bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) derivatives using Grignard reagents. This method allows the incorporation of BCP units in tetrapyrrolic macrocycles and the synthesis of a new class of calix[4]pyrrole analogues by replacing two bridging methylene groups with two BCP units. In addition, a doubly N-confused system was also formed in the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents at the BCP bridgeheads. The pyrrole rings in BCP containing macrocycles exist in 1,3-alternate or conformation, as observed from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
A Manufacturing Strategy Utilizing a Continuous Mode Reactor toward Homogeneous PEGylated Bioconjugate Production
Authors: Nakahara Yuichi , Endo Yuta , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Kato Keisuke , Matsuda Yutaka , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: February 2023

Protein PEGylation is a traditional bioconjugation technology that enhances the therapeutic efficacy and in vivo half-life of proteins by the formation of covalent bonds with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The most established methodology for PEGylation utilizes activated ester-incorporating PEG reagents; however, the high reactivity of these reagents induces a random reaction with lysine residues on the protein surface, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of PEGylated proteins. Moreover, the traditional batch-mode reaction has risks relating to scalability and aggregation. To overcome these risks of traditional batch-mode PEGylation, a manufacturing strategy utilizing structural analysis and a continuous-flow-mode reaction was examined. A solvent exposure analysis revealed the most reactive lysine of a protein, and the continuous flow mode modified this lysine to achieve the mono-PEGylation of two different proteins within two seconds. This ultra-rapid modification reaction can be applied to the gram-scale manufacturing of PEGylated bioconjugates without generating aggregates. A similar trend of the exposure level of protein lysine and mono-selectivity performed by continuous-flow PEGylation was observed, which indicated that this manufacturing strategy has the potential to be applied to the production of a wide variety of bioconjugates.
Computation of Finite Temperature Mechanical Properties of ZIF Glasses by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Castel Nicolas , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: February 2023

Mechanical properties of amorphous phases of metal-organic frameworks, such as MOF glasses, are difficult to determine experimentally. Moreover, computational characterization is limited by the level of theory chosen for the description of interatomic interactions and is often computationally expensive. In this work, we have extensively investigated the computation of finite temperature mechanical properties of ZIF-4 in the crystal and glass phases. We critically assessed computational methodologies including ab initio molecular dynamics, reactive force fields, and classical force fields, based on a variety of glass models. We find that ZIF-4 glasses have a larger bulk modulus than the crystal and confirm previous studies that the density is larger for the glass phases. Moreover, we confirm in the case of ZIF glasses the relationship between density and bulk modulus, showing that obtaining models of correct density is key to the prediction of physical properties for these systems.
Concealed antiaromaticity
Authors: Glöcklhofer Florian
Published: February 2023

The literature reports numerous molecules claimed to be antiaromatic because of a formal 4n pi-electron system. However, this neglects the actual local aromaticity of the molecules, which often feature multiple subunits with [4n+2] pi-electrons besides the formal 4n pi-electron system. This has led to considerable criticism from those who believe that the term antiaromatic should not be used for any molecule with a formal 4n pi-electron system but should be reserved for truly antiaromatic molecules. To reconcile the different viewpoints, the concept of concealed antiaromaticity is introduced here. Concealed antiaromaticity acknowledges that many molecules claimed to be antiaromatic are not truly antiaromatic, but they can exhibit behaviour under certain conditions that would normally be expected for antiaromatic molecules. Three types of concealed antiaromaticity are distinguished based on the conditions under which the molecules can behave like antiaromatic molecules: concealed antiaromaticity revealable in redox reactions (Type I-CA), upon photoexcitation (Type II-CA), and in intermolecular interactions (Type III-CA). The concept of concealed antiaromaticity will enable the rational design of molecules that show the desirable properties of antiaromatic molecules under the different conditions, with broad applications from organic electronics to supramolecular architectures, while avoiding the low stability of truly antiaromatic molecules.
ECOFEMINISM TOPICS: WATER SCARCITY IN REMOTE DISTRICT OF UZBEKISTAN (CASE STUDY)
Authors: Zuhriddin Juraev
Published: February 2023

Against the background of recent global environmental changes on our planet, serious and dangerous problems are expanding. One of them is the problem of water scarcity. Water scarcity is severe mainly in the southern regions of Uzbekistan. Even in areas where water is not so scarce, the amount of water is decreasing because of pollution and salinity. This study examines the geographical and environmental aspects of water scarcity in Uzbekistan based on a Case Study. A small remote district of Uzbekistan called Oltinsoy was chosen for the study. The case study mainly focuses on the water problem in agriculture. Thus, the water problem in this area currently exists as an environmental problem, which seeks the main attention and quick solutions. The purpose of this study is to promote the fight against water scarcity in the region and to emphasize support for the concrete and effective implementation of projects to ensure sustainability at the local level. During the study, water scarcity is becoming more serious, and the results showed that a capable solution should be found as soon as possible. In the region, it was found necessary to implement many measures, such as the protection of water sources, the control of polluting wastes, and the implementation of effective management of water resources. However, there is a strong data limitation. In conclusion of the study, the following is considered very essential that bringing water collection systems into the area. It is necessary to carry out regional exact and transparent statistical data in the field of agriculture and others.
Unknown Catalog of the Library of Kharkiv Collegium of 1823
Authors: Posokhova Liudmyla
Published: February 2023

The article for the first time aims to investigate the catalog of the library of Kharkiv Collegium of 1823. Since the document was concluded shortly after the Kharkiv Collegium was transformed into a seminary, it recorded the final stage of the history of this library. By comparing the catalog of 1823 with the known previous catalogs (1753 and 1769) the task is to identify the dynamics and determine the essential characteristics of those changes in the book collection that occurred in the last third of the 18th – early 19th centuries. The importance of such intelligence is enhanced by the fact that in the first decade of the 19th century Kharkiv Collegium experienced the moment of its greatest development, completeness and number of academic disciplines taught there. In the course of researching the catalog of 1823, the quantitative composition of the collection (3228 manuscripts and printed books), the ratio of books published in different languages, the content of thematic "departments" of the library were analyzed. All parameters were considered with an emphasis on the growth of the library, which was observed after 1769. The study revealed that the collection of the Kharkiv Collegium in 1823 accumulated an array of modern scientific books from almost all fields of knowledge. They were supplemented by numerous natural-scientific works of a generalizing nature. The catalog of the library of 1823 presents the most important at that time textbooks in each of the sciences. The study of this catalog refuted several well-known claims based on the results of the analysis of the catalog of 1769 (in particular, the lack of works in the library that contained new ideas in literature, philosophy, science). The catalog of 1823 fully reflects the changes in the educational process that took place in colleges since the 1760s and continued in the early 19th century. Significant volumes of new educational literature testify to the birth of a new format of the library of this school, and the change of its mission. Since then, the library has performed not only the function of storing the most necessary books for study, but also rare editions and manuscripts. From the last third of the 18th century, the book collection of the library demonstrates a close connection with innovations in the educational process, a quick response to the challenges of the time, as evidenced by the emergence of new scientific and educational literature. At the beginning of the 19th century, the collection of books of Kharkiv Collegium acquired distinct features of the library of modern educational institution.
Russian Women in Emigration in Poland during the 1920s – 1940s
Authors: Yolkin Anatolii
Published: February 2023

The article examines the situation of Russian women-emigrants who found themselves on the territory of Poland in the 1920s – 1930s. Almost all categories of the population of the former Russian Empire were represented among the refugees in Poland. Among the ranks of the exiles there were also women who had to adapt to the difficult social conditions of their stay in the country. During the 1920s – 1930s, of the total number of emigrants (50-60 thousand people who stayed in the country) about 30 % were women and children. In 1919–1920, Poland was one of the centers of the anti-Bolshevik struggle. Therefore, the Russian emigrants gave their support to the Poles. For instance, Z. Gippius took part in the publication of the newspaper and the formation of Russian military units. After the end of the Soviet-Polish War, the soldiers and officers of these units were interned in camps. Among them were nurses, as well as women and children. The families of the internees were housed in common barracks, often women and children had to sleep on the floor. The Russian Red Cross Society, headed by L. I. Lyubimova, tried to provide the internees with food, clothing, medical care, and find work. By the mid-1920s, it became clear that the stay of exiles abroad could lasted for many years. Therefore, the main attention of the emigrant organizations were paid to cultural and educational activities. It was carried out through the Russian houses that appeared in Warsaw, Vilna and other cities. There women took an active part in the work of various circles, libraries, theater studios. In families, wives and mothers tried to maintain not only the home comfort, but also to educate children in the spirit of national traditions. So far as women in exile often had to support unemployed husbands or disabled people, they tried to find a job. But most of them could only hope for odd jobs in sewing workshops or trade.
The Abbasid House of Wisdom: Between Myth and Reality
Authors: ERÜNSAL İsmail E.
Published: February 2023

Abbâsî dönemi ilim ve kültür hayatından bahseden bütün araştırmalarda bu dönemin en önemli ilim merkezinin Bağdat Beytülhikmesi olduğu belirtilir. Abbâsîler devrinde bir süre ilmî faaliyetlerin etrafında yoğunlaştığı Beytülhikme, Hârûnürreşîd tarafından Bağdat’ta kurulmuş, oğlu Me’mûn tarafından da geliştirilmiştir. Anlaşıldığı kadarıyla bu dönemde Beytülhikme, çeşitli dillerden tercüme faaliyetlerinin yürütüldüğü merkez haline gelmiştir. Kaynaklardaki bazı kayıtlardan anlaşıldığına göre, muhtemelen sarayın bir bölümünde yer alan Beytülhikme’de tercüme faaliyetleri dışında halifenin ulema ve üdebâ ile yaptığı sohbetler de gerçekleştirilmekteydi.
THE ROLE OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDES AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: PASCAL Simona A. , CHIVU Alina C.
Published: February 2023

The literature raises concerns in terms of the psychological functioning of the students. Their well-being can be impaired by some problems they may face, like academic, personal, financial, or social ones. Cognitive theories support the fact that at the origin of the psycho-emotional consequences lies a dysfunctional thinking pattern. It can determine how people perceive events or their attitudes regarding the situations they experience. All these aspects play an important role in mental health. Thus, the first objective of the present study was to identify possible associations between dysfunctional attitudes, irrational beliefs, and perceived stress among students. The second objective was to test whether the relationship between irrational beliefs and dysfunctional attitudes is explained by perceived stress, through a mediation model. In this research, 148 students filled in three psychological scales that measure the following constructs: dysfunctional attitudes, irrational beliefs, and perceived stress. In general, the results emphasized negative and weak associations between attitudes and cognitions (r = -.265, p = .001) and perceived stress and attitudes (r = -.167, p = .043), but a positive relationship between cognition and perceived stress (r = .312, p < .001). Also, the mediation analysis showed that there are misgivings that perceived stress does explain the relationship between irrational cognitions and dysfunctional attitudes. These preliminary findings could be an initial step in the educational environment to improve the beliefs and attitudes assessment among students by targeting them as important elements.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF THE STUDENTS IN ETWINNING PROJECTS
Authors: CATANĂ Luminiţa , MIHĂILESCU Angelica
Published: February 2023

The article highlights the students’ perspective regarding their experience with eTwinning, their investment of resources, their expectations, as well as the academic and personal outcomes obtained as a result of their involvement. The students’ opinions about the collaborative dimension of these projects in new learning contexts, the effectiveness of communication, the perspectives of personal development, the skills they developed, the well-being, and the motivation for learning are analyzed. The current article is based on a secondary analysis of data collected in a research project carried out in 2021 on a sample of 921 secondary and high school students, which aimed to assess the effects of the eTwinning project in Romania. The article focuses on the analysis of qualitative data regarding the learning experiences that the eTwinning project provided to the participating students.
TEACHERS’ RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE POLICY DEBATES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN HUNGARY AND ROMANIA
Authors: SAFTA-ZECHERIA Leyla , MITESCU MANEA Mihaela , NEUMANN Eszter
Published: February 2023

At the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, governments worldwide suspended face-to-face education in schools to manage the spread of the Sars-Cov-2 virus. Romania and Hungary were not exceptional in this regard during the first wave of the pandemic. However, further along, the two countries’ policy pathways strongly diverged. Hungary strategized keeping schools open to ensure parents could attend to their employment obligations. Romania suspended face-to-face education in schools for long periods. The paper looks at these two national cases through a Critical Frame Analysis (Dombos et al., 2012) of education policy debates during the initial three waves of the pandemic (March 2020 – July 2021). It answers the question: How were the health rights of teachers and the health crisis in education framed in the education policy debates during the Covid-19 pandemic? Policy documents and policy related position documents by non-government actors were selected by country experts from both countries and coded inductively looking at the right to education, the right to health, and the relationship between economic activities and education. We present our findings concerning how teachers’ rights to health are featured in the policy debates between the government, oppositional political parties, trade unions and other stakeholders. Finally, we use our analysis to point to recommendations addressing the complex challenge of equally ensuring vulnerable pupils’ rights to education and teachers’ rights to health through coherent crisis management policies.
Pollen biology and reproductive ecology of selected paleotropical Dendrobiums and its commercial hybrids
Authors: De Silva Rumalie , Herath Harshini , Ratnayake Sena , Attanayake Renuka , Senanayake Priyanganie
Published: February 2023

Understanding the reproductive biology is of great importance in the development of novel hybrids in ornamental plants. Pollen fitness-related traits are crucial for the pollination success in any plant species including dendrobiums. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the fitness traits of ten commercial Dendrobium hybrids and two indigenous Dendrobium species, D. crumenatum and D. anosmum found in Sri Lanka. We measured pollen viability, pollen germinability, and fruit production after controlled pollination. The effect of storage temperature on D. crumenatum pollen viability was evaluated to establish a suitable pollen storage method to improve future breeding programmes, as the flowering of dendrobiums is seasonal. The reproductive ecology of selected dendrobiums was studied by the observations of visits of natural pollinators and by assessing floral morphology to predict their potential pollinators. Six commercial hybrids had non-viable pollen while D. crumenatum showed the highest pollen germinability under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Ninety percent of the commercial hybrids failed in vitro pollen germination whereas under in vivo conditions 50% were successful. Self-incompatibility in D. crumenatum was observed in both hand-pollination and under natural pollination. Pollen of D. crumenatum can be stored for two weeks at 9°C maintaining viability and germinability. Selected dendrobiums have shown adaptations to melittophily, suggesting the pollination by bees. Findings indicated a reduction of male fitness in most of the commercial Dendrobium hybrids and a higher fruit set is seen in selfing than cross-pollination. The present study provides information for developing conservation strategies and future hybridization programmes in paleotropical dendrobiums.
Effects of Citrus aurantifolia Linn and Xylopia aethopica (Dunal) A. Rich Extracts on Leaf Blight Disease of Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott)
Authors: F. N. Ugwuja , V.N. Offor , F.E. Akanwa , N.K. Achi , A. K. Onifade
Published: February 2023

Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski, an Oomycete phytopathogen, has been known for several decades as the causal agent of the most infectious and devastating disease of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, known as taro leaf blight (TLB). Investigations were conducted in a screenhouse to determine the effects of fruit extracts of Citrus aurantifolia and Xylopia aethiopica on the incidence and severity of TLB. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replicates.  Healthy taro seedlings obtained from the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, were planted in plastic pots (5000 cm3) containing sterilized soil enriched with poultry manure. The plant extracts were applied as foliar spray on taro leaves with manually operated hand sprayer at 7 weeks after planting and continued at four days intervals for a period of 28 days. Positive check was maintained with the fungicide Ridomil (a.i. mefenoxam) applied at the rate of 0.67 mg.ml-1 while zero concentration in distilled water served as negative control. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and means were separated using F-LSD.  Results showed very high reduction of disease with plant extracts (P < 0.05) and Ridomil compared to the control. Citrus aurantifolia juice was more efficient in reducing the incidence and severity of TLB compared to X. aethiopica extracts and was highly significant (P< 0.05). The overwhelmingly fungitoxic effects of  C. aurantifolia and X. aethiopica extracts on P. colocasiae as expressed in the reduction of disease suggests that these extracts can serve as alternative bio-fungicide for  the control of TLB. Hence, further studies under field conditions are required to reestablish their efficacy.
Evaluation of Source and Sink Capacity of New Cowpea Varieties
Authors: Saidah Faza Yasmin , Purnamawati Heni , Lubis Iskandar
Published: February 2023

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a perennial species originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea has long been cultivated in Indonesia and is classified as a species tolerant of drought and acid soil. Cowpea shows its adaptation to acidic soil (pH = 4.83) by being able to produce 50% to 60% of the seed weight under optimum conditions. This enhances the potential of cowpea to be used and developed as one of the current food options. This research was carried out to optimise of cowpea productivity by studying the relationship between the source and sink of cowpea. This research was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 at the Cikabayan experimental station, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized block design. Four cowpea varieties were evaluated, “Albina”, “Arghavan”, and “Uno”. The measured parameters consisted of photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, plant growth rate, the net assimilation rate of the number of pods, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, dry seed weight, the weight of 100-seeds, and productivity. The cowpea varieties did not show significant differences in the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, plant growth rate, and net assimilation rate. Photosynthesis rate in the three cowpea varieties ranged from 29.20 to 31.77 mol. m⁻².s⁻1 at 50% flowering, and from 17.01 to 19.79 mol.m⁻².s⁻1 at the first harvest. The three cowpea varieties in this study showed no differences in their source-sink capacity and productivity.
Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) To Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mumpuni Fia Sri , Yulianti Nani , Maryani Yeni
Published: February 2023

The fish feed waste and litters are organic matter that can be a source of nutrients for plants. This study is aimed to determine the growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) treated with wastewater from hard-lipped barb culture of several population densities. The research was carried out from April through June of 2020 at the greenhouse of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Djuanda University, Bogor, Indonesia. The controlled study used a randomized block design with one factor, wastewater from fish population density of 10, 20 and 30 per 21 L of water, and AB Mix as a control. Plants treated with the AB Mix were significantly superior to those plants treated with the hard-lipped barb farming wastewater, demonstrated by taller plants, more and larger leaves, larger stem diameter and leaf area, longer roots, greater fresh and dry weight, as well as a higher leaf nitrate content. The aquaculture wastewater at the tested fish density in this study did not support optimal growth of lettuce, so lettuce production is still very low compared to those grown with the AB mix.
Bekerjanya Hukum Dalam Pertambangan Emas Tidak Berizin Dikecamatan Sekotong Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Irfan Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Secara empiris pertambangan emas Kecamatan Sekotong Kabupaten Lombok Barat adalah sebuah peristiwa hukum yang telah menjadi perhatian dan atensi publik yang telah berlangsung bertahun tahun, menjadi pertanyaan publik hukum, mengapa pengaturan dan upaya pembiaran terhadap eksistensi pertambangan emas ilegal ini masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Penelitian ini dihajatkan untuk mengkaji secara empiris bekerjanya hukum dalam memberikan pengaturan yang lebih tegas terhadap aktivitas pertambangan emas tidak berizin di kecamatan Sekotong. Dalam penulisan penelitian ini menggunakan, penelitian hukum empiris, yang melihat dinamika perkembangan pertambangan emas tidak berizin dan mengambil hubungannya dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan penerbitan izin pertambangan antara pemerintah kabupaten dengan pemerintah provinsi dalam penerbitan izin pertambangan rakyat, setelah dikaji lebih jauh menurut Undang-undang pertambangan tahun 2020 bahwa otoritas Pemerintah Provinsi untuk menerbitkan izin pertambangan rakyat, namun dalam realitasnya pemrintah Provinsi NTB belum tampak melakukan tindakan yang signifikan dalam menertibkan pertambangan emas ilegal di Kecamatan Sekotong Kabupaten Lombok Barat.
The Survival Strategies of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in The New Normal Era
Authors: Nadyan Arfid Fathun , Selvia Elsa , Fauzan Shidqy
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 Pandemic is a challenge in itself for MSME players to be able to maintain their business. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential problems and survival strategies of MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic era. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with this type of literature survey research. The data used in this study are secondary data published in the Ministry of KUKM, BPS, and various literature that can be used to answer research problems. The study results found that many MSMEs were forced to close their businesses due to decreased consumer demand for working from home. However, many MSMEs are trying to survive in their business by marketing their products through E-Commerce, digital marketing, improving product and service quality, pricing strategies, promotion strategies, and product diversification, and taking advantage of opportunities that exist in the pandemic era. Besides, there are many incentives that the government has implemented to reduce production costs in the form of interest subsidies as well as providing additional capital for MSME players.
Strategy of Improvement of the Human Development Indeks in Indonesia Through Sustainable Settlement Management
Authors: Andriansyah Fajar , Wulandari Cahyani , Hayatri Tesya Nur , Zahra Abia Hessa Liayana
Published: February 2023

Pengelolaan Permukiman dalam upaya peningkatkan kualitas lingkungan menjadi tugas bagi semua elemen dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Hal tersebut karena kualitas kesehatan masyarakat dipengaruhi juga oleh kualitas lingkungan yang sehat. Dalam penelitian ini mengenai permukiman berkelanjutan terhadap IPM dimaksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh permukiman berkelanjutan terhadap IPM dan faktor yang mempengaruhi IPM, serta strategi dalam peningkatan IPM melalui permukiman berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan model analsisi regresi untuk melihat pengaruh permukiman berkelanjutan terhadap IPM serta faktor yang mempengaruhi IPM dan model analisis AHP untuk mendapatkan alternatif strategi dalam peningkatan IPM. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu permukiman berkelanjutan sangat berpengaruh terhadap IPM Indonesia dengan hasil uji penelitian 98 persen faktor permukiman berkelanjutan yaitu akses air bersih dengan nilai 0,982070 dan jaringan telekomunikasi dengan nilai 21,18823 sangat mempengaruhi IPM. Kemudian terdapat alternatif strategi yang dapat digunakan dalam tujuan peningkatan IPM yaitu peningkatan pelayanan publik dan akses kesehatan serta infrastruktur, peningkatakn kualitas air yang layak, dan peningkatan pengelolaan permukiman.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA UFPR DE APLICAÇÃO DA ENGENHARIA DO CONHECIMENTO: DESCOBERTA DO CONHECIMENTO INSTITUCIONAL
Authors: FREITAS MARIA DO CARMO DUARTE , MENDES JUNIOR RICARDO
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: A pesquisa trata da aplicação do método de transição da Engenharia da Informação para a Engenharia do Conhecimento, como estratégia estruturada para a descoberta do conhecimento organizacional sobre quem pesquisa e o que pesquisa na temática de “Smart Cities”. Design/Metodologia/Abordagem: Relato de experiência, a partir de um estudo descritivo, envolvendo levantamento bibliográfico, com abordagem qualitativa, documental e descrição dos procedimentos adotados. O experimento envolveu as atividades de gestão e administração de informações: reunir, mapear e organizar as pesquisas e os pesquisadores da área. Resultados: A experiência permitiu concluir como aplicar o processo de engenharia proposto pelos autores em artigos anteriores. E detalhar procedimentos para os níveis operacional (dados), tático (informação) e estratégico (conhecimento). Resultados que ofereceram à instituição um processo que facilita a transformação do conhecimento sistematizado em inteligência organizacional e competitiva. Na geração de conhecimento realizou-se análise de conteúdo, com elaboração de um e-book, reuniões para troca de experiências e seminário para apresentação de pesquisas. Originalidade/Valor: apresenta uma estrutura que estabelece as relações e aproximações teóricas entre as áreas de conhecimento: ciência e gestão da informação, engenharia da informação e engenharia do conhecimento.
IDENTIFICADORES E CIÊNCIA ABERTA: ELEMENTOS PARA UMA ANÁLISE SÓCIO-TÉCNICA DA ORCID
Authors: BÉQUET GAËLLE
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: descrever e analisar o ambiente técnico e social de um identificador usado globalmente na comunidade de pesquisa preocupada com a implementação da ciência aberta. Design / Metodologia / abordagem: este artigo descreve o processo de criação de um identificador através das lentes da Social Construction Of Technology (SCOT) e da Actor Network Theory (ANT). Esta pesquisa usa fontes primárias disponíveis nos sites Orcid e ISNI, bem como literatura cinza fornecida por um bibliotecário envolvido no desenvolvimento do ISNI. Fontes secundárias, e. g. artigos revisados por pares também são citados. Resultados: os grupos sociais que apoiam o Orcid são identificados e suas ações são descritas. O modelo de desenvolvimento da Orcid é analisado. A relação entre Orcid e o advento de sistemas de monitoramento da produção científica pública é estabelecida. Originalidade/ Valor: identificadores persistentes são considerados uma infraestrutura chave da ciência aberta. Várias partes interessadas estão envolvidas em sua implementação. É importante entender qual agência essas partes interessadas têm nos sistemas técnicos para fazê-los atender aos seus objetivos.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PADA KOMODITAS KOPI ARABIKA KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Boto Atiqah Bonanza , Khairati Rusda , Ifdal Ifdal
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Arabica coffee commodities and analyze the impact of government policies on Arabica coffee commodities in Solok Regency. This research data analysis method using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that the Arabica coffee plantation business in Solok Regency has competitiveness both in terms of competitive advantage and comparative advantage, where the value of the ratio of private costs and domestic cost ratios obtained is less than one, namely 0.65 and 0.48. For the impact of the Arabica coffee output policy, the private price of Arabica coffee is lower than the social price. The impact of the production input policy causes the private price of tradable input to be higher than the social price, and the impact of the input-output policy causes a decrease in the producer surplus, meaning that there is no economic incentive to increase Arabica coffee production. The suggestions from this research is  expected that farmers can increase the productivity of Arabica coffee than the government is expected to expand the planting area and facilitate the provision of superior seeds. The government is also expected to stabilize the selling price of Arabica coffee at the farmer level.
Abnormal Prefrontal Brain Activation During a Verbal Fluency Task in Treatment-Resistant Depression Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Jing-Jing , Shen Chen-Yu , Liu Xiao-Min , Liu Po-Zi
Published: February 2023

Objective The study investigated cognitive performance and brain function between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non- TRD patients to find potential neurobiological markers associated with refractoriness in depression patients.Methods Fourteen TRD patients, 26 non-TRD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) were included in the present study. The neural function of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cognitive performance among the three group were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during verbal fluency task (VFT).Results Both TRD and non-TRD groups exhibited significantly worse VFT performance and lower activation of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes in the bilateral dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) compared to the HC group. Within the TRD and non-TRD groups, VFT performance was no significant difference, but activation of oxy-Hb changes in dorsomedial PFC (DMPFC) in TRD patients was significantly lower than non-TRD patients. In addition, activation of oxy-Hb changes in right DLPFC were negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in depression patients.Conclusion Both TRD patients and non-TRD patients exhibited lower oxy-Hb activation in DLPFC. TRD patients exhibit lower oxy- Hb activation in DMPFC than non-TRD patients. fNIRS maybe a useful tool for predict depressive patients with or without treatment resistant.
The Usefulness of Quantitative Electroencephalography in Diagnosis and Severity Evaluation of Delirium: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kim Seung Bhin , Bong Su Hyun , Lee Jong Hun , Choi Tae Young , Yoon Seo Young , Kim Jun Won
Published: February 2023

Objective Incontrovertible disease markers are absent in delirium. This study investigated the usefulness of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in diagnosing delirium.Methods This retrospective case-control study reviewed medical records and qEEG data of 69 age/sex-matched patients (delirium group, n=30; control group, n=39). The first minute of artifact-free EEG data with eyes closed was selected. Nineteen electrodes’ sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with delirium rating scale-revised-98 were analyzed.Results On comparing the means of absolute power by frontal, central, and posterior regions, the delta and theta powers showed significant differences (p<0.001) in all regions, and the magnitude of the absolute power was higher in the delirium group than in the control group; only the posterior region showed a significant (p<0.001) difference in beta power. The spectral power of theta at the frontal region (area under the curve [AUC]=0.84) and theta at the central and posterior regions (AUC=0.83) showed 90% sensitivity and 79% specificity, respectively, in differentiating delirious patients and controls. The beta power of the central region showed a significant negative correlation with delirium severity (R=-0.457, p=0.011).Conclusion Power spectrum analysis of qEEG showed high accuracy in screening delirium among patients. The study suggests qEEG as a potential aid in diagnosing delirium.