bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Electrical and Thermal Performance of Water-Based Photovoltaic Thermal Collector in Nigeria.
Authors: Awai Kar R. , King Peter , Patchigolla Kumar , Jain Sagar M.
Published: April 2024

The research work explores the impact of temperature on Silicon photovoltaic (PV) panels considering Nigeria as case study. It is found that high solar radiation in Nigeria increases surface temperature of PV panel above 25oC of optimal operating temperature of PV panels. Redundant energy gain from incident solar energy is dissipated at the rear of PV panels as heat, which reduces the efficiency of PV panel. Cooling mechanism is needed to cool the PV panels to increase the efficiency. In this study we demonstrated a unique design of a bifunctional photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system by employing heat exchanger at the rear of PV panel and water is used as a working fluid that is circulated through the heat exchanger to remove the excess heat. It is observed from the simulation results that Maiduguri peak annual electrical power output gives 1907kWh/kWp which is the highest, because of high solar radiation average of 727W/m2 in a year. And for Makurdi the peak annual electrical power output of 1542kWh/kWp while for Port Harcourt the peak power output of 1355kWh/kWp respectively. Interestingly, Polycrystalline Si-PV surface temperature decrease from 49.25oC to 38.38oC. Electrical power increased from 1526.83W to 1566.82W in a day and efficiency increase from 13.99% to 15.01%.
Clamping Pressure during Step Loading of Power Transformer with and without Prior Energisation
Authors: Madshaven Inge , Enoksen Henrik , Lundgaard Lars E. , Jaufer Stefan , Krause Christoph , Prašnikar Borut , Mjelve Asgeir
Published: April 2024

Electrification of society, increasing renewable energy sources and mobility charging lead to new loading patterns for power transformers. Dynamic load conditions induce enhanced mechanical stress on the transformers’ windings, potentially causing degradation of the solid insulation over time and compromising the transformer's short-circuit withstand capability. Thermal expansion of the windings, caused by losses in the copper conductors, occurring as the transformer is load-ed, increases the stress. Conversely, magnetic losses in the core and tie plate expansion contribute to a reduction in stress. This paper presents the effect of step changes in core losses and copper losses by on-line measurements of the clamping pressure, to better understand the mechanical stresses acting upon the solid insulation cellulose materials.
Effect of Carbon on Void Nucleation in Iron
Authors: Shao Lin
Published: April 2024

The nucleation of voids in alpha iron and the influence of carbon were investigated through a combination of rate theory and nucleation theory calculations. The steady rates of void nucleation exhibit high sensitivity to carbon. Even a seemingly negligible carbon concentration, as low as a few atomic parts per million (appm), can dramatically reduce the nucleation rates and narrow the temperature window for nucleation. This study highlights the challenges in certifying and qualifying nuclear materials for use in reactor environments. It emphasizes the necessity for precise control of impurity levels during materials processing and stringent requirements for irradiation testing, which are susceptible to contamination. Furthermore, the study provides an explanation for the significant data scattering observed in void swelling behaviors as reported in the literature.
Deformation Prediction Model of Existing Tunnel Structures with Equivalent Layered Method‐Peck Coupled under Multiple Factors
Authors: Li Yifan , Huang Changfu , Lu Hongjian , Mou Chao
Published: April 2024

By repeated unloading and loading of the excavation dynamic and static loads, repeated train dynamic and static loads of multi-factors, the underpass tunnel, cross tunnel engineering influence area rock layer, the existing tunnel structure of the three constitutes a multifaceted structure, multi-factor interaction system. Existing tunnels into the prediction theory model of the new tunnel excavation process of dynamic and static loads, dynamic and static loads of existing tunnels are mostly analyzed individually, the results of synergistic analysis needs to be improved. Based on the theory of the current layer method, the paper comprehensively considers the stiffness of the existing tunnel, the stiffness of the new tunnel, the excavation method load and the existing tunnel load, coupled with Peck's empirical formula, the theoretical model of deformation prediction for excavation of a two-lane highway tunnel under the tunnel through the existing railroad is proposed, and verified and optimized by numerical calculations and monitoring data, which proves the applicability and reliability of the theoretical model in the similar strata and the project promotion.
Polarization and Incident Angle Independent Multifunctional and Multiband Tunable THz Metasurface Based on VO2
Authors: Iqbal Rehmat , Jie Cao , Qureshi Ubaid ur Rahman , Rehman Zia Ur , Jafar Naveed
Published: April 2024

Aiming at the limitations of single-functionality, limited applicability, and complex designs prevalent in current metasurfaces, we propose a terahertz multifunctional and multiband tunable metasurface utilizing a VO2-metal hybrid structure. This metasurface structure comprises a top VO2-metal resonance layer, a middle polyimide dielectric layer, and a gold film reflective layer at the bottom. This metasurface exhibits multifunctionality, operating independently of polarization and incident angle. The varying conductivity states of the VO2 layers, enable the metasurface to achieve various terahertz functionalities, including single-band absorption, broadband THz absorption, and multiband perfect polarization conversion for linear (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) incident waves. Finally, we believe that the functional adaptability of the proposed metasurface expands the repertoire of options available for future terahertz device designs.
Quality-aware Signal Processing Mechanism for Long-term Heart Rate Monitoring
Authors: Beh Win-Ken , Yang Yu-Chia , Wu An-Yeu
Published: April 2024

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is widely utilized in wearable healthcare devices due to its convenient measurement capabilities. However, the unrestricted behavior of users often introduces artifacts into the PPG signal. As a result, signal processing and quality assessment play a crucial role in ensuring that the information contained in the signal can be effectively acquired and analyzed. Traditionally, researchers have discussed signal quality and processing algorithms separately, with individual algorithms developed to address specific artifacts. In this paper, we propose a quality-aware signal processing mechanism that evaluates incoming PPG signals using signal quality index (SQI) and selects the appropriate processing method based on the SQI. Unlike conventional processing approaches, our proposed mechanism recommends processing algorithms based on the quality of each signal, offering an alternative option for designing signal processing flows. Furthermore, our mechanism achieves a favorable trade-off between accuracy and energy consumption, which are the key considerations in long-term heart rate monitoring.
Community-Based Adaptation as a Transdisciplinary Approach and Instrument for a Social-Ecological Transformation
Authors: Selje Tom , Strikker Paul , Heinz Boris
Published: April 2024

Adaptation to the impacts of human induced global heating is inevitable. For a socially just and ecological sustainable adjustment to these new circumstances, we need to draw from diverse knowledge systems while, simultaneously, foster a social-ecological transformation. We approach these concerns through the concept of community-based adaptation (CBA) and discuss remedies. Synergies with feminist knowledge systems and indigenous ways of living show the transdisciplinary essence of CBA. By abstracting from its origin and overlapping disciplines, revealing the social metabolism as a common problem, CBA is prone to achieve more equitable and sustainable adjustments. Transdisciplinarity itself and the current related CBA literature point beyond mere adjustments and call for a redesign of the social metabolism, thereby shifting from adaptation to global heating towards adaptation with nature by focusing on social provisioning. An engagement with transformative adaptation and heterodox economics further shows the potential of CBA to serve as an instrument in support of a social-ecological transformation by addressing root causes of vulnerability and by fostering epistemic justice. Reflecting these points back on the epistemological and ontological assumptions of CBA, the viewpoint proposes critical realism as a guiding philosophy of science to move forward.
A Review on Clinical Optoacoustic Imaging: Are We Close to Clinical Adoption?
Authors: Contador Sergio , Ripoll Jorge , Lage Eduardo , Aguirre Juan
Published: April 2024

Optoacoustic imaging is an emerging technology that holds great promise for improving general clinical practice since it offers a unique combination of optical absorption contrast, high resolution, and high penetration depth. This combination of factors provides a distinct advantage over alternative imaging modalities in oncology, cardiology, dermatology, or endocrinology among other medical fields. Optoacoustic technology affords the medical practitioner the possibility of visualizing light-absorbing biomolecules like water, lipids, oxy/deoxy hemoglobin, or melanin in deep tissue with relatively cheap and small form factor instruments, without the need of contrast agents or ionizing radiation. Moreover, exogenous fluorescent contrast agents like indocyanine green or methylene blue can also be observed.
Driven by its potential for new applications in the clinic, the field has experienced intense changes in the last 20 years. Continuous technological advancements in instrumentation, image formation methods, or acquisition geometries, have led to the development of numerous clinical devices also motivating the creation of several startup companies that aim to translate the technology from the lab to the clinic. Thus, the question arises: how far are we from clinical adoption?
In this article, we aim to shed light on such question by reviewing the clinical studies that have been performed in the last 10 years. Our intention is to go beyond the classical review format by providing a brief general overview of the steps that new imaging methods undergo on their journey from the lab to clinical adoption. Then we examine the progress that optoacoustic technology has made on such a journey.
MIoT-aware Hessian Linear Feature Embedding Based Tucker Congruence Deep Convolutional Network for Epidemic Disease Control with Cloud
Authors: Alzakari Sarah A. , Sivakumar Nithya Rekha , Ibrahim Ahmed Zohair , Justin Shekaina , Chelliah Chandrasekar
Published: April 2024

Reliable prediction of infectious disease is an essential need for public health organizations to minimize or prevent the disease's spread. With the increase of data growth in the healthcare sector, accurate analysis of such data helps for early disease detection and better patient care. With the availability of huge data, it is a great deal for predicting and handling an epidemic occurrence. To control the epidemic disease, a new Artificial Intelligence called Manhattan Hessian Linear Feature Embedding Based Tucker Congruence Deep Convolutional Network (MHLFE-TCDCN) is introduced with higher accuracy and minimum time consumption. The MIoT device is used to collect the data from the patient body. The proposed MHLFE-TCDCN includes two major processes namely feature selection and classification with multiple layers such as input, two hidden layers, and one output layer. First, the feature selection process is performed using the Manhattan Hessian Locally Linear Embedding technique in the first hidden layer to minimize the dimensionality and time complexity. After selecting the feature, the classification is performed using the Tucker coefficient of congruence regression. The Tucker coefficient of congruence measures the similarity between the training and testing disease data. A positive similarity level is used to accurately identify the disease at the output layer based on the similarity measure. Experimental assessment is carried out with various parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, and computational time concerning several numbers of patient data. The quantitative results and discussion that the proposed MHLFE-TCDCN technique achieves higher accuracy with minimal computation time as compared to the conventional methods.
Solutions for the System of Nonlinear Mixed Variational Inequality Problems
Authors: Gissy H. , Ahmadini A. A. H. , . Salahuddin
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose a system of nonlinear mixed variational inequality problems, which consists of two elliptic mixed variational inequality problems on Banach spaces. Under suitable assumptions, using the Kakutani-Ky Fan fixed point theorem and Minty techniques, we prove the solution set to the system of nonlinear mixed variational inequality problem is nonempty, weakly compact and unique. Additionally, we suggest a stability result for the system of nonlinear mixed variational inequality problem by perturbing the duality mappings. Furthermore, we present an optimal control problem governed by the system of nonlinear mixed variational inequality problems and establish a solvability result.
Mechanical interaction of a projectile body with a bore walls of an electromagnetic accelerator. Numerical solution
Authors: Plekhanov Alexander Valentinovich , Ryzhov Sergey Yurievich
Published: April 2024

The vibration of the accelerator rails under the action of electromagnetic forces, the right boundary of which is moving along with the armature along the barrel bore, is considered. The rail accelerator is simply considered as a Bernoulli-Euler beam of finite length, lying on a viscoelastic foundation, with cantilever support from the side of the accelerator breech. The rail vibration is described by a differential equation in partial derivatives of the fourth order in coordinate and the second order in time. The equation is solved numerically by combined method: finite differences in time and finite elements in coordinate. A comparison of the results of numerical calculations with an analytical solution showed that the developed code evaluates the behavior of the rail well under the influence of an EM load moving along its length along the entire trajectory of the accelerated body. Using the developed code, the influence of the current profile in the accelerator circuit and the foundation parameters on the dynamics of bending waves arising and propagating in the rail, the position and magnitude of the maximum rail deflection was studied. It is shown that it is possible to select a current profile that minimizes the rail accelerator deflection during acceleration. It is also found that the choice of the optimal current profile has no less effect on the maximum rail deflection than improving the parameters of the accelerator foundation. The calculation results may be useful in the design of an electromagnetic rail accelerator.
Nodulina kuhnti n. Sp. and nodulina eugubina n. Sp., New Agglutinated Foraminifera from the Lower Paleocene of the Scaglia Rossa, Umbria–Marche Basin, Italy
Authors: Hikmahtiar Syouma , Kaminski Michael A.
Published: April 2024

This paper describes two Paleogene deep-water agglutinated foraminiferal species from the Contessa Highway Section of the Umbria–Marche Basin, Italy. The foraminiferal assemblages in the lowermost Paleogene are dominated by opportunistic species belonging to the Reophax group. Previous studies of the agglutinated foraminifera from the Scaglia Rossa Formation have reported hormosinids (Reophax spp.) mostly using open nomenclature. To facilitate the proper species assignment according to accurate species descriptions, we describe the new species Nodulina kuhnti n. sp. and Nodulina eugubina n. sp. Both species are characterized by their more or less straight elongated tests with horizontal sutures, and therefore are best assigned to the genus Nodulina. They constitute a significant component of the benthic foraminiferal assemblage in the stratigraphic interval above the K/Pg boundary.
Improved Flow Material Balance Equation for Dynamic Reserve Calculation Considering Variable Gas Drainage Radius in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Qiu Tingting , Wei Yunsheng , Yan Haijun , Cheng Minhua , Liu Pengcheng
Published: April 2024

Based on the nonlinear relationship between the cumulative gas production and the total pressure difference, a segmental material balance equation was applied, and an improved flow material balance (FMB) equation was proposed to calculate the dynamic reserves of shale gas reservoirs with a variable gas drainage radius. In the early stage, the shale gas well drainage radius gradually increased. The spread range of the formation pressure increased, but fractures gradually closed because of the enhancement of the effective stress. This resulted in stress sensitivity. In the middle to late stages, the gas drainage radius can be regarded as unchanged. The rate of increase in the pressure spreading range decreased, and the rate of decrease in the fracture closure decreased. The stress sensitivity can be ignored. To explain these phenomena, a segmental material balance equation was established. Furthermore, an improved FMB equation was obtained based on the productivity equation using the potential superposition theorem, and the drainage radius of horizontal wells was regarded as a variable for the last dynamic reserve calculation. Finally, the dynamic reserves of four shale gas wells were calculated. The comparison indicated that the proposed improved equation predictions agreed more closely with actual development experience than the conventional models based on the dynamic recovery rate calculation and the correlation coefficient obtained by data fitting. The proposed method improves the dynamic reserve calculations and contributes to well productivity evaluation.
Faces and bodies in person perception
Authors: Forner Katelyn , Tanaka James W.
Published: April 2024

When we see a person approaching us on the street, can we attend to their face independently of the body and conversely, can we attend to their body, independently of their face? Or, is face and body information combined to form a whole person percept? To test these questions, we constructed a whole-person composite stimulus by aligning or misaligning the face from one person with the body from another. Pairs of aligned or misaligned face-body composites were presented sequentially to participants in a “same/different” task and discrimination difficulty was parametrically manipulated via a morphing procedure. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge the identity of the face and ignore the body. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to judge the identity of the body and ignore the face. In both experiments, we found a congruency effect where “same/different” discriminations to the cued portion (Experiment 1: face; Experiment 2: body) were influenced by information in the to-be-ignored uncued portion. The magnitude of the congruency effect increased as the discrimination decisions became more difficult. Critically, spatial alignment between the face and body did not affect the congruency effect; indicating that the integration of face and body information occurs at the decisional stage of processing rather than at the perceptual holistic encoding stage. Together, our results indicate that it is difficult to selectively attend to just the face or the body in person perception.
RETRACTED: GIPC1 remodels lipid metabolism by transporting DECR1 into mitochondria against ferroptosis during dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Baofeng , Zhao Dan , Tang Nannan , Li Shuijie , Liang Haihai , Huang Di , Han Yanna , Chen Yuqing , Li Xiang , Mu Ruxue , Sun Yilin , Zhang Zifeng , Zuo Jinlu , Wang He , Wu Jiaying , Zhang Jie , Qu Yang , Liu Jin-Ping , Wang Ning , Bai Yunlong
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested the removal of their preprint from Research Square, due to current circumstances that make preprinting challenging at this time. The author's request does not imply errors or misconduct.
Multifunctional Probiotic and Safety Attributes Heyndrickxia coagulans Isolated from Stingless Bee Honey
Authors: Prakit Benyapa , Chaiyod Rungravee , Khongkool Kittiya , Chanasit Wankuson , Lertworapreecha Monthon
Published: April 2024

Background Heyndrickxia coagulans, recognized for its probiotic attributes and resilience as an endospore-forming bacterium, is increasingly studied for health supplement applications. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential and safety of novel H. coagulansstrains isolated from stingless bee honey, a new source for this bacterium, and to characterize their multifunctional probiotic properties.
Results We isolated two novel H. coagulansstrains, TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, and conducted comprehensive in vitroanalyses to assess their probiotic traits such as acid and bile salt tolerance, self-aggregation, and pathogen inhibition. The strains were also evaluated for safety through antibiotic susceptibility testing and hemolytic activity. Functional properties, including GABA production, antioxidant activity, were examined to establish their potential as probiotics. TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261 exhibited core probiotic characteristics and showed excellent survivability under acidic conditions and in the presence of bile salts. They displayed strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogens and demonstrated significant GABA production and antioxidant capabilities. The safety assessments confirmed their non-hemolytic nature and susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics.
Conclusion The novel H. coagulans strains TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, with their robust probiotic properties, antioxidant activities, and safety profiles, emerged as promising candidates for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements. This study enhances the biodiversity of available probiotics and supports the continuous search for novel strains with unique health-promoting characteristics.
Unleashing Academic Excellence: Innovative Continuous Evaluation Strategies for Programming-Intensive Courses
Authors: Revar Ashish , Wandra Kalpesh
Published: April 2024

The study focuses on the process of continuous assessment which occurs in classes which are involving program- ming. It focuses on the ability of various continuous and varied assessment tools to enhance active learning, teamwork, and outcome-based education (OBE). The selection from a variety, the mix, of different assessment methodologies like scenario- based mid-term exams and teamwork group assignments were knowingly and carefully applied. The study underscores the effect of various assessment techniques to promote active learning, and collaboration, and the objectives of OBE stimulated by the principles of the National Education Policy of India. This paper shows how the assessment strategies bolster an agile, learner- centered education process, leading to a deeper understanding of programming concepts.
Long-term Persistent Hypertension after Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Resection: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Jiang Xingzuo , Guo Nan , Wang Chengyuan , Zhang Hao , Bai Song , Liu Tao
Published: April 2024

Background: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are considered a curable cause of secondary hypertension. However, some studies identified a considerable ratio of patients still experience persistent hypertension even after successful resection of PPGL. No study further discussed the incidence and risk factors of long-term persistent hypertension.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 472 PPGL patients who underwent surgical resection at three centers from January 1, 2012, to October 31, 2022. Comprehensive clinical data were recorded. Binary unconditional logistic analysis was conducted to identify the independent variables associated with long-term persistent hypertension.
Results: A total of 26.3% of PPGL patients experienced long-term persistent hypertension. After multivariate analysis, we identified older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.021, P= 0.008), higher body mass index (BMI, OR: 1.088, P=0.004), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, OR: 3.506, P= 0.006), and experienced intraoperative hemodynamic instability (HDI, OR: 2.053, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for long-term persistent hypertension in PPGL patients.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that nearly a quarter of PPGL patients still suffer from persistent hypertension after successful resection and identified several risk factors, such as older age, higher BMI, lower LVEF, and experienced HDI. These results might contribute to improving long-term follow-up strategies.
A first comprehensive analysis of Transcribed Ultra Conserved Regions uncovers important regulatory functions of novel non-coding transcripts in gliomas.
Authors: Abounader Roger , Gibert Myron , Zhang Ying , Saha Shekhar , Marcinkiewicz Pawel , Dube Collin , Hudson Kadie , Sun Yunan , Bednarek Sylwia , Chagari Bilhan , Sarkar Aditya , Roig-Laboy Christian , Neace Natalie , Saoud Karim , Setiady Initha , Hanif Farina , Schiff David , Kumar Pankaj , KEFAS BENJAMIN , Hafner Markus
Published: April 2024

Transcribed Ultra-Conserved Regions (TUCRs) represent a severely understudied class of putative non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are 100% conserved across multiple species. We performed the first-ever analysis of TUCRs in glioblastoma (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGG). We leveraged large human datasets to identify the genomic locations, chromatin accessibility, transcription, differential expression, correlation with survival, and predicted functions of all 481 TUCRs, and identified TUCRs that are relevant to glioma biology. Of these, we investigated the expression, function, and mechanism of action of the most highly upregulated intergenic TUCR, uc.110, identifying it as a new oncogene. Uc.110 was highly overexpressed in GBM and LGG, where it promoted malignancy and tumor growth. Uc.110 activated the WNT pathway by upregulating the expression of membrane frizzled-related protein (MFRP), by sponging the tumor suppressor microRNA miR-544. This pioneering study shows important roles for TUCRs in gliomas and provides an extensive database and novel methods for future TUCR research.
Gender Differences in Ethmoid Sinus Morphology
Authors: Hsu Chi-Pin , Lin Chih-Feng , Yang Chih-Chi , Jeng Jeng-Ywan , Huang Chang-Hung
Published: April 2024

Background The ethmoid sinus (ES) is a three-dimensional (3D) complex structure, a clear understanding of the ES anatomy is helpful to plan intranasal surgery. However, most prior studies use 2D measurements, which may not accurately depict the 3D structure. The current study measured the gender differences in ES morphology based on 3D reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images.
Methods The 3D models were reconstructed using CT images. Twenty-one males and 15 females were enrolled in the study. The ES dimensions, including width, height and aspect ratio (AR) of each cutting-plane section, were measured at 10% increments along with the anteroposterior axis of the ES. The gender differences in the above parameters were further evaluated by an independent t-test.
Results The width of the ES for males is 12.0±2.1mm, which was significantly greater than that in females (10.0±2.1 mm). The average height for males is 18.4±3.5mm, and 18.2±3.4mm for females. The AR of female (male) is around 0.56 (0.63) for the anterior ES and 0.66 (0.75) for the posterior. There are significant differences between genders in the parameters of width and AR (p<0.05)
Conclusion This study found that the AR greatly varies along the length of ES, indicating that the cross-section of the ES in the anterior is closer to an elliptical shape and turns closer to a circular shape near its posterior. There is a significant difference between genders in width and AR. The results would be helpful to know the complex anatomic details of the ethmoid sinus.
Speciation across depth gradients in reef corals
Authors: Prada Carlos , Gómez-Corrales Matías , González Ana , Kamel Bishoy , Medina Mónica , Knowlton Nancy , Levitan Don
Published: April 2024

Ecological speciation through adaptation to different habitats has been proposed for a variety of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species. Such divergence of lineages in the absence of strong geographic isolation occurs most readily when the same traits are involved in both adaptation to different ecologies and reproductive isolation. In corals with photosynthetic symbionts and environment-mediated spawning events, adaptation to different light regimes associated with varying depths could provide opportunities for this kind of speciation. Here we show that differences in depth distribution are common in sister lineages of corals from a variety of taxonomic groups and locations. We then explore in detail the molecular drivers behind depth-associated adaptive divergence by documenting patterns of sequence divergence for proteins related to environmental sensing in depth-segregated and light-dependent lineages in the Orbicella species complex. Specifically, we analyzed 1) two ecotypes of Orbicella faveolata that exhibit genetic divergence across a depth gradient that may reflect an incipient recent (~200 Kyr; < 6K generations) speciation event, and 2) two depth-segregated sister species (~500 Kyr), O. annularis and O. franksi, that have been monitored for over two decades and spawn at different times following sunset. Genome-wide variation suggests divergence across depth occurred by adaptation via positive selection on rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These molecules are known to serve as chemo/photo/thermo-receptors mediating environmental transduction signals to enhance physiological adaptation across different environments, while also involved in reproductive isolation via differences in time of spawning in corals. Our study posits a molecular mechanism for the origin of depth-segregated coral species, common across the anthozoan tree of life, in systems in which ecological divergence operates at spatial scales smaller (< 1 km) than their larval dispersal potential, and highlights avenues contributing to generating biodiversity in the sea.
Conditional disruption of Nr5a1 directed by Sox9-Cre impairs adrenal development
Authors: Tagami Ayako , Ikeda Yayoi , Ishizuka Kyoko , Maekawa Mamiko
Published: April 2024

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Sox9-Cre-directed Nr5a1-conditional knockout (Sox9-Cre;Nr5a1flox/flox) on adrenal development. We showed that SOX9 is expressed by adrenocortical cells at E10.5–E11.5, but is extinguished no later than E12.5. The number of adrenocortical cells significantly reduced in Sox9-Cre;Nr5a1flox/flox mice while the number of cleaved caspase 3-positive cells increased compared to that in the controls at E11.5–E12.5, when the adrenal primordium (AP) is about to expand. This indicated that fetal adrenocortical cells are lost via apoptosis due to Nr5a1 ablation by E12.5. Both medulla formation and encapsulation were perturbed, accompanied by a smaller AP size, in Sox9-Cre;Nr5a1flox/flox mice during embryonic development. Adult Sox9-Cre;Nr5a1flox/flox adrenals were hypoplastic and exhibited irregular organization of the medulla with aberrant sex differentiation in the X zone. Additionally, there were histologically eosin-negative vacuolated cells, which were negative for both the X-zone marker 20aHSD and the steroidogenesis marker 3βHSD at the innermost cortex of Sox9-Cre;Nr5a1flox/flox adrenals. Although Nr5a1+/− adrenals were hypoplastic, a small number of chromaffin cells were properly located in the center, having normal sex differences in the X-zone. The results collectively provided in-vivo evidence that Nr5a1 plays a critical role in AP expansion and subsequent adrenal development.
Upper Airway Changes After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Skeletal Class Ⅲ High-angle Malocclusion and Mandibular Deviation
Authors: Mei Donglan , Liu Linan , Han Lichi
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study analyzed the differences in the upper airway of patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion with and without mandibular deviation, and further investigated the effects of orthognathic surgery on the upper airway in these two groups.
Material and Methods 15 patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion and mandibular deviation, and 15 patients without mandibular deviation were selected to explore the impact of mandibular deviation on the upper airway. Additionally, 16 patients with mandibular deviation undergoing orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment, and 13 patients without mandibular deviation, were selected to investigate the effects of orthognathic surgery on the upper airway in these two groups.
ResultsIn patients with skeletal Class III high-anglemalocclusion, the mandibular deviation group showed significantly smaller sagittal diameter/maximum transverse diameter, cross-sectional area, volumes of oropharynx and hypopharynx, and total volume compared to the non-deviation group, with all differences being statistically significant. After orthognathic surgery, the postoperative sagittal diameter/maximum transverse diameter of the oropharyngeal airway increased in the mandibular deviation group, while it decreased in the non-deviation group. The postoperative reductions in cross-sectional area, volumes, and total volume of the oropharynx and hypopharynx were more pronounced in the non-deviation group.
ConclusionIn patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion, mandibular deviation results in narrowing of the lower portion of the upper airway. The orthognathic surgical correction of mandibular deviation compensates to some extent for the reduction in the cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway caused by the surgery itself.
Clinical relevance For patients with skeletal Class III high-angle malocclusion with mandibular deviation, the upper airway space should be assessed before orthognathic surgery, and appropriate treatment plans should be developed based on the assessment results to achieve a balance between aesthetics and function.
Metasurface-Based Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna for X-band Applications
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Zhang Jinling , Khan Hamza Asif
Published: April 2024

Circularly polarized slot antennas are now widely used in wireless systems due to their low profile, ease of integration, low cost, and high impedance bandwidth. A low-profile circularly polarized slot antenna with high impedance, wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW), and high gain in the X-band is proposed in this work. The antenna structure consists of 11 rectangular patch elements, a microstrip-fed line, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with vias, and a rectangular etched slot on the ground plane. The fed line is coupled with the metasurface (MTS) to generate CP radiations. The proposed antenna array was designed and measured with an overall size of 0.4λ 0 × 0.4λ 0 × 0.12λ 0 at 10 GHz. The measured reflection coefficient (|S 11 | ≤ −10dB) yielded an ARBW of 10.62-11.87 GHz (11.12%) and an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 8.92-10.52 GHz (16.01%). Moreover, the proposed MTS-based antenna array also realizes a broadside maximum gain of 5.85 dBic. The proposed antenna is designed to be high-performing, simple, low-profile, and easy to design.
Concave surface-enriched reactant and enhanced mass transfer for electrocatalytic ethylene production from low-concentrated acetylene
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Li , Chen Fanpeng , Cheng Chuanqi , Yu Yifu , Zhao Bo-Hang
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalytic semihydrogenation of acetylene (C2H2) provides a facile and petroleum-independent strategy for ethylene (C2H4) production. However, the reliance on the preseparation and concentration of raw coal-derived C2H2 hinders its economic potential. Here, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that a concave surface is beneficial for enriching C2H2 and optimizing its mass transfer kinetics, thus leading to a high partial pressure of C2H2 around active sites, which is suitable for the direct conversion of raw coal-derived C2H2. Then, a porous concave carbon-supported Cu nanoparticle (Cu-PCC) electrode was designed to enrich the C2H2 gas around the Cu sites. As a result, the as-prepared electrode enables a 91.7% C2H4 Faradaic efficiency and a 56.31% C2H2 single-pass conversion under a simulated raw coal-derived C2H2 atmosphere (~ 15%) at a partial current density of 0.42 A cm− 2, greatly outperforming its counterpart without concave surface supports. The strengthened intermolecular π conjugation caused by the increased C2H2 coverage is revealed to result in the delocalization of π electrons in C2H2, consequently promoting C2H2 activation, suppressing HER competition, and enhancing C2H4 selectivity.
Drug Classification and Identification Method Based on X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning
Authors: FANG Zheng , LIU Peiyuan , CHEN Yinbin , CAI Yuheng , QIU Haoran , WANG Yihui
Published: April 2024

With the emergence of new drugs, it is imperative to study new detection methods with higher detection speed and accuracy. Traditional detection methods require high requirements for detection instruments and environments, and are complex to operate. x-ray absorption spectroscopy NDT technology has the advantages of low operational difficulty, penetrating observation, and strong ability to differentiate substances, and is well suited for drug detection and identification. A combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM) and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) is used to achieve the classification and identification of drugs. Firstly, 14 chemical reagents with chemical formula similar to that of drugs are selected as experimental samples, and the X-ray absorption spectra of these 14 samples are obtained using X-ray detectors. Then, the features of the spectral data are extracted using CNN, and the SVM model is trained with the extracted features and the two important initial parameters of the SVM are optimized using IPSO with the introduction of weight decay. Finally, the trained model is applied to the test set and the performance is evaluated by several metrics. The experimental results show that the model not only makes the parameter-optimized traditional machine learning model SVM very effective and improves the prediction accuracy to 99.14%, but also avoids the disadvantages of high complexity, dramatically long running time and reduced efficiency due to the direct fusion of IPSO and SVM, and can be well applied to drug classification, which can substantially improve the recognition accuracy with almost constant The algorithm running efficiency can be improved substantially with almost the same recognition accuracy. Therefore, the combination of X-ray absorption spectrometry with CNN, IPSO and SVM can provide a fast, highly accurate and reliable classification and recognition method with broad application prospects in the field of drug detection and identification.
CCTS: O611.5 Literature Identification Code: A
Microenvironmental Regulation of Macropinocytosis Facilitates Extracellular Fluid Sampling
Authors: Renkawitz Jörg , Braun Malte , Reza Rifat , Kameritsch Petra , Ruiz-Fernandez Mauricio , Schmitt Madeleine , Shnipova Margarita , Krug Anne , Merrin Jack , Polleux Julien
Published: April 2024

Cells sense chemical and mechanical signals within their local microenvironment. To sample for chemical signals, cells employ bulk extracellular fluid uptake through macropinocytosis in a receptor-independent manner. Although macropinocytosis occurs in microenvironments of multicellular organisms, it remains largely unknown whether and how the microenvironment itself regulates fluid sampling. Here, we reveal that the microenvironmental properties regulate fluid sampling by macropinocytosis. Using macrophages as constitutively sampling immune cells, we discover that macropinocytosis in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments is more efficient than on flat 2D surfaces. Enhanced macropinocytosis in 3D is driven by low adhesiveness to the cellular substrate, releasing the mechanical linkage between the cell and its surroundings, thereby facilitating the formation of actin-based membrane protrusions that sample the local substrate-free space. Mechanistically, we identify that the microenvironment regulates the utilization of macropinocytosis-competent actin networks, as the actin nucleating Arp2/3 complex and its regulator Hem1 particularly drive macropinocytosis in 3D. Our results establish microenvironmental properties as stimulators and regulators of macropinocytosis, providing important implications for fluid sampling during physiology, immunity, and diseases. Additionally, our findings identify a reciprocal relationship between the microenvironment and fluid sampling, wherein cells acquire information from the microenvironment by macropinocytosis, while this process, in turn, is regulated by the microenvironment.
Differences in Self-reported Signs Related to Central Sensitization and Pressure Pain Threshold Related to Knee Osteoarthritis and Sarcopenia
Authors: imai ryota , Tanaka So , Kubo Takanari , Hida mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Imaoka Masakazu , Nishigami Tomohiko
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Neuroinflammation, which occurs in knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, has attracted attention as a mechanism of central sensitization, but the relationship between central sensitization and these conditions has not been widely studied. This study investigates differences in self-reported signs of central sensitization and pressure pain threshold in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.
Methods
We examined 340 patients with knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty. For comparison, 129 community-dwelling elderly individuals without a history of knee osteoarthritis or any other diagnosed illnesses were matched for age and sex. The stages of sarcopenia were classified according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Pain-related factors were assessed by measurements including pain intensity, pain catastrophizing scale, central sensitization inventory-9, and pressure pain threshold. A two-way analysis of covariance was performed to assess outcome measurements.
Results
The prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with knee osteoarthritis was 56.7%. Patients with knee osteoarthritis had significantly increased central sensitization inventory-9 compared with sarcopenia, and there was no significant pressure pain threshold between patients with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. In addition, patients with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia had significantly higher levels of pain-related factors compared to those with robust.
Conclusions
When contemplated as an evaluative tool in clinical settings, the central sensitization inventory − 9 may offer greater ease of use and interpretability compared to pressure pain threshold assessments for appraising symptoms of central sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Efficient Hybrid Encryption Algorithm for Securing Data in Cloud Environment
Authors: Bhat Aaqib Nisar , Kumar Rajiv
Published: April 2024

Protecting sensitive data is crucial in the age of widespread data digitalization and cloud-based services. This paper proposes a unique hybrid encryption algorithm deployed and tested over the cloud platform. The algorithm is reinforced with the robust cryptographic combination of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest-Shamir–Adleman (RSA). By utilizing the inherent benefits of symmetric and asymmetric encryption, the algorithm aims to improve the efficiency and security of data at rest and data being transmitted in a cloud-based environment. When tested on varied-length files and large data, the proposed algorithm encrypts the data securely and quickly. Various attacks including brute force, cryptanalysis were performed in the deployed environment to test the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm. It is observed that the algorithm outperformed Diffie-Hellman algorithm in terms of speed of encryption and data security with a factor of 6%. The algorithm's robustness against different security risks and its flexibility in changing cloud situations through an extensive examination is proven. The results not only highlight the hybrid approach's efficacy but also support its possible use in practical applications, therefore launching a new wave of robust cloud-based data management systems.
Clinical characteristic, management, and outcomes of cervical spinal brucellosis: a retrospective cohort study over 1-year postoperative follow-up
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Lihua , Liu Hua , Zhang Lian , Yang Chengwei , Li Songkai
Published: April 2024

Background The incidence of cervical spinal brucellosis is low, only a few case reports have been published, and case series are not widely reported in the medical literature. Therefore, clinical features, management, and outcomes of cervical spinal brucellosis are relatively unknown. In this series, the authors report 15 cases of patients with cervical spinal brucellosis, including clinical characteristic, imaging findings, management plans, the institution’s experience, and outcomes at 1 year postoperatively.
Methods The study reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of 15 patients who received antimicrobial pharmacotherapy, and anterior cervical debridement and fusion for cervical spinal brucellosis. The data collected included patient demographic characteristics, spinal level affected, abscess, neurology, pathological reports, duration and type of antimicrobial regimens, details of orthopedic management, and complications incurred during the procedure.
Results Neck pain (100%) and limb paralysis (86.7%) were the most common clinical presentations, and the disease had a rapid progression. The C6-7 segment was the most commonly affected segment, followed by C4-5 and C5-6.Imaging commonly revealed epidural or paravertebral abscesses (80%). There was a significant improvement in the VAS, JOA, and NDI scores three months after surgery, and the scores continued to improve until the final follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and postoperative scores (P < 0.05). The ESR and CRP levels returned to normal within three months postoperatively, being 7.7±4.5 mm/h and 7.55±3.48 mg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- and postoperative levels (P < 0.05). The positive rate of bacterial culture testing of pus or lesion tissues was only 40%, but blood cultures revealed an even lower positivity rate (33.3%). The average antimicrobial pharmacotherapy regimen duration was 6.1±1.9 months. All patients achieved intervertebral bone fusion within 8 months (4.8±1.4 months) after surgery and were cured with non-recurrence.
Conclusions Spinal brucellosis rarely affects the cervical region, but its impact is more dangerous due to potential complications such as paraplegia or tetraplegia arising from epidural abscesses that compress the spinal cord. Surgical debridement, along with essential antimicrobial therapy, is an effective strategy and can lead to satisfactory prognosis in managing cervical spinal brucellosis.