bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy for Bipolar Disorder with Comorbid Substance Use
Authors: Jones Steven H. , Barrowclough Christine , Allott Rory , Day Christine , Earnshaw Paul , Wilson Ian
Published: September 2011

Although comorbid substance use is a common problem in bipolar disorder, there has been little research into options for psychological therapy. Studies to date have concentrated on purely cognitive–behavioural approaches, which are not equipped to deal with the ambivalence to change exhibited by many towards therapy designed to change substance use. This paper provides the first report of an integrated psychological treatment approach for bipolar disorder with comorbid substance use. The intervention reported combines motivational interviewing and cognitive–behavioural therapy to address ambivalence and equips individuals with strategies to address substance use. Across five individual case studies, preliminary evidence is reported to support the acceptability and the feasibility of this approach. Despite most participants not highlighting their substance use as a primary therapy target, all but one exhibited reduced use of drugs or alcohol at the end of therapy, sustained at 6 months' follow‐up. There was some evidence for improvements in mood symptoms and impulsiveness, but this was less clear‐cut. The impact of social and relationship issues on therapy process and outcome is discussed. The implications of the current findings for future intervention research in this area are considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive‐behavioural therapy for comorbid substance use in bipolar disorder is feasible and acceptable.

Change in substance use occurred often inspite of participants not highlighting this initially as a primary therapy target.

Reduced substance use was typically still present at six month follow‐up.
The Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands: Implementation, results, and international comparison
Authors: Brunt Tibor M. , Niesink Raymond J.M.
Published: September 2011

The Ministry of Health in the Netherlands has made illicit drug testing for drug users possible since the 1990s, in order to prevent serious health hazards associated with unexpected dangerous substances. This system of illicit drug testing is called the Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS). In nearly two decades, more than 100 000 drug samples have been handed in at DIMS testing facilities. This review describes the DIMS methodology and overviews results of the three main psychostimulant drug markets that have been monitored, i.e. ecstasy, amphetamine (speed), and cocaine. Additionally, monitoring results of hallucinogens are also described for the first time. For comparison, alternative international monitoring systems are described briefly alongside some of their results. Finally, drug monitoring is discussed from the perspectives of policy, prevention, and the drug users themselves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing the dynamic of adoptively transferred T cells during the rejection of large established tumors
Authors: Charo Jehad , Perez Cynthia , Buschow Christian , Jukica Ana , Czeh Melinda , Blankenstein Thomas
Published: September 2011

Adoptive T‐cell therapy (ATCT) can result in tumor rejection, yet the behavior and fate of the introduced T cells remain unclear. We developed a novel bioluminescence mouse model, which enabled highly sensitive detection of T‐cell signals at the single‐cell level. Transferred T cells preferentially accumulated within antigen‐positive tumors, relative to the unaffected areas in each mouse, and remarkably, expanded within both lymphopenic and P14 mice. This expansion was controlled and efficient, as evaluated by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of the T‐cell signals and by tumor rejection respectively. Analysis of the population dynamics of transferred T cells in ATCT of large tumors revealed that proliferation did not always follow a simple linear pattern of expansion, but showed an oscillating pattern of expansion and contraction that was often followed by a rebound, until full tumor rejection was achieved. Furthermore, visualizing the recall response showed that the transferred T cells responded expeditiously, indicating the ability of these cells to survive, establish memory and compete with endogenous T cells for as long as 1 year after rejecting the tumor.
Peptide transporter TAP mediates between competing antigen sources generating distinct surface MHC class I peptide repertoires
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia C. , Querido Bianca , Sluijter Marjolein , Derbinski Jens , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , van Hall Thorbald
Published: September 2011

We recently described a category of TAP‐independent peptide‐epitopes that are selectively presented by cells with processing defects in the classical MHC class I (MHC‐I) pathway. Here, we studied the ER‐resident ceramide synthase Trh4 as a prototypic example of these neo‐antigens and found that moderate inhibition of TAP permits cell surface presentation of the Trh4 peptide. The absence of this peptide from WT cells was not related to the binding or stability of the Trh4/Db complexes, or to the availability of MHC‐I heavy chains, but rather to the limited expression of the antigen. Strongly elevated antigen levels were needed to reach comparable peptide display on WT as on TAP‐deficient cells. Our data suggest that the normal influx of TAP‐transported peptides in the ER during routine processing creates an efficient barrier for peptides from alternative processing routes. Impairment of TAP function, as commonly found in cancers and virus‐infected cells, lowers this resistance allowing for MHC‐I presentation of other peptide sources.
Rapeseed breeding for oil content, quality, and sustainability
Authors: Abbadi Amine , Leckband Gunhild
Published: September 2011

The successful development of 00‐oilseed rape—also named canola (erucic acid free in seed oil and low glucosinolate content in the residual seed)—has opened almost unlimited avenues into the food and feed markets. Oilseed rape is today the world's third leading oil crop and contributes both to the economies and health of people around the world. During the last decades, the demand for vegetable oils as food, non‐food, and biofuel has grown significantly. This demand could be satisfied due to improved agronomic developments, better processing methods, and improvements in the varieties available. The yield however varies in different countries, reflecting different input levels and production efficiency. This highlights the room for crop improvement, and the yield will continue to be the primary focus of many rapeseed improvement programs. Besides yield and yield stability increasing seed oil content and further improvement of oil and meal qualities have become one of the most important breeding criteria. Modern varieties are based on a relatively small subset of the available genetic diversities. Rapeseed is thus likely to respond strongly to programs aimed at selectively enhancing genetic variation for key economic input and output traits. This review outlines the progress and future challenges for rapeseed breeding.
Synthesis of 5‐Alkynyl Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides
Authors: Romeo Roberto , Giofrè Salvatore Vincenzo , Iaria Daniela , Sciortino Maria Teresa , Ronsisvalle Simone , Chiacchio Maria Assunta , Scala Angela
Published: September 2011

Starting with 5‐iodo N,O‐nucleosides, prepared by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones with vinyliodouracil, or vinyl acetate followed by coupling with silylated iodouracil, a series of 5‐alkynyl N,O‐nucleosides were synthesized via a palladium‐catalyzed (Sonogashira) coupling reaction. The cytotoxic activity of modified nucleosides against HEp‐2 cell lines was determined in vitro. The 5‐ethynyl N,O‐nucleoside, the only compound in the series containing a terminal acetylene unit, was found to be the most active compound.
Carbon‐to‐Carbon Anion Relay Chemistry: Facile Generation of Substituted Allyllithium Species (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 27/2011)
Authors: Zheng Pinguan , Cai Zhengxin , Garimallaprabhakaran Aswinkumar , Rooshenas Parham , Schreiner Peter R. , Harmata Michael
Published: September 2011

The cover picture shows Columbia, Missouri's Activity & Recreation Center, whose acronym, ARC, fits perfectly with Anion Relay Chemistry, details of which are discussed in the article by P. R. Schreiner, M. Harmata et al. on p. 5255 ff. The cover was designed and assembled by Professor Harmata, and certain graphics were improved by Ms. Tammy McNiel.
Dopamine Sensor Based on a Composite of Silver Nanoparticles Implemented in the Electroactive Matrix of Calixarenes
Authors: Evtugyn Gennady A. , Shamagsumova Rezeda V. , Sitdikov Ruzal R. , Stoikov Ivan I. , Antipin Igor S. , Ageeva Marina V. , Hianik Tibor
Published: September 2011

A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a composite containing silver nanoparticles and a redox active thiacalixarene with catechol fragments in the substituents at the lower rim has been developed and used for dopamine detection. The electrochemical investigation of thiacalixarene in homogeneous solution and on the electrode interface showed the reversible character of the redox conversion of catechol fragments and its involvement in the chemical reduction of silver which resulted in formation of uniform nanoparticles of 4–6 nm in diameter. The use of such a material for electrode modification made it possible to record a high amplitude cathodic signal at −700 mV that was proportional to the dopamine concentration within 1 nM–1 µM. (limit of detection 0.5 nM).
Metal Enhanced Electrochemical Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Sensor for Biological Applications
Authors: Noah Naumih M. , Marcells Omole , Almalleti Anas , Lim Jae , Sadik Omowunmi A.
Published: September 2011

Pain measurement is commonly required in biomedical and other emergency situations, yet there has been no pain biosensor reported in literature. Conventional approaches for pain measurement relies on Wong‐Baker face diagrams, which are grossly inadequate for situations involving children or unconscious people. We report a label‐free immunosensor for monitoring the pain biomarker cylooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in blood. The sensor is based on the concept of metal‐enhanced detection (MED). MED relies on the idea that the immobilization of underpotential deposition (upd) metallic films deposited either as a monolayer or electrostatically held onto a solid gold substrate could significantly amplify bimolecular recognition such as involving antigen‐antibody (Ab‐Ag) interactions. The surface bound Ab‐Ag complex insulates the electrode; causing a decrease in concentration‐dependent redox signals. A linear detection range of (3.64–3640.00)×10−4 ng/mL was recorded with a detection limit of 0.25×10−4 ng/mL, which was 4 orders of magnitude lower than that reported for ELISA for the same biomarker. The immunosensor exhibited selectivity of less than 6 % for potential interferents.
Flexibility evaluation and flexible comprehensive optimization in power systems
Authors: Wei‐qing Sun , Cheng‐min Wang , Yan Zhang
Published: September 2011

Smart grid puts forward new requirements in the planning, operation and management of power systems. Flexibility is one of the most important characters among the requirements. Traditional optimization analysis methods with single objective function and rigid constraints can hardly meet such requirements. This paper introduces the original concept of flexibility in industry process system analysis into power system analysis, analyzes their main differences and makes subdivision of power system flexibility into four kinds, namely property, constraint, load and structure flexibility. Rigid constraints in traditional analysis methods are transformed into flexible forms, and a power system flexibility evaluation method is proposed. Flexibility indices are defined and calculated to give intuitive measure of power system flexibility to grid dispatchers. Then, a flexible comprehensive optimization model in power system analysis is established. The result obtained is not an optimization for a single objective, but a comprehensive optimization considering system economy, safety and other objectives. Case study on IEEE 30‐bus test system shows the validity of the methodology proposed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overvoltages and insulation coordination of 1000‐kV AC transmission systems in China
Authors: Dingxie Gu , Peihong Zhou , Min Dai , Muhong Xiu , Huiwen He
Published: September 2011

Overvoltages and insulation coordination requirements of 1000‐kV AC transmission systems in China are introduced. On the basis of the single‐circuit transmission project, which has been put into operation since 2009, and the planned double‐circuit transmission projects, the control of temporary overvoltage and switching overvoltages and the determination of the rated voltage of metal oxide arrester are presented. The lightning protection measures for transmission lines and substations are given. Determination of insulation level of substation apparatus and clearance of external insulation for transmission lines and substations are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A massively parallel GPU‐accelerated model for analysis of fully nonlinear free surface waves
Authors: Engsig‐Karup A. P. , Madsen Morten G. , Glimberg Stefan L.
Published: September 2011

We implement and evaluate a massively parallel and scalable algorithm based on a multigrid preconditioned Defect Correction method for the simulation of fully nonlinear free surface flows. The simulations are based on a potential model that describes wave propagation over uneven bottoms in three space dimensions and is useful for fast analysis and prediction purposes in coastal and offshore engineering. A dedicated numerical model based on the proposed algorithm is executed in parallel by utilizing affordable modern special purpose graphics processing unit (GPU). The model is based on a low‐storage flexible‐order accurate finite difference method that is known to be efficient and scalable on a CPU core (single thread). To achieve parallel performance of the relatively complex numerical model, we investigate a new trend in high‐performance computing where many‐core GPUs are utilized as high‐throughput co‐processors to the CPU. We describe and demonstrate how this approach makes it possible to do fast desktop computations for large nonlinear wave problems in numerical wave tanks (NWTs) with close to 50/100 million total grid points in double/single precision with 4 GB global device memory available. A new code base has been developed in C++ and compute unified device architecture C and is found to improve the runtime more than an order in magnitude in double precision arithmetic for the same accuracy over an existing CPU (single thread) Fortran 90 code when executed on a single modern GPU. These significant improvements are achieved by carefully implementing the algorithm to minimize data‐transfer and take advantage of the massive multi‐threading capability of the GPU device. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Quanto Adjustment and the Smile
Authors: Marabel Romo Jacinto
Published: September 2011

European quanto derivatives are usually priced using the well‐known quanto adjustment corresponding to the forward of the quantoed asset under the assumptions of the Black–Scholes model. In this article, I present the quanto adjustment corresponding to the local volatility model that allows pricing quanto derivatives consistently with the observed market equity skew and exchange rate smile. I then examine the model risk arising in the standard quanto adjustment by fitting the local volatility model to market data and then comparing the prices of European quanto euro derivatives on the Nikkei 225 index with those generated by the standard quanto adjustment. The results show that the standard quanto adjustment can be subject to significant pricing errors when compared with the local volatility model.

I also compare the pricing performance of the local volatility model with a multivariate stochastic volatility model. The results show that when the correlation between the instantaneous variances associated with the underlying asset and the exchange rate is close to one, as it is the case when we consider historical data, there is little evidence of model risk for the local volatility model in the pricing of European quanto euro derivatives on the Nikkei 225 index. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:877–908, 2012
What risks do corporate bond put features insure against?
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Ericsson Jan , Wang Hao
Published: September 2011

Corporate bond prices are known to be influenced by default and term structure risk in addition to non‐default risks such as illiquidity. Putable corporate bonds allow investors to sell their holdings back to the issuer and may thus provide insurance against all of these risks. We first document empirically that embedded put option values are related to proxies for all three. In a second step, we develop a valuation model that simultaneously captures default and interest rate risk. We use this model to disentangle the reduction in yield spread enjoyed by putable bonds that can be attributed to each risk. Perhaps surprisingly, the most important reduction is due to mitigated default or spread risk, followed by term structure risk. The reduction in the non‐default component is present but rather small.
Early Ordovician (Floian) ostracods from the Cordillera Oriental, Northwest Argentina
Authors: Salas María José
Published: September 2011

The ostracod fauna from the Floian (Lower Ordovician) strata of the Cordillera Oriental, Argentina (Acoite Formation) are documented. One new genus Acoitella and four species are recognized, two of which are new (Nanopsis victoria sp. nov. and Conchoprimitia frequens sp. nov.). The diversity of the Early Ordovician ostracod faunas of the Central Andean Basin is evaluated. Compared with other regions, the ostracod diversity, at generic and specific level, of the Cordillera Oriental was comparatively high during the Tremadocian (nine species recorded) and comparatively low during the Floian (four species recorded). The taxonomic composition of the fauna is similar during the entire Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, where it displays a high percentage of soanellids. The Floian assemblages are characterized by the dominance of the eridostracan C. frequens sp. nov. with a high percentage of nondimorphic palaeocopids: Nanopsis and two genera of the Soanellidae family (Saltite and Acoitella gen nov.). An ostracod shell bed is described and interpreted to be a parautochthonous assemblage, as a result of transport within the same habitat. The composition of the fauna, with the presence of Saltite and Nanopsis, shows significant affinities with East Gondwana. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional adaptive changes within the hippocampal memory system of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hulst Hanneke E. , Schoonheim Menno M. , Roosendaal Stefan D. , Popescu Veronica , Schweren Lizanne J.S. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Visser Leo H. , Polman Chris H. , Barkhof Frederik , Geurts Jeroen J.G.
Published: September 2011

Memory deficits are highly prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). As the hippocampus is crucial to memory processing, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task was used to investigate changes in hippocampal function in MS patients with and without cognitive decline. Fifty patients with MS, (34 cognitively preserved (CP) and 16 cognitively impaired (CI)) and 30 healthy controls completed an episodic memory fMRI task (encoding and retrieval) that was used to specifically activate the hippocampus. During encoding of correctly remembered items, increased brain activation was seen in the parahippocampal areas bilaterally and in the left anterior cingulate gyrus in the CP patients compared to the controls (unclustered, Z ≥ 3.1, P ≤ 0.001). No brain areas showed less activation. In CI patients the right (para)hippocampal areas and the prefrontal cortex showed less brain activation compared to controls (cluster‐corrected, P < 0.05). The posterior cingulate gyrus and the left precuneus showed increased activation in CI patients when compared to controls (unclustered Z ≥ 3.1, P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found on structural MRI measures between the CP and CI patients. These results suggest the presence of functional adaptation in the memory network before cognitive decline becomes evident in MS, as displayed by the increased brain activation in the hippocampal‐cingulate memory system in CP patients. Interestingly, CI patients showed less activation in the hippocampal network during correct encoding. These findings are important for future cognitive therapeutic studies, since cognitive intervention might be most effective before cognitive impairment is present and when adaptive changes of the brain are most prominent. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2268–2280, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robotic movement preferentially engages the action observation network
Authors: Cross Emily S. , Liepelt Roman , de C. Hamilton Antonia F. , Parkinson Jim , Ramsey Richard , Stadler Waltraud , Prinz Wolfgang
Published: September 2011

As humans, we gather a wide range of information about other people from watching them move. A network of parietal, premotor, and occipitotemporal regions within the human brain, termed the action observation network (AON), has been implicated in understanding others' actions by means of an automatic matching process that links observed and performed actions. Current views of the AON assume a matching process biased towards familiar actions; specifically, those performed by conspecifics and present in the observer's motor repertoire. In this study, we test how this network responds to form and motion cues when observing natural human motion compared to rigid robotic‐like motion across two independent functional neuroimaging experiments. In Experiment 1, we report the surprising finding that premotor, parietal, occipitotemporal regions respond more robustly to rigid, robot‐like motion than natural human motion. In Experiment 2, we replicate and extend this finding by demonstrating that the same pattern of results emerges whether the agent is a human or a robot, which suggests the preferential response to robot‐like motion is independent of the agent's form. These data challenge previous ideas about AON function by demonstrating that the core nodes of this network can be flexibly engaged by novel, unfamiliar actions performed by both human and non‐human agents. As such, these findings suggest that the AON is sensitive to a broader range of action features beyond those that are simply familiar. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2238–2254, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Various approaches to a human preference analysis in a digital signage display design
Authors: Grobelny Jerzy , Michalski Rafał
Published: September 2011

This article is concerned with various ways of analyzing the subjective assessment of displaying digital signage content. In the beginning, the brief description of the signage system evolution is described; next, the carried out experiment is depicted. The preferences of the 32 subjects were obtained using pairwise comparisons of the designed screen formats. Then the priorities were derived by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process framework. The gathered data were modeled and analyzed by means of the analysis of variance, multiple regression, and conjoint and factor analyses. The results suggest that the application of different methods of preference analysis may provide additional information that could facilitate more in‐depth understanding of the given preference structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD109‐mediated degradation of TGF‐β receptors and inhibition of TGF‐β responses involve regulation of SMAD7 and Smurf2 localization and function
Authors: Bizet Albane A. , Tran‐Khanh Nicolas , Saksena Anshuman , Liu Kai , Buschmann Michael D. , Philip Anie
Published: September 2011

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Dysregulation of TGF‐β signaling is associated with several diseases such as cancer and tissue fibrosis. TGF‐β signals through two transmembrane proteins known as the type I (TGFBR1) and type II (TGFBR2) receptors. The levels of these receptors at the cell surface are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including degradation following recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf) 2 by SMAD7. In addition, TGF‐β co‐receptors can modulate TGF‐β signaling receptor activity in a cell‐specific manner. We have previously identified a novel TGF‐β co‐receptor, CD109, a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored protein that negatively regulates TGF‐β signaling. Despite CD109's potential relevance as a regulator of TGF‐β action in vivo, the mechanisms by which CD109 regulates TGF‐β signaling are still incompletely understood. Previously, we have shown that CD109 downregulates TGF‐β signaling by promoting TGF‐β receptor localization into the lipid raft/caveolae compartment and by enhancing TGF‐β receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that CD109 enhances SMAD7/Smurf2‐mediated degradation of TGFBR1 in a ligand‐dependent manner. Moreover, we show that CD109 regulates the localization and the association of SMAD7/Smurf2 with TGFBR1. Finally, we demonstrate that CD109's inhibitory effect on TGF‐β signaling and responses require SMAD7 expression and Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that CD109 is an important regulator of SMAD7/Smurf2‐mediated degradation of TGFBR1. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 238–246, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteoblastogenesis and osteoprotection enhanced by flavonolignan silibinin in osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Kim Jung‐Lye , Kang Sang‐Wook , Kang Min‐Kyung , Gong Ju‐Hyun , Lee Eun‐Sook , Han Seoung Jun , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: September 2011

Bone‐remodeling imbalance induced by decreased osteoblastogenesis and increased bone resorption is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Silibinin is the major active constituent of silymarin, the mixture of flavonolignans extracted from blessed milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Numerous studies suggest that silibinin is a powerful antioxidant and has anti‐hepatotoxic properties and anti‐cancer effects against carcinoma cells. This study investigated that silibinin had bone‐forming and osteoprotective effects in in vitro cell systems of murine osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated in osteogenic media in the presence of 1–20 µM silibinin up to 15 days. Silibinin accelerated cell proliferation and promoted matrix mineralization by enhancing bone nodule formation by calcium deposits. In addition, silibinin furthered the induction of osteoblastogenic biomarkers of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1, connective tissue growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2. Differentiated MC3T3‐E1 cells enhanced secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) essential for osteoclastogenesis, which was reversed by silibinin. On the other hand, RAW 264.7 cells were pre‐incubated with 1–20 µM silibinin for 5 days in the presence of RANKL. Non‐toxic silibinin markedly attenuated RANK transcription and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression elevated by RANKL, thereby suppressing the differentiation of macrophages to multi‐nucleated osteoclasts. It was also found that silibinin retarded tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K induction and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity elevated by RANKL through disturbing TRAF6‐c‐Src signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that silibinin was a potential therapeutic agent promoting bone‐forming osteoblastogenesis and encumbering osteoclastic bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 247–259, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T cell‐mediated increased osteoclast formation from peripheral blood as a mechanism for crohn's disease‐associated bone loss
Authors: Oostlander Angela E. , Everts Vincent , Schoenmaker Ton , Bravenboer Nathalie , van Vliet Sandra J. , van Bodegraven Ad A. , Lips Paul , de Vries Teun J.
Published: September 2011

The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is still not completely elucidated. In this study, we evaluated osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood cells of CD patients and studied the role of lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in this process. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven patients with quiescent CD and matched healthy controls were isolated, and separated into T cells, B cells, and a T‐ and B‐cell depleted fraction. In various culture combinations, osteoclast formation in the absence of the osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and M‐CSF was assessed by scoring the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) positive multinucleated cells (MNCs). Cytokine levels in culture supernatants were measured. Formation of heterogeneous cell clusters in culture was noticed; a process that was inhibited by anti‐LFA‐1. In CD cultures, mean cluster area was up to threefold higher than in control cultures, and shown to be induced by T cells. Over tenfold higher numbers of TRACP+ MNCs were found in CD cultures, but exclusively in cultures containing T cells. Formation of cell clusters correlated strongly with formation of TRACP+ MNCs. Both cell cluster formation and osteoclast formation were related to IL‐17 levels in vitro. In conclusion, osteoclastogenesis, preceded by cell cluster formation, is T cell‐mediated and increased in patients with quiescent CD. Our findings suggest heterotypic interactions between osteoclast precursors and T cells to be a triggering step in osteoclast formation in CD. Furthermore, our results propose a possible role for IL‐17 in osteoclastogenesis in CD patients, and as such in CD‐associated bone loss. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 260–268, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IFNβ impairs extracellular matrix formation leading to inhibition of mineralization by effects in the early stage of human osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Woeckel V.J. , Eijken M. , van de Peppel J. , Chiba H. , van der Eerden B.C.J. , van Leeuwen J.P.T.M.
Published: September 2011

Osteoimmunology is an emerging field of research focused on the interaction of the immune system and bone. In this study we demonstrate that human osteoblasts are sensitive to the immune cytokine interferon (IFN)β. Osteoblasts respond to IFNβ as shown by the induction of several known IFN target genes such as interferon‐induced (IFI) proteins (IFIT1, IFI44L), interferon‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex and the induction of IFNβ itself. We demonstrated that IFNβ has severe inhibitory effects on mineralization of osteoblast‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of the timing of the IFNβ effects revealed that committed osteoblasts in early stage of differentiation are most sensitive to IFNβ inhibition of mineralization. A single IFNβ treatment was as effective as multiple treatments. During the progress of differentiation osteoblasts become desensitized for IFNβ. This pinpoints to a complex pattern of IFNβ sensitivity in osteoblasts. Focusing on early osteoblasts, we showed that IFNβ decreased gene expression of ECM‐related genes, such as type I Collagen (COL1A1), fibronectin (FN1), fibullin (FBLN1), fibrillin (FBN2), and laminin (LAMA1). Additionally, ECM produced by IFNβ‐treated osteoblasts contained less collagen protein. IFNβ stimulated gene expression of osteopontin (OPN), annexin2 (ANXA2), and hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1), which are important factors in the adhesion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the HSC niche. In conclusion, IFNβ directly modifies human osteoblast function by inhibiting ECM synthesis eventually resulting in delayed bone formation and mineralization and induces a HSC niche supporting phenotype. These effects are highly dependent on timing of treatment in the early phase of osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2668–2676, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal dynamics, and focal adhesion kinase are required for mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xu Baiyao , Song Guanbin , Ju Yang , Li Xian , Song Yuanhui , Watanabe Sachi
Published: September 2011

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into tendon/ligament‐like lineages when they are subjected to mechanical stretching. However, the means through which mechanical stretch regulates the tenogenic differentiation of hMSCs remains unclear. This study examined the role of RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal organization, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation characterized by the up‐regulation of tendon‐related marker gene expression. Our findings showed that RhoA/ROCK and FAK regulated mechanical stretch‐induced realignment of hMSCs by regulating cytoskeletal organization and that RhoA/ROCK and cytoskeletal organization were essential to mechanical stretch‐activated FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397. We also demonstrated that this process can be blocked by Y‐27632 (a specific inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK), cytochalasin D (an inhibitor of cytoskeletal organization) or PF 573228 (a specific inhibitor of FAK). The results of this study suggest that RhoA/ROCK, cytoskeletal organization, and FAK compose a “signaling network” that senses mechanical stretching and drives mechanical stretch‐induced tenogenic differentiation of hMSCs. This work provides novel insights regarding the mechanisms of tenogenesis in a stretch‐induced environment and supports the therapeutic potential of hMSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2722–2729, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of pre‐treatments on the biosorption of Chromium (VI) ions by the dead biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus
Authors: Shroff Kshama A. , Vaidya Varsha K.
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND: This work fulfils the need to develop an eco‐friendly biosorbent, elucidating the mechanism of biosorption. Removal of Cr(VI) by Rhizopus arrhizus was investigated in batch mode. Enhancement in the performance of the biosorbent was attempted by pre‐treating the biomass with inorganic and organic acids, chelating agent, cross‐linker and an organic solvent followed by autoclaving. The surface characterization of the biomass was carried out by potentiometric titration, surface area analysis, infrared spectroscopy, chemical modification of the biomass and scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS: All the physico‐chemical treatments of the biosorbent improved Cr(VI) uptake compared with the native biomass (21.72 mg g−1). The highest biosorption capacity (31.52 mg g−1) was achieved after pre‐treating the biomass with 0.5 mol L−1 HNO3 followed by autoclaving. Surface characterization of the biomass using pHzpc, potentiometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the role of amino and carboxyl groups in Cr(VI) removal by electrostatic attraction. Chemical modification of amino and carboxyl groups significantly decreased Cr(VI) uptake capacity confirming their role in biosorption. SEM analysis showed adsorption of Cr(VI) on the biosorbent surface.

CONCLUSION: Rhizopus arrhizus biomass proved to be an effective and low cost alternative biosorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Aerobic dive limit does not decline in an aging pinniped
Authors: Hindle Allyson G. , Mellish Jo‐Ann E. , Horning Markus
Published: September 2011

Apneustic hunters such as diving mammals exploit body oxygen stores while submerged; therefore, any decline in oxygen handling at advanced life stages could critically impair foraging ability. We calculated the aerobic dive limit (cADL = 17.9 ± 4.4 min SD) from blood and muscle oxygen stores and published metabolic rates of Weddell seals within (9–16 years, n = 24) and beyond peak‐reproductive age (17–27 years, n = 26), to investigate (1) senescent constraints in apneustic hunting, and (2) whether mass or age primarily determines oxygen stores and ADL in older seals. We compared cADL with behavioral ADL from 5,275 free‐ranging dives (bADL = 24.0 ± 5.3 min, n = 18 females). We observed no changes in Weddell seal oxygen stores, its determinants, or in ADLs late in life. Oxygen stores were better predicted by mass than age, consistent with published findings for young adults. Hematological panels (n = 6) were consistent across mass and age, though hematocrit (females>males, 6% elevation) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (females<males, 8% reduction) varied by sex. Whole blood viscosity was decreased with increasing mass in females and was higher than in males overall (+18%). This was largely due to elevated hematocrit in females, although plasma viscosity also varied under some conditions. Females had higher blood volume and elevated blood oxygen stores (vol% body mass), which did not translate into significantly higher cADL (18.1 vs. 17.1 min for males). Neither cADL nor bADL were mass‐ or age‐dependent. J. Exp. Zool. 315:544–552, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
B lymphocytes as effector cells in the immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Namm Jukes P. , Li Qiao , Lao Xiangming , Lubman David M. , He Jintang , Liu Yashu , Zhu Jianhui , Wei Shuang , Chang Alfred E.
Published: September 2011

Over the years, the role of B cells in the host immune response to malignancy has been overshadowed by our focus on T cells. Nevertheless, B cells play important roles as antigen‐presenting cells and in the production of antibodies. Furthermore, B cells can function as effector cells that mediate tumor destruction on their own. This review will highlight the various functions of B cells that are involved in the host response to tumor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:431–435. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peritraumatic and trait dissociation differentiate police officers with resilient versus symptomatic trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. , Madan Anita , Neylan Thomas C. , Henn‐Haase Clare , Marmar Charles R.
Published: September 2011

Research has consistently demonstrated that stress reactions to potentially traumatic events do not represent a unified phenomenon. Instead, individuals tend to cluster into prototypical response patterns over time including chronic symptoms, recovery, and resilience. We examined heterogeneity in a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom course in a sample of 178 active‐duty police officers following exposure to a life‐threatening event using latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM). This analysis revealed 3 discrete PTSD symptom trajectories: resilient (88%), distressed–improving (10%), and distressed–worsening (2%). We further examined whether trait and peritraumatic dissociation distinguished these symptom trajectories. Findings indicate that trait and peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed–improving trajectory (trait, p < .05; peritraumatic, p < .001), but only peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed–worsening trajectory (p < .001). It is essential to explore heterogeneity in symptom course and its predictors among active‐duty police officers, a repeatedly exposed group. These findings suggest that police officers may be a highly resilient group overall. Furthermore, though there is abundant evidence that dissociation has a positive linear relationship with PTSD symptoms, this study demonstrates that degree of dissociation can distinguish between resilient and symptomatic groups of individuals.
Medialization versus reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paniello Randal C. , Edgar Julia D. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F.
Published: September 2011

Purpose:

Vocal fold medialization laryngoplasty (ML) and laryngeal reinnervation (LR) as treatments for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) were compared in a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Methods:

Previously untreated patients with UVFP were randomized to undergo either ML or LR. Voice results were compared pretreatment and at 6 and 12 months posttreatment using perceptual ratings by untrained listeners (RUL), blinded speech pathologist GRBAS scores, and voice‐related quality of life (VRQOL) scores. Other secondary data included maximum phonation time (MPT), cepstral analysis, and electromyography (EMG) findings.

Results:

Twenty‐four patients from nine sites completed the study, 12 in each group. There were no significant intergroup differences in pretreatment variables. At 12 months, both study groups showed significant improvement in RUL, total GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scores, and VRQOL scores, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, patient age significantly affected the LR, but not the ML, group results. The age less than 52 LR subgroup had significantly (P < .05) better scores than the age more than 52 LR subgroup, and had better RUL and GRBAS scores than the age less than 52 ML subgroup. The age more than 52 ML subgroup results were significantly better than the age more than 52 LR subgroup. The secondary data generally followed the primary data, except that the MPTs for the ML patients were significantly longer than for the LR patients.

Conclusions:

ML and LR are both effective surgical options for patients with UVFP. Laryngeal reinnervation should be considered in younger patients, whereas medialization laryngoplasty should be favored in older patients.
Cochlear implantation has a positive influence on quality of life, tinnitus, and psychological comorbidity
Authors: Olze Heidi , Szczepek Agnieszka J. , Haupt Heidemarie , Förster Ulrike , Zirke Nina , Gräbel Stefan , Mazurek Birgit
Published: September 2011

Objectives:

To determine the effect of cochlear implantation (CI) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), tinnitus, and psychological comorbidity in patients with severe to profound postlingual hearing loss and to analyze the relationship between these parameters.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Using six validated questionnaires, we evaluated the pre‐CI and post‐CI scores of HRQoL, tinnitus, perceived stress, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and coping strategies in 43 patients implanted unilaterally with a multichannel implant for at least 6 months.

Results:

In addition to improvements in hearing, speech understanding, and disease‐specific HRQoL, psychological comorbidity was reduced and coping strategies were improved following CI. In the 39 tinnitus patients, their tinnitus was reduced. We found negative correlations between HRQoL and stress, depression, and anxiety. Pre‐CI, tinnitus severity did not correlate with HRQoL and psychological comorbidity. However, patients with a high‐level tinnitus had lower HRQoL as well as a higher level of perceived stress and anxiety symptoms than patients with a low‐level tinnitus and no/incidental tinnitus before CI. Moreover, patients with severe hearing loss had a higher level of perceived symptoms of stress and depression than patients with profound hearing loss before CI.

Conclusions:

The present study provides evidence that tinnitus and psychological comorbidity may play an important role in the rehabilitation of CI patients, and that there is a correlation between HRQoL and these parameters. In addition to hearing tests, tinnitus, stress, and psychological comorbidity should be assessed using validated questionnaires before and after CI. This will help to improve the rehabilitation process.
Acute supraglottitis in adults in Finland: Review and analysis of 308 cases
Authors: Bizaki Argyro J. , Numminen Jura , Vasama Jussi‐Pekka , Laranne Jussi , Rautiainen Markus
Published: September 2011

Objective:

The aim of this article is to study the clinical features, management, and outcome in adult patients with acute supraglottitis.

Study Design:

Retrospective review.

Methods:

We searched the medical records from our database from the years 1989 to 2009 using codes of international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems for acute epiglottitis or supraglottitis. In total, 308 patients were identified.

Results:

Incidence of acute supraglottitis increased from 1.88 (first decade) to 4.73 per 100,000 cases (second decade) (P = .05). The mean age of the patients was 49 years old with a slightly male predominance. Sore throat and odynophagia were the most common symptoms. Concomitant disease were common among the patients. Isolated inflammation of epiglottis without involvement of other supraglottic tissue was detected only in 51 patients. Intravenous cephalosporins were the most common empiric antibiotic treatment regimen. Intravenous corticosteroids were administered to half of the cases. Streptococcus was the most common organism in throat cultures. In total, 45 patients needed airway intervention. Complications were rare and mortality was 0.6% in our series.

Conclusions:

Acute supraglottitis in adults seems to be a different entity than epiglottitis in children, and inflammation does not usually exclusively involve the epiglottis. Early diagnosis seems to decrease the need for airway intervention and to permit the successful treatment of the patient with intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids. Streptococcus appears as the dominant causative microorganism. However systemic diseases and other local infections that compromise the regional supraglottic immunity may increase the risk for acute supraglottitis.
Endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy versus open surgical approach in the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum
Authors: Koch Michael , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Velegrakis Stylianos , Iro Heinrich , Zenk Johannes
Published: September 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

This study aimed to evaluate the results of endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy and the transcervical approach in treating Zenker's diverticulum.

Study Design:

Retrospective clinical study.

Methods:

Results of 155 cases after endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy and the transcervical approach were retrospectively compared.

Results:

Primary treatment consisted of endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy in 65.2%, and 34.8% were treated by a transcervical approach. Average follow‐up time was 61.8 months. Surgical time, duration of hospitalization, and occurrence of minor complications were significantly lower after endoscopic approach. Recurrence rate showed a statistically significant difference in favor of open approach. Including the recurrences, 38.7% could be cured only by transcervical techniques. Patient perception of success was found to be similar for the compared treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

Endoscopic approach proved to be the treatment of first choice. However, the fact that open techniques were necessary in nearly 40% of our cases suggests that this operative technique retains a substantial role in treatment of this disease.