bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Spectrum and Antibiotic Sensitivity in open Fractures of the Extremities
Authors: Zeb Ahmad , Ullah Zulfiqar , Ullah Fahad , Safder Arfa , Khan Yahya , , Naseem Uroosa
Published: July 2022

Background: Open fractures account for around 3 - 4% of all fractures, and infection caused by deprivation of bone and soft tissue, as well as loss of skeletal stabilization, is a serious consequence, particularly in grade III open fractures. Objective: To determine bacterial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity in open fractures of the extremities Methodology: The current study was descriptive cross sectional study carried out at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar for duration of six months from July 2021 to January 2022. All the samples were sent to the hospital diagnostic lab for bacterial identification and antibiogram assay. Kirby- Bauer method was used for antibiogram assay. The data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 19.0. Results: A total of 210 patients were included in our study. Male patients were 168(80%) and female were 42(20%). The major cause of fracture was traffic accident observed in 168 (80%) patients. Positive culture report was observed in 196 (93.33%) patients. Staphylococcus Aureus was most frequently observed in 115(54.76%) patients. High resistance against commonly used antibiotics was observed in our study. All the isolates were completely (100%) resistant to ampicillin. All the isolates were 100% sensitive to Amikacin except MRSA. Conclusion: Our study observed positive culture of bacteria in most of the open fractures of the extremities. Gram positive bacteria were most common than gram negative. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in majority of the bacterial isolates against commonly used antibiotics. Key words: Open fractures, Antibiotic sensitivity, Bacterial Culture, Extremities
Third Molar Development Reliability for Radiographic Age Estimation (Demirjian's Method)
Authors: Shaikh Marvi , Hassan Syeda Sadia , Shah Sana , Memon Neelam , Shaikh Alvina Ali , Shahid Hassan
Published: July 2022

Background: The determination of age after a person has died is a potential stage in the postmortem profiling process that leads to definitive identification. Demirjian's method, designed for use with children, establishes maturity scores as a function of age using eight developmental stages and polynomial functions to estimate age as a function of the score. Aim: This study's purpose was to examine the accuracy of age estimate by employing Demirjian's eight teeth approach following French maturity scores & an Indian-specific formula generated from third molar growth phases by use of orthopantomograms. Materials and Methods: 30 participants, each with a known chronological age and gender, had dental panoramic tomograms taken, which were then assessed using Demirjian's standards. The Indian method and the Demirjian formula were used to calculate ages. The P values obtained from the statistical analysis, which included the Chi-square test and the ANOVA test, were statistically significant. Results: Both Indian and Demirjian's formulations had an average underestimate of age. Since the Indian method had a reduced mean absolute error, it may be used to estimate ages Additionally, females complete dental development sooner than boys do since they were faster to reach dental maturity. Conclusion: If population-specific formulae are developed using regression analysis and ethnic and environmental variance is taken into account, more accuracy may be attained. Keywords: chronological age, dental maturity, panoramic, radiographs, third molar,
Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Pallor to Detect Anemia among Pregnant Females Seeking Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bashir Hira , Afreen Hira , Fahim Tanzila , Shams Shazia , Butta Shireen , Yasmin Haleema
Published: July 2022

Background: One-third of the world's population is affected by anemia, and the vast majority of those who suffer from it live in developing countries. Eye, nail bed, facial, and palmer wrinkle coloration are some of the most classic indicators used to diagnose anemia in patients. This study is design to determine diagnostic accuracy of clinical pallor to detect anemia among female. If results of this study show high accuracy for clinical pallor to detect anemia, with different ethnic background and color complexion, testing for pallor can be used as an effective alternative method. Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate the usefulness of clinical pallor in identifying anemia in pregnant women who attend the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, with the level of blood hemoglobin serving as the gold standard. Methodology: Settings: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward 8, Jinnah Postgraduate and Medical Centre, Karachi. Duration: 06 Months from 29-03-2017 to 29-09-2017 Design: Cross sectional Validation Study Subject and Methods: There were 393 pregnant women that participated in this study. They all sought prenatal care at the Emergency Clinic or the Outpatient Department. Hemoglobin concentrations in the patient's blood were recorded in the investigation's chart as the reference variable. On the same day five milliliters of blood was drawn for assessment of iron deficiency anemia. Tubes were transported to the laboratory of the hospital. Results of the laboratory tests were evaluated when available. Results: The average age of the patients was 28.17±5.07 years. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of clinical pallor was 94.1%, 51.9%, 40.7%, 96.2% and 62.8% respectively. Conclusion: Finally, even if hemoglobin or hematocrit levels cannot be measured directly, clinical pallor examination can still be performed. This is a good way to tell if a person is suffering from severe anemia. Clinical pallor of the palms is superior than clinical pallor of the buccal mucosa, nail bed, or conjunctiva in the diagnosis of mild and severe anemia in children. Nail bed and conjunctival clinical pallor is less common. Medical professionals who are new to clinical pallor might learn about its diagnosis and management by observing it from multiple angles.
The Assessment of Forensic Disguising Markers for Food Poisoning and their Control Measures. A Health Awareness Study
Authors: Khokhar Javed Iqbal , Ali Muhammad Ikram , Hussain Rizwana , Nadir Sadaf , , Soomro Tufail Ahmed , Shuja Arslan
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives: To uncover the disguising markers of food poising and their Control Measures to spread public awareness for betterment of human health through forensic applications. Materials and Methods: Study design: Present study was conducted from December 2021to June 2022 in Lahore. Sample size and collections: Various food samples were collected from 10 different restaurants. 5 different food products were collected from each restaurant for analysis of biological markers while non-biological markers were observed on the location at a data collection Performa. Chemical analysis: In case of food poising the forensic chemical analysis are based on biochemical and physiological tests such as bacterial Count in collected food samples through plate count method and spectrophotometric (turbid metric) analysis. Determined Parameters: In this study both biological parameters, such as bacterial Count and non-biological parameters like, hygiene, quality of water, utensils quality, cooking style and cooking environment were considered. Results presentations: Raw data of each parameter was represented bio-statistically with the applications of SPSS in which regressions of standard mean deviation and significant (P<0.05) were considered comparatively. Results: It has seen that mostly all food samples taken from different restaurants have bacterial flora. These bacterial count may be so harmful for human life. It was concluded by considering non-biological parameters that the hygienic conditions, cooking place and way of cooking were not according to the standard health levels recommended by food authority. Especially quality of raw material and utensils were not standardized. All the results were significant as compared with the given standard levels of each parameter. A remarkable changes were noted in different parameters regarding food quality for further elaboration results are represented graphically in fig-1. Conclusion: Infectious organisms including bacteria, viruses and parasites or their toxins are the most common causes of food poisoning. Infectious organisms or their toxins can contaminate food at any point of processing or production. Contamination can also occur at home if food is incorrectly handled or cooked. Keywords: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Contamination, Food Poisoning.
Human Monkeypox Outbreaks from 2001 to 2021 – A Systematic Review
Authors: Jamali Yasir Akbar , Khan Jawad Ahmad , Mangrio Wali Muhammad , Majid Abdul , Shaikh Shakil Ahmed , Farrukh Memon Salma , Shaikh Nadia , , Maitlo Majid Ali , Ghumro Rabail , Shaikh Sadam Hussain
Published: July 2022

Background:- An infectious disease induced by orthopoxviruses is known as monkeypox. In 1958, a viral outbreak in caged monkeys was first identified as monkeypox. The Democratic Republic of Congo was the first country to record human cases in 1970. Methods:- We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of science, African Journals Online, Embase, and public health and infectious diseases medical journals with phrases in the topic headings “human monkeypox”, “monkeypox”, and “human monkeypox outbreaks in Congo” for article published. Results:- A total number of 17 outbreaks from January 2001 to December 2021 were included in the review. Total suspected cases of human monkeypox were 2527 while 241 cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. 29 deaths out of 2527 were reported in 17 outbreaks. Conclusion:- The Democratic Republic of the Congo was the site of the majority of outbreaks. Although the immunization vaccine can protect humans against monkeypox virus infection. Keywords:- Human monkeypox, monkeypox, monkeypox outbreak
Evaluate the Difference in three areas of Hypertension: Diagnostic Threshold, Staging, Therapy, and Goal of Blood Pressure Guidelines
Authors: Kausar Syeda Tasneem , Jabeen Rubina
Published: July 2022

Background: Hypertension is main highest source of global illness proportion, impacting approximately 2.38 billion individuals worldwide. Although treatment guidelines can help with the appropriate care of this frequent illness, there are differences amongst clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), the amount of which is uncertain. Assessing the discrepancies in CPG recommendations across socioeconomic levels should help explain several of the worldwide variances in patient outcomes associated with hypertension. Objective: The objective of study is to examine the worldwide variance in hypertension CPGs. It intends to evaluate variance in 3 areas: diagnosis criterion, staging, therapy and targeted BP guidelines in hypertension. Methods: From July 2020 to June 2021, the MEDLINE database has been searched for national and international hypertension CPGs. An extra country-precise grey-literature search remained performed for altogether World Bank-identified nations and territories. Information from CPGs have been retrieved to describe the assessment, staging, therapy, and goal blood pressure, and changes across CPGs for all these areas have been examined. Results: For the assessment, 48 CPGs from all World Bank-given situations and the implications were chosen. Ninety-six percent of recommendations classified hypertension as the hospital-based BP of 145/95 mmHg, and 89 percent suggested a goal blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. Nine dissimilar first-step, 18 dissimilar second-step, also seven distinct third-step medication suggestions have been found in pharmacological therapy of hypertension. In the first-step therapy, low-income nations preferred diuretics (65%), whereas high-income countries provided greater options among antihypertensive categories. At BP 166/110 mmHg or higher, 44% of recommendations, including 72% from higher-income environments, suggested starting therapy with double treatment. Conclusion: According to the result of this research, CPGs were substantially similar in diagnosis, staging, in addition target BP guidelines for hypertension. Clinical guidelines differed greatly, especially for second-line treatment. There was heterogeneity across economic levels; low-income nations administered cheaper pharmaceuticals, provided fewer prescription options to clinicians, and launched dual treatment later than higher-income ones. Future studies into the true reasons for this heterogeneity may enhance results for hypertension customers in a variety of therapeutic settings. Keywords: Hypertension, Threshold, Staging, Blood pressure and Guidelines.
Parent Concern and Awareness of Corticosteroid use in Pediatric Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrohaimi Yousef , Alturki Raghad A. , Aljithalin Atheer A , Alanazi Renad B , Almimony Ohood L
Published: July 2022

Background: Atopic dermatitis has been considered a multifactorial disease and is a chronic, relapsing, and highly pruritic skin disease; usually presents with skin itchiness which is considered the most burdensome symptom, followed by skin redness and dryness, chronic pruritus, and sleep disturbance, as well as the time and expense associated with treatment, are often most distressing for patients and families. Atopic skincare and treatment include skin hydration, pharmacologic therapy, and avoidance of relevant triggers. Corticosteroids (TCS) of appropriate strength are considered the first-line therapeutic agent. Objective: To study the parents’ concern and awareness of corticosteroid use in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Al-Majmaah governorate, Saudi Arabia in 2021. Methodology: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The data was collected using an electronic questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS v.23. Results: 403 respondents were enrolled in the study where most of the fathers (46.2%) were within the age group of 30-45 years, and a half (50.6%) of mothers were between 30-45 years. Most children (30%) have itchy skin for 2-3 days per week due to eczema, and 174 (43.2%) have dry, rough skin every day. The mean score for the knowledge and beliefs was 49.8±19.9, 76.6±20.9 for fears, and 72.4±21.8 for behavior. More than one-third of respondents (46.2%) almost agreed that TCS could pass into a child’s bloodstream, and 157 (45.1%) of those who used steroids before almost agreed that it’s beneficial. More than one-third of our respondents (36.2%) always get their information regarding TCS from dermatologists. Marital status significantly affects Topical Corticosteroid Phobia (TOPICOP) score (P-value = 0.003), where divorced have the highest mean score compared to married or widows. Conclusion: The TOPICOP score for mean knowledge and beliefs was slightly lower than the global TOPICOP score. TCS can cause skin damage, as reported by nearly half participants. Slightly less than half of them are afraid of putting cream (TCS) on a child’s skin in certain zones like the chin and the eyelids where the skin is thinner. The most reported information source about TCS for nearly half of the participants was doctors. No statistically significant association was found between participants' age groups, occupation, and educational level and global TOPICOP score. However, a significant association was found between marital status and TOPICOP score. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Corticosteroids, Saudi Arabia, Pediatrics, TOPICOP score, Al-Majmaah
Formulation and Evaluation of Atenolol Microspheres
Authors: ISWARIYA V. T. , Sahithi T.V.V.S , Maheswari A. , Madhu K. , Maryswarnalatha K.
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate atenolol microspheres using excipients like sodium alginate, calcium chloride and starch soluble. Method: The encapsulation efficiency was higher in formulations with higher polymer concentrations than in the other nine. In order to make microspheres, the ionotropic gelation method was used. High yielding and easy to produce, this technology represents a significant improvement over current procedures. Conclusion: A granulometric research, bulk and tapped density, mean particle size and angle of repose, drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro dissolution study were all found to be within acceptable limits in terms of their results Keywords: Microspheres, Ionotropic gelation technique,sustained release.
Frequency of Occupational Health Problems among Farmers of Swat, Peshawar and Kohat Districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: . Naeemullah , Khan Muhammad Jibran , Khan Nadia , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Darwesh Nizam Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations, with high incidence and prevalence of occupational health problems; and farmers are exposed to a too many occupational hazards. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of occupational health problems among the local farmers of Swat, Peshawar and Kohat Districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Methodology: After ethical approval; a cross sectional study was conducted among the selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Pakistan. Total of n=325 farmers were assessed regarding the occupational health problems. The famers were selected through convenience sampling technique, based on 95% confidence interval, with 5% precision. A structured open ended questionnaire was used in which farmers were asked regarding the occupational health problems. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Finally the result was presented in form of tables. Results: Results showed that 32% were literate; 51.38% had monthly income less than 30000/ PKR; 39.08% had farming for more than 10 years; and 68% were not following personnel protective equipments. Moreover, 38.77% had asthma/COPD; 44.62% had disturbed sleep; 26.77% had hearing loss; 42.15% had eye redness and discharge problems; 64.92% had body ache/ and backache; and 26.77% had history of injuries and falls. Conclusions: It was concluded that farmers revealed a huge list of medical health problems. Moreover, health problems showed relationship with age, educational level, working experience, and compliance of personnel protective equipments and thus occupational education and occupational training strategies were needed to reduce health impacts among farmers. Keywords: Food Contamination, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Food Handlers, Kohat
Evaluation of Srivastava index to distinguishing Beta-Thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency
Authors: Shahid Hassnain , Saleem Maryam , Naseer Nauman , Tabussam Samina , Aziz Atif , Ullah Saeed
Published: July 2022

Objective: To assist in the differential diagnosis of beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia, many alternative red blood cell index-based formulae were examined. Methods: The Rawalpindi PEMH performed this study from June 2021 to March 2022. For individuals with beta- thalassemia trait and iron deficient anaemia, age and gender were not considered. More than five millilitres of blood were drawn from each patient in order to determine the haemoglobin content, the number of red blood cells, how they were distributed, and the average cell volume. Five alternative formulas may be used to differentiate these two circumstances. Shine and Lal index, Mentzer index, Srivastava index and Green & King index are among the most well- known ones. Youden's index was included in the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs). Results: The iron deficiency anaemia rate was 70%, and the beta thalassemia phenotype was 30% among the 1500 participants. This indicator has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93.3% when it comes to discriminating between beta-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusion: The red cell distribution width index may be used to differentiate between beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia. If a haemoglobin electrophoresis is not available, a diagnosis of beta thalassemia may still be made. Keywords: Srivastava index, beta-thalassemia, Anemia, Cell redness, Hb electrophoresis
Association between Vitamin D and serum ferritin levels in anemic women of child bearing age in Malakand KPK
Authors: Saadat Fatima , Sabir Umar , Waseem Shahid , Hakim Hina , Ahmad Naveed , Arifeen Zia Ul , . Nowsherwan
Published: July 2022

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread issue around the world. Ferritin is a massive protein with 24 subunits and light and heavy chains. The body's intracellular iron storage is represented by ferritin. Vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency are frequently found together. Mechanistic interactions between iron and vitamin D metabolism are now thought to be at the root of these correlations. Objective: 1. To determine mean vitamin D and serum Ferritin in anaemic women of child bearing aged between 15-49 years. 2. Correlation between vitamin D level and serum Ferritin in anemic women of child bearing age. Methodology: A Cross sectional survey was conducted from October 2020 to April 2020 at Malakand. A total of 196 females of child bearing age 15-49 years who were not currently taking any vitamin D supplementation were selected through consecutive sampling. The study participants were interviewed by using a preformed questionnaire. For determining haemoglobin, Ferritin and vitamin D levels, blood samples were taken from all participants in aseptic environment. The data were analyzed by statistical method generated on the computer software SPSS 23. Result: Study results revealed that there is no significant association between anaemia and vitamin D level but there is a significant association between anaemia and serum ferritin showing p value p<0.05. Furthermore Mean age of the study participants was 30.2806±9.176, mean weight, Height, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D and serum Ferritin was 62.1684±10.16062, 159.7398±32.84960, 9.5592±1.12275, 25.701±13.8711 and 12.1738±12.32928 respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is not a significant association between anaemia and vitamin D level but there is a significant association between anaemia and serum ferritin showing p value p=0.017 Moreover no association between vitamin D and serum ferritin level among anaemic females of child bearing age were seen . Key Words: Anemia, Vitamin D, Serum Ferritin, Correlation
Retrospective Comparison of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Diagnostic Tools in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Placentation
Authors: Mousa Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, and Placenta Accreta (PA) is a major contributor. Although advancements in obstetric practices have led to a decline in maternal mortality, PA remains challenging to diagnose and manage. Current diagnostic tools include ultrasound (U/S) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); however, the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques in diagnosing Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) are widely debated. Objective: To compare the accuracy of U/S and MRI in the diagnosis of PAS. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pregnant women in their second and third trimesters suspected to have PAS was conducted. Women with both antenatal U/S and MRI who delivered in Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital between 1st October 2014 and 2nd February 2019 were included. Results: Of the 46 women included in the study, MRI corrected the diagnosis of 13 patients (28%) and confirmed the U/S diagnosis of 19 patients (41%). However, MRI also resulted in an incorrect change in diagnosis of eight patients (17%), and an incorrect confirmation of U/S diagnosis of six patients (13%). Statistical analyses of both U/S and MRI in the diagnosis of PAS showed that U/S sensitivity and specificity were 40% and 75%, respectively, whereas MRI sensitivity and specificity were 86% and 58%, respectively. Conclusion: MRI was more sensitive than U/S in identifying placental invasion into the uterine wall. Therefore, we recommend MRI examination for all patients suspected to have PAS. Keywords: Abnormal placentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), placenta accreta spectrum, ultrasound, prenatal diagnosis, surgical findings, histopathology.
Profound Anatomical and Physiological Changes During Trimesters of Pregnancy. A Clinical Study
Authors: Memon Arisha Sana , Baloch Abdul Hafeez , Mangi Muhammad Muqeem , Iqbal Sadia , Mawani Hina , . Fakharunissa
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives: Current study was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 in different Gynecological and medical institutes of Pakistan. The aims and objectives of study were to observe the anatomical and Physiological changes during Pregnancy in women. Materials and Methods: Sample size: 100 pregnant women were selected for this study and their age was in between 25-35 years. It was first pregnancy of all women how were considered in study. Parameters: Cardiac changes, renal vasculature, renal vasodilatation, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), respiratory changes, water metabolism, changes in alimentary tract, thyroid changes, blood glucose levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Bio-statistical presentation: Raw data were presented by bio-statistically with the application of SPSS regression model 2020 in which compression was operated through mean standard deviation and significant (P<0.05) variations. Results: It was seen that during pregnancy the demand of oxygen showed a significant (P<0.05) increase (95.0±0.01), this is brought by a 20% rise in oxygen intake and 15% increase in metabolic rate and similarly Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Random blood glucose levels, Intra-gastric pressure, Heart rate and BMI (152.0±0.03, 92.1±0.01, 156.0±0.01, 95.0±0.00, 9.0±0.02, 93.0±0.01, 35.01±0.01) in pregnant women also showed a significant (P<0.05) changes than the normal levels respectively. Conclusion: Pregnancy brings about physiological and anatomical changes that support the growing fetus and get the mother ready for labor and delivery. It's critical to distinguish between pathology associated with disease and typical physiological changes. Keywords: physiological, Anatomical, Trimester, vasodilatation, Intra-gastric pressure
Recent Approach of Endocrine Function of Thyroid Gland and its Impact on Pregnancy
Authors: Alanazi Faisal
Published: July 2022

Introductions: Pregnancy is a period in which there are physical and hormonal changes for the development of the fetus and essentials nutrients supply and the preparation of the maternal organism for birth and lactation. There is a paucity of data on the endocrine function of the thyroid gland in pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the endocrine function of thyroid gland in pregnancy and current techniques for its management. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) was used. Cochrane handbook guidelines were used for all aspects of this study. It includes published and unpublished studies with different study designs. Such studies were found from databases which include Google Scholar, Embase Medline, PsycINFO, Google, and Cochrane library up to the last week of January 2022 without any language restriction and identified all RCTs related to the endocrine function of the thyroid gland and its impact on pregnancy. Results: All RCTs connected to the endocrine function of the thyroid gland and its impact on pregnancy were found using a total of 304 articles from the electronic database Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library, which were searched without any language restrictions. ''Endocrine'', ''Endocrine function'', ''Thyroid'', ''TSH’’, ‘‘T3’’, ‘‘T4’’, ‘‘hormones’’ and ‘‘pregnancy’’ and ‘‘randomized controlled trial’’ were some of the search terms we utilized. In addition, we searched references in a few journals to find more potentially relevant studies. Due to redundancy, 92 articles were excluded from the total of 304. A total of 107 articles were reviewed, with 77 rejected following a preliminary review. There were 30 full-text papers reviewed for eligibility, and 10 of them met the inclusion requirements, with all of the selected articles being of high quality. The parameters of the trials differed greatly in terms of treatment length and population investigated. All of the studies were nonrandomized and compared groups based on retrospective chart reviews. Out of 10 studies, three were from Iran, two from Saudi Arabia, one from the United States, one from Denmark, one from Ireland, one from Netherland, and one from Australia.
The Efficiency of Internet Base Healthcare System in Gastroenterological diseases: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Elzaki Amin , Elnour Hanan , Elhaj Mona , Kajoak Samih , Alzain Amel F H
Published: July 2022

Digital health systems such as tablet devices, smartphones, and online websites, are swiftly transforming the practice of medical science and reshaping health care approaches. A PRISMA guidelines-based systematic review was conducted using research databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) to identify the applications and fill the literature gap in Gastroenterological disorders. A total of 212 articles were searched, excluding duplicate records, sixty nine articles were founded out of which only fifteen were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of a bias assessment tool called ROBVIS 2 is used to examine the risk of predisposition and precision of all the fifteen studies included. Most of the patients in these trials were females, educated, and have inflammatory bowel diseases. These clinical studies concentrated on Ulcerative colitis (n=5), Crohn's disease (n=4), and inflammatory bowel disease (n=6) with feedback of mostly 3 months (n=5) and 6 months (n=5). The internet-based intervention varied from study to study but the outcomes in each study were clear that either this system was efficient or not. Based on the searched literature and selected studies it was concluded that online health technologies can effectively cope with Gastroenterological disorders and patients with digestive disorders have shown good acceptability and pleasure in all the selected studies. Keywords: eHealth technologies, Digestive disorders, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Review
Estimation of Urea Reduction Ratio in Dialysis Patients Per Session and Adequacy of Dialysis
Authors: Atta Aniqa , Khan Muhammad Nasir , Muhammad Pervez , Zubair Muhammad , Khan Ahmad Shamim , Khan Yousaf
Published: July 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition in which the kidney is no more able to remove waste from the body. Through hemodialysis, the excess water and waste from the blood are removed such as urea and creatinine. The urea reduction ratio is a measure of the proportionate reduction in urea blood nitrogen throughout dialysis. It is an acceptable, easy and simple method globally to find dialysis adequacy that how much urea is removed from the body. Our study was aimed at assessing the targets to achieve the urea reduction ratio (URR), in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hemodialysis. Methods: The pre-dialysis and post-dialysis blood samples were collected from 80 hemodialysis patients. A Performa was filled, blood pressure was monitored before mid and at the end of the session, weight was monitored and ultrafiltration for the adequacy of the dialysis. The urea reduction ratio (URR) was calculated by (pre dialysis urea – post-dialysis urea) divided by pre-dialysis urea and it is expressed in percentage. Results: The mean urea reduction rate (URR) was 74% (adequate URR is >65%). The results of the pre-dialysis and post-dialysis serum urea levels. There was a significant reduction in these parameters, thus suggesting the adequacy of the dialysis. There was the achievement of the target goal. But the inadequacy was also seen at 54.7%. Conclusion: The targeted urea reduction ratio was achieved in the setup of Khyber teaching hospital, but for inadequacy, they need a lot of follow-up and supervision. Keywords: Urea reduction ratio, dialysis, hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease
Frequency of Rifampicin Resistance in Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan
Authors: Salam Abdul , Kumar Jagdesh , Chachar Muhammad Hanif , Ali Akhtar , Solangi Faheem Ahmed , Muhammad Shafi , Waheed Abdul
Published: July 2022

Background: A World Health organization estimated show that almost 10 million people effect from TB and almost 1.5 million people died from this disease in 2018. Pakistan is ranked 5th in overall TB burden and ranked 4th in drug resistance development of developing countries. About 510,000 case of TB arise every year in Pakistan and 15000 patients develop drug resistance each year. Drug resistance cause huge mortality rate. It should confirm by using drug susceptibility test before treating the patient for drug resistance and for cure. Objective: To find out the frequency of rifampicin resistance in primary pulmonary tuberculosis patient by using drug susceptibility test.
Medical Aspects for Risk Factors of Acute Otitis Media in Early Age Kids of Play Group, A Clinical Study
Authors: Baloch Munir Ahmad , Amir Muhammad , Memon Zaheer Hussain , Shuja Naveed , Shuja Arslan , Mujahid Asfand Yar
Published: July 2022

Task: The diagnosis of acute otitis media is very common in young children. Its chronic condition may cause hearing impairment and delayed speech in young children. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of current study were to provide health awareness against risk factors of acute otitis media in our community.
Attitude and Behavior of Maternal Health Care Providers During Child Birth in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
Authors: Batool Zaira , Sohail Sumbul , Asim, Shabnum Shameem , Rashid Shaista , Masood Zubaida , Qadri Hadya
Published: July 2022

Background: Pakistan is among the most populous countries of South East Asia with very high maternal mortality rate. One of the reasons of this elevated maternal mortality is non-availability of skilled workers at the time of labour. Objective: The study was carried out to see the frequency of abuse and disrespect during childbirth at a public sector hospital of Karachi and whether it affects their choice regarding the place of delivery in future pregnancy or not? Methodology: A cross sectional study was done after ethical review board approval and consent. A prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect the data from 476 women after their delivery but before they get discharged from the heath facility. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Univariate and multivariate analysis was done using spss 25. Result: Out of 466 patients, 401 (86%) reported some kind of disrespect and abuse from health care providers. Around 60% responded that they were not introduced to the health provider while 30% complained regarding the lack of involvement during and before the procedure. Almost 25% participants complained that no barrier was used to cover them during the procedure. Conclusion: Given study revealed that the occurrence of non-dignified maternity care is frequent in the area studied. Hospital administration and health policy makers should make sure and reinforce the training of health personnel who exhibit non dignified behavior towards laboring woman. This will help in reducing the maternal humiliation and psychological trauma of vulnerable women in public sector hospitals. Moreover maternal health will also improve as more women will attend health care facility for labour and delivery. Keywords: Disrespect, Abuse, Respectful maternity care, Facility delivery, maternal health
Experience of Thyroid Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Faiz , Akhtar Zohaib , Nasir Arsalan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: A goitre is an enlargement of thyroid gland. It may be diffuse or nodular. It can be an isolated solitary nodule with a discrete swelling in one lobe with no palpable abnormality elsewhere or it can be a dominant nodule with discrete swellings and evidence of abnormality elsewhere in the gland. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the experience of thyroid surgery at Jinnah Hospital in Pakistan. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Jinnah Hospital Lahore during 2021 to 2022. The data was collected from 300 patients who were diagnosed with thyroid cancer and experienced the surgery in the hospital. Demographic information of patients, clinical features and tissue biopsy results were extracted. Results: The data were collected from 300 patients of both genders. The most common presenting symptom was swelling in front of neck, which moved with swallowing. In 85(85%) patients the swelling which was of thyroid origin was benign, while in 15 (15%) patient it was malignant. The type of malignancy on histopathology reports are shown in Table 2. Conclusion: It is concluded that the risk of malignancy in multinodular goitre is not as low as it was thought before and that it is quite significant and is mostly of the papillary type.
Outcome Comparison between Solumedrol and Dexamethasone in Moderate to Severe COVID Disease
Authors: Muzaffar Aleena , Aslam Saima , Khalil Sarmad
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Covid 19 is a disease caused by a virus belonging to SARS Co V2 family of viruses. It primarily effects the lungs resulting in inflammation and pneumonia. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to compare the outcomes and efficacy of solumedrol and dexamethasone in moderate to severe COVID disease. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in THQ Hospital Safdarabad during 2020 to 2021. The data was collected from 100 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe condition of the diseases. The data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients of moderate to severe COVID-19 condition. There were 35 patients in group I and 65 patients’ group II. The mean age for dexamethasone (group II) was 55.41 ± 10.4 years and solumedrol (group I) was 56.86 ± 9.3 years. Conclusion: It is concluded that both drugs dexamethasone and solumedrol are effective in improving clinical and biochemical parameters of moderate to severe covid 19 disease. Keywords: COVID-19, Patients, Inflammation, Markers, Lungs, Pneumonia
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Side Effects of Chemotherapy and its Home Management among Cancer Patients
Authors: Ullah Ali Asad , Ashraf Hashir , Shahzadi Kiran
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Cancer is a multi-factorial disease in which cellular reproduction process goes out of control. Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer in which cytotoxic drugs or anti-neoplastic drugs are used to kill or shrink fast-growing cells in the body, but it also result in various side effects which depend on the type of drug, dosage, frequency and its duration of administration. Several home remedies are also used to overcome these side effects. Thus, the study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding side effects of chemotherapy and its home management among cancer patients. Methods: - Quasi experimental, Non- equivalent control group research design was used in the study. Total 60 participants were selected in the study by non-probability purposive sampling technique from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. The data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire tool with interview method for evaluating knowledge level of cancer patients. Structured teaching program was administered in two days for 1 hour (30 minutes in each day). Result: Result showed that the mean pre test score and standard deviation of knowledge level in experimental group is 10.83± 4.13 and 23.33± 2.64 of post test respectively and mean difference of 12.5 Which is highly significant at p value < 0.05 which means the knowledge level of cancer patients was improved after implementation of the structured teaching program By contrast in control group little difference between pre and post test score of knowledge level among cancer patients which is not significant. There was association found between gender, marital status and previous knowledge (p˂0.05). Conclusion: - The findings of present study showed that the structured teaching program was effective and help in improving knowledge level of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Educating the cancer patients will help them to become more knowledgeable about their own health, treatment and also help in managing side effects at home. Keywords: cancer, chemotherapy, home management, knowledge, side effects, structured teaching program
El laicismo también como actitud
Authors: Pereda Carlos
Published: July 2022

Las palabras no pocas veces embrollan, y llevan por el mal camino a creencias, deseos, emociones y, previsiblemente, a acciones. Así, con frecuencia, provocan sucesivos desastres en nuestras vidas. Por eso, a menudo antes de comenzar a discutir sobre cualquier cosa, hay que tener en cuenta la regla de prudencia que advierte:
Neuro-Behçet’s disease revealed by diencephalo-mesencephalic impairment
Authors: Aouifi Jamal , Bouchama Houda , Eljouadi Hajar , Hanine Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Behçet’s disease is a systemic variable vessel vasculitis with unknown cause. Neurologic involvement known as neuro-Behcet’s disease (NBD) is often diagnosed in patients who present neurological symptoms and radiological lesions of the central nervous system.

Case Report: A 42-year-old woman with a history of orogenital ulceration presented with behavioral disorders and heaviness of left hemibody. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and showed a pseudo-tumor diencephalo-mesencephalic area with T2 and Flair hypersignal, a slight hypersignal in diffusion sequence, and no contrast uptake.

Conclusion: Pseudotumoral NBD is a rare but severe manifestation of Behçet’s disease. Cerebral MRI is the most efficient method to explore, detect, and monitor parenchymal lesions.
ÖLÜM CEZASI HAKKINDA GÜNCEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: HÜSEYİNOĞLU Emin , DAĞ Asiye Nurşen
Published: July 2022

Suç, ceza müeyyidesi bağlanmış fiiller olup suçlara yönelik olarak uygulanan en ağır yaptırım ölüm cezasıdır. Tarih boyunca yaygın olarak uygulanmış olan ölüm cezası konusundaki görüşler toplumların gelişimi ve ilerlemesi ile birlikte önemli bir değişim göstermiştir. Geçmişte birçok suç fiiline ölüm cezası yaptırımı uygulanırken günümüzde başta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere birçok ülkede ölüm cezası yasalardan çıkartılmıştır.
Ölüm cezası, yaşama hakkını ortadan kaldıran bir ceza olduğu için gerekliliği en çok tartışılan cezalardan birisidir. Ölüm cezasını savunanlar, bu cezanın caydırıcılığını ön plana çıkarırken karşıt görüşte olanlar ise öç almanın ilkelliğine ve yaşamın kutsallığına vurgu yapmaktadır.
Bu araştırmanın amacı ölüm cezası hakkındaki farklı görüşleri incelemek ve Türkiye’de ölüm cezasının kaldırılma sürecini incelemektir. Bu çerçevede ölüm cezasının farklı kültür ve dinlerdeki yeri, ölüm cezasını savunan ve karşıt görüşler bir arada ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca ölüm cezasının ceza hukukunun yanında sosyo-kültürel bağlantıları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimler: Yaşama hakkı, ölüm cezası, Türkiye’de ölüm cezası.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN BELAJAR DAN KREATIVITAS MENGAJAR GURU TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X DI SMK N 2 TONDANO
Authors: Dame Joubert M. , Mottoh, Rommy J. R. , Tangkuman Indah Cantikah Pingkan
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pengaruh disiplin belajar siswa terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa kelas X di SMK N 2 Tondano, 2) pengaruh kreativitas mengajar guru terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa kelas X di SMK N 2 Tondano, dan 3) pengaruh disiplin belajar siswa dan kreativitas mengajar guru secara Bersama-sama terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa kelas X di SMK N 2 Tondano. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian asosiatif kausal dengan populasi anggota yang berjumlah 80 orang. Jumlah sampel 80 orang diambil dari keseluruhan jumlah populasi. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan 1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan disiplin belajar siswa terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa kelas X di SMK N 2 Tondano, 2) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kreativitas mengajar guru terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa, 3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan disiplin belajar siswa dan kreativitas mengajar guru secara Bersama-sama terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa. Sumbangan efektif variabel disiplin belajar siswa sebesar 60,76%, dan kreativitas mengajar guru sebesar 95,43% terhadap efektivitas belajar siswa.

Kata Kunci : Disiplin Belajar Siswa, Kreativitas Mengajar Guru dan Efektivitas Belajar Siswa

 

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine 1) The effect of student learning discipline on the learning effectiveness of 10th grader students at SMK N 2 Tondano, 2) The influence of teacher teaching creativity on the learning effectiveness of 10th grader students at SMK N 2 Tondano, and 3) The influence of student learning discipline and creativity teaching teachers together on the learning effectiveness of 10th grader students at SMK N 2 Tondano. This research is a causal associative study with a population of 80 members. The number of samples of 80 people was taken from the total population. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used multiple regression. The results of this study indicate 1) There is a positive and significant effect of student learning discipline on the learning effectiveness of 10th grader students at SMK N 2 Tondano, 2) There is a positive and significant influence on teacher teaching creativity on the effectiveness of student learning, and 3) There is a positive and significant influence on discipline student learning and teacher teaching creativity together on the effectiveness of student learning. The effective contribution of the student learning discipline variable is 60.76% and the teacher's teaching creativity is 95.43% to the effectiveness of student learning.

Keywords : Discipline of student learning, Creativity of teaching teachers and Effectiveness of student learning
PENGEMBANGAN MATERI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PETANI SALAK DI KECAMATAN RATAHAN TIMUR MINAHASA TENGGARA
Authors: Wantah Edwin , Kandori Iwan , Mogea Yati Feisy
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usaha petani salak yang ada di desa pangu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan subjek penelitian yaitu beberapa petani yang ada di desa pangu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi,angket dan FGD(Focus Group Discussion),hasil dari penelitian ini di analisis dengan menggunakan metode model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengembangan bahan yang di kembangkan berpengaruh dan bermanfaat bagi beberapa petani yang ada di desa pangu.
Kata kunci : Pengembangan Materi Pemberdayaan, Ekonomi Petani Salak
 
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usaha petani salak dan yang ada di Desa Pangu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan subjek penelitian yaitu beberapa petani di Desa Pangu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, kuesioner dan FGD (Focus Group Discussion), hasil penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan materi yang dikembangkan berpengaruh dan bermanfaat bagi beberapa petani di Desa Pangu.
Kata kunci : Pemberdayaan Bahan Pengembangan, Ekonomi Petani Salak