bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on practice of green highway construction based on high quality objectives
Authors: Han Gensheng , Zeng Wu , Liang Hua , Wang Dan , Shao Shegang , Wang Jian
Published: February 2020

Creating green roads is an objective requirement for the transformation and development of the transportation industry. It is also an objective requirement for advancing the supply-side structural reform of the transportation industry and building a satisfactory transportation for the people. It is also an objective requirement for achieving a beautiful China. The author puts forward some practical experiences of green highway construction through the construction of the typical demonstration project of the Guangji expressway green highway.
Green road evaluation system and its progression route -Case study of Hubei province, China
Authors: Chen Xueping , Bai Sihua , Yang Yangang , Jian Li , Yao Jialin , Gao Shuohan , Wu Qiong , Kong Yaping
Published: February 2020

In view of the lack of coordination or guidance of green road concept and relevant evaluation to encourage sustainability, we redefined the concept of green road and its characteristics, and then reviewed some cross-sector targets of various departments related to green development. The history of green road related policies and studies were reviewed, and a green road evaluation indices system were established with 2 broad categories-compulsory and selective. The compulsory category contains 8 indices; and the selective category includes 76 indices, which are divided into 7 categories and 31 subcategories, covering design, construction and operation. In order to improve the evaluation continually, rating principles, grading methods and main reference literature were given. Then we selected 30 indices and design in a questionnaire to trial evaluation, and 11 projects of Hubei province were collected and used for analysis. Finally, based on the long-term and complexity of the evaluation system, we suggest some key improving strategies of green road evaluation in China. The establishment of the green road system is an attempt to bridge the requirements of different departments, and to stimulate the progressing technology to meet various challenges.
Study on Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Railway Construction Projects
Authors: Changsheng Shi
Published: February 2020

Important ecologically sensitive areas are extremely important to maintain regional ecological security. For railway construction projects that cross important ecologically sensitive areas, it is particularly necessary to implement ecological compensation in order to minimize the impact on important ecologically sensitive areas. This article introduces the ecological service function value loss accounting and ecological value loss accounting methods from the perspective of value, and puts forward the system introduction method, technology introduction method and compensation method introduction method of ecological compensation, combining the environmental impact assessment system and ecological compensation mechanism in order to improve the feasibility and operability of ecological compensation.
Analysis of the impact of road construction dust on glacier environment
Authors: Zhao Jing , Shao Shegang , Ni Dong , Shang Xiaodong , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Quan , Yu Xiaojuan
Published: February 2020

Construction dust falls to the snow cover and the surface of the glacier to form a fouling layer to absorb more solar radiation and reduce the intensity of surface albedo, thereby accelerating the melting of the glacier, which is the main factor affecting the glacial environment in the Highway construction. This article adopts the combination method of wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation was used to calculate the impact range of construction dust. The results show that with increasing of particle size, the diffusion range of dust decreased while the settlement speed increased. High dust concentration area (> 4mg / m3) is generally distributed within 1000m around the construction site. The specific extension direction is directly related to the local terrain and wind direction, and the height direction is generally not more than 300m. According to the above simulation results, for preventing and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment, the requirements of route selection and construction dust control measures was put forward, which played an important role and significance in guiding the highway design and construction and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment.
What impact does environmental regulation have on technological innovation?
Authors: Wang Yuwei
Published: February 2020

The research on the relationship between environmental regulation and technological innovation has a long history, and so far no conclusion has been reached. This article uses 2008-2017 China’s statistical data for empirical research, uses technology input to measure technological innovation level, and uses innocuous treatment of domestic waste and sulfur dioxide emissions as explanatory variables to perform regression. The empirical results have obtained the positive impact of environmental regulation intensity on the level of technological innovation, indicating that environmental regulation promotes technological innovation.
Engineering Example of Compact Type Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Liang Wenzhong , Ding Yining , Lei Yutao , Pang Zhihua , Zhuang Zhipeng
Published: February 2020

Considering the land shortage features of a given district in Hangzhou city, the High-sludge sedimentation tank + denitrification filtering tank + nitrification filtering tank + cloth media filtering tank process is adopted for purification treatment. When the system (with the treatment scale of 15,000m3/d) runs for 60 days, the average removal rate of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen are 86% and 96% respectively and the effluent quality reach the quasi grade IV standard.
Research on video enhancement concentration and intelligent monitoring technology in Substation
Authors: Zhu Yuancheng , Lei Zhipeng , Li Xizhong , Zheng Wei , Song Deyu
Published: February 2020

With the development of intelligent theory of computer vision and the popularization of surveillance cameras, intelligent video analysis and surveillance technology has been widely used. The traditional video monitoring system will produce a large amount of video information in the application process, which is not conducive to the storage and reference of information, and it can not carry out real-time warning, and has poor robustness to the bad environment. In view of these disadvantages, this paper proposes an improved video enhancement and concentration method, which has a good effect in ensuring the video concentration ratio and the target loss rate, and can improve the shortcomings brought by manual reference. Aiming at the problem of real-time early warning, an intelligent video analysis method is proposed to realize the functions of event alarm and detection analysis. It is of great significance to improve the video monitoring management level of the substation and realize the unattended operation of the substation.
System Design of Electricity Generation Using Waste Heat from LNG Automobile
Authors: Zhou Canzong , Chen Shuyi , Cui Wei , Yao Zhengmao
Published: February 2020

According to the research, thermoelectricity generation can recycle the heat contained in the cooling system of internal combustion engine. This paper is about taking advantage of the feature in the huge temperature difference at about 560 °C which is formed between high-temperature engine and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) in low temperature and the ability that LNG provides semiconductor with thermoelectric conversion material so as to produce the maximum output voltage in low temperature. We take advantage of lead telluride materials that adapt to the high temperature environment and bismuth telluride materials that adapt to the low temperature environment, both of which forms a circuit and are designed as a thermoelectric power generation device. Also, we confirm the possibility of applying the device to cars.
Sustainable development of coal-based circular economy park: a case study
Authors: Wei Zhen , Chang Zhenxing , Chen Chong
Published: February 2020

China is one of the world’s largest producing and consuming countries of coal. In decades, the coal-based resource type cities of China are facing economic reduction and environment degradation, because of the rapid resource exhaustion and single industrial structure. However, as a policy instrument for sustainable development, a nationwide circular economy model has been implemented at the strategic plan of new coal mines to succeed in the future dilemmas of economic depression, energy shortage, and environmental pollution. Generally, most of the coal resources are buried in the underdeveloped north-western areas with a more vulnerable eco-environment, which means a great distance between the energy supply source and the demand markets as well. Therefore, through comparing and analysing several successful coal-based circular industry chains, and discussion and evaluation of a new model of the circular economy park (CEP), this paper aims to enhance the understanding of coal mine sustainable development and shed light on the relationship between resource exploitation and local economic development.
Study on the Spreading Characteristics of the Solder Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu on an Inverted V-shaped Substrate
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Xu Bingsheng , Hou Shan , Liu Ren , Zhao Xuezhi
Published: February 2020

The impact of the contact angle of a droplet, the included angle of a substrate and the droplet volume on the morphology and profile of the droplet is discussed, and the spreading characteristics of lead-free solder on an inverted V-shaped substrate are studied, which provides theoretical guidance and data support for a comprehensive study of the interface reaction and wetting mechanism between solder and substrate, and helps improve the brazing process to adapt to complex welding operations. Based on the method of finite element simulation, different contact angles, included angles of inverted V-shaped substrate, droplet volumes and other variables are entered in the model; the relevant physical parameters are defined according to the surface tension and density of solder Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu at temperature of 490K; the theoretical spreading results of the droplet are simulated and calculated by Surface Evolver by using the principle of energy minimization and the method of gradient descent; and the spreading distance, contact area and energy equivalence of the droplet are read out by program, which helps to investigate the spreading behavior and wetting characteristics of the droplet.
Proliferation of biomass and its impact on the operation of a submerged membrane bioreactor
Authors: Liang Wenzhong , Zhuang Zhipeng , Lei Yutao , Pang Zhihua , Zhou Weijian
Published: February 2020

The aim of this work was to investigate the biomass proliferation and its impact on the operation of a submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR). A programmable logic controller (PLC) was used to control the process of the sMBR with no discharge of sludge. When MLSS was 9670 mg/L and the solid retention times (SRT) ranged from 20 to 40 days, the optimal removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, TP were 93.89%, 93.02%, 80.57%, respectively. Accompanying with the decreasing of the sludge loading, the substrate and nutrition were insufficient in the sMBR, leading to endogenous respiration of the activated sludge, which decreased the activity of sludge and resulted in the death of more microorganisms.
Analysis of Polyphosphate during the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal process using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Authors: wang Rong , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhang Di , Li Weihua
Published: February 2020

Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) reactors were operated in synthetic wastewater with different Chemical Oxygen Demand/Phosphorus (COD/P) ratios. The sludge samples at different sample times were lyophilized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that the infrared spectral curves from two reactors were similar but the intensities were different at specific wavenumbers. The spectral intensities at 1260cm-1 and 890cm-1 of the sludge samples from the reactor at low COD/P ratios were relatively stronger, but those of the reactor at high COD/P ratios were relatively weaker. The principal component projection plot of FTIR spectra analyzed with principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the sludge samples at the same COD/P ratios assembled together implicating the principal component projection plot could discriminate the sludge samples from different reactor. The infrared peak near 890cm-1 was separated and integrated with Gaussian peak fitting method. The integrated areas were correlated to the polyphosphate content in the sludge. Results showed that the prediction values were in good accordance with those determined by chemical method. This work provides a new method for the recognition of polyphosphate in sludge and provides a basis for the rapid determination of polyphosphate.
Risk analysis of construction diversion scheme
Authors: Qingqing Yang , Chengrong Du
Published: February 2020

The determination of diversion risk in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects is a key problem related to the guarantee of project safety, saving project investment, giving full play to benefits in advance and facilitating construction. According to the design data, considering the influence of the uncertain factors such as hydrology and hydraulics, this paper analyses the relationship between the elevation of the upstream cofferdam and the upstream design water level, uses the Monte Carlo method to simulate the construction flood process and the discharge capacity of the diversion buildings, makes statistical analysis and determines the risk corresponding to the upstream water level distribution of the cofferdam and the water retaining height of the cofferdam, and establishes the calculation model of the construction diversion risk.
Digital core repository coupled with machine learning as a tool to classify and assess petrophysical rock properties
Authors: Hébert Vanessa , Porcher Thierry , Planes Valentin , Léger Marie , Alperovich Anna , Goldluecke Bastian , Rodriguez Olivier , Youssef Souhail
Published: February 2020

To make efficient use of image-based rock physics workflow, it is necessary to optimize different criteria, among which: quantity, representativeness, size and resolution. Advances in artificial intelligence give insights of databases potential. Deep learning methods not only enable to classify rock images, but could also help to estimate their petrophysical properties. In this study we prepare a set of thousands high-resolution 3D images captured in a set of four reservoir rock samples as a base for learning and training. The Voxilon software computes numerical petrophysical analysis. We identify different descriptors directly from 3D images used as inputs. We use convolutional neural network modelling with supervised training using TensorFlow framework. Using approximately fifteen thousand 2D images to drive the classification network, the test on thousand unseen images shows any error of rock type misclassification. The porosity trend provides good fit between digital benchmark datasets and machine learning tests. In a few minutes, database screening classifies carbonates and sandstones images and associates the porosity values and distribution. This work aims at conveying the potential of deep learning method in reservoir characterization to petroleum research, to illustrate how a smart image-based rock physics database at industrial scale can swiftly give access to rock properties.
Permeability Prediction using multivariant structural regression
Authors: Andrew Matthew
Published: February 2020

A novel method for permeability prediction is presented using multivariant structural regression. A machine learning based model is trained using a large number (2,190, extrapolated to 219,000) of synthetic datasets constructed using a variety of object-based techniques. Permeability, calculated on each of these networks using traditional digital rock approaches, was used as a target function for a multivariant description of the pore network structure, created from the statistics of a discrete description of grains, pores and throats, generated through image analysis. A regression model was created using an Extra-Trees method with an error of <4% on the target set. This model was then validated using a composite series of data created both from proprietary datasets of carbonate and sandstone samples and open source data available from the Digital Rocks Portal (www.digitalrocksporta.org) with a Root Mean Square Fractional Error of <25%. Such an approach has wide applicability to problems of heterogeneity and scale in pore scale analysis of porous media, particularly as it has the potential of being applicable on 2D as well as 3D data.
Growth Performance of Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Juvenile in Different Initial Size of Pond Culture in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Firdaus Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra has high market value and demand, consequently its stock has sharply declined due to overexploitation. Aquaculture of sea cucumbers is a key to conserve and to restore the decreasing population while producing them for commercial purpose. The obstacles in scale-up production are still need to be addressed in nursery stage, juvenile release techniques and grow out which can be implemented in pond culture. Growth performance of H. scabra juvenile cultured in floating hapas was investigated in pond in Sekotong, West Lombok. In 12 weeks of field trial, the effect of three different initial groups of juvenile: small (1.42 + 0.01 g ind-1), medium (3.42 + 0.02 g ind-1) and big (7.77 + 0.02 g ind-1) were tested on their growth and survival by Completely Randomized Design. The result showed both Specific Growth Rate and Weight Gain were higher in small group (2.57 + 0.11 ‰d-1 and 2.57 + 0.11 %, respectively). The highest survival rate was in the biggest initial size group. Pond in Sekotong, West Lombok is potential for nursery and grow out of H. scabra juvenile.
Outbreeding Performance of Tinfoil Barb Barbonymus schwanenfeldii from Java and Kalimantan for Aquaculture Development
Authors: Kusmini Iriana I. , Radona Deni , Prakoso Vitas A. , Gustiano Rudhy , Soelistyowati Dinar T. , Carman Odang , Hidayat Kurniawan W.
Published: February 2020

Aquaculture development of tinfoil barb farming is needed to increase production. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance, growth and heterosis value on outbreeding of two tinfoil barb populations (Java and Kalimantan) reciprocally. Spawning was conducted by induced breeding using hormone stimulation (at dose of HCG 500 IU/Kg and dose of LHRH analog 0.6 mL/Kg). Spawning was carried in the aquarium with 1 x 0.5 m length and 50 cm height of fresh water as full sib ratio 1:1 (one female: one male). The measurement of hybrid in each population was repeated three times. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. Result showed that fingerlings resulted from ♀ Kalimantan and ♂ Java exhibited the highest reproductive and growth performances (P<0.05) with fertilization rate (94.17%), absolute length gain (2.85 cm), absolute weight gain (0.33 g), specific growth rate of length and weight (2.35% and 4.02%), and survival rate (57.20%).
Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity of Water Extract of Rhizome Herbs onAeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Triyitno  , Murwantoko
Published: February 2020

Several bacteria have been reported to be pathogenic to fishes, and some of them were opportunistic pathogen bacteria. Quorum sensing is a widespread phenomenon in bacteria on coordinating gene expression of virulence factors of bacterial pathogens, including biofilms. The aims of this research were to confirm biofilm formation by fish pathogenic bacteria, determine activity of water extracts of medicinal rhizome herb on growth and quorum sensing inhibition ofAeromonas hydrophila. Turmeric (Curcuma longaL.), temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorizaRoxb), ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe), kencur (Kaempferia galangaL.) and galangal (Alpinia galangalL.) rhizomes were used in this study. The extracts were examined on their activity to affect growth and inhibition of biofilms formation byA. hydrophilaat concentrations of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg/ml. Extract of rhizome medicinal herbs did not affect the growth ofA. hydrophila. Ginger extract at concentration of 40 mg /ml showed the highest inhibition of biofilm formation by 79.7%. Turmeric extract inhibited the biofilm formation by 59.9% at concentration of 30 mg / ml. Kencur extract showed the lowest biofilm inhibitory ability of 7.0%. The results showed the addition of plant rhizome water extracts had anti-quorum sensing activity as evidenced by inhibition of the formation of these bacterial biofilms.
Bioconversion and Bioeconomic of Wastewater from Red Tilapia Aquaculture on the Aquaponics System as Source of Nutrient in Green Mustard Growth
Authors: Sahubawa Latif. , Triyatmo B. , Ambarwati E.
Published: February 2020

Fish farming activities produce large amounts of waste which is disposed to environment. It contains with ammonia and nitrite as toxic substances to aquatic biota. On the other hand, it also contains nitrate as macronutrient which is useful for vegetables. Aquaponics system provides multiple benefits, namely the production of fish and organic vegetables as by-products that potentially to be a source of income. The objectives of the research were to analyse physical-chemical quality of red tilapia aquaculture and cultivated vegetable in aquaponics system, fish farm wastewater discharge for vegetable cultivation, bioconversion of aquaculture wastewater for growing vegetable biomass, and the bioeconomic of the system. The physical-chemical quality from water body of the system were as followed pH= 7.2 7.6; Temperature = 27,4 28,0ºC ; EC = 392.0 400.0 µs/cm; TDS = 180.5 189.7 ; NO3= 3.751 5.266 mg.L-1. The total biomass of green mustard in recirculating system was 92.50 kg/tray unit and in dripping system was 138 kg/tray unit. In one harvest period of red tilapia, the production of green mustard biomass was 1,152.5 kg, with an economic value of IDR 8,643,750.00 and IDR 1,680,000.00 for the red tilapia biomass.
DMSO and sucrose combination as a cryoprotectant of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm cryopreservation
Authors: Krisdahasti Lenggang Mamitu , Hardaningsih Ignatius , Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika
Published: February 2020

This study was designed to evaluate a DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) and sucrose combination as a cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of Najawa carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm. The experiment was conducted according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments 10% DMSO + 0.2 M sucrose, 10% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose, 5% DMSO + 0.2 M sucrose, 5% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose. Each treatment consisted of three replications. The parameter observed were sperm progressive motility of fresh sperm, diluted sperm before freezing, and diluted sperm after freezing 1 day; 7 days; 14 days; 21 days; 28 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The result showed that there was no significant difference between treatments (Sig. > 0.05). The highest relative protection was 89.51% carried out by 5% DMSO + 0.1 M sucrose.
Vulnerability Index Analysis of Bepondi Island as a Reference for Small and Outer Islands Management in Indonesian
Authors: Rahmadi Puji
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with many small islands as the outer border of the territory. Special attention and development programs are important due to it relates to the improvement of public welfare and national sovereignty. Therefore, the vulnerability study for small and outer islands is urgently conducted as an initial step for regional development programs. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability level of Bepondi Island, West Papua from various threats either directly from nature by biologically, geologically, climate change effect, or anthropological and social-economic. To determine the small and outer island’s vulnerability, composite vulnerability index (CVI) has been applied. Several ecological indexes have been composited were coastal index (CI), Isolation Index (II), Land-used degradation index (LDI), Ecosystem degradation index, and Sea Level Rise Index (SLRI). The results showed that Bepondi Island has CVI calculated for 0.47, which means the island was exposed to medium-high vulnerability. This was caused by the threat from abrasion, potential landslide, and isolation. On the other hand, this island has a fairly high fishery potential. Therefore, mitigation plans to cope with disasters were urgently needed and communication infrastructures must be promptly built as a countermeasure for the island’s isolation problem.
Total Allowable Catch of Indonesian Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii and Its Potential Resources in The Indian Ocean
Authors: Rochman Fathur , Agustina Maya , Levi Arnenda Gussasta
Published: February 2020

Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) is a high value species fished by many countries including Indonesia, and its fishing activities has been regulated by CCSBT. This study aimed to determine the potential resource of Indonesian SBT, utilization, and review of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) of Indonesian SBT. This research was conducted from January 2017 to April 2018. The primary data used in this study were the otolith samples and the enumeration data of SBT landed in Benoa port from 2012-2017. Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) used in this research was based on a direct aging method using otolith. This research showed that the catch at age structure was distributed from 5-22 years with mean and mode of age were 9.63 and 9 years. The average of the exploitation rate measured was 0.191 per year meaning that the level of exploitation was categorized as underfished. The optimal assumption of the exploitation rate estimated in the range of 1,577 to 2,630 tons per year which is higher than the TAC provided by CCSBT. It was concluded that from 2015 onwards, the catch efforts were more effective and efficient with the increasing level of the exploitation and the decreasing number of efforts.
Community mapping and vegetational analysis of the mangrove forest in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines
Authors: Faustino Agnes Zafe , Madela Helen Lonsamia , Castor Richard Gavina , Muroda Alvin Paredes , Parato Chavez Marian Nena
Published: February 2020

Mangrove forests in Philippines have been noted for years to be continuously dwindling in terms of forest cover and diversity. The reasons behind these unfortunate events are the unabated illegal activities in the mangroves albeit the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to its conservation and rehabilitation. For several decades, the Philippine government had been implementing programs and projects aiming to bring back the once pristine and productive mangrove areas through reforestation of denuded areas in the country. However, assessment is needed to evaluate whether these efforts have positively impacted coastal areas. This paper presents the current vegetational condition of selected reforested mangrove areas in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines. Fifty-six (56) quadrats measuring 10x10m were established strategically in four (4) randomly selected rehabilitated mangrove sites. The overall results show that ten (10) mangrove species were recorded andRhizophora apiculataandRhizophora mucronatagot the highest importance values of 111.59 and 105.96 respectively. This only shows that mono-specific mangrove species were considered during the rehabilitation of the areas set aside the environmental parameters affecting survival rate and the ecological diversity of the mangrove forest. A framework was developed to guide the local government in developing their sustainable mangrove management plan.
The Population of Mangrove Clam (Polymesoda expansa) in The Panikel Village, Segara Anakan, Cilacap
Authors: Widianingsih Widianingsih , Nuraini Ria Azizah Tri , Riniatsih Ita , Hartati Retno , Redjeki Sri , Endrawati Hadi , Agus Elsa Lusia , Mahendrajaya Robertus Triaji
Published: February 2020

Mangrove clam Polymesoda expansa belonged to the family Corbiculidae. The clam itself is a semi-infauna that lives partially below the soft sediment around the roots of mangrove trees. The purpose of this research is to study the population P. expansa in Panikel Area, Segara Anakan, Cilacap. The size of the sampling site for this research was 10x10 m. Mangrove clam P. expansa was taken by handpicking. Sampling was conducted in April and June 2019. The water quality parameters were taken in-situ. According to the research result, the highest population of P. expansa in Panikel occurred in June amounting to 85 individuals. In the Panikel area, P. expansa has a positive correlation between the total weight and shell length not only in April but also in June. It can be concluded that the mangrove area in Panikel Village is suitable for supporting P. expamsa population.
The diversity of intertidal fish in Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during dry and rainy seasons
Authors: Adharini Ratih Ida , Probosunu Namastra , Arifati Atika , Drastiana Tika , Rusnasari Fitriana C.
Published: February 2020

The intertidal zone is a transition area between sea and land with unique characteristics. This research aimed to determine the diversity and types of fish in the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was conducted in December 2016–September 2017 along the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach. Fish samples were collected by fishermen twice a month using a hand net and hand line in an area of 22,000 m2by random sampling. Water quality data included air and water temperatures, pH, salinity, tides, rainfall intensity, and substratum. Fish samples were identified, and the total length and weight were measured. Results showed that carnivores and herbivores were dominant during the rainy season, whereas carnivores and omnivores were dominant during the dry season. Total of 179 fish, which were grouped into 18 families and 31 species. The diversity species index was 1.067 (intermediate diversity) during the rainy season but 0.19 (low diversity) during the dry season. The dominancy index was low (0.11–0.34) during the dry season, whereas during the rainy season was higher (0.18–0.72). The study concluded that the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach has a good condition as nursery, feeding, and spawning grounds for fishes.
Stability OfSpirulina platensisIce Cream and Shelf Life Prediction Using Accelerated Shelf Life Test Method Based On Physical and Antioxidant Analysis
Authors: Noorannisa Salsabila , Ekantari Nurfitri
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to know the stability and shelf life ofS. platensisice cream during storage. For a storage period of two months the samples were stored at -15 for the first month and 10˚C for the next month. Percentage of DPPH and emulsion stability were observed during storage in two replicates. The stability of emulsion slightly decreased along the period of storage. At the beginning of -15 ˚C storage, stability of emulsion was 98%, and at the end of storage was 93%. At -10 ˚C, the stability of emulsion decreased from 91% to 86 %. At -5 ˚C, the stability of emulsion decreased from 86% to 82 %. Longer storage decreased the quality of the ice cream texture and antioxidant content. In three months storage, antioxidant reduced around 56.91%. Increased in temperature storage showed greater impact on the reduction of texture quality ofS. platensisice cream. The ASLT analysis on selected parameter shows that spirulina ice cream have shelf life of 25, 24, and 21 days in temperature -15, -10, and -5˚C, respectively. Future development was required in measuring the relationship between instrument and sensory analysis of the ice cream.
Cholesterol Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Sensory Analysis of Deep Fried and Roasted Abon Ikan (Fish Floss/Shredded Fish Flesh)
Authors: Fahmi A Suhaeli , Purnamayati Lukita
Published: February 2020

Abon ikan (fish floss/shredded fish) commonly processed by deep frying in cooking oil after fish meat were steamed and mixed with condiments. Deep frying technique used in abon ikan processing caused high rancidity risk of abon ikan during storage. In this research, deep frying and roasting method were compared. Fresh catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were used as raw material, after steamed and mixed with condiments, then mixed dough were processed with the treatments (roasted on pan or deep fried with frying oil). Cholesterol content was tested by Bohac test. Fatty acid composition was analyzed with Gas Chromatography. Roasted abon ikan contained moisture, fat and protein about 9.94%, 22.39% and 29.66% respectively while fried abon ikan contained about 4.98%, 23.19% and 27.50% respectively. Roasted abon ikan contained cholesterol about 0.28 mg/g and fried abon ikan contained about 0.74 mg/g. Fatty acid profile analysis show that in both samples unsaturated fatty acid were dominated by oleic acid and linoleic acid while saturated fatty acid were dominated by palmitic acid. Roasted abon ikan were lower in palmitic acid and oleic acid content but higher in palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid. Sensory analysis showed that roasted abon ikan gave better texture, flavor and odor while deep fried abon ikan was better in appearance.
Chitinase Activity ofSerratia marcescensPT-6 Cultured in Bioreactor with Various Aeration Rate
Authors: Dzakiyya Niswah Umhudloh , Puspita Indun Dewi , Pudjiraharti Sri
Published: February 2020

Chitin is a biopolymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) monomers. Bacterial chitinase helps in bioconversion process of chitin from shrimp shell waste into NAG. This study aimed to determine the effect of aeration on chitinase activity, NAG concentration in medium, bacterial growth, and pH medium; to determine the optimum aeration on chitinase production ofSerratia marcescensPT-6. Chitinase was produced using a 1.5 L bioreactor at pH 7, 30°C, 200 rpm agitation speed, and variation of aeration rates (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 vvm). Parameters examined included pH, bacterial growth (log CFU/ml), chitinase activity (U/ml), and NAG concentration in medium (µg/ml). Bacterial growth was measured by enumeration of bacterial colony in medium, while chitinase activity and NAG concentration were analyzed by colorimetric assay. Parameters was measured every 8 hours during 60 hours of incubation. Aeration rate showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) on chitinase activity and NAG concentration, but not significant (P≥0.05) on bacterial growth and pH medium. Optimum aeration rate on producing chitinase was 0.6 vvm with the highest chitinase activity of 0.0125 U/ml at 40 hours incubation. This study implies that optimization of bioreactor condition improved the production of chitinase byS. marcescensPT-6.
Development and Characterization of Biobased Alginate/Glycerol/Virgin Coconut Oil as Biodegradable Packaging
Authors: Marismandani Adinda Dwi Putri , Husni Amir
Published: February 2020

Plastics are widely used as packaging materials but can cause environmental problems because they are not easily degraded. Therefore, it was necessary to find alternative packaging materials that were easily degraded, including edible film. The main raw materials for edible film were alginate and plasticizers including glycerol and virgin coconut oil (VCO). The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics of edible films composed of alginate, glycerol and VCO and to determine the best concentration of alginate in edible films. The study was carried out through the manufacture of edible films composed of alginates at various concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%), 10% glycerol and 0.01% VCO. The characteristics observed included thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The results showed that increasing the concentration of alginate increased the thickness, tensile strength, and elongation of edible films but reduced the solubility and WVTR of edible films. The best alginate concentration was 4% with the following characteristics: thickness, 0.12±0.01 mm; tensile strength, 1.59±0.12 MPa; elongation, 48.73±1.97%; solubility, 92.07±0.57%; and WVTR, 49.18±0.59 g/m2.24 hours. The various alginate concentrations significantly affected the thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and water vapor transmission rate of the edible film produced.
Optimization of Agitation Rate in Bioreactor Increases Chitinase Activity ofSerratia marcescensPT6
Authors: Wriahusna Amara Faiz , Dzakiyya Niswah Umhudloh , Puspita Indun Dewi , Pudjiraharti Sri
Published: February 2020

Serratia marcescensPT6 is a Gram-negative bacteria isolated from shrimp pond sediment that capable of producing chitinase. This study aimed to observe the effect of agitation rate on growth and chitinase activity ofS. marcescensPT-6 in a bioreactor. The production of chitinase was done in 1.5 l bioreactor using colloidal chitin broth at the condition of pH 7, the temperature of 30°C, aeration of 0.04 vvm, and variation of agitation rate (200, 350, 500 rpm). Bacterial growth was measured by colonies counting in agar medium, while chitinase activity was measured by means of colorimetric every day for four days incubation. The results of ANOVA analysis show that the agitation rate had no effect on bacterial growth, but a significant effect (P<0.05) was observed on chitinase activity. The highest growth and chitinase activity were obtained at 200 rpm, with the highest chitinase activity of 0.006 ± 0.001 U/ml was at day-2. This study implies that the optimized agitation rate in the bioreactor increased the chitinase activity produced byS. marcescens PT-6.
Physical Characteristics of Gelatin from Cork Fish skin in The Waters of Merauke
Authors: Ayudiarti Diah Lestari , Hastarini Ema , Susilowati Rini
Published: February 2020

Cork fish (Channa striata) is a swamp fish that population very abundant in Merauke. This fish meat is rich in albumin and is usually used as an additional supplement for people who have undergone surgery. Cork fish skin also contains very high protein, which one of them is gelatin. Research on physical characteristics of gelatin from cork fish skin in the waters of merauke has been done. Gelatin were made by soaked the cork fish skin into acetic acid 0.5 M at concentration 2, 4 and 6% for12 hours. After soaked, the skins were washed by water until neutralized (pH 6), then it were extracted using aquadest (1:3) at 70oC for 2 hours. The filtrates then were filtered and dried in oven at temperature 40-50oC. The result showed that the best gelatin extraction was using acetic acid 0.5 M in concentration 6% with yield 10.15%, gel strength 169.45 gbloom, viscosity 14.31 cPs, white degree 52.
Immobilization of Bacterial Cells and Chitinolytic Activity ofStreptomycessp. (PB 2)
Authors: Dieni Anida , Ustadi
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to immobilize the chitinolytic bacteriaStreptomycessp. PB 2 using sodium alginate as immobilization agent.Streptomycessp. PB 2 was reported have a good chitinolytic activity and immobilization is known to increase the stability of bacteria during repeated used. Sodium alginate has been used on several methods of immobilization and sodium alginate are reported as a good agent. Cell immobilization was done by growing the cell on nutrient broth (NB), mixed with 1% sodium alginate to form the beads, then the mixture were put to a syringe and droped into CaCl2 solution. The beads were washed with 0.85% NaCl solution and filtered. To test the bacterial activity, beads were applied into chitin liquid medium and the chitinolytic activity was observed every 24 hours for 5 days. To test its stability, after the 5thday, the beads was filtered and put in to chitin liquid medium and tested the chitinolytic activity. This experiment was repeated twice. The highest chitinolytic activity ofStreptomycessp. PB2 was observed on the 4thday with the value of 0.00014 U/ml and the concentration of NAG of 5.42087 µg/ml with the treatment of immobilized NB medium without the addition of chitin.
Variations of atmospheric aerosol parameters in periods of seismic activity in Tien–Shan
Authors: Sverdlik Leonid
Published: February 2020

Combination of numerical modeling (MERRA) and ground based (AERONET) monitoring of atmospheric aerosol parameters were used to discover a possible connection to seismic activities within the territory of Tien-Shan. The obtained results demonstrated consistent behavior between increase of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and powerful earthquakes, epicenters of which were located within 200 km from the “Issyk-Kul” station (AERONET). Thereat, the dominant role was played by fine-dispersed particles, which virtually determined the nature of AOT evolution. We also observed well-defined changes of the ratio between mass fraction PM1.0 (particles less than 1.0 μm aerodynamic diameter) and optical thickness of aerosol scattering several days before an earthquake of M > 5.0 magnitude.
Atmospheric reaction to the manifestations of the geodynamic activity of the Sulawes phenomenon according to satellite data
Authors: Kashkin Valentin , Odintsov Roman , Rubleva Tatyana , Simonov Konstantin , Tsup Julia
Published: February 2020

Using ATOVS satellite data (NOAA / POES) atmospheric disturbances that arose in the equatorial zone of Indonesia in the fall of 2018 were studied as a reaction to the geophysical manifestations of the geodynamic activity of a strong earthquake with a magnitude of M = 7,5. An archive of satellite information has been formed. A technique has been developed for analyzing the temperature of profiles during strong seismic activity of the Sulawes phenomenon. The atmospheric effects over the seismically active region of this earthquake were studied. It was found that in the troposphere during the study period anomalies with lower temperatures are observed above the epicenter region of the Indonesian earthquake and thermal anomalies with elevated temperatures are formed in the lower stratosphere.
Heat transfer analysis of nanofluid flow through backward facing step
Authors: Boudiaf Ahlem , Danane Fetta , Benkahla Youb Khaled , Berabou Walid , Benzema Mahdi , Ouyahia Seif-Eddine
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the numerical predictions of hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of nanofluid flow through backward facing step. The governing equations are solved through the finite volume method, as described by Patankar, by taking into account the associated boundary conditions. Empirical relations were used to give the effective dynamic viscosity and the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. Effects of different key parameters such as Reynolds number, nanoparticle solid volume fraction and nanoparticle solid diameter on the heat transfer and fluid flow are investigated. The results are discussed in terms of the average Nusselt number and streamlines.
Wave generation in an OWC system for wave energy conversion
Authors: Hafsa Bouhrim , Abdellatif El Marjani , Mounir Hamid
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to present an overview on the wavemakers used to generate waves inside a numerical wave tank taking into consideration the biphasic air-water aspect of the incident wave. Wave markers are used to simulate the flow dynamic behaviour in the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) for wave energy conversion. Three kinds of these systems have been considered in the present work. To compare these types of wave generators a case study was adopted with the assumption of a fluid flow which is unsteady, 2D, biphasic (air-water), and k-epsilon turbulent. It has been found that the piston and the flap wave maker types are suitable for OWC device simulations.
Prototype’s seizing and design of a solar refrigerator based on solid adsorption
Authors: BOUSHABA Hicham , MIMET Abdelaziz , El GANAOUI Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Solar refrigerator machines based on solid adsorption present a highly interesting solution to the Industry of Cooling Production. In one hand, they are significantly attractive economy ways because of the abundance of the solar energy resources. In the other hand, they are environment friendly. As a result, these machines could present one of the most competitive solutions to the improvement of this very industry. The aim of this paperwork is to provide an accurate study on how to design, seize and build a prototype of an adsorption solar refrigerator using activated-carbon/ammonia pair: Firstly, we used a static model, which is based on the use of state equations (vapor/liquid) at thermodynamic equilibrium. This model computes the cycled mass and the cycle coefficient of performance (COPc) for each four characteristic temperatures of the cycle. Secondly, we develop a dynamic simulation program based on conservation equations of energy and mass in the reactor, this program allow the calculation of the temperature, the pressure inside the reactor, the adsorbed mass and the solar coefficient of performance (COPs). Finally, in the light of our results, we design this prototype, it would consist of the reactor: a solar panel, size 1 m2contain tubes with a diameter of 10cm, an air condenser, and a cold chamber containing an air evaporator.
Comparative numerical study of single and two-phase models of nanofluid liquid film evaporation in a vertical channel
Authors: Najim Monssif , Feddaoui M’barek , Nait Alla Abderrahman , Charef Adil
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this study is to survey numerically comparison of two-phase and single-phase models of heat and mass transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid liquid film flowing downward a vertical channel. A finite difference method is developed to produce the computational predictions for heat and mass transfer during the evaporation of the liquid film approached by the single-phase and two-phase models. The model solves the coupled governing equations in both nanofluid and gas phases together with the boundary and interfacial conditions. The systems of equations obtained by using an implicit finite difference method are solved by Tridiagonal Matrix Algorithm. The results show that the two-phase model is more realistic since it takes into account the thermophoresis and Brownian effects.
CFD-Entropy generation analysis of refrigerant-based nanofluids flow in a tube
Authors: Zohud Mohammed , Ouadha Ahmed , Benzeguir Redouane
Published: February 2020

The present paper aims to numerically investigate the flow, heat transfer and entropy generation of some hydrocarbon based nanorefrigerants flowing in a circular tube subject to constant heat flux boundary condition. Numerical tests have been performed for 4 types of nanoparticles, namely Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO with a diameter equal to 30 nm and a volume concentration of φ = 5%. These nanoparticles are dispersed in some hydrocarbon-based refrigerants, namely tetrafluoroethane (R134a), propane (R290), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a) and propylene (R1270). Computations have been performed for Reynolds number ranging from 600 to 2200. The numerical results in terms of the average heat transfer coefficient of pure refrigerants have been compared to values obtained using correlations from the literature. The results show that the increase of the Reynolds number increases the heat transfer coefficient and decreases the total entropy generation.