bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of commercial maize lines through the integration of genes and gene combinations from elite lines
Authors: Hadi G.
Published: August 2004

Between 1980 and 2000 two parallel breeding experiments were carried out to examine the effect of pedigree, backcrossing to the elite line, early testing, visual selection and late testing on the development of inbred maize lines with commercial value. In both series of experiments the standard was a hybrid between the line used as tester and the line chosen for improvement (HMv 9). Early testing was carried out using testers F 2 and HMv 23. In agreement with the literature, the frequency distribution indicated that at least half the families gave a higher yield on both testers than the original line. In the case of grain moisture and stalk strength, the derivatives of the individual populations behaved differently on each tester, suggesting the presence of a tester × donor interaction. On the F 2 tester no families were found which yielded significantly better, while also having significantly lower grain moisture and/or significantly better stalk strength. On tester HMv 23 one family was found which yielded significantly more than the standard while also having significantly lower grain moisture. The final evaluation demonstrated that 6 lines with commercial value were developed in the two breeding experiments; these were used in the breeding of 12 registered hybrids. The performance of the source populations chosen for use in line development was found to be extremely important in the development of lines with commercial value. By comparison the methods used for line development and the testing conditions were of secondary importance and were found to have no significant influence on the tested populations. It was concluded that in breeding programmes aimed at developing commercial lines, even greater attention should be paid to the performance of the source populations. In most cases, due to the small number of families/populations, the fixing of traits during inbreding takes place in a random manner, and selection has little modifying effect as the generations become increasingly homozygous. For the above reasons it is wiser and more economical to choose the simple, cheap line development method.
Canon, Translation, and Literary History
Authors: Szegedy-Maszák Mihály
Published: August 2004

How far can canon and language be sources of (dis)continuity in literary history? Continuity and discontinuity are concepts of such complexity that only philosophers can hope to make a successful attempt to define them in general terms. All I can offer is a tentative analysis of their significance for literary history. Since even such an investigation would ask for a lengthy treatment if conducted on an abstract level, I shall limit myself to reflections on how continuity and discontinuity are related to the concepts of canon and language. In the second half of my paper a personified abstraction called nation will also be introduced with the intention of making some remarks on the legitimacy of the terms national and world literature. The essay also raises the question of whether it is possible to write literary history in a postmodern world.
Evidence of Explicitation in Subtitling: Towards a Categorisation
Authors: Perego Elisa
Published: August 2004

After framing the main theoretical issues related to subtitling and specifically to explicitation, this paper describes an in-progress research project. First, the preliminary hypothesis standing at the basis of the research is outlined, which is then followed by the presentation of a small-scale corpus designed by the author. Second, I will offer an account of the research method and of the phases of analysis which helped to identify cases of explicitation, and allowed for proposing an initial, rudimentary categorisation of the types of explicitation found in translation for the screen in the form of subtitling. All the occurrences of different explicitation types are illustrated with excerpts taken from the films analysed.
Proper Names in Translation: An Explanatory Attempt
Authors: Vermes Albert Péter
Published: August 2004

The primary thesis of this paper is that, contrary to popular views, the translation of proper names is a non-trivial question, closely related to the problem of the meaning of the proper name. It aims to show what happens to proper names in the process of translation, particularly from English into Hungarian, to systematise and, within the frames of relevance theory, to explain the phenomena in question. It is suggested that in translating a proper name translators have four basic operations at their disposal: transference, translation proper, substitution and modification, which are defined here and explained in relevance-theoretic terms. The paper presents two case studies, which attempt to explain the treatment of proper names in the Hungarian translations of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five and J. F. Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans. The analysis is based on the assumption that translation is a special form of communication, aimed at establishing interpretive resemblance between the source text and the target text, governed by the principle of optimal resemblance (Sperber and Wilson 1986; Gutt 1991). The findings seem to confirm the claim that proper names behave in a largely predictable way in translation: the particular operations chosen to deal with them are a function, partly, of the semantic content they are loaded with in the source context and, partly, of considerations of how this content may be preserved in the target communication situation, including elements like the specific audience, intertextual relationships and translation norms, in consistency with the principle of relevance.
Perl Scripting in Translation Project Management
Authors: Chrupała Grzegorz
Published: August 2004

The field of translation in general and of technical translation in particular has become increasingly dependent on the use of various electronic tools. Computer assisted translation uses specialized applications that partly automate the production of multilingual software and documentation. However, for some needs these applications are not flexible enough. In these situations programming becomes indispensable. Scripting programming languages such as Perl provide a perfect platform for rapid solution of specific, short-term problems in a fully customizable way.
Message Adjustment in Translation
Authors: Heltai Pál
Published: August 2004

Gutt's relevance theoretic approach to translation (1991/2000b) offers a cognition-based theoretical framework for the study of translation. However, as Tirkkonen-Condit (2002) notes, it does not go far enough, since it fails to show what is unique to translation and what role interlinguality plays in translation. The present paper represents an effort to make one step forward by elaborating the concept of secondary communication situation and by following up some of the problems raised by or naturally arising from Gutt's approach. The paper accepts the view that translation is a prototype concept (Snell-Hornby 1988/1995), ranging from simple repetition in the same language at the same time through intralingual translation to written interlingual translation. Ironically, the role of language change in translation, neglected in some theories of translation, including that of Gutt, has to be emphasised again. In a similar manner, the author finds that the role of constraints on achieving relevance in various types of communication must receive more attention. For this reason the term message adjustment, borrowed from studies of second language acquisition, is introduced. It is suggested that message adjustment is closely related to the principle of relevance.
Vagueness in Economic Texts as a Translation Problem
Authors: Stolze Radegundis
Published: August 2004

This article discusses - at the example of economic texts - the solution of dynamic translation problems from a translator's hermeneutic approach to texts. Hermeneutic translation integrates a knowledge-based understanding of written texts with functional text production adapted to the respective discourse field. Translating texts for specific purposes means to enter in and continue the specialized communication in another language. One special problem in translating texts from the field of economics is a kind of “vagueness” in such texts, which appears on various levels. This concerns a pragmatic vagueness by a variety of persons involved in economic texts, so that more than one text function may be realized; there is a semantic vagueness in the terminology caused by polysemantic concepts and varying levels of language usage; there is a formative vagueness in the specialist terminology in using general language frames for specific concepts, and a conceptual vagueness mirroring cultural differences. The sensitive translator needs an adequate knowledge base in economic affairs, in order to thoroughly understand the text and serve the intended purpose.
Localization and the Humanization of Technical Discourse
Authors: Pym Anthony
Published: August 2004

Vezetéknév
English-Arabic Dubbed Children's Cartoons: Strategies of Translating Idioms
Authors: Zitawi Jehan
Published: August 2004

The present study focuses on children's cartoons dubbed from English into Arabic and shown on E-junior channels in Abu Dhabi and Dubai television. The paper examines the strategies adopted by Arab translators to render one of the most problematic areas in translation, that is idiomatic expressions, throughout the process of translating and dubbing children's cartoons. The analysis of the rendering of each idiomatic expression indicates that the following strategies are shown to be used in translating idioms for dubbing purposes: dynamic translation, naturalisation/localisa­tion, addition, deletion and word-for-word translation.
Translation Competence: Creativity and Routine
Authors: Szabari Krisztina
Published: August 2004

To those of us working in the field of translation and translation studies,Professor Wolfram Wilss hardly needs an introduction, since he is known and respected world-wide as one of the founders of the science of translation. His books “Übersetzungswissenschaft - Probleme und Methoden” (1977), “Kog­nition und Übersetzen” (1988), “Übersetzungsfertigkeit - Annäherungen an einen komplexen übersetzungspraktischen Begriff” (1992), “Übersetzungs­unterricht. Eine Einführung. Begriffliche Grundlagen und methodische Orien­tierungen” (1996), “Knowledge and Skills in Translator Behaviour” (1996), and “Translation and Interpreting in the 20th century” (1999) are considered today as some of the “standard works” of translation studies. From the start, Dr. Wilss attempted to analyse translation in a broader context. He has always believed that translation means far more than the reformulation in the target language of “what is written on the page”. For many years Professor Wilss headed the Language Service of the Chancellor's Office of the Federal Republic of Germany, where he acquired considerable experience in the practice of translation and interpreting. From 1966 until 1990 he served as director and executive professor of the “Interpreters' Institute”, the “Institute for Trans­lation and Interpretation”, and from 1968 he was Professor of Applied Linguistics with a specialisation in the theory of translation. Since 1990 he has been emeritus professor, and he has remained active in academic life, publishing numerous books and attending many of the major conferences on translation studies, language policy and linguistics. The following conversation took place in Berlin on 5 July 2003 during a break in a conference organised to mark the tenth anniversary of the foundation of the Bundesverband der Dolmetscher und Übersetzer Berufsgruppe Konferenzdolmetscher as well as the foundation of the Verband der Konferenzdolmetscher. At the conference, Professor Wilss gave a lecture entitled “Interpreting - in a strained rela­tionship between memory, attention and value added”. The text of the interview was translated from German into English by Andrew Gane.
From Translation to Transfer
Authors: Weissbrod Rachel
Published: August 2004

This article examines transfer as a mechanism which applies to translation and other phenomena. The foundations for a theory of transfer were laid down by Roman Jakobson, whose ideas were further developed by Itamar Even-Zohar. Even-Zohar defined transfer as the re-creation in cultural system A of a text or a model originating in system B, whether in the same macro-system or not. Aside from translation in the narrow sense, transfer includes the remaking of films, adaptation of literary works for a new audience (e.g., children), rewriting them in nonverbal semiotic symbols, etc. All these forms of transfer can be described and explained with the help of theoretical concepts and assumptions used in translation research. This article aims to map the forms of transfer implied by Even-Zohar's definition and illustrate them, using examples from Israeli and other cultures. This article ends by the discussion of the question of the relation between the transfer theory applied and post-modern ideas.
Translating New Genres Between Slovene and English: An Analytical Framework
Authors: Limon David
Published: August 2004

Due to processes of internationalisation and European integration, countries such as Slovenia have to accommodate many new textual genres, which are either introduced via translation, or written in Slovene for later translation into English. This paper presents an analytical framework developed with this situation in mind and describes how it was applied to a particular translation of a political progress report. The aim was to support the development of a more systematic approach to the production and translation of such texts. The model draws upon discourse analysis, genre analysis and contrastive functional rhetoric, and is compatible with functional approaches to translation. The top-down analysis begins with the discussion of the background to the report and its writing, the participants in the translation process, the training and support provided, and the translation strategies employed. We then go on to consider the broader linguistic and cultural background, including the relevant genre conventions. This is followed by a summary of a detailed analysis of text profile, coherence, cohesion, information structure and register features. The emphasis is on the task facing the reader and whether the communicative purpose of the text is achieved or not.
Keywords and Ideology in Translated History Texts: A Corpus-based Analysis
Authors: Kemppanen Hannu
Published: August 2004

This article introduces a corpus-based method for studying the realisation of ideology in translated and non-translated texts. The material comprises Russian-Finnish translations and original (non-translated) Finnish texts on Finnish political history. The analysis is based on a computer application of Firth's concept of keywords - “sociologically important words”. The article focuses on analysing one of the translation-specific keywords - the wordystävyys'friendship'. The use of this word is analysed in word lists, collocations, word clusters, compounds, and actantial structure of the texts. The results show a clear difference between translations and non-translations in the use of the wordystävyys. The differences are manifest in the use of lexical patterns, such as the wordystävyysfrequently collocating with the wordja'and' or productively building word clusters and compounds in translations, but not in non-translations. The analysis of the keywordystävyysin larger contexts shows that translations realise an actantial structure where the subject-hero consists of co-operating actors, who are aiming at a common goal of friendship. In non-translations, however, the acting subject functions alone, which explains the less frequent use of the wordystävyys. In contexts where this word occurs, it often takes a negative semantic prosody.
Point of View in Translation: A Corpus-based Study of French Translations of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse
Authors: Bosseaux Charlotte
Published: August 2004

Narratology does not distinguish between original and translated fiction. Indeed, narratological models, such as the one proposed by Chatman (1990:74) do not pay any attention to the translator. Since the 1990's, the visibility of translators in translated narrative texts has been increasingly discussed and researchers like Schiavi (1996) and Hermans (1996) introduced the concept of the translator's voice, which attempts to recognise the 'other' voice in translation, i.e., the presence of the translator. Corpus-based translation studies have also focused on recurrent features of translated language (see, for example, Baker 1993, Kenny 2001; Laviosa 1997; Olohan & Baker 2000), and corpus techniques and tools are being employed to identify the translators' 'style' in their translations (Baker 2000). Bosseaux (2004) seeks to define the nature of the translator's discursive presence by exploring certain narratological aspects of the relation between originals and translations. This investigation is particularly concerned with the potential problems involved in the translation of linguistic features that constitute the notion of point of view, i.e., deixis, modality, transitivity and free indirect discourse, and seeks to determine whether and how the translator's choices affect the transfer of narratological structures. This paper looks specifically at the translation of free indirect discourse inTo the Lighthouseand its three French translations:Promenade au Phare(1929) translated by Maurice Lanoire, Voyage au Phare(1993) by Magali Merle andVers le Phare(1996) by Françoise Pellan.
Conference Report
Authors: Gauton Rachélle
Published: August 2004

Corpus-based Translation Studies: Research and Applications, Pretoria, South Africa, 21-25 July, 2003
Book Reviews
Authors: Kiraly Donald , Dróth Júlia
Published: August 2004

Michèle Kaiser-Cooke: Translation, Evolution und Cyberspace: Eine Synthese von Theorie, Praxis und Lehre; Brian Mossop: Revising and Editing for Translators;
Comments on debt dynamics
Authors: Mellár T.
Published: August 2004

The present paper deals with the accumulation of public debt based on different kinds of nonlinear models. The same problem is analysed here in three different models. In the first model difference between growth rate and interest rate depends lineary on the debt/GDP ratio and the budget deficit. In the second model version this connection was non-linear, so two kinds of economic policy could be applied. In the third version the growth rate as well as the interest rate are in close connection with the debt/GDP ratio, in this case a stable equilibrium or a saddle path could be shown up.
The regularities of innovation — A marketing perspective
Authors: Rekettye G.
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this paper is to implement the regularities of product innovation in the field of marketing. The article takes a look at the different understandings of the concept of marketing innovation and it states that although the innovation concept is widely discussed in marketing literature, it lacks one important element: the “missing link” is an analysis of the relation between product innovation and marketing innovation. The paper discusses the different patterns of innovation and points out that the marketing of a product category displays a similar evolution cycle. Using the dominant product-form analogy, the author presents his hypothesis about the existence of a dominant marketing mix. He argues that as the dominant product form emerges, it is accompanied by a dominant marketing form, and he states that such standardised marketing will dominate the scene until the next discontinuous innovation.
Hungarian macroeconomic variables — Reflections on causal relationships
Authors: Dritsakis N.
Published: August 2004

The paper investigates the relationship among macroeconomic variables for a transition country: Hungary. The purpose of this paper is to measure the dynamic interrelationship among macroeconomic variables such as money supply, output, interest rates, inflation and exchange rates. For the empirical analysis of this investigation, quarterly data have been used for the period from 1980 to 2000, and the Johansen multivariate cointegration technique and the Granger causality tests have been applied. The results provide evidence of the existence of important causal relationships between variables that describe macroeconomic activity in Hungary.
What makes Hungarian SMEs perform poorly?
Authors: Major I.
Published: August 2004

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been the target of supportive government policies since economic transformation began in Hungary although the birth of a strong and healthy layer of SMEs has not been observed in the country up to now. In this article the issue of why this has not happened is addressed. Empirical evidence suggested that Hungarian SMEs are not usually driven by the corporate values of Max Weber’s “protestant ethics”; instead, they aim at short-term financial enrichment. Hungarian SMEs cannot usually “climb the ladder” and turn into large enterprises – indeed, their survival period is relatively short.

Nickell (1996) argued that (total factor) productivity rather than profitability would reflect a company’s efficiency level. Using frontier production and frontier profit functions there is an attempt here to prove that “technical (or allocative) efficiency” and “profit efficiency” both have a distinct role to play in explaining a firm’s economic performance; and by applying limited information maximum likelihood models of SME profit gaps it will be shown that cost inefficiencies and unfavourable market conditions — alongside the inefficient allocation of factors of production — inevitably lead to the fairly low level of SME profitability.

The most important finding of the analysis is that employment has been a crucial factor in explaining the profit deviation of companies. Building on the results of Köllő (2001) the article argues that SMEs regard labour as flexible stock. Companies will seek out new labour if they find new market opportunities — but until these appear, they tend to remain in the arena of diminishing returns, this being the easiest way for them to maximise profits. Downgraded production activities do not attract substantial external financing. Yet a lack of financial resources when new market opportunities do emerge will prevent an SME from exploiting the chance.
An attempt to create a multidimensional theory of the firm: Taking a generalised perspective
Authors: Kapás J.
Published: August 2004

The paper proposes a possible method for further developing the theory of the firm in a generalised way. It argues that a more general theory of the firm, called multidimensional theory of the firm, has to be built upon more realistic behavioural assumptions. As such an assumption, the Misesian human action concept is proposed, whose main advantage is that — as an integrated action — it encompasses both the calculative and the entrepreneurial elements in human behaviour. Four dimensions are established, the first three (core, market, entrepreneurial dimensions) represent the essential components of content for the understanding of the firm, and the fourth one (time dimension) makes it possible to consider the firm as something operating in real time. It is also shown how these dimensions are interconnected.
Currency crises in transition economies: An empirical analysis
Authors: Chionis D. , Liargovas P.
Published: August 2004

This paper examines the causes of turbulence in foreign exchange markets by looking closely at the experience of four transition economies (Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine). It considers the influence of macroeconomic variables in currency crises occurrence through the use of logit models. In an environment of deteriorating fundamentals the examined issue is whether or not some fundamentals are able to maximise the likelihood of currency crisis incidence.
An early mainstream economist from Hungary: István Varga (1897–1962)
Authors: Majoros K.
Published: August 2004

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught.

István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature.

After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.
Opening the capital account of developing countries: Some policy issues
Authors: Daianu D. , Vranceanu R.
Published: August 2004

In the late eighties, many developing countries followed the example of the most advanced countries and opened their capital account (K.A.) in an attempt to reap new gains from increased integration with the world economy. Currently, after the wave of financial and currency crises that hurt the global economy over the last decade, enthusiasm about K.A. liberalization has greatly faded. First, the relationship between development and capital account liberalization did not come out to be as solid as initially expected; second, the greater capital mobility has brought about new forms of financial instability. This paper points to some risks that might be associated with undifferentiated deregulation of international movements of capital in connection with developing economies. It argues in favor of proper sequencing: liberalization should proceed in parallel with progress when it comes to macroeconomic stability, building market competition and the creation of a sound, internal financial system. A separate section analyzes this issue in the special context of transition economies.
What has the state got to do with the venture capital market?
Authors: Karsai J.
Published: August 2004

Since the development of young companies with a good growth potential can also be expected to boost economic growth, reduce unemployment and enhance competitiveness, economic policy makers consider it a matter of prime importance that the venture capital industry provide appropriate capital supply for their development. Many countries implement central programmes to promote the venture capital financing of the development of enterprises that would have no access to venture capital on a purely market basis. The experience in Hungary is that state intervention in the venture capital industry mainly has political reasons, it uses budgetary sources sparingly and it is isolated from the private sector. But for its almost complete inefficiency, state activity would have softened the conditions of competition, crowded out the private sector and given preferential treatment to the political clientele. Realizing the abortive nature of its intervention, the state made no effort to identify the causes of failure and the role of supply and demand factors, respectively, hindering the venture capital supply of the small and medium-size enterprise (SME) sector. The intervention practice chosen by the state most recently is contrary to the practice of the European Union in several respects — a circumstance dooming government measures to boost the venture capital industry to failure again.
Economic bases of international mechanisms on climate change
Authors: Siskos E.
Published: August 2004

Neither the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change nor the Kyoto Protocol nor other international agreements aiming at the establishment of legal and economic — and also sustainable — world development mechanisms seeking to achieve a harmony between economic growth and preservation of the environment have led to any reduction in annual increases of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

This is due, to a considerable extent, to the initially non-complete principles of evaluation regarding the different responsibilities of countries in connection with atmosphere pollution. The aforementioned principles are based on total emissions volumes. However, what might be seen as more justified in any estimation of permissible pollution levels is, within potential international trading of volume quotas for the rights to carbon dioxide emissions, an account of the intensity of pollution per square kilometer of surface area and the absorption potential of forests and other green plantations present in every country.
Reform in the Rail and Electricity sectors in Russia: Restructuring, Competition and the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy
Authors: Pittman R.
Published: August 2004

The Russian Federation is in the process of making major structural changes to its railway and electricity sectors. Both sectors will be at least partly vertically disintegrated, with the aim of creating competition in the “upstream” sector while maintaining state ownership and control of the monopoly “grid”. This paper examines the details of reform and restructuring in the context of the international experience with reform and restructuring in these two sectors, and considers the role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy in reform, both in the past as an “advocate for competition” within the government, and in the future as the guarantor of non-discriminatory access to the grids by non-integrated upstream producers.
Product, Money, and Foreign Exchange Market Disequilibria and Inflation in Uzbekistan During the Period 1994-2000
Authors: Ranaweera T.
Published: August 2004

In this study a macroeconomic framework is developed and applied ascertaining the influence of domestic disequilibria and external shocks on inflation dynamics in Uzbekistan. Using quarterly data for the period 1994:Q1 to 2000:Q3, several long-run relationships are estimated for goods, money, and foreign exchange markets of Uzbekistan, which are characterised by multiple exchange rates, import restrictions, and other domestic administrative controls. The empirical estimates, which use error-correction mechanisms for different markets, show that domestic monetary and output developments, and changes in the official exchange rate vis-à-vis the parallel market rate have had a significant influence on the short-run behaviour of the foreign exchange market in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, disequilibria in the product and money markets are the major forces driving short-run inflation dynamics. It should be noted that the study has been constrained by both the quantity and the quality of quarterly data available on the Uzbek economy.
The Dynamics of Hungarian Agri-Food Trade Patterns in the EU
Authors: Fertő I.
Published: August 2004

The evolving pattern of Hungary's agri-food trade is analysed using recently developed empirical procedures based on the classic Balassa index and its symmetric transformation. The extent of trade specialisation exhibits a declining trend; Hungary has lost comparative advantage for a number of product groups over time. The indices of specialisation have also tended to converge. For particular product groups, the indices display a less persistent pattern. They are stable for product groups with comparative disadvantage, but product groups with weak to strong comparative advantage show significant variation. The results reinforce the finding of a general decrease in specialisation, but do not support the idea of self-reinforcing mechanisms, emphasised strongly in much of the endogenous growth and trade literature.
East-West Conference
Authors: Barisitz Stephan , Dvorsky Sandra , Fidrmuc Jarko , Freytag Andreas , Reitschuler Gerhard , Schardax Franz , Silgoner Maria
Published: August 2004

[East-West Conference of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) took place from the 3rd to the 5th of November 2002 in Vienna and covered the topic Structural Challenges and the Search for an Adequate Policy Mix in the EU and in Central and Eastern Europe.]
Book Reviews
Authors: Csaba László , Sergi Bruno S. , Fridberga Kristine
Published: August 2004

Szentes, Tamás: World Economics. Comparative Theories and Methods of International and Development Economics (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2002, 462 pp.) Kozlov, Vladimir A. (ed. by E. McClarnand MacKinnon):  Mass Uprisings in the USSR: Protest and Rebellion in the Post-Stalin Years (New York: Armonk and London: M. E. Sharpe, 2002, 351 pp.) Gilpin, Robert: Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001, 423 pp.)
The von Neumann Model and the Early Models of General Equilibrium
Authors: Zalai Ernő
Published: August 2004

The paper reconstructs the von Neumann model, comments on its salient features and critically reviews some of its generalisations. The issues related to thetreatment of consumption, decomposability and uniqueness of the rate of growth and interest will be especially scrutinised. The most prominent models of general equilibrium that appeared before or roughly at the same time as von Neumann's model will be also reviewed in the paper and compared with it. It will be demonstrated that none of them had any noticeable influence on von Neumann's model, which is genuinely distinct, ideologically free and methodologically fresh and forward-looking. It will be argued that the model can be viewed as a brilliant mathematical metaphor of some deep-rooted old vision, pertaining to the core issues of commodity production.
Von Neumann, the Classical Economists and Arrow-Debreu
Authors: Kurz Heinz D. , Salvadori Neri
Published: August 2004

The paper compares the von Neumann model with the approach to the theory of value and distribution of the classical economists on the one hand and that of the neoclassical economists on the other. It is shown that all salient features of the von Neumann model are classical in spirit: its long-period method; its analytical structure revolving around the concept of the surplus product, the latter's appropriation in the form of interest and its use for the purpose of accumulation; and its constitutive aspects. While the von Neumann model focuses attention exclusively on the problem of reproducibility, in neoclassical theory the problem of scarcity assumes centre stage of the analysis. The paper concludes with a remark on a proposition by Arrow and Debreu in their seminal 1954 paper. They contended that their assumption, according to which each and every agent is possessed of an endowment of goods such that he or she can survive under any circumstances whatsoever plays the same role as von Neumann's assumption that each and every commodity enters or exits each and every process of production. It is argued that this proposition cannot be sustained.
The Implicit Dynamics of the von Neumann Growth Model
Authors: Bródy András
Published: August 2004

Von Neumann proved the theoretical existence of economic equilibrium. His assumptions explain also how and why cycles are generated. Two features of the model, reflecting the operation of the market, trigger these. The first feature is a non-focal equilibrium that takes place at a saddle-point, maximizing production while minimizing the rate of interest or monetary gain. The second is the inevitability of cross-regulation. Surplus gain boosts production while excess supply curbs prices.
Conference Reports
Authors: Pelle Anita , Vicze Gábor
Published: August 2004

Von Neumann's Centenary Scientific Memorial Session; Conference report on the workshop convened in Budapest on 15 November 2003 to commemorate John von Neumann's contributions to economics; From Here and From There: New and Old Members' Perception on EU Enlargement; Report on the joint workshop of Hungarian and Holland economists on EU-enlargement at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands in September 2003.
Book Reviews
Authors: Török Ádám , Deli Zsuzsa , Sebrek Szabolcs
Published: August 2004

Barta, Györgyi: A magyar ipar területi folyamatai 1945-2000 (Regional Processes of Hungarian Industry 1945-2000) (Budapest-Pécs: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 2002, Studia Regiorum, 272 pp.), reviewed by Ádám Török; Lembke, Johan: Competition for Technological Leadership. EU Policy for High Technology (Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2002, 311 pp.), reviewed by Zsuzsa Deli; Grawe, Roger -Inotai, András (eds): Trade, Integration and Transition. International Conference in Memoriam Bela Balassa (Budapest: Institute for World Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2002, 214 pp.), reviewed by Szabolcs Sebrek;
On the independence theorem of related structures for modular (arguesian) lattices
Authors: Grätzer G. , Schmidt E. T.
Published: August 2004

LetDbe a finite distributive lattice with more than one element and letGbe a finite group. We prove that there exists a modular (arguesian) lattice M such that the congruence lattice ofMis isomorphic toDand the automorphism group ofMis isomorphic toG.
On C-sequences of operators
Authors: Wang B.
Published: August 2004

Invariant results are established for a considerably general multiplier convergence of operator series where the operators are defined on arbitrary topological vector spaces and valued in arbitrary locally convex spaces.
Local edge and local node connectivity in regular graphs
Authors: Fülöp O.
Published: August 2004

W. Mader [5] proved that every undirected graph (multiple edges are allowed but loops not) contains adjacent nodes x and y joined by min (d(x),dG(y))G edge-disjoint paths and in every undirected simple graph there are two adjacent nodes x and y joined by min (d(x),dG(y) Ginternally node-disjoint paths. In general it is not possible to fix x (or y) arbitrarily. The purpose of this paper is to provide conditions for the existence of a node x in d-regular graphs such that for all y joined to x there are d pairwise edge-disjoint (node-disjoint) paths between x and y. We also examine the directed version in case of local edge connectivity.
Invariant subspaces of p-adic Hilbert spaces
Authors: Elek G. , Szabó E.
Published: August 2004

In this paper we study the invariant subspaces of p-adic Hilbert spaces. We show some fundamental differences between the complex case and the p-adic case.
Remarks on γ-rarophile spaces
Authors: Császár Á.
Published: August 2004

The author adds some useful remarks to the former paper.
On the number of distinct radii of circles determined by triples and on parameters of other curves
Authors: Elekes G.
Published: August 2004

We study the following problem of A. Balog: in the Euclidean plane, if n points are neither all on a circle nor all collinear, then how few distinct radii can occur among the circumcircles of the triples? It will be shown that the order of magnitude of the quantity in question is linear in n. We also exhibit a similar lower bound for r-parametric families of curves and for almost arbitrary (but not „irrelevant”) parameters.
Almost regular matrices for double sequences
Authors:   Mursaleen, Savaş E.
Published: August 2004

In this paper we define and characterize the almost regular matrices for double sequences and further we apply these matrices to establish a core theorem.
A joint functional law for the Wiener process and principal value
Authors: Csáki E. , Földes A. , Shi Z.
Published: August 2004

We present a joint functional iterated logarithm law for the Wiener process and the principal value of its local times.
On the covering radius of small codes
Authors: Kéri G. , Östergård P. R. J.
Published: August 2004

The minimum number of codewords in a code with t ternary and b binary coordinates and covering radius R is denoted by K(t,b,R). In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for K(t,b,R)=M are given for all M = 5. By the help of generalized s-surjective codes, we develop new methods for finding bounds for K(t,b,R). These results are used to prove the equality K(9,0,5)=6 as well as some new lower bounds such as K(2,7,3) =7,  K(3,6,3)=8,  K(5,3,3)=8, and K(9,0,4)=9. Some bounds for (nonmixed) quaternary codes are also obtained.
A quasi-uniform characterization of Wallman type compactifications
Authors: Romaguera S. , Sánchez-Granero M. A.
Published: August 2004

A *-compactification of aT1quasi-uniform space (X,U) is a compactT1quasi-uniform space (Y,V) that has aT(V*)-dense subspace quasi-isomorphic to (X,U), whereV* denotes the coarsest uniformity finer thanV.In this paper we characterize all Wallman type compactifications of aT1topological space in terms of the *-compactification of its point symmetric totally bounded transitive compatible quasi-uniformities. We deduce that the *-compactification of the Pervin quasi-uniformity of any normalT1topological spaceXis exactly the Stone-Cech compactification ofX. We also obtain a characterization of those Hausdorff compactifications of a given space, which are of Wallman type.
Injective modules over Mori domains
Authors: Fuchs L.
Published: August 2004

Injective modules are considered over commutative domains. It is shown that every injective module admits a decomposition into two summands, where one of the summands contains an essential submodule whose elements have divisorial annihilator ideals, while the other summand contains no element with divisorial annihilator. In the special case of Mori domains (i.e., the divisorial ideals satisfy the maximum condition), the first summand is a direct sum of a S-injective module and a module that has no such summand. The former is a direct sum of indecomposable injectives, while the latter is the injective hull of such a direct sum. Those Mori domains R are characterized for which the injective hull of Q/R is S-injective (Q denotes the field of quotients of R) as strong Mori domains, correcting a false claim in the literature.
Symmetriegruppen und fundamentale Pflasterungen der Fläche vom Geschlecht -3. I. Maximale Gruppen mit Sechseckbereichen
Authors: Stettner E.
Published: August 2004

For the non-orientable compact surface of genus 3 all the possible (discontinuous) groups of its symmetries will be given. In this first part of the paper the 8 hexagonal fundamental domains have been discussed for determining the maximal symmetry groups in a combinatorial way. The computer classification of the 65 unfoldings of the -3-surface in the former work [15] by the author will be the basic tool.
Asymptotic constants for multivariate Bernstein polynomials
Authors: Máthé P.
Published: August 2004

We study the rate of convergence of multivariate Bernstein polynomials on the class of Hölder continuous functions. Using a proper probabilistic representation we are able to derive the asymptotic constant.
Almost empty polygons
Authors: Nyklová H.
Published: August 2004

In this paper we study a problem related to the classical Erdos--Szekeres Theorem on finding points in convex position in planar point sets. We study for which n and k there exists a number h(n,k) such that in every planar point set X of size h(n,k) or larger, no three points on a line, we can find n points forming a vertex set of a convex n-gon with at most k points of X in its interior. Recall that h(n,0) does not exist for n = 7 by a result of Horton. In this paper we prove the following results. First, using Horton's construction with no empty 7-gon we obtain that h(n,k) does not exist for k = 2(n+6)/4-n-3. Then we give some exact results for convex hexagons: every point set containing a convex hexagon contains a convex hexagon with at most seven points inside it, and any such set of at least 19 points contains a convex hexagon with at most five points inside it.
Topological inner invariant means
Authors: Memarbashi R. , Riazi A.
Published: August 2004

For a locally compact group G, we investigate topological inner invariant means on L8(G) and its subspaces. In particular, we characterize strict inner amenability of L1(G) to study the relation between this notion and strict inner amenability of G.
Few sums, many products
Authors: Elekes Gy. György , Ruzsa Imre Z.
Published: August 2004

Let A be a set of n real numbers such that the number of distinct twofold sums is a n. We show that the number of twofold products is = c n2/ (a4 log n), and the number of quotients is = c n2/ min (a6, a4 log n) with some absolute constant c. For bounded a this gives the correct order of magnitude for the quotients. For sums we think that the correct order is n2/ (log n)a with some a<1, perhaps with 2 log 2 -1, as a result of Pomerance and Sárközy suggests. We also give more general inequalities for sums, products and quotients formed with different sets. The proofs use geometric tools, mainly the Szemerédi-Trotter inequality.
Statistical approximation by generalized Meyer-König and Zeller type operators
Authors: Doğru O. , Duman O. , Orhan C.
Published: August 2004

In the present paper, we study a Kantorovich type generalization of Agratini's operators. Using A-statistical convergence, we will give the approximation properties of Agratini's operators and their Kantorovich type generalizations. We also give the rates of A-statistical convergence of these operators.
Surfaces with affine rotational symmetry and flat affine metric in R3
Authors: Manhart F.
Published: August 2004

We give a classification of affine rotation surfaces in affine 3-space with flat affine metric.
Arrangements of 14, 15, 16 and 17 points on a sphere
Authors: Böröczky Károly , Szabó László
Published: August 2004

Let ak denote the maximum number with the property that one can place k points on the unit sphere S2 so that the spherical distance between any two different points is at least ak. The exact value of ak is determined only for some small values of k, namely, for k = 12 and k=24. In this paper we give new upper bounds on ak for k=14,15,16,17.
On categorical equivalence of finite algebras generating arithmetical varieties
Authors: Kaarli Kalle
Published: August 2004

This paper gives a complete characterization, up to categorical equivalence, and up to term equivalence, of finite algebras that have no proper subalgebras, have no isomorphic quotients, and generate arithmetical varieties.
Strongly almost summable difference sequences of order m defined by a modulus
Authors: Et Mikail
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the space of sequences that are ?r-strongly almost summable with respect to a modulus function. We give some relations related to these sequence spaces. We also show that the space s(?r)of  ?r-almost statistically convergent sequences may be represented as a [c,f] (?r)space.
The New Role of Private Investment in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Cutler David M. , Song Zirui
Published: February 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the good and bad of innovation in health care delivery, tax policy, an escrow account for failure, and state monitoring.