bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haematological Malignancy Presenting in an Unusual Manner
Authors: Yadav Ponvijaya Muthuswamy , Parati Rupesh Shivkumar , Gokhale Vijayashree S , Mehta Keyuri , Gurbani Chirag
Published: September 2022

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a haematological malignancy that occurs due to an increased proliferation of mature B lymphocytes. It is considered to be the most common leukaemia in adults. Hyponatremia is commonly seen in such patients. This case report is about a 75-year-old male, who presented with giddiness, followed by altered sensorium. However, the patient had no motor weakness or sensory loss. Initially, a diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke was made but Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain did not show associated signs. The routine investigations showed highly elevated total leukocyte count and hyponatremia. The patient was worked up for malignancy and diagnosed with Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncology reference was taken and treated with tablet Ibrutinib. On discharge, the patient’s mentation improved, and he is on regular follow-up.
Correlation Between Degree of Desaturation and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Soori Rashmi , Hosmane Giridhar Belur , D’sa Ivor
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is major Non Communicable Disease (NCD) which is becoming very common worldwide. The OSA results in day time hypersomnolence, nocturnal hypoxia and snoring. Repeated desaturation events during sleep results in aerobic metabolism at tissue level changing to anaerobic metabolism, which results in cellular inflammation and insulin resistance further complicating metabolic syndrome. Aim: To study correlation between degree of desaturation and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pulmonary medicine at KS Hegde Medical Academy (tertiary care hospital), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, from March 2018 to February 2021. Total 54 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography and diagnosed to have OSA were included in the study. The minimum recorded oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) defined as maximum desaturation was noted. Relative desaturation was defined as drop in saturation by 3% or more from the pre-event baseline. Correlation between total number of relative desaturation and Apnoea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was analysed. The correlation between two variables were analysed by Pearson’s correlation and the coefficient was calculated. The p-value was calculated by regression analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Total of 54 patients was included in the study. Out of which, 22 were mild, 14 moderate and 18 severe OSA respectively. Number of relative desaturations recorded was from 0 to 636. The correlation between AHI and mean SpO2 in sleep was r-value=-0.4542 (p-value=0.001) and the correlation between AHI and minimum SpO2 was r-value=-0.45577 (p-value=0.001) respectively. Correlation between mean SpO2 and minimum SpO2 was r-value=0.747266 (p-value<0.001) and the correlation between AHI and relative desaturation was r-value=0.876698 (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: As the severity of the obstructive sleep apnoea worsened, there was greater degree of desaturation in sleep and the lowest SpO2 was also observed during severe obstructive sleep apnoea.
Referral Pattern of Inpatients to Psychiatry Department and the Diagnostic Concordance between the Referral Departments and Psychiatry Team- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Selvamani Iniyan , Sasidharan Aswin , Sree B Haritha , Rekha B Minu , Dondapati Sumedha
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The referral of inpatients to psychiatry team is more in India due to the increase in the morbidity rates of people. The referrals to Psychiatric Department with a specific psychiatric diagnosis are considerably very low. Most often, the diagnosis made by the clinicians doesn’t match with that of the psychiatrist. Physical illness is shown to have a strong association with psychiatric co-morbidity. Such association complicates the course and outcome of both the conditions. Aim: To evaluate the pattern of inpatient referral to the Psychiatric Department and to estimate the diagnostic concordance between the referral and psychiatric team. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study, with prior permission from the Department of psychiatry, included all the inpatient referrals (n=310) to Psychiatry Department by other departments from January 2019 to December 2019. Data collection was done from March 2020 to August 2020 and data analysis from September 2020 to November 2020, in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Data was obtained from a psychiatry referral register and was statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel (MS Office 2013) for percentage, mean and Standard Deviation (SD) for descriptive variables. Diagnostic concordance to assess the reason for referral and diagnostic accuracy in terms of reason of referral and psychiatric diagnosis was analysed using kappa statistics. Results: The most common psychiatric disorder for referral was alcohol dependence syndrome (n=102, 32.9%) followed by depression (n=38, 12.3%) and adjustment disorders (n=34, 10.9 %). Concordance was good for intellectual disorder (κ=1.00), depression (κ=0.969) and alcohol dependence syndrome (κ=0.963). Very low concordance was observed in diagnosing acute confusional state (κ=0.195) and panic disorder (κ =0). Conclusion: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, adjustment disorder and depression were the most common reasons in referring inpatients to psychiatry. Lower concordance for psychiatric disorders like Acute confusional state and Panic disorder could be explained by inadequate psychiatry exposure and hence be improved by better undergraduate psychiatry training.
Reliability and Validity of Gujarati Version of SARC-F Tool Used as Screening of Sarcopenia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Trivedi Kairavi , Khatri Subhash
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a disease which causes gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical capability of one’s health mainly seen in older age. Early detection of sarcopenia and good treatment with proper diet should be necessary to prevent it. Strength, Assistance in Walking, Rise from chair, Climbing stairs, Falls (SARC-F) is the English questionnaire used for early screening of sarcopenia. SARC-F questionnaire contains five components. It was recognised as the most up-todate and coherent screening tool for screening the sarcopenia. Aim: To translate and validate the Gujarati version of SARC-F questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nootan College of Physiotherapy, Visnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India between the 1st week of May to 1st week of June 2022 to translate the English origin SARC-F questionnaire in Gujarati language. For validation process, 190 individuals more than 60 years old, both male and female across Ahmedabad with normal cognition, able to walk independently were included in the study. Individuals were asked to complete the translated version of the SARC-F questionnaire over the gap of 48 hours for measuring the test-retest reliability. Face validity and content validity were assessed by the expert committee itself. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in the study in which 87 were males and 103 females. Out of total paricipants 51 (26.84%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The reliability was checked by Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value which was 0.811 suggesting good reliability. Face validity was checked by the team of eight experts. Content validity was assessed with Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value more than 0.75 which suggested good content validity. The Content Validity Index for each item on the scale (I-CVI) value was in the range of 0.84 to 1 that also suggested good content validity at individual item level. Conclusion: The translation process and validation of SARC-F Gujarati questionnaire demonstrated good content validity. The translated Gujarati questionnaire was a simple and reliable tool for diagnosing sarcopenia in daily clinical practice in older individuals.
Educational Progression and Employment Status of Agriculture Post Graduates of Northern SAUs, India
Authors: Gupta Ritu Mittal , Mann Sukhdeep Kaur , Negi Anjali
Published: September 2022

India is an agrarian society. Agriculture and its allied activities act as the main source of livelihood for the rural society in India. Today agriculture education in India is imparted at diploma, Undergraduate, master's, and doctoral levels. The success of any nation depends not only on the number of enrollment for higher education but also on the professional accomplishment of its graduates and postgraduates. Therefore, the present study was planned to study the enrolment and employment status of the agriculture postgraduates of Northern State Agricultural Universities SAUs. Survey questionnaires were developed to collect primary and secondary data to elicit structured responses in quantifiable terms. The questionnaire was mailed to the students who had completed their M.Sc. degrees. The responses of 2457 students were received. Thus, the sample size for the present study was 2457 agriculture postgraduates. The data revealed that during the five years (2010-11 to 2014-15) out of the total admission of 3716 students in the M.Sc. Agriculture program, 91.57% completed their degree while 8 percent dropped out without completion and only 14 % students were admitted through Indian Council of Agricultural Research-All India Entrance Examination for Admission ICAR-AIEEA (UG) in SAUs against 25% reserved seats. As far as educational progression and employment status of agriculture postgraduates were concerned 54% were employed in public and private sectors, 35% were pursuing Ph.D., while the rest 11% had no progression after M.Sc. Thus the majority of the students were engaged in jobs after completing their M. Sc while some of them did not have any progression.
A Study on Personal Demographic Traits of Farmers towards Kisan Call Centre in Ayodhya District of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav Vishal , Doharey R. K. , Meena N. R. , Kumar Manoj , Yadav Preeti
Published: September 2022

India is known as the "Land of Farmers" because agriculture employs the majority of the country's population. The current scenario of farmers' socioeconomic status should be studied in regards to substantial government initiatives to raise the status of both the agricultural sector and the farmers to a commendable level of development. Socio economic condition of farmers have a connection with the level of efficiency and success rates of government projects and initiatives. This study was conducted on 150 farmers reaching out to the Kisan Call Centre of Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh about their queries.
First Case of Covid-19 in Rivers State: A Case Report on the Public Health Response
Authors: Golden Owhonda , Ihuoma Des-Wosu , Chidinma Eze-Emiri , Foster Patrick , Ifeoma Nwadito , Chike Princewill , Utchay Ndidi , Victor Abiikor , Friday Aaron , Godswill Arugu , Maduka Omosive , Adebiyi Obelebara
Published: September 2022

Five days after arrival in Nigeria, a 19-year-old female model called the Public Health Emergency Operation Centre with complaints of fever, cough, sore throat, catarrh, sneezing, and diarrhea. A nasopharyngeal swab Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 on the 26th of March 2020 making her the very first coronavirus (COVID-19) case in Rivers State.  Following the diagnosis, the case was moved to the treatment center. Contact tracing of all possible contacts was conducted; one hundred and five contacts were located and asked to self-isolate for fourteen days. The patient had a relatively mild illness; she was treated and discharged home after two weeks when she had two consecutive negative PCR results.
Improving the Reading Habits of Class III Students Studying at Patshaling Primary School, Tsirang
Authors: Tenzin Tshewang
Published: September 2022

The Reading habit is an essential and important aspect for creating the literate society in this world. It shapes the personality of an individual and helps them to develop the proper thinking methods and create new ideas. At present, due to the influence of the mass media, people do not show much interest in reading books, magazines and journals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to embed and develop the reading habit in the minds of our young children. This study was conducted to assess and determine some appropriate measures and methods to improve the reading habits of Class III students of Patshaling Primary school. Reading habits are best formed at a young impressionable age in school, but once formed it can last one’s lifetime (Green, 2001). The mixed, observational descriptive study of longitudinal design used instruments like observation, diaries and interviews to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. In this paper, the researcher also discussed various methods and benefits in improving reading habits. Findings from this study concluded that the intervention program implemented on 14 students of Class III students could significantly improve the reading habits and develop a positive attitude towards reading. This research comes as the solution to both the teachers and students of lower primary school students who are struggling to improve their reading habits. The study provides some useful insight into developing reading habits and how reading habits can be enhanced to achieve maximum development in our young children.
Barriers to Adapting Water Supply Management to Climate Change in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya
Authors: Odwori Ernest Othieno
Published: September 2022

Water is projected to be the most affected by climate change. Many national and county governments are now developing adaptation policies and plans in response to climate change; however, many factors could stop, delay or divert these adaptation strategies if they are not adequately identified and addressed. Research on adaptation barriers is increasing as the need for climate change adaptation becomes evident, but studies regarding identification and classification of barriers into cartegories and establishing strategies for overcoming such barriers remain limited. This research identified barriers to adapting water supply management to climate change, classified them into cartegories and went ahead to establish strategies for overcoming such barriers in adapting water supply management to climate change in Nzoia River Basin. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and a qualitative technique since major sector players' perspectives are critical in deciding the path of climate change adaptation in the basin. Three counties were randomly selected from Nzoia River Basin for study with Busia representing the lower catchment, Kakamega middle catchment and Trans Nzoia upper catchment. The study was carried out from May, 2017 to September, 2017. Stakeholders were carefully selected and consisted of water and climate change expert decision makers, practitioners, managers, scientists, academia, technology adopters, etc.  Stakeholders were chosen based on their work portfolios or by other respondents' recommendations. Data collection involved questionnaires, in-depth expert-interviews, brainstorming sessions, focus group discussions, field observations and literature review. This study identified and ranked in order of priority the barrier clusters/cartegories for adapting water supply management to climate change in Nzoia River Basin as: Institutional and governance; Resources and funding; Leadership; Politics; Adaptation options/process; Science; Understanding; Technology/structural; Expertise; Attitudes, values and motivations of actors; Communication; and  Personality issues. Individual barriers are seen to be highly interconnected and interdependent, allowing for the discovery of leverage areas for actions to maximize barrier elimination. This study provides valuable information for the national and county governments as they strive to develop climate change adaptation policies and plans in the basin.
An Improved Model for Node Discovery using Election Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Idowu Ifedotun Roseline , Okewale Kayode , Ngomsi Rodrigue
Published: September 2022

Mobile wireless devices are constrained based on resources. Computation offloading provides a unique method for taking advantage of multiple mobile wireless devices to save energy and increase performance of these devices. In order to build a robust serious   solution for a mobile wireless sensor network. There must be a scheme to ensure that the resources of the mobile wireless sensor network is managed adequately. However, computational offloading scheme was proposed by researchers. But this solution was dependent on a super node which manages the offloading process and is required to be online on the network at all time which consume time. The objectives of this study is to create a “broadcast and receive” table that can access a given node at a particular time interval without the need of having a super node online all the time. This method ensures that as nodes enter the network, they announce their resources which is then saved in the table. This information is updated at a given time interval by a monitoring service. When a node is to be removed from the network, the details of the resources of the node is removed from the table. The focus of the study is to evaluate the resource aware of node discovery in wireless sensor network.
Social Media Platforms Usage for Learning and Library Services in Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar
Authors: Miraji Minar Mzee , Salim Adilu
Published: September 2022

This study aimed at examining the usage of social media platforms used on learning and library services in Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar. The Study specifically focused on five (5) social media platforms at three selected universities located in Zanzibar. The study involved three research questions. The first question was saying about what are the types of social media platforms used on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? The second question said what are the uses of social media platforms used on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? And the third question said that what are the challenges facing librarians when social media platforms are used on library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? The methods that were used in the study include both quantitative and qualitative research designs. Questionnaires and interview tools were used for collecting data to the respondents. The combinations of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were employed on library users through questionnaires and interviews would take with librarians. The result of this study showed that social media platforms are very well known by the respondents and daily used in their studies. Also, social media are effectively used in most academic libraries to support education progress and most of the respondents prefer using social media in their studies because of Sharing knowledge that involves learning, understanding, extending, and repeating the information, ideas, views, and the resources among persons, connected on a specific ground. The result presented that the availability of social media platforms in the academic library has totally changed the image of the library in terms of delivering the services to the users from the librarians who use social media for reference purposes as a result of having a high number of users on using library through knowledge sharing. The result of the study showed that Poor knowledge of managing and using electronic records and Poor support from the management are the great challenges facing libraries in operating social media platforms on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in higher institutions in Zanzibar as a result of failing to reach many audiences. The study concluded that Social media provide more chances for interaction, connection, sharing, and communication with library users in the library. Librarians could use social media to market their services and resources using different platforms.
Choosing between Traditional Policing and Community-oriented Policing in the Quest for Peace and Security among Slum Dwellers in Lira City, Northern Uganda
Authors: Opio Maxwell , Chono-Oryang Alex , Mwesigwa David
Published: September 2022

Peace and security in urban centres remains key to their growth and development; however, slum areas remain dented with numerous aspects of insecurity. While a number of models have been sought, none has drawn a comparisons.  This study compares two models of community policing in the quest to enhance peace and security among slum dwellers in Lira City. A qualitative approach was used with a case study research design and personal interviews were used to collect information from participants. While the study established that COP appear to yield more benefits than the traditional model, a combination of both can strengthen efforts to enhance peace and security seeing that majority of the dwellers. It is encouraged that continuous training be offered to key stakeholders so that community policing is treated as key issue of peace and security.
On Some Generalized Number Theoretic Functions and Ighachane-Akkouchi Holder's Inequalities
Authors: Atale Omprakash
Published: September 2022

Aims/ Objectives: Recently, it has been shown by Ighachane and Akkouchi [1] that using binomial coefficients, one can derive some new refinements of Holder’s inequalities. This inequalities then can be applied to a wide class of special functions such as the Nielsen’s beta function and some extended gamma functions. In this paper, we have derived some generalizations of previously known number theoretic functions. Furthermore, based on the results of Ighachane and Akkouchi, Holder’s inequalities for the derived generalized functions are established.
Effect of NAA and GA3 on Fruit Yield and Yield Attributary Traits in Phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis D.C.) cv. Sharbati
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Kumar Deepak , Gangwar Vishal , Pal Om , Veersain . , Kumar Avdhesh , Dwivedi A. K.
Published: September 2022

The experiment included four levels of NAA, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm, and four levels of GA3, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm, administered topically and evaluated in comparison to a control (water spray). The measurements of several parameters, such as fruit set, fruit size, fruit volume, fruit weight of 100 fruits, fruit yield per plant, and fruit yield per hectare, were made. According to the experiment, GA3 at 40 ppm enhanced fruit set, size, weight, and volume of the fruits, yield. Combining NAA+GA3 proved effective in improving the fruit set, fruit size, yield, and quality characteristics of phalsa fruits. For higher returns in the agro-climatic conditions of Central Uttar Pradesh, phalsa growers may be advised to apply these growth regulators.
Modeling Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentration at Three Different Locations of Delhi
Authors: Rakshit Debopam , Roy Arkaprava , Atta Koushik , Adhikary Saju , Vishwanath .
Published: September 2022

Aims: To model the concentration variation of PM2.5 and PM10 in selected locations of Delhi.

Study Design: ARFIMA-GARCH model.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted by using daily (24 hour interval) data of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration from three air quality monitoring stations of Delhi namely, Narela, Okhla Phase II and Pusa.

Methodology: The ARFIMA model is applied as the mean model and the GARCH model as the variance model.

Results: The selected series are stationary and exhibit the presence of long memory in the mean structure. Due to the presence of long memory in mean, the ARFIMA model is applied. The residual series have conditional heteroscedasticity. Hence, the GARCH model is applied as a variance model. The fitted models are validated using RMSE, MAE and MAPE.

Conclusion: The concentration variation of PM2.5 and PM10 followed long memory process in mean structure. ARFIMA-GARCH model satisfactorily explained the variation of concentration.
Susceptibility of the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti to Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Nargus Shumaila
Published: September 2022

Objective: Present studies were carried out to examine the susceptibility of larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) from laboratory and field populations of Lahore city against four major groups of commonly used insecticides; Imidacloprid 5% SC, phenyl-pyrazoles* (fipronil 2.5% EC), pyrethroids (Deltamethrin 2.5% SC) and organophosphates (DDVP 50% EC) world health organization standard procedures were observed.

Methods: For laboratory strain, adults and larvae were collected from the Insectary of the National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan. Insecticides of four major groups. Larval bioassays were conducted according to the World Health Organization procedure with minor modifications. Larval mortality was finalized after 48 hours for Deltamethrine, Imidacloprid, DDVP, and 72 hours for Fipronil.

Results: Larval and adult toxicity results were different for wild and laboratory strains exposed to different groups of insecticides. Regression analysis showed non-significant trends in mortality. Imidacloprid proved to be the most toxic to wild larval strains of Ae.aegypti collected from different localities of Lahore while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples.

Conclusion: Deltamethrin showed the least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the field strains was lower than laboratory strains; the ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide.
Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Direct Seeded Puddled Rice in North Eastern Zones of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Suganthi M. , Mynavathy V. S. , Murugan M. , Balasubramaniyam D.
Published: September 2022

The field experiment was conducted at Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal sciences Kattupakkam Tamil Nadu, India during Rabi (Oct-Mar) seasons of 2016-17 to study the effect of different weed management techniques in direct seeded puddled rice variety ADT 43. The experiment was laid out with unpaired t test design. The treatment of chemical weed management technique (pre - emergence application of pretilachlor) was compared with two time manual weed management technique (control) in direct seeded puddled rice. Among the weed management techniques, chemical weed management technique significantly influenced the growth and yield characters and yield of direct seeded puddled rice. The maximum plant height, number of tillers /hill, grain yield, straw yield and cost benefit ratio were recorded under chemical weed management technique during Rabi. The lowest grain yield, straw yield were recorded under control treatment.
Effects of TA41 on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal
Authors: Anju P. , Bahadur Vijay , Deepanshu . , Topno Samir E. , Paul Anupriya
Published: September 2022

An experiment was conducted during 2021 to study the effect of TA41 on growth, yield and quality of brinjal cv. Kashi Sandesh at Vegetable farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP). There were 10 treatments 9 are consisting of different attributes of TA41 and water was used as control. The treatment is spayed at 30 and 45 days after transplanting. All the treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design keeping the plot size 1mx2m. The treatment T6 (soil drenching of TA41 @ 20ml /L + foliar spray 40ml /L) found the best performances. The maximum Plant height (63.67), Number of leaves per plant (59.74), leaf length (36.76 cm), leaf width (26.76cm). days of first flowering (75.85), no of flowers per plant (20.81), fruit length (8.05cm), fruit width(39.74mm), no of fruits per plant (17.22), fruit yield per plant (1449.33g), average fresh weight of fruit (151.97g), yield per hectare (805.35q/ha), TSS (5.67 Brix), shelf life of fruits (4.11), fruit borer (8.67%), leaf miner (1.00%), little leaf (1.00%), Phomopsis blight (8.33%). The significantly higher gross return (Rs 805350/ha), net profit (Rs 649760/ha) and B:C ratio (5.17) was recorded under T6 (soil drenching of TA41 @ 20ml /L + foliar spray 40ml /L. Overall results revealed that the application of TA41as soil drenching of TA41 @ 20ml /L + foliar spray 40ml /L proved to be better for different growth, yield and quality traits in brinjal.
Status of Livelihood Security of Dairy Households in Bundelkhand: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Gautam Pawan Kumar , Jha Sujeet Kumar
Published: September 2022

Livestock is an integral part of Indian agriculture. Livestock will continue to play a key role in farming system even in the future. The present study was conducted in Bundelkhand region during 2018-19 to 2020-21 to find out the contribution of livestock to livelihood of dairy farmers of the region. Two districts for each state selected, then, two blocks from each district were selected randomly. Two villages from each block and 20 respondents from each village were randomly selected; thus, making the total sample size of 320 respondents for the study. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used for comparative analysis of livelihood security indicators for different category of farmers. Based on existing livelihood activities, the majority of the respondents in each category of farmer depend on farming for their livelihood followed by livestock rearing. Dominant livestock system pursued by marginal farmers was Buffalo+ Goat+ Sheep. Dominant livestock system pursued by small farmers was Buffalo+ Goat. Dominant livestock system pursued by semi-medium, medium and large farmers was cattle+ Buffalo. The results revealed that for more than 55 percent of the household’s income from livestock was the major contributor to gross income accounting for more than 50 percent of the gross income. In case of economic and social security, Small and semi-medium farmers were not significantly different, whereas, marginal, medium and large farmers were significantly different at the 5 percent level of significance. Small, semi-medium and medium farmers were not significantly different, whereas, marginal and large farmers were significantly different based on health, institutional and overall livelihood security at the 5 percent level of significance.
Identification of the Main Dishes Made from the Pulp of Tomi (Tamarindus indica L) Consumed in the Savannah Region of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jacqueline Konan Gbè Aya , Daouda Nimaga , Nestor Kouassi Kouakou , Denis N’dri Yao , Georges Amani N’Guessan
Published: September 2022

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae family and the subfamily Caesalpinioidae that is often found in arid regions. The various parts of this tree are of great interest to rural African populations. The pulp of its fruit is used for the preparation of cold drinks or in the composition of several other foods. However, no study in Côte d'Ivoire has yet focused on these foods, only the juices or nectars of this wild fruit tree have been studied. Thus, a survey was conducted in the localities of Korhogo, Séguéla and Bouna with 135 people per locality in order to identify these foods, and then to determine their modes, forms, frequency of consumption and their processes. The survey revealed that most of consumers are without level of education (78.51%), Ivorian (84.94%) and married (80.99%). The places of supply of tomi are often the field (65.18%-71.64%) than the market (32.84-41.67%) and in its pod form (65.93-73.13%). People use pods and pulp to make 10 tomi-based foods with a meal/drink ratio of 7:3. This fruit is consumed by rural populations for health needs, for its taste and for the color it gives to dishes. The frequency of consumption varies from 0 to 3 times per month and the Sougé-baca appears as the most known and consumed food with a percentage of knowledge of 74.07 and a frequency of consumption of 3 times per month. Sougé-baca is a meal more consumed at breakfast and at the Muslim jêun break. The production diagram of Bacacrou (Sougé-baca, Badégé-baca, Manou-baca and Sougé ni manou-baca) vary according the practices of the three localities.
Role of Management in Organizational Performance a Study of Tanzania Railways in Morogoro Region
Authors: Kisanga David , Wandela Eugenia
Published: September 2022

Organizations perform various activities to establish and accomplish their organizational objectives. The aim of this study was to find out the role of management in organizational performance. The study is based on the following objectives: to find out whether workers’ motivation influences organizational performance in Morogoro Railway Station, and to determine whether effective communication can influence organizational performance. The study used a survey design because it allows the researcher to use a representative sample from the population. The sample size of the study was 40 respondents. In this report both quantitative and qualitative data methods were used. The findings show that Cooperation among workers was 85.7%, followed by 89.5% where Communication strategies introduced in Tanzania Railways Corporation will be successful 89.5% and 66.7% of staff seem to work as a team while 66.7% have great significant toward organizational performance.

Finally, the Government should continue to revamp Tanzania Railways Corporation in order to cater services in a wide range and nearby countries and, recruit more employees for efficiency job performance. On the other hand, employees should be committed to accomplish their daily routine activities, utilize time effectively for the success of the organization, and Management should continue providing information to employees in order to make them aware of what is going on.
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Frontline Healthcare Workers in the Northern Regions of Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Abukari , Adam Yussif Hamdam , Salifu Hussein , Gabriel Nyamekye
Published: September 2022

Aims: This study psychological impact of COVID-19 on Frontline Healthcare Workers (FHW) in the Northern Regions of Ghana in their pursuit of the frontline duties during the COVID-19 pandemic.  The study also evaluated the determinants of psychological factors influencing the burden levels among FHW.

Study Design: Frontline healthcare workers (FHW) were recruited in this study through the online survey method of data collection.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in five Regions of Ghana, namely Northern, Savannah, North East, Upper East and Upper West region. Data collection spanned a period of four weeks.

Methodology: A total of 120 frontline health personnel working out in five Regions of Ghana (Northern, Savannah, North East, Upper East and Upper West region) participated in the study. The study was conducted with the diagnostic survey method, using  Zarit burden interview scale and a questionnaire of our authorship.

Results: The results revealed that 85% of FHW experienced more than average amount of burden whiles 60% of them suffered severe burden of care levels in pursuit of their duties for COVID-19 patients. The results from chi-square test of association between caregivers’ socio-demographic characteristics and severity of burden revealed that gender, marital status, educational qualification and caring for own children were significantly associated with caregiver burden level (P – value < 0.05). Factor analysis results identified seven psychological factors that underlies caregivers of COVID-19 and they were labeled as consequences of care giving on the caregiver; exhaustion and uncertainty; patient’s dependence; moral-guilt; helplessness; compensation and overwhelmed with care giving, which are consistent with prior studies. A multiple regression model results further affirmed that these seven psychological factors were significantly (P – value < 0.05) influencing the burden levels of FHW.

Conclusion: The ability of policy makers to address these experiences of FHW will have positive consequences on the overall containment of the pandemic.
Prevalence, Information & Attitude towards Using Supplements among University Athletes
Authors: Gill Sajjad Ali , Zahid Umer , Abdullah Uzair , Shaheen Mohammad , Naseer Abida , Butt Zafar Iqbal , Zafar Rehan , Adil Rana , Shahid Hira , Arslan Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dietary supplements usage amongst university’s players, in addition to their know-how and players towards sports supplementation. Current study check out the extent of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding using dietary supplements of 100 athletes was administered, which included 88 Males and 12 Females, 20 to 27 years of age from the population of university athletes. The comparison was analyzed by chi-square test to observe the importance of distinction amongst respondents’ notion about the statements of questionnaires. The results calculated through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). The outcomes displayed that maximum of the athletes proven the satisfactory knowledge of dietary supplements and the motives for the usage of them; however the outcome of the study suggested that need of inclusive knowledge of players about supplements and under vigilant management showed improvement of University athletes.
Theranostics Usage of Nano Drug Complexes in Clinical Patientcare
Authors: Nazir Taha , Nazir Saeed Ur Rashid , Riaz Humayun , Shah Pervaiz Akhtar , Sultana Misbah , Munir Safia Sultana , Ubaidullah . , Elmaghrabi Marwa M. , Farooq Umer , Rabi Ishtiaq , Taha Nida
Published: September 2022

The extraordinary expansion in the nanomedicine with the development of new nano drug particles made surprising advancement in diagnosis and treatment. Nano drug complexes have amazing medicinal properties and clinical benefits in health care practice. That allows these to attach, absorb and deliver the nano molecule including RNA, DNA, probes and proteins at desired site in an efficient manner. Certain diagnostic agents are potential used to theranostics purpose in nano drug’s formulation. Additionally the biotransformation technique used to achieve the desired clinical results and/ or pharmacological benefits. The reproducible synthesis of monodispersed nano drug particles play efficient role in healthcare system. Thus, we aimed this study to review the theranostics usage of nano drug complexes in clinical patientcare. The current scientific information used in nano drug particles; non-invasive imaging techniques; and enhanced permeability and retention are tried to incorporate to enhance the credibility of this review article.  The medicinal potential of nano drug complexes can effectively be used with the interventions of modern technologies, image guided drug delivery system, antigen targeted immunotherapy and radio-guided drug distribution for individualized and poly-pharmacy practice.
Biochemical and Serological Tests for People Recovering from COVID-19
Authors: Al-Hadidi Enass Waad , Al-Tobji Mahmoud Abduljabbar
Published: September 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study was to detect some biological and serological factors in COVID-19 recovery patients, as well as their relationships with antibody levels 8 months after infection. Materials and Methods: 92 blood samples were obtained; 67 of them had COVID-19 infections 4 months prior, and 25 blood samples served as control samples. The participants' ages ranged from 17-75 year. Determination levels of immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibodies was carried out on (188) samples of infection over for ages ranging from 15-75 years by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay  (ELISA).

Results: The people under research have 94.03% IgG and 55.22% IgM. Furthermore, the maximum concentration of IgG was seen after 6 months of infection. Aberrant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were found in 20 people at 41.6% after 4 months, in 25 people at 52.08% after 6 months, and in 8 people at 8.33% after 8 months. In contrast, aberrant C- reactive protein (CRP) levels were found in 10.4% of the participants after 4 to 8 months of infection and 12.5% after 6 months, with no significant association between them.

Conclusion: The maximum IgG level was reported 6 months after infection, and the LDH and CRP tests were abnormal 6 months later. On the other hand, 4 months after the infection, both urea and creatinine levels were abnormal, as was the IgG concentration.
Expression profiling and inflammatory activation analysis of high-mobility group box 1 in Schizothorax prenanti
Authors: Chen Defang , Lu Lu , Wang Hong , Peng Shuang , Liu Jiaxi , Zhang Xin , Li Zhiqiong , Huang Xiaoli , Ouyang Ping , Qu Lianshi , Geng Yi
Published: September 2022

Objective

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nuclear protein and participates in the immune response to pathogens in bony fish. In this study, the structure and function of HMGB1 in the cyprinid fish Schizothorax prenanti (SpHMGB1) were investigated.

Methods

The spatial structure of SpHMGB1 was predicted by CPHmodels. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the mRNA of SpHMGB1 in different tissues and Streptococcus agalactiae infection. The macrophage was treated with synthetic SpHMGB1-B box peptide to analyze the inflammatory activity.

Result

Structurally, SpHMGB1 had the conserved A box, B box, and acid tail compared with Zebrafish Danio rerio and mice Mus musculus. SpHMGB1 was universally expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in the middle kidney. In vivo, SpHMGB1 was significantly induced in response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection in the blood and spleen. Synthetic SpHMGB1-B box peptide activated respiratory burst and up-regulated the messenger RNA expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-10, interferon regulatory factor 1, interferon regulatory factor 7, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11-1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11-2, and toll-like receptor 4 in macrophages.

Conclusion

This study suggested that SpHMGB1 participated in the response to bacterial pathogens and that SpHMGB1-B box peptide played an important role in mediating the immune response of S. prenanti.
Three‐level meta‐analysis of the other‐race bias in facial identification
Authors: Lee Jungwon , Penrod Steven D.
Published: September 2022

The current research conducted a three‐level meta‐analysis with a total of 159 journal articles on the other‐race bias in facial identification, which had been published between 1969 and 2021. The effect size analysis yielded moderate pooled effect sizes of the other‐race bias on face identification—people showed higher hit rates and discriminability, lower false alarm rates, and more stringent criteria for own‐race faces than for other‐race faces. Results from the sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis also supported the robustness of the other‐race bias. In moderation analyses, participant race (White vs. non‐White) and retention interval between the study and test phases produced stable moderating effects on estimates of the other‐race bias. Despite an increase in racial diversity for decades in our society, the current meta‐analysis still demonstrated robust effects of the other‐race bias in facial identification, replicating findings from the previous meta‐analyses.
Modulating ZnO Growth Structures for Maximum Power Output of Hybrid Piezo/Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Lim Yen Pei , Koay Jason Soon Chye , Zhao JingTian , Huang ShengLi , Goh Boon Tong , Aw Kean Chin , Chen BingHui , Haw Choon Yian , Gan Wee Chen
Published: September 2022

Hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerators (H‐P/TENGs) are developed to compensate the drawbacks of a single nanogenerator by synergizing high triboelectric output voltage and piezoelectric output current in continuous contact‐separation cycles. In particular, piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely used due to its excellent orientation along the c‐axis and tunable growth structures. Herein, various growth structures of ZnO, unoriented, oriented, and hierarchical structures, are incorporated in H‐P/TENGs, enhancing their power densities from 6 to 17 times. Particularly, oriented ZnO nanorod/PVA (ZnR) achieves a maximum power density of 15.9 W m−2 (≈17‐fold increment compared to pristine PVA). The highly oriented ZnO growth along the c‐axis enables large deformation upon a vertical compression, subsequently generating a large piezoelectric polarization. Moreover, the enhancement mechanism via piezoelectric polarization is elucidated using a modified overlapped electron cloud model supported with Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The polarization of ZnO nanocomposites enlarges the difference in the highest electron energies (ΔE) between the two triboelectric layers, driving more electrons to transfer during contact electrification, thereby enriching their surface charge densities. This study highlights the significance of growth structure control in maximizing the piezoelectric responses of ZnO, consequently improving the output performances of H‐P/TENGs.
3D‐Printable Shape‐Memory Polymers Based on Halogen Bond Interactions
Authors: Meurer Josefine , Kampes Robin H. , Bätz Thomas , Hniopek Julian , Müschke Oswald , Kimmig Julian , Zechel Stefan , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: September 2022

The supramolecular halogen bonding (XB) is utilized for the first time for the preparation of shape‐memory polymers. For this purpose, an iodotriazole‐based bidentate XB donor featuring a methacrylamide is synthesized. Free radical polymerization of the XB donor monomer together with butyl methacrylate, triethylene glycole dimethacrylate, and methacrylic acid results in covalently cross‐linked polymer networks bearing both, halogen bond acceptors and donors, in their side chains. While the reversible halogen bond interactions can act as switching unit, the required stable phase of the shape‐memory polymers is formed by covalent cross‐links. The successful formation of the supramolecular cross‐links is proven via Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the thermal properties are investigated via differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. Thermo‐mechanical analysis reveals excellent shape‐memory abilities with fixity rates above 95% and recovery rates up to 99%. Moreover, it is possible to 3D‐print this kind of material exhibiting the ability to recover its shape within a few seconds at 130 °C.
High‐Entropy Intermetallic PtRhBiSnSb Nanoplates for Highly Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Wen , Luo Shuiping , Sun Mingzi , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhou Yongsheng , Liao Yujia , Tang Min , Fan Xiaokun , Huang Bolong , Quan Zewei
Published: September 2022

The control of multimetallic ensembles at the atomic‐level is challenging, especially for high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) possessing five or more elements. Herein, the one‐pot synthesis of hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) PtRhBiSnSb high‐entropy intermetallic (HEI) nanoplates with intrinsically isolated Pt, Rh, Bi, Sn, and Sb atoms is reported, to boost the electrochemical oxidation of liquid fuels. Taking advantage of these combined five metals, the well‐defined PtRhBiSnSb HEI nanoplates exhibit a remarkable mass activity of 19.529, 15.558, and 7.535 A mg−1Pt+Rh toward the electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol, and glycerol in alkaline electrolytes, respectively, representing a state‐of‐the‐art multifunctional electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation reactions. In particular, the PtRhBiSnSb HEI achieves record‐high methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity in an alkaline environment. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the introduction of the fifth metal Rh enhances the electron‐transfer efficiency in PtRhBiSnSb HEI nanoplates, which contributes to the improved oxidation capability. Meanwhile, robust electronic structures of the active sites are achieved due to the synergistic protections from Bi, Sn, and Sb sites. This work offers significant research advances in developing well‐defined HEA with delicate control over compositions and properties.