bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model zatrudnienia socjalnego a ochrona praw uczestników centrum integracji społecznej
Authors: Kuczyński Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Artykuł porusza kwestię aktualnie przyjętego przez ustawodawcę modelu zatrudnienia socjalnego w ramach ustawy z dnia 13 czerwca 2003 r. o zatrudnieniu socjalnym. Omówione zostały środki prawne mające służyć ochronie interesów kandydatów na uczestników zajęć w Centrum Integracji Społecznej, jak i samych uczestników. Uwaga została również poświęcona Indywidualnemu Programowi Zatrudnienia Socjalnego, którego istota została przedstawiona na tle instytucji umowy administracyjnej.
W poszukiwaniu sowieckiego prototypu X Departamentu MBP
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: March 2024

W 1948 r. w Polsce rozpoczęła się czystka polityczna. Stało się tak na polecenie Stalina z Moskwy. Podobnie działo się w innych krajach będących satelitami Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich. W Polsce czystka objęła lidera partii komunistycznej, czyli pierwszego sekretarza Komitetu Centralnego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej – Władysława Gomułkę, oraz komunistów z Gomułką związanych. W celu dokonania czystki w strukturze Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego powołano specjalny zespół. Zespół ten wkrótce stał się X (Dziesiątym) Departamentem Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego. To X Departament Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego inwigilował działaczy komunistycznych najwyższego szczebla; to on dokonywał ich aresztowań; to funkcjonariusze X Departamentu prowadzili śledztwa, w praktyce oni decydowali o wyrokach. Autor postawił problem naukowy: czy polska struktura – X Departament MBP – była wzorowana na sowieckiej. W tym celu prześledził struktury organów bezpieczeństwa Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich w okresie od 1934 do 1953 r. W szczególności wykorzystał opublikowane wspomnienia jednego z najwyższych funkcjonariuszy sowieckich organów bezpieczeństwa – Pawła Sudopłatowa, a także wspomnienia syna Ławrientija Berii, który był szefem sowieckiej bezpieki przez 15 lat (1938–1953) i drugą osobą po Stalinie. Autor sięgnął także do dzienników generała NKWD Iwana Sierowa, który z polecenia Stalina w latach 1944–1945 dokonał brutalnej pacyfikacji Polski i zorganizował polskie Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego. Wniosek jest taki, że w ZSRR nie było takiej struktury, jak po 1948 r. w Polsce.
Ekspansja zbiorowego prawa pracy na niepracownicze stosunki zatrudnienia
Authors: Piątkowski Jan , Rutkowska Beata
Published: March 2024

Kilka lat temu nastąpiła znacząca ekspansja zbiorowego prawa pracy na niepracownicze stosunki zatrudnienia w zakresie dotyczącym prawa koalicji związkowej. Dla wielu przedstawicieli doktryny prawa pracy już samo rozszerzenie zakresu podmiotowego prawa koalicji upoważnia do przyjęcia, że doszło do zmiany charakteru zbiorowego prawa pracy i co za tym idzie – aktualnie mamy do czynienia ze zbiorowym prawem zatrudnienia. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto polemikę z tym stanowiskiem – przytoczono argumenty przemawiające za ciągle jeszcze pracowniczym charakterem zbiorowego prawa pracy i uzasadniające określanie tego prawa nadal mianem zbiorowego prawa pracy, a nie zbiorowego prawa zatrudnienia.
Relacja pomiędzy prawem własności intelektualnej i sztuką tatuażu
Authors: Reszkowski Mikołaj
Published: March 2024

Tatuaże stają się z roku na rok coraz popularniejsze oraz powszechniej akceptowane. Jednocześnie ze względu na ich trwałość oraz specyfikę „nośnika” tatuażu, tj. ludzkie ciało, ta sztuka (oraz źródło zarobku) wiąże się z szeregiem wątpliwości prawnych, szczególnie w zakresie prawa własności intelektualnej. Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie skupić się na kwestiach tatuaży w relacji z prawem autorskim oraz prawem własności przemysłowej w sferze znaków towarowych. Dodatkowo poczynione będą rozważania dotyczące tematyki zwalczania nieuczciwej konkurencji. Przedstawione wnioski będą bezpośrednio odnosiły się do praktycznych aspektów nanoszenia tatuaży oraz funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się ich nanoszeniem.
A Melancolia como Possibilidade: Fazer do Luto, Luta!
Authors: Gomes Maria Caroline Cardoso
Published: March 2024

O livro “Pandemia e Neoliberalismo: A melancolia contra o novo normal” de Roberto Calazans e Christiane Matozinho, publicado em 2021, surge como um respiro frente a pandemia do novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) e a perspectiva de um novo normal imposto. Isso porque de novo, este velho normal nada apresenta, pelo contrário, tenta rechaçar as formas de se pensar em um novo mundo onde é possível uma vida comum. No decorrer do livro os autores trabalham questões que partem do negacionismo pandêmico, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, e consideram isso como parte de um projeto de extermínio de uma determinada população no Brasil. Além disso, abordam a respeito da epidemia de depressão da qual padece o mundo e sua relação com o modelo econômico neoliberal vigente na atualidade, para então apresentarem a temática central a respeito do novo normal e discutir a melancolia como uma possibilidade de elaboração e eventual criação de novos mundos possíveis.
Práticas de Leituras Compartilhadas em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Coutinho Eliane Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira , Mota Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da , Silva Carmen Lucia Martins da , Andrade Marcos Antônio Ribeiro
Published: March 2024

A leitura compartilhada de livros é uma atividade usual em aulas de crianças pequenas e está relacionada com a expansão do vocabulário nos iniciantes escolares. Estudos demonstram que a forma como os adultos realizam a leitura afeta a expansão do vocabulário. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar as práticas de leitura compartilhada de professoras nas aulas remotas, durante a pandemia, quanto ao trabalho com o vocabulário. Participaram deste estudo nove professoras e seus alunos de cinco e seis anos de idade, matriculados em quatro escolas particulares. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados cinco livros de histórias infantis e um questionário sociodemográfico. As 45 sessões de leitura foram gravadas e transcritas. Todas as perguntas feitas pelas professoras foram computadas e depois classificadas em dois grupos: perguntas que promoviam expansão do vocabulário e as que não promoviam. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que apenas 37% das perguntas formuladas pelas professoras foram feitas para desenvolver o vocabulário (χ² =162, 0 [1], p< 0,001), sugerindo pouca interação no sentido de expandir o vocabulário das crianças. Esperamos levantar questões sobre como as professoras têm trabalhado com os livros de história e ajudar na elaboração de estratégias para desenvolver o vocabulário das crianças.
Mário Jorge, um poeta inquieto: do silêncio ao grito
Authors: Mendonça Katherine de Albuquerque , Andrade Alexandre de Melo
Published: March 2024

Neste texto, investiga-se o fazer poético do escritor sergipano Mário Jorge no que diz respeito aos seus trânsitos literários, partindo do entendimento de que o poeta dialoga com diferentes movimentos artísticos. Assim, a leitura que se faz aqui do autor parte do pressuposto de que seus movimentos poéticos são, na verdade, reflexos da inquietude do sujeito. Nesse sentido, faz-se um recorte de cinco poemas dos livros Cuidado, silêncios soltos (1993) e De repente, há urgência (1997), com o propósito de, mediante análise e interpretação dos textos poéticos, identificar os momentos que definem o percurso de inquietude do poeta, tratando-os como um processo de transição que vai do silêncio ao grito, sem deixar de mencionar as fases de crises e autorreflexões. Partindo, então, desse escopo, o texto contempla de forma simbólica o que representa o silêncio, o grito e a inquietude no sujeito poético, à medida que perpassa pelos trânsitos literários do autor.
Jorge de Lima: itinerários da memória
Authors: Brandão Gilda Vilela
Published: March 2024

Poesia neoparnasiana, modernista, surrealista, hermética, social, católica, são esses os paradigmas críticos atribuídos, de um modo geral, à criação poética de Jorge de Lima (1893-1953). A par de relevantes contribui­ções, procuramos, neste breve artigo, mostrar que, independentemente da multiplicidade de dicções, a fonte inesgotável de sua lírica é a memória. Em diferentes momentos líricos, o memorialismo preenche o espaço do poema, tornando-se, simultaneamente, metalinguagem, alusão, recurso intratextual e intertexto histórico. Matéria de poesia, enfim.
Out with the NVQs, in with the diplomas
Authors: Harris Sarah
Published: March 2024

Training consultant Sarah Harris explains how the NVQs being replaced by diplomas from Januar y 2011 will affect your training and employment.
Recommendations for dementia care services
Authors: Cook Glenda
Published: March 2024

Glenda Cook discusses the Implications of the National Dementia Strategy (England) on service provision in care homes. She discusses the move away from a pharmaceutical management emphasis to the inclusion of other treatments
Accommodating beliefs during the festivities
Authors: Furness Sheila
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on how residents' religion and belief in the care home setting can be approached. Sheila Furness discusses ways of raising the topic and how to set up forums for dialogue
A comparative study of pre-processing methods to improve glioma segmentation performance in brain MRI using deep learning
Authors:   Medical Physics Program, Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, Naknaem Kasatapad , Kaewlek Titipong ,   Medical Physics Program, Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Published: March 2024

Background: Glioma is the most common brain tumor in adult patients and requires accurate treatment. The delineation of tumor boundaries must be accurate and precise, which is crucial for treatment planning. Currently, delineating boundaries for tumors is a tedious, time-consuming task and may be prone to human error among oncologists. Therefore, artificial intelligence plays a vital role in reducing these problems. Objective: This study aims to find a relationship between improving image enhancement and evaluating the performance of deep learning models for segmenting glioma image data on brain MRI images. Materials and methods: The BraTs2023 dataset was used in this study. The image dataset was converted from three dimensions to two dimensions and then subjected to pre-processing via four image enhancement techniques, including contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), gamma correction (GC), non-local mean filter (NLMF), and median and Wiener filter (MWF). Subsequently, it was evaluated for structural similarity index (SSIM) and mean squared error. The deep learning segmentation model was created using the U-Net architecture and assessed for dice similarity coefficient (DSC), accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and Jaccard index for tumor segmentation. Results: The performance of enhanced image results for CLAHE, GC, NLMF, and MWF techniques shows SSIM values of 0.912, 0.905, 0.999, and 0.911, respectively. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for segmentation without image enhancement was 0.817. The DSC of segmentation for CLAHE, GC, NLMF, and MWF techniques were 0.818, 0.812, 0.820, and 0.797, respectively. Conclusion: The enhanced image technique could affect the performance of tumor segmentation. by the enhanced image for use in a trained model may increase or decrease performance depending on the chosen image enhancement technique and the parameters determined by each method.
UMA PROPOSTA DE SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA FORÇAS DISSIPATIVAS COM O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Filho Luiz Carlos , Da Silva Fontes Adriana , Rodrigues dos Santos Oscar , Corci Batista Michel , Coneglian Douglas R.
Published: March 2024

Nosso trabalho tem por objetivo, verificar o potencial pedagógico de uma Sequência Didática sobre a temática força de atrito e força de arrasto, que foi implementada em um colégio da rede pública de ensino da região centro-oeste do Paraná, com o intuito de perceber a motivação dos alunos pelas aulas de Física. Nossa Sequência Didática se pautou numa perspectiva de ensino alicerçada principalmente pelas Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), tais como: Simuladores trabalhados no laboratório de Informática, experimento sobre força de arrasto em meio fluido viscoso com a utilização do Software Tracker, Editor de planilhas do Excell e Open Câmera trabalhados no laboratório de Física. Além das TDIC utilizamos também experimentos sobre Força de Atrito no laboratório de Física; análises de figuras e de tirinhas envolvendo o conteúdo abordado; leitura e debate de textos relacionados ao assunto. Nosso trabalho caracteriza-se como qualitativo. Os dados que foram coletados durante a implementação da SequênciaDidática por meio de relatos, questionários, desenvolvimento de atividades, participação dos alunos e diário de bordo do professor. Nossos resultados identificam, que houve indícios de aprendizagem e que o material elaborado constituise como potencialmente significativo, visto o envolvimento e motivação da turma durante as atividades.
ASTROBIOLOGIA EM CONSONÂNCIA COM A BNCC: POSSIBILIDADES DE APLICAÇÕES NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: Nogueira Melo da Rosa Marcia , P. de Almeida Ronaldo , Fernandes de Fernandes Iranderly , Ragni Mirco
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a inserção da Astrobiologia na disciplina de Ciências, nas séries iniciais e finais do ensino fundamental. A Astrobiologia tem a particularidade de despertar a curiosidade e o interesse dos discentes em tentar compreender como surgiu a vida na Terra e se existe vida em outro planeta. Assim, a Astrobiologia pode ser agregada na disciplina de Ciências como uma temática inovadora, tendo como alicerce para sua implementação as unidades temáticas que foram propostas para serem trabalhadas, conforme as recomendações da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). As atividades relacionadas a Astrobiologia, sugeridas para o 6º e 9º ano do ensino fundamental, são propostas que podem ser analisadas pelo docente de Ciências e incorporadas ao seu planejamento, sem alterar os objetos de conhecimento estabelecidos pela BNCC para as séries elencadas acima. É sugerido também, o uso das metodologias ativas no processo de ensinoaprendizagem da Astrobiologia. A proposta das atividades neste artigo consiste em demonstrar ao docente que é possível abordar a Astrobiologia no ensino fundamental de forma contextualizada e em consonância com a BNCC.
The role of small voluntary sector organisations in tackling complex social challenges: lessons from a charity serving asylum seekers and refugees
Authors: Vivyan Sally
Published: March 2024

There is a growing body of research on small Voluntary Sector Organisations’ (VSOs) contribution to tackling complex social challenges. It focuses on how small VSOs work to address these challenges, as opposed to what the measurable impact of that work is. This article adds to that body of work by providing a new analytical account of how a small VSO works; in this case what shapes that work is the extent to which it is collaborative, responsive and collective, and voluntarily driven in nature. This article also takes the research to a new setting; that of small VSOs working to better the welfare of Asylum Seekers and Refugees (ASRs).
Building a Sustainable Development Educational and Research Agenda
Authors: Park Jacob , Lo Fu-chen
Published: March 2024

Abstract: While building the necessary institutional and human resource capacity for sustainable development represents an important global issue, it remains one of if not the most critical issue in the Asia-Pacific region. The ecological consequences of rapid industrialization have become all too visible in recent years as the region’s natural resources and biodiversity continue to deteriorate at an alarming rate. At the same time, there has been an increasing call for universities and academic institutions, as the main training ground for the next generation of regional political and business leaders, to respond to this policy challenge in a proactive manner. The specific modality of the sustainable development research and educational agenda may vary between countries and universities, but as institutional symbols of new ideas and policy innovation, universities and research institutes will have to take more concrete steps toward environmentally sustainable development. Using the experiences of Japan’s Keio University at the Shonan Fujisawa campus, Thailand’s Asian Institute of Technology, and United Nations University’s Institute of Advanced Studies, this article discusses the role of universities and research institutes in promoting human resource and institutional capacity building, and designing an effective sustainable development research and educational agenda. Three key issues will guide this institutional development. First, what role if any will APEC play in sustainable development research and education? Second, how will the concerns of the private sector and nongovernmental organizations be reflected in sustainable development research and education? Third, what is the future of regional academic cooperation in sustainable development research and education ?
Independence and Decolonization in Central Asia
Authors: Gleason Gregory
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The disintegration of the USSR in the early 1990s created fifteen new nation-states. Among these were five former Soviet republics of Central Asia—Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. These entities existed for decades as administrative jurisdictions within the Soviet Union but never exercised the autonomy of true states. Prior to the Soviet period, none of them had existed as independent countries; furthermore, they shared the ties of tradition, history, language, culture, and a common administrative system. Yet the dynamics of independence has propelled them in different and sometimes conflicting directions. The politics and economics of decolonization are exerting a continuing influence on these countries, affecting the way in which they relate to one another and to the outside world. This article surveys the new Central Asian states, comparatively analyzes the circumstances of independence and decolonization, and draws conclusions regarding integration with greater Asia.
Give and Take: Electoral Politics in Transitional Hong Kong
Authors: Li Pang-kwong , Newman David
Published: March 2024

Abstract: On September 17, 1995 the people of Hong Kong voted for the first fully elected legislature. The electoral system, introduced by the British over the prior eighteen months differed substantially from that used in the 1991 election. Both are likely to differ from that adopted by the Preparatory Committee charged with adopting the rules for electing the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’s first elected legislature. The changes in the electoral system between 1991 and 1995 do not appear to have changed the overall results of the 1995 election. This paper examines the various electoral systems used in Hong Kong, the alignment of political forces, the results of the 1995 election in the context of the changes in the electoral system, and the likely effects of either a proportional representation system, the type of electoral system some have suggested for Hong Kong’s future, on the legislative agenda in Hong Kong after 1997. The paper concludes that the likely changes to the electoral system after 1997 are likely to have a far greater impact on politics than the reforms implemented prior to the change of sovereignty.
Burma’s Entry into ASEAN: Background and Implications
Authors: Cribb Robert
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The decision by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to admit Burma (Myanmar) as a member in mid-1997 seriously strained the association’s relations with its dialogue partners in the West. Both European countries and the United States urged that Burma be excluded from ASEAN because of its record of suppressing democracy. ASEAN persisted with Burma’s admission, however for several reasons. The association, formed in 1967 to limit outside engagement in the Southeast Asia region, did not wish to be instructed on its membership policy by the West, and especially not on the grounds of internal political practice. Many ASEAN countries also feared that Burma might fall into China’s orbit if it were excluded. Some groups in ASEAN also saw Burma’s resource-rich economy as a useful complement to the more developed economies further east. Although some authorities suggested that ASEAN might put pressure on Burma to improve its human-rights performance, the impact of Burma’s membership seems most likely to be in the field of economic transparency and infrastructure development.
Chinese Perspectives on Multilateral Security Cooperation
Authors: Wang Jianwei
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The article examines China’s evolving perceptions and consequent policy changes regarding multilateral security cooperation in the post-cold war period. At the global level the article discusses China’s changed atttitude toward UN peacekeeping operations. Since the early 1980s, China has gradually endorsed their legitimacy and increased its contribution and participation. While China in general supports most Chapter VI operations, it is nevertheless more reluctant to vote for Chapter VII operations. China’s involvement in the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) is analyzed to illustrate its cognitive and policy limitations. At the regional level, the article explores Chinese policy on various initiatives of multilateral security consultation and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, including relations with ASEAN and the multilateral security talks on the Korean peninsula. Overall, China has been more cautious about security multilateralism than about economic multilateralism. Yet in the Chinese foreign policy establishment, “new thinking on security cooperation” has been taking shape. It emphasizes a low degree of institutionalization, non-military alliances, and economic security.
Shadowing APEC: Nongovernmental Organizations Build Regional Alliances
Authors: Price John
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Asia-Pacific have become increasingly active and vocal in their criticism of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Its free-trade agenda, its close ties with business in the region, and the high profile it has achieved since the beginning of leaders’ meetings in 1993 caught the attention of NGOs. Since then, NGOs have organized counter-conferences parallel to the leaders meetings, conferences that are becoming larger and broader in scope every year. The 1997 People’s Summit on APEC, held in Vancouver, Canada, was effective in many ways, but it also revealed that NGOs in the Asia-Pacific face significant challenges. Sectoral and political divisions, and the difficulties of maintaining ongoing linkages will require renewed efforts on the part of NGOs if they are to continue to develop an alternative agenda for sustainable human development in the Asia-Pacific.
Tung Chee-hwa and His Challenges: A Look at Hong Kong’s Last Colonial Days, December 1996–June 1997
Authors: Chu Yik-yi
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article examines the course of events in Hong Kong from the election of the Chief Executive of the Special Administrative Region (SAR) in December 1996 to the handover on July 1, 1997. It attempts to understand the local perspective, to see how the Hong Kong people viewed their future and the newly elected Chief Executive. It argues that the Hong Kong people were confident of their future, but their trust in the Chief Executive wavered in accordance with different events. There was popular concern for the maintenance of the status quo, as an indicator of the viability of the concept of “one country, two systems.” Chief Executive-designate Tung Chee-hwa needed to pay more attention to the differences between the “two systems,” to preserve the status quo of Hong Kong, while counteracting public anxieties over the dominance by “one country.” Although the SAR administration began on July 1, 1997, Tung Chee-hwa had already become the territory’s shadow head in the months before the handover.
Bridging the Gap: Addressing Immigrant Health Through Community-initiated Screening Events
Authors: Moyce Sally , Sisson Nathaniel , Metcalf Madeline
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Background: In areas of new-immigrant population growth, medical and social infrastructure may be lagging behind the needs of those who do not identify with the majority culture or language. Subsequently, information regarding this population's health status and access to care is limited. Montana's Hispanic population is one such group. Despite its low total population, the state has experienced unprecedented growth in the number of Spanish-speaking individuals and families over the last decade. Objectives: We utilized a community based participatory research framework to emphasize equal partnership between lay community members and researchers to ensure adherence to community priorities and strengthen trust between the two parties allowing for future collaboration. Based on community request, we designed four health screening events to provide needed health prevention services to the Hispanic community. Methods: Through collaboration with a Community Advisory Board, we created four health screening events to provide basic primary care services, including height and weight, blood pressure, diabetes, and mental health screenings. We partnered with a team of dental hygienists to provide oral preventive health. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, comparing our approach to traditional health services. Study variables were analyzed using analysis of variance to examine differences in health outcomes between health screening events. Results: We screened 140 persons and found that 85.7% lacked health insurance and 80.7% lacked a usual source of care. We also found overweight and obesity in 47.1% and 27.1%, respectively, and hypertension in 63.6%. Services provided by the health screening events were up to $239 less expensive than comparable services provided at local health centers. Conclusions: Working directly with the community, we designed and implemented health prevention events which served to meet a growing need and to identify and address health concerns among the Hispanic immigrant community.
Evaluating the Impact and Effectiveness of Flint's Community Ethics Review Board (CBOP-CERB): A Pilot Study
Authors: Cargill Stephanie Solomon , Spencer Bryan , Spencer Briah
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In recognition of the importance of evaluation for funding, research, and quality improvement, a longstanding Community Advisory Board in Flint Michigan embarked on a process to evaluate their impact. The Community-Based Organization Partners (CBOP)–Community Ethics Review Board (CERB) engaged a research team composed of an academic researcher (Solomon Cargill) and a community partner (Spencer) to obtain funding, design and implement an evaluation of the CBOP-CERB. This evaluation study yielded two evaluations of the CBOP-CERB, one with researchers who had engaged with the CBOP-CERB and the other with Flint area community residents. The results of these two evaluations can serve to show other Community Advisory Boards how to establish and expand their impact, establish their worth for future funding, and how to articulate, evaluate, and achieve their goals.
Max Weber and the Labour Constitution
Authors: Coutu Michel
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Max Weber's early works on agricultural working conditions in Germany east of the Elbe River remain little-known. Their anteriority in relation to Weberian sociology proper, the apparent primacy of value judgments within them, and a strongly dated historical context may explain this lack of interest. The author, for his part, defends the opposite point of view: not only do Weber's early studies pave the way for his later conceptualization, but they are characterized by a meticulous effort of scientific objectivity. Moreover, if we focus on the Archimedean point of all these Weberian studies, that is, the concept of the 'labour constitution', they are of indisputable—and universal—interest for the study of the dynamics of labour relations in the context of modernity. However, it seems indispensable to reinterpret the concept by considering Weber's mature work, notably his sociology of law as it emerges from Economy and Society . In the author's opinion, there is sufficient scientific continuity in Weber's work from 1890 to 1920 to justify such a reinterpretation, which may prove to be all the more fruitful in that it aims to take advantage of the later innovations of Weberian sociology, both methodologically (the ideal type, the relationship to values) and conceptually (the concept of rationalization, the sociological definition of law)
Brownness and the Ontology of Analogy
Authors: Chakraborty Sumita
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article theorizes the concept of "compulsory analogy" as a reiterated, compelled speech act that fundamentally structures Brown ontology within white supremacy. The author contends that white interpellation forces Brown subjects to define themselves via similitude to position Brown/ness both as whiteness's subordinate and as whiteness's ally in perpetuating anti-Blackness. Subsequently, the essay pivots to considering the function of literary analogies in the work of the contemporary South Asian poet Kazim Ali, suggesting that it offers a model for an analogical logic that vehemently rejects compulsory analogy in favor of a Brown relationality that confounds white inscription and is predicated on antiracist alliances between Brown and Black subjects.
Polarization self-compensation in a laser-driven interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with high long-term stability
Authors: Zhao Jie , Liang Xinyun , Huang Wenfeng , Wu Yuan , Cheng Huadong , Chen L. Q.
Published: March 2024

We present a laser-driven interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) with polarization self-compensation to achieve high scale-factor stability, sensitivity, and long-term stability. Coherent light with 200kHz linewidth is employed to keep the scale factor stable. The optical scheme ensures polarization reciprocity as well as the optimal working point for good sensitivity. Furthermore, a hybrid machine learning loop (MLL) method, combining the advantages of PID fast response and artificial neural network (ANN) dynamic search, can control a liquid crystal rotator (LCR) to dynamically compensate for slow drift induced by polarization coupling. In open environment, when the sensitivity is 0.005∘/h, the bias instability (BI) is significantly optimized from 0.6723°/h at 60s (PID) to 0.3869°/h at 200s (MLL), which is close to the Sagnac interferometric limit (SIL). Such IFOG can meet the real-time and robust requirements for inertial navigation systems in long-term measurement.
Rayleigh length extension in long-distance free-space optical communications based on lens group optimization
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Cai Chengkun , Wang Shuo , Wang Jian
Published: March 2024

In the field of high-speed data transmission, wireless optical communications provide a paradigm shift from the conventional tethered connections, offering promising bandwidth and minimal latency. The cornerstone of such systems lies in their ability to precisely control the propagation of Gaussian beams, which are favored due to their inherent properties of minimal divergence and high spatial coherence over long distances. Efficient transmission hinges on the proper manipulation of these beams’ spatial characteristics, particularly the waist radius and the associated Rayleigh length, which together delineate the beam’s diffraction and spread. This manuscript methodically explores the theoretical and practical aspects of Gaussian beam focusing through lens systems, aiming to elucidate the pivotal relationship between the optimally adjusted focal parameters and the resultant augmentation of the Rayleigh length. Through rigorous diffraction integral simulations and a keen analysis of constraints posed by finite apertures, the study articulates strategies to considerably enhance the Gaussian beam’s propagation characteristics, thereby bolstering the reliability and efficacy of wireless optical communication systems.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of polarized ambient light separation in complex illumination
Authors: Zhu Zhenmin , Zeng Xingning , Long Wenqing , He Lifa , Xu Xiaokai
Published: March 2024

In current research, it is still a hot topic for 3D reconstruction under complex illumination. This paper uses a polarization camera combined with a coding technique to propose a new 3D reconstruction method for polarized ambient light separation. Based on the polarization camera, a specific separation model is established to analyze the relationship between the polarization characteristics of polarized and natural light. Specular reflections were filtered first and then analyzed based on the stocks vector and muller matrix. A specific calculation process was used to calculate different polarization azimuths according to the polarization characteristics, and finally, the polarized light and ambient light were separated. The experimental results show that the use of this polarization camera approach reduces the number of steps required to rotate the polarizer multiple times. This not only reduces the shooting time but also improves the efficiency. Moreover, after separating the ambient light, polarization imaging suppresses the interference of the ambient light, which helps to highlight the complete point cloud image more clearly in the 3D reconstruction. The standard deviation of 3D reconstruction was improved to 0.1675 mm by using this method in indoor and outdoor experiments.
Chiral plasmonic metasurface assembled by DNA origami
Authors: Gieseler Niels , Moench Svenja , Beutel Dominik , Pfeifer Wolfgang G. , Domínguez Carmen M. , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rockstuhl Carsten
Published: March 2024

Chiral materials are essential to perceive photonic devices that control the helicity of light. However, the chirality of natural materials is rather weak, and relatively thick films are needed for noticeable effects. To overcome this limitation, artificial photonic materials were suggested to affect the chiral response in a much more substantial manner. Ideally, a single layer of such a material, a metasurface, should already be sufficient. While various structures fabricated with top-down nanofabrication technologies have already been reported, here we propose to utilize scaffolded DNA origami technology, a scalable bottom-up approach for metamolecule production, to fabricate a chiral metasurface. We introduce a chiral plasmonic metamolecule in the shape of a tripod and simulate its optical properties. By fixing the metamolecule to a rectangular planar origami, the tripods can be assembled into a 2D DNA origami crystal that forms a chiral metasurface. We simulate the optical properties but also fabricate selected devices to assess the experimental feasibility of the suggested approach critically.
Wavelength-polarization-multiplexed multichannel perfect vortex array generator based on dielectric metasurface
Authors: Wu Yuanyang , Xu Ping , Sun Yiling , Yang Tuo , Huang Haixuan , Zhang Xulin , Wang Mengyu , Li Xiongchao , Xiao Yufei , Xu Haidong , Geng Shuai , Li Hongguang , Di Yutong
Published: March 2024

The multi-channel perfect vortex (PV) array based on metasurface has important applications in optical communication, particle manipulation, quantum optics, and other fields due to its ultra-thin structure and excellent wavefront control ability. However, it is very challenging to utilize a single metasurface to simultaneously achieve independent channel PV arrays at different wavelengths with low crosstalk and low structural complexity. Here, we propose and design a single rectangular structured metasurface based on TiO2, achieving a multi-channel PV beam array with dual-wavelength and dual-polarization multiplexing. Simulation and experimental results show that when two orthogonal linearly polarized beams with wavelengths of 532 nm and 633 nm are incident on the metasurface, clear PV arrays with corresponding topological charge arrangements can be obtained in different diffraction regions of the same observation plane. The metasurface proposed in this article can enhance the channel capacity of a PV beam array through wavelength-polarization-multiplexing, thus having important application potential in spatial information transmission, high-dimensional information storage, and secure information encryption.
Determining triple half-twist of optical Möbius strips in electromagnetic fields with a non-planar structure
Authors: Grigoriev K. S. , Makarov V. A.
Published: March 2024

Polarization ellipses in a nonparaxial field form twisted strips when traced along closed contours around a circular polarization singularity line. We found an analytical expression for the twist number of the strip when the contour is coplanar with the polarization ellipse in its center. Necessary and sufficient conditions for strips having one or three half-twists are found. A set of five parameters of electromagnetic field at the polarization singularity point is found which definitely determines the value of the twist number of the strip.
Interpretable machine learning-based individual analysis of acute kidney injury in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Sakuragi Minoru , Uchino Eiichiro , Sato Noriaki , Matsubara Takeshi , Ueda Akihiko , Mineharu Yohei , Kojima Ryosuke , Yanagita Motoko , Okuno Yasushi
Published: March 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Since the etiology of AKI in patients undergoing cancer therapy varies, clarifying underlying causes in individual cases is critical for optimal cancer treatment. Although it is essential to individually analyze immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients for underlying pathologies for each AKI episode, these analyses have not been realized. Herein, we aimed to individually clarify the underlying causes of AKI in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients using a new clustering approach with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Methods

We developed a gradient-boosting decision tree-based machine learning model continuously predicting AKI within 7 days, using the medical records of 616 immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients. The temporal changes in individual predictive reasoning in AKI prediction models represented the key features contributing to each AKI prediction and clustered AKI patients based on the features with high predictive contribution quantified in time series by SHAP. We searched for common clinical backgrounds of AKI patients in each cluster, compared with annotation by three nephrologists.

Results

One hundred and twelve patients (18.2%) had at least one AKI episode. They were clustered per the key feature, and their SHAP value patterns, and the nephrologists assessed the clusters’ clinical relevance. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve was 0.880. Patients with AKI were categorized into four clusters with significant prognostic differences (p = 0.010). The leading causes of AKI for each cluster, such as hypovolemia, drug-related, and cancer cachexia, were all clinically interpretable, which conventional approaches cannot obtain.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the clustering method of individual predictive reasoning in machine learning models can be applied to infer clinically critical factors for developing each episode of AKI among patients with multiple AKI risk factors, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients.
Coral reefs in transition: Temporal photoquadrat analyses and validation of underwater hyperspectral imaging for resource-efficient monitoring in Guam
Authors: Mills Matthew S. , Ungermann Mischa , Rigot Guy , den Haan Joost , Leon Javier X. , Schils Tom
Published: March 2024

The island of Guam in the west Pacific has seen a significant decrease in coral cover since 2013. Lafac Bay, a marine protected area in northeast Guam, served as a reference site for benthic communities typical of forereefs on the windward side of the island. The staghorn coral Acropora abrotanoides is a dominant and characteristic ecosystem engineer of forereef communities on exposed shorelines. Photoquadrat surveys were conducted in 2015, 2017, and 2019, and a diver-operated hyperspectral imager (i.e., DiveRay) was used to survey the same transects in 2019. Machine learning algorithms were used to develop an automated pipeline to assess the benthic cover of 10 biotic and abiotic categories in 2019 based on hyperspectral imagery. The cover of scleractinian corals did not differ between 2015 and 2017 despite being subjected to a series of environmental disturbances in these years. Surveys in 2019 documented the almost complete decline of the habitat-defining staghorn coral Acropora abrotanoides (a practically complete disappearance from about 10% cover), a significant decrease (~75%) in the cover of other scleractinian corals, and a significant increase (~55%) in the combined cover of bare substrate, turf algae, and cyanobacteria. The drastic change in community composition suggests that the reef at Lafac Bay is transitioning to a turf algae-dominated community. However, the capacity of this reef to recover from previous disturbances suggests that this transition could be reversed, making Lafac Bay an excellent candidate for long-term monitoring. Community analyses showed no significant difference between automatically classified benthic cover estimates derived from the hyperspectral scans in 2019 and those derived from photoquadrats. These findings suggest that underwater hyperspectral imagers can be efficient and effective tools for fast, frequent, and accurate monitoring of dynamic reef communities.
Examination of the structural components of the Abilitator–A self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning aimed at the population in a weak labour market position
Authors: Wikström Miia , Kouvonen Anne , Remes Jouko , Törnroos Kaisa , Joensuu Matti
Published: March 2024

Objectives

According to the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) panel, structural validity describes how well Patient-Reported Outcome Measures’ (PROM) scores reflect the dimensions of the measured construct. The main purpose of this study was to examine the structural components of the Abilitator, a co-developed self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning for the population in a weak labour market position.

Methods

We examined to what extent the Abilitator has reflective and formative elements in its five summary scales: “C. Inclusion”, “D. Mind”, “E. Everyday life”, “F. Skills”, and “G. Body”. The Abilitator data sample (n = 4555, men 51%, mean age 37 years) was collected in 2017–2022 by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in cooperation with the European Social Fund Priority 5 projects in which the participants have multiple challenges to gain employment. For the structural components and validity analysis we implemented both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

Results

Based on the COSMIN criteria for structural validity, the Abilitator reached approximate model fit with CFA when we analysed the different concepts of the questionnaire separately rather than in one unified model. An exception was “E. Everyday life” which was a formative summary scale, and it did not reach approximate fit. EFA showed that the items in the Abilitator’s summary scales loaded on ten factors.

Conclusions

The Abilitator had both reflective and formative elements in its structure. It reached structural validity in those separate concepts that were based on a reflective model. This study revealed interesting connections between different aspects of the Abilitator and produced valuable information for further modification of the questionnaire.
A Primer for Teaching Pacific Histories: Ten Design Principles, Matt K. Matsuda (2020)
Authors: D’Arcy Paul
Published: March 2024

Review of: A Primer for Teaching Pacific Histories: Ten Design Principles, Matt K. Matsuda (2020)

Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 172 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 47800 847 7 (pbk), US$24.95
Dressed: Fashionable Dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910, Claire Regnault (2021)
Authors: Waldroup Heather
Published: March 2024

Review of: Dressed: Fashionable Dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910, Claire Regnault (2021)

Wellington: Te Papa Press, 456 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 99414 606 9 (hbk), NZ$70.00
Navigating Chamoru Poetry: Indigeneity, Aesthetics, and Decolonization, Craig Santos Perez (2021)
Authors: Valle Paola Della
Published: March 2024

Review of: Navigating Chamoru Poetry: Indigeneity, Aesthetics, and Decolonization, Craig Santos Perez (2021)

Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 254 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 81653 550 7 (pbk), US$35
No Other Place to Stand: An Anthology of Climate Change Poetry from Aotearoa New Zealand, Jordan Hamel, Rebecca Hawkes, Erik Kennedy and Essa Ranapiri (2022)
Authors: Valle Paola Della
Published: March 2024

Review of: No Other Place to Stand: An Anthology of Climate Change Poetry from Aotearoa New Zealand, Jordan Hamel, Rebecca Hawkes, Erik Kennedy and Essa Ranapiri (2022)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 220 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 955 5 (pbk), NZ$29.99
Photographing the game glitch: Between ghost photography and immaterial labour
Authors: De Mutiis Marco
Published: March 2024

This article explores the properties of glitch within practices of in-game photography. It argues that capturing the breaking of game textures and graphics reveals the process of creation of photorealism and the remediation of traditional photography within digital and playable spaces. On the other hand, it proposes that screenshotting game glitches acts as an involuntary bug report and part of an economy of ever-optimizing networked images.
‘I am not data’: A GAN simulation in tandem with Second Nature
Authors: Alcázar-Duarte Mónica
Published: March 2024

‘I am not data’ has been produced in collaboration with a creative coder from the Netherlands. Over a period of six months around 4600 images were chosen from approximately 20,000 images of LatinX femmes. The images were then fed into a generative adversarial network (GAN) simulation that produced this film. The resulting work seeks to elucidate a process of lumping together foreign bodies as a method of amalgamation that works to create ‘new’ information. It exists in tandem with ‘Second Nature’, a body of work on Mexican femme bodies and algorithmic web searches, from which some images are included in this article. The process behind the GAN used for this film becomes a mere reference to a human shape. Its processes of synthesis work as a metaphor for systems of human classification in which the bodies of foreigners become fuel for monstrous stereotypes. There is a sense of history repeating itself through the ways that these technological tools are used in artificial intelligence (AI) which launches questions regarding equality and progress in pursuit of social justice.