bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P.214 Improved Cognition After Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy In Adult
Obstructive Hydrocephalus Using Repeatable Battery For The Assessment Of
Neuropsychological Status
Authors: Salterio N , Foti D , Bogod N , Katzen H , Zwimpfer TJ
Published: January 2022

Background: In addition to symptoms of raised
ICP, adults with obstructive hydrocephalus often present with cognitive
dysfunction. We previously reported the improvement of global cognition at 3
and 12 months following primary adult ETV using the Montreal Cognitive
Assessment (MoCA). This abstract presents multidomain cognitive testing
using the RBANS. Methods: Obstructive hydrocephalus
was identified based on tri-ventriculomegaly on MRI findings with a site of
obstruction. Cognitive function was measured using the RBANS and MoCA at two
timepoints: pre-ETV and post-ETV. Within patient analysis was conducted
using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: Nine
adults underwent ETV, 7 primary and 2 secondary (ETV after shunt
malfunction), and completed follow-up assessment. Mean age was 33 years old
and 7 (78%) were female. Etiology: 3 (33%) congenital and 6 (67%) acquired.
Mean follow-up time was 4.5 months. The RBANS total scaled score, attention,
and delayed memory index scores were significantly improved post-ETV
(p < 0.05). Immediate memory, language,
and visuospatial index scores were not significantly different. Secondary
analysis shows that picture naming and figure recall subtests were
significantly improved. MoCA total scores were not significantly different.
Conclusions: ETV in adults with obstructive
hydrocephalus results in improvements in global cognition, attention, and
delayed memory on RBANS testing.
P.227 Investigating the changes in ITP after CSF drainage in patients
with acute traumatic SCI: Results from a Quaternary Spinal Care
Center
Authors: Hindi MN , Gee CM , Paquette S , Ailon T , Dvorak M , Dea N , Charest-Morin R , Fisher C , Street J , Boyd M , Tsang A , Belanger L , Ritchie L , Kwon B
Published: January 2022

Background: Mean arterial pressure augmentation
is one current established practice for management of patients with SCI. We
present the first data investigating the effectiveness of Intrathecal
Pressure (ITP) reduction through CSF drainage (CSFD) in managing patients
with acute traumatic SCI at a large academic center.
Methods: Data from 6 patients with acute
traumatic SCI were included. A lumbar intrathecal catheter was used to
monitor ITP and volume of CSFD. CSFD was performed and recorded hourly. ITP
recordings were collected hourly and the change in ITP was calculated (hour
after minus before CSFD). 369 data points were collected and change in ITP
was plotted against volume of CSFD. Results: Data
across all patients showed variability in the ITP over time without a
significant trend (slope=0.016). We found no significant change in ITP with
varying amounts of CSFD (slope=0.007, r2=0.00, p=0.88).
Changes in ITP were not significantly different across groups of CSFD but
the variation in the data decreased with increasing levels of CSFD.
Conclusions: We present the first known data on
changes in ITP with varying degrees of CSFD in patients with acute traumatic
SCI. These results may provide insight into the complexity of ITP changes in
patients post-injury and help inform future SCI management.
Data trust and data privacy in the COVID-19 period
Authors: Biddle Nicholas , Edwards Ben , Gray Matthew , Hiscox Michael , McEachern Steven , Sollis Kate
Published: January 2022

In this article, we focus on data trust and data privacy, and how attitudes may be changing during the COVID-19 period. On balance, it appears that Australians are more trusting of organizations with regards to data privacy and less concerned about their own personal information and data than they were prior to the spread of COVID-19. The major determinant of this change in trust with regards to data was changes in general confidence in government institutions. Despite this improvement in trust with regards to data privacy, trust levels are still low.
Safer sex negotiation and parity among women in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adu Collins , Frimpong James Boadu , Mohammed Aliu , Tetteh Justice Kanor , Budu Eugene , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz
Published: January 2022

Women’s ability to negotiate for safer sex has effects on their sexual and reproductive health. This study investigated the association between safer sex negotiation and parity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The data were sourced from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 28 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2010 to 2019. A total of 215,397 women aged 15–49 were included in the study. Multilevel logistic analysis was conducted to examine the association between safer sex negotiation and parity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and the significance level set at p<0.05. The overall prevalences of safer sex negotiation and high parity among women in sub-Saharan Africa were 82.7% and 52.1%, respectively. The prevalence of high parity ranged from 32.3% in Chad to 72.1% in Lesotho. The lowest prevalence of safer sex negotiation was in Chad (16.8%) while the highest prevalence was recorded in Rwanda (99.7%). Women who had the capacity to negotiate for safer sex were less likely to have high parity compared with those who had no capacity to negotiate for safer sex (aOR = 0.78, CI: 0.75–0.81). Other factors that were associated with high parity were age, educational level, marital status, exposure to media, contraceptive use, religion, wealth quintile, sex of household head, and place of residence. The study identified significant association between safer sex negotiation and high parity among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. It is worth noting that women’s ability to negotiate for safer sex could reduce high parity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, policies and programmes aimed at birth control or reducing high parity among women could be targeted at improving their capacity to negotiate for safer sex through education.
Improving Take-Up by Reaching Out to Potential Beneficiaries. Insights from a Large-Scale Field Experiment in Belgium
Authors: VAN GESTEL RAF , GOEDEMÉ TIM , JANSSENS JULIE , LEFEVERE EVA , LEMKENS RIK
Published: January 2022

Non-take-up of means-tested benefits is a widespread phenomenon which undermines the effectiveness and fairness of social policies. The digitalisation of the welfare state creates new opportunities for proactively contacting people who are potentially entitled to benefits, but do not take up their social rights. In this study, we report on how new data flows were used to reach out to potential beneficiaries of the Increased Reimbursement of health care, a programme targeted at low-income households in Belgium. By randomizing the period in which potential beneficiaries were contacted, we were able to identify a three- to four-fold increase in take-up among those contacted as a result of the outreaching activities. Households that did not respond to the intervention, the never takers, have lower pre-intervention healthcare expenditures. This suggests that non-take-up was reduced primarily among those who would expect to benefit most from receiving the Increased Reimbursement. Exploiting the combination of rich administrative data with experimental evidence, we also find that early responders are mostly older and have higher historic health expenditures than late responders. Furthermore, results point to the need for balancing well the inclusiveness of the intervention with an increased number of applications by ineligible people.
Estimated path information gain-based robot exploration under perceptual uncertainty
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Chaoqun , Chi Wenzheng , Chen Guodong , Sun Lining
Published: January 2022

At present, the frontier-based exploration has been one of the mainstream methods in autonomous robot exploration. Among the frontier-based algorithms, the method of searching frontiers based on rapidly exploring random trees consumes less computing resources with higher efficiency and performs well in full-perceptual scenarios. However, in the partially perceptual cases, namely when the environmental structure is beyond the perception range of robot sensors, the robot often lingers in a restricted area, and the exploration efficiency is reduced. In this article, we propose a decision-making method for robot exploration by integrating the estimated path information gain and the frontier information. The proposed method includes the topological structure information of the environment on the path to the candidate frontier in the frontier selection process, guiding the robot to select a frontier with rich environmental information to reduce perceptual uncertainty. Experiments are carried out in different environments with the state-of-the-art RRT-exploration method as a reference. Experimental results show that with the proposed strategy, the efficiency of robot exploration has been improved obviously.
Impact of fetal haemodynamics on surgical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia
Authors: Bao Min , Jaeggi Edgar , Sun Liqun , Lee Fu-Tsuen , Sananes Renee , Chau Vann , Macgowan Christopher K. , Miller Steven P. , Seed Mike , Marini Davide
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate the impact of fetal haemodynamics on surgical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in severe Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia.

Methods:

Thirty-four fetuses with Ebstein anomaly/tricuspid valve dysplasia were referred from 2013 to 2019 for fetal echocardiography and clinical management. Nineteen fetuses with Ebstein anomaly/tricuspid valve dysplasia and 30 controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance to quantify the fetal blood flow and to calculate cerebral oxygen delivery (cDO2) and consumption (cVO2). The 3D steady-state free precession acquisition was used to measure fetal brain volume. Surgical outcome, brain MRI, and neurodevelopmental follow-up were reviewed.

Results:

Twenty-six fetuses were live born (76%) and survival (65%) at a mean follow-up of 4 years. Nine fetuses had a brain MRI before discharge, and all had clinically silent injuries and volume loss. At 18 months, five single-ventricle patients had a neurodevelopmental delay in cognition and language (mean percentile: 11th), with gross-motor skills more affected than fine-motor skills (mean percentiles: 4th and 34th). Fetuses with Ebstein anomaly/tricuspid valve dysplasia had smaller brains, lower combined ventricular output, ascending aorta, superior caval vien and umbilical vein flows, lower oxygen saturation in ascending aorta and superior caval vien, lower cDO2 and cVO2 (p < 0.05). Superior caval vien/combined ventricular output and descending aorta/combined ventricular output ratios were lower in fetuses with circular shunt (p < 0.05). Fetuses requiring the Starnes procedure tended to have smaller brains, lower combined ventricular output, superior caval vien, descending aorta, and umbilical vein flows.

Conclusions:

All patients with Ebstein anomaly/tricuspid valve dysplasia are at high risk of neurodevelopmental delay and warrant follow-up. Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance revealed impaired brain growth with diminished cerebral blood flow and cDO2, the extenting dependent on the severity of the haemodynamic compromise.
Effects of blood pressure percentile, body mass index, and race on left ventricular mass in children
Authors: Udine Michelle L. , Kaltman Jonathan R. , Li Qianxi , Liu Jin , Sun Deyu , Cheung Man Ching , Sabouni Sam , Al Dulaimi Ahmed , Sable Craig
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the association of systolic blood pressure percentile, race, and body mass index with left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram and echocardiogram to define populations at risk.

Study design:

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design utilising a data analytics tool (Tableau) combining electrocardiogram and echocardiogram databases from 2003 to 2020. Customized queries identified patients aged 2–18 years who had an outpatient electrocardiogram and echocardiogram on the same date with available systolic blood pressure and body measurements. Cases with CHD, cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmia diagnoses were excluded. Echocardiograms with left ventricle mass (indexed to height2.7) were included. The main outcome was left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram defined as Left ventricle mass index greater than the 95th percentile for age.

Results:

In a cohort of 13,539 patients, 6.7% of studies had left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram. Systolic blood pressure percentile >90% has a sensitivity of 35% and specificity of 82% for left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram. Left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram was a poor predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram (9% sensitivity and 92% specificity). African American race (OR 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.56, p = 0.002), systolic blood pressure percentile >95% (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.34, 1.93, p < 0.001), and higher body mass index (OR = 7.22, 95% CI = 6.23, 8.36, p < 0.001) were independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram.

Conclusions:

African American race, obesity, and hypertension on outpatient blood pressure measurements are independent risk factors for left ventricular hypertrophy in children. Electrocardiogram has little utility in the screening for left ventricular hypertrophy.
Evaluation of ventricular function and myocardial deformation in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot by real-time three-dimensional (four-dimensional) echocardiography
Authors: Eroğlu Ayşe G. , Gökalp Selman , Atik Sezen U. , Önal Damla , Acar Hazal C. , Saltık Levent
Published: January 2022

Aim:

The left and right ventricular dysfunction are important clinical course indicators in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. This study aimed to evaluate ventricular volumes, functions, and myocardial deformation in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot by real-time three-dimensional (four-dimensional) echocardiography and compared with healthy children. It also aimed to investigate the relationships between ventricular volumes, functions, and myocardial deformation parameters in the patients.

Materials and methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 35 patients (mean age 15.1 ± 2.8 years, 54% male) and 35 healthy controls of similar age, gender, and body measurements underwent echocardiography. End-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index, and ejection fractions of both ventricles; global longitudinal, circumferential, radial strain, twist, and torsion of the left ventricle; the longitudinal strain of the right ventricle free wall and septum were measured.

Results:

Left ventricular ejection fraction, global circumferential and radial strain, twist and torsion were significantly lower in patients compared with controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction correlated with global circumferential (r = −0.446, p < 0.001) and radial strain (r = −0.433, p < 0.001) in the patients. Right ventricular volumes were significantly higher, and ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients compared with controls. All right ventricular parameters correlated with each other in the patients.

Conclusion:

Left ventricular contraction pattern was changed, circumferential and radial fibres were most affected in the patients. Right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction were detected, and right ventricular ejection fraction correlated well with strain measurements of the right ventricle.
Electrocardiographic changes in non-hospitalised children with COVID-19
Authors: Heching Howard J. , Goyal Anmol , Harvey Brian , Malloy-Walton Lindsey , Follansbee Christopher , Mcintosh Amanda , Forsha Daniel
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

Many children diagnosed with COVID-19 infections did not require hospitalisation. Our objective was to analyse electrocardiographic changes in children with asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 who did not require hospitalisation

Methods:

All children are seen in a paediatric cardiology clinic who had asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 that did not require hospitalisation and had at least one electrocardiogram after their diagnosis were included in this retrospective analysis. Records were reviewed to determine COVID-19 disease severity and presence of Long COVID. Rhythm assessment, atrial enlargement, ventricular hypertrophy, PR/QRS/QT interval duration and ST-T wave abnormalities were analysed by a paediatric electrophysiologist. Clinically ordered echocardiograms were reviewed for signs of myopericarditis (left ventricular ejection fraction and pericardial effusion) on any subject with an electrocardiographic abnormality.

Results:

Of the 82 children meeting inclusion criteria (14.4 years, range 1–18 years, 57% male), 17 patients (21%) demonstrated electrocardiographic changes. Ten patients (12%) had electrocardiogram of borderline significance, which included isolated mild PR prolongation or mild repolarisation abnormalities. The other seven patients (9%) had concerning electrocardiographic findings consisting of more significant repolarisation abnormalities. None of the patients with an abnormal electrocardiogram revealed any echocardiographic abnormality. All abnormal electrocardiograms normalised over time except in two cases. Across the entire cohort, greater COVID-19 disease severity and long COVID were not associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities.

Conclusions:

Electrocardiographic abnormalities are present in a minority of children with an asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 infection. Many of these changes resolved over time and no evidence of myopericarditis was present on echocardiography.
The impact of the radiotherapy technique in sparing the heart substructures in central tumor irradiation in lung cancer
Authors: Guler Avci Gulhan , Altınısık Inan Gonca , Bozkurt Halis
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

In thoracic radiotherapy (RT), heart sparing is very essential, as the high cardiac dose is associated with poor survival in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study aims to determine the doses exposed to heart substructures and coronary arteries by different RT techniques in central tumor irradiation in lung cancer.

Methods:

Twenty patients with NSCLC, irradiated between January 2018 and December 2020 in our department, were included in this study. Patients whose primary tumor was centrally located in the left lung were selected. The heart substructures [left atrium, right atrium (RA), left ventricle, and right ventricle] and coronary arteries (left main, left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries) were delineated by the same physician. The doses of 60 Gy external RT were prescribed in 30 fractions using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), static intensity-modulated radiotherapy (s-IMRT), and dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (d-IMRT) techniques in all patients. The obtaining plans using three different techniques were compared.

Results:

The d-IMRT plans were statistically the best optimal plan for planning target volume (PTV) [Dmean (p = 0 04), Dmax (p < 0 0001), V95 (p < 0 0001), V107 (p < 0 0001), CI (p < 0 0001) and HI (p < 0 0001)]. The s-IMRT plans were significantly superior to 3D-CRT plans for PTV. RA Dmax and V45 were not different between the three techniques [Dmax (p = 0 148) and V45 (p = 0 12)]. The d-IMRT technique was significantly better in other heart substructures and coronary arteries.

Conclusions:

Compared to 3D-CRT and s-IMRT techniques, the d-IMRT technique provided the best protection in all heart substructures except for a few parameters (RA Dmax and V45 doses).
Isolation enhancement of metamaterial structure MIMO antenna for WiMAX/WLAN/ITU band applications
Authors: Suneetha Pasumarthi , Naik Kethavathu Srinivasa , Muthusamy Pachiyannan
Published: January 2022

The μ-negative metamaterial (MNG) two-element MIMO antenna design was proposed in this article for WiMAX (2.5–2.8 GHz), WLAN (3.2–5.9 GHz), and ITU band (8.15−8.25 GHz) applications. The first design of the MIMO antenna operates at 2.7 and 4.9 GHz frequencies. In order to reduce the mutual coupling, a defective ground structure is used. For further isolation improvement, an MNG unit cell is placed in between the two radiating elements at a distance of 10 mm. The designed antenna elements have better than −23 dB coupling isolation between the two radiating elements. Moreover, with MNG an additional frequency of 8.2 GHz is obtained, which is useful for ITU band applications. The proposed antenna bandwidth is expanded by 19% in the lower operational band, 20% in the second operational band, and 32% in the higher frequency band with the MNG unit cell. From the analysis, the proposed antenna is suitable for WiMAX/WLAN/ITU band applications because of its low enveloped correlation coefficient, and highest directive gain and low mutual coupling between the radiating components. The proposed antenna was simulated, fabricated, and measured with the help of the Schwarz ZVL vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber. Both measured and simulated results are highly accurate and highly recommended for WiMAX/WLAN/ITU bands.
Design of ultra-compact ISM band implantable patch antenna for bio-medical applications
Authors: Zaki Ahmed Z. A. , Hamad Ehab K. I. , Abouelnaga Tamer Gaber , Elsadek Hala A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an ultra-compact implantable antenna for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed implanted meandered compact patch antenna is implanted inside the body at a depth of 2 mm. The proposed antenna was designed with Roger RO3003 (ɛr= 3) as substrate with an overall size of dimensions 5 × 5 × 0.26 mm3. The radiating element is a square patch antenna with different size rectangular slots and coaxial feeding. The proposed implantable antenna resonates at 2.45 GHz (from 2.26 to 2.72 GHz) frequency with a bandwidth of 460 MHz and a gain of −22.6 dB. The specific absorption rate has been considered for health care considerations, and the result is within the limits of the federal communication commission. The measured and simulated scattering parameters are compared, and good agreements are achieved. The proposed antenna is simulated and investigated for biomedical applications suitability.
Design of dual-polarized triple-band concentric annular-ring microstrip patch antenna for GPS applications
Authors: Choudhary Surya Deo , Patil Shilpee , Verma Alka , Alam Md Irshad , Kapse Vinod M. , Kanaujia Binod Kumar
Published: January 2022

A triple-frequency operated concentric annular ring microstrip antenna which is single fed is presented. The proposed antenna with three concentric annular rings and two symmetrical notches on its outer ring and having a cross slot in its ground surface shows triple band at resonance frequency 1.22760, 1.57542, and 2.18 GHz, respectively. At the first two bands (GPS L2 and GPS L1), circular polarization characteristic is observed and the third band observes linear polarization finding its application in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The complete dimension of the antenna designed and fabricated is only 51.6 × 51.6 × 1.6 mm3. Experimental results depict the proposed antenna gain of 3.31, 3.55, and 3.50 dBi in three bands, respectively, and closely matches with the theoretical results.
Replikationskrise, p-hacking und Open Science
Authors: Brachem Johannes , Frank Maximilian , Kvetnaya Tatiana , Schramm Leonhard F. F. , Volz Leonhard
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung. In den letzten Jahren gab es innerhalb der Psychologie eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit den Auswirkungen der Replikationskrise sowie dem hieraus entstandenen Diskurs über die Weiterentwicklung der Disziplin. Als ein Grund für die mangelnde Replizierbarkeit psychologischer Forschung wurde die Verwendung fragwürdiger Forschungspraktiken (eng. QRPs) identifiziert. Während es umfangreiche Untersuchungen zur Prävalenz von QRPs unter Wissenschaftler*innen gibt, ist bisher wenig über die Verbreitung dieser Praktiken unter Studierenden bekannt. Mit der hier vorgestellten Arbeit wurde erstmals eine größere Befragung unter 1397 Psychologie-Studierenden im deutschsprachigen Raum durchgeführt, um die Verbreitung von QRPs in studentischen Projekten sowie den aktuellen Stand der akademischen Lehre in Bezug auf die Replikationskrise und Open Science zu erheben. Die gemeinsame Betrachtung der Lehre und des Einsatzes fragwürdiger Forschungspraktiken versprechen Aufschluss darüber, wie die psychologische Lehre mit dem empirischen Vorgehen der Studierenden zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass QRPs auch in studentischen Projekten vorkommen, wobei große Unterschiede in der Verbreitung einzelner QRPs bestehen. Auch zwischen den verschiedenen Projekttypen zeigten sich Unterschiede, so war die Anwendung von QRPs in Experimentalpraktika am stärksten und in Masterarbeiten am schwächsten ausgeprägt. Unsere Daten weisen insgesamt darauf hin, dass die selbstberichtete Verbreitung von QRPs über den Studienverlauf abnimmt. Zudem scheint ein Großteil der Studierenden bereits mit der Thematik der Replikationskrise in der Lehre in Berührung gekommen zu sein. Deren Behandlung findet größtenteils in der Methodenlehre und weniger in inhaltlich spezialisierten Lehrveranstaltungen statt. Wir geben abschließend Impulse zur Weiterentwicklung der psychologischen Lehre, in denen die Prinzipien der Offenheit, Transparenz und Kollaboration beim Hervorbringen inhaltlich robuster Forschung bereits während des Studiums im Vordergrund stehen.
Forest Canopy Density Effects on Snowpack Across the Climate Gradients of the Western United States Mountain Ranges
Authors: Sun Ning , Yan Hongxiang , Wigmosta Mark S. , Lundquist Jessica , Dickerson‐Lange Susan , Zhou Tian
Published: January 2022

Controlled field experiments to disentangle the effect of canopy density from the effect of climate on snowpack dynamics are limited by the underlying linkage between canopy density and climate. Thus, based on observations alone, it is not well understood how variations in canopy density can affect snow processes under different climate regimes. To address this knowledge gap, this study uses a physics‐based modeling approach to evaluate the sensitivity of snowpack dynamics to variations in canopy density across the climate gradients of the Western U.S. as represented by 228 Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites. Within the model, we uniformly parameterize the canopy across sites to represent an idealized forest with high, medium, and low canopy density, respectively. The results illustrate that the effect of canopy density on the peak snow water equivalent (SWE) and duration of under‐canopy snowpack is sensitive to winter climate (i.e., climatological winter precipitation and temperature). As canopy density decreases, the greatest increase in peak SWE and snowpack duration is found in wet/warm and dry/cold climates, where snowpack under low‐density forest lasts longer than that in the open. In comparison, peak SWE and snowpack duration in wet/cold climates are less sensitive to changing canopy density. Thus, forest management actions (e.g., thinning and clearing) are likely to have disparate impacts on snow depending on local winter climate. Climate sensitivity of under‐canopy snowpack suggests that snowpack duration under dense canopy in presently warm winter climates is expected to experience the greatest reduction under a warming climate.
Impacts of Lower Thermospheric Atomic Oxygen and Dynamics on the Thermospheric Semiannual Oscillation Using GITM and WACCM‐X
Authors: Malhotra Garima , Ridley Aaron J. , Jones McArthur
Published: January 2022

The latitudinal and temporal variation of atomic oxygen (O) is opposite between the empirical model, NRLMSISE‐00 (MSIS) and the whole atmosphere model, whole atmosphere community climate model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) at 97–100 km. Atomic Oxygen from WACCM‐X has maxima at solstices and summer mid‐high latitudes, similar to [O] from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). We use the densities and dynamics from WACCM‐X to drive the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) at its lower boundary and compare it with the MSIS driven GITM. We focus on the differences in the modeling of the thermospheric and ionospheric semiannual oscillation (T‐I SAO). Our results reveal that driving GITM with WACCM‐X causes the T‐I SAO to maximize around solstices, opposite to when MSIS is used. This is because the global mixing in GITM during solstices is not strong enough to decrease the solstitial [O] densities below the equinoctial values between mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) and upper thermosphere. Larger summer [O] in the MLT leads to the accumulation of [O] at lower latitudes in the thermosphere due to weaker meridional transport, which further increases the amplitude of the oppositely phased SAO. WACCM‐X itself has the right phase of SAO in the upper thermosphere but wrong at lower altitudes. The exact mechanisms that can correct the phase of T‐I SAO in GITM while using SABER‐like [O] in the MLT are currently unknown and warrant further investigation. We suggest mechanisms that can reduce the solstitial maxima in the lower thermosphere, for example, stronger interhemispheric meridional winds, stronger residual circulation, seasonal variations in eddy diffusion, and momentum from breaking gravity waves.
Compositional Variation of Picrites in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province Modulated by Water in the Mantle Plume
Authors: Liu J. , Xia Q. K. , Sun H. , Hanski E. , Kuritani T. , Gu X. Y. , Chen H.
Published: January 2022

Initiation of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and temporal and spatial variations in their chemical compositions provide unique opportunities to understand mantle dynamics. It has been recently revealed that water‐rich reservoirs in the mantle sources have played a significant role in the production of LIPs. However, the dominant causes for the chemical variations in primitive magmas of LIPs remain debated. In the Emeishan LIP (ELIP), there are several places where picrites accompany more abundant flood basalts. These picrites span a large range of Ti/Y, Sm/Yb, and TiO2/Al2O3. In this work, we have determined the water contents of picrites with Ti/Y > 500 from the ELIP, based on the water content of clinopyroxene phenocrysts and water partitioning coefficients. We have also calculated the water content of the mantle sources by applying batch and fractional partial melting models. We show that the chemical compositions of picrites in the ELIP closely correlate with the calculated water content in their mantle sources. Our model suggests that the variation in the chemical composition of the primary magmas of the ELIP both on a local and regional scale can be mainly explained by the complementary roles of relatively dry recycled pyroxenite and hydrated components in the mantle plume, without requiring catastrophic thinning of the lithospheric mantle. Our model thus implies that both the initiation and chemical variation of the ELIP are affected by water from the deep mantle.
“Sticky” Ice Sheets May Have Led to More Intense Glacial Cycles
Authors: Chaisson Clara
Published: January 2022

New research attributes a shift to longer, stronger glacial cycles to increased friction between ice sheets and bedrock in the Northern Hemisphere 1 million years ago.
Clever Wood Use Could Mitigate Wildfires and Climate Change
Authors: Chapman Andrew
Published: January 2022

California plans to use forest thinning to reduce wildfire risk. New research suggests the state could also see a climate benefit by repurposing waste wood produced by thinning.
Design of a large-range rotary microgripper with freeform geometries using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Yuan , Fang Weidong , Song Xiaoxiao , Quan Aojie , Gidts Michiel , Zhang Hemin , Liu Huafeng , Bai Jian , Sadeghpour Sina , Kraft Michael
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a novel electrostatically actuated microgripper with freeform geometries designed by a genetic algorithm. This new semiautomated design methodology is capable of designing near-optimal MEMS devices that are robust to fabrication tolerances. The use of freeform geometries designed by a genetic algorithm significantly improves the performance of the microgripper. An experiment shows that the designed microgripper has a large displacement (91.5 μm) with a low actuation voltage (47.5 V), which agrees well with the theory. The microgripper has a large actuation displacement and can handle micro-objects with a size from 10 to 100 μm. A grasping experiment on human hair with a diameter of 77 μm was performed to prove the functionality of the gripper. The result confirmed the superior performance of the new design methodology enabling freeform geometries. This design method can also be extended to the design of many other MEMS devices.
A highly porous type II collagen containing scaffold for the treatment of cartilage defects enhances MSC chondrogenesis and early cartilaginous matrix deposition
Authors: Intini Claudio , Lemoine Mark , Hodgkinson Tom , Casey Sarah , Gleeson John P. , O'Brien Fergal J.
Published: January 2022

The combination of type II collagen (CII) and hyaluronic acid (HyA) resulted in the development of a CII-containing scaffold with improved chondrogenic benefits for simple and effective “off-the-shelf” application for enhanced cartilage repair.
Correction: A multifunctional photochromic metal–organic framework with Lewis acid sites for selective amine and anion sensing
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Que Qi-Tao , Liu Dan , Suo Hongbo , Liu Jiaming , Xia Shu-Biao
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘A multifunctional photochromic metal–organic framework with Lewis acid sites for selective amine and anion sensing’ by Jian-Jun Liu et al., CrystEngComm, 2020, 22, 4124–4129, DOI: 10.1039/D0CE00560F.
Unraveling the dual defect sites in graphite carbon nitride for ultra-high photocatalytic H2O2 evolution
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Peijie , Wang Cong , Gan Liyong , Chen Xianjie , Zhang Peng , Wang Yang , Li Hui , Wang Lihua , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zheng Kun
Published: January 2022

The g-C3N4 with dual defect sites exhibits excellent photocatalytic H2O2 generation activity and selectivity, and the key role of each defect site in the surface reaction mechanism is revealed.
H2O2-free photo-Fenton system for antibiotics degradation in water via the synergism of oxygen-enriched graphitic carbon nitride polymer and nano manganese ferrite
Authors: Yi Huan , Lai Cui , Huo Xiuqin , Qin Lei , Fu Yukui , Liu Shiyu , Li Ling , Zhang Mingming , Chen Ming , Zeng Guangming
Published: January 2022

H2O2-free photo-Fenton oxidation over OCN-nano MnFe2O4 (OMF) composites is an effective solution to degrade antibiotics in water. OMF shows high biocompatibility and high pH tolerance and can be easily recycled via magnetic separation.
Correction: The gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of anserine supplementation on hyperuricaemia and associated renal inflammation
Authors: Han Jiaojiao , Wang Ziyan , Lu Chenyang , Zhou Jun , Li Ye , Ming Tinghong , Zhang Zhen , Wang Zaijie Jim , Su Xiurong
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘The gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of anserine supplementation on hyperuricaemia and associated renal inflammation’ by Jiaojiao Han et al., Food Funct., 2021, 12, 9030–9042, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO01884A.
Emergence of long afterglow and room temperature phosphorescence emissions from ultra-small sulfur dots
Authors: Sunil Karthika S. , Bramhaiah Kommula , Mandal Srayee , Kar Subhajit , John Neena S. , Bhattacharyya Santanu
Published: January 2022

Sulfur dots (S-dots) are one of the most recently developed non-metallic luminescent nanomaterials, which possess room temperature phosphorescence and excellent afterglow emission in a matrix.
Identification of 2-arylquinazolines with alkyl-polyamine motifs as potent antileishmanial agents: synthesis and biological evaluation studies
Authors: Kumari Anjila , Jaiswal Tara , Kumar Vinay , Hura Neha , Kumar Gulshan , Babu Neerupudi Kishore , Acharya Ayan , Roy Pradyot K. , Guchhait Sankar K. , Singh Sushma
Published: January 2022

A strategy for scaffold-hybridization of drugs, clinical trial agents, and natural products has led to identification of new chemotypes as antileishmanial agents more effective than the oral-drug miltefosine. Unique pharmacophores have been explored.
Plasmonic protein electricity generator
Authors: Paul Nikita , Suresh Lakshmi , Chen Yixin , Zhang Yaoxin , Alzakia Fuad Indra , Vogt Victor , Jones Michael R. , Wong Zi Jing , Tan Swee Ching
Published: January 2022

Interest in acquiring green energy from sunlight is driving research into the incorporation of biological photosynthetic materials into biohybrid devices.
Insights into the sodium storage mechanism of Bi2Te3 nanosheets as superior anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Pang Simeng , Hu Zhuang , Fan Changling , Zhang Weihua , Cai Yan , Han Shaochang , Liu Jinshui , Liu Jilei
Published: January 2022

Due to the unique structure of Bi2Te3, nanosheets (BT-Ns) were fabricated by a self-assembly method. Additionally, the BT-N anode exhibits excellent rate and long-term cyclic performance, delivering 364.0 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1200 cycles.
Computational predictions of adaptive aromaticity for the design of singlet fission materials
Authors: Lin Lu , Zhu Jun
Published: January 2022

The concept of adaptive aromaticity has been demonstrated as an alternative strategy for the design of singlet fission materials.
Toroidal magnetic moments in Tb4squares
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Ungur Liviu , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Tang Jinkui
Published: January 2022

A series of Tb4squares show single molecule toroic behavior as confirmed byab initiocalculations and the single-crystal micro-SQUID technique.
Access to enantioenriched molecules with diverse fluorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenters using hydroxy as a kinetic resolution auxiliary group
Authors: Zehra Syeda Tazeen , Lan Shouang , Zhang Hao , Liu Jinggong , Yang Shuang , Fang Xinqiang
Published: January 2022

We describe in this paper that using secondary OH as the kinetic resolution auxiliary group, a series of previously unavailable fluorinated fully-substituted carbon molecules can be obtained with excellent level of enantioselectivities.
Acid-catalyzed ring-expansion of 4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Xu Mingchuan , Liu Lei , Wang Tao , Luo Han , Hou Meili , Du Luan , Xin Xiaolan , Lu Qixing , Li Baosheng
Published: January 2022

A direct ring-opening/semipinacol rearrangement reaction catalyzed by the Brønsted acid of 4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1,2,3-triazole is reported, in which the usage of metal catalysts and the reservation of sulfonyl groups are avoided.
Advanced photochemical processes for the manufacture of nanopowders: an evaluation of long-term pilot plant operation
Authors: Bárta Jan , Prouzová Procházková Lenka , Škodová Michaela , Děcká Kateřina , Popovich Kseniya , Janoušková Pavelková Tereza , Beck Patrik , Čuba Václav
Published: January 2022

In this study, a UV light-based technology for the syntheses of nano-dimensional metal oxides feasible in an industrial scale is proposed, based on our long term experience with the operation of a photochemical pilot plant.
NMR relaxation time measurements of solvent effects in an organocatalysed asymmetric aldol reaction over silica SBA-15 supported proline
Authors: Di Carmine Graziano , Forster Luke , Wang Simeng , Parlett Christopher , Carlone Armando , D'Agostino Carmine
Published: January 2022

The behaviour of solvents in solid-supported proline organocatalysts is explored using NMR relaxation measurements coupled with reaction screening. Solvents with a lower affinity for the solid surface lead to a higher reactivity.
Predicting Language Performance From Narrative Language Samples
Authors: Murphy Kimberly A. , Springle Alisha P. , Sultani Mollee J. , McIlraith Autumn ,   Language and Reading Research Consortium (LARRC)
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Analysis of narrative language samples is a recommended clinical practice in the assessment of children's language skills, but we know little about how results from such analyses relate to overall oral language ability across the early school years. We examined the relations between language sample metrics from a short narrative retell, collected in kindergarten, and an oral language factor in grades kindergarten through 3. Our specific questions were to determine the extent to which metrics from narrative language sample analysis are concurrently related to language in kindergarten and predict language through Grade 3.

Method:

Participants were a sample of 284 children who were administered a narrative retell task in kindergarten and a battery of vocabulary and grammar measures in kindergarten through Grade 3. Language samples were analyzed for number of different words, mean length of utterance, and a relatively new metric, percent grammatical utterances (PGUs). Structural equation models were used to estimate the concurrent and longitudinal relationships.

Results:

The narrative language sample metrics were consistently correlated with the individual vocabulary and grammar measures as well as the language factor in each grade, and also consistently and uniquely predicted the language factor in each grade. Standardized path estimates in the structural equation models ranged from 0.20 to 0.39.

Conclusions:

This study found narrative language sample metrics to be predictive, concurrently and longitudinally, of a latent factor of language from kindergarten through Grade 3. These results further validate the importance of collecting and analyzing narrative language samples, to include PGU along with more traditional metrics, and point to directions for future research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17700980
Stress and psychological resilience in intervention and rescue activities
Authors: Kovacs Izabella , Gireadă Andrei-Lucian , Toth Lorand , Simion Sorin
Published: January 2022

Nature of intervention and rescue personnel activity places them at the top of professions that face a considerable number of occupational health and safety risks. Often, this occupational category does not face a single safety risk, but a complex combination of risk factors, including unpredictability of situations in which they are required to work. Emergence of stress and other psychosocial risks in work processes requires the implementation of an anticipatory attitude and a constant level of vigilance to identify and evaluate them. In intervention and rescue, the issue of regulating and self-regulating the individual’s behaviour is essential, as exceptional acts performed in unusual conditions require adaptive mechanisms as close as possible to perfection. Developing resilience should focus on amplifying already present strengths (physical and mental characteristics and abilities), rather than managing negative effects of operational stressors. The current paper presents a theoretical approach of the concept of resilience, appliable to intervention and rescue activities and suggests several ways to develop rescuer’s resilience.
Residential security through the Home Assistant Platform
Authors: Munteanu Laurentiu , Suvar Marius Cornel , Florea Gheorghe Daniel
Published: January 2022

The etymology of the word safety means: lack of danger; feeling of peace and confidence; shelter from any danger; feeling of security. A security system of goods, values and protection of people can be implemented through an automated platform, under the name of Home Assistant. This server software application can communicate with an easy control system for fast and two-way access, which can be mounted to a restricted main entrance. The automatic opening of the access door is controlled both by stand-alone RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) modules, which act on an electric closing mechanism, and by an automation system configured in the Home Assistant application. The ultimate goal is the security of the premises through a system that can operate both locally and online via internet connection. The research methodology was based on the study of intelligent applications for residential access, described in the literature, aiming at integration into the open-source HA platform, by developing new code sequences. I come with this paper in support of those who want to bring an improvement in the existing automation system, respectively to encourage those who want an automated residence at a higher level.
Discharge and atmospheric dispersion modelling in case of hazardous material releases
Authors: Pasculescu Vlad Mihai , Ghicioi Emilian , Tuhut Ligia Ioana , Simon-Marinica Adrian Bogdan , Pasculescu Dragos
Published: January 2022

One of the most important tools for improving the OHS level in process industries is represented by risk analysis and assessment. Within industrial units in operation or in the ones which find themselves in the design phase, risk assessment is carried out for determining the hazards which may occur and which may lead to unwanted events, such as hazardous toxic releases, fires and explosions. Accidental releases of toxic/flammable/explosive substances may have serious consequences on workers or on the neighbouring population, therefore the need to establish safety areas based on best practices in the field and on scientific grounds is fully justified. Pressure tanks containing hazardous materials represent one of the most relevant industrial facilities within process plants, being most of the time exposed to hazardous toxic releases, fire and explosion risks. The current study aims to evaluate the consequences and discuss the safety distances required in case of an accidental release of a hazardous material from a tank located within a process plant, using process analysis software tools. Accident scenarios are modelled for comparison purposes with consequence modelling software widely used in safety engineering.
A case study on using the FDS tool for on-site fire investigation
Authors: Tuhuț Ligia Ioana , Pasculescu Vlad Mihai , Vlasin Nicolae Ioan , Manea Florin
Published: January 2022

When investigating a fire type event, one has to have in mind that maybe the most important aspect is the identification of the source of ignition. Nowadays, commercial and open-source software are available and can be used during such investigations. The fire field model - Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is one of the most popular numerical model used for fire investigation. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of computer simulations when two hypotheses, Arson effect with multiple fireplaces and electric short circuit are taken into consideration as the cause of the fire. To virtually simulate the findings at the fire site, the FDS tool (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was used. Computational simulations for the two scenarios revealed that the multiple fireplaces scenario, the initial ignition at both the warehouse and the roof of the annex, illustrates the effects of the fire in a similar way to those found at the site, while the scenario with the initial source on the wall of the room with the electrical panel produces a fire located at the level of the construction and is not transmitted to the annex. Consequently, the results obtained validate the multiple outbreak (Arson effect) scenario.