bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Salinity Levels of Irrigation Water and Spraying with Alphatocopherol on some Vegetative Qualities of Citrus Rangpur Origin (Citrus Limonia)
Authors: Jabar Shirin S. , Ethbeab Ihsan J.
Published: April 2023

On Dhi-Qar University’s Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering used their Saran-covered plastic greenhouse during the 2022 growing season for an experiment. The experiment started on 15 \ 1\ 2022. The experiment was designed as a working experiment according to the design of complete randomized block Design (R.C.B.D, the experiment included two factors, the main factor was the stages of salinity of irrigation water (1, 2, 4) decimens. M-1 and the second agent is Tocopherol (0 a–, 150, 300 ) mg. L-1 is produced by the Indian company HIMEDIA with three repeaters. Important findings from the study included the fact that as saline levels in irrigation water increased, most of the attributes under investigation suffered considerable declines, especially the Level (4 decimens M-1), which gave the lowest rates in the qualities (plant height rate, stem diameter rate, branch number rate, leaf number rate, leaf area rate, soft weight rate of the vegetative total, dry weight rate of the vegetative total), as the measurements reached (60.24 CM. Plant-1, 5.51 mm Plant-1, 4.46 branches. Plant -1, 75.11 leaves. Plant -1, 965.00 cm2. Plant-1, 45.09 G. Plant-1, 15.45 G. Plant-1) respectively, as to add a – Tocopherol sprayed on the vegetative total has a positive moral effect and the treatment exceeded (300) mg. L-1 gave the highest measurements in the following characteristics (plant height rate, stem diameter rate, branch number rate, leaf number rate, leaf area rate, soft weight rate of the vegetative total, dry weight rate of the vegetative total), reaching (78.17 CM. Plant-1, 7.74 mm Plant-1, 7.58 branches. Plant -1, 88.04 leaves. Plant -1, 1661.33 cm2. Plant-1, 55.06 G. Plant-1, 19.44 G. Plant-1) respectively.
Response of Growth Characteristics and Yield of Broccoli Hybrids to Foliar Spraying with Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Shammari Aziz Mahdi Abd , Abbas Diana Khudar
Published: April 2023

The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of foliar feeding with nano and chelated copper for five broccoli hybrids. The study included two factors; The first factor is five broccoli hybrids: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Matsuri (V4) and Danar (V5). The second factor has four application treatments of spraying copper: these are, zero concentration, which is spraying with distilled water only (F0), the second is chelated copper 40 mg L-1 (F2), the third is nano-copper 10 mg L-1 (F3) and the fourth is nano-copper 20 mg L-1. The experiment was performed at a split plot system and according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data were collected and analysed statistically using the statistical program (SAS) and the averages were compared with Duncan’s polynomial test at the 0.05 probability level. The number of leaves, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the plant yield per square meter, the early appearance of the curd, the percentage of total soluble solids in the curd, and the concentration of vitamin C in the broccoli were examined. The results of the experiment showed the superiority of the Danar hybrid in the number of leaves, while the Zen hybrid was superior in the diameter of the stem and the 2004 hybrid was distinguished in the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the early appearance of the curd, the highest yield per square meter, the best total soluble solids ratio, and the highest concentration of vitamin C in the curd. The results also showed that foliar spraying with nano-copper had a positive effect on most vegetative growth characteristics and yield, as the spraying with a concentration of 20 mg L-1 of nano-copper outperformed the percentage of dry matter in the leaves as for the number of leaves and stem diameter, the highest values were recorded in the plant yield per square meter, in the percentage of total soluble solids, and the concentration of vitamin C in the crop.
Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen
Authors: Rashid Luay Mohammed , Khalid Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.
The Effect of the Nutritional Value Enhancing of the Diet Provided to Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. by Adding Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Growth Parameters and Food Utilization
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Adnan , Mohammad Mahmoud A.
Published: April 2023

Farmed fish are subjected to different types of stress, including grading, transfer, crowding and vaccination, which can expose the fish to different risks. Therefore, researchers are resorted to the use of many feed additives. The aim of the current research is to promote growth and reduce oxidative stress by adding different levels of organic selenium with or without vitamin α-tocopherol. A total of 24 glass aquariums are used to feed 168 common carp fingerlings, Cyprinus carpio L., with an average weight of 31 ± 2 gm/fish on eight experimental diets with three replications for each treatment. The diets offered to the fish include the control (diet 1), while organic selenium is added in the form of seleniumthionine, in proportions of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/kg (second, third and fourth diets). The fifth, sixth and seventh diets all include the same amounts of organic selenium along with 300 mg/kg of α-tocopherol, while the eighth diet only has α-tocopherol. The statistical analysis reveals that the addition of organic selenium, α-tocopherol, or both lead to a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the parameters of final weight, total weight gain, daily growth rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value compared to the control diet.
Effect of Lambing Season on Milk Quality and Hygiene of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Al-Hamdani Abdul Rhman B. , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar , Al-Hamdani Khalid H. S.
Published: April 2023

The current study was carried out from October 15, 2021, to June 15, 2022, in the area of animal production at the Agricultural Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq. 24 Awassi ewes between the ages of 2-3, were employed in the study and split into two groups. In the first group, 12 ewes had winter lambs in December–January and 12 ewes had spring lambs in March–April. This was required to determine how the season affected some productive and biochemical blood features. The milk yield and its component of Awassi sheep, in addition to measuring the weights of the ewes and lambs, the weight gain every two weeks, final weight gain, relative growth rate, and some biochemical characteristics, as well as the number of somatic cells in milk, the estrus of the ewes was standardized using vaginal sponges. The results revealed that the body weight of ewes with spring births in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth weeks was significantly (P0.05) greater than that of ewes with spring births. There was a substantial (P0.05) rise in the average weight of lambs with spring births in the tenth and twelfth weeks of the trial, as well as a significant increase in the relative growth rate of lambs with spring births in the tenth week. In addition, the total rate of weight gains increased. The season had a noticeable effect on milk production, as ewes with spring births produced significantly more milk in the second, fourth, eighth, and tenth weeks after birth. In the eighth and tenth week of the experiment, nonfat solids were consumed. Except for the fourth week of the trial, the number of somatic cells in the milk of spring-born ewes increased significantly (P0.05) in all other weeks of the study. The weights of ewes and lambs, as well as the total weight gain, increased during the spring. furthermore, the proportions of fat, protein, and solid non-fat percentage increased significantly. In addition to an increase in the number of somatic cells and the prevalence of mastitis, the milk of spring-born ewes is non-fatty.
Effect of Cotton and Soybean Intercropping on the Production Indicators of the Two Crops
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Kalil , Aziz Jasim Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The results of the competitive indicators between cotton and soybean showed that the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for soybean crop (Lb) was greater than that of cotton (La) in the distance of 10 cm and for all IS’S as well as the planting distances of 15, 20 and 25 cm at the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean. While planting at a distance of 15, 20, and 25 cm, when IS (1: 1) and (1: 2) cotton: soybean, LER for cotton (La) was greater than for soybean (Lb). It also gave Crop Performance Ratio (CPR) for cotton higher than soybean when planting at a distance of 15, 20 and 25 cm in all IS’S, as well as when planting at a distance of 10 cm when IS’S were (1: 2) and (2: 2) cotton: soybeans. The values of Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) were higher for the soybean than for cotton under IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean when planting at a distance of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm, while the Land Equivalent Coefficient (LEC) values gave yield advantage in IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybeans, for all planted distances, and it ranged between, 0.25-0.33. The values of the Competition Ratio (CR) for cotton were higher than one in the IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybean at all planting distances. While the values of (CR) were greater than one for soybean at the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean and for all planting distances. The aggressivity (A) for cotton was positive in the IS of 2 cotton: 2 soybean and negative for the IS of 1 cotton: 2 soybean at all planting distances.
Response of Barley Cultivars to Weed Control with Herbicides and Datura Leaf Extract and Its Reflection on Growth Indicators
Authors: Safi Suhad Mathkoor A. , Hammood Watheq Falhi , Al-Khaldy Rafid Ahmed Abbas
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out to find out the effect of selected chemical herbicides (Crash+ U46-Combifiluid) and Datura leaf extract (4 leaf age) on companion weeds of two barley cultivars (IPA99 and IPA 265), coupled with certain growth indicators of these two cultivars. The results showed the superiority of the two treatments of spraying weed herbicides (T1) and Datura leaf extract (T2), as they recorded the lowest weed dry weight amounted to 4.75 and 17.18 grams/meters-2. Along with, the highest inhibition ratio in dry weight was 96.14% and 86.09%, the highest number of tillers was 522.00 and 428.00 tiller. meters -2, the highest plant height of 104.34 and 98.28 cm, the highest flag leaf area was 13.28 and 10.34 cm2. Besides, the highest dry weight of 1343.80 and 1207.50 grams/meters-2 for the two treatments respectively, compared with the control treatment (Weedy) T3, which recorded the highest weed dry weight of 122.16 grams/meters-2. In the same role, the lowest inhibition ratio of 0.00%, and the lowest number of tillers was 322.50 tillers. meters-2, the lowest plant height, the lowest flag leaf area, and the lowest dry weight were 86.98 cm and 7.35 cm2, and 906.90 grams/meters-2, respectively. Furthermore, the IPA 99 cultivar was significantly superior by giving the lowest weed dry weight of 42.90 grams/meters-2, the highest inhibition ratio of 64.24%, the highest plant height of 103.25 cm, and the highest dry weight of 1175.80 grams/meters-2. In comparison, the above cultivar exceeded the IPA 265 cultivar, which recorded the highest dry weight of weed of 53.16 grams/meters-2 and lowest averages for plant height and plant dry weight of 89.93 cm and 1129.80 cm2 respectively. The two cultivars did not differ significantly in the number of tillers. meters-2 and leaf area cm2. It was observed that the cultivars could reduce the weed’s dry weights and thus inhibit its growth, meaning that it had the ability to compete with the companion weeds. The two treatments T1 and T2 were superior with IPA 99 & IPA 265 by giving the best combination in reducing the weed dry weight by 88 and 5.61 grams/meters-2, the inhibition ratio was 96.79% and 95.50%, the number of tillers was 531.70 and 512.30 tiller. meters-2. In addition to the dry weight of the crop plants was 1360.00 and 1327.70 grams/meters-2 for the two treatments and the two cultivars respectively, compared with the treatment T3, which recorded with IPA 99 and IPA 265 the highest dry weight of weed of 119.95 and 124.36 grams/meters-2. On the other hand, the lowest inhibition ratio of 0.00% for both cultivars, the number of tillers was 281.70 and 363.30 tiller. meters-2, and the dry weight of the crop plants were 910.50 and 903.40 grams/meters-2 for the two cultivars respectively.
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield and Its Components for Five Genotypes of Coarse Wheat, Triticum durum Desf L.
Authors: Al-Ziyadi Hanan Dakhel , Al-Taher Faisal Mihbes
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted in the field at the Warka extension to the Agricultural Extension Service Department in the Ministry of Agriculture for the winter season 2022-2021 (north of Muthanna ), With a view to understanding how efficiently five newly introduced genotypes of coarse wheat and determining the best ones for the region’s conditions under the influence of different planting dates, The experiment was applied using Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) and Split Plot Design, along with three replications. the four dates for sowing (1/11, 10/11, 20/11 and 30/11) occupied the main plates, while the genotypes (G1133, G65 and G1105 and G1229 and the approved variety for comparison, Bohooth-7, Divided Plots. The findings indicated that the first meeting D1 (1/11) outperformed the number of spikes and the weight of one thousand grains with averages of (334.7 spikes/m2 and 49.99g), while the second date D2 (10/11) was superior in terms of spike count and grain weight, with averages of (50.00 grains, spike-1. and 13.92 tons.ha-1), while the third date D3 (20/11) exceeded the harvest index by (34.57%), While genotype G65 achieved the highest biological yield of 13.00 tons.ha-1, and genotype G1229 achieved the highest average number of spikes, which amounted to 3493 spikes.m-2, and genotype G1133 gave having the most grains per spike, which amounted to 50.97 grains. Spike-1, while the genotype gave Genetic G1105 The highest weight of a thousand grains was 43.93 g.
Relationship of Improving Triticale Stored Seed Field Emergence by α-Amylase Enzyme on some Growth Characteristic and Biological Yield
Authors: Muhammed Balsam Salih , Mohammed Labed Sharief
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the season 2021-2022. The experiment aimed to test the stimulating efficiency of stored triticale seed (Farah variety) by using water and alpha-amylase (α-amylase) enzyme. The experiment was carried out using a split plots arrangement, and the treatments were distributed according to a randomized complete block design in three replications. The main plots contained seed storage treatments for 6 months, 1.5, and 2.5 years, and the subplots treatments included seed stimulation treatments with distilled water, and concentrations of 1 and 2 mg L-1 in addition to the control treatment (dry seeds). The results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of emergence, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), biological yield, and harvest index by increasing the storage period which did not affect the chlorophyll index in leaves significantly. Stimulation with the concentration of 1 mg L-1 recorded the best improvement in the characteristics of emergence percentage (88.77%), crop growth rate (0.02395 gm day-1), and harvest index (38.80 %). Stimulated seeds with a concentration of 2 mg L-1 gave the highest biological yield of 15.108 tons ha-1. However, it did not differ significantly from the stimulation treatment of 1 mg L-1. Stimulation factors did not affect the net assimilation rate and chlorophyll index. The interaction between factors was not significant according to the analysis of variance with the exception of the trait of biological yield, and the best interaction was between storage treatment for 6 months and concentration of 1 mg L-1 in most of the traits under study.
Response of Cultivars of Maize (Zea mays.L) to Silicon under the Influence of Water Stress
Authors: Alkhafagi Hayder Hilal Abbas , Alnuaimi Jassim Jawad Jader
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out in the autumn season 2021 to find out the effectiveness of (silicon) in the performance of maize cultivars by the effect of water stress. The split-split plot experiment was designed with RCBD design with three Replication, including(3) irrigation Treatments (I3, I2, I1) placed in the main plot, while the secondary panels They were include to the concentrations of spraying with silicon (potassium silicate) (K2SiO3) (C3,C2,C1). As for the varieties (V3, V2, V1), respectively, they were placed in the sub-sub secondary panels. The results showed that there were significant differences for the irrigation treatment when depleting 50% of the available water (I1) and its interactions with the concentrations of silicon (C) and varieties (V) in the relative water content of the leaves %, the number of cob.plant-1, the weight of 500 grains(g.m) and the total yield(ton.h-1), as the combination (v2*c3*I1) achieved The highest average of the traits was 87.73%, 1.4333 (cob. plant-1), 96.21(gm.500grains), 5.553 (tons. H-1) respectively. And there were no significant differences between the depletion treatments (50, 70%) of the available water and between the two combinations (v2*c3*I1) and (v2*c3*I2) which achieved similar rates in the average of the aforementioned traits. The lowest rate for the traits was When the depletion treatment was 90% available water (I3) and its interactions, where the combination ((v1*c1*I3) achieved the lowest rates of 58.62%, 0.7667 (cob. plant-1), 74.07(gm.500 grains), 2.810 (ton. H-1). respectively, The results of the table show that the binary interaction between the water depletion coefficients and silicon concentrations (I*C) is significantly superior to the interaction (I1*C3) (50%, 1.5 ml/L-1 silicon) Significant superiority in the average of the above-mentioned traits reached 85.20%, 1.3222 (cob. plant-1), 94.13 (gm.500 grains), 5.383 (ton. H-1) respectively, and the lowest rate was when overlapping (I3 * C1) for all traits under study. The effect of the depletion treatments (I) was superior to the depletion treatment (I1) 50% of available water for all characteristics. The binary interaction between the depletion treatments and cultivars (I*V) led to the superiority of the interaction (I1*V2), as it also gave the highest rate for the previous traits and it reached 83.39%, 1.3522 (cob.plant-1), 93.36(gm.500grains) (5.363. ton.h-1) respectively. As for the lowest rate of traits, it was at the overlap (I3*V1). The highest rate of traits for the cultivars was Sumer (V2). The binary interaction between the cultivars and the concentrations (C*V) was significant when the interaction (C3*V2) gave the highest rates for the previous traits, which amounted to 78.90%, 1.3144 (cob. Plant-1), respectively, and the highest rate of the characters was at the concentration (C3) (1.5 ml/L-1), while the lowest rate of the characters was when the measurement treatment without spraying (C1) (0 ml/L-1).
Isolation, Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus spp. and Evaluation of Its Efficacy in Producing the Antibiotic Pleurotin
Authors: Hassan Abdullah Abdulkareerm , Awad Maarib Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Fruit bodies of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus, were collected for 5 isolates symbolized by Has.AA-10, Has.AA-11, Has.AA-12, Has.AA-13 and Has. AA-14, which was initially diagnosed according to phenotypic characteristics. Fungal isolates were identified to the species level using the nucleotide sequence analysis method for 5.8S rRNA as P.ostreatus .strain Has.AA-10, P. floridanus strain Has.AA-12, P. cornucopiae strain Has.AA-13, P. cystidiosus strain Has.AA-11 and P. eryngii var. ferulae strain Has.AA-14 and registered in the world Gene Bank at the NCBI website with accession numbers KX688447.1, MK281340.1, KX787088.1, AB115054.1 and KU612924.1, respectively. The purity of pleurotin was tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which showed a concentration of 7.68 μg/ml for the purified pleurutin from Pleurotus spp. The results showed that the highest pluorotin was recorded in presence of crushed sunflower seeds and wheat bran compared with the absence of those supplements in all tested media, while the results showed that no pluorutin was recorded as a result of the non-growth of all Pleurotus spp. in all media supplemented with crushed soybeans. The highest plurotin reached 24.67, 24, 21.35 and 20.99 mg/L in the treatment of P. cornucopiae grown in the (wheat straw + rice husks mixture), (barley straw + rice husk mixture), wheat straw and corn cobs supplemented with crushed sunflower seeds, respectively, while the lowest plurotin concentrations were 0.26, 1.13, 2.11 and 2.66 mg/L in Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown in the unsupplemented corn cobs, wheat straw, (wheat straw + rice husks mixture) and (barley straw + rice husks mixture), respectively.
The modification of channel system in Tahai lowland irrigation area to improve drainability
Authors: Zelvi Z , Istiarto  , Waluyati L R
Published: April 2023

The Tahai lowland irrigation area relies on rainwater as a source of irrigation water. The channel system network in Tahai is comb-type with a primary channel connected to the Kahayan River and the end of the primary channel is not connected with other flow sources. The end of the secondary channel is also no longer connected with the collector channel. This condition impacts dissolved solids deposition at the end of the channels. Hydraulic simulations need to be conducted to determine the spread of dissolved solids derived from the fields in the existing water channel system. The existing water channel system could be transformed into a one-way flow system with a right collector channel to expedite water drainage into the Kahayan River. This water channel system plan is also modeled and simulated using HEC-RAS. Hydraulic simulations showed an improvement in channel drainability. At the end of the simulation, the number of dissolved solids in the secondary channel in the one-way flow system was less than that in the existing water channel system.
Response of seed production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on different dosages of compound NPK fertilizer and rice straw mulch
Authors: Suwardi  , Rozaq F M , Syaban R A , Ali F Y
Published: April 2023

Peanut is an important protein source of agricultural commodity in Indonesia because it has high economic value and plays a strategic role in national food supply. In recent years, peanut production across the country has been declining, so it needs to be improved through various efforts such as intensification, land expansion, and per-land increase.The research was conducted from October 2021 to February 2022 at IP2TP Genteng Banyuwangi, used Factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor was compound NPK fertilizer dosages, i.e. 200; 300 and 400 kg/ha. The second factor was rice straw mulch dosages, i.e. 0; 3 and 6 ton/ha. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Compound NPK fertilizer dosages didn’t affect all observation variables. On the other hand, the dose of rice straw mulch had a highly significant effect on plant height at 15 DAP (M2 = 8.99 cm) and 30 DAP (M2 = 22.35 cm). The interaction of compound NPK fertilizers and rice straw mulching doses was associated with branch number 15 DAP (D2M2 = 2.10), pod dry weight per plot (D2M2 = 1.80 kg), and seed production per hectare (D2M2 = 2.48 tons) demonstrated to have a significant impact.
Response of growth and production of melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorous) on different concentrations of AB mix fertilizer and gibberellin in tefa smart green house polije
Authors: Kurniasari L , Azizah M , Cahyaningrum D T , Rohman F , Dinata G F
Published: April 2023

Melon is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia because it has high commercial value and broad market target. TEFA SGH Polije has been known as an agribusiness producer of high-quality melons in Jember and it needs to be developed to increase productivity and economic profit. This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of AB Mix and Gibberellins and their interactions on increasing the growth and production of hydroponically cultivated melons. This research was conducted from June to August 2022 at TEFA SGH Polije at 90 msl. This research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the AB mix concentrations, i.e., 1,400; 1,600; 1,800 and 2,000 ppm. The second factor was the gibberellin concentrations, i.e., 0; 30; 60; 90; 120 and 150 ppm. Each treatment combinations were repeated three times, so there were 72 experimental units. Each experimental unit used 3 plant samples. Observation variables were stem diameter, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit flesh thickness, total soluble solids and leaf chlorophyll content. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The interaction between AB Mix and gibberellin had significant effects on stem diameter and fruit flesh thickness.
Exploration of bacterial diversity from the soil of citrus plantations applied with organic fertilizer and salicylic acid
Authors: Siswadi E , Sulistyono NBE , Firgiyanto R , Dinata GF , Suharjono
Published: April 2023

The abundance of bacteria in citrus plantations has not been widely studied. This study aims to explore and evaluate the abundance of soil bacteria on citrus plantations. Several treatments were given to them, organic fertilizer and plant resistance inducers. The research was carried out in July - September 2022 at the Innovation Garden and at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Politeknik Negeri Jember. This study initiated the application of treatment on citrus plantations and isolation of bacteria using multilevel dilution technique. The design used was a randomized block design, which consisted of the application of organic fertilizer and salicylic acid. Organic fertilizer application consists of control, half dose, and recommended dose. Application of 100 ppm salicylic acid watered to the plant. There were 6 treatments, with 3 replications and 2 plants each, a total of 36 plants. The results showed that 45 various bacteria were found with different morphology with a total population 20x109 - 20x1011 CFU/gr. All treatments gave almost the same results. The application of 20 kg of organic fertilizer and 100 ppm of salicylic acid gave the highest bacterial diversity as shown by the number of different bacterial isolates. The combination of organic fertilizer and salicylic acid provides new information about the abundance and diversity of bacteria in citrus plantations.
The effectiveness of beyonic startmix organic biological fertilizer on growth and yield of Inpari rice 30
Authors: Rahman N , Sriharti  , Anggara C E W , Astro H M , Purwandoko P B , Rahman N , Fitriani H , Anggraheni Y G D , Luthfiyanti R , Andriansyah R C E , Rohyani  , Kania S
Published: April 2023

Increasing agricultural production, especially rice, uses a lot of chemical fertilizers, which can have a negative effect on the environment. The solution sought to overcome the impact of using chemical fertilizers is using biological organic fertilizer (POH) beyonic startmix, which contains microorganisms that provide plant nutrients, produce growth hormones, and protect plants from pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the effect of startmix beyonic organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of inpari 30 rice. The study was carried out in the Motekar farmer group’s paddy fields in Jabong Village, Pagaden District, Subang Regency. The study lasted four months, starting from January to April 2018. The study used a field experiment method using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) pattern, which consisted of 2 treatments, namely with fertilization and without fertilization with startmix beyonic biological organic fertilizer, each carried out on three plots with five replicates. Parameters observed included plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, the weight of 1000 dry grain seeds, and grain yield. The results showed that applying POH significantly affected the number of tillers, panicles, and paddy yields. The yield of dry milled grain with POH was, on average, 7.463 tons/ha, 16.91% higher than without POH fertilization at 6.201 tons/ha on average.
Effect of storage on microbiological properties of probiotic yogurt with podang urang mango (Mangifera indica L.) extracts
Authors: Afiyah D N , Sarbini R N , Arief I I , Suryati T
Published: April 2023

Yoghurt is the coagulation of milk products produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Podang Urang Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has good nutrition and active compounds that can inhibit the growth of microorganism in the product. The purpose of this study is to determine the storage effect on the microbiological quality of probiotic yoghurt added with Podang Urang Mango extracts. In order to make yoghurt, 3% (v/v)Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubspbulgaricusRRAM-01 andStreptococcus salivariussubspthermophilusRRAM-01 and 4% mango extracts added. This study used a CRD with factor the duration of storage at cold temperatures (4°C) at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days with 4 replications. Variables observed are determination of active compounds and antimicrobial activity of the extract, calculating the TPC, LAB, coliform,Salmonella, andS. aureusin yoghurt. The research showed that the mango extract’s active compounds included alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. Compounds in the extract have inhibitory activity towardsS. aureus, E. ColiandB. cereusin populations less than 5.00 log cfu/mL. Cold temperatures significantly affected (P<0.05) TPC andS. aureuson the 21st day. However, there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on LAB, coliforms, andSalmonella.
Design of rapid desiccated air-tray dryer machine with ergonomic approach
Authors: Mayasti N K I , Purcawadikesit E , Indriati A , Haryanto A , Hanifah U , Karim M A , Hasani Siregar Y , Anggara Cahya Edi Wahyu , Purwandoko Pradeka Brilyan
Published: April 2023

Occupational Health and Safety is one aspect of increasing work productivity. Increased productivity can be obtained when machine tool operators feel safe and comfortable operating the machine. The study aimed to evaluate the design of a rapid desiccated air-tray dryer using an ergonomic approach with anthropometric methods. Anthropometric data used in the design include shoulder height in standing, arm length when stretched forward, and arm length when stretched sideways. The data obtained were processed and tested for uniformity, data adequacy, and determining percentile. The study results, the length of the existing 170cm machine is close to the recommended size of 175 cm (length of the arm to the side of P50). The height of the existing desiccant tank is 170.9 cm more than the recommended 123.55 cm (shoulder height P5), the height of the existing drying cabinet is 155 cm. Higher than recommended 123.55 cm (shoulder height P5), the door is too wide 72.8 cm. In comparison, side arm span (P5) 64.5 cm, engine setting in squat position (55 cm). a solution that can be done by making a ladder for the process of inserting the desiccant so that the legs can rest higher; make two cabinet doors so that the span of the hands is not too wide; drying cabinet rack and machine setting box are changed to 123.55 height according to shoulder height for comfort when working.
Functional characteristics of composite flour made from fermented cassava flour and soy protein concentrate containing porang glucomannan
Authors: Anggraeni A A , Triwitono P , Lestari L A , Harmayani E
Published: April 2023

In this study, the functional characteristics of composite flour from fermented cassava flour (FCF) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) containing porang glucomannan (PGM) were examined. The composite flour was made from FCF and SPC (9:1). PGM was added at 0, 4, 8, and 12 g in 100 g of composite flour. Wheat flour (WF) and FCF were also evaluated to study each ingredient’s effect. The functional characteristic studied included solvent retention capacity (SRC), oil binding capacity (OBC), emulsion properties, foaming properties, and least gelation concentration. SPC or PGM increased the SRC for water, sodium carbonate, and lactic acid. Adding PGM to the composite flour increased the OBC value. However, SPC slightly decreased the emulsion activity, and PGM decreased the emulsion activity completely. FCF did not have emulsion stability at all, and the presence of SPC or PGM could not improve the emulsion stability. The foam capacity of composite flour containing PGM at the level of 4 and 8 g in 100 g flour did not significantly (p<0.05) differ from that of wheat flour. PGM was able to keep the foam stability of the composite flour. These composite flours might be used to produce cookies.
Assessment and Zoning of Emission Coefficient Kv, Coefficient Kq of Receiving Water and Wastewater Discharge with Column A and B by using GIS Technology: Case Study of Binh Dinh Province
Authors: Hong Nguyen Van , Son Tran Minh , Thuong Le Duc
Published: April 2023

The development of GIS brings several advantages for environmental protection and management in Binh Dinh province. This technology has huge potential to overcome the disadvantages of ground-based monitoring sites and can provide additional information on the geographical representation of environmental quality at the regional level. The objective of this study is to use GIS technology to develop a map for rapid identification of the emission coefficient Kv (Kv), coefficient Kq of receiving water (Kq), and wastewater discharge with columns A and B in national environmental regulations. This study also used the ArcGIS tool and map overlay method to merge data with several GIS’ layers. The results show the maps of emissions coefficient Kv in the province are as 5 regions with a coefficient Kv = 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 based on the current state of urban development, socio-economy, industrial zones, special-use forests, natural heritages, historical and cultural relics, urban areas, rural areas. For the coefficients Kq (Kq = 0.9) corresponding to the flow rate (Qmean) of receiving water of all rivers, streams, canals, and channels in Binh Đinh province (Qmean < 50 m3/s). The other result shows that the wastewater river basin from the downstream of the river to the estuary or lagoon usually is the zoning of wastewater discharge column B.
Opportunities and Challenges of UAV Application for Monitoring the Construction Progress and Updating the Geographic Database in Urban Area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Trung Le Van , Phu Vo Le , Trang Tran Ngoc Huyen , Khai Ha Quang
Published: April 2023

Authorities of the Ho Chi Minh City have expressed an interest in developing application solutions of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) that are able to monitor construction progress at different stages of any project; and to update cadastral maps for improving geospatial information for decision-making. This paper aims to describe new opportunities of using UAV in monitoring and mapping at Thu Duc district, and to address main challenges from different aspects and limitations that help engineers to improve the procedures and accuracy of UAV images processing. Some specific application cases focused on monitoring construction progress, cadastral mapping and updating the database are also introduced for understanding how UAV solutions can be applied as one tool to improve the analysis of land use change and infrastructure management in the urban area. In addition, the analysed results also shown how to develop the flight planning and the suitable Ground Control Points (GCPs) with challenges from different aspects in application solutions in capturing necessary data on monitoring construction progress and updating cadastral maps with large scale (1:200 and 1:500).
Assessing land use/land cover change and its driving forces using GIS technique: case study in Kon Tum province
Authors: Vinh Le Huu , Canh Truong Thanh , Binh Nguyen Thanh , Ha Phan Thi , The Ngo Minh , Vuong Nguyen Dinh , Tu Le Hoang , Huyen Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2023

In recent years, land use changes in Kon Tum province have been significantly transformation. Hence, there is an urgent need for Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change assessment in Kon Tum province during two recent decades. The present study employed GIS technique to examine potential changes in different land-use types between 2005-2010, 2010-2015 and 2015-2020 periods. To do this, several LULC maps representing the existing condition of LULC for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were subjected to the GIS technique. The outcomes show that there was significant conversion in agricultural land (NNP), increasing from 10.38% (2005) to 29.87% (2020) of the total study area. Furthermore, about 30.08% of unused land (CSD) and more than 10% of forest land (LNP) area were converted into agricultural land during each period. However, a large proportion of agricultural land (about 25.2%) was converted into other types of land use for the three periods. On the other hand, other types of land use coded as residential land (OTC) and built-up land (PNN) experienced large changes of about 171.66% and 245.67, and CSD exhibited a strong decrease (-99,83%) during 2005-2020 period. Several factors including climate change, international economic integration, science and technology, population growth and human resources, land resources, infrastructure, market, and policies of the local government were identified as driving forces of the LULC change in the province. Overall, it is expected that these findings will be conducive to the establishment of a general framework for land use planning in Kon Tum province.
Dehn surgery on knots—tracing the evolution of research
Authors: Motegi Kimihiko
Published: April 2023

Every closed orientable

3
3

-manifold is obtained from the

3
3

-sphere

S
3

S^3

by Dehn surgery on a link, and thus Dehn surgery is a useful way to construct

3
3

-manifolds. In this survey article we restrict our attention to Dehn surgery on knots in

S
3

S^3

and take a quick look at the evolution of study on this field along developments of

3
3

-dimensional topology.
Semiclassical asymptotic distribution of resonances created by homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories
Authors: Fujiié Setsuro
Published: April 2023

Here we review a part of the joint work with Jean-François Bony, Thierry Ramond and Maher Zerzeri [Astérisque 405 (2018), pp. vii+314] on the semiclassical distribution of resonances for Schrödinger operators in a complex neighborhood of a fixed energy, assuming that the trapped set of the underlying classical dynamics on the energy surface consists of hyperbolic fixed points and associated homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories. Based on a microlocal theory of solutions near a hyperbolic fixed point established by Bony, Fujiié, Ramond, and Zerzeri [J. Funct. Anal. 252 (2007), pp. 68–125], we compute the quantization condition of resonances and prove its accuracy. We will see in particular that the principal term of the imaginary part of resonances is

−

D
0

h

-D_0 h

, where

D
0

D_0

is the minimum over all ‘cycles’ in the trapped set of what we call damping index defined in terms of the exponents at the hyperbolic fixed points therein. We will also see the subprincipal term of order

h

/

|

log
⁡
h

|

h/|\log h|

. In this scale, resonances present various interesting distributions reflecting the geometry of the classical dynamics.
Preprint Highlight: 7-UP: generating in silico CODEX from a small set of immunofluorescence markers
Authors: Zaritsky Assaf
Published: April 2023

Multiplexed molecular imaging enables the characterization of the spatial organization of different cell types in their native tissue context but is an expensive and labor-intensive technology. This study presents 7-UP, a method that computationally generates 40 protein expression markers, at single-cell resolution, from a panel of seven experimentally measured multiplexed immunofluorescence markers. The method relies on machine learning–optimized selection of seven markers and inclusion of spatial context from the raw image that together enable reconstruction of the full protein panel. 7-UP was validated by demonstrating accurate prediction of 16 cell types and patient outcomes in head and neck cancer data sets and generalized to an unseen cancer type. 7-UP can infer rich single-cell molecular profiles from commonly available multiplexed immunofluorescence assays.

This preprint has been assigned the following badges: New Methods, Open Software, Cross-Validation.

Read the preprint on bioRxiv ( Wu et al., 2022 ): https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.03.494624 .
Normative values for grip strength, gait speed, timed up and go, single leg balance, and chair rise derived from the Canadian longitudinal study on ageing
Authors: Mayhew Alexandra J , So Hon Y , Ma Jinhui , Beauchamp Marla K , Griffith Lauren E , Kuspinar Ayse , Lang Justin J , Raina Parminder
Published: April 2023

Background

decreased muscle strength and physical function often precede disability, nursing home admission, home care use and mortality in older adults. Normative values for commonly used physical performance-based tests are not widely available for older adults but are required for clinicians and researchers to easily identify individuals with low performance.

Objective

to develop normative values for grip strength, gait speed, timed up and go, single-leg balance and five-repetition chair rise tests in a large population-based sample of Canadians aged 45–85 years.

Methods

baseline data (2011–2015) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Ageing was used to estimate age- and sex-specific normative values for each of the physical tests. Participants were without disability or mobility limitation (no assistance with activities of daily living or use of mobility devices).

Results

of the 25,470 participants eligible for the analyses 48.6% (n = 12,369) were female with a mean age of 58.6 ± 9.5 years. Sex-specific 5th, 10th, 20th, 50th, 80th, 90th and 95th percentile values for each physical performance-based test were estimated. Cross-validation (n = 100 repetitions) with a 30% holdout sample was used to evaluate model fit.

Conclusions

the normative values developed in this paper can be used in clinical and research settings to identify individuals with low performance relative to their peers of the same age and sex. Interventions targeting these at-risk individuals including physical activity can prevent or delay mobility disability and the resulting cascade of increasing care requirements, health care costs and mortality.
Fossil pollen resolves origin of the South African Proteaceae as transcontinental not transoceanic
Authors: Lamont Byron B , He Tianhua , Cowling Richard M
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

The prevailing view from the areocladogenesis of molecular phylogenies is that the iconic South African Cape Proteaceae (subfamily Proteoideae) arrived from Australia across the Indian Ocean during the Late Cretaceous (100–65 million years ago, Ma). Since fossil pollen indicates that the family probably arose in North-West Africa during the Early Cretaceous, an alternative view is that it migrated to the Cape from North-West-Central Africa. The plan therefore was to collate fossil pollen records throughout Africa to determine if they are consistent with an African (para-autochthonous) origin for the Cape Proteaceae, and to seek further support from other palaeo-disciplines.

Methods

We used palynology (identity, date and location of records), molecular phylogeny and chronogram preparation, biogeography of plate tectonics, and palaeo-atmospheric and ocean circulation models.

Key Results

Our collation of the rich assemblage of Proteaceae palynomorphs stretching back to 107 Ma (Triorites africaensis) in North-West Africa showed its progressive overland migration to the Cape by 75–65 Ma. No key palynomorphs recorded in Australia–Antarctica have morphological affinities with African fossils but specific clade assignment of the pre-Miocene records is not currently possible. The Cape Proteaceae encompass three molecular-based clades (tribes) whose most recent apparent ancestors are sisters to those in Australia. However, our chronogram shows that the major Adenanthos/Leucadendron-related clade, originating 54–34 Ma, would have ‘arrived’ too late as species with Proteaceae affinities were already present ~20 million years earlier. The Franklandia/Protea-related clade arose 118–81 Ma so its distinctive pollen should have been the foundation for the scores of palynomorphs recorded at 100–80 Ma, but it was not. Also, the prevailing winds and ocean currents trended away from South Africa rather than towards, as the ‘out-of-Australia’ hypothesis requires. Based on the evidence assembled here, we list three points favouring an Australian origin and nine against; four points favouring an Antarctic origin and seven against; and nine points favouring a North-West-Central African origin and three against.

Conclusions

We conclude that a gradual migration of the Proteaceae from North-West-Central Africa southeast→south→southwest to the Cape and its surroundings occurred via adaptation and speciation during the period 95–70 Ma. We caution that incorrect conclusions may be drawn from literal interpretations of molecular phylogenies that neglect the fossil record and do not recognize the possible confounding effects of selection under matched environments leading to parallel evolution and extinction of bona fide sister clades.