bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Photoluminescence Properties of α‐CsPbI3 Nanocrystals with High Quantum Yield
Authors: Sun Chunyu , Wang Xinzhan , Qiu Pengfei , Mou Xuejiao , Lu Wanbing , Teng Xiaoyun , Fu Guangsheng , Yu Wei
Published: August 2022

Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties of high quality cubic phase α‐CsPbI3 nanocrystals are investigated, and thermal transfer from free excitons to trapped excitons is observed. Free exciton recombination is the main origin of the high PL quantum yield (97%) at room temperature. Little change of PL peak energy is observed with decreasing temperature from 280 to 200 K, and it shifts from 1.84 to 1.81 eV in the region of 200 and 80 K. The PL peak intensity decreases with decreasing temperature first and then increases, and the minimum value is observed at 180 K. Two PL bands are obtained by Gaussian fittings in the PL spectra detected at different temperatures, and the high energy band is attributed to the emission of free excitons, while that for the low energy band is related to the transition of trapped excitons. The PL integrated intensity ratio of trapped exciton and free exciton transition increases from 0.18 to 2.10 with decreasing the temperature, which suggests that thermal transfer from free exciton to trapped exciton states leads to the dominant optical emission of trapped exciton recombination in the low temperature region.
Differences in the genetic structure between and within two landlocked Ayu groups with different migration patterns in Lake Biwa revealed by environmental DNA analysis
Authors: Tsuji Satsuki , Shibata Naoki , Sawada Hayato , Watanabe Katsutoshi
Published: August 2022

Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) is largely an annual amphidromous fish, although a landlocked population lives in Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. The landlocked population comprises two migrant groups, spring migrants and autumn migrants, which run to inlet rivers from the lake at different seasons. We used environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, which is reported to be more sensitive and cost‐effective than capture surveys, to clarify the genetic structure of this landlocked Ayu population with different migration patterns in Lake Biwa. We took water samples in 11 inlet rivers in the spring and autumn for 2 years in a row and quantitatively detected a total of 265 haplotypes of the mitochondrial D‐loop region. The pairwise fixation index (FST) value and haplotype diversity indicated that there were genetic differences between the two migrant groups in their respective rivers, and the FST values were negatively related to latitude and the presence of artificial fish stocking. Additionally, isolation by distance within spring migrant group was observed when the lake was divided into the east and west sides. These findings show that the landlocked Ayu population in Lake Biwa has genetic structure associated with migration patterns and geographical distance. This study demonstrates that the eDNA approach will be effective for conducting a large‐scale investigation of genetic structure beyond simple presence/absence tests.
Microwave‐Assisted Bleaching of Olive Pomace Oil: Optimization of Bleaching Parameters and Comparison with Conventionally Bleached Oil
Authors: Seçilmiş Şakir Selçuk , Yanık Derya Koçak , Fadıloğlu Sibel , Göğüş Fahrettin
Published: August 2022

In this research, microwave‐assisted bleaching of olive pomace oil is studied under different conditions. Microwave power, mixing time, and adsorbent dosage are optimized using the response surface central composite design, where the optimum conditions are 102 W, 20.07 min, and 4.15%, respectively. The microwave‐bleached oil is compared with the conventionally bleached oil in terms of color, oxidation parameters, sterol composition, and benzo[a]pyrene content. Microwave‐assisted bleaching of the olive pomace oil is performed by using 17% less adsorbent in an 83% shorter time compared to the conventional method. A bleaching performance comparable to the conventional method is achieved using the microwave‐assisted bleaching technique. Microwave‐assisted bleaching can thus be used as an alternative method for the bleaching of olive pomace oil.

Practical applications: The microwave‐assisted bleaching method presents attractive advantages, including a shorter bleaching time and a lower amount of adsorbent used. In this respect, the current research contributes toward the conventional bleaching method in the vegetable oil refinery industry and creates a paradigm for future studies on the bleaching of vegetable oils.
Bisphenols induce human genomic damage and modulate HERVs/env expression
Authors: Ruberto Stefano , Santovito Alfredo , Simula Elena R. , Noli Marta , Manca Maria A. , Sechi Leonardo A.
Published: August 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA), a recognized endocrine‐disrupting chemical, is used in the production of epoxy and polycarbonate resins. Since human exposure to BPA has been associated with increased cancer susceptibility, the market has shifted to products often labeled as “BPA free” containing BPA analogs such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, the European legislation on BPF and BPS is still unclear. This study analyzed the effects of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using in vitro micronucleus assay. Furthermore, it investigated the impact of bisphenols exposure on human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) expression, which is implicated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The micronucleus assay revealed a significant genotoxic effect in peripheral blood cells after exposure to BPA and BPF at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 μg/ml, and to BPS at 0.1 and 0.05 μg/ml. In addition, BPA exposure seems to upregulate the expression of HERVs, while a downregulation was observed after BPF and BPS treatments. Overall, our data showed the toxic effect of BPA and its analogs on circulating cells in the blood and demonstrated that they could modulate the HERVs expression.
The influence of bedrock river morphology and alluvial cover on gravel entrainment: Part 1. Pivot angles and surface roughness
Authors: Buechel Marcus E. H. , Hodge Rebecca A. , Kenmare Sophie
Published: August 2022

Sediment entrainment in bedrock rivers is a key process for river incision and landscape evolution. Bedrock riverbeds are typically comprised of both exposed bedrock and alluvial patches, meaning grains can be entrained from positions on both surfaces. The critical shear stress needed to entrain a grain will be affected by the topography that the grain is located on, as it determines grain pivot angle and exposure, and impacts the local flow profile. The aim of this pair of articles is to determine how the properties of bedrock surfaces with and without sediment cover affect the grain‐scale geometry of sediment grains, and consequently their critical shear stress. We report experiments using 3D‐printed scaled replicas of fluvial bedrock surfaces, with 0 to 100% additional sediment cover. For each surface, grain pivot angles were measured using a tilt table. In this first article, we report how surface roughness and grain pivot angle vary between surfaces and with different amounts of sediment cover, and we explore the relationship between pivot angles and different metrics for measuring surface roughness. We find that: (1) surface roughness is not necessarily a linear combination of the individual roughness of bedrock and alluvial areas, and the underlying bedrock topography can still influence surface roughness at 100% sediment cover; (2) pivot angles generally, but not always, decrease with increasing grain size relative to surface roughness; (3) changes in pivot angles with increasing sediment cover are best explained by changes in surface roughness at spatial scales comparable to the grain size; and (4) pivot angles are also best explained by roughness metrics that incorporate the direction of roughness with respect to the tilt direction, and the surface inclination. This work provides new insights into the processes behind grain entrainment in bedrock rivers that are critical for determining how landscapes may evolve.
A review of energy management optimization based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy for fuel cell hybrid power systems
Authors: Zhang Huabang , Li Qin , Wang Hongqiang , Li Qingyu , Qin Guofeng , Wu Qiang
Published: August 2022

The high global demand for fossil fuels and resulting climate‐change effects due to air pollution have led to the rapid development of renewable energy sources. Battery and proton exchange membrane fuel cells have high power densities and high energy, and supercapacitors can provide peak power. These devices have the advantages of high thermal efficiencies and no carbon emissions during use, which have far‐reaching applications in the fields of hybrid vehicles and ships. To compensate for the slow dynamic response of fuel cells, batteries or supercapacitors are often used as auxiliary power sources to form hybrid powertrains in practice. Therefore, to take full advantage of the hybrid system, energy coordination between multiple energy sources using an energy management strategy is important. The equivalent consumption minimization strategy has been widely investigated due to its simplicity, small operation, good control, and real‐time optimization. In this paper, the topologies of fuel cell hybrid power systems are first systematically classified and characterized. Then, the calculation of equivalent hydrogen consumption for a battery, fuel cell, and supercapacitor is reviewed. To reduce overall hydrogen consumption and extend the life of fuel cells and batteries, an equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategy is applied to the energy management of hydrogen fuel power systems.
Pertuzumab study in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2‐positive nonmetastatic breast cancer in Australia (PeRSIA)
Authors: Lok Sheau Wen , De Boer Richard , Baron‐Hay Sally , Button Peter , Devitt Bianca , Forster Benjamin C. , Fox Peter , Harold Michael , Ketheeswaran Sahisha , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Kiely Belinda E. , Marx Gavin , Nott Louise , Pellegrini Laura , Tafreshi Ali , Gibbs Peter
Published: August 2022

The pertuzumab study in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2+ nonmetastatic breast cancer in Australia (PeRSIA—ML39622) is an analysis of safety and effectiveness data from the pertuzumab patient registry. Although the prognosis of patients with early stage HER2+ breast cancer has been greatly improved by advances in chemotherapy approximately 25% to 30% of patients develop recurrent disease. Our study aimed to examine the effectiveness of neoadjuvant pertuzumab on surgical outcomes, describe the medium‐term effectiveness outcomes of patients treated with pertuzumab, and describe the planned and actual anticancer treatment regimens that patients received. Deidentified data were collected from the patients' medical records and entered into REDCap, between March 2018 and July 2019 (n = 95). The adverse events (AEs) reported most frequently were diarrhea (20; 21.1%), rash (4; 4.2%), and LVSD (4; 4.2%; two patients during neoadjuvant treatment and two patients during adjuvant treatment). AEs, ≥Grade 3 were diarrhea (2; 2.1%) and LVSD (1; 1.1%). Following surgery, a breast pathological complete response (bpCR) was achieved in 65 patients (70.7%; 95% CI: 60.2%‐79.7%) and total pathological complete response (tpCR) in 59 patients (64.1%; 95% CI: 53.4%‐73.9%). All patients who did not achieve a tpCR obtained a partial response (33/92, 35.9%). Our study is the first to capture real‐world data on the use of pertuzumab in the neoadjuvant setting in Australia. The effectiveness and safety data are consistent with those reported in clinical trials of pertuzumab in patients with HER2+ breast cancer, with no new safety concerns.
Phenotype, genotype, and mating type determination in oral Candida albicans isolates from pediatric patients with neutropenia
Authors: Jafarian Hadis , Gharaghani Maral , Asnafi Ali Amin , Hardani Amir Kamal , Zarei‐Mahmoudabadi Ali
Published: August 2022

Background

The most frequent species of Candida to infect and colonize patients with neutropenia is still Candida albicans. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the phenotype, genotype, and mating type of oral C. albicans isolated from neutropenic pediatric patients, and to investigate how these characteristics are related.

Methods

Two hundred fifty‐four oral samples from patients under 18 years old with neutropenia and malignancies were collected from January to October 2021. Samples were cultured on CHROMagar Candida. Isolates of C. albicans were identified with the germ tube test, chlamydospore production on cornmeal agar, and PCR‐RFLP. Genotyping of C. albicans isolates was carried out by amplifying the 25S rDNA gene with specific CAINT‐L and CA‐INT‐R primers. MTLa1 and MTLα1 primers were used to identify each mating type. Yeast peptone dextrose supplemented with phloxine B was used to identify different phenotypes.

Results

Ninety‐two (36%) patients were positive for C. albicans. The mean age of patients was 7.85. Fifty‐three (58.9%) isolates demonstrated type A, 15 (16.7%) type B, 15 (16.7%) types D/E, and 7 (7.7%) type C. Three isolates each (3.3%) were homozygous for MTLa or homozygous for MTLα. All of the MTL‐homozygous isolates were genotype A. There was a significant correlation between patients' underlying disease and genotype (p = 0.036). There was a significant correlation between mating type and genotype (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Most of the isolates exhibited a white phenotype, noted in the literature as the most virulent. Moreover, heterozygous strains were frequent and may play a role in Candida colonization.
Making an H $H$‐free graph k $k$‐colorable
Authors: Fox Jacob , Himwich Zoe , Mani Nitya
Published: August 2022

We study the following question: How few edges can we delete from any ‐free graph on vertices to make the resulting graph ‐colorable? It turns out that various classical problems in extremal graph theory are special cases of this question. For any fixed odd cycle, we determine the answer up to a constant factor when is sufficiently large. We also prove an upper bound when is a fixed clique that we conjecture is tight up to a constant factor, and prove upper bounds for more general families of graphs. We apply our results to get a new bound on the maximum cut of graphs with a forbidden odd cycle in terms of the number of edges.
Social risk, health inequity, and patient safety
Authors: Boisvert Susan
Published: August 2022

Social factors that affect health are called social determinants. Social determinants may also carry risk, known as social risk. Management and patient safety professionals understand health care and enterprise risk. Social risk may add a new dimension for some. Social risks are probably amenable to the strategies patient safety and risk management professionals already employ, such as enterprise risk management, a culture of safety, and just culture. A large body of evidence suggests that social risks, particularly literacy and discrimination, strongly affect patient safety and well‐being. This paper examines the relationship between social determinants of health and social risks and considers how health care organizations might address literacy and discrimination from the perspective of patient safety and risk management.
Wave digital model of calcium‐imaging‐based neuronal activity of mice
Authors: Jenderny Sebastian , Ochs Karlheinz
Published: August 2022

The modeling of real neuronal networks by close‐to‐biology circuits can contribute to a better understanding of these networks from a circuit theoretical point of view. This can potentially lead to novel design principles for electrical circuits. This modeling process involves the mimicking of real measured neuronal activity, which is often only available as calcium imaging recordings. In this work, we develop a wave digital model as a circuit emulator capable of mimicking the calcium‐imaging‐based neuronal activity of mouse neurons. For this purpose, we design an electrical reference circuit of a mouse neuron based on an extended Morris–Lecar model in combination with an RC circuit. The circuit parameters are determined by a parameter scaling without requiring any parameter optimization. The input signal of the resulting wave digital model is designed based on estimating spike times with the spike inference software MLspike. Wave digital emulations show the successful mimicking of calcium‐based neuronal activity for mouse neurons located in the visual, motor and somatosensory cortex as well the possibility to predict ion currents occurring during this activity. This proves the suitability of the reference circuit as a model for the considered types of mouse neurons. It also implies that the circuit can act as an observer for electrical signals of mouse neurons. This is achieved despite the lack of electrophysiological measurements in most cases. Hence, the proposed wave digital model can be seen as an important step toward being able to verify close‐to‐biology electrical circuits as a model of real neuronal networks without electrophysiology.
Radiomic phenotype of epicardial adipose tissue in the prognosis of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with lone atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ilyushenkova Julia , Sazonova Svetlana , Popov Evgeny , Zavadovsky Konstantin , Batalov Roman , Archakov Evgeny , Moskovskih Tatyana , Popov Sergey , Minin Stanislav , Romanov Alexander
Published: August 2022

Background

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been considered as one of the probable triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF). CT‐rediomics is a perspective noninvasive method of assessment of EAT. We evaluate the radiomic phenotype of EAT in patients with lone AF in the prognosis of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.

Methods

A total of 43 patients with lone AF referred for CA and 20 out‐hospital patients without arrhythmia underwent multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography. Segmentation of EAT and extraction radiomic features were performed on calcium scoring series using by 3D‐Slicer. Clinical follow‐up was performed for 12 months period after the CA.

Results

EAT in patients with lone AF had a distinct radiomic phenotype. Thus, 45 of 93 calculated radiomic features, volume and attenuation of EAT were significantly different between patients with lone AF and persons without any arrhythmia. In addition, 17 radiomic features were significantly different in subgroups with and without AF recurrence. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only gray level nonuniformity normalized (GLSZM) was an independent predictor of AF recurrence (OR 1.0027, 95%CI 1.0009–1.0044, p = 0.002). ROC analysis data showed that GLSZM >1227.4 indicates high probability of AF recurrence during 12 months (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 70.8%, AUC: 0.809; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The radiomic parameter GLSZM is associated with late AF recurrence after CA in patients with lone AF. In current study GLSZM was a stronger predictor of lone AF recurrence in multivariate analysis comparing with other established risk factors and EAT volume and attenuation.
Boosting the Upconversion and Near‐Infrared Emission via Alloying Bi3+ in Cs2NaErCl6 Double Perovskite
Authors: Xu Xin , Han Peigeng , Zheng Daoyuan , Du Kaimin , Li Chunxia , Liu Feng , Zhang Ruiling , Han Keli
Published: August 2022

Recently, lanthanide‐doped halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their unique optical properties, such as upconversion (UC) and near‐infrared (NIR) emission. However, these emitters suffer from low efficiency, limiting further practical applications. Herein, a Bi3+‐alloyed double perovskite, Cs2NaEr0.5Bi0.5Cl6, with strong NIR‐triggered UC and NIR‐II (1000–1700 nm) emission is reported. Cs2NaEr0.5Bi0.5Cl6 exhibits efficient green UC emission with a high quantum yield up to 2.1% and NIR‐II emission peaking at 1541 nm with a quantum yield of 37.9% under 980 nm excitation. The strong UC emission is related with the efficient energy transfer between Er3+ and self‐trapped exciton states induced by corporation of Bi3+ ions. In addition, Bi3+ ions can act as diluters, suppressing the energy loss caused by undesirable successive energy transfer among Er3+ ions, enhancing the UC and NIR‐II emission. Furthermore, a water‐resistant Cs2NaEr0.5Bi0.5Cl6/polydimethylsiloxane film is prepared. Excitingly, Cs2NaEr0.5Bi0.5Cl6 not only shows the potential as a UC thermometry with high sensitivity but also exhibits a high signal to noise ratio in NIR imaging.
A compact non‐formal closed G2manifold with b1=1$b_1=1$
Authors: Martín‐Merchán Lucía
Published: August 2022

We construct a compact manifold with a closed G2structure not admitting any torsion‐free G2structure, which is non‐formal and has first Betti number . We develop a method of resolution for orbifolds that arise as a quotient withMa closed G2manifold under the assumption that the singular locus carries a nowhere‐vanishing closed 1‐form.
X‐chromosomal inactivation patterns in women with Fabry disease
Authors: Wagenhäuser Laura , Rickert Vanessa , Sommer Claudia , Wanner Christoph , Nordbeck Peter , Rost Simone , Üçeyler Nurcan
Published: August 2022

Background

Although Fabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the α‐galactosidase A gene (GLA), women may develop severe symptoms. We investigated X‐chromosomal inactivation patterns (XCI) as a potential determinant of symptom severity in FD women.

Patients and Methods

We included 95 women with mutations in GLA (n = 18 with variants of unknown pathogenicity) and 50 related men, and collected mouth epithelial cells, venous blood, and skin fibroblasts for XCI analysis using the methylation status of the androgen receptor gene. The mutated X‐chromosome was identified by comparison of samples from relatives. Patients underwent genotype categorization and deep clinical phenotyping of symptom severity.

Results

43/95 (45%) women carried mutations categorized as classic. The XCI pattern was skewed (i.e., ≥75:25% distribution) in 6/87 (7%) mouth epithelial cell samples, 31/88 (35%) blood samples, and 9/27 (33%) skin fibroblast samples. Clinical phenotype, α‐galactosidase A (GAL) activity, and lyso‐Gb3 levels did not show intergroup differences when stratified for X‐chromosomal skewing and activity status of the mutated X‐chromosome.

Conclusions

X‐inactivation patterns alone do not reliably reflect the clinical phenotype of women with FD when investigated in biomaterial not directly affected by FD. However, while XCI patterns may vary between tissues, blood frequently shows skewing of XCI patterns.
Non‐fragile control for dynamic event‐triggered networked systems with randomly occurring nonlinearities
Authors: Ge Chao , Liu Chengyuan , Yao Zheng , Chang Chenlei
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the issue of non‐fragile control for a networked control systems (NCSs) with randomly occurring nonlinearities, where an advanced dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) is introduced. First, an improved DETM transmission strategy for NCSs is proposed. Based on the dynamic error of the system, the improved DETM can adaptively adjust the threshold to control the transmission of signals. The balance of the network bandwidth and control performance is excellently regulated by the adaptive threshold rather than a predetermined constant. Second, by taking the networked‐induced delay, DETM, randomly occurring nonlinearities and controller gain perturbation into consideration, a nonlinear system model is established. Next, sufficient stability conditions that can guarantee the mean‐square asymptotical stability are obtained based on the novel two‐side Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) and second‐order generalized free‐matrix‐based integral inequality (GFMBII), which contains more system information and can provide less conservative results. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to verify the advantages of the proposed method.
Calorie Restriction Enhanced Glycogen Metabolism to Compensate for Lipid Insufficiency
Authors: Hu Lili , Xia Xinyi , Zong Yue , Gu Yunjie , Wei Li , Yin Jun
Published: August 2022

Scope

This study aims to investigate the metabolic phenotype and mechanism of 40% calorie restriction (CR) in mice.

Methods and results

CR mice exhibit super‐stable blood glucose, as evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), decreased postprandial blood glucose, and reduced glucose fluctuations. Additionally, both fasting plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increase significantly in CR mice. Compared with control, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates‐1 and serine/threonine kinase decreases in liver and fat but increases in muscle of CR mice after insulin administration, indicating hepatic and adipose insulin resistance, and muscle insulin sensitization. CR reduces visceral fat much more than subcutaneous fat. The elevated FBG is negatively correlated with low‐level fasting β‐hydroxybutyrate, which may result from insufficient free fatty acids and diminishes ketogenic ability in CR mice. Furthermore, liver glycogen increases dramatically in CR mice. Analysis of glycogen metabolism related proteins indicates active glycogen synthesis and decomposition. Additionally, CR elevates plasma corticosterone and hypothalamic orexigenic gene expression.

Conclusion

CR induces lipid insufficiency and stress, resulting in global physiological insulin resistance except muscle and enhances glycogen metabolism, culminating in the stability of blood glucose manifests in increased FBG, which compensates for insufficient blood ketones.
Water movement in sodic soils explained through hands‐on demonstrations
Authors: DeSutter Thomas M. , Derby Nathan
Published: August 2022

Millions of ha of sodic soils exist around the world and the movement of water through these soils is most directly dictated by the concentration of Na and overall electrical conductivity of the soil, and minerology of the clay. Helping farmers, land managers, crop advisors, and students better understand why water moves or does not move in these soils is necessary so that proper management strategies for these soils can occur. The purpose of this article is to provide educators and extension specialists with demonstrations that help describe water movement through sodic and non‐sodic soils. The first demonstration links water movement through sodic soils and how altering the concentration of Na and soluble salts influences water movement. The second demonstration allows audiences to link the movement of water through soil horizons having varying concentrations of Na, soluble salts, and clay. These demonstrations may be useful educational tools on how and why amendments are used for improving water movement within sodic soils and also to show restrictions in water movement through naturally‐occurring natric or clay‐enriched horizons.
Analysis of the relative stability of trigonal and tetrahedral boronate cyclic esters in terms of boronic acid and diol acidities and the strain release effect
Authors: Martínez‐Aguirre Mayte A. , Medrano Felipe , Ramírez‐Rave Sandra , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K.
Published: August 2022

Higher stability of tetrahedral hydroxyboronate cyclic esters of 1,2‐diols in comparison with the respective trigonal esters and the associated increased acidity of the trigonal esters in comparison with free boronic acids are well‐known and important aspects of the thermodynamics of boronate ester formation usually attributed to the strain in O–B–O angle created in the trigonal esters and released in the tetrahedral hydroxyboronates. The stability constants of tetrahedral (Ktet) and trigonal (Ktrig) boronate esters of several aliphatic and aromatic 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols with a series of five boronic acids of variable acidity were determined by potentiometric titrations in water. The ratio Ktet/Ktrig varies from ~10 for cis‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol to ~104 for catechol entirely due to the increase in Ktet for more acidic diols and is weakly affected by the acidity of boronic acids. Analysis of DFT minimized structures of trigonal and tetrahedral esters of phenylboronic acid with cis‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol, 1,4‐anhydroerythritol, and catechol demonstrates the absence of postulated strain release in the tetrahedral esters. A global analysis of new and previously reported relevant data on Ktet, Ktrig, and Ktet/Ktrig values for 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols and different boronic acids in terms of the Brønsted‐type correlations with pKa values of the reaction components shows that Ktet/Ktrig values vary in a wide range from ~1 to ~106, and this variation can be satisfactorily explained by the stabilization of tetrahedral hydroxyboronate cyclic esters by more acidic diols without invoking of the strain release effect.
Managing distress in cancer patients with attachment based interventions: A case report
Authors: Gogne Anupriya , Pineda Jessica
Published: August 2022

Key points

Cancer diagnosis and its lengthy treatment can have profound psychological effects, including shock and disbelief at initial diagnosis, worry, depression with multiple losses and recurrences, and long‐lasting side effects from treatment

Emotional regulation through secure attachments can aid in the recovery process, which could be useful for cancer patients who have heightened attachment needs secondary to emotional and physical vulnerability during the cancer treatment

We discuss the case of a Caucasian woman seeking psychiatric care for distress in the context of cancer diagnosis and treatment, who benefited significantly from supportive and attachment‐based interventions

In concordance with attachment‐based interventions, we focused on building a safe therapeutic relationship, exploring prior trauma, and addressing its role in current interactions with authority figures with the patient. Her ability to adapt and cope with illness was strengthened using mindfulness and self‐soothing

While caring for distressed oncology patients, collaboration of care between the teams involved in treatment can be key to get through challenging situations and impasses during the treatment course
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with cardiac invasion diagnosed using transesophageal ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopic aspiration
Authors: Nagayama Daiki , Sumi Toshiyuki , Keira Yoshiko , Tanaka Yusuke , Michimata Haruhiko , Koshino Yuta , Watanabe Hiroki , Yamada Yuichi , Chiba Hirofumi
Published: August 2022

Key message

Transesophageal ultrasound‐guided bronchoscopic aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) allowed for minimally invasive and simultaneous diagnosis and evaluation of the degree of invasion by echocardiography. EUS‐B‐FNA may be useful for the evaluation and diagnosis of tumours with cardiac invasion.
Interval observer‐based bumpless switching control for switched systems
Authors: Zhao Ying , Pang Mingchuan , Wang Peng , Yu Shuanghe
Published: August 2022

An interval observer‐based bumpless switching (BS) control scheme for switched systems (SSs) is proposed in this article. First, a couple of interval observers are built to capture the system state from its upper and lower bounds, respectively. Then, according to the observers, the controllers with small jumps at switching points and the switching logic are co‐developed to stabilize the SS and reducing the unwanted big steps in the control signal at switching moments. Further, under the proposed interval observers, interval observer‐based controllers, and the switching director, a condition is driven to ensure the solvability of the observer‐based BS control problem, even though every subsystem may not permit a solution to the control problem. Finally, a verification example serving for the established interval observer‐based BS control scheme is offered.
The overlooked contribution of a fish bypass channel to the density and diversity of macroinvertebrate drift in a heavily modified river system
Authors: Nagel Christoffer , Mizerakis Vangelis , Pander Joachim , Geist Juergen
Published: August 2022

The freshwater biodiversity decline affects all trophic levels, prompting restoration efforts. While habitat restoration for fish is well‐studied, habitat restoration to benefit other sensitive taxa such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) remains poor. Consequently, this study investigated the habitat function of a man‐made nature‐like bypass system for EPT taxa in a highly modified alpine river with several drift feeding fishes. Spatially and temporally distributed drift samples were used to test the hypotheses that the bypass (a) enhances the density of drifting individuals compared to the main river and (b) diversifies drift assemblages compared to the main river. Mean drift density of EPT taxa was lowest in the main stem of the river close to the inlet of the bypass (38.24 Ind./100m3) and significantly increased toward the downstream direction of the bypass, near the outflow (61.49 Ind./100m3). In addition, drift assemblages significantly changed from the main stem to the bypass and the number of EPT taxa detected more than doubled (main stem: 16 genera; last site in the bypass: 33 genera), indicating that the bypass can provide a macroinvertebrate source to the main stem. Seasonal and diel drift patterns were similar to those observed in natural streams, underpinning the finding that nature‐like bypass systems can feature an EPT community similar to natural rivers. This study aligns with a growing body of evidence on the habitat function of nature‐like bypass systems for aquatic taxa and highlights the importance of this restoration measure beyond the aspect of solely restoring habitat connectivity.
Asymptotic normality and confidence region for Catoni's Z estimator
Authors: Yao Qiuran , Zhang Huiming
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the asymptotic property and confidence region of Catoni's Z estimator under the finite variance assumption. First, we investigate the CLT for Catoni's Z estimator with the asymptotically optimal variance, if the tuning parameter has order
. Second, we propose the normal approximated confidence region of Catoni's Z estimator. The simulations show that the proposed 99% CLT‐based confidence regions are shorter than the existing non‐asymptotic confidence regions; mean squared errors of Catoni's Z estimators are typically smaller than sample means from heavy‐tailed data. Furthermore, the simulated coverage probabilities of the CLT‐based confidence region are close to the confidence levels when the sample size is moderately large. For 6‐year DOCVIS data (the number of doctor visits) in the German health care demand dataset, our CLT‐based confidence regions are tighter than non‐asymptotic confidence regions.
Water quality indices appraisal and health risk assessment of nitrate, mercury and lead in water distribution network: A case study of Robat Karim in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Badihi Azadeh , Jahangiri‐rad Mahsa , Mahmoudkhani Rouhallah , Kashi Giti
Published: August 2022

Groundwater is a basic source of drinking water supply for urban and rural areas. This is especially the case for communities located in arid and semi‐arid regions that rely on groundwater for drinking purposes. The present study set out to assess the potential health impacts of water impurities and to investigate the qualitative status of drinking water in Robat Karim rural areas, located in southwest Tehran, Iran. A total of 66 samples were collected from the water distribution network of 11 villages (33 sampling points, on two occasions) during September 2020 and were tested in terms of the most common quality parameters such as pH, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chloride (Cl–), chlorate (ClO3–), nitrite (NO2–), nitrate (NO3–), and flouride (F–). Multiple methods and indexes including water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI), were worked out to assess the quality of water and health risk assessment of NO3– Pb2+ and Hg2+. The results revealed that 33% and 90% of sampling sites have significantly high nitrate and total hardness (TH) concentrations, exceeding the maximum permissible limits set by World Health Organization (WHO; 50 and 200 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, five sampling points exhibited poor WQIs mainly related to NO3– and TH. HQ values higher than 1 for nitrate were noticed in most sampling locations. Except for one sampling point, the HQ obtained for Pb2+ and Hg2+ were below 1 indicating no obvious health hazard. This study represents that children and infants are at higher risk of chronic toxicity by excess NO3– intake. The health hazard that is yet imposed on the community by NO3– necessitates regular monitoring of drinking water, the use of advanced technologies to purify water or otherwise alternative resources should be proposed.
Molecular epidemiology of Akabane virus in Taiwan
Authors: Tzeng Hau‐You , Tsai Cheng‐Lung , Ting Lu‐Jen , Liao Kuei‐Min , Tu Wu‐Chun
Published: August 2022

Background

Akabane virus (AKAV) is a teratogenic and neuropathogenic arbovirus that infects livestock and wild animals. AKAVs are endemic arboviruses from dairy farms in Taiwan in 1989, and the first sequence was detected in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in 1992.

Objectives

This study aims to understand the epidemiological relationships of the akabane viruses between Taiwan and nearby places.

Methods

In this study, 17 specimens were identified or isolated from vector insects, and ruminant fetuses collected from 1992 to 2015 were sequenced and analysed.

Results

Sequence analyses revealed all Taiwanese AKAVs belonged to genogroup Ia but diverged into two clusters in the phylogenetic trees, implying that at least two invasive events of AKAV may have occurred in Taiwan.

Conclusions

The two clusters of AKAVs could still be identified in Taiwan in 2015, and a reassortment event was observed, indicating that the two clusters of AKAVs are already endemic in Taiwan.
Institutional and Social Xenophobia Towards Venezuelan Migrants in the Context of a Racialized Country: The Case of Peru
Authors: Blouin Cécile , Zamora Gómez Cristina
Published: August 2022

Although there is a growing academic interest in xenophobia in South America (Chan & Strabucchi, Asian Ethnicity 22(2):374–394, 2020; Tijoux-Merino, Convergencia: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 20(61):83–104, 2013; Guizardi & Mardones, Estudios Fronterizos 21:1–24, 2020), research is incipient on Peru due, in part, to the recent changes in migration trends. Moreover, in the case of Peru, scholars have not explored how xenophobia and racism intersect and connect. Addressing this gap, this chapter examines xenophobia in Peru against the Venezuelan community from an institutional and social perspective, addressing how both perspectives are relational and self-sustaining in a context of racialization. We use a mixed methodology that combines literature and political-normative analysis with quantitative data analysis. We examine how the institutional xenophobia against Venezuelan migration in the country, expressed through legislation as well as informal and formal practices of exclusion, have portrayed migrants as invaders. We also argue that the structural and complex racialization that operates in the country is also nourished by a special hatred against the foreigner who threatens the fragile sense of nationhood in Peru. Thus, we observe the emergence of a feeling of Venezuelanphobia as a hatred towards everything that has to do with ‘the Venezuelan.’
The influence of body mass index on the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy in women with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Lin Lishi , Soesan Marcel , van Balen Dorieke E. M. , Beijnen Jos H. , Huitema Alwin D. R.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients.

Methods

Early-stage breast cancer patients who received (neo)adjuvant weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups based on their BMI: lean, overweight, and obese. Logistic regression was used to assess for association between BMI with administered relative dose intensity (RDI) < 85%. The occurrence of treatment modifications and the pathological response on neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared between BMI categories.

Results

Four hundred (400) patients were included in this study; 200 (50%) lean, 125 (31%) overweight, and 75 (19%) obese patients. The adjusted odds ratio to receive RDI < 85% for BMI was 1.02 (p value, .263). Treatment modifications occurred in 115 (58%), 82 (66%), and 52 (69%) patients in the respective BMI categories (p value = .132). Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 79 (40%), 58 (46%), and 41 (55%) patients in the lean, overweight, and obese group (p value = .069), whereas hematologic toxicity was observed in 31 (16%), 10 (8%), and 4 (5%) patients (p value = .025). Pathological complete response was observed in 22 (17%), 11 (14%), and 6 (13%) patients in the respective BMI categories (p value = .799).

Conclusion

BMI did not significantly influence the tolerability and effectiveness of full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy. Therefore, the results of this study align with current guideline recommendations of using full-weight-based paclitaxel chemotherapy in obese patients.
Towards cost-benefit evaluation for continuous software engineering activities
Authors: Klotins Eriks , Gorschek Tony , Sundelin Katarina , Falk Erik
Published: August 2022

Context:

Software companies must become better at delivering software to remain relevant in the market. Continuous integration and delivery practices promise to streamline software deliveries to end-users by implementing an automated software development and delivery pipeline. However, implementing or retrofitting an organization with such a pipeline is a substantial investment, while the reporting on benefits and their relevance in specific contexts/domains are vague.

Aim:

In this study, we explore continuous software engineering practices from an investment-benefit perspective. We identify what benefits can be attained by adopting continuous practices, what the associated investments and risks are, and analyze what parameters determine their relevance.

Method:

We perform a multiple case study to understand state-of-practice, organizational aims, and challenges in adopting continuous software engineering practices. We compare state-of-practice with state-of-the-art to validate the best practices and identify relevant gaps for further investigation.

Results:

We found that companies start the CI/CD adoption by automating and streamlining the internal development process with clear and immediate benefits. However, upgrading customers to continuous deliveries is a major obstacle due to existing agreements and customer push-back. Renegotiating existing agreements comes with a risk of losing customers and disrupting the whole organization.

Conclusions:

We conclude that the benefits of CI/CD are overstated in literature without considering the contextual and domain complexities rendering some benefits infeasible. We identify the need to understand the customer and organizational perspectives further and understand the contextual requirements towards the CI/CD.
Opportunism and MPs’ chances of re-election: an analysis of political transformism in the Italian parliament
Authors: Brancati Emanuele , Fedeli Silvia , Forte Francesco , Leonida Leone
Published: August 2022

We identify as political transformists the Italian members of parliament (MPs) who cross the aisle and vote for legislation opposed by their own political group—i.e., MPs who transform from the political opposition to the ruling parties (or from government supporters) into a force supporting the government (or opposition)—thus representing sources of party and governmental instability. Transformism, which characterized 471 MPs over the period considered, does not coincide with the broader phenomena of party switching already studied in political science. Once we disentangle the distinct behaviors, we study whether transformism helps extend the tenures of all 7128 MPs observed from 1946 to 2013. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work to consider the role of transformism in the survival of politicians. Our results suggest that transforming MPs suffer marked reductions in their survival probabilities, especially when compared with their fellow parliamentarians. However, transformist MPs, immediately after coming out as such, are more likely to survive than MPs remaining reliably loyal to their parties. That is, over time, transformists are punished by the electorate, but newly transformed politicians enjoy short-term comparative electoral advantages, thus shedding light on the relevance of a long-standing Italian political phenomenon.
Canagliflozin retards age-related lesions in heart, kidney, liver, and adrenal gland in genetically heterogenous male mice
Authors: Snyder Jessica M. , Casey Kerriann M. , Galecki Andrzej , Harrison David E. , Jayarathne Hashan , Kumar Navasuja , Macchiarini Francesca , Rosenthal Nadia , Sadagurski Marianna , Salmon Adam B. , Strong Randy , Miller Richard A. , Ladiges Warren
Published: August 2022

Canagliflozin (Cana), a clinically important anti-diabetes drug, leads to a 14% increase in median lifespan and a 9% increase in the 90th percentile age when given to genetically heterogeneous male mice from 7 months of age, but does not increase lifespan in female mice. A histopathological study was conducted on 22-month-old mice to see if Cana retarded diverse forms of age-dependent pathology. This agent was found to diminish incidence or severity, in male mice only, of cardiomyopathy, glomerulonephropathy, arteriosclerosis, hepatic microvesicular cytoplasmic vacuolation (lipidosis), and adrenal cortical neoplasms. Protection against atrophy of the exocrine pancreas was seen in both males and females. Thus, the extension of lifespan in Cana-treated male mice, which is likely to reflect host- or tumor-mediated delay in lethal neoplasms, is accompanied by parallel retardation of lesions, in multiple tissues, that seldom if ever lead to death in these mice. Canagliflozin thus can be considered a drug that acts to slow the aging process and should be evaluated for potential protective effects against many other late-life conditions.