bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oil and Processing Conditions on Formation of Heterocyclic Amines and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pork Fiber
Authors: Lai Yu-Wen , Stephen Inbaraj Baskaran , Chen Bing-Huei
Published: September 2023

Toxic compounds such as heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be produced during food processing, especially meat products. This study aims to monitor the formation of HAs and PAHs in fried pork fiber, a common meat product in Taiwan, at different processing conditions. A total of six experimental groups, including raw pork tenderloin, dried pork filaments, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, sesame oil-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, lard-stir-fried pork at 160 °C for 15 min, and lard-stir-fried pork at 200 °C for 6 min, were prepared and analyzed for formation of HAs via UPLC-MS/MS and PAHs via GC-MS/MS in triplicate. Frying in sesame oil or lard showed a greater content of total HAs in fried pork fiber processed at 160 °C for 15 min than at 200 °C for 6 min. However, in the same heating conditions, pork fiber fried in sesame oil produced a higher level of total HAs than that fried in lard. Of the various HAs in fried pork fiber, both Harman and Norharman were generated in the highest amount. The precursors, including reducing sugar, amino acid, and creatine/creatinine, played a vital role in HAs formation in fried pork fiber. For total PAHs, the highest level was shown for pork fiber fried in lard at 200 °C/6 min, followed by frying in sesame oil at 200 °C/6 min and 160 °C/15 min, and in lard at 160 °C/15 min. Like HAs, at the same heating condition, a greater content of total PAHs was produced in pork fiber fried in sesame oil than in lard. Notably, the highly toxic benzo[a]pyrene was undetected in fried pork fiber. The PAH precursor benzaldehyde was shown to generate at a much higher level than 2-cyclohexene-1-one and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal in fried pork fiber, and it should play a more important role in PAH formation. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that the formation mechanism of HAs and PAHs in fried pork fiber was different.
Effect of Sequential Inoculation of Tetragenococcus halophilus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus on the Flavour Formation of Early-Stage Moromi Fermented at a Lower Temperature
Authors: Li Xinzhi , Xu Xinyu , Wu Changzheng , Tong Xing , Ou Shiyi
Published: September 2023

Microbial inoculation in moromi fermentation has a great influence on the physicochemical and flavour properties of soy sauces. This work investigated the effect of inoculating Tetragenococcus halophilus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus on the flavour formation of early-stage moromi (30 days) fermented at a lower temperature (22 °C) by determining their physicochemical and aroma changes. The results showed that single yeast or LAB inoculation increased the production of amino nitrogen, lactic acid and acetic acid, as well as free amino acids and key flavour components. Particularly, the sequential inoculation of T. halophilus and W. anomalus produced more free amino acids and aromatic compounds, and there might be synergistic effects between these two strains. More characteristic soy sauce flavour compounds, such as benzaldehyde, HEMF, guaiacol and methyl maltol were detected in the sequentially inoculated moromi, and this sample showed higher scores in savoury, roasted and caramel intensities. These results confirmed that sequential inoculation of T. halophilus and W. anomalus could be a choice for the future production of moromi with good flavour and quality under a lower temperature.
Baryonic Mass Inventory for Galaxies and Rarefied Media from Theory and Observations of Rotation and Luminosity
Authors: Hofmeister Anne M. , Criss Robert E. , Chou Hugh
Published: September 2023

Available inventories of baryonic mass in the universe are based largely on galactic data and empirical calculations made >20 years ago. Values falling below cosmological estimates underlie proposals that certain rarified gassy regions could have extremely high T, which motivated absorption measurements and hydrodynamic models. Yet, the shortfall remains. We inventory the total baryonic mass, focusing on gravitational interactions and updated measurements. A recent analytical inverse method for analyzing galactic rotation curves quantified how baryon mass and associated volumetric density (ρ) depend on distance (r) from galactic centers. The model is based on the dynamical consequences of the observed oblate shape of galaxies and the Virial Theorem. The parameter-free solution provides ρ(r) ∝ 1/r2 which describes star-rich galactic interiors, gas-rich outer discoids, circumgalactic media, and gradation into intergalactic media. Independent observational determinations of baryonic ρ validate that our 1/r2 result describes baryons alone. This solution shows that total baryonic mass associated with any galaxy is 2.4 to 40 times detectable luminosity, depending on galaxy size and spacing. Luminosity data within 50 Mpc show that Andromeda equivalents separated by ~1 Mpc represent the local universe. Combining the above yields (6 ± 2) × 10−25 kg m−3 for the present-day universe. Three other approaches support this high density: (1) evaluating trends and luminosity data near 1000 Mpc; (2) using a recent estimate for the number of galaxies in the universe; (3) calculating an energy balance. We discuss uncertainties in the critical density. Implications of large baryonic ρ are briefly discussed.
Agarose Cryogels: Production Process Modeling and Structural Characterization
Authors: Mancino Raffaele , Caccavo Diego , Barba Anna Angela , Lamberti Gaetano , Biasin Alice , Cortesi Angelo , Grassi Gabriele , Grassi Mario , Abrami Michela
Published: September 2023

A cryogel is a cross-linked polymer network with different properties that are determined by its manufacturing technique. The formation of a cryogel occurs at low temperatures and results in a porous structure whose pore size is affected by thermal conditions. The adjustable pore sizes of cryogels make them attractive for diverse applications. In this study, the influence of the external operational temperature, which affects the cooling and freezing rates, on the production of cryogels with 2% w/w agarose is investigated. Moreover, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the cryogel production process and provide an initial estimate of the pore size within the structure. The predictions of the model, supported by qualitative light microscopy images, demonstrate that cryogels produced at higher process temperatures exhibit larger pore sizes. Moreover, the existence of pore size distribution within the gel structure is confirmed. Finally, stress relaxation tests, coupled with an image analysis, validates that cryogels produced at lower temperatures possess a higher stiffness and slower water release rates.
Role of Trust, Risk Perception, and Perceived Benefit in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention of the Public
Authors: Man Siu-Shing , Wen Huiying , Zhao Ligao , So Billy Chun-Lung
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 vaccination is an effective method for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study proposed and validated a theoretical intention model for explaining the COVID-19 vaccination intention (CVI) of the public. The theoretical intention model incorporated trust in vaccines, two types of risk perception (risk perception of COVID-19 and risk perception of COVID-19 vaccination), and perceived benefit into a theory of planned behavior (TPB). Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the theoretical intention model with data collected from 816 Chinese adults in China. The results confirmed the crucial role of trust in vaccines, risk perception, and perceived benefit in shaping the CVI of the public. In addition, TPB was found to be applicable in a research context. The theoretical intention model accounted for 78.8% of the variance in CVI. Based on the findings, several practical recommendations for improving COVID-19 vaccination rates were discussed.
Psychometric Properties of Different Versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire in Female Aesthetic Patients
Authors: Fernandes Helder Miguel , Soler Patrícia , Monteiro Diogo , Cid Luís , Novaes Jefferson
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the psychometric properties (internal consistency and factorial validity) of different versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in a sample of female aesthetic patients. The sample included 296 women attending aesthetic clinics, with ages ranging between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.23, SD = 11.35) and body mass index between 17.10 and 45.00 kg/m2 (M = 24.70, SD = 4.07). Nine different length versions of the BSQ (BSQ-34, BSQ-32, BSQ-16A, BSQ-16B, BSQ-14, BSQ-8A, BSQ-8B, BSQ-8C and BSQ-8D) were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses, using a robust maximum likelihood estimator. Robust fit indices indicated that the BSQ-8D version was the better-fitting and more parsimonious model (S-Bχ2/df = 1.81, CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.043). This short version also showed appropriate reliability (McDonald’s omega and composite reliability = 0.87) and a very high correlation with the original BSQ-34 version (r = 0.95). In sum, these findings suggest that the BSQ-8D is the most valid, reliable and suitable BSQ version for measuring body shape concerns in female aesthetic patients.
Infection Prevention Control Strategies of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Muresu Narcisa , Deiana Giovanna , Dettori Marco , Palmieri Alessandra , Masia Maria Dolores , Cossu Andrea , D’Avino Cristina , Sechi Illari , Del Rio Arcadia , Piana Andrea , Castiglia Paolo
Published: September 2023

The spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Among these, Carbapenemase-producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) poses a significant clinical threat, and appropriate measures must be taken to prevent or limit its penetration into still-free territories. The present report describes two independent cases of patients from Ukraine colonized by NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and admitted to two separate wards of an acute university hospital in a territory not yet affected by Carbapenemase producers of this class. Moreover, this report illustrates the infection prevention control (IPC) strategies promptly implemented by the IPC operational team to verify the possible spread of the microorganism in the ward and avoid any possible further contamination. The identification of genes coding for Carbapenemases, performed using real-time PCR, revealed no other cases within the wards involved. These cases emphasize the importance of early case recognition of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the necessity of effective inter-hospital communication, the need for effective antimicrobial stewardship protocol, and the importance of adequate IPC policies. Additionally, we highlight the need to improve screening procedures in the case of patients from countries with a high prevalence of MDRO, as essential measures to prevent potential nosocomial outbreaks and/or endemization.
The Impact of Long-Term Care Needs on the Socioeconomic Deprivation of Older People and Their Families: Results from Mixed-Methods Scoping Review
Authors: Casanova Georgia , Martarelli Rossella , Belletti Francesco , Moreno-Castro Carolina , Lamura Giovanni
Published: September 2023

Background: Long-term care (LTC), poverty, and socioeconomic deprivation are globally significant social issues. Ongoing population aging trends and the recent social and health emergencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis have highlighted the need for macro-level LTC and welfare system sustainability strategies. Aims: This scoping review (ScR) explores the relationship between LTC needs, the health status of older people, and the risk of socioeconomic deprivation for their households. Methods: The methodology considers different relevant sources: (a) the guidelines for ScR proposed by Lockwood et al.; (b) the recommendations of Munn et al.; (c) the PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews; and (d) the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Sixty-three papers are included in the mixed-methods analysis. Results: The findings reveal the existence of a debate that seeks to understand the different characteristics of the relationship between the investigated issues. Relevant gaps in the literature are identified in terms of the concepts and approaches of the studies analyzed. Conclusions: The results indicate that the reciprocal relationship between LTC needs, supply, and the risk of socioeconomic deprivation is understudied. Future studies should focus on the causal relationship between the two phenomena and identify any internal factors that may be involved.
Quality of Life for Polish Women with Ovarian Cancer during First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Bączyk Grażyna , Pleszewa Anna , Formanowicz Dorota , Kozłowska Katarzyna A.
Published: September 2023

Ovarian cancer is the worst prognostic gynaecological cancer and represents a grave clinical and social problem. Therefore, the study aimed to assess female patients’ emotional, cognitive, physical, and social quality of life. The study included 100 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and treated with chemotherapy in a day hospital setting at the Department of Radiotherapy and Gynaecological Oncology at the Wielkopolska Oncology Centre in Poznań. The patients were given a standard treatment regimen: paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 in a 3 h infusion and carboplatin at an AUC of 6 (5–7) following Calvert as a 1 h infusion for six cycles administered every 21 days. In addition, standardised questionnaires of the Polish version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQOV28 were used. The analysis of the collected material shows that the patients reported the highest level of general health and quality of life at the study’s first stage, i.e., before chemotherapy (mean value of 59.67 points). In contrast, the patients’ lowest level of general health and quality of life was observed in the fourth stage of the study (mean value of 45.04 points). The problem of side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, affected the entire study group and was more troublesome in the final stage of treatment for all patients. In the study’s first stage, the mean score on the nausea and vomiting symptom scale was 16 points; in the fourth stage, the mean score was 40.07. Of the clinical factors, the symptom of fatigue was the most severe health problem for the subjects. The mean score of the fatigue scale in the study’s first stage was 37.11 points, while a score of 70.33 was obtained in the fourth stage of the research. The multivariate linear regression model showed that the lack of professional activity lowers quality of life, especially combined with other side effects of chemotherapy, including hair loss in Stage IV of the study. This study shows that women with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy need exceptional support from psychologists, nurses, dieticians, and physiotherapists.
Analysis of the Aroma Volatile Profile of Muscadine Grape Germplasm by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bhattarai Gaurab , Giannopoulos Orestis , Corn Ramsey Nathanal , McAvoy Camille E. E. , Deltsidis Angelos , Worthington Margaret L. , Conner Patrick J.
Published: September 2023

Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) are native to the southeastern U.S., where they are valued for their unique flavor and fruity aroma. Despite having a diverse aroma profile, muscadine germplasm is virtually unexplored in terms of its aroma volatile content and composition, which is crucial in determining the value of its products. The aim of this research was to characterize 24 muscadine genotypes with distinct uses and origin for their aroma-related volatile profiles using the headspace solid-phase microextraction method coupled with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. In total, 63 volatile compounds were detected, and genotypes significantly differed for 43 of the volatile compounds. We also profiled the aroma volatile content and composition of the commercially cultivated muscadine cultivar Carlos at various stages of berry ripeness. Characteristic differences were observed in the composition of the volatile compounds as ripening progressed. This is the first study to have evaluated the aroma volatile composition of a wide variety of muscadine germplasms, including juice and fresh fruit cultivars, as well as the related species Vitis popenoei and its complex hybrids between V. rotundifolia and Vitis vinifera. The results obtained from this study will help identify muscadine genotypes and better design crosses to produce fresh fruit and wine selections with the desired aroma profiles. This knowledge will lead to the development of new muscadine cultivars and significantly contribute to the expansion of muscadine use in the future.
BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) Seed-Priming Enhanced Growth, Antioxidant Accumulation and Anthocyanin Metabolism in Olive Sprouts
Authors: Selim Samy , Zrig Ahlem , Albqmi Mha , M. Al-Sanea Mohammad , Alnusaire Taghreed S. , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Jaouni Soad K. Al , Hussein Shaimaa , Warrad Mona , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: September 2023

Given the importance of olive sprouts, it is crucial to explore their potential as an innovative source of bioactive and nutritive compounds through research. Here, we aimed at investigating the potential role of benzylaminopurine (BAP) in improving the tissue chemical composition and bioactivity of olive sprouts. To this end, seeds of two olive varieties (Olea europaea L. vr. Kroniaki and Coratina) were primed with BAP at 25 µM. A substantial enhancement was observed in biomass accumulation by 35% and 30% in Kroniaki and Coratina varieties, respectively. Likewise, the photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, α- and β-carotene, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin) in both varieties were increased, mainly in Coratina. At primary metabolic level, BAP priming improved sprout lipid composition, particularly in Coratina variety. At antioxidant level, BAP priming improved lipid antioxidants (α-, β- and γ-tocopherols) and water-soluble antioxidants (phenols, flavonoids, ascorbate, glutathione and anthocyanins) in both olive varieties. At the anthocyanins level, their precursors (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid and naringenin) and key biosynthetic enzyme activity (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H)) were improved in olive varieties, but to a greater extent in Coratina variety. Overall, the sprouts of BAP-primed olive seeds could potentially enhance their nutritional value, suggesting that the sprouts of BAP-primed olive seeds can be used as a food ingredient and additives.
Combined Use of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Biochar Produced from Moss (Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.) Biomass for Chinese Spinach (Amaranthus dubius L.) Cultivation under Saline Stress
Authors: Širić Ivan , Alhag Sadeq K. , Al-Shuraym Laila A. , Mioč Boro , Držaić Valentino , Abou Fayssal Sami , Kumar Vinod , Singh Jogendra , Kumar Piyush , Singh Rattan , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Goala Madhumita , Kumar Pankaj , Eid Ebrahem M.
Published: September 2023

Salinity-induced soil degradation poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and requires innovative crop-management strategies. In this study, the synergistic effect of biochar and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from moss (Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.) biomass on the growth, yield, biochemical, and enzymatic response of Chinese spinach (Amaranthus dubius L.) grown under salinity stress was investigated. Purposely, A. dubius was grown under different combinations of arable soil, biochar, TiO2 NPs, and saline soils. The produced biochar and TiO2 NPs were characterized using microscopy image analysis, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, particle size distribution, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that saline stress caused a significant (p < 0.05) decline in growth, yield, and biochemical constituents of A. dubius compared to control treatments. However, the combined application of biochar and TiO2 NPs significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated the saline stress and resulted in optimum fresh weight (30.81 g/plant), dry weight (4.90 g/plant), shoot and root length (28.64 and 12.54 cm), lead number (17.50), leaf area (12.50 cm2/plant), chlorophyll (2.36 mg/g), carotenoids (2.85 mg/g), and relative water content (82.10%). Biochar and TiO2-NP application helped to reduce the levels of stress enzymes such as catalase (2.93 µmol/min/mg P), superoxide dismutase (SOD: 2.47 EU/g P), peroxidase (POD: 40.03 EU/min/g P), and ascorbate peroxidase (3.10 mM/mg P) in saline soil. The findings of this study suggest that the combination of nanotechnology and biochar derived from unconventional biomass can be a viable option to mitigate salinity-related challenges and enhance crop yield.
Determining Medication Errors in an Adult Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Castro Renata da Nóbrega Souza de , Aguiar Lucas Barbosa de , Volpe Cris Renata Grou , Silva Calliandra Maria de Souza , Silva Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da , Stival Marina Morato , Silva Everton Nunes da , Meiners Micheline Marie Milward de Azevedo , Schwerz Funghetto Silvana
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Research addressing the costs of Medication errors (MEs) is still scarce despite issues related to patient safety having significant economic and health impacts, making it imperative to analyze the costs and adverse events related to MEs for a better patient, professional, and institutional safety. Aim: To identify the number of medication errors and verify whether this number was associated with increased hospitalization costs for patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Method: This retrospective cross-sectional cohort study evaluated secondary data from patients’ electronic medical records to compile variables, create a model, and survey hospitalization costs. The statistical analysis included calculating medication error rates, descriptive analysis, and simple and multivariate regression. Results: The omission error rate showed the highest number of errors per drug dose (59.8%) and total errors observed in the sample (55.31%), followed by the time error rate (26.97%; 24.95%). The omission error had the highest average when analyzing the entire hospitalization (170.40) and day of hospitalization (13.79). Hospitalization costs were significantly and positively correlated with scheduling errors, with an increase of BRL 121.92 (about USD $25.00) (95% CI 43.09; 200.74), and to prescription errors, with an increase of BRL 63.51 (about USD $3.00) (95% CI 29.93; 97.09). Conclusion: We observed an association between two types of medication errors and increased hospitalization costs in an adult ICU (scheduling and prescription errors).
Metabolic Diseases—A Challenge for Public Health in the 21st Century
Authors: Garus-Pakowska Anna
Published: September 2023

Metabolic diseases refer to a broad term that includes all diseases that result from disturbances in the body’s biochemical metabolism [...]
Cytotoxic Potential of Novel Quinoline Derivative: 11-(1,4-Bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline against Different Cancer Cell Lines via Activation and Deactivation of the Expression of Some Proteins
Authors: Abd Elrahman Sara Fathy , Ahmed Abdullah A. S. , Abd Elsatar Doaa , Elkady Salma , Elgendy Amira , Alnakeeb Fatma , Elmongy Elshaymaa I. , Henidi Hanan A. , El-Gendy Saad M. , El Sayed Ibrahim El Tantawy , El-Gokha Ahmed A. , Abd Eldaim Mabrouk Attia
Published: September 2023

The current study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of 11-(1,4-bisaminopropylpiperazinyl)5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline (BAPPN), a novel derivative of 5-methyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline, against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines and the possible molecular mechanism through which it exerts its cytotoxic activity. BAPPN was synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The binding affinity scores of BAPPN for caspase-3 PDB: 7JL7 was −7.836, with an RMSD of 1.483° A. In silico screening of ADME properties indicated that BAPPN showed promising oral bioavailability records in addition to their high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier penetrability. BAPPN induced cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 3.3, 23, 3.1, and 9.96 μg/mL against cancer cells HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549, respectively. In addition, it induced cell injury and morphological changes in ultracellular structure, including cellular delayed activity, vanishing of membrane blebbing, microvilli, cytoplasmic condensation, and shrunken nucleus with more condensed chromatin autophagosomes. Furthermore, BAPPN significantly increased the protein expression of caspase-3 and tumor suppressor protein (P53). However, it significantly reduced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein into the medium and decreased the protein expression of proliferation cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 in HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549 cells. This study indicates that BAPPN has cytotoxic action against liver, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines via the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and P53, and the downregulation of proliferative proteins, VEGF, PCNA, and Ki67.
Effects of Dibutylphthalate and Steroid Hormone Mixture on Human Prostate Cells
Authors: Mileo Aldo , Chianese Teresa , Fasciolo Gianluca , Venditti Paola , Capaldo Anna , Rosati Luigi , De Falco Maria
Published: September 2023

Phthalates are a family of aromatic chemical compounds mainly used as plasticizers. Among phthalates, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a low-molecular-weight phthalate used as a component of many cosmetic products, such as nail polish, and other perfumed personal care products. DBP has toxic effects on reproductive health, inducing testicular damage and developmental malformations. Inside the male reproductive system, the prostate gland reacts to both male and female sex steroids. For this reason, it represents an important target of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), compounds that are able to affect the estrogen and androgen signaling pathways, thus interfering with prostate homeostasis and inducing several prostate pathologies. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of DBP, alone and in combination with testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2), and both, on the normal PNT1A human prostate cell-derived cell line, to mimic environmental contamination. We showed that DBP and all of the tested mixtures increase cell viability through activation of both estrogen receptor α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR). DBP modulated steroid receptor levels in a nonmonotonic way, and differently to endogenous hormones. In addition, DBP translocated ERα to the nucleus over different durations and for a more prolonged time than E2, altering the normal responsiveness of prostate cells. However, DBP alone seemed not to influence AR localization, but AR was continuously and persistently activated when DBP was used in combination. Our results show that DBP alone, and in mixture, alters redox homeostasis in prostate cells, leading to a greater increase in cell oxidative susceptibility. In addition, we also demonstrate that DBP increases the migratory potential of PNT1A cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that DBP, alone and in mixtures with endogenous steroid hormones, acts as an EDC, resulting in an altered prostate cell physiology and making these cells more prone to cancer transformation.
Correlations between Immune Response and Etiopathogenic Factors of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer Patients Treated with Zoledronic Acid
Authors: Ciobanu George Adrian , Mogoantă Laurențiu , Popescu Sanda Mihaela , Ionescu Mihaela , Munteanu Cristina Maria , Staicu Ionela Elisabeta , Mercuț Răzvan , Georgescu Cristian Corneliu , Scrieciu Monica , Vlad Daniel , Camen Adrian
Published: September 2023

Impairment of the immune response in MRONJ (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws) is one of the still unclear etiopathogenic mechanisms of this condition encountered in cancer patients treated with bisphosphonates, with negative effects on the patient’s quality of life. The aim of the present study was to correlate the immune response with etiopathogenic factors via immunohistochemical evaluation of the maxillary tissues in zoledronic acid osteonecrosis. The retrospective study included a group of 51 patients with various types of cancers, diagnosed with stage 2 or 3 MRONJ at zoledronic acid and treated surgically. Immunohistochemical expressions of αSMA, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD79α, CD68, CD204, and tryptase were evaluated. Immunohistochemical markers expressions were statistically analyzed according to the duration of the treatment, the trigger factor, the location of the MRONJ, and the healing status. Analysis of the immune response included T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and mast cells. The duration of treatment significantly influenced the immunohistochemical expression of most markers (p < 0.05). For an increasing trend in treatment duration, a decreasing trend in marker score was observed, suggesting an inverse correlation. The expression of the markers was different depending on the trigger factor, on MRONJ localization (maxilla/mandible), and the healing status, being more intense in patients cured per primam compared to those who had relapses. The patient’s immune response was negatively influenced by the duration of the treatment, the trigger factor, the location of the lesion in the mandible, and the recurrence of MRONJ.
Exploring the Interaction of New Pyridoquinazoline Derivatives with G-Quadruplex in the c-MYC Promoter Region
Authors: Princiotto Salvatore , Karelou Maria , Ioannidi Rachel , Beretta Giovanni Luca , Zaffaroni Nadia , Artali Roberto , Kostakis Ioannis K. , Mazzini Stefania , Dallavalle Sabrina
Published: September 2023

Novel amino-substituted pyridoquinazolinone derivatives have been designed and synthesized as potential c-MYC G-quadruplex (G4) ligands, employing an efficient methodology. All the new compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activity against the human osteosarcoma U2OS cell line. NMR and docking experiments revealed that the recently synthesized compounds interact with the Pu22 G-quadruplex in the c-MYC promoter region, establishing a 2:1 complex, with each molecule positioned over the tetrads at the 3′- and 5′-ends.
Multigene Panel Sequencing Identifies a Novel Germline Mutation Profile in Male Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Al Saati Ayman , Vande Perre Pierre , Plenecassagnes Julien , Gilhodes Julia , Monselet Nils , Cabarrou Bastien , Lignon Norbert , Filleron Thomas , Telly Dominique , Perello-Lestrade Emilie , Feillel Viviane , Staub Anne , Martinez Mathilde , Chipoulet Edith , Collet Gaëlle , Thomas Fabienne , Gladieff Laurence , Toulas Christine
Published: September 2023

Even though male breast cancer (MBC) risk encompasses both genetic and environmental aetiologies, the primary risk factor is a germline pathogenic variant (PV) or likely pathogenic variant (LPV) in BRCA2, BRCA1 and/or PALB2 genes. To identify new potential MBC-specific predisposition genes, we sequenced a panel of 585 carcinogenesis genes in an MBC cohort without BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2 PV/LPV. We identified 14 genes carrying rare PVs/LPVs in the MBC population versus noncancer non-Finnish European men, predominantly coding for DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability proteins. We identified for the first time PVs/LPVs in PRCC (pre-mRNA processing), HOXA9 (transcription regulation), RECQL4 and WRN (maintenance of genomic stability) as well as in genes involved in other cellular processes. To study the specificity of this MBC PV/LPV profile, we examined whether variants in the same genes could be detected in a female breast cancer (FBC) cohort without BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2 PV/LPV. Only 5/109 women (4.6%) carried a PV/LPV versus 18/85 men (21.2%) on these genes. FBC did not carry any PV/LPV on 11 of these genes. Although 5.9% of the MBC cohort carried PVs/LPVs in PALLD and ERCC2, neither of these genes were altered in our FBC cohort. Our data suggest that in addition to BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2, other genes involved in DNA repair/maintenance or genomic stability as well as cell adhesion may form a specific MBC PV/LPV signature.
Cell Cycle Reactivation, at the Start of Neurodegeneration, Induced by Forskolin and Aniline in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Sturiale Valentina , Bruno Francesca , Brancato Desiree , D’Amico Agata Grazia , Maugeri Grazia , D’Agata Velia , Saccone Salvatore , Federico Concetta
Published: September 2023

A characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, a phenomenon that appears to have associations with oxidative stress, double-stranded DNA breakage, and the de-condensation of heterochromatin. Re-entry into the cell division cycle appears to be involved in the onset of this neurodegenerative process. Indeed, the cell cycle cannot proceed regularly in the differentiated neurons leading to cell death. Here, we induced cell cycle reactivation in neuronal-like cells, obtained by neuroblastoma cells treated with retinoic acid, by exposure to forskolin or aniline. These compounds determine tau hyperphosphorylation or oxidative stress, respectively, resulting in the appearance of features resembling the start of neuronal degeneration typical of AD, such as tau hyperphosphorylation and re-entry into the cell cycle. Indeed, we detected an increased transcriptional level of cyclins and the appearance of a high number of mitotic cells. We also observed a delay in the initiation of the cell cycle when forskolin was co-administered with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). This delay was not observed when PACAP was co-administered with aniline. Our data demonstrate the relevance of tau hyperphosphorylation in initiating an ectopic cell cycle in differentiated neuronal cells, a condition that can lead to neurodegeneration. Moreover, we highlight the utility of neuroblastoma cell lines as an in vitro cellular model to test the possible neuroprotective effects of natural molecules.
EGR1 Regulation of Vasculogenic Mimicry in the MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line through the Upregulation of KLF4 Expression
Authors: Jung Euitaek , Lee Young Han , Ou Sukjin , Kim Tae Yoon , Shin Soon Young
Published: September 2023

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an intriguing phenomenon observed in tumor masses, in which cancer cells organize themselves into capillary-like channels that closely resemble the structure and function of blood vessels. Although VM is believed to contribute to alternative tumor vascularization, the detailed regulatory mechanisms controlling these cellular processes remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in regulating VM in aggressive cancer cells, specifically MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Our study revealed that EGR1 promotes the formation of capillary-like tubes by MDA-MB-231 cells in a 3-dimensional Matrigel matrix. EGR1 was observed to upregulate Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression, which regulates the formation of the capillary-like tube structure. Additionally, our findings highlight the involvement of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mediating the expression of EGR1 and KLF4, underscoring their crucial role in VM in MDA-MB-231 cells. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms will provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for preventing VM during the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Assessment of Inflammatory Hematological Ratios (NLR, PLR, MLR, LMR and Monocyte/HDL–Cholesterol Ratio) in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Particularities in Young Patients
Authors: Tudurachi Bogdan-Sorin , Anghel Larisa , Tudurachi Andreea , Sascău Radu Andy , Stătescu Cristian
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), remains a predominant cause of mortality globally. Factors such as atherosclerosis and inflammation play significant roles in the pathogenesis of CAD. The nexus between inflammation and CAD is underscored by the role of immune cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. These cells orchestrate the inflammatory process, a core component in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The activation of these pathways and the subsequent lipid, fibrous element, and calcification accumulation can result in vessel narrowing. Hematological parameters derived from routine blood tests offer insights into the underlying inflammatory state. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of inflammatory hematological ratios, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio. These parameters are not only accessible and cost-effective but also mirror the degree of systemic inflammation. Several studies have indicated a correlation between these markers and the severity, prognosis, and presence of CAD. Despite the burgeoning interest in the relationship between inflammatory markers and CAD, there remains a paucity of data exploring these parameters in young patients with acute myocardial infarction. Such data could offer valuable insights into the unique pathophysiology of early-onset CAD and improve risk assessment and predictive strategies.
Manganese(I) Diamine Electrocatalysts: Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Dhakal Badrinath , Corbin Brooke A. , Sosa Parada Alberto , Sakai Jonathan G. , Felton Emily A. , McDonald Lauren T. , Gross Anthony J. , Nichol Gary S. , Felton Greg A. N.
Published: September 2023

Novel organometallic complexes Mn(benzene-1,2-diamine)(CO)3Br, Mn-1, Mn(3-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine)(CO)3Br, Mn-2, and Re(benzene-1,2-diamine)(CO)3Cl, Re-1, have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV/Vis, 1H-NMR, EA and HRMS. The structures of Mn-2 and Re-1 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The three novel compounds were studied for their electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide using cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile solutions. Controlled potential electrolysis was used to obtain information on faradaic yield, with product formation being confirmed by GC. Using earth-abundant manganese, compounds Mn-1 and Mn-2 display turnover frequencies of 108 s−1 and 82 s−1, respectively, amid selective production of carbon monoxide (faradaic yields ~85%), with minimal co-production of dihydrogen (<2%), and low overpotential of 0.18 V. The rhenium congener, Re-1, displays no activity as an electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction under identical conditions.
Relationships between Late-Life Blood Pressure and Cerebral Microinfarcts in Octogenarians: An Observational Autopsy Study
Authors: Sin Mo-Kyung , Cheng Yan , Roseman Jeffrey M. , Zamrini Edward , Ahmed Ali
Published: September 2023

Mid-life high blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cerebral microinfarcts. Less is known about the relationship between late-life BP and cerebral microinfarcts, the examination of which is the objective of the current study. This case–control study analyzed data from 551 participants (94.6% aged ≥80 years; 58.6% women) in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study who had autopsy data on microinfarcts and four values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before death. Using the average of four values, SBP was categorized using 10 mmHg intervals; a trend was defined as a ≥10 mmHg rise or fall from the first to fourth values (average gap of 6.5 years). Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to examine the associations of BP and microinfarcts, adjusting for age, sex, last BP-to-death time, APOE genotype, and antihypertensive medication use. Microinfarcts were present in 274 (49.7%) participants; there were multiple in 51.8% of the participants, and they were located in cortical areas in 40.5%, subcortical areas in 29.6%, and both areas in 29.9% of the participants. All SBP categories (reference of 100–119 mmHg) and both SBP trends were associated with higher odds of both the presence and number of microinfarcts. The magnitude of these associations was numerically greater for subcortical than cortical microinfarcts. Similar associations were observed with DBP. These hypothesis-generating findings provide new information about the overall relationship between BP and cerebral microinfarcts in octogenarians.
Endovascular and Open Surgical Treatment of Ruptured Splenic Artery Aneurysms: A Case Report and a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rinaldi Luigi Federico , Brioschi Chiara , Marone Enrico Maria
Published: September 2023

Background: Ruptured splenic artery aneurysms (r-SAA), although rare, are burdened by high morbidity and mortality, even despite emergent surgical repair. It is suggested that endovascular treatment can achieve reduction in peri-operative death and complication rates, as in other vascular diseases, but evidence of such benefits is still lacking in this particular setting. We report a case of an r-SAA treated by trans-arterial embolization and then converted to open surgery for persistent bleeding, and we provide a systematic review of current results of open and endovascular repair of r-SAAs. Materials and Methods: A 50-year-old male presenting in shock for a giant r-SAA underwent emergent coil embolization and recovered hemodynamic stability. On the following day, he underwent laparotomy for evacuation of the huge intraperitoneal hematoma, but residual bleeding was noted from the splenic artery, which was ligated after coil removal, and a splenectomy was performed. A systematic literature review of the reported mortality and complications of r-SAA undergoing open (OSR) or endovascular (EVT) treatment was performed using the main search databases. All primary examples of research published since 1990 were included regardless of sample size. The main outcome measures were mortality and reinterventions. Secondary outcomes were post-operative complications. Results: We selected 129 studies reporting on 350 patients—185 treated with OSR and 165 with EVT. Hemodynamically unstable patients and ruptures during pregnancy were more frequently treated with open repair. Overall, there were 37 deaths (mortality: 10.6%)—24 in the OSR group and 13 in the EVTr group (mortality: 12.9% and 7.8% respectively, p-value: 0.84). There were 37 reinterventions after failed or complicated endovascular repair —6 treated with endovascular re-embolization and 31 with laparotomy and splenectomy (22.4%); there were 3 (1.6%) reinterventions after open repair. Overall complication rates were 7.3% in the EVT group (n: 12) and 4.2% in the OSR group (n: 7), and did not require reintervention. No significant differences in overall complications or in any specific complication rate were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Current results of r-SAA treatment show equipoise terms of morbidity and mortality between open and endovascular repair; however, in case of hemodynamic instability and rupture during pregnancy, open surgery might still be safer. Moreover, endovascular repair is still burdened by a significantly higher rate of reinterventions, mostly with conversions to open surgery.
The Challenging Differentiation of Psoriatic Arthritis from Other Arthropathies and Nonspecific Arthralgias in Patients with Psoriasis: Results of a Cross-Sectional Rheumatologic Assessment of a Large Dermatologic Cohort
Authors: Floris Alberto , Mugheddu Cristina , Sichi Leonardo , Dessì Martina , Anedda Jasmine , Frau Alessia , Pau Andrea , Lari Simone Aldo , Sorgia Jessica , Li Volsi Laura , Paladino Maria Teresa , Congia Mattia , Chessa Elisabetta , Angioni Maria Maddalena , Ferreli Caterina , Piga Matteo , Atzori Laura , Cauli Alberto
Published: September 2023

Aiming to identify the potential challenges in the classification of musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with psoriasis (PsO), this study analyzed the outcomes of a cross-sectional rheumatologic assessment of 1057 PsO patients. In total, 209 had a previous diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Out of the remaining 848 subjects, 293 (35%) were classified as suspected PsA cases according to the rheumatologist’s judgment and/or Early PsA Screening Questionnaire score (EARP) ≥ 3. However, only 14% received a PsA diagnosis, 49% had a PsA-alternative diagnosis, and the remaining 37% had nonspecific arthralgias. Most of the newly diagnosed PsA patients had a symptoms duration ≥1 year (72%) and moderate disease activity (55%) with active oligoarthritis (85%), dactylitis, or enthesitis (35%) as the most frequent clinical pattern. The most frequent PsA-alternative diagnoses were osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia (44% and 41%). The only factors with significant (p < 0.05) utility in discriminating PsA from other diseases and nonspecific arthralgias were young age and EARP score with a history of morning stiffness, swollen joints, or dactylitis. These results demonstrated a high prevalence of suspected musculoskeletal symptoms in PsO patients, with, however, only a small proportion due to PsA. Close collaboration between the dermatologist and rheumatologist plays a crucial role in the differential diagnosis of PsA, as well as in monitoring nonspecific arthralgias for the potential transition to overt PsA.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy—Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Monda Emanuele , Limongelli Giuseppe , Pelliccia Francesco
Published: September 2023

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disorder characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, which cannot be entirely attributed to loading conditions such as valve or congenital heart disease or hypertension [...]
Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Pané Adriana , Claro Maria , Molina-Andujar Alicia , Olbeyra Romina , Romano-Andrioni Bárbara , Boswell Laura , Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Jiménez Amanda , Ibarzabal Ainitze , Viaplana Judith , Ventura-Aguiar Pedro , Amor Antonio J. , Vidal Josep , Flores Lilliam , de Hollanda Ana
Published: September 2023

Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), which has a major negative impact on global health. Bariatric surgery (BS) has demonstrated a substantial improvement of obesity-related comorbidities and thus, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool in order to prevent end-stage renal disease. A limited number of publications to date have examined the beneficial effects and risks of BS in patients with non-advanced stages of CKD. We aimed to investigate the safety of BS in patients with CKD stages 3–4 (directly related or not to obesity) and both the metabolic/renal outcomes post-BS. A total of 57 individuals were included (n = 19 for CKD-group; n = 38 for patients with obesity, but normal eGFR [control-group]). Weight loss and obesity comorbidities resolution after BS were similar in both groups. Renal function (eGFR [CKD-EPI]) improved significantly at the 1-year follow-up: Δ10.2 (5.2–14.9) (p < 0.001) for CKD-group and Δ4.0 (−3.9–9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.043) for controls. Although this improvement tended to decrease in the 5-year follow-up, eGFR remained above its basal value for the CKD-group. Noteworthy, eGFR also improved in those patients who presented CKD not directly attributed to obesity. For patients with CKD, BS appears to be safe and effective regarding weight loss and obesity comorbidities resolution, irrespective of the main cause of CKD (related or not to obesity).