bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home Visiting for NICU Graduates: Impacts of Following Baby Back Home
Authors: McKelvey Lorraine M. , Lewis Kanna N. , Beavers Jared , Casey Patrick H. , Irby Carmen , Goudie Anthony
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The Following Baby Back Home (FBBH) home visiting program supports families of high-risk low birth weight preterm infants after discharge from a hospital NICU. This study compares the health care use, immunization, and infant mortality rate of low birth weight preterm infants enrolled in FBBH with similar infants not in the program.

METHODS

From January 2013 to December 2017, 498 children enrolled in FBBH were identified in Arkansas vital statistics records and the Arkansas All-Payer Claims Database. Infants in FBBH were matched with children in a control group on the basis of demographics and medical conditions of the infant. Generalized linear mixed models with double propensity-score adjustment were used to estimate program effects.

RESULTS

In the first year after discharge and compared with a propensity-score matched cohort of control infants, those enrolled in FBBH were significantly more likely to have higher numbers of medical appointments and more compliant immunization history. The odds of dying in the first year of life for control infants was 4.4 times (95% confidence interval: 1.2–20.7) higher than those managed in the program.

CONCLUSIONS

A goal of the FBBH home visiting program is to work with parents to educate and support them as they care for their medically fragile infants. We conclude that education and support was instrumental in the infant health care use and outcome differences we observed during the first year of life.
Symptomatic Acute Myocarditis in 7 Adolescents After Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Marshall Mayme , Ferguson Ian D. , Lewis Paul , Jaggi Preeti , Gagliardo Christina , Collins James Stewart , Shaughnessy Robin , Caron Rachel , Fuss Cristina , Corbin Kathleen Jo E. , Emuren Leonard , Faherty Erin , Hall E. Kevin , Di Pentima Cecilia , Oster Matthew E. , Paintsil Elijah , Siddiqui Saira , Timchak Donna M. , Guzman-Cottrill Judith A.
Published: June 2021

Trials of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination included limited numbers of children, so they may not have detected rare but important adverse events in this population. We report 7 cases of acute myocarditis or myopericarditis in healthy male adolescents who presented with chest pain all within 4 days after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. Five patients had fever around the time of presentation. Acute COVID-19 was ruled out in all 7 cases on the basis of negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test results of specimens obtained by using nasopharyngeal swabs. None of the patients met criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Six of the 7 patients had negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid antibody assay results, suggesting no previous infection. All patients had an elevated troponin. Cardiac MRI revealed late gadolinium enhancement characteristic of myocarditis. All 7 patients resolved their symptoms rapidly. Three patients were treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs only, and 4 received intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. In this report, we provide a summary of each adolescent’s clinical course and evaluation. No causal relationship between vaccine administration and myocarditis has been established. Continued monitoring and reporting to the US Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System is strongly recommended.
Genetic variability and biodiversity of Ukrainian Gray cattle by the BoLA-DRB3 gene
Authors: Suprovych T. M. , Suprovych M. P. , Mokhnachova N. B. , Biriukova O. D. , Strojanovska L. V. , Chepurna V. A.
Published: June 2021

At the current stage of genetic studies of cattle, more and more attention is being drawn to autochthonous breeds. Native cattle have a number of prominent phenotypic traits and have preserved unique genes and their combinations lost by modern commercial breeds, which would be valuable to use in selective programs. We surveyed polymorphism of the Ukrainian autochthonous Gray breed according to alleles of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene. The uniqueness of the gene lies in the broad variability of its allele variants. Significant informativeness at DNA level is quite important for genetic studies. We surveyed allele polymorphism using the PCR-RLFP method on DNA isolated from 88 samples of blood of cows and 5 samples of sperm. We identified 28 alleles, of which 23 variants were nomenclature ones and 5 (jba, *jab, *jbb, *nad and *nda) were “without established nomenclature”, their share accounting for 8.9%. Four alleles *06, *12, *16 and *jba had a frequency above 5% and occupied 69.9% of the breed’s allele fund overall. The commonest allele was BoLA-DRB3.2*16 (44.1%). In total, we found 40 genotypes. Considering the significant dominance of variant *16, as expected, 5 genotypes with its inclusion occurred: *16/*16, *12/*16, *06/*16, *16/*24 and *jba/*16. It was present in the genotype of two out three studied animals. Parameters of heterozygosity, effective number of alleles, Shannon and Pielou indices indicate that Ukrainian Gray cattle are characterized by lowest level of genetic variability and biodiversity according to the BoLA-DRB3 gene compared with other breeds. Due to significant dominance of allele *16, the breed has no inbred motifs. We noted deviation toward increase in homozygosity without deviations from the norm of the distribution according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The obtained results will be used for genetic-populational programs with the purpose of improving the genetic potential of cattle breeds in terms of economically beneficial traits and diseases of cattle.
ЕЛЕКТРОЛІЗ РОЗЧИНІВ NaCl В ПРОТОЧНИХ СИСТЕМАХ
Authors: В. Гиренко Дмитро , Б. Веліченко Олександр , Б. Шмичкова Олеся
Published: June 2021

Досліджено електроліз розчинів NaCl у проточних системах. Показано, що для мінімізації перетворення гіпохлориту в хлорат на аноді та відновлення іонів гіпохлориту на катоді слід проводити електроліз з мінімальною швидкістю перемішування розчину відносно електродів. Видалення мембрани з комірки приводить лише до незначного зниження виходу за струмом гіпохлориту натрію в межах 1–3 % і незначного підвищення рН розчину, що позитивно впливає стабільність розчину. Вихід за струмом хлоратів не змінюється. Позитивним ефектом є зменшення напруги на комірці, що покращує енергетичну ефективність синтезу натрію гіпохлориту. В разі сили струму 2 А і використання двох проточних комірок за об'ємної швидкості потоку 8.7 л/год можна синтезувати високочистий розчин натрію гіпохлориту, що містить 500 мг/л NaClO і 0.6 мг/л NaClO3. Виходи за струмом натрію гіпохлориту та хлорату становлять 78 та 0.2 % відповідно. Електрохімічний реактор з трьома проточними елементами ємністю 9.2 л/год за струму 3 А дозволяє постійно отримувати розчин, що містить 1000 мг/л NaClO і не більше 6 мг/л NaClO3. Розроблені прототипи електролізерів успішно пройшли етапи лабораторних та експериментальних випробувань.
Los gustos espaciales y las expectativas residenciales en Chile: el principio del derecho a la vivienda
Authors: Rojo-Mendoza Félix
Published: June 2021

El artículo explora las expectativas residenciales de los habitantes de Temuco, una de las ciudades intermedias más importantes de Chile. Se analizan los dispositivos simbólicos vinculados a la idea de vivienda, determinando con ello las diferencias discursivas entre clases altas, medias y bajas. Considerando las transformaciones en las formas de producción del capitalismo actual, la creación de nuevas clases sociales y la temprana introducción de la idea de vivienda propia en Chile, se relativiza el supuesto planteado por Bourdieu respecto al grado de correspondencia entre los capitales de una persona y la proyección de un gusto espacial determinado sobre la ciudad. Se reconocen cinco sectores diferentes de Temuco en términos socioespaciales y se utiliza la Teoría Fundamentada como estrategia metodológica para analizar 30 entrevistas realizadas; así, los resultados indican que el principio de propiedad sobre la vivienda opera como el fundamento central de la expectativa residencial, independiente de la clase social de la persona.
Values of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the posterior fossa in the pediatric population of Colombia
Authors: López-Cadena Andrés Fernando , Moreno-Gómez Luz Ángela , Guerrero-Gómez Diego Armando
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Posterior fossa tumors are common in the pediatric population and require adequate characterization by means of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced MRI techniques to achieve an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Objectives: To determine the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the differential diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in the pediatric population treated at a reference hospital in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Materials and methods: Diagnostic accuracy study carried out in 28 pediatric patients diagnosed with posterior fossa tumor between 2017 and 2019 at the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, a quaternary care institution. ADC values were measured and compared with histopathological diagnosis as gold standard, obtaining sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Differences between medians were determined using the Kruskall-Wallis test. The p value between the quantitative ADC value and the gold standard was calculated using Pearson's chi-squared test, with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 83.9 months (SD=57 months), and 64.28% of them were boys. Medulloblastoma was the most frequent tumor (39.29%). For the diagnosis of medulloblastoma, an ADC value of 0.6210x10-³mm²/s was established, obtaining a sensitivity and specificity of 81.82% and 76.47%, respectively. For the diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma, an ADC of 1.03x10-³mm²/s was determined, with a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 89.40%.
Conclusions: ADC value is useful to classify and differentiate posterior fossa tumors in the Colombian pediatric population, showing an inversely proportional relationship with the tumor grade.
Actual questions about the choice of the method of delivery of women with cesarean section in history
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine, Nazarenko L.G.
Published: June 2021

The medical and social significance of the problem of abdominal delivery is determined by its prevalence, its impact on the most important health indicators, parameters of maternal and perinatal mortality. The rate of Caesarean section (CS) is uncontrolled and steadily growing. This generates a new problem that is the birth of previously operated women, which in most cases are solved in one-sided way in the Ukrainian realities, in favor of an elective repeated CS. The present data is mainly provided by foreign authors on the most controversial aspects of the problem: the risk of primary CS, ways of controlling the overall frequency of CS, the frequency and possibilities of predicting the success of vaginal births. Key words: cesarean delivery, frequency, causes, cesarean section, vaginal births.
Protozoynye invasion of urogenital system in combine with bacterial vaginosis agents by women of fertil age and their sexual partners
Authors:   Ukrainian Military Medical Academy, Kyiv, Fedorich P.V.
Published: June 2021

Study of protozoyny invazions of the uroganital system with combination of microorganisms which are associated with bacterial vaginosis by women of fertil age and their sexual partners men is perspective direction of modern medicine. The development of this direction can increase the level of diagnostic inspection of patients by transmissible mainly sexual way infections and improve of efficiency of their treatment. The objective: exposure of combine defeats of uroganital system with different kinds of trichomonas or lamblias and microorganisms which are associated with bacterial vaginosis, for the women of fertil age and their sexual partners – men. All patients have infections, transmissible mainly sexual way with a chronic process and their treatment. Materials and methods. The special research of biomaterial, taken from the urogenital system of women of fertil age and their sexual partners-men, patients infections, transmissible mainly sexual way with a chronic process is conducted. 198 patients were inspected in clinic. Used the method of PCR, amplifier of DT-96, reagents of «Femoflor-16», praymeris for the indication of Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia lamblia. Results. Protozoyny invasions of the urogenital system determined at 88 (44.4%) of patients. At 77 (38.8%) from them determined the differet kinds of trichomonadies: Trichomonas tenax – at 41 (20.7%), Pentatrichomonas hominis – at 28 (14.1%), Trichomonas vaginalis – at 8 (4%). Giardia lamblia determined from 11 patients (5.6%). For 92% inspected patients with a protozoal invasions were determined the increassng of indexes of microflora, associated with bacterial vaginosis. The treatment of combine pathology of urogenital system which are caused different kinds trichomonades and microorganisms, which associated with BV, were conducted with etiotropic therapy. Seknidox used 2 tablets one time per day during 5 days. Orcipol used 1 tablets 3 or 2 times per a day (depending on weight) during 10 days. In research took part 56 patients with chronic ITSW. By 54 patients (96.4%) were eliminated of trichomonas. The normalization microflora’s level is attained for a 31 (57.4%) patient. Decrease of mocroflora’s, which associated with BV is marked by 24 patients (42.6%). Conclusions. This original method of treatment, is effective, has satisfactory bearableness and can be recommended for empiric therapy of combined pathology of urogenital system, caused of protozoyny invasions (different kinds of trichomonas) and microorganisms, associated with bacterial vaginosis, for the women of fertil age and their sexual partners with chronic infections, transmissible mainly sexual a way. This agents have a certain role in development of diseases of the urogenital system. Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Giardia lamblia, invasion, fertil age.
The temptation of cesarean section (Basic NB! Modified Techniques)
Authors:   Kherson Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Herman Yu.V. , Grigurko D.O. ,   Kherson Regional Clinical Hospital, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Obstetrics has changed in an era of «selective caesarean section». In a few decades, a rather rare operation, designed to save the lives of the mother and the baby, has become a frequent and even casual way of giving birth. The modified cesarean section technique, performed simultaneously by two surgeons, is an advanced surgical intervention. The peculiarities of its implementation indicate that the risks associated with this surgery are decreased. Key words: cesarean section, modification, surgical technique, perfection, safety.
The role of hepatoprotective and venotonic treatment in the prevention of recurrence of benign and borderline ovarian tumors after performing conservative organ-sparing operations
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Sukhanova A.A. , Egorov M.Yu. ,   Communal Nonprofit Enterprise Consultative and Diagnostic Center of Obolonsky District, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The objective: to increase the efficiency of treatment of patients with benign (DEOA) and borderline (PEOI) epithelial ovarian tumors after performing organ-sparing operations based on the appointment of a comprehensive anti-relapse therapy. Materials and methods. A clinical examination of 246 patients was conducted. The retrospective group consisted of 112 patients with DEOI and PES. The retrospective group was divided into two subgroups: І subgroup - 85 (75.9%) patients with DEEA; The second subgroup – 27 (24.1%) patients with PED. The prospective group included 60 patients with EOJ, of whom 30 women (subgroup III) were diagnosed with DEWI, and the remaining 30 women (subgroup IV) had PEOI. All women in the prospective group received a course of complex anti-relapse therapy with the inclusion of a non-hormonal modulator of estrogen metabolism, hepatoprotector and venotonics after the conservative surgical treatment was performed. The control group included 64 patients with DEOA and PEDO who were given conservative surgical treatment without prescribing a comprehensive anti-relapse therapy in the future. Used clinical, ultrasonographic with Doppler, histopathological, immunohistochemical studies. Results. During the study of concomitant somatic pathology, it was found that the pathology of the pancreato-hepatobiliary system and venous disease was significantly more often diagnosed in patients with PEOI than DEOA (p<0.05). The purpose of a complex anti-relapse therapy, which includes the non-hormonal estrogen metabolism modulator Quinol (1 capsule twice a day) for 6 months with a repeated course of six months, hepatoprotector Hepanex (1 capsule twice a day) and Pentaven venotonik (1 each) a tablet per day) for 1 month with a repetition of the course 2 times a year for the entire observation period, allowed to reduce the relapse of the DEWD from 13.5% to 3.3%, and PESI – from 29.6% to 10% within three years follow-up assessment of the reproductive health of patients. Conclusion. To optimize the management of patients with DEOA and PEOA after performing conservative surgical treatment, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive anti-relapse therapy, which includes the use of a non-hormonal modulator of Quinol estrogen metabolism (1 capsule twice a day) for 6 months, repeating the course in six months, hepatoprotector Hepanex (1 capsule twice a day) and Pentavenic venotonics (1 tablet per day) for 1 month with a repetition of the course 2 times a year for 3 years. Key words: benign and borderline ovarian tumors, conservative surgical treatment, estrogen metabolism modulator, hepatoprotector, venotonic.
Divine Revelation in the Philosophical Essays of al-Fārābī in Comparison with the Mystical Thoughts of Ibn ‘Arabī
Authors: Gharamaleki Ghorbanali Karimzadeh , HosseiniEskandian Abdullah , Udin Nur Hidayat Wakhid
Published: June 2021

One of the most important concepts discussed in Islamic sciences is the explanation of divine revelation. Al-Fārābī and Ibn ‘Arabī are among the leading Islamic thinkers who have tried to explain divine revelation according to their style and school of thought. Al-Fārābī considers revelation as receiving knowledge from the active intellect while Ibn ‘Arabī considers it as the revelation of abstract rational meanings from God to the prophets. Examining and comparing their views on divine revelation can acquaint us with their thoughts on how the revelation and its quality came about as well as their intellectual similarities and differences. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the essence of revelation in the thought of these two scholars. It also analyzes the quality and degree of revelation in their minds. The discussion ends with a comparison of their views on this issue. Al-Fārābī and Ibn ‘Arabī consider revelation as a divine command revealed by God directly or indirectly to the prophets to guide their people. While al-Fārābī tries to explain the revelation based on the prominent role of the Active Intellect, Ibn ‘Arabī pays attention to the issue of divine grace in sending of the revelation and the imagination of the prophets.
Sufism and Its Artistic Creativity: The Role of the Sammāniyya Sufi Order in the Da‘wah Activity in Sumatera
Authors: Syafieh Syafieh , Saifuddin Saifuddin , Siregar Mawardi
Published: June 2021

This study discusses the Sammāniyya Sufi Order’s creativity in designing art and employing it as a means of da‘wah which emphasizes cultural values and wisdom in a pluralistic society. The informants of this study are the murshid (the Sufi master), caliph, and the adherents of the Sammāniyya Order. The data has been collected from observation, in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and documentation. This study uses domain analysis and taxonomy to analyze data. The study reveals that the Sammāniyya leaders’ creativity in their da‘wah carried on to the present days has been manifested in the Acehnese saman dance which is related to the practice of the Sammāniyya Order established by Shaykh Muhammad Saman. Debus (the ancient martial art from Banten) and silek kumango (the martial art found in West Sumatera) are also rooted from his practice. Therefore, the arts developed by the shaykh are clear evidence that local wisdom and Islamic Sharia do not have to be contradictory to each other. The arts have become not only an entertainment but also a medium of conveying Islamic messages to the public.
Statistical structures on tangent bundles and tangent Lie groups
Authors: PEYGHAN Esmaeil , SEİFİPOUR Davood , GEZER Aydın
Published: June 2021

Let $TM$ be a tangent bundle over a Riemannian manifold $M$ with a Riemannian metric $g$ and $TG$ be a tangent Lie group over a Lie group with a left-invariant metric $g$. The purpose of the paper is two folds. Firstly, we study statistical structures on the tangent bundle $TM$ equipped with two Riemannian $g$-natural metrics and lift connections. Secondly, we define a left-invariant complete lift connection on the tangent Lie group $TG$ equipped with metric $\tilde{g}$ introduced in [F. Asgari and H. R. Salimi Moghaddam, On the Riemannian geometry of tangent Lie groups, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo II. Series, 2018] and study statistical structures in this setting.
On localization of the star-Menger selection principle
Authors: CHANDRA Debraj , ALAM Nur
Published: June 2021

In this paper we primarily introduce the local version of star-Menger property, namely locally star-Menger property (a space with this property is called locally star-Menger) and present some important topological observations. Certain interactions between the new notion and star-Menger property are also observed. Some observations on effectively locally star-Menger Pixley-Roy hyperspaces (introduced here) are obtained. Preservation like properties under several topological operations are also interpreted carefully. Besides, several results on decomposition and remainder of locally star-Menger spaces are also presented.
Interactions Between Collagen and Alternative Leather Tanning Systems to Chromium Salts by Comparative Thermal Analysis Methods
Authors: Yorgancioglu Ali , Onem Ersin , Yilmaz Onur , Karavana Huseyin Ata
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate the interactions between collagen and tanning processes performed by ecol-tan®, phosphonium, EasyWhite Tan®, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde-free replacement synthetic tannin (syntan), condensed (mimosa) and hydrolysed (tara) vegetable tanning agents as alternatives to conventional basic chromium sulfate, widely used in the leather industry. Collagen stabilisation with tanning agents was determined by comparative thermal analysis methods: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and conventional shrinkage temperature (T
s) measurement. Analysis techniques and tanning agents were compared and bonding characteristics were ranked by the thermal stabilisation they provided. Chromium tanning agent was also compared with the alternative tanning systems. The results provide a different perspective than the conventional view to provide a better understanding of the relationship between tanning and thermal stability of leather materials.
Glass transitions in bituminous binders
Authors: Apostolidis Panos , Elwardany Michael , Porot Laurent , Vansteenkiste Stefan , Chailleux Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

The RILEM TC 272 PIM (Phase and Interphase behavior of innovative bituminous Materials)—TG1 Binder has initiated an inter-laboratory program investigating the phase and interphase behaviour of bituminous binders. Within the scope, four laboratories evaluated the low temperature properties of seven binders with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC has been accepted as a powerful tool to evaluate, among others, the glass transitions, Tg, monitoring the endothermic or exothermic heat flow of a material under controlled temperature conditions. There are different ways to run the test, conventional temperature linear-DSC (TL-DSC), and temperature modulation-DSC (TM-DSC). The latter has been proven as an efficient method differentiating the structural relaxation phenomena from the heat capacity. In this study, emphasis was placed on comparing the Tg measured by TL- and TM-DSC to improve the interpretation of binder glass transitions. In this study, the scope was restrained to two Polymer modified Binders (PmBs): a commercially available modified binder named PmB1 and a highly modified binder (7.5 wt% high vinyl SBS) named PmB2, were evaluated and compared with two neat bituminous binders. Based on the thermographs of the PmB2 obtained through this inter-laboratory program, it was observed that the modification by 7.5% SBS resulted in a decrease of the Tg. This reduction of Tg reflects the positive influence of SBS at low temperatures.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/uwp/whis/2020/00000030/00000002/art00001
Authors: Griffiths Ralph A.
Published: June 2021

The surviving will of William Gefferey (1503), a successful haberdasher with roots in the lordship of Gower, casts rare light on the world of a well-travelled merchant who established himself in the Barnstaple area of north Devon and in the city of London, while remaining conscious of his south Wales heriage to his dying day. It reflects his social attitudes and charitable instincts, while his gifts of printed books to churches in Swansea and north Devon suggest a cultivated person. He is to be numbered among the Welsh diaspora that gathered momentum in post-conquest Wales.
Officeholding and Local Politics in Early Modern Wales: A Study of the Salesburys of Rhug and Bachymbyd, c. 1536–1621
Authors: Jarrett Sadie
Published: June 2021

Officeholding was a defining ascpect of early modern Welsh gentility and was more prominent in upholding the status and authority of the Welsh gentry than it was for their English counterparts. Using a case study of the Salesburys of Rhug and Bachymbyd, this article analyses the importance of officeholding to the Welsh gentry after the Acts of Union (1536 and 1543). It finds that the Salesburys were effective local administrators who understood how to use officeholding to enhance their status in their community. At the same time, the family were not isolated in the localities and they continually engaged with the agents of central government.
Parodi ve Kültürel Bellek Bağlamında Reklam İmgeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: TOKSÖZ Emin
Published: June 2021

Postmodern dönemde pek çok çalışmada kültür ve toplum hafızasında yer edinmiş imgelerin görsel iletişim tasarımı, reklam ve alt alanlarında yeterince incelenmediği görülmektedir. Ancak görsel iletişimin göstergelerarasılık ve mizahta kesiştiği nokta olan parodinin etkin kullanımı için özellikle reklam tasarımlarında kültür ve topluma ait imgelerin kullanımının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Özellikle reklam afişlerinde kültürel bellek ve toplumsal hafıza imgelerinden parodi gibi mizahi bir üslupla yararlanılması iletişim gücünü olumlu yönde artırabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı görsel iletişim tasarımı alanlarında uygulanan kültürel bellek ve mizaha ilişkin formların keşfini sağlamak ve reklam afişlerinin kültürel bellek ve parodi (alaycı taklit) çerçevesinde değerlendirilebilir olduğunu göstermektir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında reklam afişlerinin kültürel bellek ve alaycı parodi çerçevesinde teorik altı yapısı incelenmiş, reklam afişlerinde yer alan mizahi unsurlar ele alınmış ve elde edilen bilgilerden yola çıkılarak örnek reklam afişleri parodi ve kültürel bellek bağlamında mizahi içerik bakımından değerlendirilmiştir.
Osmanlı Döneminde Tokat Takyeciler Camii Vakıfları
Authors: AÇIKEL Ali
Published: June 2021

Tokat, tarihte birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış Anadolu’daki eski şehirlerden biridir. XI. asrın sonlarında Türk hâkimiyetine giren Tokat şehrinde Danişmentli, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemlerinde cami, mescid, medrese, imaret, zâviye, han, hamam ve türbe gibi çok sayıda dinî, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel eserler vücuda getirilmiştir. Bu eserlerin vücuda getirilmesinde Tokat’ın doğu-batı, güney-kuzeye giden yol güzergâhında bulunması, ılıman iklimi ve verimli tarım toprakları ile zengin bir sosyo-ekonomik potansiyele sahip olmasının rolü büyüktür. Osmanlı ülkesinin genelinde olduğu gibi, Tokat’ta tesis edilmiş olan dinî, sosyal, kültürel ve iktisadî eserler, vakıf akarlar yardımı ile varlığını idame ettirmiştir.Bu makalede Osmanlı döneminde Tokat’taki ikinci ulu cami olarak değerlendirilen Takyeciler Camii vakıfları ele alınacaktır. Caminin inşa kitabesi olmamakla birlikte, vakıf kayıtları yapının 15. yüzyılda inşa edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu cami XII-XX. asırlar arasında Tokat şehir merkezinde inşa edilen 17 caminin en büyüklerinden biridir. Camiinin vakıfları hakkında sınırlı zaman dilimlerini kapsayan ve az sayıda belge incelemesine dayanan bazı münferit çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada arşivlerin muhtelif fonlarındaki belgeler ve Tokat Şer‘iye Sicillerindeki kayıtlar yardımı ile başlangıcından günümüze kadar Takyeciler Camii’nin bütün vakıf akarları incelenecektir. Caminin inşası sonrasında bakım ve onarımı ile görevlilerinin maaşı için bir vakıf tesis edilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı hayır sahipleri camii için ilave vakıflar kurmuşlardır. İncelemenin amacı, Takyeciler Camii vakıflarını bütün yönleriyle ele alarak Tokat’ın sosyo-kültürel tarihine katkı sağlamaktır.
The Vaccine Boost: An Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout on Measures of Activity
Authors: Tito Maria D. , Sexton Ashley
Published: June 2021

Several measures of economic activity have shown improvement since the start of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. This note quantifies the impact of the rollout across four main dimensions of activity: spending, mobility, education, and employment.
High-Frequency Estimates of the Natural Real Rate and Inflation Expectations
Authors: Aronovich Alex , Meldrum Andrew
Published: June 2021

We propose a new method of estimating the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations, using nonlinear regressions of survey-based measures of short-term nominal interest rates and inflation expectations on U.S. Treasury yields. We find that the natural real rate was relatively stable during the 1990s and early 2000s, but declined steadily after the global financial crisis, before dropping more sharply to around 0 percent during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Long-horizon inflation expectations declined steadily during the 1990s and have since been relatively stable at close to 2 percent. According to our method, the declines in both the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations are clearly statistically significant. Our estimates are available at whatever frequency we observe bond yields, making them ideal for intraday event-study analysis--for example, we show that the natural real rate and long-horizon inflation expectations are not affected by temporary shocks to the stance of monetary policy.
RUSSIAN ORIENTAL STUDIES IN THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SERGEI OLDENBURG AND VASILY BARTHOLD
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ananiev V. G. , Bukharin M. D. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

One of the most important sources on the history of Russian academic historical science in general and on the history of Russian Oriental studies in particular is the correspondence between the largest researchers of the history of the Near and Middle East, Academician Vasily Bartold and the permanent secretary of the IAS (RAS/AS of the USSR) in 1904–1929 Academician Sergei Oldenburg. The correspondence is kept in the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The documents themselves have not yet been published, and their commented introduction into scientific circulation is only expected. The documents contain detailed information on the development and implementation (both successful and unsuccessful) of research plans of these two major Russian scholars on various turns of Russian history in the late 19th – first third of the 20th century in general and Russian humanities in particular, as well as numerous details of their personal relations and relations with colleagues for more than 30 years. The letters indicate the position of Bartold and Oldenburg not only on the most important academic issues related to European Oriental studies, but also on issues of social and political importance for the fate of Russia. An important aspect of the activities of Bartold and Oldenburg was the work to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, as well as to support public education and higher education. The correspondence between Bartold and Oldenburg is the most important source for reconstructing the scientific biographies of both scholars, as well as for reconstructing the history of Russian (Soviet) science and culture of the late 19th – first third of the 20th century. A brief overview of archival documents predates the publication of all correspondence between Bartold and Oldenburg.
“WORLD EMPIRES” OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C. IN THE THEORETICAL SCHEMES OF SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ladynin I. A. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: June 2021

A feature of the Near Eastern history, observed in antiquity and in the Middle Ages in the first millennium B.C., is the emergence of vast centralized interregional states succeeding one another. In the late 19th century, the French Egyptologist Gaston Maspero showed that this was a gradual stage of integration of the microregion (following the interaction of the superpowers of the Late Вronze Age), and this point of view was shared by the Russian pre-revolutionary scholars N. Kareev and B. Turaev. Soviet research could not ignore the phenomenon, but had to put it in the context of the Marxist categories of the socio-economic “basis” and the political “superstructure”; oddly, an approach to the problem in the 1930s – 1950s was affected by Stalin’s own words about the transience of “Cyrus’ and Alexander’s empires”. However, starting with the work on the multivolume World History in the mid-1950s, the Near Eastern empires were treated as an important, moreover, a diagnostic feature of the second part of antiquity following the transition to the Iron Age. The paramount role in formulating this point belonged to Igor Diakonoff and his colleagues, who explained the emergence of empires by the processes within the oldest societies of the region (their alleged “crisis” in the late second millennium B.C.) and by the need to integrate the region between the center (irrigational societies) and periphery (regions supplying raw materials). Post-Soviet research has developed the theme rather meagerly. A factor strangely overlooked in the forwarded schemes is the rapid economic development of the Near Eastern societies having entered the Iron Age, which backed the demand for their firm political integration.
“USED FOR TRANSPORTATION FOR RUNS AND SUPPLIES...”: EXPENSES OF THE SOLIKAMSK VOIVODSHIP OFFICE IN THE 1720s–1780s
Authors:   Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Kosmovskaya А. А.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the expenses of the Solikamsk voivodship office in the 1720s – 1780s. The problems of forming the expenditure part of the budgets of county institutions at the heyday of absolute monarchy seem to be poorly studied at the regional level. The author systematizes the data on the expenditure of local offices based on the study of materials of expendable and income books, extracts, books of worldly elders, arrears, salary books and other financial documents of the 18th century, many of which were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The Solikamsk voevodsky office spent the funds received from the population in accordance with the government's policy in each specific historical period. In the 1720s, the Solikamsk voivodship office financed the creation of enterprises in the Urals, hired workers to build factories, and payed for the services of a surveyor. All fees for various types of tax receipts were recorded in the current documentation of the provincial offices, which makes it possible to assess the items of income and expenses during the study period. The article concludes that local authorities were fulfilling the task of collecting taxes, and the office budget was surplus during the study period. The main part of the collected money went to the central departments for further use. The rest of the money went to the current needs of the voivodship office. The most significant expense items were payments to the Сhamber Board, the State Office, the Berg College, and the Kazan Admiralty Office. The financial activity of the office was associated with the wine monopoly (payment for wine and barrels). Administrative and economic expenses for their own needs did not make up such a significant part of money resources as compared to sending them to central departments. The presence of a constant cash balance in the Solikamsk office proves the success of the voivodship office during the period under study.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE SUPPLY OF MILITARY PRODUCTS BY STATE-OWNED MINING PLANTS IN THE URALS IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors:   Ural Federal university, Bakshaev A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the activities of public authorities to improve the procedure for manufacturing and acceptance of military products in the first third of the 19th century. The author notes that the unsatisfactory performance of military outfits by state-owned plants in the Urals, as well as numerous disputes over the rejection of metals, guns and shells between military receivers and the mining administration forced them to revise the existing laws governing acceptance of military products. There were two stages in the development of the regulatory framework for the military order. At the first stage, in 1804, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, approved by the imperial decree, a special committee was created, consisting of the leaders of Ministry of Land Forces, the Naval Ministry and the Ministry of Finance. As a result, new rules for testing and acceptance of military products were developed. Already in 1808, those rules required processing, which was handled by the Scientific Committee for the Artillery Unit of the Artillery Department. Representatives of the Mining Department were also involved in the work on improving the rules. As a result, new requirements for accepting guns and shells were developed. The second stage of improving the legislation governing the production of military products covers the 1820s – early 1830s. By the early 1820s, state-owned plants of the Urals could no longer cope with the repeatedly increasing volumes of military orders. In addition, they were charged with the manufacture of new types of military products. As a result, in 1822, on the initiative of the Minister of Finance, a special committee was again created from the officials of the Artillery and Mining departments. The result of its activities was the improvement of the supply system of military products, the reduction in orders and the development of new rules for trial and acceptance of military products.
MATERIAL PROVISION OF CANADIAN VOLUNTEERS’ FAMILIES DURING WORLD WAR I
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Simonenko E. S.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the Canadian government policy of social protection and support for soldiers’ dependents during World War I. The description of events begins when Canada entered the war (August 4, 1914) and ends when the North American Dominion switched to the system of compulsory military service (conscription) (August 29, 1917). The reconstruction of the details of the material support for soldiers’ dependents during the war helps reveal the details of the functioning of the Canadian government’s social policy in the early 20th century. The article is based on the legislative acts of the Dominion Government, official records of the debates in the Canadian parliament, and the Provincial press publications. It examines the institutional foundations of providing financial assistance to soldiers’ dependents using the example of the creation and activities of special state and non-state institutions (the Canadian Patriotic Fund, the Board of Pension Commissioners, and the Separation Allowance Board). It studies the process of forming the legislative base of social security for dependents of soldiers serving in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces and the Canadian Navy. The author traces the assignment and payment of social benefits to wives, children, parents and other dependents. The Canadian laws enacted during the war provided social assistance to military dependents in the form of state maintenance benefits and survivor’s pensions. The low rate of government benefits was offset by donations raised by charities. The process of creating special state bodies was very slow, and their activities were not always effective. Against this background, the work of the Canadian Patriotic Fund looked more fruitful.
HOARDS OF THE STONE AGE AS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES
Authors:   Russian State Professional Pedagogical University (Nizhny Tagil Branch), Serikov Yu. B.
Published: June 2021

Hoards are a rare and informative type of archaeological sources. Different definitions of hoards are given in dictionaries and in special literature: “hoards-treasures”, “hoards of the caster”, “trading hoards”, “household hoards”, “cult hoards”, “sacrificial hoards”, “votive hoards”, “ceremonial-votive hoards”, “hoards-offerings”, “production hoards”, “hoards of raw materials”, “hoards of the master”, “hoards-satchel sets”, etc. Hoards are often found by accident and usually not by archaeologists. At the same time, the hoard is not always passed to specialists in full. A finder of the hoard can remove one or more items from it or, on the contrary, add items lying nearby to the hoard. All these factors reduce the degree of information content of hoards found by random people. The location of the hoard in relation to the relief and borders of the archaeological site is not always fixed. Also, the mineral raw materials of products from the hoard are not always described. Some researchers do not provide images of all the finds from the hoard in their publications and do not indicate the metric indicators of the items in the hoard. Quite often, any accumulation of finds on the site is considered as a hoard without additional arguments. But the accumulation of objects in the cultural layer of sites may be not a hoard, but a production set at a home workshop. It is proposed to refer to the actual hoards, first of all, the hoards found outside the cultural layer of settlements (sites). Hoards are also tightly packed products, which indicates that they were in some kind of container. Accumulations of products buried in a hole and covered with a stone or slab can also be called hoards. In other cases of the accumulation of items interpreted by the author as a hoard, the word “hoard” must be taken in quotation marks. Failure to comply with special requirements for the study and publication of hoards reduces the information capacity of hoards as archaeological sources.
NATURE-MADE CHARMS OF MAMMAL BONE IN THE MEDIEVAL PERM CIS-URALS
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krylasova N. B. ,   Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Kosintsev P. A. ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural branch of Russian Academy of Science
Published: June 2021

Mammal bone charms held a special place in the culture of the Finno-Ugrian people of the Perm Cis-Urals. Apart from the drilled hole, these bones were not treated in any way. Analysis of charms unearthed in medieval settlements and burial sites showed that particular parts of the mammal’s skeleton were used – mandibles of fur animals (marten, beaver, fox) and teeth, as well as talus bones of beavers and small cattle. Other bones, such as bears’ ungual phalanxes, otters’ penile bones, martens’ and hares’ lower extremities and reindeer’s prongs, were less common. As for the teeth, they comprise the incisors of large ungulate animals (cattle, horses, moose deer) and the fangs of a wider range of species (martens, foxes, dogs, horses, pigs, and bears). In terms of species, there are parts of skeletons of both domestic animals (big and small cattle, horses, less commonly dogs and pigs) and wild animals (moose deer, bears, martens, foxes, beavers, otters, and hares). The finds from the burial sites showed that bear jaws and fangs, as well as beaver talus bones, were usually worn on belts, while marten and fox fangs were typically part of women’s necklaces. Judging by the age and sex of the persons buried with these charms, they were the most vulnerable members of their community – children, old people and women. Charms could not have any connection with any cults or faiths cultivated within a given community, since kinds of charms such as bear fangs and claws, beaver talus bones and teeth of certain animals were widespread, their popularity extremely scattered in terms of time and space. Mammal bone charms were seen as personal helpers and were associated with superstitions rather than faith.
ANCIENT HISTORY AND NEW PUBLICISM: ABOUT SEARCHING FOR A NARRATIVE IN THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE STALIN TIME
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Krikh S. В.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the features of the genesis and functioning of a special type of historical narrative in Soviet scholarship, which gained particular strength in the 1930s and gradually exhausted by the late 1940s. For convenience of characterization, the author focuses on Soviet works about ancient history and analyzes the main attitudes of their authors (“old” Marxists, scholars who coverted to Marxism, and the Soviet generation of historians), and the reasons and features of their appeal to the genre of historical and journalistic narratives about the past eras. This type of narrative is therefore associated with the formation and flowering of the Stalinist regime. The changes of the 1930s are all the more remarkable as we can compare the style of historians who wrote before and after this time. Using the examples of A. Tyumenev or B. Bogaevsky, the reader can see how respectful and loyal attitude to foreign scholarship was replaced by loud criticism of the limitations of “bourgeois” historians, in whose works Soviet historians certainly found features of “reactionary”. On the example of the books by N.I. Nedelsky and A.V. Mishulin, the author shows how historians who did not engage in scholarship before the revolution took the same path. In conclusion, the author gives the general characteristics of the genre, as well as an explanation of why it was doomed to gradual self-exhaustion, not only because it depended on external (political) but also because it was influenced by internal reasons.