bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a JA-Ile Biosynthesis Inhibitor to Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Strawberry Fruit Induces Upregulation of Specific MBW Complex-Related Genes and Accumulation of Proanthocyanidins
Authors: Delgado Laura , Zúñiga Paz , Figueroa Nicolás , Pastene Edgar , Escobar-Sepúlveda Hugo , Figueroa Pablo , Garrido-Bigotes Adrián , Figueroa Carlos
Published: June 2018

Fleshy fruits are an important source of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), which protect plants against stress, and their consumption provides beneficial effects for human health. In strawberry fruit, the application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) upregulates anthocyanin accumulation, although the relationship between the jasmonate pathway and anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis in fruits remains to be understood. Anthocyanin and PA accumulation is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level through R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors in different plant species and organs. Here, the effect of jarin-1, a specific inhibitor of bioactive JA (jasmonoyl-isoleucine, JA-Ile) biosynthesis, on anthocyanin and PA accumulation was evaluated during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit development using an in vitro ripening system for 48 h. Also, we observed the effects of MeJA and the application of jarin-1 to MeJA-treated fruits (MeJA + jarin-1 treatment). We assessed changes of expression levels for the JA-Ile and MeJA biosynthetic (FaJAR1.2 and FaJMT), JA signaling-related (FaMYC2 and FaJAZ1), MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex-related (FabHLH3/33, FaMYB9/10/11, and repressor FaMYB1), and anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic (FaANS, FaUFGT, FaANR, and FaLAR) genes. In addition, the promoter region of MBW complex-related MYB genes was isolated and sequenced. We found a higher redness of strawberry fruit skin and anthocyanin content in MeJA-treated fruits with respect to jarin-1-treated ones concomitant with an upregulation of FaANS and FaUFGT genes. Inversely, the PA content was higher in jarin-1- and MeJA + jarin-1-treated than in MeJA-treated fruits. MeJA + jarin-1 treatment resulted in an upregulation of FaANR and associated transcription factors such as FabHLH33 and FaMYB9/11 along with FaJMT and FaJAR1.2. Finally, we found JA-responsive elements in the promoter regions of FaMYB1/9/10/11 genes. It is proposed that PA biosynthesis-related genes can be upregulated by the application of jarin-1 to MeJA-treated fruit, thus increasing PA accumulation in strawberry.
Protein Carriers for Glycoconjugate Vaccines: History, Selection Criteria, Characterization and New Trends
Authors: Micoli Francesca , Adamo Roberto , Costantino Paolo
Published: June 2018

Currently licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are composed of a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to a protein carrier. Polysaccharides are T-cell independent antigens able to directly stimulate B cells to produce antibodies. Disease burden caused by polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria is highest in the first year of life, where plain polysaccharides are not generally immunogenic, limiting their use as vaccines. This limitation has been overcome by covalent coupling carbohydrate antigens to proteins that provide T cell epitopes. In addition to the protein carriers currently used in licensed glycoconjugate vaccines, there is a search for new protein carriers driven by several considerations: (i) concerns that pre-exposure or co-exposure to a given carrier can lead to immune interference and reduction of the anti-carbohydrate immune response; (ii) increasing interest to explore the dual role of proteins as carrier and protective antigen; and (iii) new ways to present carbohydrates antigens to the immune system. Protein carriers can be directly coupled to activated glycans or derivatized to introduce functional groups for subsequent conjugation. Proteins can be genetically modified to pre-determine the site of glycans attachment by insertion of unnatural amino acids bearing specific functional groups, or glycosylation consensus sequences for in vivo expression of the glycoconjugate. A large portion of the new protein carriers under investigation are recombinant ones, but more complex systems such as Outer Membrane Vesicles and other nanoparticles are being investigated. Selection criteria for new protein carriers are based on several aspects including safety, manufacturability, stability, reactivity toward conjugation, and preclinical evidence of immunogenicity of corresponding glycoconjugates. Characterization panels of protein carriers include tests before conjugation, after derivatization when applicable, and after conjugation. Glycoconjugate vaccines based on non-covalent association of carrier systems to carbohydrates are being investigated with promising results in animal models. The ability of these systems to convert T-independent carbohydrate antigens into T-dependent ones, in comparison to traditional glycoconjugates, needs to be assessed in humans.
HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS IN CAVITIES
Authors: Funaro Daniele
Published: June 2018

If the interior of a conducting cavity (such as a capacitor or a coaxial cable) is supplied with a very high-frequency electric signal, the information between the walls propagates with an appreciable delay, due to the _niteness of the speed of light. The con_guration is typical of cavities having size larger than the wavelength of the injected signal. Such a non rare situation, in practice, may cause a break down of the performances of the device. We show that the classical Coulomb's law and Maxwell's equations do not correctly predict this behavior. Therefore, we provide an extension of the modeling equations that allows for a more reliable determination of the electromagnetic _eld during the evolution process. The main issue is that, even in vacuum (no dielectric inside the device), the fast variation of the signal produces sinks and sources in the electric _eld, giving rise to zones where the divergence is not zero. These regions are well balanced, so that their average in the domain is zero. However, this behavior escapes the usual treatment with classical electromagnetism.
DoeDat, the Crowdsourcing Platform of Meise Botanic Garden
Authors: Groom Quentin , De Smedt Sofie , Veríssimo Pereira Nuno , Bogaerts Ann , Engledow Henry
Published: June 2018

Herbarium specimens hold a wealth of data about plants; where they come from, where they were collected and by whom. Once digitized, these data can be searched, mapped and compared. However, the information on specimens is often handwritten and even the best software systems cannot read it. This is where we get real value from citizen involvement. Digitizing these data is only possible with the aid of human intelligence.

DoeDat is a multilingual open-source platform for transcription, based upon the DigiVol program of the Australian Museum and Atlas of Living Australia. DoeDat is a product of our digitization project Digital Access to Cultural Heritage Collections (DOE!), funded by the Flemish Government. DoeDat is about creating data and also, ‘Doe Dat’ means ‘do that’ in Dutch.

DoeDat will help us digitize our collections, and will also give the public the chance to take an active part in the process. We aim to build a community of enthusiastic online volunteers who will help us liberate botanical data from specimen labels and documents. We launched the platform on Science Day and within two months, more than one hundred volunteers had transcribed more than 4,000 specimens.

Join in at www.DoeDat.be
Tumblr as counterpublic space for fan mobilization
Authors: Chew Natalie
Published: June 2018

When the animated TV shows Young Justice (2010–) and Green Lantern: The Animated Series (2011–13) were canceled, fans of the shows campaigned together to have both shows renewed. I refer to this campaign as #saveYJandGLTAS, a hashtag frequently used on internet posts related to the campaign. This case study investigates how Tumblr served as a counterpublic space for this movement, while other social media platforms served as the more public face of this campaign. Through my analysis, I draw conclusions about how fandoms operate and the changes occurring as a result in the relationships between the media industry, creators, and consumers.
"Cult media, fandom, and textiles," by Brigid Cherry
Authors: Close Samantha Anne
Published: June 2018

Brigid Cherry, Cult media, fandom, and textiles: Handicrafting as fan art. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016, paperback, $39.95 (216p) ISBN 9781350071339.
Magnetic depression and electron transport in an ion-scale flux rope associated with Kelvin–Helmholtz waves
Authors: Tang Binbin , Li Wenya , Wang Chi , Dai Lei , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lindqvist Per-Arne , Ergun Robert , Le Contel Olivier , Pollock Craig , Russell Christopher , Burch James
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We report an ion-scale magnetic flux rope (the size of the flux rope is ∼ 8.5 ion inertial
lengths) at the trailing edge of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves observed by the Magnetospheric
Multiscale (MMS) mission on 27 September 2016, which is likely generated by
multiple X-line reconnection. The currents of this flux rope are highly
filamentary: in the central flux rope, the current flows are mainly parallel
to the magnetic field, supporting a local magnetic field increase at about
7 nT, while at the edges the current filaments are predominantly along the
antiparallel direction, which induce an opposing field that causes a
significant magnetic depression along the axis direction
(> 20 nT), meaning the overall magnetic field of this flux
rope is depressed compared to the ambient magnetic field. Thus, this flux
rope, accompanied by the plasma thermal pressure enhancement in the center,
is referred to as a crater type. Intense lower hybrid drift waves (LHDWs) are
found at the magnetospheric edge of the flux rope, and the wave potential is
estimated to be ∼ 17 % of the electron temperature. Though LHDWs
may be stabilized by the mechanism of electron resonance broadening, these
waves could still effectively enable diffusive electron transports in the
cross-field direction, corresponding to a local density dip. This indicates
LHDWs could play important roles in the evolution of crater flux ropes. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; solar wind–magnetosphere interactions)
Identifying ENSO Influences on Rainfall with Classification Models: Implications for Water Resource Management of Sri Lanka
Authors: De Silva M. Thushara , Hornberger George
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Seasonal to annual forecasts of precipitation patterns are very important for water infrastructure management. In particular, such forecasts can be used to inform decisions about the operation of multipurpose reservoir systems in the face of changing climate conditions. Success in making useful forecasts often is achieved by considering climate teleconnections such as the El-Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) as related to sea surface temperature variations. We present a statistical analysis to explore the utility of using rainfall relationships in Sri Lanka with ENSO and IOD to predict rainfall to Mahaweli and Kelani, river basins of the country. Forecasting of rainfall as classes; flood, drought and normal are helpful for the water resource management decision making. Results of these models give better accuracy than a prediction of absolute values. Quadratic discrimination analysis (QDA) and classification tree models are used to identify the patterns of rainfall classes with respect to ENSO and IOD indices. Ensemble modeling tool Random Forest is also used to predict the rainfall classes as drought and not drought with higher skill. These models can be used to forecast the areal rainfall using predicted climate indices. Results from these models are not very accurate; however, the patterns recognized are useful input to the water resources management and adaptation the climate variability of agriculture and energy sectors.
Dumping the Pump: Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Community Activism and Eco-Politics in the Age of Reagan
Authors: Friedman Gail
Published: June 2018

Environmental activists in 1980s Bucks County, Pennsylvania, waged a nearly decade-long battle against a plan to pump water from the free-flowing Delaware River. The activists ultimately lost their fight to stop construction of a pumping station, but in the process, galvanized environmental awareness in the region. This article, as a case study of grassroots community activism during the presidential administration of Ronald Reagan, a struggle known locally as “Dump the Pump” and spearheaded by a nonprofit organization called Del-AWARE, provides a regional take on recent scholarship illuminating the vibrant underlying dynamics of local civic engagement occurring amid the overshadowing political conservatism of the Reagan years. In addition, as a case study in public history, it explores how collective historical memory fueled not only Del-AWARE's protracted struggle, but its enduring legacy in public policy and community life.
The Evolution of the Psychodynamic Approach and System
Authors: Fulmer Russell
Published: June 2018

AbstractPsychodynamic theory and practice has evolved from its psychoanalytic roots. The modern psychodynamic approach is among the most inclusive and versatile schools of thought available to therapists. With both cross-cultural application and a growing evidence base, psychodynamic therapy is practiced in many countries and cultures around the world. The dynamic approach is a system that touches on human development, personality, mental disorders, and of course, therapy. This article presents an overview of contemporary dynamic theory, its underlying philosophy, and its main objectives.
Book Review: Creating a Local History Archive at Your Public Library
Authors: Lenstra Noah
Published: June 2018

Faye Phillips, a well-known consultant and author of the 1995 manual Local History Collections in Libraries (Libraries Unlimited), coalesces her expertise into this readable primer on starting an archive in a public library. This text represents a welcome addition to the growing number of books and articles focused on archives in public libraries published since 2010, when the Public Library Archives/Special Collections Section of the Society of American Archivists was formed.
Book Review: The Civil War and Reconstruction Eras: Documents Decoded
Authors: Novotny Eric
Published: June 2018

Making his fourth contribution to the Documents Decoded series, John R. Vile provides critical commentary for more than sixty documents from the era. The organization is chronological, starting in 1859 and extending to 1877. Source documents are typically brief—averaging one to five pages, with a few longer texts such as the 1861 Constitution of the Confederate States. Designed with the needs of “high school students, college students, and general citizens in mind,” (xiv) each text includes an introduction of about a paragraph providing historical context, and a brief conclusion summarizing the significance of the document. A distinguishing feature of this collection is the reader-friendly approach. The print design is clean and uncluttered with copious white space. The annotations are provided alongside the relevant text, which is clearly highlighted. Placing the commentary side by side with the text makes it easy to go back and forth between the document and the added insights. Consistent with the intended general audience, the editorial additions are not dense scholarly treatments. Rather, they define unfamiliar historical language and elaborate on the meanings of specific sections. There is a list of further readings at the end of the volume; however, no recommendations accompany individual documents.
Book Review: Encyclopedia of American Women and Religion, 2nd Ed.
Authors: Darr Terry
Published: June 2018

Women have had a major role in religion throughout history but have been consistently overlooked, providing a sound purpose and intention for this two-volume encyclopedia. The expertise shown in the comprehensive coverage is a credit to the author, June Melby Benowitz, a history professor whose research emphasizes the history of women. These volumes primarily cover the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first century. The individual entries are relatively short, between five and six paragraphs. It is a perfect starting point in the research process for students in American history, women’s studies, or theology classes.
Book Review: Geography of Trafficking: From Drug Smuggling to Modern-Day Slavery
Authors: Spieth Bethany
Published: June 2018

In keeping with its title, Shelley and Metz’s Geography of Trafficking provides an introduction to trafficking through the lens of place by focusing on how geographical features, from natural landscapes to imposed borders, contribute to trafficking.
Addiction, passion, or confusion? New theoretical insights on exercise addiction research from the case study of a female body builder
Authors: Szabo Attila
Published: June 2018

Exercise addiction is widely studied in sport science and psychology, but at this time it is not recognized as an independently diagnosable mental or psychiatric disorder. Indeed, studies on exercise addiction assess a level of risk for disordered exercise behaviour, characterized by lack of control and negative personal consequences. It is argued that commitment and passion are two overlapping features of high exercise involvement which obscure the fine line between healthy and unhealthy exercise. The present case study examined a successful female body builder who initially claimed that she was addicted to exercise. During an interview she also completed three questionnaires and her appraisal of well-being in eight life domains were assessed at present, as well as retrospectively before her intensive involvement with exercise. She was screened under the Non-Substance Related Disorders category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders classification of DSM-5 for gambling, by replacing the word "gambling" with "exercise". Although she was susceptible to exercise addiction, attained high scores on obsessive passion, exhibited more than four symptoms on the DSM list, she exhibited no signs of loss of control and she mainly reported positive experiences associated with her exercise behaviour. She has obtained a nearly maximum score on commitment to exercise and high score on harmonious passion. Almost all aspects of her life have changed in positive direction after getting intensely involved in exercise. This case illustrates that the current scholastic path to the study of exercise addiction may be obscured by ambiguous assumptions and unilateral quantitative focus.
Hvorfor og hvordan ’betyder’ nethandel? Om blandingen af teksttyper i Zalandos netbutik
Authors: Andersen Thomas Hestbæk , Van Leeuwen Theo
Published: June 2018

Shopping is one of the many everyday activities which are increasingly digitally remediated. This not only transforms the high streets of our villages and towns, but also the way customers and retailers interact, the way retailers present goods to customers, the way customers can examine goods, and the perceived and real risks customers are exposed to. Goods that can be touched and handled in markets and brick-&-mortar shops must now be inspected and selected by means of words and images, which presupposes linguistic and visual literacies. In this article, we shall analyse Zalando’s use of multimodal resources and show how a number of different registers intertwine, and we shall point to the increasing importance of language. The text analysis shall be related to findings from eye-tracking research and to findings from marketing studies, so spearheading new bridges between different approaches to the study of online shopping.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STORING TEMPERATURES ON THE ACTIVITY OF SHEEP BLOOD AND PLASMA GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE
Authors: BOŠNJAKOVIĆ Dušan , PETROVIĆ Aleksandra , VALČIĆ Olivera , JOVANOVIĆ Ivan , MILANOVIĆ Svetlana
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the stability of the activity ofglutathione peroxidases 1 and 3 during storage at +40C and -180C. Blood sampleswere taken from eight sheep and the activity of the enzyme was determined in theplasma (GPx3) and erythrocytes (GPx1) on the first, third, fifth and seventh day insamples stored at +40C and after one and three months in samples stored at -180C.GPx3 activity decreased significantly during storage at both temperatures, whileGPx1 remained steady even after three months of storage at -180C. Obtained resultsindicate that GPx3 activity has to be determined in fresh sheep plasma samples,while the activity of sheep erythrocyte GPx1 can be determined even after 3 monthsof storage at -180C.
MLSTar: automatic multilocus sequence typing of bacterial genomes in R
Authors: Ferrés Ignacio , Iraola Gregorio
Published: June 2018

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a standard tool in population genetics and bacterial epidemiology that assesses the genetic variation present in a reduced number of housekeeping genes (typically seven) along the genome. This methodology assigns arbitrary integer identifiers to genetic variations at these loci which allows us to efficiently compare bacterial isolates using allele-based methods. Now, the increasing availability of whole-genome sequences for hundreds to thousands of strains from the same bacterial species has allowed us to apply and extend MLST schemes by automatic extraction of allele information from the genomes. The PubMLST database is the most comprehensive resource of described schemes available for a wide variety of species. Here we present MLSTar as the first R package that allows us to (i) connect with the PubMLST database to select a target scheme, (ii) screen a desired set of genomes to assign alleles and sequence types, and (iii) interact with other widely used R packages to analyze and produce graphical representations of the data. We applied MLSTar to analyze more than 2,500 bacterial genomes from different species, showing great accuracy, and comparable performance with previously published command-line tools. MLSTar can be freely downloaded from http://github.com/iferres/MLSTar.
Old English wills
Authors: Moessner Lilo
Published: June 2018

Following Bhatia’s model of the ‘language of the law’, this paper treats wills and statutes as representatives of the genre ‘written formal legislative legal documents’. In an overview of the publications on Present-day English (PDE) legal writing, I point out that only statutes have been analyzed with corpus-linguistic methods (Section 1). Quantitative data about Old English (OE) legal genres do not exist; OE wills have been investigated only from a sociohistorical point of view (Section 2). This research situation requires a new approach to the study of OE wills, which is quantitative-qualitative and corpus-based. The corpus consists of 23 wills, amounting to 10,330 words (Section 3). Its analysis is presented in two parts. In the first part, a new model of the text structure of OE wills is proposed; its constituents are described and illustrated by examples. In the second part, the linguistic features sentence length, sentence structure in terms of the number of clauses per sentence and of the type and position of subordinate clauses in complex sentences, pronominal reference to the testator, and the categories of tense, mood, modality, and voice of the verbal syntagm are analyzed. The quantitative results are compared to the corresponding figures of PDE statutes. This comparison yields two sets of linguistic properties; one set is genre-specific, the other is period-specific (Section 4). In Section 5, the results of the paper are summarized, and a future research agenda is derived from them.
English word clipping in a diachronic perspective
Authors: Minkova Donka
Published: June 2018

Shortening processes are increasingly productive in Present-day English (PDE), generating 9–15% of the new words in the language. They are therefore a valuable source of information on the interaction of production, perception, prosodic well-formedness, morphological patterning, and sociolinguistic and pragmatic aspects of word-formation. One type of shortening, word clipping, is considered unpredictable by some scholars (Durkin 2009: 116; Don 2014: 27), while others (Plag 2003; Lappe 2007; Berg 2011) find non-random patterns in the outcome of clippings in PDE. The diachronic records of clipping have not been addressed systematically in the literature. Data collected from the online OED show that clipping in early English is restricted to fore-clipping, which peaked between 1300–1600 and then decreased quite sharply. Back-clipping was practically unattested until the end of Middle English, whereupon it rapidly became the dominant model, making fore-clipping a marginal pattern for common words. The association between prefixation and lack of stress during the period of widespread fore-clipping, and the stability of the left edge of the word in back-clippings after the 15th century require reference to both the surplus location and composition, and the residue structure. An account in terms of onset, stress, Morphological identity, and align-l shows how the relative importance of these constraints changes in tandem with independently established changes in the history of English.
Phase IIb Trial of an α7 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist With and Without Nicotine Patch for Withdrawal-Associated Cognitive Deficits and Tobacco Abstinence
Authors: Schuster Randi Melissa , Pachas Gladys N. , Stoeckel Luke , Cather Corinne , Nadal Mireya , Mischoulon David , Schoenfeld David A. , Zhang Haiyue , Ulysse Christine , Dodds Elisabeth B. , Sobolewski Sara , Hudziak Vicenta , Hanly Ailish , Fava Maurizio , Evins A. Eden
Published: June 2018

Purpose/Background

The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist improves cognition during nicotine withdrawal and improves abstinence rates. To do so, the effect of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, encenicline, on cognition and abstinence was evaluated when given as monotherapy and when combined with transdermal nicotine patch (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]).

Methods

Adult daily smokers, n = 160, who were motivated to quit smoking completed cognitive testing at satiated baseline and after overnight abstinence and then were randomized to receive a 12-week trial of encenicline 1 mg twice daily or identical placebo the day of the overnight abstinent cognitive testing. In the first 6 weeks of the 12-week encenicline administration, participants were also randomized to 6 weeks of NRT patch or placebo patch. Primary outcomes were cognition during abstinence and 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at week 12.

Results

No beneficial effects of encenicline were observed on cognition or abstinence when compared with placebo or when combined with NRT compared with placebo capsule + NRT. Of the 4 conditions, abstinence rates were lowest among those assigned to encenicline alone.

Conclusions

Beneficial effects of NRT were observed on cognitive and abstinence outcomes when combined with encenicline compared with encenicline plus placebo patch. Addition of NRT to encenicline improved odds of abstinence approximately 3-fold compared with encenicline plus placebo patch. We conclude that encenicline, 1 mg/d, did not improve abstinence-associated cognitive impairment or abstinence rates as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to NRT patch.
How Well Does Intraoperative Audiologic Monitoring Predict Hearing Outcome During Middle Fossa Vestibular Schwannoma Resection?
Authors: Sun Daniel Q. , Sullivan C. Blake , Kung Raymond W. , Asklof Megan , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the association between signal changes during intraoperative audiologic monitoring and postoperative audiometric outcome in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection via middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Setting:

Academic tertiary referral center.

Patients:

One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients (mean age 48.6 yrs, range 16–67; mean tumor size 9.9 mm, range 1.8–18.9 mm) who underwent MCF VS resection.

Interventions:

Intraoperative audiologic monitoring using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and direct cochlear nerve action potential (CNAP).

Main Outcome Measures:

Intraoperative ABR wave V and CNAP N1 amplitudes and postoperative pure-tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS).

Results:

On ABR, absent wave V amplitude was associated with an 81.1% increase and 82.3% decrease in postoperative PTA and WRS, respectively. On CNAP, decreased or absent N1 amplitude was associated with 47.3 and 100% increase, respectively, in postoperative PTA, and 45.3% and 100% decrease, respectively, in postoperative WRS. Receiver-operating curve analysis showed that ABR combined with CNAP using a Cueva electrode achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy in predicting postoperative hearing decline when measured by WRS class (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 100%), and performed better compared with each modality alone.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative ABR wave V and CNAP amplitude changes are associated with changes in postoperative hearing, and dual modality monitoring was more diagnostic of postoperative hearing decline compared with each modality alone during MCF VS resection. Overall, intraoperative ABR and CNAP were more specific than sensitive for postoperative hearing decline.
Ocular and Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients With Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Makowiec Kathryn F. , Piker Erin G. , Jacobson Gary P. , Ramadan Nabih M. , Roberts Richard A.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between normal and abnormal ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) in patients with and without vestibular migraine (VM).

Study Design:

Retrospective review of oVEMP and cVEMP results in patients with vestibular disorders who were assessed clinically and completed vestibular function studies. Data were extracted from a deidentified RedCap Repository.

Setting:

Tertiary care multispecialty medical center.

Patients:

Subjects were 212 consecutive adults meeting prespecified inclusion criteria who were evaluated in the Balance Disorders Clinic at Vanderbilt University Medical Center between 2011 and 2017. Patients with bilaterally absent VEMPs were excluded from the study.

Intervention(s):

None.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Proportions of subjects with or without VM in one of the following four test outcomes: normal cVEMP/normal oVEMP, abnormal cVEMP/abnormal oVEMP, abnormal cVEMP/normal oVEMP, and normal cVEMP/abnormal oVEMP.

Results:

There was a significant relationship between VM and cVEMP and oVEMP test outcomes.

Conclusion:

Patients with VM are more likely than subjects with vestibular disorders other than migraine to exhibit normal cVEMP responses in the presence of unilaterally abnormal oVEMP responses. Such a VEMP pattern may be a biomarker of VM and further supports a possible pathophysiologic relationship between the utriculo-ocular reflex and VM.
Dietary Interventions in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Yao Chu Kion , Fung James , Chu Natural Hoi Sing , Tan Victoria Ping Yi
Published: June 2018

Liver cirrhosis is associated with significant nutritional risks that often result in serious hepatic complications and poor survival rates. Diet is an important but underutilized aspect in the treatment modality of cirrhosis. Therefore, the aims of this review are to ascertain nutritional risks associated with its pathophysiology and to summarize existing evidence that support dietary recommendations for managing this patient population. Alterations in substrate utilization for energy production is a main feature of liver cirrhosis, resulting in increased catabolism of protein stores and a predisposition toward protein-energy malnutrition, even in the early stages of the disease. The body of evidence suggests that a high energy and protein (>1.2 g/kg body weight/d) diet consumed frequently and late in the evening is effective in improving nutritional status of these patients and has been associated with improved hospitalization and mortality rates. The use of branched-chain amino acid supplementation shows promise in reducing cirrhosis-related complications but are currently limited by adverse gastrointestinal symptoms and poor palatability. Furthermore exploration of dietary manipulation of branched-chain amino acid warrants further examination. Evidence is also accumulating that protein intake should not be restricted in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with earlier studies of protein restriction neglecting to account for the relative increase in fermentable fiber which would reduce the absorption of ammonia into the portal system in a way similar to supplementation with lactulose. Finally, a major finding of this review is the need to improve the quality and quantity of dietary intervention studies for patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly with the use of partial or whole dietary sources. In conclusion, dietary management of cirrhosis is not a one-size fits all approach but should be implemented earlier on in the treatment algorithm to improve the clinical prognosis of cirrhosis.
DGEN: A Test Statistic for Detection of General Introgression Scenarios
Authors: Leo Elworth Ryan A. , Allen Chabrielle , Benedict Travis , Dulworth Peter , Nakhleh Luay
Published: June 2018

When two species hybridize, one outcome is the integration of genetic material from one species into the genome of the other, a process known as introgression. Detecting introgression in genomic data is a very important question in evolutionary biology. However, given that hybridization occurs between closely related species, a compli-cating factor for introgression detection is the presence of incomplete lineage sorting, or ILS. TheD-statistic, famously referred to as the “ABBA-BABA” test, was pro-posed for introgression detection in the presence of ILS in data sets that consist of four genomes. More recently,DFOIL—a set of statistics—was introduced to extend theD-statistic to data sets of five genomes.

The major contribution of this paper is demonstrating that the invariants underly-ing both theD-statistic andDFOILcan be derived automatically from the probability mass functions of gene tree topologies under the null species tree model and alterna-tive phylogenetic network model. Computational requirements aside, this automatic derivation provides a way to generalize these statistics to data sets of any size and with any scenarios of introgression. We demonstrate the accuracy of the general statistic, which we callDGEN, on simulated data sets with varying rates of introgression, and apply it to an empirical data set of mosquito genomes.

We have implementedDGENand made it available, both as a graphical user interface tool and as a command-line tool, as part of the freely available, open-source software package ALPHA (https://github.com/chilleo/ALPHA).
Systematic assessment of the rehabilitation needs in early stage dementia for home-dwelling people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kristensen Fritze , Thuesen Jette , Håkonsen Sasja Jul
Published: June 2018

Review objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map assessment tools and procedures that are used by health and social care professionals in dementia care for the systematic assessment of the need for rehabilitation in primary and/or secondary healthcare settings for home-dwelling people diagnosed with early stage dementia based on recognized diagnostic criteria.
Possibilities of the Implementation of Foreign Experience of Value Policy in the Sphere of Interethnic Relations on Russian Conditions
Authors: VOLKOV Yuriy G. , DENISOVA Galina S. , LUBSKY Anatoly V. , DEGTYAREV Alexander K. , VOYTENKO Valeriya P.
Published: June 2018

Insufficient effectiveness of the administrative model of the national policy in Russian society implies a transition to new paradigmatic grounds for management practices in the field of interethnic relations, including taking into account the possibility of the implementation of foreign experience of value policy. The article reveals the difficulties, possibilities and prospects for the implementation of the experience of politics of values in the US and FRG in Russian conditions. It is concluded that value policy allows you to get rid of the administrative syndrome in Russian society, overcome the limitations of only the legal ʽmechanismsʽ for regulating inter-ethnic relations and move on to the communicative model of national politics.
Measuring opportunity: Redirecting education policy through research
Authors: Pfleger Ryan H. , Wilson Terri S. , Welner Kevin G. , Bibilos Charles
Published: June 2018

While scholars develop research with clear implications for policy and practice, this work has been largely ineffective in influencing thought beyond the academy. In this article, we explore challenges researchers face in designing public scholarship to influence policy. To illustrate, we profile one such effort, the “Opportunity to Learn Index,” a national project designed to compare opportunities to learn in all 50 states, and we detail challenges related to method, analysis and presentation. This type of effort, we conclude, asks researchers to embrace unique challenges and the inescapably political nature of the knowledge enterprise, especially when engaging with non-researcher audiences.
A rare case of left ventricular lead stabilization utilizing a coronary stent placement during CRT-D implantation
Authors: Agarwal Deepak , Makhija Aman , Mohanty Arun , Mantri Raja Ram
Published: June 2018

During
cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation, left ventricular lead placement
involves transvenous placement of leads via the coronary sinus and into a
tributary branch. At present, the most widely used
method for left ventricular (LV) lead placement involves a transvenous LV lead
placement via the coronary sinus into a tributary branch. Lead dislodgement
is a common cause for reoperation. We describe a case where a coronary stent
was placed to stabilize the lead against the vessel wall.
Preliminary steady and transient analysis for the CFETR helium cooled solid blanket system with RELAP
Authors: Wang S. , Shen Ch. , Ye M. , Chen H.
Published: June 2018

The helium cooled solid breeder (HCSB) blanket, which is one of the blanket candidates for Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), has been developed in University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). And the blanket cooling system (HCS) is also designed for HCSB. The steady-state results show that the blanket system has a good relevance to the design parameters. The transient analysis of possible accidents should proceed to evaluate its safety performance. The accident analysis in this paper adopts the ITER-like conditions and the ex-vessel loss of coolant accident (LOCA) case is investigated with RELAP5 code. The results show that the ex-vessel LOCA with detection couldn't cause serious consequence, however the ex-vessel LOCA without detection has potential to melt the blanket that we should take measures to avoid it.
The Impacts of Leadership Styles and Organisational Cultures on Public Innovations in the Emirates
Authors: Mohamed Alkindi Ahmed , Chandler John
Published: June 2018

The role of national and organisational culture in innovation and the implications for strategy remains a source of professional and academic interest. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how national culture and organisational culture influence the relationship between leadership style and innovation strategy. A quantitative approach is adopted for the research methodology utilising structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the hypotheses and explore the relationships between the observed variables. The findings reveal that leadership styles have distinct relationships with innovation strategies and point to a duality in terms of transformational and transactional leadership and innovation. The relationship between national culture dimensions provides support for the notion of a balanced approach to innovation management. National culture does not appear to be an entirely restraining factor in innovation. The findings indicate that cultural dimensions at national and organisational level overall exert a small moderating effect suggesting that the relationship between leadership style and innovation strategies is not wholly bound by national and organisational culture.
Competence and Employee Innovative Behaviour in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Tamunosiki-Amadi Jasmine Okponanabofa , Ogoun Bunatari
Published: June 2018

This study primarily examined the nature of relationship that exists between Competence a type of psychological empowerment and employee innovative behaviour. The study which was carried out in the telecommunication sector, operational in south-south region of Nigeria relied on the questionnaire as the primary instrument for generating data which was followed with observations. The study measured the innovative behaviour with measures like idea generation, idea development and idea implementation. Respondents were drawn from a sample size of 310 employees from the Telecommunication firms. The data generated were descriptively and inferentially analyzed. The descriptive analysis was done using means, standard deviations and percentages while the inferential analysis used the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (rho) and regression analysis. From the analysis carried out, it was found that Competency had a significant weak association with idea generation and idea development but a positive significant relationship with idea implementation. Hence competence enhances employees’ ideas generation, development and implementation of innovative behaviour.
The Impact of Commitment Time Sharing Companies by Applying the Standards of Corporate Governance in Creating Sustainable Employment Opportunities in Jordan
Authors: Malkawi Ahmad Fawaz
Published: June 2018

The study aimed to introduce governance and its associated concepts, and the reality of the application of the concept of governance in the time- sharing companies and their impact on the creation of permanent jobs, and defined the time sharing companies and the laws governing them, and addressed the process for these companies and the statement of practice for the concept of governance and its impact on the creation of permanent jobs. To achieve the objectives and testing of hypotheses a questionnaire was developed especially for the collection of data from a study sample, the number of questionnaires analyzed are (87), By using appropriate statistical tests, results of the study showed that A set of results showed a huge impact of commitment of time sharing companies which applies corporate governance in creating sustainable employment opportunities in Jordan in the four areas related to the study questions, there is a statistically significant difference between the cumulative rates of all sections which relates to the personal variables of the sample of respondents in the study population. The study has provided a set of recommendations which includes encouraging this investment sector by the concerned authorities because of its great contribution to the creation of permanent jobs and consolidate the values and principles of governance in this type of companies (time-sharing companies) because of its strong impact in the creation of permanent jobs.
The Influence of Blood Corpuscles on Clot Firmness: Thrombelastographic Observations
Authors: De Matteis Francesco , Vulpis Nicoletta
Published: June 2018

Red and white corpuscles cause a reduction in maximal amplitude values of thrombelastographic tracings. This is due to an inhibition of clot firmness. In this work the quantitative relation between maximal amplitude reduction and cell volume was proved experimentally. It was also investigated how blood cells cause the observed modifications in t.e.graphic tracings.
Athrombia Thrombocytopathica
Authors: Inceman Seref , Uçar Sami , Ulutin Orhan Nuri
Published: June 2018

The authors reported a primary congenital thrombocytopathy in a case of erythroblastosis foetalis born with a hemorrhagic diathesis. The case was followed from the day of birth through the 2nd year. The boy presented the picture of Willebrand-Jürgens type thrombopathy (primary thrombocytopathy) with some characteristics of this disease. The agglomeration and adhesivity of the platelets were defective. These were corrected in physiological salt solution and polyvinyl pyrolidon. Although the platelets contained the thromboplastic factor, it was not given into the media under normal conditions. The biochemical and morphological osmotic resistance revealed increased platelet resistance in hypotonic salt solutions. The increased resistance and the delay in the platelet disintegration were also observed in the study of the viscous metamorphosis by the phase contrast microscope. Consequently, in this case there was a platelet stability. The authors discussed the characteristics of this case and compared some of their findings with similar cases in the literature.
Disappearance of Factor V Activity after Incubation of Plasma with Heparin and Heparinoids
Authors: Holemans R , Vermylen C , Verstraete M
Published: June 2018

1. Heparin and heparinoids, added to oxalated or citrated plasma produce in this plasma an inactivation of factor V; this inactivation is progressive and directly related to the length of incubation.

The rate of inactivation of factor V is directly proportional to the quantity of anticoagulant added.

2. When quantities with identical anticoagulant activity in the thromboplastin-calcium clotting time are compared, heparin proves to have a stronger effect than heparinoids.

3. The inactvation of factor V in plasma by heparin or heparinoïds is an irreversible process, which cannot be nullified by addition of protamine sulphate.
“… all spirits, and are melted into air, into thin air”
Authors: Alexander Marc , Kay Christian
Published: June 2018

This article uses data from Mapping metaphor with the Historical thesaurus to describe conceptual connections between the supernatural and other areas of the lexicon across the history of English. By discussing the cases of angels and evil in some detail, we also argue that the data and worldview presented here about the spirit world challenge the conventional concrete/abstract division found in metaphor theory, and propose an alternative.
Conservatism and innovation in Anglo-Saxon scribal practice
Authors: Wallis Christine
Published: June 2018

The text of the Old English Bede found in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS. 41 (B) is remarkable for its extensively updated language, when compared with other, earlier Bede manuscripts. This paper compares B with other manuscripts of the Bede to uncover some of the scribal decisions which shape the surviving text. B’s text is subject to many alterations, indicating a translator scribe who frequently updated and altered the language of his exemplar (i.e. the manuscript from which he copied to produce the present text). However, the presence of a number of nonsensical readings points to a scribe who sometimes struggled to make sense of the text in front of him and whose abilities did not extend far enough to create a good reading in the face of these difficulties. These scribal decisions allow us to identify factors which influenced the shape of B’s text, such as the interplay between B’s now-lost exemplar and its scribes’ working methods. Careful analysis of some of B’s linguistic features enables us to draw conclusions about the age and status of its exemplar and to recover some part of a lost Bede manuscript.