bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River basin
Authors: McAfee Stephanie A. , McCabe Gregory J. , Gray Stephen T. , Pederson Gregory T.
Published: October 2018

Over the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB), temperatures in widely used gridded data products do not warm as much as mean temperatures from a stable set of U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) stations, located at generally lower elevations, in most months of the year. This is contrary to expectations of elevation‐dependent warming, which suggests that warming increases with elevation. These findings could reflect (a) a genuine absence of elevation‐dependent warming in the region, (b) systematic non‐climatic influences on either the USHCN stations or high‐elevation stations, including known inhomogeneities related to changes in the time of observation and instrumentation, or (c) suppression of an elevation‐dependent warming signal introduced by changes in the station network. While we cannot categorically dismiss the first two possibilities, we show here that over portions of the 20th century, gridded temperatures warm less than USHCN temperatures, and the difference cannot be explained by accounting for known inhomogeneities. These analyses suggest that changing station coverage in the UCRB has influenced trends in gridded temperature estimates that incorporate changing suites of stations over time. Specifically, increases in the number of high‐elevation stations in the UCRB may have led to an underestimation of elevation‐dependent warming, particularly during the spring. This phenomenon is unlikely limited to this specific basin and may be present in other high‐elevation watersheds across the western United States
Plasmon‐enhanced inelastic scattering by 2D and 3D superlattices made of silver nanocrystals
Authors: Courty Alexa , Bayle Maxime , Carles Robert
Published: October 2018

The lattice dynamics of natural crystals, artificial superlattices, or self‐organized nanocrystals intimately mix confinement, coupling, periodicity, and dissipative effects. The low wavenumber vibrational response of the new class of nanomaterials called “supercrystals” does contain relevant information concerning finite size effects on atomic movements inside each nanocrystal, mechanical coupling between adjacent nanocrystals, coherent behavior of the total assembly due to its superperiodicity, and finally finite‐time effects due to damping. All these aspects concerning the dynamical behavior of silver supercrystals has been analyzed using plasmon resonance Raman scattering. Owing to the highly uniform size and chemical environment of the nanocrystals, the confinement and homogeneous damping of their fundamental vibrations are carefully analyzed. The signature of their internal atomic arrangements, as a reminiscence of bulk phonons, is also explored. It is shown that for low particles diameter (≲5 nm), deviations from the continuum elastic approximation occur and that the vibrational response is more sensitive to atomic arrangements and surface effects inside the nanocrystals than to spatial coherence effects between them.
When Nowhere Is Safe: Interpersonal Trauma and Attachment Adversity as Antecedents of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Developmental Trauma Disorder
Authors: Spinazzola Joseph , van der Kolk Bessel , Ford Julian D.
Published: October 2018

Developmental trauma disorder (DTD) has been proposed as clinical framework for the sequelae of complex trauma exposure in children. In this study, we investigated whether DTD is associated with different traumatic antecedents than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a multisite sample of 236 children referred from pediatric or mental health treatment, DTD was assessed using the DTD Structured Interview. Trauma history was assessed using the Traumatic Events Screening Instrument (TESI). On an unadjusted basis, both DTD, odds ratios (ORs) = 2.0–3.8, 95% CI [1.17, 7.19]; and PTSD, ORs = 1.8–3.0, 95% CI [1.04, 6.27], were associated with past physical assault and/or abuse, family violence, emotional abuse, neglect, and impaired caregivers; and DTD was associated community violence, OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.35, 5.43]. On a multivariate basis after controlling for the effects of PTSD, DTD was associated with family and community violence and impaired caregivers, ORs = 2.0–2.5, 95% CI [1.09, 5.97], whereas PTSD was only associated with physical assault and/or abuse after controlling for the effects of DTD, OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.07, 4.99]. Exposure to both interpersonal trauma and attachment adversity was associated with the highest DTD symptom count, controlling for the PTSD symptom count. Although childhood PTSD and DTD share several traumatic antecedents, DTD may be uniquely associated with pervasive exposure to violent environments and impaired caregiving. Therefore, DTD warrants further investigation as a framework for the assessment and treatment of children with histories of interpersonal victimization and attachment adversity.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Temperament, and the Pathway to Cellular Senescence
Authors: Connolly Samantha L. , Stoop Tawni B. , Logue Mark W. , Orr Esther Hana , De Vivo Immaculata , Miller Mark W. , Wolf Erika J.
Published: October 2018

Traumatic stress is thought to be associated with shortened telomere length (TL) in leukocytes, an age‐related marker of increased risk for cellular senescence, although findings thus far have been mixed. We assessed associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, temperament, and TL in a sample of 453 White, non‐Hispanic, middle‐aged, trauma‐exposed male and female veterans and civilians. Given that prior research has suggested an association between PTSD and accelerated cellular age, we also examined associations between TL and an index of accelerated cellular age derived from DNA methylation data (DNAm age). Analyses revealed that, controlling for chronological age, PTSD was not directly associated with TL but rather this association was moderated by age, β = −.14, p = .003, ΔR2 = .02. Specifically, PTSD severity evidenced a stronger negative association with TL among relatively older participants (≥ 55 years of age). In a subset of veterans with data pertaining to temperament (n = 150), positive emotionality, and, specifically, a drive toward achievement, β = .26, p = .002, ΔR2 = .06, were positively associated with TL. There was no evidence of an association between age‐adjusted TL and accelerated DNAm age. Collectively, these results indicate that older adults may be more vulnerable to the negative health effects of PTSD but that traits such as achievement, resilience, and psychological hardiness may be protective. These findings underscore the importance of identifying reliable biomarkers of cellular aging and senescence and of determining the biological mechanisms that contribute to stress‐related disease and decline.
Predictors of Outcome and Residual Symptoms Following Trauma‐Focused Psychotherapy in Police Officers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Smid Geert E. , van der Meer Christianne A. I. , Olff Miranda , Nijdam Mirjam J.
Published: October 2018

Police officers exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTE) are at a heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Little is known about trauma‐focused psychotherapy outcomes in the police. In this naturalistic study, we evaluated whether PTE exposure and baseline clinical characteristics predicted PTSD symptom reduction during treatment and residual PTSD symptoms posttreatment. In consecutive referrals to a specialized mental health service for police officers (N = 665), PTSD was measured pre‐ and posttreatment using structured clinical interviews. Treatment consisted of brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD. We grouped PTE as follows: injury/maltreatment, loss (colleague or private), other job‐related, other private traumatic events. Data were analyzed multivariably using structural equation modeling and logistic regression. Treatment effect size was large, d = 3.6, 95% CI [3.4, 3.8]. Police officers who reported more injury/maltreatment or private traumatic had more baseline PTSD symptoms as well as larger symptom reduction during treatment; police officers who reported more losses of loved ones showed smaller PTSD symptom reduction. Concentration problems persisted in 17.7% of police officers posttreatment, and these were predicted by baseline PTSD symptoms and loss of loved ones. Proportions of variance explained by the multivariable models ranged from 0.08 to 0.14. Our findings increase insight into the type of PTE and clinical characteristics of police officers with PTSD who benefit most from trauma‐focused treatment. Because loss of loved ones can be presumed to have a profound impact on social and interpersonal functioning, a more specific treatment focus on grief processes may further enhance efficacy.
The Preliminary Development and Validation of a Trauma‐Related Safety‐Seeking Behavior Measure for Youth: The Child Safety Behavior Scale (CSBS)
Authors: Alberici Alice , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Claxton Jade , Smith Patrick , Ehlers Anke , Dixon Clare , Mckinnon Anna
Published: October 2018

Safety‐seeking behaviors (SSBs) may be employed after exposure to a traumatic event in an effort to prevent a feared outcome. Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder propose SSBs contribute to maintaining this disorder by preventing disconfirmation of maladaptive beliefs and preserving a sense of current threat. Recent research has found that SSBs impact children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and recovery. In this paper, we sought to develop and validate a novel 22‐item Child Safety Behavior Scale (CSBS) in a school‐based sample of 391 pupils (age 12–15 years) who completed a battery of questionnaires as well as 68 youths (age 8–17 years) who were recently exposed to a trauma. Of the sample, 93.1% (N = 426) completed the new questionnaire. The sample was split (n = 213), and we utilized principal components analysis alongside parallel analysis, which revealed that 13 items loaded well onto a two‐factor structure. This structure was superior to a one‐factor model and overall demonstrated a moderately good model of fit across indices, based upon a confirmatory factory analysis with the other half of the sample. The CSBS showed excellent internal consistency, r = .90; good test–retest reliability, r = .64; and good discriminant validity and specificity. In a multiple linear regression, SSBs, negative appraisals, and number of trauma types each accounted for unique variance in a model of PTSS. This study provides initial support for the use of the CSBS in trauma‐exposed youth as a valuable tool for further research, clinical assessment, and targeted intervention.
Shrub encroachment is not always land degradation: Insights from ground‐dwelling beetle species niches along a shrub cover gradient in a semi‐arid Namibian savanna
Authors: Hering Robert , Hauptfleisch Morgan , Geißler Katja , Marquart Arnim , Schoenen Maria , Blaum Niels
Published: October 2018

Shrub encroachment in semi‐arid savannas is induced by interacting effects of climate, fire suppression, and unsustainable livestock farming; it carries a severe risk of land degradation and strongly influences natural communities that provide key ecosystem functions. However, species‐specific effects of shrub cover on many animal groups that act as indicators of degradation remain largely unknown. We analysed the consequences of shrub encroachment for ground‐dwelling beetles in a semi‐arid Namibian savanna rangeland, where beetles and vegetation were recorded along a shrub cover gradient (<1% to >30%). Focusing on species niche breadths and optima, we identified two crucial shrub cover thresholds (2.9% and 10.0%), corresponding to major changes in the beetle communities with implications for savanna ecosystem functioning.

Niche optima of most species were between the first and second thresholds; beyond the second threshold, saprophagous, coprophagous, and rare predatory beetles declined in numbers and diversity. This is problematic because beetles provide important ecosystem functions, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, we also found that certain species were adapted to high shrub cover, thus providing examples of niche differentiation. Despite the predominantly negative effects of heavy shrub encroachment on beetle communities, shrubs in their early life stages apparently provide essential structures, which enhance habitat quality for ground‐dwelling beetles.

Our results demonstrate that shrub encroachment can have mixed effects on ground‐dwelling beetle communities and hence on savanna ecosystem functioning. We, therefore, conclude that rangeland management and restoration should consider the complex trade‐offs between species‐specific effects and the level of encroachment for sustainable land use.
Andic soils and flow‐like landslides: Cause–effect evidence from Italy
Authors: Scognamiglio Solange , Basile Angelo , Calcaterra Domenico , Iamarino Michela , Langella Giuliano , Moretti Pierpaolo , Vingiani Simona , Terribile Fabio
Published: October 2018

Flow‐like landslides are extremely hazardous phenomena that cause fatalities and damage to natural environments, such as loss of fertile soil cover and vegetation and damage to infrastructure. In the Campania region (southern Italy), previous studies have proved that the most catastrophic flow‐like mass movements involve and evolve within a specific soil type: Andosols. Recent findings show that both Andosols and andic soils are widely diffused in the mountain ecosystems of Italy. In this framework, we aim to evaluate whether catastrophic flow‐like landslides, historically recorded in Italy, took place where these soils are settled. Soils collected in 12 flow‐like landslides that occurred in Italy in the last 70 years were investigated. Chemical, physical and hydrological properties of soil samples collected from the detachment areas under different environmental and geological settings were analysed. Soils showed evidences of the andosolization process that enabled their identification as andic soils. Topsoils were well developed, demonstrating low soil erosion in spite of the high‐to‐moderate slope steepness and the anthropic stress due to land management. High water‐retention capacity, marked chemical and physical fertility, high organic carbon content and prevalent loamy texture are common properties of all the studied soils. Therefore, despite the lithological heterogeneity of the bedrock and other environmental factors, the 12 soils revealed considerably homogeneous properties. Our study suggests a direct relationship between flow‐like mass movements and andic soils in the studied environments. These findings shed new light on the pedological similarity of the materials involved in flow‐like landslides in Italy.
Ultra‐Efficient and Broadband Nonlinear AlGaAs‐on‐Insulator Chip for Low‐Power Optical Signal Processing
Authors: Pu Minhao , Hu Hao , Ottaviano Luisa , Semenova Elizaveta , Vukovic Dragana , Oxenløwe Leif Katsuo , Yvind Kresten
Published: October 2018

Four‐wave mixing (FWM) is a versatile optical nonlinear parametric process that enables a plethora of signal processing functionalities in optical communication. Realization of efficient and broadband all‐optical signal processing with ultra‐low energy consumption has been elusive for decades. Although tremendous efforts have been put into developing various material platforms, it has remained a challenge to obtain both high efficiency and broadband operation. Here, an aluminum gallium arsenide nonlinear chip with high FWM conversion efficiency per length per pump power and an ultra‐broad bandwidth is presented. Combining an ultra‐high material nonlinearity and strong effective nonlinear enhancement from a high‐index‐contrast waveguide layout, an ultra‐high conversion efficiency of −4 dB is obtained in a 3‐mm‐long nano‐waveguide. Taking advantage of high‐order dispersion, a scheme is presented to realize an ultra‐broad continuous conversion bandwidth covering 1280–2020 nm. A microresonator is also utilized to demonstrate a conversion efficiency enhancement gain of more than 50 dB with respect to a waveguide device, which significantly reduces the power consumption. Moreover, wavelength conversion of an optical serial data signal is performed at a bit rate beyond terabit‐per‐second, showing the capabilities of this III‐V semiconductor material for broadband optical signal processing.
Filament Materials Screening for FDM 3D Printing by Means of Injection‐Molded Short Rods
Authors: Jin Minde , Giesa Reiner , Neuber Christian , Schmidt Hans‐Werner
Published: October 2018

A miniature small‐scale material processing and testing approach is developed as a screening method to evaluate polymer materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM). This method is suitable for a small material input of less than 10 g using a mini compounder in combination with an injection molding machine to manufacture short rods usable as FDM feedstock material. Compared with conventional continuous filament extrusion, where the amount of raw material required is around 1–5 kg, time and material consumption are both significantly reduced for the investigation of FDM filament materials or formulations. In order to demonstrate this method, three different polypropylene grades are processed into rods and compared to commercially available continuous filaments. In addition to warp deformation, interlayer bonding properties are also measured on test specimens punched out of FDM‐printed square tubes. The presented rod preparation and square tube printing offer fast and efficient material screening and optimization for new FDM material development.
Bochner‐Martinelli formula in superspace
Authors: Reyes Juan Bory , Guzmán Adán Alí , Sommen Frank
Published: October 2018

In a series of recent papers, a harmonic and hypercomplex function theory in superspace has been established and amply developed. In this paper, we address the problem of establishing Cauchy integral formulae in the framework of Hermitian Clifford analysis in superspace. This allows us to obtain a successful extension of the classical Bochner‐Martinelli formula to superspace by means of the corresponding projections on the space of spinor‐valued superfunctions.
Wavelets and local Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with the Lorentz index
Authors: Yang Qixiang , Wang Hua
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we apply wavelets to consider local norm function spaces with the Lorentz index. Triebel–Lizorkin–Lorentz spaces are based on the real interpolation of the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. Triebel–Lizorkin–Morrey spaces are based on local norm of the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. We give a unified depict of spaces that include these two kinds of spaces. Each index of the five index spaces represents a property of functions. We prove the wavelet characterization of the Triebel–Lizorkin–Lorentz–Morrey spaces and use such characterization to study some basic properties of these spaces.
Three‐layered circular patch antennas array with UC‐PBG for wider bandwidth and surface wave propagation mode attenuation at X‐band
Authors: Jiménez‐Guzmán Gabriel Ángel , Tirado‐Méndez José Alfredo , Jardón‐Aguilar Hildeberto
Published: October 2018

In this work, a three‐layered antenna array complemented with Uniplanar Compact Photonic‐Bandgap (UP‐PBG) structure is presented, for applications in the X‐band. The proposed array consists of circular patch radiator operating at 10 GHz, where the element is surrounded by UC‐PBG unit cells in order to improve the performance of the antenna. By combining the radiator and the UC‐PBG cells, the directivity, gain and polarization are kept, while the parasitic lobes are reduced 50% their magnitude. The bandwidth augments 44% compared to a conventional array, and a diminution of the surface propagation mode is obtained, increasing the radiation efficiency.
A meta‐heuristic Bayesian network classification for intrusion detection
Authors: Prasath Mahesh Kumar , Perumal Balasubramani
Published: October 2018

Software‐defined networking (SDN) is an innovative network paradigm much in demand today in academics and industry. In this network, the SDN controller must be able to observe and examine traffic flow through the network systems. However, intrusion‐based data packets affect the whole system is a major drawback. To overcome this issue, we propose a Novel Agent Program (NAP) framework for preventing switches from the external compromised attacks. A Meta‐Heuristic Bayesian Network Classification (MHBNC) algorithm for intrusion detection is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm follows certain procedures for preprocessing, feature selection, feature optimization, and classification. Normal and anomaly‐based data packets are classified successfully with its improved detection capabilities based on the optimization technique. The simulation results of the proposed ID_MBC (intrusion detection based on meta‐heuristic Bayesian classifier) technique is compared with existing techniques such as the association rule, PSO+GA, and the GA+RVM. The proposed MHBNC classifier performs better than existing methods.
A framework for understanding how nonprofits shape our physical environment: Identifying allies in making spaces
Authors: Velez Anne‐Lise K. , McCartha Emily B.
Published: October 2018

Research exists on the role of nonprofits directly shaping open spaces and preserving elements of the built environment, but the larger landscape of nonprofits that directly and indirectly shape the larger physical environment is less well understood. Although legislation exists to help protect and preserve natural spaces, nonprofits play a crucial role in carrying out work to protect and shape the natural and built components of the physical environment. Furthermore, nonprofit work that shapes public spaces is, by default, an attempt to reshape social environments and values through interventions in the physical environment. This is particularly important as the relationship between the physical environment and societal outcomes related to public health, human behavior, and sustainability is clear. Using past research by the authors, a review of related literature, and a localized case study, we refine a theoretical framework to better describe and understand the breadth of nonprofits that are shaping the physical environment. In doing so, we create a tool to help nonprofit managers identify and better engage allied stakeholders.
Mean square stabilization of discrete‐time switching Markov jump linear systems
Authors: Qu Haibo , Hu Jialei , Song Yang , Yang Taicheng
Published: October 2018

This paper considers a special class of hybrid system called switching Markov jump linear system. The system transition is governed by two rules. One is Markov chain and the other is a deterministic rule. Furthermore, the transition probability of the Markov chain is not only piecewise but also orchestrated by a deterministic switching rule. In this paper, the mean square stability of the systems is studied when the deterministic switching is subject to two different dwell time conditions, ie, having a lower bound and having both lower and high bounds. The main contributions of this paper are two relevant stability theorems for the systems under study. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities of a new lignocellulosic material carrying aryl triazole moiety
Authors: Khaldi Zineb , Besse Claire , Nzambe Ta Keki Jean Kerim , Ouk Tan‐Sothéa , Gloaguen Vincent , Zerrouki Rachida
Published: October 2018

Contamination of surfaces by bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains are very worrying issues. One of ways to limit the bacterial proliferation is to develop antimicrobial materials. We reported herein the development of new antimicrobial support by grafting different aryl azide onto propargylated Kraft Pulp, using the copper (I)–catalyzed alkyne‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, forming 1,2,3‐triazole aryl. These novel materials have been investigated for their antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The developed materials acquire its antimicrobial potential only after grafting via triazole link. Depending on the substituent of the grafted aryl, the elaborated materials showed a bacteriostatic or even bactericidal activity.
Nanophase morphology and crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) blends
Authors: Seraji Seyed Mohsen , Gui Haoguan , Zhang Jin , Guo Qipeng
Published: October 2018

A polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMS‐b‐PMMA) diblock copolymer was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization method and blended with a high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). In this A‐b‐B/C type of diblock copolymer/homopolymer system, semi‐crystallizable PVDF (C) and PMMA (B) block are miscible due to favorable intermolecular interactions. However, the A block (PDMS) is immiscible with PVDF and therefore generates nanostructured morphology via self‐assembly. Crystallization study reveals that both α and γ crystalline phases of PVDF are present in the blends with up to 30 wt% of PDMS‐b‐PMMA block copolymer. Adding 10 wt% of PVDF to PDMS‐b‐PMMA diblock copolymer leads to worm‐like micelle morphology of PDMS of 10 nm in diameter and tens of nanometers in length. Moreover, morphological results show that PDMS nanostructures are localized in the inter‐fibrillar region of PVDF with the addition of up to 20 wt% of the block copolymer. Increase of PVDF long period by 45% and decrease of degree of crystallization by 34% confirm the localization of PDMS in the PVDF inter‐fibrillar region. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerical study of surface agglomeration of ultraviolet‐polymeric ink and its control during 3D nano‐inkjet printing process
Authors: Aphinyan Suphanat , Ang Elisa Y. M. , Yeo Jingjie , Ng Teng Yong , Geethalakshmi K. R.
Published: October 2018

There is a pressing need in very small scale three‐dimensional (3D) inkjet printing to control and reduce agglomeration, as agglomeration often leads to nozzle clogging. While agglomeration within ultraviolet ink has been studied, there has been, to our knowledge, no extensive studies conducted for surface agglomeration of the ink on nozzle's wall. This numerical study therefore focuses on investigating if surfactants can effectively control surface agglomeration during nanodroplet formation. Many‐body dissipative particle dynamics is the numerical method of choice here. We found that small amount of surfactant of about 1 wt % is sufficient to effectively reduce ink deposition on the nozzle's wall. However, by using the properties of a commercially available surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, it was found that the maximum reduction achieved by its addition is only 60%. Thus, further physical or chemical deagglomeration techniques are required, and we show that by considering these other techniques, reduction of surface agglomeration to nearly 92% can be achieved. Finally, we found that adding surfactants has the additional benefit of improving total kinetic energy of the ink compositions, lowering possibility of agglomerations within the ink. It also raises the nanodroplet velocity while reducing nanodroplet breakup time, which can help speed up the process of 3D printing process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1615–1624
Benralizumab for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Chapin Steve
Published: October 2018

Benralizumab (Fasenra) is a new anti‐interleukin‐5 monoclonal antibody therapy for the management of severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. This article discusses its properties, clinical trial efficacy and adverse effects.
Optimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and localization in terrestrial environments
Authors: Piña‐Covarrubias Evelyn , Hill Andrew P. , Prince Peter , Snaddon Jake L. , Rogers Alex , Doncaster C. Patrick
Published: October 2018

The rapid evolution in miniaturization, power efficiency and affordability of acoustic sensors, combined with new innovations in smart capability, are vastly expanding opportunities in ground‐level monitoring for wildlife conservation at a regional scale using massive sensor grids. Optimal placement of environmental sensors and probabilistic localization of sources have previously been considered only in theory, and not tested for terrestrial acoustic sensors. Conservation applications conventionally model detection as a function of distance. We developed probabilistic algorithms for near‐optimal placement of sensors, and for localization of the sound source as a function of spatial variation in sound pressure. We employed a principled‐GIS tool for mapping soundscapes to test the methods on a tropical‐forest case study using gunshot sensors. On hilly terrain, near‐optimal placement halved the required number of sensors compared to a square grid. A test deployment of acoustic devices matched the predicted success in detecting gunshots, and traced them to their local area. The methods are applicable to a broad range of target sounds. They require only an empirical estimate of sound‐detection probability in response to noise level, and a soundscape simulated from a topographic habitat map. These methods allow conservation biologists to plan cost‐effective deployments for measuring target sounds, and to evaluate the impacts of sub‐optimal sensor placements imposed by access or cost constraints, or multipurpose uses.
Implement low‐cost strategies to retain employees facing shrinking salaries
Authors: Tolman Steven
Published: October 2018

In a utopian world, the decision of which job to take (or how long to stay in it) would be motivated by purely intrinsic reasons. However, this unfortunately isn't the reality. In fact, for many in student affairs, the financial compensation serves as the primary driver in career choices. Although student affairs professionals certainly don't choose this field purely for the money (as they would clearly be better off in other professions if their main goal is a high income), the bottom line is that they do need to be able to provide for themselves and their families.
Increase student persistence with earlier alerts
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2018

DALLAS — Early alert programs help identify struggling students before problems become a crisis. But a student intake survey helps Northeast Wisconsin Technical College connect students to resources that can help them succeed and persist — before they even start classes.
Did ‘qualified immunity' shield officials from retaliation claim?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: October 2018

A Virginia Western Community College student wrote a letter in August 2014 to the board of trustees complaining about the quality of education in the nursing program.
Skyrmions around Kerr black holes and spinning BHs with Skyrme hair
Authors: Herdeiro C. , Perapechka I. , Radu E. , Shnir Ya.
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study solutions of the Einstein-Skyrme model. Firstly we consider test field Skyrmions on the Kerr background. These configurations — hereafter dubbed Skerrmions — can be in equilibrium with a Kerr black hole (BH) by virtue of a synchronisation condition. We consider two sectors for Skerrmions. In the sector with non-zero baryon charge, Skerrmions are akin to the known Skyrme solutions on the Schwarzschild background. These “topological” configurations reduce to flat spacetime Skyrmions in a vanishing BH mass limit; moreoever, they never become “small” perturbations on the Kerr background: the non-linearities of the Skyrme model are crucial for all such Skerrmions. In the non-topological sector, on the other hand, Skerrmions have no analogue on the Schwarzschild background. Non-topological Skerrmions carry not baryon charge and bifurcate from a subset of Kerr solutions defining an existence line. Therein the appropriate truncation of the Skyrme model yield a linear scalar field theory containing a complex plus a real field, both massive and decoupled, and the Skerrmions reduce to the known stationary scalar clouds around Kerr BHs. Moreover, non-topological Skerrmions trivialise in the vanishing BH mass limit. We then discuss the backreaction of these Skerrmions, that yield rotating BHs with synchronised Skyrme hair, which continously connect to the Kerr solution (self-gravitating Skyrmions) in the non-topological (topological) sector. In particular, the non-topological hairy BHs provide a non-linear realisation, within the Skyrme model, of the synchronous stationary scalar clouds around Kerr.
Adaptations to Concurrent Training in Combination with High Protein Availability: A Comparative Trial in Healthy, Recreationally Active Men
Authors: Shamim Baubak , Devlin Brooke L. , Timmins Ryan G. , Tofari Paul , Lee Dow Connor , Coffey Vernon G. , Hawley John A. , Camera Donny M.
Published: October 2018

Background

We implemented a high-protein diet (2 g·kg−1·d−1) throughout 12 weeks of concurrent exercise training to determine whether interferences to adaptation in muscle hypertrophy, strength and power could be attenuated compared to resistance training alone.

Methods

Thirty-two recreationally active males (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg·m−2; mean ± SD) performed 12 weeks of either isolated resistance (RES; n = 10) or endurance (END; n = 10) training (three sessions·w−1), or concurrent resistance and endurance (CET; n = 12) training (six sessions·w−1). Maximal strength (1RM), body composition and power were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

Results

Leg press 1RM increased ~ 24 ± 13% and ~ 33 ± 16% in CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Total lean mass increased ~ 4% in both CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001). Ultrasound estimated vastus lateralis volume increased ~ 15% in CET and ~ 11% in RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Wingate peak power relative to body mass displayed a trend (P = 0.053) to be greater in RES (12.5 ± 1.6 W·kg BM−1) than both CET (10.8 ± 1.7 W·kg BM−1) and END (10.9 ± 1.8 W·kg BM−1) at POST. Absolute VO2peak increased 6.9% in CET and 12% in END from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups.

Conclusion

Despite high protein availability, select measures of anaerobic power-based adaptations, but not muscle strength or hypertrophy, appear susceptible to ‘interference effects’ with CET and should be closely monitored throughout training macro-cycles.

Trials Registry: This trial was registered with the Australian-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001229369).
First case reports of bloodstream infection by Candida magnoliae in two neonates with low birth weight
Authors: Romero Fernando Javier Hernandez , Montenegro Daniela Andrade Moutinho , Carvalho Tereza Cristina Paim Xavier , Pena Gabriela Barreto , Pessoa Rosana Maria Pellegrini
Published: October 2018

Invasive candidiasis is a serious neonatal sepsis with high morbidity and mortality despite the correct treatment. Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the most common pathogens causing these events; however, a new emergent pathogen has evolved with time. Herein, we describe two cases of Candida magnoliae infection in neonates with a fatal outcome. This microorganism is commonly used in the food industry given its high capacity to produce erythritol and mannitol. This report is important to gain more information about this pathogen and manage it in a more effective way.
Faraday waves on a cylindrical fluid filament – generalised equation and simulations
Authors: Patankar Sagar , Farsoiya Palas Kumar , Dasgupta Ratul
Published: October 2018

We perform linear stability analysis of an interface separating two immiscible, inviscid, quiescent fluids subject to a time-periodic body force. In a generalised, orthogonal coordinate system, the time-dependent amplitude of interfacial perturbations, in the form of standing waves, is shown to be governed by a generalised Mathieu equation. For zero forcing, the Mathieu equation reduces to a (generalised) simple harmonic oscillator equation. The generalised Mathieu equation is shown to govern Faraday waves on four time-periodic base states. We use this equation to demonstrate that Faraday waves and instabilities can arise on an axially unbounded, cylindrical capillary fluid filament subject to radial, time-periodic body force. The stability chart for solutions to the Mathieu equation is obtained through numerical Floquet analysis. For small values of perturbation and forcing amplitude, results obtained from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the incompressible Euler equation (with surface tension) show very good agreement with theoretical predictions. Linear theory predicts that unstable Rayleigh–Plateau modes can be stabilised through forcing. This prediction is borne out by DNS results at early times. Nonlinearity produces higher wavenumbers, some of which can be linearly unstable due to forcing and thus eventually destabilise the filament. We study axisymmetric as well as three-dimensional perturbations through DNS. For large forcing amplitude, localised sheet-like structures emanate from the filament, suffering subsequent fragmentation and breakup. Systematic parametric studies are conducted in a non-dimensional space of five parameters and comparison with linear theory is provided in each case. Our generalised analysis provides a framework for understanding free and (parametrically) forced capillary oscillations on quiescent base states of varying geometrical configurations.
On the impulse response and global instability development of the infinite rotating-disc boundary layer
Authors: Thomas Christian , Davies Christopher
Published: October 2018

Linear disturbance development in the von Kármán boundary layer on an infinite rotating-disc is investigated for an extensive range of azimuthal mode numbers$n$. The study expands upon earlier investigations that were limited to those values of$n$located near the onset of absolute instability (Lingwood,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 299, 1995, pp. 17–33), where disturbances to the genuine inhomogeneous flow were shown to be globally stable (Davies & Carpenter,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 486, 2003, pp. 287–329). Numerical simulations corresponding to azimuthal mode numbers greater than the conditions for critical absolute instability display a form of global linear instability that is characterised by a faster than exponential temporal growth, similar in appearance to that found on the rotating-disc with mass suction (Thomas & Davies,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 724, 2010, pp. 510–526) and other globally unstable flows (Huerre & Monkewitz,Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 22, 1990, pp. 473–537). Solutions indicate that a change in the global behaviour arises for $n\in [80:100]$that is marginally greater than those disturbances studied previously. Furthermore, the Reynolds number associated with the larger azimuthal mode numbers coincides with the upper bound of experimental predictions for transition. Thus, the local–global linear stability of the infinite rotating-disc is similar to the scenario outlined by Huerre & Monkewitz (1990) that states a region of local absolute instability is necessary but not sufficient for global instability to ensue. Conditions are derived to predict the azimuthal mode number needed to bring about a change in global behaviour, based on solutions of the linearised complex Ginzburg–Landau equation coupled with numerical simulations of disturbances to the radially homogeneous flow. The long term response is governed by a detuning effect, based on radial variations of the temporal frequency and matching shifts in temporal growth that increases for larger$n$, eventually attaining values sufficient to engineer global linear instability. The analysis is extended to include mass transfer through the disc surface, with similar conclusions drawn for disturbances to large enough azimuthal mode numbers. Finally, we conclude that the high$n$modes are unlikely to have a strong influence on disturbance development and transition in the von Kármán flow, as they will be unable to establish themselves across an extended radial range before nonlinear effects are triggered by the huge growth associated with the wavepacket maxima of the lower$n$-valued convective instabilities.
Is It Who You Know or What You Know? Evidence from IPO Allocations and Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: Hwang Chuan-Yang , Titman Sheridan , Wang Yuxi
Published: October 2018

Mutual fund managers with degrees from elite universities tend to outperform their counterparts from less elite universities. We show that the better performance of elite graduates is generated from their better connections with underwriters that facilitate allocations to underpriced initial public offerings (IPOs). Indeed, we find that the funds outperformonlyin months when they are connected to underwriters issuing IPOs. A strategy of buying mutual funds in months when they are connected to underwriters scheduled to issue IPOs generates significant abnormal returns, as high as 4.08% per annum in hot markets.
The Term Structure of Expected Recovery Rates
Authors: Doshi Hitesh , Elkamhi Redouane , Ornthanalai Chayawat
Published: October 2018

There is widespread agreement that corporate debts’ recovery rates are time varying, but empirical work in this area is limited. We show that the joint information from the term structure of senior and subordinate credit default swaps can identify the level and the dynamics of recovery rates. We estimate a reduced-form no-arbitrage model on 46 firms across different industries. We find that the term structure of expected recovery rates is, on average, downward sloping. However, an inversion occurs during the 2008 crisis, suggesting the market expects higher recoveries conditional on short-term survival. The inversion is more pronounced for firms in distressed industries.
Le salut en perspective: Un essai d'interprétation de la Flagellation du Christ de Piero della Francesca
Authors: Mercier Franck
Published: October 2018

Chef-d’œuvre absolu de la perspective linéaire, véritable icône de la Renaissance, la Flagellation du Christ de Piero della Francesca (conservé à la Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, à Urbino) constitue l'une des grandes énigmes picturales du Quattrocento italien. L'incertitude ne porte pas seulement sur la datation ou sur la destination primitive du tableau, mais encore et surtout sur le sujet représenté. En dépit de longues discussions sur la signification globale de l'image, en particulier à propos de l'identification des trois figures situées à l'avant-plan, la Flagellation reste un profond mystère. Dans le prolongement d'une riche et abondante tradition herméneutique, cet article propose une nouvelle interprétation de cette célèbre peinture qui s’écarte d'une lecture politique (fondée sur ses liens supposés avec l'Empire byzantin) ainsi que de la vision traditionnelle affirmant la banalité de son iconographie. L'analyse de la géométrie de l'espace pictural et de sa signification théologique potentielle conduit à reconsidérer le tableau comme une méditation visuelle sur la temporalité inspirée par saint Augustin, en même temps qu'un exercice spirituel singulier.
Un atelier italien à la cour d'Avignon: Matteo Giovannetti, peintre du pape Clément VI (1342-1352)
Authors: Anheim Étienne
Published: October 2018

Le peintre Matteo Giovannetti, originaire de Viterbe, s'installe à la cour des papes d'Avignon au début des années 1340. Durant le règne du pape Clément VI (1342-1352), il parvient à organiser autour de lui un atelier curial d'une dimension inédite, dont les archives administratives pontificales ont conservé de nombreuses traces. Cette documentation exceptionnelle permet de reconstituer les phases de développement administratif, financier, matériel et technique de cet atelier, qui correspondent à l'affirmation progressive de la position artistique de Matteo. Ce dernier s'appuie non seulement sur la maîtrise de la nouvelle culture visuelle italienne, mais aussi sur des innovations techniques dans la production de la fresque et des pratiques d'organisation du chantier et d’écriture comptable. L’étude de l'atelier de Matteo éclaire ainsi la figure de l'artiste à la fois artisan, courtisan et entrepreneur, mais aussi la dimension collective et matérielle du travail créateur dans l'Europe du xive siècle.
La musique en prison: La campagne pour la libération de Miguel Angel Estrella, 1977-1980
Authors: Buch Esteban , Fléchet Anaïs
Published: October 2018

En décembre 1977, le pianiste argentin Miguel Angel Estrella est arrêté à Montevideo dans le cadre de l'opération Cóndor. Accusé d'appartenir à la guérilla péroniste Montoneros, il est torturé et maintenu au secret avant d’être transféré dans la prison de Libertad où sont rassemblés tous les prisonniers politiques de l'Uruguay. Au terme d'une intense campagne de solidarité internationale – lancée par ses amis parisiens et menée par des personnalités du monde de la musique, des diplomates et des militants des droits de l'homme, mais aussi par de nombreux mélomanes anonymes –, il est libéré et expulsé vers la France en février 1980. Fondé sur les archives du comité de soutien d'Estrella, des sources diplomatiques et une série d'entretiens, ainsi que sur les fonds récemment déclassifiés de la justice militaire uruguayenne, cet article décrit les ressorts d'une cause exceptionnelle, éclairant d'un jour nouveau les liens entre musique et diplomatie au temps de la guerre froide. Il interroge aussi l'expérience vécue par le musicien en prison, où la pénible reproduction d’œuvres de Beethoven sur un piano muet fait écho à l'assimilation, dans les médias, de sa figure à un héros beethovénien, sorte de Florestan moderne. Ainsi, l'article se penche sur les liens entre éthique et esthétique, et analyse la façon dont l’émotion s'articule au politique dans les mobilisations internationales.
Le silencement du monde: Paysages sonores au haut Moyen Âge et nouvelle culture aurale
Authors: Pancer Nira
Published: October 2018

Alors que les textes antiques abondent en informations sur le paysage sonore, les textes altimédiévaux restent très silencieux. Que s'est-il produit lors du passage de l'Antiquité au haut Moyen Âge pour que le répertoire des manifestations acoustiques s'amenuise de manière aussi sensible ? Ce « silencement du monde » est-il l'indice d'une mutation du paysage sonore « objectif » que l'on pourrait attribuer à des changements dans les conditions matérielles et/ou celui d'une profonde mutation de la culture aurale ? S'il est raisonnable de supposer que la transformation des infrastructures explique en partie le recul du bruit, elle ne permet pas pour autant d’élucider l’énigme de la raréfaction des indications sonores dont témoignent les textes. Pour comprendre les enjeux qui se cachent derrière ce phénomène, il faut prendre en compte la dimension didactique de la littérature hagiographique et les motivations théologiques des auteurs dont le but est de sensibiliser les fidèles à une « sonographie sacrée ».