bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome scan for cognitive trait loci of dyslexia: Rapid naming and rapid switching of letters, numbers, and colors
Authors: Rubenstein Kevin B. , Raskind Wendy H. , Berninger Virginia W. , Matsushita Mark M. , Wijsman Ellen M.
Published: May 2014

Dyslexia, or specific reading disability, is a common developmental disorder that affects 5–12% of school‐aged children. Dyslexia and its component phenotypes, assessed categorically or quantitatively, have complex genetic bases. The ability to rapidly name letters, numbers, and colors from rows presented visually correlates strongly with reading in multiple languages and is a valid predictor of reading and spelling impairment. Performance on measures of rapid naming and switching, RAN and RAS, is stable throughout elementary school years, with slowed performance persisting in adults who still manifest dyslexia. Targeted analyses of dyslexia candidate regions have included RAN measures, but only one other genome‐wide linkage study has been reported. As part of a broad effort to identify genetic contributors to dyslexia, we performed combined oligogenic segregation and linkage analyses of measures of RAN and RAS in a family‐based cohort ascertained through probands with dyslexia. We obtained strong evidence for linkage of RAN letters to the DYX3 locus on chromosome 2p and RAN colors to chromosome 10q, but were unable to confirm the chromosome 6p21 linkage detected for a composite measure of RAN colors and objects in the previous genome‐wide study. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social and personal information use by squirrel monkeys in assessing predation risk
Authors: Frechette Jackson L. , Sieving Kathryn E. , Boinski Sue
Published: May 2014

The threat of predation can significantly influence prey behaviors through altered perceptions of risk. Prey risk perception is constantly updated via collection of personal and social information about predators. Better understanding of the links between information availability, its use, and prey species' perception of risk will aid in explaining how animals adapt to predation. The goal of this study was to determine the environmental and social cues—available to prey via personal and social information, respectively—that influence wild squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) reactivity to potential predators, treated here as a proxy for risk perception. We followed squirrel monkey troops for 3 years in Suriname, South America, and accounted for environmental and social variables associated with potential predator encounters. We utilized logistic regression models applied to a robust and long‐term data set to reveal relationships among factors affecting squirrel monkey anti‐predator responses. Our analyses revealed that height, season, type of predator stimulus, and mixed‐species associations with capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) were highly related to intensity of squirrel monkey anti‐predator responses. Moreover, our analyses revealed that squirrel monkeys overestimate the immediate threat of predation when individuals have incomplete information regarding the potential predator. Am. J. Primatol. 76:956–966, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relaxed open mouth as a playful signal in wild ring‐tailed lemurs
Authors: Palagi Elisabetta , Norscia Ivan , Spada Giulia
Published: May 2014

Play signals are commonly used by animals to communicate their playful motivation and to limit the risk that rough acts are misunderstood by playmates. The relaxed open mouth is the most common facial expression performed during play in many mammals and represents the ritualized version of the movement anticipating a play bite. The signaling nature of this expression has been proven in many haplorrhine species but never demonstrated in strepsirrhines. Our purpose was assessing whether, also in strepsirrhines, the relaxed open mouth has an actual communicative function. We studied wild ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), characterized by highly social habits including intense playful interactions. They largely use playful signals, mostly performed with the black and white tail. The signaling function of the tail (tail play) has been widely demonstrated. We analyzed both tail play and the relaxed open mouth to verify how their distribution is affected by different play variables (e.g., play session symmetry, number of play mates, previous use of the same pattern). Indeed, ring‐tailed lemurs use the relaxed open mouth as a communicative signal during play. Relaxed open mouth was more frequent during unbalanced interactions showing the highest asymmetry in the patterns performed by the two players (offensive/neutral). Compared to tail play, relaxed open mouth was more frequent during dyadic than polyadic interactions and, as a highly directional signal, it was more frequently replicated by the play mate. Therefore, the relaxed open mouth needs to be performed face‐to‐face so that signal detection can be optimized. Similar to previous findings in monkeys and apes, the relaxed open mouth in lemurs seems to be a ritualized signal used to engage and, perhaps, sustain playful interaction. Am. J. Primatol. 76:1074–1083, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wie beeinflusst ein koordinierter Radikalligand die Spincrossover‐Eigenschaften in einem oktaedrischen Eisen(II)‐Komplex?
Authors: Schmitz Markus , Seibel Manuel , Kelm Harald , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Krüger Hans‐Jörg
Published: May 2014

Der Einfluss eines koordinierten π‐Radikals auf die Spincrossover‐Eigenschaften eines oktaedrischen Eisen(II)‐Komplexes wurde untersucht, indem ein Eisen(II)‐Komplex, der zusätzlich zum vierzähnigen N,N′‐Dimethyl‐2,11‐diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophan das Radikalanion des N,N′‐Diphenylacenaphten‐1,2‐diimins als Liganden enthält, als reine Substanz hergestellt wurde. Dieser Spincrossover‐Komplex wurde durch Reduktion des entsprechenden Low‐Spin‐Eisen(II)‐Komplexes mit dem neutralen Diiminliganden erhalten, wodurch gezeigt wird, dass die Reduktion des starken π‐Akzeptorliganden zu einer Abnahme seiner Ligandenfeldstärke führt. Die Charakterisierung des Eisen(II)‐Radikalkomplexes durch strukturanalytische, magnetochemische und spektroskopische Methoden offenbart das Vorliegen eines Spincrossover‐Gleichgewichts oberhalb von 240 K zwischen einem S=1/2‐Grundzustand und einem angeregten S=3/2‐Spinzustand. Die möglichen Ursachen für den beobachteten schnellen Spincrossover werden diskutiert.
The Molecular Structure of Alzheimer β‐Amyloid Fibrils Formed in the Presence of Phospholipid Vesicles
Authors: Niu Zheng , Zhao Weijing , Zhang Zhengfeng , Xiao Fanshu , Tang Xinqi , Yang Jun
Published: May 2014

β‐amyloid (Aβ) fibrils are the major species involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An atomic‐resolution molecular structure of Aβ40 fibrils formed in the presence of lipid vesicles was obtained by using magic angle spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The fibril structures formed in the presence of the lipid vesicles are remarkably different from those formed in solution. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of Aβ aggregation in the presence of lipid vesicles.
Responsive Supramolecular Polymers Based on the Bis[alkynylplatinum(II)] Terpyridine Molecular Tweezer/Arene Recognition Motif
Authors: Tian Yu‐Kui , Shi Yong‐Gang , Yang Zhi‐Shuai , Wang Feng
Published: May 2014

Supramolecular polymers are constructed based on the novel bis[alkynylplatinum(II)] terpyridine molecular tweezer/pyrene recognition motif. Successive addition of anthracene as the diene and cyano‐functionalized dienophile triggers the reversible supramolecular polymerization process, thus advancing the concept of utilizing Diels–Alder chemistry to access stimuli‐responsive materials in compartmentalized systems.
Nanocomposites of poly(propylene carbonate) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals via sol‐gel process
Authors: Wang Xinhang , Xia Yumin , Wei Peng , Chen Yuwei , Wang Yanping , Wang Yimin
Published: May 2014

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) organogels were first produced from aqueous dispersion through solvent exchange of CNCs to acetone via a simple sol‐gel process. After mixing the organogels with poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) in dimethylformamide followed by solution casting, green nanocomposites were obtained with CNCs well dispersed in PPC polymer matrix which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis revealed that glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was slightly increased from 34.0 to 37.4°C. Tensile tests indicated that both yield strength and Young's modulus of CNCs/PPC nanocomposites were doubled by adding 10 wt % CNCs. However, poor thermal stability of PPC occurred after incorporating with CNCs due to the thermo‐sensitive sulfate groups located on the surface of CNCs. Furthermore, PPC became more hydrophilic because of the inclusion of CNCs according to the water contact angle measurement. The enhanced mechanical and hydrophilic properties, coupled with the inherent superior biocompatibility and degradability, offered CNCs/PPC composites potential application in biomedical fields. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40832.
Fluorene‐based click polymers: Relationship between molecular structure and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Ji Xiaoli , Guang Shanyi , Xu Hongyao , Ke Fuyou , Qin Xiaoyun
Published: May 2014

To further understand the relationship between the polymer structure and nonlinear optical (NLO) property, in this article, three fluorene‐based triazole functional polymers with different linked chains were designed and controllably prepared by click chemistry method. The structures and properties of these polymers were characterized and evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectra, dynamic state laser light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and NLO analyses. The results exhibited that the target polymers displayed good solubility, high thermal stability, and well NLO properties. The relationships between molecular structures and optical properties were investigated by both theoretical simulation and experimental results. It was found that the rigid conjugated linked chain between triazole and chromophore can effectively enhance the NLO properties of the resultant polymers. The suitable rigid and flexible groups in the triazole polymers will result in good thermal stabilities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40878.
Microstructure‐based fatigue modeling of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer
Authors: Lugo Marcos , Fountain Jason E. , M. Hughes Justin , Bouvard Jean‐Luc , Horstemeyer Mark F.
Published: May 2014

In this article, we experimentally investigate the structure–property relationships of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer for fatigue and use a microstructure‐based multistage fatigue (MSF) model to predict material failure. The MSF model comprises three stages of fatigue damage (crack incubation, small crack growth, and long crack growth) that was originally used for metal alloys. This study shows for the first time that the MSF theory is general enough to apply to polymer systems like ABS. The experimental study included monotonic testing (compression and tension) and fully reversed uniaxial cyclic tests at two frequencies (1 Hz and 10 Hz) with a range of strain amplitudes of 0.006 to 0.04. Cyclical softening was observed in the ABS copolymer. Fractography studies of failed specimens revealed that particles were responsible for crack incubation. Although polymeric materials can be argued to be more complex in terms of failure modes and thermo‐mechano‐chemical sensitivity when compared with most metal alloys, results showed that the MSF model could be extended successfully to capture microstructural effects to polymeric materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40882.
Event‐Triggered Consensus Control of Second‐Order Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Chen Xia , Hao Fei
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the event‐triggered consensus problem of second‐order multi‐agent systems, where data sampling and communication are executed once an event condition is satisfied. A centralized event‐triggered control scheme first is established with a state‐dependent event condition relying on global state information. Then, in the decentralized counterpart, an event condition for each agent is designed with respect to its own state and the last sampled data of itself and its neighbors. Under the two schemes proposed, consensus is reached with enlarged average sampling periods and no Zeno behavior. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Turn‐off–on chemiluminescence determination of cyanide
Authors: Han Suqin , Wang Jianbo , Jia Shize
Published: May 2014

A flow injection chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method was developed for the determination of cyanide (CN−) based on the recovered CL signal by Cu2+ inhibiting a glutathione (GSH)‐capped CdTe quantum dot (QD) and hydrogen peroxide system. In an alkaline medium, strong CL signals were observed from the reaction of CdTe QDs and H2O2, and addition of Cu2+ could cause significant CL inhibition of the CdTe QDs–H2O2 system. In the presence of CN−, Cu2+ can be removed from the surface of CdTe QDs via the formation of particularly stable [Cu(CN)n](n‐1)– species, and the CL signal of the CdTe QDs–H2O2 system was efficiently recovered. Thus, the CL signals of CdTe QDs–H2O2 system were turned off and turned on by the addition of Cu2+ and CN−, respectively. Further, the results showed that among the tested ions, only CN− could recover the CL signal, which suggested that the CdTe QDs–H2O2–Cu2+ CL system had highly selectivity for CN−. Under optimum conditions, the CL intensity and the concentration of CN− show a good linear relationship in the range 0.0–650.0 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9996). The limit of detection for CN− was 6.0 ng/mL (3σ). This method has been applied to detect CN− in river water and industrial wastewater with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with protein precipitation for determination of granisetron in human plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhou Ying , Jiang Ji , Hu Pei , Wang Hongyun
Published: May 2014

A rapid, simple and validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of granisetron in human plasma. Plasma samples were pre‐purified by protein precipitation procedure. The chromatographic separation was achieved with Synergi Polar‐RP (75 × 2 mm, 4 µm) column using a mixture of 5 mm pH4.0 ammonium formate and methanol (300:316, v/v) under isocratic conditions at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. The analysis time was about 2.5 min. The method was fully validated over the concentration range 0.1–10 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL. Inter‐ and intra‐batch precision was <6.1% and the accuracy was within 95.6–100.0%. The mean extraction recovery was 96.3%. Selectivity, matrix effect and stability were also validated. The method was applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of granisetron in Chinese healthy subjects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U‐251 revisited: genetic drift and phenotypic consequences of long‐term cultures of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Torsvik Anja , Stieber Daniel , Enger Per Øyvind , Golebiewska Anna , Molven Anders , Svendsen Agnete , Westermark Bengt , Niclou Simone P. , Olsen Thale Kristin , Chekenya Enger Martha , Bjerkvig Rolf
Published: May 2014

It is well known that in vitro subculture represents a selection pressure on cell lines, and over time this may result in a genetic drift in the cancer cells. In addition, long‐term cultures harbor the risk of cross‐contamination with other cell lines. The consequences may have major impact on experimental results obtained in various laboratories, where the cell lines no longer reflect the original tumors that they are supposed to represent. Much neglected in the scientific community is a close monitoring of cell cultures by regular phenotypic and genetic characterization. In this report, we present a thorough characterization of the commonly used glioblastoma (GBM) model U‐251, which in numerous publications has been wrongly identified as U‐373, due to an earlier cross‐contamination. In this work, the original U‐251 and three subclones of U‐251, commonly referred to as U‐251 or U‐373, were analyzed with regard to their DNA profile, morphology, phenotypic expression, and growth pattern. By array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we show that only the original low‐passaged U‐251 cells, established in the 1960s, maintain a DNA copy number resembling a typical GBM profile, whereas all long‐term subclones lost the typical GBM profile. Also the long‐term passaged subclones displayed variations in phenotypic marker expression and showed an increased growth rate in vitro and a more aggressive growth in vivo. Taken together, the variations in genotype and phenotype as well as differences in growth characteristics may explain different results reported in various laboratories related to the U‐251 cell line.
Induction of apoptosis by Fe(salen)Cl through caspase‐dependent pathway specifically in tumor cells
Authors: Pradhan Nitika , Pratheek B.M. , Garai Antara , Kumar Ashutosh , Meena Vikram S. , Ghosh Shyamasree , Singh Sujay , Kumari Shikha , Chandrashekar T.K. , Goswami Chandan , Chattopadhyay Subhasis , Kar Sanjib , Maiti Prasanta K.
Published: May 2014

Iron‐based compounds possess the capability of inducing cell death due to their reactivity with oxidant molecules, but their specificity towards cancer cells and the mechanism of action are hitherto less investigated. A Fe(salen)Cl derivative has been synthesized that remains active in monomer form. The efficacy of this compound as an anti‐tumor agent has been investigated in mouse and human leukemia cell lines. Fe(salen)Cl induces cell death specifically in tumor cells and not in primary cells. Mouse and human T‐cell leukemia cell lines, EL4 and Jurkat cells are found to be susceptible to Fe(salen)Cl and undergo apoptosis, but normal mouse spleen cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) remain largely unaffected by Fe(salen)Cl. Fe(salen)Cl treated tumor cells show significantly higher expression level of cytochrome c that might have triggered the cascade of reactions leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. A significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential upon Fe(salen)Cl treatment suggests that Fe(salen)Cl induces apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and homeostasis, leading to cytotoxity. We also established that apoptosis in the Fe(salen)Cl‐treated tumor cells is mediated through caspase‐dependent pathway. This is the first report demonstrating that Fe(salen)Cl can specifically target the tumor cells, leaving the primary cells least affected, indicating an excellent potential for this compound to emerge as a next‐generation anti‐tumor drug.
Conversion of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste into Activated Carbon: Chemical Activation and Characterization
Authors: Adibfar Mohammad , Kaghazchi Tahereh , Asasian Neda , Soleimani Mansooreh
Published: May 2014

Due to its high carbon content, low impurities, low cost and easy availability, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste is considered as a suitable precursor for the production of activated carbon. The chemical activation of PET wastes using different chemical agents such as H3PO4, H2SO4, ZnCl2, and KOH was investigated. KOH‐ and ZnCl2‐activated PET were found to be the best choices for the adsorption of small and large molecules. The capacities of the adsorbents towards I2, methylene blue, N2, CH4, and CO2 followed the order KOH‐PET >H3PO4‐PET > ZnCl2‐PET > H2SO4‐PET; however, in the molasses uptake and selective adsorption of CO2 compared to CH4, ZnCl2‐PET performed better than the other adsorbents.
Determination and Comparison of Equilibrium Data of Various Plant‐Based Fatty Acid Mixtures
Authors: Dasgupta Sunanda , Ay Peter , Schulz Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Multistage melt crystallization of a variety of plant‐based polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mixtures was conducted to obtain an overview on their liquid‐solid equilibrium behavior. Crystal fraction and mother liquor samples were analyzed at every stage. Phase behavior diagrams at low saturated fatty acid concentrations were investigated in detail as they are of significant technical relevance with respect to efficient depletion of the saturated content from the samples. A high oleic acid content in the PUFA mixtures led to difficulties in depleting the mother liquor from the saturated content by melt crystallization. Thermograms from the differential scanning calorimetry were supplemented with illustrations which allow a novel interpretation of results and verification of conclusions.
Combined Production of Biodiesel and Nontoxic Cottonseed Meal Using Two‐Step Two‐Phase Solvent Extraction
Authors: Cao Jing‐Jing , Wang Fei , Fan Hui , Yun Zhi
Published: May 2014

The preparation of biodiesel and nontoxic cottonseed meal from cottonseed by two‐step two‐phase solvent extraction (TS‐TSE) combined with the transesterification reaction was investigated. The TS‐TSE process could significantly reduce the biodiesel production costs when compared with the two‐phase solvent extraction (TSE) process due to the reduction in methanol. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of some factors on the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield and free gossypol (FG) content. These conditions resulted in a maximum FAME yield and reduced the FG content in the cottonseed meal far below the Food and Drug Administration standard. The nontoxic cottonseed meal could be used as animal feed protein source.
Simulating Supercritical Water Jets with a Variable Turbulent Prandtl Number
Authors: Schuler Martin J. , Rothenfluh Tobias , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Brkic Dragana , Meier Thierry , Rudolf von Rohr Philipp
Published: May 2014

Supercritical water jets are of interest for the hydrothermal spallation drilling technology to thermally fragment rock. The important thermal field of such jets was investigated via axial temperature measurements inside a high‐pressure vessel simulating the harsh pressure and temperature conditions found downhole. Deionized water was electrically preheated to supercritical temperatures and afterwards discharged into a slowly co‐flowing cooling water ring. Furthermore, a numerical model was developed and applied. Difficulties in simulating the thermal field due to the strongly varying fluid properties around the pseudo‐critical point of water were highlighted and critically discussed. An approach of a locally varying turbulent Prandtl number is introduced to improve the predictions compared to the experiment. Finally, all numerical results were validated with experimental data.
Simultaneous Adsorption of SO2, NO, and CO2 by K2CO3‐Modified γ‐Alumina
Authors: Yi Honghong , Huang Bin , Tang Xiaolong , Li Kai , Yuan Qin , Lai Ruiyun , Wang Pan
Published: May 2014

The simultaneous adsorption of SO2, NO, and CO2 on K2CO3‐modified γ‐alumina under different operating conditions was studied in a fixed‐bed reactor. The experimental results showed that the influence of a temperature increase on the simultaneous adsorption of the three gases was complex and different from the effects seen when both chemical adsorption and competitive adsorption existed. An increase in O2 concentration and small amounts of water could enhance the adsorption of SO2 and NO while the adsorption of CO2 was not influenced. The breakthrough curves of the simultaneous adsorption experiments suggested that the investigated adsorbent may be a good candidate for the simultaneous adsorption of SO2, NO, and part of the CO2 while the adsorption capacity for CO2 still needs to be enhanced.
Mathematical Modeling and Methodic Scale‐up for Efficient Filter Apparatus Development
Authors: Gruschwitz Florian , Nirschl Hermann , Anlauf Harald
Published: May 2014

In many filtration applications, process parameters vary considerably due to differing boundary conditions. To develop a new filter apparatus, consequently the whole bandwidth of possible scenarios has to be considered for a fully functional real‐scale design. In order to reduce experimental efforts, analytical and numerical methods can be useful. For dimensioning of a new design apparatus for lube oil filtration in large diesel engines, a methodic approach could be developed with a mathematical model for the characteristics of the clogging process. With this method, all possible operative settings can be easily simulated and the experimental effort is considerably reduced.
Energy Evaluation of Ethanol Dehydration with Glycol Mixture as Entrainer
Authors: Benyahia Khadidja , Benyounes Hassiba , Shen Weifeng
Published: May 2014

Extractive distillation of ethanol dehydration using glycols as entrainers is proposed. Specifically, ethanol dehydration of an azeotropic mixture in the presence of ethylene glycol + glycerol mixture is evaluated. Simulation is performed and the vapor‐liquid equilibrium of ethanol + water + ethylene glycol + glycerol is predicted with the NRTL model. Minimization of energy consumption in both extractive and regeneration columns is attempted. Optimal operating parameters of the process including glycol concentration in the solvent mixture, main feed, and entrainer feed trays, total number of theoretical trays, and heat supplied to the reboiler are determined in order to achieve a specified distillate purity of 99.9 mol % ethanol.
Comparison of the Activity of a Rhodium‐Biphephos Catalyst in Thermomorphic Solvent Mixtures and Microemulsions
Authors: Rost Anke , Brunsch Yvonne , Behr Arno , Schomäcker Reinhard
Published: May 2014

Tunable solvent systems provide optimal reaction conditions for homogeneous catalysis as well as appropriate conditions for separating the product from the catalyst via temperature switches. Two tunable solvent systems are presented based on different thermodynamic concepts, namely thermomorphic multicomponent solvent systems and dispersions of immiscible liquids, stabilized by nonionic surfactants as microemulsions. Both systems were applied for the regioselective hydroformylation of the model substrate 1‐dodecene with a Rhodium/ligand catalyst system. The accessibility of the catalyst for the reactants was compared between the molecularly dispersed mixtures and the colloidally dispersed microemulsion systems which are heterogeneous on the microscopic level.
Variable importance in latent variable regression models
Authors: Kvalheim Olav M. , Arneberg Reidar , Bleie Olav , Rajalahti Tarja , Smilde Age K. , Westerhuis Johan A.
Published: May 2014

The quality and practical usefulness of a regression model are a function of both interpretability and prediction performance. This work presents some new graphical tools for improved interpretation of latent variable regression models that can also assist in improved algorithms for variable selection. Thus, these graphs provide visualization of the explanatory variables' content of response related as well as systematic orthogonal variation at a quantitative level. Furthermore, these graphs are able to reveal and partition the explanatory variables into those that are crucial for both interpretation and predictive performance of the model, and those that are crucial for prediction performance but confounded by large contributions of orthogonal variation. Tools for assessment of explanatory variables may not only aid interpretation and understanding of the model but also be crucial for performing variable selection with the purpose of obtaining parsimonious models with high explanatory information content as well as predictive performance. We show by example that by just using prediction performance as criterion for variable selection, it is possible to end up with a reduced model where the most selective variables are lost in the selection process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Tetravalent Uranium Fluorides Obtained in the Presence of Hydrazine from Uranyl Source.
Authors: Olchowka Jakub , Volkringer Christophe , Henry Natacha , Loiseau Thierry
Published: May 2014

The crystal structures of the tetravalent uranium fluorides (V), (VI), (IX), and (X), which could not be prepared as single phases, are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and High Temperature Transport Properties of New Quaternary Layered Selenide NaCuMnSe2.
Authors: Pavan Kumar V. , Varadaraju U. V.
Published: May 2014

NaCu1+xMn1‐xSe2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.075) compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (quartz ampules, 1073 K, 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and thermopower and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto‐Optical Response of 3d‐Decorated Polyoxomolybdates with ε‐Keggin Structure.
Authors: Andreev I. V. , Tchougreeff A. L. , Koegerler P. , Rai R. C.
Published: May 2014

The isostructural tetra‐capped ε‐Keggin‐type polyoxomolybdate(V) cluster compounds [{M(H2O) 3}4Mo12VO28 (μ2‐OH)10(μ3‐OH)2] ·nH2O (M: Ni, Co) are prepared according to previously published literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Nanostructured Bi2Te3.
Authors: Xiao Guanjun , Zhu Chunye , Ma Yanming , Liu Bingbing , Zou Guangtian , Zou Bo
Published: May 2014

Caterpillar‐like Bi2Te3 hierarchical architectures are synthesized from elemental Te in trioctylphosphine and Bi(OAc)3 in the presence of oleic acid and 1‐octadecene (autoclave, 200 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Pressure Polymorph of Phosphorus Nitride Imide.
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Pucher Florian J. , Karau Friedrich W. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: May 2014

Amorphous PN(NH) is prepared by heating (PNCl2)3 at 130 (5 h), 190 (3 h), and 300 °C (4 h) under ammonia flow followed by vacuum heat treatment at 450 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Phase Transitions, Spectroscopic Properties, and Dimensionality Reduction in Rubidium Thorium Molybdate Family.
Authors: Xiao Bin , Gesing Thorsten M. , Kegler Philip , Modolo Giuseppe , Bosbach Dirk , Schlenz Hartmut , Suleimanov Evgeny V. , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: May 2014

Rb8Th(MoO4)6 (I), Rb2Th(MoO4)3 (II), Rb4Th(MoO4)4 (III), and Rb4Th5(MoO4)12 (IV) are prepared by solid state reaction of Th(NO3)4, RbNO3, and MoO3 in molar ratios of 1:2:2 for (I), 1:3:4 for (II), 1:2:4 for (III), and 1:1:1 for (IV), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopy of New Plutonium(III) and ‐(IV) Molybdates: Comparisons of Electronic Characteristics.
Authors: Cross Justin N. , Cary Samantha K. , Stritzinger Jared T. , Polinski Matthew J. , Albrecht Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: May 2014

MoO3 and HBr‐reduced weapons‐grade PuOCl2 or NdBr3 are used for the hydrothermal synthesis of PuIIIMoO4Br(H2O) (I), PuIV3Mo6O24 (H2O)2 (II), and [Nd(H2O)3] [NdMo12O42]·2H2O (III) (PTFE‐lined autoclave, 200 °C for (I) and (III), 230 °C for (II), 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep Synthesis of the SrFeO2F Perovskite Oxyfluoride via the SrFeO2 Infinite‐Layer Intermediate.
Authors: Blakely Colin K. , Davis Joshua D. , Bruno Shaun R. , Kraemer Shannon K. , Zhu Mengze , Ke Xianglin , Bi Wenli , Alp E. Ercan , Poltavets Viktor V.
Published: May 2014

Compound (IV) is characterized by powder XRD, 57Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Study of Co2PO4OH Isostructural with Caminite.
Authors: Wang Guangmei , Valldor Martin , Spielberg Eike T. , Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: May 2014

The title compound is prepared by reaction of Co(O‐Ac)2 and 85% H3PO4 in the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐pyridinium hexafluorophosphate (autoclave, 200 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles in Glycerol: A Versatile Catalytic System for C—X Bond Formation and Hydrogenation Processes.
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Pradel Christian , Gomez Montserrat
Published: May 2014

Palladium nanoparticles stabilized with tris(3‐sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium salt are used as catalyst to promote a variety of C—C, C—N, C—S, and C—P coupling reactions as well as catalytic hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ph‐tetraMe‐Bithienine, the First Member of the Class of Chiral Heterophosphepines: Synthesis, Electronic and Steric Properties, Metal Complexes and Catalytic Activity.
Authors: Vaghi Luca , Benincori Tiziana , Cirilli Roberto , Alberico Elisabetta , Mussini Patrizia Romana , Pierini Marco , Pilati Tullio , Rizzo Simona , Sannicolo Francesco
Published: May 2014

The title ligand is synthesized and its utility for Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations as well as for the alkoxycyclization of enyne (V) is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Reactivity in Homogeneous Gold Catalysis Through Hydrogen Bonding.
Authors: Wang Weibo , Kumar Manish , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: May 2014

Additives that are good hydrogen‐bond acceptors increase the efficiency of gold‐catalyzed reactions in those instances where protodeauration is the rate‐determining step.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Mild, Nonepimerizing, Chemo‐ and Enantio‐ or Diastereoselective N‐Alkylation of Amines by Alcohols via Oxidation/Imine—Iminium Formation/Reductive Amination: A Pragmatic Synthesis of Octahydropyrazinopyridoindoles and Higher Ring Analogues.
Authors: Khan Imran A. , Saxena Anil K.
Published: May 2014

The alkylation procedure is extensively investigated by preparation of 64 different products.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monomethylation of Primary Amines with Simple Electrophiles.
Authors: Lebleu Thomas , Ma Xiaolu , Maddaluno Jacques , Legros Julien
Published: May 2014

The monoalkylation of different primary amines with alkyl triflates proceeds with high chemoselectivity using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as solvent, which prevents an overalkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Auxiliary‐Based SN2′ Reactions: A Case of 1,7‐Relative Stereogenesis.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Marble Lyndon K.
Published: May 2014

Reactions of carbamates [(I), (VII), and (IX)] with phenyl‐ or butylcopper afford alkenes containing quaternary centers with modest to high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: [1,4]‐S‐ to O‐Silyl Migration: Multicomponent Synthesis of α‐Thioketones Through Chemoselective Transformation of Esters to Ketones with Organolithium Reagents.
Authors: Sun Xianwei , Song Zhenlei , Li Hongze , Sun Changzheng
Published: May 2014

The three epoxide derivatives show different selectivities [(IIIg), (V), (VII)].
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of New Substituted Spiropyrimidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Bahy Amira , Jegham Nafaa , Kacem Yakdhane , Ben Hassine Bechir
Published: May 2014

Novel spiropyrimidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives (II) are synthesized using a regiospecific sequence consisting of a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with nitrones followed by a cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling of Enantioenriched Allylic Alcohols with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Wu Hai‐Bian , Ma Xian‐Tao , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: May 2014

The reaction is not applicable to α‐chiral allylic alcohols with β‐substituents due to their poor reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Trisubstituted Allenylsilanes via Regioselective C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Zeng Rong , Wu Shangze , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: May 2014

This is the first example of a direct allenylation of N‐methoxybenzamides with allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Enol Ethers to Amino Acetals with Aminals and Alcohols.
Authors: Xie Yinjun , Hu Jianhua , Xie Pan , Qian Bo , Huang Hanmin
Published: May 2014

Starting from enol ethers this method forms a C—O as well as a C—C bond yielding amino acetals as products.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidative Transformation of Primary Alcohols and Amines to Amides Promoted by a Hydroxyapatite‐Supported Gold Catalyst in Water.
Authors: Wang Wentao , Cong Yu , Zhang Leilei , Huang Yanqiang , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2014

Various aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and amines are reacted under mild conditions to afford the corresponding amides in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Reactions of α‐Trifluoromethylated Esters with Terminal Alkenes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wang Qi , Huan Feng , Shen Haiming , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Gao Min , Yang Xianjin , Murahashi Shun‐Ichi , Chen Qing‐Yun , Guo Yong
Published: May 2014

The title reaction proceeds in the presence of a phosphine organocatalyst in an aerobic atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Sulfination of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides: Direct Access to Sulfones and Sulfonamides.
Authors: Shavnya Andrei , Coffey Steven B. , Smith Aaron C. , Mascitti Vincent
Published: May 2014

This novel and mild two‐step, one‐pot sulfination reaction of aryl halides and triflates gives access to the corresponding sulfones and sulfonamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Asachenko Andrey F. , Sorochkina Kristina R. , Dzhevakov Pavel B. , Topchiy Maxim A. , Nechaev Mikhail S.
Published: May 2014

A solvent‐free protocol for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of a wide range of aryl bromides and chlorides with pinacol arylboronates is developed to give the corresponding coupling products in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Remote meta‐C—H Bonds Directed by a U‐Shaped Template.
Authors: Wan Li , Dastbaravardeh Navid , Li Gang , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: May 2014

This meta‐arylation and methylation provides a new method for the synthesis of 3‐phenylpropanoic acid and phenolic derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Oxytrifluoromethylation of Alkenes with Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate and Hydroxamic Acid.
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Yi , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: May 2014

The method can be applied on a larger scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzoheptazethrene Isomers with Different Biradical Characters: An Exercise of Clar′s Aromatic Sextet Rule in Singlet Biradicaloids.
Authors: Wu Jishan , et al. et al.
Published: May 2014

Two soluble and stable dibenzoheptazethrene isomers (I) and (II) are prepared by different synthetic approaches and isolated in crystalline form.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Functionalized 2H‐Azirines Through PhIO‐Mediated Trifluoroethoxylation and Azirination of Enamines.
Authors: Sun Xiaoqian , Lyu Youran , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: May 2014

The facile protocol allows the synthesis of trifluoroethoxylated 2H‐azirines via cascade reaction of enaminones or enamine carboxylic esters with trifluoroethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral α‐Amino‐β‐Lactams Through Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Sequential Monoarylation/Amidation of C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Kai , Rao Weihao , Zhang Yuejun , Chen Fa‐Jie , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: May 2014

Use of the N,N‐bidentate Pip‐directing group allows the arylation to proceed with nearly complete selectivities of the mono‐ over diarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxonium Ylide Rearrangement of Enzymatically Desymmetrized Glutarates.
Authors: Skrobo Benedikt , Deska Jan
Published: May 2014

The combination of enantioselective desymmetrization and subsequent rearrangement reaction offers a very concise and highly stereoselective synthesis of functionalized tetrahydrofuranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3(2H)‐Furanones to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: He Wujun , Jing Linhai , Qin Dabin , Xie Xiaohua , Wu Song , Wang Rongming
Published: May 2014

Asymmetric Michael addition of furanones to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes followed by reduction of the addition products provides optically active alcohols with high enantioselectivities and low to moderate diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation, Amidoarylation, and Heck‐Type Reaction: Three Distinct Pathways Determined by an Amide Directing Group.
Authors: Davis Tyler A. , Hyster Todd K. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: May 2014

The hydroarylation [e.g. reaction of (I)], dehydrogenative Heck‐type reaction [e.g. reaction of (XI)], and amidoarylation [e.g. reaction (XIII)] give access to a wide variety of five‐ and six membered products.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) from 2,3‐Butanedione.
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Hachiya Iwao , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Inagaki Tatsuhiko , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Takahashi Atsushi , Mizota Isao
Published: May 2014

A two‐step synthesis of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) (V) from 2,3‐butanedione (I) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction Giving Quaternary Amino Succinimides by 1,4‐Addition and a Nef‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Weber Manuel , Frey Wolfgang , Peters Rene
Published: May 2014

All products are isolated with <96% d.e..
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles from Commodity Acid Chlorides by Employing α,β‐Unsaturated Acylammonium Salts.
Authors: Vellalath Sreekumar , Van Khoi N. , Romo Daniel
Published: May 2014

This simple title reaction gives an easy access to various heterocycles from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reaction: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines via 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization.
Authors: Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Hu Wan‐Ping , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: May 2014

The reaction requires a sulfonamide protecting group at nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Phthalimides from 1,2‐Dibromoarenes with Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as Carbon Monoxide Source.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Oschatz Stefan , Sharif Muhammad , Flader Anika , Krey Lisa , Beller Matthias , Langer Peter
Published: May 2014

Application of tert‐butylamine or unsubstituted aniline as well as heterocyclic dibromoaryl derivatives leads to formation of the corresponding amides and only trace amounts of the phthalimides.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Alkylation with Secondary or Tertiary Alkyl—Bromine Bonds for the Construction of Indolones.
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Dong , Zhang Wei , Zhou Liangliang , Lei Aiwen
Published: May 2014

The nickel‐catalyzed cyclization of aryl α‐bromo amides is proposed to proceed via a radical aromatic C‐H alkylation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Three‐Component Reactions of α‐Thiocyanato Ketones Stereoselectively Forming E‐3‐Aroylidene‐2‐oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Xue , Wu Qiong , Jiang Bo , Fan Wei , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: May 2014

Microwave‐assisted reaction of isatins with two equivalents of α‐thiocyanato ketones provides the title compounds via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition/ring opening/SN2‐type reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Diels—Alder Cyclization of Dialkyl(3‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐(3‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)ammonium Bromides in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Chukhajian E. O. , Ayrapetyan L. V. , Chukhajian El. O. , Panosyan H. A.
Published: May 2014

The title reaction affords potentially biologically active benzoisoindolinium salts (II) (8 examples) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Cascade Reactions of Enaminones with 2‐Furylcarbinols: A Versatile Process for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Dong Chunyi , Kong Lingkai , Li Yanli , Li Yanzhong
Published: May 2014

The cascade Piancatelli rearrangement/Michael addition reactions give only one diastereomer of the bicyclic product.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Type Broensted Acid Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐3‐Alkenyl Indazoles from Triazenylaryl Allylic Alcohols in Water.
Authors: Yang Weijun , Yang Zhigen , Xu Lijun , Zhang Lili , Xu Xin , Miao Maozhong , Ren Hongjun
Published: May 2014

A dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid catalyzed cyclization of triazenylaryl allylic alcohols to 2‐pyrrolidine substituted 2H‐indazoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Converting Oxazoles into Imidazoles: New Opportunities for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Alzieu Thibaut , Lehmann Johannes , Naidu Ajay B. , Martin Rainer E. , Britton Robert
Published: May 2014

using microwave chemistry; 44 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐5‐nitrobenzotriazoles
Authors: Gornostaev L. M. , Bulgakova N. A. , Kalashnikova I. V.
Published: May 2014

via cyclization reaction of readily available triazenes (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Cyclization: A Protocol for the Green Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Singh S. , Sharma L. K. , Saraswat A. , Srivastava M. K. , Siddiqui I. R. , Singh R. K. P.
Published: May 2014

Mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and excellent yields are notable advantages of the developed protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl‐Substituted Unsymmetrical Benzothiadiazoles: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties.
Authors: Misra Rajneesh , Gautam Prabhat , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: May 2014

A family of unsymmetrical ferrocenyl‐substituted benzothiadiazoles bearing a variety of electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups, are synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Diverse Construction of 6‐Substituted‐5,6‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrones Through Double Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: Mineno Masahiro , Sawai Yasuhiro , Kanno Kazuaki , Sawada Naotaka , Mizufune Hideya
Published: May 2014

Application of this method is demonstrated by the total syntheses of Kavain (IV) and Yangonin (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Cyanochromones in [3 + 2] Cycloadditions with an Azomethine Ylide Derived from Sarcosine and Formaldehyde. A Short Synthesis of 1‐Benzopyrano[2,3‐c:3,4‐c′]dipyrrolidines.
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Kornev Mikhail Yu. , Moshkin Vladimir S.
Published: May 2014

3‐Substituted chromones undergo [3 + 2] cycloaddition with an azomethine ylide to produce benzopyranopyrrolidine derivatives (IV, isolated as hydrochlorides) in a diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Aroylated Phenanthridines via Base Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (BHAS).
Authors: Leifert Dirk , Daniliuc Constantin Gabriel , Studer Armido
Published: May 2014

The novel method for the synthesis of 6‐aroylated phenanthridines involves the addition of acyl radicals to the isonitrile functionality of 2‐isocyanobiphenyls and subsequent intramolecular base promoted homolytic aromatic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Pyridine to Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenative Cyclization with Oxime Esters.
Authors: Huang Huawen , Ji Xiaochen , Tang Xiaodong , Zhang Min , Li Xianwei , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: May 2014

Notable features of the title method are high efficiency, inexpensive catalyst, the use of air as an environmentally friendly oxidant, and acetic acid and water as green byproducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, One‐Pot Reaction of 7‐Azaindoles and Aldehydes: A Facile Route to Novel Di‐7‐azaindolylmethanes.
Authors: Uddin Md. Imam , Buck Jason R. , Schulte Michael L. , Tang Dewei , Saleh Samir A. , Cheung Yiu‐Yin , Harp Joel , Manning H. Charles
Published: May 2014

A novel and highly efficient microwave promoted reaction of 7‐azaindoles with aldehydes to give di‐7‐azaindolylmethanes (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A DMAP‐Catalyzed Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydroquinazolines via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Protocol.
Authors: Derabli Chamseddine , Boulcina Raouf , Kirsch Gilbert , Carboni Bertrand , Debache Abdelmadjid
Published: May 2014

An efficient and simple DMAP‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐aminobenzophenone with aromatic aldehydes and NH4OAc is developed to give 1,2‐dihydroquinazoline derivatives under mild conditions.