ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ISOLATED BACTERIA AT THE SANGMELIMA REFERENCE HOSPITAL, SOUTH CAMEROON REGION: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Bikoï Jacky Njiki , Ndedi Esther Del Florence Moni , Manga Mellissa Borisse Tsanga , Makue Elsa Nguiffo , Membangbi Alexandra Emmanuelle , Koko-Ta Sharonne Ladiff , Mbaga Donatien Serge , Mikangue Chris André Mbongue , Bela Olivier Ndongo , Bikoi André Urbain Njiki , Eone Marie Michelle , Essama Sara Honorine Riwom 
Published: July 2022

Background and objective: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is now one of the most serious threats to global health. Knowledge of the main bacterial species responsible for bacteremia and their antibiotic resistance profile makes possible to provide an objective basis for effective antibiotic therapy. However, in the South Cameroon region, microbiological documentation is not always available. The objective of our study was to determine the resistance profile of bacteria isolated at the Sangmélima Reference Hospital.
Methods: It was a retroprospective study on biological samples collected from interned and ambulatory patients seen at the Sangmélima Reference Hospital during the period from January 2021 to October 2021.The samples were cultured on specific media and the susceptibility was carried out on agar media using Kirby-Bauertechnique and interpretation according to the 2020 CASFM Guidelines.
Results: For the retrospective part, GNB were most represented (15/26; 57.7%,) with the E. coli (n=12/15) and only Staphylococcus spp for GPB (n=11/26). Staphylococcus resistance was particularly relevant with 81.81% to erythromycin, 63.63% to cefoxitin and 72.72% to Cotrimoxazole. E. coli showed a resistance of 66.66% for augmentin and 83.33% for cefuroxime. In the prospective part, GPB were only represented by Staphylococcus epidermidis (7/7 ; 50%), and GNB included E. coli (3/7 ; 21.42%), K. pneumoniae (2/7; 14.29%) and A baumannii (2/7; 14.29%). For all isolated bacteria strains, a high resistance to the majority of betalactams and penicillin was observed. However, bacteria with greater antibiotic resistance were Staphylococcus strains, highly resistant to beta-lactams, while A. baumannii strains showed higher resistance, and E. coli especially to penicillins and fluoroquinolones.
Conclusion: E. coli and Staphylococcus spp were predominant isolated bacteria with high rate of resistance to antibiotics frequently used in hospital. Strict adherence to infection prevention practices and judicious use of antibiotics are recommended to slow te spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
                 
Peer Review History:
Received: 10 May 2022; Revised: 12 June; Accepted: 30 June, Available online: 15 July 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com
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Received file:                                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com
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