bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Privacy Preserving Query Retrieval Using Locality Sensitive Hashing
Authors: M.S. Archana , Deepa K.
Published: January 2019

The usage of smart phones is tremendously increasing day by day. Due to this, Location Based Services (LBS) attracted considerably and becomes more popular and vital in the area of mobile applications. On the other hand, the usage of LBS leads to potential threat to user’s location privacy. In this paper, the famous LBS provide information about points of interest (POI) in spatial range query within a given distance. For that, a more efficient and an enhanced privacy-preserving query solution for location based, Efficient Privacy-Location Query (EPLQ) is proposed along with Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) reduces the dimensionality of high dimensional data. Experiments are conducted extensively and the results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm EPLQ in privacy preserving over outsourced encrypted data in spatial range queries. The proposed method performs in spatial range queries and similarity queries of privacy preserving.
Enhanced Security for Dynamic Multi Keyword Ranked Search Using Greedy Best First Search
Authors: Baby Bibin , Banu Sharmila
Published: January 2019

Today, due to the enormous growth of data technology in cloud computing, the data owners are stimulated to outsource their data in data management to reduce cost and for the convenient. Data confidentiality, in general, can be obtained by encrypting the data before it is outsourced. The client stores the encrypted data to the cloud using Searchable encryption schemes and applies keyword search techniques over cipher text domain. But the main problem in outsourcing is the lack of security and privacy for the sensitive data. So, to overcome this, for privacy requirement, the sensitive data can be encrypted before it is outsourced. Various methods were proposed to preserve the privacy and to provide security to the cloud data which are encrypted. Here in this paper, we proposed a tree-based search method over the encrypted datain the cloud that supports dynamic operation and multi-keyword ranked search. Clearly, the commonly used “inverse document frequency (IDF) term frequency (TF)” model and the vector space method are joined in the query generation and index creation to give multi-keyword ranked search. To get high search efficiency, a tree-type index structure, “Greedy Best-first Search” algorithm is proposed based on the tree- index.
Prediction of Fish Yields in Lakes and Reservoirs from simple Empirical Models using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) : An Review
Authors: Karunakaran D. , Balakrishnan M.
Published: January 2019

Prediction of reservoir yield is an important for fisheries managers to use appropriate scientific management practices to increase the fishery production. Many mathematical or applied mathematics and Artificial Neural Networks models were developed to predict fish production forecast of reservoirs. Ecology of reservoirs is dynamic, extraordinarily advanced and nonlinear in nature. There are several drivers have an effect on the fisheries, both internal and external environmental parameters. Many researchers have assessed fish yield potential based on leaner models using multiple linear regressions. Accurate modelling to predict fish yield of the reservoirs and lakes helps to understand behaviour of the system and managers can formulate appropriate management practices to improve fish yield. This paper provides an in-depth review on existing model developed from simple empirical estimation to high-level non-linear model for assessing fishery potential of lakes and reservoirs.
论学生组织文化对团学工作的重要性
Authors: 郗 焱永
Published: January 2019

伴随着我国实施高等教育大众化战略以来,高校发展的规模持续扩大,大学生的素质和价值取向也呈现出多样性的特点,这导致高校工作出现了很许多亟待解决的问题。坚持把组织文化的理念嵌入高校团学工作,是学生实现自我服务和自我管理的有效方法,也是提高。高等学校质量管理的必然趋势。本文笔者以工作经验为基础,阐述学生组织文化的内涵,并提出学生组织文化对团学工作的重要性。
浅析新时期党校党建工作创新的途径
Authors: 姜 天伊
Published: January 2019

党校是具有特殊意义的独立化国家公共组织单位,其宗旨在于培育高素质的党政领导干部,深化党政队伍的思想觉悟。在新时期背景下,党校的基层党建工作面临着诸多挑战。基于此,党校应当立足于科学发展观念,深度剖析党建工作存在的突出性问题,创新工作模式,培养适应经济发展的人才。
The Carnivores of Quarry 3, Agate Fossil Beds National Monument
Authors: Hunt Robert , Skolnick Robert , Kaufman Joshua
Published: January 2019

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in the remote upper reaches of the Niobrara River valley, paleontologists discovered an unbelievable trove of fossil bones eroding from two adjacent hillsides. Under these two “fossil hills” were buried entire skeletons of extinct animals that previously had been known only by fragmentary remains. Over the next two decades, leading museums of the day expended great effort exposing and then extracting whole portions of this bonebed for public exhibition and for research purposes.
Many years later, scientists from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln reopened the old quarries to search for clues, long overlooked, that might explain why rhinoceroses, chalicotheres, and entelodonts had perished together millions of years ago at this particular place. In the process, they uncovered carnivore dens unrecognized by the first excavators.
Today, the displays at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument lead visitors through the forensic evidence that discloses a sequence of events culminating in the demise of many hundreds of animals. The exhibits at the visitor center also include murals by artist Mark Marcuson and a diorama that uses full skeletal mounts, all illustrating the fascinating story of the Agate bonebed.
In addition, the park is situated in a 3,000-acre preserve of shortgrass prairie and tells the story of rancher James Cook, who first noticed the bones in the 1880s, and his friendship with the scientists who came to excavate at Agate. Visitors can follow several trails to view the historic fossil sites, where wayside exhibits explain the paleontological investigations, and reconstruct the landscape of a dryland paleoriver valley and its animals, 22 million to 23 million years ago.
Response of Bioinoculants to Early Seedling Growth in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.)
Authors: Lakshman Shyam Sundar , Ghodke M.K.
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of different bioagents/biofungicides and growth regulators on seed germination and early seedling growth of sunflower. Eleven (11) treatments were established for the present investigation. Higher germination was observed in T5, T6/T7, T10 and T11 treatments in contrast to other treatments. Treatments T7, T3 and T11 were found significantly better than all other treatments. Generally, root and shoot length increased with the advancement of growth stages. T4 showed higher number of secondary roots in comparison to all other treatments. The shoot length and root length in all the cases (irrespective of the cultivars: DRSH-1, DRSF-108, LSFH-171) were highly influenced by the bioinoculants and chemicals; however, influence of bioagents was found better than the chemicals. Similarly, the seedling weight in 96 hours after sowing and 144 hours after sowing in all the cultivars was reported higher than when the seeds were treated with bioinoculants, which reflected the efficacy of the bioinoculants compared to others.
Analysis Of The Failure Of Organizations For Prohibited of Chemical Weapon (OPCW) As The Organization For Disarmament On The Conflict Of Syria
Authors: Witarti Denik Iswardani , Puspitasari Anggun
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes the failure of the Organization for Prohibited of Chemical Weapon (OPCW) in handling chemical weapon disarmament in Syria. The use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government against its own citizens poses a challenge for OPCW in its role to ban the use and development of chemical weapons worldwide. OPCW itself formed in 1997 is an implementation of Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) in 1993. The main problem of this study is OPCW failure factors to ban the use and development of chemical weapons in Syrian conflict. The study results show that the chemical weapon disarmament efforts in Syria by the OPCW by sending and destroying government-owned chemical weapons has failed. Although OPCW has claimed Syria has been freed from chemical weapons, it is still encountered the use of chemical weapons by ISIS terrorist groups and unofficial opposition groups. In conclusion, the role of the OPCW according to the concept of disarmament and the international organization is still not fully successful. OPCW is only able to detect the use of chemical weapons committed by the Syrian government. This organization has no authority in overcoming the problem of the misused chemical weapons committed by non-state actors.

Keywords: Chemical weapons, Syrian conflict, OPCW, Disarmament. 
 
İKİ SAVAŞ ARASI DÖNEM YAKINDOĞU’DA TÜRK - ERMENİ İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: Yamaç Müzehher
Published: January 2019

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlı Devletine karşı
savaşan Ermeniler’e, Ruslar ve Fransızlar tarafından “Büyük Ermenistan” devleti
vaat edilmişti. Taşnak ve Hınçak gibi terör örgütleri, vatandaşı oldukları
devlete karşı Ermeni topluluklarını isyana kışkırtarak, başta Van ve Bitlis
olmak üzere çeşitli yerlerde isyan başlatmışlardı. Çıkan olayları durdurmak
için Osmanlı yönetimi, Doğu Anadolu’da bulunan Ermenileri, 1915 yılında Osmanlı
toprağı olan Suriye’ye tehcir kararı aldı. Savaş sırasında göç ettirilen
Ermenilere 1918 yılında bir kararname ile izin verildiğinden, bir kısmı
Anadolu’da terk ettikleri topraklara geri dönmüştür.
Kurtuluş Savaşı süresince düşman ordusu ile birlikte hareket etmişlerdir. 1921
Ankara Anlaşması’ndan sonra, işgal edilen yerlerdeki Ermeniler, Fransız
ordularıyla birlikte tekrar bölgeden çekilmiştir. Lozan Konferansı’nda Ermeni
istekleri “Azınlıklar Sorunu” sırasında görüşülmüş ancak, devlet kurma
istekleri gerçekleşmemiştir. Lozan sonrası dönem, yeni bir güçler dengesi ve
siyasi haritanın oluşturulduğu dönemdir. Bu aşamadan sonra Ermeniler, Kürtlerle
birlikte kurdukları Hoybun Cemiyeti’nde, 1926-1930 yılları arasında gerçekleşen
Ağrı isyanı sırasında, Türkiye’ye karşı eylemlerde bulunmuştur. 1938 yılında
Türk ordusunun İskenderun’a girmesi ve 1939 Antlaşması ile Hatay’ın Türkiye’ye
devri, Ermenilerin kaygılarını arttırmıştır. Bölgedeki Ermeniler’in bir kısmı
bu kez Lübnan’a ve Suriye’ye, diğerleri ise ABD ve Fransa’ya göç etmişlerdir.
Fransa göçü organize etmiş ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve işgal sırasında kendileri
için savaşan Ermenilere, finansal destek sağlamıştır. Türk yetkilileri bu yer
değiştirme sırasında; Fransız yetkililerle üzerinde anlaştıkları göç
düzenlemeleri ile, göçmenleri korumak için gerekli önlemleri almışlardır. Bu çalışmada Fransız
Dışişleri Bakanlığı ve Osmanlı Arşiv Belgelerinden yararlanarak, 1918-1940
yıllarına Yakındoğu’da Türk-Ermeni İlişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
MACAR TARİHİNDE BİR KIRILMA NOKTASI: TRİANON BARIŞ ANTLAŞMASI (4 HAZİRAN 1920)
Authors: Dilbaş Gökhan
Published: January 2019

Macar tarihinin en önemli kırılma noktalarından
birisi 4 Haziran 1920 tarihinde Macaristan ve İtilaf Devletleri arasında
imzalanan Trianon Barış Antlaşması’dır. Bu antlaşma ile I. Dünya Savaşı
Macaristan adına sona erer, ancak Macaristan ciddi anlamda toprak kaybına
uğrar, ekonomik olarak sarsılır ve Orta Avrupa’da yeni devletler ortaya çıkar.
Bununla beraber Trianon Barış Antlaşması sorunları kesin şekilde çözemez ve hem
Macaristan hem de Orta Avrupa adına yeni ve daha zorlu süreçler ortaya çıkar.
Trianon Barış Antlaşması’na giden sürecin, Antlaşma’da Macaristan’ın uğradığı
kayıpların, Antlaşma sonrasında Orta Avrupa’da yaşanan değişimlerin ve
Antlaşma’nın Avrupa’ya olan etkilerinin incelenmesi XX. yüzyılda iki büyük
savaş yaşamış olan Avrupa’nın tarihinin daha bütüncül şekilde anlaşılmasını
sağlayacağı gibi, Antlaşma’nın Macaristan’a ve Macar insanına olan etkilerinin
de bir kez daha gözden geçirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
II. MEŞRUTİYET’İN İLÂNI SONRASINDA “DEVR-İ SÂBIK” MEMURLARININ DURUMLARI
Authors: Polat Hasan Ali
Published: January 2019

II. Meşrutiyetin ilânı, 23 Temmuz 1908'den önceki
Abdülhamid dönemini “devr-i sâbık” hâline getirdi. II. Abdülhamid’in şahsına
doğrudan saldırı olmasa da, onun yakınındaki devlet adamlarına büyük öfke ile
bakıldı. Abdülhamid ricâli, yeni dönemde meşrutî idareye ayak uydurmaya çalışsa
da eski dönemin kudretli isimleri oldukları için hep kuşku ile karşılandılar;
vazifelerinden azledildiler, Memduh Paşa gibi bazı isimler tutuklandılar.
Sadece Abdülhamid ricâline değil devlet memurlarına yönelik de “devr-i sâbık
memuru” oldukları yönünde suçlamalar yöneltildi. Tensikat Kanunu gibi kanunlar ile ciddî tasfiyeler
gerçekleştirildi. Bu çalışma, meşrutiyetin yeniden ilânı akabinde devr-i sâbık
memurlarını ve onların meşrutî idaredeki durumlarını, devr-i sâbık devlet
adamlarının yeni döneme adaptasyon çabalarını, incelemektedir. Ayrıca, devr-i
sâbık memurlarının tasfiyesi hususunda aşırıya gidilmesi üzerine matbuattaki
tepkileri ele almaktadır.
POLİSİYE EDEBİYATTA ULUSAL ALEGORİ ÇEVİRİSİ: AMANVERMEZ AVNİ’NİN SERÜVENLERİ
Authors: Altıntaş Özge , Karadağ Ayşe Banu
Published: January 2019

Son yıllarda çeviribilim alanında yapılan araştırmalar polisiyenin ulusal alegori üretmekteki gücüne işaret etmektedir. Yazıldığı döneme ilişkin tarihsel, toplumsal, kültürel ve coğrafik bir kesit sunabilmesi nedeniyle polisiye türü “Yeni Gerçekçilik” olarak kabul edilmeye başlamıştır. Kendi döneminin ulusal alegorisini üretebilen bu türün çevirisini ise “kaynak metindeki ulusal alegorinin başka bir ulusal alegoriye çevrilmesi” şeklinde ele alan çalışmalar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, çeviribilim alanındaki polisiye edebiyata ilişkin yeni yaklaşımlar ışığında ilk seri telif polisiye edebiyat örneklerini ulusal alegori çevirisi bağlamında incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de seri halinde yayınlanan ilk telif polisiye eser olarak kabul edilen Osmanlı’nın Sherlock Holmes’ü Amanvermez Avni, betimleyici çalışmanın araştırma nesnesi olarak seçilmiştir. Bu betimleyici çalışmada Osmanlı’nın Sherlock Holmes’ü Amanvermez Avni örneğinden hareketle ilk dönem seri telif polisiye edebiyat örnekleri üzerinden yapılan özgün/çeviri tartışmalarına çeviribilim bakış açısıyla yaklaşılacaktır. Bu amaçla yapılacak betimleyeci çalışmada polisiye edebiyat çevirisi alanında araştırmalar yapan Alistair Rolls’ün çeviri odaklı kavramsallaştırmaları temel alınacaktır.
Uma discussão de discussões de professores de Matemática que analisam produções escritas em um grupo de trabalho
Authors: Britto Mauro Luís Borsoi , Viola dos Santos João Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar discussões de professores de matemática em um grupo de trabalho no qual analisam produções escritas em matemática. Sob uma análise qualitativa de pesquisa, os dados foram produzidos por meio de gravações de vídeos e áudios, em oito encontros de um grupo de trabalho. As principais referências teórico-metodológicas são trabalhos que envolvem a Análise da Produção Escrita (APE) e o Modelo dos Campos Semânticos (MCS). O grupo de trabalho como espaço formativo se apresenta como uma possibilidade para a formação (inicial e em serviço) de professores que ensinam matemática. As discussões realizadas pelos professores são na direção de um refinamento de seus olhares para as produções de seus alunos, um detalhamento de suas atitudes e ações na elaboração e implementação de atividades e de um conhecimento das sutilezas que envolvem os processos de produção de significados, na direção de ler, plausivelmente, o que acontece em sala de aula.Palavras-chave: Análise da Produção Escrita; Formação de Professores de Matemática; Grupo de Trabalho; Modelo dos Campos Semânticos. A discussion of discussion of Math teachers that analyzes written productions in a work groupAbstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate mathematics teachers discussion in a work group in which they analyze written work in mathematics. We carry out a qualitative research and the data were produced through video and audio recordings in eight meetings of a working group. The principal theoretical and methodological references are works about written work analysis and Model of Semantic Fields. The work group with formative space presents itself as a possibility for the preparation (pre-service and in-service) of mathematics teachers. The discussions carried out by the teachers are towards a refinement of their views for the productions of their students, a detailing of their attitudes and actions in the elaboration and implementation of activities and a knowledge of the subtleties that involve the processes of meaning production, in the direction of reading, plausibly, what happens in the classroom.Keywords: Written Work Analysis; Mathematics Teacher Education; Work Group; Model of Semantic Fields.
Comparison of 27 G Quincke and 25 G Quincke Needles for Post Dural Puncture Headache in Caesarean Section
Authors: Islam Md Anisul , Begum Amena , Shahida SM
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Although modern anaesthesiology has made great progress in the last decades and spinal anaesthesia is popular for its effectiveness, Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is a significant and well known complication of spinal anaesthesia that may be incapacitating for patients. A few decades ago less refined and thicker spinal needles were being used and the incidence of PDPH was high. But within the last 15 years more refined and thinner needles have been used and the incidence of PDPH is grossly reduced.

Objective: To compare the incidence and severity of post dural puncture headache using 25 G Quincke and 27 G Quincke needle during spinal anaesthesia in case of caesarean section.

Materials and Methods: This randomized prospective study was carried out in the Border Guard Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of January to July, 2015. Patients were selected randomly from the age group of 20-35 years having a pregnancy of at least 34 weeks gestation with a single uncompromised fetus and uncomplicated pregnancy. Patients with a history of migraine, convulsion, cerebrovascular accident, Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, spinal deformity, coagulopathy or previous neurological disease were excluded. They were randomly allocated into two groups. Each group consisting of 50 patients. Data was collected by interviewing and observation results. Data were processed and analyzed by using statistical test.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference found in age, height, weight and ASA status between two groups. 27G Quincke needle had significantly higher failure rate of successful lumber puncture in first attempt than the 25G Quincke needle (20% vs 6%, P<0.05). There was no difference difference regarding the incidence of intraoperative complications between two groups. The overall incidence of PDPH was 2(4%) in group A and 12 (24%) in group B (P<0.05). Decreased severity of headache was noted in the 27G group Quincke needle. There was no difference regarding the duration of headache in between two groups.

Conclusion: This study suggests that the risk of PDPH was much lower in 27G Quincke needle as compared to 25G Quincke needle though it had a higher failure rate of successful lumber puncture in first attempt. For spinal anaesthesia 27G Quincke needle should be used.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(1) 2016: 17-21
Variations of Lung Function Status in Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication
Authors: Nahar Mst Nasrin , Begum Shelina , Ferdousi Sultana , Sultana Sharmeen , Parveen Zinia , Akhter Tunergina , Habib Tamanna
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Essential hypertension is associated with altered pulmonary function. Antihypertensive medication and lung function are also associated. Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) and Atenolol (beta blocker) are commonly used antihypertensive drugs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of antihypertensive drugs on lung function status in patients with essential hypertension.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Physiology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, from July 2012 to June 2013 on 100 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients. Based on prescribed treatment, these study subjects were divided into two groups - B1 and B2. B1 included 50 patients who received amlodipine 5mg daily and B2 included 50 patients who received atenolol 50mg daily. Lung function tests were done in both B1 and B2 groups before taking medication, after 3 months of medication and after 6 months of medication. For assessing lung function status, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second (FEV1) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were measured with a computer based Spirometer. Age, sex and BMI matched 50 apparently healthy normotensive subjects were also studied as control (group A). Data were compared among subjects of different groups. For statistical analysis independent sample‘t’ test and paired sample‘t’ test were performed.

Results: Mean FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were significantly lower in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients in comparison with that of healthy normotensive subjects. Mean FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were found significantly higher in the group taking amlodipine for 6 months when compared to newly diagnosed hypertensive patients but lower than those of controls. In addition mean FVC and FEV1 were found significantly lower in the group taking atenolol for 6 months when compared to newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and those of controls.

Conclusion: Reduced lung function occurs in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients which improve by treatment with amlodipine but decreases after treatment with atenolol.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(1) 2016: 28-32
Stress Fractures in Female Cadets in Bangladesh Naval Academy during Training
Authors: Uddin Md Borhan , Rahman Md Anisur
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Stress fractures occur due to repetitive cumulative micro trauma on the bone over a period of time. These are common overuse injuries in military cadets and sports personnel during training. Stress fracture in female cadets is a rising cause of concern for its high prevalence. It increases morbidity, long term absence from training and significant economic loss.

Objective: To find out the prevalence, time of occurrence and sites involved among the fresh female cadets during their basic training.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to April 2017 in female cadets undergoing basic training at Bangladesh Naval Academy, Chittagong. A detailed history and physical assessment was performed of those presenting with pain, swelling or limping. Radiographic imagings were done to evaluate the symptoms. All cases of stress fractures were finally diagnosed on the basis of findings and were appropriately managed and followed up every two weeks till the time of union.

Results: Eighteen cases out of 82 had clinical and radiological signs of stress fractures with an overall prevalence of 21.95%. Average age was 19 years (range 18-20). Highest prevalence was around 12 weeks of training. Common sites were tibia (40.90%), pelvis (40.90%) and fibula (9.09%). There was one metatarsal and one femoral neck fracture. All the fractures were treated conservatively and were healed in an average period of 7 weeks. All cadets returned to their full activity in an average period of ten weeks.

Conclusion: Prevalence among the female naval cadets is high and probably underrated in this setting. For prevention, modifiable causes and risks factors must be evaluated and identified. A protractive approach for early detection and immediate management is indispensible to reduce the morbidity and early return to full activity.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(1) 2016: 48-52
SINERGI MOTIF BATIK ECO-PRINT DAN ASESORIS SOSPESO UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIFITAS UKM BATIK DAN UKM ASESORIS
Authors: , Lindiawati , Purnama Sari Linda , Ayu Wulandari Dewi
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan trend batik tidak lepas dari perkembangan trend asesoris, karena tampilan batik menjadi lebih elegan dengan didukung asesoris. Motif batik dan desain asesoris terus berkembang seiring dengan kreatifitas pikiran manusia serta perubahan selera pasar. Batik Jumputan Lukis yang dikembangkan UKM Ujung Galuh Surabaya juga mengalami fenomena ini. Selama lima tahun UKM mengembangkan motif batik jumputan dengan teknik lukis dengan hasil batik dengan warna yang kuat. Pada awalnya minat cukup bagus, namun setelah lima tahun penjualan tidak berkembang. Hal yang sama dialami oleh UKM Vitrie yang membuat asesoris bros dan kalung dengan materi  utama batu dan borci. Banyaknya pesaing yang mengunakan jenis batu lain, tulang, kayu, perca, logam dan mutiara membuat UKM ini kalah bersaing. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk mensinergikan teknik eco-print untuk mengembangkan kreasi motif batik jumputan lukis dengan paduan asesori dengan teknik sospeso dari perca kain eco-print. Eco-print dibuat dengan mengaplikasikan langsung sayuran dan bunga segar pada kain kemudian diproses dengan penguat warna. Sedangkan asesoris sospeso dibuat dari  perca batik eco-print dengan mengambil motif sayuran dan bunganya yang dirangkai dengan bantuan plastik atau pemanasan. Sinergi motif ini memberikan kreasi batik dan asesoris yang elegan dan menarik minat pasar. Produk kedua UKM ini dalam empat  bulan terakhir telah mengikuti pameran produk tingkat nasional dan mulai diminati pasar menengah-atas dengan kenaikan penjualan 10% dibandingkan rata-rata empat tahun sebelumnya. Kenaikan Mensinergikan batik dengan warna alam yang lembut dengan aksen asesoris sospeso yang menguatkan tampilan batik menjadi energy untuk meningkatkan produktifitas UKM batik dan asesoris.     Kata Kunci:     Penurunan penjualan, sinergi,  pewarnaan alam, eco print, asesoris, sospeso
Perancangan Antarmuka Aplikasi Berbasis Web Menggunakan User Centered Design Dalam Pembelajaran Keragaman Budaya
Authors: Lubis Rizky Fauziah
Published: January 2019

Abstract: An interface design for learning application is designed based on the user need. User Centered Design (UCD) purposed for help the design process match with the user need which is user usability oriented. After arranging based on that need, so the application is modelled using Unified Modelling Language (UML) to describe the systematic and how the application works from the designed application. The use of UCD can be used in designing an application for cultural diversity learning in Asahan with the Web-based. The element in the information system explained graphically and expose the close relationship of each element. So by the detail design dan user need oriented, the youth attracted and willing to learn their culture by the comprehensive information system. Keywords: User Centered Design, Unified Modelling Language, culture diversity of Asahan Abstrak: Sebuah perancangan antarmuka aplikasi pembelajaran disusun dan dibuat berdasarkan kebutuhan penggunanya. User Centered Design (UCD) bertujuan untuk membantu perancangan sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang berorientasi pada usability pengguna. Setelah disusun sesuai kebutuhan tersebut, maka aplikasi dimodelkan dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) sehingga terlihat jelas seperti apa sistematika dan operasi penggunaan dari aplikasi yang dirancang. Penggunaan UCD dapat digunakan dalam merancang suatu aplikasi pembelajaran keragaman budaya di Asahan berbasis Web. Elemen yang ada pada aplikasi ini digambarkan secara grafis dan dapat memperlihatkan hubungan yang erat antar elemennya. Sehingga melalui perancangan yang detail dan berorientasi pada kebutuhan pengguna, generasi muda tertarik dan mau mempelajari kebudayaannya sendiri melalui sistem informasi yang komprehensif. Kata kunci: User Centered Design, Unified Modelling Language, keberagaman budaya Asahan.
Penerapan Metode K-Means Clustering Dalam Menentukan Predikat Kelulusan Mahasiswa Untuk Menganalisa Kualitas Lulusan
Authors: Novita Sari Venny , Yupianti Yupianti , Maharani Dewi
Published: January 2019

Abstract: The increasing number of students who graduated each year causes a lot of student data that need to be processed, causing difficulties in grouping the data. In this research apply Data Mining by using Clustering method to classify the quality of graduate students of Faculty of Computer Science Dehasen University of Bengkulu based on GPA and Study Program. The algorithm used is K-Means Clustering, where the data are grouped based on the same characteristics will be entered into the same group and the data set entered into the group does not overlap. Information displayed in the form of group ?? a group of graduate students who dominate the Study Program, so it is known to the group that has the best graduate quality. The results of this study will assist the University in analyzing the quality of graduated students and the most potential study programs. Software used to help this grouping is Rapid Miner. Keywords: K-Means Clustering, Study Program, Graduate Quality, Rapid Miner Abstrak: Semakin meningkatnya jumlah mahasiswa yang diluluskan setiap tahunnya menyebabkan banyaknya data mahasiswa yang perlu diolah sehingga menyebabkan kesulitan dalam pengelompokan data tersebut. Pada penelitian ini menerapkan Data Mining dengan menggunakan metode Clustering untuk mengelompokkan kualitas lulusan mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu berdasarkan IPK dan Program Studi. Algoritma yang digunakan yaitu K-Means Clustering, dimana data dikelompokkan berdasarkan karakteristik yang sama akan dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok yang sama dan set data yang dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok tidak tumpang tindih. Informasi yang ditampilkan berupa kelompok � kelompok lulusan mahasiswa yang mendominasi Program Studi, sehingga diketahui kelompok yang memiliki kualitas lulusan terbaik. Hasil penelitian ini akan membantu pihak Universitas dalam menganalisa kualitas mahasiswa yang diluluskan dan program studi yang paling berpotensi diminati. Software yang digunakan untuk membantu pengelompokan ini adalah Rapid Miner. Keyword: K-Means Clustering, Program Studi, Kualitas Lulusan, Rapid Miner
Pendampingan Keluarga Dan Perawatan Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa Bebas Pasung
Authors: Hidayat Syaifurrahman , Mumpuningtias Elyk Dwi
Published: January 2019

Kesehatan Jiwa masih belum menjadi agenda prioritas, terutama di daerah pedesaan dan pedalaman. Keluarga yang memiliki anggota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa merawatnya dengan cara melakukan pasung. Hal tersebut merupakan salah satu bentuk diskriminasi terhadap orang dengan gangguan jiwa. Pemasungan telah menjadi tradisi bagi orang dengan gangguan jiwa. Pentingnya dukungan dan pendamping dimulai dari keluarga untuk menekan angka kekambuhan dan mengembalikan keberfungsian sosialnya.Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu mencari solusi dari permasalahan tersebut dengan memberikan pemahaman keluarga bahwa peran keluarga sangat penting dalam penyembuhan orang dengan gangguan jiwa. Metode yang digunakan yaitu membentuk kader kesehatan jiwa sebagai upaya penanganan awal dan segera serta pendampingan kepada keluarga maupun klien gangguan jiwa dalam perawatan sehari-hari di rumah dan di masyarakat. jenis kegiatan ini berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan dalam perawatan klien dan keluarga gangguan jiwa bebas pasung. Tempat atau lokasi kegiatan PKM dilaksanakan di RT 02/RW01 Dusun Nangnangan Desa Saronggi Kecamatan Saronggi, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2017 dengan kelompok sasaran adalah lingkungan sekitar warga.Keseluruhan rangkaian kegiatan mendapatkan respon balik dari peserta sehingga pengetahuan peserta tentang penanganan awal gejala pasien gangguan jiwa dapat diaplikasikan dan terbentuk Kader Kesehatan Jiwa oleh Tim PKM Unija di RT 02/RW01 Dusun Nangnangan Desa Saronggi Kecamatan Saronggi. Sosialisasi dan pendampingan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa dilakukan dengan kunjungan rumah oleh Tim PKM UNIJA dengan kader Keswa serta melakukan sosialisasi cara penanganan pasien dengan pasung
ANALISA STRATEGI PERANAN WANITA UMKM DALAM PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN DI KEC. NGANTANG, KAB. MALANG (PENDEKATAN ANALISA SWOT)
Authors: Sayekti RR Nugraheni Suci , Sari Nila Kartika
Published: January 2019

Partisipasi wanita belum seimbang dalam perannya meningkatkan

kesejahteraan keluarganya yang secara tidak langsung dalam pembangunan secara umum, sehingga perlu adanya upaya upaya pemberdayaan agar bisa berfungsi sebagai subyek dan obyek pembangunan, baik secara peran individu, Anggota Keluarga, dan

Warga. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendiskripsikan, menganalisis dan menginterpretasikan aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan: (1) Latar belakang kehidupan sosial Wanita Pelaku UMKM di Desa Ngantang Kab. Malang, (2) Adanya usaha usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarganya, (3) Penciptaan program program yang bisa meningkatkan peran kewirausahaan wanita pelaku UMKM di Desa Kec. Ngantang, Kab. Malang Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini adalah merumuskan strategi yang tepat untuk pelaku Wanita Petani UMKM di Desa Ngantang yaitu mendorong wanita untuk membuka usaha di bidang perdagangan sayuran dan produksi makanan dari bahan sayuran atau hasil pertanian.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MELALUI CITRA PERUSAHAAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN ( Studi Pada Nasabah PT. BRI ( Persero ) Tbk Unit Bantur )
Authors: Darmawan Galih Septian
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh hubungan kualitas layanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, dimana dimediasi melalui citra perusahaan dan kepuasan pelanggan pada nasabah PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk di wilayah khususnya Unit Bantur Malang. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan random sampling sebanyak 98 responden di kantor PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk Unit Bantur. Hasil analisis Partial Least Square (PLS) menunjukkan bahwa ada dua hipotesis yang berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan yaitu kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan di mediasi oleh citra perusahaan. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap citra perusahaan, kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap citra perusahaan, citra perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan

signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan di mediasi kepuasan pelanggan di PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero ) Tbk Unit Bantur.
İSLAMİ BANKALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ ORTADOĞU ÜLKELERİ VE TÜRKİYE BAZINDA KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: GÜNGÖR Bener , NADEMİ Farivar
Published: January 2019

Bu makalenin amacı; orta doğu ülkeleri arasında hızla
büyüyen ve İslami bankacılık sektörünün küreselleşmesinde önemli rol oynayan
altı ülkenin -Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Katar, Kuveyt,
Türkiye ve Bahreyn- finansal performanslarını ölçüp karşılaştırmaktır.

2010 Yılının ilk çeyreği ile 2014 yılının son
çeyreği arasındaki yıllık finansal verileri kullanarak 36 katılım bankasının
karlılık belirleyicileri panel veri analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada
Katılım bankaların karlılığına etki eden farklı içsel ve dışsal değişkenler
seçilmiştir. İki farklı karlılık ölçütü, yani aktif karlılığı (ROA) ve özkaynak
karlılığı (ROE) bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre maliyet
gelir oranı, değişkeninin bağımlı değişken olan ROA ve ROE değişkenini negatif
ve anlımlı bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Özkaynaklar/Toplam
Aktifler ve Toplam Aktifler değişkeninin bağımlı değişken olan ROA ve ROE
değişkenini olumlu ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Tahmin
sonuçlarına göre dışsal değişkenlerin bağımlı değişken olan aktif karlılığı ve
özkaynak karlılığına istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır.
Pengembangan Biogas Kotoran Sapi di Kel. Kedopok Kec. Kedopok Probolinggo
Authors: Alawy Muhamad Taqijjuddin , Pujiwati Istirochah
Published: January 2019

Warga kelurahan Kedopok kec. Kedopok Probolinggo telah lama membudidayakan ternak sapi potong yang dilakukan secara berkelompok. Keberadaan kelompok peternak sapi ini telah mendapatkan dukungan usaha dari dinas peternakan setempat dan pemda Probolinggo namun dirasakan peternak masih kurang karena beberapa sarana penting belum dimiliki diantaranya instalasi biogas.Pekerjaan utama dari peternak adalah petani atau buruh tani dengan pekerjaan sampingan sebagai peternak sapi. Rata-rata tiap peternak memiliki 2-3 ekor sapi yang dikumpulkan jadi 1 kandang milik bersama dan dikelola bersama baik masalah pakan, pengelolaan kandang, bibit sapi, penjualan dan pembelian sapi. Tujuan khusus kegiatan IbM adalah : (1) pengembangan biogas ternak sapi guna meningkatkan kemandirian kelompok peternak sapi masyarakat Kedopok kec. Kedopok Probolinggo. (2) Meningkatkan pengetahuan kelompok peternak sapi dalam mengelola biogas kotoran ternak. Hasil yang dicapai : (1) Tersedianya peralatan berupa instalasi biogas. (2) Terlaksananya pelatihan biogas dan pupuk cair (3) Tersedianya kompor biogas. Dengan mengadakan pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam hal : (1) Membangun instalasi biogas dengan bahan kotoran sapi sebagai sumber energi panas. (2) Pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pemanfaatan instalasi biogas. (3) Melakukan pelatihan dalam membuat pupuk cair.
IbM Kelompok Masyarakat Majelis Ta’lim (Pemberdayaan Majelis Ta’lim Melalui Pengembangan Agroindustri Bawang Merah)
Authors: Hindarti Sri , Sudjoni Mohammad Nurhadi , Khoiriyah Nikmatul
Published: January 2019

Kegiatan Ibm ini bertujuan melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengembangan agroindustri bawang merah goreng. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan pendidikan , pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan bawang merah segar menjadi bawang merah goreng. Hasil pelaksanaan Ibm dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan diikuti sebanyak 21 orang peserta dengan respon sangat mendukung. Sebagian peserta berumur usia 31-40 tahun (38,09%), pekerjaan  ibu rumah tangga ((52,384%), rata-rata pendapatan Rp 300.000,-Perbedaan latar belakang peserta Ibm, menyebabkan perkembangan kemandirian peserta dalam keikutsertaan dalam program Ibm tidak seragam. Dari kegiatan telah terbentuk kelompok pengolah bawang merah goreng dengan nama UD. Khairul Ummah, nama produk bawang merah goreng merk “BagorKu” dan ijin Depkes no P-IRT : P-IRT : 211351801012019. Dari aspek pasar telah terbentuk jaringan pasar baik secara langsung maupun model konsinyasi dengan beberapa Koperasi/ Toko di beberapa kota. Dampak kegiatan adalah kenaikan pendapatan peserta Ibm rata-rata 88,2%. Usaha pengolahan bawang merah goreng layak dikembangkan ditunjukkan nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,4, BEP tercapai saat harga sebesar Rp 134.403,-/ kg atau 15,18 kilogram. Harga pokok penjualan sebesar Rp. 22.500,-/botol @ 100 gram, nilai tambah sebesar 26,6% dan imbalan kepada tenaga kerja sebesar 40,4%, sehingga dapat membantu membuka lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat sekitarnya.
Prevalensi Gejala Sindroma Terowongan Karpal Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Depok
Authors: Amelia Bahar Lusti , Indriarti Werda
Published: January 2019

Sindroma Terowongan Karpal (STK)merupakan suatu kondisi dimana timbul rasa sakit yang
progresif pada tangan dan lengan akibat tertekannya saraf medianus di pergelangan tangan. Saraf medianus merupakan salah satu saraf di tangan yang berjalan melewati suatu terowongan yang terletak di daerah pergelangan tangan. Gejala khas dari STK adalah mati rasa dan kesemutan di ibu jari, telunjuk, tengah, dan setengah radial dari jari manis. Prevalensi STK relatif tinggi pada wanita hamil karena adanya peningkatan berat badan yang signifikan dan perubahan hormon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi gejala STK pada ibu hamil di Puskesma Pancoran Mas Depok. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross sectional dengan teknik survei menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang melakukan antenatal care (ANC) di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Depok periode Maret-September pada tahun 2017, memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Pemilihan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan rumus prevalensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi Sindroma Terowongan Karpal di Puskesmas Pancoran Mas Depok pada periode Maret – September 2017 adalah 32%, gambaran faktor risiko terbanyak adalah wanita hamil multigravida, berat badan > 61 kg, dan usia kehamilan trimester III.
Hubungan Menarche Dengan Tinggi Badan Pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI Angkatan 2013 dan 2014
Authors: Luvianti Luvianti , Qomariyah Qomariyah
Published: January 2019

Menarche adalah perdarahan pertama dari uterus yang terjadi pada seorang wanita. Usia
menarche dapat bervariasi pada setiap individu dan wilayah. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan perempuan yang mengalami menarche lebih awal mempunyai tinggi badan yang rendah dibandingkan dengan perempuan yang mengalami menarche lambat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan menarche dengan tinggi badan pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI angkatan 2013-2014. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 83 mahasiswi. Rentang usia responden yaitu 20-23 tahun. Data akan dianalisa menggunakan metoda Chi Square. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata usia menarche yaitu 12.24±1.16 tahun dan rata-rata tinggi badan yaitu 157,76±5.44 cm. Pada uji statistic menggunakan metoda Chi Square didapatkan P = 0.426 (p>0.05) maka secara statistic tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara menarche dengan tinggi badan.
Infeksi Protozoa Usua Memberikan Profil Respons Imun yang Berbeda
Authors: Andri Damayanti Ndaru , Wibowo Heri , Djauzi Samsuridjal
Published: January 2019

Pajanan mikroorganisme yang bervariasi dan terjadi terus menerus di lingkungan tempat
tinggal berpengaruh terhadap respon imun individu yang mampu memberikan ketahanan seseorang terhadap suatu penyakit. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pajanan protozoa usus di lingkungan tempat tinggal mempengaruhi profil respons imun individu. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 80 orang terdiri dari masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar tempat pembuangan sampah terpadu (TPST) Bantar Gebang, Bekasi, dianggap sebagai populasi dengan kondisi sanitasi dan higiene yang kurang baik. Kelompok pembanding adalah populasi dari mahasiswa perguruan tinggi swasta, yang dianggap sebagai subyek dengan kondisi sanitasi dan higiene yang lebih baik, Sampel yang digunakan adalah darah dan feses. Seluruh data diolah berdasarkan program SPSS 17 for Window. Variasi pajanan mikroorganisme protozoa usus memodulasi ekspresi rasio sitokin proinflamasi (tnf-α, inf-γ,) dan antiinflamasi (IL-10) pada kultur sel darah subyek yang tinggal di lingkungan kumuh lebih rendah dibandingkan subyek yang tinggal di pemukiman nonkumuh (p < 0,01).
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keterlambatan Pasien Stroke Akut Datang ke Lima Rumah Sakit Pemerintah di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Prasetyo Edi
Published: January 2019

Bahaya penyakit stroke umumnya belum disadari secara luas oleh masyarakat sehingga
mengakibatkan kecacatan dan kematian cukup tinggi baik di Indonesia. Disain penelitian potong lintang dengan responden pasien stroke (iskemik maupun hemoragik), serangan pertama maupun berulang yang datang ke lima rumah sakit pemerintah di lima wilayah di DKI Jakarta. Sebanyak 110 subyek digunakan dalam penelitian dan faktor-faktor yang diamati adalah sebaran waktu kedatangan, usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, suku, pengetahuan tentang stroke, gejala klinis, jarak tempat tinggal dengan rumah sakit, tingkat pendapatan, pembiayaan. Karakteristik penderita stroke di rumah sakit pemerintah di lima wilayah DKI Jakarta mayoritas usia produktif, laki-laki, tingkat pendidikan rendah, berpendapatan rendah, umumnya berasal dari suku jawa dan lamanya waktu kedatangan ke rumah sakit lebih dari tiga jam. Faktor yang mempercepat kedatangan adalah jarak antara rumah pasien ke rumah sakit.
Jenis Kelamin dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pemendekan Telomer
Authors: Mustofa M Samsul
Published: January 2019

Berbagai studi tentang telomer mengindikasikan pemendekan telomer terkait dengan
penuaan, dan usia laki-laki lebih pendek dibanding perempuan. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan jenis kelamin, hormon estrogen dan tingkat stres oksidatif terhadap pemendekan telomer.Telomer adalah struktur DNA non-coding untai tunggal tersusun oleh urutan pasangan basa TTAGGG yang berulang. Fungsi telomer adalah menjaga stabilitas dan integritas kromosom agar tidak terjadi penggabungan dengan kromosom lain atau terdegradasi oleh enzim nuklease. DNA telomer disintesis, dan dipelihara oleh telomerase dengan menyalin urutan RNA template. Telomerase terdiri dari Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), Telomerase RNA Componen (TERC), dan dyskerin. Setiap terjadi pembelahan sel, telomer menjadi pendek dan memicu penuaan. Panjang telomer pada bayi normal laki-laki dan perempuan tidak berbeda bermakna. Pada usia tertentu, panjang telomer pada laki-laki lebih cepat memendek yang dipengaruhi faktor mutasi dyskerin, hormon estrogen dan peningkatan stres oksidatif. Hormon estrogen berperan sebagai antioksidan, yang berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas telomerase dan pemendekan telomer pada perempuan.
Penerapan Pendekatan Montessori untuk Menanamkan Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan Cacah pada Siswa TK Putera Zaman Malang
Authors: Cipta Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Teaching counting lessons to kindergarten students is often considered taboo. Some people assume that should not teach counting lessons to children who have not even reached the age of seven years. A long debate arose due to an elementary school admission test that contained numerical questions. Is it true that kindergarten students are not allowed to learn numeracy lesson? The purpose of this study is to introduce a montessori approach, a feasible approach used to teach the concept of counting in kindergarten students.
This research is a qualitative descriptive research conducted on TK A Putera Zaman students. The research begins with the conduct of obeservasi and interview, then proceed with applying montessori approach in learning done with teacher in class.
The results of the research with the stand on the opinion of Maria Montessori that the early age to the age of six years is the phase Absorbent Minds, the child's brain will continue to change, grow rapidly, and open to new stimuli, so kindergarten A students have learned to count. Some steps to embed the concept of counting to the students of Kindergarten A Putera Zaman can be done with the following delivery steps: (1) Introduction to quantity 1 - 10, (2) What is zero, (3) Matching numbers with quantity 0 - 10, (4) Relation of 1 – 10, (5) Basic sum operation, and (8) Basic reduction operation. The result of cultivating the concept of chopping with montessori approach is that students can use mathematics based on reasoning, not just counting without logic.

Keywords: montessori, concept, whole number, counting atkindergarten