bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric analysis of the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature in women with and without stress urinary incontinence: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Hong Christopher X. , Sheyn David D. , Sammarco Anne G. , DeLancey John O.
Published: November 2021

Aims

To evaluate differences in the curvature of the urethral‐vaginal interface in women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using geometric morphometric analysis techniques.

Methods

We conducted a pilot case–control study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 18 women with and without SUI. The urethral‐vaginal interface at the level of the mid‐urethra was fitted with a second‐order polynomial regression. The chord length and chord‐to‐vertex length of the resulting parabolic curve were used to calculate the arc length and radius of a circular arc fitted to the interface curvature. Demographic characteristics and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) parameters were collected. Subjects were stratified by those with and without SUI, as well as by those with and without anterior wall prolapse beyond 2 cm proximal to the hymen (Aa > −2 cm).

Results

The radius of the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature was not found to be different between subjects with and without SUI (8.8 vs. 9.2 mm, p = 0.53); however, this value was smaller in subjects with Aa > −2 (8.4 vs. 11.9 mm, p = 0.03). The chord length, chord‐to‐vertex length, and arc length comprising the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature were similar between subjects with and without SUI, and between subjects with and without Aa > −2 cm (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

In this pilot study population, the radius of the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature at the mid‐urethra was smaller among women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse beyond 2 cm proximal to the hymen. A difference in the urethral‐vaginal interface curvature among women with and without SUI was not found.
Clinical Impact of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in veterans receiving basal‐bolus insulin
Authors: Hopton Olivia M. , Waterbury Nancee V. , Egge Jason A. , Lund Brian C.
Published: November 2021

Background

In 2017, an estimated 7.4 million Americans used insulin to treat diabetes. Insulin is proven to lower A1c but can result in hypoglycemia and weight gain. Combining insulin with a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1‐RA) may provide additional blood glucose control while limiting undesirable effects including weight gain.

Objective

To characterize the clinical impact of adding a GLP‐1‐RA to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used national Veteran's Health Administration data to identify patients with an existing basal‐bolus insulin regimen who initiated a GLP‐1‐RA between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017. A1c, insulin total daily dose (TDD), and weight were collected at GLP‐1‐RA initiation (baseline), 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month time points and then analyzed using an intent‐to‐treat approach with the last observation carried forward. Decreases in A1c ≥ 0.5% and weight ≥2 kg were deemed clinically significant.

Results

Among 7651 patients initiating GLP‐1‐RA therapy, mean A1c had a clinically significant decline at 3, 6, and 12 months by −0.5%, −0.7%, and −0.7%, respectively, from a mean baseline of 9%. Patients with lower baseline A1c levels did not have clinically significant changes in A1c, whereas patients with baseline A1c ≥9% had more clinically significant declines. Insulin TDD decreased by −32, −38, and −42 units/day at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, where the mean decrease in insulin TDD at 12 months was 79 units/day among patients who discontinued bolus insulin (52.3%) compared with a mean decrease of 2 units/day among those who continued bolus insulin. Mean weight reductions at 3, 6, and 12 months were −1.2, −2.3, and −2.9 kg, respectively, from a mean baseline of 120.6 kg.

Conclusion

Combining a GLP‐1‐RA with basal‐bolus insulin had a clinically significant improvement on blood glucose control, lowered insulin TDD, and reduced weight. These outcomes were achieved within 3 to 6 months following GLP‐1‐RA initiation and were maintained through 1 year.
Concordance of biopsy and pathologic ISUP grading in salvage radical prostatectomy patients for recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Preisser Felix , Würnschimmel Christoph , Pose Randi M. , Heinze Alexander , Steuber Thomas , Michl Uwe , Salomon Georg , Mandel Philipp , Graefen Markus , Tilki Derya
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To investigate the concordance of biopsy and pathologic International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading in salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) patients for recurrent prostate cancer.

Methods

Within a high‐volume center database, we identified patients who underwent SRP for recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) between 2004 and 2020. Upgrading, downgrading, concordance, and any discordance between posttreatment biopsy ISUP and ISUP at SRP were tested. Logistic regression models were used to predict ISUP upgrading and ISUP discordance. Models were adjusted for prostatic specific antigen before SRP, age at surgery, initial prostatic specific antigen (PSA), type of primary treatment, time from primary PCa diagnosis to SRP, number of positive cores at biopsy, and original Gleason score.

Results

Overall, 184 patients with available biopsy and pathologic ISUP grading were identified. Of those, 17.4% (n = 32), 40.8% (n = 75), 19.6% (n = 36), and 22.2% (n = 41) harbored biopsy ISUP 1, ISUP 2, ISUP 3, and ISUP 4–5 grading, respectively. Pathologic ISUP 1, ISUP 2, ISUP 3, and ISUP 4–5 grading was recorded in 6.0% (n = 11), 40.8% (n = 75), 32.1% (n = 59), and 21.2% (n = 39), respectively. Median PSA before SRP was 5.5 ng/ml (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.1–8.1 ng/ml), median age at SRP was 65.1 years (IQR:60.7–69.4 years) and median time from original PCa diagnosis to SRP was 47 months (IQR: 27.3–85.2 months). Concordance of biopsy and pathologic ISUP was identified in 45.1% (n = 83). Conversely, any ISUP discordance, upgrading and downgrading of at least one ISUP group was identified in 54.9% (n = 101), 35.3% (n = 65), and 19.6% (n = 36). In logistic models, none of the preoperative characteristics was associated with upgrading or ISUP discordance (all p > 0.1).

Conclusion

Discordance between biopsy and pathologic ISUP grading is common at SRP. However, in 45% of SRP cases biopsy ISUP is capable to predict pathologic ISUP. Further studies are necessary to identify characteristics for ISUP upgrading at SRP.
Phase I clinical trial of HC‐1119 soft capsule in Chinese healthy adult male subjects: Pharmacokinetics and safety of single‐dose proportionality and effects of food
Authors: Ma Haiping , Xu Weidong , Ni Jin , Zhao Naping , Tang Shouyan , Li Song , Cai Tingting , Xiu Jianping , Kang Xin , Gao Shen , Zhang Li , Zhou Tie
Published: November 2021

Background

Preclinical studies showed that HC‐1119, a deuterated version of enzalutamide, could competitively inhibit androgen binding to androgen receptor by blocking the transmission of androgen receptor signaling pathway as enzalutamide, inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and reducing the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Animal pharmacokinetic studies also show that deuterization of enzalutamide as HC‐1119 could retain the basic properties of mother drug, increases the stability of compounds to metabolic enzymes and the drug exposure in vivo, prolong the half‐life and reduce the production of metabolites, which may lead to a better efficacy and safety of HC‐1119 compared with enzalutamide.

Methods

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of HC‐1119 and the effects of food on pharmacokinetics in healthy adult Chinese men after single‐dose administration of HC‐1119. A total of 47 Chinese healthy adult male subjects received HC‐1119 soft capsule at a single oral dose of 40, 80, or 160 mg followed on fasting or 160 mg after high‐fat meal respectively. HC‐1119 prototype and its metabolites M1 and M2 in plasma were collected individually in a total 23 time points. Pharmacokinetics were determined by sensitive LC/MS/MS for dose‐proportionality study.

Results

In subjects taking HC‐1119 soft capsules on fasting, Cmax of HC‐1119 prototype increased dose‐dependently. Either Cmax and AUC0‐∞ of M1 or Cmax of M2 showed statistically significant difference. Dose‐proportionality evaluation showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in Cmax of HC‐1119 prototype, Cmax and AUC0‐∞ of M2 in dose range of 40–160 mg. Cmax of HC‐1119 was significantly different between the two groups as 160 mg HC‐1119 on fasting or after a high‐fat diet respectively, while the other parameter were not. HC‐1119 and its metabolites M1 and M2 showed a linear dynamic trend.

Conclusions

HC‐1119 is expected to have lower clinical dose than the similar drug enzalutamide. The absorption of HC‐1119 and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of HC‐1119 and its metabolites M1 and M2 were not affected by high‐fat diet. The clinical application of HC‐1119 soft capsule in the later stage can be recommended for both fasting and postprandial. The safety and tolerance were good in this population.
Feasibility and accuracy of orthopaedic surgical robot system for intraoperative navigation to locate bone tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ding Guocheng , Yang Gang , Zhang Jiahao , Huang Hongjie , Du Jianing , Ren Shuang , Wang Qining , Zhou Zhihao , Zhang Xin , Ao Yingfang
Published: November 2021

Background

The combination of navigational system and robotics has the potential to accurately identify and drill bone tunnels in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study explores the feasibility and accuracy of bone tunnel positioning using the TiRobot, an orthopaedic surgical robot.

Methods

The experiment was divided into two groups. In group A, the bone tunnels were positioned using the TiRobot surgical robot (n = 8). In group B, handheld locators were used for positioning (n = 8).

Results

TiRobot can be used for positioning the ACL bone tunnel. The accuracy of positioning the femoral tunnel in group A and B was 1.00 ± 0.20 and 3.10 ± 0.59 mm, respectively (t = −9.49, P < 0.001). As for tibial tunnel, the accuracy was 1.02 ± 0.20 and 2.64 ± 0.14 mm, respectively (t = −18.54, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The bone tunnel drilling precision using TiRobot for ACL reconstruction surgery was more accurate than traditional surgical techniques.
MXenes—An Emerging Class of 2D Materials for Solar Water Desalination: Feasibility and Recent Advances
Authors: Sun Xisheng , Jia Xiaohua , Yang Jin , Wang Sizhe , Li Yong , Shao Dan , Song Haojie
Published: November 2021

Solar water desalination (SWD) is considered to be an effective solution to combat fresh water shortage. Therefore, the selection of suitable solar absorbing materials is essential for researchers to consider. 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes) have aroused significant attention in SWD owing to their hydrophilicity, chemical diversity, and special response to light irradiation. Herein, the MXene materials and their research progress in SWD are objectively reviewed and evaluated. First, the synthesis and properties of MXenes are described in terms of rational design and the problems confront when MXenes are applied in water environment, followed by a summary of the recent advances for MXene materials in the SWD field in three aspects, including their interesting photothermal conversion mechanism, feasibility for use as suitable solar absorbers, as well as the representative works. Finally, challenges and opportunities in MXenes‐based SWD systems for future development are discussed in terms of the cost, stability, hidden dangers in practical applications, and possible additional benefits. This review aims to highlight the benefits of MXene materials for SWD and provides a viable scheme toward the design of efficient MXenes‐based photothermal evaporators.
Genetic mapping reveals complex architecture and candidate genes involved in common bean response to Meloidogyne incognita infection
Authors: Giordani Willian , Gama Henrique Castro , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , Huo Heqiang , Benchimol‐Reis Luciana Lasry , Camargo Luis Eduardo Aranha , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco , Vieira Maria Lucia Carneiro
Published: November 2021

Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs), particularly Meloidogyne incognita, are among the most damaging and prevalent agricultural pathogens due to their ability to infect roots of almost all crops. The best strategy for their control is through the use of resistant cultivars. However, laborious phenotyping procedures make it difficult to assess nematode resistance in breeding programs. For common bean, this task is especially challenging because little has been done to discover resistance genes or markers to assist selection. We performed genome‐wide association studies and quantitative trait loci mapping to explore the genetic architecture and genomic regions underlying the resistance to M. incognita and to identify candidate resistance genes. Phenotypic data were collected by a high‐throughput assay, and the number of egg masses and the root‐galling index were evaluated. Complex genetic architecture and independent genomic regions were associated with each trait. Single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosomes Pv06, Pv07, Pv08, and Pv11 were associated with the number of egg masses, and SNPs on Pv01, Pv02, Pv05, and Pv10 were associated with root‐galling. A total of 216 candidate genes were identified, including 14 resistance gene analogs and five differentially expressed in a previous RNA sequencing analysis. Histochemical analysis indicated that reactive oxygen species might play a role in the resistance response. Our findings open new perspectives to improve selection efficiency for RKN resistance, and the candidate genes are valuable targets for functional investigation and gene editing approaches.
Diagnosis and treatment of a low‐grade tracheal B‐cell lymphoma and associated complications in a mixed breed cat
Authors: Hart Julia , Dupré Gilles , Gumpenberger Michaela , Ludewig Eberhard , Cruz Benedetti Inga‐Catalina
Published: November 2021

This case report describes a low‐grade malignant B‐cell lymphoma (lymphocytic lymphoma) in a 14‐year‐old mixed breed cat, diagnosed by bronchoscopy and diagnostic imaging (radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography). The patient was treated with surgery, and postoperative complications included blindness and a severe mycoplasma infection of the thoracic cavity, which was treated using a vacuum‐assisted closure device. Long‐term therapy with prednisolone and chlorambucil and outcome with a survival time of 1385 days after discharge are also presented.
Prevalence of regurgitation and reingestion and occurrence of coprophagy in the North American AZA Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) population
Authors: Tennant Kaylin S. , Dennis Patricia M. , Less Elena H. , Lukas Kristen E.
Published: November 2021

The aims of this study were to determine the current prevalence of regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and gain an insight on the occurrence of coprophagy in the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) population. To do this, an online survey was sent to all AZA accredited gorilla institutions in 2018. This survey collected information on the severity of R/R at the individual level and the occurrence of coprophagy at the zoo level. Previous research suggests more than half of zoo‐housed gorillas in the North American population engaged in R/R and coprophagy to some extent. The current study had a 100% response and completion rate; data were collected on all 296 noninfant gorillas in the population. Responses indicated that 60% of the AZA gorilla population engages in R/R to some degree and 24% of the population are observed exhibiting coprophagy on a weekly basis. With this preliminary information on coprophagy, and the realization that the Zoo community has been unsuccessful at eliminating R/R over the past 30 years, the next steps should be aimed at empirically assessing the potential drivers of these behaviors. Continuing efforts to further understand and eliminate R/R and coprophagy in zoo‐housed primates is important not only because these behaviors are unsightly to visitors, but more importantly, R/R and coprophagy may signal deficiencies in current practices surrounding animal care.
How is the distribution of psychological distress changing over time? Who is driving these changes? Analysis of the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Gondek Dawid , Lacey Rebecca E. , Blanchflower Dawid G. , Patalay Praveetha
Published: November 2021

Aims

The main objective of this study was to investigate distributional shifts underlying observed age and cohort differences in mean levels of psychological distress in the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts.

Methods

This study used data from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (n = 24,707). Psychological distress was measured by the Malaise Inventory at ages 23, 33, 42 and 50 in the 1958 cohort and 26, 34, 42 and 46–48 in the 1970 cohort.

Results

The shifts in the distribution across age appear to be mainly due to changing proportion of those with moderate symptoms, except for midlife (age 42–50) when we observed polarisation in distress— an increase in proportions of people with no symptoms and multiple symptoms. The elevated levels of distress in the 1970 cohort, compared with the 1958 cohort, appeared to be due to an increase in the proportion of individuals with both moderate and high symptoms. For instance, at age 33/34 42.3% endorsed at least two symptoms in the 1970 cohort vs 24.7% in 1958, resulting in a shift in the entire distribution of distress towards the more severe end of the spectrum.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the importance of studying not only mean levels of distress over time, but also the underlying shifts in its distribution. Due to the large dispersion of distress scores at any given measurement occasion, understanding the underlying distribution provides a more complete picture of population trends.
Nachweis der BRAF-V600E-Mutation beim metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom
Authors: Jöhrens Korinna , Fischer Josephine , Möbs Markus , Junker Klaus , Kirfel Jutta , Perner Sven , Laßmann Silke , Werner Martin , Borgmann Vanessa , Bläker Hendrik , Hummel Michael
Published: November 2021

Ringversuche sind ein wichtiges Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung. Dies betrifft in zunehmendem Maße auch die molekulare Diagnostik in der Pathologie, von deren Ergebnissen Therapieentscheidungen in der Präzisionsonkologie direkt abhängen. Beim metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom (mKRK) stand bisher der Nachweis von KRAS-und NRAS-Mutationen im Vordergrund, deren Abwesenheit eine Therapie mit EGFR-blockierenden Antikörpern ermöglicht. Nun ist BRAF als weiterer prädiktiver Marker hinzugekommen, da mKRK Patienten mit einer BRAF-V600E-Mutation nach systemischer Vortherapie von einer Behandlung mit Encorafenib (einem BRAF-Inhibitor) in Kombination mit Cetuximab (Anti-EGFR-Antikörper) profitieren. Aufgrund der 2020 erfolgten Zulassung für diese Behandlung ist es wichtig, dass der diagnostische Nachweis einer BRAF-V600E-Mutation zuverlässig in den Pathologien durchgeführt werden kann. Daher wurde dieser Ringversuch durchgeführt, bei dem der Nachweis der BRAF-V600E-Mutation entweder mittels Immunhistochemie oder molekularer Verfahren erfolgen konnte. Die Ergebnisse des Ringversuchs belegen eindeutig, dass derzeit die molekulare BRAF-V600E-Bestimmung dem immunhistologischen Nachweis überlegen ist.
Comparison of contrast-enhanced MRI features of the (teno)synovium in the wrist of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pediatric controls
Authors: van der Krogt Jeffrey M. A. , Verkuil F. , van Gulik E. Charlotte , Hemke Robert , van den Berg J. Merlijn , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , Kindermann Angelika , Dolman Koert M. , Benninga Marc A. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Maas Mario , Nusman Charlotte M.
Published: November 2021

To directly compare and describe the differences between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and pediatric controls regarding features of the synovial and tenosynovial membrane on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI scans of 25 JIA patients with clinically active wrist arthritis and 25 children without a history of joint complaints nor any clinical signs of joint inflammation were evaluated by two readers blinded to clinical data. The synovium was scored at five anatomical sites based on thickening of the synovium (0–3 scale) and synovial enhancement (0–2 scale). Thickening and/or enhancement of the tenosynovium was scored at four anatomical sites using a 0–3 scale. Significantly higher scores for synovial thickening (median 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001) and synovial enhancement (median 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001) are found in the wrist of JIA patients as compared to controls. JIA patients experienced the highest synovial scores at the mid-/inter-carpal, 2nd –5th carpometacarpal, and radiocarpal joints. No significant difference in tenosynovial scores is found between both groups (median 0 vs. 0, p = 0.220). This study highlights the higher synovial thickening/enhancement scores on contrast-enhanced MRI of the wrist in JIA patients compared to pediatric controls. Tenosynovial thickening and/or enhancement was rarely present in both groups. In JIA patients, synovial thickening and enhancement were particularly present at three anatomical sites. These results substantially support rheumatologists and radiologists when navigating through MRI of the wrist in search for JIA disease activity.
An on-ice aerial survey of the Kane Basin polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulation
Authors: Wiig Øystein , Atkinson Stephen N. , Born Erik W. , Stapleton Seth , Arnold Todd , Dyck Markus , Laidre Kristin L. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Regehr Eric V.
Published: November 2021

There is an imminent need to collect information on distribution and abundance of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to understand how they are affected by the ongoing decrease in Arctic sea ice. The Kane Basin (KB) subpopulation is a group of high-latitude polar bears that ranges between High Arctic Canada and NW Greenland around and north of the North Water polynya (NOW). We conducted a line transect distance sampling aerial survey of KB polar bears during 28 April–12 May 2014. A total of 4160 linear kilometers were flown in a helicopter over fast ice in the fjords and over offshore pack ice between 76° 50′ and 80° N′. Using a mark-recapture distance sampling protocol, the estimated abundance was 190 bears (95% lognormal CI: 87–411; CV 39%). This estimate is likely negatively biased to an unknown degree because the offshore sectors of the NOW with much open water were not surveyed because of logistical and safety reasons. Our study demonstrated that aerial surveys may be a feasible method for obtaining abundance estimates for small subpopulations of polar bears.
Localized time accurate sampling of nonequilibrium and unsteady hypersonic flows: methods and horizons
Authors: Miles Richard , Dogariu Arthur , Dogariu Laura
Published: November 2021

Modern “non-intrusive” optical methods are providing revolutionary capabilities for diagnostics of hypersonic flow fields. They generate accurate information on the performance of ground test facilities and provide local time accurate measurements of near-wall and off-body flow fields surrounding hypersonic test articles. They can follow the true molecular motion of the flow and detect nonequilibrium states and gas mixtures. They can be used to capture a wide range of turbulent scales and can produce highly accurate velocity, temperature and density measurements as well as time-frozen images that provide intuitive understanding of flow phenomena. Recent review articles address many of these methods and their applications. The methods highlighted in this review are those that have been enabled or greatly improved by new, versatile laser systems, particularly including kHz rate femtosecond lasers and MHz rate pulse burst lasers. Although these methods can be applied to combusting environments, the focus of this review is on external high Mach number flows surrounding test articles and wind tunnel core flow properties. The high repetition rates enable rapid time evolving flows to be analyzed and enable the collection of large data sets necessary for statistical analysis. Future capabilities based on the use of atomic vapor filters and on frequency tunable, injection locked MHz rate lasers are promising.
A simple and robust method for calculating temperatures of granitoid magmas
Authors: Duan Meng , Niu Yaoling , Sun Pu , Chen Shuo , Kong Juanjuan , Li Jiyong , Zhang Yu , Hu Yan , Shao Fengli
Published: November 2021

Calculating the temperatures of magmas from which granitoid rocks solidify is a key task of studying their petrogenesis, but few geothermometers are satisfactory. Zircon saturation thermometry has been the most widely used because it is conceptually simple and practically convenient, and because it is based on experimental calibrations with significant correlation of the calculated zircon saturation temperature (TZr) with zirconium (Zr) content in the granitic melt (i.e., TZr ∝ ZrMELT). However, application of this thermometry to natural rocks can be misleading, resulting in the calculated TZr having no geological significance. This thermometry requires Zr content and a compound bulk compositional parameter M of the melt as input variables. As the Zr and M information of the melt is not available, petrologists simply use bulk-rock Zr content (ZrBULK-ROCK) and M to calculate TZr. In the experimental calibration, TZr shows no correlation with M, thus the calculated TZr is only a function of ZrMELT. Because granitoid rocks represent cumulates or mixtures of melt with crystals before magma solidification and because significant amount Zr in the bulk-rock sample reside in zircon crystals of varying origin (liquidus, captured or inherited crystals) with unknown modal abundance, ZrBULK-ROCK cannot be equated with ZrMELT that is unknown. Hence, the calculated magma temperatures TZr using ZrBULK-ROCK have no significance in both theory and practice. As an alternative, we propose to use the empirical equation $$T_{SiO_{2}}$$

T

S
i

O
2

 (°C) = -14.16 × SiO2 + 1723 for granitoid studies, not to rely on exact values for individual samples but focus on the similarities and differences between samples and sample suites for comparison. This simple and robust thermometry is based on experimentally determined phase equilibria with T ∝ 1/SiO2.
Hankel determinants of linear combinations of moments of orthogonal polynomials, II
Authors: Krattenthaler C.
Published: November 2021

We present a formula that expresses the Hankel determinants of a linear combination of length $$d+1$$

d
+
1

of moments of orthogonal polynomials in terms of a $$d\times d$$

d
×
d

determinant of the orthogonal polynomials. This formula exists somehow hidden in the folklore of the theory of orthogonal polynomials but deserves to be better known, and be presented correctly and with full proof. We present four fundamentally different proofs, one that uses classical formulae from the theory of orthogonal polynomials, one that uses a vanishing argument and is due to Elouafi (J Math Anal Appl 431:1253–1274, 2015) (but given in an incomplete form there), one that is inspired by random matrix theory and is due to Brézin and Hikami (Commun Math Phys 214:111–135, 2000), and one that uses (Dodgson) condensation. We give two applications of the formula. In the first application, we explain how to compute such Hankel determinants in a singular case. The second application concerns the linear recurrence of such Hankel determinants for a certain class of moments that covers numerous classical combinatorial sequences, including Catalan numbers, Motzkin numbers, central binomial coefficients, central trinomial coefficients, central Delannoy numbers, Schröder numbers, Riordan numbers, and Fine numbers.
Nanoconfined methane flow behavior through realistic organic shale matrix under displacement pressure: a molecular simulation investigation
Authors: Sun Zheng , Huang Bingxiang , Li Yaohui , Lin Haoran , Shi Shuzhe , Yu Weichao
Published: November 2021

Academic investigations digging into the methane flow mechanisms at the nanoscale, closely related to development of shale gas reservoirs, had attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. At the same time, a good understanding of the complex essence remains challenging, while the broad theoretical scope, as well as application value, possesses great attraction. In this work, with the help of molecular dynamics methods nested in LAMMPS software, a fundamental framework is established to mimic the nanoconfined fluid flow through realistic organic shale matrix. Denoting evident discrepancy with existed contributions, shale matrix in this work is composed of specific number of kerogen molecules, rather than simple carbon-based nanotube. Recently, promotion efforts have been implemented in the academic community with the use of kerogen molecules, however, gas flow simulations are still lacking, and the pore shape in the current papers is always hypothesized as slit pores. The pore-geometry assumption seriously conflicts with the general observation phenomenon according to the advanced laboratory experiments, such as SEM image, AFM technology, that the organic pores tend to have circular pore geometry. In order to fill the knowledge gap, the circular nanopore with desirable pore size surrounded by kerogen molecules is constructed at first. The organic nanopore with various thermal maturity can be obtained by altering the kerogen molecular type, expecting to achieve more physically and theoretically similar to the realistic shale matrix. After that, methane flow simulation is performed by utilization of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, the methane density as well as velocity distribution under different displacement pressures are depicted. Furthermore, detailed discussion with respect to the simulation results is provided. Results show that (a) displacement pressure acts as a dominant role affecting methane flow velocity and, however, fails to affect methane density distribution, a behavior mainly controlled by molecular–wall interactions; (b) the velocity distribution feature appears to be in line with the parabolic law under high atmosphere pressure, which can be attributed to small Knudsen number; (c) the simulation time will be prolonged with larger displacement pressure imposed on nanoconfined methane. Accordingly, this work can provide profound basis for accurate evaluation of nanoconfined gas flow behavior through shale matrix.
Molecular modeling piloted analysis for semicarbazone derivative of curcumin as a potent Abl-kinase inhibitor targeting colon cancer
Authors: Rodrigues Fiona C. , Hari Gangadhar , Pai K. S. R. , Suresh Akhil , Nayak Usha Y. , Anilkumar N. V. , Thakur Goutam
Published: November 2021

The human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switches which promote proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The up-regulated Abl-kinase expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of Abl tyrosine kinase activity in the Matrigel invasion of CRC cells have cemented its significance in CRC advancement. Therefore, the requisite of identifying small molecules which serve as Abl selective inhibitors and designing anti-Abl therapies, particularly for CRC tumors, has driven this study. Curcumin has been touted as an effective inhibitor of cancer cells; however, it is limited by its physicochemical inadequacies. Hence, we have studied the behavior of heterocyclic derivatives of curcumin via computational tools such as pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, free-energy binding, and ADME profiling. The most actively docked molecule, 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide, was comparatively evaluated against Curcumin via molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond, Schrödinger. The study exhibited the improved stability of the derivative as compared to Curcumin in the tested protein pocket and displayed the interaction bonds with the contacted key amino acids. To further establish the claim, the derivatives were synthesized via the mechanism of cyclization of Curcumin and screened in vitro using SRB assay against human CRC cell line, HCT 116. The active derivative indicated an IC50 value of 5.85 µM, which was sevenfold lower as compared to Curcumin’s IC50 of 35.40 µM. Hence, the results base the potential role of the curcumin derivative in modulating Abl-kinase activity and in turn may have potential therapeutic value as a lead for CRC therapy.
Solar Radiation Transmittance Characteristics of Textile Woven Fabrics suitable for Greenhouse covering Materials
Authors: Ray Amal , Ghosh Subrata , Bhowmick Niranjan
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, greenhouse covering materials have a vital role in terms of a protective cultivation process. Many farmers use polyfilms, rigid or semi-rigid plastic panels, and glazing materials as greenhouse covering materials in the present scenario. However, these plastic covering materials are known for their high cost, short service life, and cause of harmful environment. Solar transmittance property is one of the main criteria for choosing any greenhouse covering materials. This study prepares various woven fabrics made of polyester, cotton, and polyester–cotton blend yarns. Their solar transmittance characteristic is analyzed to develop fabric and compare it with a polyethylene film already used as a greenhouse cladding material to substitute for plastic materials. The solar transmission of polyester fabric is achieved as high as 70% in the photosynthesis active radiation, suitable for a commercial greenhouse material. In addition, the polyester fabric has tensile strength and extension much higher than that of commercial plastic greenhouse material.
Wormhole solutions with NUT charge in higher curvature theories
Authors: Ibadov Rustam , Kleihaus Burkhard , Kunz Jutta , Murodov Sardor
Published: November 2021

We present wormholes with a Newman–Unti–Tamburino (NUT) charge that arise in certain higher curvature theories, where a scalar field is coupled to a higher curvature invariant. For the invariants we employ (i) a Gauss–Bonnet term and (ii) a Chern–Simons term, which then act as source terms for the scalar field. We map out the domain of existence of wormhole solutions by varying the coupling parameter and the scalar charge for a set of fixed values of the NUT charge. The domain of existence for a given NUT charge is then delimited by the set of scalarized nutty black holes, a set of wormhole solutions with a degenerate throat and a set of singular solutions.
The cross-entropy and improved distance measures for complex q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy sets and their applications in multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Liu Peide , Mahmood Tahir , Ali Zeeshan
Published: November 2021

The complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Cq-ROFS) is the extension of complex Pythagorean fuzzy set (CPFS) in which the sum of the q-power of the real part (imaginary part) of the support for and the q-power of the real part (imaginary part) of the support against is limited by one; however, it is difficult to express the hesitant information. In this study, the conception of complex q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set (Cq-ROHFS) by combining the Cq-ROFS and hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is proposed, and its properties are discussed, obviously, Cq-ROHFS can reflect the uncertainties in structure and in detailed evaluations. Further, some distance measures (DMs) and cross-entropy measures (CEMs) are developed based on complex multiple fuzzy sets. Moreover, these proposed measures are utilized to solve a multi-criteria decision-making problem based on TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method. Then, the advantages and superiority of the proposed measures are explained by the experimental results and comparisons with some existing methods.
Sprachwissenschaft als Sinnwissenschaft
Authors: Bär Jochen A.
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Anliegen und die bisherige fachdisziplinäre Entwicklung der hermeneutischen Linguistik. Als solche wird eine bis in die Methodologie hinein durchgängig auf die Untersuchung des Sinns sprachlicher Äußerungen und seiner Konstitution ausgerichtete Linguistik verstanden. Ausgehend von einer sinnorientierten Perspektivierung des sprachlichen Zeichens, werden eine Verbindung von Semantik und Grammatik diskutiert und Grundzüge eines integrativen Modells umrissen.
Effects of Dufour and thermal diffusion on unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow through an infinite vertical permeable sheet
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Md. , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Hossain Md. Mosharrof
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the effects of Dufour and thermal diffusion and on unsteady MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) free convection and mass transfer flow through an infinite vertical permeable sheet have been investigated numerically. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved numerically by using the superposition method with the help of “Tec plot” software. The numerical solution regarding the non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and concentration variables against the non-dimensional coordinate variable has been carried out for various values of pertinent numbers and parameters like the suction parameter $$\left( {v_{0} } \right)$$

v
0

, Prandtl number $$\left( {P_{r} } \right)$$

P
r

, magnetic parameter $$\left( M \right)$$

M

, Dufour number $$\left( {D_{f} } \right)$$

D
f

, Soret number $$\left( {S_{0} } \right)$$

S
0

, Schmidt number $$\left( {S_{c} } \right)$$

S
c

, and for constant values of modified local Grashof number $$\left( {G_{{\text{m}}} } \right)$$

G
m

and local Grashof number $$\left( {G_{r} } \right)$$

G
r

.The velocity field decreases for increasing the suction parameter which is focusing on the common fact that the usual suction parameter stabilizing the effect on the boundary layer growth. The thermal boundary layer thickness becomes thinner for rising values of the Dufour and Soret numbers. The skin friction enhances for uplifting values of Soret number and Dufour number but reduces for moving suction parameter, Magnetic force number, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The heat transfer rate increases for increasing the suction parameter, Dufour number, Prandtl number, and Soret number. The mass transfer rate increases for enhancing the values of suction parameter, Magnetic force number, Soret number, and Prandtl number but decreases for Dufour number and Schmidt number.
“If worse comes to worst, my neighbors come first”: social identity as a collective resilience factor in areas threatened by sea floods
Authors: Erfurth Luise M. , Hernandez Bark Alina S. , Molenaar Carin , Aydin Anna Lisa , van Dick Rolf
Published: November 2021

Research on collective resilience processes still lacks a detailed understanding of psychological mechanisms at work when groups cope with adverse conditions, i.e., long-term processes, and how such mechanisms affect physical and mental well-being. As collective resilience will play a crucial part in facing looming climate change-related events such as floods, it is important to investigate these processes further. To this end, this study takes a novel holistic approach by combining resilience research, social psychology, and an archeological perspective to investigate the role of social identity as a collective resilience factor in the past and present. We hypothesize that social identification buffers against the negative effects of environmental threats in participants, which increases somatic symptoms related to stress, in a North Sea region historically prone to floods. A cross-sectional study (N = 182) was conducted to analyze the moderating effects of social identification on the relations between perceived threat of North Sea floods and both well-being and life satisfaction. The results support our hypothesis that social identification attenuates the relationship between threat perception and well-being, such that the relation is weaker for more strongly identified individuals. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find this buffering effect to be present for life satisfaction. Future resilience studies should further explore social identity as a resilience factor and how it operates in reducing environmental stress put on individuals and groups. Further, to help communities living in flood-prone areas better cope with future environmental stress, we recommend implementing interventions strengthening their social identities and hence collective resilience.
The role of perceptions about trade and inequality in the backlash against globalization
Authors: Dluhosch Barbara
Published: November 2021

Many countries in the Western hemisphere are experiencing a political backlash against globalization. When explaining this phenomenon, much of the extant research draws on the distributional effects of international competition, in particular the opposition to trade by those who are adversely affected. Using cross-sectional data on subjective well-being from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and combing these self-reports with trade and incomes data, this paper contributes to this strand of research by focusing on the subjective element in the formation of anti-trade sentiments. It thus explores how the role of international trade in the income distribution is being perceived at the individual level. Simulations based on the data reveal that matters of income inequality are evaluated differently, depending on how deeply the respective economy is integrated into world markets: results suggest that the extent of trade globalization amplifies any negative effect of income inequality on subjective well-being. If the role of international openness in the income distribution is perceived to be more pronounced than it actually is, the subjective element has wider politico-economic implications; it carries the risk of costly anti-trade policies without necessarily narrowing the income distribution.
Shot noise processes with randomly delayed cluster arrivals and dependent noises in the large-intensity regime
Authors: Li Bo , Pang Guodong
Published: November 2021

We study shot noise processes with cluster arrivals, in which entities in each cluster may experience random delays (possibly correlated), and noises within each cluster may be correlated. We prove functional limit theorems for the process in the large-intensity asymptotic regime, where the arrival rate gets large while the shot shape function, cluster sizes, delays, and noises are unscaled. In the functional central limit theorem, the limit process is a continuous Gaussian process (assuming the arrival process satisfies a functional central limit theorem with a Brownian motion limit). We discuss the impact of the dependence among the random delays and among the noises within each cluster using several examples of dependent structures. We also study infinite-server queues with cluster/batch arrivals where customers in each batch may experience random delays before receiving service, with similar dependence structures.
A stochastic matching model on hypergraphs
Authors: Rahme Youssef , Moyal Pascal
Published: November 2021

Motivated by applications to a wide range of areas, including assemble-to-order systems, operations scheduling, healthcare systems, and the collaborative economy, we study a stochastic matching model on hypergraphs, extending the model of Mairesse and Moyal (J. Appl. Prob.53, 2016) to the case of hypergraphical (rather than graphical) matching structures. We address a discrete-event system under a random input of single items, simply using the system as an interface to be matched in groups of two or more. We primarily study the stability of this model, for various hypergraph geometries.
Developing a classification system and algorithm to track community-engaged research using IRB protocols at a large research university
Authors: Zimmerman Emily B. , Raskin Sarah E. , Ferrell Brian , Krist Alex H.
Published: November 2021

Community-engaged research (CEnR) is now an established research approach. The current research seeks to pilot the systematic and automated identification and categorization of CEnR to facilitate longitudinal tracking using administrative data. We inductively analyzed and manually coded a sample of Institutional Review Board (IRB) protocols. Comparing the variety of partnered relationships in practice with established conceptual classification systems, we developed five categories of partnership:Non-CEnR, Instrumental, Academic-led, Cooperative, and Reciprocal.The coded protocols were used to train a deep-learning algorithm using natural language processing to categorize research. We compared the results to data from three questions added to the IRB application to identify whether studies had a community partner and the type of engagement planned. The preliminary results show that the algorithm is potentially more likely to categorize studies as CEnR compared to investigator-recorded data and to categorize studies at a higher level of engagement. With this approach, universities could use administrative data to inform strategic planning, address progress in meeting community needs, and coordinate efforts across programs and departments. As scholars and technical experts improve the algorithm’s accuracy, universities and research institutions could implement standardized reporting features to track broader trends and accomplishments.
Invariant escaping Fatou components with two rank-one limit functions for automorphisms of
Authors: BENINI ANNA MIRIAM , SARACCO ALBERTO , ZEDDA MICHELA
Published: November 2021

We construct automorphisms of
${\mathbb C}^2$
, and more precisely transcendental Hénon maps, with an invariant escaping Fatou component which has exactly two distinct limit functions, both of (generic) rank one. We also prove a general growth lemma for the norm of points in orbits belonging to invariant escaping Fatou components for automorphisms of the form
$F(z,w)=(g(z,w),z)$
with
$g(z,w):{\mathbb C}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb C}$
holomorphic.
Validating efficacy of Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii, Carissa edulis, and Ximenia americana in treating Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kabululu Mwemezi L. , Boa Mathias E.
Published: November 2021

Ethnoveterinary use of plants dates back to ancient times. This study aimed to validate purported efficacy of Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii and a concoction of Carissa edulis and Ximenia americana in treating Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs. Twenty-four infected pigs were randomly allocated to T1, T2, and T0 groups, each with eight pigs. Each T1 pig was provided with 8 g of S. hildebrandtii root powder, whereas each T2 pig was given 8 g of the concoction. T0 was a control. The pigs were slaughtered 16 weeks post treatment and carcase dissections were performed to establish cyst numbers. T1 cyst numbers were significantly lower than those of T0 (p = .004) and T2 (p = .013). No difference was observed between T2 and T0. This study validated efficacy of S. hildebrandtii but not of X. americana and C. edulis. Further studies are necessary for validation and documentation of plants of ethnoveterinary importance.