bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in mechanical properties at the muscle level could be detected by Nakagami imaging during in-vivo fixed-end contractions
Authors: Monte Andrea , Tsui Po-Hsian , Zamparo Paola
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigated the capability of the Nakagami transformation to detect changes in vastus lateralis muscle-tendon stiffness (k) during dynamic (and intense) contractions. k was evaluated in eleven healthy males using the gold-standard method (a combination of ultrasound and dynamometric measurements) during maximal and sub-maximal voluntary fixed-end contractions of the knee extensors (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of maximum voluntary force), while Nakagami parameters were analysed using the Nakagami transformation during the same contractions. Muscle-belly behaviour was investigated by means of B-mode ultrasound analysis, while Nakagami parameters were obtained in post-processing using radiofrequency data. k was calculated as the slope of the force-muscle-belly elongation relationship. Three contractions at each intensity were performed to calculate the intra-trial reliability and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the Nakagami parameters. At all contraction intensities, high values of intra-trial reliability (range: 0.92–0.96) and low CV (<9%) were observed. k and Nakagami parameters increased as a function of contraction intensity, and significant positive correlations were observed between these variables. These data suggest that changes in mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness) at the muscle level could be investigated by means of Nakagami parameters.
Higher intensity exercise after encoding is more conducive to episodic memory retention than lower intensity exercise: A field study in endurance runners
Authors: Makepeace Roger , Craig Michael
Published: September 2024

An acute bout of exercise in the moments after learning benefits the retention of new memories. This finding can be explained, at least partly, through a consolidation account: exercise provides a physiological state that is conducive to the early stabilisation of labile new memories, which supports their retention and subsequent retrieval. The modification of consolidation through non-invasive exercise interventions offers great applied potential. However, it remains poorly understood whether effects of exercise translate from the laboratory to naturalistic settings and whether the intensity of exercise determines the effect in memory. To this end, adult endurance runners were recruited as participants and completed two study sessions spaced two weeks apart. In each session, participants were presented with a list of words and asked to recall them on three occasions: (i) immediately following their presentation, (ii) after a 30-minute retention interval, and (iii) after 24 hours. Crucially, the 30-minute retention interval comprised our experimental manipulation: higher intensity exercise (running) in the first session and lower intensity exercise (walking) in the second, both completed in a naturalistic setting around participants’ existing physical activity training programmes. Exertion was recorded through heart rate and rate of perceived exertion data. Alertness, mood, and arousal ratings were also collected before and after the 30-minute retention interval. Immediate memory for the two wordlists was matched, but participants retained significantly more words after 30 minutes and 24 hours when encoding was followed by higher than lower intensity exercise. Exertion data revealed that participants experienced vigorous and light exercise in the higher and lower intensity conditions, respectively. Significant improvements in alertness, mood, and arousal were observed following both exercise conditions, but especially in the higher intensity condition. These outcomes reveal that experiencing higher intensity physical activity in the field is conducive to declarative memory retention, possibly because it encourages consolidation.
Glutathione transferase P1 is modified by palmitate
Authors: Marensi Vanessa , Yap Megan C. , Ji Yuhuan , Lin Cheng , Berthiaume Luc G. , Leslie Elaine M.
Published: September 2024

Glutathione transferase P1 (GSTP1) is a multi-functional protein that protects cells from electrophiles by catalyzing their conjugation with glutathione, and contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signalling. GSTP1, usually described as a cytosolic enzyme, can localize to other cell compartments and we have reported its strong association with the plasma membrane. In the current study, the hypothesis that GSTP1 is palmitoylated and this modification facilitates its dynamic localization and function was investigated. Palmitoylation is the reversible post-translational addition of a 16-C saturated fatty acid to proteins, most commonly on Cys residues through a thioester bond. GSTP1 in MCF7 cells was modified by palmitate, however, GSTP1 Cys to Ser mutants (individual and Cys-less) retained palmitoylation. Treatment of palmitoylated GSTP1 with 0.1 N NaOH, which cleaves ester bonds, did not remove palmitate. Purified GSTP1 was spontaneously palmitoylated in vitro and peptide sequencing revealed that Cys48 and Cys102 undergo S-palmitoylation, while Lys103 undergoes the rare N-palmitoylation. N-palmitoylation occurs via a stable NaOH-resistant amide bond. Analysis of subcellular fractions of MCF7-GSTP1 cells and a modified proximity ligation assay revealed that palmitoylated GSTP1 was present not only in the membrane fraction but also in the cytosol. GSTP1 isolated from E. coli, and MCF7 cells (grown under fatty acid free or regular conditions), associated with plasma membrane-enriched fractions and this association was not altered by palmitoyl CoA. Overall, GSTP1 is modified by palmitate, at multiple sites, including at least one non-Cys residue. These modifications could contribute to regulating the diverse functions of GSTP1.
Development of a breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention pathway for women aged 30–39 years: Views of UK primary care providers on the role of primary care
Authors: Hindmarch Sarah , Gorman Louise , Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Woof Victoria G. , Howell Sacha J. , French David P.
Published: September 2024

Background

Identifying women aged 30–39 years at increased risk of developing breast cancer would allow them to receive screening and prevention offers. For this to be feasible, the practicalities of organising risk assessment and primary prevention must be acceptable to the healthcare professionals who would be responsible for delivery. It has been proposed that primary care providers are best placed to deliver a breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention pathway. The present study aimed to investigate a range of primary care provider’s views on the development and implementation of a breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention pathway within primary care for women aged 30–39 years.

Methods

Twenty-five primary care providers working at general practices in either Greater Manchester or Cambridgeshire and Peterborough participated in five focus groups (n = 18) and seven individual interviews. Data were analysed thematically and organised using a framework approach.

Results

Three themes were developed. Challenges with delivering a breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention pathway within primary care highlights that primary care are willing to facilitate but not lead delivery of such a pathway given the challenges with existing workload pressures and concerns about ensuring effective clinical governance. Primary care’s preferred level of involvement describes the aspects of the pathway participants thought primary care could be involved in, namely co-ordinating data collection for risk assessment and calculating and communicating risk. Requirements for primary care involvement captures the need to provide a training and education package to address deficits in knowledge prior to involvement. Additionally, the reservations primary care have about being involved in the management of women identified as being at increased risk are discussed and suggestions are provided for facilitating primary care to take on this role.

Conclusions

Despite optimism that primary care might lead a breast cancer risk assessment and primary prevention pathway, participants had a range of concerns that should be considered when developing such a pathway.
Accumulation of production capital and income growth of Chinese farmers in the post-poverty alleviation era: A study based on a two-way fixed effects model with CFPS data
Authors: Liu Zhao
Published: September 2024

Agricultural mechanization is a crucial indicator of modernization in agriculture. It improves productivity and underpins the evolution of a modern state. This study scrutinizes the enduring effects of government subsidies on farm machinery acquisition, income growth, and capital accumulation in rural households. It is based on policies about targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Research findings indicate that government subsidies have significantly increased the per capita net income of rural households. However, in the post-poverty alleviation era, for households that already possess agricultural machinery, the benefits brought by government subsidies in the early stages of the policy cycle tend to diminish over time. From 2016 to 2020, government subsidies continued to enhance the value of agricultural machinery in rural households. Their impact on ownership rates first slightly declined and then increased again. The promotional effect in 2020 was not significantly better than in 2016. When China is fighting against poverty, it is essential to encourage rural households to use their income and government subsidies to accumulate production capital. A long-term mechanism has been established to protect the achievements of poverty alleviation, promote agricultural mechanization and rural modernization, and support rural revitalization.
The impact of digital transformation of commercial banks on household income: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yuran , Huang Ruoxuan , Zhang Yuying , Shuai Qinghong
Published: September 2024

Scholars have focused on the digital transformation of commercial banks, yet there remains a lack of systematic and integrative research at the micro-level of household finance. This article uses data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and the Digital Transformation Index of Chinese Commercial Banks from Peking University. It employs empirical methods such as mechanism analysis and heterogeneity analysis to explore the impact of the digital transformation of commercial banks on household income. The findings indicate that the digital transformation of commercial banks significantly enhances household income. Second, increasing credit availability, fostering the development of digital inclusive finance, enhancing entrepreneurial possibilities, and increasing the purchase of wealth management products are key pathways through which digital transformation affects household income. Third, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effects of digital transformation on household income are more pronounced in the central and western regions, areas with lower financial industry competition, regions with underdeveloped inclusive finance, rural areas, and among low-income families. This study highlights the significant role that the digital transformation of commercial banks plays in enhancing the welfare of the resident sector.
The reproducibility and predictivity of radiomic features extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ibrahim Abdalla , Guha Siddharth , Lu Lin , Geng Pengfei , Wu Qian , Chou Yen , Yang Hao , Wang Delin , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Xie Chuan-miao , Zhao Binsheng
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To assess the reproducibility of radiomic features (RFs) extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) scans of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with regards to inter-observer variability and acquisition timing after contrast injection. The predictive ability of reproducible RFs for differentiating between the degrees of HCC differentiation is also investigated.

Methods

We analyzed a set of DCE-CT scans of 39 patients diagnosed with HCC. Two radiologists independently segmented the scans, and RFs were extracted from each sequence of the DCE-CT scans. The same lesion was segmented across the DCE-CT sequences of each patient’s scan. From each lesion, 127 commonly used RFs were extracted. The reproducibility of RFs was assessed with regard to (i) inter-observer variability, by evaluating the reproducibility of RFs between the two radiologists; and (ii) timing of acquisition following contrast injection (inter- and intra-imaging phase). The reproducibility of RFs was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), with a cut-off value of 0.90. Reproducible RFs were used for building XGBoost classification models for the differentiation of HCC differentiation.

Results

Inter-observer analyses across the different contrast-enhancement phases showed that the number of reproducible RFs was 29 (22.8%), 52 (40.9%), and 36 (28.3%) for the non-contrast enhanced, late arterial, and portal venous phases, respectively. Intra- and inter-sequence analyses revealed that the number of reproducible RFs ranged between 1 (0.8%) and 47 (37%), inversely related with time interval between the sequences. XGBoost algorithms built using reproducible RFs in each phase were found to be high predictive ability of the degree of HCC tumor differentiation.

Conclusions

The reproducibility of many RFs was significantly impacted by inter-observer variability, and a larger number of RFs were impacted by the difference in the time of acquisition after contrast injection. Our findings highlight the need for quality assessment to ensure that scans are analyzed in the same physiologic imaging phase in quantitative imaging studies, or that phase-wide reproducible RFs are selected. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of reproducibility and quality control when using RFs as biomarkers for clinical applications.
Donante de leche con ceguera: un reto posible
Authors: Marín Gabriel Miguel Ángel , Manrique Díaz María Cruz , Martínez Yestec María Ángeles , Rojo Ferrer Ángeles , Muñoz Labián María Del Carmen
Published: September 2024

Introducción
Resulta imprescindible disponer de unos criterios estrictos de selección de donantes de leche para asegurar la calidad y seguridad de este producto biológico. Dentro de los criterios de exclusión no está contemplado el diagnóstico de ceguera en la futura donante. Presentamos el primer caso en nuestro medio de una donante con ceguera, así como las herramientas empleadas durante la entrevista.
Descripción
Se pasó un cuestionario telefónico abreviado para valorar el cumplimiento de los criterios mínimos. Se realizó una traducción a Braille de la información más relevante relacionada con la extracción y conservación de la leche donada. Se llevó a cabo un adiestramiento táctil con la madre, consistiendo éste en la manipulación detallada de todos los elementos del extractor guiada por las manos de uno de los profesionales para asegurar la correcta identificación de los mismos y una formación supervisada en higiene de manos. Finalmente se acordó llevar a cabo un seguimiento telefónico estrecho. Desde su aceptación, esta donante ha proporcionado 26.6 litros a 51 receptores.
Discusión
Es necesario, con el fin de garantizar la igualdad de acceso a los Bancos de Leche, proporcionar información verbal y traducir a Braille los documentos relacionados con la donación a las mujeres con ceguera que se plantean esta posibilidad. Así mismo parece mandatorio adaptar las herramientas de formación de estas mujeres durante la entrevista con el fin de obtener una leche que cumpla con los criterios de calidad requeridos.
Magyarország egy osztrák humanista szemével
Authors: Csapó Fanni
Published: September 2024

Kutatásaim fókuszában Wolfgang Lazius latin nyelvű Magyarország-chorográfiája, a Regni Hungariae Archaeologiae libri tres áll. Wolfgang Lazius, a 16. századi bécsi humanista, igazi polihisztor volt, az orvoslás mellett a történetírásnak és a térképészetnek szentelte az életét. Rendkívül termékeny szerző volt, ám orvosi jellegű elméleti munkákat nem hagyott az utókorra, sokkal inkább térképészként és történészként vívott ki magának hírnevet. Bár számos tanulmány született Lazius munkásságát illetően, de azok leginkább a térképészeti tevékenységére koncentrálnak. Az életmű javát kitevő azon történeti tárgyú írások közül nyomtatásban megjelent munkákat vizsgálták, azok, amelyek kéziratban maradtak fent, az utóbbi évtizedben kerültek a kutatás fókuszába. A disszertáció jelentősége is abban áll, hogy Lazius egyik kéziratban maradt művét, egy olyan szöveget, vizsgál, ami pont a kéziratossága miatt elkerülte mind a magyar, mind a nemzetközi kutatók figyelmét.
Tekintetbe venni az élet prózáját
Authors: Kerpics Judit
Published: September 2024

A 19. századi magyar irodalom végtelen gazdagságából egy olyan életműre esett a választásom, amely a hétköznapi kultúrát és a hétköznapi kultúrafogyasztót állítja a középpontba. A kanonizált és az idők próbáját kiállt szerzőktől oldalra lépve kisebb-nagyobb sikerű írók cikkeitől, novelláitól, regényeitől nyüzsgő sajtóélet tárul fel a 19. századi irodalmi piacon. Ők a hétköznapok szerzői és a gyakorlatias próza művelői. Ezen szerzők egyre népesebb csoportját képezték frissen felemelkedő írónők, ám közülük csak kevesen jutottak el odáig, hogy az írás valódi kenyérkereső foglalkozássá váljék számukra. A következőkben egy olyan szerző pályáját fogom bemutatni, aki az 1850-es 1860-as években gyakorlatias prózájával a sikeresebb szerzők közé tartozott. A francia divatról szóló cikkeivel olvasottságot szerző Jósika Júlia a brüsszeli emigráció ideje alatt kétirányú kulturális transzferben találta meg az írói alkatához és a piaci igényekhez leginkább illeszkedő szerepet. Pályája Jósika Miklós regényeinek németre fordításával indult, emigrációjuk első éveiben ugyanis Jósika könyvei nem jelenhettek meg a magyar könyvpiacon. Később egymást követték saját, magyar nyelvű szépirodalmi művei; szerkesztett kalendáriumot, és több pesti hetilap állandó munkatársa volt a nyugat-európai kulturális-, tudományos-, és gazdasági hírek, valamint a brüsszeli hétköznapok közvetítésével; ezen kívül törekedett a magyar irodalom külföldi népszerűsítésére francia nyelven is. A Jósika Júliáról szóló diskurzus állandó eleme a prózájának gyakorlatias mivoltára vonatkozó reflexió. Műveinek egy része direkt módon hétköznapi felhasználásra szolgált, fikciós prózája pedig indirekt módon képviselte ugyanazt a normatív igényt, ami az olvasók viselkedésformálására irányult. A Nyugat-Európában már korábban és nagyobb mértékben elterjedt divatos kiadványok magyar kulturális adaptációja nem hagyható figyelmen kívül Jósika Júlia műveinek vizsgálatakor. Normatív szándék és nyugati hatások – ezek a Jósika Júlia-életmű talán legfontosabb kulcsai.
Collective Trauma in Early Modern English Revenge Tragedy
Authors: Mike Laura
Published: September 2024

Disszertációmnak, amely a koramodern angol bosszúdrámát az angol reformáció eseményeinek összefüggésében vizsgálja, két elméleti alappillére van: az egyik a kulturális emlékezet, a másik a kollektív trauma iskolája. A két megközelítési mód egy harmadik, történelmi jelenségre alapoz: az angol reformáció revíziójára. Azt a hatalmas kulturális fordulatot, amit a folyamatosan fluktuáló angol reformáció hozott, egyre több történész és irodalomtudós írja le traumaként. Állításom szerint az angol reformáció felért egy kollektív traumával. Ennek vizsgálata során elsősorban egy adott közösség életét vesszük szemügyre, ebből következik a második nagy különbség az egyéni traumákhoz képest: a kollektív trauma esetén az elfojtás szinte lehetetlen. A privát kommunikációt lehetetlen elfojtani, bárhogy is igyekszik erre az államszervezet. Ezért a kollektív trauma fontos vizsgálódási szempontja nem az elfojtás, mint a pszichoanalitikus megközelítés esetében, hanem a reprezentáció, illetve ennek problémái. A kollektív trauma reprezentációja egy olyan konfliktusos kulturális térben zajlott, ahol a hegemonikus erő-relációk miatt a domináns, állami narratívák vetekedtek az elhallgattatni kívánt, cenzorált, de mégis fel-felbukkanó nem-hivatalos narratívákkal. A reformáció kulturális-kollektív traumája a reprezentáció tárgya lesz olyan fontos kulturális szövegekben, mint az építészet és a kalendárium (azaz a tér és az idő), és az általam legfontosabbnak tartott médiumban, a koramodern bosszútragédiákban. Ez a trauma jelenik meg, a cenzúra miatt burkolt módon a bosszútragédiák különösen véres műfajában. A kollektív trauma főbb tartalmai: az első komponens a tanatológiai válság. A második komponens az áldozati válság, aminek két további összetevője volt: az egyik az eukarisztia változása és a jelentése körül dúló ádáz viták, a másik a mártírok halála körüli ambivalencia. Állításom szerint ezen kollektív trauma elsődleges tanúi a koramodern bosszútragédiák voltak, és a disszertációm második felében ezeket a drámákat elemzem öt műben: Thomas Kyd The Spanish Tragedy, William Shakespeare Titus Andronicus, John Marston Antonio’s Revenge, Thomas Middleton The Maiden’s Tragedy, John Webster The Duchess of Malfi.
Fostering practically based learning spaces through industry-engaged higher education models
Authors: Emms Katherine , Kersh Natasha , Laczik Andrea
Published: September 2024

This article aims to identify settings where joint working in third space occurs between academics and other professionals supporting educational outcomes and through the development and sustainability of unique learning environments that link academic provision and work-related learning. Specifically, the focus of the article is on the preparation of higher education students for the world of work, facilitating links between academic studies and practical experiences. It aims to unpack the ways in which higher education institutions respond to the complexities of the changing labour market and develop approaches when moving their academic provision towards a more work-related provision to enable students to engage with industries and learn alongside professionals. An explorative, qualitative case study approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with staff members from two universities. Findings indicate that the crossover between theoretical learning, practical experiences and employer engagement involves continuous boundary crossing of in-between spaces (for example, intersections between higher education and work) to foster the effective development of skills and expertise of students necessary for the contemporary world of work. The case study universities showed that engaging with third spaces contributes to integrating academic and practical learning, and introduces students to industry-engaged higher education, enhancing employability skills. Through these spaces, students can experience unknown challenges in the context of a constantly changing world of work. The findings suggest that this requires an enabling learning ecosystem, underpinned by a range of components, including continuous stakeholder collaboration, curriculum development and integration of theory and practice.
Two-Step Reaction for Biodiesel Synthesized from a High-Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Kernel Oil
Authors: Kurniasih Eka , Rahmi Rahmi , Supardan Muhammad Dani , Darusman Darusman
Published: September 2024

Biodiesel was synthesized through a two-step reaction using crude palm kernel oil with high-free fatty acids (FFAs) and methanol. The two-step reaction involves esterification and transesterification. Esterification was carried out with a variation of H2SO4 (10%, 15%, and 20% w/v) at 65 °C for 120 min. Esterification produced fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with an ester content of 67.56%. FAME was used as feedstock for transesterification. Transesterification was carried out with variations in reaction time (120, 180, and 240 min) at 65 °C in addition to NaOH 0.5% (w/w). Transesterification produced biodiesel, glycerol, and soap (side product). Biodiesel was separated using decantation and washing with warm distilled water at 40 °C. The optimum biodiesel was obtained at 180 min with 96.59% ester content. The characteristics of the optimum biodiesel were an FFAs of 0.2 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 20.12 g I2/100 g, density of 0.86 g/mL, kinematic viscosity of 2.51 mm2/s water content of 0.031%, ash content of 0.02%, cetane number of 60.8, flash point of 120 °C. Biodiesel has strong band spectra for C-H on 2,922.70 cm–1, C=O on 1,739.38 cm–1, C-H2 on 1,460.25 cm–1, C-O on 1,197.29 cm–1, and O-H on 3,425.10 cm–1. In conclusion, a two-step reaction is an effective method to synthesize biodiesel using CPKO with high FFAs as feedstock.
Implikasi Kinerja Otak Terhadap Pembelajaran Psikomotorik di SD/MI
Authors: Prastowo Andi
Published: September 2024

Tantangan pendidikan nasional Indonesia dalam bentuk kualitas sumber daya manusia yang rendah, terutama dalam aspek hardskill menunjukkan rendahnya kualitas pengembangan dan domain psikomotor pembelajaran di tingkat sekolah dasar dan madrasah ibtidaiya. Untuk itu diperlukan pembaharuan pembelajaran psikomotor berdasarkan bagaimana otak manusia. Seperti yang kita ketahui dari penelitian terbaru bahwa berbagai perkembangan dan penemuan terbaru di bidang ilmu saraf telah membawa temuan sangat membantu dalam meningkatkan efektivitas proses pembelajaran, termasuk domain psikomotor. Dalam hal ini, ada tiga bagian otak yang memiliki peran penting dalam mengatur dan mengelola bagaimana manusia mempelajari keterampilan baru, yaitu lobus frontal, korteks motorik, dan serebelum. Adapun keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran, kegiatan pembelajaran psikomotorik harus dilakukan melalui tahap pembentukan rencana, tahap pelatihan praktik yang dipandu diikuti dengan praktik mandiri, dan tahap otonom.
120 Let Krajkářské školy: krajkářská tvorba, tkaní, tisk, textilní hračka
Authors: Barhoňová Vladislava
Published: September 2024

Autor výstavy: PhDr. Jana Horneková; Komisař výstavy: PhDr. Jana Horneková; Výtvarná realizace: Jan Duspěva; Výstavu uspořádala Střední umělecká škola textilních řemesel v Praze u příležitosti 120. výročí založení vídeňské instituce k. k. Zentral-Spitzenkurs. Ta zastřešovala dosavadní krajkářské školy, z nichž první založila v roce 1767 císařovna Marie Terezie. V návaznosti na tuto strukturu vznikl v Československu v roce 1919 Státní ústav školský pro domácký průmysl. Střední umělecká škola textilních řemesel, působící v Praze od roku 1995, je pak poslední v řadě institucí vybudovaných na tomto základu.
When Uncertainty is the Only Constancy
Authors: Kluszczyńska Marta
Published: September 2024

This article aims to describe the situation of young Sahrawi migrants who live in Spanish cities and work in precarious conditions. To analyze and describe this phenomenon, I will use Sherry Ortner’s agency theory, focusing on the important aspects of values, social norms, and interdependent agency. The migration of Sahrawis from refugee camps in Tindouf (Algeria) is a consequence of the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the camps, diminishing international aid, and increasing inflation – a context in which migration to Europe is the best choice for supporting one’s family. Nonetheless, the situation for young Sahrawis in Spain is often one of precarious work, temporary legal status, and frequent changes of residence. Within systemic constraints, however, the strategies (e.g., career strategies) of Sahrawis can be understood as agency-as-project – in which crucial cultural values make it more important to support one’s family and loved ones living in the camps rather than to a mass financial capital. As a result, temporariness is the only constant characteristic of the life of this group of refugees, which is visible as a lack of long-term plans or opportunities related to migration.
Radek Vorlíček: Jak se daří inkluzi u nás a na Slovensku. Pohled do konkrétních škol
Authors: Šimečková Anna
Published: September 2024

A review of the book by Radek Vorlíček.
The potential impact of legality requirements for China’s imported timber: a global forest product model‐based analysis
Authors: Ke S. , Zhang Z. , Wang Y.
Published: September 2024

Utilizing the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM), this paper analyzes the potential impacts of China’s timber import legality requirement policies. Two alternative scenarios are compared with the baseline scenario: (1) China requires that imported timber must comply with the
requirements of Verified Legal Compliance (VLC), (2) China imposes tighter requirements for imported timber, which must come from sustainably managed forests and meet Forest Certification (FC) requirements. The results show a decline in log production but an increase in processed wood exports
to high‐risk countries, suggesting a move towards more valuable wood processing. Both high‐ and low‐risk countries are expected to see an increase in forest stocks. Welfare analysis indicates that high‐risk countries will benefit from industrial upgrades, while
China might face welfare losses. Nevertheless, the enforcement of legal standards for timber imports into China is likely to enhance the perceived legitimacy of the sources of domestic timber materials, thereby facilitating the re‐entry of processed timber products into developed markets.
This study proposes that China’s timber import regulations could offer mutual advantages, aiding in the fight against illegal logging and encouraging the legal timber trade.
A guiding framework for implementing forest landscape restoration in the tropics
Authors: Sabogal C. , Blaser J. , Mansourian S.
Published: September 2024

Interest in forest landscape restoration (FLR) is high, but there is limited guidance on how to implement it. In this contribution, we aim to synthesise the salient points of the voluntary FLR guidelines developed by ITTO (2020) and demonstrate their application through three case studies.
The objectives of the ITTO guidelines are to increase the positive contributions of trees and forests to the ecological health, productivity and resilience of tropical forest landscapes and to generate forest products. The guidelines elaborate on the six principles of the Global Partnership
on FLR, through a set of 32 guiding elements (GE) intended to promote enabling conditions for successful FLR implementation and outcomes. Going forward, we propose three tangible mechanisms to improve use of the guidelines: 1) bringing key elements of the guidelines into other global conventions
interested in restoration; 2) running regional capacity building workshops for middle-level practitioners and decision-makers; and 3) a mechanism to collect lessons emerging from their implementation.
The Interplay of Humans, Technology, and Organizations in Realizing AI’s Productivity Promise
Authors: Hölzle Katharina , Rose Robert , Kaschub Verena Lisa
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace is at a nascent stage, presenting both substantial opportunities and challenges for productivity growth. We argue that AI’s potential will only be truly realized through strategic investments in human skills and comprehensive organizational redesign. Drawing on interdisciplinary insights, we highlight the critical role of AI-human collaboration, continuous workforce skill development, and adaptive organizational practices. We conclude with recommendations to create a human-centered environment conducive to AI-driven productivity gains through its assistance, augmentation, and automation capabilities.
“Teachers of Good Things”: Origen on Women as Teachers
Authors: Munkholt Maria
Published: September 2024

Origen expected elderly women and men to be “teachers of good things” in Christian congregations (cf. Titus 2:2–3), and he allowed women to give “spiritual instruction” to younger women. He wrote that women can have “pure minds” and receive divine revelations. At the same time, he followed the (Deutero-)Pauline prohibitions on women to speak and teach in church. This article investigates Origen’s argumentation and his emphases when mentioning female teachers, in order to determine to which degree it is based on theological principles, and where he is following social norms. Why is it, as Origen writes in his Commentary on 1 Corinthians (in catena), shameful for a woman to speak in church, “even if she should speak marvelous and holy words”?
Techniques for Filling Losses in Palm Leaf Manuscripts
Authors: Dong Danhua , Yu Chen
Published: September 2024

Palm leaf manuscripts may suffer from various types of damage, one of the most common types being areas of loss caused by insects or mechanical force. The conservation community has not yet found convincing methods and materials for filling areas of loss in palm leaves, and there is a lack of research on the long-term behaviour of such infills. With this publication we would like to contribute to the understanding of infill materials and their effects on palm leaf objects. Pulp made from mulberry bark paper, from palm leaf, and mixed pulp were used to fill small holes, and pieces of palm leaves were used to repair large missing parts. Our results indicate that the best way to repair small holes is to use mixed pulp. Both overlapping and insert repair techniques could be used for large missing areas. With these conservation techniques, the mechanical strength of the samples could be improved while obtaining a satisfactory visual appearance. The infills exhibited varying levels of stability during artificial aging tests. This study was the first attempt to get an overview over the properties of above-mentioned materials and conservation techniques which are in accordance with the principles of reversibility and minimal intervention. A better understanding of the applicability and behaviour of loss repair techniques and materials is essential for the long-term preservation of palm leaf manuscripts and will assist collections in preservation efforts.
Explaining Vaccine Action with an Analogy
Authors: De Smet Chanel , Nation Jasmine , Yep Alejandra , Henriquez Alan
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to teaching how vaccines work in the body, and introduces a community outreach project and activity we piloted with youth. Our Nuestra Ciencia program addresses scientific misconceptions among bilingual elementary school children in engaging and scientifically accurate ways. Utilizing analogies and storytelling, one of our lessons simplifies the complex microbiology concept of the mechanism of action of vaccines. We underscore the issue with conveying this concept through accurate visuals, supported by our research that revealed that less than 1% of cartoons available online accurately depict how vaccines work. The analogy we developed and showcase in this paper employs relatable characters: the virus as a robber, the immune system as a superhero, and the vaccine as a “most wanted” poster. The activities include a skit and storyboard session, enabling students to act out the analogy and create their own imaginative scenarios. By targeting young learners, this lesson aims to prevent long-standing misconceptions and empower future generations to make informed decisions about vaccination. Nuestra Ciencia offers a promising model for combating vaccine hesitancy and promoting public health through effective science communication.
All Research Summaries Are Scientific, but Some Are More Scientific Than Others?—Indications for a Mediation of the Relationship Between Author and Text Scientificness Through Perceived Scientificness
Authors: Jonas Mark , Rosman Tom
Published: September 2024

Especially in times characterized by abundant misinformation, knowledge on fostering trust as a scientist is crucial. Previous studies have found that readers rate texts displaying a scientific style as more credible and show higher agreement with their message, a phenomenon called “scientificness effect”. However, it is unclear how strongly the relationship between scientific text features and trust is influenced by readers’ subjective scientificness perceptions, and if such an influence can also be found on an author level. We thus conducted an experimental online study with N = 838 German-speaking layreaders. Participants read two research summaries with randomized levels of author and text scientificness (low vs. high). After each text, they rated the scientificness and the trustworthiness of the author and the text. Mediation analyses provided preliminary evidence for our hypotheses. Under the assumptions of our model, perceived scientificness was found to be a mediator of the scientificness-trustworthiness relationship on an author and text level. Limitations regarding our cross-sectional mediation design are discussed. Based on our results, we offer suggestions for future research and perspectives for future theory-building.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER-DIVERSE PATIENTS: Psychosocial counseling of transgender and gender-diverse individuals in fertility and reproductive medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Cummings Peter , Lawson Angela
Published: September 2024

In brief

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people have similar desires for parenting as cisgender individuals but are likely to face greater barriers in accessing fertility treatment than their cisgender peers. Mental health professionals are well-positioned to advocate for and support TGD individuals seeking fertility care through pre-fertility treatment implications counseling regarding the psychosocial aspects of fertility treatment and family building.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals experience significantly greater all-cause mortality and mental health disparities compared to their cisgender peers. Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a safe and effective treatment option for gender dysphoria that dramatically improves psychosocial health outcomes but may adversely impact fertility. Medical society guidelines recommend medical fertility preservation (FP) counseling and pre-fertility treatment psychoeducational implications consultation from qualified, reproductive mental health professionals (MHPs) for TGD individuals pursuing FP or third-party reproductive treatment. However, sparse literature exists specific to the structure of mental health psychoeducational consultation for TGD individuals pursuing FP. This narrative review highlights important areas for discussion in pre-fertility treatment mental health consultations. Results indicate that implications counseling should be conducted by an MHP with specialized training in reproductive mental health with TGD populations to reduce the risk of harm and promote successful emotional navigation of fertility treatment. Such counseling should be psychoeducational and not gatekeeping in nature and may include consideration of the psychosocial (e.g. emotional, relational, ethical, spiritual, social) risks and benefits of various family-building options. During these consultations, TGD individuals can explore their hopes and fears related to fertility and future family-building plans and discuss realistic treatment expectations, individual strengths, coping and communication strategies, and identify key support network members who may aid in navigating the fertility treatment process. MHPs can provide referrals to appropriate resources if necessary to help TGD individuals navigate treatment while coping with psychological symptoms and promoting behavior change.
Aportes del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano contemporáneo para el abordaje de las migraciones internacionales como una problemática mundial de la actualidad
Authors: Escudero-Durán María Lorena , Orellana-Moscoso Abrahán Felipe
Published: September 2024

The article examines the significant contribution of contemporary Latin American critical thinking to the understanding of international migrations as a current global issue. It emphasizes the need to approach the migratory phenomenon in a transdisciplinary manner, while analyzing the marked disparities present in the world and the lack of coherent responses in a globally interconnected context driven more by the interests of capital than by human needs. The article highlights the importance of incorporating the perspective of the "other" in a comprehensive approach to migrations, emphasizing the crucial consideration of human rights as an integral component of migration policies. Furthermore, it posits the thesis that the current treatment and management of international migrations have failed, being approached from a securitist model and from the perspective of the nation-state, where preeminence lies in migration control and economic interests. Conversely, it emphasizes the need to address this complex issue from an integral perspective, within the framework of North-South asymmetrical relations, acknowledging that forced migration is one of the manifestations of a civilizational crisis that humanity is undergoing. This theoretical approach is made viable through the foundations of contemporary critical theory and Latin American philosophy, providing a contextualized perspective for understanding the complexity of migratory dynamics.
Composite materials and environmentally friendly alternatives for use in aircraft applications, including furniture
Authors: Bülbül Zübeyde
Published: September 2024

In this study, the importance of the materials and designs used in aircraft furniture is considered, and products are recommended for material selection for sustainable aircraft interiors. The type of composite material produced from waste paper, a type of material that has never been used in aircraft before, has potential as a material choice that can be used in the aviation industry in terms of its contribution to recycling, cost, lightness, and water resistance. Conditions such as flammability, durability, compatibility with other materials and lightness of the materials used in aircraft equipment are important, and some alternative material options have been evaluated.
Effect of paper-making additives on biodegradation of lignocellulosic fibers
Authors: Kwon Soojin , Meza Luz , Pawlak Joel J. , Venditti Richard A.
Published: September 2024

The biodegradation kinetics of paper materials with various chemical additives was studied, focusing on their potential tunability. Paper materials with additives, including retention aid, hydrophobic agent, and wet and dry strength agents, were explored in two forms: disintegrated fiber and paper form. Using the Gompertz equation, biodegradation kinetics were modeled to calculate the lag phase, initial biodegradation rate, and ultimate biodegradation extent. All paper materials showed higher biodegradation extents than microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) due to the highly biodegradable nature of hardwood bleached pulp. Disintegrated paper materials exhibited similar lag phase values and ultimate biodegradation to MCC regardless of treatment, while punched paper materials showed noticeable differences, suggesting that fiber disintegration plays a critical role in initiating biodegradation. Hydrophobic and wet strength treatments, such as alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) and wet-strength agents (PAE), respectively, significantly increased the lag phase, but their ultimate biodegradation extent remained intact. These findings highlight that the biodegradability of paper materials can be preserved even after chemical treatments, underscoring their environmentally friendly potential.
The Arctic Chronotope in the Short Novels by Z. Davydov “Beruny” and K. Badigin “The Way to Grumant”
Authors: Shvetsova Tatiana , Shakhova Veronika
Published: September 2024

The article defines the significant components of the Arctic chronotope in the adventures of the Mezen “Robinsons.” The empirical basis of the research was the historical short novel (povest’) by Zinovy Davydov “Beruny” (1933) and the short novel (povest’) by Konstantin Badigin “The Way to Grumant” (1953). A comparative analysis of these works was carried out. The choice of texts is explained by the relatively little amount of research done on them and the specifics of the story being told, which centers around people of heroic professions — seafarers and whalers. The plot of the short novels of Z. Davydov and K. Badigin is based on a real event of the 18th century — the adventures of Russian sailors on a deserted island in the Arctic, described by P. L. Le Roy in 1766. Various aspects of the Arctic are presented by Z. Davydov and K. Badigin (the territory of eternal cold, the land of death, the entrance to the otherworld, the place of forced stay of the Pomors, the zone of extreme human experience, the apophatic image where death borders on life), acting as a real-geographical and actually artistic chronotope. The Arctic chronotope includes toposes and loci that determine the individual destinies of the Mezen. The article characterizes the behavior of the heroes in the liminal conditions of the Arctic chronotope. The harmony of the heroes' consciousness with the rhythms of the objective world determines the possibility of survival of the “grumlans” on the island. A comparative analysis of the worldview of the hero of European literature (Robinson Crusoe by D. Defoe) and the heroes of Russian literature is carried out. The article considers the “hunting” and “survival” plot situations, which are the most representative for the behavior of the characters, and allows describing the unique features of the national and cultural identification of Russian “Robinsons” and comprehending the picture of the world depicted by the writers. It captures their special attitude to life and death, mythological worldview, adherence to the immutable laws of the Pomeranian fishing rite, the relationship of whalers with each other and the space in which they live.
“Bliznetsy” (“Twins”) by V. Shershenevich as a Creative Variation of Shakespeare’s “Twelfth Night”
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Zhatkin Dmitry , Serdechnaia Vera V
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the history of writing, stylistic features and composition of the play “Bliznetsy” (“Twins”) by Vadim Shershenevich based on Shakespeare’s comedy “Twelfth Night.” The play was written for a performance at the Moscow Operetta Theater (1939, composer A. Shenshin). The text of “Bliznetsy” was first published in 2022. The aim of this work was to analyze the artistic originality of the comedy text in the context of disputes on Shakespeare’s legacy conducted in the USSR in the 1930s. Based on archival documents, the authors recreate the history of writing “Bliznetsy” (in 1933—1938), analyze the discussions around the acceptability of the comic opera genre in relation to Shakespeare’s plays, the debates on the musical and literary dramaturgy of the play. Moreover, the article considers the principles of compositional restructuring in “Bliznetsy,” the poetic originality of the play, translation decisions and creative successes of Shershenevich, in particular, in writing comic dialogues. Despite the rare genre and unusually loose treatment of the original text, the production was recognized as one of the examples of an innovative Soviet musical performance and set a new tone in the translation of Shakespearean comedies. In particular, the refusal to copy Shakespeare’s puns led to the search for equivalent Russian comic elements, which were considered successful. For poet Shershenevich, previously known as a futurist and imagist, the work on the libretto provided an opportunity to apply creative power at a time when his own poems and translations were not published.