bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOACOUSTIC SOUND STRIDULATORY MOVEMENT OF GUPPY FISH (Poecilia reticulata) AT SALINE WATER
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Wulandari Pratiwi Dwi , Pujiyati Sri
Published: April 2017

Study on bioacoustic learns about sound production, dispersion through elastic media, and reception in animals, including humans, intensity of sound amplitude, sound fluctuation, and sound patterns of fish. Bioacoustic is a multidiscipline science that combine biology and acoustic science that usually refer to sound production research, sound dispersion through the elastic medium, and sound reception in animal including guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). In this research, salt level about 2 g/mol was added in the water/medium until the salinity was 30 ppm. The result indicated that the sound intensity of guppy fish on days 3 and 7 after the addition of salt reaches the highest value of -44 dB with interval time of 40-50 seconds. This research showed that guppy fish can survive in salinity 30 ppm with sound intensity -48 dB and the frequency of flapping fins or guppy fish stridulatory was 0-19.60 kHz.
ASPEK BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN PARI TOTOL (Neotrygon kuhlii) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA
Authors: Abubakar Salma , Boer Mennofatria , Sulistiono Sulistiono
Published: April 2017

Ikan pari totol (Neotrygon kuhlii) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan ekonomis penting dan sebagai hasil penangkapan di Selat Sunda. Penangkapan yang intensif dapat mengakibatkan penurunan stok ikan pari totol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui panjang bobot, dan karakteristik reproduksi. Karaktersitik reproduksi itu sendiri meliputi ukaran pertama kali matang gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad ikan pari totol (Neotrygon kuhlii) di perairan Selat Sunda yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan, Banten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai hubungan panjang bobot ikan pari totol betina. Berdasarkan hubungan panjang bobot ikan pari betina diperoleh persamaan hubungan panjang dan bobot untuk ikan pari totol betina : W = 0.0007 L2.1496.Sedangkan untuk pari totol jantan persamaan hubungan panjang bobot : W = 0.0000L2.251. Ikan pari totol jantan mempunyai faktor kondisi yang relatif lebih besar daripada ikan pari betina. Penurunan nilai faktor kondisi disebabkan bagian terbesar dari makanan yang dikonsumsi digunakan untuk perkembangan sel-sel reproduksinya). Kisaran ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan pari totol betina dengan kisaran panajng total tubuh 700-771, sedangkan untuk ikan pari jantan dengan kisaran panjang total tubuh 690-771. Tingkat kematangan gonad terbanyak betina dan jantan (TKG III) pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2013. Indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) ikan pari semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya TKG.
PENERAPAN METODE COMMON REFLECTION SURFACE (CRS) PADA DATA SEISMIK LAUT 2D DI LAUT FLORES
Authors: Wulandari Ita , Manik Henry M. , Subarsyah Subarsyah
Published: April 2017

Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan penampang hasil pengolahan data seismik menggunakan stack konvensional dan metode Common Reflection Surface (CRS), dan membuktikan bahwa metode CRS mampu memberikan pencitraan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode stack konvensional. Penelitian menggunakan satu lintasan data seismik hasil akusisi Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan (P3GL) pada Juni 2012 di Laut Flores. Penelitian mengolah data seismik mulai dari input data sampai stack, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan metode CRS. Metode CRS menggunakan beberapa penyesuaian pada aperture. Penampang yang optimal menggunakan dip aperture 300 m dan stack aperture 100 m. Hasil menunjukkan penampang data seismik menggunakan metode CRS mampu memberikan pencitraan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode stack konvensional. Metode CRS dapat meningkatkan kualitas penampang karena reflektor yang terlihat jelas dan kontinu.
ANALISIS DAN KLASIFIKASI SEDIMEN PERMUKAAN DASAR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER
Authors: Rohman Saifur , Manik Henry M , Hestirianoto Totok , Mudita Imam
Published: April 2017

The increased human activity in the marine sector, such as dredging operations, oil and gas exploration, mineral sands mining and various marine research has led to an imperative demand for accurate seafloor maps. Sub-bottom profilers (SBP) are acoustic systems traditionally used to image sediment layers and rocks beneath the seabed, providing information about sediment thicknesses and stratigraphy. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the profile of the seafloor sediment layer (near-surface sediment) and obtain the value of the reflection coefficient of the layer. The process of data acquisition was conducted using SBP type of a single channel sparker by BPPT that was the survey of oil and gas pipeline maintenance and electrical cable Pertamina in 2010, which was on the east coast Balongan, Indramayu. Whereas for seafloor sediment sampling was used gravity corer. The results of the processing of the raw data with Matlab nearby B19 have been obtained 2D profile of seabed sediments and reflector, which was clearly visible and had a reflection coefficient value range 0 to 0.2955. In addition, an analytical technique for parameter estimation of sediment from laboratory data was performed as a comparison. The result of sediment in the form of silt with reflection coefficient value was 0.2807.
REAKSI POLA RENANG IKAN NILA TERHADAP TIRAI LISTRIK PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: Ismail Mochamad Rudyansyah , Diniah Diniah , Baskoro Mulyono S
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of Tilapia to TELV-PDC gear. TLEV-PDC is modification of fishing gear for blocking and guiding the fish swimming. This study use experimental method. Sampling for The Study used behavior sampling method and continuous method for recording. The power source of this study was 6 volts, 18 volts, 30 volts and 45 volts in the aquarium for testing deterrence Tilapia juvenile and consumption sized. The results of this study indicated the response of Tilapia to TLEV PDC was fainted, hampered and changed the direction of swimming, and blockouts. TLEV-PDC can to support for fishing gear. It is function for guiding the fish in passive fishing gear (trap).
KOREKSI KEKENDURAN TRAMMEL NET
Authors: Mardiah Ratu Sari , Puspito Gondo , Mustaruddin Mustaruddin
Published: April 2017

Kemampuan trammel net menangkap organisme demersal terpusat pada bagian bawahnya. Ini disebabkan oleh kekenduran jaring hanya terdapat pada bagian tersebut. Desain trammel net dalam penelitian ini memiliki 3 kekenduran pada posisi ketinggian yang berbeda. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan apakah penambahan kekenduran akan merubah komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan dan membuktikan bahwa penambahan kekenduran dapat meningkatkan jumlah hasil tangkapan. Penelitian menggunakan 3 trammel net kontrol (TK) yang memiliki 1 kekenduran dan 3 trammel net perlakuan (TP) dengan 3 kekenduran. Kedua konstruksi trammel net disusun berselang-seling dan dioperasikan secara bersamaan sebanyak 35 setting. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kekenduran tidak mempengaruhi komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan. Masing-masing trammel net menghasilkan jenis tangkapan yang sama, yaitu 4 jenis udang, 10 jenis ikan demersal, 2 jenis kepiting dan 1 jenis ikan non demersal. Trammel net TP menangkap 581 individu (20,10 kg), atau lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan trammel net TK 277 individu (7,38 kg).
PRODUKTIVITAS UMPAN TIRUAN DARI KAYU BERLAPIS ALUMUNIUM FOIL PADA PANCING ULUR
Authors: Caesario Rachmad , Yusfiandayani Roza , Diniah Diniah
Published: April 2017

Salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan tingkat kesuksesan operasi penangkapan pancing ulur adalah umpan. Nelayan biasanya menggunakan umpan alami, tembang dan kembung, untuk menangkap layur. Namun, ikan tersebut memiliki harga yang cukup tinggi dan ketersediaannya tidak kontinyu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis komposisi hasil tangkapan pancing ulur, 2) menganalisis sebaran panjang-berat, 3) mengukur produktivitas hasil tangkapan pancing ulur berdasarkan jenis umpan yang digunakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode experimental fishing di perairan Teluk Palabuhanratu pada bulan Desember 2015 – Januari 2016. Hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh adalah layur sirip kuning (Lepturacanthus savala) sebanyak 1.148 ekor, dengan berat 235,58 kg. Persamaan hubungan panjang – berat layur (Lepturacanthus savala) adalah y=0.0008x3.0113 yang berarti allometrik positif. Produktivitas pancing ulur menggunakan umpan alami sebesar 5,95 kg/trip, lebih besar dibandingkan produktivitas umpan tiruan sebesar 5.26 kg/trip, namun umpan tiruan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif substitusi umpan alami untuk menangkap layur ketika umpan alami sedang tidak tersedia atau saat musim paceklik.
PENERAPAN DEKONVOLUSI SPIKING DAN DEKONVOLUSI PREDIKTIF PADA DATA SEISMIK MULTICHANNEL 2D DI LAUT FLORES
Authors: Romauli Alfrida , Manik Henry M , Subarsyah Subarsyah
Published: April 2017

Tujuan dasar dari pengolahan data seismik yaitu untuk mengkonversikan informasi yang terekam dari lapang menjadi data yang dapat diinterpretasikan. Salah satu tujuan prosesing data seismik adalah untuk menghilangkan atau mengurangi noise dari reverberasi dan multiples serta mempertinggi rasio sinyal terhadap noise. Penelitian ini menggunakan data lintasan 16 di Laut Flores yang berekstensi SEG-Y. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Maret 2015 di Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan (PPPGL), Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dekonvolusi spiking dan dekonvolusi prediktif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan penampang seismik hasil poststack migration dengan menggunakan dekonvolusi prediktif dan dekonvolusi spiking. Hasil yang didapat yaitu kedua dekonvolusi dapat meningkatkan rasio sinyal terhadap noise pada data namun dekonvolusi prediktif dapat memberikan hasil lebih baik dalam meningkatkan rasio sinyal terhadap noise. Penampang migrasi dengan menggunakan dekonvolusi baik spiking maupun prediktif memberikan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda, namun multiple tidak dapat dihilangkan dengan menggunakan dekonvolusi prediktif disebabkan karena pengaruh ekor signature yang tidak teratur akibat sinkronisasi airgun kurang efektif.
ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС: ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ
Authors: Бродский А.К. , Сафронова Д.В.
Published: April 2017

Проблема антропогенной трансформации биосферы рассмотрена с точки зрения разрушения биоразнообразия. Поскольку в основе устойчивости биосферы лежит биотическая регуляция круговорота веществ, именно биологическое разнообразие обеспечивает компонентное и территориальное равновесие слагающих биосферу экосистем. Авторы прослеживают трансформацию биосферы человеком в ходе истории – от палеолита до наших дней, анализируют пути воздействия человека на природу. В процессе «преобразования природы» результатом деятельности человека стало размыкание естественных биогеохимических циклов, загрязнение и глубокая деградация окружающей среды, утрата местообитаний. При обсуждении выбора приоритетов для решения проблем выхода из глобального экологического кризиса сделан вывод, что нарастающие социальные и природные аномалии представляют собой следствие нашего неверного поведения, в основе которого, помимо социальных, экономических и иных причин, лежит недооценка того значения, которое биоразнообразие играет в нашей жизни.
A PROVA ILÍCITA NO PROCESSO PENAL: CRÍTICA À LUZ DA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL DE 1988
Authors: (Universidade Federal do Paraná) Jacinto Nelson de Miranda Coutinho
Published: April 2017

A tensão entre a solução fornecida pela matriz italiana e a solução fornecida pelo modelo norte-americano sobre a utilização da prova ilícita no processo penal, não pode ser importada como fundamento de validade desta espécie de prova no sistema processual brasileiro, sem que exista devida a crítica constitucional. A investigação do sentido e do alcance dessa crítica é o objeto deste trabalho.
INEXIGIBILIDADE DE CONDUTA DIVERSA: UMA ANÁLISE POLÍTICO-DOGMÁTICA PARA MOMENTOS DE CRISE FINANCEIRA
Authors: (Universidade Mackenzie, SP) Marco Aurélio Florêncio Filho
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo busca investigar a inexigibilidade de conduta diversa como causa excludente de culpabilidade. Para tanto, foi realizada uma abordagem da construção teórica do instituto da inexigibilidade de conduta diversa na Alemanha, para posteriormente analisar a sua aplicação no Brasil. É importante destacar que a inexigibilidade de conduta diversa foi concebida na Alemanha, num período em que aquele País passava por uma grave crise financeira, sendo, portanto, um instituto importante para estudo, diante do momento de crise financeira que vive hoje o Brasil. Ainda, foi realizado um cotejo entre o instituto da inexigibilidade de conduta diversa a partir da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988.
Tuberculosis notification rate decreases faster in residents of native origin than in residents of foreign origin in the EU/EEA, 2010 to 2015
Authors: Hollo V , Beauté J , Ködmön C , van der Werf MJ
Published: April 2017

To estimate trends in tuberculosis (TB) notification rates by geographical origin, we retrieved surveillance data from 2010 to 2015 for 29 European Union and European Economic Area countries. The TB notification rate decreased at an annual rate of 5.3%. The decrease in notification rate was higher in native residents (7.0%) than in those of foreign origin (3.7%). Targeted screening and facilitated access to care and treatment could help prevent and control TB in migrants.
Social Media: Opportunity or threat to public health in context of Nepal
Authors: Thakur Dip Narayan
Published: April 2017

Social media, one of the greatest tools for sharing information, are used for various purposes in health like educational and promotional activities, communication - of research findings and during crisis readiness. In addition, online conference and webinar for health purpose, e-procurement of health commodities and telemedicine are some domains where we use social media. In contrast to these, it brings out various ill impacts on health directly or indirectly, such as cyberbullying, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, physical inactivity- a boost factor for non-communicable diseases and internet addiction. As this field is new in health and being used innovatively, issues of their effectiveness, privacy and confidentiality begin to rise. Moreover, authenticity of the health information available on social media is another issue, all of which need guidance by evidence based acts and regulations. Else, it may harm the belief of users on the platform, which is the future for health information sharing. With very few researches done regarding the use of internet and social media, and increasing addiction towards them possesses an extra threat to health in Nepal. Hence, research regarding possible hazards of social media use and relative effectiveness of social media over other communication channel is needed, to develop necessary strategies to overcome possible threats to health and utilize social media for health to its optimum potential.
Synthesis of Novel Compounds with a Combination of Pyridazine, Pyrazole and 1,3,5-Triazine Rings and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Plant Growth Stimulant Activity
Authors: Shainova Roza S. , Gomktsyan Tiruhi A. , Karapetyan Armen V. , Yengoyan Aleksandr P.
Published: April 2017

The syntheses of a series of novel compounds with a combination of pyrazole and pyridazine rings and their corresponding pyrazolyl-1-N-substituted derivatives were carried out. These rings are connected through the oxygen atom and oxoethoxy or oxoethyl moieties. At preliminary screening the synthesised compounds have shown pronounced plant growth stimulant activity. The most active compounds are being preparing for deeper studies and further field trials.
Improved Laboratory Synthesis of YC-071, a Potent Azole Antifungal Agent
Authors: Zheng Yazhou , Qian Anran , Ling Chenyu , Cao Xufeng , Cui YongMei , Yang Yushe
Published: April 2017

An improved laboratory synthesis of YC-071, a potent azole antifungal agent, has been developed. Compared with the original route, the new route is operationally simple, requiring only limited purification of all the intermediates. The new route is an important scalable synthesis, which meets the need for YC-071 for use in preclinical studies.
Electric Turbocharging for Energy Regeneration and Increased Efficiency at Real Driving Conditions
Authors: Dimitriou Pavlos , Burke Richard , Zhang Qingning , Copeland Colin , Stoffels Harald
Published: April 2017

Modern downsized internal combustion engines benefit from high-efficiency turbocharging systems for increasing their volumetric efficiency. However, despite the efficiency increase, turbochargers often lack fast transient response due to the nature of the energy exchange with the engine, which deteriorates the vehicle’s drivability. An electrically-assisted turbocharger can be used for improving the transient response without any parasitic losses to the engine while providing energy recovery for increasing overall system efficiency. The present study provides a detailed numerical investigation on the potential of e-turbocharging to control load and if possible replace the wastegate valve. A parametric study of the optimum compressor/turbine sizing and wastegate area was performed for maximum torque, fast response time and energy regeneration across the real driving conditions speed/load area of the engine. The results showed that the implementation of a motor-generator could contribute to reducing the response time of the engine by up to 90% while improving its thermal efficiency and generating up to 6.6 kWh of energy. Suppressing the wastegate can only be achieved when a larger turbine is implemented, which as a result deteriorates the engine’s response and leads to energy provision demands at low engine speeds.
Doping LiMnPO4 with Cobalt and Nickel: A First Principle Study
Authors: Sgroi Mauro Francesco , Lazzaroni Roberto , Beljonne David , Pullini Daniele
Published: April 2017

A density functional theory (DFT) study has been carried out on transition metal phosphates with olivine structure and formula LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) to assess their potential as cathode materials in rechargeable Li-ion batteries based on their chemical and structural stability and high theoretical capacity. The investigation focuses on LiMnPO4, which could offer an improved cell potential (4.1 V) with respect to the reference LiFePO4 compound, but it is characterized by poor lithium intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics. Substitution of cations like Co and Ni in the olivine structure of LiMnPO4 was recently reported in an attempt to improve the electrochemical performances. Here the electronic structure and lithium intercalation potential of Ni- and Co-doped LiMnPO4 were calculated in the framework of the Hubbard U density functional theory (DFT+U) method for highly correlated materials. Moreover, the diffusion process of lithium in the host structures was simulated, and the activation barriers in the doped and pristine structures were compared. Our calculation predicted that doping increases Li insertion potential while activation barriers for Li diffusion remain similar to the pristine material. Moreover, Ni and Co doping induces the formation of impurity states near the Fermi level and significantly reduces the band gap of LiMnPO4.
Electrochemical Immunosensors and Aptasensors
Authors: Ugo Paolo , Moretto Ligia M.
Published: April 2017

Since the first electrochemical biosensor for glucose detection, pioneered in 1962 by Clark and Lyons [1], research and application in the field has grown at an impressive rate and we are still witnessing a continuing evolution of research on this topic [2].[...]
Mind–Body Interventions for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yeh Ann Ming , Wren Anava , Golianu Brenda
Published: April 2017

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. There is emerging evidence that the brain–gut connection affects inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients more than previously thought. This is evidenced by comorbid mood disorders, irritable bowel symptoms concurrent with quiescent IBD, and the potential of psychosocial stressors to trigger IBD flares. Mind–body interventions such as psychotherapy, relaxation, mindfulness, biofeedback, yoga, and clinical hypnosis offer an adjunct to standard medical treatment for IBD. We will review the current evidence base for these mind– body interventions in the treatment of pediatric IBD, illustrate a case study, and offer suggestions for future research for this promising field.
Data-Driven Predictive Torque Coordination Control during Mode Transition Process of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sun Jing , Xing Guojing , Zhang Chenghui
Published: April 2017

Torque coordination control significantly affects the mode transition quality during the mode transition dynamic process of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Most of the existing torque coordination control methods are based on the mechanism model, whose control effect heavily depends on the modeling accuracy of the HEV powertrain. However, the powertrain structure is so complex, that it is difficult to establish its precise mechanism model. In this paper, a torque coordination control strategy using the data-driven predictive control (DDPC) technique is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of mechanism model-based control methods for a clutch-enabled HEV. The proposed control strategy is only based on the measured input-output data in the HEV powertrain, and no mechanism model is needed. The conflicting control requirements of comfortability and economy are included in the cost function. The actual physical constraints of actuators are also explicitly taken into account in the solving process of the data-driven predictive controller. The co-simulation results in Cruise and Simulink validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and demonstrate that the DDPC method can achieve less vehicle jerk, faster mode transition and smaller clutch frictional losses compared with the traditional model predictive control (MPC) method.
Hybridising Human Judgment, AHP, Grey Theory, and Fuzzy Expert Systems for Candidate Well Selection in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Zeng Fanhui , Cheng Xiaozhao , Guo Jianchun , Tao Liang , Chen Zhangxin
Published: April 2017

The selection of appropriate wells for hydraulic fracturing is one of the most important decisions faced by oilfield engineers. It has significant implications for the future development of an oilfield in terms of its productivity and economics. In this study, we developed a fuzzy model for well selection that combines the major objective criteria with the subjective judgments of decision makers. This was done by fusing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, grey theory and an advanced version of fuzzy logic theory (FLT). The AHP component was used to identify the relevant criteria involved in selecting wells for hydraulic fracturing. Grey theory was used to determine the relative importance of those criteria. Then a fuzzy expert system was applied to fuzzily process the aggregated inputs using a Type-2 fuzzy logic system. This undertakes approximate reasoning and generates recommendations for candidate wells. These techniques and technologies were hybridized by using an intercommunication job-sharing method that integrates human judgment. The proposed method was tested on data from an oilfield in Western China and finally the most appropriate candidate wells for hydraulic fracturing were ranked in order of their projected output after fracturing.
Active, Reactive and Harmonic Control for Distributed Energy Micro-Storage Systems in Smart Communities Homes
Authors: Milanes-Montero Maria-Isabel , Barrero-Gonzalez Fermin , Pando-Acedo Jaime , Gonzalez-Romera Eva , Romero-Cadaval Enrique , Moreno-Munoz Antonio
Published: April 2017

This paper aims to provide control strategies for distributed micro-storage energy systems at the residential level to contribute to smart grid goals. A simulation model of an energy storage system (ESS) charger has been implemented to test these proposed control strategies. The smart community energy management system (SCEMS), acting as an aggregator of resources in the community according to the expected demand and production, sends to each individual home the active and reactive power set-points. Besides, in case the ESS has available capacity, once the SCEMS requirements are satisfied, it is used to absorb the harmonic current components demanded by the household circuitry. It allows a local improvement in the power quality of the demanded current, and thus contributes to the global power quality consumption of the community. Simulation results showing the operation of a local ESS at a home in a Smart Community are presented to validate the proposed control strategies.
Enhancement of Power System Stability Using a Novel Power System Stabilizer with Large Critical Gain
Authors: Liu Ziquan , Yao Wei , Wen Jinyu
Published: April 2017

Power system stabilizers (PSSs) are widely used for suppressing low frequency oscillations in practical power systems. However, according to the requirement of the “guide for setting test of power system stabilizer” of China, PSS gain is limited to no more than 1/3 of its critical gain. As a result, PSSs may not provide enough damping to the inter-area mode oscillations. Through analyzing the Heffron-Phillips (H-P) model of the generator with PSS, it is found that exciter mode will become unstable when PSS exceeds its critical gain. This exciter mode is formed by the natural characteristic of the exciter-PSS loop. To address this problem, a novel PSS with a parallel component added to the conventional PSS is proposed to improve its critical gain. Therefore, large gain can be chosen for the proposed PSS to meet the critical gain requirements of the guide and provide enough damping to the inter-area modes simultaneously. Simulation results on the Ximeng coal power station of China verify the effectiveness of the proposed PSS.
The Performance of Polymer Flooding in Heterogeneous Type II Reservoirs—An Experimental and Field Investigation
Authors: Zhong Huiying , Zhang Weidong , Fu Jing , Lu Jun , Yin Hongjun
Published: April 2017

The polymer flooding process has already been applied to the medium permeability type II reservoirs of the Daqing Oilfield (China) to enhance oil recovery. However, this process faces a number of challenges, such as the flooding efficiency, high injection pressure, formation blockage and damage, unbalanced absorption ratio, and economical justification. In this study, single-phase and two-phase flow experiments are performed to investigate polymer injection adaptability with natural cores of type II reservoirs. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effects of the polymer are studied by physical simulation experiments, and the results of application in an actual field are also presented. The results indicate that the flow characteristics and injection capability are dominated by the reservoir permeability in polymer flooding. Moreover, the adsorption of polymer molecules and the injection pressure gradient, which reflect formation damage, are affected more significantly by the concentration than by the molecular weight in type II reservoirs. Using the matching relationship, the injection-production process is stable, and additional oil recoveries of 10%–15% can be obtained in heterogeneous type II reservoirs with a high water saturation. This work is significant in that it further accelerates the application of polymer flooding EOR in medium permeability heterogeneous oilfields with high water saturation.
A New Method for Distribution Network Reconfiguration Analysis under Different Load Demands
Authors: Flaih Firas , Lin Xiangning , Abd Mohammed , Dawoud Samir , Li Zhengtian , Adio Owolabi
Published: April 2017

The strategies of distribution network reconfiguration are applicable for minimizing power loss and saving electrical energy in the distribution system. Network reconfiguration is usually represented by constant load demand so ignoring the variability of load demand causes uncertainty and misleading results in the minimization of power loss. This paper consists of two parts: first, the reconfiguration was accomplished using an optimization framework based on constant load to find sets of optimal switches. The minimization of active power loss was taken as an objective function while bus voltage, branch current and system radiality were taken as system constraints. The study was applied to a 33-bus test distribution network, which is exceedingly used as test examples for solving reconfiguration problems. Second, lists of the configurations set obtained from the first part, as well as other different optimization methods proposed earlier under constant load demand were taken as test switches. Additionally, the network in the presence of distributed generators was taken to analyze the reconfiguration under an active network. Two types of load demands; the variable load and voltage-dependent load, are proposed to represent the practical load demands. This paper presents a new method for good analysis as it defines the effect of loading levels and loading patterns on a distribution system performance for passive and active networks. The proposed approach tries to find the actual power loss under different characteristics of loads. Therefore, the probable benefit of this approach is the contribution to providing more flexibility for electrical utilities in terms of distribution system operation, while also opening new prospects in the automation of smart distribution systems.
Methodology Applied to the Evaluation of Natural Ventilation in Residential Building Retrofits: A Case Study
Authors: Meiss Alberto , Padilla-Marcos Miguel , Feijó-Muñoz Jesús
Published: April 2017

The primary objective of this paper is to present the use of a steady model that is able to qualify and quantify available natural ventilation flows applied to the energy retrofitting of urban residential districts. In terms of air quality, natural ventilation presents more efficient solutions compared to active systems. This method combines numeric simulations, through the utilization of Ansys Fluent R15.0® and Engineering Equation Solver EES®, with on-site pressurization tests. Testing consists of the application of the seasonal pressure gradient on the building’s envelope and the calculation of the ventilation flows in three climatic representative conditions (summer, winter, and annual average). Through the implementation of this methodology to existing buildings it is possible to evaluate the influence of the built environment, as well as key parameters (relative height of the dwelling, number of vertical ventilation ducts, and airtightness of windows) of available natural ventilation.
Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coconut-Based Biodiesel in a Liquid Fuel Burner
Authors: Abdul Malik Muhammad , Shaiful Ashrul , Mohd. Ismail Mohd , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad , Mohamad Sahar Amirah
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an investigation on the combustion performance of different Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) biodiesel blends with Conventional Diesel Fuel (CDF) under B5 (5% CME, 95% CDF), B15 (15% CME, 85% CDF), and B25 (25% CME, 75% CDF) conditions. The performances of these fuels were evaluated based on the temperature profiles of the combustor wall and emission concentration of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), and Carbon Monoxide (CO). The fuel properties of the CME biodiesel blends were measured and compared with CDF. All tested fuels were combusted using an open-ended combustion chamber at three different equivalence ratios, i.e., lean fuel to air mixture (Ф = 0.8), stoichiometry (Ф = 1.0), and rich fuel to air mixture (Ф =1.2), using a standard solid spray fuel nozzle. The results indicated that CME biodiesel blends combust at a lower temperature and produce less emission in comparison with CDF for all equivalence ratios. Moreover, the increase of CME content in biodiesel blends reduced the temperature of the combustor wall and the emission concentration. Results also proved that the utilization of biodiesel is beneficial to various industrial applications, especially in the transportation sector due to it being environmentally friendly, and serves as an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel.
A Novel Remaining Useful Life Prediction Approach for Superbuck Converter Circuits Based on Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer-Support Vector Regression
Authors: Wang Li , Yue Jiguang , Su Yongqing , Lu Feng , Sun Qiang
Published: April 2017

The reliability of power packs is very important for the performance of electronic equipment and ensuring the reliability of power electronic circuits is especially vital for equipment security. An alteration in the converter component parameter can lead to the decline of the power supply quality. In order to effectively prevent failure and estimate the remaining useful life (RUL) of superbuck converters, a circuit failure prognostics framework is proposed in this paper. We employ the average value and ripple value of circuit output voltage as a feature set to calculate the Mahalanobis distance (MD) in order to reflect the health status of the circuit. Time varying MD sets form the circuit state time series. According to the working condition time series that have been obtained, we can predict the later situation with support vector regression (SVR). SVR has been improved by a modified grey wolf optimizer (MGWO) algorithm before estimating the RUL. This is the first attempt to apply the modified version of the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to circuit prognostics and system health management (PHM). Subsequently, benchmark functions have been used to validate the performance of the MGWO. Finally, the simulation results of comparative experiments demonstrate that MGWO-SVR can predict the RUL of circuits with smaller error and higher prediction precision.
A Method for Energy and Resource Assessment of Waves in Finite Water Depths
Authors: Sheng Wanan , Li Hui
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a new method for improving the assessment of energy and resources of waves in the cases of finite water depths in which the historical and some ongoing sea wave measurements are simply given in forms of scatter diagrams or the forms of (significant) wave heights and the relevant statistical wave periods, whilst the detailed spectrum information has been discarded, thus no longer available for the purpose of analysis. As a result of such simplified wave data, the assessment for embracing the effects of water depths on wave energy and resources becomes either difficult or inaccurate. In many practical cases, the effects of water depths are simply ignored because the formulas for deep-water waves are frequently employed. This simplification may cause large energy under-estimations for the sea waves in finite water depths. To improve the wave energy assessment for such much-simplified wave data, an approximate method is proposed for approximating the effect of water depth in this research, for which the wave energy period or the calculated peak period can be taken as the reference period for implementing the approximation. The examples for both theoretical and measured spectra show that the proposed method can significantly reduce the errors on wave energy assessment due to the approximations and inclusions of the effects of finite water depths.
Determining the Minimal Power Capacity of Energy Storage to Accommodate Renewable Generation
Authors: Han Xingning , Liao Shiwu , Ai Xiaomeng , Yao Wei , Wen Jinyu
Published: April 2017

The increasing penetration of renewable generation increases the need for flexibility to accommodate for growing uncertainties. The level of flexibility is measured by the available power that can be provided by flexible resources, such as dispatachable generators, in a certain time period under the constraint of transmission capacity. In addition to conventional flexible resources, energy storage is also expected as a supplementary flexible resource for variability accommodation. To aid the cost-effective planning of energy storage in power grids with intensive renewable generation, this study proposed an approach to determine the minimal requirement of power capacity and the appropriate location for the energy storage. In the proposed approach, the variation of renewable generation is limited within uncertainty sets, then a linear model is proposed for dispatchable generators and candidate energy storage to accommodate the variation in renewable generation under the power balance and transmission network constraints. The target of the proposed approach is to minimize the total power capacity of candidate energy storage facilities when the availability of existing flexible resources is maximized. After that, the robust linear optimization method is employed to convert and solve the proposed model with uncertainties. Case studies are carried out in a modified Garver 6-bus system and the Liaoning provincial power system in China. Simulation results well demonstrate the proposed optimization can provide the optimal location of energy storage with small power capacities. The minimal power capacity of allocated energy storage obtained from the proposed approach only accounts for 1/30 of the capacity of the particular transmission line that is required for network expansion. Besides being adopted for energy storage planning, the proposed approach can also be a potential tool for identifying the sufficiency of flexibility when a priority is given to renewable generation.
Effects of Lean Zones on Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Performance
Authors: Xu Jinze , Chen Zhangxin , Dong Xiaohu , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2017

A thorough understanding of the effects of lean zones and the improvement of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations with such heterogeneities is critically important for reducing the disadvantages of lean zones. The numerical model shows: (1) SAGD is most influenced by the single-layer lean zone with the above-injector (AI) location; with the decrease of interval distance and increase of thickness and water saturation in lean zones, the detrimental effect of single-layer lean zones on SAGD performance increases; (2) with the increase of period and decrease of connate and initial water saturations in lean zones, the detrimental effect of multiple-layer lean zones on SAGD performance increases; (3) reducing the injection pressure properly improves SAGD performance in leaky oil sands. The field-scale study indicates: (1) well pair 1 is most affected by lean zones in the studied pad due to the widest distribution of lean zones above its injector, and a hybrid cyclic steam stimulation (CSS)/SAGD method is proposed to overcome the practical problem of a low injection pressure in this area; (2) simulation results prove that the hybrid CSS/SAGD method is better than the conventional SAGD method in leaky oil sands.
Recent Progress and Novel Applications in Enzymatic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Long Nguyen , Lee Jintae , Koo Kee-Kahb , Luis Patricia , Lee Moonyong
Published: April 2017

Turning carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuels and chemicals using chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, and enzymatic methods could be used to recycle large quantities of carbon. The enzymatic method, which is inspired by cellular CO2 metabolism, has attracted considerable attention for efficient CO2 conversion due to improved selectivity and yields under mild reaction conditions. In this review, the research progress of green and potent enzymatic conversion of CO2 into useful fuels and chemicals was discussed. Furthermore, applications of the enzymatic conversion of CO2 to assist in CO2 capture and sequestration were highlighted. A summary including the industrial applications, barriers, and some perspectives on the research and development of the enzymatic approach to convert CO2 were introduced.
A Novel High Controllable Voltage Gain Push-Pull Topology for Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Duan Qichang , Li Yanling , Dai Xin , Zou Tao
Published: April 2017

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is commonly used to transmit power from a transmitting coil to various movable power devices. In the WPT system, due to a resonant tank inherent characteristic, the system cannot achieve a high output voltage gain. This paper proposes a novel current-fed push–pull circuit to realize high output voltage gain by adding a bi-directional switch between the resonant network and inverter. To obtain a high voltage gain, this paper proposes energy storage and energy injection mode to realize an energy boost function. A duty cycle control method for mode switching is also proposed. The proposed method allows the converter to operate with a variable voltage gain over a wide range with high efficiency. Experimental validation shows that the system gain of a proposed circuit can achieve a variable gain from 2 to 7 of which the converter can be two times higher than the classical system with the same condition.
A Novel Caving Model of Overburden Strata Movement Induced by Coal Mining
Authors: Xu Dongjing , Peng Suping , Xiang Shiyao , He Yunlan
Published: April 2017

The broken pattern of the overburden strata induced by mining has a non-ignorable effect on overlying strata movement, failure, and safety in mining production. To study the caving pattern of overlying strata and determine the calculation method of fracture pathway parameters due to roof caving induced by coal mining, the trapezoidal broken models were developed to explain and prevent water leakage, and even water inrush, during the mining process. By incorporating the variation of the volume expansion coefficient, a connection among the parameters of the fracture pathways and fracture angles, face width, and mining height could be established, which shows that the larger the degree of the fracture angle is, the smaller the value of the volume expansion coefficient and face width is with a relatively larger mining height. This relationship was also used to determine the eventual evolution configuration of the trapezoidal broken model. The presented approaches may help us to better understand the movement of overburden strata and provide an idea to help settle conflicts related to fracture space calculations induced by coal mining.
Numerical Simulations of a VAWT in the Wake of a Moving Car
Authors: Tian Wenlong , Mao Zhaoyong , Li Yukai
Published: April 2017

Wind energy generated from the wake of moving cars has a large energy potential that has not yet been utilized. In this study, a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was used to recover energy from the wakes of moving cars. The turbine was designed to be planted by the side of the car lane and driven by the wake produced by the car. Transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the VAWT. The influence of two main factors on the performance of the VAWT, the velocity of the car and the gap between the car and the rotor, were studied. The simulations confirmed the feasibility of this plan, and in the tested cases, the VAWT was able to generate a maximum energy output of 100.49 J from the wake of a car. The results also showed that the performance of the VAWT decreased with the velocity of the car, and the increased gap between the car and the VAWT.
Analysis of the Average Annual Consumption of Water in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)
Authors: Garcia-Sanz-Calcedo Justo , Lopez-Rodriguez Fernando , Yusaf Talal , Al-Kassir Awf
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to quantity the annual average consumption of water in 13 public hospitals in Extremadura (Spain). An analytical study in order to reduce water demand was conducted from 2010 to 2014 in the above-mentioned hospitals. The study concluded that, in order to determine the average annual water consumption, a fixed ratio is not the appropriate tool. A parametric type related to the built surface area and/or number of beds by hospital should be used instead. The average annual consumption of cold water for human consumption (CWHC) was 262.82 m3 (102.10) per bed and 1.65 m3 (0.46) per built surface area. The mean annual consumption of domestic hot water (DHW) was 92.96 m3 (35.72) per bed and 0.59 m3 (0.18) per built surface area. The ratio between DHW and CWHC was 35.62% (5.53). The time period of greatest demand was between 12 p.m. and 6 p.m. Considering B as the number of hospital beds and S its built surface area, to calculate the average annual cold water for human consumption in a hospital, the equation 165B + 12,100 (m3) or 1.568S + 2400 (m3) should be used. Similarly, in terms of hot domestic water, the average annual consumption in m3 corresponds to either 53.65B + 5170 (m3) or 0.53S + 1400 (m3).
Linking Soil Properties to Climate Change Mitigation and Food Security in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Him , Bhandari Trishna , Karky Bhaskar , Kotru Rajan
Published: April 2017

Crop productivity is directly dependent on soil fertility. High organic carbon content in soil is vital as it leads to improved soil quality, increased productivity, and stable soil aggregates. In addition, with the signing of the climate agreement, there is growing interest in carbon sequestration in landscapes. This paper looks at how soil organic carbon (SOC) can be increased so that it contributes not only to the reduction of atmospheric CO2, but also translates to the increased food production, thereby enhancing food security. This synergy between climate change mitigation and enhancing food security is even more relevant for mountain landscapes of the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region where there remains huge potential to increase CO2 sequestration and simultaneously address food security in the chronic food deficit villages. Soil samples were collected from seven transects each in Bajhang and Mustang and from four land use types in each transect. Samples of soils were taken from two depths in each plot: 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm below the soil surface to compare the top soil and subsoil dynamics of the soil nutrients. The lab analysis was performed to assess the soil texture, soil acidity in “power of hydrogen” (pH), and macro-nutrients reflecting soil fertility. Secondary data was used to analyze the level of food deficit in the villages. The pH value of soil from Bajhang ranged from 5.3 to 9.1. The pH value of soil ranged from 5.7 to 8.8 in Mustang. SOC contents of sampled soils from Bajhang ranged from 0.20% to 7.69% with a mean amount of 2.47% ± 0.17%. SOC contents of sampled soils from Mustang ranged from 0.51% to 8.56% with a mean amount of 2.60% ± 0.25%. By land use type, forest land had the highest carbon (C) content of 53.61 t·ha−1 in Bajhang, whereas in Mustang, agricultural land had the highest C content of 52.02 tons·ha−1. Based on these data, we can say that there is potential for increasing SOC through improved soil health and crop production holistic soil management should be practiced for higher productivity, and incorporating livestock for farmyard manure would fertilize cultivated soils, which increases soil productivity. Increasing productivity would aid in enhancing the access and availability of food in these mountain villages.