bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of nitric oxide in the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) column in cardiovascular responses in urethane‐anesthetized male rats
Authors: Najaftomaraei Mohammad , Ghorbani Atiyeh , Rahimi Alireza , Mohebbati Reza , Sherkat Sogol , Shafei Mohammad Naser
Published: November 2022

Background

The dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) is a mesencephalic area and has numerous functions including cardiovascular regulation. Because nitric oxide (NO) is present in the dmPAG, here we investigate, the probable cardiovascular effect of NO in the dmPAG.

Methods

Five groups (n = 6 for each group) were used as follows: (1) control; (2) L‐NAME (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, 90 nmol); (3) L‐arginine (L‐Arg, a precursor for NO, 60 nmol); (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor, 27 nmol); and (5) L‐Arg + L‐NAME. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by a Power Lab device after cannulation of the femoral artery. Drugs were injected using a stereotaxic instrument. The changes (∆) in systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were calculated at different times and compared to the control group.

Results

Microinjection of L‐NAME significantly increased ∆SBP, ∆MAP, and ∆HR more than saline (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). L‐Arg only significantly increased ∆HR (p < 0.05). In the L‐Arg + L‐NAME group, the above parameters also significantly increased (from p < 0.01 to p < 0.05) but not as significantly as with L‐NAME alone. Microinjection of SNP significantly decreased ∆SBP and ∆MAP more than in the control and L‐NAME groups (from p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), but ∆HR did not change significantly.

Conclusion

The results indicated that NO in dmPAG has an inhibitory effect on cardiovascular responses in anesthetized rats.
Wacker Oxidation of Methylenecyclobutanes: Scope and Selectivity in an Unusual Setting
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Tenberge Marius , Wahl Johannes M.
Published: November 2022

Methylenecyclobutanes are found to undergo Wacker oxidation via a semi‐pinacol‐type rearrangement. Key to a successful process is the use of tert‐butyl nitrite as oxidant, which not only enables efficient catalyst turn‐over but also ensures high Markovnikov‐selectivity under mild conditions. Thus, cyclopentanones (26 examples) can be accessed in an overall good yield and excellent selectivity (up to 97 % yield, generally >99 : 1 ketone:aldehyde ratio). Stereochemical analysis of the reaction sequence reveals migration aptitudes in line with related 1,2‐shifts. By introducing a pyox ligand to palladium, prochiral methylenecyclobutanes can be desymmetrized, thus realizing the first enantioselective Wacker oxidation.
Fast chromatography of pulse triacylglycerols
Authors: Byrdwell William Craig , Kotapati Hari Kiran , Goldschmidt Robert
Published: November 2022

A short 10‐min ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was used for separation and lipidomic analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in 10 pulses: baby lima beans, black beans, black‐eyed peas, butter beans, cranberry beans, garbanzo beans, green split peas, lentils, navy beans, and pinto beans. The lipids extracted using chloroform/methanol averaged 1.9–2.7% across all pulses except garbanzo beans, which gave 6.2% lipids. TAGs were analyzed using dual parallel mass spectrometry (LC1MS2), areas were integrated using LipidSearch 4.2 software, and percent relative TAG compositions were calculated. Fatty acid response factors were calculated by comparison to calibrated GC‐FID, which were used to calculate response‐factor adjusted TAG compositions. Principal component analysis revealed that the pulses separated into three clusters, which were further highlighted using hierarchical cluster analysis. A subset of TAGs was quantified using calibration curves made from alternating sets of regioisomers in the non‐linear high concentration range (~2.5 nMol/ml to ~300 nMol/ml). A linear calibration curve for the sum of tocopherols detected by fluorescence was constructed with a coefficient of determination, r2, >0.99 for low concentrations (0.50–50 μg/ml), but tocopherols in pulses appeared to be inefficiently extracted. TAG regioisomers were quantified based on a Critical Ratio (CR), [AA]+/[AB]+, interpolated between the CRs of two pure regioisomer standards taken from alternating calibration standards. TAG mole percent relative compositions are reported for the first time for most pulses and the compositions are given with more detail and specificity than previously reported.
Corrosion protection of stainless steel by a new and low‐cost organic coating obtained from cashew nutshell liquid
Authors: Nunes Maelson Sousa , Bandeira Rafael Marinho , Figueiredo Francisco Cardoso , dos Santos Junior José Ribeiro , de Matos José Milton Elias
Published: November 2022

In this work, the corrosion protection of 316L steel was promoted by an electro‐synthesized polymer obtained from the technical cashew nutshell liquid (t‐CNSL). Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the polymer formation. The polymer was dispersed in the ethyl acetate solvent and used to form coatings on 316L steel substrates. The coated samples were subjected to electrochemical tests in a saline environment. The coated electrode with poly(t‐CNSL) polymer was exposed to the corrosive medium for 24 days, and superior corrosion protection was observed compared with the uncoated sample. The open circuit potential measurements showed that the coated sample possessed a more positive corrosion potential when compared with the uncoated substrate. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that the coated electrode's polarization resistance (Rp) recorded ~1.0 MΩ cm2 after 24 days of exposure. A decrease in polarization resistance was observed with the exposure time due to the presence of micropores in the t‐CNSL coating. The polarization curves exhibited that the coated electrode with poly(t‐CNSL) has lower corrosion current density and less negative corrosion potential than the uncoated steel electrode. Therefore, t‐CNSL favors the manufacture of thin poly(t‐CNSL) coatings for corrosion protection purposes besides being a low‐cost material.
Substrate‐directed Synthesis of Isocoumarin and 3‐Ylidenephthalide Conjugated Noscapinoids and their Antiproliferative Activities
Authors: Kumar Pedapati Ravi , Chirra Nagaraju , Pranathi Abburi Naga , Bollikonda Rakesh , Alekhya Danaboiena , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Naik Pradeep K. , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: November 2022

A series of new noscapinoids designed; synthesized and assessed whether its 3‐ylidenephthalide and isocoumarin conjugates improved cytotoxicity. Cu‐catalysed Sonogashira coupling of N‐propargyl noscapine with 2‐bromobenzoic acids followed by in‐situ substrate‐directed 5‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig cyclization produced 3‐ylidenephthalide 6 a–6 f and isocoumarin 7 a–7 h analogues in very good yields. In comparison to the lead drug, noscapine, all the newly synthesised derivatives exhibited strong cytotoxic potential in vitro with IC50 ranging from 5.4 μM to 39.5 μM across the evaluated panel of cancer cell lines, without harming normal cells (IC50 >300 μM).
1H‐NMR Metabolomics Profiling and Volatile Content of ‘Hoja Santa’ (Piper auritum Kunth): A Millenary Edible Plant Consumed in Mexico
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Cruz‐Duran Ramiro , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo
Published: November 2022

The leaves of Piper auritum Kunth (‘Hoja Santa’) have been consumed for centuries by native people of central and southern Mexico as a fresh vegetable or condiment. Herein we present the result of the 1H‐NMR metabolomics profiling of three accessions of P. auritum harvested in three different provinces of Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca). The volatile content associated with the flavoring properties of the plant was also determined by GC/MS. The non‐targeted metabolome of these samples revealed that P. auritum is a source of free essential amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan as well as organic acids, free monosaccharides, and valuable nutraceuticals such as trigonelline, Myo‐inositol, betaine, and choline. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminated analysis of the metabolites found in P. auritum revealed trigonelline as the main differential compound found in the three studied accessions, suggesting this metabolite as a possible chemical marker. According to these statistical approaches, 60 % of the differential metabolites were provided by Oaxaca samples, suggesting that leaves harvested in this province have better (p<0.05) nutritional properties than the other samples analyzed. Nevertheless, the high abundance of the anti‐nutrient safrole (90 %) in the volatile fraction, advises the potential toxicity of P. auritum consumed in Oaxaca. On the other hand, samples harvested in the northern highlands of Puebla, contained the lowest levels of safrole (30 %) and acceptable levels of nutrients and nutraceuticals including choline. From the three groups of studied plants, those harvested in the northern highlands from Puebla, could be considered safer for human consumption than the other analyzed accessions.
Role of dental training and distance of the observer on the perception of apically shifted gingival margin with increased vertical tooth size in the esthetic zone
Authors: Montevecchi Marco , Desimini Fabio Paolo , Sforza Nicola , Bagattoni Simone , Piana Gabriela
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the influence of the gingival contour on the smile esthetics. The influence of size, symmetry, teeth involved in apically shifted gingival margins, and the distance and clinical training of the observer were investigated.

Materials and Methods

Two groups were identified: 33 first‐year dental students (inexperienced) and 40 last‐year students (trained). Each observer expressed four evaluations on four different images assigning a score from 0 to 10. Using a picture of an “ideal” female smile, 10 variants were virtually created by shifting (2 and 4 mm) the gingival contour apically at different sites of the upper incisors and canines. A total of 292 evaluations were collected.

Results

Considering a score >6 for a “pleasant smile,” only one 4 mm single alteration at the canine gingival contour obtained an insufficient score. “Observational distance” and “clinical training” did not influence the final score, while size and symmetry of alterations displayed a significant role.

Conclusions

The dental training of the observer and a close interpersonal distance seemed to be irrelevant in the esthetic perception of gingival margin alterations.
Determinants of corporate social responsibility performance in emerging markets: An international orientation perspective
Authors: Li Peng‐Yu
Published: November 2022

For emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a foreign business practice. Because EMNEs are late movers in the international market, their attempts to engage in sustainable development and to improve CSR performance (CSP) are hindered by their limited relevant knowledge and resources. Few studies have investigated how EMNEs achieve high CSP. In this study, a sample of 177 Taiwanese companies in Taiwan listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2015 was examined. Data were collected from the Taiwan Economic Journal database. The effects of international orientation on the level of internationalization, market entry in advanced economies, and adherence to international CSR principles on the CSP of these EMNEs were investigated. The results revealed that higher levels of internationalization, greater market entry in advanced economies, and adherence to international CSR principles are positively related to CSP. In addition, a higher level of internationalization enhances the relationship between adherence to international CSR principles and CSP.
Cross‐sectoral information and actors' contact networks in natural resource governance in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Huber Martin Nicola , Fischer Manuel , Egli Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Governance of natural resources is challenging due to cross‐sectoral dependencies across related sectors such as, for example, water, agriculture, and energy. Actors involved in natural resource governance create network contacts with each other, in order to deal with specific governance issues. An important resource for actors is information, and actors act according to the amount of information they have about other related sectors. In this article, we study how the information actors possess about different sectors is related to their contact network across sectors. We empirically study a case of water management in the Swiss mountain valley of Engadin. We use descriptive and inferential network analysis to show that actors with more information about other sectors establish more contacts in general, as well as with actors from those other sectors. We conclude that successful natural resource governance hinges upon the information that actors have about other sectors related to their sector.
Transition Metal Borate Complexes Containing κ0‐κ6 Denticity of Scorpionate Borate Ligands
Authors: Saha Suvam , Assanar Faneesha , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: November 2022

The recent developments in the field of transition metal (TM) borate complexes have been a landmark in modern coordination chemistry. The structural diversities of these complexes play an important role in several catalytic processes. Generally, polypyrazolyl borate ligands, [BHn(pz)4‐n]− (n=1, 2; pz=pyrazolyl), popularly known as scorpionates have been used extensively for the preparation of TM borate complexes. The presence of multiple donor atoms in the flexible borate proligands led to several coordination modes. Based on the electronic and steric properties of these ligands and the metals, the denticity of borate ligands in TM complexes varied from κ0 to κ6. The presence of different bonding modes of these borate ligands made them very interesting in main group organometallic chemistry. In addition, cooperative activation of boranes by TM complexes containing metal‐nitrogen or metal‐sulfur bonds has become an alternative to the utilization of borate proligands for the synthesis of TM borate complexes. This review summarizes the advancements of the chemistry of TM borate complexes focusing exclusively on the synthetic methods and various bonding scenarios.
Molybdenum Incorporated Strontium‐Iron and Strontium‐Cobalt (SrBMoO3−δ; B=Fe & Co) Perovskites: Preparation and Their Application on Oxidation of Iso‐Eugenol into Vanillin
Authors: Bhavisha Meloth , Aswani Saralabhai , Sreenavya Awadakkam , Neethu P. Purayil , Archana I. Gopinathan , Balamurugan Sarkarainadar , Ganesh Venkatachalam , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal
Published: November 2022

SrBO3−δ (B=Fe & Co) type perovskite oxides and their 25 % molybdenum doped counterparts, SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3−δ (SFMO) and SrCo0.75Mo0.25O3−δ (SFCO) are synthesized by the conventional solid‐state method and systematically characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, nitrogen sorption, and temperature‐programmed reduction. The powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and FTIR spectral analysis evident the formation of the pure cubic phase and the doping of molybdenum into the perovskite crystal lattice. The variable oxidation states of iron and cobalt and the formation of oxygen vacancies are apparent from the TPR‐H2 and TGA curves, respectively. All of the samples have a lower surface area than porous materials, which is typical of the bulk oxide character. The iron‐based perovskite demonstrated superior activity to the cobalt‐based one for the oxidation of iso‐eugenol to 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) when employing aqueous H2O2 as the oxidant. The maximum conversion of 73 % with 63 % selectivity for vanillin was obtained within 1.5 h at 60 °C over the SFMO catalyst. The catalytic conversion was almost similar upon re‐use of the catalyst.
Improving the Measurement of Iron(III) Bioavailability in Freshwater Samples: Methods and Performance
Authors: Balsamo Crespo Emiliano , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda , Smith Ross E. W. , Rose Andrew L. , Batley Graeme E.
Published: November 2022

The toxicity of iron(III) in fresh waters has been detected at concentrations above the iron solubility limit, indicating a contribution of colloidal and particulate forms of iron(III) to the toxicity response. Current water quality guideline values for iron in fresh water are based on analytical determinations of filterable or total iron. Filtration, however, can underestimate bioavailable iron by retaining some of the colloidal fraction, and total determinations overestimate bioavailable iron measurements by recovering fractions of low bioavailability from suspended solids (e.g., iron oxides and oxyhydroxides) naturally abundant in many surface waters. Consequently, there is a need for an analytical method that permits the determination of a bioavailable iron fraction, while avoiding false-negative and false-positive results. Ideally, a measurement technique is required that can be readily applied by commercial laboratories and field sampling personnel, and integrated into established regulatory schemes. The present study investigated the performance of pH 2 and pH 4 extractions to estimate a bioavailable iron(III) fraction in synthetic water samples containing iron phases of different reactivities. The effects of aging on fresh precipitates were also studied. The total recoverable, 0.45-µm filtered, and pH 4 extractable fractions did not discriminate iron phases and age groups satisfactorily. Contrastingly, the pH 2 extraction showed specificity toward iron phases and aging (0.5–2-h interval). Extraction times above 4 h and up to 16 h equally recovered >90% of the spiked iron regardless of its age. Furthermore, <1% of the well-mineralized iron was targeted. The present study shows that a pH 2 dilute-acid extraction is a suitable candidate method to operationally define iron fractions of higher bioavailability avoiding false-negative and false-positive results. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:303–316. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Predictive power of the implied volatility term structure in the fixed‐income market
Authors: Chen Ren‐Raw , Hsieh Pei‐Lin , Huang Jeffrey , Li Xiaowei
Published: November 2022

We apply the interest rate model of Chen, Hsieh, and Huang (CHH), the CHH model, to explore the implied volatility (IV) term structure's predictive power for bond excess returns. The CHH model has two advantages over existing models: (1) it delivers the IV of the interest rate, rather than the volatility of the swap rate on which the conventional swaption pricing model is built, and (2) the CHH model systematically summarizes 100 swaption prices into a volatility term structure with 10 succinct IVs. By exploiting these advantages, we demonstrate the IV term structure's predictive power and its connection to economic conditions.
The global, regional and national epidemiology, incidence, mortality, and burden of ovarian cancer
Authors: Mazidimoradi Afrooz , Momenimovahed Zohre , Allahqoli Leila , Tiznobaik Azita , Hajinasab Negar , Salehiniya Hamid , Alkatout Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

Background

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. Since the accurate assessment of the global burden along with the trend of cancers contributes to the development of policies, this study aimed to explain the incidence, mortality, and burden of ovarian cancer using the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Methods

Epidemiological data have been collected from the study of the GBD 2019. Data were extracted globally for 204 countries and groups based on a socio‐demographic index (SDI), WHO regions, continents, World Bank regions, and 22 GBD regions.

Results

In 2019, a total of 294,422 new cases of ovarian cancer were reported. The highest age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was reported in areas with higher SDI, World high‐income countries, continental Europe, and then America. In GBD regions, the highest age‐standardized incidence is in Central Europe. In 2019, a total of 198,412 deaths due to ovarian cancer were reported. The highest ASR death is related to countries with high SDI and the World Bank high‐income countries. In 2019, adjusted years of life with disabilities (DALYs) due to ovarian cancer were reported to be 5,359,737, of which 5,205,660 were related to lost years of life (YLLs), and 154,077 were related to years of life with disabilities (YLDs).

Conclusions

In 2019, the highest age‐standardized incidence of ovarian cancer, ASR death, and DALYs ASR belong to the high SDI countries. Designing interventions based on risk factors as well as providing preventive approaches to reduce the risk of this cancer, improving the treatment of ovarian cancer, and using appropriate and invasive treatments are recommended.
The relationship between cumulative dose of immunosuppressive agents and COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rastkar Mohsen , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Asanjarani Behzad , Siri Goli , Abdollahi Hamed , Ghadami Ladan , Hasibi Mehrdad , Khodashahi Rozita , Bagheri AmirBehzad , Asadollahi‐Amin Ali
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Immunosuppressive therapy has a key role in developing coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated mucormycosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the type and cumulative dose of immunosuppressive agents on COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis.

Methods

We designed a descriptive cross‐sectional study involving three COVID‐19 hospitals in Iran. Clinical and demographic data were gathered from the medical records and checked by two independent researchers to minimize errors in data collection.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were included in the study. The mean age of cases was 57.41 (SD = 12.64) and 43.8% were female. Among patients, 20.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during COVID‐19. Furthermore, 17 patients (23.29%) had a history of diabetes mellitus. Sixty‐nine patients (94.52%) had a history of receiving corticosteroids (dexamethasone) during treatment of COVID‐19, and of those, five patients (6.85%) received Tocilizumab beside. The mean cumulative dose of corticosteroids prescribed was 185.22 mg (SD = 114.738). The average cumulative dosage of tocilizumab was 720 mg (SD = 178.89). All of the included patients received amphotericin B for mucormycosis treatment, and 42 survived (57.53%). Also, there was a significant relationship between hospitalization in ICU for COVID‐19 and the mucormycosis outcome (p = 0.007). However, there weren't any significant associations between cumulative doses of immunosuppressive drugs and mucormycosis outcome (p = 0.52).

Conclusion

The prevalence of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis is increasing and should be considered in the treatment protocols of COVID‐19. Controlling risk factors such as diabetes, malignancy and the administration of immunosuppressive agents based on recommended dosage in validated guidelines are ways to prevent mucormycosis.
Preliminary report of Iranian Registry of Alzheimer's disease in Tehran province: A cross‐sectional study in Iran
Authors: Fahanik‐Babaei Javad , Sedighi Mohsen , Mehrabi Soraya , Pournik Omid , Sheikh Taheri Abbas , Kamalzadeh Leila , Zarei Mahsa , Roghani Mehrdad , Golab Fereshteh , Almasi Mostafa , Etezadi Afshin , Afshin‐Majd Siamak , Malakouti Seyed Kazem , Rajabi Majid , Moghaddasi Mehdi , Hajati Gholamreza , Golmohammadi Khamne Fatemeh , Jafari Arzhang , Amanollahi Alireza , Baluchnejadmojarad Tourandokht
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and over the 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. We aimed to establish the first database called the Iranian Alzheimer's Disease Registry to create a powerful source for future research in the country. In this report, the design and early results of the Iranian Alzheimer's Disease Registry will be described.

Methods

We performed this multicenter investigation and patients' data including age, sex, educational level, disease status, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) from 2018 to 2021 were collected, registered, and analyzed by GraphPad Prism software.

Results

Totally 200 AD patients were registered in our database. 107 (54%) were women and age of 147 (74%) were over 65. The mean age for men and women was 76.20 ± 8.29 and 76.40 ± 8.83 years, respectively. 132 (66%) were married and 64 (32%) were illiterate. Also, 94 (47%) were in the moderate stage of disease, and 150 (75%) lived at home together with their families. The most frequent neurological comorbidity was psychosis (n = 72, 36%), while hypertension was the most common non‐neurological comorbidity (n = 104, 52%). The GDS score of women in the mild stage (5.23 ± 2.9 vs. 6.9 ± 2.6, p = 0.005) and moderate stage (5.36 ± 2.4 vs. 8.21 ± 2.06, p = <0.001) of the disease was significantly greater than men. In univariate analysis, MMSC score was remarkably associated with stroke (β = −2.25, p = 0.03), psychosis (β = −2.18, p = 0.009), diabetes (β = 3.6, p = <0.001), and hypercholesteremia (β = 1.67, p = 0.05). Also, the MMSE score showed a notable relationship with stroke (β = −2.13, p = 0.05) and diabetes (β = 3.26, p = <0.001) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Iranian Alzheimer's Disease Registry can provide epidemiological and clinical data to use for purposes such as enhancing the current AD management in clinical centers, filling the gaps in preventative care, and establishing effective monitoring and cure for the disease.
Feasibility study of use of desflurane combined with dexmedetomidine in inhibiting postoperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients under general anesthesia: A perspective study
Authors: Hu Yue , Ye Yong , Lin Hui , Chen Jun‐Jie , Sun Ting‐Ting , Zhang Gong‐Wei , Wang Na , Shu Yuan‐Hang , Gong Xue , Ran Fei‐Fei , Zhang Jia‐Li , Tao Yong
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore whether the combined application of desflurane and dexmedetomidine (Dex) reduces the occurrence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in patients. We selected patients in our hospital who underwent surgery under general anesthesia, and divided them into two groups: Dex and desflurane (Dex + Des) and desflurane (Des) groups. The data of patients were collected and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was used to assess cognitive status. The blood cell counts were determined preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 6, and the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes were also recorded. The statistical methods used were the independent‐samples t‐test and the χ2 test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between PND and inflammation. The incidence of PND in the Dex + Des group was lower than that in the Des group. The postoperative MMSE scores in the Dex + Des group were higher than those in the Des group (p = 0.032). The percentage of neutrophils in the Dex + Des group was significantly lower than that in the Des group on the first and third days after surgery (p = 0.007; p = 0.028). The MMSE scores on the first day after surgery were negatively correlated with the multiple changes in white blood counts and the percentage of neutrophils (r = −0.3038 and −0.3330). Dex combined with Des reduced the incidence of PND and reduced the postoperative inflammatory cell counts.
The rapid implementation of a pharmacy student vaccination program with the Department of Health to increase the delivery of intradermal monkeypox vaccinations
Authors: Denninger Jade , Jakeman Bernadette , Arnett Jonathan , Bachyrycz Amy
Published: November 2022

The monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus, which is in the same family of viruses as the variola virus that causes smallpox. The United States (US) has documented the largest number of monkeypox globally with a reported 28 000 people infected. The greatest number of cases in the United States have been reported in men, ages 31–40. More than 90% of US cases between 17 May and 22 July 2022 were reported in men who reported recent sex or close contact with a man. Because of New Mexico's unique experience with pharmacist‐administered tuberculin skin testing, pharmacists and pharmacy students were in a position to fill a community needs to provide intradermal monkeypox vaccinations. Pharmacy students at the University of New Mexico administered 355 subcutaneous doses and 534 intradermal doses of the monkeypox vaccine. The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight how pharmacy student interns can be successfully trained to vaccinate using the intradermal route of administration and provide patient care during this public health outbreak.
Blockage of MDM2‐mediated p53 ubiquitination by yuanhuacine restrains the carcinogenesis of prostate carcinoma cells by suppressing LncRNA LINC00665
Authors: Yan Miao , Li Xin , Gu Jinbao , Gao Guojun , Wu Ziyu , Xue Peng
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging issue for men's health worldwide due to its uncontrolled proliferation and high metastatic potential. Increasing evidence has supported plant extracts and natural plant derivatives as promising antitumor therapy with less toxic side effects. Yuanhuacine is an active component isolated from Daphne genkwa and can effectively suppress the tumorigenesis of several cancers. However, its role in PCa remains unclear. In this study, yuanhuacine dose‐dependently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PCa cells. Moreover, yuanhuacine also restrained the invasion and migration of PCa cells. Mechanically, yuanhuacine decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 protein, and ultimately increased p53 levels, which was regulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation and total protein levels of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Moreover, elevation of MDM2 reversed the suppressive efficacy of yuanhuacine in PCa cell viability, invasion, and migration. The network pharmacologic and bioinformatics analysis confirmed that MDM2 might be a common target of D. genkwa and LINC00665. Furthermore, yuanhuacine inhibited LINC00665 expression. Upregulation of LINC00665 reversed yuanhuacine‐mediated inhibition in MDM2 protein expression and suppressed p53 levels by enhancing its ubiquitination in yuanhuacine‐treated cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of yuanhuacine on cell viability and metastatic potential were offset after LINC00665 elevation. Together, the current findings highlight that yuanhuacine may possess tumor‐suppressive efficacy by inhibiting LINC00665‐mediated MDM2/p53 ubiquitination signaling. Therefore, this study indicates that yuanhuacine may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PCa.
Performance projection of multi‐bias and nonlinear distortion for gallium arsenides nano‐pHEMT
Authors: Alim Mohammad A. , Sultana Sadia , Naima Jannatul , Jui Fahmida S. , Alam Sabrina , Rezazadeh Ali A.
Published: November 2022

Intermodulation distortion tests using the two‐tone technique with an extensive bias range were used to demonstrate the nonlinearity in terms of frequency for active devices like nano pHEMT based on gallium arsenide semiconductor material. It is demonstrated that the intermodulation distortion components are directly connected to the RF transconductance derivatives calculated using the two‐tone test. Furthermore, it was discovered that the third‐order intermodulation distortion power is lowest when the second derivative of the transconductance Gm3is zero. To emphasize the influence of RF transconductance, a two‐tone approach has been presented as an empirical, analytical explanation for this device's nonlinearity. The modeled data is demonstrated to agree with the results of the measurements, making it a helpful tool for analyzing these devices.
Resolvin D1 modulates periodontal ligament fibroblast function
Authors: Zarrough Ahmed E. , Hasturk Hatice , Stephens Danielle N. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kantarci Alpdogan
Published: November 2022

Background

The resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by specialized lipid mediators called lipoxins and resolvins. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a significant role in periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on human PDLF cell wound healing and proliferation, receptor expression (G‐protein‐coupled receptor 32 [GPR32] and formyl peptide receptor 2 [ALX/FPR2]), and cytokine expression and release.

Methods

PDLFs were stimulated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) (500 pg/ml) with and without RvD1 (100 nM). RvD1 receptor expression was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Wound closure was measured by a scratch assay, and proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, cyclooxygenase‐2, matrix metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 (MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases‐1 and ‐2 (TIMP‐1 and ‐2), prostaglandin E2, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression and production were measured using qPCR and Western blotting, multiplex immunoassay, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

PDLF expressed GPR32 and ALX/FPR2. RvD1 reversed IL‐1β‐induced inhibition of wound healing and proliferation of PDLF. IL‐1β also induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. This effect was reversed by RvD1. RvD1 reversed IL‐1β‒induced inhibition of TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, and OPG.

Conclusion

The data suggested that RvD1 has a pro‐wound healing, proliferative, and anti‐inflammatory impact on the PDLF that favors periodontal regeneration.
Effects of the Gully Land Consolidation Project on soil erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wu Ge , Fu Suhua , Zhou Guiyun , Yin Bing
Published: November 2022

Land consolidation can increase the area of arable land and improve the ecology and environment and is widely used worldwide. The Gully Land Consolidation (GLC), as a special type of land consolidation, significantly impacts soil erosion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the GLC on soil erosion and sediment yield under different rainfall events and hydrological years in the Xingshuyaozi watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau, where the GLC area accounted for 10.36% of the watershed. A computer model integrated with the Chinese soil loss equation (CSLE) and the continuity equation of sediment was used. Sediment connectivity before and after the GLC was compared to illustrate the effect of the GLC on sediment yield. The results showed that the reduction in soil loss increased with increasing rainfall amount, and the reduction rate of soil erosion was over 50%. The GLC had the greatest effect on soil erosion in wet years. The GLC effectively decreased sediment at the outlet of the watershed, with over 99% of the sediment being trapped. The reduction efficiency of soil erosion and sediment yield decreased in order of wet year, normal year and dry year. The decreased soil erosion and sediment yield resulted from the significantly lowered slope gradients and sediment connectivity after the GLC. These results indicate that the GLC is an effective soil and water conservation measure. These results can provide technical support for the application of the GLC and policymaking.
Editorial H‐score as a metric of inner authenticity for national scientific journals—Pilot study for the field of pedagogy
Authors: Novotný Petr , Sezemská Karolína Kotvaltová , Schubertová Romana , Janštová Vanda
Published: November 2022

There is evidence that national scientific journals are important for local communities despite their limited audience due to national languages and topics, like in pedagogy. However, it is not easy to assess the level of scientific rigour of local journals, as most do not have available scientometric data and are often published in minority languages. We hypothesize that a possible manifestation of a latent trait of inner authenticity of the scientific journal (meaning the journal is accepted by a community interested in developing the field which conducts internationally accepted research) could be H‐index of the editorial board members. To test this approach, we evaluated H‐index and gender of editorial board members (n = 490) from 17 Czech and Slovak national science‐oriented scientific pedagogical journals which were not indexed or indexed in Erih+ or Scopus, and compared this with the five lowest‐rated journals from the same field indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The H‐index of editorial board members was somewhat higher in indexed journals with those from WoS showing higher scores, and the number of board members with no discernable H‐index was far greater in non‐indexed journals. Editorial boards of journals indexed in WoS were mostly male, compared to a dominance of women on boards of non‐indexed journals. Acknowledging the limited sample, it appears that the H‐index of editorial board members may be a way to value national scientific journals.
A numerical method for pricing discrete double barrier option by Lagrange interpolation on Jacobi nodes
Authors: Sobhani Amirhossein , Milev Mariyan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a rapid and high accurate numerical method for pricing discrete single and double barrier knock‐out call options is presented. With regard to the well‐known Black‐Scholes model, the price of an option in each monitoring date could be calculated by computing a recursive integral formula that is based on the heat equation solution. We have approximated these recursive solutions with the aid of Lagrange interpolation on Jacobi polynomial nodes. After that, an operational matrix, which makes our computation significantly fast, has been derived. In some theorems, the convergence of the presented method has been shown and the rate of convergence has been derived. The most important benefit of this method is that its complexity is very low and does not depend on the number of monitoring dates. The numerical results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the presented numerical algorithm.
Plasma neuropeptide levels in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder and healthy controls: A multiplex immunoassay study
Authors: Hidese Shinsuke , Yoshida Fuyuko , Ishida Ikki , Matsuo Junko , Hattori Kotaro , Kunugi Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Aim

We aimed to compare neuropeptide levels between patients with major psychiatric disorders and healthy controls and examine their association with symptoms and cognitive function.

Methods

The participants were 149 patients with schizophrenia, 115 patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 186 unremitted patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 350 healthy controls. Psychiatric (schizophrenic, manic, and depressive) symptoms, sleep state, and cognitive (premorbid intelligence quotient, general cognitive, and memory) functions were evaluated. A multiplex immunoassay kit was used to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (MSH), β‐endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P levels.

Results

The verification assay revealed that CSF α‐MSH, β‐endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P levels were too low to be reliably measured, while plasma α‐MSH, β‐endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P levels could be successfully measured. Plasma α‐MSH, β‐endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P levels were not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia, BD, or MDD and healthy controls. Plasma α‐MSH, β‐endorphin, neurotensin, oxytocin, and substance P levels were not significantly correlated with psychiatric symptom scores in patients with schizophrenia, BD, or MDD and cognitive function scores in patients or healthy controls.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that plasma neuropeptide levels do not elucidate the involvement of neuropeptides in the pathology of schizophrenia, BD, or MDD.
Pt–Au alloy nanoparticles synthesized by glow discharge plasma for enhanced methanol oxidation reaction performance
Authors: Zhang Anyu , Zhang Jianan , Zheng Jingxuan , Wang Zhao
Published: November 2022

Pt–Au alloy is greatly important to direct methanol fuel cells as electrocatalysts given its stability and anti‐COads poisoning ability. Herein, Pt and Au ions are successfully prepared into Pt–Au alloy nanoparticles by glow discharge plasma without a reducing agent at room temperature. The high electrons from plasma accelerate to form intermetallic compounds. The low operating temperature of plasma inhibits the agglomeration of particles. Compared with the samples by traditional hydrogen thermal reduction, the catalytic activity and stability of samples in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) by plasma are improved due to the stronger metal–metal interaction and smaller size of nanoparticles. The optimal proportion of Pt15Au5/C showed the highest mass activity and specific activity of 1.52 and 6.59 times those of commercial JM Pt/C in electrocatalytic methanol oxidation.
Oscillatory mechanics in very preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure support: Reference values
Authors: Zannin Emanuela , Rigotti Camilla , Neumann Roland P. , Dellacà Raffaele L. , Schulzke Sven , Ventura Maria L.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To create reference values for respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in nonintubated very preterm infants.

Design

Retrospective analysis of data collected as part of prospective observational studies in two centers.

Setting

Tertiary neonatal intensive care units.

Patients

Non‐intubated infants below 32 weeks' gestation age who did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Interventions

We applied FOT using a mechanical ventilator (Fabian HFOi; Vyaire) that superimposed small‐amplitude oscillations (10 Hz) on a continuous positive airway pressure of 3 and 5 cmH2O. Measurements were performed during regular tidal breathing using a face mask.

Main outcome measures

We analyzed 198 measurements performed between 7 postnatal days and 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in 85 infants, with a median (Q1, Q3) gestational age of 30.43 (29.14, 31.18) weeks. Logarithmic transformations were applied to Rrs and Xrs, and the relationship between transformed impedance values and demographic factors was examined by backwards stepwise linear regression.

Results

In univariable analysis, transformed Xrs was significantly associated with PMA, postnatal age, weight, and length, while Rrs was not. The best multivariable regression model estimating transformed Xrs (cmH2O*s/L) at continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) = 5 cmH2O was: Ln(50 − Xrs) = 4.536 − 0.009 x PMA − 0.014 x weight z‐score. SEE = 0.053, R2 = 0.36. The mean (SD) Rrs at CPAP = 5 cmH2O was 33.63 (5.28) cmH2O*s/L.

Conclusion

We have established reference values for Rrs and Xrs at 10 Hz in nonintubated preterm neonates on continuous positive airway pressure support.
Refinement of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis with next generation sequencing
Authors: Rock Michael J. , Baker Mei , Antos Nicholas , Farrell Philip M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been underway universally in the United States for more than a decade, as well in most European countries, and algorithms have been evolving throughout this period with quality improvement projects as immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) determinations alone have been transformed to a 2‐tier strategy with DNA analyses.

Objective

To apply next generation sequencing (NGS) as a screening method to expand the DNA tier and identify substantially more variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to enhance sensitivity and equity while minimizing incidental findings.

Design

Sequential evaluation and improvement plan in three phases using algorithm modifications coupled to statewide follow up and analysis of screening outcomes.

Results

After demonstrating feasibility in the first phase, we studied an IRT/NGS algorithm that included CFTR Variants with Varying Clinical Consequences (VVCCs). This revealed a high identification of CF patients with 2‐variants detected through screening, but for every CF case there were 1.4 with CF metabolic syndrome/CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID). This led us to a third phase of improvement in which the VVCCs were eliminated except for R117H, resulting in 94% 2‐variant detection of patients and 0.44:1 ratio of CRMS/CFSPID to CF.

Conclusion

NGS can be used with IRT as an effective method of identifying infants at risk for CF without an appreciable increase in detection of carriers. Its potential added value includes facilitating equity, enhancing sensitivity and detecting more CF patients with 2‐variants during the screening process.
Poisson's Ratio of f.c.c. Hard‐Sphere Crystals with Cubic Supercells Containing Four Nanochannels Filled by Hard Spheres of Another Diameter
Authors: Narojczyk Jakub W. , Tretiakov Konstantin V. , Wojciechowski Krzysztof W.
Published: November 2022

It is known that a face centered cubic (f.c.c.) crystal of identical hard spheres containing a periodic array of nanochannels, oriented along one of the principal crystallographic directions and filled by hard spheres of another diameter, shows a significant decrease of its Poisson's ratio with respect to pristine crystal. This indicates an essential enhancement of auxetic properties by such nanoinclusions. The present work describes studies of the f.c.c. hard‐sphere crystal containing four nanochannel arrays, oriented along the direction and its images with respect to cubic symmetry group transformations and selected in such a way as to not affect the symmetry of the crystal. The elastic properties of the current model are analyzed under different thermodynamic conditions and for different sizes of inclusions. These studies reveal that the auxetic properties of the system vanish when the diameters of inclusion spheres are greater than the ones forming the matrix f.c.c. crystal and, in the case of the widest nanochannels, also when these diameters are smaller. The studies are performed by Monte Carlo computer simulations in the isothermal–isobaric (NpT) ensemble, using the Parrinello–Rahman approach.
On‐Chip Multiwavelength Single‐Mode Lasers with CdSe Nanoribbons‐Embedded Microcavities
Authors: Cui Zhuangzhuang , Yu Zhaopeng , Zhao Xinchao , Sun Liaoxin , Wang Shaowei , Lu Wei
Published: November 2022

Integrated multiwavelength nanolasers are important in the practical development of optical circuitry for optical information processing and optical data storage. Herein, a new method for on‐chip integrated lasers is proposed, which can integrate single‐mode lasers with multiple wavelengths at room temperature. A four‐wavelength single‐mode nanoribbon laser chip is fabricated for demonstration. The mode of different laser units is controlled by the thickness of dielectric microcavity layers to select the resonant modes of excitation. Therefore, multiwavelength lasing can be coupled out based on the integrated cavity which is realized using combinatorial etching technique and can integrate tens of different‐wavelength lasers on a chip. The lasing modes of this device are all single‐mode lasing because of the short cavity length. Its lowest lasing threshold is only 5.4 kW cm−2. The gain material and the dielectric microcavity can be controlled and fabricated separately, which have strong controllability and flexibility. This new laser chip paves the way for a new class of hybrid nanolasers for chip‐integrated applications.