bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LncRNA NEAT1 correlates with Th17 cells and proinflammatory cytokines, also reflects stenosis degree and cholesterol level in coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Zhu Lingjun , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Miaomiao
Published: April 2022

Background

Long non‐coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (lnc‐NEAT1) regulates endothelial cell functions, CD4+ T cell regulation and chronic inflammation related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Then this case‐control study measured lnc‐NEAT1 expression in CHD patients, aiming to explore its clinical value in CHD management.

Methods

Totally, 120 documented CHD patients and 120 suspected subjects without CHD diagnosis as controls were enrolled. Plasma lnc‐NEAT1 was detected by RT‐qPCR in all participants, plasma inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA, T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th 17 cell proportions in CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis in CHD patients, respectively.

Results

Lnc‐NEAT1 was higher in CHD patients than in controls (p < 0.001). In CHD patients, lnc‐NEAT1 positively associated with Gensini score (r = 0.323, p < 0.001). Besides, lnc‐NEAT1 positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (r = 0.271, p = 0.003), interleukin (IL)‐1β (r = 0.216, p = 0.018), IL‐6 (r = 0.217, p = 0.018) and IL‐17 (r = 0.292, p = 0.001); meanwhile, it was positively associated with the percentage of Th 17 cells (r = 0.384, p = 0.002). However, no correlation was found in lnc‐NEAT1 with the percentage of Th1 or Th2 cells (all p > 0.05). Moreover, lnc‐NEAT1 was correlated with higher hyperuricemia prevalence (p = 0.028), increased total cholesterol (r = 0.263, p = 0.004) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.261, p = 0.004), but was not associated with other characteristics (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Lnc‐NEAT1 correlates with Th17 cells and proinflammatory cytokines, also reflects stenosis degree and cholesterol level in CHD patients, which potentially improves the management of CHD patients.
T-Cell Activation and LPS: A Dangerous Duo for Organ Dysfunction
Authors: Kerr Austin W , Efron Philip A , Larson Shawn D , Rincon Jaimar C
Published: April 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the main components of cell membranes in gram-negative bacteria, is commonly used to promote inflammation-induced organ dysfunction. In the TLR4/LPS pathway, LPS binding protein and CD14 enable lipid A of LPS to be recognized by the TLR4-MD2 receptor complex. The intracellular domain of the TLR4/LPS complex stimulates MyD88-dependent/independent and TRIF-dependent pathways, which in turn activate NF-B and IRF3, leading to subsequent production of pro-inflammatory mediators. LPS has been demonstrated to induce microcirculatory disturbances via promotion of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging the vessels and causing vascular dysfunction. Thus, LPS is frequently used as a systemic model of inflammation as LPS administration increases circulating pro-inflammatory mediators, which triggers leukocyte adhesion and leads to multi-organ failure and death.
Refinement of the α–β quartz phase boundary based on in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements in hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell and an evaluated equation of state of pure H2O
Authors: Li Shenghu , Chou I‐Ming
Published: April 2022

In this study, we determined the α–β quartz phase transition temperatures (Ttrs; up to ~924°C for a total of 23 obtained under 0.1 MPa and elevated pressures) in a hydrothermal diamond‐anvil cell (HDAC) at H2O pressures up to ~1310 MPa by using in situ Raman spectroscopy. When compared with the commonly used α‐quartz Raman band near 465 cm−1 (at 24°C and 0.1 MPa), the one near 128 cm−1 is much more sensitive for detecting Ttr. The corresponding phase transition pressure (Ptr) at each measured Ttr was calculated from three equations of state (EoS) of pure H2O. The corresponding three α–β quartz phase boundaries were compared with those derived from previous experimental results. The best fitted one can be represented by: Ptr (±5.6 MPa) = 0.0008·Ttr2 + 2.8056·Ttr − 1877.5, where 574°C ≤ Ttr ≤ 889°C with R2 = 0.9998. Our results agree, within experimental uncertainties, with most of previous experimental data, and our newly determined α–β quartz Ptr–Ttr phase boundary can be used as a reliable pressure calibrant in HDAC. Furthermore, the experimental procedures used in this study, including the use of Raman spectroscopy criterion for Ttr determination, can be easily applied to obtain improved EoS of geologically important aqueous solutions containing salt(s) at pressure–temperature conditions up to ~1.2 GPa–900°C.
Removal of C9‐aldehydes and ‐alcohols from melon juice via cysteine addition
Authors: Aboshi Takako , Narita Konami , Katsumi Naoyuki , Ohta Tomoya , Murayama Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

Background

The aroma of a melon fruit is among the most crucial qualities that influence consumer preferences. However, strong grassy and cucumber‐like aromas can prevent consumer acceptance. These grassy and cucumber‐like aromas are produced by aldehydes containing nine‐carbon chains. Several studies have revealed that aldehydes exhibit a high affinity toward cysteine. Thus, the effect of adding cysteine to volatile compounds to melon juice was investigated.

Results

The volatile compounds released from the melon juice were analyzed via solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) after 0.5, 5, and 24 h of adding cysteine. The results indicated that the concentrations of aldehydes, such as (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal and (E)‐2‐nonenal, in the melon juice decreased after the addition of cysteine at all the analyzed times. Additionally, (E)‐2‐nonenol and (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadien‐1‐ol, which were formed by the enzymatic reduction of the aldehydes, also decreased by cysteine addition. To confirm the binding of cysteine with the aldehydes, two cysteine adducts were analyzed via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) employing (E)‐2‐nonenal in the melon juice after the addition of cysteine.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that cysteine addition could be potentially used to reduce the grassy and cucumber‐like aromas of melon juice. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of high‐pressure processing on the physicochemical properties and glycemic index of fruit puree in a hyperglycemia mouse model
Authors: Wu Yi‐Jing , Lu Yi‐Ching , Wu Yu‐Hsiang , Lin Yan‐Han , Hsu Chin‐Lin , Wang Chung‐Yi
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

In this study, the duration of high‐pressure processing (HPP) required to achieve a 5 log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fruit purees was evaluated. Banana, cantaloupe, and dragon fruit purees were subjected to HPP at 600 MPa for 300, 270, and 270 s, respectively, and their physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were then analysed. Diabetic mice were fed fresh and HPP‐treated purees to observe their effects on the glycemic index (GI) and postprandial blood glucose response.

RESULTS

Compared with their fresh counterparts, the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees exhibited significantly higher viscosities, lower glucose concentrations, and higher glucose dialysis retardation indices and showed disrupted sucrose invertase and polygalacturonase activities. The GI and postprandial blood glucose response were not significantly different between the fresh and HPP‐treated cantaloupe purees. By contrast, the peak time of glucose response (Tmax) was delayed from 30 min to 60 min, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was reduced by 40% in the mice fed HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees. The GIs of the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees (were 50.3 and 44.8, respectively) were significantly lower than those of their fresh counterparts (85.1 and 75.2, respectively).

CONCLUSION

HPP can change the physicochemical properties of fruit purees, resulting in stabilized blood glucose levels and lower GIs after consumption. Therefore, purees processed in this manner would benefit consumers and patients with diabetes/pre‐diabetes who need to maintain stable blood glucose levels (Fig. S1). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gate driver with low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide thin‐film‐transistor circuits for low power consumption and narrow bezel AMOLED displays
Authors: Kim Junyeong , Jang Jin
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel gate driver circuit using low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide (LTPO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The proposed circuit consists of only six TFTs, four p‐type LTPS, and two n‐type a‐IGZO TFTs, without capacitor. The proposed circuit operates well when oxide TFTs have threshold voltage (VTH) of −7.5 V, which is very depletion mode. Without bootstrapping, low gate bias stress occurs on TFTs in the proposed circuit. With dual gate (DG) structure of oxide TFTs, the stability of the proposed circuit is improved. In addition, by utilizing extremely low off‐state current of oxide TFTs, ultra‐low power consumption can be achieved. The total power consumption of the proposed gate driver is less than 100 mW under a‐IGZO TFT's VTH of −6 V at 120 Hz 4k (3,840 × 2,160) resolution display. The fabricated circuit works perfectly at a pulse width of 1 μs equivalent to operating speed of 500 kHz. The proposed circuit can be applied to ultra‐high definition (UHD) and narrow bezel AMOLED display.
Evaluation of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as comonomer in the preparation of water‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazinic herbicides
Authors: Díaz‐Álvarez Myriam , Martín‐Esteban Antonio , Turiel Esther
Published: April 2022

In this work, the preparation and evaluation of water‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazines using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid as comonomers is described. Four sets of molecularly imprinted and non‐imprinted polymers for propazine were prepared at varying monomer molar ratios (from 4:0 to 1:3), and evaluated for the recognition of several triazines directly in aqueous media. The evaluation was performed by loading 1 mL of an aqueous solution containing 500 ng of each selected triazine, washing with 500 μL of acetonitrile, and eluting with 500 μL of methanol followed by 2 × 500 μL of a solution of methanol containing 10% of acetic acid. Final determinations were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. Improvement in molecular recognition of triazines in water was obtained on those molecularly imprinted polymers incorporating 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in 3:1 or 2:2 molar ratios, being the former selected as optimum providing recoveries for propazine up to 80%. A molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction protocol was developed to ensure that triazines‐selective recognition takes place inside selective binding sites in pure water media. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the selected triazines in environmental waters providing limits of detection from 0.16 and the 0.5 μg/L concentration range.
Associations between therapist factors and treatment efficacy in randomized controlled trials of trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and youth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grainger Lauren , Thompson Zoe , Morina Nexhmedin , Hoppen Thole , Meiser‐Stedman Richard
Published: April 2022

Previous research suggests that the effect of therapist factors on patient outcomes is significant. Yet, to date, no reviews have explored the potential effects of therapist characteristics on treatment outcomes for children and youth with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the professional characteristics of trial therapists delivering trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral interventions (TF‐CBT) for child PTSD in clinical trials and understand the association between treatment efficacy and therapist factors. Systematic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published through November 3, 2020, were conducted; 40 RCTs were included in the full review. PTSD treatment outcome data were extracted from each publication along with any available data regarding trial therapists. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes of interventions conducted by different types of therapists. All therapist groups yielded significant effects for TF‐CBT relative to active and passive control conditions, with the largest effect size, Hedges’ g = −1.11, for RCTs that used clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. A significant moderating effect was found when comparing the treatment outcomes of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists versus other professionals, p = .044; however, this effect was no longer apparent when only studies with an active control arm were included. Further moderator analyses demonstrated no significant differences regarding therapists’ educational and professional backgrounds and PTSD treatment outcomes. The current RCT evidence for TF‐CBT for children and youth with PTSD does not suggest that therapist educational or professional background influences treatment efficacy. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Implementation of immunohistochemical staining among mohs micrographic surgeons
Authors: Sarlin Samantha K. , Beroukhim Kourosh , Tarantino Isadore , Goldberg Leonard H. , Kimyai‐Asadi Arash
Published: April 2022

Background

Immunohistochemical staining has been used as part of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to improve sensitivity for the detection of subtle residual tumors. It is typically used in the histopathologic detection of tumors such as malignant melanoma, extramammary Paget disease, and poorly differentiated and spindle cell neoplasms.

Materials and Methods

The study involved a questionnaire link emailed by the American College of Mohs Surgery to its members. The survey sought demographic information and asked about the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains during fellowship training and in current practice as well as reasons why IHC staining is not incorporated into certain practices. The data were tabulated and analyzed.

Results

A total of 84 surveys were completed. Of these, 30 (35.7%) indicated having received training in IHC during the fellowship, whereas 54 (64.3%) did not. Currently, 32 (38.1%) respondents utilize IHC in their practice, whereas 52 (61.9%) do not. Among those who trained in IHC during the fellowship, 60% (n = 18) continue to utilize IHC, whereas among those whose fellowship did not incorporate IHC, 74.1% (n = 40) do not utilize IHC. A number of different immunostains were reportedly utilized during fellowship and in current practice. Among those not utilizing IHC, the top reasons cited were lack of sufficient volume to justify use (n = 38, 70.3%), cost of implementation (n = 38, 70.3%), the stains being time‐consuming (n = 36, 66.7%), and lack of familiarity with reading immunohistochemical stains (n = 29, 53.7%).

Conclusions

The use of IHC among Mohs surgeons appears to be rising compared to previous historical studies, but significant barriers remain to widespread implementation.
Controlling the number of normal measures at successor cardinals
Authors: Apter Arthur W.
Published: April 2022

We examine the number of normal measures a successor cardinal can carry, in universes in which the Axiom of Choice is false. When considering successors of singular cardinals, we establish relative consistency results assuming instances of supercompactness, together with the Ultrapower Axiom (introduced by Goldberg in [12]). When considering successors of regular cardinals, we establish relative consistency results only assuming the existence of one measurable cardinal. This allows for equiconsistencies.
Impact of business innovation on future employment in Nigeria
Authors: Osabohien Romanus , Worgwu Haoma , Rafi Syed Kashif , Adediran Oluwasogo , Matthew Oluwatoyin , Aderounmu Busayo
Published: April 2022

As the global economy continues to recover from COVID‐19 shocks, slower growth and not enough jobs to commensurate the growing labour force are observed. In line with SGD‐8, promoting decent work, sustainable economic growth, higher levels of productivity and technological innovation, this study argues that encouraging entrepreneurship for job creation is key to securing future employment. The study applied the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to carry out the impact analysis. In addition, the study employed the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to determine the linear relationship between entrepreneurship innovation and future employment. The study used the Youth Enterprise with Innovation (YouWiN) baseline survey (2019). The study engaged four innovation measures: the introduction of new products and services, access to the internet, utilisation of emails for marketing and firm's involvement in online advertisement. The PSM analysis results show that the four measures of innovation by firms have a positive and significant impact on future employment. Based on the results, the study concludes by recommending that various measures of innovation should be adopted in enterprises' activities to drive future employment.
Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia toward Noninvasive prenatal testing: A single center study
Authors: Akiel Maaged A. , Mohamud Mohamud S. , Masuadi Emad M. , Alamri Hassan S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a screening tool for chromosomal aneuploidies. Prior knowledge of NIPT is an inherent factor in the decision‐making process. We assessed the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women related to prenatal testing with a particular focus on NIPT.

Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study, using a culturally validated questionnaire, was conducted with 342 pregnant women of whom 74.9% consented for prenatal screening. Mean age and gestational weeks ± standard deviation was 31 ± 5 and 26 ± 11, respectively.

Results

A positive/very positive attitude was observed to ultrasound, followed by FCT, NIPT, and lastly to CVS. More than half of the participants (56.1%) had no previous knowledge of NIPT. A reaching significance association was detected between education and knowledge of NIPT. Significant association was detected between risk for aneuploidy and knowledge of NIPT. The majority (74%) indicated their willingness to perform the test. The effect and value of society on the pregnant women to make a decision regarding NIPT was negligible.

Conclusion

The pregnant women in the current study displayed a lack of knowledge and awareness regarding prenatal screening, particularly the NIPT. We recommend that pregnant women receive adequate counseling regarding prenatal screening to increase their awareness and knowledge of prenatal testing, including NIPT.
Establishment of a pure culture of immature Sertoli cells by PDGFRA staining and cell sorting
Authors: Malolina Ekaterina A. , Galiakberova Adelya A. , Dashinimaev Erdem B. , Kulibin Andrey Yu.
Published: April 2022

Sertoli cells are key somatic cells in the testis that form seminiferous tubules and support spermatogenesis. The isolation of pure Sertoli cells is important for their study. However, it is a difficult effort because of the close association of Sertoli cells with peritubular myoid cells surrounding seminiferous tubules. Here, we propose a novel approach to the establishment of a pure Sertoli cell culture from immature mouse testes. It is based on the staining of testicular cells for platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), followed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and culturing of a PDGFRA‐negative cell population. Cells positive for a Sertoli cell marker WT1 accounted for more than 96% of cells in cultures from 6 to 12 days postpartum (dpp) mice. The numbers of peritubular myoid cells identified by ACTA2 staining did not exceed 4%. Cells in the cultures were also positive for Sertoli cell proteins SOX9 and DMRT1. Amh and Hsd17b3 expression decreased and Ar and Gata1 expression increased in 12 dpp cultures compared to 6 dpp cultures, which suggests that cultured Sertoli cells at least partially retained their differentiation status. This method can be employed in various applications including the analysis of differential gene expression and functional studies.
A cell‐centered finite volume formulation of geometrically exact Simo–Reissner beams with arbitrary initial curvatures
Authors: Bali Seevani , Tuković Željko , Cardiff Philip , Ivanković Alojz , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: April 2022

This article presents a novel total Lagrangian cell‐centered finite volume formulation of geometrically exact beams with arbitrary initial curvatures undergoing large displacements and finite rotations. The choice of rotation parameterization, the mathematical formulation of the beam kinematics, conjugate strain measures, and the linearization of the strong form of governing equations are described. The finite volume based discretization of the computational domain and the governing equations for each computational volume are presented. The discretized integral form of the equilibrium equations is solved using a block‐coupled Newton–Raphson solution procedure. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is presented by comparing the simulated numerical results with classic benchmark test cases available in the literature. The objectivity of strain measures for the current formulation and mesh convergence studies for both initially straight and curved beam configurations are also discussed.
A comprehensive review of current research on various materials used for developing composite bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Mathew Cijo , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Devanathan Lenin Singaravelu
Published: April 2022

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells or proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is a clean, reliable, and efficient power source, especially in fuel cell electric vehicles for converting chemical energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy. Bipolar plates (BP) are vital components in PEMFC since they contribute significantly to fuel cells weight, volume, and cost. Traditionally BP was fabricated from high‐density graphite material. However, the drawbacks of graphite plates like high volume, weight, and difficulty in machining lead to research in developing alternative materials for BP. Metals and composite materials have attracted attention as alternative materials in recent studies. Composite BP was preferred more due to corrosion problems and expensive coating requirements of metallic plates. This article presents a comprehensive review of current research on various materials used for developing polymer composite BP. The properties of polymer composite BP made of traditional and recently developed thermosetting or thermoplastic resins reinforced with conductive carbon‐based fillers like expanded graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube and graphene are discussed. The challenges and future research trends on materials and processes for developing composite BP are also proposed.
Intracranial calcification and psychotic symptoms after irradiation in a patient with Fanconi anemia: A case report
Authors: Iki Soichiro , Shimizu Hitomi , Morimoto Yoshiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Ohashi Aiko , Tayama Tatsuyuki , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at high risk for the development of malignancies, and are often treated with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy during childhood can cause intracranial calcification after a latent period, which has been associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite the high sensitivity of patients with FA to radiation, intracranial calcification has rarely been reported in these patients.

Case Presentation

A 17‐year‐old girl presented with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. She had been diagnosed with FA at 3 years old, and had received a bone marrow transplant at 5 years old with a preparative regimen that included total body irradiation. Results of IQ tests revealed a characteristic pattern of decline between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Computed tomography indicated multiple intracranial calcifications in regions associated with psychotic symptoms, including the frontal lobe and thalamus. The patient's psychiatric symptoms improved with the administration of blonanserin.

Limitations

The patient did not have regular intracranial imaging, making it difficult to confirm a direct relationship between intracranial calcification, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether the intracranial calcification in this case can be explained entirely by irradiation.

Conclusion

This case suggests a link between FA, intracranial calcification, and psychosis, in which intracranial calcification may have caused psychiatric symptoms. At present, evidence regarding the characteristics of psychiatric symptoms of intracranial calcification and its treatment is lacking. The current case will be helpful for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disorder and developing appropriate treatment protocols.
High impact strength modified Melamine–Formaldehyde resin with special “building blocks” structure
Authors: Shi Yanqin , Shen Jiaqi , Qiu Tao , Chu Qindan , Chen Si , Ma Meng , He Huiwen , Wang Xu
Published: April 2022

Two kinds of modified melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin with high impact strength were prepared, especially the modified MF resin with the special “building blocks” structure. First, three copolymers (HMM‐PEGDGE, HMM‐PPGDGE, and HMM‐C12‐14AGE) of glycidyl ether [polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PPGDGE), C12‐14 alkyl glycidyl ether (C12‐14AGE)] and hexahydroxymethyl melamine (HMM) were synthesized and proved by FTIR and 1H NMR. Then, the copolymers were mixed with melamine–formaldehyde resin water solution to prepare samples (EMM1‐PEs, EMM1‐PP, and EMM1‐C12‐14) through drying and hot pressing. The results indicated that the addition of HMM‐PEGDGE could significantly improve the impact strength of EMM1‐PEs, much higher than EMM1‐PP and EMM1‐C12‐14. Meanwhile, PEGDGE was also directly mixed with melamine–formaldehyde resin water solution and made into samples (EMM2‐PEs). The results showed that the impact strength of EMM2‐PEs was also higher than pure MF but lower than EMM1‐PEs. The impact strength of EMM1‐PE‐20 reached 9.46 kJ/m2, about two times that of pure MF. The mechanism of EMM1‐PEs with high impact strength was ascribed to the special “building blocks” structure, which had the flexible HMM‐PEGDGE block, could cause many cracks because of the poor compatibility between HMM‐PEGDGE and melamine–formaldehyde resin.
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and risk of antihypertensive treatment intensification and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with stable hypertension and depression
Authors: Desai Raj , Park Haesuk , Brown Joshua D. , Mohandas Rajesh , Smith Steven M.
Published: April 2022

Study Objective

To compare the risk of antihypertensive treatment intensification (TI) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with the initiation of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in patients with stable hypertension and depression.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Data Source

IBM MarketScan® commercial claims database and Medicare Supplemental claims database from 2007 to 2019.

Patients

Patients aged 18 years or older with stable treated hypertension and depression who newly initiate either serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs.

Intervention

Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors versus SSRIs.

Measurements and Main Results

The primary outcomes were: (1) TI (first occurrence of antihypertensive regimen augmentation or dose escalation); (2) MACE (first occurrence of stroke or acute myocardial infarction). Baseline risk between the two groups was balanced via 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). After 1:1 PS matching, we included 19,160 patients in the study cohort (mean age: 52 years, 62% females) of which 9580 initiated serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and 9580 initiated SSRIs. Patients who initiated serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors had 15 MACE events (incidence rate per 1000 person‐years [IR], 3.9) and 1675 TI events (IR, 540.2), compared with 17 MACE events (IR, 4.0) and 1774 TI events (IR, 518.5) in the SSRI group. The risk of TI (aHR: 1.01, [95% CI: 0.94, 1.08]) and MACE (aHR: 0.98, [95% CI: 0.49, 1.96]) did not differ among patients initiated serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors versus SSRIs.

Conclusions

Among patients with stable hypertension and depression, initiation of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors had a similar risk of antihypertensive TI and MACE compared to initiation of SSRIs. Future study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm our findings.
Registration of seven disease‐ and pest‐resistant vegetable soybean germplasm lines
Authors: Bowen Roger , Bardeau Amanda , Schultz Sarah , Hartman Glen L.
Published: April 2022

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm lines LB18‐49 (Reg. no. GP‐448, PI 699118), LB18‐52 (Reg. no. GP‐456, PI 699119), LB18‐57 (Reg. no. GP‐455, PI 699120), LB18‐58 (Reg. no. GP‐454, PI 699487), LB18‐65 (Reg. no. GP‐453, PI 699488), LB18‐67 (Reg. no. GP‐452, PI 699489), and LB18‐75 (Reg. no. GP‐451, PI 699121) are large seeded, non‐genetically modified organism soybean lines ranging in maturity from maturity group (MG) 00 through MG IV. Each line contains a single gene for resistance to soybean aphid or Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR). LB18‐49 and LB18‐58 have resistance to soybean aphid biotype 3 (Rag1) provided by LD06‐16721. Soybean aphid resistance to biotype 2 (Rag2) was derived from LD08‐12441 for LB18‐65. LD08‐12582 provided Rag2 resistance for LB18‐52 and LB18‐57. ‘Williams 82’ was the source of the PRSR resistance gene, Rps1k, for LB18‐67 and LB18‐75. Large‐seeded cultivars ‘Tohya’ (MG 00), ‘BeSweet 2001’ (MG II), ‘Gardensoy 24’ (MG II), and ‘Gardensoy 41’ (MG IV) served as recurrent parents with pest‐resistant donor lines to develop large‐seeded, pest‐resistant soybean lines in a range of maturity groups. The combined pest resistance and large seed size, in a range of maturities, will be valuable for breeders developing large‐seeded pest‐resistant cultivars.
A comprehensive theoretical analysis on the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions with the Lewis bases having multiple hydrogen bonding abilities
Authors: Naghani Farhad Fereydooni , Emamian Saeedreza , Zare Karim
Published: April 2022

This work comprehensively studies the intermolecular H … O and H … N hydrogen bonding (HB) interactions between 3H‐pyrrol‐3‐one as a computationally simple model Lewis base (LB) comprising two different basic centers (sp2hybridized O and N atoms) andhydrogen halides(Hal‐H, Hal = F, Cl, Br, and I) as common Lewis acids (LAs). In an equimolar mixture of LB and any of LAs, the formation of H … O and H … N HBs can compete with each other over the course of binary (dimer) complexation processes. Computed values of counterpoise‐corrected interaction energies (CP‐IE) together with energy decomposition analysis (EDA) through symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) reveal that these HBs should be classified as “weak‐to‐medium” ones which are mainly dominated with electrostatic interactions. Among many explored correlation analyses, within the binary complexes formation, the values of CP‐IE are perfectly linearly correlated with those of electron density at the bond critical points of the mentioned HBs, , leading to two different regression equations as ‐ . These equations allow that an accurate prediction of the value of CP‐IE for H … O and H … N HBs is made feasible using the value of easily and rapidly computable without an explicit (direct) calculation of the so costly CP‐IE. Such equations, also, were used to accurately and individually predict CP‐IE values in ternary (trimer) complexes where both of approximatelypairwise additiveH … O and H … N HBs can be formed at once. Moreover, in terms of the calculated values of cooperativity energies, these two HBs make each other weaken portraying an anticooperativity in the ternary complexes studied.
On friction measurements and certification of slip‐preventing materials for road freight usages
Authors: Lépine Julien , Bégin‐Drolet André
Published: April 2022

Slip‐preventing materials are often used as tertiary packaging to improve cargo securement and simplify truck loading. There are many national and international standards on their safe usage based on the extra friction they can provide. However, it is challenging to quantify the coefficient of friction (CoF) of slip‐preventing materials. This paper presents CoFs of three slip‐preventing materials and one baseline condition measured on different surfaces and contact pressures. These measurements show interesting phenomena that affect the result variability. For instance, 60% of the pairs of surfaces tested were affected by the contact pressure. Hence, the load of the freight seems to affect performance of the slip‐preventing materials. This interaction happened in different ways such as changes in the friction mode (constant slip and stick slip at difference frequencies and magnitudes). The typical CoF values available in standards as well as standardized measurement methods do not consider very well these effects nor how to deal with high variability of CoF measurements. This can lead to either over or under CoF estimations. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a statistical method to quantify slip‐preventing material CoFs based on variability and confidence intervals of the measurements.
Global and regional circulation trends of norovirus genotypes and recombinants, 1995–2019: A comprehensive review of sequences from public databases
Authors: Kendra Joseph A. , Tohma Kentaro , Parra Gabriel I.
Published: April 2022

Human noroviruses are the leading global cause of viral gastroenteritis. Attempts at developing effective vaccines and treatments against norovirus disease have been stymied by the extreme genetic diversity and rapid geographic distribution of these viruses. The emergence and replacement of predominantly circulating norovirus genotypes has primarily been attributed to mutations on the VP1 capsid protein leading to genetic drift, and more recently to recombination events between the ORF1/ORF2 junction. However, large‐scale research into the historical and geographic distribution of recombinant norovirus strains has been limited in the literature. We performed a comprehensive historical analysis on 30,810 human norovirus sequences submitted to public databases between the years 1995 and 2019. During this time, 37 capsid genotypes and 56 polymerase types were detected across 90 different countries, and 97 unique recombinant genomes were also identified. GII.4, both capsid and polymerase, was the predominately circulating type worldwide for the majority of this time span, save for a brief swell of GII.17 and GII.2 capsid genotypes and a near‐total eclipse by GII.P16, GII.P21 and GII.P31 beginning in 2013. Interestingly, an analysis of 4067 recombinants found that 50.2% (N = 2039) of all recorded sequences belonged to three recently emerged recombinant strains: GII.2[P16], GII.4[P31], and GII.4[P16]. This analysis should provide an important historical foundation for future studies that evaluate the emergence and distribution of noroviruses, as well as the design of cross‐protective vaccines.
Primary Cutaneous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Scalp: A Case Report, Immunohistochemistry and Review of the Literature
Authors: Temnithikul Bhakinai , Rungrunanghiranya Suthat , Limtanyakul Piyakan , Jerasuthat Suthep , Paige David G.
Published: April 2022

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is an uncommon adnexal skin tumour with fewer than 200 cases studied in detail in the English literature. We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a few Southeast Asian cases of PCACC on the scalp of a 70-year-old Thai female. She presented with a slow-growing, painless, solid to cystic, skin-coloured tumour on her scalp. When excisional biopsy was done, histopathological findings showed dermal tumour that had a classic histologic appearance composed of basaloid cells arranged in a cribriform pattern with ‘punched-out’ pseudocysts filled with mucin (swiss cheese pattern) and had perineural invasion. The clinical and histopathological findings, and complete investigations confirmed the diagnosis of PCACC. Our case illustrates that PCACC, is an important histopathological differential diagnosis to bear in mind due to its locally aggressive nature and tendency to recur due to perineural invasion. A wide local excision with at least 2 cm of tumour-free margins was performed, which revealed no residual carcinoma. The patient remained disease-free for 16 months after diagnosis. PCACC is usually located on the head or neck of people in their sixth decade of life, with a female predominance. The aetiology of PCACC is unclear. The majority of PCACCs have the MYB-NFIB fusion gene or show overexpression of MYB by immunohistochemistry. Diagnosis of PCACC is primarily based on the characteristic histological appearance, as there are no distinguishing clinical features. The diagnosis of PCACC requires careful exclusion of infiltration or metastasis from other primary lesions. Treatment of this rare tumour is wide surgical excision with at least 2 cm of tumour-free margins to reduce the risk of local recurrence, and long-term follow-up for possible recurrence of PCACC is recommended. This case emphasizes the importance of careful inspection for the diagnosis of PCACC after initial surgery and pathological evaluation of the mass lesion for appropriate diagnosis and therapy.
Ultrastable and High‐Rate 2D Siloxene Anode Enabled by Covalent Organic Framework Engineering for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuchan , Wu Yang , An Yongling , Wei Chuanliang , Tan Liwen , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui
Published: April 2022

Siloxene as a new type of 2D material has wide potential applications due to its special structure. Especially, as anode for lithium‐ion batteries, siloxene shows promising prospect due to its small volume change and low diffusion pathway. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase and low electronic conductivity lead to the low Coulombic efficiency, poor rate capability, and limited cycling performance. To settle the problems, a thin porous covalent organic framework (COF) coating layer is designed by in situ growth on micro‐sized siloxene. With the inherent ionic conductive and electrolyte compatible advantages of COF, the engineered siloxene demonstrates superior electrochemical performance with 96% capacity retention at 8 A g−1 for 1500 cycles.
Robust Ruddlesden‐Popper phase Sr3Fe1.3Mo0.5Ni0.2O7‐δ decorated with in‐situ exsolved Ni nanoparticles as an efficient anode for hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Tong Yawen , Liu Tong , Zhang Dong , Yu Na , Zhou Jian , Li Yueqin , Gu Xiang‐Kui , Wang Yao
Published: April 2022

A highly efficient Ruddlesden‐Popper structure anode material with a formula of Sr3Fe1.3Mo0.5Ni0.2O7‐δ (RP‐SFMN) has been developed for hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cells (HF‐SOFC) application. It is demonstrated that a nanostructured RP‐SFMN anode decorated with in‐situ exsolved Ni nanoparticles (Ni@RP‐SFMN) has been successfully prepared by annealing the anode in reducing atmosphere similar to the operating conditions. The phase compositions, valence states, morphologies, and electrocatalytic activities of RP‐SFMN material have been characterized in detail. In addition, the in‐situ exsolution mechanism of the metallic Ni phase from the parent oxide is clearly explained by using density function theory calculation. The peak output power density at 800°C is significantly enhanced from 0.163 to 0.409 W/cm2 while the electrode polarization resistance is effectively lowered from 0.96 to 0.30 Ω cm2 by the substitution of B‐site Fe by Ni, which is attributed to the improved electrocatalytic activities induced by the in‐situ exsolved Ni nanocatalysts. Moreover, the single cell with RP‐SFMN anode exhibits good stability in 3% H2O humidified H2 and syngas for 110 and 60 h at 800°C, respectively. Our findings indicate that RP‐SFMN is a greatly promising anode candidate of HF‐SOFCs due to its good electrochemical performance and stability during the operation.
The unseen work of establishing engineering leadership development initiatives
Authors: Melvin Elizabeth M. , Bowles Boz , Steele Adrienne
Published: April 2022

When it comes to engineering leadership program development, having a well‐formulated plan with clear goals and objectives is paramount. Consider your programs to be works‐in‐progress and be prepared for potential challenges.
Looking to the future: Four key purposes of engineering leadership education
Authors: Rottmann Cindy , Kendall Meagan R.
Published: April 2022

The concluding article of this engineering leadership (EL) development sourcebook looks to the future of the field by exploring four key purposes of EL education: the pursuit of knowledge, personal growth, professional preparation and social transformation.
Case Study #2: James Madison University
Authors: Gipson Kyle G. , Paterson Kurtis G.
Published: April 2022

The Madison Engineering Leadership Development program seeks to enhance the technical mastery required in engineering by blending it with the value‐added skills of building character, understanding core values, working in/leading teams, relationship management and inspiring others.
Case Study #3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Authors: Niño David
Published: April 2022

The case summarises 14 years of experiences with undergraduate and graduate programmes in engineering leadership at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Acute stroke-like deficits associated with nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: an illustrative case and systematic review of literature
Authors: Rossi Simone , Romoli Michele , Urbinati Giacomo , Benini Matteo , Russo Michele , D’Anna Lucio , Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Sacco Simona , Querzani Pietro , Foschi Matteo
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (NKHHS) is associated with a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes including acute stroke-like deficits. Clinical features and etiology have not been established yet.

Methods

Here we provide a case illustration and systematic review on non-epileptic acute neurological deficits in NKHSS. The systematic literature search followed PRISMA guidelines and a predefined protocol, including cases of NKHSS with acute stroke-like presentation.

Results

The database search yielded 18 cases. Hemianopia was the most common clinical presentation (73%), followed by partial or total anterior circulation syndrome (26%). Patients with symptoms of acute anterior circulation infarct were significantly older (69.5 ± 5.1 vs. 52.2 ± 13.9 years;p = 0.03) and showed higher mean glucose levels at the admission vs. those with hemianopia (674.8 ± 197.2 vs. 529.4 ± 190.8 mg/dL;p = 0.16). Brain MRI was performed in 89% of patients, resulting abnormal in 71% of them, especially hemianopic (91%). Subcortical hypointensities in T2-FLAIR MR sequences were present in all the analyzed cases. Cortical DWI hyperintensities were also common (64%). EEG showed diffuse or focal slow wave activity in 68% of patients, especially with visual hallucinations (85%). Neurological symptoms completely resolved in 78% of patients within 6 (IQR 3–10) days, following aggressive treatment and glucose normalization.

Conclusions

Our results suggest neuronal dysfunction on a metabolic basis as the leading cause of acute neurological deficits in NKHHS. Despite the generally favorable prognosis, prompt identification and aggressive treatment are crucial to avoid irreversible damage. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm our findings.
The role of airspeed variability in fixed-time, fuel-optimal aircraft trajectory planning
Authors: Wells Cathie A. , Kalise Dante , Nichols Nancy K. , Poll Ian , Williams Paul D.
Published: April 2022

With the advent of improved aircraft situational awareness and the need for airlines to reduce their fuel consumption and environmental impact whilst adhering to strict timetables, fixed-time, fuel-optimal routing is vital. Here, the aircraft trajectory planning problem is addressed using optimal control theory. Two variants of a finite horizon optimal control formulation for fuel burn minimization are developed, subject to arrival constraints, an aerodynamic fuel-burn model, and a data-driven wind field. In the first variant, the control variable is expressed as a set of position-dependent aircraft headings, with the optimal control problem solved through a reduced gradient approach at a range of fixed airspeeds. The fuel optimal result is taken as the lowest fuel use recorded. In the second variant, both heading angle and airspeed are controlled. Results from three months of simulated flight routes between London and New York show that permitting optimised en-route airspeed variations leads to fuel savings of 0.5% on an average day (and up to 4% on certain days), compared with fixed airspeed flights. We conclude that significant fuel savings are possible if airspeeds are allowed to vary en route to take optimal advantage of the wind field.
In Vitro ADME and Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Ulotaront, a TAAR1/5-HT1A Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Xiao Guangqing , Chen Yu-Luan , Dedic Nina , Xie Linghong , Koblan Kenneth S. , Galluppi Gerald R.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Ulotaront (SEP-363856) is a TAAR1 agonist with 5-HT1A agonist activity currently in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia. The objectives of the current study were to characterize the in vitro ADME properties, preclinical PK, and to evaluate the DDI potential of ulotaront and its major metabolite SEP-383103.

Methods

Solubility, permeability, plasma protein binding, CYP inhibition and induction, transporter inhibition and uptake studies were conducted in vitro. Phenotyping studies were conducted using recombinant human CYPs and FMOs, human liver microsomes and human liver homogenates. Preclinical plasma and brain pharmacokinetics were determined after a single intraperitoneal, intravenous, and oral administration of ulotaront.

Results

Ulotaront is a compound of high solubility, high permeability, and low binding to plasma proteins. Ulotaront metabolism is mediated via both NADPH-dependent and NADPH-independent pathways, with CYP2D6 as the major metabolizing enzyme. Ulotaront is an inducer of CYP2B6, and an inhibitor of CYP2D6, OCT1 and OCT2, while SEP-383103 is neither a CYP inducer nor a potent inhibitor of CYPs and human transporters. Ulotaront exhibits rapid absorption, greater than 70% bioavailability, approximately 3.5 L/kg volume of distribution, 1.5-4 h half-life, 12-43 ml/min/kg clearance, and good penetration across the blood–brain barrier in preclinical species.

Conclusions

Ulotaront has been designated as a BCS1 compound by US FDA. The ability of ulotaront to penetrate the blood–brain barrier for CNS targeting has been demonstrated in mice and rats. The potential for ulotaront and SEP-383103 to act as perpetrators of CYP and transporter-mediated DDIs is predicted to be remote.