bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of tibial plateau fractures by modified posterior medial approach
Authors: Sun Weijun , Zheng Yusong
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo report the effect of posterior medial approach preserving pes anserinus in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture.MethodPatients who underwent surgery in a large hospital due to tibial plateau fractures from December 2013 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients underwent a posteromedial approach preserving the pes anserinus and a traditional posteromedial approach.The general information, fracture classification, preoperative and postoperative conditions of the patients were recorded and compared. HSS score and VAS score were used to evaluate knee function and pain respectively.ResultAll patients were followed for more than 1 year.In general, there were no statistically significant differences to the baseline demographic factors between the two groups.The patients in the observation group had longer operation time, more intraoperative bleeding and intraoperative fluoroscopy times, the difference was statistically significant.The observation group had lower VAS scores, either on day 1, day 3 or day 14 after surgery.The observation group had a better HSS score 3 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in HSS score between the two groups one year after operation.Similarly, the patients in the observation group had better knee range of motion 3 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in HSS score between the two groups one year after operation.ConclusionIn conclusion, compared with the traditional posteromedial approach, the modified posteromedial approach with pes anserinu preserved can significantly reduce soft tissue injury in the operative area, relieve early postoperative pain, and improve early knee range of motion.
A qualitative study of the interaction experiences between family caregivers and community nurses for disabled elderly people at home
Authors: Guo Panpan , Wang Shiguang , Niu Meilan , Li Ling , Wu Chuqiao , Zhao Di , Yang Huashan , Ma Rui , Wang Peng
Published: July 2022

Background: Family members are currently the main caregivers of the disabled elderly people at home. With declining health and increasing frailty, caregiving of disabled elderly people becomes a task of family caregivers in conjunction with community nurses. Interaction between family caregivers and community nurses can effectively improve the quality of home care for the disabled elderly people. This study aimed to investigate the interaction experiences between family caregivers and community nurses for disabled elderly people at home.Methods: This research was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data were collected from family caregivers of the disabled elderly and community nurses in Zhengzhou city, Henan Province. Conceptual content analysis and Colaizzi’s method was used to generate qualitative codes and identify themes.Results: A total of 12 interviews were completed, including 7 family caregivers and 5 community nurses. Three themes were identified: 1)Establish a collaborative relationship ; 2)Get professional support; 3) Factors that promote and hinder the interaction.Conclusions: Findings from this study suggested that the interaction between family caregivers and community nurses will be very beneficial, which will reduce the burden of family caregivers and improve the quality of care for disabled elderly people. Providing a new perspective that we can develop and implement intervention to facilitate positive interactions and bring the highest quality of care to older adults with disabilities.
The regulatory effect of miR-221/222 on endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Gao Wei , Yuan Liming , Zhang Yue , Si Yue , Wang Yushuai
Published: July 2022

Objective
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a kind of adult mesenchymal stem cell, which show a repair effect in ischemic tissues due to its capacity of endothelial differentiation. MicroRNA‑221/222 (miR‑221/222) has been extensively studied in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanism that regulates ADSCs differentiation toward ECs is unknown. In this work, we investigated the effects of miR-221/222-overexpressing/silence in ADSCs on endothelial differentiation by construction of lentiviral vectors.
Methods
The differentiative capacity was assessed by measuring the expression of endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, CD144 and eNOS). Meanwhile, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and tube-like formation were performed for evaluation of functional characterization. In order to clarify the function mechanism of this gene, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was investigated by western blotting. The revascularization of miR-221/222-transfeted ADSCs were further verified in vivo experiment.
Results
The results confirmed that transfection with miR-221/222 gene promoted the expression of endothelial markers, LDL uptake and tube-like formation. As expected, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was effectively activated during the endothelial differentiation of ADSCs when miR-221/222 genes were highly expressed. Furthermore, injection of miR-221/222 transfected ADSCs could significantly improve rat hindlimb ischemia evidenced by increase in blood flow and structural integrity, and reduce in inflammatory infiltration.
Conclusion
The results of the present study suggested that miR-221/222 is essential for endothelial differentiation in ADSCs, providing a novel strategy for modulating vascular formation and ischemic tissue regeneration.
Research on Implicit Intent Recognition Method Based on Prompt Learning
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Li Lanting , Fang Ming , Hung Chih-Cheng , Yang Shihao
Published: July 2022

As one of the core modules of the dialogue system, intent recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction. Most of the existing intent recognition research is limited to simple, direct, and explicit intent recognitions. However, the natural human-computer interactions are flexible and diverse, and the expressions are often the euphemistic implicit intentions. Therefore, the implicit intent recognition brings new research challenges in this field. This paper pioneers a Chinese Implicit Intent Dataset CIID, which covers 7 common intents from different fields, and the data is the text containing the user's implicit intent. Based on this corpus, it is the first time prompt learning is employed for implicit intent recognition and by constructing a suitable prompt template, the model can get "relevant hints" to dig out the true intention of the user. Finally, this paper evaluates a range of classification models on CIID dataset. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the proposed model is 97.6%, and achieves the state-of-the-art recognition accuracy. Furthermore, since it is difficult to collect the user's implicit intention data, this paper also explores the performance of these classification models on the CIID dataset with few-shot settings, and the experimental results show when the training data is reduced to 4.7%, the recognition rate of the proposed model can still keep 92.4%, which is significantly higher than other baseline models, the results further prove this proposed method is advanced and robust.
The Nonlinear Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Temperature Response to External Radiative Forcing in Decadal Climate Simulations
Authors: Fahad Abdullah A. , Molod Andrea , Menemenlis Dimitris , Heimbach Patrick , Trayanov Atanas , Strobach Ehud , Coy Lawrence , Wargan Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

To predict the future climate on multiyear timescales, it is crucial to understand how the changing external radiative forcing (CO2 and Ozone) drives the climate and impacts the skill of intra-seasonal to multiyear climate prediction. In this study, we use a 1-degree configuration of the GEOS-MITgcm coupled general circulation model to understand the response to different levels of observed external forcing from past decades. We ran `perpetual' experiments for 1992, 2000, and 2020, each with their respective year’s external forcing. Results of the perpetual simulations showed that the Northern Hemisphere polar stratospheric temperature increases from 1992 to 2000, whereas it decreases from 2000 to 2020. We further conducted a 10-member ensemble of transient climate simulations for the 1992--2020 period with observed external forcing and found a similar positive temperature trend from 1992 to 2000 and a negative trend from 2000 to 2020. This is in contrast to the general expectation that the stratosphere cools as CO2 increases. A similar opposing pattern of temperature trends exists in reanalyses and CMIP6 historical simulations with a well-resolved stratosphere. Analysis of the results showed that the external forcing change during the years 1992-2000 increases the tropical diabatic heating, and intensifies the wave activity related meridional heat transport to the Northern Hemisphere mid to high-latitudes, which, in turn, increases the polar stratospheric temperature. In contrast, during the 2000-2020 period the meridional heat transport decreases, contributing to a decrease in the polar stratospheric temperature. The long-wave radiation change in these periods responds to the changing temperature and so doesn't play a significant role in driving them.
Genomic Investigations of Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Aetiology in Children
Authors: Breuer Judith , Morfopoulou Sofia , Buddle Sarah , Montaguth Oscar Torres , Atkinson Laura , Guerra-Assunção José Afonso , Storey Nathaniel , Roy Sunando , Lennon Alexander , Lee Jack , Williams Rachel , Williams Charlotte , Tutill Helena , Bayzid Nadua , Bernal Luz Marina Martin , Moore Catherine , Templeton Kate , Holden Matthew , Shah Priyen , Cooray Samantha , Voice Marie , Steele Michael , Fink Colin , Whittaker Thomas , Santilli Giorgia , Gissen Paul , Brown Rachel , Kaufer Benedikt , Reich Jana , Andreani Julien , Simmonds Peter , Alrabiah Dimah , Hereza Sergi Castellano , Andrade Catarina , Anderson Glenn , Kelgeri Chayarani , Waddington Simon , Diaz Juan Antinao , Hatcher James , De Surjo , Chiozzi Riccardo , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Jacques Thomas , Hoschler Katja , Talts Tiina , Celma Cristina , Gonzalez Suam , Gallagher Eileen , Simmons Ruth , Watson Conall , Mandal Sema , Zambon Maria , Chand Meera , Campos Luis , Martin Joanne , Thomson Emma , Ushiro-Lumb Ines , Levin Michael , Brown Julianne , Breuer Judith
Published: July 2022

Since the first reports of hepatitis of unknown aetiology occurring in UK children, over 1000 cases have been reported worldwide, including 268 cases in the UK, with the majority younger than 6 years old. Using genomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods, we undertook extensive investigation of 28 cases and 136 control subjects. In five cases who underwent liver transplantation, we detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) in the explanted livers. AAV2 was also detected at high levels in blood from 10/11 non-transplanted cases. Low levels of Adenovirus (HAdV) and Human Herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), both of which enable AAV2 lytic replication, were also found in the five explanted livers and blood from 15/17 and 6/9 respectively, of the 23 non-transplant cases tested. In contrast, AAV2 was detected at low titre in 6/100 whole bloods from child controls from cohorts with presence or absence of hepatitis and/or adenovirus infection. Our data show an association of AAV2 at high titre in blood or liver tissue, with unexplained hepatitis in children infected in the recent HAdV-F41 outbreak. We were unable to find evidence by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry or proteomics of HAdV or AAV2 viral particles or proteins in explanted livers, suggesting that hepatic pathology is not due to direct lytic infection by either virus. The potential that AAV2, although not previously associated with disease, may, together with HAdV-F41 and/or HHV-6, be causally implicated in the outbreak of unexplained hepatitis, requires further investigation.
The Effect of Financial Scarcity on Reinforcer Pathology: A Dyadic Developmental Examination
Authors: Crandall Amanda K. , Epstein Leonard H , Fillo Jennifer , Carfley Kevin , Fumerelle Eleanor , Temple Jennifer L.
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated scarcity on the reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) and delay discounting (DD), which together create reinforcer pathology (RP), among parents and offspring from two age groups and diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. A stratified sample of 106 families (53 parent/child aged 7–10 dyads & 53 parent/adolescent aged 15–17 dyads), from high- and low-income households, visited our laboratory for three separate appointments. Each appointment included the experimental manipulation of acute scarcity, operationalized as financial gains and losses, and computer-based DD and RRV tasks. The results showed that regardless of food insecurity or acute scarcity, children had greater RP (β = 1.63, p < .001) than adolescents or parents, who were similar to one another. DD was largely unaffected by acute scarcity in any group, but families with food insecurity had greater DD (β = -0.09, p = .002) compared with food secure families. Food insecure parents with children responded to financial losses with an increase in RRVfood (β = -0.03, p = 0.011), while food secure parents and food insecure parents of adolescents did not significantly change their responding based on the financial losses. This study replicates findings that financial losses increase the RRVfood among adults with food insecurity and extends this literature by suggesting that this is strongest for parents of children. This relationship was not present in the offspring. This study suggests that parents of children reporting food insecurity will be the most at risk for increased caloric consumption.
Negative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Antibody Response Following Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Patient on Ocrelizumab
Authors: MD Mahsa Khayat-Khoei , Conway Sarah , MD Douglas A. Rubinson , MD Petr Jarolim , MD Maria K. Houtchens
Published: July 2022

Several vaccines for novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are now available. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients on anti-CD20 therapy, blunted antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to some vaccines have been reported. However, there is no data on immune response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies. We present a patient with MS on ocrelizumab, who received the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, and did not seroconvert 27 days after the second vaccine dose as measured by an FDA approved Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay.
Local immune responses to tuberculin skin challenge in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated baboons: a pilot study of younger and older animals
Authors: Scordo Julia M , Piergallini Tucker J , Reuter Nicole , Headley Colwyn A , Hodara Vida L , Gonzalez Olga , Giavedoni Luis D , Papin James F , Turner Joanne
Published: July 2022

Individuals over the age of 65 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which account for one-third of deaths in this age group. Vaccines are a primary tool to combat infection, yet they are less effective in the elderly population. While many groups have aimed to address this problem by studying vaccine-induced peripheral blood responses in the elderly, work from our lab and others demonstrate that immune responses to vaccination and infectious challenge may differ between tissue sites and the periphery. In this pilot study, we established an in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity model of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and tuberculin skin test (TST) in two adult and two aged baboons. Vaccination generates BCG-specific immune cells that are recruited to the skin upon tuberculin challenge. We tested short term recall responses (8 weeks post-vaccination) and long term recall responses (25 weeks post-vaccination) by performing skin punch biopsies around the site of tuberculin injection. In short term recall responses, we found increased oxidation and decreased production of immune proteins in aged baboon skin at the site of TST challenge, in comparison to adult skin. Differences between adult and aged animals normalized in the long term response to tuberculin. In vitro, aged peripheral blood mononuclear cells had increased migration and functional responses to antigen-specific stimulation, suggesting that age-related changes in the tissue in vivo impairs aged immune recall responses to antigenic challenge. These findings highlight the impact of age-associated changes in the local tissue environment in memory recall responses, which may be more broadly applied to the study of other tissues. Moreover, these findings should be considered in future studies aimed at understanding and improving aging immune responses to vaccination and tissue challenge.
Urban-rural differences in catastrophic health expenditure among households with chronic non-communicable disease patients: evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Fu Xian-zhi , Sun Qi-wei , Sun Chang-qing , Xu Fei , He Jun-jian
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) challenges the Chinese health system reform. Little is known for the differences in catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) between urban and rural households with NCD patients. This study aims to measure the differences above and quantify the contribution of each variable in explaining the urban-rural differences.MethodsThe second and the fourth waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, conducted in 2012 and 2016, were employed in this cross-sectional study. The techniques of Fairlie nonlinear decomposition and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were employed to measure the contribution of each independent variable to the urban-rural differences.ResultsThe CHE incidence and intensity of households with NCD patients were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The explained disparity of CHE incidence increased from 3.15% in 2012 to 27.04% in 2016, and the corresponding values of CHE intensity rose from 21.30% in 2012 to 53.37% in 2016. The major contribution to the urban-rural differences in CHE was associated with household economic status, education level, health status and supplementary medical insurance (SMI).ConclusionsCompared with urban households with NCD patients, rural households with NCD patients have higher risk of incurring CHE and heavier economic burden of diseases. Policy interventions should give priority to decreasing the urban-rural disparity in observable characteristics mentioned above.
Single-screen Bark Particle Separation Can be Used to Engineer Stratified Substrate Systems
Authors: Fields Jeb S. , Criscione Kristopher S. , Edwards Ashley
Published: July 2022

Substrate stratification is an emerging substrate management strategy involving layering multiple substrate materials within a single container to modify physiochemical characteristics of the substrate system. Specifically, stratifying allows growers and researchers to rearrange the air–water balance within a container to modify hydraulic characteristics. Moreover, fertilizer can be incorporated into just the upper strata to reduce leaching. Research to date has shown benefits associated with resource efficiency, production timing, and weed control. With the associated benefits for substrate stratification, interested growers will need pragmatic solutions for onsite trials. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify a cost-effective solution for growers interested in exploring stratification options. As such, this research was designed to identify a single-screen bark separation to generate fine and coarse bark textures suitable for use as the top and bottom substrate strata. Loblolly pine bark (Pinus taeda) was screened with either a 4.0-mm, 1/4-inch, or 3/8-inch screen, with the particles passing through the screen (unders) separated from retained particles (overs). Stratified substrate systems were engineered with an individual screen wherein the fines were layered atop the coarse particles from the same screen. ‘Natchez’ crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) liners were planted in either of the three stratified substrate treatments or a nonstratified control. Substrate physical characteristics were assessed for each strata by pre- and postproduction properties to identify changes of substrate. The final growth index of the crop was unaffected by the substrate treatment (P = 0.90); however, stratified substrates did increase dry root weight (P = 0.02), with the smallest screen (4.0 mm) resulting in the greatest root weight. Separation of roots between the two strata indicated the presence of more roots in the upper strata in all substrates. However, the stratified substrates resulted in a greater shift in root location, encouraging increased rooting in the upper strata with fine particles, with the largest screen (3/8 inch) resulting in the greatest differentiation between upper and lower rooting. Each stratified treatment had increase in water-holding capacity in the lower (coarser) strata without changes in the upper strata. Thus, we conclude that single screens can be used to build stratified substrate systems. Moreover, screen aperture size may be used to achieve different outcomes with regard to root growth and development as well as water–air balance. Further research may indicate that screen selection may be used to target specific crop needs.
Afet Yönetimindeki Paradoks: 2020 Ege Denizi Depremi
Authors: BİLGİLİ Alper , SANATÇI AKTAŞ Gaye
Published: July 2022

Kamu yönetimi anlayışında yaşanan paradigma değişimi, afet yönetiminde de birtakım değişiklikleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bürokratik uzmanlık gerektiren komuta kontrol esaslı merkeziyetçi ve bürokratik afet yönetimi anlayışı yerine yetki ve sorumlulukların yukarıdan aşağıya kurgulanmadığı çok aktörlü ve dayanışmacı afet yönetimi anlayışı ağırlık kazanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, “Afet yönetimi politikalarında merkeziyetçi/bürokratik afet yönetimi ile çok aktörlü/dayanışmacı afet yönetimi modellerinden hangisinin ağırlıklı olarak uygulandığının belirlenmesi” araştırmanın problemi olarak belirlenmiş olup bu kapsamda, “afet yönetimine ilişkin karar verme yetkisi ve uygulama sorumluğu merkezi hükümet, yerel yönetimler ve sivil toplum kuruluşları arasında nasıl paylaştırılmaktadır?” sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Araştırma, 2020 yılında yeryüzünde meydana gelen depremler arasında en ölümcül deprem olarak kayıtlara geçen 2020 Ege Denizi Depreminin nitel ve karma yöntemlerin analizinde kullanılan MAXQDA Analytics Pro 20 programıyla içerik analizi şeklinde incelenmesini kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler; merkezi yönetim kapsamında İzmir Valiliği ve Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı’nın, yerel yönetimler kapsamında İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve Seferihisar Belediyesi’nin sivil toplum kuruluşlarının kapsamında ise AKUT ve İHH İnsanı Yardım Vakfı’nın resmi Twitter hesaplarına ait 30-31 Ekim ve 1 Kasım 2020 tarihindeki paylaşımları içermektedir. Araştırmada sonuç olarak, çok aktörlü / dayanışmacı afet yönetimi yaklaşımının politika belgelerinde yer aldığı ancak afet anında yetki ve sorumluluğun ağırlıklı olarak merkezi yönetimin kontrolünde yürütüldüğü sonucuna varılmıştır.
Samsun İli için Sıcak Hava ve Soğuk Hava Dalgalarının Zamansal Analizleri
Authors: GÜNEŞ Sena , EFE Bahtiyar
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada, Samsun ili için sıcak ve soğuk hava dalgalarının zamansal olarak analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Samsun ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan, Samsun Merkez ve Bafra meteoroloji gözlem istasyonlarından 1990-2019 yılları arasındaki dönem için temin edilen maksimum ve minimum sıcaklık verileri kullanılmıştır. Sıcak hava dalgalarının tespiti sırasında maksimum hava sıcaklıklarının 90. persentil değerleri hesaplanarak referans alınmıştır. Soğuk hava dalgalarının tespiti sırasında minimum hava sıcaklıklarının 10. persentil değerleri hesaplanarak referans alınmıştır. Hesaplanan 90. persentil referans değerinin üzerinde kalan maksimum hava sıcaklıklarının, üst üste en az beş gün boyunca kesintisiz olarak devam etmesi sıcak hava dalgası olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hesaplanan 10. persentil referans değerinin altında kalan minimum hava sıcaklıklarının üst üste en az beş gün boyunca kesintisiz olarak devam etmesi, soğuk hava dalgası olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu yol ile elde edilen sıcak ve soğuk hava dalgaları analiz edilmiştir. Bütün analizler R programlama dili kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; Samsun ve Bafra istasyonunda tespit edilen sıcak hava dalga sayılarının son yıllara doğru artış gösterdiği, soğuk hava dalga sayılarının ise son yıllara doğru azalış gösterdiği hesaplanmıştır. Sıcak hava dalgası olaylarının ortalama süresi her iki istasyon için de bütün mevsimlerde artmıştır. Soğuk hava dalgalarının süresi ise sonbahar mevsimi hariç azalmaktadır. Sonbahar mevsiminde her iki istasyonda da soğuk hava dalgalarının süresi artmıştır.
Using the business model canvas to improve audit processes
Authors: Dobrowolski Zbysław , Sułkowski Łukasz , Panait Mirela
Published: July 2022

The study aims to determine whether auditors can use a business model canvas in their operations and how it increases the auditing value. This paper uses qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with 37 internal auditors from Poland. It shows that the current channel of communicating audit assumptions with requesters is insufficient to facilitate audit processes. The auditors’ communication with their clients is limited by being in their knowledge area. The study presents a modified business model canvas, which fits auditors’ needs. The proposed changes rely on a different sequence of the traditional Osterwalder’s Canvas building blocks. Besides, modified Osterwalder’s model includes Mission, Impact, and Accountability blocks. These blocks, added to the model, make aware audit parties that the auditors are mission-focused and impact-driven on audited organizations and their environment. Adopting the business model canvas framework in the audit process showed potential, as auditors can better explain audit goals and limitations. The study fits the literature related to firms because it emphasizes that creating the process understandability for external parties is a crucial performance point.
Patrones de género en las prácticas de tortura cometidas por policías de Jalisco (2008-2019)
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Abraham , López Montes de Oca José Alberto , González González Rogaciano
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se analizó el patrón de métodos de tortura empleados por policías del estado de Jalisco en contra de 81 ciudadanos civiles en el periodo 2008-2019. Todos los casos se asociaron a detenidos por participar en presuntos delitos, riñas, o incidentes viales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en relación a los métodos de sufrimiento físico y emocional durante la tortura. Se analizaron 50 recomendaciones de derechos humanos para obtener una muestra de 81 ciudadanos. Se eligieron solo aquellos casos con la información completa de género, método de tortura y municipio donde ocurrieron los hechos. La información se analizó con el test de ji al cuadrado y se estimó el factor de riesgo para estudios transversales a través del modelo odds ratio. Se identificaron siete métodos de tortura aplicados de forma generalizada a hombres y mujeres. Además, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la aplicación de asfixia contra hombres y violencia sexual contra mujeres, aunque con escasa frecuencia. Finalmente, se encontró un riesgo seis veces mayor de experimentar el método de asfixia en hombres, y nueve veces mayor cuando ocurrió en la ciudad de Guadalajara o su Zona Metropolitana. Las diferencias significativas identificadas en los métodos de tortura perpetrados contra mujeres y hombres se asocian a la violencia de género. Los policías que participaron de este delito eligieron métodos basados en estereotipos de género, provocando efectos diferenciados y específicos en sus víctimas.
Influence of organic fertilizers and silicon on the physiology, yield, and nutraceutical quality of the strawberry crop
Authors: Hernández Valencia Rey David , Juárez Maldonado Antonio , Pérez Hernández Armando , Lozano Cavazos Carlos Javier , Zermeño González Alejandro , González Fuentes José Antonio
Published: July 2022

A suitable combination of organic sources of nutrients can allow an adequate growth, yield of the strawberry crop, and decrease the use of chemical fertilizers to the benefit of the environment and consumers. Likewise, silicon can help plants to withstand adverse environmental, biological, and edaphic conditions, increasing and improving production quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three sources of organic fertilization: one of animal origin (fish); one of vegetable origin (corn), and one of animal and vegetable origin (fish - corn) plus a chemical treatment such as control (Steiner), with three silicon concentrations of 0, 15 and 20 ppm. Growth parameters, physiological parameters, as well as nutraceutical performance and quality were evaluated in strawberry fruits of the Camino Real cultivar, under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (4 x 3). The results of vegetative growth and physiological parameters of the treatments with organic fertilization showed statistically equal values ​​to the control treatment, likewise for the yield and nutraceutical quality. The addition of silicon to the doses studied did not cause effects on any of the variables studied. The results suggest that it is totally feasible to replace chemical fertilization with organic, obtaining identical results.
Application of innovative trend analysis on rainfall time series over Rajsamand district of Rajasthan state
Authors: Pastagia Jinal , Mehta Darshan
Published: July 2022

Rainfall is an important part of the hydrological cycle, as well as its variability, and is relevant to drought and floods. Long-term changes in hydrological processes are referred to as climate change for an area. Urbanization, population growth, and economic growth are all having negative effects on the environment. The study of trends in the long term is essential from climatic change and socioeconomic perspectives. Examining the temporal variations in rainfall is crucial because changes in rainfall patterns and distribution can have a significant impact on the amount of water available in a watershed. The objective of the study is to assess the long-term (1902–2021) temporal trends in seasonal (winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) and annual rainfall for the Rajsamand district of Rajasthan state using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) technique. Due to its ability to provide results in graphical form, the ITA approach is a very useful tool for detecting patterns in rainfall time series data. This technique is also used to detect trends as ‘low,’ ‘medium,’ and ‘high,’ which should be considered in future studies on floods ‘high’ and drought ‘low’, respectively. Based on the above study, it is observed that no trend is detected for the annual season, a positive trend is detected in the winter season and a negative trend is detected for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in some regimes respectively. The ITA of the S-W monsoon also specifies that in the low regime the nature of the trend is increasing and in the high regime nature of the trend is decreasing. This research will serve as a scientific foundation for assessing and mitigating the effect of climate change on the environment to reduce the risk of weather patterns.
Sequential biological and solar photocatalytic treatment system for greywater treatment
Authors: Priyanka Kumari , Remya Neelancherry , Behera Manaswini
Published: July 2022

In this study, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic process was coupled to a solar photocatalytic reactor (SPCR) for greywater treatment. The greywater effluent from SBR (operated at the optimal condition: 6.8 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), 0.7 Volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and 7.94 d solids retention time (SRT) with optimal corn cob adsorbent dosage (0.5 g/L)) was fed to the SPCR (operated at optimal conditions: pH – 3, H2O2 dosage – 1 g/L, catalyst dosage – 5 g/L). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 92.8±0.5% and ∼100% were achieved in SBR and SBR-SPCR, respectively. Similarly, total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 91±0.9% and ∼100% were observed in SBR and SBR-SPCR, respectively. After SBR treatment, average total nitrogen (TN) removal of 84% was found and this TN removal increased to 93% after combined SBR-SPCR treatment. The maximum PO43−_P reduction of 80±1.5% % was achieved with SBR-adsorption system. In addition, a maximum of 87±0.9% of net PO43−_P removal was reached after SBR-SPCR treatment. 58.9±2.3% BP (benzophenone-3) removal was obtained in the SBR while the integration of SBR and SPCR treatment was resulted in 100% BP removal. An effective anionic surfactant (AS) removal rate (80.1±2.2%) was observed in the SBR phase, which further improved to 94.9±1% at the end of 4 h SPCR treatment.
Matematik Öğretmenliği Lisans Öğrencilerinin Geometrik Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi: Trigonometri Örneği
Authors: ALTIKARDEŞ Ekin , YİĞİT KOYUNKAYA Melike
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı lise matematik öğretmenliği lisans öğrencilerinin birim çember ve trigonometrik oranlar konularında kullandıkları geometrik alışkanlıkları incelemektir. Bu çalışmanın teorik altyapısını “Zihnin Geometrik Alışkanlıkları” çerçevesi oluşturmaktadır. Durum çalışması ile desenlenen bu çalışmanın katılımcı grubu, lise matematik öğretmenliği lisans programında birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören on iki tane öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın veri grubu, öğrencilere yazılı olarak verilen ve çözmeleri istenen birim çember ve trigonometrik oranlar kavramlarına dair sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri benimsenen çerçeve ışığında betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, öğrencilerin trigonometri konusunda en sık kullandıkları geometrik alışkanlıkların ilişki kurarak muhakeme etme ve değişmeyenlerin incelenmesi; en az kullandıkları geometrik alışkanlığın ise keşfetme ve yansıtma dengesi kurma olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları öğrencilerin neredeyse tamamının geometrik alışkanlıkları kullanma konusunda yeterli düzeyde olmadıklarını göstermiştir.
Beşinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Grafik Okuryazarlık Beceri Düzeylerinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: YALÇIN Doğan , DURAN Erol
Published: July 2022

Çalışmada 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin grafikleri okuma-anlama, yorumlama ve dönüştürme becerilerinin ne düzeyde olduğunu belirlemek, grafik okuryazarlığı öğretiminin öğrencilerin bu becerileri geliştirmedeki etkisini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Grafikler; verilerin işlenmesi, yorumlanması ve anlamlandırılması açısından önem taşır. Matematikten tıpa birçok farklı alanda grafikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle öğretim sürecinde grafik okuryazarlık becerisi gelişmiş bireylerin akademik ve sosyal hayatlarında daha başarılı olacağı aşikârdır. Bu sebeplerle bu araştırmanın yapılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırmada nicel model kullanılmıştır. Birinci alt problem için betimsel tarama; ikinci alt problemde ise ön test-son test tek gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem seçme tekniği ile belirlenmiş olup 5. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören 16 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “5. sınıf öğrencileri için “Grafik Okuryazarlığı Düzey Belirleme Testleri” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde aritmetik ortalama, yüzde hesaplama ve tekrarlı ANOVA istatistiklerinden yararlanılmıştır.

Elde edilen veriler dikkate alındığında grafiği okuma anlama boyutunun kalıcılık testinin, ön teste göre; grafiği dönüştürme boyutunun son test ve kalıcılık testinin, ön teste göre; grafik okuryazarlığı becerilerinin son testi ve kalıcılık testinin, ön teste göre pozitif yönde anlamlı farklılıklara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Yorumlama boyutunda testlerdeki ikili karşılaştırmalar incelendiğinde testler arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.
Problem Tabanlı Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dersine Yönelik Öğrenci Görüşleri
Authors: ŞAHİN Şeyma , KILIÇ Abdurrahman
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı; ölçme ve değerlendirme dersinin uzaktan öğretime dayalıproblem tabanlı öğrenmeye göre nasıl düzenlenebileceğini göstermek ve buyönteme göre düzenlenen derse karşı öğrenci tutumlarını belirlemektir.Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden eylem araştırması ilegerçekleştirilmiştir. Eylem araştırması döngüsü üç aşamadan oluşmuştur. Dersintasarımı “problem tabanlı öğrenme” anlayışına uygun olarak yapılandırılmıştır.Araştırmanın çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde “amaçlı örnekleme” yöntemikullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu; Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinde OkulÖncesi Öğretmenliği bölümünde lisans eğitimi alan 48 üçüncü sınıf öğrencisioluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerden 38’i kız, 10’u ise erkektir. Verilerintoplanmasında; “Süreç Değerlendirme Formu” ve “Öğrenci Mektupları”kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Öğrencilerinsürecin başında dersin tasarımına yönelik olumsuz görüşleri olduğu, bugörüşlerin süreç boyunca azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Süreç boyunca öğrencilerinproblem tabanlı öğrenmeye karşı tutumlarının olumlu yönde değişim gösterdiğisonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin iletişim platformlarından, iletişimzamanlarından ve iletişimin niteliğinden şikâyet ettikleri görülmüştür. Zamanlaöğrencilerin sürece adapte olduğu, iletişimle ilgili olumsuz düşüncelerin oldukçaazaldığı, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yapılan canlı derslerin öğrencilerin derse veproblem çözmeye karşı tutumlarını olumlu etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Problem tabanlı öğrenme modelinin Ölçme ve Değerlendirme dersiningerektirdiği bütün bilgi ve becerilerin kazanılmasında etkili olduğu sonucunaulaşılmıştır
Overview of the research undertaken within the Laboratory for Neural Circuit of Multisensory Integration
Authors: Takeishi Asuka
Published: July 2022

Senses are key to responding to environmental stimuli and survival depends on appropriate responses. Although researchers have identified the cells and molecules essential to sensing each environmental stimuli, it remains relatively unknown how pathways interact when animals receive
multiple stimuli. Asuka Takeishi, Laboratory for Neural Circuit of Multisensory Integration, Japan, is working to identify the mechanism of sensory integration by exposing Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to odour and temperature stimuli. The goal of this research is to decipher the general
mechanisms of sensory integration and, in doing so, contribute to the development of understanding of human neural mechanisms. Takeishi and the team also believe the research could have applications in agriculture. So far, the researchers have established the behaviour assay to observe the
responses of C. elegans to odour and temperature stimuli simultaneously, and have also created a fluorescent microscope system to monitor the freely-moving worms' neural activities. Next, Takeishi and the team will use these systems to extract biological data and perform mathematical
modelling in order to simulate how neurons process multiple pieces of information and produce locomotion. The researchers hope to expand their studies beyond odour and temperature to look at the integration of other stimuli.
Uncovering the role of endocrine factors in decapod physiology
Authors: Toyota Kenji
Published: July 2022

Crustaceans are a valuable food source and commercially important. In order to ensure population stability, environmental diversity and food security, understanding the underlying endocrinology of these arthropods is key. Dr Kenji Toyota, Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center
for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, is working on research to shed light on the mechanisms that control key stages in crustacean life cycles and better understand how they have adapted to the environment of Sado Island. The research involves field work, breeding-based experiments
with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse endocrine factors and related genes, with a focus on the eyestalk-derived hormones found in decapod crustaceans. One of Toyota's key projects is focused on the environmental sex determination
(ESD) and toxicogenomics of the water flea Daphnia. He and his collaborators have reported on how insect growth regulators (IGRs) have disrupted non-target arthropod species, which includes larval lethality, defects arising in the metamorphosis process and disruption in sexual differentiation.
Toyota's work is highlighting the negative environmental impacts of waste products and chemicals and also uncovering knowledge that can assist in the management of populations in both wild and farmed settings. Toyota has revealed the endocrine mechanisms that control metamorphosis during
larval development and uncovered the ecotoxicological impacts of IGRs. The researchers are also investigating the roles of hormones innate JH (methyl farnesoate) and ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) in the progression of Kuruma prawns throughout the larval stages.
Comprehensive study on system design for revision of asbestos health damage relief system
Authors: Sakamoto Masahide
Published: July 2022

Once it was found that long-term exposure to asbestos can cause lung and other diseases, its use in buildings was largely stopped and people who experienced health problems caused by its use began to be compensated. Environmental economist Professor Masahide Sakamoto, Faculty of Commerce,
Senshu University, Japan, is working to identify the structural problems of this health damage compensation system and ultimately change the system to ensure people receive the compensation they deserve. Sakamoto's study presents a methodology for designing the system in stages to improve
the level of benefits and, in the long-term, will reduce the economic, physical and mental burden on the victims and their families. In addition to eliminating disparity in benefits for asbestos victims Sakamoto wants to put forward a new analytical framework for pollution research. Indeed,
environmental economics is behind much of Sakamoto's work. He is also studying the cost-sharing principle for different qualities of pollution and global environmental problems, with reference to the cost-burden principle based on social cost theory by K W Kapp. Furthermore, he is conducting
research on institutional design to promote the spread of renewable energy as a way to establish a sustainable socioeconomic system and analysing the structural causes of environmental destruction from the perspective of the history of economic theory.
Hangjongeren als verborgen experten
Authors: Portargent Emma
Published: July 2022

De stad is bij uitstek een plek voor uitwisseling. Het is een plek waar ‘onbekenden’ elkaar kunnen ontmoeten. De mogelijkheid tot sociale betrokkenheid maakt een stad interessant. Maar wat zijn de gevolgen als de verborgen experten, oftewel de hangjongeren, het minst verwelkomt worden in die publieke ruimte en er zelfs bewust uit geweerd worden?
Personal Health Budgets in England: Mood Music or Death Knell for the National Health Service?
Authors: Scott-Samuel Alex
Published: July 2022

Personal health budgets in England are National Health Service (NHS) funds that can be allocated to certain groups of patients to allow them, together with their NHS support staff, to purchase services or equipment that they believe will enhance their health and well-being. Some see this as a welcome personalization of health care that increases people's control over their health. However, personal health budgets are being introduced at a time when rapid privatization of the English NHS is taking place and when restrictions are being placed on people's access to health care. As a result, many view their introduction as a diversionary gimmick designed to help pave the way for the conversion of the NHS into the insurance-based system, which many believe is the intention of the U.K. government. This article describes the research and policy context in which this controversial intervention is being introduced and presents recent expert debate between proponents and opponents of personal health budgets, from e-mail discussion lists.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward an Interactive Voice Response Tool (Call for Life Uganda) Providing Adherence Support and Health Information to HIV-Positive Ugandans: Qualitative Study
Authors: Kajubi Phoebe , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Twimukye Adelline , Bwanika Naggirinya Agnes , Nabaggala Maria Sarah , Kiragga Agnes , Castelnuovo Barbara , King Rachel
Published: July 2022

Background

The continuing decline in AIDS-related deaths in the African region is largely driven by the steady scale-up of antiretroviral therapy. However, there are challenges to retaining people living with HIV on treatment. Call for Life Uganda (CFLU) is an interactive voice response tool using simple analogue phones. CFLU supports patients with daily pill reminders, preappointment reminders, symptom reporting and management, and weekly health promotion tips. Mobile health tools are being increasingly used in resource-limited settings but are often adopted without rigorous evaluation.

Objective

This qualitative study conducted at 12 months after enrollment assessed patients’ experiences, perceptions, and attitudes regarding CLFU.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative substudy within an open-label randomized controlled trial titled “Improving outcomes in HIV patients using mobile phone based interactive software support.” Data were collected through 6 focus group discussions with participants sampled based on proportion of calls responded to—<25%, between 25% and 50%, and >50%—conducted at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago, and the Kasangati Health Centre IV. NVivo (version 11; QSR International) was used in the management of the data and in the coding of the emerging themes. The data were then analyzed using content thematic analysis.

Results

There was consensus across all groups that they had more positive than negative experiences with the CFLU system. Participants who responded to >50% of the calls reported more frequent use of the specific elements of the CFLU tool and, consequently, experienced more benefits from the system than those who responded to calls less frequently. Irrespective of calls responded to, participants identified pill reminders as the most important aspect in improved quality of life, followed by health promotion tips. The most common challenge faced was difficulty with the secret personal identification number.

Conclusions

Findings showed participants’ appreciation, high willingness, and interest in the intervention, CFLU, that demonstrated great perceived potential to improve their access to health care; adherence to treatment; health awareness; and, consequently, quality of life.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02953080; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02953080