bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Біоіндикаційна оцінка екологічного стану урбоекосистеми Івано-Франківська за допомогою показників якості пилку деревних видів
Authors: Мельниченко Г. М. , Кімакович В. Є. , Кириленко Я. О.
Published: August 2021

У статті проаналізовано низку параметрів мікроспорогенезу за дії комплексу урбогенних чинників на прикладі домінантних деревних рослин міста. Показано зростання морфологічної різноякісності, збільшення частки стерильних та аномальних пилкових зерен у пилковій культурі. Об’єктом дослідження обрано види Tilia cordata Mill., Betula pendula Roth. та Salix alba L., які широко представлені на території міста. Дослідження показали, що вплив урботехногенних чинників досліджуваної території має виражений гаметоцидний ефект, який проявляється депресивними змінами чоловічого гаметофіту деревних рослин: збільшенням частки безкрохмальних пилкових зерен та підвищенням його морфологічної різноякісності. Максимальний рівень безкрохмальних пилкових зерен притаманний для Tilia cordata Mill. Коефіцієнт стерильності пилку зазначеного виду у різних районах міста флуктує в діапазоні 1,26 – 4,80. Достовірне зменшення лінійних розмірів чоловічого гаметофіту констатовано для Tilia cordata Mill. та Betula pendula Roth. Найвища морфологічна різноякісність пилку властива для Salix alba L. та Tilia cordata Mill. Частка карликових пилкових зерен у різних районах міста коливається у межах 1,1% − 4,2% для Salix alba L. та 3,7% − 12,8% для Tilia cordata Mill.; гігантських − 2,5% − 10,2% і 2,4% − 8,5% відповідно. Забруднення повітряного басейну у центральній частині міста викидами автотранспорту індукує процеси порушення мікроспорогенезу, яке проявляється збільшенням частки стерильного і морфологічно-аномального пилку. Морфо-фізіологічні та цитологічні особливості пилкових зерен слугують інформативними біоіндикаційними ознаками урботехногенного впливу. Найбільш перспективним видом для біоіндикаційної оцінки гаметоцидності середовища в умовах міста Івано-Франківська є Tilia cordata Mill.; найвищою резистентністю відзначається чоловічий гаметофіт Salix alba L.
Вміст кортизолу та тиреоїдних гормонів у плазмі крові карася китайського Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) за умов амонійного навантаження
Authors: Причепа М. В. , Коваленко Ю. О. , Потрохов О. С. , Худіяш Ю. М.
Published: August 2021

Розглянуто особливості зміни вмісту кортизолу, тироксину та трийодтироніну в плазмі крові карася китайського до довготривалого перебування у середовищі, забрудненому сполуками амонію. Вміст гормонів було визначено імуноферментним методом із використанням стандартних комерційних наборів. Встановлено, що у плазмі крові карася з водойми, яка містить високу концентрацію амонійного азоту в воді (до 48,0 мг N/дм3), рівень трийодтироніну підвищувався у 1,38 раза, проте вміст тироксину знижувався у 3,87 раза порівняно з умовним контролем. Зміна показників вмісту тиреоїдних гормонів у сироватці крові карася свідчить на користь трансформації резервів Т4 у активну форму Т3. Це наголошує на активації обмінних процесів за впливу сполук амонію. Також були встановлені корелятивні зв’язки між зростанням вмісту неорганічного амонію та Т3 (r=0,847) і зниженням Т4 (r=-0,773). Також встановлено (p≥0,05) нижчий вміст кортизолу у плазмі крові карася, що перебував у водоймі, забрудненій сполуками неорганічного амонію. Це свідчить на користь відсутності явищ гострого стресу на момент проведення досліджень. Зміна вмісту Т3 вказує на спрямованість гормональної відповіді риб на вплив надмірних концентрацій неорганічного амонію. У результаті тривалого пристосування риб до токсичного забруднення водного середовища у плазмі крові карася китайського істотно змінюється вміст гормонів, які залучені у регуляції обміну речовин, зокрема на посилення процесів, спрямованих на забезпечення нормальної життєдіяльності. У результаті цього нами встановлено також суттєві відмінності між лінійно- масовими показниками риб, що було наслідком тривалого перебування угруповання карася китайського у не типових екологічних для цього виду умовах. Отримані результати зміни вмісту гормонів: кортизолу, тироксину, трийодтироніну відображають фізіологічний стан досліджуваного виду риб за умов антропогенного забруднення. Це дозволяє їх активно залучати для проведення біомоніторингу екологічного стану окремих водойм, зокрема за інтенсивного забруднення середовища сполуками азоту. Отримані результати доповнюють вже наявні показники щодо дослідження фізіолого-біохімічних показників карася китайського за умов азотного навантаження.
Internalising and Externalising in Parents and Offspring: The Impact of Sex and Early Life Adversity
Authors: O'Neill-Murchison Emerald
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between maternal and paternal externalising, experiences of early life adversity (ELA), internalising and externalising in adult offspring, and the role of sex. Using data collected in wave three of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) we utilised structural equation modelling to test a hypothesised moderated mediation model associating maternal and paternal externalising, and internalising and externalising in offspring, mediated by early life adversities and moderated by sex. Our study included a total of n=26,728 participants which were randomly split into two groups and analysed separately to test whether it was possible to replicate our own results. No direct association was demonstrated between maternal externalising or paternal externalising and internalising or externalising in offspring; experiences of ELA were associated only with internalising in offspring, but not with externalising; ELA was associated with maternal externalising and paternal externalising in females only. The relationship between paternal externalising and internalising in male offspring was mediated by ELA, as was the relationship between maternal externalising and internalising in male offspring. The relationship between parental externalising and internalising in females however was not mediated by ELA. Results did not provide support for the study’s hypotheses.
Simulasi ETAP 12.6 untuk Studi Instalasi Listrik pada Kereta Api Kahuripan
Authors: IRFAN FARIZ GHILYATS , HARIYANTO NASRUN
Published: August 2021

AbstrakDalam sebuah satu rangkaian kereta biasanya terdiri dari penggerak utama lokomotif, kereta penumpang, kereta makan, dan kereta pembangkit. Dengan banyaknya fasilitas dan alat-alat kelistrikan dalam gerbong-gerbong tersebut dapat memberikan dampak penurunan terhadap kualitas daya listrik yang mengalir pada sistem distribusi aliran daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas nilai circuit breaker, ukuran penampang kabel,  tegangan jatuh, dan rugi-rugi daya, serta perbandingangannya dengan hasil simulasi pada software ETAP 12.6. Kapasitas circuit breaker dan ukuran penampang kabel yang diperhitungkan mendapatkan rating circuit breaker dengan arus berkisar dari 800 hingga 80 Ampere dan ukuran kabel yang digunakan sebesar 120 mm2. Hasil nilai drop voltage yang didapat dimulai dari 1,02 Volt hingga 5,08 Volt. Untuk nilai rugi-rugi daya yang didapat dimulai dari dari 0,01 kW hingga 0,11 kW.Kata kunci: Aliran Beban, ETAP, Circuit Breaker, Drop Voltage, Rugi-rugi Daya.AbstractA train usually consists of several carrieges: a prime mover locomotive, passenger carriage, dining carriage, and generator carriage. With that many facilities and installed electrical equipments the quality of the electric power flowing in the trains’s power distribution system may be decresed. This study aims to determine the capacity of the circuit breaker, the cable’s cross section size, the voltage drop, and power losses, as well as the comparison with the simulation results by using ETAP software. The circuit breaker capacity and cable’s cross-sectional size are calculated. From the calculations, we obtain the rating value for the circuit breaker, which is ranging from 800 to 80 Ampere. As for the cable’s corss sectional we obtain 120 mm2. With these values, the resulting voltage drop is from 1.02 Volts to 5.08 Volts. As for the resulting power loss, its value is ranging from 0.01 kW to 0.11 kW.Keywords: Load Flow, ETAP, Circuit Breaker, Voltage Drop, Power Loss.
Sistem Pemantauan Kelayakan Pelumas Oli pada Kendaraan Sepeda Motor dengan Memanfaatkan Teknologi Internet of Things
Authors: RAMANDA RAMA , KHARISMA OKTAF BRILLIAN , WENDA ALEX , ABDILLAH ABDILLAH
Published: August 2021

AbstrakSepeda motor memerlukan perawatan yang oprtimal terutama are mesin yaitu dengan melakukan pergantian oli yang berfungsi sebagai pelumas mesin. Oli mesin membantu menghindari gesekan langsung antara logam di mesin, sehingga mengurangi tingkat kerusakan mesin. Penelitian ini akan dirancang suatu sistem pemantauan pergantian oli sepeda motor berdasarkan jarak tempuh dan waktu pemakaian oli yang berbasis IoT. Dimana penggunaan sepeda motor digunakan untuk menyimulasikan perputaran roda, sensor proximity sebagai pendeteksi putaran roda, serta mikrokontroller ESP32 sebagai pengendali utama, buzzer untuk memperingati pengguna, relay digunakan untuk mematikan mesin sepeda motor, dan GSM sebagai pengirim data. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil yang diharapkan, ketika jarak tempuh mencapai jarak 2000km maka sistem akan memperingati pengguna sepeda motor dan ketika pengguna mengabaikan peringatan tersebut dan jarak mencapai 2100km maka sistem mematikan kelistrikan sepeda motor. Namun jika jarak tidak tercapai tetapi pemakaian oli telah mencapai 60 hari maka sistem memperingati pengguna sepeda motor.Kata kunci: Gsm, Mikrokontroler, Otomasi, Sensor, Sepeda MotorAbstractMotorcycles require optimal maintenance, especially the engine, namely by changing the oil, which functions as an engine lubricant. Engine oil helps avoid direct friction between the metals in the engine, thereby reducing engine damage. This research will design a motorcycle oil change monitoring system based on mileage and time of oil usage based on IoT. Where the use of a motorcycle is used to simulate wheel rotation, a proximity sensor is used to detect wheel rotation, as well as the ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, a buzzer to warn the user, a relay is used to turn off the motorcycle engine, and GSM as a data sender. In this study, the expected results are obtained, where when the distance reaches a distance of 2000km, the system will warn the motorcycle user and when the user ignores the warning and the distance reaches 2100km, the system will turn off the motorcycle electricity. However, if the distance is not reached but the oil consumption has reached 60 days, the system will warn motorcycle users.Keywords: Gsm, Microcontroller, Automation, Sensors, Motorcyle.
Investigasi Sagging Metoda Parabola pada Saluran Transmisi Terhadap Parameter Temperatur pada Saluran 150 Kv pada Gardu Induk Cigereleng
Authors: NUGROHO YOSAN AGENG , WALUYO WALUYO
Published: August 2021

AbstrakAndongan adalah bentangan kawat konduktor dari dua ujung titik terendah ditarik garis lurus konduktor tersebut sehingga terbentuk lengkungan kebawah, kekuatan tarik pada andongan berfungsi untuk menahan dari kedua ujung kawat konduktor yang dibentangkan. Besar suatu nilai andongan dapat dilihat dari temperature pada sekeliling saluran transmisi, sehingga siang hari panjang kawat konduktor akan sedikit memanjang diakibatkan sinar matahari, dan sebaliknya malam hari. Untuk mempermudah perhitungan dan analisis andongan dengan menggunakan metoda parabola pada saluran transmisi 150 Kv, dengan hasil perhitungan secara manual. Andongan dengan metoda parabola pada parameter temperature, temperatur 20oC besar andongan 0,0898%, pada temperature 70oC tinggi andongan 0,01186% turun ketika temperature 175oC andongan 0,1544%.Kata kunci: Andongan, temperatur, metoda parabola, gardu induk, saluran transmisi 150 Kv AbstractSagging is main the stretch of conductor wire from the two ends of the lowest point drawn by a straight line of the conductor so that a downward curve is formed, the tensile strength of sagging serves to hold from both ends of the stretched conductor wire the magnitude of a sagging value can be seen from the temperature around the transmission line, so that during the day the length of the conductor wire will be slightly elongated due to sunlight, and vice versa at night. The facilitate for calculation and analysis of the sagging used the parabolic method on a 150 Kv transmission line, with the results of calculations manually. Sagging with parabolic method at temperature parameters, temperature 20 oC large sagging of 0.0898%, at a temperature of 70 oC, the sagging height of 0.01186% decreases when the temperature is 175 oC sagging 0.1544%.Keywords: sagging, temperature, parabolic method, substation, 150 Kv transmission line
Aplikasi Analisis Kondisi Kesehatan Koperasi pada KSU Sedhana Wiguna Werdhi Berbasis Website
Authors: DEWI NI LUH KARTIKA , ASANA I MADE DWI PUTRA , MEINARNI NI PUTU SUCI
Published: August 2021

AbstrakKegiatan operasional pada KSU Sedhana Wiguna Werdhi sudah menggunakan sistem informasi berbasis website, namun terjadi kendala saat koperasi ingin mengetahui gambaran mengenai kondisi kesehatan koperasinya. Selain itu koperasi juga ingin tahu cara untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan predikat kesehatan koperasinya. Oleh karena itu, koperasi membutuhkan sistem yang dapat memberikan sebuah gambaran mengenai kondisi kesehatan koperasi. Adapun hasil akhir dari penelitian ini untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi analisis kondisi kesehatan koperasi berbasis website yang dapat membantu manajemen koperasi dalam memberikan gambaran mengenai predikat kesehatan koperasinya dan memberikan gambaran tindakan yang harus dilakukan untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan predikat kesehatan koperasinya berdasarkan Peraturan Deputi Bidang Pengawasan Kementrian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor 06/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016 tentang pedoman penilaian kesehatan koperasi simpan pinjam dan unit usaha simpan pinjam koperasi.Kata kunci: sistem penilaian koperasi, kesehatan koperasi, 7 aspek.AbstractOperational activities at KSU Sedhana Wiguna Werdhi already use a computerized system using a website system. However, they have a problem how to get the health representation. Also KSU Sedhana Wiguna Werdhi did not know what they should to do to maintain or upgrade their predicate of health. Based on the problems, the solution is build a systems that will helped the cooperation to give a health valuation representation of the cooperative. The final results of this research is build a cooperative health condition analysis application. This systems will helped the cooperation to give a health valuation representation of the cooperative and also give a suggestions for maintain or upgrade their predicate of health representation according to government regulation number 06 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016. Keywords: cooperatives valuation system, cooperations health, 7 aspects.
A polyphenol, pyrogallol changes the acidic pH of the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ja’afar Nur Saidatul Aqilah , Nik Mat Zin Nik Nor Imam , Mohamad Fatin Sofia , Abu-Bakar Nurhidanatasha
Published: August 2021

Pyrogallol has a capability of generating free radicals like other antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin, which is thought to inhibit the proton pump located in the membrane of the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole, thus alkalinising this acidic organelle. This study aimed to determine pH changes of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole following treatment with pyrogallol. The antimalarial activity of this compound was evaluated by a malarial SYBR Green 1 fluorescence-based assay to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Based on the IC50 value, different concentrations of pyrogallol were selected to ensure changes of the digestive vacuole pH were not due to parasite death. This was measured by flow cytometry after 4-hour pyrogallol treatment on the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran-accumulated digestive vacuole of the mid-trophozoite stage parasites. Pyrogallol showed a moderate antimalarial activity with the IC50 of 2.84 ± 9.40 µM. The treatment of 1.42, 2.84 and 5.67 µM pyrogallol increased 2.9, 3.0 and 3.1 units of the digestive vacuole pH, respectively as compared with the untreated parasite (pH 5.6 ± 0.78). The proton pump, V-type H+-ATPase might be inhibited by pyrogallol, hence causing the digestive vacuole pH alteration, which is similar with the result shown by a standard V-type H+-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin A. This study provides a fundamental understanding on the antimalarial activity and mechanism of action of pyrogallol that has a potential to be the antimalarial drug candidate.
Self-Identification of Homestay Management Problems and Canvas Business Model
Authors: Majidah Majidah , Cahyaningsih Cahyaningsih , Saraswati Rr Sri , Inawati Wahdan Arum
Published: August 2021

Laksana Village is in Ibun Sub-District, Bandung District. Geographically, Laksana Village is close to the Kamojang Tourism area, which is the leading tourism destination in Bandung District. The village has the potential for tourism development. To support the tourism development program, there are several homestays. However, it was found that many tourists spent the night outside the Laksana Village area. Another problem faced by homestay managers is the difficulty in determining homestay tariff. This Community Service (CS) activity aims to explore the problems faced by homestay managers through self-identification of problems using the Community Based Participatory Research method. The results of the self-identification became the basis for the CS Team to map the nine elements of the canvas business model. The cost structure becomes a priority scale to be handled in order to solve the tariff determination problem and is expected to increase the value proposition. This CS activity specifically resulted in self-identification of problems and a business canvas model for homestay management.
Sipakatau, Sipakainge, Sipakalebbi: Sebuah Nilai Budaya untuk Upaya Pencegahan Bullying dengan Memaksimalkan Peran Bystander
Authors: Andi Halima  , Khumas Asniar , Zainuddin Kurniati
Published: August 2021

Bystander berperan penting pada terulang tidaknya episode bullying di sekolah. Bystander perlu dilibatkan secara aktif dalam upaya pencegahan bullying. Pencegahan bullying perlu sensitif budaya. Nilai sipakatau, sipakalebbi, sipakainge sejalan dengan nilai anti-bullying. Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai budaya sipakatau, sipakalebbi, sipakainge mendorong bystander bertindak aktif dan bagaimana nilai tersebut diterapkan dalam pergaulan di sekolah. Prosedur sosiometri dan ilustrasi peran bullying digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi peran bystander. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan prosedur wawancara semi terstruktur pada empat bystander yang berperan membela pada situasi bullying. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap saling menghargai, mengingatkan, dan menghormati muncul dalam pergaulan sesama teman didasari oleh nilai-nilai agama dan dari nilai budaya sipakatau, sipakainge, sipakalebbi yang disosialisasikan dalam budaya Bugis. Nilai karakter dalam konsep sipakatau, sipakainge, sipakalebbi tidak hanya muncul telah diterapkan pada strategi yang digunakan bystander untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan bullying. Temuan ini dapat menjadi masukan untuk mempromosikan nilai-nilai agama dan budaya sebagai upaya pencegahan bullying di sekolah.

Kata kunci: Pencegahan Bullying, Sipakatau, Sipakalebbi, Sipakainge, Bystander.
Combating Malnutrition Among Pregnant Women, Mothers and Babies in the Rural Amazonian Forest: What can Telehealth Do?
Authors: Ruiz Rosa Liliana Macedo , Silva Angélica Baptista , Filha Ianê Germano de Andrade , Garzon Martha Inês Camargo , Magalhães Waldeyde Oderilda dos Santos , Carvalho Jakeline dos Santos , Oliveira Janayla Bruna de Almeida , Monteiro Lucia Maria Costa
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Malnutrition is a current public health problem and a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality among the indigenous population in the Amazon forest. This may be related to the nutritional transition observed among indigenous women in Brazil. This research aims to empower health professionals to promote food and nutritional education for mothers and babies living in the forest of the Brazilian state of Amazonas and its Colombian border. We describe our experience using telehealth to combat malnutrition among pregnant women, mothers and babies in the rural Amazonian forest. Methods: This is a qualitative study that included three interventions: field visits, a scoping review, and online meetings. Data collect from field visits and the scoping review were used to identify demands and incorporate themes discussed in the virtual meetings held at telehealth units. Sessions used the web conferencing platform of the state of Amazonas and were facilitated by Brazilian specialists. Locations were selected according to existence of telehealth site. Results and Conclusions: Seven telehealth sessions were held between April and December in 2018 and three in 2019, including 14 different locations equipped with telehealth points, and lasted 120 minutes each. The main findings were that telehealth services can be an instrument to establish a knowledge exchange between health professionals and indigenous people. The participation of indigenous people in social media could be an instrument to maintain their culture and to promote their healthcare, especially traditional and healthy dietary patterns.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT KESULITAN BUTIR SOAL UJICOBA UN-IPA DARI SMPN 05 KOTA BENGKULU DAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2019/2020
Authors: Prihatiningih Nia , Awalia Pitri Jeliza , Oktavia Ira , Walid Ahmad , Kusuma Raden Gamal Tamarin , Hadiwinarto Hadiwinarto
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tingkat kesulitan butir soal IPA pada uji coba UN dari SMPN 05 Kota Bengkulu dan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2019/2020. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat 40 butir soal uji coba UN SMPN 05 Kota Bengkulu dengan presentase C1 15,5%, C2 20%, C3 32%, C4 27,5% C5 5% DAN C6 0%. dan uji coba UN Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bengkulu terdapat 40 butir soal dengan presentase C1 15%, C2 50%, C3 22,5%, C4 12,5%, C5 0% dan C6 0%. Dari hasil presentase tersebut rata-rata dari semua presentase tersebut yaitu C1 15%, C2 35%, C3 27,5%, C4 20%, C5 2,5% danC6 0%. Kesimpulannya tingkat kesulitan soal uji coba UN yang di buat SMPN 05 Kota Bengkulu lebih sukar dibandingkan dengan soal yang di buat oleh Dinas Pendidikan Kota Bengkulu.
Yavrularım (1984) Filminde Göç Teması
Authors: KALPAKLI Fatma
Published: August 2021

Yönetmenliğini Bilge Olgaç’ın yaptığı Yavrularım (1984) filmi Ann-Margret'ın Who Will Love My Children? (1983)/Çocuklarımı Kim Sevecek? filminin uyarlamasıdır. Filmin başrollerinde Hülya Koçyiğit Seher karakteri, Çetin Tekindor ise Cemal karakteri olarak karşımıza çıkarlar. Filmde Seher ile Cemal Kara çifti üzerinden Türkiye’den Almanya’ya göç etmiş gastarbeiterların, misafir işçilerin Türkiye’ye kesin dönüş hikayesi anlatılmaktadır. Türkiye’den Almanya’ya 1960’lı yıllarda başlayan göç ve bunun sonucu ortaya çıkan sosyo-kültürel değişimler ve sorunlar birçok filmin konusu olmuştur. Yavrularım filminde ise Almanya’dan Türkiye’ye geri dönüş, tersine göç teması ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Yavrularım (1984) filminde göç teması; göçün farklı halleri ve karakterler üzerindeki fiziksel ve ruhsal etkileri filmde ele alınan çeşitli hastalıklar ve karakterlerin karşılaştığı sorunlar ile bu sorunlarla mücadele esnasında geliştirdikleri savunma mekanizmaları filmden örnekler verilerek incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
GENERALIZED PASCAL’S TRIANGLE AND METALLIC RATIOS
Authors: Sivaraman R.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I had demonstrated the way to determine the sequence of metallic ratios by generalizing the usual Pascal’s triangle. In doing so, I found several interesting properties that had been discussed in detail in this paper. I had proved four new results upon generalizing Pascal’s triangle. Thus, the primary aim of this paper is to connect the idea of Generalized Pascal’s triangle with that to the sequence of metallic ratios.
OPTIMASI KONDISI EKTRAKSI VANILLIN HASIL DEGRADASI LIGNOSELULOSA BAGAS TEBU MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD (RSM)
Authors: Nurika Irnia , Nisa' Faudina Nurin , Azizah Nurul , Suhartini Sri
Published: August 2021

Optimization of Vanillin Extraction Conditions from Lignocellulose Degradation of Sugarcane Bagasse using the Response Surface Method (RSM)
Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural waste containing lignocellulose and has the potential to be processed into high-value chemicals such as vanillin. The degradation of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulose can be carried out biologically by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This study aims to obtain optimal extraction conditions in the form of ethyl acetate solvent volume and extraction time, using the response surface method (RSM). Two optimized factors were the volume of ethyl acetate (71.72; 80; 100; 120; and 128.28 mL) and the extraction time (35.16; 60; 120; 180; 204.84 minutes). The response variables were the concentration (%) and yield of vanillin (µg g–1). The research on the optimization of the response of vanillin levels and vanillin yield was carried out at 14 days incubation with the highest average total soluble phenol (TSP) value of 0.101 mg g–1. The optimal condition of ethyl acetate volume of 109.730 mL with an extraction time of 137.302 minutes was predicted to produce vanillin levels and yields of 0.0078% and 8.9089 g g–1, respectively, with an accuracy value of 93.4%. Based on the verification results, the optimal vanillin concentration and yield were 0.0077% and 8.9805 g g–1, respectively.
Bagas tebu merupakan limbah pertanian yang mengandung lignoselulosa dan berpotensi diolah menjadi bahan kimia bernilai tinggi seperti vanillin. Degradasi lignoselulosa bagas tebu dapat dilakukan secara biologis oleh jamur pelapuk putih Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kondisi ekstraksi optimal berupa volume pelarut etil asetat dan lama waktu ekstraksi, menggunakan response surface method (RSM). Dua faktor yang dioptimasi adalah volume etil asetat (71,72; 80; 100; 120; dan 128,28 mL) dan lama waktu ekstraksi (35,16; 60; 120; 180; 204,84 menit). Variabel respons adalah kadar (%) dan yield vanillin (µg g–1). Penelitian optimasi respons kadar vanillin dan yield vanillin dilakukan pada inkubasi 14 hari dengan nilai total soluble phenol (TSP) rata-rata tertinggi 0,101 mg g–1. Kondisi optimal volume etil asetat 109,730 mL dengan waktu ekstraksi 137,302 menit diprediksi menghasilkan kadar dan yield vanillin sebesar 0,0078% dan 8,9089 µg g–1 dengan nilai ketepatan 93,4%. Berdasar hasil verifikasi, konsentrasi dan yield vanillin yang optimal masing-masing adalah 0,0077% dan 8,9805 µg g–1.
REVIEW: PERAN NANOPARTIKEL DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN PARASIT Plasmodium PENYEBAB MALARIA
Authors: Wulandari Diah Anggraini , Safaat Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Review: The Role of Nanoparticles in Inhibiting the Growth of the Plasmodium Parasite Causing Malarial Disease
Malaria is a health problem in Indonesia with the most cases in eastern parts of Indonesia. This study provides an overview of the potential of nanoparticles in inhibiting malaria vectors and the growth of Plasmodium parasites that causes malaria based on the latest literature as reference materials and future research ideas. Nanoparticle can be synthesized using three methods i.e. physical, chemical and biological synthesis. The use of nanoparticles with biological method is highly recommended because they are practicable, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and easy to reproduce compared to physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized from several plants can inhibit the growth of Plasmodium parasites with IC50 3–78 g mL–1. This activity is classified as high to moderate in inhibiting the growth of the Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria. The mechanism of inhibition of Plasmodium growth is by increasing the pH of food vacuole due to the reaction of nanoparticles with Ferriprotoporphyrin IX. The high pH in the food vacuole will interfere with metabolic activity by inhibiting the activity of aspartate and cysteine ??protease enzymes so that the parasites will die.
Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi Indonesia khususnya di beberapa wilayah timur Indonesia. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran potensi nanopartikel dalam menghambat vektor malaria maupun pertumbuhan parasit Plasmodium penyebab malaria berdasarkan literatur terbaru sebagai bahan acuan maupun ide-ide penelitian di masa mendatang. Nanopartikel dapat disintesis menggunakan tiga metode yaitu fisika, kimia dan biologi. Penggunaan nanopartikel dengan metode biologi sangat direkomendasikan karena lebih mudah diterapkan, ramah lingkungan, bersifat non-toksik, dan mudah diperbanyak dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel yang disintensis dari fisiko-kimia. Nanopartikel yang disintesis dari beberapa tanaman dapat menghambat pertumbuhan parasit Plasmodium dengan IC50 3–78 g mL–1. Aktivitas ini tergolong tinggi hingga sedang dalam menghambat pertumbuhan parasit Plasmodium penyebab malaria. Mekanisme penghambatan pertumbuhan Plasmodium dengan cara meningkatkan pH vakuola makanan akibat reaksi nanopartikel dengan feriprotoporpirin IX. Tingginya pH pada vakuola makanan akan mengganggu aktivitas metabolisme dengan cara menghambat aktivitas enzim aspartat dan sistein protease sehingga parasit akan mati.
PEMUTAKHIRAN KURIKULUM SERTIFIKASI ANKAPIN I BERDASARKAN STCW-F 1995
Authors: Hasibuan Nur Atika , Purwangka Fis , Simbolon Domu
Published: August 2021

Sertifikat Ahli Nautika Kapal Penangkap Ikan tingkat 1 (ANKAPIN-I) adalah sertifikat yang wajib dimiliki oleh nakhoda dan perwira jaga navigasi sebagai bukti keterampilan dan keahlian yang dimiliki untuk bekerja di atas kapal ikan penangkapan ikan yang berukuran 24 meter atau lebih. Kurikulum sertifikasi ANKAPIN-I di Indonesia harus sesuai konvensi STCW-F 1995 dengan harapan nakhoda dan perwira jaga navigasi yang bekerja di atas kapal asing diperlakukan sesuai peraturan yang berlaku. Penelitian bertujuan (1) Menentukan kesesuaian kurikulum kompetensi STCW-F 1995 dengan kurikulum sertifikasi di Indonesia melalui jalur pendidikan, (2) Menentukan pencapaian kompetensi STCW-F 1995 di lembaga pendidikan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan studi literatur. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif dan analisis konten kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum maupun elemen dalam pengambilan sertifikasi ANKAPIN-I di lembaga pendidikan Indonesia belum sesuai dengan konvensi STCW-F 1995. Untuk mempersamakan kurikulum ANKAPIN I diperlukan pemutahiran kurikulum dan elemen terkait tata laksana keselamatan FAO/ILO/IMO untuk awak kapal ikan 24 meter ke atas, pencegahan kebakaran, alat-alat pemadam kebakaran, penyelamatan, pencarian dan pertolongan, pelayanan medis, metode untuk mendemonstrasikan keterampilan serta memberikan sanksi kepada lembaga pendidikan yang melanggar konvensi STCW-F 1995.

Kata kunci:        konvensi STCW-F 1995, lembaga pendidikan, sertifikat ANKAPIN-I
Analisis Kekuatan Struktur Bangunan Dermaga Kayu di Babo Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat
Authors: Kamarudin Adan , Erizal
Published: August 2021

Analysis of structural strength to the conditions of the jetty Port Babo of Teluk Bintuni, West Papua is important to ensure the stability of the against external loads and forces. The purpose of this research is to analyse and evaluate the strength of structures, as well as assess the durability of jetty structures. Modeling using the SAP2000 program corresponds to as built drawing. The results of the calculation of the working load include dead loads, live loads, ship berth, ship mooring force, current force, wave force, and earthquake force. Energy due to ship collision loads and vessel berthing force can be reduced using a fender designed using rubber fenders seibu V300H. The results of the structural analysis show that the number of combined variants is sufficient up to the shape mode 12. The dynamic earthquake shear forces in the x and y directions are still smaller than the static shear forces, so it needs to be multiplied by a scale factor of 2,9. The deviation that occurs in the structure is still smaller than the allowable deviation of 350 mm. Beams are designed using reinforcement with diameter 22 mm and 25 mm. The stress ratio value at the pile meets the pile capacity. It can be said that overall the Babo Teluk Bintuni wharf is safe from the working load.
Local Wisdom for Ecotourism Development In Bogor
Authors: Prabandari Dyah , Avenzora Ricky , Sunarminto Tutut
Published: August 2021

The development that occurred in the Bogor city  is currently feared will have an impact on shifting authenticity of existing regional identity. Regional identity that still exists is one manifestation of local wisdom carried out by the community. This research was conducted to identify the type of local wisdom that is still done by the community to be assessed and analyzed by One Score One Criteria Scoring System method to be proposed as the regional identity of Bogor City. Languang Badong, Lodong Bogoran, Wayang Hihit, Rengkong Hatong and Tauge Goreng are local wisdom of art and culinary aspect in Bogor City. The ecotourism concept put forward to maintain the local wisdom in Bogor City. Keywords: ecotourism, lLocal wisdom, regional identity
HEIGHT, DIAMETER AND TREE CANOPY COVER ESTIMATION BASED ON UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) IMAGERY WITH VARIOUS ACQUISITION HEIGHT
Authors: Islami Muflihatul Maghfiroh , Rusolono Teddy , Setiawan Yudi , Rahadian Aswin , Hudjimartsu Sahid Agustian , Prasetyo Lilik Budi
Published: August 2021

The forest inventory technique by applying remote sensing technology has become a new breakthrough in technological developments in forest inventory activities. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery with camera sensor is one of the inventory tools that produce data with high spatial resolution. The level of spatial resolution of the image is strongly influenced by the flying height of the UAV for a certain camera’s focus. In addition, flight height also affects the acquisition time and accuracy of inventory results, although there is still little research on this matter. The study aims to (a)evaluate the effect of various flying heights on the accuracy of tree height measurements through UAV imagery for every stand age class, (b).estimate the trees diameter and canopy cover for every stand age class. Stand height was estimated using Digital Surface Models (DSM), Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Orthophoto. DSM and DTM were built by converting orthophoto to pointclouds using the PIX4Dmapper based on Structure From Motion (SFM) on the photogrammetric method to reconstruct topography automatically. Meanwhile, the tree cover canopy was estimated using the All Return Canopy Index (ARCI) formula. The results show that the flight height of 100 meters produces a stronger correlation than the flying height of 80 meters and 120 meters in estimating tree height, based on the high coefficient of determination (R2) and the low root mean square error (RMSE) value. In addition, tree canopy estimation analysis using ARCI has a maximum difference of 9.8% with orthophoto visual delineation. 

Key words: canopy height model (CHM), digital surface models (DSM), digital terrain models (DTM), forest inventory, UAV image
POTENTIAL OF INCOME INCREASE OBTAINED FROM VISITORS’ PERCEPTION AND BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SERULINGMAS WILDLIFE RECREATION PARK BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Setiawan Wibiyanto , Sunarminto Tutut , Masyud Burhanuddin
Published: August 2021

The needs for a large amount of fund demand the conservation agency to be more creative and able to compromise the visitors` necessities as an effort to guarantee wildlife welfare by providing suitable environment and its infrastructure. The objective of this study is to obtain the data and information related to the potential of income increase gained from the visitors’ perception and behavior towards Serulingmas Wildlife Recreation Park (TRM) in order to optimize many resources owned through tourism service innovations offered to visitors. The data were collected by delivering questionnaires to 150 visitors. The data collected included characteristics, motivations, and perceptions of visitors toward animal collection which were categorized into four, i.e.knowledge about animal, visitor behavior towards animals, collection rating, and animals` condition. Moreover, the condition of facilities in Serulingmas TRM was also evaluated. Furthermore, the management will be able to find the recent condition of collection animals based on the current information obtained from visitors. Thus, the information could be used to improve the management and increase the attractiveness about the animals for visitors. The results showed that seeing animals was the most popular activity for visitors and tiger was the favorite animal selected by the visitors of Serulingmas TRM. Visitors had a perception that the existence of Serulingmas TRM could increase knowledge and positive behaviors towards animals supported by a good and attractive cage arrangement, healthy animal condition, good facilities and service condition. Moreover, the visitor's interest in seeing animals along with the willingness of visitors to pay the entrance fee by adding the animal attraction could increase the income estimation by 36.67% started from 2019 only if the management increased the entrance fee to Rp25,000.00 (based on visitors` Willingness to Pay value). The improvement of attraction that pays attention on the visitors` desire and needs by also considering animals` welfare can support a sustainable conservation agency. 

Key words: ex situ conservation, Serulingmas Wildlife Recreation Park Banjarnegara visitors` perception, willingness to pay
TREE STRATIFICATION BASED ON ERUPTION DAMAGE LEVEL IN MOUNT MERAPI NATIONAL PARK YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA
Authors: Utami Inggita , Putra Radhitiya Anjar Pramana , Wibowo Muhammad Saputra , Yusuf Febriant Isabella , Husna Fahmiatul , Eko Arviteno , Susanto Dennis
Published: August 2021

Mount Merapi’s eruption has caused damage to the forests in the Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). Nine years after the eruption, the vertical structure of vegetation can illustrate the progress of succession. This study aimed to analyze the tree composition and stratification in different forest damage levels after the 2010 Merapi eruption. The study was conducted in March 2019 at three stations, namely station A (heavy damage area), station B (moderate damage area), and station C (minor damage area). Vegetation parameters in each station were taken in a 10x100 plot and were processed using a tree profile diagram. Abiotic parameters were measured in each plot and analyzed using the correlation test. The results showed that the three stations were still dominated by the tree in Stratum C, but the tree density and tree height varied in proportion to the damage level. Station A in the heavy damage area has the lowest tree density (23 trees/0.1 ha) with a maximum tree height of 12 meters, in contrast to Station C in the minor damage area with tree density reaching 195 trees/0.1 ha and maximum tree height reaching 30 meters. Nine years after the Mount Merapi big eruption, the MMNP forests in Yogyakarta Province are still classified as young secondary forests. 

Key words: diagram, profile, succession, structure, vertical
Políticas educativas para el emprendimiento rural en Colombia
Authors: Pérez Luís Rubén
Published: August 2021

El emprendimiento es una práctica productiva que ha caracterizado a los pioneros y promotores de las grandes transformaciones económicas e industriales. El objetivo del artículo es describir los fundamentos e impactos que ha tenido la política pública en Cultura del emprendimiento del Estado colombiano a partir de la Ley 1014 de 2006. Para tal fin, los resultados de una investigación cualitativa basada en el contraste documental y el análisis de contenido bibliográfico permiten la descripción del modelo legal de educación emprendedora, las estrategias educativas en empresarialidad como parte de las cátedras en emprendimiento desde el ámbito rural, así como las adaptaciones de ese modelo a los contextos de la economía y educación rural. En conclusión, es reiterada la existencia de un modelo legal y oficial en emprendimiento, que al no ser explícito en los alcances para la zona rural requiere ser adaptado a los contextos y necesidades particulares de cada comunidad educativa campesina o étnica.
Colombia enferma de plomonía
Authors: Ríos Jerónimo
Published: August 2021

Estamos ante un libro que en 2020 fue publicado por el profesor Roberto Sancho Larrañaga, y que ha sido editado, conjuntamente, por Ariel y la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. A lo largo de sus 223 páginas, el autor nos invita a una reflexión sobre la violencia en Colombia, mayormente contextualizada en la década de los sesenta, y con continuos guiños a la guerrilla del Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN). Un grupo armado que, como muchos otros, surge bajo una lógica muy particular, al albor de la Guerra Fría y la experiencia directa con la Revolución Cubana. Ello, haciendo gala de una imbricación marxista en lo teórico y guevarista en lo práctico, cuyo ideario experimenta un mayor grado de sofisticación gracias a la aportación proveniente de la teología de la liberación. Camilo Torres, el grupo Golconda, y otros nombres como el de los sacerdotes aragoneses Domingo Laín o Manuel Pérez, contribuirán a enriquecer un corpus ideológico que desde los noventa entra en declive y que en la actualidad exhibe una suerte de fractura desnaturalizada. Esto es, entre una vieja comandancia política, mayormente presente en Cuba, la cual no ha perdido buena parte de su impronta originaria, y una generación más combativa y beligerante, a la vez que joven, que más actúan como señores de la guerra motivados por las ingentes fuentes de financiación ilícita que, de manera sempiterna, ofrece un Estado como el colombiano, aún hoy con más territorio que soberanía.
Does the Accounting Information Systems (AIS) Influence the Economy?
Authors: Halim Md. Abdul , Amin Md. Al
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to look at the impact of accounting information systems on the economy. The study has been directed based on the analytical and theoretical. It observed a total of 500 respondents. To run the research and to get informative results, this paper used primary data. It uses the Chi squire test, ANOVA tests, and Multinomial Logistic tests for analyzing the results. It calculates the data with the help of IBM statistical packages for social science (SPSS). This paper assumes that AIS is beneficial for Bangladeshi organizations, which contributes to the economic development of Bangladesh. However, it finally shows that this system has a gap between what accounting information systems are & what should be. This paper suggests that an organization may get potential benefits through the implementation of AIS in Bangladesh. It also will be benefited stakeholders from implying it. The paper conducts based on the listed financial organizations of Bangladesh. This is the main limitation of this study. It is the first work in Bangladesh based on my knowledge. It provides accurate information to all stakeholders that help them to the right decision. It will also help to improve the economic development of Bangladesh.
Slackening of Food Supply Chain during COVID-19 and Affecting Livelihood - A Global Concern
Authors: Mishra Ambika Prasad , Sahoo Jyoti Prakash
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought about another age on world as the human civilization is restricted in many aspects of everyday lives. There is no exception in the sector of food production and the supply chain of food. Due to constraints on demand, shutting of food production facilities, financial limitations, enterprise operations and delivery of different food items have been interrupted in the food supply chain. Every nation must comprehend the importance of the situation according to the spreading scenario of the ongoing pandemic. The probability of transmission via the food sector is regarded inconsequential, and the public authorities do not believe it necessary to follow COVID into workplaces. The unfavourable effects on the climate, the food framework and the people of the foodstuffs network are evident. An installation for the food supply chain should focus on amenities such as maintaining the safety and health of employees and changing working circumstances. This paper aims at discussing the effects of COVID-19 on the socio-economic status of human being including the negative impacts on the agriculture and food supply chain.
Proteomics and Bioinformatics as Novel Tools in Phytoremediation Technology- An Overview
Authors: Mohanty Monalisa
Published: August 2021

Biotechnology plays an important role in mitigation of various pollution in a cost effective manner by using the complex chemistry of living organisms, various cell manipulations and their approaches for environmental cleanup along with environmental sustainability. One such technology is phytoremediation technology or green technology which has emerged and evolved as a novel tool for remediation of toxic contaminants from environment. Plants with its diverse range show a remarkable range of their phytoremediation potentiality for establishing a sustainable environment. There is a huge exploitation of natural resources through expanded industrialization, urbanization, modern agricultural development, energy generation to fulfill the never-ending human desires and need. This disturbs the balance in nature where we reside and leads to progressive deterioration of the environment. There are several biotechnological advances which are employed for combating both the biotic and abiotic stress problems caused due to toxic contaminants in the environment. Various biotechnological interventions such as bioinformatics, proteomics, genomics, metallomics and metabolomics play a crucial role and open new avenue in this context. This omics approach is now integrated with bioinformatics to serve as a novel tool in phytoremediation technology. This smart technology provides insights into the complex behavior of enzymes, proteins and metabolites action and their biochemical pathways for degradation of wastes. This leads towards deriving a sustainable solution for environmental pollution.
Anti-diabetic activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves by In-vitro, In-vivo and Ex-vivo methods
Authors: Venkatesh S  , Aswani K  , Asheena Asharaf V V  , Anjitha P  , Suresh A  , Babu G
Published: August 2021

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo anti-diabetic activity of leaves of chloroform extract Clerodendrum paniculatum (CECP). The extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates etc. The anti-diabetic activity of extract was studied by in-vitro (alpha amylase inhibition and alpha glucosidase inhibition assay), in-vivo (streptozotocin induced diabetes) and ex-vivo (glucose uptake by rat hemi - diaphragm method). For in-vitro studies, the inhibitory action of CECP was compared with standard drug Acarbose. The IC50 values of CECP for alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase was found to be 158.396 µg/ml and 113.122 µg/ml respectively and the extract shows significant anti-diabetic activity. For in-vivo and ex-vivo studies Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug to compare the blood glucose level and uptake of glucose was calculated. The results obtained from the study indicate that both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of CECP showed significant anti-diabetic activity. The 400 mg/kg of CECP showed better activity when compared to 200 mg/kg of the extract. The glucose uptake study was performed by isolated rat hemidiaphragm method. The hemi diaphragm obtained from the rats treated with both the doses of CECP showed significant glucose uptake.