bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating distributed-learning on real-world obstetrics data: comparing distributed, centralized and local models
Authors: Coutinho-Almeida João , Cruz-Correia Ricardo João , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira
Published: May 2024

This study focused on comparing distributed learning models with centralized and local models, assessing their efficacy in predicting specific delivery and patient-related outcomes in obstetrics using real-world data. The predictions focus on key moments in the obstetric care process, including discharge and various stages of hospitalization. Our analysis: using 6 different machine learning methods like Decision Trees, Bayesian methods, Stochastic Gradient Descent, K-nearest neighbors, AdaBoost, and Multi-layer Perceptron and 19 different variables with various distributions and types, revealed that distributed models were at least equal, and often superior, to centralized versions and local versions. We also describe thoroughly the preprocessing stage in order to help others implement this method in real-world scenarios. The preprocessing steps included cleaning and harmonizing missing values, handling missing data and encoding categorical variables with multisite logic. Even though the type of machine learning model and the distribution of the outcome variable can impact the result, we reached results of 66% being superior to the centralized and local counterpart and 77% being better than the centralized with AdaBoost. Our experiments also shed light in the preprocessing steps required to implement distributed models in a real-world scenario. Our results advocate for distributed learning as a promising tool for applying machine learning in clinical settings, particularly when privacy and data security are paramount, thus offering a robust solution for privacy-concerned clinical applications.
New Canary Islands Roman mediated settlement hypothesis deduced from coalescence ages of curated maternal indigenous lineages
Authors: Cabrera Vicente M.
Published: May 2024

Numerous genetic studies have contributed to reconstructing the human history of the Canary Islands population. The recent use of new ancient DNA targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing techniques on new Canary Islands samples have greatly improved these molecular results. However, the bulk of the available data is still provided by the classic mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies carried out on the indigenous, historical, and extant human populations of the Canary Islands. In the present study, making use of all the accumulated mitochondrial information, the existence of DNA contamination and archaeological sample misidentification in those samples is evidenced. Following a thorough review of these cases, the new phylogeographic analysis revealed the existence of a heterogeneous indigenous Canarian population, asymmetrically distributed across the various islands, which most likely descended from a unique mainland settlement. These new results and new proposed coalescent ages are compatible with a Roman-mediated arrival driven by the exploitation of the purple dye manufacture in the Canary Islands.
Factors which can influence elastic stable intramedullary nailing removal in healed bone cysts in children
Authors: Liu Jiao , Su Yuxi
Published: May 2024

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) internal fixation is used clinically to treat pathological fractures of bone cysts in children. However, one of the most important complications was removal difficulty. In this study, we aim to analyse the factors which can influence ESIN removal in healed bone cysts in children. From April 2014 to November 2020, the clinical data of 49 children who underwent elastic stable intramedullary nail removal for pathological fractures of the bone cysts in our hospital were retrospectively analysed. The following data, including age, sex, pathological fracture site, with bone graft, number of ESINs, ESIN indwelling time, and extraosseous length of ESIN were collected, and univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis was performed. The frequency of difficulty in ESIN extraction was 44.90% (22/49). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,ESIN indwelling time,with bone garft and extraosseous length of ESIN may be correlated with the difficulty in removing ESIN (P < 0.05), while sex, pathological fracture site, number of ESIN may not be correlated with the difficulty in removing ESIN (P > 0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ESIN indwelling time was the independent influencing factor for difficulty in removing ESIN (P < 0.05). The factors influencing the ESIN removal in healed bone cysts in children include over 11.79 years old, the long indwelling time of the ESIN(over 10.5 months),with bone graft and short extraosseous length of ESIN(≤ 0.405 cm). These factors influencing ESIN removal in healed bone cysts in children should be considered.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version of PROMIS-29 version 2.1 in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Jinying , Liu Yating , Cui Yan , Wang Wen , Li Junjie , Liu Yanxia , Tian Fei , Wang Zhixin , Zhang Huijuan , Liu Guiying , Wu Yun , Li Qiuhuan , Hu Tingyu , Zhang Wen , Xie Wenjun
Published: May 2024

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item Profile version 2.1 (PROMIS-29 V2.1) is a widely utilized self-reported instrument for assessing health outcomes from the patients’ perspectives. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PROMIS-29 V2.1 Chinese version among patients with hematological malignancy. Conducted as a cross-sectional, this research was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (registration number QTJC2022002-EC-1). We employed convenience sampling to enroll eligible patients with hematological malignancy from four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui province in China between June and August 2023. Participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic information questionnaire, the PROMIS-29 V2.1, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). We assessed the reliability, ceiling and floor effects, structural, convergent discriminant and criterion validity of the PROMIS-29 V2.1. A total of 354 patients with a mean age of 46.93 years was included in the final analysis. The reliability of the PROMIS-29 V2.1 was affirmed, with Cronbach’s α for the domains ranging from 0.787 to 0.968. Except sleep disturbance, the other six domains had ceiling effects, which were seen on physical function (26.0%), anxiety (37.0%), depression (40.4%), fatigue (18.4%), social roles (18.9%) and pain interference (43.2%), respectively. Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the PROMIS-29 V2.1 and FACT-G scores, as determined by the Spearman correlation test (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a good model fit, with indices of χ2/df (2.602), IFI (0.960), and RMSEA (0.067). The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values for the seven dimensions of PROMIS-29 V2.1, ranging from 0.500 to 0.910, demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity. Discriminant validity was confirmed by ideal √AVE values. The Chinese version of the PROMIS-29 V2.1 profile has been validated as an effective instrument for assessing symptoms and functions in patients with hematological malignancy, underscoring its reliability and applicability in this specific patient group.
Structure-based epitope prediction and assessment of cross-reactivity of Myrmecia pilosula venom-specific IgE and recombinant Sol g proteins (Solenopsis geminata)
Authors: Buraphaka Hathairat , Dobutr Theerawat , Wiese Michael D. , Lopata Andreas L. , Daduang Sakda
Published: May 2024

The global distribution of tropical fire ants (Solenopsis geminata) raises concerns about anaphylaxis and serious medical issues in numerous countries. This investigation focused on the cross-reactivity of allergen-specific IgE antibodies between S. geminata and Myrmecia pilosula (Jack Jumper ant) venom proteins due to the potential emergence of cross-reactive allergies in the future. Antibody epitope analysis unveiled one predominant conformational epitope on Sol g 1.1 (PI score of 0.989), followed by Sol g 2.2, Sol g 4.1, and Sol g 3.1. Additionally, Pilosulin 1 showed high allergenic potential (PI score of 0.94), with Pilosulin 5a (PI score of 0.797) leading in B-cell epitopes. The sequence analysis indicated that Sol g 2.2 and Sol g 4.1 pose a high risk of cross-reactivity with Pilosulins 4.1a and 5a. Furthermore, the cross-reactivity of recombinant Sol g proteins with M. pilosula-specific IgE antibodies from 41 patients revealed high cross-reactivity for r-Sol g 3.1 (58.53%) and r-Sol g 4.1 (43.90%), followed by r-Sol g 2.2 (26.82%), and r-Sol g 1.1 (9.75%). Therefore, this study demonstrates cross-reactivity (85.36%) between S. geminata and M. pilosula, highlighting the allergenic risk. Understanding these reactions is vital for the prevention of severe allergic reactions, especially in individuals with pre-existing Jumper Jack ant allergy, informing future management strategies.
Investigating changes in the electric field profiles of transverse modes in fibres due to bending
Authors: Vazeerpour Sajjad , Shayganmanesh Mahdi , Dorranian Davoud
Published: May 2024

A model is presented for calculating the electric field profiles of transverse modes in fibres. Using this model, the electric field propagation of transverse modes was calculated and compared in both bent and straight Yb and Ho fibres. Our simulations revealed that the field intensities of the modes did not consistently increase or decrease by bending as expected, but rather fluctuated as the bending radii of the fibres changed from 1 to 100 cm. Additionally, it was observed that at certain bending radii, the modes of the fibres became deformed and transitioned into higher modes. Furthermore, the extent to which the modes stretched towards cladding due to bending was calculated. To provide a more comprehensive analysis of the results and investigate the effects of the physical parameters of the fibres on the bent fibre modes, simulation results were presented for two different V numbers and core radii.
Deceleration of kicked objects due to the Galactic potential
Authors: Disberg P. , Gaspari N. , Levan A. J.
Published: May 2024

Context.Various stellar objects experience a velocity kick at some point in their evolution. These include neutron stars and black holes at their birth, or binary systems when one of the two components goes supernova. For most of these objects, the magnitude of the kick and its impact on the object dynamics remains a topic of debate.

Aims.We investigate how kicks alter the velocity distribution of objects born in the Milky Way disc, both immediately after the kick and at later times, and whether these kicks are encoded in the observed population of Galactic neutron stars.

Methods.We simulated the Galactic trajectories of point masses on circular orbits in the disc after being perturbed by an isotropic kick, with a Maxwellian distribution whereσ = 265 km s−1. Then, we simulated the motion of these point masses for 200 Myr. These trajectories were then evaluated, either for the Milky Way population as a whole or for those passing within two kiloparsecs of the Sun, to get the time evolution of the velocities.

Results.During the first 20 Myr, the bulk velocity of kicked objects becomes temporarily aligned with the cylindrical radius, implying an anisotropy in the velocity orientations. Beyond this age, the velocity distribution shifts towards lower values and settles to a median of ∼200 km s−1. Around the Sun, the distribution also loses its upper tail, primarily due to unbound objects escaping the Galaxy. We compared this to the velocities of Galactic pulsars and find that pulsars show a similar evolution with characteristic age.

Conclusions.The shift in the velocity distribution is due to bound objects spending most of their orbits at larger radii after the kick. They are, therefore, decelerated by the Galactic potential. We find the same deceleration for nearby objects and the total population, and conclude that it is also observed in Galactic pulsars. Because of this effect, the (scalar) speeds of old neutron stars provide little information about their kicks at birth.
Physiological, biochemical, and histological changes in trout muscles as a result of white lupine inclusion in the diet structure
Authors: Gaponov N.V. , Loretts O.G. , Neverova O.P.
Published: May 2024

The work evaluated the effect of white lupin on the physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters of rainbow trout. The data of water chemical analysis, biochemical and histological analysis of rainbow trout muscles are presented. The results of the experiment indicate more pronounced positive results in the experimental groups, the average live weight of trout at the end of the studies in the 2nd experimental group was 3.7% higher relative to the control group. The average live weight of the 3rd group was 18.5% higher and that of the 4th group was 7.4%. At the end of the studies, an increase in muscle mass was observed in group 2 by 1.5% more than in the control group, group 3 – 18.8% and in the 4 experimental group – 12.8%, respectively. According to the results of biochemical analysis of muscle tissue, an increase in protein content in the experimental groups was established, in 2 experimental group by 0.2%, in 3 experimental group – 3.59%, and in 4 experimental group – 3.11%. The fat content in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout of the experimental groups decreased by 0.46% in 2 experimental group, 1.0% in 3 experimental group, and 0.96% in 4 experimental group. Therefore, the use of white lupin in the diet as a high-protein component affects the reduction of body fat in rainbow trout and contributes to an increase in protein content. Histological analysis of the white muscles of the control and experimental groups of trout showed moderate separation of muscle fibers and integrity of myofibrils. The striation of the transverse muscle was well pronounced. The experiment established a positive effect on its productivity, the biochemical composition of muscle tissue, and the quality of the products obtained.
The effect of plant protein high levels in feed on biometric and histopathological parameters of rainbow trout
Authors: Gaponov N.V. , Loretts O.G. , Neverova O.P.
Published: May 2024

Comparative studies of the effect of replacing animal protein in the structure of the diet with vegetable protein on biometric parameters and histopathological parameters of the liver of rainbow trout have been carried out on biological models of rainbow trout. Changes in trout carcass structure were revealed, indicating a change in live weight in the 1st control and 2nd experimental groups with a result of 3.7%, changes occurred in the 3rd group - 7.4%. Moreover, the changes in muscle mass in group 2 were expressed better than in the control group by 1.5%, similarly in group 3 – 12.8%. The weight gain of edible parts in group 2 was expressed better by 4.1% than in the control group, and in the experimental group 3 – 7.3%. The mass of in-edible parts in the study groups was also higher than in the control group. The yield of edible parts was higher in the 2 experimental group by 0.21%, in the experimental group 3 – 0.2%. When examining the liver tissue of the experimental group 3, some degenerative changes were revealed. Vacuolization of liver cells in the experimental group 3, which were fed a diet with vegetable protein high content in its structure, was significantly lower, and accordingly, in this group there were the smallest hepatocytes. Defects in cellular contacts in the liver, destruction, and proliferation of lymphohistiocyte cells into sinusoids were observed. Thus, a decrease of animal feed in the structure of predatory fish diets to the level of 25% leads to liver degeneration. This reactive adaptation of the liver to a new vegetable protein ingredient is of a short-term nature.
Effects of white lupine on hematological and morphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout
Authors: Gaponov N.V. , Loretts O.G. , Neverova O.P.
Published: May 2024

The effect of white lupine with an alkaloid content of 0.02% on hematological and morphophysiological parameters of rainbow trout was evaluated. 4 groups were formed for the experiment. The control group received full-fledged extruded compound feed. 2 experimental group received the same full-fledged compound feed, but its structure contained native white lupine in an amount of 10%. In the recipe of the full-fledged compound feed of the 3rd group, peeled white lupine of the Degas variety was used in quantitative composition of 22%, and in the 4th group - white lupine without a shell 25%. The data obtained as a result of the experiment indicate that lupine in the structures of compound feeds with an alkaloid content of 0.02% does not have a negative effect on hematological parameters, as the changes are characteristic of the control and experimental groups. A significant decrease in intestinal mass was found in the 3rd experimental group by 24.1%, which indicates the balance of the complete recipe in terms of amino acid composition and feed protein usefulness. In the future, this contributed to a better digestibility of protein in the anterior intestine. An increase in intestinal mass in the 2 experimental group by 26.3% was associated with the use of lupine with a shell, which led to the adaptation of trout in the form of morphological changes in the intestine under the influence of fiber.
The use of D- and L,D- cloprostenol to reduce diastral period of estrus cycle in mares
Authors: Solodova E. , Lebedeva L.
Published: May 2024

In order to determine the minimum effective drug doses, the levels of decrease in progesterone concentration followed the injections of D and L, D - cloprostenol (the dosage 25 - 250 μg) were compared. The effect of treatment on the reduction of estrus duration and the time before ovulation were studied. It has been shown that the level of progesterone 24 hours after the first injection (at any dose except 50 μg of L, Dcloprostenol) decreased by 76-81%. Complete luteolysis was achieved (0.24-0.45 ng/ml) at any kind of treatment in 72 hours after injection. A significant difference in the average duration of estrus (when using large doses) and the period from injection to ovulation (when using small and large doses) was found between groups of mares that were injected with a follicle diameter of 22-28 or 29-37 mm in both the first and in the second half of diestrus. The study showed that the use of D-cloprostenol once in reduced doses (25 - 50 μg) or D, L-cloprostenol twice 50 μl in the presence of follicles more than 29 mm in diameter will decrease the risk of reducing the duration of estrus.
Assessment of the influence of linear origin on the productive longevity of cows
Authors: Fedoseeva N.A. , Tetdoev V.V. , Gorelik O.V.
Published: May 2024

The foundation stock of dairy cattle in the country is represented by animals of the Holstein breed, the most abundantly dairy in the world. The breeding of Holstein cattle is carried out along the lines and it is interesting to evaluate the animals of these lines for productive longevity. In the dairy herd there is a significant number of animals obtained as a result of inbreeding and inbreeding ranges from 0.25±0.026 (Reflection Sovering line) to 0.44±0.038 (Vis Back Ideal line), depending on the line. A greater number of cows obtained as a result of closely related mating in the Vis Back Ideal line. All cows, regardless of their lineage, have a high level of Holstein bloodline from 83.5±2.96 (Montwick Chieftain line) to 87.6±0.51 (Vis Back Ideal line) and, accordingly, can be considered as representatives of the Holstein breed. The highest duration of productive use was found in the group of cows of the Montwick Chieftain line. Lower indicators of productive longevity were found in the group of animals of the Vis Back Ideal line. The age of maximum lactation in the main, most common lines of cows: Reflection Sovering and Vis Back Ideal and amounted to 1.93 and 1.84 lactation, respectively. The most nutrients were obtained from the milk of cows of the Montwick Chieftain line, even for average lactation, which, in our opinion, is explained by the high quality indicators of milk from cows of this group.
Productive qualities of cows and their relationship depending on the kappa-casein genotype
Authors: Fedoseeva N.A. , Tetdoev V.V. , Gorelik O.V.
Published: May 2024

Due to the rapid development of cheese making, questions arise about obtaining milk with the properties necessary for their production, which are determined, among other things, by heredity. There is a need to evaluate cows of different genotypes by kappa-casein to make a decision on their breeding. The purpose of the work is to study the productive qualities of Holstein cows and their relationship depending on the kappa-casein genotype. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that cows with the kappa-casein BB genotype exceeded their peers from other groups by 452.35 kg (AA genotype) and 291.33 kg (AB genotype) or by 4.2- 2.7% in milk yield for the first lactation.Cows with the kappa-casein genotype AB and BB have stable lactation activity characterized by high milk yields in the second half of lactation, whereas cows with the AA genotype have a decrease in milk yield. Cows with the kappa casein AA and AB genotype have a negative correlation between milk yield and PMF in milk, while they are positive between milk yield and FMF in milk. The correlation coefficient between milk quality indicators – FMF and PMF in cows with the AA and AB genotypes was positive, while in animals with the BB genotype it was low and negative. Thus, it can be said that cows with different kappa-casein genotypes differ in indicators of the relationship between productive traits.
Cow productivity depending on the energy level of their feeding
Authors: Malyavko I.V. , Malyavko V.A.
Published: May 2024

This article presents the results of a scientific and economic experiment conducted on lactating cows of Holstein black-and-white breed during the second lactation period, in which the effect of increased energy levels of feeding dairy cows on their productivity was studied. Based on the conducted studies, it was revealed that an increase in the energy level of feeding lactating cows of the experimental group in the second lactation period by 33.3 MJ of metabolic energy due to a decrease in the yield of corn silage and concentrated feed, the replacement of mixed hay with alfalfa hay and the introduction of long-term grass haylage into the feeding diet contributed to a better consumption of metabolic energy by 31.3 MJ, dry matter – by 5.2 kg, crude protein – by 997 g, including digestible protein – by 613 g, crude fiber – by 1594 g, crude fat – by 237 g, sugar – by 553 g, compared with lactating cows of the control group. This led to an increase in gross milk production during the second lactation period in lactating cows of the experimental group by 275 kg, an increase in the fat content in milk by 0.02% and protein by 0.03%, respectively, then in lactating cows of the control group. One energy feed unit in the feeding diet of lactating cows of the control group accounted for 12.3 g less digestible protein than in the experimental group. The consumption of concentrates per 1 kg of milk in the control group was 25% higher than in the experimental group.
The influence of drugs containing polyhydroxy acids on metabolic processes and physiological vital signs of rabbits
Authors: Gusarova Angelina , Lyashchuk Yulia , Ovchinnikov Alexey , Samarin Gennady , Ivanishchev Konstantin
Published: May 2024

The work is devoted to the use of polyhydroxy acids with antioxidant properties in rabbit breeding. The authors examined the effect of gluconolactone, used in the diet of animals, on metabolic processes and physiological indicators of the vital functions of rabbits. To raise healthy rabbits with high meat quality, balanced feeding is necessary. When there is an imbalance in feed rations, animals get sick more often and gain body weight more slowly. Rabbits, like other animals, can obtain antioxidants from plant foods, but their concentration may not be sufficient to provide full protection against oxidative stress. To stabilize feed rations, various biologically active additives are used to increase the efficiency of raising animals and improve productivity indicators. Based on the studies conducted (using the example of gluconolactone), the authors showed the therapeutic significance and feasibility of including supplements containing polyhydroxy acids in the diet of rabbits.
Microbial communities of activated sludge: A potential contribution to the production of vitamin B12
Authors: Goryacheva Sofia A. , Kalinina Irina V.
Published: May 2024

The chemical synthesis of vitamin B12, an important nutrient for living organisms, is complex due to the asymmetric structure of the vitamin molecule. This opens up significant prospects for the development of biotechnological approaches to cyanocobalamin synthesis, which forms the basis of this work. The study examines the potential of activated sludge generated during wastewater treatment as a source of vitamin B12 products for the production of feed concentrates. As a nutrient medium, the possibility of using waste from alcohol processing production – stillage, is being considered. Together, this can make it possible to ensure the economic viability, sustainability and feasibility of biosynthesis of feed vitamin B12 on an industrial scale. The cultivation process was monitored by monitoring a set of indicators, including the pH of the medium, the amount of dry matter, dihydrogenase activity, weight gain and B12 content. The analysis of the data highlights the importance of understanding the complexity of the relationship between individual cultivation parameters to optimize vitamin B12 production processes. In general, the achieved level of vitamin B12 synthesis was 430 mcg/l, which allows to consider active sludge and distillery stillage as potentially promising components of the vitamin B12 biosynthesis process.
Protocol refinement for quenching autofluorescence of red blood cells in FFPE sections of organ samples from cattle, pigs and chickens
Authors: Bytov Maksim V. , Petrova Irina M. , Khatsko Sergey L. , Sokolova Olga V. , Shkuratova Irina A.
Published: May 2024

One of the most common problem that researchers encounter when using fluorescence to visualize immunohistochemistry is the autofluorescence of the studied organ tissue sections and cell cultures. Autofluorescence quenching is necessary for a wide variety of organs and tissues, as well as for different methods of fixation and histochemical processing of sections. In addition to autofluorescence quenching, it is necessary to take into account the need for histological readability of tissue sections when using counterstains afterwards. Such protocol refinement for fluorescent immunohistochemistry for chicken, porcine and cattle tissues was carried out for the first time, as well as the use of a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution with ethanol as Sudan Black B (SBB) solvent. Incubation of sections in SBB was chosen as the simplest and most nonspecific one. The most effective dissolution of the dye is achieved at a concentration of 0.3% SBB in a solution of 70% ethanol and absolutized DMSO in a 4:1 v/v ratio. The most thorough removal of SBB solution excess is achieved by rinsing the sections 5 times with 70% ethanol and then rinsing the sections with TBST (tris-buffered saline and Tween-20) buffer 5 times.
Application of axiologically-oriented classes’ system when teaching agricultural students of different cultures by means of social disciplines
Authors: Medvedeva Svetlana , Golub Larissa , Semishev Mihail , Semisheva Valentina , Sychev Sergej
Published: May 2024

The value orientations of students are of great scientific interest from the point of view of the formation of the educational process in universities and are an important subject of sociological and pedagogical research. The aim of our research is to work out a program of value-oriented lessons, connecting the social disciplines as well as curatorial lessons with united axiological topics, apply it in classes with students, evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency to increase the level of knowledge, strengthen motivation to study the values of intercultural communication, elevate axiological orientations of intercultural communication of students to the rank of norm. Our validation tools comprise hypothesis, analysis, observation, synthesis, simulation, mathematical data treatment, experimental tests, and diagnosis methods. During the implementation of the program, the personal and social value groups of the students of the experimental group were most influenced. A positive result of working with the professional values of intercultural communication can be considered a change in their numerical indicators of significance. The strategic direction of the formation of a university student is the motivation for purposeful entry into the system of values as universal socio-cultural orientations. The emphasis shifts to changing personal qualities, which eventually enhance the activity of the individual in the socioprofessional sphere.
Study and evaluation of varieties of non-traditional forage crops in the conditions of the cryolithozone
Authors: Osipova V.V. , Konoshchuk L.Ya. , Chebotarev A.P. , Zharkova S.V.
Published: May 2024

In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), where the main focus of agriculture is animal husbandry, there is a problem of providing cattle with high-quality feed. Currently, the productivity of natural hayfields in Yakutia, due to their irrational use, has decreased from 1.5-1.7 t/ha of hay in the 50s and 60s of the last century to 0.5-0.7 t/ha. Traditional annual and perennial forage crops do not provide the full amount of dry and juicy feed needed. In this regard, research has been conducted on the permafrost floodplain soils of Yakutia to study and search for varieties of non-traditional forage crops that would guarantee a high annual yield of forage mass. The varieties of mogara Altaysky 23, common millet Barnaulskoye 98, Barnaulskoye 18 and Africanskoye K-157 were studied. Experiments have shown that in the conditions of the cryolithozone, the development of mogara plants and common millet plants proceeds slowly and reaches the beginning of flowering phase at the end of the growing season, Africanskoye K-157 millet has more accelerated development and it stops at the beginning of seed maturation. The most leafy millet variety Africanskoye K-157 - (160.4 cm2/plant) provides the highest productivity of green mass (39.8 t/ha); the studied varieties of non-traditional forage crops are rich in protein content (12.5-14.3%), feed units (0.50-0.55 g per 1 kg), exchange energy for ruminants animals (7.1-7.4 MJ/kg).
The epizootic situation of avian influenza in the Kaluga region
Authors: Evstafyev D.M. , Dudin P.V. , Spasskaya T.A. , Bondarev A.Ya. , Vodolazov E.A.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the problems associated with increased virulence of strains due to the high representativeness of the sample of susceptible organisms, the spread of avian influenza and its natural reservoirs. Currently, avian influenza virus strains are divided into HPAI (highly pathogenic) and LPAI (low pathogenic). Registered outbreaks among wild and domestic birds and cases of human infection with influenza viruses of subtypes H5N8, H7N9 and H9N2 indicate an active mutation of the virus and the appearance of “aggressive” strains that can infect not only poultry, but also humans. This article analyzes the current epizootic situation of avian influenza in the Kaluga region for 2022-2023.
Localization of matrix metalloproteinases in the placenta of cows with complicated pregnancy by placental insufficiency
Authors: Avdeenko V.S. , Safronov D.I. , Akhmadov V.T.
Published: May 2024

The placenta of 8 cows with physiological (PP) and placental insufficiency pregnancy (FPI) served as the material for the study. Analysis of the content of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the tissue of the uterine part of the placenta in cows with FPI indicated the degradation of the connective tissue matrix of cotyledons of chorionic villi and crypts of caruncles, due to the lack of interstitial substance structuring. Hyperplasia of crypts of caruncles is observed, which form glandular-like structures, with reduction in cotyledon chorionic villi in cotyledons. The level of MMP-3 metalloproteinase was detected in the structure of defragmented maternal crypts, and the presence of immunopositive cells was recorded only in the vascular region with active hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells. The level of MMP-3 metalloproteinase was detected in the structure of defragmented maternal crypts, and the presence of immunopositive cells was recorded only in the vascular region with active hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells. A decrease in the level of MMP-3 metalloproteinase in cotyledons of placental structures of cows was clearly noted in samples obtained from cows with placental insufficiency (FPI). Morphological changes in the placenta in cows with FPI, manifested before childbirth, are characterized by the free arrangement of cotyledons of chorionic villi in the crypts of caruncles formed by branches of uterine septa. Translocation of metalloproteinases of the MMR-3 type was found in the cotyledon space between the villi of the cotiledon chorion and the epithelium of the crypts of caruncles, especially in places where the villi are completely reduced. The conducted research may contribute to the development of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies in mothers and newborns.
Gunshot wounds to animals
Authors: Khankhasykov S.P. , Zhilin D.N. , Tokar V.V.
Published: May 2024

Gunshot injuries are quite common in various animal species. In 40.0% of cases, this type of damage was detected on the corpses of roe deer, in 26.67% of cases, damage was noted on the corpses of Manchurian elk, 13.33% of cases were registered in horses and cattle. In 6.67% of cases, injuries were found on the dog’s corpse. In 40.0% of the cases, the injuries corresponded to blind gunshot wounds and were represented by an entrance gunshot wound and a wound channel. There was no exit wound. In 33.33% of the injuries corresponded to perforating gunshot and were represented by an entrance and exit wound opening and wound canal. 20% of the identified injuries are represented by tangential gunshot wounds, characterized by the presence of an open wound canal. In 6.67% of cases, injuries were attributed to bruised gunshot.
Significance of malondialdehyde in Iraqi women patients with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Smesim Aevan Ahsan Ali , Al-Sallami Zayad Hakim Rahim , Al-janabi Dhafer Rahman Abed , Algenabi Abdul Hussein Alwan
Published: May 2024

Evidence from previous epidemiological and clinical studies suggests a possible relationship between antioxidant stress and anemia. Our study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2021 and the aim of the study is to evaluate oxidative stress by studying lipid peroxidation for women only in Najaf Governorate / Iraq with iron deficiency anemia compared to healthy controls. A case-control study was designed to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA). The number of samples was 180, 90 of whom were IDA patients and the other 90 were normal control subjects. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a stati .stically significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (8.54 ± 2.5 (nmol/ml) versus 4.39 ± 0.83 (nmol/ml); P<0.001), in addition to an increase in lipid peroxidation in women with iron deficiency anemia.
Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles against MDRPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolated from Different Clinical Infections
Authors: Al Shafii Shihab Wahab , Hassan Baydaa A.
Published: May 2024

In this study, 180 isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosawere isolated from patients suffering from various infections, including urinary tract infections, burns, ear infections, tonsillitis, and pneumonia. Specimens were taken from patients hospitalized in Al-Hakim General Hospital, Al-Sadr Medical City, and the Burn Center in Najaf Al-Ashraf, and they were transferred to the Microbiology Laboratory in the Biology Department in the College of Science.P. aeruginosahave been isolated from Specimens taken from patients with these various infections. Isolation methods were different, including culture on MacConkey medium, blood agar, as well as various biochemical and Vitek tests. Susceptibility testing was also performed on these bacteria for six families according to CLSI. These families are penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbopenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinins, and lipopeptides. It was noted that forty isolates were multi-resistant to these antibiotics. It was also revealed that resistant isolates formed biofilms using a flat microliter. The effectiveness of domestic and imported magnesium oxide nanoparticles on resistant isolates was conducted. These two types were taken at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml. Imported MgO nanoparticles were more effective than domestic ones. It was also observed that the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on resistant bacteria increased with increasing concentration. Antibiotics resistant to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were also taken and mixed with imported and local magnesium oxide nanoparticles with an optimal concentration of (200) μg/ml. The effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles combined with antibiotics was greater than if the nanoparticles were alone.
Evaluation the validity of metalloproteinase 9 in Nephrotic Syndrome patients in AlNajaf province
Authors: Kadim Alaa Abd , Hassan Adhraa Baqer
Published: May 2024

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a medical disorder characterized by large proteinuria (more than 40 mg/m^2 hourly) that causes hypoalbuminemia (below than 30 g/L), which leads to edema, hyperlipidemia, and additional complications. The renal glomerulus’s Injured basement membrane causes increased permeability, A variation in glomerular permeability is the cause of this condition. Materials and methods: 70 patients were randomly chosen to participate in the clinical study. (35 Males and 35 Females) with autoimmune disease and nephrotic syndrom attending the kidney disease center in AlSadder Teaching City in AlNajaf province, Iraq. It was carried out from November 2022 to July 2023. The ages of patients was range of 1-50y. Results: The consequences show asignificant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in Metalloproteinase -9 (MMP9) level in nephrotic patients in relating with control groups moreover demonstrate a significant decline (P≤ 0.05) in metalloproteinase -9 (MMP9) level in nephrotic patients in compare with control group at different age groups and results furthermore display significant effect (p≥ 0.05) in metalloproteinase -9 (MMP9) level between groups of ages also reveal no significant effect (P≥ 0.05) in metalloproteinase 9 in females and males in nephrotic patients and significant reduction (P≤ 0.05) in metalloproteinase 9level in both nephrotic patients in comparing with control groups. show a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in Metalloproteinase -9 (MMP9) level in nephrotic patients in rural groups than urban groups. Conclusion: The present study concluded that was found significantly decreased in nephrotic patient and increased in rural nephrotic patients than in urban patients.
Superfrontiers of Crop Production: Artificial Intelligence in Formation the Grain Production Ecosystem
Authors: Arinichev I.V. , Sidorov V.A. , Arinicheva I.V.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents a study dedicated to analyzing the role of crop production superfrontiers in forming the agricultural production ecosystem, with a focus on the grain sector. Special attention is given to the superfrontier - data intelligence analytics as an effective tool for optimizing grain production. The authors consider specific examples of successful integration of intelligent analytical methods into practice, identifying their positive impact on improving production efficiency, including cost reduction and business process management enhancement. Among the main barriers to the implementation and use of intelligent technologies and systems, the lack of a unified methodology for collecting and preparing data for training and configuring intelligent grain production systems as a whole is noted. It is shown that artificial intelligence forms the basis of modern monitoring systems, permeating the ecosystem at all levels (supply, production, sales). Considering these features, the article presents a fundamental scheme for organizing the grain production ecosystem.
Medicago falcata L. Population State and Prospects for Use in North-Western Region
Authors: Abdushaeva Yaroslava M.
Published: May 2024

Meadows play an important role in maintaining the floristic diversity of regional floras. The phytocenotic allocation of the Medicago falcata L. population has not been sufficiently studied, as well as patterns of distribution of its units and unit groups, viability in a specific habitat under various anthropogenic influences. The growth and development of Medicago falcata L. populations under optimal conditions are becoming increasingly relevant and are promising in theoretical and applied aspects.The purpose is to study morphological characteristics and search for valuable forms of Medicago falcata L. to create varieties with high seed and feed productivity in the process of breeding work. The morphological characteristics of plants were studied depending on the age state and distribution of units in the territory they occupied. We have established that the total number of plants in the juvenile state in the population varies little from year to year, although the quantitative ratios of young plants of individual species can fluctuate significantly. This indicates that units in the juvenile state occupy a common ecological niche in the cenosis. The population of Medicago falcata L., growing in the Shelon meadow in the Soltsydistrict, differ in the methods of vegetation resumption, with numerous well-leafed shoots and high ecological plasticity. The formed meadow ecosystems depend not only on the natural conditions in their locations, but also on the influence of anthropogenic factors, which in turn affects the biogeocenosis (living organisms and their interaction with the environment) and, accordingly, the species composition of the meadow. There are rosette-free monocyclic vegetative and generative shoots, with a well-developed root system vertically and horizontally in the soil profile.
The effect of complex fertilizers on the productivity of potato varieties on reclaimed lands in the Central Agricultural District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pavlov M.N. , Drozdov I.A. , Akimov A.A. , Skvortsov S.S. , Ivanyutina N.N.
Published: May 2024

On a reclaimed site in the conditions of the Central NonChernozem region of Russia (Tver region), the productivity of potato varieties Sadon and Gala was studied on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition (N120P160K180 and N120P160K180 + trace elements) with different variants of non-root top dressing (control (without top dressing), Aquarin 12 (2x top dressing), Humate +7 (2x top dressing); Aquarin 12 (1st top dressing) + Humate +7 (2nd top dressing)). As a result, it was revealed that the highest yield and crop quality were obtained from the Sadon variety, which in 2023 formed 32.8 thousand plants/ha, 40.7 t/ha of tubers with a dry matter content of 20.4%. The microelement additive provided a significant increase in yield (1.9 t/ha) only for this variety. Against the background without a trace element additive, the highest tuberous productivity in the Sadon variety was provided by 2-fold use of the preparation Humate+7 (an increase of 6.4 t/ha), in the Gala variety – Aquarin 12 + Humate+7 (an increase of 6.7 t/ha). Against the background of the microelement additive for the Sadon variety, the increase in yield was ensured by the use of all foliar dressings (3.9 - 4.6 t/ha). A strong direct relationship was found between the yield of tubers and the density of plants standing for harvesting and the chlorophyll content index (CCI) (correlation coefficient r = 0.76 – 0.80).
The effectiveness of sulfonylurea-based herbicides against dicotyledonous weed species on spring wheat crops in the Southern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Deryabin V.L. , Kekalo A.Yu. , Nemchenko V.V.
Published: May 2024

The effectiveness of chemical treatment differs significantly depending on the region and the types of weeds. In this regard, in the Kurgan region in 2018-2020, a comparative assessment of preparations based on sulfonylureas in spring wheat crops was carried out to identify the application features in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences -of the branch of the FSNSI UrFARC UrB RAS as part of the grain-fallow crop rotation. The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of sulfonylurea-based herbicides in spring wheat crops for the control of dicotyledonous perennial and young weed species. The main task was to determine the herbicide that most completely suppresses weed vegetation and has a positive effect on yield. According to the research results, a good effectiveness of weed control at the level of 74-76% was noted in preparations based on metsulfuronmethyl 10 g/ha, as well as in a mixture of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron methyl 12 g/ha. A 64-69% reduction in the mass of weeds was obtained using the tribenuron-methyl and florasulam 30 g/ha variant. The weakest control of weeds was detected in the variant with tribenuronmethyl 20 g/ha (biological efficiency 57%). The tested drugs provided yield increases of +19-24% to the control level.
In vitro evaluation of effect of new fungicides against yellow spot (pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of wheat
Authors: Astarkhanova T.S. , Behzad A. , Pakina E.N. , Bereznov A.V.
Published: May 2024

In response to the producers’ concerns about reducing the cause of wheat yield loss from the necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, which informed the purpose of this study, to investigate the effectiveness of fungicides in reducing the prevalence of yellow spot during artificial infection in the field conditions of the Republic of Dagestan and the Rostov region. The experimental design included: T1) Taxis, SC (240 g/l azoxystrobin + 160 g/l epoxiconazole) (0.5 l/ha); T2) Taxis, SK (0.6 l/ha); T3) Spirit, SC (240 g/l azoxystrobin + 160 g/l epoxiconazole) (standard) (0.6 l/ha); and T4) Control (without treatment). On control plots, the prevalence of yellow spots corresponded on average to 32.5% (Homer) and 37.2% (Grom) for winter wheat varieties and 32.6% (Malachite) as well 35.7% (Prokhorovka) for spring wheat varieties respectively. At the same time, the smallest disease prevalence was observed in the treated variants T1, T2, and T3, on average 2.6–6.5%. Furthermore, the effective protection of the leaf surface during the 2-fold treatment of wheat crops with fungicides led to an increase in yield in both study regions from 11 to 19%.