bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How did the Canterbury Earthquakes Affect Physiotherapists and Physiotherapy Services? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mulligan Hilda , Smith Catherine M. , Ferdinand Sandy
Published: July 2014

Background and purpose

The recent earthquakes in Canterbury New Zealand ended lives and resulted in disruption to many aspect of life for survivors, including physiotherapists. Physiotherapists often volunteer vital rehabilitation services in the wake of global disasters; however, little is known about how physiotherapists cope with disasters that affect their own communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the Canterbury earthquakes affected physiotherapists and physiotherapy services.

Methods

We use a General Inductive Approach to analyse data obtained from purposively sampled physiotherapists or physiotherapy managers in the Canterbury region. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Results

We analysed data from interviews with 27 female and six male participants. We identified four themes: ‘A life‐changing earthquake’ that described how both immediate and on‐going events led to our second theme ‘Uncertainty‘. Uncertainty eroded feelings of resilience, but this was tempered by our third theme ‘Giving and receiving support’. Throughout these three themes, we identified a further theme ‘Being a physiotherapist’. This theme explains how physiotherapists and physiotherapy services were and still are affected by the Canterbury earthquakes.

Discussion

We recommend that disaster planning occurs at individual, departmental, practice and professional levels. This planning will enable physiotherapists to better cope in the event of a disaster and would help to provide professional bodies with a cohesive set of skills that can be shared with health agencies and rescue organizations. We recommend that the apparently vital skill of listening is explored through further research in order for it to be better accepted as a core physiotherapy skill. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small molecule screening in context: Lipid‐catalyzed amyloid formation
Authors: Hebda James A. , Magzoub Mazin , Miranker Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) is a 37‐residue hormone cosecreted with insulin by the β‐cells of the pancreas. Amyloid fiber aggregation of IAPP has been correlated with the dysfunction and death of these cells in type II diabetics. The likely mechanisms by which IAPP gains toxic function include energy independent cell membrane penetration and induction of membrane depolarization. These processes have been correlated with solution biophysical observations of lipid bilayer catalyzed acceleration of amyloid formation. Although the relationship between amyloid formation and toxicity is poorly understood, the fact that conditions promoting one also favor the other suggests related membrane active structural states. Here, a novel high throughput screening protocol is described that capitalizes on this correlation to identify compounds that target membrane active species. Applied to a small library of 960 known bioactive compounds, we are able to report identification of 37 compounds of which 36 were not previously reported as active toward IAPP fiber formation. Several compounds tested in secondary cell viability assays also demonstrate cytoprotective effects. It is a general observation that peptide induced toxicity in several amyloid diseases (such as Alzhiemer's and Parkinson's) involves a membrane bound, preamyloid oligomeric species. Our data here suggest that a screening protocol based on lipid‐catalyzed assembly will find mechanistically informative small molecule hits in this subclass of amyloid diseases.
D7‐brane moduli space in axion monodromy and fluxbrane inflation
Authors: Arends M. , Hebecker A. , Heimpel K. , Kraus S. , Lüst D. , Mayrhofer C. , Schick C. , Weigand T.
Published: July 2014

We analyze the quantum‐corrected moduli space of D7‐brane position moduli with special emphasis on inflationary model building. D7‐brane deformation moduli are key players in two recently proposed inflationary scenarios: The first, D7‐brane chaotic inflation, is a variant of axion monodromy inflation which allows for an effective 4d supergravity description. The second, fluxbrane inflation, is a stringy version of D‐term hybrid inflation. Both proposals rely on the fact that D7‐brane coordinates enjoy a shift‐symmetric Kähler potential at large complex structure of the Calabi‐Yau threefold, making them naturally lighter than other fields. This shift symmetry is inherited from the mirror‐dual Type IIA Wilson line on a D6‐brane at large volume. The inflaton mass can be provided by a tree‐level term in the flux superpotential. It induces a monodromy and, if tuned to a sufficiently small value, can give rise to a large‐field model of inflation. Alternatively, by a sensible flux choice one can completely avoid a tree‐level mass term, in which case the inflaton potential is induced via loop corrections. The positive vacuum energy can then be provided by a D‐term, leading to a small‐field model of hybrid natural inflation. In the present paper, we continue to develop a detailed understanding of the D7‐brane moduli space focusing among others on shift‐symmetry‐preserving flux choices, flux‐induced superpotential in Type IIB/F‐theory language, and loop corrections. While the inflationary applications represent our main physics motivation, we expect that some of our findings will be useful for other phenomenological issues involving 7‐branes in Type IIB/F‐theory constructions.
Effect of perampanel, a novel AMPA antagonist, on benzodiazepine‐resistant status epilepticus in a lithium‐pilocarpine rat model
Authors: Hanada Takahisa , Ido Katsutoshi , Kosasa Takashi
Published: July 2014

This study assessed the efficacy of diazepam, and the alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists perampanel and GYKI52466 in a lithium‐pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) model. SE was induced in rats using lithium chloride, scopolamine methyl bromide, and pilocarpine. Diazepam 10, 20, or 40 mg kg−1, or perampanel 1, 2.5, 5, or 8 mg kg−1 were administered intravenously at 10 or 30 min after seizure onset, and GYKI52466 50 mg kg−1, or combinations of diazepam 2.5–5 mg kg−1 and perampanel 0.5–1 mg kg−1, were administered intravenously at 30 min after seizure onset. Diazepam 20 mg kg−1 terminated seizures (based on electroencephalography and assessment of behavioral seizures) in 2/6 rats at 10 min and 0/6 rats at 30 min (ED50: 10 min, 30 mg kg−1; 30 min, not determined). Perampanel 8 mg kg−1 terminated seizures in 6/6 rats at both 10 and 30 min (ED50: 10 min 1.7 mg kg−1; 30 min, 5.1 mg kg−1). GYKI52466 50 mg kg−1 terminated seizures in 2/4 rats at 30 min. Co‐administration of diazepam 5 mg kg−1 and perampanel 1 mg kg−1 terminated seizures in 9/9 rats at 30 min. In conclusion, perampanel and GYKI52466 provided efficacy in a lithium‐pilocarpine SE model at 30 min after seizure onset, when SE was refractory to diazepam, supporting the therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor antagonists for refractory SE. The perampanel dose required to terminate seizures was reduced by combination with diazepam, suggesting synergy.
Development of multifunctional metabolic synergists to suppress the evolution of resistance against pyrethroids in insects that blood feed on humans
Authors: Hardstone Melissa C , Strycharz Joseph P , Kim Junheon , Park Il‐Kwon , Yoon Kyong Sup , Ahn Young Joon , Harrington Laura C , Lee Si Hyeock , Clark J Marshall
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND

Pyrethroids are the insecticides of choice when exposure to humans is likely, such as occurs in vector and public‐health‐related control programs. Unfortunately, the pyrethroids share a common resistance mechanism with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), knockdown resistance (kdr), and prior extensive use of DDT has predisposed the pyrethroids to cross‐resistance via kdr. Given the widespread occurrence of kdr, the use of synergists with pyrethroids is considered to be prudent to guard against the selection of multiply resistant insects.

RESULTS

3‐Phenoxybenzyl hexanoate (PBH) was synthesized as a multifunctional pyrethroid synergist that, besides being a surrogate substrate for sequestration/hydrolytic carboxylesterases, now also functions as a substrate for oxidative xenobiotic metabolism. The addition of PBH to permethrin‐treated females of the ISOP450 strain of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus resulted in a threefold increase in synergism, as judged by the synergistic ratio. Similarly, PBH synergized the action of deltamethrin sixfold on females of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, and was 2.8‐fold more synergistic than piperonyl butoxide (PBO).

CONCLUSIONS

PBH synergized the action of both type I and type II pyrethroids in a mosquito vector (Cx. p. quinquefasciatus) and in a public‐health pest, C. lectularius, respectively, indicating a broad spectrum of action on blood‐feeding insects. PBH appears to have residual properties similar to permethrin and is itself non‐toxic, unlike PBO, and therefore should be compatible with existing pyrethroid formulations used for insecticide‐treated nets and home/residential sprays. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Density‐focused Support Vector Data Description Method
Authors: Phaladiganon Poovich , Kim Seoung Bum , Chen Victoria C. P.
Published: July 2014

In novelty detection, support vector data description (SVDD) is a one‐class classification technique that constructs a boundary to differentiate novel from normal patterns. However, boundaries constructed by SVDD do not consider the density of the data. Data points located in low density regions are more likely to be novel patterns because they are remote from their neighbors. This study presents a density‐focused SVDD (DFSVDD), for which its boundary considers both shape and the dense region of the data. Two distance measures, the kernel distance and the density distance, are combined to construct the DFSVDD boundary. The kernel distance can be obtained by solving a quadratic optimization, while support vectors are used to obtain the density distance. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed DFSVDD and was then compared with the traditional SVDD. The proposed method performed better than SVDD in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Maximum Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart for Monitoring Process Mean and Dispersion
Authors: Haq Abdul , Brown Jennifer , Moltchanova Elena
Published: July 2014

Maximum exponentially weighted moving average (MaxEWMA) control charts have attracted substantial interest because of their ability to simultaneously detect increases and decreases in both the process mean and the process variability. In this paper, we propose new MaxEWMA control charts based on ordered double ranked set sampling (ODRSS) and ordered imperfect double ranked set sampling (OIDRSS) schemes, named MaxEWMA‐ODRSS and MaxEWMA‐OIDRSS control charts, respectively. The proposed MaxEWMA control charts are based on the best linear unbiased estimators obtained under ODRSS and OIDRSS schemes. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the average run length and standard deviation of the run length of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts. The run length performances and the diagnostic abilities of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts are compared with that of their counterparts based on simple random sampling (SRS), ordered ranked set sampling (ORSS) and ordered imperfect ranked set sampling schemes (OIRSS) schemes, that is, MaxEWMA‐SRS, maximum generally weighted moving average (MaxGWMA‐SRS), MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts. It turns out that the proposed MaxEWMA‐ODRSS and MaxEWMA‐OIDRSS control charts perform uniformly better than the MaxEWMA‐SRS, MaxGWMA‐SRS, MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts in simultaneous detection of shifts in the process mean and variability. An application to real data is also provided to illustrate the implementations of the proposed and existing MaxEWMA control charts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational asthma from exposure to rye flour in a Japanese baker
Authors: Oshikata Chiyako , Tsurikisawa Naomi , Saito Akemi , Yasueda Hiroshi , Akiyama Kazuo
Published: July 2014

Three years after beginning employment at a bakery, a 32‐year‐old Japanese man began experiencing acute asthma exacerbations after exposure to rye flour. Antigen‐specific serum IgE antibodies were detected to the albumin and globulin, gliadin, prolamin, and glutenin protein fractions of rye flour purified from the crude antigen, but only to the albumin and globulin fraction of wheat flour. The histamine concentration producing one‐half maximal effect was lower for all four rye flour fractions than for the wheat flour fractions. After inhalation of the albumin and globulin fraction of rye flour, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec decreased to 77.7% of that pre‐provocation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of baker's asthma due to rye flour in Japan.
Real‐time Robust Six Degrees of Freedom Object Pose Estimation with a Time‐of‐flight Camera and a Color Camera
Authors: Sun Kaipeng , Heß Robin , Xu Zhihao , Schilling Klaus
Published: July 2014

We present an algorithm for estimating the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) pose for a rigid object of arbitrary shape, which can move fast in cluttered environments. The RGBD data input is obtained by fusing a time‐of‐flight (TOF) camera and a color camera. The proposed approach is composed of a coarse estimation stage for prealignment and an accurate estimation stage for refining the coarse pose. The most important contribution is the textured iterative closest point (ICP) in the accurate stage, where the Lukas‐Kanade method is incorporated into the point‐to‐plane ICP framework, by which geometrically symmetric objects can be handled. In addition, the pose estimation performance under motion artifacts that are common for a TOF sensor can be significantly improved. Another important contribution is the tailored sparse representation under an annealed particle filtering framework for effectively extracting the target from the background clutter and providing a coarse 6DOF pose. The entire algorithm is implemented with graphics processing unit acceleration and shows real‐time performance. The approach is verified on a variety of targets in both indoor and outdoor scenarios.
Towards efficient deployment of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Fouchal Hacène , Hunel Philippe , Ramassamy Cédric
Published: July 2014

Applications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are various and different. Many routing protocols have been proposed for WSNs since a decade. Medium access control protocols can differ from a network to another. The transmission range can also be variable from a sensor to another depending on their battery capacities. All these various protocols have an influence on the WSNs performance, in particular, the quality of service (QoS) they provide. It is worthy to choose the appropriate protocol for each specific situation in order to ensure a high security of the network. In this paper, we show that the type of application, the type of routing protocol, and the transmission range value have a real impact on WSN performance. Indeed, if we do not choose the right protocol in the right situation, the network could provide a low QoS in terms of lost packet rate and energy consumption. We have undertaken a set of experimentations in order to extract a road map that could be useful for any designer who intend to deploy a WSN with a high QoS degree. For the application layer, we have handled three types of applications: regular applications, applications requiring a high communication rate, and burst rate based applications. We have also considered different network sizes. For the routing layer, we have investigated the Ad hoc On‐demand Distance Vector, ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector routing, dynamic source routing, and Destination‐Sequenced Distance Vector protocols. Various transmission range values have been used. We have conducted many simulations through the NS‐2 simulator in order to analyze two relevant QoS indicators on WSNs: energy consumption and lost packet rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Hydrogenation Reactions at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Katano Satoshi , Kim Yousoo , Kawai Maki , Trenary Michael
Published: July 2014

Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions on metal surfaces are among the most important in heterogeneous catalysis. Such reactions can be observed and characterized at the single‐molecule level with low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (LT‐STM). A brief review of such studies is presented. A specific example, the hydrogenation of methyl isocyanide to methyl aminocarbyne on the Pt(111) surface, is described in detail. This reaction was first identified in a study with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, a technique that averages over monolayer quantities of molecules. The example illustrates the importance of characterization of surface reactions with complementary techniques in order to properly interpret the single‐molecule LT‐STM images. A second example of the complementary nature of LT‐STM and other surface characterization methods is the tip‐induced dehydrogenation on Pt(111) of acetonitrile, the more stable isomer of methyl isocyanide.
Hinokitiol induces autophagy in murine breast and colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Wei‐Kuang , Lin Song‐Tao , Chang Wen‐Wei , Liu Li‐Wen , Li Tom Yu‐Tung , Kuo Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Jeng‐Long , Lee Che‐Hsin
Published: July 2014

Hinokitiol is found in the heartwood of cupressaceous plants and possesses several biological activities. Hinokitiol may play an important role in anti‐inflammation and antioxidant processes, making it potentially useful in therapies for inflammatory‐mediated disease. Previously, the suppression of tumor growth by hinokitiol has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Programmed cell death can also occur through autophagy, but the mechanism of hinokitiol‐induced autophagy in tumor cells is poorly defined. We used an autophagy inhibitor (3‐methyladenine) to demonstrate that hinokitiol can induce cell death via an autophagic pathway. Further, we suggest that hinokitiol induces autophagy in a dose‐dependent manner. Markers of autophagy were increased after tumor cells were treated with hinokitiol. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that the levels of phosphoprotein kinase B (P‐AKT), phosphomammalian target of rapamycin (P‐mTOR), and phospho‐p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P‐p70S6K) in tumor cells were decreased after hinokitiol treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that hinokitiol induces the autophagic signaling pathway via downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, our findings show that hinokitiol may control tumor growth by inducing autophagic signaling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 77–84, 2016.
Where do computational mathematics and computational statistics converge?
Authors: Duffy Austen C.
Published: July 2014

This overview presents a discussion on several topics of importance shared by the fields of computational mathematics and computational statistics. A brief history of the advancements to the fields of mathematics and statistics leading to the modern computational era is provided, along with a discussion of the intersection of topics which comprise the two subjects. The foundational aspects shared by both computational mathematics and computational statistics are explored with elementary discussions suitable to nonexperts and aspiring students of the computational sciences. Finally, a discussion of the role played by computational mathematics and computational statistics in a few selected application areas is explored. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:341–351. doi: 10.1002/wics.1313

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Comparative epigenomics: defining and utilizing epigenomic variations across species, time‐course, and individuals
Authors: Xiao Shu , Cao Xiaoyi , Zhong Sheng
Published: July 2014

Epigenomic profiling, by revealing genome‐wide distributions of epigenetic modifications, generated a large amount of structural information about the chromosomes. Epigenomic analysis has quickly become a big data science, posing tremendous challenges on its translation into knowledge. To meet this challenge, comparative analysis of epigenomes, dubbed comparative epigenomics, has emerged as an active research area. Here, we summarize the recent developments in comparative epigenomic analyses into three major directions, namely the comparisons across species, the time‐course of a biological process, and individuals. We review the main ideas, methods, and findings in each direction, and discuss the implications to understanding the regulatory functions of the genomes. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:345–352. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1274

This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Evaluation of CT‐DEA performance on Ca/P ratio assessment in bone apatite using EDX
Authors: Hadjipanteli A. , Kourkoumelis N. , Speller R.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a new computed tomography‐dual energy analysis (CT‐DEA) technique developed for the non‐invasive assessment of the 3D spatial distribution of calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in bone. For this, the Ca/P ratio in 58 regions from four healthy and four inflammation‐mediated osteoporotic (IMO) rabbit bone collagen‐free samples were assessed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and CT‐DEA. Image registration, performed using NifTK software (Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London), allowed the comparison with the results from the two imaging systems.

A value of R2=0.69 in the fit of CT‐DEA Ca/P ratio versus EDX Ca/P ratio and a mean absolute/percentage difference of 0.11 ± 0.08/8 ± 6% in the CT‐DEA Ca/P ratio from the EDX results suggest sufficient confidence in the current experimental capabilities of the developed technique. The main difficulties in the comparison of the results using the two techniques and possible sources of error are discussed.

Even though there are still possible improvements that can be made in the developed technique, through this study, it has been shown that CT‐DEA can provide valuable 3D, non‐invasive information on the comparison between healthy and osteoporotic bone. © 2014 The Authors. X‐Ray Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of Organic Chromosphere Cations with Inorganic Lanthanide(III) Complex Counterions
Authors: Li Dandane , Sun Xianshun , Shao Nanqi , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng
Published: July 2014

Hybrid complexes based on a D‐π‐A type dye p‐aminostyryl‐pyridinum cation and a lanthanide(III) complex anion were synthesized by ionic exchange reaction. Different alkyl‐substituted amino groups were used as electron donors in organic dye cations. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis. In addition, the structural features of them were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Their optical properties were systematically investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Evaluating the physiological and behavioral response of a male and female gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) during an introduction
Authors: Jacobs Raechel M. , Ross Stephen R. , Wagner Katherine E. , Leahy Maureen , Meiers Susan T. , Santymire Rachel M.
Published: July 2014

Prolonged stress responses can lead to infertility and death; therefore monitoring respective indicators like stress‐related hormones and behaviors is an important tool in ensuring the health and well‐being among zoo‐housed animal populations. Changes in social structure, such as the introduction of a new conspecific, can be a source of stress. In April 2010, a sexually mature female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) was brought to Lincoln Park Zoo (LPZ; Chicago, IL) from the Chicago Zoological Park (Brookfield, IL) for a breeding recommendation from the Gorilla Species Survival Plan®. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) were monitored in two gorillas prior to, during and immediately following the social introduction. Reproduction events, such ovarian cyclicity and pregnancy, were monitored using behavior and fecal progestagen metabolite (FPM; female) and fecal androgen metabolite (FAM; male) analyses. Mean (± standard error) FGM concentrations for the male were elevated (P = 0.002) during the introduction (20.61 ± 0.83 ng/g) compared to the pre‐ and post‐introduction phases (11.31 ± 0.48 ng/g and 12.42 ± 0.65 ng/g, respectively). For the female, mean FGM concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) during the post‐introduction (17.91 ± 1.07 ng/g) than during the pre‐ and introduction phases (30.50 ± 3.42 and 27.38 ± 1.51 ng/g, respectively). The female maintained normal FPM cyclicity throughout the study and became pregnant in the post‐introduction phase. These results suggest the importance of both behavioral and physiological monitoring of zoo animals and demonstrate the potential stress that can occur during social introductions. Zoo Biol. 33:394–402, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Commercially available avian and mammalian whole prey diet items targeted for consumption by managed exotic and domestic pet felines: Macronutrient, mineral, and long‐chain fatty acid composition
Authors: Kerr Katherine R. , Kappen Kelly L. , Garner Lindsay M. , Swanson Kelly S.
Published: July 2014

Whole prey diets encourage species‐typical behaviors making them popular in the zoo and home setting for captive exotic and domestic felids, respectively. We evaluated macronutrient, mineral, and long‐chain fatty acid composition of 20 whole prey items: mice (1–2, 10–13, 21–25, 30–40, and 150–180 days of age); rats (1–4, 10–13, 21–25, 33–42, and >60 days of age); rabbits (still born, 30–45 days, >65 days with skin, and >65 days of age with skin removed); chicken (1–3 days of age, ground adult); duck (ground adult); and quail (1–3, 21–40, and >60 days of age). Composition of whole prey was highly variable (15–40% DM, 34–75% CP, 10–60% fat, and 8–18% ash). A majority of whole prey samples (15/20) had at least one mineral or fatty acid below AAFCO [] or NRC [] minimum recommended concentrations for domestic cats (K, Na, Cl, Mg, Cu, Mn, and/or Zn; total fat, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and/or EPA and DHA). These data identify potential nutrient deficiencies allowing for alterations in dietary formulation prior to long‐term feeding. Zoo Biol. 33:327–335, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Law, Society and Culture in the Maghrib, 1300–1500
Authors: Powers David S.
Published: July 2014

Focusing on the Maghrib in the period between 1300 and 1500, in this 2002 book David Powers analyses the application of Islamic law through the role of the mufti. To unravel the sophistication of the law, he considers six cases which took place in the Marinid period on subjects as diverse as paternity, fornication, water rights, family endowments, the slander of the Prophet and disinheritance. The source for these disputes are fatwas issued by the muftis, which the author uses to situate each case in its historical context and to interpret the principles of Islamic law. In so doing he demonstrates that, contrary to popular stereotypes, muftis were in fact dedicated to reasoned argument, and sensitive to the manner in which law, society and culture interacted. The book represents a groundbreaking approach to a complex field. It will be read by students of Islamic law and those interested in traditional Muslim societies.
Derivation and Integration
Authors: Pfeffer Washek F.
Published: July 2014

This 2001 book is devoted to an invariant multidimensional process of recovering a function from its derivative. It considers additive functions defined on the family of all bounded BV sets that are continuous with respect to a suitable topology. A typical example is the flux of a continuous vector field. A very general Gauss-Green theorem follows from the sufficient conditions for the derivability of the flux. Since the setting is invariant with respect to local lipeomorphisms, a standard argument extends the Gauss-Green theorem to the Stokes theorem on Lipschitz manifolds. In addition, the author proves the Stokes theorem for a class of top-dimensional normal currents - a first step towards solving a difficult open problem of derivation and integration in middle dimensions. The book contains complete and detailed proofs and will provide valuable information to research mathematicians and advanced graduate students interested in geometric integration and related areas.
Nonlinear Markov Processes and Kinetic Equations
Authors: Kolokoltsov Vassili N.
Published: July 2014

A nonlinear Markov evolution is a dynamical system generated by a measure-valued ordinary differential equation with the specific feature of preserving positivity. This feature distinguishes it from general vector-valued differential equations and yields a natural link with probability, both in interpreting results and in the tools of analysis. This brilliant book, the first devoted to the area, develops this interplay between probability and analysis. After systematically presenting both analytic and probabilistic techniques, the author uses probability to obtain deeper insight into nonlinear dynamics, and analysis to tackle difficult problems in the description of random and chaotic behavior. The book addresses the most fundamental questions in the theory of nonlinear Markov processes: existence, uniqueness, constructions, approximation schemes, regularity, law of large numbers and probabilistic interpretations. Its careful exposition makes the book accessible to researchers and graduate students in stochastic and functional analysis with applications to mathematical physics and systems biology.
Ritual, Belief and the Dead in Early Modern Britain and Ireland
Authors: Tarlow Sarah
Published: July 2014

Drawing on archaeological, historical, theological, scientific and folkloric sources, Sarah Tarlow's interdisciplinary study examines belief as it relates to the dead body in early modern Britain and Ireland. From the theological discussion of bodily resurrection to the folkloric use of body parts as remedies, and from the judicial punishment of the corpse to the ceremonial interment of the social elite, this book discusses how seemingly incompatible beliefs about the dead body existed in parallel through this tumultuous period. This study, which is the first to incorporate archaeological evidence of early modern death and burial from across Britain and Ireland, addresses new questions about the materiality of death: what the dead body means, and how its physical substance could be attributed with sentience and even agency. It provides a sophisticated original interpretive framework for the growing quantities of archaeological and historical evidence about mortuary beliefs and practices in early modernity.
Explaining the Performance of Human Resource Management
Authors: Fleetwood Steve , Hesketh Anthony
Published: July 2014

Human resource departments increasingly use the statistical analysis of performance indicators as a way of demonstrating their contribution to organizational performance. In this book, Steve Fleetwood and Anthony Hesketh take issue with this 'scientific' approach by arguing that its preoccupation with statistical analysis is misplaced because it fails to take account of the complexities of organizations and the full range of issues that influence individual performance. The book is split into three parts. Part I deconstructs research into the alleged link between people and business performance by showing that it cannot explain the associations it alleges. Part II attributes these shortcomings to the importation of spurious 'scientific' methods, before going on to suggest more appropriate methods that might be used in future. Finally, Part III explores how HR executives and professionals understand their work and shows how a critical realist stance adds value to this understanding through enhanced explanation.
Ideal MHD
Authors: Freidberg Jeffrey P.
Published: July 2014

Comprehensive, self-contained, and clearly written, this successor to Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics (1987) describes the macroscopic equilibrium and stability of high temperature plasmas - the basic fuel for the development of fusion power. Now fully updated, this book discusses the underlying physical assumptions for three basic MHD models: ideal, kinetic, and double-adiabatic MHD. Included are detailed analyses of MHD equilibrium and stability, with a particular focus on three key configurations at the cutting-edge of fusion research: the tokamak, stellarator, and reversed field pinch. Other new topics include continuum damping, MHD stability comparison theorems, neoclassical transport in stellarators, and how quasi-omnigeneity, quasi-symmetry, and quasi-isodynamic constraints impact the design of optimized stellarators. Including full derivations of almost every important result, in-depth physical explanations throughout, and a large number of problem sets to help master the material, this is an exceptional resource for graduate students and researchers in plasma and fusion physics.
What Makes Law
Authors: Murphy Liam
Published: July 2014

This book offers an advanced introduction to central questions in legal philosophy. What factors determine the content of the law in force? What makes a normative system a legal system? How does law beyond the state differ from domestic law? What kind of moral force does law have? The most important existing views are introduced, but the aim is not to survey the existing literature. Rather, this book introduces the subject by stepping back from the fray to sketch the big picture, to show just what is at stake in these old debates. Legal philosophy has become somewhat arid and inward looking. In part this is because the disagreement between the main camps on the important questions is apparently intractable. The main aim of the book is to suggest both a diagnosis and a proper practical response to this situation of intractable disagreement about questions that do matter.
The Innovative Entrepreneur
Authors: Spulber Daniel F.
Published: July 2014

Innovative entrepreneurs are the prime movers of the economy. The innovative entrepreneur helps to overcome two types of institutional friction. First, existing firms may not innovate efficiently due to incumbent inertia resulting from adjustment costs, diversification costs, the replacement effect, and imperfect adjustment of expectations. The innovative entrepreneur compensates for incumbent inertia by embodying innovations in new firms that compete with incumbents. Second, markets for inventions may not operate efficiently due to transaction costs, imperfect intellectual property protections, costs of transferring tacit knowledge, and imperfect information about discoveries. The innovative entrepreneur addresses inefficiencies in markets for inventions through own-use of discoveries and adoption of innovative ideas. The Innovative Entrepreneur presents an economic framework that addresses the motivation of the innovative entrepreneur, the innovative advantage of entrepreneurs versus incumbent firms, the effects of competitive pressures on incentives to innovate, the consequences of creative destruction, and the contributions of the innovative entrepreneur to the wealth of nations.
The Mamluk City in the Middle East
Authors: Luz Nimrod
Published: July 2014

The Mamluk City in the Middle East offers an interdisciplinary study of urban history, urban experience, and the nature of urbanism in the region under the rule of the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). The book focuses on three less-explored but politically significant cities in the Syrian region - Jerusalem, Safad (now in Israel), and Tripoli (now in Lebanon) - and presents a new approach and methodology for understanding historical cities. Drawing on diverse textual sources and intensive field surveys, Nimrod Luz reveals the character of the Mamluk city as well as various aspects of urbanism in the region, establishing the pre-modern city of the Middle East as a valid and useful lens through which to study various themes such as architecture, art history, history, and politics of the built environment. As part of this approach, Luz considers the processes by which Mamluk discourses of urbanism were conceptualized and then inscribed in the urban environment as concrete expressions of architectural design, spatial planning, and public memorialization.
Constitutionalism in Global Constitutionalisation
Authors: O'Donoghue Aoife
Published: July 2014

Constitutionalism offers a governance order a set of normative values including, amongst others, the rule of law, divisions of power and democratic legitimacy. These normative values regulate the relationship between constituent and constituted power holders. Such normative constitutional legal orders are commonplace in domestic systems but the global constitutionalisation debate seeks to identify a constitutional narrative beyond the state. This book considers the manner in which the global constitutionalisation debate has neglected constitutionalism within its proposals. It examines the role normative constitutionalism plays within a constitutionalisation process, and considers the use of community at both the domestic and global governance levels to identify the holders of constituent and constituted power within a constitutional order. In doing so this analysis offers an alternative narrative for global constitutionalisation based within normative constitutionalism.
Ireland and the Irish in InterwarEngland
Authors: Moulton Mo
Published: July 2014

To what extent did the Irish disappear from English politics, life and consciousness following the Anglo-Irish War? Mo Moulton offers a new perspective on this question through an analysis of the process by which Ireland and the Irish were redefined in English culture as a feature of personal life and civil society rather than a political threat. Considering the Irish as the first postcolonial minority, she argues that the Irish case demonstrates an English solution to the larger problem of the collapse of multi-ethnic empires in the twentieth century. Drawing on an array of new archival evidence, Moulton discusses the many varieties of Irishness present in England during the 1920s and 1930s, including working-class republicans, relocated southern loyalists, and Irish enthusiasts. The Irish connection was sometimes repressed, but it was never truly forgotten; this book recovers it in settings as diverse as literary societies, sabotage campaigns, drinking clubs, and demonstrations.
Coastal Wetlands of the World
Authors: Scott David B. , Frail-Gauthier Jennifer , Mudie Petra J.
Published: July 2014

Salt marshes and mangrove forests, the intertidal wetlands of the world's coastlines, provide key ecological services to all areas of the globe. This cutting-edge, richly illustrated book introduces the essential elements of coastal wetlands and their applications. The book opens by introducing coastal oceanography, the physical features of wetlands, their ecology, and human impacts upon them, giving all students the necessary background for wetlands studies. It then presents detailed case studies from around the world with extensive illustrations, supplying a wider, global-scale picture of wetlands geomorphology and biodiversity. The final chapters discuss some unique applications of coastal wetlands, including geological monitoring, uses in biotechnology and agriculture, and various experimental mesocosms. This is ideal as supplementary reading to support students on a wide range of earth and life science courses, from environmental science, ecology and palaeoecology to geomorphology and geography. It will also be a valuable interdisciplinary reference for researchers.
Beckett, Modernism and the Material Imagination
Authors: Connor Steven
Published: July 2014

Steven Connor, one of the most influential critics of twentieth-century literature and culture, has spent much of his career writing and thinking about Samuel Beckett. This book presents Connor's finest published work on Beckett alongside fresh essays that explore how Beckett has shaped major themes in modernism and twentieth-century literature. Through discussions of sport, nausea, slowness, flies, the radio switch, religion and academic life, Connor shows how Beckett's writing is characteristic of a distinctively mundane or worldly modernism, arguing that it is well-attuned to our current concern with the stressed relations between the human and natural worlds. Through Connor's analysis, Beckett's prose, poetry and dramatic works animate a modernism profoundly concerned with life, worldly existence and the idea of the world as such. Lucid, provocative, wide-ranging, and richly informed by critical and cultural theory, this book is required reading for anyone teaching or studying Beckett, modernism and twentieth-century literary studies.
SBAs for the Part 1 MRCOG
Authors: Sizer Andrew , Chapman Neil
Published: July 2014

This book provides advice, guidance and sample questions for the new question format introduced for the March 2012 Part 1 MRCOG examination: single best answer questions (SBAs). Essential reading for all Part 1 MRCOG candidates, the book offers key insights into the new style of paper, including:
• an introduction to SBAs and why they have been introduced
• a guide to how to approach and answer SBAs
• over 300 sample questions covering all domains and modules of the Part 1 curriculum
• two sample SBA examination papers.
Regression Analysis of Count Data
Authors: Cameron A. Colin , Trivedi Pravin K.
Published: July 2014

Students in both social and natural sciences often seek regression methods to explain the frequency of events, such as visits to a doctor, auto accidents, or new patents awarded. This book, now in its second edition, provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date account of models and methods to interpret such data. The authors combine theory and practice to make sophisticated methods of analysis accessible to researchers and practitioners working with widely different types of data and software in areas such as applied statistics, econometrics, marketing, operations research, actuarial studies, demography, biostatistics and quantitative social sciences. The new material includes new theoretical topics, an updated and expanded treatment of cross-section models, coverage of bootstrap-based and simulation-based inference, expanded treatment of time series, multivariate and panel data, expanded treatment of endogenous regressors, coverage of quantile count regression, and a new chapter on Bayesian methods.
A Concise History of the New Deal
Authors: Smith Jason Scott
Published: July 2014

During the 1930s, Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal carried out a program of dramatic reform to counter the unprecedented failures of the market economy exposed by the Great Depression. Contrary to the views of today's conservative critics, this book argues that New Dealers were not 'anticapitalist' in the ways in which they approached the problems confronting society. Rather, they were reformers who were deeply interested in fixing the problems of capitalism, if at times unsure of the best tools to use for the job. In undertaking their reforms, the New Dealers profoundly changed the United States in ways that still resonate today. Lively and engaging, this narrative history focuses on the impact of political and economic change on social and cultural relations.
Acts of Consciousness
Authors: Saunders Guy
Published: July 2014

Drawing on compelling material from research interviews with former hostages and political prisoners, Guy Saunders reworks three classic thought experiment stories: Parfit's 'Teleporter', Nagel's 'What is it like to be a bat?' and Jackson's 'Mary the colour scientist' to form a fresh look at the study of consciousness. By examining consciousness from a social psychology perspective, Saunders develops a 'cubist psychology of consciousness' through which he challenges the accepted wisdom of mainstream approaches by arguing that people can act freely. What makes 'cubist psychology' is both the many examples taken from different viewpoints and the multiple ways of looking at the key issues of person, mind and world. This is a unique and engaging book that will appeal to students and academics in the field of consciousness studies and other readers with an interest in consciousness.
Kernel Methods and Machine Learning
Authors: Kung S. Y.
Published: July 2014

Offering a fundamental basis in kernel-based learning theory, this book covers both statistical and algebraic principles. It provides over 30 major theorems for kernel-based supervised and unsupervised learning models. The first of the theorems establishes a condition, arguably necessary and sufficient, for the kernelization of learning models. In addition, several other theorems are devoted to proving mathematical equivalence between seemingly unrelated models. With over 25 closed-form and iterative algorithms, the book provides a step-by-step guide to algorithmic procedures and analysing which factors to consider in tackling a given problem, enabling readers to improve specifically designed learning algorithms, build models for new applications and develop efficient techniques suitable for green machine learning technologies. Numerous real-world examples and over 200 problems, several of which are Matlab-based simulation exercises, make this an essential resource for graduate students and professionals in computer science, electrical and biomedical engineering. Solutions to problems are provided online for instructors.
Why Life Speeds Up As You Get Older
Authors: Draaisma Douwe
Published: July 2014

Entertaining and educational, Douwe Draaisma's Why Life Speeds Up As You Get Older raises almost as many questions as it answers. Draaisma applies a blend of scholarship, poetic sensibility and keen observation in exploring the nature of autobiographical memory, covering subjects such as déjà-vu, near death experiences and the effect of severe trauma on memory recall, as well as human perceptions of time at different stages in life. A highly accessible and personal read, this book will not fail to touch or provoke thought in its readers.
The Works of Sir William Jones
Authors: Jones William
Published: July 2014

A renowned Enlightenment polymath, Sir William Jones (1746–94) was a lawyer, translator and poet who wrote authoritatively on politics, comparative linguistics and oriental literature. Known initially for his Persian translations and political radicalism, Jones became further celebrated for his study and translation of ancient Sanskrit texts following his appointment to the supreme court in Calcutta in 1783. He spent the next eleven years introducing Europe to the mysticism and rationality of Hinduism through works such as his nine 'Hymns' to Hindu deities and his translation of the Sanskrit classic Sacontalá, influencing Romantic writers from William Blake to August Wilhelm Schlegel. Volume 10 of his thirteen-volume works, published in 1807, contains Jones' important pre-India poetry and essays. These include his essays 'On the Arts, Commonly Called Imitative' and 'On the Poetry of the Eastern Nations' (1772), which anticipate Romantic themes of the sublime, as well as his Alcaic 'Odes', which establish Jones' radical political identity.