bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental security and national identity: ways of interaction, problems and solutions
Authors:   North-Western Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kovalev Andrey A.
Published: December 2024

In the 21st century, the importance of ensur-ing mental security and protecting national identity in the context of addressing national security issues is increasing. This trend is ex-plained by a number of factors, including the predominance of the humanistic paradigm, changes in the principles and methods of war-fare (in the broad sense of the word) with predominant hybridization, globalization risks, etc. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the mutual influence of men-tal security and national identity and ways to overcome the problems associated with their protection from threats. The first part of the article is devoted to the definition of the cat-egories under study – “mental security” and “national identity” – and the analysis of ways of their interaction and mutual influence. The categories under consideration are shown as parties to a single process, the goals of which are the well–being of the state and society, as well as the protection of national interests. The second part of the article examines the problems that may arise in connection with ensuring mental security and protecting na-tional identity, and also suggests some ways to solve them. The research is based on a cul-turological approach. Based on it, the author analyzes the basic elements of the concepts under study (interests, attitudes, ideals, etc.). The paper notes that crises are inevitable in any society and state, their successful passage depends on optimal approaches to ensuring security. Speaking about mental security, it is important to emphasize that it is able to pre-serve national identity, while a stable national identity strengthens mental security as an in-tegral part of the national security of the state as a whole.
Modern newspeak as a connecting element between online and offline communications
Authors:   Branch of the Russian State Pedagogical University in Nizhny Tagil, Oleshkova Anna M.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the concept of modern newspeak in the context of social and political philosophy. In the first part of the article, the author establishes a link between online and offline communication, denotes the differ-ence between the concepts of “offline” and “online”, and reveals the distinctive and common features of classical and modern newspeak. The author describes different ap-proaches to the definition of newspeak and gives examples based on different institution-al discourses. The author concludes that the new language of the XXI century is a synthesis of network and ideological language. The sec-ond part of the article focuses on revealing concepts that allow reflecting on newspeak within the framework of critical tradition, constructionism, postmodernism and cogni-tive approach. The author adapts the ideas of T. Adorno, M. Foucault, J. Deleuze, F. Guattari, J. Baudrillard, R. Vodak, S. Zizek, T. Lukman, P. Berger, and J. Lakoff to the topic. She makes a conclusion about the complex nature of the newspeak, which makes it possible to actual-ize the connection between language and ideology, language and identity. While retain-ing the signs of a subcultural phenomenon, newspeak, through quasi-political content, expands the scope of application by a “speak-ing subject” and can be an integral part of any topic. The author notes that the spread of newspeak beyond the Network space allows us to consider newspeak an important marker and indicator of social transformations. The inclusion of hostility, obscene vocabulary, lan-guage games, binary oppositions, and various institutional discourses in the newspeak makes it possible to talk about the sensitivity for the “speaking subject” of topics articulat-ed through the newspeak. Modern newspeak functions at the official and unofficial levels; it not only constructs and interprets the mod-ern socio-cultural space, but also places ac-cents in historical discourse, combining histor-ical and political.
Godforsakeness in the age of the world picture: interpreting ideas of M. Heidegger
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University, Shatalov-Davydov Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the problem of godfor-sakenness (Gottesverlassenheit) in the philos-ophy of M. Heidegger. The author shows how Heidegger criticises the process of alienation from being, which takes place in New Europe-an culture under the influence of science, machine technology, artwork and religious experience. This paper examines the latter aspect, which Heidegger refers to as godfor-sakenness. Godforsakenness for Heidegger means not only secularisation and atheism, but also the transfer of the divine from the immanent to the transcendent, which occurs already at the stage of the emergence of Christianity. This leads to the loss of direct contact with the being. The author examines the foundations of the phenomenon of god-forsakenness through the concept of freedom and the sovereignty.
In the course of the study, the author reveals the connection of the concept of godforsak-enness with the second fourfould of Heidegger and the concept of Ge-stell, the production where there is a forgetting of Lichtung and, consequently, the loss of mani-festation and truth happen. In the production the freedom is lost: to occur means to be produced, to be produced refers to the pro-cess of production, which is also produced, so spontaneity, selfhood is lost. Thus, analytics of godforsakeness is integrated in Heidegger’s meditations about machination.
Mythos der Maschine?
Authors: Heiland Heiner , Schütt Mariana , Sieron Sandra , Syrovatka Felix
Published: December 2024

»Künstliche Intelligenz« (KI) ist allgegenwärtig. KI dominiert alle Debatten, der Einsatz von KI wird in nahezu allen Bereichen diskutiert. KI wird dabei als neue technische »Revolution« begriffen, als »Heilsbringer«, und soll die Arbeitswelt umkrempeln. Tatsächlich verbirgt sich hinter diesem Hype vor allem eine Mythologisierung der Technik. Ebenso dient KI der Machtkonzentration bei den großen Tech-Konzernen und ist für die neue geopolitische Situation relevant. Die negativen gesellschaftlichen und klimatischen Konsequenzen geraten sowohl hinter den Heilsversprechen als auch hinter den apokalyptischen Szenarien aus dem Blick.
Neural Networks Use Distance Metrics
Authors: Oursland Alan
Published: December 2024

We present empirical evidence that neural networks with ReLU and Absolute Value activations learn distance-based representations. We independently manipulate both distance and intensity properties of internal activations in trained models, finding that both architectures are highly sensitive to small distance-based perturbations while maintaining robust performance under large intensity-based perturbations. These findings challenge the prevailing intensity-based interpretation of neural network activations and offer new insights into their learning and decision-making processes.
Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis with Autopsy Findings in Fatal Traffic Accident Cases
Authors: Patra Dr Ambika Prasad , R. Kagne Rajeswari , Chaudhari Vinod , N. Balamurugan , Mathew Deepu
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the alignment between clinical and radiological assessments and autopsy findings in fatal road traffic accidents (RTAs), focusing on the identification of missed injuries and diagnostic discrepancies. Conducted at a tertiary care centre in India, this study examined 146 cases of RTA fatalities over a two-year period. Clinicoradiological diagnoses were compared with autopsy findings across various injury types, including head, thoracic, abdominal, and limb injuries. Autopsy findings revealed a higher incidence of certain injuries, such as cervical spine injuries, cerebral contusions, and small haemorrhages, which were often missed during the initial clinical and radiological evaluations. Injury agreement was statistically evaluated using kappa statistics, revealing a moderate to slight correlation in most cases, with specific areas of notable discordance. In 21.9% of the cases, the cause of death determined clinically differed from autopsy findings, underscoring the critical role of autopsy in refining trauma assessment protocols and improving diagnostic accuracy. These findings highlight the value of autopsy feedback for emergency trauma care and suggest a need for advanced diagnostic techniques to reduce missed injuries in polytrauma cases.
Territorial aspects of the development of organic agriculture in the region
Authors: Nikonova Natal'ya , Dibirova Kh. , Nikonov Aleksey
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the peculiarities of the territorial distribution of agricultural producers and the impact of their location on the development of regional organic agriculture in the future. The information base was the results of a questionnaire survey of 100 agricultural producers of the Leningrad region, representing mainly peasant (farming) farms in the region. To assess the impact of the territorial factor on the possibilities of developing organic production, 4 groups of respondents were identified, depending on the remoteness of the farm from the regional center – Saint Petersburg, as well as district centers. Results. Based on the analysis of the typological characteristics of the respondents and their answers, it was concluded that the participants of the first group (up to 50 km from Saint Petersburg) and at the distance of the farm from the regional center from 101 to 200 km show greater interest in organic production. This confirms the thesis that the territorial factor increases the risks of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture. However, there was no close dependence of farmers' motivation on the location of farms. The multidirectional influence of territorial remoteness on interest in organic production has been established, which is associated with a complex of stimulating or limiting factors. It was determined that in each of the groups of respondents (except the first) there is a large proportion (from 20 to 40 %) of people who found it difficult to answer about their intention to switch to organic status, which allows them to be considered possible participants in this sector in the future, if there are more comfortable conditions of activity. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the influence of the territorial factor on the interest of small businesses in the transition to organic production, which will allow them to be taken into account when implementing appropriate regional programs to mitigate existing barriers to entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector.
Economic Benefits of Green Technologies: Ukrainian Experience
Authors: Yarova Nina , Lipych Liubov , Gutsul Tetiana , Zhurba Oleksandr , Novytskyi Vladyslav
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the economic benefits of implementing green technologies in Ukraine, focusing on their contribution to sustainable development, energy efficiency, and economic growth. The research aims to identify how renewable energy projects and energy-efficient technologies can enhance Ukraine’s energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and foster innovation-driven economic modernization. A multi-method approach was employed, combining a systematic literature review, statistical data analysis, and a comparative evaluation of solar and wind energy projects. The study draws on secondary data from governmental and international agencies, spanning the period 2014-2023, and utilizes descriptive statistics to assess trends in job creation, investment, and reductions in natural gas imports. The results indicate significant progress in solar and wind energy development, with total installed capacities reaching 7.6 GW and 2.4 GW respectively by 2023. Employment in green sectors exceeded 50.000 jobs, with solar energy accounting for 40% of this workforce. Investments in green technologies totaled approximately €12 billion between 2014 and 2022, stimulating economic growth and reducing Ukraine’s natural gas imports by 15%. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including financial barriers, regulatory instability, and outdated infrastructure. However, the study highlights opportunities for further progress through policy reforms, infrastructure modernization, and international cooperation. The research concludes that green technologies are essential for Ukraine’s transition to a sustainable economy, offering both environmental preservation and economic growth potential. These findings underscore the need for policy consistency, expanded financing options, and increased public awareness to maximize the economic benefits of green technologies in Ukraine. By leveraging these innovations, Ukraine can enhance its energy independence, competitiveness, and resilience in the global market.
A Comprehensive Web Based Platform for Phishing Message Detection
Authors: Hamed Albishri Suhaib Abdullah , Fadhl Alkhaziri Tasnim Hamed , AlYahmadi Malath Salim Khalfan , Bagrudeen Dr. Bazeer Ahmed
Published: December 2024

The persistent threat of phishing attacks looms large over the digital sphere, posing indiscriminate risks to users and organizations alike, leading to substantial financial losses and data breaches. In response to this growing menace, this paper introduces an innovative web platform engineered specifically to combat the escalating sophistication of phishing messages. At the heart of its design lies the fusion of advanced machine learning algorithms, natural language processing techniques, and behavioural analysis, facilitating the real-time identification and mitigation of phishing attempts. Distinguishing itself from prior solutions, our platform embraces a multifaceted strategy, amalgamating URL analysis, email content scrutiny, and user behaviour tracking to pinpoint malicious messages accurately, thereby fortifying cybersecurity resilience. Through meticulous testing and validation, our platform demonstrates exceptional effectiveness in thwarting phishing assaults, surpassing prevailing methodologies by a significant margin. Featuring an intuitive user interface, the platform equips both individuals and enterprises with the tools to swiftly assess the legitimacy of incoming communications, thereby reducing susceptibility to phishing scams. Our methodology represents a notable departure from traditional approaches, presenting a comprehensive solution adept at countering the evolving tactics employed by cyber adversaries. In sum, this web platform emerges as a pivotal advancement in the battle against phishing threats, fortifying cybersecurity defences in an increasingly precarious online environment.
РОСІЙСЬКА ДЕЗІНФОРМАЦІЯ ЯК ВИКЛИК ДЛЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ
Authors: ПАХНІН М.Л.
Published: December 2024

У статті наголошено на тому, що в українських реаліях дана проблема набуває особливого значення з огляду на те, що саме інформаційна сфера стає ареною найзапекліших протистоянь демократичного світу з російським агресором, який протягом всієї своєї історії намагався спотворювати, викривляти, знищувати найвидатніші надбання та пам’ятки вітчизняної історії та культури. Зазначено, що дезінформація виступає принципово важливим викликом для української державності, а також вітчизняної кримінології з огляду на те, що дезінформація та пропаганда використовуються державою-агресором для виправдання вчинення воєнних злочинів на території України, формування ідейно-світоглядного підґрунтя для вчинення таких злочинів, а також поширення викривлених суспільно-моральних переконань, що спонукають окремих громадян України до колабораціонізму. Ці дії держави-агресора спрямовані на нівелювання вітчизняних інститутів соціальної пам’яті, фальсифікацію національної пам’яті, знищення української політичної нації, поступове «вимішування» національної ідентичності. Наголошено, що держава-агресор намагається всіма силами та наявними засобами знищувати інтелектуальний потенціал української нації, атакуючи музеї, культурні пам’ятки та заклади вищої освіти. Позбавлене інтелектуального, ідейно-культурного, творчого підґрунтя населення стає максимально відкритим для впливу інформаційно-психологічних операцій та дезінформації. Саме глибокі знання, багатогранність мислення є основою медіаграмотності. Адже стратегії дезінформації, що насичують політико-правовий простір держави-агресора, прагнуть максимального спрощення багатоплановості життя. Стверджується, що особливої важливості в таких умовах набувають соціальні ініціативи, наукові проєкти, спрямовані на підвищення медіаграмотності населення, а також об’єднання провідних науковців, політиків, громадських, творчих діячів навколо спільного осмислення проблем у даній сфері та генерації ідей, спрямованих на пошук шляхів їх вирішення, зокрема ініціатива «Зраду скасовано».
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Багмет В.С.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the problems and opportunities of implementing sustainable development in the context of Industry 4.0. It analyzes the difficulties associated with outdated technologies and the challenges of developing resilience strategies. The types of innovations in this field, their advantages, and disadvantages are described. A comparative analysis of the world and Ukrainian experience in implementing sustainable development in companies such as Danone, Nestlé, Unilever, Beyond Meat, Impossible Foods, BrewDog, LLC «Organic Milk», LLC SP «Nibulon», PJSC «Ternopil Dairy Plant» (Molokia), LLC «Ukrprodukt Group», PJSC «Kyiv Confectionery Factory «Roshen», PJSC «Chumak», PJSC «Оbolon is conducted. Strategies for successful implementation of sustainable development in the conditions of Industry 4.0 are proposed. The research results emphasize the need for an innovative approach to sustainable development and key principles for achieving success in this field.
РОЛЬ ОПЕРАЦІЙНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ РОЗВИТКУ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА
Authors: Присяжнюк О.Ф. , Плотнікова М.Ф.
Published: December 2024

Операційна стратегія, як невід’ємна складова загальної стратегії підприємства, відіграє ключову роль у забезпеченні успішного розвитку інноваційного підприємництва. Вона визначає як організація буде використовувати свої ресурси для створення та доставки інноваційних продуктів і послуг на ринок. Інноваційне підприємництво передбачає постійний пошук нових ідей, технологій та бізнес-моделей. Для успішної реалізації інноваційних проєктів необхідна ефективна операційна діяльність. Інновації часто вимагають відхилення від стандартних процедур. Висока якість продукції є одним з ключових факторів успіху на ринку. Операційна стратегія забезпечує гнучкість, ефективність, якість, швидкість співпраці. Гнучка операційна система дозволяє швидко адаптуватися до змін і впроваджувати нові ідеї. Оптимізація виробничих процесів, логістики та управління запасами дозволяє знизити витрати і збільшити прибутковість інноваційних продуктів, а орієнтація на забезпечення стабільної якості та відповідності продукції вимогам споживачів, швидкість виведення інноваційних продуктів на ринок є критично важливою для отримання конкурентної переваги, зокрема через можливість скоротити час розробки та виведення продукту на ринок. Виникнення інновацій в результаті співпраці різних підрозділів підприємства сприяє підвищенню ефективності функціонування йго стратегічних механізмів. Ключові елементи операційної стратегії для інноваційних підприємств базуються на таких елементах як фукусування на клієнті, гнучкість виробничих систем, системне управління якістю, інноваційна культура та партнерств. Саме тому операційна стратегія є потужним інструментом забезпечення розвитку інноваційного підприємництва, зокрема, коли орієнтована на довготривалий успіх.
Xây dựng và thẩm định bộ câu hỏi khảo sát kiến thức cho điều dưỡng về nhóm thuốc nguy cơ cao
Authors: Nguyễn Hà Quỳnh Anh , Nguyễn Lê Thùy Dung , Phạm Thị Lệ Cẩm , Đoàn Thị Ngần , Nguyễn Thị Tiến , Bùi Thị Hương Quỳnh
Published: December 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Thuốc nguy cơ cao (NCC) có thể gây ra hậu quả nghiêm trọng nếu xảy ra sai sót, do đó điều dưỡng cần nắm vững kiến thức về nhóm thuốc này để đảm bảo an toàn cho người bệnh.

Mục tiêu: Xây dựng và thẩm định bộ câu hỏi khảo sát kiến thức về thuốc NCC cho điều dưỡng HA-MED (High-alert medication questionnaire).

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Bộ câu hỏi được phát triển dựa trên các tài liệu y văn tham khảo. Giá trị nội dung được thẩm định bởi hội đồng chuyên gia, từ đó tính được hệ số giá trị nội dung thang đo (S-CVI/Ave). Độ tin cậy nội tại được đánh giá thông qua hệ số Cronbach’s alpha từ khảo sát thử nghiệm. Giá trị cấu trúc được xác định bằng cách so sánh sự khác biệt về điểm số kiến thức giữa các nhóm điều dưỡng có trình độ học vấn khác nhau.

Kết quả: Bộ câu hỏi gồm 3 phần với 17 câu trắc nghiệm, đạt S-CVI/Ave là 1, Cronbach’s alpha = 0,709 và có sự khác biệt điểm số giữa hai nhóm điều dưỡng có trình độ học vấn khác nhau: điểm số trung vị của điều dưỡng trình độ đại học là 73,5 (54,4 - 82,4) và cao đẳng là 55,9 (47,1 - 72,1) với p = 0,035.

Kết luận: Bộ câu hỏi đạt yêu cầu về giá trị nội dung, độ tin cậy nội tại và giá trị cấu trúc, có thể sử dụng để khảo sát kiến thức điều dưỡng về thuốc NCC.

Từ khoá: thuốc nguy cơ cao, kiến thức điều dưỡng, HA-MED
Reflexiones sobre la inteligencia artificial aplicada a la administración de justicia
Authors: Botero Andrés , Gamboa Sonia , Valdivieso Kevin
Published: December 2024

Este escrito hace reflexiones generales sobre qué es y cómo funciona la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), así como su utilidad para el campo jurídico (IA-D) y el judicial (IA-J). Además, indica que ante la IA-J hay miedos alimentados por la ignorancia; sin embargo, es una tecnología imparable que ya está en operación, aunque, por el momento, de forma limitada. Resulta que muchos sistemas de IA-J ya están en condiciones de sentenciar casos, pero, hasta el momento, el uso que se les da es fundamentalmente de auxiliadores de los operadores judiciales, cosa que seguramente cambiará a corto plazo dado las ventajas que la IA reporta (en especial, porque incrementa la seguridad y la certeza jurídicas, que tanto se han perdido en las últimas décadas, y  porque sería una potente herramienta en la lucha contra la corrupción de alto nivel y la delincuencia organizada), por un lado, y una vez las personas conozcan más de su forma de actuar, por otro. Esto no impide que se ejerza un pensamiento tecnológico crítico que alimente una regulación necesaria de la IA, la IA-D y la IA-J, regulación que, en épocas de globalización, debe ser más mundial que nacional.
Notice of suspicion: procedural significance and influence on the methodology of pre-trial investigation
Authors: Volobuyev Anatoly
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of the notification of suspicion as an intermediate procedural decision; the possibility of its appeal by the defense; the impact of the notification of suspicion on the methodology of the pre-trial investigation. Methodology. In order to achieve the specified goal, an analysis of national criminal procedural legislation, court practice and scientific publications on the problematic issues of the notification of suspicion and the possibility of appealing it was carried out. Methods. The methods of dialectical, historical, comparative legal, etymological and semantic scientific research were used. Methods of logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction) were also used to determine common features and differences between the legal institutions of reporting suspicion and bringing charges, as well as investigative situations. Findings. The conclusions are formulated that the notification of suspicion is an intermediate procedural decision that significantly affects the procedure and methodology of the pre-trial investigation. The notification of suspicion is a legal procedural form of the investigation version, which is subject to verification with the participation of the suspect. The participation of the suspect in verifying this version is a necessary condition for the completeness of the investigation, the realization of his rights and legitimate interests during the pre-trial investigation. After the notification of suspicion is served, its content may subsequently change repeatedly or be replaced by a new suspicion. Therefore, after the expiration of the pre-trial investigation period, there is no point in challenging the initial content of the notification of suspicion on the basis of doubts about the sufficiency of the evidence for this. The object of the appeal (objection) should be only the indictment, which is a final procedural document and is submitted to the court. Originality. For the first time, the essence of a report of suspicion is determined in comparison with the presentation of charges and its impact on the methodology of the pre-trial investigation. Additional arguments are presented regarding the lack of meaning in appealing the initial report of suspicion. Practical significance. The formulated theoretical provisions and practical recommendations are aimed at improving the current criminal procedural legislation, the procedure for drawing up a report of suspicion, and taking into account investigative situations that arise after the interrogation of the suspect.
Legal mentality and causes of corruption in Ukraine
Authors: Dovhanych Vasyl
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal mentality of Ukrainian society as an important factor influencing the formation and spread of corruption, to identify its root causes, and to develop recommendations for overcoming this phenomenon through changes in legal consciousness and culture. Methods. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that includes legal analysis and historical method to study the development of legal mentality and its impact on corruption. The methods of comparative analysis and expert survey are used to establish cause and effect relationships. Results. It is established that corruption in Ukraine remains one of the key obstacles to democratization, the rule of law and economic development. The analysis of the problem shows that the main factors of its spread are the historically formed legal mentality that tolerates violations of the law, low level of trust in state institutions and weak legal culture. This situation is complicated by the centuries-long influence of different legal systems that have entrenched the duality of legal consciousness – formal recognition of laws and the practical use of informal mechanisms. The effective fight against corruption is possible only through a systematic approach aimed at transforming the legal mentality of Ukrainians. This includes the introduction of ethics and integrity education programs, digitalization of public services to minimize the human factor, large-scale information campaigns to build public condemnation of corruption and ensure the inevitability of punishment for crimes. Particular attention should be paid to harmonizing legal norms with social values and their effective implementation. Originality. The author identifies the impact of legal mentality on the spread of corruption in Ukraine as one of the key obstacles to democratization and European integration. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further legal research and preparation of special courses.
Historical aspect of the european understanding of the rule of law
Authors: Kelbya Stella
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The article analyzes potential ways to improve Ukraine’s legal system using European standards and practices. The study analyzes the history of the rule of law in Europe, compares legal systems, studies legal reforms in Ukraine, analyzes statistical data, and identifies the main problems of the Ukrainian legal system. It was determined that although Ukraine has taken significant steps to prevent corruption since independence, the country’s legal system still requires significant changes.It is also found that the current state of the European rule of law shows mixed trends. In addition, leading European countries not only demonstrate successful models of the rule of law, but also actively support Ukraine in implementing such standards through various technical assistance programs and expert advice. Methodology. In order to achieve the set goal, a comprehensive analysis of the available information regarding the analyzed problem was carried out and conclusions and proposals were formed on their basis. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: dialectical, systemic-structural, terminological, systemic-functional, historical, normativedogmatic, generalization method. Originality. As a result of the research, it was found that the concept of the rule of law creates a platform, a basis for uniting all branches of law, especially given that different branches of our law are developed separately. The constitutional enshrinement of the rule of law and the rule of law principle determine the scope of activities of all branches of government and the methods of their operation. The state should not go beyond the boundaries of the legal field, crossing which the rule of law turns into its antithesis. The state cannot use methods in its activities that contradict the principles of the rule of law and the rule of law. Scientific novelty. The author establishes that the principle of the rule of law is, in fact, the only effective means of ensuring the inviolability of democracy, as well as one of its main features, and its enforcement and control is a guarantee of human rights to the extent that decent living conditions are created for each person. Practical significance. The analysis proves that the mere formation of a perfect system of legislation that enshrines fundamental human rights and freedoms and defines an effective legislative procedure is not enough to build a democratic society in our country. We need not only to enshrine the principle of the rule of law in the Constitution, but also to implement it in our daily activities.
Separate aspects of the impact of the russo-ukrainian war on positive legal understanding in Ukraine
Authors: Lemekha Roman
Published: December 2024

Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze certain aspects of the impact of Russia’s war against Ukraine on positive legal understanding in Ukraine and to identify the main trends of this influence. Methodology. The methods used in this research include analysis, comparison, and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material, as well as the author’s own observations, based on which comprehensive conclusions and recommendations are provided regarding the resolution of the identified issues. Results. An analysis of the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the understanding of positive law is conducted, using the examples of the right to life and the right to freedom of movement. Through comparison, certain differences between the understanding of natural and positive law are identified. The reasons for the transformation in the understanding of certain rights (the right to life and the right to freedom of movement) caused by the war and the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine are substantiated. Scientific novelty. Specific trends (directions) in the impact of Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine on legal understanding from a positivist perspective are identified. Practical significance. The analysis of the war’s impact on the understanding of positive law norms in Ukraine can be used in law-making and law enforcement activities by government bodies in Ukraine, as well as in teaching certain academic disciplines within the “Law” specialty.
Analysis of Dynamic Balance during Gait Initiation in Young Adults with Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors:   Resident Doctor in Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ventura Bariani João Gabriel , da Silva Joyce Matias , Alves Melo Victoria , Barros Silveira Jailson , Araújo Rodrigues Káren , Silva Pereira Mário Augusto ,   Resident Doctor in Orthopedics and Traumatology HUGO – Goiânia Emergency Hospital, Goiânia – GO, Brazil
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture causes instability and impacts gait biomechanics, necessitating
neuromuscular adaptations. The initial phase of gait is critical for stability and fall prevention, influenced by postural control
and motor coordination.
Objective: To analyze the behavior of the center of pressure (CoP) and neuromuscular adaptations during gait initiation in
adults with a complete ACL rupture.
Methodology: Twenty adults with a complete ACL rupture were evaluated. The CoP trajectory was divided into three phases
of gait initiation: anticipatory, first step execution, and second step execution. The amplitude and displacement velocity of the
CoP in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were calculated.
Results: There was a significant decrease in CoP displacements in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions throughout
the gait phases, indicating progressive stabilization of movement.
Conclusion: Individuals with a complete ACL rupture exhibit adaptations in dynamic balance control during gait initiation,
aiming for greater stability.
ERMENİ SÖZLÜ EDEBİYATINDA İLK DÖNEM MİTOLOJİK ANLATILAR
Authors: Eryılmaz Doğanay
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın hedefinde Ermeni sözlü edebiyatında mitolojik anlatıların karakteristik özelliklerinin ortaya konması ve bu anlatıları ilk defa 5. yüzyılda yazıya aktaran Movses Khorenatsi’nin Ermeni tarihini yazarken nereden kaynak aldığının belirlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda incelenen sözlü edebiyat ürünleri, Khorenatsi’nin “Ermeni Tarihi” adlı kitabında yer alan “Hayk ve Bel”, “Aram Efsanesi” ve “Güzel Ara ve Şamiram” adlı, tarihsel olarak Urartu döneminde ortaya çıktığı tahmin edilen mitolojik anlatılardır. Örneklemin bu üç anlatıyla sınırla tutulma sebebi, Movses Khorenatsi’nin sözlü edebiyat için pek çok türde şarkı ve masal olduğundan bahsetmesine rağmen, kitabını yazarken amacının Ermenilerin kökeni ile ilgili bilgi vermek olması nedeniyle yalnızca, bu amaç doğrultusunda malzeme bulabildiği mitolojik anlatıları aktarmış olmasıdır.
Bu anlatılardan “Hayk ve Bel” iki devin savaşını konu almaktadır. Hayk, anlatıda Ermenileri zalim Bel’in boyunduruğundan kurtaran, Ermenilerin özgürlük, yiğitlik, güzellik ve asalete yönelik özlemlerini somutlaştıran ve sonuç olarak Ermeni halkına kendi dilinde adını veren (Հայ/Hay) atası/kahramanı olarak anlatılır ve tarihsel bağlamda Urartularla Asur-Babil arasında geçen mücadelelerden kaynak alır. “Aram Efsanesi” ise yine Ermenilere, bu kez diğer dillerde adını veren başka bir ata/kahraman olarak Aram’ın savaşlarından bahseder ve tarihsel kökeni yine Urartuların çevresindeki diğer devletlerle çatışmalarıdır.
“Güzel Ara ve Şamiram” ise Aram’ın oğlu Ara’nın Asur Kraliçesi Şamiram’la (Sammuramat/Semiramis) olan savaşını konu alır ve anlatı Ara’nın ölümünden sonra Asur Kraliçesi üzerinden ilerler.
Tüm bu anlatılarda dikkat çeken nokta, hepsinin Urartu Krallığı döneminden kaynak almış olmasıdır. Anadolu’nun birçok yerinde ve Mezopotamya’da da bu anlatıların benzerlerini bulmak mümkündür. Dolayısıyla bu anlatıların tamamen tek bir halk topluluğuna mal edilmesi doğru olmayacaktır. Ancak genellikle Ermenilerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı bölgelerde anlatıldığı için bu anlatılar zamanla Ermeniler tarafından benimsenmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, çok kültürlü bir coğrafyada yeşeren bu mitolojik anlatılar, kimi zaman Mezopotamya’dan, kimi zaman Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinden unsurlar almıştır. Yine bu coğrafyada yaşayan ve Ermenice konuşan halk tarafından nesilden nesile aktarılan bu anlatılar, oluşum süreci içerisinde Ermenilere has özelliklerle yoğrularak günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır.
ÇANKIRI ÇORAKYERLER FOSİL LOKALİTESİNİN COĞRAFİ ÖZELLİKLERİ: FIRSATLAR VE RİSKLER
Authors: Karakaş Özür Nazan , Güler Gülşah , Tuncay Anıl Levent , Sevim Erol Ayla
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada coğrafi analiz ya da başka bir ifadeyle monografi yöntemi kullanılarak Çankırı ili merkez ilçe sınırları içinde kalan Çorakyerler fosil lokalitesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Harita Genel Müdürlüğünü’nün (HGM) 2023 ve 1990 yılı ait hava fotoğrafları, uydu görüntüleri ve Google Earth verileri kullanılmıştır. MTA Jeoloji Haritası, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) verileri, Çankırı Valiliği Kadastro Müdürlüğü Verileri, Çankırı Belediyesi Fen İşleri Müdürlüğü Verileri, MTA Saha Raporları, Ulaştırma Bakanlığı Raporları ve ilgili literatür ana veri kaynaklarıdır. Araştırma bulguları coğrafi sistematiğe dikkat edilerek sunulmuştur. Çorakyerler fosil lokalitesi, jeolojik yapı, konum, ulaşım ve erişim imkânları gibi konularda kendine has özellikler göstermektedir. 1997’den beri aktif kazı alanı olan Çorakyerler’de şimdiye kadar 4320 buluntu gün yüzüne çıkarılmıştır. Bu buluntular arasında evrim sürecini aydınlatacak omurgalı/memeli fosilleri yer almaktadır. Şimdiye kadar, ulusal-uluslararası birçok uzman kazılara destek vermiş, uluslararası dergilerde akademik yayınlara yapılıştır. İncelemede belirlenen fırsatlar, jeolojik ve jeomorfolojik yapı, güncel iklim şartları, bulunduğu konum, şehre yakınlık ve devlet tarafından desteklenen bütçe şeklinde sıralanabilir. Temel tehditler, bütçe kesintisi veya destek verilmemesi, yerleşme alanlarının ve yolların kuşatıcı ya da ortadan kaldırmaya dönük durumları olarak sıralanabilir. Kazı alanının tanıtımının yapılması, yerel idarenin bu alan ile ilgili politika geliştirerek yatırım yapması gereklidir. Yine bu kapsamda Karatekin Üniversitesi’nde bir enstitü kurulabilir, okullarda etkinlikler planlanabilir.
Ensimmäiset suomalaiset tekniikan tohtorit
Authors: Paju Petri
Published: December 2024

Petri Pajun katsaus käsittelee ensimmäisiä suomalaisia tekniikan tohtoreita, jotka valmistuivat Saksasta 1900-luvun alussa. Ensimmäinen suomalainen tekniikan tohtori oli Gunnar Heikel, joka väitteli Hannoverin teknillisestä korkeakoulusta vuonna 1904. Hänen jälkeensä useat muut suomalaiset, kuten Veikko Niiranen ja Verner Neovius, väittelivät kemian alalta Karlsruhen teknillisestä korkeakoulusta. Katsaus tarkastelee myös suomalaisten tohtori-insinöörien unohtuneita vaiheita ja heidän merkitystään tekniikan alan kehityksessä. Lisäksi se käsittelee varhaisten väittelijöiden kohtaamia haasteita ja heidän panostaan suomalaisen teknillisen koulutuksen ja insinöörikunnan historiaan. Gunnar Heikelin traaginen kohtalo espanjantaudin uhrina vuonna 1919 ja hänen perheensä tarina tuodaan myös esille.
Investigating the combinatory effect of Sclerocarya birrea with doxorubicin against selected colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Nxasana Thembelihle , Mangoato Innocensia , Masiu Patriciah , Mishra Abhay , Matsabisa Motlalepula
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Colorectal cancer incidences continue to increase annually, worldwide. Herbal plants with antiproliferative properties received research interest as agents that can be adjuvant therapies with chemotherapy drugs to enhance their efficacy and reverse drug resistance.
Methods: Sclerocarya birrea ethanolic (SBE) and aqueous (SBW) extracts combined with doxorubicin (DOX) against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells were investigated for their potential adjuvant and drug resistance reversal. The extracts were assessed for their potential anticancer activities on HCT15 and HT29 cell lines as well as their doxorubicin potentiating and drug resistance reversal effects respectively. The extracts were assessed for their cytotoxicity on normal 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells.
Results: Both SBE and SBW extracts exhibited no toxicity against normal 3T3 cells and showed low activity on the HT29 cell line. Contrarily, resistant HCT15 cells showed moderate to low activity with significantly higher inhibitory concentration (IC)50 values. The combination of SBE with DOX and SBW with DOX resulted in antagonistic interactions, causing an increase in IC50 values for HT29 and HCT15 cells. In contrast, the combination of DOX and verapamil (VER) produced an additive effect, with no change in their IC50 values.
Conclusion: Based on the findings from the combination treatment, the SBE and SBW extracts demonstrated higher efficacy and synergistic effects combined with DOX at IC75 compared to the combination of DOX and VER, suggesting their potential as anticancer agents. However, further research on both the SBE and SBW extracts’ mechanisms of action and in vivo effects is warranted.
A simple predictive model for puerperal infections: emphasizing risk factors and pathogen analysis
Authors: Wen Yanqing , Ming Xin , Yang Jing , Qi Hongbo
Published: December 2024

Background

Puerperal infection (PI) accounting for approximately 11% of maternal deaths globally is an important preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the high-risk factors and pathogenic bacteria of PI, design a nomogram to predict the risk of PI occurrence, and provide clinical guidance for prevention and treatment to improve maternal outcomes.

Methods

A total of 525 pregnant women were included in the study. The mothers were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=367) and a test cohort (n=158). The performance of our model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses. All the women in the group of PI underwent blood culture tests, if the bacteria were detected, drug sensitivity tests were performed. The drug sensitivity spectrum was recorded and analyzed.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that 12 indicators were significantly different (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed 6 factors, such as parity, number of vaginal examinations, amount of postpartum bleeding, antibiotics administered in one week before admission, induced labor, and indwelling catheter were significantly different between the PI group and control group (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.871-0.936) in the training set and 0.890 (95% CI: 0.837-0.942) in the test set. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good agreement between prediction and observation. The analysis of the clinical decision curve showed that the nomogram is of practical significance. There were 100 patients with positive blood cultures in the PI group, and Escherichia.coli was the main pathogenic bacteria, accounting for 89%. The sensitivity to Meropenem and Imipenem was 100%, to Piperacillin tazobactam 97.75%, to Ceftazidime 95.51%, and to Amoxicillin/Clavulanat (AMC) was 93.26%.

Conclusion

The risk of PI will be significantly reduced by controlling the number of vaginal examinations less than 4 times, postpartum hemorrhage less than 414ml, and reducing the time of urethral catheter indwelling. If PI was clinically diagnosed or highly suspected, it was recommended to use antibiotics that were sensitive to Escherichia. coli, such as Piperacillin tazobactam, Ceftazidime, and AMC
Impact of a social and behavior change campaign and volunteer malaria tester program on malaria care seeking among gold miners in Guyana
Authors: Sood Suruchi , Beckles Onika , Orkis Jennifer , Wilson Sean , Hunter Gabrielle , Davis TrishAnn , Hussain Mona , James Kashana
Published: December 2024

Between 2000 and 2019, malaria cases witnessed a global decline. Recent WHO data indicates a reversal of these gains, threatening the goal to eliminate malaria by 2030. In Guyana, malaria is concentrated in remote regions and among itinerant gold miners who have limited access to malaria health services and will thus often self-medicate or delay care. The government implemented a volunteer malaria tester (VMT) program to increase access to malaria testing and treatment in mining communities. Social and behavior change (SBC) interventions targeting psychosocial determinants of malaria-related behaviors complement this program. The “Lil Mosquito, Big Problem” (LMBP) campaign promotes malaria prevention, testing, and treatment behaviors among miners. This campaign, designed and implemented through a participatory human-centered design process, used the ideation model as its conceptual framework to address knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and social norms to influence malaria-related behaviors. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2022 among gold miners in regions 7 and 8 showed increased knowledge and improved psychosocial determinants associated with malaria prevention and treatment. Exposure to the combined VMT and LMBP interventions was associated with significantly higher levels of prompt care-seeking. Interventions should consider attitudes and perceptions and address descriptive norms and the benefits of prompt care-seeking and treatment adherence. Changes in the mining population and economic hardships impact these results. Theory-driven programs systematically designed and implemented through stakeholder involvement and engagement are practical and applicable to similar settings and SBC interventions on other global health issues.
Is artificial intelligence for everyone? Analyzing the role of ChatGPT as a writing assistant for medical students
Authors: Shahsavar Zahra , Kafipour Reza , Khojasteh Laleh , Pakdel Farhad
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential impact of ChatGPT on the academic writing skills development of medical students enrolled in a compulsory 3-unit writing course at a medical university. The research focuses on two primary objectives, which are formulated as two research questions: Firstly, does the use of ChatGPT enhance medical students’ English academic writing skills compared to conventional writing training? Secondly, how does the use of ChatGPT impact on different components of academic writing? A longitudinal intervention design was employed with 83 participants from two writing classes in the experimental and control groups. The findings demonstrated ChatGPT’s significant impact on enhancing medical students’ English academic writing skills, with large effect sizes. ChatGPT enhanced students’ writing skills, especially content, organization, vocabulary, and mechanics in the experimental group, while its impact on language use is limited. AI tools like ChatGPT can be valuable in assisting with certain aspects of writing, but they should not be considered a one-size-fits-all solution for enhancing writing skills. The result of the study can be beneficial for educators, particularly those interested in teaching writing.