bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Destruction and Recreation of the X-Ray Corona in a Changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus
Authors: Ricci C. , Kara E. , Loewenstein M. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Arcavi I. , Remillard R. , Fabian A. C. , Gendreau K. C. , Arzoumanian Z. , Li R. , Ho L. C. , MacLeod C. L. , Cackett E. , Altamirano D. , Gandhi P. , Kosec P. , Pasham D. , Steiner J. , Chan C.-H.
Published: July 2020

We present the drastic transformation of the X-ray properties of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) 1ES 1927+654, following a changing-look event. After the optical/ultraviolet outburst the power-law component, produced in the X-ray corona, disappeared, and the spectrum of 1ES 1927+65 instead became dominated by a blackbody component (kT ∼ 80–120 eV). This implies that the X-ray corona, ubiquitously found in AGNs, was destroyed in the event. Our dense ∼450 days long X-ray monitoring shows that the source is extremely variable in the X-ray band. On long timescales the source varies up to ∼4 dex in ∼100 days, while on short timescales up to ∼2 dex in ∼8 hr. The luminosity of the source is found to first show a strong dip down to

, and then a constant increase in luminosity to levels exceeding the pre-outburst level ≳300 days after the optical event detection, rising up asymptotically to

. As the X-ray luminosity of the source increases, the X-ray corona is recreated, and a very steep power-law component (Γ ≃ 3) reappears, and dominates the emission for 0.3–2 keV luminosities

, ∼300 days after the beginning of the event. We discuss possible origins of this event, and speculate that our observations could be explained by the interaction between the accretion flow and debris from a tidally disrupted star. Our results show that changing-look events can be associated with dramatic and rapid transformations of the innermost regions of accreting supermassive black holes.
Searching for Black Holes in the Outer Solar System with LSST
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham
Published: July 2020

Planet Nine has been proposed to potentially be a black hole (BH) in the outer solar system. We investigate the accretion flares that would result from impacts of small Oort Cloud objects, and find that the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) observing program will be able to either rule out or confirm Planet Nine as a BH within a year. We also find that LSST could rule out or confirm the existence of trapped planet-mass BHs out to the edge of the Oort Cloud, indirectly probing the dark matter fraction in subsolar mass BHs and potentially improving upon current limits by orders of magnitude.
Endoscopic versus Microscopic Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy: Comparison of the Endocrine Outcome – An Institutional Experience
Authors: Sumkovski Robert , Kocevski Ivica , Micunovic Micun
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach to the sella turcica is an overwhelming alternative to the microscopic approach for the past few decades assuming into prominence as a new technique, reaching nearly gold standard for this pathology. The endoscopic approach to the pituitary has redefined accurate visualization of the sella. The panoramic view afforded by the endoscope is unparalleled as compared with the traditional conical view of the microscope.
AIMS: This study aims to compare both endoscopic and microscopic technologies, including advantages and disadvantages through the results of endocrine outcome.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Our retrospective/prospective study included 46 microscopically and 39 endoscopically treated patients during the period of 2010–2018. Tumors were classified according to the diameter and clinical outcomes were evaluated.
RESULTS: Our retrospective/prospective study included 46 microscopically and 39 endoscopically treated patients during the period of 2010–2018. Tumors were classified according to the diameter, hormone activity and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Comparison results revealed more efficacious and effective endocrine control and reestablishing the endocrine homeostasis utilizing the endoscopic technique, especially in secretory active macroadenomas. Further, the extension of the resection, which was better in endoscopic approach undouptedly contributed to better endocrine control of the disease. Complication rate, including endocrine, was lower following endoscopy compared with microsurgery.
CONCLUSION: This technique evidenced to have a statistically significant reduction in operative time and length of hospital stay, as well as more radical safe resection and complication control. There is also a trend toward improved endocrine outcomes and rate of return of visual defects. These two approaches are still comparable with eloquent advantages and disadvantages, formulated as balanced dialectics. In addition, the use of endoscopes, including multilocular polifilament 3D endoscope, facilitates extended approaches, reaching a delicate skull base lesions that are suprasellar, retrosellar, and parasellar, which permits visualization beyond the abilities of the microscope.
Des trajectoires différenciées pour atteindre les Objectifs du Développement Durable dans l’Union européenne. Comparaison Est-Ouest
Authors: Razafimahefa Lala
Published: July 2020

Le paradigme du développement durable (DD) s’est imposé au niveau international ces dernières décennies : Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques et les Conférences des parties, Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat, etc. Ainsi, les grands organismes statistiques onusiens et autres sont capables de diagnostiquer rapidement l’intensification des effets néfastes du changement climatique (CC) dans les trois dimensions du DD, économique, sociale et environnementale, à toutes les échelles sur la planète. Dans l’Union européenne, qui présente de grandes disparités en termes de trajectoires de développement, on peut s’interroger sur la capacité des pays à faire face à ces effets du CC et la prise en compte de l’enjeu de la durabilité dans ces trajectoires. Qu’en est-il de l’intégration des trois dimensions du DD dans les efforts pour atteindre les Objectifs du Développement Durable ? Est-ce qu’il persiste une différenciation Est-Ouest et au sein même de ces espaces ? Quels sont les facteurs qui influent sur cette différenciation : la spécificité régionale/territoriale, le niveau de développement ? En Europe de l’Est, face à la théorie de la convergence suite au transfert du modèle occidental de développement, n’assiste-t-on pas à l’émergence d’une voie alternative d’autonomisation ? Codes JEL  : O52, O57, P51, Q01, R11, R12
Information professionals in industrialised countries
Authors: Cronin Blaise
Published: July 2020

No disponible
Análisis de citas de cuatro revistas biomédicas latinoamericanas
Authors: Macias-Chapula César A.
Published: July 2020

Las revistas Archivos de Investigación Médica (México), Medicina (Argentina), Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo (Brasil), y Revista Médica de Chile (Chile) fueron seleccionadas con el fin de hacer un análisis de citas, conocer sus patrones de intercomunicación, y detectar indicadores importantes para continuar investigaciones afines . La selección de las revistas se realizó a través de un análisis de las publicaciones de mayor difusión en seis índices secundarios internacionales (Index Medicus, lndex Medicus Latinoamericano , Excerpta Medica, Science Citation lndex, Biological Ahstracts, y C'hemical Abstracts). Science Citation, lndex Journal Citation Reports 1987, se utilizó como fuente para realizar el análisis de citas, conocer los factores de impacto y los diferentes indices de las revistas mencionadas. Los resultados indican que Medicina (Argentina) es la revista superior en factor de impacto, citas recibidas y rango en su categoría temática. Archivos de lnvestigación Médica (México) por otro lado, es citada por revistas de alto impacto internacional, y cuenta con una vida media de citaciones superior a los diéz años. En general. los resultados obtenidos no concluyen sobre patrones regionales o temáticos significativos: sin embargo, sí ayudan a establecer las bases de investigación específicas a seguir. Dichas líneas de investigación son descritas por el autor.
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: Early Diagnosis by GeneXpert of an Auramine-Negative Case
Authors: Munezero Louise , Niyikora Narcisse , Mahirane Fidèle , Rugwizangoga Belson
Published: July 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major public health problems with a considerable number of new cases. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is one of the most common forms of extra-pulmonary TB whose diagnosis still faces many challenges. The case to report is a 17-year old female patient with a painful swelling in her right infra-retro-auricular area and the auramine stain was negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). GeneXpert was done, which confirmed the right infra-retro-auricular tuberculous lymphadenitis. The patient responded well to anti-TB treatment.

Key words: Lymphadenitis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Auramine; GeneXpert
Analisis kelayakan ekonomi sistem pertanian terpadu pada zona agroekosistem lahan kering dataran rendah
Authors: Basri M
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of integrated farming systems in lowland upland agroecosystem zones. The sampling method used in this study was simple random sampling with a sample of 32 farmers. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation techniques, interview techniques and literature search. Data analysis uses (1) revenue and revenue analysis and (2). Business feasibility analysis (R / C Ratio). The results showed that the results of the economic feasibility analysis of integrated farming systems in lowland dry land agroecosystems in Fatukanutu village, Kupang district, with an average land area of ​​1 ha. The total cost needed is IDR 28,015,000, with total receipts received IDR 76,902,000, and an income of IDR 48,887,000 per planting season. With an R / C Ratio of 2.73.
Wide discrepancies in the magnitude and direction of modeled solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in response to light conditions
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Magney Troy , Norton Alex , Raczka Brett , Bacour Cédric , Maignan Fabienne , Baker Ian , Zhang Yongguang , Qiu Bo , Shi Mingjie , MacBean Natasha , Bowling Dave R. , Burns Sean P. , Blanken Peter D. , Stutz Jochen , Grossmann Katja , Frankenberg Christian
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Recent successes in passive remote sensing of far-red solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have spurred the development and integration of
canopy-level fluorescence models in global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) for climate and carbon cycle research. The interaction of fluorescence
with photochemistry at the leaf and canopy scales provides opportunities to diagnose and constrain model simulations of photosynthesis and related
processes, through direct comparison to and assimilation of tower, airborne, and satellite data. TBMs describe key processes related to the absorption of
sunlight, leaf-level fluorescence emission, scattering, and reabsorption throughout the canopy. Here, we analyze simulations from an ensemble of
process-based TBM–SIF models (SiB3 – Simple Biosphere Model, SiB4, CLM4.5 – Community Land Model, CLM5.0, BETHY – Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology, ORCHIDEE – Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems, and BEPS – Boreal Ecosystems Productivity Simulator) and the SCOPE (Soil Canopy Observation Photosynthesis Energy) canopy radiation and vegetation model at a subalpine
evergreen needleleaf forest near Niwot Ridge, Colorado. These models are forced with local meteorology and analyzed against tower-based continuous
far-red SIF and gross-primary-productivity-partitioned (GPP) eddy covariance data at diurnal and synoptic scales during the growing season
(July–August 2017). Our primary objective is to summarize the site-level state of the art in TBM–SIF modeling over a relatively short time period
(summer) when light, canopy structure, and pigments are similar, setting the stage for regional- to global-scale analyses. We find that these models
are generally well constrained in simulating photosynthetic yield but show strongly divergent patterns in the simulation of absorbed photosynthetic
active radiation (PAR), absolute GPP and fluorescence, quantum yields, and light response at the leaf and canopy scales. This study highlights the need for
mechanistic modeling of nonphotochemical quenching in stressed and unstressed environments and improved the representation of light absorption (APAR),
distribution of light across sunlit and shaded leaves, and radiative transfer from the leaf to the canopy scale.
Radiative forcing of climate change from the Copernicus reanalysis of atmospheric composition
Authors: Bellouin Nicolas , Davies Will , Shine Keith P. , Quaas Johannes , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Forster Piers M. , Smith Chris , Lee Lindsay , Regayre Leighton , Brasseur Guy , Sudarchikova Natalia , Bouarar Idir , Boucher Olivier , Myhre Gunnar
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Radiative forcing provides an important basis for understanding
and predicting global climate changes, but its quantification has
historically been done independently for different forcing agents, has involved
observations to varying degrees, and studies have not always included a
detailed analysis of uncertainties. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring
Service reanalysis is an optimal combination of modelling and observations
of atmospheric composition. It provides a unique opportunity to rely on
observations to quantify the monthly and spatially resolved global
distributions of radiative forcing consistently for six of the largest
forcing agents: carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, stratospheric
ozone, aerosol–radiation interactions, and aerosol–cloud interactions. These
radiative-forcing estimates account for adjustments in stratospheric
temperatures but do not account for rapid adjustments in the troposphere.
On a global average and over the period 2003–2017, stratospherically
adjusted radiative forcing of carbon dioxide has averaged +1.89 W m−2
(5 %–95 % confidence interval: 1.50 to 2.29 W m−2) relative to 1750 and
increased at a rate of 18 % per decade. The corresponding values for
methane are +0.46 (0.36 to 0.56) W m−2 and 4 % per decade but with
a clear acceleration since 2007. Ozone radiative-forcing averages +0.32 (0
to 0.64) W m−2, almost entirely contributed by tropospheric ozone since
stratospheric ozone radiative forcing is only +0.003 W m−2. Aerosol
radiative-forcing averages −1.25 (−1.98 to −0.52) W m−2,
with aerosol–radiation interactions contributing −0.56 W m−2 and
aerosol–cloud interactions contributing −0.69 W m−2 to the global
average. Both have been relatively stable since 2003. Taking the six forcing
agents together, there is no indication of a sustained slowdown or acceleration
in the rate of increase in anthropogenic radiative forcing over the period.
These ongoing radiative-forcing estimates will monitor the impact on the
Earth's energy budget of the dramatic emission reductions towards net-zero
that are needed to limit surface temperature warming to the Paris Agreement
temperature targets. Indeed, such impacts should be clearly manifested in
radiative forcing before being clear in the temperature record. In addition,
this radiative-forcing dataset can provide the input distributions needed by
researchers involved in monitoring of climate change, detection and
attribution, interannual to decadal prediction, and integrated assessment
modelling. The data generated by this work are available at https://doi.org/10.24380/ads.1hj3y896 (Bellouin et al., 2020b).
Modelling impacts of spatially variable erosion drivers on suspended sediment dynamics
Authors: Battista Giulia , Molnar Peter , Burlando Paolo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Suspended sediment load in rivers is highly uncertain because sediment production and transport at catchment scale are strongly variable in space and time, and they are affected by catchment hydrology, topography, and land cover.
Among the main sources of this variability are the spatially distributed nature of overland flow as an erosion driver and of surface erodibility given by soil type and vegetation cover distribution. Temporal variability mainly results from the time sequence of rainfall intensity during storms and snowmelt leading to soil saturation and overland flow. We present a new spatially distributed soil erosion and suspended sediment transport module integrated into the computationally efficient physically based hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH, with which we investigate the effects of the two erosion drivers – precipitation and surface erodibility – on catchment sediment fluxes in a typical pre-Alpine mesoscale catchment.
By conducting a series of numerical experiments, we quantify the impact of spatial variability in the two key erosion drivers on erosion–deposition patterns, sediment delivery ratio, and catchment sediment yields. Main findings are that the spatial variability in erosion drivers affects sediment yield by (i) increasing sediment production due to a spatially variable precipitation, while decreasing it due to a spatially variable surface erodibility, (ii) favouring the clustering of sediment source areas in space by surface runoff generation, and (iii) decreasing their connectivity to the river network by magnifying sediment buffers.
The results highlight the importance of resolving spatial gradients controlling hydrology and sediment processes when modelling sediment dynamics at the mesoscale, in order to capture the key effects of sediment sources, buffers, and hillslope hydrological pathways in determining the sediment signal.
Web-based macroseismic intensity study in Turkey: entries in Ekşi Sözlük
Authors: Ertuncay Deniz , Cataldi Laura , Costa Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ekşi Sözlük is one of the most visited websites in Turkey. Registered users of the website share their knowledge about any topic on an internet forum-like environment. In this study, we collect the user entries on the topics of 20 earthquakes in Turkey and the surrounding area. Entries with city and district level information are converted to intensity values. Shape maps of the earthquakes are created by using a ground motion to intensity conversion equation. User entries and created shake maps are compared. It is found that entries correlate with the predicted intensities. It is also found that local soil conditions and building types have an amplifier effect on entries in the web site. Several entries in the earthquake topics have magnitude estimations. Difference between predicted and observed intensities also vary with distance. Users are able to predict the magnitudes of the earthquakes with ±0.54 misfit. This study shows that Ekşi Sözlük has a potential to be a reliable source of macroseismic intensity for the earthquakes in Turkey, if the felt reports have been collected with a predetermined format.
Contar con la infancia en situación de riesgo en los procesos de investigación: pasos hacia la coproducción
Authors: Inchaurrondo Ainoa Mateos , Tió Eduard Vaquero , Monclús Aida Urrea , Ramajo Belén Parra
Published: July 2020

De acuerdo con la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, los y las niñas tienen derecho a participar en todos aquellos aspectos que les afectan. Se reconoce cada vez más la importancia de dar voz y tener en cuenta a la infancia. Sin embargo, esta participación se ve limitada en algunas ocasiones, especialmente en contextos como el sistema de protección a la infancia o en contextos en los que ésta se halla en una situación de riesgo o vulnerabilidad. Por ello, es necesario promover experiencias en las que niños, niñas y adolescentes sean agentes activos de la investigación. Las aportaciones de los principales implicados dan significatividad a los hallazgos y acercan la investigación al foco de estudio, así como a los mismos agentes. Las investigaciones deben incorporar a la infancia y adolescencia no sólo como fuente de información sino como agentes principales. En el presente artículo se muestran algunas de las metodologías de investigación participativas utilizadas, a lo largo de estos últimos años, por el por el grupo de investigación en intervenciones socioeducativas en infancia y juventud (GRISIJ). Los ejemplos sitúan el foco de la investigación en la infancia en riesgo y en su derecho a participar en los procesos de investigación sobre cuestiones que les afectan. Finalmente, se proponen algunas ideas para adquirir mayor compromiso con la participación infantil en estos procesos, especialmente, en los casos de infancia en situación de riesgo o en el sistema de protección.
Representaciones sociales de niñas y niños acerca de su barrio en un contexto de narcotráfico
Authors: Loubet Orozco Roxana , Sánchez Arellano Emilia E. , Torres Osuna Cristian D. , Camacho Castro Giova
Published: July 2020

Se presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales de niños y niñas de un asentamiento con actividades ligadas al narcotráfico en una ciudad ubicada en el Pacífico mexicano. Fue una investigación de tipo cualitativo, teniendo como premisa de partida el que las representaciones de los niños acerca de la vida social se relacionan con experiencias de socialización múltiple. Como estrategia metodológica se realizó un taller de dibujo en el que participaron 5 niños y 6 niñas, de entre 7 y 12 años de edad. Entre los principales hallazgos se observó la importancia de la familia y la cercanía con los vecinos como factores mediadores en la fuerza de las representaciones sociales.
Análisis de las políticas públicas para paliar la pobreza infantil en España durante la Gran Recesión y la Crisis del COVID-19
Authors: Solé León Enrique
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación analiza las políticas públicas que llevó a cabo el Gobierno de España durante la Gran Recesión y durante la Crisis del Covid-19.
Quality of life in chemotherapy
Authors: Massoni Francesco , Ricci Lidia , Pelosi Marcello , Ricci Serafino
Published: July 2020

No Abstract
Characterizing disability and perception of rehabilitation in the health District of Dschang, Cameroon
Authors: Foti Calogero , N. Azeufack Yannick , S. Sobze Martin , Albensi Caterina , W. Guetiya Raoul , Mindjomo Rachel , Sipewo Michelle , Djouana Isabelle , Mba Axel , Metomo Elisabeth , Nkone Ivan , Ndongo Mireille , Awawou Manjieli , Tuiedjo Charleine , F. Onohiol James , Djeunang Dongho Bruna , P. Nkamedjie Patrick , Colizzi Vittorio
Published: July 2020

Aims: Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine are lagging behind in resource-limited settings (RLS). Baseline data from these settings should set goals for implementation. Following legislation (N°83/013/1983) on the protection of persons with disabilities in Cameroon, we sought to assess the types and potential determinants of physical disability, in order to set-up pitfalls towards better protection and promotion of human rights among disable Cameroonians. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2013 among physical disable individuals living in the Health District of Dschang, a locality of the western region of Cameroon with people from diverse origins. A standard questionnaire identifying disabilities and related socio-economic and health determinants was administered to each identified disabled. Results: Out of 159 physically disabled (55.9% female and mean age 36 years [sd±17.26], 33.8% with primary educational-level), orthopedic (mainly due to fracture [45.8%] and infectious diseases [29.1%]) and neurological disabilities (mainly hemiplegia [33.3%], hemiparesis [23.8%], and monoplegia [23.8%]) were leading types of disabilities. Main causes of disability were traffic accidents (17.8%) and inappropriate medical interventions (14.5%). Disability onset decreased significantly with age (from 41.4% for 0–10 years to 0.6% for 70–80 years old, p=0.00508), and 50% experienced social discrimination/stigmatization. The disabled had low-income (XAF 50,000–200,000) to pay for rehabilitative care (XAF 10,000–100,000), and up to 83% appealed for an improved quality of rehabilitation medicine. Conclusion: Wider range of disabilities calls for safer transportation, medical interventions and disease prevention, implementing standard approaches towards rehabilitation and social reintegration of the disabled living in typical RLS.
Rights-based approach project for social inclusion of persons with disabilities at Cape Verde, Africa
Authors: Neves-Silva Priscila
Published: July 2020

Aims: The objective of this article is to present a social-development project implemented in Cape Verde, Africa, which used a rightsbased approach methodology based on the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD) to promote inclusion of persons with disability (PWD) in the country. Methods: It was used the right based approach methodology which recognizes human rights as a primary goal and it is used to make human right a reality, especially for vulnerable and marginalized groups. Right holders and duty bearers were recognized, and all phases of the project were constructed in a participatory approach. Results: As a result we can see that this project fortified civil society participation in decision making process, society was aware of PWD's rights and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was ratified. Conclusion: In this way, if social-development projects for the inclusion of PWD use rights-based approach as methodology and CRPD as framework, they could help CRPD to get implemented, spreading, thus, human rights principles throughout the society and fortifying the social model of disability.
Transfer of learning of a pattern drawing task in typically developing children
Authors: Maitra Kinsuk , S. Rice Martin , Yean Park Hae
Published: July 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore whether typically developing children learn a motor skill better if the skill is first learned by the proximal motor apparatus and then transferred to the distal motor apparatus. Methods: Thirty-one typically developing children were randomly assigned to either proximal or distal muscle group. The children in the proximal muscle group learned to draw a large pattern using the proximal muscle groups (shoulder and elbow) and transferred the skill to the distal muscle group (wrist and hand) by reproducing a similar but smaller pattern. The children in the distal muscle group did the opposite. A two-way ANOVA is used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the interaction between the main factor of direction and condition yielded significance. Also, skill was transferred in both in proximal to distal (P2D) and distal to proximal (D2P) children group. Error units were decreased between original learning (OL) and transfer learning (TL) in P2D children group. Conclusion: The results further suggest that children would be able to learn a novel motor task using either their proximal motor apparatus that is shoulder and elbow or using their distal motor apparatus that is wrist and hands. Future study should focus on indicating if it would help for child with intellectual disabilities or motor impairments to learn drawing tasks.
Effect of Coated Urea with Humic-Calcium on Transformation of Nitrogen in Coastal Sandy Soil: A Soil Column Method
Authors: Sulakhudin Sulakhudin , Syukur Abdul , Shiddieq Dja'far , Yuwono Triwibowo
Published: July 2020

Effect of Coated Urea with Humic-Calcium on Transformation of Nitrogen in Coastal Sandy Soil: A Soil Column Method (Sulakhudin, A  Syukur, D  Shiddieq and T  Yuwono):  In coastal sandy soil, mainly nitrogen losses due to leaching resulted to low fertilizer efficiency. Slow-release N fertilizers are proposed to minimize these losses, and humic-calcium coated urea has been examined. A soil column method was used to compare the effects of coated urea with humic-calcium on transformation and leaching loss of N in coastal sandy soil. The experiment aid to compare two kind source humic substances (cow manure and peat) which mixed with calcium as coated urea on transformation, vertical distribution and leaching N in coastal sandy soil. The concentration of humic-calcium coated urea i.e.1%, 5% and 10% based on their weight.  The results showed that urea coated with humic-calcium from cow manure (UCHM) and humic-calcium from peat (UCHP) increased the N total and available N in the soil and decreased leaching loss of N from the soil column. Compare to UCHP, UCHM in all concentration showed N-nitrate higher than N-ammonium on incubation length 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The N leached from a costal sandy soil with application coated urea with UCHM ranged from 21.18% to 23.72% of the total N added as fertilizer, for coated urea with UCHP they ranged between 21.44% and 23.25%, whereas for urea (control) reach 29.48%. Leaching losses of mineral N were lower when urea coated with UCHM compared to urea coated with UCHP or urea fertilizer.  The study concluded that the UCHM is better than UCHP in decreasing N leached from coastal sandy soil.
Effect of Organic Matter Amendment on Lead Contamination in Roadside Soil and Plant
Authors: Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Budianta Dedik , Mardia Mardia
Published: July 2020

Lad Contamination in Roadside Soil and Plant and Effect of Organic Matter Amendment (Sabaruddin, D Budianta and Mardia):  Roadside soils and plants may be the most important sink of lead (Pb).  It has been widely known that soil organic matter (SOM) plays important roles in determining concentrations of metals in soil solution and their extractability from the soil.  To investigate Pb contamination in the roadside soils and plants, as well as the effect of organic matter (OM) on the soluble Pb in the roadside soils, surface soils (0 to 20 cm) were collected from a busy road.   The soils were incubated for 4 weeks under room temperature after being treated with 0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 of OM.  Leaves of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) planted on the roadside were also analyzed for Pb content.  Current study revealed that Pb content in roadside soils and leaves of oil palm was 1.5 and 5.5 times higher than the safe level of Pb in soil and plant.  It confirms that both soil and plant at the study site were contaminated by Pb.  Current study also showed that SOM amendment significantly (P<0.01) affected soluble Pb content in the soils.  Adding OM to the soil at 30 Mg ha-1 to correct the level of SOC from very low to low was sufficient to significantly reduce soluble Pb in the soils.  However, the application of 60 Mg ha-1 of OM triggered the increases in soluble Pb in the soils.  Further increases in OM application to 90 Mg ha-1 resulted in significant increases in soluble Pb as compared with that in the soil receiving 30 Mg ha-1 of OM.  In spite of the increases, the level of soluble Pb in the soils receiving 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 of OM was still much below the safe level of Pb in soil.
Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe
Authors: Kilowasid Laode Muhammad Harjoni , Syamsudin Tati Suryati , Susilo Franciscus Xaverius , Sulistyawati Endah
Published: July 2020

Taxa diversity within soil fauna functional groups can affected ecosystem functioning such as ecosystem engineers,which influence decomposition and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study is to describe ecological diversityvariation within soil fauna as ecosystem engineers in soil ecosystem of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation.Sampling was conducted during one year period from five different ages of plantation. Soil fauna removed from soilcore using hand sorting methods. A total of 39 genera of soil fauna as ecosystem engineers were found during thesestudies. Thirty five genera belong to the group of Formicidae (ants), three genera of Isoptera (termites), and onegenera of Oligochaeta (earthworms). Ecological diversity variation within ecosystem engineers was detected withSimpson indices for dominance and evenness. The highest diversity of ecosystem engineers was in the young ageof plantation. This study reinforces the importance biotic interaction which contributed to the distribution andabundance within soil fauna community as ecosystem engineers in small-holder cocoa plantation.[How to Cite: Kilowasid LMH, TS Syamsudin, FX Susilo and E Sulistyawati. 2012. Ecological Diversity of Soil Fauna as Ecosystem Engineers in Small-Holder Cocoa Plantation in South Konawe. J Trop Soils 17 (2): 173-180. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.173] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.173]
Characterization of Micronutrients and Heavy Metal Content in Organic Fertilizer Made From Fly Ash and Organic Waste
Authors: Utami Sari Widya , Tarigan Roy Aries Permana , Widianingsih Betti
Published: July 2020

The production of electrical energy from burning of coal produced  large amounts of fly ash waste. Fly ash had the potential to be used as soil ameliorant material because it has a very fine size. The purpose of the research was to to develop a new alternative organic fertilizer and to find out the contents of micronutrients and heavy metal on organic fertilizer with fly ash matterials. The research was conducted by composting some organic matterials that consisted of fly ash, poultry manure, peanute litter, dusk of ripsaw and "Ares" of banana stalk in some comparisons. The selection of the the best organic fertilizer based on the ranking method. The result of this research showed that the selected organic fertilizer was fertilizer that given 10% of fly ash. The  micronutrientss content of the organic fertilizer was low for Cu, Mn and Zn element but the Fe element was high. The heavy metals content of the fertilizer was low for As, Cd, Hg and Pb.
How Far Should the State Go to Counter Prejudice?
Authors: Tourkochoriti Ioanna
Published: July 2020

How Far Should the State Go to Counter Prejudice? A Positive State Obligation to Counter Dehumanisation

This article argues that it is legitimate for the state to practice soft paternalism towards changing hearts and minds in order to prevent behaviour that is discriminatory. Liberals accept that it is not legitimate for the state to intervene in order to change how people think because ideas and beliefs are wrong in themselves. It is legitimate for the state to intervene with the actions of a person only when there is a risk of harm to others and when there is a threat to social coexistence. Preventive action of the state is legitimate if we consider the immaterial and material harm that discrimination causes. It causes harm to the social standing of the person, psychological harm, economic and existential harm. All these harms threaten peaceful social coexistence. This article traces a theory of permissible government action. Research in the areas of behavioural psychology, neuroscience and social psychology indicates that it is possible to bring about a change in hearts and minds. Encouraging a person to adopt the perspective of the person who has experienced discrimination can lead to empathetic understanding. This, can lead a person to critically evaluate her prejudice. The paper argues that soft paternalism towards changing hearts and minds is legitimate in order to prevent harm to others. It attempts to legitimise state coercion in order to eliminate prejudice and broader social patterns of inequality and marginalisation. And it distinguishes between appropriate and non-appropriate avenues the state could pursue in order to eliminate prejudice. Policies towards eliminating prejudice should address the rational and the emotional faculties of a person. They should aim at using methods and techniques that focus on persuasion and reduce coercion. They should raise awareness of what prejudice is and how it works in order to facilitate well-informed voluntary decisions. The version of soft paternalism towards changing minds and attitudes defended in this article makes it consistent with liberalism.
Difficulties and prospects for change among drug addicts before and after withdrawal treatment
Authors: Chmielewska Anna
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to show the life situation of drug addicts before the start of the withdrawal treatment in an addiction treatment centre and after all stages of the treatment have been completed. It is important to show the difference in perception of a person’s life status before and after treatment. Despite similar potential problems, for example in the housing, professional, health and family situation, there is a fundamental change in the way they are assessed and how to solve them. The reason is the confrontation with the disease that occurs during the stay in the centre. Thanks to it, it is possible to think about what to change in the person’s life. The broadly understood change is possible thanks to appropriate support after leaving the centre. This support, provided, among others, by social workers, consists in accompanying such a person in the implementation of subsequent challenges and in solving emerging problems. It is associated with motivating, indicating resources and strengthening the sense of agency in life.
Analysis of calls made to emergency number 112
Authors: Lis Karolina
Published: July 2020

This article presents the division of calls that are made to public safety answering points
in the Republic of Poland. Next those calls were analysed starting from the very beginning
of the operation of the emergency notification system, taking into account their percentage
division into justified, false and cancelled calls. Factors that influence the number and type
of registered calls were also presented. The last part of the article refers to proposed changes
that could be made to reduce the number of false calls.
Age–period–cohort analysis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis prevalence in Japan
Authors: Okui Tasuku
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the trends in the Japanese prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis by using age–period–cohort (APC) analysis. Data regarding the prevalence of diseases from 1999 to 2017 were collected from Patient Survey in Japan. The data were divided according to age groups ranging from 0–4 years old up to 65–69 years old in 5-year increments. A cohort was defined for each age group of each year with a one-year shift, and cohorts born from 1930–1934 up to 2013–2017 were examined. We used Bayesian APC analysis to decompose the changes in prevalence into age, period, and cohort effects. Results show that the period effect for asthma began to increase in 2008, and those of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis began to increase in 1999. The cohort effects for asthma and atopic dermatitis increased rapidly in cohorts born from approximately 1950 to 1980 and then decreased thereafter. Furthermore, the cohort effect for allergic rhinitis increased from cohorts born in approximately the late 1970s for men and in 1990 for women. The time points with increasing cohort effects for asthma and atopic dermatitis are consistent with the history of air pollution accompanied by rapid economic growth in Japan. The onset of the increased cohort effect for allergic rhinitis was also relatively consistent with the time point at which the mass scattering of pollen began.
Cheating Death in Damascus
Authors: Levinstein Benjamin A. , Soares Nate ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: July 2020

Evidential Decision Theory (EDT) and Causal Decision Theory (CDT) are the leading contenders as theories of rational action, but both face counterexamples. We present some new counterexamples, including one in which the optimal action is causally dominated. We also present a novel decision theory, Functional Decision Theory (FDT), which simultaneously solves both sets of counterexamples. Instead of considering which physical action of theirs would give rise to the best outcomes, FDT agents consider which output of their decision function would give rise to the best outcome. This theory relies on a notion of subjunctive dependence, where multiple implementations of the same mathematical function are considered (even counterfactually) to have identical results for logical rather than causal reasons. Taking these subjunctive dependencies into account allows FDT agents to outperform CDT and EDT agents in, for example, the presence of accurate predictors.
La orientación en la Universidad de Jaén
Authors: Campoy Tomás J. , Pantoja Antonio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENPresentamos en nuestro trabajo un estudio descriptivo de las opiniones y percepciones que los estudiantes de la Universidad de Jaén tienen acerca de las necesidades de orientación, así como el nivel de conocimiento y la dificultad en poder satisfacerlas. Los datos que recogemos mediante cuestionario deben servir para reflexionar sobre la conveniencia de la puesta en práctica de un Servicio de Orientación que venga a contribuir a la mejora de la calidad universitaria.ABSTRACTWe present in our work a descriptive study on the opinions and perceptions of the students at the University of Jaén regarding the guidance needs as well as the awareness level and the difficulty to be able to satisfy them. The information we include by using a questionnaire should serve to reflect on the advisability of the implementation of a Guidance Service to improve the university quality.
Evaluación de necesidades para la intervención orientadora en el desarrollo profesional femenino: la inserción socio-laboral de mujeres jóvenes
Authors: Suárez Ortega Magdalena
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl acceso al empleo y el mantenimiento del puesto de trabajo son temas de gran relevancia social. Tanto jóvenes que eligen o demandan su primer empleo, personas que abandonaron sus puestos y quieren reinsertarse en el mundo laboral, como las que necesitan de una re-cualificación para el mantenimiento del puesto, encuentran serias dificultades en el proceso de inserción y desarrollo profesional. No obstante, existen determinados sectores de población, como el femenino, que encuentran especiales barreras que obstaculizan dichos procesos. En el trabajo que sigue planteamos la necesidad de integrar una perspectiva de género en la orientación profesional, donde se tengan en cuenta los diferentes condicionantes que las mujeres encuentran a la hora del acceso al empleo y del mantenimiento del puesto. A partir de él, detectamos algunas de las necesidades que posee un colectivo de mujeres jóvenes para su inserción sociolaboral, que limitan de manera clara sus procesos de desarrollo personal-profesional.ABSTRACTAccessing the labour market and maintaining a job are two important priorities that concern todays society. Serious difficulties are faced by young people searching and applying for their first job, and by those returning to work. Also, those already in a job can be affected when they must re-train in order to mantein their position. These problems tend to arise in the employee selection process and in professional development. However, there are certain members of society who fall into particular social categories, such women, for which the limitations are greater. This study highlights the importance of a better understanding of the gender factor in the career guidance for women. We present training and guidance needs assessment for a group of young women who were looking to access to job.
Aproximación a la integración del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en la universidad
Authors: Feliz Murias Tiberio , Ricoy Lorenzo Mª Carmen
Published: July 2020

RESUMENDesde este trabajo asumimos la integración del alumnado con necesidades educativa especiales en la Universidad como un reto necesario que juntos hemos de compartir. Nos aproximamos a este ambi- cioso desafío, a través del análisis que realizamos en la Universidad, particularmente, en la UNED. El estudio abordado nos permite conocer las posibilidades que esta Universidad brinda, precisamente por darse en ella la enseñanza a distancia. En todo caso, y por supuesto valorando lo hecho hasta el mo- mento, planteamos algunas mejoras o propuestas estructurales y normativas que aseguren, en mayor medida, la integración de las personas con necesidades educativas especiales en el ámbito universita- rio extensible al cotidiano.ABSTRACTWith this article, we are assuming the integration of students with special educational needs in the university as a necessary challenge we have to develop together. This approach is developed through the study of a special situation: the Spanish Distance University (UNED). By these means, we can know the possibilities this university offers, due to its distance systems. We value all the efforts they have done up to date but we suggest some improvements, and structural, normative proposals to assu- re the integration of persons with special educational needs in the university circles, trying to extend it to the diary life.
Competencias interculturales en Servicios de Orientación para el desarrollo de la carrera
Authors: Castellano Pérez José Luis
Published: July 2020

RESUMENSe presenta un modelo de análisis de competencias interculturales en el área de conocimiento de la orientación adaptado a los servicios de orientación en universidades a distancia europeas. Tanto servicios como profesionales trabajando en ellos son foco del análisis. En primer lugar, se procede a un acercamiento al concepto de competencia. En segundo lugar, se comenta lo que desde el contexto norteamericano se ha hecho en orientación para el desarrollo de la carrera y se comenta el estado actualde la investigación en orientación intercultural. A continuación se presenta un modelo de competencias interculturales, explicamos su necesidad y comentamos brevemente los resultados de la investigación en torno a este tópico en Europa.ABSTRACTIt is presented a model of intercultural competencies analysis within the general knowledge area o fcounselling  focused  on counselling  services  at  European  distance  universities. Services  as well  as practitioners working in them are themes of the analysis. First of all, it is presented a competence concept. On the other hand, it is commented what from the North American context has build up in career counselling. Third, it is offered an insight of the research situation in intercultural counselling. Finally, it is presented an intercultural model of competencies and it is briefly explained and commented last results of the research on this topic.
Departamentos de Orientación: un análisis del rol orientador y de las nuevas figuras asesoras
Authors: Loizaga Latorre Félix
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste artículo trata de la situación actual de los Departamentos de Orientación (D.O.), subrayando la figura asesora del orientador. Consta de tres apartados: el primero analiza el origen de los D.O. en los años ochenta, y su puesta en práctica durante la década de los noventa; siguiendo las directrices de laLOGSE. La globalización actual, como telón de fondo, implica una reorientación de los D.O. Las figuras asesoras se encuentran desbordadas, en relación a la diversidad de tareas y a la población a la que orientan. En el segundo apartado se presentan las líneas futuras de trabajo en las que deberá incidirse para mejorar la calidad y la atención en los centros. Finalmente, en el tercero se plantea incorporar nuevas figuras asesoras con diferentes funciones para optimizar la eficacia de los D.O.ABSTRACTThis article reflects on the current situation of the Guidance Departments, putting emphasis on the figure of the adviser. It consists of three sections. The first one analyses the origin of the G.D. in the 80s, and the their implementation during the decade of the 90s; with reference to the LOGSE. The present globalization, as a backcloth, leads to the Guidance Departments having to be reoriented so as to be efficient in their management. The advisers are overwhelmed with their duties, with regard to the variety of tasks and the population they give advise to. On the second section, the future lines of work on which it will be necessary to touch upon, in order to improve the quality and the attention in the institutions, are introduced. And on the third one, it is proposed to include new figures of guidan-ce into the G. D. with different tasks to improve the efficacy of the G. D.