bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Plasma Magnesium with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
Authors: Chen Sijing , Jin Xiaoling , Liu Jun , Sun Taoping , Xie Manling , Bao Wei , Yu Xuefeng , Yang Xuefeng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Haibo , Shan Zhilei , Liu Liegang
Published: October 2017

Our study aimed to assess the associations of plasma magnesium with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Chinese adults. We conducted a case-control analysis of 4447 participants: 867 newly diagnosed prediabetes patients, 1475 newly diagnosed T2D patients and 2105 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. In a subsample of 599 apparently healthy individuals, we measured plasma hs-CRP levels to examine their relation to plasma magnesium. Plasma magnesium and hs-CRP were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Plasma magnesium decreased from NGT to prediabetes to T2D, and was inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the ORs from the lowest to highest quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1, 0.57 (95%CI, 0.44–0.74), 0.49 (0.37–0.65) and 0.51 (0.37–0.70) for prediabetes, and 1, 0.26 (0.20–0.33), 0.15 (0.12–0.20) and 0.15 (0.11–0.20) for T2D. Consistently, plasma magnesium was inversely correlated with plasma hs-CRP in our subsample analysis; the geometric mean hs-CRP concentration for ascending quartiles of plasma magnesium were 1.29 (1.06–1.57), 1.16 (0.95–1.41), 1.00 (0.81–1.22), and 0.71 (0.58–0.88) mg/l. Plasma magnesium was independently and inversely associated with prediabetes and T2D in Chinese adults.
Ruthenium(ii) complexes of pyridinol and N-heterocyclic carbene derived pincers as robust catalysts for selective carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Boudreaux Chance M. , Liyanage Nalaka P. , Shirley Hunter , Siek Sopheavy , Gerlach Deidra L. , Qu Fengrui , Delcamp Jared H. , Papish Elizabeth T.
Published: September 2017

New methoxy substituted CNC pincers form ruthenium catalysts that are robust and convert CO2 to CO selectively using light energy.
Isotope effects on the resonance interactions and vibrational quantum dynamics of fluoroform 12,13CHF3
Authors: Albert Sieghard , Bekhtereva Elena , Bolotova Irina , Chen Ziqiu , Fábri Csaba , Hollenstein Hans , Quack Martin , Ulenikov Oleg
Published: September 2017

We report a comparison of the vibrational quantum dynamics based on the analysis of the low energy spectra of 13CHF3 and 12CHF3 from the THz (FIR) range to the ν1 fundamental at high resolution ( or Doppler limited).
Emerging crystalline porous materials as a multifunctional platform for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhou Junwen , Wang Bo
Published: September 2017

This review highlights the functions of metal–organic frameworks and covalent-organic frameworks in batteries and supercapacitors.
PtxNi10−xO nanoparticles supported on N-doped graphene oxide with a synergetic effect for highly efficient hydrolysis of ammonia borane
Authors: Zhao Binhua , Feng Kun , Wang Yun , Lv Xiaoxin , Zheng Hechuang , Ma Yanyun , Yan Wensheng , Sun Xuhui , Zhong Jun
Published: September 2017

The Pt3Ni7O–NGO sample shows a high TOF value in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane due to a synergetic effect.
Reversible pressure pre-amorphization of a piezochromic metal–organic framework
Authors: Andrzejewski M. , Casati N. , Katrusiak A.
Published: September 2017

Reversible pressure amorphization of a piezochromic metal–organic framework.
Self-texturizing electronic properties of a 2-dimensional GdAu2 layer on Au(111): the role of out-of-plane atomic displacement
Authors: Correa Alexander , Camellone Matteo Farnesi , Barragan Ana , Kumar Abhishek , Cepek Cinzia , Pedio Maddalena , Fabris Stefano , Vitali Lucia
Published: September 2017

We show that the electronic and chemical properties of a surface-supported 2-dimensional layer structure can be self-texturized at the nanoscale.
In situ growth of cobalt@cobalt-borate core–shell nanosheets as highly-efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline/neutral medium
Authors: Xie Chao , Wang Yanyong , Yan Dafeng , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin
Published: September 2017

Development of efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still a crucial issue for renewable energy technologies.
Engineering a periplasmic binding protein for amino acid sensors with improved binding properties
Authors: Ko Wooseok , Kim Sanggil , Lee Hyun Soo
Published: September 2017

Engineering a periplasmic binding protein by using a FRET-based sensor design strategy has produced amino acid sensors with improved binding properties.
pH sensitive mesoporous nanohybrids with charge-reversal properties for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Deng Shunshu , Zhang Shihao , Jiang Jia , Han Baosan , Li Yulin
Published: September 2017

Drug-loaded mesoporous nanoparticles undergoing cationic polymer and protein nanoblock coating enable charge reversal and pH sensitivity for anticancer drug delivery.
1/f pink chaos in nanopores
Authors: Nandigana Vishal V. R. , Aluru N. R.
Published: September 2017

We show that for an ideally ion-selective nanopore, current oscillations can be due to chaos rather than noise, and that the color associated with the chaotic spectrum, which has 1/f type dynamics, is pink.
Anisotropic ultrahigh hole mobility in two-dimensional penta-SiC2 by strain-engineering: electronic structure and chemical bonding analysis
Authors: Xu Yuanfeng , Ning Zeyu , Zhang Hao , Ni Gang , Shao Hezhu , Peng Bo , Zhang Xiangchao , He Xiaoying , Zhu Yongyuan , Zhu Heyuan
Published: September 2017

At room temperature, the uniaxial strain (εx = −8%) can enhance the hole mobility of monolayer penta-SiC2 along the b-direction by almost three orders of magnitude up to 1.14 × 106 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is much larger than that of graphene.
A shape memory polyurethane based ionic polymer–carbon nanotube composite
Authors: Lian Huiqin , Chang Wei , Liang Qian , Hu Chufeng , Wang Rui , Zu Lei , Liu Yang
Published: September 2017

The blocking force of 25% GO–IPU is 5 times that of neat IPU.
Preparation and microwave absorbing property of carbon fiber/polyurethane radar absorbing coating
Authors: Liu Zhao-hui , Tao Rui , Luo Ping , Shu Xin , Ban Guo-dong
Published: September 2017

To broaden the effective absorbing bandwidth, a multi-layer carbon fiber/polyurethane radar absorbing coating is prepared with carbon fiber as filler and polyurethane as matrix and the polyurethane coating as wave-transmitting layer.
Is nano ZrO2 a better photocatalyst than nano TiO2 for degradation of plastics?
Authors: Bandara W. R. L. Nisansala , de Silva Rohini M. , de Silva K. M. Nalin , Dahanayake Damayanthi , Gunasekara Sunanda , Thanabalasingam Kulatheepan
Published: September 2017

The environmental accumulation of plastic is a huge problem due to its low degradability.
Orientation-dependent induced-charge electrophoresis of magnetic metal-coated Janus particles with different coating thicknesses
Authors: Lin Chia-Hsien , Chen Yu-Liang , Jiang Hong-Ren
Published: September 2017

The ICEP behavior of the metal-coated Janus particle is dominated by the thickness of its metallic coating and its orientation.
Adding a solvophilic comonomer to the polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymer and homopolymer: a cooperative strategy for preparing large compound vesicles
Authors: Huang Chundong , Tan Jianbo , Xu Qin , He Jun , Li Xueliang , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Li
Published: September 2017

We report a RAFT dispersion polymerization of styrene and 4-vinylpyridine in methanol/water at 70 °C. The polymerization was mediated by a binary mixture of DDMAT and mPEG45-DDMAT.
Synthesis of anatase TiO2 with exposed (100) facets and enhanced electrorheological activity
Authors: He Kai , Wen Qingkun , Wang Chengwei , Wang Baoxiang , Yu Shoushan , Hao Chuncheng , Chen Kezheng
Published: September 2017

Tetragonal-facet-rod anatase TiO2 with (100) facets was synthesized via a solvothermal method, which exhibits smart electrorheological behavior under an external electric field.
Inorganic acid-derived hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks to form nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tang Yunqi , Yuan Meng , Jiang Baojiang , Xiao Yuting , Fu Yu , Chen Shuai , Deng Zhaopeng , Pan Qingjiang , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang
Published: September 2017

The nitrogen rich carbon nitrides from inorganic acid-derived HOF-liked precursors, which exhibit enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Vanadium trioxide@carbon nanosheet array-based ultrathin flexible symmetric hydrogel supercapacitors with 2 V voltage and high volumetric energy density
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Li Ruizhi , Xu Pan , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping
Published: September 2017

A V2O3@C nanosheet array is used as both the cathode and the anode to construct a symmetric ultrathin flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitor.
Reconfigurable photonic dual‐frequency phase‐coded signals generator by using optical carrier phase shifting and polarisation selection
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhao Shanghong , Zhu Zihang , Qu Kun , Lin Tao , Hu Dapeng
Published: September 2017

A novel photonic dual‐frequency phase‐coded signals generator based on the optical carrier phase shifting and polarisation selection techniques is proposed by using an integrated dual‐polarisation quadrature phase shift keying (DP‐QPSK) modulator. The key feature of the scheme is the capability to generate dual‐frequency phase‐coded signals with reconfigurable frequency multiplication factors. In the upper QPSK modulator, an optical binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signal and a carrier‐suppressed double‐sideband optical signal are generated, while in the bottom QPSK modulator, another carrier‐suppressed double‐sideband optical signal is generated. Thanks to the dual‐polarisation property of the integrated modulator, the optical BPSK signal and different optical sidebands can be selected by using polarisation selection. As a result, two phase‐coded signals with different frequencies can be achieved simultaneously. By adjusting the bias phases of the submodulators, dual‐frequency phase‐coded signals with frequencies of one and three, or two and four times the frequency of the RF carrier can be generated. The generation of 2.5 Gbps dual‐frequency phase‐coded signals with frequencies of 20 and 40 GHz, or 10 and 30 GHz are verified. The proposed scheme is simple, compact, and promising to find applications in future multi‐band and multi‐functional radars.
Automated reliability assessment for spectroscopic redshift measurements
Authors: Jamal S. , Le Brun V. , Le Fèvre O. , Vibert D. , Schmitt A. , Surace C. , Copin Y. , Garilli B. , Moresco M. , Pozzetti L.
Published: September 2017

Context.Future large-scale surveys, such as the ESAEuclidmission, will produce a large set of galaxy redshifts (≥106) that will require fully automated data-processing pipelines to analyze the data, extract crucial information and ensure that all requirements are met. A fundamental element in these pipelines is to associate to each galaxy redshift measurement a quality, or reliability, estimate.

Aim.In this work, we introduce a new approach to automate the spectroscopic redshift reliability assessment based on machine learning (ML) and characteristics of the redshift probability density function.

Methods.We propose to rephrase the spectroscopic redshift estimation into a Bayesian framework, in order to incorporate all sources of information and uncertainties related to the redshift estimation process and produce a redshift posterior probability density function (PDF). To automate the assessment of a reliability flag, we exploit key features in the redshift posterior PDF and machine learning algorithms.

Results.As a working example, public data from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey is exploited to present and test this new methodology. We first tried to reproduce the existing reliability flags using supervised classification in order to describe different types of redshift PDFs, but due to the subjective definition of these flags (classification accuracy ~58%), we soon opted for a new homogeneous partitioning of the data into distinct clusters via unsupervised classification. After assessing the accuracy of the new clusters via resubstitution and test predictions (classification accuracy ~98%), we projected unlabeled data from preliminary mock simulations for theEuclidspace mission into this mapping to predict their redshift reliability labels.

Conclusions.Through the development of a methodology in which a system can build its own experience to assess the quality of a parameter, we are able to set a preliminary basis of an automated reliability assessment for spectroscopic redshift measurements. This newly-defined method is very promising for next-generation large spectroscopic surveys from the ground and in space, such asEuclidand WFIRST.
Close Examination of the Bar Removal Procedure: The Surgeons' Voice
Authors: Ardigo Laura , Bellia-Munzon Gaston , Martinez-Ferro Marcelo , Alvarez-Garcia Natalia
Published: September 2017

Introduction Complications of the Nuss procedure are well known. However, publications about intraoperative and postoperative complications of the bar removal procedure (BRP) are scarce. Are they uncommon, unknown, or underreported? Are we ready to face them?

Objective This study aims to explore the profile of complications of the BRP, risk perception, and preventive actions undertaken by the Chest Wall International Group (CWIG) surgeons.

Materials and Methods A 14-question online survey was posted to the members of the CWIG from February 1 to 28, 2016. A qualifying question was setup to ensure respondents performed Nuss' procedure/variations. Overall, 96.5% of respondents (n = 116) qualified.

Results Despite being experts in the field of chest wall surgery 62.5% of respondents had performed ≤ 100 BRP and only 37.5% ≥ 100 BRP. Intraoperative complications: Severe bleeding from the bar tunnel was experienced at least one time by 28% of respondents and other serious complications, even death, were reported by 12%. Major surgical maneuvers to treat complications (sternotomy, thoracotomy, life-support maneuvers) were implemented by 62% of the surgeons who had experienced acute complications. Postoperative complications: Overall they were experienced at least once by 73.5% of surgeons. Wound seroma was the most cited complication (42%), followed by pneumothorax (27.5%). Surprisingly, one in every four surgeons acknowledged not requesting a routine chest X-ray before patient discharge. Complications versus experience: The report of acute complications increased with cumulative experience: Close to 50% for surgeons with < 100 BRP and as high as 100% for surgeons with > 1,000 BRP. Prevention of complications: Although 64% of surgeons defined the BRP as of intermediate/high risk, most of them (61%) do not prepare the operating room accordingly (availability of blood products, cardiac surgical backup, and perfusionist support).

Conclusion BRP complications are being underestimated and underreported. Publications do not reflect the real spectrum of complications, which includes life-threatening conditions, even death. Preoperative planning and preparation of the operating room should not be disregarded.
Trimodale Therapie des NSCLC im Stadium IIIA-B mittels neoadjuvanter Hochdosisradiochemotherapie. Stellt die Operation eine sinnvolle Option dar?
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Ludwig Corinna , Engel-Riedel Walburga , Hammer-Helmig Michaela , Stoelben Erich
Published: September 2017

Einführung Nicht kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (engl. non-small cell lung cancer = NSCLC) im Stadium III und ihre mögliche multimodale Therapie stellen eine Herausforderung für die behandelnden Onkologen, Thoraxchirurgen und Strahlentherapeuten dar. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Analyse und Evaluation des Therapiealgorithmus unserer Klinik bei Patienten mit NSCLC im Stadium III (intention to treat). Es sollte ermittelt werden, ob sich ein aggressives Therapieregime mit primärer trimodaler Therapie (Hochdosisradiochemotherapie und Resektion) unabhängig von einem „multilevel“-N2- oder „single-level“-N3-Status: Diese Resultate wurden anschließend mit einem historischen Kollektiv unserer Patienten verglichen, die eine alleinige simultane Radio-/Chemotherapie erhielten (= bimodale Therapie).

Material und Methoden 156 Patienten wurden in dem Erhebungszeitraum mit einem NSCLC Stadium III diagnostiziert und einer trimodalen Therapie zugeführt. Das mediane Alter war 71 Jahre, 103 Patienten (60%) waren männlich, 53 (34%) waren weiblich. In der Gruppe mit bimodaler Therapie konnten 102 Patienten ausgewertet werden.

Ergebnisse Nach radiologischem Restaging und Überprüfung der funktionellen Resektabilität konnten 90 Patienten (57,7%) aus der trimodalen Therapiegruppe einer sekundären Resektion zugeführt werden. Hierbei wurden 37 (41,1%) Lobektomien/Bilobektomien, 37 (41,1%) Sleeve-Lobektomien, 13 (14,4%) Pneumonektomien und 3 (3,3%) Segmentektomien (bei schwerer lungenfunktioneller Einschränkung) durchgeführt. Das mediane Überleben in der trimodalen Therapiegruppe betrug 535 Tage, in der bimodalen Therapiegruppe hingegen 388 Tage, der Unterschied war statistisch nicht signifikant (p = 0,1377). Abschließend wurde eine Analyse der 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach tatsächlicher Therapie durchgeführt („as-treated trimodally“ vs. „as-treated bimodally“). Hier betrug das mediane Überleben 807 Tage für Patienten, die eine trimodale Therapie erhielten, 427 Tage für Patienten die eine bimodale Therapie erhielten.

Schlussfolgerung Eine hochdosierte neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie gefolgt von einer sekundären Resektion stellt weiterhin eine wertvolle Option für selektionierte Patienten in der Behandlung des NSCLC im Stadium III dar. Diese retrospektive Analyse konnte jedoch einen statistisch signifikanten Überlebensvorteil für die „intention-to-treat-trimodally“-Patienten nicht nachweisen.
Die Bedeutung der Chirurgie beim oligometastatischen und oligoprogressiven nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Schmid Severin , Passlick Bernward
Published: September 2017

Das bessere Verständnis der Tumorbiologie sowie die neuen Therapien beim nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom haben zu einer weiteren Differenzierung der Therapie auch der metastasierten Erkrankung geführt. Der Begriff des oligometastatischen Lungenkarzinoms beschreibt vergleichsweise gutartige Verläufe mit nur wenigen, häufig auf ein Organsystem beschränkten Metastasen. Zum Erreichen eines optimalen Behandlungsergebnisses für jede charakteristische Ausprägung bzw. Tumorbiologie muss ein adäquater Therapieansatz unter Einbeziehung der verschiedenen Therapiemodalitäten gefunden werden. In diesem Rahmen gewinnt die Chirurgie auch in kurativen Konzepten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Analog zum oligometastatischen Lungenkarzinom wurde der Begriff der oligoprogressiven Erkrankung geprägt. Dieser resultierte insbesondere aus den Beobachtungen des Krankheitsverlaufs bei Lungenkarzinomen, die eine der gängigen Treibermutationen, wie die ALK-Fusion oder die EGFR-Mutation, aufweisen. In einigen Fällen findet sich hier eine auf wenige Herde begrenzte Progression der metastasierten Erkrankung bei sonst stabilem Befund. Bisherige Studien zeigen sowohl beim oligometastatischen als auch beim oligoprogressiven Lungenkarzinom bei entsprechend selektionierten Patienten ermutigende Ergebnisse, mit z. T. deutlichem Überlebensvorteil durch ein aggressives chirurgisches Vorgehen in Kombination mit der üblicherweise durchgeführten Systemtherapie. Zu klären bleibt jedoch, ob der beobachtete Überlebensvorteil lediglich aufgrund der günstigeren Tumorbiologie bei den ausgewählten Patienten oder aber aufgrund der gewählten Therapien zustande kommt. Zudem bedarf es in Zukunft exakterer Marker zur Identifikation geeigneter Patientenkollektive.
Aufklärung bei Ästhetischen Operationen – was man wissen
muss
Authors: Bichler Christian , Würfel Martin
Published: September 2017

Besondere Bedeutung gewinnt eine ordnungsgemäße Aufklärung vor dem Hintergrund,
dass nahezu jeder ärztliche Eingriff eine strafrechtlich relevante
Körperverletzung darstellt, die der Rechtfertigung bedarf. Daher muss der
Patient zunächst darüber informiert werden, worin er überhaupt einwilligt. Bei
nicht medizinisch indizierten plastischen Eingriffe ist eine besonders intensive
Aufklärung erforderlich. Man spricht hierbei von einer „schonungslosen“
Aufklärung.
Prävalenz, Ursachen und Therapiemöglichkeiten von pathologischen Kiefergelenkbefunden im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter – ein Update
Authors: Jung Britta , Heekeren Daniel , Tornier Alexandra
Published: September 2017

Pathologische Kiefergelenkbefunde im Sinne einer kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) können grundsätzlich in jedem Lebensalter auftreten. Aus dem CMD-Spektrum greift der Beitrag Schwerpunkte heraus, beleuchtet Häufigkeit und mögliche Ursachen und zeigt befundabhängig verschiedene Möglichkeiten und Apparaturen zur Therapie.

Der vorliegende Artikel basiert auf dem wissenschaftlichen Beitrag „Pathologische Kiefergelenksbefunde im Kindes- und Jugendalter“ aus dem Jahr 2015 1. Er hat das Ziel Prävalenzen und Ursachen nicht nur im Kindesalter, sondern auch im Erwachsenenalter sowie diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Literaturdaten aufzuzeigen.
Juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (JIA) und das Kiefergelenk – Ein Update
Authors: Bechtold Till , Magunia Ines , Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin , Koos Bernd
Published: September 2017

Die juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (JIA), als häufigste rheumatische Erkrankung im Kindesalter, ist vielfach durch eine mögliche Kiefergelenkbeteiligung für das Fachgebiet der Kieferorthopädie relevant. Eine Kiefergelenkarthritis kann – wie nachfolgend ausgeführt – mitunter negativen Einfluss auf die orofaziale Entwicklung und Ausbildung von kraniofazialen Anomalien haben. Eine frühzeitige Erstdiagnose kann die Qualität des Behandlungsergebnisses deutlich begünstigen. Die in diesem Update zur JIA im Weiteren vorgestellten Empfehlungen fassen die interdisziplinären Arbeiten der internationalen Expertengruppe euroTMjoint der letzten Jahre zusammen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei auch die erstmalige internationale und interdisziplinäre Konsensusempfehlung für die orofaziale Untersuchung und Überwachung von Patienten mit JIA zur Vereinheitlichung klinischer und wissenschaftlicher Parameter sowie Früherkennung einer Kiefergelenkbeteiligung.

Neben der Kieferorthopädie umfasst die Therapie der JIA weitere Säulen, wie die medikamentöse Therapie durch Kinderrheumatologen, Physiotherapie, psychosoziale Begleitung sowie weitere Therapieverfahren. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit ist hier notwendig.
Implementation evidenzbasierter Präventionsprogramme für Essstörungen: PriMa und Torera im Schulalltag
Authors: Adametz Luise , Richter Felicitas , Mühleck Julia , Wick Katharina , Strauß Bernhard , Berger Uwe
Published: September 2017

Hintergrund Obwohl eine Reihe effektiver Präventionsstrategien für Essstörungen existieren, bleiben die Prävalenzzahlen konstant. Es ist somit von einer Lücke zwischen Forschung und Praxis auszugehen, die sich darin äußert, dass wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse nicht in vollem Umfang zur Versorgung von Risikogruppen genutzt werden. Die schulbasierten Programme PriMa und Torera zur Primärprävention von Essstörungen werden seit 2004 an Thüringer Schulen durchgeführt. Eine aktuelle Befragung gibt Auskunft über Barrieren und Chancen für eine langfristige Implementation in den Schulalltag.

Fragestellung und Methode Unter Verwendung des „Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research“ werden Faktoren diskutiert, die Einfluss auf den Implementationsprozess nehmen.

Ergebnisse Besonders hinderlich für eine langfristige Implementation erscheinen fehlende feste Rahmenbedingungen für die Präventionsdurchführung, Mitarbeiterfluktuation und mangelnde finanzielle Unterstützung durch politische Entscheidungsträger. Lösungsansätze umfassen die Schaffung zeitlicher Möglichkeiten im Lehrplan, den Einsatz von Präventionsverantwortlichen sowie die stärkere Vernetzung aller Präventionsbeteiligter mit regelmäßigen Weiterbildungen.

Diskussion Gemäß den Richtlinien der Society for Prevention Research, bildet die Diskussion implementationsrelevanter Faktoren den letzten Bestandteil einer umfassenden Programmevaluation. Sie verdeutlicht die Schwierigkeiten der Integration evidenzbasierter, praxisbewährter Präventionsprogramme in den Schulalltag. Damit stellt sich nicht zuletzt die Frage, wie viele Ressourcen noch in die Entwicklung von Präventionsprogrammen investiert werden sollen, bevor Strukturen geschaffen werden, die eine langfristige Durchführung ermöglichen, um bedeutsamen Einfluss auf die Zielgruppen zu nehmen.
Kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen haben keinen Einfluss auf Kiefergelenkstörungen
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Stellini Edoardo , Gracco Antonio , Lombardo Luca , Nardini Luca , Siciliani Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

Zielsetzung Untersuchung, ob Patienten mit diagnostizierten Kiefergelenkstörungen (TMDs) vergleichbar häufig eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung in der Anamnese haben, wie Personen ohne TMDs und Untersuchung, ob Patienten mit idealer kieferorthopädischer Behandlung in der Vorgeschichte weniger häufig Symptome zeigen als Patienten mit einer nicht idealen Therapie.

Material und Methoden Es wurden 2 Gruppen zusammengestellt, eine Studien- bzw. TMD-Gruppe und eine Kontrollgruppe, mit gleicher Alters- und Geschlechtszusammensetzung. Bei den Patienten mit einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung in der Anamnese wurde anhand normaler Werte bei 5 Okklusionsparametern zwischen einer idealen und einer nicht idealen kieferorthopädischen Behandlung unterschieden.

Ergebnisse In Bezug auf eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung in der Anamnese ergab sich keine klinisch signifikante Korrelation mit den einzelnen Kiefergelenkstörungen (Muskelschmerzen, Gelenkschmerzen, Diskusverlagerung, Arthrosen), wobei der Wert für den Koeffizienten Phi (Θ) zwischen 0,120 und 0,058 lag. Bei den Patienten mit einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung in der Anamnese war die Korrelation mit ideal oder nicht ideal verlaufener Behandlung im Allgemeinen klinisch nicht oder nur sehr schwach relevant.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie bestätigen, dass kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen keine klinisch signifikanten Auswirkungen auf Kiefergelenkstörungen haben. Die sehr niedrigen Werte für eine Korrelation zwischen einer oder keiner kieferorthopädischen Behandlung in der Anamnese mit idealen oder nicht idealen Ergebnissen und den unterschiedlichen Kiefergelenkstörungen lassen darauf schließen, dass eine kieferorthopädische Behandlung bei der Entstehung von Kiefergelenkstörungen keine Rolle spielen kann.
Raman spectroscopy mapping of Si (001) surface strain induced by Ni patterned micro arrays
Authors: Rodríguez-Aranda F. J. , Méndez-Lozoya J. , González F. J. , Rodríguez A. G.
Published: September 2017

Patterned arrays of nickel microstructures were fabricated by electron beam lithography and DC sputtering on the surface of Si (001) substrates. Influence of the micro-arrays on the Si substrate surface was evaluated using polarized micro-Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra maps were taken in two configurations z¯(xx)z and z¯(yy)z for arrays of 18.5 μm × 15.5 μm. The Si longitudinal optical (LO) phonon shifted to lower vibrational frequencies by 5 cm−1 in regions near to the vicinities of the Ni micro structures. From the deformation elastic theory, it is found that this frequency shift is explained by an in-plane tensile stress induced by the Ni micro arrays producing a strain of 1.4%.
Interlayer shear behaviors of graphene-carbon nanotube network
Authors: Qin Huasong , Liu Yilun
Published: September 2017

The interlayer shear resistance plays an important role in graphene related applications, and different mechanisms have been proposed to enhance its interlayer load capacity. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and theoretical analysis to study interlayer shear behaviors of three dimensional graphene-carbon (3D-GC) nanotube networks. The shear mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) crosslink with different diameters are obtained which is one order of magnitude larger than that of other types of crosslinks. Under shear loading, 3D-GC exhibits two failure modes, i.e., fracture of graphene sheet and failure of CNT crosslink, determined by the diameter of CNT crosslink, crosslink density, and length of 3D-GC. A modified tension-shear chain model is proposed to predict the shear mechanical properties and failure mode of 3D-GC, which agrees well with MD simulation results. The results presented in this work may provide useful insights for future development of high-performance 3D-GC materials.
An in situ tribometer for measuring friction and wear of polymers in a high pressure hydrogen environment
Authors: Duranty Edward R. , Roosendaal Timothy J. , Pitman Stan G. , Tucker Joseph C. , Owsley Stanley L. , Suter Jonathan D. , Alvine Kyle J.
Published: September 2017

High pressure hydrogen effects on the friction and wear of polymers are of importance to myriad applications. Of special concern are those used in the infrastructure for hydrogen vehicle refueling stations, including compressor sliding seals, valves, and actuators. While much is known about potentially damaging embrittlement effects of hydrogen on metals, relatively little is known about the effects of high pressure hydrogen on polymers. However, based on the limited results that are published in the literature, polymers also apparently exhibit compatibility issues with hydrogen. An additional study is needed to elucidate these effects to avoid incompatibilities either through design or material selection. As part of this effort, we present here in situ high pressure hydrogen studies of the friction and wear on example polymers. To this end, we have built and demonstrated a custom-built pin-on-flat linear reciprocating tribometer and demonstrated its use with in situ studies of friction and wear behavior of nitrile butadiene rubber polymer samples in 28 MPa hydrogen. Tribology results indicate that friction and wear is increased in high pressure hydrogen as compared both with values measured in high pressure argon and ambient air conditions.
Nonlinear optics in germanium mid-infrared fiber material: Detuning oscillations in femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ordu M. , Guo J. , Ng Pack G. , Shah P. , Ramachandran S. , Hong M. K. , Ziegler L. D. , Basu S. N. , Erramilli S.
Published: September 2017

Germanium optical fibers hold great promise in extending semiconductor photonics into the fundamentally important mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The demonstration of nonlinear response in fabricated Ge fiber samples is a key step in the development of mid-infrared fiber materials. Here we report the observation of detuning oscillations in a germanium fiber in the mid-infrared region using femtosecond dispersed pump-probe spectroscopy. Detuning oscillations are observed in the frequency-resolved response when mid-infrared pump and probe pulses are overlapped in a fiber segment. The oscillations arise from the nonlinear frequency resolved nonlinear (χ(3)) response in the germanium semiconductor. Our work represents the first observation of coherent oscillations in the emerging field of germanium mid-infrared fiber optics.
Mode-selective control of thermal Brownian vibration of micro-resonator (Generation of a thermal no-equilibrium state by mechanical feedback control)
Authors: Kawamura Y. , Kanegae R.
Published: September 2017

Recently, there have been various attempts to dampen the vibration amplitude of the Brownian motion of a microresonator below the thermal vibration amplitude, with the goal of reaching the quantum ground vibration level. To further develop the approach of reaching the quantum ground state, it is essential to clarify whether or not coupling exists between the different vibration modes of the resonator. In this paper, the mode-selective control of thermal Brownian vibration is shown. The first and the second vibration modes of a micro-cantilever moved by a random Brownian motion are cooled selectively and independently below the thermal vibration amplitude, as determined by the statistical thermodynamic theory, using a mechanical feedback control method. This experimental result shows that the thermal no-equilibrium condition was generated by mechanical feedback control.
Previously overlooked locality of energy transfer in compressible magnetohydrodynamics revealed
Authors: Kim Mark H.
Published: September 2017

Researchers capture plasma compressibility with new cross-scale turbulent transfer functions for turbulent kinetic and magnetic energy exchange.
Tedera proves its value as a summer and autumn feed for sheep in Mediterranean-like climates
Authors: Real D. , Oldham C. M. , van Burgel A. , Dobbe E. , Hardy J.
Published: September 2017

Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa C.H Stirt. vars. albomarginata and crassiuscula) is a traditional forage species for goats in the Canary Islands, Spain. It has agronomic characteristics ideally suited to Mediterranean-like climates that allows it to provide high quality green forage for grazing animals during summer and autumn. It can be used to extend the growing season into late spring and early summer and/or to reduce or eliminate the need for expensive hand feeding of grain and hay to sheep to fill the ‘feed gap’ during the dry season in southern Australian farming systems. Three sheep grazing experiments were carried out with the objective to evaluate sheep production during summer and autumn with tedera as the sole diet. A 3-ha site at Dandaragan, Western Australia was grazed during the summer and autumn of 2014–2015 and 2016 and a 2.4-ha site was grazed at Kojonup, Western Australia during the same period in 2016. At each site, two grazing treatments were evaluated, continuous grazing and rotational grazing with six plots (14 days of grazing and 70 days of recovery). The first hypothesis tested was that tedera plants would not survive continuous grazing during summer and autumn. The second hypothesis tested was that without hand feeding, 10 dry sheep equivalents/ha would be able to at least maintain weight and condition score during summer and autumn. The third hypothesis tested was that rotational grazing would improve the production of the sheep (liveweight and condition score) compared with continuous grazing. The first hypothesis was rejected, the population of tedera plants did not significantly decline due to being continuously grazed during summer and autumn. The second hypothesis was confirmed, at the three experimental sites, 10 dry sheep equivalents/ha were able to at least maintain weight and condition score without any hand feeding. The third hypothesis was partially rejected; continuous grazing had a better performance of the sheep than rotational grazing. However, the rotational grazing plots had more tedera on offer in the remaining grazing plots in the rotation with the potential for a longer grazing time. These three experiments clearly demonstrate that tedera can be used to reduce or eliminate expensive hand feeding during summer and autumn using the simplest and least expensive grazing management; continuous grazing.
Carcass lean-yield effects on the fatty acid and amino acid composition of Duroc pork and its technological quality after vacuum-aging
Authors: Álvarez-Rodríguez J. , Ros-Freixedes R. , Gol S. , Henríquez-Rodríguez E. , Pena R. N. , Bosch L. , Estany J. , Vilaró F. , Tor M.
Published: September 2017

Eighty purebred Duroc castrated male pigs slaughtered at 210 days of age were used to evaluate the effect of lean yield (European Union carcass grading based on lean content; or R, O and P classes) on the fatty acid and amino acid composition of raw pork (Day 1 post-mortem), and technological meat quality after vacuum aging up to 4, 6 and 8 days. A strong relationship between slaughter weight and carcass lean-yield was observed. Carcasses graded as having a lower lean yield were fatter with higher intramuscular fat concentration, and differences in proportions of fatty acids with increased monounsaturated fatty acid and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage, but without adverse effect on ultimate pH, drip loss or colour attributes. There were no effects of carcass lean-yield on amino acid composition of raw pork, with valine being the limiting amino acid relative to lysine by ~30–35%. Vacuum aging did not reduce the shear force of raw pork, which may not be indicative of cooked pork response. The lipid oxidation had an inverse relationship with the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of each pork class, and it did not increase due to vacuum aging up to 8 days. Meat fatness did not affect its amino acid balance and technological quality (colour, drip loss, shear force and lipid stability) but modified intramuscular fat composition.
Jung on the moment of identity and its loss as history
Authors: Dourley John
Published: September 2017

Jung understands Eckhart’s religious experience to culminate in a point of unqualified identity between ego and unconscious, and so, effectively, between the divine and the human. This identity occurs in an undifferentiated pool of infinite energy, prime matter, whose archetypal differentiation becomes the substance of history as the numinous manifests in religion and its secular equivalents. The dynamic of history becomes the repeated emanation of consciousness from and its return to its source. Effectively Jung is affirming the eternity of matter as potential and so as energy. In two accounts of the history of religion Jung suggests the current emergence of a surpassing myth of humanity and divinity as mutual creators engaged in reciprocal redemption as the meaning of history itself. Jung’s revisionary perspective reveals the danger to the species of the monomind, religious or political, as a premature and truncated claim to the exhaustion of archetypal manifestation. It extends the sacred to every existent as an expression of its origin/ground. It presents the hope of a more encompassing sympathy based on the recognition of the commonality of origin of personal and collective faiths and their constant need to transcend parochial claims to exhaustive finality.
A node organization in the actomyosin contractile ring generates tension and aids stability
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sathish , Wang Shuyuan , O’Shaughnessy Ben
Published: September 2017

During cytokinesis, a contractile actomyosin ring constricts and divides the cell in two. How the ring marshals actomyosin forces to generate tension is not settled. Recently, a superresolution microscopy study of the fission yeast ring revealed that myosins and formins that nucleate actin filaments colocalize in plasma membrane-anchored complexes called nodes in the constricting ring. The nodes move bidirectionally around the ring. Here we construct and analyze a coarse-grained mathematical model of the fission yeast ring to explore essential consequences of the recently discovered ring ultrastructure. The model reproduces experimentally measured values of ring tension, explains why nodes move bidirectionally, and shows that tension is generated by myosin pulling on barbed-end-anchored actin filaments in a stochastic sliding-filament mechanism. This mechanism is not based on an ordered sarcomeric organization. We show that the ring is vulnerable to intrinsic contractile instabilities, and protection from these instabilities and organizational homeostasis require both component turnover and anchoring of components to the plasma membrane.
Introduction and history
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T.
Published: September 2017

Thinking is the essence of what it means to be human and defines us more than anything else as a species. The remarkable success of humans, far ahead of all other animals, is based on our unique powers of thought. By thinking, and especially by reasoning to a purpose, we can exercise all the formidable powers of human intelligence. ‘Introduction and history’ considers how philosophers, and more recently psychologists, have studied thought over time. It explains the three main forms of reasoning distinguished by philosophers: deduction, induction, and abduction. It goes on to discuss behaviourism and cognitive psychology, and asks what is thinking as viewed by a modern cognitive psychologist?
Reasoning
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T.
Published: September 2017

‘Reasoning’ considers deductive reasoning, where we can draw conclusions from assumptions that necessarily follow, and statistical inference, in which we infer probabilities from other probabilities. Deductive reasoning and statistical inference have much in common. First, both present problems where you are given some information and asked to draw an inference. Second, each has a normative theory—a set of rules that tells us which conclusions are right and which are wrong. In the case of deductive reasoning the normative theory is logic, and for statistical inference it is probability theory. Third, each field shows that many of the answers given by individuals are wrong by these norms, fuelling a debate about human rationality.
Characterization of Phytophthora nicotianae Resistance Conferred by the Introgressed Nicotiana rustica Region, Wz, in Flue-Cured Tobacco
Authors: McCorkle Kestrel L. , Drake-Stowe Katherine , Lewis Ramsey S. , Shew David
Published: September 2017

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most important diseases affecting tobacco worldwide and is primarily managed through use of host resistance. An additional source of resistance to P. nicotianae, designated as Wz, has been introgressed into Nicotiana tabacum from N. rustica. The Wz gene region confers high levels of resistance to all races, but has not been characterized. Our study found Wz-mediated resistance is most highly expressed in the roots, with only a slight reduction in stem-lesion size in Wz genotypes compared with susceptible controls. No substantial relationships were observed between initial inoculum levels and disease development on Wz genotypes, which is generally consistent with qualitative or complete resistance. Isolates of P. nicotianae adapted for five host generations on plants with the Wz gene caused higher disease severity than isolates adapted on Wz plants for only one host generation. Wz-adapted isolates did not exhibit increased aggressiveness on genotypes with other sources of partial resistance, suggesting pathogen adaptation was specific to the Wz gene. To reduce potential for pathogen population shifts with virulence on Wz genotypes, Wz should be combined with other resistance sources and rotation of varying black shank resistance mechanisms is also recommended.
Comparing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Wysocki Christian A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has long been thought of primarily as a pediatric disease. However, this syndrome may occur secondary to underlying malignancies, infections, and autoimmune diseases, in adult patients. Here, we seek to highlight similarities and differences between pediatric and adult HLH, knowledge gaps, and areas of active research.

Recent findings

Malignancy is a more frequent driver of HLH in adults, present in nearly half. Prognosis is poor as compared with nonmalignant HLH. Prognosis in adults is generally worse than pediatric patients, suggesting that age and other comorbid illnesses not surprisingly affect the outcome of HLH. Diagnostic and treatment approaches are more variable in adults, likely contributing to poorer outcomes. The frequency of mutations in HLH-causing genes is higher than had been anticipated in adults, although with a higher frequency of uniallelic and hypomorphic mutations than in children.

Optimizing diagnostic criteria for earlier detection may benefit both children and adults. Standardizing treatment approaches in adults will be more difficult because of the variability in triggering illnesses, but a more standardized or algorithmic approach will likely be beneficial. More research into the role of uniallelic and hypomorphic mutations in adults is necessary, to understand treatment and prognostic implications.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT OF MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN EAST-ASIAN PATIENTS FROM THE RADIANCE STUDY
Authors: Tan Nikolle W. , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko , Koh Hyoung J. , Nagai Yoshimi , Pedros Montse , Freitas Rita L. , Macfadden Wayne , Lai Timothy Y.
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) in clinical practice.

Methods:

Noninterventional, retrospective cohort study of East-Asian patients previously treated with ranibizumab during the RADIANCE trial. Forty-one patients who completed the RADIANCE trial were followed-up for up to 48 months (post-RADIANCE observation period). Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity changes from baseline (assessed at RADIANCE trial initiation), mCNV recurrences, and ocular adverse events.

Results:

Mean visual gain from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (56.5 ± 12.1 letters) (20/80) was significant at 12 months (+14.3 ± 11.4 letters, n = 40,P< 0.0001), 24 months (+10.4 ± 22.3 letters, n = 31,P= 0.0143), 30 months (+11.0 ± 22.4 letters, n = 29,P= 0.0134), 42 months (+12.9 ± 20.9 letters, n = 25,P= 0.0051), and 48 months (+16.3 ± 18.7, n = 16,P= 0.0034). Of the 16 patients who completed 48 months of follow-up, 63% gained ≥10 letters and 13% lost ≥10 letters. Over the post-RADIANCE observation period, 83% of patients required no further treatment for mCNV, 10% experienced mCNV recurrences, and 12% experienced a nonserious ocular adverse event. Patients who required additional treatment for mCNV received a mean of 5.0 (SD 5.9, range 1.0–18.0) ranibizumab injections.

Conclusion:

Best-corrected visual acuity gained at the end of the RADIANCE trial was sustained over additional 36 months of follow-up. Few patients required further treatment and no new safety concerns were observed.
Screening for Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Cirrhotic Patients Using Technetium 99m-macroaggregated Albumin Perfusion Lung Scan (Tc-MAA)
Authors: Fragaki Maria , Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra , Samonakis Dimitrios N. , Koulentaki Mairi , Koukouraki Sofia , Stathaki Maria , Kouroumalis Elias
Published: September 2017

Background and Aims:

The aims of this study were to prospectively screen cirrhotic patients with arterial blood gas test and albumin perfusion scan, identify those fulfilling the classic hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) criteria, correlate with clinical parameters, and evaluate the survival of patients with HPS compared with those without HPS in a genetically homogenous Cretan cirrhotic population.

Materials and Methods:

Data on consecutive 102 patients within 1 year were collected and analyzed. All patients underwent a technetium 99m-macroaggregated albumin perfusion lung scan (Tc-MAA). Diagnosis of HPS was based on the presence of the quantitative index Tc-MAA≥6% and a [P(A-a)O2]≥15 mm Hg (≥20 mm Hg for patients over >64 y).

Results:

In 94/102 patients, complete scintigraphic data were available. In total, 24 (26%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of HPS; 95.8% of them had mild-to-moderate HPS. In 8 patients the Tc-MAA scintigraphy could not be interpreted. There was no difference in HPS between decompensated (24.6%) and compensated cirrhosis (27.3%). In the multivariate analysis only the quantitative index was significant for the diagnosis of HPS (P=0.001, odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 7.05; 2.27-21.87). Kaplan- Meier survival curves indicated a similar overall prognosis for patients diagnosed with HPS (P=0.105).

Conclusions:

HPS is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Mild-to-moderate HPS has no significant effect on survival of cirrhotic patients. The quantitative Tc-MAA test is a reliable tool for diagnosis.