bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El choque de dos imaginarios geopolíticos en Bolivia. La “Guerra del Gas”
Authors: Garay Vera Cristian , Mendoza Pinto Juan E.
Published: September 2015

En el presente artículo se intentará dilucidar los aspectos más relevantes de los dos imaginarios geopolíticos presentes en el Estado de Bolivia, referentes a las regiones de Oriente y Occidente, que se mueven en parámetros históricos, sociales, económicos y políticos diferentes a lo largo del tiempo, que han motivado ciertos conflictos y enfrentamientos, los cuales fueron evidentes durante la llamada guerra del gas, entre el 2003 y 2005, durante la cual, los movimientos de ambas regiones – tanto el Occidente indigenista con fuerte presencia en movimientos sociales y sindicales con el Oriente marcado por el discurso regionalista del gas - demostraron sus diferencias, las que provocaron la caída de gobiernos sucesivos, primero de Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y luego de Carlos Mesa Gisbert, las cuales llevaron al ascenso al poder de Evo Morales, quien hasta el día de hoy ocupa la presidencia de Bolivia. Por ello, a través de las sucesivas páginas será necesario comprender los códigos geopolíticos que mueven a ambos sectores, como también a sus líderes y las situaciones que influyeron en la toma de decisión de los principales actores de esta crisis donde los factores internos y externos fueron determinantes.
Deslocalización de la producción y la fuerza de trabajo: Bolivia - Argentina y las tendencias mundiales en la confección de indumentaria
Authors: Dinorah Salgado Paula
Published: September 2015

La industria de la confección de indumentaria ha reportado un notable crecimiento en la última década, acompañado de un aumento del trabajo altamente precarizado y carente de registro –laboral e impositivo-. Esta tendencia es resultado del desligamiento progresivo de la producción hacia talleres no registrados. Diversos factores explican esta coyuntura. El presente artículo analiza las transformaciones en la industria de la confección local en sintonía con los cambios que han operado a nivel mundial con el propósito de situar el caso argentino en el marco de las tendencias globales que ha seguido la industria de la indumentaria en las últimas décadas. Para ello se indaga la relación entre el desenvolvimiento del proceso productivo –fundamentalmente a partir de la desintegración vertical- y el incremento del empleo de migrantes –en su mayoría procedentes de Bolivia-indocumentados, con el crecimiento de las condiciones de trabajo extremadamente precarizadas.
Redefinición identitaria en migrantes transnacionales: el caso de los exiliados chilenos residentes en Vancouver, Canadá
Authors: Nahuelpan Sánchez Karla
Published: September 2015

La dictadura militar en Chile trajo consigo la migración forzada de miles de chilenos, provocando de esta manera la conformación de comunidades transnacionales chilenas en distintos países de acogida. Como efecto de esto se encuentra la redefinición identitaria de los exiliados, ya que al verse obligado a abandonar su país de origen buscan los medios para seguir relacionados con él, tales como la memoria y los símbolos, los cuales entran en contacto en diversos espacios sociales. El objetivo general del artículo es analizar la redefinición identitaria de migrantes transnacionales chilenos residentes en Vancouver, Canadá, en contexto de Dictadura Militar de Chile de 1973-1990. Se entenderá por transnacionalismo la relación que establece un grupo de migrantes con su lugar de origen, en el cual influyen distintos símbolos con los que se sienten identificados y que los orientan a representar su sentido de pertenencia. Siguiendo esta misma línea, identidad será entendida como una construcción subjetiva a través de símbolos y sociabilización, la que puede ir modificándose o readaptándose según las experiencias vividas.
Modelling and Numerics for Respiratory Aerosols
Authors: Boudin Laurent , Grandmont Céline , Lorz Alexander , Moussa Ayman
Published: September 2015

In this work, we present a model for an aerosol (air/particle mixture) in the respiratory system. It consists of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the air and the Vlasov equation for the particles in a fixed or moving domain, coupled through a drag force. We propose a discretization of the model, investigate stability properties of the numerical code and sensitivity to parameter perturbation. We also focus on the influence of the aerosol on the airflow.
On the Finite Differences Used in Reacting Flow Simulations
Authors: Prosser Robert
Published: September 2015

There exist many spatial discretization schemes that are well able to provide accurate and stable approximations for isothermal turbulent flows. Comparatively little analysis has been made of the performance of these schemes in the presence of temperature gradients driven by combustion. In this paper, the effects of temperature gradients on numerical stability are explored. A surprising result is that temperature gradients in the flow have a tendency to impinge on left half plane (LHP) stability of the spatial discretization scheme. Reasons for this tendency are explored and two remedies are proposed: one based on the particular class of finite difference schemes, and one based on an alternative method of boundary condition specification.
Introduction: Special Issue on Afro-Americanophilia in Germany
Authors: Ege Moritz , Hurley Andrew Wright
Published: September 2015

From a ‘provincial’ and (hopefully) self-aware European perspective, it is clear that cultural forms or practices that originated among African Americans have, beyond their value to African Americans themselves and people elsewhere, contributed tremendously to life on the European continent. Those contributions include everything from the political imaginaries of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, through philosophical thought, to literature, film, television, theatre, dance, sports, visual culture and everyday aesthetics. Most prominent, perhaps, have been forms of music—blues and jazz to r’n’b, rap, and hybrid electronic music forms—all of which have ‘furnished’ European listeners’ lives, whatever their so-called race. While deeply embedded racism can run through these processes of cultural flow, transfer, and appropriation, and numerous forms of exploitation are at work, in many cases there is also an ambiguous love for Black diasporic culture, at least according to the appropriating subjects’ view of themselves, which manifests itself in admiration, desire, a sense of affinity or connection, and sometimes in fantasies of ‘becoming black.’ This issue’s papers, which present case studies of what we will call Afro-Americanophilia, address the forms, ambiguities and politics involved in these cultural processes in 20th-century Germany.
Survey Essay 2. Periodizing and Historicizing German Afro-Americanophilia: From Counterculture to Post-soul (1968-2005)
Authors: Ege Moritz , Hurley Andrew
Published: September 2015

In our second periodizing essay, we begin with the ‘turning point’ of the late 1960s, when German Afro-Americanophilia modulated and intensified, and we then contemplate the rise of interest in the Black Diaspora amongst the new social movements, second-wave feminists, and Afro-German activists in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as various important moments in the German reception and re-contextualisation of African-American coded popular music such as disco (in the 1970s), and techno and hip-hop since the 1980s. We discuss the impact of migration and activism on heretofore unquestioned equivalences between Germanness and whiteness and contemplate the triangulation of desire within the reception and appropriation of U.S. hip-hop by diverse groups of young people in Germany.  We argue that Afro-Americanophile subject positions diversified and that, especially since the 1980s, some new dynamics have emerged that seem to leave behind ideas of racial ‘authenticity.’  Finally, we query what a timeframe-based overview may not address so well, namely the question of structural continuities in the patterns of twentieth-century Afro-Americanophilia in Germany.
'Rasse' und Gesellschaft. Ernest Bornemans Ethnografie des Jazz ('Race' and Society. Ernest Borneman's Ethnography of Jazz)
Authors: Siegfried Detlef
Published: September 2015

Der Artikel untersucht die Tätigkeit des deutschen Emigranten Ernest Borneman als Jazzkritiker. Der Autodidakt betrachtete den Jazz nicht als autonome Sphäre, als ästhetische Form, die von Individualgenies oder ‘Rassen’ geschaffen wurde, sondern führte ihn grundsätzlich auf die gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen seiner Entstehung zurück. Borneman argumentierte damit anti-essentialistisch, interessierte sich aber für die kulturellen Komponenten des Jazz, für die Verbindungen, die die in verschiedenen Kontexten entstandenen Kulturelemente unter jeweils konkreten Umständen eingingen. Dieses Interesse konstituierte seine ethnologische Perspektive auf einen Gegenstand, der, als er mit seinen Forschungen begann, noch kaum in den Blick der Wissenschaft gerückt war. In den 40er bis 60er Jahren war Borneman ein wichtiger Propagandist des Jazz auf beiden Seiten des Atlantik, der sich, u.a. als Kolumnist des „Melody Maker“, auch bei der Popularisierung des Blues, nach seiner Auffassung das „Herz“ des Jazz, in Großbritannien  verdient gemacht hat.  [This article examines the German emigrant Ernest Borneman’s activities as a jazz critic.  An autodidact, Borneman did not regard jazz at an autonomous sphere, as an aesthetic form that had been created by individual geniuses or ‘races,’ but rather he took the music back to the social circumstances of its origins.  In doing so, Borneman made an anti-essentialist argument, whilst taking an interest in the diverse cultural components of jazz, and in the connections concretely contributed by cultural elements that had arisen in diverse contexts. This interest constituted Borneman’s ethnographic perspective on an object that, at the time that he began his research, had scarcely been scientifically analysed. Between the 1940s and the 1960s, Borneman was an important propagandist of jazz on both sides of the Atlantic, who, as a columnist for Melody Makerand other papers, also contributed to the popularisation in the UK of the blues, something which for him was the ‘heart’ of jazz.]
Disability, human rights, and social justice: The ongoing struggle for online accessibility and equality
Authors: Jaeger Paul T.
Published: September 2015

This paper argues for a reconsideration of the arguments made for online equality for persons with disabilities, using the context of the United States as a primary lens through which to examine the issues. By linking the existing legal protections and professional standards for accessible design to structures and institutions of human rights and social justice from international to local levels, advocates for an accessible online environment will have new opportunities to establish online equality for persons with disabilities within the broader continuum of human rights and social justice. Framing and discussing accessibility as a human issue as much as a legal and technical issue may bring significant changes to the current relationships between disability and the Internet.
Auditing Web accessibility: The role of interest organizations in promoting compliance through certification
Authors: Giannoumis G. Anthony
Published: September 2015

Previous research on Web accessibility policy has focused on the application of anti-discrimination policies to the Web and has yet to explore fully, the mediators to policy implementation and compliance. Policy analyses and semi-structured interviews with 34 participants in the United Kingdom and United States demonstrate that interest organizations, including non-profit and for-profit organizations, support the implementation of anti-discrimination policies by providing audit and certification services. First, performance certification demonstrates the quality of a Web site, and interest organizations have developed certification initiatives based on international performance standards developed by the private sector. Second, professional certification demonstrates the quality of an individual’s knowledge and experience, yet despite the absence of educational standards, interest organizations offer professional certification. Third, procedural certification demonstrates the quality of organizational processes, yet despite the development of a national procedural standard, interest organizations do not offer procedural certification. This paper concludes by offering recommendations for enhancing the use of certification to achieve Web accessibility and provides suggestions for future research.
Problematizing the inclusion agenda in higher education: Towards a more inclusive technology enhanced learning model
Authors: Wood Denise
Published: September 2015

The focus on inclusive approaches to higher education and increasing availability of educational technologies designed to enhance student communication and collaboration has led to new opportunities for widening participation and improving the learning outcomes of students from diverse backgrounds. However, despite the potential, the principles of inclusive education are often applied in ways that serve to further disenfranchise the very students the approach seeks to support. This paper draws on research undertaken through funding support provided by the Australian Government, Office for Learning and Teaching in presenting the case for teachers to adapt their learning and teaching strategies to address an increasingly diverse student population and to adopt more transformative pedagogical approaches to engaging all students with “difference”. This paper explores issues of particular relevance to the design of technology enhanced learning that is inclusive of the diverse needs of higher education students with disabilities, however, the term “diverse students” is preferred, acknowledging the transient nature of some disabilities, the varying ways in which individuals choose to identify, the multiple layers of equity overlap, and the benefits of inclusive design of technology enhanced learning for all students. The inclusive education approach presented in the paper incorporates accessibility, usability, personalization and transformative pedagogy within a holistic model, as well as strategies for implementation at the institutional, program and individual student level. This paper concludes by arguing for more transformative approaches to understanding diversity and strategies for implementing inclusive design of technology enhanced learning in the higher education context.
A moda como objeto de informação: o caso do Movimento Feminista Punk Riot Grrrl
Authors: Castro Kedma Lima de , Castro Jetur Lima de , Oliveira Alessandra Nunes de
Published: September 2015

Introdução: Ao se considerar que a moda pode ser entendida como objeto de informação, o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar as características de indumentária e de comportamento do movimento feminista punk Riot Grrrrl como constituintes espaço de discurso e de linguagem e, portanto, no escopo de investigações na área de Ciência de Informação e Biblioteconomia. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de base bibliográfica e documental. Resultados: apresenta-se o momento histórico do movimento punk Riot Grrrl no contexto punk, analisando-se a temática do feminismo, a discussão de gênero e suas relações com a moda entendendo-se a indumentária das riots grrrls como forma de protesto e discurso político em seu contexto histórico-social. Conclusão: as releituras visuais do movimento feminista punk, sustentadas em seus ideários radicais e seu impacto no universo da moda, revelam a representatividade da indumentária e do comportamento como formas emancipatórias no social, configurando-se como espaços de discurso e, portanto, de informação.
Diretrizes para proteção do conhecimento: um estudo de caso em uma universidade do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Gonçalves Adriana Aguillera , Tomaél Maria Inês
Published: September 2015

Introdução: O presente estudo procurou verificar as diretrizes que regulamentam a proteção do conhecimento em uma Universidade no Estado do Paraná, favorecendo o surgimento de inovações no meio acadêmico. Método: O método empregado foi o estudo de caso e a coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, que possibilitou a análise de normas jurídicas que contém as diretrizes para a proteção do conhecimento na Universidade estudada. Na segunda, por meio de entrevistas com pesquisadores e gestores de uma Agência de Inovação, foi possível reunir considerações acerca das normas jurídicas existentes para proteção do conhecimento, abrangendo aspectos normativos e a visibilidade do documento no referido universo. Para o tratamento das informações coletadas, utilizou-se da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados revelam que as diretrizes de proteção do conhecimento existentes estão voltadas essencialmente para a participação dos inventores nos ganhos financeiros. Outros aspectos importantes da propriedade intelectual, como a questão do sigilo, a busca da informação tecnológica, acordos de confidencialidade, normatizações quanto à publicação e o patenteamento, ainda não são contemplados nas diretrizes de proteção ao conhecimento da referida instituição. Conclusão: Conclui-se que possivelmente, a ausência dessas diretrizes colabore para a falta de sensibilização dos pesquisadores para a proteção do conhecimento e inovação, o que é visível no ambiente estudado. Pesquisadores se mostram desprovidos de condições e informações que caracterizem e subsidiem uma cultura voltada para o processo inovativo.
Proposta de um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico
Authors: Lechakoski Rafael De Mello , Tsunoda Denise Fukumi
Published: September 2015

Introdução: Tendo em vista a crescente utilização da tecnologia da informação - em especial a internet - pelo governo como meio de interação com cidadãos, a investigação apresenta estudo bibliográfico acerca de modelos de maturidade para governo eletrônico, abordando os temas de serviços públicos e de maturidade tanto para conceituar a Maturidade em Governo Eletrônico como para propor um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico. Método: Para atendimento ao propósito da pesquisa efetuou-se coleta intencional de 24 modelos de maturidade para governo eletrônico e se procedeu a  análise comparativa entre eles verificando-se suas limitações em relação aos serviços prestados; à acessibilidade; à usabilidade e à integração com redes sociais, considerando-se a realidade brasileira e os requisitos previstos no Modelo de Acessibilidade em Governo Eletrônico (e-MAG). Resultados: Propõe-se um modelo de maturidade para sítios de governo eletrônico baseado na convergência dos modelos analisados, o qual é composto por quatro estágios voltados à avaliação de requisitos de serviços, acessibilidade, usabilidade e redes sociais. Diferentemente dos demais analisados, o modelo apresentado considera tanto as recomendações de acessibilidade para internet do World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), como aquelas de acessibilidade e usabilidade do governo brasileiro (e-MAG). Em cada estágio proposto apresentam-se exemplos de requisitos que podem ser avaliados e, potencialmente, transformados em indicadores. Conclusão: A utilização de um modelo para avaliar a maturidade em sítios de governo eletrônico evidencia a situação em que o sítio se encontra em relação ao que é esperado em cada estágio e qual é a linha conceitual de evolução dentro do modelo de maturidade, que reflete em melhorias a seus usuários ou cidadãos de maneira geral.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): o que é, para que serve, como se usa?
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete , Führ Fabiane , Lima Karolayne Costa Rodrigues de , Araújo Paula Carina de , Pereira Suzana Zulpo
Published: September 2015

Membros da equipe de gestão da Biblioteca Digital de Periódicos (BDP) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) apresentam conceitos e esclarecem as principais dúvidas sobre o Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Formation-Based Control Scheme for Cooperative Transportation by Multiple Mobile Robots
Authors: Yufka Alpaslan , Ozkan Metin
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a motion-planning and control scheme for a cooperative transportation system comprising a single rigid object and multiple autonomous non-holonomic mobile robots. A leader-follower formation control strategy is used for the transportation system in which the object is assumed to be the virtual leader; the robots carrying the object are considered to be followers. A smooth trajectory between the current and desired locations of the object is generated considering the constraints of the virtual leader. In the leader-follower approach, the origin of the coordinate system attached to the centre of gravity of the object, which is known as the virtual leader, moves along the generated trajectory while the real robots, which are known as followers, maintain a desired distance and orientation in relation to the leader. An asymptotically stable tracking controller is used for trajectory tracking. The proposed approach is verified by simulations and real applications using Pioneer P3-DX mobile robots.
Multilayer Matching SLAM for Large-Scale and Spacious Environments
Authors: Wang Jingchuan , Li Liu , Zhe Liu , Weidong Chen
Published: September 2015

In large-scale and spacious environments, keeping a reliable data association and reducing computational complexity are challenges for the implementation of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Focused on these problems, a multilayer-matching-based incremental SLAM algorithm is proposed in this article. In this algorithm, SLAM is simplified as a problem composed of a least-square-based optimization problem and data association. Then, it is solved in two steps. Firstly, a multilayer matching method is applied to deal with the data-association problem. Both matching between observation and local map and matching between different local maps are carried out. The uncertainty of the results-matching is described by the Fisher information matrix. Secondly, the robot pose is optimized through an incremental QR decomposition method. This algorithm effectively avoids the local minima caused by the limited observation information, and can build a consistent map of the environment. Meanwhile, the characters (hierarchical and incremental) of the proposed algorithm ensure low computational complexity. Experiments on simulation environments and two kinds of real environments with different sparse features verify that the algorithm is applicable for real-time application in large-scale and spacious environments.
Feily’s method as a new mode of hair grafting in prevention of scalp necrosis even in dense hair transplantation
Authors: Feily Amir , Moeineddin Fatemeh
Published: September 2015

Hair restoration is a safe procedure and most of its associated complications are preventable by the surgeon and/or the patient. Recipient area necrosis is rare but arises when an increased number of recipient grafts are utilized and de-vascularization of the scalp occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare all cases and pictures reported in main search engines and Iranian centers of hair transplant to find the dangerous zone of necrosis and to provide a new method for prevention of necrosis. Pictorial analysis of this study revealed that the majority of necrosis (14 of 18) occurs in central region of the scalp and is inclined, particularly, to the right parietal aspect of the scalp. Accordingly, a case series was done and a new method for prevention of scalp necrosis even in dense packing transplantation was discussed.
Synopsis of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson, 1902 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) in Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan
Authors: Murao Ryuki , Tadauchi Osamu , Lee Heung-Sik
Published: September 2015

Twelve species in total are recognized for the subgenus Lasioglossum (Dialictus) Robertson, 1902 from Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) alishanense sp. nov. and L. (D.) taiwanense sp. nov. from Taiwan, are described as new. Four species are recorded from the following localities for the first time: L. (D.) miyabei Murao, Ebmer & Tadauchi, 2006 from the Korean Peninsula (South Korea); L. (D.) ellipticeps (Blüthgen, 1923), L. (D.) virideglaucum Ebmer & Sakagami, 1994 and L. (D.) viridellum (Cockerell, 1931) from South Korea. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) atroglaucum (Strand, 1913) is redescribed, L. (D.) ellipticeps, L. (D.) problematicum (Blüthgen, 1923), L. (D.) virideglaucum, and L. (D.) viridellum are supplementary described. A key to species is provided. Bionomical data, such as flight and flower records or habitat, are reported for some species. The distributions of all species are mapped. DNA barcodes of L. (D.) miyabei, L. (D.) pseudannulipes (Blüthgen, 1925), and L. (D.) virideglaucum are provided
The influence of natural variability and interpolation errors on bias characterization in RCM simulations
Authors: Addor Nans , Fischer Erich M.
Published: September 2015

Climate model simulations are routinely compared to observational data sets for evaluation purposes. The resulting differences can be large and induce artifacts if propagated through impact models. They are usually termed “model biases,” suggesting that they exclusively stem from systematic models errors. Here we explore for Switzerland the contribution of two other components of this mismatch, which are usually overlooked: interpolation errors and natural variability. Precipitation and temperature simulations from the RCM COSMO‐Community Land Model were compared to two observational data sets, for which estimates of interpolation errors were derived. Natural variability on the multidecadal time scale was estimated using three approaches relying on homogenized time series, multiple runs of the same climate model, and bootstrapping of 30 year meteorological records. We find that although these methods yield different estimates, the contribution of the natural variability to RCM‐observation differences in 30 year means is usually small. In contrast, uncertainties in observational data sets induced by interpolation errors can explain a substantial proportion of the mismatch of 30 year means. In those cases, we argue that the model biases can hardly be distinguished from interpolation errors, making the characterization and reduction of model biases particularly delicate. In other regions, RCM biases clearly exceed the estimated contribution of natural variability and interpolation errors, enabling bias characterization and robust model evaluation. Overall, we argue that bias correction of climate simulations needs to account for observational uncertainties and natural variability. We particularly stress the need for reliable error estimates to accompany observational data sets.
Signal of central Pacific El Niño in the Southern Hemispheric stratosphere during austral spring
Authors: Yang Chengyun , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Xue Xianghui
Published: September 2015

Using ERA‐Interim and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis data sets, we investigated the effects of the central Pacific (CP) El Niño on the Southern Hemispheric (SH) stratosphere particularly during the austral spring. SH stratosphere warming is at a maximum in September rather than in November and December, as suggested by previous studies. SH stratospheric temperature anomalies become significant beginning in July and reach a peak of approximately 4 K in September, reflecting a weakened SH vortex and a strengthened SH stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson circulation. The anomalous Eliassen‐Palm flux and its divergence in the SH midlatitudes are most significantly enhanced in August, leading to the SH maximum stratospheric temperature anomalies approximately 1 month later. In the middle latitudes of the SH, the poleward and upward propagation of enhanced planetary waves (PWs) during the austral winter (July–September) causes anomalous SH polar warming and tropical cooling in the stratosphere. The wave number 1 (WN1) pattern is responsible for PW anomalies in August, whereas the WN2 pattern is responsible for those in September. Eddy heat flux during CP El Niño is also anomalously enhanced in extratropical SH stratosphere in both August and September and subsequently weaken during the following months.
GIC due to storm sudden commencement in low‐latitude high‐voltage power network in China: Observation and simulation
Authors: Zhang J. J. , Wang C. , Sun T. R. , Liu C. M. , Wang K. R.
Published: September 2015

The impact of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the power networks at middle and low latitudes has attracted attention in recent years with the increase of large‐scale power networks. In this study, we report the GIC monitored at two low‐latitude 500 kV substations of China during the large storm of 17 March 2015. The GIC due to the storm sudden commencement (SSC) was much higher than that during the storm main phase. This phenomenon is more likely to happen at low‐latitude locations, highlighting the importance of SSC in inducing GIC in low‐latitude power networks. Furthermore, we ran a global MHD model to simulate the GIC during this SSC event by using the solar wind observation as input. The model results reproduced the main features of the GIC. The study also indicated that the eastward component of the geoelectric field is dominant for low‐latitude locations during the SSC events. Further, topology and electrical parameters of the power grids make significant differences in the GIC levels.
Quality of life in osteogenesis imperfecta: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Dahan‐Oliel N. , Oliel S. , Tsimicalis A. , Montpetit K. , Rauch F. , Dogba M. J.
Published: September 2015

Clinical interventions and research have mostly focused on the orthopedic, genetic, and pharmacological outcomes of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and although quality of life (QoL) has gained recognition as an important patient‐outcome, it has received little attention in individuals with OI. This mixed‐methods systematic review of the literature included five search engines and identified a total of 212 articles. Once study eligibility was reviewed, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this mixed‐methods review (9 quantitative and 1 qualitative). Among the 10 included QoL studies, six reported on children with OI, three on adults with OI, and one on the parents of children with OI. Physical QoL in children and adults with OI appears to be less than that of the general population, with individuals with more severe OI types reporting worse QoL. On the other hand, mental and psychosocial QoL is the same or better in individuals with OI than that of the general population. Pain, scoliosis activity limitations and participation restrictions due to decreased function are associated with lower levels of physical QoL. Researchers must agree on a definition of QoL as it relates to OI and use validated measures appropriate for evaluating QoL in OI. Pediatric studies should consider both the child and the parent's QOL perceptions as these may differ. QoL in the adult population should not be dismissed in order to offer proper client‐centered interventions throughout the lifespan. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The genetics of alcohol dependence: Twin and SNP‐based heritability, and genome‐wide association study based on AUDIT scores
Authors: Mbarek Hamdi , Milaneschi Yuri , Fedko Iryna O. , Hottenga Jouke‐Jan , de Moor Marleen H.M. , Jansen Rick , Gelernter Joel , Sherva Richard , Willemsen Gonneke , Boomsma Dorret I. , Penninx Brenda W. , Vink Jacqueline M.
Published: September 2015

Alcohol dependence (AD) is among the most common and costly public health problems contributing to morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In this study, we investigate the genetic basis of AD in a Dutch population using data from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The presence of AD was ascertained via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) applying cut‐offs with good specificity and sensitivity in identifying those at risk for AD. Twin‐based heritability of AD‐AUDIT was estimated using structural equation modeling of data in 7,694 MZ and DZ twin pairs. Variance in AD‐AUDIT explained by all SNPs was estimated with genome‐wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 7,842 subjects. GWAS SNP effect concordance analysis was performed between our GWAS and a recent AD GWAS using DSM‐IV diagnosis. The twin‐based heritability of AD‐AUDIT was estimated at 60% (55–69%). GCTA showed that common SNPs jointly capture 33% (SE = 0.12, P = 0.002) of this heritability. In the GWAS, the top hits were positioned within four regions (4q31.1, 2p16.1, 6q25.1, 7p14.1) with the strongest association detected for rs55768019 (P = 7.58 × 10−7). This first GWAS of AD using the AUDIT measure found results consistent with previous genetic studies using DSM diagnosis: concordance in heritability estimates and direction of SNPs effect and overlap with top hits from previous GWAS. Thus, the use of appropriate questionnaires may represent cost‐effective strategies to phenotype samples in large‐scale biobanks or other population‐based datasets. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzyme‐Instructed Intracellular Molecular Self‐Assembly to Boost Activity of Cisplatin against Drug‐Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Jie , Kuang Yi , Shi Junfeng , Zhou Jie , Medina Jamie E. , Zhou Rong , Yuan Dan , Yang Cuihong , Wang Huaimin , Yang Zhimou , Liu Jianfeng , Dinulescu Daniela M. , Xu Bing
Published: September 2015

Anticancer drug resistance demands innovative approaches that boost the activity of drugs against drug‐resistant cancers without increasing the systemic toxicity. Here we show the use of enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly (EISA) to generate intracellular supramolecular assemblies that drastically boost the activity of cisplatin against drug‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. We design and synthesize small peptide precursors as the substrates of carboxylesterase (CES). CES cleaves the ester bond pre‐installed on the precursors to form the peptides that self‐assemble in water to form nanofibers. At the optimal concentrations, the precursors themselves are innocuous to cells, but they double or triple the activity of cisplatin against the drug‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. This work illustrates a simple, yet fundamental, new way to introduce non‐cytotoxic components into combination therapies with cisplatin without increasing the systemic burden or side effects.
Development of Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboalkoxylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Hopkins Brett A. , Garlets Zachary J. , Wolfe John P.
Published: September 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed coupling of γ‐hydroxyalkenes with aryl bromides affords enantiomerically enriched 2‐(arylmethyl)tetrahydrofuran derivatives in good yield and up to 96:4 e.r. This transformation was achieved through the development of a new TADDOL/2‐arylcyclohexanol‐derived chiral phosphite ligand. The transformations are effective with an array of different aryl bromides, and can be used for the preparation of products bearing quaternary stereocenters.
Preparation and characterization of a silica‐based magnetic nanocomposite and its application as a recoverable catalyst for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives
Authors: Maleki Ali , Rabbani Mahboubeh , Shahrokh Shirin
Published: September 2015

An environmentally benign magnetic silica‐based nanocomposite (Fe3O4/SBA‐15) as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst was prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller multilayer nitrogen adsorption. Its catalytic activity was investigated for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones starting from isatoic anhydride, ammonium acetate and various aldehydes under mild reaction conditions and easy work‐up procedure in refluxing ethanol with good yields. The nanocatalyst can be recovered easily and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narcissism and Performance on Behavioral Decision‐making Tasks
Authors: Brunell Amy B. , Buelow Melissa T.
Published: September 2015

Three studies examined narcissism and behavioral decision making. Decision‐making tasks included the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Studies 1–3), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (Studies 1–3), Columbia Card Task (CCT; Studies 2 and 3), and Game of Dice Task (Study 3). To tease apart the contributions of grandiose narcissism (i.e., narcissism found in the general population), pathological narcissism, and narcissistic traits (i.e., grandiosity, entitlement, and exploitativeness) in decision making, we assessed grandiose narcissism in Studies 1 (n = 380) and 2 (n = 244), pathological narcissism in Study 2, and the narcissistic traits in Study 3 (n = 312). Grandiose and pathological narcissism failed to predict decision making regardless of whether or not decision making included immediate feedback. In Study 3, the narcissistic trait of grandiosity (i.e., having an inflated sense of self‐importance) was associated with greater risk taking on the CCT‐hot (i.e., provided immediate feedback), and entitlement was associated with greater risk taking on the IGT. Measurement and applied implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review of Epigenetic Markers of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Philibert Robert , Erwin Cheryl
Published: September 2015

Over the past two decades, advances in genetic technologies have posed unexpected challenges to the ethical and legal framework guiding the application of the most recent advances in healthcare technologies. By and large, these challenges have been successfully met by the introduction by statutes such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). However, over the past several years, these advances in the ability to measure genetic (or heritable) contributions to medical illness have been joined by advances in epigenetic (or acquired) contributions to common medical illnesses. Unfortunately, the moral and legal framework for the use of these epigenetic technologies, which can objectively determine the presence of medical illnesses such as diabetes or the consumption of substances of abuse, is not as well developed. This communication provides an introduction to the fundamentals of epigenetics and then reviews how some of the latest advances in this technology can now be used to assess the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Next, the possible mechanisms through which these tools could be employed clinically are discussed. Finally, the authors outline the potential for misuse of this technology and suggest that well‐informed policy could play a critical role in shaping the optimal implementation of epigenetic technologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible Tuning of Unsaturated β‐Substituents on Zn Porphyrins: A Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: van der Salm Holly , Wagner Pawel , Wagner Klaudia , Officer David L. , Wallace Gordon G. , Gordon Keith C.
Published: September 2015

A series of zinc porphyrins substituted at adjacent β‐positions with a CN group and para‐substituted ethenyl/ethynyl‐phenyl group have been studied using electronic absorption spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen was utilized for the introduction of a cyano substituent on the porphyrin ring. This modification has a remarkable electronic effect on the ring. The resulting porphyrin cyanoaldehyde was further modified in Wittig condensations to give series of arylalkene‐ and arylalkyne‐substituted derivatives. This substitution pattern caused significant redshifting and broadening of the B band, tuning from 433–446 nm. Additionally the Q/B band intensity ratios show much higher values than observed for the parent porphyrin ZnTPP (0.20 vs. 0.03). Careful analysis of the electronic transitions using DFT and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveal that the substituent does not significantly perturb the electronic structure of the porphyrin core, which is still well described by Gouterman’s four‐orbital model. However, the substituents do play a role in elongating the conjugation length and this results in the observed spectral changes.
Nonbiological factors affecting survival in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Borate Uma Madhav , Mineishi Shin , Costa Luciano Jose
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Progress has been made in determining the biological variants of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and their prognostic implications. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the impact of nonbiological factors (NBFs) on the survival of patients with AML.

METHODS

The impact of NBFs (marital status, insurance status, county‐level income, and education) on survival was assessed along with biological factors (disease subtype, sex, age, and race/ethnicity) using a cohort of patients aged 19 to 64 years who were diagnosed with AML between 2007 and 2011 and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registry (SEER 18).

RESULTS

There were 5541 patients included. The median overall survival for the entire study population was 16 months. On multivariate analysis, an increased risk of death was independently linked to being a Medicaid beneficiary, uninsured, single, divorced, and residing in a county within the lower 3 quintiles of median household income. NBFs affected the risk of early (<2 months) and late mortality and their impact was confirmed among patients known to have received chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Insurance status, marital status, and county‐level income were found to independently affect the survival of younger patients with AML and should be integrated into outcome comparisons. Interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of social factors on survival among patients with AML. Cancer 2015;121:3877–3884. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Does authoritarianism imply ethnocentric national attitudes: A revised look at the “authoritarian triad” and right‐wing ideology
Authors: Radkiewicz Piotr
Published: September 2015

Dozens of studies have shown that authoritarian people are ethnocentric. They are described as nationalistic, prejudiced, and hostile toward ethnic/national out‐groups. However, it can be argued that this critical claim remains unproven, as researchers do not take into consideration the very conservative right‐wing views typical of authoritarian people. To address this problem, two theoretical approaches were contrasted: the most commonly used right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) approach and the group authoritarianism approach. Both approaches define authoritarianism as the covariance of submission, aggression, and conventionalism, but they differ in that the former is inextricably related to right‐wing ideology while the latter is not. This paper presents the results of two survey studies conducted on samples of 600 and 400 respondents. In Study 1, it was found that RWA and group authoritarianism had different patterns of relationships with in‐group and out‐group national attitudes, providing strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that the right‐wing ideology generated ethnocentric national attitudes. Study 2 showed a strong direct effect of right‐wing ideology on ethnocentric national attitudes, while the impact of “pure” authoritarian covariance is marginal and sometimes even seems to be negative (e.g., ethnic prejudices). These findings suggest that authoritarianism has little to do with ethnocentric national attitudes. It is not the covariance of authoritarian attitudes that results in growing ethnocentrism. The true perpetrator can be found in the large component of right‐wing ideology contained in such measurement instruments as the RWA scale.
Evaluation of the Oxo‐bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Ammine Complex as Redox Mediator in an Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Raymundo‐Pereira Paulo A. , Mascarenhas Ana C. V. , Teixeira Marcos F. S.
Published: September 2015

The mediation of electron‐transfer by oxo‐bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine [(bpy)2(NH3)RuIII(µ‐O)RuIII(NH3)(bpy)2]4+ for the oxidation of glucose was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. These ruthenium (III) complexes exhibit appropriate redox potentials of 0.131–0.09 V vs. SCE to act as electron‐transfer mediators. The plot of anodic current vs. the glucose concentration was linear in the concentration range between 2.52×10−5 and 1.00×10−4 mol L−1. Moreover, the apparent Michaelis‐Menten kinetic (KMapp) and the catalytic (Kcat) constants were 8.757×10−6 mol L−1 and 1,956 s−1, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency of the ruthenium dinuclear oxo‐complex [(bpy)2(NH3)RuIII(µ‐O)RuIII(NH3)(bpy)2]4+ as mediator of redox electron‐transfer.
Psychosocial Interventions Pre and Post Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kalarchian Melissa A. , Marcus Marsha D.
Published: September 2015

Despite positive results overall, a substantial number of patients experience poor long‐term outcomes following bariatric surgery. One reason for variability in weight loss may be difficulty in making and sustaining changes in dietary intake and physical activity; post‐surgery binge eating has also been associated with poorer weight outcomes. In this paper, we review available evidence on adjunctive psychosocial interventions for bariatric surgery patients. Although the literature is limited, evidence suggests that bariatric surgery patients may benefit from a comprehensive approach targeting diet, activity and psychological factors. We think the optimal time to initiate adjunctive intervention is after surgery, but before significant weight regain has occurred. Adaptive interventions incorporating advances in technology may prove to be effective for promoting behavioural self‐management and psychosocial adjustment following bariatric surgery. For some patients, pharmacotherapy and reoperation may also play a role in a personalized approach to post‐surgery care. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.