bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study on the Effect of Water Vapor for the Decarbonization Capacity of CaO
Authors: Wei Ri Guang , Mei Jian , Gao Jian Qiang , Chen Hong Wei , Wang Chun Bo
Published: December 2012

In order to find the trends of carbonation conversion rate X when the carbonated atmosphere contains water vapor, experiments were carried out by the homemade calcination/carbonation fixed-bed reactor, in which water vapor could be added in the reaction atmosphere. By experiments in different conditions, the results have showed that: with the increase of the water vapor content X was improved significantly, and the exaltation was also reflected in the cycles; when the carbonation temperature was low water vapor on the absorbent performance will show a greater improvement; calcination temperature also has an affect on X, when the calcination temperature was higher, the effect of water vapor was more obvious.
Influencing Factors of Chromium Ion Stability in Microbe Culture Media
Authors: He Yun Xiao , Chen Xiao Ming
Published: December 2012

The stability factors for Cr6+ and Cr3+ in microbiological media, including temperature, preservation conditions and medium components were studied in this research project, through potassium permanganate oxidation and DPC (Diphenylcarbazide) spectrophotometry. It shows that the protein component mainly influences Cr6+ content changes at pre- and post- heat sterilization to the chromium ionic liquid medium, other than being impacted basically by inorganic salt ions. It also indicates that the method can be introduced into experiment researches for microbe dechromisation i.e. Chromium ion aqueous solution and fluid medium are sterilized separately, and then are made into the chrome ions liquid as per a certain concentration. The concentration of hexavalent chromium ions is affected by preservation time and temperature also. For this reason, chromium ionic liquid medium is kept at low temperature, and as quickly as possible for the test.
Research on Techniques of Environment Comprehensive Management and Municipal Solid Waste Filling Mining
Authors: Zhang Xin Guo , Jiang Xing Yuan , Zhang Bao Liang
Published: December 2012

Aiming at the present situation of surface construction damage and pollution by coal mining, introduced the application situation of filling mining technology. In view of China's municipal solid waste present situation, proposed the bag filling mode in coal mine gobs, and put forward the reasonable filling process and filling system design. It is more helpful to deal with the city garbage on a large scale by combining the garbage stowing with the treatment of mine gobs than traditional waste disposal methods, such as burying, compost piling and burning also can effectively control the surface subsidence issues, and it is very significant to science and environment.
Properties of Heat Treatment Alkaline Pulping Black Liquor with Aluminum Chloride
Authors: Ge Lan , Lu Jie , Yang Rui Feng , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

The black liquor contains a large amount of suspended solids, organic pollutants and toxic substances, the black liquor discharged directly into water bodies will lead to serious pollution. So we regards the alkaline pulping black liquor as a research object, using autoclave to heat the mixture of aluminum chloride and soda black liquor lignin. By changing the heating temperature and the pH before the heat treatment, we analyze the lignin and carbohydrates in the cooking liquid to study cleavage situation and the corresponding structural changes. The results show that the lignin content accompanied the increase in temperature, organic matter content decreased and part of the decomposition of organic matter. Without adjusting pH, the lignin content is small and ash (inorganic) content is higher.
A Risk-Based Optimal Designing Model for the Grading Recycling Price of ‘Urban Mineral’ Resources
Authors: Geo Xin Quan , Li Li , Yun Xiao Zhe
Published: December 2012

The imperfect recycling price system becomes the main obstacle that blocks the development of China’s ‘Urban Mineral’ industry. It is very necessary to raise and diverse the current recycling prices in order to raise the customer’s enthusiasm. A risk-based model for designing the grading recycling price was proposed in this work. For better comparison, the model for designing unified recycling price was also constructed. The simulation results show that although the grading recycling price level is higher than the unified price, more profits and quantities could be generated by the grading recycling price system. This proves that the grading recycling price system is superior to the unified price system in encouraging the customer to provide more waste ‘Urban Mineral’ Resources.
Research on the Reutilization Technology of the Brine from Vinylidene Chloride Synthesis
Authors: Cao Guo Min , Hong Fang , Sheng Mei , Shuai Xiao Dan , Hu Lin
Published: December 2012

The brine from vinylidene chloride (VDC) synthesis contains high concentration of sodium chloride and halogenated hydrocarbons which are all volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). Based on the contaminations’ characteristics in the brine, an air-stripping process was firstly applied for removing most of the halogenated hydrocarbons in the brine, and then the H2O2/UV oxidation process was used for polishing treatment so that the treated brine could be reused as a raw material for a chloro-alkali process. The results showed the residual TOC after air-stripping could be effectively removed by H2O2/UV process, and the TOC level of the brine from VDC production could be decreased to less than 10 mg/L through combined air-stripping and H2O2/UV oxidation process, and than the treated brine could be reused as raw material for a chloro-alkali process.
The Treatment Way of Chinese Passenger Transport Excrement
Authors: Chen Zhen Min , Xie Wei , Zhang Hai Ying
Published: December 2012

The passenger transport amount is increasing quickly in China in recent years. It was 15.9, 17.9, 18.8 and 19.8 billion person-times in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. One billion person-times were increased yearly. But treatments of passenger transport excrement have become a more and more difficult problem. According to calculation passenger transport feces was 19.8 million tons and the urine was 59.5 million tons in 2006. If the excrement is discharged directly along the way, the environment must be polluted seriously, the pestilences will be propagated and it will be a colossal waste of resources. In this paper, excretory manners and the components of feces and urine were studied and the treatment manners of the passenger transport excrement at home and abroad were compared. A new treatment method of the passenger transport excrement was put forward that the feces and urine were collected separately in passenger transport, then the collected feces and urine were uninstalled at the station, the urine was used openly to fertilize soil and feces was done anaerobic digestion to get the biogas as fuel. Residue after feces digested was made into fertilizer to fertilize soil. The more economic and environmental benefit can be obtained by using this treatment manner. And a fresh excrement collector was designed.
Screening of Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Condensates
Authors: Sun Xiao Ming , Qiao Qi , Liu Jing Yang
Published: December 2012

Four types of reverse osmosis membranes (LP, ULP, XLP and FR) were used for the treatment and reuse of the pharmaceutical condensates. The desalination rate and removal of TOC with pH 6.8 is significantly higher than pH 3.2 for all of the four membranes. When the pH is 6.8 the FR reverse osmosis membrane has the highest desalination rate, removal of TOC, permeate flux and the lowest transmembrane pressure, and it is energy conservation and not easy to be contaminated. So the FR reverse osmosis membrane is Suitable for the treatment of pharmaceutical condensate.
Recycling of Waste Hard Alloy via Electrochemical Dissolution Method
Authors: Zhou Gui Zhong , Wang Zhao Feng , Wang Xuan , Li Shao Xiang
Published: December 2012

Electrochemical dissolution method was used to achieve the recycling of waste hard alloy. Tungsten, cobalt powder and cobalt salts can be obtained through the control of suitable conditions of electric dissolution process ,such as cleaning of waste hard alloy, electric dissolution of waste hard alloy, knocking the basket, treatment of cobalt chloride etc. Tungsten and cobalt chloride solution can be obtained directly by this method, and thus to obtain the cobalt powder and cobalt salts. Recovery rate of WC and cobalt were above 98% and 92-95%.
Stressed Response of Submerged Elodea nattalii under Eutrophication Growth Conditions
Authors: Xiong Han Feng , Tan Qi Ling
Published: December 2012

Eutrophication in water bodies affects the growth of aquatic plants. In this study, we conducted static experiments to better understand the metabolic responses of Elodea nattalii under eutrophication conditions. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) levels in tissue, malondiadehyde (MDA), and activities of three antioxidases (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) of Elodea nattalii cultured at different nutrient levels (oligotropher, mesotropher, eutropher, and hypertrophics) were investigated. The results showed that with nutrient concentration increase, N and P contents of Elodea nattalii increased. The MDA content improved with nutrient increase. the POD activity initially increased and later decreased. CAT and SOD activities decreased during the experimental time period. These finding suggested that changes in stem the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity can be served as the indicators of the response of Elodea nattalii to eutrophication conditions.
Study on Blended Spinning Solution Composed of Chrome Shavings Extract and Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Dan Nian Hua , Dan Wei Hua , Xiao Shi Wei , Wang Jian Kang
Published: December 2012

Chrome shavings were dechromed by methods of oxidation and the extracts were obtained in acidic or basic condition. The blended solutions were obtained by blending chrome shavings extract with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The optimal proportion was determined after comparing the properties which included viscosity of the mixture, mechanical properties of the blended membranes and degradation. The optimal proportion of PVA: extract (prepared with acid method) is 2:8 while solid content is 10 percent. The results of degradation test indicated that the membranes developed with the extract and PVS could be degraded in soil, trypsin solution and AS1.398 solution.
The Analysis and Improvement Recommendations for Recycling Waste Materials in University Town
Authors: Zhang Shi Xiang , Zhang Ting
Published: December 2012

With the deeply surveys and interviewing with some students in Shanghai Nanhui University Town, the status of recycling waste materials and its problems are analyzed. By forming a good recycling system, the waste materials can be fully utilized. Combining with the status of Shanghai Nanhui University Town, it is helpful to build a new system of recycling waste materials and operated with a scores-accumulation system.
Treatment of Refinery Wastewater with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters: A Pilot-Scale Study
Authors: Huang Jian Guang , Zhong Li , Xie Wen Yu
Published: December 2012

A pilot scale biochemical treatment system containing three isolated biological aerated filters, one oil-separation pool and one secondary sedimentation tank was set up and used for high concentration organic waste water treatment. Effect of different operating conditions on Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr), sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil degradation was investigated. And the ways of sulphides removal were also explored. While CODCr, the concentrations of sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil in the waste water are no more than 1500 mg/L, 800 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 150mg/L, respectively, the system can run stably and the total removal of these pollutants is 88.8%, 98.8%, 96.8% and 91.0% accordingly though hydraulic retention time (HRT) varies from 7.95 hr to 15.90 hr and the air/water volume ratio (AWVR) varies from 12 to 8. Most of the sulphides are removed by Biodegradation with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters. Most of the pollutants are removed in the 1st BAF and about 96.5% by mean value of sulphides transforme into elemental sulfur and only about 2.7% by mean value of sulphides transforme into sulphates.
Desorption of Cadmium from Soils Enchanced by Citric Acid
Authors: Li Yu Shuang , Hu Xiao Jun , Song Xue Ying
Published: December 2012

Cadmium contamination of soil has become a major environmental problem in the whole world. Soil washing is a possible remediation method for extracting contaminants from the contaminated soil. Natural organic acids seem to be promising environmentally friendly for removing toxic metals from soils. Batch soil-washing experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of cadmium desorption from soils by citric acid. Results showed that cadmium removal by citric acid was highly dependent on the initial pH and the concentration of citric acid. The removal of cadmium declined sharply with the rise of pH. Contrarily, cadmium desorption increased with increasing citric acid concentration. More than 90% cadmium was extracted from soil by 80 mmol L-1 citric acid.
Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Treatment Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Deng Li Fang , Yuan Hao Ran , Huang Hong Yu , Chen Yong
Published: December 2012

Leachate is a high concentration organic wastewater, and microbial fuel cell (MFC) is capable of decomposing and treating organic pollutants directly. Single-chamber MFC using landfill leachate as anolyte was built to get rid of BOD and ammonia-nitrogen organic pollutant in leachate. The use of MFC led to the treatment of the biodegradable organic pollutant of municipal solid waste leachate and the production of electricity. The biofilm was detected on the MFC anode carbon felt, the voltage and power output were achieved 292.7± 5 mV and 2375.1mW.m-2. The suitable running time was about 10 days, when the BOD and ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiencies were achieved about 93.0% and 84.1 %, respectively.
Study on Recycling of Organic Solvents
Authors: Yang Run Ze , Li Yue Jin , Li Zhen Yu
Published: December 2012

The research of dimethylbenzene and butylacetate from industrial spent solvent oil by batch distillation was studied, and the batch distillation experiment was by pretreated material. The effects of separation temperature and reflux ratio on separation efficiency were investigated,and compared the new tower with the old one. The experimental results showed that: when the reflux ratio R was 3, Butyl acetate and Xylene product purity were low, the R ≥ 4, the purity of the product of Xylene and Butyl acetate were significantly increased; both yield were lower with the increase of reflux ratio. When R was 4, the top temperature of the distillation column was between 109 and 111.4 °C, before and after device upgrading, Butyl acetate product purity were 90.03% and 72.88% respectively.When the top temperature was above 120 °C, the device after upgrading Xylene product purity was 98% and 94.42% before the upgrading. Both of the purity and the yield improved after device upgrading.
Research Progress: Reduction of Excess Sludge by Ozone in the Sewage Biotreatment Process
Authors: Nie Ya Feng , Lu Cai Hong , Liu Bo , Qu Xiu Wen , Bai Xiao Bo
Published: December 2012

The principle for the reduction of excess sludge by the ozone in the sewage treatment plants (STPs) was introduced and the change of characteristics of the ozonated sludge was analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the effects of ozonation of activated sludge on the biotical treatment process in the STP were summarized. At last, the applications of this kind of technology in the worldwide range were enumerated and some further research directions were suggested.
Study on Organic Regeneration of the Abandoned Infrastructure in Cities
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Wang Hao
Published: December 2012

Abandoned infrastructure presents a series of problems such as safety problems, destruction of urban landscape, and occupation of urban land resources, thus they need to be demolished or reconstructed. The key to organic regeneration of abandoned infrastructure in cities is sustaining the ecological environment, spatial environment and cultural environment they lie in, and combining with the sustainable development of the city after the reconstruction. Based on some typical international cases, this paper proposes three strategies in the regeneration of the abandoned infrastructure, including complete demolishment, necessary reconstruction and diverse development. Combined with “The Big Dig” project in Boston,the study has shown that it updates open space of cities,boots economic development and carries on organic regeneration of the abandoned infrastructure through the landacape intervention.
The Study on Refining Calcium Carbonation with Lime Mud from Reed Pulp Black Liquor as Filler for Papermaking
Authors: Hu Kai Tang , Li Ming , Hu Bing
Published: December 2012

The different refining processes of lime mud, including water washing, drying and adding auxiliaries from chemical recovery of black liquor from reed pulp mill were studied in the article. The convenient and effective technologies of refining lime mud for CaCO3used as papermaking fillers with less water consumption were optimized and discussed. The experimental results showed that the brightness of the CaCO3refined is 84~86%(ISO), and water consumption is about 30~50 ton for one ton’s lime mud by the washing processes, and the brightness of the CaCO3refined is 88~89%(ISO) by the drying processes, and the lowest water consumption is about 3~6 tons for one ton’s lime mud by the adding auxiliaries peocess. With the optimum process, the carbonizing temperature is about 50°C, and the brightness of CaCO3refined is 91.5%(ISO). Total water consumption in the processes is only about 5~10 tons for one ton lime mud.
Influence of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion of Steel Q235 during Natural Evaporation in Soils
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Jin , Sun Cheng
Published: December 2012

Corrosion behavior of steel Q235 was investigated during natural evaporation in soils with and without sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) by microbiological analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that during natural evaporation, oxygen content increases, amounts of SRB decrease, and the corrosion rates of steel Q235 increase with decreasing humidity of soils with and without SRB. Increments of the corrosion rates are much bigger in soils with SRB than those without SRB.
Removal of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) in Waterwork and it’s Correlation with Water Qualities
Authors: Hu Chen Yan , Zhang Jing , Zhou Zhen Xing , Shang Fei
Published: December 2012

Removal of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were investigated in treatment line including conventional treatments (coagulation, sedimentation and rapid sand filtration) and advanced treatments (pre-ozonation, high density clarification and V-filter) in Yangshupu waterwork. The correlation between DON and water qualities including UV254, DOC, NO3--N, NH4+-N and SUVA in water samples were studied as well. According to the results, removal efficiency of DOC, UV254 and DON after conventional treatment were 25.1%, 43.3% and 31.1% respectively. Pre-ozonation could increase the concentration of DON in samples. Removal efficiency of DOC, UV254 and DON were 24.5%, 40.2% and 29.6%, respectively, after the advanced treatment. The results from linear regression analysis showed that DON is moderately correlated to UV254 and DOC, with the correlatition confficent of 0.807 and 0.775 respectively. However, DON showed slightly correlated with NO3--N, NH4+-N and SUVA.
An Introduction to Vacuum Sewerage System and its Applications in China
Authors: Tang Jing , Li Min , Wang Bao Zhen
Published: December 2012

Vacuum sewerage system (VSS) is an ecological wastewater collection system in which negative pressure difference in pipelines is used to transport sewage gradually to vacuum station for centralized treatment. Classification and application areas of VSSs were reviewed. Various vacuum generators in vacuum stations were compared. Types and key technologies of user terminals in VSSs were presented. Conveying mechanism of vacuum pipelines was illustrated. The way to discharge sewage from VSSs was introduced.
Mixed Programming Using FORTRAN and VB of Pipe Network for Heating and Air Condition Water System
Authors: Cui Yang , Huang Lei
Published: December 2012

As the scale of the air conditioning system is constantly increasing, some problems still exist and remain to be solved in the chilled water system. Among them, the leading problems lie in the insufficient research of the overall character on the user side and lack of simulation analysis. Corresponding calculating procedures are mixed programmed using VB and FORTRAN language to conduct to simulating analysis, to testify reliability and feasibility of the method.
Distribution and Transformation of Molecular Weight of Organic Matters in a Canal Water Treatment Procedure
Authors: Zhao Xiao Dan , Wu Chun Hua , Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2012

Distribution and transformation of molecular weight of organic matters in canal raw water, primary coagulated water, secondary coagulated water, enhanced coagulated water and water filtered by activated carbon were monitored by ultrafiltration membrane method. The results show that organics on the fraction of molecular weight less than 2kDa has the largest ratio in total organics of outlets of coagulation and activated carbon tank. Removal rate of total organics is about 73% by secondary coagulation, but which of micromolecule organics of molecular weight less than 2kDa is only 10%, which can be removed by activated carbon more than 80%.
The Improvement of Thermotolerance in Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass by Activating the Antioxidative System
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Yan , Yang Hong Fei , Li Jian Long
Published: December 2012

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of low concentration on thermotolerance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Barlexas) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Accent) was studied following a foliar pretreatment with 10 mM H2O2. Antioxidative enzymes activities and antioxidant content were measured in both cool-season turfgrass cultivars under heat stress (38/30 °C, day/night) and control normal temperature (26/15 °C, day/night). While activities of catalase(CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-dependent peroxidases (GPX) were enhanced by H2O2pretreatment during heat stress. APX, GR and GPX activities were significantly enhanced during heat stress. These were likely the most important antioxidative enzymes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass protecting plants against heat stress. The thermotolerance was also concomitant with an increased glutathione pool, as evaluated by the significant increase of the total glutathione pool in two pretreated cultivars. The increase of POD, CAT, APX, GR activities and significant increase of GPX activity prior to the initiation of heat stress in pre-treatment plants suggested a possible role for H2O2as a signaling molecule protecting them against the subsequent heat-induced damage.
Study of Effect on Sediment Flow Characteristics from Vegetation Growth
Authors: Li Jun Ning , Yang Ju Rui , Luo Jing
Published: December 2012

Form 12 groups times flume experiment of No-plant and plant height of 2,5,9cm simulation, the order of effect that sediment flow characteristics with vegetation growth was investigated. The results show that the vertical velocity distribution of sediment flow with plant is no longer consistent with logarithm distribution with no plants in sediment flow, but for the "S"-type distribution. The Re increases with the decrease of plant height and the increase of flow. The roughness decreases with the increase of plant height and flow.
Analysis on Air Valve Placement in Long-Distance Water Conveyance Pipeline System
Authors: Huang Shi Feng , Wang Feng , Xu Hui , Wei Xiao Xian
Published: December 2012

Water hammer is one of the key factors that can cause accidents by the burst of pressure pipeline. Important features and related reasons of accidents caused by water hammer in long-distance water conveyance pipeline system were introduced, and protection measures were presented. An long-distant raw water conveyance pipeline project was taken as an example to study on the influence of protective effect by different placement schemes of air valves based on hydraulic transient simulation and analysis. Results shows that largest number of air valves does not reach the best and unreasonable placement of air valves might be the cause of an accident. It is critical to select the proper location of air valves, it is necessary to pay more attention on local hump in the front of pipeline near the pump and put exhaust valves instead of inlet valves at the back of pipeline (except some higher hump location).
Numerical Simulation of Two-Dimensional Bluff Body Aerodynamic Noise Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Han Shan Ling , Wang Gui Shen , Yu Li Sha , Wang Yu Yue
Published: December 2012

Aerodynamic noise generated by air-moving devices is a common problem. In this paper, the aerodynamic noise around two-dimensional bluff body flow was simulated by Lattice Boltzmann Method. Utilizing blend radius can reduce the aerodynamic noise around the bluff body notably, and the greater the blend radius, the better the noise reduction effect will be. When the basic shape model is simulated and post-processed, the speed nephogram and the streamline chart of the flow field were obtained. Then Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of some key points was tested. Changing the shape of the bluff body’s vertices to blend radius, the results were compared with those of the basic shape, and the aerodynamic noise was reduced.
Scattering of SH-Waves to Semi-Cylindrical Canyon and Rectangular Elastic Hill on the Ground
Authors: Shi Wen Pu
Published: December 2012

Wave function expansion method and Green function method were employed to study thescattering problem of SH-waves to the semi-cylindrical canyon and rectangular hill on the gr ound. First, the displacements in the half space and rectangular hill were given which can santisfy the stress-free conditions on the free boundaries. Then, the first kind of Fredholm integration equation of the unknown distribution stress was obtained by using the displacement conditions on the common boundary between the half-space and the rectangular hill, and Gauss-Legendre integration formula was used to solve the equation. The given example results show the feasibility and practicability of the method here.
Study and Practice of Fine Sand Recovery and Wastewater Cleaning System for Xinkaiyuan Crushed Stones Company
Authors: Zhang Wen Jun , Tang Jie
Published: December 2012

Water must be sprayed on the screens to wash off the intermixed clay materials and the fines generated while crushing, so slurry were produced and should be treated to adapt to the requirement of clean production and sustainable development. Based on the slurry natures of the stone-crushing and sand-making process, we presented a novel process comprising hydro-cyclone separation, fines screening，clarification and filtration technologies to recover fine sands and clean the wastewater for recycle. The commercial system were established and run for 3 months. It shows that the +0.045mm fine sands and -0.045mm ultrafine clay materials in the slurry are separated and recovered respectively. Fine sands which was lost and wasted originally are recovered now. The ratio of the water cleaned and reused is up to 95%.
Bankside Stability Analysis under the Actions of Rainfall and Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation
Authors: Wang Xu Tao , Chen Shu Jun , Feng Qian
Published: December 2012

It has been accepted that the rainfall and the reservoir water level fluctuation plays an important role in the stability of the reservoir bankside. However, at present, there has not been suitable simplification method for the project application to calculate and appraise. Therefore, based on the Boussinesq’s differential equation of unsteady-seepage and boundary condition, and Laplace’s transform, the curvilinear equation of phreatic line in landslide mass is deduced under the rainfall and the reservoir water level fluctuation conditions, and a simplified formula which can be used in the project is gained by the polynomial fitting. Meanwhile, it holds together the transmission coefficient method to write programs about the bankside stability analysis in the paper. With the Er-Liban landslide of the three Gorges Reservoir area for the computation model, this paper use the program to analyze the change rule and stability of the phreatic line under the reservoir water level fluctuation and rainfall condition.
Sustainable Utilization Evaluation on Water Resources Base on Matter Element Analysis in Huaibei City
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Hong Mei , Xu Guo Wei , Su Hai Min , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2012

The evaluation index system of water resources sustainable utilization was constructed according to the actual situation of water resources development and utilization in Huaibei City, using the matter element analysis method, analyzed water resources sustainable utilization. The results showed that water resources sustainable utilization status were significantly different in different areas of Huaibei City. The potential of water resources development and utilization was great in Suixi County. The water resources developments of Duji District and Lieshan District have a considerable scale, but there were still some potential for the development and utilization. The degree of water resources utilization was large and water resources carrying capacity was saturated in Xiangshan District. The evaluation result showed that using the matter element analysis method in comprehensive evaluation of water resources development and utilization was feasible.
Enrichment and Accumulation of Zinc in the Sediment of Jen-Gen River Estuary, Taiwan
Authors: Dong Cheng Di , Chen Chih Feng , Chen Chiu Wen
Published: December 2012

The spatial distribution, enrichment, and accumulation of zinc (Zn) in the surface sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary, Taiwan, were studied. Results show that samples collected from 11 stations near the estuary of Jen-Gen River contain 221–627 mg/kg of Zn with average of 502±114 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Zn reveals is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary were severe enrichment with Zn. Geo-accumulation index analysis indicates that the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary were moderately strong accumulated with Zn. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the concentrations of Zn in the sediments of Jen-Gen River estuary may cause acute biological damage.
The Application of Visualization Technique to Tidal Current Forecasting in China Offshore Area
Authors: Li Jia Rui , Li Rui Jie , Zhang Yi Feng , Shan Hai Tao
Published: December 2012

Based on C# language, using MSchart control and Matlab toolbox, a tidal current forecasting visual system for china offshore area was built. The forecasting results were shown by static curves and animation. Through the visual system, the operation process of calculation is simplified. The discrete data are shown by pictures and animation which is more intuitively and lively.
Researching the Water Surface Evaporation of Ebinur Lake Basin
Authors: Cui Long , Mu Zhen Xia , Zhang Hong Zhong , Dong Wen Ming , Hung Jing , Chen Ping
Published: December 2012

In rensent years, the constantly shrinking of Ebinur seriously affects the ecological environment of the lake basion. The main way to improve the environment is to ensure adequate ecological water requirement, while lake evaporation is one of the key factors. The paper calculated the lake evaporation below the elevation of 195 meters based on the surveying data of Alashankou and Jinghe weather stations, which provides a scientific basis for predominating the optimally running water level of Ebinur.
Crevice Corrosion Studies on Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Stagnant Natural Seawater
Authors: Machuca Laura L. , Bailey Stuart I. , Gubner Rolf
Published: December 2012

Crevice corrosion (CC) was investigated for a number of selected corrosion resistant alloys in natural seawater containing microorganisms for up to 18 months under stagnant conditions. Experimental controls consisted of tests in natural seawater filtered in accordance with hydrostatic testing procedures. The corrosion potential of alloys was monitored throughout exposure and corrosion was evaluated by weight loss and 3D optical microscopy. CC was initiated on several alloys and corrosion rates in time indicated a positive effect of seawater filtration on the long-term performance of the alloys. Microbial adhesion, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy, occurred mainly outside the crevice and differed according to the nature of the substratum surface.
Study on Management Mechanism of Water Resources in the Process of Urbanization
Authors: Yang Feng
Published: December 2012

Shortage of water resources has become bottleneck which constrains China economic and social sustainable development. With urbanization development, urban population growths and urban-economic-activities increase, shortage of urban water resources has become severer. This paper analyzes urbanization development influences on water resources qualitatively and quantitatively, water resources’ restrictions on regional urban development taking Beijing as an example, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions to build management mechanism of water resources.
Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in Different Exhaust Conditions in Residential Buildings in Winter
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Wu Nan , Qi Wei
Published: December 2012

The research analyzes the residence buildings in winter in China which use toilet exhaust units and kitchen ventilator in various combinations as the existing exhaust system, meanwhile, set adjustable air intakes above bedroom and living room windows respectively. In order to provide certain security to solve the comfortable living environment, the indoor transient CO2 concentration distribution is simulated in different exhaust conditions by software Airpak.
The Experimental Study of Residential Kitchen Gradually Expanding Oriented Structural Member Exhaust Pipe System Characteristics
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Song Bo , Su Zhi Yang
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this paper is to study the residential kitchen exhaust pipe system by introducing a gradually expanding oriented structural member called GEOSM for short and analyze the experimental effects of exhaust volume. With the change of the operating rate, we can obtain the best size of the GEOSM. In order to collate and analyze the experimental data, test the experimental effects of the g GEOSM of different sizes. Not only the pressure of main and branch but also the wind speed of the branch is recorded in this paper. In six floors of 400*250 gradually expanding oriented structural member exhaust pipe system, the fan’s volume can completely meet the basic requirements of everyday life whether its volume is high-end or low-end. The effect of exhaust is obviously better than the other size of the GEOSM when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 250mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm.There arises more smoke down when the cross section width of the GEOSM is 150mm and the cross section length of the GEOSM is 300mm, the height of the GEOSM is 350mm
Effect of Disused Battery on Germination Characteristics of Wheat
Authors: Zhang Heng , Xu Zhao Tang , Han Yu Liang , Chen Zhi
Published: December 2012

The aim was to study the effect of disused battery on wheat germination. The germination characteristics such as germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index, and activity changes of amylase and protease were determinated by germination bed method. The results showed that the disused battery affected wheat germination. With the increase of extract concentration of disused battery, the vigor index based on germination rate at 72h dropped, which indicated that the decrement was more pronounced than germination index of that. The change trends of amylase and protease activity were not difference, which the activities were promoted in the range of low concentrations of extract, but it were inhibited in the range of high concentrations.
Artificial Neural Network for the Control of the Openings and Cooling Systems of the Double Skin Envelope Buildings
Authors: Moon Jin Woo , Kim Soo Young
Published: December 2012

This study aimed at developing an artificial neural network (ANN)-based temperature control method for the double skin envelope buildings. For this, control logic for opening conditions of the inner and outer surfaces’ openings as well as for cooling system’s operation was developed based on the predictive and adaptive ANN model. The parametrical optimization process for the structure and learning methods of the ANN model was conducted in terms of the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in the hidden layers, learning rate, and moment. Then, the performance of this optimized model was tested using the similarity analysis between the predicted values from the ANN model and the measured values from the actual double skin envelope building. Analysis revealed that the developed ANN model proved its prediction accuracy and adaptability in terms of stable Root Mean Square (RMS) and Mean Square Error (MSE) values. Based on this finding, it can be concluded that the developed ANN model showed potentials to be successfully applied to the temperature controls for the double skin envelope buildings.
University Campus Outdoor Space Environment Characteristics of Culture Shape
Authors: Sun Na , Liu Zhao Jun , Zhao Jie
Published: December 2012

This essay is aimed at stressing the importance of the cultural value importance of the outdoor environment of university campus, and reflecting the common understanding of the university students on the value of the outdoor environment of university campus. University campus environment characteristics of culture determine the overall cohesion of the campus and students on the campus of the identity and ownership. Therefore, today's campus planning and design should enhance the campus culture of outdoor space environment, in order to cultivate, education, teachers and students.
The Conceptual Model of Uncertainty Factors in Environmental Issues on late Delivery for Construction Industry
Authors: Baharum Zirawani , Salihin Ngadiman M. , Mustaffa Noorfa Haszlinna
Published: December 2012

Every industry keen to maximize their company profit by fulfils the customer’s satisfaction by perform a very good project deliverable. However, very limited researches on uncertainty in environmental issues (EI) probably could turn as a biggest problem for company, especially in late delivery of project completion for construction industry (CI). Uncertainty factors could be mapped by many causes and affects which known or unknown, statically to totally ignorance. Previously, most of research on uncertainty have been model their factors of uncertainties but pay no attention to the EI, whereas in the real cases all the factors must controlled and manageable even it is in-deterministic or non-realistic. Therefore, the modelling of uncertainty factors in EI on late delivery for CI is very important to studied, and it will be considered to be used as the guidance for decision makers when they are facing of the problems that related to uncertainties. This paper will purpose the conceptual model on progress to the modelling of uncertainty factors in EI on late delivery for CI. The uncertainty of environmental can split into two categories; acts of God and acts of humans.
Influence of Land Use Types on Levels and Compositions of PAEs in Soils from the Area around Hongze Lake
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhou Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

6 congeners of phthalate esters (PAEs) were analyzed in soils with various land use types from the area around Hongze Lake, the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. The total concentrations of 6 congeners (Σ6PAEs ) were 5.070-2.067, 0.723-2.050, 0.331-1.645, 0.002-0.173 mg kg-1 in surface soil from plastic film greenhouse (PG), conventional vegetable fields (CV), plastic film greenhouse-rice rotated fields (PR), and uncultured land (UL), respectively. DnBP and DEHP were dominant species in PAEs averagely accounted for 46.4% and 47.0% of the Σ6PAEs concentrations in all surface soils. And congener percent composition of PAEs in surface soils from uncultured land was considerably different from cultured soils. Vertical distribution of PAEs in soil profile was influenced by land use type, congener species, and the content of congener in surface soil, etc. However, the amounts of PAEs in surface soil accounted more than 58.5% of total amounts in soils. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between total organic C or pH and the concentrations of PAEs in surface soil. The contents of PAEs in soils from the area around Hongze Lake were related with land use types, especially with the use of plastic film. And the general contamination level in soil was comparable or lower than those present in other areas. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the present status of PAEs in soils from the area around Hongze Lake
Calculation of Theoretical Model on Balanced Fertilization in Soil
Authors: Luo Ming Yun
Published: December 2012

All quotas fertifization formula in domestic and foreign, does not have consideration correctly exchange using the soil extraneous－N quantity outside fertifization and works as the season fertilizer to the soil nutrient. Calculates low 1~5 times of use factor works as season by constructed ten kinds of fertifization pattern according to works as season surface phenomenon. This will cause assumes counter-related. That both has wasted the massive fertilizers, and becomes the most widespread surface source pollution. At present, proposed the fertilizer use factor law and the entire quota fertifization pattern after inferential reasoning strictly.Hope it becomes the necessary general equation in quota fertifization.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Erodibility in Upper Yangtze River Region
Authors: Wang Ai Juan , Li Zhi Guang
Published: December 2012

Soil erodibility is the K factor in the universal soil loss equation (USLE). It is generally characterized through soil physical properties-based indices. The soil erodibility of the Upper Yangtze River basin was determined by the national second soil survey data of China. The results shown that the formula calculated K in USLE model has its limitation in the area when the soil organic matter content is bigger than 12 %. An updating relation was developed by 26 sample points’ properties data. The mean value of soil erodibility in study area is 0.0344, and the biggest value distributed in Sichan basin due to the influence of terrain. Soil erodibility in the study area distributes evenly.
The Self-Decay Characteristics of Chlorine Dioxide in Water
Authors: Li Xin Jie , Jiang Dan Nan , Zhang Yue Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to learn the ClO2 decay behaviour in tap water, the kinetics of ClO2 decay in pure water was studied. Under the conditions of tap water treatment and keeping away from light, the effects of temperature and pH on ClO2 degradation were investigated. The results show that the ClO2 decay reaction in pure water is the first-order with respect to ClO2, the decay rate constants increase with increase in temperature or pH. At pH=6.87, the rate constants are 0.012h-1(15°C), 0.017h-1(25°C), 0.023h-1(35°C), and 0.029h-1(45°C), respectively. At 25°C, the rate constants are 0.0083h-1(pH=4.5), 0.0111h-1(pH=5.5), 0.0143h-1(pH=6.5), 0.0222h-1(pH=7.5), and 0.0351h-1(pH=8.5), respectively. The experimental data prove that ClO2 is more stable in acidic or lower temperature water than in neutral, alkalescent, or higher temperature water.
Effects of Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Processes on the Active Organic Matter in Cropland Black Soil
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Jing Shuang , Wang Quan Ying , Liu Lei
Published: December 2012

The action of freeze-thaw is one of the important influence factors which can cause the changes of soil physicochemical and biological characteristics. During the freeze-thaw period the variations of active organic matters in cropland black soil were studied through the in-situ monitoring and determining methods. The surface soil experienced a series of repeated freeze-thaw actions during the alternate from autumn to winter and from winter to spring. The soil active organic matter was in the trend of fluctuation increase from 8.68 mg kg-1to 9.81 mg kg-1 during the seasonal freeze-thaw period. The soil water soluble organic matter was also in a gradually increasing trend, which could increase 33.95% for the surface layer in early April of the next year when compared with that of January. The soil microorganism carbon content increased firstly and then decreased during the seasonal freeze-thaw period, which fluctuated at 912.51-1137.91 mg kg-1. The research showed that the freeze-thaw action could improve the active organic matter and strengthen the adaptability and activity of microorganism, which could promote the mineralization of organic matter.
Soil Humus Compositions and the Influence on Soil Acidity in Larix olgensis Plantation of NE China
Authors: Chen Li Xin , Duan Wen Biao , Wang Jing Hua , Qiao Lu
Published: December 2012

Variation in soil humus compositions (SHC) and the effect on soil acidity (SA) were studied in LOP of NE China. The results showed that for rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon (C) in humic acid (HA) and humin increased from young stand (YS) to near mature stand (NMS) over ages, however, SOM, C in fulvic acid (FA) and humin decreased from NMS to mature stand (MS). Soil humification degree (SHD) were higher in secondary forests than in YS and NMS. As compared with young stand in the first rotation (YSFR), for RS, SOM, C in FA and humin decreased by 4.53%, 35.8% and 1.98% in young stand in the second rotation (YSSR), respectively, but for NRS, SOM, C in HA, FA and humin increased by 46.44%, 43.69%, 47.45% and 49.5%, respectively. Correlation between SHC and SA changed over ages. In RS, close correlation existed among SHC, active acidity (pH, AA), exchange and hydrolytic acidity at different development stages (DDS).
Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics of Greenbelt Soil and Tree Enrichment in Harbin City, China
Authors: Chen Li Xin , Duan Wen Biao , Zhong Chun Yan , Wang Li Xia
Published: December 2012

Soil heavy metal contamination (SHMC) in greenbelt functional areas and their enrichment characteristics in 7 tree species were evaluated. The results showed that Cd contamination is the heaviest in all 4 heavy metals. The pollution level decreases in following order: Industrial Park Greenbelt (IPG), Urban Road Greenbelt (URG), Greenbelt along Both Sides of Songhua River (GBSSR), City Park Greenbelt (CPG), Agricultural Land (AL), Forest and Nursery Greenbelt (FNG). As for Zn, Cu and Cd contaminants, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Populus lasiocarpa is higher than other species, therefore, it should be selected as an important species to repair heavy metal polluted soil; the other tree species with relatively lower BCF can be selected as reserved tree species.