bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using coherent X-rays to follow dynamics in amorphous ices
Authors: Ladd-Parada Marjorie , Li Hailong , Karina Aigerim , Kim Kyung Hwan , Perakis Fivos , Reiser Mario , Dallari Francesco , Striker Nele , Sprung Michael , Westermeier Fabian , Grübel Gerhard , Nilsson Anders , Lehmkühler Felix , Amann-Winkel Katrin
Published: September 2022

Amorphous ice plays an important role in our overall understanding of water's phase diagram.
Biosurfactant-mediated mobility of graphene oxide nanoparticles in saturated porous media
Authors: Chen Jiuyan , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yuwei , Li Yanxiang , Chen Weifeng , Lu Taotao , Qi Zhichong
Published: September 2022

There is currently a lack of scientific understanding regarding how bio-surfactants influence the mobility of graphene oxide (GO) through saturated porous media.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid in biphasic systems using aqueous solutions of amino acids as the product phase
Authors: Guntermann Nils , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: September 2022

The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 in a biphasic reaction system results in formic acid/amino acid solutions with potential use in agricultural applications such as cattle feed, avoiding energy demanding separation for decentralized BECCU concepts.
Wood modification for the synthesis of MOF@wood composite materials with increased metal–organic framework (MOF) loading
Authors: Spieß Alex , Wiebe Janis , Iwaschko Egor , Woschko Dennis , Janiak Christoph
Published: September 2022

A wood modification with MA and APTES was achieved which enabled an increased MOF loading of MIL-53(Al) and ZIF-8 for a potential application of the MOF@wood composite in continuous filtration and catalysis.
Do eco-friendly binders affect the electrochemical performance of MOF@CNT anodes in lithium-ion batteries?
Authors: Javadian Soheila , Heidari Keleshteri Fatemeh , Gharibi Hussein , Parviz Zohre , Sadrpour Seyed Morteza
Published: September 2022

We substituted an organic-based binder with a natural water-soluble binder (CMC) in the anode of a lithium-ion battery.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to C2 products using a copper-sulfide, nanoparticle electrode synthesized by thermal decomposition of sulfur and copper-amine complex ink
Authors: Yabuki Akihiro , Iwamura Yuta , Tachibana Tomoyuki , Lee Ji Ha
Published: September 2022

A copper sulfide electrode was synthesized by thermal decomposition of sulfur and copper-amine complex ink.
Unique selectivity reversal between Am3+ and Eu3+ ions by incorporation of alkyl branching in diglycolamide derivatives: DFT validation of experimental results
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Kanekar Avinash S. , Egberink Richard J. M. , Verboom Willem , Huskens Jurriaan , Mohapatra Prasanta K.
Published: September 2022

Incorporation of alkyl branching at α position in DGA derivative showed reversal of selectivity between Am3+ and Eu3+ which was explained using luminescence spectroscopic and DFT calculations.
Activated carbon fiber modified with hyperbranched polyethylenimine and phytic acid for the effective adsorption and separation of In(iii)
Authors: Gao Xuezhen , Cao Zhiyong , Li Changzhen , Liu Junshen , Liu Xunyong , Guo Lei
Published: September 2022

The PA–HPEI–OACF constructed with PA, HPEI, and ACF displays excellent performance in the adsorption and separation of In(iii).
N-doped Fe2(MoO4)3-decorated MoO3 nanorods via metal–organic framework-involved synthesis as a bifunctional nanoreactor for capturing and catalyzing polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Zhi Hang , Mao Xiaoqing , Liu Xihao , Luo Yuanyan , Shen Pei Kang
Published: September 2022

Advanced bifunctional nanoreactor N-MoO3@Fe2(MoO4)3 prepared by a metal–organic framework-engaged synthesis strategy is used to capture and catalyze lithium polysulfide.
Solvent dependent hindered rotation versus epimerization in axially chiral thiohydantoin derivatives: an experimental and a computational study
Authors: Gunal Sule Erol , Azizoglu Ipek , Arica Oya , Haslak Zeynep Pinar , Aviyente Viktorya , Dogan Ilknur
Published: September 2022

The stereoisomers of the axially chiral 2-thiohydantoins converted to each other only by rotation in toluene, however epimerization (racemization at C5 of the heteroring) was accompanied with rotation in ethanol.
A photo-responsive fluorescent amphiphile for target-specific and image-guided drug delivery applications
Authors: Dey Subhasis , Sen Plaboni , Patel Anjali , Prusty Biswa Mohan , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Manna Debasis
Published: September 2022

CYsome: an acetazolamide grafted cyanine-3-based macrocyclic amphiphile demonstrates target-specificity, biocompatibility, self-imaging, and a NIR-responsive release profile for image-guided chemotherapeutic applications.
Molecular recognition of methylated amino acids and peptides by Pillar[6]MaxQ
Authors: King David , Wilson Chelsea R. , Herron Lukas , Deng Chun-Lin , Mehdi Shams , Tiwary Pratyush , Hof Fraser , Isaacs Lyle
Published: September 2022

The molecular recognition properties of Pillar[6]MaxQ toward methylated amino acids, amino acid amides, and peptides is investigated by a combination of 1H NMR, ITC, indicator displacements assays, and molecular dynamics simulations.
Catalysts’ evolution in the asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electron-poor alkenes
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: September 2022

This review provides a journey of the catalyst usage for the enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electron-poor olefins from the early attempts to the latest achievements. Selected applications are also reported.
Determination of 12 anti-obesity drugs in human plasma by a 96-well protein precipitation plate using HPLC-MS
Authors: Ping Tengteng , Zheng Min , Zhang Pingping , Yan Tianhao , Miao Xufeng , Wang Ke , Lian Kaoqi
Published: September 2022

A 96-well protein precipitation plate combined with HPLC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of 12 anti-obesity drugs in human plasma; the detection method showed high throughout and high sensitivity with suitable recovery.
Hercynite silica sulfuric acid: a novel inorganic sulfurous solid acid catalyst for one-pot cascade organic transformations
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash
Published: September 2022

A novel inorganic sulfurous nanomagnetic solid acid composite was synthesized and its catalytic activity was evaluated in the synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivatives. The catalyst displayed excellent activity and recoverability under green conditions.
Catalytic deoxygenation of palm oil over metal phosphides supported on palm fiber waste derived activated biochar for producing green diesel fuel
Authors: Kaewtrakulchai Napat , Fuji Masayoshi , Eiad-Ua Apiluck
Published: September 2022

Palm oil deoxygenation over palm fiber activated biochar supported metal phosphide catalysts.
Detection and discrimination of sulfur dioxide using a colorimetric sensor array
Authors: Ding Chaoqiang , Ren Yan , Liu Xinyang , Zeng Jingjing , Yu Xinping , Zhou Daxiang , Li Yanjie
Published: September 2022

In this work, a colorimetric sensor array based on six specific color reactions was developed and used for the determination of sulfur dioxide content. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of sulfur dioxide residues in real samples was achieved.
Theoretical design of high-performance halogen anion batteries with MXene electrodes: influence of functional groups, metals, and anions
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ma Ninggui , Wang Tairan , Li Na , Wang Yuhang , Fan Jun
Published: September 2022

13 stable models were screened from 36 halogen anion batteries with MXene electrodes, exhibiting remarkable electrochemical performance.
Multifunctional gradient hydrogel with ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation and ultrahigh conductivity
Authors: Liu He , Jia Xueying , Liu Ruonan , Chen Kun , Wang Zhaoyang , Lyu Tong , Cui Xiaoyu , Zhao Yue , Tian Ye
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an octopus-tentacle inspired multifunctional gradient hydrogel with both ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation and ultrahigh conductivity for soft actuators, wearable electronics and smart circuit switches.
Comparative analysis of the dual origins of the N2O byproduct on MnOx, FeOx, and MnFeOx sphere catalysts for a low-temperature SCR of NO with NH3
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Guo Rui-tang , Ren Shan , Chen Lin , Li Xiaodi , Wang Mingming
Published: September 2022

The formation mechanism of N2O byproduct from NSCR and NH3 over-oxidation dual pathways on MnOx, FeOx, and MnFeOx sphere catalysts were revealed during the low-temperature SCR process.
Rhodamine B functionalized luminescent metal–organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of hydroquinone
Authors: Cao Qi , Yu Qingya , Li Zheng , Huang Zhenzhen , Jia Qiong
Published: September 2022

This work sheds light on the construction of a functionalized luminescent metal–organic framework based fluorescence platform for hydroquinone sensing.
Ultrafast synthesis of NiFe electrocatalysts via a Fenton-assisted corrosion strategy for alkaline water and urea oxidation
Authors: Li Jianan , Sun Wenbo , Zhang Meng , An Jiutao , Gao Peiling , Peng Chong
Published: September 2022

A facile Fenton-assisted etching method was delicately developed to obtain an efficient NiFe electrocatalyst for water and urea oxidation.
Viewpoints on the Implications of Over-The-Counter Hearing Aids
Authors: Coco Laura , Strom Karl , Cavitt Kim , Eberts Shari , Johnson Jani A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to offer diverse viewpoints on the potential impact of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids on patients and hearing health care professionals. OTC hearing aids are discussed from the perspective of an editor of a hearing industry trade publication, an audiologist and business owner, a hearing aid user and consumer advocate, and a researcher and professor.

Conclusions:

Given the increasing attention surrounding OTCs, there is a need to understand diverse perspectives. The editor provides a historical context and overview of the Food and Drug Administration's OTC regulations and reflects on implications based on nearly 3 decades of experience reporting on the hearing industry. An audiologist provides her perspective on what she has observed among clinicians who appear to either resist or embrace the OTC hearing aid concept and offers recommendations for how to engage with OTCs for the benefit of patients. A hearing aid user and consumer advocate shares how OTCs might impact her own hearing care and comments on how audiologists can support consumers who choose OTCs. Lastly, a researcher offers her response to common concerns based in the literature and comments on the perceived value of OTC hearing aids. This article is concluded with a discussion on future areas of need and recommendations.
A radar waveform recognition method based on ambiguity function generative adversarial network data enhancement under the condition of small samples
Authors: Wang Haijun , Hu Tao , Xu Zhongfu , Wu Di , Dai Huanyao , Lv Pinpin , Zhang Yage , Wang Zewen
Published: September 2022

This study proposes a small sample recognition method for radar waveforms based on data enhancement of ambiguity function generative adversarial networks (AFGAN) to address the issue of low recognition rate and unbalanced class recognition rate. First, the concept of ambiguity function efficient contour lines (AFECL) and AFECL subject resolution constant are proposed in order to effectively extract radar waveform features. Based on this, the AFGAN model is proposed for radar waveform data enhancement. Simulation experiments classified and identified six types of radar waveforms, which verifies the effectiveness of the model. The experimental results show that the overall recognition rate is increased by 18.64%–99.25% and the class recognition unbalance is reduced by 40.67%–1.33% under the condition of small samples. Compared with short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) and Wigner‐Ville distribution (WVD), the proposed AFECL features are more suitable for recognition in small samples, and the AFGAN model performs significantly better than that of the classical data enhancement models GAN and general WGAN‐GP. The signal recognition rate reached 94.28% when the SNR was −8 dB. The effectiveness of the AFGAN data enhancement method is verified using comparative experiments.
Precision electron measurements in the solar wind at 1 au from NASA’s Wind spacecraft
Authors: Salem Chadi S. , Pulupa Marc , Bale Stuart D. , Verscharen Daniel
Published: September 2022

Context. The non-equilibrium characteristics of electron velocity distribution functions (eVDFs) in the solar wind are key to understanding the overall plasma thermodynamics as well as the origin of the solar wind. More generally, they are important in understanding heat conduction and energy transport in all weakly collisional plasmas. Solar wind electrons are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium, and their multicomponent eVDFs develop various non-thermal characteristics, such as velocity drifts in the proton frame and temperature anisotropies as well as suprathermal tails and heat fluxes along the local magnetic field direction.

Aims. This work aims to characterize precisely and systematically the nonthermal characteristics of the eVDF in the solar wind at 1 au using data from the Wind spacecraft.

Methods. We present a comprehensive statistical analysis of solar wind electrons at 1 au using the electron analyzers of the 3D-Plasma instrument on board Wind. This work uses a sophisticated algorithm developed to analyze and characterize separately the three populations – core, halo and strahl – of the eVDF up to super-halo energies (2 keV). This algorithm calibrates these electron measurements with independent electron parameters obtained from the quasi-thermal noise around the electron plasma frequency measured by Wind’s Thermal Noise Receiver (TNR). The code determines the respective set of total electron, core, halo, and strahl parameters through non-linear least-square fits to the measured eVDF, properly taking into account spacecraft charging and other instrumental effects, such as the incomplete sampling of the eVDF by particle detectors.

Results. We use four years, approximately 280 000 independent measurements, of core, halo, and strahl electron parameters to investigate the statistical properties of these different populations in the slow and fast solar wind. We discuss the distributions of their respective densities, drift velocities, temperature, and temperature anisotropies as functions of solar wind speed. We also show distributions with solar wind speed of the total density, temperature, temperature anisotropy, and heat flux of the total eVDF, as well as those of the proton temperature, proton-to-electron temperature ratio, proton-β and electron-β. Intercorrelations between some of these parameters are also discussed.

Conclusions. The present data set represents the largest, high-precision collection of electron measurements in the pristine solar wind at 1 au. It provides a new wealth of information on electron microphysics. Its large volume will enable future statistical studies of parameter combinations and their dependences under different plasma conditions.
Automatic detection technique for solar filament oscillations in GONG data
Authors: Luna M. , Mérou Mestre J. R. , Auchère F.
Published: September 2022

Context. Solar filament oscillations have been known for decades. The new capabilities of the new telescopes have afforded routine observations of these periodic motions. Oscillations in filaments show key aspects of their structure. A systematic study of filament oscillations over the solar cycle can shed light on the evolution of the prominences.

Aims. This work is a proof of concept that aims to automatically detect and parametrise these oscillations using Hα data from the GONG network of telescopes.

Methods. The proposed technique studies the periodic fluctuations of every pixel of the Hα data cubes. Using the fast Fourier transform, we computed the power spectral density (PSD). We defined a criterion to consider whether it is a real oscillation or a spurious fluctuation. This consisted of considering that the peak in the PSD must be greater than several times the background noise with a confidence level of 95%. The background noise is well fitted to a combination of red and white noise. We applied the method to several observations that were reported in the literature to determine its reliability. We also applied the method to a test case, which was a data set in which the oscillations of the filaments were not known a priori.

Results. The method shows that the filaments contain areas in which the PSD is above the threshold value. The periodicities we obtained generally agree with the values that were obtained by other methods. In the test case, the method detects oscillations in several filaments.

Conclusions. We conclude that the proposed spectral technique is a powerful tool for automatically detecting oscillations in prominences using Hα data.
Photon ring test of the Kerr hypothesis: Variation in the ring shape
Authors: Paugnat H. , Lupsasca A. , Vincent F. H. , Wielgus M.
Published: September 2022

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration recently released horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole M87*. These images are consistently described by an optically thin, lensed accretion flow in the Kerr spacetime. General relativity (GR) predicts that higher-resolution images of such a flow would present thin, ring-shaped features produced by photons on extremely bent orbits. Recent theoretical work suggests that these “photon rings” produce clear interferometric signatures that depend very little on the astrophysical configuration and whose observation could therefore provide a stringent consistency test of the Kerr hypothesis.

Aims. We wish to understand how the photon rings of a Kerr black hole vary with its surrounding emission. Gralla, Lupsasca, and Marrone (GLM) found that the shape of high-order photon rings follows a specific functional form that is insensitive to the details of the astrophysical source, and proposed a method for measuring this GR-predicted shape via space-based interferometry. We wish to assess the robustness of this prediction by checking it for a variety of astrophysical profiles, black hole spins, and observer inclinations.

Methods. We use the ray tracing code Gyoto to simulate images of thin equatorial disks accreting onto a Kerr black hole. We extract the shape of the resulting photon rings from their interferometric signatures using a refinement of the method developed by GLM. We repeat this analysis for hundreds of models with different emission profiles, black hole spins, and observer inclinations.

Results. We identify the width of the photon ring and its angular variation as a main obstacle to the method’s success. We qualitatively describe how this width varies with the emission profile, black hole spin, and observer inclination. At low inclinations, our improved method is robust enough to confirm the shape prediction for a variety of emission profiles; however, the choice of baseline is critical to the method’s success. At high inclinations, we encounter qualitatively new effects that are caused by the ring’s non-uniform width and require further refinements to the method. We also explore how the photon ring shape could constrain black hole spin and inclination.
Fossil group origins
Authors: Zarattini S. , Aguerri J. A. L. , Calvi R. , Girardi M.
Published: September 2022

Aims. We analyse the large-scale structure out to 100 Mpc around a sample of 16 confirmed fossil systems using spectroscopic information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16.

Methods. We computed the distance between our fossil groups (FGs) and the centres of filaments and nodes from the literature. We also studied the density of bright galaxies, since this parameter is thought to be a good mass tracers, as well as the projected over-densities of galaxies. Finally, we applied a friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm to detect virialised structures around our FGs and obtain an estimate of the mass available in their surroundings.

Results. We find that FGs are mainly located close to filaments, with a mean distance of 3.7 ± 1.1 R200 and a minimum distance of 0.05 R200. On the other hand, none of our FGs were found close to intersections, with a mean and minimum distance of 19.3 ± 3.6 and 6.1 R200, respectively. There is a correlation that indicates FGs at higher redshifts are found in denser regions, when we use bright galaxies as tracers of the mass. At the same time, FGs with the largest magnitude gaps (Δm12 >  2.5) are found in less dense environments and tend to host (on average) smaller central galaxies.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that FGs formed in a peculiar position within the cosmic web, close to filaments and far from nodes, whereby their interaction with the cosmic web itself may be limited. We deduce that FGs with brightest central galaxies (BCGs) that are relatively faint, high values of Δm12, and low redshifts could, in fact, be systems that are at the very last stage of their evolution. Moreover, we confirm theoretical predictions that systems with the largest magnitude gap are not massive.
FilDReaMS
Authors: Carrière J.-S. , Ferrière K. , Ristorcelli I. , Montier L.
Published: September 2022

Context.Both simulations and observations of the interstellar medium show that the study of the relative orientations between filamentary structures and the magnetic field can bring new insight into the role played by magnetic fields in the formation and evolution of filaments and in the process of star formation.

Aims.We provide a first application ofFilDReaMS, the new method presented in the companion paper to detect and analyze filaments in a given image. The method relies on a template that has the shape of a rectangular bar with variable width. Our goal is to investigate the relative orientations between the detected filaments and the magnetic field.

Methods.We applyFilDReaMSto a small sample of fourHerschelfields (G210, G300, G82, G202) characterized by different Galactic environments and different evolutionary stages. First, we look for the most prevalent bar widths, and we examine the networks formed by filaments of different bar widths as well as their hierarchical organization. Second, we compare the filament orientations to the magnetic field orientation inferred fromPlanckpolarization data and, for the first time, we study the statistics of the relative orientation angle as functions of both spatial scale and H2column density.

Results.We find preferential relative orientations in the fourHerschelfields: small filaments with low column densities tend to be slightly more parallel than perpendicular to the magnetic field; in contrast, large filaments, which all have higher column densities, are oriented nearly perpendicular (or, in the case of G202, more nearly parallel) to the magnetic field. In the two nearby fields (G210 and G300), we observe a transition from mostly parallel to mostly perpendicular relative orientations at an H2column density ≃ 1.1 × 1021cm−2and 1.4 × 1021cm−2, respectively, consistent with the results of previous studies.

Conclusions.Our results confirm the existence of a coupling between magnetic fields at cloud scales and filaments at smaller scale. They also illustrate the potential of combiningHerschelandPlanckobservations, and they call for further statistical analyses with our dedicated method.
Multiple stellar populations in the high-temperature regime: Potassium abundances in the globular cluster M 54 (NGC 6715)
Authors: Carretta Eugenio
Published: September 2022

Among the multiple stellar populations in globular clusters (GCs) the very high-temperature H-burning regime, able to produce elements up to potassium, is still poorly explored. Here we present the first abundance analysis of K in 42 giants of NGC 6715 (M 54) with homogeneous abundances of light elements previously derived in our FLAMES survey. Owing to the large mass and low metallicity, a large excess of K could be expected in this GC, which is located in the nucleus of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. We actually found a spread in [K/Fe] spanning about 1 dex, with [K/Fe] presenting a significant anti-correlation with [O/Fe] ratios, regardless of the metallicity component in M 54. Evidence for a K–Mg anti-correlation also exists, but this is statistically marginal because of the lack of very Mg-poor stars in this GC. We found, however, a strong correlation between K and Ca. These observations clearly show that the K enhancement in M 54 is probably due to the same network of nuclear reactions generating the phenomenon of multiple stellar populations, at work in a regime of very high temperature. The comparison with recent results in ω Cen is hampered by an unexplained trend with the temperatures for K abundances from optical spectroscopy, and somewhat by a limited sample size for infrared APOGEE data. There are few doubts, however, that the two most massive GCs in the Milky Way host a K–Mg anti-correlation.
Cultural Sensitivity and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Bobel Matthew Cronon , Al Hinai Alreem , Roslani April Camilla
Published: September 2022

Global surgery is a burgeoning area of global health. Surgeons can engage in one–or many–of the facets of global healthcare delivery: clinical care, capacity building, education, research, etc. Working in an increasingly global community, surgeons must be aware of the richness of cultural diversity at home and around the world such that they can provide culturally sensitive care. This chapter focuses on the most common way in which surgeons engage in global surgery: surgical short-term experiences in global health (STEGHs). Surgical STEGHs pose an intricate set of ethical dilemmas. As team leaders, surgeons must understand the community they intend to serve on these trips. Further, they should confirm that everyone who joins them is prepared to deliver care in a culturally sensitive and competent manner. Finally, surgeons must consider potential ethical dilemmas that may arise before, during, and after surgical STEGHs and have strategies to navigate them.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Therapies to Promote Recovery of Consciousness: Where We Are and Where We Should Go
Authors: Barra Alice , Monti Martin , Thibaut Aurore
Published: September 2022

Therapeutic options for patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are still underexplored. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques modulate neural activity of targeted brain areas and hold promise for the treatment of patients with DoC. In this review, we provide a summary of published research using NIBS as therapeutic intervention for DoC patients, with a focus on (but not limited to) randomized controlled trials (RCT). We aim to identify current challenges and knowledge gaps specific to NIBS research in DoC. Furthermore, we propose possible solutions and perspectives for this field. Thus far, the most studied technique remains transcranial electrical stimulation; however, its effect remains moderate. The identified key points that NIBS researchers should focus on in future studies are (1) the lack of large-scale RCTs; (2) the importance of identifying the endotypes of responders; and (3) the optimization of stimulation parameters to maximize the benefits of NIBS.
Wie unser Gesundheitswesen resilienter Wird: Neue Perspektiven entwickeln
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: September 2022

Energiekrise, Klimakrise, wachsender Fachkräftemangel, Corona-Wellen, Ukraine-Krieg – wir werden in diesen Tagen nahezu überflutet von Nachrichten, die unsere Überzeugung, dass stetiger Fortschritt in einer prosperierenden Gesellschaft nicht aufzuhalten ist und ökonomische Verwerfungen eigentlich immer nur von kurzer Dauer sind, nachhaltig erschüttern.
Personalbemessung: PPR 2.0 kommt – trotzdem Ärger
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Ärger im deutschen Gesundheitswesen scheint untrennbar mit dem Buchstaben „P“ – wie Pflegebudget, Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen oder Pflegepersonalbemessung – verbunden. Endlich hat sich Lauterbach für die Einführung der PPR 2.0 ausgesprochen, schon droht neuer Zoff.
Hitzeschutzpläne: Gesundheitsgefahr in Verzug
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: September 2022

Klimaexperten gehen davon aus, dass in Zukunft Hitzeperioden häufiger auftreten werden. Das hat Folgen für Menschen. Denn gerade Hitze fordert viele Todesopfer. Jedes Jahr gibt es deshalb Forderungen nach besserem Hitzeschutz. Getan wird nach dem Sommer oft wenig. Das Ergebnis: In puncto Hitzeschutz hat Deutschland einiges aufzuholen.
Technische Herausforderungen der Gegenwart und Zukunft: Junges Wissen nutzen
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: September 2022

Erfordert das Zusammenwachsen von Betriebs-, Medizintechnik und IT künftig eine neue technische Ausbildung, eine Art Hybridtechniker, der alle technischen Sparten gleichermaßen kennt und bespielen kann? Fragen wie dieser widmen sich die Young Experts im ÖVKT.
A high-Q superconducting toroidal medium frequency detection system with a capacitively adjustable frequency range >180 kHz
Authors: Völksen F. , Devlin J. A. , Borchert M. J. , Erlewein S. R. , Fleck M. , Jäger J. I. , Latacz B. M. , Micke P. , Nuschke P. , Umbrazunas G. , Wursten E. J. , Abbass F. , Bohman M. A. , Popper D. , Wiesinger M. , Will C. , Blaum K. , Matsuda Y. , Mooser A. , Ospelkaus C. , Smorra C. , Soter A. , Quint W. , Walz J. , Yamazaki Y. , Ulmer S.
Published: September 2022

We describe a newly developed polytetrafluoroethylene/copper capacitor driven by a cryogenic piezoelectric slip-stick stage and demonstrate with the chosen layout cryogenic capacitance tuning of ≈60 pF at ≈10 pF background capacitance. Connected to a highly sensitive superconducting toroidal LC circuit, we demonstrate tuning of the resonant frequency between 345 and 685 kHz, at quality factors Q > 100 000. Connected to a cryogenic ultra low noise amplifier, a frequency tuning range between 520 and 710 kHz is reached, while quality factors Q > 86 000 are achieved. This new device can be used as a versatile image current detector in high-precision Penning-trap experiments or as an LC-circuit-based haloscope detector to search for the conversion of axion-like dark matter to radio-frequency photons. This new development increases the sensitive detection bandwidth of our axion haloscope by a factor of ≈1000.
Fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst exponent: Accelerating diffusion and persistence transitions
Authors: Balcerek Michał , Burnecki Krzysztof , Thapa Samudrajit , Wyłomańska Agnieszka , Chechkin Aleksei
Published: September 2022

Fractional Brownian motion, a Gaussian non-Markovian self-similar process with stationary long-correlated increments, has been identified to give rise to the anomalous diffusion behavior in a great variety of physical systems. The correlation and diffusion properties of this random motion are fully characterized by its index of self-similarity or the Hurst exponent. However, recent single-particle tracking experiments in biological cells revealed highly complicated anomalous diffusion phenomena that cannot be attributed to a class of self-similar random processes. Inspired by these observations, we here study the process that preserves the properties of the fractional Brownian motion at a single trajectory level; however, the Hurst index randomly changes from trajectory to trajectory. We provide a general mathematical framework for analytical, numerical, and statistical analysis of the fractional Brownian motion with the random Hurst exponent. The explicit formulas for probability density function, mean-squared displacement, and autocovariance function of the increments are presented for three generic distributions of the Hurst exponent, namely, two-point, uniform, and beta distributions. The important features of the process studied here are accelerating diffusion and persistence transition, which we demonstrate analytically and numerically.
Spin orbit torque switching of magnetization in the presence of two different orthogonal spin–orbit magnetic fields
Authors: Park Seongjin , Lee Kyung Jae , Han Kyoul , Lee Sanghoon , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margaret , Furdyna Jacek K.
Published: September 2022

Switching of magnetization by spin–orbit torque in the (Ga,Mn)(As,P) film was studied with currents along ⟨100⟩ crystal directions and an in-plane magnetic field bias. This geometry allowed us to identify the presence of two independent spin–orbit-induced magnetic fields: the Rashba field and the Dresselhaus field. Specifically, we observe that when the in-plane bias field is along the current (I ∥ Hbias), switching is dominated by the Rashba field, while the Dresselhaus field dominates magnetization reversal when the bias field is perpendicular to the current (I ⊥ Hbias). In our experiments, the magnitudes of the Rashba and Dresselhaus fields were determined to be 2.0 and 7.5 Oe, respectively, at a current density of 8.0 × 105 A/cm2.
Band structures of molecular beam epitaxially grown MoSe2–WSe2 heterobilayers with different stacking orders on SrTiO3(111) substrate
Authors: Zong Junyu , Wang Ziyu , Wang Kaili , Meng Qinghao , Tian Qichao , Qiu Xiaodong , Xie Xuedong , Zhang Yongheng , Jin Shaoen , Wang Can , Liu Junwei , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2022

Using SrTiO3(111) as a substrate, we grew WSe2/MoSe2 and MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers (HBLs) by molecular beam epitaxy. The in situ scanning-tunneling microscopic measurements revealed that different stacking orders on SrTiO3(111) can result in different interlayer distances dMo–W with dMo–W = 0.77 nm in WSe2/MoSe2/SrTiO3(111) and dMo–W = 0.66 nm in MoSe2/WSe2/SrTiO3(111) separately. A combined study of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic measurements and first-principles calculations further demonstrates that the interlayer distance can essentially affect the band structures of MoSe2–WSe2 HBLs. Our work shows that MoSe2/WSe2 and WSe2/MoSe2 HBLs on SrTiO3(111) substrate would be a platform for studying the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides HBLs, and the modulation of interlayer distance by changing the stacking order of a HBL on a substrate would be a freedom to engineer the electronic structures.
Non-thermal and thermal effects on mechanical strain in substrate-transferred wafer-scale hBN films
Authors: Bera Kousik , Chugh Dipankar , Tan Hark Hoe , Roy Anushree , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: September 2022

Wafer-scale thin films of hexagonal boron nitride have exceptional thermal and mechanical properties, which harness the potential use of these materials in two-dimensional electronic, device applications. Along with unavoidable defects, grains, and wrinkles, which develop during the growth process, underlying substrates influence the physical and mechanical properties of these films. Understanding the interactions of these large-scale films with different substrates is, thus, important for the implementation of this 2D system in device fabrication. MOVPE-grown 2 and 30 nm hBN/sapphire films of size 2 in. diameter are delaminated chemically and transferred on quartz, SiO2/Si, and sapphire substrates. The structural characteristics of these films are investigated by employing Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that not only the roughness but also the height modulation at the surface of the substrates play a pivotal role in determining substrate-mediated mechanical strain inhomogeneity in these films. The statistical analysis of the spectral parameters provides us with the overall characteristics of the films. Furthermore, a Stark difference in the thermal evolution of strain in these films depending on substrate materials is observed. It has been demonstrated that not only the differential thermal expansion coefficient of the substrates and the films, but also slippage of the latter during the thermal treatment determines the net strain in the films. The role of the slippage is significantly higher in 2 nm films than in 30 nm films. We believe that the observations provide crucial information on the structural characteristics of the substrate-coupled wafer-scale hBN films for their future use in technology.
Joule heating and the thermal conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas at cryogenic temperatures studied by modified 3ω method
Authors: Endo Akira , Katsumoto Shingo , Iye Yasuhiro
Published: September 2022

During the standard ac lock-in measurement of the resistance of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) applying an ac current I=2I0sin(ωt), the electron temperature Te oscillates with the angular frequency 2ω due to the Joule heating ∝I2. We have shown that the highest (TH) and the lowest (TL) temperatures during a cycle of the oscillations can be deduced, at cryogenic temperatures, exploiting the third-harmonic (3ω) component of the voltage drop generated by the ac current I and employing the amplitude of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations as the measure of Te. The temperatures TH and TL thus obtained allow us to roughly evaluate the thermal conductivity κxx of the 2DEG via the modified 3ω method, in which the method originally devised for bulk materials is modified to be applicable to a 2DEG embedded in a semiconductor wafer. κxx thus deduced is found to be consistent with the Wiedemann–Franz law. The method provides a convenient way to access κxx using only a standard Hall-bar device and the simple experimental setup for the resistance measurement.
Electronic structure, magnetic, transport, and optical properties of bulk and film Fe2CrGa Heusler alloy. Effect of structural disorder
Authors: Kudryavtsev Y. V. , Uvarov N. V. , Klimov V. V. , Kozlova L. E.
Published: September 2022

Magnetic, transport, and optical properties of thin film and bulk Fe2CrGa alloy samples with different types of atomic order were experimentally investigated. The obtained data were discussed in terms of first-principle calculation results made for the stoichiometric Fe2CrGa alloy with different types of atomic order and disorder. An ultimate atomic disorder in Fe2CrGa alloy films was obtained by employing vapor quenching deposition onto substrates cooled by liquid nitrogen. Annealing of as-quenched Fe2CrGa alloy films causes their crystallization at Tann=750 K with the formation of the disordered A2-type structure, which is accompanied by the rapid growth of alloy resistivity in a narrow temperature range, formation of multi-phase magnetic structure and changes in the optical properties. Crystalline bulk and film Fe2CrGa alloy samples show the dome-like temperature dependence of the resistivity with maximums near their Curie temperatures and explained in terms of competition between negative with temperature contribution from highly resistive media and positive from the electron–magnon scattering. The big resemblance between calculated for Hg2CuTi type of atomic order and experimental optical conductivity spectra for annealed Fe2CrGa alloy films proves that Hg2CuTi type of atomic order is more probable for this alloy.
A modernized view of coherence pathways applied to magnetic resonance experiments in unstable, inhomogeneous fields
Authors: Beaton Alec A. , Guinness Alexandria , Franck John M.
Published: September 2022

This article presents a standardized alternative to the traditional phase cycling approach employed by the overwhelming majority of contemporary Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) research. On well-tested, stable NMR systems running well-tested pulse sequences in highly optimized, homogeneous magnetic fields, the hardware and/or software responsible for traditional phase cycling quickly isolate a meaningful subset of data by averaging and discarding between 3/4 and 127/128 of the digitized data. In contrast, the new domain colored coherence transfer (DCCT) approach enables the use of all the information acquired from all transients. This approach proves to be particularly useful where multiple coherence pathways are required, or for improving the signal when the magnetic fields are inhomogeneous and unstable. For example, the authors’ interest in the nanoscale heterogeneities of hydration dynamics demands increasingly sophisticated and automated measurements deploying Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP) in low-field electromagnets, where phase cycling and signal averaging perform suboptimally. This article demonstrates the capabilities of DCCT on ODNP data and with a collection of algorithms that provide robust phasing, avoidance of baseline distortion, and the ability to realize relatively weak signals amid background noise through signal-averaged correlation alignment. The DCCT schema works by combining a multidimensional organization of phase cycled data with a specific methodology for visualizing the resulting complex-valued data. It could be extended to other forms of coherent spectroscopy seeking to analyze multiple coherence transfer pathways.
Single-chain and condensed-state behavior of hnRNPA1 from molecular simulations
Authors: Bauer D. Janka , Stelzl Lukas S. , Nikoubashman Arash
Published: September 2022

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are essential components for the formation of membraneless organelles, which play key functional and regulatory roles within biological systems. These complex assemblies form and dissolve spontaneously over time via liquid–liquid phase separation of IDPs. Mutations in their amino acid sequence can alter their phase behavior, which has been linked to the emergence of severe diseases. We study the conformation and phase behavior of a low-complexity domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) using coarse-grained implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. We systematically analyze how these properties are affected by the number of aromatic residues within the examined sequences. We find a significant compaction of the chains and an increase in the critical temperature with an increasing number of aromatic residues. The local persistence length is determined in single-chain simulations, revealing strong sequence-specific variations along the chain contour. Comparing single-chain and condensed-state simulations, we find many more collapsed polymer conformations in the dilute systems, even at temperatures near the estimated θ-temperature of the solution. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that aromatic residues play a dominant role in condensation, which is further corroborated by a detailed analysis of the intermolecular contacts, and conversely that important properties of condensates are captured in coarse-grained simulations. Interestingly, we observe density inhomogeneities within the condensates near criticality, which are driven by electrostatic interactions. Finally, we find that the relatively small fraction of hydrophobic residues in the IDPs results in interfacial tensions, which are significantly lower compared to typical combinations of immiscible simple liquids.
Exciton–exciton annihilation in thin indium selenide layers
Authors: Yang Zhangqiang , Zhang Jiaxiang , Ding Xingyu , Sheng Ziqian , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Chen Lan , Yang Ye
Published: September 2022

The photocarrier recombination in van der Waals layers may determine the device performance based on these materials. Here, we investigated the photocarrier dynamics in a multilayer indium selenide nanofilm using transient absorption spectroscopy. The sub-bandgap transient absorption feature was attributed to the indirect intraband absorption of the photocarriers, which was then exploited as a probe to monitor the photocarrier dynamics. With increasing pump intensities, the photocarrier decay was accelerated because of the rising contribution from a bimolecular recombination channel that was then assigned to exciton–exciton annihilation. The rate constant of the exciton–exciton annihilation was given as (1.8 ± 0.1) × 10−15 cm2 ps−1 from a global fitting of the photocarrier decay kinetics for different pump intensities. Our finding suggests that, in contrast with their monolayer counterpart, the exciton–exciton annihilation is rather inefficient in multilayers due to their weaker Coulomb interaction. Hence, compared with monolayers, the lifetime of photocarriers in multilayers would not be significantly reduced under high-intensity pump conditions, and the apparent photocarrier lifetime could be further improved just by suppressing the monomolecular recombination channels such as trapping.
Stacking-order-dependent interlayer coupling in Janus WSSe/WS2 heterostructures
Authors: Erkılıç Ufuk , Wang Shengnan , Sekine Yoshiaki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka
Published: September 2022

In transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures, interlayer coupling plays a crucial role in the design and emergence of diverse properties. Here, we show the control of the interlayer coupling in Janus WSSe/WS2 heterostructures by changing the stacking order. Low-frequency Raman measurements revealed that heterostructures with the S/S interface show strong interlayer coupling compared to those with the S/Se interface. In the case of the S/S interface, photoluminescence (PL) from WS2 was quenched due to charge transfer in the type-II band alignment, while, interestingly, in the case of the S/Se interface, it was enhanced. The stacking-order dependence of the interlayer coupling and photoluminescence are attributed to the direction of interfacial electric field caused by broken out-of-plane mirror symmetry in a WSSe layer. In the case of the S/S interface, the interfacial electric field promotes the charge transfer as evidenced by strong PL quenching. On the contrary, in heterostructures with the S/Se interface, the charge transfer is blocked as the electric field prevents carrier transfer and modulates the band offset. Our results clearly show that Janus TMDCs with intrinsic fields can be effectively used to manipulate the interlayer interactions and optical properties in heterostructures.
Provision of other medical work by Australian early-career general practitioners: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bentley Michael , FitzGerald Kristen , Fielding Alison , Moad Dominica , Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew , Holliday Elizabeth , Ball Jean , Kirby Catherine , Turnock Allison , Spike Neil , van Driel Mieke , Magin Parker
Published: September 2022

Introduction There is a trend towards GPs diversifying their role by working in health areas beyond general practice. However, little is known about whether this trend is apparent among early-career GPs once they make the transition from training to independent practice. Aim To describe the prevalence of and characteristics associated with early-career GPs providing other medical work. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of GPs (‘alumni’) who had fellowed within the past 2 years from three of Australia’s nine regional training programs. The outcome factor was provision of medical work in addition to clinical general practice. Associations of independent variables (encompassing alumni demographics, current practice characteristics and vocational training experience) with the outcome were estimated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 339 responding alumni, 111 (33%) undertook other regular medical work. Sixty-five (59%) of these were in medical education. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with providing other medical work were having a spouse/partner not in the workforce (odds ratio (OR) 5.13), having done any training part-time (OR 2.67), providing two or more of home visits, nursing home visits and after-hours care (OR 2.20), working fewer sessions per week (OR 0.74), and currently working in an area of lower socio-economic status (OR 0.84). Having dependent children (OR 0.27), and being female (OR 0.43) were associated with not providing other medical work. Discussion In this study, many early-career GPs are providing other medical work, particularly medical education. Acknowledging this is important to general practice workforce planning and education policy.