bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche, Selfhood, and the Limitations of the Transcendental Reading
Authors: Sahaj Violi , Vandenabeele Bart
Published: November 2015

The Nietzschean conception of selfhood has been the subject of considerable debate in the Anglophone commentary. This debate has been focused on what Sebastian Gardner coined as ‘the lack of fit’ between Nietzsche’s theoretical and practical remarks on the self. There have been various attempts at a solution to the lack of fit and in this article we address one such solution, which we call the ‘transcendental reading’. We argue that the reading is right to highlight that Nietzschean selfhood risks elimination of first-person practical agency. We contend, however, that the reading limits our understanding of his critique of a strictly first-person conception of selfhood. This critique aims to reject a conception of the self as distinct from the drives. We finally suggest an alternative solution to the lack of fit that takes into account the concerns of the transcendental reading, but seeks to overcome its limitations.
Inclusive Education as Complex Process and Challenge for School System
Authors: Al-Khamisy Danuta
Published: November 2015

Education may be considered as a number of processes, actions and effects affecting human being, as the state or level of the results of these processes or as the modification of the functions, institutions and social practices roles, which in the result of inclusion become new, integrated system. Thus this is very complex process. Nowadays the complexity appears to be one of very significant terms both in science and in philosophy. It appears that despite searching for simple rules, strategies, solutions everything is still more complex. The environment is complex, the organism living in it and exploring it, and just the exploration itself is a complex phenomenon, much more than this could initially seem to be.
Searching Nearest Potential of Children with Intellectual Disability – Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Kulesza Ewa Maria
Published: November 2015

The article discussed the issue of the diagnosis with the use of task-support-task procedure. A theoretical model of diagnosis based on the concepts by L. S. Vygotski, R. Case, and A. Bandura was described and developed. The model was tested on a group of non-disabled preschool children, and children with mild and moderate intellectual disability who were paired up accordingly to their mental age. Each pair was given a set of developmentally adapted tasks. The tool (44 tasks) was reliable and valid. The task-support-task procedure significantly affected the level of the task performance in all the children and allowed to define the scope of potential abilities, especially in the children with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. Most of the task they did fell into the zone of proximal development.
Warum bleiben Menschen gesund? – Salutogenese, Resilienz und Gesundheitskompetenz
Authors: Faltermaier Toni
Published: November 2015

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über verschiedene Entwicklungslinien in den Gesundheitswissenschaften zu geben, die salutogenetische Faktoren und Prozesse thematisieren und damit Antworten auf die Frage nach den Kräften zu geben, die Menschen gesund erhalten. Dabei werden der Gesundheitsbegriff, Widerstandsressourcen und Schutzfaktoren sowie der Praxisansatz der Gesundheitsförderung angesprochen, im Mittelpunkt stehen die personalen Einflüsse, insbesondere die Beiträge eines aktiven Subjekts und seiner Gesundheitskompetenz.
Resilienz als Gelingensfaktor
Authors: Rönnau-Böse Maike , Fröhlich-Gildhoff Klaus
Published: November 2015

Lebenskompetenzen und seelische Widerstandskraft (Resilienz) werden bei der Förderung kindlicher Entwicklung immer stärker berücksichtigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Konzept der Resilienz vorgestellt und die Bedeutung von Schutz- und Resilienzfaktoren hervorgehoben. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass eine wertschätzende Beziehung sowie die gezielte Stärkung von Selbstwirksamkeit, Problemlösefähigkeiten und Bewältigungsstrategien Menschen im Umgang mit schwierigen Lebenssituationen unterstützen können.
Distribution coefficients for the sorption of Th, U, Np, Pu, and Am on Opalinus Clay
Authors: Amayri Samer , Fröhlich Daniel R. , Kaplan Ugras , Trautmann Norbert , Reich Tobias
Published: November 2015

The distribution coefficients (K
d) are determined for the sorption of Th(IV), U(VI), Np(V),
Pu(III/IV/VI), and Am(III) in the system natural Opalinus Clay (OPA) from Mont Terri, Switzerland, and synthetic
OPA pore water at pH7.6 as a function of solid-to-liquid ratio and element concentration. A linear sorption behavior under
the chosen experimental conditions was obtained. The K
d values strongly depend on the oxidation state of the
actinide. The K
d values for the tri- and tetravalent actinides are in the range of 29–159 m3/kg. U
and Np in the oxidation states six and five, respectively, are weakly sorbed on OPA with K
d values of
0.04–0.05 m3/kg. The K
d values for the redox-stable Am(III) and Th(IV) are in the
same range as for Pu(III) and Pu(IV) which are redox sensitive. The K
d value of Pu(VI)
(13 ± 3 m3/kg) is about one order of magnitude lower than the K
d values of Pu(III) and
Pu(IV), but still more than two orders of magnitude higher compared to the values obtained for U(VI) and
Np(V). This discrepancy is attributed to the partial reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(IV) during sorption.
Credibilität
Authors: Oesterreich Peter L.
Published: November 2015

Starting from the Aristotelian conception of rhetoric as ›pithanology‹ the following essay formulates some theses on rhetoric, religion and science. The general thesis states that rhetorically generated credibility is an anthropological principle, which dominates human live and history. In this point of view science with her simple form of purely rational credibility is anthropological insufficient. In contrast, religion has all three dimensions of ›ethological‹, ›pragmatological‹ and ›pathelogical‹ credibility. This advantage gives the religion a great power of identification and community building in human history and explains the amazing return of religions at the beginning of the 21st century.
La „inversión“ como técnica de codificación lingüística
Authors: Gallegos Shibya Alfonso
Published: November 2015

This paper addresses inversion as a linguistic strategy characterized by coding units of content through alternating exponents associated with corresponding units of expression (apud Hetzron 1967). This is a basic pattern that can be carried out in many different ways (and hence is somewhat productive). I will discuss two types of inversion that I have identified and will offer several examples from a synchronic perspective (many in Spanish, but also in other languages of very different linguistic affiliation). In type i, the inversion of formal exponents (AB vs BA) is necessarily associated with two different units of content (“X”, “Y”). In type ii, the inversion of formal exponents (AB vs BA) does not imply the transition to units of different content, but the creation of alternative paradigms for the same categories or functions. The results will show that inversion represents a linguistic strategy that favors the economy of the language system because it does not require a multitude of different features for each case, but rather uses the functional exchange of components of expression associated with the instances of content involved.
The differential representation of number and gender in Spanish
Authors: Fuchs Zuzanna , Polinsky Maria , Scontras Gregory
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the geometry of phi-features, with a special emphasis on number and gender in Spanish. We address two sets of questions: (i) are number and gender bundled together or do they constitute separate categories, and (ii) does the internal feature composition of number and gender follow a single- or a multi-valued system? Given the lack of consensus on these issues based on primary data, we approach these questions experimentally, using the phenomenon of agreement attraction: a situation in which ungrammatical sequences are perceived as grammatical when one of the NPs is erroneously identified as determining agreement. Our results offer novel support in favor of an agreement model in which number and gender are in separte projections and are valued independently. In addition, our results indicate that number but not gender in Spanish is multi-valued.
Layers And Processes In The Model Of Technological Postal System
Authors: Madleňáková Lucia , Madleňák Radovan , Droździel Paweł , Kurtev Ivan
Published: November 2015

The paper include important aspects of layer model of postal technological system such as makes the possibility to define rules for regulating, technical and technological requirements and interfaces to communicate with other postal systems. The current postal reform is mainly attributable to release of network access and ensuring full interoperability between technological systems. Not only to ensure the development and protection of competition but also in respect to the conservation of requirements to provide the universal service, which is the performance of public interest. There is a space here to examine the postal system, not only from a procedural point of view, but to be viewed as an open communication system. It is possible to find there the commonalities with other communication sector branches and to handle the technological postal system in more layers; similarly as the electronic communication systems are handled. Model of layer postal system, based not only on the processes but on layers functionality, will enable to identify communication protocols and interfaces determining interoperability. It also opens the question of appropriate regulation model.
Non-Statistical Oligopeptide Fragmentation by IR Photons with λ=16–18 μm
Authors: Jungclas Hartmut , Komarov Viacheslav V. , Popova Anna M. , Schmidt Lothar
Published: November 2015

In this article we analyse the vibration excitation and following dissociation of protonated oligopeptide molecules induced by IR photons with λ=16–18 μm. The analysis is based on our previous works in which we considered a specific non-statistical dissociation process in organic molecules containing substructures consisting of chained identical diatomic dipoles such as (CH2)n. Such dipole chains can serve as IR antennas for external radiation in the IR frequency range. The acquired vibration energy accumulated in IR antennas can be large enough to dissociate molecules within a femtosecond time interval by a non-statistical process, which is driven by a radiationless low-energy transport mechanism inside the peptide molecules. We point out in this article that the suggested IR-induced dissociation mechanism can be applied to obtain sequence information of protonated oligopeptides.
Curcumin, the main active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), induces apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells by modulating the abundance of apoptosis-related growth factors
Authors: He Ya-Jun , Kuchta Kenny , Lv Xia , Lin Yu , Ye Guo-Rong , Liu Xu-You , Song Hui-Dong , Wang Le-Xin , Kobayashi Yuta , Shu Jian-Chang
Published: November 2015

In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of curcumin against hepatic fibrosis, cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) (HSC-T6) were incubated with curcumin for 24 h, after which apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry. The protein levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Fas and p53b as well as of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were monitored by immunocytochemical ABC staining after incubation with curcumin for 24 h. In the case of 20 μM curcumin, not only was the respective apoptosis index increased, but also the abundance of the pro-apoptotic factors Fas and p53 were amplified, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 decreased. All these effects were highly reproducible (P<0.05). Consequently, curcumin has an up-regulating effect on pro-apoptotic factors like Fas and p53 as well as a down-regulating effect of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, thus inducing apoptosis in HSC.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in granulosa cells
Authors: Bar-Joseph Hadas , Ben-Ami Ido , Ron-El Raphael , Shalgi Ruth , Chuderland Dana
Published: November 2015

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a known trigger of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially life-threatening complication of assisted reproduction. Administration of hCG results in the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the ovary. We have previously shown that expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in granulosa cell line is regulated by hCG, reciprocally to VEGF, and that the PEDF–VEGF balance is impaired in OHSS. Our aim was to explore the signaling network by which hCG downregulates the expression of PEDF mRNA and protein in granulosa cells. We applied specific chemical inhibitors and stimuli to human primary granulosa cells and rat granulosa cell line. We found that PKA and protein kinase C, as well as EGFR, ERK1/2 and PI3K, participate in the signaling network. The finding that hCG-induced PEDF downregulation and VEGF upregulation are mediated by similar signaling cascades emphasizes the delicate regulation of ovarian angiogenesis.
Anurans, Northern Tocantins River Basin, states of Tocantins and Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Brasileiro Cinthia A. , Lucas Elaine M. , Oyamaguchi Hilton M. , Thomé Maria Tereza C. , Dixo Marianna
Published: November 2015

This study presents a list of anurans in the northern region of the Tocantins River Basin (states of Tocantins and Maranhão), with information regarding seasonality, habitat, and microhabitat. We recorded 38 species in 15 genera and seven families. Most species (47 %) occurred exclusively in open areas and only 11 % of the species were found in forest habitats. Around 82 % of species were observed in ponds and only 7 % occurred in streams. Regarding seasonality, 54 % were observed both in the rainy and dry seasons. The northern area of the Cerrado has being rapidly converted in monocultures and information on its anuran fauna is limited. Additional information on its biodiversity is neeed in order to provide the framework for conservation strategies.
Tunicata, Thaliacea, Pyrosomatidae, Pyrosomella verticillata (Neumann, 1909): first record from the southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Carvalho Pedro Freitas de , Bonecker Sérgio Luiz Costa
Published: November 2015

None
Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Riama balneator and Riama vespertina: distribution extension, Ecuador
Authors: Reyes-Puig Juan Pablo , Altamirano B. Marco , Yánez-Muñóz Mario H.
Published: November 2015

None
Syariah Courts in Malaysia and the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence: The Study of Istihsan
Authors: Jamaludin Mohd Hafiz , Buang Ahmad Hidayat
Published: November 2015

Malaysia is among the countries, which have very close relations with Shafi'i madhhab in term of Islamic Law. This can be seen from the provisions of Syariah Law in Malaysia where the opinion of the Shafi'i madhhab is preferred than other madhhabs. However, the current situations and issues cause that the other opinions from the other madhhabs are also used and practiced in order to provide the best solutions. This is also true in respect on the use of sources of Islamic law, such as Istihsan, Istislah and Qawl Sahabi, which are rejected by the Shafi'i madhhab. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the development of Islamic law, particularly in the application of the concept of Istihsan in the Syariah Courts in Malaysia. This study has examined a number of cases reported in the Jurnal Hukum issued by the Syariah Judiciary Department of Malaysia (JKSM). The result of this study found that in several cases, the judges have applied indirectly the concept of Istihsan in their judgment. It is also found that it is actually the provisions of the law that allows the Shariah judges to indirectly apply this concept.
The Effect of Situational Leadership Behavior Organizational Culture and Human Resources Management Strategy on Education and Training Institution Productivity (Survey on Educational and Vocational Training Institutions in West Java Province)
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: November 2015

The aim of this research is to analyze: situational leadership behavior, organizational culture and productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province. The correlation between situational leadership behavior and organizational culture at vocational training institutes, the effect of situational leadership behavior and organizational culture toward productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province. This research uses organizational behavior and human resources management approach. The type of the research is descriptive and verificative, while the method used both descriptive and explanatory survey. Investigation type is casualty and time horizon in cross sectional. The sample size used is proportionate sampling by taking sample 115 vocational training institute of spread over 19 locations totally, all its population counted 719 vocational training institutes in west Java Province. The data analyzed by descriptive analytic and path analysis. The result of research shows, 1) situational leadership behavior and organizational culture in generalities, rather high score and the productivity at vocational training institutes to society, cooperation with company or industry in training program development, and placement of training graduate assessed by rather low, 2) there is correlation which significant between situational leadership behavior and organizational at vocational training institutes in west Java Province, 3) situational leadership behavior, organizational culture has significant effect simultaneously and partially productivity of vocational training institutes in west Java Province.
Islam Aboge: Islam and Cultural Java Dialogue (A Study of Islam Aboge Communities in Ujungmanik, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Prawiro Abdurrahman Misno Bambang
Published: November 2015

Islam came to Java in which the state population has a form of cultural traditions and belief in the power of certain objects (dynamism), the strength of the spirit of the deceased (animism) and belief in the power of the animals (Totemism). This tradition has been passed from generation to generation; it is believed and practiced in daily life. So when Islam came, confidence and trust is dissolved into the Islamic culture. Therefore comes the so-called Islamic syncretism that is acculturation with Islamic tradition. Among the forms of local acculturation (Java) with Islam is a tradition embraced by the Muslim Aboge community in the village of Ujungmanik Kawunganten Cilacap district, Central Java province, Indonesia. These community traditions carry with spiced Javanese Islamic tradition, the Islamic came with local flavor.The specificity of this community are still use the models of Javanese Islamic calendar (calendar Aboge (Alip Rebo Wage)) to determine the beginning of Ramadan, Idhul Fithri and Idhul Adha. Because of the using of the calendar, so that the celebrations of Ramadhan, Idhul Fitri and Idhul Adha is always different to what has been set by the government. This article discusses Islam and Javanese acculturation on Aboge Islamic Community and the dating models they use. With the approach of phenomenology and interpretation of cultural studies in the frame of ethnography, it is expected to make clear this acculturation models.
The Pesantren Networking in Priangan (1800-1945)
Authors: Kusdiana Ading , Lubis Nina Herlina , EQ Nurwadjah Ahmad , Z Mumuh Muhsin
Published: November 2015

This research is about the networks of pesantren in Priangan from 1800 to 1945. The result shows that along 1800-1945, there were many networks that described the relations among pesantrens in Priangan. There are five networks forms as manifested from those relations. First, the networks among pesantrens, which were formed, are based on scientific relation. They are Pesantren Al-Falah Biru, Pangkalan and Keresek in Garut; Gentur, Kandang Sapi and Darul Falah Jambudipa in Cianjur; Sukamiskin Bandung; and Darul Ulum in Ciamis. Those pesantrens have intellectual relation that pointed to one public figure, namely Syekh Khatib Sambas in Mecca. Second, the networks among pesantrens, which were formed, are based on relative (genealogy) relations. The existence of Pesantren Sumur Kondang, Keresek, Gentur, and Cijawura were the ones that have this relation. Third, the networks among pesantrens, which were formed, are based onmarriage relation. For instance, Pesantren Cidewa with Pagerageung, Pesantren Cipari with Cilame, Cipasung with Gentur Rancapaku, Cijantung with Gegempalan, Sukamiskin with Al-Jawami, and Pesantren Sukamiskin with Cijawura Bandung, were the ones that have this relation. Fourth, the networks among pesantrens, which were formed, are based on the similarities in developing a particular Islamic mysticism (tarekat). The existence of Pesantren Suryalaya which develops Qodiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah mysticism—followed by generating their talqin and Pesantren Al-Falah Biru which develops Tijaniyah mysticism—followed by generating their muqaddam are the ones of this relation. Fifth, the networks among pesantrens, which were formed, are based on the same vision of their movement and struggle against the colonizer. The existence of Pesantren Al-Falah Biru with Samsul Ulum Gunung Puyuh through POII (Persatoean Oemat Islam Indonesia) organization, and Pesantren Cipasung with Sukamanah through Nahdhatul Ulama organization in Tasikmalaya were the ones who struggle against the colonizers of Netherland and Japan.
The Roles of Malays in the Process of Islamization of the Malay World: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jalil Mohd. Noh Abdul
Published: November 2015

This paper will deal with problem concerning issues and theories of Islamization of the Malay world, with particular reference to the absence of the important element in these theories, which is the role and contribution of the Malay towards the process of Islamization in this region. Furthermore, there will be a discussion of the problem of generalization of existing theories, as well as issues concerning the limited amount of local evidence to support these theories. Sources for this analysis will be taken from studies of inscriptions, as well  as early Malay text, religious and non-religious texts. Comparison between the existing theories and direct and indirect evidence from sources will be used to ebolerate this matter. The ability of the early Malays to adopt and adapt foreign practices suggest that they also contributed to the entire process of Islamization of the Malay world one way or another.
Producing Appropriation: Negotiating Islam-Sunda in Terebang Sejak
Authors: Lahpan Neneng Yanti Khozanatu
Published: November 2015

This article is an ethnographic account of my research on negotiating Islam and Sunda in Islamic Sundanese music. By taking special case of Terebang Sejak, I draw my attention on the issue based on my fieldwork in Cikeusal village, TasikMalaya, West Java. Observations and interviews are the main tools I used in gathering information. By presenting particularity of Terebang Sejak, this paper aims to present complexity and negotiations that are formed from the interaction between Islam and Sunda in the music in the village. In this context, presenting the idea of the truism of marginalizing Islam on local culture is in accordance with the idea of Indonesian modernity, which has parallelism with the mission of modernist Islam. While many scholars describe Islam in Indonesia with the idea of syncretism to depict the religion as ‘not really Islam’, in this article I provide different interpretation of localizing Islam by which people produce their own interpretation and appropriation in response to social and political changes in their environs. This interpretation will contribute to new understanding in addressing the particularity of meanings based on local knowledge, among Cikeusal people that forms what coded as ‘identity’ of being Muslim-Sunda. Here, Islamic text of Kitab Mulud in the music has played an agentive role to acknowledge the music as Islamic, thus continues to be part of ritual.
Jak awansować w światowej lidze gospodarczej? Kraje Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w globalnych łańcuchach wartości
Authors: Geodecki Tomasz , Grodzicki Maciej Jan
Published: November 2015

The main objective of the article is to present the characteristics of the contemporary wave of globalization on the basis of the concept of global value chains (GVCs) and to draw on this basis positive and normative implications for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In particular, we have outlined the nature of the challenges currently faced by these countries and ref lected on the desirable directions of public policies. Special attention has been given to technological development that enables gaining high value added. Theoretical considerations have been supplemented and supported by empirical arguments in the form of indices of integration of economies in the GVCs, as well as by the conclusions from the economic literature.
Digital Control of a Waste Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Vilanova Ramón , Rojas José David , Alfaro Víctor M.
Published: November 2015

The Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is arguably the most popular bioprocess utilized in the treatment of polluted water. The ASP is described by means of a nonlinear model and results on a Two-Input Two-Output multivariable system. In this paper a discrete time digital control is proposed where the design of a decentralized controller is faced. Local controllers are given the form of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom PI controller tuned using the data-driven Virtual-Reference Feedback tuning approach.
Grain size dependence of yielding in granular soils interpreted using fracture mechanics, breakage mechanics and Weibull statistics
Authors: Zhang Y. D. , Buscarnera G. , Einav I.
Published: November 2015

The macroscopic yield pressure of brittle granular soils is experimentally known to depend on the size of the particles. In this paper this connection is established theoretically within a unified framework that integrates principles of fracture mechanics, breakage mechanics and Weibull's weakest link theory. In particular, the work input at which a granular continuum begins to comminute is linked to the specific fracture energy at which a single particle fails, which reveals an intrinsic length scale in the form of the mean grain size of the initial assembly. The macroscopic yield pressure is then connected with both grain size and the specific fracture process developing at the grain scale. The impacts on macroscopic yield pressure of various grain fracture mechanisms are explored, discussed and assessed against a wide set of data at both particle and assembly scale. This work provides a new theoretical basis to estimate the effect of widely variable particle sizes in large-scale applications for which direct testing is not feasible, such as rockfill engineering and mining technologies.
Housing and population sprawl near tailings storage facilities in the Witwatersrand: 1952 to current
Authors: Kneen Melanie A. , Ojelede Matthew E. , Annegarn Harold J.
Published: November 2015

Mining, tailings storage facilities (TSFs), dust pollution and growth in residential housing development are synonymous with the Witwatersrand, South Africa. Encroachment of housing onto land close to TSFs, i.e. areas rendered marginal because of the dust hazard and risk of structural failure, has continued unabated for decades, intensifying human exposure to windblown mineral dust. Recent research indicates that the finer milling used for modern gold extraction results in aeolian dust emanating from the TSFs which contributes to a higher proportion of inhalable particles in the source material. Air quality dispersion modelling, validated by ambient aerosol monitoring campaigns, indicates that episodic dust events generate particulate matter (PM10) and, specifically, quartz dust concentrations that are unhealthy at distances of up to 2 km downwind from TSFs. This contribution documented residential development from 1952 to 2011 (using historical aerial photographs, census data from 2001 and 2011 and ancillary information) to determine the population exposed to dust emanations from the TSFs. Using the images, land use was classified into residential areas, TSF footprints and open areas, onto which a series of 500 m buffer zone contours were superimposed. The resulting statistics were used to assess the populations exposed to dust hazard within the defined buffer zones. Overall, housing development has experienced a growth of approximately 700% since 1952 at a rate of 14% per year. Analysis of recent monitoring campaign data has confirmed multiple occurrences of quartzrich inhalable dust in residential settings at levels that exceed occupational health standards, extrapolated to values for population exposure.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop
Authors: Motsa Nozipho M. , Modi Albert T. , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe
Published: November 2015

Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.
Assessing the effects of climate change on distributions of Cape Floristic Region amphibians
Authors: Mokhatla Mohlamatsane M. , Rödder Dennis , Measey G. John
Published: November 2015

Climatic changes have had profound impacts on species distributions throughout time. In response, species have shifted ranges, adapted genetically and behaviourally or become extinct. Using species distribution models, we examined how changes in suitable climatic space could affect the distributions of 37 endemic frog species in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) – an area proposed to have evolved its megadiversity under a stable climate, which is expected to change substantially in future. Species distributions were projected onto mean climate for a current period (1950 to 2000), hindcasted to palaeoclimate (Last Glacial Maximum; LGM ≈ 21 kya and Holocene Glacial Minimum; HGM ≈ 6 kya) and forecasted for two emissions scenarios (A2a and B2a) for the year 2080. We then determined the changes in area sizes, direction (longitude and latitude), fragmentation index and biotic velocity, and assessed if these were affected by life-history traits and altitude. We found that the biotic velocity at which the CFR amphibian community is expected to shift north (A2a ≈ 540.5 km/kya) and east (B2a ≈ 198 km/kya) far exceeds historical background rates (≈1.05 km/kya, north and west ≈ 2.36 km/kya since the LGM). Our models further suggest that the CFR amphibian community has already lost about 56% of suitable climate space since the LGM and this loss is expected to accelerate under future emission scenarios (A2a ≈ 70%; B2a ≈ 60%). Lastly, we found that highland species were more fragmented than lowland species between the LGM and current period, but that the fragmentation of lowland species between current and future climates is expected to increase.
O JOGO COMPUTACIONAL: O DESENVOLVIMENTO E OS DESAFIOS DA APRENDIZAGEM ENVOLVENDO TEMAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Pereira Regina Célia Soares , Miranda Antonio Carlos de
Published: November 2015

Este artigo traz à tona uma proposta de integração mídia-educação na prática escolar. Temos como pressuposto de que essa integração represente uma importante estratégia de ensino aprendizagem, no entanto, é necessário estarmos atentos para que seja crítica e criativa na produção do conhecimento. Acreditamos que o lúdico potencializa a construção do conhecimento e a motivação ao estudo em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta investigação é desenvolver uma atividade em educação ambiental com uma turma do 5º ano do primeiro segmento do Ensino Fundamental, centrada em jogos computacionais, mas, ao mesmo tempo, fazendo um vínculo com realidade dos alunos.Palavras chave: jogos computacionais; lúdico; educação ambiental; resíduos sólidos. THE COMPUTER GAME: THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES OF LEARNING INVOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RESUME: This article brings up a proposal to integrate media education in school practice . We assume that this integration represents an important teaching strategy learning, however, it is necessary to be attentive to be critical and creative in knowledge production . We believe that the playful enhances the construction of knowledge and the motivation to study in the classroom . In this sense, the objective of this research is to develop an activity in environmental education with a class of 5th year of the first segment of Elementary Education , focused on computer games , but at the same time, making a link with reality of students.Keywords: computer games; playful; environmentalEL JUEGO DE ORDENADOR: EL DESARROLLO Y LOS DESAFÍOS DE APRENDIZAJE QUE INVOLUCRAN CUESTIONES AMBIENTALES RESUMEMEn este artículo se plantea una propuesta para integrar la educación en medios en la práctica escolar. Suponemos que esta integración representa una importante estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje, sin embargo, es necesario estar atentos a ser crítico y creativo en la producción de conocimiento. Creemos que la juguetona realza la construcción del conocimiento y la motivación para estudiar en el aula. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es el desarrollo de una actividad de educación ambiental con una clase de quinto año del primer segmento de la Educación Primaria, se centró en los juegos de ordenador, pero al mismo tiempo, hacer un vínculo con la realidad de los estudiantes.Palabras clave: juegos de ordenador; juguetón; educación ambiental; residuos sólidos.
Recommendations for the Successful Design and Implementation of Competency‐Based Medical Education in Korea
Authors: Yoon Bo Young , Choi Ikseon , Kim Sejin , Park Hyojin , Ju Hyunjung , Rhee Byoung Doo , Lee Jong-Tae
Published: November 2015

Competency-based medical education (CBME) is an outcome-oriented curriculum model for medical education that organizes learning activities and assessment methods according to defined competencies as the learning outcomes of a given curriculum. CBME emerged to address the accountability of medical education in response to growing concerns about thepatient safety in North America in the 1970s, and the number of medical schools adopting CBME has dramatically increased since 1990. In Korea, CBME has been under consideration as an alternative curriculum model to reform medical education since 2006. The purpose of this paper is three-fold: (1) to review the literature on CBME to identify the challenges and benefits reported in North America, (2) to summarize the process and experiences of planning and implementing CBME at Inje University College of Medicine, and finally (3) to provide recommendations for Korean medical schools to be better prepared for the successful adoption of CBME. In conclusion, one of the key factors for successful CBME implementation in Korea is how well an individual school can modify the current curriculum and rearrange the existing resources in a way that will enhance students’ competencies while maximizing the strengths of the school’s existing curriculum.
The Effectiveness of a Career Design Program for Medical Students
Authors: Yoo Hyo Hyun , Park Kwi Hwa , Kim Seong Yong , Im Sun Ju
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop a career planning program for medical students and to examine its effectiveness with regard to career choice motivation and career maturity. A total of 89 medical students participated in the study. Forty-four were in the experimental group and 45 were in the control group. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test, analysis of covariance, descriptive statistics, and analysis of frequency by PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc.). A career planning program was developed using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) model. The contents of self-understanding and career exploration were included in this program. The program was conducted as a seminar with preferred major professors. There was a significant difference in the intrinsic motivation score between the control and experimental groups (p
Architectural Design Approach of New Medical Education Building Fit for Pedagogy Changes
Authors: Kim Namju
Published: November 2015

This literature review explores relevant research and evaluation on pedagogy and physical learning spaces. This study also is intended to encourage discussion among stakeholders on the best medical school developments, in light of emerging learning trends relevant to their institutions. The study has revealed that new environments for learning are being designed or reshaped in response to changing pedagogical approaches, to incorporate new information technology, and to accommodate the changing abilities of new generations of learners. Formal teaching spaces for large groups with a ‘sage on a stage’ are becoming less common than smaller lecture rooms, although classrooms form a large component of universities and will continue to dominate in the future. However, the traditional layout of these spaces is being transformed to incorporate multiple learning modes. Classrooms should be profound places of revelation and discovery. A well-designed space has the ability to elevate discourse, encourage creativity, and promote collaboration. Within the classroom walls, a learning space should be as flexible as possible, not only because different teachers and classes require different configurations, but because in order to fully engage in learning, students need to transition between lectures, group study, presentations, discussions, and individual work time.
R2P’s “Ulterior Motive Exemption” and the Failure to Protect in Libya
Authors: Bachman Jeffrey
Published: November 2015

Mass atrocity prevention has been controversial, both when members of the international community have taken action as well as when they have failed to do so. In 1999, then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan challenged the international community to reconcile the need to respect state sovereignty with the need to protect populations from egregious human rights violations. R2P’s emergence offered an opportunity to move past the discourse and practice associated with its predecessor—“humanitarian intervention.” However, while R2P has succeeded in changing the discourse, it has failed to make a change in practice. A source of this failure is R2P’s “ulterior motive exemption.” Using the R2P intervention in Libya as a case study, this article concludes that because ulterior motives existed: (1) NATO’s primary intent of civilian protection quickly evolved into the intent to overthrow Muammar Qaddafi; (2) in exceeding its mandate, NATO committed an act of aggression; (3) NATO continued to militarily support the rebels while they were committing war crimes and severe human rights violations; (4) NATO’s actions resulted in civilian casualties, which NATO has refused to investigate; and (5) NATO abdicated its responsibility to protect Libyans from the human suffering that continued subsequent to Qaddafi’s execution.
A Core National Security Interest: Framing Atrocities Prevention
Authors: Levinger Matthew
Published: November 2015

This essay analyzes President Barack Obama’s communication strategies in his speeches and presidential statements concerning threats of mass atrocities in Libya, Syria, and Iraq from 2011 through 2015. It examines how he has used three rhetorical “frames” to explain events in these countries and to advocate specific U.S. policy responses: the “legalistic” (or “liberal internationalist”), the “moralistic,” and the “security” frame. Obama utilized primarily the legalistic frame to justify U.S. military intervention in Libya in 2011, and he relied mainly on the security frame (focusing on terrorist threats against U.S. nationals) to justify the deployment of U.S. military forces against ISIL in Iraq and Syria in 2014−2015. Obama’s rhetorical framing of the violence perpetrated by the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad since 2011 has been less consistent. Hardly ever in these speeches did Obama suggest that mass atrocities per se constituted a threat to U.S. national security—despite the declaration in Obama’s 2011 Presidential Study Directive on Mass Atrocities that “preventing mass atrocities and genocide is a core national security interest” of the United States. Utilizing an approach to linguistic analysis developed by Roman Jakobson, the paper shows how Obama has employed rhetorical devices that emphasize the boundaries between the “in-group” of the American national community and the “out-groups” in other countries who are threatened by mass atrocities. Because members of an in-group are typically depicted as warranting greater concern than members of out-groups, Obama’s assignment of victimized communities to out-group status has effectively justified inaction by the U.S. government in the face of genocidal violence.
Nuevos tiempos, ¿nuevos lectores?
Authors: Cerrillo Torremocha Pedro C. , Senis Fernández Juan
Published: November 2015

¿Cuál es el futuro de la lectura en la era de la electrónica? ¿Y el de los libros? Hoy en día, nos encontramos con estas dos preguntas (o similares) cada vez que alguien relacionado con la escritura, la lectura, la educación literaria o la industria editorial (escritores, críticos, investigadores, editores, maestros) reflexiona sobre el futuro de los libros, la lectura y la Literatura. Parece tratarse de un gran problema, quizás debido a que los hábitos de lectura están sufriendo una visible transformación bajo la incuestionable influencia de la televisión y las nuevas tecnologías. Si la televisión es probablemente el medio más usado por los niños, el uso de internet está incrementándose por todo el mundo. Además, no podemos pasar por alto la potente influencia de los videojuegos. Nuestro propósito es mostrar cómo nuevas maneras de leer (practicadas por lo que podemos llamar “nuevos lectores”) están cambiando el concepto tradicional de lectura. Asimismo, concluimos nuestro artículo argumentando que las nuevas tendencias en la lectura son un desafío para investigadores, docentes y autoridades, los cuales deben enfrentarse a la necesidad de preocuparse por la educación literaria y al desafío de crear un nuevo lector: un buen lector, un lector literario.
Anton van der Lem, De Opstand in de Nederlanden, 1568-1648. De Tachtigjarige Oorlog in woord en beeld
Authors: Arnade Peter
Published: November 2015

Anton van der Lem, De Opstand in de Nederlanden, 1568-1648. De Tachtigjarige Oorlog in woord en beeld (Nijmegen: Vantilt, 2014, 252 pp., isbn 978 94 6004 192 1).
Adam Clulow, The Company and the Shogun: The Dutch Encounter with Tokugawa Japan
Authors: Van Ittersum Martine Julia
Published: November 2015

Adam Clulow, The Company and the Shogun: The Dutch Encounter with Tokugawa Japan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014, 352 pp., isbn 978 0 2311 6428 3).
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Gajdka Jerzy
Published: November 2015

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PENGARUH IMPREGNASI LOGAM TITANIUM PADA ZEOLIT ALAM MALANG TERHADAP LUAS PERMUKAAN ZEOLIT
Authors: Rianto Lalang Budi , Amalia Suci , Khalifah Susi Nurul
Published: November 2015

Effort that can  maximize the working of natural zeolite is by activation and modification as a carrier of active metals or commonly called impregnation. Modified zeolite by impregnation using titanium metal is to increase the performance of a pure metal catalysts such as low in thermal stability, decreasing surface area and sintering occurs (clotting) and expensive in the application. Bearers Treatment in the metallic solids by  impregnating the zeolite would make the metals in zeolites as bifungsional catalysts.

Modified Malang’s natural zeolite starting with the activation process using a solution of NH4NO3 2 M, continued by the addition of titanium metal used in zeolite TiO2 solution with a concentration of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M. Modified zeolite crystallinity characterized analized by XRD analysis. Methylen blue adsorption on Ti-zeolite is to measure the specific surface area. SEM surface morphology analysis is used to determine the content of the element is by using XRF analysis.

Characterization using XRD analysis results indicate that Malang’s natural zeolite not changed in the structure, but it changes the intensity due to the addition of titanium. The largest surface area measurement obtained from the treatment of Ti-zeolite 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M are : 23.159; 23.077 and 20.848 m2/gr. SEM analysis showed that titanium metal dispersion fairly evenly after the modification. While from the XRF analysis showed that the ratio of Si / Al increased to 4.354 and content of titanium in the Ti-natural zeolite Malang is 13.6%.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 70 %, EKSTRAK DAN ISOLAT SENYAWA FLAVONOID DALAM UMBI BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)
Authors: Rizkia Putri , Jannah Akyunul , Hasanah Hafidatul
Published: November 2015

Tanaman Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Salah satunya bagian umbi tanaman binahong. Sebagaimana firman Allah SWT dalam QS. Asy Syu’Araa’; 7, QS. Thaha; 53 dan QS. Luqman; 10 bahwasannya Allah menciptakan tumbuhan baik yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia. Salah satu pemanfaatan umbi binahong adalah sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antioksidan dalam ekstrak etanol 70 %, ekstrak dan isolat senyawa flavonoid umbi binahong Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis.

Ekstraksi senyawa aktif umbi tanaman binahong dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70 %. Hasil ekstraksi dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2N dan dipartisi untuk mendapatkan ekstrak senyawa flavonoid. Ekstrak etanol 70 % dan ekstrak senyawa flavonoid umbi binahong diuji efektivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode  DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi. Identifikasi golongan senyawa aktif dilakukan dengan penambahan reagen dan diamati secara kualitatif. Ekstrak flavonoid dipisahkan dengan metode KLT menggunakan eluen n-butanol-asam asetat-air (4:1:5) selanjutnya isolat diuji antioksidan kembali.

Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak flavonoid memiliki efektivitas antioksidan lebih baik daripada ekstrak etanol 70 %. Nilai EC50 ekstrak flavonoid sebesar 178,60 mg/L dan ekstrak etanol 70 % umbi binahong sebesar 298,10 mg/L. Hasil pemisahan KLT Preparatif didapatkan empat isolat, efektivitas antioksidan fraksi aktif senyawa flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada isolat ketiga sebesar 7,16 %.