bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-step generation of 1D FeCo nanostructures
Authors: Sedrpooshan Mehran , Ternero Pau , Bulbucan Claudiu , Burke Adam M , Messing Maria E , Westerström Rasmus
Published: April 2024

Magnetic one-dimensional structures are attractive nanomaterials due to the variety of potential applications they can provide. The fabrication of bimetallic 1D structures further expands the capabilities of such structures by tailoring the magnetic properties. Here, a single-step template-free method is presented for the fabrication of 1D FeCo alloy nanochains. In this approach, charged single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticles are first generated by the co-ablation of pure Fe and Co electrodes under a carrier gas at ambient pressures and attracted to a substrate using an electric field. When reaching the surface, the particles are self-assembled into parallel nanochains along the direction of an applied magnetic field. The approach allows for monitoring the self-assembly particle by particle as they are arranged into linear 1D chains with an average length controlled by the deposited particle concentration. Magnetometry measurements revealed that arranging nanoparticles into nanochains results in a 100% increase in the remanent magnetization, indicating significant shape anisotropy. Furthermore, by combining x-ray microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, we have studied the local magnetization configuration along the nanochains. Our findings show that variations in magnetocrystalline anisotropy along the structure play a crucial role in the formation of magnetic domains.
Shape, velocity, and exact controllability for the wave equation on a graph with cycle
Authors: Avdonin S. , Edward J. , Zhao Y.
Published: April 2024

Exact controllability is proved on a graph with cycle. The controls can be a mix of controls applied at the boundary and interior vertices. The method of proof first applies a dynamical argument to prove shape controllability and velocity controllability, thereby solving their associated moment problems. This enables one to solve the moment problem associated with exact controllability. In the case of a single control, either boundary or interior, it is shown that exact controllability fails.
On Kitaev’s determinant formula
Authors: Elgart A. , Fraas M.
Published: April 2024

A sufficient condition is established under which

det
(
A
B

A

−
1

B

−
1

)
=
1

\det (ABA^{-1}B^{-1})=1

for a pair of bounded, invertible operators

A
,
B

A,B

on a Hilbert space.
Circuit synthesis based on a prescribed Lagrangian
Authors: Figotin A.
Published: April 2024

On the basis of a prescribed quadratic Lagrangian, an algorithm of synthesis for an electric circuit is suggested here. That is, the circuit evolution equations are equivalent to the relevant Euler–Lagrange equations. The proposed synthesis is a systematic approach that allows one to realize any finite-dimensional physical system described by a quadratic Lagrangian in a lossless electric circuit so that their evolution equations are equivalent. The synthesized circuit is composed of (i) capacitors and inductors of positive or negative values for the respective capacitances and inductances, and (ii) gyrators. The circuit topological design is based on the set of

L
C

LC

fundamental loops (f-loops) that are coupled by

G
L
C

GLC

-links each of which is a serially connected gyrator, capacitor, or inductor. The set of independent variables of the underlying Lagrangian is identified with f-loop charges defined as the time integrals of the corresponding currents. The EL equations for all f-loops account for the Kirchhoff voltage law whereas the Kirchhoff current law is fulfilled naturally as a consequence of the setup of the coupled f-loops and the corresponding charges and currents. In particular, the proposed synthesis provides for efficient implementation of the desired spectral properties in an electric circuit. The synthesis provides also a way to realize arbitrary mutual capacitances and inductances through elementary capacitors and inductors of positive or negative respective capacitances and inductances.
Comparison of the solid-phase red cell adherence assay and tube method for detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies
Authors: Abdelmonem Mohamed , Dussaq Alex , Papakonstantino Kathy , Yunce Muharrem , Virk Mrigender Singh
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Identifying antibodies to red blood cell antigens is one of transfusion medicine’s critical responsibilities. The International Society of Blood Transfusion recognizes 354 red blood cell antigens. Accurate identification of clinically significant alloantibodies is imperative for preventing hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We compared the performance of the tube (polyethylene glycol–indirect antiglobulin test [PEG-IAT]) and solid-phase red cell adherence assay techniques.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study on all antibody screens performed between 2007 and 2021 at Stanford Transfusion Services. Initially, 631,535 antibody screens were performed using a solid-phase technique. Subsequent antibody identifications were performed using a combination of tube testing and solid-phase techniques.

Results

Antibody screening resulted in 28,316 (4.5%) positive samples. Antibody identification performed on both platforms identified 50 discordant samples. The anti-E antibody had the lowest sensitivity (98.99%) in the automated solid-phase technique, while anti-Jkb had the lowest sensitivity (98.78%) with the PEG-IAT method.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first robust, 15-year study comparing methodologic sensitivity to detect clinically significant alloantibodies. The incidence of discordant results between PEG-IAT and the solid-phase technique was low. Among discordant samples, anti-Jka was commonly detected using the solid-phase method but not with the PEG-IAT. In contrast, anti-E was commonly detected by PEG-IAT but not by the solid-phase method.
Myotonometry in machinery operators and its relationship with postural ergonomic risk
Authors: Urrejola-Contreras Gabriela P , Martínez José Miguel , Rodríguez-Bagó Mónica , Ronda Elena
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To analyze the association between occupational ergonomic risk, personal characteristics, and working conditions with the biomechanical properties of stiffness and muscular tone in the paravertebral muscles of electric pallet jack and forklift operators in the industrial sector.

Methods

A total of 75 industrial sector machine operators were evaluated in 2021. Personal characteristics and working conditions were assessed through a questionnaire. Ergonomic risk was assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, and biomechanical properties of stiffness and muscular tone were obtained using the Myoton Pro device. Stiffness in paravertebral muscles was compared based on the operated machine and observed ergonomic risk. A multilevel linear regression model was employed to quantify the relationship, with mean differences and 95% CI calculated.

Results

Very high ergonomic risk was found in 75% of the electric pallet truck drivers. In this group with the highest ergonomic risk, an association between biomechanical properties and older workers was observed. Additionally, among electric pallet truck drivers, stiffness (mean difference 335.9 N/m, 95% CI: 46.4 (3.4 to 110.0), P < 0.05) and paravertebral muscle tone (mean difference 17.5 Hz, 95% CI: 1.4 (0.1 to 3.4), P < 0.05) showed statistically significant differences in the very high ergonomic risk category compared to the high-risk category. No significant differences were observed in any of the analyzed variables among forklift drivers.

Conclusions

Workers operating electric pallet trucks with very high ergonomic risk according to the REBA method and aged over 40 yr are associated with increased muscle stiffness and tone.
Cartilage Warping in Rhinoplasty: An Assessment of Temperature, Carving, and Suturing Conditions
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmine , Khetpal Sumun , Ozaki Wayne , Roostaeian Jason
Published: April 2024

Goals/Purpose

Rhinoplasty is often contingent on the successful harvesting and allocation of cartilage in order to build the nasal framework. While autologous and cadaveric cartilage grafts have been utilized, it remains unclear how factors, such as suturing and carving techniques, as well as temperature, impact its short- and long-term warping potential. Our systematic review seeks to objectively assess how various carving (i.e. peripheral versus central, eccentric versus concentric), suture patterns (i.e. counter-balancing, oppositional), and temperature conditions impact the warping potential of cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty. In conducting this study, we hope to determine the optimal conditions for stable cartilage constructs in rhinoplasty.

Methods/Technique

A systematic literature review was conducted using a combination of terms including, “warp,” “rhinoplasty,” “cartilage,” “suture,” “temperature,” “carving,” and “cutting.” Removal of duplicates was performed, followed by further screening by abstract and full text. To reduce the possibility of bias, a standardized form was used for data extraction; variables including author, year of publication, journal of publication, study design, conditions, and results were recorded.

Results/Complications

A total of eleven studies were included in the analysis. Cartilage types included fresh frozen cadaveric graft, autologous costal cartilage, and bovine rib cartilage. Conditions associated with reduced warping include central and concentric based carving patterns, oppositional suturing; Peripherally and eccentric cut cartilage, as well as increased time, were associated with a higher degree of warping.

Conclusion

To the authors’ knowledge, our systematic analysis is the first to summarize the impact of various conditions on cartilage warping in rhinoplasty. Moreover, we determine the protective nature of certain carving and suturing methods - particularly central, concentric carving, and oppositional suturing - in minimizing cartilage warping. With this information, we hope to guide plastic surgeons in optimizing conditions to potentially prevent cartilage warping, and ultimately, provide reliable and sustainable results for patients undergoing rhinoplasty.
The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Post-Operative Outcomes in Abdominal Body Contouring: A Propensity Score-Matched Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Escobar-Domingo Maria J , Alvarez Angelica Hernandez , Foppiani Jose , Taritsa Iulianna , Schuster Kirsten , Fanning James , Lee Daniela , Lin Samuel , Lee Bernard
Published: April 2024

Goals/Purpose

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents cardiometabolic dysregulation, defined by hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Its prevalence is on the rise, affecting approximately 47.3% of U.S. adults. In recent years, MetS has been associated with an elevated risk of postoperative complications. However, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of how patients with MetS fare after abdominal body contouring procedures. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of MetS on postoperative outcomes of abdominal body contouring by concurrent abdominoplasty and panniculectomy.

Methods/Technique

The ACS-NSQIP database was utilized to identify patients who underwent concurrent abdominoplasty and panniculectomy procedures from 2015 to 2021. Through propensity score matching, distinct cohorts were established based on the presence of MetS, characterized by patients receiving medical interventions for diabetes mellitus and hypertension, with a body mass index exceeding 30kg/m2. Disparities among groups were assessed via unpaired T-tests and Fisher's Exact tests. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the occurrence of mild and severe systemic complications, reoperation rates, and wound complications between these groups.

Results/Complications

A total of 13,346 patients underwent abdominal body contouring. Following propensity score matching, 586 patients were included in the analysis, with 293 in each group (MetS vs. non-MetS). Bivariate analysis revealed a longer hospital length of stay (2.4 vs. 1.7 days; p=0.002) and higher readmission rates (11.9 vs. 6.5; p=0.031) in the MetS group in comparison to the non-MetS cohort. While surgical-related reasons for readmission were predominant across both groups, statistically significant differences were observed only for medical-related reasons (p=0.028). Logistic regression models demonstrated a statistically significant elevated likelihood of 30-day readmission in the MetS group (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.091-3.507; p=0.024). No noteworthy disparities were observed in the rates of 30-day wound complications, mild systemic, and severe systemic complications between the groups.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed no increase in postoperative wound and systemic complications among patients with MetS who underwent concurrent abdominoplasty and panniculectomy. This suggests that abdominal body contouring remains a secure option for patients with MetS. Nonetheless, the higher readmission rates and longer hospital length stays observed in patients with MetS may potentially translate to increased overall costs. Continued research is warranted to comprehensively assess the economic implications of MetS in the context of abdominal body contouring.
Farming Activities and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A French Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Petit Pascal , Leroyer Ariane , Chamot Sylvain , Fumery Mathurin , Bonneterre Vincent
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Epidemiological data regarding inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are lacking, in particular for occupationally exposed populations. We investigated whether, among the entire French farm manager [FM] workforce, certain agricultural activities are more strongly associated with IBD than others.

Methods

Nationwide, population-based, insurance claims and electronic health records from all FMs who worked at least once over the period 2002–2016 were used [n = 1 088 561, 69% males]. The outcome measure was the association between 26 farming activities and the risk of IBD, Crohn’s disease [CD], and ulcerative colitis [UC], measured as hazard ratios [HRs], after adjusting for age, sex, pre-existing medical comorbidities, and farm location. The time to first chronic disease declaration was used as the underlying time scale. A model was generated for every activity and disease, using a reference group comprising all FMs who abstained from the specified activity from 2002 to 2016.

Results

There were 1752 IBD cases, with 704 CD [40.2%] and 1048 UC [59.8%] cases, respectively. Elevated HRs were observed for fruit arboriculture [HR from 1.17 to 1.52] and dairy farming [HR from 1.22 to 1.46] for all IBD, in crop farming for CD only (HR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.49), and in shellfish farming [HR from 2.12 to 2.51] for both CD and IBD.

Conclusions

Further research regarding specific farming activities and exposures likely to modify the microbiota [eg, pesticides, pathogens] is required to identify potential occupational risk factors [agricultural exposome] for IBD. Exposure to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Cryptosporidium, environmental toxins, micro/nanoplastics, and pesticides represents promising research avenues.
Safety and effectiveness of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: insights from the SPUM-ACS study
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Wenzl Florian A , De Filippo Ovidio , Kraler Simon , Giacobbe Federico , Roffi Marco , Muller Olivier , Räber Lorenz , Templin Christian , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Lüscher Thomas F ,   SPUM-ACS investigators, Rodondi Nicolas , Matter Christian M , Camici Giovanni G , Mach François
Published: April 2024

Aims

Data on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) use in real-world acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients following the introduction of potent P2Y12 inhibitors and newer-generation stents are scant. Here, we aimed to assess the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of GPI in a large prospective multicentre cohort of contemporary ACS patients.

Methods and results

SPUM-ACS prospectively recruited patients presenting with ACS between 2009 and 2017. The primary endpoint of the present study was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke at 1 year. Secondary endpoints were defined as any bleeding events, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3–5 bleeding, and net adverse cardiovascular events (NACE). A total of 4395 ACS patients were included in the analysis. GPI-treated patients had more total coronary artery occlusion (56% vs. 35%, P < 0.001) and thrombus (60% vs. 35%, P < 0.001) at angiography. Among the propensity score-matched (PSM) population (1992 patients equally split into two groups), GPI-treated patients showed lower risk of MACE [PSM adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.99], but a higher risk of any (PSM adjusted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06–1.99) and major bleedings (PSM adjusted HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09–2.76), resulting in a neutral effect on NACE (PSM adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.65–1.17). These results remained consistent across all subgroups.

Conclusions

In patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and receiving potent P2Y12 inhibitors, we observed a reduced risk of MACE and an increased risk of major bleedings at 1 year in patients treated with GPI. Although the routine use of GPI is currently not recommended, they might be considered in selected patients following a personalized balancing between ischaemic and bleeding risks.
Y-STR analysis of highly degraded DNA from skeletal remains over 70 years old
Authors: Zhang Jiashuo , Li Xuebo , Li Liangliang , Chen Anqi , Zhang Suhua
Published: April 2024

The goal of the following study is to clarify whether the skeletal remains over 70 years old from missing persons and their alleged relatives shared identical Y-STR loci. Nowadays, advances in ancient DNA extraction techniques and approaches of using multiple different Y-STRs have significantly increased the possibility of obtaining DNA profiles from highly degraded skeletal remains. Given the ages and conditions of the skeletal remains, ancient DNA extraction methods can be used to maximize the probability of DNA recovery. Considering that information about distant relatives is more relevant for long-term missing persons and alleged family members are male, Y-STR loci analysis is considered the most appropriate and informative approach for determining paternal lineage relationship. In this study, Y-STR genotypes obtained from these alleged relatives were identical to each other and to the alleles of missing persons’ consensus profiles at more than 22 loci examined, whilst not being found in Y-STR population database from Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database. Therefore, Missing Person No.7 and Missing Person No.18 have a patrilineal relationship with reference samples from Family1 and Family2, respectively. In addition, the fact that Y-STR haplotypes obtained from skeletal remains of missing persons and reference samples are not found in the Han Chinese people from East Asian demonstrates its rarity and further supports a paternal lineage relationship amongst them.
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals unique Hsp90 cycle-dependent client interactions
Authors: Rios Erick I , Gonçalves Davi , Morano Kevin A , Johnson Jill L
Published: April 2024

Hsp90 is an abundant and essential molecular chaperone that mediates the folding and activation of client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent cycle. Hsp90 inhibition directly or indirectly impacts the function of 10–15% of all proteins due to degradation of client proteins or indirect downstream effects. Due to its role in chaperoning oncogenic proteins, Hsp90 is an important drug target. However, compounds that occupy the ATP-binding pocket and broadly inhibit function have not achieved widespread use due to negative effects. More selective inhibitors are needed; however, it is unclear how to achieve selective inhibition. We conducted a quantitative proteomic analysis of soluble proteins in yeast strains expressing wild-type Hsp90 or mutants that disrupt different steps in the client folding pathway. Out of 2,482 proteins in our sample set (approximately 38% of yeast proteins), we observed statistically significant changes in abundance of 350 (14%) of those proteins (log2 fold change ≥ 1.5). Of these, 257/350 (∼73%) with the strongest differences in abundance were previously connected to Hsp90 function. Principal component analysis of the entire dataset revealed that the effects of the mutants could be separated into 3 primary clusters. As evidence that Hsp90 mutants affect different pools of clients, simultaneous co-expression of 2 mutants in different clusters restored wild-type growth. Our data suggest that the ability of Hsp90 to sample a wide range of conformations allows the chaperone to mediate folding of a broad array of clients and that disruption of conformational flexibility results in client defects dependent on those states.
The power of collaboration in multifishery improvement initiatives
Authors: Gammage Louise C , Longo Catherine S , van Putten Ingrid , Bucio-Bustos Edaysi , Gordon Andrew Kenneth , Lejbowicz Amanda , Vergara-Solana Francisco J
Published: April 2024

Addressing diverse and complex socio-ecological challenges is crucial for achieving ocean sustainability. This is especially true for effective fishery management, which is vital for the sustainability of marine resources. One way of overcoming barriers to fisheries reform is through interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative management and policy approaches. One such approach is market incentives offered by eco-certification against sustainability standards, such as those set by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Complementary interventions that support sustainability improvements are fishery improvement projects (FIPs) and MSC pathway projects. These interventions have clear intermediary and final objectives, and monitoring impact throughout the implementation process remains important. We interviewed participants of a pathway project from five fisheries in South Africa and Mexico using semistructured interviews designed to capture the nonmonetary impacts of these projects as they progress. Our results show that interventions can play a role in facilitating broader collaboration within a fishery and across stakeholder groups, increasing sustainability awareness. Emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement and collaboration, we highlight how the project implementation process can lead to communication changes that lead to improved understanding and collaboration. Importantly, we reflect on the suitability of the survey in monitoring progress in such projects.
When Trust in AI Mediates: AI News Use, Public Discussion, and Civic Participation
Authors: Nah Seungahn , Liu Fanjue , Shao Chun , Romanova Ekaterina , Nam Gwiwon
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), since its marked proliferation in the mid-2010s, has significantly penetrated various sectors, becoming a transformative force that necessitates ongoing refinement of communication strategies and political dynamics by stakeholders. Drawing on the Orientation-Stimulus-Reasoning-Orientation-Response (O-S-R-O-R) model, this study delves into the role of AI news consumption in participatory democracy. Using data from a nationwide survey (N = 1,252), the study assesses a mediation model that proposes a multilayered process through which AI news consumption facilitates civic participation. The findings reveal that AI news consumption across different media platforms is positively linked with civic participation, facilitated by both online and offline AI discussions. This relationship is further mediated by trust in AI news and trust in AI actors. Further theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Symplectic Fourier–Deligne Transforms on G/U and the Algebra of Braids and Ties
Authors: Morton-Ferguson Calder
Published: April 2024

We explicitly identify the algebra generated by symplectic Fourier–Deligne transforms (i.e., convolution with Kazhdan–Laumon sheaves) acting on the Grothendieck group of perverse sheaves on the basic affine space $G/U$, answering a question originally raised by A. Polishchuk. We show it is isomorphic to a distinguished subalgebra, studied by I. Marin, of the generalized algebra of braids and ties (defined in Type $A$ by F. Aicardi and J. Juyumaya and generalized to all types by Marin), providing a connection between geometric representation theory and an algebra defined in the context of knot theory. Our geometric interpretation of this algebra entails some algebraic consequences: we obtain a short and type-independent geometric proof of the braid relations for Juyumaya’s generators of the Yokonuma–Hecke algebra (previously proved case-by-case in types $A, D, E$ by Juyumaya and separately for types $B, C, F_{4}, G_{2}$ by Juyumaya and S. S. Kannan), a natural candidate for an analogue of a Kazhdan–Lusztig basis, and finally an explicit formula for the dimension of Marin’s algebra in Type $A_{n}$ (previously only known for $n \leq 4$).
When simplicity triumphs: niche specialization of gut bacteria exists even for simple fiber structures
Authors: Xu Haidi , Pudlo Nicholas A , Cantu-Jungles Thaisa M , Tuncil Yunus E , Nie Xin , Kaur Amandeep , Reuhs Bradley L , Martens Eric C , Hamaker Bruce R
Published: April 2024

Structurally complex corn bran arabinoxylan (CAX) was used as a model glycan to investigate gut bacteria growth and competition on different AX-based fine structures. Nine hydrolyzate segments of the CAX polymer varying in chemical structure (sugars and linkages), CAX, five less complex non-corn arabinoxylans, and xylose and glucose were ranked from structurally complex to simple. The substrate panel promoted different overall growth and rates of growth of eight Bacteroides xylan-degrading strains. For example, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838 (Bacteroides cellulosilyticus) grew well on an array of complex and simple structures, while Bacteroides ovatus 3-1-23 grew well only on the simple structures. In a competition experiment, B. cellulosilyticus growth was favored over B. ovatus on the complex AX-based structure. On the other hand, on the simple structure, B. ovatus strongly outcompeted B. cellulosilyticus, which was eliminated from the competitive environment by Day 11. This adaptation to fine structure and resulting competition dynamics indicate that dietary fiber chemical structures, whether complex or simple, favor certain gut bacteria. Overall, this work supports a concept that fiber degraders diversify their competitive abilities to access substrates across the spectrum of heterogeneity of fine structural features of dietary fibers.
A blockchain-based healthcare data marketplace: prototype and demonstration
Authors: Kim KangHyun , Kim Sung-Min , Park YoungMin , Lee EunSol , Jung SungJae , Kang Jeongyong , An DongUk , Min Kyungil , Shim Sung Ryul , Yu Hyeong Won , Han Hyun Wook
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to develop healthcare data marketplace using blockchain-based B2C model that ensures the transaction of healthcare data among individuals, companies, and marketplaces.

Materials and methods

We designed an architecture for the healthcare data marketplace using blockchain. A healthcare data marketplace was developed using Panacea, MySQL 8.0, JavaScript library, and Node.js. We evaluated the performance of the data marketplace system in 3 scenarios.

Results

We developed mobile and web applications for healthcare data marketplace. The transaction data queries were executed fully within about 1-2 s, and approximately 9.5 healthcare data queries were processed per minute in each demonstration scenario.

Discussion

Blockchain-based healthcare data marketplaces have shown compliance performance in the process of data collection and will provide a meaningful role in analyzing healthcare data.

Conclusion

The healthcare data marketplace developed in this project can iron out time and place limitations and create a framework for gathering and analyzing fragmented healthcare data.
Green’s matching: an efficient approach to parameter estimation in complex dynamic systems
Authors: Tan Jianbin , Zhang Guoyu , Wang Xueqin , Huang Hui , Yao Fang
Published: April 2024

Parameters of differential equations are essential to characterize intrinsic behaviours of dynamic systems. Numerous methods for estimating parameters in dynamic systems are computationally and/or statistically inadequate, especially for complex systems with general-order differential operators, such as motion dynamics. This article presents Green’s matching, a computationally tractable and statistically efficient two-step method, which only needs to approximate trajectories in dynamic systems but not their derivatives due to the inverse of differential operators by Green’s function. This yields a statistically optimal guarantee for parameter estimation in general-order equations, a feature not shared by existing methods, and provides an efficient framework for broad statistical inferences in complex dynamic systems.
Polluting white dwarfs with Oort cloud comets
Authors: Pham Dang , Rein Hanno
Published: April 2024

Observations point to old white dwarfs (WDs) accreting metals at a relatively constant rate over 8 Gyr. Exo-Oort clouds around WDs have been proposed as potential reservoirs of materials, with galactic tide as a mechanism to deliver distant comets to the WD’s Roche limit. In this work, we characterize the dynamics of comets around a WD with a companion having semimajor axes on the orders of 10–100 au. We develop simulation techniques capable of integrating a large number (108) of objects over a 1 Gyr time-scale. Our simulations include galactic tide and are capable of resolving close interactions with a massive companion. Through simulations, we study the accretion rate of exo-Oort cloud comets into a WD’s Roche limit. We also characterize the dynamics of precession and scattering induced on a comet by a massive companion. We find that (i) WD pollution by an exo-Oort cloud can be sustained over a Gyr time-scale, (ii) an exo-Oort cloud with structure like our own Solar system’s is capable of delivering materials into an isolated WD with pollution rate ∼108 g s−1, (iii) adding a planetary-mass companion reduces the pollution rate to ∼107 g s−1, and (iv) if the companion is stellar mass, with Mp ≳ 0.1 M⊙, the pollution rate reduces to ∼3 × 105 g s−1 due to a combination of precession induced on a comet by the companion, a strong scattering barrier, and low likelihood of direct collisions of comets with the companion.
Evidence of the γ-ray counterpart of nova FM Cir from Fermi–LAT
Authors: Wang H H , Yan H D , Lin L C -C , Takata J , Tam P-H T
Published: April 2024

We report the results of an analysis of X-ray and γ-ray data from the nova FM Cir taken by Swift and Fermi–LAT. The γ-ray emission from FM Cir can be identified with a significance level of ∼3σ within ∼40 d after the nova eruption (2018 January 19) when we bin the light curve per day. The significance can exceed the 4σ confidence level if we accumulate a longer time (i.e. 20 d) to bin the light curve. The γ-ray counterpart could be identified with a Test Statistic (TS) above 4 until ∼180 d after the eruption. The duration of the γ-ray detection is longer than those reported in previous studies of other novae detected in the GeV range. Significant X-ray emission was observed after the γ-ray flux level fell below the sensitivity limit of Fermi–LAT. The hardness ratio of the X-ray emission decreased rapidly with time, and the spectra were dominated by blackbody radiation from the hot white dwarf. Except for the longer duration of the γ-ray emission, the multiwavelength properties of FM Cir closely resemble those of other novae detected in the GeV range.
Quantum-inspired analysis of neural network vulnerabilities: the role of conjugate variables in system attacks
Authors: Zhang Jun-Jie , Meng Deyu
Published: April 2024

Neural networks demonstrate vulnerability to small, non-random perturbations, emerging as adversarial attacks. Such attacks, born from the gradient of the loss function relative to the input, are discerned as input conjugates, revealing a systemic fragility within the network structure. Intriguingly, a mathematical congruence manifests between this mechanism and the quantum physics’ uncertainty principle, casting light on a hitherto unanticipated interdisciplinarity. This inherent susceptibility within neural network systems is generally intrinsic, highlighting not only the innate vulnerability of these networks, but also suggesting potential advancements in the interdisciplinary area for understanding these black-box networks.
Human CD56+CD39+ dNK cells support fetal survival through controlling trophoblastic cell fate: immune mechanisms of recurrent early pregnancy loss
Authors: Jia Wentong , Ma Liyang , Yu Xin , Wang Feiyang , Yang Qian , Wang Xiaoye , Fan Mengjie , Gu Yan , Meng Ran , Wang Jian , Li Yuxia , Li Rong , Shao Xuan , Wang Yan-Ling
Published: April 2024

Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the most abundant immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy in both mice and humans, and emerging single-cell transcriptomic studies have uncovered various human dNK subsets that are disrupted in patients experiencing recurrent early pregnancy loss (RPL) at early gestational stage, suggesting a connection between abnormal proportions or characteristics of dNK subsets and RPL pathogenesis. However, the functional mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here, we established a mouse model by adoptively transferring human dNK cells into pregnant NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull) mice, where human dNK cells predominantly homed into the uteri of recipients. Using this model, we observed a strong correlation between the properties of human dNK cells and pregnancy outcome. The transfer of dNK cells from RPL patients (dNK-RPL) remarkably worsened early pregnancy loss and impaired placental trophoblast cell differentiation in the recipients. These adverse effects were effectively reversed by transferring CD56+CD39+ dNK cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that CD56+CD39+ dNK subset facilitates early differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs) towards both invasive and syncytial pathways through secreting macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Administration of recombinant M-CSF to NOG mice transferred with dNK-RPL efficiently rescued the exacerbated pregnancy outcomes and fetal/placental development. Collectively, this study established a novel humanized mouse model featuring functional human dNK cells homing into the uteri of recipients and uncovered the pivotal role of M-CSF in fetal-supporting function of CD56+CD39+ dNK cells during early pregnancy, highlighting that M-CSF may be a previously unappreciated therapeutic target for intervening RPL.
Transcription factor PgNAC72 activates DAMMARENEDIOL SYNTHASE expression to promote ginseng saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Jiang Ting , Zhang Yue , Zuo Gege , Luo Tiao , Wang Hui , Zhang Ru , Luo Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents in ginseng (Panax ginseng), possess substantial pharmacological potential and are in high demand in the market. The plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) effectively elicits ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng, though the regulatory mechanism remains largely unexplored. NAC transcription factors are critical in intricate plant regulatory networks and participate in numerous plant physiological activities. In this study, we identified a MeJA-responsive NAC transcription factor gene, PgNAC72, from a transcriptome library produced from MeJA-treated P. ginseng callus. Predominantly expressed in P. ginseng flowers, PgNAC72 localizes to the nucleus. Overexpressing PgNAC72 (OE-PgNAC72) in P. ginseng callus notably elevated total saponin levels, particularly dammarane-type ginsenosides, by upregulating dammarenediol synthase (PgDDS), encoding a key enzyme in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that PgNAC72 binds to the NAC-binding elements in the PgDDS promoter, thereby activating its transcription. Further RNA-seq and terpenoid metabolomic data in the OE-PgNAC72 line confirmed that PgNAC72 enhances ginsenoside biosynthesis. These findings uncover a regulatory role of PgNAC72 in MeJA-mediated ginsenoside biosynthesis, providing insights into the ginsenoside regulatory network and presenting a valuable target gene for metabolic engineering.
Strategic borrowing from passive investors
Authors: Palia Darius , Sokolinski Stanislav
Published: April 2024

We find that short sellers manage risks by strategically borrowing shares in stocks with significant ownership by passive investors. This practice increases securities lending demand for stocks with substantial passive ownership, resulting in improved price efficiency, higher lending fees, and increased short interest in these stocks. Consistent with the risk mitigation motive, these stocks show reduced risks of unexpected fee hikes and loan recall, longer loan durations, and attract more informed short sellers. These effects are particularly pronounced in hard-to-borrow stocks where short-sale constraints are binding. Our study suggests that passive investing helps alleviate short-sale constraints by reducing the risks associated with stock borrowing.
EU resilience in investment protection: a case for revisiting and reinforcing the loyalty principle in EU external relations
Authors: Jaeger Thomas
Published: April 2024

This article explores the concept of European Union (EU) resilience in the area of investment protection and Investor–State dispute settlement. The article adopts a functional approach to investment protection and suggests that reforming dispute settlement procedures in line with current Commission initiatives is key to promoting open strategic autonomy for the EU. Support for those initiatives is however weak, also among EU Member States. It is argued that EU resilience requires new tools for more unity and coherence in external EU action, both generally and for the reform of Investor–State dispute settlement in particular. The tool devised here is an increased loyalty standard coupled with a justification test, based on both a modernized comprehensive reading of loyalty obligations in primary law and the effectiveness principle and rationale as applied in case law. The novel approach promises significantly better results in terms of commanding coherence in external action while fully respecting the principle of conferred powers. It challenges traditional power dynamics, but incorporates a bold vision for external EU action that is truly autonomous and assertive.
Reductions in World Health Organization Risk Drinking Level Are Associated With Reductions in Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis and Criteria: Evidence From an Alcohol Pharmacotherapy Trial
Authors: Richards Dylan K. , Tuchman Felicia R. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Kranzler Henry R. , Aubin Henri-Jean , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Mann Karl , Aldridge Arnie , Anton Raymond F. , Witkiewitz Katie
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the validity of World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking level reductions as meaningful endpoints for clinical practice and research. This study examined whether such reductions were associated with a lower likelihood of a current alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis and fewer AUD criteria.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis to address these objectives using data from a multisite randomized controlled trial of gabapentin enacarbil extended release in treating moderate to severe AUD among adults (N = 346). Participants received gabapentin enacarbil extended release or placebo for 6 months. The timeline follow-back was used to assess WHO risk drinking level reductions, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) AUD diagnosis and criteria at baseline (past year) and end of treatment (past month).

Results

Most participants (80.1%) achieved at least a 1-level reduction in the WHO risk drinking levels from baseline to end of treatment, and nearly half of participants (49.8%) achieved at least a 2-level reduction. At least a 1-level reduction or at least a 2-level reduction in WHO risk drinking level predicted lower odds of an active AUD diagnosis (1-level: odds ratio, 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.84]; 2-level: odds ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.64–0.79]) and fewer AUD criteria (1-level: B, −1.66 [95% CI, −2.35 to −0.98]; 2-level: B, −1.76 [95% CI, −2.31 to −1.21]) at end of treatment.

Conclusions

World Health Organization risk drinking level reductions correlate with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) AUD diagnosis and criteria, providing further evidence for their use as endpoints in alcohol intervention trials, which has potential implications for broadening the base of AUD treatment.
Association Between Severity of Cervical Central Spinal Stenosis and Paraspinal Muscle Parameters in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Caffard Thomas , Arzani Artine , Verna Bruno , Tripathi Vidushi , Chiapparelli Erika , Schönnagel Lukas , Zhu Jiaqi , Medina Samuel J. , Tani Soji , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Guven Ali E. , Amoroso Krizia , Tan Ek Tsoon , Carrino John A. , Shue Jennifer , Kelly Michael J. , Burkhard Marco D. , Awan Malik Hassan , Zippelius Timo , Dalton David , Sama Andrew A. , Girardi Federico P. , Cammisa Frank P. , Hughes Alexander P.
Published: April 2024

Study design:

Retrospective study.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severity and level of cervical central stenosis (CCS) and the fat infiltration (FI) of the cervical multifidus/rotatores (MR) at each subaxial levels.

Summary of Background Data:

The relationship between cervical musculature morphology and the severity of CCS is poorly understood.

Methods:

Patients with preoperative cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were reviewed. The cervical MR were segmented from C3 to C7 and the percent FI was measured using a custom-written Matlab software. The severity of the CCS at each subaxial level was assessed using a previously published classification. Grade 3, representing a loss of cerebrospinal fluid space and deformation of the spinal cord > 25%, was set as the reference and compared to the other gradings. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results:

156 consecutive patients were recruited. A spinal cord compression at a certain level was significantly associated with a greater FI of the MR below that level. After adjustment for the above-mentioned confounders, our results showed that spinal cord compression at C3/4 and C4/5 was significantly associated with greater FI of the MR from C3 to C6 and C5 to C7, respectively. A spinal cord compression at C5/6 or C6/7 was significantly associated with greater FI of the MR at C7.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated significant correlations between the severity of CCS and a greater FI of the MR. Moreover, significant level-specific correlations were found. A significant increase in FI of the MR at the levels below the stenosis was observed in patients presenting with spinal cord compression. Given the segmental innervation of the MR, the increased FI might be attributed to neurogenic atrophy.

Level of Evidence:

3
Inappropriate placement of urinary catheters into the ureter: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Jiun-Jia , Au Chin-Fong
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To emphasize preventive measures and outline management strategies for inadvertent ureteral cannulation.

Methods:

We present a case report and conduct a literature review of 39 case reports on ureteral cannulation, examining a total of 48 patients.

Results:

About 67% of the cases were female, and long-term catheterization was observed in 67% of the cases. Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis were the primary factors (48%) in ureteral cannulation. Symptoms included flank pain (46%), fever (31%), oliguria (27%), non-deflatable balloon issues (25%), hematuria (21%), abdominal pain (17%), urine leak (12.5%), and nausea/vomiting (8%). Complications varied, including acute pyelonephritis (35%), acute kidney injury (27%), urosepsis (21%), and ureter rupture (17%). Despite inadvertent catheter placement, 25% of patients had no complications. More than half of the patients (58%) were managed through catheter change, while 27% underwent cysto-ureteroscopy with or without balloon puncture or ureteral stenting. Additionally, 10% received interventional radiology procedures, 6.25% underwent surgical repair, and 4% underwent ultrasound-guided balloon puncture.

Conclusions:

Female gender, neurologic conditions, and long-term catheterization were identified as predominant risk factors. Early detection of ureteral cannulation can prevent severe complications, particularly in certain special populations such as patients with neurogenic bladder or SCI, who may have reduced sensation and expression capabilities.
To corset or not to corset after lumbar spine fixation surgery?: A prospective randomized clinical trial and literature review
Authors: Chen Yin Ju , Yang Jen Tsung , Lin Martin Hsiu Chu , Huang Wei Chao
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Orthosis after lumbar fusion surgery is common. However, the evidence for benefit remains to be determined, especially in tropical areas with heavy workers. To investigate postoperative orthosis and whether it affects pain improvement, quality of life, and fusion rate.

Method:

From May 2021 to May 2022, this single-center prospective randomized clinical trial enrolled 110 patients. We excluded 9 patients, and 101 people were analyzed finally. Corset group, in which participants used a corset for 3 months postoperatively; Non-corset group, in which participants didn’t wear any orthosis. ODI and VAS scale were recorded before the surgery: 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, half a year, and 1 year postoperatively. The lumbar X-ray was done before the surgery, 6 months postoperatively. All complications in 1 year were recorded.

Results:

Significant decrease in VAS score in the non-corset group since post-operation day 5 (corset group 3.44 ± 1.77, non-corset group 3.36 ± 1.75, P = .0093) during admission, and also a decrease in admission duration (corset group 11.08 ± 2.39, non-corset group 9.55 ± 1.75, P = .0004) were found. There was a significantly better ODI score in the non-corset group since post-operation 1 month, while in the corset group until post-operation 3 months. Both groups had no significant difference in satisfaction, complication rates, and X-ray results, such as fusion, angular rotation, sagittal transition, and slip in the neutral position.

Conclusion:

After the transpedicular screw fixation with posterolateral fusion surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis, non-orthosis is a safe strategy. It can reduce the admission duration and has the trend for better functional outcomes.