bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Acetyl‐5,8‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone.
Authors: Cui Jia‐hua , Zhou Wen , Li Shao‐shun
Published: September 2012

Compound (VI), prepared by a route suitable for large‐scale production, exhibits cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase‐I.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Keto Esters via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Steward Kimberly M. , Gentry Emily C. , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2012

The reactions proceed with excellent diastereoselection (<20:1).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (E)‐4‐Aryl‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐tosylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ones as Fluorinated Building Blocks and Their Application in Ready and Highly Stereoselective Routes to trans‐2,3‐Dihydrofurans Substituted with Trifluoromethyl and Sulfonyl Groups.
Authors: Yu Haigang , Han Jing , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: September 2012

The arsonium‐ylide assisted ring‐closure reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity, leading to exclusive formation of the thermodynamical stable trans‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Iodo‐Mediated Cyclization in PEG under Microwave Irradiation: Easy Access to Highly Functionalized Furans and Pyrroles.
Authors: Spina Rosella , Colacino Evelina , Gabriele Bartolo , Salerno Giuseppe , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: September 2012

Microwave‐assisted iodocyclization of diols (I) or amino alcohols (III) is achieved in the presence of NaHCO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Dithienylperfluorocyclopentenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation: A Simpler Access to Photoswitches.
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Boixel Julien , Guerchais Veronique , Doucet Henri
Published: September 2012

The use of cyclopentyl methyl ether as the solvent is found to be crucial to avoid decomposition of the reactants and the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Clauson—Kass Pyrroles Synthesis in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Deng Hong‐Juan , Fang Yu‐Jing , Chen Gao‐Wei , Liu Miao‐Chang , Wu Hua‐Yue , Chen Jiu‐Xi
Published: September 2012

Copper‐catalyzed Clauson—Kass reaction of dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (I) with aromatic amines provides a convenient and efficient access towards N‐arylpyrroles, e.g. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Sulfenylation of Unprotected 3‐Substituted Oxindoles.
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Li Jun , Chen Weiliang , Xie Mingsheng , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2012

The catalytic system is used to prepare 3‐phenylthiooxindoles with aromatic, benzylic or aliphatic substituents at the 3‐position and different substitution at the indole benzene ring.
ChemInform Abstract: An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Lewis Acid Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirooxindole Lactones.
Authors: Dugal‐Tessier Julien , O'Bryan Elizabeth A. , Schroeder Thomas B. H. , Cohen Daniel T. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: September 2012

In the reaction of β‐aryl substituted enals the addition of LiCl enhances the level of entantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conjugate Addition of Indole to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones by Co(ClO4)2·6H2O/Bis‐Schiff Base Complexes.
Authors: Hui Yong Hai , Chen Chun Mei , Xie Zheng Feng
Published: September 2012

The catalytic system is highly efficient in the preparation of 3‐substituted indole derivatives including complex triazole segments.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Synthesis of 5H‐Benzo[b]‐, Carbazolo[2,3‐b]‐ and Indolo[2,3‐b]carbazole Derivatives via Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation.
Authors: Prakash K. S. , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: September 2012

A wide range of title compounds via is constructed heteroannulation which is best catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Mai Thi Thoa , Branca Mathieu , Gori Didier , Guillot Regis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Alezra Valerie
Published: September 2012

The first example for the use of the frozen‐chirality approach for the synthesis of biologically interesting compounds, e.g. amino ester (VIII), is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: The First One‐Pot, Solvent‐Free, Microwave‐Accelerated, Three‐Component Synthesis of Spirothiazolidin‐4‐ones via Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Coupling/Cyclization.
Authors: Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Sathishkumar Murugan
Published: September 2012

An efficient, rapid, and environmentally benign title synthesis of the compounds (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot “Click” Reaction: CuII—Hydrotalcite Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Triazoles via Regioselective Opening of Epoxide Followed by [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Prasad Avvari N. , Thirupathi Boningari , Raju Gangadhara , Srinivas Rapelli , Reddy Benjaram M.
Published: September 2012

The title three‐component reaction is performed in water at ambient temperature without any additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Activity of Novel 2‐(Benzylthio)‐4‐chloro‐5‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide Derivatives.
Authors: Brozewicz Kamil , Slawinski Jaroslaw
Published: September 2012

10 Title compounds of type (IX) are prepared and evaluated for their in vitro activities against the full NCI‐60 cell line panel.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isocoumarin Derivatives via the Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Sequential Cyclization of 2‐Halo‐N‐phenyl Benzamides and Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Kavala Veerababurao , Wang Cheng‐Chuan , Barange Deepak Kumar , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Lei Po‐Min , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: September 2012

The reaction allows a rapid and efficient access to various isocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridines from β‐Enamino Ketones and Alkynes via C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Yamamoto Shun‐ichi , Okamoto Kana , Murakoso Makiko , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: September 2012

Re2(CO)10‐catalyzed treatment of N‐acetylated and N‐methoxycarbonylated β‐enamino ketones with alkynes allows a new and regioselective access to multisubstituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7(3H)‐ones as Novel Series of Potent β Isoform Selective Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Sanchez Robert M. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

New compounds (Vb)—(Ve) are very potent inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐β enzyme with IC50 values of 0.001 μM or less.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole.
Authors: Song Xin Jian , Duan Zheng Chao , Shao Yu , Dong Xing Gao
Published: September 2012

A microwave‐assisted three‐step sequence allows the synthesis of the title compounds (VI) as pharmaceutically interesting frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Azepine Synthesis from Alkyl Azide and Propargylic Ester via Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Liu Heng , Li Xin , Chen Zili , Hu Wen‐Xiang
Published: September 2012

The procedure allows a new and efficient approach to a number of polysubstituted 4,5‐dihydroazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Promoted Dimerization of o‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes: A One‐Step Synthesis of Functionalized Kagan′s Ether Analogues.
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cui Wei‐Chen , Hu Zho‐Long , Yu Shu‐Yan , Wang Shaozhong , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: September 2012

Dimerization of o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes towards Kagan′s ether analogues proceeds smoothly in the presence of aqueous HBF4 in acetic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes with α‐Silyldifluoromethylphosphonates: An Efficient Method for α,α‐Difluoropropargylphosphonates.
Authors: Jiang Xueliang , Chu Lingling , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: September 2012

The order of addition of reagents is crucial to achieve a high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Microtermolides A (I) and B (II) from Termite‐Associated Streptomyces sp. and Structural Revision of Vinylamycin.
Authors: Carr Gavin , Poulsen Michael , Klassen Jonathan L. , Hou Yanpeng , Wyche Thomas P. , Bulgni Tim S. , Currie Cameron R. , Clardy Jon
Published: September 2012

The title compounds are isolated and characterized, but no absolute configuration is determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Cycloheptapeptides from Psammosilene tunicoides.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Dong , et al. et al.
Published: September 2012

Tunicyclin F (I) and G (II) are identified as new constituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cyclopeptide and Other Constituents from the Leaves of Zanthoxylum rigidum Humb. & Bonpl. ex. Willd. (Rutaceae).
Authors: Nascimento Ribeiro Tereza Auxiliadora , da Silva Leticia Ricette , de Sousa Jr. Paulo Teixeira , Castro Rosane Nora , De Carvalho Mario Geraldo
Published: September 2012

The new peptide is identified as cyclozanthoxylane A (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Constituents of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Leaves with Osteogenic Activity.
Authors: Dixit Preety , Chillara Raju , Khedgikar Vikram , Gautam Jyoti , Kushwaha Priyanka , Kumar Avinash , Singh Divya , Trivedi Ritu , Maurya Rakesh
Published: September 2012

The new isoflavone glucoside (I) and the new itaconic derivative (II) are isolated along with a series of known structurally related substances from the ethanolic extract of Indian Rosewood leaves.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New‐Skeleton Compounds from Sarcandra glabra.
Authors: Li Xiong , Zhang Yu‐Feng , Zeng Xing , Liu Yi‐Ming , Feng Yi
Published: September 2012

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ChemInform Abstract: Three New Phenol Compounds from Iris dichotoma Pall.
Authors: Huang Long , Ma Wenhui , Liu Yanze , Peng Yong , Xiao Peigen
Published: September 2012

Irisdichototin D (I) (only relative configuration determined) is identified together with the epimeric carbohydrate analogues irisdichototin E (IIa) and F (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Material Problems and Prospects of Li‐Ion Batteries for Vehicles Applications
Authors: Molenda J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integrating Catalytic Coal Gasifiers with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Siefert Nicholas , Shekhawat Dushyant , Kalapos Thomas
Published: September 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Nanoarchitectures for Lithium Storage
Authors: Liu Jiehua , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: September 2012

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Monovalent Copper in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Burg Ariela , Meyerstein Dan
Published: September 2012

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocascades Involving the Formation of Two C‐Heteroatom Bonds from Two Distinct Heteroatoms
Authors: Bonne Damien , Constantieux Thierry , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean
Published: September 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulation of the Antioxidant Activity of Phenols by Noncovalent Interactions.
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Valgimigli Luca
Published: September 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalysis Meets Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry for the α‐Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Fernandez Gonzalez Davinia , Benfatti Fides , Waser Jerome
Published: September 2012

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acids with γ,δ‐Unsaturation
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Mehta Sukeshi J. , Hruby Victor J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction Using Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Bisai Vishnumaya , Bisai Alakesh , Singh Vinod K.
Published: September 2012

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Photoreactions in Solution
Authors: Austin Kerrie A. B. , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2012

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Fluoropyrroles and Their Analogues
Authors: Serdyuk Olga V. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: September 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenoids of Terrestrial Origin
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: September 2012

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fifty Years of Ziegler—Natta Polymerization: From Serendipity to Science. A Personal Account
Authors: Eisch John J.
Published: September 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Organolithium Reagents with Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: El‐Hiti Gamal A. , Hegazy Amany S. , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Ajarim Mansour D.
Published: September 2012

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonanolides of Natural Origin: Structure, Synthesis, and Biological Activity
Authors: Sun P. , Lu S. , Ree T. V. , Krohn K. , Li L. , Zhang W.
Published: September 2012

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Association of Single‐Molecule Magnets (SMMs) into Coordination Networks. Towards a New Generation of Magnetic Materials
Authors: Jeon Ie‐Rang , Clerac Rodolphe
Published: September 2012

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Speed Limits for Acid—Base Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Donten Mateusz L. , Vande Vondele Joost , Hamm Peter
Published: September 2012

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation
Authors: Fernandez‐Fernandez Mario , Perez‐Correa J. Ricardo
Published: September 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cage Molecules for Self‐Assembly
Authors: Hohman J. Nathan , Claridge Shelley A. , Kim Moonhee , Weiss Paul S.
Published: September 2012

Review: 323 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Carborane Liquid Crystals: Nematogenic Properties and Potential Application
Authors: Januszko Adam
Published: September 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Explicitly Localized Molecular Orbitals to Electronic Structure Calculations
Authors: de Silva Piotr , Makowski Marcin , Korchowiec Jacek
Published: September 2012

Review: 21 refs.
Hydrothermal Curing – A Solution for Increasing Resource Productivity by Fine‐Grained Mineral Construction Waste
Authors: Forberger Jens , Hartmann Andrea , Müller Anette , Woidasky Jörg
Published: September 2012

Bei der Aufbereitung von Bau‐ und Abbruchabfällen – dem größten Abfallstrom in Deutschland – wird derzeit nur 1 % des mineralischen Bauschutts in qualitativ hochwertigen Einsatzgebieten wie dem Hochbau eingesetzt. Ein Großteil wird einer minderwertigen Verwertung zugeführt. In einem Forschungsprojekt werden daher Möglichkeiten einer stofflich hochwertigen Verwertung des mineralischen Bauschutts, der mittels hydrothermaler Erhärtung zu Granulaten aufbereitet wurde, untersucht. Durch die hydrothermale Behandlung werden Festigkeiten erzielt, die einen Einsatz beispielsweise als (Leicht‐)Zuschlag für Beton oder als Schüttung ermöglichen. Der Beitrag zeigt Ergebnisse aus dem laufenden Forschungsprojekt.
Multivariate Kendall's tau for change‐point detection in copulas
Authors: Quessy Jean‐François , Saïd Mériem , Favre Anne‐Catherine
Published: September 2012

Statistical procedures for the detection of a change in the dependence structure of a series of multivariate observations are studied in this work. The test statistics that are proposed are $L_1$, $L_2$, and $L_{\infty }$ distances computed from vectors of differences of Kendall's tau; two multivariate extensions of Kendall's measure of association are used. Since the distributions of these statistics under the null hypothesis of no change depend on the unknown underlying copula of the vectors, a procedure based on the multiplier central limit theorem is used for the computation of p‐values; the method is shown to be valid both asymptotically and for moderate sample sizes. Alternative versions of the tests that take into account possible breakpoints in the marginal distributions are also investigated. Monte Carlo simulations show that the tests are powerful under many scenarios of change‐point. In addition, two estimators of the time of change are proposed and their efficiency is carefully studied. The methodologies are illustrated on simulated series from the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 65–82; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Consistency of maximum likelihood estimators in a large class of deconvolution models
Authors: Groeneboom Piet , Jongbloed Geurt , Michael Stefanie
Published: September 2012

We consider the maximum likelihood estimator$\hat{F}_n$of a distribution function in a class of deconvolution models where the known density of the noise variable is of bounded variation. This class of noise densities contains in particular bounded, decreasing densities. The estimator$\hat{F}_n$is defined, characterized in terms of Fenchel optimality conditions and computed. Under appropriate conditions, various consistency results for$\hat{F}_n$are derived, including uniform strong consistency.The Canadian Journal of Statistics41: 98–110; 2013 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Detection of low level cryoglobulins by flow cytometry
Authors: Müller Rüdiger B. , Vogt Birgit , Winkler Silke , Muñoz Luis E. , Franz Sandra , Kern Peter , Maihöfner Christian , Sheriff Ahmed , von Kempis Johannes , Schett Georg , Herrmann Martin
Published: September 2012

Several patients with cryoglobulin (CG) associated symptoms are seronegative for CG and other potentially causative biomarkers. We analyzed whether it is possible to detect cryoprecipitates by flow cytometry and whether the sensitivity of their demonstration can be increased as compared to visual inspection. Sera from 91 patients with suspected CG associated symptoms and 33 healthy controls were examined for the presence of CG by conventional visual testing and by flow cytometry for small diffracting particles. For calibration purposes we tested lipid micelle dilutions (positive controls) by both methods. The minimum concentrations of lipid micelles to be detected by visual inspection and flow cytometry were 128.5 and 2.0 pg ml−1, respectively. Among the 91 patients and 33 controls, only 1 patient serum was positive for CG by conventional testing. This sample was also positive on flow cytometry. In the serum of a patient known to be positive for CG, laser diffracting particles were quantified by flow cytometry after keeping serum at 4°C for 3 days. Of the 91 patients, 14 additional samples displayed cold precipitates which redissolved after rewarming during flow cytometry. All 15 (1 + 14) patients positive for CG on flow cytometry suffered from symptoms usually associated with CG. Some precipitates were labeled with anti IgG and IgM antibodies confirming that the particles detected by flow cytometry contained immunoglobulins. No small diffracting particles were detected in the sera of the 33 healthy controls. Flow cytometry is equally specific but much more sensitive in the detection of CG than visual inspection. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Palladium‐Mediated Heck‐Type Reactions of [(Bromodifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene: Synthesis of α‐Alkenyl‐ and α‐Heteroaryl‐Substituted α,α‐Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfones
Authors: Surapanich Nakin , Kuhakarn Chutima , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: September 2012

Palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐type reactions of [(bromodifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene (1) with styrene derivatives and heteroaromatic compounds successfully gave α‐alkenyl‐ and α‐heteroaryl‐substituted α,α‐difluoromethyl phenyl sulfones, respectively.
Helical Atropisomers of Strained Phenanthrenes by Photochemistry of Aromatic Pauson–Khand Cycloadducts
Authors: Ji Yining , Khaizourane Héléa , Wein Alexander N. , Verdaguer Xavier , Riera Antoni
Published: September 2012

Norbornene and norbornadiene Pauson–Khand adducts of bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)acetylene and bis(3,4,5‐trimethylphenyl)acetylene were prepared. These compounds were subjected to a photochemical 6π‐electrocyclic oxidative aromatization reaction to give the corresponding phenanthrene compounds in satisfactory yield in the case of norbornene derivatives. The helical twist imposed by the methyl groups at the 3‐ and 5‐positions on the aromatic rings led to two atropisomers as a result of the non‐planar helical phenanthrene structure. The molecular structures and conformational stabilities of these atropisomers were examined by X‐ray crystallography and variable temperature NMR studies.
Insight into the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening of Azetidinium Ions Containing Quaternary Carbon Atoms
Authors: Drouillat Bruno , Wright Karen , David Olivier , Couty François
Published: September 2012

A set of azetidinium ions each bearing a quaternary carbon atom α to the nitrogen atom were synthesized. These compounds were treated with three different nuclophiles: azide, cyanide and acetate anions. Examination of the regioselectivity in the ring‐opening reactions demonstrated that attack at the quaternary position is intrinsically favored over that at the secondary position. However, these SN2 reactions are highly sensitive to steric crowding, which can counterbalance the natural trend to react at the quaternary carbon.
Enantioselective Metalation of N,N‐Diisopropylferrocenecarboxamide and Methyl Ferrocenecarboxylate Using Lithium‐Metal Chiral Bases
Authors: Dayaker Gandrath , Tilly David , Chevallier Floris , Hilmersson Göran , Gros Philippe C. , Mongin Florence
Published: September 2012

Enantioselective deprotonative metalations of substituted ferrocenes using mixed lithium‐metal bases are described. Using N,N‐diisopropylferrocenecarboxamide as substrate, magnesium, iron, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were tested as metals in bis[(S)‐1‐phenylethyl]amido‐based combinations; after interception of the metalated species with iodine, very high enantiomeric excess (96 %) but low yield was obtained with cobalt, whereas zinc and cadmium only gave 27 and 30 % ee, respectively, but in excellent yields. The small alkyl groups methyl and ethyl were identified as particularly suitable in the reaction using the putative dialkyl bis[(S)‐1‐phenylethyl]amido‐based lithium and dilithium zincates. The dimethyl dilithium zincate was selected for a study of dependency on the temperature, reaction time, and amount of base. Increased enantioselectivities with temperature, reaction time, and amount of base were noted (ee = 86 % at 0 °C after 2 h, 2 equiv. of base). The best result using methyl ferrocenecarboxylate as substrate was observed without alkyl ligand.
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Windmiller Joshua Ray , Wang Joseph
Published: September 2012

This article reviews recent advances and developments in the field of wearable sensors with emphasis on a subclass of these devices that are able to perform highly‐sensitive electrochemical analysis. Recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies and electrochemical techniques have resulted in the demonstration of chemical sensors able to augment conventional physical measurements (i.e. heart rate, EEG, ECG, etc.), thereby providing added dimensions of rich, analytical information to the wearer in a timely manner. Wearable electrochemical sensors have been integrated onto both textile materials and directly on the epidermis for various monitoring applications owing to their unique ability to process chemical analytes in a non‐invasive and non‐obtrusive fashion. In this manner, multi‐analyte detection can easily be performed, in real time, in order to ascertain the overall physiological health of the wearer or to identify potential offenders in their environment. Of profound importance is the development of an understanding of the impact of mechanical strain on textile‐ and epidermal (tattoo)‐based sensors and their failure mechanisms as well as the compatibility of the substrate employed in the fabrication process. We conclude this review with a retrospective outlook of the field and identify potential implications of this new sensing paradigm in the healthcare, fitness, security, and environmental monitoring domains. With continued innovation and detailed attention to core challenges, it is expected that wearable electrochemical sensors will play a pivotal role in the emergent body sensor networks arena.
Optimum lateral load pattern for seismic design of elastic shear‐buildings incorporating soil–structure interaction effects
Authors: Ganjavi Behnoud , Hao Hong
Published: September 2012

Recently, several new optimum loading patterns have been proposed by researchers for fixed‐base systems while their adequacy for soil–structure systems has not been evaluated yet. Through intensive dynamic analyses of multistory shear‐building models with soil–structure interaction subjected to a group of 21 artificial earthquakes adjusted to soft soil design spectrum, the adequacy of these optimum patterns is investigated. It is concluded that using these patterns the structures generally achieve near optimum performance in some range of periods. However, their efficiency reduces as soil flexibility increases especially when soil–structure interaction effects are significant. In the present paper, using the uniform distribution of damage over the height of structures, as the criterion, an optimization algorithm for seismic design of elastic soil–structure systems is developed. The effects of fundamental period, number of stories, earthquake excitation, soil flexibility, building aspect ratio, damping ratio and damping model on optimum distribution pattern are investigated. On the basis of 30,240 optimum load patterns derived from numerical simulations and nonlinear statistical regression analyses, a new lateral load pattern for elastic soil–structure systems is proposed. It is a function of the fundamental period of the structure, soil flexibility and structural slenderness ratio. It is shown that the seismic performance of such a structure is superior to those designed by code‐compliant or recently proposed patterns by researchers for fixed‐base structures. Using the proposed load pattern in this study, the designed structures experience up to 40% less structural weight as compared with the code‐compliant or optimum patterns developed based on fixed‐base structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A well‐balanced weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme for pollutant transport in shallow water
Authors: Li Gang , Gao Jinmei , Liang Qiuhua
Published: September 2012

In this paper, a well‐balanced finite difference weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme is presented for modeling transport and diffusion of pollutant in shallow water flows. The scheme balances exactly the flux gradients and the source terms. Extensive one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional numerical experiments on uniform and curvilinear meshes strongly suggest that high resolution results are achieved for both water depth and pollutant concentration. The scheme is efficient and robust and can be applied to practical numerical simulation of pollutant transport phenomena in shallow water flows. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exact non‐linear Navier–Stokes compressible‐flow solution for CFD code verification
Authors: Iannelli Joe
Published: September 2012

An exact similarity solution of the compressible‐flow Navier–Stokes equations is presented, which embeds supersonic, transonic, and subsonic regions. Describing the viscous and heat‐conducting high‐gradient flow in a shock wave, the solution accommodates non‐linear temperature‐dependent viscosity as well as heat‐conduction coefficients and provides the variation of all the flow variables and their derivatives. Also presented are methods to obtain time‐dependent and/or multi‐dimensional solutions as well as verification benchmarks of increasing severity. Comparisons between the developed analytical solution and CFD solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, with determination of convergence rates and orders of accuracy of these solutions, illustrate the utility of the developed exact solution for verification purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis
Authors: Travella Ana , Ripollés Lorena , Aventin Anna , Rodríguez Andrea , Bezares Raimundo F , Caballín María R , Slavutsky Irma
Published: September 2012

In this study, we described cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis performed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients with structural alterations. Results were correlated with clinical characteristics. A total of 38 CLL patients: 16 cases with complex and 22 with simple karyotypes were studied. For comparison of clinical parameters, a control group of 78 CLL patients with normal karyotype and without FISH genomic alterations were also evaluated. We found 38 structural abnormalities not previously described in the literature, 28 (74%) of them were translocations. In cases with complex karyotypes, chromosomes 6, 8 and 13 were the most frequently involved in new alterations (nine each), followed by chromosomes 12, 14 and 15 (six each). Chromosome 8p was particularly involved in losses, being 8p21‐pter the commonest region of overlap. Cases with simple karyotypes, showed del(6q) as the most frequent alteration (39%). Del(9)(q11) was recurrent in our series. Analysis of clinical parameters showed significant differences in white blood count (p = 0.005) and platelet count (p = 0.015) between patients with structural alterations and the control group. In addition, patients with structural alterations had a significantly shorter time to first treatment (TFT) (29 months) than the control group (69 months) (p = 0.037). Cases with complex karyotypes had a lower proportion of patients in Rai 0 clinical stage (15.4% vs 75%) (p = 0.005) and higher β2 microglobulin levels (3.3 vs 2.5 µg/mL) (p = 0.037) than those with simple karyotypes. Furthermore, a shorter TFT (13 months) and overall survival (56 months) in the complex karyotypes group compared with controls (69 and 144 months, respectively) (p = 0.015 and p = 0.005, respectively) were also found. Our results support the importance of cytogenetic analysis for clinical outcome in CLL and suggest that the diversity of genomic alterations is much greater than previously appreciated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐evaluation of prognostic markers including staging, serum free light chains or their ratio and serum lactate dehydrogenase in multiple myeloma patients receiving novel agents
Authors: Maltezas Dimitrios , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Katodritou Irene , Repousis Panagiotis , Pouli Anastasia , Terpos Evangelos , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Delimpasi Sossana , Michalis Evridiki , Anargyrou Konstantinos , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Stefanoudaki Aikaterini , Tzenou Tatiana , Koulieris Efstathios , Sachanas Sotiris , Dimou Maria , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Angelopoulou Maria K. , Pangalis Gerassimos A. , Kyrtsonis Marie‐Christine
Published: September 2012

International Staging System (ISS), serum free light chain ratio (sFLCR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are well known, easily assessed independent prognostic indicators of outcome in multiple myeloma (MM). The purpose of the study was to re‐examine the prognostic contribution of these variables in a multicenter setting with special attention to MM patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or novel agents (NA). Three hundred and five symptomatic newly diagnosed MM patients were retrospectively studied. Twenty‐seven per cent, 32% and 41% were in ISS stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Fifty‐six per cent of them presented kappa light chain monoclonality; median sFLCR was 27.04 (0.37–1.9 × 105) and 47.97 (0.26–2.3 × 107) for kappa patients and lambda patients, respectively; patients with sFLCR above median constituted the high sFLCR group. Thirty‐one per cent of patients had increased LDH. As first line treatment, 55.7% received conventional treatment and 44.3% NA. After induction, 24% underwent ASCT, whereas 76% received NA at any line, either bortezomib (82.5%), thalidomide (48%) or lenalidomide (27%). When the 305 patients were analyzed together, staging, high sFLCR and abnormal LDH were predictive of survival. The same was true for patients that never received NA, whereas neither high sFLCR nor abnormal LDH constituted adverse factors in patients that received NA frontline. In the last group of patients, no difference was observed between ISS stages 2 and 3. The median 5‐year survival of patients that never received NA versus those who did frontline was 29% vs 47%, 7% vs 52% and 24% vs 40% in patients with abnormal LDH, high sFLCR and ISS stage 3, respectively (p = 0.03, p < 0.00001 and p = 0.035). In conclusion, patients gaining the most from NA are those with an aggressive disease as reflected by advanced stage, abnormal LDH and high sFLCR. In addition, the adverse impact of these three variables is obscured by NA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of 137Cs and 210Pbex measurements on deposits in a karst depression to study the erosional response of a small karst catchment in Southwest China to land‐use change
Authors: Bai Xiaoyong , Zhang Xinbao , Long Yi , Liu Xiuming , Siyu Zhang
Published: September 2012

Karst depressions represent important sinks for sediment, and such sediment can provide a valuable record of the impact of environmental change on soil erosion rates. However, the sediment dynamics of karst depressions are not well understood. This contribution reports a study of the small catchment of a karst depression in Southwest China, with a drainage area of 0.054 km2, aimed at using the sediment deposits in the depression to reconstruct the erosional response of the catchment to land‐use change and, more particularly, the deforestation which took place in 1979. 137Cs and 210Pbex are used as both chronometers and as tracers. Five cores, collected from the bottom of a depression, with an area of 2652 m2, showed similar 137Cs depth distributions, with a single 137Cs peak, which was attributed to the 1979 deforestation. The 137Cs activity associated with the peaks varied between 5.68 ± 0.64 and 9.19 ± 0.99 Bq kg–1. The average depth of sediment deposition between 1979 and 2008 deduced from the depths of the 1979 137Cs peak was 74.1 cm. The existence of relatively high 210Pbex activity of 66.33 ± 8.44 Bq kg–1 in the upper section (0–16 cm) of the core analyzed for 210Pbex suggests that recent sedimentation has been very limited. Net erosion rates on the hillslopes contributing runoff and sediment t to the depression were estimated to be 5258 t km–2 year–1 from 1979 to 1990 and 256 t km–2 year–1 from 1991 to 2008, respectively. The high sediment yield in the first period was associated with the severe soil erosion triggered by the 1979 deforestation, which resulted from the changes in land ownership immediately after the Cultural Revolution. Soil erosion has been very limited since 1990 because the thin soils had been totally removed from many parts of the karst slopes and the soils remaining on the other parts of the slopes have been protected by terracing or vegetation rehabilitation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain–snow transition of the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Hinckley Eve‐Lyn S. , Ebel Brian A. , Barnes Rebecca T. , Anderson Robert S. , Williams Mark W. , Anderson Suzanne P.
Published: September 2012

In the Colorado Front Range, forested catchments near the rain–snow transition are likely to experience changes in snowmelt delivery and subsurface water transport with climate warming and associated shifts in precipitation patterns. Snowpack dynamics are strongly affected by aspect: Lodgepole pine forested north‐facing slopes develop a seasonal snowpack, whereas Ponderosa pine‐dotted south‐facing slopes experience intermittent snow accumulation throughout winter and spring. We tested the degree to which these contrasting water input patterns cause different near‐surface hydrologic response on north‐facing and south‐facing hillslopes during the snowmelt period. During spring snowmelt, we applied lithium bromide (LiBr) tracer to instrumented plots along a north–south catchment transect. Bromide broke through immediately at 10‐ and 30‐cm depths on the north‐facing slope and was transported out of soil waters within 40 days. On the south‐facing slope, Br− was transported to significant depths only during spring storms and remained above the detection limit throughout the study. Modelling of unsaturated zone hydrologic response using Hydrus‐1D corroborated these aspect‐driven differences in subsurface transport. Our multiple lines of evidence suggest that north‐facing slopes are dominated by connected flow through the soil matrix, whereas south‐facing slope soils experience brief periods of rapid vertical transport following snowmelt events and are drier overall than north‐facing slopes. These differences in hydrologic response were largely a function of energy‐driven differences in water supply, emphasizing the importance of aspect and climate forcing when considering contributions of water and solutes to streamflow in catchments near the snow line. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydraulic modelling calibration in small rivers by using coarse resolution synthetic aperture radar imagery
Authors: Tarpanelli A. , Brocca L. , Melone F. , Moramarco T.
Published: September 2012

This study investigates the potential of the low‐resolution images (150 m) derived by the Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar onboard the ENVISAT satellite to calibrate a hydraulic model coupled with a semidistributed hydrologic model applied to a subcatchment of the upper‐middle Tiber River, Genna basin (<100 km2), in central Italy, wherein a flood event occurred on 28 November 2010 causing high damages. Specifically for this flood event, an Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar image is available for the peak region of the discharge hydrograph. Different image processing techniques are used for the assessment of the flooded areas by using both a single image and a change detection image based on an additional (dry) reference image. The satellite‐derived flooded areas are adopted for the calibration of the channel and floodplain Manning's roughness coefficients of a ‘quasi‐two‐dimensional’ hydraulic model applied to the study basin, which allows to distinguish the main channel from the floodplain. The inflows for the hydraulic model corresponding to each tributary of the main channel are determined by a semidistributed hydrologic model calibrated by using a set of historical flood events.

The hydraulic model calibration is also carried out by using the same set of historical flood events. For the event of November 2010, the modelled discharge and water level hydrographs obtained with the two sets of Manning roughness (via satellite and historical calibration) are compared with in situ observations at the outlet of the basin.

This application on a small catchment contributes to strengthen the value of remote sensing data confirming the potential of synthetic aperture radar imagery to reduce uncertainties in hydraulic modelling calibration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The severity of duodeno‐esophageal reflux influences the development of different histological types of esophageal cancer in a rat model
Authors: Miyashita Tomoharu , Miwa Koichi , Fujimura Takashi , Ninomiya Itasu , Fushida Sachio , Shah Furhawn A. , Harmon John W. , Hattori Takanori , Ohta Tetsuo
Published: September 2012

The mechanism through which each histological type of carcinoma arises from the esophageal mucosa remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether there is an association between the severity of duodeno‐esophageal reflux and the histological type of esophageal cancer. A series of 120 male Fischer rats, weighing ∼180 g, were randomized to receive one of the following procedures: duodeno‐forestomach reflux (DFR) with reduced exposure to duodenal contents, duodeno‐esophageal reflux (DER) with increased exposure to duodenal contents and three control operations (DFR, DER control and sham). The reflux of bile was estimated with 99mTc‐PMT scintigraphy. All animals were fed a standard diet without carcinogen. The esophageal mucosa was assessed 50 weeks after surgery for carcinoma. The median scanned fraction rate of duodeno‐esophageal reflux was significantly lower for the rodents in the DFR group than those in the DER group. Five of 28 rodents in the DFR group and 17 of the 22 rodents in the DER group developed esophageal carcinoma. None of the controls developed carcinoma. The five rodents in the DFR group developed SCC. Of 22 esophageal carcinomas for the DER group, nine were SCC, 12 ADC and one was adenosquamous carcinoma. The fraction of esophageal SCC for the DFR group was significantly higher than that for the DER group, while the fraction of esophageal ADC for the DFR group was significantly lower than that for the DER group. These observations suggest that the severity of duodeno‐esophageal reflux in rodents is related to the development of different histological types of esophageal carcinoma.
Using Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise to Improve Latino Students' School Success
Authors: Ivers Nathaniel N. , Milsom Amy , Newsome Deborah W.
Published: September 2012

Academic success among Latino youth is low relative to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. It is important that school counselors recognize factors that influence school success among Latino youth and develop strategies to assist those students in reaching their potential. The authors discuss Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise as a framework by which school counselors can conceptualize school failure among Latino youth and devise developmental, contextual, and culturally sensitive interventions to improve Latino students’ academic and career success. They present a case study to illustrate ideas and discuss specific implications for school counselors and possibilities for future research.
Probing lymphoma infiltration in spleen of AKR/J mice chronically exposed to electromagnetic fields for risk assessment – toward noninvasive modeling
Authors: Donfack Patrice , Grote Karen , Lerchl Alexander , Materny Arnulf
Published: September 2012

Using the AKR/J mouse model, the potential of Raman spectroscopy for monitoring lymphoma in predisposed subjects is demonstrated by discriminating lymphoma infiltration in spleens; the relevance of different excitation profiles is shown. Under green excitation with optimal fluorescence bleaching, stronger DNA bands, intensity variations at amide‐III and phenylalanine bands, and the behavior of the 1606/1639 cm–1 doublet correlate with tumorigenesis. Under red excitation, Raman fingerprints with multivariate models help to discriminate AKR/J‐mouse histological subtypes: Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LB) is found significantly distant from both separated lymphocytic lymphoma (LL) and healthy spleen; this agrees with histology since LB has well differentiated large lymphoma cells, while LL, with smaller cells similar to normal lymphocytes, usually cannot be discriminated from normal tissue without histoimmunoassays. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Post‐translational modifications in activation and inhibition of oct‐1–DNA binding complex in H2B and other diverse gene regulation: Prediction of interplay sites
Authors: Shakoori Abdul Rauf , Hoessli Daniel C. , Nasir‐ud‐Din
Published: September 2012

Octamer DNA binding transcription factors play important roles in housekeeping and specific gene regulations. Octamer DNA binding transcription factor‐1 (Oct‐1), expressed ubiquitously, is a multifunctional molecule. The binding sites of Oct‐1 are the promoters of H2B gene and the genes of snRNA, U2, U6, and 7SK, yet Oct‐1 has been described as constitutively expressed transcription factor regulating the expression of housekeeping genes. Diverse tissue‐specific genes regulations by Oct‐1 include genes for interleukins (IL) 2, 3, 5; the granulocyte‐macrophagal colony‐stimulating factor, immunoglobulins α, β, Ly9; the endocrine‐associated Pit‐1 gene; the genes for gonadoliberin, prolactin, the thyroid transcription factor, and thyrotropin. The most interesting aspect of the gene regulations of Oct‐1 includes both activation and inhibition of transcription. These opposite regulations of Oct‐1 have been described through presence/absence of a post‐translational modification (PTM) in its different domains. We propose a mechanism of interplay of different PTMs or presence/absence of PTMs in the different domains of Oct‐1. We also suggest that the absence of phosphorylation and acetylation in G1 and S phases of the cell cycle is associated with interplay of methylation and O‐GlcNAc modification. This interplay of O‐GlcNAc modification with the phosphorylation and methylation with acetylation in POU sub‐domain of Oct‐1 may facilitate the formation of Oct‐1–DNA complex, consequently activating H2B gene transcription. Whereas, in G2 and M phases these sites are occupied by phosphate resulting in inhibition of Oct‐1–DNA complex formation leading to the suppression of H2B gene transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 266–274, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FIPSDock: A new molecular docking technique driven by fully informed swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Lei , Li Wentao , Zhao Dongyu , Song Miao , Yang Yongliang
Published: September 2012

The accurate prediction of protein–ligand binding is of great importance for rational drug design. We present herein a novel docking algorithm called as FIPSDock, which implements a variant of the Fully Informed Particle Swarm (FIPS) optimization method and adopts the newly developed energy function of AutoDock 4.20 suite for solving flexible protein–ligand docking problems. The search ability and docking accuracy of FIPSDock were first evaluated by multiple cognate docking experiments. In a benchmarking test for 77 protein/ligand complex structures derived from GOLD benchmark set, FIPSDock has obtained a successful predicting rate of 93.5% and outperformed a few docking programs including particle swarm optimization (PSO)@AutoDock, SODOCK, AutoDock, DOCK, Glide, GOLD, FlexX, Surflex, and MolDock. More importantly, FIPSDock was evaluated against PSO@AutoDock, SODOCK, and AutoDock 4.20 suite by cross‐docking experiments of 74 protein–ligand complexes among eight protein targets (CDK2, ESR1, F2, MAPK14, MMP8, MMP13, PDE4B, and PDE5A) derived from Sutherland‐crossdock‐set. Remarkably, FIPSDock is superior to PSO@AutoDock, SODOCK, and AutoDock in seven out of eight cross‐docking experiments. The results reveal that FIPS algorithm might be more suitable than the conventional genetic algorithm‐based algorithms in dealing with highly flexible docking problems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A convective replica‐exchange method for sampling new energy basins
Authors: Spill Yannick G. , Bouvier Guillaume , Nilges Michael
Published: September 2012

Replica‐exchange is a powerful simulation method for sampling the basins of a rugged energy landscape. The replica‐exchange method's sampling is efficient because it allows replicas to perform round trips in temperature space, thereby visiting both low and high temperatures in the same simulation. However, replicas have a diffusive walk in temperature space, and the round trip rate decreases significantly with the system size. These drawbacks make convergence of the simulation even more difficult than it already is when bigger systems are tackled. Here, we present a simple modification of the exchange method. In this method, one of the replicas steadily raises or lowers its temperature. We tested the convective replica‐exchange method on three systems of varying complexity: the alanine dipeptide in implicit solvent, the GB1 β‐hairpin in explicit solvent and the Aβ25–35 homotrimer in a coarse grained representation. For the highly frustrated Aβ25–35 homotrimer, the proposed “convective” replica‐exchange method is twice as fast as the standard method. It discovered 24 out of 27 free‐energy basins in less than 500 ns. It also prevented the formation of groups of replicas that usually form on either side of an exchange bottleneck, leading to a more efficient sampling of new energy basins than in the standard method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.