bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of coronary heart disease on the Iranian oil industry [1999-2000]
Authors: Larijani B. , Fakhrzadeh H. , Mohaghegh M. , Pourebrahim R. , Akhlaghi M. R.
Published: September 2021

To estimate the direct cost of coronary heart disease [CHD] to the Iranian oil industry, we calculated the cost of essential services for 1253 CHD patients admitted to the National Iranian Oil Corporation [NIOC] Central Hospital. The direct cost of CHD at the Hospital was 10940 million rials [US$ 1 = 8000 rials], or 8.7 million rials per patient. The direct cost of CHD to the Iranian oil industry was estimated at 22 770 million rials. Working days lost to workers hospitalized for CHD amounted to 62 832. The heavy burden of CHD on the Iranian oil industry necessitates the introduction of an industry-wide prevention programme
Smoking patterns among primary health care attendees, Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Haddad N. S. , Al Habeeb T. A. , Abdel Gadir M. H. , Al Ghamdy Y. S. , Qureshi N. A.
Published: September 2021

Prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and medical co-morbidity of smoking among a cross-section of primary health care [PHC] clients in Saudi Arabia were examined. We used a 44-item semistructured questionnaire to collect data from 1752 patients at 25 randomly selected PHC centres. Percentage of smoking was 52.3%. Although 85% were adult smokers, 8.6% began smoking before age 12. Smokers gave overlapping reasons to smoke including peer pressure; non-smokers gave religious and health logics against smoking. Of all smokers, 92.8% wanted to learn cessation strategies, 11.8% were ignorant of hazards and 32.4% reported manifestations of nicotine withdrawal. Besides alcohol use [13.4%], 81.8% had co-morbid physical disease
Pregnancies past the estimated date of confinement: labour and delivery outcome
Authors: Al Taani M.
Published: September 2021

To compare labour and delivery outcomes in women undergoing induction and those having spontaneous onset for pregnancies past the estimated date of delivery, a prospective study of 395 singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies was performed. Labour was induced in 175 women. Overall caesarean section rate was 9.4%, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Overall rate of assisted vaginal deliveries was 7%, higher in the induction group than the spontaneous onset group but the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in occurrence of intrapartum meconium, nor for maternal morbidity. No neonate needed intubation. No perinatal deaths occurred. Perinatal mortality and morbidity are preventable, and induction of labour before 42 weeks is justifiable to prevent adverse outcomes
Acute rheumatic fever in Jordanian children
Authors: Khriesat I. , Najada A. , Al Hakim F. , Abu Haweleh A.
Published: September 2021

Rheumatic fever remains a significant health problem in Jordan. We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 28 boys and 22 girls [mean age at presentation 10.5 +/- 2.6 years] with confirmed diagnosis based on modified Jones criteria at Queen Alia Heart Institute from February 1999 to February 2002. Arthritis was the commonest major manifestation [88%; 68% migratory], carditis was second commonest [48%; 8% silent carditis] and chorea was seen in 6%. None had subcutaneous nodules or erythema marginatum. The mitral valve was most commonly affected [80%] ; both mitral and aortic valves were affected in 25%. Pericarditis was seen in 12.5% and acute congestive heart failure in 4%. Practitioners should be aware of diverse clinical presentations and emphasize strict adherence to prophylaxis guidelines
Kurdish Spoken Letter Recognition based on k-NN and SVM Model
Authors: Abdul Zrar Khalid
Published: September 2021

Automatic recognition of spoken letters is one of the most challenging tasks in the area of speech recognition system. In this paper, different machine learning approaches are used to classify the Kurdish alphabets such as SVM and k-NN where both approaches are fed by two different features, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Moreover, the features are combined together to learn the classifiers. The experiments are evaluated on the dataset that are collected by the authors as there as not standard Kurdish dataset. The dataset consists of 2720 samples as a total. The results show that the MFCC features outperforms the LPC features as the MFCCs have more relative information of vocal track. Furthermore, fusion of the features (MFCC and LPC) is not capable to improve the classification rate significantly.
Freedom of Expression in the UK and Protection of Privacy in Human Rights: Princess Diana’s Case as an Example
Authors: Ahmad Araz Ramazan , Hamasaeed Nazakat Hussein , Saud Muhammad
Published: September 2021

This paper mainly aims to argue the research questions “what is the right of privacy?, how the article 8 protected privacy in Act 1998 and to deliberate the case of princes Diana Between the freedom of expression and protect the privacy?. Hence, to discourse the impact of the media Law in dealing  with freedom of expression and the right of privacy.

 This paper will argues the concept of the Freedom of expression which is one of the most fundamental aspect of the individuals rights that enjoy in everyday life. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity in the community. On the other hand, the paper will explore the impact on media law and some examples of rich figure, media celebrity and famous, which they complaining of the media invasion of privacy will be explained, and then how the Court treated with Princess Diana’s case in the viewpoint of privacy and freedom of excretion concepts. The paper mainly depends on the content analysis method for analysing legal documentation of the articles related to the freedom of expression, also it depends on the case-study method for its sample which is Princess Diana’s case.
The Eisenhawer Doctrine (1957): The Impact on Arabic Countries and The Soviet Union Attitude
Authors: Ahmad Harem Hasan , Mustafa Ribwar Khalid , Salim Ibrahim Ali
Published: September 2021

Following the end of World War II, and emerging of a vacuum after the withdrawal of British and French forces from some of the Middle East countries in the region, creating fear in Western countries, particularly the United States, that the Eastern Bloc, in particular Russia, would seek to fill the vacuum and spread the idea of leftism and communism in the region. For this reason, the United States has made every effort to confront the idea of communism and establish a foothold in the region among its policies. To this end, then US President Harry Truman announced his country's new policy in the context of the Truman project on the Middle East in (1945). Following Harry Truman, when Eisenhower assumed power as the new US president in (1953), he put forward the new policy of his country named Eisenhower’s Dwight in Congress in order to confront Russian politics and infiltrate communist thought in the area. There were several items in his project that emphasized the cooperation of Middle Eastern countries, especially in the economic and military fields. 

     The Eisenhower’s Dwight has had a variety of reactions from countries in the region, especially Arab countries. Some have accepted it from the very beginning. Some also expressed opposition to the project. There were also countries that initially opposed the Eisenhower project, but after a period of time following US efforts and pressure, eventually endorsed the project and became a fan of the US. As a result of these political divisions in the region, several political and military alliances between the countries of the Middle East Were formed. The idea of Nasser and the idea of Arab nationalism come to life at this time. Although originally favored by the Eastern Bloc, especially Russia, it also partially weakened the notion of communism and was about to cause tension between proponents of these two ideas. This situation had nothing in fact to do other than destabilizing the political state and the occurrence of several coups in order to change the regime of some of Middle Eastern countries, besides the long sovereignty of some Arab rulers.Regarding the Soveit Union attitude towards the Eisenhower’s doctrine, it can be seen that,the Soveit Union ctitisized  by the Soviet authorities from internal and external the SoveitUnbion.For instance the The Soveit Union attempted to gain extermal allies among the Middle Middle Eastren countries to convince them this doctrine is a part previous imperliams that supported by Westren countries.Finally,in the United Nation,The Soveit attempted to make a campaign to remove this doctrine as it mention a therat of world peace.
Situation of Official Schools in Erbil City 1980 – 1991
Authors: Sidiq Snur Sabah
Published: September 2021

The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil is of great historical and cultural importance, especially for the city that historians have confirmed in historical sources as one of the oldest cities in the world.

The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil for the period between 1980-1991 did not have the importance of being mentioned by researchers, and scientific research has not been conducted on it. Therefore, there is a scientific necessity to carry out such research. The reason for choosing the study period (1980 - 1991) is that because of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, all aspects of life were affected by this war. Although this war ended in 1988, its effects and repercussions continued to affect the joints of Life in Iraq and the city of Erbil, in addition to the fact that political problems and convulsions grew and developed in that period until Iraq entered Kuwait in 1990, which resulted in wars and regional and internal problems in Iraq. Since that date, a new historical era has begun in the region.

This study consists of an introduction to the topic in addition to two main axes and concluded with a list of sources and appendices, in the entry a summary of the official study in the city of Erbil for the period between 1970 - 1980 was presented, and the first axis was devoted to the political situation and the educational process for the period between 1980 - 1991, and in the second axis The laws, regulations, and educational curricula for the period between 1980 - 1991 are covered.
Client’s Satisfaction toward Communication Skills among Doctors in Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City
Authors: Shekho Zhian Mueen , Fatah Kareem Aziz
Published: September 2021

Back ground and Objectives: Effective communication is important at all steps of human life, most especially in healthcare organizations because it enables good relationships between doctors and clients and helps them in challenging healthcare choices. This study aimed to identify level of satisfaction of clients with communication of doctors in primary health care centers and to find out the association between client’s satisfaction and their socio-demographics.

Methods: Quantitative design, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the level of client’s satisfaction toward communication skills of doctors in four primary health care centers. The data were collected at the period of 15th of April, 2019 to 1st of July, 2019. So, 300 clients were chosen randomly.

Result: The mean age + SD was 35.0 + 10.8 years, ranging from 19 to 70 years. The median was 33 years. The majority (71%) of the clients aged less than 40 years. Around two thirds (64.3%) of the clients were females, and 80.3% of the clients were Muslims. Around one third (34.3%) of the clients attended the PHC centers for immunization, 32% for checkup, and 23% for medical treatment. 34.4% of the clients visit the PHC center more than four times per year, 26% visit the center four times per year, and 25% of the clients visit the center three times per year. There was no significant association between the communication skills of doctors with the following variables: age of the client (p = 0.096), gender (p = 0.315), religion (p = 0.653), educational level (p = 0.615), type of health care services (p = 0.469), and number of visits per year (p = 0.089).

Conclusion: study revealed that 26% of clients who were very satisfied with physician’s communication skills, and 36.3% were satisfied, and 6.7 % dissatisfied. There were no significant association between the client satisfactions of doctors with their socio-demographical characteristics.
A Proposal System Design of Evaluating Employees Performance in Qaladze Bank, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Hassan Muzhgan Ibrahim , Ahmed Aso Kurdo
Published: September 2021

This study presents a new model for Evaluating employees’ performance  by considering their job criteria so that employees are evaluated not only on the basis of their individual criteria but also on the job criteria they are working on. This is the most important feature of this research compared to previous cases. Based on the presented model, the relevant criteria with discrete coefficients are determined for the two individual criteria and job criteria. Individual criteria were obtained through library studies and partial selection into three managerial, social, and technical groups. Occupational criteria were selected based on the results of one of the studies. To determine the coefficients of the principal and sub-individual criteria, the simple and fuzzy AHP method is used to determine occupational criteria, respectively, and the simple and fuzzy AHP paired scales To determine the coefficients of job criteria. Finally, each employee is given scores (maximum 5) on each of the occupational and individual criteria. Employee rankings are based on the coefficients of individual and occupational criteria as well as the points earned, using TOPSIS algorithm. The final score of each employee is calculated based on the average score of two points obtained by the TOPSIS method. All of the above steps are designed in the TOPSIS format of an Excel spreadsheet decision support system with VB programming language and at Qaladze Bank level, which consists of 75 employees and 10 departments. In order to execute the model more accurately, it is recommended that a person or group be consulted on all the jobs of the organization to comment on all the coefficients of the available jobs in the organization to make assertions about the business coefficients that underlie the proposed model. Also add a 360-degree evaluation method to measure people from different perspectives.
Pronounced Skin Diseases In The Crown Of The Bride For Zubaidi
Authors: Mahmood Kosar Dler , AL Samaraee Ibrahim Abud
Published: September 2021

Lexical authorship is one of the most important efforts that cannot be underestimated because of its role in understanding the meanings and semantics of words. Studies have proven that Arabic is one of the most widely used languages ​​in the world. Arabic or Dad has received more attention than other languages, so the crown of the bride is one of the largest dictionaries that contain a huge number of vocabulary including words related to diseases. For leather.

     Dermatology or dermatology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is also concerned with nail and hair diseases and is traditionally associated with sexually transmitted diseases. The doctor in this medical branch is often called a dermatologist. Of external influences and visible.

    Skin diseases and disorders differ in the severity of their symptoms, their causes, and the strength of their effect; some cases may be mild, transient and may be life-threatening, so the research aims to study and show the words skin diseases mentioned in the bride's crown Zubaidi distributed on diseases related to pimples, skin color change, And dissected superficial and flesh contact, tumors in addition to hair diseases, which are classified as skin diseases, and concluded the study with the conclusion of the most important findings of the research, including: The most diseases that affect the skin phenomenon, which makes it a social disease more than organically, most of the words mentioned Zubaidi, a skin still Mskhaddmhaly this day and widespread medical, unlike synonymous words that have disappeared and have become unused.
What is critique in Kant’s Critical philosophy
Authors: Faraj Nawzad Jamal
Published: September 2021

This paper tries to answer a main question: what is critics and criticism? It is obvious that Kant’s philosophy marked by “Criticism” which is defined as a philosophical turn in the history of philosophy. In Kant’s philosophy critic is not just a title of his three main books, but it is his way of look at philosophy and the role of philosopher. In other words, the main task of philosophy and philosophizing, it is not defending or interpreting a single philosophical perspective, but it is to judge and criticize all kinds of philosophical enquires.

This mean that since Kant’s approach, philosophical inquiry has taken another direction: toward the critic of philosophical subjects. Philosophy have to start with critic of reason and its scope. And reason alone is in charge of criticizing. In other words, reason is the suspicious guilty one and the defender in the court of reason.
Financial Rights of Journalists in Media Institutions
Authors: Mohammed Kawa Abdulridha , Jalal Iman Safauldeen , Rashid Ikram Saeed , Hussein Ashti Hama Salih
Published: September 2021

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, this descriptive research is divided into three main chapters; the first chapter introduces the research methodology, while the second chapter addresses the theoretical part with the major focus on the rights and responsibilities of journalists within the frame of law. Finally, the third chapter is devoted to present the practical part in addition to statistical analysis to the collected data taken from the population of the study which embraces neighborhoods and suburbs of Sulaimaniyah.

            For the primary data collection, this descriptive research relied on distributing one hundred and fifty questionnaires shared among one hundred and fifty media professionals who work for Gali Kurdistan Media Agency and NRT Channels. Then, the collected data went through an adequate and comprehensive analysis by means of SPSS. At the end of this research, many results were pointed out, above all, the study found that the law in force fails to provide and secure the rights of journalists in Kurdistan Region.
Independent Personality and its Relationship to the Hiding Feelings Among University Students in Erbil Province
Authors: Ahmed Halat Abdalwahid , Salih Yousif Hama
Published: September 2021

Background: Independent personality, is a basic feature of the personality of the normal individual and it positively affects the life of the individual and society, while hiding feelings negatively affects the life of the individual and society.

 

Methods: The researchers used the descriptive curriculum، and the sample is of university youths, and the number of the students is (400) students، and adopted the scale (Molly،2013) to measure the personality of independence، consisted of (35) items and three (options) to answer, and a measure was prepared to measure the hiding feelings, and was formed in its final form after completing the conditions of validity and reliability of (25) items and four options to the answers and then analyzed the data by using the statistical program (SPSS).

 

Results: the independent personality and hidden feelings among university students are at a high level، and there is no significant relationship between independent personality and hidden feelings.
The Future of Minorities in Post-ISIL Iraq
Authors: Khidhir Zaianddin Mawlood , Zsolt Rostovanyi , Ahmed Zubir Rasool
Published: September 2021

The period after June 2014 has seen forces from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), an armed group, spread quickly across Iraq. This process has led to massive displacements in which affected over two million people. Indeed, the primary targets of ISIL have been religious and ethnic minorities. Some of these groups include Yazidis, Shabak, Kaka’i, and Christians. Also, ISIL has abducted or injured many people, with thousands also killed. Examples of adverse actions that the armed group has committed include severe human rights abuses such as the looting of property, the abduction of children, the destruction of places of worship, sexual enslavement, rape, forced conversion, and summary executions. Whereas the period before the insurgency group’s entry still witnessed minorities exist as a vulnerable group, the violence led by ISIL has threatened to eliminate them permanently from regions such as the Nineveh Plains, have lived in these areas for several centuries. The main question purpose of this paper is to examine the future status of minorities in post-ISIL Iraq? ISIL. I will argue that although ISIL had been defeated in Iraq, their impact will be critical on Iraqi Minorities Even after the demise of ISIL. Currently, informal settlements, abandoned buildings, and camps in which the displaced persons live reflect deteriorating humanitarian conditions. With international agencies experiencing limited resources and also the government failing to offer an effective response, most of the international displaced people (IDPs)[1] do not have enough shelter, health care, water, food, and other essential items. Indeed, most vulnerable groups include children and women. At a time when the majority are contemplating emigration out of Iraq, their survival in the immediate and far future rests upon collaboration among four groups that include the international community, the Iraqi government, Kurdish authorities, and minorities themselves. Some of the specific areas that need to be addressed include the asylum dilemma, reconciliation and restoration, preventing future abuses, legislation, and humanitarian issues.
Specialties and Medical Services in Andalusia From the Islamic Conquest to the Era of the Kings of the Taifas (92 AH - 422 AH / 711 AD - 1031 AD)
Authors: Mirza Gulistan Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The medical movement in Andalusia was gradually developed in the period from (92-422/711-1031) until it reached a qualitative and scientific shift in its provision of medical services and the diversity of its specialties in the treatment of diseases. Medical specialties and services are among the most important achievements which Islamic medicine has reached. Doctors have developed these specialties through their medical works and innovations. And   the role of the rulers in promoting the scientific movement has had a significant impact on this development.

In this research we will talk about the specialties and services that were offered to the patients of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the era of the kings of the sects. The research consists of two sections, a summary and a conclusion and a list of sources and references.
The Role of Innovative Bank Products on Customer Perception Influencing Accounting Procedures in Kurdistan
Authors: Hassan Barham Khalid , Mohammed Ali Omer , Omer Raqeeb Abdullah
Published: September 2021

This study sought to find the role of innovative banking products on customer perception influencing accounting procedures in Kurdistan. The Innovative banking product was embraced as an independent variable through (transactional costs, innovation, and accessibility) and customer perception as a dependent variable. Lack of understanding of customer perception and accounting procedures is proving to be the main problem of the acceptance of products as it is the source of economic benefit in the Kurdistan financial sector. Pearson correlation tests were carried out to assess the relationship between the independent variables (Transaction costs, accessibility and innovation) and the dependent variable of Customer perceptions. Statistical package for the social sciences program (SPSS 20) was used for data analysis and presentation. Results indicated that all variables had a positive relationship with customer perceptions. The study recommended that the banks need to understand the risks associated with innovation in line with the accounting procedures to understand customer’s perception before developing and rolling out new products. Customers view products and services differently, therefore there is need to improve on customer relations, customer education and awareness and customer loyalty.
The Role of New Media Tools in Marketing for Goods and Services
Authors: Mahmud Parwa Omer , Kakashekh Hardawan Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

This research is an attempt to determine the role of new media tools in marketing for goods and services through a sample of marketing companies for goods and services. This research refers to the way marketing and electronic marketing equipment are used, and the most used marketing tools in the Kurdistan Region are.

The most important outcomes researchers have received are the art of marketing in new media forms, due to the nature and technique of new media forms and the number of use by participants. According to the majority of Facebook research samples, it comes in the first rank in the marketing process for services and this seems to be because the number of Facebook users is higher than any other network Facebook's options and usage options are also easier to market and the YouTweed social network has the least use in the marketing process, which may be because of it, which would make it more skilled to prepare a video for the marketing process. In the app chats, Viber comes first to marketing and telegram has the least users, and this is because of the wide and familiarity of people with App Viber, which the research samples believe It is more successful in the marketing process and the app ity of the architecture is because a small number of users are familiar with it, so it is not very successful in the marketing process. Also, about the role of new media forms, the website comes in the first place and the blog comes in the rank of co-coordinator because the blog in the research community is not cared for and people don't have information about it.
The Role of Social Networks in Creating Public Opinion About Electronic Study
Authors: Mohamad Shanaz Sadeq , Qadir Sara Mohsen
Published: September 2021

In line with the developments of various social networks, it has made the public see a change for all the various issues in the nation, one of which was the issue of electronic education, which has been influenced by the social networks, especially by students. Therefore, from this perspective, the researcher in the research scientifically shows the role of the social networks in creating public opinion about the process of electronic study. This research is a description, a researcher who has used the research to achieve detailed and necessary data and information about the subject of survey methodology research. Among the students of Kurdistan University, Salahaddin University and World University students are research samples of 422 students of both maleand female genders, the most important results that researchers have reached are the social networks that are a reason for creating public opinion and all The data spread through the social network to a process have created public opinion about the electronic study process, the strongest network, the Facebook social network to create public opinion in Kurdistan. In the short list of research, recommendations and suggestions have been made.
The Effectiveness of An Educational Program Based on The Theory of Cognitive Load in the Development of Reasoning Among Students in the Eighth Grade in the Social Subject
Authors: Sadiq Mohamad Mahyadin , Hama-Ameen Othman Abdullah
Published: September 2021

The research aims at identifying (The effectiveness of an educational program based on theory of cognitive load in the development of reasoning among students in the eighth grade in the social material). Through the application of the reasoning Test, which was prepared by (Al-Jabari, 1994) for Basic school students and applied to the Iraqi environment, the standard measure is (50) paragraphs for measuring reasoning, and the researcher has followed descriptive and experimental approaches. The study participants were (74) male and female students randomly divided into two groups: Experimental Group (37), male and female students and a group of control (37), male and female students. The researcher taught the experimental group using the educational program based on the cognitive load theory, while the control group was taught by traditional education.

 

The results of the study showed that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the educational program are superior to the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method of reasoning. The results also showed that there are no differences between the average grades of the test for males and females in the test of reasoning. The students of the experimental group who studied social studies according to the educational program based on the cognitive load theory.
The Effects of Media Language Using of Comedian Program Audiences of Kurdish Televisions; BEZMÎ BEZM Program at KurdMax TV As A Case Study
Authors: Aivas Shwan Adam , Abdulla Mahabad Kamel
Published: September 2021

This study is an attempt to evaluate the effects of media language misusing in comedian programs of Iraqi Kurdish televisions. To achieve this goal, the researchers have done an online survey with 145 TV viewers; as well as analyzing the thematic contents of 12 episodes of the BEZMÎ BEZM program on the KurdMax satellite channel.

 

Based on the research results; media language misusing in the BEZMÎ BEZM program has negative effects on viewers of this program, despite the fact that the majority of opinions agreed on the definition of this satellite as a Kurdish entertainment channel and the rates of views of its main programs "Great". However, they also agreed that this program on the KurdMax satellite channel has become a popular platform for insults, exchange of accusations, and defamation of certain personalities and groups in society, and a reason for sabotaging the Kurdish language and its methods, producing linguistic and psychological violence and highlighting gender discrimination. In addition to sabotaging the public taste of viewers, lack of respect for their needs, delinquency of adolescents, reducing the value of artistic work etiquette and educational foundations, and underestimating the family and Kurdish culture and its peculiarities. As for the topics presented in this program, the main goal is to make viewers laugh only and to achieve this; they do not hesitate to spread market language and archaic and patriarchal cultures, encourage gender differences of men and women, social and sexual taboos, defame personalities, neglect health guidelines, and violate professional media ethics. All of the above; represents the main identity of the BEZMÎ BEZM program on the KurdMax satellite channel. As a final point, this research has recommended the relevant people and bodies to subordinate such programs in order to review its content based on legal and ethical media standards, laws, and rules of the Kurdish language, along with abiding professional art principles.
Characterization, luminescent properties, and crystal structure determination of [Pt(Ph2bipy)Cl2]
Authors: Shamaei S. , Heidari A. , Amani V.
Published: September 2021

New complex [Pt(Ph2bipy)Cl2] (1) is obtained from the reaction of H2PtCl6×6H2O and 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Ph2bipy) in a mixture of methanol, chloroform, and dimethyl sulfo­xide. Suitable crystals of 1 for the diffraction experiment are obtained by slow evaporation of the resulted orange solution at room temperature. This complex is characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, and luminescence spectroscopy and its structure is studied by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. X-ray structure determination shows that in the structure of this compound, the Pt(II) atom is four-coordinated in a distorted square-planar configuration by two nitrogen atoms from a bidentate 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligand and two terminal chlorine atoms.
Features of Paperwork for Appointment of Widows as Prosphora Bakers in the Tobolsk Diocese in the 19th – Early 20th Century
Authors:   Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk, Russian Federation, Spichak Alexandra V.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to studying the diocesan paperwork on appointment of widows of clergy as prosphora bakers in the 19th - early 20th centuries. It uses general scientific, historical, and special methods of document science. Despite an abundance of works devoted to the life of clergy in pre-revolutionary Russia, the issue of the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory paperwork concerning request of the widows of clergy to appoint them prosphora bakers in the 19th - early 20th century remains unexplored. During the period of Church revival, it is of great importance to study the history of life of clergy and solution of their problems in the dioceses. The study is to identify the features of paperwork on appointment of widows of clergy as prosphora bakers in the Tobolsk diocese in the 19th - early 20th century. Having studied the previously unknown archival documents from the State Archive in Tobolsk, the author has found out what affected the duration of office-work processes and the number of their stages. Most quickly were solved problems of those women, who lived closest to the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory, and of those, whose requests were uncontroversial. Thus, there was no need to collect the lacking data, to clarify the controversial points, to enter into correspondence, and the office work included the least number of stages — seven. The number of stages and, accordingly, time needed increased with the moteness of the widow’s place of residence from the city of Tobolsk, where the spiritual consistory was located. The main stages were nearly identical, however, sometimes additional documents were demanded. In case of appointment as prosphora bakers, these were, firstly, approvals expressing the consent of the parishioners and the clergy of churches in which women were to serve, or certificates of village councils, and secondly, tickets for travel to their places of service. These latter were not specific to this type of cases, but general for all personnel-related issues concerning placement in the service and transfer. Bureaucratization prevented widows from getting their desired place faster, but it contributed to a better preservation of documents, thus providing an opportunity for modern researchers to study valuable archival sources. The results of the research may interest archivists; they may be used in preparation of courses on records management, history of organization of office work, and of special courses on the history of office work in institutions.
Participation of the Regional Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Bodies of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin in the Repressions of the Early 1930s: Archival Materials of the Kuban and Don
Authors:   S. M. Shtemenko Krasnodar Higher Military School, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Ivantsov Igor G.
Published: September 2021

The article has been written on the basis of archival materials of the early 1930s from the Documentation Center for the Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Krai. The article discusses the policies of the party bodies of the USSR, when conducting the policy of collectivization of agriculture and liquidation of kulaks as class. There has been no detailed study of the role of the regional party and state control in collectivization, dekulakization, and grain collections (khlebozagotovki), hence the novelty of the article. Direction of the repressions and control over them was largely carried out by the bodies of party-state control: Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin. Their activities were mostly closed-door. Collectivization management was mostly carried out by officials: communists, representatives of various party bodies and non-party organizations with prerequisite party cells and organizations. Their activity was directed and controlled by the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection in interaction with the OGPU, police, prosecutors, courts. They ordered to conduct collectivization and to destroy the kulaks (by means of arrest, confiscation, and deportation), while adhering to the appearance of legality, which engendered resistance and numerous violations of existing legislation. The duality of the party requirements resulted, on the one hand, in a drawn out period of repression. On the other hand, abuse that came to light was punished by means investigations, purges and checks, initiation of cases against the responsible parties, sometimes with their transfer to the prosecutor's office or court. Thus the most “zealous” were publicly punished or even repressed for their mismanagement of the party policy. Many local top men, feeling the duality and danger of their position, left their work and housing to hide away. At the same time, it turns out that the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection understood their role in carrying out of the activities entrusted to them and believed that they had a right to facilitate them with most severe support of the state power and without any regard to legislation. Identification, study, and introduction to the scientific use of new documentary evidence of the era allows a deeper understanding of the dramatic essence of the mass repression processes occurring in the country.
V. V. Bedin in Charge of the Central State Historical Archive of the USSR in Leningrad: 1945–52, 1954–64
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Raskin David I.
Published: September 2021

The article is to highlight the little-known pages in the history of the Russian State Historical Archive, one of the largest archives in Russia. Its story is an integral part of the history of archiving in Russia. The article is to show the role of an individual in the history of Russian archiving in a case-study of the activities of one of its most effective managers. His life is largely characteristic of the generation of archival leaders of the 1940s–60s, while his personal characteristics are unique. The article is based on genuine archival materials preserved in the so-called “Archive of the archive” and also on the memoirs of his contemporaries. It is devoted to the biography of Vasily Vasilyevich Bedin, the longtime head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad (now the Russian State Historical Archive). V. V. Bedin was appointed head of the archive at a difficult time. During the war and in the siege of Leningrad, the archive was headed by temporary leaders who replaced one another and did not always cope well with the responsibilities assigned to them. V. V. Bedin became the fifth head of the archive since 1941. Descent from the Novgorod gubernia peasants, a Red Army soldier during the Civil War, a political instructor, he became a party functionary, studied at the Institute of Red Professors. In 1937, he was appointed head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Belarus, and in 1939 became director of the Leningrad branch of the Museum of V. I. Lenin. On December 22, 1945, he was appointed head of the Central State Historical Archive in Leningrad. In this position, he did a lot to eliminate the consequences of the war and to put the archive in order; he strove to improve the situation of the archive’s staff. In a difficult political environment of the late 1940s - early 1950s he showed high integrity and much decency. This was the reason for his dismissal in 1952. But with the beginning of the “thaw,” V. V. Bedin was re-appointed head of the archive on July 3, 1954. Under his leadership, the archive became a truly scientific institution. V. V. Bedin created a businesslike atmosphere in the archive, allowing its staff of to show initiative and boldly discuss the fundamental issues of the archival administration development. He did a lot to improve the storage of archival documents. V. V. Bedin initiated the archive’s transition to a more functional structure. He remained in the memory of the Leningrad archivists as an effective and principled, demanding and caring leader.
“The Path to Victory”: Documents on the History of Evacuation Collected by the Chelyabinsk Region Archivists
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Pyankov Stepan A.
Published: September 2021

The article reviews the documents collection “The Path to Victory. Evacuation of industrial enterprises to the Chelyabinsk region during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45,” dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Victory. The book provides information about the enterprises evacuated to the Chelyabinsk region. The book structure is analyzed. The publication begins with a historiographic overview presenting the context for the history of wartime evacuation, its causes, scope, mechanisms, difficulties, and results. Besides the historiographic review, the collection contains two major documentary sections. The first one includes articles on departments evacuated to Chelyabinsk and on heads of the People’s Commissariats. The second section contains articles on enterprises relocated to the region. It includes bibliographic reference with data on the leaders of the Chelyabinsk region and employees of industrial enterprises. Each section contains unique archival documents from the fonds of the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (OGAChO). The collection is complemented by memoirs and photographic documents representing a comprehensive impression of the era. The review concludes that the collection is of great practical importance. The collection of historical documents prepared by the OGAChO team reconstructs the complex evacuation process and provides an incentive for further study of the economic history of Russia during the Great Patriotic War.
Instantes y presagios. Un estudio crítico de la poesía de Enoch Cancino Casahonda
Authors: Ruiz Pascacio Gustavo
Published: September 2021

El acercamiento al estudio de las literaturas regionales, como un modo operativo a escala de las formas de comprensión poética del mundo, es un hecho escasamente atendido por la investigación literaria en nuestra entidad. Referido a la poesía, en particular, y a la interpretación de los discursos poéticos producidos en lengua española en Chiapas durante el siglo XX, el interés formal es aún reciente. La dedicación académica hacia las literaturas regionales obedece a la lectura de una construcción de Sí, cuyas particularidades estima la aprehensión y la re-invención del imaginario poético. En el caso de la obra de algunos poetas de Chiapas, esto ha posibilitado el diálogo con las expresiones de la poesía contemporánea de México, Hispanoamérica y otras latitudes. En este marco, la obra poética de Enoch Cancino Casahonda (1928-2010) debe ser valorada más allá de su aliento fundacional, en tanto su condición de ser una poesía cósmica, idílicamente estelar y contemplativa de un Chiapas cosmogónico, tutelar y entrañable. El estudio de su conjunto semántico permite el conocimiento integral de su poética, la importancia de esta en el ámbito operativo de la creación literaria de la región y su relación con la tradición literaria. Esta investigación integra un aparato crítico secuencial que permite, primero, la descripción formal lingüístico-semántica del texto poético y, segundo, su análisis temático-comparativo, cuyo objeto de estudio es el poema como acto de lenguaje.
NÜFUS YAŞ YAPISINDAKİ DEĞİŞİMİN BÜTÇE AÇIKLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: KAYMAK Hanifi , DÖKMEN Gökhan
Published: September 2021

Nüfus yaş yapısındaki değişimin yarattığı nüfus yaşlanması, mali sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Azalan işgücü sonucu daralan vergi tabanı kamu gelirlerinde azalma yaratırken, artan yaşlı bağımlı nüfus kamu gider kalemlerinde (sağlık, sosyal güvenlik, emeklilik, tıbbi bakım vb.) artışlara sebep olmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, nüfus yaş yapısındaki değişimin kamu mali sistemi üzerindeki etkisine yönelik nicel bir analiz gerçekleştirmektedir. Analiz, nüfus yaş yapısındaki değişimin kamu gelir ve gider kalemlerinde gözlemlenen maliyet ve gelir değişimleriyle oluşturulmuş metodolojiye dayanmaktadır. Araştırmada, dinamik panel veri analizi sistem-GMM yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; yaşlı bağımlı oranı ile bütçe açıkları arasında %5 düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki mevcuttur. Diğer taraftan yaşlı bağımlılık oranlarının kamu harcamalarını pozitif yönde etkilediği ve anlamlı ilişki içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür.
Relações Capital-Trabalho no Brasil
Authors: Lestienne Bernardo
Published: September 2021

Tentamos neste artigo resgatar o essencial da história das relações capital-trabalho no Brasil, como pano de fundo para lembrar um século de ESI e para ler a Centesimus Annus. O campo é muito amplo. Quem mexe com o trabalho mexe também com a política, a economia e o social. História conflitiva, cheia de violências, com as suas numerosas vítimas e mártires. A frase do presidente Washington Luís, antes da revolução de 30: “A questão social é caso de polícia” poucas vezes deixou de ser aplicada pelos vários regimes políticos nos últimos 70 anos. Os trabalhadores foram excluídos de vários lugares de decisão política, econômica e social, e considerados como cidadãos de segunda categoria. A hegemonia do capital com todas as suas ramificações internacionais se consolidou enquanto o trabalho está sendo tratado apenas como servo deste. E é esse abandono e desprezo pelos trabalhadores a principal chave da atual dramática situação social do país.
Sobre o “status” do mercado, do capital e do capitalismo na “Centesimus Annus”
Authors: Delgado Guilherme C.
Published: September 2021

A propósito da comemoração do primeiro século da promulgação da “Rerum Novarum”, o Papa João Paulo II faz a reflexão pontifical sobre a sociedade, a economia e a política mundiais nos dois momentos históricos de final dos séculos XIX e XX, comparando-os, distinguindo-os e também inovando em sua interpretação...