bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The changing meaning of Taylagan Festival for contemporary Russia Buryat society: An adaptation of tradition
Authors: Adari Rania Ayu Shila Febriani , Elfira Mina
Published: November 2021

Festival is a product of a culture that develops according to the needs and times, including the Taylagan Festival. Taylagan Festival is one of the most important annual rituals for the Russian Buryat Shamans. In the contemporary era, this festival has also been performed for tourists. By using Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory, this research explores the impact of the changes of Taylagan Festival meanings for Russian Buryat contemporary society. At the same time, Eric Hobsbawm’s “The Invention of Tradition" (1992) is used to investigate the inventory of Taylagan Festival traditions, based on qualitative data collected through intensive interviews for selected informants. By using the descriptive analysis method, the research result shows that the change in the sacred values of the Russian Buryat Shamans in the Taylagan Festival has been started since the presence of Neo-shamans as a form of cultural adaptation during the Contemporary Era, which is known to be more modern and active in social and cultural activities.
Defining gay-friendly city as a space of resistance for Indonesian gays in Paris and Jakarta
Authors: Adihartono Wisnu
Published: November 2021

Migration is associated with the search for a more permissive environment. By linking Paris as a place of attachment, the author sees that Paris in this case can be indicated as the “home” for Indonesian gays. The feeling of “full gay” is a feeling that they never get when they stay in Indonesia. That is why many Indonesian gays decide to move out of Indonesia in any way regardless of the difficulties they face in the destination country. This paper answer two questions: what do we understand by “Gay-friendly city”? And if we talk about Jakarta, “can Jakarta be categorized as a gay-friendly city”? The author interviewed eight Indonesian gays directly in Paris with the naturalistic paradigm and analyzed with the qualitative research, and what will be found in this paper is the narrative of the eight informants. It can be said that the Indonesian gays who have migrated to Paris do not feel that their lives have been wasted. They do diaspora by going to gay bars and participating in gay pride parades. What they feel is a feeling of freedom to be able to channel their gender and sexual expression, and they found that Paris as a gay-friendly city is a kind of space of resistance.
The Borborema Strike-Slip Shear Zone System (NE Brazil): Large-Scale Intracontinental Strain Localization in a Heterogeneous Plate
Authors: Neves Sergio P. , Tommasi Andréa , Vauchez Alain , Carrino Thais Andressa
Published: November 2021

Large-scale strike-slip faults are fundamental tectonic elements of the continental lithosphere. They constitute plate boundaries (continental transforms), separate terranes with contrasting geological histories within accretionary orogens, or accommodate heterogeneous deformation in intracontinental settings. In ancient orogens, where deeper levels of the crust are exposed, these faults are expressed as shear zones materialized by up to tens of km-wide mylonitic belts. The Borborema shear zone system in northeastern Brazil is one of the largest and best-exposed intracontinental strike-slip shear zone systems in the world, cropping out over 250,000 km2. Here, we review its main geophysical, structural, petrologic, and geochronologic characteristics and discuss the factors controlling its development. This complex continental scale shear zone system is composed of a set of NE- to NNE-trending dextral shear zones from which there are two major E-trending dextral shear zones with horse-tail terminations into the transpressional belt branch, as well as several smaller E-trending dextral and NE-trending dextral and sinistral shear zones. The major shear zones are marked by extensive linear or curvilinear magnetic gradients, implying their continuation at depth. The major shear zones are materialized by migmatite to amphibolite-facies mylonites, but the entire system shows evidence of late deformation at lower temperatures. The system developed during the late stages of the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano (Pan-African) orogeny (mainly from 590 to 560 Ma), postdating by more than 20 Ma the main stage of contractional deformation. Localization of strike-slip shearing in this intraplate setting was controlled by rheological contrasts between blocks with distinct Paleoproterozoic histories, the presence of preorogenic Neoproterozoic rifts, the craton geometry, and zones of enhanced magmatic activity, highlighting the importance of rheological heterogeneity in controlling shear zone nucleation and evolution.
Evaluating Precision of Annular Pressure Buildup (APB) Estimation Using Machine-Learning Tools
Authors: Maiti Subhadip , Gupta Himanshu , Vyas Aditya , Kulkarni Sandeep D.
Published: November 2021

Annular pressure buildup (APB) is caused by heating of the trapped drilling fluids (during production), which may lead to burst/collapse of the casing or axial ballooning, especially in subsea high-pressure/high-temperature wells. The objective of this paper is to apply machine-learning (ML) tools to increase precision of the APB estimation, and thereby improve the fluid and casing design for APB mitigation in a given well.

The APB estimation methods in literature involve theoretical and computational tools that accommodate two separate effects: volumetric expansion [pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) response] of the annulus drilling fluids and circumferential expansion (and corresponding mechanical equilibrium) of the well casings. In the present work, ML algorithms were used to accurately model “fluid density = f(T, P)” based on the experimental PVT data of a given fluid at a range of (T, P) conditions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to demonstrate improvement in precision of APB estimation (for different subsea well scenarios using different fluids) using the ML-based models.

This study demonstrates that, in several subsea scenarios, a relatively small error in the experimental fluid PVT data can lead to significant variation in APB estimation. The ML-based models for “density = f(T, P)” for the fluids ensure that the cumulative error during the modeling process is minimized. The use of certain ML-based density models was shown to improve the precision of APB estimation by several hundred psi. This advantage of the ML-based density models could be used to improve the safety factors for APB mitigation, and accordingly, the work may be used to better handle the APB issue in the subsea high-pressure/high-temperature wells.
Palaeogeography and Palaeoenvironments – A Multifield Examination of the Devonian-Permian Evolution of the Dneipr-Donets Basin
Authors: Banks Christopher James , Bodnaruk Bohdan , Kalmutskyi Vladislav , Seilov Yerlan , Zhiyenkulov Murat , Oni Olugbena
Published: November 2021

Context is everything. Not all thick sands pay out and not all thin sands are poorly productive. It is important to understand a basin's palaeogeographical drivers, the resultant palaeoenvironments and their constituent sedimentary architecture. Development of a depositional model can be predictive with respect to the magnitude of accessible pore space for potential development.

We present a multi-field study of the Dneipr-Donets basin. Over 600 wells were studied with >4500 lithostratigraphical picks being made. Over 7500 sedimentological picks were made allowing mapping of facies bodies and charting shifts in facies types. A facies classification scheme was developed and applied. The Devonian-Permian sedimentary section records the creation, fill, and terminal closure of the Dneipr-Donets Basin:

Syn-rift brittle extension (late Frasnian-Famennian): intracratonic rifting between the Ukrainian Shield and Voronezh Massif formed a NW-SE orientated trough, with associated basaltic extrusion. Basin architecture consists of rotated fault blocks forming graben mini-basins. Sedimentation is dominantly upper shoreface but sand packages are poorly correlatable due to the faulted palaeotopography. Early Post-rift thermal subsidence (Visean-Lower Bashkirian): the faulted palaeotopography was filled and thermal subsidence drove basin deepening. Cyclical successions of offshore, lower shoreface and upper shoreface dominate. Sands are typically thin (<10m) but can be widely correlated and have high pore space connectivity. Mid Post-rift: the Bashkirian (C22/C23 boundary), paralic systems prograde over the shoreface. Changes in vertical facies are abrupt due to a low gradient to basin floor. Deltaic and fluvial facies can produce thick amalgamated sands (>30m), but access limited pore space because they are laterally restricted bodies. Terminal post-rift (Mykytivskan): above the lower Permian, the convergence of the Kazahkstanian and Siberian continents began to restrict the Dnieper-Donets basin's access to open ocean. The basin approached full conditions and deposition was dominated by evaporite precipitation, with periodic oceanic recharge. Ultimately, this sediment records the formation of Pangea.

The successions examined were used to construct a basinal relative sea level curve, which can be applied elsewhere in the basin. This can be used to help provide palaeogeographical context to a field, which in turn controls the sedimentary architecture.
The Importance of Seismic Attributes in Complex Area, Case Study from Vodianivske Field, Dnieper-Donets Basin, Ukraine
Authors: Khabanets Ivan , Medvedev Benjamin , D'Aguanno Carlo , Scapin Diego , Mantova Marco
Published: November 2021

The Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB) is the principal producer of hydrocarbons in Ukraine and reserves are found in lower Permian and in Visean-Serpukhovian from Lower Carboniferous.

The Vodianivske field is located halfway between Poltava and Kharkiv in east Ukraine with proven reserves at depth of 5-6km. Previous studies based on legacy seismic data show thickness changes of the upper Visean towards the main structure and dim small-scale structures on the block boundary.

A recent 3D data reprocessing using 5D interpolation and advanced prestack time migration provides a broad frequency content image and imparts detailed high-resolution geological events. While traditional exploration is focused on gas traps in the Visean and below, current study aims to scan for potential traps in the Serpukhovian and above.

In order to reveal thin section features, multiple seismic attributes were tested, and spectral decomposition was found to be a powerful tool that delineated thin sand bodies in river valleys and allowed interpretation of high-resolution small-scale faults and pinch-outs not seen before.

Frequency tuning analysis on mapped horizons associated with upper Serpukhovian supported the presence of a large deltaic structure revealing SE-NW thin ∼1km wide sand body and developed set of crossing meanders. Similar approach was applied on legacy data expanding to the east and while seismic quality was limited, it was possible to identify a narrow ∼25km length meander and highlight a fault set.

Upon seismic attribute study we were able to identify and map thin units associated with sands that can be considered as future targets in hydrocarbon exploration in the area.
Understanding of Vertical and Horizontal Pressure Barriers in the Naturally Fractured Carbonate Field
Authors: Ibragimov Abdulmalik , Kalmuratov Nurbolat
Published: November 2021

The Karachaganak field is a massive reef carbonate structure. The main reservoir is of the late Devonian-Carboniferous age, where sequence stratigraphic cycles of progradation and aggradation defining the growth stages of the carbonate build-up have been revealed. Vertical and horizontal semiconductive barriers was identified in the reservoir during the field development. It was assumed that these barriers are located at the boundaries of the changing depositional cycles, which took place during the reef structure growth. According to the simulation results on a sector model of the reservoir it was determined that the pressure barriers can be developed due to different fracture intensities observed in the reservoir and not because of rock property as such. The reason for the different fracture densities may be associated with compaction during primary diagenesis and may have a sync-depositional nature, which can be seen on carbonate structure outcrops.
Experimental Investigation of Acoustic Atomization in Liquid Loading Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Al Munif Eiman , Miskimins Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Enhancing the production in liquid-loaded horizontal natural gas wells using an acoustic liquid atomizer tool is proposed as a possible artificial lift method. The more liquid that is converted to droplets, the more available gas is able to carry the liquid to the surface, resulting in an increase in production. The acoustic atomizer was selected to be the atomization device as it can create very small droplets at certain frequencies leading to a mist flow.

The contribution of this research includes obtaining experimental data using different laboratory procedures for horizontal and slightly inclined tubulars. Two-phase (gas and water) injection stream lines are joined to the test section to introduce gas and water at desired rates. An ultrasonic atomizer inside the test section is used to better understand the atomization mechanism as an artificial lift technique. Several experiments with varying factors influencing the acoustic properties are tested including varying liquid and gas rates, four different frequencies, two different flow pipe inclination angles, and two different acoustic device orientations.

The results show that when using frequencies of 62 and 62.5 kHz, the outcomes were almost identical for horizontal and slightly inclined pipe. Both frequencies reduced liquid film accumulation by 1% at lower (0.001 m/s) and higher (0.0168 m/s) liquid velocities while gas velocity was kept at 14 m/s. The performance of the acoustic tool was highly dependent on the orientation of the tool inside the flow loop due to its atomizer geometry, shape and size. Sprayers facing up (0°, original case) helped the droplets to be carried by the gas since the gas occupies the top portion of the pipe and did not block the atomizer. The sprayers failed to work while facing the bottom of the pipe (180°) due to water accumulating around the sprayers, plugging the atomizer and hindering it from working. Using an orientation of 90° (sprayers facing sideways) provided better results and positive impact in reducing the liquid film level. The efficiency of the tool decreases in slightly inclined wells. As more liquid quantity accumulated in the well, the atomization technique seems to be slow in reducing the liquid film height.

This research presents a set of diverse experimental data to suggest acoustic atomization might be used as a possible artificial lift technique in horizontal wells. The technique shows a 1-4% improvement which might be experimental error or in experimental control. Thus, the device used in the lab needs improvement to work as efficiently as other artificial lift techniques to possibly enhance production.
Risk Assessment and Field Case Study on Oil/Natural Gas Explosion during High-Pressure Air Injection Process
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Wang Yu , Zhang Liang , Pei Shufeng , Zhang Zhe , Su Yuliang , Ren Shaoran
Published: November 2021

Air injection techniques have been widely applied in oil fields, but the associated safety issue of natural gas (NG) and oil explosion has been of great concern. In this study, explosion experiments of different NG compositions were conducted under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions (up to 15 MPa and 373 K) to reveal the necessary conditions for gas explosion in the air injection process. The experimental results indicate that the lower flammability limits (LFLs) and upper flammability limits (UFLs) of NGs change logarithmically with increasing pressure, which can significantly increase the explosion risk. The rise of temperature can also expand the flammability limit range. Based on the mechanisms and necessary conditions for NG and oil component explosion, fault tree analysis (FTA) models for explosion occurring during the air injection process were proposed that can provide valuable guidelines for designing anti-explosion procedures for field applications. Several explosion incidents that have occurred in air injection operations in different oil reservoirs are described, and the explosion mechanisms are analyzed. NG explosion can occur during air injection when NG is the main component present in the gas phase that can mix with air to form a combustible gas. For heavy oils with little NG, autoignited explosion of vaporized oil components can be the main reason for the incidents during the steam and air coinjection process because the autoignition temperature of heavy oil can be greatly reduced at high pressure.
Is Titanium Drillpipe Applicable to Offshore Drilling? A Question from a Corrosion Fatigue Perspective
Authors: Yu Hao , Mou Yisheng , Lian Zhanghua , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2021

In offshore horizontal well drilling, one of the major challenges is the large dogleg severity in the buildup section due to the shallow depth of reservoirs. In such a case, the drillstring has to bend itself to fit the borehole trajectory and suffers greatly from the high alternating stress while rotary drilling. This could lead to fatigue fracture of the drillpipe within a short period. The corrosion from drilling mud may exacerbate the failure risk. Titanium alloy, as a new drillpipe material, has the characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus, which can theoretically extend the fatigue life. To study the performance of titanium alloy drillpipe quantitatively, titanium alloy material, and G105 steel of the same grade are compared to obtain the microscopic characteristics and macroscopic properties through experimental tests. Moreover, the mechanism of passive film formation of the two materials is analyzed in the corrosion fatigue (CF) environment. Then, the experimental results are extended to modeling the actual drillstring assembly and simulating its service life in the field practice of offshore drilling. Our numerical results indicated that the titanium alloy drillpipe has much better corrosion resistance but only half the stress level of G105 steel under the same dogleg severity and axial force, which makes its fatigue life over 23 times longer. Eventually an economic appraisal is given by considering the full-service life of the drillpipe. The research results of this paper can provide a detailed theoretical basis and reference for field application and can popularize the use of titanium alloy drillpipe.
Role Models as a Factor Influencing Career Choice Among Female Surgical Residents inSaudi Arabia
Authors: Harun Rawan , Almustafa Reem , AlKhalifah Zainab , Namazi Abdullah , Albaqami Abdalmohsen , Alsaleh Nora , Kadi Mai , Farsi Ali , Malibary Nadim
Published: November 2021

Background and purposeRole models in the medical field are professional and experienced persons whose actions unconsciously inspire juniors to strive to be like them. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether having a female surgical role model has influenced women to pursue a surgical career in Saudi Arabia. Hence, we sought to evaluate the effect of having a female surgical role model and the presence of female surgeons on female surgical residents and their choice of surgery as a career.MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional, survey- based study design, conducted between June 2020 and January 2021, in which female surgical residents completed a questionnaire on their perceptions and influence of role models in general surgery specialty at the time they pursuit a career in surgery.ResultsA total of 51 respondents (78.5%) completed the questionnaire. The majority of them (78.4%) had a role model and (19.6%) indicated that their role model was a female. Of those who had a role model, (67.5%) agreed that they had a positive influence on their surgical career choice. Clinical and operation skills were reported as the most important factor to be considered about role models. Working directly with a male surgical consultant and female surgical residents left a positive influence but this did not reach a statistical significance.ConclusionPersonal exposure to role models can have a positive influence on female surgical residents in choosing a surgical career. provide a appropriate role models as well as formal mentorship programs are warranted, that would allow female trainees to interact with senior surgeon mentors, thereby drawing attention to the field of surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Linking Future Hydroclimatological Changes With Past Climatic Conditions In Southeastern Iran: Insights From Models And Observations
Authors: Vaezi Alireza , Routh Joyanto , Rana Arun , Nasseri Mohsen
Published: November 2021

We compare the predicted results of future hydrological changes based on a thirty-year (1989-2019) weather dataset with paleoclimatic changes inferred based on established proxies from the Jazmurian playa in southeastern Iran. Parallels between expected changes in the future were compared to past climatic conditions to trace the impact this region has undergone in the distant past. The study area is affected by the Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon (IOSM) and the Mid-Latitude Westerlies (MLW). The maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were predicted for the future (2061- 2080) by statistical downscaling outputs of 5 GCM models (EC-EARTH, GFDL-CM3, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5, MPI-ESM-MR) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results show that the 20-years average of the mean temperatures ((Tmax + Tmin)/2) will increase in the range of 3.2 to 4.6 °C under RCP 8.5 compared to the base period. The trends suggest that the region will experience drier conditions than the baseline period in the future under both scenarios. In addition, the GCM predicts a considerable decline in MLW precipitation and little change in future IOSM precipitation under both scenarios compared to the baseline. The decrease in MLW precipitation is consistent with other GCM predictions and real paleoclimatic changes that happened during past warm/wet periods in the region. However, considering the close relationship between the increase in the Earth’s radiation budget and enhanced IOSM precipitation in southeast Iran since the late Pleistocene, we postulate that more intensive IOSM activity can be expected in the future.
Potential interaction between sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome and effect on the 6-month clinical outcomes: A preliminary secondary analysis of a prospective observational study
Authors: Okazaki Tomoya , Kawakami Daisuke , Fujitani Shigeki , Shinohara Natsuyo , Kawakita Kenya , Kuroda Yasuhiro
Published: November 2021

Background

The effect of the interaction between sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the clinical outcomes is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the potential interaction between the two conditions on mortality and the occurrence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS).

Methods

This secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study included patients who were expected to receive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h. Patients were stratified based on the incidence of sepsis and further subdivided according to the presence of ARDS. The primary endpoints for patients whose follow-up information was available included mortality (n=162) and the occurrence of PICS (n=96) at six months. The diagnosis of PICS was based on any of the following criteria: (1) decrease ≥ 10 points in the physical component score of the 36-item Short Form (SF36) questionnaire; (2) decrease ≥ 10 points in the mental component score of the SF-36; or (3) decline in the Short Memory Questionnaire (SMQ) score and SMQ score < 40 at six months after ICU admission. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the effect of the potential interaction between ARDS and sepsis on the 6-month clinical outcomes.

Result

The mortality in the ARDS sub-group was higher than that in the non-ARDS subgroup [47% (7/15) versus 21% (18/85)] in the non-sepsis group. However, the mortality in the ARDS and non-ARDS subgroups was similar in the sepsis group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that ARDS was significantly associated with mortality in the non-sepsis group (adjusted OR: 5.25; 95% CI: 1.45–19.09; p = 0.012), but not in the sepsis group (P-value for the interaction=0.087). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed ARDS was not associated with PICS occurrence in the non-sepsis and sepsis groups (P-value for the interaction=0.039).

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that the effect of ARDS on the 6-month outcomes depended on the presence or absence of sepsis. The findings of this hypothesis-generating study should be validated by future studies.
Volatile and Dissolved Organic Carbon Sources Have Distinct Effects on Microbial Activity, Nitrogen Content, and Bacterial Communities in Soil.
Authors: McBride Steven Glynn , Osburn Ernest D , Lucas Jane L , Simpson Julia S , Brown Taylor , Barrett John E , Strickland Michael S
Published: November 2021

Variation in microbial use of soil carbon compounds is a major driver of biogeochemical processes and microbial community composition. Available carbon substrates in soil include both low molecular weight dissolved organic carbon (LMW-DOC), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To compare the effects of LMW-DOC and VOCs on soil chemistry and microbial communities under different moisture regimes, we performed a microcosm experiment with five levels of soil water content (ranging from 25-70% water-holding capacity) and five levels of carbon amendment: a no carbon control, two dissolved compounds (glucose and oxalate), and two volatile compounds (methanol and α-pinene). Microbial activity was measured throughout as soil respiration; at the end of the experiment, we measured extractable soil organic carbon and total extractable nitrogen and characterized prokaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing. All C amendments increased microbial activity, and all except oxalate decreased total extractable nitrogen. Likewise, individual phyla responded to specific C amendments – e.g., Proteobacteria increased under addition of glucose, and both VOCs. Further, we observed an interaction between moisture and C amendment, where both VOC treatments had higher microbial activity than LMW-DOC treatments and controls at low moisture. Across moisture and C treatments, we identified that Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were strong predictors of microbial activity, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Thaumarcheota strongly predicted soil extractable nitrogen. These results indicate that the type of labile C source available to soil prokaryotes can influence both microbial diversity and ecosystem function and that VOCs may drive microbial functions and composition under low moisture conditions.
On the stability of spinning asteroids
Authors: Persson Bo
Published: November 2021

Most asteroids with a diameter larger than ∼ 300 m are rubble piles i.e. consisting of more than one solid object. All asteroids are rotating but almost all asteroids larger than ∼ 300 m rotate with a period longer than 2.3 hours, which is the critical period where the centrifugal force equals the gravitational force. This indicates that there are nearly no adhesive interaction forces between the asteroid fragments. We show that this is due to the surface roughness of the asteroid particles which reduces the van der Waals interaction between the particles by a factor of 100 for micrometer sized particles and even more for larger particles. We show that surface roughness results in an interaction force which is independent of the size of the particles, in contrast to the linear size dependency expected for particles with smooth surfaces. Thus, two stone fragments of size 100 nm attract each other with the same non-gravitational force as two fragments of size 10 m.
Microsurgical clipping of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: complications and risk factors for complications
Authors: METAYER Thomas , Leclerc Arthur , Borha Alin , Derrey Stephane , Langlois Olivier , Barbier Charlotte , Aldea Sorin , guerinel Caroline le , Piotin Michel , Vivien Denis , Briant Anaïs R. , Emery Evelyne , Gaberel Thomas
Published: November 2021

Objective

Middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAas) with rupture and unruptured IAs are considered good candidates for microsurgery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk of complications and the risk factors for microsurgical treatment of MCAas to better define the indications for microsurgery.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on data provided from three French tertiary neurosurgical units from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2020. We first collected data on all the patients who required microsurgical treatment for MCAas. We evaluated the frequency of complications and finally searched for the risk factors for complications after microsurgery. Complications were defined as a composite criterion with the presence of one of the following: procedural-related death, symptomatic cerebral ischemia, impossible exclusion, incomplete exclusion, or (re)bleeding of the treated aneurysm and symptomatic surgical site hematoma. We then compared patients with and without complications using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results

Between January 2013 and May 2020, 292 MCAas in 284 patients were treated. A total of 29 (9.9%) MCAas had a complication. The complications were as follows: symptomatic cerebral ischemia: 4.8%, aneurysm rebleeding: 0.3%, surgical site hematoma: 1.0%, impossible exclusion: 0.3%, and incomplete exclusion: 4.1%. However, severe complications, defined as death or a modified Rankin score (mRs) score ≥4 at 3 months, were infrequent and occurred in 7/292 patients (2.4%). In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for complications were the following: a ruptured aneurysm, a larger maximum IA size, a larger neck size, and arterial branches passing less than <1 mm from the IA neck or dome.
Conclusions

MCAa surgery is a safe procedure with a low rate of serious procedure-related complications and an excellent rate of occlusion. The risk factors for complications are a ruptured aneurysm, a larger IA, a larger neck size, and the presence of an “en passage” arterial branch less than 1 mm from the IA. In these cases, at least for factors that do not present a significant difficulty for EVT, such as the presence of an “en passage” artery or ruptured IA, EVT has to be more thoroughly discussed.
Efficacy And Safety of Ramucirumab and Docetaxel In Previously Treated Patients With Squamous Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kawachi Hayato , Tamiya Motohiro , Matsumoto Kinnosuke , Tamiya Akihiro , Yanase Takafumi , Tanizaki Satoshi , Kumagai Toru
Published: November 2021

Objective: Ramucirumab plus docetaxel therapy (RAM/DOC) is currently the standard for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), irrespective of histology. However, the safety data of anti-angiogenic agents for squamous cell NSCLC (Sq) is lacking, with a higher reported rate of severe hemoptysis in a clinical trial setting. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study to confirm the efficacy and safety of RAM/DOC for Sq in real-world settings.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent RAM/DOC at four institutions. Clinical data on the initiation of RAM/DOC were collected from medical records. Treatment outcomes of RAM/DOC were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.Results: Overall, 237 patients with NSCLC were included and 38 (16%) had squamous cell carcinoma. There were no significant differences in median progression-free survival and overall survival between Sq and non-Sq patients (5.8 months vs. 4.3 months, P=0.0937; 15.2 months vs. 13.4 months, P=0.714, respectively). Of all patients, 13 (5%) developed pulmonary hemorrhage. According to histology, there was no significant difference in pulmonary hemorrhage proportion between Sq and non-Sq cohorts (2/38 vs. 11/199, respectively, P=0.947).Conclusion: For previously treated patients with Sq, efficacy and safety data of RAM/DOC were confirmed in a real-world setting and were similar to non-Sq. Ramucirumab is the only vascular endothelial growth factor-blocker available for Sq.
Predictors of Non-invasive Ventilation Response Do Not Indicate Response to High Flow Nasal Oxygen: A Bicentric Observational Study.
Authors: Hermann Alexander , Lauschke-Leberfinger Lena-Franziska , Auer Johann , Steiner Irene , Ristl Robin , Schellongowski Peter , Bojic Andja , Robak Oliver , Traby Ludwig , Staudinger Thomas
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIn patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), predicting chance of response is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary delay of intubation. Whether commonly used predictors of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) response may be as applicable for HFNO, is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective bi-centric analysis of adults treated with HFNO in two Austrian medical intensive care units from 01/2014 until 09/2017. Predictive value of respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, ROX index, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III was analysed by means of logistic regression with HFNO responding as dependent variable. Calculations were also done separately in patients receiving HFNO as post-extubation support (Group A) and all other indications (Group B). ResultsWe registered 127 patients (m:f = 70:57, median age: 67 [IQR 53-77] years). Forty-eight patients (37.8%) received HFNO as post-extubation support and were assigned to group A. Seventy-nine patients (62.2%) received HFNO due to any other indication and were assigned to group B. Criteria of HFNO response were fulfilled by 42 patients (87.5%) of group A and 53 (67.1%) of group B patients.Whereas respiratory rate, PaO2, PaCO2, SpO2, pH, heart rate, base excess, SOFA-Score and SAPS III did not differ between responders and non-responders, ROX index showed significant association with HFNO success in all patients. With increasing ROX index, the odds for response increased (OR [95% CI]: baseline: 1.21 [1.05, 1.38], p = 0.0069, after 2 hours: 1.19 [1.05; 1.34], p = 0.0061, after 6 hours: 1.23 [1.06; 1.42], p = 0.0049). Subgroup analyses revealed similar odds ratios for ROX index (baseline: group A: 1.17 [0.90; 1.52], p = 0.24; group B: 1.22 [1.04; 1.43], p = 0.015; after 2 hours: 1.30 [0.94; 1.82], p = 0.12, group B: 1.18 [1.03; 1.34], p = 0.014; after 6 hours: 1.76 [1.01; 3.06], p = 0.047, group B: 1.19 [1.03; 1.37], p = 0.022). ConclusionsCriteria of HFNO success deviate from criteria for response to NIV. ROX index indicated HFNO response in a wide range of indications.
HIV-1 persistence in lymph node T follicular helper cells (TFH) is mitigated by functional virus-specific T cell responses during hyperacute-treated HIV-1 infection
Authors: Baiyegunhi Omolara , Mann Jaclyn , Khaba Trevor , Nkosi Thandeka , Mbatha Anele , Ogunshola Funsho , Chasara Caroline , Ismail Nasreen , Ngubane Thandekile , Jajbhay Ismail , Pansegrouw Johan , Dong Krista , Walker Bruce , Ndung’u Thumbi , Ndhlovu Zaza
Published: November 2021

HIV persistence in tissue sites despite ART is a major barrier to HIV cure. Detailed studies of HIV infected cells and immune responses in native lymph node (LN) tissue environment is critical for gaining insight into immune mechanisms impacting HIV persistence and clearance in tissue sanctuary sites. We compared HIV persistence and HIV-specific T cell responses in LN biopsies obtained from 14 individuals who initiated therapy in Fiebig stages I/II, 5 persons treated (Tx) in Fiebig stages III-V and 17 late Tx individuals who initiated ART in Fiebig VI and beyond. Using multicolor immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization, HIV RNA and/or protein was detected in 12 of 14 Fiebig I/II Tx persons who were on suppressive therapy for 1 to 55 months, while all late Tx persons had persistent antigens. CXCR3+T follicular helper T cells harbored the greatest amounts of gag mRNA transcripts. Notably, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells responses associated with lower HIV antigen burden in LNs, suggesting that these responses may contribute to HIV suppression in LNs during therapy. These results reveal HIV persistence despite the initiation of ART in hyperacute infection and highlight the contribution of virus-specific responses to HIV suppression in tissue sanctuaries during suppressive ART.
5-year Recurrence Prediction After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Using Deep Learning and Cox Regression Models: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Shi Hon-Yi , Lee King-The , Chiu Chong-Chi , Wang Jhi-Joung , Sun Ding-Ping , Lee Hao-Hsien
Published: November 2021

BackgroundRisk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after surgical resection is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was 5-year recurrence prediction after HCC resection using deep learning and Cox regression models.MethodsThis study recruited 520 HCC patients who had undergone surgical resection at three medical centers in southern Taiwan between April, 2011, and December, 2015. Two popular deep learning algorithms: a deep neural network (DNN) model and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model and a Cox proportional hazard (CPH) regression model were designed to solve both classification problems and regression problems in predicting HCC recurrence. A feature importance analysis was also performed to identify confounding factors in the prediction of HCC recurrence in patients who had undergone resection.ResultsAll performance indices for the DNN model were significantly higher than those for the RNN model and the traditional CPH model (p<0.001). The most important confounding factor in 5-year recurrence after HCC resection was surgeon volume followed by, in order of importance, hospital volume, preoperative Beck Depression Scale score, preoperative Beck Anxiety Scale score, co-residence with family, tumor stage, and tumor size. ConclusionsThe DNN model is useful for early baseline prediction of 5-year recurrence after HCC resection. Its prediction accuracy can be improved by further training with temporal data collected from treated patients. The feature importance analysis performed in this study to investigate model interpretability provided important insights into the potential use of deep learning models for predicting recurrence after HCC resection and for identifying predictors of recurrence.
Kidney Biopsy Adequacy and Complications in Children – Does Technique Matter?
Authors: Pettit Chen , Kanagaratnam Roshana , Coughlan Finbarr , Graf Nicole , Hahn Deirdre , Durkan Anne M.
Published: November 2021

Background
Kidney biopsy is part of the diagnostic workup of many children with renal disease. Traditionally a perpendicular approach to the biopsy has been used but more recently some proceduralists have favoured a tangential approach. It is not clear if one technique is superior with regards to tissue adequacy or complication rates. In our centre interventional radiologists (IR) use general anaesthetic and a tangential approach whereas paediatric nephrologists (PN) use sedation and a perpendicular approach.
Methods
We examined consecutive kidney biopsies performed between January 2008 and December 2017 for adequacy (sufficient tissue for light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence) and examined the electronic medical records for data regarding technique and complications.
Results
IR performed 72 (29.4%) of the 245 native kidney biopsies, obtaining more total glomeruli (median 39 vs 16, p<0.001) and more glomeruli per tissue core (median 13.2 vs 8.0, p<0.001) than PN. No differences in specimen adequacy were observed between the two groups (79.2% IR vs 80.9% PN, p=0.75) and a diagnosis could be made in 98.6% and 93.6% respectively (p=0.1). A statistically lower rate of peri-nephric haematoma (27.8% vs 41.6%, p=0.04) was detected in the IR group, but there were no significant differences in other complications. One patient required a blood transfusion (PN) and another required surgical intervention for a perinephric haematoma (IR).
Conclusion
IR obtained larger samples and number of glomeruli, but the overall adequacy for native kidney biopsies was good using both perpendicular and tangential techniques, with similar low rates of significant complications.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy with oXiris Filter May Not Be an Effective Resolution to Alleviate Cytokine Release Syndrome in non-AKI Patients with Severe and Critical COVID-19
Authors: kang kai , luo yunpeng , gao yang , zhang jiannan , wang changsong , fei dongsheng , yang wei , meng xianglin , ye ming , gao yan , liu haitao , du xue , ji yuanyuan , wei jieling , xie wanqiu , wang jun , Zhao Mingyan , Yu Kaijiang
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to determine whether continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with oXiris filter may alleviate cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in non-AKI patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsNon-AKI patients with severe and critical COVID-19 treated between February 14 and March 26, 2020 were included and randomly divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table. Patients in the intervention group received CRRT with oXiris filter plus conventional treatment, while those in the control group only received conventional treatment. Demographic data were collected and collated at admission. During ICU hospitalization, the serum levels of cytokine and inflammatory chemokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, were measured daily to reflect the degree of CRS induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil proportion (NEUT%), lymphocyte count (LYMPH), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), platelet (PLT), C-reaction protein (CRP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB), serum creatinine (SCr), D-Dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, number of hospital days and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were obtained and collated from medical records during hospitalization, and then compared between the two groups.ResultsAge, and SCr significantly differed between the two groups. Besides the IL-2 level that was significantly lower on day 2 than that on day 1 in the intervention group, and the IL-6 levels that were significantly higher on day 1, and day 2 in the intervention group compared to the control group, similar to the IL-10 level on day 5, there were no significant differences between the groups.ConclusionCRRT with oXiris filter may not effectively alleviate CRS in non-AKI patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Thus, its application in these patients should be considered with caution to avoid increasing the unnecessary burden on society and individuals and making the already overwhelmed medical system even more strained (IRB number: IRB-AF/SC-04).
Linking individual differences in human V1 to perception around the visual field
Authors: Himmelberg Marc , Winawer Jonathan , Carrasco Marisa
Published: November 2021

A central question in neuroscience is how the organization of cortical maps relates to perception, for which human primary visual cortex (V1) is an ideal model system. V1 nonuniformly samples the retinal image, with greater cortical magnification (surface area per degree of visual field) at the fovea than periphery, and at the horizontal than vertical meridian. Moreover, the size and organization of V1 differs greatly across individuals. Here, we used fMRI and psychophysics in the same individuals to quantify individual differences in V1 cortical magnification and perceptual contrast sensitivity at the four polar angle meridians. Across individuals, the overall size of V1 and localized cortical magnification both positively correlated with contrast sensitivity. Moreover, increases in cortical magnification and contrast sensitivity at the horizontal compared to the vertical meridian were strongly correlated. These data reveal a tight link between cortical anatomy and visual perception at the level of individual observer and stimulus location.
Long-Term Outcome of Microwave Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules: A 48-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Du Jia-Rui , Li Wen-Hui , Quan Cheng-Hai , Teng Deng-Ke , Wang Hui
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The short-term effects of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) were satisfactory in previous studies. However, as a slowly progressing disease, the long-term efficacy of MWA for BTNs at present is not clear. Our study aim was to assess the long-term results of MWA for BTNs after a 48-month follow-up.
Methods

From June 2015 to September 2017, 148 patients had 148 BTNs lesions. All patients were from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. Careful ultrasound examinations were performed 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and every 6 months after MWA. The volume, volume reduction rate (VRR) recurrence rate of the ablated area and thyroid function were recorded.
Results

The mean volume of the 148 nodules were 15.6±9.4 cm3 (range: 1.3-48.9 cm3) and 0.6±0.6 cm3 (range: 0-3.5 cm3) before and 48 months after MWA, respectively, for a nodule VRR of 96.9±2.5% (range: 90.4-100%). Two patients (1.35%) had recurrence after MWA. Compared with that before MWA, no significant variation in thyroid function was observed after MWA. Five patients experienced complications (3.38%): two patients (1.35%) had bleeding, two patients (1.35%) had ear pain and toothache during MWA, and one patient (0.68%) had hoarseness after MWA. No cases of oesophageal injury, tracheal injury, infection, skin burn, etc., were reported during or after MWA.
Conclusions

Over long-term follow-up, MWA is an effective method for treating BTNs and is expected to be a potential first-line treatment.
Research on the Novel Hardware Configuration Methods of the Contact R-test Based on the Constraint Models
Authors: Zhou Yongbing , Ding Guofu , Zhang Yuexinkai , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2021

R-test is widely used to measure the rotary axis error of five-axis machine tools due to its high accuracy and convenient. There are some deficiencies in the research on measurement performance optimization such as the customized design under certain requirements. The novel hardware configuration methods of the contact R-test are proposed in this paper to realize customization. Firstly, the theoretical measurement model and the calibration model are established to be used as the measurement accuracy evaluation model. Secondly, the influence of hardware parameters on the measurement performance indexes of the measurement system is analyzed and the corresponding constraint models for measurement performance are established. Thirdly, the optimal configuration methods of hardware parameters based on constraint models are proposed using exhaustive search method and variable parameter method respectively . Finally, a prototype that is configured with the hardware parameters based on the above configuration methods, is developed to calibrate on the Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM) and complete the measurement performance evaluation. The evaluation results show that the hardware configuration methods meet the certain measurement requirements without range and precision waste. The proposed methods provide guidance and reference for the customized design of contact R-test.