bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New criteria of resectability for pancreatic cancer: A position paper by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery (JSHBPS)
Authors: Oba Atsushi , Del Chiaro Marco , Satoi Sohei , Kim Sun‐Whe , Takahashi Hidenori , Yu Jun , Hioki Masayoshi , Tanaka Masayuki , Kato Yoshiyasu , Ariake Kyohei , Wu Y.H. Andrew , Inoue Yosuke , Takahashi Yu , Hackert Thilo , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Besselink Marc G. , Schulick Richard D. , Nagakawa Yuichi , Isaji Shuji , Tsuchida Akihiko , Endo Itaru
Published: September 2021

The symposium “New criteria of resectability for pancreatic cancer” was held during the 33nd meeting of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery (JSHBPS) in 2021 to discuss the potential modifications that could be made in the current resectability classification. The meeting focused on setting the foundation for developing a new prognosis‐based resectability classification that is based on the tumor biology and the response to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). The symposium included selected experts from Western and Eastern high‐volume centers who have discussed their concept of resectability status through published literature. During the symposium, presenters reported new resectability classifications from their respective institutions based on tumor biology, conditional status, pathology, and genetics, in addition to anatomical tumor involvement. Interestingly, experts from all the centers reached the agreement that anatomy alone is insufficient to define resectability in the current era of effective NAT. On behalf of the JSHBPS, we would like to summarize the content of the conference in this position paper. We also invite global experts as internal reviewers of this paper for intercontinental cooperation in creating an up‐to‐date, prognosis‐based resectability classification that reflects the trends of contemporary clinical practice.
Telemedicine trends at a comprehensive cancer center during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Moentmann Michael R. , Johnson Jared , Chung Michael T. , Yoo Olivia E. , Lin Ho‐sheng , Yoo George H.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

This article reports on the effects of an early outbreak during the COVID‐19 pandemic on visit volume and telehealth use by various specialists at a comprehensive cancer center.

Materials and Methods

The number of on‐site and telehealth visits (THV) for medical and surgical specialties were obtained from scheduling software.

Results

Total visits were most drastically limited in April 2020 to a low point of 3139; THV made up 28% of all visits. For head and neck surgery, THV made up 54% and 30% of visits in April and May, respectively. Other specialties, such as psychiatry and palliative care, had higher levels of THV. For most specialties, the rebound in June through September did not make up for visits lost during the outbreak, and fiscal year  (FY) 2020 had a 9% loss from FY 2019 with 5786 fewer total annual visits across all specialties.

Conclusions

While telemedicine was a helpful part of this cancer center's response to the initial COVID‐19 surge, it was not able to replace the in‐person services offered at the same center. The main strategy of physicians at this cancer center was to defer care, with telemedicine being an auxiliary response.
Impact of preoperative COVID infection on the outcomes of planned curative‐intent cancer surgeries in the second wave of the pandemic from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Pandrowala Saneya , Ramraj Deepak , Shankar Ravi , Chopra Saumya , Das Abhishek , Mishra Aseem , Pandey Durgatosh
Published: September 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic was an unforeseen calamity. Sudden disruption of nonemergency services led to disruption of treatment across all specialties. Oncology revolves around the tenet of timely detection and treatment. Disruption of any sort will jeopardize cure rates. The time interval between coronavirus infection and cancer surgery is variable and needs to be tailored to avoid the progression of the disease.

Methods

We analyzed the impact of preoperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection on the planned cancer surgery, delay, disease progression, and change of intent of treatment from April 1 to May 31, 2021 at a tertiary care center. All preoperative positive patients were retested after 2 weeks and were considered for surgery if the repeat test was negative and asymptomatic.

Findings

Our study included 432 preoperative patients of which 91 (21%) were COVID‐19 positive. Amongst this cohort, 76% were operated and the morbidity and mortality were comparable to the COVID‐19 negative cohort. Around 10% of the COVID‐19 positive were lost to follow up and 10% had disease progression and were deemed palliative

Interpretation

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has adversely impacted cancer care and a 2‐week waiting period postinfection seems to be a safe interval in asymptomatic individuals to consider radical cancer surgery.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000730 restrains cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in cervical cancer through miR‐942‐5p/PTEN axis
Authors: Yuan Dan‐Dan , Jia Cun‐De , Yan Ming‐Yu , Wang Jian
Published: September 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play prominent roles in regulating the progression of cancers. This study is aimed to decipher the role of hsa_circ_0000730 in cervical cancer (CC).The differentially expressed circRNAs of CC were screened out from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. qRT‐PCR was used to detect circ_0000730 expression in CC tissues and cell lines, and the Kaplan–Meier curve was adopted to figure out the relationship between circ_000730 expression and the overall survival time of CC patients. BrdU assay and Tanswell assay were utilized to examine the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells. Western blot was adopted to detect PTEN protein expression. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were used to examine the target relationship between miR‐942‐5p and circ_0000730 or PTEN, respectively.Circ_0000730 was among the differentially expressed circRNAs in CC. Circ_0000730 was significantly down‐regulated in the cancer tissues of 50 CC patients and CC cell lines. Additionally, underexpression of circ_0000730 was associated with the shorter survival time of CC patients. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays highlighted that circ_0000730 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells. Mechanistically, miR‐942‐5p was identified as a downstream target of circ_0000730, and circ_0000730 could positively regulate PTEN expression via repressing miR‐942‐5p in CC cells.Circ_0000730 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells via regulating miR‐942‐5p/PTEN axis. Circ_0000730 probably acts as a tumor suppressor in CC, and it may be a candidate target for the treatment of CC.
Soil properties and microbiome of annual and perennial cultivated grasslands on theQinghai–TibetanPlateau
Authors: Cao Jianjun , Wang Hairu , Holden Nicholas M. , Adamowski Jan F. , Biswas Asim , Zhang Xiaofang , Feng Qi
Published: September 2021

Efforts to enhance food, fibre, and forage yields and achieve global food security have included the conversion of natural grasslands to cultivated grasslands. The quantitative effects of a global shift in grassland management on soil properties and microbial communities critical to ecosystem function have remained largely unexplored, particularly on China's Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Accordingly, the distinct and contrasting effects of annualAvenagrasslands (AAG) versus perennialElymus nutansGriseb. cultivated grasslands (PEG) on the region's soil properties and microbiome were investigated in an effort to examine their contribution to maintaining soil carbon and nutrients. Across three sites per grassland type, soil moisture content (45.55%), soil organic carbon (48.97 g kg−1), soil total nitrogen (5.13 g kg−1), and soil ammonium nitrogen (298.32 mg kg−1) were 19%–32% greater at PEG sites than AAG sites, whereas soil pH (7.81), soil total phosphorus (0.44 g kg−1), and soil available phosphorus (0.81 mg kg−1) were 2%–31% lower. The AAG and PEG site soils had different bacterial and fungal β‐diversities but similar α‐diversities. The relative combined abundance ofGemmatimonadetesandChytridiomycota, and that ofRozellomycotaindividually, were, respectively, higher and lower in AAG versus PEG site soils. This suggests that, on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, contrasting grassland cultivation practices affect soil properties and microbes differently. Given the strong interaction between a soil and its microbiome, changes in a soil's microbial community structure can be expected to substantially alter soil function. This will have important ecological service implications, particularly in terms of carbon storage and water conservation in this ecologically fragile region.
Assembling a ‘good’ and ‘bad’ night's sleep: A multifactorial proposition
Authors: Ogeil Rowan P. , Nguyen Mai‐Tram , Savic Michael , Lubman Dan I.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

There is increasing demand for effective sleep health and promotion strategies that are accessible to the general population. Sleep hygiene has traditionally focused on promoting behaviours that facilitate good sleep and avoiding behaviours that interfere with sleep. However, simply following good sleep hygiene practices has proven largely ineffective in clinical samples suffering insomnia, and effectiveness of these recommendations in the general population has also been questioned. One reason for this may be the lack of consideration with respect to interactions between these different factors, as many elements determine a ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ night's sleep.

Methods

The present paper utilised a mixed methods approach using a combination of framework approach thematic analysis (qualitative) and the number of mentions of different characteristics defining a good and bad night's sleep (quantitative) in participants’ (N = 282 (157 females), mean age 27 years) accounts of their last good and bad night's sleep, and how (if at all) alcohol or drugs played a role.

Results

We found that both good and bad night's sleep were influenced by multiple factors and that often the same factors were implicated in both. A significant number of participants described elements of the sleep episode (e.g., timing pre‐ vs. post‐ midnight, consistency of routine, sleep onset latency, sleep environment), or other behavioural or environmental factors (e.g., alcohol or drug use, mood, food consumed prior to sleep) they perceived were involved in their experience of a good or bad night's sleep.

Conclusions

Rather than isolating factors as is typically done in sleep hygiene principles, or viewing these factors as discrete and/or having predictable effects on sleep, it is important to examine how these factors coalesce to shape a good and bad night's sleep.
Effect of Thermal Processing on the Dynamic/Isothermal Crystallization and Cytocompatibility of Polylactic Acid for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cifuentes Sandra C. , Saldaña Laura , Gónzalez‐Carrasco José Luis , Benavente Rosario , García‐Peñas Alberto
Published: September 2021

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a semi‐crystalline biopolymer with numerous applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. PLA biodegradable devices are usually manufactured by extrusion or injection molding. The crystalline‐amorphous structure that PLA acquires during processing is relevant for its applications as it determines the biodegradation rate as well as the mechanical properties of the final device. This work focuses on the effect of processing and the effect of crystallization conditions over the crystallization kinetics of two PLAs: poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) and poly‐l,d‐lactic acid (PLDA). The cytocompatibility of PLLA and PLDA as a function of processing and crystalline degree has also been studied. It is observed that processing affects crystallization kinetics of PLA increasing the crystallization rate of PLLA and PLDA. Finally, crystallinity influenced cytocompatibility of polymeric surfaces, as the viability of human progenitor cells increased on surfaces with higher crystalline fraction.
Single‐Step 3D Printing of Silver‐Patterned Polymeric Devices for Bacteria Proliferation Control
Authors: González Flores Gustavo Adolfo , Bertana Valentina , Chiappone Annalisa , Roppolo Ignazio , Scaltrito Luciano , Marasso Simone Luigi , Cocuzza Matteo , Massaglia Giulia , Quaglio Marzia , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Ferrero Sergio
Published: September 2021

This work describes the fabrication of silver‐patterned polymeric devices via light‐based 3D printing methods from a tailored resin. An acrylate resin containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) as a silver precursor is employed to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the in situ reduction of the metallic salt. The silver‐based resin is processed through a customized stereolithography SL‐3D printing to fabricate structures with silver‐patterned surfaces. This customized SL‐printer (emitting at 405 nm) offers the possibility of adjusting the machine settings during the printing process allowing for AgNPs to be selectively generated by modifying the laser settings during the 3D printing step. Thus, the resin photopolymerization and the photoinduced formation of AgNPs‐based strands can be sequentially achieved during the same printing process with the same light source and using the same printable resin. The fabricated silver‐patterned devices exhibit different surface features that might be exploited in systems working in a marine environment to control biofilm proliferation. As a proof‐of‐concept, the antimicrobial behavior of the silver‐based 3D printed device is tested against environmental bacterial mixed communities via UV–vis spectroscopy and evaluating the absorbance change. Further tests, however, would be needed to reinforce the evidence of the bacteria behavior on the silver‐patterned 3D printed devices.
Opial properties in interpolation spaces
Authors: Markowicz Joanna , Prus Stanisław
Published: September 2021

We study interpolation spaces obtained via a general discrete interpolation method based on a Banach space with an unconditional basis. We find conditions which guarantee that such interpolation spaces have the Opial property and the uniform Opial property.
Effects of repeated manganese treatment on proton magnetic resonance spectra of the globus pallidus in rat brain
Authors: Wang Xuxia , Li Ronghui , He Rui , Fang Fang
Published: September 2021

Excessive manganese is neurotoxic, which means that it can affect the concentrations of metabolite in 1H MRS. In addition, manganese is paramagnetic and it may influence the relaxation times of the metabolite. The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the metabolite relaxation properties and concentrations to exogenous manganese deposition in the globus pallidus (GP) of rat brain after repeated manganese injection. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) experiments in vivo and ex vivo were carried out to evaluate the changes in the metabolite concentration and the major metabolite relaxation times, and histological experiments were also performed after repeated manganese administration. Only the T1 value for N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) of the GP was significantly reduced after 1 day of manganese injection compared with that of the control group (p < 0.025). The T1 and T2 values for NAA and total creatine (tCr) (p < 0.025), along with the amounts of NAA, tCr, myo‐inositol, choline, and glutamate (p < 0.0086) in the GP, were all significantly decreased after 5 days of manganese administration compared with that of the control group. The changes in the concentration and relaxation properties of NAA and tCr in the GP of rat brain indicated that manganese represented paramagnetism and neurotoxicity after repeated administration. Accurate knowledge of relaxation properties and concentrations of NAA and tCr in this study could help appropriate selection of sequence parameters to improve the ability to distinguish the brain regions affected in cases of manganese poisoning.
Approximation of periodic Green's operator in real space using numerical integration and its use in fast Fourier transform‐based micromechanical models
Authors: Zecevic Miroslav , Lebensohn Ricardo A.
Published: September 2021

In this article, we propose an expression for the periodic first derivative of Green's function in real space. The proposed expression allows an alternative way of computing the periodic Green's operator based on periodically summing the free‐space Green's operator in terms of an appropriate quadrature rule. We provide computational examples, which show the accuracy of the proposed approach, together with reduced spurious oscillations in the solution fields.
Towards negotiation: A RAMESES narrative review of social enterprise to support sustainability in Sport for Social Change (S4SC)
Authors: Richmond Alex , de Leeuw Evelyne , Bunde‐Birouste Anne
Published: September 2021

This article engages in a systematic narrative review, executed according to RAMESES (Realist and Meta‐Narrative Evidence Synthesis) standards, to unpack the literature on social enterprise. The case of Sport for Social Change and Development (S4SC) is presented as a global field of organizations facing early engagement with the concept of social enterprise as an innovative solution to increasing pressure in the NGO landscape. Yet, social enterprise is a complex term, which requires a solid theoretical approach before gaining currency as an operational term in the S4SC field. As researchers, we need to first and foremost consider how our research in this area supports organizations. Due to this, the way we theorize a concept before operationalizing the concept needs to appreciate the lived reality of these organizations and the efficiencies they aim to gain to benefit their social mission. The RAMESES narrative review is engaged to consider the different angles of thought regarding social enterprise. Findings articulate three prominent methods to conceptualize social enterprise and query how these methods can be used to support the development and growth of the social enterprise model in the S4SC field. Concluding remarks suggest that research on social enterprise in S4SC needs to better understand the purpose of this concept in the field to mitigate any risk of a priori assumptions being imposed on these organizations.
Association between self‐reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome in a population‐based study: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Kim Go‐Un , Kim Namhee , Kim Heejung
Published: September 2021

The aim was to compare the metabolic syndrome in adults with and without depression in Korea using the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving secondary data analysis. National survey data on the self‐reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome were collected between 2013 and 2015 and released for research purposes in 2017. We conducted a propensity score‐matched study that included adults (n = 494) with and without depression at a 1:1 ratio, to reduce the impact of potential confounding factors between groups. Depression was not significantly associated with changes in metabolic syndrome. However, participants with depression had significantly higher triglycerides than those without depression (p = .008), highlighting the importance of periodically checking triglycerides in depressed patients. Nurses need to check the subcomponents of metabolic syndrome in depressed patients periodically, especially regarding the management of triglycerides.
Efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions in patients with overactive bladder: A protocol for systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Hong , Chen Wenzhen , Yan Yunzhu , Wu Boyu , Wang Jing , Fu Chengwei
Published: September 2021

Background

Some meta‐analyses have proved the superiority of non‐pharmacological interventions in overactive bladder (OAB), but the best choice is still controversial.

Aim

To assess the most effective interventions in female with OAB.

Methods

Studies for relevant randomized controlled trials which compare different kinds of non‐pharmacological interventions in females with OAB will be retrieved from 8 databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and China Biology Medicine disc, from inception to 1 January 2021. After screening titles and abstracts, detailed data including participates, interventions and outcomes will be extracted according to the eligible criteria. Then, Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool will be used to assess the quality of the literature. The pairwise meta‐analysis will be conducted by STATA. Network meta‐analysis will be performed to compare and rank the effects of different non‐pharmacological interventions, in terms of alleviation of symptoms, by OpenBUGS, R and STATA.

Results

This network meta‐analysis will present the best available evidence about non‐pharmacological interventions for OAB to both relieve symptoms and improve life quality.
Unfavorable progression of obesity in children and adolescents due to COVID‐19 pandemic: A school‐based survey in China
Authors: Hu Jia , Liu Jieyu , Wang Jiaxiang , Shen Mingzhu , Ge Wenxin , Shen Hui , Zhang Tian , Yang Haibing , Yin Jieyun
Published: September 2021

Objective

The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement in response to the COVID‐19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the progression of obesity in children and adolescents in Changshu, China.

Methods

Based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA), which is a prospective cross‐sectional and school‐based study, BMI assessed in seven consecutive years (2014 to 2020) among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Changshu city was extracted. The standardized BMI z scores (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2020 (after COVID‐19 home confinement) and the previous 6 years were compared among age‐specific subgroups and between sexes.

Results

The mean number of participants per year was 29,648. The overall mean zBMI drastically increased from 0.29 in 2019 to 0.45 in 2020, resulting in a rise of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14‐0.18); the prevalence of obesity substantially elevated to 12.77% in 2020 (versus 10.38% in 2017), with an acceleration of 2.39% (95% CI: 1.88%‐2.90%). Of note, these increases were more likely to be observed in boys and those 6 to 11 years old.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic seemed to exacerbate the obesity epidemic among pediatric populations in Changshu, China.
Renewable hydrogen and ammonia for combined heat and power systems in remote locations: Optimal design and scheduling
Authors: Palys Matthew J. , Mitrai Ilias , Daoutidis Prodromos
Published: September 2021

Using hydrogen (H) and ammonia (NH) for renewable energy storage has the potential to enable economical power and heat supply with high renewable penetrations, especially in remote locations which are characterized by high energy costs. In this work we assess the economic competitiveness of renewable combined heat and power (CHP) systems in Mahaka HI, Nantucket MA, and Northwest Arctic Borough (NWAB) AK by optimally designing these systems for scenarios in which power and heat can be purchased over a range of historical energy prices as well as when 100% renewable supply is required. We use a combined optimal design and scheduling model which minimizes annualized net present cost by determining optimal technology selection and size simultaneously with optimal schedules for each period of a system operating horizon aggregated from full year hourly resolution data via a consecutive temporal clustering algorithm. We find that renewable generation meets at least 85% of power demands and 75% of heat demands under the lowest energy prices investigated. Higher conventional energy prices lead to increased renewable penetration which is facilitated by renewable NH as a seasonal energy storage medium, as are 100% renewable CHP systems. NH is used for power generation with heat cogeneration in all three locations, as well as directly for heating in NWAB. On an annual cost basis, NH‐enabled 100% renewable CHP is only 3% more expensive in Mahaka and NWAB than systems which can purchase energy at the lowest prices, while it is 15% more expensive in Nantucket.
Adherence to Endocrine Therapy and Racial Outcome Disparities in Breast Cancer
Authors: Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Troester Melissa A. , Wheeler Stephanie B.
Published: September 2021

The disparity in outcomes of breast cancer for Black compared with White women in the U.S. is well known and persistent over time, with the largest disparities appearing among women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancers. The racial gap in breast cancer survival first emerged in the 1980s, a time of significantmen treatment advances in early-stage breast cancer, including the introduction of adjuvant endocrine therapy. Since that time, the gap has continued to widen despite steady advances in treatment and survival of breast cancer overall. Although advanced stage at presentation and unfavorable biology undoubtedly contribute to racial differences in survival of HR+ breast, treatment disparities are increasingly acknowledged to play a key role as well. The recent recognition of racial differences in endocrine therapy use may be a key explanatory factor in the persistent racial gap in mortality of HR+ disease, and may be a key focus of intervention to improve breast cancer outcomes for Black women.

Implications for Practice

Black women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer experience the greatest racial disparity in survival among all breast cancer subtypes. This survival gap appears consistently across studies and is not entirely explained by differences in presenting stage, tumor biology as assessed by genomic risk scores, or receipt of chemotherapy. Recent research highlights lower adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) for Black women. Health systems and individual providers should focus on improving communication about the importance of ET use, sharing decisions around ET, providing appropriate support for side effects and other ET-related concerns, and equitably delivering survivorship care, including ET adherence assessment.
Consequences of Administrative Burden for Social Safety Nets that Support the Healthy Development of Children
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Camacho Sayil , Henderson Sarah Clark , Hernández Mónica , Joshi Ela
Published: September 2021

Through the lens of administrative burden and ordeals, we investigate challenges that low‐income families face in accessing health and human services critical for their children's healthy development. We employ a mixed methods approach—drawing on administrative data on economically disadvantaged children in Tennessee, publicly available data on resource allocations and expenditures, and data collected in purposive and randomly sampled interviews with public and nonprofit agencies across the state—to analyze the distribution of resources relative to children's needs and provide rich descriptions of the experiences of organizations striving to overcome administrative burdens and support families. We also scrutinize the place‐based resource deserts and environmental contexts of resource gaps and deficiencies in public policies governing the distribution of public resources that exacerbate administrative burdens and inequities in access to public resources. Our insights into the costs imposed on individuals and organizations and how they impede or spill over into other aspects of organizational work point to specific state and local program and policy changes that could be implemented to address resource constraints and alleviate burdens on organizations and poor families.
Materials science and design principles of therapeutic materials in orthopedic and bone tissue engineering
Authors: Liang Wenqing , Dong Yongqiang , Shen Hailiang , Shao Ruyi , Wu Xudong , Huang Xiaogang , Sun Bin , Zeng Bin , Zhang Songou , Xu Fangming
Published: September 2021

The successful materials design for bone‐tissue engineering needs to understand the structure and composition of host bone tissue, and selecting appropriate biomimetic natural or tunable synthetic materials (biomaterials), such as polymers, bioceramics, metals, and composites. Materials that improve bone tissue engineering have tremendous potential for clinical applications to treat and regenerate various bone injuries and fractures. The drive to design bone grafts for bridging the gaps in orthopedic tissue regeneration results in a significant research thrust for designing and developing material for bone tissue regeneration. Recently, numerous challenges, including biomaterial designing, can well suit the biological, chemical and mechanical microenvironment of natural orthopedic tissues and adopt vascularization. Novel bio‐inspired materials attempt to enhance the biofunctionality that reconstruct microlevel biofactor and topographical signals from the extracellular environment are rapidly developing. The most important paradigm shift in orthopedic tissue engineering is the careful selection of scaffold, signals, and cell types to design biomaterials. Notwithstanding, the clinical outcome of orthopedic tissue regeneration was so vibrant years ago; however, so far, it failed to achieve the expected results and failed to translate in the clinical setting. In the current review, we discuss the aims and mechanism of bone tissue regeneration, biomaterial designing, and orthopedic tissue engineering requirements. Next, we highlight the principle for orthopedic tissue engineering and describe the strategies for enhancing material Bio‐functionality. Finally, we give the bench to bedside concept and concluding remarks with a special focus on future. The main purpose of current paper is to give a comprehensive overview, which is helpful for the researcher to distill this information and design future research strategies for designing materials for orthopedic and bone tissue engineering.
Preparation and mechanical properties of poly(γ‐benzyll‐glutamate) modified nano‐silica reinforced polyurea composites
Authors: Li Xiaotun , Wang Haitao , Zhang Zhongwei , Tan Yefa , Tian Jin , Chen Guanxiu
Published: September 2021

To improve the mechanical properties of polyaspartate polyurea (PAEP), functionalized nano‐silica reinforced polyurea composites were prepared. The original nano‐silica (O‐SiO2) was treated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and the amino group at the end of APTES was used as the initiation site to realize the coating modification of poly(γ‐benzyll‐glutamate) (PBLG) onto O‐SiO2. The dispersion, wettability, and interfacial properties of functionalized nano‐silica (PBLG‐SiO2) in PAEP were analyzed. The tensile and tear properties of PBLG‐SiO2/PAEP composites were tested, and the reinforcement mechanism was revealed. The results showed the dispersibility of PBLG‐SiO2in PAEP had been improved markedly. The contact angle of PBLG‐SiO2with PAEP was 29.31°, which was significantly lower than that of O‐SiO2(76.48°). The adhesion work between PBLG‐SiO2and PAEP was 97.16 mJ/m2, an increase of 51.7% compared with O‐SiO2. When the content of PBLG‐SiO2was 2 phr, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and tear strength of PAEP composites reached the maximum of 17.43 MPa, 157.12 MPa, and 127.38 N/mm, an increase of 33.6%, 77.9%, and 71.3%, respectively, compared with pure PAEP. The analysis of cross‐section showed that the strengthening mechanism of PBLG‐SiO2on PAEP was mainly manifested by non‐planar cracks, deflection and bifurcation of cracks, and plastic deformation of PAEP matrix caused by peeling of PBLG‐SiO2from matrix.
Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Arush Myriam Ben , Daragjati Julia , Coppadoro Beatrice , Gallego Soledad , Alaggio Rita , Smeulders Naima , Mudry Peter , Zin Angelica , Merks Johannes H. M. , Slater Olga
Published: September 2021

Procedure

Congenital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a challenging disease due to its characteristics and the difficulties in delivering treatment in this immature population.

Methods

We analyzed treatment and outcome of patients with congenital RMS, defined as tumor diagnosed in the first 2 months of life, enrolled in the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group protocols.

Results

Twenty‐four patients with congenital RMS were registered. All, except one patient (PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive metastatic RMS), had favorable histology and localized disease. Three patients had VGLL2‐CITED2/NCOA2 fusion. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 10 patients. No radiotherapy was given. Chemotherapy doses were adjusted to age and weight. Only two patients required further dose reduction for toxicity. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.6–87.9) and 87.3% (95% CI 65.6–95.7), respectively. Progressive disease was the main cause of treatment failure.

Conclusion

Patients with congenital RMS presented with a favorable disease, allowing weight‐ and age‐adjusted doses of chemotherapy and avoidance of irradiation, without compromising the outcome.
Development levels of pediatric palliative care teams and the extent of palliative care understanding and implementation among pediatric oncologists in China
Authors: Cai Siyu , Guo Qiaohong , Wang Xianjing , Wang Ruixin , Yang Peiyi , Zhou Yuchen , Luo Yanhui , Zhou Xuan , Peng Xiaoxia
Published: September 2021

Importance

Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is an interdisciplinary collaboration that focuses on the prevention and relief of patient suffering. PPC has emerged as a critical field of medical expertise and practice. However, no information is available regarding the progress of PPC in the Chinese mainland.

Objective

This study investigated the geographic distribution, team structure, and services of PPC teams in the Chinese mainland. It also investigated the level of understanding and implementation among pediatric oncologists regarding PPC.

Methods

The PPC subspecialty group of the Pediatrics Society of the Chinese Medical Association included 45 PPC teams. The team structure and services were investigated using questionnaires mailed to the team leader of each PPC team. In addition, we sent questionnaires regarding the level of PPC understanding and implementation of PPC practices to 170 pediatric oncologists in 11 hospitals.

Results

The geographical distribution of PPC teams is uneven in China. Most PPC teams are concentrated in the eastern provincial capital of China. Most PPC teams had limited staff and services. The level of PPC understanding was considerably limited across all demographics; most pediatric oncologists reported “some understanding” (n = 71, 41.8%) or “poor understanding” (n = 50, 29.4%). Only 62.9% of pediatric oncologists had experience providing advice to family members regarding PPC matters.

Interpretation

China is currently experiencing a critical shortage of PPC resources. Most pediatric oncologists had a limited understanding of PPC and reported limited practical implementation of PPC, which leads to underutilization of PPC resources.
Psychometric properties of the LifeSkills Training middle school health survey
Authors: Lipien Lodi , Ismajli Flandra , Rigg Khary K.
Published: September 2021

LifeSkills Training (LST) is a popular drug prevention program shown to be effective at preventing youth substance use. The Middle School Health Survey (MSHS) is a questionnaire that was created by the developers of the LST curriculum to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes about drugs and life skills among youth. Despite the widespread use of the MSHS, the measurement quality of the instrument is largely unknown because no prior research has evaluated its psychometric properties. This study evaluated the reliability of scores and factor structure of the MSHS, which was administered to 986 students (Grades 6–8) before the implementation of the LST curriculum. Results indicate that one of the subscales had poor internal consistency reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha, which is likely due to restricted variability in item responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures indicated that a three‐ or four‐factor solution fit the data; however, fewer than half of the items had loadings above the acceptable threshold, indicating that the MSHS requires modification to meet acceptable standards of measurement quality. This paper fills a void in the literature and informs if and which modifications to the MSHS might be necessary.
Registration of ‘CP 12‐1753’ sugarcane
Authors: Sood Sushma , Momotaz Aliya , Davidson R. Wayne , Islam Md S. , Sandhu Hardev , Zhao Duli , Baltazar Miguel , Gordon Vanessa S. , McCord Per , Arbelo Coto Orlando
Published: September 2021

‘CP 12‐1753’ (Reg. no. CV‐203, PI 698657) sugarcane (complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) cultivar was developed through a cooperative research between USDA‐ARS, the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and the University of Florida. It was derived from a polycross made at Canal Point, FL, on 8 Dec. 2010 between a female parent CP 08‐2409 and several male parents. CP 12‐1753 had 11 harvests in Stage 4: plant cane and first ratoon at four locations and second ratoon at three locations. Harvest data showed that CP 12‐1753 had significantly (P ≤ .05) higher cane yield and economic index than the reference cultivars ‘CL 88‐4730’ and ‘CPCL 97‐2730’, respectively, but had significantly lower cane yield in plant cane and lower economic index than the reference cultivar ‘CP 96‐1252’. Freeze tolerance of CP 12‐1753 was lower than the reference cultivars. CP 12‐1753 possesses Bru1, a major gene for brown rust resistance, and showed resistance to brown rust. At the time of release, it was resistant to orange rust, mosaic, and smut. It was moderately resistant to leaf scald and ratoon stunting disease. Considering the agronomic, yield, and disease traits, CP 12‐1753 was released by the Florida Sugarcane Variety Committee in June 2020 to growers for commercial use on mineral (sand) soils.
Resonant soft X‐ray scattering in polymer science
Authors: Collins Brian A. , Gann Eliot
Published: September 2021

Resonant soft X‐ray scattering (RSoXS) is an emerging, powerful technique to probe the nano‐to‐mesoscale structure of polymers and other molecules. It joins together small‐angle X‐ray scattering (a statistical nanoprobe) with X‐ray spectroscopy that brings with it unique chemical and bond‐orientation sensitivity. Through over a decade of discovery and development, RSoXS is moving from a niche technique applied to organic electronic thin films to a mature tool applicable to a plethora of polymeric and molecular systems, encompassing new modalities, analyses, and simulation methods. This development promises to deliver increasingly quantitative answers to challenging questions in polymer science as well as expand its usefulness to complementary fields. This review presents a full synopsis of the technique, including background on the theoretical underpinnings, measurement best practices, and examples of recent RSoXS applications and discoveries provided here to accelerate the transition to a broader range of soft matter and polymeric fields.
Manual external chest compression reverses respiratory failure in children with severe air trapping
Authors: Brooks Rebecca , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Glicksman Charlotte , Eisenstein Eli M. , Shoseyov David
Published: September 2021

We report manual external chest compression (MECC) as an effective treatment for acute respiratory failure due to severe air trapping. In this retrospective study, we describe our experience with MECC administered to five children suffering from severe air trapping as a consequence of severe asthma or bronchiolitis. These children were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with clinical and blood gases parameters compatible with acute respiratory failure. Before intubation MECC was performed. The results of blood gasses before, during, and after MECC showed gradual changes in PCO2 over time indicating the improvement in tidal volume and ventilation. Respiratory failure resolved in all five children within 4 h with no complications. The need for intubation and mechanical ventilation was avoided, and all children were discharged from the PICU within 48 h.
Neuroprotective effect of wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: Downregulation of iNOS/TNF‐α and upregulation of miR‐146a/miR‐21 expression
Authors: Moradi Zahra , Rabiei Zahra , Anjomshoa Maryam , Amini‐Farsani Zeinab , Massahzadeh Vahid , Asgharzade Samira
Published: September 2021

This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of wild lowbush blueberry on CIRI in rats. Accordingly, CIRI and reperfusion were induced in rats for 60 min and 24 h, respectively. Then, the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of BBE were investigated in the injury through evaluating miR‐146a, miR‐21, and their targets in a CIRI rat model. After that, the BBE (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg b.wt) was intraperitoneally injected for 14 days, then CIRI was induced by BCCAO for 60 min for ischemic stroke and reperfusion for 24 h. Several parameters including the oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus and serum were measured 24 h after the CIRI. The findings showed that the BBE significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and increased ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels in the hippocampus and serum following the stroke. The BBE also maximized the miR‐146a and miR‐21 expressions and moderated iNOS and TNF‐α expressions in the hippocampus. Likewise, the BBE enlarged the CA1 and CA3 domains of the post‐stroke pyramidal cell layers of the hippocampus. Overall, the results revealed that BBE had potent neuroprotective efficacy against CIRI via the effective modulation of neuroinflammatory cascades and protected neurons against ischemic death.
A deep learning framework for lightning forecasting with multi‐source spatiotemporal data
Authors: Geng Yangli‐ao , Li Qingyong , Lin Tianyang , Yao Wen , Xu Liangtao , Zheng Dong , Zhou Xinyuan , Zheng Liming , Lyu Weitao , Zhang Yijun
Published: September 2021

Weather forecasting requires comprehensive analysis of a variety of meteorological data. Recent decades have witnessed the advance of weather observation and simulation technologies, triggering an explosion of meteorological data which are collected from multiple sources (e.g., radar, automatic stations and numerical weather prediction) and usually characterized by a spatiotemporal (ST) structure. As a result, the adequate exploition of these multi‐source ST data emerges as a promising but challenging topic for weather forecasting. To address this issue, we propose a data‐driven forecasting framework (referred to as LightNet+) based on deep neural networks using a lightning scenario. Our framework design enables LightNet+ to make forecasts by mining complementary information distributed across multiple data sources, which may be heterogeneous in spatial (continuous versus discrete) and temporal (observations from the past versus simulation of the future) domains. We evaluate LightNet+ using a real‐world weather dataset in North China. The experimental results demonstrate: (a) LightNet+ produces significantly better forecasts than three established lightning schemes, and (b) the more data sources are fed into LightNet+, the higher forecasting quality it achieves.
Analyzing relevance vector machines using a single penalty approach
Authors: Dixit Anand , Roy Vivekananda
Published: September 2021

Relevance vector machine (RVM) is a popular sparse Bayesian learning model typically used for prediction. Recently it has been shown that improper priors assumed on multiple penalty parameters in RVM may lead to an improper posterior. Currently in the literature, the sufficient conditions for posterior propriety of RVM do not allow improper priors over the multiple penalty parameters. In this article, we propose a single penalty relevance vector machine (SPRVM) model in which multiple penalty parameters are replaced by a single penalty and we consider a semi‐Bayesian approach for fitting the SPRVM. The necessary and sufficient conditions for posterior propriety of SPRVM are more liberal than those of RVM and allow for several improper priors over the penalty parameter. Additionally, we also prove the geometric ergodicity of the Gibbs sampler used to analyze the SPRVM model and hence can estimate the asymptotic standard errors associated with the Monte Carlo estimate of the means of the posterior predictive distribution. Such a Monte Carlo standard error cannot be computed in the case of RVM, since the rate of convergence of the Gibbs sampler used to analyze RVM is not known. The predictive performance of RVM and SPRVM is compared by analyzing two simulation examples and three real life datasets.
Low Power Multiplication/Division Computing Unit forIOTApplications
Authors: Ellaithy Dina M.
Published: September 2021

Internet of things (IOT) makes limitation on power consumption for sensors and portable devices. Thus exact computation for multiplication and division processes are not allowed due to the huge amount of power consumption. To address these limitations, a low power multiplication/division computing unit is proposed. This approach is based on transforming the complex and power‐hungry multiplication and division operations to a simple addition and subtraction process. Then, the efficient piecewise uniform approximation logarithmic and antilogarithmic converters are utilized to complete the computation process. Synthesis of the proposed computing unit using 90 nm CMOS technology, 1.0 V supply voltage standard cell library with ‘typical corner’ operating condition, reveal that significant power dissipation savings are possible at no performance penalty, when compared with approximate computing approach. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Food‐productive green infrastructure: Enabling agroecological transitions from an urban design perspective
Authors: Bohn Katrin , Chu Dong
Published: September 2021

From an urban and landscape perspective, it is high time to design, plan, and build complex relationships between the urban, suburban, rural spheres in order to enable metabolic loops around food and make them compatible with environmentally sound agricultural production and socially sound urban food economies. To achieve this, we contend that it will be of ecological, economic, and social advantage for cities, towns, and countryside if existing green infrastructure (GI) concepts embraced the food subject. Green infrastructure, if food productive, can enhance nature‐based solutions and be the spatial enabler of agroecological processes. Selecting the spatial landscape typology of the greenway as our example, we propose a design research pathway to explore the suitability of a ‘food‐productive greenway’—theoretically based on the design concept of ‘Continuous Productive Urban Landscape’ (CPUL)—which expands the ecological capacity of traditional GI by reorienting it toward food production and urban food system activities. We discuss this new hybrid infrastructure looking at three major space‐planning functions—ecology, economy, and social impact—with a focus on landscape ecology. In the form of a 10‐step plan, we include recommendations for urban planners and designers of how to consider food‐productive GI as key toward an urgently needed, livable postcarbon city.
Malcolm Clive Wigglesworth
Authors: Wigglesworth Derek James
Published: September 2021

A skilled vet and pilot whose varied career abroad brought responsibility and adventure.