Enfortumab vedotin (EV) with pembrolizumab (P) versus chemotherapy (chemo) in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC): Analysis of the cisplatin (cis)-ineligible population from EV-302/KEYNOTE-A39.
Authors: Van Der Heijden Michiel Simon , Gupta Shilpa , Bedke Jens , Valderrama Begoña Pérez , Kikuchi Eiji , Iyer Gopa , Loriot Yohann , Dawson Nancy Ann , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Mar Nataliya , Sridhar Srikala S. , Maroto-Rey Pablo , Shin Sang Joon , Yu Evan Y. , Duran Ignacio , Birrenkott Matthew , Yu Xuesong , Shetty Aditya , Bavle Abhishek Amar , Powles Thomas 
Published: July 2024

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Background: EV-302/KEYNOTE-A39 (NCT04223856) is a phase 3, randomized, open-label, global study comparing EV+P with platinum-based chemo (PBC) for first-line (1L) treatment (tx) of patients (pts) with la/mUC regardless of cis eligibility. In EV-302, EV+P demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefit compared with PBC for the dual primary endpoints of PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.45; P<0.00001) and OS (HR: 0.47; P<0.00001) in the overall pt population (Powles ESMO 2023), reducing the risk of progression and/or death by more than 50%. EV+P was FDA-approved in Dec 2023 for tx of adults with la/mUC. As cis eligibility status has long defined 1L tx, here we present results of an analysis for pts who were ineligible for cis at randomization. Methods: Pts with previously untreated la/mUC were randomized 1:1 to receive 3-week cycles of EV (1.25 mg/kg IV; Days 1 and 8) and P (200 mg IV; Day 1) or PBC (gemcitabine with cis or carboplatin [carbo]). Select secondary endpoints included confirmed objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and safety. Pts were deemed eligible/ineligible for cis following protocol-defined criteria and stratified accordingly. Results: 408 pts (EV+P: 198, PBC: 210) were cis-ineligible at randomization. 205 (97.6%) pts in the PBC arm received carbo at Cyle 1. mPFS was 10.6 months for EV+P; 6.1 months for PBC (HR: 0.43, 95% CI, 0.33, 0.55). mOS was not reached for EV+P and was 12.7 months for PBC (HR: 0.43, 95% CI, 0.31, 0.59). ORR for EV+P was 63.9% with 24.7% complete response (CR) rate; mDOR (95% CI) was not reached (16.3 months, NR). ORR for PBC was 34.9% with 9.1% CR rate; mDOR (95% CI) was 6.6 months (5.6, 10.2). In EV+P arm, 62 pts (31.3%) remained on tx at data cutoff (DCO). 55 pts (27.8%) received subsequent therapy. 10 pts received cis and 27 pts received carbo as first subsequent therapy. In PBC arm, all were off study tx at DCO. 114 pts (54.3%) received any PD-1/L1 therapy following PBC. 52 pts received maintenance avelumab; 58 pts received PD-1/L1 therapy as second-line tx. Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 58.4% of pts with EV+P and 77.1% of pts with PBC. Most common grade ≥3 TRAEs of special interest for EV were skin reactions (16.2%), peripheral neuropathy (8.1%), and hyperglycemia (4.1%). Most common grade ≥3 tx-emergent AEs of special interest for P were severe skin reaction (14.7%), hepatitis (2.0%), and pneumonitis (2.0%). Conclusions: In this pt population with historically poor prognosis, EV+P improved clinical outcomes in pts who were ineligible for cis; results were consistent with the overall population. The risk of death was reduced by more than 50%. The AE profile of EV+P was generally manageable with no new safety signals. The results of EV-302 support EV+P as a new SOC for la/mUC, including pts who are ineligible for cis. Clinical trial information: NCT04223856 .