bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refuge distributions and landscape connectivity affect host-parasitoid dynamics: Motivations for biological control in agroecosystems
Authors: D. Fernandes Lucas , Mata Angelica S. , Godoy Wesley A. C. , Reigada Carolina
Published: April 2022

Species distributions are affected by landscape structure at different spatial scales. Here we study how the interplay between dispersal at different spatial scales and landscape connectivity and composition affect local species dynamics. Using a host-parasitoid model, we assessed host density and host occupancy on the landscape, under different parasitoid dispersal ranges and three local distributions of non-crop habitats, areas where hosts are unable to grow but parasitoids are provided with alternative hosts and food resources. Our results show distinct responses of host density to increases in non-crop area, measured by differences in slopes for different distributions of non-crop habitats, and that the effect of local landscape composition on species dynamics depends on the landscape connectivity at the regional scale. Moreover, we show how host density and occupancy are affected by increasing parasitoid dispersal ranges depending on landscape structure. Our results demonstrate the role of local and regional scales on species distributions and the importance of the combined effects of species biological parameters and landscape structure on species dynamics. Finally, we highlight the relevance of these aspects for the development of better strategies of biological control.
Mechanical properties of charcoal and its representativeness of vegetation in northern China
Authors: Sun Nan , Li Xiabo , Luo Fan , Xiao Liang
Published: April 2022

The objective of this paper is to examine the representativeness of charcoal taxa at archeological sites in northern China. We carried out standardized laboratory compression tests on 168 samples representing 21 taxa charred at four different temperatures to characterize the mechanical properties of common taxa in temperate China. The results indicate that significant fragmentation differences occur between taxa. Ring-porous/semi-ring-porous taxa with a moderate density (>0.55 g/cm3) are overrepresented, while those with a very low to low density (<0.55 g/cm3) are moderately represented. Diffuse-porous taxa with slightly dense uniseriate rays, rare multiseriate rays and distinct helical thickenings are underrepresented, and those with slightly dense multiseriate rays are overrepresented, while those with rare to moderate multiseriate rays and helical thickening absence are moderately represented. Gymnosperm trees are generally well represented. Among the ubiquitous taxa at the archeological sites across northern China,QuercusandUlmusmay be overrepresented, andPinus,Salix,Populus, andAcermay be underrepresented, whileBetulamay be moderately represented.
Naturally acquired antibodies against 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults
Authors: Gaultier Gabrielle N. , Nix Eli B. , Thorgrimson Joelle , Boreham Douglas , McCready William , Ulanova Marina
Published: April 2022

Despite the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for pediatric immunization, North American Indigenous populations continue to experience high burden of pneumococcal infections. Naturally acquired antibodies, which can protect unvaccinated adults against pneumococcal infections, have not previously been studied in Canadian Indigenous people. We analysed concentrations of natural serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies specific to 7 serotype-specific capsular polysaccharides (3, 6B, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F and 23F) in 141 healthy individuals (age between 18 and 80 years), including Indigenous adults living in 2 geographical different areas of Ontario, Canada, and non-Indigenous residing in northwestern Ontario. Regardless of the geographical area, concentrations of IgG specific to serotypes 6B, 9V, and 14, IgM specific to 9V, and all serotype-specific IgA were significantly higher in Indigenous study participants as compared to non-Indigenous. The differences are likely attributed to an increased exposure of Indigenous individuals to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or cross-reactive antigens of other microorganisms or plants present in the environment. Although in non-Indigenous adults concentrations of IgM specific to 9V, 19A, 19F, and 23F significantly decreased with age, this was not observed in Indigenous individuals suggesting that Indigenous people may experience continuous exposure to pneumococci and cross-reactive antigens over the life span. Women had generally higher concentrations of natural IgG and IgM concentrations than men, with more striking differences found in Indigenous adults, potentially associated with larger exposure of women to young children, the major reservoir of pneumococci in communities. Our data suggest that increased rates of pneumococcal infections among Indigenous people are unlikely related to deficiency of naturally acquired antibodies, at least those specific to 7 common serotypes. Determining serological correlates of protection for adults will be essential to identify the groups in need of adult pneumococcal immunizations that may prevent excessive burden of the disease among North American Indigenous people.
DAO-CP: Data-Adaptive Online CP decomposition for tensor stream
Authors: Son Sangjun , Park Yong-chan , Cho Minyong , Kang U.
Published: April 2022

How can we accurately and efficiently decompose a tensor stream? Tensor decomposition is a crucial task in a wide range of applications and plays a significant role in latent feature extraction and estimation of unobserved entries of data. The problem of efficiently decomposing tensor streams has been of great interest because many real-world data dynamically change over time. However, existing methods for dynamic tensor decomposition sacrifice the accuracy too much, which limits their usages in practice. Moreover, the accuracy loss becomes even more serious when the tensor stream has an inconsistent temporal pattern since the current methods cannot adapt quickly to a sudden change in data. In this paper, we propose DAO-CP, an accurate and efficient online CP decomposition method which adapts to data changes. DAO-CP tracks local error norms of the tensor streams, detecting a change point of the error norms. It then chooses the best strategy depending on the degree of changes to balance the trade-off between speed and accuracy. Specifically, DAO-CP decides whether to (1) reuse the previous factor matrices for the fast running time or (2) discard them and restart the decomposition to increase the accuracy. Experimental results show that DAO-CP achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy without noticeable loss of speed compared to existing methods.
Improved heat coefficients for joint-space metabolic energy expenditure model during level, uphill, and downhill walking
Authors: Cruz Jazmin , Yang James
Published: April 2022

A previously developed joint-space metabolic energy expenditure (MEE) model includes subject-specific parameters and was validated using level walking gait data. In this work, we determine how well this joint-space model performs during various walking grades (-8%, 0%, and 8%) at 0.8 m·s ⁻1 and 1.3 m·s ⁻1 using published gait data in the literature. In response to those results, we formulate an optimization problem and solve it through the particle swam method plus fmincon function in MATLAB to identify a new optimal weighting parameter set for each grade that produces more accurate predicted MEE and we compare our new findings with seven other MEE models in the literature. The current study matched the measured MEE the best with the lowest RMSE values for level (0.45 J·kg ⁻1·m ⁻1) and downhill (0.82 J·kg ⁻1·m ⁻1) walking and the third lowest RMSE value for uphill (1.56 J·kg ⁻1·m ⁻1) walking, where another MEE model, Looney et al., had the lowest RMSE for uphill (1.27 J·kg ⁻1·m ⁻1) walking. Bland-Altman plots and three independent-samples t-tests show that there was no statistical significant difference between experimentally measured MEE and estimated MEE during the three walking conditions, meaning that the three new optimal weighting parameter sets can be used with 6 degree of freedom (DOF) lower extremity motion data to better estimate whole body MEE in those scenarios. We believe that this work is a step towards identifying a single robust parameter set that allows for accurate estimation of MEE during any task, with the potential to mitigate a limitation of indirect calorimetry requiring lengthy steady state motion.
Clinician approaches to communicating a dementia diagnosis: An interview study
Authors: Wollney Easton N. , Bylund Carma L. , Bedenfield Noheli , Rosselli Monica , Curiel-Cid Rosie E. , Kitaigorodsky Marcela , Levy Ximena , Armstrong Melissa J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Individuals with cognitive impairment and their families place a high value on receiving a dementia diagnosis, but clinician approaches vary. There is a need for research investigating experiences of giving and receiving dementia diagnoses. The current study aimed to investigate clinician approaches to giving dementia diagnoses as part of a larger study investigating patient, caregiver, and clinician experiences during the diagnosis encounter.

Method

Investigators conducted telephone interviews with Florida-based clinicians who give dementia diagnoses either rarely or commonly. Interviews employed a semi-structured interview guide querying communication practices used by clinicians when giving dementia diagnoses and how clinicians learned to give dementia diagnoses. Investigators used a descriptive qualitative design to conduct a thematic analysis of data.

Results

Fifteen Florida-based clinicians participated, representing diverse backgrounds related to gender, race/ethnicity, specialty, and practice setting. Participants reported using patient- and family-centered communication practices including checking patient understanding, communicating empathically, and involving family members. Some clinicians explicitly asked patients and/or family members about their preferences regarding diagnosis disclosure; many clinicians tailored their disclosure based on patient and family characteristics or reactions. Some clinicians reported using specific diagnoses, while others used general terms such as “memory disorder.” Clinicians reported positively framing information, including instilling hope, focusing on healthy behaviors, and discussing symptom management. Finally, clinicians provided patient/family education and arranged follow up. Clinicians reported learning approaches to dementia diagnosis disclosure through formal training and self-education.

Conclusions

Diverse Florida-based clinicians described dementia disclosure practices largely consistent with published guidance, but clinicians varied on approaches relating to soliciting patient disclosure preferences and terminology used. Clinicians caring for diverse populations described that cultural background affects the disclosure process, but more research is needed regarding this finding and best practices for individuals from different backgrounds.
Physical Foundations of Subatomic Attosecond Quantum Technologies for Storing Energy in Materials
Authors: Beznosyuk S.A. , Zhukovsky M.S. , Maslova O.A.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the current development of physical principles of subatomic quantum technologies using ultrashort attosecond energy pulses within the ranges of deep-UV and soft X-ray radiation. It is necessary as a foundation of the process of nondestructive high-capacity reverse energy harvesting using accumulating nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) of supra-atomic scale with linear dimensions of 0.1 nm up to 10 nm and subatomic thickness of boundary interfaces up to 0.1 nm. The article compares the physical principles of up-to-date femtosecond quantum technologies and the prospective attosecond quantum technologies. The latter aims to improve the capacity, controllability, and performance efficiency of quantum energy storages by utilizing quantum electronic excitations of hybrid nature. Harder and shorter by one or two orders of magnitude UV and X-ray impulses are required for attosecond energy storages, unlike the femtosecond ones. Quantum femtochemistry describes the reactions caused by optical spectrum radiation pulses. In the case of attosecond pulses, highly excited quantum entangled subatomic electron pairs demonstrate nonlinear energy pulse accumulation effects. Goldstone condensates of bosonic electron pairs produce boundary shells of compact cavities of a quantum-size NEMS resonator. Hybrid electronic excitations of NEMS are a specific feature of the nonlinear quantum subatomic response of materials to attosecond deep-UV and soft X-ray pulses. The attosecond physics of the processes is the basis for the development of new subatomic attosecond quantum technologies for storing energy in materials.
Structural-Phase Сhanges During the D1a→A1 Phase Transition in the Ni4Mo Alloy
Authors: Klopotov A.A. , Abzaev Yu.A. , Trishkina L.I. , Cherkasova T.V. , Potekaev A.I.
Published: April 2022

The results of studying the structural and thermal effects in the region of the D1a→A1 order-disorder phase transition in the Ni4Mo alloy are presented. It is found that the D1a→A1 transition occurs in a narrow temperature range of 16 °C while the long-range order parameter п in this range decreases from 1 to 0.85 and, upon reaching ТК, decreases abruptly to 0. Studying the thermal effects allows obtaining the temperature dependence of the specific heat Ср(Т) is obtained and determination of the enthalpy and entropy of the D1a→A1 order-disorder phase transition in the Ni4Mo alloy. It is found that the main contribution to the entropy of transformation is configurational. The nonconfiguration contribution is not large and contributes to the ordering processes. It is established that the beginning of the deviation on the temperature dependence of Cp(T) from the linear one correlates with the beginning of the formation of the two-phase state D1a +A1 and the beginning of a decrease in the atomic long-range order in the D1a. Based on calculations based on the first a principles of thermodynamic parameters of compounds, the enthalpy of formation in the Ni-Mo system is obtained. It is found that the most stable compound in this system is Ni3Mo. Theoretical calculations of the compound formation enthalpy give a value of -8.3 kJ/mol.
Database Reconciliation in Applied Interval Analysis
Authors: Ergaliev E.K. , Madiyarov M.N. , Oskorbin N.M. , Smolyakova L.L.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of the reconciliation of observation results, which arises when solving problems of interval analysis of a database. It is found that the values of the set of input variables and the output variable are consistent if the graph of the desired dependence is located at the inner points of the interval hyper-rectangle in each observation. In this case, it is proposed to use special solutions of interval systems of linear algebraic equations (ISLAU) to analyze the data of linear processes. However, in real and model conditions, the specified property of the database is not always fulfilled a priori. In these cases, it is proposed to use the principle of robust estimation: inconsistent observations should either be excluded from the sample or adjusted. This paper presents the results of the study of these methods of matching the used experimental database on model linear processes under conditions when the basic assumptions of interval estimation of dependencies are fulfilled. In addition, variant computational experiments have been investigated to reveal the possibility of increasing the accuracy of interval analysis due to preliminary correction of observations, including the possibility of guaranteed estimation of the sought dependences.
Development of Convolutional Neural Network for Classification of Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of Audio Signals
Authors: Popov V.N. , Ладыгин Павел Сергеевич , Karev V.V. , Bortsova Ya.I.
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the application of deep convolutional neural networks for the processing of audio files, particularly for classifying amplitude-frequency characteristics of audio signals. The mapping of audio fragments to each other is reduced to verifying objects by their representation. A large representative sample of audio signals was collected and supplemented with a satisfying Free Music Archive dataset to produce a dataset for training a deep convolutional neural network. The CQT-Net architecture is taken as a predictive model with cosine similarity being used to compare feature vectors. Four types of augmentation, including Gaussian noise, reverberation, change in pitch frequency, and change in tempo of the audio signal, are used to prevent retraining of the predictive model. The verification quality of the predictive model is tested on two separate datasets consisting of 1500 audio recordings excluded from the training dataset. Detection error tradeoff curves are plotted for all datasets, including testing ones with a changed pace and with a changed "pitch." Equal Error Rate is used as a model quality metric. The probability of identification of commonly used distortions of audio signals in the amplitude-frequency domain is evaluated to be higher than 92%. It signifies the reliability of the developed model.
Osseous Metaplasia in a Gastric Adenoma of the Stomach
Authors: Tawfik Ossama , Jonnalagadda Sreenivasa , Siddiqui Gulnaz , Downing Robert P. , McNally Megan
Published: April 2022

Osseous metaplasia (OM) in the stomach is a rare finding, with less than 10 cases reported in the English literature to date. We present a rare case of a gastric adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and stromal OM in a 65-year-old man. The clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features along with a review of the literature are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of identifiable OM in a gastric polyp radiologically.
Abstraksi Reflektif: Suatu Sudut Pandang Pemecahan Masalah Geometris
Authors: Masamah Ulfa
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze and describe the process of mathematical reflective abstraction of students with high early mathematics ability in problem solving based on Krulik and Rudnick's steps on geometry material. This research is a case study qualitative research. The research subjects were students of MAN 1 Ngawi who were taken by purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique was done by task-based interviews. The results of the problem solving task and interview data are then presented and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that students who are highly capable in every step of problem solving according to the Krulik and Rudnick stages always bring up a complete reflective abstraction which includes recognition, representation, structural abstraction, and structural awareness. Subjects utilize previous knowledge related to trigonometry in solving geometric problems. In reflective abstraction activities, it can be seen how students construct conceptual knowledge, by providing reasons for the decisions made. This is in accordance with the demands of learning in the new normal era, students are required to construct their own mathematical knowledge.
Reconstrução mandibular com retalho microvascularizado de fíbula: relato de caso
Authors: Ferreira Alan Ardisson , Ferreira Bruno Costa , Oliveira Juliana Evelin de , Basto Patrícia Lana Lopes , Afonso Alexandre Maurity de Paula
Published: April 2022

Os defeitos mandibulares podem ser causados por uma variedade de fatores, incluindo os tumores benignos ou malignos. A falta de reparação desses defeitos mandibulares pode causar comprometimento psicológico importante, redução da capacidade mastigatória e dificuldade da fala, além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No presente artigo, será discutido o retalho microcirúrgico de fíbula, o mais amplamente utilizado e considerado padrão-ouro nas grandes reconstruções mandibulares. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de reconstrução mandibular com uso do retalho microvascularizado de fíbula em paciente submetido a ressecção óssea extensa com desarticulação em decorrência de ameloblastoma multicístico. O paciente do caso relatado, após 14 meses de pós-operatório, apresentou boa reanatomização do contorno mandibular, excelente abertura bucal sem desvio e sem deflexão, adequados movimentos excursivos da mandíbula com ausência de dor, o que sugere adequada reconstrução da articulação temporomandibular, e ausência de complicações tanto no sítio doador quanto no sítio receptor. O emprego de retalhos ósseos microvascularizados em extensas reconstruções mandibulares é uma excelente opção, sendo necessária uma equipe interdisciplinar experiente munida de um planejamento adequado, para alcançar bons resultados estéticos e funcionais.
ENSURING UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY TO HIGH-TECH POWER ENTERPRISES
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Kirpichnikova Irina , Shipilov Sergey ,   Training aviation base, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: April 2022

The article considers the need to ensure reliable power supply to high-tech enterprises, taking into account two location options: near the city or power lines, and in a territory remote from it. The problem of using only one power source for such enterprises is connected to current instability in frequency and voltage changes, as well as planned or unscheduled power outages in the power transmission line network. A variant of an automated power supply system is proposed as a backup source. This includes AC power from an external network and power from a combined wind-solar installation. The study proposes schemes for the joint use of wind-solar installations and external sources for enterprises located near power lines. It further proposes a scheme for the joint use of power lines with recuperators and thermoelectric generators, in those cases when enterprises are located beyond the reach of power lines. The result of this proposal is a constant, high-quality and uninterrupted power supply to high-tech power plants at any time of the year and under any weather conditions.
METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING DAMAGE TO SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTOR OF INDUCTION MOTOR IN RUN-DOWN MODE
Authors:   Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan, Potapenko Aleksandra , Yussupova Assel , Latypov Sergey ,   Manash Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

The proposed work is intended to deepen the theoretical foundations of constructing systems for diagnos-ing damage to the squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor in run-down mode. It presents a method for diagnosing dam-age to the rods of a squirrel-cage rotor of an induction motor by means of EMF induced in the stator winding by damped currents in the squirrel-cage winding of the rotor. According to this method, the device is designed on the basis of a personal computer in which a sound card is used as an ADC, and the data is processed in specially created software. Two block diagrams of the device for diagnostics of blood pressure are presented, Information about the damage to the ro-tor is obtained from the EMF of the stator, and the start of the run-down is determined by the difference in its amplitudes or by the closure of the switch block-contacts. In the latter case, when the block-contacts of the load switch are opened, a signal is generated to measure the EMF of the stator winding and this EMF is recorded. This diagnostic system makes it quite easy to diagnose blood pressure with voltage up to 1000 V. However, the need to connect high-voltage AMs to the block-contacts for diagnostics, for example, in switchgear cells, significantly complicates the diagnostic process and so for technological reasons it cannot be used on all AMs. This can be largely avoided, if the beginning of the IM run-out mode is determined by the amplitude difference. The prototype of the rotor bar breakage diagnostics system has shown that its implementation is capable of quite efficiently detecting the rotor bar breakage in the IM run-down mode. In this case, experimental data was obtained both with the use of a computer sound card and an external certified ADC/DAC module. It was found that the measurement error with a sound card is permissible. At the same time, the cost of the entire device is low and is mainly determined by the cost of the PC and software making it affordable for almost any industrial enterprise and non-profit organizations.
Selby Community Primary School, North Yorkshire, England
Authors: Darwin Emma
Published: April 2022

Selby Community Primary School is an average-sized primary school with a
two-form entry situated a short distance from the centre of Selby in North
Yorkshire. Selby is amongst the ten percent most deprived areas in England.
It is located within the Selby North Ward, with 30% of children living in
poverty, which is higher than the national average. Selby District has the
second highest health inequality in North Yorkshire. At present, Selby
Community Primary has 335 children on roll from Nursery to Year 6 (ages two
to eleven). The school has a large majority of students from a White British
background and 23% have English as an Additional Language (EAL), mainly from
Eastern European countries. Across the whole school, 36% are currently
accessing free school meals, which is well above the national average.
Although the proportion of students who have special educational needs
and/or disabilities is average overall, the proportion that have an
Education and Health Care Plan (EHCP) is above average. The number of
students who join or leave the school part-way through their primary
education is high. The school has Healthy Schools status, the Basic Skills
Quality Mark, the Dyslexia Quality Mark, and has received the UNICEF Rights
Respecting School award along with being a Talk 4 Writing training school.
In 2016, Selby Community Primary became a designated National Support School
in recognition of our strong record in successfully providing
school-to-school support to others that have needed our help.
Bezgraniczny wzrost. Ramując na nowo relacje między ludźmi i roślinami
Authors: Modrzyk Ariel
Published: April 2022

Tekst ma formę dyskusji z pracą Magdaleny Zamorskiej zatytułowanej Z Uważnością i Troską. Feministyczne studia nad roślinami. Punktem wyjścia jest zaproponowany w nim postulat konieczności pisania nowych narracji, dzięki którym moglibyśmy postrzegać rośliny w sposób wykraczający poza traktowanie ich jako półżywnych, podatnych na manipulacje i pasywnych istot. Celem artykułu jest rozwinięcie tej opowieści w postaci dwóch narracji: o człowieku jako istocie kreatywnej, tworzącej dobre warunki dla rozwoju niektórych roślin; oraz o porządku ludzkim jako kruchym i podatnym na zaburzenie. Pierwsza z nich opisywana jest na przykładzie wszędobylskiej i nieuchronnej obecności roślin w mieście, druga wskazuje, że praktyki ciągłego odgradzania sfery kontrolowanej przez człowieka od samoistności przyrodniczej mają swoje ograniczenia i nie mogą być w pełni realizowane. Obie te historie zaproponowane są po to, aby spojrzeć na relacje ludzko-roślinne w inny sposób niż poprzez pryzmat obrazu człowieka jako destruktywnej siły wrogiej życiu i bioróżnorodności. Rośliny są dzięki temu ukazane jako nieodłączna i aktywna część życia społecznego. W podsumowaniu artykułu zaproponowano ideę  normatywną „dawania się zarastać”, która postuluje koniczność płynnego traktowania granic między tym, co ludzkie, a tym, co roślinne.
Przepisy o stosowaniu przepisów
Authors: Patryas Wojciech
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienia obecności przepisów o stosowaniu przepisów w aktach prawnych. Takie wyjaśnienie ma charakter strukturalny i nie jest wyjaśnieniem nomologiczno-dedukcyjnym. Typowy przepis o stosowaniu przepisu składa się z trzech części. Najpierw wskazuje on stosowany przepis. Następnie zawiera zwrot „stosuje się” odgrywający kluczową rolę. Na końcu wyznacza on obszar zastosowania. Lecz czasami pewne części przepisów o stosowaniu przepisów są usuwane lub ustawiane w odmiennej kolejności. W niektórych aktach prawnych szereg przepisów o stosowaniu przepisów łączy się w zbiorcze przepisy tego rodzaju. Przepisy o stosowaniu przepisów są efektem rozdrabniania norm.
Restrukturyzacja pozasądowa
Authors: Witosz Aleksander , Benduch Dorota
Published: April 2022

W artykule podjęto problematykę tzw. restrukturyzacji pozasądowej stanowiącej propozycję kolejnych usprawnień w systemie postępowań insolwencyjnych. Restrukturyzacja pozasądowa prowadzona z pominięciem etapu zatwierdzenia układu przez sąd nie jest aktualnie znana polskiemu prawu, ale została ona fakultatywnie przewidziana przez europejskiego ustawodawcę w oczekującej na implementację dyrektywie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/1023 z 20 czerwca 2019 r. w sprawie ram restrukturyzacji zapobiegawczej, umorzenia długów i zakazów prowadzenia działalności oraz w sprawie środków zwiększających skuteczność postępowań dotyczących restrukturyzacji, niewypłacalności i umorzenia długów, a także zmieniającej dyrektywę (UE) 2017/1132). Celem artykułu jest próba oceny zasadności wprowadzenia do krajowego porządku prawnego rozwiązań dotyczących restrukturyzacji pozasądowej. Przyjęto w nim tezę badawczą, że jest to narzędzie, które może pozwolić na przyspieszenie postępowań restrukturyzacyjnych, aczkolwiek istotną przeszkodą dla skutecznego wdrożenia tego mechanizmu w praktyce jest brak wzajemnego zaufania charakterystyczny dla polskich uczestników obrotu gospodarczego. Dla realizacji postawionego celu oraz weryfikacji przyjętej tezy badawczej wykorzystano metodę dogmatyczną oraz komparatystyczną. Została ponadto przeprowadzona analiza danych statystycznych dotycząca oceny kapitału społecznego w Polsce, odwołująca się do indeksu dobrobytu opracowanego przez Instytut Legatum.
Scalable robust graph embedding with Spark
Authors: Duong Chi Thang , Hoang Trung Dung , Yin Hongzhi , Weidlich Matthias , Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung , Aberer Karl
Published: April 2022

Graph embedding aims at learning a vector-based representation of vertices that incorporates the structure of the graph. This representation then enables inference of graph properties. Existing graph embedding techniques, however, do not scale well to large graphs. While several techniques to scale graph embedding using compute clusters have been proposed, they require continuous communication between the compute nodes and cannot handle node failure. We therefore propose a framework for scalable and robust graph embedding based on the MapReduce model, which can distribute any existing embedding technique. Our method splits a graph into subgraphs to learn their embeddings in isolation and subsequently reconciles the embedding spaces derived for the subgraphs. We realize this idea through a novel distributed graph decomposition algorithm. In addition, we show how to implement our framework in Spark to enable efficient learning of effective embeddings. Experimental results illustrate that our approach scales well, while largely maintaining the embedding quality.
Retrofitting GDPR compliance onto legacy databases
Authors: Agarwal Archita , George Marilyn , Jeyaraj Aaron , Schwarzkopf Malte
Published: April 2022

New privacy laws like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) require database administrators (DBAs) to identify all information related to an individual on request,
e.g.
, to return or delete it. This requires time-consuming manual labor today, particularly for legacy schemas and applications.

In this paper, we investigate what it takes to provide mostly-automated tools that assist DBAs in GDPR-compliant data extraction for legacy databases. We find that a combination of techniques is needed to realize a tool that works for the databases of real-world applications, such as web applications, which may violate strict normal forms or encode data relationships in bespoke ways. Our tool, GDPRizer, relies on foreign keys, query logs that identify implied relationships, data-driven methods, and coarse-grained annotations provided by the DBA to extract an individual's data.

In a case study with three popular web applications, GDPRizer achieves 100% precision and 96--100% recall. GDPRizer saves work compared to hand-written queries, and while manual verification of its outputs is required, GDPRizer simplifies privacy compliance.
Designing an optical filter based on subwavelength grating slot waveguide embedded with phase-change material
Authors: Moshfeghifar Shabnam , Abbasian Karim , Gilarlue Mohsen M. , Tavakoli Ghazi Jahani Mohammad A.
Published: April 2022

In the past decades, photonic integrated circuits have been considered to overcome the bandwidth limitations of electronics circuits. However, photonic devices have yet to offer the same reconfigurability and programmability available in their electronics counterpart. This challenge can be addressed by integrating phase-change materials such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) into photonic devices. We inserted a periodic arrangement of GST in a subwavelength grating (SWG) slot waveguide in order to have an optical filter with Bragg grating. The non-volatile and reversible phase-transition of GST, embedded in the silicon SWG slot waveguide, enables us to design a reconfigurable notch filter without static power consumption. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D FDTD) simulation confirms that it is possible to create a 6.1 nm blueshift at the middle of the passband only by changing and controlling the phase transition of the GST. The spectral characteristics and their dependences on the geometrical parameters are investigated. The comparison of our filter with a conventional slot waveguide clearly indicates that the SWG slot waveguide provides a larger wavelength shift upon phase-transition of GST. Moreover, the SWG structure greatly improves the extinction ratio of the notch filter.
Composition-dependent interdiffusivity matrices of ordered bcc_B2 phase in ternary Ni–Al–Ru system at 1273∼1473 K
Authors: Li Qin , Zhong Jing , Tang Ying , Deng Chunming , Zhang Lijun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, 5 Ni–Al–Ru ternary and 2 NiAl/RuAl binary equilibrium alloys were prepared, and their lattice parameters were evaluated by using the X-ray diffraction technique. The relation between the lattice parameters and Ru content satisfies Vegard’s law, confirming that a continuous single bcc_B2 phase exists between NiAl and RuAl in the ternary Ni–Al–Ru system. After that, three diffusion couples located in the bcc_B2 phase region were prepared at 1273, 1373 and 1473 K, respectively. With the presently measured concentration profiles, the composition-dependent interdiffusivity matrices along the entire diffusion paths were efficiently determined by using theHigh-throughputDetermination ofInterdiffusionCoefficients (HitDIC) software. The obtained interdiffusivities show a good agreement with the limited experimental data in the literature. Furthermore, the present results show that the addition of Ru to bcc_B2 NiAl alloys can significantly inhibit the interdiffusion rate of Ni, indicating that the bcc_B2 Ru-containing NiAl bond coats can serve as a potential diffusion barrier for Ni-based superalloy substrate.
Physical Therapists' and Physical Therapist Students' Experiences and Views on the Provision of Physical Therapy Services to People With Dementia: A Scoping Review
Authors: White Laura W. , Dawson Nicole , Saale Blair P. , Lemley Trey
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose:

Physical therapists (PTs) require specialized education and training to increase the capacity and competence of the dementia care workforce. Four areas of critical dementia workforce education and training gaps that apply to the physical therapy profession have been identified, including recruitment/retention, financing and cost of training, interprofessional education, and translation/implementation of effective dementia care. A critical step in developing effective training programs and educational curricula is to understand PTs' and PT students' experiences and views on working with people with dementia (PwD). Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to examine the extent and types of evidence that explore the experiences and views of PTs and PT students on the provision of physical therapy services to PwD.

Methods:

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, ERIC, PEDro, Web of Science, and Medline databases and sources of gray literature were searched for sources of evidence that met the inclusion criteria of the review protocol. The literature was mapped according to author, participant role, setting, publication type, study design, study aim, key findings, and dementia workforce training gaps addressed.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 552 sources of evidence were screened for eligibility, and 16 studies were selected for inclusion. Twelve studies included PTs as participants, and 5 included PT students. Included sources explored PTs' experiences, behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in working with PwD and the influence of educational, organizational, and other factors on these domains. Challenges to and strategies for delivering effective care to PwD were examined in multiple sources. The 4 areas of critical dementia workforce education and training gaps were each addressed by at least 1 of the included studies.

Conclusions:

The current body of literature identifies several gaps in both research and education that need to be addressed before our profession is truly prepared to effectively manage this challenging population of patients with specialized needs.
Activity Subspaces in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Distinguish States of the World
Authors: Maggi Silvia , Humphries Mark D.
Published: April 2022

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPfC) activity represents information about the state of the world, including present behavior, such as decisions, and the immediate past, such as short-term memory. Unknown is whether information about different states of the world are represented in the same mPfC neural population and, if so, how they are kept distinct. To address this, we analyze here mPfC population activity of male rats learning rules in a Y-maze, with self-initiated choice trials to an arm end followed by a self-paced return during the intertrial interval (ITI). We find that trial and ITI population activity from the same population fall into different low-dimensional subspaces. These subspaces encode different states of the world: multiple features of the task can be decoded from both trial and ITI activity, but the decoding axes for the same feature are roughly orthogonal between the two task phases, and the decodings are predominantly of features of the present during the trial but features of the preceding trial during the ITI. These subspace distinctions are carried forward into sleep, where population activity is preferentially reactivated in post-training sleep but differently for activity from the trial and ITI subspaces. Our results suggest that the problem of interference when representing different states of the world is solved in mPfC by population activity occupying different subspaces for the world states, which can be independently decoded by downstream targets and independently addressed by upstream inputs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTActivity in the medial prefrontal cortex plays a role in representing the current and past states of the world. We show that during a maze task, the activity of a single population in medial prefrontal cortex represents at least two different states of the world. These representations were sequential and sufficiently distinct that a downstream population could separately read out either state from that activity. Moreover, the activity representing different states is differently reactivated in sleep. Different world states can thus be represented in the same medial prefrontal cortex population but in such a way that prevents potentially catastrophic interference between them.
SIĞIR KIYMASININ BAZI KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ VE RAF ÖMRÜ ÜZERİNE Trachystemon Orientalis L. SU, METANOL VE PETROL ETER EKSTRAKTLARININ ETKİLERİ
Authors: AKSU Muhammet İrfan , DERMAN Hakan
Published: April 2022

Araştırmada, Trachystemon orientalis L.'nin (Kaldirik, Somar) sığır kıymasının raf ömrüne etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kurutulmuş Trachystemon orientalis L. yaprakları farklı solventler (petrol eter, metanol ve su) ile muamele edildikten sonra liyofilize edilmiştir. Liyofilize ekstraktlar kıymaya farklı seviyelerde (250 ppm ve 500 ppm) ilave edilmiş ve kıyma örnekleri 2±1 °C'de aerobik olarak depolanmıştır. Depolamanın 1., 24., 48. ve 72. saatlerinde örneklerin TBARS, pH ve renk özellikleri ile Pseudomonas ve Enterobactericea sayıları tespit edilmiştir. Ekstrakt ilavesi kıyma örneklerinin pH değerini artırmış (P < 0.01), lipid oksidasyonunu yavaşlatmıştır (P < 0.01). a* değeri 250 ve 500 ppm su ekstraktlı örneklerde diğer muamele gruplarına göre daha fazla korunmuştur. Kıymaya ekstrakt ilavesi Pseudomonas ve Enterobacteriaceae gelişimini engellemiştir (P < 0.01). İncelenen özellikler üzerine depolama süresinin önemli etkilerinin olduğu (P <0.01), depolama süresince bütün örneklerin TBARS değerlerinin arttığı (P <0.01), en fazla artışın ise kontrol grubu örneklerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P <0.05).
Švedų kalbos gramatika / Swedish Grammar
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Muralienė Ramunė
Published: April 2022

Švedų kalbos gramatika – mokomoji knyga, visų pirma, skirta, aukštųjų mokyklų studentams, studijuojantiems švedų kalbą. Knyga taip pat skirta visiems, kurie švedų kalbos mokosi kursuose ar savarankiškai, domisi šia kalba, ir švedų kalbos mokytojams.

Knygoje išsamiai aprašytos švedų kalbos dalių gramatinės kategorijos ir formos, jų vartosena, aptarta sakinio struktūra ir konstrukcijos, pateiktos pagrindinės skyrybos taisyklės, pabaigoje pridėtas dažniausių netaisyklingųjų veiksmažodžių sąrašas ir rodyklė. Gramatika gausiai iliustruota švedų kalbos vartosenos pavyzdžiais, jie išversti į lietuvių kalbą. Knygoje daug lentelių ir schemų, skirtų mokymui(si) palengvinti.

Swedish grammar is a study book, that is primarilly intended for Lithuanian students of higher education who are studying the Swedish language. The book is also intended for anyone who learns Swedish independently, in a course, or is interested in the language, as well as teachers of Swedish.

The book provides a detailed description of the structure of Swedish – word classes, forms of inflection and usage, sentence structure and constructions, as well as essential punctuation rules, and a list of the most common irregular verbs. The book incorporates a large number of Swedish usage examples with translation into Lithuanian, a detailed contents list, many tables for extra clarity and a detailed index.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF DUAL-PURPOSE AND HEAVY JAPANESE QUAILS
Authors: Lukanov H.
Published: April 2022

There are three main types of domestic quails – light type (egg-laying), intermediate heavy (combined or dual-purpose), and heavy (meat-type). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growing performance and slaughter traits of fattening quails from the dual-purpose and heavy production types. Three groups were formed – group A (dual-purpose), group D (heavy type, origin: Germany), and group M (heavy type, origin: Bulgaria). After quails sexing on the 16th day of age, there were formed six subgroups: Am, Af, Dm, Df, Mm, and Mf. The fattening period lasted until 35 days of age. The highest live weight at the end of fattening was found out in group M and the lowest – in group А, 207.1±2.98 g and 169.9±1.78 g respectively (P<0.001). The most efficient feed conversion ratio was noted in group D (3.55), and the poorest in the light dual-purpose type А (3.84). The highest survival rate was detected in group М (96.6%), and the lowest one – in the light type, group А (94.2%). Carcass weight tended to be higher in females than in males from all groups. The highest relative share of breast meat was demonstrated in group М: 26.83±0.42% and 26.54±0.2% in male and female birds, respectively (P<0.01). Valuable meat of the carcass of dual-purpose and meat types quails varied from 66.3 to 68.5% on average. The experimental results showed that the productive type of domestic quails has a strong influence on their meat production performance and should be taken into consideration in research studies in this field of poultry science.
The evolution of VET systems as a combination of economic, social and educational aims. The case of Swiss VET
Authors: Bonoli Lorenzo , Gonon Philipp
Published: April 2022

Vocational education and training (VET) systems around the world serve many aims, the most important of which can be grouped into three main aims: economic, social and educational aims. These different aims find their roots in different socio-cultural and economic contexts and their importance in the functioning of the systems evolves according to the times. Our contribution proposes a reflection on the centrality of the notion of aims in order to better understand and describe the functioning of VET systems. By adopting an exploratory approach based on discourse analysis, we will show the interest in using this notion to build a theoretical framework that facilitates international comparisons between VET systems and also the description of their evolution from the past to the future. To exemplify the relevance of this exploratory approach, the contribution will propose a description of the evolution of the Swiss VET system from 1880 up to 2030, based on the articulation of economic, social and educational aims.
QUANDO GÊNERO E APRENDIZAGEM DE CIÊNCIAS SE ENCONTRAM: UMA ANÁLISE DE AULAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Franco Luiz Gustavo , Munford Danusa
Published: April 2022

A temática do gênero assumiu um lugar central nas discussões no campo da educação. Neste artigo, discutimos relações de gênero no contexto específico do campo da Educação em Ciências da Natureza, uma área que tem se dedicado, de modo crescente, ao estudo de relações de gênero. Apesar de avanços no campo, ainda são escassos os estudos que relacionam gênero à aprendizagem de conceitos científicos no cotidiano da sala de aula. No presente estudo, exploramos interações discursivas em uma turma do 1° ano Ensino Fundamental com o objetivo de analisar o papel do gênero na construção de oportunidades de aprendizagem de ciências. Para isso, nos apoiamos em propostas teóricas de Butler sobre gênero, e orientamos as análises a partir da Etnografia em Educação como lógica de pesquisa. As aulas analisadas indicam que conhecimentos conceituais de ciências estavam articulados a processos de reiteração/contestação da norma de gênero. Tais negociações exerceram um papel central na aprendizagem sobre a biologia de um inseto, em particular, sobre dimorfismo sexual. O estudo se une a outras pesquisas que apontam a relevância das discussões sobre gênero na educação, incluindo a disciplina escolar Ciências e seus conceitos.
#MeToo and the Northern Ireland Troubles: Anna Burns' Milkman
Authors: McGuire Matt
Published: April 2022

This article examines the relationship between Anna Burns’ Milkman (2018) and the gender politics of the #MeToo movement. It argues that reading Milkman in light of #MeToo helps us understand the book’s depiction of sexual violence and illuminates an important, hidden history of the Northern Irish conflict. Drawing on a range of feminist scholars, it situates Milkman within a series of broader debates about the ‘cultural scaffolding’ of sexual violence and the historically masculinist logic of Irish nationalism. The article concludes by situating Milkman within a predominant thematic strain in recent Irish fiction; namely, the ‘retrospective mood’ whereby authors have sought to revisit the past and re-examine its legacies for the precarious peace of the present.