bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody Response to Live Attenuated Vaccines in Adults in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Taku , Uchiyama-Nakamura Fukumi , Sugata-Tsubaki Aiko , Yamada Yutaka , Uno Kenji , Kasahara Kei , Maeda Koichi , Konishi Mitsuru , Mikasa Keiichi
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy rendered with a single dose of live attenuated measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella containing vaccine.

We inoculated healthcare workers (HCWs) with a single dose of vaccine to a disease lacking in antibody titer for those not meeting the criteria of our hospital (measles: <16.0 (IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA)), rubella: ≤1:32 (hemagglutination-inhibition), mumps: <4.0 (IgG EIA), and varicella: <4.0 (IgG EIA)). At 28–60 days after vaccination, the antibody titer was tested again.

We included 48 HCWs. A total of 32, 15, 31, and 10 individuals were inoculated with a single dose of measles-containing, rubella-containing, mumps, or varicella vaccine, respectively, and showed significant antibody elevation (9.2 ± 12.3 to 27.6 ± 215.6, p<0.001; 8 ± 1.2 to 32 ± 65.5, p<0.001; 3.0 ± 1.0 to 13.1 ± 8.6, p<0.05; and 2.6 ± 1.3 to 11.8 ± 8.1, p<0.001, respectively). Major side effects were not observed.

In a limited population, a single dose of live attenuated vaccine showed elevation of antibody titer without any severe adverse reactions. However, whether the post-vaccination response rate criteria of our university was fulfilled could not be determined owing to limited sample size.
Structure and properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic acid)-α-cyclodextrin inclusion compound composites
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhen Weijun , Zhou Yufang
Published: December 2016

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was synthesized using a green catalyst, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO). The optimum synthesis conditions of PLA were as follows: a stoichiometric amount of 0.5 wt% of nano-ZnO, polymerization time of 14 h, and polymerization temperature of 170°C. Gel permeation chromatography results showed that the weight-average molecular weight (M
w) of PLA was 13,072 g/mol with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.7. Furthermore, PLA-α-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds (PLA-CD-ICs) were prepared by ultrasonic co-precipitation techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the change in lattice of α-CD from a cage configuration to a tunnel structure and the existence of some physical interactions between α-CD and PLA in the PLA-CD-ICs. To enhance the crystallization properties of PLA, PLA/PLA-CD-IC composites were blended with different contents of PLA-CD-ICs as nucleating agents. The crystallization behavior and comprehensive performance were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to PLA, the crystallinities of PLA/PLA-CD-IC composites were increased by 24.0%, 26.3%, 27.3%, and 31.8%. The results of all the analyses proved that PLA-CD-ICs were useful as green organic nucleators and improved the comprehensive performance of PLA materials.
Environmental PAH exposure and male idiopathic infertility: a review on early life exposures and adult diagnosis
Authors: Madeen Erin P. , Williams David E.
Published: December 2016

The male reproductive system is acutely and uniquely sensitive to a variety of toxicities, including those induced by environmental pollutants throughout the lifespan. Early life hormonal and morphological development results in several especially sensitive critical windows of toxicity risk associated with lifelong decreased reproductive health and fitness. Male factor infertility can account for over 40% of infertility in couples seeking treatment, and 44% of infertile men are diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility. Human environmental exposures are poorly understood due to limited available data. The latency between maternal and in utero exposure and a diagnosis in adulthood complicates the correlation between environmental exposures and infertility. The results from this review include recommendations for more and region specific monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, longitudinal and clinical cohort considerations of exposure normalization, gene-environment interactions, in utero exposure studies, and controlled mechanistic animal experiments. Additionally, it is recommended that detailed semen analysis and male fertility data be included as endpoints in environmental exposure cohort studies due to the sensitivity of the male reproductive system to environmental pollutants, including PAHs.
Mixed-phase TiO2 photocatalysis: correlation between phase composition and photodecomposition of water pollutants
Authors: Bagheri Samira , Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili Muhd
Published: December 2016

In most cases, the combination of both anatase (up to 80%) and rutile (up to 20%) structures in a mixed-phase TiO2 semiconductor results in a better photocatalytic performance compared to the pure phase. The improvement from anatase to rutile is brought about by the enhanced transportation of photogenerated electrons. This consequently results in improved efficiency of the photoelectric and photocurrent conversion. This review highlights the effects of the morphology, particle size, and crystal structure of mixed-phase TiO2 toward the photodegradation of water pollutants. It was demonstrated that the synergistic effect between anatase and rutile TiO2 due to the interfacial electron transfer from rutile to anatase improved the photocurrent as well as the overall conversion efficiency of the anatase photoanodes. The morphologies of mixed-phase TiO2 also contributed to the final photodegradation properties. The charge and electron transfer of mixed-phase TiO2 improved the 1D structure. This consequently enables photodegradation at the visible light range.
La Succession
Authors: Hammad Manar
Published: December 2016

En sémiotique, la cession commerciale est un transfert symétrique d'objets équi-valents, mais la transmission successorale, qui est une forme majeure de circulation des biens dans l'espace social, n'a pas été décrite. Nous proposons de la décrire dans la tradition narrative mise en place par Greimas. Le domaine a été étudié par des anthropologues, des sociologues, des juristes et des historiens. Le point de vue sémiotique est susceptible de fournir une perspective unifiée, rendant comparables des données qui apparaissent hétérogènes tant qu'elles restent attribuées à des disciplines distinctes.

L’analyse des expressions verbales françaises et arabes dégage les notions de succession de deux sujets et d'objet transmis, alors que la langue grecque focalise sur les notions de partage et de loi. L'examen de processus non verbaux exige un modèle syntaxique différenciant sujet antérieur et sujet ultérieur, concaténés en chaines linéaires par le discours généalogique qui réarticule le monde entre vivants et morts. Par les pratiques funéraires, les ultérieurs transforment matériellement et symboliquement les antérieurs, faisant évoluer ces derniers après leur décès, ce qui les place en position de sujet d'état, non de sujet de faire.

Quatre programmes narratifs ont été reconnus, la succession résultant de leur croisement. Le Destinateur social détermine le lignage et la famille, comme il détermine ce qui est dévolu et les formes du partage. Le sujet antérieur n'est sujet que parce qu'il fut conjoint avec l'objet de valeur héritage: avant de devenir sujet antérieur, il a été sujet sucesseur. L'objet de valeur héritage transite entre un sujet antérieur et un sujet successeur. Les formes de ce transit révèlent son caractère conditionnel et modal. Le sujet successeur est un actant décomposable en plusieurs acteurs, la transmission le place initialement en situation contractuelle, à laquelle succède une situation polémique résultant du caractère partitif de l'actant héritier.
Spiritualität konfessionsloser Psychiatriepatienten
Authors: Kaiser Peter
Published: December 2016

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Religiosität bzw. Spiritualität von sogenannten konfessionslosen Menschen im Allgemeinen und Psychiatriepatienten im Besonderen. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass es den bezüglich des religiösen/spirituellen Glaubens (oder Atheismus) universellen Konfessionslosen nicht gibt. Konfessionslosigkeit wird definiert und in Bezug zur klinischen Seelsorge resp. Spiritual Care gesetzt. Im klinisch-psychiatrischen Setting scheint nicht jede Krise nach religiösen/spirituellen Antworten zu rufen. Beispiele aus Deutschland und internationalen Krisengebieten betonen die Bedeutung von Religion für Gläubige. Dies soll aber nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass die Datenlage gerade bei Konfessionslosen mangelhaft ist, und somit möglichen religiösen/spirituellen Ressourcen dieser (heterogenen) Gruppe entweder noch nicht ausreichend Beachtung geschenkt wird oder diese überschätzt werden.
Hydrogenium-bis-hydrogensulfate anions adjacent to [S2O7]2− in Rb3[S2O7][H(HSO4)2]: a structural evidence of the increasing acidity of polysulfuric acids with growing chain length
Authors: Schindler Lisa Verena , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: December 2016

Rb3[H(HSO4)2][S2O7] (monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a=1638.75(6), b=768.52(3), c=1187.88(4) pm, β=106.805(2)°, V=1432.14(9)·106 pm, Z=4) was obtained from the reaction of Rb2[CO3] (99.9%, not dried, 150 mg, 0.6 mmol) with neat SO3 in a torch-sealed glass ampoule. The remaining quantity of water in the starting material was obviously sufficient to lead to an H-containing substance. The structure shows the unprotonated disulfate anion [S2O7]2− adjacent to the hydrogenium-bis-hydrogensulfate anion [H(HSO4)2]− with the central hydrogen atom located close to a center of inversion.
Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury: Temporal Changes in Body Fluids
Authors: Adrian Harel , Mårten Kvist , Salla Nuutinen , Lasse Välimaa
Published: December 2016

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are caused by a hit to the head or a sudden acceleration/deceleration movement of the head. Mild TBIs (mTBIs) and concussions are difficult to diagnose. Imaging techniques often fail to find alterations in the brain, and computed tomography exposes the patient to radiation. Brain-specific biomolecules that are released upon cellular damage serve as another means of diagnosing TBI and assessing the severity of injury. These biomarkers can be detected from samples of body fluids using laboratory tests. Dozens of TBI biomarkers have been studied, and research related to them is increasing. We reviewed the recent literature and selected 12 biomarkers relevant to rapid and accurate diagnostics of TBI for further evaluation. The objective was especially to get a view of the temporal profiles of the biomarkers’ rise and decline after a TBI event. Most biomarkers are rapidly elevated after injury, and they serve as diagnostics tools for some days. Some biomarkers are elevated for months after injury, although the literature on long-term biomarkers is scarce. Clinical utilization of TBI biomarkers is still at a very early phase despite years of active research.
Global analysis of regulatory divergence in the evolution of mouse alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Xiao Mei‐Sheng , Zhang Bin , Li Yi‐Sheng , Gao Qingsong , Sun Wei , Chen Wei
Published: December 2016

Alternative polyadenylation (APA), which is regulated by both cis‐elements and trans‐factors, plays an important role in post‐transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. However, comparing to the extensively studied transcription and alternative splicing, the extent of APA divergence during evolution and the relative cis‐ and trans‐contribution remain largely unexplored. To directly address these questions for the first time in mammals, by using deep sequencing‐based methods, we measured APA divergence between C57BL/6J and SPRET/EiJ mouse strains as well as allele‐specific APA pattern in their F1 hybrids. Among the 24,721 polyadenylation sites (pAs) from 7,271 genes expressing multiple pAs, we identified 3,747 pAs showing significant divergence between the two strains. After integrating the allele‐specific data from F1 hybrids, we demonstrated that these events could be predominately attributed to cis‐regulatory effects. Further systematic sequence analysis of the regions in proximity to cis‐divergent pAs revealed that the local RNA secondary structure and a poly(U) tract in the upstream region could negatively modulate the pAs usage.
Innovative Processes in Education: Scientific Approaches
Authors: Marynovska Oksana
Published: December 2016

The article analyzes the scientific approaches that define the directions of innovativedevelopment of education in Ukraine
Infoethics – a New Trend in the Science
Authors: Wyrostkiewicz Michał
Published: December 2016

Infoethics is a concept that arises at the interface between normative science, cognitionand communication sciences and media sciences. It is a complete novelty. The conducted researchrecognizes it among many scientific concepts and finds its proper place and creates foundations ofits research methodology
Formation of Students’ Socio-Cultural and Lingual Competence at Foreign Language Lessons in Primary School
Authors: Blyznyuk Tetyana
Published: December 2016

The article identifies the problem of formation of socio-cultural and lingual competenceof primary school students at foreign language lessons (namely English). The author analyzed theconcept of “socio-cultural” and “lingual” competence and their theoretical-methodicalcomponents. The essence of the socio-cultural competence is highlighted throughinternationalization of all aspects of social life and its importance for socialization of modernstudents and their preparation for intercultural communication. The researcher consideredelements of verbal and non verbal communicative behavior of students. The paper presented waysand means of attracting students to get acquainted with the culture of the countries whoselanguage they study. The methodological bases of the usage of the country and language skills andknowledge are actualized by using a particular content
The Mental Space of Game in “Our Mother is an Enchantress” by Joanna Papuzińska
Authors: Derkachova Olga
Published: December 2016

The article is devoted to the mental space of game in polish fairy tale Our Mother is anEnchantress by Joanna Papuzinska. Modeled reality in Papuzińska’s book has a double-levelstructure consisting of the real world and fairy world, where children get involved with the help oftheir mother’s game. The plot of the tale is shaped by an imaginary act of creating a special mentalspace of game
Cooperation Between Kinesin Motors Promotes Spindle Symmetry and Chromosome Organization in Oocytes
Authors: Radford Sarah J , Go Allysa Marie M , McKim Kim S
Published: December 2016

The oocyte spindle in most animal species is assembled in the absence of the microtubule-organizing centers called centrosomes. Without the organization provided by centrosomes, acentrosomal meiotic spindle organization may rely heavily on the bundling of microtubules by kinesin motor proteins. Indeed, the minus-end directed kinesin-14 NCD, and the plus-end directed kinesin-6 Subito are known to be required for oocyte spindle organization in Drosophila melanogaster. How multiple microtubule-bundling kinesins interact to produce a functional acentrosomal spindle is not known. In addition, there have been few studies on the meiotic function of one of the most important microtubule-bundlers in mitotic cells, the kinesin-5 KLP61F. We have found that the kinesin-5 KLP61F is required for spindle and centromere symmetry in oocytes. The asymmetry observed in the absence of KLP61F depends on NCD, the kinesin-12 KLP54D, and the microcephaly protein ASP. In contrast, KLP61F and Subito work together in maintaining a bipolar spindle. We propose that the prominent central spindle, stabilized by Subito, provides the framework for the coordination of multiple microtubule-bundling activities. The activities of several proteins, including NCD, KLP54D, and ASP, generate asymmetries within the acentrosomal spindle, while KLP61F and Subito balance these forces, resulting in the capacity to accurately segregate chromosomes.
H2O2-Sensitive Isoforms of Drosophila melanogaster TRPA1 Act in Bitter-Sensing Gustatory Neurons to Promote Avoidance of UV During Egg-Laying
Authors: Guntur Ananya R , Gou Bin , Gu Pengyu , He Ruo , Stern Ulrich , Xiang Yang , Yang Chung-Hui
Published: December 2016

The evolutionarily conserved TRPA1 channel can sense various stimuli including temperatures and chemical irritants. Recent results have suggested that specific isoforms of Drosophila TRPA1 (dTRPA1) are UV-sensitive and that their UV sensitivity is due to H2O2 sensitivity. However, whether such UV sensitivity served any physiological purposes in animal behavior was unclear. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2-sensitive dTRPA1 isoforms promote avoidance of UV when adult Drosophila females are selecting sites for egg-laying. First, we show that blind/visionless females are still capable of sensing and avoiding UV during egg-laying when intensity of UV is high yet within the range of natural sunlight. Second, we show that such vision-independent UV avoidance is mediated by a group of bitter-sensing neurons on the proboscis that express H2O2-sensitive dTRPA1 isoforms. We show that these bitter-sensing neurons exhibit dTRPA1-dependent UV sensitivity. Importantly, inhibiting activities of these bitter-sensing neurons, reducing their dTRPA1 expression, or reducing their H2O2-sensitivity all significantly reduced blind females’ UV avoidance, whereas selectively restoring a H2O2-sensitive isoform of dTRPA1 in these neurons restored UV avoidance. Lastly, we show that specifically expressing the red-shifted channelrhodopsin CsChrimson in these bitter-sensing neurons promotes egg-laying avoidance of red light, an otherwise neutral cue for egg-laying females. Together, these results demonstrate a physiological role of the UV-sensitive dTRPA1 isoforms, reveal that adult Drosophila possess at least two sensory systems for detecting UV, and uncover an unexpected role of bitter-sensing taste neurons in UV sensing.
A Previously Healthy Adolescent With Acute Encephalopathy and Decorticate Posturing
Authors: Kawai Yu , DeMonbrun Andrea G. , Chambers Rebecca S. , Nolan Danielle A. , Dolcourt Bram A. , Malas Nasuh M. , Quasney Michael W.
Published: December 2016

A 14-year-old previously healthy female was transferred from a local emergency department after being found unresponsive at home. Parental questioning revealed she had fever and pharyngitis 2 weeks before presentation. Past mental health history was negative, including concern for past or present suicidal ideation/attempts, suspected substance use, or toxic ingestion. In the emergency department, she was orotracheally intubated due to a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3. She was hemodynamically stable and euglycemic. Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia. She underwent a noncontrast head computed tomography that was normal and subsequently underwent a lumbar puncture. She had a seizure and was given a loading dose of diazepam and fosphenytoin that led to cessation of extremity movements. She was subsequently transferred to the PICU for additional evaluation. Initial examination without sedation or analgesia demonstrated dilated and minimally responsive pupils, intermittent decorticate posturing, and bilateral lower extremity rigidity and clonus, consistent with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 5. Serum studies were unremarkable with the exception of mild leukocytosis. Chest radiograph only showed atelectasis. She was empirically started on antibiotics to cover for meningitis pending final cerebral spinal fluid test results. The pediatric neurology team was consulted for EEG monitoring, and the patient was eventually sent for computed tomography angiogram and magnetic resonance angiogram/venogram. We will review diagnostic evaluation and management of an adolescent patient with acute encephalopathy with decorticate posturing of unclear etiology.
A relação entre língua/linguagem e cultura em Benveniste: uma contribuição para as ciências humanas
Authors: Neumann Daiane , Rosário Heloisa Monteiro
Published: December 2016

Neste trabalho, discutimos a relação entre língua/linguagem e cultura na obra de Benveniste a fim de considerar a contribuição do linguista para as ciências humanas. Em um primeiro momento, refletimos acerca da relação entre língua/linguagem e homem, sociedade e cultura, sobretudo partindo dos debates propostos nos Problemas de linguística geral I e II. Em seguida, analisamos especificamente como se constrói a relação entre língua/linguagem e cultura em textos em que o linguista apresenta análises linguísticas. Para isso, selecionamos o texto “Religião e superstição”, publicado no Vocabulário das instituições indo-europeias II, e o texto “A noção de ‘ritmo’ em sua expressão linguística”, publicado em Problemas de linguística geral I. Ao final da pesquisa, propomos uma contribuição da obra de Benveniste para as ciências humanas.
O texto esquizofrênico: uma leitura de Wittgenstein’s Mistress
Authors: Tomm Davi Alexandre
Published: December 2016

No livro do escritor norte-americano David Markson, Wittgenstein’s Mistress (1988), a narradora é uma mulher que se diz a última pessoa no mundo. Sozinha em uma casa, sentada à frente da máquina de escrever, ela conta suas memórias antes e depois de estar sozinha, misturando imaginação e lembranças com interpretações de diversas obras de arte e literatura da nossa cultura. Sem dar nenhuma pista ou prova de sua situação, a narradora constantemente se engaja em reflexões e equívocos que refletem os problemas tratados pelo filósofo Wittgenstein, quanto à linguagem, à natureza do conhecimento e à relação entre realidade e linguagem. Enredada em uma complexa rede de intertextualidade, Kate só tem a linguagem para estabelecer sua relação com uma possível exterioridade, para romper com um quase solipsismo e poder traçar uma relação, por mais efêmera que seja, entre o seu mundo interior e o mundo exterior. Sendo assim, ela apresenta traços de uma esquizofrenia que o autor Louis A. Sass compara justamente com os erros cometidos pelos filósofos que se envolvem em uma busca metafísica que Wittgenstein chamou de “doenças do intelecto”. Entre esses traços estão a exacerbação da própria experiência subjetiva, uma paradoxal oscilação entre um mundo interior e um mundo compartilhado e uma percepção perplexa do self como tudo e como nada ao mesmo tempo. Este trabalho pretende investigar tais traços na escrita dessa narradora, através do estudo de Sass e da filosofia de Wittgenstein, mostrando tanto a forma solipsista quanto esquizofrênica do seu texto.
A literatura brasileira em tradução: o caso do Programa de Apoio à Tradução e à Publicação de Autores Brasileiros no Exterior
Authors: Feres Lilia Baranski , Brisolara Valéria Silveira
Published: December 2016

O processo tradutório configura-se por ser uma atividade que ocorre entre fronteiras, sendo a literatura brasileira inerentemente transnacional e transcultural. Entretanto, embora o português seja a sexta língua mais falada no globo, não faz parte das línguas mais traduzidas para o inglês. Ademais, aproximadamente 60% das publicações brasileiras são traduções, sendo a maioria (cerca de 75%) oriunda do inglês. Assim, o tradutor é imprescindível como porta-voz, conectando o Brasil ao mercado editorial mundial. Um maior interesse internacional na literatura brasileira pode ser observado pela culminância de eventos hodiernos: o lançamento, pelo governo federal, do Programa de Apoio à Tradução e à Publicação de Autores Brasileiros no Exterior, do Programa de Internacionalização do Livro e da Literatura Brasileira, a inserção do Brasil nas agendas culturais de âmbito literário e a publicação da versão em inglês da revista Granta em 2012 intitulada The best of young Brazilian novelists. Essas ações, que investem na tradução e na publicação de obras brasileiras nos Estados Unidos, no Reino Unido e nos demais países, vêm ao encontro dessa parca participação do Brasil no mercado literário mundial, surgindo como uma resposta a essa escassez. Partindo da leitura e análise de referencial teórico (HALL, 1995, 1997; MELLO, 2012; MELLO e VOLLET, 2000, etc.) e da revista literária Granta, este trabalho tem o intuito de refletir e discutir acerca da atual situação da literatura brasileira, no tocante às traduções e publicações de obras brasileiras através da concessão de auxílio por meio dos editais do Programa de Apoio à Tradução e à Publicação de Autores Brasileiros no Exterior, considerando a função que a tradução desempenha no reposicionamento da literatura brasileira no contexto global e o papel da revista Granta como ferramenta de autoridade nessa dinâmica.
Habilidade metalinguística pragmática em crianças em idade escolar
Authors: Gonçalves Talita Dos Santos
Published: December 2016

Este estudo encontra-se no espaço de interação entre estudos da Psicolinguística, no que diz respeito à consciência metalinguística pragmática; e em estudos da Pragmática Inferencial, no que tange à compreensão do dêitico ‘aqui’ e de um ato de fala ilocutório/perlocutório direto. O objetivo foi traçar uma reflexão sobre o comportamento metalinguístico pragmático de crianças em idade escolar em relação à compreensão de uma promessa em tom de ameaça e um mecanismo de localização espacial do diálogo. Essa habilidade metalinguística consiste na capacidade de o indivíduo refletir sobre os aspectos contextuais que determinam o uso da língua, bem como de manipular informações advindas dessa relação (GOMBERT, 1992). Por exemplo, para compreender um ato de fala, os falantes se apoiam tanto em informações linguísticas quanto no contexto onde a interação verbal ocorre. O ato de fala ilocucionário (AUSTIN, 1962; SEARLE, 1979, 1981) é um exemplo dessa relação, já que o contexto e as informações linguísticas determinam/desencadeiam a realização de uma ação. Além desse exemplo, o uso de dêixis de lugar (LEVINSON, 2007) indica a localização onde ocorre a interação verbal, permitindo observar a relação entre o enunciado e o contexto de onde se fala. Os participantes da pesquisa são oito crianças entre sete e dez anos de idade, alunos de uma escola municipal da cidade de Jaguarão/RS. Como instrumento, foi aplicada uma tarefa contendo duas situações interativas, adaptadas de uma investigação sobre o processamento inferencial e a compreensão de implícitos (FLÔRES et al., 2013). A maioria dos participantes foi ineficiente na apreensão das informações contextuais, principalmente do ato de fala de promessa. Em relação à compreensão do dêitico ‘aqui’, os participantes utilizaram as informações contextuais para justificar suas escolhas. De um modo geral, este trabalho, pretende auxiliar nas eflexões sobre as habilidades metalinguísticas em crianças e também contribuir com discussões no campo da Pragmática.
Clínica da voz: reflexões sobre a formação do alunado
Authors: Cronemberger Flávia Fialho
Published: December 2016

Na história acadêmico-científica da Fonoaudiologia na área da clínica da voz, destacam-se três diferentes concepções teóricas: um viés mais organicista, uma perspectiva mais psicanalítica e a clínica compreendida pela filosofia bakhtiniana. Analisando trabalhos publicados em periódicos nacionais, constata-se o predomínio de uma memória sócio-organicista no horizonte fonoaudiológico na área da clínica da voz. Questiona-se a partir de quais concepções teóricas, nos dias atuais, os professores que ministram as disciplinas em voz podem estar trabalhando. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste artigo é apresentar aspectos constituintes do processo de formação de um aluno de graduação em Fonoaudiologia ocorridos em um estágio supervisionado na área da clínica da voz. A pesquisa é um recorte de um estudo maior em que se observaram integrantes de um estágio supervisionado na área de voz, durante um semestre letivo, produzindo enunciados em diferentes situações concretas de discurso. Foram filmadas supervisões, atendimentos clínicos e realizadas entrevistas com um grupo de alunas, uma professora e duas pacientes que compuseram um estágio supervisionado em uma instituição de ensino superior. Das gravações e observações realizadas, foram analisados alguns enunciados de uma professora, uma aluna e uma paciente. Observou-se que a estudante, ao compreender a clínica envolvida por uma abordagem com tendências mais organicistas e ao observar o sujeito de forma fragmentada, não em sua complexidade constitutiva, pouco valorizou a escuta das vozes da paciente no processo terapêutico. Pondera-se que a abordagem enunciativa-discursiva bakhtiniana, quando incorporada à formação do aluno, pode ajudá-lo a compreender mais as singularidades e complexidades que envolvem cada processo terapêutico, contribuindo para a realização de atendimentos clínicos e supervisões mais efetivas.
Alkoholfüggők hozzátartozóinak pszichológiai tapasztalatai és megküzdési stílusuk. Áttekintő tanulmány
Authors: Horváth Zsolt , Urbán Róbert
Published: December 2016

Áttekintő tanulmányunk az alkoholhasználati zavart mutató személyek hozzátartozóinak pszichológiai problémáit vizsgálja meg. Az alkoholfüggők hozzátartozóinak pszichológiai tapasztalatait vizsgáló korai megközelítések szerint a szerhasználati problémákat mutató személyek közeli hozzátartozói vagy partnerei esetében feltárhatóak személyiség patológiák. Ezzel szemben, a stessz–feszültség–megküzdés–támogatás modell érvelése szerint a problémás italozást mutató egyénnel együtt élő szülők és partnerek valójában a család életében tapasztalható stressz elszenvedői és áldozatai. Az átélt stressz általában összefügg a családtag problémás italozási vagy drogfogyasztási viselkedésével, ami a család rendellenes működéséhez, a hozzátartozók körében megjelenő pszichés tünetekhez vezethet. A korábbi kutatási eredmények szerint az érintett személyek kellemetlennek ítélik meg a problémás szerhasználóval való együttélést, illetve az élet számos területén megterhelő eseményekkel kell szembesülniük. Az összefoglaló tanulmányban ismertetjük (1) az alkoholfüggő partnerrel való együttélésből származó problémákat bemutató, különböző elméleti megközelítéseket, (2) a hozzátartozók megküzdési stratégiáit a jóllétük vonatkozásában, illetve (3) azokat a bizonyítékokon alapuló pszichoterápiás megközelítéseket, melyek a család támogatása érdekében alkalmazhatóak, hogy sikeresebben küzdjenek meg a körülményekkel.
Twelve tips to promote excellence in ethical review: translation and adaptation of e-learning in research ethics
Authors: Gontijo Pollyana , Guilhem Dirce , Sprumont Dominique , Greco Dirceu
Published: December 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Usage of and investment in e-learning has also grown in the field of research ethics. There are currently several distance capacity building programs on this theme, although few are translated to the language and adapted to the legislation of countries with less resources to implement local training. Translating and adapting an already existing e-learning is a more accessible strategy, since it makes use of an already existing online platform and capacity building strategies that were previously tested and are recognized in the scientific community and society in general. This training needs to be adapted to local needs and there must be guidelines for the translation and adaptation stages of the distance education programs for ethics in research involving human beings. In this article, we put forward 12 steps for the translation and adaptation of e-learning on research ethics, based on our experience of implementing the Brazilian version of TRREE e-learning.
A proposal for a grading and ranking method as the first step toward developing a scoring system to measure the value and impact of viewership of online material in medical education - going beyond “clicks” and views toward learning
Authors: Goh Poh Sun
Published: December 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. This article will briefly examine the topic of the utility and value of "data analytics" (DA), often freely available, showing (potentially real-time) viewership data collected from websites (for example an online journal article), to propose a grading and ranking method as the first step toward eventually developing a scoring system to measure the value and impact of online viewership in medical education.
The power of enthusiasm in collaborative innovation: a case study of the power of individual action in the establishment of a local medical centre in Norway
Authors: Magnussen Siv
Published: December 2016

The aim of this article is to address a much-neglected aspect of collaborative innovational analysis: the power of individual action in the conversion of innovative ideas to local practice. The theoretical framework for the empirical analysis comes from the existing literature on power, collaborative innovation, and public-sector entrepreneurs. On the basis of an in-depth single-case study, this article highlights how one enthusiastic person can acquire a power base that is strong enough to realize her innovational efforts. Overall, this article emphasizes that collaborative innovation can create opportunities for single individuals who have the will and the energy required to innovate. Moreover, it illustrates that the power of such enthusiastic individuals is an important driving force in innovational processes.
Marvell’s Mower Poems as Alternative Literary History
Authors: Boyd Bradford
Published: December 2016

Students of English pastoral—Raymond Williams, Frank Kermode, Helen Cooper, Sukanta Chaudhuri—have long assumed that the mode withers after the death of Marvell. This is mistaken; in fact, it flourishes in Restoration and Georgian Britain as mock-pastoral. Marvell, followed by Rochester, Swift, John Gay, Mary Wortley Montagu, and others, grafts Greco-Roman pastoral’s ironic, satiric energies back onto soft, “arcadian” English pastoral, restoring the mode’s premodern balance of buffo/serio, preeminently in the Mower poems. He recasts the farcical Polyphemus of Ovid’s Metamorphoses (the archetypal pastoral lover in Theocritus’s Idylls and Virgil’s Eclogues) as Damon the Mower, whose “polyphemic” plaints are at once poignant and comical. The pathos is not in the Mower’s erotic frustrations, however, but in his dispossession by changes to land tenure and agriculture after civil war (reactivating, again, Theocritus and Virgil, especially Eclogues 1 and 9). Marvell and his mock-pastoral inheritors, then, represent not the end of pastoral but its renewal.
Adherencia a la medicación antipsicótica en pacientes indígenas con esquizofrenia
Authors: Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra ,   Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile., Urzúa-M Alfonso , Miranda-Castillo Claudia , Irarrázaval Matías ,   Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile.,   Instituto de Sociología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,   Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile.,   Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, Santiago, Chile.
Published: December 2016

Resumen

Introducción. La falta de adherencia a la medicación antipsicótica sigue siendo un problema en el tratamiento de pacientes con esquizofrenia, más aún en población indígena.

Objetivo. Evaluar las diferencias en la adherencia farmacológica, medida a través de la actitud hacia los antipsicóticos, entre pacientes aymara y no-aymara con esquizofrenia.

Método. La muestra estuvo compuesta por pacientes que recibían tratamiento en los Servicios Públicos de Salud Mental de Bolivia (32.8%), Perú (33.6%) y Chile (33.6%). Se utilizó el Inventario de Actitud hacia la Medicación (DAI-10); la Escala Barnes de Acatisia (EBA) como medida de efectos secundarios y la Escala para el Síndrome Positivo y Negativo de la Esquizofrenia (PANSS) para evaluar la severidad del trastorno.

Resultados. Los pacientes aymara presentan una menor adherencia que los pacientes no-aymara, sin embargo, estas diferencias no fueron significativas (t = 1.29; p = 0.19). La severidad del trastorno y la edad mostraron una asociación significativa con la adherencia, observándose que pacientes más jóvenes y con mayor sintomatología presentan una actitud más negativa hacia los fármacos.

Discusión y conclusión. Se discute cómo las dinámicas migratorias han promovido la pérdida de tradiciones y costumbres propias de la etnia promoviendo la adopción de estilos de vida nuevos y cada vez más interculturales, e incluso cambiando su concepción de la enfermedad mental.

Los profesionales tratantes deben estar conscientes de no aplicar estereotipos en cuanto a la relación etnia-antipsicóticos.
Las enzimas involucradas en el metabolismo de la cocaína: Una nueva aproximación farmacológica para el tratamiento de la intoxicación por sobredosis de cocaína
Authors: Salazar-Juárez Alberto ,   Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz., Barbosa-Méndez Susana , Jurado Noe , Antón Benito
Published: December 2016

Resumen

Introducción. Se han desarrollado nuevas estrategias terapéuticas contra la toxicidad por sobredosis de cocaína basadas en el aumento en la actividad catalítica de enzimas que participan en la destrucción de su molécula, antes de que tenga la oportunidad de penetrar el tejido nervioso.

Objetivo. Describir los avances en el efecto del aumento en la actividad catalítica de las enzimas BChE y las hCE, producidas para el tratamiento de pacientes en condiciones de toxicidad por sobredosis de cocaína, así como mencionar sus ventajas y desventajas y su potencial uso futuro en pacientes internados por una sobredosis de cocaína.

Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica por medio del PubMed, usando como descriptores las palabras “Cocaine”, “hydrolase”, “esterase” y “butyrylcholinesterase”. Se obtuvieron 220 artículos de los cuales se usaron 126 para esta revisión.

Resultados. Las enzimas BChE, COCH y CoCe bacteriana disminuyeron significativamente los niveles de cocaína en la sangre y el cerebro y con ello atenuaron los efectos de una sobredosis de cocaína.

Discusión y conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos en modelos animales sugieren el potencial terapéutico del uso de estas enzimas en humanos, para inactivar rápidamente a la cocaína y desarrollar tratamientos para evitar las muertes asociadas con la intoxicación por sobredosis.

Estas metodologías enzimáticas ofrecen una aplicación terapéutica novedosa para el tratamiento de la sobredosis.
Formative assessment (assessment for learning) educational achievements of students
Authors: Zemlyаnskaya E.N.
Published: December 2016

We present definition of the concept of formative assessment and its significance for modern education. Displaying developmental approach in foreign studies, the further development, the risks and the possibility of their reduction. We discuss some of the techniques and examples of formative assessment. We investigate the relationship between formative and final evaluation, including the national curriculum levels
Digital technologies in the context of inclusion
Authors: Shemanov A.Y.
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the application of digital technologies in the development of inclusive education from the point of view of collisions between individual and social models of inclusion, technological determinism and contextual approach. It examines the range of approaches to the educational integration. Following K. Иbbott, it examines three areas of research of digital technologies (concerning training and repetition, supporting the educational process and creating learning opportunities).It also regards the place of each approach to the development of inclusion in education. In conclusion, it discusses the problems and perspectives of development of this area of research and development
Brown Bodies and Xenophobic Bullying in US Schools: Critical Analysis and Strategies for Action
Authors: Bajaj Monisha , Ghaffar-Kucher Ameena , Desai Karishma
Published: December 2016

In this essay, Monisha Bajaj, Ameena Ghaffar-Kucher, and Karishma Desai present an evidence-based action project that seeks to interrupt and transform bullying behaviors directed at South Asian American youth in schools in the United States. In the context of this essay and project, they argue that larger macro-level forces which promote misinformation about youth who inhabit brown bodies have given rise to bullying and, in some cases, harassment and hate crimes in schools. Conventional literature on bullying offers inadequate frames for how the forces of Islamophobia—which affect all those perceived to be Muslim—and bullying come together to shape realities for South Asian American youth in schools. The authors advance new frameworks and strategies for understanding xenophobic and bias-based bullying and explore schools as sites of possibility to interrupt Islamophobia and misinformation about South Asian Americans.
Teaching Mathematics for Spatial Justice: Beyond a Victory Narrative
Authors: Rubel Laurie H. , Hall-Wieckert Maren , Lim Vivian Y.
Published: December 2016

In this reflective essay, Laurie H. Rubel, Maren Hall-Wieckert, and Vivian Y. Lim present a design heuristic for teaching mathematics for spatial justice (TMSpJ) based on their development of two curricular modules, one about the state lottery and the other about financial services in a city. Spatial tools, including data visualizations on maps and participatory mapping, were designed for youth to examine spatial injustices in these systems. The authors' findings report reflections about supporting students to “read and write the world with mathematics” (Freire & Macedo, 1987; Gutstein, 2003). These reflections inform an expanded design heuristic for TMSpJ.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Deshmukh Kiran A. , Manthale Deepak
Published: December 2016

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common middle ear infection characterized by recurrent ear discharges or otorrhoea through a tympanic perforation from the middle ear. The organisms isolated from CSOM include both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Among  the  bacteria,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been particularly blamed for deep seated and progressive  destruction  of  middle  ear  and mastoid  structures  through  its  toxins  and enzymes. The present study was done to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolated from CSOM.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India in March 2016. Data was obtained from the microbiology records from January 2014 to January 2016. Patients who had active ear discharge for at least three months were included in the study. P. aeruginosa was identified by colony morphology, pigment production, characteristic musty or earthy odor. The identification was confirmed by motility and standard biochemical tests.  

Results: A total of 293 cases of CSOM were included in the study. Microbial growth was seen in 248 (84.6%) cases and remaining 45 cases did not show any growth. Among 248 bacterial growth, 87 (35%) were positive for P. aeruginosa. Most common organism was P. aeruginosa followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Highest resistance was seen with Gentamicin and Ofloxacin and least resistance with Imipenem. The increased resistance to Cephalosporin group is warning sign, as these are potent anti-Psuedomals.

Conclusions: P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the common cause of CSOM in the present study. P. aeruginosa was resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. There was no resistance seen with Imipenem and only two strains were resistant to Piperacillin+tazobactum. Regular evaluation of the microbiological pattern and antibiogram of isolates will help in decreasing the complications of CSOM. 
Registros inusuales de aves en la hoya de Loja, Andes sur del Ecuador
Authors: Ordóñez-Delgado Leonardo , Reyes-Bueno Fabian , Orihuela-Torres Adrian , Armijos-Ojeda Diego
Published: December 2016

Presentamos datos actualizados sobre la distribución de 20 especies de aves del Ecuador, 16 de estas registradas por primera ocasión dentro de la hoya de Loja, valle inter-Andino del sur del país: Podilymbus podiceps, Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Butorides striata, Bubulcus ibis, Ardea alba, Chondrohierax uncinatus, Rupornis magnirostris, Gallinula galeata, Megascops roboratus, Megaceryle torquata, Aulacorhynchus prasinus, Forpus coelestis, Psittacara erythrogenys, Grallaria guatimalensis, Pitangus sulphuratus, Pachyramphus homochrous, Turdus reevei, Sporophila corvina, Rhynchospiza stolzmanni, y Cardellina canadensis. Únicamente P. brasilianus, B. striata, B. ibis y G. galeata han sido registradas previamente en el área de estudio, sin embargo, para estas especies se presentan nuevas localidades de registro, todas asociadas a pequeñas lagunas existentes alrededor de la ciudad de Loja. Esta información permite incrementar el conocimiento sobre la distribución geográfica y altitudinal de estas aves en el sur de Ecuador.
African Legacies in Pacific Colombian Music: A Synthesis
Authors: Arcila Carlos A.
Published: December 2016

Essentially, a summary of extensive and intensive research with several Afro-Colombian musicians who live in Colombia’s Pacific Coastal region, this article is presented as two major complementary components. Firstly, a multimedia, predominantly, with original recorded music and photographs, as importantly, a separate text with explanatory discussions and analyses, both perform key roles and occupy centre stage. The article demonstrates in audible and visible terms the pervasive and living influences of Africa on the region’s cultures. To do so, the article concentrates on an explicit analysis of the currulao music. It traces the music’s origins to the cimarrones who fled the plantations and mines to live in the mountainous, tropical interior. The research shows that the formerly, enslaved Africans drew on their cultures, for example, their drums and music to accommodate and resist the insistent and usually, enforced colonizing activities of the Roman Catholic missionaries.
Tamed Series: Intro
Authors: Lin Ziya
Published: December 2016

A collection of five charcoal drawings of surrealistic hair and female body. The collection depicts a fictional story that the hair restrains the movement of a female body.
Call for Submissions, Special Issue of Critical Pedagogical Inquiry
Authors: Sitter Kathleen C.
Published: December 2016

Creating a Canvas: Blending Visual Arts and Storytelling into the Curriculum PalletDeadline: February 15, 2017