bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil
Authors: DE SOUZA EVERTON HILO , CAVALCANTE BRAYAN P. , FRANÇA RIVÃ RIBEIRO DO N. , AONA LIDYANNE Y. S. , SOUZA FERNANDA V. D. , LEME ELTON M. C.
Published: August 2022

The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate two new species of Tillandsia from a granitic outcrop in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, and from an inselberg located in the municipality of Belo Jardim, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The species are endemic with a restricted area of distribution, being considered critically endangered (CR) mainly due to habitat fragmentation and illegal extractivism, specifically for regional and international trade. We also present the phenology, a distribution map of the species, and compare them with morphologically similar taxa.
Perceived Exposure and Concern for Misinformation in Different Political Contexts: Evidence From 27 European Countries
Authors: Vegetti Federico , Mancosu Moreno
Published: August 2022

Political misinformation is becoming an increasingly central topic in both public and academic debate. The main normative concern is that the diffusion of false political news might lead to distorted perceptions of the social and political reality. Indeed, existing research largely focuses on the determinants of public misinformation and the spread of false news. However, the mere awareness of the diffusion of fake news might have important implications, by reducing the public trust in the information environment. This study aims at explaining the contextual variation in citizens’ perceived exposure to false information and their concerns for the impact of false information on society and democracy. We focus on two properties of the context: party polarization, as a proxy for the degree of political conflict, and media accuracy. We provide empirical evidence for our claims using a mix of data from Eurobarometer, the European Election Studies, the European Media System Survey, and Freedom House. We find that polarization and media accuracy are not related to the citizens’ self-assessed exposure to false information, but they are significantly associated with their concerns. We also find that citizens’ perceived exposure to false news is better explained by the degree of media freedom in the country.
Information Environments and Support for COVID-19 Mitigation Policies
Authors: Anderson Andrew J. , Scacco Joshua M.
Published: August 2022

This research assesses how the environment for coronavirus disease (COVID) information contributed to the public’s willingness to support measures intended to mitigate the spread and transmission of the virus in the early stages of the pandemic. A representative sample of 600 Floridians was surveyed in April 2020. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, COVID anxiety, and knowledge about the virus, we find that components of the information environment mattered for public opinion related to mitigation policies. Television news sources, including local and national network news, center-left cable news (i.e., CNN, MSNBC), and Fox News, contributed to shaping policy support. The results highlight the importance of televised news coverage in shaping public opinion toward healthcare-related policies.
Production and Correction of Misinformation About Fine Dust in the Korean News Media: A Big Data Analysis of News From 2009 to 2019
Authors: Park Daemin , Lee Hyelim , Jeong Se-Hoon
Published: August 2022

Based on framing theory and attribution theory, this research examines how the Korean news has framed and attributed the causes of fine dust in terms of external factors (i.e., China-responsibility) or internal factors (e.g., Korea-responsibility). We conducted a large-scale big-data analysis such as natural language processing and semantic network analysis to examine how news about fine dust in the Korean news had been produced and corrected. We used search terms, such as “fine dust” and “China,” to collect 21,222 articles from 54 media outlets over 11 years from 2009 to 2019. Fine dust reporting could be divided mainly into two stages of (a) producing misinformation and (b) correcting misinformation. In the phase of producing misinformation (before 2015), the Korea Meteorological Administration appeared as a major source of information and emphasized “fine dust from China” in its weather forecast. In the phase of correcting misinformation (after 2015), environmental and civic groups appeared as major sources of information. They urged the Korean government to initiate policies rather than blame China. Another important group, the scholars, denied China-responsibility and started to talk about Korea-responsibility. The government also emphasized on cooperation of Northeast Asian countries and initiating eco-friendly domestic policies based on LTP results (Long-range Transboundary Pollutants). Overall, misinformation was produced in the process of “climate,” → “socialization,” → “politicization,” and misinformation was corrected through “scientification,” → “Asianization” internationally, and “Korea-responsibility” → “eco-friendly policymaking” domestically.
Credibility of the Official COVID Communication in Thailand: When People Stop Believing the Government
Authors: Slutskiy Pavel , Boonchutima Smith
Published: August 2022

One of the challenges of health communication during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been maintaining the credibility of official sources of information. Netizens constantly questioned the authorities’ messaging for inconsistencies in official narratives, which led to the dissemination of what came to called fake news that just happened to occasionally to be true. COVID skepticism affected countries around the world including Thailand, where social media users were regularly suspicious of the government narratives presented to the general public. The question arose of how people can factcheck official messaging that appears to be questionable, and the subject remains an issue more than 2 years later: Who should be the ultimate arbiter of truth in the COVID debate, and when does one turn to this arbiter? This paper follows Thailand social media discourse in an examination of discursive frames with the aim of identifying the correlations between public approval of Thai government disease control efforts and public skepticism of the official messages. The analysis demonstrates that the Thai public was generally accepting of the government’s messaging as long as the government’s efforts generally appeared to be successful but that public skepticism increased as approval of government actions decreased. Netizens in Thailand turned to Western sources of information such as the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control in searches for accurate information. This example of the Thai public’s COVID-19 discourse during the pandemic illustrates how credibility can be a function of approval rather than of truthfulness and transparency.
*Striving to Excel in STEM: Insights From Underrepresented, Minoritized Graduate Students With High Academic Ability
Authors: Yang Yao , Gentry Marcia L.
Published: August 2022

Little information exists concerning underrepresented students’ talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. This retrospective qualitative study investigated the talent development processes of five Black, seven Hispanic, and three Native American graduate students enrolled in STEM disciplines. All participants completed three individual, 1-hr interviews. Inductive thematic analysis revealed participants experienced challenges throughout their schooling, including chilly atmosphere in STEM disciplines, sense of loneliness, imposter syndrome, and pressure to prove themselves as capable. Despite these obstacles, participants benefited from academic rigor in STEM, gifted education programs, and extended support networks from families, friends, and mentors. Participants also developed a strong sense of responsibility for community service and social justice. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Integrative Supports, Resources, and Opportunities—Exploring and Expanding Urban High School Students’ Science Identity: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study
Authors: Rocha Janet , Cabral Brian , Chen Erin , Rodriguez Carlos , Yancy Clyde W.
Published: August 2022

Using a case study approach, we explored the science and math classroom experiences of urban high school students. Our purposeful sample included 11 high-achieving students (mostly minoritized students) who graduated from the same school and participated in an out-of-school science and medicine/health program. Using 35 semistructured interviews collected over 3 years, we focused on understanding the multiple contextual factors that contributed to the restructuring of students’ science experiences and reshaping of their science identity formation during high school. We expanded on Carlone and Johnson’s (2007) science identity model to propose an updated model for understanding students’ experiences within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine/health contexts. Our findings suggested that an integration of supports, resources, and opportunities lies at the core of what influences students’ science identities, which they revealed are inclusive of their science interest/passion, knowledge, participation, and achievements. Our study’s contribution is a unique perspective of the cultivation and sustainability of students’ science identities at the secondary level.
Monitoring student education and confidence in LGBTQ+ health in UK medical schools
Authors: Phillips Callum , Lazzereschi Lucia , Griksaitis Michael
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

We sought to evaluate and describe UK medical students’ experiences of education in LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) health and their confidence in approaching these consultations and identify any perceived gaps in medical school curricula. We also sought to examine whether individual identity affected medical students’ clinical practice.

Method:

A 19-question questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative responses was sent to all medical students in the UK.

Results:

A total of 307 students completed the questionnaire; 36% ( n = 184) reported no dedicated teaching on LGBTQ+ health issues/inequalities and 88% ( n = 267) reported no LGBTQ+-specific communication skills training. Respondents found it more challenging to discuss LGBTQ+ health issues with patients compared to performing clinical examinations on LGBTQ+ patients. In the clinical environment, students were more likely to ask about sexual orientation, gender identity and pronouns within the context of sexual health over psychiatric, surgical and medical consultations. Measured via a Likert-type scale from 0 to 100, students felt LGBTQ+ health teaching should be given higher importance within the curriculum (74/100) than their medical school currently placed on it (13/100). Ninety-five percent of students stated that they needed further education on LGBTQ+ health.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that at a national level, UK medical students do not feel well equipped to deal with LGBTQ+ health issues, and despite students’ recognition of the importance of this topic, this is not matched by curricular provision. Students report having difficulty discussing LGBTQ+ health issues and performing examinations on LGBTQ+ patients. Further training on LGBTQ+ health and actions to increase student confidence could help improve LGBTQ+ patient outcomes and improve the relationship between patients and clinicians. Students should be consulted in the re-development of relevant curricula.
A hybrid additive manufacturing process for production of functional fiber-reinforced polymer composite structures
Authors: Armstrong Connor D , Yue Liang , Kuang Xiao , Roach Devin J , Dunn Martin L , Qi H. Jerry
Published: August 2022

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) are valued for their high strength and lightweight and have found applications from aerospace to renewable energy. Additive manufacturing (AM, or 3D printing) of FRPCs is of great interest in recent years due to the manufacturing flexibility offered by AM. Direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing is a popular choice for FRPC 3D printing due to its low cost and open framework for broad material choices. However, previously explored techniques for AM of FRPCs are hindered by heavy reliance on fiber orientation dictated by extrusion toolpath and often require specialized hardware to print FRPCs with low viscosity and long cure time thermoset epoxy matrices. In this paper, we introduce a single-stream hybrid DIW AM technique for the creation of mechanically robust FRPC functional structures where the matrix is DIW 3D printed, and pre-epoxy impregnated (prepreg) woven carbon fiber (CF) fabrics are robotically placed. Additionally, functional components, such as conductive elements, can be readily integrated. We investigated the impact of prepreg woven CF reinforcement on a two-stage photo-thermal thermoset resin matrix on the mechanical characteristics of manufactured FRPCs. We also combined these efforts to fabricate functional structures, including strain sensors for in-situ deformation monitoring, heating elements, and embedded light sensors. This study found that the proposed single-stream hybrid DIW AM process could be a facile approach to fabricate high-strength FRPC functional structures.
Tactics of resistance and post-conflict judicial independence
Authors: Braithwaite Jessica Maves , Cox Joseph M , Farry Margaret
Published: August 2022

Scholars have found that nonviolent resistance is more effective than violence at promoting post-campaign democratization. We explore whether this relationship extends to judicial systems, specifically. Courts have been shown to be important for promoting and protecting economic development and political rights, yet they have been largely ignored in quantitative studies of post-conflict democratization. We posit that leaders who hold power after domestic unrest will be more inclined to use independent courts as a mechanism to prevent future campaigns–but they do so primarily when fearing a significant mobilization threat and when expecting legal action to be an acceptable channel for dispute resolution by dissidents. As such, we anticipate that levels of judicial independence are higher following nonviolent campaigns as compared to violent conflicts. Using quantitative data from violent and nonviolent campaigns globally, we find that judicial independence is indeed higher in the aftermath of nonviolent, as compared to violent, resistance campaigns. Furthermore, a campaign’s outcome does not matter; post-conflict judicial independence appears to be associated with tactics, not dissident success.
“What’s Inside of You Now is Just Bones and Skin”: The Tension between Restorative Meaning-Making and Deliberate Detachment in Maternal Experiences of Stillbirth
Authors: Hunt Catharine , Josselin Daphne
Published: August 2022

This article explores the ways in which bereaved mothers framed experiences of continuing bonds with their stillborn child and aims to enrich an understanding of maternal sense-making. Four interviews were carried out with bereaved mothers and approached using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, so as to offer deeper insight into their individual experiences. Themes which arose from the analysis include: “Continuing bonds and the female body;” “Conflicted bonding with the shape-shifting baby;” and “Experiencing connection in the life beyond loss.” These findings point to a tension between restorative meaning-making and detachment in maternal sense-making following stillbirth and have implications for clinicians working with bereaved mothers.
Predicting Perceived Sport Performance via Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Lourenço João , Almagro Bartolomé J. , Carmona-Márquez José , Sáenz-López Pedro
Published: August 2022

Sport performance depends in part on psychological factors. Self-determination theory emphasizes that the satisfisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation may be linked to positive behavioral results and positive perceptions of performance. Our main objective in this study was to analyze the predictive power of such variables as perceived autonomy support, the satisfaction of psychological needs, and autonomous motivation on perceived sport performance. We recruited 447 young Portuguese athletes/participants (340 males, 107 females; Mage = 15.72 years, SD = 1.8). We had participants complete Portuguese sport versions of the Perceived Autonomy Support Exercise Climate Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, the Behavior Regulation Sport Questionnaire and the Perceived Performance in Sport Questionnaire. A gender invariant structural equation model showed that the coach’s autonomy support significantly predicted the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The satisfaction of these three psychological needs predicted autonomous motivation. Satisfying the need for competence positively predicted perceived sport performance, but autonomous motivation was not significantly related to perceived performance.
Can Prolongate Use of Social Media Immediately Before Training Worsen High Level Male Volleyball Players’ Visuomotor Skills?
Authors: Fortes Leonardo S. , Berriel Guilherme P. , Faro Heloiana , Freitas-Júnior Carlos G. , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A.
Published: August 2022

Our aim was to analyze the effect of mental fatigue caused by prolonged social media use on high-level volleyball players' visuomotor skills. Eighteen high-level male young volleyball players participated in this randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. All participants underwent a 2-week experiment in which we measured their response times when performing a visuomotor task with and without mental fatigue inducement through repeated use of social media immediately before training sessions. In the control condition, participants watched TV for 30-minutes, and in the social media condition, they used a social media app (Instagram®) on smartphones for 30-minutes. We found a significant Condition x Time interaction on visuomotor task response time ( p = 0.03), but there was no significant main effect of either Time or Condition. Mental fatigue, induced by repeated app-based social media use for 30-minutes immediately before training sessions, affected elite male volleyball players’ visuomotor skills.
Generational Phases: Toward the Low-Back Merger in Cooperstown, New York
Authors: Dinkin Aaron J.
Published: August 2022

This paper reports on a new sociolinguistic sample of Cooperstown, a village in rural central New York. Previous research suggested Cooperstown was losing the Northern Cities Shift (NCS) and acquiring the low back merger via koineization as a result of dialect contact among locally-born children of parents from other regions. The new data shows abrupt retreat from NCS patterns between the Baby Boom generation and Generation X. A “phase transition” pattern is observed in progress toward the low back merger: Millennial women are the first to describe low back minimal pairs as merged, despite no appreciable difference between Millennials and Generation X in production of the low back vowels. No evidence is found to support the hypothesis that koineization is responsible for these changes; it appears that Cooperstown is subject to the same trend away from NCS documented in many other communities, subject to many of the same constraints.
Necrotizing Tracheitis Complicated by Tracheal Wall Perforation
Authors: Louie Bryan H. , Stramiello Joshua , Senyei Grant , Weissbrod Philip , Boys Joshua , Cheng George , Guo Theresa
Published: August 2022

Necrotizing tracheitis is a rare condition, mainly seen in immunocompromised patients, that may lead to pseudomembrane formation, airway obstruction and in severe cases, tracheal perforation. We present a case of a 32-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes who presented with productive cough, dysphagia, and respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy revealed extensive tracheal necrosis along a 4-5 cm segment of cartilaginous trachea and was complicated by tracheal perforation with false passage into the anterior mediastinum. Once the airway was re-established, a multidisciplinary team discussed options for definitive airway management, including tracheal reconstruction, pulmonary stent, or tracheostomy. Ultimately, a distal XLT tracheostomy was placed. Microbiology specimens of the tracheal tissue were positive for Actinomyces. The patient was started on long-term antibiotics and diabetes management. At three-month follow-up, the trachea was patent with near complete mucosalization of the previously necrotic segment. An area of proximal tracheal stenosis was successfully managed with a customized tracheal T-tube. In conclusion, this is a case of necrotizing tracheitis complicated by tracheal perforation. Successful treatment required a multidisciplinary team for airway management as well as medical treatment of immunocompromising risk factors and antimicrobial therapy. This enabled timely healing of the trachea and a durable airway.
Rhinoplasty Complication Requiring Multiple Revisions
Authors: Raskin Jonathan , Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Chen Henry
Published: August 2022

Cosmetic rhinoplasties are complex surgical procedures that can present with serious complications requiring revision surgeries. Septal graft difficulties are common complications in rhinoplasties, requiring surgeon awareness of the potential future need for corrective surgery. Here, we report a case of multiple revision cosmetic rhinoplasties due to recurrent complications. Additionally, a review of the literature regarding cosmetic rhinoplasty complications and risk factors was performed.
Role of Triamcinolone Irrigation in Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Operated for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Matched-Pair Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Budhiraja Grace , Kaur Navjot , Singh Harsimrat
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the standard treatment strategy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) resistant to medical treatment, and it is known to have postoperative complications and recurrences, which in turn result in suboptimal outcomes. Several methods are used to prevent postoperative scarring, adhesions, oedema, infection or recurrences in cavities. The role of steroids in improving postoperative outcomes is well established. They can be administered systemically or locally to enhance drug delivery into paranasal sinuses. In this study, we used triamcinolone irrigation immediately following surgery on one side of the nose, in patients with bilateral disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-operative triamcinolone irrigation on postoperative outcomes, in patients with bilateral pansinusitis.

Methods:

It was an interventional randomized controlled study, conducted at a tertiary care centre in North India. The analysis of 58 patients with bilateral pansinusitis was done from September 2020 to August 2021. At the conclusion of ESS, each patient was randomized to receive triamcinolone irrigation (4 ml of 40mg/ml solution) once and followed by merocel (polyvinyl acetal) packing on one side, while the contralateral side was packed with merocel soaked with saline. Nasal cavities were evaluated using a Hopkins rod endoscope in the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 8th and 12th weeks to look for the presence of postoperative crusting, oedema, polypoidal changes, and discharge. Perioperative sinus endoscopic scores (POSE) were used for endoscopic staging.

Results:

The most commonly affected age group was 31-45 years accounting for 39.7%. Males were affected more (63.7%) than the female population (36.3%). There was a reduction in the average POSE scores at the treatment site at all follow-up stages with a significant reduction in crusting, oedema, and scarring in the treatment site ( P-value <0.001).

Conclusion:

Triamcinolone irrigation effectively improves postoperative outcomes and reduces early postoperative complications in CRS patients.
Supporting Transgender Students and Gender-Expansive Education in Schools: Investigating Policy, Pedagogy, and Curricular Implications
Authors: Martino Wayne
Published: August 2022

Context/Background:

This article provides an introduction to the special issue. It includes an overview of a collection of articles from scholars across the globe who are committed to deepening an understanding of the experiences of trans students and gender-expansive education in schools. The special issue grew out of concerns about the need to investigate a trans studies–informed approach to addressing trans marginalization that attends to questions of both gender and racial justice in K-12 schools—an approach that is much needed in the field. The special issue also emerges, and needs to be contextualized, in response to the current conditions of resurgent far-right extremism, with its accompanying anti-trans and white supremacist rhetoric.

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to provide both an introduction to the special issue and a rationale for its conception. It serves as an orientation to reading of the special issue as a whole, functioning as a synthesizing introduction: a point of reference and lens through which to situate the contributing articles in a dialogic relation to mark a distinctive assemblage in the field both within and beyond the North American context.
A Transgender Studies Approach for Educators in Schools: Reflections on “Cissexist Pitfalls,” Bifurcated Frameworks, and Racial Justice
Authors: Martino Wayne
Published: August 2022

Background/Context:

Trans studies provides onto-epistemological, theoretical, ethical, and political frameworks that have a particular application for studies in education, and specifically for educators in schools, that remains largely unexplored or unelaborated. Within a context of resurgent right-wing extremism that fuels anti-trans and white supremacist rhetoric, trans studies provides analytic tools for deepening an understanding of gender expansive education and addressing gender and racial justice in schools.

Purpose/Focus of Study:

The purpose of this article is to illuminate the utility of trans-informed frameworks and the hermeneutic resources they provide in their potential to enhance and deepen an understanding of the pedagogical interventions in the classroom that are needed to educate about trans marginalization and racial justice. The focus is on the application of these frameworks, both with respect to fostering professional learning for educators in schools, and for my own pedagogy and course development.

Research Design:

In adopting a critical incident/critical reflexive practitioner approach, the author provides a sustained reflection on his own pedagogical practices and approach to curriculum development within the context of teaching a graduate course on gender and sexual diversity in schools. While such critical reflections emerged in response to one core critical incident, they are extended through an application of a trans studies approach to thinking through the scaffolded learning process for educators in the application of trans studies, and what this means for the sort of teacher threshold knowledges that are needed in schools for addressing gender and racial justice.

Findings:

Trans studies provides hermeneutic resources and analytic concepts that serve as tools for supporting teachers in reflecting on cissexist assumptions and how these materialize through their practice in the classroom. A concretization of what it means for teachers to enact a trans-studies-informed pedagogy requires a scaffolded approach and one that entails a weaving through of a critical and integrated focus on race, settler colonialism, and cissexism.

Conclusions:

The article highlights that there are certain limits to conceiving of a pedagogical commitment to interrogating gender binaries as a basis for addressing gender-expansive education in schools. The author concludes that such frameworks, in an absence of embracing a trans-informed approach to thinking about gender diversity and racial justice, run the risk of relying on a bifurcating categorization of trans students’ identities that ignore fundamental questions related to the impact of cissexism and its implication in colonial domination and racialization.
Extractive text summarisation using Bayesian state estimation of sentences: A Markovian framework
Authors: Ghanbari Haez Saba , Shamsfakhr Farhad
Published: August 2022

Identifying and extracting valuable information from textual documents in the form of cohesively and appropriately developed summaries is one of the most challenging tasks in text mining and natural language processing. In this article, we present a sequential Markov model, equipped with Bayesian inference, to estimate the degree of importance of sentences in a document and thereby address the text summarisation problem. The proposed methodology models the extractive sentence summarisation as a Bayesian state estimation problem, where the system state is the importance degree of each sentence in a document. The transition and observation models are derived using a nonlinear dynamical system identification based on a recurrent feedback neural model that predicts the sentence observation using the sentence input data. In the end, the transition and observation probability density functions are modelled using a mixture density network. The performance assessment of the system has been carried out by investigating the optimal feature dimensionality and the impact of the model parameters on the system accuracy, using entropy-based risk and loss-based risk measures. Finally, the superiority of the proposed methodology over the state of the art in extractive summarisation is discussed and verified by reporting the recall, precision and accuracy on the real-world benchmark data sets.
Field Disasters, Routine Shifts, and Adaptation Performance: Evidence from the Chernobyl disaster
Authors: Min Jungwon
Published: August 2022

Following a field disaster, organizations must be able to adapt to complicated new requirements like improved safety standards by changing their existing routines. Post-disaster, fewer deviations attributed to internal factors are expected and seen as evidence of adaptation. Using a difference-in-differences approach with data on nuclear power plants (NPPs) in 33 countries from 1976 to 2004, this study finds that, contrary to expectations, operational deviations attributed to human factors at NPPs increased globally for a long period after the Chernobyl disaster. This study argues that this counterintuitive performance is a manifestation of adaptive routines. To adapt to the environmental requirements for heightened safety standards, organizations may tend to alter their routines for attributing deviation causes by facilitating and transparently reporting the classification of more deviation causes as internal factors. These arguments extend organizational adaptation theory by suggesting that explicit performance does not necessarily manifest as adaptive routines because of the potential conflict between explicit and implicit performance dimensions in the context of complicated adaptation goals.
Pragmatist democracy and the populist challenge
Authors: Petersen Felix
Published: August 2022

This article intervenes in the debate on populism and democratic reform. Assuming that neither progressive populist counter-projects nor reforms broadening participation or deepening deliberation provide an immediate and realistic solution to the problematic political condition, the article engages with John Dewey’s work and presents a democratic praxis focused on problem solving as the most promising remedy to the populist challenge. The analysis shows that Dewey conceptualizes human action as inherently focused on problem solving, which allows him to think democracy as an associated activity to articulate and solve problems through public inquiry. Drawing on the critique that powerful groups prevent democratic problem solving activities, I develop his argument that a problem-centred democratic project must attach itself to ‘wants and interests that are actually operating’. Against this backdrop, the pragmatic way forward to the repression of populist authoritarianism lies in the expansion of democratic problem solving, which, I conclude, can be realized by interweaving intelligent action into the habits of democratic parties.
Visiting virtuosos’ expressivity across cultures: Acoustic analysis of a sanjo virtuoso’s performance
Authors: Kim You Jin , Song Moo Kyoung
Published: August 2022

Studies on music performance have received greater attention in the last several decades since the establishment of musical performance studies, and emotional expressivity has taken an important place in the study of emotional communication. The methodological or thematic integration of these domains in the study of music performance may expand the rationale for studying performance. The purpose of this study was to explore a virtuoso’s expressivity in terms of sanjo-specific features, including jangdan, indicating a rhythmic pattern, and jo, a structural feature that conveys emotional meanings. We investigated tempo and dynamics in the melodies within the unit of a jangdan across jo and those acoustic cues related to the jo transition. The findings suggest that the virtuoso, Kim Juk-pa, differentiated tempo and dynamics in the conveyance of structural features of jo. Tempo and dynamics were indicative of a jo shift, acting as a clue for her individuality. This provides current performers with critical sources for understanding the virtuoso’s expressivity corresponding with jo’s changes. The sanjo virtuoso’s individuality could be further elaborated via multi-dimensional analysis of historically informed recordings; this approach to music performance would lead to improved learning, transmission, and creation of new forms of music across cultures.
The settler colonial city in three movements
Authors: Simpson Michael , Hugill David W
Published: August 2022

This paper traces the trajectory of scholarship on the settler colonial city and argues that this literature could pay closer attention to the dynamic circulations, movements, and mobilities that constitute and sustain urban space. It foregrounds the ways that the movement of commodities, capital, and people must be assiduously managed in order to preserve settler colonial relations in the city and beyond. Building on existing work, it argues that “settler colonial urbanism” operates as a regime of spatial management which is connected to other sites of racial capitalist extraction and accumulation across global space.
How Will In-Person and Online Grocery Shopping and Meal Consumption Activities Evolve After COVID-19?
Authors: Hossain Md Shahadat , Fatmi Mahmudur Rahman , Thirkell Corrie Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 has drastically altered the daily lives of many people, forcing them to spend more time at home. This shift significantly increased online grocery shopping and ordering for food while restrictions and social distancing measures were in place. As re-opening begins, little is known about the way virtual and in-person shopping/eating activities will evolve after the pandemic. This study adopts a multivariate ordered probit model to investigate individuals’ preferences toward the following activities after the pandemic: online grocery shopping, in-store grocery shopping, online ordering of food, and eating-out at restaurants. The model retained statistically significant error correlations among the activities, confirming the need for joint modeling. Model results suggested that individuals with lower income and with children are likely to perform grocery shopping and eating-out activities in person. Individuals owning a vehicle and a driver’s license have a higher likelihood of less frequent online shopping and more frequent in-store grocery shopping. Individuals with transit passes prefer to order groceries online and engage in eat-out activities frequently. Individuals residing in mixed land use areas prefer frequent in-store grocery shopping whereas suburban dwellers prefer it less frequently. The model confirms complementarity and substitution effects. For instance, online food ordering revealed a complementary effect on eating-out activities whereas online grocery shopping confirmed a substitution effect on in-store grocery shopping. These findings provide important behavioral insights into travel activity patterns in the post-pandemic era, which will help in understanding the inter-relationships between online and in-person shopping/eating activities, and accommodating such inter-dependencies within the travel demand forecasting models for effective policy-making.
How Do Newly Diagnosed Chronic Health Conditions Affect Older Workers’ Vitality and Worries About Functional Ability?
Authors: Vanajan Anushiya , Bültmann Ute , Henkens Kène
Published: August 2022

With increasing retirement ages, older workers are working longer while being newly diagnosed with chronic health conditions (CHCs). Our knowledge on how newly diagnosed CHCs influence older workers’ vitality and worries is limited. We examine how four newly diagnosed CHCs affect older workers’ vitality and worries about physical and mental functional ability. We used data from a Dutch pension panel survey. A sample of 1,894 older workers (60–62 years) was analyzed using conditional change OLS regression models. Having CHCs decreased vitality and increased worries. This effect was worse for older workers newly diagnosed with CHCs. Being newly diagnosed with physically disabling conditions increased worries about physical functioning, while being newly diagnosed with mentally disabling conditions increased worries about mental functioning. These findings aid the identification of vulnerable groups of older workers, thereby informing interventions that could improve quality of life, while promoting healthy aging at work.
Comparing Resident, Proxy, and Staff Respondents for Nursing Home Residents’ Preferences for Everyday Living
Authors: Kunicki Zachary J. , Madrigal Caroline , Quach Lien T. , Riester Melissa R. , Jiang Lan , Duprey Matthew S. , Bozzay Melanie , Zullo Andrew R. , Singh Mriganka , McGeary John , Wu Wen-Chih , Rudolph James L.
Published: August 2022

To encourage person-centered care, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid require nursing homes to measure resident preferences using the Preferences Assessment Tool (PAT). No known research has examined the implications of respondent type (i.e., resident, proxy, staff) on preference importance; therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the importance of preferences depending on which respondent completed the PAT. Participants included 16,111 Veterans discharged to community-based skilled nursing facilities after hospitalization for heart failure. A majority (95%) of residents completed the PAT compared to proxy (3%) and staff (2%). Proxy responders were both more and less likely to indicate individual preferences as important compared to residents. Staff members were consistently less likely to indicate all preferences as important compared to residents. Findings from this study emphasize the need for proxy and staff to find methods to better understand residents’ preferences when residents are not able to participate in assessments.
Effects of accelerated and natural weathering on fire-retarded industrial wood composite
Authors: Fontaine Gaëlle , Marchetti Véronique , Bourbigot Serge
Published: August 2022

This study shows the impact of aging on the fire behavior of a fire-retarded polyvinyl chloride wood composite cladding intended for outdoor use. Two sets of composite wood cladding elements were examined: one aged naturally under exposed outdoors conditions for 1 year and the second, which underwent artificial accelerated aging. Optical microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of 27Al were used to investigate changes in the material properties after aging, distribution of chemical compounds, and aluminum environment. This study reveals the impact of different aging procedures on the physicochemical modifications of the composite material. In addition, after aging, the fire behavior of the two sets of composites as a function of fire exposure time was evaluated by cone calorimetry. Then, the natural aged composite was evaluated on a larger scale with the single burning item. The results surprisingly demonstrate that whatever the aging, the fire behavior of these wood composite was not affected.
Land Use Regulations, Housing Supply, and County Eviction Filings
Authors: Dawkins Casey J.
Published: August 2022

The eviction crisis has attracted significant scholarly attention, but less is known about the links between evictions and policies that promote or impede housing supply. This research uses data from a large time-series, cross-sectional sample of U.S. counties to address this research gap. The results from several linear regression models suggest that restrictive land use regulations increase eviction filing rates, whereas elastic housing supply and inclusionary zoning reduce eviction filing rates. Controls for housing supply constraints also reduce the effect of median rents on eviction filings. Pro-renter state landlord–tenant laws have no effect on eviction filing rates.
Shape optimization method for wheel rim of automobile wheels based on load path analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaohua , Zhang Tongqing , Zhang Yang , Jiang Zhanpeng , Wu Fenghe
Published: August 2022

The wheel rim is an annular and thin-walled structure with complex structural features and working conditions. Guaranteeing its safety and lightweight are two major concerns in wheel rim design. In this study, a shape optimization method based on load path analysis is proposed to evaluate and optimize the structure of the wheel rim. The load-transfer law of the wheel rim is identified based on the load path visualization. Two design criteria are put forward to evaluate the load-bearing performance and give the improvement suggestions. Then, the shape optimization problem is simplified to a parameter optimization problem, and the optimal size combination performance-oriented is obtained using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). As a case study, a wheel rim is redesigned and the optimization result shows that the stiffness and strength are improved under bending and radial fatigue simulation, while the weight is reduced by 3.78%. Two stages of experimental studies are carried out to verify the optimization method. The static pressure test shows that the bending resistance performance of the wheel rim is improved by 4.57%, and the load transfer is more uniform. The radial impact test shows that the impact deformation at a high energy level is reduced by 13.77%, indicating that the impact resistance performance is significantly improved.
A novel semi-active tuned mass damper with a continuously tunable stiffness
Authors: Zhang Li , Hong Liu , Dhupia Jaspreet Singh , Johnson Shane , Qaiser Zeeshan , Zhou Zude
Published: August 2022

A passive tuned mass damper can only be designed to have a good damping effect near the resonance frequency of the primary structure. To overcome this limitation, a novel semi-active tuned mass damper with continuously tunable stiffness is proposed in this paper. The proposed design features a compact mechanism that can vary its stiffness by changing the number of active coils in parallel and series configurations of helical springs. The real-time control of the stiffness is achieved by designing and implementing a driving system for this mechanism. The motion characteristics and required driving torque for the designed prototype are also examined during the stiffness tuning process. It is demonstrated that the novel semi-active tuned mass damper can tune its stiffness over a wide range, and consequently tune its working frequency band to a desirable region with a proper control law. The effectiveness of the proposed prototype was investigated numerically and experimentally with respect to one-degree-of-freedom harmonic excitations in the frequency ratio range of 0.8–1.2. The results indicate that the prototype preserves optimal vibration suppression performance across a broad frequency range. Thus, the proposed semi-active tuned mass damper can provide a simple and effective in-situ tunable tool for suppressing primary structure vibration in the presence of non-stationary vibratory excitations.
Experimental investigation on the flame stabilization modes of liquid kerosene in a cavity-based scramjet combustor
Authors: Li Xipeng , Liu Weidong , Pan Yu , Wang Ning
Published: August 2022

The flame stabilization modes of liquid kerosene is investigated in a model scramjet combustor with flight condition of Ma 6. The effects of equivalence ratio and cavity configuration schemes on the flame stabilization modes are studied. Flame propagations and the evolution of the flow field from the ignition to the establishment of stable flame in the supersonic flow are acquired through high-speed photography and schlieren photography. Only cavity-recirculation-region stabilized combustion can be obtained in the single-cavity scramjet combustor. The intensity of combustion is weak and is termed as local ignition with low combustion efficiency. In the tandem-cavity scramjet combustor, the flame stabilization mode is largely determined by the total equivalence ratio. The flame could spread into the mainstream and even propagate against the supersonic flow as the equivalence ratio increases. The positive feedback mechanism between combustion and precombustion shock train is responsible for the evolutions of the flame stabilization modes, where the interactions between shock waves and turbulent boundary layer play a key role in the flame propagation process. The large-scale eddies in the shear layer of the upstream cavity shed at the cavity aft wall and could enhance the turbulent levels of the incoming flow of the downstream cavity. Consequently, an intense kerosene flame can be ignited in the tandem-cavity combustor. The flame could not spread to the mainstream in the single-cavity combustor due to the lower turbulence level weakening the interaction of combustion products in the recirculation zone with unburned reactants in the supersonic flow.
HIV testing in a high prevalence urban area in the US: Identifying missed opportunities two ways
Authors: Anderson Sean , Friedman Eleanor E , Eller Dylan , Kerman Jared , Zhou Junlan , Stanford Kimberly A , Ridgway Jessica P , McNulty Moira C
Published: August 2022

Background

Routine opt-out HIV testing in healthcare settings is often not implemented to its fullest extent. We assessed factors contributing to missed HIV testing opportunities at an academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois, with a routine HIV screening program.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of HIV testing in clinical encounters was performed using multivariate regession models. Missed opportunities were defined as 1) an encounter during which an HIV test was not conducted on a patient later diagnosed with HIV, or 2) an encounter in which a bacterial STI test was performed without HIV testing.

Results

Of 122 people newly diagnosed with HIV from 2011-2018, 98 patients had 1215 prior encounters, of which 82.8% were missed opportunities. Female gender, persons not known to be men who have sex with men, and encounter location other than inpatient had higher odds of a missed opportunity. Nearly half (48.4%) of 104,678 bacterial STI testing encounters were missed opportunities. Female gender, older age, lack of syphilis testing, and location outside the emergency department had higher odds of a missed opportunity.

Conclusions

We found a high number of missed HIV testing opportunities, which could be reduced by strengthening routine screening and increasing targeted testing concurrent with STI screening.