bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uniendo lo humano y lo divino. La gramática, la ontología y la forma del lenguaje en la conversación de san Agustín en Ostia (conf. 9, 24)
Authors: Irizar Pablo , Rallens Guinevere , Kim Charles ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The fracturing of language at Babel (Gn 11.1-9) is one of the defining events which, for Augustine, gives language its current fallen characteristics and limitations. But does the fallen state of language necessarily imply that language creates a chiasm rather than a bridge between the human and the divine? And if so, is language used in vain to invoke God? This paper addresses these questions through an analysis of the role of language in Augustine’s Ostia ascent narrative (conf. 9, 24). According to a first line of interpretation, language creates a chiasm rather than a bridge between the human and the divine in the ‘Ostia ascent’. According to a second line of interpretation, though fractured, language does not create a chiasm but rather a bridge between the human and the divine. By identifying and intertextually analyzing three facets of the function of language in conf. 9, 24, namely the grammatical, the ontological, and the modal, this paper aims at substantiating the second line of interpretation. Part one explores Augustine’s use of the expression per uerbum (Jn 1.1-15) to analyze the grammar of human and divine language. Part two analyzes the ontological function of language as a mechanism of mediation by showing that the ascent in conf. 9, 24 is similar to the structure of manifestation evident in the transition from forma dei to forma serui (Phil 2.6-7) in Augustine’s s. 264. Finally, part three shows that for Augustine, the conversion from the schola superbiae of rhetoric pride to the humility of the schola pectoris implicitly requires the mode of language as a precondition for ascent in conf. 9, 24. As such, this paper concludes, the three facets of language, namely the ontological, grammatical and modal, function in conf. 9, 24 to unite, mediate and transform the human experience of the divine.
La alegría del evangelio. Leyendo la ‘Evangelii Gaudium’ del Papa Francisco con san Agustín
Authors: Lam Joseph ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article offers a synopsis of the ecclesiological vision of Pope Francis, underlining the centrality of Charity that is what should guide the Evangelization of the Church within a secularized context. The role of the «missionary disciples» in this task, which is a work of mercy, is also pointed out. Later the article presents the illumination of the Augustinian doctrine to the encyclical Evangelii Gaudium, particularly concerning the preaching, as a service of charity, where the pastor gives voice to the message of God. The article also stresses S. Augusti­ne’s doctrine of the Interior Master in relationship with preaching.
Filosofía, Sabiduría, Trinidad en las primeras obras de san Agustín
Authors: Ceci Vincenzo ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article aims to show in the first works of St. Augustine the convergence of philosophy and wisdom on Trinitarian knowledge, and how the latter, despite the small number of references, occupies an important place among the theoretical objectives of the neoconvert. Furthermore, it aims to look for gnoseological and epistemological guidelines of the trinitarian reflection. This implies an attentive analysis of the relationship between faith and reason, as it appears in the Dialogues, and therefore of the relationship between Christian faith and Neoplatonic philosophy, from the perspective of the young Augustine, rethought in the light of those recent studies that show their criticism about this relationship. The article follows a diachronic method, without ignoring where necessary, timely references to the works which St. Augustine wrote during his own maturity; and stresses the historical dimension of the argument discussed, revealing the sources of ancient, late antiquity and patristic thought, alluding to its developments in medieval thought. From the whole emerges the intellectual and spiritual profile of a Christian thinker characterized by a strong rationalist tension, and a philosophical project that culminates in the rational knowledge of the trinitarian dimension of God. And the latter, far from being understood according to the Plotinian or Porfirian metaphysical model, will appear in the Dialogues according to the Christian model, stressing particularly the topic of consubstantiality.
La predicación agustiniana como un locus theologicus et spiritalis
Authors: Chabi Kolawole ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

In thais article, we have confronted the question of Augustinian preaching as a theological place and a crucible of expression and transmission of a certain spirituality that he draws from its source, which is Christ, the only Master who teaches both the preacher and the faithful. Our study allowed us to show the source of inspiration of the preacher of Hippo, which is precisely the study and meditation of the Holy Scriptures. We also highlighted the humility, the love and the ardent desire to be useful to the salvation of the faithful of which he was responsible, which characterizes the ministry of Saint Augustine. His prayer, his confessions, and his kindness in preaching, are elements that could always inspire preachers of all times.
El sentido de la confessio en los Soliloquia y en las Confessiones
Authors: Eguiarte Enrique , Saavedra Mauricio ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

In this article, some parallels between the Soliloquia and Confessiones are revealed, particularly as concerning the self-knowledge (nouerim me) and the knowledge of God, two elements that the article links to the augustinian concept of confessio, in its different meanings, such as confessio laudis, confessio fidei, confessio peccatorum, confessio amoris, as well as the implications that this confessio has with other elements, such as the petitio considerationis, that is, the request made by Saint Augustine to God to be heard. The presence of the petitio considerationis has been analyzed not only in the text of the Soliloquia, but also within the text of the Confessiones, following its traces through four psalms where this petitio considerationis has left its marks, to indicate the various elements in which St. Augustine invites us to reflect, and highlighting, in particular, the importance that the Sacred Scripture has for St. Augustine. Finally, the presentation of the reading strategies and the implicit readers that St. Augustine presents both within the Soliloquia and within the Confessions is discussed.
¿Qué tan mala es la conciencia mala de Agustín (mala conscientia)?
Authors: Lössl Josef ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The subject if this article is a brief discussion of the concept of «bad conscience» (mala conscientia) as opposed to «good conscience’ (bona conscientia) in the Works of Augustine, with specific reference to Augustine’s theology of grace. The article considers Augustine’s use of the concept in a wide range of his Works, especially in some sermons and also compares this use with the meaning of the earliest occurrences of the Word suneídhsiç /conscientia and related forms in ancient Greek literature. One of the findings of this comparison is that Augustine’s basic understanding of conscientia in the moral sense was remarkably similar to those early occurrences.
Los presupuestos de una doctrina moral en el pensamiento de san Agustín
Authors: Pacioni Virgilio ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the notion of human nature based on what Saint Augustine exposes in De immortalitate animae, following Varron’s footsteps on the unity of the soul and body, and the prima naturae, as they appear in his work De Philosophia. It is also pointed out that St. Augustine separates himself from the Varronian thought in regard to the highest good of the human being, since for him it is placed in the soul, as it appears in De moribus ecclesiae catholicae. On the other hand, the Augustinian basic ethical principle regarding goods is developed, presenting the distinction between the things that have to be loved propter se and those that have to be loved propter aliud, to subsequently make a presentation of the concept of uti and frui, as both are developed in De Doctrina Christiana and in the De Ciuitate Dei. It also stresses the innovative value of amor sui, where Saint Augustine modifies the stoic concept of oikéiosis, following the idea of the two loves as pondus, both caritatis and cupiditatis. As a deepening of the same concept of oikéiosis, the psychological process of the free act is analyzed, comparing the Augustinian process with the process described by Aristotle in his Ethica Nicomachea.
La controversia entre Agustín y Juliano de Eclana: sobre la Ley y la gracia
Authors: Paciorek Piotr ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

In 418, the Italian bishop of Eclanum (Aeclanum: Mirabella-Eclano), Julian (380-454), engaged Augustine of Hippo (354-430) in an extensive debate about three key issues of the Catholic faith, all of which are essentially grounded in sound philosophy and can be proven by reason. These are: the state of nature after sin, the authority of law (legis auctoritate), and the free will of rational beings (libertas arbitrii), the last of which remains vigorously debated today in response to the early concept of determinism. These three issues, in particular, preoccupied Augustine’s thoughts and writings up until his death.
Non inuenit tantam fidem in Israel: el texto del acto de fe del centurión (Mt 8, 5-13) interpretado en los Sermones in Matthaeum de Agustín de Hipona
Authors: Pauliat Marie ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

How to characterize the scriptural exegesis that Augustine of Hippo develops in the Sermons on Scripture? The interpretations of the pericope of the act of faith of the centurion (Matth. 8:5-13) allow, by comparison, to provide elements of answer to this question. Only two continuous commentaries of it are preserved in the works of Augustine: the Sermon 62 (Carthage, 399) and the Sermon Morin 6 (409). It is, however, the subject of some sixty mentions, covering all genres (letters, exegetical treatises, polemics) and almost all chronological and polemical contexts (Manicheism, Donatism, Pelagianism). With this pericope, Augustine reminds both the Manicheans that Scripture must be received with faith, and the Donatists that members of the Church come from the east and the west. The accents are very different in the two sermons: the clearly theological perspective in the Sermo Morin 6 is colored in the Sermo 62 of a discrete and complex rhetorical use which aims to prepare the exhortation not to go to the banquets of the idols that form the second part of this sermon. Augustine’s homiletic exegesis enters into full consonance with the double inscription of the sermon in its liturgical and historical contexts: the first involves developing the faith of the faithful to unify the Body of Christ and the second to lead them to put into practice the requirements of this faith in the concrete circumstances of their lives. The themes of homiletic exegesis then contribute to making the sermon one of the mediations of grace in the work in the liturgy.
Conscientia, Capax Dei y Salvación en Agustín. ¿Qué hubiera dicho Agustín del «vacío explicativo» (‘explanatory gap’)?
Authors: Stanciu Diana ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

How to characterize the scriptural exegesis that Augustine of Hippo develops in the Sermons on Scripture? The interpretations of the pericope of the act of faith of the centurion (Matth. 8:5-13) allow, by comparison, to provide elements of answer to this question. Only two continuous commentaries of it are preserved in the works of Augustine: the Sermon 62 (Carthage, 399) and the Sermon Morin 6 (409). It is, however, the subject of some sixty mentions, covering all genres (letters, exegetical treatises, polemics) and almost all chronological and polemical contexts (Manicheism, Donatism, Pelagianism). With this pericope, Augustine reminds both the Manicheans that Scripture must be received with faith, and the Donatists that members of the Church come from the east and the west. The accents are very different in the two sermons: the clearly theological perspective in the Sermo Morin 6 is colored in the Sermo 62 of a discrete and complex rhetorical use which aims to prepare the exhortation not to go to the banquets of the idols that form the second part of this sermon. Augustine’s homiletic exegesis enters into full consonance with the double inscription of the sermon in its liturgical and historical contexts: the first involves developing the faith of the faithful to unify the Body of Christ and the second to lead them to put into practice the requirements of this faith in the concrete circumstances of their lives. The themes of homiletic exegesis then con- tribute to making the sermon one of the mediations of grace in the work in the liturgy.
Gimiendo con los salmos: el cultivo del cansancio del mundo en las Enarrationes in Psalmos de Agustín
Authors: Stewart-Kroeker Sarah ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: July 2021

Augustine’s emphasis on groaning in Enarrationes in Psalmos reflects his eschatological frame for the earthly life. Augustine exhorts believers to cultivate a disposition of world-weariness appropriate to their status as pilgrims and exiles in this life, expressed by groans of suffering in earthly need and longing for heavenly fulfillment. This world-weary disposition has both an ethical and aesthetic character in that it con- tributes to the ordering of believers’ loves to a vision of heavenly beauty and enjoins an active response of solidarity with the suffering on earth.
Identification of Critical Sea States for Sloshing Model Tests
Authors: Kim Booki , Ryu Min-Cheol , Jung Jun-Hyung , Shin Yungsup
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a methodology for identifying a set of irregular sea states for sloshing model test conditions that are most likely to produce large sloshing pressures on tank walls. To identify the critical sea states, the sloshing pseudo-response amplitude operator (RAO) is defined based on the total sloshing wave energy that is the sum of kinetic and potential energies on the free surface. The mathematical model is formulated in the frequency domain within the regime of potential flow theory. A concept of sloshing intensity is then introduced to define the sloshing severity in an irregular sea state based on the area under the sloshing wave energy response spectrum curve. The tank is expected to induce violent fluid motions for high sloshing intensity values and, as a result, its walls can experience large sloshing impact pressures. The validity of the proposed methodology is investigated by comparing the results of the numerical analysis to those of the model test for the cargo tank of a floating liquefied natural gas terminal. Favorable results in identifying the critical sea states are obtained for tested filling levels. The proposed methodology can be utilized as a pre-screening procedure for selecting relevant sea states at the initial phase of the sloshing model test and for use in the selection of sloshing flow simulation conditions.
Pintura, fotografia e memória na produção artística de Paulo Gaiad
Authors: Lima Wagner Jonasson da Costa
Published: July 2021

O texto aborda a relação estabelecida entre pintura e fotografia na produção artística de Paulo Gaiad, procurando analisar como a associação entre esses diferentes meios de expressão, ou paradigmas da imagem, contribuiu para a constituição do projeto poético do artista, projeto esse baseado, conforme suas declarações, no fenômeno da “memória”. Para tanto, o artigo concentra-se na fatura de determinados trabalhos de Gaiad, especialmente aqueles pertencentes às séries As Paredes que me Cercam, A divina comédia, Memórias da cozinha e Estudos de luz e sombra. Nesse conjunto de quadros, pode-se sugerir que o artista procurou materializar a operação da memória, vista como processo de recriação do ocorrido, por meio da justaposição entre o pictórico e o fotográfico. Para esse fim, cabe complementar, também convocou e atualizou gêneros tradicionais, como a paisagem e a natureza-morta. Nessa lógica, os modos operativos de Gaiad integram um cenário, o da arte contemporânea, no qual as relações entre os diferentes meios são de comunhão e não de exclusão.
Update on Surgical Interventions In Management Of Dry Eyes
Authors: Anitha V , Meenakshi R. , Vanathi M.
Published: July 2021

Dry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory disease with tear film instability and hyperosmolarity. It is also a common symptom encountered in a general ophthalmology practice. The DED symptoms range from mild, moderate to severe. The Rapid Diagnosis with non-invasive techniques are possible in the out-patient clinic itself. The management includes medical and surgical, which depends on the patients' objective symptoms, subjective complaints, and the severity of the disease.
Medical treatment includes preservative-free tear substitutes, oral secretagogues, topical, and systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. The surgical modalities are the treatment options in very severe disease. The severity of the disease at the time of presentation, lifestyle modifications, compliance with the treatment is associated with a better prognosis. This review provides an update with a practical approach to surgical interventions of DED with emphasis on treatment for specific disease subtype and severity of the condition.
Viral Retinitis: Review
Authors: Patel Anamika , Tyagi Mudit
Published: July 2021

Retinitis is one of the common presentation of posterior uveitis. The cause could be either an infection or inflammation but until proven otherwise, retinitis is infectious. It could present either as unifocal or multifocal presentation and may manifest either as full thickness retinitis, chorioretinitis or retinochoroiditis.
Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis in South India - Various Presentations, Role of Therapeutic Debridement and Topical Voriconazole
Authors: Potti Sudhakar , Nayak Aparna , Banigallapati Shashidhar , Venigalla Madhuri
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To report various presentations and the effect of therapeutic debridement with topical Voriconazole in Microsporidial epithelial keratitis

Design:

Retrospective analysis

Methods and Material:

33 eyes of 32 patients of clinically and microbiologically proven Microsporidial epithelial keratitis were included. Diagnosis was done with Gram staining and confirmed by modified Ziehl Neelsen (1% Acid fast). All lesions were therapeutically debrided and 1% topical voriconazole was given and followed up weekly until resolution.

Results:

The mean age of our patients was 32 years (Range: 10-68 years). The disease was more common in young adults (21-30 years age group). All patients had undergone therapeutic debridement and prescribed 1% topical voriconazole and were symptomatically better. Visual acuity ranged from log MAR 0.6 to log MAR 0.00 which further improved after resolution. Significant visual loss did not occur in any patient.

Conclusion:

Microsporidial epithelial keratitis is more common than expected in young, healthy individuals including doctors and are typically confused with viral keratitis. The disease showed complete resolution with no recurrence with therapeutic debridement and topical voriconazole therapy.
Critical Oculocardiac Reflex In Phacoemulsification: A Case Report
Authors: Dandekar Prajakta , Singh Gautam
Published: July 2021

Critical Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is very rare, especially during phacoemulsification, and we report one such case from our hospital. A 56-year-old male patient developed sudden bradycardia (pulse:38/min) and hypotension (BP:60/40mmHg) during phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia. We terminated the surgery and managed the patient as a case of critical OCR with injection Atropine, IV fluids and inotropic drugs. Once the patient stabilised, we completed the remaining steps of the surgery successfully. Thus, life-threatening OCR can occur even in phacoemulsification and adhering to strict protocols with timely management can save a life.
Bilateral Congenital Ectropion Uveae and Glaucoma
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Garg Rajiv
Published: July 2021

The presence of congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) in a patient calls for a definitive work-up for underlying glaucoma as the latter if missed can have potentially blinding sequel. Most patients may not be aware of the presence of CEU as far as third to fourth decade and may have lost significant proportion of their visual fields at their first ophthalmic consultation. A case of bilateral CEU with bilateral glaucoma is described emphasizing this association.
Determination of Heavy Metals and Anti – Nutrients in Cow Meat Sold in Minna, Major Markets
Authors: Onuruoiza Suleiman I. , Itopa Suleiman A. , Emmanuel Jwan’an L. , Yetunde Adebiyi H. , Cornelius Aderemi O. , Hebron Habakkuk
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Meat is a major source of protein for the urban – population, but it could be susceptible to contamination by heavy metals, heavy metals and anti - nutrients pose a serious threat to human well being due to thier toxicity and chelating activity, this call for the need to determine thier level in meat which is one of our daily food.

Objectives: This study is designed to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Cupper, Cadmium, and Zinc) and anti-nutrients (Phytate, Oxalate and cyanogenic glycoside) in cow meat sold in different locations in Minna, Niger State.

Method: A total of 12 beef samples were bought from beef outlet in 4 major markets in Minna namely Bosso Market, Kure Market, Mobil Market, and Tunga Market. The level of the heavy metals were assayed using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometry (AAS) while that of anti – nutrients were determined using standard analytical methods.

Results: Show that the concentration of Lead is highest across all locations while that of Zinc is the lowest across all locations. The order of the level of heavy metal concentration across the locations are Pb > Cd = Cu >Cr > Zn. Lead (Pb) concentrations across the four markets are 6.340±1.3562µg/g, 6.766±0.3684µg/g, 6.057±1.2097µg/g, 3.716±0.247µg/g respectively, while that of zinc are 0.310±0.0061µg/g, 0.304±0.0023µg/g, 0.298±0.0227µg/g, 0.299±0.0180µg/g respectively.

Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that heavy metal toxicity could result from the consumption of cow meat from these study areas.
Strategic Thinking and Flexibility of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Victor Adim, Chidiebere , Andy Mezeh, Akpobolokami , Okon Unaam, Akaninyene
Published: July 2021

This study examined the relationship between strategic thinking and flexibility of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design with primary data was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The population for this study was five (5) tier-one banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study however focused mainly on their Regional Offices located in Port Harcourt. Six Regional Managers for each bank were used as the study respondents giving a total of 30 respondents. Census sampling was adopted since the study sample was small. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha with all the items scoring alpha coefficient above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of SPSS version 23.0. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between strategic thinking and flexibility of Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. The study recommends that deposit money banks should build strategic thinking competencies of its managers and employees through such activities such as brainstorming, scenario visualization, repertoire building and dialogue as critical means by which they can respond most effectively to rapid change and achieve sustainable success.
Production of Fish Silages from Fish Entrails and Its Nutritional Evaluation
Authors: Tazim Md. Farhan , Islam Md. Nazrul , Sultana Afrin , Parvej Mohammed Rashed , Mamun Al , Al-Mamun Md. Abdullah
Published: July 2021

The study was undertaken to investigate fish entrails (heads, bones, viscera, fins) suitability as raw materials for fish silage production for the fish feed supplement. Two types of fish silages were prepared using pure culture of Lactobacillus as lactic fermentation starter and formic acid as acid fermenter. Lactobacilli was isolated and identified for the preparation of fermentation starter from fresh milk. The starter bacteria and molasses were added to minced raw materials in three different compositions to produce three fermented silages and 3% formic acid was used for acid silage production. Biochemical changes were monitored continuously during the fermentation of the silages. Non-protein nitrogen concentration increased from an initial value of 19.56% to 42%. The proximate composition of the final products after 80 days of fermentation on dry matter basis showed that acid silage contained higher crude protein (31.25±0.75%) than fermented silages (21±0.54% - 28±1.11%). Crude lipid content didn’t show any significant differences among silages prepared (P>0.5). Most of the essential amino acids were present in fairly good concentration in all the silages which are comparable to those of the FAO/WHO requirement. Protein content and the amino acid profile of the silages suggest that it should be possible to partially replace with fish meal in feeds for fish and animal.
Tornumonkpe Distribution: Statistical Properties and Goodness of Fit
Authors: Nwikpe Barinaadaa John
Published: July 2021

A new sole parameter probability distribution named the Tornumonkpe distribution has been derived in this paper. The new model is a blend of gamma (2,  and gamma(3  distributions. The shape of its density for different values of the parameter has been shown.  The mathematical expression for the moment generating function, the first three raw moments, the second and third moments about the mean, the distribution of order statistics, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness has been given. The parameter of the new distribution was estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The goodness of fit of the Tornumonkpe distribution was established by fitting the distribution to three real life data sets. Using -2lnL, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) as criterial for selecting the best fitting model, it was revealed that the new distribution outperforms the one parameter exponential, Shanker and Amarendra distributions for the data sets used.
The Spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria: The Influence of Transportation and Economic Zones
Authors: Ajayi Nathaniel O. , Awonusika Richard O. , Ale Adeniyi S. , Ebiwonjumi Ayooluwade
Published: July 2021

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) now known as Covid-19 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease rapidly spread to other cities in China and to other parts of the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution which the economic zones and movement of people into the country and from city to city and State to State within the country have on the spread of the disease in Nigeria. Data of the daily update of Covid-19 occurrence in Nigeria as given by the NCDC Covid-19 Situation report were assembled. The data of the first index in each State between February 27 and March 28, 2020 with the status of whether they were from foreign travel or from within the community was compiled. The results show that economic zones and human movement contribute to the early spread of the disease. The initial spatial spread in Nigeria was observed to follow closely behind the test laboratory distribution pattern. This may suggest that samples from the locations far from the laboratories were not obtained, hence the suggestion for early aggressive country-wide-large scale testing to cover almost everyone should be started very early before the spread is everywhere. The test labs should cover the whole country with the tests made free and mandatory to encourage and force people to come out for it and the restriction protocols should strictly be adhered to. The boarders of the country should be closed early to stop further import of the disease from the high risk countries. When the airports are later re-opened, they should not be to the high-risk countries of the disease. There is also a need for a national policy on responding to and managing any future public health crisis such as Covid-19 pandemic before its occurrence. This policy will help the government to know what to start doing quickly when there is any occurrence. Government should also look inward to mobilize the scientists inside the country by providing research grants purposely to combat the pandemic. Such grants will enable our scientists to make their contribution in addition to the ones made by the scientists outside the country.
A Synthesis of Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, Pyrazole Deravatives and It’s Biological Activities
Authors: D’souza Alphonsus , Nayak Prashant , Khandige Prasanna Shama , Kumar Pankaj
Published: July 2021

Aim: Nicotine Substituted  1,3,4 Oxadiazole and pyrazole moieties were integrated by utilizing hydrazide as halfway .Oxadiazole were acquired by two techniques one is by utilizing PoCl3 within the sight of fragrant corrosive ,other is by utilizing carbon disulphide in the presence ofpotassium hydroxide as an impetus .Pyrazoles were likewise gotten by ehtylacetoacetate we acquired unrefined item and again it was recrystallized by utilizing alcohol.All incorporated mixtures were evaluated for Antibacterial activity  and enaminones showed promising action against standard medication ciprofloxacin.

Methods: TLC on silica gel G was used to check for homogeneity of the title compound. H NMR, Mass, and IR Spectra were used to characterise these compounds, and their antibacterial activity was tested.

Results: All of these compounds, including nicotine substituted ester, hydrazide, 1,3,4 Oxadiazole, and pyrazole, showed antibacterial activity. The maximum activity of enaminones was comparable to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin (5mcg). Compound1 showed potent antimicrobial activity

Conclusion: In the zone of inhibition studies, all six samples at MIC concentrations showed reasonable antimicrobial activity Compound1 showed very good antimicrobial activity
Treating of Joint Pain - Arthritis through YOGA
Authors: Telang Amit , Iyer Subramaniam Seshan , Saoji Kunal , Gawande Vasant
Published: July 2021

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more of your joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. Although there's no cure for arthritis, treatments have improved greatly in recent years and, for many types of arthritis, particularly inflammatory arthritis, there's a clear benefit in starting treatment at an early stage. Cartilage is a firm but flexible connective tissue in your joints. It protects the joints by absorbing the pressure and shock created when you move and put stress on them. A reduction in the normal amount of this cartilage tissue cause some forms of arthritis. Yoga is giving new lease of life to many, so to tackle chronic diseases it is providing remedies which will be effective for your entire life. It is delivered to many people by PATANJALI. Yoga can give support to patients having arthritis through its numerous relevant postures (asana’s) which can be done very simply. Yoga does not send a message that if you do it regularly you will be relieved from a particular ailment. If it is performed each day it will add vital energy for smooth life even if you are suffering from any long term ailment. In this article we will be providing 5 postures (asana’s) which can be performed at any time in the day but early morning will always be preferred (empty stomach) to get good result. Secondly this postures must be implemented after due consultation with your physician. If your physician disapproves don’t do these postures as it will be harmful for your body.
Self-Medication Practices: A Threatening Challenge
Authors: Bante Vaishnavi , Rahate Vaishali , Dixit Rahul , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Jha Roshan Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Self-Medication is a growing concern for the health authorities especially in Urban population. This research was aimed to find the various determinants of Self-Medication and to assess the influence of Pharmacists, Perception about doctors, Self- Knowledge gaining attitude of the patients on Self-Medication.

Methods: This study was conducted in Nagpur city with a random sample constituting                      house wives, students, professionals and Businessman. The sample size was 71. Descriptive analyses, correlation analyses and multiple regressions were performed using SPSS Version            21.0.

Results: The results indicated that 80% of the housewives take the medicines on the basis of previous prescription, word of mouth or on the suggestion of the pharmacist. It was alarming to find that 76% of the students took the medicines on the basis of web search. Fever (39%), headache (33%) & Abdominal pain (23%) are the prominent reasons for Self-Medication. There was a positive correlation between Advice of Pharmacist, Self-knowledge collection attitude of the patient with the Self-Medication behavior. NSAID’s, anti-allergen and antibiotics are the most frequently used drugs.

Conclusion: Self-medication is an important health issue prevalent in India. Over the counter (OTC) and Old prescriptions available with the patients leads to rise in Self-Medication. There should be a strict regulatory control on procurement of drugs from the pharmacist.
Neuroprotective Outcome of Thymol against Global Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion injury in Albino Rats
Authors: Saila M. Hima , Ch Manga Devi , Thakur Santhrani
Published: July 2021

Aims: The purpose of the present study was targeted to explore the possible role of thymol against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in albino rats.

Study Design:  Healthy Albino Wistar rats (200–250 gm) were divided randomly into 5 groups (n=6).  Group I and II were considered as normal control and sham control, received 2% tween 80 orally, group III was ischemic- reperfusion (disease control) and received 2% tween 80 orally and Group IV and V received thymol at doses of 50 mg/kg, per oral and 100 mg/kg, per oral. respectively.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Sri Padmavathi School of pharmacy, Tiruchanur, Tirupati in between Sept 2019 to March 2020.

Methodology: Group I and II were considered as normal control and sham control, received  2% tween 80 orally, group III was ischemic- reperfusion (disease control) and received 2% tween 80 orally and Group IV and V received thymol at doses of 50 mg/kg, per oral (p.o) and 100 mg/kg, per oral (p.o). respectively. After pretreatment with thymol for 2 weeks, rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 1 hour accompanied by 22 hours reperfusion (I/R). After 22 hrs of reperfusion, motor coordination, hanging wire test, despair swim tests were studied. Antioxidant levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and pro-oxidant level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in brain tissue homogenate. Changes in cerebral infarct size and histopathology were studied.

Results: Pretreated groups of thymol (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o) showed significant improvement in neurobehavioral changes and attenuated oxidative damage as indicated by reduced LPO, restored GSH, SOD and CAT levels and decreased infract size when compared to ischemic reperfusion group.

Conclusion: This study suggests that thymol may have a beneficial role against global ischemia reperfusion induced damage caused by excessive free radicals and behavioral alterations in rats.
Consumers’ Post-purchase Regret Determinants in Sri Lankan Shopping Malls
Authors: Ekanayake E. A. S. K. , Karunarathne E. A. C. P.
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study aims to find the factors affecting post-purchase regret at shopping malls in Sri Lanka.  Marketing needs better recognition of customer behavior decisions. The importance of this study is to find the gaps in customer expectations and what malls actually deliver. It also aims to identify ways to create the best possible post-purchase customer experience.

Study design: Factors considered in this study have framed the number of alternatives forgone, the return process experience at mall shop, the self-esteem, and risk-aversion of the consumer.

Place and duration of study: People who have shopped at malls during the year 2020 were chosen via an online survey, and 369 responses were collected concerning the period mentioned above.

Methodology: A questionnaire was used to gather data, and its reliability has been tested with Pearson Product-Moment values and reliability measured via a factor analysis using SPSS application.

Results: The results indicated that the number of alternatives forgone, return procedure of the mall shop, and the consumers' self-esteem positively associated with post-purchase regret. At the same time, risk-aversion shows a negative relationship with post-purchase regret.

Conclusion: The number of alternatives is the most significant factor that relates to post-purchase regret. To lower the regret of alternatives forgone, mall shop managers must look into customer’s preferences. It is better to cluster the loyal and non-loyal customers in a long time. The number of options showcase in the mall must be limited, but with a sense of marketing. To decrease dissatisfaction with the return procedure, one should enhance the services behind the return procedure and provide correct directions. Risk aversion is negatively proportional to post-purchase regret.
Impact of overtime working and social interaction on the deterioration of mental well-being among full-time workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: Focusing on social isolation by household composition
Authors: Tomono Misa , Yamauchi Takashi , Suka Machi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has forced many employees to alter both their work style and lifestyle. This study aimed to examine how the combination of changes in overtime working hours and social interaction affects the full-time employees’ mental well-being, focusing on the difference in household composition.

Methods

In November 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional Internet survey that included 4388 Japanese men and women aged 25–64 years, who continued the same full-time job during the pandemic. We performed a logistic regression analysis using a combination of the changes in overtime working hours and social interaction as an independent variable, and the presence/absence of deterioration of mental well-being as the dependent variable.

Results

Overall, 44% of participants reported the deterioration of mental well-being compared to before the outbreak. The multivariate analysis revealed that the participants coded as “increased overtime/decreased interaction” were significantly associated with the deterioration of mental well-being compared to those with “unchanged overtime/unchanged interaction” (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–2.89). Moreover, this association was relatively stronger among single-person households (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.50–4.69).

Conclusions

The negative combination of increasing overtime working hours and decreasing social interaction may have an impact on the deterioration of mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this association was comparably strong among single-person households. In the pandemic, it is necessary to pay close attention to both overtime working hours and the presence of social interaction to address the mental well-being among employees.
Alert system for monitoring changes in patient anatomy during radiation therapy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Schaly Bryan , Kempe Jeff , Venkatesan Varagur , Mitchell Sylvia , Chen Jeff
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to validate a previously developed algorithm for alerting clinicians when to consider re‐CT simulation due to changes in the patient's anatomy during radiation therapy of head and neck cancer. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were collected prospectively for 77 patients. Each CBCT was mathematically compared to a reference CBCT using the gamma index. We defined the match quality parameter (MQP) as an indicator of CBCT image similarity, where a negative MQP value indicates a poorer CBCT match than the match between the first two CBCT acquired during treatment. If three consecutive MQP values were below a chosen threshold, an “alert” is triggered to indicate action required, for example, possible re‐CT simulation. The timing of image review requests made by the radiation therapists and any re‐CT/re‐plan decisions were documented for each patient's treatment course. The MQP for each patient (including any re‐plans) was calculated in a manner that was blinded from the clinical process. The MQP as a function of fraction number was compared to actual clinical decisions in the treatment progress to evaluate alert system performance. There was a total of 93 plans (including re‐plans) with 34 positives (action required) and 59 negatives (no action required). The sensitivity of the alert system was 0.76 and the false positive rate was 0.37. Only 1 case out of the 34 positive cases would have been missed by both the alert system and our clinical process. Despite the false negatives and false positives, analysis of the timing of alert triggers showed that the alert system could have resulted in seven fewer clinical misses. The alert system has the potential to be a valuable tool to complement human judgment and to provide a quality assurance safeguard to help improve the delivery of radiation treatment of head and neck cancer.
Profilometry‐Based Inverse Finite Element Method Indentation Plastometry
Authors: Clyne Trevor William , Campbell Jimmy Edward , Burley Max , Dean James
Published: July 2021

This is a review of the current state‐of‐the‐art regarding a particular approach to extraction of the (quasistatic) stress–strain relationship of a metallic sample from an indentation experiment. It is based on the application of a relatively high load (kN range) to the sample via a large spherical indenter (≈1 mm radius), followed by measurement of the indent profile. This profile is then used as the target outcome for inverse finite element method (FEM) modeling of the test, aimed at converging on the best fit set of parameter values in a constitutive plasticity law (true stress–true strain relationship). This can then be used to simulate any specified loading configuration, including a conventional tensile test. Commercial products are now available in which the indentation, profilometry, and convergence operations are all automated and completed within a few minutes. The review covers the various conceptual and practical issues involved in implementation and optimization of these procedures, including both those related to the measurement system (experimental and FEM simulation) and those associated with the sample (such as anisotropy, inhomogeneities, and residual stresses). An attempt is made to convey an impression of the expected levels of reliability and also the scope for obtaining insights that are not readily obtainable using other types of test.
Preclinical Cancer Theranostics—From Nanomaterials to Clinic: The Missing Link
Authors: Johnson Kochurani K. , Koshy Pramod , Yang Jia‐Lin , Sorrell Charles C.
Published: July 2021

Nanomaterials with cancer‐imaging and therapeutic properties have emerged as the principal focus of nanotheranostics. The past decade has experienced a significant increase in research in the design, formulation, and preclinical and clinical trials of theranostic nanosystems. However, current theranostic nanoformulations have yet to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. Consequently, the present review focuses on the importance of the careful examination of the in vivo preclinical status of specific nanotheranostic materials as a prerequisite for their clinical translation. The scope of coverage is structured according to all of the major organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanotheranostic materials and their in vivo preclinical status. The therapeutic advantages and limitations of these materials in animal models are considered and the various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarized.
2D van der Waals Heterojunction of Organic and Inorganic Monolayers for High Responsivity Phototransistors
Authors: Zhao Baolin , Gan Ziyang , Johnson Manuel , Najafidehaghani Emad , Rejek Tobias , George Antony , Fink Rainer H. , Turchanin Andrey , Halik Marcus
Published: July 2021

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composing of organic molecules with inorganic 2D crystals open the door to fabricate various promising hybrid devices. Here, a fully ordered organic self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) to construct hybrid organic–inorganic vdW heterojunction phototransistors for highly sensitive light detection is used. The heterojunctions, formed by layering MoS2 monolayer crystals onto organic [12‐(benzo[b]benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophen‐2‐yl)dodecyl)]phosphonic acid SAM, are characterized by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as Kelvin probe force microscopy. Remarkably, this vdW heterojunction transistor exhibits a superior photoresponsivity of 475 A W−1 and enhanced external quantum efficiency of 1.45 × 105%, as well as an extremely low dark photocurrent in the pA range. This work demonstrates that hybridizing SAM with 2D materials can be a promising strategy for fabricating diversified optoelectronic devices with unique properties.
Oxygen‐Independent Photocleavage of Radical Nanogenerator for Near‐IR‐Gated and H2O‐Mediated Free‐Radical Nanotherapy
Authors: Chen Yixin , Xiang Huijing , Zhuang Shangwen , Shen Yujia , Chen Yu , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2021

The oxygen‐dependent nature and limited penetration capacity of visible light render the low efficiency of photodynamic therapy in hypoxic and deep‐seated tumors. Therefore, the development of oxygen‐free photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by near‐IR (NIR) light‐cleavable photocages is in high demand. Here, an oxygen‐irrelevant PACT strategy based on NIR light‐triggered hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation is developed for free‐radical nanotherapy. Blebbistatin‐loaded upconversion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UCSNs‐B) is established to facilitate the high loading efficiency of blebbistatin and implement the efficient transformation of NIR light into blue light for unprecedented direct photorelease of oxygen‐independent •OH. Under NIR laser irradiation, UCSNs‐B converted NIR light into blue light, thus enabling the photocleavage of blebbistatin to induce the burst of •OH. The •OH burst under NIR laser irradiation further induces cancer cell apoptosis and significant suppression of hypoxic tumors. In addition, the gadolinium ion (Gd3+)‐doped UCSNs‐B are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging to facilitate real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic processes. This study effectively demonstrates that the UCSNs‐B act as NIR light‐triggered photocages to facilitate oxygen‐irrelevant •OH bursts, thus providing insights into the development of efficient PACT nanoagents for cancer treatment.