bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stigma associated with mental illness and its treatment in the Arab culture: A systematic review
Authors: Zolezzi Monica , Alamri Maha , Shaar Shahd , Rainkie Daniel
Published: July 2018

Background:

Mental health has not had the same public profile as physical health. This has contributed to the stigma associated with mental illness and to its treatments. Research investigating how the traditions and values amongst those with an Arab heritage contribute to stigmatizing beliefs, attitudes or actions in the provision of mental healthcare has not been widely reported.

Aim:

To systematically review the literature and summarize the findings of studies reporting stigmatizing beliefs, actions and attitudes toward treatment of people with mental illness in the Arab population.

Methods:

PubMed, Ovid, Psycharticles and Embase were used to identify original studies of non-institutionalized Arab adults or children reporting findings relevant to stigma toward mental illness. A manual search of the bibliography of all selected original studies was also undertaken. Independent data extraction was performed by two reviewers, who then met to compare data and reach consensus. Findings were classified as stigmatizing beliefs, actions or attitudes toward mental health treatments.

Results:

A total of 33 articles were retrieved for full review. Those utilizing qualitative methodology provided insight into the many ways mental illness is viewed and defined among those with an Arab heritage. Among the studies using quantitative methodology, most compared stigmatizing beliefs, attitudes toward mental health treatments or stigmatizing actions among different Arab populations, some also investigated correlations between characteristics of the Arab population tested with stigmatizing beliefs, actions and attitudes toward mental health treatments. Findings from studies undertaken in Qatar reported greater stigmatizing beliefs, actions or attitudes toward mental health treatments among Qatari versus non-Qatari Arabs.

Conclusion:

A large diversity in the stigmatizing beliefs, actions and attitudes toward treatment of mental illness within the Arab population were identified. The influence of cultural variations on stigma should be explored further and used to tailor anti-stigma interventions in this population.
Temple University’s African American Studies PhD Program @ 30: Assessing the Asante Affect
Authors: Reid-Merritt Patricia
Published: July 2018

Temple University’s Department of Africology and African American Studies is celebrating its 30th year of operation as a PhD program. Since its inception in l988, the doctoral program at Temple has attracted and produced world-class scholars in the discipline of Africology. Initially started by students at San Francisco State University in l968 as Black Studies, the field has been called by many names, including Afro-American Studies, African American Studies, African World Studies, Africana Studies, Pan African Studies, and Africology. As this modern-day field of study marks its 50th anniversary, it is important that we examine the impact of the 30-year history of the establishment of the first PhD program in Black Studies in the nation, founded at Temple University in the City of Philadelphia. This article offers a preliminary assessment of the far-reaching impact of Temple’s academic leadership in establishing a fundamental base for innovative scholarship and the maturing of the discipline of Africology. More specifically, it focuses on Molefi Kete Asante’s influence, his vision for the discipline, and his extraordinary impact on the field of Africology.
A brief summary and critique of criminal liability rules for intoxicated conduct
Authors: Robinson Paul H
Published: July 2018

This essay provides an overview of the legal issues relating to intoxication, including the effect of voluntary intoxication in imputing to an offender a required culpable state of mind that he may not actually have had at the time of the offence; the effect of involuntary intoxication in providing a defence by negating a required offence culpability element or by satisfying the conditions of a general excuse; the legal effect of alcoholism or addiction in rendering intoxication involuntary; and the limitation on using alcoholism or addiction in this way if the offender can be judged to be reasonably responsible for creating his own addiction. It notes some of the differences between the US and UK approaches on some issues.
A Rationale for Requiring Philosophy of Education in Preservice Teacher Programs
Authors: LaBelle Jeffrey T. , Belknap Gabrielle
Published: July 2018

To develop a rationale for requiring a free-standing philosophy of education course in preservice teacher programs, the researchers reviewed prior literature to construct a framework to establish such a requirement. A review of required course content in non-Catholic (private and public) colleges and universities with preservice teacher programs in five Midwestern states in the United States revealed that most do not require such a course, hence the need for programs to reconsider how licensure candidates develop their teaching philosophies and review program articulation and course content. This study proposes a fourfold theoretical rationale for requiring philosophy of education of preservice teachers.
Odyssey of the Mind
Authors: Wasik Suzan Z. , Barrow Jennifer
Published: July 2018

The career landscape has changed dramatically over the past two decades with the adoption of technology and an increasingly global and virtual workforce. As a result, schools and academic institutions must go beyond current curriculum to teach and develop the new skills and competencies that are required to keep pace with the demands of careers in the 21st century. This article examines the adoption of the Odyssey of the Mind program—a competitive creative problem-solving model—as a way to teach, develop, and demonstrate social emotional intelligence and other related soft skills that are necessary to master for current and future career success.
Emotional Intelligence Profile of High Academic Performance Students in Computer Engineering
Authors: Pertegal-Felices María L. , Castejón-Costa Juan L. , Gilar-Corbí Raquel , Mora-Mora Higinio
Published: July 2018

Several studies have documented the benefits of emotional intelligence particularly in the workplace. The main objective of universities is to educate in terms of acquiring capacities, abilities, competencies, and values, with the ultimate aim of promoting employment. In some Spanish universities, High Academic Performance Groups (HAPs) have been launched to strengthen the potential of the most outstanding students. This study is aimed to know the differences in the emotional intelligence profile of the HAP students. The study shows no significant differences, being recommendable to consider providing aid and support for HAP students in the development of this type of intelligence.
Challenges to primary healthcare services in the management of non-communicable diseases in marginalised populations on the Thailand–Myanmar border: a pilot survey
Authors: Saito Makoto , Keereevijit Arunrot , San Thi Dar , Thein Yin Yin , Gilder Mary Ellen , McGready Rose
Published: July 2018

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are emerging rapidly. This manuscript reports on a pilot survey of NCDs at a primary healthcare level in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand–Myanmar border in the face of declining rates of malaria.

A retrospective audit of routine clinic (2004–2016) and NCD patient survey data (2014–2016) was conducted. The length of follow-up was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

From July 2014 to July 2016, 238 migrant patients were on the NCD register. Hypertension (n = 80) and diabetes mellitus (n = 51) were the most common diagnoses. After the first consultation, 41% (95% confidence interval = 35–47%) were lost to follow-up by 30 days. NCD retention rates were low: 50% of registered patients were lost to follow-up by 80 (95% CI = 49–132) days.

After this survey, a novel low-cost insurance scheme for the migrant community has been launched in this area. Development of new schemes involving patients, healthcare providers and funding support are required for improved and sustainable NCD care for marginalised populations.
Stakeholder Theory: A Luhmannian Perspective
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav , Roth Steffen , Will Matthias Georg
Published: July 2018

We explore the cross-fertilization potential between stakeholder theory and Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory. Social systems, such as corporations or nonprofits, are defined by complexity reduction and operational closure, which may render them insensitive to their environment and undermine their sustainability. This vision resonates with stakeholder theory’s arguments on the importance of the corporate responsiveness to stakeholder interests. The suggested common ground between the theories yields novel insights into key concepts of stakeholder theory such as the contrast between the jointness of stakeholder interests and trade-off thinking, the normativity of the stakeholder idea, and the meaning of corporate social responsibility.
Line Managers as Paradox Navigators in HRM Implementation: Balancing Consistency and Individual Responsiveness
Authors: Fu Na , Flood Patrick C. , Rousseau Denise M. , Morris Tim
Published: July 2018

Human resource management (HRM) research has broadened its focus beyond the intended HRM designed by executives to include the actual HRM line managers implement. In this study of a global professional services firm, we investigate the content and process of HRM implementation. HRM content refers to the degree or extent to which line managers implement HRM practices. The process of HRM implementation entails two seemingly contradictory dimensions of those practices: consistency (treating team members uniformly) and individual responsiveness (considering individual differences in contributions). Studying 171 employees and their line managers in 60 consulting project teams, we jointly address the effects of consistency and individual responsiveness in line manager HRM implementation. Results indicate that the degree and consistency of HRM implementation by line managers is positively related to individual job performance. In addition, consistency is found to moderate the link between the individual responsiveness of line manager HRM implementation and individual job performance such that the link is stronger when consistency is high. However, no impact is found for team viability. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Economics of Just Transition: A Framework for Supporting Fossil Fuel–Dependent Workers and Communities in the United States
Authors: Pollin Robert , Callaci Brian
Published: July 2018

We develop a Just Transition framework for U.S. workers and communities that are currently dependent on domestic fossil fuel production. Our rough high-end estimate for such a program is a relatively modest $600 million per year. This level of funding would pay for (1) income, retraining, and relocation support for workers facing retrenchments; (2) guaranteeing the pensions for workers in the affected industries; and (3) mounting effective transition programs for what are now fossil fuel–dependent communities.
Factor Structure for Chronic Stress Before and During Pregnancy by Racial/Ethnic Group
Authors: Kim Sangmi , Im Eun-Ok , Liu Jianghong , Ulrich Connie
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to explore race/ethnicity-specific dimensionalities of chronic stress before and during pregnancy for non-Hispanic (N-H) White, N-H Black, Hispanic, and Asian women in the United States. This study analyzed the data among 6,850 women from the New York City and Washington State Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2004-2007) linked with birth certificates. Separate exploratory factor analysis was conducted by race/ethnicity using a maximum-likelihood extraction method with 26 chronic stress items before and during pregnancy. Correlations and internal consistency reliabilities among items and latent factors determined race/ethnicity-specific factor structures of chronic stress. Chronic stress was race/ethnicity-distinctive and multidimensional with low correlations among the factors ( r = .07-.28, p < .05). Despite financial hardship, perceived isolation, and physical violence underlying chronic stress among the racial/ethnic groups, intergroup variations existed under each group’s cultural or sociopolitical contexts. This study could help develop targeted strategies to intervene with women’s chronic stressors before childbirth.
Awake vs Sedated Tracheostomies: A Review and Comparison at a Single Institution
Authors: Kaufman Michael R. , Alfonso Kristan P. , Burke Kristen , Aouad Rony K.
Published: July 2018

Objective

The literature surrounding awake tracheostomies is sparse, particularly comparing awake tracheostomy patients to that of the sedated tracheostomy population. This study sought to compare tracheostomy patient demographics, indications, and outcomes of the 2 populations.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods

All tracheostomies performed at our tertiary academic medical institution between January 2013 through November 2015 were reviewed. The data collected included demographics, comorbidity, anticoagulation, and outcomes.

Results

A total of 978 tracheostomies performed during this period met inclusion criteria, with 78 (8.0%) on awake patients. Most awake procedures were performed by otolaryngology (97.4%). Male sex predominated (73.1% awake vs 57.8% sedated). Forty‐four patients (56.4%) were smokers in the awake group vs 326 of 900 (36.2%) in the sedated group. Malignancy was the primary indication for awake tracheostomy (68/78, 87.1%). One patient (1.3%) had significant postoperative bleeding compared to 26 of 900 (2.9%) of the sedated tracheostomy patients (P =. 406). Only 9 (11.4%) were ever decannulated. Thirty‐one (39.2%) patients ultimately underwent total laryngectomy, 3 could not be decannulated secondary to anatomical causes (stenosis or vocal fold paralysis), and 19 were lost to follow‐up after discharge. There were 12 of 78 (15.4%) overall deaths in the awake cohort, with 215 of 900 (23.9%) in the sedated cohort (P =. 088).

Conclusion

Despite all the differences between the 2 patient populations, the urgent awake tracheostomy appears to be safe and its complications do not appear significantly different from the sedated population.
Partner congruence on fertility intentions and values: Implications for birth outcomes
Authors: Shreffler Karina M. , Tiemeyer Stacy , McQuillan Julia , Greil Arthur L. , Spierling Tiffany
Published: July 2018

In heterosexual couples, both partners’ intentions to have a baby (or not) are associated with the likelihood of a subsequent birth, yet most studies only measure women’s intentions. Therefore, little is known about the potential association of couple agreement or disagreement on intentions or on such values as importance of parenthood, career, and leisure and the implications for childbearing. The goal of this article is to assess whether couple-level agreement or disagreement in fertility intentions and values are associated with the likelihood of a subsequent birth. Guided by the Theory of Conjunctural Action, we use couple data from two waves of the U.S. National Survey of Fertility Barriers for our analysis. Based on logistic regression analysis, we find that if either partner intends a child, the odds of having a baby within 3 years are higher than if neither partner intends and that the odds are substantially higher when both partners intend a child. Couples in whom both partners and couples in whom only the woman has a high value on career success are less likely to have a baby. Our findings suggest that agreement on fertility intentions is associated with considerably higher birth probability and that values about life domains matter as well. Couple disagreement on intentions and values are related in different ways to birth outcomes depending on which partner holds which value as important. Using data from both partners allows us to examine the patterns of couple agreement, values, and gendered influences related to birth outcomes.
Interpersonal communication and psychological well-being among couples coping with sensory loss: The mediating role of perceived spouse support
Authors: Hofsöe Sofia Maria , Lehane Christine M. , Wittich Walter , Hilpert Peter , Dammeyer Jesper
Published: July 2018

Couples who are willing to discuss sensory loss-related issues typically report better well-being, while couples who avoid such discussions tend to report poorer well-being. Inspired by the relationship intimacy model, the present study examined whether the link between couples’ sensory loss-related communication and well-being can be explained by perceived spouse support and whether this mediation mechanism is stable over time. Adults with sensory loss (AWSLs) and their spouses ( N = 206 individuals) completed an online survey and were followed up 6 months later. A multi-group actor–partner interdependence mediation model was used to test the mediation mechanism as well as its stability over time. Results showed that the association between couples’ willingness to communicate about the sensory loss and psychological well-being was mediated by perceived spouse support for AWSLs only. Furthermore, this mediation effect remained stable over the 6-month period. These results support prior research that the manner in which couples communicate about the sensory loss is important for their well-being. However, because perceived spouse support was not found to mediate the association for spouses, future studies should investigate other factors as potential mediating mechanisms among spouses of adults with sensory loss.
A Mexican strategy to promote greater ethics in academic communications through nation-wide access to Turnitin
Authors: Cortes-Vera Jesus , Garcia Thelma J. , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D.
Published: July 2018

This document explores the challenges and perspectives behind the initiative for enabling Mexican universities and research centers to access the Turnitin software, a strategy for promoting greater ethics in academic and scientific communications. It presents information obtained through documentary research, from the experience of using the software during the last academic semester, from interviews with the coordinator of the National Consortium of Scientific and Technological Resources (CONRICyT), and with the Turnitin company representative for Mexico. Given the emerging nature of this project and the complexity of the issue, the results presented consist of a non-comprehensive list of benefits and challenges that emerged from using the software, as well as recommendations to harness its use and consolidate a culture for the ethical use of information in academic and scientific communications.
Cluster-status migrainosus with a weekly periodicity responsive to high-flow oxygen: A case report
Authors: Seav Susan M , Schuster Nathaniel M
Published: July 2018

Background

There are cases in the headache literature described as “cluster-migraine,” but none of stereotyped cases of cluster headache evolving into status migrainosus. We believe this is the first documented case of “cluster-status migrainosus”.

Case

A 54 year-old female hospital administrator presented with headaches with a unique periodicity and semiology that were acutely responsive to high-flow oxygen. She experienced cluster headache attacks every Thursday morning at 3–4 am, which would evolve into status migrainosus lasting through Sunday evening. These attacks were preceded by prodromal depressed mood changes and fluid retention, and later followed by postdromal euphoria and auto-diuresis. These attacks initially occurred every other week and progressed to weekly attacks for 1.5 years. These headaches did not respond to trials of propanolol, sodium valproate, topiramate, amitriptyline, gabapentin, and carbamazepine for preventive treatment or to oral sumatriptan and butalbital-acetaminophen-caffeine for acute treatment. We started her on high-flow 100% oxygen for cluster headache, which successfully aborted greater than 80% of her weekly cluster headache attacks and prevented them from evolving into status migrainosus.

Conclusion

We believe this is the first case of “cluster-status migranosus” described in the medical literature. High-flow oxygen both aborted the cluster headaches and prevented the ensuing status migrainosus.
Adolescents’ Impact on Family Economy in Sweden: During the First Decades of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Bäcklund Dan , Lilja Kristina
Published: July 2018

Adolescents’ income contributions to working-class families decreased between the 1910s and the 1930s in Sweden. This was significant for adolescents’ right to self-determination. By using household budget surveys, this article shows that at the time of the Great Depression, working adolescents paid less at home than had been common at the beginning of the twentieth century. Youth unemployment is one explanation, although it was also a consequence of children keeping more of their earnings for themselves. This development led to rising costs for having children and is interpreted as an aspect of the trade-off between quantity and quality of children.
In vitro study for the evaluation of transluminal aspiration as a novel treatment option for thrombosis in the HeartWare HVAD
Authors: Gärtner Theresa , Beropoulis Efthymios , Wendl Regina , Hanke Jasmin S , Dogan Günes , Chatterjee Anamika , Haverich Axel , Torsello Giovanni , Schmitto Jan D , Bisdas Theodosios , Feldmann Christina
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Pump thrombosis of left ventricular assist devices remains a devastating complication with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the improvements made, the matter affects many patients and the treatment options are limited to thrombolysis and surgical replacement. An alternative approach using the aspiration Indigo catheter was tested.

Methods:

An Indigo thrombectomy catheter was used within an in vitro model to assess the direct aspiration of prefabricated clots from three different positions within the HeartWare HVAD (inlet, outlet, and housing). The experiments were conducted with a straight and an angled catheter. The aspiration pressure was constant. The flow, power consumption, and pressure head of the left ventricular assist devices were measured at pre-defined measuring points.

Results:

The device was more effective (success rate 71%) at inlet and outlet of the left ventricular assist device. In addition, the duration of aspiration and the aspiration volume were shorter in comparison to the aspiration in the housing (inlet M = 19.75 s, outlet M = 60.50 s, and housing M = 38.75 s). Moreover, the aspiration volume was associated with the aspiration duration and the weight of thrombi but not with their volume. Noteworthy, the angled catheter showed an improved performance compared to the straight one (67%–33%). The recorded parameters showed no major changes during the use of the catheter. After application of the Indigo catheter, flow and pressure head of the pump could be restored.

Conclusions:

The aspiration system showed promising results under specific conditions for the treatment of pump thrombosis in an in vitro model. However, further examination, including in vivo experiments, will justify its effectiveness.
Postincident Interpersonal Difficulty Among Adolescent Victims of Violent Crime
Authors: Phillips Jason B.
Published: July 2018

Adolescents are exposed to high levels of violence in the United States. Exposure to violence at this point in the life course can have both short- and long-term consequences for young victims that include socioemotional distress and depression, substance abuse, and delinquency. Prior research indicates that positive, productive, and supportive reactions on the parts of those close to targets of violence attenuate feelings of distress and social anomie that many victims report. However, less attention has been devoted to the attributes of criminal violence that may stress the postincident interpersonal relationships of victims and their family members, friends, or peers. The disquieting effects of violence and bodily injury may influence how victims characterize their social connections in the wake of violent crime. This study uses data from the National Crime Victimization Survey ( N = 1,652) to assess whether characteristics of violent acts and victims predict reports of postincident interpersonal difficulties made by violent crime victims aged 12 to 20. The findings are that more severe forms or levels of violence (e.g., robberies and sexual assaults) and reports of physical injuries are linked to perceptions of relationship difficulties with members of social networks by adolescent victims of violent crime. This study makes a contribution to our understanding of victimization by identifying levels of violence and injury as independent stressors on victims’ perceptions of their relationships and as relevant components of how younger victims see themselves or are perceived by others. It also represents a direct test of whether attributes of violent acts undermine adolescents’ perceptions of the quality of their relationships. The results of the study could also aid in the development of interventions that better address the needs of both young victims and their supporters.
Agreement on Reporting Intimate Partner Violence Among Nepalese Couples: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yoshikawa Kayoko , Shakya Tara Maiya , Poudel Krishna Chandra , Jimba Masamine
Published: July 2018

When intimate partner violence (IPV) data are collected from only one partner, they are often subject to considerable reporting bias. However, it is not easy to collect such data from couples, and inaccuracies might result in discrepancies, which needs a resolution. We assessed the concordance on reports of lifetime and previous year physical, sexual, and emotional IPV against wives, as reported by both Nepalese wives and husbands. The association of possible risk factors with discordant reporting of IPV was also analyzed. We conducted a cross-sectional study in two areas in Nepal between August and September 2011. We collected data from 717 randomly selected couples on lifetime and previous year experience of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV against wives, as well as their sociodemographic characteristics. We calculated the kappa coefficients and agreement percentage to assess the concordance on wives’ reports of IPV victimization and husbands’ reports of IPV perpetration. We also performed multiple logistic regressions to identify the factors associated with discordant reporting of IPV among couples. Levels of concordance between wives’ and husbands’ reports of IPV were significantly low, as indicated by kappa coefficients, ranging from .20 (sexual and emotional IPV) to .24 (physical IPV) in lifetime experience and from .15(sexual IPV) to .18 (physical IPV) in previous year experience. Wives’ caste, husbands’ age and education, household income, and place of residence were significantly associated with discordance in IPV reports among Nepalese couples. Discordant reporting about IPV is common among Nepalese couples. Collecting information from both partners might be important to obtain more reliable data on IPV in the Nepalese context.
A Web of Disheartenment With Hope on the Horizon: Intimate Partner Violence in Rural and Northern Communities
Authors: Faller Y. Nichole , Wuerch Melissa Anne , Hampton Mary Rucklos , Barton Sylvia , Fraehlich Cheryl , Juschka Darlene , Milford Krista , Moffitt Pertice , Ursel Jane , Zederayko Alexis
Published: July 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has become a worldwide epidemic, yet little is known about the experiences of women survivors living in rural and Northern Canadian communities. Existing statistics suggest that women living in rural areas of the Canadian Prairie Provinces and Northwest Territories (NWT) are at a significantly higher risk of experiencing IPV. To better understand the experiences of IPV in these regions, qualitative interviews were conducted with service providers, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Victims Services, Shelter Services, counselors, and others (e.g., physicians). In total, 122 participants were interviewed. These interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach where the data/results were transformed into a pictorial matrix that documents the struggles that service providers endure. The matrix/results highlight how social issues, such as isolation and poverty, contribute to social oppressions, such as lack of resources, transportation, and/or services. As service providers struggle against these forces, they begin to develop feelings of disheartenment. Yet, they continue to fight because there are opposing forces, such as Emergency Intervention Orders, police transportation, and Victim Services, that demonstrate how societal response is improving the lives and increasing safety in rural and Northern communities. Ultimately, the results suggest that to reduce the incidences of IPV, we must go beyond the violent acts and deal with the social contexts in which IPV resides.
Comparison of Emotional Dispositions Between Street Gang and Non-Gang Prisoners
Authors: Mallion Jaimee S. , Wood Jane L.
Published: July 2018

Effectively recognizing, identifying, and utilizing emotional stimuli is essential for successful social interactions, with deficits in these robustly identified as risk factors for offending. Psychological understanding of street gang membership is limited, particularly surrounding emotional dispositions distinguishing street gang from non-gang offenders. This study examined how street gang members compare with non-gang offenders on trait emotional intelligence (TEI), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), callous–unemotional traits, anger rumination, and aggression. Recruited through volunteer sampling, participants included 73 (44 street gang and 29 non-gang) male offenders incarcerated at a U.K. Category C prison. Participants completed seven questionnaires assessing emotional dispositions, social desirability, and, consistent with the Eurogang definition, street gang membership. To compare participants’ demographics and identify the predictors of street gang membership, chi-square and discriminant function analyses were conducted. With a significant discriminant function, Λ = .80, χ2(6) = 14.96, p = .021, high levels of ASPD, anger rumination, and aggression and low levels of TEI predict street gang membership. Compared with non-gang prisoners, street gang prisoners did not differ on callous–unemotional traits, age, or ethnicity. Results suggest that, compared with non-gang prisoners, street gang members were more likely to possess dysfunctional emotional dispositions. Findings from this research have important implications in terms of developing interventions for street gang membership. Specifically, this research supports the need for gang-specific early intervention and prevention programs, with emotion-focused components. Ideas for future research are discussed, including the identification of further sociocognitive, personality, and emotional traits distinguishing street gang from non-gang offenders.
Understanding e-Justice and Open Justice Through the Assessment of Judicial Websites: Toward a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Sandoval-Almazan Rodrigo , Gil-Garcia J. Ramon
Published: July 2018

The pressure to adopt information technologies has clearly reached the judicial branch of government. General trends toward greater transparency and more openness in the public sector have pushed judges, ministers, and lawyers to use emergent technologies and to provide more information online. In fact, judicial agencies have created their own websites with diverse levels of technological sophistication and functionality, often with the intention of opening their processes and interacting with multiple stakeholders. In contrast to the executive branch, however, little is known about the structure, usability, content, and impacts of these websites. There is also no clear understanding of how judicial websites could be used to better understand and assess electronic justice and open justice efforts. Using a longitudinal mixed-method research design, this study analyzes the functionality of judicial websites and proposes a comprehensive assessment framework that not only evaluates the availability of information but also the participatory mechanisms related to e-justice and open justice. We started with an exploratory research project, followed by a pilot evaluation, and ended with an assessment of the 32 state judicial websites in Mexico in 2014 and 2016. Based on the results of these empirical efforts, this article proposes a framework to understand e-justice and open justice through the assessment of judicial websites.
Artificial Intelligence and Inclusion: Formerly Gang-Involved Youth as Domain Experts for Analyzing Unstructured Twitter Data
Authors: Frey William R. , Patton Desmond U. , Gaskell Michael B. , McGregor Kyle A.
Published: July 2018

Mining social media data for studying the human condition has created new and unique challenges. When analyzing social media data from marginalized communities, algorithms lack the ability to accurately interpret off-line context, which may lead to dangerous assumptions about and implications for marginalized communities. To combat this challenge, we hired formerly gang-involved young people as domain experts for contextualizing social media data in order to create inclusive, community-informed algorithms. Utilizing data from the Gang Intervention and Computer Science Project—a comprehensive analysis of Twitter data from gang-involved youth in Chicago—we describe the process of involving formerly gang-involved young people in developing a new part-of-speech tagger and content classifier for a prototype natural language processing system that detects aggression and loss in Twitter data. We argue that involving young people as domain experts leads to more robust understandings of context, including localized language, culture, and events. These insights could change how data scientists approach the development of corpora and algorithms that affect people in marginalized communities and who to involve in that process. We offer a contextually driven interdisciplinary approach between social work and data science that integrates domain insights into the training of qualitative annotators and the production of algorithms for positive social impact.
A novel carborane-containing ceramic precursor: Synthesis, characterization, and ceramic conversion mechanism
Authors: Tong Dejin , Wang Haipeng , Chen Lei , Wang Lei , Li Zhanxiong
Published: July 2018

Linear carborane-carbosilane-phenylacetylene polymers have been synthesized as precursors for ceramic and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). Novel linear polymers have the advantage of being extremely easy to process and convert into ceramics, since they are either viscous liquids or low melting solids at room temperature and are soluble in most organic solvents. Ceramic conversion reaction of the polymers was studied, and the conversion mechanism using thermogravimetric analyzer, FT-IR, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was proposed. During the early heating period in the mechanism, the precursor polymer is cured and oligomer is formed. Then the degradation of oligomer takes place at higher temperatures with the weak bond cleaved and cross-linked simultaneously. Ceramic yield of the polymer after heating up to 1000°C in nitrogen (N2) was 77.6%. The derived ceramics exhibit excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, whose 5% mass loss temperature was identified to be 650°C in N2 and 665°C in air, respectively. Boron appears to be the key element to achieve the outstanding thermo-oxidative stability. The relevant kinetic data were obtained by two kinds of model-free-kinetic algorithms, differential Friedman and integral Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. These two methods were combined to give the energy profile, which has been identified to be a function of the transformation degree ( α), since the energy demand at each degradation stage is different depending on α.
Linguistic Synchrony Predicts the Immediate and Lasting Impact of Text-Based Emotional Support
Authors: Doré Bruce P. , Morris Robert R.
Published: July 2018

Emotional support is critical to well-being, but the factors that determine whether support attempts succeed or fail are incompletely understood. Using data from more than 1 million support interactions enacted within an online environment, we showed that emotional-support attempts are more effective when there is synchrony in the behavior of support providers and recipients reflective of shared psychological understanding. Benefits of synchrony in language used and semantic content conveyed were apparent in immediate measures of support impact (recipient ratings of support effectiveness and expressions of gratitude), as well as delayed measures of lasting change in the emotional impact of stressful life situations (recipient ratings of emotional recovery made at a 1-hr delay). These findings identify linguistic synchrony as a process underlying successful emotional support and provide direction for future work investigating support processes enacted via linguistic behaviors.
Numerical investigation of the power extraction mechanism of flapping foil tidal energy harvesting devices
Authors: Pourmahdavi Maryam , Safari Mohammad Naghi , Derakhshan Shahram
Published: July 2018

The flapping foil hydrokinetics turbine is a new method to generate energy from incoming flow field. The numerical simulations have been performed computationally by using two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. It was found that the maximum energy efficiency reached about 35.2% when the reduced frequency was 0.11; at this time, the foil experienced a light dynamic stall and two opposite-sign vorticities were shed from the foil per half of the cycle. This report also studied the energy extraction performance of flapping foil device and the correlation between the foil kinematic parameters and the flow fields around it at actual operating Reynolds number comprehensively. In addition, the vortex variation and the pressure coefficient distribution along the foil’s surface were used to demonstrate the mechanism of flapping foil energy generation turbine. The creation and shedding of the leading edge vortex played the critical role in energy transformation between the flow fluid and energy harvesting systems. Therefore, if the timing of the leading edge vortex generation and shedding is controlled, the energy extraction efficiency can be increased considerably.
Examination and implementation for direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor with space vector modulation
Authors: Ning Bowen , Cheng Shanmei , Yan Baokang , Zhou Fengxing
Published: July 2018

This study investigates the direct torque control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor with the space vector modulation, on account of large torque fluctuation and varied switching frequency of classic direct torque control strategy. The relationship among the terminal control voltages and the torque and stator flux of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is derived through the dynamic model of motor. Accordingly, the torque and the flux closed-loop feedback control structure are established, where the error signals are regulated by the proportional and integral controllers to generate output voltages. Furthermore, the parameters of the controllers are designed through explicitly analyzing the frequency domain models of the torque control loop and the flux control loop. The accurate calculation formula of control parameters, which has both explicit setting target and definite physical meaning, is obtained. Therefore, the design of torque and flux controller parameters becomes easy in the direct torque control with space vector modulation technology, and satisfactory flux and torque control can be acquired. Finally, simulation and experimental tests are demonstrated in support of the validity of the investigated scheme and the feasibility of the proposed controller parameter design.
Cytochrome C suppresses renal accumulation and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B
Authors: Li Z-D , Luo J , Jia L-H , Wang X-Y , Xun Z-K , Liu M
Published: July 2018

The receptor megalin plays an important role in the accumulation of polymyxin B (PMB) in renal cells in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effects of cytochrome c (cyto c), a typical megalin ligand, on renal accumulation and nephrotoxicity of PMB in vivo. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the vehicle control group, PMB group, PMB + cyto c 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg group, respectively, and were treated with intravenous cyto c 30 min before the administration of PMB 4.0 mg/kg once a day for consecutive 5 days. On the 4th day after administration, 24 h urine was collected to determine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase excretion. Six hours after the last injection on the 5th day, kidneys were harvested to assay PMB concentration and observe pathological alterations, and blood samples were collected to assay serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and blood β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels. Cyto c 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg decreased the accumulation of PMB in the kidney by 18.5%, 39.1% ( p < 0.01), and 36.8% ( p < 0.01), respectively, and reduced 24 h N-acetyl-β-D- glucosaminidase excretion by 22.5% ( p < 0.05), 40.4% ( p < 0.01), and 40.4% ( p < 0.01), respectively. Kidney pathological damage induced by PMB was markedly reduced by cyto c 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. However, there were no significant differences in SCr, BUN, and blood β2-MG levels among the groups. These results indicated that cyto c may inhibit the renal accumulation and nephrotoxicity of PMB in a rat model, further proving the role of megalin in the accumulation of PMB.
Paperwork, compassion and temporal conflicts in British social work
Authors: Yuill Chris , Mueller-Hirth Natascha
Published: July 2018

While previous literature has examined time discourses in social work and demonstrated that social work is predicated on linear understandings of time, one area that has received little theoretical and empirical attention in the literature on time and social work is what effects various social work temporalities exert on the lifeworld of social workers and how they shape their working days. This paper draws on semi-structured interviews with British social workers and employs an abductive approach to data analysis. By analysing the participants’ experiences of time and work, the article identifies two temporalities that exist in social work practice, paperwork time and compassionate time. Paperwork time is linear, instantaneous and accelerated, requiring social workers to juggle multiple competing demands and needs. Compassionate time is more developmental and cyclical and requires slower engagement. The paper then discusses how social workers negotiated these contradictory temporalities and highlights the potentially negative effects of temporal conflicts on people’s health, well-being and on social work practice at large.
In the anytime: Flexible time structures, student experience and temporal equity in higher education
Authors: Bunn Matthew , Bennett Anna , Burke Penny J
Published: July 2018

Time is often taken-for-granted as abstract and constant, even though the lives we lead are always changing within the context of time and because of time. In this paper, we explore the hidden challenges of hegemonic neoliberal framings of ‘flexibility’ which urge students to presume that study-time is asynchronous and can be engaged with anytime, eroding recognition that it is contextual and much more structured than expected. Timing is dynamic and shifts in relation to broader economic, spatial and cultural changes, all of which shape the ‘temporal dis/positions’ we discuss. A study that included 27 interviews with Australian university students is drawn on to illuminate these points. We argue that through the neo-liberalised projection of the university, important contextual dynamics and associated demands are increasingly disguised. This impacts on learning and teaching time and individualises responsibility for time management onto students, many of whom consequently experience guilt and self-blame.
Dimensions of Internal Market Orientation Related to Job Satisfaction and Appreciation in Brazilian Healthcare Service
Authors: Cerqueira Alexandre dos Santos , Mainardes Emerson Wagner , de Oliveira Jaqueline Lopes Baptista
Published: July 2018

Evidence suggests that internal market orientation (IMO) assists companies in targeting their human resources (HR) and has been an important preceding concept in creating competitive advantages for the organizations (Gounaris, Journal of Services Marketing, 2008b, 22(1), 68–90). The objective of this research was to investigate which dimensions of IMO are related to the job satisfaction (JS) and appreciation (AP). The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire, which follows the model used by Gounaris ( Journal of Business Research, 2006, 59(4), 432–448), and a descriptive quantitative research with 583 participants from a Brazilian healthcare company was conducted. The results of this empirical study found only three sub-dimensions, identification of exchange of value (D1M), job description (D5M) and management concern (D7M), as positively influenced with IMO. The survey indicated that the perception of the employees regarding the IMO is concentrated between 3 and 4 of the Likert scale, representing high levels of IMO in the sample and for JS and AP.
Birth Preparedness among Women and Factors Associated with Antenatal Care
Authors: Pati Ashalata , Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Dehury Parthsarathi
Published: July 2018

Reducing maternal mortality is the fifth goal among the millennium development goals and subsequent sustainable development goals. Complete antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery are two process indicators advised in all interventions related to reduction of maternal mortality. A study is conducted to know the ANC profile of the women and factors associated with it and their birth preparedness for delivery in a rural tribal area of Vikramgad taluka in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

 A community-level descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the women those who recently experienced delivery of baby. Simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents.

 The result of the study shows women follow specific practices related to diet, personal hygiene, physical activity and rest with neonatal feeding and care practices in the month following delivery, to keep themselves and their baby healthy. The significant factors found to be associated with ANC visits were the age of the women ( p = 0.001), education ( p = 0.03), husband’s education ( p = 0.002), monthly household income ( p = 0.11) and distance of site of ANC from home in time measured in minutes ( p = 0.047).