bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host Specificity and Geographic Dispersion Shape Virome Diversity in Rhinolophus Bats
Authors: Wang Daxi , Li Linmiao , Ren Zirui , Yu Yepin , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhou Jiabin , Zhao Hailong , Zhao Zhiwen , Shi Peibo , Mi Xinrui , Jin Xin , Deng Ziqing , Li Junhua , Chen Jinping
Published: January 2025

Rhinolophus bats have been identified as natural reservoirs for viruses with global health implications, including severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronaviruses (SARSr‐CoV) and swine acute diarrhoea syndrome‐related coronavirus (SADSr‐CoV). In this study, we characterised the individual viromes of 603 bats to systematically investigate the diversity, abundance and geographic distribution of viral communities within R. affinis, R. sinicus and 11 other bat species. The massive metatranscriptomic data revealed substantial viral genome resources of 133 vertebrate‐infecting viral clusters, which contain occasional cross‐species transmission across mammalian orders and especially across bat families. Notably, those viruses included nine clusters closely related to human and/or livestock pathogens, such as SARS‐CoVs and SADS‐CoVs. The investigation also highlighted distinct features of viral diversity between and within bat colonies, which appear to be influenced by the distinct host population genetics of R. affinis and R. sinicus species. The comparison of SARSr‐CoVs further showed varied impact of host specificity along genome‐wide diversification and modular viral evolution among Rhinolophus species. Overall, the findings point to a complex interaction between host genetic diversity, and the way viruses spread and structure within natural populations, calling for continued surveillance efforts to understand factors driving viral transmission and emergence in human populations. These results present the underestimated spillover risk of bat viruses, highlighting the importance of enhancing preparedness and surveillance for emerging zoonotic viruses.
A trope‐theoretic solution to the missing value problem
Authors: Audi Paul
Published: January 2025

One metaphysical problem about laws is how to find appropriate truthmakers for fully general functional laws. What makes it true, for instance, that an uninstantiated mass would interact with others as prescribed by laws concerning mass? This is the missing value problem. D. M. Armstrong attempted to solve it by appeal to determinable universals. I will offer a trope‐theoretic solution that, while in some ways more metaphysically adventurous than Armstrong's view, avoids commitment to universals and determinables (as different from their determinates). The solution makes use of a special conception of tropes as capable of intrinsic change. It also makes use of a distinction between two ways of having a causal power (a distinction we should make in any case). Existing powers‐based approaches to the problem struggle to avoid the idea that powers mysteriously point beyond themselves. But if tropes are capable of intrinsic change in the way I propose, they can account for the full generality of laws with minimal pointing beyond, and can do so while retaining natures that are credibly intrinsic.
2D and 3D Classification Systems for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Clinical Implications and Technological Advances
Authors: Wei Wenqing , Cheng Liang , Dong Yating , Zhang Tianyuan , Deng Yaolong , Gong Jiale , Xie Fang , Yang Junlin
Published: January 2025

Classification systems for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) play an important role in guiding both surgical planning and conservative treatments. Traditional 2D classification systems, such as the Lenke, King and Lehnert‐Schroth classifications, have been widely used for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis. However, with the growing understanding of the three‐dimensional nature of scoliosis and advancements in 3D reconstruction technologies, 3D classification systems are gaining increasing attention. This paper reviews the current applications, advantages, and limitations of different 2D and 3D classification systems, focusing on their clinical significance in treatment planning. While 3D classification systems offer clear advantages in capturing the complexity of spinal deformities, their clinical implementation faces challenges such as high costs and technical complexity. Additionally, studies show that computer‐assisted technologies, artificial intelligence can significantly improve the accuracy and consistency of classification systems, reducing human errors. The paper also explores the future directions of classification system development, emphasizing the potential of combining 2D and 3D technologies and the impact of these advancements on personalized scoliosis treatment.
Citizens' Inclusion in Public Services: A Systematic Review of the Public Administration Literature and Reflection on Future Research Avenues
Authors: Licsandru Tana , Meliou Elina , Steccolini Ileana , Chang SinMun
Published: January 2025

Despite a resurgence of interest in social equity, citizens' inclusion in public services has attracted limited attention in the public administration literature so far, having often remained in the background of studies focusing on citizens' participation and representative bureaucracy. To fully comprehend and enhance the role of public administration in promoting inclusive public services and building inclusive societies, it is necessary to prioritize citizens' inclusion in public services as a central phenomenon. A first step in this direction is assessing existing knowledge and identifying new research avenues. Drawing on the “name, blame, claim” framework, this systematic literature review of 119 studies extends public administration scholarship by mapping and analyzing knowledge of citizens' inclusion in public services and identifying ways forward to strengthen the research and practice in this area.
Framing, Filtering and Fixing: The Ethics of Risk Communication
Authors: John Stephen
Published: January 2025

There are many puzzles about whether and how to communicate risk information, particularly in public health and medical settings. This paper does three things. First, it suggests a model for whether and how to communicate risk which balances concerns about autonomy and concerns about beneficence. Second, it argues that in the case of risk communication, there are also difficult questions, stemming from the reference class problem, about what risks to communicate. Third, it uses the Justified Misalignments framework developed in the first part of the paper to address these puzzles.
Identity Pathology and Emptiness as Novel Predictors of Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Meddaoui Brianna , Stewart Jeremy G. , Kaufman Erin A.
Published: January 2025

Emptiness and identity pathology are understudied clinical constructs that overlap, co‐occur, and predict suicidal ideation (SI). However, specific risk pathways have yet to be formally tested.

Aim

We examined whether identity pathology was indirectly associated with future SI via emptiness, and tested impulsivity and emotion dysregulation as moderators.

Methods

Participants (N = 251) completed baseline questionnaires assessing SI, borderline personality disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity, and SI 2 months later.

Results

Identity pathology was indirectly associated with future SI via emptiness, controlling for baseline SI (β = 0.15, Bootstrap 95% CI = [0.06, 0.24]). There was a two‐way interaction between emptiness and both poor use of emotion regulation strategies (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) and impulsive lack of premeditation (β = 0.09, p = 0.03) predicting SI.

Conclusion

Those with greater identity pathology were more likely to experience emptiness, which was in turn associated with future SI. Participants who felt empty were also more likely to experience SI when they also reported an inability to use emotion regulation strategies and a tendency to act without considering the consequences. We provide preliminary support for an untested risk pathway for SI, highlighting the need to further study these important experiences.
A Prospective Study on Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Cardiovascular Functions in 12‐Year‐Old Endurance Athletes and Their Non‐Endurance‐Trained Peers
Authors: Grendstad Halvard , Skarstad Sigrun Ådnegard , Edvardsen Thor , Hallén Jostein
Published: January 2025

The maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) is typically higher in endurance‐trained adolescents than in non‐endurance‐trained peers. However, the specific mechanisms contributing to this remain unclear, as well as the impact of training during this developmental stage. This study aims to compare V̇O2max and cardiovascular functions between 12‐year‐old endurance athletes and non‐endurance‐trained over a 14‐month period. Anthropometrics, V̇O2max, hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), blood volume (BV), and left‐ventricular morphology were assessed four times over the 14 months in a group of young cross‐country skiers (END, n = 42, age: 12.4 ± 0.5, girls: n = 27) and a group of controls (CON, n = 26, age: 12.3 ± 0.3, girls: n = 15). Throughout the 14‐month follow‐up, END did more weekly training than CON (7.0 ± 2.3 vs. 2.5 ± 2.4 h, p < 0.001), with only END conducting endurance training. END had ~18% higher V̇O2max relative to fat‐free mass (FFM) than CON (p < 0.001). Stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LV EDV) relative to FFM were also higher for END than CON (p < 0.001 and 0.004), while no significant differences were found for Hbmass and BV. No significant interaction was seen for group and time for V̇O2max (p = 0.352–0.767) or any cardiovascular parameters (p = 0.131–0.956) in absolute measures or relative to FFM. In conclusion, the END group exhibited higher V̇O2max, LV EDV, and SV compared to the CON group, with no significant difference in BV and Hbmass. Despite substantial differences in training volume, the progression of these variables over the 14‐month period was similar in both groups.
Turbulent Flow in a Transitional Rough Pipe Universal Laws; Power Law Velocity With Equivalent Log Law Velocity in the Overlap Region: Commencing From Fully Smooth Pipe Flow
Authors: Afzal Noor
Published: January 2025

The turbulent transitional rough pipe universal power law and equivalent log law are, independent of wall roughness, without any closure model. The open Reynolds mean momentum equations are employed without closure models such as eddy viscosity or mixing length. That all components of Reynolds stress are of same order of the wall shear stress, τw. The key parameters are wall roughness scale ϕ, roughness friction Reynolds number Rτϕ=Reτ/ϕ, and roughness average Reynolds number Rbϕ=Reb/ϕ. The s three layers (inner, meso, and outer), with overlap region reveals dual solutions: power law and log law. The power law friction factor can be expressed as λ=(CS,n,Re/ϕ). The power law index n and prefactor CS remain as fully smooth pipe power law constants and do not depend on the roughness friction Reynolds number Reτ/ϕ. The power law velocity and friction factor exhibit envelopes where the tangent at a point Reτ/ϕ=exp(α−1−κB) yields equivalent log laws. If outer layer is neglected, the power law friction factor simplifies to λ=CS(Re/ϕ)−n. As an engineering approximation, the power laws fr are extrapolated within a ± 5 percent domain, a limited range of Reynolds numbers with experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. Additionally, log law theory for transitional rough pipe is extended to higher-order effects (Reτ/ϕ)−p, where p=1,2,…,∞. The power law and log law work comparison were made with turbulent transitional experimental and DNS data.
Applications, Design Methods, and Challenges for Additive Manufacturing of Thermal Solutions for Heterogeneous Integration of Electronics
Authors: Dede Ercan M. , Zhou Feng , Zhou Yuqing , Lohan Danny J. , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth E. , Erickson Kris
Published: January 2025

Heterogeneous integration of electronics is critical to the next wave of electronics applications ranging from extremely power dense energy conversion systems to advanced chiplet and copackaged optics architectures for next-generation computing. Enhanced functionality and operation are essential goals in heterogeneous integration. In all applications, effective thermal management of both active and passive electronic devices is required to support these goals. Additive manufacturing (AM) opens new avenues for heterogeneous integration of electronics. This article thus provides a review of AM methods and applications in the specific context of thermal solutions for heterogeneous integration of electronics. Three-dimensional printing methods, associated materials (e.g., metal, polymer, ceramic, and composite), and electronics package integration approaches, or conceptual fabrication workflows, are outlined for cold plates, heat sinks, fluid flow manifolds, and thermal interface materials (TIMs) plus composites for electronics. The current status of design optimization methods for AM of thermal solutions for electronics is also covered. Future challenges and research directions are outlined to further stimulate the development of advanced manufacturing methods, novel design techniques, and unique electronics package integration capabilities for thermal solutions.
Microbead Encapsulation for Protection of Electronic Components
Authors: Hill Jeffrey R , Chen Alex , Wilson Natasha , Boll Cayden , O’Bannon MeiLi , Trentman Dallan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the application of microbeads as an innovative encapsulation technique to protect electronic components from harsh mechanical strain. Traditional encapsulation methods using hard epoxy provide substantial mechanical support but create thermal expansion mismatch issues, potentially leading to electronic component failure. We explore the use of finely powdered microbeads to achieve protective structures combining stiffness and energy absorption. The research focuses on key variables, including microbead size, microbead roughness, compaction of microbeads, and circuit board mounting in the encapsulation, all of which influence the encapsulation’s effectiveness. Experimental setups and testing protocols were developed to assess the performance of various microbead materials under different impact conditions. Results demonstrate that microbead encapsulation significantly reduces strain on circuit boards, minimizing the risk of damage during mechanical shocks. However, challenges remain, such as optimizing microbead characteristics and modeling their behavior within large-scale circuit board assemblies. Despite these challenges, the findings suggest that microbead encapsulation offers a promising alternative to conventional methods, enhancing the durability and reliability of electronic components in high-stress environments.
Simulation-Based Analysis and Design of Passive Back Exoskeleton for Squat Lifting
Authors: Sahu Neha , Ganesan Karthick , Gupta Abhishek
Published: January 2025

Back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) that manual material handling laborers face as they lift heavy objects. To overcome the back pain problem, an assistive device (Exoskeleton) can be worn during lifting. Through musculoskeletal simulation, this work investigates how the passive back exoskeleton affects the spinal muscle forces and spinal joint reaction loads. Such simulation findings can provide insights to improve the back exoskeleton design further. For this purpose, the passive exoskeleton is modeled as a set of elastic elements (springs), and dynamic analysis for a lifting cycle is done during a squat lifting task. Musculoskeletal simulations were carried out in opensim software utilizing the open-source opensim lifting full-body (LFB) model. The model is modified by adding an external spring that provides assistive forces like a passive exoskeleton. During the whole lifting cycle, the erector spinae muscle is strained, so unloading the erector spinae muscle is the primary goal of most back support exoskeletons. This work aims to identify optimal spring configurations and design parameters for a passive back exoskeleton to aid in squat lifting by varying spring parameters and through a formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem. The optimized back exoskeleton is expected to reduce compressive, shear forces on the L5S1 joint and erector spinae muscle force during lifting.
An Efficient Statistical Inference Approach for Model Calibration Using Griddy Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Jay Wright Stephen , Stewart Hannah , Sharma Shishir , Redmond Laura , McMahan Christopher , Castanier Matthew
Published: January 2025

Model calibration is a critical step in many fields to ensure that decisions are made based on models that best capture the behavior of the physical system. Typically, an estimation of the uncertainty of the model is also needed to aid decision makers and to assess risks. Traditional statistical methods have met this need but come at a high computational expense, and thus they may be impractical in industries that desire rapid innovation and decision-making. Optimization and machine learning (ML) approaches offer computationally efficient algorithms for model calibration but do not provide a quantification of model uncertainty. This work proposes a statistical inference approach for model calibration, leveraging griddy Gibbs sampling to efficiently and flexibly calibrate models and provide an estimation of the posterior distribution for the calibrated variables. Using this approach, decision makers would gain a sense of the model uncertainty so that risk can appropriately be accounted for in decisions based upon the model results. The model is benchmarked against traditional Bayesian inference using a piston thermal model with unknown backside heat transfer boundary conditions as the benchmark model. When a sufficient number of simulations and sensor data points are used, the griddy Gibbs calibration provided nearly identical calibrations and 95% credible intervals (CI) on the calibrated variables to the traditional Bayesian calibration at a fraction of the computation cost.
Optimization of High-Vapor Pressure Condensate Pipeline Commissioning Schemes in Large Uplift Environments
Authors: Liu Wu , Yang Xin’ an , Cao Xingbin , Xiong Lin , Liu Zongsheng
Published: January 2025

A continuously undulating pipeline results in the accumulation of air at high points and liquid at low points during commissioning, hindering the process, and impacting oil product quality. Cavitation may occur at the crossover point, especially for high saturated vapor pressure oils, potentially causing water strikes and pipeline damage. This study focuses on the BZ pipeline, transporting high saturated vapor pressure condensate in a varied terrain. It proposes the “oil injection after water isolation section” commissioning method and develops 20 commissioning schemes based on site conditions. A multiphase flow simulation model investigates the effects of pipeline flowrate and water injection length on start pressure, high point liquid retention, crossover point pressure, low point liquid retention, and liquid accumulation time. A preferred commissioning scheme suggests a pipeline flowrate of 192 m3/h–240 m3/h and a water injection length of 133 km. Commissioning schematics and operation schedules are devised accordingly. Optimization shows that increasing pipeline flowrate reduces low point fluid accumulation time. For downhill pipeline sections, extending water injection length does not enhance liquid retention at crossover points or improve pipeline exhaust, risking high pressure at low points. During oil–water injection transitions, maintaining a high delivery rate minimizes pressure fluctuations due to density differences. Following this scheme, pig wear along the BZ pipeline was even, and crossover point 2# and valve chamber No. 10 showed good exhaust conditions. Optimizing key parameters and commissioning scheme formulation effectively guide BZ condensate pipeline commissioning, ensuring safety.
Silicate Glass Reinforced by Bi and B as Efficient Protective Materials Against Gamma Rays and Neutrons
Authors: Nasr El Din Hadeer M. , Saeed Aly , Salem Eman , El Shazly Raed. M. , Wahab Magda Abdel
Published: January 2025

The growing role of nuclear radiation in various domains necessitated a continuous development in enhancing the efficiency of radiation shielding materials. Generally, a shield that can attenuate thermal and fast neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously is the most effective in various applications. Therefore, in this article, a host glass of sodium silicate (labelled as BSiBi0) was reinforced by 10, 20, 30, and 40 mol. % of each of Bi and B ions simultaneously (BSiBi1, BSiBi2, BSiBi3, and BSiBi4, respectively) to produce an integrated shield capable of attenuating thermal and fast neutrons and gamma rays. To check the attenuation ability of the proposed glasses, fast neutrons removal cross section ΣF, thermal neutrons total macroscopic cross section ΣTh, total mass attenuation coefficients μm, linear attenuation coefficients μ, mean free paths (MFP), half-value layers (HVL), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), effective electron densities (Neff), and buildup factors for energy absorption (EABF) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were studied extensively. Compared to the host glass (BSiBi0), the attenuation of gamma rays in the BSiBi4 glass (40 mol. % of each of Bi2O3 and B2O3) improved by 3.9–92.5% in the studied energy range, which extended to 100 GeV. At the same time, its ability to attenuate the fast neutrons enhanced by 86.0%, and thermal neutrons by 1402.4%. Hence, the BSiBi4 glass, with a composition of 20SiO2-40B2O3-40Bi2O3, was nominated as an efficient shield in relevant applications, such as hot cells, radiotherapy rooms, and the immobilization and disposal of radioactive wastes, due to its high attenuation ability for both neutrons and gamma rays.
Analytical solutions for Maxwell-scalar system on radially symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Andrade I. , Bazeia D. , Marques M. A. , Menezes R. , Olmo G. J.
Published: January 2025

We investigate Maxwell-scalar models on radially symmetric spacetimes in which the gauge and scalar fields are coupled via the electric permittivity. We find the conditions that allow for the presence of minimum energy configurations. In this formalism, the charge density must be written exclusively in terms of the components of the metric tensor and the scalar field is governed by first-order equations. We also find a manner to map the aforementioned equation into the corresponding one associated to kinks in (1, 1) spacetime dimensions, so we get analytical solutions for three specific spacetimes. We then calculate the energy density and show that the energy is finite. The stability of the solutions against contractions and dilations, following Derrick’s argument, and around small fluctuations in the fields is also investigated. In this direction, we show that the solutions obeying the first-order framework are stable.
Chaotic motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes
Authors: Cao Deshui , Zhang Lina , Chen Songbai , Pan Qiyuan , Jing Jiliang
Published: January 2025

We investigate the motion of particles in the spacetime of a Kerr black hole immersed in swirling universes. Using the Poincaré section, fast Lyapunov exponent indicator, bifurcation diagram, and basins of attraction, we present the effects of the swirling parameter and the spin parameter on the dynamical behaviors of the motion of particles, and confirm the presence of chaos in the motion of particles in this background spacetime. We find that the swirling parameter can change the range of the spin parameter where the chaos occurs, and vice versa. Moreover, we observe clearly that, regardless of the spin parameter, there exist some self-similar fractal fine structures in the basins boundaries of attractors for the spacetime of a black hole immersed in swirling universes. The combination of the swirling parameter and the spin parameter provides richer physics in the motion of particles.
Examination of the cooling performance of the lithium-ion battery module created using phase change material at different discharge rates and different ambient temperatures
Authors: Torun Emre , Buyruk Ertan , Caner Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Batteries are one of the most important systems in electric vehicles. The performance of batteries varies depending on temperature, and high battery temperatures reduce battery efficiency and life. In recent years, intensive studies have been carried out on passive systems to prevent the battery module from heating, and many studies have been conducted especially on the use of phase change material (PCM). In this study, a novel battery module design created using PCM is tested by setting up experimental setups at both different discharge rates and different ambient temperatures, and the cooling performance of PCM is examined. As a result, it was found that the temperature increase in the PCM decreases during the melting process and the increase in the battery surface temperature varies according to the current value of the total heat generated in the battery. If the total heat generated in the battery increases, both the battery surface temperature and the temperature rise rate increase; if the total heat generated in the battery is constant or decreasing, the battery surface temperature increases but the temperature rise rate decreases.
A New Project Scheduling Problem with Worker-Dependent Durations
Authors: Choi Byung-Cheon , Chung Jibok
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we introduce a new project scheduling problem with multiple milestones and completely ordered activities. The characteristic of our problem lies in the activity durations, which are determined by the unique attributes of each activity and the worker assigned to it. The objective is to identify the optimal assignment of workers to activities that minimizes the weighted number of tardy activities. We show that the problem is strongly NP-hard by reducing it from the 3-partition problem even for two cases with a special structure of durations. Furthermore, we identify two cases that can be solved in polynomial time.
The weighted Inertia-Energy-Dissipation principle
Authors: Stefanelli Ulisse
Published: January 2025

The Weighted Inertia-Energy-Dissipation (WIDE) principle is a global variational approach to nonlinear evolution equations of parabolic and hyperbolic type. The minimization of the parameter-dependent WIDE functional on trajectories delivers an elliptic-in-time regularization. By taking the limit in the parameter, one recovers a solution to the given differential problem. This survey is intended to provide a comprehensive account of the available results on the WIDE variational approach. The basic concepts are illustrated in the simplest finite-dimensional case, and the existing literature, both theoretical and applied, is systematically reviewed.
Impact of MoS2 on the nonlinear absorption and optical protection efficiency of SrWO4 nanocomposites
Authors: Shanthi S. , Kawya J. , Sabari Girisun T. C. , Mani Rahulan K.
Published: January 2025

This work aims to discuss the impact of the interaction of a high-power laser with the SrWO4/MoS2 nanocomposites synthesized by the solvothermal method. The effect of different concentrations of MoS2 on the structural, morphological, optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of SrWO4 nanostructures was studied by utilizing XRD, Raman, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV–Visible absorption and Open aperture Z-scan technique using Nd: YAG pulsed laser. The composites mitigate the successful interaction of MoS2 in the SrWO4 lattice through standard phase confirmation, change in lattice parameters and induced strain from XRD analysis. The mixed morphology shows the blended nature of composites through HRTEM and SEM. The functional and vibrational modes of nanocomposites were explored by FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The photoluminescence spectroscopy analyzed the influence of defect states. The optical parameters like absorption edge, band gap energy and Urbach energy were calculated by linear optical studies. Z-scan studies show the reverse saturable nature of all samples with more absorption and less transmittance at the focus. The experiment was extended to the analysis of the optical limiting (OL) behavior studies to understand their potential application in laser safety devices. The higher concentration of MoS2 in the strontium matrix yields a higher nonlinear absorption coefficient of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m/W and a lower optical threshold of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W/m2. The inclusion of 20% MoS2 in SrWO4 significantly enhances the nonlinear absorption and the optical limiting ability which can be the best choice of NLO material for future optoelectronics.
Multi-wave mixing dependence Goos–Hänchen shift of structured light in atomic medium
Authors: Ali Afsar , Khan Tahirzeb , Zulfiqar S. , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Khan Gulzar , Khattak Shaukat Ali , Maqbool M. , Hussain Shaik Althaf
Published: January 2025

The reflection, transmission, and related Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of structured light are investigated by multi-wave mixing conditions in this paper. The terms absorption, dispersion, group index, and photon drag rotation of structured light are also studied by multi-wave mixing. The maximum values of group index of [Formula: see text] and rotary photon drag of [Formula: see text] micro-radian are reported in this work. Significant modifications of GH shift in reflection and transmission modes are investigated with azimuthal quantum number of structured light along with multi-wave mixing. Various crater shapes are reported in reflection and transmission modes and with their corresponding GH shifts in reflection and transmission modes. The reflection and transmission GH shifts exhibit a correlation where [Formula: see text]ve reflection GH shift regions correspond to −ve transmitted GH shift regions, and vice versa. The maximum of [Formula: see text]ve and −ve GH shift in reflection and transmission modes is investigated up to [Formula: see text]. The modified GH shifts in reflection and transmission modes have significant applications in high-resolution imaging, sensing, and optical signal processing.
High-order sideband generation in an optomechanical cavity modified by the magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Lina , Li Rui , Chen Hongyun
Published: January 2025

We theoretically discuss the high-order sideband generation (HSG) in an optomechanical system affected by a magnetic field and demonstrate the magnetic field-dependent impact of HSG has certain intriguing properties. We also demonstrated that carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-dependent effect occurs in HSG when the magnetic field is certain in our paper. The magnetic field-dependent effect in an optomechanical system gives a method for controlling HSG. Our findings may have important applications in optical frequency metrology and optical communications.
Even wave fluctuations in extended Bianchi I cosmology
Authors: Kamal Arsal , Manzoor Rubab , Aydogdu Oktay , Salti Mustafa , Siddiqa Aisha
Published: January 2025

In this study, we delve into the propagation characteristics of the even modes of the primordial gravity waves (GWs) represented by the Regge–Wheeler perturbation scheme within a locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type-I universe from the perspective of the [Formula: see text] gravity to incorporate the effects of a scalar field. Initially, we consider the cosmological background without wave fluctuations and derive the corresponding field equations. Subsequently, by utilizing the even Regge–Wheeler perturbation scheme, we explore polar wave dynamics by deriving the pertinent field equations. Analytical solutions of the perturbed metric potentials are obtained under certain assumptions and the study observes the impact of the scalar field, examining its effects through the model parameter. The graphical analysis sheds light on the implications of the scalar field on the propagation of the polar modes of GWs. It is concluded that the presence of a scalar field influences the temporal perturbations however, the spatial part remains unaffected and is characterized by a combination of exponential functions.
Modulation of dielectric properties of Zn0.7Mg0.3TiO3 ceramics by reducing the particle size of the initiating oxide
Authors: Fan Liangchen , Li Yuanxun , Li Fuyu , Li Jie , Jian Xian , Qiao Liang , Liao Yulong
Published: January 2025

Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]TiO3 dielectric ceramic material has found widespread applications in the realm of communication technology, however, it is still a challenge to effectively regulate its performance characteristics. The dense Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]TiO3 ceramics were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction method using micron- and nanometer-sized particles as raw materials. The results revealed that the grain sizes of the sintered ceramics increased with the increasing number of nanoparticles. Moreover, the lattice parameters gradually decreased with the increase in the number of nanoparticles. Especially, the cell volume decreased the dielectric constant ([Formula: see text]) and the resistance of the grain boundaries increased the quality factor ([Formula: see text]). The study points to the effectiveness of tuning the structural and dielectric properties by adopting raw materials with different particle sizes.
Understanding Molecular Mechanisms Behind the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Machilus macrantha (Gulmavu) by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling Approach
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Nabarun , Sen Sibu , Kumar Ashish , Sandbhor Rujuta , Dikundwar Amol G. , Kaki Venkata Rao
Published: January 2025

Inflammation is a critical defense mechanism that mainly occurs in the human body through arachidonic acid metabolism and is needed to maintain a healthy life, but uncontrolled inflammation leads to several diseases like asthma, osteoarthritis, etc. Machilus macrantha is an important Indian medicinal plant that is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic agent but has yet to be explored much. Hence, this study has been undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory activity by using network pharmacology and molecular modeling studies. Several free online tools and databases like SEA, Swiss target prediction, OMIM, GeneCards, Venny 2.1.0 and STRING were utilized to predict, compile and filter the anti-inflammatory targets and a total of 23 targets were obtained throughout the process. Further, by using the topology parameters (degree, betweenness and closeness) in Cytoscape 3.10.0 software, a total of five hub nodes or genes named PTGS2, NF[Formula: see text]1, MAPK1, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 were identified which is mainly associated with arachidonic acid metabolism. KEGG and GO analyses were performed by using the SRplot tool and it was observed that arachidonic acid metabolism emerged as the top pathway with the lowest P-value and highest fold enrichment. The tissue enrichment studies of the hub genes were also performed using the Human eFP Browser. Finally, a ligand-target-pathway interaction network was created, which proved that the phytoconstituents of M. macrantha interact with multiple molecular targets of arachidonic acid metabolism and showed anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies proved that a total of three ligands named machigline, machiline and quercetin exhibited moderate to good binding affinities toward the hub genes and machigline and quercetin showed stability in the binding cavity. From the present study, it can be concluded that the phytocompounds of M. macrantha have significant interactions with anti-inflammatory targets specifically on arachidonic acid metabolism, hence the same can act as an important source for developing novel anti-inflammatory agents.
Adaptive Consensus in Multi-Agent Systems Employing Event-Driven Communication Under Actuator and Sensor Attacks
Authors: Li Bohan , Gao Qing , Wang Zhenqian , Wang Wei , Lü Jinhu
Published: January 2025

This paper addresses the leader-following consensus problem in multi-agent systems (MASs) with limited communication rates, while also considering sensor and actuator false data injection (FDI) attacks. A distributed event-triggered adaptive control protocol is developed to achieve cooperative uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) in consensus tracking for compromised networked MASs. To implement this protocol, a distributed estimator is first designed to allow followers to estimate the leader’s state. Then, adaptive internal controllers are constructed for each follower to mitigate the impact of FDI attack signals. Additionally, an event-triggered transmission logic is introduced to handle the constraints imposed by finite communication rates. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Evaluating Serious Slow Game Jams as a Mechanism for Co-Designing Serious Games to Improve Understanding of Cybersecurity
Authors: Stals Shenando , Baillie Lynne , Ferguson Jamie Iona , Abbott Daisy , Maarek Manuel , Shah Ryan , Louchart Sandy
Published: January 2025

We present a first evaluation of a Serious Slow Game Jam (SSGJ) methodology as a mechanism for co-designing serious games in the application domain of cybersecurity, to evaluate how the SSGJ contributed to improving the understanding of cybersecurity. To this end, we engaged 13 participants with no experience in cybersecurity, in a multidisciplinary SSGJ involving domain-specific, pedagogical, and game design knowledge, and encouraged engagement in-between scheduled days of the SSGJ. Findings show improved confidence of participants in their knowledge of cybersecurity (from 12.5% to 62.5%) after undertaking the SSGJ, with free-text answers specifically indicating an improved understanding in terms of vulnerabilities, attacks, and defences for three quarters of the participants. Also, confidence in knowledge of game design improved (12.5% to 75%), and the SSGJ successfully engaged participants in-between scheduled days. Finally, a serious game is presented that was co-designed with participants during our SSGJ, and produced as an output of the SSGJ methodology.
Getting the Data in Shape for Your Process Mining Analysis: An In-Depth Analysis of the Pre-Analysis Stage
Authors: Pradhan Shameer K. , Jans Mieke , Martin Niels
Published: January 2025

Process mining enables organizations to analyze the data stored in their information systems and derive insights regarding their business processes. However, raw data needs to be converted into a format that can be fed into process mining algorithms. Various pre-analysis activities can be performed on the raw data, such as imperfection removal or granularity level change. Although pre-analysis activities play a crucial role in process mining, there is currently a limited overview available regarding their scope and the extent of their examination. This study presents a systematic literature review of the pre-analysis activities in process mining projects. To better understand this stage and its current state of research, we explore which activities constitute the pre-analysis stage, their goals, the applied research methodologies, the proposed research outcomes, and the data used to evaluate the research outcomes. We identify 15 pre-analysis activities and concepts, e.g., data extraction, generation, and cleaning. We also discover that design science research is the methodology and methods are the primary research outcome in previous studies. We also realize that the proposed outcomes have been evaluated using only real-life data most of the time. This study reveals that research on pre-analysis is a growing field of interest in process mining.
Deep Learning of Dynamic POI Generation and Optimisation for Itinerary Recommendation
Authors: Halder Sajal , Lim Kwan Hui , Chan Jeffrey , Zhang Xiuzhen
Published: January 2025

Itinerary recommendation involves suggesting a sequence of Points of Interests (POIs) that users obtain maximum satisfaction under a time budget. Existing models have three challenges. First, they model user interest as non-time dependent, which can not capture user interest appropriately because user interest can be contextual on time, e.g., interest in restaurants are likely higher during typical meal times. Second, they model the distance dependency of user interest as a linear one, which does not always adequately capture this relationship, e.g., could be a cubic decay relationship. Finally, existing studies treat POI recommendation and itinerary optimisation as two separate problems, which can result in sub-optimal itinerary recommendations. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model that recommend POIs and construct the itinerary simultaneously and in an integrated manner. It captures user dynamic interest and non-linear spatial dependencies in itinerary recommendations. The proposed model has two steps, where the candidate selection policy generates a set of personalised candidate POIs based on user interest and the itinerary construction step maximises user interest within budget time. To recommend an appropriate candidate set, we propose a multi-head, attention-based transformer to leverage periodic trends and recent activities to capture user dynamic preferences. We also introduce a new co-visiting patterns-based graph convolutional network (GCN) model to capture user non-linear spatial dependencies. To construct the full itinerary from the dynamic candidate sets, we apply greedy policy that incrementally constructs itineraries within the budget time which aims to maximise user interest and minimise queuing time. Experimental results show that the proposed deep learning model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in itinerary recommendation in four theme parks and four cities datasets The proposed model outperforms the baselines in itinerary recommendation from 7.79% to 26.28% on various dataset in terms of F1-score value. We also show that the proposed candidate generation approach outperforms the state-of-the-art next POI recommendation models in eight real datasets. The proposed model outperforms the baselines on average by 11.29 % in terms of F1-score@5 values and 9.08% in terms of F1-score@10 values. We have publicly shared our source code at GitHub for the reproducibility of our proposed model.
Premed pressure: examining whether premed students experience more academic stress compared to non-premeds
Authors: Pigart C. Jynx , Mohammed Tasneem F. , Acuña Theresa , Baltazar Shurelia , Bean Connor , Hart Michayla , Huizenga Katelyn , James Amaris , Shaw Hayleigh , Zsuffa Kimberly , Busch Carly A. , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: January 2025

Participants perceived that premed students experience greater academic stress than their counterparts; however, we found no significant differences in academic stress reported among students in our sample ( P > 0.05). Students with lower GPAs were more likely to leave the premed track compared to those with higher GPAs ( P = 0.005).
DDX21 Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Recurrence and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ji Chengjie , Zhong Qing , Su Huilan , Xue Xiaoli , Yang Renxiang , Li Na
Published: January 2025

DEAD‐box helicase 21 (DDX21) is a conserved Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp (DEAD) box RNA helicase with multiple functions that is involved in various cellular processes and diseases. However, the role of DDX21 in the recurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the protein expression of DDX21 in HCC tissues through immunohistochemical staining and analyzed the correlation between DDX21 protein expression and clinical outcome via Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the interrelationships between the outcome and variable over time. Our results showed that increased expression of DDX21 protein was observed in HCC tissues compared with paracancerous tissues and was associated with advanced BCLC stage. Recurrent HCC patients had higher levels of DDX21 protein than nonrecurrent cases. Notably, DDX21 was an independent risk factor for predicting worse overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in HCC patients. Furthermore, lack of DDX21 abated the growth and mobility of Hep3B cells. Taken together, our data highlight the clinical significance of DDX21 in the recurrence and prognosis of HCC patients and indicate that targeting DDX21 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
Does Dietary Supplementation With Quercetin or Rutin Impact Growth, Stress, and Immunity in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and the Water Microbial Community in Recirculating Aquaculture?
Authors: Senff Paula , Lambert Jérôme , Grosjean Jérémy , Abd Al Rahim Sara , Milla Sylvain , Robin Christophe , Le Roux Yves , Kestemont Patrick , Changey Frédérique , Fontaine Pascal
Published: January 2025

Pikeperch Sander lucioperca is a species mainly reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), but it remains very sensitive to stress and handling. Plant phenolic compounds such as quercetin or rutin are frequently investigated as feed additives to improve the growth and well‐being of fish reared in RAS, but their impact on pikeperch and RAS microbial communities has never been studied. Our objectives were to (i) test the effect of quercetin or rutin addition to feed (2.2 g kg−1 diet) on the growth, stress, and innate immunity of pikeperch reared in RAS and (ii) assess the consequence of those additives on the RAS water microbial communities. Pikeperch of 307 (±45) g starting weight were reared in nine experimental RAS (n = 3) and fed for 84 days on a diet enriched or not (control treatment) with quercetin or rutin (feeding rate: 1.5%). Considering the start (T0) and the end (T84) of the experiment, we compare the fish growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), morphoanatomical and physiological status, and the water microbial diversity and composition through a metabarcoding approach performed on the 16S rRNA gene. Whereas no effect on fish was recorded with quercetin (624.0 ± 21.9 g final weight), rutin (558.0 ± 10.7 g final weight) reduced pikeperch growth (0.54 vs. 0.69%–0.64% day−1), and increased FCR (1.70 vs. 1.2–1.4) compared to control (622.0 ± 16.8 g final weight) and quercetin treatments, respectively. No effect was observed on all fish physiological parameters analyzed separately, but a multifactorial analysis reveals that fish fed with rutin have a different overall physiological state. Quercetin induced a shift in the microbial community structure and composition, whereas there was no effect of treatments on microbial richness or evenness. A dietary supplementation with quercetin or rutin has no or a negative impact on pikeperch growth and physiology and modifies the microbial diversity in RAS. Effects of additives being species‐dependent, precautions must be taken when formulating feed supplements, which must be based on precise studies.