bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Conversion Using the Supercritical Steam Cycle
Authors: Schulenberg Thomas
Published: July 2020

A supercritical steam (or Rankine) cycle is used today for more most of the new coal-fired power plants. More recently, it has been proposed as well for future water-cooled nuclear reactors to enhance their efficiency and to reduce their costs. This chapter provides the technical background explaining this technology. Some criteria for boiler design and operation, like drum or once-through boiler design, fixed or sliding pressure operation, and coolant mixing, are discussed in general to explain the particular challenges of supercritical steam cycles. Examples of technical solutions are given for two large-scale applications: a coal-fired power plant and a supercritical water-cooled reactor, both producing around 1000 MW electric power.
Supercritical Fluids as a Tool for Green Energy and Chemicals
Authors: Hrnčič Maša Knez , Cör Darija , Knez Željko
Published: July 2020

Hydrothermal conversion of biomass is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and biobased chemicals. This chapter is focused on the waste biomass conversion for production of biofuels and chemicals by applying sub- and supercritical fluids. One of the biggest disadvantages in biomass conversion by SCF is the extremely high energy requirement for heating the media above the water critical point (374 °C, 221 bar). The idea behind the recent research is to reduce the operating temperature and energy requirements by processing biomass with water at much higher pressures. The importance of knowledge on behavior of multicomponent systems at elevated pressures and temperatures is underlined. Methods, developed by the authors of this chapter for determination of thermodynamic and transport properties for multicomponent systems of different solid compounds and supercritical fluid under extreme conditions, are described. A future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to obtain advanced materials and the possible scope for future research is also discussed.
Hepatocyte growth factor intervention to reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac function on diabetic myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Zhang Zaiyong , Long Cheng , Guan Yufeng , Song Mingcai
Published: July 2020

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is recognized to be a severe threat to people’s health conditions and life quality. The accumulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in ischemic myocardium has been observed in both processes of experimental ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and permanent coronary artery occlusion. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of HGF on myocardial cell apoptosis, ventricular remodeling and cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic rats, and to explore whether the effect is mediated by HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. MI significantly increases LVWI and RVWI and myocardial apoptotic index, and up-regulates the expression of HGF and c-Met at mRNA and protein levels in MI control group. The LVWI and RVWI, and myocardial apoptosis were reduced by treatment with HGF, which also increased the myocardial cell viability and the expression of HGF and c-Met. In summary, HGF significantly attenuates myocardial apoptosis and improves cardiac function after AMI in diabetic rats by further enhancing the activation of HGF/c-Met pathway.
Training Load and Recovery During a Pre-Olympic Season in Professional Rhythmic Gymnasts
Authors: Debien Paula Barreiros , Miloski Bernardo , Werneck Francisco Zacaron , Timoteo Thiago Ferreira , Ferezin Camila , Filho Maurício Gattás Bara , Gabbett Tim J.
Published: July 2020

Context

Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown.

Objective

To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities.

Patients or Other Participants

Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute : chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis.

Results

The season mean wITL was 10 381 ± 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 ± 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 ± 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 ± 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 ± 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR < 13) during 50.9% of the season (n = 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute : chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n = 55 times).

Conclusions

The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state.
A randomized prospective study to assess health-related quality-of-life outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-positive adults
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Singh Jatinder , Singh Harpreet
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals is substantially challenged due to disease, opportunistic infections, lifelong commitment, and tolerability to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and various social, physical, and psychological domains.

Aim:

This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of the impact on HRQOL in HIV-positive people from early access to ART.

Settings and Design:

This was a randomized, prospective, open-label study, conducted at the ART center attached to the Government Medical College, Amritsar.

Subjects and Methods:

This study comprised 240 HIV-infected adults in the age group >18 years who presented to the ART center. Approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained. Informed consent was taken from all the enrolled participants after explaining the study therapy and its benefits and side effects. Patients who presented early in their course of disease and had baseline CD4 count ≥350/mm3 were recruited in early arm and those with <350/mm3 or the development of symptomatic HIV-related disease in the late arm. Following stratification, both groups were 1:1 randomized by permuted block randomization. The primary objective was to assess HRQOL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-HIV brief instrument (WHOQOL-HIV).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The summary domain and total HRQOL scores were calculated using method developed by the WHOQOL-HIV group. Unpaired t-test was applied for statistical analysis, with level of significance expressed as P < 0.05.

Results:

Out of the total 240 HIV-positive patients, 120 who met eligibility criteria were recruited for the final analysis. There was a significant difference between HRQOL score of Physical domains and Psychological domains, between early and late arms at baseline and at the end of 9 months.

Conclusions:

Quality of life is an important holistic measure for assessing the health of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Vaginal discharge
Authors: Amrin Shaheen Siddiqua , Lakshmi G. Jyothi
Published: July 2020

Background:

Vaginal discharge is a common clinical problem with varied etiologies, most common being bacterial vaginosis which presents as homogenous gray discharge caused by overgrowth of facultative and anaerobic bacterial species, next common is vulvovaginal candidiasis characterized by pruritus and cottage cheese like discharge followed by vaginal trichomoniasis associated with copious yellow or green and frothy discharge. This necessitates the need to identify the specific cause of vaginal discharge.

Aim:

To determine the etiology of pathological vaginal discharges in women attending tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:

698 sexually active females in age group of 15 to 65 years with complaints of vaginal discharge attending Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy at a Tertiary care hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 participated in the study. After presumptive clinical diagnosis vaginal discharge was collected. Wet mounts and 10% KOH preparations were examined immediately. Identification of pathogens was done by Gram stain and culture.

Results:

18.33% of 698 patients showed vulvovaginal candidiasis, 13.75% had bacterial vaginosis, 1.86% showed trichomoniasis. Gold standard was considered to be culture for candidiasis & trichomoniasis whereas for bacterial vaginosis it was Nugent's score.

Conclusions:

Vaginal discharge is of multiple yet specific etiologies hence simple and minimal tests like microscopy available in most laboratories (supported by culture wherever possible) would help in accurate diagnosis without over or under treatment of patient due to the empirical therapy. Syndromic management of STIs (WHO guidelines) should be used only in non-specific cases.
Psychomotor Skills of Pre-service Teachers of Natural Science on Melde’s Experiment in Guided Inquiry Learning
Authors: Septi Budi Sartika  , Noly Shofiyah
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to describe the psychomotor skills of pre-service teachers of natural science on Melde’s Experiment through guided inquiry learning. Psychomotor skills were assessed by observation during students conduct the Melde’ s experiment. This research method used was descriptive quantitative in which the authors described the research variables from the collected data. The study was conducted on a pre-service natural science teacher who learns the Optic and Geometry Course. The data analysis uses descriptive statistical. The results showed that the psychomotor skills of pre-service teachers of natural science are categorized as very good in manipulation, good in precision and articulation; fair in imitation and naturalization domain. The lowest category of psychomotor indicators is naturalization. Naturalization is doing related activities according to the skills that are owned, a sample designing experiment with different variables. Different variables with the module make the prospective teacher’s students think hard to create the experimental draft, consequently, the experimental design and findings are not equal to the theory. Further research is expected to have a learning model that is capable of training better psychomotor skills.
Implementation of Integrated Science Model With Audiovisual Teaching Materials To Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes and Science Process Skills
Authors: Candrawati Emilia , Sumpono  , Agus Sundaryono  , Mellyta Uliyadari
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the integrated science learning type connected to achieving basic competencies and improving science process skills. This study uses a 4-D development model that is defined, design, develop, and disseminate with one-group posttest design implemented in 5th-semester students of Chemistry Education, University of Bengkulu. The research instrument is a posttest question to measure learning outcomes and observation sheets to measure science process skills. The teaching materials used are sourced from part of the process and the results of the activity test of palm oil endophytic bacteria ethyl acetate extract against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. by TLC-bioautography is packaged in the form of learning videos. The results showed that the Integrated Science type of Connected model was used effectively to improve student learning outcomes and science process skills.
Development of an Inquiry-Based Science Learning Material Using Flash Card to Reduce Misconception of Elementary School Students
Authors: Intan Ika Ashhabul Maimanah  , Suryanti  , Nadi Suprapto
Published: July 2020

This study is development research with the aim the knowing of validity, effectiveness, and practicality of inquiry-based learning tools assisted by flashcard media to reduce misconceptions of elementary school students on light concept. Before and after the learning materials implemented, the pretest and posttest were carried out. Identification of students' misconceptions was utilized by using the three-tiers diagnostic test. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive. The results of the study showed: (1) The validity of the learning materials was declared to be very valid by the validator, (2) The practicality of the materials developed was declared practical by the observer in terms of aspects of the device's implementation and student activities in learning which were categorized very well, and (3) the effectiveness of the learning materials being developed was declared effective in terms of the application of the materials which had an impact on reducing students' misconceptions which initially amounted to 57.33% down to 17.33%. An Inquiry-based science learning device assisted with flashcard media that has been developed, was feasible with valid, practical, and effective criteria, and also can be used to reduce science misconceptions on elementary students on light material.
Improved Learning Outcomes of Sociology Subject of Social Interaction (Advertising) in Class X Students of State Senior High School 3 Sungguminasa Gowa
Authors: Sulvahrul Amin  , Maria Ulviani
Published: July 2020

The main problem in this research is how to improve the results of the sociology learning subject of social interaction (advertising) through a type of Jigsaw cooperative learning model in class X students at State Senior High School 3 Sungguminasa Gowa. This study aimed to improve the results of the sociology learning subject of social interaction (advertising) in class X students at State Senior High School 3 Sungguminasa Gowa. This type of research was a classroom action research consists of two cycles that conducted four times. Research procedures include planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that in the first cycle that was done, it has not been fulfilled because the average value obtained is 65.78. Whereas in the second cycle, from 27 students, there were 24 students or 88.89 had met the KKM and had been fulfilled the average value is 78.9 or in the high category, while the KKM standard was 70. Based on the findings of the research above it can be concluded the learning outcomes of class X sociology students at State Senior High School 3 Sungguminasa Gowa increased.
The Implementation of Classical Puppet Drama Performance to Improve English Speaking Skill for International Class Program Students
Authors: Sari Famularsih
Published: July 2020

This study analysed the implementation of classical puppet drama performance to improve students’ speaking skill in International Class Program of one of universities in Salatiga. The teaching and learning processes in drama class were(1 ) asking the students with the question, (2) designing drama project plan, (3) creating drama preparation schedules, (4) monitoring the students in preparing the drama, (5) assessing the outcome, and (6) evaluating students’ drama performance. This study was qualitative research in the form of case study. To collect the data the researcher used observation, interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The results showed that by using drama performance, students can improve their pronunciation, fluency, accuracy, handle the voice, and body language to improve their self-confidence to speak in English. Moreover, the used of 4Cs skills activities namely critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity skills in the classroom can stimulate students to improve their group work and interaction among students.
Profile of Online Learning in Building Engineering Education Study Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Heri Suryaman  , Kusnan  , Husni Mubarok
Published: July 2020

This study attempts to discuss the profile of brave learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) validity and reliability of instrument; (2) interesting learning for students; (3) implementation of learning; (3) strengths and weaknesses of learning; and (4) application that matches the learning profile and the condition of the existing internet network. The participant of this study were students and lecturers supporting courses in the Building Engineering Education study program. Data collection uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The questionnaire was given by online to 67 students and 6 lecturers. The result of this research shows that (1) questionnaire instruments have been tested as valid and reliable; (2) online learning is not all interesting; (3) online learning has been implemented, but some lecturers have problems when making corrections, the condition of the internet network in some regions is not smooth enough to be an obstacle for students to access applications; (4) using of the application adjusts the online learning profile and the condition of the internet network in the area. The conclusion reveals that applications of online learning must be easily accessible, used, interesting, and needs to be combined with several applications to provide the perfection of delivery and acceptance of material in teaching and learning activities.
Implementation of the Internal Quality Assurance Process: Quality Mapping Analysis at State Senior High School in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Deisy Sampul  , Benny B. Binilang  , J.F. Senduk  , F.J.A. Oentoe
Published: July 2020

The Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS) has an important position in ensuring the quality of education of each education unit. A good internal quality assurance process will guarantee the quality of education is maintained and will make it easier for schools to conduct quality mapping, preparing quality plans, fulfilling quality, evaluating and determining quality standards. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation internal quality assurance processes at SMAN (State Senior High School) in the City of Tomohon, North Sulawesi based on quality report. This research was designed using qualitative descriptive research with the data collection techniques include observation and documentation as well as data sourced from the Quality Report online application. The results of this study indicate that the internal quality assurance process at SMAN in Tomohon City has been carried out in accordance with national education standards. The educational quality achievement still needs to be improved so that there is consistency in fulfilling quality. In addition, a culture of quality and cooperation must be fostered in order to support the internal quality assurance process. Likewise in the internal quality assurance process that requires support from various elements in the school, government and community environment.
Evaluation of Aquifer Protective Capacity and Groundwater Potential in Part of Iju, Akure-North, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olajide A. , Bayode S. , Fagbemigun T. , Oyebamiji A. , Amosun J. , Owasanoye A.
Published: July 2020

Groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden unit was evaluated in part of Iju, Akure North, Ondo State using integrated geophysical methods involving Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). Four major traverses were established of varying length extents. The VLF-EM measurements were taken along the four major profiles of 10 m station interval.Forty two (42) Vertical Electrical Soundings were also conducted with half electrode spacing varying between 1 and 100 m and interpretation was done using the partial curve matching techniques and computer aided iteration. Five subsurface geological units were identified from geoelectric sections, consisting of the top soil, lateritic, weathered, partly weathered and fresh basement layers consecutively. For the first layer, resistivityranges between 23 and 323 Ωm with values of thickness ranging between 0.5 and 2.2 m. The resistivity and thickness of the second (lateritic) layer range from 132 to 430 Ωm and 1.6 to 4 m respectively. The resistivity of the weathered layer ranges from 4 to 94 Ωm and variable thickness between 10 and 24.4 m. The fourth layer has a resistivity value range of 65 to 120 Ωm and thicknesses between 20 and 30 m. The basement bedrock (fifth layer) has resistivity values between 770 and 820 Ωm. The depth to bedrock ranges from 1.8 to 31 m. The geophysical data and the basement aquifer delineated were then used to evaluate the hydrogeological setting and aquifer protective capacity of the study area. The observation from the results shows that close to 70 % of the study area falls within the zones of low groundwater potential, 25 % falls within medium potential zones while only 5 % make up the high potential zones. 75 % of the study area constituted the weak to poor protective capacity zones.
Linear Stability Analysis of Runge-Kutta Methods for Singular Lane-Emden Equations
Authors: Ogunniran M. O. , Tayo O. A. , Haruna Y. , Adebisi A. F.
Published: July 2020

Runge-Kutta methods are efficient methods of computations in differential equations, the classical Runge-Kutta method of order 4 happens to be the most popular of these methods, and most times it is attached to the mind when Runge-Kutta methods are mentioned. However, there are numerous forms of them existing in lower and higher orders of the classical method. This work investigates the linear stabilities and abilities of some selected explicit members of these Runge-Kutta methods in integrating the singular Lane-Emden differential equations. The results obtained established the ability of the classical Runge-Kutta method and why is mostly used in computations.
A Survey on Service Level Components in Big-Cloud-IoT Systems with Hybrid Meta-heuristic Techniques
Authors: Yin Xueqiang , Chen Athreya Tao
Published: July 2020

Big data is one such technology. When we receive huge volume of data, there will be high demand in processing the huge data. It can also be said challenging task in big data processing. The increases in IoT devices in the network system collect more data to be processed in centralized devices called cloud storage. Every big data is processed and stored in the cloud. To overcome the performance and latency issues in large data computation, big cloud processing system uses edge computing in it. One of the key components of IoT is edge computing. We combine big data with cloud and edge computing in this paper as hybrid edge computing system. In the edge computing system, huge number of IoT devices computes services in its nearby network edge. Data sharing and transmission between the various service components may affect
performance of the system. The main aim of this research article is to reduce the delay in data transfer between the components. This optimization goal is achieved by new Hybrid Meta-heuristic optimization (HMeO) algorithm. New HMeO algorithm designed
for IoT devices to deploy the service components. MHO model is design to optimize the process by selecting the edge computing with minimum latency. Our proposed HMeO algorithm is compared with existing genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm. The result shows HMeO algorithm provides more performance and efficient in in-depth data analysing and locating the component in big databased cloud environment.
Security Recommendatios And Security Issues Associated With Big Data In Cloud Computing
Authors: G Sambaiah , Birudaraju Hyma
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we discuss security surveillance for Big data, cloud computing, Map Reduce and Hadoop environment. The focal point is on security surveillance in cloud computing that are corresponding with big data. Big data applications are a admirable beneficent to organizations, business, companies and many large scale and small scale industries.We also talk about various attainable solutions for the issues in Hadoop and cloud computing security. Cloud computing security is being blossom at a rapid pace which incorporate with computer security, network security, information security, and data privacy.Cloud computing plays a very crucial role in keep safe data, applications and the related infrastructure with the help of technologies, policies,controls , and big data tools. Moreover, Cloud computing, big data and its applications, advantages are likely to illustrated the most hopeful new boundaries in science.
A Teologia Latino-americana e suas pesquisas em Pós-graduação no Brasil
Authors: Moraes Abimar Oliveira de
Published: July 2020

Editorial de PqTeo, v. 3, n. 5 (2020).
Conferência de Medellín e a paz como denúncia das injustiças no continente latino-americano
Authors: Pereira Pedro Luiz Amorim
Published: July 2020

Os acontecimentos que cercaram a Segunda Conferência do Episcopado Latino-Americano em Medellín, revelam muito sobre a redação do próprio documento. Em um continente cujas principais nações eram governadas por regimes autoritários que maquiavam as grandes desigualdades sociais, os bispos de reunidos em Medellín mostraram por meio de um impactante texto, o quanto estavam inseridos na realidade dos povos mais simples. O presente artigo busca fazer um comparativo entre o capítulo da Paz no texto de Medellín e as realidades presentes em três grandes países do continente (Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai). A política autoritária e a grande discrepância social são denunciadas no texto que tomou por base a Populorum Progressio de Paulo VI e o movimento transformador proveniente do Concílio Vaticano II. Dados políticos e econômicos alheios ao ambiente da teologia colaboram na percepção da capacidade de análise de conjunturas relacionadas as situações nas quais a própria Igreja Católica estava inserida.
Sentir e Inteligir o Anúncio do Evangellho
Authors: De Sousa Sergio Claudio
Published: July 2020

Citações contidas no “Novo Testamento” nos da o tamanho da complexidade que é Sentir e Inteligir o Anúncio do Evangelho na pós-modernidade, é inevitável que o encontro do Evangelho com as diferentes culturas dê lugar a diversidade de expressões, porque cada cultura tem seus próprios sinais, símbolos, imagens e linguagem, mas para que possamos entender a Teologia transpassada pela Filosofia do Sentir e Inteligir de Xavier Zubiri, utilizaremos de recursos teóricos tanto Filosóficos quanto Teológicos que nos foram fornecidos pelo próprio Zubiri, e posteriormente como este sentir e inteligir o anúncio do Evangelho na história chegou à práxis utilizada por seu discípulo Ignácio de Ellacuría, este é o objetivo ao qual este trabalho se propõe.
A contribuição da Teologia Feminista Latino-Americana para a Promoção do Diálogo Inter-Religioso
Authors: Lucas Luísa De , Eggert Edla
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem a finalidade de analisar os fatores que contribuíram para a emergência da Teologia Feminista na América Latina, as fases dessa produção e as estratégias que possibilitaram a sua consolidação e o reconhecimento no campo acadêmico de hegemonia masculina, para compreender o status dessa Teologia e a sua importância no campo do saber teológico e do diálogo inter-religioso. A Teologia Feminista ganha vida através das experiências cotidianas de mulheres e homens por meio de fatores socioculturais, étnico/raciais, entre outros. Com raízes na Teologia da Libertação, a teologia feminista latino-americana surge ligada ao Primeiro Mundo, mas depois segue com suas características próprias a partir da singularidade do contexto latino-americano. Através da atuação de tantas mulheres, seja pelo estudo da Bíblia, nas comunidades e em suas igrejas, elas ocupam seu espaço, encontram novos desafios da nossa atualidade, entre eles, a contribuição e a reflexão da Teologia Feminista diante do pluralismo religioso. A teologia feminista pode contribuir com essa revisão do lugar da religião no projeto de libertação e promover uma teologia de integridade, paz e dialogicidade num Continente tão multicultural, de diferentes etnias, raças e religiosidades.
As juventudes como esperança eclesiológica
Authors: Danielski Gislene
Published: July 2020

Conforme constata o documento final do Sínodo dos Jovens: “Os jovens, a fé e o discernimento vocacional”, a Igreja experimenta em nossos tempos a necessidade de repensar sua maneira de transmitir a fé às novas gerações. J. Moing nos diz que essa dificuldade é concreta e precisa ser superada, pois “a única tarefa que importa é deixar passar o Reino de Deus empurrado para frente pelo sopro do Evangelho”. Esse quadro preocupa a Igreja desde tempos anteriores, como poderemos perceber se recorrermos a textos de Paulo VI, como por exemplo, a Exortação Apostólica Evangelii Nutiandi, ou mesmo a Encíclica Redemptoris Missio de João Paulo II, dentre outros documentos do Magistério. Veremos neste artigo que também as conferências episcopais latino-americanas, posteriores ao Concílio Vaticano II, trouxeram os jovens para as suas discussões. O intuito central é mostrar como, através dos documentos de Medellín, Puebla e Santo Domingo, os jovens foram apontados como esperança da Igreja pós-conciliar e também como desafio para a evangelização.
Overweight and obesity among staff of University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Abuo J , Ekpenyong BN , Nja GME , Nwachuku N , Williams IB
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Physical inactivity is reported among 41% of Nigerians and 73.8% of adults in Calabar have been reported to be either overweight or obese. Obesity is a chronic disorder marked by excessive generalized deposition and storage of fat in human body. It is indicated by a Body Mass Index of 30kg/m2 and above. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the staff of the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 321 staff in University of Calabar participated in this cross sectional study. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select faculties, departments, offices and respondents. Data was collected using a semi-structured and self administered questionnaire, a well calibrated weighing scale, a calculator and a checklist. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0.Results: Of the 321 respondents, 55.1% were males and 60.0% were non-teaching. One hundred and twenty nine (40.0%) of the staff were 31-40 years. A total of 43.6% had normal weight, 35.5% were overweight while 19.6% were obese. A total of 45.1% were estimated to be physically inactive and 24.0% did not intend to begin exercises within the next six months. Majority, 91.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about overweight/obesity and 60.4% correctly mentioned at least one possible health implication of overweight/obesity but only 24.3% could define overweight and obesity based on Body Mass Index and most staff (72.0%) believed they had normal weight. Conclusion: The percentage of those found to be either overweight or obese is remarkable and the need to educate staff of the implication and ways to avoid over-nutrition. To avoid the increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including communicable diseases, preventive health education and regular health checks for staff are recommended.
Factors responsible for the 2015 Cholera outbreak and spread in Ebonyi state, Nigeria
Authors: Onwe FI , Agu AP , Umezuruike D , Ogbonna C
Published: July 2020

Background: Cholera outbreaks are frequent across Nigeria irrespective of season. Cholera outbreak began on the 17th January 2015 in a community in Ebonyi State. We carried out an investigation to confirm the diagnosis, identify the source of infection, determine the factors associated with its spread and carried out some interventions.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the affected communities during which active case search, environmental survey and key informant interviews were done. Stool samples were taken from cases for laboratory diagnosis. A cholera case was defined as any person that presented with diarrhoea and or vomiting with laboratory confirmation or with epidemiological linkage to the affected areas.Results: A total of 551 cases were recorded in 38 communities with a case fatality rate of 8.6%. Vibrio Cholera was isolated from 5 stool samples. Those who were 20 years or less and females were more commonly affected. Males and attendance at burial in another community within the two weeks preceding onset of outbreak was significantly associated with death (p<0.001). Inadequate safe water supplies, poor sanitation and hygiene practices were observed.Conclusion: The outbreak was caused by Vibrio Cholera. Socio-cultural practices surrounding burial such as overcrowding, ceremonial killing of animals and communal eating together may have contributed to its widespread. A system thinking approach such as behavior change communication and community dialogue are needed for Cholera control.
Work-life balance and burnout: the practicing doctor's dilemma
Authors: Ogbonna C
Published: July 2020

Burnout rates and physician dissatisfaction are at an all-time high. Work-life balance is the panacea to worker's burn-out. The dictionary defines work-life balance as "the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with yournfamily and doing things you enjoy". Workers in public sector work officially for 8hrs per day and depending on the profession this may be further prolonged as in the health sector for 24hrs in some days of the week.
Peningkatan Penguasaan Konsep Biologi Siswa Menggunakan Strategi Kooperatif Stad
Authors: Jahidin Jahidin
Published: July 2020

Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran terus digalakkan melalui upaya pembelajaran yang inovatif. Implementasi pembelajaran inovatif dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, diantaranya adalah penggunaan strategi pembelajaran untuk mendorong siswa menjadi pusat belajar dan self-regulated learning. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dalam penelitian ini digunakan rancangan penelitian quasi eksperimen pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design dengan unit perlakuan 3x2 faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan penguasaan konsep biologi siswa pada ketiga strategi pembelajaran, akan tetapi tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan keterampilan metakognisi.
Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran (Kooperatif Model STAD dan Konvensional) terhadap Perolehan Belajar IPA Fisika Siswa Kelas IX yang Memiliki Tingkat Perkembangan Kognitif yang Berbeda
Authors: Pasaribu Marungkil
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji signifikansi perbedaan hasil belajar IPA Fisika antara kelompok belajar yang diberi perlakuan dengan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif model STAD dan strategi pembelajaran konvensional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian kuasi eksperimen pada siswa. Eksperimen menggunakan rancangan factorial 2 x 4 dengan versi disain faktorial non equivalen control group. Berdasarkan analisis data ditemukan ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada perolehan belajar IPA fisika antara kelas yang diberi perlakuan dengan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif dengan model STAD dan kelas yang diberi perlakuan dengan strategi pembelajaran konvensional.
Membandingkan Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Tipe Jigsaw dan Tipe Diskusi Panel untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa dalam Mempelajari Kimia Organik
Authors: Hadiantoro Sigit
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan hasil belajar pada mahasiswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe diskusi panel dalam mempelajari reaksi kimia organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan model prates-pascates kelompok-kelompok tak setara. Analisis Variansi dua jalur menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang nyata di antara kedua metode pembelajatan yang digunakan, sedangkan kedua sumber belajar tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata. Dari uji-t satu ekor terlihat bahwa untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam mempelajari reaksi-reaksi kimia organik pembelajaran tipe diskusi panel lebih efektif daripada tipe jigsaw.
Aprendendo com a forma urbana de Maputo (in)formal
Authors: Leite dos Santos Viana David Manuel , Sanz Juan , Natálio Ana
Published: July 2020

A problemática do artigo prende-se com a forma urbana de Maputo ao nível da sua estruturação e transformação. A partir da descrição deste processo, e como resultado, a ideia-chave é a de que a dicotomia ‘cidade de cimento’ / ‘cidade de caniço’ tem-se consubstanciado em complexas relações de forma urbana que importa entender. A metodologia desenvolvida, fortemente apoiada num estudo de caso, envolveu trabalho de campo a partir de registos gráficos, levantamento fotográfico, entrevistas exploratórias e recolha de informação de diferentes tipos e fontes, como cartografia e mapeamentos diversos. Procedeu-se ao tratamento de dados, redesenho e análise comparativa de múltiplos elementos da forma urbana de Maputo, conformando-os espacialmente e cronologicamente. Aplicaram-se métodos da morfologia urbana, descrevendo e explicando características e aspetos relativos à transformação da capital moçambicana. O principal resultado do artigo é a rejeição de perspetivas duais sobre a realidade urbana de Maputo, propondo, em alternativa, a inclusão e ‘interatuação’ de processos informais em princípios de intervenção inclusiva. Não se trata apenas de extrair sínteses da análise morfológica, na qual a dialética cidade de cimento / cidade de caniço traduz (de modo simplificado) contrastes intrincados da forma urbana de Maputo, mas antes de reconhecer a necessidade da articulação de conexões morfológicas mais conjuntas.
Transformação da forma urbana paulistana
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo , Guimarães Marília
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende investigar as transformações ocorridas na configuração do tecido urbano da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, bem como a relação estabelecida pela edificação, determinada por sua implantação nos lotes resultantes do modelo de parcelamento adotado e correspondente legislação edilícia vigente em cada período. O estudo partiu da organização de uma periodização histórica e estilística tradicional, percorrendo de forma cronológica os acontecimentos políticos, economicos e sociais. Busca identificar as transformações decorrentes de cada um deles, partindo do período de colonização brasileira pelos portugueses e seus modelos de construção das cidades, passando pelos estágios de monoculturas agrárias durante o neocolonialismo e o neoclássico do Império, pré e efetiva industrialização na República do ecletismo, chegando até a instauração da República Nova, momento no qual se estabeleceram e difundiram os ideais do Movimento Moderno, nas artes e na arquitetura. Utilizou-se como área de estudo o bairro da Mooca, com sua localização estratégica e diversificação demográfica, fatores que fizeram parte integrante dos principais momentos de transformação do tecido urbano paulistano, possibilitando que dele se extraíssem exemplares remanescentes dos principais tipos identificados.
Atributos morfológicos configuracionais e copresença em loteamentos residenciais dispersos de cidades médias brasileiras
Authors: Bassan Marinho Maciel Filipe , Lopes Zampieri Fábio Lúcio
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é identificar quais os atributos morfológicos configuracionais de maior correlação com a copresença no contexto sócio-espacial de dois loteamentos residenciais dispersos em Santa Maria (RS), Brasil. Por copresença, entende-se o conjunto de pessoas que estão juntas em determinado espaço. A metodologia é composta por: i) modelagem sintática axial e segmentada da área de estudo com diferentes raios; (ii) coleta da variável copresença categorizada em ‘pedestres em movimento’ e ‘pedestres estacionários’; e iii) cálculo dos coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre copresença e variáveis sintáticas. Parte-se do seguinte questionamento: como a forma urbana explica a apropriação social dos espaços livres nos loteamentos dispersos? Os resultados mostraram que, embora os dois loteamentos tenham padrões diferenciados de copresença, as variáveis ‘integração’ e ‘escolha’ têm as correlações positivas mais fortes com o número de pedestres. Os tipos de modelagem e de raio influenciaram na força das correlações: a análise angular segmentada com raio métrico mostrou-se mais eficiente para o maior número de categorias de copresença quando estas não são compostas essencialmente por movimento natural. Em geral, raios maiores aplicados às medidas locais geraram as correlações mais fortes: R1000m para a análise angular, e R5 para a análise axial.
Influências no processo de formação do tecido urbano nos bairros pericentrais de Maputo
Authors: Lage Jéssica
Published: July 2020

A história urbana da cidade de Maputo é marcada por transformações socioeconómicas, políticas e culturais que se reflectem nos processos de produção do tecido urbano. Identificam-se períodos contextuais que determinam estes processos urbanos ao longo da história da cidade e apresenta-se aqui as diferentes ocorrências e os contornos de influência que os marcaram. A cidade de Maputo desenvolveu-se dualizada, contendo em si duas cidade distintas – a cidade “cimento”, dita urbanizada, e a cidade “caniço”, periférica e composta por áreas consideradas autoproduzidas. O tecido urbano sofreu diversas intervenções, enquadradas por planos urbanísticos e políticas urbanas, através de iniciativas públicas e privadas que influenciaram a variedade de tipologias de malha encontradas nos bairros periféricos à cidade.Propõe-se analisar três bairros pericentrais, que apesar de similares pelo seu desenvolvimento na cintura periférica do centro urbanizado da cidade, pelas altas densidades populacionais e habitacionais e pela predominância da autoconstrução, possuem tecidos urbanos distintos: o bairro de Chamanculo C, o bairro da Polana Caniço A e o bairro de Maxaquene A. Através de uma análise diacrónica e sincrónica, e atendendo às diferenças urbanas mencionadas, pretende-se compreender que factores ao longo da história destes bairros influenciaram e determinaram os diferentes processos de produção do tecido urbano.
Intervenções temporárias no espaço público da cidade de Natal - RN
Authors: De Carvalho Manuela Cristina Rêgo , Ataíde Ruth Maria da Costa
Published: July 2020

A atual conformação das cidades e o marcante distanciamento das pessoas do espaço público têm proporcionado o aparecimento de movimentos de naturezas diversas que reivindicam novas formas de uso e apropriação do espaço. Nesse contexto, o movimento Eco Praça surge em Natal-RN como um projeto de intervenções temporárias que se fundamenta na mobilização social, estimulando o uso de praças subutilizadas, promovendo a revitalização e transformação no seu uso e apropriação pelos moradores da cidade. Este artigo, que resulta de uma pesquisa exploratória, analisa esses processos e a significância do movimento enquanto uma ação de resistência no âmbito local com ênfase na morfologia das praças e na percepção dos agentes envolvidos direta e indiretamente.
Análise tipo-morfológica aplicada a cidade nova planejada
Authors: Bombo Gonçalves Izabela , Schwabe Meneguetti Karin
Published: July 2020

A Escola Italiana de Morfologia Urbana trata de conceitos e método desenvolvidos a partir de estudos realizados inicialmente em cidades históricas, caracterizadas por ocupações orgânicas e espontâneas. Questiona-se se a análise tipo-morfológica, vertente dedicada a compreender a forma urbana por meio da interpretação do processo transformativo evidenciado na arquitetura, seria eficiente na leitura e compreensão da forma urbana de cidades novas planejadas, conformadas a partir de um plano que antecede sua ocupação. Para respondê-lo, utilizou-se como estudo de caso Maringá-PR, cidade nova planejada e implantada na década de 1940. Com o método italiano foi possível delinear o processo detalhado das transformações e permanências evidenciadas ao longo de suas ocupações, e compreender a sua forma urbana. Esta pesquisa demonstra que a análise tipo-morfológica é eficiente mesmo em casos onde as edificações são implantadas em um traçado urbano previamente instituído, ampliando a escala de abrangência do método italiano e contribuindo para um melhor entendimento das características morfológicas e do desenvolvimento de cidades novas planejadas.
Investigações sobre tipo territoriale e morphogenetic regions:
Authors: De Alvarenga Pereira Costa Stäel , Villefort Teixeira Maria Cristina , Salgado Marina , Gimmler Netto Maria Manoela , De Sousa Elieth Amélia , De Andrade Rezende Vivian Polyana
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados aferidos no desenvolvimento da pesquisa intitulada Territórios e Fronteiras: os conceitos inconclusos nas escolas de Morfologia Urbana, realizada no Laboratório da Paisagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). A pesquisa surgiu da constatação de que as abordagens da Escola Inglesa de Morfologia Urbana, em relação às regiões morfogenéticas (morphogenetic regions) e suas escalas de ação, resultaram em publicações reduzidas sobre estudos e aplicações práticas. Além disso, aspectos relacionados aos tipos e tipos territoriais (Tipo e tipo territoriale), todos integrantes dos conceitos da escola italiana, têm sido objeto de diferentes interpretações em vários estudos brasileiros em contravenção àqueles preconizados pelos seus fundadores. A pesquisa, realizada por meio de um grupo de estudos, busca avaliar a causa dessa fragilidade e das lacunas nos conceitos, para que essas abordagens europeias possam ser consolidadas e melhor aplicadas ao contexto brasileiro. Além disso, a pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar comparações entre as regiões morfogenéticas (morphogenetic regions), derivadas da escola inglesa e os tipos territoriais (tipo territoriale) extraídos da abordagem italiana. Finalmente, o objetivo principal é encontrar um denominador comum que possa ser aplicado às escalas da paisagem e fornecer o know-how para analisar e sintetizar os atributos das duas escolas.
Taxonomia tipomórfica
Authors: Gomes Fernando , Loyolla Coelho Leonardo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar um método matemático e algorítmico para estudar a cidade sob as premissas da complexidade, identificando padrões morfológicos por meio da taxonomia numérica, que, de maneira análoga na biologia, é usado para classificar espécies por suas similaridades, definindo grupos e relações hierárquicas. O estudo usa como recorte, para aplicação metodológica, o distrito da Vila Mariana na cidade de São Paulo, que tem mais de 1/3 de sua área destinada a Eixos de Estruturação e Transformação Urbana (EETU). Os resultados preliminares da classificação, na escala do lote edificado, mostram que alguns poucos grupos com muita similaridade acabam concentrando a grande maioria dos tipos da área estudada, tornando possível um agrupamento por meio da taxonomia numérica, aqui qualificada como tipomórfica. Um achado relevante evidenciado pelos resultados é a falta de isonomia que lotes com testada menor que 10m têm em relação a lotes maiores, remembrados. Porém, pequenos ajustes nos índices urbanísticos podem reestabelecer o equilíbrio e contribuir para uma maior diversidade da forma edificada.