bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat
Authors: Ayanda Opeyemi I , Tolulope Ajayi , Oniye Sonnie J
Published: June 2021

The aquatic ecosystem is under increasing pressure from environmental contaminants due to anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the potential of glyphosate and paraquat to induce DNA damage and other cell abnormalities in juvenile African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile fish were exposed for 96 h to 0.36, 0.48, 0.60, 0.72 and 0.84 mg/L glyphosate; and 0.018, 0.037, 0.055, 0.110 and 0.221 mg/L paraquat. Following the exposure, the fish liver and blood were analysed for DNA damage and micronucleus respectively. DNA damage was analysed using comet assay while the micronucleus test was used for assessing nuclear abnormalities. Both herbicides induced DNA damage in fish, with paraquat exhibiting higher toxicity. The severity in liver DNA damage was observed to be dependent on concentration. The herbicides triggered formation of micronuclei, bean-shaped cells, lobed nuclei, and apoptosis in blood cells of fish. Both herbicides also increased the frequency of occurrence of these cell abnormalities in erythrocytes and showed mutagenic potential in fish. Glyphosate and Paraquat both have mutagenic potentials in fish and this is a reflection of the threat these contaminants pose to fish and other forms of aquatic life in our natural water bodies. Low concentrations of these herbicides should be encouraged when usage is inevitable
No Time for a ‘Time Out’? Managing Time around (Non)Drinking
Authors: Caluzzi Gabriel , Pennay Amy , MacLean Sarah , Woodman Dan
Published: June 2021

Young people’s drinking represents a nexus between time, temporalities and social practices. While drinking and intoxication have previously been considered a way to achieve a youthful sense of ‘time out’, young people’s drinking is declining in Australia and other high-income countries, suggesting alcohol’s centrality in young people’s leisure time has diminished. Drawing on interviews with light and non-drinker teenagers from Melbourne, Australia, we develop Adorno’s concept of ‘free time’ to show how young people’s time use practices – including how they incorporate alcohol into their lives – are more than ever shaped by social and economic pressures. We framed participants’ discussion of time and its relationship to drinking as a) using free time ‘productively’, b) being opportunistic around busy schedules, and c) the importance of using time for restoration. These framings suggest fragmented and pressure-filled patterns of free time may challenge drinking as a ‘time out’ practice for young people.
Knowledge About Individuals’ Interracial Friendships Is Systematically Associated With Mental Representations of Race, Traits, and Group Solidarity
Authors: Kunst Jonas R. , Onyeador Ivuoma N. , Dovidio John F.
Published: June 2021

Individuals with other-race friends are perceived to identify less strongly with their racial in-group than are individuals with same-race friends. Using the reverse-correlation technique, we show that this effect goes beyond perceptions of social identification, influencing how people are mentally represented. In four studies with Black and White American participants, we demonstrate a “racial assimilation effect”: Participants, independent of their own race, represented both Black and White targets with other-race friends as phenotypically more similar to the respective racial out-group. Representations of targets with racial out-group friends were subsequently rated as more likely to engage in social action supportive of the racial out-group. Out-group targets with other-race friends were represented more favorably than out-group targets with mostly same-race friends. White participants had particularly negative representations of in-group members with mostly Black friends. The present research suggests that individuals’ social networks influence how their race and associated traits are mentally represented.
Lewis Terman in Context: An Analysis of Citations of Genetic Studies of Genius Inside and Outside the Field of Gifted Education
Authors: Hodges Jaret , Mun Rachel U. , Johnson Rebecca
Published: June 2021

Scholars do not dispute that Lewis Terman is an influential figure in the field of gifted education. What is less well understood is the extent of that influence within the field and outside the field of gifted education. Citation analysis provides one method to quantify and analyze a scholar’s influence. In our analysis, we use citation analysis to categorize and analyze a sample ( n= 213) of scholarly works which cite one of Lewis Terman’s Genetic Studies of Genius or successive works produced by his students. Our analysis provided evidence that nearly half of all citations of Terman’s work are considered incidental and do not directly reference his work or legacy. Furthermore, we found that negative citations of Terman’s work were in the minority compared with positive and neutral citations.
Changes in Attachment and Commitment in Couples Transitioning to Parenthood
Authors: Lapolice Thériault Rose , Brassard Audrey , Gingras Anne-Sophie , Brault-Labbé Anne , Lafontaine Marie-France , Péloquin Katherine
Published: June 2021

This study examined whether attachment predicts changes in commitment and whether commitment predicts changes in attachment in both partners during the transition to parenthood. Both partners of 93 couples completed online questionnaires individually at the second trimester of pregnancy and at 4 months postpartum. Autoregressive cross-lagged path analyses based on the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model tested the bidirectional associations between attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance) and three modes of commitment (optimal, over-commitment, and under-commitment). Results revealed that for both partners, prenatal attachment avoidance was associated with a decrease in optimal commitment and an increase in under-commitment from pre- to postpartum. Fathers’ attachment anxiety was associated with a decrease in mothers’ under-commitment. Furthermore, prenatal optimal commitment was associated with a decrease in attachment avoidance, whereas under-commitment was associated with an increase in attachment avoidance. Fathers’ prenatal over-commitment was associated with an increase in their own attachment anxiety and avoidance. These results highlight how attachment insecurities and relationship commitment interrelate during this major transition.
Gender Role Ideology, Work–Family Conflict, Family–Work Conflict, and Marital Satisfaction Among Korean Dual-Earner Couples
Authors: Yoo Jieun
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the gender role ideology of Korean dual-earner couples on marital satisfaction through work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. The subjects of the study were 4059 participants (2434 men and 1625 women) in South Korea selected from the 2015 Fact-Finding Survey in Families. Results of the study revealed that women scored higher on gender role ideology and family-to-work conflict, but men scored higher on work-to-family conflict and marital satisfaction. Gender role ideology had a significant indirect relationship on marital satisfaction through family-to-work conflict for men in the study, but there was no significant indirect relationship found for the women studied. Gender differences existed between marital satisfaction and its predicting variables. Based on the results of this study, the discussion in this article addresses implications and future research directions.
Ideologically consistent, but for whom? An empirical assessment of the populism-elitism-pluralism set of attitudes and the moderating role of political sophistication
Authors: Spruyt Bram , Rooduijn Matthijs , Zaslove Andrej
Published: June 2021

Scholars who study populism from an ‘ideational approach’ consider populism as a set of ideas based on a moralised anti-establishment thinking and a strong people-centrist view of politics. From this perspective, at a theoretical level, populist attitudes have the following two main contrasts: pluralism and elitism. In this article, we investigate the ideological consistency of the populism-pluralism-elitism set of attitudes among voters. Analysing data from Flanders (N = 1444), we make three main contributions. First, we show that there indeed exists an internally consistent relationship between populism, elitism, and pluralism among voters. Second, we demonstrate that this consistency only holds for the most politically sophisticated citizens. And third, we show that the relationship between populist and elitist attitudes is much more nuanced than often assumed. We show that it is possible to empirically distinguish between ‘expertise elitism’ and ‘anti-populist elitism’, two forms of elitism which relate differently to populist attitudes.
Measuring the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus—The Design and Development Process
Authors: Kusumo Mahendro Prasetyo , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Dewi Fatwa Sari Tetra
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Health behavior is important to control Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaires are needed to assess healthy behavior. This research aimed to design and develop instruments to measure KAP of diabetic patients in the control of fasting blood glucose (FBG).

Methods

Evaluation of the validity and reliability was assessed by calculating the score of internal consistency, testing the validity of the items by Pearson product moment correlation test, and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity and reliability tests were done at primary care centers in Yogyakarta. This study was conducted from August to October 2019. There were three stages of validity testing and one stage of reliability testing.

Results

The results of the knowledge variable validity test showed 16 question items were valid, while the attitude variable had 23 valid question items and the practice variable had 26 valid question items. The Cronbach Alpha scores of the KAP questionnaire were 0.597; 0.777; 0.824, with all values > r for each table (0.344; 0.361; 0.355), respectively. The questionnaire is concluded as valid and reliable if it is able to measure variables well and can be used repeatedly in the same conditions and give the same results. Questionnaires concerning KAP in controlling FBG are needed to support changes in healthy behaviors of patients with DM.

Conclusion

The questionnaire to assess KAP proved to be valid and reliable. It is hoped that psychometric research concerning this questionnaire continues in various countries as a basis for improving these instruments.
Systematic Development of Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the IPDAS Collaboration
Authors: Witteman Holly O. , Maki Kristin G. , Vaisson Gratianne , Finderup Jeanette , Lewis Krystina B. , Dahl Steffensen Karina , Beaudoin Caroline , Comeau Sandrine , Volk Robert J.
Published: June 2021

Background

The 2013 update of the evidence informing the quality dimensions behind the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) offered a model process for developers of patient decision aids.

Objective

To summarize and update the evidence used to inform the systematic development of patient decision aids from the IPDAS Collaboration.

Methods

To provide further details about design and development methods, we summarized findings from a subgroup ( n = 283 patient decision aid projects) in a recent systematic review of user involvement by Vaisson et al. Using a new measure of user-centeredness (UCD-11), we then rated the degree of user-centeredness reported in 66 articles describing patient decision aid development and citing the 2013 IPDAS update on systematic development. We contacted the 66 articles’ authors to request their self-reports of UCD-11 items.

Results

The 283 development processes varied substantially from minimal iteration cycles to more complex processes, with multiple iterations, needs assessments, and extensive involvement of end users. We summarized minimal, medium, and maximal processes from the data. Authors of 54 of 66 articles (82%) provided self-reported UCD-11 ratings. Self-reported scores were significantly higher than reviewer ratings (reviewers: mean [SD] = 6.45 [3.10]; authors: mean [SD] = 9.62 [1.16], P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Decision aid developers have embraced principles of user-centered design in the development of patient decision aids while also underreporting aspects of user involvement in publications about their tools. Templates may reduce the need for extensive development, and new approaches for rapid development of aids have been proposed when a more detailed approach is not feasible. We provide empirically derived benchmark processes and a reporting checklist to support developers in more fully describing their development processes. [Box: see text]
Pharmacokinetics of meropenem during advanced organ support (ADVOS®) and continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: König Christina , Kluge Stefan , Fuhrmann Valentin , Jarczak Dominik
Published: June 2021

The advanced organ support (ADVOS) system allows to eliminate water-soluble as well as protein-bound molecules. Despite its clinical features, to date nothing is known about the elimination of clinically relevant drugs such as antiinfectives. Therefore, we report a case treated with ADVOS, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and meropenem (1 g 8-hourly) for empiric sepsis therapy monitored by meropenem drug levels. ADVOS showed more efficient elimination of meropenem compared to CRRT which has to be considered when evaluating dosing regimens.
Experimental study on the efficacy of a hybrid artificial nerve: The hot dog method
Authors: Tamura Ryosuke , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Sakakibara Shunsuke , Osaki Takeo , Kitano Daiki , Maruguchi Hayato , Nomura Tadashi , Sugiyama Daisuke , Terashi Hiroto
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

We hypothesized that hybrid artificial nerves might overcome the limitations of a nerve conduit by isolating nerve fascicles from autologous nerves. Nerve sacrifice during harvest, a drawback of conventional autologous nerve transplantation, may be reduced by the hot dog method. The hot dog method (based on the morphology of hybrid artificial nerves) adds nerve conduits to autologous nerve fascicles.

Methods:

Forty-eight rats with a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect were divided into six groups ( n = 8 per group) according to the neural reconstruction method: autologous nerve transplantation, the hot dog method, nerve conduit, nerve fascicle transplantation, sham control, and nerve fascicle isolation were classified as Groups I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively. The sciatic nerve function was assessed in these groups, a histological evaluation was performed, and statistical analyses were conducted based on these data.

Results:

Group III (nerve conduit) and Group IV (nerve fascicle transplantation) showed the lowest functional and axonal regenerative effects, followed by Group II (hot dog method) and Group I (autologous nerve transplantation). Group VI (nerve fascicle isolation) tended to achieve better recovery in motor function and axonal regeneration than Group I (autologous nerve transplantation).

Conclusions:

The hot dog method is simple, safe, and easy to execute. This method can serve as a new neural reconstruction method that uses artificial nerves.
Special Educators’ Experiences of Interpersonal Interactions While Serving Students With Emotional/Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth , Lillis Jennifer , Stark Kristabel , Brunsting Nelson C. , Mathews Hannah Morris
Published: June 2021

Students with emotional/behavioral disorders are increasingly included in general education settings, requiring their special educators to coordinate with other educators. Yet, research provides limited insights into their interactions with other educators. Thus, we qualitatively examined how special educators experienced and navigated interactions with other educators when serving students with emotional/behavioral disabilities in self-contained classes that were actively moving students into more inclusive placements. Participants emphasized that their work was interdependent with others; they relied on others for work essential to meeting students’ needs. They shared that interactions were shaped by conceptions of students’ needs, the division of responsibilities, and resources. They experienced interactions on a continuum from alignment to misalignment; when experiencing alignment, they felt supported to meet student needs, whereas they felt misalignment challenged those efforts. Participants described using varied strategies to promote alignment. Results have implications for coordinating teachers’ efforts to serve students with emotional/behavioral disabilities.
Child Neglect and Life Satisfaction among Left-behind Children in Rural China: The Roles of Self-compassion and Gratitude
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Li Yali
Published: June 2021

Child neglect is a social problem that causes great concern and affects the long-term well-being of left-behind rural Chinese children against the backdrop of their parents having to leave them in the care of others for extended periods while they have to go and work in cities. However, previous studies have disproportionally focused on the negative processes through which child neglect may influence their life satisfaction. Guided by positive psychology, this study examined the role of self-compassion and gratitude on the association between child neglect and life satisfaction. Our research questionnaire Likert survey used a sample of 1,091 left-behind children and 754 non left-behind children from Shanxi Province and Hunan Province. The results indicated that left-behind children reported a higher level of child neglect, and that child neglect was negatively associated with left-behind children’s life satisfaction through decreased self-compassion and gratitude. The implications of these findings are that policy measures and interventions that focus on increasing the self-compassion and gratitude of neglected left-behind children may have a positive effect on their life satisfaction.
Sociodemographic Differences in Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence, Chronicity, and Severity Among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Assigned Male at Birth: The P18 Cohort Study
Authors: Stults Christopher B. , Khan Ellia , Griffin Marybec , Krause Kristen , Gao Siyan (Stan) , Halkitis Perry N.
Published: June 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among young sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth (YSGM-AMAB). However, few studies have examined the chronicity or distinguished between minor and severe forms of IPV among YSGM-AMAB. Furthermore, while past research has documented differences in IPV by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, gender identity, income, and education in other populations, few studies have examined these sociodemographic characteristics in relation to IPV in YSGM-AMAB. Thus, the present study aims to: (1) estimate past year prevalence and chronicity of minor and severe forms of IPV victimization and perpetration in a diverse sample of (N = 665) YSGM-AMAB in New York City, and (2) examine differences in IPV prevalence and chronicity by the aforementioned sociodemographic characteristics. Cross-sectional data from Project 18 (P18) informed these descriptive and inferential analyses. Nearly half of all participants reported past year IPV victimization and approximately 40% reported perpetration. Psychological violence was the most common form of victimization, followed by sexual, physical, and injury victimization. Psychological violence was the most common form of perpetration, followed by physical, sexual, and injury perpetration. Regarding sociodemographic differences in last year IPV prevalence, bisexual, transgender, and lower income YSGM-AMAB were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV victimization. Whereas Asian/API, bisexual, transgender, and lower income participants were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV perpetration. Regarding last year IPV chronicity, non-graduate YSGM-AMAB reported more instances of two subtypes of IPV victimization, while Black, White, cisgender, upper income, non-graduate participants reported more instances of several subtypes of IPV perpetration. These findings may be used to develop IPV prevention and intervention programs, inform future research endeavors, and develop and strengthen policies that reduce sociodemographic inequalities and promote more favorable sociopolitical conditions for YSGM-AMAB.
The Association of Federal and State-level Firearm Restriction Policies With Intimate Partner Homicide: A Re-analysis by Race of the Victim
Authors: Wallin Mikaela A. , Holliday Charvonne N. , Zeoli April M.
Published: June 2021

Firearms present a significant risk of intimate partner homicide (IPH) among women in the United States, and Black women continue to be overrepresented among IPH fatalities. State-level firearm restrictions for individuals under domestic violence restraining orders (DVRO) and firearm restrictions for those convicted of violent misdemeanor crimes are associated with reductions in IPH. To receive these protections, individuals must engage with the civil or criminal justice system. While access to, and engagement with, these systems may differ between Black and White populations, research has yet to examine the impact of these firearm restriction laws on IPH by racial group.

We conducted pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analyses to examine the association of selected firearm restriction laws on IPH by the race of the victims, from 1981 to 2013 for 45 states in the United States.

State-level DVRO firearm restrictions were associated with reductions in IPH in the White population only. The inclusion of relinquishment provisions in state DVRO firearm laws is associated with an 11% reduction in IPH and a 16% reduction in firearm IPH for White, but not Black, victims. Similarly, laws prohibiting individuals convicted of violent misdemeanors from possessing firearms are associated with a 23% reduction in IPH and a 28% reduction in firearm IPH for White victims only. The federal DVRO firearm restriction law is associated with a 27% reduction in state-level IPH and a 28% reduction in firearm IPH for Black, but not White, victims.

Firearm restriction laws may have a limited impact on IPH in Black populations. Future research should examine the factors behind the differential estimated impact of these laws by the race of the victims.
School-Based Diversity Education Activities and Bias-Based Bullying Among Secondary School Students
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Gower Amy L. , Brown Camille , Nam Yoon-Sung , Ramirez Marizen R.
Published: June 2021

Bias-based bullying (e.g., bullying related to race, weight, sexual orientation) is a common experience among youth, yet few school-based prevention programs explicitly address this type of bullying. This study explores whether schools that offer diversity education activities have lower rates of bias-based bullying among students compared to schools that do not offer these activities. Data came from two sources: the 2018 CDC School Profiles Survey ( N = 216 schools) and the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey ( N = 64,510 students). Multilevel logistic regression tested associations between diversity education activities (diversity clubs, lessons, or special events) and eight types of bias-based bullying among students, with attention to effect modification by relevant demographic characteristics. Students attending schools that offer a wider variety of diversity education opportunities had significantly lower odds of bullying about race, ethnicity, or national origin among boys of color ( OR = 0.89, CI: 0.80, 1.00), about sexual orientation for gay, bisexual, and questioning boys ( OR = 0.81, CI: 0.67, 0.97), and about disability for boys with a physical health problem ( OR = 0.86, CI: 0.76, 0.99). Attending a school with more types of diversity education activities may protect vulnerable students against specific types of bias-based bullying and advance health equity. A diversity education is recommended as a key component of antibullying efforts and policy.
Measuring the Cultural Competence of Latinx Domestic Violence Service Organizations
Authors: Wretman Christopher J. , Rizo Cynthia Fraga , Kim Jeongsuk , Alzuru Carolina , Fulton Deena , Lotz Lisi Martinez
Published: June 2021

Domestic violence (DV) represents a significant public health concern in the United States, including among Latinx populations. Despite the negative consequences associated with experiencing DV, research has shown that Latinx DV survivors may be less likely than others to utilize important services. One potential barrier is cultural competence (CC) in the provision of services specific to Latinx survivors among DV organizations. Thus, a beneficial addition to the field of DV service provision for such survivors is a better understanding and measurement of CC for this unique population. The exploratory, cross-sectional study herein presents the development and evaluation of a novel instrument for measuring the CC of DV organizations. Exploratory factor analysis was used on a purposive sample of 76 organizations in North Carolina who completed a comprehensive survey on their characteristics, practices, norms, and values. Psychometric results found best support for a 29-item, 4-factor bifactor model with both a general CC factor as well as three sub-factors. The general scale was named “General Cultural Competence,” while the three sub-scales were named “Organizational Values and Procedures,” “Latinx Knowledge and Inclusion,” and “Latinx DV Knowledge.” The final measure also demonstrated convergent validity with key organizational characteristics. Overall, higher CC scores were associated with organizations having more DV services in Spanish, a higher percentage of staff attending CC training, a higher percentage of staff attending Latinx service provision training, and a medium or greater presence in the Latinx community, and a moderate or stronger relationship with the Latinx community. The development of this measure is particularly useful in addressing knowledge gaps regarding the measurement of CC for Latinx DV services. Implications have importance for both the measurement of organizational CC and the scope of the measure’s associations with organizational, provider, and client outcomes.
How is Violence Themed in Nursing Education? Curricular Components in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Magalhães Beatriz de Castro , Silva Caik Ferreira , Filho José Adelmo da Silva , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Lopes Maria do Socorro Vieira , Albuquerque Grayce Alencar
Published: June 2021

It aims to identify how the phenomenon of violence is themed in the curricular components of undergraduate nursing courses of public and private higher education institutions in Northeastern of Brazil.

This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with documentary design and qualitative approach, based on the identification of the terms violence/aggression/abuse/aggressive/abusive in discipline menus available online from higher education institutions in northeastern Brazil. The data were organized and processed by the IraMuTeQ software and analyzed in the light of the relevant literature.

In total, 412 nursing graduate institutions were found, in which 49 had documents available online, and, of these, 21 had the term violence. The processing of the syllabuses in the program resulted in significant use (79.37%) originating from the Descending Hierarchical Classification, seven classes that reveal the highlight of the approach of violence directed at the female public and in this context, the approach to violence against women was associated with sexual and reproductive aspects, and in a secondary way, it integrated the perspective of female vulnerabilities, power relations, consequences of violence and nursing care to cope with the phenomenon. Violence against children and adolescents and the discussion of violence in the contexts of collective health and health promotion were also approached in a less intense way.

There was a predominance of the approach to violence aimed at women’s health, under a biological approach, with a deficit in the transversality of the contents. However, it is important to highlight potentialities associated with the approach and teaching of contents that stimulate the critical thinking of the student before female vulnerabilities and power relations between the sexes, which can contribute to the reformulation and reorientation of nursing curricula, restraining deficits, and optimizing the potentialities.
Single-Employer and Multiemployer Pension Plans: Problems and Prognosis
Authors: Kilgour John G.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the state of single-employer and multiemployer pension plans for the period 1980s to 2020 with particular attention to funding, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation benefit guarantees and intervention procedures, financial status, participant experience, employer premiums, and benefit payments. It then shifts to congressional efforts to save the plans beginning with the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act of 2014 and continuing through the complex development of the HEROES Act with its conflicting EPPRA and GROW Act provisions. Due to an unresolved conflict between the Senate Republicans and the House Democrats, the pension provisions were removed from the compromise legislation that was signed into law at the very end of the Trump Administration. The matter will be further addressed by the new Democratic-controlled Congress and the Biden/Harris Administration. However, that may take a while. The issues are complicated and the Congress may be busy with more pressing matters for some time to come.
Are psychosocial interventions effective at increasing condom use among Black men? A systematic review
Authors: Nwaosu Uzochi , Raymond-Williams Rianna , Meyrick Jane
Published: June 2021

Black men experience a disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United Kingdom (UK). STIs can seriously affect the health and well-being of affected individuals. With condoms effective at preventing STI transmission, this review aims to explore the evidence of effectiveness of psychosocial interventions at increasing condom use among Black men to inform UK-based interventions for this at-risk but unheard population. Nine databases were searched for qualifying studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of studies. A narrative synthesis read across the heterogeneous studies for evidence of effectiveness. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. This review identified scientifically weak evidence of effectiveness in multifaceted psychosocial interventions to increase condom use among Black men, particularly men who have sex with women and men who have sex with men mainly from United States settings. The multifaceted nature of interventions provides obscure evidence on successful elements of interventions with positive effects. Despite the disproportionate STI burden among this group, no UK-based studies were identified. Future research should aim to better understand condom use behavioural experiences and motivators of condom use among UK Black men to inform ethnically culturally relevant and tailored interventions.
The role of the library within school-level literacy policies and plans in Australia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Merga Margaret K.
Published: June 2021

Libraries are valuable resources that schools can draw upon to enhance their students’ literacy outcomes. However, the role of libraries in supporting student literacy attainment and maintenance may be poorly understood in schools. To determine if libraries are a valued literacy resource within schools, investigation of their incorporation into school-level literacy policies and plans was warranted. Literacy policies and plans from Australia and the United Kingdom were examined using a hybrid content analysis approach to explore if libraries are commonly featured in school literacy policies and plans. Analysis also identified the kinds of libraries that were mentioned, and the roles that libraries play in these documents. Only 34.3% of Australian documents mentioned a library, with UK documents far more likely to include them (74.3%). UK documents were more likely to mention school libraries, classroom libraries, public libraries, mobile libraries, online libraries and book swap areas, while parent libraries were only mentioned in Australian documents. Analysis of roles of libraries found mentions of borrowing and literature exposure; access to a well-resourced facility; reading for pleasure; reading for assessment; environment; research, information literacy and library skills; external expertise, resourcing and outreach; and literacy and literature instruction. UK documents were more likely to include these roles than their Australian counterparts.
Intravenous Administration of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Subacute Phase of Cerebral Infarction in a Mouse Model Ameliorates Neurological Disturbance by Suppressing Blood Brain Barrier Disruption and Apoptosis via Immunomodulation
Authors: Yoshida Yasunori , Takagi Toshinori , Kuramoto Yoji , Tatebayashi Kotaro , Shirakawa Manabu , Yamahara Kenichi , Doe Nobutaka , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: June 2021

Neuro-inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain infarction. Cell therapy offers a novel therapeutic option due to its effect on immunomodulatory effects. Amniotic stem cells, in particular, show promise owing to their low immunogenicity, tumorigenicity, and easy availability from amniotic membranes discarded following birth. We have successfully isolated and expanded human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of hAMSCs on neurological deficits after brain infarction as well as their immunomodulatory effects in a mouse model in order to understand their mechanisms of action. One day after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO), hAMSCs were intravenously administered. RT-qPCR for TNFα, iNOS, MMP2, and MMP9, immunofluorescence staining for iNOS and CD11b/c, and a TUNEL assay were performed 8 days following MCAO. An Evans Blue assay and behavioral tests were performed 2 days and several months following MCAO, respectively. The results suggest that the neurological deficits caused by cerebral infarction are improved in dose-dependent manner by the administration of hAMSCs. The mechanism appears to be through a reduction in disruption of the blood brain barrier and apoptosis in the peri-infarct region through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the M2-to-M1 phenotype shift.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Adaptive Shopping Patterns: An Insight from Indonesian Consumers
Authors: Hartono Arif , Ishak Asma'i , Abdurrahman Agus , Astuti Budi , Marsasi Endy Gunanto , Ridanasti Erlita , Roostika Ratna , Muhammad Suwarsono
Published: June 2021

Although existing studies on consumers typology are extensively conducted, insights on consumers typology in adapting their shopping attitude and behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unexplored. Current studies on consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic tend to focus on the following themes: panic buying behaviour, consumer spending and consumer consumption. This study explores a typology of adaptive shopping patterns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved a survey of 465 Indonesian consumers. Principal component analysis is used to identify the variables related to adaptive shopping patterns. Cluster analysis of the factor scores obtained on the adaptive shopping attitude and behaviour revealed the typology of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) analysis is used to profile the identified clusters based on attitude, behaviour and demographic characteristics. Results revealed five adaptive shopping patterns with substantial differences among them. This study provides in-depth information about the profile of Indonesian shoppers’ adaptive patterns that would help retailers in understanding consumers and choosing their target group. The major contribution of this study is providing segmentation on shopping adaptive patterns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic which presents interesting differences compared with previous studies. This study reveals new insights on shoppers’ adaptive attitude and behaviour as consumers coped with the pandemic.
Advances in enhancing structural and functional fatigue resistance of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy: A Review
Authors: Nargatti Kiran , Ahankari Sandeep
Published: June 2021

Nitinol (NiTi), a shape memory alloy (SMA) of nickel and titanium, exhibits two unique properties: the shape memory effect and superelasticity. It is a material of choice for applications demanding extraordinary flexibility and motion. It is subjected to greater fatigue strains compared to ordinary metals. The structural and functional fatigue properties are important for assessing the fatigue life and reliability of the superelastic NiTi. The advances made in the experimental analysis to improve the structural and functional fatigue resistance of superelastic NiTi are reviewed in this paper. Various aspects of fatigue behaviour of NiTi in biomedical and cooling applications, along with fatigue failure mechanism, are elaborated under structural fatigue. Importance of functional fatigue and its connect with structural fatigue performance of NiTi is discussed citing recent research literature. Furthermore, the effect of processing parameters involved in additive manufacturing on the fatigue performance of NiTi is also discussed.
The Delphi Process: Involving Parents of Children With Disabilities in Participatory Consensus Building
Authors: Jones Vita L. , Boone Randall , Brandon Regina R. , Dobbins Nicole , Higgins Kyle
Published: June 2021

Educators recognize that parental participation is a critical factor in the success of children within a school setting. This is particularly true for parents who have children with disabilities or who are from a culturally or linguistically diverse background. However, reaching out to these families can be a difficult task even for the most empathetic and concerned educator. And while communicating directly with individual parents about their children’s academic and social welfare provides some degree of effective engagement and communication between them and the school, the parents often remain isolated from the concerns and thoughts of other parents who are in similar situations. The Delphi process described in this article creates a collaborative workspace that moves parents from being a “watcher” of school policy or school-based decisions to a “developer” of school policy or school-based decisions. The article outlines and illustrates the steps in the process and further elaborates through an ongoing commentary depicting the creation and implementation of a Delphi with the goal of better engagement with parents.
A Preliminary Report on Alcohol-Associated DNA Methylation Changes and Suicidal Behavior: Evidence Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Adams Charleen D.
Published: June 2021

Suicide is a major public health concern. In 2015, it was the 10th leading cause of death in the US. The number of suicides increased by 30% in the US from 1999 to 2016, and a greater uptick in suicides is predicted to occur as a result of the COVID-19 crisis, for which the primary public-health strategy is physical distancing and during which alcohol sales have soared. Thus, current strategies for identifying at-risk individuals and preventing suicides, such as relying on self-reported suicidal ideation, are insufficient, especially under conditions of physical distancing, which exacerbate isolation, loneliness, economic stress, and possibly alcohol consumption. New strategies are urgent now and into the future. To that aim, here, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (an instrumental variables technique using public genome-wide association study data as data sources) was performed to determine whether alcohol-associated changes in DNA methylation mediate risk for suicidal behavior. The results suggest that higher alcohol-associated DNA methylation levels at cg18120259 confer a weak causal effect. Replication and triangulation of the results, both experimentally and with designs other than Mendelian randomization, are needed. If the findings replicate, the information might be utilized to raise awareness about the biological links between alcohol and suicide and possibly explored as a biomarker of risk, perhaps especially for early detection of those who may not self-report suicidal intent.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Psychological Experiences of COVID-19 Patients Receiving Inpatient Care in Isolation
Authors: Pei Haoyu , Wu Qiuping , Xie Yu , Deng Jing , Jiang Limei , Gan Xiaoqin
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout the world. Still, little is known about the psychological experiences of patients who received inpatient isolation treatment in order to improve the well-being of these patients. We randomly recruited 10 COVID-19 patients who received inpatient isolation treatment at a designated hospital in Wuhan from February to March 2020 and were discharged after recovery. The data were collected via a semi-structured interview over WeChat video and analyzed them using Calaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. COVID-19 patients experienced significant psychological stress during hospitalization that continued after recovery and discharge. This can be categorized into three themes: (1) negative emotions experienced; (2) uncertainty of treatment provided; and (3) worries about readjusting to daily life. The insight into a patient’s psychological experiences can support the timely implementation of personalized nursing interventions within hospitals and the community to improve the patient’s mental well-being and recovery trajectory.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in Family Mediation: An Examination of Multiple Methodological Approaches Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Rossi Fernanda S. , Applegate Amy G. , Beck Connie J. , Timko Christine , Holtzworth-Munroe Amy
Published: June 2021

Many divorcing/separating parties seeking mediation to resolve family-related issues report intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization from the other party in the case. It is imperative that mediation staff screen parties for IPV so they can make informed decisions regarding how to proceed with mediation. Existing IPV screens for mediation have significant limitations. We examined three methodological approaches using item response theory that address these limitations by increasing the efficiency and clinical utility of an existing standardized IPV screen for mediation, the Mediator’s Assessment of Safety Issues and Concerns ( N = 904 mediating parties). We identified three subsets of items, with initial evidence for their validity, focused on helping mediation staff identify high levels of IPV or parties at risk for potentially negative mediation outcomes or needing specialized safety accommodations in mediation. Clinical recommendations are provided indicating which approach is most promising to be used in mediation settings. Overall, findings help advance understanding of how item response theory methodology can enhance the precision of IPV screening in mediation.
Past Levels of Mental Health Intervention and Current Nondisclosure of Suicide Risk Among Men Older Than Age 50
Authors: Podlogar Matthew C. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: June 2021

Suicide risk screening depends heavily on accurate patient self-report. However, past negative experiences with mental health care may contribute to intentional nondisclosure of suicide risk during screening. This study investigated among 282 men older than age 50 whether likelihood for current explicit risk nondisclosure was associated with previous highest level of mental health care received. This sample was selected post hoc out of a larger sample of participants from higher risk and lower help-seeking populations (i.e., military service members and veterans, men older than age 50, and lesbian gay bisexual, transgender, and queer young adults), however, the other groups were underpowered for analysis. Among these men, history of psychiatric hospitalization was significantly associated with likelihood for explicit nondisclosure of current suicide risk, while history of receiving only outpatient therapy for suicidal thoughts or behaviors was significantly associated with likelihood for full reporting of suicide risk. Severity of suicidal ideation and internalized stigma against mental illness were significant indirect contributors to the effect. Although causality could not be determined, results suggest that a potential cost to consider for psychiatric hospitalization may be future nondisclosure of suicide risk. Conversely, outpatient interventions that appropriately manage suicidal thoughts or behaviors may encourage future full reporting of suicide risk and improve screening detection.
Exploratory Graph Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Ribeiro Santiago Pedro Henrique , Manzini Davi , Haag Dandara , Roberts Rachel , Smithers Lisa Gaye , Jamieson Lisa
Published: June 2021

In Australia, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been implemented in several national studies, including the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). However, three previous state-level validations indicated problems with instrument dimensionality, warranting further research. To address this gap, the current study employed exploratory graph analysis to investigate dimensionality of the caregiver-completed SDQ version 4 to 10 years in a nationally representative sample of Australian children. Data were from a dual cohort cross-sequential study (LSAC) that included more than 20,000 responses. Gaussian graphical models were estimated in each study wave and exploratory graph analysis applied. Structural consistency, item stability and network loadings were evaluated. The findings provided mixed support for the original SDQ five-factor structure. The Peer Problem scale displayed low structural consistency since items clustered with the Emotional Symptoms and Prosocial behavior, generating four-dimensional structures. Implications for future use of the SDQ version 4 to 10 years in Australia are provided.
Taking the Pulse of Hospitals’ Response to the New Price Transparency Rule
Authors: Nikpay Sayeh , Golberstein Ezra , Neprash Hannah T. , Carroll Caitlin , Abraham Jean M.
Published: June 2021

As of January 1, 2021, most U.S. hospitals are required to publish pricing information on their website to promote more informed decision making by consumers regarding their care. In a nationally representative sample of 470 hospitals, we analyzed whether hospitals met price transparency information reporting requirements and the extent to which complete reporting was associated with ownership status, bed size category, system affiliation, and location in a metropolitan area. Fewer than one quarter of sampled hospitals met the price transparency information requirements of the new rule, which include five types of standard charges in machine-readable form and the consumer-shoppable display of 300 shoppable services. Our analyses of hospital reporting by organizational and market attributes revealed limited differences, with some exceptions for nonprofit and system-member hospitals demonstrating greater responsiveness with respect to the consumer-shoppable aspects of the rule.