bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief Overview of the Integrated Fish Farming of Three Commercially Popular Fish Species (Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish) in Malaysia
Authors: Bin Mohd Khatib Mohd Azim , Mat Jais Abdull Manan
Published: November 2021

Aquaculture industry in Malaysia involves culture of many fish species of either fresh or brackish water origin and among the important fish species are Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish.  There is a substantial culture of these fish in Malaysia nowadays, though there are not one hundred percent native fish species but their presence in Malaysia is getting closer to over several decades and for almost a decade now, these species had been among the highest finfish produced in either fresh or brackish waters. As the global aquaculture production continue growing in order to meet up with ever increasing fish demand, especially as fish from capture has levelled off and makes an increase in aquaculture production as the only hope to meet the demand for fish, one of suggested ways in culturing them is by venturing into integrated fish farming. Integrated fish farming of different species is a practice which links together two or more normally separate farming systems, whereby the fish from different species become subsystems of a whole farming system. Although integrated fish farming may not be huge globally based on the available official statistical data but it is becoming important industry in Malaysia and neighboring countries. This review discussed briefly about the integrated fish farming of three commercially popular species (Snakehead, Tilapia and Catfish) in Malaysia and neighboring countries.
Evolution of a Profession: A Review of The Community Engagement Professional in Higher Education: A Competency Model for an Emerging Field
Authors: Kowal Monica M.
Published: November 2021

In The Community Engagement Professional in Higher Education: A Competency Model for an Emerging Field, editor Lina D. Dostilio and her co-authors collectively assemble—through rigorous literature reviews and a survey of more than 400 respondents—a comprehensive list of competencies and personal attributes of community engagement professionals (CEPs) (Dostilio, 2016; Dostilio & McReynolds, 2015; Jacoby & Mutascio, 2010; McReynolds & Shields, 2015), professional staff whose primary role on a university campus is to manage and support a wide spectrum of initiatives around community-campus partnerships. The volume is an important one, both for its attempt to identify the core characteristics and expertise needed to negotiate these increasingly nuanced partnerships and for its ability to illuminate the magnitude of responsibilities and resources that institutions of higher education need to employ in order to successfully impact their surrounding communities.
Validasi instrumen sport orientation questionnaire untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Sederajat
Authors: Ginanjar Agi
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memvalidasi Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) sederajat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Partisipan menggunakan 125 siswa SMK (95 laki-laki dan 30 perempuan). Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis faktor konfirmatori. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa SOQ diindikasikan diterima sehingga model persamaan struktural adalah baik dengan sebanyak 16 item yang digunakan. Sehingga sebisa mungkin untuk mengukur orientasi olahraga siswa SMK sederajat agar mengetahui orientasi olahraga siswa dapat menggunakan SOQ dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani yang menggunakan kompetisi sebagai strategi pembelajarannya.
Evaluasi program pembinaan sepak bola usia dini
Authors: Wargadinata Lingling Usli , Rusmana Ruslan , Budiman
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi program pembinaan sepak bola usia dini di Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan evaluasi program dengan desain CIPP. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jawa Barat dengan sampel atlet sepak bola usia dini. Hasil penelitian bahwa konteks program pembinaan sepak bola usia dini di Jawa Barat memiliki kesesuaian antara visi misi dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Input perencanaan pembinaan sepak bola usia dini belum dilengkapi dengan ketersediaan dokumen perencanaan latihan dan pedoman program. Proses Pelaksanaan Program pembinaan sepak bola usia dini di Jawa Barat dalam hal ini meliputi 1) pelaksanaan latihan, 2) pelaksanaan kompetisi 4)mProduk Program pembinaan sepak bola usia dini mampu meningkatkan kualitas atlet. Atlet sepak bola usia dini Jawa Barat mengalami peningkatan perkembangan fisiologis, perkembangan teknik dan perkembangan mental hal ini tercermin dari hasil try-out, try- in, kejuaraan bahkan tercermin selama proses latihan berlangsung.
Survey Kesadaran Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Fisik di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Hardi Veny Juniarni , Supriadi Dedi , Supriady Andy , Ahmad Karisman Vicki
Published: November 2021

Pandemi Covid 19 pada tahun 2020 membawa banyak perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, semua hal harus dilakukan di rumah, belajar berkerja, beribadah bahkan berolahraga di lakukan dirumah. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini tentang Kesadaran masyarakat dalam mneingkatkan kesehatan dimasa pandemi, apabila kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga kesehatan meningkat maka akan menciptakan pola hidup sehat bagi tubuh dan lingkungan nya bahkan besar kemungkinan akan terhindar dari virus yang dapay membahayakan bagi tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kesadaran masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kesehatan dimasa pandemi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian desktiftif kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket melalui googleform. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kesadaran masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kesehatan dimasa pandemi meningkat, masyarakat menyadari arti pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dan melakuka pola hidup sehat untuk individu dan lingkungan sekitar.
Game Motorik : Aritmatika Step
Authors: Arif Purnomo  , Endah Sudarmillah
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan Game di dunia semakin pesat, termasuk di Indonesia. Game sering digunakan sebagian orang sebagai sarana hiburan ataupun pendidikan anak-anak, dewasa, pria maupun wanita. Seringnya seseorang memaikan Game khususnya anak-anak membuat mereka melupakan belajar dan tumbuh kembang motorik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangsang minat anak belajar matematika melalui Game edukasi dan meransang tumbuh kembang motorik anak. Game ini dibuat menggunakan aplikasi platform 2D dengan dancepad sebagai kontroler pada Game dengan menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan model waterfall. Hasil penelitian ini berupa Game motorik aritmatika step. Pada Game ini terdapat 4 level dan memiliki soal-soal yang berbeda pada setiap levelnya. Pengujian Game dilakukan dengan uji Black box dan metode System Usability Scale (SUS), dengan 30 responden menghasilkan score SUS sangat baik yaitu 79,5 sehingga Game dapat diterima.
Evaluasi Desain Antarmuka Pengguna pada Website Broadband Learning Center Menggunakan Metode Innovation Difussion Theory - Technology Acceptance Model (IDT-TAM)
Authors: Rizky Arya Febriawan  , Puspita Kartikasari
Published: November 2021

Broadband Learning Center (BLC) adalah sarana pembelajaran komputer dan internet gratis bagi warga surabaya berbasis web. Selama digunakannya website ini belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi melalui feedback dari pengguna, sebagai upaya untuk mengetahui dampak dari sistem yang ada pada website BLC dalam proses pembelajaran dibidang teknologi informasi dan komputer melalui respon yang diberikan oleh masyarakat. Solusi yang diberikan adalah dengan menganalisis dan mengevaluasi website berdasarkan feedback dari pengguna dengan metode Innovation Difussion Theory (IDT) â€“ Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebesar 100 responden dari pengguna aplikasi BLC. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data dengan metode IDT-TAM diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel faktor yang berinteraksi berpengaruh terhadap kegunaan sistem informasi, variabel faktor yang berinteraksi dan variabel kondisi objektif berpengaruh terhadap kemudahan yang dirasakan, selanjutnya variabel kemudahan yang dirasakan berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan saat ini. Dari hasil anÃ¡lisis dan evaluasi data selanjutnya disusun sebuah rekomendasi berupa tahapan redesign pada tampilan antarmuka website BLC.
Implementasi dan Analisis Fitur Keamanan Protokol MQTT pada Telehealthcare
Authors: Dian Rachmadini  , Ira Puspasari  , Jusak
Published: November 2021

Protokol MQTT merupakan salah satu protokol IoT dengan konsep publisher, subscriber, dan broker. Penerapan protokol MQTT dengan fitur keamanan dapat menggunakan Transport Layer Security (TLS). Pada makalah ini, fitur keamanan TLS pada MQTT akan diimplementasikan untuk mengirim data sinyal EKG. Sinyal EKG berbeda setiap orang dan merupakan privasi bagi pasien, karena dari sinyal EKG ini juga dapat digunakan untuk melihat penyakit pasien tersebut. Proses transmisi pada MQTT Security (MQTTS) akan menggunakan file kunci yang telah dibuat oleh broker. File kunci ini akan diberikan kepada client supaya bisa melakukan komunikasi, mengirim dan menerima data yang telah terenkripsi. Enkripsi data dilakukan karena adanya file kunci ini sehingga proses transmisi lebih aman. Hasil analisis perhitungan selisih besar paket sebelum dan setelah pengiriman pada QoS 0 adalah 152,6458 byte dan 139,4504 byte. Sedangkan QoS 1 sebesar 99,7932 byte dan 115,5321 byte. Kedua QoS menunjukkan selisih yang cukup besar, tetapi disisi lain pegiriman data menjadi lebih aman. Pada pengujian waktu yang diperlukan untuk proses enkripsi, QoS 0 menghasilkan waktu rata-rata 0,7 ms, QoS 1 menunjukkan hasil lebih lama yaitu 9,6 ms   dikarenakan penambahan sinyal kontrol pada QoS 1. Hasil uji integritas data dengan cross-correlation , QoS 0 dan QoS 1 menunjukkan nilai 1 pada lag ke-0 yang artinya data yang dikirim dan diterima tidak terdapat perubahan (sama).
Rancang Bangun Website Informasi Pemesanan Lapangan Olahraga
Authors: Michael Randicha G.S  , Yuwono Marta Dinata
Published: November 2021

Pada saat ini, olahraga tidaklah lagi hanya menjadi cara untuk meningkatkan kesehatan jasmani, akan tetapi sudah menjadi gaya hidup di masyarakat. Pemerintah kota Surabaya telah membangun dan menyediakan 403 lapangan olahraga yang dapat digunakan secara gratis, hal ini menunjukkan semangat masyarakat surabaya untuk sehat dengan berolahraga didukung oleh pemerintah kota Surabaya. Maka dari itu, hal ini merupakan suatu peluang bagi pebisnis untuk dapat mengelola lapangan olahraga secara professional. Berdasarkan pada survey yang telah dilakukan, peminat olahraga memiliki kendala dimana lapangan penuh ketika ingin dipesan, pemesanan hanya dapat dilakukan secara langsung atau hanya melalui telepon, dan mereka tidak ingin datang ke tempat olahraga hanya untuk melakukan pemesanan. Maka dari itu,  dilakukan penelitian dan perancanaan dalam pembuatan sebuah sistem informasi pengelolaan dan pemesanan lapangan olahraga, sistem informasi ini akan menggunakan framework berbasis bahasa pemrograman PHP yaitu Laravel. Berdasarkan pada pengujian yang telah dilakukan, aplikasi telah berhasil dalam melakukan pengecekan dan validasi terhadap data masukan. Aplikasi dapat dinyatakan berjalan dan berfungsi dengan baik.
Migration, Extremism, & Dangerous Blame Games: Developments & Dynamics in Serbia
Authors: Lažetić Marina
Published: November 2021

The rapid arrival of hundreds of thousands of migrants into the European Union (EU) from the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa beginning in 2015 coincided with an increase in support for anti-immigrant rhetoric and the far-right in many European countries. A substantial number of these migrants came to the EU through what became known as the “Balkan Route” a major transit land route cutting through the Western Balkans. In 2016, however, the Route officially “closed,” leaving many of those people attempting to reach Europe effectively stranded within the Balkans. In 2020, for example, approximately 7,000 migrants and refugees were present within the borders of Serbia at any given time. This presence of migrants within the Balkans did not go unnoticed and, in some cases, even spurred increased activity within and mobilization among far-right actors opposed to their presence in the region. Exploring this phenomenon, this report focuses on dynamics surrounding migration and responses to it from the far-right in Serbia, one of the countries on the Balkan Route.
Optimal saving and sustainable foreign debt
Authors: Villanueva Delano , Mariano Roberto
Published: November 2021

This paper develops and discusses an open-economy growth model in a modi!ed Arrow learning-by-doing framework, in which workers learn through experience on the job, thereby increasing their productivity. Applying optimal control to maximize the discounted stream of intertemporal consumption, the model yields domestic saving rates of 18-22 percent of GDP, which are feasible targets in developing and emerging market economies. Sustainable gross foreign debt is in the range of 39-50 percent of GDP. Saving, debt, and growth policies are suggested.
Applying Health in All Policies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Authors: Maamouri Amina , Tebbe Nova , Unterberger Chris
Published: November 2021

The University of Wisconsin-Madison’s (UW-Madison) response to the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates how prioritizing health in campus policies is necessary to achieve better health, educational, and workforce outcomes. COVID-19 cases increased on campus as students attended in-person classes at the beginning of the 2020-21 academic year, though dampened as the university ramped up protective measures. Harm may have been prevented had proactive and analytical approaches to policy making, which are foundational to a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach, been implemented sooner. Specifically, comprehensive and rapid Health Impact Assessments could enhance university leadership’s ability to mitigate the negative effects of existing and future policies. Here, we recognize the COVID-19 pandemic as a justifiable catalyst for implementing a HiAP approach in UW-Madison policymaking. We recommend that the university establish a HiAP subcommittee within the Division of Diversity, Equity & Educational Achievement. This action standardizes the use of tools essential to HiAP across campus while limiting the demand on existing university committees and other administrative offices.
Impact of PREX-II and Combined Radio/NICER/XMM-Newton’s Mass–radius Measurement of PSR J0740+6620 on the Dense-matter Equation of State
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we discuss the impact of the following laboratory experiments and astrophysical observation of neutron stars (NSs) on their equation of state (EoS): (a) the new measurement of neutron skin thickness of 208Pb,

R

skin

208

=
0.29
±
0.07

fm by the PREX-II experiment; (b) the mass measurement of PSR J0740+6620 has been slightly revised down by including additional ∼1.5 yr of pulsar timing data. As well as the radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620 by joint NICER/XMM-Newton collaboration, which has a similar size to PSR J0030+0451. We combine this information using Bayesian statistics along with the previous LIGO/Virgo and NICER observations of NS using a hybrid nuclear+piecewise-polytrope EoS parameterization. Our findings are as follows. (a). Adding PREX-II result yields the value of empirical parameter

L
=

69

−
19

+
21

MeV,

R

skin

208

=

0.20

−
0.05

+
0.05

fm, and radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ (

R

1.4

)
=

12.75

−
0.54

+
0.42

km at 1σ confidence interval. We find these inferred values are mostly dominated by the combined astrophysical observations as the measurement uncertainty in

R

skin

208

by PREX-II is much broader. Also, a better measurement of

R

skin

208

might have a small effect on the radius of low-mass NSs but, for the high masses, there will be almost no effect. (b) After adding the revised mass and radius measurement of PSR J0740+6620, we find the inferred radii of NSs are slightly pushed toward the larger values and the uncertainty on the radius of a 2.08 M
⊙ NS is moderately improved.
Localized Acceleration of Energetic Particles by a Weak Shock in the Solar Corona
Authors: Long David M. , Reid Hamish A. S. , Valori Gherardo , O’Kane Jennifer
Published: November 2021

Globally propagating shocks in the solar corona have long been studied to quantify their involvement in the acceleration of energetic particles. However, this work has tended to focus on large events associated with strong solar flares and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), where the waves are sufficiently fast to easily accelerate particles to high energies. Here we present observations of particle acceleration associated with a global wave event which occurred on 2011 October 1. Using differential emission measure analysis, the global shock wave was found to be incredibly weak, with an Alfvén Mach number of ∼1.008–1.013. Despite this, spatially resolved type iii radio emission was observed by the Nançay RadioHeliograph at distinct locations near the shock front, suggesting localized acceleration of energetic electrons. Further investigation using magnetic field extrapolation identified a fan structure beneath a magnetic null located above the source active region, with the erupting CME contained within this topological feature. We propose that a reconfiguration of the coronal magnetic field driven by the erupting CME enabled the weak shock to accelerate particles along field lines initially contained within the fan and subsequently opening into the heliosphere, producing the observed type iii emission. These results suggest that even weak global shocks in the solar corona can accelerate energetic particles via reconfiguration of the surrounding magnetic field.
Building Better Spin Models for Merging Binary Black Holes: Evidence for Nonspinning and Rapidly Spinning Nearly Aligned Subpopulations
Authors: Galaudage Shanika , Talbot Colm , Nagar Tushar , Jain Deepnika , Thrane Eric , Mandel Ilya
Published: November 2021

Recent work paints a conflicting portrait of the distribution of black hole spins in merging binaries measured with gravitational waves. Some analyses find that a significant fraction of merging binaries contain at least one black hole with a spin tilt >90° with respect to the orbital angular momentum vector, which has been interpreted as a signature for dynamical assembly. Other analyses find that the data are consistent with a bimodal population in which some binaries contain black holes with negligible spin while the rest contain black holes with spin vectors preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum vector. In this work, we scrutinize models for the distribution of black hole spins to pinpoint possible failure modes in which the model yields a faulty conclusion. We reanalyze data from the second LIGO–Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) using a revised spin model, which allows for a subpopulation of black holes with negligible spins. In agreement with recent results by Roulet et al., we show that the GWTC-2 detections are consistent with two distinct subpopulations. We estimate that 69%–90% (90% credible interval) of merging binaries contain black holes with negligible spin χ ≈ 0. The remaining binaries are part of a second subpopulation in which the spin vectors are preferentially (but not exactly) aligned to the orbital angular momentum. The black holes in this second subpopulation are characterized by spins of χ ∼ 0.5. We suggest that the inferred spin distribution is consistent with the hypothesis that all merging binaries form via the field formation scenario.
Confirmation of Iron Emission Lines and Nondetection of TiO on the Dayside of KELT-9b with MAROON-X
Authors: Kasper David , Bean Jacob L. , Line Michael R. , Seifahrt Andreas , Stürmer Julian , Pino Lorenzo , Désert Jean-Michel , Brogi Matteo
Published: November 2021

We present dayside thermal emission observations of the hottest exoplanet KELT-9b using the new MAROON-X spectrograph. We detect atomic lines in emission with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 using cross-correlation with binary masks. The detection of emission lines confirms the presence of a thermal inversion in KELT-9b’s atmosphere. We also use M-dwarf stellar masks to search for TiO, which has recently been invoked to explain the unusual Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 spectrum of the planet. We find that the KELT-9b atmosphere is inconsistent with the M-dwarf masks. Furthermore, we use an atmospheric retrieval approach to place an upper limit on the TiO volume mixing ratio of 10−8.5 (at 99% confidence). This upper limit is inconsistent with the models used to match the WFC3 data, which require at least an order of magnitude more TiO, thus suggesting the need for an alternate explanation of the space-based data. Our retrieval results also strongly prefer an inverted temperature profile and atomic/ion abundances largely consistent with the expectations for a solar composition gas in thermochemical equilibrium. The exception is the retrieved abundance of Fe+, which is about 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than predictions. These results highlight the growing power of high-resolution spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes to characterize exoplanet atmospheres when used in combination with new retrieval techniques.
What is Exceptional about Solar Activity in the Early Phase of Cycle 25?
Authors: Jain Kiran , Lindsey Charles , Tripathy Sushanta C.
Published: November 2021

Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019 December and has been progressing nominally since. However, a closely associated pair of strong active regions, NOAA 12786 and 12785, emerged in 2020 November. The greater, northern component, 12786, attained a maximum sunspot area of 1000 μHemi. The sudden, uncharacteristic emergence of such a large concentration of intense magnetic flux in the early phase of the solar cycle has not been seen in previous cycles. Although the active region pair survived for two Carrington rotations, it did not produce any X- or M-class flares. Here we remark on the evolution of NOAA 12786 and 12785, first in the Sun’s invisible and subsequently the visible hemispheres, and compare the irradiance and other characteristic profiles it manifested in the early ascending phase of cycle 25 with those of previous solar cycles.
New Spectropolarimetric Measurements of HD 144941
Authors: Przybilla Norbert , Fossati Luca , Jeffery C. Simon
Published: November 2021

We report new spectropolarimetric measurements of the magnetic massive He-strong star HD 144941, which is the most extreme member of this class of stars in terms of surface helium abundance. Twelve epochs over a time span of 1.5 times the rotation period were observed with the FOcal Reducer/low dispersion Spectrograph 2 on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in 2021 July and August, doubling the low-resolution spectropolarimetry data available for the star.
More Power Analyses Are Needed
Authors: Taylor John M.
Published: November 2021

Nurse researchers have long been encouraged to consult a priori power analyses to help design studies that are robust to type II errors. Unfortunately, a cursory look at
Journal of Nursing Education
articles published in 2020 suggests that a priori power analyses may be used infrequently in our community. Consequently, this column requested that authors conduct power analyses using increasingly rigorous standards (e.g., power levels) and report their findings well to readers. When a priori power analyses are missing or not reported clearly, reviewers and editors are encouraged to request authors ameliorate the shortfalls in their manuscripts.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(11):605–606.]
A novel decision making technique based on spherical hesitant fuzzy Yager aggregation information: application to treat Parkinson's disease
Authors: Naeem Muhammad ,   Deanship of Combined First Year, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Khan Aziz , Ashraf Shahzaib , Abdullah Saleem , Ayaz Muhammad , Ghanmi Nejib ,   Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan,   University College of Jammum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2021

The concept of spherical hesitant fuzzy set is a mathematical tool that have the ability to easily handle imprecise and uncertain information. The method of aggregation plays a great role in decision-making problems, particularly when there are more conflicting criteria. The purpose of this article is to present novel operational laws based on the Yager t-norm and t-conorm under spherical hesitant fuzzy information. Furthermore, based on the Yager operational laws, we develop the list of Yager weighted averaging and Yager weighted geometric aggregation operators. The basic fundamental properties of the proposed operators are given in detail. We design an algorithm to address the uncertainty and ambiguity information in multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) problems. Finally, a numerical example related to Parkinson disease is presented for the proposed model. To show the supremacy of the proposed algorithms, a comparative analysis of the proposed techniques with some existing approaches and with validity test is presented.
An Introduction to Survey Research
Authors: Halupa Colleen
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an easy-to-understand overview of several important concepts for selecting and creating survey instruments for dissertations and other types of doctoral research. This chapter includes information on instrument selection, survey validation, and survey instrument creation. A review of survey scale types and important definitions and concepts related to survey research is included. A sample conceptual framework that can be used to link research questions, relevant literature, and survey questions is also provided.
Historical Research on International Business, Management and Strategy
Authors: Silva Pedro
Published: November 2021

History matters. Recently, there has been an increase of interest in the use of historical research in the fields of international business, management and strategy; however, the use of this approach is still underexplored when compared to the use of more quantitative methodologies. Historical research seeks the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of data from the past to unveil previous events and, also, to relate them to both present and future, contributing to the understanding and explanation of theories. This chapter reviews the foundations of the historical research method in international business, management, and strategy and proposes a framework to guide historical research in these fields. Contrariwise to the traditional argument that history is theory resistant, at least from an independent-dependent and a context-invariant standpoint that so often characterizes economic approaches, historical research can contribute to a better understanding of the business phenomena.
Supporting and Facilitating Pedagogical Creativity With Gamification
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: November 2021

Pedagogical creativity is an opportunity to innovate, create agency, and raise awareness of critical commentary on issues which are often regarded as being central to the concepts of social justice and identity within the context of transformative learning. This chapter provides an insight into the theoretical basis of gamification and its usefulness in explicating the meaning that others ascribe to their individual experiences of the world and how they interpret them. Higher education remains a central forum and situationally responsive focus to highlight those issues which remain topical, yet often unaddressed. This affords a lens of intellectual, rationale articulation of what matters – lives lived in a world still tainted with injustice and the lack of society's impetus and appetite for progressive change. Gamification is posited as a means of facilitating freedom of expression for individuals and collective communities, for whom voicing personal beliefs and standpoints has been a barrier for rationale debate on issues of oppression and the advocacy of agency in practice.
Practicing Creativity
Authors: Attié Elodie A , Guibert Jérôme , Polle Clémence , Wojtunik Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way people live and behave. Mental health has become more fragile due to social distancing, stress and fears, and the consequences of the disease. This chapter points out how the context of COVID-19 affects people's lives and the significance of doing creative tasks during these uncertain times. Research has shown that creativity can enhance the ability to cope and heal, as it heightens resilience and abilities of problem-solving. Moreover, everyone can learn techniques to become more creative and develop this skill through time and experience. For example, creativity increases through communication and collaboration with others. Therefore, this chapter demonstrates the relevance of practicing creativity during a worldwide pandemic, providing examples of applications and solutions for everyone to improve mental health and well-being.
Moving In-Frame
Authors: Johnson Andi , Lessey Richard , O'Reilly Rebeca Ramos , Shi Jessica
Published: November 2021

The researchers explored the dual experience of individuals who are both taking dance and movement classes digitally at the same time as they are also teaching dance and movement classes digitally. By focusing on this duality through a series of interviews with practitioners, the researchers explore how the learner/educators do or do not adapt one set of skills into the other area of work and the lessons learned from this reflective practice. The results are analyzed and broken down into five sections: glitches of the practice, reflective practice, active learning, engagement, and reframing communication. Through further analysis, the researchers explore possibilities for shifting the mindset around digital education methods. The researchers then offer suggestions for further development in the field and where further research can expand on the subject area.
Securing Financial Inclusiveness Adoption of Blockchain FinTech Compliance
Authors: Susanto Heru , Ibrahim Fahmi , Rodiah  , Rosiyadi Didi , Setiana Desi , Susanto Alifya Kayla Shafa , Kusuma Nicolas , Setiawan Iwan
Published: November 2021

Financial technology (FinTech) as part of financial inlcussion changes conventional business models to be information technology minded. The presence of FinTech in the wider community makes it easy for access to financial service products and transactions and payment systems more practically, efficiently, and economically. Unfortunately, as the security risk in transacting increases, cyber security in the financial services industry and FinTech service providers is considered a major target by cybercriminals. This study proposed a security management approach through hybrid blockchain method implemented through flask framework and encryption to protect transaction data. The results are promising. Referring to accuracy, this study successfully reduces data leakage and misuse of personal data and financial data in FinTechs.
Understanding Employee Ownership in the Context of French Family Firms
Authors: Ouiakoub Mohamed , Elouadi Sara
Published: November 2021

Family firms, in which a family controls a majority stake in the organisation, are often considered characteristically different from non-family firms. However, our understanding of employee ownership in the specific context of family firms suffers from the concerns raised by owners of several family firms about such ownership. The decision to open the capital to its employees goes beyond the question of the ownership of family business. Nevertheless, it impacts the governance of the company and raises several concerns including the transmission of information, transparency, increased formalism, and taxation. This study aims to analyze how family firms benefit from an employee ownership plan and how governance practices impact the mechanism of employee ownership plans. This study examines the financial communication of French family firms in terms of mployee ownership activities.
Health Communication Strategies
Authors: Ünür Ece
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on the crisis and risk management strategies as parts of health communication processes applied during the COVID-19 era. For the literature part, risk and crisis communication, social media, information disorders, and infodemic are used, and for the analysis, crisis communication strategies of the Ministry of Health in the Republic of Turkey are examined. The findings reveal that the ministry takes several precautions in order to prevent the spread of the virus (like lockdowns, enclosures, strengthening health services, etc.) and to inform the public regularly via conventional and social media.
Towards a Restructured Theorization of Development and Adaptability for the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Vlados Charis , Chatzinikolaou Dimos
Published: November 2021

It becomes progressively understood that the health crisis (and the deriving socioeconomic crisis) of COVID-19 drives the global system towards radical transformations. The successful adaptation of the various socioeconomic actors in this emerging reality probably constitutes the most significant challenge ahead. This chapter suggests a restructured theorization of socioeconomic development for the post-COVID-19 era, focused on the prerequisite organizational adaptation. This conceptual research examines fundamental evidence concerning current developments globally, arriving at a repositioning in evolutionary and interdisciplinary terms by adopting the strategy-technology-management synthesis to change management and innovation (Stra.Tech.Man).
Implementing AACN’s Healthy Work Environment Framework in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kester Kelly , Pena Heather , Shuford Catherine , Hansen Corrie , Stokes Jason , Brooks Kayla , Bolton Tanya , Ornell Amanda , Parker Philip , Febre Janice , Andrews Kelly , Flynn Gregory , Ruiz Rex , Evans Tonya , Kettle Mollie , Minter Jacqueline , Granger Bradi
Published: November 2021

Background

Bedside nurse turnover in the United States is 15.9%, representing a national challenge that has been attributed to poor work environments. Healthy work environments are associated with improved nurse satisfaction and retention as well as positive patient outcomes; unhealthy work environments have the opposite effects.

Objectives

To implement the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) healthy work environment (HWE) framework in an intensive care unit and to evaluate staff satisfaction, turnover, and tenure 2 years later.

Methods

A pre-post study design was used to evaluate implementation of the HWE framework in an intensive care unit in a large academic medical facility. Interventions for each of the 6 HWE standards were performed. The AACN HWE assessment survey was used to measure skilled communication, true collaboration, effective decision-making, appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, and authentic leadership in 2017 and in 2019.

Results

Nurse cohorts (n = 165 in 2017; n = 176 in 2019) had a mean age of 31 (median, 27; range, 23-63) years, were predominantly female (76%), and had a mean of 5 (median, 3) years of intensive care unit nursing experience. Statistically significant improvements were found in all standards except the skilled communication and overall measures. Registered nurse turnover remained stable and tenure increased by 79 days in this 2-year period.

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest that interventions addressing the HWE standards are associated with improved staff satisfaction, turnover, and average tenure, further demonstrating the value of the HWE framework in improving retention.
Delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Post–Intensive Care Syndrome–Family via a Mobile Health App
Authors: Petrinec Amy , Wilk Cindy , Hughes Joel W. , Zullo Melissa D. , Chen Yea-Jyh , Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: November 2021

Background

Family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at risk for post–intensive care syndrome– family (PICS-F), including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the first-line nonpharmacologic treatment for many psychological symptoms and has been successfully delivered by use of mobile technology for symptom self-management.

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of delivering cognitive behavioral therapy through a smartphone app to family members of critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study with a consecutive sample of patients admitted to 2 adult ICUs and their family members. The control group period was followed by the intervention group period. The intervention consisted of a mobile health app preloaded on a smartphone provided to family members. The study time points were enrollment (within 5 days of ICU admission), 30 days after admission, and 60 days after admission. Study measures included demographic data, app use, satisfaction with the app, mental health self-efficacy, and measures of PICS-F symptoms.

Results

The study sample consisted of 49 predominantly White (92%) and female (82%) family members (24 intervention, 25 control). Smartphone ownership was 88%. Completion rates for study measures were 92% in the control group and 79% in the intervention group. Family members logged in to the app a mean of 18.58 times (range 2-89) and spent a mean of 81.29 minutes (range 4.93-426.63 minutes) using the app.

Conclusions

The study results confirm the feasibility of implementing app-based delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy to family members of ICU patients.
Pediatric nurses' grit and nursing intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating and moderating effects of mindset and psychological collectivism
Authors: Chu Young Soo , Oh Won-Oak , Park Il Tae , Lee Anna , Jung Myung-Jin
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating and moderating effects of mindset and psychological collectivism, respectively, on the relationship between grit and nursing intention for children with emerging infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among pediatric nurses.Methods: We conducted a crosssectional descriptive study with 230 pediatric nurses.Results: Grit directly impacted mindset (β=.27, p<.001) and nursing intention (β=.20, p=.001). The direct effect of mindset on nursing intension (β=.28, p<.001) and the indirect effect of grit on nursing intension via mindset (β=.08, p<.001) were significant. Accordingly, mindset mediated the effect of grit on nursing intention. The effects of grit and psychological collectivism (β=.19, p=.003), respectively, on nursing intention were significant. However, the interaction between grit and psychological collectivism was not significant. Thus, psychological collectivism did not moderate the effect of grit on nursing intention.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of pediatric nurses' grit and mindset on their intended care for patients in critical situations. Cultivating a gritty culture and developing interventions to enhance nurses' personality traits associated with their performance will be crucial, and such measures are especially salient for pediatric nurses to face the new adjustments required in the era of COVID-19.
The effect of age and abstinence time on semen quality
Authors: Chen Gang-Xin , Li Hai-Yan , Lin Yun-Hong , Huang Zhi-Qing , Huang Peng-Yu , Da Lin-Cui , Shi Hang , Yang Lei , Feng Ye-Bin , Zheng Bei-Hong
Published: November 2021

This study analyzed the effects of male age and abstinence time on semen quality and explored the best abstinence time for Chinese males among different age groups. Semen parameters, including sperm kinetics, morphology, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI), were reviewed from 2952 men. Samples were divided into six age groups (≤25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years, 36–40 years, 41–45 years, and >45 years) and were divided into six groups according to different abstinence time (2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days). The differences in semen quality between the groups were compared, and the effect of age and abstinence time on semen quality was analyzed. Significant differences were observed in semen volume, progressive motility (PR), and DFI among the age groups (all P < 0.05), and no significant differences were observed in sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences in semen volume, PR, and DFI among different abstinence time groups (all P < 0.05) and no significant differences in sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). Pearson analysis showed that male age and abstinence time were both significantly correlated with sperm kinetics and DFI (both P < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found with sperm morphological parameters (all P > 0.05). The box plots and histograms of men's age, abstinence time, and semen quality show that most semen quality parameters differ significantly between the 2 days and 7 days abstinence groups and other groups at different ages. Except for the sperm morphology parameters, sperm kinetic parameters and sperm DFI are linearly related to male age and abstinence time.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography at Different Tube Voltages for Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth with Metallic Posts
Authors: BashizadehFakhar Hoorieh , Bolhari Behnam , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Amini Shirin , Ranji Paniz
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

The study evaluated the effectiveness of different tube voltages of the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device on the diagnosis of vertical root fractures in teeth with single root canals and posts.

Materials and methods:

Sixty single-canal and single-rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, all of which were intact and contained no fractures. After disinfection, teeth crowns were sectioned and teeth canals were prepped and obturated by a method similar to the rotary technique. Root fractures were created in half of the teeth by applying controlled buccolingual force. Prefabricated metal posts were subsequently placed in all teeth using AH26 sealer. All teeth, both intact and fractured, were mounted in bovine ribs and X-rayed randomly using a CBCT device (Planmeca Romexis, Helsinki, Finland) with three tube voltages (min = 66 kVp, mid = 80 kVp, and max = 92 kVp). Three experienced maxillofacial radiologists observed and commented on the images. Research data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software.

Results:

Images taken by kVp min were removed from further statistical analysis due to a lack of diagnostic information. For mid (80) and max kVp (92), the sensitivity values were 86.6% and 60 % (P = 0.04), and the specificity values were 33.3% and 30%, respectively (P = 0.45). Overall, observers’ opinions were more alike concerning images taken with kVp mid than kVp max.

Conclusion:

Apparently, images taken by a tube voltage of 80 kVp are more efficient in the diagnosis of root fractures.
Abutment Screw Loosening in Single Implant Restorations
Authors: Asli Hamid Neshandar , Falahchai Mehran , Rahimabadi Samiye , Arbab Hamidreza , Mousavi Mehr Zoheir
Published: November 2021

Aim:

To assess the fracture strength of repaired implant-supported cement-retained monolithic zirconia restorations with porcelain and composite resin.

Materials and methods:

Nighty monolithic zirconia crowns were cemented over the implant abutments, and divided into three groups (n = 30): control, screw access hole preparation in the crown and its restoration with composite resin (HC), and screw access hole preparation in the crown and its restoration with feldspathic porcelain (HP). Fracture strength was measured by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed (α < 0.05).

Results:

The maximum fracture strength was in the control group (764.23 ± 108.41 N), whereas the minimum was in HC group (686.25 ± 101.86 N). The mean fracture strength in HC group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.008). No significant difference was noted between other groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Repaired implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns with feldspathic porcelain provided a fracture strength comparable to that in the control group.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sonic v/s Ultrasonic Activation on Disinfection of Root Canal System
Authors: Attavar Shruthi H. , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Veena
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

The key for long-term success in root canal therapy is the effective debridement with chemical irrigants before obturation. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine along with activation using sonic and an ultrasonic device in teeth when used in teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis.

Material and Method:

A total of 90 single rooted mandibular premolar were infected with E. faecalis and placed in the incubator for 24 hours. The specimens were divided into six groups as follows: Group I: positive control; Group II: negative control; Group III: sodium hypochlorite + passive ultrasonic activation for 20, 40, and 60 seconds; Group IV: chlorhexidine + passive ultrasonic activation; Group V: sodium hypochlorite + endoactivator; and Group VI: chlorhexidine + endoactivator activation. After disinfection, dentinal shavings were collected using H file and subcultured in brain heart infusion agar (BHI) broth further streaked in brain heart agar plates to check the colony counting.

Result:

Bonferroni post hoc test was done to compare the significant difference between different experimental groups. Group III showed a significant difference in the antimicrobial activity compared to Group IV, V, and VI with P < 0.05. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis was done to analyze the intergroup comparison of the bacterial count at various time intervals (20, 40, and 60 seconds). It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference with P < 0.01 between the time interval of different experimental groups.

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of this study, sodium hypochlorite along with passive ultrasonic irrigation showed a reduction in E. faecalis count compared to the other irrigating protocols used in the study and the results were statistically significant.
Hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery splenectomy
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Dhillon Kanwarjit Singh , Kaushal Gourav
Published: November 2021

Laparoscopic splenectomy has become an established standard of care in managing surgical diseases of the normal-sized spleen. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a step forward in making laparoscopic surgery even less invasive. In addition, the spleen can be accessed easily with the hybrid transvaginal approach. We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with medical refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Hybrid notes splenectomy was performed using three working 5-mm abdominal trocars and a 10-mm camera port through the posterior fornix of the vagina. The organ was retrieved intact transvaginally. The patient had minimal post-operative pain and was discharged on the 1st post-operative day. Transvaginal hybrid NOTES approach is feasible for operative visualisation, dissection, clipping and specimen extraction in patients requiring splenectomy. It may offer better cosmesis and faster recovery. Comparative studies with conventional laparoscopic approach are desirable.