bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Grain Stress and Distinguishing Between Mobility and Transportability Improves Bedload Transport Estimates in Coarse‐Bedded Mountain Rivers
Authors: Gilbert Jordan , Wilcox Andrew C.
Published: August 2024

Estimating sediment transport in mountain rivers is challenging because of sediment supply limitation, broad grain size distributions, complex flow hydraulics, and large form drag. Consequently, sediment transport equations are lacking for application in rivers where the bed is coarse and largely immobile, but small fractions of finer, transportable sized material contribute disproportionately to bedload transport. We introduce a framework for estimating sediment transport in mountain rivers that addresses two limitations: estimating the shear stress acting on mobile grains, and accounting for the difference between mobility of size fractions, that is, whether or not a specific grain size can move at a given flow, and transportability, which we define as how much of that size present in the bed will be recruited into transport. We use two bedload data sets to develop equations for predicting incipient motion and transport rates of each grain size fraction present in the bed. We tested the new equations against incipient motion and sediment transport data we collected from streams in the Rocky Mountains, USA, and against published regional sediment yield data. Using this method results in transport estimates where the finer fractions, despite being a small fraction of the bed surface, make up a large part of the total yield. Fractions greater than the median bed grain size are mobile only during peak flood flows, consistent with the existing mountain river bedload data sets. The approach is parsimonious, requiring only data that are often readily available or obtainable: a bed grain size distribution, hydraulic geometry measurements, and discharge.
Single-cell transcriptome profiles the heterogeneity of tumor cells and microenvironments for different pathological endometrial cancer and identifies specific sensitive drugs
Authors: Ren Fang , Wang Lingfang , Wang Yuyouye , Wang Jiaxuan , Wang Yuanpei , Song Xiaole , Zhang Gong , Nie Fangfang , Lin Shitong
Published: August 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by varied pathology and prognoses, and the heterogeneity of its cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 18 EC samples, encompassing various pathological types to delineate their specific unique transcriptional landscapes. Cancer cells from diverse pathological sources displayed distinct hallmarks labeled as immune-modulating, proliferation-modulating, and metabolism-modulating cancer cells in uterine clear cell carcinomas (UCCC), well-differentiated endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC-I), and uterine serous carcinomas (USC), respectively. Cancer cells from the UCCC exhibited the greatest heterogeneity. We also identified potential effective drugs and confirmed their effectiveness using patient-derived EC organoids for each pathological group. Regarding the TME, we observed that prognostically favorable CD8+ Tcyto and NK cells were prominent in normal endometrium, whereas CD4+ Treg, CD4+ Tex, and CD8+ Tex cells dominated the tumors. CXCL3+ macrophages associated with M2 signature and angiogenesis were exclusively found in tumors. Prognostically relevant epithelium-specific cancer-associated fibroblasts (eCAFs) and SOD2+ inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) predominated in EEC-I and UCCC groups, respectively. We also validated the oncogenic effects of SOD2+ iCAFs in vitro. Our comprehensive study has yielded deeper insights into the pathogenesis of EC, potentially facilitating personalized treatments for its varied pathological types.
Pushing redox potentials to highly positive values using inert fluorobenzenes and weakly coordinating anions
Authors: Armbruster Christian , Sellin Malte , Seiler Matthis , Würz Tanja , Oesten Friederike , Schmucker Maximilian , Sterbak Tabea , Fischer Julia , Radtke Valentin , Hunger Johannes , Krossing Ingo
Published: August 2024

While the development of weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) received much attention, the progress on weakly coordinating and inert solvents almost stagnated. Here we study the effect of strategic F-substitution on the solvent properties of fluorobenzenes C6FxH6−x (xFB, x = 1–5). Asymmetric fluorination leads to dielectric constants as high as 22.1 for 3FB that exceeds acetone (20.7). Combined with the WCAs [Al(ORF)4]− or [(FRO)3Al-F-Al(ORF)3]− (RF = C(CF3)3), the xFB solvents push the potentials of Ag+ and NO+ ions to +1.50/+1.52 V vs. Fc+/Fc. The xFB/WCA-system has electrochemical xFB stability windows that exceed 5 V for all xFBs with positive upper limits between +1.82 V (1FB) and +2.67 V (5FB) vs. Fc+/Fc. High-level ab initio calculations with inclusion of solvation energies show that these high potentials result from weak interactions of the ions with solvent and counterion. To access the available positive xFB potential range with stable reagents, the innocent deelectronator salts [anthraceneF]+∙[WCA]− and [phenanthreneF]+∙[WCA]− with potentials of +1.47 and +1.89 V vs. Fc+/Fc are introduced.
A standardized image processing and data quality platform for rodent fMRI
Authors: Desrosiers-Grégoire Gabriel , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Grandjean Joanes , Chakravarty M. Mallar
Published: August 2024

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in rodents holds great potential for advancing our understanding of brain networks. Unlike the human community, there remains no standardized resource in rodents for image processing, analysis and quality control, posing significant reproducibility limitations. Our software platform, Rodent Automated Bold Improvement of EPI Sequences, is a pipeline designed to address these limitations for preprocessing, quality control, and confound correction, along with best practices for reproducibility and transparency. We demonstrate the robustness of the preprocessing workflow by validating performance across multiple acquisition sites and both mouse and rat data. Building upon a thorough investigation into data quality metrics across acquisition sites, we introduce guidelines for the quality control of network analysis and offer recommendations for addressing issues. Taken together, this software platform will allow the emerging community to adopt reproducible practices and foster progress in translational neuroscience.
Electrically tunable layer-hybridized trions in doped WSe2 bilayers
Authors: Perea-Causin Raul , Brem Samuel , Buchner Fabian , Lu Yao , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lupton John M. , Lin Kai-Qiang , Malic Ermin
Published: August 2024

Doped van der Waals heterostructures host layer-hybridized trions, i.e. charged excitons with layer-delocalized constituents holding promise for highly controllable optoelectronics. Combining a microscopic theory with photoluminescence (PL) experiments, we demonstrate the electrical tunability of the trion energy landscape in naturally stacked WSe2 bilayers. We show that an out-of-plane electric field modifies the energetic ordering of the lowest lying trion states, which consist of layer-hybridized $$\Lambda$$
Λ
-point electrons and layer-localized K-point holes. At small fields, intralayer-like trions yield distinct PL signatures in opposite doping regimes characterized by weak Stark shifts in both cases. Above a doping-asymmetric critical field, interlayer-like species are energetically favored and produce PL peaks with a pronounced Stark red-shift and a counter-intuitively large intensity arising from efficient phonon-assisted recombination. Our work presents an important step forward in the microscopic understanding of layer-hybridized trions in van der Waals heterostructures and paves the way towards optoelectronic applications based on electrically controllable atomically-thin semiconductors.
Distinct regulation of ATM signaling by DNA single-strand breaks and APE1
Authors: Zhao Haichao , Li Jia , You Zhongsheng , Lindsay Howard D. , Yan Shan
Published: August 2024

In response to DNA double-strand breaks or oxidative stress, ATM-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) is activated to maintain genome integrity. However, it remains elusive whether and how DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) activate ATM. Here, we provide direct evidence in Xenopus egg extracts that ATM-mediated DDR is activated by a defined SSB structure. Our mechanistic studies reveal that APE1 promotes the SSB-induced ATM DDR through APE1 exonuclease activity and ATM recruitment to SSB sites. APE1 protein can form oligomers to activate the ATM DDR in Xenopus egg extracts in the absence of DNA and can directly stimulate ATM kinase activity in vitro. Our findings reveal distinct mechanisms of the ATM-dependent DDR activation by SSBs in eukaryotic systems and identify APE1 as a direct activator of ATM kinase.
Engineering new-to-nature biochemical conversions by combining fermentative metabolism with respiratory modules
Authors: Schulz-Mirbach Helena , Krüsemann Jan Lukas , Andreadaki Theofania , Nerlich Jana Natalie , Mavrothalassiti Eleni , Boecker Simon , Schneider Philipp , Weresow Moritz , Abdelwahab Omar , Paczia Nicole , Dronsella Beau , Erb Tobias J. , Bar-Even Arren , Klamt Steffen , Lindner Steffen N.
Published: August 2024

Anaerobic microbial fermentations provide high product yields and are a cornerstone of industrial bio-based processes. However, the need for redox balancing limits the array of fermentable substrate-product combinations. To overcome this limitation, here we design an aerobic fermentative metabolism that allows the introduction of selected respiratory modules. These can use oxygen to re-balance otherwise unbalanced fermentations, hence achieving controlled respiro-fermentative growth. Following this design, we engineer and characterize an obligate fermentative Escherichia coli strain that aerobically ferments glucose to stoichiometric amounts of lactate. We then re-integrate the quinone-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and demonstrate glycerol fermentation to lactate while selectively transferring the surplus of electrons to the respiratory chain. To showcase the potential of this fermentation mode, we direct fermentative flux from glycerol towards isobutanol production. In summary, our design permits using oxygen to selectively re-balance fermentations. This concept is an advance freeing highly efficient microbial fermentation from the limitations imposed by traditional redox balancing.
Adaptive gene loss in the common bean pan-genome during range expansion and domestication
Authors: Cortinovis Gaia , Vincenzi Leonardo , Anderson Robyn , Marturano Giovanni , Marsh Jacob Ian , Bayer Philipp Emanuel , Rocchetti Lorenzo , Frascarelli Giulia , Lanzavecchia Giovanna , Pieri Alice , Benazzo Andrea , Bellucci Elisa , Di Vittori Valerio , Nanni Laura , Ferreira Fernández Juan José , Rossato Marzia , Aguilar Orlando Mario , Morrell Peter Laurent , Rodriguez Monica , Gioia Tania , Neumann Kerstin , Alvarez Diaz Juan Camilo , Gratias Ariane , Klopp Christophe , Bitocchi Elena , Geffroy Valérie , Delledonne Massimo , Edwards David , Papa Roberto
Published: August 2024

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crucial legume crop and an ideal evolutionary model to study adaptive diversity in wild and domesticated populations. Here, we present a common bean pan-genome based on five high-quality genomes and whole-genome reads representing 339 genotypes. It reveals ~234 Mb of additional sequences containing 6,905 protein-coding genes missing from the reference, constituting 49% of all presence/absence variants (PAVs). More non-synonymous mutations are found in PAVs than core genes, probably reflecting the lower effective population size of PAVs and fitness advantages due to the purging effect of gene loss. Our results suggest pan-genome shrinkage occurred during wild range expansion. Selection signatures provide evidence that partial or complete gene loss was a key adaptive genetic change in common bean populations with major implications for plant adaptation. The pan-genome is a valuable resource for food legume research and breeding for climate change mitigation and sustainable agriculture.
Determination of DTaP vaccine potency by multiplex immunogenicity testing using electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Friedrichs Bärbel , Rehg Simone , Hanschmann Kay-Martin , Öppling Volker , Bekeredjian-Ding Isabelle
Published: August 2024

Lot release testing of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccines traditionally relied on in vivo protection models involving challenge of laboratory animals with toxins. Meanwhile, many labs have switched to serological testing of these vaccines, which is often performed in separate in vivo assays, even if all components were formulated into one vaccine product. Here we describe the results of simultaneous serological potency determination of diphtheria (D), tetanus (T) and acellular pertussis (aP) antigens obtained following immunization of guinea pigs with multicomponent pediatric and booster vaccines from different manufacturers. The 4th World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS) for diphtheria toxoid (No. 07/216) and the 4th WHO IS for tetanus toxoid (No. 08/218) were used as reference preparations. For aP, a pediatric vaccine batch containing the antigens pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin and fimbriae proteins type 2/3 was established as internal control. Quantification of IgG against D, T and aP antigens in guinea pig sera was performed using a hexaplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We further provide proof-of-concept using experimental vaccine samples lacking or containing reduced amounts of diphtheria toxoid in the presence of full amounts of tetanus and pertussis antigens and alum adjuvant. Importantly, the assay confirmed dose-response relationships for all antigens tested and was able to detect diphtheria out-of-specification batches. The results confirmed the suitability of the protocol for combined serology batch release testing of DTaP combination vaccines as first measure towards implementation of full in vitro testing of DTaP vaccines. This report summarizes the data and the protocol used for validation prior to implementation of this method in routine batch release testing of DTaP vaccines, which led to replacement of in vivo challenge experiments in our laboratory following the 3 R (replace, reduce, refine) principle.
AI-based automation of enrollment criteria and endpoint assessment in clinical trials in liver diseases
Authors: Iyer Janani S. , Juyal Dinkar , Le Quang , Shanis Zahil , Pokkalla Harsha , Pouryahya Maryam , Pedawi Aryan , Stanford-Moore S. Adam , Biddle-Snead Charles , Carrasco-Zevallos Oscar , Lin Mary , Egger Robert , Hoffman Sara , Elliott Hunter , Leidal Kenneth , Myers Robert P. , Chung Chuhan , Billin Andrew N. , Watkins Timothy R. , Patterson Scott D. , Resnick Murray , Wack Katy , Glickman Jon , Burt Alastair D. , Loomba Rohit , Sanyal Arun J. , Glass Ben , Montalto Michael C. , Taylor-Weiner Amaro , Wapinski Ilan , Beck Andrew H.
Published: August 2024

Clinical trials in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) require histologic scoring for assessment of inclusion criteria and endpoints. However, variability in interpretation has impacted clinical trial outcomes. We developed an artificial intelligence-based measurement (AIM) tool for scoring MASH histology (AIM-MASH). AIM-MASH predictions for MASH Clinical Research Network necroinflammation grades and fibrosis stages were reproducible (κ = 1) and aligned with expert pathologist consensus scores (κ = 0.62–0.74). The AIM-MASH versus consensus agreements were comparable to average pathologists for MASH Clinical Research Network scores (82% versus 81%) and fibrosis (97% versus 96%). Continuous scores produced by AIM-MASH for key histological features of MASH correlated with mean pathologist scores and noninvasive biomarkers and strongly predicted progression-free survival in patients with stage 3 (P < 0.0001) and stage 4 (P = 0.03) fibrosis. In a retrospective analysis of the ATLAS trial (NCT03449446), responders receiving study treatment showed a greater continuous change in fibrosis compared with placebo (P = 0.02). Overall, these results suggest that AIM-MASH may assist pathologists in histologic review of MASH clinical trials, reducing inter-rater variability on trial outcomes and offering a more sensitive and reproducible measure of patient responses.
Bayesian spatial analysis of incomplete vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Lanre Quadri , Adebowale Ayo S. , Palamuleni Martin E.
Published: August 2024

High childhood disease prevalence and under-five mortality rates have been consistently reported in Nigeria. Vaccination is a cost-effective preventive strategy against childhood diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of Incomplete Vaccination (IV) among children aged 12–23 months in Nigeria. This cross-sectional design study utilized the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select women of reproductive age who have children (n = 5475) aged 12–23 months. The outcome variable was IV of children against childhood diseases. Data were analyzed using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation and Bayesian binary regression models (α0.05). Visualization of incomplete vaccination was produced using the ArcGIS software. Children’s mean age was 15.1 ± 3.2 months and the median number of vaccines received was four. Northern regions contributed largely to the IV. The likelihood of IV was lower among women aged 25–34 years (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54–0.82, p < 0.05) and 35–49 years (aOR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.46–0.77, p < 0.05) compared to younger women in the age group 15–24 years. An increasing level of education reduces the risk of odds of IV. Other predictors of IV were delivery at the health facility (aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 053–0.76, p < 0.05), and media exposure (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.54–0.79, p < 0.05). Mothers’ characteristics explained most of the variability in the IV, relatively to smaller overall contributions from the community and state-level factors (p < 0.05). The level of IV against childhood diseases was high in Nigeria. However, disparities exist across the regions and other socioeconomic segments of the population. More efforts are required to improve vaccination sensitization programs and campaigns in Nigeria.
Examining the challenges of blood pressure estimation via photoplethysmogram
Authors: Mehta Suril , Kwatra Nipun , Jain Mohit , McDuff Daniel
Published: August 2024

The use of observed wearable sensor data (e.g., photoplethysmograms [PPG]) to infer health measures (e.g., glucose level or blood pressure) is a very active area of research. Such technology can have a significant impact on health screening, chronic disease management and remote monitoring. A common approach is to collect sensor data and corresponding labels from a clinical grade device (e.g., blood pressure cuff) and train deep learning models to map one to the other. Although well intentioned, this approach often ignores a principled analysis of whether the input sensor data have enough information to predict the desired metric. We analyze the task of predicting blood pressure from PPG pulse wave analysis. Our review of the prior work reveals that many papers fall prey to data leakage and unrealistic constraints on the task and preprocessing steps. We propose a set of tools to help determine if the input signal in question (e.g., PPG) is indeed a good predictor of the desired label (e.g., blood pressure). Using our proposed tools, we found that blood pressure prediction using PPG has a high multi-valued mapping factor of 33.2% and low mutual information of 9.8%. In comparison, heart rate prediction using PPG, a well-established task, has a very low multi-valued mapping factor of 0.75% and high mutual information of 87.7%. We argue that these results provide a more realistic representation of the current progress toward the goal of wearable blood pressure measurement via PPG pulse wave analysis. For code, see our project page: https://github.com/lirus7/PPG-BP-Analysis
Comparison of psychopathology, purpose in life and moral courage between nursing home and hospital healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Echeverria Iván , Bonet Lucía , Benito Ana , López Javier , Almodóvar-Fernández Isabel , Peraire Marc , Haro Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic deeply affected healthcare workers, although the impact may have differed according to different workplace contexts. The aim of this current research was to compare the psychopathology presented by hospital versus nursing home healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyse the predictive role of purpose in life and moral courage in the appearance of psychopathology. This was an observational, cross-sectional study carried out on a sample of 108 healthcare workers, 54 each from a hospital or nursing homes, who were recruited during the 5 and 6th waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Various self-reported scales were used to assess anxiety, depression, acute/post-traumatic stress disorder, drug and alcohol abuse, burnout, purpose in life, and moral courage. Compared to the hospital healthcare workers, nursing home healthcare workers had higher scores and a higher prevalence of anxiety (74.1% vs. 42%), depression (40.7% vs. 14.8%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (55.6% vs. 25.9). In the overall sample, purpose in life was a protective factor against psychopathology (OR = 0.54) and burnout (OR = 0.48); moral courage was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.47) and acute stress (OR = 0.45); and exposure of family/friends to SARS-CoV-2 was a risk factor for acute stress (OR = 2.24), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 1.33), and higher burnout depersonalisation subscale scores (OR = 1.84). In conclusion, the increased presence of psychopathology in nursing home healthcare workers may be influenced by workplace and occupational contexts, personal factors such as exposure of family/friends to SARS-CoV-2, or internal dimensions such as purpose in life and moral courage. This knowledge could be useful for understanding how a future epidemic or pandemic might affect the mental health of healthcare workers in different labour contexts.
H-plane gap-RGW horn antenna with very low side lobe level
Authors: Mohammadpour Mohammad , Mohajeri Farzad , Parizi Seyed Ali Razavi
Published: August 2024

This paper presents and applies a new concept of gap-RGW to develop a new configuration for RGW H-plane horn antennas. The proposed antenna is fully metallic and can generate a very low side-lobe level along with a flat gain response over a reasonable bandwidth, which is one of the advantages of this antenna. A prototype of the presented structure is designed and fabricated which provides the impedance bandwidth (S11 < − 10 dB) of about 25% with SLL < − 20 dB and 2 dB gain variation over the operating bandwidth.
Both partners’ negative emotion drives aggression during couples’ conflict
Authors: McCurry Annah G. , May Robert C. , Donaldson David I.
Published: August 2024

Researchers examining conflict between intimate partners believe that the experience and expression of emotion drives aggressive behaviour. Intra-personally, increases in negative affect make aggression more likely. Inter-personally, theoretical models suggest that each individuals’ perception of their partners’ emotion also influences aggression, potentially creating a Violence Escalation Cycle. Here, using a lab-based aggression task across a primary study (n = 104, number of trials = 3095) and a replication (n = 58, number of trials = 3167), we show that both intra- and inter-personal experiences of negative emotion predict reactive aggression within couples, revealing retaliation but not escalation. Critically, analyses of facial affect reveal that prototypic displays of negative emotions have a compounding effect, leading to dramatic changes in aggression depending on whether one, both, or neither partner expressed negative emotion. We propose a mechanism by which temporal delays (i.e., experimentally imposed forced breaks) reduce aggression by decreasing negative emotional arousal and limiting impulsive action. Our results show that both forced breaks and elective breaks (i.e., extra participant-initiated extensions of the forced break time) reduce aggression, providing exciting evidence that interventions focused on preventing impulsive action when people are in a provoked state can reduce aggression within couples.
RNA helicase SKIV2L limits antiviral defense and autoinflammation elicited by the OAS-RNase L pathway
Authors: Yang Kun , Dong Beihua , Asthana Abhishek , Silverman Robert H , Yan Nan
Published: August 2024

The OAS-RNase L pathway is one of the oldest innate RNA sensing pathways that leads to interferon (IFN) signaling and cell death. OAS recognizes viral RNA and then activates RNase L, which subsequently cleaves both cellular and viral RNA, creating “processed RNA” as an endogenous ligand that further triggers RIG-I-like receptor signaling. However, the IFN response and antiviral activity of the OAS-RNase L pathway are weak compared to other RNA-sensing pathways. Here, we discover that the SKIV2L RNA exosome limits the antiviral capacity of the OAS-RNase L pathway. SKIV2L-deficient cells exhibit remarkably increased interferon responses to RNase L-processed RNA, resulting in heightened antiviral activity. The helicase activity of SKIV2L is indispensable for this function, acting downstream of RNase L. SKIV2L depletion increases the antiviral capacity of OAS-RNase L against RNA virus infection. Furthermore, SKIV2L loss exacerbates autoinflammation caused by human OAS1 gain-of-function mutations. Taken together, our results identify SKIV2L as a critical barrier to OAS-RNase L-mediated antiviral immunity that could be therapeutically targeted to enhance the activity of a basic antiviral pathway.
Measurement bias in spICP-TOFMS: insights from Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Buckman Raven L. , Gundlach-Graham Alexander
Published: August 2024

We use Monte Carlo methods to simulate spICP-TOFMS signals and explore the influence of particle and instrument parameters on recorded data.
Superoxide-responsive quinone methide precursors (QMP-SOs) to study superoxide biology by proximity labeling and chemoproteomics
Authors: Lai Hinyuk , Chung Clive Yik-Sham
Published: August 2024

QMP-SOs are molecular probes capable of proximity labeling of proteins in a superoxide-dependent manner. This enables fluorescence imaging of superoxide and profiling proteins associated with superoxide biology by chemoproteomics.
Auto tandem triple cascade organocatalysis: access to bis-lactone and butenolide derivatives
Authors: Wittmann Stéphane , Deschamps Elodie , Bournaud Chloée , Guillot Regis , Brière Jean-François , Vo-Thanh Giang , Toffano Martial
Published: August 2024

A triple cascade auto tandem process catalyzed by the same catalytic specie leads to bis-lastone and butenolides in a stereoselective manner.
Selective growth of vanadium dioxide on patterned Al/SiO2 substrates by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Bagochus E. K. , Mutilin S. V. , Kichay V. N. , Yakovkina L. V.
Published: August 2024

The area-selective growth of vanadium dioxide can provide a valuable self-aligned process promising for novel oxide electronics compatible with silicon technology.
Synthesis and performances of a ZnCo2O4@MnMoO4 composite for a hybrid supercapacitor
Authors: Liao Xuan , Yang Hang , Hou Xiaolong , Yi Caini , Yang Ying , Wang Guimao , Wang Shuo , Liu Yuping , Chen Changguo , Yu Danmei , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2024

The ZnCo2O4@MnMoO4 electrode material, synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method, addresses ZnCo2O4's poor conductivity and stability while providing high specific capacitance, environmental benefits, and a diverse, hierarchical morphology.
Assessing CMAQ model discrepancies in a heavily polluted air basin using UAV vertical profiles and sensitivity analyses
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Do Khanh , Ivey Cesunica E. , Collins Don R.
Published: August 2024

An unmanned aerial vehicle was deployed daily in Riverside, CA from August to November 2020, capturing vertical ozone and particulate matter measurements.
Effect of transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation on the allergenicity of tropomyosin in the Perna viridis food matrix
Authors: Li Dongxiao , He Xinrong , Li Fajie , Yang Yang , Liu Meng , Liu Qingmei , Luo Lianzhong , Chen Guixia , Liu Guangming
Published: August 2024

The transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation reaction reduced IgE-binding activity by modifying IgE linear epitopes of TM in food matrix. The processing product reduced IgE levels in the food matrix and TM by modulating the Th1/Th2 cell balance.
Photochemical eco-friendly synthesis of photothermal and emissive copper nanoclusters in water: towards sustainable nanomaterials
Authors: Ferlazzo Angelo , Bonforte Stefano , Florio Federica , Petralia Salvatore , Sorace Lorenzo , Muzzi Beatrice , Caneschi Andrea , Gulino Antonino
Published: August 2024

We performed a sustainable and environmentally benign synthesis of stable Cu nanoclusters in water by UV irradiation of a CuII complex.
Backscattering silicon spectrometer (BASIS): sixteen years in advanced materials characterization
Authors: Osti Naresh C. , Jalarvo Niina , Mamontov Eugene
Published: August 2024

A broad spectrum of materials that BASIS has explored to resolve the dynamics from pico- to nano-seconds using the quasielastic neutron scattering technique.
The dynamic nature of electrostatic disorder in organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors
Authors: Burke Colm , Landi Alessandro , Troisi Alessandro
Published: August 2024

The disorder in organic mixed electronic and ionic conductors (OMIECs) is highly dynamic, and, consequently, charge transport is not adversely affected by it. The dynamics of the soft materials drives the charge carriers.
Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of Eclipta prostrata and Piper longum: characterization and assessment of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Tran Xuan Thanh , Bien Thanh Thi Lan , Tran Thuan Van , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thanh
Published: August 2024

Here, E. prostrata leaf and P. longum fruit extract-mediated biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles played a multifunctional role as an antioxidant, antibacterial agent and photocatalyst.
Amino-functionalization enhanced CO2 reduction reaction in pure water
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Niu Wenzhe , Xue Liangyao , Sun Kai , Yang Xiao , Zhang Xinyue , Li Weihang , Huang Shuanglong , Shi Wenjuan , Zhang Bo
Published: August 2024

Amino groups can enhance the adsorption of CO2 and also be protonated to adsorb protons, this property makes amino-modification highly effective in improving the CO2RR performance of the catalyst in zero-gap CO2 electrolyzers utilizing pure water.
Carbon materials and their metal composites for biomedical applications: A short review
Authors: Kim Su-Bin , Kim Choong-Hee , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: August 2024

Carbon materials and their hybrid metal composites have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility.
Enhanced antibacterial efficacy: rapid analysis of silver-decorated azithromycin-infused Soluplus® nanoparticles against E. coli and S. epidermidis biofilms
Authors: Jaligam Murali Mohan , Takahashi Chisato , Heidt Benjamin , Shen Amy Q.
Published: August 2024

The threat of antibiotic-resistent biofilms demands solutions. Silver-coated azithromycin-Soluplus nanoparticles release silver ions for 6+ hours, disrupt biofilms, and enable rapid, sensitive bacterial detection with laser-induced graphene sensors.
Selectively lighting up glyoxal in living cells using an o-phenylenediamine fused hemicyanine
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Liu Chang , Yao Huirong , He Song , Zhao Liancheng , Zeng Xianshun
Published: August 2024

A reaction-based red emission fluorescent probe GL1 has been synthesized by grafting an alkyl group onto an amino group to regulate its selectivity for glyoxal.
Lactide oligomers modified with linear polyethyleneimine for antibacterial coatings
Authors: Iuliano Anna , Kukuć Maksymilian , Pachla Julita , Jańczewski Dominik , Mierzejewska Jolanta , Drężek Karolina
Published: August 2024

Antibacterial polylactide film composed of commercial PLA and block copolymer of lactide and linear polyethyleneimine (L-PEI) has been prepared. To observe complete inhibition of bacterial growth only 1.1 wt% of linear L-PEI is required.
Unveiling the unique mechanism of UV-sensitive phosphonate-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Tan Wenzhuo , Xu Li , Liu Ziwei , Su Jihu , Zheng Tao
Published: August 2024

Tailoring the host–guest interactions of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks to control UV detection is successful for uranyl phosphonates. Their excellent sensitivity and reliability are analysed, and their mechanism is finely studied.
The hidden features of fullerene rotation in the crystal lattice
Authors: Hao Yajuan , Wang Yaofeng , Feiler Christian G. , Weiss Manfred S. , Popov Alexey A. , Liu Fupin
Published: August 2024

Variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction elaborated the phase transition in Sc3N@C70 crystals and allowed to distinguish hidden static disorder from dynamic disorder caused by thermal motion.
Atomically dispersed Pd on ZrO2 for efficient nitrite electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Du Wenyu , Sun Zeyi , Qiang Chaofan , Chen Kai , Chu Ke
Published: August 2024

Pd1/ZrO2 is demonstrated as an efficient and robust NO2RR catalyst, attributed to the construction of Zr–Pd1–O motifs that can effectively activate NO2−, optimize the intermediate adsorption energies and suppress the competing H2 evolution.
A novel magnetic nanoparticle as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Jin Hui , Cui Mengyu , Liu Peiwen , Wang Zhuo , Jin Tongxia , Yang Yonghui , Zhu Weiping , Qian Xuhong
Published: August 2024

A novel magnetically recyclable heterogeneous palladium catalyst Fe3O4@FSM@Pd was constructed and characterized, which is highly efficient and reusable for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.
Built-in electrophilic/nucleophilic domain of nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-confined Ni2P/Ni3N nanoparticles for efficient urea-containing water-splitting reactions
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Yin Chun , Wang Shuli , Zhang Baogang , Feng Ligang
Published: August 2024

A built-in electrophilic/nucleophilic domain promoted the favorable adsorption of urea molecules on the surface/interface of heterogeneous Ni2P/Ni3N, reducing the energy barrier of the rate-determining step, and boosting urea electrolysis.
Reversible switching from fluorescence to room temperature phosphorescence amplified by exciton-vibration coupling through pressure-induced tiny packing changes
Authors: Cao Yangyang , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhao Xinyuqi , Yang Yong , Liu Haoran , Wang Pingyang , Yu Miao , Li Hao , Fu Hongbing
Published: August 2024

The regulation of fluorescence and RTP properties through manipulating exciton–vibration coupling through pressure-induced tiny packing changes was realized.
Straightforward computational determination of energy-transfer kinetics through the application of the Marcus theory
Authors: Solé-Daura Albert , Maseras Feliu
Published: August 2024

Energy transfer barriers through affordable calculations. Density functional theory is shown to be a reliable tool to compute barriers between relatively large systems through the application of the classical formulation of the Marcus theory.
The missing pieces in the catalytic cycle of [FeFe] hydrogenases
Authors: Lachmann Manon T. , Duan Zehui , Rodríguez-Maciá Patricia , Birrell James A.
Published: August 2024

Over the years, spectroscopic, electrochemical and structural studies of [FeFe] hydrogenases have provided ‘pieces’ of information to complete the ‘puzzle’ of their catalytic cycle. However, there are still missing pieces that we need to fill in.
A fast and highly selective ECL creatinine sensor for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Afshary Hosein , Amiri Mandana
Published: August 2024

A new ECL sensor to monitor creatinine as a biomarker for diagnosis of chronic kidney diseases.
Statistical Learning Among Preschoolers With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: Examining Effects of Language Status, Age, and Prior Learning
Authors: Kapa Leah L. , Mettler Heidi M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Our goal was to compare statistical learning abilities between preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD) and peers with typical development (TD) by assessing their learning of two artificial grammars.

Method:

Four- and 5-year-olds with and without DLD were compared on their statistical learning ability using two artificial grammars. After learning an
aX
grammar, participants learned a relatively more complex
abX
grammar with a nonadjacent relationship between
a
and
X
. Participants were tested on their generalization of the grammatical pattern to new sequences with novel
X
elements that conformed to (
aX, abX
) or violated (
Xa, baX
) the grammars.

Results:

Results revealed an interaction between age and language group. Four-year-olds with and without DLD performed equivalently on the
aX
and
abX
grammar tests, and neither of the 4-year-old groups' accuracy scores exceeded chance. In contrast, among 5-year-olds, TD participants scored significantly higher on
aX
tests compared to participants with DLD, but the groups'
abX
scores did not differ. Five-year-old participants with DLD did not exceed chance on any test, whereas 5-year-old TD participants' scores exceeded chance on all grammar learning outcomes. Regression analyses indicated that
aX
performance positively predicted learning outcomes on the subsequent
abX
grammar for TD participants.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that preschool-age participants with DLD show deficits relative to typical peers in statistical learning, but group differences vary with participant age and type of grammatical structure being tested.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26487376
An Improved Jaccard Coefficient‐Based Clustering Approach with Application to Diagnosis and RUL Estimation
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Tang Hao , Wang Hai , Miao Gangzhong , Cheng Mingang
Published: August 2024

Sample clustering techniques play a crucial role in the data‐driven state evaluation of electromechanical equipment, and selecting an appropriate similarity measurement method for sample sets helps improve the clustering performance. The Jaccard coefficient is a commonly employed indicator of similarity for scalar set‐type samples. In this paper, we propose an incremental clustering algorithm for matrix‐type samples by defining an improved Jaccard coefficient. First, a new binary relation is formulated to derive a relationship matrix between samples. Second, an undirected graph is given by using the relationship matrix, and an improved pruning operation is provided to simplify the graph by eliminating redundant edges. Then, a new relationship matrix is generated according to the modified graph, which enables the calculation of the improved Jaccard coefficient. By using the improved Jaccard coefficient, the improved incremental clustering algorithm updates cluster centers by selecting a particular sample to maximize the sum of similarities between the selected sample and other samples within the same cluster. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed incremental clustering algorithm is demonstrated in fault diagnosis and remaining useful life estimation application scenarios, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the improved algorithm outperforms traditional clustering methods.
Application of symmetric uncertainty and emperor penguin–grey wolf optimisation for feature selection in motor fault classification
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Le Truong‐An , Chien Wei‐Lun , Hsu Shih‐Che
Published: August 2024

The authors present a model for diagnosing motor faults based on machine learning, demonstrating advantages over other algorithms in terms of both improved fitness values and reduced running time. The structure of the model involves three primary phases: feature extraction, feature selection and classification. During the feature extraction phase, crucial features are identified using empirical mode decomposition, fast Fourier transform and multiresolution analysis, resulting in a total of 144 features. The feature selection stage employs a new strategy that combines symmetrical uncertainty in the filter approach with the binary grey wolf optimiser and emperor penguin optimiser in the wrapper approach. Finally, a support vector machine is used for classification to generate fitness values. To validate the model's effectiveness and accuracy, motor fault current signal datasets, case Western Reserve University (CWRU) benchmark datasets and mechanical failure prevention technology benchmark datasets are utilised. In the motor fault current signal dataset, the highest average accuracy achieved is 99.95%, with a minimum average running time of 88.02 s obtained under ∞dB conditions. Regarding benchmark datasets and mechanical failures at CWRU, using the prevention technology benchmark dataset resulted in classification accuracies of 99.54% and 99.52%, respectively. Comparative analysis with traditional algorithms reveals that symmetric uncertainty and emperor penguin–grey wolf optimisation model outperforms traditional models in terms of performance.
Peer‐to‐peer electricity trading via a bi‐level optimization approach for renewable energy‐driven microgrids connected to the distribution grid
Authors: Helmi Hamid , Abedinzadeh Taher , Beiza Jamal , Shahmohammadi Sima , Daghigh Ali
Published: August 2024

This study employs a sophisticated bi‐level optimization methodology to model the most efficient operation of microgrids (MGs) within the operational framework of distribution companies (DCs). In this bi‐level optimization problem, the upper level strives to maximize the profits of both MGs owners and DCs, while the lower level is dedicated to ensuring load balance, managing distributed generation, and implementing load curtailment strategies. The coordination of power transmission is facilitated by the DCs. At the upper level of decision‐making, the optimal pricing strategies for power transactions are determined, accounting for various factors such as market prices, demand response programs, and uncertainties in wind speed. Through the utilization of a bi‐level optimization framework, this study comprehensively captures the complex interactions between MGs and DCs, taking into consideration the objectives and constraints of both entities. This approach offers a more precise representation of the decision‐making process in retail electricity markets, thereby providing valuable insights into the optimal operation of MGs within the DCs setting.
Dynamic load shedding and system restoration using wide area distribution management system
Authors: Jose Shirley Jennie Angela , Manivelan Harini , Khare Prashant , Reddy Maddikara Jaya Bharata
Published: August 2024

The demand for electric power has consistently been on the rise, owing to urbanisation and technological improvements. On the generation side, renewable sources have been favoured over their polluting, exhaustible, non‐renewable counterparts. These changes in the power system have necessitated a system for maintaining the supply‐demand balance, to maintain system stability. A complex power system is also more prone to blackouts and grid failure. Islanding helps in provision of supply to consumers in a microgrid, reducing the possibility of a blackout. Depending on the power demand and generation, loads need to be shed or restored to mitigate power imbalances. A wide area distribution management system (WADMS) is proposed to dynamically shed and restore loads in the islanded mode, with the aid of micro phasor measurement units (µPMUs). A priority and consumer‐based load shedding and restoration (PCLS) algorithm is proposed in the WADMS that preferentially sheds or restores loads based on their assigned load priority indices and number of consumers. The algorithm has been tested on a modified IEEE 13 bus system, incorporated with a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, diesel generators (DGs) and an energy storage system (ESS) in MATLAB Simulink.
Driving a safer future: Exploring cross‐country perspectives in automated vehicle adoption by considering cyber risks, liability, and data concerns
Authors: Khan Shah Khalid , Shiwakoti Nirajan , Stasinopoulos Peter , Warren Matthew
Published: August 2024

There is a significant lack of comprehensive research that systematically examines public perceptions of liability (related to cyber risks), consumer data, and how these factors influence the adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). To fill this knowledge gap, the authors' research used a survey of 2062 adults across Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the US to develop a scale for Liability, Data concerns, Data sharing and Patching and updates. This analytical approach employed various statistical methods to analyze the data (summarizing, finding patterns, measuring relationships). The results indicate that 70% of respondents express concerns about AV liability based on cyber risks, highlighting a significant level of liability anxiety. Individuals with high liability concerns also exhibit heightened concerns about AV data, are less comfortable sharing AV data, and display lower intent to adopt AVs. Conversely, individuals comfortable with data sharing are more willing to engage in patching and express a greater intent to adopt AVs. Interestingly, individuals with AV data concerns do not exhibit a negative correlation with their intent to adopt AVs. Additionally, those willing for patches also show a stronger intent to adopt AVs, challenging the notion that software updates hinder AV adoption.
Orthogonal double V‐linear frequency modulation waveform for simultaneous polarimetric measurement and its non‐linear processing
Authors: Shen Biao , Zhang Runzhe , Yang Ziyuan , Liu Tao
Published: August 2024

It has become an interesting topic for modern radar possessing capabilities of polarimetric measurement, high‐resolution imaging, and good delay‐Doppler resolution. The linear frequency modulation (LFM) scheme is widely used in radar systems as it can achieve both high Doppler tolerance and resolution. Based on the LFM scheme, a novel waveform is proposed, namely, the orthogonal double V‐linear frequency modulation (ODV‐LFM), which exhibits the capability to mitigate the influence of delay‐Doppler coupling and reduces the risk of false targets and ghosts in multiple‐target scenes. Based on the ODV‐LFM signal, a simultaneous polarimetric measurement method is proposed to obtain fully polarimetric information of the target. According to the unique chirp rate characteristic of the ODV‐LFM signal, the pointwise linear and non‐linear processing methods are proposed to enhance delay‐Doppler resolution, suppress sidelobes, and achieve high‐resolution imaging without substantially compromising the signal detection performance. Finally, simulated experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed waveform and methods.