bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tutela do meio ambiente sob a ótica do Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais
Authors: Castro Diego Fillipe Otoni de Barros , Novais Jonathan Willian Zangeski , Campos Frederico Corrêa , Morato Bruno Campos , Brito Naara Soares dos Santos
Published: April 2020

A evolução social cumulada às complexas e crescentes necessidades da raça humana acabam por elevar de forma cada vez mais significativa a exploração ao meio ambiente onde está inserida. Surge então o Direito Ambiental, composto por princípios e regras, como instrumento regulador da atuação humana sobre o meio ambiente. O trabalho analisa a atuação do TJMG – Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais – no âmbito do Direito Ambiental, como foco na aplicação do panorama princípio lógico em seus julgamentos, para verificar os valores mais presentes na jurisprudência do Tribunal Mineiro. A pesquisa utilizou o sistema de busca jurisprudencial disponível no site virtual do TJMG, que permite ampla filtragem e estabelecimento de critérios de busca. Cada princípio reconhecido pela doutrina foi pesquisado de maneira isolada para verificação quantitativa de sua menção pelo TJMG nos últimos cinco anos (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 e 2018). No total os princípios foram citados em 3014 vezes, sendo o ‘meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado’ o mais mencionado (1290 citações), seguido pelos princípios da ‘prevenção’ (533 citações), da ‘precaução’ (353 citações), do ‘desenvolvimento sustentável’ (302 citações) e do ‘poluidor-pagador’ (287 citações). Lado outro, alguns princípios não foram mencionados pelo Tribunal, como o do ‘protetor-recebedor’ e o da ‘consideração da variável ambiental no processo decisório de políticas de desenvolvimento’. De 2014 a 2018 houve aumento de 14,07% na citação a princípios ambientais pelo TJMG (540 em 2014; 616 em 2018), sendo 2017 o ano de maior presença princípio lógica nos julgamentos (656 citações), seguido por 2016 (643 citações), e 2018 (616 citações).
Le Bulletin de l’Enseignement de l’A.O.F. : contraintes et potentialités créatives du paternalisme pédagogique colonial
Authors: Lüsebrink Hans-Jürgen
Published: April 2020

Partant d’une analyse historique des formes de prises de parole des auteurs africains, prenant pour pivot leurs contributions à la presse publiée en Afrique occidentale française (A.O.F.) sous la colonisation, cet article cible par la suite plus particulièrement les modalités de leur participation au Bulletin de l’Enseignement de l’A.O.F. (1913-1959). Ce périodique accueillait essentiellement des textes ethnographiques, mais aussi des études historiques et des récits littéraires, le plus souvent liés aux littératures orales africaines. De tels textes témoignent des dynamiques discursives présentes dans un contexte colonial fortement imprégné de paternalisme, qui rend néanmoins possibles des formes de distanciation, de critique, voire de contre-discours. Ces dernières sont perceptibles dans les publications du Bulletin, mais aussi dans celles d’autres organes de presse publiés ensuite, comme Dakar-Jeunes où parut en 1942 un débat autour de l’évolution culturelle de l’A.O.F.
Presse et théâtre au Bénin : dynamiques relationnelles et répercussions scripturales
Authors: Nouwligbeto Fernand
Published: April 2020

Malgré l’existence de quelques travaux portant sur les relations entre la presse et le théâtre au Bénin, il manque des études pointues sur l’imbrication de ces deux champs. Ce constat fonde les questions suivantes : quelles sont les positions des dramaturges béninois à l’égard du champ médiatique et comment abordent-ils les questions sociales dans leurs oeuvres ? Nous pensons que la conscience d’une dépendance réciproque contraint journalistes et artistes à négocier les termes d’une coopération, acceptée dans les faits, mais souvent contestée ou tournée en dérision dans la littérature dramatique. L’objectif de cette étude, fondée sur l’approche bourdieusienne des champs littéraires, est double : d’une part, décrire les rapports entretenus par les artistes béninois avec les médias depuis les années 1990, d’autre part, montrer les répercussions de ces relations sur quelques pièces de théâtre.
Les écrits journalistiques de Boubacar Boris Diop : un métadiscours sur la littérature africaine
Authors: Seye Serigne
Published: April 2020

Analysant une centaine d’articles de Boubacar Boris Diop parus entre 1979 et 1996 dans la presse sénégalaise et représentant une partie de son activité de journaliste, cet essai montre comment l’écrivain sénégalais en a fait un lieu de réflexion critique et théorique sur le fait littéraire africain. L’auteur et traducteur y produit un métadiscours qui non seulement double le discours littéraire d’une glose savante, mais dont la littérarité elle-même doit être reconnue. D’une part, il y donne sa perception de l’engagement littéraire et jette sur la littérature africaine un regard pessimiste et sans complaisance. D’autre part, ces textes critiques à la fonction d’abord informative accèdent au rang de créations artistiques riches en positionnements et procédés esthétiques. Cela en fait des oeuvres synthétiques et hybrides que l’on peut qualifier d’inter-génériques.
Gestion des risques : fondements théoriques et analyse critique
Authors: Amansou Saida
Published: April 2020

La gestion des risques s’inscrit dans un cadre transdisciplinaire. Elle est née
dans les sciences exactes puis s’est nourrie de multiples sciences avant de prendre place
dans les sciences de gestion. Selon la littérature pertinente, la gestion des risques s’est
révélée insuffisante sur le plan fonctionnel. Elle a fait l’objet d’un ensemble de critiques
qui ont permis l’émergence de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine. Le présent travail a
pour objectif de répondre à la problématique suivante : Comment la gestion des risques
a-t-elle évolué tout au long des fondements théoriques transdisciplinaires ? Pour répondre à
cette problématique, il faut franchir trois grandes étapes. La première consiste à
identifier les disciplines qui ont nourri et mûri le concept de gestion des risques. La
deuxième étape consiste à situer la gestion des risques parmi les sciences de gestion. La
troisième étape a pour objectif de porter une analyse critique de la gestion des risques et
de présenter quelques perspectives et ouvertures de recherche.
La pluralité des ordres juridiques
Authors: Rocher Guy
Published: April 2020

La pluralité des ordres juridiques est un thème important en sociologie et en anthropologie du droit. Ce thème est, cependant, longtemps demeuré dans l’ordre du discours théorique et n’a, par ailleurs, pas donné lieu à beaucoup de recherches empiriques. Les juristes qui font de la sociologie du droit ont évidemment tendance à privilégier l’ordre juridique étatique, qui leur est particulièrement familier et qu’ils considèrent généralement comme le seul ayant un caractère « vraiment » juridique. Les sociologues du droit — et bon nombre d’anthropologues — ont, quant à eux, tendance à demeurer à l’intérieur de la notion du droit des juristes, surtout dans leurs études empiriques. Il s’agit là d’une faiblesse de la sociologie du droit, qui doit être corrigée, d’où l’intérêt et la pertinence d’une analyse consacrée à la pluralité des ordres juridiques. Nous débuterons en retraçant la tradition du pluralisme juridique en sociologie du droit. Nous discuterons ensuite du phénomène des ordres juridiques non étatiques, ces derniers faisant particulièrement problème pour les juristes. Cette démarche nous conduira enfin à reconnaître que l’ordre juridique étatique, considéré en lui-même, est également tributaire du pluralisme juridique. En filigrane, c’est la question des rapports pouvant exister entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et non étatiques qui se trouve posée.
Dynamisme des cultures juridiques en contexte de pluralisme juridique en Afrique : le cas du Burkina Faso
Authors: Paré Marie-Eve
Published: April 2020

Les cultures juridiques forment des systèmes d’ordonnance qui contribuent au fonctionnement des organisations sociales. Par analogie avec le concept général de culture, elles sont ontologiquement dynamiques, s’adaptant au gré des interactions avec les personnes, les groupes et les autres institutions dans lesquelles elles sont imbriquées. Le dynamisme des cultures juridiques est d’autant plus visible en situation de pluralisme juridique, puisque les différentes cultures se surexposent, s’interpénètrent et s’opposent sur la base de rapports inégalitaires et de zones d’action distinctes. On voit apparaître des processus d’emprunt, de métissage et de résistance entre les cultures juridiques, lesquelles se hiérarchisent et se transforment mutuellement. En Afrique contemporaine, et dans le cas précis du Burkina Faso, l’héritage colonial et les processus transnationaux contribuent à la complexification des phénomènes de pluralisme juridique. Il en résulte un univers juridique pluriel et hétérogène, où les cultures juridiques vont ainsi rivaliser au quotidien pour leur légitimité et leur autorité dans leur espace respectif. À partir de cas, nous avons observé qu’il existe, en raison de la pluralité des cultures juridiques, une variété de consciences juridiques et de pratiques de mobilisation au sein de la population. Cela favorisera le recours au forum shopping pour la résolution des conflits familiaux. Ce phénomène de navigation entre les modes de résolution de conflits illustre le caractère inventif des agents sociaux et participe à la création du juridique et à sa transformation à travers leurs actions quotidiennes.
Pluralisme juridique, pluralité de droits et pratiques juridiques : théories, critiques et reformulation praxéologique
Authors: Dupret Baudouin
Published: April 2020

Le pluralisme juridique est devenu l’un des thèmes majeurs des études sociojuridiques. Pourtant, derrière cette appellation très large, on peut déceler de nombreuses tendances qui n’ont en partage que l’affirmation sommaire que le concept de droit recouvre bien plus de choses que le seul droit étatique. En dépit de leur caractère éclectique, ces différentes conceptions du pluralisme juridique ont en commun quelques présupposés fondamentaux quant à la nature du droit, sa fonction et sa relation avec son milieu culturel. Le présent article porte de manière critique sur ces prémisses et suggère une reformulation de la question du droit, de la pluralité de ses sources et des nombreuses pratiques qui se déploient en référence à lui. L’esprit de cette reformulation peut être qualifié de réaliste et praxéologique. Dans une première section, nous décrivons brièvement les tendances majeures qui se dessinent dans la nébuleuse du pluralisme juridique, de son arrière-plan historique jusqu’aux théories du début des années 2000. Dans une deuxième section, nous formulons certaines des critiques majeures pouvant être adressées aux postulats qui sous-tendent les nombreuses versions du pluralisme juridique. Ces critiques tournent autour de trois questions principales : le problème de définition, les prémisses fonctionnalistes et la conception culturaliste. Dans une troisième section, nous soutenons que le réalisme est un remède possible à ces défauts. Ceux-ci sont toutefois mieux traités par l’adoption de ce qu’on appelle une reformulation praxéologique, une proposition illustrée par l’étude de cas égyptiens. En conclusion, nous faisons quelques remarques sur la praxéologie en tant que moyen de combler les zones d’ombre des études sociojuridiques classiques.
LE NÉOLIBÉRALISME ET LA RÉGLEMENTATION DU TRAVAIL SOCIAL
Authors: Heron Barbara A.
Published: April 2020

L’engagement des théoriciens et des chercheurs en travail social, à travers leur pratique, dans une « désobéissance épistémique » face à « l’épistémicide » des savoirs des Autres est une question essentielle qui se pose dans le contexte néolibéral actuel. Toutefois, les possibilités d’opposer une telle résistance sont de plus en plus limitées par les exigences d’obtention de permis pour les professionnels du travail social. Le présent article examine les effets de la réglementation professionnelle du domaine du travail social au moyen de l’établissement de normes de compétence pour l’octroi de permis qui consistent à consolider les modes de connaissance occidentaux tout en transformant la profession, de concert avec le néolibéralisme, de manière à la soustraire à la désobéissance épistémique. Les normes de compétence élaborées par le Conseil canadien des organismes de réglementation en travail social serviront de point de départ d’une analyse des effets croisés du néolibéralisme sur la pratique du travail social et de la place essentielle que tient la réglementation de la profession dans cet écheveau d’effets. Les répercussions pour l’enseignement du travail social et l’impératif d’une résistance épistémique seront abordés en conclusion.
INITIATIVE DE CONCERTATION Locale afin de prévenir les homicides intrafamiliaux
Authors: Drouin Christine
Published: April 2020

L’évolution des connaissances au sujet des homicides intrafamiliaux a permis au cours dernières années de mieux cibler les situations à risque et ainsi optimiser leur prévention. Pour les divers acteurs oeuvrant auprès des personnes vivant dans une situation où un risque de létalité est présent, il apparaît que la collaboration entre les divers partenaires des milieux concernés est une condition importante pour assurer une meilleure prévention des homicides intrafamiliaux, C’est dans cette optique que les partenaires de la Montérégie-Ouest, une région du Québec, se sont dotés d’un nouveau mécanisme de collaboration : l’Entente P.H.A.R.E. (Prévention des Homicides intrafamiliaux par des Actions Rapides et Engagées). Cet article fait état du fonctionnement de cette entente de collaboration et dresse un bilan de celle-ci à partir du discours d’intervenants-clés au coeur de cette initiative. Les résultats montrent une appréciation positive du fonctionnement, de l’utilisation et des répercussions sur les pratiques de l’Entente P.H.A.R.E, ainsi que sur le partenariat dans cette région du Québec. Faire appel aux partenaires de l’Entente s’avère une aide précieuse lors de la gestion des situations à haut risque d’homicide et lors des situations de danger imminent.
TRAJECTOIRES DE SERVICES DES JEUNES SOUS LA DOUBLE AUTORITÉ DE LA PROTECTION DE LA JEUNESSE ET DE LA JUSTICE JUVÉNILE : DIFFÉRENCES ET SPÉCIFICITÉS
Authors: Payet Marie-Laure , Daignault Isabelle V. , Lafortune Denis
Published: April 2020

Au Québec, les jeunes faisant l’objet d’un double mandat sont ceux suivis en vertu de la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour adolescents (LSJPA) et ayant vécu à un moment de leur vie une prise en charge en vertu de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ). Parmi l’ensemble de la clientèle desservie par les Centres Jeunesse (CJ), ces jeunes sont considérés comme les plus vulnérables et sont à risque de récidive. À l’aide d’analyses descriptives et comparatives, cet article brosse un portrait des trajectoires de services, de l’enfance à l’adolescence, de 15 851 jeunes faisant l’objet d’un double mandat. Il détaille la chronologie de leur prise en charge et met en lumière l’enjeu de l’intervention concomittante. Les résultats ont révélé quatre parcours principaux qui se différencient quant à l’historique de victimisation et de délinquance de ces jeunes. Le parcours nomméEntrée LPJ et chevauchementde la LSJPAse distingue comme étant le plus emprunté, et celui marqué par le plus haut taux d’infraction et de récidive. Le parcours nomméEntrée LPJ et inclusion LSJPAse distingue par des taux de victimisation particulièrement élevés et une plus grande instabilité dans les placements; et des taux de judiciarisation moins élevés. Les implications pour l’intervention offerte en CJ, notamment sous l’angle de la coordination des systèmes de protection et de justice juvénile, sont discutées.
Convergent evolution of small molecule pheromones in Pristionchus nematodes
Authors: Dong Chuanfu , Weadick Cameron J , Truffault Vincent , Sommer Ralf J
Published: April 2020

The small molecules that mediate chemical communication between nematodes—so-called ‘nematode-derived-modular-metabolites’ (NDMMs)—are of major interest because of their ability to regulate development, behavior, and life-history. Pristionchus pacificus nematodes produce an impressive diversity of structurally complex NDMMs, some of which act as primer pheromones that are capable of triggering irreversible developmental switches. Many of these NDMMs have only ever been found in P. pacificus but no attempts have been made to study their evolution by profiling closely related species. This study brings a comparative perspective to the biochemical study of NDMMs through the systematic MS/MS- and NMR-based analysis of exo-metabolomes from over 30 Pristionchus species. We identified 36 novel compounds and found evidence for the convergent evolution of complex NDMMs in separate branches of the Pristionchus phylogeny. Our results demonstrate that biochemical innovation is a recurrent process in Pristionchus nematodes, a pattern that is probably typical across the animal kingdom.
Uricase-deficient rat is generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technique
Authors: Yu Yun , Zhang Nan , Dong Xianxiang , Fan Nan , Wang Lei , Xu Yuhui , Chen Huan , Duan Weigang
Published: April 2020

Urate oxidase (uricase, Uox) is a big obstacle for scientists to establish stable animal models for studying hyperuricemia and associated disorders. Due to the low survival rate of uricase-deficient mice, we generated a Uox-knockout model animal from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique by deleting exons 2 to 4 of the Uox gene. The uricase-deficient rats were named “Kunming-DY rats”, and were apparently healthy with more than a 95% survival up to one year. The male rats’ serum uric acid (SUA) increased to 48.3  ± 19.1 µg/ml, significantly higher than those of wild-type rats. Some indexes of the blood fat like total triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and renal function indexes including blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly different from those of wild-type rats, however, all the indexes were close to or in normal ranges. Histological renal changes including mild glomerular/tubular lesions were observed in these uricase-deficient rats. Thus, “Kunming-DY rats” with stable uricase-deficiency were successfully established and are an alternative model animal to study hyperuricemia and associated diseases mimicking human conditions.
Искусство флорентийской мозаики в постсоветской России, "Природа"
Authors: Прыгов Вадим Игнатьевич , Беляков Андрей Юрьевич
Published: April 2020

В постсоветской России искусство флорентийской мозаики существенно трансформировалось, развивалось оно преимущественно в станковых и малых формах. Такие перемены были связаны со сменой заказчика. Централизованный государственный заказ стал большой редкостью. Это повлекло переориентацию камнерезных мастерских на частного и корпоративного клиента - отдельных институций, частных коллекционеров, любителей и ценителей природного камня. Благодаря усилиям художников, профессионально сложившихся еще в СССР, в новой России были созданы основные региональные художественные центры флорентийской мозаики. Многие из выполненных мастерами разных школ мозаичных картин следует расценивать как подлинные произведения искусства, в которых природный камень со своим неповторимым оттенком и текстурой выступает в качестве самоценного изобразительного языка. Музейные собрания, и прежде всего значительная коллекция Б.Л. и Л.П.Ошкуковых (Санкт-Петербург) наглядно свидетельствуют, что отечественное искусство наборной каменной мозаики постсоветского времени прочно утвердилось в новых формах и достигло мастерства мирового уровня
Метод измерения ионизационного эффекта, индуцированного импульсом излучения высокой интенсивности, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Морозов Н.Н. , Гнатюк В.С.
Published: April 2020

Исследован метод измерения ионизационного эффекта, возникающего при воздействии импульса излучения высокой интенсивности на воздух нормальной плотности. Метод позволяет решать задачу регистрации импульса излучения в реальном масштабе времени с наносекундным разрешением в относительно широком динамическом диапазоне мощностей доз, 10-10 Р/с. При импульсной ионизации воздуха нормальной плотности его электропроводность определяет электронный компонент. Высокая вероятность сродства электронов к молекулам кислорода в воздухе при давлении, близком к нормальному, приводит к тому, что электропроводность практически повторяет форму импульса излучения с характерным временем порядка 10 с. Использование микроволнового зондирования электропроводности дает возможность с высокой степенью достоверности определить мгновенные значения мощности экспозиционной дозы как наиболее объективной характеристики интенсивности первичного фотонного излучения.
Новые данные о малой мухоловке Ficedula parva parva (Bechstein, 1794) (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) и ее современный статус в Крыму, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Бескаравайный М. М.
Published: April 2020

Европейская малая мухоловка Ficedula parva parva (Bechstein, 1794) ранее была известна для Крымского полуострова только как пролетный вид, имеющиеся в литературе сведения о гнездовании которого не подтверждены. В результате исследований, проведенных в 1976-2019 гг. в горной части Крыма и на Керченском полуострове, получены новые данные о характере и сроках пребывания этого вида, на основании чего уточняется его статус в регионе. Наиболее многочисленна малая мухоловка во время осеннего пролета, который продолжается со второй половины августа до ноября (очень редко - с конца июля и первой половины августа до начала декабря). Большинство первых регистраций приходится на третью декаду августа и первую декаду сентября, пик миграционной активности - на третью декаду сентября; продолжительность составляет 2-3 месяца, в отдельные годы достигает 100 дней. Первое и единственное на Крымском полуострове зимнее наблюдение сделано на востоке Южного берега в конце декабря 2014 г. - первых числах января 2015 г.: это самый северный пункт зимней регистрации данного вида в пределах бывшего СССР. Весенний пролет продолжается с третьей декады апреля до третьей декады мая, максимум его активности приходится на первую и вторую декады мая, максимальная продолжительность - 22 дня. Очень редкие наблюдения в поздневесеннее и летнее время в подходящих для гнездования биотопах свидетельствуют о возможности гнездования единичных пар.
Trace Metals Contamination in Bread Ingredients and Bread from Bakeries in Nigeria
Authors: Akpambang V. O. E. , Onifade A. P.
Published: April 2020

Bread loaves and bread ingredients (wheat flours, salt, sugar, yeast and water) were randomly sampled from ten bakeries within Akure metropolis of south western Nigeria and analysed to determine their safety levels for human consumption with respect to trace metal contents. The trace metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb) were analysed in the samples using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results obtained revealed that toxic trace metals such as Cr, Cd and Pb were not detected in any of the samples. However, the levels of essential trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Mn had range of values in mg/kg: (0.039 – 0.091), (0.837 – 3.310) and (0.035 – 3.148); (0.056 – 0.091), (0.034 – 2.755) and (0.054 – 1.054) in the wheat flours and bread samples analysed respectively. This study revealed that the bread ingredients and loaves of bread sampled contained essential trace metals at levels that could not threaten the health of consumers over prolonged regular consumption.
Response of BARI Bush Bean-2 at Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Roy Basudeb , Paul Alok Kumar , Shamsuddoha A. T. M.
Published: April 2020

A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research Farm during the Rabi season of 2008 to investigate the response of BARI Bush Bean-2 at different levels of nitrogen fertilization in respect of various yield components. The soil of the experimental area belongs to the ModhupurTract (AEZ No. 28) which had shallow red brown terrace soil. The selected plot was medium highland and the soil series was Tejgaon. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with three replications. The experiment comprises 4 levels of nitrogen in the form urea (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 N). The results obtained revealed that different levels of nitrogen showed significant variations on the different parameters studied. Among the different treatments of the study the treatment N80 (80 kg N) gave the highest pod length (11.15 cm), pod diameter (2.93 cm), average single pod weight (5.42 g), total pod weight plant-1 (25.63 g), pod yield plot-1 (1789.58 g) and pod yield hectare-1 (4.37 ton). Thus the findings of the experiment revealed that the use of 80 kg N maximally influence the yield and yield contributing characters of BARI Bush Bean-2 in the selected red brown terrace soil of the Tejgaon series.
Value of Strain Elastography Ultrasound in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Masses with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Moonmoon Mahbuba Azim , Bony M. N. Rubaia Islam , Islam Md. Ubaidul , Devnath Parbati , Safrin Nahid
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is currently one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Early detection and accurate classification of suspicious masses as benign or malignant is important for arriving at an appropriate treatment plan. Elastography has shown potential in differentiating benign from malignant breast tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of Strain Elastography ultrasound in differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses taken histopathology as Gold Standard.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM, Dhaka, from July 2017 to June 2019. A total of 92 female patients with breast masses were enrolled in this study. Strain Elastography Ultrasound and histopathology were done in all these patients. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).

Results: The validity test of B-mode ultrasonography for differentiation of benign and malignant breast mass has sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 71.2%, accuracy 81.5% and positive predictive value 71.7% and negative predictive value 94.9%. Strain Score has sensitivity 85.0%, specificity 92.3%, accuracy 89.1%, positive predictive value 89.5% and negative predictive value 88.9%. Strain ratio has sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 94.2%, accuracy 91.3%, positive predictive value 92.1% and negative predictive value 90.7%. The validity test of Combined (B-mode sonography and Elastography) has sensitivity 97.5%, specificity 96.2%, accuracy 96.7%, positive predictive value 95.1% and negative predictive value 98.0%. The areas under the curve (AUCs) from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.948 for ACR-BIRADS classification, 0.986 for Strain Score, 0.956 for Strain Ratio and 0.990 for combination.

Conclusion: The combination of strain elastography with B-mode ultrasonography has the potential to improve the differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses.
Effect of Different Rate of Bat Guano on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in Niamey, Niger
Authors: Karimou Ambouta Harouna , Yadji Guero , Fanna Abdou Gado , Idrissa Abarchi
Published: April 2020

Aims: A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey - Niger, from November to March 2018 to determine the effects of different rate of bat guano fertilizers on growth and yield parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

Study Design: The four treatments included no manure T0 as control, T1-500 kg/ha, T2-1000 kg/ha T3-1500 kg/ha of bat guano fertilizers was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications.

Methodology: The variables measured were plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and fruit yield obtained. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The means were separated using LSD at five percent level of significance.

Results: The results showed that all levels of bat guano improve the growth and yield parameters of tomato compared to the control. Growth and yield parameters of tomato plants treated with 1500 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha of bat guano were higher than the other treatments. The T3 (1500 kg/ha) and T1 (500 kg/ha) of bat guano are statistically homogenous and showed highest plant yield with 40.45 and 38.75 t/ha of tomato fruits respectively.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the experiments it could be deduced that bat guano seems to promote higher growth yield of tomato. Thus, it should be recommended 500 kg/ha of bat guano for growers of tomato crop in the study area.
Notícia de uma Pesquisa em África
Authors: De Castro Yêda Pessoa
Published: April 2020

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A questão da fronteira Sino-Indiana
Authors: Reyner Anthony S.
Published: April 2020

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Nacionalismo, não-alinhamento e ordem mundial
Authors: Romulo Carlos P.
Published: April 2020

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Notas sobre a pesca do xaréu: folclore e compromisso religioso
Authors: Braga Júlio Santana
Published: April 2020

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La communication au colloque de Dakar
Authors: Bastide Roger
Published: April 2020

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Origines lointaines du syncrétisme afro-catholique au Brésil et perspectives d'avenir
Authors: Cossard-Binon Gisèle
Published: April 2020

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Em torno de um documento em que se dá notícia de uma investida política dos ex-escravos brasileiros no Daomé
Authors: Braga Júlio Santana
Published: April 2020

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As Confrarias de N. S. do Rosário como reação contra-aculturativa dos negros no Brasil
Authors: De Melo Veríssimo
Published: April 2020

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O colono preto como fator da civilização brasileira
Authors: Querino Manuel
Published: April 2020

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Homenagem ao Museu Afro-Brasileiro
Authors: Centro Afro-Orientais De Estudos
Published: April 2020

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Oxé de Xangô: um estudo de caso da cultura material afro-brasileira
Authors: Lody Raul
Published: April 2020

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Estado e religião no Irã
Authors: Reichert Rolf
Published: April 2020

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Repensando o turco no tambor de mina
Authors: Ferretti Mundicarmo
Published: April 2020

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O impacto francês na educação em África, 1817-1960
Authors: Gardinier David
Published: April 2020

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Resenha
Authors: Pereira Cláudio Luiz
Published: April 2020

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Carnaval: as cores da mudança
Authors: Risério Antonio
Published: April 2020

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Resenha
Authors: Do Patrocfnio Luz Narcimária Correia
Published: April 2020

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Uma tradição rebelde: notas sobre os quilombos na capitania do Rio de Janeiro (1625-1818)
Authors: Gomes Flávio Dos Santos
Published: April 2020

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A Frente Negra Brasileira na Bahia
Authors: Bacelar Jeferson
Published: April 2020

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Enquanto isso, do outro lado do mar...: os Arókin e a identidade iorubá
Authors: Farias Paulo Fernando De Moraes
Published: April 2020

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Resposta a Luiza Bairros
Authors: Hanchard Michael
Published: April 2020

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Soares, Carlos Eugênio L. Negregada instituição: os capoeiras no Rio de Janeiro. Coleção Biblioteca Carioca, vol. 31. Rio de Janeiro, Secretaria Municipal de Cultura, 1994. Lewis, J. Lowel. Ring of Liberation: Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira. Ch
Authors: Da Silva Paula Cristina
Published: April 2020

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Breve, lento, mas compensador: a construção do sujeito nordestino no discurso sócio-antropológico e biotipológico da década de trinta
Authors: Junior Durval Muniz De Albuquerque
Published: April 2020

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Nas pegadas dos voduns
Authors: Prandi Reginaldo
Published: April 2020

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Mário Gusmão (1920-1996) - O Santo Guerreiro contra o Dragão da Maldade
Authors: Bacelar Jeferson
Published: April 2020

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Azevedo, Thales de. As elites de cor numa cidade brasileira: um estudo de ascensão social & Classes sociais e grupos de prestígio, 2 ed., Salvador, EDUFBA, EGBA, 1996.186p
Authors: Rodrigues Andréa Da Rocha
Published: April 2020

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O papel das forças armadas na Africa contemporânea
Authors: Berghe Pierre L. Van Den
Published: April 2020

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Ideais de Nehru
Authors: Wooding Hugh
Published: April 2020

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Escravidão e revoltas de escravos em Angola (1830-1860)
Authors: Ferreira Roquinaldo
Published: April 2020

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Atlântico Negro - Na rota dos orixás. Brasília, 1997. Filme documentário 35mm.
Authors: Parés Luis Nicolau
Published: April 2020

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O negro como objeto de ciência
Authors: Carneiro Édison
Published: April 2020

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A Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos do Pelourinho
Authors: Ott Carlos
Published: April 2020

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A moderna literatura japonêsa - Folclore angolano - O escravo e o café - Arte africana
Authors: Sakai Kazuya
Published: April 2020

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EXPLORANDO O DOMÍNIO DE ELISÃO EM ELIPSES DE SINTAGMAS PREDICATIVOS NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Matos Francisco Iokleyton Araujo
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo, apontamos, tendo em vista o português brasileiro, evidências à ideia de que elipses de sintagmas predicativos (como em: você é um bom homem, mas Paulo não é [um bom homem]) correspondem a elipses no nível do DP/AP/PP, mas não no nível do VP, como previsto por Sato (2014), em face do fato de haver movimento da cópula na língua. Nossa argumentação se baseia nas seguintes considerações: (ii) no PB, a elipse de um sintagma predicativo é sensível a alguma noção de predicação que prescinde do verbo; (ii) esse tipo de elipse dispensa a necessidade de identidade verbal; e (iii) nesses casos, adjuntos a VP não podem ser recuperados no sítio de elisão. Por fim, partindo de Nunes e Zocca (2009), demonstramos que, com relação a certos tipos de sintagmas predicativos, a disponibilidade de mismatch de traços-phi só pode ser explicada se considerarmos uma elisão mais baixa que a elisão do VP.
Molecular dissection of ALS‐linked TDP‐43 – involvement of the Gly‐rich domain in interaction with G‐quadruplex mRNA
Authors: Ishiguro Akira , Kimura Nobuyuki , Noma Takashi , Shimo‐Kon Rieko , Ishihama Akira , Kon Takahide
Published: April 2020

TDP‐43 is the major pathogenic protein of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previously, we identified that TDP‐43 interacts with G‐quadruplex (G4)‐containing RNA and is involved in their long‐distance transport in neurons. For the molecular dissection of the TDP‐43 and G4‐RNA interaction, we analyzed it here in vitro and in cultured cells using a set of 10 mutant TDP‐43 proteins from familial and sporadic ALS patients as well as using the TDP‐43 C‐terminal Gly‐rich domain alone. Our results altogether indicate the involvement of the Gly‐rich region of TDP‐43 in the initial recognition and binding of G4‐RNA, which then induces tight binding of TDP‐43 with target RNAs, supposedly in conjunction with its RNA recognition motifs.
2D Porous Polymers with sp2‐Carbon Connections and Sole sp2‐Carbon Skeletons
Authors: Kang Jialing , Huang Senhe , Jiang Kaiyue , Lu Chenbao , Chen Zhenying , Zhu Jinhui , Yang Chongqing , Ciesielski Artur , Qiu Feng , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: April 2020

2D porous polymers with a planar architecture and high specific surface area have significant applications potential, such as for photocatalysis, electrochemical catalysis, gas storage and separation, and sensing. Such 2D porous polymers have generally been classified as 2D metal–organic frameworks, 2D covalent organic frameworks, graphitic carbon nitride, graphdiyne, and sandwich‐like porous polymer nanosheets. Among these, 2D porous polymers with sp2‐hybridized carbon () bonding are an emerging field of interest. Compared with 2D porous polymers linked by BO, CN, or CC bonds, ‐linked 2D porous polymers exhibit extended electron delocalization resulting in unique optical/electrical properties, as well as high chemical/photostability and tunable electrochemical performance. Furthermore, such 2D porous polymers are one of the best precursors for the fabrication of 2D porous carbon materials and carbon skeletons with atomically dispersed transition‐metal active sites. Herein, rational synthetic approaches for 2D porous polymers with bonding are summarized. Their current practical photoelectric applications, including for gas separation, luminescent sensing and imaging, electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors, and photocatalysis are also discussed.
Excellent Cycling Stability of Sodium Anode Enabled by a Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formed in Ether‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Le Phung M. L. , Vo Thanh D. , Pan Huilin , Jin Yan , He Yang , Cao Xia , Nguyen Hoang V. , Engelhard Mark H. , Wang Chongmin , Xiao Jie , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: April 2020

Sodium‐ion batteries have been considered one of the most promising power sources beyond Li‐ion batteries. Although the Na metal anode exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 1165 mAh g−1, its application in Na batteries is largely hindered by dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency. Herein, it is demonstrated that an electrolyte consisting of 1 m sodium tetrafluoroborate in tetraglyme can enable excellent cycling efficiency (99.9%) of a Na metal anode for more than 1000 cycles. This high reversibility of a Na anode can be attributed to a stable solid electrolyte interphase formed on the Na surface, as revealed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These electrolytes also enable excellent cycling stability of Na||hard‐carbon cells and Na||Na2/3Co1/3Mn2/3O2 cells at high rates with very high coulombic efficiencies.
A Novel Anti‐Coagulative Nanocomplex in Delivering miRNA‐1 Inhibitor Against Microvascular Obstruction of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hong Ting , Wei Yazhong , Xue Xiaomei , Li Yongyong , Dong Haiqing , Guo Xiaoyu , Shi Xueyin , He Bin
Published: April 2020

Great progress has been made in miRNA nanodelivery for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, miRNA nanodelivery within the infarct is impeded by microvascular obstruction as a local circulatory disorder caused by microthrombus formation in microvessels. Knowing that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can effectively prevent microthrombus formation in microcirculation, it is hypothesized whether surface modification of the nanocarrier with LMWH can overcome microvascular obstruction in the infarct area for better miRNA delivery. Herein, a novel nanocomlex consisting of dendrigraft poly‐l‐lysine (DGL)‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor as the core to decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and LMWH as the shell to overcome microvascular obstruction of the infarct area is developed. The results show that this anti‐coagulative nanocomlex is able to reduce microthrombus formation in microvessels and inhibit blood‐coagulation factor Xa, thereby overcoming microvascular obstruction in the infarct area. In addition, it further enhances the uptake of miR‐1 inhibitor within the infarct and decreases myocardiocyte apoptosis, thus improving the cardiac function and attenuating the myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, modification of DGL‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor with LMWH helps overcome microvascular obstruction in delivering the drug to the infarct area, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving a better therapeutic outcome of MI.
Functionalization of Poly(para‐xylylene)s—Opportunities and Challenges as Coating Material
Authors: Moss Tobias , Greiner Andreas
Published: April 2020

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of poly(para‐xylylene)s (PPX) is an enabling technology for materials design as well as for numerous high‐performance applications. Additionally, PPX possesses of a unique set of structure–property relationships that can be tuned over a wide range. Different strategies vary from functionalization of the most used precursor [2.2]paracyclophane to the testing of new precursors and the copolymerization with various monomers. In this review, some recent developments on synthesis and properties of this unique class of polymers, the PPX, are reported.
Single‐Source, Solvent‐Free, Room Temperature Deposition of Black γ‐CsSnI3 Films
Authors: Kiyek Vivien M. , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Smirnov Yury , Ledinsky Martin , Remes Zdenek , Momand Jamo , Kooi Bart J. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Morales‐Masis Monica
Published: April 2020

The presence of a nonoptically active polymorph (yellow‐phase) competing with the optically active polymorph (black γ‐phase) at room temperature in cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3) and the susceptibility of Sn to oxidation represent two of the biggest obstacles for the exploitation of CsSnI3 in optoelectronic devices. Here room‐temperature single‐source in vacuum deposition of smooth black γ −CsSnI3 thin films is reported. This is done by fabricating a solid target by completely solvent‐free mixing of CsI and SnI2 powders and isostatic pressing. By controlled laser ablation of the solid target on an arbitrary substrate at room temperature, the formation of CsSnI3 thin films with optimal optical properties is demonstrated. The films present a bandgap of 1.32 eV, a sharp absorption edge, and near‐infrared photoluminescence emission. These properties and X‐ray diffraction of the thin films confirm the formation of the orthorhombic (B‐γ ) perovskite phase. The thermal stability of the phase is ensured by applying in situ an Al2O3 capping layer. This work demonstrates the potential of pulsed laser deposition as a volatility‐insensitive single‐source growth technique of halide perovskites and represents a critical step forward in the development and future scalability of inorganic lead‐free halide perovskites.
Alginate‐Derived Active Blend Enhances Adsorption and Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Vassalini Irene , Gjipalaj Joana , Crespi Stefano , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Mella Mariella , Ferroni Matteo , Alessandri Ivano
Published: April 2020

The ever‐increasing need for clean water is one of the most urgent sustainable development goals, which requires environmentally‐friendly strategies for water remediation against different types of pollutants. In this work, the possibility of using alginate, a biocompatible and natural polysaccharide, is explored for the preparation of both oxide (TiO2, Al2O3, and yttria‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ)) macrobeads and an active blend of rich carbon nanoparticles, depolymerized alginate, formic acid, and a complex mixture of other organic acids. In particular, the active blend is obtained through low‐energy‐demanding microwave assisted digestion of sodium alginate solution, and it is used to enhance the decontamination activity of oxide macrobeads in mild conditions (e.g., low temperature, no pH buffers, and visible illumination). It is demonstrated that the alginate‐derived active blend obtained without the addition of any other chemicals increases primarily the adsorption capability of oxide macrobeads toward positively charged pollutants (methylene blue, crystal violet, and tetracaine) and, also, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 during their degradation. Interestingly, functionalization with the obtained alginate‐derived active blend enables better performance in comparison with functionalization of its single components or with carbon‐dots (C‐Dots) obtained with conventional and more energy‐demanding hydrothermal methods, enabling them to obtain a fully sustainable, environmentally‐friendly system for water remediation.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Propylphenols on a Niobia‐Supported Platinum Catalyst: Ortho, Meta, Para Isomerism, Reaction Conditions, and Phase Equilibria
Authors: González Escobedo José Luis , Mäkelä Eveliina , Neuvonen Jouni , Uusi‐Kyyny Petri , Lindblad Marina , Karinen Reetta , Puurunen Riikka L.
Published: April 2020

The alkylphenols found in liquefied lignocellulose could become a source of bio‐based aromatic hydrocarbons for fuel components. In the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of alkylphenols, hydroxyl groups must be removed while avoiding the hydrogenation of the aromatic ring. Here, the HDO of propylphenols is studied using a Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst and n‐tetradecane solvent. HDO experiments are performed using different reaction conditions of batch residence time (0–161 min gcat greactant−1), pressure (20–30 bar H2), and temperature (300–375 °C). HDO is studied with ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐propylphenol. The influence of vapor–liquid equilibrium and chemical equilibrium are assessed using thermodynamic calculations. Almost full deoxygenation is attained in the experiments; the main products are propylbenzene and propylcyclohexane. The study finds that, of the isomers, 4‐propylphenol is the most favorable for forming propylbenzene (77% maximum selectivity), whereas 2‐propylphenol is the least favorable (55% maximum selectivity). Additionally, the reactivity of propylbenzene in the test conditions is detrimental to its selectivity after 5 min gcat greactant−1. Finally, the temperature at which the process favors propylbenzene is found to shift as a function of pressure; at 20 bar, propylbenzene is favored at 350 °C and at 30 bar, it is favored at 375 °C.
Substantially Enhanced Power Output and Durability of Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Yan Wenrui , Xiang Yan , Zhang Jin , Lu Shanfu , Jiang San Ping
Published: April 2020

Development of direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) is significantly constrained by low output performance and poor durability because of the sluggish formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) and the poisoning by COads intermediate on the Pt‐based electrocatalyst at low operating temperatures. By operating DFAFCs at elevated temperatures, the peak power density (PPD) of the cell based on the Pt/C catalyst increases significantly. For example, the PPD of DFAFC reaches 198 mW cm−2 at 240 °C, eight times higher than that of the DFAFC at 70 °C. The study shows the surprising transition in power performance of DFAFCs at elevated temperatures. The increase of PPD for DFAFC against temperature is 121 mW cm−2/100 °C at temperatures above 115 °C, almost three times higher than the 45 mW cm−2/100 °C obtained at lower temperatures. The fundamental reason for the substantially enhanced power output and durability is the gradual transformation of the reaction kinetics from sluggish direct FAOR at low temperatures to fast H2 oxidation reaction at elevated temperatures due to the increased in situ decomposition of formic acid on Pt/C catalysts at temperatures above 100 °C. This study demonstrates that operation at temperatures above 160 °C is most effective to promote performance and durability of DFAFCs.
Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐b]indoles via Brønsted‐Acid‐Promoted Decarboxylative Annulation of 3‐Bromopropenals and Ethyl 2‐Amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Yang Tang‐Hao , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: April 2020

The present methodology describes a versatile pathway to furnish α‐carbolines from relatively stable 2‐amino indole derivatives and 3‐bromopropenal. High substrate tolerance, nonmetallic, more efficient, and mild reaction conditions are important aspects.
Cascade Oxidation, Radical Addition, and Annulation of o‐Alkynylarylaldimine with Indole/Imidazopyridine: Access to Aromatic Heterocycle‐substituted Isoquinolines
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Hui , Yu Yajun , Hu Dandan , Zhao Lang , Xie Wenlin , Zhou Zhihua
Published: April 2020

A peroxide‐mediated oxidation/radical addition/cyclization cascade reaction for the construction of isoquinoline skeleton is reported. The mild metal‐free promoted conditions of this reaction allowed us to synthesize a library of aromatic heterocycle‐substituted isoquinolines with a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high atom economy in moderate to good yields. The radical intermediate in this reaction system was captured by TEMPO and confirmed by mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS). Further In vitro antiproliferative activities exhibited significant inhibition of the growth of HepG2, MCF‐7, MGC803 and EC‐9706 human cancer cell lines.