bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordination of aluminium crusher and battery energy storage system to provide multistage power system services
Authors: Rubasinghe Osaka , Zhang Tingze , Zhang Xinan , Chau Tat Kei , Chow Yau , Fernando Tyrone , Iu Herbert Ho‐Ching
Published: April 2024

Ancillary service provision and peak shaving (PS) play essential roles in the current day‐to‐day power system operation, which is challenged by the increasing renewable generation penetration. Providing these critical services using classical approaches such as peak load generators has been limited due to high operational costs and environmental impacts. The use of battery energy storage systems (BESS) is another popular method that is limited by high initial investment costs and high degradation rates. In this work, a novel approach to utilize industrial loads and BESS to provide multiple power system services in different stages is proposed. Industrial loads such as aluminium crushers are known for their intensive electricity consumption. Nevertheless, when applied in frequency regulation (FR), they perform poorly due to their discrete nature in operation. This drawback and the aforementioned BESS shortcomings are addressed by combining on‐site BESS with plant machinery to provide FR services and recover BESS related costs. Later, depending on the optimal capacity distribution, BESS usage is extended into the energy arbitrage market to provide PS services. This approach resulted in higher earnings for participating customers and network operators, as well as in less emissions, and minimal BESS degradations. An Australian case study of the South West Interconnected System, along with Worsley Alumina refinery data of Western Australia has been used to showcase the model performances.
Synergetic optimisation of mechanical and electrical properties of aramid composite insulation paper by modulation of fibrid morphology
Authors: Huang Meng , Yao Yuanxin , Wang Lu , Li Sai , Su Yanxiao , Ma Jie
Published: April 2024

The fibrids in aramid insulation paper exhibit good adhesion ability. However, the effects of fibrids morphology on the mechanical and electrical properties of aramid insulation paper remains poorly understood. Aramid fibrids with different morphological structures were prepared by modifying the preparation process, and then they were used to fabricate aramid composite insulation paper under the same condition. The results showed that increasing the shear rate and aramid solution concentration affected the magnitude of the shear force and double diffusion process, thus affecting the average length, specific surface area, and crystallinity of the fibrids. When the rotor frequency is 25–30 Hz and the solution concentration is 15%, the fibrid has a large specific surface area while ensuring high crystallinity, which is beneficial to the improvement of breakdown strength. When the average length of fibrids is 0.8–1.4 mm, the fine content is 1.3%–2.3%, specific surface area is 57.5–62 m2 g−1, and crystallinity is 18.5%–27%, the aramid composite insulation paper has the optimal mechanical and electrical properties. Combined with the micromorphology test results, the influence mechanism of fibrids properties on the mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and AC and DC breakdown strength of aramid composite insulation paper was obtained. The result is of great theoretical significance and practical value for the preparation and application of high‐performance aramid composite insulation paper.
Comparison of 2D and 3D multichannel audio rendering methods for hearing research applications using technical and perceptual measures
Authors: Gerken Merle , Hohmann Volker , Grimm Giso
Published: April 2024

Virtual reality with multichannel audio playback is increasingly used in hearing aid research. The purpose of this study is to compare horizontal (2D) and periphonic (3D) rendering methods in terms of localization, minimum audible angle, and perceptual ratings related to spatial quality. Higher Order Ambisonics, Vector-Base Amplitude Panning, and Nearest Speaker Selection were used, with playback through 16, 29 and 45 speakers. The results show that an improvement in vertical localization can be obtained by using periphonic rendering instead of horizontal rendering. The perceptual advantage of periphonic rendering depends on the spatial complexity of the scene; it disappears in complex acoustic environments. Scenes with low acoustic complexity, such as a single primary sound source in a room, benefit from Nearest Speaker Selection rendering. For more complex scenes with multiple sound sources, such as a symphony orchestra in a concert hall with many primary sources, or traffic on a road with moving sources, horizontal rendering methods such as 2D Higher Order Ambisonics will provide similar or better performance.
The potency of rice straw for ruminant feed on several rice varieties
Authors: Suretno Nandari Dyah , Adriyani Fauziah Yulia , Tambunan Reny Debora , Diptaningsari Danarsi , Meidaliyantisyah  , Zahara  , Maryanto Andi
Published: April 2024

Indonesia has a lot of rice varieties. However, to the authors’ knowledge, studies on the potential of several rice varieties as ruminant feed have never been carried out. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential of rice straws of several rice varieties for ruminant feed. The study was conducted in 2021 in South Lampung District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Seven rice varieties (Inpari 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 33, Inpari 35, Ciherang, Bestari, and Cilamaya Muncul) were used in this study. The variables observed were vegetative and production characteristics. The vegetative characteristics observed were plant height, stump height, straw length, and the percentage of straw height and plant height. The production variables observed were the number of tillers per hill, straw weight, the ratio of straw and grain weight, and the percentage of straw length and plant height. The data obtained were analyzed using the single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that plant heights were significantly different among rice varieties (P<0.01). Inpari 35 variety has the highest plant and the widest straw length compared to others. Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Bestari, on the other hand, have the highest stump height. Inpari 33 and Inpari 35 have the widest straw length and plant height percentage. Meanwhile, Cilamaya Muncul has the highest number of tillers per hill, straw weight, the ratio of straw weight, and straw weight and plant weight percentage. It was concluded that the Cilamaya Muncul variety has the best potency for ruminant feed.
Morphological analysis of chemically umbut palm stem starch granules using scanning electron microscope
Authors: Yunita Imelda , Prendika Wimpy , Mutia Reiza
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research was to determine the morphological structure of modified umbut palm stem starch. The method used was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments in this study were A (modified with 1% CH3COOH), B (modified with 2% HCl), and C (modified with 4% H2SO4). The result of this research is the morphological structure of umbut palm stem starch undergoes changes in granular structure after hydrolysis with various acids. Particle size of the sample with 100x magnification in each treatment are treatment A 177.76µm, treatment B 130.86 µm and treatment C 85.25 µm. Based on the results of morphological analysis of modified umbut palm stem starch using several acid treatments that starch granules in treatment B have more changes in granule shape, as can be seen from the destruction of irregular starch shapes and the presence of many flakes has a shape like a split stone and a rather smooth surface. Implications of the results of the research are known that the umbut palm stem starch that has been modified using different acid treatment is seen morphologically undergoing changes in structure or shape.
Antifungal effectiveness of some essential oils and their mixtures against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense that causes fusarium wilt disease of banana plants
Authors: Nurmansyah  , Idris Herwita , Agustien Antonie , Mansyurdin  , Riska
Published: April 2024

Antifungal effectiveness of several essential oil botanical pesticides and their mixtures against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) which causes fusarium wilt disease of banana plants in vitro, was conducted from March to July 2023. The aim of the study was to obtain an effective botanical pesticide formulation and the right concentration for controlling the Foc causing Fusarium wilt disease in banana plants. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design in factorials with three replications. The experiment was carried out using two methods: a) Suppressing colony diameter using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium, b). Suppressing colony biomass using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The treatment was the formulation of essential oil (F) botanical pesticides as the first factor; F1 (Cymbopogon flexuosus oils), F2 (C. nardus essential oils), F3 (Eugenia aromatica leaf essential oils), F4 (Cinnamomum burmanii leaf oils), F5 (F1+F2), F6 (F1+F3), F7 (F1+F4) and F8 (F2 +F3), F9 (F2+F4) and F10 (F3+F4) The level of concentration (C) as a second factor C1(1000 ppm) and C2(2000 ppm). The results showed that the F3 (E. aromatica leaf oils) treatment had the best antifungal activity against Foc. At a concentration of 2000 ppm inhibition of the diameter growth and colony biomass reached 100%, followed by the F1 treatment (C. flexuosus oils) up to 89.73% and 95.75%, the F2 treatment (C. nardus oils) reach 84.58% and 89.67% and the lowest antifungal activity is F4 (C. burmanii leaf oils) which only 77.08% and 84.50%. The best mixed formulations were F5(F1+ F3) and F8(F2 + F3), at the same concentration suppression of colony growth reaching 100%. In general, mixed essential oils formulation have shown to increase the effectiveness of the antifungal activities.
Endosymbion microbials low abundance of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from Indonesia rice production center based on metagenomic study using 16Sr RNA
Authors: Awaluddin  , Dadang  , Anwar Ruly , Giyanto
Published: April 2024

Insects have a long history of association with endosymbiont microbes. There are several indications that endosymbiont microbes are associated with insects and participate in the degradation of organic and inorganic molecules. This research aims to identify the profile of abundance and diversity of endosymbiont microbes associated with Nilaparvata lugens in Konawe (Southeast Sulawesi), Pasuruan (East Java), Klaten (Central Java), and Karawang (West Java) using a metagenomic study approach. We analyzed 15 pairs samples of N. lugens obtained from several regions in Indonesia. Endosymbionts were identified using a full-length primer 27F and 1492R targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that the proteobacteria phylum dominated all samples. Arsenophonus nasoniae (Morganellaceae; Enterobacterales) contributed the highest abundance (50-62%) based on total NumRead nucleotide base sequences from each sample. The bacterial diversity in these four samples was classified as moderate. This research showed that there were similarities in the communities and profiles of endosymbiont microbial constituents in each region, and this study becomes the basis for further research regarding the role of endosymbiont microbes on their hosts.
The effect of root cutting on the availability of organic carbon stock in oil palm plants (elaeis guneensis jacq)
Authors: Wahyudin Cecep Ijang , Hariyadi  , Sudrajat  , Yahya Sudirman , Anwar Syaiful
Published: April 2024

Palm oil (Elaeis guenesis jacq) is an important commodity in Indonesia. Assessments of the underlying causes of yield gaps in oil palm production systems worldwide are lacking in exploring existing knowledge about oil palm productivity from a crop physiological perspective. Modifying the roots of oil palm plants through root cutting can affect the availability of carbon stocks in the soil because roots are one of the sources of organic carbon input into the soil. The purpose of the study was to analyses the effect of cutting the roots of oil palm plants on the availability of carbon stocks and soil fertility for these crops. The land where the study took place had a relatively low soil fertility status, there were several parameters observed showing low availability status in the soil. The low content of nutrients in the soil causes limited soil in providing nutrients to support plant growth.
Effect doses level of vermigot fertilizer on the chemical and biological characteristics of Inceptisol and Maize (Zea mays L.) production
Authors: Lubis Nursiani , Sebayang Nur Ulina Warnisyah
Published: April 2024

Vermigot is an organic fertilizer produced from a combination of vermicompost and BSF compost. By applying Vermigot fertilizer to maize on Inceptisol, it’s hoped that it can help increase maize production and improve the chemical-biological characteristics of Inceptisol. This research aims to determine the effect of various doses of Vermigot fertilizer on the chemical and biological properties of Inceptisol soil and maize production This study used a Non Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), including: V0 = 0 gram, V1 = 100 gram, V2 = 200 gram and V3 = 300 gram with 6 replications to obtain 24 treatments. Parameters observed included maize production: shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), corncob weight (g), final plant height of the vegetative phase (cm) and stem diameter at the end of the vegetative phase (mm). Inceptisol soil chemical-biological properties: pH soil, C-Organic (%), N-Total (%), Available-P (ppm) and microbial population (CFU/g). The maize variety used was Pioneer 35. The results showed that the application of various doses of Vermigot had a significant effect on the chemical of the Inceptisol, pH soil with the highest treatment at the V3 (300 g) of 6.80 (neutral) and the available-P of the soil with the best treatment V3 (300 g) of 31.90 ppm. Microbial population had no significant effect and maize production (Zea mays L.) had a significant effect, the weight of corn cobs with the best treatment V3 (300 g) of 250.56 gram.
Stress tolerance of lightweight glass-free PV modules for vehicle integration
Authors: Desai Umang , Nicolet Kléber , Prabhudesai Sukanya , Cattaneo Gianluca , Robin Julien , Cunha Cristiano , Silva José , Jacques Louis , Mujovi Fahradin , Levrat Jacques , Despeisse Matthieu , Hessler-Wyser Aïcha , Faes Antonin , Ballif Christophe
Published: April 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) currently dominate the sales in the automotive market. A big leap in this market can be made by developing a photovoltaic product that can be integrated to an EV, as it can boost the driving range of the EV while reducing the charging frequency. Such vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) products are already successfully demonstrated, but they are usually made with glass as a front sheet – making them bulky and limiting their use to the car roofs due to safety reasons. The contemporary focus of the research in the field of VIPV is on developing a product that is lightweight (LW) and easily integrable into the complex shapes of an EV. Therefore, in this work, we present our initial findings on a novel architecture for LW VIPV modules employing polycarbonate (PC) as a front sheet. The mechanical behaviour of the LW module under bending is successfully simulated using finite elements (FE) modelling to predict the fracture of the solar cells, which can then be used as a predictive tool to check the maximal load on the PV body of an EV before cracking the c-Si solar cells. We demonstrate that a change in the temperature of the PC-based LW modules can modify the interspacing between the cells and thus create stress on the connectors. The dog-bone connectors are found to allow almost unconstrained movement of the cells in the module when subjected to variation of temperature. The cell movements may result in mechanical fatigue of the interconnection, which can ultimately result in disconnection of the cells. Initial performance of the dog-bone connectors is investigated by applying mechanical fatigue experiments, which demonstrate that the special geometry of the dog-bone connector could endure a greater number of thermal cycles than a simple prismatic shape would.
A Study of Factors Influencing Investor Expectations in the Capital Market
Authors: He Yuxuan
Published: April 2024

This paper examines three key factors that influence investor expectations: company announcements, market seasonality and environment, and social and corporate governance (ESG). It shows that these factors individually and jointly have a significant impact on investor behavior and market dynamics. Corporate announcements serve as an important source of information that directly influences investor behavior and expectations, while market seasonality demonstrates cyclical patterns in investor expectations. Meanwhile, ESG investments reflect investors’ concerns about corporate performance in environmental protection, social responsibility, and governance. While research on these factors has been more extensive, further research is needed to combine these factors with other market dynamics and to quantify their impact on long-term investment decisions and market trends. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse factors that influence investor expectations by analyzing these factors in an integrated manner. This not only provides insights for investors and market analysts, but also provides important information for policymakers in guiding the market and formulating policies.
A Study on the Effectiveness of the Independent Director System on the Governance of Financial Fraud Phenomenon: Taking Kangmei Pharmaceutical as an Example
Authors: Xu Yang
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the pervasive challenge of financial fraud in listed companies, emphasizing the vital role of the independent director system in corporate governance and fraud prevention. Beginning with a background overview and theoretical foundation, it assesses the status and significance of independent directors, analyzing factors influencing their involvement in preventing financial fraud. Using Kangmei Pharmaceuticals as a case study, the paper examines the corporate financial fraud methods and relevant risks, focusing on internal governance issues. Emphasis is placed on the independence of independent directors, their relationships with the board and supervisory board, and their impact on Kangmei Pharmaceuticals’ governance in the financial fraud context. The study uncovers reasons for perceived failures, concluding with recommendations to enhance independent directors’ engagement in corporate governance. This research contributes to understanding financial fraud governance mechanisms, enriching the theory of independent directors, and proposing suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the independent director system.
Research on Option Pricing Strategies for Forestry Carbon Sinks Based on Black-Scholes Modeling-Take Sanming City as an Example
Authors: Wang Zichen
Published: April 2024

Sanming City, Fujian Province, is known as the green capital of China. This paper focuses on the local forestry carbon sink projects in Sanming City and analyzes their carbon trading prices based on the real option pricing theory and the Black-Scholes model and concludes that the value of the forestry carbon sink projects in Sanming City has been underestimated. This paper seizes the undervalued situation and puts forward certain suggestions for working on projects to develop forestry carbon sink in Sanming, such as increasing the well-being of residents by utilizing forestry carbon sink projects, increasing the number of trading entities in the carbon market, and perfecting the carbon trading market, etc. It also points out that the rationalization of forestry carbon sink products should be carried out reasonably. At the same time, it also points out the significance of reasonable pricing of forestry carbon sink products for the local carbon trading market, which leads to the significance of the rational development of forestry carbon sinks for China’s green development.
The Communication Effect of Elevator Multimedia Advertisement Based on the AIDMA Model – Taking a commercial plaza in Shanghai as an example
Authors: Tao Ke
Published: April 2024

The Attention-Interest-Desire-Memory-Action (AIDMA) model describes the psychological process of consumers from exposure to advertising to final purchase, including five stages: attention, interest, desire, memory, and action. This model has important guiding significance in the early stage of traditional media and the Internet. However, with the development of the Internet, users’ behavior patterns changed, and new marketing models such as the Attention-Interest-Search-Action-Share (AISAS) model appeared. However, the AIDMA model still has reference value and application scenarios, especially in elevator multimedia advertising. In a relatively closed and focused environment, elevator multimedia advertising is more likely to attract passengers’ attention, stimulate interest and purchase desire, and strengthen brand memory. This form of advertising is suitable for various industries and brands, and it can improve brand awareness and image. In order to evaluate the effect of elevator multimedia advertising, it can be investigated from three aspects: communication effect, psychological effect, and sales effect. Through these investigations, the study provides an understanding of the communication effect of advertising and provide a reference for future advertising planning.
China-US Trade War Unveiled: Analyzing the Root Causes and Effects
Authors: Maidinuer Paerhati
Published: April 2024

The China-US trade war has emerged as one of the most significant and complex issue in contemporary international trade. It affects not only the cooperation between the two countries, but also the global economy. Therefore, the analysis of China-US trade war has significant meaning in understanding the global trading system and making economic forecasts. This paper analyses the causes of trade war from the perspective of trade deficit, globalization, and property rights, indicating that the US started trade war for its own interest and felt the stress from the development of China. Apart from causes, the effects are also crucial. This paper analyses the import and export volume, investment effect, economic effect, and political effect, showing that the impacts of China-US trade war are widespread. Based on the analysis above, this paper gives several suggestions in the hope that China and US could strengthen exchange and cooperation, reduce trade disputes, and contribute to the development of global economy.
Environmental accounting information disclosure from the perspective of game theory
Authors: Yang Liuxin
Published: April 2024

In reality, environmental accounting information disclosure still faces a series of issues, such as information asymmetry and lack of transparency. This results in discrepancies in the information held by both buyers and sellers. The party with information advantage may conceal their known information as a means of profit, while the other party takes various actions to obtain information to avoid losses. This article primarily introduces the background of environmental accounting information disclosure and its importance in market operations and management. It then analyses the motives behind accounting games and the potential dynamics of decision-making processes in non-cooperative relationships and conflicts of interest. In the study, qualitative research methods were mainly employed, including literature reviews, specific case studies, and mathematical measurements. Additionally, data on environmental accounting information disclosure from typical publicly listed companies were collected to construct a model of the bargaining relationship and consider its depth quantitatively. The research results indicate that in accounting games, the factors influencing the bargaining of both parties are not singular but are affected by various situations and conditions. Because of the divergent interests pursued by both parties, the intended outcomes of environmental accounting information disclosure, such as information symmetry and transparency, are compromised. Based on these findings, this article presents some optimization suggestions and actionable plans to prevent publicly listed companies from exploiting policy loopholes and to encourage them to more actively fulfill their obligations in disclosing accounting information, thus improving the stability of the domestic market.
Unusual Metastatic Sites and Radioiodine Uptake in Patients of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Atypical Clinical Presentations: Utilization of 131I-Whole-Body Scintigraphy with Regional SPECT/CT
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip
Published: April 2024

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) usually is slow growing and carries a good prognosis. It most commonly tends to spread locally to regional lymph nodes in 20 to 60% of patients. The presence of distant metastasis impacts overall survival and prognosis. The lungs, bones, and the brain are typically involved in distant sites with less common metastatic sites that include the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, adrenal glands, bladder, and skin. These unusual sites are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge and impact clinical decision-making to a great extent. The radioiodine 131I whole-body scintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography can provide a thorough investigation of unusual sites of uptake leading to diagnosis of these metastases. We present a case series of DTC showing unusual sites of metastasis and/or radioiodine uptake in urinary bladder, in the third metacarpal bone of left hand and lastly in the forearm at postoperative hypertrophic scar area.
Research on the Mechanism of Si Xian Decoction in Treating Acute Leukemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Jiang Zihan , Zhang Man , Guo Jiayuan , Liu Mingxin , Liu Wenqing , Guo Jue , Ma Qiuling
Published: March 2024

Objective Our objective was to investigate the mechanism of action of the Si Xian Decoction (SXD) in treating acute leukemia (AL) using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.

Methods The chemical components of the four medicinal herbs of Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Baimaogen (Imperatae Rhizoma), Xiaoji (Cirsii Herba), and Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba) in the SXD were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM), and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM). A natural active chemical component dataset for the SXD was established. Human Gene Database (Gencards), Database of Gene-Disease Associations (DisGeNET), Database for Drug and Drug Target Information (DrugBank), and Human Disease Database (MalaCards) were searched to obtain AL-related targets and to establish a disease target database. After obtaining the intersection targets of drugs and diseases, a Venn diagram of the common targets was drawn online. A drug-disease protein interaction network was constructed using the String 11.5 platform, and a “drug-disease-target-signal pathway” network was built using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to obtain relevant target network topology parameters.

Results By searching the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, and ETCM databases, 30 active components of the SXD and 677 related targets were obtained. From Gencards, DrugBank, MalaCards, and DisGeNET databases, 12,110 potential AL disease targets were obtained. Using the ClusterProfiler package of the R4.2.2 platform, 1,011 entries of gene ontology information were enriched, including 467 biological process entries, 236 molecular function entries, and 308 cellular component entries. Additionally, 220 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways were obtained, mainly involving chemical carcinogen receptor activation, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, prostate cancer, and the role of the advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Network topology analysis revealed that the main active components of SXD treating AL include γ-aminobutyric acid, adenosine, quercetin, scopolamine, and taraxasterol.

Conclusion The treatment of AL with the SXD is a process of multicomponent, multitarget, and multisignal pathway coordination. Network pharmacology provides a solid research basis for elucidating the mechanism of action of SXD in the treatment of AL.
Citizen scientists—practices, observations, and experience
Authors: O’Grady Michael , Mangina Eleni
Published: April 2024

Citizen science has been studied intensively in recent years. Nonetheless, the voice of citizen scientists is often lost despite their altruistic and indispensable role. To remedy this deficiency, a survey on the overall experiences of citizen scientists was undertaken. Dimensions investigated include activities, open science concepts, and data practices. However, the study prioritizes knowledge and practices of data and data management. When a broad understanding of data is lacking, the ability to make informed decisions about consent and data sharing, for example, is compromised. Furthermore, the potential and impact of individual endeavors and collaborative projects are reduced. Findings indicate that understanding of data management principles is limited. Furthermore, an unawareness of common data and open science concepts was observed. It is concluded that appropriate training and a raised awareness of Responsible Research and Innovation concepts would benefit individual citizen scientists, their projects, and society.
Vortex sorting of rare particles/cells in microcavities: A review
Authors: Shen Feng , Gao Jie , Zhang Jie , Ai Mingzhu , Gao Hongkai , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: April 2024

Microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip technology has shown great potential for the separation of target particles/cells from heterogeneous solutions. Among current separation methods, vortex sorting of particles/cells in microcavities is a highly effective method for trapping and isolating rare target cells, such as circulating tumor cells, from flowing samples. By utilizing fluid forces and inertial particle effects, this passive method offers advantages such as label-free operation, high throughput, and high concentration. This paper reviews the fundamental research on the mechanisms of focusing, trapping, and holding of particles in this method, designs of novel microcavities, as well as its applications. We also summarize the challenges and prospects of this technique with the hope to promote its applications in medical and biological research.
Theoretical research on dynamic modeling of rigid–flexible coupling system with double joint folded wing
Authors: Lv Tiegang , Xiaowen Zhang , Junfu Qiao , Yu Zhang , Yongwei Li , Fei Yao , Kai Yang , Jianwei Shi
Published: April 2024

For meeting the requirements of tactical missiles seeking miniaturized launch devices for storage, transportation, and launch, a tube-launched missile wing is adopted, which folds before launch and quickly unfolds after launch. As a structure installed on the missile body to generate the required aerodynamic force for manipulating the missile, the tube-launched missile wing can effectively stabilize the missile’s flight attitude. At present, most research on the unfolding mechanism of missile folding wings is focused on one-time folding. When the wingspan is large, multiple folding is required to meet the launch requirements of modern tube-launched missiles. Therefore, this article designs a dual-joint folding wing deployment mechanism and studies the rigid–flexible coupling dynamic modeling and related technologies of folding wings based on this structure. Based on the inertial coupling between large-scale rigid body motion and structural flexible deformation, the folding wing breaks through the element convergence of the model and achieves the applicability of the structural model through zero-order approximation model analysis and other technologies. Simulation results show that the hybrid coordinate method can fully and accurately display the vibration information of flexible folding wings. At different speeds, the first-order coupling model is more advanced than the zero-order coupling model. In addition, increasing rotational speed, increasing wing thickness, and reducing wing span length can effectively increase the fundamental frequency of wing flutter. The structural design of folding wings has shown important reference significance.
Optimizing centroiding using indexed table lookup: Application to crossed-strip readout
Authors: La An-Peng , Zhang Wen-Wen , Yang Yang , Zheng Jin-Kun , Bai Yong-Lin , Song Yu-Chao , Duan Jin-Yao , Zhang Yanxin , Wang Fang , Zhao Hua
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a hybrid readout system for a cross-strip position-sensitive anode detector that combines a lookup table and weighted averaging. The lookup table approach is used to identify event channels and select appropriate weights based on the corresponding index code for calculating the centroid of the electron cloud. This effectively enhances the readout system’s processing speed while preserving the high-resolution advantage of the cross-strip position-sensitive anode. Simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the system. Experimental results demonstrate that this readout method achieves an event processing speed exceeding 10 MHz while maintaining a resolution of 17.96 lp/mm.
Nonlocal quantum differentiation between polarization objects using entanglement
Authors: Besaga Vira R. , Zhang Luosha , Vega Andres , Chauhan Purujit Singh , Siefke Thomas , Steinlechner Fabian , Pertsch Thomas , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Setzpfandt Frank
Published: April 2024

For a wide range of applications, a fast, non-destructive, remote, and sensitive identification of samples with predefined characteristics is preferred instead of their full characterization. In this work, we report on the experimental implementation of a nonlocal quantum measurement scheme, which allows for differentiation among samples out of a predefined set of transparent and birefringent objects in a distant optical channel. The measurement is enabled by application of polarization-entangled photon pairs and is based on remote state preparation. On an example set of more than 80 objects characterized by different Mueller matrices, we show that only two coincidence measurements are already sufficient for successful discrimination. The number of measurements needed for sample differentiation is significantly decreased compared to a comprehensive polarimetric analysis. Our results demonstrate the potential of this polarization detection method for polarimetric applications in biomedical diagnostics, remote sensing, and other classification/detection tasks.
Impact of nano-hybridization on flexural and impact behavior of basalt/glass fiber-epoxy composites for automotive structures
Authors: Boobalan V. , Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Makki Emad
Published: April 2024

This study’s primary objective is to experimentally investigate the flexural and impact performance of composites composed of hybrid basalt/E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy infused with multiwalled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) and nano-silica (SiO2) in compliance with ASTM D790 and ASTM D6110 specifications. Recently, manufacturers considered using basalt fiber-based composites for various structural applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, high stiffness, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Each composite laminate was made by hand layup techniques and filled with equal proportions of SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles in different weight percentages, such as 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The composites were made by using a symmetric stacking sequence of B/GG/BB/GG/BD/GG/B fibers. MWCNTs and SiO2 were evenly dispersed throughout the epoxy matrix with the assistance of an ultrasonicator and magnetic stirrer. The composite containing 2% fillers has an increased flexural strength by 20% from 307 to 378 MPa and flexural modulus by 30% from 11.181 to 15.901 Gpa, as well as an increased Charpy impact resistance by 45% from 236 to 418 J/m, compared with the composite without fillers. The interfacial interactions between the epoxy matrix, particles, and fibers significantly influenced the composite laminates’ flexural and impact characteristics. The accumulation of particles in the epoxy caused by the 3% fillers reduces the flexural strength and flexural modulus and impacts the performance due to the inadequate interfacial contact between the fibers and the epoxy matrix.
Fast self-powered n-InGaN layer/p-Cu2O microcrystal visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector with high photocurrent and responsivity
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Deng Rongli , Luo Mingrui , Hong Hao , Pan Xingchen , Nötzel Richard
Published: April 2024

An efficient visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector based on a compact In-rich n-InGaN layer activated by p-Cu2O microcrystals operating as photoanode in the self-powered mode is demonstrated. The photocurrent density of 80 µA/cm2 under one-sun illumination is more than 10 times larger than that of a bare InGaN layer. Moreover, the photocurrent density, responsivity of 0.8 mA/W, specific detectivity of 4 × 109 Jones, and response times of 5–8 ms are more than five times better compared to those of our previously reported nanowire counterpart. The excellent performance is attributed to maximized photocarrier separation in the built-in electric field of the internal p–n junction for fully depleted Cu2O microcrystals with maximized height and the planar geometry, guaranteeing unhindered diffusion of the electrolyte to and from the photoanode surface.
Concentration dependent thermal properties of magnetic nanoparticles and ability to use in the magnetic hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Elbeshir E. I. A.
Published: April 2024

In this investigation, specimens of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) consisting of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and CoFe2O4 were synthesized in a powdered state through the co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction was employed for the purpose of characterizing the dimensions of the sample, yielding the following measurements: t = 64, 10, and 13 nm, respectively. Subsequently, a series of suspensions (S1, S5, S10, S15, and S20) were prepared by introducing varying amounts (x = 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg) of magnetic nanoparticles into 1 ml of distilled water. A low-frequency induction heater was employed to investigate the thermal characteristics of the aforementioned MNPs. The experimental findings indicate that as the concentration of MNPs in the suspension increases, there is a corresponding decrease in the maximum temperature (Tmax) measured in degrees Celsius, the heating rate (∆T/∆t) measured in degrees Celsius per second, and the specific absorption rate measured in watts per gram. Furthermore, the conducted investigation has elucidated that these MNPs exhibit commendable thermal characteristics, thereby signifying their potential utility in the realm of magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
Scientific progress and preservation clash in demolition of Curie building
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: April 2024

A compromise involves relocating the historic structure.
Hidden fluid dynamics of dry salt lakes
Authors: Beaume Cédric , Goehring Lucas , Lasser Jana
Published: April 2024

A new theory reveals how polygons that decorate the surface of dry lakes are linked to phenomena at play below the ground.
Improved subseasonal prediction of South Asian monsoon rainfall using data-driven forecasts of oscillatory modes
Authors: Bach Eviatar , Krishnamurthy V. , Mote Safa , Shukla Jagadish , Sharma A. Surjalal , Kalnay Eugenia , Ghil Michael
Published: April 2024

Predicting the temporal and spatial patterns of South Asian monsoon rainfall within a season is of critical importance due to its impact on agriculture, water availability, and flooding. The monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) is a robust northward-propagating mode that determines the active and break phases of the monsoon and much of the regional distribution of rainfall. However, dynamical atmospheric forecast models predict this mode poorly. Data-driven methods for MISO prediction have shown more skill, but only predict the portion of the rainfall corresponding to MISO rather than the full rainfall signal. Here, we combine state-of-the-art ensemble precipitation forecasts from a high-resolution atmospheric model with data-driven forecasts of MISO. The ensemble members of the detailed atmospheric model are projected onto a lower-dimensional subspace corresponding to the MISO dynamics and are then weighted according to their distance from the data-driven MISO forecast in this subspace. We thereby achieve improvements in rainfall forecasts over India, as well as the broader monsoon region, at 10- to 30-d lead times, an interval that is generally considered to be a predictability gap. The temporal correlation of rainfall forecasts is improved by up to 0.28 in this time range. Our results demonstrate the potential of leveraging the predictability of intraseasonal oscillations to improve extended-range forecasts; more generally, they point toward a future of combining dynamical and data-driven forecasts for Earth system prediction.
Bioinspired multiscale adaptive suction on complex dry surfaces enhanced by regulated water secretion
Authors: Yue Tianqi , Si Weiyong , Keller Alex , Yang Chenguang , Bloomfield-Gadêlha Hermes , Rossiter Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Suction is a highly evolved biological adhesion strategy for soft-body organisms to achieve strong grasping on various objects. Biological suckers can adaptively attach to dry complex surfaces such as rocks and shells, which are extremely challenging for current artificial suction cups. Although the adaptive suction of biological suckers is believed to be the result of their soft body’s mechanical deformation, some studies imply that in-sucker mucus secretion may be another critical factor in helping attach to complex surfaces, thanks to its high viscosity. Inspired by the combined action of biological suckers’ soft bodies and mucus secretion, we propose a multiscale suction mechanism which successfully achieves strong adaptive suction on dry complex surfaces which are both highly curved and rough, such as a stone. The proposed multiscale suction mechanism is an organic combination of mechanical conformation and regulated water seal. Multilayer soft materials first generate a rough mechanical conformation to the substrate, reducing leaking apertures to micrometres (~10 µm). The remaining micron-sized apertures are then sealed by regulated water secretion from an artificial fluidic system based on the physical model, thereby the suction cup achieves long suction longevity on complex surfaces but minimal overflow. We discuss its physical principles and demonstrate its practical application as a robotic gripper on a wide range of complex dry surfaces. We believe the presented multiscale adaptive suction mechanism is a powerful unique adaptive suction strategy which may be instrumental in the development of versatile soft adhesion.
Quantum information scrambling and chemical reactions
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Kundu Sohang , Makri Nancy , Gruebele Martin , Wolynes Peter G.
Published: April 2024

The ultimate regularity of quantum mechanics creates a tension with the assumption of classical chaos used in many of our pictures of chemical reaction dynamics. Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) provide a quantum analog to the Lyapunov exponents that characterize classical chaotic motion. Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford have suggested a fundamental quantum bound for the rate of information scrambling, which resembles a limit suggested by Herzfeld for chemical reaction rates. Here, we use OTOCs to study model reactions based on a double-well reaction coordinate coupled to anharmonic oscillators or to a continuum oscillator bath. Upon cooling, as one enters the tunneling regime where the reaction rate does not strongly depend on temperature, the quantum Lyapunov exponent can approach the scrambling bound and the effective reaction rate obtained from a population correlation function can approach the Herzfeld limit on reaction rates: Tunneling increases scrambling by expanding the state space available to the system. The coupling of a dissipative continuum bath to the reaction coordinate reduces the scrambling rate obtained from the early-time OTOC, thus making the scrambling bound harder to reach, in the same way that friction is known to lower the temperature at which thermally activated barrier crossing goes over to the low-temperature activationless tunneling regime. Thus, chemical reactions entering the tunneling regime can be information scramblers as powerful as the black holes to which the quantum Lyapunov exponent bound has usually been applied.
Honeybee CaV4 has distinct permeation, inactivation, and pharmacology from homologous NaV channels
Authors: Bertaud Anaïs , Cens Thierry , Chavanieu Alain , Estaran Sébastien , Rousset Matthieu , Soussi Lisa , Ménard Claudine , Kadala Akelsso , Collet Claude , Dutertre Sébastien , Bois Patrick , Gosselin-Badaroudine Pascal , Thibaud Jean-Baptiste , Roussel Julien , Vignes Michel , Chahine Mohamed , Charnet Pierre
Published: April 2024

DSC1, a Drosophila channel with sequence similarity to the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV), was identified over 20 years ago. This channel was suspected to function as a non-specific cation channel with the ability to facilitate the permeation of calcium ions (Ca2+). A honeybee channel homologous to DSC1 was recently cloned and shown to exhibit strict selectivity for Ca2+, while excluding sodium ions (Na+), thus defining a new family of Ca2+ channels, known as CaV4. In this study, we characterize CaV4, showing that it exhibits an unprecedented type of inactivation, which depends on both an IFM motif and on the permeating divalent cation, like NaV and CaV1 channels, respectively. CaV4 displays a specific pharmacology with an unusual response to the alkaloid veratrine. It also possesses an inactivation mechanism that uses the same structural domains as NaV but permeates Ca2+ ions instead. This distinctive feature may provide valuable insights into how voltage- and calcium-dependent modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels occur under conditions involving local changes in intracellular calcium concentrations. Our study underscores the unique profile of CaV4 and defines this channel as a novel class of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.