bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas da Terceirização na Administração Pública na Nova Abordagem de Contratação
Authors: Mizael Glener Alvarenga , Chagas Cristina Graziele , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Tendo em vista a nova regulamentação na administração pública para contratação de serviços, este artigo tem por objetivo identificaras mudanças e os possíveis reflexos nas contratações por meio da nova normativa, Instrução Normativa -IN nº 05/17, que regulamenta a contratação de serviços na administração pública federal, autárquica e fundacional. Metodologia: Por meio da análise documental, realizou-se um estudo comparativo entre a IN nº 02/08 (revogada) e a Instrução Normativa nº 05/17. Resultados: Como resultado, observou-se que as principais mudanças trazidas pela IN 05/17 estão em sintonia com os pressupostos da administração pública gerencial e societal, na medida em que traz alguns avanços na fase de planejamento, seleção do fornecedor e gestão contratual. Contribuições teóricas: Pelo estudo, observa-se que as normativas que vem sendo implantadas na administração pública não busca superar o modelo burocrático, mas sim flexibilizá-lo na medida de melhor atender os anseios da sociedade. Contribuições práticas: Permitir aos gestores públicos uma reflexão sobre os principais impactos na terceirização e fiscalização de contratos na administração pública.
Experiential materialism? An essay on the development of materialism from the behavior of publication related to experiential consumption
Authors: Floriano Mikaela Daiane Prestes , Silva Andressa Hennig
Published: April 2020

This essay aims to discuss the development of materialistic consumption of experience from the behavior of publications related to consumption on digital social networks. Approach: Extensive survey and analysis in the literature of topics related to materialism and its particularities, existing concepts for the consumption of experience and the implications of technology in consumer practices. Results: The materialism that was previously achieved by the material purchases exhibition in physical environments is currently made from virtual disclosures, which made any kind of purchase susceptible to this behavior development and giving signs of the constitution of what was sought to be called materialism experiential. Academic contributions -This essay may contribute to the development of new studies that seek to test and understand the relationships of specific materialism of social networks in different contexts and from the perspective of different areas of knowledge, to the point that it becomes possible to offer subsidies for new understandings about materialism and digital platforms as a trans-forming aspect of human behavior.
Detection of Disease-Specific Parent Cells Via Distinct Population of Nano-Vesicles by Machine Learning
Authors: Thakur Abhimanyu , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Panda Bishnupriya , Sweta Kumari , Majhi Babita
Published: April 2020

Background:

The diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions, such as age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) and cancer still need improvement. AMD is primarily caused due to the dysfunction of
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), whereas endothelial cells (ECs) play one of the major roles in angiogenesis; an
important process which occurs in malignant progression of cancer. Several reports suggested the augmented
release of nano-vesicles under pathological conditions, including from RPE as well as cancer-associated ECs,
which take part in various biological processes, including intercellular communication in disease progression.
Importantly, these nano-vesicles are around 30-1000 nm and carry the fingerprint of their initiating parent cells
(IPCs). Therefore, these nano-vesicles could be utilized as the diagnostic tool for AMD and cancer, respectively.
However, the analysis of nano-vesicles for biomarker study is confounded by their extensive heterogeneous nature.

Methods:

To confront this challenge, we utilized artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning (ML) algorithms
such as support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree model on the dataset of nano-vesicles from RPE
and ECs cell lines with low dimensionality.

Results:

Overall, Gaussian SVM demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy of the IPCs of nano-vesicles,
among all the chosen SVM classifiers. Additionally, the bagged tree showed the highest prediction among the
chosen decision tree-based classifiers.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the overall bagged tree showed the best performance for the prediction of IPCs of nanovesicles,
suggesting the applicability of AI-based prediction approach in diagnosis and prognosis of pathological
conditions, including non-invasive liquid biopsy via various biofluids-derived nano-vesicles.
Human Papillomavirus Selected Properties and Related Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues
Authors: Balmagambetova Saule , Tinelli Andrea , Mynbaev Ospan A. , Koyshybaev Arip , Urazayev Olzhas , Kereyeva Nurgul , Ismagulova Elnara
Published: April 2020

High-risk human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to the infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions: the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology, currently available are presented. Issues of availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the screening programs, as well as vaccination strategies, are also reviewed in the article based on the analyzed sources. The current point of view regarding HPV is discussed with emphasis on the most problematic aspect of the HPV family concerning the observed increasing number of highly carcinogenic types. Present trends in HPV infection diagnostics throughout the human fluids and tissues are also reported, including the latest novelties in this field, such as HPV assay/self-sample device combinations. Besides, a brief outline of the related prevention issues in Kazakhstan, the leading country of Central Asia, is presented. Kazakhstan, as one of the post-soviet middle-income countries, may serve as an example of the current situation in those terrains, concerning the implementation of globally accepted cervical cancer prevention strategies. Along with positive achievements, such as the development of a nationwide screening program, a range of drawbacks is also analyzed and discussed.
Anodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Rafoxanide on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Radi Abd-Elgawad , El-samboskany Hassan
Published: April 2020

Background:

Rafoxanide (RFX) is an active agent against Fasciola hepatica, but it is
prohibited for treatment of dairy animals whose milk is provided for human consumption.

Objective:

A reliable, fast, and simple method needs to be developed to monitor RFX residues in
milk samples before distribution to consumers.

Methods:

In this work, the electrochemical
oxidation of RFX was studied at glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) in Britton-Robinson buffer (BR)
solutions over the pH range 2.0-12.0 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV). The oxidation of the drug was accomplished in a single irreversible,
adsorption-controlled step within the pH range 4.0-9.0. Therefore, the application of GCE for a
sensitive and selective quantification of RFX by adsorptive stripping voltammetry was reported.
The accumulation of the analyte was performed in Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5.0) at a potential
of -0.3 V (vs. Ag-AgCl-KClsat) for 300 s and the measurement was carried out, after medium
exchange, in BR solution of pH 7.0 using DPV.

Result and Conclusion:

This format was
satisfactorily applied for the determination of RFX in bovine milk. Limit of detection (LOD) of
1.25 µg kg -1 of milk and mean recoveries of 97.8 to 107.5% were achieved.
Molecular Profiling of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells and their Application for Drug Safety Study
Authors: Matsui Toshikatsu , Miyamoto Norimasa , Saito Fumiyo , Shinozawa Tadahiro
Published: April 2020

Drug-induced toxicity remains one of the leading causes of discontinuation of the drug candidate
and post-marketing withdrawal. Thus, early identification of the drug candidates with the potential
for toxicity is crucial in the drug development process. With the recent discovery of human-
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) and the establishment of the differentiation protocol of human
iPSC into the cell types of interest, the differentiated cells from human iPSC have garnered much attention
because of their potential applicability in toxicity evaluation as well as drug screening, disease
modeling and cell therapy. In this review, we expanded on current information regarding the feasibility
of human iPSC-derived cells for the evaluation of drug-induced toxicity with a focus on human iPSCderived
hepatocyte (iPSC-Hep), cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CMs) and neurons (iPSC-Neurons). Further, we
CSAHi, Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells, reported our gene expression profiling
data with DNA microarray using commercially available human iPSC-derived cells (iPSC-Hep,
iPSC-CMs, iPSC-Neurons), their relevant human tissues and primary cultured human cells to discuss
the future direction of the three types of human iPSC-derived cells.
An Insight into the Current Perspective and Potential Drug Targets for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL)
Authors: Mansuri Rani , Singh Jagbir , Diwan Anupama
Published: April 2020

Leishmaniasis is one of the six entities on the list of most important diseases of the World
Health Organization/Tropical Disease Research (WHO/TDR). After Malaria, it is one of the most
prevalent and lethal parasitic diseases. VL is the fatal form of this disease, especially if left untreated.
The drugs that are currently available for the treatment of VL are expensive, toxic, or no longer effective,
especially in endemic regions. Currently, no vaccine has been developed to immunize humans
against VL. The major problems with the current drugs are the development of resistance and their
adverse effects. Therefore, there is a strong urge to research and design drugs that have better efficacies
and low toxicities as compared to current chemotherapeutic drugs. Leishmania has various enzymes
involved in its metabolic pathways, which are unique to either the same genus or trypanosomatids,
making them a very suitable, attractive and novel target sites for drug development. One of the
significant pathways unique to trypanosomatids is the thiol metabolism pathway, which is involved in
the maintenance of redox homeostasis as well as protection of the parasite in the macrophage from oxidative
stress-induced damage. In this review the several pathways, their essential enzymes as well as
the proposed changes in the parasites due to drug resistance have been discussed to help to understand
the most suitable drug target. The thiol metabolism pathway is discussed in detail, providing evidence
of this pathway being the most favorable choice for drug targeting in VL.
Immune Checkpoint Regulators: A New Era Toward Promising Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shaaban Mohammed , Othman Heba , Ibrahim Takwa , Ali Mariam , Abdelmoaty Mohamed , Abdel-Kawi Abdel-Rahman , Mostafa Ahmed , El Nakeeb Aya , Emam Heba , Refaat Alaa
Published: April 2020

During the last century, our battle against cancer has been inaugurated upon three main
approaches; surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The latest findings on the effectiveness of immunotherapy
in cancer management offer a ray of hope after decades of research and studies on the best
treatment methods. Immunotherapy has proven effective in the surveillance and destruction of cancer-
causing cells, demonstrating its ability to suppress cancer through controlling the wellestablished
immune-editing process. Immuno-editing is a process that comprises three principal elements;
elimination, equilibrium, and escape, and is paramount to the comprehension of checkpoint
inhibition. Cancer cells employ various approaches to evade the elimination step leading to its immune-
escape. The escape mechanism encompasses the up-regulation of negative co-signals that
block successful activation of cancer-eradicating immune cells, developing cytokine background that
favors the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), or dropping the expression of tumor-
specific proteins known as neo-antigens, therefore reducing the immunogenic activity against
cancer cells. Today, checkpoint inhibitors are considered as a primary approach in our fight against
cancer. Strategies targeting the inhibitory roles of checkpoint inhibitors have been shown effective
against different cancer types and stages, and some already gained the FDA’s approval. This review
seeks to comprehensively cover the historical background as well as the most recent updates for the
role of immune checkpoint regulators in the maintenance of immune homeostatic balance as well as
keeping the tumorigenic cells in check.
Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer’s Vaccine
Authors: Kabir Md. Tanvir , Uddin Md. Sahab , Mathew Bijo , Das Pankoj Kumar , Perveen Asma , Ashraf Ghulam Md.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language.

Objective:

In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine.

Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine’s immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation.

Conclusion:

Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.
Ketamine Treatment in Depression: A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics Predicting Symptom Improvement
Authors: Lowe Darby J.E. , Müller Daniel J. , George Tony P.
Published: April 2020

Ketamine has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of depression, specifically
among individuals who do not respond to first-line treatments. There is still, however, a lack of clarity
surrounding the clinical features and response periods across samples that respond to ketamine. This
paper systematically reviews published randomized controlled trials that investigate ketamine as an antidepressant
intervention in both unipolar and bipolar depression to determine the specific clinical features
of the samples across different efficacy periods. Moreover, similarities and differences in clinical characteristics
associated with acute versus longer-term drug response are discussed. Similarities across all
samples suggest that the population that responds to ketamine’s antidepressant effect has experienced
chronic, long-term depression, approaching ketamine treatment as a “last resort”. Moreover, differences
between these groups suggest future research to investigate the potential of stronger efficacy towards
depression in the context of bipolar disorder compared to major depression, and in participants who undergo
antidepressant washout before ketamine administration. From these findings, suggestions for the
future direction of ketamine research for depression are formed.
Aiming at Ideal Therapeutics-MOPr/DOPr or MOPr-DOPr Heteromertargeting Ligand
Authors: Fujita Wakako
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective:

The recent alarming reports related to “opioid crisis” necessitate
the development of safer and effective analgesics without unwanted side effects. Thus, there needs
to be an alternative target or strategy for the development of drugs for the treatment of opioid
use/abuse. As one of the novel targets, in these two decades, ligands targeting opioid receptor “heteromerization”
including mu-opioid receptor (MOPr)-delta opioid receptor (DOPr) heteromer have been
proposed and the pharmacological advancement of reduced side effects has been broadly accepted and
well recognized. In this review, some of the ligands targeting both MOPr and DOPr or MOPr-DOPr
heteromers are introduced especially focusing on their pharmacological effects in vivo.

Conclusion:

It has been found that most of those ligands possess potent antinociceptive activity (as
much as or higher than that of morphine) with reduced side effects such as tolerance. In addition, some
of them are also able to reduce or prevent physiological withdrawal symptoms observed under chronic
opioid use. Importantly, there are an increasing number of evidence that show changes in heteromer
expression in various pathological animal models and these strongly argue for targeting heteromers for
the development of the next generation of pain medication in the near future.
In silico and in vitro Studies of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Effective Antibacterial Agents against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Hodyna Diana , Kovalishyn Vasyl , Semenyuta Ivan , Blagodatny Volodymyr , Rogalsky Sergiy , Metelytsia Larysa
Published: April 2020

Background:

Escherichia coli especially its multiresistant strains as the common foodborne
pathogens cause bloodstream infections, nosocomial pneumonia, infections of the skin and
soft tissues. Therefore, the search for new effective biologically active compounds has been rapidly
increasing in recent few decades. In this paper, we describe Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships
(QSAR) studies, molecular docking and in vitro antibacterial activity evaluation of a series
of imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids (ILs) against E. coli spp.

Methods:

M2D fragment-based, classification and regression QSAR models were created using machine
learning methods and types of descriptors via the OCHEM server. Biological testing of a series
of synthesized imidazolium ILs with predicted activity was performed by the disc diffusion
method. The most typical structures of symmetric and asymmetric ILs with high anti-E. coli activity
(1e, 1h) were docked into the active site of Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (ENR) in E.
coli.

Results:

Symmetric imidazolium ILs with C8 alkyl chain length demonstrated the highest antibacterial
activity in comparison to the high antibacterial potential of asymmetric ILs with C12 alkyl
chain length against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant E. coli strains including hemolytic E. coli. It
should be noted that symmetric ILs with C6 or C9 alkyl chain length have a slightly lower activity
against certain E. coli strains. The key role in the binding of compounds (1e, 1h) in the E. coli ENR
active site is associated with the NAD molecule and the amino acid residue Tyr146.

Conclusion:

The highly active symmetric and asymmetric imidazolium ILs can be considered as
promising drug-candidates effective against E. coli spp. pathogens including multidrug-resistant
strains.
Hispidin and Lepidine E: Two Natural Compounds and Folic Acid as Potential Inhibitors of 2019-novel Coronavirus Main Protease (2019-nCoVMpro), Molecular Docking and SAR Study
Authors: Serseg Talia , Benarous Khedidja , Yousfi Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Background:

2019-nCoVis, a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified in 2019 in
the city of Wuhan, China. On February 17, 2020 and according to the World Health Organization,
71, 429 confirmed cases worldwide were identified, among them 2162 new cases were recorded in
the last 24 hours. One month later, the confirmed cases jumped to 179111, with 11525 new cases in
the last 24 hours, with 7426 total deaths. No drug or vaccine is present at the moment for human
and animal coronavirus.

Methods:

The inhibition of 3CL hydrolase enzyme provides a promising therapeutic principle for
developing treatments against CoViD-19. The 3CLpro (Mpro) is known for involving in counteracting
the host innate immune response.

Results:

This work presents the inhibitory effect of some natural compounds against 3CL hydrolase
enzyme, and explains the main interactions in inhibitor-enzyme complex. Molecular docking study
was carried out using Autodock Vina. By screening several molecules, we identified three candidate
agents that inhibit the main protease of coronavirus. Hispidin, lepidine E, and folic acid are
bound tightly in the enzyme, therefore strong hydrogen bonds have been formed (1.69-1.80Å) with
the active site residues.

Conclusion:

This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for CoViD-19.
Promising Strategies for Overcoming BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Based on Known Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Li Qing-Shan , Shen Bang-Nian , Xu Hua-Jian , Ruan Ban-Feng
Published: April 2020

Background:

Almost 50% of metastatic melanomas harbor BRAF mutations. Since 2011, BRAF
inhibitors have exhibited striking clinical benefits in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. Unfortunately, their
therapeutic effects are often temporary. The resistance mechanisms vary and can be broadly classified as MAPK
reactivation-dependent and -independent. Elucidation of these resistance mechanisms provides new insights into
strategies for overcoming resistance. Indeed, several alternative treatment strategies, including changes in the
mode of administration, combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and immunotherapy have been verified as
beneficial to BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma patients.

Prospect:

In this review, we discuss promising strategies for overcoming drug resistance and highlighting the
prospects for discovering strategies to counteract BRAF inhibitor resistance.
Crude Methanol Extract of Rosin Gum Exhibits Specific Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cells via Apoptosis Induction
Authors: El-Hallouty Salwa M. , Soliman Ahmed A.F. , Nassrallah Amr , Salamatullah Ahmad , Alkaltham Mohammed S. , Kamal Khaled Y. , Hanafy Eman A. , Gaballa Hanan S. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A.M.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Rosin (Colophony) is a natural resin derived from species of the pine family Pinaceae.
It has wide industrial applications including printing inks, photocopying paper, adhesives and varnishes, soap
and soda. Rosin and its derivatives are employed as ingredients in various pharmaceutical products such as
ointments and plasters. Rosin-based products contain allergens that may exert some occupational health problems
such as asthma and contact dermatitis.

Objective:

Our knowledge of the pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of rosin is limited. The current study
aims at investigating the cytotoxic potential of Rosin-Derived Crude Methanolic Extract (RD-CME) and elucidation
of its mode-of-action against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231).

Methods:

Crude methanol extract was prepared from rosin. Its phenolic contents were analyzed by Reversed-
Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH
radical-scavenging assay. Antiproliferation activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cancerous cells was investigated
by MTT assay; its potency compared with doxorubicin as positive control and specificity were assessed
compared to two non-cancerous cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12F). Selected apoptosis protein markers were
assayed by western blotting. Cell cycle analysis was performed by Annexin V-FITC/PI FACS assay.

Results:

RD-CME exhibited significant and selective cytotoxicity against the two tested breast cancer cells
(MCF-7 and MDA-MB231) compared to normal cells as revealed by MTT assay. ELISA and western blotting
indicated that the observed antiproliferative activity of RD-CME is mediated via the engagement of an intrinsic
apoptosis signaling pathway, as judged by enhanced expression of key pro-apoptotic protein markers (p53, Bax
and Casp 3) relative to vehicle solvent-treated MCF-7 control cells.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the medicinal anticancer and antioxidant
potential of crude methanolic extract derived from colophony rosin. We provided evidence that RD-CME exhibits
strong antioxidant and anticancer effects. The observed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 is proposed to take
place via G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Colophony resin has a great potential to join the arsenal of plantderived
natural anticancer drugs. Further thorough investigation of the potential cytotoxicity of RD-CME
against various cancerous cell lines is required to assess the spectrum and potency of its novel activity.
Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kandikattu Hemanth K. , Venkateshaiah Sathisha U. , Mishra Anil
Published: April 2020

Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
Numerical Computational Study of Photoacoustic Signals from Eye Models to Detect Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: ElGohary Sherif H. , Azab Shaimaa A. , Metwally Mohamed K. , Hassan Noha S.
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is essential in clinical ophthalmology as it may prevent sight degradation. In this paper, a complete Photoacoustic (PA) analysis is implemented to detect DR in three different eye models representing a healthy eye as well as two abnormal eyes exhibiting Non-Proliferative Retinopathy (NPDR), and Proliferative Retinopathy (PDR)

Methods & Materials:

Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the interaction of a 0.8 ns duration laser pulse with eye tissues at 750 nm wavelength. Thermal, structural and acoustical analyses were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

Results:

The results showed that there is a significant change in the amplitude of the detected PA signal for abnormal eye tissues in the retina (P < 0.05) as compared to healthy eye tissues. The maximum amplitude of the received PA signal in the NPDR and the PDR eye models is 5% and 33%, respectively, which are greater than those observed in the healthy eye.

Conclusion:

These results may provide insights into using PA imaging to detect DR.
Recent Updates in the Alzheimer’s Disease Etiopathology and Possible Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review of Current Clinical Trials
Authors: Zarini-Gakiye Elahe , Amini Javad , Sanadgol Nima , Vaezi Gholamhassan , Parivar Kazem
Published: April 2020

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent subtype of incurable neurodegenerative dementias and its etiopathology is still not clearly elucidated.

Objective:

Outline the ongoing clinical trials (CTs) in the field of AD, in order to find novel master regulators.

Methods:

We strictly reviewed all scientific reports from Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases from January 2010 to January 2019. The search terms were “Alzheimer's disease” or “dementia” and “medicine” or “drug” or “treatment” and “clinical trials” and “interventions”. Manuscripts that met the objective of this study were included for further evaluations.

Results:

Drug candidates have been categorized into two main groups including antibodies, peptides or hormones (such as Ponezumab, Interferon β-1a, Solanezumab, Filgrastim, Levemir, Apidra, and Estrogen), and naturally-derived ingredients or small molecules (such as Paracetamol, Ginkgo, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazo, and Ritalin-SR). The majority of natural candidates acted as anti-inflammatory or/and anti-oxidant and antibodies exert their actions via increasing amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance or decreasing Tau aggregation. Among small molecules, most of them that are present in the last phases act as specific antagonists (Suvorexant, Idalopirdine, Intepirdine, Trazodone, Carvedilol, and Risperidone) or agonists (Dextromethorphan, Resveratrol, Brexpiprazole) and frequently ameliorate cognitive dysfunctions.

Conclusion:

The presences of a small number of candidates in the last phase suggest that a large number of candidates have had an undesirable side effect or were unable to pass essential eligibility for future phases. Among successful treatment approaches, clearance of Aβ, recovery of cognitive deficits, and control of acute neuroinflammation are widely chosen. It is predicted that some FDA-approved drugs, such as Paracetamol, Risperidone, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazoand, and Ritalin-SR, could also be used in off-label ways for AD. This review improves our ability to recognize novel treatments for AD and suggests approaches for the clinical trial design for this devastating disease in the near future.
A Novel Two-phase Soft Starter Used for Three-phase Asynchronous Motors
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Dang Hongshe
Published: April 2020

Background:

Traditional thyristor-based three-phase soft starters of induction motor often
suffer from high starting current and heavy harmonics. Moreover, both the trigger pulse generation
and driving circuit design are usually complicated.

Methods:

To address these issues, we propose a novel soft starter structure using fully controlled
IGBTs in this paper. Compared to approaches of traditional design, this structure only uses twophase
as the input, and each phase is controlled by a power module that is composed of one IGBT
and four diodes.

Results:

Consequently, both driving circuit and control design are greatly simplified due to the requirement
of fewer controlled power semiconductor switches, which leads to the reduction of the
total cost.

Conclusion:

Both Matlab/Simulink simulation results and experimental results on a prototype
demonstrate that the proposed soft starter can achieve better performances than traditional thyristorbased
soft starters for Starting Current (RMS) and harmonics.
Thelephora dominicana (Agaricomycetes, Fungi), un nuevo registro para México
Authors: Uitzil-Colli Michael Oswaldo , Pinzón Juan P. , Guzmán-Dávalos Laura
Published: April 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Thelephora pertenece a Thelephoraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota y corresponde a hongos ectomicorrizógenos, de los que se conocen al menos 50 especies alrededor del mundo. De ellas, 28 se encuentran en ecosistemas tropicales y subtropicales; no obstante, se considera que han sido escasamente estudiadas en los trópicos. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en contribuir al conocimiento de los teleforáceos tropicales presentes en una zona relativamente no explorada desde el punto de vista micológico en México, como lo es el estado de Yucatán.
Métodos: La recolecta se realizó en una selva mediana subcaducifolia al sur del estado de Yucatán, en el municipio Tekax, durante la temporada de lluvias de agosto-diciembre 2017 y de junio-agosto 2018. El material revisado se caracterizó macromorfológicamente a partir de ejemplares frescos, y micromorfológicamente mediante la observación al microscopio óptico de los basidiomas. Los ejemplares se encuentran depositados en los herbarios IBUG y UADY.
Resultados clave: Thelephora dominicana solo se conocía de República Dominicana, por lo cual este registro amplía su rango de distribución. Se comenta su potencial asociación ecológica con especies de Fabaceae y Polygonaceae, en particular con Coccoloba spp. y Gymnopodium floribundum. Para México, únicamente se habían registrado nueve especies de este género. Thelephora dominicana constituye la décima especie mexicana y la séptima procedente del neotrópico mexicano. Para la península de Yucatán se conocía T. cervicornis, por lo que es la segunda especie en reportarse para la región.
Conclusiones: Se reporta por primera vez para la micobiota mexicana a Thelephora dominicana y por segunda ocasión a nivel mundial.
COMPARATIVE TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE: EXCLUSIVE AND EXORBITANT CIVIL JURISDICTION IN BRAZIL, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: JUNIOR Augusto Jaeger , BARCELLOS Nicole Rinaldi de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis study aims to explore the rules on the jurisdiction of courts in the Brazilian, North-American and European Union legal systems, and their reasonableness, in order to determine if they contain characteristics of exorbitance and exclusivity in the exercise of jurisdiction, and to compare them. Legislators in different legal orders tend to enact norms with comprehensive grounds for jurisdiction, with the intention of protection of their own interests, which are not always consistent with the best interest of the parties or the proximity of the case with the forum. To develop the mentioned objectives, the study was divided into two parts. In the first section, the general and special rules of jurisdiction in the Brazilian, North-American and European Union legal systems are explored. In the second section, the exorbitance and exclusivity of jurisdiction are analyzed, in order to propose a comparison between the three systems. In the study, we identified exorbitant and exclusive jurisdiction rules in all legal systems analyzed, which have negative consequences on the access to justice of individuals. Rules on jurisdiction should be instruments for the promotion of transnational justice and therefore exorbitant and exclusive rules on jurisdiction should be limited.KEYWORDS:International civil procedure; International civil jurisdiction; Reasonable jurisdiction; Exclusive and exorbitant civil jurisdiction. RESUMO Este estudo pretende explorar as regras de jurisdição internacional nos sistemas jurídicos do Brasil, dos Estados Unidos da América e da União Europeia, e a sua razoabilidade, com fins de desvendar se eles contêm características de exorbitância e exclusividade no exercício da jurisdição, comparando-as. Legisladores em diferentes ordens jurídicas tendem a promulgar normas com amplos fundamentos para jurisdição, com a intenção de proteger seus próprios interesses, que nem sempre são compatíveis com o melhor interesse das partes ou com a proximidade do caso com o foro. Para desenvolver os objetivos propostos, o estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira seção, são analisadas as regras gerais e especiais de jurisdição dos sistemas jurídicos do Brasil, dos Estados Unidos da América e da União Europeia. Na segunda seção, aborda-se exorbitância e exclusividade da jurisdição, com fins de propor uma comparação entre os três sistemas nesta matéria. Com o estudo, identificamos regras de jurisdição exorbitantes e exclusivas em todos os sistemas legais analisados, que possuem consequências negativas ao acesso à justiça dos indivíduos. As regras sobre a jurisdição devem ser instrumentos para apromoção da justiça transnacional e, portanto, as regras exorbitantes e exclusivas sobre jurisdição devem ser limitadas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Processo civil internacional; Jurisdição civil internacional; Jurisdição razoável; Jurisdição civil exclusiva e exorbitante.
A REFORMA DA LEI GERAL DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES E SEUS CONSTITUINTES: RISCOS E OPORTUNIDADES PARA UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À INTERNET E INCLUSÃO DIGITAL NO BRASIL
Authors: POLIDO Fabricio B Pasquot
Published: April 2020

RESUMOO artigo sugere uma avaliação da proposta de reforma da Lei Geral de Telecomunicações de 1997 no Brasil, segundo o Projeto de Lei nº 79/2016, atualmente em tramitação no Congresso Nacional, e sua compatibilidade com o Marco Civil da Internet e objetivos da agenda global digital. Dentre esses objetivos destacamse a universalização do acesso à internet por banda larga de qualidade e a afirmação do direito de acesso à internet como direito humano. Um balanço de efetividade da LGT e escrutínio dos interesses que movem a iniciativa reformadora em curso também se revelam necessários, especialmente em função dos imperativos de transparência e debate público, centrais aos processos democráticos, e da relação indissociável entre políticas de inclusão digital e de transformação digital no Brasil. Qualquer oportunidade de reforma da LGT igualmente exige uma abertura para integração normativa com o Marco Civil, conducente com a promoção de políticas industriais, tecnológicas e de inovação, aptas a apoiar o incremento das bases educacionais e científicas no país.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei Geral de Telecomunicações; Marco Civil da Internet; Agenda Global Digital; Universalização do acesso à internet; Direitos Humanos; Inclusão Digital.  ABSTRACTThe article suggests an evaluation of the current proposed amendment to Brazilian General Telecommunications Law of 1997 by the Bill No. 79/2016, currently pending for approval by the National Congress, and its compatibility with the 2014 ‘Marco Civil da Internet’ and further objectives of the global digital agenda. These objectives include the universalization of Internet access and the affirmation of right to access to the internet as a human right. One should remark the relevance of both an effectiveness’ evaluation of the 1997 Act and the scrutiny of current stakes and lobbies underlying the ongoing legislative initiative, especially in view of pivotal principles of democratic process, such as in transparency and public debate, the inseparable relationship between digital inclusion and digital transformation policies for Brazil. Any opportunity to amend BGTA equally requires the openness toward the normative interplay with Marco Civil da Internet, which may be supportive to the promotion of industrial, technological and innovation policies aimed at increasing of educational and scientific bases in the country. KEYWORDS: General Telecommunications Act; Marco Civil da Internet; Global digital agenda; Universal Internet Access; Human Right; Digital inclusion.
A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA EMPRESA COMO FORMA DE PROTEÇÃO AO EMPREGADO
Authors: PEIXOTO Leonardo Jose , MAIA Cinthia Moneses
Published: April 2020

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar que a função social da empresa pode ser utilizada como fundamento para proteção à parte hipossuficiente da relação trabalhista, o trabalhador. Desse modo, serão estudados alguns aspectos relativos a função social da propriedade e da empresa no segundo capítulo, fazendo um paralelo com o Direito do Trabalho. Logo após, serão analisadas questões específicas ao Direito do Trabalho, como sua origem e o princípio mais importante dessa disciplina, o princípio da proteção ao trabalhador. No último seguimento, serão examinadas as espécies de hipossuficiência a fim de demonstrar que a vulnerabilidade do empregador não é meramente econômica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Função social; Empresa; Hipossuficiência; Trabalhador. ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study is to demonstrate that the social function of company can be used as a basis for protecting the hyposufficient part of the labor relation, the worker. In this way, some aspects related to the social function of property and the company in the first chapter will be studied, paralleling with Labor Law. Subsequently, issues specific to Labor Law will be analyzed, as their origin and the most important principle of this discipline, the principle of worker protection. In the last chapter, the species of hyposufficiency will be examined in order to demonstrate that the vulnerability of the employer is not merely economic.KEYWORDS: Social function; Company; Hypossuficience; Employee.
POLÍTICA CRIMINAL E REEDUCAÇÃO DE AGRESSORES: UMA RESPOSTA ESTATAL PARA A REDUÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: SILVA Artenira Da Silva e , GUIMARÃES Cláudio Alberto Gabriel , BARBOSA Gabriella Sousa da Silva
Published: April 2020

RESUMOA Lei nº 11.340/2006 – Lei Maria da Penha –, fruto de uma condenação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos ao Brasil, possui natureza marcadamente penal. Ocorre que a punição penal estatal, entendida apenas como a determinação de prisão do agressor, nos casos de violência doméstica, não vem encontrando efetiva resposta social quanto à diminuição dos casos albergados pela lei. Tal inefetividade está pautada, dentre outros fatores, às origens, complexidade e especificidades da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher no seio da sociedade. Nesse sentido, buscou-se a utilização da previsão legal de comparecimento do agressor a programas de recuperação e reeducação como a principal medida de urgência a ser deferida como mecanismo efetivamente capaz de diminuir a reincidência de agressores de violência de gênero, inclusive de fato possibilitando que eles compreendam o caráter criminoso de atos de violência contra a mulher em detrimento do que culturalmente introjetaram. Para tanto, foram utilizadas como procedimentos metodológicos as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lei Maria da Penha; Medida Protetiva de Urgência; Patriarcado; Reeducação; Agressor. ABSTRACT The Act n.º 11.340/2006 – Maria da Penha's Law –is the result of a Inter-American Court of Human Rights' rule against Brazil and it has a noticeably criminal nature. The fact is that the state criminal punishment for gender domestic violence only considers punishmnt as the determination of the aggressor's arrest. In cases of domestic violence this understanding has not achieved effective social response towards the reduction of the cases ruled by the above mentioned law. Such ineffectiveness is based, among other factors, on the origins, complexity and specificities of domestic and family violence against women in different societies. In this regard the aggressor's attendance to recovery and re-education programs must be considered as the main urgent measure to be deferred as a mechanism effectively capable of reducing the recidivism of aggressors of gender-based violence, making it possible for the perpetrators do actually understand violence against women as crimes even though they have culturally assimilated these acts as being normal. For this, were used as methodological procedures the bibliographic and documentary researches. KEYWORDS: Maria da Penha's Law; Urgent Protective Measures; Patriarchate; Reeducation; Aggressor.
SENTIDOS DA MATERNIDADE NA PRISÃO: UM ESTUDO EMPÍRICO NA COLÔNIA PENAL FEMININA DE BUÍQUE/PE
Authors: CARDOSO Fernando Da Silva , GONZAGA Maria Simone
Published: April 2020

RESUMOO presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas intersecções construídas sobre o sentido da maternidade no cárcere, perfazendo o quadro acerca das condições femininas com base do cotidiano investigado. De abordagem qualitativa, esta pesquisa empírica articula algumas categorias analíticas extraídas da investigação a partir da técnica de Análise do Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados apresentados neste estudo indicam que o estabelecimento prisional estudado nega e/ou exclui a condição de “ser mãe/mulher” no cárcere por meio de processos que a despersonalizam e que subalternizam seus direitos reprodutivos. Conclui-se também que a maternidade é exercida a partir de meras regras de punição e/ou administração do espaço carcerário, sendo, mãe e criança, um mesmo corpo abjeto e objetificado neste espaço. Ainda, a pesquisa aponta que instrumentos importantes para a vivência dos direitos reprodutivos de mulheres mães presas, neste caso a Lei nº 11.942/2009, não tem alcançado repercussão no sistema carcerário, e, assim, garantias relacionadas à permanência do(a) filho(a) com a mãe, sobre o aleitamento, a preparação e a separação entre mães e bebês e outros aspectos base são instrumentalizados a partir do subjetivismo dos(as) agentes estatais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direitos reprodutivos; Cárcere; Maternidade; Violações. ABSTRACTThus, this article aims to present some built intersections on sense of motherhood in prison, making the picture about women's conditions on the basis of the investigated daily. Qualitative approach, this study articulates some extracted analytical categories of research from the content analysis technique (Bardin, 2011). The results presented in this study indicate that the studied prison deny and / or preclude the condition of “being a mother/woman” in prison through processes that depersonalize and exclude their reproductive rights. It also concludes that motherhood is exercised from mere rules of punishment and/or administration of the prison space, being, mother and child, the same body abject and objectified in this space. Still, the research shows that important instruments for the life of the reproductive rights of women imprisoned mothers, in this case the Law nº. 11.942 / 2009, has not reached repercussion in the prison system, and thus guarantees related to the permanence of (a) child (a) with the mother on breastfeeding, preparation and separation of mothers and babies and other basic aspects are instrumentalized from the subjectivism of (the) state actors. KEYWORDS: Reproductive rights; Prison; Maternity; Violations.