bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of War-Destroyed Buildings from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Yue , Zhang Shufeng
Published: February 2025

Modern high-intensity armed conflicts often lead to extensive damage to urban infrastructure. The use of high-resolution remote sensing images can clearly detect damage to individual buildings which is of great significance for monitoring war crimes and damage assessments that destroy civilian infrastructure indiscriminately. In this paper, we propose SOCA-YOLO (Sampling Optimization and Coordinate Attention–YOLO), an automatic detection method for destroyed buildings in high-resolution remote sensing images based on deep learning techniques. First, based on YOLOv8, Haar wavelet transform and convolutional blocks are used to downsample shallow feature maps to make full use of spatial details in high-resolution remote sensing images. Second, the coordinate attention mechanism is integrated with C2f so that the network can use the spatial information to enhance the feature representation earlier. Finally, in the feature fusion stage, a lightweight dynamic upsampling strategy is used to improve the difference in the spatial boundaries of feature maps. In addition, this paper obtained high-resolution remote sensing images of urban battlefields through Google Earth, constructed a dataset for the detection of objects on buildings, and conducted training and verification. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the detection accuracy of destroyed buildings, and the method is used to map destroyed buildings in cities such as Mariupol and Volnovaja where violent armed conflicts have occurred. The results show that deep learning-based object detection technology has the advantage of fast and accurate detection of destroyed buildings caused by armed conflict, which can provide preliminary reference information for monitoring war crimes and assessing war losses.
Multi-Function Working Mode Recognition Based on Multi-Feature Joint Learning
Authors: Liu Lei , Wu Minghua , Cheng Dongyang , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

With advancements in phased array and cognitive technologies, the adaptability of modern multifunction radars (MFRs) has significantly improved, enabling greater flexibility in waveform parameters and beam scheduling. However, these enhancements have made it increasingly difficult to establish fixed relationships between working modes using traditional radar recognition methods. Furthermore, conventional approaches often exhibit limited robustness and computational efficiency in complex or noisy environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a joint learning framework based on a hybrid model combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers for MFR working mode recognition. This hybrid model leverages the local convolution operations of the CNN module to extract local characters from radar pulse sequences, capturing the dynamic patterns of radar waveforms across different modes. Simultaneously, the multi-head attention mechanism in the Transformer module models long-range dependencies within the sequences, capturing the “semantic information” of waveform scheduling intrinsic to MFR behavior. By integrating characters across multiple levels, the hybrid model effectively recognizes MFR working modes. This study used the data of the Mercury MFR for modeling and simulation, and proved through a large number of experiments that the proposed hybrid model can achieve robust and reliable identification of advanced MFR working modes even in complex electromagnetic environments.
Estimation of Near-Surface High Spatiotemporal Resolution Ozone Concentration in China Using Himawari-8 AOD
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Gong Chongshui , Dong Li , Huang Yue
Published: February 2025

Near-surface ozone is a secondary pollutant, and its high concentrations pose significant risks to human and plant health. Based on an Extra Tree (ET) model, this study estimated near-surface ozone concentrations with the high spatiotemporal resolution based on Himawari-8 aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and meteorological variables from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was employed to evaluate the contribution of AOD and meteorological factors on ozone concentration. The results indicate that (1) the ET model achieves a sample-based cross-validation R2 of 0.75–0.87 and an RMSE (μg/m3) of 17.96–20.30. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of the model in spring, summer, autumn, and winter are 0.81, 0.80, 0.87, and 0.75, respectively. (2) Higher temperature and boundary layer heights were found to positively contribute to ozone concentration, whereas higher relative humidity exerted a negative influence. (3) From 11:00 to 15:00 (Beijing time, UTC+08:00), ozone concentration increases gradually, with the highest occurring in the summer, followed by spring. This study has obtained high spatial and temporal resolution ozone concentration data, offering valuable insights for the development of fine-scale ozone pollution prevention and control strategies.
Gain-Switched Ho:YAP Laser with a 6.7 ns Pulse Duration at 2117 nm
Authors: Goldfisher David , Nahear Rotem , Suliman Neria , Bach Yechiel , Noach Salman
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates, for the first time, an innovative gain-switched Ho:YAP laser designed for laser distance measurement and remote sensing applications. The laser operates at a wavelength of 2117 nm, well positioned within the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) atmospheric transmission window of between 2.1 and 2.5 µm. The laser delivers short pulse durations of 6.7 ns, and pulse energies of 0.645 mJ, allowing for an enhanced range and improved resolution. The Ho:YAP laser is pumped by a passively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser, resulting in a compact and energy-efficient system suitable for various sensing applications in precise distance measurement and environmental gas detection.
Enhancing Microservice Security Through Vulnerability-Driven Trust in the Service Mesh Architecture
Authors: Alboqmi Rami , Gamble Rose F.
Published: February 2025

Cloud-native computing enhances the deployment of microservice architecture (MSA) applications by improving scalability and resilience, particularly in Beyond 5G (B5G) environments such as Sixth-Generation (6G) networks. This is achieved through the ability to replace traditional hardware dependencies with software-defined solutions. While service meshes enable secure communication for deployed MSAs, they struggle to identify vulnerabilities inherent to microservices. The reliance on third-party libraries and modules, essential for MSAs, introduces significant supply chain security risks. Implementing a zero-trust approach for MSAs requires robust mechanisms to continuously verify and monitor the software supply chain of deployed microservices. However, existing service mesh solutions lack runtime trust evaluation capabilities for continuous vulnerability assessment of third-party libraries and modules. This paper introduces a mechanism for continuous runtime trust evaluation of microservices, integrating vulnerability assessments within a service mesh to enhance the deployed MSA application. The proposed approach dynamically assigns trust scores to deployed microservices, rewarding secure practices such as timely vulnerability patching. It also enables the sharing of assessment results, enhancing mitigation strategies across the deployed MSA application. The mechanism is evaluated using the Train Ticket MSA, a complex open-source benchmark MSA application deployed with Docker containers, orchestrated using Kubernetes, and integrated with the Istio service mesh. Results demonstrate that the enhanced service mesh effectively supports dynamic trust evaluation based on the vulnerability posture of deployed microservices, significantly improving MSA security and paving the way for future self-adaptive solutions.
Flexible Hybrid Integration Hall Angle Sensor Compatible with the CMOS Process
Authors: Luo Ye , Fang Youtong , Lv Yang , Zheng Huaxiong , Guan Ke
Published: February 2025

Silicon-based Hall application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips have become very successful, making them ideal for flexible electronic and sensor devices. In this study, we designed, simulated, and tested flexible hybrid integration angle sensors that can be made using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. These sensors are manufactured on a 100 µm-thick flexible polyimide (PI) membrane, which is suitable for large-scale production and has strong potential for industrial use. The Hall sensors have a sensitivity of 0.205 V/mT. Importantly, their sensitivity remains stable even after being bent to a minimum radius of 10 mm and after undergoing 100 bending cycles. The experiment shows that these flexible hybrid integration devices are promising as angle sensors.
Injury Prevention Strategies in Female Football Players: Addressing Sex-Specific Risks
Authors: John George , AlNadwi Ameen , Georges Abi Antoun Tiffany , Ahmetov Ildus I.
Published: February 2025

There has been rapid growth in women’s football worldwide; however, research on injury prevention strategies and physiological considerations specific to female athletes remains insufficient. Women’s football has experienced an increase in injury prevalence, despite being underrepresented in sports literature, with less than 25% of research focused on this demographic. The incidence of injuries, particularly among young elite female footballers, is notably high, impacting long-term health outcomes such as osteoarthritis and contributing to shorter playing careers. Certain injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures, occur at significantly higher rates in women compared to men, underscoring sex-specific risk factors that must be addressed in injury prevention programs (IPPs). This narrative review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IPPs tailored for female football players and to address their heightened susceptibility to injuries compared to males. Research studies and review articles were identified using a literature search of the PubMed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to December 2024. Biological factors, including hormonal influences—such as increased ACL laxity during the menstrual cycle—and musculoskeletal differences, such as muscle strength imbalances, reduced joint stability, and hip weakness, significantly contribute to this increased risk. Despite the existence of injury prevention protocols like FIFA 11+, their consistent application and adaptation to meet the unique needs of female footballers remain limited. In addition to physical injuries, mental health is a critical concern. Female football players exhibit higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to their male counterparts, influenced by factors such as injury-related stress and menstrual cycle variations. In conclusion, the growing participation of women in football highlights the urgent need for research and implementation of injury prevention strategies specifically tailored to female players.
Promoting Sustainable Urban Walkability: A Modified Delphi Study on Key Indicators for Urban Walkability in Gulf Cooperation Council Urban Streets
Authors: Alkrides Bander Fahad
Published: February 2025

The determination of walkability for megacities is critically important, particularly in the context of fostering sustainable urban environments. This paper applies modified Delphi techniques to focus on identifying and prioritizing the key factors influencing urban walkability in large cities. The selected region of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) served as the basis for this research, reflecting its unique socio-cultural and environmental challenges. A panel of local and international experts participated in the study, evaluating and ranking 111 walkability indicators categorized into five groups: cultural, functional, safety, aesthetic, and comfort. Two rounds of the Delphi survey were conducted, to obtain insights from professionals in urban planning, civil engineering, and related fields. The findings emphasize the critical role of sustainability in addressing the extreme nature of the GCC climate, highlighting the need for innovative and climate-responsive pedestrian infrastructure. Safety and environmental considerations were identified as essential for enhancing walkability and contributing to more sustainable and livable cities in the region. The study’s outcomes led to the development of a ‘walkability audit tool’ tailored to Gulf cities, which serves as a strategic guide for policymakers and urban planners to implement sustainable urbanization policies. By addressing the relationship between walkability and sustainability, this research contributes to creating resilient, inclusive, and walkable urban environments that are better equipped to meet the challenges of rapid urbanization and climate adaptation in the GCC region. The results obtained from this study provide actionable insights and practical tools for enhancing walkability and advancing sustainable urban development in the GCC and similar regions globally.
Application of Steel Waste as a Heterogenous Catalyst in Advanced Oxidation Processes—Preliminary Study
Authors: Ziembowicz Sabina , Kida Małgorzata , Sarzyńska Karolina
Published: February 2025

The suitability of steel shavings (SS) as a low-cost waste catalyst in catalytic ozonation and the heterogeneous Fenton process was evaluated. Three dyes were selected for the research: Indigo Carmine, Tartrazine, and Allura Red AC. Single processes (oxidation by H2O2, O3, and heterogeneous Fenton process) and hybrid processes (O3 + Fenton) were applied. The Fenton process had the highest efficiency at pH = 3 and with the highest dose of catalyst (5 mg of SS) and hydrogen peroxide (30 µL). More than 98% discoloration of the solution was observed in 10 min. Analyzing ozone-based processes, they can be ranked with the highest efficiency as follows: (O3 + H2O2 + SS) > (O3 + H2O2) > O3 > (O3 + SS). The combination of the Fenton process (5 mg of SS + 15 µL of H2O2) with ozonation accelerated the reaction rate in the case of Indigo Carmine. In the hybrid process, only 5 min were enough for complete decolorization, while more than 98% in the Fenton process was reached after 30 min. Kinetic studies revealed that the degradation of dyes in an aqueous solution through advanced oxidation processes followed first- and second-order reaction kinetics. The calculation of the energy requirement confirmed that the most economic process for removing Indigo Carmine was the O3+Fenton process (SS dose = 5 mg, H2O2 dose = 15 µL, pH = 3).
From Shoreline to Sea: Evaluating Development Suitability Through Coastal Zoning and a Case Study from Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yu Han , Zhang Fenghao , Yu Hongbing , Li Yu
Published: February 2025

In Shenzhen, as a rapidly developing coastal city, balancing economic activities with ecological protection along the coastline posed significant challenges, particularly during urban expansion and infrastructure construction. This study analyzed coastline zoning, providing valuable lessons for other coastal cities and offering both theoretical and empirical support for more effective coastal management and sustainable development. The findings showed that the suitability zoning of coastlines revealed no clear spatial distribution trend, with most developed areas demonstrating high utilization efficiency, while unused coastlines had the potential for development. Targeted transformation and secondary development could improve resource efficiency while balancing economic and ecological needs. In conclusion, this research supported sustainable development in coastal cities and provided practical insights for others facing similar challenges in coastal management.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Spatial Spillover Effects of Net Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Sun Yi-Jie , Guo Zi-Yu , Zhu Chang-Zheng , Shao Yang , Yang Fei-Peng
Published: February 2025

Scientifically evaluating net carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is the pivotal strategy for mitigating global climate change and fostering sustainable urban development. Shaanxi Province is situated in central China, and boasts robust energy resources in the north and a significant carbon-sink zone in the southern Qinling Mountains. Therefore, uncovering the spatial distributions of net CO2 emissions and identifying its influencing factors across cities in Shaanxi Province would furnish a crucial theoretical foundation for advancing low-carbon development strategies. In this research, the net CO2 emissions of cities in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2020 are calculated using the carbon-emission-factor calculation model, then the Geodetector is utilized to evaluate the single-factor explanatory power and two-factor interactions among the fourteen various influencing variables, and then the spatial econometric model is employed to analyze the spatial spillover effects of these key factors. The results show the following: (1) The net CO2 emissions present significant regional differences among the ten cities of Shaanxi Province, notably Xi’an City, Yulin City, and Weinan City, which have recorded remarkable contributions with the respective totals reaching 72.2593 million tons, 76.3031 million tons, and 58.1646 million tons. (2) Regarding temporal trend changes, the aggregate net CO2 emissions across whole province underwent a marked expansion from 2005 to 2019. Yulin City and Shangluo City exhibit remarkable surges, with respective average annual growth rates soaring at 7.38% and 7.39%. (3) From the perspective of influencing factors, GDP exhibits the most pronounced correlation spanning the entire province. Meanwhile, foreign investment emerges as a significant contributor specifically in Xi’an and Yulin City. Moreover, interaction detection reveals most factor combinations exhibit bi-enhancement, while a few exhibits intricate and non-linear enhancement. (4) The SDM regression and fixed-effect analysis reveal that city GDP had a positive spillover effect on neighboring cities’ net CO2 emission, while investment in scientific research and technology services, along with per capita construction land, exhibit notable negative spillovers, suggesting potential emission reduction benefits across cities.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: A Strategic Plan for Sustainable Entrepreneurial Growth
Authors: Miralam Mohammad Saleh , Qazi Sayeeduzzafar , Ali Inass Salamah , Arafat Mohd Yasir
Published: February 2025

Saudi Vision 2030, a strategic framework aimed at diversifying the economy and enhancing societal inclusivity, aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting gender equality and sustainable economic growth. Sustainability is central to fostering women’s entrepreneurship, as it drives social equity, economic diversification, and innovation, elements which are crucial to sustainable development. While the existing literature has primarily focused on women’s entrepreneurship in the Western world, limited attention has been given to its development in the Global South, particularly in Saudi Arabia. As a nation undergoing transformative social, cultural, and economic shifts, women entrepreneurs play a critical role in aligning entrepreneurial efforts with global sustainability goals. This research investigates the factors influencing Saudi women to become entrepreneurs, specifically examining the factors that inspire or hinder them from creating their own ventures. Drawing upon cognitive and social capital theories, which have proven their soundness in the existing literature, this research utilizes a dataset of 1715 women entrepreneurs analyzed through binomial logistic regression. The findings indicate that social desirability, relational capital, experience as angel investors, age, income, and education significantly increase the likelihood of women’s entrepreneurship. By contextualizing women’s entrepreneurship within Saudi Arabia’s evolving societal and economic landscape, this research highlights their potential as drivers of inclusive growth and sustainable economic empowerment. Furthermore, the research outlines strategies to enhance women’s entrepreneurial participation, contributing both to the entrepreneurship literature and the realization of Saudi Vision 2030.
Revealing the Environmental Footprint of Crepe Rubber Production: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment of a Crepe Rubber Factory in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dunuwila Pasan , Munasinghe Enoka , Rodrigo V. H. L. , Gong Wenjing T. , Daigo Ichiro , Goto Naohiro
Published: February 2025

Natural rubber, a renewable material with unique properties, is crucial for various products on the modern market. Crepe rubber, a versatile form of natural rubber, is widely used in numerous applications, including footwear soles, medical devices, automotive parts, adhesives, sports equipment, industrial components, musical instruments, and recreational products. Sri Lanka holds a prominent position as a leading producer of premium-quality crepe rubber but faces environmental challenges in its production process. Since previous life cycle assessments (LCAs) in the rubber industry are inadequate to capture the overall environmental impact, the present study attempted to address the gaps by conducting a detailed LCA of a Sri Lankan crepe rubber factory, incorporating a novel index termed the trade-off valuation index (TOVI). The research revealed that fertilizer, water, and electricity use contribute most significantly to crepe rubber production’s environmental impact. To mitigate these impacts, four key improvement options were identified and evaluated through scenario analysis: (1) enhancing fertilizer efficiency, (2) repairing leaky joints and valves, (3) implementing a water reuse system, and (4) installing solar panels. The integration of the TOVI allowed for the prioritization of these options, providing actionable insights for industry stakeholders. This study paves the way for targeted interventions to enhance the sustainability of the natural rubber industry by balancing economic viability with environmental stewardship.
Quality of Daylighting in Childcare Facilities: A Comparative Study of Polish Regulations with International Sustainability Rating Systems
Authors: Gorzelewska Wiktoria , Kwieciński Krystian
Published: February 2025

This study examines the quality and availability of daylight in childcare facilities, focusing on compliance with Polish Technical Conditions (TCs) and comparing them with international certification systems such as BREEAM, LEED, and WELL. Polish regulations regarding sunlight exposure require revisions to support the sustainable development of buildings, impacting children’s well-being, their health, and the building’s energy efficiency. Daylight’s significance for children’s health and development underpins the investigation, highlighting its impact on the circadian rhythm, cognitive abilities, and well-being. The research utilized computational simulations with Rhinoceros 7 and Ladybug and Honeybee plugins to model a preschool room’s daylight performance under various window configurations and orientations. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted, focusing on parameters such as Daylight Factor (DF), Daylight Autonomy (DA), and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). The findings revealed that while the TCs’ requirements ensure minimum daylight access, they result in nonoptimal lighting quality as defined by international standards. Almost half of the surveyed rooms in the case with a WFR of one-eighth did not meet the condition for having acceptable daylight levels, as defined in the study. In the same study, only about one-third of the analyzed variants achieved the threshold for good daylight quality. At a WFR of one-eighth, no room variant reached the level considered to indicate excellent daylight quality. The results show the need for revised regulations incorporating comprehensive metrics like Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM). This study suggests that integrating advanced methods of assessing daylight quality could significantly improve daylight conditions in childcare environments. This research is a starting point for discussing the need to modernize the Polish Technical Conditions (TC) to support the sustainable development of childcare facilities in Poland.
Do Positive Environmental Changes Impact Residents’ Intention of Rural Development? Role of Leisure and Quality of Life
Authors: Nguyen-Dinh Nam , Zhang Heng
Published: February 2025

Leisure activities positively impact community development including benefits related to enhancing physical health, improving mental health, developing social skills, encouraging creativity, and enhancing quality of life. However, the relationship between leisure activities’ benefits and residents’ motivation to participate in community building remains little explored. To fill the gap, this study constructed structural equation modeling including positive environment changes, residents’ participation, leisure activities, and improving quality of life. The results found three key implications of positive environmental changes in boosting the intention of community participation, including the following: (1) positive environment changes including making more green space, enhancing the aesthetics of community layout, and building more open spaces significantly boost recreational activity demand; (2) leisure activities and their multifaceted impacts lead to improved quality of life contributing to the residents’ intention of community development; (3) the intention of community development participation is strongly influenced by perceptions of the positive changes in physical landscapes and by the mediating role of leisure activities and benefits of the quality of life. The findings provide insight and perspective for policymakers and planners toward sustainable living environments. Additionally, they emphasize the critical role of diverse, accessible recreational opportunities in enhancing the overall quality of life in dynamic residential contexts.
Enhanced Removal of Acid Orange 7 onto Layered Interleaved Symmetrical 3D Flower-like CeO2 with Y(III) Doping
Authors: Xu Yaohui , Li Yong , Gao Liangjuan , Ding Zhao
Published: February 2025

CeO2 has a potential application in the purification of organic dye wastewater because of the abundant oxygen vacancy (VO) defects in its crystals. In this study, a cubic CeO2 microsphere with layered interleaved symmetrical 3D flower-like morphology was synthesized, and its adsorption capacity for acid orange 7 (AO7) was further enhanced by Y doping. The impact of varying amounts of Y ions on the phase composition, lattice parameters, and morphology of the product was investigated, revealing that 4 mol.% was determined as the doping level limit of Y ions in CeO2 crystals. XPS, Raman, and H2−TPR techniques were employed to compare surface species changes before and after 4 mol.% Y doping in the CeO2 crystals, including O−Ce(III), O−Ce(IV), O−Y(III), and VO correlation, yielding a rough quantitative assessment of these species. The 4 mol.% Y-doped CeO2 (2.0 g/L) demonstrated the highest removal rate for 20 mg/L of AO7 dye within just 20 min to reach adsorption–desorption equilibrium, half the time required by undoped CeO2, achieving an impressive adsorption rate of 94.6%, compared to only 69.5% for undoped CeO2 at 20 min. The adsorption capacity of undoped CeO2 was enhanced by 19.05% through the doping of 4 mol.% Y, achieving a value of 16.56 mg/L. The feasibility of enhancing the adsorption capacity of CeO2 by Y doping provides a reference for the application of CeO2 and other metal oxides.
Biocontrol Activity of New Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates Against Fusaria and Fusarium Mycotoxins
Authors: Krishnan S. Vipin , Anaswara P. A. , Nampoothiri K. Madhavan , Kovács Szilvia , Adácsi Cintia , Szarvas Pál , Király Szabina , Pócsi István , Pusztahelyi Tünde
Published: February 2025

As significant fungal pathogens of crops, Fusaria species contaminate various food and feed commodities. Some of the Fusarium spp. secondary metabolites (e.g., trichothecenes, zearalenone, and fumonisins) are widely known toxic molecules (mycotoxins) with chronic and acute effects on humans and animals. The growing demand for safer, pesticide-free food drives us to increase biological control during crop growing. Recent research suggests that lactic acid bacteria (LABs) as biocontrol are the best choice for extenuating Fusarium mycotoxins. Newly isolated LABs were tested as antifungal agents against Fusarium verticillioides, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum. The characterized and genetically identified LABs belonged to Limosilactobacillus fermentum (SD4) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (FCW4 and CB2) species. All tested LABs and their cell-free culture supernatants showed antagonism on the MRS solid medium. The antifungal activity was also demonstrated on surface-sterilized wheat and peanuts. The germination test of corn kernels proved that the LAB strains SD4 and FCW4 significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced root and shoot development in plantlets while simultaneously suppressing the outgrowth of F. verticillioides. Small-scale corn silage fermentation revealed the significant effects of SD4 supplementation (decreased zearalenone, lower mold count, and total reduction of deoxynivalenol) within the mixed populations.
Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C’s New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z = 0
Authors: Padawer-Blatt Aviv , Shao Zhiwei , Hough Renier T. , Rennehan Douglas , Barré Ruxin , Saeedzadeh Vida , Babul Arif , Davé Romeel , Kobayashi Chiaki , Cui Weiguang , Mernier François , Gozaliasl Ghassem
Published: February 2025

We employ the simba-c cosmological simulation to study the impact of its upgraded chemical enrichment model (Chem5) on the distribution of metals in the intragroup medium (IGrM). We investigate the projected X-ray emission-weighted abundance profiles of key elements over two decades in halo mass (1013≤M500/M⊙≤1015). Typically, simba-c generates lower-amplitude abundance profiles than simba with flatter cores, in better agreement with observations. For low-mass groups, both simulations over-enrich the IGrM with Si, S, Ca, and Fe compared to observations, a trend likely related to inadequate modeling of metal dispersal and mixing. We analyze the 3D mass-weighted abundance profiles, concluding that the lower simba-c IGrM abundances are primarily a consequence of fewer metals in the IGrM, driven by reduced metal yields in Chem5, and the removal of the instantaneous recycling of metals approximation employed by simba. Additionally, an increased IGrM mass in low-mass simba-c groups is likely triggered by changes to the AGN and stellar feedback models. Our study suggests that a more realistic chemical enrichment model broadly improves agreement with observations, but physically motivated sub-grid models for other key processes, like AGN and stellar feedback and turbulent diffusion, are required to realistically reproduce observed group environments.
Cellular Responses of Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) and Its Symbiont to Experimental Heat Stress
Authors: Harman Tyler E. , Barshis Daniel , Salas Briana Hauff , Strychar Kevin B.
Published: February 2025

Climate change has had devastating effects on tropical coral reefs; however, much less is known regarding how heat stress affects temperate coral. This research focuses on Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) collected from Narragansett Bay, RI, during the summer and winter seasons and understanding the effect of experimental thermal extremes (i.e., 26 °C) on seasonally different populations. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), symbiont density (via an inverse relationship with pixel intensity), and oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were measured on symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. poculata. Higher Fv/Fm rates were observed in summer- vs. winter-collected corals (p ≤ 0.05). Lower symbiont density within symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. poculata were observed at elevated temperatures, and higher intensities as well as symbiotic coral were observed in winter compared to the summer collections (p ≤ 0.05). No differences in ROS were observed in host tissue cells, suggesting that ROS produced in the algal symbionts was not translocated into host tissues. Overall, higher ROS concentrations were observed in summer- vs. winter-collected corals (p ≤ 0.05) in both symbiotic states. ROS concentrations were higher in symbiotic compared to aposymbitoic colonies (p ≤ 0.05), albeit no differences were observed between temperature treatments, suggesting that antioxidants mitigate the deleterious effects of ROS on host tissues.
Wave–Structure Interaction Modeling of Transient Flow Around Channel Obstacles and Contractions
Authors: Oodi Shahin , Gohari Saeed , Di Francesco Silvia , Nazari Rouzbeh , Nikoo Mohammad Reza , Heidarian Payam , Eidi Ali , Khoshkonesh Alireza
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of downstream channel obstacles and the lateral transition distance to the dam on dam-break wave evolution as a wave–structure interaction problem. Numerical simulations were conducted using three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and solved using the finite volume method. The model accurately predicted interactions between dam-break waves and downstream structures. The numerical results showed that turbulence intensity increased where the cross-section significantly changed in the downstream channel. Accordingly, transcritical flow and lateral transitions were developed around the dam site. Additionally, reducing the distance of the obstacle to the dam resulted in a significant decrease in wave height and kinetic energy. The transient flow velocity direction changed around the structures, and pressure fluctuations were pronounced. Moreover, the entrainment of air bubbles and the vortex shedding were observed due to the interaction of the wave and downstream structures. The peak discharge in the downstream channel was reduced by increasing the distance of obstacles to the dam. The model successfully captured the flow disturbance, wave reflectance from the sidewalls, and formation of hydraulic jumps. The validation of the model with experimental data in the literature showed that the model performed well in predicting the wave dynamic characteristics around the downstream structures.
Transformer-Driven Algal Target Detection in Real Water Samples: From Dataset Construction and Augmentation to Model Optimization
Authors: Li Liping , Liang Ziyi , Liu Tianquan , Lu Cunyue , Yu Qiuyu , Qiao Yang
Published: February 2025

Algae are vital to aquatic ecosystems, with their structure and abundance influencing ecological health. However, automated detection in real water samples is hindered by complex backgrounds, species diversity, and size variations. Traditional methods are deemed costly and species-specific, leading to deep learning adoption. Current studies rely on CNN-based models and limited datasets. To improve the detection accuracy of multiple algal species in real, complex backgrounds, this study collected multi-species algae samples from actual water environments and implemented an integrated Transformer-based framework for automated localization and recognition of small, medium, and large algae species. Specifically, algae samples from five different regions were collected to construct a comprehensive dataset containing 25 algal species with diverse backgrounds and rich category diversity. To address dataset imbalances in minority species, a segmentation-fusion data augmentation method was proposed, which enhanced performance across YOLO, Faster R-CNN, and Deformable DETR models, with YOLO achieving a 7.1% precision increase and a 1.5% mAP improvement. Model optimization focused on an improved Deformable DETR, incorporating multi-scale feature extraction, deformable attention mechanisms, and the normalized Wasserstein distance loss function. This improvement enhanced small target and overlapping object detection, achieving a 10.4% mAP increase at an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 and outperforming unmodified Deformable DETR.
Nursing Effects of Large-Scale Floating Raft Aquaculture Habitats on Conger myriaster: A Perspective from Marine Ranching
Authors: Yu Jintao , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Shouyu , Cai Pengyu , Mao Jiaxuan , Li Jingjing
Published: February 2025

This study assessed the growth characteristics of Conger myriaster in large-scale floating raft aquaculture habitats and natural habitats. Monthly sampling in aquaculture and control areas, combined with biological and morphological data analyses, were used to investigate the growth, morphological differences, and seasonal distribution of Conger myriaster in different habitats. The results showed that the floating raft aquaculture habitat was dominated by juveniles, with a higher abundance compared to the control areas. The juveniles exhibited favorable levels of growth and ecological performance in the floating raft aquaculture habitat and experienced less environmental stress. This research shows that the floating raft aquaculture habitat provides a critical stage habitat for juvenile Conger myriaster in island reef areas, providing refuge from predation and facilitating juvenile development. The integration of surface floating rafts and bottom-set artificial reefs in marine ranching can create a fisheries model that focuses on the protection of juveniles and the exploitation of adults.
Forecasting the River Ice Break-Up Date in the Upper Reaches of the Heilongjiang River Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Zhi , Han Hongwei , Li Yu , Wang Enliang , Liu Xingchao
Published: February 2025

Ice-jam floods (IJFs) are a significant hydrological phenomenon in the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River, posing substantial threats to public safety and property. This study employed various feature selection techniques, including the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), mutual information (MI), and stepwise regression (SR), to identify key predictors of river ice break-up dates. Based on this, we constructed various machine learning models, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The results indicate that the ice reserves in the Oupu to Heihe section have the most significant impact on the ice break-up date in the Heihe section. Additionally, the accumulated temperature during the break-up period and average temperature before river ice break-up are identified as features closely related to the river’s opening in all four feature selection methods. The choice of feature selection method notably impacts the performance of the machine learning models in predicting the river ice break-up dates. Among the models tested, XGBoost with PCC-based feature selection achieved the highest accuracy (RMSE = 2.074, MAE = 1.571, R2 = 0.784, NSE = 0.756, TSS = 0.950). This study provides a more accurate and effective method for predicting river ice break-up dates, offering a scientific basis for preventing and managing IJF disasters.
Youth Sociopolitical Action and Well-Being: Costs, Benefits, and How to Support Sustainable Sociopolitical Practices
Authors: Wegemer Christopher M. , Hoyt Lindsay T. , Ballard Parissa J.
Published: February 2025

This Special Issue examines the links between sociopolitical action and healthy youth development. The 12 featured studies use diverse conceptual and methodological approaches to advance understanding of how the costs and benefits of youth sociopolitical action are dependent on identity, context, and structural factors. Key findings demonstrate that intersectional identities shape youth experiences of activism and that social contexts can exacerbate or buffer against personal risks, underscoring the importance of supportive environments that are attentive to each young person’s experiences of oppression. The contributing authors propose pragmatic strategies to encourage mutually reinforcing associations between personal well-being and sociopolitical action, such as integrating healing-centered approaches into youth programming and contextualizing resistance to systemic oppression as a component of healthy development. This Special Issue calls for future research to refine theoretical models and develop sustainable, health-promotive strategies to support young people in their vital work to advance justice and equity.
Event marketing in the hotel business
Authors:   Higher School of Management, Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Kozina A. I.
Published: February 2025

In order for the hotel business to develop, it is necessary to offer new products, namely events
that contribute to the growth of hotel revenue and brand recognition. The article reveals the role and
importance of events.
Influence of plant-based fruit and apple feed on reproductive traits of sows and growth of young pigs during rearing
Authors:   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Bryansk State Agrarian University, Russia, Bryansk region, Kokino, Gamko L. N. , Snitsarenko G. N. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Bryansk State Agrarian University”, Russia, Bryansk region, Kokino
Published: February 2025

Waste from the fruit and vegetable and wine industries is a complete feed for pigs. Thousands
of tons of waste are generated annually valuable secondary raw materials that can be used in animal
feeding. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of plant-based fruit and apple feed on the
reproductive traits of sows and the growth of young pigs during rearing. It was studied the change in the live weight of sows 2 days before farrowing, after farrowing and after weaning of piglets in the experiment.
Also it was studied the prolifi cacy, litter weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, the number of
weaned piglets per 1 sow. Milk production of sows was estimated by calculation. Before weaning piglets from sows, blood samples were taken to determine some morph and biochemical indicators. It was found
that the inclusion of 2.0 % plant-based fruit and apple feed in the compound feed had a positive eff ect
on improving the reproductive traits of sows, increasing the litter weight at weaning, and on the livability
of piglets during the suckling period. A noticeable decrease in the concentration of copper and zinc in the blood of sows was observed, and the iron content in the blood samples was higher. The introduction of 2.0 % plant-based fruit and apple feed instead of wheat into the compound feed for weaned piglets made it possible to increase the average daily live weight gain by 2.93 % and reduce the cost of compound feed per 1 kg of gain by 2.72 %; the livability of piglets in both groups was the same. Feeding of young pigs during finishing pig feeding with 2.0 % plant-based fruit and apple feed instead of wheat in the compound feed had a positive effect on the main economic indicators under the conditions of the industrial complex.
تطبيق المنهج المستقل في تعليم اللغة العربية في المدرسة العالية الحكومية في الحرام الثاني اساهان
Authors: Hadi Tama Rifqi Ivan
Published: February 2025

تستغدم حكومة اندنيسيا بالمنهاج المستقل اومنهاج مرديكا, بالمقصود يتكون تربية في اندنيسيا بالقيمة الإلهية والانسانية والإتّحادية والمحوِّرتية والاجتماعية. المنهاج المستقل كان عليه ست قيمة اساس المنهاج يُسَمَّ الطلاب مبادئ الخمسو.يعتبر مفهوم طلاب مبادئ الخمسوجيدا إذا ستوفى قيمة ست. اما اسلوب هذ البحث من البحث النوعي اوكشفي بالثلاث طريقة البحث, يعني بالمقابلة والملاحظة وتحليل الكتاب أوالمراجع. والمؤكد كانت الفرضية التي وجدها الباحث غياب جدية المعلمين في تطبيق قيمة انكاسيلا في التعلم وخصوصا اللغة االعربية. . لأن نتائج هذه المناقشة تظهر أن المنهج المستقل لم تطبقا جيدا. واما الهدف من هذا البحث لتعريف اداء المعلمين اثناء تنفيد المنهج المستقل وخصوصا تعلم اللغة العربية. يعتمد العنوان في هذ البحث يعني من تجرببة الباحث الشخصية لثناء التدريب التربوي في المدرسة وكذالك نظريات في المجتمع في تعلق بحالة التعليم في اندونيسيا.كانت هناك العديد من النتائج مجتمع أن تعليم العلوم في اندوونيسيا لايزل غير جيد. وذالك البحث لمعرفة تطبيق مفهوم الممنهج المستقل في تعليم اللغة العربية في ظروف تعليمية غير. وطبعا هذه المناقشة مفيدة للتقييم لمكتب التعليم اندونيسيا بتعلق تنفيذ المنهج المستقل في جميع انحاء الدراسية في اندونيسيا
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ISLAMIC BANKING CONCEPT ON CUSTOMERS AS PARTNERS OF ISLAMIC BANKS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC DA'WAH
Authors: Asmawi Moh , Rasyid Daud , Wilestari Median
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the implementation of Islamic banking as a means to support da’wah, emphasizing the role of Islamic banks not only as financial institutions but also as platforms for disseminating Islamic values and promoting societal welfare. The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. Findings reveal that public awareness of the principles of Islamic banking remains relatively low. However, most customers of Islamic rural banks (BPR) in the Jabodetabek area perceive that Islamic banks have successfully implemented Islamic banking principles. This study further demonstrates that the social and economic impact of Islamic banking aligns strongly with the goals of Islamic da’wah by offering halal financial transaction alternatives and enhancing the connection between Islamic banking and Islamic da’wah. Key implications include the need for intensified education and socialization efforts, involvement of all stakeholders as educational agents, reinforcement of the Sharia Supervisory Board’s (DPS) role, improved transparency and justice, expanded outreach, and strengthened alignment between Islamic banking practices and da’wah objectives. This research contributes to understanding Islamic banking as an instrument for economic-based da’wah, highlighting its potential to influence financial behavior in alignment with Islamic principles.
MANAGER'S MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN DEVELOPING RELIGIOUS TOURISM OBJECTS BAYT AL-QUR'AN AL-AKBAR PALEMBANG'S LARGEST TYPICAL WOOD CARVING IN THE WORLD
Authors: Minsah Minsah
Published: February 2025

This study examines the marketing communication strategy employed in developing Bayt Al-Qur’an Al-Akbar, a unique religious tourism attraction in Palembang renowned for its world’s largest and most exquisite wood-carved Qur’an. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research explores the application of the marketing communication mix—advertising, sales promotion, public relations, publications, and direct marketing—in enhancing visitor interest and engagement. Additionally, this study analyzes the role of key influencing factors, including government and private sector support, human resources, infrastructure, and budget constraints. The findings reveal that while Bayt Al-Qur’an Al-Akbar possesses significant potential as a religious tourism destination, challenges such as limited promotional efforts and insufficient collaboration with related sectors hinder its optimal development. To address these issues, the study recommends strengthening human resource capabilities, expanding digital marketing initiatives, and improving infrastructure and accessibility. By implementing a more comprehensive marketing communication strategy, Bayt Al-Qur’an Al-Akbar can further solidify its position as a prominent religious tourism landmark, attracting both domestic and international visitors.