bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenges of managing glioblastoma multiforme in developing countries
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Hashem Sameh A. , Al-Rashdan Abdulla , Ezam Najeeb , Nour Ala’a , Alsharbaji Amer , Sughayer Maher , Mohamad Issa , Elyan Maher , Addas Ala’a , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Almousa Abdelatif
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in developing countries is hindered by the paucity of clear protocols due in part to growing economic constraints and the lack of availability of expensive chemotherapeutic agents. We evaluated the deliverable treatment protocols and achievable outcomes for patients with GBM in a low-income country prior and subsequent to the worldwide adoption of temozolomide.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Retrospective case series.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Charts of consecutive patients with a pathologic diagnosis of high-grade glioma diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS:

We identified 146 adult patients, including 105 males and 41 females between 19 and 81 years of age (median age, 51 years), with histologically confirmed high-grade glioma. All patients underwent craniotomy. Eighty-two patients were treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide, of whom 42 patients received temozolomide concurrent with radiation followed by adjuvant temozolomide; 40 patients received irradiation followed sequentially by 6 cycles of temozolomide. In 40 patients irradiation was utilized as a single modality treatment adjuvant to surgery. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 56 months (median, 9.4 months). The median survival for the whole cohort was 10.2 months. The median survival for the radiotherapy-alone group was 5.3 months and for combined radiotherapy/temozolomide was 14.8 months. survival was similar in both concurrent and sequential groups. Temozolomide conferred a statistically significant survival benefit of 9 months compared with standard therapeutic modalities.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results compare favorably to those reported in developed nations. Current management of GBM in developing countries should include maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy/temozolomide whenever medically and/or financially feasible. outcomes comparable to those obtained within the context of randomized trials can be expected in low-income settings if healthcare delivery is carefully planned. Our results indicate that concurrent and sequential regimens are equally effective in these patients.
Mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor associated with fatal hemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: Chaudhary Ikram Ul Haq , Bojal Shoukat Ahmad , Attia Adel , Al-Dossary Battal , Dayel Afra Qasem Al , Amr Samir Sami
Published: July 2014

The association of endodermal sinus tumor, known also as yolk sac tumor, of the mediastinum with hemophagocytic syndrome is exceedingly rare with only a few cases on record. We report a 24-year-old male who had a large mediastinal germ cell tumor, proven to be an endodermal sinus tumor on biopsy. The patient developed pancytopenia and coagulopathy related to associated hemophagocytic syndrome, with a fatal outcome. A brief review of the relevant literature is presented as well.
Durable complete response induced by paclitaxel-nimotuzumab-methotrexate chemotherapy in a patient with metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Verduzco-Rodríguez Leonardo , Aguirre-González Elizabeth Haydee , Verduzco-Aguirre Haydee Cristina
Published: July 2014

A 61-year-old male patient with metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of larynx to lymph nodes and lung was treated with a third-line chemotherapy scheme with paclitaxel, nimotu zumab and low-dose methotrexate receiving a total of 30 cycles. The response was complete until today and maintained at 16 months. Nimotuzumab is a humanized mono clonal antibody used to treat squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. This third-line chemotherapy combination with pacli taxel-nimotuzumab-methotrexate seems to be an active combination and needs further clinical trials to validate its use in heavily treated patients.
Eight primary malignancies
Authors: Slem Ahmed , Abu-Hijlih Ramiz , Abdelrahman Fadwa , Turfa Rim , Amarin Rula , Farah Naim , Sughayer Maher , Almousa Abdelatief , Khader Jamal
Published: July 2014

The incidence of multiple primary malignancies has increased over the past years secondary to the longterm survival of cancer patients due to improvements in the early detection and adequate treatment of cancer. We present a patient with eight primary malignant tumors and review the relevant literature. Our patient was a 59-year-old female with Crohn disease with an otherwise non-contributory medical history. Risk factors for multiple primary tumors were not detected in our patient. At a follow-up of 108 months from the time of diagnosis of the first malignancy, our patient was still alive. Similar long-term survival has been reported in the literature. Due to the realistic potential for long-term survival, we recommend aggressive treatment of these patients.
Age at transplantation and outcome after autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: El Cheikh Jean , Kfoury Elias , Calmels Boris , Lemarie Claude , Stoppa Anne-Marie , Bouabdallah Reda , Coso Diane , De Collela Jean-Marc Schiano , Ladaique Patrick , Gastaut Jean-Albert , Mohty Mohamad , Chabannon Christian , Blaise Didier
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The optimal treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is not well defined, in part because these patients are underrepresented in clinical studies. Autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) after high-dose melphalan chemotherapy can result in a prolonged response duration and survival in patients under 65 years of age.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

single-center, retrospective study of patients treated at Paoli-Calmettes Institute Cancer Centre, between January 1994 and January 2007 (96 months)

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We compared the outcome of elderly (age >65 years) patients with younger patients aged between 60 and 65 years with MM.

RESULTS:

We compared 82 elderly patients with 104 younger patients. Except for age, both groups had comparable demographic features, disease characteristics, and prognostic factors. induction VAD chemotherapy was comparable between the elderly (87%) and younger (94%) group. Prior to auto-SCT, the calculated hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific co-morbidity index was also comparable. With a median follow-up of 41 months (range, 5-227 months) after auto-SCT, 120 patients were still alive. Disease progression (n=40; 61%) was the main cause of death, and it was comparable in the two groups. auto-SCT-related mortality was 3.8% (n=4/104) in younger and 3.7% (n=3/82) in older patients. Comparing younger/older subjects, progression-free survival was significantly higher in the younger group (P<.0001). However, disease response rates after the first auto-SCT was comparable and overall survival (OS) was also comparable (57% vs. 54% at 5 years, P=NS; 32% vs. 24% at 10 years, P=NS). in a Cox multivariate analysis model, none of the relevant characteristics was shown to be a critical prognostic feature for OS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Age was insignificant for both OS and transplant-related mortality. We conclude that there is no biological justification for an age-discriminate policy for MM therapy. Physiologic aging is likely more important than chronologic aging.
Study of global cloud droplet number concentration with A-Train satellites
Authors: Zeng S. , Riedi J. , Trepte C. R. , Winker D. M. , Hu Y.-X.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is an important microphysical property of liquid clouds that impacts radiative forcing, precipitation and is pivotal for understanding cloud–aerosol interactions. Current studies of this parameter at global scales with satellite observations are still challenging, especially because retrieval algorithms developed for passive sensors (i.e., MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Aqua) have to rely on the assumption of cloud adiabatic growth. The active sensor component of the A-Train constellation (i.e., Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)/CALIPSO) allows retrievals of CDNC from depolarization measurements at 532 nm. For such a case, the retrieval does not rely on the adiabatic assumption but instead must use a priori information on effective radius (re), which can be obtained from other passive sensors. In this paper, re values obtained from MODIS/Aqua and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectance (POLDER)/PARASOL (two passive sensors, components of the A-Train) are used to constrain CDNC retrievals from CALIOP. Intercomparison of CDNC products retrieved from MODIS and CALIOP sensors is performed, and the impacts of cloud entrainment, drizzling, horizontal heterogeneity and effective radius are discussed. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different retrieval techniques, this study aims to better understand global CDNC distribution and eventually determine cloud structure and atmospheric conditions in which they develop. The improved understanding of CDNC can contribute to future studies of global cloud–aerosol–precipitation interaction and parameterization of clouds in global climate models (GCMs).
Radiative signature of absorbing aerosol over the eastern Mediterranean basin
Authors: Mishra A. K. , Klingmueller K. , Fredj E. , Lelieveld J. , Rudich Y. , Koren I.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The effects of absorbing aerosols on the atmospheric radiation budget and dynamics over the eastern Mediterranean region are studied using satellites and ground-based observations, and radiative transfer model calculations, under summer conditions. Climatology of aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and size parameters were analyzed using multi-year (1999–2012) observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)-derived aerosol vertical distributions and their classifications are used to calculate the AOD of four dominant aerosol types: dust, polluted dust, polluted continental, and marine aerosol over the region. The seasonal mean (June–August 2010) AODs are 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.11 ± 0.04, 0.10 ± 0.04 and 0.06 ± 0.01 for polluted dust, polluted continental, dust and marine aerosol, respectively. Changes in the atmospheric temperature profile as a function of absorbing aerosol loading were derived for the same period using observations from the AIRS satellite. We inferred heating rates in the aerosol layer of ~1.7 ± 0.8 K day−1 between 925 and 850 hPa, which is attributed to aerosol absorption of incoming solar radiation. Radiative transfer model (RTM) calculations show significant atmospheric warming for dominant absorbing aerosol over the region. A maximum atmospheric forcing of +16.7 ± 7.9 Wm−2 is calculated in the case of polluted dust, followed by dust (+9.4 ± 4.9 Wm−2) and polluted continental (+6.4 ± 4.5 Wm−2). RTM-derived heating rate profiles for dominant absorbing aerosol show warming of 0.1–0.9 K day−1 in the aerosol layer (< 3.0 km altitudes), which primarily depend on AODs of the different aerosol types. Diabatic heating due to absorbing aerosol stabilizes the lower atmosphere, which could significantly reduce the atmospheric ventilation. These conditions can enhance the "pollution pool" over the eastern Mediterranean.
Diurnal variations of stratospheric ozone measured by ground-based microwave remote sensing at the Mauna Loa NDACC site: measurement validation and GEOSCCM model comparison
Authors: Parrish A. , Boyd I. S. , Nedoluha G. E. , Bhartia P. K. , Frith S. M. , Kramarova N. A. , Connor B. J. , Bodeker G. E. , Froidevaux L. , Shiotani M. , Sakazaki T.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. There is presently renewed interest in diurnal variations of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone for the purpose of supporting homogenization of records of various ozone measurements that are limited by the technique employed to being made at certain times of day. We have made such measurements for 19 years using a passive microwave remote sensing technique at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) in Hawaii, which is a primary station in the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). We have recently reprocessed these data with hourly time resolution to study diurnal variations. We inspected differences between pairs of the ozone spectra (e.g., day and night) from which the ozone profiles are derived to determine the extent to which they may be contaminated by diurnally varying systematic instrumental or measurement effects. These are small, and we have reduced them further by selecting data that meet certain criteria that we established. We have calculated differences between profiles measured at different times: morning–night, afternoon–night, and morning–afternoon and have intercompared these with like profiles derived from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (Aura-MLS), the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder (UARS-MLS), the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES), and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet version 2 (SBUV/2) measurements. Differences between averages of coincident profiles are typically < 1.5% of typical nighttime values over most of the covered altitude range with some exceptions. We calculated averages of ozone values for each hour from the Mauna Loa microwave data, and normalized these to the average for the first hour after midnight for comparison with corresponding values calculated with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM). We found that the measurements and model output mostly agree to better than 1.5% of the midnight value, with one noteworthy exception: The measured morning–night values are significantly (2–3 %) higher than the modeled ones from 3.2 to 1.8 hPa (~39–43 km), and there is evidence that the measured values are increasing compared to the modeled values before sunrise in this region.
Tracing the second stage of Antarctic ozone hole recovery with a "big data" approach to multi-variate regressions
Authors: de Laat A. T. J. , van der A R. J. , van Weele M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This study presents a sensitivity analysis of multi-variate regressions of recent springtime Antarctic vortex ozone trends using a "big data" ensemble approach. Multi-variate regression methods are widely used for studying the variability and detection of ozone trends. Based on multi-variate regression analysis of total Antarctic springtime vortex ozone it has been suggested that the observed increase of ozone since the late 1990s is statistically significant and can be attributed to decreasing stratospheric halogens (Salby et al., 2011, 2012; Kuttippurath et al., 2013). We find that, when considering uncertainties that have not been addressed in these studies, this conclusion on ozone recovery is not warranted. An ensemble of regressions is constructed based on the analysis of uncertainties in the applied ozone record as well as of uncertainties in the various applied regressors. The presented combination of ensemble members spans up the uncertainty range with about 35 million different regressions. The poleward heat flux (Eliassen–Palm Flux) and the effective chlorine loading explain, respectively, most of the short-term and long-term variability in different Antarctic springtime total ozone records. The inclusion in the regression of stratospheric volcanic aerosols, solar variability, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode is shown to increase rather than to decrease the overall uncertainty in the attribution of Antarctic springtime ozone because of large uncertainties in their respective records. Calculating the trend significance for the ozone record from the late 1990s onwards solely based on the fit of the effective chlorine loading should be avoided, as this does not take fit residuals into account and thereby results in too narrow uncertainty intervals. When taking fit residuals into account, we find that less than 30% of the regressions in the full ensemble result in a statistically significant positive springtime ozone trend over Antarctica from the late 1990s to either 2010 or 2012. Analysis of choices and uncertainties in time series show that, depending on choices in time series and parameters, the fraction of statistically significant trends in parts of the ensemble can range from negligible to more than 90%. However, we were unable to detect a robust statistically significant positive trend in Antarctic springtime vortex ozone in the ensemble.
Investigating the annual behaviour of submicron secondary inorganic and organic aerosols in London
Authors: Young D. E. , Allan J. D. , Williams P. I. , Green D. C. , Flynn M. J. , Harrison R. M. , Yin J. , Gallagher M. W. , Coe H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. For the first time, the behaviour of non-refractory inorganic and organic submicron particulate through an entire annual cycle is investigated using measurements from an Aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (cToF-AMS) located at a UK urban background site in North Kensington, London. We show secondary aerosols account for a significant fraction of the submicron aerosol burden and that high concentration events are governed by different factors depending on season. Furthermore, we demonstrate that on an annual basis there is no variability in the extent of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) oxidation, as defined by the oxygen content, irrespective of amount. This result is surprising given the changes in precursor emissions and contributions as well as photochemical activity throughout the year; however it may make the characterisation of SOA in urban environments more straightforward than previously supposed. Organic species, nitrate, sulphate, ammonium, and chloride were measured during 2012 with average concentrations (±one standard deviation) of 4.32 (±4.42), 2.74 (±5.00), 1.39 (±1.34), 1.30 (±1.52) and 0.15 (±0.24) μg m–3, contributing 43, 28, 14, 13 and 2% to the total submicron mass, respectively. Components of the organic aerosol fraction are determined using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) where five factors are identified and attributed as hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), solid fuel OA (SFOA), type 1 oxygenated OA (OOA1), and type 2 oxygenated OA (OOA2). OOA1 and OOA2 represent more and less oxygenated OA with average concentrations of 1.27 (±1.49) and 0.14 (±0.29) μg m–3, respectively, where OOA1 dominates the SOA fraction (90%). Diurnal, monthly, and seasonal trends are observed in all organic and inorganic species, due to meteorological conditions, specific nature of the aerosols, and availability of precursors. Regional and transboundary pollution as well as other individual pollution events influence London's total submicron aerosol burden. High concentrations of non-refractory submicron aerosols in London are governed by particulate emissions in winter, especially nitrate and SFOA, whereas SOA formation drives the high concentrations during the summer. The findings from this work could have significant implications for modelling of urban air pollution as well as for the effects of atmospheric aerosols on health and climate.
Meso-scale modeling and radiative transfer simulations of a snowfall event over France at microwaves for passive and active modes and evaluation with satellite observations
Authors: Galligani V. S. , Prigent C. , Defer E. , Jimenez C. , Eriksson P. , Pinty J.-P. , Chaboureau J.-P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Microwave passive and active radiative transfer simulations are performed with the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) for a mid-latitude snowfall event, using outputs from the Meso-NH mesoscale cloud model. The results are compared to the corresponding microwave observations available from MHS and CloudSat. The spatial structures of the simulated and observed brightness temperatures show an overall agreement since the large-scale dynamical structure of the cloud system is reasonably well captured by Meso-NH. However, with the initial assumptions on the single scattering properties of snow, there is an obvious underestimation of the strong scattering observed in regions with large frozen hydrometeor quantities. A sensitivity analysis of both active and passive simulations to the microphysical parameterizations is conducted. Simultaneous analysis of passive and active calculations provides strong constraints on the assumptions made to simulate the observations. Good agreements are obtained with both MHS and CloudSat observations when the single scattering properties are calculated using the "soft sphere" parameterization from Liu (2004), along with the Meso-NH outputs. This is an important step toward building a robust dataset of simulated measurements to train a statistically-based retrieval scheme.
Comparison of the ensemble Kalman filter and 4D-Var assimilation methods using a stratospheric tracer transport model
Authors: Skachko S. , Errera Q. , Ménard R. , Christophe Y. , Chabrillat S.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation method is applied to the tracer transport using the same stratospheric transport model as in the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation system BASCOE (Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations). This EnKF version of BASCOE was built primarily to avoid the large costs associated with the maintenance of an adjoint model. The EnKF developed in BASCOE accounts for two adjustable parameters: a parameter α controlling the model error term and a parameter r controlling the observational error. The EnKF system is shown to be markedly sensitive to these two parameters, which are adjusted based on the monitoring of a χ2 test measuring the misfit between the control variable and the observations. The performance of the EnKF and 4D-Var versions was estimated through the assimilation of Aura-MLS (microwave limb sounder) ozone observations during an 8-month period which includes the formation of the 2008 Antarctic ozone hole. To ensure a proper comparison, despite the fundamental differences between the two assimilation methods, both systems use identical and carefully calibrated input error statistics. We provide the detailed procedure for these calibrations, and compare the two sets of analyses with a focus on the lower and middle stratosphere where the ozone lifetime is much larger than the observational update frequency. Based on the observation-minus-forecast statistics, we show that the analyses provided by the two systems are markedly similar, with biases less than 5% and standard deviation errors less than 10% in most of the stratosphere. Since the biases are markedly similar, they most probably have the same causes: these can be deficiencies in the model and in the observation data set, but not in the assimilation algorithm nor in the error calibration. The remarkably similar performance also shows that in the context of stratospheric transport, the choice of the assimilation method can be based on application-dependent factors, such as CPU cost or the ability to generate an ensemble of forecasts.
Increase Productivity, Decrease Procrastination, and Increase Energy
Authors: Peper Erik , Harvey Richard , Lin I-Mei , Duvvuri Padma
Published: July 2014

Procrastination, self-blame, and unproductive behavior are widespread problems in student populations and in human beings generally. The authors present a framework, called Transforming Failure into Success, which is utilized in undergraduate classes and based on self-observation, self-acceptance, and mental rehearsal of positive changes. They provide instructions and guidelines for positive mental rehearsal. They present a study comparing matched groups of undergraduate students, an intervention group that learned the Transforming Failure into Success approach, and a control group that did not. Both groups completed Likert-type scales assessing procrastination, productivity, and energy level. The students in the intervention group showed significant improvements in reducing procrastination, improving productivity, and increasing energy.
Philadelphia Merchants, Backcountry Shopkeepers, and Town-Making Fever
Authors: MacMaster Richard K.
Published: July 2014

As the French and Indian War drew to a close, enterprising Pennsylvanians began laying out thirty new backcountry towns. This “town-making fever,” which peaked in 1761–64, reflected a fresh understanding of the frontier, no longer a defensive line, but an open door to land and opportunity beyond current settlements. Backcountry towns drew artisans, mostly young newcomers, priced out of the market for agricultural land. The men who platted these towns hoped they would draw the trade of the vicinity. As nodal points in networks of credit and commerce, these new towns marked the integration of the backcountry in an Atlantic economy.
Meio ambiente e desenvolvimento: construindo um novo campo do saber a partir da perspectiva interdisciplinar
Authors: RAYNAUT Claude
Published: July 2014

O presente momento da sociedade é marcado por uma considerável crise do pensamento e de produção do conhecimento científico. Essa crise decorre também da divisão disciplinar do conhecimento, sendo que a interdisciplinaridade se apresenta como uma possibilidade de sua superação. Na perspectiva interdisciplinar os objetos e assuntos são híbridos e, em geral, reconhecidos a partir duma posição social que obriga a considerar a realidade tal como se apresenta na experiência comum abrangendo, portanto, uma consideração para além da condição científica disciplinar, constituindo problemáticas. A abordagem do meio ambiente e desenvolvimento encontra campo fértil nessa perspectiva, todavia esta constitui uma prática em construção. A noção de desenvolvimento sustentável sempre aparece associada a esta discussão, embora ainda revestida de expressiva ambigüidade. The environment and development: building a new field of knowledge based on the interdisciplinary perspective Abstract At present, society is marked by a considerable crisis in the thinking and production of scientific knowledge. This crisis results from the breaking down of knowledge into disciplines, while interdisciplinarity stands as a possibility for overcoming it. Under the interdisciplinary perspective, objects and subject-matters are hybrid and  by and large, acknowledged from a social standpoint that forces one to consider reality as it presents itself in common experience and thus encompassing a consideration that goes beyond the disciplinary scientific condition  become discussion issues. The environment and development approach finds fertile ground in this perspective, even though the latter is still praxis under construction. The notion of sustainable development always appears in association with this discussion, even if involved in expressive ambiguity.
Meio ambiente e interdisciplinaridade: desafios ao mundo acadêmico
Authors: BURSZTYN Marcel
Published: July 2014

A produção acadêmica do conhecimento nos dois últimos séculos foi marcada por uma clara tendência especializante. A questão ambiental, vista pela ótica do desenvolvimento sustentável e que assume considerável relevância no presente, introduz mudanças significativas neste cenário e aponta para a necessária abordagem interdisciplinar (des-especialização). Utilizando exemplos da produção científica brasileira, a partir de dados do CNPq e Capes, o texto apresenta um perfil dos cursos de Pós-Graduação do país voltados ao tratamento da questão ambiental. Uma análise crítica do processo é evidenciada, bem como importantes limitações e desafios que se apresentam para a construção deste novo campo do conhecimento. The environment and interdisciplinarity: challenges to the academic world Abstract Academic production of knowledge in the past two centuries was marked by a clear specialization trend. The environmental issue, seen through the lenses of sustainable development, having currently acquired a considerable importance, introduces significant changes in this scenario and points to the need for an interdisciplinary approach (de-specialization). Using examples taken from the Brazilian scientific production, based on data provided by CNPq and Capes, this text draws a profile of graduate programs addressing the environmental issue, nationwide. A critical analysis of the process is highlighted, as well as the important limitations and challenges incurred in building this new field of knowledge.
Dimensões socioambientais do rural contemporâneo
Authors: BRANDENBURG Alfio , FERREIRA Angela Duarte Damasceno , SANTOS Leonardo José Cordeiro
Published: July 2014

O texto trata do meio ambiente rural da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e do Litoral Norte do Paraná a partir da sua heterogeneidade, do rural como espaço de interesses ambientais conflitantes, como espaço do risco socialmente construído, como espaço de reencontro com a natureza e como espaço de surgimento de novos atores sociais. Em função dos processos organizativos em curso nos espaços rurais, e em função do reconhecimento da diversidade de situações socioambientais existentes e das distintas estratégias implementadas pelos diferentes atores para se reproduzir, pode-se dizer que existe uma vitalidade dos grupos sociais rurais para recriar suas trajetórias e inscrevê-las como elementos da historicidade do seu território. Socio-environmental dimensions of contemporary rurality Abstract The text addresses the rural environment in the Curitiba Metropolitan Area and in Paranás northern coastal area in its heterogeneity, rural area as a space of conflicting environmental interests; as a space of socially created risk; as a space of reencounter with nature; and as a space for the emergence of new social actors. Owing to the organizational processes that are taking place in rural areas, and as a function of acknowledging the diversity of existing socio-environmental situations and different strategies implemented by different actors to reproduce themselves, it can be said that there is vitality in the rural social groups as they recreate their trajectories and include them as elements of the history of their territory.
Manejo da pesca e a interdisciplinaridade
Authors: CASTELLO Jorge P.
Published: July 2014

O estado atual da pesca no mundo mostra que o manejo da pesca não é capaz de sustentar produtividade e ao mesmo tempo resolver conflitos entre conservação e desenvolvimento. A ciência da pesca há muito reconheceu a importância da interdisciplinaridade, particularmente em assuntos como recrutamento de estoques, flutuações de abundância e relações tróficas. Para se atingir um nível melhor de entendimento e eficiência, o manejo da pesca precisa incorporar e integrar uma abordagem interdisciplinar, no qual aspectos importantes como a sociologia e a economia dos diferentes atores e partes interessadas possam ser ponderados e considerados. Fishcery handling and the interdisciplinarity Abstract The present state of world fisheries shows that fishery management is unable to sustain yields and resolve the conflicts between conservation and development. Fishery science recognized the importance of multi-disciplinarity long ago, particularly in subjects like stock recruitment, abundance fluctuations and trophic relationships. In order to attain a better level of understanding and efficiency, fishery management needs to incorporate and integrate an interdisciplinary approach, where important aspects as sociology and economics of the different actors and stakeholders must be weighted and considered.
Territorio y huellas territoriales: una memoria del espacio vivido en el Gran Concepción, Chile
Authors: Aliste Enrique
Published: July 2014

O território é o resultado de um processo complexo de apropriação do espaço. Um dos elementos que permite entender como esse espaço começa a ter pertinência para aqueles que habitam e vivem no território é o conceito de espaço vivido. Explorar os limites e oportunidades da aplicação deste conceito, no estudo das cidades, permite ao mesmo tempo descobrir outras cidades presentes naquelas que tradicionalmente são descritas pela estatística econômica, demográfica, habitacional ou outros indicadores quantitativos. Embora os indicadores sejam necessários e imprescindíveis para a maioria das análises, não são as únicas leituras possíveis. Da perspectiva dos imaginários, e em particular dos imaginários do desenvolvimento, surge a oportunidade de vislumbrar as cidades invisíveis, aquele reflexo incontornável da experiência de habitar um espaço carregado de sentido, por diferentes processos sociais que lhe outorgam sentidos. Este artigo pretende ler desde outra ótica a cidade de Concepción, no centro-sul do Chile. Uma cidade industrial, desde a década de 1950, fortemente marcada por esse caráter e que clama por mudança no presente, na perspectiva da sustentabilidade, apesar de seu legado geo-histórico e da tensão constante com os diferentes elementos do meio natural. Dessa maneira, este texto busca um motivo para explorar a cidade, a partir do seu próprio desenho.
Configuraciones del tiempo en el mar interior de Chiloé y su relación con la apropiación de los territorios marítimos
Authors: Ríos Francisco Ther
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho é uma aproximação antropológica do território e a construção social do tempo no Mar Interior de Chiloé, Chile. Trata-se de um território de mar e litoral carregado de portos e lugares de chegada, para o qual confluem diferentes trajetos marítimos entre ilhas e setores povoados que estruturam trajetórias e dinâmicas fixadas em memórias do passado e imaginários do futuro. O espaço territorial marítimo de Chiloé, como sistema territorial e patrimonial para o qual confluem diversas relações de fatores pragmáticos, possibilita a reprodução de trajetórias de economias e simbolismos costeiros, que em seu conjunto inscrevem e projetam diferentes configurações de tempo. Sustentamos a hipótese de que os continuados processos de presentificação do passado no mar interior de Chiloé contemporâneo, traduzidos em memórias costeiras de pescadores artesanais, com os processos de futurização do passado manifestados nos imaginários territoriais, revelam as formas pelas quais se constrói socialmente o tempo neste espaço. Para isto, presumimos que as memórias costeiras, ao explorar o passado de rotas e trajetórias, realizam uma verdadeira viagem retrospectiva; assim, a experiência ganha através de rotas e trajetórias ao longo do tempo implica que os pescadores desenvolvem cotidianamente estratégias que, apoiadas na memória e na fortaleza proporcionada pela experiência, permitem adaptar-se aos processos de modernização.
O sertanejo e as experiências de inverno no Seridó Potiguar
Authors: Silva Neusiene Medeiros da , Andrade Anna Jéssica Pinto de , Souza Cimone Rozendo de
Published: July 2014

No Nordeste brasileiro, é recorrente entre os sertanejos a prática de “experiências de inverno”. Estas consistem na observação de elementos da paisagem, como: a fauna, a flora, o movimento dos astros, entre outros aspectos, com a finalidade de prever chuvas ou secas. As “experiências de inverno” compõem um repertório de estratégias historicamente construídas que medeiam a relação entre os sertanejos nordestinos de regiões semiáridas e a seca. Neste artigo, analisou-se até que ponto estas experiências de inverno orientam as práticas produtivas dos agricultores familiares que habitam as regiões do sertão no Seridó Potiguar. A área de estudo compreendeu comunidades rurais dos municípios de Caicó, Acari, Parelhas e Lagoa Nova. Foram entrevistados 241 agricultores em 29 comunidades destes municípios. O estudo identificou que, apesar do alto grau de difusão de previsões meteorológicas científicas, estas não chegam a suplantar o conhecimento tradicional das experiências de inverno. Observou-se que tais experiências encontram-se bastante disseminadas entre os agricultores, exercendo funções diversas em seus modos de vida que extrapolam, e muito, a organização do sistema produtivo. Além da prevenção das intempéries ambientais e das previsões de seca ou chuvas, estas experiências desempenham um papel simbólico como intermediadoras da fé em Deus e como alimentadoras da esperança sertaneja. Portanto, as experiências de inverno praticadas por agricultores no sertão do Seridó figuram como estratégias de reprodução social de um modo de vida específico, reatualizando a esperança destes de um ano “bom de inverno”, mais do que organizando suas atividades produtivas.Observação dos Editores: O artigo foi publicado em 28 de junho de 2013. Em 13 de julho de 2013, o arquivo foi substituído devido à uma correção na Nota de Rodapé 2 na página 88.
Teorias da cidade e as reformas urbanas contemporâneas
Authors: VICENTINI Yara
Published: July 2014

O entendimento das novas tendências do pensamento sobre a cidade representa a temática abordada. Para o período pós anos 60, discute-se como a utopia da sociedade, baseada na idéia central de progresso e apropriação social de uma tecnologia que gerasse qualidade de vida e igualdade de acesso à riqueza produzida, fragmenta-se. A concepção de vanguarda cristaliza-se, apropriada pela mídia de um mercado consumidor. Na discussão das teorias urbanas, a impossibilidade de reprodução de modelos urbanísticos universais constrói a possibilidade de abordagens mais aprofundadas sobre estas novas tendências contemporâneas, na sua relativização e diversidade. A amplitude e a diversidade das novas tendências, no âmbito do entendimento do urbanismo contemporâneo, constituiu-se em temática essencial do trabalho. Vincula-se à área de teoria do urbanismo e se propõe a desvendar formulações, conteúdos e paradigmas vinculados a estas novas tendências em análise de exemplos nacionais e internacionais de cidades. Teories of the city and the contemporary urban reforms Abstract The compreension of the new thought tendencies about the city represents the thematic approached. In the period pos sixties it is discussed the fragmentation on societys utopia based on the central idea of progress and social appropriation of a technology that it generates quality and equality to the produced wealth. The vanguard conception crystallizes, appropriate by the media of a consuming market.The impossibility of universal urban models reprodution, builds the possibility of approaches more deepened on these new contemporary tendencies. The width and the diversity of the new tendencies was constituted in thematic essential of the work, in the ambit about the understanding on the contemporary urbanization. This article is linked to the area of the urban theory intends to revelate formulations, contents and link paradigms of these new tendencies, analysing international and national citis examples.
Racionalidad ambiental y diálogo de saberes: sentidos y senderos de un futuro sustentable
Authors: LEFF Enrique
Published: July 2014

O texto parte da problematização de algumas categorias de análise, tais como as de racionalidade comunicativa (Habermas) e de alteridade, de infinitoe de totalidade(Lévinas), para contrastar os conceitos de racionalidade ambiental, saber ambiental e diálogo de saberes. A racionalidade ambiental encontra sua morada no saber ambiental. Este, por sua vez, não pode confinar-se nos conhecimentos científicos constituídos. O diálogo de saberes se inscreve em uma política da diferença, a qual ultrapassa o pensamento ecologista e o sistema dos saberes existentes, constituindo-se no encontro com a alteridade. A construção da racionalidade ambiental conduz à desconstrução das lógicas de conhecimento e de poder dominantes, abrindo as vias para outras ressignificações da natureza por meio da linguagem e das novas estratégias de apropriação da natureza desde a cultura. Resumen El texto parte de la problematización de algunas categorias de análisis, tales como de racionalidad comunicativa (Habermas) y de otredad, inifinito y totalidad (Lévinas), para contrastar los conceptos de racionalidad ambiental, saber ambiental y diálogo de saberes. La racionalidad ambiental se construye en el contexto del saber ambiental, el cual no se restringe a los conocimientos científicos constituidos. El diálogo de saberes se inscribe en una política de la diferencia que desborda al pensamiento ecologista y al sistema de los saberes existentes, constituyéndose en el encuentro con la otredad. La construcción de una racionalidad ambiental conduce a la desconstrucción de los sistemas de conocimiento y de poder dominantes, abriendo posibilidades para otras resignificaciones de la naturaleza a través del lenguaje, y nuevas estrategias de apropiación de la naturaleza desde la cultura. Environmental Rationality and dialogue of know ledge senses and meaning of a sustainable future Abstract This article takes a critical stand on the analytical categories of communicative rationality (Habermas) and otherness, infinity, and totality (Lévinas), and puts them in contrast with the concepts of enviromnental rationality, environmental knowledge and dialogue of knowledges. Environmental rationality is constructed la the context of environmental knowledge, which is not restricted to scientific knowing. The knowledge dialog is based on a politics of difference, which supersedes ecological thought and any established system of knowledge. It rather emerges in its encounter with otherness. The construction of an environmental rationality leads to the deconstruction of the dominant systems of power and knowledge, opening new possibilities for other meanings of nature in the realm of language, and of new strategies for the appropriateness of nature through culture.
Sustentabilidade socioambiental e diálogo de saberes: o Pantanal Mato-grossense e seu espaço vernáculo como referência
Authors: CASTELNOU Antonio M. N. , FLORIANI Dimas , De VARGAS Icléia A. , DIAS Janise Bruno
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem como base a discussão sobre a crise ambiental, a qual culminou na crise do modelo econômico vigente e nos limites da ciência moderna, levando à busca e construção interdisciplinar de uma nova racionalidade: a racionalidade ambiental. Fundamentando-se basicamente nos estudos de Enrique Leff, pretende apresentar algumas considerações quanto à questão da sustentabilidade socioambiental no Pantanal a partir da possibilidade de um diálogo de saberes. Socio-Environmental Sustainability and knowledge dialog: Pantanal Mato-grossense and its space of a reference Abstract This article is based on the environmental crisis discussion, which culminated in the effective economical model crisis and in the modern science limits, taking to the search and construction of a new rationality: the environmental rationality. This paper is based upon Enrique Leffs studies, it intends to present some considerations related to the subject of the Pantanal socio-environmental sustainable development starting from the possibility of a knowledge dialogue.
Saberes patrimoniais pesqueiros
Authors: CUNHA Lúcia Helena De Oliveira
Published: July 2014

Este artigo pretende configurar as distintas expressões de saber presentes na cultura dos pescadores tradicionais que propiciam a conservação da natureza e propõe uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de diálogo entre saber patrimonial e saber científico. Traditional fishermen`s knowledge Abstract This work intends to configure the different expressions of knowledge presents in the culture of traditional fishermen that propitiate the conservation of the nature and it proposes a reflection on the possibilities of a dialogue among patrimonial knowledge and scientific formal knowledge in new historical arrangements.
Dal Centro Storico alla Città Storica: la dimensione progettuale della conservazione − Il caso di Roma
Authors: TRUSIANI Elio
Published: July 2014

Com a adoção do Plano Regulador, Roma finalmente adquiriu uma nova perspectiva para construir o seu desenvolvimento, partir de um sistema histórico-ambiental tutelado e valorizado (base concreta da sustentabilidade), valorizando a reorganização funcional e espacial das suas estruturas subterrâneas. Uma cidade projetada em uma dimensão metropolitana e organizada segundo um modelo policêntrico  no qual se chama atenção aos trabalhos regulares e superamentos do velho conceito de centro histórico, conjugado à parte mais antiga do centro urbano, e a assunção do conceito de cidade histórica  compreende um universo mais vasto e difuso no território (do medieval ao Renascimento ao Novecentos). Um método inovador de leitura da cidade, não mais por zonas homogêneas mas por tecidos − isso permite superar o modo de tratamento unitário por zonas inteiras e lê-las ao invés de diferenciá-las, sobretudo em uma cidade como Roma, e para tanto ler as atuais exigências de transformação, procurando conferir, ou restituir, ao final cidade histórica a difícil tarefa de regular a valorização, orientar as estratégias de requalificação, construir as condições do projeto, recuperando, em tal sentido, a dimensão projetual da conservação. Resumo Con ladozione del Piano Regolatore, Roma ha finalmente una nuova prospettiva per costruire il suo sviluppo allinterno di un sistema storico-ambientale tutelato e valorizzato, base concreta della sostenibilità, finalizzato alla riorganizzazione funzionale e spaziale delle sue strutture insediative. Una città proiettata in una dimensione metropolitana e organizzata secondo un modello policentrico, in cui si pone allattenzione degli addetti ai lavori il superamento del vecchio concetto di centro storico, legato alla parte più antica del centro urbano, e lassunzione del concetto di città storica, comprendente un universo più vasto e diffuso nel territorio (dal medioevo al Rinascimento al Novecento). Un metodo innovativo di lettura della città: non più per zone omogenee ma per tessuti − questo permette si superare il modo di trattamento unitario per intere zone e leggerne invece le differenze, soprattutto in una città come Roma, e pertanto leggerne le attuali esigenze di trasformazione, cercando di conferire, o restituire, al termine città storica il difficile compito di regolare la valorizzazione, orientare le strategie di riqualificazione, costruire le condizioni del progetto, recuperando, in tal senso, la dimensione progettuale della conservazione.
Considérer les écrits scientifiques comme données à l’étude
Authors: Tourigny Koné Sofia
Published: July 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer l’intérêt des approches inductives pour la recherche qualitative en communication sociale. Plus précisément, il vise à appréhender comment l’approche méthodologique de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) peut être utilisée pour mener une recherche théorique, dans laquelle les écrits scientifiques sont considérés comme des données.
La méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée et les grandes enquêtes publiques
Authors: Corriveau Raymond
Published: July 2014

Les grandes enquêtes publiques portent sur le parcours professionnel du communicateur social. Rarement toutefois elles furent abordées selon une approche inductive. Deux grandes investigations sont ici prises à témoin. La première est une expertise collégiale menée dans le cadre de la lutte contre la propagation de la dengue. L’autre traite de la tournée du Conseil de presse qui visait à faire le bilan de l’information au Québec. Liées théoriquement de manière surprenante, les deux grandes enquêtes sont revues dans la perspective de la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE). Séquencées de façon opérationnelle et examinées en détail, on y constate que la volonté, dans les deux exercices, de se rapprocher des préoccupations citoyennes place ces démarches dans une grande parenté avec la MTE. La force de l’approche inductive y transparaît de manière non équivoque et la démonstration de la pertinence de son usage lors de pareilles enquêtes devient évidente.