bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Mg–xLi–Zn alloys for potential application of biodegradable bone implant materials
Authors: Li Jingan , Zhou Panyu , Wang Liguo , Hou Yachen , Zhang Xueqi , Zhu Shijie , Guan Shaokang
Published: April 2021

Implant therapy after osteosarcoma surgery is a major clinical challenge currently, especially the requirements for mechanical properties, degradability of the implants, and their inhibition of residual tumor cells. Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloy as medical bone implant material has full advantages and huge potential development space. Wherein, Mg–lithium (Li) based alloy, as an ultra-light alloy, has good properties for implants under certain conditions, and both Mg and Li have inhibitory effects on tumor cells. Therefore, Mg–Li alloy is expected to be applied in bone implant materials for mechanical supporting and inhibiting tumor cells simultaneously. In this contribution, the Mg–xLi–Zinc (Zn) series alloys (x = 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%) were prepared to study the influence of different elements and contents on the structure and properties of the alloy, and the biosafety of the alloy was also evaluated. Our data showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of as-cast Mg–xLi–Zn alloy were higher than those of as-cast Mg–Zn alloy; Mg–xLi–Zn alloy can kill osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) in a concentration-dependent manner, wherein Mg–3Li–Zn alloy (x = 3 wt%) and Mg–6Li–Zn alloy (x = 6 wt%) promoted the proliferation of osteoblasts (MC3T3) at a certain concentration of Li. In summary, our study demonstrated that the Mg–6Li–Zn alloy could be potentially applied as a material of orthopedic implant for its excellent multi-functions.
Experiences in Electronic Consultation (eConsult) Service in Gynecology from a Quaternary Academic Medical Center
Authors: Corbetta-Rastelli Chiara M. , Morgan Tamandra K. , Homaifar Nazaneen , Deangelis Lisa , Autry Amy M.
Published: April 2021

To evaluate an academic institution’s implementation of a gynecologic electronic consultation (eConsult) service, including the most common queries, turnaround time, need for conversion to in-person visits, and to demonstrate how eConsults can improve access and convenience for patients and providers. This is a descriptive and retrospective electronic chart review. We obtained data from the UCSF eConsult and Smart Referral program manager. The medical system provided institution-wide statistics. Three authors reviewed and categorized gynecologic eConsults for the last fiscal year. The senior author resolved conflicts in coding. The eConsult program manager provided billing information and provider reimbursement. A total of 548 eConsults were submitted to the gynecology service between July 2017 and June 2020 (4.5% of institutional eConsult volume). Ninety-five percent of the eConsults were completed by a senior specialist within our department. Abnormal pap smear management, abnormal uterine bleeding, and contraception questions were the most common queries. Over half (59.3%) of all inquiries were answered on the same day as they were received, with an average of 9% declined. Gynecology was the 10th largest eConsult provider at our institution in 2020. The present investigation describes one large university-based experience with eConsults in gynecology. Results demonstrate that eConsults permit appropriate, efficient triaging of time-sensitive conditions affecting patients especially in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. eConsult services provide the potential to improve access, interdisciplinary communication, and patient and provider satisfaction.
Absolute Continuity of Solutions to Reaction-Diffusion Equations with Multiplicative Noise
Authors: Marinelli Carlo , Quer-Sardanyons Lluís
Published: April 2021

We prove absolute continuity of the law of the solution, evaluated at fixed points in time and space, to a parabolic dissipative stochastic PDE on L2(G), where G is an open bounded domain in $\mathbb {R}^{d}$

ℝ

d

with smooth boundary. The equation is driven by a multiplicative Wiener noise and the nonlinear drift term is the superposition operator associated to a real function that is assumed to be monotone, locally Lipschitz continuous, and growing not faster than a polynomial. The proof, which uses arguments of the Malliavin calculus, crucially relies on the well-posedness theory in the mild sense for stochastic evolution equations in Banach spaces.
First Type III Solar Radio Bursts of Solar Cycle 25
Authors: Kallunki Juha , McKay Derek , Tornikoski Merja
Published: April 2021

The minimum of the previous solar cycle, Solar Cycle 24, occurred in December 2019, which also marked the start of the new Solar Cycle 25. The first radio bursts of the new solar cycle were observed in the spring season 2020. In this work we will present three type III solar bursts which were observed in May and June 2020 at radio frequencies between 18 – 90 MHz. There are two radio observatories in Finland that are capable of doing low-frequency solar radio observations: Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory (MRO) and Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) of the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu. The instruments of the two institutes have different design and characteristics, and they operate in rather different radio interference environments. We will compare simultaneous observations from these two instruments and we will also discuss the properties of these type III solar bursts.
Potenziale der Bewegungsförderung älterer Menschen im hausärztlichen Setting – eine explorative Interviewstudie mit Allgemeinmedizinern
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael
Published: April 2021

Hintergrund

Gerade im höheren Lebensalter kann regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Gesundheitsvorsorge und zum Erhalt eines selbständigen Lebens leisten. Das hausärztliche Setting gilt als gut geeignet, um ältere Patienten kompetent zu beraten, sie auf geeignete Bewegungsformate hinzuweisen und zu einer längerfristigen Wahrnehmung selbiger zu motivieren.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Studie soll einen Beitrag leisten, den Status quo des Themas Bewegungsförderung für ältere Menschen im hausärztlichen Setting zu explorieren.

Material und Methoden

Zwischen März und September 2020 wurden 38 qualitative Einzelinterviews mit Hausärzt*innen in Rheinland-Pfalz und Hessen geführt.

Ergebnisse

Die Interviewten zeigen ein ausgeprägtes Maß an Bewusstsein und Sensitivität in Bezug auf die Gesundheits- und Bewegungsförderung im höheren Lebensalter. Viele Ärzte sind engagiert, wenn es darum geht, geeignete Aktivitäten für ältere Patienten zu identifizieren und diese nachhaltig zu einer Teilnahme zu bewegen. Einige Ärzte arbeiten eng mit Gesundheits- und Sportakteuren vor Ort zusammen. Die Interviewten benennen Herausforderungen, insbesondere ein Fehlen adäquater Strukturen zur Bewegungsförderung. Einem Teil der Hausärzte mangelt es an einem Überblick, welche Bewegungsangebote in der Umgebung angeboten werden; Kooperationen mit Gesundheitsanbietern sind nicht immer gegeben.

Schlussfolgerung

Hausärzt*innen sollten in einer aktiven Rolle im Bereich der Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung bestärkt werden. Damit sie effektiv auf Angebote verweisen bzw. Patienten dorthin vermitteln können, kommt es darauf an, das hausärztliche Setting in ein kommunales Netzwerk der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung einzubinden. Gezielte Schulungen können das hausärztliche Team darin unterstützen, Praxisbesuche älterer Patienten systematisch zu nutzen, um auf den Wert körperlicher Aktivität hinzuweisen.
Supervision und Soziale Arbeit – historisch verwandt, praktisch verbunden, konzeptuell entfernt
Authors: Busse Stefan
Published: April 2021

Die Supervision ist schon lange keine (reine) Sozialarbeitssupervision mehr. Sie wird heute als ein generalisiertes berufs- und arbeitsweltorientiertes Beratungsformat verstanden. Dennoch sind Supervisor/innen heute beratend hauptsächlich in Feldern Sozialer Arbeit tätig. Gleichzeitig ist ihre Geschichte im deutschsprachigen Raum als eine konzeptuelle Wegbewegung von der Sozialen Arbeit zu beschreiben. Diese ist als eine Gegenstands‑, Zuständigkeits- und Kompetenzerweiterung rekonstruierbar. Ihre zentralen Professionalisierungsanforderungen bestehen jedoch im Umgang mit zentralen Widersprüchen der Spätmoderne, was sie wiederum mit ihrem „Ursprungsland“ der Sozialen Arbeit teilt.
CD169/SIGLEC1 is expressed on circulating monocytes in COVID-19 and expression levels are associated with disease severity
Authors: Doehn Jan-Moritz , Tabeling Christoph , Biesen Robert , Saccomanno Jacopo , Madlung Elena , Pappe Eva , Gabriel Frieder , Kurth Florian , Meisel Christian , Corman Victor M. , Hanitsch Leif G. , Treskatsch Sascha , Heim Kathrin , Stegemann Miriam S. , Ruwwe-Glösenkamp Christoph , Müller-Redetzky Holger C. , Uhrig Alexander , Somasundaram Rajan , Spies Claudia , von Bernuth Horst , Hofmann Jörg , Drosten Christian , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Sander Leif E. , Hübner Ralf-Harto
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Type I interferons are important in the defense of viral infections. Recently, neutralizing IgG auto-antibodies against type I interferons were found in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we analyzed expression of CD169/SIGLEC1, a well described downstream molecule in interferon signaling, and found increased monocytic CD169/SIGLEC1 expression levels in patients with mild, acute COVID-19, compared to patients with severe disease. We recommend further clinical studies to evaluate the value of CD169/SIGLEC1 expression in patients with COVID-19 with or without auto-antibodies against type I interferons.
Correction to: Recognition and Work in the Platform Economy: a Normative Reconstruction
Authors: Visser Max , Arnold Thomas C.
Published: April 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s40926-021-00173-1
EfficientPose: Efficient human pose estimation with neural architecture search
Authors: Zhang Wenqiang , Fang Jiemin , Wang Xinggang , Liu Wenyu
Published: April 2021

Human pose estimation from image and video is a key task in many multimedia applications. Previous methods achieve great performance but rarely take efficiency into consideration, which makes it difficult to implement the networks on lightweight devices. Nowadays, real-time multimedia applications call for more efficient models for better interaction. Moreover, most deep neural networks for pose estimation directly reuse networks designed for image classification as the backbone, which are not optimized for the pose estimation task. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework for human pose estimation with two parts, an efficient backbone and an efficient head. By implementing a differentiable neural architecture search method, we customize the backbone network design for pose estimation, and reduce computational cost with negligible accuracy degradation. For the efficient head, we slim the transposed convolutions and propose a spatial information correction module to promote the performance of the final prediction. In experiments, we evaluate our networks on the MPII and COCO datasets. Our smallest model requires only 0.65 GFLOPs with 88.1% PCKh@0.5 on MPII and our large model needs only 2 GFLOPs while its accuracy is competitive with the state-of-the-art large model, HRNet, which takes 9.5 GFLOPs.
Primäre/sekundäre Amenorrhö – wann und wie abklären?
Authors: Aulitzky Anna , Seeber Beata
Published: April 2021

Die primäre und sekundäre Amenorrhö sind häufige Symptome, die sich in ihrer Ätiologie beträchtlich unterscheiden können. Amenorrhö wird als Abwesenheit oder zeitliche Verzögerung der Menstruation definiert. Die Ursachen sind hierbei vielfältig und stellenweise sehr komplex. Auch Diagnostik und Therapie unterscheiden sich mitunter deutlich. Endokrinologische, anatomische, allgemein-internistische, neurologische, genetische, hypothalamische und ovarielle Ätiologien können hierbei eine Rolle spielen und sollten unterschieden werden. Die Diagnostik sollte daher nach einem systematischen Vorgehen erfolgen, um korrekte Diagnosen abzuleiten und Therapieoptionen zeitnah einleiten zu können. Auf den Hintergrund und die Gesamtkonstellation sowie die Wünsche der Patientinnen ist dabei unbedingt Rücksicht zu nehmen. Ein eventuell bestehender Kinderwunsch sollte früh thematisiert werden. In diesem Artikel wird eine Übersicht über die Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie der primären und sekundären Amenorrhö dargelegt.
The Use of Peridynamic Virtual Fibres to Simulate Yielding and Brittle Fracture
Authors: Olsson Jens , Ander Mats , Williams Chris J. K.
Published: April 2021

The forces in the ‘arms’ joining the particles in a peridynamic analysis depend upon the state of stress in the equivalent continuum and the orientation, length and density of the arms. Short and long arms carry less force than medium length arms as controlled by the weighting kernel. We introduce an intermediate step of imagining a mat of long fibres in which the fibre forces only depend upon the stress, the fibre orientation and the length of fibres per unit volume without the added complexity of the arm lengths. The effect of the arm lengths can then be considered as a separate exercise, which does not involve the continuum properties. The arm length is proportional to size of the particles and the separation of length from the state of stress allows for modelling of variable particle density in the discretisation of a problem domain, which enables computationally efficient accurate analysis. We then introduce the concept of arm elongation to fracture in order to model surface energy in fracture mechanics. This means that shorter arms have a larger strain to fracture than longer arms. Numerical implementation demonstrates that this produces a fracture stress that is inversely proportional to the square root of the crack length as predicted by the Griffith theory [1, 2].
Is the Scholarship of Engagement a Meaningful Approach to Foster Change in Community Development Education? Field Notes from Three Community/University Partnerships
Authors: Estrada-Martínez Lorena M. , Raciti Antonio , Reardon Kenneth M. , Reyes Angela G. , Israel Barbara A.
Published: April 2021

Pedagogical approaches in community-engaged education have been the object of interest for those aiming at improving community health and well-being and reducing social and economic inequities. Using the epistemological framework provided by the scholarship of engagement, this article examines three nationally recognized and successful examples of community-university partnerships in the fields of community planning and public health: the East St. Louis Action Research Project, the South Memphis Revitalization Action Project, and the Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center. We review and compare how these partnerships emerged, developed, and engaged students, community partners, and academic researchers with their local communities in ways that achieved positive social change. We conclude by highlighting common elements across the partnerships that provide valuable insights in promoting more progressive forms of community-engaged scholarship, as well as a list of examples of what radical forms of community-engaged education may look like.
Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using peels of Passiflora foetida and study of its activity as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of hazardous organic dye
Authors: Khan Mujahid , Ware Pundlik , Shimpi Navinchandra
Published: April 2021

Creating a sustainable and effective approach to handling organic contaminants from industrial waste is an ongoing problem. In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized under a controlled ultrasound cavitation technique using the extract of Passiflora foetida fruit peels, which act as a reducing (i.e., reduction of metal salt) and stabilizing agent. The formation of monodispersed and hexagonal morphology (average size approximately 58 nm with BET surface area 30.83m2/g). The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by a various technique such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, the XRD pattern confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of synthesized ZnONPs. The ZnO NPs exhibit excellent degradation efficiency towards organic pollutant dyes, i.e., Methylene blue (MB) (93.25% removal) and Rhodamine B (91.06% removal) in 70 min, under natural sunlight with apparent rate constant 0.0337 min−1 (R2 = 0.9749) and 0.0347 min−1 (R2 = 0.9026) respectively.Zeta potential study shows the presence of a negative charge on the surface of ZnO NPs. The use of green synthesized ZnO NPs is a good choice for wastewater treatment, given their high reusability and photocatalytic efficiency, along with adaptability to green synthesis.
Plasma bioscience and its application to medicine
Authors: Choi Eun H. , Uhm Han S. , Kaushik Nagendra K.
Published: April 2021

Nonthermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP), alternatively called bio-cold plasma, is a partially ionized gas that consists of charged particles, neutral atoms and molecules, photons, an electric field, and heat. Recently, nonthermal plasma-based technology has been applied to bioscience, medicine, agriculture, food processing, and safety. Various plasma device configurations and electrode layouts has fast-tracked plasma applications in the treatment of biological and material surfaces. The NBP action mechanism may be related to the synergy of plasma constituents, such as ultraviolet radiation or a reactive species. Recently, plasma has been used in the inactivation of viruses and resistant microbes, such as fungal cells, bacteria, spores, and biofilms made by microbes. It has also been used to heal wounds, coagulate blood, degrade pollutants, functionalize material surfaces, kill cancers, and for dental applications. This review provides an outline of NBP devices and their applications in bioscience and medicine. We also discuss the role of plasma-activated liquids in biological applications, such as cancer treatments and agriculture. The individual adaptation of plasma to meet specific medical requirements necessitates real-time monitoring of both the plasma performance and the target that is treated and will provide a new paradigm of plasma-based therapeutic clinical systems.
Early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A new perspective
Authors: Lu Huan‐Huan , Zeng Hui‐Hui , Chen Yan
Published: April 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease with a high incidence, mortality, and disability rate. Because there are few symptoms in the early stages of COPD, diagnosis and treatment are seriously insufficient. It is necessary to find effective clues for early COPD diagnosis and provide appropriate interventions. Several studies suggest that small airway disease is the earliest stage of COPD because it is correlated with subsequent development of airflow obstruction. However, there are currently no globally accepted criteria for defining early COPD. This study mainly introduced risk factors, definition, diagnosis, and treatment of early COPD from a new perspective.
Megacorporation
Authors: Whelan Glen
Published: April 2021

When the scale and scope of influence that a corporation wields is so great that it eclipses that of nearly all other corporations combined, it attains megacorporate status. Whelan proposes that, amongst the current big tech cohort, it is only Alphabet, the parent company of Google, that can be categorized as such. In advancing a novel philosophical perspective, and aspiring to an amoral ideal of analysis, Whelan reveals Alphabet's activities to be informed by the ideology of infinite times, consequently transforming how we experience the past, present and the future at personal and social levels. By shining a light on such corporate existential impacts, Megacorporation: The Infinite Times of Alphabet opens up a new field of research that makes the philosophical analysis of business and society an everyday concern. This novel study on corporate social influence will appeal to readers interested in big tech, business and society, political economy and organization studies.
Holy Harlots in Medieval English Religious Literature
Authors: Vuille Juliette
Published: April 2021

First comprehensive investigation of the major significance of female sinners turned saints in medieval literature.
The Remains of the Fray: Nascent Colonialism and Heterogeneous Hybridity
Authors: Cobb Charles R. , Legg James B. , Smith Steven D. , DePratter Chester B. , Lieb Brad R. , Boudreaux Edmond A.
Published: April 2021

Investigations at the Native American site complex of Stark Farms in Mississippi, USA, have yielded numerous examples of metal artifacts of European origin. Our study suggests that they derive from contact between the AD 1540–1541 winter encampment of the Spanish Hernando de Soto expedition and the local Indigenous polity. The artifacts display a wide range of modifications, uses, and depositional contexts congruent with hybrid practices. We argue that the early colonial setting of Stark Farms requires a different perspective on cultural mixing than is often applied in studies of European colonialism. This is highlighted by the strongly improvisational nature of the modification of the metal objects, embodying a political climate in which European incursions were precarious and in which hybridity and power were heterogeneous and fluid.
The COVID-19 Army: Experiences From the Deployment of Non-Hospitalist Physician Volunteers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hauck Kevin D. , Hochman Katherine A. , Pochapin Mark B. , Zabar Sondra R. , Wilhite Jeffrey A. , Glynn Gretchen , Bosworth Brian P.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

New York City was the epicenter of the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. As a large, quaternary care medical center, NYU Langone Medical Center was one of many New York medical centers that experienced an unprecedented influx of patients during this time. Clinical leadership effectively identified, oriented, and rapidly deployed a “COVID Army,” consisting of non-hospitalist physicians, to meet the needs of the patient influx. We share feedback from our providers on our processes and offer specific recommendations for systems experiencing a similar influx in the current and future pandemics.

Methods:

To assess the experiences and perceived readiness of these physicians (n = 183), we distributed a 32-item survey between March and June of 2020. Thematic analyses and response rates were examined to develop results.

Results:

Responses highlighted varying experiences and attitudes of our frontline physicians during an emerging pandemic. Thematic analyses revealed a series of lessons learned, including the need to (1) provide orientations, (2) clarify roles/workflow, (3) balance team workload, (4) keep teams updated on evolving policies, (5) make team members feel valued, and (6) ensure they have necessary tools available.

Conclusions:

Lessons from our deployment and assessment are scalable at other institutions.
A continuum model to study fluid dynamics within oscillating elastic nanotubes
Authors: Torres-Herrera Ulises , Corvera Poiré Eugenia
Published: April 2021

We derive equations of motion that describe the dynamics of a fluid confined within an elastic nanotube subject to periodic bending deflections. We use the principle of least action applied to a continuous open system at constant temperature. We solve the equations analytically in two limiting situations: when the tube oscillations are so small that they do not affect the fluid motion, but this one affects the tube dynamics; and when the flow magnitude is so small that it has no influence on the tube dynamics, but this one affects fluid motion. In the first case, we find out that the characteristic bending frequency spectrum of the tube depends not only on the magnitude of flow velocity, as previously stated in the literature, but also on the fluid velocity profile. This could constitute the basis of a strategy for indirect determination of the slip length in carbon nanotubes conveying flow via measurement of the buckling speed. In the second case, we find that tube vibrations can modify the dynamics of the fluid. Particularly, for a fluid subject to a constant pressure gradient, the tube motion induces an oscillatory motion in the fluid with twice the frequency of the tube. Moreover, the amplitude of the oscillatory fluid motion persists at high frequencies. This could constitute a strategy to generate high-frequency flows at nanoscales. Our results open up a panorama to control flow across nanotubes via tube vibrations, which could be complementary to chemical functionalization of nanostructures.
Marination increases the bioavailability of lead in game meat shot with lead ammunition
Authors: Schulz Kirsten , Brenneis Franziska , Winterhalter Richard , Spolders Markus , Fromme Hermann , Dietrich Silvio , Wolf Petra , Gremse Carl , Schafft Helmut , Pieper Robert , Lahrssen-Wiederholt Monika
Published: April 2021

As a consequence of the toxicological lead characteristics, a reduction of its exposure should consider all sources. Game meat might contain elevated levels of lead due to the use of lead ammunition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acidic marination on the bioavailability of ammunition-derived lead in game meat (Roe deer), using the growing pig as an animal model. Furthermore, the study should provide evidence that the large-area scattering of lead particles leads to noticeable differences in the individual lead intake per game meat portion. Pigs of group A (n 7) received lead-shot game meat, which was cooked in water. Pigs of group B (n 7) received lead-shot game meat, which was first marinated (wine and vinegar) and then cooked. The lead content of both game meat preparations was equal with 0⋅77–0⋅79 mg Pb/portion. Pigs of group C (n 4) received lead-free game meat, which was also marinated and cooked. Additionally, lead acetate was administered intravenously to group D pigs (n 4). Blood samples were taken on elevated time points before and after game meat intake/i.v.-application. The acidic marination increased the bioavailability of orally ingested lead, resulting in significantly higher blood lead concentrations. The bioavailability of lead was 2⋅7 % when game meat was just cooked and 15 % when the meat was marinated before. The considerable variation of the individual blood lead concentrations suggests that an inhomogeneous distribution of ammunition-derived lead particles (in terms of size and number) causes individually non-comparable lead intakes from the consumption of game meat.
GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey III: South Galactic Pole data release
Authors: Franzen T. M. O. , Hurley-Walker N. , White S. V. , Hancock P. J. , Seymour N. , Kapińska A. D. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wayth R. B.
Published: April 2021

We present the South Galactic Pole (SGP) data release from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. These data combine both years of GLEAM observations at 72–231 MHz conducted with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and cover an area of 5 113$\mathrm{deg}^{2}$centred on the SGP at$20^{\mathrm{h}} 40^{\mathrm{m}} < \mathrm{RA} < 05^{\mathrm{h}} 04^{\mathrm{m}}$and$-48^{\circ} < \mathrm{Dec} < -2^{\circ} $. At 216 MHz, the typical rms noise is${\approx}5$mJy beam–1and the angular resolution${\approx}2$arcmin. The source catalogue contains a total of 108 851 components above$5\sigma$, of which 77% have measured spectral indices between 72 and 231 MHz. Improvements to the data reduction in this release include the use of the GLEAM Extragalactic catalogue as a sky model to calibrate the data, a more efficient and automated algorithm to deconvolve the snapshot images, and a more accurate primary beam model to correct the flux scale. This data release enables more sensitive large-scale studies of extragalactic source populations as well as spectral variability studies on a one-year timescale.
Women, Bridal Girdles, and the Household in Renaissance Prague
Authors: Parker Anna
Published: April 2021

This article addresses early modern women's power through an object study of the wedding girdle, a thickly embellished belt that was the most costly, emblematic, and intimate item in a Renaissance bride's trousseau, and which uniquely illuminates the lives of women. Building on the work that women's history has done to uncover how women navigated the patriarchal system, I propose that a focus on the household is vital to understanding the socially specific ways in which burgher women – members of the citizen class of Renaissance Prague – exerted agency in their daily lives. Burgher sensibilities, specifically the desire to display the prosperity, industry, and piety of their households, created distinct mechanisms for women to assert themselves. This article sets women's lives against the interwoven structures of the household, namely, gendered roles and expectations, the legal property system, and moral discourses surrounding marriage. By levering these structures, the same that constrained them, burgher women were able to express power.
Human density, economic level and frequency of canine helminths in Buenos Aires
Authors: Rubel D. , Flaibani N.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to explore through cross-sectional study the variation in the prevalence of parasitic helminths in canine faeces collected from green spaces of Buenos Aires according to the human density (HD) and economic level (EL) in the surroundings. HD and EL were considered as independent variables with three categories each. Twenty public squares (one hectare of surface) were randomly selected for each existing combination of the two independent variables. Ten random samples of fresh canine faeces were obtained in each square and analysed for helminths by the sedimentation and flotation techniques. The prevalence for each of the species was analysed using generalized linear models (GLM). The prevalence was modelled with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function. Helminth eggs were detected in 45 out of the 200 (22.5%) faecal samples collected and in 18 of the 20 green spaces sampled. The species observed wereAncylostoma caninum(13% of samples),Trichuris vulpis(8%) andToxocara canis(4.5%). The GLM indicated that the prevalence ofA.caninumin the slum areas (very high HD and very low EL) was higher than that in the other areas studied. However, the HD seemed to contribute more than the EL to the variations in the prevalence ofA.caninumin faecal samples. The GLM showed no differences in the prevalence of the other parasite species for the different levels of the independent variables.
Spectacular Work: Labor as Entertainment at the World's Columbian Exposition Fairgrounds
Authors: Conti Meredith
Published: April 2021

Night is falling in the city. Holiday shoppers bustle down the sidewalk, some pausing to gaze at a colorful billboard publicizing the delights of an upcoming exposition. A few crafty rats scamper along a tall wooden fence, stalked by a sinister ratcatcher of the Dickensian mold. Children frolic, fight, and tease one another in front of the fence, the familiar syncopated strains of Tchaikovsky'sNutcrackeroverture underscoring their exuberant street play. This is not, however, the early 1800s Germany of the upper-class Stahlbaum family. It's 1892 Chicago. In the Joffrey Ballet's 2016 production ofThe Nutcracker, the story of Clara Stahlbaum's innocent Christmas Eve dalliances with an anthropomorphic nutcracker and their journey to the Land of Sweets becomes the story of Marie, the daughter of a Polish immigrant single mother, whose fantasyland is the future Chicago World's Fair. Marie's mother, we learn, is a hired artist working on the fair's sculptures. Marie, Fritz, and their mother inhabit a wooden shack in the heart of the construction site, surrounded by the skeletal structures that will become the White City's buildings. Drosselmeyer is now “The Great Impresario,” a character of vision and magnetism inspired by the fair's Director of Works Daniel H. Burnham, and Marie's working-class mother transforms in the second act into the embodiment of the fair's golden Statue of the Republic, a less saccharine substitute for the Sugar Plum Fairy. The mutual affection of Mother and The Great Impresario spans both acts, and though the ballet leaves unclear the outcome of their budding romance, in it young Marie sees the promise of her American dream: a contented nuclear family.
LATE AND UNEQUAL: MEASURING ENROLMENTS AND RETENTION IN BRAZILIAN EDUCATION, 1933-2010
Authors: Kang Thomas H. , Paese Luís Henrique Z. , Felix Nilson F. A.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a new dataset of enrolment rates and grade distribution ratios (GDR) in Brazil between 1933 and 2010, in addition to enrolment rates and GDR of Brazilian states from 1955 to 2010. To our knowledge, there are no previous estimates of enrolment rates by states for such a long period in Brazil. Enrolment rates and GDR in northern and north-eastern states were meagre and comparable to the lowest Latin American performers, and even the most advanced Brazilian states lagged behind the early leaders of the region, such as Argentina and Uruguay, until the turn of the century. Given a certain enrolment rate, Brazilian states were expected to present lower GDR compared to Latin American countries on average.
Preliminary examination for revealing the provenance dependency of the lattice spacing of biotite for the provenance estimation of Atamadai-type pottery (2500–1500 BC) by XRD
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Miyamoto Kana , Kurisaki Tsutomu
Published: April 2021

A total of 77 pottery shards originating from the Middle Jomon period (2500–1500 BC) were excavated from the Hinoki site in Tochigi, Japan. Fifty-nine of the shards were Atamadai-type pottery in which fragments containing biotite were mixed during the manufacturing process. For the provenance estimation of the biotite temper in the Atamadai-type pottery pieces, the reliance of the biotite's lattice spacing on the samples’ origin was verified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of seven biotite-containing rocks possessing the different provenances. Three samples showed significant differences in the lattice spacing of biotite 001. The remaining samples indicated no significant differences. In addition to lattice spacing, the clarification of the provenance dependency also requires the measurement of the solid-solution ratio (Mg/Fe).
Cubical Agda: A dependently typed programming language with univalence and higher inductive types
Authors: VEZZOSI ANDREA , MÖRTBERG ANDERS , ABEL ANDREAS
Published: April 2021

Proof assistants based on dependent type theory provide expressive languages for both programming and proving within the same system. However, all of the major implementations lack powerful extensionality principles for reasoning about equality, such as function and propositional extensionality. These principles are typically added axiomatically which disrupts the constructive properties of these systems. Cubical type theory provides a solution by giving computational meaning to Homotopy Type Theory and Univalent Foundations, in particular to the univalence axiom and higher inductive types (HITs). This paper describes an extension of the dependently typed functional programming language Agda with cubical primitives, making it into a full-blown proof assistant with native support for univalence and a general schema of HITs. These new primitives allow the direct definition of function and propositional extensionality as well as quotient types, all with computational content. Additionally, thanks also to copatterns, bisimilarity is equivalent to equality for coinductive types. The adoption of cubical type theory extends Agda with support for a wide range of extensionality principles, without sacrificing type checking and constructivity.
COVID-19 pandemic implications in paediatric and congenital heart surgery in Brazil
Authors: Miana Leonardo A. , Manuel Valdano , Antoniali Fernando , Jatene Marcelo B. , Jatene Fábio Biscegli
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacted global healthcare. Consequences in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery programmes and mortality of congenital heart patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still to be determined.

Objective:

To study the COVID-19 pandemic implications in Brazilian Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery programmes.

Methods:

We conducted a national online survey covering all states that perform Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery from 10 November to 22 November, 2020, using a Google forms questionnaire. We formulated questions related to impact on surgical volume, case-mix, and mortality. Then we asked about short-term post-operative COVID-19 infection and outcomes.

Results:

We received responses from 46 centres representing all states where there were a Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery programme and all high-volume centres across the country. All but one centre experienced a significant decrease in surgical volume, and 23.9% of the responders revealed less than one-quarter of volume decrement. On the other hand, in over 70% of the centres, there was a significant surgical volume reduction. In addition to this, there was a shift in case-mix in 41 centres (89.1%) towards more complex cases. More than one-third of the responders revealed increased mortality in 2020 compared to previous years, and 43.5% of the programmes (20 centres) had at least one patient contaminated by SARS-Cov-2, accounting for 48 patients. Mortality in post-operative infected patients was 45.8% (22 patients).

Conclusions:

In general, Brazilian Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery programmes were severely affected by decreased surgical volume, unbalanced case-mix towards more complex cases, and increased mortality. Almost half of the programmes related post-operative COVID-19 contamination with high mortality.
Sugary drinks taxation: industry’s lobbying strategies, practices and arguments in the Brazilian Legislature
Authors: Mariath Aline Brandão , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess the strategies, practices and arguments used by the industry to lobby legislators against sugary drinks taxation in Brazil.

Design:

We performed a content analysis of arguments put forward by sugary drink and sugar industries against sugary drinks taxation, using the framework developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support to assess corporate political activity of the food industry.

Setting:

Two public hearings held in 2017 and 2018 in the Brazilian Legislature.

Participants:

Representatives from two prominent industry associations – one representing Big Soda and the other representing the main sugar, ethanol and bioelectricity producers.

Results:

The ‘Information and messaging’ and ‘Policy substitution’ strategies were identified. Five practices were identified in the ‘Information and messaging’ strategy (four described in the original framework and an additional practice, ‘Stress the environmental importance of the industry’). Mechanisms not included in the original framework identified were ‘Stress the reduction of CO2emissions promoted by the industry’; ‘Question the effectiveness of regulation’; ‘Suggest public-private partnerships’; ‘Shift the blame away from the product’ and ‘Question sugary drinks taxation as a public health recommendation’. No new practices or mechanisms to the original framework emerged in the ‘Policy substitution’ strategy.

Conclusions:

The strategies and practices are used collectively and complement each other. Arguments herein identified are in line with those reported in other countries under different contexts and using different methodologies. Future research should address whether and under what conditions lobbying from this industry sector is effective in the Brazilian Legislature.
What is recycled water, anyway? Investigating greenhouse grower definitions, perceptions, and willingness to use recycled water
Authors: McOmber Chesney , Zhuang Yan , Raudales Rosa E. , Vadas Timothy M. , Kirchhoff Christine J.
Published: April 2021

As climate change and agriculture burden water resources globally, there is a need for more efficient water use including irrigation with recycled water in greenhouses. While research has proven that properly treated recycled water can be safe for use, many growers still express concern. Underlying most studies on growers' perceptions is the assumption that they understand recycled water the same way scholars and policy makers do—as municipally treated wastewater. We question this assumption and explore whether the ways in which growers conceptualize recycled water is associated with the ways they perceive its usability. Our findings reveal that growers define recycled water in four different ways—captured water, treated water, recirculation and in a general sense as ‘reuse’. These definitions do appear to suggest trends in the way recycled water is perceived by growers. While these definitions do not significantly affect growers' willingness to use, other factors such as prior experience using recycled water appear to be significant.
Simulated controlled-release mesotrione for turfgrass tolerance and weed control
Authors: Goddard Matthew J.R. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: April 2021

Mesotrione typically requires multiple applications to control emerged weeds in turfgrass. As it is absorbed by both foliage and roots, a controlled-release (CR) formulation could eliminate the need for multiple applications. Research was conducted to evaluate simulated-release scenarios that mimic a potential CR mesotrione formulation. A soluble-concentrate formulation of mesotrione was titrated to produce a stepwise change in mesotrione rates, which were applied daily to mimic predetermined release scenarios over a 3-wk period. CR scenarios were compared to a broadcast treatment of mesotrione at 280 g ai ha–1 applied twice at 3-wk intervals, and a nontreated. Mesotrione applied in three temporal-release scenarios controlled creeping bentgrass, goosegrass, nimblewill, smooth crabgrass, and white clover equivalent to the standard sprayed mesotrione treatment in every comparison. However, each CR scenario injured tall fescue two to seven times more than the standard treatment. Soil- and foliar-initiated repeat treatments were equivalent in most comparisons. Our data indicate that mesotrione applied in a temporal range to simulate controlled-release scenarios can deliver desired weed control efficacy comparable to sequential broadcast applications. More research is needed to elucidate proper timings and release scenarios to minimize turfgrass injury.
Injury potential of herbicide combinations on XtendFlex® cotton
Authors: Samples Chase Allen , Vieira Bruno C. , Irby Jon Trenton , Reynolds Daniel , Catchot Angus , Kruger Greg R. , Dodds Darrin M.
Published: April 2021

XtendFlex® technology from Bayer allows growers to apply glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba POST to cotton. Since the evolution and spread of glyphosate-resistant weed species, early POST applications with several modes of action have become common. However, crop injury potential from these applications warrants further examination. Field studies were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at two locations in Mississippi to evaluate XtendFlex® cotton injury from herbicide application. Herbicide applications were made to XtendFlex® cotton at the three- to six-leaf stage with herbicide combinations composed of two-, three-, and four-way combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate,S-metolachlor, and three formulations of dicamba. Data collection included visual estimations of injury, stand counts, cotton height, total mainstem nodes, and nodes above whiteflower at first bloom. Data collection at the end of the season included cotton height, total mainstem nodes, and nodes above cracked boll. Visual estimations of injury from herbicide applications were highest at 3 d following applications containing glufosinate +S-metolachlor (36% to 41% injury) and glufosinate +S-metolachlor in combination with dicamba + glyphosate (39% to 41% injury), regardless of the dicamba formulation. Crop injury decreased at each rating interval and dissipated by 28 d following applications (P = 0.3748). Height reductions were present at first bloom and at the end of the season (P < 0.0001), although cotton yield was unaffected (P = 0.2089), even when injury at 3 d after application was greater than 30%. Results indicate that growers may apply a variety of herbicide tank mixtures to XtendFlex® cotton and expect no yield penalty. Furthermore, if growers are concerned with cotton injury after herbicide applications, the use of glufosinate in combination withS-metolachlor should be approached with caution in XtendFlex® cotton.
Five Decades of Observed Daily Precipitation Reveal Longer and More Variable Drought Events Across Much of the Western United States
Authors: Zhang Fangyue , Biederman Joel A. , Dannenberg Matthew P. , Yan Dong , Reed Sasha C. , Smith William K.
Published: April 2021

Multiple lines of evidence suggest climate change will result in increased precipitation variability and consequently more frequent extreme events. These hydroclimatic changes will likely have significant socioecological impacts, especially across water‐limited regions. Here we present an analysis of daily meteorological observations from 1976 to 2019 at 337 long‐term weather stations distributed across the western United States (US). In addition to widespread warming (0.2 °C ± 0.01°C/decade, daily maximum temperature), we observed trends of reduced annual precipitation (−2.3 ± 1.5 mm/decade) across most of the region, with increasing interannual variability of precipitation. Critically, daily observations showed that extreme‐duration drought became more common, with increases in both the mean and longest dry interval between precipitation events (0.6 ± 0.2, 2.4 ± 0.3 days/decade) and greater interannual variability in these dry intervals. These findings indicate that, against a backdrop of warming and drying, large regions of the western US are experiencing intensification of precipitation variability, with likely detrimental consequences for essential ecosystem services.
Climate‐Driven Characteristics of Sea‐Land Breezes Over the Globe
Authors: Shen Lixing , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Xingchuan
Published: April 2021

Sea‐land breeze (SLB) is a critical component of the urban environment, wind power utilization, fishing industry, etc. along coastal areas where 40% world population live. Surrounding meteorological factors like the background wind field, temperature, and cloud fraction have all been reported to greatly impact SLB evolution. However, a climatological understanding of SLBs over the globe remains limited. This study quantifies the significance of SLBs under different climates over the globe for the first time, and investigates the long‐term trends in SLBs where there is significant existence of SLB. The results demonstrate that climate type plays a leading role in the significance and trends of global SLBs while special surface conditions, ocean currents, and landscapes explain abnormal cases. Climatologically, adequate in‐situ solar radiation and mild background meteorological field are the two root factors that ensure the significant existence of SLB.