bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Design Broadband Negative Inductors with Tight Tolerance for Microwave Applications
Authors: Buiantuev B. S. , Kalmykov N. S. , Iakovenko E. V. , Kholodnyak D. V.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Non-Foster elements (NFEs) mimic behavior of hypothetical negative inductors or capacitors in a certain frequency band. NFEs are used to compensate reactance of conventional inductors and capacitors that allows designing broadband microwave devices. To realize NFEs, active circuits referred to as negative impedance converters (NICs) are employed to convert the load impedance into the negative input impedance. The conversion error, caused by non-optimal choice of NIC parameters and non-idealities of NIC components, limits the accuracy and operating bandwidth of NFEs. The necessity to account for many factors, which indirectly and oppositely impact the final result, and unavailability of a universal design methodology complicate the design of NFEs significantly. As a result, broadband NFE characteristics differ from the target ones remarkably that limits practical applications.

Aim. Elaboration of a design methodology to compensate the Linvill’s NIC conversion error and realize high-accuracy broadband negative inductors.

Materials and methods. Influence of NIC constituent parameters on the negative inductor frequency characteristics is considered. The performed analysis and the identified relationships allowed us to propose a step-by-step methodology to design negative inductors having tight tolerance over a broad frequency band. The use of a transmission line section instead of a lumped inductor in the NIC load when realizing negative inductors of high absolute values is shown to be advantageous as this allows providing better tolerance and wider bandwidth.

Results. In order to demonstrate possibilities enabled by the proposed methodology, simulation results are presented for the GHz-range negative inductors with a set of inductance and tolerance values.

Conclusion. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to compensate the conversion error without any numerical optimization and therefore to reduce the deviation of the negative inductance from the target value in the given frequency range or to broaden the bandwidth for a given tolerable deviation of the negative inductance.
RESTORATION OF THE DAMAGED SEWAGE COLLECTOR AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MILITARY AGGRESSION
Authors: Aleynikova A. , Hulievskyi P. , Lykhohrai V. , Voronenko I.
Published: December 2023

The conditions of military aggression and a limited budget pose a number of challenges to the system of sewage networks, the solution of which is critically important for maintaining the functionality and efficiency of the infrastructure. Accidental damages that have occurred in recent years on the sections of sewer tunnels in the city of Kharkiv are evidence of the main cause of local collapse - damage to the reinforced concrete structure of the tunnel vault as a result of biogenic corrosion. At the same time, as a rule, the tray part, which is constantly filled with sewage, remains intact and can be used as a basis for further repair and restoration works. The article examines the technology developed by the authors for repair and restoration works on destroyed sewer tunnels using basalt tiles. The calculation of the tunnel fragment was carried out using the finite element method in PC SKAD, which allows determining the reinforcement scheme of the reinforced concrete structure. This design ensures the stability of the newly created sewer tunnel when it is affected by traffic that is on the surface of the soil. To justify the feasibility of using the proposed technology, two options for restoring the destroyed tunnel were considered: the method using stone casting tiles; method of replacing destroyed pipes with polyethylene ones. As an example, a section of the tunnel with an internal diameter of 1840 mm was chosen. The calculation of the economic effectiveness of the implementation of organizational and technological solutions for the repair and restoration of sewer tunnels using basalt tiles showed that the reconstruction of the tunnel using the method of laying basalt tiles (alternative technology) is almost twice as effective, which is economically feasible and scientifically justified. And under the conditions of tough market competition and savings of financial resources, the priority indicator of choosing a technology, according to comparable operational characteristics, is its cost. Keywords: sewer tunnel, basalt, technological solutions, economic efficiency, open method.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND TYPES OF VISUALISATION OF INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS
Authors: Votinov M. , Smirnova O.
Published: December 2023

The study is devoted to the modern practical experience of the formation of innovative architectural objects in the urban environment, highlighting the peculiarities of their architectural design and visualisation. Clarifying key concepts and terms necessary for defining the issues of designing and visualising these innovative architectural objects, such as architectural idea, architectural creativity, architectural concept, architectural environment, architectural form, and model, is a focal point. Theoretical exploration and analysis of the experiences of forming innovative architectural objects reveal them to be complex and unique structures, buildings, and complexes in the urban environment. Creating such objects demands careful consideration of various influencing factors, including urban planning, architectural planning, constructional, ecological, aesthetic, and economic aspects. The article considers different types of architectural design and visualisation of innovative architectural objects. Furthermore, the concept of ‘visualisation’ is defined as a specific way of demonstrating the nature of the model of architectural objects. We highlighted the role of automated design systems in creating innovative architectural objects, showcasing their ability to save time due to the automation of many typical operations and ensure maximum accuracy of drawings. The discussion extends to the features of using two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer graphics and animation. Two-dimensional computer graphics are a collection of images created with the help of a computer, while three-dimensional graphics are intended to simulate photography or video recording of pre-prepared three-dimensional objects. The main functions of three-dimensional graphics programs are defined as the creation of three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional drawings, visualisation of 3D drawings, and calculation functions. The article identifies the most common software for creating innovative architectural objects and their surrounding environment, including AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, and 3D Studio MAX. Artlantis R, SketchUp, Maya, Cinema 4D, SolidWorks, V-Ray, and Blender, among others, are also used for visualising innovative architectural objects. A few advantages of using modern computer architectural design and visualisation capabilities have been revealed. Notably, the realistic graphic demonstration of a projected 3D model of an innovative architectural object provides the most comprehensive idea of its future appearance and the nature of its surroundings. Such a model makes it possible to see the object from different angles in the exterior as well as evaluate its quality characteristics in the interior. We conclude by outlining prospective trends in the design and visualisation of innovative architectural objects, underscoring the ongoing evolution in this dynamic field.
Keywords: architectural design, visualisation, innovations, architectural object, environment.
Electronic libraries as the key structural component of e-librarianship
Authors: Shrayberg Ya. L.
Published: December 2023

The author examines e-libraries as a subdivision of the new discipline of e-librarianship. The e-libraries as a particular subject of the library information environment emerged in 1990s, and in the mid-decade, the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology (RNPLS&T) introduced its first e-collections. In 2020–2022, within the framework of the new research theme “Electronic Librarianship”, the RNPLS&T was developing the subjects of e-librarianship entity and definition, as well as of the terminological system. Today, the RNPLS&T’s research team has been preparing the multi-authored monograph “Electronic Librarianship”. The author discusses definitions for e-libraries offered by several scientists, with the preference given to that introduced in the textbook “Electronic libraries. Information and communication environment” [in Russian].

The author characterizes the major e-libraries, both national and global. Further intensive development and improvement of e-libraries is beyond doubt. The author suggests that the National Electronic Library (NEL) and Open Information Archives are to play the leading role in this process.

The e-library is one of the subjects of studies in the area of e-librarianship. The generic affinity of the concepts of “library” and “e-library” is emphasized, which makes the e-librarianship the subdiscipline of general librarianship. Meanwhile, the e-librarianship covers a particular wide substantive area. The e-librarianship structure has to become the focus of further studies. The terms “e-library” and “digital library” are specified.

The key trends of developing e-libraries as a component of library systems and libraries in the digital environment are defined, e. g. consolidation of providers of e-resource management systems, introduction of open source projects and information systems to support science, etc.

Today, almost every university (high school), research institute, large or even medium-size library get their e-libraries, which stipulates and actualizes the development of new discipline of e-librarianship by RNPLS&T’s team.

The modern libraries’ integration into the general information space is the key to further success.

The article is prepared under the Government Order No. 075-01235-23-01 of August 9, 2023, theme No. 1021062311368-2-5.8.3 “Development pf electronic librarianship as a scientific and academic discipline in the circumstances of transforming library collections, reference, bibliographic and document services in the digital environment (FNEG-2022-0004)”
Pengaruh latihan imagery terhadap latihan shooting pada Atlet Petanque Kabupaten Bekasi
Authors: Wijaya Angga , Iskandar Tatang , Rasyono Rasyono
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum konsistennya kemampuan shooting atlet yang disebabkan kurangnya confidence atlet saat pertandingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan imagery terhadap hasil shooting pada Atlet Petanque Kabupaten Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain “two group pretest posttest design”. Adapun instrumen tes dalam penelitian dalam penelitian ini yaitu Shot One Target dengan jarak 6, 7, dan 8 meter. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik “Sistematic-Sampling” dengan jumlah sebanyak 14 Atlet. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu latihan eksternal imagery dan internal imagery. Pada latihan eksternal imagery, Atlet dibantu dengan alunan musik klasik karya Ludwig Van Biethoven dengan judul Symphony dan Fur Elise. Sedangkan pada latihan internal imagery, Atlet melakukan imagery langsung ditempat latihan sambil melakukan drill shooting dengan satu target bola besi sasaran. Hasil tes menunjukkan rata-rata pretest menggunakan latihan imagery sebesar 6,86 dan hasil posttest 9,86, meningkat sebesar 3,00. Sedangkan hasil rata-rata pretest tidak menggunakan latihan imagery sebesar 6,86, dan hasil posttest sebesar 8,00, meningkat sebesar 1,14. Selisih rata-rata peningkatan hasil shooting dengan latihan imagery dan tanpa latihan imagery adalah 1,86. Berdasarkan analisis pengolahan data, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan latihan imagery terhadap hasil shooting pada Atlet Petanque Kabupaten Bekasi
Survei kebugaran jasmani siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sumbersari III Kota Malang
Authors: Putra Faizal Handoko , Kurniawan Ari Wibowo
Published: December 2023

Kebugaran jasmani ialah salah satu aspek krusial pada kegiatan sehari-hari. Dengan mempunyai kebugaran jasmani yang bugar dapat membantu siswa lebih siap untuk mengikuti proses belajar disekolah. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan guna melihat tingkat kebugaran jasmani pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sumbersari III Kota Malang. Untuk penelitian ini memakai metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memakai rancangan survei. Untuk subyek percobaan pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sumbersari III Kota Malang dengan jumlah populasi 83 siswa dan 43 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Data yang diperolah berdasarkan perhitungan hasil tes TKJI diolah dengan perhitungan manual, menunjukan siswa yang mempunyai kebugaran jasmani pada ukuran baik sekali berjumlah 0 siswa, selanjutnya siswa yang mempunyai kebugaran jasmani pada ukuran baik berjumlah 0 siswa, selanjutnya siswa yang mempunyai kebugaran jasmani pada ukuran sedang sejumlah 3 siswa, selanjutnya siswa yang mempunyai kebugaran jasmani dengan ukuran kurang sejumlah 22 siswa, sedangkan siswa, yang mempunyai kebugaran jasmani dengan ukuran kurang sekali sejumlah 18 siswa. Oleh karena itu kebugaran jasmani siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sumbersari III Kota Malang tergolong mempunyai tingkat kebugaran jasmani kurang.
Study on movement law of overburden strata and fracture zone height in deep mining work face
Authors: Lu Changyuan , Zhang Xuebo , Han Linxiu
Published: December 2023

In order to accurately determine the location of fracture zone, optimize the design parameters of high-level boreholes, and improve the effect of gas drainage, take the No. 25030 working face of Xuehu Coal Mine, Henan Shenhuo Coal & Power Co., Ltd. as the research object to study the movement law of overburden strata in the working face. To determine the height of ‘vertical three zones’ of overburden strata by combining theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field test. Through theoretical calculation, the maximum vertical height range of caving zone from coal seam roof is 5.5–9.2 m, and the maximum vertical height range of water flowing fractured zone from coal seam roof is 26.0–37.2 m. Through numerical simulation, the maximum height of the caving zone is 8.0 m from the roof, and the maximum height of the fracture zone is 27.0 m from the roof. Through field test, when the vertical height of the final borehole from the roof of the coal seam is 18.4–30.0 m, the gas concentration extracted by the borehole is generally high. When the vertical height of the borehole is 24.6–28.4 m from the coal seam roof, the gas concentration is in the peak area. The height distribution range of rock “vertical three zones” in Xuehu Mine No. 25030 working face obtained by three methods is roughly similar, and it is suggested to refer to the measured value in the design of goaf gas drainage. The test results show that the gas drainage effect is the best when the vertical distance from the coal seam roof is 24.6–28.4 m, and it is suggested that the high level boreholes should be arranged in this area.
Investigating the protective effects of mindfulness-based attention training on mind wandering in applied settings
Authors: Price Malena M. , Zanesco Anthony P. , Denkova Ekaterina , Barry Jordan , Rogers Scott L. , Jha Amishi P.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Mind wandering, a phenomenon in which attention drifts away from the task-at-hand, is associated with deleterious effects on performance and well-being. As such, efforts to curb mind wandering are warranted. Recently, mindfulness training (MT) has been found to protect against mind wandering. Yet, many MT programs are at risk of falling off the implementation cliff due to challenges implementing these programs in applied settings. To mitigate against this, early-stage research in small convenience samples may be necessary to spur stakeholder engagement and collaboration. Herein, the effects of MT on mind wandering were examined via an internal meta-analysis of early-stage studies of a manualized, context-adaptable short-form MT program, referred to as Mindfulness-Based Attention Training (MBAT).

Methods

Five longitudinal studies (N = 304) were conducted in a variety of organizational cohorts. Self-reported mind wandering and meta-awareness, as well as accuracy (A’) and response time variability (intra-individual coefficient of variation, ICV) during performance of the sustained attention to response task (SART) were assessed at baseline (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2) in MBAT and no-training participants.

Results

Standardized mean change (SMC) from T1 to T2 significantly differed between MBAT and no-training groups for mind wandering (ΔSMC = −0.387, p < 0.001), meta-awareness (ΔSMC = −0.374, p < 0.001), and ICV (ΔSMC = −0.376, p = 0.043), suggesting potential protective effects in self-reported and performance-based metrics of mind wandering.

Discussion

These results serve as preliminary proof-of-concept support for MBAT’s protective effects on mind wandering. Further, they suggest that MBAT is amenable to implementation across a variety of applied and organizational settings and warrants additional research employing larger sample sizes in randomized controlled designs.
Digital Culture, Knowledge, and Commitment to Digital Transformation and Its Impact on the Competitiveness of Portuguese Organizations
Authors: Cardoso António , Pereira Manuel Sousa , Sá José Carlos , Powell Daryl John , Faria Silvia , Magalhães Miguel
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to understand the impact of digital culture on companies’ knowledge and constant commitment to digital transformation, as well as its impact on organizations as a whole. Secondly, it aimed to explore the impact of digital technology adoption on organizational performance and competitiveness. Finally, the study investigated the role of knowledge management during digital transformation. A quantitative study was developed using a descriptive design. A questionnaire was developed on pre-test was carried out withon 15 participants and since no doubts or difficulties were detected, it was made available on the internet between January and April 2022. A total of 291 questionnaires were collected and validated. Data were imported from Google Forms for analysis in SPSS, version 25.0, andSmartPLS® 4.0 software. The questionnaire revealed good internal consistency (α = 0.922). Ten of the twelve hypotheses were confirmed, that is, the existence of positive and significant relationships between digital culture (DC) and knowledge of digital transformation (KDT); DC and adoption of digital technologies (ADT); DC and knowledge management (KM); commitment (C) and KDT; C and productivity (P); KDT and ADT; ADT and KM; ADT and P; ADT and C; and P and C. The results of regression analyses showed that the variables that contributed to the model (“competitiveness of organizations”) were productivity, the adoption of digital technologies, commitment to digital technologies, and knowledge management. The variables CD and KDT (Knowledge of digital transformation) presented lower and non-significant values.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Efficiency in Polish Agriculture
Authors: Genstwa Natalia , Zmyślona Jagoda
Published: December 2023

Analysis of the efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture is an important part of agricultural and environmental economics research. The theme is extremely important due to the deepening problem of climate change and the simultaneous need to ensure food security. However, counteracting climate change cannot be achieved at the expense of reducing agricultural productivity. Due to the need to study the economic-environmental relationship in agriculture, the main purpose of this study was to assess the changes in the level and structure of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and to examine the changes in efficiency of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The authors also estimated the relative efficiency of emissions, which allowed for comparing the efficiency of emissions between agriculture and other sectors of the national economy. Analyzing the changes in agricultural emissions efficiency, as well as changes in relative efficiency of emissions, is an indirect way of assessing whether the ongoing trends are consistent with the sustainable development concept and if the country is effective enough in mitigating climate change in relation to its economic performance. The research conducted showed that agriculture has a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions among all sectors of the Polish economy. However, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture decreased by a total of 23.5% in the years studied. The most significant changes occurred in the context of greenhouse gas emissions from intestinal fermentation. The research also shows that the efficiency of emissions from agriculture more than doubled in the years examined. However, it decreased compared to other sectors of the economy in the country. This study was based on emissions data retrieved from National Inventory Reports prepared by the National Center for Emissions Management and on the Agricultural Statistical Yearbooks of the Central Statistical Office. This paper also proposes some examples of measures that could be taken to reduce agricultural emissions. Some of them include reducing food losses, sustainable use of fertilizers, increasing energy efficiency, and greater use of renewable energy.
Suppressive Activity of Glechoma hederacea Extracts against the Phytopathogenic Oomycete Plasmopara viticola, and First Screening of the Active Metabolites
Authors: Zorrilla Jesús G. , Giovannini Oscar , Nadalini Stefano , Zanini Alberto , Russo Maria Teresa , Masi Marco , Puopolo Gerardo , Cimmino Alessio
Published: December 2023

Plasmopara viticola is a destructive oomycete that affects grapevines, causing significant economic losses worldwide. This study highlights how the plant Glechoma hederacea might be at the basis for the development of biofungicides to control P. viticola. The aqueous extract obtained from G. hederacea aerial parts showed strong inhibition activity against P. viticola, comparable to that of copper hydroxide. The bioguided purification of the extract by chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of six pure metabolites, identified as the aromatic compounds carvacrol, caffeic acid and methyl caffeate, the flavonoids cirsimaritin and apigenin and the polyphenolic acid rosmarinic acid by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report about the isolation of methyl caffeate and cirsimaritin from G. hederacea. Caffeic acid and methyl caffeate showed the highest disease severity reduction, while carvacrol, cirsimaritin and apigenin also showed moderate activity against P. viticola. The inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract could suggest synergetic or additive action of caffeic acid and methyl caffeate together with other compounds contained in the extract. This study provides insights into the potential of G. hederacea as an allelopathic tool for developing control methods against P. viticola, revealing the combined action of different metabolites involved in the mechanism of action of the active compounds.
A Study on Agricultural Commodity Price Prediction Model Based on Secondary Decomposition and Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Sun Changxia , Pei Menghao , Cao Bo , Chang Saihan , Si Haiping
Published: December 2023

In order to address the significant prediction errors resulting from the substantial fluctuations in agricultural product prices and the non-linear features, this paper proposes a hybrid forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). This combined model is referred to as the VMD–EEMD–LSTM model. Initially, the original time series of agricultural product prices undergoes decomposition using VMD to obtain a series of variational mode functions (VMFs) and a residual component with higher complexity. Subsequently, the residual component undergoes a secondary decomposition using EEMD. All components are then fed into an LSTM model for training to obtain predictions for each component. Finally, the predictions for each component are linearly combined to generate the ultimate price forecast. To validate the effectiveness of the VMD–EEMD–LSTM model, empirical analyses were conducted for one-step and multi-step forecasts using weekly price data for pork, Chinese chives, shiitake mushrooms, and cauliflower from China’s wholesale agricultural markets. The results indicate that the composite model developed in this study provides enhanced forecasting accuracy.
Family Net Income, Input Factor Prices and Agriculture Services Selection Behavior of Maize Farmers
Authors: Yang Qiaoni , Zhang Ningning , Lu Qianwen , Han Xinru
Published: December 2023

Scaling service operations is an effective way to promote modernization among small farmers. Exploring the factors influencing grain farmers’ choices in selecting services is essential to promote the strong development of the agricultural production service market and improve the efficiency of agricultural operations in China. Based on the 2019 data on corn farmers in the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) database, and using the Double-Hurdle Model, the factors influencing the service selection behavior of corn farmers are explored, and the research conclusions are as follows: (1) agricultural service prices have a negative impact on the demand for agricultural services, which varies from service to service; (2) labor prices do not influence the demand for any kind of service; (3) land circulation rents have a negative impact on the demand for agricultural services, which varies from service to service; (4) a high family net income can significantly prompt the adoption of agricultural services, which varies from service to service; (5) small-scale farmers are more sensitive to changes in service prices than large-scale farmers; (6) the four economic factors have no effect on the sowing service market. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward suggestions such as improving the market price mechanism for agricultural production services, and increasing subsidies related to agricultural production services.
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase and AmpC-β-Lactamase Production among Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Garba Zakaria , Kaboré Bérenger , Bonkoungou Isidore J. O. , Natama Magloire H. , Rouamba Toussaint , Haukka Kaisa , Kirveskari Juha P. , Tinto Halidou , Sangaré Lassana , Barro Nicolas , Kantele Anu
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are sparse across numerous African countries, as microbiological analyses are not routinely conducted and surveillance data are not collected. Accordingly, clinical samples are not routinely tested for carbapenem-resistant bacteria and, therefore, the general understanding of their prevalence in the region remains limited. Methods: Between January 2020 and June 2022, we collected extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) isolates from five hospitals in Burkina Faso. After an initial culture on ESBL-selective media, the species were identified using API20E and isolates were tested against 13 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton (MH) agar. ESBL production was confirmed via a double-disc synergy test. Production of carbapenemases and AmpC-β-lactamases and phenotypic co-resistance were determined. Results: Among the 473 ESBL-PE, 356 were ESBL-E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 117 were Klebsiella spp. (ESBL-K). Of these isolates, 5.3% were carbapenemase and 5.3% were AmpC-β-lactamase-positive. Three types of carbapenemases were identified: 19 NDM, 3 OXA-48-like and 1 VIM. Two isolates produced both NDM and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Carbapenemase producers were detected at all levels of healthcare. Co-resistance rates were up to 85% for aminoglycosides, 90% for sulfonamides, 95% for fluoroquinolones and 25% for chloramphenicol. Fosfomycin resistance was 6% for ESBL-Ec and 49% for ESBL-K (49%). Conclusions: Some of the ESBL-Ec and ESBL-K co-produced carbapenemases and/or AmpC-β-lactamases at all healthcare levels and in various sample types with high co-resistance rates to non-betalactams. Carbapenem resistance is no longer rare, calling for testing in routine diagnostics, a comprehensive resistance surveillance system and infection control within healthcare.
H2S-Synthesizing Enzymes Are Putative Determinants in Lung Cancer Management toward Personalized Medicine
Authors: Hipólito Ana , Mendes Cindy , Martins Filipa , Lemos Isabel , Francisco Inês , Cunha Fernando , Almodôvar Teresa , Albuquerque Cristina , Gonçalves Luís G. , Bonifácio Vasco D. B. , Vicente João B. , Serpa Jacinta
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer is a lethal disease with no truly efficient therapeutic management despite the progresses, and metabolic profiling can be a way of stratifying patients who may benefit from new therapies. The present study is dedicated to profiling cysteine metabolic pathways in NSCLC cell lines and tumor samples. This was carried out by analyzing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ATP levels, examining mRNA and protein expression patterns of cysteine catabolic enzymes and transporters, and conducting metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Selenium–chrysin (SeChry) was tested as a therapeutic alternative with the aim of having an effect on cysteine catabolism and showed promising results. NSCLC cell lines presented different cysteine metabolic patterns, with A549 and H292 presenting a higher reliance on cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) to maintain H2S levels, while the PC-9 cell line presented an adaptive behavior based on the use of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) and cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1), both contributing to the role of cysteine as a pyruvate source. The analyses of human lung tumor samples corroborated this variability in profiles, meaning that the expression of certain genes may be informative in defining prognosis and new targets. Heterogeneity points out individual profiles, and the identification of new targets among metabolic players is a step forward in cancer management toward personalized medicine.
Dietary β-Glucan Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Side Effects by Increasing the Levels of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Modifying Intestinal Microbiota in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Qiao Yanbing , Han Fenglu , Peng Xuhan , Rombenso Artur , Li Erchao
Published: December 2023

Antibiotics and their secondary metabolites are commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, leading to the passive exposure of many aquatic animals to low doses of antibiotics, which can affect their health. However, there is limited information available on how to mitigate the side effects of antibiotics on normal aquatic animals. This study aimed to investigate the potential of dietary β-glucan to alleviate the side effects induced by antibiotics in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (0.37 ± 0.02 g). A six-week feeding trial was conducted with four dietary treatments including a control, 1 g/kg β-glucan (β-glucan), 50 mg/kg oxytetracycline (OTC), and a combination of 50 mg/kg OTC and 1 g/kg β-glucan (Mix) groups. At the end of the trial, the growth performance, intestinal microbial composition, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of the shrimp were assessed. There were no significant differences in growth performance among the groups, but the condition factor of the shrimp in the Mix group was significantly decreased when compared to the control and β-glucan groups. The activities of hepatopancreas catalase (CAT) and serum phenol oxidase in the OTC group were significantly lower than those in the control group. On the other hand, the activities of hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase and CAT enzymes in the β-glucan group were significantly higher than those in the OTC group. The supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics significantly increased the CAT activity and bacteriolytic activity compared to the OTC and control groups, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed that the Observed_species estimator in the Mix group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Dietary antibiotics significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, but the Mix group showed no significant difference. The supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics also significantly increased the relative abundance of Meridianimaribacter compared to the control group. Additionally, the synergistic influence of β-glucan with antibiotics increased the beta diversity of intestinal microbiotas. These findings suggest that the supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics on Pacific white shrimp can alleviate the low antioxidant capacity and immune response caused by antibiotics while enhancing the intestinal microbial composition. This provides a potential solution to mitigate the negative impacts of antibiotics in aquaculture.
Vitamin B12 Supplementation Improves Oocyte Development by Modulating Mitochondria and Yolk Protein in a Caffeine-Ingested Caenorhabditis elegans Model
Authors: Min Hyemin , Lee Mijin , Kang Sangwon , Shim Yhong-Hee
Published: December 2023

Vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor involved in the function of two enzymes: cytosolic methionine synthase and mitochondrial methylmalonic-CoA mutase. In our previous studies, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), the most popular bioactivator, was shown to reduce yolk protein (vitellogenin) and fertility in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Based on the previous finding that methionine supplementation increases vitellogenesis in C. elegans, we investigated the role of vitamin B12 in methionine-mediated vitellogenesis during oogenesis in caffeine-ingested animals (CIA). Vitamin B12 supplementation improved vitellogenesis and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing mitochondrial function in CIA. Furthermore, the decreased number of developing oocytes and high levels of reactive oxygen species in oocytes from CIA were recovered with vitamin B12 supplementation through a reduction in mitochondrial stress, which increased vitellogenesis. Taken together, vitamin B12 supplementation can reverse the negative effects of caffeine intake by enhancing methionine-mediated vitellogenesis and oocyte development by reducing mitochondrial stress.
Quantitative Scale Analysis of the Channel Bar in a Braided River and Its Internal Architecture
Authors: Li Haichen , Li Jianghai , Li Zhandong
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a new research method for braided river sedimentation on the beach shore based on the action of tidal currents. This study conducts a statistical analysis of the length and width of a single braided river and channel bar sand body, and establishes the relationship function model of the quantitative scale of a single braided river and the channel bar. According to the core and logging data of the Nanwu area of the target oilfield, a quantitative methodology based on the calculation of a single accretion scale is established from three perspectives: the architecture interface identification of the accretion, the occurrence and scale calculation of the interlayer, and the scale calculation of the single accretion. In the Nanwu area, the inclination angle of the accretion interface in the direction of the long axis is 0.78–1.32°, and the inclination angle of the accretion interface in the direction of the short axis is 2.02–3.78°. The density of a single well group is generally 2–3 per well. The length of the single accretion in the channel bar is 700–1500 m. Based on these findings, this paper completes the construction of the architecture of the channel bar, and establishes the quantitative scale calculation method for architecture elements for different levels of braided river reservoirs. The research results provide support for the prediction of the braided river reservoir architecture and the remaining oil in similar blocks.
The Profile of the Internal Load of Amateur Soccer Players during Official Matches with Formation 1-4-3-3 and Relationships with Indexes of External Load
Authors: Michaildis Yiannis , Bagkos Thomas , Kaldaras Vasilis , Gissis Ioannis , Metaxas Thomas Ι.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal load of amateur soccer players during official championship matches when playing with the 1-4-3-3 formation. Additionally, the possible relationship between internal load variables and external load indices was explored. The study involved 18 amateur soccer players, and the Polar Team Pro GPS system was used to record external load and heart rate (HR) during official championship matches. Internal load was assessed using %HRmax and Edward’s training impulse (TRIMPEdw). External load indices included total distance (TD), pace (distance/min), number of sprints, distance covered in different speed zones, accelerations (>2 m/s2), and decelerations (<−2 m/s2). Players were categorized as central defenders (CD), side defenders (SD), central midfielders (CM), side midfielders (SM), and forwards (F). The results indicated no differences in internal load indices among playing positions. During matches, SM performed the most sprints, while CD performed the fewest (p < 0.05). CD covered the shortest distances in speed zones >7.20 km/h, whereas CM and SM covered the longest distances (p < 0.05). Additionally, CD had fewer accelerations and decelerations compared to SM (p < 0.05). In the first half, differences were observed in pace (distance/min) (p < 0.05), but not in the second half. Between halves, differences in %HRmax were observed for all positions, while TRIMPEdw differed in CM and F. CM showed the most differences between halves. Throughout the matches, a high correlation was found between %HRmax and pace (distance/min), while TRIMPEdw correlated with TD, as well as distances in high-speed zones (14.40–25.19 km/h). This suggests that TRIMPEdw is a comprehensive indicator dependent on volume (TD) and on high-intensity actions, which are crucial in soccer, influencing players’ and teams’ performances. Therefore, for assessing the internal load of amateur soccer players, TRIMPEdw may be a more useful indicator. This study provides valuable information for coaches of amateur soccer teams using the 1-4-3-3 formation regarding running profiles, accelerations/decelerations, and the profile of internal load in each playing position. This information can be used to individualize training based on players’ playing positions.
Estimation of Cervical Spinal Loading and Internal Motion at Adjacent Segments after C5–C6 Fusion Using a Musculoskeletal Multi-Body Dynamics Model during the Head Flexion–Extension Movement
Authors: Diao Hao , Xin Hua , Jin Zhongmin
Published: December 2023

Cervical spinal fusion is the standard of care for treating intractable spinal diseases. However, frequent adjacent segment disease (ASD) has recently drawn a great deal of attention among clinicians and researchers. At present, the etiology of ASD remains controversial. The investigation of cervical spine biomechanics after fusion may contribute to understanding the causes of ASD. In the present study, a cervical spinal musculoskeletal fusion model, with multi-body dynamics method, was established. Dynamic head flexion–extension movements were simulated for both a fusion subject and a normal subject. The cervical spinal loading pattern, load sharing ratios, and translations of instant centers of the rotation at adjacent segments were then predicted. The average intervertebral compressive forces, shear forces, and facet joint forces against the intervertebral angle were also obtained. By comparison, some obvious differences in cervical spinal loading patterns were found between the fusion subject and the normal subject. Fusion surgery would alter the postoperative biomechanical surrounding of the cervical spine, especially the adjacent segments. These changes might affect the intervertebral disc-bearing capacity, and even weaken the physiological structure. From a purely biomechanical perspective, the cervical spinal fusion model can contribute to comprehending the etiology of ASD after spinal fusion.
Feasibility Study on Earthquake Prediction Based on Impending Geomagnetic Anomalies
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhu Peimin , Li Shaodong
Published: December 2023

By deploying a magnetic monitoring network in the earthquake-prone areas of Sichuan, China, and conducting long-term observations, processing, and analysis of real-time geomagnetic data, it can be observed that the pre-earthquake geomagnetic anomalies are highly correlated with the occurrence time of earthquakes. We propose a novel algorithm that obtains a new quantity by accumulating geomagnetic anomaly energy to eliminate external environmental interference and take its gradient as a measure for predicting the occurrence time of an earthquake. Through observations of a large amount of geomagnetic data, it is confirmed that the proposed method can be used to predict the occurrence time of earthquakes with about 75% to 85% accuracy. Conclusions: The geomagnetic anomaly phenomenon can be accurately observed and recorded before an impending earthquake, and it has been confirmed by data that using this observation makes imminent earthquake prediction a practical prediction method.
Aerodynamic Performance Assessment of Distributed Electric Propulsion after the Wing Trailing Edge
Authors: Lei Yao , Zhao Xiangzheng
Published: December 2023

Distributed electric propulsion (DEP) with four propellers distributed along the rear edge of the wing (pusher DEP configuration) promote aerodynamic interactions to a higher level. To study the aerodynamic performance of DEP with the rear wing through simulations and experiments, the multi-reference frame (MRF) with sliding grid is combined with wind tunnel tests. The obtained results demonstrate that the lift and drag of DEP increase with the angle of attack (AoA) and are related to the relative position of the propellers and wing. The propeller has no significant effect on the lift of the wing, and the lift and the AoA remain linear when the AoA is less than 16°. By contrast, the lift coefficient is much higher than the baseline (isolated wing), and the lift is greatly improved with the increasing drag when the AoA is greater than 16°. This is because the flow around the wing of the pusher configuration remains attached due to the suction of the inflow of the propeller on the trailing edge vortex. In addition, the acceleration effect on the free flow improves the kinetic energy of the airflow, which effectively delays the separation of the airflow in the slipstream region.
Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search
Authors: Liu Zeyuan , Qiu Shufang , Cai Huaiyu , Wang Yi , Chen Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

Non-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) plays a vital role in diagnosing eye diseases, with its performance primarily dependent on the autofocus process. However, even minor maloperations or eye micro-movements can compromise fundus imaging quality, leading to autofocus inaccuracy and a heightened risk of misdiagnosis. To enhance the autofocus performance in NMFP, a fast and robust fundus autofocus method with adaptive window and path-optimized search is proposed. In this method, the adaptive focus window is used to suppress irrelevant image contents and correct the sharpness curve, and the path-optimized search is constructed to overcome the curve’s local extrema, in order to achieve rapid focus position convergence. This method was simulated and clinically studied with the self-developed autofocus system for NMFP. The results of 80 cases of human eye imaging show that, compared with similar autofocus methods, this method achieves a focus success rate of 90% with the least axial scanning, and can adapt to non-ideal imaging conditions such as pupil misalignment, eyelash occlusion, and nystagmus.
Investigation of the Influence Area of the Excavation of a Double-Line Highway Tunnel under an Existing Railway Tunnel
Authors: Li Yifan , Huang Changfu , Lu Hongjian , Mou Chao
Published: December 2023

The research on the impact of the excavation of underpass tunnels has already had certain results, but there is a lack of research cases of double-line highway tunnels with oblique angles under the existing railway tunnels, especially the method of determining the area of the impact of the dynamic and static loads of new tunnels and existing trains, which can be enriched by considering them at the same time. This paper, is based on the tunnel project of the new double-line Shiqian highway tunnel with oblique angles under the Hurong railway in Wanshoushan. By constructing a three-dimensional finite element model and simulating the application of static tunnel excavation load, dynamic blasting load, and dynamic train operation load of the existing tunnel, the overall displacement of the existing tunnel and the settlement value of the bottom plate of the track surface by the static tunnel excavation load were analyzed. Then, the stresses, vibration speeds, and displacements of the tunnel due to the dynamic blasting loads and the dynamic train operation loads were obtained. The results show that the area of influence of the static loads of the new tunnel excavation on the existing tunnel is divided into three types of perturbations presenting strong, weak, and slight; the area affected by the blasting dynamic load of new tunnel excavation is a circular domain with the datum point in the tunnel section as the center; the area affected by the dynamic load of train operation in the existing tunnel is an ellipse with the center of the track surface of the existing tunnel as the datum; and there is an anomalous shape in the area affected by the blasting dynamic load of new tunnel excavation and the area affected by the dynamic load of the train operation in the existing tunnel.
CGT-YOLOv5n: A Precision Model for Detecting Mouse Holes Amid Complex Grassland Terrains
Authors: Li Chao , Luo Xiaoling , Pan Xin
Published: December 2023

This study employs unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to detect mouse holes in grasslands, offering an effective tool for grassland ecological conservation. We introduce the specially designed CGT-YOLOv5n model, addressing long-standing challenges UAVs face, particularly the decreased detection accuracy in complex grassland environments due to shadows and obstructions. The model incorporates a Context Augmentation Module (CAM) focused on improving the detection of small mouse holes and mitigating the interference of shadows. Additionally, to enhance the model’s ability to recognize mouse holes of varied morphologies, we have integrated an omni-dimensional dynamic convolution (ODConv), thereby increasing the model’s adaptability to diverse image features. Furthermore, the model includes a Task-Specific Context Decoupling (TSCODE) module, independently refining the contextual semantics and spatial details for classification and regression tasks and significantly improving the detection accuracy. The empirical results show that when the intersection over union (IoU) threshold is set at 0.5, the model’s mean average precision (mAP_0.5) for detection accuracy reaches 92.8%. The mean average precision (mAP_0.5:0.95), calculated over different IoU thresholds ranging from 0.5 to 0.95 in increments of 0.05, is 46.2%. These represent improvements of 3.3% and 4.3%, respectively, compared to the original model. Thus, this model contributes significantly to grassland ecological conservation and provides an effective tool for grassland management and mouse pest control in pastoral areas.