bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in reconstruction of interdental papilla: a case series
Authors: Al Salkhadi Thawab , Makieh Ramah Eimad , Kasem Tarek
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of I-PRF in the reconstruction of recessed interdental papillae after three injections spaced two weeks apart. Materials and methods: The study included 8 participants aged 20–35 years. Periapical radiographs were taken and entered into ImageJ software to measure the distance between the apex of the alveolar process and the contact area. Cases were included when the distance was 5 mm or less. The following indices and parameters were evaluated: plaque index (PI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GB), height of papillary deficiency (HPD), measure of change in the height of papillary deficiency (MHPD), and percentage of change in the height of papillary deficiency (PHPD). Autologous PRF was obtained and immediately centrifuged. The I-PRF was injected at the interdental papilla base. Patients were followed up three months post-treatment. Results: The mean papillary dimensions after three months (5.43 ± 0.99) were lower than the baseline mean (5.55 ± 1.05), with no significant difference (P = 0.171). No significant differences were observed between genders in the parameters (P > 0.05): HPD, MHPD, and PHPD. Although the mean HPD in males after three months (5.88 ± 0.83) was lower than at baseline (6.00 ± 0.76), and a similar trend was observed in females after three months (5.13 ± 1.00) compared to baseline (5.25 ± 1.14), independent t-tests revealed no significant differences between genders. Improvements in PI and GI were noted after three months. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the I-PRF injection technique was ineffective in managing recessed interdental papillae three months post-treatment.
Schmerztreiber erkennen – Kognitive funktionelle Therapie bei Schulterbeschwerden
Authors: Orthmayr Klaus
Published: February 2025

Viele Patient*innen haben strukturelle Erklärungsmodelle für ihre Schmerzen und Einschränkungen. Folglich passen sie ihr Verhalten an diese negativen Vorstellungen an und verstärken somit ihre Beschwerden. Umgekehrt kann es genauso fatal sein, biologische Faktoren zu übersehen. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen zeigt Klaus Orthmayr, wie er mittels kognitiver funktioneller Therapie CFT Einblicke in strukturelle, funktionelle und kognitive Schmerztreiber erhält.
Dyspnoe aufgrund hyperkeratotischer Zubildungen im perinasalen
Bereich bei einem Lama
Authors: Franz Sonja , Petring Pauline , Schlegel Katharina , Dadak Agnes , Wittek Kathleen , Wittek Thomas
Published: February 2025

Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt die klinischen Befunde, diagnostische Verfahren,
die therapeutischen Optionen und den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf bei einem Lama,
das an einer idiopathischen, nekretolytischen, neutrophilen Hyperkeratose (INNH)
im Bereich der Nase litt. Die genaue Pathogenese und Ätiologie dieser Erkrankung
ist noch unbekannt. Bis dato liegen nur wenige Berichte in der Fachliteratur
über dieses Krankheitsbild vor. Ebenso fehlen Informationen über Häufigkeit
bezüglich Auftretens dieser Erkrankung in der Neuweltkamelpopulation.

Anhand dieses Fallberichtes werden die multimodalen therapeutischen Maßnahmen
(chirurgisch, medikamentös und physikalisch) sowie der Verlauf der Erkrankung
dargestellt. Es konnte eine dauerhafte klinische Verbesserung erreicht werden,
wenn auch eine vollständige Heilung nicht eintrat.
Impfnebenwirkungen bei der Katze
Authors: Weidinger Anna-Karina , Hartmann Katrin , Bergmann Michèle
Published: February 2025

Viele Besitzer haben Bedenken gegenüber Impfungen, besonders aus Sorge um
Nebenwirkungen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über
Impfnebenwirkungen (vaccine-associated adverse events [VAAEs]), die bei Katzen
beschrieben sind. Zu den bei Katzen am häufigsten beobachteten VAAEs gehören
milde, unspezifische Symptome, wie ein reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden, Anorexie
und eine erhöhte Körperinnentemperatur. Solche milden systemischen Reaktionen
sind oft hinweisend für eine gute Immunantwort. Schwerwiegende VAAEs, wie
Typ-I-Hypersensitivitätsreaktion (allergische Reaktion), sind zwar sehr selten,
aber potenziell lebensbedrohlich. Sie können entweder sofort (nach wenigen
Minuten) oder mit gewisser zeitlicher Verzögerung (nach mehreren Stunden)
auftreten und müssen oft behandelt werden. Das Risiko für VAAEs steigt mit der
Anzahl der verabreichten Impfstoffkomponenten pro Besuch. So sollte vor jeder
Impfung eine Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse durchgeführt und die Anzahl der Impfungen pro
Besuch sollten so gering wie möglich gehalten werden. Antikörpermessungen dienen
dazu, die Notwendigkeit von Wiederholungsimpfungen, zumindest gegen
Panleukopenie bei adulten Katzen, zu prüfen (Wiederholungsimpfung nur bei Fehlen
von Antikörpern). Aber auch Langzeitfolgen von Impfungen spielen bei der Katze
eine Rolle. Die bei der Katze gravierendste VAAE ist das feline
Injektionsstellen-assoziierte Sarkom (FISS), welches sich an der
Injektionsstelle nach Impfungen oder anderen Medikamenten entwickeln kann. Die
Pathogenese von FISS ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Weiterhin konnten
Studien einen gewissen Zusammenhang zwischen (häufigen) Impfungen und
chronischer Nierenerkrankung bei Katzen feststellen; ein eindeutiger
Kausalitätsnachweis fehlt allerdings. Aus all diesen Gründen sollte auf unnötige
Impfungen verzichtet werden. Es gilt: so wenig wie möglich, aber nur so viel wie
nötig zu impfen.
Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren – bessere Therapieplanung mit KI?
Authors: Simon Annika
Published: February 2025

Obgleich aktuelle Leitlinien eine adjuvante Imatinib-Therapie für viele Patient*innen mit gastrointestinalen Stromatumoren (GIST) empfehlen, bleibt die optimale Behandlungsdauer bis heute weitestgehend unbekannt. Bertsimas et al. wollten an dieser Stelle Wissenslücken schließen und haben sich auf der Suche nach der besten Therapielänge und nach einer geeigneten Patient*innengruppe die Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zunutze gemacht.
Kolonkarzinom: Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit adjuvanter Chemotherapie bei Älteren
Authors: Simon Annika
Published: February 2025

Etwa 25 % aller Patient*innen mit Kolonkarzinom befinden sich zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose bereits im fortgeschrittenen Stadium III und sind nicht selten bereits über 70 Jahre alt. Gallois et al. wollten in diesem Zuge prüfen, inwieweit eine adjuvante Chemotherapie auf Basis von Oxaliplatin in dieser Altersgruppe sicher und wirksam ist, und haben eine Analyse von 12 Studien vorgelegt.
Stochastic dynamics of particle systems on unbounded degree graphs
Authors: Chargaziya Georgy , Daletskii Alexei
Published: February 2025

We consider an infinite system of coupled stochastic differential equations (SDE) describing dynamics of the following infinite particle system. Each particle is characterized by its position x∈Rd and internal parameter (spin) σx∈R. While the positions of particles form a fixed (“quenched”) locally-finite set (configuration) γ⊂Rd, the spins σx and σy interact via a pair potential whenever x−y<ρ, where ρ > 0 is a fixed interaction radius. The number nx of particles interacting with a particle in position x is finite but unbounded in x. The growth of nx as |x| → ∞ creates a major technical problem for solving our SDE system. To overcome this problem, we use a finite volume approximation combined with a version of the Ovsjannikov method, and prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution in a scale of Banach spaces of weighted sequences. As an application example, we construct stochastic dynamics associated with Gibbs states of our particle system.
Riemann–Liouville fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst exponent
Authors: Woszczek Hubert , Wyłomańska Agnieszka , Chechkin Aleksei
Published: February 2025

We examine two stochastic processes with random parameters, which in their basic versions (i.e., when the parameters are fixed) are Gaussian and display long-range dependence and anomalous diffusion behavior, characterized by the Hurst exponent. Our motivation comes from biological experiments, which show that the basic models are inadequate for accurate description of the data, leading to modifications of these models in the literature through introduction of the random parameters. The first process, fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst exponent (referred to as FBMRE below) has been recently studied, while the second one, Riemann–Liouville fractional Brownian motion with random exponent (RL FBMRE) has not been explored. To advance the theory of such doubly stochastic anomalous diffusion models, we investigate the probabilistic properties of RL FBMRE and compare them to those of FBMRE. Our main focus is on the autocovariance function and the time-averaged mean squared displacement of the processes. Furthermore, we analyze the second moment of the increment processes for both models, as well as their ergodicity properties. As a specific case, we consider the mixture of two-point distributions of the Hurst exponent, emphasizing key differences in the characteristics of RL FBMRE and FBMRE, particularly in their asymptotic behavior. The theoretical findings presented here lay the groundwork for developing new methods to distinguish these processes and estimate their parameters from experimental data.
Interplay between magnetization compensation temperature and thickness in ferrimagnetic CoGd alloy films
Authors: Wang Junshuai , Li Bingxin , An Yipeng , Song Guilin , Zhang Shuaikang
Published: February 2025

In this study, we explore the interplay between magnetization compensation temperature (Tcom) and thickness in ferrimagnetic CoGd alloys. Temperature-dependent anomalous Hall effect shows that the thickness of CoGd alloys can cause a 160 K shift in Tcom. Element-mapping image measurements display that the concentration of CoGd alloys remains constant regardless of the thickness, while magnetic property measurements indicate that the saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases as the thickness increases. A microstructure constructed by non-coplanar spin is used to account for the modulation of Tcom and Ms with the thickness. Density functional theory offers a microscopic mechanism where the difference in exchange coupling strength between Gd-Co moments should be responsible for thickness-controlled Tcom. Our findings reveal potential opportunities for the use of RE-TM ferrimagnetic films in the development of energy efficient nonvolatile spintronic devices.
Experimental demonstration of synchronization between two quantum dot passively mode-locked laser frequency combs utilizing bidirectional optical coupling
Authors: Bita Daniel , Simos Iraklis , Simos Christos
Published: February 2025

Two monolithic edge-emitting passively mode-locked InAs/InGaAs semiconductor quantum dot lasers generating ps optical pulses at repetition rates of 10 GHz and optical frequency combs centered at 1260 nm are mutually coupled in an all-optical passive synchronization experiment. The two lasers, with different free-running repetition rates, are coupled through a long delay fiber path, they synchronize, and generate optical pulse trains with identical repetition rates in a wide range of experimental conditions (optical frequency, optical delay, and coupling strength). The common repetition rate can be easily fine-tuned with the control of the external coupling path length. In synchronized state, both lasers operate with significantly reduced timing jitter with respect to their free-running values. Finally, under specific conditions, the repetition rate locking is accompanied by partial mutual coherence between the lasers, as indicated by the formation of interferometric fringes.
Magnetic actuation for magnetic nanoparticles under magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging
Authors: Zhao Fanzhe , Li Yanhong , Liu Guoqiang
Published: February 2025

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have significant potential in the applications of precision diagnosis and treatment, particularly image monitoring and targeted therapies, owing to their magnetic response and magneto-thermal properties. However, further development of target modulation technologies is required to achieve deep-tissue imaging with high sensitivity. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach combining magnetic modulation of MNPs with magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging. We have designed a three-axis Helmholtz coil and a magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging model, forming the basis of an integrated experimental platform designed for both modulation and imaging. Numerical simulations and experiments have been conducted to examine how various particle characteristics influence outcomes under magnetic fields, and an integrated platform combining a three-axis Helmholtz coil with magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging has been successfully developed. This platform enables, for the first time, real-time monitoring of the regulation of MNPs, and we have carefully validated its effectiveness through experiments. The results demonstrate the advantages of dual-modality in electromagnetic modulation and coupled imaging, highlighting the potential of such a system to enhance the regulation of MNPs under image guidance for precision diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Aging condition assessment of cable sheath protectors based on high-order harmonic ratio of leakage current
Authors: Che Chuanqiang , Fu Chujun , Yan Baofeng , Zhao Jiankun , Chen Bo
Published: February 2025

Zinc oxide cable sheath protectors are critical devices in power systems that ensure the safety of cable power supply, and their operating status directly influences the safety of the line. However, prolonged exposure to various over voltages can lead to significant aging, resulting in performance degradation. In this context, leakage-current-based condition monitoring plays an important role in predicting the aging state of cable sheath protectors. This study employs lightning impulse aging methods to investigate the high-frequency characteristics of cable sheath protectors after impact aging, proposing a diagnostic detection indicator for aging status based on the harmonic ratio of the leakage current. Notably, this indicator showed a gradually increasing trend with the aging progression. Therefore, it can be effectively used to assess the aging status of the cable sheath protector, providing technical support for the detection of the aging status of the cable sheath protector.
A perspective on mechanism of heat transfer and performance optimization in advanced thermal interface materials
Authors: Liang Chen , Hong Jingtao , Wan Cheng , Ma Xinkai , Wang Zhiteng , Zhao Xiuchen , Hou Aijun , Nika Denis , Huo Yongjun , Zhang Gang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, thermal interface materials (TIMs) have garnered increasing attention in the field of thermal management for electronic devices. By effectively bridging the gap between electronic components and heat sinks, these materials significantly enhance heat transfer efficiency. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the mechanisms, and the influencing factors associated with TIMs composed of graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXene, boron nitride compounds, and metal nanowires over recent years. Additionally, it delves into the challenges faced by these materials and explores its future research directions in thermal management. Future research endeavors are anticipated to focus on innovative designs for thermal conductivity networks in order to achieve further enhancements in the TIMs performance, ultimately paving the way for their practical application and commercialization.
An automatic energy storage and release high-performance micro-harvester with steady-state output for low-frequency random energy harvesting
Authors: Song Xiaoguang , Lan Zhiqiang , Li Kunru , Qian Shuo , Han Bing , Zhang Ruoyang , Wu Pengfei , Hou Xiaojuan , He Jian , Chou Xiujian
Published: February 2025

Harvesting wideband and random vibration energy in the vehicle environment is a promising route to power mobile electronic devices. Conventional energy harvesters cannot realize steady-state output, making the energy management circuit design difficult. This work presents an electromagnetic harvester with a counterweight unit, a gearbox, and a generator, which can be adapted to wideband automatic energy storage and quantized output release. The counterweight unit with the low-frequency response can effectively sense the weak vibration. The coil spring in the energy storage gear train is in particular used to store low-frequency random vibration energy in the environment and release the energy stored by the coil spring by switching the gear train. Finally, the coil spring drives the generating gear train to realize the steady-state output of mechanical energy to electrical energy. At a frequency of 2.5 Hz and an acceleration of 0.4 g, the average output power of the automatic energy storage and steady-state output release energy harvester (ASSR) by using a coil spring to first store energy and then quantize the output is 114.5 times higher than that of the method of continuous generating without using a coil spring. The ASSR's energy output can charge the lithium battery (3.7 V, 40 mAh) from 2.6 to 3.716 V during a 60 km ride at an average speed of 12.7 km/h while powering the mobile phones and Bluetooth devices continuously through the energy management circuit. The strategy shows the great potential of micro-energy harvester in various wideband random vibration environments for powering electronics.
GeSeTe-based OTS selector integrated with ReRAM for high-density 1S-1R memory arrays
Authors: Seo Hyun Kyu , Lee June Hyuk , Yang Min Kyu
Published: February 2025

In this study, we developed a high-performance binary Ovonic Threshold Switching (OTS) selector based on GeSeTe and a resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device based on TaOx. These were integrated into a 1 Selector-1 ReRAM (1S-1R) architecture to address challenges in high-density memory and advanced computing. The GeSeTe-based OTS selector exhibited a high switching ratio (Ion/Ioff > 105), ultra-low off-current (∼1 nA), and fast switching speed (<10 ns), while the TaOx-based ReRAM achieved a high on/off ratio (>20), rapid switching (100 ns), excellent endurance (>109 cycles), and stable retention at 125 °C. The integrated 1S-1R structure effectively suppressed leakage currents using a 1/2 bias scheme and was scaled to a 1 kb X-point memory array. The array demonstrated stable conductance distribution and efficient multiply-and-accumulate operations, with consistency between experimental and theoretical results validating its scalability and reliability. This work highlights the potential of the 1S-1R architecture for next-generation memory and neuromorphic systems, providing a scalable, energy-efficient solution for data-intensive applications by leveraging the complementary strengths of GeSeTe-based OTS selectors and TaOx-based ReRAM devices.
Accurate prediction of electron correlation energies of topological atoms by delta learning from the Müller approximation
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Prasanta , Isamura Bienfait K. , Popelier Paul L. A.
Published: February 2025

FFLUX is a polarizable machine-learning force field that deploys pre-trained kernel-based models of quantum topological properties in molecular dynamics simulations. Despite a track record of successful applications, this unconventional force field still uses Lennard-Jones parameters to account for dispersion effects when performing in-bulk simulations. However, optimal Lennard-Jones parameters are system-dependent and not easy to calibrate. Fortunately, physics-informed dispersion energies can be obtained from the two-particle density matrix (2PDM) of any system using correlated wavefunctions. The only challenge is that the 2PDM is a humongous object whose calculation is very time-consuming and memory-greedy. In this proof-of-concept study, we utilize the Δ-learning method to address both problems using a small set of water trimers. More specifically, we obtain pure two-electron correlation energies with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set at the cost of Müller-approximated 2PDM calculated at a very small basis set, 6-31+G(d). We also benchmark different Δ-learning tasks designed by changing the baseline and target method and/or the basis set. Our experiments suggest that two-electron correlation energies of weakly relaxed water trimers can be accurately predicted via Δ-learning with a maximum absolute error of 1.30 ± 0.32 kJ/mol traded against a colossal computational speed-up of roughly 40 times.
Atomization process of GH4099 superalloy powder prepared by dual-gas nozzle
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhang Zheyuan , Li Wenying , Li Yanying , Lu Yingjie , Zhong Yilong , Li Yanbiao
Published: February 2025

GH4099 is a typical age-hardened nickel-based superalloy with excellent overall performance, widely used in aerospace and other fields. In this study, a novel tight-coupled dual-gas nozzle is designed, and a two-phase coupling breakup model for the atomization process is established based on the volume of fluid flow model. The breakup behavior of the melt under high-speed gas flow is investigated in depth. The generation of melt droplets is analyzed, in the atomization process of this nozzle, the melt enters the atomization chamber and is first impacted by the intermediate airflow to generate the initial droplets, and the initial droplets move toward the outer air flow channel under the action of the air flow and continue to break into smaller droplets under the action of the outer air flow channel. Powder particles are sampled at the nozzle exit, and the particle characteristics generated by atomization are analyzed in detail. The final particle size distribution is obtained, and the influence of gas pressure and gas injection angle on the particle size distribution are explored. The results show that, within the studied parameter range, as the gas pressure increases, the powder particle size first increases and then decreases. As the gas injection angle decreases, the powder particle size also decreases, so a small injection angle is favorable to the powder particle size reduction. When the gas pressure P2 = 4.5 MPa, the injection angle α  = 25°, The powder has the narrowest particle size distribution, and the particle size is smaller, the median diameter of the particles D50 = 29.1 μm. The findings of this study provide important references for the nozzle structure design and process parameter optimization for high-temperature alloys.
Turbulent Taylor–Couette flow with magnetohydrodynamic interaction in axial magnetic field
Authors: Kobayashi Hiromichi , Hasebe Takahiro , Fujino Takayasu , Takana Hidemasa
Published: February 2025

Turbulent Taylor–Couette flow applied in the axial magnetic field with upper and lower walls is numerically investigated by large-eddy simulation. As the Hartmann number increases proportional to the magnetic field, turbulent fluctuations are suppressed, and the flow is laminarized. The alignment of vortex structures is drastically changed from the azimuthal direction to the axial direction. The fine streaks near the inner wall are suppressed, and the high-speed triplet streaks emerge near the inner wall. The electric current streamlines reveal the feature of the difference between open and short circuit conditions.
The MLL3/GRHL2 complex regulates malignant transformation and anti-tumor immunity in squamous cancer
Authors: Nam Chehyun , Huang Guowei , Zheng Yueyuan , Zhao Hua , Pan Yuhao , Hu Boyan , Wenger Talia , Van Hieu T. , Xu Li-Yan , Li En-Min , Koeffler H. Phillip , Ge Kai , Dou Yali , Sinha Uttam K. , Park Young Min , Lin De-Chen
Published: February 2025

Upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma (UASCC) presents significant challenges in clinical management due to its aggressive nature. Here, we elucidate the role of MLL3 mutations as early, clonal genomic events in UASCC tumorigenesis, highlighting their role as foundational drivers of cancer development. Utilizing CRISPR-edited, cross-species organoid modeling, we demonstrate that loss of MLL3 contributes to early squamous neoplastic evolution. Furthermore, we identify an MLL3/GRHL2 protein complex that regulates the UASCC epigenome, particularly impacting immune response pathways. Notably, a novel MLL3/GRHL2-IRF1 axis promotes the expression of Th1 chemokines, enhancing anti-tumor immunity by facilitating T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Consequently, MLL3 regulates the in vivo efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, corroborated by the strong association between MLL3 expression and human patients’ clinical response to ICB therapy. Our work underscores the significance of MLL3 in UASCC pathogenesis and highlights the interplay between MLL3/GRHL2 and immune response pathways as potential therapeutic targets for UASCC treatment.
Local coordinates and motion of a test particle in the McVittie spacetime
Authors: Jayswal Vishal , Kopeikin Sergei
Published: February 2025

We consider the orbital motion of a test particle in the gravitational field of a massive body (that might be a black hole) with mass $m$ placed on the expanding cosmological manifold described by the McVittie metric. We introduce the local coordinates attached to the massive body to eliminate nonphysical, coordinates-dependent effects associated with Hubble expansion. The resultant equation of motion of the test particle are analyzed by the method of osculating elements with application of time-averaging technique. We demonstrate that the orbit of the test particle is not subject to the cosmological expansion up to the terms of the second order in the Hubble parameter. However, the cosmological expansion causes the precession of the orbit of the test particle with time and changes the frequency of the mean orbital motion. We show that the direction of motion of the orbital precession depends on the Hubble parameter as well as the deceleration parameter of the universe. We give numeric estimates for the rate of the orbital precession with respect to time due to the cosmological expansion in case of several astrophysical systems.
Terrestrial mobile gravimetry using a temperature stabilized IMU
Authors: Akdoğan Yunus Aytaç , Durmaz Murat , Yildiz Hasan
Published: February 2025

Terrestrial mobile gravimetry using temperature-stabilized inertial measurement units (IMUs) is emerging as an efficient technique for acquiring high-accuracy gravity data in dynamic environments. This study explores the integration of the iCORUS-2 IMU system with GNSS along the Cebeci-Elmadağ route in Ankara, Türkiye. The iTempStab technology was incorporated into the iCORUS-2 system to stabilize temperature variations to enhance the accuracy of gravity measurements. Notably, this research represents the results of vehicle-based terrestrial mobile gravimetry using a thermally stabilized IMU. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) was applied to integrate IMU and GNSS data. The advantage of terrestrial mobile gravimetry over airborne methods is the ability to make static updates for vertical gravity, zero gravity gradient and zero velocity measurements, which can be introduced into the EKF as measurement updates. The method was tested by analysing the statistical impact of these updates at varying intervals: without any gravity measurement updates, and by applying updates at approximately 2 km, 3 km, 4 km, 5 km, 6 km, and 7 km intervals. Results indicated that without updates, a root mean square error (rmse) value between external terrestrial gravity data and mobile gravimetry estimates is 1.362 mGal. However, with updates at approximately 2 km intervals, the rmse value significantly decreased to 0.948 mGal, representing a %30.4 reduction in rmse and achieving sub-mGal accuracy. The inclusion of temperature stabilization and frequent gravity measurement updates demonstrated a marked improvement in data accuracy and consistency. These advancements not only validate the potential of mobile gravimetry for geophysical surveys but also broaden its applications in fields requiring precise gravity data acquisition.
Roadmap on embodying mechano-intelligence and computing in functional materials and structures
Authors: Alu Andrea , Arrieta Andres F , Del Dottore Emanuela , Dickey Michael D , Ferracin Samuele , Harne Ryan L , Hauser Helmut , He Qiguang , Hopkins Jonathan Brigham , Hyatt Lance , Li Suyi , Mariani Stefano , Mazzolai Barbara , Mondini Alessio , Pal Aniket , Preston Daniel J , Rajappan Anoop , Raney Jordan R. , Reis Pedro , Sarles Stephen Andrew , Sitti Metin , Ubamanyu Uba K. , Hecke Martin van , Wang Kon-Well
Published: February 2025

This is a roadmap article with multiple contributors on different aspects of embodying intelligence and computing in the mechanical domain of functional materials and structures. Overall, an IOP roadmap article is a broad, multi-author review with leaders in the field discussing the latest developments, commissioned by the editorial board. The intention here is to cover various topics of adaptive structural and material systems with mechano-intelligence in the overall roadmap, with twelve sections in total. These sections cover topics from materials to devices to systems, such as computational metamaterials, neuromorphic materials, mechanical and material logic, mechanical memory, soft matter computing, physical reservoir computing, wave-based computing, morphological computing, mechanical neural networks, plant-inspired intelligence, pneumatic logic circuits, intelligent robotics, and embodying mechano-intelligence for engineering functionalities via physical computing.  In this paper, we view all the 2-page sections with equal contributions to the overall roadmap article and thus list the authorship on the front page via alphabetical order of their last names.  On the other hand, for each individual section, the authors decide on their own the order of authorship. 
Design of a large-stroke compliant gripper with position and force sensing for precision grasping
Authors: Sun Xiantao , Tang Zhouzheng , Yang Shang , Zhu Yonghui , Deng Qiuwang , Chen Weihai
Published: February 2025

Precise grasping using compliant grippers is a crucial step in many micro/nano manipulations, which require grippers to exhibit excellent static and dynamic performances. This paper presents a novel piezoelectric-driven compliant gripper with position and force sensing. A series structure that combines a differential amplification mechanism with a Scott-Russell mechanism is introduced to enhance the grasping stroke (GS). To ensure linear motion of the jaws, a series–parallel hybrid parallelogram mechanism is employed. Analytical models for the motion amplification ratio, input stiffness, and natural frequency of the proposed gripper are developed based on the pseudo-rigid body model. Structural optimization is conducted using the response surface method to determine the geometrical parameters of the gripper. Finite element simulations are performed to assess both static and dynamic performance. A prototype of the gripper has been fabricated for open-loop and closed-loop performance tests. Experimental results demonstrate that the gripper exhibits a large GS, high positioning and grasping accuracy, and high natural frequency, which indicates its significant potential for applications in micro/nano manipulations.
Wavelength modulation laser spectroscopy of N2O at 17 µm
Authors: Wang Y , Rodewald J , Lopez O , Manceau M , Darquié B , Sauer B E , Tarbutt M R
Published: February 2025

Using a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser and wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy, we measure the frequencies of ro-vibrational transitions of N2O in the 17 µm region with uncertainties below 5 MHz. These lines, corresponding to the bending mode of the molecule, can be used for calibration of spectrometers in this spectral region. We present a model for the lineshapes of absorption features in wavelength modulation spectroscopy that takes into account Doppler broadening, collisional broadening, saturation of the absorption, and lineshape distortion due to frequency and intensity modulation. Combining our data with previous measurements, we provide a set of spectroscopic parameters for several vibrational states of N2O. The lines measured here fall in the same spectral region as a mid-infrared frequency reference that we are currently developing using trapped, ultracold molecules. With such a frequency reference, the spectroscopic methods demonstrated here have the potential to improve frequency calibration in this part of the spectrum.
Broadband achromatic metalens with wide field of view for linearly polarized light in the visible region
Authors: Li Dancui , Li Yangyang
Published: February 2025

With flexibly manipulating wavefront in multiple dimensions at subwavelength scales, the metalens recently has caught growing attention. However, the presence of the chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberration hinder metalens, from wider applications. Here, we demonstrate a metalens based on the propagation phase, providing a diffraction-limited achromatic focusing with wide field of view (FOV) for linearly polarized light at visible region. In order to eliminate the aberrations, the aperture stop and the metasurface are separated in space and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to arrange the unit cells to achieve achromatic focusing. The simulation results show that the x-linearly polarized light of different wavelengths can be focused to the same plane within visible range from 0.473 to 0.6328 μm, featuring a wide field of view up to 80°. In addition, the architecture of the metalens is simplified to a single-layer metasurface by this method compared with the cascaded metalenses and conventional bulky optical systems, and we expect that our approach can underpin the development of integrated and visible imaging.
Aharonov–Bohm magnetism and Landau diamagnetism in semimetals
Authors: Kolomeisky Eugene B , Straley Joseph P
Published: February 2025

We compute the magnetic response of hollow semimetal cylinders and rings to the presence of an axial Aharonov–Bohm magnetic flux, in the absence of interactions. We predict nullification of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for a class of dispersion laws that includes ‘non-relativistic’ dispersion and demonstrate that at zero flux the ground-state of a very short ‘armchair’ graphene tube will exhibit a ferromagnetic broken symmetry. We also compute the diamagnetic response of bulk semimetals to the presence of a uniform magnetic field, specifically predicting that the susceptibility has a logarithmic dependence on the size of the sample.
Approximations and bounds for optimal controls via finite fourier series
Authors: Nicolosi Gabriel , Friesz Terry , Griffin Christopher
Published: February 2025

This work considers the problem of approximating initial condition and time-dependent optimal control and trajectory surfaces using multivariable finite Fourier series. A modified Augmented Lagrangian algorithm for translating the optimal control problem into an unconstrained optimization one is proposed. A quadratic control problem in the context of Newtonian mechanics is solved to demonstrate the proposed algorithm and various computational results are presented. Use of automatic differentiation is explored to circumvent the elaborated gradient computation in the first-order optimization procedure. Furthermore, mean square error bounds are derived for the case of one and two-dimensional Fourier series approximations, suggesting a general bound for problems with state space of $n$ dimensions.
Learning the structure of a 2D colloidal suspension through deep learning from bright-field images
Authors: Herrera-Canales Victor Hugo , Rincón-Londoño Natalia , Padierna Luis Carlos , Sarmiento Gómez Erick
Published: February 2025

Colloidal suspensions may be stable or unstable due to aggregation, which would alter the properties of the suspension and is related to many-body interactions and the delicate balance between repulsive and attractive forces, which also defines the internal structure and its macroscopic properties. Experimental studies about many-body interactions demand a lot of resources and time due to the accumulation of statistics necessary to obtain reliable results. A way to study the colloidal suspension structure is to process a great amount of bright-field images. Taking advantage of the emerging deep generative networks, we propose a method to complement this study to reduce both experimental and computational costs. The method consists of designing and tuning an architecture based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) that learns the static structure of a colloidal suspension from experimental images depending on concentration and generate images to concentrations outside of the experimental data. This allows the exploration of the fully accessible phase space and carry out a visual recognition of regions of interest. The best-performed network was Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WCGAN-GP), trained from bright-field images of a confined colloidal suspension formed by spherical polystyrene particles in water at different area fractions. Experimental results showed that the algorithm generates new images with a high accuracy rate (85-98%) on the expected particle number at different concentrations; also, it was able to reproduce the static structure of the colloidal suspension, i.e., the pair correlation function (g(r)) lies within the experimental variation, not only for the trained data set but also for any other intermediate concentration. The correlation between experimental and generated (g(r)) was very strong (0.85-0.98) for concentrations of 0.1 and higher. This GAN proposal could be used to construct phase diagrams, identifying stable and unstable zones of colloidal systems with different interaction potentials.
Coupled dynamics of information and epidemics in time-varying multiplex networks
Authors: Wang Xiaohao , Yang Yunyun , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2025

Revealing the relationship between epidemic transmission mechanisms and information flow is crucial for optimizing public health response strategies. Given the dynamic and higher-order characteristics of networks, which capture complex behaviors more effectively, this paper proposes a dual-layer time-varying network model based on an activity-driven algorithm, in which second-order dependencies are assigned to each node. The upper layer represents the information dissemination layer, including simplex interactions and mass media. The lower layer constitutes the epidemic transmission layer, illustrating the actual interactions among individuals. By formulating the microscopic Markov (MMC) chain equations, the outbreak threshold and the effective reproduction parameter of the model are calculated in this study. Subsequently, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to further validate the propagation characteristics. The results indicate that collective effects can effectively suppress epidemic transmission; however, as the 2-simplex transmission rate increases, the suppressive effect weakens. Individual characteristics also exert a significant influence on the spread of both information and epidemics.
Improved Reliability Analysis of Power Distribution Systems Through Zero Down Time (ZDT) Reconfiguration
Authors: Hammam H N , Sudiarto B
Published: February 2025

The demand for electricity in Indonesia is continuously increasing, and ensuring a reliable and uninterrupted power supply has become a critical challenge. To address this, the Zero Down Time (ZDT) concept is implemented in the power distribution network, aiming to minimize power outages and improve reliability. This study compares the performance of a traditional spindle network configuration with a ZDT-configured network using ETAP 19.0.1 software. Simulations were conducted to analyze voltage drop, power flow, and reliability metrics, including SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) and SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index). The results indicate that the ZDT configuration significantly enhances network reliability, with a reduction in SAIDI by 89.5% and SAIFI by 79.3% compared to the traditional spindle configuration. These findings highlight the effectiveness of ZDT in maintaining network stability and compliance with industry standards, contributing to more resilient power distribution systems.
Design User Interface of Uni-Fast Swap Charger for Electric Motorcycle
Authors: Aprillia B S , Baharudin M I
Published: February 2025

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has driven the need for robust charging infrastructure, including Battery Exchange Stations (SPBKLU). In Indonesia, the number of SPBKLU has exceeded targets, highlighting the importance of efficient user interfaces. This study aims to develop a touchscreen Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for SPBKLU using Python and PyQt5 to enhance user interaction. The interface allows users to choose charging methods based on battery voltage or brand, addressing the diversity of battery specifications in the market. Testing results show the system operates with stable CPU usage up to 1.5%, memory usage between 611.4 MB and 617.8 MB, and frame rates of 4-5 FPS. Button response times varied from 97.90ms to 162.00ms, demonstrating reliable and responsive interaction. The developed HMI facilitates efficient battery swapping processes and supports the expansion of EV infrastructure in Indonesia.
Aerodynamic analysis of the hybrid wing model for an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Hao Jiacheng , Li Yongping
Published: February 2025

In modern agriculture, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a pivotal role in two key operational scenarios: plant protection and land mapping. In the plant protection scenario, UAVs require excellent hovering capabilities, whereas in the land mapping scenario, they need to maintain a certain level of cruising ability. To meet these diverse performance requirements, a hybrid wing design combining tilt-wing and propeller is used in the agricultural UAV. After the design of the propeller and wing was completed, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to conduct aerodynamic analysis of the hybrid-wing composite model, laying the theoretical foundation for the practical application of the hybrid-wing UAV in agriculture. The findings reveal that when the UAV's pitch angle exceeds 20 degrees, an increase in propeller speed significantly alters the flow field structure around the wing, resulting in a reduction in the lift-to-drag ratio. To ensure superior aerodynamic efficiency of the wing, the propeller speed should be maintained below 1500 rpm.
Comment on ‘Pressure of Coulomb systems with volume-dependent long-range potentials’
Authors: Li Lei , Liang Jiuyang , Xu Zhenli
Published: February 2025

In this note, we address some issues concerning the accurate pressure calculation of Coulomb systems with periodic boundary conditions. First, we prove that the formulas for the excess part of the pressure with Ewald summation also reduce to the ensemble average of one-third of the ratio between the potential energy and the volume so that the comments on our previous work in a recent paper by Onegin et al (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
57 205002) are incorrect. Second, we demonstrate that in charge non-neutral systems, the pressure expression must be corrected to include interactions with the neutralizing background. This addresses the issues about pressure computation in LAMMPS raised in the paper by Onegin et al. Numerical experiments are performed to verify that the pressure obtained via Ewald summation with corrected terms agrees with the average pressure using thermodynamics for the non-neutral OCP system, and are independent of the splitting parameter in the Ewald summation.
Advancing extrusion-based embedded 3D bioprinting via scientific, engineering, and process innovations
Authors: Bakirci Ezgi , Asghari Adib Ali , Ashraf Syed Faaz , Feinberg Adam W
Published: February 2025

Extrusion-based embedded 3D bioprinting, where bioinks and biomaterials are extruded within a support bath, has greatly expanded the achievable tissue architectures and complexity of biologic constructs that can be fabricated. However, significant scientific, engineering, and process-related challenges remain to recreate the full anatomic structure and physiologic function required for many therapeutic applications. This perspective explores the future advances in extrusion-based embedded 3D bioprinting that could address these challenges, paving the way for clinical translation of bioprinted tissues.
Enhanced machining performance using a hybrid cryogenic CO₂ and TIO₂ nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (Cryomql) system
Authors: K VETRI VELMURUGAN , Mani Narayanasamy
Published: February 2025

This study unveils a groundbreaking hybrid lubrication system that redefines machining performance by merging Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) with cryogenic CO₂ and TiO₂ nanofluid. Operating at an astonishing -62 °C—well below the triple point of CO₂—the system delivers an unprecedented fluid output speed of 400 m/s through an optimized nozzle design, ensuring rapid and efficient coolant delivery. The innovative integration of compressed-air-driven MQL, expelling 480 ml/h of Unist Coolube 2210EP oil blended with TiO₂ nanoparticles, creates a synergistic cooling effect that virtually eliminates thermal buildup during machining. Experimental trials on API L80 pipe specimens revealed a dramatic enhancement in surface integrity, achieving a near-perfect surface roughness of 0.4 µm compared to 2.03 µm with conventional methods. Moreover, the system demonstrated a striking potential to extend tool life by up to 79.68%, accompanied by significant reductions in tool wear—paving the way for substantial cost savings and improved operational efficiency. Designed with a robust “plug and play” architecture, this advanced CryoMQL system can be seamlessly integrated into existing machining setups, minimizing downtime while boosting productivity. These compelling results highlight a paradigm shift towards sustainable and resource-efficient manufacturing, marking a transformative advance in the application of nanofluids and cryogenic techniques in machining technology.