bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the Far Eastern Region to the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War and the End of World War II
Authors: Tkacheva Galina
Published: January 2022

In 1941—1945. The inviolability of the Far Eastern borders with limited human resources, a poorly developed system of communication links and a lack of financial resources was maintained using the country's socio-political and military-economic capabilities. The demographic situation determined the mobilization capabilities of the region, the imbalance between the number of urban and rural residents, the personnel potential of military-industrial and civilian enterprises has increased, the problem of labor resources has become aggravated. The deployment of a military contingent in the Far East was, on the one hand, an incentive for the development of life-supporting industries, and on the other, an additional burden for limited regional resources. The introduction of a rationed supply of food and basic necessities to the population guaranteed a minimum of material benefits for the majority of the population. In the most difficult conditions, it was possible to preserve the social infrastructure at a level that ensures the reproduction of the labor force. The movement “Everything for the front, everything for the victory!” became a symbol of Soviet patriotism, citizenship and sacrifice. The war of the Soviet Union against Japan received the support of the world community. The Tokyo and Khabarovsk military tribunals established that the main Japanese criminals violated international law, treaties and agreements, unleashing aggressive wars against other countries, and committed a grave crime against humanity. The signed international agreements provided not only for the defeat of fascist Germany, Italy, militarist Japan and their allies, but also for the preservation of peace and the settlement of contradictions. The commonality of goals, the just nature of the war helped the Soviet people endure an incredibly difficult and prolonged test and win the Great Patriotic War, and bring the end of World War II closer.
A rare missense Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene variant in a family with muscular dystrophy from Turkey
Authors: TOKGÜN Onur , ALBUZ Burcu , KARAGENÇ Nedim , ERDOĞAN Çağdaş , DEMİRAY Aydın , AKÇA Hakan
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) are muscle diseases that show X-linked recessive inheritance. The disease occurs depending on large mutations, deletions/duplications, small mutations, point mutations and mid-intronic mutations of the gene encoding the protein called dystrophin. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the pathogenic variants of DMD in the affected family. Methods: A 23-year-old male who had weakness in the muscles, difficulty climbing the stairs, frequent falls at the age of seven was referred to the Medical Genetics department for an initial diagnosis of DMD/BMD. His siblings also suffered from similar symptoms. Therefore, eight individuals from the same family were included in the study. MLPA analysis was performed to evaluate deletion/duplication and variants of the DMD gene were evaluated by targeted NGS. Sophia DDM algorithms were used for the bioinformatics analysis of data, and the pathogenicity of the mutations was evaluated based on in silico prediction tools. Results: Allelic variants were identified in 8 individuals of the family including two suspected patients and six suspected obligatory carriers. NGS analysis revealed that proband and his nephew were hemizygous for pathogenic c.10018T> C (p.Cys3340Arg, C3340R) mutation and mother, two sisters and niece were carriers. Conclusions: C3340R mutation was first reported in a Taiwanese BMD patient among the 23 different pathologic changes. This variant identified as pathogenic because of being highly conserved cysteine substitution in the dystroglycan-binding domain of dystrophin. This study has the importance of reporting an infrequent pathogenic mutation, C3340R, in two patients and four suspected obligatory carriers of a Turkish family.
Changes in the clinical course of psoriasis post-COVID-19: a clinical case series
Authors: Sukhova Tatiana E. , Molochkova Yulia V. , Kartashova Mariia G. , Karzanov Oleg V.
Published: January 2022

During COVID-19 pandemic, researchers and clinicians worldwide have noted changes in the course of chronic disorders of various organs and systems, which are likely to be related to systemic effects of the pathogen. Specific heterogeneous skin lesions have been identified in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including those in the patients without any history of skin disorders and exacerbation of chronic dermatoses and/or changes in their clinical manifestation. Post-COVID-19 manifestation and exacerbation of psoriasis have been also described in the literature.
We retrospectively analyzed medical files of 22 in-patients with exacerbation of psoriasis after mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Department of Dermatovenereology from April 2020 to April 2021. There were 7 male patients aged 42 to 74 (meanSD 57.714.1) years and 15 female patients aged 40 to 78 (59.210.3) years. The duration of psoriasis ranged from 1 to 15 (8.74.7) years. Their mean PASI before the coronavirus infection had been 10.25.2. In the majority of the patients the psoriasis exacerbation after COVID-19 was associated with a significant increase of PASI to 18.594.82 (n=12, p 0.05), 32.221.71 (n=5, p 0.01), and to 596 (n=2, p 0.01). In 3 patients, in addition to the increase of the rash area (PASI 10 to 17, mean 13.42.63), psoriatic arthritis was newly diagnosed after COVID-19.
We present a clinical case of a 33-year old male patient with a 15-year history of psoriasis, dramatic worsening of his benign psoriasis vulgaris with its transformation to the Zumbusch type of generalized pustular psoriasis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and rapid clinical improvement after the initiation of treatment with an interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab.
This clinical case series may contribute to the knowledge on the new coronavirus infection and its effects on the course of psoriasis.
Potential impact of viral skin diseases and other viral infections on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in renal transplant patients
Authors: Perlina Anastasia D. , Alexandrov Ilya V. , Prokopenko Elena I. , Terentyev Aleksey V. , Kulikov Pavel A.
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients is usually characterized by more severe disease course and is often associated with life-threatening complications. Identification of additional factors that may affect the risk and severity of the new coronavirus infection could have a significant impact on choosing a management strategy for renal graft recipients.
Aim: To evaluate the possibility of cross-immunity between skin manifestations of viral etiology and COVID-19.
Materials and methods: From May 2020 to February 2021 we examined 180 renal graft recipients with a history of transplantation from 2 months to 26.5 years. All patients were categorized into two groups: group I (n=68), those who had confirmed moderate or severe COVID-19 disease and group II (n=112), those without any history of clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection (including those with potentially asymptomatic disease). During the study period which lasted for 71 months on average (range, 2 to 318 months), laboratory workup was performed in all patients (on average, twice): dermatological examination and detection of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1, 2, cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus, SARS-CoV-2.
Results: In recipients with HPV-associated skin manifestations, the incidence of COVID-19 was significantly lower than in recipients who did not have them 30.4% (34/112) and 50% (34/68), respectively (p=0.011). The incidence of new coronavirus infection did not differ in the groups of patients with cutaneous manifestations caused by herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, and without them. Among recipients with Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity, there were significantly fewer cases of COVID-19 compared to seronegative patients 26.2% (28/107) and 54.8% (40/73), respectively (p=0.0002).
Conclusion: HPV-associated dermal manifestations or serum Epstein-Barr virus-seropositivity in renal graft recipients is associated with lower incidence of moderate and severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed to confirm the possibility of cross-immunity against SARS-CoV-2 with other infections.
Tiwala, Gaining Trust to Recruit Filipino American Families: CARE -T2D Study
Authors: Peregrina Hillary Nicole A. , Yoo Grace J. , Villanueva Carissa , Bayog Maria L.G. , Doan Therese , Bender Melinda S.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Filipino Americans have greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications compared to other Asian populations and non-Hispanic Whites. There are few diabetes intervention studies focused on Filipinos and limited evidence regarding the best recruitment strategies for this hard-to-reach population.Methods: This article examined barriers and facilitators to recruitment of Filipino families for the “Caring for Asian Americans through Research and Education on T2D” (CARE-T2D) study, which took place in California from June 2018 through June 2019.Results: Recruitment of 50 Filipino dyads (parent with T2D and adult child) were suc­cessfully met. Gaining trust through cultur­ally tailored strategies was key in recruiting Filipino participants. Tiwala (gaining trust) strategies involved: 1) using Filipino staff as role models for research engagement and 2) incorporating narrative communications or “kuwentuhan” (Filipino cultural storytelling) with recruitment. Other facilitating strategies included in-person presentations at local colleges and organizations, Filipino com­munity leaders’ support, snowball sampling, previous study participant listservs, and posting fliers on family/friends’ personal social media sites. Barriers to recruitment included research mistrust, confidential­ity concerns, and risks of violating cultural values.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to recruit Filipino family dy­ads. Findings will inform researchers and clinicians on how best to recruit Filipino families in community health-related re­search and public health programs. Ethn Dis. 2022;32(1):49-60; doi:10.18865/ed.32.1.49
Advancing Inclusive Research: Establishing Collaborative Strategies to Improve Diversity in Clinical Trials
Authors: Garrick Owen , Mesa Ruben , Ferris Andrea , Kim Edward S. , Mitchell Edith , Brawley Otis W. , Carpten John , Carter Keith D. , Coney Joseph , Winn Robert , Monroe Stephanie , Sandoval Fabian , Perez Edith , Williams Mitzi , Grove Evan , Highsmith Quita , Richie Nicole , Begelman Susan M. , Collins Asha S. , Freedman Jamie , Gonzales Melissa S. , Wilson Gerren
Published: January 2022

Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, Genentech formed the External Council for Advancing Inclusive Research, a 14-person committee dedicated to developing strate­gies to increase clinical research participa­tion. To help improve the recruitment and retention of patients of color, this article chronicles our efforts to tangibly address the clinical research barriers at the system, study, and patient levels over the last four years. These efforts are one of the initial steps to fully realize the promise of person­alized health care and provide increased patient benefit at less cost to society. Instead of simply acknowledging the problem, here we illuminate the collaborative and multi­level strategies that have been effective in delivering meaningful progress for patients.Ethn Dis. 2022;32(1):61-68; doi:10.18865/ed.32.1.61
An analysis of the factors affecting the financial inclusion in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Sionfou
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the drivers of the ownership and use of mobile accounts as compared to those of financial institution accounts in Côte d’Ivoire. In this perspective, individual level data from the Global Findex 2017 database were used to carry out simple probit and Heckman probit estimations. The results revealed that the ownership of mobile accounts is associated with determinants related to individuals in the least vulnerable strata of society (wealthier and more educated individuals and individuals in the labour force), while their use is associated with determinants related to individuals in the most vulnerable strata of society (women and individuals out of the labour force). On the other hand, the ownership and use of financial institution accounts are associated with the determinants related to individuals in the least vulnerable strata of society. Therefore, the delay between the financial institution accounts’ penetration rate and that of mobile accounts in Côte d’Ivoire may be explained by the greater use of mobile accounts by individuals in the most vulnerable strata of society, which represent the large share of the unbanked.
KUMPULAN PUISI PERJAMUAN KHONG GUAN KARYA JOKO PINURBO SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA (KAJIAN STILISTIKA)
Authors: Argiandini Septian Refvinda , Suyitno Suyitno , Waluyo Herman J.
Published: January 2022

Kompleksnya unsur kebahasaan teks puisi seperti penggunaan diksi, gaya bahasa, dan citraan membuat guru dan siswa kesulitan memahami puisi. Minimnya bahan ajar sastra juga membuat pembelajaran sastra di sekolah kurang bervariatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan (1) diksi Kumpulan Puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan, (2) gaya bahasa Kumpulan Puisi Perjamuan Khong Gua, (3) citraan Kumpulan Puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan (4) pemanfaatan diksi, gaya bahasa, citraan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan pendekatan stilistika sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah dokumen kumpulan puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan Karya Joko Pinurbo. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi teori dan triangulasi sumber data sebagai uji validitas data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dikemukakan bahwa (1) diksi paling dominan dari kumpulan puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan Karya Joko Pinurbo adalah diksi konotatif. (2) Gaya bahasa yang paling dominan dari kumpulan puisi tersebut adalah gaya bahasa metafora. (3) Citraan yang paling dominan dari kumpulan puisi tersebut adalah citraan gerak. (4) Kumpulan Puisi Perjamuan Khong Guan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran teks puisi kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa hasil analisis diksi, gaya bahasa dan citraan dalam penelitian juga dapat dijadikan sebagai inspirasi untuk menulis puisi dengan nilai estetis yang tinggi.

 
KETIDAKADILAN GENDER DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM TEKS DRAMA SAMPEK ENGTAY SERTA PEMANFATAANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA
Authors: Hapsoro Muhammad Rizal Akbar , Suyitno Suyitno , Zulianto Sugit
Published: January 2022

Fenomena ketidakadilan gender dapat ditemukan di masyarakat dan potensial diangkat dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) bentuk ketidakadilan gender dalam naskah drama Sampek Engtay karya N. Riantiarno; (2) nilai pendidikan karakter dalam naskah drama Sampek Engtay karya N. Riantiarno; (3) relevansi naskah drama Sampek Engtay karya N. Riantiarno dengan pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik validasi data menggunakan triangulasi teori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis mengalir. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dialami tokoh perempuan dalam naskah drama Sampek Engtay berupa marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotipe, kekerasan, dan beban kerja; (2) dalam naskah drama Sampek Engtay mengandung lima jenis representasi nilai pendidikan karakter, meliputi religius, nasionalisme, mandiri, gotong royong, dan integritas; (3) hasil analisis naskah drama Sampek Engtay karya N. Riantiarno ini relevan dan dapat digunakan sebagai materi untuk melatih berpikir kritis adanya masalah ketidakadilan gender pada kompetensi dasar menelaah struktur dan kebahasaan naskah drama di kelas XI SMA melalui model pembelajaran problem based-learning dengan metode jigsaw. Dapat disimpulkan teks drama Sampek Engtay memuat bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan gender yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran sastra untuk mengembangkan sikap anti ketidakadilan gender pada siswa.
ABSURDITAS DALAM PUISI DERAI-DERAI CEMARA KARYA CHAIRIL ANWAR
Authors: Husni Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Absurditas merupakan hubungan antara alam batin manusia dan alam dunia nyata, baik yang bersifat harmonis maupun disharmorni, yang potensial menjadi sumber inspirasi penulisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui absurditas dalam puisi Derai-Derai Cemara karya Chairil Anwar. Artikel ini dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui analisis dokumen secara kritis. Teori absurditas yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini ialah absurdisme yang dipopulerkan oleh Albert Camus. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan puisi Derai-Derai Cemara karya Chairil Anwar mengandung nilai-nilai absurditas. Absurditas tersebut ialah pemaknaan hidup, keterasingan, harapan, dan pemberontakan. Dalam puisi Derai-Derai Cemara, Chairil Anwar memberikan pandangannya bahwa “hidup hanya menunda kekalahan.” Dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa puisi ini menggambarkan usaha seorang manusia menjalani hidup yang absurd tanpa jalan yang pasti.
The Relationship Between Educational Level of Fertile Age Women and Contraception Knowledge to Prevent the Unwanted Pregnancy in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Dewi Annita Viesta Nirmala , Kamila Nudiya Salwa Syifa , Nurhidayati Siti
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has the potential for a baby boom after the COVID-19 pandemic. The cause of this issue is the decline of contraception used by fertile age couples. The decline of contraception used lead to unwanted pregnancies. This study were conducted to find out the relationship about educational level in fertile age women regarding contraception. This cross-sectional study was done in 27 provinces in Indonesia and it was found about 279 fertile age women with different educational backgrounds. The respondents who met the inclusion criteria were married women by 104 people from 19 different provinces. The educational level groupings are intermediate (Middle School and High School), vocational (D1/D2/D3), and higher education (Bachelor/Master). The respondents were asked to answer questions about contraceptives through questionnaires distributed on social media. Next, the data were process by using univariate dan bivariate as well as the chi square test with 24 version of SPSS. The result showed that 53.8% of respondents who have good knowledge about contraception, respondents who have poor knowledge about contraceptives are 46.2%. There is a relationship between educational level of fertile age women and knowledge about contraception (p-value: 0,001), and the unmet need is one of the factors which causes unwanted pregnancies, therefore, the efforts are needed to eliminate unmet need to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ANALISIS SISTEM APRAISAL PADA ARTIKEL PORTAL BERITA ONLINE LIPUTAN 6 YANG BERJUDUL CLAUDIA SI CANTIK PEMIMPIN KARTEL NARKOBA MIRIP KIM KARDASHIAN
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Aprianto Budie
Published: January 2022

This reserach focus on apprasisal system analysis on an article entitled”Claudia si cantik pemimpin kartel narkoba mirip Kim Kadarshian”. In this reserach the researcher uses descriptive qualitative method, the data is taken form the news portal liputan6.com that’s afiliated in Surya Citra Televisi (SCTV). That text is analyzed by using appraisal system that focuse on attitude (affect, judgement, and appreciation) amplifying  attitude and source of attitude (graduation). The result of this reserach shows that there are many positive apresiataion on Claudia eventhough Claudia is a drug lord.

 

 
PROBLEMS AND APPROACHES IN CHILDREN FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AT AGE 1-3 YEARS OLD IN YEMEN
Authors: Al-Hamzi Ali Mohammed Saleh , Sartini Ni Wayan , Al-Shrgabi Abdul hakim Ahmed Sallam , Al-Maamari Jamal Nasser Saleh
Published: January 2022

This study argues the problems and approaches in acquiring the first language at age 1-3 years by children in Yemen. Some stages like pre-production, early production, stage of the first-word stage, beginning fluency in its beginning intermediate, and advanced level are treated in this study. To solve the problem, theories relating to acquiring the first language are employed, these theories include (Varshney, 2003), (Lyons, 1981), (Bolinger, 2002), (Chomsky, 2009), (Gleason J. B., 1998), (Steinberg D. D., 2003), (Fromkin, 1983), (Langacker, 1973), (Wells, Children’s Language and Learning, 1980). This study is carried out by employing descriptive qualitative research. The target children are from Yemen aged 1-3 years old. The researcher’s daughter and son are taken as a subject for this study. Then he observed them for a long time and recorded them by using video aids that help him to collect data. After collecting the data, the researcher notices some problems regarding acquiring the first language. These problems include errors in speech sounds, incorrect words, reproduction, duplication, rectification, specifying the question, naming by experience, single-word response. He also finds out a number of approaches regarding acquiring the first language like pre-production, early production, first word, beginning fluency stage, intermediate fluency stage, and advanced fluency stage. Finally, Children first language acquisition can be arisen by exposing it to their parents and others surrounding them.
Analisis Gaya Belajar Visual, Audiotori dan Kinestetik dalam Pengembangan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Lestari Susi , Widda Djuhan Muhammad
Published: January 2022

This research is motivated by the learning achievement in social studies subjects at SMPN 1 Purwantoro which can be categorized as less, compared to other subjects. This is because the learning process in the classroom does not make students interested in the teaching style applied by the teacher. This study aims: To determine the form of visual, audiotory and kinesthetic learning styles of students in developing student achievement in social studies subjects. The design in this study the researcher used a qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Purwantoro with 32 students as the subject of research in class VIII E. The results of the research in the formulation of the first problem, namely the form of visual learning styles in the development of learning achievement in social studies subjects at SMP 1 Purwantoro with the material of economic actors include: (1) learning using a blackboard and LCD, (2) learning by summarizing the material, (3) ) learn by watching videos. The results of the research in the formulation of the second problem were the form of students' audiotory learning styles in the development of social studies subjects at SMPN 1 Purwantoro, namely: (1) learning by discussion, (2) learning while listening to music. The results of the third study, namely the form of student learning styles that have kinesthetic learning styles are: (1) learning by using body language (2) reading while walking. The results of the research in the formulation of the fourth problem, namely the results of the visual, audiotory and kinesthetic learning styles of each student have a good value on the learning styles that each student tends to have.
Operações enunciativas e predicativas: análise de marcas linguísticas na produção textual por alunos do Ensino Fundamental II
Authors: Facundes Leonildes Pessoa , Mantovani Marlene Aparecida Viscardi
Published: January 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar a construção da moral da fábula Hortifrutigranjeira, realizada por alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental II sob um olhar estritamente enunciativo na perspectiva dos fundamentos teóricos, defendido pela Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas (TOPE) proposta pelo linguista Antoine Culioli (1990, 1999). Entre os vários conceitos aqui abordados, centramos a análise no que se refere à modalização. Na análise das marcas linguísticas identificadas nos textos, buscamos verificar: a) os processos operatórios linguísticos envolvidos na elaboração da moral; b) se o aluno foi capaz de discretizar a narrativa do texto de apoio; c) quais mecanismos enunciativos o aluno envolveu na construção da moral. Consideramos como fundamental a articulação da língua e da linguagem como parâmetro para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e para o desenvolvimento linguístico-cognitivo do educando.
A construção da escrita acadêmica colaborativa estudantil em conversas digitalizadas
Authors: Ruiz Eliana Maria Severino Donaio
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação, de abordagem qualiquantitativa, que analisou a construção do texto colaborativo por aprendizes de escrita acadêmica em interações via ferramenta fórum da plataforma Moodle e do aplicativo WhatsApp. Foram investigadas conversas digitalizadas de estudantes de Letras de uma universidade pública paranaense, visando a produção colaborativa de resumos e resenhas. Numa concepção dialógica de linguagem, os aportes teóricos contemplam estudos sobre uso de tecnologias digitais na educação, escrita colaborativa e letramentos acadêmicos. Os resultados apontam para uma herança do letramento autônomo vivenciado pelos sujeitos na educação básica, demandando, por parte do professor universitário, mais atenção para com aspectos de mediação e planejamento com apoio de tecnologia digital, envolvidos seja no processo de produção escrita colaborativa, em geral, ou acadêmica, em particular.
Português Guineense e Português Europeu: um estudo preliminar sobre a percepção das suas diferenças entoacionais
Authors: Braga Gabriela , Frota Sónia , Fernandes-Svartman Flaviane
Published: January 2022

A Guiné-Bissau é um país multiétnico e multilíngue em que o português é a língua oficial, embora não seja língua materna. Estudos desenvolvidos com base na Fonologia Prosódica e na Fonologia Entoacional sobre o português falado na Guiné-Bissau (PGB) apontam que, quanto à densidade tonal, ele afasta-se da variedade lisboeta (SEP) e aproxima-se de variedades ultramarinas, como o português brasileiro. Entretanto, novos dados do PGB mostram maior similaridade ao SEP quanto ao contorno entoacional: ambos apresentam platôs melódicos, porém SEP apresenta um platô contínuo, enquanto PGB, uma composição de pequenos platôs. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um teste de percepção piloto, verificando se PGB e SEP são de fato distintos, embora o SEP seja a norma-alvo. A tarefa de discriminação AX categorial foi realizada por brasileiros e portugueses, em que apenas o contorno entoacional de sentenças declarativas neutras do SEP e do PGB era apresentado. Os resultados mostram que brasileiros percebem mais a diferença entre SEP e PGB quando ouvem primeiro a entoação do SEP, indicando que um contorno seria melhor distinguido pela alternância entre tons do que pela quantidade de acentos tonais. Assim, o tipo de contorno entoacional parece uma pista mais robusta do que densidade tonal na diferenciação de variedades/línguas.
Part One: Abuse Liability of Vuse Solo Relative To Combustible Cigarettes And Nicotine Gum
Authors: Campbell Chris , Jin Tao , Round Elaine K. , Schmidt Eckhardt , Nelson Paul , Baxter Sarah
Published: January 2022

Abuse liability (AL) of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is relevant as the category increases in popularity as a potentially less-harmful alternative to cigarette smoking. AL assessments are important to the FDA in determining if a new product is appropriate for the protection of public health. This paper reports the results for Vuse Solo and high and low AL-comparators evaluated in an open-label, randomized crossover confinement AL study. The confinement design was adapted from previous ambulatory studies of Vuse Solo and included product familiarization sessions before each four-hour test session in which subjective measures, nicotine uptake, and physiological endpoints were assessed following a single 10-minute ad libitum product use session. Product liking, intent to use again, suppression of urge to smoke, and nicotine uptake were lower after use of Vuse Solo compared to cigarettes and higher after use of Vuse Solo compared to nicotine gum. No significant differences in blood pressure or heart rate were observed between the products pre- to post-product use. These data reinforce previous research showing that Vuse Solo has an AL profile lower than that of combustible cigarettes but higher than that of nicotine gum and may have sufficient AL for product adoption by current adult smokers.
Time-Resolved Thickness and Shape-Change Quantification using a Dual-Band Nanoplasmonic Ruler with Sub-Nanometer Resolution
Authors: Nugroho Ferry , Switlik Dominika , Armanious Antonius , O'Reilly Padraic , Darmadi Iwan , Nilsson Sara , Zhdanov Vladimir , Höök Fredrik , Antosiewicz Tomasz , Langhammer Christoph
Published: January 2022

Time-resolved measurements of changes in size and shape of nanobiological objects and layers are crucial to understand their properties and optimize their performance. Optical sensing is particularly attractive with high throughput and sensitivity, and label-free operation. However, most state-of-the-art solutions require intricate modelling or multiparameter measurements to disentangle conformational or thickness changes of biomolecular layers from complex interfacial refractive index variations. Here, we present a dual-band nanoplasmonic ruler comprising mixed arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles with spectrally separated resonance peaks. As electrodynamic simulations and model experiments show, it enables real-time simultaneous measurements of thickness and refractive index variations in uniform and heterogeneous layers with sub-nanometer resolution. Additionally, nanostructure shape changes can be tracked, as demonstrated by quantifying the degree of lipid vesicle deformation at the critical coverage prior to rupture and supported lipid bilayer formation. In a broader context, the presented nanofabrication approach opens the door to multimodal nanoplasmonic optical sensing.
Effects of Underwater Ship Sound and Urban Noise on Voluntary Feeding and Growth Response of Fish
Authors: Kusku Halit
Published: January 2022

The drastically increase of human population and urbanization in waterfronts has boosted the shipping industry along the coast line of urbanized areas. In the present study, impacts of rising noise pollution in coastal areas due to intense urbanization at waterfronts and ship sound from harbors on possible acclimation response of fish through the assessment of voluntary feeding and growth performance have been evaluated. During the initial 15-days of sound exposure, fish growth was almost stable with a linear growth trend. However, an increasing trend was noted from day-30 onwards over the following 60 days until the end of the study (day-90), which could be linked to a time-dependent acclimation of fish to ship sound and urban noise. A remarkable shift towards a significant increase in growth after the first 15-days of slow-growth trend in fish exposed to underwater sound transmissions presented evidence for a “catch-up growth endeavor”, that resulted in an increased voluntary feeding, indicating that nearshore populations of fish near harbors, ferry ports and noisy intense urban waterfronts might acclimate to noisy conditions over a certain time, which was found as 15-30 days under the conditions applied in this study. These findings may support policymakers for environmental management towards an ecology-based planning of near-shore industrial development.
Comparison of End-To-End Descending Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis And End-To-Side Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis For Facial Paralysis After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Song Gang , Zhou Yiqiang , Wu Yafang , Wu Xiaolong , Li Mingchu , Guo Hongchuan , Chen Ge , Bao Yuhai , Liang Jiantao
Published: January 2022

Background: We aimed to compare the outcomes of end-to-end descending hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (eeDHFA) and end-to-side hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (esHFA) in patients with complete facial paralysis after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients with complete nerve damage identified during previous VS removal or on electromyography during follow-up. Postoperative facial palsy was evaluated using the House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading system. Postoperative hemiglossal atrophy and swallowing were assessed using Martins’ grading system and the water-swallowing test, respectively. Hoarseness was also recorded if present. Results: The median time from VS resection to anastomosis was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.062). The median follow-up time showed no significant differences between groups (eeDHFA: 17 months; esHFA: 14 months; p=0.446). We found no significant differences in the number of favourable (HB I-III) or unfavourable (HB IV-VI) outcomes for facial nerve function in the last follow-up (p=0.924). Only one patient from each group developed hemi-tongue myoparalysis. No patient experienced swallowing dysfunction or hoarseness. Conclusions: We concluded that eeDHFA is as effective as esHFA as a surgical method for the treatment of facial palsy after VS surgery. Since eeDHFA represents a simple technique for facial reanimation, it could therefore be considered as an alternative surgical option for patients affected by complete facial paralysis after VS surgery.
Effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the use and perceptions of metropolitan agricultural parks. Evidence from Milan and Naples
Authors: Cattivelli Valentina , Rusciano Vincenzo , Gatto Andrea
Published: January 2022

This article describes the multi-function of the metropolitan agricultural parks in Milan (Parco Agricolo Sud Milano) and Naples (Parco De Filippo), as well as their resilience within the last period of the lockdown enforced for limiting the COVID-19 diffusion in Italy. These parks play an important role in the urban regeneration and social inclusion processes in their relative metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, the restrictions imposed to limit COVID-19 contagions have imposed their closure or severely limited their activities, with evident consequences on the local population wellbeing. Exploiting a document analysis and the elaboration of a semi-structured interview with the directors, the article lists the multiple functions of the parks and underlines their multidimensional governance vocations for fostering sustainable development (environmental, economic and social functions). The study also reveals that, during the lockdown, the parks’ activities have been strongly reduced or restructured. Recreational and educational activities were lifted in Parco Agricolo Sud in Milan, whilst local farms restructured their food supply, fostered their network and linkages with the urban distribution channels. In the same period, the metropolitan park analyzed in Naples had to stop its activities and reorganize into smart-working, holding meetings with its users throughout dedicated apps. Lastly, the article reveals that economic activities were resumed with greater urgency in Milan, whereas in Naples the recovery of the social ones has taken on greater importance. Farms network continued to operate in Milan Metropolitan Parks. Despite the limited number of offered social initiatives here, the local population was attracted. Right after the post-lockdown phase, the De Filippo urban park has, indeed, resumed all social activities: care of community gardens, public events, school visits.JEL codes: O13; O18; Q01; Q23.
Thermal Behavior of an Improved Face-Grinding Spindle: Water-Lubricated Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing Decreases Temperature Rise and Increases Axial Stiffness
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Lin Shengye , Liu Fukang
Published: January 2022

Axial thermal deformation and axial stiffness are main technical indicators to affect manufacturing accuracy of face-grinding spindle. However, the face-grinding spindle supported by rolling bearings lubricated with grease has a relative disadvantage in respect of temperature rise, axial stiffness and rotational accuracy. To overcome this issue, this study proposes a novel face-grinding spindle supported by a combined bearings, which include a water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing and two rolling bearings with oil-air lubrication system. The thermal model for the proposed face-grinding spindle is established and the spindle thermal behavior is analyzed systematically. An experiment prototype of the face-grinding spindle is developed, and temperature rise of the spindle is detected to verify the thermal model. The result shows that the temperature rise of the proposed spindle can be decreased by the using of the water-lubricated hydrostatic thrust bearing. A comparative study between the two types of spindles shows that the proposed face-grinding spindle with the combined support has technical advantage of low temperature rise, large axial stiffness and low rotation accuracy, etc.
Implementation of the Right to Healthy Environment: Regulations for running air conditioners in public buildings and recognition of biological pollutants.
Authors: Singh Raja , Dewan Anil
Published: January 2022

The Indian Supreme Court has declared the right to healthy environment a fundamental right available to citizens of India. This in contrast to Indian executive’s abstention from voting on the resolution for the right to healthy environment at United Nations Human Rights Council. Indian citizens may now be forced move courts for basic rights like clean and healthy air instead of a stronger executive action. This study uses an example of nine public buildings in New Delhi to show that air conditioners have an impact on the indoor air quality of congregational. This impact is all the more severe as it has a relation to the spread of airborne infections like COVID-19. The study highlights the paradox of fresh air intake for infection control and how it brings in polluted air due to ill equipped air conditioning systems. It also highlights biological contaminants’ non recognition as pollutants. The data was gathered by the use of the Right to Information Act, 2005 and was studied to reinforce the evidence-based lack of regulations and implementation in New Delhi. The focus today must be on making regulations so that people in India realise their right to breathable air and a healthy environment.
Expression of Inflammatory Markers In The Muscles of Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy According To The Presence of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Lee Jung Sun , Ghang Byeongzu , Choi Wonho , Hong Seokchan , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Nam Soo Jeong , Yoo Bin
Published: January 2022

Objective. Several studies have identified factors associated with the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). However, few have assessed the association between ILD and muscle biopsy findings including inflammatory marker expressions analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the muscle biopsy findings that were associated with the presence of ILD.Methods. Muscle biopsies from patients who were newly diagnosed with IIMs between 2000 and 2017 were reviewed. ILD was diagnosed based on high-resolution computed tomography findings at the time of diagnosis of IIMs. IHC staining was performed for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD163, MX1, MHC class I, and HLA-DR. The factors associated with the presence of ILD were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results. Of the 129 patients with IIM, 49 (38%) had ILD. In muscle biopsy findings, CD4 expression (47% vs. 29%, P = 0.036), MX1 expression on immune cell (29% vs. 13%, P = 0.023), and expression of MHC class I (67% vs. 41%, P = 0.004) and HLA-DR (37% vs. 11%, P = 0.001) on myofiber were more common in patients with ILD than those without. In logistic regression analysis, HLA-DR expression on myofiber was significantly associated with the risk of ILD (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.24–4.90, P = 0.012) after adjusting for pathologic findings, clinical features, and autoantibodies.Conclusion. Expression of HLA-DR on myofibers was associated with the presence of ILD in patients with IIM.
Low-fidelity Design Optimization and Development of a VTOL Swarm UAV using an Open-source Framework
Authors: Sethi Nikhil , Ahlawat Saurav
Published: January 2022

Hybrid configurations in aircraft design are highly favorable as they can achieve the appropriate trade-offs required to develop a generalized unmanned aerial system. Rapid prototyping of such systems at the student level is a challenge because commercial software is expensive and difficult to interlink with other tools for creating a multi-disciplinary design. In this paper, an all-electric unmanned aerial system with both Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) and Fixed-Wing (FW) capabilities is designed and optimized for long range surveillance and relief operations. The entire design and simulation pipeline from concept to render is done using completely open-source software, libraries and in-house code. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is equipped with on-board computers and sensors, and is designed to operate in an ad-hoc WiFi network with a swarm of similar UAVs. A prototype is fabricated, integrated and tested as well. A comparison with commercial codes and programs is done parallel to each design step. The study is concluded by discussing the primary challenges of using free software and testing a UAV with a hybrid configuration.
Nanocarrier System for Increasing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Oxaliplatin
Authors: Alavi Negin , Rezaei Majid , Maghami Parvaneh , Fanipakdel Azar , Avan Amir
Published: January 2022

The application of Oxaliplatin (OxPt) in different malignancies is reported to be accompanied
by several side effects, including neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, low
blood counts, loss of appetite, etc. The passive or active targeting of different tumors can improve
OxPt delivery. Considering the demand for novel systems meant to improve the OxPt efficacy and
define the shortcomings, we provided an overview of different approaches regarding the delivery
of OxPt. There is an extending body of data that exhibits the value of liposomes and polymer-
based drug delivery systems as the most successful systems among the OxPt drug delivery procedures.
Several clinical trials have been carried out to investigate the side effects and dose-limiting
toxicity of liposomal oxaliplatin, such as the assessment on Safety Study of MBP-426 (Liposomal
Oxaliplatin Suspension for Injection) to Treat Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors. In addition,
several studies indicated the biocompatibility and biodegradability of this product, as well as
its option for being fictionalized to derive specialized smart nanosystems for the treatment of cancer.
The better delivery of OxPt with weaker side effects could be generated by the exertion of Oxaliplatin,
which involves the aggregation of new particles and multifaceted nanocarriers to compose
a nanocomposite with both inorganic and organic nanoparticles.
Neochamaejasmine A Promotes Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in
B16F10 Melanoma Cells via JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Zhao Wei , Zhu Weiwei , Yu Lan , Zhu Xuejie , Ding Yangfang , Zheng Qiusheng
Published: January 2022

Background:

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the last 30 years.
The most common treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, frequently cause
serious damage to the body. It is therefore critical to develop a new therapeutic strategy for the
treatment of melanoma.

Objectives:

This research aims to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of Neochamaejasmine A (NCA) on
B16F10 melanoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

The CCK-8 kit was utilized to assay the influence of NCA on the vitality of B16F10
cells. Modifications in B16F10 cells morphology were observed using a phase-contrast microscope.
Apoptosis of B16F10 melanoma cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258, Annexin V and propidium
iodide staining. Cell cycle was detected using a commercial kit by flow cytometry. The mRNA
and protein expression levels associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were detected by
RT-PCR and Western blot. The expression level of pathway proteins was assessed using Western
blot.

Result:

It was found that the proliferation of B16F10 cells was inhibited by NCA in concentration-
and time-dependent manners. NCA promoted apoptosis by halting the cell cycle at the G2/M
phase. After treatment with NCA, cell apoptosis was confirmed by Hoechst 33258 staining. NCA
triggered the cell cycle to seize at the G2/M stage by downregulating cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent
kinase 2 (CDC2) expression. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of cleaved caspase-
9 and Bcl-2-associated X-protein (Bax) were increased, whereas there was a decline in the expression
of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The p-p38/p38 and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase
(p-JNK/JNK) ratio were also elevated by NCA. The apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest
were inhibited in cells co-treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and JNK inhibitor SP600125.
The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax was decreased, and Bcl-2 was increased.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study showed that NCA could induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
in B16F10 melanoma cells by activating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Cenobamate: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Efficacy
and Tolerability Profile in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Barbieri Maria Antonietta , Perucca Emilio , Spina Edoardo , Rota Paola , Franco Valentina
Published: January 2022

Cenobamate is a novel antiseizure medication (ASM) commercially available in Europe
and in the U.S. for the treatment of focal seizures in adults. The mechanisms responsible for its antiseizure
activity include enhancement of the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels with
blockade of the persistent sodium current and positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors at
a non-benzodiazepine binding site. Cenobamate has a high oral bioavailability that is not influenced
by food intake. The terminal half-life is 50-60 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. Cenobamate
is a CYP2C19 inhibitor and an inducer of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, and consequently, it can
cause a number of drug-drug interactions. Efficacy and safety have been evaluated in two randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy trials in adults with focal seizures. In
both trials, cenobamate decreased significantly the frequency of focal seizures, with relatively high
seizure freedom rates. Adverse events most commonly reported in double-blind trials included
dizziness, somnolence, headache, fatigue, and diplopia. The occurrence of three cases of drug reaction
with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) during early clinical development led to
the conduction of a Phase 3 open-label long-term safety study in a total of 1339 patients. In this
study, no serious idiosyncratic adverse reactions were observed using a start-low and go-slow approach.
Further studies are required to determine whether the clinical activity profile of cenobamate
extends to protection against other seizure types and to evaluate its efficacy and safety profile
in special patient groups such as infants, children, the elderly, and patients with comorbid conditions.