bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermittent upper and lower body perfusion during circulatory arrest is safe for aortic repair
Authors: Spindel Stephen M. , Yanagawa Bobby , Mejia Javier , Levin Matthew A. , Varghese Robin , Stelzer Paul E.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

We report our initial surgical experience of intermittent upper and lower body retrograde perfusion during aortic repair under circulatory arrest.

Methods:

Between 2007 and 2015, 148 consecutive patients underwent surgical aortic repair using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest with intermittent upper and lower body retrograde perfusion.

Results:

All patients underwent ascending aorta replacement; eight had hemiarch replacement (5.4%) and 92 had aortic root surgery (62.2%). Twenty-nine patients (19.6%) had re-operations and 60 patients (40.5%) had concomitant procedures. The mean duration of circulatory arrest was 23.2 ± 5.4 minutes (range 13-48 minutes). Hospital length of stay was 11.3 ± 16.9 days (median 7.0 days; interquartile range [IQR] 6 days). Complications included death in 0.7%, stroke in 3.4%, respiratory failure in 12.8%, renal replacement therapy in 2.0% and re-exploration for bleeding in 0.7%. Peak renal and hepatic biomarkers were: creatinine 1.2 ± 0.3 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 291 ± 1112 U/L (IQR 91.8 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 212 ± 924 U/L (IQR 43.0 U/L) and total bilirubin 1.2 ± 0.9 mg/dL. Peak lactate was 5.0 ± 3.3 mmol/L (IQR 3.3 mmol/L) and the mean time to normalization (<2 mmol/L) was 14.3 ± 14.0 hours.

Conclusions:

Intermittent upper and lower body retrograde perfusion during circulatory arrest is safe for aortic repair, resulting in low morbidity and mortality. There were only modest rises in hepatic and renal injury biomarkers as well as the rapid clearance of lactate. These findings support the continued study of this technique to reduce end-organ dysfunction during circulatory arrest, including expansion to patients with longer circulatory arrest duration and a direct comparison with conventional circulatory arrest without retrograde upper and lower body perfusion.
Sensor-based reactive navigation in unknown convex sphere worlds
Authors: Arslan Omur , Koditschek Daniel E
Published: September 2018

We construct a sensor-based feedback law that provably solves the real-time collision-free robot navigation problem in a compact convex Euclidean subset cluttered with unknown but sufficiently separated and strongly convex obstacles. Our algorithm introduces a novel use of separating hyperplanes for identifying the robot’s local obstacle-free convex neighborhood, affording a reactive (online-computed) continuous and piecewise smooth closed-loop vector field whose smooth flow brings almost all configurations in the robot’s free space to a designated goal location, with the guarantee of no collisions along the way. Specialized attention to planar navigable environments yields a necessary and sufficient condition on convex obstacles for almost-global navigation towards any goal location in the environment. We further extend these provable properties of the planar setting to practically motivated limited range, isotropic and anisotropic sensing models, and the non-holonomically constrained kinematics of the standard differential-drive vehicle. We conclude with numerical and experimental evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed sensory feedback motion planner.
Vulcanization Accelerators
Authors: Komatsu Tomoyuki
Published: September 2018

Vulcanization accelerators are important for sulfur vulcanization. Sulfur vulcanization is performed by heating the rubber to which sulfur was added. But, it proceeds very slowly in the absence of a vulcanization accelerator, and the properties of the vulcanized rubber are inferior. Vulcanization accelerator promotes the vulcanization reaction and improves the quality of the rubber. This report describes fundamentals of the vulcanization accelerator.
Polypropylene-Cellulose Innovative Compounding Technology
Authors: Sobczak L. , Limper A. , Keuter H. , Fischer K. , Haider A.
Published: September 2018

Lightweight construction and recyclability are essential factors when it comes to meeting environmental targets. Natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFCs) have an important role to play here. The density of natural fibre materials is up to 50% lower than that of the reinforcing fibres traditionally used for plastics, such as glass fibres, and as well as being fully recyclable the composites offer 100% thermal energy recovery.
Hybrid Composites Based on Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate Copolymers
Authors: Legon'kova O.A. , Popov A.A. , Bokarev A.A. , Karpova S.G.
Published: September 2018

Methods of electron microscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the structure and properties of two- and three-component highly filled composites based on a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate (CEVA) and organic and inorganic fillers with the aim of creating biodegradable polymeric materials. The considerable influence of the composition of the composites on the physicomechanical, thermophysical, rheological, and dynamic properties was established.
Nanoclays – Fillers for the Polymer Coating of Textiles
Authors: Schröter F. , Textor T. , Schollmeyer E.
Published: September 2018

A research project explored the possibilities of modifying coating polymers with clay minerals, in particular with organoclays or nanoclays. The investigations covered a number of types of polymers that are used for coating textile materials. The project also examined ways of optimising the properties of coatings by varying the formulations and by incorporating phyllosilicates. Particular attention was paid to improving the mechanical properties, barrier properties, flame resistance, thermal stability or ageing resistance. As well as simply characterising such changes, the study assessed the extent to which the coating polymers can be filled as homogeneously as possible with the sheet silicates and whether intercalation or exfoliation of the silicates is observed.
The Use of Nizhnekamskneftekhim Butadiene Rubber in High-Impact Polystyrene Production
Authors: Vaseneva I.A. , Boreiko N.P. , Trifonova O.M.
Published: September 2018

At the Nizhnekamskneftekhim Open Joint Stock Company, technology has been developed and introduced into operation for the production of new SKD-L butadiene rubber suitable for the modification of thermoplastic materials. It has been shown that the use of SKD-L polybutadiene in the production of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) makes it possible to produce a polymer with the desired combination of properties, and also to lower the manufacturing cost of high-impact plastics produced in Russia, and to ensure independence from the foreign market.
The Mechanism and Kinetics of the Oxidative Polymerisation of N-Ethylaniline
Authors: Mezhuev Ya.O. , Korshak Yu.V. , Shtil'man M.I. , Koledenkov A.A. , Ustinova M.S. , Semenova I.N.
Published: September 2018

In the present work an examination is made of the kinetics of the oxidative polymerisation of N-ethylaniline in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, with ammonium peroxydisulphate as the oxidant. The key role of protolytic equilibria in this process is shown, a kinetic model is proposed, and its parameters are determined.
Composite Chemosensor Materials Based on Polymer Matrices with Crown Ether Derivatives
Authors: Zaitsev I.S. , Tsar'kova M.S. , Timonin A.N. , Zaitsev S.Yu. , Sazonov S.K. , Vedernikov A.I. , Gromov S.P.
Published: September 2018

Composite materials, consisting of a polymer matrix and a crown ether derivative immobilised in it, and possessing photochromic properties, have been obtained and investigated. The possibility of using them to detect mercury(II) cations has been shown.
Influence of the Complexing Medium on the Structure and Properties of Interpolymer Complexes of Polyacrylic Acid
Authors: Kovalenko G.M. , Bokova E.S. , Blinkova A.N.
Published: September 2018

An examination was made of the influence of the complexing medium on the structure and particle size distribution of interpolymer complexes. The chemical composition of polycomplexes was analysed as a function of the complexing medium. For the case of a polyacrylic acid–polyvinyl alcohol complex obtained in a glycerin–water medium, the results of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, analysis of the deformation and strength properties and sorption characteristics, a series of successive qualitative reactions on glycerin, and also data of IR spectroscopy show the possibility of the formation in the given binary solvent of polycomplexes containing glycerin in their structure.
The Synthesis and Investigation of Furfuryl–Alkylene Oligomers
Authors: Nizamov T.A.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigations of the synthesis of furfuryl–alkylene oligomers are set out. It is established that the synthesised oligomers are segmented cooligomers. The chemical composition of the cooligomers is characterised quantitatively.
Modelling of the Formation of Gradient Dispersed Structures in Blends of Thermoplastics and Thermosetting Plastics
Authors: Budylin N.Yu. , Shapagin A.V. , Chalykh A.E. , Khasbuillin R.R.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the phase structure of the diffusion zones formed during the dissolution of particles and films of thermoplastics in a thermosetting matrix and their curing are set out. Concentration distribution profiles are plotted, diffusion coefficients are calculated, and micrographs of the phase structure of the diffusion zone during the chemical reaction of curing are obtained.
The Electrical Conductivity of Composites Based on Polyvinyl Chloride and Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Lyashuk T.G.
Published: September 2018

The results are given of experimental investigations of the electrophysical properties of composites based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and copper nanoparticles in weak electric fields. It is established that the electrical conductivity of the PVC systems depends non-linearly on the content of ultradispersed metal filler.
The Flow of Polymer Binders Containing Solid Filler Particles
Authors: Ermilov A.S.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the steady-state flow in a cylindrical pipe of a polymer binder containing solid filler particles. A polymer melt or solution whose flow obeys Oswald de Ville's law can be used as the binder. In formulae for calculating the flow velocity profile and the volume flow rate, above all account is taken of the influence of the volume content, and also of the shape and fractional composition of the filler particles and the physicochemical interaction of the filler with the binder, on the rheological properties of the polymer suspension.
Modification of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Composites with Different Rubbers in the Presence of Tellurium
Authors: Guseinova Z.N.
Published: September 2018

To improve the service and physicomechanical characteristics of polyolefins, a composite based on LDPE + isotactic PP has been produced with the use of butadiene–styrene and butadiene–acrylonitrile elastomers as modifiers. Tellurium was selected as the antioxidant. It was established that the composite obtained possesses high strength and deformation properties, and also a high Vicat softening point and cracking resistance.
The Effect of Certain Inorganic Fillers/Fireproofing Agents on the Flammability of Thermoplastic Materials
Authors: Gordienko V.P. , Sal'nikov V.G.
Published: September 2018

It is shown that certain metal fluorides and salt crystal hydrates are among the most promising inorganic fillers/fireproofing agents, reducing the flammability of thermoplastic materials possessing a low oxygen index.
Effect of Glycerin Monoesters Based on Organic Monocarboxylic Fatty Acids on the Processing Properties of Pvc
Authors: Nafikova R.F. , Mazina L.A. , Stepanova L.B. , Afanas'ev F.I. , Deberdeev R.Ya.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of glycerin monoesters obtained by a single-stage pollution-free method on the processing properties of PVC. Glycerin monoesters synthesised on the basis of oleic, stearic, and higher isomeric acids lower the polymer melt temperature and raise the melt flow, and also the dynamic and static heat stability of PVC composites.
Increasing the Strength and Wear Resistance of Friction Composite Materials by Modifying Them with Boric Acid Polymethylene-P-Triphenyl Ester
Authors: Korabel'nikov D.V. , Lenskii M.A. , Nekrasov M.S. , Kondrat'ev R.N. , Kartavykh I.E.
Published: September 2018

The possibility is shown of controlling the strength and wear resistance of polymer friction materials based on rubbers by adding boric acid polymethylene-p-triphenyl ester without altering the basic production technology of the composites. The greater heat resistance of the modified friction composites is established.
Assessment of the Structural Features and Service Properties of Epoxy Composites Based on Chemical Fibres
Authors: Zubova N.G. , Ustinova T.P. , Kononenko S.G.
Published: September 2018

A comparative analysis was made of the structural features and service properties of epoxy composites based on chemical fibres. This analysis showed that, by selecting a reinforcing system of different chemical nature, control of the service characteristics of the composite is possible.
Linear Block Copolymers of Styrene and Rubbers as Regulators of the Characteristics of Road-Marking Thermoplastics
Authors: Voznyi S.I. , Artemenko A.A. , Evteeva S.M.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of aspects of the production of long-lasting polymer-based road-marking materials. Shortcomings were able to be overcome by introducing special additives, including high-molecular-weight polymers, into the binder formula.
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate as Reagent Carriers for Crosslinking Reactions
Authors: Vogel R. , Vuçak M. , Nover C. , Peitzsch L.
Published: September 2018

Precipitated calcium carbonates (PCC) of different particle morphologies were used as appropriate carrier particles for post-processing crosslinking reactions. Optimum particle morphology and size were estimated for preparation of dry liquids (DLs). The DLs were tested in three typical crosslinking reactions of polymers.
The Effect of Climatic Factors and Mechanical Loading on the Properties of Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic Based on An Epoxy Binder
Authors: Kirillov V.N. , Efimov V.A. , Shvedkova A.K.
Published: September 2018

For carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic based on epoxy binder EDT-69N, an investigation was made of the effect of climatic factors in accelerated heat and humidity tests and in natural climatic tests under static and cyclic loading on change in the residual strength of the material in bend, its moisture content, and structural transformations in the material (glass transition region and glass transition temperature).
Surface Energetic and Strength Characteristics of Heat-Treated Composites Based on Butadiene–Acrylonitrile Elastomer Modified with Carbon Black
Authors: Zhazaeva E.M. , Pshikhachev A.G. , Gubzhev T.A. , Kashirgov A.A. , Gekkieva Zh.M. , Tkhakakhov R.B.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of annealing and quenching on the interphase tension and strength of carbon-black-filled composites based on butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber with different nanoparticle contents. It was shown that the properties of filled blends depend non-additively on the carbon black concentration and heat treatment.
Biodegradable Packaging Materials Based on Polysaccharides (Starch)
Authors: Rybkina S.P. , Pakharenko V.V. , Bulakh V.Yu. , Pakharenko V.A.
Published: September 2018

An analysis has been made of the effect of different additives on the properties of starch-based polymer composites. The authors describe the principal stages of the technology for producing such materials, which can be used for creating new ecologically safe biodegradable materials for the manufacture of films, packaging, and different products of short-time use. Their main trade names and manufacturers are given.
Calculating the Functionality of Oligomers When a Mixture of Initiators of Different Functionality is Used
Authors: Boiko V.P. , Grishchenko V.K.
Published: September 2018

Analytical and graphic dependences are presented for determining the fraction of molecules of oligomers of different functionality and the number-average functionality of oligomers obtained in mixtures of initiators of different functionality. The dependences can be used for practical calculations associated with the production of oligomers with specified functionality and functionality distribution of the molecules.
The Failure of Polymer Constructions in Corrosive Media
Authors: Aristov V.M. , Aristova E.P.
Published: September 2018

The types of failure of constructions manufactured from polymeric materials in the presence of a corrosive medium have been analysed. Recommendations have been developed for determining the life of constructions of polymeric materials.
High Viscosity Aem Rubbers for Increased Demands on Seals in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Kammerer K.
Published: September 2018

Ethylene acrylic elastomers (AEM) have been widely used in automotive seal, gasket, hose and ducting applications since they were introduced in 1975, but recent changes in engine technology have created many under-bonnet operating environments beyond the capabilities of standard AEM. In response, DuPont has developed Vamac Ultra grades to provide step-change improvements in processability and performance.
The Influence of the Synthesis Conditions on the Compositional Inhomogeneity of Copolymers of Higher N-alkyl Acrylamides and n-docecyl (meth)Acrylate
Authors: Sivokhin A.P. , Samodurova S.I. , Kazantsev O.A. , Shirshin K.V. , Kamorin D.M. , Orekhov D.V.
Published: September 2018

The “special” nature of the copolymerisation of higher N-alkyl acrylamides of different structure with n-dodecyl acrylate or n-docecyl methacrylate in butyl acetate or toluene is shown. It has been found that the compositional inhomogeneity of the obtained copolymers is determined by the overall initial monomer concentration and the structure of the ester, while the structure of the amides, replacement of the solvent, and variation of the initiator concentration have little effect on compositional inhomogeneity.
The Temperature Factor of the Size Parameters of Nanoparticles
Authors: Ryskulov A.A. , Liopo V.A. , Avdeichik S.V.
Published: September 2018

Between the nano and the macro states there is a size boundary whose existence is explained within the framework of the Debye model of behaviour of phonons in crystals. If the particle size is such that a phonon with a wavelength greater than the Debye wavelength is unable to propagate, then the substance acquires different properties from the bulk properties, as only high-frequency excitations can exist within it. The particle size and temperature affect the intensity and profiles of the X-ray reflexes. On the basis of a combined examination of the Sherrer formula and the Debye-Waller factor, a method is proposed for estimating the temperature factor in the size of crystalline nanoparticles. An examination is made of the influence of temperature on the change in nanoparticle size. With account taken of the Debye-Waller factor, the possibility is shown of estimating the size of a nanoparticle on the basis of the change in energy state owing to dispersion. Grinding of the particle (increase in the coefficient of dispersion) results in a change in the effective temperature, the magnitude of which must be taken into account when assessing the parameters of nanoparticles.
The Vulcanisation Kinetics of Rubber Mixes Based on SKF-26 Fluorine-Containing Rubber in the Presence of Sulphur
Authors: Shcherbina N.A. , Pichkhidze S.Ya.
Published: September 2018

An analysis was made of the sensitivity of an interphase transfer catalyst in the vulcanisation of fluorine-containing rubber SKF-26 in the presence of sulphur as an inhibitor. It was demonstrated in experiments that low-molecular-weight polybutadiene (LMWPB) acts as a catalyst protector and eliminates the negative effect of sulphur.
A Comparative Investigation of the Rheological Properties of Melts of Unimodal and Bimodal Polyethylene under Shear and Elongation
Authors: Kuleznev V.N. , Sevruk V.D. , Sineva T.A. , Surikov P.V. , Ushakova O.B.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of tube grades of high-density polyethylene with a unimodal and a bimodal molecular weight distribution during shear and longitudinal deformation under constant force conditions. It was shown that these polymers have similar melt flow indices and flow curves but differ considerably in other characteristics during shear deformation and in their behaviour during longitudinal deformation.
The Effect of Temperature on the Sorption of Polymer from Latex on Leather Fibres
Authors: Blieva M.V.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the effect of temperature on the sorption properties of leather fibres during their sizing with dispersions of polymer binders in the production of porous fibre composites of the shoe board type.
The Influence of the Production Equipment and Production Technology of Highly Filled Composites based on Polyolefins on their Physicomechanical Properties
Authors: Mozzhukhin V.B. , Milov V.I. , Bespalova O.V. , Boldyreva S.D.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of the production equipment on the homogeneity and physicomechanical properties of composites based on polyolefins filled with aluminium trihydrate. The quality of mixing and the degree of dispersion of the components were assessed from the magnitude of the coefficient of variation of the average values of the physical characteristics of the materials obtained.
Investigating the Effect of Natural Ageing on the Specific Heat of Metal-Filled Polyvinyl Butyral
Authors: Mukha Yu. B. , Kolupaev B.S. , Mukha B.I. , Kostetskii M.R.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the effect of ageing on the specific heat of metal-filled polyvinyl butyral, the structure of which is formed in the temperature and pressure regime of pressing at elevated pressures.
Optimisation of the process of Producing Polyamide 6 and Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites based on it by the Method of Anionic Polymerisation
Authors: Cherdyntseva S.V. , Belousov S.I. , Krasheninnikov S.V. , Chvalun S.N. , Grigor'ev T.E. , Demidenok K.V. , Novikov A.I.
Published: September 2018

Work has been carried out to optimise the production of polyamide 6 and layered nanocomposites by anionic polymerisation, during which a layered aluminosilicate is mixed directly with the monomer, catalyst, and activator, and polymerisation of the monomer (oligomer) results in intercalation of the polymer in the interlayer space of the silicate and its subsequent separation into individual sheets (exfoliation). The proposed method represents a rapid way to produce polymer composite materials with high physicomechanical properties.
Investigation of Impregnation Fibrous Materials in Pultrusion process of Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Grigoriev S.N. , Krasnovskii A.N. , Kvachev K.V.
Published: September 2018

In this article the results of theoretical investigation of fibers impregnation in manufacturing high filled composite by pultrusion are represented. A criterion is maximum intention of technological process. An analytical investigation of intention depending on main physical factors is proposed.
The Development of Designs for Mass-Exchange Apparatuses with Regular Packing and Procedures for Calculating the Aerohydrodynamic Flows in Them
Authors: Panov A.K. , Beloborodova T.G. , Anasova T.A. , Zaikov G.E.
Published: September 2018

Apparatus analysis is done with the aim of determining the process conditions, the main dimensions of the apparatus, and its internal arrangement to ensure the specified efficiency of separation of the initial feedstock at prescribed productivity. The process conditions are determined by the working pressure in the apparatus, by the temperatures of all the internal flows, by the specific heat consumption on partial evaporation of residue and cold consumption on vapour condensation in the upper part of the column, and by the specific consumption of absorbent.
Flame-Resistant Coatings for Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Plastic
Authors: Lobanova M.S. , Kablov V.F. , Keibal N.A. , Bondarenko S.N.
Published: September 2018

This paper focuses on the production of flame-resistant coatings based on perchlorovinyl resin for the protection of glass-fibre-reinforced plastic. It has been established that the phosphorus-, boron-, and chlorine-containing oligomer FBE is an effective flame retardant, the introduction of which into the composite ensures good flame resistance and has no effect on the physicomechanical properties of the coating.
Ways to Increase the Stability of Epoxy Phenolic Composites
Authors: Tuzova S.Yu. , Gorbunova I.Yu. , Antipov E.M.
Published: September 2018

Possible ways to increase the storage stability of epoxy phenolic composites are examined.
The Development of Conditions for the Production of Porous Fibre Composites Using Non-Woven Materials Based on Ultrafine Fibres
Authors: Lavrent'ev A.V. , Bokova E.S. , Kovalenko G.M. , Filatov I.Yu.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the properties of nanofibrous materials produced by electrospinning. The possibility of using them as a constituent element of synthetic leathers was shown.
The Influence of the Composition and Structure of Nitrogen-Containing Phenol Formaldehyde Oligomers on Their Dynamic Viscosity
Authors: Amiraslanova M.N. , Alieva F.Kh. , Seidov N.M. , Rustamov R.A. , Mustafaev A.M. , Isaeva P.E.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the influence of the composition and structure of n-butyl ethers of nitrogen-containing phenol formaldehyde oligomers on their dynamic viscosity. The dependence of shear rate on shear stress was studied for oligomeric compositions that had previously been tested successfully as film-forming materials. The dependence of dynamic viscosity (and flow) on shear stress was investigated for oligomers of different composition. Explanations and conclusions are given.
Features of the Mechanism of Formation of Crosslinked Furfuryl Polymers
Authors: Magrupov F.A. , Alimukhamedov M.G. , Magrupov A.F. , Nizamov T.A. , Radzhabova Z.F. , Adilov R.I. , Zhuraev A.B.
Published: September 2018

The conditions and mechanism of formation of crosslinked polymers from furfuryl oligomers have been studied. A new mechanism of formation of crosslinked furfuryl polymers in a neutral medium is proposed. This mechanism has been confirmed experimentally by investigating reactions of formation of crosslinked polymers based on dimethylol furan oligomer.
The Adhesion Strength of a Fluorine-Containing Rubber and Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Shumilin A.I. , Grinev V.S. , Fedorov E.E. , Taganova V.A. , Telegin S.V. , Pichkhidze S.Ya.
Published: September 2018

Data are given concerning the increase in adhesion strength of fluorine-containing rubber 420-264V/5 based on SKF-264/8 and composite F4S25 based on polytetrafluoroethylene containing 25 wt% glass fibre. It is shown that the adhesion strength is increased by additional treatment of the fluorine-containing rubber with IR radiation, and also by magnetotron and thermal sputtering of aluminium.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Composite Materials Based on Polyvinyl Chloride and Thermal Power Station Waste
Authors: Burdonov A.E. , Barakhtenko V.V. , Zelinskaya E.V. , Yudin V.E. , Elokhovskii V. Yu.
Published: September 2018

Investigations have been conducted in which the temperature dependences of the viscoelastic properties of highly filled polymer–mineral composites based on polyvinyl chloride were measured and the loss modulus, dynamic modulus, and mechanical loss tangent were determined using dynamically changing loads.
Low-Temperature Sealing Force Behaviour of Fkm Elastomers as a Function of the Degree of Chemical Crosslinking and Differently Restricted Geometric Deformation in Static Compression
Authors: Hornig R. , Sunder J.
Published: September 2018

This publication first addresses the influence of an increasing chemical network density on the static sealing force behaviour and internal structural mobility of an FKM material in the cold. Cylindrical FKM test specimens were exposed to a high static surface pressure to make it easier to see thermodynamic and immobilising influences on sealing force behaviour as a function of chemical network density. Additional volume swelling trials and PVT measurements focused particularly on the compressible behaviour of the elastomer material as a function of its chemical network density. Furthermore – based on the static sealing force behaviour and mobility of the material in the cold – the loading situation of free compression with distortional strain energy was compared with the extreme case of a completely confined elastomer seal. The completely confined elastomer material was exposed to pure compression work, as in the PVT measurements.
The Competition between Processes of Oxidative Polymerisation of 2-Methoxyaniline and Oxidative Degradation of Poly-(2-Methoxyaniline)
Authors: Mezhuev Ya.O. , Korshak Yu.V. , Shtil'man M.I. , Brudz' S.P. , Pokhil S.E. , Firer A.A. , Strakhov I.S.
Published: September 2018

The kinetics of oxidative polymerisation of 2-methoxyaniline was investigated, and the activation energies of stages of single-electron transfer and complex formation were determined. The parallel occurrence of oxidative degradation of poly-(2-methoxyaniline) under conditions of oxidative polymerisation of 2-methoxyaniline was established.
The Structure and Properties of Composites Based on Polypropylene and Modified Na+-Montmorillonite
Authors: Begieva M.B. , Kuchmezova F.Yu. , Mamkhegov R.M. , Ligidov M.Kh. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Mikitaev A.K.
Published: September 2018

Composites based on polypropylene and modified montmorillonite were produced by mixing in a melt on a twin-screw extruder (Jiangsu Xinda Science & Technology, China). The structure of the obtained composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that, by comparison with unfilled polypropylene, the elastic modulus, impact strength, and flow index of the composites are higher, while the time of combustion and the flame propagation rate are lower.
Investigation of the Temperature Dependences of the Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Mainikova N.F. , Nikulin S.S. , Osipchik V.S. , Kravchenko T.P. , Kladovshchikova O.I. , Le Hoang Nguen , Kostromina N.V.
Published: September 2018

Investigations were made of the temperature dependences of thermal conductivity for specimens of polymer composite material in which epoxy novolac resin was used as the matrix and in which carbon nanotubes were used as the fillers. Investigations of the temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of polymer composite materials containing carbon fibres were conducted on a special measuring system. A negligible increase in the thermal conductivity of the composites was shown.
The Introduction of Technology for Producing Thin, Multilayer, Polyethylene Heat Shrink Films with Improved Processing and Service Characteristics
Authors: Kuz'mina A.V. , Slonov A.L. , Danilova-Volkovskaya G.M.
Published: September 2018

An analysis is made of the characteristics of films based on recycled polyethylene and a developed composite material for the production of three-layer shrink wrap film of 50 μm thickness with improved processing and service properties. The results of research into modifying the composite and optimising the technology for producing multilayer shrink films are presented.
Modern Trends in the Application of High-Molecular-Weight Compounds in the Development of Packaging Materials for Foodstuffs. A Review
Authors: Ukhartseva I.Yu.
Published: September 2018

A brief review is given of modern trends in the use of high-molecular-weight compounds for the development of packaging materials for foodstuffs. Types of packaging material and their properties and areas of application are examined.
The Absorption of Ultrasonic Waves in Modified Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Kolupaev B.B. , Klepko V.V. , Lebedev E.V. , Levchuk V.V. , Maksimtsev Yu. R. , Kolupaev B.S.
Published: September 2018

With recourse to phonon–phonon interaction, and also macromolecular kinetics, under the action of an ultrasonic field of 0.4 MHz frequency, an analysis has been made of the energy dissipation in modified polyvinyl chloride. The area of possible use of PVC composites is indicated.
Modification of the Surface Layers of Thin Multilayer Heat Shrink Polyethylene Films with Whiting-Filled Additive Vatpol 210 Pe
Authors: Kuz'mina A.V. , Slonov A.L. , Danilova-Volkovskaya G.M.
Published: September 2018

The article gives the results of investigating a surface-modifying composite for 50 μm thick multilayer heat shrink films. The main principles of optimisation of high-speed packaging lines working with thin multilayer heat shrink films are set out. The obtained characteristics of 50 μm thick multilayer heat shrink films with improved service properties are analysed.
The Filling of Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride with Flameproof Wood Flour to Produce Low-Flammability Polymer Composites
Authors: Bychkova E.V. , Panova L.G.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of flameproof wood flour on the processing, physicomechanical, and service properties of plasticised polyvinyl chloride composites. The effectiveness of its use for the production of fire-resistant polymeric materials was shown.
The Analogy between the Curve of Pressure Increase under Hydraulic Loading of Polyethylene Tubes and the Elongation Curve
Authors: Kolbaya V.G. , Sen'kovskii A.N. , Trishina E.A. , Kovriga V.V.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the analogy between the curve of pressure change with time in hydraulic tests of polyethylene tubes to failure and the load–deformation curve, obtained in simple elongation tests. The possibility of determining the main parameters of deformation under simple elongation from the data of hydraulic tests is shown.
The Thermophysical Properties of Syntactic Plastic Foams Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Binder
Authors: Chukhlanov V.Yu. , Selivanov O.G.
Published: September 2018

The thermophysical properties of silicate plastic foams based on organosilicon binder polydimethylsiloxane were investigated. Hollow glass microspheres were used as the filler. The temperature dependences of thermal conductivity, specific heat, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the syntactic plastic foams were established.
The Development of Sulphur-Functional Silanes as Coupling Agents in Silica-Reinforced Rubber Compounds. Their Historical Development over Several Decades
Authors: Luginsland H.-D. , Röben C.
Published: September 2018

Where silica is used as an active filler in rubber vulcanisates, a bifunctional silane has to be added to achieve the full reinforcement potential in almost all cases. Sulphur vulcanisation is the crosslinking method of choice in many fields of application, particularly because of the outstanding dynamic properties of the resulting parts. Since sulphur-functional silanes are able to participate directly in sulphur vulcanisation, this substance class has become the preferred coupling agent for the sulphur-based vulcanisation of silica-filled rubber compounds. This paper outlines in four stages the history of sulphur-silane development over the last few decades.
New Prepregs Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resins Modified with Polysiloxane Oligomers
Authors: Bessonov I.V. , Kopitsyna M.N.
Published: September 2018

A formulation has been developed for a glass-fibre-filled moulding compound based on a composite of unsaturated polyester resin and α,ω-bis(vinyldimethyl) polydimethylsiloxane, articles of which possess increased surface water repellency. In the course of tracking and erosion resistance tests after surface hydrophilisation, it was shown that the developed materials possess properties of self-recovery of water repellency.
Investigation of the Structure and Thermal Properties of Composites Based on Polyethylene Terephthalate and Organoclay
Authors: Slonov A.L. , Musov I.V. , Zhansitov A.A. , Khakulova D.M. , Borukaev T.A. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Mikitaev A.K.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the structure and thermophysical properties of composites based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and montmorillonite clay modified with organomodifiers of different nature. A study was made of the effect of organoclays on the morphology and crystallisation processes of PET. It was established that the introduction of small quantities of organoclay leads to an increase in the crystallisation rate, and also in the heat resistance of PET.
Controlling the Properties of Polymeric Materials by Changing the Heat Treatment Regimes
Authors: Aristov V.M. , Aristova E.P.
Published: September 2018

The possibility of controlling the properties of polymeric materials by their heat treatment was examined. It was shown how the properties of amorphous and partially crystalline polymers, and also composite materials based on them, are changed by quenching and annealing.
Liquid Rubber as a Co-Agent in Peroxide-Cured EPDM Influence of Molecular Weight and Vinyl Content
Authors: Gründken M. , Kuwahara S. , Böhm R.
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses improving processing, enhancing mechanical properties and lowering volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in thermoset EPDM rubber compounds by substituting standard coagents with liquid rubbers such as liquid polybutadiene and liquid isoprene.
The Influence of the Chain Microstructure of Binary Copolymers of Styrene and Acrylic Acid on the Structure of their Water/Air-Boundary Monolayers
Authors: Bogdanova Yu.G. , Kharlov A.E. , Chernikova E.V. , Plutalova A.V. , Dolzhikova V.D.
Published: September 2018

Langmuir's method was used to investigate the structures of water/air-boundary monolayers of statistical and gradient copolymers of styrene and acrylic acid. The differences found in the laws governing the formation of monolayers of copolymers of different microstructure enable us to anticipate the technique of transferring these monolayers onto a solid support from an energetically homogeneous moving boundary, combined with variation in the microstructure of the copolymers, to be very promising for the fine control of their adhesion characteristics.
Investigation of the Structure of Complexes of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyaniline
Authors: Mezhuev Ya.O. , Korshak Yu.V. , Shtil'man M.I. , Strakhov I.S. , Koldaeva T.Yu. , Solov'eva I.V.
Published: September 2018

IR spectroscopy was used in an investigation of the structure of particles obtained by the centrifuging of an aqueous polyaniline dispersion stabilised by polyvinyl alcohol. It was shown that stabiliser chains are fixed by hydrogen bonds.
Reduction in the Flammability of Polyurethanes
Authors: Petrova G.N. , Beider E.Ya. , Rumyantseva T.V.
Published: September 2018

This paper gives the results of investigations on reducing the flammability of polyurethanes produced by Russian industry, based on polyether and polyester. An investigation was made of the effect of fireproofing agents on the physicomechanical characteristics of polyurethanes in the initial state (at 20°C) and after exposure to elevated temperatures (60, 80, and 100°C). The flammability of the developed composites was studied. A composite with the optimum combination of properties was determined.
The Modification of Blend Composites Based on Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Krasnov K.V. , Chalaya N.M. , Osipchik V.S.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of a compatibiliser on the strength properties of articles manufactured from a blend composite based on a thermoplastic elastomer – a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene block copolymer (SEBS) – during service, and also on the thermal stability of the blend composite. Furthermore, the effect of the parameters of the process of melt blending of the components on the properties of the modified composites was assessed.
The Physicomechanical Characteristics of Polyisoprene Produced Using a Catalyst Based on Gadolinium Chloride Solvate
Authors: Levkovskaya E.I. , Vasil'ev V.A. , Bubnova S.V. , Tsypkina I.M.
Published: September 2018

It is shown that polyisoprene synthesised in the presence of a catalyst based on an alcohol solvate of gadolinium chloride is similar in molecular characteristics to ‘neodymium’ polyisoprene produced using a similar catalyst. A considerable advantage of the ‘gadolinium’ polymer is the high homogeneity of its microstructure. Specimens of ‘gadolinium’ polyisoprene were synthesised in the Mooney viscosity range 60-90, characterised by the complete absence of gel fraction, in which the content of cis-1,4-units amounts to 98.7-99.1%. The physicomechanical properties of the ‘gadolinium’ polyisoprene were investigated. These properties were compared with the properties of a ‘neodymium’ isoprene rubber (industrial SKI-5PM rubber). It was established that the more regular microstructure of the ‘gadolinium’ polyisoprene by comparison with the ‘neodymium’ polyisoprene is manifested by higher strength and dynamic indices of the rubbers. The resistance to repeated elongation for industrial specimen SKI-5PM with a Mooney viscosity of 78.8 approaches 81 000 cycles, whereas for the ‘gadolinium’ specimen with a similar Mooney viscosity this index reaches 94 000 cycles, and for the ‘gadolinium’ polymer with a Mooney viscosity of 85 and 90 the resistance to repeated elongation exceeds 100 000 cycles. Advantages of the ‘gadolinium’ polyisoprene in terms of tear strength, nominal tensile stress, etc., are also noted.
A Study of the Possibility of Using Shungite in Latex Rubber Formulations for the Manufacture of Gloves with High Resistance to Aggressive Media
Authors: Kravchenko E.S. , Potapov E.E. , Bobrov A.P. , Smal V.A. , Erokhin A.I. , Plotnikova M.F.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the possibility of producing composites based on natural ‘Kvaliteks’ latex that are filled (20–30 parts) with shungite (‘Karelit’). The possibility of producing such composites had been shown earlier for the natural latex ‘Revultex’ containing a vulcanising group. Therefore, all the composites investigated in the present work contained a vulcanising group (sulphur, ethyl zimate, zinc oxide), and vulcanisation was carried out at a temperature of 125°C. Into the latex was introduced an aqueous dispersion of ‘Karelit’ with dispersing agent NF. The filler content was the same as in the formulation for gloves resistant to aggressive media. The mechanical properties of films of these composites were on a par with or even slightly superior to those for the standard composites, while the acid and alkali resistances were far higher. Acid- and alkali-resistant gloves manufactured from ‘Kvaliteks’ latex filled with ‘Karelit’ shungite satisfy the specifications fully and are considerably superior to standard gloves in terms of resistance to aggressive media in long-term tests.
The Suspension Copolymerisation of Isobutylene with Isoprene in a Tubular Turbulent Reactor: The Kinetics of the Chemical Process and the Mass and Heat Transfer
Authors: Tereshchenko K.A. , Ulitin N.V.
Published: September 2018

The macrokinetics of the synthesis of butyl rubber (cationic copolymerisation of isobutylene with isoprene over an AlC3 catalyst in a CH3Cl medium, initial synthesis temperature 173 K) in a circular-type tubular turbulent reactor was calculated. It was established that, with decrease in the size of the reaction region (cylinder diameter reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 m) and in the flow rate of the reaction suspension (reduced from 10 to 1 m/s), there is a reduction in the number-average molecular weight (from 91 700 to 1360) and in the weight-average molecular weight (from 257 000 to 134 000) of the synthesised butyl rubber and an increase in its polydispersity (from 2.8 to 110).
The Dependence of Glass Transition Temperature and Flow Temperature on Solvent or Plasticiser Concentration
Authors: Matseevich T.A. , Goleneva L.M. , Afanas'ev E.S. , Kurskaya E.A. , Kovriga O.V. , Askadskii A.A.
Published: September 2018

A scheme has been developed for calculating the glass transition temperature and flow temperature of plasticised polymers. The scheme takes into account the chemical structure of the polymer and plasticiser, the molecular weight of the polymer, the intermolecular interaction between the polymer and plasticiser, the van der Waals volume of the repeating unit of the polymer and the plasticiser molecule, and the plasticiser concentration. The thinning effect is also taken into account, as manifested by a reduction in the viscosity of the polymer–plasticiser system with increasing plasticiser concentration.
Investigating the Rheological Properties and Heat Stability of Polyarylsulphone Sulphides of Domestic Grades
Authors: Baranov A.B. , Simonov-Emel'yanov I.D. , Andreeva T.I. , Prudskova T.N. , Sazikov V.I.
Published: September 2018

The rheological characteristics of melts of polyarylsulphone sulphides of domestic grades were investigated in the temperature range 240–360°C. Full curves of heat stability were obtained, and formulae were proposed for their description.

Polyarylsulphone sulphides (PSPSs) are heat-resistant polymers of structural designation of the polysulphone (PSP) class, the domestic production technology of which was developed at OAO “Institut plastmass”, which makes it possible to carry out the production of a wide grade range of PSP of different polymer chain structure and molecular weight.

The main problem in the processing of PSPSs is their high melt viscosity and fairly low flow. Increase in the processing temperature lowers their melt viscosity, but there is then the danger of thermooxidative degradation of the polymer and consequently of deterioration in the service characteristics and appearance of articles.

The aim of this work was to investigate the rheological characteristics and to obtain the full curve of heat stability for domestic grades of PSPSs and PSP of different molecular weight in a wide processing temperature range.
Investigating the Possibility of using PO-300 Low-molecular-weight Polyamide as a ‘Cold’ Curing Agent for Epoxy Oligomers
Authors: Mostovoi A.S. , Panova L.G.
Published: September 2018

As a result of research conducted, compositions have been developed using PO-300 low-molecular-weight polyamide as the curing agent for epoxy oligomers, ensuring a reduction in the toxicity of the curing process and an increase in the physicomechanical properties.
Modification of the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled Polyolefin Composites
Authors: Dudochkina E.A. , Lyamkin D.I. , Zhemerikin A.N. , Cherkashin P.A.
Published: September 2018

The effect of additions of ethylene copolymers on the mechanical properties of filled polyolefin composites based on polyethylene 10803-020 and whiting was investigated. It was established that the best deformation properties are ensured by introducing copolymers of ethylene with propylene with an ethylene content of 50–70%. It was shown that the increase in elongation at break when the copolymers are introduced is connected with amorphisation of the polymer base.
Nanostructured Composites and Polymer Materials Science
Authors: Kakhramanov N.T. , Azizov A.G. , Osipchik V.S. , Mamedli U.M. , Arzumanova N.B.
Published: September 2018

The current situation regarding the production, investigation, and processing of polymer-matrix-based nanocomposite materials is reviewed.