bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Event Attendees' Spending Behaviors, Satisfaction, and Information Search Patterns By Event Types at a Midwestern College Town
Authors: Wang Wei , Cole Shu T.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to compare differences on information search patterns, spending behaviors, and satisfaction levels among visitors attending three event types. The existing literature has by and large addressed visitor behaviors based on visitor characteristics. This study,
however, takes an approach from the supply side and distinguishes visitor behaviors against three event types at the same destination. The study was conducted in a Midwestern college town where 536 usable surveys were collected through onsite interceptions. One-way ANOVA tests were employed
to test the behavioral differences at three experience stages (preevents, during, and postevents). The ANOVA tests indicate that festival attendees relied heavily on past experiences and had the highest satisfaction level among all event attendees. Conference attendees tended to stay the longest
and sporting event goers spent the most during the event. Implications and future directions of research are provided on this topic.
Explaining Festival Impacts on a Hosting Community Through Motivations to Attend
Authors: Woosnam Kyle M. , Jiang Jingxian , Van Winkle Christine M. , Kim Hyun , Maruyama Naho
Published: April 2016

Extant literature on social–cultural impacts of festivals traditionally takes into consideration perspectives of the host community while neglecting those of visitors, who often times comprise a high percent of total number of attendees at such expositions. Additionally, motivations
of these visitors to attend festivals have rarely been considered in explaining perceived impacts among festival attendees. This study examined the underlying structures of motivations to attend the annual Morden Corn and Apple Festival, Manitoba, Canada among area residents and visitors
as well as their perceived sociocultural impacts of the festival on community through a newly developed festival-attending motivation scale and modified Festival Social Impact Attitude Scale (FSIAS). Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression results suggested that at least one motivation
factor (i.e., social interaction and/or knowledge gain) significantly predicted three of the four modified FSIAS factors.
Topic Trend of Event Management Research
Authors: Park Kwangsoo , Park Seunghyun “Brian”
Published: April 2016

In spite of increasing numbers of publications and newly established journals in event management, research topics and themes have not drawn much attention among event scholars. This research note reports on research trends in event management journals and makes suggestions for future
research. A total of 463 research articles published in the four event management journals and 78 event management articles in the leading hospitality and tourism journals were collected. The results showed that topics for event studies have changed over time. Recent studies heavily focus
on visitor experiences, investigating motivation, satisfaction, and behavioral intention, while past studies paid more attention to the economic impact of events or volunteer motivation.
Explore or Establish? Event Graduates' Early Career Paths
Authors: Si Lei (Clara) Weng , (Connie) Kim Ieng Loi
Published: April 2016

This article investigates the career development trajectories of graduates from Event Management fields by linking to concepts of self-discovery theory and person–job fit (P–J fit). The research study uses key informant interviews for data collection to obtain insights, and conducts content analysis by using NVivo software. Results highlight three career development trajectories of graduates' early years and the paramount role of a conducive working environment as a major determinant, which imposes strong influence on graduates' early career development. Results also delineate the different roles of the two types of person–job fit. Challenges faced at the early career development stage are identified. Implications for educators, career counselors, and employers are addressed.
Evaluating the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture: National and International Tourists' Behaviors and Perceptions
Authors: Vareiro Laurentina , Santos J. Freitas , Remoaldo Paula Cristina , Ribeiro J. Cadima
Published: April 2016

In 2012, Guimarães hosted the European Capital of Culture (ECOC). An evaluation of this event was needed because public, private, and community funds were involved. This analysis considers tourists as external and independent stakeholders who assessed the cultural activities
developed during the event as well as the attributes of the city. The main objectives of the research conducted were to assess the visitors' motivations during the hosting of the Guimarães ECOC 2012, their perceptions towards the city, and if national and international visitors kept
different perceptions of it. For 2 months, in the summer of 2012, a survey was applied to 390 visitors. The results revealed that hosting the 2012 ECOC was a major contribution towards attracting new visitors to the city (though many of the visitors stayed only for a short period of time).
Based on tourists' perceptions, the tangible heritage was clearly detached from the set of attributes associated to Guimarães, whereas the intangible heritage was less noted. The Portuguese tourists seem to be more prone to value the tangible heritage than the foreign tourists. Overall,
Guimarães received a very positive evaluation relating to the city's image and, as stated by tourists, visiting it was declared to be highly recommended. Following the obtained empirical results, the need for changing the city's promoted image emerges, which has been too centered on
its tangible heritage. In doing so, it is believed that there will be longer overnight stays by visitors.
Elite Active Sport Tourists: Economic Impacts And Perceptions of Destination Image
Authors: Cheung Siu Yin , Mak Jennifer Y. , Dixon Anthony W.
Published: April 2016

Active sport tourism has been defined as travel away from the home environment to actively participate in sport. However there is a dearth of research focusing on active sport tourists. Furthermore, researchers also identified a significant gap existed in the sport tourism literature
regarding elite athletes. Although research focusing on hallmark sport events has been abundant, several researchers have identified a lack of research on small-scale sport events. Thus, the purpose of this research was to provide an analysis of elite active sport tourists' expenditures and
the resultant direct economic impact of these expenditures, as well as their perceptions of the host destination in a small-scale international sport event: East Asian Games. A total of 140 elite athletes from eight different countries and regions in East Asia participated in this study.
Accrual of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer to Clinical Trials
Authors: Hay A.E. , Rae C. , Fraser G.A. , Meyer R.M. , Abbott L.S. , Bevan S. , McBride M.L. , Cuvelier G.D.E. , McKillop S. , Barr R.D.
Published: April 2016

Cancer is the most common disease-related cause of death in 15- to 29-year-olds in Canada [...]
Research Output and the Public Health Burden of Cancer: Is There Any Relationship?
Authors: Patafio F.M. , Brooks S.C. , Wei X. , Peng Y. , Biagi J. , Booth C.M.
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The relative distribution of research output across cancer sites is not well described. Here, we evaluate whether the volume of published research is proportional to the public health burden of individual cancers. We also explore whether research output is proportional to research funding. Methods: Statistics from the Canadian and American cancer societies were used to identify the top ten causes of cancer death in 2013. All journal articles and clinical trials published in 2013 by Canadian or U.S. authors for those cancers were identified. Total research funding in Canada by cancer site was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Research Alliance. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the relationship between research output, cancer mortality, and research funding. Results: We identified 19,361 publications and 2661 clinical trials. The proportion of publications and clinical trials was substantially lower than the proportion of deaths for lung (41% deaths, 15% publications, 16% clinical trials), colorectal (14%, 7%, 6%), pancreatic (10%, 7%, 5%), and gastroesophageal (7%, 5%, 3%) cancers. Conversely, research output was substantially greater than the proportion of deaths for breast cancer (10% deaths, 29% publications, 30% clinical trials) and prostate cancer (8%, 15%, 17%). We observed a stronger correlation between research output and funding (publications r = 0.894, p < 0.001; clinical trials r = 0.923, p < 0.001) than between research output and cancer mortality (r = 0.363, p = 0.303; r = 0.340, p = 0.337). Conclusions: Research output is not well correlated with the public health burden of individual cancers, but is correlated with the relative level of research funding.
Guideposts for Quests in the Realm of Oncology Careers
Authors: Snow S. , Younis T.
Published: April 2016

Oncology is a small world in Canada, but the practice each individual undertakes is unique. [...]
Reliability and Accuracy of Cross-sectional Radiographic Assessment of Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Role of Training and Experience
Authors: Klara Kristina , Collins Jamie E. , Gurary Ellen , Elman Scott A. , Stenquist Derek S. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: April 2016

Objective.

To dêtermine the reliability of radiographic assessment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by nonclinician readers compared to an experienced radiologist.

Methods.

The radiologist trained 3 nonclinicians to evaluate radiographic characteristics of knee OA. The radiologist and nonclinicians read preoperative films of 36 patients prior to total knee replacement. Intrareader and interreader reliability were measured using the weighted κ statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Scores κ < 0.20 indicated slight agreement, 0.21–0.40 fair, 0.41–0.60 moderate, 0.61–0.80 substantial, and 0.81–1.0 almost perfect agreement.

Results.

Intrareader reliability among nonclinicians (κ) ranged from 0.40 to 1.0 for individual radiographic features and 0.72 to 1.0 for Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade. ICC ranged from 0.89 to 0.98 for the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) summary score. Interreader agreement among nonclinicians ranged from κ of 0.45 to 0.94 for individual features, and 0.66 to 0.97 for KL grade. ICC ranged from 0.87 to 0.96 for the OARSI Summary Score. Interreader reliability between nonclinicians and the radiologist ranged from κ of 0.56 to 0.85 for KL grade. ICC ranged from 0.79 to 0.88 for the OARSI Summary Score.

Conclusion.

Intrareader and interreader agreement was variable for individual radiograph features but substantial for summary KL grade and OARSI Summary Score. Investigators face tradeoffs between cost and reader experience. These data suggest that in settings where costs are constrained, trained nonclinicians may be suitable readers of radiographic knee OA, particularly if a summary score (KL grade or OARSI Score) is used to determine radiographic severity.
Cocaïne et méthylphénidate : quelques données épidémiologiques
Authors: Roux Perrine
Published: April 2016

Le trouble de déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) est une affection psychiatrique aujourd’hui de plus en plus diagnostiquée aussi bien chez l’enfant que chez l’adulte. La prévalence importante de ce trouble chez les usagers de drogues mais aussi les réponses pharmacologiques qui en découlent avec des traitements psychostimulants tels que le méthylphénidate posent le problème du lien entre TDAH et usage de drogues et notamment de stimulants. C’est la raison pour laquelle cet article s’intéresse au lien qu’il existe entre TDAH et cocaïne, grâce à des données épidémiologiques, et plus particulièrement à la possibilité d’une prise en charge de la dépendance à la cocaïne par des traitements psychostimulants. Cette approche rejoint l’hypothèse de l’automédication des usagers de stimulants vis-à-vis du TDAH et nourrit l’argumentaire des études cliniques qui tentent de démontrer l’efficacité des psychostimulants comme traitement de la dépendance aux stimulants.
Trouble Déficit de l’Attention/Hyperactivité et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication
Authors: Bioulac Stéphanie
Published: April 2016

Cet article reprend des études explorant les liens entre nouvelles technologies et TDA/H : en examinant d’une part les conséquences négatives de l’excès d’utilisation des jeux vidéo avec la possible existence d’une addiction aux jeux vidéo en population TDA/H ; d’autre part en considérant « l’utilisation positive » des nouvelles technologies comme outil permettant une évaluation des performances mobilisant les capacités attentionnelles dans des situations proches de la vie quotidienne (jeux vidéo et situation de classe virtuelle).
Une recherche clinique et projective sur les psychothérapies en alcoologie
Authors: Marchin Élodie , Blanc Valérie , Gaudriault Pierre , Rosenberg Ruben
Published: April 2016

L’intérêt pour le changement psychique et la particularité du travail en addictologie ont fait naître l’envie chez les auteurs de mener un travail de recherche. 13 patients souffrant d’un trouble de l’usage de l’alcool suivis en psychothérapie ont été examinés au début du traitement (t1) et à stade avancé (t2) un an plus tard. L’examen comprenait un entretien semi-directif et un Rorschach. 11 patients sur 13 ont progressé cliniquement. L’hypothèse était que l’amélioration clinique s’accompagnerait d’un remaniement psychique visible dans le Rorschach. Ce remaniement est étudié au niveau des indices d’angoisse et de représentation psychique. L’impact éventuel de la désirabilité sociale est également examiné. Une étude nomothétique des résultats montre surtout une diminution de l’angoisse. Mais dans une étude idiographique illustrée par trois cas, on observe une modification des représentations. Cette évolution se fait dans un sens plus expressif ou dans un sens plus adaptatif. Au-delà de cette étude, l’expérience de chercheur clinicien a été profitable à la pratique des auteurs et ils poursuivront leurs recherches sur l’exploration des représentations de la dépendance à l’alcool des patients suivis en CSAPA.
Le rêve de tout pédopsychiatre : retrouver son mouton
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: April 2016

Comment lire dans la perte, précoce, de quelques animaux pas domestiques pour un sou, le projet d’une vie et la vocation d’un pédopsy ?
Causons de nos représentations culturelles à l’égard des animaux...
Authors: Bélair Sandie
Published: April 2016

À partir d’une « causerie » entre femmes d’origine culturelle différente et psychologues, nous évoquons la nécessité de penser les représentations culturelles liées aux animaux dans le cadre de la requalification des relations homme-animal, notamment lorsque l’animal est un acteur à part entière de projets à vocation préventive, sociale ou thérapeutique.
El ataque con la lanza como motivo transgenérico: de la épica francesa a los libros de caballerías
Authors: Justel Pablo
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo analiza el esquema y la actualización formular de cada una de las fases de la carga de choque, técnica ofensiva con la lanza que nació a finales del siglo xi. El corpus considerado está formado por veinticinco poemas épicos franceses, la totalidad de la épica castellana, los textos castellanos de tonalidad épica (el Poema de Fernán González y el Libro de Alexandre) y más de una veintena de obras en prosa de los siglos xiv-xvi. En virtud de la extensión y la recurrencia de las fórmulas y expresiones formulares, se ha procedido a una división y posterior análisis de tres tipos de unidades: las que se reiteran en varias obras, las presentes en más de una pero en ninguna repetida y aquellas exclusivas de un texto. Atendiendo a este criterio, se estudian las prácticas compositivas genéricas (algunas de ellas transgenéricas) y las particularidades que en ocasiones los autores muestran en la actualización formular de este motivo.
Reflexiones sobre la edición crítica del Libro de Alexandre
Authors: García López Jorge
Published: April 2016

Postular un texto crítico para el Libro de Alexandre constituye una tarea casi imposible debido al estado de deterioro material de los testimonios conservados. Este artículo realiza un repaso por las problemáticas ecdóticas que envuelven los dos principales manuscritos, realiza una valoración del resto de la tradición a la luz de las citas y el largo uso del Alexandre durante cerca de tres siglos, propone y comenta un stemma posible de la obra y finalmente propone nuevas lecturas para numerosos lugares críticos apoyándose en una visión renovada de la valoración ecdótica de los testimonios.
Il maestro del mosaico: voci «antiche e moderne» fra le coplas del Libro de Alexandre
Authors: Materni Marta
Published: April 2016

Il contributo si propone di fornire un quadro aggiornato della «questione fonti» relativa al Libro de Alexandre. In particolare si vuole attirare l’attenzione su tre punti specifici, che potrebbero risultare di notevole interesse per la contestualizzazione culturale di questo caposaldo della letteratura romanza: 1) l’inserzione, nell’elenco delle fonti finora note, di almeno un testo di origine provenzale; 2) la necessità di approfondire il quadro della trasmissione medievale dei testi relativi alla storia di Troia (fornendo, tramite un aggiornamento bibliografico della situazione testuale dell’Excidium Troiae, un possibile modello di studio da replicare); 3) le implicazioni culturali dell’individuazione della fonte nel caso di due sequenze testuali: il lapidario babilonese e il calendario della tenda alessandrina.
Tipos y motivos épicos: los poemas homéricos y el Cantar de mio Cid en paralelo
Authors: Montaner Frutos Alberto
Published: April 2016

Se exploran aquí los paralelismos entre el Cantar de mio Cid y los poemas homéricos en dos casos concretos. Primero se analiza el tipo del miles gloriosus aristocrático, representado por Paris en la Ilíada y por los infantes de Carrión y el conde de Barcelona en el Cantar de mio Cid. Después se aborda el motivo del ayuno por despecho, que realizan Ulises en la Odisea y el mismo conde barcelonés en el poema cidiano. Se concluye subrayando la importancia de abordar estos casos en términos de isomorfismo literario y no de fuentes directas.
Metaphors for Nation and War in Chinua Achebe's Memoir
Authors: Inya Onwu
Published: April 2016

Chinua Achebe's memoir, There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra, caused quite a stir in the Nigerian polity when it was published in 2012. This chapter, therefore, examined the metaphors used by the author to construe the concepts of nation and the (Nigerian civil) war in the memoir. Theoretical insights were drawn from Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Primary metaphor theory and Conceptual blending theory to analyze the metaphors identified. Two central metaphors were used by the author to construe the concept of nation, namely, the DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY and the SCAPEGOAT metaphors. Metaphors for war included WAR AS NIGHTMARE, AS A TRIANGLE GAME, and AS A SERIES OF VIOLENT CRIMES respectively. The metaphor system highlighted in this chapter indicates that bad governance, corruption and ethnic politics were critical to the failure of Nigeria's first democratic experience (1960-1966) and the resultant civil war of 1967-1970.
On The Threshold of Democratic Fragility
Authors: Tunde Asiru Hameed , Orwenjo Daniel Ochieng
Published: April 2016

The recent events in the Nigerian political space are clear indications of a match towards the ‘unwanted'. These political events, such as the 2011 presidential elections resulted into the most violent post-elections killings in the history of Nigeria. In the light of this, media representation of that election may not be a value-free exercise but one imbued with value judgments or opinions which conveyed certain ideological leanings. It is against this background that the author examines the macrospeech acts which characterize the discourse of the 2011 post-presidential election news reports with a view to identifying and interpreting the prominent acts and their ideological imports. The study is situated within the broad frame of pragmatics and operationalises Searle Speech Act model in order to uncover the macrospeech acts in the news reports and how the acts covertly convey instances of prejudice and control.
Prioritizing Sectors for Sustainable Growth in India
Authors: Pal Barun Deb , Pohit Sanjib
Published: April 2016

This chapter has adopted method of Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) and its multiplier analysis to identify sustainable growth path for India. Given the surge of GHG emissions, all developed countries and large emerging economies like India are coming under pressure in global forum to adopt a growth path that is sustainable from the environmental point of view. In this chapter, we propose to analyse the inter-linkage between sectoral GDP growth and its implications on growth in employment, income, GHG emissions and in energy use. The results indicate that the cereal productions other than rice and wheat should be given higher priority to reduce GHG emissions. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the existing pattern of government expenditure is sub-optimal as its reallocation based on their sustainable growth index increases GDP by 1%, reduces GHG emission by 1.57% and increase employment by 2.57%.
Design for Autonomy
Authors: Clouse Carey
Published: April 2016

This chapter describes one series of climate-adaptive design innovations found in Ladakh, north India. Five different water management techniques chart the region's unique and highly specialized response to water scarcity, and in so doing highlight important lessons for climate-adaptive planning elsewhere. In this case study, the dispersed, community-based water management strategies practiced in Ladakh suggest a level of design thinking that supports environmental stewardship, economic autonomy, cultural consciousness and social cohesion.
Investigating the Roles of Mobile Commerce and Mobile Payment in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: April 2016

This chapter aims to investigate the roles of mobile commerce (m-commerce) and mobile payment (m-payment) in global business, thus revealing the overview of m-commerce; m-commerce and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); m-commerce and trust; the concept of m-payment; the importance of m-commerce in global business; and the importance of m-payment in global business. The operation of m-commerce and m-payment is needed for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve continuous success in global business. Therefore, it is required for modern organizations to investigate their m-commerce and m-payment, develop a strategic plan to regularly check their practical advancements, and immediately respond to m-commerce and m-payment needs of customers in modern organizations. The chapter argues that applying m-commerce and m-payment has the potential to enhance business performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Mobile Services Behavioral Intention
Authors: Saprikis Vaggelis , Vlachopoulou Maro , Zarmpou Theodora
Published: April 2016

This chapter presents a review of literature concerning behavioral intention theory and research models, focusing on the factors driving consumer adoption intention of mobile services. Based on this theoretical background a conceptual framework that combines perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, innovativeness, trust, demographic characteristics and relationship drivers in order to examine their influence on the mobile services' adoption intention has been proposed. Furthermore, the proposed framework is empirically tested using data collected from a survey in Greece. The collected data are analyzed through factor analysis, stepwise regression analysis and ANOVAs. According to the results of the study, individuals' innovativeness, their educational level, and the relationship ties between the users and the mobile services are key factors to encourage m-services' adoption. The outcomes provide interesting insights and useful hints to practitioners and researchers.
Regulatory Framework of Mobile Commerce
Authors: Arora Jyoti Batra
Published: April 2016

Mobile commerce has given a new definition to wireless payment methods. It is new emerging technique which requires security at the top priority. Users are not still confident in using this technology. The proper infrastructure and support from government is required to deal with mobile commerce which can be achieved by developing fundamental regulatory framework. Regulatory framework described the technological and legal regulations to ensure the security in transaction in mobile commerce. It helps to deal with security related problem, financial issues and other legal issues that cause a hurdle in making mobile payment. A clearly defined regulatory framework is also required to enhance the customers' confidence and increase acceptance of mobile payment in their daily life. The cooperation and information sharing between telecommunication regulator, mobile service provider, and mobile operator and banking regulator is required to make a successful and efficient working regulatory framework.
Services of Mobile Commerce
Authors: Sharma Mukta
Published: April 2016

Mobile phones have been coined by Martin Cooper with a thought of staying connected anytime anywhere. With the development of mobile phones in 1973 and its commercialization later; has proliferated not only the big business houses but also small businesses and individuals. Mobile phones have come a long way from talking on a mobile phone, texting a message to efficiently using internet. These days mobile commerce is the booming technology which has enhanced industries visibility and the way of conducting business. The customers are getting benefited by using these Apps they can shop anytime, anywhere; they get good discounts, companies are offering good return policies for better CRM and above all the customers have a provision to compare the cost before ordering and can pay COD. The study will focus on the concept of mobile phone, mobile commerce, characteristics of M-Commerce, Drivers affecting the mobile commerce, various services offered on mobile. The chapter focuses on potential of mobile commerce, how the customer is benefited from these services.
Environmental Conflicts
Authors: Ioja Cristian , Nita Mihai R. , Hossu Constantina Alina
Published: April 2016

Environmental conflicts have become a topical issue in the international research because of their complexity where social, economic, political and cultural factors operate. Their assessment is essential for understanding these factors and thus contributing to the formulation of effective resolution strategies. In this chapter the authors discuss the defining characteristics of the environmental conflicts as well as methods and approaches for their assessment and resolution. European environmental policies are used as examples of environmental conflicts drivers in order to highlight the large number of involved factors that undermine their successful implementation. This chapter ends the discussion with the presentation of the resolution efforts in multi-issue conflicts where a neutral party adds values to the process, advancing it towards an efficient ending.
Opinion Aggregation and Conflict Resolution in E-Government Platforms
Authors: Chesnevar Carlos Ivan , Maguitman Ana Gabriela , González María Paula , Estevez Elsa
Published: April 2016

This chapter presents an account of recent advances in the development of a novel e-participation framework which integrates social networks, intelligent information retrieval and argumentation techniques. We discuss a novel conceptualization for Electronic Empowerment Participation (E2P), a radically new perspective on e-Participation, where collective thinking patterns can be identified under the generic form of “arguments”, being contrasted automatically and enhancing thus the abilities of the different stakeholders to engage in creative participatory processes. The underlying machinery that makes E2P possible is given by agreement technologies, a new metaphor that integrates several aspects from database theory, artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems and social infrastructures. A core component in this conceptualization is an underlying argument-based approach, which allows to mine opinions from text-based information items based on incrementally generated topics.
Conflict Resolution in Robotics
Authors: Martinez-Martin Ester , del Pobil Angel P.
Published: April 2016

A long-term goal in Robotics is developing autonomous systems able to assist and support human beings, especially in hazardous and/or repetitive tasks. So, these robotic systems will share their workspace with other robots, people or both of them, possibly having different goals and needs. This fact may result in a conflict that should be solved for properly achieving the intended goals. However, there is no a universal way to do it since different scenarios and behaviours lead to different kinds of conflicts. In addition, execution time is a critical issue in the Robotics field and has to be taken into account when a conflict resolution technique is developed. In this chapter we will discuss the state-of-the-art algorithms applied to several robotic tasks from assembly and disassembly in industrial settings to multi-robot cooperation through collision avoidance in unstructured, crowded environments. So, a deep analysis will highlight approach's applications and utilities, as well as their limitations.
Information Quality Issues in the Identification and Tracking of Drugs within the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Mande Dinah M. , Wigand Rolf T.
Published: April 2016

This contribution examines solutions how Information Quality (IQ) dimensions as a framework along with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the Electronic Product Code Information System (EPCIS) as tools may improve needed drug trackability and traceability capabilities in the pharmaceutical industry (PI). For years counterfeit drugs have been impacting the industry and putting patients' health in danger. We analyze applications, methods and practices in the improvement of the quality of drug tracking and tracing. The potential of IQ, RFID, EPCIS and related applications and technologies suggest and design corresponding information and materials flows. This research presents examinations, reviews and recommendations and utilizes two theoretical frameworks: Transaction Cost Theory and Collective Action Theory. This setting may be viewed as a large, complex and international web of corporations, legislation, regulatory efforts, compliance regimes, manufacturers, wholesalers, pharmacies, importers as well as rapidly advancing technologies and applications.
A Similarity Measure across Ontologies for Web Services Discovery
Authors: Fellah Aissa , Malki Mimoun , Elci Atilla
Published: April 2016

Given the critical and difficult nature of discovering Web services in the development process of service oriented architectures, several studies have been proposed to solve this problem. There is a real need to work for matching semantic Web services which use different ontologies. In responding to this need, measuring semantic similarity between SWS may be reduced to the calculation of similarity between ontological concepts. This work is a contribution to achieve semantic interoperability for Web services in a multi-ontology environment, for which the authors present a generic framework for Web services discovery. Here their focus is on the semantic similarity measure-based core of their framework and the authors present a novel algorithm for concepts matching between different ontologies. Results of the experiments confirm the viability of the semantic similarity measure.
Access Control and Information Flow Control for Web Services Security
Authors: Kedjar Saadia , Tari Abdelkamel , Bertok Peter
Published: April 2016

With the advancement of web services technology, security has become an increasingly important issue. Various security standards have been developed to secure web services at the transport and message level, but application level has received less attention. The security solutions at the application level focus on access control which cannot alone ensure the confidentiality and integrity of information. The solution proposed in this paper consists on a hybrid model that combines access control (AC) and information flow control (IFC). The AC mechanism uses the concept of roles and attributes to control user access to web services' methods. The IFC mechanism uses labels to control how the roles access to the system's objects and verify the information flows between them to ensure the information confidentiality and integrity. This manuscript describes the model, gives the demonstration of the IFC model safety, presents the modeling and implementation of the model and a case study.
Helicobacter pylori γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Induces Tolerogenic Human Dendritic Cells by Activation of Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Käbisch Romy , Semper Raphaela P. , Wüstner Stefanie , Gerhard Markus , Mejías-Luque Raquel
Published: April 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized by chronic persistence of the bacterium. Different virulence factors, including H. pylori γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (gGT), have been reported to induce tolerogenicity by reprogramming dendritic cells (DCs). gGT is present in all bacterial isolates, indicating an important role for gGT in the course of infection. In the current study, we have analyzed the effect of H. pylori gGT on human DCs and the subsequent adaptive immune response. We show that glutamate produced due to H. pylori gGT enzymatic activity tolerizes DCs by inhibiting cAMP signaling and dampening IL-6 secretion in response to the infection. Together, our results provide a novel molecular mechanism by which H. pylori manipulates the host’s immune response to persist within its host.
POSH Regulates CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Survival
Authors: Cunningham Cody A. , Cardwell Leah N. , Guan Yue , Teixeiro Emma , Daniels Mark A.
Published: April 2016

The scaffold molecule POSH is crucial for the regulation of proliferation and effector function in CD8+ T cells. However, its role in CD4+ T cells is not known. In this study, we found that disruption of the POSH scaffold complex established a transcriptional profile that strongly skewed differentiation toward Th2, led to decreased survival, and had no effect on cell cycle entry. This is in stark contrast to CD8+ T cells in which POSH regulates cell cycle and does not affect survival. Disruption of POSH in CD4+ T cells resulted in the loss of Tak1-dependent activation of JNK1/2 and Tak1-mediated survival. However, in CD8+ T cells, POSH regulates only JNK1. Remarkably, each type of T cell had a unique composition of the POSH scaffold complex and distinct posttranslational modifications of POSH. These data indicate that the mechanism that regulates POSH function in CD4+ T cells is different from CD8+ T cells. All together, these data strongly suggest that POSH is essential for the integration of cell-type–specific signals that regulate the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells.
Случайный момент с дифференцируемой функцией условного распределения
Authors: Song Shiqi
Published: April 2016

В статье приводится общее исследование дифференцируемых моментов, т. е. случайных моментов, функции условных распределений которых дифференцируемы относительно некоторых неубывающих процессов. Класс случайных моментов образует расширение класса начальных моментов. Мы предлагаем подход, основанный на вспомогательном произведении пространств, и устанавливаем фундаментальное соотношение между классами дифференцируемых моментов и мер Кокса. Основываясь на этом соотношении, мы доказываем, что для дифференцируемых моментов сохраняется большинство свойств начальных моментов, в частности, формула
условного математического ожидания, формула опционального расщепления и формула расширения фильтрации. Приводится важный пример дифференцируемого момента, иллюстрирующий недостаточность моделей с начальными моментами для приложений.
An alternative way to identify local geomagnetically quiet days: a case study using wavelet analysis
Authors: Klausner Virginia , Papa Andrés Reinaldo Rodriguez , Cândido Cláudia Maria Nicole , Domingues Margarete Oliveira , Mendes Odim
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate geomagnetic activity based on wavelet analysis during the solar minimum activity (2007). In order to accomplish this task, a newly developed algorithm called effectiveness wavelet coefficient (EWC) was applied. Furthermore, a comparison between the 5 geomagnetically quiet days determined by the Kp-based method and by wavelet-based method was performed. This paper provides a new insight since the geomagnetic activity indexes are mostly designed to quantify the extent of disturbance rather than the quietness. The results suggest that the EWC can be used as an alternative tool to accurately detect quiet days, and consequently, it can also be used as an alternative to determine the Sq baseline to the current Kp-based 5 quietest days method. Another important aspect of this paper is that most of the quietest local wavelet candidate days occurred in an interval 2 days prior to the high-speed-stream-driven storm events. In other words, the EWC algorithm may potentially be used to detect the quietest magnetic activity that tends to occur just before the arrival of high-speed-stream-driven storms.
Representation of the grey zone of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Honnert Rachel
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction model forecasts at horizontal grid lengths in the range of 100 to 1 km are now possible. This range of scales is the "grey zone of turbulence". Previous studies, based on large-eddy simulation (LES) analysis from the MésoNH model, showed that some assumptions of some turbulence schemes on boundary-layer structures are not valid. Indeed, boundary-layer thermals are now partly resolved, and the subgrid remaining part of the thermals is possibly largely or completely absent from the model columns. First, some modifications of the equations of the shallow convection scheme have been tested in the MésoNH model and in an idealized version of the operational AROME model at resolutions coarser than 500 m. Secondly, although the turbulence is mainly vertical at mesoscale (>  2 km resolution), it is isotropic in LES (<  100 m resolution). It has been proved by LES analysis that, in convective boundary layers, the horizontal production of turbulence cannot be neglected at resolutions finer than half of the boundary-layer height. Thus, in the grey zone, fully unidirectional turbulence scheme should become tridirectional around 500 m resolution. At Météo-France, the dynamical turbulence is modelled by a K-gradient in LES as well as at mesoscale in both MésoNH and AROME, which needs mixing lengths in the formulation. Vertical and horizontal mixing lengths have been calculated from LES of neutral and convective cases at resolutions in the grey zone.
Optical properties and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter along a flow-path continuum from soil pore waters to the Kolyma River mainstem, East Siberia
Authors: Frey Karen E. , Sobczak William V. , Mann Paul J. , Holmes Robert M.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Kolyma River in northeast Siberia is among the six largest Arctic rivers and drains a region underlain by vast deposits of Holocene-aged peat and Pleistocene-aged loess known as yedoma, most of which is currently stored in ice-rich permafrost throughout the region. These peat and yedoma deposits are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to inland waters that in turn play a significant role in the transport and ultimate remineralization of organic carbon to CO2 and CH4 along the terrestrial flow-path continuum. The turnover and fate of terrigenous DOM during offshore transport largely depends upon the composition and amount of carbon released to inland and coastal waters. Here, we measured the ultraviolet-visible optical properties of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) from a geographically extensive collection of waters spanning soil pore waters, streams, rivers, and the Kolyma River mainstem throughout a  ∼  250 km transect of the northern Kolyma River basin. During the period of study, CDOM absorption coefficients were found to be robust proxies for the concentration of DOM, whereas additional CDOM parameters such as spectral slopes (S) were found to be useful indicators of DOM quality along the flow path. In particular, the spectral slope ratio (SR) of CDOM demonstrated statistically significant differences between all four water types and tracked changes in the concentration of bioavailable DOC, suggesting that this parameter may be suitable for clearly discriminating shifts in organic matter characteristics among water types along the full flow-path continuum across this landscape. However, despite our observations of downstream shifts in DOM composition, we found a relatively constant proportion of DOC that was bioavailable ( ∼  3–6 % of total DOC) regardless of relative water residence time along the flow path. This may be a consequence of two potential scenarios allowing for continual processing of organic material within the system, namely (a) aquatic microorganisms are acclimating to a downstream shift in DOM composition and/or (b) photodegradation is continually generating labile DOM for continued microbial processing of DOM along the flow-path continuum. Without such processes, we would otherwise expect to see a declining fraction of bioavailable DOC downstream with increasing residence time of water in the system. With ongoing and future permafrost degradation, peat and yedoma deposits throughout the northeast Siberian region will become more hydrologically active, providing greater amounts of DOM to fluvial networks and ultimately to the Arctic Ocean. The ability to rapidly and comprehensively monitor shifts in the quantity and quality of DOM across the landscape is therefore critical for understanding potential future feedbacks within the Arctic carbon cycle.
Reasonable and Rational: Renewed Loci for Rhetorical Justice
Authors: Kraemer Don J.
Published: April 2016

Whereas the new rhetoric project associates the rational with the certainty of abstract objectivism, normative philosophy associates the rational with the ethical (the good), that is, the individual's pursuit of a life well lived. Normative philosophy distinguishes the ethical, then, not from the rational but from the moral (the reasonable), which represents the obligations we have toward others to ensure just relations among people. In philosophy, the rational and reasonable function as loci for arguments about values, but their rhetorical resourcefulness is dismissed rather than elaborated by the philosophy reviewed here, which gives the reasonable's abstract objectivity priority over the concrete preferences embodied by the rational. The concrete objectivism so important to the new rhetoric project could be more fully redeemed, I suggest, were the new rhetoric project to transform philosophy's rational-reasonable distinction into two uneasily coexisting, mutually reinforcing loci.
Leaders’ Image Concerns Is Moderator to Interfere with Leader Career Role and Leader Impression Management
Authors: Lin Mei-Mei
Published: April 2016

There is no same image who displayed out in the world because Leader career roles developed always leans on personal character, but it could describe as each person trend to play some a particular role. However the career role developed by nature and environment, impression management upon nurture education and skill training meanwhile involve with final result so that this work supposes career role would significant influence impression management. Hence image could be control if who would like to mold into a particular image on purpose for achievement. In addition to leaders in organization always have more pressure than employees whether performance or profit especial in such economic hardship. So that this work assumes leader career role significant affect to leader impression management and leaders’ image concerns is moderator to interfere with the relationship of these two aspects. At last this work assays hypotheses successful via structural equation modeling. According to the result, this work looks forward to make industries to clear up management problem and digs out more potential crises.
Monitoring Mechanisms, Gender, and Information System Structure in Nigerian Non-Financial Listed Companies
Authors: Arowolo Oluyemisi Rachael , Che-Ahmad Ayoib
Published: April 2016

Monitoring mechanisms are tools for companies to protect the interests of the shareholders, most especially, the minority shareholders from the deviant behaviour of the management and board members. This study examines the relationship between monitoring mechanisms (directorship, internal and external auditing), gender and information system structure in Nigerian non-financial listed companies. The empirical tests for the study are by quantitative analysis approach with data from annual reports and questionnaires (for information system structure and internal auditing not obtainable from annual reports). The findings reveal that both gender and information system structure significantly relates to monitoring mechanisms (directorship, internal auditing and external auditing). This empirical study adds to the literature on the antecedents of organizational attributes in respect of gender and information system structure as related to monitoring mechanisms, particularly in Sub-Saharan African. Likewise, the findings suggest policy implication for the board of directors regarding appropriate board composition and structuring of the information system of a company to mitigate agency problems.
External VS. Internal Audit in the Accounting of Complex Contractual Instruments: A Survey on EU Firms
Authors: Celli Massimiliano
Published: April 2016

This article aims at ascertain if external and independent audit can improve the reliability of IAS/IFRS financial statements with regard to the accounting of complex contractual instruments such as swing contracts for the sale and purchase of energy commodities. To this end, first of all the standard contents of the contracts at stake will be identified, based on those usually recurring in corporate practice. Then, it will be ascertained whether such contracts subtend an industrial usage only, so that the pertinent arrangement has to be accounted as a standard purchase/sale transaction, or whether the counterparts are pursuing financial intendments, since in such assumption the swing contract must be accounted as a financial instrument in accordance with IFRS 9/IAS 39. Conclusively, the modalities will be analysed which are used by a number of European companies whose typical activity is the purchase/sale of energy commodities, to account such kind of contracts. The survey aims at verify if the accounting modalities chosen by companies whose financial statements are subject to an external and independent audit (voluntarily or mandatorily pursuant to the applicable laws) are more compliant with the principle of faithful representation than those which are not subject to an external and independent audit.