bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of the Lunar Surface in Mare Tranquillitatis
Authors: Turkevich Anthony L. , Franzgrote Ernest J. , Patterson James H.
Published: October 2006

More precise and comprehensive analytical results have been derived for lunar material at the Surveyor V landing site from alpha-scattering data. The composition is, in general, basaltic; the low sodium and high titanium contents, however, are distinctly different from the abundances in meteorites or common terrestrial rocks.
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy: Abnormalities in Fibroblast Culture
Authors: Swift Michael R. , Finegold Milton J.
Published: October 2006

Skin fibroblasts in culture, derived from four unrelated patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy, contain abnormally large amounts of material with the staining characteristics of acid mucopolysaccharide. These cells also differ from normal cells in their pattern of growth at a high density in culture.
Vitellogenic Blood Protein Synthesis by Insect Fat Body
Authors: Pan M. L. , Bell William J. , Telfer William H.
Published: October 2006

The female fat body of a moth and a roach incorporated labeled amino acids in vitro into substances precipitable by antibodies formed in response to the sex-limited vitellogenic blood proteins of these species. The fat body of males failed to do so, as did that of females before the appearance of these proteins in the blood.
Anaphylatoxin Release from the Third Component of Human Complement by Hydroxylamine
Authors: Budzko Delia B. , Müller-Eberhard Hans
Published: October 2006

Treatment of highly purified preparations of the third component of complement (C3) with 0.5
M
hydroxylamine at 20°C for 15 to 30 minutes, followed by acidification, resulted in dissociation of a peptide from the C3 molecule. The isolated fragment (molecular weight, 7600) resembled enzymatically liberated anaphylatoxin (C3a) with respect to size, charge, amino acid composition, and biological activity. Its capacity to contract smooth muscle was inhibitable by antihistamines; it also produced tachyphylaxis and desensitization of the guinea pig ileum to C3a. Thus native C3 probably contains an esterlike bond and hydroxylamine-liberated anaphylatoxin may represent one of the polypeptide chains of the C3 molecule.
Microsome-Associated DNA
Authors: Bond Howard E. , Cooper John A. , Courington Doris P. , Wood Jeannie S.
Published: October 2006

Deoxyribonucleic acid has been isolated from the microsomes of mouse liver homogenates under conditions designed to prevent or greatly reduce mitochondrial and nuclear contamination. The DNA rapidly incorporates tritiated thymidine, and this, together with its reannealing characteristics after thermal denaturation, shows that it is not mitochondrial or typically nuclear DNA.
Serum Elastase Inhibitor Deficiency and α
1
-Antitrypsin Deficiency in Patients with Obstructive Emphysema
Authors: Turino Gerard M. , Senior Robert M. , Garg Bhagwan D. , Keller Steven , Levi Michael M. , Mandl Ines
Published: October 2006

A decreased inhibition of pancreatic elastase has been detected in the serums of six patients with α
1
-antitrypsin deficiency. Five have severe clinical and physiological pulmonary emphysema. This observation extends the defect of inhibition by serum to a second, biologically active proteolytic enzyme in this form of familial emphysema.
Microphotometric Determination of Preferred Orientation in Undeformed Dolomites
Authors: Sass Eytan
Published: October 2006

Preferred orientation was observed in certain undeformed dolomites with a microphotometric technique. The preferred direction of the
c
-axis was found to be perpendicular to the bedding planes. The degree of orientation is rather slight, but is considered significant due to the fact that thousands of crystals are included in each measurement. It is suggested that the preferred orientation was acquired during an early diagenetic stage of dolomitization, when the individual crystals could rotate and adjust their position so that their maximum cross section tended to lie horizontally.
Glossopterid Leaves from the Middle Jurassic of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Delevoryas T.
Published: October 2006

Leaves indistinguishable from those of the late Paleozoic genus
Glossopteris
occur in Middle Jurassic beds in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. If they are biologically related to the Permo-Carboniferous Glossopteris, the occurrence in Mexico is the latest report of the genus. Alternatively, these leaves may have belonged to another group of plants with foliage similar to that of Glossopteris, but with a different reproductive structure.
C-Fiber Responses in the Ventrolateral Column of the Cat Spinal Cord
Authors: Manfredi Mario , Castellucci Vincent
Published: October 2006

Saphenous nerve C-fiber volleys generate, in the ventrolateral column of the cat spinal cord, a conducted postsynaptic response revealed by averaging the integrated temporally dispersed axonal discharges. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that the feline ventrolateral column includes a major pathway related to nociception.
Crystal Structure of Benzene II at 25 Kilobars
Authors: Piermarini G. J. , Mighell A. D. , Weir C. E. , Block S.
Published: October 2006

Crystals of a high-pressure form of benzene (benzene II) were grown in the diamond-anvil pressure cell at elevated temperature and pressure from the transition of solid I to solid II. X-ray precession data were obtained from a single-crystal in the high-pressure cell. At 21°C and about 25 kilobars, benzene II crystallizes in the monoclinic system with
a
= 5.417 ± 0.005 angstroms (S.D.),
b
= 5.376 ± 0.019 angstroms,
c
= 7.532 ± 0.007 angstroms, β = 110.00° ± 0.08°, space group
P
2
1
/
c
, ρ
c
= 1.26 grams per cubic centimeter. The crystal structure was solved by generating all possible molecular packing configurations and calculating structure factors, reliability factors, and packing energies for each configuration. This procedure produced a unique solution for the molecular packing of benzene II.
Atmospheric Aerosols
Authors: McCaldin R. O. , Johnson L. W. , Stephens N. T.
Published: October 2006

Measurements of particle counts and size distributions of atmospheric aerosols have been made at various locations by use of an instrumented aircraft. The number of atmospheric particulates is related to the visibility.
Cortisol Induction of Growth Hormone Synthesis in a Clonal Line of Rat Pituitary Tumor Cells in Culture
Authors: Kohler Peter O. , Frohman Lawrence A. , Bridson William E. , Vanha-Perttula Tapani , Hammond James M.
Published: October 2006

Growth hormone synthesis increased markedly after addition of glucocorticoids at physiological concentrations to cultures of the GH
1
line of rat pituitary tumor cells. Stimulation of hormone protein synthesis by corticosteroids was selective, since (i) the rate of hormone synthesis increased while total protein synthesis decreased, and (ii) cortisol analogs, biologically inactive metabolites, and sex steroids did not induce growth hormone synthesis.
Terrestrial Microclimate: Amelioration at High Latitudes
Authors: Corbet Philip S.
Published: October 2006

At latitudes north of the Arctic Circle the diel range of sun altitude declines progressively, reducing the frequency of temperature inversions over level, unshaded ground in summer and extending the frost-free season. North of about 70° north, the potential number of inversion-free days increases rapidly with latitude; this ameliorates the microclimate close to the ground—the zone to which terrestrial organisms are increasingly restricted in higher latitudes. The relation between screen and ground-surface temperatures differs north and south of about 70° north; north of that latitude there are progressively more frost-free days than would be inferred from screen temperatures, were no allowance made for this latitude-dependent change.
Magnetic Flux-Trapping Experiment with a Moving Conductor
Authors: Hovorka John
Published: October 2006

An aluminum conductor moving into and out of a magnetic field of 75 gauss traps within itself for varying lengths of time a detectable fraction of the encountered flux, which subsequently decays. A time constant of about 0.005 second, which is the order of magnitude predicted by classical electrodynamics, is measured. The result is of interest in connection with the "frozen-in field" concept of Babcock's sunspot model.
Cellulosic Wall Component Produced by the Golgi Apparatus of
Pleurochrysis scherffelii
Authors: Brown R. Malcolm , Franke Werner W. , Kleinig Hans , Falk Heinz , Sitte Peter
Published: October 2006

The Golgi apparatus of a marine chrysophycean alga
Pleurochrysis scherffelii
Pringsheim produces wall fragments (circular-to-ellipsoidal "scales") which are released to the periphery by an exocytotic process involving the fusion of cisternae and the plasma membrane. The cellulosic component of the scales is a complex network of fibrils (10 to 25 angstroms in diameter) that resist treatment with strong alkali. Untreated washed scales yield galactose, ribose, arabinose, and traces of glucose; alkali-purified scales yield much more glucose. The fibrillar scale constituent shows a positive iodine dichroism of the intact wall, a positive zinc chloride-iodine reaction, breakage sites characteristic of highly crystalline cellulose, and solubility in Schweizer's reagent.
Ribonucleic Acid Metabolism of a Single Neuron: Correlation with Electrical Activity
Authors: Berry R. W.
Published: October 2006

The giant neuron of the abdominal ganglion of
Aplysia californica
incorporates tritiated uridine into RNA at a constant rate at rest. This rate increases under synaptic stimulation, the increase being directly proportional to the number of action potentials produced by the neuron. Multineuronal samples from stimulated ganglia failed to show an increase in incorporation.
Group A Streptococci: Localization in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs Following Tissue Injury
Authors: Ginsburg Isaac , Gallis Harry A. , Cole Roger M. , Green Ira
Published: October 2006

Rabbits injected intravenously with extracellular products ("toxins") of group A streptococci develop myocardial, muscular, and hepatic lesions. When such animals are then challenged with fluorochrome-labeled group A streptococci or with titanium oxide particles the labeled bacteria or particles localize within phagocytic cells in the tissue lesions caused by the toxins. Similarly, labeled streptococci or titanium oxide particles will also localize within phagocytic cells in skin lesions of guinea pigs that develop delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin or to bovine gamma globulin. It is proposed that a combined mechanism of injury and localization of bacteria in damaged tissues may be responsible for poststreptococcal sequelae or other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Ultraviolet Video-Viewing: The Television Camera as an Insect Eve
Authors: Eisner T. , Silberglied R. E. , Aneshansley D. , Carrel J. E. , Howland H. C.
Published: October 2006

A television camera, like the eyes of some insects, is sensitive to ultraviolet light. When equipped with an appropriate ultraviolet-transmitting lens, such a camera can be used for the direct examination of ultraviolet reflection patterns (for example, on flowers, butterflies) that are invisible to us, but visible to insects.
Late Cenozoic Underthrusting of the Continental Margin off Northernmost California
Authors: Silver Eli A.
Published: October 2006

The presence of magnetic anomaly 3, age 5 million years, beneath the continental slope off northernmost California, is evidence for underthrusting of the continental margin during the late Cenozoic. Folded and faulted strata near the base of the slope attest to deformation of the eastern edge of the turbidite sediments in the Gorda Basin; the deformation observed is exactly that expected from underthrusting. The relative motions of three crustal plates also suggest underthrusting, possibly with a major component of right-lateral slip.
Hypobaric Hypoxia: Effects on Early Development of Tryptophan Oxygenase in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Francesconi Ralph P. , Mager Milton
Published: October 2006

Despite a reduction in liver and body weights of neonatal rats born and reared at a simulated altitude of 5790 meters (oxygen pressure, 76.36 millimeters of mercury), the hepatic enzyme tryptophan oxygenase develops prematurely in these stressed animals as compared to controls reared at sea level. Also, the specific activities remain distinctly elevated through the first 9 days of age; thus, the competence for premature synthesis of tryptophan oxygenase is confirmed in neonatal rats.
Afferent Discharges from Osmoreceptors in the Liver of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Niijima A.
Published: October 2006

Afferent activity from vagal nerve filament of guinea pig liver was recorded. Perfusion of liver by hypertonic solution caused an increase in firing rate. There may be osmoreceptors in the liver.
Local Anesthetics: Significance of Hydrogen Bonding in Mechanism of Action
Authors: Sax M. , Pletcher J.
Published: October 2006

The action of local anesthetics is considered in terms of their ability to function as the donor in a hydrogen bond. The formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex between the drug and an acceptor group on the neural membrane is suggested as a feature in the action of local anesthetics.
Cytosine to Thymine Transitions from Decay of Cytosine-5-
3
H in Bacteriophage S13
Authors: Funk Fred , Person Stanley
Published: October 2006

Decay of cytosine-5-
3
H incorporated into bacteriophage S13 DNA causes a molecular rearrangement of the cytosine molecule undergoing the decay. The molecular rearrangement produces a cytosine to thymine coding change with an efficiency approaching one. Decay of either thymidine-(methyl)-
3
H or cytosine-6-
3
H is less than 1 percent as effective in causing either cytosine to thymine or thymine to cytosine transitions.
Superdense Water Ice
Authors: Delsemme A. H. , Wenger A.
Published: October 2006

A new allotropic form of water ice with a density of 2.32 ± 0.15 grams per cubic centimeter has been observed at very low pressures and for temperatures lower than 100°K. It is most likely amorphous.
Evidence for Solid Carbon Dioxide in the Upper Atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Herr Kenneth C. , Pimentel George C.
Published: October 2006

The infrared spectra recorded by Mariner 6 and 7 show reflections at 4.3 microns. which suggest the presence of solid carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of Mars.
Mixed Permian-Triassic Fauna, Guryul Ravine, Kashmir
Authors: Teichert Curt , Kummnel Bernhard , Kapoor H. M.
Published: October 2006

At Guryul Ravine near Srinagar, Kashmir, a varied fauna of productid brachiopods, including
Spinomarginifera
, is associated in approximately 15 feet (about 4 meters) of strata with the typical Scythian (Lower Triassic) pelecypod
Claraia
. These faunas are interpreted as true associations of surviving "Permian" and Lower Triassic faunal elements. Similar mixed associations have previously been identified in the lowest Triassic strata of the Salt Range and Surghar Range of West Pakistan.
Rubidium-Strontium Relations in Tranquillity Base Samples
Authors: Hurley P. M. , Pinson W. H.
Published: October 2006

Preliminary total rock analyses disclosed a greatly different rubidium depletion between two groups of these igneous rocks, and ratios of strontium-87 to strontium-86 indicate that the rubidium depletion in these materials must have occurred during or shortly after the accretion of the terrestrial planets.
Age Determinations and Isotopic Abundance Measurements on Lunar Samples
Authors: Wanless R. K. , Loveridge W. D. , Stevens R. D.
Published: October 2006

A K-Ar age of 2300 × 10
6
years has been determined for a sample of type A crystalline rock (57,34). The presence of an anomalously large quantity of
40
Ar, in a sample of type C breccia (65,35) precluded the calculation of its K-Ar age. Both of the rock types are characterized by low Rb/Sr ratios and consequently low
87
Sr/
86
Sr values. The U-Th-Pb results for a sample of type D fines (84,33) yield a
207
Pb/
206
Pb age of 4760 × 10
6
years, but ages based on U-Pb and Th-Pb ratios are anomalously high. Isotopic compositions of Li, K, Rb, Sr, U, and Th are very close to the accepted values for terrestrial materials.
Rare Earth Elements in Returned Lunar Samples
Authors: Haskin Larry A. , Helmke Philip A. , Allen Ralph O.
Published: October 2006

A linear correlation between concentrations of Sm and ratios of Sm to Eu for nine lunar samples suggests that those samples could correspond to liquids from equilibrium partial melting of a common source. On the basis of partition coefficients in terrestrial systems, the fraction of melting would not have exceeded about 15 percent and the immediate source could have been composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, and opaque minerals plus at least 25 percent feldspar, with at most a few percent calcic clinopyroxene and less than 1 percent apatite. The large Eu depletions could also have been produced by fractional crystallization if the ratio of Eu
2+
to Eu
3+
in lunar magmas significantly exceeds the values for terrestrial magmas.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Milligram Quantifies of Lunar Rocks and Soils
Authors: Turekian Karl K. , Kharkar D. P.
Published: October 2006

A neutron activation scheme for determining 25 elements in lunar samples weighing 20 milligrams is described and applied to a suite of Apollo 11 lunar materials. Concentrations of titanium, chromium, scandium, tantalum, hafnium, and rare earths are higher than in average basalt, whereas cobalt, nickel, and copper are lower. Chemical variations show groupings of elements possibly associated with the major phases, pyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite. The high concentration of "refractory oxides" and low volatile content implies that the raw material for the Apollo 11 samples was condensed from the primitive solar nebula at high temperatures.
Magnetic Studies of Lunar Samples
Authors: Doell Richard R. , Grommé C. Sherman , Thorpe A. N. , Senftle F. E.
Published: October 2006

The remanent magnetism of a lunar type C breccia sample includes a large viscous component with a time constant of several hours, and a high coercivity remanence, possibly acquired by impact processes on the lunar surface. Ilmenite(?) and metallic iron in breccias, and ferrous and metallic iron in glass beads separated from lunar fines (type D) were identified by high-field and low-temperature experiments. The iron appears to occur in a wide range of grain sizes including the single domain and multidomain states.
Magnetic Properties of Lunar Samples
Authors: Runcorn S. K. , Collinson D. W. , O'Reilly W. , Stephenson A. , Greenwood N. N. , Battey M. H.
Published: October 2006

The magnetic properties of samples of rock, fines, and magnetic separate from the fines from Apollo 11 have been measured. Native iron, or possibly nickel-iron, of submicroscopic particle size is the most important constituent, with minor contributions from ilmenite, paramagnetic iron minerals, and other iron-titanium oxides. The remanent magnetization of a sample of the micro-breccia rapidly acquires a viscous magnetization and does not appear to have a significant stable remanence. The crystalline sample has a weak natural remanence showing some stability.
Optical and High-Frequency Electrical Properties of the Lunar Sample
Authors: Gold T. , Campbell M. J. , O'Leary B. T.
Published: October 2006

Reflectivity and polarization laws for the powder sample and its spectrum are close to the mean for the lunar maria. Solid samples show a marked absorption feature at 1 micron. The low albedo appears to be due to a surface coating on dust grains rather than to volume absorption. The high-frequency electrical properties resemble those of a fine powder made from typical dense terrestrial rocks and are consistent with previous estimates from ground-based radar observations. The differential mass spectrum is almost constant from 100-micron particles down to 0.1-micron particles; most particles are smaller than 0.3 micron. Their shapes disclose a variety of processes of generation.
Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake by Subcellular Particles from Adipose Tissue Cells
Authors: Martin Donald B. , Carter James R.
Published: October 2006

Microsomal particles prepared from isolated rat adipose cells take up D-glucose more rapidly than L-glucose. The rate of D-glucose uptake, but not that of L-glucose, is stimulated by incubation of the intact cells with insulin at concentrations as low as 10 microunits per milliliter before disruption and preparation of the microsomes.
Early Canid Burial from the Western Ozark Highland
Authors: McMillan R. Bruce
Published: October 2006

A dog skeleton unearthed at Rodgers Shelter, Benton County, Missouri, came from a zone dating at approximately 5500 B.C. The animal, buried in a shallow pit beneath a tumulus of limestone rocks, is one of the earliest instances of canid interment to be recorded for North America.
Fiber Composite Alloys: Preparation by Controlled Dissociation of Metallic Solid Solutions
Authors: Fesolowich A. , Johnson A. A. , Bestel J. L. , Mukherjee K.
Published: October 2006

Fiber-reinforced alloys have been prepared by the controlled dissociation of gold-nickel and aluminum-zinc solid solutions. To cause the dissociation, the alloys were taken from a one-phase field to a two-phase field by lowering the temperature. The new two-phase structure was in each case formed by diffusion controlled processes, and under certain conditions one of the new equilibrium phases appeared in the form of fibers, a few tenths of a micron in diameter, embedded in a matrix of the other. The precipitated phase first appeared in the form of spherical particles, but these aligned and then coalesced to form the fibers.
Monoplacophora in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rosewater Joseph
Published: October 2006

Occurrence of Neopilina off the southeastern tip of South America may indicate rather widespread distribution of this abyssal group, under favorable conditions, throughout the seas of the world.
Hyperbaric Oxygen: Effects on Metabolism and Ionic Movement in Cerebral Cortex Slices
Authors: Joanny Pierre , Corriol Jacques , Brue François
Published: October 2006

The incubation of slices of cerebral cortex under hyperbaric oxygen pressures from 1 to 10 atmospheres in the presence of radioactive glucose, pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, L-glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid causes a marked diminution of tissue oxidative reactions. There is a simultaneous decrease in phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate, and a reduction of the apparent intracellular ionic gradients. The increase of lipid peroxides, measured directly, is attributed to the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen.
Enhancement of Photoalteration of Cyclodiene Insecticide Chemical Residues by Rotenone
Authors: Ivie Glen Wayne , Casida John E.
Published: October 2006

When applied at low concentrations to plant foliage, rotenone catalyzes the photoisomerization of dieldrin and other cyclodiene insecticide chemical residues. This finding of a new type of interaction between pesticide chemicals suggests the possibility of controlling the persistence of residues on plants by use of certain pesticide-photosensitizer combinations and application sequences.
"Polywater": A Hydrosol?
Authors: Kurtin S. L. , Mead C. A. , Mueller W. A. , Kurtin B. C. , Wolf E. D.
Published: October 2006

Measurements of the dielectric constant and the effective parallel conductance of a specimen of anomalous water suggest that anomalous water is a hydrosol consisting of finely divided particulate matter suspended in ordinary water. Scanning electron micrography confirms the presence of particulate matter. These new experimental data provide an alternative explanation for the properties of anomalous water.
Paradoxical Sleep in Two Species of Avian Predator (Falconiformes)
Authors: Rojas-Ramírez José A. , Tauber Edward S.
Published: October 2006

Periods of disconjugate. and conjugate eye movements occur during the sleep cycle in
Buteo jamaicensis borealis
and
Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani
" rather than. Electromyograms are essentially isoelectric throughout sleep. Slow waves appear only in short bursts of low amplitude in contrast to the long trains of high-amplitude waves reported for chickens and pigeons.
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Antigens Associated with Endogenous Murine C-Type Leukemia Viruses
Authors: Hirsch Martin E. , Kelly Ann P. , Proffitt Max R. , Black Paul H.
Published: October 2006

Splenic lymphocytes from (BALB/c × A/J) F 1 mice are cytotoxic for BALB/c fibroblasts infected with an endogenous C-type leukemia virus, but are not cytotoxic for uninfected BALB/c fibroblasts. These results indicate that mice do not exhibit cell-mediated immune tolerance to antigens associated with endogenous C-type viruses.
Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures Produce Effector Cells: Model in vitro for Allograft Rejection
Authors: Häyry Pekka , Defendi Vittorio
Published: October 2006

Mouse peripheral lymphocytes sensitized in vitro by culturing with allogeneic lymphocytes produced immunospecific destruction of target cells, as measured by release of chromium-51. Thus the sensitizing and effector phases of the cell-bound immune response can both be studied in an in vitro system.
Satellite DNA in Constitutive Heterochromatin of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Yunis Jorge J. , Yasmineh Walid G.
Published: October 2006

Total DNA and DNA from the heterochromatin and euchromatin fractions of male guinea pig liver nuclei were analyzed by cesium sulfate-silver density-gradient centrifugation. Total DNA is composed of three components: a heavy satellite DNA, a main DNA of intermediate density, and a light satellite DNA. Heterochromatin DNA shows a fourfold enrichment in the satellite components while euchromatin DNA is relatively devoid of them. The strands of both satellite DNA's are separable by centrifugation in alkaline cesium chloride. Base analyses on the separate strands demonstrate that the two satellite DNA's represent different species.
Isoantigenic Variants: Isolation from Human Diploid Cells in Culture
Authors: Adman R. , Pious D. A.
Published: October 2006

Variant human fibroblast substrains, resistant to a cytotoxic human isoantiserum, were isolated from sensitive strains by repeated exposure to isoantiserum and rabbit complement. The resistant phenotype was stable, apparently occurred at low frequency, and was associated with loss of surface isoantigens.
DNA Synthesis during Yeast Sporulation: Genetic Control of an Early Developmental Event
Authors: Roth Robert , Lusnak Karin
Published: October 2006

In yeast the mating type alleles
a
and a also control sporulation; heterozygous strains (
a
/α) sporulate while homozygous strains (α/α or
a
/
a
) do not. Net DNA synthesis, an early event preceding sporulation, occurred normally in the heterozygous strains but did not occur in the homozygous strains. Therefore, the α/
a
allelles also influence early development well before spore formation begins.
Summer Hibernation Induced by Cryogenically Preserved Blood "Trigger"
Authors: Dawe Albert R. , Spurrier Wilma A. , Armour John A.
Published: October 2006

Summer hibernation induced by transfusions of blood (serum, cells, or whole blood) from hibernating ground squirrels and woodchucks demonstrates that (i) this "trigger effect" can be preserved cryogenically in vitro for at least 5 months, (ii) it cross-reacts between these species of hibernators, and (iii) its effectiveness relates to the donor's previous hibernation history.
Clutch Size in Birds: Outcome of Opposing Predator and Prey Adaptations
Authors: Ricklefs Robert E.
Published: October 2006

A model is proposed to explain clutch size in birds as the outcome of the interaction between predatory adaptations of birds to increase their feeding efficiency and adaptations of their food resources to avoid predation. Variations in clutch size are consistent with the model. A modification that incorporates the seasonality of food resources is also discussed.
Phobos: Preliminary Results from Mariner 7
Authors: Smith Bradford A.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of an image of Phobos on Mariner 7 frame 7F91 indicates that the martian satellite is larger and has a darker surface than had previously been thought. The limb profile measures 18 by 22 kilometers and is elongated along the orbital plane. Phobos has an average visual geometric albedo of 0.065 lower than that known for any other body in the solar system. It seems probable that Phobos did not form by accretion around primordial Mars, but was captured at some later time.
Mosaic Mutants: Absence in a Eucaryotic Organism
Authors: Fjeld Asbjørn
Published: October 2006

Exposure of procaryotic and eucaryotic cells to mutagenic agents generally gives both complete mutants and mosaic mutants. Irradiation of the eucaryotic multicellular alga
Ulva mutabilis
with ultraviolet light has given exclusively complete mutants.
Jupiter's Convection and Its Red Spot
Authors: Smoluchowski R.
Published: October 2006

Physical properties of the liquid hydrogen-helium layer of Jupiter are calculated and used in evaluating convection and in interpreting the approximately constant rate of longitudinal motion of the Red Spot on the basis of the Hide-Streett model.
Visual Receptor Potential: Modification by Injected Current in the
Limulus
Lateral Eye
Authors: Wulff V. J. , Mendez C.
Published: October 2006

The latent period of the light-evoked receptor potential was increased by hyperpolarizing currents injected directly into doubly impaled retinular cells. Indirect hyperpolarization of these cells by injection of hyperpolarizing current into the eccentric cell or other intraommatidial retinular cells either shortened or did not change the latent period. The modification of the latent period may depend upon the direction of current flow across some regions of the membrane system constituting the rhabdomere. The reduction in magnitude of the receptor potential obtained with strong hyperpolarizing currents may also depend upon the direction of current flow. The results support the conclusion that the receptor potential originates in retinular cells within the membrane system of the rhabdomere.
Indian Muntjac,
Muntiacus muntjak
: A Deer with a Low Diploid Chromosome Number
Authors: Wurster Doris H. , Benirschke Kurt
Published: October 2006

The Indian muntjac (
Muntiacus muntjak
) has a diploid chromosome number of 7 in the male and 6 in the female, the lowest number yet described in a mammal. Its near relative, Reeve's muntjac (
Muntiacus reevesi
) has a diploid number of 46, and the karyotypes of the two, species are very different.
Spherical Protein Shell Formation from an 11
S
Subunit of Bacteriophage f
2
Authors: Zelazo Peter O. , Haschemeyer Rudy H.
Published: October 2006

An 11
S
protein component obtained from specific dissociation of bacteriophage f
2
underwent a change in the state of association when dialyzed to
p
H 4. At low temperatures a dissociation to 5.5
S
subunits was observed, while at 24° to 34°C a 37
S
particle was formed. The latter particles have properties which closely resemble those expected for the RNA-free viral capsid.
Immune Virolysis: Effect of Antibody and Complement on C-Type RNA Virus
Authors: Oroszlan Stephen , Gilden Raymond V.
Published: October 2006

In the presence of envelope antibody and complement, the AKR strain of mouse leukemia virus was lysed, with the result that (i) the viral nucleic acid became susceptible to ribonuclease digestion and (ii) the internal group-specific antigen of the virus was released. The internal localization of the group-specific antigen is confirmed, the evidence being based on the failure of group-specific antibody to lyse virus in the presence of complement.
Mitotic Phosphorylation of the Oct-1 Homeodomain and Regulation of Oct-1 DNA Binding Activity
Authors: Segil Neil , Roberts Susan Boseman , Heintz Nanthaniel
Published: October 2006

Oct-1 is a transcription factor involved in the cell cycle regulation of histone H2B gene transcription and in the transcription of other cellular housekeeping genes. Oct-1 is hyperphosphorylated as cells enter mitosis, and mitosis-specific phosphorylation is reversed as cells exit mitosis. A mitosis-specific phosphorylation site in the homeodomain of Oct-1 was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A. Phosphorylation of this site correlated with inhibition of Oct-1 DNA binding activity in vivo and in vitro. The inhibition of Oct-1 DNA binding during mitosis suggests a mechanism by which the general inhibition of transcription during mitosis might occur.
DNA-Membrane Complex: Macromolecular Content and Stimulation of Enzymatic Activity by Polyadenylic Acid
Authors: Firshein William , Gillmor Rogene G.
Published: October 2006

A DNA-cell membrane complex has been isolated from cell suspensions of virulent pneumococci by sarcosyl lysis followed by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. When polyadenylic acid plus the eight naturally occurring deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleotides are added to cell suspensions, the percentage of total DNA in the complex increases with incubation time. This increase is not observed in unsupplemented cell suspensions. However, the percentages of RNA, protein, and phospholipid do not increase with incubation time in either supplemented or control complexes. A variety of deoxyribonucleotide kinases and the DNA polymerase are also detected in the DNA-membrane complex, and their specific activities are greater in complexes extracted from supplemented cell suspensions than in those extracted from controls.
International Cooperation in Space
Authors: Frutkin Arnold W.
Published: October 2006

NASA has developed an extensive program of international cooperation, which opens the entire range of its space activities to foreign participation and benefit. The program has involved developing as well as advanced countries in activities that are fruitful scientifically, technically, economically, and (it may be hoped) politically. "Gaps" or limitations in the program are found in the areas of manned space flight and large booster development and in cooperation with the Soviet Union. In the first case, the low level of European budgeting is the prime explanation, perhaps reflecting Europe's late start in the space business and an early underestimate of its values and possibilities. In the second case, the explanation seems to rest with Soviet political views rather than with technical problems or any lack of interest by the United States. Openhanded efforts are currently under way to raise the level of foreign participation in the space programs of the next decade, but it is too early to estimate their chances of major success. Public commentary could undoubtedly assist these efforts more effectively if it were directed more clearly to the actual sources of restriction on foreign participation. Despite the restricting factors abroad, however, there is every reason to persevere with existing and improved programs for international cooperation.
X-ray Survey of Centaurus A
Authors: Byram E. T. , Chubb T. A. , Friedman H.
Published: October 2006

An x-ray survey of Centaurus A has given marginal evidence of its x-ray flux. If taken as an upper limit on inverse Compton x-rays generated by scattering interactions between relativistic electrons and cosmological background photons, the observation implies an upper limit of close to 3°K for the background radiation temperature.
Nasal Mites Parasitic in Nasal and Upper Skull Tissues in the Baboon (
Papio
sp.)
Authors: Kim Chin S. , Bang Betsy G.
Published: October 2006

Nasal mites (
Rhinophagus
sp.) were found within the mucosal and submucosal nasal tissues and bone marrow of the upper skull in two of five adult baboons (
Papio
sp.).
Genetic Polymorphisms of Human Mitochondrial Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
Authors: Davidson Ronald G. , Cortner Jean A. , Rattazzi Mario C. , Ruddle Frank H. , Lubs Herbert A.
Published: October 2006

In a survey of 860 unselected human placental extracts, three variants of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were found, all of which were common enough to be considered polymorphisms. Family studies showed that this enzyme is under the control of nuclear rather than mitochondrial DNA.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes: Further Kinetic Studies at High Enzyme Concentration
Authors: Wuntch Thomas , Chen Raymond F. , Vesell Elliot S.
Published: October 2006

By competition with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), commonly occurring intracellular proteins, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and albumin, can protect LDH-1 and LDH-5 from inhibition and ternary complex formation with NAD and pyruvate. The existence of intracellular proteins that compete with LDH for NAD renders unphysiological a model for estimating the extent of intracellular LDH inhibition based on incubations of only LDH, NAD, and pyruvate.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in the Human Population: Estimation of Rates Based on New Haven Newborn Study
Authors: Lubs H. A. , Ruddle F. H.
Published: October 2006

The incidence of gross chromosomal abnormality was measured in a large (4500), relatively unbiased sample of New Haven infants born during 1 year. The frequency of infants with abnormal chromosomal constitutions was 0.5 percent. For mothers over age 34, 1.5 percent of newborns were chromosomally abnormal. Only one in four of these infants could have been detected by phenotypic criteria alone. Methods are discussed whereby this fraction of the newborn population might be detected and possibly reduced.
Microwave Noise from Rainstorms
Authors: Penzias A. A. , Wilson R. W.
Published: October 2006

Observations of microwave noise due to rainstorms have been made at 1415 Mhz. The observed effect may well be due to electrical discharge between water droplets.
Ice Sandwich: Functional Semipermeable Membrane
Authors: Miller R. D.
Published: October 2006

At a temperature slightly below the freezing point of an aqueous solution, the functions of a nearly perfect semipermeable membrane can be simulated with two nonselective filters with ice sandwiched between them. Potential applications include production of potable water from brackish sources or of highly purified water from tap water.
Nervous Control of the Heart during Thoracic Temperature Regulation in a Sphinx Moth
Authors: Heinrich Bernd
Published: October 2006

Heating the thorax of the sphinx moth,
Manduca sexta
, evoked pulsations of the heart in the abdomen. These pulsations were of relatively high rate and amplitude, and traveled from the abdomen into the thorax. While heat was continuously applied exclusively to the thorax, thoracic temperature often stabilized and abdominal temperature increased sharply. Thoracic heating of moths with transected nerve cord, however, did not evoke these responses. It is inferred that the heart in the abdomen responds to overheating of the thorax through neural influence.
RNA and DNA Puffs in Polytene Chromosomes of
Rhynchosciara
: Inhibition by Extirpation of Prothorax
Authors: Amabis J. M. , Cabral Dulce
Published: October 2006

In the giant polytene chromosomes, gene amplification is made visible by formation of DNA puffs, and gene transcription is made visible by formation of RNA puffs. Ligation of the anterior portion of the larva at the end of the fourth larval instar inhibited the formation of the DNA puffs that normally develop at this stage and caused regression of RNA puffs.
Zircon and Chromite Crystals in a Muong Nong-Type Tektite
Authors: Glass Billy P.
Published: October 2006

Chromite, zircon, and quartz crystals (identified by x-ray diffraction) have been recovered from a 2.07-gram sample of Muong Nong-type tektite. The absence of eskolaite (Cr
2
O
3
) and baddeleyite (ZrO
2
) supports a previous conclusion that Muong Nong-type tektites were not heated as intensely as other tektite groups. X-ray asterism studies indicate that the crystals are shocked, which supports an impact origin. The presence of chromite and zircon together suggests that the Muong Nong-type tektite was produced from sedimentary material.
Orthopyroxene-Plagioclase Fragments in the Lunar Soil from Apollo 12
Authors: Fuchs Louis H.
Published: October 2006

Rock fragments consisting of orthopyroxene-calcic plagioclase assemblages appear to be more common in Apollo 12 soil samples than in the breccias or soil from Apollo 11 and are mineralogically and chemically different from any of the crystalline rocks returned by either Apollo 11 or Apollo 12. Compositionally, these fragments are orthopyroxenites and feldspathic orthopyroxenites. They are probably not fragments of meteorites; other considerations point to a near-surface lunar origin.
Phase Change Instability in the Mantle
Authors: Schubert Gerald , Turcotte D. L. , Oxburgh E. R.
Published: October 2006

In the presence of a temperature gradient, phase changes of the type believed to exist in the upper mantle, in which the less dense phase lies above the dense phase, may be unstable. Approximate calculations show such phase change instabilities are possible for both the 400-kilometer olivine-spinel phase transition and also for partial melting at shallower depths. The resulting flow patterns may provide a driving mechanism for the new global tectonics.
Woody Plants: Changes in Survival in Response to Long-Term (8 Years) Chronic Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Sparrow Arnold H. , Schwemmer Susan S. , Klug E. Eric , Puglielli Leanne
Published: October 2006

The number of plant deaths which occurred over 8 years of chronic gamma irradiation (20 hours/day) of 11 species of woody plants indicated a decline in the rate of death with increasing exposure time. This suggests that a highly effective repair system may develop, at least in the range of exposure which reduces survival by 50 percent. The inverse relationship previously found between interphase chromosome volume and radiosensitivity for single 16-hour exposures was confirmed for chronic exposures by construction of appropriate regressions. Radiosensitivity of a species can be predicted from these regressions if the interphase chromosome volume is known. The distributions of interphase chromosome volumes and predicted sensitivities are given for 215 species of woody plants.
Ribosome Structure and Function Emergent
Authors: Kurland C. G.
Published: October 2006

Although the corresponding data for 50
S
subunits are still being assembled, it is doubtful that these data will significantly alter the general features of ribosome structure that have emerged from analysis of the 30
S
subunits. One overwhelming characteristic of the ribosome is its apparent complexity, which is reflected both in the diversity of ribosomal components and in their dissymmetric arrangement. The absence of repeat-structures implies that the functions of the ribosome are dissymmetric; this should influence the choice of models for protein synthesis.
Emotionally Induced Increases in Effective Osmotic Pressure and Subsequent Thirst
Authors: Deaux Edward , Kakolewski Jan W.
Published: October 2006

Following a brief period of handling or enclosed rotation, rats increased the frequency of drinking relative to eating. Handling also delayed or eliminated eating behavior in hypoosmotic rats. Osmometric analysis revealed a rapid increase in serum osmolality during stress which may account for the emergence of thirst and disruption of eating.
Integrated Incentives for Fertility Control
Authors: Kangas Lenni W.
Published: October 2006

Incentive proposals for fertility control have stimulated considerable debate and only narrowly conceived trials. As a result, there exists a tendency to dismiss almost offhandedly the entire concept of using material incentives to further contraceptive practice before any have been adequately tried. Moreover, a majority of proposals thus far have been characterized by a search to uncover the "one best way" to circumvent the myriad frustrations encountered in attempting to reduce birthrates in traditional societies.
An Intron in the Genes for U3 Small Bucleolar RNAs of the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Myslinski Evelyne , Ségault Véronique , Branlant Christiane
Published: October 2006

The origin of the intervening sequences (introns), which are removed during RNA maturation, is currently unknown. They are found in most genes encoding messenger RNAs, but are lacking in almost all small nuclear (sn)RNAs. One exceptional snRNA (U6) is part of the spliceosomal machinery that is involved in messenger RNA maturation. It has been suggested that its intron arose as a result of incorrect splicing of a messenger RNA precursor. This study revealed the presence of an intron, with the characteristic features of nuclear introns from precursors to messenger RNA, in the two genes coding for
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
U3 snRNA. The branch point was GACTAAC instead of the TACTAAC sequence found in all yeast introns examined so far. As U3 is a nucleolar snRNA required for maturation of ribosomal RNA, its intron could not have been acquired from aberrant messenger RNA processing in a spliceosome.
An Antibody Binding Site on Cytochrome C Defined by Hydrogen Exchange and Two-Dimensional NMR
Authors: Paterson Yvonne , Englander S. Walter , Roder Heinrich
Published: October 2006

The interaction of a protein antigen, horse cytochrome c (cyt c), with a monoclonal antibody has been studied by hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange labeling and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) methods. The H-exchange rate of residues in three discontiguous regions of the cyt c polypeptide backbone was slowed by factors up to 340-fold in the antibody-antigen complex compared with free cyt c. The protected residues, 36 to 38, 59, 60, 64 to 67, 100, and 101, and their hydrogen-bond acceptors, are brought together in the three-dimensional structure to form a contiguous, largely exposed protein surface with an area of about 750 square angstroms. The interaction site determined in this way is consistent with prior epitope mapping studies and includes several residues that were not previously identified. The hydrogen exchange labeling approach can be used to map binding sites on small proteins in antibody-antigen complexes and may be applicable to protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions in general.
Oxygen-18 Studies of Recent Planktonic Foraminifera: Comparisons of Phenotypes and of Test Parts
Authors: Hecht Alan D. , Savin Samuel M.
Published: October 2006

Oxygen isotopic comparisons of phenotypes of Recent Planktonic Foraminifera with both normal and diminutive final chambers are compatible with a model in which the latter develop as a response to environmental stress. Isotopic evidence shows that
Spheroidinella dehiscens
is probably not a late-stage, aberrant form of
Globogerinoides sacculifer
.
Aspartylphenylalanine Methyl Ester: A Low-Calorie Sweetener
Authors: Cloninger Marion R. , Baldwin Ruth E.
Published: October 2006

Sensory evaluation indicated that aspartylphenylalanine methyl ester is about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. Blends of this dipeptide with (i) sodium saccharin, (ii) sodium saccharin and sucrose, and (iii) sodium saccharin, sucrose, and calcium cyclamate did not differ significantly from 4 or 12 percent sucrose in bitterness, off-flavors, or aftertaste.
Measurement of Fast Biochemical Reactions
Authors: Schechter Alan N.
Published: October 2006

In the 4 years since Hammes reviewed, in this journal, the application of flow and relaxation techniques to the study of primary processes in chemical reactions these methods have been applied to a wide range of biochemical problems. These applications have been facilitated by advances in stopped flow and temperature jump instrumentation, especially with respect to the range of physical properties that may be observed during a reaction, and the availability of instruments.
Far-Ultraviolet Photography of Orion: Interstellar Dust
Authors: Henry Richard C. , Carruthers George R.
Published: October 2006

Wide-angle photography of Barnard's Loop Nebula suggests that the nebular emission is much less intense in the 1230- to 2100-angstrom spectral region than in the 2200- to 3200-angstrom near-ultraviolet region. This contrast may be due to differences in the absorption or scattering properties of the interstellar grains in these two wavelength regions.