bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hematological parameters in clinically normal Iraqi local breed goats
Authors: AL-Hadithy AH. H.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and  32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P<0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.
The post hatching development of the female genital system in Indigenous Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Authors: Al-Saffar F. J.
Published: July 2020

The current research aimed at obtaining principal data on the morphological developmental changes that could occur during the post hatching periods in the female genital system of the  Indigenous Mallard ducks and  to conduct that twenty (immature and mature) ducks were used. Gross findings have revealed that the left ovary in 4 weeks sold ducklings appeared small triangular in shape, located at the dorsal part of coelom in contact caudally with the cranial division of the left kidney and cranially with left lung. In 8 and 12 weeks the left ovary has enlarged showed prominent granular surface. The left oviduct appeared as thin, translucent straighten tube with unapparent regions fixed by a thin doubled folds of oviductal ligament and ureter. In mature and laying ducks, the left ovary was large and irregular in shape, and showed numerous follicles of different developmental stages. The mature and laying left oviduct was fully developed into six well distinguished regions (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, junction region and vagina). The present study has concluded that the first twelve weeks of post hatching periods had similar morphological features and showed inert genital organs which were not completely differentiated, while the age of twenty four weeks revealed completely differentiated female genital organs with sexual activity.
Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Metracaria chamomela on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Rabbits
Authors: Ali Alia Hussein
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to explain the effect of Ethanolic extract 70% of Metracaria chamomella on some physiological parameters in male rabbits. Twelve adult male rabbits were used in this study and were divided equally into two groups: First group was control (C) and received normal saline for four weeks, the second group (Treated group) was intubated orally with ethanolic extract of Metracaria chamomella in a dose 70 mg/kg B.W. for four weeks. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture from each animal at the end of experiment. Blood sample was divided into a part for hematological study and a part for biochemical analysis. The value of serum urea, and creatinine were reduced in animals that received Metracaria chamomella extract at dose of 70 mg/ kg B.W. as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Metracaria treated animal as compared with the control group. This study explained that there was significant increase in serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin in treated animals as compared with the control group. The value of total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were reduced significantly in animal received Metracaria chamomella extract while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly as compared with control group. While the effect of Metracaria chamomella extract on blood picture showed no changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value but showed significant decrease in platelet count, and significant   increase in white blood cell count as compared with control group. Over all this study explained that Metracaria chamomella extract had Reno protective and hypolipidimic effect in male rabbit.
A Prevalence of abomasal worms in sheep in AL-Kut province abattoir
Authors: AL-Dahar Anas H. H.
Published: July 2020

This study is carried out to determine the prevalence of abomasal nematodes of slaughtered sheep in AL-Kut province from the beginning of October 2013 to the March 2014. A total of 450 abomasum from sheep with different ages and sexes were collected and examined for nematodes detection. The results showed that 311 samples of examined sheep abomasal were infected with Haemonchus contortus. Ostertigia spp. and Parabronema skrjabini and the highest level of prevalence was showed in December (100%) and lowest level was recorded in March (43.47%) and the percentage of infected in young animals (92.35%) compared with adults while the females revealed a high prevalence (75.37%) as compared with males (66.5%). In conclusion, there was a significant effects for the month's ages and sexes on the prevalence of abomasal nematodes parasites.
Role of alcoholic extract of Roket (Eruca sativa) leaves on male reproduction of experimentally induced-oxidative stressed rats
Authors: AL-Okaily Baraa Najim
Published: July 2020

This study conducted to find out the protective role of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves against the deleterious effect of hydrogen peroxide on some aspect of male reproduction in adult rats. Forty adult male rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups as follows: control group received tap water (untreated); group T1 were received tap water containing 0.5% H2O2; group T2 were received tap water containing 0.5% H2O2 plus administration of 300 mg/kg. B.W. ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves and group T3 administration ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa leaves only at the same dose of group T2. All treatments continued for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, samples of tests and epididymis tissues were taken to prepare histological sections for                                                                                                                                                                                                       measurement the diameter of seminiferous tubules, thickness of epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules and histological examination of testes and epididymis. The results in Group T1 showed a significant decrease in the diameter and thickness of epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules, but these parameters clarified a significant increase in T2 and T3 groups as compared with T1 group. Histological sections of testis and epididymis in group T1 revealed incomplete spermatogenesis, cell debris, vacculation of Sertoli cells and view sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules and epididymis. Besides, normal obvious histological architecture of seminiferous tubules and epididymis with complete spermatogenesis were shown in sections of testis and epididymis of T2 and T3 groups' as compared to T1. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide may impair spermatogenesis, furthermore, the results confirm the protective role of E. sativa leaves extract against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rats.
Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium on pathogenic Candida albicans
Authors: Salman Ali Y.
Published: July 2020

This research aimed at studying the effect of different concentration of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium concentration against pathogenic Candida albicans isolated from clinical cases of diarrhea in cows and dogs in Baghdad province. Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Datura stramonium were prepared in different concentrations for In vitro and In vivo study against Candida albicans. In vitro test includes the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12 and 1.75mg/1ml), and it was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.12 mg/1ml. Whereas the in vivo test was performed for the determination of sensitivity test of Candida albicans in concentration of plant 10, 15 and 20 mg/1ml which was compared with same concentration of Nystatin. The study was performed in seven groups of mice according to different concentrations. The infective dose of Candida albicans was 1X108, which was proved by histopathology changes after eight day. The result obtained from invivo study revealed that after the end of the therapeutic period that lasted for 8 days. Confirm the efficacy of Datura stramonium extract at 20% as a treatment for mice infected with Candida albicans.
Effect of Force 6® Poultry on Infectious Bursal disease Virus in Vitro
Authors: . Ulaiwi Amjed H.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of force 6 poultry (conc.) in Log. of infectious bursal disease Virus on tissue culture and Virus, on Virus alone  and   on tissue culture alone. Different concentrations (0.5, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml) were used to consider the anti-viral activity. The result showed effect of force 6® poultry (conc.) in Log. of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus. On tissue culture and Virus, the results revealed higher value with more significant (P˂0.05) differences at concentration (0.5 µg/ml) than other concentrations and control; On Virus alone, it showed more significant (P˂0.05) differences at concentration (0.5 µg/ml) than concentration (50 µg/ml) which showed less value of Virus growth. And on tissue culture alone (chicken embryo fibroblast) it showed lesser value and significant (P˂0.05) differences than other concentrations. In conclusion, the main changes in tissue culture explained at concentration (0.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml) but not (12.5 µg/ml and control). This group also were more affected on Virus titer when compared with other than two groups (tissue culture and Virus and Virus alone).
Effect of acrylamide and fructose on some parameters related to metabolic syndrome in adult male rats
Authors: Khudiar Khalisa Khadhim
Published: July 2020

This study is designed to investigate the effect of acrylamide on some metabolic syndrome parameters in adult male rats relative to fructose. Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (ten rat/group) and treated for 60 days as follows: Control: Rats in this group were received distilled water orally, groups T1 and T2: rats of these groups were given orally 0.5 and 1mg/kg B.W acrylamide respectively. Animals in the fourth (T3) group were given 40% fructose in drinking water. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture technique at different periods 0, 30 and 60 day of the experiment for measuring serum concentration of the following parameters related to metabolic syndrome: Dyslipidemia (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol), uric acid and glutathione. The result revealed that oral intubation of two concentration of acrylamide or exposure of rats to 40% fructose in drinking water caused disturbance in lipid metabolism manifested by triacylglycerolemia, lowered high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, lowered serum uric acid and glutathione concentration with hyperuricemia. These functional changes were accompanied by structural changes in the kidney. Sections in rat's kidney showed renal damage manifested by desquamation and degeneration of epithelial cells of renal tubule as well as lymphocyte infiltration between renal tubules. The results of this study concluded that acrylamide succeeded to induce sever changes in parameters related to metabolic syndrome in rats as does the fructose (the well-known inducer of metabolic syndrome). According to the available literature it seems that this is the first study which showed the effect of acrylamide on some parameters related to metabolic syndrome.
Anatomical and histological study of the kidneys and salt glands in great flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus)
Authors: Reshag Ali Faris
Published: July 2020

This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in Great Flamingos. Eight adult healthy Great Flamingos of both sexes have been used. The results showed that the kidneys in Great Flamingos consist of three separated lobes. The right kidney was longer 8.9±0.3 mm than the left kidney 8.4±0.4mm. The ratio of the kidneys weight to the total body weight was 0.39%. The salt gland was very large crescent shape, and occupied the supraorbital fossa and has 20.8±0.2mm long and 3.9±0.2mm in diameter. The volume of cortex was 60-70% and the medulla was 30-40%. Within the middle region of cortex there were numerous large corpuscles (mammalian type) and few of small corpuscles (reptilian type). There was a variation between the means diameters of mammalian type 59±1µm and reptilian type 42±0.9µm. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and their means diameters were 46±0.9, 44±1 and 55.1±0.7µm, respectively. Within medulla the thick and thin segments were arranged at the peripheral zone of medullary cone while the collecting ducts were at the central part of cone and all were lined with simple cuboidal epithelium except thin segments were lined with squamous cells. The salt gland were consisted of lobules surrounded by thick connective tissue capsule and each has mass of branched tubuloacinar secretory unites. The latter were made up by single layer of cuboidal cells. The tubules lead into central duct lined by double layer of cuboidal cells while the main duct lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium. The secretory units of salt gland gave negative reaction to PAS and combined AB (pH 2.5) and PAS stains and this indicate the absence of neutral mucosubstances. The results concluded that the kidneys in great flamingo was small size organ with low relative weight in compare to birds size and the salt glands was active organ.
Seroprevelance study of Toxoplasma gondii in horses and camels animal in Wasit province
Authors: Asal Shoob Naser
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevelance of Toxoplasma gondii in camels and horses in Wasit province and to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in certain animals farm in Wasit province, also this study included the extent of the disease in camels and horses within two months starting from the January until February of 2015. A total of 184 samples were collected of them 92 horses and 92 camels. The results showed that the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in horses was 18.4%, in camels 20.6% and the infection percentage of females were more than that males in both horses and camels 21.1 and 20.2%, respectively. Also the present results revealed that younger animals infections were more than in older animals; as well, the percentage of infection in January was more than the incidence in February in each of the horses and camels.
Study on post-partum uterine involution by Ultrasonography and progesterone profile in local goats in Iraq
Authors: Hussain Souhayla O.
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to investigate and characteriz the time of uterine involution in local goats in Iraq by measuring the uterine diameter, uterine lumen (mm) and monitoring early post-partum ovarian activity as proved by Ultrasonography and progesterone assessment in local goats. 15 goats were submitted to examine from day 3 to 40 after kidding by Ultrasonography. Trans abdominal ultrasound approach was performed from day 3 to 5 after kidding and continued by trans rectal approach to follow up the uterine involution until day 40. Progesterone levels were measured starting from day of parturition, then a weekly measure until day 34 of post-partum period. Progesterone was assayed by Radio immune assay. The obtained results showed that complete of uterine involution started at day 26 (6.67) % and completed at day 34 post-partum in all does (100%). on the other hand involution of the uterus was completed at day 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33 after parturition  with a percentage of 6.67%, 13.34%, 33.34%, 40%, 46.67%, 66.67%, 73.34% and 80% respectively. Average uterine lumen (mm) from days 3-7, 8- 14, 15- 21, 22- 28, 29 -35 and 36-40 were 9.02, 5.82, 5.14, 3.51, 2.66, and 2.0 (mm) respectively. Average uterine diameter (mm) was 40.25, 33.9, 31.4, 25.57, 20 .15 and 16.35 at day 3-7, 8- 14, 15-28, 29-35 and 36-40 respectively. Regarding progesterone profile, results indicated that the mean value of the hormone was 0.267±0.005 ng /ml at parturition and the values were 0.320±0.007, 0.414±00.5, 0.536 ±0.013, and 1.945 ±0.129 ng/ ml at day 7, 14, 21 and day 30, respectively. It could be concluded that Ultrasonography image proved to be a valuable and safe tool in monitoring uterine involution and measuring of progesterone is a precise biological marker for the detection of resumption of ovarian cyclist during post-partum period.
Histological morphology and pathological changes in liver of rats naturally infected with larval stage Cysticercus fasciolaris of Taeniae taeniaeformis
Authors: Al-Taee Eman H.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to describe the morphology of Cysticercus fasciolaris by using light microscopy, and the pathological changes in the liver of rats naturally infected. A total of 50 liver specimens of local rats (Wister rats) were collected for examination. The gross lesions showed the presence of single or multiple cysts. Microscopic findings revealed the presence of larvae within the cysts which represent the larvae Cysticercus fasciolaris of the adult parasite Taeniae taeniaeformis which inhabited the small intestine of the domestic cats surrounded by fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells (mononuclear cells and plasma cells). These lesions cause pressure atrophy to the adjacent hepatic parenchyma. In advanced hepatic infection there is a tendency to undergo neoplastic changes (fibroma). Other pathological lesions seen in the liver parenchyma were necrosis, apoptosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the portal area, in addition; to formation of early granulomas with congestion of blood vessels which contain neutrophiles in their lumina with extensive area of hemorrhages in liver parenchyma. In conclusion the C. fasciolaris infction induce hepatic neoplasia in rat livers (fibroma) in advance cases of heavy infection, which could be developed to fibrosarcoma in future.
Molecular characterization of field isolates of Avian Infectious Laryngeotracheitis Virus from different farms in Iraq
Authors: Allawe Aida Bara
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to detect virulent isolates of avian infectious laryngeotracheitis virus in Iraq by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction with the amplification of glycoprotein G gene which is responsible for virulence of the virus. Seventy samples (larynx and trachea) were collected from different farms in Iraq to investigate presence of avian infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (detection of virulent isolates from other vaccine strains). Five samples out of seventy samples were virulent isolates (positive result) by using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction utilizing flurescein amidite labeled probe specific for detection of isolates that have G gene (by amplification of G gene) for the first time in Iraq. These virulent isolates were negative by using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction utilizing Quasar-labeled probe specific for the detection of attenuated isolates that lack G gene and targeted a region within glycoprotein J downstream from the sequence of glycoprotein G.
Determination of some biochemical parameters in clinically healthy and anemic dromedary camels
Authors: AH. Al-Hadithy H.
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted on 150 healthy and 102 diagnosed iron deficient anemic camels to determine serum iron, total iron binding capacity, unbound iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, copper and cobalt concentrations. The normal (81 males and 69 females) and anemic (48 males and 54 females) groups both aged between 1-15 years in Najaf governorate- Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins into plain tubes during the period November 2014 until May 2015, and the separated sera were used for the measurement of studied parameters. Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE in normal and anemic camels were as follows; Serum iron concentration was 7.37-19.48 μmol/L and 12±0.22 μmol/L, 1.52-15.70 μmol/L and 8.43±0.21 μmol/L, respectively, TIBC 73.80-108.47 μmol/L and 89.19±0.7 μmol/L, 93.12-135.32 μmol/L and 111.28±1.02 μmol/L, respectively, UIBC 57.5-95.25 μmol/L and 76.5±0.74 μmol/L, 83.27-125.69 μmol/L and 102±1.06 μmol/L, respectively, TS% 7.80- 24.04 %  and 14.3 ±0.27%, 1.22-14.79% and 7.6±0.21%, respectively, serum copper 6.28-16.5 μmol/L and 11±0.2 μmol/L, 3.67-12.40 μmol/L and 7±0.19 μmol/L, respectively and serum cobalt 0.84-6.78 μmol/L and 3±0.13 μmol/L, 0.42-6.42 μmol/L and 2.67±0.16 μmol/L, respectively. However, There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum iron, TS% and copper. While, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum TIBC and UIBC of anemic camels in comparison with normal control. The cobalt concentrations were almost similar in both groups. The present data recorded reference ranges and mean values of specific biochemical parameters in clinically normal and anemic camels with significant differences between them.
Effect of selenium and melatonin on some parameters Related to metabolic syndrome induced by Acryl amide in male rats (Part I)
Authors: Khudair Khalisa Khadim
Published: July 2020

This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of sodium selenite and melatonin on   acryl amide induced metabolic syndrome in adult male rats. Twenty (20) adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and were treated orally for seven weeks G1, (control group) was given distilled water, G2 were given orally 1mg/kg /B.W of Acryl amide, G3 group received 1mg/kg /B.W of Acryl amide followed by 0.5 mg/Kg/ B.W. of sodium selenite orally. G4 group received 1 mg/kg /B.W of acryl amide (orally) followed by 8 mg/Kg/ B.W. melatonin (IP/ injection). Fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at (0, 7 weeks) of the experiment for measuring serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and serum uric acid, in addition to measuring waist circumference .The results showed an occurrence of central obesity, hyper uricemia, dyslipidemia (hyper cholesterolemia, triacyleglycerolemia and lowered high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration) in acryl amide treated animals. The results also indicated the alleviation of the changes in the above- mentioned parameters related to metabolic syndrome by sodium selenite and melatonin through lowering central obesity, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, elevation of serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowering in serum uric acid.
Morphological and histochemical features of the cloaca of Turkey hen Meleagris Gallopavo
Authors: Mohammed Lamees Ezaldeen
Published: July 2020

The study includes six adult healthy hen turkey. The cloaca has three compartments separated by two circular folds and next to rectum is the coprodeum which the largest and measured (2.5±0.2cm) in length and (2.1±0.1cm) in diameter. The middle and smallest is the urodeum that measured about (1.01±0.2cm) in length and (1.2±1cm.) in diameter, that receives the ureter and left oviduct. Posteriorly, the proctodeum that measured about (1.4±0.1cm) in length and (1.6±1cm.) in diameter. The coprodeum mucosa has short and flat villi. The urodeum mucosa has tall branching pyramidal mucosal villi. The mucosa of proctodeum has lost the villi pattern. The three compartments were lined with mucous secreting columnar cells, most of these epithelial cells were positive for Alcian blue (2.5pH) stain and few were positive for PAS stain. The epithelial tubular glands showed positive reaction for Alcian blue satin only. The lamina propria of these compartments was cellular loose connective tissue displayed numerous of lymphatic nodules. The muscular mucosa is lost in proctodeum only. Tunica muscular is composed of two layers of smooth muscles fibers in coprodeum and urodeum and turned into skeletal type in proctodeum. The mean height of mucosal villi has significantly increased in urodeum.
Isolation of some species of fungi from fecal samples in Zawraa Park Zoo in Baghdad
Authors: I. Al‐Ameed Aseel
Published: July 2020

Fecal samples were collected from eleven animal species, representing, different species. Samples were collected from cages before daily cleaning, in clean container, the sample was homogenized in tube contain sterile saline and kept for 30 min. and transferring 1 ml of the supernatant into Sabouraud Dextrose broth and incubate at 25-30˚C for two weeks, then 0.1 ml were seeded in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (50 mg/l). Results indicates high percents isolate for Geotrichum candidium (70.90%) of all animals,  the high percents was from Porcupines, Kangaroos, Camels, and ponies (100%), followed by Wolves, Lamas, Dogs, Monkys, Mountain goats, Deers and Lions (83.33, 75, 66.66, 66.66, 50, 28.57 and 20)% respectively. The second high percent isolate was Rhizopus spp. (43.63%) reported in Porcupine, Kangaroo, Camels and Lions was 100% of isolates, followed by Pony (50%), Lama (33.33%), Deers (28.57%) and Monkys (25%). Also Aspergillus niger were isolates (3.63%), from Monkys (8.33%) and from deers (14.28%) while Aspergillus flavus isolates were (1.81) from Wolves (16.66%) and Fusarium spp. isolates (1.81%), from Wolves (16.66%). The results indicated that zoo animals may consider as a source of infection and transmission of fungi.
Antibacterial ativity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro
Authors: Salih Ahmad N. A. , Eesa Mohammad J.
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves aqueous extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible – spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Well diffusion method was used to show the antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro in comparison with standard antibacterial silver sulfadiazine by using different concentrations of each agent ranged from 12.5-200 μg/ml. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in eco-friendly and easy process and UV-Visible absorption spectra of the silver nanoparticles revealed maximum absorbance at 420 and 430 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis demonstrated the mean of the silver particles diameter was 26 nm. The antibacterial findings of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective than silver sulfadiazine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It could be concluded that olive leaves extract can be used effectively in the production of silver nanoparticles and these synthesized nanoparticles had considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.
Histological changes in pituitary-testes axis in rats exposed to cadmium chloride: Protective role of Eruca sativa seeds
Authors: Al-Okaily Baraa Najim
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Eruca sativa seeds against changes of pituitary and testes in cadmium treated rats. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into 4 equal groups and treated for 8 weeks as follow: The first group was given distilled water and used as a control group. The second group (G1) was administered tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride. Animals in third group (G2) received tap water containing Cadmium chloride as in G1 plus 250 mg/Kg B.W ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds, while rats in fourth group (G3) administered 250 mg/Kg B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds only. After 8 weeks of experiment the animals were anesthetized, the pituitary and testes were excised for histological studies. Results showed that cadmium chloride intake caused severe alterations in the pituitary gland manifested by a marked  apoptotic  cells  of  pars distalis, accompanied with marked necrosis leading to left large multiple spaces in their parenchyma. Whereas testes revealed shrinkage, irregular arrangement of seminiferous tubules and increase intertubular spaces. A considerable changes was also found in the seminiferous tubules with loss most of their epithelial layer and filled with cellular debris, incomplete spermatogenesis, congested blood vessels and few Leydig's cells. Administration of Eruca sativa extract reduce the deleterious effects of cadmium chloride on pituitary gland as well as more or less complete spermatogenesis process with thickness of interstitial tissue in most of seminiferous tubules. It could be suggested that the antioxidant properties of Eruca sativa extract protects the deleterious histological damage induced by cadmium chloride in adult rats.
Role of aqueous extract of Crocus sativus to improvement of sexual dysfunctions induced by imipramine in male mice
Authors: Askar Salma J.
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out to focus light on the possible improvement and enhancement of functional performance of male mice sexual activities by using the aqueous extract of Crocus sativus. Several  pharmaceutical drugs affect sexual activities and upset the sexual desire sequence that can lead to impotence or loss libido, example of these drugs are tricyclic antidepressant such as imipramine. To achieve this goal, twenty adult albino male mice were used, which were randomly divided into equal four experimental groups. The first group was given 10 mg/kg B.W. imipramine, the second group was given 100 mg/kg B.W. aqueous extract of Crocus sativus, and the third group was given 100 mg/ kg B.W. Crocus sativus aqueous extract and 10 mg/ kg B.W. imipramine, while the fourth group served as control, which was given D.W.  In all groups the doses were given orally by stomach tube at 0.1 ml/10 g. B.W. for 30 days. The recorded parameters were; latency of copulation (second), frequency of copulation (per-hour), and duration of copulation (second). At day thirty blood samples were collected to determine the hormonal levels of luteinizing and testosterone hormones and the  testis were obtained for  histopathological processing .The results of sexual activity measured parameters showed  significant decrease (P<0.05) in latency of copulation and significant increase in both frequency of copulation, and duration of copulation in the groups given aqueous extract of Crocus sativus and that given aqueous extract of Crocus sativus and imipramine  as compared with  imipramine  and control groups. While results of hormonal levels showed significant increase (P<0.05) in both groups of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and imipramine as compared with imipramine only and control groups. On bases of these results, it can be concluded that the sexual activities of male mice given imipramine tend to be improved and returned when administered with aqueous extract of Crocus sativus.
Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goat in Al-Qadisiyah province/ Iraq
Authors: Alkhaled Mansoor Jadaan Ali
Published: July 2020

The present study was conducted during the period from September 2015 until February 2016. 100 fecal samples were collected from 60 sheep and 40 goats for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parasite from diverse areas in Al-Qadisiyah province. The study amid to know the genetic characters of Cryptosporidium spp. parasite by using a molecular technique such as the nested polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analyzed by phylogenetic tree to identify the parasite species. This study was done on the sheep and goat at first time in the middle region of Iraq and the identified species were recorded in NCBI-Genbank database. In sheep, the results of positive infected samples was (40%) while, in the goats were (32.5%), the DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis method based on small ribosomal RNA gene (18s rRNA) for Cryptosporidium species typing. The results were conducted by Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree analysis method and the 18s rRNA gene sequences were confirmed by using NCBI-BLAST data analysis in order to compare with NCBI submitted selected references isolates of (18s ribosomal RNA) gene in Cryptosporidium spp. parasites. Our finding in present study appeared to follow spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. andersoni, C. ubiquitum, C. xiaio and C. suis). These identified species which primary affected sheep and goats as mentioned in previous studies when compared with newly Iraq isolates strains.
Morpho-histological comparative study of the liver in White-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis), Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), and Gull (Larus canus)
Authors: Al-Khazraji Khalid Ibrahim Abd
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to compare some of anatomical features and histological structure of the liver in three species of birds that varied in their size, taxonomy, and food environment. The study revealed that the liver in the mallard, gull and white-eared bulbul was bilobed big gland, and the left lobe was smaller than the right one. It was observed that the two lobes in mallard were undivided, while the right lobe in gull has two parts, whereas the left lobe in white-eared bulbul is subdivided into two parts. Histologically, the liver capsule in gull appeared thicker than other two species. The hepatic parenchyma was not shown to be clearly defined lobules in three species. The hepatocytes were organized radially around the central vein as plates or cords of one-two cell thick in mallard and gull, and of two-several cell thick in white-eared bulbul, and those plates were separated by blood sinusoids. It turned out that the hepatic portal triads were less numerous in white-eared bulbul compared with other two species. It was found that there are differences in measurements of some histological structures of the liver among the three species.
Histomorphological study of the spleen in indigenous Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa)
Authors: Mirhish S. M.
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histomorphometrical features of spleen in gazelle. To achieve this goal, spleens of 7 animals were used. The gross aspect of the study revealed that the spleen of gazelle appeared dark brown in color with elliptical shape and was situated at the left lateral surface of the rumen. It occupied the area extended from the 8th rib to 11th rib. Length and width of the spleens were calculated and the mean were 7.94±0.1, 5.88±0.2 respectively. There were three ligaments connected the spleen with adjacent structures, namely splenogastric, splenorenal and splenophrenic. The blood supply of the spleen was studied using X-rays and resin injection methods. The splenic artery was divided into three primary branches, each one subdivided into two secondary branches. The latter branched into tertiary branches which were distributed all over the splenic parenchyma. Microscopic findings showed that the capsule of spleen in gazelle was composed from of two layers, the outer one made of mainly of dense connective tissue; whereas the inner layer of capsule consisted of connective tissue fibers in addition to abundance of smooth muscle fibers interweaving among them. The total mean thickness of the capsule was 210.51+8.3 µm. The splenic parenchyma in gazelle consisted of white pulp represented by lymphoid follicles with their marginal zones and periarterial lymphatic sheath while the red pulp represented by splenic cords and sinusoids. The area of white pulp in the gazelle comprised about 9.6% of the spleen parenchyma. Red pulp composed mainly from cords of connective tissue and small sinuses or sinusoids filled with blood cellular element which extended among these cords and was lined by flattened endothelial cells with relatively large spaces or slits between them. The sinusoids were found to be lymphocytes, reticular, plasma, macrophages and occasional megakaryocytes whereas the megakaryocyte appeared large with acidophilic cytoplasm and dark elongated multilobated nucleus. This research work was performed in order to establish the basic histomorphological information helpful for the veterinary medical practice and veterinary surgions to developing their work on gazelle like designing the approach of some surgical operations like spleenectomy or any surgical entrance may be needed in these animal species.
The differences in sensitivity and specificity between three different kits for the detection Rotavirus
Authors: Abed Modher Nagem
Published: July 2020

Rotavirus is the common key etiologic agents of attained diarrhea in infant, young children and neonatal calves globally. It is very important to early diagnose the disease in purpose of effective patient treatment. This study was conducted by using three different kits for detecting Rotavirus in calves in five Iraqi governorates (Al-qadissiya, Babel, Kerbala, Missan, Wassit). A total of 125 stool specimens were examined, they were collected from calves in the (period from November 2015 to February 2016). The ages ranged from 1 to 16 weeks. Stool samples were collected and examined using Chromatographic Immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Polymerase-chain reaction. The results obtained by chromatographic immunoassay were 44% positive, ELISA 42% positive, and 38% Polymerase-chain reaction positive. Chromatographic immunoassay was easy, simple, economic, and rapid and showed high sensitivity with accepted specificity while ELISA permit quantitative estimation of Rotavirus antigens. These results indicate that ELISA is as sensitive and specific assay as the chromatographic immunoassay, and it could be applied on a large scale for screening stool specimens in suspected rotavirus diarrhea. Conventional Polymerase-chain reaction demonstrated more sensitivity and highest specificity.
Anatomical and histological changes in the spleen of post hatching indigenous chicken in Iraq
Authors: Hamza Rabab Adnan
Published: July 2020

The structure of the indigenous chickens spleen during the post-hatching period was determined by gross and light microscopical examination by using Hematoxylin and eosin and Massons Trichrome staining techniques. At one day old chicks the spleen was rounded in shape, pink in color. At two weeks old chicks the spleen was triangular in shape. At the progress of the aged the color of spleen became red-brown. In all ages the spleen consisted of white pulp and red pulp which were fused together. The spleen was encapsulated by thin connective tissue capsule contain few smooth muscles, the trabiculi were rare and thin. The red pulp consisted of venous sinuses surrounded by lymphatic cords. The white pulp consisted of peri-artery lymphoid sheath, peri-venous lymphoid sheath, peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, and Lymphatic follicles. The appearance of these elements was age dependant. At the first week of age the peri-artery lymphoid sheath and peri-venous lymphoid sheath were developed. At the third week, the peri ellipsoid lymphoid sheath, Lymphatic follicles were noticed and the plasma cells were scattered in the white pulp in addition to the lymphocytes. At one month of age, the germinal center appeared in some lymphatic follicle. The present study revealed that the spleen was well developed lymphatic organ at the age of three weeks.
First Report of Three kinds of Mycotoxins Dioxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Fumonisin B2 in Seeds of Seven Wheat Cultivars in Iraq.
Authors: Minati Mohammed Hussein
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to detect and quantify three mycotoxins Dioxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Fumonisin B2 in seeds of seven wheat cultivars planted in 17 wheat fields in Basra province, Iraq. This was done by using High Performance Liquid chromatographs analysis. The results revealed that Fumonisin B2 was the predominant mycotoxin, which present in 10 fields. The lowest concentration rate of this mycotoxin was 110 µg/Kg and the maximum was 11,228 µg/Kg. Dioxynivalenol as a trichothecene was in the second level detected in 6 fields with a minimum concentration of 8 µg/Kg and a maximum of 1,060 µg/Kg. Nivalenol was found only in 4 fields ranging from 272-1900 µg/Kg. Fumonisin B2 Only three fields showed co-occurrence of two mycotoxins (Fumonisin B2 and Nivalenol) in each, but with various concentration rates. The seven cultivars tested in this study were varied in their reactions to subjected mycotoxins. Adana 99 (A. 99) cultivar showed the highest concentration rate of both Fumonisin B2 and Nivalenol, which present with average percentage of 64% and 58% respectively. While, for Dioxynivalenol, Ebaa 99 (E.99) was on the top, it occurred in 6 fields ranging from 8-1060 µg/Kg with an average percentage of 43%.
Effect of Betaine on Hepatic and Renal Functions in Acrylamide Treated Rats.
Authors: Ramadhan Sadiq jaffer
Published: July 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative role of betaine on hepatic and renal dysfunction caused by acrylamide in female rats. Thirty two (32) adult female rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and were treated for (65) days as following: Group G1 (Control group), G2: rats were intubated 250mg/kg B.W of betaine; animals in group G3 were intubated 1mg/kg B.W of acrylamide, in addition to acrylamide. 250mg/kg B.W of betaine were administered orally to rats in groups G4. Fasting (8-12 hrs.) blood samples were collected by cardio puncture technique at the end of the experiment, serum were collected for measuring the following parameters A: liver enzyme makers; serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)  B; renal function parameters including: serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration. The hepato and renal protective effect of betaine was clarified in groups (G2 and G4) manifested by significant decrease in serum, ALT, AST and ALP activity, as well as  significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration comparing to acrylamide (G3) treated group. Such functional changes were accompanied with structural (histopathological) alteration in hepatic and renal tissue. In conclusion, the results of the current study documented the negative effect of acrylamide on liver and kidney function and documented hepatorenal protective effect of betaine.
Light microscopic study on the absorptive cells and goblet cells in the intestine of adult common carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Kadhim Khalid Hadi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe of some histological structures and histochemical features of the absorptive cells and goblet cells in intestine of common carp. In this study, Fifteen adult male common carp were catching alive from the AL-Forat river, with age about (7 - 12) months and mean of their weight was (2100 ± 81 g) and mean standard length was (50.4 ± 3.1 cm), immediately after death.Incision was made through the midventral line of the fish just from cranial to the anus to expose the intestine, specimens of intestine were taken and washed with (0.9 %) normal saline solution. Ten samples were obtained from different regions of each portion of the intestine (anterior, middle and posterior), fixed by either 10% neutral buffered formalin or Bouin’s solution approximately 24 hours at room temperature and then treated by routine histological processing. The stains were used, Hematoxylin and Eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue pH 2.5, and Combinated Alcian blue PH 2.5 plus periodic acid Schiff. The Mean number, height and width of mucosal folds were measured and counts of goblet cells in the mucosal folds of each portion of the intestine. The results showed that the intestinal epithelium is simple columnar, the enterocytes were tall columnar cells with brush border; goblet cells were ovoid, located between the enterocytes. The folds composed of the entire thickness of the mucosa,  mean number, height and width of the mucosal folds were few in posterior portion of intestine compare with that in other portions. The anterior portion of the intestine has largest number of mucosal folds, while has less number of goblet cells compare to middle and posterior portions of the intestine. The epithelial cells stained red-purple by periodic acid Schiff stain with Alcian blue, the goblet cells were take positive reaction with periodic acid Schiff stain, and with Alcian blue plus periodic acid Schiff, while negative with only Alcian blue stain. Glycoprotein staining intensity varied from very weak to moderate, whereby the presence of neutral, acidic and sulphatedglycoconjugates. In conclusion, numbers of goblet cells were observed to be increased towards posterior portion of intestine required as lubricant for fecal expulsion, and reversed relation between number of the folds and goblet cells.