bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Sentimen Pengguna Mobil Listrik di Media Sosial Twitter Menggunakan Metode Klasifikasi Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), dan Decision Tree
Authors: Prasetyo Teguh , Adhyaksa Waskita Arya , Taryo Taswanda
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sentimen pengguna kendaraan listrik dengan menggunakan tiga algoritma klasifikasi machine learning, yaitu Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, dan K-Nearest Neighbors. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari platform media sosial Twitter yang dikenal dengan jumlah data yang besar dan beragam. Objek penelitian adalah opini publik yang diungkapkan di Twitter, dengan subjek berupa tweet yang dikumpulkan menggunakan Twitter API, menghasilkan 2000 data, dengan 1869 data bersih setelah preprocessing. Analisis data meliputi ekstraksi teks dan preprocessing, yang mencakup pembersihan data, tokenisasi, penghilangan stopword, dan stemming. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi sentimen sebagai berikut: sentimen netral mendominasi dengan 53.5% dari total tweet, diikuti sentimen positif sebesar 35.8%, dan sentimen negatif sebesar 10.7%. Di antara model yang diuji, Decision Tree dengan embedding TF/IDF menunjukkan kinerja terbaik, mencapai akurasi 66%, sedangkan Decision Tree dengan embedding Word2Vec memiliki kinerja terendah dengan akurasi 46%. Sementara itu, KNN dengan embedding TF/IDF menunjukkan kinerja yang cukup baik dengan akurasi 58%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan KNN dengan embedding Word2Vec yang mencapai akurasi 57%. Naïve Bayes dengan embedding TF/IDF menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 53%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan Naïve Bayes dengan embedding Word2Vec yang memiliki akurasi 48%. Meskipun terdapat variasi di antara algoritma dan word embedding yang digunakan, tidak ada metode yang secara konsisten mengklasifikasikan sentimen di semua bidang. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam memetakan sentimen tentang penggunaan kendaraan listrik melalui analisis data dari media sosial dan memberikan wawasan tentang efektivitas berbagai algoritma machine learning dan word embedding dalam analisis sentimen.
Dimensions of Myth and Migration in Amitav Ghosh’s -Gun Island
Authors: K. Nayana , K. T. Manjula
Published: February 2025

Gun Island combines elements of myth and migration, crafting a narrative that connects the past with the present. The novel reimagines the myth of Manasa Devi and the merchant Chand Sadagar, situating this myth within the modern-day context of global migration and climate change. Deen Datta, the protagonist, and an antiquarian book dealer, sets off on a journey from the Sundarbans to Venice. Throughout this journey, ancient myths echo the current realities, emphasizing the environmental and socio-political factors fueling today’s migration crises. Ghosh draws clear parallels between the mythical quests of the past and the dangerous routes traversed by present-day migrants. The narrative delves into themes of displacement, resilience, and the pursuit of belonging. It presents various characters, including refugees, scholars, and activists, each navigating a world where myth and reality intersect. By intertwining these elements, Ghosh creates a space where characters struggle with their identities and destinies. This merging of myth and reality enriches the story, encouraging readers to consider the impact of narratives in shaping our perception of the world and our role within it. In Gun Island, Ghosh critiques the socio-political forces that drive people from their homes while highlighting the human spirit's enduring strength. The novel underscores the recurring patterns of history and the interconnectedness of human experiences, offering a thought-provoking reflection on the factors that shape human existence.
How Can New Quality Productivity Drive the High-quality Construction of Golf Cities?
Authors:   Tianjin University of Commerce,Golfzon China, HOU Guohua
Published: February 2025

Since 2014, the number of golf courses in China has decreased from 689 to 428, and will continue to decrease due to environmental protection, land policies and other factors. A variety of practical problems have restricted the development of golf in China and need to be solved urgently. In September 2024, GOLFZON China Digital City Golf Course (DCGC) was launched at the Meijiang International Convention and Exhibition Center in Tianjin, becoming the world' s first urban golf course. As a model of innovation and innovation of digital high-tech and traditional golf, it provides a Chinese-style. innovative solution to solve the development problems of golf in China. At the same time, the TGL League in the United States was postponed due to venue issues, while the China Urban Indoor Golf Open will be held as scheduled at the Tianjin Urban Golf Course, demonstrating the strong potential and advantages of the Chinese model of driving high-quality development of Chinese cities with new quality productivity. Through literature research, logical analysis data analogy and so no analysis, if China' s golf industry can reach the average level of developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and South Korea, it will need to build at least 6, 320 urban golf courses, which will require over 100, 000 urban golf simulators, creating millions of jobs, driving billions of consumption, and bringing up to one trillion economic output value. This new type of urban golf course uses advanced digital technology to simulate the 98% of the golf course area, while retaining less than 2% of the traditional golf course area. It provides more people with the opportunity to experience golf with lower investment, cost, and time costs, and becomes a key measure to implement the national golf and serve the new era of intelligence.
Research Progress on Forest Carbon Sequestration Measurement based on Different Accounting Scenarios
Authors:   College of Environmental Science and Engineering, WANG Xuan
Published: February 2025

The use of forest carbon storage function to offset carbon emissions has become the main way to achieve the dual carbon goal. Based on domestic and foreign literature and standards, this paper discusses the measurement methods and applicability of forest carbon sequestration in three dimensions: GEP accounting, greenhouse gas inventory compilation and forestry carbon sequestration projects. The results show that: (1) Based on the purpose of compilation: the greenhouse gas inventory focuses on assessing the carbon sequestration intensity of regional forests and serves the carbon emission reduction policy; GEP accounting reflects the production and service capacity of forest carbon sequestration activities through economic means; Forestry carbon sequestration projects form. offset products through artificial carbon sequestration measures to participate in carbon emission reduction. (2) based on the value level; Greenhouse gas inventories reflect the natural carbon absorption capacity of forests, i. e. , ecological values; The GEP accounting and forestry carbon sequestration projects reflect economic value by assessing carbon sequestration intensity or participating in market transactions in combination with carbon prices. (3) Based on the measurement method of carbon sequestration: the calculation of carbon sequestration in the GEP accounting methodology is mainly based on carbon flux data, including the carbon sequestration rate method and the plant production function parameter method. The compilation of greenhouse gas inventories is mainly based on the carbon stock change method, supplemented by the carbon flux method. In the forestry carbon sequestration project, the carbon sequestration is measured by comparing the carbon storage changes of the project with the baseline scenario, and the calculation method and parameter selection of carbon storage are similar to the compilation of greenhouse gas inventory. Through the comparative analysis of the three accounting systems, it can provide a reference for the selection of forest carbon sequestration measurement methods, and better promote climate change response and ecological protection.
The Evolution of Thematic Communities in International Political Communication across Four Eras:From the Age of Innocence to the Conquest of Digital Networks
Authors:   School of Journalism and Communication, MA Shiyu , WEI Baoyuan ,   School of Journalism and Communication, ZHAO Tianfang ,   School of Journalism and Communication,AGI Media Center, Jinan University
Published: February 2025

The global order is shaped by the power dynamics and discourse competition among major nations. Within this context, international political communication is pivotal in shaping modern international relations. However, few studies have examined the evolution and themes of international political communication through large-scale literature and long-term temporal analysis. This study employs network mining methods to conduct a longitudinal analysis of political communication research spanning 28 years in the Web of Science database. It identifies 11 key themes, including public opinion, political participation, media coverage, and disinformation. The findings reveal that since 1995, with the expansion of the internet, political communication entered an “Age of Innocence, ” characterized by an abundance of high-quality studies and an expanding academic landscape. As the information society matured, the initial optimism about “the Messiah of Democracy” began to wane, marking the transition to a second phase, often referred to as the “Age of Disillusionment. ” The third Age is claimed as “the golden age of social networks”, online public opinion and social media emerged as primary focuses of political communication. As to the “Conquest of the Digital Network Era”, a surge of novel topics has emerged, although research on the universality of classical theories and concepts has comparatively slowed. Across these four eras, persistent dialectics and dialogues highlight the ongoing development of political communication.
The Role of Health Assistants and Paramedics in Emergency Referrals: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness and Challenges
Authors: ALDAWSSARI TURKI MOHSEN M , M ALOSIMI FAISAL KHASHMAN , ALSHAMMARI HUSSAIN MUTREB H , ALSAHMAH SULTAN MESFER FARAJ , ALSUBAIE KHALED MESFER B
Published: February 2025

This systematic review explores the role of health assistants and paramedics in emergency referrals, assessing their effectiveness, challenges, and impact on patient outcomes. As key providers in prehospital care, their ability to stabilize patients, facilitate communication, and ensure timely referrals significantly influences healthcare efficiency. The review synthesizes recent studies to evaluate their contributions, identifying factors that enhance or hinder emergency referral processes. Findings highlight the importance of specialized training, resource availability, and policy support in optimizing emergency medical services. Recommendations focus on strengthening workforce capabilities,integrating technology, and improving coordination between prehospital and hospital-based care.
Enhanced Dengue Fever Prediction in India through Deep Learning with Spatially Attentive LSTMs
Authors: D Usha , L Jesmalar , Nagoor Meeravali Noorbasha , B.Suthar Mihirkumar , J Rajeswari , Sridevi Pothumarthi , T Vengatesh
Published: February 2025

This research intends to forecast dengue fever occurrences in India using machine learningmethods. A dataset comprising weekly dengue occurrences at the state level in India from 2017 to2024 was sourced from the India Open Data website and contains factors such as climate, geography,and demographics. Six distinct long short-term memory (LSTM) models were created and assessedfor dengue forecasting in India: LSTM, stacked LSTM (S-LSTM), LSTM with temporal attention(TA-LSTM), S-LSTM with temporal attention (STA-LSTM), LSTM with spatial attention (SALSTM), and S-LSTM with spatial attention (SSA-LSTM). The models were trained and tested on adataset of monthly dengue occurrences in India from 2017 to 2024, aiming to predict the number ofdengue cases using various climate, topographic, demographic, and land-use factors.
Semen Characteristics and Protein Contents in SeminalPlasma of Vechur Bulls
Authors: Xavier Sophia , Harshan Hiron M , C Jayakumar , Chacko Leeba , M Shynu , Kurian Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

The present investigation was carried out to study the semen characteristics of Vechur bulls. A total of 36 ejaculates collected from six Vechur bulls were studied. The overall mean ejaculate volume, colour, pH, mass activity, progressive sperm motility and total seminal plasma protein concentrations were analysed. The mean ejaculate volume noted was 2.26 ± 0.36 mL, colour of semen ranged from milky to thick milky, pH was 6.87 ± 0.02, density from DDD to DDDD,  mass activity +++ to ++++ and sperm progressive motility was 78.1 ± 1.05 %. Significant differences in ejaculate volume, mass activity, progressive sperm motility and live sperms were observed among the bulls. The mean protein content of seminal plasma was 84.10 ± 2.73 mg/mL. On SDS-PAGE analysis, 20 proteins bands of varying intensities were observed within the range of 10-180 kDa and preponderance of lower molecular weight proteins was recorded.
Effectiveness of Giemsa and Modified Trypan Blue-GiemsaStaining for the Assessment of Acrosome Integrity in Bull andBuck semen
Authors: Ruthrakumar Ravichandran , Sabarinathan Murugan , Dhanush Manokaran , Kalaiyarasan Venkatachalam , Gopikrishnan Duraisamy , Palanisamy Mahakrishnan , Selvaraju Mani
Published: February 2025

The estimation of acrosomal integrity is crucial for predicting the fertility of spermatozoa. The semen quality analysis  demands assessment techniques to be reliable, quick and easy to perform for routine application in semen station. A study  was conducted to assess the acrosomal integrity of Kangayam cattle and Salem Black goat using Giemsa stain and modified  Trypan Blue-Giemsa stain. For this procedure, 70 numbers of frozen semen straws of Kangayam bull and Salem Black bucks  were stained. The staining quality and acrosomal integrity were assessed at the interval of 3, 5 and 24 hours interval up to 5  days, and evaluated as acrosomal intact and non-intact spermatozoa. In Kangayam bull semen, the quality of the staining  was good and better in trypan blue – Giemsa stain than Giemsa alone but for Salem Black buck semen Giemsa showed  better staining quality than trypan blue – Giemsa combination. However, the working solution of Giemsa once prepared can  be used for 4 days but the trypan blue-Giemsa stain can be used for only 24 hours once prepared. Hence, stain is required  to be prepared on daily basis for routine semen evaluation in semen stations. As a conclusion trypan blue – Giemsa staining  method is recommended for better staining of acrosome in bull semen and Giemsa alone in Buck semen.
Assessment of Indigenous and Crossbred Cattle Bull’s SeminalCharacteristics
Authors: Vorikollu Sai krishna , Singh Lakavath Ram , Ramana Kudikilla Venkata , Reddy Kankanalapally Jagan Mohan
Published: February 2025

The present investigation on cattle bull semen was undertaken at Frozen Semen Bull Station, Karimnagar, Telangana. The study was carried out on four types of cattle breeds (3 to 5 years of age) viz., Gir, Ongole, Jersey and CBJY (Cross bred Jersey). Semen was collected using artificial vagina method twice weekly from each of the bulls and a total of 32 ejaculates were studied. The semen was diluted with Egg Yolk Tris Citrate (EYTC) extender and was evaluated for physical characteristics of neat semen, Motility parameters and sperm viability percentage. The investigation revealed that Gir bull semen has significantly (p<0.05) higher ejaculate Volume, Mass motility, Individual motility, sperm concentration compared to other breeds under this study. Whereas, Jersey bull semen has significantly higher sperm viability percentage.
Co-twinning with fetal Mummification in a Non-Descript Doe: A Case Report
Authors: Chaudhary Neha , Kumar Arun , Singh Garima , Kumar Mohit , Sachan Vikas
Published: February 2025

A non-descript doe with a pregnancy of approx 4 months with a history of pain symptoms for the last 5 hours, frequent defecation, urination, and blood-tinged vaginal fluid while straining was presented to TVCC, Mathura. The cause of dystocia in the present case was a dead kid in a dorso-transverse position. After evisceration, the kid was delivered and subsequently, one more fetus which was mummified was delivered. The dam was managed with antibiosis, intra-uterine therapy, and uterine ecbolic drug successfully.
Surgical correction and histopathological characterisation ofvaginal hyperplasia in a Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Nayana Devarajan  , Simon Shibu , Becha B Bibin , R S Abhilash , Devi S S , Reddy Y V Pridhvidhar , T P Ananthapadmanabhan , Alaka S uresh
Published: February 2025

Canine vaginal hyperplasia is one of the frequently encountered vaginal pathologies, often unnoticed too. The condition is mostly observed during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in bitches. Clinically the condition is mostly observed during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle in bitches. Clinically the condition is established as a swollen mass which could vary in size and shape. A nulliparous intact female labrador retriever, aged two years, was presented to the university veterinary hospital, Kokkalai, with the complaint of a mass protruding from the vulva for the past two weeks. Histopathology of the protruded vaginal mass revealed keratinised and hyperplastic vaginal epithelium with focal areas of mild spongiosis. Subsequently, the condition was diagnosed as vaginal hyperplasia Type III and the condition was managed with surgical circumferential excision under general anaesthesia. No recurrence was observed on the succeeding oestrous cycle.
Testicular Biometry and its Relationship with Body Weight and Semen Parameters of Sirohi and Jamnapari Bucks
Authors: Alam Kabir , Srivastava Sushant , Kumar Rajesh , Saurabh  , Verma Abhishek Kumar , Verma Sanjeev Kumar , Jaiswal Ankit , Verma Hukum Chandra
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between testicular biometry and body weight, as well as semenparameters (ejaculate volume and total sperm concentration/ejaculate) in Sirohi and Jamnapari bucks. A total of sixbucks (2 Sirohi and 4 Jamnapari) were chosen for testicular biometry. The average body weight for Sirohi and Jamnaparibucks was 48.7±3.0 kg and 38.82±1.3 kg, respectively. Similarly, the average scrotal circumference was measured to be27.35±0.57 cm for Sirohi bucks and 25.11±0.4 cm for Jamnapari bucks. The semen volume of Sirohi and Jamnapari buckswas recorded to be 1.15±0.1 ml and 0.79±0.0 ml, respectively. Additionally, the total sperm concentration per ejaculatewas found to be 3120±165.6 million for Sirohi bucks and 2263±101.0 million for Jamnapari bucks. There was a positivecorrelation between scrotal circumference and body weight in both the breeds.The measurements of the left testis exceeded those of the right testis at the same age. The semen volume and total spermconcentration per ejaculate showed a strong and statistically significant correlation with almost all testicular indices (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study could provide valuable insights for the selection of breeding bucks.
Quality and Biochemical Characteristics of Frozen Semen of Purebred and Crossbred Bulls
Authors: Samanta Saptadip , Jana Subhajit , Rakshit Subham , Singh Rahun , Dassarma Barsha , Bera Sayan Jyoti , Maiti Bidisha
Published: February 2025

In the present study, frozen semen straw were collected from the bull semen bank and performed routine semen analysis.  We also studied different biochemical parameters of seminal fluid, including ROS generation and DNA fragmentation.  Average viability and motility of sperm showed within 77% and 27%, respectively, which is not satisfactory. Biochemical  constituents like glucose, fructose, total protein, cholesterol, and others varied among the different breeds, and there  was no superiority among the breeds. The results of different electrolyte concentrations were closely associated among  the different breeds that protected the sperm from osmotic lysis. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline  phosphatase, and acid phosphatase activity were mostly better in exotic and crossbred breeds than in pure indigenous  breeds. Antioxidant profile and oxidative stress (OS) were also studied. The results indicated that antioxidant enzyme  (catalase, GPx) activity and reduced glutathione content were high in the crossbred variety. However, lipid peroxidation  rate was high in the Gir breed. Flowcytometry study revealed that the ROS generation level was very high, and the rate  of DNA fragmentation was around 50%, which indicated the loss of 50% of sperm due to ROS. In conclusion, it could be  said that cryopreservation decreases sperm viability, motility, and increases ROS that is detrimental to sperm survival.
Indian Immigrants in South Africa
Authors: Dr. Netrapal Singh
Published: February 2025

This Article tries to trace the historical development of Indian indentured labour in South Africa. Indian immigration to South Africa began in 1860s. But The large scale emigration of Indian labourers from India to various parts of world began in 1834, beginning with Mauritius and the West Indian Colonies, However, as this period virtually coincided with or followed closely the abolition of slavery, the attitude of British and other plantation owners throughout the world remained relatively unchanged towards this evil, and in fact, there was a little difference between their new charges and their former slaves. The history of Indian diaspora in South Africa is a history sufferings of Indian indentured labour
Media's Effect on Society: A Sociological Perspective on Demonetisation
Authors: Dr. Netrapal Singh
Published: February 2025

The media serves as a mirror of our society, portraying its dynamics and functioning. The media, whether in print, electronic, or web form, serves as the primary medium for disseminating information and keeping individuals informed. Additionally, it serves the purpose of providing entertainment to the general public, as well as facilitating education and raising awareness about current events. In contemporary society, media has assumed the role of a prominent communicator. A diverse range of media platforms has effectively stimulated the cognitive processes of the younger generation and other segments of society. The objective of this article is to examine the role of media and its efficacy during the period of demonetization. The primary aims of this study are to examine the role of media in informing individuals about demonetization and its consequences. This article aims to examine the role of media in the dissemination of information pertaining to significant matters, as well as the mechanisms through which individuals acquire knowledge regarding current events. The article examines the behavioural patterns and media access during the period of demonetization
The Role of DevOps in Streamlining Software Delivery: Key Practices for Seamless CI/CD
Authors: Godavari Modalavalasa
Published: February 2025

Software development and delivery practice underwent a fundamental change with DevOps implementation because it brings development teams together with operations teams. The purpose of this study is to examine DevOps platform significance in software delivery acceleration through Continuous Integration (CI) together with Continuous Delivery (CD) system integration. The text explores the fundamental approaches that drive automation together with collaboration enhancements and increased efficiency during software development. DevOps implemented automation together with collaboration along with persistent improvement to revolutionize software development through complete clearance of operational and development boundaries. The research investigates how DevOps technology enables easy software delivery by utilizing CI and CD methods. DevOps dismantles traditional organizational silos between development and operations teams to establish open cooperation among employees so they can take collective responsibility for work outcomes. Through deliberate solutions to these issues and DevOps best practice adoption, organizations can create effortless scalable software delivery that matches present technological evolution requirements. The paper provides an in-depth examination of core DevOps principles, including automation, version control, infrastructure as code (IaC), and real-time monitoring, which collectively streamline the software development lifecycle.
Neuer Werbetermin zahlt sich für Coop aus
Authors: Stockburger Manfred
Published: February 2025

Coop hat 2024 im Heimatmarkt den Abstand zu Supermarkt-Marktführer Migros verkürzt. Im neuen Jahr sorgt ein neuer Aktionsrhythmus für Impulse.
Kaufland blickt bei der Nachhaltigkeit jetzt auf die Lieferanten
Authors: Stockburger Manfred
Published: February 2025

Mit dem Beginn des neuen Geschäftsjahres bekommt Kaufland nicht nur wieder einen Einkaufsvorstand. Ab März greift auch die neue Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie.
Schwarz Produktion erweitert Backfabrik
Authors: Krönert Alrun
Published: February 2025

Die Schwarz-Gruppe baut ihre Eigenproduktion aus. Die Kapazitäten der Großbäckerei Bonback in Halle an der Saale sollen deutlich erhöht werden.
Tchibo geht gegen Aldi in Berufung
Authors: Bender Hanno , Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: February 2025

Im Streit um Kaffeepreise unter Herstellungskosten geht Tchibo in Berufung. Zuvor hatte das Landgericht Düsseldorf eine Unterlassungsklage gegen Billigangebote bei Aldi Süd abgelehnt.
Kontroll-Portal steht selbst am Pranger
Authors: Deglow Hans-Jürgen
Published: February 2025

Der „Pankow-Pranger“ ist seit Jahren umstritten und bleibt ein Fall für die Gerichte. Kritiker sehen vor allem einen gravierenden Mangel an Fairness.
„Das hat sich gelohnt“
Authors: Lenders Dirk , Himberg Mathias
Published: February 2025

Heiko Modell und Tim Schwertner, CEO und Vertriebschef der Bauer- Gruppe, sprechen über den Turnaround des Familienunternehmens, neue Wachstumsmärkte und Innovationen jenseits traditioneller Molkereiprodukte.
Heißes Saisongeschäft
Authors: Felger Ulrike
Published: February 2025

Grillen ist für die meisten Kunden ein Fest von Vielfalt und Geschmack – dennoch schauen immer mehr auch auf den Preis. Selbstständige Kaufleute sagen, wie sie die Lust am Rost in Umsätze mit hochwertigen, selbst veredelten Fleisch- und Wurstwaren ummünzen. Ulrike Felger
Aktionsrate bei einem Drittel
Authors: Calvo-Henning Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Verbraucher zeigen sich bei Geflügel und anderem Grillfleisch zurückhaltender. Bratwurst bleibt in der Menge stabil. Fisch und Grillkäse gewinnen.
Die rote Nummer eins
Authors: Rodat Andrea
Published: February 2025

Ketchup ist und bleibt die wichtigste Würzsoße für fleischiges wie veganes Grillgut. Ein Absatzmarkt, der zuletzt sowohl bei Menge als auch Wert wieder Fahrt aufnahm. Andrea Rodat
Verpackungsdesign verkauft
Authors: Lattmann Christian
Published: February 2025

Bei den derzeit auf einer Erfolgswelle schwimmenden Handelsmarken rückt das Thema Verpackung immer stärker in den Vordergrund – nicht nur als Mittel der Verkaufsförderung, sondern auch wegen steigender regulatorischer Anforderungen. Erstmalig lud die PLMA daher zur Packaging Conference.
The War in Ukraine – Pathology of the International Legal System?
Authors: Jovanović Miodrag
Published: February 2025

Proceeding from the common assertion that the war in Ukraine proves that international law “doesn’t work” anymore, the article tries to differentiate among the three possible readings of this claim. First, the statement may mean that a central part of international law, namely the regime on the use of force, has been stripped of its ‘legality’. Second, the allegation may be that we are dealing with a situation which Hart characterized as “the pathology of a legal system”. The third possible reading would be that international law on the use of force is not authoritative, meaning it does not have the capacity to generate the sense of bindingness among its addressees. The article argues in favor of the second reading.
Legal Adjudication, Material Corecctness, and Moral Objectivity
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge L.
Published: February 2025

The paper explores Wróblewski’s classical distinction between internal and external justification, highlighting two interpretations. According to the first, a decision is internally justified if it follows from the chosen premises and externally justified if those premises are also justified. From this perspective, some theorists have claimed that internal justification suffices for easy cases, while hard cases require external justification. However, it will be shown that this is a mistake arising from an ambiguity in the term “justification”, and clarifying this ambiguity reveals that both easy and hard cases require the same kind of justification. In the second interpretation, a decision is internally justified if it is derived from existing law and externally justified if its content is morally acceptable. This leads to an examination of the relationship between legal and moral justification. In this regard, Carlos Nino's claim that legal reasoning is a form of moral reasoning will be critically assessed by showing that it ultimately conflates the nature of norms with the nature of the reasons for their acceptance. Finally, it will be argued that moral objectivism is irrelevant for strong justification of judicial decisions (which requires valid reasoning with correct premises). Metaethical scepticism does not undermine substantive moral judgments or weaken moral debate, just as metaethical objectivism does not strengthen them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN GENERAL DIDACTICS FOR PEDAGOGY TEACHERS
Authors: Domingos de Lira Bruno
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the relevance of continuing education for teachers in the Pedagogy course, with a special focus on the discipline of General Didactics, as an effective strategy to improve educational quality. Continuing education is essential for teachers to stay up to date with the constant transformations in the field of education, ensuring the implementation of innovative and effective pedagogical practices. However, this journey of professional development is accompanied by significant challenges, such as the need for constant updating of pedagogical methods and limited resources. In this study, we analyze several strategies and methodologies that can be implemented to overcome these difficulties, highlighting the use of educational technologies and innovative approaches. Furthermore, we investigate how these practices directly impact the pedagogical practice of teachers and the academic results of students, providing a practical view through case studies. Existing policies and programs to support continuing education are also examined, offering constructive criticism and suggestions for improvements to maximize their effectiveness. Finally, this article proposes a set of recommendations for the future, with the aim of improving continuing education programs and, consequently, promoting quality and sustainable education.
THE APPLICABILITY OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Edis , Oliveira de Toledo Juliana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This article discusses the growing research on the use of molecular hydrogen (H2) in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). H2 stands out for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, key factors in the progression of these diseases. Objective: To review current studies on the applicability of molecular hydrogen as a neuroprotective therapy, exploring its effects and possible benefits in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Methodology: A literature review was carried out based on scientific articles published in the last 10 years in the PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion criteria included clinical and preclinical studies investigating molecular hydrogen as a therapeutic agent. Discussion: Studies indicate that H2 can act in the neutralization of free radicals, modulation of the cellular redox state and reduction of inflammation, which contributes to neuroprotection. Several administration methods are analyzed, such as inhalation, H2-enriched water, and injections. Clinical trials suggest improvements in cognitive function and reduction in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, but research is still needed to establish optimal doses and more detailed mechanisms of action. Conclusion: Molecular hydrogen has great therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases, being safe and low-cost. However, more clinical studies are needed to validate its efficacy and define treatment protocols.
Actividad antioxidante de hidrolizados proteicos de suero de leche usando Proteasa de Bacillus Sp
Authors: Viteri-Espinoza Moisés Alonso , Coloma-Hurel José Luis , Otero-Tuárez Víctor
Published: February 2025

En el presente artículo se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de los hidrolizados de sueros lácteos utilizando diferentes concentraciones de suero (0, 1, 2 y 3%) y tiempo de hidrólisis 0 minutos, 30 minutos y 4 horas. Se emplearon enzimas proteasas de Bacillus sp para realizar la hidrólisis. La actividad antioxidante se midió mediante el método del radical catiónico ABTS●+. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad antioxidante fue máxima a una concentración del 1% de suero lácteo, tanto a 30 minutos como a 4 horas. Sin embargo, al aumentar la concentración a 2% y 3%, la actividad antioxidante disminuyó, posiblemente debido a la saturación enzimática. Además, se encontró que tanto la concentración del suero lácteo como el tiempo de hidrólisis influyeron significativamente en la actividad antioxidante (<0,0001), con una interacción significativa entre ambos factores. Los hidrolizados proteicos de suero de leche producidos mediante la proteasa de Bacillus sp. mostraron un notable potencial como ingredientes funcionales en las propiedades antioxidantes, lo que representa una oportunidad prometedora para la industria alimentaria. La capacidad enzimática para la generación de péptidos bioactivos antioxidantes muestra la eficiencia, aunque se recomienda estudios adicionales para la optimización de la calidad de los hidrolizados.
In vitro propagation of Arid zone tree species (Acacia nilotica and Acacia senegal) in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Botany, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Umar M. A. , Abdulkadir A. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Borno State University, P.M.B. 1122, Njimtilo, Kano Road, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Tarfa M. A. ,   Department of Botany, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Saquib M. ,   Department of Botany, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Bulama A. U. ,   Department of Botany, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Trees are important for various reasons in the arid environment, the arid environments have less diversity and abundance of tree species. In reforesting arid environment for their various ecosystemic roles, conventional methods of propagation have been found to be inadequate. Hence there is need for thein vitrogrowth of plant species found in Arid zone to ameliorate the problem. The objective was to evaluate the effects of growth regulators Benzyl Adenine (BA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and determine the potentials for regenerating plants (in vitro) and having superior genetic traits such as highquality need, disease free planting materials and tolerance to environment of the arid zone tree species. The cotyledonary node explants were exercised from the juvenile (0.5-1cm) explants and inoculated on Murashige and Skoog medium, enhanced with various concentration of BA (1.0-5.0mg/L-1) singly and in combination with NAA (0.5-2.5 mg/L-1) for the Acacia species mentioned above. The rateat which cotyledonary nodes regenerate shoot was influenced by diffrentratio of BA and NAA. Acacia nilotica produced the most shoot (1.77 ± 0.27) from medium concentration BA (1.0 mg/L-1) plus NAA (0.1 mg/L-1) for Acacia nilotica, (1.44 ± 0.41) was obtained from BA (3.0 mg/L-1) mix with NAA (0.3 mg/L-1) Acacia senegal and (1.33 ± 1.09) were obtained from BA (5.0 mg/L-1). After four weeks on the rooting medium, the plantlet failed to induce root. Result from histological study, revealed that plantlets exhibited fairly similar anatomical structures and normal organisation of epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles and also the pericycle did not show any sign of rooting. Given that callusing developed at the explants bases, this could be the cause of the unsuccessful rooting. It is recommended that further research is required to understand more about the biochemical and anatomical factors of these species to further improve both shooting and the rooting success.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for combating money laundering and fraud in the U.S. financial industry: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Victor Boateng  , Elizabeth Kuukua Amoako  , Ola Ajay  , Tobias Kwame Adukpo
Published: February 2025

This study explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), in enhancing the detection and prevention of money laundering and fraud within the U.S. financial industry. The study aims to analyze how AI-driven techniques can significantly improve the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of fraud detection systems. The study focuses on examining various machine learning algorithms, including supervised techniques like logistic regression and decision trees, as well as unsupervised methods such as clustering and anomaly detection. These techniques are utilized to analyze historical data, detect patterns, and identify suspicious transactions or fraudulent behaviors in real-time. The research method includes a comprehensive review of existing case studies and literature on AI applications in fraud detection, highlighting successful implementations of ML models in financial institutions. The findings reveal that machine learning models, such as random forests and support vector machines, have proven effective in detecting and preventing fraudulent activities with high precision and recall rates. Furthermore, the integration of AI with real-time data analysis capabilities enables continuous monitoring and immediate detection of irregularities. The study concludes that financial institutions in the U.S. must leverage AI advancements to enhance risk management systems, improve fraud detection, and mitigate the risks of money laundering. By adopting machine learning algorithms, financial organizations can stay ahead of emerging threats, ensuring the security of their operations and customer assets.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Money Laundering, Fraud Detection, U.S. Financial Industry.
Organizational culture and organizational performance in the Palestinian public sector: The mediating role of employee engagement
Authors: Saed Moqadi  , Akram Hamdan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance and the mediating role of employee engagement in the Palestinian Ministry of Transportation (MOT). The role of organizational culture and employee engagement in leveraging organizational performance provided impetus for this study. Prior research minimally investigated the relationship between these variables in public sector contexts. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of (294) MOT employees adopting the simple random sampling method. The questionnaire adopted Denison’s Organizational Culture Model (DOCS) to measure organizational culture and the Utrecht Work Engagement Survey (UWES) to assess employee engagement. SPSS and SMARTPLS4 were used to analyze the primary data. The variables of the study have a moderate level in MOT. The study revealed that organizational culture has a positive effect on employee engagement and organizational performance. Also, employee engagement has a significant positive impact on organizational performance. The study showed that employee engagement has no mediating role in the effect of organizational culture on organizational performance. The study implies the strong impact organizational culture has on performance. It recommended that MOT leaders and managers strengthen their organization’s culture by involving employees, fostering consistency, and enhancing employee engagement to improve organizational performance.
Keywords: Organizational Culture, Organizational Performance, Employee Engagement.
PEMBERDAYAAN GENERASI MUDA SEBAGAI PENGGERAK PERUBAHAN DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KEPEDULIAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KESENIAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
Authors: Rohmiyati Atiek rohmiyati , Suwarni Wahyu suwarni , Yanke randito vidoardo pranaka yanke
Published: February 2025

Public awareness toward culture (arts, traditional houses, traditions, regional languages, regional food, regional clothing, ethics) at the local and national levels is currently lacking. This is because local cultural products in the form of art as a national culture are degraded by foreign art that is more often aired through various media. The purpose of this Community Service is an effort to empower the younger generation as a driver of change to be more familiar with culture and participate in maintaining their cultural arts. The method used is quantitative using a Likert scale, the Likert scale is used to measure students' knowledge of their own culture.  This is done by providing briefings to Polimedia students about the importance of their role as drivers of change to participate in maintaining artistic and cultural values as the nation's identity and fostering a sense of nationalism. The briefing provided included counseling on the importance of involving arts and cultural activities in every event at school and being used in the form of digital media content. The expected results are the empowerment of the younger generation to promote Indonesian arts and culture through participating in carnivals, cultural arts festivals and creating content with Indonesian culture.
ABSTRAKKepedulian masyarakat terhadap budaya (kesenian, rumah adat, tradisi, bahasa daerah, makanan daerah, pakaian daerah, etika) di tingkat lokal maupun nasional saat ini dirasa kurang. Hal ini karena produk-produk budaya lokal berupa kesenian sebagai budaya bangsa terdegradasi oleh kesenian luar negeri yang lebih sering ditayangkan melalui berbagai media. Tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini merupakan satu upaya untuk memberdayakan generasi muda sebagai penggerak perubahan untuk lebih mengenal budaya dan ikut serta memelihara seni budayanya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan skala Likert, skala Likert digunakan untuk mengukur pengetahuan Mahasiswa terhadap suku budayanya sendiri.  Hal ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pembekalan kepada mahasiswa Polimedia tentang pentingnya peran mereka sebagai penggerak perubahan untuk ikut mempertahankan nilai-nilai kesenian dan kebudayaan sebagai jati diri bangsa serta memupuk rasa nasionalisme. Pembekalan yang diberikan diantaranya dengan penyuluhan pentingnya melibatkan kegiatan kesenian dan kebudayaan setiap acara-acara di sekolah serta dijadikan dalam bentuk konten media digital. Hasil yang diharapkan adanya pemberdayaan generasi muda untuk mempromosikan seni budaya Indonesia melalui ikut dalam karnaval, festival seni budaya dan membuat konten-konten yang bermuatan budaya Indonesia.
Characterization of atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada
Authors: Blanchard Dane , Gordon Mark , Dang Duc Huy , Makar Paul Andrew , Aherne Julian
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Extensive industrial operations in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) (Alberta, Canada) are a suspected source of water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC), a class of light-absorbing organic aerosols capable of altering atmospheric solar-radiation budgets. However, the current understanding of WS-BrC across the AOSR is limited, and the primary regional sources of these aerosols are unknown. During the summer of 2021, active filter-pack samplers were deployed at five sites across the AOSR to collect total suspended particulate matter for the purpose of evaluating WS-BrC. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, complemented by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modelling, were employed for sample characterization. Aerosol absorbance was comparable between near-industry and remote field sites, suggesting that industrial WS-BrC exerted limited influence on regional radiative forcing. The combined EEM–PARAFAC method identified three fluorescent components (fluorophores), including one humic-like substance (C1) and two protein-like substances (C2 and C3). Sites near oil sands facilities and sample exposures receiving atmospheric transport from local industry (as indicated by back-trajectory analysis) displayed increased C1 and C3 fluorescence; moreover, both fluorophores were positively correlated with particulate elements (i.e. vanadium and sulfur) and gaseous pollutants (i.e. nitrogen dioxide and total reduced sulfur), indicative of oil sands emissions. The C2 fluorophore exhibited high emission intensity at near-field sites and during severe wildfire smoke events, while positive correlations with industry indicator variables suggest that C2 likely reflected both wildfire-generated and anthropogenic WS-BrC. These results demonstrate that the combined EEM–PARAFAC method is an accessible and cost-effective tool that can be applied to monitor industrial WS-BrC in the AOSR.
Holocene vegetation dynamics and sedimentation processes in a small depression on a Pleistocene plain – a multi-proxy approach for the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of a Neolithic settlement area near Leipzig, Saxony
Authors: Tinapp Christian , Gumnior Maren , Heinrich Susann , Herbig Christoph , Kretschmer Saskia , Schneider Birgit , Stäuble Harald , Stobbe Astrid
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Since 2010, excavations by the Saxonian Archaeological Heritage Office have been conducted on a Pleistocene plain in northwest Saxony during the course of an open-cast lignite mining project. The area lies between the valleys of the Weiße Elster and the Pleiße in the Leipzig lowlands. An important multi-cultural site was discovered near the village of Kieritzsch, where archaeological remains from the early Neolithic up to the early Bronze Age were excavated. They are located in and around a former pond that was subsequently filled with organic-rich deposits. Various geo-archaeological investigations were carried out, complemented by radiocarbon dating to support and contextualize the archaeological results. In particular, archaeobotanical analyses (pollen and macro-remains) were carried out in order to reconstruct the landscape development of the depression and its surroundings. Thus, it was possible to reconstruct the Neolithic vegetation and land use history in a central German Altsiedellandschaft using a near-site pollen profile for the first time. The widespread pine forests were partially cleared for arable farming during the Linear Pottery culture period. From the Stroked Pottery culture period, there is significantly less archaeological evidence, while the palynological data account for sparse mixed-oak forests diversified by anthropogenic use. During the middle and late Neolithic, the number of settlement traces declines once more, even though the sedimentological record and the near-site pollen spectra show intensive land use. The woodlands in the vicinity of the pond continue to decrease, and Cerealia pollen is consistently present. After the Neolithic, the investigated profile shows a hiatus that comprises more than 3000 years. In the early medieval era deposition resumes, together with substantial deforestation and a general increase in human impact.