bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event‐Driven Neuroplasticity and Spiking Modulation in a Photoelectric Neuristor Configured by Threshold Switching Memristor and Optoelectronic Transistor
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ting , Lin Pei‐Lin , Huang Ya‐Chi , Chen Shuai‐Ming , Liao Zih‐Siao , Chen Jen‐Sue
Published: September 2024

Integrating and implementing spiking neurons and synapse into neuromorphic hardware aligned with spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer significant promise for energy‐efficient operation and decision making. In this work, a stacked artificial synapse and spiking neuron utilizing an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) optosynaptic transistor paired with a vanadium‐based volatile threshold switching memristor are constructed. This compact neuristor encompasses multiple functionalities including the conversion of optical impulses into electrical signals, modifiable post‐synaptic current‐enhanced features, and the implementation of leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) spiking generation behavior, showcasing the capability of information delivery in SNNs. The spiking activity within the proposed configuration can be effectively modulated through the interplay of optical and electrical stimuli. Additionally, the excitatory and inhibitory properties manifested by the spiking behavior underscore the gate‐tunable neuron excitability. Notably, the capacity for accommodating hybrid inputs operation makes achievement of spike‐based associative learning by reviving the Pavlov's dog experiment in the proposed device. Moreover, this research unveils the synaptic weight‐governed spiking activity, demonstrating the sophisticated input–output characteristics of spiking behavior. The stacked memristor and transistor assembly can advance the neuromorphic technologies and lay the foundation for the realization of physical SNNs.
Hierarchical Design of 1D Building Blocks for Anisotropic Aerogel
Authors: Long Xin , Qin Jianan , Tang Jubo , Xue Ji , Wang Yu , Zhou Lichun , Wang Sizhe , Wei Xiongbang , Lin Ying , Liao Jiaxuan
Published: September 2024

The structural integrity and continuity are prerequisites for exploiting the performance advantages of aerogels, while limitations in mechanical properties, such as low strength, high brittleness, and poor processability confine fully intact aerogels to laboratory settings. Here, a composite aerogel SPCCAM designed with hierarchical structuring into 1D building blocks at the nanoscale and honeycomb‐like anisotropic architecture at the microscale is presented. The inner carboxylated cellulose nanofiber core (CNFs‐C) exhibits much higher strength than the intermediate polybenzoxazine (PBOZ) shell, and the interface is highly reinforced by a crosslinked network of amino and hydrogen bonds, forming a highly stable 1D building block. Superhydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticle (hydrophobic‐260) is discretely distributed on the outer surface of the PBOZ shell, resulting in a nanoscale lotus leaf effect. Thus, the SPCCAM demonstrates outstanding properties including ultrahigh strength, excellent deformability and fatigue resistance, good machinability, ultralow thermal conductivity and coefficient of linear expansion, and superhydrophobicity from the inside out and long‐term hydrophobic stability along the radial direction of microscale channels, defining a novel method for designing aerogels with superior integrated mechanical, thermal insulation, and hydrophobic properties, and offering an attractive solution for high‐efficiency thermal insulators in high‐moisture extreme environments, such as deep‐sea and polar regions.
Intelligent Cobweb Structures for All‐In‐One Flexible Devices via Laser Thermal Printing
Authors: Yi Longju , Zhao Yilin , Li Yunfan , Guo Dingyi , Zeng Ziran , Liu Zhe , Zheng Huai , Cheng Gary J. , Liu Feng
Published: September 2024

A novel laser thermal printing technique toward the fabrication of all‐in‐one flexible intelligent devices is presented in this work, addressing the existing challenges in their scalable manufacturing and multifunctional performance. The first‐ever application of this technique for the synthesis of a multifunctional intelligent cobweb structure is presented. The resultant cobweb integrates a conductive network of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and NdFeB magnetic microparticles within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, enabling seamless incorporation of sensing, stimulus response, and actuation functionalities. The cobweb exhibits multifunctional sensing characteristics, including a 2.37 strain gauge factor and a 0.312%·mT−1 magnetic field sensitivity, excellent stability exceeding 3500 cycles. Furthermore, the cobweb achieves accurate capture of a beetle on the basis of real‐time sensing of the beetle, verifying its rapid stimulus response characteristics. Meanwhile, the cobweb exhibits an electromagnetic ejection performance with an ejection height of over 33.5 times the size of the projectile, verifying its powerful actuating ability. These results demonstrate the successful integration of multifunctional sensing, stimulus response, and actuation within the cobweb structure, facilitated by the innovative laser thermal printing process. The laser thermal printing technique marks a significant advancement in the efficient fabrication of miniaturized and multifunctional flexible intelligent devices based on thermosetting materials.
Integration of Functional Polymers and Biosensors to Enhance Wound Healing
Authors: Basu Proma , Banerjee Aihik , Okoro Prince David , Masoumi Arameh , Kanjilal Baishali , Akbari Mohsen , Martins‐Green Manuela , Armstrong David G. , Noshadi Iman
Published: September 2024

Biosensors have led to breakthroughs in the treatment of chronic wounds. Since the discovery of the oxygen electrode by Clarke, biosensors have evolved into the design of smart bandages that dispense drugs to treat wounds in response to physiological factors, such as pH or glucose concentration, which indicate pathogenic tendencies. Aptamer‐based biosensors have helped identify and characterize pathogenic bacteria in wounds that often form antibiotic‐resistant biofilms. Several functional polymers have served as indispensable parts of the fabrication of these biosensors. Beginning with natural polymers such as alginate, chitosan, and silk‐based fibroin, which are biodegradable and absorptive, advances have been made in formulating biocompatible synthetic polymers such as polyurethane and polyethylene glycol designed to reduce non‐specific binding of proteins and cells, making biosensors less painful or cumbersome for patient use. Recently, polycaprolactone has been developed, which offers ductility and a large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio. There is still room for advances in the fabrication and use of biosensors for wound healing and in this review, the trend in developing biosensors from biomarker detection to smart dressings to the incorporation of machine learning in designing customized wound patches while making application easier is highlighted and can be used for a long time.
Impact of Drug Conjugation Site and Corona Chemistry on the Therapeutic Activity of Polymer Nanorod – Drug Conjugates
Authors: Warne Nicole M. , Nowell Cameron J. , Tran Mai P. , Finnegan John R. , Feeney Orlagh M. , Kempe Kristian
Published: September 2024

Biocompatible rod‐shaped nanoparticles of controlled length can be produced through the heat‐induced “living” seeded crystallization‐driven self‐assembly (CDSA) of poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐containing block copolymers. With a hydrophilic poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazine) or poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) corona, these nanorods have proven non‐cytotoxic, non‐hemolytic, and ideal for use as a polymer‐based drug delivery system. This study demonstrates a facile, one‐pot method for the synthesis of mycophenolic acid (MPA)‐conjugated block copolymer “unimers” for use in seeded CDSA. Through altering block order during sequential monomer addition cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP), MPA is conjugated to either the chain end of the core‐forming or corona‐forming block. This allows bioactive polymer nanorods to be prepared with MPA positioned at either the periphery of the corona, or at the core‐corona interface of the nanorod formed during seeded CDSA. In vitro, these nanorods arrest growth in human T and B lymphocytes, with reduced effect in “off‐target” monocytes when compared with unconjugated MPA. Furthermore, the conjugation of MPA to the core‐corona interface of the nanorods leads to a slower release and reduced cytostatic effect. This study offers a robust investigation into the effect of steric hindrance and corona chemistry on the therapeutic potential of drug‐conjugated CDSA nanorods and demonstrates the potential of poly(2‐oxazoline)/poly(2‐oxazine)‐based CDSA nanomaterials as effective drug delivery platforms.
Multiple‐Effect Combined Hydrogels: “Temporal Regulation” Treatment of Osteosarcoma‐Associated Bone Defects with Switchable Hyperthermia and Bioactive Agents
Authors: Li Lin , Lin Yating , Liu Kun , Huang Runshan , Wen Wei , Huang Yadong , Liu Mingxian , Zhou Changren , Ding Shan , Luo Binghong
Published: September 2024

Achieving the clinically staged treatment of osteosarcoma‐associated bone defects encounters the multiple challenges of promptly removing postoperative residual tumor cells and bacterial infection, followed by bone reconstruction. Herein, a core/shell hydrogel with multiple‐effect combination is designed to first exert antitumor and antibacterial activities and then promote osteogenesis. Specifically, doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded by magnesium‐iron‐based layered double hydroxide (LDH) to prepare LDOX, which is introduced into a thermo‐sensitive hydrogel to serve as an outer shell of the core/shell hydrogel, meanwhile, LDH‐contained liquid crystal hydrogel, abbreviated as LCgel‐L, is served as an inner core. At the early stage of treatment, the dissociation of the outer shell triggered by moderate hyperthermia led to the thermo‐sensitive release of LDOX, which can be targeted for the release of DOX within tumor cells, thereby promptly removing postoperative residual tumor cells based on the synergistic effect of photothermal therapy (PTT) and DOX, and postoperative bacterial infection can also be effectively prevented by PTT simultaneously. More importantly, the dissociation of the outer shell prompted the full exposure of the inner core, which will exert osteogenic activity based on the synergy of liquid crystal hydrogel as well as LDH‐induced mild hyperthermia and ion effects, thereby enabling “temporal regulation” treatment of osteosarcoma‐associated bone defects. This study provides a valuable insight for the development of osteosarcoma‐associated bone repair materials.
Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Based on FcPF6 Engineered Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transporting Layer
Authors: Chang Qing , Yun Yikai , Cao Kexin , Yao Wenlong , Huang Xiaofeng , He Peng , Shen Yang , Zhao Zhengjing , Chen Mengyu , Li Cheng , Wu Binghui , Yin Jun , Zhao Zhiguo , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: September 2024

Li‐TFSI doped spiro‐OMeTAD is widely recognized as a beneficial hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), contributing to high device efficiencies. However, the uncontrolled migration of lithium ions (Li+) during device operation has impeded its broad adoption in scalable and stable photovoltaic modules. Herein, an additive strategy is proposed by employing ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF6) as a relay medium to enhance the hole extraction capability of the spiro‐OMeTAD via the instant oxidation function. Besides, the novel Fc–Li interaction effectively restricts the movement of Li+. Simultaneously, the dissociative hexafluorophosphate group is cleverly exploited to regulate the unstable iodide species on the perovskite surface, further inhibiting the formation of migration channels and stabilizing the interfaces. This modification leads to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 22.13% and 20.27% in 36 cm2 (active area of 18 cm2) and 100 cm2 (active area of 56 cm2) perovskite solar modules (PSMs), respectively, with exceptional operational stability obtained for over 1000 h under the ISOS‐L‐1 procedure. The novel FcPF6‐based engineering approach is pivotal for advancing the industrialization of PSCs, particularly those relying on high‐performance spiro‐OMeTAD‐ based HTLs.
Solar‐to‐NIR Light Activable PHBV/ICG Nanofiber‐Based Face Masks with On‐Demand Combined Photothermal and Photodynamic Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Haghighat Bayan Mohammad Ali , Rinoldi Chiara , Kosik‐Kozioł Alicja , Bartolewska Magdalena , Rybak Daniel , Zargarian Seyed Shahrooz , Shah Syed Ahmed , Krysiak Zuzanna J. , Zhang Shichao , Lanzi Massimiliano , Nakielski Paweł , Ding Bin , Pierini Filippo
Published: September 2024

Hierarchical nanostructures fabricate by electrospinning in combination with light‐responsive agents offer promising scenarios for developing novel activable antibacterial interfaces. This study introduces an innovative antibacterial face mask developed from poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers integrated with indocyanine green (ICG), targeting the urgent need for effective antimicrobial protection for community health workers. The research focuses on fabricating and characterizing this nanofibrous material, evaluating the mask's mechanical and chemical properties, investigating its particle filtration, and assessing antibacterial efficacy under photothermal conditions for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The PHBV/ICG nanofibers are produced using an electrospinning process, and the nanofibrous construct's morphology, structure, and photothermal response are investigated. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanofibers is tested, and substantial bacterial inactivation under both near‐infrared (NIR) and solar irradiation is demonstrated due to the photothermal response of the nanofibers. The material's photothermal response is further analyzed under cyclic irradiation to simulate real‐world conditions, confirming its durability and consistency. This study highlights the synergistic impact of PHBV and ICG in enhancing antibacterial activity, presenting a biocompatible and environmentally friendly solution. These findings offer a promising path for developing innovative face masks that contribute significantly to the field of antibacterial materials and solve critical public health challenges.
Asymmetric Addition of Allomaltol to Chalcones and Bis(arylidene)acetones: En Route to Chiral Drugs
Authors: Kovalevsky Ruslan A. , Kucherenko Alexander S. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of enantiomerically enriched γ‐oxobutyric acid and succinic acid derivatives based on asymmetric conjugate addition of allomaltol to chalcones or bis(arylidene)acetones in the presence of readily available and recoverable C2‐symmetric tertiary amine‐squaramide organocatalyst has been developed. Ru(III)‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of pyran‐4‐ones bearing the α,β‐enone unit to enantiomerically enriched succinic acid derivatives via a one‐pot oxidative fragmentation of both the γ‐pyrone ring and activated C=C bond has been elaborated. The developed methodology was applied for scalable asymmetric synthesis of GABAB receptor agonists precursors, RAR receptor agonists and monoaminooxidase (MAO) inhibitors.
Global Analysis of Combined Photovoltaic Green and Cool Roofs Under Climate Change
Authors: Hassoun Lina , Cook Lauren M.
Published: September 2024

Sustainable roofing configurations, including green and white roofs, can reduce rooftop surface temperatures compared to conventional surfaces and can therefore enhance photovoltaic (PV) system performance due to the temperature dependence of PV cells. Previous research, primarily experimental, recognized the synergy of combining PV with green or cool roofs. However, the influence of geographic and climatic factors on the performance of these combined systems, particularly in future climates affected by climate change, remains unclear. This work integrates three roof configurations (gravel, green, and white) into rooftop solar energy modeling across thirteen cities with different climate types, under current and future climate scenarios. Results indicate limited efficiency gains (< 2%) across all cities and climates, challenging previous findings. Yield is expected to increase in some cities receiving more solar irradiation in the future but decrease in others due to rising temperatures. Green and cool roofs can partially offset the effects of climate change on yield. PV‐white roofs consistently outperform PV‐green roofs, with the performance gap expected to widen in future climates. PV‐green roofs excel in tropical climates with high irradiation and precipitation levels. Overall, the outcomes of this study inform the design and planning of sustainable buildings in response to climate change challenges.
Cross‐Species Insights into Trophoblast Invasion During Placentation Governed by Immune‐Featured Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Zang Xupeng , Zhang Dan , Wang Wenjing , Ding Yue , Wang Yongzhong , Gu Shengchen , Shang Yijun , Gan Jianyu , Jiang Lei , Meng Fanming , Shi Junsong , Xu Zheng , Huang Sixiu , Li Zicong , Wu Zhenfang , Gu Ting , Cai Gengyuan , Hong Linjun
Published: September 2024

Proper development of the placenta, the transient support organ forms after embryo implantation, is essential for a successful pregnancy. However, the regulation of trophoblast invasion, which is most important during placentation, remains largely unknown. Here, rats, mice, and pigs are used as biomedical models, used scRNA‐seq to comparatively elucidate the regulatory mechanism of placental trophoblast invasion, and verified it using a human preeclampsia disease model combined with scStereo‐seq. A dual‐featured type of immune‐featured trophoblast (iTrophoblast) is unexpectedly discovered. Interestingly, iTrophoblast only exists in invasive placentas and regulates trophoblast invasion during placentation. In a normally developing placenta, iTrophoblast gradually transforms from an immature state into a functional mature state as it develops. Whereas in the developmentally abnormal preeclamptic placenta, disordered iTrophoblast transformation leads to the accumulation of immature iTrophoblasts, thereby disrupting trophoblast invasion and ultimately leading to the progression of preeclampsia.
The Exceptionally High Dielectric Constant of Doped Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yang Xuwen , Liu Jian , Koster L. Jan Anton
Published: September 2024

The dielectric constant (ɛr) is an essential parameter as it characterizes the ability to screen charge. Molecular doping is a key strategy to enhance the electronic properties of organic semiconductors, where again ɛr is important because the Coulomb attraction introduced by dopants needs to be overcome to generate carriers. Previous theoretical work has reported collective screening can lead to a dramatic enhancement of ɛr upon doping. Whereas this prediction has been tested in the low‐doping regime, the predicted dielectric catastrophe remains unexplored. Here, metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) diodes to measure the dielectric constant of organic semiconductors subjected to moderate‐to‐high doping levels is employed. MIS diodes make it possible to measure the dielectric constant at relatively high doping ratios and corresponding high electrical conductivities. This results demonstrated a notable rise in the dielectric constant within a range of ≈3.0–15.0 of n‐ and p‐doped organic semiconductors, resembling the phenomenon of dielectric catastrophe. These observations align with recent theoretical investigations into the impact of molecular doping on ɛr and show the collective behavior of free charges in doped organic semiconductors.
Unusual Magnetocaloric Effect Triggered by Spin Reorientation
Authors: Song Yuzhu , Zhang Jimin , Li Hengchao , Zhong Hong , Long Feixiang , Wang Zhan , Xu Yuanji , Zheng Xinqi , Zhang Hu , Huang Qingzhen , Zhang Ying , Xing Xianran , Chen Jun
Published: September 2024

Advancements and utilization of magnetic refrigeration technology hinge on the ongoing enhancement and optimization of magnetic refrigeration material properties. Nevertheless, the intricacy of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) mechanism has emerged as a bottleneck, constraining the progress and refinement of magnetic refrigeration materials. In this study, a classic magnetic system is chosen to investigate the mechanism of MCE across four different scales–macroscopic magnetism, micrometer‐scale magnetic domains, atomic magnetic moments, and electronic structure. It simultaneously exhibits two inverse MCEs and one direct MCE, with a working temperature span as wide as 125 K (most are <50 K) for the direct MCE. The measurements of the vibrating sample magnetometer, in situ Lorentz electron microscopy and variable‐temperature neutron powder diffraction directly reveal that the complex magnetic entropy changes arise from the magnetic domain wall pinning, the instability of Ho magnetic moments, and the spin rotation. First‐principles calculations elucidate the crucial role of strong hybridization between localized Ho and itinerant Co electrons in the spin reorientation of HoCo4Al. This study contributes significantly to comprehending the induction mechanism of the MCE and holds vital reference value for exploring new magnetic refrigeration materials and enhancing MCE performance.
Advances and Prospects of Carbon Dots for High‐Performance Zinc‐Based Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zekun , Zhou Xuelian , Dong Jia , Xue Taotao , Di Yingran , Li Bin , Zhao Ningning , Dai Lei , Wang Ling , He Zhangxing
Published: September 2024

Zinc‐based batteries are emerging as the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage devices due to their low cost, high safety, and long‐term storage. However, zinc‐based batteries encounter challenges stemming from undesirable side reactions and zinc dendrites on the anode, as well as dissolution on the cathode. Owing to their extremely small size, substantial surface functional groups, and adjustable structure, carbon dots (CDs) present considerable benefits in augmenting coulombic efficiency, expanding cycle life, and enhancing the rate functionality of zinc‐based batteries. Herein, this review delves into the surface modification and morphological regulation of batteries elements by CDs, CDs composites, and CDs derivatives. Moreover, it systematically encapsulates the application of CDs in zinc‐based batteries, underscoring the pivotal role of CDs in the advancement of electrode technology. Finally, the review highlights the impediments and proposes potential avenues for utilizing CDs in zinc‐based batteries. This review aims to facilitate the development of superior solutions and provide scientific insights into energy storage technologies.
The uptake of dissolved glucose by juvenile green‐lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus)
Authors: Jordan Andy , Skelton Brad , Mugica Maria , Jeffs Andrew
Published: September 2024

A major expense in the operation of bivalve nurseries is the culture of high‐quality live microalgae feeds, and efforts to develop effective alternative feeds have had limited success. Juvenile bivalves are known to be able to absorb dissolved nutrients, but this ability has received minimal attention as a route for supplementary feeding. This study assessed the capacity of juvenile green‐lipped mussels (GLMs) (Perna canaliculus) to uptake and assimilate dissolved glucose at five experimental concentrations (i.e. 10 µg mL−1, 100 µg mL−1, 1 mg mL−1, 10 mg mL−1 and 30 mg mL−1) as a supplement to cultured microalgae. Growth and survival of the mussels were measured over 3 weeks. Although all glucose concentrations improved the performance of mussel spat compared to the control, the best performing was a concentration of 1 mg mL−1 of dissolved glucose which enhanced daily spat growth 2.7 times that of the control live microalgal diet without glucose. Survival was high (i.e. >95%) for all treatments except for the highest experimental concentration of glucose, for which a concentration of 30 mg mL−1 resulted in mean mortality of 24%. Mussel spat supplemented with dissolved glucose accumulated up to 30% greater lipid and improved the carbohydrate content per mg g−1 of ash‐free dry weight as much as 3.5 times compared to those in the control treatment, indicating that they were in greater nutritional condition. This demonstration that dissolved glucose can be used to fuel growth by GLM spat at concentrations as low as 10 µg mL−1 suggests that other soluble nutrients may also act as a supplemental feed for cultured juvenile molluscs. Dissolved nutrients have the potential to improve the performance of spat in nursery systems while simultaneously reducing the reliance of cultured microalgae as a sole feed input.
Long‐term tillage and residue removal effects on soil carbon, nitrogen, and grain yield in irrigated corn
Authors: Schmer Marty R. , Ramirez Salvador , Jin Virginia L. , Wienhold Brian J. , Varvel Gary E. , Willhelm Wally W.
Published: September 2024

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover demand as a forage or for an emerging bioeconomy has increased the importance of determining the long‐term effects of stover removal on grain yield and soil properties. Study objectives were to evaluate grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total soil N (0–150 cm) in a 20‐year, irrigated, continuous corn study, located in eastern Nebraska, under conventional tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT) with variable corn stover removal rates (none, medium, and high). After 20 years, grain yield was up to 6.0% greater under NT with stover removal compared with NT and no stover removal, while yield was similar for CT in all stover removal treatments. Grain yield was similar between NT with stover removal and CT in all stover removal treatments. High stover removal rates resulted in greater SOC loss at the surface soil layers (0–15 cm and 0–30 cm) after 20 years compared with no or medium stover removal. Corn stover retention under NT resulted in the same cumulative SOC stock loss as CT or stover removal. All management practices resulted in cumulative (0–120 cm) SOC stock loss (8% decrease) that occurred in the last 10 years of the study. Total soil nitrogen stocks were maintained or increased after 20 years at the surface soil layers (0–15 cm and 0–30 cm) and were similar between NT and CT. In an irrigated continuous corn system, neither NT nor stover retention was able to maintain cumulative SOC stocks over time.
Prohexadione calcium applications increase peanut peg strength
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Mulvaney Michael J. , Bashyal Mahesh , Singh Kulpreet
Published: September 2024

Prohexadione calcium is a growth regulator, which manages excessive vine growth in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by reducing shoot internode length. To test the effect of prohexadione calcium on peanut, a field experiment was conducted at the West Florida Research and Education Center in Jay, FL, during 2021 and 2022. The objective was to determine peanut response at different rates (untreated control, 70, 105, 140, and 175 g a.i. ha−1 of prohexadione calcium). Data were collected on yield, peg strength, above‐ and belowground biomass, plant height, and total sound mature kernels. Additionally, return on investment for prohexadione calcium application was also calculated. Prohexadione calcium application resulted in significant reduction of peanut plant height. The application rate of 105 g a.i. ha−1 resulted in significantly greater normalized difference vegetation index as compared to untreated control. Belowground, aboveground, and total biomass did not significantly differ between the 140 g a.i. ha−1 rate and untreated control. However, peanut peg strength increased significantly at the 140 g a.i. ha−1 treatment compared to the untreated control. Peanut yield ranged from 6.65 to 7.15 Mg ha−1 among different treatments; however, the differences among treatments were not significant. Similarly, the total sound mature kernels and return on investment did not differ significantly under different prohexadione calcium treatments. Considering that peanut response to prohexadione calcium is difficult to observe in small plots, it is important to test the effect of prohexadione calcium on peanut production under on‐farm large plot conditions.
Job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A scoping review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nakayama Kota , Suzuki Etsuji , Slopen Natalie , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown that job strain is associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). We conducted a scoping review and meta‐analysis to assess the association between job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was performed on PubMed. We included English‐language studies that examined the association between job strain (based on the Karasek demand‐control model) and pregnancy outcomes. We excluded letters, posters, reviews, and qualitative studies. Random effects meta‐analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using τ2 and I2 statistics. Potential bias was assessed using standard funnel plots. Asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test. Leave‐one‐out analysis was performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results

Three eligible studies were found for LBW, seven for PTB, and four for SGA. The number of subjects ranged from 135 to 4889, and the prevalence of high job strain ranged from 6.64% to 33.9%. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBW, PTB, and SGA were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.39) respectively, indicating modest associations. Heterogeneity for LBW and PTB may not be important but may be moderate for SGA. No publication bias was detected for LBW and PTB, but possible publication bias exists for SGA.

Conclusion

We found a modest association between job strain and PTB. Since job strain is only one of the many aspects of an unhealthy work environment, interventions that improve working conditions more broadly are needed.
Cell‐Permeable Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides for Exploration of Cellular Protein ADP‐Ribosylation
Authors: Kasprzyk Renata , Rieth Sonja , Heid Peter , Stengel Florian , Marx Andreas
Published: September 2024

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) greatly enhance the functional diversity of proteins, surpassing the number of gene‐encoded variations. One intriguing PTM is ADP‐ribosylation, which utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a substrate and is essential in cell signaling pathways regulating cellular responses. Here, we report the first cell‐permeable NAD+ analogs and demonstrate their utility for investigating cellular ADP‐ribosylation. Using a desthiobiotin‐labelled analog for affinity enrichment of proteins that are ADP‐ribosylated in living cells under oxidative stress, we identified protein targets associated with host‐virus interactions, DNA damage and repair, protein biosynthesis, and ribosome biogenesis. Most of these targets have been noted in various literature sources, highlighting the potential of our probes for cellular ADP‐ribosylome studies.
Harnessing the Synergistic Interplay between Atomic‐Scale Vacancies and Ligand Effect to Optimize the Oxygen Reduction Activity and Tolerance Performance
Authors: Ye Shenghua , Chen Wenda , Ou Zhijun , Zhang Qinghao , Zhang Jie , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Zheng Lirong , Yan Xueqing , Liu Jianhong , Zhang Qianling
Published: September 2024

Defect engineering is an effective strategy for regulating the electrocatalysis of nanomaterials, yet it is seldom considered for modulating Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, we designed Ni‐doped vacancy‐rich Pt nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen‐doped graphene (Vac‐NiPt NPs/NG) with a low Pt loading of 3.5 wt . % and a Ni/Pt ratio of 0.038 : 1. Physical characterizations confirmed the presence of abundant atomic‐scale vacancies in the Pt NPs induces long‐range lattice distortions, and the Ni dopant generates a ligand effect resulting in electronic transfer from Ni to Pt. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicated that atomic‐scale vacancies mainly contributed the tolerance performances towards CO and CH3OH, the ligand effect derived from a tiny of Ni dopant accelerated the transformation from *O to *OH species, thereby improved the ORR activity without compromising the tolerance capabilities. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay between atomic‐scale vacancies and ligand effect, as‐prepared Vac‐NiPt NPs/NG exhibited improved ORR activity, sufficient tolerance capabilities, and excellent durability. This study offers a new avenue for modulating the electrocatalytic activity of metal‐based nanomaterials.
Construction of Liposome‐Based Extracellular Artificial Organelles on Individual Living Cells
Authors: Yang Seoin , Youn Wongu , Rheem Hyeong Bin , Han Sang Yeong , Kim Nayoung , Han Sol , Schattling Philipp , Städler Brigitte , Choi Insung S.
Published: September 2024

Integration of living cells with extrinsic functional entities gives rise to bioaugmented nanobiohybrids, which hold tremendous potential across diverse fields such as cell therapy, biocatalysis, and cell robotics. This study presents a biocompatible method for incorporating multilayered functional liposomes onto the cell surface, creating extracellular artificial organelles or exorganelles. The introduction of various extrinsic functionalities to cells is achieved without comprising their viabilities. The integration of extrinsic enzymatic reactions is exemplified through the cascade reaction involving glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, our protocol offers the design flexibility to customize liposome compositions, thereby providing effective cell modification. The versatility of the liposome‐based exorganelle approach establishes an advanced chemical tool, empowering cells with novel functionalities that surpass or are complementary to their innate capabilities.
Design of Quasi‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Solid Polymer Electrolytes Enabling an Ultra‐Stable Interface with Li Metal Anode
Authors: Xu Yifan , Chen Zhiyu , Wang Jiaqi , Li Bai , Li Jiangnan , He Zijian , Li Lei , Gao Lei , Han Songbai , Bian Juncao , Zhu Jinlong , Wang Liping , Zhao Yusheng , Xu Qiang , Zhao Ruo
Published: September 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are crucial in the development of lithium metal batteries. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites (OMSs) have shown promise as solid fillers to improve the performance of SPEs. However, the number of OMS‐containing MOFs is quite limited, comprising less than 5% of the total MOFs. When considering yield, cost, and processability, the commonly used OMS‐containing MOFs are no more than 10 types, causing great limitations. Herein, we reported a simple and universal methodology that converted OMS‐free MOFs to OMS‐rich quasi‐MOFs for developing high‐performance SPEs, and explored the underlying mechanism. The “OMS‐polymer” and “OMS‐ion” interactions were investigated in detail to elucidate the role of quasi‐MOFs on battery performance. It was found that quasi‐MOFs, functioning as ion sieves, can effectively regulate ion migration, thus promoting uniform Li deposition and enabling an ultra‐stable interface. As a result, the Li symmetric cell stably ran over 3000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2, while the full cell retained 85 % of its initial capacity after 1500 cycles at 1.0 C. Finally, universal testing was performed using other MOFs, confirming the generalizability and effectiveness of our design concept.
Gapped and Rotated Grain Boundary Revealed in Ultra‐Small Au Nanoparticles for Enhancing Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Wenying , Chen Dong , Fung Victor , Zhuang Shengli , Zhou Yue , Wang Chengming , Bian Guoqing , Zhao Yan , Xia Nan , Li Jin , Deng Haiteng , Liao Lingwen , Yang Jun , Jiang De‐en , Wu Zhikun
Published: September 2024

Although gapped grain boundaries have often been observed in bulk and nanosized materials, and their crucial roles in some physical and chemical processes have been confirmed, their acquisition at ultrasmall nanoscale presents a significant challenge. To date, they had not been reported in metal nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm owing to the difficulty in characterization and the high instability of grain boundary (GB) atoms. Herein, we have successfully developed a synthesis method for producing a novel chiral nanocluster Au78(TBBT)40 (TBBT=4‐tert‐butylphenylthiolate) with a 26‐atom gapped and rotated GB. This nanocluster was precisely characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. Additionally, an offset atomic defect linked to the peripheral Au(TBBT)2 staple was found in the structure. Comparing it to similarly face‐centered cubic‐structured Au36(TBBT)24, Au44(TBBT)28, Au52(TBBT)32, Au92(TBBT)44, and ~5 nm nanocrystals, the bridging Au78(TBBT)40 nanocluster exhibited higher catalytic activity in the electroreduction of CO2 to CO. This enhanced activity was explained through density functional theory calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which highlight the impact of GBs and point defects on the surface properties of metal nanoclusters in balancing intermediate adsorption and product desorption.
Reviving Multivalent‐Metal Anodes in Simple Salt Electrolytes via Component Modifier Design
Authors: Zhou Hang , Sun Wenhao , Su Xiaozheng , Liu Mingyu , Zhou Zhenfang , Du Aobing , Dong Shanmu , Wang Qingfu , Zhang Zhonghua , Li Guicun , Cui Guanglei
Published: September 2024

Using combinatory electrolyte blends represents an imperative avenue to achieve good magnesium (Mg)‐metal anode compatibility and commercial feasibility in fields of promising rechargeable Mg batteries. However, fundamental challenges of how to manipulate component modifier reactivity on molecule level still remain to be solved. Here, molecular structure design concepts towards seeking bromophenyl complex‐based component modifiers has been proposed according to implications of electron‐donating and/or electron‐withdrawing substituents on Br−C bond dissociation reactivity. Exceptional Mg electro‐plating/stripping properties (a stable cycle life of 250 days in Mg//Cu asymmetric cells) have been firstly achieved in a simple salt electrolyte with 1‐(3‐bromophenyl)‐N,N‐dimethylmethanamine (BPDMA) as optimal component modifier. Comprehensive analyses disclose the unique electrochemically‐active Br‐containing ion‐pairs formation, such as [(Mg2+)2(TFSI−)Br−]2+ and [(Mg2+)2(TFSI−)(Br−)(G2)2]2+, which results in the much thinner Br− containing and organic–inorganic mixed interphases on Mg‐metal anodes. Furthermore, conventional MgSO4‐based electrolytes and even calcium (Ca)‐ion electrolytes can also be revived by similar strategy, demonstrating its generality and superiority.
Aliphatic‐aromatic copolyesters containing monophenyl terephthalic acid and biphenyl 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid: Influence of composition and chemical microstructure on thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Caixia , Yang Sheng , Fu Tian , Qin Wang , Yang Yaqi , Zou Guoxiang
Published: September 2024

In order to compare the effect of the monophenyl ring terephthalic acid (TPA) and biphenyl rings 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid (OBBA) with ether bond on poly(butylene adipate) (PBA)‐based copolyesters properties, two copolyester series poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene terephthalate)s (PBATs) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene oxybisbenzoate)s (PBAOs) were synthesized, and comparatively investigated. All the synthesized copolyesters had satisfactory number‐average molecular weights in the range of 26,500–73,000 g/mol. For PBATs copolyesters, the crystalline structure gradually transitioned from the monoclinic crystal structure of poly(butylene adipate) to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) with increasing TPA because of the crystalline segments transformation from butylene adipate to butylene terephthalate, while PBAO copolyesters progressively shifted from the crystalline structure of PBA to the amorphous structure of poly(butylene oxybisbenzoate) (PBO) as increasing content of OBBA. The incorporation of either TPA or OBBA comonomers with rigid cyclic structure into PBA chain noticeably increased the glass transition temperature (Tg). With the same monomer molar ratio, PBAOs because of incorporation of the bicyclic comonomers presented higher Tg (range from −24.2 to 49.5°C) than that of PBATs (range from −56.5 to 22.4°C). It was found that copolyesters with bicyclic and ether bond OBBA comonomers exhibited a better flexibility in property than that with monocyclic TPA comonomers.
The Role and Substitution of Cobalt in the Cobalt‐Lean/Free Nickel‐Based Layered Transition Metal Oxides for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Taifan , Huang Zhenxin , Shu Chengyong , Wang Xiaowei , Tang Zexun , Tang Wei , Zhu Kai , Wu Yuping
Published: September 2024

The Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxide cathode represented by NCM (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x+y+z=1) and NCA (LiNixCoyAlzO2, x+y+z=1) is widely used in the electric vehicle market due to its specific capacity and high working potential, in which Cobalt (Co) plays a huge role in improving the structural stability during the cycle. However, the limited supply of Co, due to its scarcity and the influence of geopolitics, poses a significant constraint on the further advancement of the Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxide cathode in the field of energy storage. In this paper, the mechanism of Co in the Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxides is reviewed, including its critical role for structural stability such as the inhibition of cationic mixing and the release of lattice oxygen et al. Subsequently, it outlines various strategies to enhance the performance of Co‐lean/free materials, such as ion doping, including single‐ion doping and multi‐ion co‐doping, and various surface coating strategies, so as to eliminate the adverse effects of Co loss on materials. Ultimately, this paper offers a glimpse into the promising future of Cobalt‐free strategies for high performance of Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxides.
Graphite Co‐Intercalation Chemistry in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lyu Linlong , Yi Yuyang , Xu Zheng‐Long
Published: September 2024

Lithium ion intercalation chemistry in graphite underpins commercial lithium‐ion batteries since 1991. In exploring the potential of cost‐effective graphite anodes in alternative battery systems, the conventional intercalation chemistry falls short for Na ions, which exhibited minimal capacity and thermodynamic unfavourability in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The introduction of an alternative intercalation chemistry involving solvated‐Na‐ion co‐intercalation gives a rebirth to graphite anodes. The co‐intercalation chemistry allows appreciable Na ion storage capacities and extraordinary rate capabilities. The fundamental differences between intercalation and co‐intercalation chemistries have attracted extensive investigation over the past decade for high‐power SIBs. Herein, we focus on the state‐of‐the‐art advances on the co‐intercalation chemistry in the SIBs for the purpose of enriching insights into graphite intercalation chemistry. Following our introducing the thermodynamic features of co‐intercalation reactions, we will illuminate the electrochemical properties and mechanic issues of co‐intercalated graphite, finalized by the perspective challenges and potential resolutions.
Diesters of monoimide of perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid — Synthesis, characterization, and application for dyeing polyester fibre, polystyrene, and poly (methyl methacrylate) films
Authors: Paluszkiewicz Joanna , Grzelakowska Aleksandra , Rutowicz Joanna
Published: September 2024

Three dyes–diesters of monoimides of perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized in three‐stage process: esterification, hydrolysis, and monoimidation as potential fluorescent light‐stable colorants for high visibility safety wear. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and their spectroscopic and physicochemical properties were determined. Colorants were applied to dyeing polyester fibre and polystyrene and poly (methyl methacrylate) films. The light, wash, and rubbing fastness of the dyeings were determined, and chromaticity coordinates were measured and discussed.
Development, evaluation of critical method variables and stability assessment using a Box–Behnken design for the determination of organic impurities in a pharmaceutical dosage form of a centrally acting muscle relaxant drug chlorzoxazone
Authors: Ettaboina Santhosh Kumar , Nannapaneni Satyasree , Jeedimalla Nagalakshmi , Dongala Thirupathi , Muchakayala Siva Krishna , Katari Naresh Kumar
Published: September 2024

This study validates a stability‐indicating LC method for detecting organic impurities in the chlorzoxazone dosage form. Using a Waters X‐Select R HSS T3 analytical column, mobile phase of it was made by mixing of water, methanol, and glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 700:300:10 (v/v/v). The drug product and drug substance were subjected to the stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation, heat, and photolysis as per the recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization (Q2) methodology. The study revealed the susceptibility of 4‐chloro‐2‐aminophenol to alkaline environments, emphasizing peak homogeneity and stability. The method verification, per ICH guidelines and USP<1225>, established precision, specificity, linearity, accuracy, and robustness for quality control. The mean impurity recovery ranged from 95.5% to 105.2%, the correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 1.000, and the RSD values (n = 6) ranged from 0.6% to 5.1% across the LOQ–150% ranges. Full‐factorial design tested final method conditions, evaluating multiple parameters concurrently. Graphical optimization within the design space defined strong method requirements, ensuring consistent and reliable outcomes. The study develops and validates chlorzoxazone stability‐indicating methods, employing advanced statistical approaches like design of experiments and factorial design, with resilient conditions established through graphical optimization of the design space.