bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR): An Hourly Updating Convection-Allowing Forecast Model. Part II: Forecast Performance
Authors: James Eric P. , Alexander Curtis R. , Dowell David C. , Weygandt Stephen S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Manikin Geoffrey S. , Brown John M. , Olson Joseph B. , Hu Ming , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Ladwig Terra , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Turner David D.
Published: May 2022

The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) is a convection-allowing implementation of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) Model that covers the conterminous United States and Alaska and runs hourly (for CONUS; every 3 h for Alaska) in real time at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The high-resolution forecasts support a variety of user applications including aviation, renewable energy, and prediction of many forms of severe weather. In this second of two articles, forecast performance is documented for a wide variety of forecast variables and across HRRR versions. HRRR performance varies across geographical domain, season, and time of day depending on both prevalence of particular meteorological phenomena and the availability of both conventional and nonconventional observations. Station-based verification of surface weather forecasts (2-m temperature and dewpoint temperature, 10-m winds, visibility, and cloud ceiling) highlights the ability of the HRRR to represent daily planetary boundary layer evolution and the development of convective and stratiform cloud systems, while gridded verification of simulated composite radar reflectivity and quantitative precipitation forecasts reveals HRRR predictive skill for summer and winter precipitation systems. Significant improvements in performance for specific forecast problems are documented for the upgrade versions of the HRRR (HRRRv2, v3, and v4) implemented in 2016, 2018, and 2020, respectively. Development of the HRRR model data assimilation and physics paves the way for future progress with operational convective-scale modeling.

Significance Statement

NOAA’s operational hourly updating convection-allowing model, the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), is a key tool for short-range weather forecasting and situational awareness. Improvements in assimilation of weather observations, as well as in physics parameterizations, has led to improvements in simulated radar reflectivity and quantitative precipitation forecasts since the initial implementation of HRRR in September 2014. Other targeted development has focused on improved representation of the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer, resulting in improved near-surface temperature and humidity forecasts. Additional physics and data assimilation changes have led to improved treatment of the development and erosion of low-level clouds, including subgrid-scale clouds. The final version of HRRR features storm-scale ensemble data assimilation and explicit prediction of wildfire smoke plumes.
Understanding the immigrant-native gap in childcare use: An empirical exploration for 21 European countries
Authors: Van Lancker Wim , Pavolini Emmanuele
Published: May 2022

In this contribution, we examine whether and why there is a gap in the use of formal childcare services between immigrant and native families across 21 European countries. We focus on three sets of potential determinants: (1) social class, education and labour market position; (2) immigrant-specific factors such as norms in the region of origin, citizenship acquisition and length of stay in the country of residence; and (3) contextual factors such structural constraints impeding access to childcare and traditional norms on motherhood in the region of origin. Drawing on data from the 2010 ad hoc module of the EU Labour Force Survey, we find evidence for an immigrant-native gap in formal childcare use. Adjusted for social class position, education and maternal employment, immigrant families are less likely to use childcare compared to native families across European countries. However, there are important cross-country differences in the size of this gap. The study also provides evidence for immigrant-specific explanations: acquiring citizenship and staying longer in the country of residence increases the probability to use childcare, while the strength of traditional norms in the region of origin reduces the probability to use childcare. Finally, we find that structural barriers to childcare use negatively affect childcare use for both native and immigrant families. Removing barriers to childcare use in terms of availability and affordability will benefit everyone.
How Idealized Professional Identities Can Persist through Client Interactions
Authors: DiBenigno Julia
Published: May 2022

How can a professional identity persist when it is mismatched with the reality of work demands in one’s first job? Existing theory suggests that new members of a profession should adapt their identities to align with their profession’s and organization’s goals. Using data from an ethnographic study of first-time hospital nurses, I develop the concept of idealized professional identities—identities rooted in the image and history of an occupation rather than in reality—and depict how these identities can persist through client interactions despite negative consequences. When left unchecked under the increasingly common conditions of weak on-the-job socialization, nurses in my study with idealized identities infantilized patients and purposefully avoided patients who denied their idealized identities even though these practices ran counter to the patient satisfaction and empowerment goals of the organization and nursing profession. The opportunity to enact cherished idealized identities with the few clients who granted them may have perpetuated these dynamics by supporting the retention of professionals who otherwise may have exited. This study suggests that socialization into a professional role may come not only from interactions with professional gatekeepers, peers, or organizational management but also from the internalization of idealized professional identities that may be kept alive through interactions with and about one’s clients.
Applicant Perspectives of Virtual General Surgery Residency Interviews
Authors: Finney Nicole , Stopenski Stephen , Smith Brian R.
Published: May 2022

Background

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted drastic changes to residency recruitment. The majority of general surgery residency interviews for the 2020-2021 interview cycle were restructured into a virtual format. The goal of this study is to evaluate general surgery residency applicants’ perception of virtual interviews.

Methods

A secure, anonymous, web-based survey was developed, tested, and distributed via email to all candidates who applied to the University of California Irvine general surgery residency program for Match 2021.

Results

1239 general surgery applicants were invited after Match Day 2021 to take the survey, and 167 (13.5%) completed the survey and were included in the final analysis. Applicants received and accepted a median of 10 (Interquartile range [IQR], 5-18) and 9 (IQR, 5-15) interviews. Using a Likert scale, candidates revealed they were most satisfied with introduction and program overview (72.5%) and interactions with faculty (70.6%). Applicants were dissatisfied with pre-interview socials (66.9%) and hospital tours (66.2%). When evaluating programs, they had the most difficulty discerning program culture and resident autonomy. Most applicants (54%) were satisfied with the virtual format and 52% believed that virtual format should continue.

Discussion

The majority of applicants were satisfied with virtual interviews and could foresee the format continuing in the future.
Establishment of a novel ELISA system for measuring periostin independently of formation of the IgA complex
Authors: Takai Masayuki , Ono Junya , Okamoto Masaki , Fujimoto Kiminori , Kamei Ayami , Nunomura Satoshi , Nanri Yasuhiro , Ohta Shoichiro , Hoshino Tomoaki , Azuma Arata , Izuhara Kenji
Published: May 2022

Background

Periostin, a matricellular protein that modulates cell functions having various pathophysiological roles, has the potential to be a useful biomarker for various diseases. We recently found that periostin forms a complex with IgA in human serum, which may affect the periostin measurement.

Methods

We investigated (1) whether the formation of the periostin-IgA complex affects the original periostin ELISA system, decreasing the values of serum periostin? (2) bow each domain of periostin affects periostin measurement by the original periostin ELISA system? (3) whether we can establish a novel ELISA system that is not affected by formation of the IgA complex?

Results

The periostin value at the reducing condition was significantly higher than that of the non-reducing condition, demonstrating that formation of the IgA complex affects periostin measurement. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for periostin recognizing the EMI and R1 domains immunoprecipitated serum periostin in the reducing condition more than in the non-reducing condition, whereas the mAbs recognizing the R2 or R3 domain immunoprecipitated comparable amounts of serum periostin in the reducing and non-reducing conditions, suggesting the EMI and R1 domains contribute to formation of the complex with IgA. Using SS16A recognizing the R3 domain combined with SS17B recognizing the R4 domain, we established an ELISA system that was able to measure periostin independently of the IgA complex.

Conclusions

We have established a novel ELISA system that measures periostin independently of the IgA complex. This system is promising in identifying periostin as a biomarker for various diseases.
A review of methods used to kill laboratory rodents: issues and opportunities
Authors: Clarkson Jasmine M , Martin Jessica E , McKeegan Dorothy E F
Published: May 2022

Rodents are the most widely used species for scientific purposes. A critical pre-requisite of their use, based on utilitarian ethical reasoning, is the provision of a humane death when necessary for scientific or welfare grounds. Focussing on the welfare challenges presented by current methods, we critically evaluate the literature, consider emerging methodologies that may have potential for refinement and highlight knowledge gaps for future research. The evidence supports the conclusion that scientists and laboratory personnel should seek to avoid killing laboratory rodents by exposing them to carbon dioxide (CO2), unless exploiting its high-throughput advantage. We suggest that stakeholders and policymakers should advocate for the removal of CO2 from existing guidelines, instead making its use conditionally acceptable with justification for additional rationale for its application. With regards to physical methods such as cervical dislocation, decapitation and concussion, major welfare concerns are based on potential inaccuracy in application and their susceptibility to high failure rates. There is a need for independent quality-controlled training programmes to facilitate optimal success rates and the development of specialist tools to improve outcomes and reliability. Furthermore, we highlight questions surrounding the inconsistent inclusion criteria and acceptability of physical methods in international regulation and/or guidance, demonstrating a lack of cohesion across countries and lack of a comprehensive ‘gold standard’ methodology. We encourage better review of new data and championing of open access scientific resources to advocate for best practice and enable significant changes to policy and legislation to improve the welfare of laboratory rodents at killing.
“Can I Sing You My Song?” Songwriting in Elementary Music with Community Artist Mentors
Authors: Gallo Donna , Kuchenbrod Emily
Published: May 2022

In this article, we situate songwriting in elementary spaces as a vehicle for personal and musical expression and informed by popular music practices. We offer insights for how educators can anchor students’ work by encouraging them to create songs for a specific purpose like shedding light on social issues relevant to their lives. This article also addresses how community songwriters might support the creative musicianship of elementary students and the ways in which they can offer unique mentorship to students when they share musical interests and lived experiences. We offer pedagogical ideas and considerations for engaging elementary students in songwriting, and we connect these ideas to a recent elementary school songwriting project in partnership with community artists.
A Student-Led, Small-Group Approach to a cappella Music Arranging
Authors: Jordan Robert C.
Published: May 2022

This article presents a field-tested approach for integrating music arranging into middle and high school music ensembles. This project-based unit of study builds on scholarship in informal music learning and social constructivism. Reflections from former high school students who participated in the project help illuminate these connections. The article provides planning and assessment documents, recognizes students’ successes, proposes solutions to challenges encountered, and reports outcomes. The article and supplemental documents demonstrate how student-led, small-group music arranging can infuse middle and high school ensembles with student creativity and choice while providing opportunities for group collaboration.
Integrating Multidisciplinary Individualized Medication Recommendations Into the Traditional Pharmacists’ Consultation Method: A Retrospective Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Fan Xiucong , Chen Danxia , Bao Siwei , Bai Rong , Fang Fang , Dong Xiaohui , Zhang Yuyi , Zhang Xiaogang , Ma Yabin , Zhai Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

Chinese clinical pharmacists consider improving the quantity and quality of consultations to be an important task in providing better pharmaceutical care. To achieve this goal, we developed a clinical pharmacist consultation method using multidisciplinary individualized medication recommendations (MIMRs) and studied the effects of its implementation. A retrospective study of 812 clinical pharmacist-led consultations was conducted. In the pre-intervention group, medication advice was given based on the purpose of the consultation. In the post-intervention group, a consultation method using MIMRs was implemented, in which clinical pharmacists with specialties in anticoagulation, gastroenterology, and nutrition were asked to give individualized medication recommendations. Outcomes, including the effectiveness rate of consultations (ERC) and acceptance rate of consultations (ARC), were compared between the two groups using propensity score matching method. Patterns and numbers of consultations and individualized medication recommendations were also compared. The results showed that the ERC in the post-intervention group compared with the ERC in the pre-intervention group was 83.3% vs 74.0%, respectively (P < .05). Significant difference was also shown between the two groups in ARC (98.4% vs 92.2%, P < .05). The total number of consultations increased, as did the number of general consultations, multidisciplinary/difficult consultations, anti-infection consultations, and non–anti-infection consultations specifically. As a result, we proposed that the implementation of MIMRs can improve the effects of treatment and increase the number of consultations by pharmacists, which is worthy of further promotion to better serve physicians and patients.
An exploratory survey of the lived experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual South Africans of Indian descent: towards intersectional insights
Authors: Pillay Suntosh R
Published: May 2022

Despite a substantial body of research on Indian sub-culture in South Africa, few studies have explored its intersection with sexual and gender diversity. Similarly, despite growing research on the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in South Africa, there are few studies exploring its intersection with local Indian sub-groups. This article presents the results of the first national exploratory survey of the psychosocial experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender South Africans of Indian descent. A qualitative, online survey was conducted between June 2017 and July 2020. Participants were invited through a mix of purposive and snowball sampling. Descriptive statistics present a demographic profile of who responded to the survey and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data ( n = 73; aged 18–60). Most participants were gay males, lesbian women, and bisexual men and women, mostly from KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng province. Participants’ religious affiliations were mostly Hindu, Muslim, or Christian. Majority reported a postgraduate education and full-time employment. Four psychosocial themes are discussed: Conforming to conservative cultural norms; navigating a double life; troubled inclusion within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities; and the possibilities of hope and acceptance. Findings point to a need for an intersectional understanding of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender identity among South Africans of Indian descent, to deepen psychosocial theorization and empirical work on sexual and gender diversity within this historically excluded sub-group.
Letters to My Sisters: Advice From Black Women Alumnae About How to Thrive and Survive in College
Authors: Reavis Tangela Blakely , Winkle-Wagner Rachelle , Kelly Bridget Turner , Luedke Courtney L. , Mccallum Carmen M.
Published: May 2022

The college success of Black women has often been narrowly defined by outcome data and does not consider some of the challenges they experience that are often racialized and gendered. Despite the increase in the number of Black women attending and graduating from college, few authors have highlighted the unique strategies that help facilitate their success. What remains unclear is how Black women define college success for themselves and what is necessary for them to thrive and survive in higher education. The purpose of this article is to garner insight from Black women alumnae about what facilitates college success. We present a letter-writing conceptual framework rooted in Black feminist theorizing as a way to elevate Black women’s knowledge. These letters offer a 60-year historical examination of advice by Black women for Black women. The data for this analysis came from a larger critical oral history project of 105 Black women that focused on reflections of their college experiences. The analysis combines Black feminist thought with Maya Angelou’s Letter to My Daughter as a conceptual framework. Findings emphasized that there is not one monolithic set of advice for Black women to be successful in college. The advice stands in contrast to the essentializing, monolithic ways in which Black women are represented in the literature. Implications may offer knowledge and support to future generations of Black college-going women and transform higher education regarding how institutions may support Black women on their campuses.
Modeling Users’ Adoption of Shared Autonomous Vehicles Employing Actual Ridership Experiences
Authors: Etminani-Ghasrodashti Roya , Ketankumar Patel Ronik , Kermanshachi Sharareh , Rosenberger Jay Michael , Foss Ann
Published: May 2022

Despite the growing interest in implementing shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) as a new mobility mode, there is still a lack of methodologies to unpack SAV adoption by individuals after experiencing self-driving vehicles. This study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing data collected from a users’ survey of a self-driving shuttle piloted downtown and on a university campus in Arlington, TX. Employing structural equation modeling, the hypothesized relationships between SAV adoption and key factors were tested. Data analyses indicated that individuals with limited access to a private vehicles, low-income people, young adults, university students, males, and Asians were more likely to ride this new service. Furthermore, results showed that SAV service attributes, including internal and external service performance and usual transportation mode, affected users’ willingness to continue using the service in the future. The study also highlighted the role of trip waiting time, -purpose, and -frequency on SAV adoption. Our model simultaneously considered usual transportation mode and trip frequency as factors that could mediate the role of vehicle ownership on SAV adoption. The results suggested that participants with greater access to a private vehicle were strongly interested in using private vehicles and less likely to use the ridesharing alternative, consequently they less frequently used the piloted SAV. The outcomes from this study are expected to inform planners with advanced knowledge about emerging technology to help them to adjust SAV policies before autonomous vehicle services are fully on the roads.
The General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale: Psychometric Properties, Longitudinal Invariance, and Criterion Validity
Authors: van Zyl Llewellyn E. , Klibert Jeff , Shankland Rebecca , See-To Eric W. K. , Rothmann Sebastiaan
Published: May 2022

Academic self-efficacy (ASE) refers to a student’s global belief in his/her ability to master the various academic challenges at university and is an essential antecedent of wellbeing and performance. The five-item General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (GASE) showed promise as a short and concise measure for overall ASE. However, of its validity and reliability outside of Scandinavia is limited. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the psychometric properties, longitudinal invariance, and criterion validity of the GASE within a sample of university students (Time 1: n = 1056 & Time 2: n = 592) in the USA and Western Europe. The results showed that a unidimensional factorial model of overall ASE fitted the data well was reliable and invariant across time. Further, criterion validity was established by finding a positive relationship with task performance at different time stamps. Therefore, the GASE can be used as a valid and reliable measure for general ASE.
Book review: Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (Eds.). 2021. Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves
Authors: Jena Aniruddha
Published: May 2022

Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (Eds.). 2021. Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves. New York: Routledge, 287 pages, ₹1495, ISBN 978-0-367-74881-4 (hardback); £24.00, ISBN 978-1-003-05623-2 (e-book).
Cystic Neuronal Necrosis of Posterior Thalami in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case Report of an Unusual Radiological Finding
Authors: A. Ebinesh , Manchanda Alpana , Saraswat Prerana , Futela Dheeman , Kumar Ajay
Published: May 2022

Background:

Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs as a result of any event that causes hypoxia and hypoperfusion to the developing neonatal brain. In addition to being a major cause of neonatal mortality, it is also associated with significant long-term neurological deficits. Multicystic encephalomalacia is a sequelae to global hypoxic ischemic injury which is characterized by cortical atrophy, basal ganglia/thalamic atrophy, and cystic necrosis of cerebral white matter. In this report, we present an unusual finding of cystic necrosis of thalami in HIE.

Case Presentation:

We present the case of a term neonate with a history of prolonged labor and meconium aspiration who developed HIE stage III. The neonate initially required ventilator support and was gradually weaned off but was reintubated in view of neonatal sepsis. Magnetic resonance imaging done on day 23 revealed diffuse cortical and white matter atrophy, signal intensity alteration in basal ganglia and thalami, and multiple well-defined areas of cerebrospinal fluid signal intensity in the white matter, consistent with multicystic encephalomalacia. An additional unusual finding was cystic necrosis, symmetrically involving bilateral posterior thalami.

Conclusion:

According to our observation, severe prolonged hypoxic ischemic insult does not only result in central gray matter atrophy but can also cause cystic neuronal necrosis of the same.
Intergenerational class mobility in industrial and post-industrial societies: Towards a general theory
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H
Published: May 2022

A large body of often rather complex findings on intergenerational social mobility has by now come into existence but theoretical development has not kept pace. In this paper, focusing specifically on class mobility in European nations and the US, we aim, first of all, to identify the main empirical regularities that have emerged from research, making the now standard distinction between absolute and relative mobility. Next, we review previous theories of mobility, leading up to what we label as the liberal theory, and we note the difficulties now evident with the latter, associated with its functionalist basis. We then set out our own theory of intergenerational class mobility, grounded in the subjectively rational courses of action followed by the various actors involved. We seek to show how the empirical regularities described can in this way be accounted for, while pointing to additional evidence that supports the theory but also to ways in which it is open to further empirical test. Finally, we consider some more general implications of the theory and, on this basis, venture a number of – conditional – predictions on the future of class mobility in more advanced societies.
The Prognostic Effect of HER2 Gene Amplification in High-Grade Endometrial Carcinomas and its Correlation with Protein Overexpression
Authors: Bozkurt Kemal Kürşat , Çiriş İbrahim Metin , Başpınar Şirin , Çetin Bülent , Erdemoğlu Evrim , Bircan Sema , Ertunç Onur
Published: May 2022

Introduction. New therapeutic agents and biomarkers are needed for the treatment of aggressive endometrial cancer subtypes. Recently, HER2 has been recommended to be tested routinely in serous endometrial cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between HER2 (ERBB2) protein overexpression and HER2 gene amplification and the relationship of HER2 gene amplification with prognosis in cancers with serous morphology. In addition, the concordance of HER2 testing in paired curettage and hysterectomy specimens is also investigated. Methods. Twenty five serous carcinomas and 8 carcinosarcomas with a serous morphology were included in the study. HER2 staining was performed on whole tissue sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The system, which was proposed by Fader et al was used to evaluate the stainings. Results. Protein overexpression was detected in 27.3% (n = 9) of the cases, and gene amplification in 30.3% (n = 10). A significant positive correlation was found between the two methods ( P < .0001). HER2 IHC revealed a heterogeneous staining pattern, such as intense complete membranous in solid areas, and basolateral in papillary and glandular areas. HER2 gene amplification was significantly associated with shorter overall ( P = .005) and disease-free ( P = .014) survival. The concordence of the results in curettage and hysterectomy specimens was also significantly high. Conclusion. HER2 is an important prognostic and predictive marker for endometrial cancers with serous morphology. HER2 IHC/ISH testing can be performed by using diagnostic curettage specimens which contain enough viable tumor cells. However, pathologists should be aware of the intratumoral heterogeneity for HER2 staining.
Accounting for the State Fixed Effect for Municipal Cash Reserves: The Role of Financial and Institutional Variables
Authors: Pierson Kawika , Thompson Jon C. , Thompson Fred
Published: May 2022

One of the most important predictor variables in multistate studies of American municipal cash reserves is the state in which a municipality is located, and to date no research has explored why. In this paper, we show that two broad categories of variables can account for a large fraction of this puzzle. Average differences in financial variables and state-to-state institutional differences combine to absorb over 80% of the importance of state fixed effects, with financial variables mostly accounting for why cities in some states save less than the national average, and institutional variables doing a better job of accounting for why cities in some states save more than the national average.
Telephone calls and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Moreira Ana Marina , Marobin Roberta , Escott Gustavo Monteiro , Rados Dimitris Varvaki , Silveiro Sandra Pinho
Published: May 2022

Aims

In-depth and updated systematic reviews evaluating telephone calls in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management are missing. This study aimed to assess the effect of this intervention on glycemic control in T2DM patients when compared with usual care.

Methods

We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on T2DM using Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and LILACS, up to March 2021. The Risk of Bias 2.0 (Rob 2.0) tool and GRADE were used for the quality evaluation. The intervention effect was estimated by the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). PROSPERO registry CRD42020204519.

Results

3545 references were reviewed and 32 were included (8598 patients). Telephone calls, all approaching education, improved HbA1c by 0.33% [95% CI, −0.48% to −0.18%; I2 = 78%; p < 0.0001] compared to usual care. A greater improvement was found when the intervention included pharmacologic modification (−0.82%, 95% CI, −1.42% to −0.22%; I2 = 92%) and when it was applied by nurses (−0.53%, 95% CI, −0.86% to −0.2%; I2 = 87%). Meta-regression showed no relationship between DM duration and HbA1c changes.

Conclusion

The telephone call intervention provided a benefit regarding T2DM glycemic control, especially if provided by nurses, or if associated with patient education and pharmacological treatment modification.
Posthuman landscapes
Authors: Boyd Candice P , Straughan Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Cultural geography has a long tradition of embracing video as both an observational method and a form of public engagement with research findings. In this article, we describe the making of Posthuman Landscapes, a silent film composed of moving panoramic images depicting the landscapes of three regional Australian towns (Griffith, Port Hedland, and Port Lincoln), along with creative writing that responded to the material qualities of those places in the form of ‘tweets’. Created as part of Boyd’s 3-year project called ‘Engaging Youth in Regional Australia’, the film formed part of a touring exhibition designed to disseminate research findings to communities within these towns. As artist-geographers, we approached the making of the video from a posthuman perspective in which the human and non-human are entangled. Our conceptual guide for working creatively with the landscapes was the posthuman concept of enchantment, which considers how the extraordinary can appear within the everyday to shake and disrupt ordinary affects. The concept of enchantment inspired us to juxtapose the inevitable familiarity and unfamiliarity that the audiences in these three towns would encounter through the film as it traveled from place to place. Here, we discuss how this juxtaposition of the familiar and unfamiliar was layered through both our film-making and writing practices, how this juxtaposition attempted to promote a posthuman orientation to landscape, and how such creative engagements contribute to knowledge translation in cultural geographical research.
Responding to historical injustices: Collective inheritance and the moral irrelevance of group identity
Authors: Truccone-Borgogno Santiago
Published: May 2022

I argue that changes in the numerical identity of groups do not necessarily speak in favour of the supersession of some historical injustice. I contend that the correlativity between the perpetrator and the victim of injustices is not broken when the identity of groups changes. I develop this argument by considering indigenous people's claims in Argentina for the injustices suffered during the Conquest of the Desert. I argue that present claimants do not need to be part of the same entity whose members suffered injustices many years ago. For identifying the proper recipients of reparation, all that is necessary is that the group who suffered the historical injustice under consideration has survived into the present. I also support a view upon which present living members of a certain group have reasons to redress those injustices perpetrated by their predecessors if they are relevantly connected with each other. In particular, by relying on the notion of collective inheritance, I argue that if present-day members of a certain group claim that they are the continuation of the group whose past members bequeathed them certain goods, they cannot consistently reject such a membership when the very same people legated them certain evils.
The Big Lie(s): Situating the January 6th Coup Attempt Within White Supremacist Lies
Authors: Hawkman Andrea M. , Diem Sarah
Published: May 2022

Donald Trump’s attempts to retain power despite losing the 2020 presidential election by engaging in a wide-ranging mis/disinformation campaign has been framed as The Big Lie. By framing Trump’s attempts at stealing the election as The Big Lie, it erases the systemic presence of white supremacy and situates all other lies as truths. We utilize critical discourse analysis to construct an intersectional understanding of how Trump utilized lies in preparation for his attempted insurrection. In doing so, we situate these claims within the network of larger lies used to protect whiteness within the United States. Through this work, we highlight how educators can situate white supremacist lies within historical and contemporary racial realism in pursuit of anti-racist civic understanding.
Fatal Cutaneous Mucormycosis Caused by Apophysomyces elegans: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Munesh k , Katiyar Vivek K , Sharma Pooja , kumar Rajesh , Bhartiya Satyanam Kumar , Tilak Ragini
Published: May 2022

Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a consequence of environmental Mucorales spores inoculation at the abraded skin. In a diabetic patient, these spores germinate quickly and disseminate hematogenously to the surroundings. Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare but aggressive, invasive, and life-threatening fungal infection. Its presentation is nonspecific, but it rapidly results in necrosis of underneath tissues. Diagnosis can be readily made by KOH wet mount of excise tissue. However, a prompt diagnosis with multidisciplinary management is a prerequisite for a better outcome. We present a case of fatal cutaneous mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans, in a diabetic patient who succumbed to death despite extensive debridement and antifungal treatment.
Mouse embryonic stem cells require multiple amino acids
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Feng Jian
Published: May 2022

Previous studies suggest that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have a unique requirement for threonine when cultured in serum and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Here, we replicated the experiments and found that the growth of mESCs (E14 and AB2.2) in serum/LIF was significantly attenuated by the individual absence of multiple amino acids. When mESCs were maintained in naïve pluripotency by the MEK inhibitor, GSK3 inhibitor (2i), and LIF, their growth was significantly affected by the lack of any one of the nine essential amino acids or some non-essential amino acids. There was no unique requirement for threonine in both culture conditions. This study shows that, like many other cells, mESCs do not have any special requirements for amino acids.
Post-Rape Experiences of Undocumented Mexican Women in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region: A Critical Ethnography
Authors: Acosta Lauren A. , Morris McEwen Marylyn
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Numerous undocumented immigrant women in the United States have survived rape, and many have experienced physical and psychological consequences. Although rape disclosure can facilitate early intervention and improve health outcomes, most undocumented immigrant women do not disclose rape, and little is known about their post-rape experiences. Methods: This critical ethnography explored the post-rape experiences of undocumented immigrant women of Mexican (UIWM) origin living in the U.S. Mexico border region. Data collection and analysis were guided by Carspecken's framework for critical qualitative research. Six women, who identified as UIWM participated in the study. Each was interviewed using a semistructured approach. Results: Interview data revealed three domains: Glimpses of Support, Barrier After Barrier, and Overcoming. In accordance with Carspecken's framework, a theoretical lens was applied to these domains. The application of Feminist Intersectional Theory and Standpoint Theory united the domains into the theme Struggling to Heal. Conclusion: This study suggests that the marginalization of these survivors detrimentally impacts their post-rape experiences and describes the intersections of multiple forces on their experiences, including the cultural and sociopolitical context of the border region. This study lays the foundation for future research aimed at mitigating disclosure and help-seeking barriers for this marginalized group.
Exploring the Perceptions Surrounding Hospital Chaplains in Patient Care and Healing
Authors: Ma Yangmyung , Riaz Armaan , Shaikh Aitzaz Munir , Bhatti Dujanah Siddique , Farid Mohammed , Khan Muhammad Adil Abbas
Published: May 2022

The authors distributed a questionnaire to various hospital staff to explore perceptions surrounding the role of chaplains in patient care and healing through assessing opinions, beliefs, and knowledge. Results revealed a poor understanding of the role of the hospital chaplain in the UK. The authors therefore advocate education programs to increase awareness of the varied role of the hospital chaplain in fulfilling patient spiritual needs to increase referral practices, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Comparative cost analysis of liquid embolization systems for brain arteriovenous malformation using a real-world US hospital database: TRUFILL® versus OnyxTM
Authors: Satti Sudhakar R , Fan Xiaozhou , Kottenmeier Emilie , Khanna Rahul , Rai Ansaar T
Published: May 2022

Background

Liquid embolic systems (LES) such as n-butyl cyanoacrylate-based TRUFILL® and ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer-based OnyxTM are widely used for the embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). The purpose of this study was to compare hospital cost and length of stay (LOS) among unruptured bAVM patients undergoing embolization procedures with TRUFILL versus Onyx LES.

Methods

Adult patients with unruptured bAVMs undergoing endovascular embolization with TRUFILL or Onyx LES between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020 were identified from the Premier Healthcare Database. Baseline covariates among the two groups were balanced using propensity score matching. Outcomes including total procedure cost, supply cost, and LOS were examined. A Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to assess outcomes in the matched cohorts.

Results

A total of 1072 patients were included in the study; 140 embolized with TRUFILL (mean age 47.06 [15.72] years, 45.70% male) and 932 embolized with Onyx (mean age 46.80 [16.65] years, 52.30% male). In the post-match cohort, the total procedure costs were lower for the TRUFILL (n = 130) versus Onyx (n = 333) group, though not significantly ($36,798 vs. $40,988; odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–1.10; p = 0.30). However, supply cost was significantly lower for hospitalizations with TRUFILL compared to Onyx use ($13,281 vs. $16,371, OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98; p = 0.026). Hospital LOS was similar in these two groups (TRUFILL: 4.05 vs. Onyx: 4.06 days; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.42; p = 0.99).

Conclusions

In a large, multi-center, real-world sample of patients undergoing bAVM embolization, TRUFILL use was associated with significantly lower supply cost compared to Onyx use.
Mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in oral lichen planus: A literature review
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2022

Oral lichen planus is a chronic non-infectious mucosal inflammatory disease caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species homeostasis and antioxidant defense systems. Notably, excessive oxidative stress products result in related autoimmune reactions. Further, it activates signaling pathways related to the development of oral lichen planus, as evidenced by the detection of damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and lipid. Thus, the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus are numerous and complex. In this review, we first introduce oxidative stress and oxidative products. Then, we summarize the role and possible mechanisms of reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus and present a clinical correlation between oxidative stress and oral lichen planus. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives.
Analysing the impact of being a sole or primary carer for dependent relatives on the sentencing of women in the Crown Court, England and Wales
Authors: Kane Erica , Minson Shona
Published: May 2022

Most quantitative sentencing research treats women and men as a homogeneous group leading to gaps in the literature regarding women’s experiences of sentencing procedures. This is problematic given the vast array of known harms that result from incarcerating women, particularly those with caring responsibilities for children. This exploratory article shares the findings from a quantitative study which considers the sentencing of women, with a particular focus on the ‘sole or primary carer for dependent relatives’ mitigation when applied to mothers. Using data from the Crown Court Sentencing Survey 2011–2015, a sample of 18,314 women defendants was derived and investigated using descriptive, bivariate and regression analysis to explore the relationship between the ‘caring’ mitigation and non-custodial sentences. The findings suggest that when the mitigation is applied to sentences of women who are carers of dependents, it does not have a strong enough relationship with non-custodial sentences. This article provides hitherto unknown statistical data and highlights the need for further research.
Looking ahead: giant-cell arteritis in 10 years time
Authors: Bond Milena , Tomelleri Alessandro , Buttgereit Frank , Matteson Eric L. , Dejaco Christian
Published: May 2022

Although great improvements have been achieved in the fields of diagnosing and treating patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA) in the last decades, several questions remain unanswered. The progressive increase in the number of older people, together with growing awareness of the disease and use of advanced diagnostic tools by healthcare professionals, foretells a possible increase in both prevalence and number of newly diagnosed patients with GCA in the coming years. A thorough clarification of pathogenetic mechanisms and a better definition of clinical subsets are the first steps toward a better understanding of the disease and, subsequently, toward a better use of existing and future therapeutic options. Examination of the role of different imaging techniques for GCA diagnosing and monitoring, optimization, and personalization of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents, further development and introduction of novel drugs, identification of prognostic factors for long-term outcomes and management of treatment discontinuation will be the central topics of the research agenda in years to come.
A New Sterol From the Polypore Fungus Ganoderma luteomarginatum and Its Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Htoo Zin Paing , Kodama Takeshi , Win Nwet Nwet , Ikumi Naotaka , Shiokawa Ken-ichi , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

A new sterol, ganolutol A (1), together with 4 known compounds 2 to 5, were isolated from the polypore fungus Ganoderma luteomarginatum collected in Myanmar. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with comparisons with published data. Compounds 1 to 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and HeLa (cervical) human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 10.1 to 86.6 μM.
Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against bovine viruses of importance to commercial cattle health
Authors: Newman Robert A. , Chase Christopher C.L. , Matos Jose R. , Abdelsalam Karim , Buterbaugh Robin , Van Holland Sonja , Abdelaal Hadia , Woolum Amelia , Jagannadha Sastry K
Published: May 2022

Background

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). and bovine coronavirus (BCV) threaten the productivity of cattle worldwide. Development of therapeutics that can control the spread of these viruses is an unmet need. The present research was designed to explore the in vitro antiviral activity of the Nerium oleander derived cardiac glycoside oleandrin and a defined N. oleander plant extract (PBI-05204) containing oleandrin.

Methods

Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, Bovine Turbinate (BT) cells, and Human Rectal Tumor-18 (HRT-18) cells were used as in vitro culture systems for BVDV, BRSV and BCV, respectively. Cytotoxicity was established using serial dilutions of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Noncytotoxic concentrations of each drug were used either prior to or at 12 h and 24 h following virus exposure to corresponding viruses. Infectious virus titers were determined following each treatment.

Results

Both oleandrin as well as PBI-05204 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against BVDV, BRSV, and BCV, in a dose-dependent manner, when added prior to or following infection of host cells. Determination of viral loads by PCR demonstrated a concentration dependent decline in virus replication. Importantly, the relative ability of virus produced from treated cultures to infect new host cells was reduced by as much as 10,000-fold at noncytotoxic concentrations of oleandrin or PBI-05204.

Conclusions

The research demonstrates the potency of oleandrin and PBI-05204 to inhibit infectivity of three important enveloped bovine viruses in vitro. These data showing non-toxic concentrations of oleandrin inhibiting infectivity of three bovine viruses support further investigation of in vivo antiviral efficacy.