bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing contrastive inferences from suprasegmental features using offline measures
Authors: Alsop Anna , Stranahan Elaine , Davidson Kathryn
Published: June 2018

Speakers add modifiers to the extent that they are informative (Grice 1975); studies using the visual world eye-tracking paradigm find that the use of pre-nominal modifiers (short, big) leads listeners to infer the existence of similar objects differing along that same scale (Grodner & Sedivy 2011; Sedivy et al. 1999). In this study, we probe these contrastive inferences using an offline questionnaire, paired with audio/video stimuli to ask whether similar inferences extend to two types of suprasegmental features: prosodic focus and depictive co-speech gestures. Our results suggest that the presence of a scalar adjective robustly leads to contrastive inferences in this offline forced choice paradigm, and that the robustness of the lexical pattern persists even when prosodic focus would indicate otherwise. Prosodic focus does, however, appear to modulate the contrastive effect of a given pre-nominal modifier. We find that the same pragmatic process fails to extend to depictive co-speech gestures, supporting a semantic analysis of these gestures as generally not-at-issue contributions.
The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-enhanced R-II Star Known
Authors: Holmbeck Erika M. , Beers Timothy C. , Roederer Ian U. , Placco Vinicius M. , Hansen Terese T. , Sakari Charli M. , Sneden Christopher , Liu Chao , Lee Young Sun , Cowan John J. , Frebel Anna
Published: June 2018

We report the discovery of a new actinide-boost star, 2MASS J09544277+5246414, originally identified as a very bright (V = 10.1), extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −2.99) K giant in the LAMOST survey, and found to be highly r-process-enhanced (r-II; [Eu/Fe] = +1.28]), during the snapshot phase of the R-Process Alliance (RPA). Based on a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), high-resolution spectrum obtained with the Harlan J. Smith 2.7 m telescope, this star is the first confirmed actinide-boost star found by RPA efforts. With an enhancement of [Th/Eu] = +0.37, 2MASS J09544277+5246414 is also the most actinide-enhanced r-II star yet discovered, and only the sixth metal-poor star with a measured uranium abundance ([U/Fe] = +1.40). Using the Th/U chronometer, we estimate an age of 13.0 ± 4.7 Gyr for this star. The unambiguous actinide-boost signature of this extremely metal-poor star, combined with additional r-process-enhanced and actinide-boost stars identified by the RPA, will provide strong constraints on the nature and origin of the r-process at early times.
Association of Physical Activity with Late-life Mobility Limitation among Women with Total Joint Replacement for Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Shadyab Aladdin H. , Eaton Charles B. , Li Wenjun , LaCroix Andrea Z.
Published: June 2018

Objective.

To examine the association between leisure-time physical activity (PA) and survival to age 85 with mobility limitation or death before age 85 after total knee (TKR) or total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

This was a prospective study among participants from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), recruited 1993–1998 (baseline age 65–79 yrs) and followed through 2012. Medicare claims data were linked to WHI data to determine TKR (n = 1986) and THR (n = 1034). Self-reported PA was collected before total joint replacement (TJR).

Results.

Women who were physically inactive before THR had the highest risk of mobility limitation at age 85 (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.30–4.26) compared with women who had the highest amount of PA [> 17.42 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hrs/week]. Women who reported no moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) before THR had the strongest risk of mobility limitation (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.24–3.22) compared with women with the highest level of MPVA (≥ 15 MET-hrs/week). Women who were physically inactive before TKR had the highest risk of mobility limitation (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.15–2.45) compared with women who had the highest PA level. Women who reported no MVPA before TKR had the strongest risk of mobility limitation (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.16–2.19) compared with women with the highest level of MPVA. There were significant dose-response associations of lower PA levels with increased risk of late-life mobility limitation and death.

Conclusion.

Women with lower PA levels before TJR were more likely to experience mobility limitation in late life following TJR for hip or knee OA.
Le recours de tutelle dans le contentieux des actes des autorités municipales au Cameroun : entre consécration législative et incertitudes jurisprudentielles
Authors: Fandjip Olivier
Published: June 2018

La saisine du juge administratif, en droit positif camerounais, lorsqu’elle concerne les actes des autorités municipales est conditionnée par l’introduction préalable, non seulement, d’un recours gracieux, mais aussi et surtout d’un recours de tutelle. En dépit de cette prescription, des incertitudes demeurent quant à la prise en compte de la seconde exigence. Deux décisions, rendues par la Chambre administrative de la Cour suprême et à l’occasion desquelles celle-ci va déclarer irrecevables des requêtes en se fondant sur l’absence d’un recours de tutelle, alimentent ces incertitudes. Il en est ainsi parce que ces jugements ne semblent pas avoir marqué un retour à la normalité, encore moins une certaine stabilité car, quelques années plus tard, ladite Chambre va revenir sur sa position. La question demeure donc celle de savoir si le recours de tutelle serait une condition impérative quant à la recevabilité des actions devant le juge administratif. L’absence de pérennité de la jurisprudence, en la matière, ne permet pas d’y apporter une réponse tranchée.
L’attribution de droits réels aux occupants du domaine public : une reformulation a-propriétariste
Authors: Grosdidier Jean
Published: June 2018

L’analyse fonctionnelle proposée ici au sujet des droits réels attribués à l’occupant du domaine public distinguera la notion de propriété et ces droits réels. Elle permet alors de reformuler la question de leur conformité avec le domaine public. Finalement, seule l’occupation doit être compatible avec l’affectation. Ayant pour but de permettre ce qui est strictement nécessaire à l’occupation effective, l’attribution de droits réels et les opérations postérieures éventuellement effectuées à partir de celui-ci doivent simplement ne pas mettre à mal cette compatibilité. Ainsi devrait pouvoir s’expliquer la compétence de l’autorité administrative sur ces droits réels et le contrôle de son exercice par le juge administratif. Les droits réels en dehors de leur fonction ne devraient alors plus pouvoir être imputés sur le titre, leur validité ne pourrait plus être soutenue dans l’abstrait. Ces droits réels, libérés de l’essentialisme des notions, apparaissent cantonnés à leur fonction de valorisation de l’occupation du domaine public. À chercher à leur faire dire autre chose, on en perd leur signification ?
Jules Soury (1842-1915), traducteur de Ernst Haeckel
Authors: Bossi Laura
Published: June 2018

Chartiste parisien, Jules-Auguste Soury (1842-1915) a traduit en français trois ouvrages de l’éminent zoologue darwiniste allemand Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) : Les Preuves du transformisme (Germer Baillière, 1879), Le Règne des protistes (Reinwald, 1879) et Essais de psychologie cellulaire (Germer Baillière, 1880). Les archives du Ernst-Haeckel-Haus à Iéna conservent trente-cinq lettres inédites adressées par Soury à Haeckel entre 1878 et 1914. Ce corpus permet de suivre quelques étapes clés de la vie de Soury, comme l’échec de « sa » chaire d’Histoire des Religions au Collège de France et sa nomination par son mentor Paul Bert à l’École des Hautes Études, où il enseignera l’histoire de la psychologie physiologique et rédigera son opus magnum, Le Système nerveux central (1899) ; il confirme par ailleurs l’interprétation rigidement mécaniste, matérialiste et athée des théories haeckeliennes par Soury, déjà évidente dans les longues préfaces qu’il rédige pour ses traductions. Ces lettres illustrent également l’évolution des relations entre le traducteur et l’auteur, allant de l’admiration à la déception. Lorsque Haeckel lui envoie son livre Der Monismus, Soury rédigera une virulente lettre de rupture (27 décembre 1892), dans laquelle il affirme ne plus pouvoir suivre le maître dans sa nouvelle religion moniste, « avec sa trinité du Beau, du Vrai, du Bien ». Dans sa dernière lettre, envoyée en 1914 à l’occasion du 80e anniversaire de Haeckel, après un long intervalle et juste avant l’éclatement de la Grande Guerre, Soury évoquera toutefois le souvenir nostalgique du temps passé à ses traductions, de celles qui furent « ses meilleures heures, des heures de travail et de méditation ».
L’âme cellulaire et l’ésotérisme moderne de Haeckel
Authors: Erdbeer Robert Matthias
Published: June 2018

L’analyse suivante porte sur le style, l’écriture et les stratégies de l’ésotérisme moderne. On y analyse des formes hybrides de la Weltanschauung et la manière dont certains auteurs complètent, évaluent, perfectionnent et défient les méthodes des sciences naturelles. La thèse principale est que l’ésotérisme moderne ouvre la voie pour une « épistémologie alternative » ou une « contre-science » (Parawissenschaft) qui constitueraient à la fois un pôle opposé aux sciences et leur plus proche allié. Ernst Haeckel a été admiré et détesté comme un des principaux représentants d’une telle « contre-science » au xixe siècle. Il a fondé ses idées d’une morphologie darwinienne et d’un monisme philosophique sur une terminologie proprement « alternative ». Cet article traite de son concept de la « cytopsyché » (Zellseele, l’âme cellulaire) et du discours dans lequel il est formulé. Ces « cellules de l’âme » apparaissent comme les arcanes d’une subtile architecture moniste, mais révèlent aussi une écriture populaire et évocatrice.
Une manufacture de céramique vue à travers ses déchets : expérience pluridisciplinaire autour d’un dépotoir
Authors: Bonnot Thierry
Published: June 2018

En France, l’archéologie industrielle s’est développée à partir des années 1970. Dans ce domaine, les opérations de fouilles demeurent assez rares, l’essentiel des recherches portant sur le bâti encore en élévation. Cet article retrace une expérience de fouille archéologique du contemporain, menée en Bourgogne, dans le dépotoir d’une entreprise de fabrication céramique daté du xxe siècle, montrant que la problématique du déchet industriel est d’un intérêt considérable pour l’archéologie comme pour les autres sciences humaines, dont l’anthropologie.
L’archéologie de la Grande Guerre : une nécessaire interdisciplinarité
Authors: Landolt Michaël
Published: June 2018

Les vestiges de la Grande Guerre sont désormais pris en considération par les archéologues. Bien qu’opportuniste à ses débuts, à la fin des années 1980, l’archéologie du premier conflit mondial a su développer des problématiques scientifiques à travers différentes approches. Au moment où s’éteignait le dernier vétéran du conflit, en 2011, la découverte du « Pompéi de la Grande Guerre » à Carspach (Haut-Rhin) a permis de mettre au jour un vaste abri souterrain où vingt et un soldats allemands avaient été ensevelis en mars 1918. Cette fouille a déclenché de nombreuses réflexions méthodologiques pluridisciplinaires autour de la discipline archéologique.
L’âge de la Corne (1882-1887) : analyse historique, épistémologique et archéologique d’un production suisse de falsifications lacustres
Authors: Lehmann Cloé
Published: June 2018

L’âge de la Corne correspond à une production de faux archéologiques en os et en bois de cerf, polis et décorés de motifs géométriques caractéristiques. Ceux-ci ont été réalisés dans les années 1880 sur les rives du lac de Neuchâtel (Suisse) lors d’une intense phase d’exploitation des sites palafittiques. Ce phénomène, représentatif du développement et du succès des falsifications lacustres à la fin du xixe siècle, est ici étudié selon trois angles d’analyse : l’histoire, l’épistémologie et l’archéologie.
Entre condamnation de l'esprit juif et déférence à son égard, Wilhelm Emrich
Authors: Pillau Helmut
Published: June 2018

Au cours des dernières décennies il est arrivé fréquemment que d’éminents intellectuels allemands se voient confrontés à leur passé trouble sous le Troisième Reich. Ceci vaut également pour le germaniste berlinois de renom, Wilhelm Emrich. Après que sa grossière polémique antisémite, datant de 1943, fut révélée publiquement et notamment après son décès survenu en 1998, sa réputation de chercheur s’en trouvait sérieusement ternie. La reproduction du texte compromettant (dans la traduction de Joseph Kolbl) est suivie d’une étude de l’un de ses anciens étudiants qui tente, sur la base de ses expériences personnelles, d’analyser le cas de Wilhelm Emrich en explorant plusieurs pistes.
Vie et mort de deux femmes juives. À l’ombre d’un mari et d’un père
Authors: Delmaire Danielle , Faidit Jean‑Michel
Published: June 2018

Dweira Bernson (1871-1944) et sa fille Reysa Bernson (1904‑1944) sont des inconnues à Lille alors que leur mari et père, Désiré Verhaeghe (1874‑1927), a donné son nom à une rue et à une école. Pourtant, elles ont oeuvré autant que lui pour le bien-être des petites gens.Désiré Verhaeghe fut un médecin, adjoint au maire socialiste de Lille pour la santé et l’hygiène. Il ouvrit un dispensaire dans un quartier ouvrier et pauvre et il y fit ériger une école de plein air. Il décéda en 1927, en plein succès politique.Son épouse Dweira Bernson, juive venue de Biélorussie pour étudier à Lille, fut également médecin et oeuvra à l’amélioration de la santé des ouvrières et de leurs enfants, au sein d’un hôpital populaire.Sa fille Reysa Bernson, astrophysicienne, se démena, dans les années trente pour diffuser des connaissances en astronomie auprès des écoliers et des lycéens. Elle fut responsable du planétarium à l’exposition de 1937 à Paris.En 1939-1940, elles semblent avoir quitté Lille. On retrouve leur nom, en février 1944, sur une liste de personnes juives arrêtées à Dreux. Elles furent transférées à Drancy puis déportées, le 7 mars 1944, à Auschwitz dont elles ne revinrent pas.
Improvement of Nutritional Intake in Intensive Care Unit Patients via a Nurse-Led Enteral Nutrition Feeding Protocol
Authors: Orinovsky Ira , Raizman Ela
Published: June 2018

Background

Enteral nutrition in intensive care unit patients has important prognostic clinical value. Feeding protocols are recommended by clinical practice guidelines as a key strategy to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of enteral feedings.

Objective

To examine whether enteral nutrition in critically ill patients could be improved by implementation of a nurse-led evidence-based feeding protocol.

Methods

An interprofessional group of intensive care unit nurses, physicians, and a clinical dietitian designed a protocol to address and correct the shortcomings of enteral feeding. Data on feeding and clinical outcomes were collected retrospectively for patients for 12 months before (control group) and then for 12 months after (interventional group) implementation of the protocol.

Results

Enteral feeding was started significantly earlier (P = .007) after admission to the intensive care unit in the intervention group (52.3 hours; SD, 42.6) than in the control group (70.3 hours; SD, 65.2). Use of the protocol resulted in a significant increase in nutritional intake; 90% of patients in the intervention group but only 34% in the traditional feeding group achieved their caloric target within 96 hours after admission (P < .001). After implementation of the protocol, cessation of feeding due to intolerance was significantly less (P = .03) in the intervention group (6%) than in the traditional feeding group (14 %), and no adverse events were detected.

Conclusions

Adherence to standardized guidelines with a written protocol for an early start and timely escalation of enteral feeding can improve nutritional intake among intensive care unit patients.
Heavy use of antibiotics in aquaculture: Emerging human and animal health problems – A review
Authors: Manage Pathmalal M.
Published: June 2018

Antibiotics have been extensively and effectively used in aquaculture due to accelerated growth of aquaculture and this has resulted in the development of serious health problems in aquaculture, other animals, and human. The use of a wide variety of antibiotics in large amounts, including non-biodegradable antibiotics, ensures that they remain in the aquatic environment for a long time. This has resulted; the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environments, an increase of antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens, transfer of these resistance determinants to bacteria and then land animals and finally become human pathogens along with alterations of the bacterial ﬂora both in sediments and in the water column. Thus, the global efforts are needed to promote more judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture as accumulating evidence indicates that unrestricted use is detrimental to fish, terrestrial animals and human health.
Misconceptions of mangrove ecology and their implications on conservation and management
Authors: Amarasinghe Mala D.
Published: June 2018

Being uniquely located in the harsh inter-tidal zone between land and sea, mangroves have long been considered mosquito-infested stinky and muddy environments, that can be made worthy only through “development” and converted to land suitable for other lucrative land uses such as coconut cultivation, homestead/ urban/ tourism related infrastructure development. Mangrove ecological research initiated in Florida in the late 60’s gave an insight over their ecological value and their potential positive influence on fisheries (secondary productivity) of estuaries and coastal waters through nutrient cycling. Apart from taxonomic and biogeographic studies, considerable research effort has since been devoted globally that has elucidated the nature of ecological functions of mangrove ecosystems ranging from primary productivity and carbon sequestration to nutrient cycling and maintenance of coastal biodiversity that has generated an invaluable knowledge base useful to draw up sustainable plans to conserve mangroves which are under heavy anthropogenic pressure. A few misconceptions however are often encountered with regard to characterization of mangrove habitats and species exclusive to them that inflict far-reaching negative impacts on mangrove conservation. This paper analyses them with the available scientific knowledge base and identifies the potential driving forces that contribute to pseudo-science that leads to eventual loss of mangroves and their invaluable ecological functions.
Fisheries enhancements in inland waters in Sri Lanka with special reference to culture based fisheries: current status and impacts
Authors: Chandrasoma Jayantha , Pushpalatha K. B. Chandrani
Published: June 2018

Sri Lanka is endowed with more than 12,000 reservoirs. Depending on their hydrological regimes, they are broadly categorized into perennial and seasonal reservoirs and are secondarily used for the development of inland fisheries. This paper discusses the importance and status of culture-based fisheries (CBF) in reservoirs of Sri Lanka and assess the impacts of introduction of CBF. The CBF in seasonal reservoirs was initiated in the 1980s and it is well documented. There are around 200,000 ha of perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka and CBF in perennial reservoirs is a recent development. Introduction of CBF into perennial reservoirs has resulted in significant increases in fish production, increased availability of fresh fish to rural communities, enhanced livelihood opportunities and income for fishers and strengthening the rural economy. Progress achieved so far in respect of seasonal reservoirs has not reached the envisaged levels.Nile tilapia, catla, rohu and mrigal are the main contributory species for fish production through CBF in perennial reservoirs. Although the contribution to fish catches is low, stocking of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is financially feasible. Adequate stocking with suitable species, the existence of active Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and their involvement in planning and implementation of CBF, and the existence of a legal framework which facilitate implementation of activities pertaining to CBF are the key factors for successful implementation and sustainability of CBF in perennial reservoirs.
Assessing the nuclear level impacts upon exposure to Bispyribac–sodium and Carbosulfan in Poecilia reticulata and Aplocheilus parvus
Authors: Fernando G. K. Achini W. , Jayakody Sevvandi , Wijenayake W. M. H. Kelum , Galappaththy Gawrie N. L. , Yatawara Mangala , Harishchandra R. D. Jeevanie
Published: June 2018

Conventional chemical controlling, due to harmful effects on the environment and animal health, is less appreciated and discouraged today. The impacts to exposed organisms are multiple, but changes at nuclear level can result in long-term impacts to exposed populations. Such chemical exposure can also negatively impact fish that are intentionally introduced to aquatic systems for mosquito vector control. Hence, two types of fish, guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and dwarf panchax (Aplocheilus parvus) used for mosquito control, were tested to the sensitivity to insecticide, Carbosulfan, and weedicide, Bispyribac–sodium in the present study. Lethal average concentration (LC50)was measured for both chemicals. Gills and liver of moribund and survived fish were stained with Heamotoxyin and Eocin to determine the histological changes. Level of cell necrosis was calculated through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d'UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The 96h acute LC50 value of Bispyribac-Sodium to A. parvus and P. reticulata were 1.280 mg L-1 and 2.370 mg L-1 respectively. The 96h acute LC50 value of Carbosulfan to A. parvus and P. reticulata were 0.315 mg L-1 and 0.028 mg L-1 respectively. Lamellar fusion, filament and lamellar epithelium proliferation, curling of secondary lamellae, hypoplasia and necrosis in gills were observed in treated fish. The percentage of damaged nuclei in the liver of treated A. parvus to Bispyribac–sodium indicated a significantly higher number of damaged nuclei in all treatments except in the lowest concentration (0.025–0.075 mg L-1) compared to control (P<0.005). P. reticulata which were exposed to Carbosulfan resulted in a significantly higher percentage of damaged nuclei in all treatments (1.10–1.85 mg L-1) compared to control group (P<0.005). Results highlighted potential nuclear level impacts due to exposure to Bispyribac–sodium and Carbosulfan. In addition to determining LC50 for chemcials, studies should also focus on surviving fish and their genetic make up.
Morphology of antennae ofDendroctonus vitei(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), with special reference to sensilla clustered into pit craters
Authors: López María Fernanda , Armendáriz-Toledano Francisco , Albores-Medina Arnulfo , Zúñiga Gerardo
Published: June 2018

As reported recently by the authors, the third and fourth antennomeres of the antennal club of the bark beetleDendroctonus viteiWood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) possess conoid sensilla clustered inside spherical or bulb-shaped invaginations of the cuticle that resemble geological pit craters. These structures are novel relative to otherDendroctonusErichson species examined. The morphology and ultrastructure of different sensilla types on the antennal club and within the pit craters ofD. viteiare herein described in detail with the aid of light, environmental scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Five types of sensilla were found: fluted, basiconica type I, and trichodea types I, II, and III. The pit craters were composed of clusters of multiporous sensilla basiconica arising from the inner surface of the concavities, and the morphology and ultrasructure of these sensilla are consistent with an olfactory function. The presence of pit craters in theD. viteion the anterior side of the antennal club is an diagnostic character for this species and an autapomorphy of great taxonomic importance within theDendroctonus frontalisZimmermann species complex.
Corrigendum: The effects of soluble corn fibre and isomaltooligosaccharides on blood glucose, insulin, digestion and fermentation in healthy young males and females
Authors: Lowery Ryan P. , Wilson Jacob M. , Barninger Andrew , Sharp Matthew H. , Irvin Christopher , Stefan Matthew , Wallace William A. , Wilson Gabriel J. , Roberts Michael D. , Wagner Ronald
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
О свойствах интегрируемости суперсимметричной бездисперсионной интегрируемой системы со взаимодействием
Authors: Mirza Arifa , ul Hassan Mahmood
Published: June 2018

Детально изучается проблема интегрируемости $N=1$ суперсимметричной бездисперсионной интегрируемой системы со взаимодействием. Представление Лакса для данной системы записано в виде ($3\times 3$)-матрицы пары Лакса для суперполей и показано, что условие нулевой кривизны соответствует суперсимметричной бездисперсионной системе со взаимодействием. Из фермионного суперполевого представления Лакса выведены связанные уравнения Риккати для суперполей, с помощью которых затем получается бесконечный набор суперполевых сохраняющихся токов. Исследовано преобразование Дарбу рассматриваемой системы и путем его многократного применения получены многосолитонные решения.
A comparison of a two-dimensional depth averaged flow model and
a three-dimensional RANS model for predicting tsunami inundation
and fluid forces
Authors: Qin Xinsheng , Motley Michael , LeVeque Randall , Gonzalez Frank , Mueller Kaspar
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The numerical modeling of tsunami inundation that incorporates the built environment of coastal communities is challenging for both depth-integrated 2D and 3D models, not only in modeling the flow, but also in predicting forces on coastal structures. For depth-integrated 2D models, inundation and flooding in this region can be very complex with variation in the vertical direction caused by wave breaking on shore and interactions with the built environment and the model may not be able to produce enough detail. For 3D models, a very fine mesh is required to properly capture the physics, dramatically increasing the computational cost and rendering impractical the modeling of some problems. In this paper, comparisons are made between GeoClaw, a depth-integrated 2D model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE), and OpenFOAM, a 3D model based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation for tsunami inundation modeling. The two models were first validated against existing experimental data of a bore impinging onto a single square column. Then they were used to simulate tsunami inundation of a physical model of Seaside, Oregon. The resulting flow parameters from the models are compared and discussed, and these results are used to extrapolate tsunami-induced force predictions. It was found that the 2D model did not accurately capture the important details of the flow near initial impact due to the transiency and large vertical variation of the flow. Tuning the drag coefficient of the 2D model worked well to predict tsunami forces on structures in simple cases but this approach was not always reliable in complicated cases. The 3D model was able to capture transient characteristic of the flow, but at a much higher computational cost; it was found this cost can be alleviated by subdividing the region into reasonably sized subdomains without loss of accuracy in critical regions.
Velocity increases at Cook Glacier, East Antarctica linked to ice shelf loss and a subglacial flood event
Authors: Miles Bertie W. J. , Stokes Chris R. , Jamieson Stewart S. R.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Cook Glacier drains a large proportion of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin in East Antarctica, a region thought to be vulnerable to marine ice sheet instability and with potential to make a significant contribution to sea-level. Despite its importance, there have been very few observations of its longer-term behaviour (e.g. of velocity or changes at its ice front). Here we use a variety of satellite imagery to produce a time-series of ice-front position change from 1947–2017 and ice velocity from 1973–2017. Cook Glacier has two distinct outlets (termed East and West) and we observe the near-complete loss of the Cook West Ice Shelf at some time between 1973 and 1989. This was associated with a doubling of the velocity of Cook West glacier, which may also be linked to previously published reports of inland thinning. The loss of the Cook West Ice Shelf is surprising given that the present-day ocean-climate conditions in the region are not typically associated with catastrophic ice shelf loss. However, we speculate that a more intense ocean-climate forcing in the mid-20th century may have been important in forcing its collapse. Since the loss of the Cook West Ice Shelf, the presence of landfast sea-ice and mélange in the newly formed embayment appears to be important in stabilising the glacier front and enabling periodic advances. We also observe a short-lived increase in velocity of Cook East between 2006 and 2007 which we link to the drainage of subglacial Lake Cook. Taken together, these observations suggest that the velocity, and hence discharge, of Cook Glacier is highly sensitive to changes at its terminus but a more detailed process-based analysis of this potentially vulnerable region requires further oceanic and bathymetric data.
The Need for New Tools to Break the Silos: Identity Categories in Hate Speech Legislation
Authors: Neller Jen
Published: June 2018

The implications of specifying certain identity categories have been widely debated in the context of hate crime laws and policies. However, they have been less thoroughly examined in the particular contexts of hate speech. Although the majority of laws regulating speech do not differentiate between identity categories, the ‘stirring up’ offences of the United Kingdom Public Order Act 1986 are stratified along grounds of race, religion and sexual orientation. This article argues that, while the concerns raised about identity categories in relation to hate crime legislation are equally relevant to the stirring up provisions, the proposed solutions cannot automatically be transposed to hate speech offences. Accordingly, this article explores challenges that are encountered in attempts to make hate crime and hate speech legislation more inclusive before advancing some tentative suggestions for how hate speech laws might move beyond identity silos.
Human Trafficking and Heroic Consumerism
Authors: O'Brien Erin
Published: June 2018

Consumers are the new activists in the fight against modern slavery, with awareness campaigns urging citizens to use their consumer power to demand an end to labour exploitation. The contribution of political, or ethical, consumerism campaigns to the trafficking narrative is examined in this article through an analysis of the characterisation of consumers and corporations in campaigns from SlaveryFootprint.org, Stop the Traffik UK, and World Vision Australia. This article argues that campaigns urging political consumerism depict consumers as the heroic rescuers of enslaved victims, and embed solutions to modern slavery within a culture of unquestioned capitalism. This approach may have the unintended consequence of sidelining victims from the trafficking story as the focus of the narrative becomes the product, rather than the victim, of labour exploitation.
Tanzanian Secondary School Learners’ Beliefs about EFL Learning, Teaching and Testing: Exploratory Account
Authors: Elisifa Sam Zelda
Published: June 2018

The current study explored EFL secondary school learners’ beliefs about language teaching, learning and testing in Tanzania. Specifically, it sought to find out the EFL learners’ beliefs about language assessment, explore the EFL learners’ beliefs about language learning and establish degree of EFL learner variability in their beliefs about language teaching. The study involved 48 secondary school learners, 36 (75%) males and 12 (25%) females. From these 20 (all boys) (50%) were from a private secondary school in Temeke and the rest (16 boys and all 12 girls) from another secondary school in Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were collected via a questionnaire, which was one and only tool for data gathering and it consisted of 25 items, five on language assessment, 9 on language teaching and 11 on language learning to which the respondents were asked to react and register their level of agreement about pre –developed assertions. Findings showed that while the learners differed in their beliefs about language teaching, a grand majority shared a belief about primacy of grammar teaching and on role of teacher in error correction and disfavoured communicative language teaching. The same was the case for language assessment where the most shared belief was testing grammar and correcting errors. It is concluded that these set of beliefs are hinged upon years of grammar-focussed teaching in Tanzania which still characterize language teaching in Tanzania despite the introduction of communicative language teaching approach in the national language curriculum more than ten years ago.
La subsunción indirecta del trabajo en el capital (su necesidad teórica)
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 01, 1988: 57-77
Tasa de cambio y precios internos: un modelo de organización industrial
Authors: Suay José Roberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 02, 1988: 169-180
El límite esencial de la gestión demócrata cristiana
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 03, 1988: 183-186
Formación de precios en la agricultura de alimentación
Authors: Majano Trejo Fidel Enrique , Méndez Narváez Ada Erlyn
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 07, 1989: 89-135
La sustitución entre las monedas de El Salvador y Guatemala
Authors: Cáceres Luis René , Suay José Roberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 08, 1989: 167-178
Los efectos de las medidas del programa económico del gobierno
Authors: Goitia Alfonso
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 10, 1989: 367-375
Notas sobre la democracia y la revolución en Nicaragua
Authors: Ortega Marvin
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 10, 1989: 397-409
Producción de alimentos y desbalances macroeconómicos
Authors: Rivera Campos Roberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 11, 1989: 437-455
In Memoriam
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 513-518
Tesis de economía 1986
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 589-597
Millennials: el nuevo reto del marketing
Authors: Rivera Cecilia , Canacas Ingrid Berenice , Jovel Delmy Elena , Romero Jacqueline Andrea
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 7-13
Características del acoso laboral de los empleados del sector comercio en el municipio de Antiguo Cuscatlán y Sta. Tecla, departamento de La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Cornejo Escalante Claudia Carolina , Fabián Lara Neri Yudith , Gómez Orellana Wendy Jeannette , Mejía Montano Katya Gabriela
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 20-26
Realidad e iniciativa empresarial
Authors: Fruet Vicente
Published: June 2018

Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 2
Análisis de los ecosistemas de emprendimiento en El Salvador, México, Chile y España
Authors: Cantón Celina , Cerna Claudia , Guerra Gabriela , Gutiérrez Natalia , Guevara Jaime
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 13-17
Una nueva forma de emitir reportes empresariales
Authors: Garay Andrya
Published: June 2018

No abstract available
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 28-30
Tarragona en el siglo XVII a través de la cartografía: un plano inédito de la ciudad procedente de la Colección de Anville en la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia
Authors: Terrado Ortuño Patricia
Published: June 2018

En la colección digital de la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia se halla una de las plantas más conocidas de Tarragona en el siglo xvii, firmada por Calbet y datada en 1643. Ahora, con el descubrimiento de un nuevo plano anónimo en la misma biblioteca, que se convierte en una de las plantas más antiguas de la ciudad, se da a conocer la situación de Tarragona, dotada de unas estructuras urbanas desconocidas hasta el momento que permiten aproximarnos a la topografía urbana de la ciudad. El análisis detallado de las estructuras del plano ha permitido datarlo en la Guerra dels Segadors o Guerra de Separación (1640-1652), además de mostrar elementos de estudio que hoy en día han desaparecido, como los restos del muelle romano. La publicación de este plano arroja luz sobre la evolución de la topografía urbana y permite conocer en profundidad la Tarragona del siglo xvii.
Quantification of Whey Protein Content in Milk-Based Infant Formula Powders by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-CGE): Multilaboratory Testing Study, Final Action 2016.15
Authors: Feng Ping , Fuerer Christophe , McMahon Adrienne ,   Collaborators:, Arendse K , Chanady A , Chen H , Chen W , Ding X , Gao T , Huang K , Jenni R , Leng X , Li L , Manti V , Pan J , Questa S , Shi X , Sung M , Wang G , Wang S , Wang X , Wang Y , Wu L , Yan S , Yang Y , Yang Y , Yu Y , Zhang C , Zhang H , Zhang X , Zheng K , Zhou J
Published: June 2018

A multilaboratory testing study was conducted on AOAC First Action Official Method SM 2016.15: Quantification of Whey Protein Content in Infant Formula Powders by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-CGE). Nineteen laboratories participated in the analysis of duplicate blind-coded samples of 15 formula powder products for infants and young children. Electrophoregrams were recorded at UV220 nm and integrated. The normalized peak areas of whey and casein proteins were summed separately to calculate total whey protein content. Apart from one sample [NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a], relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 0.83 to 2.11% and from 2.18 to 4.22%, respectively, and Horwitz ratios ranged from 1.02 to 1.85, meeting the precision limits specified in the whey protein Standard Method Performance Requirements and in the guidelines recommended for the Horwitz ratio. In these samples, the measured whey protein content was between 98 and 108% of the declared value. NIST SRM 1849a showed atypical results, with elevated RSDr (3.51%), RSDR (5.94%), Horwitz ratio (2.62), and recovery (134%). There is no clear reason for this. The percent whey protein value for NIST is calculated from the formulation and is not a reference or certified value. Multiple instrument models and makes, as well as capillary sources, were used in this collaborative study, demonstrating the robustness of the method. The method is fit-for-purpose for the quantification of whey protein content in milk-based formula powder products for infants and young children. It is not applicable to the analysis of hydrolyzed or plant protein–based infant formulas.
Elizabeth Mackinlay. (2012).Palliative Care, Ageing and Spirituality: A Guide for Older People, Carers and Families. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84905-290-0.
Authors: Lindsay Margot Elizabeth Virginia
Published: June 2018

No abstract
COMPETENCIA MEDIÁTICA Y NECESIDADES DE ALFABETIZACIÓN AUDIOVISUAL DE DOCENTES Y FAMILIAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: González-Fernández Natalia , Ramírez-García Antonia , Salcines Talledo Irina
Published: June 2018

El contexto familiar y educativo ejerce una gran influencia en los jóvenes de la sociedad del siglo xxi, siendo necesaria una alfabetización mediática para relacionarse crítica y eficazmente con los medios y sus mensajes.  Tanto las familias como los educadores precisan ser competentes mediáticamente para poder ser un modelo personal, profesional y social  ante los menores sobre cómo acceder reflexiva y constructivamente a la información y el conocimiento a través de los medios. Por lo tanto, el principal objetivo de esta investigación se centra en conocer el panorama actual en relación con la competencia mediática de familias y docentes españoles. Este estudio se enmarca en un proyecto I+D+i financiado por el gobierno español. Con la finalidad de dar respuesta al objetivo mencionado, se han llevado a cabo análisis estadísticos descriptivos y de  significación a partir de las respuestas de 905 docentes de diferentes etapas educativas (Infantil, Primaria, Secundaria, Bachillerato y Formación Profesional) de diez provincias españolas a un cuestionario, diseñado y  validado ad hoc, como técnica cuantitativa para la recogida de información. Por otro lado, se han analizado cualitativamente los resultados de nueve Focus Group (FG) desarrollados en nueve provincias españolas, en los que participaron un total de 51 padres y madres de jóvenes estudiantes  menores de edad. Los principales resultados de la investigación reflejan que los docentes presentan un alto grado de formación en competencia mediática y hacen un uso pedagógico de los medios, mientras que las familias reconocen y justifican determinadas carencias al respecto. Sin embargo, ambos colectivos han adquirido un rol prosumidor y reflejan ciertas demandas y necesidades formativas.
EMPLOYABILITY OF RECENT GRADUATES. OPINIONS OF CATALONIAN COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Guàrdia-Olmos Joan , Peró-Cebollero Maribel , Martínez-Ricart Mar , Cañete-Massé Cristina , Turbany-Oset Jaume , Berlanga-Silvente Vanesa
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Labor insertion for young people is probably more difficult nowadays than it was a few decades ago in all productive sectors and in academic education. A few decades ago, having a university degree was a guarantee of quick labor insertion, but nowadays, although having a university degree may somewhat alleviate the unemployment rate, it is still high  among recent university graduates. In this paper, we show the differential profile of the companies who do hire recent graduates as compared to those who do not.Methodology: We worked with a sample of 1,325 employers from the business world of Catalonia, who were administered the questionnaire prepared adhoc during 2014. Results: The main results show that the more workers a company has, the higher the probability that they will hire recent graduates. Companies with a high percentage of graduated  workers are more likely to hire recent graduates. Companies who are willing to work with Agency for the Quality of the University System of Catalonia hire more than those who are not. And finally, the service sector hires more than construction or industry.Conclusions: In the present study we have shown a differential pattern between the companies that hire recent graduates or not, a very important aspect because this could help define university policies to facilitate the transition to the labor market.
Mortalidad infantil por desnutrición y condiciones de pobreza enTucumán (Argentina): Magnitudes, manifestaciones espaciales y acciones familiares en los primeros años del siglo XXI
Authors: Longhi Fernando , Del Castillo Alejandra
Published: June 2018

El problema de la desnutrición infantil en Tucumán adquirió una repercusión inusitada en los inicios del siglo XXI. Fueron numerosos los casos que tomaron trascendencia periodística nacional e internacional. Pudo observarse en aquella oportunidad que el problema de la desnutrición infantil, lejos de ser solucionado, adquiría, en los albores del siglo XXI, magnitudes increíbles para Argentina en general y para Tucumán en particular. Sin embargo, más allá de lo “novedoso” del problema y la “sorpresa” por su magnitud, muchas características elementales del problema se ignoraban. En esta propuesta pretendemos aproximarnos al complejo mundo de la desnutrición infantil en la provincia de Tucumán durante los primeros años del siglo XXI, detectando las principales manifestaciones que adquiría el problema, tanto en sus tendencias temporales como en sus expresiones espaciales. Se busca también, a través de estudios de caso, examinar el contexto y las respuestas de la población afectada para resolver el problema junto a la incidencia de las políticas sociales y sanitarias en esta materia. 
La financiarización de la agricultura: La participación del plan de pensiones de Canadá en Glencore
Authors: Echánove Huacuja Flavia
Published: June 2018

La financiarización del sistema global alimentario, intensificada a raíz de la crisis del 2007–08, ha dado lugar a la diversificación y el fortalecimiento de los llamados agentes financieros. Entre éstos se encuentran los inversores institucionales, que agrupan a entidades como los fondos de pensiones (privados y públicos). Entre las estrategias de inversión de éstos, han adquirido relevancia las realizadas en el sector agro–alimentario, tanto en las distintas fases de las cadenas de valor (acopio, producción, procesamiento, comercialización), como en tierras agrícolas. El objetivo de este artículo es el análisis de la reciente participación del fondo de pensiones público de Canadá (CPPIB), el octavo a nivel mundial, en la división agrícola de una de las cinco principales empresas globales alimentarias: Glencore. 

 
Accesibilidad y conectividad geográfica en áreas rurales. Caso de la comuna de María Pinto, Chile
Authors: Ubilla-Bravo Gerardo
Published: June 2018

En América Latina y especialmente en Chile, las áreas rurales son espacios que todavía presentan brechas de desarrollo en torno a la accesibilidad y la conectividad geográfica del territorio.  La geografía puede aportar enfoques conceptuales y metodológicos para superar las brechas espaciales. Este artículo apunta a determinar y categorizar la accesibilidad y conectividad geográfica que tiene la población rural respecto de su centro urbano. Consideramos el estudio de caso como enfoque para analizar este tema, abordando de este modo la situación de la comuna de María Pinto, localizada en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile. Los objetivos que guían esta investigación son: caracterizar la red vial existente, determinar la conectividad y la accesibilidad geográfica intracomunal y determinar áreas homogéneas de accesibilidad en relación con el centro urbano de la comuna de María Pinto. En la discusión y conclusiones planteamos la relevancia que estos conceptos tienen con la movilidad de la población rural como parte de las políticas de desarrollo.