bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The Course Least Likely to Attract Sceptical Officialdom’: Archiving The Battle of Maldon and the Poetry and Boats of Bill Griffiths
Authors: Kears Carl
Published: September 2024

Bill Griffiths (1948–2007) was a poet, publisher, activist and researcher of languages and local history whose creative and scholarly practices frequently drew on the early medieval past. As an early ‘creative critic’, Griffiths is an important case study for an examination of how Old English studies has developed in its attitudes towards research that takes place without, but encounters, the academy. This article focuses on Griffiths’ edition and translation of The Battle of Maldon (1991). Griffiths published many translations of Old English prose and poetry, but his Maldon is a key text because it was one of only a few works by Griffiths to be reviewed in an academic journal. That review, by Donald Scragg, was not favourable, but it did inspire Griffiths to enter a new period of creative medieval work. By examining Griffiths’ medievalist writings from the time of his Maldon, this article reveals that Griffiths’ relationship with that Old English poem was motivated by his investment in Essex and the North Sea coast as a poet and bookmaker. At the time he was working on his Maldon, Griffiths not only ‘sailed’ a boat from London to the Thames estuary but lost another houseboat in an accidental fire that destroyed many of his papers. These events would also shape his edition and translation of the Old English poem. A reappraisal of Griffiths’ works now can mark a turn towards reassessing the place of contemporary poetry and non-institutional research in the histories of Old English poems and their editions.
Sleep induced by mechanosensory stimulation provides cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila
Authors: Inami Sho , Koh Kyunghee
Published: September 2024

Study Objectives

Sleep is a complex phenomenon regulated by various factors, including sensory input. Anecdotal observations have suggested that gentle rocking helps babies fall asleep, and experimental studies have verified that rocking promotes sleep in both humans and mice. Recent studies have expanded this understanding, demonstrating that gentle vibration also induces sleep in Drosophila. Natural sleep serves multiple functions, including learning and memory, synaptic downscaling, and reduction of harmful substances associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether vibration-induced sleep (VIS) provides similar cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila.

Methods

We administered gentle vibration to flies that slept very little due to a forced activation of wake-promoting neurons and investigated how the vibration influenced learning and memory in the courtship conditioning paradigm. Additionally, we examined the effects of VIS on synaptic downscaling by counting synaptic varicosities of select neurons. Finally, we determined whether vibration could induce sleep in Drosophila models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and suppress the accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) and Tubulin Associated Unit (TAU).

Results

VIS enhanced performance in a courtship conditioning paradigm and reduced the number of synaptic varicosities in select neurons. Moreover, vibration improved sleep in Drosophila models of AD, reducing Aβ and TAU levels.

Conclusions

Mechanosensory stimulation offers a promising noninvasive avenue for enhancing sleep, potentially providing associated cognitive and health benefits.
Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract individual/combined with famotidine mitigates peptic ulcer induced by alcohol in rats
Authors: Dhawefi Nourhène , Jedidi Saber , Sammari Houcem , Ayari Ala , Jridi Mourad , Sebai Hichem
Published: September 2024

The present study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract (DKFAE) on ethanol induced peptic ulcer. The phytochemical studies of DKFAE were investigated using colorometric analysis. Gastric ulcer was induced by one dose of ethanol (5 ml/Kg, b.w) on 24 h empty stomach. Then, the plant extract (200, 400 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 2 weeks. Famotidine (FAM: 40 mg/kg, b.w.): a reference drug was also tested. The effect of mixture dose between the fruit extract and FAM (DKFAE, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o. + FAM, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o.) was also evaluated. One hour after induction of ulcer blood samples were collected, stomach acidity and volume, as well as lesion counts were measured, then stomach and intestine of scarified rats were subjected to biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic studies. Results showed that DKFAE exhibited an important antioxidant potential. In vivo, the results showed that alcohol induced gastric damage, improving oxidative stress markers level such as MDA and H2O2, gastric and intestinal calcium and free iron. The intoxication by ethanol also produce an inflammation occurred by high level of the C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in plasma. In contrast, DKFAE and the mixture dose significantly protect against macroscopic and histological injuries, the secretory profile disturbances, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities and non enzymatic antioxidant level decrease induced by ethanol administration. More impressively, the mixture dose exerted the more excellent effect than DKFAE and famotidine each alone showing is possible synergism.
A Pictorial Review of Spinal Trauma: Part 2
Authors: Rao Pranay , Ahmad Attia , Jetty Sankarsh , Kessler Alexander
Published: September 2024

Trauma is a frequent cause of visits to the emergency department with blunt trauma making up approximately 40% of all visits and penetrating trauma making up approximately 12% of all visits. Despite increased imaging utilization, including cross-sectional imaging, injuries to the spine are often missed; spinal cord injuries are missed in 4% to 9% of patients. Knowledge of common fracture patterns and mechanisms of injury is crucial to reducing the miss rate and making an accurate and timely diagnosis. In the first part of this 2-part series (vol 47 no 21), subaxial and thoracolumbar spine fracture patterns were reviewed. This second part of the series reviews upper cervical spine fracture patterns and cervical spine anatomy. Important pitfalls/mimics of both upper cervical and subaxial and thoracolumbar spinal trauma are also discussed.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Intralesional Triamcinolone Injection for IgG4-related Orbital Disease
Authors: Sanchez George , Srivatsan Sudarshan , Kim Hee Joon , Kersten Robert C.
Published: September 2024

The risk of blindness associated with periocular and facial injections is well documented. Previous cases describing vision loss following a recent periocular or facial injection have emphasized the importance of facial “danger zones.” To date, the literature suggests that nearly half of all cases of central retinal artery occlusion in the setting of a recent periocular or facial injection involve an injection in or around the nose. Here, the authors report the second known case of central retinal artery occlusion following a triamcinolone injection to the lacrimal gland. A 30-year-old female with a diagnosis of IgG4-related disease underwent lacrimal gland debulking with an intralesional steroid injection. She noted OD vision loss immediately after surgery, with posterior segment examination demonstrating retinal whitening with a cherry-red spot and intra-arterial yellow-white plaques. This case serves as a reminder to clinicians regarding the risk of iatrogenic embolism following triamcinolone injections around the face with special attention drawn to the lacrimal gland.
Improving Benefit and Reducing Burden of Informal Caregiving for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Doyon Katherine , Flint Kelsey , Albright Karen , Bekelman David
Published: September 2024

Background

Few randomized clinical trials test the effect of interventions on heart failure caregiver well-being.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a patient-focused symptom and psychosocial collaborative care intervention (Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness) on heart failure caregiver depression, burden, and benefit-finding.

Methods

A sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used in the context of a multisite, randomized clinical trial. Self-reported caregiver depression, burden, and benefit-finding were assessed at baseline and 12 months. Thematic analysis was conducted on social worker documentation of a psychosocial intervention with caregivers.

Results

One hundred one caregivers were randomized to usual care or Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness. There were no significant differences in caregiver depression, burden, or benefit-finding between usual care and Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness. Caregiver outcomes were discussed in 42% of intervention notes, highlighting varied and complex caregiver experiences. Inductive analysis reaffirmed the complexity and range of caregiver needs and experiences.

Conclusion

A patient symptom/psychosocial intervention did not impact caregiver well-being. Interventions should target specific needs of caregivers.
An overview of bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Grippe Kristen , Altmire Alexander
Published: September 2024

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease that causes blistering due to the presence of immunoglobulin G antibody/antigen complexes at the dermal-epidermal junction. Primarily seen in people over the age of 60, BP can be triggered by medications, infections, comorbidities, and environmental skin stressors. The clinical presentation of BP begins with non-bullous patches that may resemble eczema or urticaria; this stage is followed by the development of tense vesiculobullous lesions in flexural areas that usually heal without scarring. Erosions sometimes develop on mucous membranes such as the oral cavity or genitalia. The diagnosis is made by using direct immunofluorescence on punch biopsy samples taken from perilesional skin, which will show the linear deposits of immunoglobulin G antibody/antigen complexes along the dermal-epidermal junction. Salt-split skin testing can also confirm the direct immunofluorescence results. Treatment options include the removal of any triggering factors and the use of topical or oral corticosteroids. If prolonged treatment is required, steroid-sparing medications such as immunosuppressants, immunoglobulins, monoclonal antibody agents, or doxycycline can be combined to achieve satisfactory results. BP causes an increased risk of developing pulmonary emboli or stroke, but most patients will be able to achieve remission after 6–60 months of treatment without further complications.
Pain During Incarceration
Authors: MacLennan Duncan Stewart , Lasiuk Gerri , Kunyk Diane , Mayan Maria
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Hypermasculine prison culture produces hierarchies based on individuals’ ability to assert dominance through strength and violence. Pain can impact physical strength, thereby limiting the ability to elevate or maintain social status within such hierarchies.

Aim

The aim of the study was to explore the pain experiences of incarcerated men who were embedded into hypermasculine prison culture.

Methods

Interpretive description co-positioned with relational ethics informed the study design. Twelve males participated in 1-hour interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively to identify themes. The data analysis occurred in three phases: sorting and organizing, making sense of patterns, and transforming patterns into findings.

Results

We found that correctional settings were characterized by a social culture of toxic hypermasculinity that influenced the pain experiences of people who were incarcerated. Individuals who experienced pain were more vulnerable to self-isolation in situations in which pain threatened their ability to defend themselves and their previously established social status within the prison hierarchy. Yet, those who felt secure in subordinate hierarchical positions and had effective peer relationships perceived greater safety in communal settings, which proved to be a distraction from pain.

Conclusion

In the context of incarceration, positive peer relationships and perceptions of safety positively influenced individuals’ experience of pain.
ACTION-ARC Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Ventricular Assist Device Adverse Event Definitions-2023
Authors: Lorts Angela , VanderPluym Christina , Adachi Iki , Perry Tanya , Alexander Peta M. A. , Almond Christopher S. , Auerbach Scott R. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Bhavsar Sonya , Bourque Kevin , Conway Jennifer , Danziger-Isakov Lara A. , Davies Ryan R. , Eghtesady Pirooz , Hirata Yasutaka , Ichord Rebecca N. , Kormos Robert L. , Kroslowitz Robert , Krucoff Mitchell , Lantz Jodie , Mehegan Mary , Mehran Roxana , Morales David L. S. , Murray Jenna , Niebler Robert A. , O’Connor Matthew J. , Pagani Francis D. , Peng David M. , Rossano Joseph W. , Spitzer Ernest , Steiner Marie E. , Sutcliffe David L. , Taylor J. Michael , Villa Chet R. , Wearden Peter D. , Rosenthal David
Published: September 2024

Adverse events (AEs) experienced by children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) on ventricular assist devices (VADs) are sometimes unique to these populations. The Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) and the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) aimed to harmonize definitions of pediatric and CHD AEs for use in clinical trials, registries, and regulatory evaluation. Data from the ACTION registry and adjudication committee were used to adapt general mechanical circulatory support ARC definitions. This ACTION-ARC international expert panel of trialists, clinicians, patients, families, statisticians, biomedical engineers, device developers, and regulatory agencies drafted and iterated definitions harmonized to ACTION data and existing literature during sessions conducted between December 2022 and May 2023, followed by dissemination across clinical/research audiences and professional organizations and further revision. Both email-linked, internet-based surveys and in-person discussions were used as a modified Delphi process. Nineteen AE types were identified and defined, including seven new event types and six event types that were deleted and will no longer be collected, achieving consensus. ACTION-ARC paired rigorous development with methodical stakeholder involvement and dissemination to define pediatric VAD AEs to facilitate assimilation of data across future clinical trials and evaluation of devices for VAD-supported children and adults with CHD.
Systematic narrative review of modalities in physiotherapy for managing pain in hip and knee osteoarthritis: A review
Authors: Berteau Jean-Philippe Paul
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 528 million individuals globally, predominantly in knee and hip joints, with a notable impact on females aged over 55, resulting in a substantial economic burden. However, the efficacy of modalities used in physiotherapy to manage OA pain for reducing the need for joint replacement remains an open question, and guidelines differ. Our systematic narrative review, drawing from reputable databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL) with specific Mesh terms investigated evidence from 23 Randomized Controlled Trials (that included a control or a sham group in 30 different protocols) using therapeutic modalities like ultrasound, diathermy, and electrical stimulation for knee and hip OA pain, involving a total of 1055 subjects. We investigated the attainment of minimal clinically important differences in pain reduction, operationalized through a 20% decrement in the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index or Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Our results indicated that 15 protocols out of 30 reach that level, but there were no statistical differences among modalities. Half of the protocol presented in the literature reached clinical efficiency but studies on hip remains scarce. We recommend a comprehensive, sequential, and multimodal intervention plan for individuals with joint OA with initial transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and progressing to a 2-week protocol of continuous ultrasound, potentially combined with deep microwave diathermy. Long-term intervention involves the use of pulsed electrical stimulation. For hip OA, a cautious approach and discussions with healthcare providers about potential benefits of spinal cord nerve stimulation.
Pharmacological targets and validation of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary fibrosis: A network-based pharmacology and bioinformatics study
Authors: Zhao Xueping , Yang Liping
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to employ bioinformatics and network pharmacology methodologies to investigate the targets and molecular mechanisms of remdesivir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Several open-source databases were utilized to confirm the shared targets of remdesivir, COVID-19, and PF. Following this, a comprehensive analysis incorporating function enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor (TF), and molecular docking was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19-associated PF. The initial validation of these findings was performed using publicly available histological and single-cell sequencing databases. The functional enrichment analysis revealed a strong association between remdesivir and viral defense, inflammatory response, and immune response. The key pathways identified in the study were transforming growth factor (TGF-β), PI3K-Akt, mTOR, MAPK, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, HIF-1, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, the PPI analysis demonstrated the network relationships of 13 important targets, while the TF analysis provided valuable insights into the regulatory networks of these targets. Among the identified TFs, RELA was found to be the most significant. To validate our findings, we utilized publicly available histological and single-cell sequencing databases, successfully confirming the involvement of 8 key targets, including AKT1, EGFR, RHOA, MAPK1, PIK3R1, MAPK8, MAPK14, and MTOR. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to assess the interaction between remdesivir and the identified key targets, thus confirming its effective targeting effects. Remdesivir has the potential to exert antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects in the context of COVID-19-associated PF.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation for older adults with cognitive impairment: A bibliometric and knowledge map analysis
Authors: Fu Yutong , Yao Liqing , Wang Wenli , Ou Jibing , Yang Xue , Chen Qian , Fan Hong , Lu Fang , Song Jin , Li Yanmei , Subramaniam Ponnusamy , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit
Published: September 2024

As the population ages, cognitive impairment leading to dementia and related disorders presents an increasingly significant societal burden. Transcranial alternating current stimulation emerges as a potential noninvasive treatment, yet remains an area of ongoing research. Using the Science Citation Index Expanded within the Web of Science Core Collection database, we identified 144 relevant articles spanning from 1965 to December 1st, 2023. Analyzing these papers with tools like 6.2.R5Citespace and 1.6.20VOS viewer revealed gamma frequency as the predominant stimulus (32), followed by theta (19), alpha (11), delta (2), beta (3), and others (32). This topic was relatively novel, showing an upward trend, albeit with gaps in some countries. Significant contributions were observed, particularly from authors in the USA, Germany, and Italy. Brain connectivity and oscillation stood out as the primary research subjects, with electroencephalography being the most widely used tool to detect underlying mechanisms. Our findings suggest promising applications of transcranial alternating current stimulation, particularly 40 Hz-gamma, in cognitive impairment among older adults, highlighting the need for further investigation using multimodal cognitive assessment tools and rigorous clinical research.
Association between riboflavin intake and the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ren Xiaoxu , Wang Rong , Liu Fen , Wang Quanzhen , Chen Hairong , Hou Yunfeng , Yu Lifeng , Liu Xiangchun , Jiang Zhiming
Published: September 2024

Current studies have not clarified the relationship between riboflavin intake and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between riboflavin intake and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. This was a retrospective cohort study with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study was conducted using Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the association between riboflavin intake and risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed regarding gender, CKD stage, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 3750 patients were ultimately included in the analyses. After excluding potential confounders, lower intake of riboflavin was associated with the higher risk of all-cause mortality (Q1: HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05–1.69). The similar association was also found in patients at mild/moderate stage (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05–1.66), in female (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.81), with hypertension (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07–1.75), CVD (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08–2.03), and dyslipidemia (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.66). This study found the association between low riboflavin intake and high risk of all-cause mortality, indicating a potential beneficial role of riboflavin in CKD patients.
The efficacious combined treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (PVR ≤ C2) with inferior breaks using 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and air tamponade
Authors: Han Guangjie , Huang Wenqiao , He Limei , Wei Heruo , Wei Lirong , Huang Hongbo
Published: September 2024

To examine the surgical results of 25-gauge (25-G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with inferior retinal breaks. A retrospective consecutive study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2023 on 27 patients with primary RRD with inferior breaks who underwent 25-G PPV with air tamponade. Once the surgery was completed, the patients were monitored for a minimum of 6 months. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), postoperative complications, and the rate of single surgery anatomical success were the primary outcome measures. The average age of the 12 female and 15 male study participants was 50.2 ± 12.8 years. The follow-up period was 10.3 ± 3.9 months on average. On average, the affected clock hours were 5.6 ± 2.1 hours, and the average number of retinal breaks was 2.2 ± 1.8. Moreover, the final anatomical success rate was 100%, compared to the estimated initial anatomical success rate of 96.30% following a single surgery. At 6 months, we also noticed a significant change in the mean BCVA, which went from 1.62 ± 0.71 logMAR (preoperative) to 0.89 ± 0.61 logMAR (postoperative) (P < .001). On the first day and the week following surgery, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was similar (all P > .05). One patient experienced postoperative complications such as retinal redetachment, which was addressed with the same procedure. After surgery, 2 patients had IOP of 35 and 28 mm Hg for 1 week. Two weeks following surgery, their IOP essentially returned to normal after receiving antihypertensive medication. No other notable postoperative complications were observed. According to this research, 25-G PPV with air tamponade has a satisfactory success rate in repairing primary RRD with inferior breaks. This procedure also produces quicker visual recovery and is linked to fewer complications.
Colonic lipoma, a rare cause of intestinal intussusception: A narrative review and how to diagnose it
Authors: Fiordaliso Michele , Lovaglio Urbano M. , De Marco Flavia Antonia , Costantini Raffaele , Nasti Gennaro A. , Lelli Chiesa Pierluigi
Published: September 2024

Colonic lipomas (CLs) are benign tumors of the adipose tissue of the gastrointestinal tract that are often asymptomatic. A search of medical literature in English using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for articles related to CL. Occasionally, patients present with intestinal bleeding or obstructive symptoms. Although intussusception is commonly observed in children, it is rare in adults. Moreover, CL as the most common entity, is very rare, with an incidence rate of 0.035% to 4.4%. Although fatty composition can assist in diagnosis through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the latter cannot exclude local infiltration. CLs are distributed evenly between both sexes and can be located anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract; however, they are more frequently located in the colon, particularly in the right colon and cecum (39.6%), followed by the transverse colon (25%), descending colon (20.8%), and the sigmoid colon (14.6%). Symptoms included abdominal pain (79.2%), alterations in bowel habits (45.8%), rectal bleeding (22.9%), colocolic intussusception (50%), weight loss (6.2%), vomiting (14.6%), and nausea (12.5%). Surgical and endoscopic techniques are widely used to manage CLs. The challenge for physicians is differentiating this lesion from malignant colonic lesions, at the outset. The risk of misdiagnosis is possible, and the recommendation in cases of doubt is still segmental surgical resection, as it ensures correct collection of lymph nodes for appropriate staging of presumed colonic carcinoma.
Machine learning-based individualized survival prediction model for prognosis in osteosarcoma: Data from the SEER database
Authors: Cao Ping , Dun Yixin , Xiang Xi , Wang Daqing , Cheng Weiyi , Yan Lizhao , Li Hongjing
Published: September 2024

Patient outcomes of osteosarcoma vary because of tumor heterogeneity and treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare the performance of multiple machine learning (ML) models with the traditional Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) model in predicting prognosis and explored the potential of ML models in clinical decision-making. From 2000 to 2018, 1243 patients with osteosarcoma were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Three ML methods were chosen for model development (DeepSurv, neural multi-task logistic regression [NMTLR]) and random survival forest [RSF]) and compared them with the traditional CoxPH model and TNM staging systems. 871 samples were used for model training, and the rest were used for model validation. The models’ overall performance and predictive accuracy for 3- and 5-year survival were assessed by several metrics, including the concordance index (C-index), the Integrated Brier Score (IBS), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), area under the ROC curves (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The efficacy of personalized recommendations by ML models was evaluated by the survival curves. The performance was highest in the DeepSurv model (C-index, 0.77; IBS, 0.14; 3-year AUC, 0.80; 5-year AUC, 0.78) compared with other methods (C-index, 0.73–0.74; IBS, 0.16–0.17; 3-year AUC, 0.73–0.78; 5-year AUC, 0.72–0.78). There are also significant differences in survival outcomes between patients who align with the treatment option recommended by the DeepSurv model and those who do not (hazard ratio, 1.88; P < .05). The DeepSurv model is available in an approachable web app format at https://survivalofosteosarcoma.streamlit.app/. We developed ML models capable of accurately predicting the survival of osteosarcoma, which can provide useful information for decision-making regarding the appropriate treatment.
Exploring the molecular landscape of lymphocyte activation gene-3: A literature review
Authors: Nie Jiaqi , Qin Xue , Tao Xiang , Huang Jin
Published: September 2024

Molecular structure and cellular distribution of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) have been studied extensively since 1990. However, several unresolved questions remain. It is well-established that LAG-3 plays a significant role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The presence of deficiencies in LAG-3 has been observed to be linked with autoimmune disorders, whereas the excessive expression of LAG-3 within the tumor microenvironment hinders immune responses, particularly those mediated by lymphocytes, thereby facilitating immune evasion. Consequently, investigations into these 2 aspects have become a prominent focus in both fundamental and clinical research. The objective of this review is to examine the functions and molecular characteristics of LAG-3, as well as its current clinical applications in the context of tumor immune escape and autoimmune disease. The ultimate aim is to explore and propose novel immune therapy approach.
Causal relationship between allergic rhinitis and otitis media: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Fule , Yu Chenyang , Liu Rongkui
Published: September 2024

Otitis media and allergic rhinitis are prevalent conditions. Some data posit a significant association between the 2 ailments, proposing mechanisms such as allergic rhinitis-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction or concurrent allergic pathophysiology affecting both the nasal and aural cavities. Observational studies hint at an association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonsuppurative otitis media, yet definitive causality remains elusive. Thus, to elucidate the causal impact of AR on otitis media, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was undertaken. Data on AR, acute suppurative otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, and nonsuppurative otitis media were sourced from the Genome for Extensive Association Study, encompassing individuals of European ancestry. Single nucleotide polymorphisms linked with AR were utilized as instrumental variables. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method, alongside sensitivity analyses employing the weighted median and Mendelian randomization-Egger methods, was employed to assess causal effects. Our analysis revealed a significant causal effect of AR on nonsuppurative otitis media (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 12.22, 95% confidence interval, 1.38–107.93, P = .024) and indicated an association with acute suppurative otitis media (IVW, OR = 6.95, 95% confidence interval, 0.80–60.35, P = .078). However, no causal effect of AR on chronic suppurative otitis media was discerned. Our findings delineate a measurable causal link between AR and nonsuppurative otitis media (OR = 12.22) and suggest an association with acute suppurative otitis media (OR = 6.95), though lacking evidence for a causal effect on chronic suppurative otitis media. These results underscore the propensity of AR to correlate with diverse forms of otitis media and furnish high-quality causal evidence pertinent to clinical management.
The role and mechanism of dapagliflozin in Alzheimer disease: A review
Authors: Chen Ping , Liang Lihui , Dai Yuhan , Hui Shan
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer disease (AD), as the main type of dementia, is primarily characterized by cognitive dysfunction across multiple domains. Current drugs for AD have not achieved the desired clinical efficacy due to potential risks, inapplicability, high costs, significant side effects, and poor patient compliance. However, recent findings offer new hope by suggesting that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) may possess neuroprotective properties, potentially opening up novel avenues for the treatment of AD. This review delves deeply into the multifaceted mechanisms of action of SGLT-2i in AD, encompassing antioxidative stress, antineuroinflammation, upregulation of autophagy, antiapoptosis, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity, and protection of endothelial cells against atherosclerosis and damage to the blood-brain barrier, among others. Furthermore, it provides an overview of recent advances in clinical research on this drug. These findings suggest that SGLT-2i is poised to emerge as a pivotal candidate for the treatment of AD, given its diverse functional effects.
The global status of nursing research on hemodialysis: A bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Wang Yufen , Yang Luhuan , Lei Yunhong
Published: September 2024

Background:

Hemodialysis (HD)-related nursing research has been growing over the past 2 decades, providing critical insights into improving patient care and outcomes. This study aimed to visualize the hotspots and emerging frontiers in HD-related nursing research, offering valuable references for future studies.

Methods:

A bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications related to HD nursing research from the Web of Science Core Collection database, spanning the years 2002 to 2023, and the characteristics of literature such as authors, co-cited authors, countries, research institutions, journal distribution, keywords, and cited literature were visually analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Results:

A total of 1019 publications were included in this study. The major contributors to this field were the United States, China, and Australia. The University of Sao Paulo emerged as the most prolific institution. The principal contributors were the Nephrology Nursing Journal, followed by Journal of Renal Care and Journal of Clinical Nursing. The top 5 co-occurrence keywords included HD, quality of life, dialysis, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. The burst detection of keywords showed that current research frontier trends were pain and validation. The top 5 largest clusters of cited references included research on systematic review research, nurse-led disease management program, family caregiver, end-stage renal disease, and self-care intervention.

Conclusion:

This study reveals productive authors, countries and institutions, research hotspots, and trends of HD-related nursing research over the past 2 decades, offering a comprehensive overview of this field worldwide.
Red cell size factor is a sensitive index in the early diagnosis of nondigestive tract cancer-related anemia: An observational study
Authors: Zhan Bicui , Zhu Yongjia , Yu Jiahong , Zhu Qiaojuan , Zhang Huaying , Ye Xiaoqiang
Published: September 2024

Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common comorbidity in cancer patients, and it can lead to a worse prognosis. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the clinical value of the red cell size factor (Rsf) in the early diagnosis of nondigestive tract CRA. A total of 231 patients with nondigestive tract solid cancer were included, and they were divided into anemic and nonanemic subjects according to the hemoglobin (Hb) levels. A BC-7500 blood analyzer was used to detect the indices of red blood cell and reticulocyte, and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean reticulocyte volume (MRV), reticulocyte hemoglobin (RHE) content, and reticulocyte production index were observed. Subsequently, the Rsf was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the identifying power of Rsf for anemia diagnosed by the combination of RHE and reticulocyte production index. The adjusted-multivariate analysis and quartiles were used to assess the relation of reduced Rsf level with the risk and incidence of anemia diagnosed by combining the MCV, MCH, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), respectively. Rsf levels showed no statistical differences between anemia and nonanemia subjects grouped by Hb (P > .05). Rsf has a high correlation with the RHE level (R > 0.900, P < .001), or MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCHC in anemia patients (r: 0.435–0.802, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that Rsf had the highest overall area under curve of 0.886 (95% confidence interval: 0.845–0.927) in identifying anemia of cancer patients (P < .001). When the optimal cutoff values of Rsf were set at 97.05 fl in males and 94.95 fl in females, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.76, and 0.98 and 0.75, respectively. Being treated as a categorical variable, Rsf had a highest odds ratio value of 30.626 (12.552–74.726; P < .001) for the risk of anemia. The increment of Rsf quartiles was highly associated with the decreased incidence of overall anemia (P trend < 0.001). The study suggests that decreased Rsf level is a potentially powerful predictor of overt anemia in nondigestive tract cancer, and it can be used as a convenient, practical, cost-free, and sensitive index in early diagnosis of nondigestive tract CRA.
The influence of COVID-19 on short-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Yi-dong , Zheng Ying-ying , Cao Chan , Shi Qiang
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the differences in short-term mortality risk between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases were systematically searched from December 1, 2019 to May 20, 2022 using the keywords coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and ischemic stroke. A random-effects model was estimated, and subgroup analysis and meta-regressions were performed. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results:

A total of 26 eligible studies with 307,800 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results show that in-hospital and 90-day mortality was 3.31-fold higher in AIS with SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with those without SARS-CoV-2. When matched for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, the risk ratio of in-hospital mortality from AIS among patients with SARS-CoV-2 versus without decreased to 2.83. Reperfusion therapy and endovascular thrombectomy may further reduce the risk of death in patients to some extent but do not increase the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Meta-regression showed that in-hospital mortality decreased with increasing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in AIS with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those without SARS-CoV-2 and that the difference in mortality risk between the 2 was independent of age and sex.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that AIS patients with SARS-CoV-2 have higher short-term mortality compared to AIS patients without SARS-CoV-2, and reperfusion and endovascular thrombectomy therapy may reduce the risk of short-term mortality to some extent. The differences in in-hospital mortality risk were similar across ages and sexes. Focused attention is therefore needed on AIS patients with SARS-CoV-2 to control mortality.
Non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy in patients with atopic dermatitis: A long-term case report
Authors: Sakakura Saki , Yamazaki Risa , Uchino Yuichi , Negishi Kazuno , Shimmura Shigeto
Published: September 2024

Rationale:

Patients with atopic dermatitis undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) face a high risk of postoperative complications. Endothelial keratoplasty may be a safer alternative for such patients, including those with abnormal anterior chamber anatomy.

Patient concerns:

3 male patients, aged 33 to 44, presented with blurred vision at Keio University Hospital.

Diagnosis:

Bullous keratopathy was diagnosed through slit-lamp examination and specular microscopy. Two patients had well-controlled systemic atopic dermatitis, while 1 had blepharitis associated with atopic dermatitis. Two patients had peripheral anterior synechia, and 2 had undergone glaucoma surgery before keratoplasty.

Interventions:

Non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (nDSAEK) was performed by a single surgeon.

Outcomes:

The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.7 to 1.5 logMAR before surgery and from 0.2 to 2.3 logMAR after surgery. One year post-surgery, the graft remained clear in 2 cases; however, in the case of repeated glaucoma surgeries after nDSAEK, the graft became edematous. Corneal endothelial cell density was 1586 and 1988 cells/mm² in 2 cases and undetectable in the failed case. The follow-up period ranged from 2.5 to 9 years.

Lessons:

Despite the presence of peripheral anterior synechia or prior glaucoma surgery, some patients experienced a favorable long-term postoperative course following nDSAEK. This procedure may offer a safer alternative for treating patients with atopic dermatitis who have ocular complications that present a high risk for PKP.
Evaluation of alarm notification of artificial intelligence in automated analyzer detection of parasites
Authors: Wang Zila , Liao Lin , Huang Ximei , Tang Jinguang , Lin Faquan
Published: September 2024

To evaluate the alarm notification of artificial intelligence in detecting parasites on the KU-F40 Fully Automatic Feces Analyzer and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis in parasite diseases. A total of 1030 fecal specimens from patients in our hospital from May to June 2023 were collected, and parasite detection studies were conducted using the KU-F40 automated feces analyzer (normal mode method, floating-sedimentation mode method), acid–ether sedimentation method, and direct smear microscopy method, respectively. The positive detection rate of parasites in the 1030 fecal specimens was 22.9% (236 cases), of which the KU-F40 normal mode method had a detection rate of 16.3% (168 cases), the acid–ether sedimentation method had a detection rate of 19.0% (196 cases), and the direct smear microscopy method had a detection rate of 13.1% (135 cases). The detection rates of the first 2 methods were higher than those of the direct smear microscopy method, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The detection rate of the KU-F40 floating-sedimentation mode method was 11.9% (123 cases), which was lower than that of the direct smear microscopy, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The sensitivity of the KU-F40 normal mode method, acid–ether sedimentation method, direct smear microscopy method, and the KU-F40 floating-sedimentation mode method were 71.2%, 83.1%, 57.2%, and 52.1%, respectively, and the specificity was 94.7%, 100%, 100%, and 97.7%, respectively. The coincidence rates of the KU-F40 normal mode method was 90.78%, with Kappa values of 0.633. The positive detection rate of parasites using the KU-F40 normal mode method is higher than that using the direct smear microscopy method. It has high sensitivity and specificity and has advantages such as high automation and fast detection speed. It can replace the microscopy method for routine screening and has higher clinical application value in the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic diseases.
Long-term changes in bone mineral density and associated risk factors in individuals with spinal cord injury: A retrospective study
Authors: Mun Chaeun , Sho Keunyoung , Kim Onyoo
Published: September 2024

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a notable decrease in bone mass below the level of injury. While studies have primarily focused on the acute phase with a small cohort, this study aimed to provide comprehensive insights into bone loss patterns over time. A total of 427 individuals with SCI who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing at the Korea National Rehabilitation Center (2010–2021) were included and analyzed by categorizing the DXA results into 1-year intervals based on postinjury duration. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, and alcohol/smoking history) and SCI-related factors (etiology, severity, extent of injury, motor score, and Korean Spinal Cord Independence Measure 3rd edition) were collected and analyzed. Linear mixed models and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed to assess temporal changes in bone mass and linear regression analysis to assess the associations between possible risk factors and bone loss. DXA results revealed that substantial annual bone loss occurred in the total hip site up to 3 years postinjury and in the femoral neck site up to 2 years postinjury. Old age, women, and low body mass index were significant risk factors for bone loss in the SCI population. Additionally, during the chronic phase, lower Korean Spinal Cord Independence Measure 3rd edition scores were associated with low bone mass. Significant annual bone loss in the hip region persists for up to 3 years postinjury in individuals with SCI. While prioritizing the risk factors for osteoporosis commonly used in the general population, applying the SCIM score in the chronic phase may provide additional information on bone loss risk.
GLP-1 receptor agonist–induced diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Ma Ying , Zu Qianhe , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Yao
Published: September 2024

Rationale:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is an endogenous incretin that plays an active role in weight loss and hypoglycemia. Dulaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), which has been approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). GLP-1RAs can increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release, thereby leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels within the body. Specifically, GLP-1RAs control postprandial blood glucose levels by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and delaying gastric emptying. However, attention should be given to gastrointestinal adverse reactions. There are currently a few cases of GLP-1RA causing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Patient concerns:

The following report details the case of a 50-year-old Chinese female who has been living with diabetes for 12 years. Initially diagnosed with T2D, she was subsequently identified as a patient with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) following treatment. The patient presented severe nausea, vomiting, and fatigue 1 day after injecting dulaglutide 1 time and discontinuing insulin therapy. She was diagnosed with severe DKA in the emergency department.

Diagnoses:

LADA and DKA.

Interventions:

Changed from dulaglutide to insulin therapy.

Outcomes:

After discontinuing dulaglutide and switching to insulin for blood glucose reduction, the patient’s DKA was corrected, and blood glucose levels returned to normal.

Lessons:

This case suggests that clinicians should be alert to patients with severe DKA in cases of severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions after the use of GLP-1RAs. In addition, in most countries, GLP-1RAs are administered to patients with T2D, but we should consider the use of GLP-1RAs in patients with type 1 diabetes and LADA.