bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical investigation of the common minke whale fetal tongue reveals papillae marginales and glands
Authors: Watanabe Haruto , Hirose Ayumi , Murase Hiroto , Nakamura Gen
Published: August 2024

The tongue serves as a vital organ in mammals, facilitating crucial functions such as mastication, swallowing, vocalization, thermoregulation, and taste reception. Cetacean tongues have evolved under distinct selective pressures compared to those of terrestrial mammals, yet research on their tongues is limited, leading to controversy regarding their gustatory abilities. This study aims to elucidate the morphological characteristics of the fetal tongue of common minke whales through both gross and microscopic observations. Macroscopic examination revealed that the papillae marginales were the only lingual papillae that were obviously developed in all specimens, and these projections are hypothesized to aid in suckling during the nursing period. Lingual glands were exclusively found in the proximal region of the tongue, unlike in toothed whales, where they are distributed in rostral regions. The rudimentary mechanical papillae and the caudal location of the lingual glands are thought to be consistent with the lunge feeding strategy. Neither macroscopic nor microscopic observations detected taste buds or any structures which are responsible for taste reception. Hence, it is suggested that gustation is not a crucial sense for nutrition in this species. These morphological findings enhance our understanding of rorqual feeding habits and provide insights for the management of this unique mammalian lineage.
Relevance of ethical criteria in sport mega-events: a segmentation of German media consumers
Authors: Lintumäki Petri , Schunk Holger , Könecke Thomas
Published: August 2024

Based on recurrent rejections of Olympic bids in referenda, the public support for hosting sport mega-events (SMEs) in liberal democracies is seemingly decreasing. Observing the emergence of an ethical and sustainable consumption culture, the objectives of this research are a) to examine the relevance of ethical criteria for media consumers when evaluating SMEs they follow via the media, and b) to classify media consumers based on ethical and “traditional” sports-following criteria. The present study uses a cluster analysis to segment the consumers based on the identified criteria patterns. This is done based on a sample of 890 German adults. We identified four criteria patterns (escape, eustress, integrity and sustainability) and three media consumer segments (average sport followers, entertainment-driven sport followers and value-driven sport followers). The results revealed that the most significant differentiating factor between the segments was event sustainability, while integrity had a high relative importance for all segments. The findings enhance our understanding of the different types of media consumers and their expectations regarding SMEs, and lay the groundwork for research into the impacts of ethical and sustainable consumer culture on future SMEs.
The Effects of a Novel Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion System on Repeated 4 km Cycling Time Trial Performance in Well-Trained Male Cyclists
Authors: Gough Lewis A. , Sparks S. Andy
Published: August 2024

Background

A novel sodium bicarbonate (SB) product has come to market named the “Bicarb System” (M-SB; Maurten AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). It claims to minimise gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort whilst still improving exercise performance.

Aim

To investigate the effects of M-SB ingestion on repeated 4 km cycling time trials (TT1 and TT2) in well-trained male cyclists.

Methods

The study recruited ten well-trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

): 67 ± 4 ml kg−1 min−1 BM; peak power output (PPO) at $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

: 423 ± 21 W) to take part in this randomised, crossover and double-blinded study. Following one visit to determine $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }$$

V
˙

O

2
max

, participants completed a second visit to identify individual time to peak blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) (ITTP) in a rested state. Visit three was a familiarisation trial mimicking the experimental procedures. Visits four to seven consisted of completing 2 × 4 km cycling TTs separated by 45 min passive recovery, following one of either: 0.3 g kg−1 BM M-SB, 0.21 g kg−1 BM sodium chloride (placebo; PLA) in vegetarian capsules (size 00), or a control trial (CON). Supplements (M-SB or placebo) were ingested pre-exercise at their respective ITTP.

Results

Performance in TT1 was faster in the M-SB condition compared with TT1 in CON (− 5.1 s; p = 0.004) and PLA (− 3.5 s; p < 0.001). In TT2, performance was also significantly faster in the M-SB condition compared with CON (− 4.4 s; p = 0.018) or PLA (− 4.1 s; p = 0.002). Total aggregated GI symptoms were generally low and not significantly different between PLA and the M-SB conditions for a range of symptoms.

Conclusions

The ingestion of M-SB improves repeated 4 km cycling TT performance and the recovery of acid–base balance between bouts, whilst causing minimal GI discomfort.
Quantum optimal transport: an invitation
Authors: Trevisan Dario
Published: August 2024

The optimal mass transport problem was formulated centuries ago, but only recently there has been a surge in its applications, particularly in functional inequalities, geometry, stochastic analysis, and numerical solutions for partial differential equations. Quantum optimal transport aims to extend this success story to non-commutative systems, where density operators replace probability measures. This brief review paper aims to describe the latest approaches, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and open mathematical problems relevant to applications.
Emerging technologies in urban design pedagogy: augmented reality applications
Authors: Mehan Asma , Mostafavi Sina
Published: August 2024

In the contemporary era of urban design, the advent of big data and digital technologies has ushered in innovative approaches to exploring urban spaces. This study focuses on the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Extended Reality (XR) technologies in the metropolitan areas of Houston and Amsterdam. These technologies create immersive 'Phygital Installations' that blend physical and digital elements, effectively capturing people's perceptions and enhancing urban design proposals. By fostering human-centered planning, AR and XR technologies make urban design more interactive and accessible to the public. Houston, with its rapid industrial growth and diverse socio-economic landscape, provides a unique setting to examine the impacts of these technologies on urban form and socio-environmental dynamics. In contrast, Amsterdam, with its rich historical layers and socio-cultural diversity, offers insights into the integration of AR/XR technologies in urban planning, particularly in the realm of historical preservation and contemporary urban development. This research contributes to the emerging field of AR/XR in urban design by highlighting the transformative potential of these technologies in enhancing the understanding and engagement in urban design and spatial planning.
An Orbital Comparison of a Late Mantling Unit on Aeolis Mons With Other Erosion‐Resistant Strata Explored by MSL in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Rudolph A. , Horgan B. , Bennett K. , Weitz C. , Sheppard R. , Banham S. G. , Bryk A. B. , Kite E. , Roberts A. , Scuderi L.
Published: August 2024

Previous investigations along Curiosity's traverse in Gale crater have explored the relationship between orbital and in situ observations. This work aims to better understand the geologic environment of units only observable from orbit and compare them to the properties of units examined by Curiosity. Here, we map an erosion‐resistant dark‐toned mantling unit that overlies the modern topography of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mt. Sharp) and compare this unit to two other previously mapped dark‐toned resistant units, the marker band and the mound skirting unit (MSU), that have been inferred to represent different geologic environments (lacustrine and aeolian, respectively). Visible to short wave infrared spectra from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and visual images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and Context Cameras aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter are used for this comparison. Spectral data suggest a mafic composition with minor alteration, although the composition varies more with location around Mt. Sharp rather than between units. Morphologically, the mantling unit has strong similarities to the marker band based on their consistent low‐albedo, erosion‐resistance, and smooth appearance, contrasting with the highly variable surface texture of the MSU. We hypothesize that all three units had a similar sediment source but experienced aqueous alteration at different times: early ubiquitous cementation in a surface aqueous environment in the mantling unit and marker band versus patchy late diagenesis in the MSU. If true, these results suggest that water activity continued within the Gale crater long after the erosion of Mt. Sharp.
Probing the weak limit of magnetocrystalline anisotropy through a spin‒flop transition in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrPS4
Authors: Seo Jae Yeon , Lim Sunghyun , Shin Hyun Jun , Jeong Ki Won , Hong Jae Min , Moon Kyungsun , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai
Published: August 2024

The influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) on antiferromagnetism is elucidated through the characterization of the spin‒flop transition. However, due to a lack of suitable candidates for investigation, a detailed understanding of the preservation of the spin‒flop transition in the presence of low MCA energy remains elusive. In this study, we introduce CrPS4, which is a two-dimensional van der Waals antiferromagnet, as an ideal system to explore the exceedingly weak limit of the thermally-evolved MCA energy. By employing a uniaxially anisotropic spin model and fitting it to the experimental magnetic properties, we quantify the MCA energy and identify the discernible spin configurations in different magnetic phases. Notably, even at the limit of extremely weak MCA, with a mere 0.12% of the interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange interaction at T = 33 K, which is slightly below the Néel temperature (T
N) of 38 K, the spin‒flop transition remains intact. We further establish a direct correlation between the visualized spin arrangements and the progressive reversal of magnetic torque induced by rotating magnetic fields. This analysis reveals the essential role of MCA in antiferromagnetism, thus extending our understanding to previously undetected limits and providing valuable insights for the development of spin-processing functionalities based on van der Waals magnets.
Characterization and antioxidant activity of nano-formulated berberine and cyperus rotundus extracts with anti-inflammatory effects in mastitis-induced rats
Authors: Hashem Aml E. , Elmasry Ingi H. , Lebda Mohamed A. , El-Karim Dina R. S. Gad , Hagar Mohamed , Ebied Sawsan Kh. M. , Alotaibi Badriyah S. , Rizk Nermin I. , Ghamry Heba I. , Shukry Mustafa , Edres Hanan A.
Published: August 2024

Bovine mastitis caused by infectious pathogens, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), constitutes a major destructive challenge for the dairy industry and public health. Berberine chloride (BER) and Cyperus rotundus possess a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities; however, their bioavailability is low. This research aimed first to prepare an ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes (CRE) followed by screening its phytochemical contents, then synthesis of BER and CRE loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) (BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs), afterward, the analysis of their loading efficiency in addition to the morphological and physicochemical characterization of the formulated NPs employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zeta Potential (ZP), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) assessments compared to their crude forms to evaluate the enhancement of bioavailability and stability. Isolation of bacterial strains from the milk of mastitic cows, used for induction of mammary gland (MG) inflammation in female albino rats, and a preliminary investigation of the prophylactic oral doses of the prepared NPs against S. aureus-induced mastitis in female rats. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs is 1 mg/kg b.w. BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs alone or in combination show significant (P ≤ 0.05) DPPH radical scavenging activity (69.2, 88.5, and 98.2%, respectively) in vitro. Oral administration of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs to mastitis rats significantly (P ≤ 0.05) attenuated TNF-α (22.1, 28.6 pg/ml), IL-6 (33.4, 42.9 pg/ml), IL-18 (21.7, 34.7 pg/ml), IL-4 (432.9, 421.6 pg/ml), and MPO (87.1, 89.3 pg/ml) compared to mastitis group alongside the improvement of MG histopathological findings without any side effect on renal and hepatic functions. Despite promising results with BER and CRE nanoparticles, the study is limited by small-scale trials, a focus on acute administration, and partially explored nanoparticle-biological interactions, with no economic or scalability assessments. Future research should address these limitations by expanding trial scopes, exploring interactions further, extending study durations, and assessing economic and practical scalability. Field trials and regulatory compliance are also necessary to ensure practical application and safety in the dairy industry. In conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo results proved the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of BER/CH-NPs and CRE/CH-NPs in low doses with minimal damage to the liver and kidney functions, supposing their promising uses in mastitis treatment.
Analysis of the thermal insulation performance of cement with waste glass powder in geothermal well
Authors: Ji Ying , Song Li , Sha Qianqian , Zhu Gang , Xue Yuze , Zhang Tinghui , Fan Shuai
Published: August 2024

To improve the heat extraction efficiency from the wellbore fluids to the stratum in the geothermal well, thermal insulation cement, which contains of waste glass powder as a heat-insulating material, is proposed to apply in geothermal well’s middle and upper sections in the paper. Effect of such glass powers on mechanic and thermal property of thermal insulation cement was then investigated. Various tests were carried out to measure compressive strength, thermal conductivity, microstructure porosity etc. parameters of the thermal insulation cement. Results showed that the waste glass powder would enhance its the compressive strength and improve its the thermal insulation performance. Correlation study between contents of the added waste glass powder in geothermal cements and its mechanic and thermal property was conducted. It was found that thermal insulation cement exhibited its optimum performance when the added content of glass powers was 20% in weight. Analysis of the microstructure porosity with SEM found that the pores in thermal insulation cement with added waste glass powders were mostly closed, tiny and even, and therefore contributed to the compressive strength of the thermal insulation cement; such pores would be also beneficial to improving its thermal insulation performance.
Investigation of adaptive muscle synergy modulated motor responses to grasping perturbations
Authors: Jakubowitz Eike , Schmidt Leonard , Obermeier Alina , Spindeldreier Svenja , Windhagen Henning , Hurschler Christof
Published: August 2024

This study investigated how muscle synergies adapt in response to unexpected changes in object weight during lifting tasks. The aim was to discover which motor control strategies individuals use to maintain their grasping performance. Muscle synergies were extracted from the muscle activity of fifteen healthy participants who lifted objects of identical appearance but varying weights in a randomized order, which introduced artificial perturbations. Reaching and manipulation phases of object lifting were analyzed using constrained non-negative matrix factorization and k-means clustering. Participants exhibited a perturbation-independent and thus consistent recruitment of spatial synergy components, while significant adaptations in muscle synergy activation occurred in response to unexpected perturbations. Perturbations caused by unexpectedly heavy objects led to delayed and gradual increases in muscle synergy activation until the force required to lift the object was reached. In contrast, perturbations caused by lighter objects led to reductions in excess muscle synergy activation occurring later. Sensorimotor control maintains the modularity of muscle synergies. Even when external mechanical perturbations occur, the grasping performance is preserved, and control is adapted solely through muscle synergy activation. These results suggest that using pure spatial synergy components as control signals for myoelectric arm prostheses may prevent them from malfunctioning due to external perturbations.
Hollow spherical nano-traps using pillararene-based polymer for efficient uranium extraction from seawater
Authors: He Qiang , Peng Jiehai , Wang Yumei , Sheng Guodong , Chang Na , Du Kui , Sun Yue , Wang Haitao
Published: August 2024

A hollow spherical pillar[5]arene-based polymer (P5-AO) adsorbent with high uranyl adsorption capacity and selectivity was synthesized.
Innovations in electrocatalysts, hybrid anodic oxidation, and electrolyzers for enhanced direct seawater electrolysis
Authors: Liu Dong , Cai Yaohai , Wang Xin , Zhuo Yuling , Sui Xulei , Pan Hui , Wang Zhenbo
Published: August 2024

This review focuses on the latest developments in direct seawater electrolysis, specifically in electrocatalysts, hybrid anodic oxidation, and electrolyzers, providing a glimpse into the future of environmentally friendly hydrogen generation.
Additive manufacturing via protein denaturation
Authors: Lee Chang-Uk , Kim Sung June , Dietrich Rachel B. , Girard Audrey L. , Boydston Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

Application of patterned photothermal transduction enables direct vat-based 3D printing of unmodified proteins from aqueous formulations.
Molybdenum-mediated reductive deuteration of nitroarenes with D2O: synthesis of ortho- and para-deuterated anilines
Authors: Lu Jin-Liang , Deng Jing-Tong , Lang Ming , Peng Jin-Bao
Published: August 2024

A molybdenum-mediated reductive deuteration of nitroarenes for the selective synthesis of ortho- and para-deuterated anilines has been developed, using Mo(CO)6 as the reductant and the catalyst and D2O as D-source.
The rapeutic impact of alkaloids in neurological diseases: A promising key molecule
Authors: Kaur Sukhanpreet , Kaur Gagandeep , Rana Ruhi , Kumar Bimlesh , Melkani Indu , Kumar Shubham , Pandey Narendra Kumar , Singh Saurabh , Baghel Dileep Singh , Joshi Kardam , Patel Dhara , Porwal Omji
Published: August 2024

Neurological disease is a disorder of the nervous system. It may be associated with the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Neurological problems are disorders of specific neurons or loss of neurons with their structural or functional impairment. The specific reason for neurological diseases may be genetic defects, congenital disorders, infections, and environmental health issues. No doubt, there are various well-known synthetic medications are available for the treatment of neurological disorders but they exert many toxicities and ADRs (Adverse Drug Reactions). The identification of compelling and promising molecules may provide a miracle if they can halt the development of neurodegenerative diseases. So, drugs from plant origin are required to be discovered to replace these chemically synthesized drugs as the safety profile of these natural phytoconstituents is wider enough even at their higher doses. This article reviews the therapeutic potential of plant-derived medicines, which possess potential therapeutic effects against various neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Depression, and Anxiety. Herbs used in these diseases are matrine, physostigmine, caffeine, morphine, berberine, galantamine, piperine, and other alkaloids. These alkaloids act positively by several mechanisms like dopaminergic and nicotine agonist, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, NMDA antagonist, inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation, anti-oxidant, MAO inhibitors, and anti- amyloid agents to ameliorate pathophysiology of neurological diseases. Dur to their therapeutic impact they are now available in market but opportunities exist to overcome technological challenges.
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of Jute nano SiC and Nano carbon Hybrid polymer composite
Authors: Kaliappan Seeniappan , Yogeswari S. , I Manikandan , Prabhaka Pranav Kumar , Krishnakumari A. , Maranan Ramya
Published: August 2024

The present research aims to study the synergistic influence of nanoparticle reinforcement on the mechanical properties and water absorption outcome of jute nano SiC and nano carbon hybrid polymer composites. The results obtained in this study confirmed that there were substantial improvements in mechanical properties across the tensile, impact, and hardness results, following an increase in the concentration of nano SiC and nano carbon particle in the production of five composites in total. The material response to tensile stress, impact loading, and deformation indicated that the nanoparticle reinforcement option is a feasible strategy to improve the resistance of a material to imposed load and deformation. The water absorption test, on the other end, indicated a considerable reduction in water absorption after the introduction and increased concentration of nanoparticle in the composite formulation, suggesting a robust and superior resistance to water and dimensional changes. These findings support the use of nanoparticle reinforcement to improve the mechanical and water resistance capacity of jute-based polymer composites and seek to explore possible applications in the automotive, construction, and aerospace industries. The research approach utilized herein, therefore, assists the composites and other materials’ industries in providing means to optimize their formulation to enhance their mechanical and environmental properties.
Role Of Artificial Intelligence in Working with Emotional Intelligence in Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ojha Megha , Archana  , Kumar Mishra Amar , Kumari Jyoti , Kandpal Vinay
Published: August 2024

To incorporate leadership in the governance of the Employees, one must have a thorough awareness of the various advantages of EI in HEI. Following the development of artificial intelligence came the emergence of emotional artificial intelligence, being aware that increasing the presence of emotions in AI would raise the likelihood of parallels between humans and machines. It will also be able to comprehend humans and be more likely to identify the root cause and consequences of an issue. Many of the gadgets in our bedrooms and kitchens are artificially intelligent to assist us with everyday activities, but they lack the emotional intelligence to adjust to our needs. An artificial intelligence that satisfies a person's needs needs to be capable of adjusting to their mental state. At the MIT laboratory, several technologies are being created. A total of 309 publications on the relevance of emotional intelligence in leadership were found in the scientific databases Scopus and Emotional Intelligence Important in Leadership, out of which 105 were chosen for further study. The Bibliometric tool was used to process the data; it included details on yearly production, journal analysis, author analysis, document analysis, keyword analysis, etc. Managers and policymakers in organizations in general and Higher Educational Institutions in specific can get some valuable inputs from the study's findings that will help promote artificial intelligence with emotional intelligence in their respective organizations that will ensure their growth, stability, and prosperity.
Electrifying for Sustainability’- Exploring Electric Car Adoption in the Indian Landscape
Authors: Chand Ajay , Sharma Anjali , Gupta Sushant , Verma Rajesh
Published: August 2024

Considering the disruptive potential of electric cars in the automotive industry, this studyaims to analyze the factors influencing electric car adoption behavior among Indian car usersMethodology:The research adopts both exploratory and descriptive approaches, conducted in two phases. Phase oneinvolves engaging with 200 prospective electric car buyers to identify critical adoption factors. Phase twoemploys conjoint analysis, involving 300 consumers and assessing nine attribute combinations (price,recharge time, and driving range) derived from literature review and interactions with potentialbuyers. Findings: The study reveals the three most valued attribute combinations for Indian consumers whenselecting electric cars. Practical Implications: Decision-makers and electric vehicle manufacturers can leveragethese results to introduce advanced technology into the Indian market. The conjoint analysis findings assistmanufacturers in understanding the relative importance of features influencing consumer utility. Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by focusing on consumer behavior in developing markets,particularly India, which has been less explored compared to the asymmetry in research on electric caradoption behavior in developed markets.
Hybrid Cryptographic Approach: For Secure Data Communication using Block Cipher Techniques
Authors: Gour Ayush , Singh Malhi Simarjit , Singh Gursharan , Kaur Gursimran
Published: August 2024

In our rapidly evolving digital age, where data is the lifeblood of businesses and individuals alike, safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring secure communication channels has become paramount. This research paper introduces a novel hybrid cryptographic algorithm designed to address the multifaceted challenges of data security and secure communication. The proposed algorithm leverages the beneficial features of symmetric and asymmetric encryption approaches, developing a way for robust and adaptable security solutions. This hybrid algorithm begins by utilizing a state-of-the-art symmetric encryption cipher, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), to encrypt data while preserving its confidentiality efficiently. To further fortify the security framework, an asymmetric encryption component based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is employed for secure key exchange and a Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) in order to strengthen the security framework further. Key management and exchange mechanisms are meticulously designed to withstand attacks and safeguard the cryptographic keys. The paper comprehensively analyzes the hybrid algorithm's security properties and computational efficiency. Furthermore, it explores the techniques and algorithms employed for data security, highlighting their significance in diverse domains. This hybrid cryptographic algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness in achieving enhanced data security and secure communication through rigorous testing and evaluation. This study contributes advanced knowledge of cryptographic techniques and highlights the significance of data security in an era defined by digital interconnectedness.
Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Yield in Pune District: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Chipade Amar M. , Chavan Chetan , Nerlekar Tanaya , Barkale Akshay D. , Mane Chetan P.
Published: August 2024

Since the Industrial Revolution, deforestation, agricultural practices, and human emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels are responsible to global warming and climate change. Higher temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, shifts in the frequency and distribution of meteorological events including droughts, storms, floods, and heat waves, sea level rise, and resulting effects on human and ecological systems are only a few of the observed and projected changes in the climate. One of the biggest environmental problems the world is now experiencing is climate change. The paper investigates how three important crops and farmer livelihoods in the State of Maharashtra are impacted by climate change. Due to climate change, farmers in Central and Eastern Maharashtra are already facing challenges. The research highlights the existing issues and potential hazards faced by farmers in the state based on an examination of climate data (combining historical climate data analysis and future estimates), farmer interviews, and secondary literature assessments. The study’s findings are meant to enable adaptation plans that would reduce farmer susceptibility to climate change in Pune district of Maharashtra. Determining which mitigation techniques farmers may use will depend on their understanding of the current situation and their awareness of the specific threats the future holds. Also this study’s objective was to discover how accessible soya been, and Crops of wheat were severely impacted by local weather patterns within each of its major development phases.
Numerical simulations on LBW of thin sheets of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the Taguchi method to determine ideal processing parameters
Authors: Praveen J. Peter , Kothuru Bhagyalakshmi , Kumari M. Aruna , Shaw Shaik Mohiddin , Boppana Narayana , Mahaboob B.
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with pulsed mode laser beam welding (LBW) on 2 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets. ANSYS Fluent 16.0 version is utilized to develop a generic model with Vc++ code. The model is validated with test results. The optimal LBW parameters are obtained by maximizing the depth of penetration (DP) and minimizing the weld bead width (BW). To minimise the number of numerical simulations, Taguchi approach is adopted. The LBW parameters considered are pulse frequency, pulse width and welding speed, the absorbed power is kept as constant. The performance indicators are width of fusion zone, depth of penetration, heat affected zone and maximum temperature. The optimal LBW parameters are found to be dependent on the process indicators. A simple reliable modified Taguchi approach is followed to get a set of optimal LBW parameters for maximum DP and minimum BW.
Reliability Analysis of Micro Hydro Power Plants to Ensure Generation Availability
Authors: Adhau Sarala P. , Rajguru Vijaya S.
Published: August 2024

Renewable energy is the energy that comes from sources such as sunlight, wind, hydro, biomass and biogas etc. There is a large potential for renewable energy in India. Decentralized Distributed Generation is the alternate option for rural electrification. India’s goals for the production of electricity from renewable energy depend heavily on hydropower. However, budgetary limitations, environmental concerns, and contractual disputes play spoilsport. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources is taken into account while doing the dependability study of the Micro Hydro system. In reliability assessments of generation systems, it is normal to talk about the energy source for generation always being accessible. This suggests that the non-operation of a power plant generation unit is the only cause of the absence of electricity generation. That modeling is accurate in the case of hydroelectric generating if the reservoir has sufficient capacity to supply energy throughout an ongoing inflow regime. However, the energy availability cannot be regarded as 100% predictable in the majority of small hydro power plants (SHPP), where a reservoir is either non-existent or too small to ensure a full regularization system. This study demonstrates the system’s dependability analysis while taking into account all the ambiguities associated with renewable energy sources.
Battery Energy Storage System Allocation in the IEEE 33 Bus Test System for enhanced system performance
Authors: Tandon Ankush , Jain Pooja , Gauta Tanu , Yadav Yukti , Arya Suryansh , Solanki Yathartha
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the optimal allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the IEEE 33 Bus Test System to en-hance overall system performance. Using ETap simulation software, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to identify strategic locations for BESS deployment. The study aims to improve system reliability, reduce transmission losses, and enhance voltage profile under various operating conditions. The ETap platform facilitates detailed modeling and simulation of BESS integration, considering factors such as load variations, renewable energy sources, and network constraints. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed BESS allocation strategy in mitigating voltage fluctuations, minimizing power losses, and optimizing the overall operation of the IEEE 33 Bus Test System. The findings contribute valuable insights to power system planners and operators seeking to leverage BESS for enhanced performance and grid resilience.
Rice Husk Ash based Sodium Silicate as the Alkali Activator in slag based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Chithambar Ganesh A. , Raju Hemadri Prasad , Margret Leema , Jinendra Usha
Published: August 2024

Geopolymer binders have become a cutting-edge, environmentally friendly substance with the potential to replace Portland cement in a variety of applications and potentially cut the carbon footprint of concrete production by up to 80%. Precursors and alkali activator solution are the essential part of geopolymer. Precursor material can be industrial wastes and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is used in this investigation. However, the requirement of synthetic alkali activator solutions has to be addressed to fully realize the sustainability benefits of geopolymer concrete. In this aspect, an effort has been taken to synthesis sodium silicate solution from the processed rice husk ash using hydrothermal process and utilize the same for the production of geopolymer concrete. The different parameters that influence the properties of synthesized sodium silicate solution such as ratio of sodium hydroxide to rice husk ash, temperature maintained in the hydrothermal process and duration of hydrothermal process was varied and investigated in this study. The ratio of sodium hydroxide to rice husk ash was varied in different proportions such as 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2. Temperature was varied as 80, 100, 120 degree Celsius and reaction time was varied as 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes. The geopolymer concrete was tested for setting time, compressive strength, split tensile strength and water absorption capacity. The strategy is thought to have a good chance of significantly lowering the global warming potential of geopolymers. Findings of this study unleash hefty potential in the arena of geopolymer concrete towards sustainable development.
Analysis and Optimization of Transportation Logistics for Supply Chain Management of Perishable Goods using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Pol Sonia Mahendra , Rayte Aniket , Patil Bhushan T. , Joshi Ketaki N.
Published: August 2024

In the realm of intelligent transportation, the global logistics and supply chain industry grapples with the challenges of the transportation of perishable goods. This paper advocates for the optimization of perishable goods transportation through the application of Monte Carlo Simulation, a sophisticated tool to analyse traffic patterns and refine route selection. Targeting decision-makers, the study aims to unravel the intricate relationship between traffic dynamics, route choices, and product perishability. Historical traffic data, perishability rates, and route information are the basis for simulating the impact of traffic hours on goods perishing. The model actively seeks routes that minimise perished goods, employing Monte Carlo simulation to quantitatively assess the risks and benefits of various strategies. By presenting a data-driven framework, the research enhances supply chain efficiency, curbs losses of perished goods, and encourages the adoption of sustainable and intelligent transportation methods within the industry.
Performance of Self Curing Concrete with addition of Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Super Absorbent Polymer
Authors: P Jaishankar , S Kanchidurai , Vivek S.S. , C Venkatasubramanian , D Muthu
Published: August 2024

Cement, aggregates, and water, either with or without appropriate admixtures, are the ingredients of concrete. Concrete must be properly cured in order to meet specifications for performance and durability. Maintaining the ideal moisture levels to encourage maximum cement hydration right away after placement is known as curing concrete. The self-curing nature of concrete eliminates the need for external curing. It works better with concrete and is primarily utilized in areas with scarce water supplies. This study compares the performance of concrete by analysing the impacts of two alternative curing agents, such as polyethylene glycol 400 and super absorbent polymers, at varied proportions by weight of cement. Once curing ingredients were added, cubes and cylinders were cast and allowed to cure outside. There is a report on the qualities that were investigated and contrasted with traditional concrete. Various ages up to 28 days were used to determine strength qualities including split tensile strength and compressive strength. Study was also done on durability attributes such porosity, sorptivity, alkalinity test, and acid resistance. The weight of cement substituted with 5% PEG 400 has a better compressive strength. Through strengthening traditional curing, PEG 400 may promote self-curing. The best ratio for obtaining maximal strength without sacrificing workability was found to be 5% of PEG 400 by weight of cement, followed by 10% and 0.25 and 0.5% of SAP. In SCC, acid has very little effect.
Kriging interpolation to determine intermediate mechanical properties of soils
Authors: Aldungarova Aliya , Alibekova Nurgul , Karaulov Sabit , Kudaibergenov Nurlan , Rakizhanova Zhanar , Uruzalinova Meruyert
Published: August 2024

This study examines the application of interpolation technique using ArcGIS software to determine the average mechanical properties of soils in a specific area. The study of soil geotechnical properties plays an important role in construction design and reliability. However, constraints such as limited resources and difficulty in accessing test sites can make it difficult to conduct laboratory and field work on each soil sample. Therefore, the use of interpolation techniques can fill data gaps and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the soil layer characteristics. The proposed Kriging interpolation methodology allows setting the required depth and obtaining accurate values of geotechnical soil characteristics, which facilitates the assessment of engineering and geological conditions at the construction site. This can reduce the cost of survey work and provide data not only for idealized conditions, but also for realistic ground layering scenarios. The proposed methodology also serves as a practical tool for foundation base visualization, providing engineers with a complete understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the soil and helping to select optimal foundation types and sizes.
Assessment of PM10 in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Its Potential Source Regions
Authors: Rathnayake Thrividya , Gupta Lovleen
Published: August 2024

Air pollution, specifically the presence of particulate matter (PM10) is a growing concern in many parts of the world, including Sri Lanka because of their ability to cause series health risks, destructive environmental damage and their negative effects on the nation’s economy. Since Colombo is the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, this study analyzed the PM10 concentrations in Colombo over one-year period; impact of meteorological parameters on the PM10 levels and potential source regions. To accomplish this, data on 24-hour average PM10 concentrations and meteorological parameters were collected at Colombo from Jan to Dec 2022. Colombo experienced 40.5 ± 26.6µgm-3 average PM10 concentrations in 2022 which is about 3 times higher than WHO guidelines (15µgm-3). Seasonally, Northeast monsoon season experienced the highest average PM10 concentration (~56.8 µgm-3) in Colombo that may be attributed to low rainfall (~3.8mm) and low wind speed (~12.1mph). Conversely, minimum average PM10 level (~24.2 µgm-3) occur during Southwest monsoon which may be caused by higher rainfall (~8.4mm) and wind speed (~17.9mph). CBPF was used to evaluate the potential source regions for high PM10 levels in Colombo, indicating potential sources could be vehicular emission, thermal power plant, waste combustion and industrial emissions. The results of this study assist policy makers in charting the control strategies in the region.
Comparing Ease of Living parameters & Urban Greening Index
Authors: Subramanian Divya
Published: August 2024

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) provide essential ecosystem services and greatly aid in ameliorating the local climate and quality of life. UGS face an immense threat with rapid urbanization and governance apathy. With the induction of government backed initiatives like AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission, preserving and developing open spaces became integral to the urban planning practice and local area development. The Ease of Living Index (EOLI) provides multiple indicators related to UGS with varied weights. However, the present UGS condition in the most liveable cities with high green scores have quality and quantity shortcomings. This research derives and compares the Urban Greening Index (UGI) for the most liveable Indian cities as per the 2018 EOLI report. Mumbai was on the top three cities decreed most liveable as per EOLI 2018. This study used Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery with summer and winter variations for 2016 and 2019. Geospatial analysis using GIS was undertaken to derive the UGI for Mumbai. The methods adopted by EOLI to derive the green indicators, were found to be inadequate to assess the actual ground realities. The EOLI methods lacked actual consideration of vegetation quality, spatial arrangement within urban cores and clusters, proximity to residential areas, accessibility, and ecosystem services valuation, among other vital aspects. The study stipulates amended indicators that could be incorporated to better assess the EOL for Indian cities.
Probable Intersection Layouts and Effects on Traffic Flow at Ring Road upon the Operation of Multi Level Car Park at Tribhuvan International Airport
Authors: Adhikari Prabesh , Maharajan Madan Gopal , Rajesh Vidya
Published: August 2024

Trbhuvan international Airport (TIA) is only one International Airport in Kathamandu. It has one domestic and one international terminal. The road intersection at the access road of the TIA and the Ring Road is one of the important intersections of traffic network of Kathmandu city. The probable impact on the Ring Road and road to multi level car park was investigated. SIDRA INTERSECTION 5.1 was used to analyze the delay and queue lengths at the intersection. The traffic count, vehicle dimensions, movement data and geometric data of the site were used as input for analysis. Four parameters consisting of average delay, level of service degree of saturation and queue length were considered for the analysis of the probable intersection layouts. The intersection was analyzed as of existing intersection layout and other six alternative options. The operational performance of intersection at ring road due to multi level car park without any improvement was found to cause more average delay and queue lengths under the existing layout. The analysis of probable intersection layouts show that right turn movements were main cause of traffic disturbance resulting into increased delay and queue length.
Research on capacity trading mechanism considering flexibility resource capacity credibility
Authors: Chen Ruojing , Zhang Jian , Luo Huanhuan , Qi Yang , Zhao Shiyi
Published: August 2024

The advantage of flexible resources such as storage, pumped storage and virtual power plants participating in the capacity market is the ability to respond quickly to changes in system demand and increase the uptake of renewable energy. In this paper, the downgrade factor is used to evaluate and convert the trusted capacity value, and the investment cost of flexible resources and the trusted capacity value are considered. The basis of market quotation is obtained by weighted average, and the corresponding capacity market mechanism and clearing method are designed.
Research on renewable energy industry technology and choice
Authors: Gai Di , Liu Chuanbo , Bai Yuanlong , Lv Jiaolong , Yu Di , Song Hongfei , Han Yishu , Zhang Mengyu , Ma Shizhe , Ming Xin
Published: August 2024

There are great differences in the types, development levels, and technological costs of renewable energy technologies, and they need to be classified and guided at the same time as comprehensive development. Organizations should formulate development roadmaps and action plans for various renewable energy technologies. At present, there is a game of interest among the selection subjects, and the technology evaluation system has yet to be perfected. The technology selection plan needs to be optimized. The renewable energy industry's technology selection should consider the combination of national responsibility and national obligations, government promotion and market guidance, and actual needs in relation to long-term development. Combined coordination of the impact of dynamic mechanisms, grasp the resource conditions and innovation capabilities of various regions, avoid research and development risks, learn from international trends, and serve development planning.
Technical principles and prospects of distributed rooftop photovoltaic power generation
Authors: Han Yishu , Su Yu , Zhao Yuejun , Liu Chuanbo , Ma Shizhe , Gai Di , Bai Yuanlong , Zhang Mengyu , Ming Xin , Lv Jiaolong
Published: August 2024

This paper will start from the concept of smart grid and green energy, analyze the advantages and applications of distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power generation in the energy system, study the significance of PV power generation, as well as the principle of PV power generation, the material and main structure of solar cells, and introduce the basic types of grid-connected photovoltaic systems, system structure, and working principle. It explores how to promote the development of green energy through photovoltaic power generation, and looks forward to its future development trends and challenges.
Detection indicators and evaluation methods of hydrogen energy storage systems
Authors: Zhou Hanghang
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen energy storage system is a solution for the consumption of new energy and the construction of a new distribution system. This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen energy storage system based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Around the evaluation criteria of technology, safety, economy, and environment, a multi criteria detection index system and evaluation model for hydrogen energy storage system are established. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to comprehensively evaluate the four aspects of the first and second level evaluation indicators of the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system, which solves the uncertainty problem in the evaluation process. The calculation example shows that in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage systems, when using the same type of Type III bottle, the evaluation of a 35MPa hydrogen storage system is slightly higher than that of a 70MPa hydrogen storage system. This method lays a theoretical foundation for the large-scale development of the hydrogen energy storage industry in the future.