bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative impacts exerted by elevated arsenic concentrations in drinking water on biochemical parameters in children living in a specific geochemical province
Authors: Koldibekova Juliya V. , Zemlyanova Marina A. , Pustovalova Olga V. , Peskova Ekaterina V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. There are geochemical provinces in Russia where refuse heaps from mining enterprises increase a share of water samples from drinking water supply sources that don’t conform to hygienic standards as per their sanitary and chemical parameters, including arsenic concentrations.Material and methods. Our research objects were drinking water samples taken in a specific geochemical province where arsenic concentrations in drinking water were increased and the situation was made even worse by a mill tailing belonging to a closed mining enterprise located there (the test territory). Our reference territory was another geochemical province where arsenic wasn’t detected in drinking water in excess concentrations and where no mill tailings were belonging to similar enterprises. We also took data on risk assessment and examined biological materials taken from children (blood, urine, and hair).Results. Poor quality of drinking water as for arsenic contents caused by specific conditions in a geochemical province and aggravated by a mill tailing belonging to a closed mining enterprise led to unacceptable risks of non-carcinogenic effects (up to 1.83∙10-2) produced on the cardiovascular and hormonal system, as well as on the gastrointestinal tract. Children who had to drink low quality water had arsenic in their blood, urine, and hair in concentrations which were up to 264 times higher than those in blood, urine, and hair of children from the reference group. Children who had elevated arsenic concentrations in urine (starting from 0.295 µg/ml), blood (starting from 0.006 µg/ml), and hair (starting from 14.59 µg/ml) had their laboratory test indices deviating from those in children from the reference group. Thus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine concentrations in blood serum were 1.2-1.3 times higher than in the reference group. A contribution made by arsenic into biochemical indices deviating from the physiological standards varied from 16% to 97%.Conclusions. Geochemical provinces with excess arsenic concentrations and mill tailings belonging to mining enterprises, either closed or operating, require special attention. It is necessary to accomplish medical and preventive activities aimed at minimizing health risks; take into account peculiarities related to how this element accumulates in a body and detected negative changes in biochemical parameters.
Experimental study of the toxicity of N-nitrosoamines when entering with food products for infants
Authors: Shur Pavel Z. , Suvorov Dmitry V. , Zemlyanova Marina A. , Nurislamova Tatyana V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Nitrosamines that are introduced with food produce both general toxic effects on a body and specific and remote ones (allergic, mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects). Nitrosamines that occurred in food products aimed for infants nutrition are priority contaminants for working out standard as per health risk criteria.Data and methods. We assessed impacts exerted by chemicals contained in canned meat for babies on 120 white Wistar rats. Our examined product was canned meat with N-nitrosamines in their minimum and maximum concentrations. For an approximation of the experiment to real conditions as it was only possible, we took rats with their age being comparable to that of human babies.Results. Laboratory animals from test groups were fed with canned meat that contained N-nitrosamines for 28 days. As a result, we detected significant discrepancies in AAT, ALT, and GGT levels in blood between an intact group and test ones. We established NOAEL to be equal to 0.00064 mg/kg a day. We also conducted an experiment aimed at determining the benchmark dose level (BDML) for N-nitrosamines introduced with canned meat for babies and applied its results to perform mathematic modeling for “dose - effect” dependence. This modeling allowed establishing authentic cause-and-effect relations between canned meat contamination with a total of N-nitrosamines and increased values of hepatotoxicity markers. We chose the lowest level out of all the control ones obtained via “dose - effect” dependence modeling; it was equal to 0.00063 mg/kg a day.Conclusion. Obtained reference dose (0.00063 mg/kg) for a total of N-nitrosamines introduced with canned meat for babies can be a starting point for determining MDM and MPL of total N-nitrosamines in examined food products
Behavioral health risks for students during distance education
Authors: Popov Valery I. , Milushkina Olga Yu. , Skoblina Natalya A. , Markelova Svetlana V. , Sokolova Natalya V. , Dementev Aleksey A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The modern development of information and communication technologiesand the current epidemiological situation have led to the widespread use of distance educational technologies. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained during the hygienic assessment of the characteristics of the lifestyle and activity of students in the period of active introduction of forms and methods of distance education.Material and methods. An online survey of 498 students in 2019 during the period of traditional education and 1587 students in April 2020 during the implementation of the educational process in the distance format was conducted. The coordinator of the work was the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow.Results. The obtained data allows talking about the negative impact of electronic devices on the lifestyle of students. A significant increase in the time of the use of gadgets (almost twice) and their number (2-4) when transferring the educational process to a remote format is proved. In general, the use of stationary and mobile electronic devices in more than 50% of respondents amounted to five hours or more. A decrease in the quality characteristics of the lifestyle of students in higher education during the transition to distant education has been established, while more than a third of them do not realize this. As risk factors, a decrease in motor activity, visual impairment, neuropsychic stress, poor nutrition, etc. In the absence of direct contact with university teachers, the opportunities for creating healthy lifestyle skills within the university are reduced and the importance of teachers as an authoritarian influence and a personal example for students is reduced.Conclusion. Informatization and the introduction of distance learning technologies in the higher education system require comprehensive studies of the advantages and disadvantages of such a learning format. The forced mass introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process has exposed many problems that have not yet been given sufficient attention and, in the future, they can become the basis for promising research in the field of educational hygiene. The results obtained suggest that modern students do not pay enough attention to their lifestyle in the period of the distant education.
Epidemiological evaluation of the probability of consequences of the application of anti-icing material for health of children and adults
Authors: Evseeva Irina S. , Vodyanova Mariya A. , Meshkov Nikolay A. , Valtseva Elena A. , Ushakova Olga V. , Kriatov Igor A. , Matveeva Irina S.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. In recent decades scientific studies show the level and nature of chronic respiratory pathology in the population to be the indicator of the quality of the environment, including the quality of the atmospheric air of modern cities, is in many ways. The exposure of all age groups of the population to chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system reliably correlates with the level of air pollution. Many studies are devoted to studying the effect of anti-icing agents (AIA) on human and animal bodies. However, very few works devoted to the causal relationship between the use of AIA and the gain in the prevalence of bronchopulmonary diseases.The aim of the work is to conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the level and dynamics of the incidence of diseases of the respiratory organs to assess the likelihood of the consequences of using GMD for the health of children and adults.Material and methods. A descriptive epidemiological analysis of the level and dynamics of the incidence of diseases of the respiratory organs in the population of Moscow was carried out by the main age groups: children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-17 years), adults (over 18 years) for the periods 1995-2001 and 2012-2017 The study was carried out based on medical reporting data (a form of FSN No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of service of a medical organization”) provided by the Moscow Department of Health.Results. The results of the study showed diseases of the respiratory system to be the leading pathology in all age groups from 1995-2017. The rate of the increase in the incidence by 2017 has decreased significantly compared with 2000. However, in 2017 compared to 2012, among children, adolescents, and adults there was a positive increase in the incidence of neoplasms, the largest increase was in the group of adolescents - by 7.2%, as well as for many other diseases.Conclusion. Children have been established to be more susceptible to the effects of ecopathological factors, especially during critical periods of growth and development (1 year of life, at the age of 7 years, 15-17 years). The data obtained as a result of the analysis of the increase in the incidence rate of the indicator pathology of respiratory organs and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue among the population of Moscow compared to 2012 confirm the need to continue in-depth studies to assess the possible impact of AIA on the health of the population.
Science Diplomacy – To 2030 and Beyond
Authors:   Talloires Dialogue Team
Published: September 2020

The 2nd International Dialogue on Science and Technology Advice in Foreign Ministries was co-convened at the Tufts European Center in Talloires, France, from 15-17 September 2017 by the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA) and the Science Diplomacy Center (Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University). ‘The Talloires Dialogue’ engaged the Foreign Ministries Science and Technology Advice Network (FMSTAN) and other representatives from foreign ministries of sixteen nations to address developments in our globally-interconnected civilization that require science and technology advice for informed decision-making. Multi-stakeholder fora, including INGSA and FMSTAN, provide global and international venues for dialogues among allies and adversaries alike to build common interests with continuous progress, responding to crises and emergencies, disruptive technologies, global spaces and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals beyond 2030 on a planetary scale. Progress with science diplomacy was discussed as an evolving international, interdisciplinary and inclusive process that requires training to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations.
GAMBARAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DARI SUDUT PANDANG WORK FAMILY CONFLICT MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA (Studi pada: Pegawai Wanita di Sektor Perbankan Kota Medan)
Authors: Sarah Imelda  , Ezzah Nahrisah
Published: September 2020

This Study aims to describe the performance of female employees in the Medan banking sector in terms of work family conflict and job satisfaction. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers used the distribution of questionnaires (questionaire) and in-depth interviews (indepth interview) with employees, especially women in the banking sector in the city of Medan. The researcher spreads the list of questions (questionaire) directly to the employees. The population in this study were female employees who worked in the banking sector of the city of Medan. The research sample amounted to 100 people. This research is a quantitative and qualitative descriptive study. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis through path analysis. The results showed that (1) Work Family Conflict had a significant positive effect on Employee Performance, (2) Work Family Conflict had a significant positive effect on Job Satisfaction, (3) Job Satisfaction mediated Work Family Conflict on Employee Performance.
PENGARUH PERSONAL SELLING DAN WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA MEMILIH KULIAH DI STIE EKA PRASETYA
Authors: Ihdina Gustina  , Viviani
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of Personal Selling and Word Of Mouth on Student’s Decisions to Study In STIE Eka Prasetya.

The research methodology used is descriptive quantitative method. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, which is obtained in the form numbers. Source of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from questionnaires, secondary data obtained from companies, journals and books relating to Personal Selling and Word Of Mouth and Study Decisions. The population and sample in this study amounted to 268 customers Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results of the analysis give an equation of the Purchase Decision = 11,034+ 0,544 Personal Selling +0,377 Word Of Mouth + e.

The results of the analysis show that the Personal Selling has a positive and significant effect on the decision to study in STIE Eka Prasetya based on the partial test results, namely the tcount 7,303 > ttable 1,650 and the significance value of 0.000 <0.05. The results showed that Word Of Mouth had a positive and significant effect on the decision to study in STIE Eka Prasetya based on the results of partial tests, namely tcount 7,592 > ttable 1,650 and significant values ​​of 0,000 <0,05. The results showed that Personal Selling and Word Of Mouth  had a positive and significant effect on the decision to study in STIE Eka Prasetya based on simultaneous test results, namely Fcount 129,474 > Ftable 3.17 with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05. The results of this study are supported by the value of R Square  of 1,886 meaning Personal Selling and Wod Of Mouth can explain Study Decision of 49,4% and the remaining 50,6% is influenced by other variables outside of this study such as price, sales promotion and service quality.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KOMUNIKASI, DAN LINGKUNGAN KULIAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MEMILIH MELANJUTKAN PENDIDIKAN PADA STIE EKA PRASETYA MEDAN (STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA/I TAHUN AKADEMIK 2017/2018)
Authors: Muammar Rinaldi  , Shinta Feronica
Published: September 2020

Step by step a person's needs will be obtained, if they are self-motivated. Motivation can arise from within or outside of the self (environment) which is the driving factor towards the goal to be achieved. Motivation that exists in someone is a driving force that will realize a behavior in order to achieve the goals of his satisfaction. Communication has been very important in all aspects of life. Communication is an individual supporting factor to achieve the desired needs. In this study the independent variables are Motivation (X1), Communication (X2), and Lecture Environment (X3) variables. While the dependent variable is the Decision of Choosing (Y).The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive method, the unit of analysis in this study is STIE Eka Prasetya Medan, and the unit of observation is the 2017/2018 Academic Year Student. In this study population 284 students will be taken to the 2017/2018 Academic Year. The sample technique used in the study is Non- probability sampling, namely Purposive Sampling and using the Slovin formula obtained as many as 166 students.The partial results of the study indicate that the Motivation variable partially has a significant effect on the decision of students in the 2017/2018 Academic Year in choosing to continue their education at STIE Eka Prasetya Medan as evidenced from tcount 2.950 > ttable 1.974 and sig value. 0.004 < 0.05. Communication variables partially have no significant effect on student's decision in 2017/2018 Academic Year choosing to continue their education at STIE Eka Prasetya Medan as evidenced from tcount 0.883 < ttable 1.974 and sig value. 0.379 > 0.05. Lecture Environment Variables partially have a significant effect on the decision of students / i 2017/2018 Academic Year choose to continue their education at STIE Eka Prasetya Medan which is proven from tcount 2.769< ttable 1.974 and sig value. 0.006 < 0.05. Motivation, Communication, and Environment Lecture variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the decision of students / i 2017/2018 Academic Year choosing to continue their education at STIE Eka Prasetya Medan as evidenced from the Fcount value > Ftable ie 5.867 > 2.266 and sig value 0.001< 0.05. The decision decision variable is influenced by the Motivation, Communication, and Lecture Environment variables by 8.1%, while the remaining 91.9% is explained by the influence of other factors or variables outside the model such as promotion, price, location, and others that were not discussed in this study.
PENGARUH PREMI ASURANSI DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PT. ASURANSI JIWA SEQUIS LIFE MEDAN
Authors: Irvan Rolyesh Situmorang  , Wilys Hendrian
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the influence of Insurance Premium and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan., to analyze the influence of Insurance Premium on Customer Satisfaction at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan., and to analyze the influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan The research methodology used quantitative descriptive method. Data type which was used in this study was quantitative data, which is obtained in number form. Data sources were primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from questionnaire distribution to who bought Q Smart Life insurance policy product at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan, and secondary data obtained from data and literature relating to this research. The population in this research was the people who bought Q Smart Life insurance policy product at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan, which numbered around 26.550 people. By using the Slovin formula, then totally of sample was 100 people. Data was analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis method. Results of the analysis showed that Insurance Premium had a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction based on partial. The results also showed that Service Quality had a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction based on partial.

And finally it showed that Insurance Premium and Service Quality had a positive and significant influence on Customer Satisfaction Interest based on simultaneously. This research hypothesis results was supported 62.9%, which meant that Insurance Premium and Service Quality simultaneously had 62.9% influence on Customer Satisfaction at PT. Asuransi Jiwa Sequis Life Rising Star Agency Medan. While the remaining about 37.1% was influenced by other variables which was not examined in this research example economic situation, brang image and marketing mix.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PAKAIAN DI UMKM WOODENBOXROOMSTOCK MEDAN
Authors: Rukmini
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kualitas Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pakaian di UMKM Woodenboxroomstock Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asosiatif yang berupaya mengkaji bagaimana suatu variabel memiliki suatu keterkaitan dengan variabel lain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang menggunakan produk pakaian kemeja yang dijual di UMKM Woodenboxroomstock Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen pengguna produk kemeja di UMKM Woodenboxroomstock Medan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Probability Sampling sebanyak 50 responden. Tekhnik pengumpulan data dengan cara menyebarkan angket (quisioner). Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis linier sederhana, uji t, dan koefisien determinasi.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen dalam penelitian ini berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai probabiltas didapat thitung lebih besar dari pada ttabel 4.328 > 3,090 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.000 (lebih kecil dari 0.05).
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROSEDUR KREDIT DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PENGAMBILAN KREDIT DI CV. SAHABAT SOLUTION
Authors: Irvan Situmorang  , Kusnarli
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Prosedur Kredit memiliki pengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit pada CV. Sahabat Solution, mengetahui Kualitas Layanan memiliki pengaruh pada Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit di CV. Sahabat Solution dan cari tahu apakah Prosedur Kredit dan Kualitas Layanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif, yaitu data yang diperoleh dalam bentuk angka atau angka. Sumber data adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada konsumen yang membeli kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat, data sekunder diperoleh dari data data dan literatur yang terkait dengan masalah yang dibahas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah konsumen yang membeli kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat adalah 801 orang. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin, jumlah sampel yang diperoleh adalah 267 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur kredit memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan kredit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan kredit.
PENGARUH DIFERENSIASI PRODUK DAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA CV. MAKMUR AUTO SEJAHTERA MEDAN
Authors: Yulianti  , Edwin Sugesti Nasution
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of product differentiation on customer loyalty on CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan, knows the effect of distribution channels on customer loyalty on CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan, and find out the effect of product differentiation and distribution channels on customer loyalty on CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan. The population in this study is CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan as many as 62 permanent customers. The sampling technique in this study used saturated samples. Thus, the number of research samples used was 62 permanent customers. Data were analyzed using the method of multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis give the equation Customer Loyalty = 0,108+ 0,249 Product Differentiation + 0,383DistributionChannels + e. The results of the study partially indicate that product differentiation has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan. This is evidenced from the acquisition of tarithmetic 4.834 > ttable 1.67065 and a significant value of 0,000 < 0.05 and the distribution channel has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan. This is evidenced from the acquisition of the value of tarithmetic 4.818 > ttable 1.67065 and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Simultaneously, product differentiation and distribution channels simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty CV. Makmur Auto Sejahtera Medan. This is evidenced from the acquisition of the calculated Farithmetic 30,308 > Ftable 3,15 and a significant value of 0,000 <  0.05. Product differentiation and distribution channels can explain customer loyalty by 49.0% and the remaining 51.0% is influenced by other variables outside of this study such as customer satisfaction, brand and price.
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Uang Saku Dan Modernitas Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Medan Stambuk 2018
Authors: Noni Rozaini
Published: September 2020

This research is motivated by the high consumptive behavior in Economics Education Students of the Faculty of Economics, Medan Stambuk State University 2018. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pocket money management and modernity on the consumptive behavior of economic education students at the Faculty of Economics of the State University of Medan 2018. Samples in research this is 97 people. Data collection methods used were observation, questionnaire and documentation. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the partial hypothesis test, the results show that the Pocket Money Management variable has a negative and significant effect on the Consumer Consumptive Behavior of the Education Economics of the Whip 2018. Modernity variable has a negative effect and Significant to Consumptive Behavior of Economics Education Students of Stambuk 2018.
Analisis Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Dan Total Asset Turnover Terhadap Perubahan Laba Pada Perusahaan Industri Barang Konsumsi Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018
Authors: Alda  , David  , Enjelina  , Ervina Irwanto  , Marcevina Salim
Published: September 2020

Tujuan utama perusahaan adalah memaksimalkan laba. Laba perusahaan diharapkan setiap periode mengalami kenaikan namun laba yang diperoleh perusahaan di masa yang akan datang tidak dapat dipastikan, sehingga perlu dilakukan prediksi akan perubahan laba yang terjadi dari satu masa ke masa yang akan datang. Perubahan laba yang terjadi di suatu perusahaan dapat dijadikan dasar bagi para investor untuk menentukan apakah mereka akan melakukan pembelian, penjualan atau menahan investasi. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh current ratio, debt to equity ratio, dan total asset turnover terhadap perubahan laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif, kuantitatif dan deskriptif. Populasi perusahaan makanan dan minuman ada 23 perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan sampling purposive maka sampel yang memenuhi kriteria ada sebanyak 13 perusahaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda, uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan baik secara parsial maupun simultan current ratio, debt to equity ratio,dan total asset turnover tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan angka negatif yang berarti variasi-variabel perubahan laba tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel bebas yang digunakan.
Pengaruh Disiplin, Konflik Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Sukses Usaha Nirwana
Authors: Ina Namora  , Windy  , Sharon  , Stephani
Published: September 2020

The researcher took the object of research from PT Sukses Usaha Nirawana. Decline in employee performance can be seen from observations of sales data that occurred during the year are not able to reach the targets set. Some factors of performance decline are thought to be caused by discipline, work conflict and work stress. Low work discipline makes employees often do not work with the rules set by the company. From the data it can be seen that the provision of different basic salaries and bonuses is received by employees and not in accordance with the length of service given to employees differing from one position with the same division. Conflicts that occur between one division with a division or with other divisions will create difficulties because there are no good solutions to problems by employees. Employees who are less motivated at work can also cause work stress that has an impact on the employee's performance. This study uses a saturated sampling technique. A total population of 63 people and 30 people were taken from the Medan Center Point Fishermen's Office for validity testing. Theories used to support research are theories of human resource management related to discipline, work conflict and work stress and performance. The research method used is a quantitative approach to the type of quantitative descriptive research. Methods of data collection by interview, distribution of questionnaires and study of documentation. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that discipline, work conflict and work stress simultaneously and partially had a significant positive effect on employee performance with a coefficient of determination.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CHURCH OF GOD-KENYA TEACHINGS TO PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN EMUHAYA DISTRICT, WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Hezekiah Obwoge , Onkware Dr. K. , Iteyo Dr. C.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of the CoG-K teachings to people’s participation in poverty alleviation in Emuhaya District, Western KenyaMethodology: This study was a cross-sectional research that sought to give an examining and descriptive scrutiny of the CoG-K’s activities in Emuhaya District of Western Kenya. This study sampled a total of 312 respondents (1 Bishop, 1 General Secretary, 1 General Assembly Trustee, 1 General Assembly Treasurer, 16 Directors, 282 Pastors, and 10 Elders) through purposive sampling method. Oral interviews, questionnaire methods and focus group discussion were used to collect data from the respondents. Observation method was used to validate the information obtained through oral interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished literature. Data was analyzed using the theological method of induction (TMI).Results: The findings of the study showed that the teachings of the CoG-K formed the basis by which social problems were viewed and addressed. This was revealed in the people’s participations in religious, social and economic activities in Emuhaya District. Consequently, the research established that the CoG-K’s teachings is a major force influencing efforts that promote religious values as an avenue for enhancing development at grassroots level where the majority of the poor live. Therefore, the contributions of the CoG-K’s teachings to people’s ideas about alleviation of poverty are closely connected to fundamental economic activities in Emuhaya District.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is recommended that if Emuhaya District is to develop, it has to place the CoG-K’s teachings and theology of the option for the poor at the top of the agenda and to consider it as is so often the case, as adjunct to core of the work that is development.
A METAPHYSICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF UTUISM.
Authors: Waitherero Njuguna
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to understand the metaphysical nature of human person that helps in understanding the human behavior. This behavior is dictated by the existence of Utu in the human person. The paper relates human behavior with utuism and explains the reasons why human person behave in a particular way.
THE NOTION OF FAMILY IN IGBO AFRICAN SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL APPRAISAL
Authors: Onwuatuegwu Ignatius Nnaemeka
Published: September 2020

Purpose:This study is meant to appraise philosophically the notion of family in Igbo African society. The study will also show the distinguishing features between the Igbo African society and the western societies in relation to the notion of family. This paper will attempt to discuss the notion of family in the Igbo-African society with a particular interest in analyzing the components that make the family in the Igbo-African society stand out.Methodology:The applicable methodology in any study is determined largely by the objectives or purposes which the study is meant to achieve. For the purpose of this study, the applicable methodology will be a form of review of relative literatures, peer reviewed journals and internet sources which treated the concepts and issues relating the subject matters to be appraised by this study.Findings: The study finds that family is the smallest unit of society. The study also found that the concept of family is part and parcel of man, and it is as old as man himself. Furthermore, the study observed that there is a general assumption that the overall dispositions of conducts and characters in any given society can be traced to the conducts and characters at the family level. The study also found that the notion of family in the Igbo African society is distinct in several features and factors when compared to the one in the western cultures.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Although several authors have devoted the time and scholarly efforts in researching about the concept of family; there are dearths of scholarly researched literatures which narrows the concept to the Igbo African society. It implies that there are few or no academic publications where the notion of family is philosophically appraised with specific interest to its features, and factors in the Igbo African society. It is on this note that this study comes in to fill the voidness by making a philosophical appraisal of the notion of family in the Igbo African society
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, CHRISTIAN RELIGION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION: EXPLORING THE DIFFERENCES IN RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR OF IMMIGRANTS AND NATIVES IN EUROPE
Authors: Otiso Richard Ondicho
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to point out the differences between the religiosity of immigrants and natives and how they hinder or facilitate immigrant social integration into the host society. The study took a multi-national perspective as the basis for analyzing religious views within Europe whereby both the natives and immigrants in European countries are evaluated and explanations for individual groups’ integration trajectories are emphasized. With respect to a thorough scholarly analysis, this study found out that the religiosity of immigrants tends to be high than that of natives in most European countries. It also noted that the initial religiosity of immigrants drops with an increase in the duration of time the individual immigrant stays in the host country. This study makes available knowledge about religious differences in a cross-cultural perspective and strives to help sociologists in outlining the differences in order to help in studying behavior patterns in different cultural settings.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND EXPERIENCES OF PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN IMMIGRANTS IN FINLAND: AN INTEGRATING OR ALIENATING EXPERIENCE?
Authors: Otiso Richard Ondicho
Published: September 2020

The contemporary Finland is more culturally diverse than previous years thanks to increased international migration. A large number of immigrants entering Finland today are religious in one way or another. This article is a case study of religious beliefs and experiences of protestant Christian immigrants in Finland with the aim of finding out the personal feelings of immigrants towards the Finnish society. A comparative analysis of Protestant Christian immigrants’ experiences in both the host country and country of origin was taken as a foundation for determining effects of the immigrants’ religious beliefs in Finland. This study takes a cross-cultural perspective in analyzing and evaluating the religious beliefs of immigrants. Even though religion is credited to have an upper hand in facilitating social integration of immigrants into host societies, this study found out that religious beliefs and experiences of protestant Christian immigrants in Finland can be integrating or alienating, depending on the degree of religiosity of the immigrants. An awareness of this observation as discussed in this article goes a long way in providing options to choose from in navigating the common problems faced by Protestant Christian immigrants in Finland.
EFFECT OF CUSTOMER SERVICE QUALITY ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF THE NIC BANK LIMITED
Authors: Mwangi Christopher , Katuse Dr. Paul
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of customer service quality on consumer satisfaction, a case of the NIC bank limited.Methodology: The descriptive survey research design was preferred for the study. The population of the study was over 10,000 credit card holders in NIC Bank. Snow balling sampling technique was appropriate for this study because credit card customers were not keen on cooperating because of the sensitivity of information gathered and only cooperated on referral from friends. Fishers’ formula was used for calculating the sample size of an infinite population which amounted to 384 but for the purpose of improving the response rate, the study added 16 more respondents to total up to 400. The study used primary data. The study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of descriptive statistics. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings.Results: Based on the findings, the study conclded that organizations must offer their customers quality service. It was also possible to conclude that customer service was the base for business expansion because of the stiff competition prevalent in the banking industry. Results also led to conclusion that the survival of banking business is dependent on customer service. Results also led to conclusion that the customers give firms the chance to correct a service failure.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that banks should emphasize that the credit customer service operatives are honest. In addition the study recommends that the banks should give customers a chance to suggest on noted service failure.
EFFECT OF RISK IDENTIFICATION ON PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Lagat Fredrick Kiprop , Tenai Dr. Joel
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of risk identification on performance of financial institutions.Methodology: The study used explanatory research design. The study used stratified random sampling to select respondents from target population comprising of managers of 46 commercial banks, 52 Micro Finance institutions (MFIs) and 200 SACCOs and a sample size of 239 respondents obtained. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was presented, while inferential statistics was done using Pearson product moment correlation.Results: From the model results, the risk identification (β=0.026) was not significantly related to financial performance.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends regulators to consider and appropriately legislate risk identification practices to enhance performance of financial institutions.
INFLUENCE OF DELEGATION OF RESPONSIBILITY ON INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF DTS IN KENYA
Authors: Njine Grace Wanjiru , Nzulwa Dr. Joyce , Kamaara Dr. Mary , Ombui Dr. Kepha
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of delegation of responsibility on Innovation Performance of DTS in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sampling frame of this study was derived from the database of the SASRA. Multistage sampling was used to select the sample of the study. The population of the study was the 181 DTS’s operating in Kenya while the target population was 18 DTS’s.  The respondents were individual management staff. A questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Secondary data was collected through review of published literature such as journals articles, published theses and textbooks. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: The study found out that delegation of responsibilities and innovation performance are positively and significant related (r=0.081, p=0.017).Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Following the study results, it was recommended that Deposit Taking Sacco’s in Kenya should involve the employees in decision making without seeking prior approval from the manager. This will make them perceive their managers are valuing their contribution or that the managers are recognizing that they are intelligent, which will can lead to employee satisfaction and subsequently greater productivity.
EFFECT OF CUSTOMER FOCUS STRATEGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SACCOS IN KENYA
Authors: Kavulya Paul Wambua , Muturi Prof. Willy , Rotich Dr. Gladys , Ogollah Dr. Kennedy
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To examine the effect of customer focus strategy on the Performance of SACCOs in KenyaMethodology: The study was a cross-sectional survey with a descriptive research design. This design is appropriate because it is considered suitable for gathering information and generating appropriate conclusions with respect to the research questions. The target population of this study was the 181 authorized deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya that have been in existence for at least the last 5 years SASRA (2014). The firms which have been there for 5 years are considered to have adequate knowledge and have deposit mobilization strategies in place. The number of respondents was 181 CEOs and Business development managers, who are in charge of strategies. The study used questionnaires as the main data collection instrument that contained both open and closed ended questions. Questionnaires were preferred because they are effective data collection instruments that allow respondents to give much of their opinions pertaining to the research problem. Primary data was collected through administering of questionnaires to Members of the SACCOs, senior staff of the SACCOs and Cooperative Ministry/regulatory officials. The study employed descriptive analysis technique on the collected data. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.  Results were presented using frequency tables and figures.Results: Correlation analysis showed that customer focus strategy and performance of Saccos are positively and significantly associated. Regression analysis indicated that customer focus strategy has a positive and significant effect on performance of Saccos in Kenya. The hypotheses results indicated that there is a significant relationship between customer focus strategy and performance of Saccos in Kenya.  Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Saccos should ensure that they provide quality services to customers. This will create customer confidence in the firms’ ability to deliver. Further, it was recommended that the firms should develop a friendly customer-management relationship. In addition, the firms should adjust their pricing to ensure that they charge their customers reasonable charges.
Perbandingan Metode Isolasi pada Deteksi Kulit Sapi, Kerbau, Kambing, dan Babi sebagai Bahan Baku Rambak Kulit
Authors: Dyah Triasih  , Rulli Riana Dewi  , Yuny Erwanto  , Nanung Agus Fitrianto
Published: September 2020

Kulit adalah hasil samping dari pemotongan ternak yang seiring waktu semakin meningkat permintaan konsumen bersamaan dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk. Hal ini yang mendorong produsen berinovasi menciptakan produk baru. Salah satu inovasi produk yaitu pada rambak kulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi bahan dasar yang digunakan pada rambak kulit. Salah satunya dengan analisis genetik melalui penanda molekuler. Keberhasilan teknik molekuler ditentukan oleh tertangkapnya DNA genom dari sampel. Tahapan utama analisis genetik adalah isolasi DNA. Metode Sambrook dan metode Wasko yang telah dimodifikasi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel yang digunakan berupa kulit sapi, kerbau, kambing, dan babi dalam keadaan segar yang telah diawetkan dalam freezer dengan suhu -20oC. konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada λ260 dan λ280. Amplifikasi gen cytochrome b menggunakan primer universal. Elektroforesis menggunakan agarose sebesar 0,8% untuk isoalsi DNA dan 1,5% untuk amplifikasi PCR selama 30 menit dengan tegangan 100 volt. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Sambrook yang telah dimodifikasi memberikan hasil yang baik, pita DNA yang dihasilnya terlihat secara jelas dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode Wasko yang telah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA metode Sambrook lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode Wasko. Amplifikasi PCR gen cytochrome b menghasilkan produk PCR sebesar 359 bp pada kulit sapi, kerbau, kambing, dan babi.
Akses Teknologi Informasi melalui Media Elektronik pada Petani KRPL
Authors: Ardelia Rizki , Anwarudin Oeng , Nazaruddin
Published: September 2020

Penggunaan media elektronik dan pendekatan kawasan rumah pangan lestari merupakan gabungan dua metode penyuluhan pertanian yang dianggap efektif untuk mempertahankan kehidupan petani perkotaan di masa pandemi covid-19 saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat akses petani dan faktor yang mempengaruhi akses teknologi informasi melalui media elektronik pada petani Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) serta merumuskan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan akses teknologi informasi melalui media elektronik pada petani KRPL. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Kelurahan Hadimulyo Barat dan Hadimulyo Timur, Metro Pusat, Kota Metro, Lampung pada April hingga Juni 2020. Sampel penelitian yaitu 46 petani yang tergabung dalam kelompoktani yang telah menerapkan program KRPL. Sampel ditentukan menggunakan quota sampling berdasarkan pada keaktifan anggota kelompok. Peubah penelitian terdiri atas karakteristik petani, dukungan fasilitas teknologi informasi, peranan penyuluh dan akses teknologi informasi. Pengumpulan data primer menggunakan instrument berupa kuesioner. Data diolah menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi berganda serta analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian mengenai akses teknologi informasi melalui media elektronik pada petani KRPL ada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 70,7%. Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat akses petani melalui media elektronik yaitu jumlah tanggungan keluarga, dukungan fasilitas akses teknologi informasi serta peranan penyuluh pertanian. Strategi untuk meningkatkan akses petani dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang yang ada pada kelompoktani serta memanfaatkan peluang yang ada untuk memperbaiki kelemahan. Beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah memperkuat peranan penyuluh pertanian dan dukungan fasilitas teknologi informasi seperti media elektronik.
Pengaruh Pestisida Nabati Jeruk Nipis berbasis Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) terhadap Serangan Hama (Grayak, Belalang, Boleng) dan Bobot Umbi Tanaman Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam)
Authors: Hayat Elwin , Mual Carolina Diana
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pestisida nabati jeruk nipis berbasis mikroorganisme lokal (Mol) terhadap serangan hama dan bobot umbi tanaman ubi jalar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 perlakuan yaitu A1 (100% kulit jeruk nupis), A2 (100% air perasan jeruk nipis), A3 (25% kulit jeruk nipis dan 75% air perasan jeruk nipis), A4 (50% kulit jeruk nipis dan 50% air perasan jeruk nipis), dan A5 (75% kulit jeruk nipis dan 25% air perasan jeruk nipis). Data hasil penelitian selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan Analisis Ragam (Anova) metode rancangan acak kelompok nom faktorial dan diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji BNT 5%. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap hama pada pengamatan 19 HST, 24 HST, 29 HST dan 34 HST. Akan tetapi perlakluan tidak menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap bobot umbi tanaman ubi jalar pada setiap pengamatan.