bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La creación de la Guardia Nacional en México, sus retos en materia de seguridad pública, a fin de garantizar la seguridad e integridad de las personas, como un derecho humano
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Daniel
Published: May 2024

En marzo del 2019, entró en vigor en México la creación de la Guardia Nacional, la cual estará integrada inicialmente por el Ejército, Marina y Policía Federal. Sin embargo, el problema de seguridad pública en México sigue persistiendo. ¿Cuáles son los retos a los que se enfrentara la Guardia Nacional? ¿Garantizará la seguridad e integridad de las personas? ¿Saben aplicar el uso y empleo de la fuerza? Hace algunos años, el Estado consideró necesario que las autoridades encargadas por mandato constitucional de la seguridad pública fueran auxiliadas por las Fuerzas Armadas (Ejército, Fuerza Aérea y Marina Armada de México). Después de varios años de venir realizando estas actividades, las Fuerzas Armadas han sido ovacionadas y criticadas por su participación en labores de seguridad pública, ya que la mayor parte de la población ve bien la presencia de las Fuerzas Armadas en las calles, pero también hay a quienes no les agrada. El caso es que tanto Fuerzas Armadas como Guardia Nacional realizarán actividades de seguridad pública. La falta de una ley específica que faculte su actuación y una ley de procedimientos que regule la forma de proceder dan lugar a que estas instituciones, que realizan actividades de seguridad pública, redacten manuales y protocolos de actuación con base en estándares internacionales sobre el uso y empleo de la fuerza. Sin embargo, la capacitación y profesionalización a sus integrantes no parece la adecuada, ya que la forma de interpretación de los manuales y protocolos sobre el uso y empleo de la fuerza no se hace correctamente, provocando violaciones a los derechos humanos y, por lo tanto, la intervención de instancias internacionales como la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
La responsabilidad penal de los terceros civiles en el conflicto desde una aproximación constitucional
Authors: Macana Gutiérrez Nataly
Published: May 2024

El presente escrito busca analizar la decisión adoptada por la honorable Corte Constitucional colombiana en relación con la responsabilidad penal de los terceros civiles en el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y no Repetición contemplado dentro del acuerdo entre las FARC-EP y el Gobierno colombiano, y que fuera regulado a través del Acto Legislativo 01 de 2017. En virtud de lo anterior, el documento estudia qué es la justicia transicional, la verdad, y el sivjrnr; posteriormente se aborda la naturaleza jurídica de la JEP para finalmente revisar la competencia de esta jurisdicción acerca de los terceros civiles a la luz de la Sentencia C-674 de 2017.
El derecho internacional, la regulación de las compañías militares y de seguridad privada (CMSP) y el mercenarismo: análisis y desafíos
Authors: Urueña Sánchez Mario Iván
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este capítulo es determinar los alcances y limitaciones que tienen las herramientas del derecho internacional para hacer frente al desafío que, para la paz internacional, los derechos humanos y el derecho internacional humanitario, tiene el accionar de las cmsp y su personal. Para ello, se identificarán, por un lado, los niveles de análisis jurídicos atinentes a estos tipos de formas de violencia contemporáneas y, por otro lado, las implicaciones que el accionar que estos individuos y corporaciones tendrían en la responsabilidad internacional del Estado. La metodología propuesta será el análisis documental basado en normatividad y literatura académica.
La Corte Penal Internacional y la activación de su competencia sobre el crimen de agresión
Authors: Quintana Juan José
Published: May 2024

El presente capítulo describe y analiza el proceso dentro de la Asamblea de Estados Parte del Estatuto de Roma para la adopción de la decisión por consenso, de activar la competencia de la Corte Penal Internacional sobre el crimen de agresión y su relación práctica con las Enmiendas de Kampala. El capítulo analiza las condiciones bajo las cuales operaría tal competencia una vez se le sometiera a la Corte una situación al respecto.
La jurisdicción extraterritorial en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos: ¿una aproximación particular a la responsabilidad del Estado por actos ejecutivos fuera del propio territorio que vulneran los derechos humanos?
Authors: Bonet Pérez Jordi
Published: May 2024

El capítulo analiza cuál es la aproximación del Tribunal Europeo de Dere- chos Humanos (tedh) frente a la idea de jurisdicción en el contexto de la realización de actos ejecutivos extraterritorialmente, para fijar su posición jurídica y comprobar si de esta se infiere una visión particular o un posible lex specialis respecto al derecho internacional general.
infâncias, juventudes e sexualidades na escola em tempos de neoconservadorismo e pós-fascismo
Authors: Acosta Tassio , Gallo Silvio
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho busca analisar os desdobramentos da relação entre infâncias, juventudes e sexualidades que se apresentam nas escolas em tempos de cerceamentos e perseguições presentes na última década à escola. Falar de infância é discorrer sobre corpos e, justamente por isso, é indissociável da sexualidade. As relações interpessoais que ocorrem nos espaços escolares são imprescindíveis para socializações com vidas outras. No entanto, após a censura da temática de gênero e sexualidades nos planos educacionais recentes, bem como na Base Nacional Comum Curricular, e frente às sistemáticas perseguições aos professores interessados em sua discussão, nosso intuito é indagar o lugar do corpo e da sexualidade na escola, sobretudo em tempos de neoconservadorismo e pós-fascismo. Enquanto definição, entendemos por neoconservadorismo os novos agenciamentos que a matiz conservadora se utilizou para a sua consolidação na população brasileira; e, por pós-fascismo, as novas esferas de sociabilidades a partir de pragmatismos à identificação de valores comum na sociedade na promoção do pânico moral. Para sustentarmos nossa análise, utilizaremos três cenas escolares de educação para a sexualidade, entendidas aqui como práticas de resistências. Estas, muito embora recentemente vistas na sociedade como responsáveis pela destruição da família tradicional brasileira (de base heteronormativa), são valorizadas para a promoção de infâncias seguras.
looking a trojan horse in the mouth: problematizing philosophy for/with children's hope for social reform through the history of race and education in the us
Authors: Wurtz Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Many P4/WC practitioners and theorists privilege the school as a space for thinking and practicing philosophy for/with children. Despite its coercive nature, thinkers such as Jana Mohr Lone, David Kennedy, and Nancy Vansieleghem argue that P4C is a Trojan horse intended to reform the education system from within. I argue, however, that the Trojan horse argument requires us to internalize an incomplete and historically decontextualized understanding of public schools that in turn can reify histories of white supremacy within our CPIs – a consequence that can be particularly harmful when practicing P4C with minority youth. To accurately adjudicate the value of public school classrooms for P4C – especially for those CPIs whose members are primarily Black, Latinx, Indigenous, or other youth of color — I contextualize the Trojan horse argument in the history of race and education in the United States. Through this historical analysis, I conclude that the reformist position becomes increasingly more untenable and that the material history of race and education in fact supports a pessimistic understanding of P4C in education. I end by reflecting on P4C’s need to rethink its privileging of schools as a primary site for philosophical inquiry and caution practitioners against using “social progress” as a justification for how and where they practice their craft. Instead, I encourage them to rethink how and where they practice P4C, based on the local historical and material conditions of the participants.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA INTERCULTURALIDADE CRÍTICA PARA O CONTEXTO EDUCACIONAL AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Moraes Leidiane Monteiro Duarte de , Bentes José Anchieta de Oliveira , Carvalho Maria Catarina Wanzeler
Published: May 2024

Este estudo aborda a importância da interculturalidade crítica no ambiente educacional amazônico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, cujo objetivo é analisar as contribuições de autores da interculturalidade crítica no contexto educacional amazônico. As discussões indicam que para a aprendizagem acontecer, de forma significativa, é preciso que os/as docentes reconheçam e utilizem os conhecimentos prévios dos/as discentes sobre sua realidade local, partindo destes para alcançar novas aprendizagens. Para isso, os conhecimentos culturais da comunidade devem estar presentes no currículo e na proposta pedagógica das escolas.
TENDÊNCIAS DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA ACERCA DA ESCOLHA DE DIRETORES ESCOLARES NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos Marcelo Ramos dos , Souza José dos Santos
Published: May 2024

O artigo apresenta revisão da literatura sobre a escolha de diretores escolares no Brasil. Toma-se como objeto de análise 1.238 produções científicas sobre “Eleição Escolar” e sobre “Gestão Escolar”, catalogadas em cinco repositórios de relevo para a área de educação. O objetivo foi identificar principais tendências da produção científica acerca da escolha de diretores escolares. De 1.238 produções, 108 delas tratavam da escolha de diretor escolar em instituições públicas de Educação Básica e, a partir de seu conteúdo, foi possível perceber sete categorias, são elas as que tratam de: 1) relação entre processo de escolha de diretores escolares e de democratização da gestão escolar; 2) estratégias de provimento para o cargo de diretor escolar; 3) tensões entre autonomia escolar e gestão governamental; 4) escolha de diretores escolares como prática democrática em oposição ao gerencialismo; 5) legalidade dos processos de escolha de diretores escolares; 6) distorções e manipulações nos processos de escolha de diretores escolares; e 7) outros temas diversos. Conclui-se que a maior parte da produção científica analisada (71%) trata da relação entre gestão democrática e o processo de escolha de diretores escolares, bem como das estratégias de provimento do cargo de diretor escolar, o que configura uma forte tendência do debate sobre o tema.
O DIGITAL EM REDE E A FORMAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: VIABILIZANDO UMA COMUNIDADE VIRTUAL DE PRÁTICA
Authors: Neto Constantino Dias da Cruz , Ana Maria Di Grado Hessel
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, de onde se recorta a organização dos recursos digitais em rede para dar suporte à manutenção de uma Comunidade Virtual de Práticas, ou Virtual Community of Practice - VCoP (LEAVE; WENGER, 1992). A partir de uma pesquisa-ação (GHEDIN; FRANCO, 2011) e por meio da observação participante, relata como uma instituição de ensino e seus membros esforçaram-se para manter a formação de professores para e durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A partir do conceito de cibercultura (LÉVY, 1999) e utilizando recursos disponíveis localmente, um grupo de professores ligados à educação a distância, utilizou os conhecimentos oriundos das suas práticas, ora discutidas na VCoP, para ofertar um curso aos seus pares e permitindo, assim, que a instituição ressignificasse o uso do digital em rede frente a um período de perdas de vidas e de muitas incertezas.
AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS MUSEAIS ONLINE NA PANDEMIA: INTERSECÇÃO ENTRE ARTE, SAÚDE E DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Renato Akio da Cruz Yamaguchi  , Santos Wilmihara Benevides da Silva Alves dos
Published: May 2024

A metodologia educativa utilizada pelo Núcleo de Ação Educativa e no Programa de Inclusão Sociocultural(PISC), ambos da Pinacoteca de São Paulo, buscam provocar questões que possam aguçar o olhar investigativosobre uma imagem, particularmente nas suas potencialidades interpretativas no diálogo com o público. Duranteo período mais agudo da pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021), educadores deste programa propuseram o uso decelulares e lives pelas plataformas do Microsoft Teams e do Zoom para realização de sua ação educativa. Esteartigo busca refletir sobre os resultados desta experiência educativa, que estimula o desenvolvimento crítico apartir da leitura de imagem no museu de arte.
(TRANS)FORMAÇÕES NAS DOCÊNCIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS: INTERFACES COM A CULTURA DIGITAL, A DECOLONIALIDADE E A LINGUAGEM EMOCIONAL
Authors: Bruno Adriana Rocha , Souza Bianca Dias de , Souza Káren Taloana Florêncio
Published: May 2024

O presente ensaio tem por intuito a partilha de reflexões decorrentes de estudos e investigações acadêmicas emandamento, desenvolvidas por nosso grupo de pesquisa. Tais discussões emergem de perspectivas outras para sepensar as docências contemporâneas, tecendo conversações e interfaces com a cultura digital, a decolonialidadee a linguagem emocional. Por meio de indagações e contribuições de estudos, sobretudo, desenvolvidos porWalsh (2013), hooks (2017), Krenak (2019), Miranda (2016), Bruno (2002, 2021), Freire (1967, 2013),Agamben (2009), Kohan (2019), entre outras/os, delineamos questões refletidas em possíveis práticas e açõeseducativas em prol do que estamos nomeando de aulas decoloniais. De maneira articulada, evocamos diferentesvozes, saberes, linguagens, memórias, culturas e experiências, trazendo a importância de uma educação voltadapara o ancestral, o afetivo e o plural, em meio às complexidades e temporalidades existentes, bem como, àsaprendizagens oriundas desses fazeres no/com o coletivo.
Wristwatches in bare-below-the-elbows out-of-hospital policies: time for a review
Authors: Strudwick Thomas
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bare-below-the-elbows (BBE) policies are common in infection prevention and control strategies but the evidence relating to wristwatch prohibition is slim and varied in quality. No dispensation is considered for those working outside hospital, which poses unique infection prevention and control challenges. Blanket approaches may be putting patients at further risk of healthcare-acquired infections (HCAIs).

Aims:

This review aimed to collate evidence and bring clarity to the ongoing debate surrounding mandated BBE policy, specifically relating to wristwatches worn within the prehospital setting.

Methods:

Three searches were undertaken, and results refined against an inclusion criterion to ensure relevance.

Findings:

Wristwatches can be considered a vector for HCAI; however, most data on this are confounded by other known risk factors. No studies were conducted outside a hospital environment. Alternative time sources used by clinicians such as touchscreen phones are a significant pathogen vector.

Conclusion:

Four policy evidence-based recommendations are made in relation to this topic. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) should review this topic as the evidence base underpinning its guidance is inadequate.
Learning afforded to student paramedics in a rural health promotion activity
Authors: Castelletto Kathryn , Green Elyce , Barry Rebecca , Smith Brent
Published: May 2024

Background:

Clinical placements can be limited in rural areas so innovative models of this are increasingly needed.

Aims:

This paper explores the learning afforded to undergraduate paramedicine students through a short-term health promotion activity.

Methods:

Undergraduate paramedicine students who attended a health promotion event as part of their work-integrated learning requirements were invited to take part in a group mind-mapping activity. Two central questions were posed to the students: ‘What did you learn during your placement at the agricultural field days?’ and ‘What facilitated your learning at the agricultural field days?’

Results:

13 of the 14 students attending the placement participated in the study. Content analysis was carried out, and themes were agreed upon using a constant comparative method and represented as a conceptual schema. Three main themes were identified: practising professional skills experience in high-dose, narrow-scope activity; creating a space for reciprocal connection between students and community members; and challenged presumptions of rural health.

Conclusion:

Short-term health promotion activities can provide diverse and valuable learnings to undergraduate paramedicine students.
Thrown in the deep end
Authors: Cochrane Alice
Published: May 2024

Alice Cochrane reflects on her 3-week induction and her first official shifts as a paramedic
The role of palliative care in care homes
Authors: Brencens Audrey
Published: May 2024

Audrey Brencens discusses how to provide palliative care to residents and support their families.
Two new species of the genus Leptobium Casey from Northern Anatolia, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: ANLAŞ SİNAN
Published: May 2024

Two new species belonging to the genus Leptobium Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) are described, illustrated, and distinguished from congeners: Leptobium kunti sp. nov. (Bolu province) and L. straboi sp. nov. (Amasya province). Distributions of the endemic Leptobium species in central northern Turkey are mapped. A total of 23 species is now known from Turkey, with newly discovered species.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO MOLECULAR DE LEVEDURAS DA CAATINGA
Authors: Erika Pinto Silva  , Raquel Guimaraes Benevides
Published: May 2024

O bioma Caatinga é um ecossistema exclusivo do semiárido brasileiro, predominante no Nordeste, relaciona-se à seca e baixa apresenta grande valor biológico e econômico (Freire et al., 2018). O solo é um ecossistema complexo e diverso, composto por grande diversidade de microrganismos, como bactérias e fungos (Panizzon et al., 2015; Yurkov et al., 2016). Dentre os fungos, encontra-se grande variedade de leveduras (Groenewald et al., 2018), organismos unicelulares, não filamentosos, bem sucedidos e funcionalmente importantes para a manutenção e o equilíbrio do solo (Frac et al., 2018; Tortora et al., 2017; Yurkov, 2018).
Intercolony Avoidance Optimizes Foraging in Eciton burchellii Army Ants
Authors: Kunhart Tom W. , Willson Susan K.
Published: May 2024

Foraging individuals optimize spatial movement to maximize resource use in heterogeneous environments. Colonies of Eciton burchellii, a neotropical species of army ant, forage as an army, consuming broad arrays of arthropod and social insect prey. Prey depletion in foraging paths exacerbates resource heterogeneity for E. burchellii and may encourage colonies to avoid contact with recently raided areas. Colonies are known to turn in opposite directions more often than random from previous days’ foraging paths, which increases distances between recently raided areas. However, no evidence of colony avoidance of areas recently foraged by a conspecific colony has been presented. In this study, we analyze data collected in the Peruvian Amazon between 1998 and 2008 to examine colony spatial distribution using nearest-neighbor distance data. We found that colonies optimize movement by choosing foraging angles that deflect away from areas recently raided by conspecific colonies. In addition, we found that the observed nearest neighbor distance between E. burchellii colonies was more significant than expected if colonies were dispersed randomly. This dispersion pattern increases the distance between colonies and contributes to a spatial movement that optimizes foraging and decreases colony interactions at recently raided areas.
First Report of Nesting Habits, Nest Architecture and Foraging Behaviour of the Stingless bee, Tetragonula (Tetragonula) ruficornis (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from India
Authors: Hadimani Basavaraj N. , K. M. Kumaranag , Dey Debjani
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to understand nesting habits, nest architecture, and foraging behavior of the stingless bee, Tetragonula (Tetragonula) ruficornis Smith, a widespread species in the north Indian plains from Varanasi to Punjab. Among the 47 wild, unmanaged colonies studied, 27 were situated in the cavities of tree trunks and 20 in the cavities of building walls. The internal nest structure revealed that brood cells were arranged in clusters at the center of the cavity with encircling pollen and honey pots. Further, the natural nesting cavity’s total length, width, and height varied from 105 to 168 mm, 129 to 216 mm, and 283 to 472 mm, respectively. The foraging activity of outgoing and incoming foragers of T. ruficornis varied significantly during different hours of the day, across the seasons and prevailing weather conditions. Further, activity was limited to daytime from 08:00 to 18:00 h, with peak activity of outgoing and incoming forager bees between 10:00 and 12:00 h during all seasons. Irrespective of seasons, the foraging activity of outgoing, pollen, and nectar foragers was at its maximum at 12:00 h. However, foraging ceased during December and January due to low temperatures, while peak activity was observed during April. The foraging pattern showed a significant positive correlation with mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and a significant negative correlation with relative humidity. The current investigation delivers crucial information on nest architecture and foraging behavior, which could be exploited for designing bee hives and utilization in directed pollination services.
Comparative appendicular osteology of Tor spp. (Cyprinidae) in Indonesia
Authors: Akmal Yusrizal , Yunus Muchammad , Plumeriastuti Hani , Dhamayanti Yeni , Irfannur Irfannur , Zulkifli Arief Hidayat , Muliari Muliari , Batubara Agung Setia
Published: May 2024

Tor tambroides, T. tambra, T. douronensis, and T. soro are native fish species to Indonesia with their natural habitat generally being upstream of rivers in hilly areas with clear water and strong currents. Information of the structure and function of appendicular osteology is necessary to understand how fish accelerate and maintain body balance in the water. This study used 5 samples per fish species obtained from Tor fishermen around the habitat of these fish. The results of the comparison showed morphological differences between the appendicular structure of Tor species, consisting structure of the pinnae pectoralis, pinnae pelvicalis, pinnae dorsalis, pinnae analis, and pinnae caudalis. The highest variation was found in the pinnae caudalis. The pointed shape of the pinnae caudalis with long fin rays indicates that the Tor species is capable to swim at a high speeds.Keywords:ossa appendiculareTor douronensisTor tambraTor tambroidesTor soro
Manipulation of the aquatic environment to optimize the natural spawning of sunu grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in controlled tanks
Authors: Mubarrak M. Deni Feraro , Kusumanti Ima , Wiyoto Wiyoto , Muzaki Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Aquaculture within culture techniques is needed to support the optimization of a number of juveniles which sunu grouper natural spawning techniques. To optimize the natural spawning of Sunu Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) its is needed to know in details about the environment condition. Random design method by using several treatments consisted of one factor, temperature, and consisted of four treatments which are 26, 28, 30, and 32℃ which were repeated five times. Five steps were conducting start with the preparation, acclimatization of the eggs, stocking, and hatching of the eggs, and larval maintenance. Good quality feed is required to support gonad development and egg quality during brood stock-rearing. Environmental management of culture within culture techniques is needed to support the optimization of the number of juveniles.  Temperature changes made by raising and lowering the temperature are a form of stimulation that trigger spawning to occur naturally.Keywords:aquacultureaquatic environmentsunu grouper
Eleven years consecutively coral reef rehabilitation in Tobok Batang, Bontang
Authors: Prabuning Derta , Simarangkir Omega Raya , Prinanda Muhammad Naufal , Prasetyo Dimas , Nurcahaya Nurcahaya , Nasoetion Fawzia
Published: May 2024

Coral reefs in Tobok Batang, a nearby estuary of Bontang Regency, have a vital role in the threatened ecosystem due to non-environmental-friendly fishing practices and a global threat in the form of coral bleaching. In response to these conditions, PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur initiated the Kilau Samudera Program to support damaged coral reef recovery through community-based rehabilitation by developing and maintaining artificial reef modules. The study objective was, therefore, to determine the rehabilitation efficacy in Tobok Batang, through (1) coral growth informed by colony diameter, and (2) targeted reef fishes informed by abundance and biomass. Data was collected by purposive sampling in eleven clusters of three modules: pyramid, dome, and cube. The result shows that coral had been found attached in all these eleven clusters, while the targeted fishes had been found in most clusters. Clusters deployed in 2015 and 2017 have an average colony diameter of 30 cm (SE±), the two highest among the other clusters. The highest abundance of corallivores was found in the cluster deployed in 2017 and 2020 (9 ind/100 m2). The highest herbivore abundance also was found in the cluster deployed in 2017 and 2020 (23 ind/100 m2), while its highest biomass was found in cluster 2020 only (40 kg/100 m2). The highest carnivore abundance was found in cluster 2017 only, with four fish per 100 m2 as well as the biomass in the same cluster (9kg/100 m2). All these cluster groups have provided new habitats in shallow waters, indicating that the cluster has a good position and probably good material composition that can trigger coral juveniles to attach, settle, and grow, which also became a unique habitat for some targeted reef fish. This study showed that the location and these three modules were proven effective for rehabilitating methods in damaged coral reefs.Keywords:Coral Reef,Rehabilitation,Tobok Batang,Bontang,Reef Fish
Phylogenetic positions of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis species complex from Indonesian waters
Authors: Wullur Stenly , Letsoin Petrus P , Rumengan Inneke F M
Published: May 2024

The Brachionus plicatilis species complex comprises a group of rotifers commonly found in marine and brackish water environments worldwide. This group has garnered substantial attention due to its ecological significance and its utility in aquaculture research. Notably, the B. plicatilis sp. complex is renowned for its remarkable genetic diversity, which has been extensively investigated through molecular and taxonomic studies. Various genetic markers, including ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA, have been employed to identify several distinct genetic lineages within the B. plicatilis sp. complex.  Understanding the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the B. plicatilis sp. complex holds significant implications for its application in aquaculture and ecotoxicology research. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene using a dataset of 305 sequences, including four Indonesian rotifers belonging to the B. plicatilis sp. complex. These rotifers were obtained from Sulawesi Island (MNBO and MNSL), Bali Island (AY785226), and Sumatra Island (LMPG). Our primary objective was to determine their phylogenetic positions relative to molecular data available in the GenBank database. We calculated genetic distances among these rotifers using the Tamura Nei model.  The results of Maximum Likelihood tree analyses revealed distinct clustering patterns among the Indonesian rotifers. Those originating from Sulawesi Island (MNBO and MNSL) and Bali Island (AY785226) formed the SS1 group (B. ratundiformis), whereas those from Sumatra Island (LMPG) comprised the SM2 group (B. koreanus). This study underscores the importance of molecular phylogenetic analysis in advancing our comprehension of the diversity and evolutionary relationships within the B. plicatilis sp. Complex.Keywords:PhylogenyRotiferaBrachionus plicatilisSpecies complexIndonesia
Modeling sea currents in working environment area of Parit Rempak Karimun port
Authors: Haryani Eny Budi Sri , Hasan Syofyan , Candra Andika Bayu
Published: May 2024

Sea currents is an important indicator, especially if permanent infrastructure to be built in waters area. Based on Government Regulation No. 21/2O21 Regarding the Implementation of Spatial Planning, it is mandatory to have licensing for Sustainability of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities (SMSUA). Therefore, Karya Karimun Mandiri Company collaborated with authors to conduct this research  at Parit Rempak port. This research only focus to sea current  and aims to determine the existing conditions of sea currents and their modeling in planned location for construction of LPG-GFS jetty pier. The analysis includes surface current conditions, sea currents based on NOAA data, sea current rose directions, sea current modeling, bathymetry maps and sediment condition, which use primary and secondary data. Primary data was measured at 6 research stations, which were then analyzed using Mike 21 software. The research results showed that: (a) existing conditions surface current speed at high tide ranges from 0.0 to 0.83 m/s towards the east, at low tide it ranges from between 0.07 to 0.64 m/s towards the west; (b) based on NOAA data, sea currents at research location move relatively regularly and in a direction towards southeast, which were speed of sea currents varies according to season, with a range of 0.0 m/s to 0.125 m/s, non-tidal so it is relatively not turbulent; (c) sea current modeling that maximum current speed is 0.25 m/s and minimum current speed occurs at highest tides and lowest low tides, with direction of current movement to southwest and northeast; (d) bathymetric conditions with a depth between 0-5 meters, constitute shallow water and sediment consist of mud, muddy sand and gravelly sand, are safe for building a LPG-GFS jetty pier. Based on the conditions of sea currents and data above, SMSUA permits is eligible to be granted and must be issued.KeywordsSea currentHydro-oceanographicJetty pierCoastal ecosystemMarine spatial planningPort of Parit Rempak
Production performance and physiological responses of jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii) breeding maintained in different containers
Authors: Harianto Eko , Sugihartono Muhammad , Ghofur Muarofah , Safratilofa Safratilofa , Arifin Muhammad Yusuf
Published: May 2024

Jelawat fish cultivation activities are still experiencing problems with low production. In order to increase the production of jelawat fish seeds during the grow-out phase, research needs to be carried out regarding the type of containers for the cultivation. This research aims to determine the best type of container for jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii) breeding regarding production performance and physiological responses. This study used a completely randomized design with four different treatments in rearing containers and three replications including aquarium (A), fiber tanks (B), concrete tanks (C) and floating net cages (D). The fish seeds used in this study were 2.76 ± 0.15 cm long and weighed 0.17 ± 0.17 g. During breeding process, the fish were given commercial feed with a protein content of 41% and air changes were carried out at 30% of the total air volume every 2 days. The parameters observed in this research include production performance, physiological responses, and air quality. The research results showed that different types of rearing containers had a significant effect on production performance parameters, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin. Total cholesterol and hemoglobin at the start of cultivation were 191 mg/dL and 11.6 g/dL, decreasing at the end of cultivation to 120.28-141.59 mg/dL and 9.03-12.83 g/dL. Air quality was still within the appropriate range for rearing jelawat fish seeds.Keywords:Aquariumsconcrete tanksfloating net cagestarpaulin pondsjelawat fish
A partial analysis of ocean health index based on clean waters and biodiversity goals in Ambon and Baguala bays, Maluku
Authors: Kesaulya Irma , Haumahu Sara , Nikijuluw Victor P.H. , Djakiman Cilun
Published: May 2024

It is important to maintain a healthy marine ecosystem to support eco-friendly and sustainable fishery development. Implementation of Ocean Health Index (OHI) started globally in 2012, and it has been strongly recommended to be conducted at all levels: locally, nationally, and regionally. Indonesia has modified OHI for its national assessment, which it’s called Indeks Kesehatan Laut Indonesia (IKLI).  IKLI has been estimated since 2020 and introduction applied at the sub-national level. This study is an attempt to implement IKLI in Maluku province with the main objective is to estimate score of a partial IKLI, based on clean waters (goal no. 9) and biodiversity (goal no. 10). Samples were taken from Ambon and Baguala Bays between June and September 2022. For clean water goals, the parameters used were concentration of phosphate, nitrate, silicate, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and the number of ports that implemented green principles. The parameters of water quality of silicate, DO and pH in those two bays are within the range of government-mandated standards, except for nitrate and phosphate concentrations which are not. For the biodiversity goal, the parameters used are the species composition of mangrove, seagrass, fish, and coral. The IKLI biodiversity score was low due to the high level of human activity pressure at the two selected study sites. This study demonstrates the applicability of the IKLI in a partial analysis, and its usefulness in highlighting existing data and knowledge gaps. The study suggests that a comprehensive IKLI assessment should be conducted in Maluku Province. Meanwhile to improve the national-level IKLI assessment, actions should   prioritize improving water quality management, expanding marine protected areas, and monitoring coastal ecosystems, especially those heavily affected by human activities.KeywordsArchipelagonutrientOHIIKLI Maluku
A challenging climate: authoritative speech and saying no to routine vaginal examination in labour
Authors: Brione Rebecca
Published: May 2024

People in labour have a right in law and policy to say no to vaginal examinations. This should be uncontroversial: in almost no other space is it acceptable to penetrate another’s body without their say-so. Yet reports abound of women in labour having fingers inside their vaginas even after saying ‘no’. Some describe their experiences as being akin to rape.

This article argues that the framing of vaginal examination as routine may be seen as a form of authoritative speech that severely limits the ability of women and birthing people to say no to unwanted examination. Routine vaginal examination creates and determines the routine of labour care, delivers finding of fact in relation to progress of labour and creates normative and practical expectations of birthing people and clinicians. This constrains birthing people’s ability to prohibit vaginal examination on their body. This framing also presents a limited and inadequate conception of what a vaginal examination is, which further limits people’s ability to successfully say ‘no’.
Not (wo)man enough? Representations of gender stereotypes in political comedy coverage of presidential candidates
Authors: Leicht Caroline V.
Published: May 2024

Political comedy is an increasingly popular source of political information, making it important to understand how this media format presents politics to its audience and what kind of agenda it sets. However, there are still substantial limitations to the literature. The focus has often been on partisanship as a moderator for candidate representations in political comedy, while significantly less attention has been given to the role of gender. Combining frameworks from the subfields of political comedy and gendered media representations, this article adds to the growing research agenda by examining gendered representations of US presidential candidates in impressionist sketch comedy on Saturday Night Live. Content analysis reveals a persistence of gendered stereotypes in representations of candidates. Results of this study reflect the gender double bind in political leadership races and contradict recent findings on decreases in gendered media coverage.
Re-theorising conditional welfare as gendered lived experience and street-level practice
Authors: Wright Sharon
Published: May 2024

This literature-based chapter offers a new feminist analysis of welfare conditionality that questions taken-for-granted ways of knowing about social security, benefit sanctions and support. It considers how academic conceptualisations of conditionality are implicitly gendered and highlights the ethics of care literature as an alternative way to understand interdependency and care of self and others. Insights from feminist interpretivism and the street-level bureaucracy literature reveal how women’s lives are mediated by welfare conditionality texts via front-line practices of profit-motivated service outsourcing and discretion. Smith’s approach is outlined to view social security in terms of textually mediated relations of ruling, highlighting the gendered hierarchy of ‘facts’, ‘boss texts’, ideology, the disjuncture between institutional categories and women’s lived experiences, and institutional circuits. A fresh model of UK welfare conditionality is presented, involving four textual layers: layer one consists of the domain assumptions and origin stories of policy texts; layer two is the legal and policy boss texts; layer three is the hidden institutional texts that preconfigure front-line practice; and layer four is comprised of the many policy instruments that operate at street-level.
Conclusions
Authors: Wright Sharon
Published: May 2024

This chapter summarises the contributions of each of the chapters of the book to demonstrate the importance of listening to women’s lived experiences of work and welfare conditionality. It highlights the interdependency of women’s lives, which were often tightly intertwined with the lives of other family members, particularly their children’s. The falsely individualised design of welfare conditionality and sanctions was irreconcilable with family realities. Both the causes and impacts of sanctions were interdependent with others. The chapter overviews developments in welfare conditionality policy and practice since 2018, including temporary measures during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. Key ongoing issues are highlighted, including the need to: account for the true extent of unpaid care; remove in-work conditionality; and permit benefit recipients to undertake voluntary and paid work without conditionality or sanctions. Policy recommendations are made.
Whiteness, time and space
Authors: Kinouani Guilaine
Published: May 2024

The first chapter examines conceptualisations of whiteness, its temporality and relationship with space, bodies and racialisation. It asks the reader to reconsider Western time conceptualisations and how time is performed and experienced by those racialised as Other. It finally explores mechanisms of reproduction, including the group analytic matrix, social scripts and repetition compulsion to formulate the continuing presence of the ‘past’ in the present.
White gazes
Authors: Kinouani Guilaine
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the white gaze as a defence mechanism, both psychically and structurally. Through exploration of its everyday enactments, including gendered expressions, the case is made that the structural and the psychic are interdependent phenomena which collude via the white gaze to ensure the continuities of whiteness as a structure, internally and externally.
White complicity
Authors: Kinouani Guilaine
Published: May 2024

In the final chapter, I interrogate complicity. Here I examine the case for white complicity and some of the ethical questions which arise from benefiting from being racialised as white within white supremacist societies. I also think about how positionalities within stratified hierarchical systems of race lead proximal groups to become complicit in racialised violence.
Rental housing dynamics and their affordability impact in the United States
Authors: Schwartz Alex
Published: May 2024

After years of attrition, rental housing rebounded in the United States in the aftermath of the mortgage crisis of 2007 and subsequent Great Recession. This chapter examines key changes in the rental housing market since 2007. They include the rapid growth of single-family rental housing, the growth of relatively affluent renters, the growth of institutional investment, the failure of subsidised rental housing to keep up with need, and the impact of COVID-19 on rental housing dynamics.
The Irish rental sector and the post-homeownership society: issues and challenges
Authors: Byrne Michael
Published: May 2024

The Irish housing system has undergone tremendous change over recent decades. In addition to the turmoil of the property boom and bust associated with the global financial crisis, it has also witnessed a long-term decline of homeownership and social housing, a growing share of households in private rental accommodation, almost a decade of record rent inflation, and a chronic homelessness crisis. This chapter conceptualises these changes in terms of the transition from a ‘homeownership society’ to a ‘post-homeownership society’ (Ronald and Kadi, 2017), a transition which has transformed the housing system into a key driver of inequality. By taking the global financial crisis as an inflection point, the chapter examines changing patterns of housing investment, demand and policy.Indeed, in recent years an unprecedented volume of new policy has been introduced, including rent regulation, enhanced security of tenure and strengthened enforcement. These policy reforms have met with mixed success, and the challenges of affordability and security, in particular, remain. An examination of the Irish case is instructive in understanding the structural changes associated with the transition to post-homeownership, the issues associated with this transition and the challenges in terms of how policy can respond.
Change and continuity in private rental housing
Authors: Kemp Peter A.
Published: May 2024

Since the turn of the century, private renting in many advanced economies have been affected by trends and events that have caused transformative change in the nature and role of private rental housing. These trajectories of change have occurred on both the demand and the supply side of the private rental sector; and have been facilitated or affected by the growing financialisation of housing. This recalibration is partial rather than wholesale because much remains unchanged. The chapters in this book underscore the pivotal impact that the global financial crisis (GFC) has had on this recalibration of private renting, either as a catalyst of change or reinforcing changes that began beforehand. The GFC created a ‘critical juncture’ that, to a greater or less extent across the nine countries, helped shift private renting onto a new ‘developmental path’. But the transformation was also the outcome of slow-moving trends that preceded the GFC. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns created the second major economic shock of the early 21st century. It had a substantial, short-run impact on private renting; but it seems unlikely to substantially alter the trajectories of change examined in this book.
Context and landscape of pregnancy and new motherhood in prison
Authors: Baldwin Lucy , Abbott Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides insight into the current context and landscape surrounding pregnancy, new motherhood and criminal justice. It highlights the dangers and consequences of incarcerated pregnancy and forced separation from newborn babies as an imprisoned mother.
Personal experiences of pregnancy and motherhood in prison and the value of the voluntary sector in challenging the system
Authors: Harkness Samantha , Wright Michelle , Kitchen Kirsty
Published: May 2024

This chapter is co-authored by Samantha Harkness, Michelle Wright and Kirsty Kitchen; three members of the charity Birth Companions, which has specialised in supporting and advocating for pregnant women and new mothers in contact with the criminal justice system for more than 25 years. Samantha and Michelle are both members of the Birth Companions Lived Experience Team; a group of over 40 women who are committed to using their own experiences of the criminal justice, social services and maternity systems to drive improvements in the care of other pregnant women and mothers. Kirsty is head of policy and communications at the charity, working closely with the Lived Experience Team to influence policy and practice across these systems. The chapter offers a view of the needs and experiences of pregnant women and mothers of infants in prison from two women who have lived it, and the charity that supported them during that time and beyond, namely Birth Companions.
‘Learning lessons’: discussion, concluding thoughts and recommendations
Authors: Baldwin Lucy , Abbott Laura
Published: May 2024

This chapter will reflect on the book chapters to provide a summary alongside the authors’ concluding thoughts and recommendations going forwards. The final word will be given over to Louise Powell who wishes to end this book with her own comment and wishes for the future.
When insiders are kicked out: layoffs of regular workers in manufacturing
Authors: Seung-yoon Lee Sophia
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents a case study on SsangYong Motor, one of the largest automobile manufacturers in Korea, to examine the experiences of its regular workers after being laid off. The study reveals how standard manufacturing workers, who were once considered insiders in the dual labour market, fall into the outsider category due to weak institutional protection. The case study represents cell 2 in the two-by-two matrix explained in Chapter 1, which includes wage workers who are covered by institutional protection, such as regular workers in large corporations and the public sector, who are considered labour market insiders. Victims of the 2009 SsangYong Motor layoffs experienced a sharp decrease in their income immediately after the layoff and were drifting from one unstable job to another, such as outsourcing, daily labour and micro-scale self-employment. In this chapter, I highlight the issue of old precarity, where workers with stable employment status can easily slide into precarious work once they lose institutional protection.
Same boat, different destiny: subcontracted workers in the Korean shipbuilding industry
Authors: Seung-yoon Lee Sophia
Published: May 2024

This chapter delves into the employment structure of subcontracting within the shipbuilding sector, a practice that has become widespread among conglomerate-led manufacturing industries. The chapter primarily investigates the transformation of the prevalent employment structure involving contractor–subcontractor agreements in the shipbuilding industry, an area dominated by conglomerate manufacturing companies that are part of the so-called Korean insider labour market. It also explores the experiences of subcontracted workers within Korea’s social safety net, examining elements such as the employment and wage structures, working patterns, and the relationship between subcontracted workers’ labour market experiences and social security. The case study in this chapter aims to bring attention to the employment status of subcontracted workers who are excluded from institutional protections typically afforded to regular employees, thereby highlighting the plight of non-regular and subcontracted workers within the context of a fissured workplace and inconsistent institutional protection policies.