bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effect of Uncertain Clamping Stiffness on the Dynamical Behaviour of Structures Using Interval Field Methods
Authors: Imholz Maurice , Vandepitte Dirk , Moens David
Published: November 2015

In uncertainty calculation, the inability of interval parameters to take into account mutual dependency is a major shortcoming. When parameters with a geometric perspective are involved, the construction of a model using intervals at discrete locations not only increases the problem dimensionality unnecessarily, but it also assumes no dependency whatsoever, including unrealistic parameter combinations leading to results that probably overestimate the true uncertainty. The concept of modelling uncertainty with a geometric aspect using interval fields eliminates this problem by defining basis functions and expressing the uncertain process as a weighted sum of these functions. The definition of the functions enables the model to take into account geometrically dependent parameters, whereas the coefficients in a non-interactive interval format represent the uncertainty. This paper introduces a new type of interval field specifically tailored for geometrically oriented uncertain parameters, based on a maximum gradient condition to model the dependency. This field definition is then applied to a model of a clamped plate with uncertain clamping stiffness with the purpose of identifying the effects of spatial variability and mean value separately.
Robust Truss Topology Design with Beam Elements via Mixed Integer Nonlinear Semidefinite Programming
Authors: Gally Tristan , Gehb Christopher M. , Kolvenbach Philip , Kuttich Anja , Pfetsch Marc E. , Ulbrich Stefan
Published: November 2015

In this article, we propose a nonlinear semidefinite program (SDP) for the robust trusstopology design (TTD) problem with beam elements. Starting from the semidefinite formulation ofthe robust TTD problem we derive a stiffness matrix that can model rigid connections between beams.Since the stiffness matrix depends nonlinearly on the cross-sectional areas of the beams, this leads toa nonlinear SDP. We present numerical results using a sequential SDP approach and compare them toresults obtained via a general method for robust PDE-constrained optimization applied to the equationsof linear elasticity. Furthermore, we present two mixed integer semidefinite programs (MISDP), onefor the optimal choice of connecting elements, which is nonlinear, and one for the correspondingproblem with discrete cross-sectional areas.
Statistical Consideration of Uncertainties in Bolted Joints of the Drive Train of Sheet-Fed Offset Printing Presses
Authors: Norrick Nicklas
Published: November 2015

This paper outlines a design process for the bolted joints of the drive train of sheet-fed offset printing presses incorporating statistical data and methods. Sheet-fed offset printing presses are driven by a continuous geared drive train along the length of the press. The bolted joints of the drive train connecting the gears to the cylinders of the press are subjected to high loads, especially during emergency stops. A nonlinear mechanical model of a printing press implemented in Matlab/Simulink is presented which is used to calculate the occurring loads. Measurements of linear and nonlinear system response are presented to support the quality of the mechanical model. The bolted joints between the main drive train gears and cylinders are designed according to current standards. Statistical information based on experimental data is considered during the application of the standardized method. Using the Monte Carlo technique, a more exact description of the joint’s strength is made possible. In this way, the maximum tolerable load for the screw connection is 16% higher than the same result from a standard worst-case calculation.
Opportunities and Limitations of Structural Intensity Calculation Regarding Uncertainties in the NVH Design of Complex Vehicle Body Structures
Authors: Stoewer Torsten , Ebert Johannes , Melz Tobias
Published: November 2015

The calculation of the structural intensity allows for a better understanding of the NVH behavior of complex structures as it shows vibratory energy flows between an excitation and radiating areas. However, the information gathered is underlying aleatory and epistemic uncertainties and needs to be dealt with carefully. In this paper two aspects are discussed: Firstly how the structural intensity calculation helps to reduce uncertainty in NVH design and secondly what currently existing uncertainties need to be considered and how they can be further reduced. This does not only include an improvement of the current calculation process itself but also an extension towards an integrated, holistic calculation of vibratory energetic quantities for structure-borne and air-borne sound.
Computer Aided Injection Multi Cavity Molding Process Analysis of Thermoplastic Polymers
Authors: Tzetzis Dimitrios , Sofianidis Ioannis , Kyratsis Panagiotis
Published: November 2015

Multi cavity injection molds contain two or more cavities for the fabrication of multiple parts in a single production cycle sharing a mutual batch of thermoplastic resins. The current study simulates the process of performing runner balancing for the two uneven cavities of an electrical box, while it studies the effects of certain injection molding process parameters. The runner layout and the injection locations have been studied and detailed considering the product’s geometries. The runner balancing procedure and the thickness distribution have been also investigated by taking into account the properties of three polymers such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP). The results show that the thickness distribution of the sprue and the runners for the PP and HDPE polymers is quite similar, after the conduction of the runner balancing process; on the contrary, the runners for the PS polymer should be thicker in order to achieve balanced filling within the cavities. The comparison of the materials reveals that PS has certain difficulties to flow under the conditions specified in this study. On the other hand, the injection of PP resulted in excellent balanced fillings, indicating a polymer that is easier to flow. Finally, the HDPE polymer appears to possess the greatest performance in terms of flowability considering the corresponding performances of PP and HDPE polymers.
The Mould Design for Production of Plastic Component by Injection Moulding Technology
Authors: Bulej Vladimir , Kuric Ivan , Popescu Adrian
Published: November 2015

The article deals with the design of the mould for plastic component production by injection moulding technology. There are described the basic steps of whole design process how to choose and design the suitable components with respect to fulfilling the technology requirements necessary for high quality products. The mould contains also the rotary cores with respect to the shape and dimensions of produced part, especially the thread surfaces. The mould flow analysis was carried out for the functionality demonstration.
Topology Optimization of an Airplane Component to Be Made by Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Păcurar Răzvan , Păcurar Ancuţa
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a research performed in the field of airplane components made by Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. The mechanical behavior of fixing clamps for the hydraulic pipes that are passing through an airplane fuselage has been analyzed by using a dedicated topology optimization program. Two types of materials have been considered as an alternative for this type of component to be manufactured by SLM: Ti6Al4V and AlSi12. By using the Femap NX Nastran topology optimization program, it was possible to re-design the shape of this component and to select the best type of material that is adequate from the mechanical strength point of view, with a minimum weight as an optimization goal.
Basic Research on Lattice Structures Focused on the Tensile Strength
Authors: Kessler Julia , Bâlc Nicolae , Gebhardt Andreas , Abbas Karim
Published: November 2015

This scientific survey is about the mechanical properties of lattice structures which are made by Selective Laser Melting. It’s a process based on Additive Manufacturing technologies. This technology allows the manufacturing of complex lattice structures, and further the integration of lattice structures into different applications. Focusing on the integration of these structures, it is necessary to know what kind of effect they have on applications and what positive properties they might support. More and more the industry searches for new supporting technologies and the trend is towards lightweight and material saving possibilities. [1, 2] A survey on this topic is indispensable. The main aim is to analyze different parameters that affect the mechanical properties. First of all the definition of the experimental set-up and the definition of the, to be tested, parameters are necessary. Furthermore the aim is to find several different parameters that have a positive effect on the mechanical properties. Above all the focus is on experimental set-ups that use mechanical tests, beginning with the test on tensile strength in accordance with DIN 50125. Depending on the results an application area could be chosen and assigned.
CAD Model Created from Polygon Mesh
Authors: Morovič Ladislav , Milde Ján
Published: November 2015

The paper deals with a description of the creation of CAD model (file format .IGES) based on polygon mesh (file format .STL) obtained by 3D scanning. On the basis of the imported polygon mesh into Reverse Engineering software, it is possible to create surface (or solid) CAD model. For CAD model created from a polygon mesh, a model of screw propeller was chosen. The paper also presents a color deviation map acquired by comparison between a polygon mesh and a CAD model. The 3D digitizing was performed by 3D scanner GOM ATOS II SO TripleScan; GOM ATOS Professional v7.5 SR2 software was used for processing of the scanned data and Delcam PowerSHAPE 2015 CAD software was used for reverse modeling.
Finite Element Analysis of Multispeed Noncircular Gears
Authors: Cristescu Ana , Cristescu Bogdan , Andrei Laurenţia
Published: November 2015

A multispeed gear train is designed based on a prescribed gears transmission ratio variation, specific to an industrial application that requires two uniform rotational motions, with different speeds, during the functioning cycle. The transitions between the uniform motions occur at continuously variable speeds, as a consequence of the trigonometric and power functions that are chosen to describe the transmission ratio variation. Based on the predefined kinematics, the multispeed gears pitch curves are modelled, and the teeth generation is completed by combining analytical and computerized graphics methods. The finite element analysis is applied to the gears solid models in order to investigate the influence of the transmission ratio defining parameters on the gear tooth bending state, as criteria in the further optimisation of the multispeed gears design.
SPH Meshless Simulation of Orthogonal Cutting of AA6060-T6
Authors: Dănuț Julean
Published: November 2015

A modern meshless method known as Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) was involved in achieving numerical simulation of chip formatting during the orthogonal cutting of AA6060-T6 alloy with the aim of finding a convenient method for investigating the chip formation and reducing the costs of experimental research by involving numerical simulation in order to get information about the parameters describing the process. Based on a few experimental orthogonal cutting results the procedure to achieve a proper numerical simulation of the chip formation process is presented. The procedure and the results may be applied when simulation data and prognosis data about machining AA6060-T6 data are needed.
Design and Analyses to Determine the Minimum Acting Force of a Gripper for Handling the Parts with Robots
Authors: Vilău Cristian , Bâlc Nicolae , Leordean Dan
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a model of gripper designed for KUKA robot, together with a series of static and dynamic analyses for different loadings of it. Both the 3D design and static and dynamic analyses have been conducted using the design of Creo package with Parametric and Simulate the modules. The Gripper designed has in its composition a mechanism type rack-pinion type and a quadrilateral mechanism, for carrying out a parallel movement of jaw. It was determined the minimum force of actuation of the pinion-rack mechanism of gripper for maintaining the piece caught in gripper jaws, at the maximum speeds of rotation of the robot.
Prototyping Industrial Vision Applications and Implementations on Multimedia Processors
Authors: Arsinte Radu , Lupu Eugen
Published: November 2015

The article presents a development system for industrial vision applications based on multimedia processors. For simulation of the algorithm and prototyping the application we can use either standard Matlab / Simulink environment or specialized environments such as Open eVision. The system components are presented with examples of application prototyping and implementation on standard platform Digital Video Development Platform DVDP6437 from Spectrum Digital, equipped with Texas Instruments TMS320DM6437. In the presented system we did experiments regarding the Rapid Prototyping concept in industrial vision application, starting from Embedded Target Library components from Matlab / Simulink. The experiments revealed that multimedia processors are usable both in video and still image processing and are possible to be considered an option in standard industrial vision applications: positioning, visual inspection. The paper contains also a brief study of the necessary components of a proposed embedded architecture, intended to be realized for evaluation of the technology in industrial environments.
The Influence of Feed per Tooth Variation on Surface Roughness of 7136 Aluminum Alloy in End Milling
Authors: Bonţiu Pop Alina Bianca , Lobonţiu Mircea
Published: November 2015

This paper fits into an experimental researches complex, regarding the surface roughness dependency on the cutting parameters of 7136 aluminum alloy machining. The purpose of this paper is to identify by experiments the influence of feed per tooth variation on surface roughness. A range of feed per tooth was used while the cutting speed and the cutting depth were constrained per minimum and maximum requirements defined for the given cutting tool. The experiments were conducted on Al7136 because it is a new material and I have identified the need for its use in the aircraft industry.
Optimization Maintenance Systems with Consideration of Reliability, Availability and Maintenance Costs
Authors: Stuchlý Vladimír
Published: November 2015

Quality assurance of production and the associated maintenance systems in recent decades changed a lot and are subject to change requirements for reliability - Reliability and Availability of machinery and equipment subject to the optimal maintenance costs. The paper deals with design options and assessment of the maintenance system intended method of reliability-oriented maintenance and maintenance costs. They use the methods of statistical and probabilistic analyzes of data on failure mode of operation, as well as methods priori reliability. The emphasis is on cost-effectiveness evaluation.
Surface Roughness Prediction During Dry Turning of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304
Authors: Popan Ioan Alexandru , Bâlc Nicolae , Popan Alina , Fraţilă Domniţa , Trif Adrian
Published: November 2015

The objective of this paper is to predict and analyze the surface roughness during dry turning of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. In this study a new carbide insert developed by Mitsubishi was used for the cutting of this material. By using the ANOVA method, the influence of the main processing parameters on the surface quality was analyzed. By using a mathematical regression method a mathematical model was developed. It can calculate the surface roughness taking into account the cutting speed, the feed rate and the depth of cutting.
Method for Estimating the Manual Nesting Process Efficiency for Profiling Machines, Based upon Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Breaz Radu Eugen , Bologa Octavian , Racz Sever Gabriel
Published: November 2015

The paper presents a method for estimating the efficiency of the manual nesting process. By using the graphic file generated during the nesting process and using image processing techniques, the method allows the user to calculate the percentage of material used for manufacturing the parts. The method combines a manual approach - the user has to select some specific points on the graphic file with the mouse, with some image processing algorithms form Matlab software package.
Kinematic Process Plastic Cold Orbital Forming
Authors: Grozav Sorin Dumitru , Ceclan Vasile Adrian , Turcu Antoniu , Oprea Ovidiu Vasile
Published: November 2015

In the paper before you, the authors study the kinematics of the orbital deformation process on the base of the trajectory equation of the mobile element of the machine. Also, the authors show that the trajectory is a closed cycle curve with a finite number of lobes. Relations and charts are presented for the calculation of the number of lobes and their width depending on the machine setting. The upper mold half trajectory choice (active tool) to match the best part deformed kinematics requires detailed knowledge of orbital plastic deformation process, something which develops in the present paper.
The impact of an indigenous proverb on women’s mental health: A phenomenological approach
Authors: Phiri Seepaneng S. , Mulaudzi Fhumulani M. , Heyns Tanya
Published: November 2015

Background: Proverbs and idioms represent cultural and societal beliefs and values inherited from the forefathers. An example is lebitla la mosadi ke bogadi. Over many decades African people have used such ancient instructions to counsel women to be resilient in their marriages thus impacting on their mental health.Objective: The purpose of this article was to explore and describe that proverb and its impact on women’s mental health.Method: Hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore and describe the prover band its impact on indigenous women’s mental health. The population included married, divorced, widowed and single women who were attending social clubs or networks in the cities of Tshwane and Johannesburg. Snowball and purposive sampling was used to select 57 participants. Five face-to-face interviews and eight focus groups interviews were conducted. Colaizzi’s data analysis method was used to analyse data.Results: Oppression and stigmatisation of women and their families and harmful effects that may result in death were identified as having an impact on women’s mental health. Some women shared that they were oppressed in many ways. In addition, they feared stigmatisation should they wish to divorce. They constantly lived in fear of being harmed or killed by their spouses.Conclusion: There was a need for nurses to develop awareness regarding cultural issues so that women are better served in primary healthcare settings. Women who are suspected of experiencing abuse, should be screened for abuse so that they can be assisted accordingly.
Conversion between Soil Texture Classification Systems using the Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Cisty Milan , Celar Lubomir , Minaric Peter
Published: November 2015

This study focuses on the reclassification of a soil texture system following a hybrid approach in which the conventional particle-size distribution (PSD) models are coupled with a random forest (RF) algorithm for achieving more generally applicable and precise outputs. The existing parametric PSD models that could be used for this purpose have various limitations; different models frequently show unequal degrees of precision in different soils or under different environments. The authors present in this article a novel ensemble modeling approach in which the existing PSD models are used as ensemble members. An improvement in precision was proved by better statistical indicators for the results obtained, and the article documents that the ensemble model worked better than any of its constituents (different existing parametric PSD models). This study is verified by using a soil dataset from Slovakia, which was originally labeled by a national texture classification system, which was then transformed to the USDA soil classification system. However, the methodology proposed could be used more generally, and the information provided is also applicable when dealing with the soil texture classification systems used in other countries.
Multigroup Equivalence Analysis for High-Dimensional Expression Data
Authors: Yang Celeste , Bartolucci Alfred A. , Cui Xiangqin
Published: November 2015

Hypothesis tests of equivalence are typically known for their application in bioequivalence studies and acceptance sampling. Their application to gene expression data, in particular high-dimensional gene expression data, has only recently been studied. In this paper, we examine how two multigroup equivalence tests, the F-test and the range test, perform when applied to microarray expression data. We adapted these tests to a well-known equivalence criterion, the difference ratio. Our simulation results showed that both tests can achieve moderate power while controlling the type I error at nominal level for typical expression microarray studies with the benefit of easy-to-interpret equivalence limits. For the range of parameters simulated in this paper, the F-test is more powerful than the range test. However, for comparing three groups, their powers are similar. Finally, the two multigroup tests were applied to a prostate cancer microarray dataset to identify genes whose expression follows a prespecified trajectory across five prostate cancer stages.
Supports of Extremal Doubly Stochastic Measures
Authors: Moameni Abbas
Published: November 2015

A doubly stochastic measure on the unit square is a Borel probability measure whose horizontal and vertical marginals both coincide with the Lebesgue measure. The set of doubly stochasticmeasures is convex and compact so its extremal points are of particular interest. The problem number 111 of Birkhoò is to provide a necessary and suõcient condition on the support of a doubly stochastic measure to guarantee extremality. It was proved by Beneš and Štepán that an extremal doubly stochastic measure is concentrated on a set which admits an aperiodic decomposition. Hestir and Williams later found a necessary condition which is nearly sufficient by further refining the aperiodic structure of the support of extremal doubly stochastic measures. Our objective in this work is to provide a more practical necessary and nearly sufficient condition for a set to support an extremal doubly stochastic measure
Efficient Operator Marching Method for Analyzing Crossed Arrays of Cylinders
Authors: Wu Yu Mao , Lu Ya Yan
Published: November 2015

Periodic structures involving crossed arrays of cylinders appear as special three-dimensional photonic crystals and cross-stacked gratings. Such a structure consists of a number of layers where each layer is periodic in one spatial direction and invariant in another direction. They are relatively simple to fabricate and have found valuable applications. For analyzing scattering properties of such structures, general computational electromagnetics methods can certainly be used, but special methods that take advantage of the geometric features are often much more efficient. In this paper, an efficient method based on operators mapping electromagnetic field components between two spatial directions is developed to analyze structures with crossed arrays of circular cylinders. The method is much simpler than an earlier method based on similar ideas, and it does not require evaluating slowly converging lattice sums.
Probabilistic High Order Numerical Schemes for Fully Nonlinear
Parabolic PDEs
Authors: Kong Tao , Zhao Weidong , Zhou Tao
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we are concerned with probabilistic high order numerical schemes
for Cauchy problems of fully nonlinear parabolic PDEs. For such parabolic PDEs,
it is shown by Cheridito, Soner, Touzi and Victoir [4] that the associated exact
solutions admit probabilistic interpretations, i.e., the solution of a fully
nonlinear parabolic PDE solves a corresponding second order forward backward
stochastic differential equation (2FBSDEs). Our numerical schemes rely on
solving those 2FBSDEs, by extending our previous results [W. Zhao, Y. Fu and T.
Zhou, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 36 (2014), pp. A1731-A1751.]. Moreover, in our
numerical schemes, one has the flexibility to choose the associated forward SDE,
and a suitable choice can significantly reduce the computational complexity.
Various numerical examples including the HJB equations are presented to show the
effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed numerical schemes.
Laplacian Preconditioning for the Inverse Arnoldi Method
Authors: Tuckerman Laurette S.
Published: November 2015

Many physical processes are described by elliptic or parabolic partial differential equations. For linear stability problems associated with such equations, the inverse Laplacian provides a very effective preconditioner. In addition, it is also readily available in most scientific calculations in the form of a Poisson solver or an implicit diffusive timestep. We incorporate Laplacian preconditioning into the inverse Arnoldi method, using BiCGSTAB to solve the large linear systems. Two successful implementations are described: spherical Couette flow described by the Navier-Stokes equations and Bose-Einstein condensation described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Temporomandibular disorders in cerebral palsy: literature review
Authors: Fernandes M. , Ervilha U. , Maifrino L. , Bartkevicius A. , Santos M.
Published: November 2015

Introduction: In cerebral palsy the greater neurologically compromised patients have the highest functional involvement of the masticatory system and the highest structural involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). These conditions contribute to the likelihood of the onset of articular and muscular disorders. These disorders affect the orofacial region and can cause pain, audible noise upon articulation, irregular mandibular functions with deviations, known as Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions (TMD). Traditionally, clinical studies have been limited to articular restrictions in detriment to the various neurological and motor clinical aspects. The objective of this research is to examine studies which investigated the prevalence of TMD signs in cerebral palsy, as well as studies about several aspects of the pathology surrounding TMD, including functional, structural, neurological, and clinical aspects. Materials and Methods: We carried out literature review of several studies published between 1976 and 2014. Scielo, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, DARE, Psych Info, ERIC, AMI, Cochrane, and PEDro databases were used to research literature on TMD using the following keywords without restrictions: cerebral palsy, temporomandibular disorders, and rehabilitation. Results: The literature showed that signs of TMD in cerebral palsy may be prevalent in severe clinical forms which can make cervical control more difficult and lead to postural deviations. Conclusion: Craniometric changes in head circunference may limit TMJ and occlusion movements, worsened by hypertonia and asymmetry in the pterygoid and masseter muscles. Children with swallowing and oropharyngeal dificulties are more likely to show signs of TMD.
Real time data acquisition of commercial microwave link networks for hydrometeorological applications
Authors: Chwala C. , Keis F. , Kunstmann H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The usage of data from commercial microwave link (CML) networks for scientific purposes is becoming increasingly popular, in particular for rain rate estimation. However, data acquisition and availability is still a crucial problem and limits research possibilities. To overcome this issue, we have developed an open source data acquisition system based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It is able to record transmitted- and received signal levels of a large number of CMLs simultaneously with a temporal resolution of up to one second. We operate this system at Ericsson Germany, acquiring data from 450 CMLs with minutely real time transfer to our data base. Our data acquisition system is not limited to a particular CML hardware model or manufacturer, though. We demonstrate this by running the same system for CMLs of a different manufacturer, operated by an alpine skiing resort in Germany. There, the data acquisition is running simultaneously for four CMLs with a temporal resolution of one second. We present an overview of our system, describe the details of the necessary SNMP requests and show results from its operational application.
Distribution of Arctic and Pacific copepods and their habitat in the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea
Authors: Sasaki H. , Matsuno K. , Fujiwara A. , Onuka M. , Yamaguchi A. , Ueno H. , Watanuki Y. , Kikuchi T.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The advection of warm Pacific water and the reduction of sea-ice extent in the western Arctic Ocean may influence the abundance and distribution of copepods, i.e., a key component in food webs. To understand the factors affecting abundance of copepods in the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, we constructed habitat models explaining the spatial patterns of the large and small Arctic copepods and the Pacific copepods, separately, using generalized additive models. Copepods were sampled by NORPAC net. Vertical profiles of density, temperature and salinity in the seawater were measured using CTD, and concentration of chlorophyll a in seawater was measured with a fluorometer. The timing of sea-ice retreat was determined using the satellite image. To quantify the structure of water masses, the magnitude of pycnocline and averaged density, temperature and salinity in upper and bottom layers were scored along three axes using principal component analysis (PCA). The structures of water masses indexed by the scores of PCAs were selected as explanatory variables in the best models. Large Arctic copepods were abundant in the water mass with high salinity water in bottom layer or with cold/low salinity water in upper layer and cold/high salinity water in bottom layer, and small Arctic copepods were abundant in the water mass with warm/saline water in upper layer and cold/high salinity water in bottom layers, while Pacific copepods were abundant in the water mass with warm/saline in upper layer and cold/high salinity water in bottom layer. All copepod groups were abundant in areas with deeper depth. Although chlorophyll a in upper and bottom layers were selected as explanatory variables in the best models, apparent trends were not observed. All copepod groups were abundant where the sea-ice retreated at earlier timing. Our study might indicate potential positive effects of the reduction of sea-ice extent on the distribution of all groups of copepods in the Arctic Ocean.
Modeling debris-covered glaciers: extension due to steady debris input
Authors: Anderson L. S. , Anderson R. S.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers are common in rapidly-eroding alpine landscapes. When thicker than a few centimeters, surface debris suppresses melt rates. If continuous debris cover is present, mass balance gradients can be reduced leading to increases in glacier length. In order to quantify feedbacks in the debris-glacier-climate system, we developed a 2-D long-valley numerical glacier model that includes englacial and supraglacial advection. We ran 120 simulations in which a steady state debris-free glacier responds to a step increase of surface debris deposition. Simulated glaciers advance to steady states in which ice accumulation equals ice ablation, and debris input equals debris loss from the glacier. Our model and parameter selections produce two-fold increases in glacier length. Debris flux onto the glacier and the relationship between debris thickness and melt rate strongly control glacier length. Debris deposited near the equilibrium-line altitude, where ice discharge is high, results in the greatest glacier extension when other debris related variables are held constant. Continuous debris cover reduces ice discharge gradients, ice thickness gradients, and velocity gradients relative to initial debris-free glaciers. Debris-forced glacier extension decreases the ratio of accumulation zone to total glacier area (AAR). The model reproduces first-order relationships between debris cover, AARs, and glacier surface velocities from glaciers in High Asia. We provide a quantitative, theoretical foundation to interpret the effect of debris cover on the moraine record, and to assess the effects of climate change on debris-covered glaciers.
The Puzzle of the Scandinavian Welfare State and Social Trust
Authors: Svendsen Gunnar Lind Haase , Svendsen Gert Tinggaard
Published: November 2015

The Scandinavian welfare model is a puzzle to economists: It works economically, even though free-riding should prevail with its explosive cocktail of high taxation and high social benefits. One possible solution to the puzzle could be the unique stock of social trust present in Scandinavia. Here, the four Scandinavian countries (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland) form the top three with scores above 60 percent social trust on a ranking that covers 94 countries from all over the world.
Military Role of Mosques during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and the first two-Rightly- Guided Caliphs
Authors: Atharizadeh Mahmood , Farahaty Abbasali
Published: November 2015

According to historical records and archeological discoveries, worshiping a sacred thing has been a popular ceremony among human beings. Thus, people have built temples to perform their worshiping ceremonies for connecting to and attracting their exalted objects to meet their needs. Islam did not neglect this significant issue; rather, it put great emphasis on building sacred places for fulfilling numerous religious activities. Thus, Muslims according to their Islamic leaders' recommendations have built sacred places named mosques for their ritual ceremonies as well as other essential practices. Therefore, mosques are considered multiple sacred places which have had numerous roles in expanding the last Divine Religion, Islam. The object of this survey was to study the military role of mosques during the holy Prophet's (PBUH) and the first two- Rightly-Guided Caliphs' lifetime.
Comparative Analysis of Students' Satisfaction with Classroom Facilities in Nigerian Private Universities
Authors: O. Oluwunmi Adedamola , D. DURODOLA O. , A. AJAYI C.
Published: November 2015

In order for educational institutions to meet national and international standards, users preferences becomes an essential determinant of user satisfaction with facilities provided in such institutions. This study evaluates students' satisfaction with classroom facilities in three (3) private Universities in Ado-Odo Local Government Council Area, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of five hundred and seventy (570) questionnaires were administered to students, and four hundred and thirty-two (432) representing 76% were returned and analysed. It was found that students were satisfied with electricity supply, ceiling finishes, windows/doors and furniture in their classrooms but, they were not satisfied with the provision and availability of air-conditioning and internet facilities in classrooms. However, when the results were analysed to reflect the findings for each University, they showed different levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The study recommended that the Management of each University should work continuously towards ensuring that this essential facility is given priority in financial decisions and provisions. Essentially, this study would assist University policy-makers to allocate resources more effectively and efficiently since allocation of resources is critical to attaining excellence in a competitive academic environment.
Mark Twain, White Elephants, and Siamese Twins
Authors: Messent Peter
Published: November 2015

The essay discusses how Twain's humor can be read in the context of the liminal. It explores how Twain's moves between absurdity and serious meaning, jarring illogic and rationality, might be read in the context of Freud's notion of humor—its dislocating effects as an unconscious welling up that subverts the customary logic of the world.
On the Theme of Mark Twain's Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc
Authors: Foster David
Published: November 2015

Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc is the most difficult of Twain's novels for readers with modern moral and political sensibilities to appreciate, which is one reason it is his least popular work. The novel is nevertheless worth reading for the themes it treats and the questions it raises. The most important of these concern the relation between religion and the political passion of patriotism, on one hand, and the relation of both of these to the capacity for self-sacrificial devotion, on the other.
Imagining Boundaries
Authors: Cochran Debra
Published: November 2015

From 1869 with The Innocents Abroad, Mark Twain positioned himself as a surrogate for Americans wanting to “see” what the world offered; he remained connected to this genre for almost thirty years with the publication of his last travel book, Following the Equator. Equator also reads as a transitional piece of writing that crosses real and imagined boundaries in the evolution of Twain's identity. Twain's sense of place and space undergoes a transformation in his last world lecture tour; his awareness of shifting global political dynamics leads to a more methodical, anti-imperialist position. Twain's later writings are often categorized as “dark” or “bitter”—useful for summarily dismissing them. But an attempt will be made to situate the text as a transitional work—as both a travel narrative and as a testament to the visual revolution at the end of the nineteenth century.
Poetry, Prosody, Parody
Authors: Sevik Greg
Published: November 2015

My essay, “Poetry, Prosody, Parody: Mark Twain's Rhythmic Thought,” argues that although Mark Twain was primarily a prose writer and thinker, poetry and prosody nevertheless exerted a significant influence on his writing and thinking. I begin by analyzing a few of Twain's poems in order to establish his basic prosodic competence. I then look to Twain's prose writings, in particular Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in order to demonstrate poetry's influence on his exploration of death and the limits of language. Finally, I allude to the ways in which Twain employs the rhythms of language in his humor and in his explorations of race, class, and gender. I conclude that Twain's work exhibits the sort of “word-musicianship” that he finds lacking in the fiction of James Fenimore Cooper and that, furthermore, prosody helps Twain to think through a variety of crucial issues.
Muslim Discourse about Jihad and the Counter-narratives Project
Authors: Kelsay John
Published: November 2015

Relying on Muslim criticisms of jihadist groups, I point to the way a counter-narratives project might draw on aspects of Islamic tradition. In particular, the focus is on what might be called the nexus between piety and participation in armed struggle.
Las creencias de los profesores universitarios sobre evaluación del aprendizaje
Authors: Martínez Reyes Nelson Rubén
Published: November 2015

Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de la investigación realizada acerca de las creencias que sobre evaluación del aprendizaje tienen los profesores de la Universidad Don Bosco. Este es un estudio cualitativo que precisamente buscaba caracterizar las creencias de los profesores y ver cómo estas se vinculan a modelos educativos y evaluativos tradicionales o constructivistas. El estudio parte de la premisa que muchas de las creencias que los profesores tienen sobre enseñanzaaprendizaje- evaluación guían de alguna forma su práctica educativa.Diá-logos 12, 45-66.
Causes for Deforestation in Indonesia: Corruption and Palm Tree Plantation
Authors: Eldeeb Osama , Prochazka Petr , Maitah Mansoor
Published: November 2015

Indonesian biodiversity is threatened by massive deforestation. In this research paper, claims that deforestation in Indonesia is caused by corruption and supported by crude palm oil production is verified using time series analysis. Using Engel Granger cointegration test, three time series of data, specifically corruption perception index, rate of deforestation and price of crude palm oil are inspected for a long-run relationship. Test statistics suggests that there is no long-run relationship among these variables. Authors provide several explanations for this result. For example, corruption in Indonesia, as measured by CPI is still very high. This may mean that forest cover loss is possible even though there is a positive change in corruption level. According to the results, crude palm oil price has also no effect upon forest cover loss. This is likely due to very low shut-down price of crude palm oil for which production is still economical.
Leisure Facilitators and Recreation Specialization for Female Participants in Running Events
Authors: Sa Hye Ji , Lee Chul Won , Kim Min Jeong , Chun Sung Bum , Nam Sang-Back
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between leisure facilitators and recreation specialization for female participants in running events. To achieve the goal of this study, 330 surveys were collected from female participants living in the Seoul area selected through a convenience sampling method. After examining the correlation between leisure facilitators and recreation specialization, the relationship between the two variables was assessed through multiple linear regression analysis.
First, for socio-demographic variables pertaining to females who participated in running events, significant differences were found between frequency of participating in running events, participants’ running duration, running exercise participation time, and frequency of running exercise participation as sub-factors of leisure facilitators. Second, for socio-demographic variables pertaining to females who participated in running events, significant differences were revealed between income, frequency of participating in running events, participants’ running duration, running exercise participation time, and frequency of running exercise participation as sub-factors of recreation specialization. Last, regarding sub-factors of leisure facilitators for females participating in running events, intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, and structural constraints had positive effects on past experience as an economic investment in recreation specialization. Intrapersonal constraints and structural constraints had positive effects on centrality-to-lifestyle for recreation specialization factors.
The Status Quo Survey and Countermeasure Analysis of Chinese Netizens’ Needs for E-Mental Health Services
Authors: Zhao Jian
Published: November 2015

The e-Mental Health Service refers to the work for mental health promotion provided, following the laws of mental health, by professional institutions and professionals to netizens through the Internet. A survey of 1588 netizens shows that netizens have a need for e-Mental Health Services and higher needs for mental health knowledge; they show obvious social orientation in their choices of service providers; demographic variables have remarkable influences on netizens’ specific needs; and netizen groups, there are relatively higher needs in female, college degree holders and above, the youth and brain workers, such as students, teachers, company employees, and staff in public institutions. The results of the survey indicate that netizens’ needs for e-Mental Health Services are complex and diversified, and netizens’ understanding and demand for professional service institutions, professional service providers and electronic service modes still need to be improved.
The Revenge Game: U.S Foreign Policy During Afghan-Soviet War and Afghan-Pakistan Falling Into Hell
Authors: Ali Imran , Dong Xiaochuan
Published: November 2015

The U.S Foreign policy during the Soviets encroachment of Afghanistan at the height of Cold War has been evaluated, as well as its negative effects in Afghanistan-Pakistan (Af-Pak). During 1979, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) landed on Afghanistan in order to secure Warm Water Ports and Persian Gulf Oil. (This was called as the “Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan”). By having this situation, The U.S government established a mission in Afghanistan which consisted on two main purposes. One of them was to stand against the invasion of Afghanistan provoked by U.S.S.R. and the second one was to provide Afghan Mujahedeen Movements with some help and be prepared for the coming situation. So, the provision of the most dangerous weapons and the need of billions of dollars were made to these fundamentalist Afghan mujahedeen. Thus, they could protect themselves and fight against the U.S.S.R invasion. As a matter of fact, the Taliban groups were founded due to U.S policy. Nevertheless, the establishment of them has become the biggest general threat to global peace, particularly for Afghanistan and Pakistan. This research consists of three parts which are going to be developed in the order as follows: The internal milieu of Afghanistan and the intervention by U.S.S.R, The U.S policy interests and the outcomes of these policies, The Afghan and Pakistan consequences which were gotten by these policies. This Research is going to be a new source of knowledge for understanding the U.S foreign policy during this War and their negative effects on Afghanistan and Pakistan such as refugee’s settlement and number of other problems. Although Americans just revenge from Soviets but this game also destroyed the Pakistan. Also as an explanation on the nowadays coming international terrorism and how the Afghan insurgents have become strong enough. 
Collaborative Learning and Skills of Problem-based Learning: A Case of Nigerian Secondary Schools Chemistry Students
Authors: Babayi Abbas , Arshad Mohammad Yusof
Published: November 2015

The role of chemistry in the development of any society cannot be overemphasized. Chemistry students are therefore expected to have improved learning and acquisition of problem solving skills to facilitate the expected development in modern society. Problem-based learning is a student-centered pedagogy which helps students develop problem solving skills and improved knowledge through collaborative and self-directed learning under teacher’s guide. It is supported by Cognitive and Constructive psychologists. However the learning process in Nigeria does not produce students with the required skills and knowledge, because of traditional instructions by teachers, poor learning environment and inadequate learning facilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of teachers and students in development of collaborative learning and skills in Nigerian Secondary Schools. The study used a qualitative approach with explanatory design. Fifteen (15) chemistry students and a teacher were purposefully selected from one Senior Secondary School (16 years) as participants. The participants received 6 weeks of PBL lessons using a topic purification of water. The researchers collected data during the intervention process through observations field notes and interviews after the PBL lessons were conducted. The data were transcribed, triangulated and analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the students have improved learning and acquisition of problem solving skills including communication, teamwork and high-order thinking skills due effective collaborative learning activities among them. It is therefore recommended that collaborative learning approach be introduced in Nigerian Secondary Schools.