bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being in a Position to Know is the Norm of Assertion
Authors: Willard‐Kyle Christopher
Published: January 2020

This paper defends a new norm of assertion: Assert that p only if you are in a position to know that p. We test the norm by judging its performance in explaining three phenomena that appear jointly inexplicable at first: Moorean paradoxes, lottery propositions, and selfless assertions. The norm succeeds by tethering unassertability to unknowability while untethering belief from assertion. The PtK‐norm foregrounds the public nature of assertion as a practice that can be other‐regarding, allowing asserters to act in the best interests of their audience when psychological pressures would otherwise prevent them from communicating the knowable truth.
Memory of environmental conditions across generations affects the acclimation potential of scots pine
Authors: Bose Arun K , Moser Barbara , Rigling Andreas , Lehmann Marco M. , Milcu Alexandru , Peter Martina , Rellstab Christian , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Gessler Arthur
Published: January 2020

Long generation times have been suggested to hamper rapid genetic adaptation of organisms to changing environmental conditions. We examined if environmental memory of the parental Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) drive offspring survival and growth. We used seeds from trees growing under naturally dry conditions (control), irrigated trees (irrigated from 2003 to 2016), and formerly irrigated trees (“irrigation stop”; irrigated from 2003–2013; control condition since 2014). We performed two experiments, one under controlled greenhouse conditions and one at the experimental field site. In the greenhouse, the offspring from control trees exposed regularly to drought were more tolerant to hot–drought conditions than the offspring from irrigated trees and showed lower mortality even though there was no genetic difference. However, under optimal conditions (high water supply and full sunlight), these offspring showed lower growth and were outperformed by the offspring of the irrigated trees. This different offspring growth, with the offspring of the “irrigation‐stop” trees showing intermediate responses, points to the important role of transgenerational memory for the long‐term acclimation of trees. Such memory effects, however, may be overridden by climatic extremes during germination and early growth stages such as the European 2018 mega‐drought that impacted our field experiment.
Heterodera schachtii infection affects nitrogen metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Labudda Mateusz , Różańska Elżbieta , Muszyńska Ewa , Marecka Dorota , Głowienka Maria , Roliński Patryk , Prabucka Beata
Published: January 2020

Nitrogen metabolism is important for physiological processes during normal growth and development, as well as plant defence responses. Second‐stage juveniles of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii penetrate into the root and initiate permanent feeding sites called syncytia, from which they draw all necessary nutrients. To unravel whether the cyst nematode infestation changes nitrogen metabolism, the enzymatic activity and gene expression of nitrate (NIA) and nitrite (NIR) reductases and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), as well as levels of the metabolites nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium ions were estimated both locally in inoculated roots and systemically in shoots of inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana plants at 3, 7, and 15 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Moreover, gene expression of long hypocotyle 5 (HY5), a basic‐region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, was also determined, to learn more about the potential transcriptional regulation of the analysed enzymes. It was shown that the activity of nitrogen‐related enzymes and the content of metabolites fluctuated during the whole period of infection. These results were accompanied by organ‐specific and dpi‐dependent gene expression patterns. The high gene expression level of HY5 in infected roots at 7 and 15 dpi coexisted with enhanced expression of NIA1 and NIR1 at 7 dpi and NIA2 at 15 dpi. Enhanced HY5 expression level in shoots of infected plants at 15 dpi was followed by up‐regulation of NIA1 expression, suggesting that HY5 may regulate the gene expression of NIA and NIR during nematode infection. Our results indicate that changes in plant nitrogen metabolism occur during cyst nematode infection.
Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti‐allergy in pre‐school‐aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chimponda Theresa N. , Mduluza Takafira
Published: January 2020

Background

Allergies and autoimmune disorders are less prevalent in areas where parasitic infections are abundant. The relationship between schistosomiasis, Chitinase 3‐Like 1 protein (YKL‐40), an inflammatory marker, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), an allergy marker, was investigated in pre‐school‐aged children (1–5 years old) living in an area endemic to Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study including 145 participants, 66 females and 79 males. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. Levels of YKL‐40 and antinuclear antibodies concentrations were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 21.4 % (n = 31) with 114 not infected, 18 with light and 13 with moderate infections. YKL‐40 levels were higher in the S. haematobium‐infected group than in the uninfected group (P = 0.038). However, S. haematobium infection intensity did not correlate with YKL‐40 levels. ANA levels were significantly higher in uninfected children than in infected children (P = 0.028). There was a significant inverse relationship between ANA levels and schistosome infection intensity (r = −0.225, P = 0.016). The correlation between ANA levels and YKL‐40 levels was not significant.

Conclusion

Inflammatory marker in pre‐school‐aged children living in an area endemic for schistosomiasis indicate YKL‐40 as a possible biomarker of S. haematobium infection in pre‐school‐aged children, warranting further investigations in a longitudinal study.  The study gives an insight into allergy as ANA levels were higher in schistosome‐uninfected than infected participants, further studies on allergies are needed.
Management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescents
Authors: Potdar Neelam , Pillai Rekha N , Oppenheimer Christina A
Published: January 2020

Key content

Most ovarian cysts in children and adolescents are benign.

Incidence of large ovarian cysts usually peaks in the first year of life and around menarche; approximately 30% of girls will present with pain.

Gynaecologists, paediatric surgeons and general surgeons may manage ovarian cysts.

There is a lack of standardised protocols and guidance, so most patients are managed on the basis of an individual clinician’s judgement, preference and experience.

Whenever possible, the operation of choice for benign cysts is laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with ovarian preservation.

This review provides an evidence‐based tool for the management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescent girls.

Learning objectives

To identify ovarian pathology using appropriate imaging in emergency and elective situations.

To know that, when possible, a multidisciplinary approach between gynaecologists, radiologists and paediatric surgeons is optimal.

To be vigilant for malignant tumours and perform ovarian‐sparing surgery for suspected benign conditions.

Ethical issues

There are long‐term reproductive consequences of inadvertently removing one or both ovaries.

Unnecessary surgery has an effect on patients’ physical and mental wellbeing.
Modeling Human Syllogistic Reasoning: The Role of “No Valid Conclusion”
Authors: Riesterer Nicolas , Brand Daniel , Dames Hannah , Ragni Marco
Published: January 2020

Syllogistic reasoning, that is the drawing of inferences for categorical‐quantified assertions, is one of the oldest branches of deductive reasoning research with a history exceeding 100 years. In syllogistic reasoning experiments, “No Valid Conclusion” (NVC) is one of the most frequently selected responses and corresponds to the logically correct conclusion for 58% of the syllogistic problem domain. To date, NVC is often neglected in computational models or just treated as a by‐product of the underlying inferential mechanisms such as a last resort when the search for alternatives is exhausted. We illustrate that NVC represents a major shortcoming of current models for human syllogistic reasoning. By introducing heuristic rules for predicting NVC, we demonstrate that simple extensions of the existing models result in substantial improvements in their predictive performances. Our results emphasize the need for better NVC handling in cognitive modeling of human reasoning and provide directions for modelers on how to enhance their approaches.
A long non‐coding apple RNA, MSTRG.85814.11, acts as a transcriptional enhancer of SAUR32 and contributes to the Fe‐deficiency response
Authors: Sun Yaqiang , Hao Pengbo , Lv Xinmin , Tian Ji , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wu Ting
Published: January 2020

Iron (Fe) is an essential plant nutrient and its deficiency typically limits plant growth. Long non‐coding (lnc) RNAs are involved in adaptive responses to nutrient stress; however, it is not known whether they function in the regulation of the canonical Fe‐deficiency response. The expression of Malus domestica (apple) lncRNA MSTRG.85814 is induced by Fe deficiency, as identified by high‐throughput strand‐specific RNA‐seq analysis of an apple homograft system. MSTRG.85814 has a complex structure, with 13 predicted RNA sequence variants, four of which are upregulated in the roots of plants experiencing Fe deficiency. We found that one MSTRG.85814 splice variant (MSTRG.85814.11) positively modulated its cis target mRNA derived from the small auxin upregulated gene SAUR32. This in turn promoted the expression of SAUR32 and caused an increase in the expression of a plasma membrane proton ATPase, AHA10. Using a pH imaging technique, a significant decrease in the apoplastic pH was observed to occur in the root tips of MSTRG.85814.11 or SAUR32‐overexpressing apple plants. Thus MSTRG.85814.11 was shown to positively promote SAUR32 expression, which then activated proton extrusion involved in the Fe‐deficiency response. These results reveal a mechanism by which lncRNA promotes environmental Fe‐deficiency stress adaption.
Quality‐cum‐price sorting
Authors: Jäkel Ina C. , Sørensen Allan
Published: January 2020

This paper provides new evidence on how export status relates to prices and product quality. Using firm‐product‐level data on production, exports and imports for a sample of Danish manufacturing firms, we present three key correlations. First, exported varieties are on average sold at lower prices relative to only domestically sold varieties. Second, exported varieties have higher quality measured by ‘demand residuals’ (i.e., they have larger sales conditional on price). Finally, exported varieties are produced using cheaper imported intermediates. We introduce the term ‘quality‐cum‐price sorting’ to describe this sorting environment. The observed sorting behaviour in terms of output quality and import prices works not just across firms, but also within multi‐product firms across the product portfolio. In contrast, the negative exporter premium in terms of output prices vanishes once firm‐level unobservables are accounted for—consistent with the idea that unobserved firm efficiency is driving the negative correlation.
Emergencia social en salud, lo que la polémica no ha permitido ver
Authors: Jaramillo García Luis Fernando
Published: January 2020

En medio del intenso debate mediático que ha desencadenado la expedición de los decretos de Emergencia Social, en especial por lo dispuesto en los Decretos ley 128 y 131 de 2010, desde la óptica del Hospital Universitario preocupa que la discusión se centre en esos dos textos y no se haga seguimiento a aspectos críticos y favorables para el sistema de salud y los pacientes, que ocurren simultáneamente y no son de menor importancia que las normas mencionadas, cuya aguda discusión es plenamente justificada.
Análisis de marcadores STR sobre el cromosoma X en una población de Bogotá
Authors: Fuentes Luz Myriam , Sánchez Daissy Lorena , Gómez Yenny Milena , Restrepo Carlos Martín , Gutiérrez Andrés , Fonseca Dora Janeth
Published: January 2020

El análisis de marcadores del cromosoma X ha sido ampliamente usado en el área de la genética clínica, particularmente, para el análisis molecular de enfermedades ligadas al X. Recientemente, se han reconocido muchas repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeats, STR) sobre este cromosoma, por su importancia en análisis forense y de paternidad. Los marcadores gonosómicos son especialmente eficientes para resolver casos difíciles, ya que las probabilidades de exclusión media son mayores que con los marcadores STR autosómicos.
Actualización sobre la enfermedad de Peyronie
Authors: Silva José Miguel , Rodríguez Santiago , Sáenz María Paula
Published: January 2020

La enfermedad de Peyronie es un trastorno de la túnica albugínea del pene caracterizada por la formación de placas fibrosas que conlleva a curvaturas patológicas del mismo.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar los nuevos conceptos y los avances en los tratamientos, tanto quirúrgicos como no quirúrgicos, los orales o intralesionales, para manejar adecuadamente al paciente o para seguir un tratamiento que conlleve la mejoría de la sintomatología y de la calidad de vida de los hombres que padecen esta enfermedad.La enfermedad de Peyronie es un trastorno que no es tan infrecuente en la población masculina, que se acompaña de disfunción eréctil, una de las alteraciones que genera más consultas urológicas.
William Bateson
Authors: Fernández Nicolás
Published: January 2020

Imagen de la medicina
Bajo polimorfismo en el sistema de antígenos de leucocitos humanos en población mestiza colombiana
Authors: Ávila-Portillo Luz Mabel , Carmona Alejandra , Franco Leidy , Briceño Ignacio , Casas María Consuelo , Gómez Alverto
Published: January 2020

Objetivo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la frecuencia de alelos y de haplotipos de antígenos HLA de clases I y II en población mestiza colombiana.Metodología. Se estudiaron 197 individuos colombianos no emparentados y 157 individuos emparentados que conformaban 53 familias, provenientes de diferentes regiones del país, remitidos para estudios de HLA de clases I y II por el método PCR-SSP a los laboratorios de inmunología del Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá y al Instituto de Referencia Andino.Resultados. El haplotipo HLA-A*24 B*35 DR*04 fue el más frecuente en la población estudiada, lo cual concuerda con otros estudios de mestizos colombianos.Conclusiones. El desequilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg hallado en la población analizada en el presente estudio, debe alertar sobre una eventual reducción en el repertorio de respuesta inmunitaria en los colombianos, lo cual podría ser el origen de una consecuente fragilidad de la población frente a nuevas infecciones que podrían convertirse en epidemias.
Síndrome de Coffin-Lowry
Authors: Martínez Nancy , Orlando Ricardo , Muñoz Kelly José
Published: January 2020

El síndrome de Coffin-Lowry es una enfermedad genética ligada al cromosoma X, caracterizada por múltiples deformidades esqueléticas, talla baja, retraso en el desarrollo neurológico, además de alteraciones renales, auditivas y otras. Si no se detecta y trata en forma temprana, lleva al paciente a pérdida de la audición neurosensorial y deformidad progresiva de la columna vertebral.Se presenta el caso de un niño de 10 años con los hallazgos clínicos característicos del síndrome de Coffin-Lowry: hipotonía, retardo del crecimiento y del desarrollo psicomotor, y deformidades esqueléticas progresivas. Se resalta la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, controlando la pérdida de la audición neurosensorial y la deformidad progresiva de la columna vertebral (escoliosis o cifosis).
Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central de la fosa posterior en un paciente joven
Authors: Roldán Tatiana , Zorro Óscar , Villalobos Luis María , Rodríguez Lina María
Published: January 2020

El linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central es una neoplasia rara que se encuentra con relativa frecuencia en pacientes con inmunosupresión.Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 38 años sin antecedentes relevantes, a quien se le resecó un tumor del ángulo ponto-cerebeloso izquierdo, cuya anatomopatología reportó un linfoma B de célula grande muy maligno. Se hicieron estudios en busca de inmunosupresión, los que fueron negativos. La paciente no se encontraba en el rango de edad de presentación de este tipo de tumor y sólo estudios moleculares genéticos podrían dar alguna explicación a este caso.
Medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos en un hospital de cuarto nivel en Bogotá
Authors: Holguín Esperanza , Orozco José Gilberto
Published: January 2020

Introducción. La prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos es un problema reconocido, al cual los ancianos son una población vulnerable.Objetivo. Describir la medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos atendidos en consulta ambulatoria en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá en 2007.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal. Como criterios de medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos se utilizaron los propuestos por Beers, actualizados en 2002. La información se obtuvo de la última consulta registrada en la historia clínica en 2007, de una muestra de 420 ancianos que asistieron a consulta ambulatoria en un hospital de cuarto nivel.Resultados.El promedio de medicamentos prescritos fue de 3,2. El 61,95% de los pacientes recibía múltiples medicamentos. Los grupos de medicamentos más frecuentemente prescritos fueron aquellos con acción sobre el aparato cardiovascular (34,7%), el aparato digestivo y el metabolismo (18,1%), y el sistema nervioso (14,6%). Según los criterios de Beers, 20,7% de los pacientes recibió medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos. Se encontró asociación de dicha medicación con la administración de múltiples medicamentos. Hubo mayor frecuencia de medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos con diagnósticos de enfermedades del aparato circulatorio y con la prescripción de fármacos que actúan sobre el sistema nervioso. A 15% de los pacientes se les prescribió medicamentos que pueden generar problemas no clasificados como medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos por Beers.Conclusiones. La medicación potencialmente inapropiada en ancianos es un problema frecuente. Es necesario adecuar y complementar los criterios de Beers a diferentes contextos.
A Predictive Analytics Tool to Provide Visibility Into Completion of Work Orders in Supply Chain Systems
Authors: Liu Jundi , Hwang Steven , Yund Walter , Neidig Joel D. , Hartford Scott M. , Ng Boyle Linda , Banerjee Ashis G.
Published: January 2020

In current supply chain operations, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) procure parts from hundreds of globally distributed suppliers, which are often small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). The SMEs also obtain parts from many other dispersed suppliers, some of whom act as sole sources of critical parts, leading to the creation of complex supply chain networks. These characteristics necessitate having a high degree of visibility into the flow of parts through the networks to facilitate decision making for OEMs and SMEs, alike. However, such visibility is typically restricted in real-world operations due to limited information exchange among the buyers and suppliers. Therefore, we need an alternate mechanism to acquire this kind of visibility, particularly for critical prediction problems, such as purchase orders deliveries and sales orders fulfillments, together referred as work orders completion times. In this paper, we present one such surrogate mechanism in the form of supervised learning, where ensembles of decision trees are trained on historical transactional data. Furthermore, since many of the predictors are categorical variables, we apply a dimension reduction method to identify the most influential category levels. Results on real-world supply chain data show effective performance with substantially lower prediction errors than the original completion time estimates. In addition, we develop a web-based visibility tool to facilitate the real-time use of the prediction models. We also conduct a structured usability test to customize the tool interface. The testing results provide multiple helpful suggestions on enhancing the ease-of-use of the tool.
Sentence perception in noise by hearing-aid users predicted by syllable-constituent perception and the use of context
Authors: Miller James D. , Watson Charles S. , Leek Marjorie R. , Wark David J. , Souza Pamela E. , Gordon-Salant Sandra , Ahlstrom Jayne B. , Dubno Judy R.
Published: January 2020

Masked sentence perception by hearing-aid users is strongly correlated with three variables: (1) the ability to hear phonetic details as estimated by the identification of syllable constituents in quiet or in noise; (2) the ability to use situational context that is extrinsic to the speech signal; and (3) the ability to use inherent context provided by the speech signal itself. This approach is called “the syllable-constituent, contextual theory of speech perception” and is supported by the performance of 57 hearing-aid users in the identification of 109 syllable constituents presented in a background of 12-talker babble and the identification of words in naturally spoken sentences presented in the same babble. A simple mathematical model, inspired in large part by Boothroyd and Nittrouer [(1988). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 101–114] and Fletcher [Allen (1996) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1825–1834], predicts sentence perception from listeners' abilities to recognize isolated syllable constituents and to benefit from context. When the identification accuracy of syllable constituents is greater than about 55%, individual differences in context utilization play a minor role in determining the sentence scores. As syllable-constituent scores fall below 55%, individual differences in context utilization play an increasingly greater role in determining sentence scores. Implications for hearing-aid design goals and fitting procedures are discussed.
Promiscuous Enzymes Cause Biosynthesis of Diverse Siderophores in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Wang Sijing , Liang Huihui , Liu Lulu , Jiang Xinhang , Wu Shihua , Gao Haichun
Published: January 2020

The simultaneous production of multiple siderophores is considered a general strategy for microorganisms to rapidly adapt to their ever-changing environments. In this study, we show that some
Shewanella
spp. may downscale their capability for siderophore synthesis to facilitate adaptation. Although
S. oneidensis
lacks an enzyme specifically synthesizing cadaverine, it can produce it by using promiscuous ornithine decarboxylases. Despite this ability, this bacterium predominately produces the primary siderophore while restraining the production of secondary siderophores by regulating substrate availability. In addition to using the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) pathway for putrescine synthesis, cells optimize the putrescine pool for siderophore production. Our work provides an insight into the coordinated synthesis of multiple siderophores by harnessing promiscuous enzymes in bacteria and underscores the importance of substrate pools for the biosynthesis of natural products.
Aspergillus fumigatus Mitochondrial Acetyl Coenzyme A Acetyltransferase as an Antifungal Target
Authors: Zhang Yuanwei , Wei Wenfan , Fan Jialu , Jin Cheng , Lu Ling , Fang Wenxia
Published: January 2020

A growing number of people worldwide are suffering from invasive aspergillosis caused by the human opportunistic fungal pathogen
A. fumigatus
. Current therapeutic options rely on a limited repertoire of antifungals. Ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane as well as a target of current antifungals. Approximately 20 enzymes are involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, of which acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) is the first enzyme. Two ACATs in
A. fumigatus
are
Af
Erg10A and
Af
Erg10B. However, the biological function of
Af
Erg10A is yet to be investigated. In this study, we showed that
Af
Erg10A is localized in the mitochondria and is essential for
A. fumigatus
survival and morphological development. In combination with structural studies, we validated
Af
Erg10A as a potential drug target that will facilitate the development of novel antifungals and improve the efficiency of existing drugs.
Correlation between Bioassay and Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification for Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Decontamination Studies
Authors: Bélondrade Maxime , Jas-Duval Christelle , Nicot Simon , Bruyère-Ostells Lilian , Mayran Charly , Herzog Laetitia , Reine Fabienne , Torres Juan Maria , Fournier-Wirth Chantal , Béringue Vincent , Lehmann Sylvain , Bougard Daisy
Published: January 2020

Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases are neurodegenerative disorders for which transmission linked to medical procedures have been reported in hundreds of patients. As prion diseases, they are characterized by an unusual resistance to conventional decontamination processes. Moreover, their large tissue distribution and the ability of prions to attach to many surfaces raised the risk of transmission in health care facilities. It is therefore of major importance that decontamination procedures applied to medical devices before their reprocessing are thoroughly validated for prion inactivation. We previously described an
in vitro
assay, which allowed us to classify accurately prion decontamination treatments according to their efficacy on variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The significance of this study is in demonstrating the concordance between previous
in vitro
results and infectivity studies in transgenic mice. Furthermore, commercial reagents currently used in hospitals were tested by both protocols, and we observed that most of them were ineffective on human prions.
Discovery of Bat Coronaviruses through Surveillance and Probe Capture-Based Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Li Bei , Si Hao-Rui , Zhu Yan , Yang Xing-Lou , Anderson Danielle E. , Shi Zheng-Li , Wang Lin-Fa , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2020

Active surveillance is both urgent and essential to predict and mitigate the emergence of bat-origin CoV in humans and livestock. However, great genetic diversity increases the chance of homologous recombination among CoVs. Performing targeted PCR, a common practice for many surveillance studies, would not reflect this diversity. NGS, on the other hand, is an expensive methodology and is prone to missing low-abundance CoV sequences. Here, we employ a capture-based NGS approach using baits targeting all CoVs. Our work demonstrates that targeted, cost-effective, large-scale, genome-level surveillance of bat CoVs is now highly feasible.
Multimorbidity patterns in chronic older patients, potentially inappropriate prescribing and adverse drug reactions: protocol of the multicentre prospective cohort study MoPIM
Authors: Baré Marisa , Herranz Susana , Jordana Rosa , Gorgas Maria Queralt , Ortonobes Sara , Sevilla Daniel , De Jaime Elisabet , Ibarra Olatz , Martín Candelaria
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Multimorbidity is a major challenge for current healthcare systems and professionals. From the different approaches that have been proposed to analyse this issue, the hypothesis of the existence of association patterns of different chronic conditions is gaining visibility. In addition, multimorbidity can be associated to polypharmacy, which can lead to a higher risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and consequently to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The general objective of this novel study is to identify the association between PIP, multimorbidity patterns, polypharmacy and the presence of ADRs in older patients admitted for exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Methods and analysis

The MoPIM (morbidity, potentially inappropriate medication) study is a multicentre prospective cohort study of an estimated sample of 800 older (≥65 years) patients admitted to five general hospitals in Spain due to an exacerbation of a chronic disease. Patients referred to home hospitalisation, admitted due to an acute process or with a fatal outcome expected at the time of admission are excluded. Sociodemographic data, chronic morbidities and geriatric syndromes, number of chronic prescribed medications, PIP at admission to hospital and on discharge, according to the newest screening tool of older screening tool of older person's potentially inappropriate prescriptions/screening tool to alert doctors to right treatment criteria, and ADRs during hospitalisation are being collected. Multimorbidity patterns will be identified using cluster analyses techniques, and the frequency of polypharmacy, PIP and ADRs will be calculated. Finally, the possible relationship between those indicators will be identified through bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

The project has been approved by the clinical research ethics committees of each centre: Comité Ético de investigación Clínica del Parc Taulí, Comitè Ètic d'Investigació Clínica Osona per a la Recerca i Educació Sanitàries (FORES), Comité de Ètica de la Investigación con Medicamentos (CEIm)-Parc de Salut MAR, Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica de Euskadi, Comité de Ética de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de Canarias. The results will be actively and mainly disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and communications in scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT02830425.
Common integrating factor in softwood log exports from the United States
Authors: Sun Changyou , Daniels Jean M. , Marcille Kate C.
Published: January 2020

Softwood logs comprise a large portion of forest product exports from the United States. Most of these exports have occurred between the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and several Asian countries. In this study, the extent and degree of market integration of softwood log exports from 1996 to 2018 are examined by co-integration analyses and permanent–transitory decomposition. Softwood log exports to Japan and South Korea appear to be in the same economic market and show a high degree of integration, while trade between the United States and China has evolved more independently. A detailed analysis is conducted on five prices related to Japan and South Korea with full-time coverage, and one common integrating factor is found and estimated. The price of export from the Columbia-Snake Customs District to Japan is identified as the driving force. Price responses to market shocks usually occur within four months. These findings have implications for government agencies and participants in the market of softwood log trade.
Modeling Reverse Logistics Barriers in Manufacturing Industry of Pakistan: An ISM and MICMAC Approach
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Qianli Dong , Ahmad Naveed , Zhu Yuming , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Due to industrialization, increasing solid waste is affecting environmental integrity globally. Reverse logistics (RL) has become a significant tool to deal with environmental degradation issues, and it is being implemented in developed countries. However, RL is at the infancy stage in developing countries especially in Pakistan due to different obstacles. This study aims to identify and analyzes the interrelationship between barriers affecting RL implementation in Pakistani manufacturing industry using an integrated methodology of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC approach. Results of ISM and MICMAC identified organizational, financial, and technological barriers as dependent barriers. However, lack of government policy incentives, lack of responsiveness about RL, lack of enforceable laws on product return, changing in regulations due to political changes, lack of environmental law awareness and lack of corporate social responsibility emerged out as top-ranked barriers driving other barriers that need to be addressed. An inter-relationship based structural model will be helpful for supply chain and RL professional in understanding major obstacles to RL implementation and develop a strategy to promote RL in the manufacturing industry.
Investigation of Enhanced Volumetric Solar Steam Generation by a Lower Concentration of ZrC Nanofluid
Authors: Wang Kongxiang , Xing Jiaojiao , Kan Ankang , Xie Huaqing , Yu Wei
Published: January 2020

Solar steam generation is an efficient photo thermal conversion method, which has a wide range of applications in water purification and desalination. With an increasing requirement for technological advancements, the low efficiency of the working media has become a hindrance. In this work, ZrC nanofluid, which has good stability and broad-band absorption capability, was prepared to enhance the volumetric solar steam generation. The effect of ZrC nanoparticle concentration, within a large volume, on a solar steam generation was experimentally studied. It has been found that due to the unique optical absorption characteristics of ZrC nanoparticles, an advantageous temperature gradient with hot irradiation surface layer is attained and the irradiation energy is mostly absorbed by the top surface layer to generate steam. This reduces heat dissipation and improves the evaporation efficiency of the working media. Enhanced solar steam generation by using ZrC nanofluid in the base fluid reduces evaporation costs and expands its applicability in commercial production.
Power Transition Theory Revisited: When Rising China Meets Dissatisfied United States
Authors: Yilmaz Serafettin , Xiangyu Wang
Published: January 2020

Dissatisfaction is a major concept in power transition theory, which postulates that a rapidly rising power tends to be dissatisfied with the international system and would thus attempt to reform or replace it, whereas the hegemonic power would, by default, be satisfied with and work to maintain the status quo. This paper, however, offers an alternative outlook on the reigning-rising power dynamics by examining the conditions for and implications of hegemonic dissatisfaction and rising power satisfaction. It argues that although China, as a potential systemic challenger harboring grievances against the existing global regimes, has been a recurrent subject for studies, it is the United States, the established hegemon, that appears increasingly dissatisfied with the status quo. The U.S. dissatisfaction is informed by a set of internal and external factors often justified with a reference to China as a challenger, and is manifested in a number of anti-system strategies, including unconventional diplomatic rhetoric, as well as withdrawal from various international institutions or attempts to undermine them. The U.S. discontent, as contrasted with China’s satisfaction as a rising power, has a number of potential geopolitical and economic implications at the bilateral, regional, and global levels, endangering the viability and sustainability of the universally accepted political and economic regimes.
Three-dimensional tomographic study of dermal armour from the tail of the Triassic aetosaur
Stagonolepis robertsoni
Authors: Keeble Emily , Benton Michael J.
Published: January 2020

The aetosaur
Stagonolepis robertsoni
was the first reptile to be named from the Late Triassic Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation of Morayshire. Its characteristic rectangular armour plates have been reported in isolation and in association with skeletal remains. Here we present for the first time a three-dimensional reconstruction of the armour plates around the tail in association with caudal vertebrae and a chevron, to give direct evidence of the body outline. The caudal vertebral column was surrounded by eight bony osteoderms, paired paramedian dorsal and ventral plates, and a pair of lateral osteoderms on right and left. The tail shape was subcircular, broader than high. The osteoderms overlap like roofing tiles, the posterior margin of each overlapping the osteoderm following behind. The success of these scans suggests that computed tomography scanning could reveal excellent detail of all the Elgin reptiles in the future.

Supplementary material
: Three-dimensional models of the two fossil specimens are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4824183
Informational bounds on equilibria (a survey)
Authors: Babichenko Yakov
Published: January 2020

Query complexity and communication complexity of equilibria have been actively studied in the past decade. Recent progress in these fields of informational complexity has led to a quite good understanding of equilibria. This survey summarizes the established results for the three most common solution concepts: Nash equilibria, correlated equilibria, and coarse correlated equilibria. The survey provides a high-level idea of the techniques that are utilized to deduce recently developed lower bounds on Nash equilibria.
Review—Deep Learning Methods for Sensor Based Predictive Maintenance and Future Perspectives for Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Namuduri Srikanth , Narayanan Barath Narayanan , Davuluru Venkata Salini Priyamvada , Burton Lamar , Bhansali Shekhar
Published: January 2020

The downtime of industrial machines, engines, or heavy equipment can lead to a direct loss of revenue. Accurate prediction of such failures using sensor data can prevent or reduce the downtime. With the availability of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, it is possible to acquire the sensor data in real-time. Machine Learning and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms can then be used to predict the part and equipment failures, given enough historical data. DL algorithms have shown significant advances in problems where progress has eluded the practitioners and researchers for several decades. This paper reviews the DL algorithms used for predictive maintenance and presents a case study of engine failure prediction. We also discuss the current use of sensors in the industry and future opportunities for electrochemical sensors in predictive maintenance.
Combined Heat and Mass Transfer of Fluid Flowing through Horizontal Channel by Turbulent Forced Convection
Authors: Salhi Jamal Eddine , Amghar Kamal , Bouali Hicham , Salhi Najim
Published: January 2020

In the present paper, we report a numerical study of dynamic and thermal behavior of the incompressible turbulent air flow by forced convection in a two-dimensional horizontal channel. This one contains the complicated form of the deflector which has been studied by varying the inclination angle from φ = 40°, φ = 55° to φ = 65°. The baffles are mounted on lower and upper walls of the channel. The walls are maintained at a constant temperature (375 K), the inlet velocity of air is Uint = 7.8 m/s, and the Reynolds number Re = 8.73 × 104. A specifically developed numerical model was based on the finite-volume method to solve the coupled governing equations and the SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation) algorithm for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. For Pr = 0.71, the results obtained show that (i) the streamlines and isotherms are strongly affected by the inclinations angles at Re = 8.73 × 104, (ii) the friction coefficient near the baffles increases under the angle exchange effect, and (iii) for a constant Re, the local Nusselt number at the walls of the channel varies with increasing the inclination angle of the deflector. Furthermore, the deflectors are generally used to change the direction of the structure of flow and also to increase the turbulence levels. We can conclude that the contribution of inclined baffles improves the increase of heat and mass transfer in which the Nusselt number at a certain angle increases noticeably.
Height of Rectal Cancer: A Comparison between Rectoscopic and Different MRI Measurements
Authors: Attenberger U. I. , Winter J. , Harder F. N. , Burkholder I. , Dinter D. , Kaltschmidt S. , Kienle P. , Schoenberg S. O. , Hofheinz R.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. To compare rigid rectoscopy with three different MRI measurement techniques for rectal cancer height determination, all starting at the anal verge, in order to evaluate whether MRI measurements starting from the anal verge could be an alternative to rigid rectoscopy. Moreover, potential cut-off values for MRI in categorizing tumor height measurements were evaluated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 106 patients (75 men, 31 female, mean age 64±11.59 years) with primary rectal cancer underwent rigid rectoscopy as well as MR imaging. Three different measurements (MRI1–3) in T2w sagittal scans were used to evaluate the exact distance from the anal verge (AV) to the distal ending of the tumor (MRI1: two unbowed lines, AV to the upper ending of the anal canal and upper ending of the anal canal to the lower border of the tumor; MRI2: one straight line from the AV to the lower boarder of the tumor; MRI3: a curved line beginning at the AV and following the course of the rectum wall ending at the lower border of the tumor). Furthermore, agreement between the gold standard rigid rectoscopy (UICC classification: low part, 0-6 cm; mid part, 6-12 cm; and high part, >12 cm) and each MRI measuring technique was analyzed. Results. Only a fair correlation in terms of individual measures between rectoscopy and all 3 MRI measurement techniques was shown. The proposed new cut-off values utilizing ROC analysis for the three different MRI beginning at the anal verge were low 0-7.7 cm, mid 7.7-13.3 cm, and high>13.3 cm (MRI1); low 0-7.4 cm, mid 7.4-11.2 cm, and high>11.2 cm (MRI2); and low 0-7.1 cm, mid 7.1-13.7 cm, and high>13.7 cm (MRI3). For MRI1 and MRI3, the agreement to the gold standard was substantial (r=0.66, r=0.67, respectively). Conclusion. This study illustrates that MRI1 and MRI3 measures can be interchangeably used as a valid method to determine tumor height compared to the gold standard rigid rectoscopy.
An Unusual Cause of Hypoxia: Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonary Artery Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals Diagnosed in the Adult Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Authors: Bravo-Jaimes Katia , Walton Brian , Tung Poyee , Smalling Richard W.
Published: January 2020

The association of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCA) is an extreme form of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It carries a high mortality risk if not intervened on during infancy with only 20% of unoperated patients surviving into adulthood. We present the case of a 40-year-old man who presented for evaluation prior to retinal surgery and was found to have hypoxia and a loud murmur. Cardiac catheterization was performed in the general catheterization laboratory, demonstrating a membranous VSD, pulmonary atresia, and MAPCA. We highlight the challenges and limitations that an adult interventional cardiologist may have when encountering these patients.
Isolated Posterior Medial Ankle Dislocation with Associated Os Trigonum Dislocation after Low-Energy Mechanism
Authors: Irving Devan , Geers Brent , Lawrence Bruce
Published: January 2020

We describe a case of an isolated posteromedial ankle dislocation, without malleolar fracture, with associated dislocation of an os trigonal process after a low-energy tennis injury. We demonstrate that nonoperative treatment results in excellent functional outcome scores with minimal arthritic progression at 2 years of follow-up. We discuss pathoanatomic risk factors of pure dislocations and propose that an os trigonum is a risk factor for isolated dislocations of the ankle.
Epileptic Seizure from Ginkgo Nut Intoxication in an Adult
Authors: Kosaki Yoshinori , Naito Hiromichi , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: January 2020

The ginkgo tree is a well-known, highly adaptable urban plant. Ginkgo nuts are the product of the ginkgo tree. Interior ginkgo nuts are cooked and served in Asian countries; however, the potential toxicity of the gingko nuts is not commonly known. Herein, we report a 48-year-old male patient experiencing acute convulsions presumably due to overconsumption of gingko nuts. The patient was transferred to our department after several episodes of acute generalized tonicclonic seizures lasting approximately 30 seconds each and starting one hour before the visit. The patient also complained of vomiting, vertigo, diarrhea, and tremors in both upper limbs following the seizures. Elevated 4-O-methylpyridoxine (312 ng/mL), low blood pyridoxal phosphate (2.4 μg/L), and low vitamin B1 (20 ng/mL) levels were found in the blood analysis. No other remarkable abnormalities were detected. We diagnosed the patient with ginkgo nut intoxication, and he was orally administered 400 mg of pyridoxal phosphate. His symptoms resolved after treatment, and no seizures recurred thereafter. Our report may help raise awareness of the clinical presentation and management of this intoxication among emergency physicians.
Nuclear Effects and CP Sensitivity at DUNE
Authors: Nagu Srishti , Singh Jaydip , Singh Jyotsna , Singh R. B.
Published: January 2020

The precise measurement of neutrino-oscillation parameters is one of the highest priorities in neutrino-oscillation physics. To achieve the desired precision, it is necessary to reduce the systematic uncertainties related to neutrino energy reconstruction. An error in energy reconstruction is propagated to all the oscillation parameters; hence, a careful estimation of the neutrino energy is required. To increase the statistics, neutrino-oscillation experiments use heavy nuclear targets like argon (Z=18). The use of these nuclear targets introduces nuclear effects that severely impact the neutrino energy reconstruction which in turn poses influence in the determination of neutrino-oscillation parameters. In this work, we have tried to quantify the presence of nuclear effects on the bounds of the CP phase by DUNE using final state interactions.
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis: A Disease Not to be Forgotten
Authors: Parejo-Morón A. I. , Tornero-Divieso M. L. , Férnandez-Díaz M. R. , Muñoz-Medina L. , Preda O. , Ortego-Centeno N.
Published: January 2020

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology characterised by the appearance of noncaseifying epithelioid granulomas in the affected organs, most commonly the lungs, skin, and eyes (Iannuzzi et al. 2007). Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis (NGS) is a rare and little-known form of disease, which also presents nodular lung lesions, and it shares pathologic and clinical findings with sarcoidosis, where the presence of necrosis may lead to misdiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), leading to a consequent delay in treatment of the underlying entity (Chong et al. 2015). This is exactly what happened with the two cases that we present here.