bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fe-catalyzed B–H and Si–H insertion reactions of gem-dihaloalkanes
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wang Zhaobin
Published: February 2024

We present an approach involving Fe-catalyzed B–H and Si–H insertion of gem-dichloroalkanes. In contrast to previous strategies, our method uses gem-dihaloalkanes as non-stabilized carbene precursors and operates through a radical reaction pathway.
Electron donor–acceptor complex photoactivation for deaminative alkynylation, alkenylation and allenylation: a comprehensive study
Authors: Lapierre Romain , Truong Lina , Hedouin Matthieu , Oulyadi Hassan , Schiavi Bruno , Jean Alexandre , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas
Published: February 2024

Herein, we disclose our study toward photoinduced deaminative alkynylation, alkenylation and allenylation.
Potential application of ternary pentagonal p-SiXY4 (X = Si, C, Ge; Y = C, B, N) materials for optoelectronics and photocatalytic water splitting: a first-principles study
Authors: Maymoun M. , Oukahou S. , Elomrani A. , Benaddi A. , Etrini A. , Ataalite H. , Bahou Y. , Hasnaoui A. , Sbiaai K.
Published: February 2024

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials with a pentagonal structure have attracted great interest since the discovery of penta-graphene, due to their unique structures and remarkable physical properties.
Synthesis of graphene oxide-mediated high-porosity Ni/C aerogels through topological MOF deformation for enhanced electromagnetic absorption and thermal management
Authors: Wang Pan , Fan Dingge , Gai Lixue , Hu Bo , Xu Ping , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen
Published: February 2024

High porosity aerogel is emerging as excellent functional material for electromagnetic (EM) attenuation and thermal management because its unique structural advantage not only intensifies EM energy consumption, but also obstructs heat conduction.
Tailoring the energy gap to promote long wavelength emission of nitrogen-doped sulfur quantum dots via dual functional ethylenediamine
Authors: Huang Guoyong , Wei Zitong , Zhang Xiaona , Lu Wenyi , Du Yizhang , Yin Yali , Prova Umme Hani , Wang Chunxia
Published: February 2024

Long wavelength emission nitrogen doped sulfur quantum dots were constructed by employing bifunctional ethylenediamine as a solvent and dopant, which is verified by the reduced energy gap based on Gaussian calculations.
GPR15LG regulates psoriasis-like inflammation by down-regulating inflammatory factors on keratinocytes
Authors: Chen Caifeng , Cai Renhui , Zhou Jun , Zhang Danqun , Chen Li
Published: February 2024

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by aberrant proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells. We previously found that GPR15LG protein is highly expressed in psoriasis lesional skin and it positively regulates psoriatic keratinocyte proliferation. Our data also showed that GPR15LG could regulate the activity of NF-κB pathway, which is associated with psoriatic inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrated that Gpr15lg (ortholog of GPR15LG) knockdown attenuated the severity of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Such an effect was achieved by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and S100A7. Consistently, GPR15LG knockdown in vitro significantly downgraded the expression of inflammatory factors in the cellular model of psoriasis. These results suggested that GPR15LG could be involved in the development of psoriasis by regulating inflammation.
Vestibular Function Monitoring in a Pediatric Cochlear Implant Program
Authors: Doettl Steven M. , Little John P. , Plyler Patrick N. , Davis Connor , Anderson Allison , Little Matthew , Little John G.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this project was to retrospectively evaluate a vestibular screening protocol and results in children with cochlear implants (CIs) to provide information for other clinics considering implementing similar programs.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of chart data was completed using descriptive statistics and a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance design in context with the current state of literature on vestibular monitoring in the pediatric CI population.

Results:

Pre-CI testing was focused on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs), which is an efficient and obtainable measure in this population. Postimplantation vestibular testing proved challenging with a high no-show/cancellation rate. For patients evaluated both pre- and postimplantation, there was no significant difference across patients noted; however, individual differences were noted.

Conclusions:

Vestibular monitoring of pediatric CI patients is important for the overall health and development of this population. An overall assessment of the program and options for continuation of the program considering this analysis are also provided. cVEMP testing is a good option for vestibular monitoring in pediatric CI patients; however, a multifaceted approach is most likely needed to address the many challenges that exist.
The 85-electrode adaptive optics system of the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope
Authors: Scharmer G. B. , Sliepen G. , Sinquin J.-C. , Löfdahl M. G. , Lindberg B. , Sütterlin P.
Published: February 2024

We discuss the chosen concepts, detailed design, implementation and calibration of the 85-electrode adaptive optics (AO) system of the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST), which was installed in 2013. The AO system is unusual in that it uses a combination of a monomorph mirror with a Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor (WFS) and a second high-resolution SH microlens array to aid the characterization, calibration, and modal control of the deformable mirror. An Intel PC workstation performs the heavy image processing associated with cross-correlations and real-time control at a 2 kHz update rate with very low latency. The computer and software continue the successful implementation since 1995 of earlier generations of correlation tracker and AO systems at SST and its predecessor, the 50-cm Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, by relying entirely on work-station technology and an extremely efficient algorithm for implementing cross-correlations with the large field of view of the WFS. We describe critical aspects of the design, calibrations, software, and functioning of the AO system. The exceptionally high performance is testified through the highest Strehl ratio (inferred from the measured granulation contrast) of existing meter-class solar telescopes, as demonstrated here at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm and discussed in more detail in a previous separate publication We expect that some aspects of this AO system may also be of interest outside the solar community.
The Mantis Network
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. J. , Kitzmann D. , Morris B. M. , Prinoth B. , Borsato N. W. , Thorsbro B. , Pino L. , Lee E. K. H. , Akın C. , Seidel J. V. , Birkby J. L. , Allart R. , Heng Kevin
Published: February 2024

Context. Using emission lines from metals, we investigate the three-dimensional distribution of temperature and chemistry in ultra-hot Jupiters.

Aims. Existing observations of WASP-121 b have suggested an underabundance of titanium and titanium oxide in its terminator region. In this study, we aim to determine whether this depletion is global by investigating the dayside emission spectrum.

Methods. We analyzed eight epochs of high-resolution spectra obtained with the ESPRESSO spectrograph, targeting orbital phases when the dayside is in view. We used a cross-correlation method to search for various atoms, TiO, and VO, and compare the results to models. We constrained the velocities and phase function of the emission signal using a Bayesian framework.

Results. We report significant detections of Ca I, V I, Cr I, Mn I, Fe I, Co I, and Ni I, but not Ti or TiO. Models containing titanium are unable to reproduce the data. The detected signals are consistent with the known orbital and systemic velocities and with peak emission originating from the substellar point.

Conclusions. We find that titanium is depleted from regions of the atmosphere where transmission and emission spectroscopy are sensitive. Supported by recent HST observations of the nightside, we interpret this as evidence for the nightside condensation of titanium, which prevents it from being mixed back into the upper layers of the atmosphere elsewhere on the planet. Species with lower condensation temperatures are unaffected, implying that sharp chemical transitions exist between ultra-hot Jupiters that have slight differences in temperature or dynamical properties. As TiO can act as a strong source of stratospheric heating, cold-trapping creates a coupling between the thermal structures on the dayside and nightside, and thus condensation chemistry needs to be included in global circulation models. Observed elemental abundances in hot Jupiters will not reliably be representative of bulk abundances unless nightside condensation is robustly accounted for or the planet is hot enough to avoid nightside cold traps entirely. Secondary eclipse observations by JWST/NIRISS have the potential to confirm an absence of TiO bands at red-optical wavelengths. We also find that the abundance ratios of metal oxides to their atomic metals (e.g., TiO/Ti) depend strongly on the atmospheric C/O ratio, and that planetary rotation may significantly lower the apparent orbital velocity of the emission signal.
A new treatment of telluric and stellar features for medium-resolution spectroscopy and molecular mapping
Authors: Kiefer F. , Bonnefoy M. , Charnay B. , Boccaletti A. , Lagrange A.-M. , Chauvin G. , Bézard B. , Mâlin M.
Published: February 2024

Molecular mapping is a supervised method exploiting the spectral diversity of integral field spectrographs to detect and characterise resolved exoplanets blurred into the stellar halo. We present an update to the method, aimed at removing the stellar halo and the nuisance of telluric features in the datacubes and accessing a continuum-subtracted spectra of the planets at R ~ 4000. We derived the planet atmosphere properties from a direct analysis of the planet telluric-corrected absorption spectrum. We applied our methods to the SINFONI observation of the planet β Pictoris b. We recovered the CO and H2O detections in the atmosphere of β Pic b by using molecular mapping. We further determined some basic properties of its atmosphere, with Teq=1748−4+3 K, sub-solar [Fe/H]=− 0.235−0.013+0.015 dex, and solar C/O=0.551 ±0.002. These results are in contrast to values measured for the same exoplanet with other infrared instruments. We confirmed a low projected equatorial velocity of 25−6+5 km s−1. We were also able to measure, for the first time and with a medium-resolution spectrograph, the radial velocity of β Pic b relative to the central star at MJD=56910.38 with a km s−1 precision of −11.3±1.1 km s−1. This result is compatible with the ephemerides, based on the current knowledge of the β Pic system.
Binary origin of blue straggler stars in Galactic star clusters
Authors: Rain M. J. , Pera M. S. , Perren G. I. , Benvenuto O. G. , Panei J. A. , De Vito M. A. , Carraro G. , Villanova S.
Published: February 2024

Building on the recent release of a new Gaia-based blue straggler star catalog in Galactic open star clusters (OCs), we explored the properties of these stars in a cluster sample spanning a wide range in fundamental parameters. We employed Gaia EDR3 to assess the membership of any individual blue or yellow straggler to their parent cluster. We then made use of the ASteCA code to estimate the fundamental parameters of the selected clusters, in particular, the binary fraction. With all this at hand, we critically revisited the relation of the blue straggler population and the latter. For the first time, we found a correlation between the number of blue stragglers and the host cluster binary fraction and binaries. This supports the hypothesis that binary evolution is the most viable scenario of straggler formation in Galactic star clusters. The distribution of blue stragglers in the Gaia color-magnitude diagram was then compared with a suite of composite evolutionary sequences derived from binary evolutionary models that were run by exploring a range of binary parameters: age, mass ratio, period, and so forth. The excellent comparison between the bulk distribution of blue stragglers and the composite evolutionary sequences loci further supports the binary origin of most stragglers in OCs and paves the way for a detailed study of individual blue stragglers.
Interacting supernovae from wide massive binary systems
Authors: Ercolino A. , Jin H. , Langer N. , Dessart L.
Published: February 2024

Context. The features in the light curves and spectra of many Type I and Type II supernovae (SNe) can be understood by assuming an interaction of the SN ejecta with circumstellar matter (CSM) surrounding the progenitor star. This suggests that many massive stars may undergo various degrees of envelope stripping shortly before exploding, and may therefore produce a considerable diversity in their pre-explosion CSM properties.

Aims. We explore a generic set of about 100 detailed massive binary evolution models in order to characterize the amount of envelope stripping and the expected CSM configurations.

Methods. Our binary models were computed with the MESA stellar evolution code, considering an initial primary star mass of 12.6 M⊙ and secondaries with initial masses of between ∼12 M⊙ and ∼1.3 M⊙, and focus on initial orbital periods above ∼500 d. We compute these models up to the time of iron core collapse in the primary.

Results. Our models exhibit varying degrees of stripping due to mass transfer, resulting in SN progenitor models ranging from fully stripped helium stars to stars that have not been stripped at all. We find that Roche lobe overflow often leads to incomplete stripping of the mass donor, resulting in a large variety of pre-SN envelope masses. In many of our models, the red supergiant (RSG) donor stars undergo core collapse during Roche lobe overflow, with mass transfer and therefore system mass-loss rates of up to 0.01 M⊙ yr−1 at that time. The corresponding CSM densities are similar to those inferred for Type IIn SNe, such as SN 1998S. In other cases, the mass transfer becomes unstable, leading to a common-envelope phase at such late time that the mass donor explodes before the common envelope is fully ejected or the system has merged. We argue that this may cause significant pre-SN variability, as witnessed for example in SN 2020tlf. Other models suggest a common-envelope ejection just centuries before core collapse, which may lead to the strongest interactions, as observed in superluminous Type IIn SNe, such as SN 1994W and SN 2006gy.

Conclusions. Wide massive binaries exhibit properties that may not only explain the diverse envelope stripping inferred in Type Ib, IIb, IIL, and IIP SNe, but also offer a natural framework to understand a broad range of hydrogen-rich interacting SNe. On the other hand, the flash features observed in many Type IIP SNe, such as SN 2013fs, may indicate that RSG atmospheres are more extended than currently assumed; this could enhance the parameter space for wide binary interaction.
Grain size effects on the infrared spectrum of mineral mixtures with dark components: New laboratory experiments to interpret low-albedo rocky planetary surfaces
Authors: Poggiali G. , Fossi L. , Wargnier A. , Beccarelli J. , Brucato J. R. , Barucci M. A. , Beck P. , Matsuoka M. , Nakamura T. , Merlin F. , Fornasier S. , Pajola M. , Doressoundiram A. , Gautier T. , David G.
Published: February 2024

Context. A number of bodies in the Solar System are characterized by dark surfaces, from carbonaceous asteroids to the enigmatic surface of Phobos and Deimos. Our understanding of the spectroscopic behavior of low-albedo surfaces remains incomplete. To improve the interpretation of remote sensing data, laboratory studies continue to serve as a pivotal tool for unveiling the physical state and composition of such surfaces.

Aims. Several processes can be simulated in the laboratory, however, the preparation and analysis of a complex mixing of analog material is one of the most fundamental among them, while also being one of the most complex when multiple components are used. In this work, we aim to study how dark material mixed with basaltic material at different grain sizes can affect the spectroscopic features from the near- to mid- infrared (1.25–25 µm).

Methods. Our sample set includes four series of basaltic mix (feldspar and pyroxene) at different grain sizes from <50 µm to 1000 µm, mixed with amorphous carbon at increasing weight percentages ranging from 1% to 50%. We analyzed several features on the spectrum of each mineral mixture. In particular, we investigated the behavior of the: (i) near-infrared slope; (ii) 2.7 µm OH-stretching band; (iii) Christiansen features; and (iv) Reststrahlen band and Transparency feature.

Results. The measurements presented in this work, which take into account a large wavelength range for the first time, point toward a critical effect of dark material, but with a different outcomes for each grain size. Some of the most interesting results involve the slope trend of modification with dark material and the variant behavior of the Reststrahlen band and Transparency feature.

Conclusions. This dataset will offer a key support in the interpretation of data collected on dark surfaces by past and future space missions. This knowledge will be also important in the context of linking analyses of returned samples with remote sensing data collected on planetary surfaces.
Horizontally polarized kink oscillations supported by solar coronal loops in an asymmetric environment
Authors: Shi Mijie , Li Bo , Yuan Shengju
Published: February 2024

Context. Kink oscillations are ubiquitously observed in solar coronal loops, and understanding them is crucial in the contexts of coronal seismology and atmospheric heating.

Aims. We studied kink modes supported by a straight coronal loop embedded in an asymmetric environment using 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations.

Methods. We implemented the asymmetric effect by setting different exterior densities below and above the loop interior and initiated the simulation using a kink-like velocity perturbation perpendicular to the loop plane, mimicking the frequently measured horizontally polarized kink modes.

Results. We find that the external velocity fields show fan-blade structures propagating in the azimuthal direction as a result of the successive excitation of higher azimuthal Fourier modes. Resonant absorption and phase-mixing can still occur despite an asymmetric environment, leading to the development of small-scale structures at loop boundaries. These small-scale structures nonetheless develop asymmetrically at the upper and lower boundaries due to the different gradients of the Alfvén speed.

Conclusions. These findings enrich our understanding of kink modes in coronal loops embedded within an asymmetric environment, providing insights that will be helpful for future high-resolution observations.
Bayesian test of Brans–Dicke theories with planetary ephemerides: Investigating the strong equivalence principle
Authors: Mariani V. , Minazzoli O. , Fienga A. , Laskar J. , Gastineau M.
Published: February 2024

Aims. We are testing the Brans–Dicke class of scalar tensor theories with planetary ephemerides.

Methods. In this work, we apply our recently proposed Bayesian methodology to the Brans–Dicke case, with an emphasis on the issue of the strong equivalence principle (SEP).

Results. We use an MCMC approach coupled to full, consistent planetary ephemeris construction (from point-mass body integration to observational fit) and compare the posterior distributions obtained with and without the introduction of potential violations of the SEP.

Conclusions. We observe a shift in the confidence levels of the posteriors obtained. We interpret this shift as marginal evidence that the effect of violation of the SEP can no longer be assumed to be negligible in planetary ephemerides with the current data. We also notably report that the constraint on the Brans–Dicke parameter with planetary ephemerides is getting closer to the figure reported from the Cassini spacecraft alone, and also to the constraints from pulsars. We anticipate that data from future spacecraft missions, such as BepiColombo, will significantly enhance the constraints based on planetary ephemerides.
The double low-mass white dwarf eclipsing binary system J2102–4145 and its possible evolution
Authors: Antunes Amaral L. , Munday J. , Vučković M. , Pelisoli I. , Németh P. , Zorotovic M. , Marsh T. R. , Littlefair S. P. , Dhillon V. S. , Brown A. J.
Published: February 2024

In recent years, about 150 low-mass white dwarfs (WDs), typically with masses below 0.4 M⊙, have been discovered. The majority of these low-mass WDs are observed in binary systems as they cannot be formed through single-star evolution within Hubble time. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the double low-mass WD eclipsing binary system J2102−4145. Our investigation encompasses an extensive observational campaign, resulting in the acquisition of approximately 28 h of high-speed photometric data across multiple nights using NTT/ULTRACAM, SOAR/Goodman, and SMARTS-1m telescopes. These observations have provided critical insights into the orbital characteristics of this system, including parameters such as inclination and orbital period. To disentangle the binary components of J2102−4145, we employed the XTGRIDspectral fitting method with GMOS/Gemini-South and X-shooter data. Additionally, we used the PHOEBE package for light curve analysis on NTT/ULTRACAM high-speed time-series photometry data to constrain the binary star properties. Our analysis unveils remarkable similarities between the two components of this binary system. For the primary star, we determineTeff,1 = 13 688−72+65K, log g1 = 7.36 ± 0.01,R1 = 0.0211 ± 0.0002 R⊙, andM1 = 0.375 ± 0.003 M⊙, while, the secondary star is characterised byTeff,2 = 12952−66+53K, log g2 = 7.32 ± 0.01,R2 = 0.0203−0.0003+0.0002 R⊙, andM2 = 0.314 ± 0.003 M⊙. Furthermore, we found a notable discrepancy betweenTeffandRof the less massive WD, compared to evolutionary sequences for WDs from the literature, which has significant implications for our understanding of WD evolution. We discuss a potential formation scenario for this system which might explain this discrepancy and explore its future evolution. We predict that this system will merge in ∼800 Myr, evolving into a helium-rich hot subdwarf star and later into a hybrid He/CO WD.
Propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic fluctuations in the mantle of Venus
Authors: Morsi S. A. , Fayad A. A. , Tolba R. E. , Fichtner H. , Lazar M. , Moslem W. M.
Published: February 2024

Motivated by the observations of ion-acoustic fluctuations with the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and earlier by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) in the Venusian magnetosheath, we investigate the nature of ion-acoustic solitary and double-layer (DL) structures in the mantle. We employed a hydrodynamic description along with reductive perturbation theory to derive the nonlinear Zakharov—Kuznetsov equation that elucidates the dynamics of three-dimensional ion-acoustic wave packets. Using the spacecraft measurements of the plasma configuration at Venus, we carried out a parametric analysis of these structures, including the influence of the magnetic field strength and the relative densities and temperatures, considering two cases: quasi-parallel and oblique propagation. Moreover, we determined the structural characteristics of these waves, where oblique (quasi-parallel) solitary waves have a potential of 0.4 V (0.4 V) and a maximum electric field amplitude Em ~ 0.024 mV m−1 (8 m V m−1) across spatial and temporal widths of ~40–80 km (~140–200 m) and 0.4 s (1.6 ms). These waves produce low-frequency electrostatic activity in the frequency range of 1.6–10 Hz (630–3160 Hz). Quasi-parallel DLs have potential drops of (6.5–13) V and Em ~ (0.16–0.35) mV m−1 with a width and duration of (100–120) m and ~1 ms, and a frequency range of ~630–3980 Hz. These outcomes can explain the detected electrostatic fluctuations above the ionosphere via PVO in the frequency channels of 730 Hz and 5.4 kHz. Furthermore, the DL features estimated in this work are in line with the recent PSP measurements of the DLs propagating in the magnetosheath of Venus.
European VLBI Network observations of the peculiar radio source 4C 35.06 overlapping with a compact group of nine galaxies
Authors: Veres P. M. , Gabányi K. É. , Frey S. , Paragi Z. , An T. , Bagchi J. , Bogdán Á. , Biju K. G. , Kun E. , Jacob J. , Adebahr B.
Published: February 2024

Context. According to the hierarchical structure formation model, brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) evolve into the most luminous and massive galaxies in the Universe through multiple merger events. The peculiar radio source 4C 35.06 is located at the core of the galaxy cluster Abell 407, overlapping with a compact group of nine galaxies. Low-frequency radio observations have revealed a helical, steep-spectrum, kiloparsec-scale jet structure and inner lobes with less steep spectra, compatible with a recurring active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity scenario. However, the host galaxy of the AGN responsible for the detected radio emission remained unclear.

Aims. We aim to identify the host of 4C 35.06 by studying the object at high angular resolution and thereby confirm the recurrent AGN activity scenario.

Methods. To reveal the host of the radio source, we carried out very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network of the nine galaxies in the group at 1.7 and 4.9 GHz.

Results. We detected compact radio emission from an AGN located between the two inner lobes at both observing frequencies. In addition, we detected another galaxy at 1.7 GHz, whose position appears more consistent with the principal jet axis and is located closer to the low-frequency radio peak of 4C 35.06. The presence of another radio-loud AGN in the nonet sheds new light on the BCG formation and provides an alternative scenario in which not just one but two AGNs are responsible for the complex large-scale radio structure.
OGLE-2023-BLG-0836L: The sixth microlensing planet in a binary stellar system
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Jung Youn Kil , Gould Andrew , Kim Doeon , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Mróz Przemek , Mróz Mateusz J. , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz
Published: February 2024

Aims. Light curves of microlensing events occasionally deviate from the smooth and symmetric form of a single-lens single-source event. While most of these anomalous events can be accounted for by employing a binary-lens single-source (2L 1S) or a single-lens binary-source (1L2S) framework, it is established that a small fraction of events remain unexplained by either of these interpretations. We carried out a project in which data collected by high-cadence microlensing surveys were reinvestigated with the aim of uncovering the nature of anomalous lensing events with no proposed 2L 1S or 1L 2S models.

Methods. From the project we found that the anomaly appearing in the lensing event OGLE-2023-BLG-0836 cannot be explained by the usual interpretations, and we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the event. From thorough modeling of the light curve under sophisticated lens-system configurations, we arrived at the conclusion that a triple-mass lens system is imperative to account for the anomalous features observed in the lensing light curve.

Results. From the Bayesian analysis using the measured observables of the event timescale and angular Einstein radius, we determined that the least massive component of the lens has a planetary mass of 4.36−2.18+2.35 MJ. This planet orbits within a stellar binary system composed of two stars with masses 0.71−0.36+0.38 M⊙ and 0.56−0.28+0.30 M⊙. This lensing event signifies the sixth occurrence of a planetary microlensing system in which a planet belongs to a stellar binary system.
A phase-resolvedFermi-LAT analysis of the mode-changing pulsar PSR J2021+4026 shows hints of a multipolar magnetosphere
Authors: Fiori A. , Razzano M. , Harding A. K. , Kerr M. , Mignani R. P. , Saz Parkinson P. M.
Published: February 2024

Context.The radio-quietγ-ray pulsar PSR J2021+4026 is a peculiarFermi-LAT pulsar showing repeated and quasi-periodic mode changes. Itsγ-ray flux shows repeated variations between two states at intervals of ∼3.5 years. These events occur over timescales < 100 days and are correlated with sudden changes in the spin-down rate. Multiwavelength observations also revealed an X-ray phase shift relative to theγ-ray profile for one of the events. PSR J2021+4026 is currently the only known isolatedγ-ray pulsar showing significant variability, and thus it has been the object of thorough investigations.

Aims.The goal of our work is to study the mode changes of PSR J2021+4026 with improved detail. By accurately characterizing variations in theγ-ray spectrum and pulse profile, we aim to relate theFermi-LAT observations to theoretical models. We also aim to interpret the mode changes in terms of variations in the structure of a multipolar dissipative magnetosphere.

Methods.We continually monitored the rotational evolution and theγ-ray flux of PSR J2021+4026 using more than 13 years ofFermi-LAT data with a binned likelihood approach. We investigated the features of the phase-resolved spectrum and pulse profile, and from these we inferred the macroscopic conductivity, the electric field parallel to the magnetic field, and the curvature radiation cutoff energy. These physical quantities are related to the spin-down rate and theγ-ray flux and therefore are relevant to the theoretical interpretation of the mode changes. We introduced a simple magnetosphere model that combines a dipole field with a strong quadrupole component. We simulated magnetic field configurations to determine the positions of the polar caps for different sets of parameters.

Results.We clearly detect the previous mode changes and confirm a more recent mode change that occurred around June 2020. We provide a full set of best-fit parameters for the phase-resolvedγ-ray spectrum and the pulse profile obtained in five distinct time intervals. We computed the relative variations in the best-fit parameters, finding typical flux changes between 13% and 20%. Correlations appear between theγ-ray flux and the spectral parameters, as the peak of the spectrum shifts by ∼10% toward lower energies when the flux decreases. The analysis of the pulse profile reveals that the pulsed fraction of the light curve is larger when the flux is low. Finally, the magnetosphere simulations show that some configurations could explain the observed multiwavelength variability. However, self-consistent models are required to reproduce the observed magnitudes of the mode changes.
Ambulanter Pflegedienst: Wer nutzt ihn und wer möchte ihn
nutzen? Prädiktoren der aktuellen und künftigen
Inanspruchnahme
Authors: Scheerbaum Petra , Gräßel Elmar , Pendergrass Anna
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Pflegebedürftige Personen werden in Deutschland
mehrheitlich von ihren An- und Zugehörigen, den „pflegenden
Angehörigen“, zu Hause gepflegt. Der ambulante Pflegedienst
stellt dabei eine zentrale Säule in der ambulanten Versorgung von
Pflegebedürftigen dar. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, die Einflussfaktoren
für die aktuelle und zukünftige Inanspruchnahme des ambulanten
Pflegedienstes zu analysieren.

Methodik Im Rahmen der Querschnittsstudie Benefits of Being a Caregiver
(Zugewinne durch die Pflege) wurden von Oktober 2019 bis März 2020
pflegende Angehörige von pflegebedürftigen älteren
Menschen aus Bayern befragt (n=958). Neben den Charakteristika der
pflegenden Angehörigen und der Pflegebedürftigen wurden Angaben
zur Pflegesituation sowie zur tatsächlichen und in Zukunft
gewünschten Inanspruchnahme eines ambulanten Pflegedienstes erhoben. Es
wurden zwei binär logistische Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt,
um die Prädiktoren der Nutzung zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse Der ambulante Pflegedienst wurde von 368 (38%)
pflegenden Angehörigen bzw. den Pflegebedürftigen
„gegenwärtig oder in letzter Zeit“ genutzt. 236
pflegende Angehörige (40% der aktuellen Nicht-Nutzenden) gaben
an, einen ambulanten Pflegedienst in Zukunft nutzen zu wollen. Als
Prädiktoren für die aktuelle Nutzung wurden das
Verwandtschaftsverhältnis „Nicht-Partner“, ein
höherer Pflegegrad der Pflegebedürftigen sowie die
Einschätzung der pflegenden Angehörigen, mit der Pflege nicht
zurecht zu kommen, ermittelt. Prädisponierende Faktoren für die
gewünschte zukünftige Nutzung waren der Wunsch nach
gegenwärtiger informeller Hilfe und ein niedrigerer Pflegegrad.

Schlussfolgerung Da die Nutzenden angaben, mit der häuslichen
Pflege weniger gut zurechtzukommen, sollte der ambulante Pflegedienst sein
Beratungsangebot verstärkt auf Empowerment der Angehörigen
ausrichten. Darüber hinaus sind die Nutzenden vorwiegend
erwerbstätige Töchter oder Schwiegertöchter, die in
getrennten Haushalten leben. Daher ist die Verlässlichkeit des Angebotes
eine Grundvoraussetzung, um die häusliche Pflege aufrechterhalten zu
können. Zukünftig ist ein erheblicher Nutzungswusch für
ambulante Pflegedienstleistungen zu erwarten. Deshalb sind Anstrengungen zu
unternehmen, um das Angebot gegebenenfalls auszubauen.
Pflegebedürftigkeit im Alter – Implikationen
für das Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Pendergrass Anna , Gräßel Elmar
Published: February 2024

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

in Deutschland weisen knapp fünf Millionen Menschen einen Pflegegrad auf und
gelten somit im Sinne des Pflegeversicherungsgesetzes als pflegebedürftig.
Über 80 % davon werden zu Hause versorgt – der
Großteil überwiegend durch An- und Zugehörige, die in diesem
Editorial als Pflegende bezeichnet werden. In sechs für die
Weiterentwicklung der Versorgungssituation und für die Politik bedeutsamen
Beiträgen soll die häusliche Pflege beleuchtet werden. Dabei sind
die Beiträge durch eine methodische und inhaltliche Vielfalt gekennzeichnet.
Sie beruhen auf einer Sekundärdatenanalyse von Daten, die im Rahmen der von
der G. u. I. Leifheit-Stiftung geförderten Studie „Benefits of Being
a Caregiver“ („Zugewinne durch die Pflege“) erhoben wurden.
Für diese Querschnittsstudie wurden zwischen Oktober 2019 und März
2020 insgesamt 5.000 Fragebögen von 50 Pflegegutachtenden des Medizinischen
Diensts (MD) Bayern an pflegende An-und Zugehörige –
repräsentativ für das Bundesland Bayern – verteilt. Die
Befragten betreuten oder pflegten eine gesetzlich versicherte Person, die beim MD
entweder einen Erstantrag oder einen Antrag auf Erhöhung des Pflegegrads
nach Sozialgesetzbuch XI gestellt hatte.
Vereinbarkeit von Erwerbstätigkeit und häuslicher
Pflege: Einflussfaktoren auf eine pflegebedingte
Erwerbstätigkeitsreduktion und arbeitsbezogene Wünsche
pflegender Angehöriger
Authors: Scheuermann Julia-Sophia , Gräßel Elmar , Pendergrass Anna
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Die Vereinbarkeit von häuslicher Pflege und
Erwerbstätigkeit stellt für viele pflegende Angehörige
eine Herausforderung dar. Ziele dieses Beitrags sind die Identifikation von
Einflussfaktoren einer pflegebedingten Erwerbstätigkeitsreduktion und
die Erfassung arbeitsbezogener Wünsche zur Verbesserung der
Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Erwerbstätigkeit pflegender
Angehöriger.

Methodik Die Analysen basieren auf der Querschnittsstudie Benefits of
Being a Caregiver mit 426 erwerbstätigen pflegenden Angehörigen
eines pflegebedürftigen älteren Menschen. Die erhobenen Daten
beziehen sich auf Charakteristika der Pflegebedürftigen, der pflegenden
Angehörigen und der Pflege- sowie der
Erwerbstätigkeitssituation. Die potentiellen Einflussfaktoren einer
pflegebedingten Reduktion der Erwerbstätigkeit wurden mittels
binär logistischer Regression analysiert. Die Wünsche zur
Vereinbarkeit von häuslicher Pflege und Erwerbstätigkeit wurden
mittels strukturierter Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring deskriptiv betrachtet.

Ergebnisse Ein Viertel der erwerbstätigen pflegenden
Angehörigen (n=108) hat die Erwerbstätigkeit
pflegebedingt reduziert. Das Profil der Einflussfaktoren für eine
pflegebedingte Reduktion der Erwerbstätigkeit setzt sich aus
höherem Arbeitsstundenumfang, höherem Pflegeaufwand für
die Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und Zusammenleben mit dem
Pflegebedürftigen zusammen. Erwerbstätige pflegende
Angehörige äußern vor allem den Wunsch nach
Flexibilisierung der Arbeitszeit, Reduktion der Arbeitszeit und Entgegenkommen
bei Fehltagen.

Schlussfolgerungen Durch eine externe Entlastung der pflegenden
Angehörigen bei den Pflegeaktivitäten des täglichen
Lebens in Form von formellen und informellen Unterstützungsangeboten
kann die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer pflegebedingten Reduktion der
Erwerbstätigkeit unter Umständen vermindert werden.
Zertifizierung: „Mykologie – Diagnostik und Therapie von Dermatomykosen (DDA)“
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Uhrlaß Silke , Klonowski Esther , Wiegand Cornelia , Burmester Anke , Malisiewicz Bartosz , Kargl Alexandra , Kolb-Mäurer Annette , Schaller Martin
Published: February 2024

Das Fachgebiet der Mykologie umfasst die genaue Kenntnis der Pilze und der durch diese Erreger ausgelösten Haut-, Haar-, Nagel- und Schleimhauterkrankungen. Die korrekte Probenahme und darauffolgende umfassende mykologische Diagnostik mit konventionellen und zunehmend eingesetzten molekularen Methoden ist elementar für die Identifizierung der Erreger. Nur dadurch ist eine zielgerichtete und erfolgreiche antimykotische Therapie möglich. Gleichzeitig können differenzialdiagnostisch infektiöse Dermatosen anderer Genese und nicht-infektiöse Haut- und Nagelerkrankungen ausgeschlossen werden. Alles das wird strukturiert im vorliegenden Zertifikat zur Dermatomykologie thematisiert. Auf die Qualitätssicherung der Mykologie wird ebenfalls in diesem Curriculum eingegangen.

Die Deutsche Dermatologische Akademie (DDA) hat daher mit dem Zertifikat „Mykologie – Diagnostik und Therapie von Dermatomykosen“ ein weiteres wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot für ein Teilgebiet der Dermatologie geschaffen. Die Fortbildungsinhalte für dieses Zertifikat werden in einem ganztägigen Modul (8 Stunden) vermittelt; auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungsveranstaltungen ist möglich. Die Seminare und v.a. auch Kurse (Workshops und praktisch-mikroskopische Kurse) sind interaktiv; bestimmend sind die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten auf dem Gebiet der Pilzinfektionen der Haut.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Pregnancy with Ovarian Localization: Case
Report
Authors: Lober Rieke , Zafarnia Maryam , Kupec Tomáš , Wittenborn Julia , Stickeler Elmar , Najjari Laila
Published: February 2024

Heterotopic pregnancies are a rare phenomenon defined by the simultaneous
occurrence of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. The incidence of
heterotopic pregnancy occurring through natural fertilization is low but is
increased by risk factors such as assisted reproductive techniques or pelvic
inflammatory disease increase. We report the case of a 36-year-old female
patient in the 6th week of pregnancy who presented to the emergency unit with
severe acute lower abdominal pain. Laboratory chemistry and sonography revealed
a suspected heterotopic pregnancy. The patient was admitted for observation. The
sonographic reevaluation on the next day confirmed the suspicion of extrauterine
gravidity with intact intrauterine gravidity with additional decreasing
hemoglobin and hematoperitoneum, so that laparoscopy was indicated.
Intraoperatively, the mass on the left ovary was removed without complications.
The patient could be discharged quickly postoperatively after a
complication-free course and gave birth to a healthy child by spontaneous partus
in the 38th week of gestation. Due to their rarity, there is limited research
related to heterotopic pregnancies, and most scientific articles are case
studies. Diagnostically, the most important thing in clinical practice is to
think about the possibility of EUG even if there is evidence of an intact IUG.
Transvaginal sonography is of particular importance in diagnostics. The
performance of prospective cohort studies is desirable for the evidence-based
diagnosis and therapy of affected patients in the future.
Increased Maternal BMI at Time of Delivery Associated with Poor Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Steffen Haley A. , Swartz Samantha R. , Kenne Kimberly A. , Wendt Linder H. , Jackson J. Brooks , Rysavy Mary B.
Published: February 2024

Objective Current literature on the risks and outcomes of obesity in pregnancy almost exclusively utilizes prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Given the rising obesity rate across the United States along with a paucity of available information on the relationship between delivery BMI and maternal and neonatal outcomes, our study aimed to determine the association of maternal BMI at delivery with antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal complications at an academic referral hospital.

Study Design This study is a secondary analysis of data collected for a prospective cohort study of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy. This analysis included all patients who delivered term singleton infants between May 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record. The relationship between maternal BMI and maternal and neonatal characteristics of interest was assessed using logistic regression models. A statistical significance threshold of 0.05 was used for all comparisons.

Results There were 1,996 women who delivered term singleton infants during the study period. The median BMI at delivery was 31.7 kg/m2 (interquartile range: 27.9, 37.2), with 61.1% of women having a BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. Increasing BMI was significantly associated with nonreassuring fetal status, unscheduled cesarean birth, overall cesarean birth rate, postpartum hemorrhage, prolonged postpartum stay, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, decreased APGAR score at 1 minute, and increasing neonatal birth weight. Even when controlling for preexisting hypertension in a multivariate model, increasing BMI was associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Conclusion Increased maternal BMI at delivery was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings have implications for clinical counseling regarding risks of pregnancy and delivery for overweight and obese patients and may help inform future studies to improve safety, especially by examining reasons for high cesarean rates.

Key Points
Marine Ascomycetes Extract Antifungal Susceptibility against Candida spp. Isolates from Oral Candidiasis HIV/AIDS Patient: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Sibero Mada Triandala , Farabi Kindi , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ahmad Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku
Published: February 2024

Objective The etiology of oral candidiasis (OC) was Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis that are frequently found in human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients. Marine ascomycetes (MA) have been widely reported as an important producer of various antibiotic compounds. However, there is limited study of antifungal compounds from MA against Candida species. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of MA against Candida spp. isolates from OC HIV/AIDS patient.

Materials and Methods Trichoderma sp. is a sponge-associated fungus collected from Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. The validation of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis. was done by ChromAgar. This study was true experimental with post-test only control group design; the sample was four replications for each group. Nystatin administration (K +), the golden standard antifungal drug, was used. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and diffusion zone methods were done. Analysis of variance difference test, and post-hoc Tukey's honest significant different were done to analyze the significant different between groups (p ≤ 0.05).

Results The MFC and MIC of MA against C. albicans, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis were found at 12.5%. In addition, the greatest diffusion zone of MA against C. albicans, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis was found at 12.5%. There is no appreciable difference in antifungal activity between K + and 12.5% of MA extract (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion Concentration of 12.5% MA extract has antifungal susceptibility against Candida spp. isolates from OC HIV/AIDS patient.
Retention Rate of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Resin-Based Sealant under Field Conditions: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Thetsanasalee Araya , Nakornchai Siriruk , Jirarattanasopha Varangkanar
Published: February 2024

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical retention rate between hydrophilic and hydrophobic resin-based sealant placed under field setting and related factors.

Materials and Methods Sixty-six children with 106 pairs of teeth in the same arch with matching International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores ranging from 0 to 2 were recruited. This study was a split-mouth design with each tooth in the pair randomly assigned into either hydrophobic resin-based sealant group (Concise white sealant, 3M. EPSE, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) or hydrophilic resin-based sealant group (UltraSeal XT hydro sealant, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah, USA). A dental therapist performed all procedures in a field setting on a mobile dental unit with a mobile saliva ejector. The retention rate was evaluated by two calibrated dentists and classified as fully retained, partially retained, and total loss.

Statistical Analysis The outcomes were analyzed using McNemar's, chi-squared, and Fisher's exact test with a significance level of 0.05.

Results After 12 months, 65 children with 105 pairs of teeth remained in this study. At 8-month follow-up, fully retained, partially retained, and total loss of material were found at 82.9, 15.2, and 1.9% in the hydrophobic group and 70.5, 26.7, and 2.9% in the hydrophilic group, respectively. At the 12-month follow-up, the outcomes were reduced, respectively, to 80, 17.1, and 2.9% in the hydrophobic group and 68.6, 27.6, and 3.8% in the hydrophilic group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Arch type was associated with the retention rate (p < 0.05), whereas ICDAS scores showed no correlation (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic resin-based sealant can be used under field conditions, with no significant difference in terms of retention rate.