bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetry and Topology of the Topological Counterparts in Non‐Hermitian Systems
Authors: Li Jing‐Quan , Li Jia‐Jie , Qi Lu , Zhang Zhi‐Xu , Cao Ji , Cui Wen‐Xue , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong‐Fu
Published: June 2023

The symmetries and topological properties of the topological counterparts in 1D non‐Hermitian systems are investigated. It is found that, after applying the non‐unitary similarity transformation, the non‐unitary topological counterpart in real space exhibits completely different global symmetries except for the sublattice symmetry and reveals many brand new local symmetries. Due to the abundant symmetries of non‐unitary topological counterparts, it is also found that the unique overlapping projections about the unit sphere vector representing the eigenstates appear in the nontrivial regions, and the triviality of the point‐gap topology of non‐unitary topological counterpart completely eliminate the intrinsic skin effect in non‐Hermitian systems. It is also shown that the unitary topological counterpart never arises any changes for the original symmetries and topological structures even in real space. Unitary topological counterparts are further summarized about the two‐band Bloch Hamiltonian, which can expand the definition of non‐Bloch winding number. Furthermore, it is demonstrated theoretically that the Bloch Hamiltonian would still hold time‐reversal symmetry, abnormal particle‐hole symmetry, and sublattice symmetry even suffering from the non‐unitary transformation. This work provides a new way to understand the roles of symmetry and topology in non‐Hermitian systems from the perspective of topological counterparts.
Significant applications of an affordable and simply prepared portable carbon‐based potentiometric sensor for the highly selective and sensitive determination of Cu(II) ions released from food contact materials
Authors: A. Mohammed Youssef , Abbas Ashraf A. , El Badry Mohamed Marwa
Published: June 2023

Herein, an affordable, sensitive, and accurate potentiometric method based on a modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE) incorporating 2,2′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis (sulfanediyl)) dianiline, as a selective ionophore, has been introduced for the determination of Cu(II) ions concentration in different real samples. The developed MCPE has a high sensitivity for Cu(II) ions within a wide concentration range from 1.0 × 10−7 to 5.0 × 10−3 mol L−1, a low limit of detection value (LOD) of 5.6 × 10−8 mol L−1, and a Nernstian slope of 29.4 ± 0.28 mV/decade. Furthermore, the developed sensor has a rapid response time (24 s), can work successfully in a wide pH range of 4.5–7.0, and is highly selective to Cu(II) ions over many other cations. The proposed sensor's external surface was scrutinized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Finally, the optimized MCPE was successfully applied for the determination of Cu(II) ions content in different soil samples. Moreover, our MCPE is the first potentiometric sensor applied for the monitoring of the release of Cu(II) ions from one of the commercially available unlined copperware after exposure to food simulants under different conditions. The results were in agreement with those of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique.
Synthesis, characterization, X‐ray structure, DNA binding, antioxidant and docking study of new organotin(IV) complexes
Authors: Ramzan Shaista , Rahim Shahnaz , Hussain Syed Tasleem , Holt Katherine B. , Cockcroft Jeremy Karl , Muhammad Niaz , Ur‐Rehman Zia , Nawaz Asif , Shujah Shaukat
Published: June 2023

Four new diorganotin(IV) complexes, including Me2SnL(1), Bu2SnL(2), Ph2SnL(3) and Oct2SnL(4), were synthesized by reacting R2SnCl2 (where R = Me, Bu, Ph, Oct) with N′‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐phenylacetohydrazide H2L. The synthesized ligand and complexes were structurally characterized by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The data suggested that tin–oxygen and tin–nitrogen bonds are formed during complex formation, confirming the coordination of ligand with dialkyltin(IV) moieties and the presence of penta‐coordinated structures. The single‐crystal X‐ray study was performed to confirm the molecular structure of complex 1, which revealed that the molecular structure is distorted towards square pyramidal geometry. The compound–DNA interaction was investigated via spectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking studies; the mode of interaction found in all cases was intercalative in nature. The complex 3 showed the highest binding ability with sodium salt of salmon sperm DNA (SS‐DNA) (1.93 × 105 M−1). The data obtained for DNA interaction studies from theoretical calculation via docking studies match well with those observed from spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. Electrochemical and thermodynamic parameters, including diffusion coefficient, ∆H, ∆G and ∆S, were also calculated. The DPPH antioxidant results showed that complex 2 is an active antioxidant.
Distribution and habitat use of a rare native crayfish: Implications for conserving Data Deficient species
Authors: Hays Hayden C. , Pease Allison A. , Fleming Paul , Barnes Matthew A.
Published: June 2023

Few observations exist for the Kisatchie painted crayfish (Faxonius maletae), and little is known about its distribution, habitat use, or population structure. The lack of basic ecological data has led to a ‘Data Deficient’ designation, a category of conservation concern that is often overlooked for management actions. This work provides updated data and practical management suggestions for similarly Data Deficient species.

Comprehensive (i.e. beyond known collection sites) crayfish surveys paired with habitat assessments across north‐east Texas were conducted. Among 74 survey sites in 10 counties within and adjacent to the known range for F. maletae, eight total crayfish species were encountered within 35 of these sites (47.3% of the total). Thirteen F. maletae individuals were collected across seven sites (9.5%). Notably, two individuals were found where the species had not been previously observed.

Stepwise multiple logistic regression indicated that conductivity and availability of exposed root masses were positively related to F. maletae presence, although neither factor was statistically significant on its own. Neither nonmetric multidimensional scaling nor canonical correspondence analysis identified patterns between F. maletae presence and the presence of other crayfish species.

Overall, F. maletae is geographically rare and occurs in exceptionally low abundance, challenging the ability to understand drivers of its distribution. However, given the depth of this survey, we can confidently say that F. maletae is no longer Data Deficient; rather, there is compelling evidence that it has a limited range and small population size.

The Data Deficient versus rarity debate has wide‐reaching impacts on the conservation of aquatic taxa; species that are Data Deficient require heightened research focus in general, whereas rare organisms require targeted management to protect specific habitats. Furthermore, we suggest that future management efforts should focus on maintaining current populations through active monitoring to inform the potential habitat suitability of new areas for protection.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des statischen Systems und der Belastungsart auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Balken mit geringer Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Tue Nguyen Viet , Betschoga Christoph , Tung Nguyen Duc
Published: June 2023

Der vorliegende Aufsatz berichtet über experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Querkraftverhalten von Balken mit geringer Querkraftbewehrung unterschiedlicher statischer Systeme und Belastungen. Insgesamt wurden vier Einfeldbalken unter Einzellasten, zehn Kragbalken und drei simulierte Durchlaufbalken unter Gleichstreckenlasten getestet. Der Querkraftbewehrungsgrad wurde zwischen dem 0‐ (querkraftunbewehrt) und 2,0‐Fachen der Mindestquerkraftbewehrung nach EC2 variiert. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen einen erheblichen Einfluss des statischen Systems und der Belastungsart auf das Rissbild und die Traglast der untersuchten Balken. Während eine Querkraftbewehrung unterhalb der Mindestquerkraftbewehrung kaum Einfluss auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Einfeldbalken unter Einzellasten hat, führt eine derart geringe Querkraftbewehrung bereits zu einer deutlichen Steigerung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit bei Balken unter Gleichstreckenlast. Im Vergleich zu Balken ohne Querkraftbewehrung bleibt das Rissbild jedoch unverändert, sodass das Versagen weiterhin durch einen einzelnen kritischen Schubriss gekennzeichnet wird. Ein Vergleich mit derzeit gültigen Berechnungs‐ bzw. Normvorschriften zeigt mögliche Verbesserungspotenziale in den angewendeten Modellen.
A natural heme deficiency exists in biology that allows nitric oxide to control heme protein functions by regulating cellular heme distribution
Authors: Stuehr Dennis J. , Biswas Pranjal , Dai Yue , Ghosh Arnab , Islam Sidra , Jayaram Dhanya Thamaraparambil
Published: June 2023

A natural heme deficiency that exists in cells outside of the circulation broadly compromises the heme contents and functions of heme proteins in cells and tissues. Recently, we found that the signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO), can trigger or repress the deployment of intracellular heme in a concentration‐dependent hormetic manner. This uncovers a new role for NO and sets the stage for it to shape numerous biological processes by controlling heme deployment and consequent heme protein functions in biology.
Surprisingly unsustainable: How and when hindsight biases shape consumer evaluations of unsustainable and sustainable products
Authors: Geissmar Julien , Niemand Thomas , Kraus Sascha
Published: June 2023

Sustainability as a vital purchase criterion in sustainable consumption contexts is often biased by misguided information. In this context, we investigate the hindsight bias, i.e., consumers think in hindsight that they knew what would happen all along, may lead consumers to think they evaluated attributes of unsustainable or sustainable products correctly all the time while they did not, devaluating downstream marketing variables. This paper experimentally investigates the hindsight bias by manipulating information about a products' sustainability. We focus on two perspectives about hindsight biases, namely, marketing and psychology, to explore the interaction of surprise and sustainability. In a set of two online studies (Study 1: n = 300; Study 2: n = 461), we found a group‐based hindsight bias for high‐involvement, unsustainable products (Study 1) and individual hindsight biases for low‐involvement, unsustainable and sustainable products (Study 2). Contributing to both, mostly separately researched perspectives, we conclude that neither is predominantly correct. Instead, both perspectives jointly determine why consumers evaluate products differently. Confronted with surprising, sustainable information about unsustainable products causes a hindsight bias that increases purchase intention and word of mouth. In contrast, surprising, unsustainable information about sustainable products show opposed effects. Implications for marketing practice show when product information can unintentionally cause greenwashing and how product information should be communicated to underline a product's sustainability.
Circular economy practices and environmental performance: Analysing the role of big data analytics capability and responsible research and innovation
Authors: Sahoo Saumyaranjan , Upadhyay Arvind , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2023

This study employs dynamic capability view theory to comprehend the interplay between big data analytics capability (BDAC), responsible research and innovation (RRI) and circular economy practices (CEPs) as an execution strategy for improving environmental performance. The study uses partial least square structural equation modelling to analyse primary survey data collected from 326 manufacturers. The results indicate that BDAC, RRI and CEPs favourably affect environmental performance. Notably, RRI emerges as the most influential factor among the three. Furthermore, the findings suggest that implementing CEPs serves as a partial mediator for the influence of BDAC and RRI on environmental performance. Surprisingly, the study finds that the moderating impact of resource commitment is not statistically significant in any of the three pairwise interactions involving BDAC, RRI and CEPs with respect to environmental performance. The results have various intriguing implications for how manufacturers can enhance their circular economy strategies to achieve better environmental performance, representing a noteworthy contribution to the foundational theory of the dynamic capability view. Finally, these findings also provide valuable insights to managers, enabling a deeper understanding of the determinants that contribute to deploying CEPs and improving environmental performance within a manufacturing setting.
Factors predictive of clinical outcome in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving ramucirumab treatment: A real‐world experience
Authors: Lin Po‐Ting , Hung Min‐Hua , Shao Shih‐Chieh , Chen Hui‐Yu , Chan Yuk‐Ying , Chang Kai‐Cheng , Lin Shi‐Ming , Ou Huang‐Tz
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors predictive of clinical outcome in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving ramucirumab treatment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using a multi‐institutional electronic medical records database in Taiwan. We included advanced HCC patients newly receiving ramucirumab as second‐line or beyond systemic therapy between January 2016 and February 2022. The clinical outcomes were median progression‐free survival (PFS) based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), overall survival (OS) and adverse events. We applied Kaplan–Meier methods to estimate median PFS and OS. Uni‐variable and multi‐variable Cox regression models were applied to identify the prognostic factors.

Results

We included 39 ramucirumab naive users with a median age of 65.5 (IQR: 57.0–71.0) years and treatment time of 5.0 (3.0–7.0) cycles, of whom 82.1% were male and 84.6% were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C. After median follow‐up time of 6.0 months, 33.3% of patients' AFP level had decreased more than 20% within 12 weeks. The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months and non‐reach, respectively. Moreover, tumor burden beyond the up‐to‐11 criteria (HR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.04–8.38) and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of more than 10% within 12 weeks (HR: 0.31, 0.11–0.88) were significantly related to PFS in the multi‐variable analysis. No patient discontinued ramucirumab during the treatment on account of side effects.

Conclusion

Ramucirumab was an effective treatment option with good AFP response for advanced HCC patients in real‐world experience. Tumor burden beyond the up‐to‐11 criteria and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent predictive factors for progression‐free survival.
One‐pot Synthesis of Bulk NiMoS Catalysts: Influence of pH and Addition of Pluronic®P123. Hydrodesulfurization of Model Sulfur Molecules Representative of FCC Gasoline
Authors: Courthéoux Laurence , Hétier Valentin , Carvalho Alexandre , Rousseau Julie , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Girard Etienne , Uzio Denis , Brunet Sylvette , Pradel Annie
Published: June 2023

The worldwide continual reinforcement of regulations for the production of cleaner fuels along with the larger demand for energy urge us to develop hydrotreatment sulfide catalysts exhibiting higher activity in hydrodesulfurization reactions and explore innovative synthesis strategies. In this work, a novel one‐pot synthesis method of unsupported NiMoS catalysts in water at ambient pressure and moderate temperature is described. The reaction conditions including pH variations and addition of a copolymer structuring agent were thoroughly investigated. Catalytic performances of the prepared bulk NiMoS catalysts were measured for the hydrodesulfurization of two model sulfur molecules, representative of FCC gasoline. Catalysts prepared at pH 7 without or with polymer exhibited roughly similar activity, resulting however from different characteristics favorable for catalyst efficiency probably compensating one another, i. e. a very high promotion rate for the first one and smaller particles along with larger specific surface area for the second.
Three‐Dimensional, Molecule‐Sensitive Mapping of Structured Falling Liquid Films Using Raman Scanning
Authors: Nachtmann Marcel , Feger Daniel , Wühler Felix , Scholl Stephan , Rädle Matthias
Published: June 2023

A method for molecule‐sensitive, non‐contact and marker‐free 3D mapping of vertical falling liquid films using Raman spectroscopy is presented. Technical liquid films are common in many applications in the chemical industry such as columns, evaporators, dryers and absorbers/desorbers. Measurements of an aqueous sodium sulfate film on a plain surface with a small pyramid attached to it, as well as a pillow plate are presented using a 3D surface plot. Suppressing surface gloss as well as other optical reflections from the metallic backplates is realized by using only inelastic light scattering and mathematical background correction. The results show that liquid mapping with Raman spectroscopy is possible and 3D maps can be created from different structured surfaces.
Efficacy and safety of pralsetinib in patients with advanced RET fusion‐positive non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhao Jun , Chang Jianhua , Wang Huijie , Fan Yun , Wang Ke , Wu Gang , Nian Weiqi , Sun Yuping , Sun Meili , Wang Xiangcai , Shi Huaqiu , Zheng Xiangqian , Yao Sheng , Qin Mengmeng , Shen Zhenwei , Yang Jason , Wu Yi‐Long
Published: June 2023

Background

Pralsetinib is a potent, selective RET inhibitor targeting oncogenic RET alterations. As part of the global, phase 1/2 ARROW trial (NCT03037385), the efficacy and safety of pralsetinib in Chinese patients with advanced RET fusion‐positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated.

Methods

Adult patients with advanced, RET fusion–positive NSCLC with or without prior platinum‐based chemotherapy were enrolled into two cohorts receiving 400‐mg once‐daily oral pralsetinib. Primary end points were objective response rates assessed by blinded independent central review and safety.

Results

Of 68 patients enrolled, 37 had received prior platinum‐based chemotherapy (48.6% with ≥3 prior systemic regimens) and 31 were treatment‐naïve. As of March 4, 2022 (data cutoff), of the patients with measurable lesions at baseline, a confirmed objective response was observed in 22 (66.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48.2–82.0) of 33 pretreated patients, including 1 (3.0%) complete response and 21 (63.6%) partial responses; and in 25 (83.3%; 95% CI, 65.3–94.4) of 30 treatment‐naïve patients, including two (6.7%) complete responses and 23 (76.7%) partial responses. Median progression‐free survival was 11.7 months (95% CI, 8.7–not estimable) in pretreated patients and 12.7 months (95% CI, 8.9–not estimable) in treatment‐naïve patients. The most common grade 3/4 treatment‐related adverse events in 68 patients were anemia (35.3%) and decreased neutrophil count (33.8%). Eight (11.8%) patients discontinued pralsetinib because of treatment‐related adverse events.

Conclusion

Pralsetinib showed robust and durable clinical activity with a well‐tolerated safety profile in Chinese patients with RET fusion‐positive NSCLC.

Clinical trial registration: NCT03037385.
Preparation of CuxSb/Ti Electrodes by Electrodeposition and their Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Chen Gang , Li Mingqi
Published: June 2023

To explore a simple and green synthesis method for constructing high‐performance Sb‐based electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries, four CuxSb alloy films with different compositions are deposited on Ti substrates through constant current step technique using SbCl3 and CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O as raw materials (referred to as CuxSb/Ti). Among them, the prepared Cu1.33Sb/Ti electrode exhibits the best comprehensive electrochemical performance. At a current density of 0.2 A g−1, the electrode has a first reversible capacity of 385.2 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 76.7%. After 150 cycles, the reversible capacity remains at 343.5 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 89.2%. A stable discharge capacity of 290.5 mAh g−1 can be obtained at a current density of 2 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the introduction of inactive Cu, which alleviates the destruction of the volume variation during charging and discharging and improves the conductivity of the electrode. At the same time, CuTi alloy formed from Cu with Ti substrate enhances the bonding force between the alloy film and the substrate. This work provides a new approach for the preparation of Sb‐based alloy anodes for sodium‐ion batteries with low cost, high performance, and free of adhesives and conductive agents.
Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Hg2+ in Cosmetics Based on Amrinone‐Modified AuNPs Sensor
Authors: Li Guona , Liu Lvcheng , Liu Xiaoying , Han Junshan , Hao Tingting , Wang Chucheng , Sun Jiawei , Du Hengfeng , Li Xing
Published: June 2023

Mercury is unacceptable as a whitening agent in cosmetics because it is highly toxic and much harmful to the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems of humans. Therefore, it is of fundamental and practical importance to detect whether the concentration of mercury in cosmetics meets national standards. In this work, a new way for the simple visual and rapid colorimetric detection of Hg2+ using gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) modified with amrinone (3‐amino‐5‐pyridin −4‐yl‐1H‐pyridin‐2‐one, ALN) is proposed and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV‐vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and analyzed of Gaussian16w and Multiwfn simulations. The solution colors changed from wine‐red to gray‐blue with increasing Hg2+ concentration resulting from the agglomeration of AuNPs with favorable anti‐interference and selectivity. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.8 μmol/L by the unaided eye, and 18.2 nmol/L by UV‐vis spectroscopy with the excellent linear relationship (R2=0.9935) in the range of 0.0∼6.0 μmol/L (Hg2+ concentration), showing that AuNPs modified with ALN can serve as the quantitative determination of Hg2+. After testing actual samples, it is found that the test method can be practically applied to the monitoring of heavy metal mercury in cosmetics.
In vivo flow cytometry reveals an anti‐metastatic effect of Rujifang in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Li Hongliang , Lin Xuan , Zhu Xi , Chen Xuezhang , Wang Bin , Zhu Zhixia , Chen Xikang , Liang Guiwen , Zhang Jingtao , Wei Xunbin , Tian Huaqin
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is the most common cancer, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the highest metastasis and mortality rate among all breast cancer subtypes. Rujifang is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with many years of clinical application in breast cancer treatment. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of Rujifang on circulating tumor cell (CTC) dynamics and the tumor microenvironment in a ZsGreen/luciferase double‐labeled TNBC orthotopic model. We report that the number of CTCs monitored by in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) strongly correlates with disease progression. Rujifang treatment decreased the number of CTCs and suppressed the distant metastasis of TNBC. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Rujifang treatment could affect the tumor microenvironment by downregulating Kindlin‐1, which has been reported to promote metastasis of TNBC. Our study provides evidence of the anti‐metastatic effect of Rujifang against TNBC in an animal model using fluorescent cell lines. The results suggest the potential therapeutic value of Rujifang as an anti‐metastatic drug, however, further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings in humans.
Plexina4 and cell survival in the developing zebrafish hindbrain
Authors: Nurcombe Zachary W. , Hehr Carrie Lynn , McFarlane Sarah
Published: June 2023

Background

Growth factors are important in the developing and mature nervous system to support the survival of neurons. Developmental signaling molecules are known for their roles in controlling neurogenesis and neural circuit formation. Whether or not these molecules also have roles in cell survival in the developing nervous system is poorly understood. Plexins are a family of transmembrane receptors that bind Semaphorin ligands and are known to function in the guidance of developing axons and blood vessels.

Results

In embryonic zebrafish, plexina4 is expressed widely in the brain, becoming largely restricted to the hindbrain as neurogenesis and differentiation proceed. Apoptosis is increased in the embryonic hindbrain of a plexina4ca307/ca307 CRISPR mutant. Based on the literature, we tested the secreted heat shock protein, Clusterin, as a candidate ligand to mediate cell survival through Plexina4. clusterin is expressed by the floor plate of the embryonic zebrafish hindbrain, in proximity to plexina4‐expressing hindbrain cells. Morpholino‐mediated knockdown of Clusterin increases cell apoptosis in the hindbrain, with additional cell death observed in epistasis experiments where Clusterin is knocked down in a plexina4 mutant background.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that Plexina4 promotes cell survival in the developing zebrafish hindbrain, likely through a pathway independent of Clusterin.
Areas of high conservation value support specialist forest birds
Authors: Bakx Tristan R. M. , Green Martin , Akselsson Cecilia , Lindström Åke , Opedal Øystein H. , Smith Henrik G.
Published: June 2023

Scientists have deemed existing protected areas in European forests insufficient to halt and reverse biodiversity loss resulting from ongoing intensification of management. In Sweden, protected areas are therefore complemented with the so‐called areas of high conservation value (AHCVs), that is, landscapes encompassing both protected and assumed biodiversity‐valuable areas as well as surrounding land, where managers should pay increased attention to biodiversity. However, it is not known whether AHCVs are chosen so that the species they are intended to benefit inhabit such AHCVs to a higher degree. We investigated whether the occurrence and abundance of bird species that may be particularly vulnerable to intense forest management were higher in Swedish forest landscapes proposed as AHCVs compared with other forest landscapes. To this end, we fitted a joint species distribution model to bird count data for 70 forest bird species from a standardized Swedish bird monitoring scheme. Twelve of the 20 forest specialists (60%) were detected to occur more often inside AHCVs than outside, whereas no forest specialist was less likely to occur inside AHCVs. For forest generalists, the corresponding figures were 28% and 18%, respectively. Six of 15 red‐listed species (40%) were detectably more likely to occur inside AHCVs. The relationship between AHCV status of landscapes and the abundance of individual species was not as consistently negative or positive. The higher occurrence of specialists and threatened species inside AHCVs than outside of them suggests that if managed correctly, AHCVs are important habitat for a considerable part of the specialized forest avifauna in Sweden. We conclude that AHCVs represent an opportunity for designing green infrastructure benefitting Swedish forest biodiversity.
Adaptation of pathogens to their local plant host, Silphium integrifolium, along a precipitation gradient
Authors: Cassetta Eric , Peterson Kelsey , Bever James D. , Brandvain Yaniv , VanTassel David , Lubin Terra K. , Alexander Helen M. , Byers Diane L. , Schiffner Sydney , Turner Kathryn
Published: June 2023

Empirical evidence of the influence of climate on plant–pathogen coevolution is limited but crucial to understand, as anthropogenic pressures including fragmentation and climate change threaten biodiversity. In this study, we tested patterns of plant–pathogen coevolution using Silphium integrifolium Michx., a native tallgrass prairie species that is undergoing domestication, and its foliar pathogens. We collected seeds from four native prairie remnants from each of three regions along an east–west precipitation gradient in central North America and used these to create three common gardens in each region. In common gardens and remnant prairie populations, we measured symptoms of foliar disease (leaf rust and leaf blotch, both caused by fungal pathogens, and Silphium clear vein (SCV), which we have evidence is associated with a virus). While we did not observe greater disease in the East common garden, we did find that on average the East populations had greater resistance to disease than West populations, consistent with an evolutionary legacy of more rapid coevolution with high precipitation. We also found strong interactions between source region and region of planting for all diseases. The Silphium rust, caused by the specialist pathogen Puccinia silphii, was better able to infect plant populations from the same region. These patterns are consistent with local adaptation of specialist pathogens to their local hosts as expected from Red Queen dynamics. For the generalist fungal pathogen driving leaf blotch, we did not observe evidence of local adaptation. However, we observed a positive correlation in the average level of leaf blotch symptoms observed in individual populations in common gardens with the levels of disease in the S. integrifolium individuals in the prairie remnants of origin, consistent with S. integrifolium genetics determining symptoms in the field. Our results are consistent with pathogen ecology being a major driver of coevolutionary dynamics along productivity gradients. As S. integrifolium is being domesticated for oilseed production, our results identify distinct targets for resistance alleles in breeding efforts and can guide pathogen management strategies.
Natural climate solution potential in theASEANregion—Opportunity for investment in natural climate solution readiness in national climate policies with meaningful co‐benefits
Authors: Hibi Yasushi , Dublin Devon
Published: June 2023

Natural climate solutions (NCS) are attracting more attention as viable emissions reduction and removal options, especially from the private sector as more governments and corporations commit to carbon neutrality. Southeast Asia harbors as much as 42% of NCS potential through its vast extent of tropical ecosystems that are under threat. Blue carbon, in particular, provides great potential to the region, yet efforts to incorporate blue carbon into national climate policies of ASEAN member countries are weak. ASEAN may take full advantage of its NCS potentials as well as opportunities arising within the international carbon market by investing in the policy readiness for supplying NCS, including REDD+ and blue carbon, to carbon markets.
The Fieldwork Wellness Framework: a new approach to field research in ecology
Authors: Nordseth Anna E , Gerson Jacqueline R , Aguilar Lucrecia K , Dunham Amy E , Gentles Anecia , Neale Zoey , Rebol Erynn
Published: June 2023

Fieldwork is often an important aspect of research in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology (EECB), but individuals of marginalized identities are likely to experience compromised wellness. The responsibility for structurally changing fieldwork to improve experiences and outcomes falls on the entire EECB community. We propose a Fieldwork Wellness Framework to replace traditional fieldwork approaches, which are hazardous and ill‐suited to today's increasingly diverse EECB community and its goals. The purpose of this Framework is to prevent and manage risk while also promoting holistic well‐being for all field research participants. We outline nine facets of the Framework: acknowledge and address identity, create a code of conduct, promote and practice self‐care, form local connections, use support structures in decision making, host and attend trainings, address financial concerns, enact emergency plans, and debrief. By centering wellness in the planning and performing of fieldwork, EECB can cultivate a more diverse, equitable, inclusive, healthy, and productive community.
The STARS Project: A practical professional development program for higher education professionals who serve military‐connected students
Authors: Wheeler Holly A.
Published: June 2023

College campuses are accustomed to serving various populations and typically offer professional development for faculty and staff to assist those students. However, most institutions do not offer specific professional training targeted toward serving military‐connected students—those students who have previously served in the US military, are currently serving, or those who are using benefits from a parent or spouse. This population is very different from the others on campus, and campuses need to do more to assist them reach their academic goals. The Supporting Transitioning and Returning Service Members (STARS) Project provides a research‐based, timely, and sustainable professional development program that is fully transferable and applicable to all institutions of higher education.

Practical Takeaways

Military‐connected students are a diverse group of students on campus who have very different needs than their peers; it is incumbent upon colleges and universities to assist them with the transition experiences and provide them the support they need to be successful.

Most institutions of higher education do not offer specific training regarding how to best support military‐connected students; those that do often adapt an existing training without fully addressing the needs of this special group.

Incorporating research, best practices, experts, and students, the Supporting Transitioning and Returning Service Members (STARS) Project is an original and comprehensive training program institutions can use as a template in order to best serve their military‐connected student population.
Immunotherapy response in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck with cranial nerve involvement
Authors: Lopetegui‐Lia Nerea , Dima Danai , Buchberger David Scott , Yalamanchali Anirudh , Osantowski Bennett , Ondeck Mariah , Lorenz Robert Roman , Prendes Brandon , Ku Jamie , Lamarre Eric , Scharpf Joseph , Silver Natalie Lea , Schwartzman Larisa , Geiger Jessica Lyn , Woody Neil McIver , Campbell Shauna Rosalie , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Yilmaz Emrullah
Published: June 2023

Background

Metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can be treated with immunotherapy (IO). Cranial nerve involvement (CNI) is uncommon in cSCC and is a poor prognostic factor. Our aim is to describe how patients with CNI respond to IO monotherapy and/or as an adjunct to RT.

Methods

Under an IRB approved protocol, patients with histologically proven cSCC of the head and neck with CNI treated with IO were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Twelve patients were included and received cemiplimab or pembrolizumab. Eight patients had CNI at diagnosis, and 4 at time of recurrence after non‐IO therapy. Best responses were complete response (1), partial response (7), stable disease (1), progressive disease (2), and pending response (1). Nine patients are alive, 6 of which remain on IO.

Conclusions

In this cohort, IO showed clinical response in 83% of patients, indicating IO can be an effective monotherapy, reserving RT for instances of local failure after IO.
Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca)‐derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate depression by promoting 5‐HT synthesis via the modulation of gut–brain axis
Authors: Hong Rui , Luo Lan , Wang Liang , Hu Zhao‐Li , Yin Qi‐Rong , Li Ming , Gu Bin , Wang Bin , Zhuang Tao , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Zhou Yuan , Wang Wan , Huang Lin‐Yan , Gu Bing , Qi Su‐Hua
Published: June 2023

Depression is a common and debilitating condition for which effective treatments are needed. Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca) is a plant with potential medicinal effects in treating depression. Recently, there has been growing interest in plant‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their low toxicity and ability to transport to human cells. Targeting the gut–brain axis, a novel strategy for depression management, may be achieved through the use of Maca‐derived EVs (Maca‐EVs). In this study, we successfully isolated Maca‐EVs using gradient ultracentrifugation and characterized their shape, size, and markers (CD63 and TSG101). The in vivo imaging showed that the Dil‐labeled Maca‐EVs crossed the brain–blood barrier and accumulated in the brain. The behavioral tests revealed that Maca‐EVs dramatically recovered the depression‐like behaviors of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice. UCMS mice fecal were characterized by an elevated abundance of g_Enterococcus, g_Lactobacillus, and g_Escherichia_Shigella, which were significantly restored by administration of Maca‐EVs. The effects of Maca‐EVs on the altered microbial and fecal metabolites in UCMS mice were mapped to biotin, pyrimidine, and amino acid (tyrosine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate) metabolisms, which were closely associated with the serotonin (5‐HT) production. Maca‐EVs were able to increase serum monoamine neurotransmitter levels in UCMS mice, with 5‐HT showing the most significant changes. We further demonstrated that 5‐HT improved the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, a key regulator of neuronal plasticity, and its subsequent activation of TrkB/p‐AKT signaling by regulating the GTP‐Cdc42/ERK pathway. These findings suggest that Maca‐EVs enhance 5‐HT release, possibly by modulating the gut–brain axis, to improve depression behavior. Our study sheds light on a novel approach to depression treatment using plant‐derived EVs.
Advanced neuroimaging in the fetal brain: An update on technical advances and clinical findings
Authors: Ren Jingya , Dong Suzhen
Published: June 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to provide detailed information regarding fetal brain development in utero. Conventional T1‐and T2‐weighted sequences provide anatomical details of the normal brain and demonstrate brain lesions. In addition to providing highly detailed qualitative assessments of fetal brain development, advanced MRI methods such as three‐dimensional high‐resolution MRI, diffusion MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI can provide quantitative morphologic assessments of tissue microstructure and functional activity. This review aims to describe normal fetal brain development and highlight current state‐of‐the‐art MRI sequences for fetal neuroimaging. We focus on current clinical applications which can provide a better understanding of in utero impairments in fetal brain development.
Osteoclast microRNA Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis to Capture the Erosive Factor
Authors: Hoang Dong Nguyen , Audrey Lortie , Leopold Mbous Nguimbus , Javier Marrugo , Hugues Allard‐Chamard , Luigi Bouchard , Gilles Boire , Scott Michelle S , Sophie Roux
Published: June 2023

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), only a subset of patients develop irreversible bone destruction. Our aim was to identify a microRNA (miR)‐based osteoclast‐related signature predictive of erosiveness in RA. Seventy‐six adults with erosive (E) or nonerosive (NE) seropositive RA and 43 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Twenty‐five miRs from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐derived osteoclasts selected from RNA‐Seq (discovery cohort) were assessed by qPCR (replication cohort), as were 33 target genes (direct targets or associated with regulated pathways). The top five miRs found differentially expressed in RA osteoclasts were either decreased (hsa‐miR‐34a‐3p, 365b‐3p, 374a‐3p, and 511‐3p [E versus NE]) or increased (hsa‐miR‐193b‐3p [E versus controls]). In vitro, inhibition of miR‐34a‐3p had an impact on osteoclast bone resorption. An integrative network analysis of miRs and their targets highlighted correlations between mRNA and miR expression, both negative (CD38, CD80, SIRT1) and positive (MITF), and differential gene expression between NE versus E (GXYLT1, MITF) or versus controls (CD38, KLF4). Machine‐learning models were used to evaluate the value of miRs and target genes, in combination with clinical data, to predict erosion. One model, including a set of miRs (predominantly 365b‐3p) combined with rheumatoid factor titer, provided 70% accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.66). Adding genes directly targeted or belonging to related pathways improved the predictive power of the model for the erosive phenotype (78% accuracy, AUC 0.85). This proof‐of‐concept study indicates that identification of RA subjects at risk of erosions may be improved by studying miR expression in PBMC‐derived osteoclasts, suggesting novel approaches toward personalized treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Seven key insights from critical realism and their implications for ecological thinking and action in community psychology
Authors: Brunson Liesette , Lauzier‐Jobin François , Olson Brad , Côté Louis‐Philippe
Published: June 2023

This article explores some of the possible links between community psychology and critical realism, a relatively new approach to the philosophy of science that has received little attention from community psychologists. Critical realism is presented in relation to seven key insights that can be linked to fundamental tenets of the ecological approach in community psychology. These insights are: (1) A complex reality exists independently of our ideas about it, and this reality is knowable, although imperfectly. (2) Reality is composed of a complex and stratified hierarchy of open systems. (3) Causality is best understood in terms of causal processes that may or may not be directly observable or generalizable; these processes involve complex interactions among generative mechanisms and contextual conditions. (4) Theory and theorizing about causal processes are central to both scientific explanation and practical action. (5) Theory exists at multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from models to metatheory. (6) A diversity of methods can provide evidence in the search for causal processes operating in context. (7) As social scientists, we have an obligation to use social science knowledge to promote human flourishing. Although these insights may be familiar to many community psychologists who adopt an ecological approach to their work, we suggest that clearly articulating these principles can provide more solid foundations for inquiry in the field. We conclude the article by highlighting how critical realism may help to bridge the research‐practice gap in community psychology and similar social sciences.
Soil organic carbon dynamics shift by incorporating wheat straw in paddy soil in China
Authors: Dai Wei , Fan Yuchuan , Cao Luqi , Cao Linkui , Sha Zhimin
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of unfertilized control (CK), mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK), NPK plus medium‐rate wheat straw (MSNPK), and NPK plus high‐rate wheat straw (HSNPK) on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and C‐cycle enzymes at distinct depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm) in paddy soil. The SOC content at 0–50 cm depth ranged from 8.50 to 21.15 g kg−1, following the trend HSNPK > MSNPK > NPK > CK. Correspondingly, the content of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and easily oxidizable carbon (EOC) ranged from 0.08 to 0.27 g kg−1, 0.11 to 0.53 g kg−1, 1.48 to 8.29 g kg−1, and 3.25 to 7.33 g kg−1, respectively, and HSNPK exhibited the highest values for these parameters among all treatments and soil depths, with significant differences observed compared to NPK and CK (p < 0.05). The cellulase activity of HSNPK was significantly (p < 0.05) higher by 6.12%–13.30% compared to the CK at 0–30 cm depth; while the activity of invertase and β‐glucosidase of HSNPK were significantly (p < 0.05) higher by 34.09%–433.43% and 26.61%–130.50%, respectively, compared to the CK at 0–50 cm depth. Enzyme activities were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with SOC fractions and the dominant factors driving changes in enzyme activities were WSOC, POC, and EOC. HSNPK was associated with the highest SOC fractions and enzyme activities, indicating that it was the most favorable management practice for promoting soil quality in rice paddy fields.
Large‐scale heparin‐based bind‐and‐elute chromatography identifies two biologically distinct populations of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Zhou Yijun , Yuan Runjie , Cone Allaura S. , Shifflett Kyle W. , Arias Gabriel F. , Peng Alice , Chambers Meredith G. , McNamara Ryan P. , Willcox Smaranda , Landis Justin T. , Pan Yue , Griffith Jack , Dittmer Dirk P.
Published: June 2023

Purifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been challenging because EVs are heterogeneous in cargo yet share similar sizes and densities. Most surface marker‐based affinity separation methods are limited to research or diagnostic scales. We report that heparin chromatography can separate purified EVs into two distinct subpopulations as ascertained by MS/MS: a non‐heparin‐binding (NHB) fraction that contains classical EV markers such as tetraspanins and a heparin‐binding (HB) fraction enriched in fibronectins and histones. Both fractions were similarly fusogenic but induced different transcriptional responses in endothelial cells. While EVs that were purified by conventional, non‐affinity methods alone induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ki67, the NHB fraction did not. This result suggests heparin chromatography as an additional novel fractionation step that is inherently scalable, does not lead to loss of material, and separates inflammatory and pyrogenic EVs from unreactive EVs, which will improve clinical applications.