bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Defining Moment: Land Charters and the Post-Emancipation Agrarian Settlement in Russia, 1861-1863
Authors: Wildman Allan K.
Published: November 2011

Although standard works on the Emancipation of 1861, Russian and Western, reveal that the division of land and other resources between erstwhile masters and serfs was to be laid down in land charters (ustavnye gramoty) and brokered by newly appointed peace mediators, little attention has been devoted to the texts of the documents and the "negotiating" process that led to their finalization.• Soviet scholars have, however, devoted much attention to those terms that served as indicators of the massive expropriation of lands formerly in peasant use through the system of socalled cutoffs (otrezki), a notion backed by Lenin's unimpeachable authority. In 1958, P. A. Zaionchkovskii devoted an entire monograph to the question based not only on his own investigations but also those of his students (2,457 charters from sixteen uezdy or provincial districts) and other scholars, most notably B. G. Litvak (with S. S. Phillipov) on the province of Moscow (3,025 charters).
The Logic of Russian Presidentialism: Institutions and Democracy in Postcommunism
Authors: Nichols Thomas M.
Published: November 2011

This study began as an investigation into the proverbial "dog that didn't bark," that failure of intuition which often opens the most interesting avenues of inquiry. In this case, the silent dog was an authoritarian Russian Federation: from 1991 onward, there was widespread expectation that it would be only a matter of time before Russia fell back into old habits, and that the experiment with democracy would be little more than an odd footnote in an otherwise unbroken record of autocracy. I am forced to admit that I was part of this chorus of pessimism, and in late 1993-despite the fact that I felt Y eltsin was right to crush the attempted coup of Ruslan Khasbulatov and Aleksandr Rutskoi-I expected little more than that Russia would then descend into some kind of muddled and mild authoritarianism.
1504.	The Rise and Fall of “the Extraordinary Measures,” January –June, 1928: Toward a Reexamination of the Onset of the Stalin Revolution
Authors: Manning Roberta T.
Published: November 2011

''The extraordinary measures" is a phrase frequently encountered in scholarly literature to describe the onset of mandatory grain procurements in the USSR at the end of 1927 and the first tentative steps toward the collectivization of agriculture.' Newly declassified archival materials, however, indicate that the extraordinary measures entailed more than a change in economic policy. Rather, contemporaries applied this label to the first of a series of mass police operations, that is, mass arrest campaigns undertaken by OGPU, the Soviet political police, against the countryside in the prewar years. The extraordinary measures thus heralded the onset of Stalin's Terror.
Preventive Therapy: The Neoclassical Gradualist Model of Transition from Central Administration to Market Relations
Authors: Marangos John
Published: November 2011

The fundamental basis of the neoclassical gradualist approach to transition in Russia and Eastern Europe was to establish economic, institutional, political, and ideological structures before attempting liberalization. Without this minimum foundation, radical reforms would have inhibited the development of a competitive market capitalist system. This was because "privatization, marketization, and the introduction of competition cannot be contemplated in an economy reduced to barter" (Carrington 1992, 24). Also, implementation of the reform program required minimum standards ofliving; otherwise the social fabric of the whole society would have been at risk. The reform had to foster a social consensus that endorsed a system of secure private property rights (Murrell, 1995, 171) and had to be guided by the principles of voluntariness and free choice (Kornai, 1992b, 17).
Trials and Tribulations of Learning the Market: Culture and Economic Practice in Russia’s Market Transition
Authors: Hass Jeffrey K.
Published: November 2011

Russia’s post-Soviet market transition has involved chaos, confl ict, and confusion in all aspects of economic life. Few analyses attempt to include an examination of culture and its role in the construction of post socialist economic practices, procedures, and institutions. Drawing on insights from economic sociology, I argue that culture—path-dependent practices, categories, and assumptions of normality—shaped reactions and responses to changes in legislation and structure. Further, adaptation and change in these practices, categories, and assumptions were inhibited by decoupling (the difference between change in laws or rules and in real practice). Decoupling had two roots incomplete learning because of the persistence of older habits and practices; and resistance to the imposition of new practices. I explore economic culture and these forms of decoupling and cultural change by examining change in two logics of business: logics of production and sales (incomplete learning), and logics of value (resistance).
Bmi and Gender do not Influence Surgical Accuracy during Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Von Roth Philipp , Olivier Markus , Preininger Bernd , Perka Carsten , Hube Robert
Published: November 2011

We investigated the accuracy of implant positioning during total hip arthroplasty (THA) through a minimally invasive approach in relation to body mass index (BMI) and gender by assessing 48 patients. Functional and radiological parameters were evaluated.

BMI positively correlated with operation time (p=0.04), but BMI and gender had no influence on implant positioning. The Harris hip score (HHS) increased significantly (46.5±11.8 preoperatively, 92.1±9.7 postoperatively, p<0.0001).

The surgical approach described resulted in reproducibility of implant positioning independent of influence by BMI or gender.
Construction of 1,2,5‐Tricarbonyl Compounds using Methyl Cyanoacetate as a Glyoxylate Anion Synthon Combined with Copper(I) Iodide‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: November 2011

A practical and efficient synthesis of various 1,2,5‐tricarbonyl compounds is described. The synthesis has been carried out by a conjugate addition of methyl cyanoacetate to the β‐position of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and a subsequent copper(I) iodide‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation. In addition, various α‐aryl‐ and α‐alkyl‐α‐keto esters have been synthesized using a similar approach.
Kinetic Analysis of Terminal and Unactivated CH Bond Oxyfunctionalization in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Monooxygenase‐Based Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis
Authors: Schrewe Manfred , Magnusson Anders O. , Willrodt Christian , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas
Published: November 2011

The alkane monooxygenase AlkBGT from Pseudomonas putida GPo1 constitutes a versatile enzyme system for the ω‐oxyfunctionalization of medium chain‐length alkanes. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli W3110 expressing alkBGT was investigated as whole‐cell catalyst for the regioselective biooxidation of fatty acid methyl esters to terminal alcohols. The ω‐functionalized products are of general economic interest, serving as building blocks for polymer synthesis. The whole‐cell catalysts proved to functionalize fatty acid methyl esters with a medium length alkyl chain specifically at the ω‐position. The highest specific hydroxylation activity of 104 U gCDW−1 was obtained with nonanoic acid methyl ester as substrate using resting cells of E. coli W3110 (pBT10). In an optimized set‐up, maximal 9‐hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester yields of 95% were achieved. For this specific substrate, apparent whole‐cell kinetic parameters were determined with a Vmax of 204±9 U gCDW−1, a substrate uptake constant (KS) of 142±17 μM, and a specificity constant Vmax/KS of 1.4 U gCDW−1 μM−1 for the formation of the terminal alcohol. The same E. coli strain carrying additional alk genes showed a different substrate selectivity. A comparison of biocatalysis with whole cells and enriched enzyme preparations showed that both substrate availability and enzyme specificity control the efficiency of the whole‐cell bioconversion of the longer and more hydrophobic substrate dodecanoic acid methyl ester. The efficient coupling of redox cofactor oxidation and product formation, as determined in vitro, combined with the high in vivo activities make E. coli W3110 (pBT10) a promising biocatalyst for the preparative synthesis of terminally functionalized fatty acid methyl esters.
Efficient synthesis of 4‐heteroaryl‐substituted triphenylamine derivatives via a ligand‐free Suzuki reaction
Authors: Liu Chun , Wu Yonghua , Han Na , Qiu Jieshan
Published: November 2011

This paper reports an efficient synthesis of 4‐heteroaryl‐substituted triphenylamine derivatives via the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki reaction of heteroaryl halides with 4‐(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid in ethylene glycol under ligand‐free and aerobic conditions. These derivatives are important structural motifs for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells and organic electroluminescence materials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ponts habités – Teil europäischer Brückenbaukultur
Authors: Vockrodt Hans‐Jörg
Published: November 2011

Die bewohnten und bebauten Brücken sind bis auf denkmalgeschützte Ausnahmen weitestgehend aus unserem heutigen Stadtbild verschwunden. Dieser Beitrag soll an vergangene und noch bestehende Bauwerke einschließlich damit verbundener menschlicher Schicksale und Begegnungen als Teil der europäischen Brückenbaukultur erinnern.

Ponts habités – a part of European bridge‐building culture. Apart from a few exceptions listed as national monuments, habitable bridges – bridges incorporating houses and shops – have largely disappeared from our present cityscapes. This article aims to recall past and present structures and the human fates and encounters associated with them as a part of European bridge‐building culture.
Prüfung und Bewertung des Verbundes von Beschichtungssystemen in Kühlturminnenschalen
Authors: Heine Peer
Published: November 2011

Naturzugkühltürme sind in jeder Hinsicht außergewöhnliche Bauwerke. Aufgrund der enormen Oberfläche in Verbindung mit vielfältigen Einwirkungen aus Umgebung und Betrieb ist ein besonderer Schutz der Kühlturminnenschalen notwendig. Dieser wird durch die Applikation spezieller kunstharzgebundener Beschichtungssysteme erreicht, so dass eine hohe Dauerhaftigkeit der Stahlbetonstruktur und damit eine entsprechende Wirtschaftlichkeit über die Lebensdauer erreicht wird. Um den Erfolg der Beschichtungsmaßnahme hinsichtlich Materialeigenschaften und Applikation zu gewährleisten, sind umfangreiche Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen etabliert worden, wozu vor allem die Prüfung der erreichten Trockenschichtdicke und der Haftung des Systems gehören.

Trotzdem gibt es gewisse Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der Gewinnung der Daten am Objekt, die von einer sehr großen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Parameter abhängt. Dies führt besonders bei so exponierten Bauwerken wie Naturzugkühltürmen häufig zu Diskussionen und unterschiedlichen Auslegungen der erzielten Ergebnisse.
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into tubular epithelial‐like cells in vitro
Authors: Wan Jian‐Xin , Zou Zhen‐Huan , You Dan‐Yu , Cui Jiong , Pan Yang‐Bin
Published: November 2011

The possibility of differentiating bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into tubular epithelial‐like cells is explored in vitro. Purified BMSCs from Sprague–Dawley rats were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. Third generation BMSCs were divided into six groups and were cultured under different conditions. The expression of alkaline phosphatase and cytokeratin (CK)‐18 protein was detected through staining and immunocytochemistry, respectively, and the expression of E‐cadherin proteins was recorded through immunofluorescence. Some cells in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) groups turned positive, whereas the positive cells in the combined group significantly increased compared with the other groups. Compared with the control group, the positive expression rates of CK‐18 in the I/R, ATRA, EGF, BMP‐7 and the combined group were 11·50% ± 3·84%, 27·40% ± 2·70%, 29·60% ± 4·51%, 26·80% ± 5·00% and 44·00% ± 3·16%, respectively, and CK‐18 mRNA expression in the combined group was obviously higher than that in the other groups (P < 0·01). Immunofluorescence detection showed that E‐cadherin expression was not detectable in the control group, whereas the positive expression rates of E‐cadherin in the I/R, ATRA, EGF, BMP‐7 and the combined group were 6·75% ± 2·13%, 16·40% ± 2·69%, 18·25% ± 3·50%, 16·06% ± 2·00% and 30·26% ± 5·16%, respectively. The addition of ATRA, EGF and BMP‐7 induces BMSCs differentiation into tubular epithelial‐like cells in stimulated acute renal failure microenvironment in vitro. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel application characterization with quantitative metrics
Authors: van Amesfoort Alexander S. , Varbanescu Ana Lucia , Sips Henk J.
Published: November 2011

When computer architects reinvented parallelism through multi‐core processors, application parallelization became a problem. Now that multi‐cores have penetrated from handhelds to supercomputers, parallelization becomes a large‐scale challenge. A lot of research is going into compiler improvements, language extensions, frameworks and application/platform case studies. Whereas fairly successful, these solutions are based on experimental tools, trial‐and‐error, and expert knowledge, and do not bring multi‐core programming into reach for the whole software industry. We believe that the challenge of “mass parallelization” must be tackled more systematically. Development begins at application specification and algorithm design, followed by application characterization with trade‐offs in parallelization strategies and data layouts. Only with a proper software design, implementation and optimization can start. In this article, we focus on quantitative application characterization for such a systematic approach. We introduce a set of metrics to characterize applications and show how they can be used. We present our interpretation of the results and suggest ways to use them to guide design decisions. We conclude that metrics can be used to understand applications and design decisions early on. Therefore, this characterization brings us closer to effective parallel applications development for multi‐core processors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coating and release of an anti‐inflammatory hormone from PLGA microspheres for tissue engineering
Authors: Go Dewi P. , Palmer Jason A. , Gras Sally L. , O'Connor Andrea J.
Published: November 2011

Many biomaterials used in tissue engineering cause a foreign body response in vivo, which left untreated can severely reduce the effectiveness of tissue regeneration. In this study, an anti‐inflammatory hormone α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) was physically adsorbed to the surface of biodegradable poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres to reduce inflammatory responses to this material. The stability and adsorption isotherm of peptide binding were characterized. The peptide secondary structure was not perturbed by the adsorption and subsequent desorption process. The α‐MSH payload was released over 72 h and reduced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, indicating that the biological activity of α‐MSH was preserved. α‐MSH coated PLGA microspheres also appeared to reduce the influx of inflammatory cells in a subcutaneous implantation model in rats. This study demonstrates the potential of α‐MSH coatings for anti‐inflammatory delivery and this approach may be applied to other tissue engineering applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
A Novel Characterization Method for Graft‐Polymer Structures Chemically Attached on Thermally Stable Polymer Films
Authors: Enomoto Kazuyuki , Takahashi Shuichi , Maekawa Yasunari
Published: November 2011

Most polymer grafts in grafted polymer films obtained by radiation‐induced solid graft polymerization are not analyzed in detail due to difficulties in isolation of the grafts without structural decomposition. Herein, a novel structural and molecular weight characterization method is reported for polymer grafts that are chemically attached to thermally and chemically stable polymer substrates, based on a swelling‐induced graft detachment in hot water. Polymer grafts prepared by the radiation‐induced polymerization of alkyl acrylate into poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) followed by a sulfonation reaction are found to have a ternary copolymer structure whose monomer units contain –COOH or –SO3H groups, or both.
Complexity of column generation in network design with path‐based survivability mechanisms
Authors: Orlowski Sebastian , Pióro Michał
Published: November 2011

This survey deals with computational complexity of column generation problems arising in the design of survivable communication networks. Such problems are often modeled as linear programs based on noncompact multicommodity flow network formulations. These formulations involve an exponential number of path‐flow variables, and therefore require column generation to be solved to optimality. We consider several path‐based protection and restoration mechanisms and present results, both known and new, on the complexity of the corresponding column generation (also called pricing) problems. We discuss results for the case of single link or single node failures scenarios, and extend the considerations to multiple link failures. Further, we classify the design problems corresponding to different survivability mechanisms according to the structure of their pricing problem. Eventually, we show that almost all the encountered pricing problems are hard to solve for scenarios admitting multiple failures, while a great deal of them are
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{NP}\end{align*} \end{document}
‐hard already for single failure scenarios. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Spectroscopic Study of DNA Hydrolysis, DNA Intercalative, and Electrostatic Interaction Activity Exerted by Drug Based Coordination Compounds
Authors: Patel Mohan N. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Dosi Promise A.
Published: November 2011

Our work emphasized on synthesizing and characterizing neutral mononuclear copper(II) complexes with second generation fluoroquinolone drug ciprofloxacin (CFL) and some bipyridine derivatives (An) of type [Cu(CFL)(An)Cl]·2H2O. The DNA binding free energies were evaluated by studying the effect of salt concentrations on DNA binding. DNA interactions were investigated by using DNA melting temperature studies, viscosity measurements, absorption titration, and gel electrophoresis experiments. Also superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity (IC50 values) and antibacterial activity of metal complexes were studied. To validate the proper mechanistic pathway for plasmid DNA cleavage, gel electrophoresis experiments were carried out in presence of radical scavenging agents. The bactericidal activity of metal complexes was evaluated in terms of colony forming unit.
An Iron Age Bronze Mirror from Aston, Hertfordshire
Authors: Rook Tony , Lowery P. R. , Savage R. D. A. , Wilkins R. L.
Published: November 2011

The Aston mirror plate and its handle were found in ploughsoil, but were derived from a cremation burial which included two pottery vessels tentatively dated in the first century A.D. The area in which the discovery was made shows considerable activity in the Belgic and Romano-British periods. A detailed examination of the mirror, using, inter alia, light-section photomicrography, enables an attempt to be made to group the known mirrors using criteria derived from the techniques employed in the decoration; the Aston mirror falls into an East Anglian Ridge/Chiltern group.
Some New Light on the Career of Laurence Nowell the Antiquary
Authors: Black Pamela M.
Published: November 2011

It has long been thought that Laurence Nowell, Dean of Lichfield and Laurence Nowell, antiquary and tutor in the household of Sir William Cecil, were one and the same person. However, evidence embodied in a Court of Requests Case of 1571 has recently given rise to doubts as to whether the dean and antiquary were, indeed, one. A re-examination of evidence already known and the discovery of some new documents sheds further light on the career of Laurence Nowell, antiquary, and tends to substantiate the claim that the dean and antiquary should be ‘separated’. The evidence remains inconclusive but the reputation of Laurence Nowell, antiquary, as a scholar and cartographer suffers in no way from the possibility that he may not have been Dean of Lichfield.
Micaceous Sigillata From Lezoux At Silchester, Caerleon, and Other Sites
Authors: Boon George C.
Published: November 2011

In 1937 Dr. Felix Oswald contributed a paper to the Journal of Roman Studies entitled ‘Carinated bowls (Form 29) from Lezoux’. Twenty years previously James Curie had published a paper in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland which described and illustrated inter alia some early Lezoux decorated ware in the celebrated Plicque collection at the Musée des Antiquités Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
Central Gaulish Samian Mould Fragments: (Third Series)
Authors: Detsicas A. P.
Published: November 2011

A further selection of twenty-eight fragments of samian moulds, originally found by Plicque at Lezoux and formerly belonging to the Oswald–Plicque Collection, is discussed in this paper; like their predecessors, all these fragments are now preserved in the Birley Collection, at the Department of Archaeology, University of Durham.
The Animal-Headed Torc from Vieille-Toulouse
Authors: Megaw J. V. S.
Published: November 2011

The bronze animal-headed torc from Vieille-Toulouse, Haute Garonne, which forms part of the Morel Collection now in the British Museum (pls. xl a–b; xli a; fig. 1; diameter 14 cm.), has been but briefly mentioned in print by Jacobsthal, Morel himself, and others and little attention has been paid to its possible stylistic affiliations; the following notes attempt to fill the gap.
The Wall-Painting at Idsworth, Hampshire, Reconsidered
Authors: Edwards John
Published: November 2011

The chapel of St. Hubert, Idsworth, Hants, has a fourteenth-century wall-painting, on the north wall of the chancel, which is in two tiers, the upper representing a hunting scene on the left and, on the right, the first of a series of episodes from the life of a saint, which latter are concluded in the lower tier. Though this painting has received critical attention since 1864, there has not been agreement on its interpretation. The present article adduces fresh evidence which supports the opinion of the late Professor F. Wormald, expressed in the Antiquaries Journal for 1945, that the left-hand side of the upper tier represents a scene from the legend of the hairy anchorite, followed by episodes from the last days of St. John the Baptist, and suggests what may be the literary origin, foreseen, but not identified, by Wormald, of the connection between these two subjects.
A Samian Bowl by the Potter Belsa, and an Arretine Vessel, from Canterbury
Authors: Detsicas A. P.
Published: November 2011

The bowl of samian ware, which is discussed here (fig. 2), was found in 1906 at the Recreation Ground, Canterbury, and is preserved in the collections of the Royal Museum, Canterbury. Originally in fragmentary condition, it has been completely restored, except for one or two small pieces.

Of Form 37, it bears the retrograde signature BIILSAM in a small label (fig. 1). The glaze and relief are in fairly good condition, but some of the figure-types and borders are badly squashed, probably owing to the worn condition of the mould in which this vessel was made.
Excavations at Winchester 1962–63: Second Interim Report
Authors: Biddle Martin
Published: November 2011

One result of the excavations in Winchester in 1961 was the formation in 1962 of the Winchester Excavations Committee. The city is at present passing through a period of intensive rebuilding and development which offers many opportunities for archaeological research. Moreover, the 1961 excavations had directed attention to the problems of Winchester's Saxon minsters and the Dean and Chapter were willing to allow excavation near the cathedral. With these opportunities in view, the committee was formed to undertake excavations, both in advance of building projects, and on sites not so threatened, aimed at studying the development of Winchester as a town from its earliest origins to the establishment of the modern city. The centre of interest is the city itself, not any one period of its past, nor any one part of its remains. But we can hope that this approach will in particular throw light upon the end of the Roman city and on the establishment and development of the Saxon town, problems as vital to our understanding of urban development in this country, as they are difficult to solve. Further, it is essential to this approach that the study and interpretation of the documentary evidence should go hand in hand with archaeological research, for the existence of documentary materials greatly enhances the possibilities of interpretation inherent in the archaeological results, and vice versa.
The Remains of the Cathedral of Bishop Jocelin at Glasgow (c. 1197)
Authors: Radford C. A. Ralegh , Stones E. L. G.
Published: November 2011

For a building of such importance and interest, the cathedral of Glasgow has attracted remarkably little attention from archaeologists during the last half century. Many students outside Scotland perhaps do not realize that Glasgow possesses the only cathedral of the Scottish mainland to survive virtually intact from the middle ages, nor that its history is (by Scottish standards) relatively well documented, because of the fortunate survival of a quantity of records ranging from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. We may hope that the time is not too far distant when a full archaeological and constitutional study of the cathedral may be undertaken. In the meantime there is room for some briefer studies of particular problems. The present article attempts to put together what can be discovered about the immediate predecessor of the present building: i.e. the church of Bishop Jocelin. Most of what has previously been written on this subject is scattered, and now rather inaccessible. It will be useful to present the evidence afresh; and if there is nothing entirely new to be said, students of twelfth-century architecture outside Scotland may still find that the facts are not without interest for them.
The Archaeological Investigation of Hadstock Church, Essex: An Interim Report
Authors: Rodwell Warwick
Published: November 2011

Total excavation of the nave, crossing, and transepts of Hadstock church in 1974, together with a detailed examination of parts of the upstanding fabric, revealed that this well-known Anglo-Saxon building is not a single-period structure, as has long been assumed. Three periods of Anglo-Saxon work are now known, the earliest of which probably belongs to the pre-Danish era: it comprised a large, five-cell cruciform church which, it is suggested, may be part of the seventh-century monastery founded by St. Botolph, at Icanho. Rebuilding on a monumental scale took place in the early eleventh century and the possibility is discussed that this was Canute's minster, dedicated in 1020. The church was extensively repaired in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, following the collapse of the central tower. Subsequently the decline in the size and importance of Hadstock as a village saved the church from further extensive alteration.
A Distinctive Form of La Tène Barrow in Eastern Yorkshire and on the Continent
Authors: Stead I. M.
Published: November 2011

Bronze Age and Iron Age burials are occasionally surrounded by ditches which are, in origin at any rate, functional in that they serve as quarries for the material used in the mound. Such ditches may also have had some ritual significance, particularly those which are covered by the body of the mound. Further proof that they were not always functional is given by barrows whose ditches form a square, which is obviously not the easiest way to make a quarry for a circular barrow. Square-ditched barrows must be carefully distinguished from barrows within secondary square inclosures connected with plantations or land inclosure; however, there is a considerable number whose squared ditches are clearly original, and these can be shown to be a feature of the La Tène culture.
The Anvils of Bronze Age Europe
Authors: Ehrenberg Margaret R.
Published: November 2011

About three dozen bronze anvils are known from Bronze Age Europe. They are small in size, probably indicating that they were used for delicate work. Simple, Beaked and Complex forms are distinguished, based on the presence of special features such as work surfaces, beaks, swages and punching holes, which were used in various processes of manufacture and decoration of small bronze and gold artefacts. The anvils are widely distributed throughout north-west Europe, and dated examples belong to the later Middle and Late Bronze Age (c. 1200–700 B.C.). Thirty-six anvils are catalogued and briefly described.
The Conservation of the St. John Monument at Lydiard Tregoze, Wilts
Authors: Carne B. , Green John A.
Published: November 2011

Mr. John A. Green undertook the exacting conservation of the tomb of Sir John St. John, 1st Baronet, d. 1648, in Lydiard Tregoze Church, Wiltshire. The article indicates the extent of the work done, which involved the complete rebuilding of the monument. The Revd. B. G. Carne places the monument in the setting of the life of Sir John, and suggests that it deserves to rank very highly in any list of our monumental inheritance from the seventeenth century.
The Ruined Church of Stone-by-Faversham: Second Report
Authors: Fletcher  , Meates G. W.
Published: November 2011

Further work was undertaken in the nave of the ruined church at Stone-by-Faversham in 1971–2 as part of the programme of its consolidation as an Ancient Monument by the Department of the Environment. Evidence was found for a pre-Conquest stone nave, itself possibly preceded by a timber nave; the stone nave was extended westwards in the twelfth or thirteenth century. West of the pre-Conquest nave there were traces of a Roman building distinct from the Roman mausoleum incorporated in the chancel of the church. The dating evidence of Roman and Saxon coins and pottery is discussed.
The Excavation of a Multiple Round Barrow at Barnack, Cambridgeshire 1974–1976
Authors: Donaldson Peter , Kinnes I. A. , Wells Calvin
Published: November 2011

A multiple round barrow with three ditches and a double circle of stakes. The first phase was a bowl barrow with a buried inner ditch and a Beaker primary accompanied by a fine group of grave goods; the second phase was a ditchless refurbishing with a stake revetted mound for a cremation; the third phase was a bell barrow with an outer bank for an unaccompanied inhumation. There were at least twenty-two inhumations and one cremation interred over a time span of the order of 350 years.
Dragonby: An Interim Report on Excavations on an Iron Age and Romano-British Site near Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, 1964–9
Authors: May Jeffrey
Published: November 2011

The development of open-cast ironstone mining has made necessary emergency excavations on an apparently undefended Iron Age and Romano-British settlement of at least 20 acres, situated immediately near the Jurassic Way six miles south of the Humber estuary. In the Iron Age, the site was characterized by complex ditch systems and small irregular gullies, and only two huts, both circular, have been located in an excavated area of 1.7 acres. The main occupation probably began around 100 B.C. with an Iron B pottery assemblage. The sequence continued, apparently without abrupt break, into an Iron C assemblage very closely related to the ‘Aylesford—Swarling Culture’ of the Thames estuary region. More marked modification early in the first century A.D., most clearly defined by the introduction of Gallo-Belgic pottery, resulted in cultural similarities with Camulodunum. The occupation continued throughout the Roman period. The site was then characterized by an irregular system of metalled roads flanked by ditches, and plots of land defined by ditches and fences. Within these plots stood individual rectangular buildings of timber and stone, together with ovens, wells, pottery kilns, and other structures of an industrial or agricultural nature.
Excavations at Winchester, 1971: Tenth and Final Interim Report: Part I
Authors: Biddle Martin
Published: November 2011

In 1971 the Winchester Excavations Committee undertook excavations on six sites in the city, a seventh being excavated by the Winchester Schools Archaeological Committee. The final season was also the longest: work began on 29 May and lasted for twenty-two weeks until 1 November. About £25,470 was spent and an average of 200 people took part each working day during the ten weeks of the full season from 21 June to 29 August.
The Wincle, Cheshire, Hoard of Roman Gold Jewellery
Authors: Johns Catherine , Thompson Hugh , Wagstaff Peter
Published: November 2011

A hoard of Roman gold jewellery found at Wincle, Cheshire, in the 1870s had apparently been lost but re-emerged in 1978. The opportunity has been taken to publish and illustrate the objects in full, and to assess the significance of the hoard which is dated to the third century.
Technique, Toil, and Triumph on The Danube in Trajan's Propaganda Programme
Authors: Rossi L.
Published: November 2011

Trajan's engineering works on the Danube as part of his Dacian campaign of A.D. 101–106 are commemorated on monuments and coins as part of imperial propaganda. Trajan's Column shows an unrecognized depiction of canal-building on the Danube, next to a supply-base scene. Coin imagery illustrates the use of the Danube as a line of communication and the enrolment of the great river on the side of the Romans in their conquest of Dacia.
Excavations in York, 1972–1973: First Interim Report
Authors: Addyman P. V. , Buckland P. C. , King E. , Coll S. , Heighway C. , Foster M. , Whitwell J. B. , MacGregor A. , Palliser D.M.
Published: November 2011

The first year's campaign of rescue excavations by York Archaeological Trust is described. A sewer and part of a substantial building, perhaps the baths, were located within the Roman legionary fortress, and the sequence of defensive ditches on the south-west front was examined. Extra-mural settlement near the fortress was also examined in two places. Four small trenches in the heart of Anglo-Scandinavian York revealed 10 m of deposits including a post-Roman sequence giving a stratified series of timber buildings with C14 dates, ceramics, and artefacts. Well-preserved biological materials revealed in detail the palaeoecology of the buildings and immediate area. The development of riverside properties in Skeldergate was investigated: the land between Skeldergate and the Ouse proved to have been a late medieval reclamation. Part of the medieval suburb of Newbiggin was examined outside Monk Bar. The Hospital of St. Mary in the Horsefair was found at Union Terrace, where a twelfth- or early thirteenth-century building was traced through various phases of alteration and addition for use as a Carmelite church, as a hospital, and finally as a school which survived until the seventeenth century.
A note on the Rheims Resurrection ‘reliquary’
Authors: Evans Joan
Published: November 2011

The ‘reliquary’ of the Resurrection which Henri II of France gave to the cathedral of Rheims on his coronation in 1547 still survives. It was long considered to have been made for that occasion, but recently M. Pierre Verlet has recognized both it and the ‘Nef de Sainte Ursule’, given to the cathedral by the same donor, as being works of earlier date furbished up for the occasion. The whole of the Resurrection ‘reliquary’, indeed, is late medieval except for the initials and crescent devices which Henri II caused to be added to it.
A Bronze Bucket in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow
Authors: Corcoran J. X. W. P.
Published: November 2011

In their paper on some buckets and cauldrons of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages published in this journal, our Fellows, Professor Hawkes and Mrs. Brown (then Miss M. A. Smith), stated that they had been unable to obtain information concerning a certain bucket listed by Leeds. In his earlier study Leeds had quoted Armstrong, saying that the bucket (Leeds's no. 14), ‘formerly in the possession of the Rev. W. F. Falkiner, of Killucan, Co. Westmeath, was removed from Ireland and is now in private hands in Scotland’. There is a bronze bucket of the Irish-British type, as defined by Hawkes and Smith, in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. It was acquired by the museum in 1914 and forms part of the Bishop Collection. A. Henderson Bishop of Thorntonhall, Lanarkshire, was an active collector and several prehistoric artifacts in his collection, including this bucket, are labelled as having come from Ireland. Nothing more is known of its provenance but there is evidence to suggest that it is almost certainly the bucket referred to by Leeds.
Continental Quoit-Brooches
Authors: Roes Ann
Published: November 2011

Ring-brooches, which probably were a Celtic invention, started as very simple objects. They consisted of an open ring and a pin ending in a loop which could move along the ring. As ornaments they were not very showy, as their only decoration lay in the shape of their terminals, but as dress-fasteners they were no doubt practical. They seem, however, to have had one drawback: when the ring was too thin or made of poor metal the terminals could be wrenched apart and the brooch could be twisted out of shape when roughly handled. That this possibility existed can be concluded from one of its subsequent developments: the penannular brooch was sometimes turned into an annular one.
Medieval and Saxon finds from Felmersham, Bedfordshire
Authors: Jope E. M.
Published: November 2011

In examining an old Home Guard trench on a spur overlooking Felmersham Bridge to the north, Mr. Peter Crossley-Holland found much pottery, and with the consent of Mr. J. D. Hensman the site was further examined, with minor excavation of some features showing in the trench sides, by Mr. Crossley-Holland, my wife, and myself.
Two plates from a late Saxon casket
Authors: Wilson David M.
Published: November 2011

Two unique pieces of Late Anglo-Saxon silverwork of outstanding interest have recently been purchased by the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities of the British Museum. The pieces are plates from a house-shaped casket, or shrine, of a well-known British type. They formed part of the collection of a Sussex doctor and were purchased from him by the dealer who sold them to the Museum: they are unfortunately unprovenanced, but from external evidence it seems likely that they formed part of a Victorian collection. One of the pieces is rectangular and measures 12.6×5.2 cm., the other is rhomboid and measures along its longest side 12.1 cm., they differ also in their ornamentation which is carried out in a shallow carving, or graving, technique. (pl. v a).
A Roman tilery and two pottery kilns at Durovernum (Canterbury)
Authors: Jenkins Frank
Published: November 2011

In December 1952, while employed in levelling the ground prior to the construction of the approach to the new Cattle Market site at St. Stephen's Road, Canterbury, the driver of the mechanical excavator, Mr. Claude Jarvis, noticed a few pieces of Roman pottery and immediately informed the writer of the discovery. From then on a close watch was kept on the site for any structural remains. After a few days an extensive area of burnt brick-earth was encountered, followed soon afterwards by the tops of two walls lying parallel to each other. It was then arranged for the site to be excavated under the auspices of the Canterbury Excavation Committee, the present writer undertaking the direction of the work. The results of this investigation form the subject of this report.
A Mill Pivot from Silchester
Authors: Manning W. H.
Published: November 2011

The evidence for geared mills in Roman Britain is sufficiently slight for the addition of a further item to be worthy of record.

Among the hoard of ironwork discovered in a well at Silchester in 1890 and described by Sir John Evans was an iron bar, 36.1 in. long, tentatively identified as an unfinished carriage axle. Though this explanation was clearly unsatisfactory, no better one was forthcoming and the use of the bar remained a mystery. Whilst it is clearly an axle or spindle of some kind its weight and asymmetry show it was not intended for a carriage and, contrary to Evans's statement, it is a finished object showing signs of wear in places. A recent re-examination has suggested that it was the pivot of a large geared mill (fig. 1a), transmitting the power from a toothed wheel, through the central hole in the stationary lower millstone, to the upper stone. The well-known example from Great Chesterford, Cambs., offers a fairly close parallel and that from the German limes fort at Zugmantel possibly an even better one. The absence of the terminal rind from the Silchester spindle is explained by the fact that it was keyed to the axle by means of the rectangular end on the bar and could thus be easily removed when the spindle was taken as scrap. The end of this keying has been battered over to give greater security in fixing.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Myres J. N. L.
Published: November 2011

My immediate duty in addressing you for the first time from this Presidential Chair at your Anniversary Meeting must be to express my gratitude for the signal honour you have done me in placing me in it. When I was elected a Fellow something over forty years ago it certainly never crossed my mind that I might one day find myself in this exalted seat, and I am as conscious now of my inadequacy to serve as your President as I was then of my unworthiness to receive the distinction of your Fellowship. I am all the more deeply sensible of your continuing confidence in my capacity to maintain the traditions of our Society: it has been a source of great and increasing happiness to me personally as I have become with the passing of the years more and more concerned in the intimate management of our affairs here in Burlington House.
Danebury, Hampshire: First Interim Report on the Excavation, 1969–70
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

The Iron Age hill-fort at Danebury has been subjected to two seasons of excavation concentrating on the defences and the east entrance. The main defences show three phases of construction: (a) a timber-faced rampart of the 4th century B.C. (b) remodelling to a glacis-style rampart in 3rd to 2nd centuries, (c) the re-digging of the ditch in a fiat-bottomed form possibly just before the Roman Conquest. The east gate underwent seven major periods of rebuilding, each showing sub-phases. A development from a simple gate to one defended by massive outworks has been demonstrated.

The ‘middle earthwork’ on the south side of the fort, and the ‘outer earthwork’ which surrounds it are dated to the 3rd to 2nd century and the 1st century respectively. They were probably stock enclosures. The sample excavation of the interior of the fort showed that occupation was dense. Among the cultural material discovered was a hoard of currency bars.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Dufty A. R.
Published: November 2011

May I take this my first opportunity to thank the Fellowship for their kindness and confidence in electing me President of this ancient and eminent Society, a Society which, after at least two centuries of existence, remains fully involved and influential in all the different disciplines and endeavours that are our concern? I had the privilege of taking office from Dr. A. J. Taylor, a scholar of high repute, particularly in the field of medieval strongholds, to whom all antiquaries, and many others, remain indebted for his achievements in difficult times while Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments. He watched over the affairs of our Society with awareness and devotion, to the end that he left a sodality in good heart, unburdened by anxieties. For this, naturally I am grateful to him, and in such context it is a pleasure to me to record that during Arnold's Presidency, an eminent and respected historian, whom we all know but shall be nameless, remarked that he believed the reputation of this Society never stood higher than it does in this present decade. Let us not be coy about accepting credit given, and I think due! Looking at the Treasurer, I suggest it bears interest!
Excavations at Lincoln. Second Interim Report: Excavations in the Lower Town 1972–8
Authors: Colyer Christina , Jones M. J. , Jones R. H. , Perring D. , Reynolds N. M. , Wacher J. S.
Published: November 2011

Recent excavations have added considerably to our knowledge of the lower walled city in the Roman period, both in terms of internal structures (mainly houses) and of the sequence of the defences. Much, however, still remains to be learned about the early development and layout of the lower town, while the exact nature of the defensive system is imperfectly understood. Evidence is gradually accumulating to show that what had been the Roman city was still occupied during the fifth and sixth centuries. Whatever form this occupation took, excavations at Flaxengate have shown beyond dispute that the city was revitalized in the early Anglo-Scandinavian period and that some streets which had previously been assumed to be of Roman origin were part of a planned layout undertaken early in the Viking period. Detailed information has also been retrieved about domestic and commercial buildings in the lower part of the city in the post-Conquest period, and this has complemented the evidence from documentary sources, confirming that the city was extremely prosperous in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.
Ashmole and the Pursuit of Alchemy: the Illustrations to the Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652
Authors: Corbett M. K.
Published: November 2011

Ashmole's interest in alchemy seems to have begun about 1648. He was strongly drawn to the Rosicrucian movement, whose aims were religious: to attain to a perfect knowledge of Jesus Christ and of God's works, that is of nature. Chymia was the chosen branch of learning. Alchemists believed that by laboratory experiments they could discover the formula for the Philosophers' Stone which would lead them to the discovery of the secrets of nature. Ashmole considered that his best service to alchemy was the publication of alchemical manuscripts. Two of these have been identified as B.L., Add. 10302 and B.L., Harl. 2407. Both manuscripts belong to the fifteenth century and contain miniatures in pen and wash. The Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum included the Ordinall by Thomas Norton and Lydgate's Hermes Bird, both printed for the first time, and works by George Ripley, John Gower, Thomas Charnock, Edward Kelley and John Dee; also the Tale of the Chanon's Yeoman with Chaucer's portrait. Ashmole's chief engraver was Robert Vaughan. The engravings to the Ordinall show the quasireligious initiation ceremony and the alchemists with their equipment; those from B.L., Harl. 2407 show the emblems representing the theoretical aspects of alchemy, the serpent, the eagle and the basilisk; the sun and the moon; the young couple bathing in the Elixir, symbolizing eternal youth. At some time after 1658 Ashmole abandoned his delusions.