bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species and two new genera of pinnotherid crabs from the northeastern Pacific Ocean, with a reappraisal of the subfamily Pinnotherinae de Haan, 1833 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)
Authors: CAMPOS ERNESTO
Published: July 2019

Two monotypic genera, Enigmatheres new genus, and Bonita new genus, are described to receive Fabia canfieldi Rathbun, 1918, and Bonita mexicana new species respectively. Enigmatheres can be distinguished from other Pinnotheridae by the third maxilliped having a gently curved outer margin, with a carpus that is larger than the conical propodus and a dactylus that is inserted on the middle third of the ventral margin of the propodus, walking legs 2 that are asymmetrical in length and the dactyli of walking legs 1, 3 and 4 that are short, slender, conical, slightly curved up to hooked and hard tip. Bonita can be distinguished from other Pinnotheridae by the presence of two sulci on the carapace, protruding anterolateral margins of the carapace, walking leg 3 asymmetrical in length and larger than other walking legs, and walking leg 4 with a clavate propodus. These two new genera and 25 additional ones (nine with hesitation), including Pinnotheres Bosc, 1802 (type genus of Pinnotherinae de Haan, 1833), share a carapace that is soft and thin, walking legs 1-4 that are slender and feeble, antennae with a protuberance on the basal segment and the known zoea larvae being very similar, particularly with an abdomen that widens from somite 1 to 5 and a telson that is laterally convex and posteriorly trilobed. These adult and larval shared features support the monophyly of these genera and clearly diagnose the subfamily Pinnotherinae de Haan, 1833 sensu stricto.
New genera, new species and new records of Indo-West Pacific spider crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Epialtidae: Majoidea)
Authors: DE FORGES BERTRAND RICHER , NG PETER K. L.
Published: July 2019

Three new genera and five new species of epialtid majoid crabs are described from deep water in the western Pacific. Two new species of Oxypleurodon Miers, 1886: O. sanctaeclausi n. sp. and O. annulatum n. sp. are described from the Philippines. New specimens of the rare Oxypleurodon carbunculum (Rathbun, 1906) from the Hawaiian Islands are also recorded. Three new genera are established: Garthinia n. gen. for G. disica n. sp. from the Solomon Islands; Guinotinia n. gen. for G. cordis n. sp. from New Caledonia and G. lehouarnoi n. sp. from Fiji and Tonga; and Laubierinia n. gen. for Sphenocarcinus nodosus Rathbun, 1916, and Rochinia carinata Griffin & Tranter, 1986.
Biogeography and co-occurrence of 16 planktonic species of Keratella Bory de St. Vincent, 1822 (Rotifera, Ploima, Brachionidae) in lakes and reservoirs of the United States
Authors: TAUSZ CLAUDIA E. , BEAVER JOHN R. , RENICKER THOMAS R. , KLEPACH JULIA A. , POLLARD AMINA I. , MITCHELL RICHARD M.
Published: July 2019

We report current distributions of 16 species of Keratella Bory de St. Vincent, 1822 within lakes and reservoirs of the U.S. Specimens were identified from 988 lakes and reservoirs during spring and summer 2012 as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Lakes Assessment (NLA). We performed a co-occurrence analysis to determine correlations between species-pair occurrences and a niche-centroid analysis to predict optimal water quality conditions for each species. While a high degree of overlap in geographic range was observed among the species, distribution maps showed that K. quadrata was largely confined to more northern latitudes and K. americana was confined primarily to the eastern U.S. Other common species were either ubiquitously or sparsely distributed across ecoregions, suggesting that their distribution may be more related to inter-species competition or local water quality parameters. This study expands the limited pool of knowledge on rotifer biogeography within the U.S.
Caecidotea camaxtli (Isopoda: Asellidae) a new species from the Tlaxcala valley, Mexico
Authors: GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ LEONARDO , RODRÍGUEZ-ALMARAZ GABINO , PEDRAZA-LARA CARLOS
Published: July 2019

A new freshwater isopod, Caecidotea camaxtli sp. nov. (Isopoda, Asellidae) is described from Mexico. The new species can be distinguished from all other species of Caecidotea by the presence of cuticular scales on the caudal process, as well as a short and simple cannula in the apex of the endopodite of pleopod II. [Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:082CF870-ABC3-4E25-B5F2-8CA59359C2B0]
Deroplax silphoides (Thunberg, 1783) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Invasive Species in Egypt with additional morphological and behavioral data
Authors: GADALLAH SOHAIR M. , NASSER MOHAMAD G. , FARAG SHAIMAA M. , ELHAWARY MOHAMMAD O. , HOSSNY ALAA
Published: July 2019

Invasive species continue to be a noteworthy risk to a wide range of biological systems and species diversity throughout the world. At present, accessible data about invasive species in Egypt are still insufficient despite the genuine danger these species pose to the Egyptian environment, economy and human well-being. The present study adds new distribution records of the invasive scutellerid species, Deroplax silphoides (Thunberg, 1783), to the Egyptian fauna. In 2008, this bug was first observed in Egypt in South Sinai, followed by Giza in 2016. Recently, hundreds of specimens were reported from Cairo in 2018. A new host plant, Chrysanthemum morifolium L. (Asteraceae), is reported for this bug. This work also provides additional information about the male and female genitalia. New characteristic features, photos, examined material, map of its world distribution, ecological and behavioral notes are also provided. Moreover, egg sculpturing of Deroplax silphoides was examined for the first time.
Notes on the grasshopper genera Longgenacris You & Li, 1983 and Fruhstorferiola Willemse, 1922 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with proposal of a new synonym
Authors: JIANG BING , WANG HAOJIE , STOROZHENKO SERGEY YU. , HUANG JIANHUA
Published: July 2019

A taxonomic review of the genus Longgenacris You & Li, 1983 is provided, the taxonomic position of the genus is discussed briefly and clarified; the original placement of the genus in the subfamily Melanoplinae is confirmed. Type species of the genus Fruhstorferiola Willemse, 1922 is redescribed and new synonymy is proposed: Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis (Willemse, 1921) = Longgenacris rufiantennus Zheng et Wei, 2003, syn. nov.
Identification key to the genera of adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Singapore
Authors: YEO HUIQING , TAN CHEONG-HUAT , CHONG CHEE-SENG , LAM-PHUA SAI-GEK
Published: July 2019

Accurate identification of mosquitoes is crucial for the management and control of vector species. Although Singapore is a tropical country with high mosquito diversity, there are no identification keys specific to its mosquito fauna. An illustrated identification key to the genera of the adult female mosquitoes of Singapore is presented. Twenty genera are characterized and two genera found in Malaysia, Culiseta and Topomyia, are also included. The key will aid non-taxonomically trained operational officers in adult mosquito identification. The key to the genera provides the first crucial step in the process to species identification.
Evaluation of AMSR-E Thin Ice Thickness Algorithm from a Mooring-Based Observation: How Can the Satellite Observe a Sea Ice Field with Nonuniform Thickness Distribution?
Authors: Kashiwase Haruhiko , Ohshima Kay I. , Fukamachi Yasushi , Nihashi Sohey , Tamura Takeshi
Published: July 2019

The quantification of sea ice production in coastal polynyas is a key issue to understand the global climate system. In this study, we directly compared Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) data with the sea ice thickness distribution obtained from a mooring observation during the winter of 2003 off Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk to evaluate the algorithm for estimation of sea ice thickness in coastal polynyas. By using thermal ice thickness as a target physical quantity, we found that the obtained relationship between the polarization ratio (PR) and ice thickness can provide an appropriate AMSR-E algorithm to estimate thin ice thickness, irrespective of the uniform or nonuniform ice thickness field. The relationship between the PR value and thermal ice thickness is likewise consistent with the local PR–thickness relationship that is observed at individual ice floes. This is because both the PR value and thermal ice thickness are more sensitive to thinner ice. Furthermore, we evaluated the method for detection of active frazil in a coastal polynya by comparing with the mooring data, and subsequently modified it to classify the coastal polynya into three thin ice types, namely, active frazil, thin solid ice, and mixed ice (mixture of active frazil and thin solid ice). The improved algorithm successfully represents the thermal ice thickness even for a relatively small-scale polynya off Sakhalin and is expected to be useful for better quantification of sea ice production in the global ocean owing to its high versatility.
Racial Microaggressions and Sense of Belonging at a Historically White University
Authors: Lewis Jioni A. , Mendenhall Ruby , Ojiemwen Ashley , Thomas Merin , Riopelle Cameron , Harwood Stacy Anne , Browne Huntt Margaret
Published: July 2019

This study applied critical race theory to explore the racial microaggression experiences of students of color (i.e., African American, Asian American, Latinx, and Multiracial students) at a historically White university. Using quantitative and qualitative data from an online survey ( N = 1,710), we explored the relationship between the frequency of racial microaggressions and sense of belonging using multiple regression analysis. In addition, we analyzed qualitative open-ended responses to better understand students’ perceptions about how the racial microaggressions they experienced affected their sense of belonging. The findings indicated that African American students reported experiencing a significantly greater frequency of racial microaggressions than Asian American, Latinx, and Multiracial students. In addition, students who reported a greater frequency of racial microaggressions also reported lower sense of belonging. We highlight implications for future research on students of color at historically White universities.
Power to the Paperwork? Mandatory Financial Sanctions and the Bureaucratic Means to Racially Unequal Ends
Authors: Henricks Kasey
Published: July 2019

Few studies that disentangle the relationship between race, crime, and punishment have turned to administrative documents as a central site of power. Speaking to this omission, I use a case study of mandatory financial sanctions in the Criminal Division of the Cook County Circuit Court in the State of Illinois. The analysis draws upon a sample of 89 sanctions imposed upon conviction, at the state and county levels, to identify three bureaucratic aspects that sustain racial inequality. One, these sanctions are represented in ways that abstract the conviction process from its highly racialized context. Two, these sanctions enable legal actors to enact a multilevel mode of decision making, combining compulsory and discretionary judgment, that entrenches racial bias within the broader legal organization of punishment. And three, these sanctions redistribute the operational costs of justice through earmarks onto those who are processed through the system (i.e., disproportionately people of color). Altogether, these bureaucratic aspects paradoxically intensify racial stratification in ways that are seemingly nonracial.
PCSK9: from molecular biology to clinical applications
Authors: Malo Jonathan , Parajuli Arun , Walker Simon W
Published: July 2019

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease with a key role in regulating plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. Since its discovery via parallel molecular biology and clinical genetics studies in 2003, work to characterize PCSK9 has shed new light on the life-cycle of the low-density lipoprotein receptor and the molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolaemia. These discoveries have also led to the advent of the PCSK9 inhibitors, a new generation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drugs. Clinical trials have shown these agents to be both safe and capable of unprecedented reductions in LDL-C, and it is hoped they may herald a new era of cardiovascular disease prevention. As such, the still evolving PCSK9 story serves as a particularly successful example of translational medicine. This review provides a summary of the principal PCSK9 research findings, which underpin our current understanding of its function and clinical relevance.
Classification of Attentional Tunneling Through Behavioral Indices
Authors: Kortschot Sean W. , Jamieson Greg A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning classifier to infer attentional tunneling through behavioral indices. This research serves as a proof of concept for a method for inferring operator state to trigger adaptations to user interfaces.

Background

Adaptive user interfaces adapt their information content or configuration to changes in operating context. Operator attentional states represent a promising class of triggers for these adaptations. Behavioral indices may be a viable alternative to physiological correlates for triggering interface adaptations based on attentional state.

Method

A visual search task sought to induce attentional tunneling in participants. We analyzed user interaction under tunnel and non-tunnel conditions to determine whether the paradigm was successful. We then examined the performance trade-offs stemming from attentional tunnels. Finally, we developed a machine learning classifier to identify patterns of interaction characteristics associated with attentional tunnels.

Results

The experimental paradigm successfully induced attentional tunnels. Attentional tunnels were shown to improve performance when information appeared within them, but to hinder performance when it appeared outside. Participants were found to be more tunneled in their second tunnel trial relative to their first. Our classifier achieved a classification accuracy similar to comparable studies (area under curve = 0.74).

Conclusion

Behavioral indices can be used to infer attentional tunneling. There is a performance trade-off from attentional tunneling, suggesting the opportunity for adaptive systems.

Application

This research applies to adaptive automation aimed at managing operator attention in information-dense work domains.
Social Identity of Zeliangrong People of Asssam, Manipur and Nagaland
Authors: Samson Kamei
Published: July 2019

Ethnicity and ancestry are gaining significance with groups looking for exclusive features to define linguistic-based identities. Social identity or self-concept through identification with a group also leads to division of a larger ethnic group on account of continued identification with distinct linguistic groups. Individual’s self-identification with a group is influenced by an existing group’s conception about an individual’s membership in a group. The Zeliangrong groups, in their continued process of identification with their respective linguistic groups, differentiate one’s group from the other groups leading to linguistic identities against their earlier collective ethnic identity. The article examines and expands the theory of social identity in the context of the dynamic identity discourse on Zeliangrong and its constituent groups.
Book review: Debel K. Singha Roy, Identity, Society and Transformative Social Categories: Dynamics of Construction, Configuration and Contestation
Authors: Pandey Ajit Kumar
Published: July 2019

Debel K. Singha Roy, Identity, Society and Transformative Social Categories: Dynamics of Construction, Configuration and Contestation. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2018, 253 pp., ₹795 (Paperback). ISBN: 978-93-528-0462-7.
Actual and perceived patient health literacy: How accurate are residents’ predictions?
Authors: Zawilinski Laci L , Kirkpatrick Heather , Pawlaczyk Barbara , Yarlagadda Himabindu
Published: July 2019

Health literacy has repeatedly been shown to be associated with a multitude of negative health outcomes. Previous research has shown that patient health literacy levels are hard to predict by physicians and that assessment tools used to measure health literacy may be outdated or lacking. The purpose of this study is to replicate and extend the findings of previous research by examining residents’ ability to predict health literacy levels in patients and to use a newer validated measure of health literacy. A total of 38 patient encounters were included in this study. Patients were administered the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form to assess health literacy levels. Twenty resident physicians conducted visits with study participants and were asked to predict the health literacy of their patients. Results indicated that, consistent with previous research, residents’ predictions of patient health literacy were not consistent with patient health literacy levels as measured by the Health Literacy Skills Instrument-Short Form. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
The Application of Risk–Needs Programming in a Juvenile Diversion Program
Authors: Wylie Lindsey E. , Clinkinbeard Samantha S. , Hobbs Anne
Published: July 2019

As “gatekeepers” into the juvenile justice system, diversion programs are positioned to prevent future delinquency. Although research on the effectiveness of diversion is mixed, the risk–needs–responsivity (RNR) model may explain how diversion programming that matches youth to services based on their risk and needs may reduce reoffending. Most RNR research has included juveniles at the deeper end of the system, fewer studies have examined RNR with early system–involved youth. The current study explored the application of risk and needs matching in a juvenile diversion program by gender and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, we estimated a survival function to estimate risk and needs alignment on time to recidivism. Although there were no gender differences in the application of RNR, some racial/ethnic differences did emerge. Findings provide support for assessing diversion youth with the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and applying the RNR framework to early system–involved youth assessed as low to moderate risk.
How Do the Components of Procedural Justice and Driver Race Influence Encounter-Specific Perceptions of Police Legitimacy During Traffic Stops?
Authors: Solomon Starr J.
Published: July 2019

Procedural justice is often recognized as the key antecedent of police legitimacy. However, less is known about how the components of procedural justice, treatment and decision-making quality, influence perceptions of police legitimacy. This study utilizes a 2 × 2 × 2 survey experiment to explore the direct effects of the components of procedural justice, and the moderating effects of driver race, on perceptions of encounter-specific fairness and legitimacy. Results indicate that treatment quality is a more salient predictor of encounter-specific fairness and legitimacy than decision-making quality. In addition, simple effects analyses reveal that driver race moderates perceptions of encounter-specific fairness but not encounter-specific perceptions of legitimacy. The findings imply that police officers should emphasize respectful treatment during encounters with the public.
The Provenance of Philippians and Why it Matters: Old Questions, New Approaches1
Authors: Flexsenhar Michael
Published: July 2019

Despite a growing consensus that Paul wrote Philippians from Ephesus, there are still some who argue that he wrote the letter while imprisoned in Rome. These arguments rely on interpretations of Paul’s phrase in Phil. 1.13 (ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ) as ‘Praetorian Guard’ or ‘Imperial Guard’, that is, as a reference to the Roman emperor’s personal bodyguard in Rome. I ﬁrst explain the methodological problems with the Praetorian Guard interpretation, especially the misuse of canonical Acts. Then drawing from textual and lexicographical evidence along with material evidence, notably from Philippi’s sister colony at Dium, I show that Paul’s key term πραιτώριον (Phil. 1.13) referred to a common provincial building with various functions not limited to ofﬁcial, administrative work. This article thus argues that Philippians was written from the province of Asia, though not necessarily from Ephesus. In so doing the article opens up new interpretive questions for Paul’s letter.
Dating Ancient Egyptian Papyri through Raman Spectroscopy: Concept and Application to the Fragments of the Gospel of Jesus’ Wife and the Gospel of John
Authors: Goler Sarah , Yardley James T. , Ratzan David M. , Bagnall Roger , Hagadorn Alexis , McInerney James
Published: July 2019

The Ancient Ink Laboratory is an interdisciplinary, interdepartmental working group based at Columbia University and New York University dedicated to exploring the chemical nature of ancient inks. We report here the results of a systematic study of the Raman spectra of 23 Egyptian papyri from the fourth century bce to the tenth century ce and its implications for two controversial papyri: the Gospel of Jesus’ Wife and an associated fragment bearing a text from a Coptic Gospel of John. Close study of the Raman spectra reveals speciﬁc variations that correlate closely with the date of writing. This discovery enables us to determine the average Raman spectroscopic parameters as a function of manuscript date and so establishes, in principle, the basis for a non-destructive scientiﬁc model capable of predicting the date of ancient manuscripts written in carbon ink from Egypt for the period deﬁned by this study. We have analyzed Gospel of Jesus’ Wife and the Gospel of John according to this methodology and present our ﬁndings here in the context of our wider study and our current research.
Decolonizing the boomerang effect in global queer politics: A new critical framework for sociological analysis of human rights contestation
Authors: Waites Matthew
Published: July 2019

This article proposes a new critical framework for analysing transnational human rights-claiming and contestation: a ‘critical model of the boomerang effect’, that can embody sociological understanding and insights from decolonizing analyses. The article develops a critique of Keck and Sikkink’s well-known model of the ‘boomerang effect’, from politics and international relations. The new critical model is needed to analyse contestations including global queer politics, particularly to examine where and how actors in formerly or currently colonized states from the Global South can draw on the United Nations human rights system. The new model requires analysis of four themes, with a decolonizing enquiry applied to each: (1) articulation of human rights; (2) social structures and resources; (3) socio-cultural contexts; and (4) subjectivation. These themes are examined to illuminate two pivotal cases claiming decriminalization of same-sex sexual acts: Caleb Orozco in Belize, and Jason Jones in relation to Trinidad and Tobago – generating a new research agenda.
High-speed path following control of skid-steered vehicles
Authors: Huskić Goran , Buck Sebastian , Herrb Matthieu , Lacroix Simon , Zell Andreas
Published: July 2019

We present a robust control scheme for skid-steered vehicles that enables high-speed path following on challenging terrains. First, a kinematic model with experimentally identified parameters is constructed to describe the terrain-dependent motion of skid-steered vehicles. Using Lyapunov theory, a nonlinear control law is defined, guaranteeing the convergence of the vehicle to the path. To allow smooth and accurate motion at higher speeds, an additional linear velocity control scheme is proposed, which takes actuator saturation, path following error, and reachable curvatures into account. The combined solution is experimentally evaluated and compared against two state-of-the-art algorithms, by using two different robots on several different terrain types, at different speeds. A Robotnik Summit XL robot is tested on three different terrain types and two different paths at speeds up to [Formula: see text] m/s. A Segway RMP 440 robot is tested on three different terrain types and two different path types at speeds up to [Formula: see text] m/s.
Relationship of relevant factors to P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ratio in critically ill patients
Authors: He Huaiwu , Long Yun , Liu Dawei , Tang Bo , Ince Can
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study investigated the factors related to the ratio of the venoarterial carbon dioxide tension difference [P(v-a)CO2] to the arteriovenous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O2] (hereafter termed “Ratio”).

Methods

We retrospectively studied 1294 pairs of arterial and central venous blood gas measurements in 352 critically ill patients. A high Ratio was defined as > 1.68 based on published literature. Measurements were divided into four groups: Group I [P(v-a)CO2 ≤ 6 mmHg/central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) < 70%], Group II [P(v-a)CO2 ≤ 6 mmHg/ScvO2 ≥ 70%], Group III [P(v-a)CO2 > 6 mmHg/ScvO2 ≥ 70%], and Group IV [P(v-a)CO2 > 6 mmHg/ScvO2 < 70%].

Results

The Ratio’s strongest correlation was with P(v-a)CO2 when compared with ScvO2 and hemoglobin in all data. The P(v-a)CO2 and ScvO2 were significantly higher and the hemoglobin and arterial oxygen saturation were significantly lower in the high Ratio measurements (>1.68) than low Ratio measurements (≤1.68). The P(v-a)CO2 was best for predicting a high Ratio. A P(v-a)CO2 threshold of 7 mmHg was associated with a sensitivity of 41.77% and specificity of 90.62% for predicting a high Ratio.

Conclusions

A high P(v-a)CO2 is the most relevant contributor to a high Ratio among all related factors in critically ill patients.
Experiences of older people with dementia: Homecare enablement to support transitions in daily life at home
Authors: Chung Pat
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The majority of people with dementia live at home. Homecare enablement services are considered an important short-term intervention, using a person-centred approach. Little is known about people with dementia’s perspectives of the services. This study aimed to explore the users’ experiences.

Method

Following ethical approval, participants who had recently used homecare enablement services were invited to participate in two semi-structured interviews through homecare enablement services’ teams within a local authority. Interviews focused on people with dementia’s narratives of the impact of homecare enablement services on their daily functioning. Overall findings were taken back to the participants at the follow-up interviews for member checking. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory.

Findings

Sixteen participants with dementia and eight carers took part. Three key themes were revealed: the meaning of enablement in later life; homecare enablement services as instrumental to support transitions in daily life; and enablement through activity engagement in everyday life.

Conclusion

The scope of homecare enablement services is evolving to meet the requirements of the Care Act of 2014 and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Services’ improvements and redesign must consider the viewpoints of people with dementia.
Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children
Authors: Gondi Keerthi T. , Chen Kevin S. , Gratton Sean M.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare neurologic condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging. A subset of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients are coincidentally found to have papilledema and elevated intracranial pressure without symptoms (eg, headache, visual blurring, tinnitus). This study aims to investigate the features of asymptomatic pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Methods:

Retrospective case-control study of patients aged 0 to 18 years who received idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosis from 2005 to 2016. Subjects were included if they met established diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosis. Subjects were classified as symptomatic if they presented with 1 symptom related to elevated intracranial pressure, and asymptomatic if no symptoms were present. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the 2 groups.

Results:

12 (22.6%) of 53 pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension subjects were asymptomatic. Compared to symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension, asymptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension had younger age of onset, lower initial opening pressure on lumbar puncture, lower optic nerve edema grades bilaterally, lower likelihood of globe flattening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and smaller required dose of acetazolamide for resolution of papilledema (all P < .05).

Conclusion:

Asymptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension is common among pediatric patients with papilledema and is an important disease entity that requires special clinical management. It may exist as a milder version of idiopathic intracranial hypertension that occurs in younger children, or as a precursor state that later evolves into symptomatic disease.
Accuracy of Antiretroviral Prescribing in a Community Teaching Hospital: A Medication Use Evaluation
Authors: Lines Jacob , Lewis Paul
Published: July 2019

Background:

Medication errors account for nearly 250 000 deaths in the United States annually, with approximately 60% of errors occurring during transitions of care. Previous studies demonstrated that almost 80% of participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have experienced a medication error related to their antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Objective:

This retrospective chart review examines propensity and type of ART-related errors and further seeks to identify risk factors associated with higher error rates.

Methods:

Participants were identified as hospitalized adults ≥18 years old with preexisting HIV diagnosis receiving home ART from July 2015 to June 2017. Medication error categories included delays in therapy, dosing errors, scheduling conflicts, and miscellaneous errors. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for medication errors.

Results:

Mean age was 49 years, 76.5% were men, and 72.1% used hospital-supplied medication. For the primary outcome, 60.3% (41/68) of participants had at least 1 error, with 31.3% attributed to delays in therapy. Logistic regression demonstrated multiple tablet regimens (odds ratio [OR]: 3.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-9.48, P = .019) and serum creatinine (SCr) ≥1.5 mg/dL (OR: 8.87, 95% CI: 1.07-73.45, P = .043) were predictive for risk of medication errors. Regimens with significant drug–drug interactions (eg, cobicistat-containing regimens) were not significantly associated with increased risk of medication errors.

Conclusions and Relevance:

ART-related medication error rates remain prevalent and exceeded 60%. Independent risk factors for medication errors include use of multiple tablet regimens and SCr ≥1.5 mg/dL.
What’s in a Definition? Holistic Nursing, Integrative Health Care, and Integrative Nursing: Report of an Integrated Literature Review
Authors: Frisch Noreen Cavan , Rabinowitsch David
Published: July 2019

Background: Nurses and others have used various terms to describe our caring/healing approach to practice. Because terms used can influence our image of ourselves and the image others have of us, we sought to clarify their meanings. Questions: How are the terms holistic nursing, integrative health care, and integrative nursing defined or described? Do we identify with these definitions/descriptions? Are the various terms the same or are they distinct? Method: We conducted an integrated review of peer-reviewed literature following the process described by Whittemore and Knafl. Using standard search methods, we reviewed full texts of 94 published papers and extracted data from 58 articles. Findings: Holistic describes “whole person care” often acknowledging body–mind–spirit. Holistic nursing defines a disciplinary practice specialty. The term integrative refers to practice that includes two or more disciplines or distinct approaches to care. Both terms, integrative and holistic, are associated with alternative/complementary modalities and have similar philosophical and/or theoretical underpinnings. Conclusions: There is considerable overlap between holistic nursing and integrative nursing. The relationship of integrative nursing to integrative health care is unclear based solely on definitions. Consideration of terms used provides opportunities for reflection, collaboration, and growth.
B Lymphocytes Are the Target of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Immunoregulatory Effect in a Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease Model
Authors: Lu Di , Ma Tian , Zhou XiangBin , Jiang YanMing , Han Yan , Li Hong
Published: July 2019

There is growing clinical interest in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the management of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), yet the effect of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) on B lymphocytes in this process has been less well documented. Working in an MHC fully mismatched murine aGvHD model, we found that MSC co-transfer significantly prolonged the survival time of the recipients. More interestingly, analysis on immunophenotypic profiles of posttransplant splenocytes showed that surface expression of CD69 (an early activation marker) and CD86 (a costimulatory molecule) was suppressed predominantly on donor derived B lymphocytes by MSC infusion. Additionally, mRNA level of interleukin-4, a potent B lymphocyte stimulator, was strikingly reduced from MSC-treated mice, while interleukin-10, the regulatory B lymphocytes inductor, was increased; these may underlie the lesser activation of B lymphocytes. In consistence, depletion of B lymphocytes in the transfusion inoculum further prolonged the survival time of aGvHD mice regardless of MSC administration. Therefore, B lymphocytes played an important role in the development of aGvHD, and they are targets in MSC-regulated immune response cascade in vivo. This study may provide a mechanistic clue for the treatment of human clinical aGvHD.
Culturally Adapting an Advance Care Planning Communication Intervention With American Indian and Alaska Native People in Primary Care
Authors: Lillie Kate M. , Dirks Lisa G. , Curtis J. Randall , Candrian Carey , Kutner Jean S. , Shaw Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Advance care planning (ACP) is a process in which patients, families, and providers discuss and plan for desired treatment goals. American Indian and Alaska Native people (AI/AN) have higher prevalence of many serious, life-limiting illnesses compared with the general population; yet AI/ANs use ACP considerably less than the overall population. Method: We conducted a qualitative study to culturally adapt an existing ACP intervention for AI/ANs in two primary care settings. Results: We found that it is important to incorporate patients’ cultural values and priorities into ACP, determine who the patient wants involved in ACP conversations, and consider the culturally and locally relevant barriers and facilitators when developing an ACP intervention with AI/AN communities. Discussion: At the core, ACP interventions should be clear and understandable across populations and tailored to facilitate culturally appropriate and meaningful patient–provider communication. Our results and methodology of culturally adapting an intervention may be applicable to other underrepresented populations.
The Mirror and the Window: Making Implicit Perceptions of Leadership Explicit
Authors: Greenhalgh Anne M. , Maxwell Christopher I.
Published: July 2019

Images of leadership serve as mirrors reflecting assumptions and as windows revealing possibilities. We take a visual and less common methodological approach and highlight particular images by way of a linguistic and stylistic analysis. The foundation of this study—an archive of 8,283 images and essays—is noteworthy, since it represents nearly the entire population of undergraduates at an elite business school over the past 16 years. Our analysis reveals the salient commonalities and subtle differences in male and female perceptions. On one hand, the most frequently posted male and female images of leadership are assertive and concerned about the welfare of others and combine stereotypical and archetypal masculine and feminine characteristics. The act of leadership is also transformational and empowering rather than transactional and directive. On the other hand, the qualities of leadership are value-centric for both male and female students; but males are more inclined to see hierarchy and agentic qualities, while females are more likely to see communal characteristics. Moreover, the vast majority of images is male, but female students put a greater emphasis on gender nonspecified subjects and are twice as likely as male students to identify the subject of leadership as “ she.”
Teacher Supports to Facilitate the Implementation of the Good Behavior Game
Authors: Coleman Stephanie L. , Snyder Kelly , Skinner Lacy , Griffin Jamie
Published: July 2019

The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is a well-established intervention for decreasing problem behaviors in the classroom. Although the GBG has a long history of both empirical support and real-world implementation, the specific types of supports teachers find useful in implementing evidence-based interventions is an area that has received increasing research attention. To help administrators, coaches, and other stakeholders devote resources with an eye toward effective implementation, this column describes training, coaching, and data collection to support the implementation of the GBG.
A Systematic Review of Phonological Awareness Interventions for Latino Children in Early and Primary Grades
Authors: Soto Xigrid , Olszewski Arnold , Goldstein Howard
Published: July 2019

This article summarizes the findings of a systematic review of 15 group and two single-subject experimental design studies that evaluated the effectiveness of phonological awareness interventions for dual language learners (DLL) in preschool through second grade. Studies were evaluated using a Consumer Reports-like rating system. Each study was rated on quality indicators for design characteristics, measurement and reliability, evaluation of treatment effects, and external validity. The effects of phonological awareness interventions for Latino children who are DLL in the early and primary grades are promising, although the studies’ results are tempered by conceptual limitations. Most studies demonstrated acceptable design characteristics and implementation fidelity. Few studies included measures of social validity and consumer satisfaction. Although the review did not identify a single treatment approach to be superior, preliminary evidence suggests that children can benefit from phonological awareness instruction that is explicit and allows for multiple response opportunities. The results of this review also indicate that children who are DLL benefit from bilingual phonological awareness instruction without detracting them from acquiring English phonological awareness skills.
Reflections: Professional Development Using a Gradual Release Model to Facilitate Culturally Responsive Strategies in a Rural Secondary School Curriculum in Malawi
Authors: McIntosh Novea A. , Bowman Connie L.
Published: July 2019

This self-reflection article explores the collaboration with a nongovernmental organization serving underserved students in Malawi and a private Midwestern university educator preparation program which provided research-based pedagogical culturally responsive practices to teachers. Through strong partnerships, education programs can combine their academic and activist voices to prepare teachers as change agents. This article examines the Malawian education system that is gradually shifting from a decentralized system. The authors provided professional development focused on a framework of gradual release model of culturally responsive strategies to be employed in a rural secondary school in Malawi. Finally, the article concludes by sharing lessons learned.
Validity Aspects of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Adolescent Self-Report and Parent-Report Versions Among Dutch Adolescents
Authors: Vugteveen Jorien , de Bildt Annelies , Theunissen Meinou , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Timmerman Marieke
Published: July 2019

In this study, validity aspects of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) self-report and parent-report versions were assessed among Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (community sample: n = 962, clinical sample: n = 4,053). The findings mostly support the continued use of both SDQ versions in screening for psychosocial problems as (a) exploratory structural equation analyses partially supported the grouping of items into five scales; (b) investigation of associations between scales of the SDQ and the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Intelligence Development Scales-2 provided evidence for the SDQ versions’ convergent and divergent validity; and (c) receiver operating characteristics curves yielded evidence for both SDQ versions’ criterion validity by showing that these questionnaires can be used to screen for psychosocial problems, except for the adolescent-reported version for males. Regardless of the adolescent’s gender, the receiver operating characteristics curves showed both SDQ versions to be useful for screening for three specific types of problems: anxiety/mood disorder, conduct/oppositional deviant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Additionally, parent-rated SDQ scores were found to be useful for screening for autism spectrum disorder.
Two Peas in a Pod? An Exploratory Examination Into Cancer-Related Psychosocial Characteristics and Health Behaviors Among Black Immigrants and African Americans
Authors: Amuta-Jimenez Ann Oyare , Cisse-Egbounye Nafissatou , Jacobs Wura , Smith Gabrielle P. A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Most studies lump Black immigrants (BIs) and African Americans (AAs) as “Black/African American” during investigation. Such categorization assumes that the sociocultural determinants that influence BIs are the same as for AAs. This study attempts to disentangle the AA and BI subgroups to recognize the differences in cancer-related psychosocial characteristics and health behaviors. Methods. Merged data from the Health Information National Survey (2011–2017) were used. Two groups were created: those who identified as AA and those who identified as AA but were born outside the United States (BI). Between-group differences were assessed with Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. Results. Positive communication patterns with health care providers were significantly higher among AAs ( M [mean] = 3.41, SD [standard deviation] = 0.68) compared with BIs ( M = 3.28, SD = 0.71) ( p = .004). A greater proportion of BIs indicated that their health was excellent (14.2%), compared with AAs (7.9%). AAs reported higher cancer family history (75.1%) than BIs (46.5%). More AAs had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (41.5%) than BIs (16.7%). BIs consumed significantly more fruits each day ( M = 2.77, SD = 1.43) than AAs ( M = 2.40, SD = 1.44) ( p < .001). BIs also reported more physical activity ( M = 2.62, SD = 2.15) than AAs ( M = 2.37, SD = 2.18) ( p = .030). AA women were more likely to have had a pap smear test ( M = 2.07, SD = 1.44) compared with BI women ( M = 1.73, SD = 1.21) ( p = .002). Discussion. Evidence suggests the need to disentangle the “Black/African American” ethnic grouping. Lumping the BI populations together with the AAs, who have been in the United States for generations, may limit the ability to uncover and consequently address culturally driven disease prevention efforts and promote understanding of the biological, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors within Black heterogeneous populations.
New research for the distortion of steel box girders with inner solid diaphragms
Authors: Ren Yangzhi , Wang Bin , Li Yinqi , Liu Xuechun
Published: July 2019

Toward estimating accurately the distortional response of box girders, in this article, distortion of steel box girders strengthened with intermediate solid diaphragms under eccentric loads is analyzed by employing the so-called initial parameter method. A new model of high-order statically indeterminate structure was established with three orthogonal redundant forces acting at the junction between the girder and diaphragms. Emphasis is put onto the interaction between the girder and diaphragms, where a hypothetical bi-moment B pi indicating all longitudinal redundant force components for diaphragm was proposed besides the moment Mpi for in-plane shear component. Simplified initial parameter method solutions for distortional angle and distortional warping stresses and displacements were derived based on the in-plane and out-of-plane compatibilities between the girder and diaphragms. Taking box girders with three and five intermediate diaphragms as an example, the proposed initial parameter method solutions have good agreement with the finite element analysis ones. Finally, distortional behavior under moving eccentric loads is investigated, resulting in a bowl-shaped curve for moment Mpi and an approximate trigonometric function for bi-moment Bpi. Results show that diaphragms have a stronger resistance on in-plane distortional shear for the loads in midspan than on ends. Plus, the thick diaphragm holds a stronger restraint on distortional warping deformations and stresses than the thin one.
The impact of a local community engagement intervention on residents’ fear of crime and perceptions of the police
Authors: Lockey Steven , Graham Les , Redman Tom , Zheng Yuyan , Routledge Gillian , Purves Laura
Published: July 2019

Policy-makers have called for community engagement to be made central to police operations in England and Wales, yet little empirical investigation has been undertaken in this context to support its efficacy. This article uses a quasi-experimental research design to review a community engagement intervention that aimed to develop citizens’ perceptions of social capital in their community, improve their perceptions the police, and reduce fear of crime and antisocial behaviour (ASB) incidents. We also develop and test a conceptual model that explores the mechanisms by which social capital may influence citizens’ fear of crime and perceptions of the police, positing that local area potency; the belief that a group can be effective in achieving its goals, may be an important mediating mechanism. Results of independent samples t-tests indicate that the intervention was successful in meeting its objectives in the area it was trialled. There were significant increases in social capital, local area potency, confidence in the police and perceptions of police community focus, and decreases in fear of crime and ASB. These results were generally not evident in a control area. Structural equation modelling results supported the hypothesized model, indicating that local area potency mediates the relationships between social capital and the project outcomes. These findings contribute to the limited empirical evidence in support of the positive influence of community engagement in the United Kingdom, and indicate that social capital and local area potency are important antecedents of citizens’ positive attitudes toward crime and the police.