bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
University vs. Research Institute? The Dual Pillars of German Science Production, 1950–2010
Authors: Dusdal Jennifer , Powell Justin J. W. , Baker David P. , Fu Yuan Chih , Shamekhi Yahya , Stock Manfred
Published: February 2020

The world’s third largest producer of scientific research, Germany, is the origin of the research university and the independent, extra-university research institute. Its dual-pillar research policy differentiates these organizational forms functionally: universities specialize in advanced research-based teaching; institutes specialize intensely on research. Over the past decades this policy affected each sector differently: while universities suffered a lingering “legitimation crisis,” institutes enjoyed deepening “favored sponsorship”—financial and reputational advantages. Universities led the nation’s reestablishment of scientific prominence among the highly competitive European and global science systems after WWII. But sectoral analysis of contributions to science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical and health journal publications (1950–2010) finds that Germany’s small to medium-sized independent research institutes have made significant, growing contributions, particularly in publishing in higher impact journals proportionally more than their size. Simultaneously—despite dual-pillar policy implications—the university sector continues to be absolutely and relatively successful; not eclipsed by the institutes. Universities have consistently produced two-thirds of the nation’s publications in the highest quality journals since at least 1980 and have increased publications at a logarithmic rate; higher than the international mean. Indeed, they led Germany into the global mega-science style of production. Contrary to assumed benefits of functional differentiation, our results indicate that relative to their size, each sector has produced approximately similar publication records. While institutes have succeeded, the larger university sector, despite much less funding growth, has remained fundamental to German science production. Considering these findings, we discuss the future utility of the dual-pillar policy.
Transplanting institutional innovation: comparing the success of NGOs and missionary Protestantism in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Burchardt Marian , Swidler Ann
Published: February 2020

Viewing missionary Protestantism and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as carriers of transnational institutional innovation, this article compares their successes and failures at creating self-sustaining institutions in distant societies. Missionary Protestantism and NGOs are similar in that they attempt to establish formal organizations outside kinship, lineage, and ethnic forms of solidarity. Focusing on institutions as ways to create collective capacities that organize social life, we trace the route whereby Protestant missionaries established congregational religion in Africa and identify social practices that made this enterprise successful but are comparatively absent in current NGO attempts to transform organizational life. Largely ignored by sociologists interested in institutional transformation, the history of congregational religion offers valuable sociological lessons about the conditions for radical institutional innovation. Its success was rooted first, in colonial missionaries’ ability to enforce new ways of life on small exemplary communities; second, in local adaptations (African prophetic movements, Pentecostalism) that deepened and widened the social reach of congregational principles; and third in the incentives Protestantism created for propagating the congregational form.
A global perspective? Framing analysis of U.S. textbooks’ discussion of Nigeria
Authors: Odebiyi Oluseyi Matthew , Sunal Cynthia S.
Published: February 2020

Students are expected to develop the intellectual capacity needed to accurately portray other world societies. Few research studies in social studies education, however, draw on a systematic textbook analysis to investigate global perspectives on non-Western societies such as those found in African nations. Situated in framing theory, this study employs a qualitative content analysis approach to examine textual and visual curricular representations of non-Western societies framed in the content of four U.S. world history/cultures and geography textbooks by considering specifically how Nigeria, a very large, relatively wealthy and complex African nation, is represented. The results provide insights into curricular perspectives in U.S. classrooms about non-Western societies, particularly regarding national narratives. Deficit perspectives are the dominant frame so students are primed to construct social reality from the partial textual and visual information to which they are exposed in their classrooms. The findings indicate a lack of research by both textbook authors and publishers into the contents of the texts, which has the potential to negatively affect students’ construction of narratives and civic competence. This study contextualizes its results in visual literacy, cross-cultural behaviors, global perspectives, and attributes of global citizenship.
Recent change in stative progressives: a collostructional investigation of British English in 1994 and 2014
Authors: RAUTIONAHO PAULA , FUCHS ROBERT
Published: February 2020

The spread of the progressive from dynamic to stative verbs started in the seventeenth century, and slowed down in the late twentieth century. The present study investigates recent change in the use of stative progressives in conversational British English from the early 1990s to the early 2010s. The analysis focuses on a total of 100 stative verb lemmata in the spoken, demographic sections of the original and newBritish National Corpus, restricted to a variable context where a progressive could potentially occur. Results indicate that overall, stative progressives have not become more frequent in the last twenty years, and that the group of stative verbs is highly heterogeneous. However, particular verbs, such asexpectandthink,do indeed combine more frequently with the progressive now, which could be the cause of the popular impression of the continuing spread of stative progressives. In addition to a frequency-based analysis, a distinctive collexeme analysis offers a more fine-grained analysis of the collostructional preferences of individual verb lemmata and semantic classes of stative verbs. This analysis reveals that the stative verbs are heterogenous and that the lemmata most distinctly associated with the progressive belong to the group of stance verbs.
Ground and Space Signatures of VLF Noise Suppression by Whistlers
Authors: Shklyar D. R. , Manninen J. , Titova E. E. , Santolík O. , Kolmašová I. , Turunen T.
Published: February 2020

VLF (VeryLow Frequency) spectrograms registered at Kannuslehto ground station, after cleaning them from strong sferics, reveal VLF noise suppression by whistlers and whistler echo trains, which consists in significant reduction in the noise spectral power after a strong whistler event. We have found similar effect in the VLF data from Van Allen Probe B taken in the equatorial region on
‐shell
3. Detailed analysis of the data shows that the whistler echo train and the VLF noise have small wave normal angles. Based on this observation, we limit our analysis to parallel (ducted) whistler wave propagation. The persistence of whistler echo train, as well as the VLF noise, suggests that in the events under discussion, plasma is unstable in the frequency range corresponding to the observed VLF noise band. In an attempt to explain the effect of VLF noise suppression, we follow up the long‐standing idea that relates this effect to the reduction of free energy in the unstable plasma distribution by whistler echo train. To develop this idea into qualitative model, we have studied the motion of energetic electrons, responsible for the noise generation, in the field of ducted whistler echo train. We show that energetic electrons that make the main contribution to the growth rate of VLF noise, during their bounce oscillations in the magnetosphere, are subject to multiple resonant impacts from the whistler echo train. These lead to energetic electron diffusion in the phase space and the corresponding reduction in free energy of the unstable distribution.
MESSENGER Observations of Mercury's Nightside Magnetosphere Under Extreme Solar Wind Conditions: Reconnection‐Generated Structures and Steady Convection
Authors: Sun W. J. , Slavin J. A. , Dewey R. M. , Chen Y. , DiBraccio G. A. , Raines J. M. , Jasinski J. M. , Jia X. , Akhavan‐Tafti M.
Published: February 2020

Mercury's nightside magnetosphere is investigated under the impact of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and a high‐speed stream (HSS) with MErcury Surface, Space ENviroment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) observations. The CME was shown to produce a low plasma
(ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure) magnetosheath, while the HSS creates a higher
magnetosheath. Reconnection at the dayside magnetopause was found to be stronger during the CME than the HSS, but both were stronger than the average condition (Slavin et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020319). Here we show that the CME and HSS events produced large numbers of flux ropes and dipolarization fronts in the plasma sheet. The occurrence rates for the structures were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than under average conditions with the rates during CME's being twice that of HSS's. The flux ropes appeared as quasiperiodic flux rope groups. Each group lasted approximately 1 min and had a few large flux ropes followed by several smaller flux ropes. The lobe magnetic flux accounted for around half of the Mercury's available magnetic flux with the flux during CME's being larger than that of HSS's. The CME produced a more dynamic nightside magnetosphere than the HSS. Further, for the CME event, the tail magnetic reconnection produced a distorted Hall magnetic field pattern and the X‐line had a dawn‐dusk extent of 20% of the tail width. No magnetic flux loading and unloading events were observed suggesting that, during these intense driving conditions, Mercury's magnetosphere responded with a type of quasi‐steady convection as opposed to the tail flux loading‐unloading events seen at Earth.
Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Distribution of Methane Hydrate on Permeability of Porous Media Using Low‐Field NMR Technique
Authors: Ji Yunkai , Hou Jian , Zhao Ermeng , Lu Nu , Bai Yajie , Zhou Kang , Liu Yongge
Published: February 2020

The permeability of sediments is an important parameter that effects flow characteristics of the gas and water in the process of natural gas hydrates development. The distribution of gas hydrate is generally heterogeneous in porous media. It poses a great challenge to the permeability measurement of hydrate‐bearing sediments. To study the effect of heterogeneous distribution of methane hydrate on the permeability of porous media, methane hydrate formation in the sandstone and permeability measurement was carried out using a low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement system in situ conditions. The spatial distribution of methane hydrate in the core samples was determined by combining the T2 distribution with magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that the distribution of methane hydrate is heterogeneous in the core samples. The temporal and spatial variation of permeability happens in the process of hydrate dissociation. The heterogeneity of methane hydrate distribution severely affects the analysis of permeability change. Considering the heterogeneity of methane hydrate distribution, a new method was proposed to obtain the quantitative relationship between hydrate saturation and relative permeability based on magnetic resonance imaging and the equivalent seepage capacity method. The results show that the relative permeability models obtained by this method agree better with experimental results. The optimum coefficients of relative permeability models obtained by equivalent seepage capacity method change significantly in contrast with the direct fitting method. The variation of the optimum coefficient is up to 300% in this study. The model coefficients are related to the pore characteristic of hydrate‐free porous media.
Serine–glycine-one-carbon metabolism: vulnerabilities in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhao Erhu , Hou Jianbing , Cui Hongjuan
Published: February 2020

In a recent study published in Cancer Research, Xia and colleagues reported that, in cancer, constituents in serine–glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) metabolism exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation and are increasingly utilised, which results in more glucose-derived carbon to serine–glycine biosynthesis. The current work identifies an MYCN-dependent metabolic vulnerability and shows a variety of associations between metabolic reprogramming and enhanced sensitivity to metabolic stress, which may lead the way to unlocking new anticancer therapies. Here, we summarised new insights into the role of SGOC metabolism in the progression of neuroblastoma (NB) with highly activated SGOC metabolism.
Yield benefits of additional pollination to faba bean vary with cultivar, scale, yield parameter and experimental method
Authors: Bishop J. , Garratt M. P. D. , Breeze T. D.
Published: February 2020

The benefits of insect pollination to crop yield are used to justify management decisions across agricultural landscapes but current methods for assessing these benefits may underestimate the importance of context. We quantify how the effects of simulated insect pollination vary between five faba bean cultivars, and to what extent this changes between years, scales, yield parameters, and experimental methods. We do this by measuring responses to standardised hand pollination treatments in controlled experiments in flight cages and in the field. Pollination treatments generally improved yield, but in some cases yield was lower with additional pollination. Pollination dependence varied with cultivar, ranging from 58% (loss in yield mass per plant without pollination) in one cultivar, to a lower yield with pollination in another (−51%). Pollination dependence also varied between flight cage and field experiments (−10 to 37% in the same cultivar and year), year (4 to 33%; same cultivar and yield parameter), and yield parameter (−4 to 46%; same cultivar and year). This variability highlights that to be robust, assessments of pollination benefits need to focus upon marketable crop outputs at a whole-plant or larger scale while including and accounting for the effects of different years, sites, methodologies and cultivars.
Peptide Capping Agent Design for Gold (111) Facet by Molecular Simulation and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Lin Che-Hsin , Ju Shin-Pon , Su Jia-Wei , Li Dai-En
Published: February 2020

The stochastic tunneling-basin hopping method (STUN-BH) was utilized to obtain the most stable peptide S7 configuration (Ac-Ser-Ser-Phe-Pro-Gln-Pro-Asn-CONH2) adsorbed on Au(111) facet. After the most stable S7 configuration was found, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the thermal stability between S7 and Au facet at 300 K in both vacuum and water environment. Moreover, further design sets of peptide sequences on Au(111) facet were used to compare with S7. All molecular simulations were carried out by the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). The Amber99sb-ILDN force field was employed for modeling the interatomic interaction of peptides, and the TIP3P water was used for the water environment. The CHARMM-METAL force field was introduced to model the S7, PF8 (Ac-Pro-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-CONH2) and FS8 (Ac-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-CONH2) interactions with Au(111). The MD simulation results demonstrate that the morphology of Pro affects the adsorption stability of Phe. Therefore, we designed two sequences, PF8 and FS8, to confirm our simulation result through experiment. The present study also develops a novel low-temperature plasma synthesis method to evaluate the facet selecting performance of the designed peptide sequences of S7, PF8, and FS8. The experimental results suggest that the reduced Au atom seed is captured with the designed peptide sequences and slowing growing under room temperature for 72 hours. The experimental results are in the excellent agreement with the simulation finding that the Pro in the designed peptide sequences plays a critical role in the facet selection for Au atom stacking.
Imaging mass spectrometry allows for neuroanatomic-specific detection of gangliosides in the healthy and diseased brain
Authors: Wang W. X. , Whitehead S. N.
Published: February 2020

Gangliosides have a wide variety of biological functions due to their location on the outer leaflet of plasma membranes.
A releasable disulfide-linked peptide tag facilitates the synthesis and purification of short peptides
Authors: Wu Yuteng , Zorzi Alessandro , Williams Jack , Heinis Christian
Published: February 2020

A peptide synthesis and purification strategy that omits a throughput-limiting chromatographic purification step offers access to large macrocyclic compound libraries.
Hydrazone–aromatic interaction: the vital role in molecular self-assembly of benzaldehyde hydrazones
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Chen Dejun
Published: February 2020

A scarce NNC⋯π interaction, which plays an essential role in defining the crystal packing patterns, has been found widespread in benzaldehyde (cyanoacetyl)hydrazones, and is rationalized by density functional theory calculations.
Ion momentum imaging study of the ion–molecule reaction Ar+ + O2 → Ar + O2+
Authors: Wu Chun-Xiao , Hu Jie , He Miao-Miao , Zhi Yaya , Tian Shan Xi
Published: February 2020

O2+ products of the charge exchange reactions between Ar+ and O2 are distributed in the wider range of scattering angle at higher collision energy.
Hydrophobic hydration and pairwise hydrophobic interaction of Lennard-Jones and Mie particles in different water models
Authors: Zieba Karolina , Czaplewski Cezary , Liwo Adam , Graziano Giuseppe
Published: February 2020

The study provides a deep computational analysis of the thermodynamic and structural features associated with xenon hydration and its pairwise hydrophobic interaction, over a large temperature range.
Reaction pathways and kinetics study on a syngas combustion system: CO + HO2in an H2O environment
Authors: Li Wenrui , Shang Yanlei , Ning Hongbo , Li Jun , Luo Sheng-Nian
Published: February 2020

The reaction between CO and HO2plays a significant role in syngas combustion.
Tuning metal oxide defect chemistry by thermochemical quenching
Authors: Shousha Shehab , Khalil Sarah , Youssef Mostafa
Published: February 2020

Based on first-principles calculations, we show how to tune the low temperature defect chemistry of metal oxides by varying growth conditions.
Manipulation of PBDT-DTNT:PCBM photoactive layers for a stability increment by core–shell and core–mantle–shell supramolecules
Authors: Pan Jing , Jia Zhe , Chang Yuhong , Hu Yi , Zhang Guanghua , Agbolaghi Samira
Published: February 2020

Two types of core–shell and core–mantle–shell supramolecules were designed based on grafted-CNTs and PBDT-DTNT chains and employed in the active layers of PBDT-DTNT:PC71BM solar cells to stabilize morphology and performance.
Porous graphene–NiCo2O4 nanorod hybrid composite as a high performance supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Sethi Meenaketan , Shenoy U. Sandhya , Bhat D. Krishna
Published: February 2020

PGNC composite synthesized via a green route for the development of high performance supercapacitors with high cyclic stability.
Nanoparticle diffusion during gelation of tetra poly(ethylene glycol) provides insight into nanoscale structural evolution
Authors: Parrish Emmabeth , Rose Katie A. , Cargnello Matteo , Murray Christopher B. , Lee Daeyeon , Composto Russell J.
Published: February 2020

Single particle tracking (SPT) of PEG grafted nanoparticles (NPs) was used to examine the gelation of tetra poly(ethylene glycol) (TPEG) succinimidyl glutarate (TPEG-SG) and amine (TPEG-A) terminated 4-armed stars.
Synergistic chemiluminescence nanoprobe: Au clusters-Cu2+-induced chemiexcitation of cyclic peroxides and resonance energy transfer
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Sun Mingxia , Song Hongjie , Su Yingying , Lv Yi
Published: February 2020

An interesting chemiluminescence (CL) phenomenon of cyclic peroxides originating from tetrahydrofuran hydrogen peroxide (THF-HPO) in the presence of BSA-stabilized Au NCs (Au@BSA NCs) was found for the first time.
Potential molecular semiconductor devices: cyclo-Cn (n = 10 and 14) with higher stabilities and aromaticities than acknowledged cyclo-C18
Authors: Li Mengyang , Gao Zhibin , Han Yanbo , Zhao Yaoxiao , Yuan Kun , Nagase Shigeru , Ehara Masahiro , Zhao Xiang
Published: February 2020

Theoretical calculations reveal that the zero-dimensional allotropes of carbon atoms, cyclo-Cn (n = 10 and 14), have higher thermodynamic, kinetic, optical, and dynamic stabilities and aromaticity than the acknowledged cyclo-C18.
The self-assembly behavior of polymer brushes induced by the orientational ordering of rod backbones: a dissipative particle dynamics study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Jianchang , Wen Liyang , Zhang Fusheng , Zhang Lijuan
Published: February 2020

This work proposed the “rod–coil competitive mechanism” for the self-assembly of polymer brushes with rod–coil backbones.
Improved Pd/Ru metal supported graphene oxide nano-catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillyl alcohol, vanillin and lignin
Authors: Arora Shalini , Gupta Neeraj , Singh Vasundhara
Published: February 2020

Ru@GO and Pd/Ru@GO as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts, forming p-creosol from vanillin, vanillyl alcohol and lignin after photo-catalytic fragmentation under mild conditions.
New insights into two ciprofloxacin-intercalated arrangements for layered double hydroxide carrier materials
Authors: Cherif Nawal Fodil , Constantino Vera Regina Leopoldo , Hamdaoui Oualid , Leroux Fabrice , Taviot-Guého Christine
Published: February 2020

Highly ciprofloxacin loaded layered double hydroxide.
Introduction to approaches and tools for the evaluation of protein cysteine oxidation
Authors: Poole Leslie B. , Furdui Cristina M. , King S. Bruce
Published: February 2020

Oxidative modifications of cysteine thiols in cellular proteins are pivotal to the way signal-stimulated reactive oxygen species are sensed and elicit appropriate or sometimes pathological responses, but the dynamic and often transitory nature of these modifications offer a challenge to the investigator trying to identify such sites and the responses they elicit. A number of reagents and workflows have been developed to identify proteins undergoing oxidation and to query the timing, extent and location of such modifications, as described in this minireview. While no approach is perfect to capture all the redox information in a functioning cell, best practices described herein can enable considerable insights into the “redox world” of cells and organisms.
Fusion of visual salience maps for object acquisition
Authors: Greenberg Shlomo , Bensimon Moshe , Podeneshko Yevgeny , Gens Alon
Published: February 2020

The paradigm of visual attention has been widely investigated and applied to many computer vision applications. In this study, the authors propose a new saliency‐based visual attention algorithm applied to object acquisition. The proposed algorithm automatically extracts points of visual attention (PVA) in the scene, based on different feature saliency maps. Each saliency map represents a specific feature domain, such as textural, contrast, and statistical‐based features. A feature selection, based on probability of detection and false alarm rate and repeatability criteria, is proposed to choose the most efficient feature combination for saliency map. Motivated by the assumption that the extracted PVA represents the most visually salient regions in the image, they suggest using the visual attention approach for object acquisition. A comparison with other well‐known algorithms for point of interest detection shows that the proposed algorithm performs better. The proposed algorithm was successfully tested on synthetic, charge‐coupled device (CCD), and infrared (IR) images. Evaluation of the algorithm for object acquisition, based on ground truth, is carried out using synthetic images, which contain multiple examples of objects, with various sizes and brightness levels. A high probability of correct detection (greater than 90%) with a low false alarm rate (about 20 false alarms per image) was achieved.
Short‐term traffic flow prediction of road network based on deep learning
Authors: Han Lei , Huang Yi‐Shao
Published: February 2020

Due to the fact that existing traffic flow forecasting methods cannot completely reflect the real time traffic situation of the road network, a new method of short‐term traffic flow prediction is proposed based on deep learning in this study. Firstly, in order to improve the efficiency of data processing, a method of road network data compression is proposed based on correlation analysis and CX decomposition. Secondly, the traffic flow data are divided into trend term and random fluctuation term by spectral decomposition method, and the influence of trend term on prediction accuracy is removed. Finally, by combining a deep belief network model and a kernel extreme learning machine classifier as the prediction model, the essential characteristics of the traffic flow data are extracted by using DBN at the bottom of the network, and the extracted results are input into the kernel extreme learning machine to predict the traffic flow. The actual regional road network traffic flow data are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed short‐time network traffic flow forecasting method. The results show that the proposed method can not only save 90% of the running time but also the average prediction accuracy of each road section can reach 92%.
Analysis of overlapping origin–destination pairs between bus stations to enhance the efficiency of bus operations
Authors: Seo Jeongwook , Cho Shin‐Hyung , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Park Peter Young‐Jin
Published: February 2020

Public transit has a significant impact on minimising traffic congestion and reducing the cost of travelling in urban areas. It is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the public transit operation in response to the individual traveller's demands for transit. This study aims to analyse the demand for transit with overlapping origin–destination (OD) pairs to enhance the efficiency of transit operations. To achieve this, disaggregated‐level travel demand data, i.e. individual traveller's data are collected from an automatic fare collection system called smart card. The Kneedle algorithm is used to calculate the knee point of travel demand. The overlapping OD pairs, which are higher than the knee point value, are calculated and displayed in a map format. On the basis of the overlapping OD pairs, the demand‐based overlap index for each bus route is defined to evaluate the efficiency of bus operations. The proposed method is applied to six districts with higher transit demands than other districts in Seoul. On the basis of the results, discussion on the action plans to enhance the efficiency of bus operations are presented. The method proposed in this study contributes to improving the efficiency of the bus system by reflecting individual users’ travel demands.
Identifying commuters based on random forest of smartcard data
Authors: Mei Zhenyu , Ding Wenchao , Feng Chi , Shen Liting
Published: February 2020

Commuter flow is an important part of metro passenger flow. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient and effective method to identify the spatiotemporal commuting patterns of Metro Line 2 in Hangzhou. Using one‐week transit smart card data and a questionnaire survey of Metro Line 2, the authors distinguished the spatiotemporal regularity of individual commuters, including first travel time, last travel time, and the number of travelling days on weekdays. This data could be used to identify transit commuters by leveraging ensemble learning approaches. The random forest algorithm was adopted as a low‐cost, high‐efficiency analysis method, and the classification model was established with the information of travel time, days of travelling, and the unique tag information in the questionnaire survey data. Then, numerical tests were carried out to show that the Precision and Recall rates of the proposed model could reach as high as 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. Finally, the validated random forest model was applied to identify metro commuters from the smartcard data. The results show that less than one‐third of passengers are commuter traffic and are mainly concentrated during peak hours. These extracted personal‐level commute models can be used as valuable information for the design and optimisation of public transportation networks.
Prediction of vehicle energy consumption on a planned route based on speed features forecasting
Authors: Yufang Li , Jun Zhang , Chen Ren , Xiaoding Lu
Published: February 2020

The prediction of energy consumption is the primary goal of an intelligent energy management system (IEMS). Based on the actual road–traffic conditions, the vehicle energy consumption on the whole planned path can be predicted online by road condition recognition or speed sequence prediction. Because the speed sequence prediction required by the latter cannot accurately reflect the real dynamic characteristics of vehicle speed such as acceleration and deceleration changes due to the random factors of traffic or human beings, which will greatly affect the predicting accuracy, especially on the urban road with complex working conditions. Therefore, based on the analysis of the cumulative relationship between vehicle speed characteristics and energy consumption, this study proposes a prediction method of vehicle driving energy consumption based on the statistical characteristics of vehicle speed, regardless of the accuracy of the prediction of vehicle speed sequence, including the establishment of a long‐term vehicle speed feature prediction model and energy consumption prediction model by BP and SVM algorithms. Finally, its rationality is validated based on the authentic data with an accuracy of about 95%, significantly improved compared with that based on long‐term vehicle speed prediction.
Trace analysis of Pb(II) in milk samples by Fe3O4@SiO2@3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane@o‐phenylendiamine nanoparticles as an unprecedented adsorbent for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction
Authors: Ramezanpour Mohtaram , Raeisi Shahram Naghizadeh , Shahidi Seyed Ahmad , Ramezanpour Sorour
Published: February 2020

In the present work, a magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction method followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in milk samples. Fe3O4@SiO2@3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane@o‐phenylendiamine nanoparticles were synthesised and used as the adsorbent in the extraction procedure. The effective parameters of the extraction efficiency comprising pH of the sample solution, sorbent amount, extraction time, acidic concentration of the eluent and desorption time were optimised using a face‐centred central composite design. Under the optimal conditions, the applied method offered suitable linearity in the range of 2.0–250 ng mL−1, the limit of detection as low as 0.11 ng mL−1, and high preconcentration factor of 66. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated by calculating the intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviation, which were <3.4 and 5.5%, respectively. The applicability of the method in real sample analysis was tested by analysing bovine milk samples. The relative recoveries in the range of 81.6–97.2% showed the suggested method is of appropriate accuracy in real sample analysis.
Eburnean deformation pattern of Burkina Faso and the tectonic significance of shear zones in the West African craton
Authors: Chardon Dominique , Bamba Ousmane , Traoré Kalidou
Published: February 2020

Shear zones of the Paleoproterozoic Eburnean accretionary Orogen (West African craton) are investigated by means of large-scale structural mapping. Regional scale (10-100 km) mapping was based on the aeromagnetic survey of Burkina Faso and craton-scale (1000 km) mapping on a compilation of fabric data. At both scales, shear zones are arranged as an anastomosed transpressional network that accommodated distributed shortening and lateral flow of the orogenic lithosphere between the converging Kénéma-Man and Congo Archean provinces. Structural interference patterns at both scales were due to three-dimensional partitioning of progressive transpressional deformation and interactions among shear zones that absorbed heterogeneities in the regional flow patterns while maintaining the connectivity of the shear zone network. Such orogen-scale kinematic patterns call for caution in using the deformation phase approach without considering the “bigger structural picture” and interpreting displacement history of individual shear zones in terms of plate kinematics. The West African shear zone pattern is linked to that of the Guiana shield through a new transatlantic correlation to produce an integrated kinematic model of the Eburnean-Transamazonian orogen.
Mass appearance of the Ponto-Caspian invaderPontogammarus robustoidesin the River Tisza catchment: bypass in the southern invasion corridor?
Authors: Csabai Zoltán , Borza Péter , Rewicz Tomasz , Pernecker Bálint , Berta Balázs J. , Móra Arnold
Published: February 2020

The river Danube is the backbone of the ‘southern invasion corridor’, one of the most important passages for the spread of Ponto-Caspian invaders in Europe. However, not all of these species used the passive or active upstream movement in the main channel to reach the upper sections and tributaries, some found detours. Mass occurrences of the Ponto-Caspian peracarid,Pontogammarus robustoides(Sars, 1894) were recorded at 17 sites along the entire Hungarian section of the River Maros, for the first time in the River Tisza catchment and also in Hungary. Those populations are found ca. 707 km upstream from the closest known and confirmed locality in the lower Danube section. We confirmed their identity by DNA barcoding and showed that all individuals fit in with the lower Danube population, thus identifying the source of this introduction. The most likely vector allowing the jump dispersal of the species is fish stocking in the Romanian section of the River Maros, which − combined with downstream drift to the Serbian Danube section and the relatively busy ship traffic between Belgrade and Vienna − might provide the opportunity to bypass the dispersal barrier represented by the unregulated Middle Danube and open the way towards Western Europe.
Retorno ao esporte após reconstrução do LCA com ressecção ou preservação do remanescente
Authors: Diaz Ruben Marcelo Maldonado , Rezende Fernando Cury , Moscon Antonio Carlos , Franciozi Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Duarte Aires
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Analisar os resultados da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) com preservação do remanescente, comparada à técnica convencional, no retorno do paciente ao nível de atividade física pré-lesão.

Métodos Estudo transversal retrospectivo, que avaliou indivíduos adultos submetidos à reconstrução anatômica do LCA no período de 2010 a 2014. Os desfechos analisados foram: nível de atividade física, taxa retorno ao esporte, relesão do LCA definida como lesão documentada que necessite de nova reconstrução ligamentar, e dor pela escala numérica de dor (EVN).

Resultados Foram incluídos 83 indivíduos com média de 31,8 anos de idade e seguimento médio de 4,2 anos após a cirurgia, 34 submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com preservação do remanescente, e 49 à convencional. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos na frequência de atividade física pré-lesão e pós-operatória, na taxa de relesão do LCA reconstruído e na intensidade da dor no pós-operatório. Na análise intragrupos, houve uma queda estatisticamente significativa na frequência da prática de atividade física pós-operatória para ambos os grupos em comparação ao nível pré-lesão. O tipo de esporte mais praticado foi o futebol, onde 72% pacientes do grupo remanescente retornaram ao esporte comparado a 52,6% do grupo controle; porém, essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante.

Conclusão Não foi possível observar diferenças entre os pacientes submetidos às técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstrução LCA com e sem a preservação do remanescente em relação ao retorno ao esporte, frequência de atividade física e intensidade da dor. Estudos futuros prospectivos são necessários.
Osteoartrite global do cotovelo após uma fratura não deslocada da cabeça radial: Relato de caso
Authors: Costa Lauro Augusto Veloso , Brabo Bruno Cesar Pereira , Marangoni André Luís , Taniguchi Luiz Fabiano Presente
Published: February 2020

As fraturas da cabeça radial representam mais de 50% de todas as fraturas do antebraço. Broberg e Morrey (modificação da classificação de Mason) as classificam em quatro tipos. As fraturas do tipo 1 são aquelas não deslocadas ou minimamente deslocadas, consideradas estáveis e sem bloqueio mecânico das articulações. Nesse tipo de fratura, um manejo não operatório com um curto período de imobilização permite bom resultado clínico sem desfechos adversos. Lesões associadas clinicamente relevantes não são comuns. Por esse motivo, a artrite da articulação radiocapitelar e ulnoumeral após a fratura da cabeça do rádio não deslocada é incomum. Este relato de caso apresenta um paciente jovem com diagnóstico de fratura isolada da cabeça radial não deslocada que evoluiu, 8 meses depois, para artrite global do cotovelo.
Border-collision bifurcations in a driven time-delay system
Authors: Ryan Pierce , Keane Andrew , Amann Andreas
Published: February 2020

We show that a simple piecewise-linear system with time delay and periodic forcing gives rise to a rich bifurcation structure of torus bifurcations and Arnold tongues, as well as multistability across a significant portion of the parameter space. The simplicity of our model enables us to study the dynamical features analytically. Specifically, these features are explained in terms of border-collision bifurcations of an associated Poincaré map. Given that time delay and periodic forcing are common ingredients in mathematical models, this analysis provides widely applicable insight.
Dynamical wetting transition on a chemically striped incline
Authors: Xia Yuting , Qin Jian , Gao Peng
Published: February 2020

We study the dynamics of moving contact lines and film deposition on a chemically heterogeneous plate withdrawn from a liquid bath. The plate is patterned with vertical stripes characterized by alternating wettabilities. It is assumed that the interfacial slope with respect to the plate is small such that lubrication theory can be employed. The finite element method is used to solve the two-dimensional unsteady lubrication equation, which is coupled with the precursor film model and disjoining pressure to realize moving contact lines with finite contact angles. At low withdrawal velocity, a three-dimensional stable meniscus is formed. If the velocity exceeds a threshold, liquid films and droplets are produced on the more wettable stripes. When the width of the more wettable stripes is small, the contact line always loses its stability at the center of these stripes. For a sufficiently large width of the more wettable stripes, a trapezoidal film can be observed, in analogy to the wetting transition on a homogeneous plate of finite width; however, the onset of meniscus instability is found to occur at a location whose distance to the stripe boundary is independent of the stripe width, corresponding to a three-dimensional mechanism of wetting transition. Furthermore, the dynamic evolution of the liquid film is also analyzed.
Cryogenic frequency-domain electron spin resonance spectrometer based on coplanar waveguides and field modulation
Authors: Miksch Björn , Dressel Martin , Scheffler Marc
Published: February 2020

We present an instrument to perform frequency-domain electron spin resonance experiments that is based on coplanar waveguides and field modulation. A large parameter space in frequency (up to 25 GHz), magnetic field (up to 8 T), and temperature (down to 1.6 K) is accessible. We performed experiments on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as a standard to calibrate the field modulation as well as on a carbon fiber sample to estimate the overall sensitivity of the instruments. Spectra of a ruby sample in a broad frequency and field range at cryogenic temperatures are recorded with and without field modulation. The comparison reveals the improved signal-to-noise ratio achieved by field modulation.
Characterization of Substance use among Underrepresented Sexual and Gender Minority Participants in the Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study
Authors: Barger Branden T. , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Capriotti Matthew R. , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flentje Annesa
Published: February 2020

Background

Profiles of substance use among less commonly described subgroups of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people ( e.g., queer, genderqueer) remain largely unknown. Objective(s): To identify substance use differences among less commonly described SGM identity-based subgroups.

Methods

The PRIDE Study is a national, online, longitudinal cohort study of self-identified SGM adults living in the U.S. Between 2015–2017, an iPhone application was used to administer three cross-sectional health questionnaires to participants, one of which included questions about binge alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use (substance use). This study was a secondary data analysis of participant responses to substance use survey items. Logistic regression and generalized linear modeling assessed relationships between sexual orientation or gender and use of or reported problems with substances within the past year.

Results

Among the 1790 participants included in this study, 51.0% reported binge alcohol use, 39.8% reported marijuana use, and 19.7% reported other drug use (65.9% endorsed use of one or more of these) within the past year. Over 30% indicated substance use had been a problem in their life. Asexual individuals had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol and marijuana use ( aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.61; aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15–0.96, respectively), and queer participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use ( aOR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.58–4.03) compared to lesbian participants. Gender nonbinary participants had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol use ( aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.71) and transmasculine participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use ( aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.10–4.31) compared to cisgender women.

Conclusions

Substance use heterogeneity exists between SGM groups. Comprehensive assessment of sexual orientation and gender may improve understanding of substance use and increase equity within support and treatment services for SGM populations.

Highlights

• We examined substance use among less represented sexual and gender minority groups. • Alcohol and other drug use were examined by both sexual orientation and gender identity. • Analyses included identities such as queer, pansexual, genderqueer and nonbinary. • Alcohol use differed across asexual, genderqueer and gender nonbinary groups. • Marijuana use differed across queer, asexual and transmasculine groups.
Downregulation of MiR-218 can alleviate high-glucose-induced renal proximal tubule injury by targeting GPRC5A
Authors: Su Shan-Shan , Li Bao-Peng , Li Chun-Lin , Xiu Fang-Rui , Wang Dong-Yan , Zhang Fa-Rong
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the functional implication of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through high-glucose-stimulated renal proximal tubule impairment. Biological function experiments showed that miR-218 and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were highly expressed in renal proximal tubule under high-glucose conditions. Inhibiting miR-218 alleviated renal tubular cell injury, which was represented by miR-218 inhibitor facilitating renal tubular cell vitality whilst reducing its apoptosis and levels of inflammation factors. In addition, we confirmed that miR-218 directly targeted GPRC5A and negatively regulated its expression. Co-transfection assay showed that overexpression of GPRC5A accentuated the mitigated action of miR-218 inhibitor on renal proximal tubule cell injury induced by high-glucose. Accordingly, these data indicated that downregulation of miR-218 can assuage high-glucose-resulted renal tubular cell damage, and its ameliorative effect was achieved by negative regulation of GPRC5A, which provides a novel direction for unearthing the pathogenesis and even further biological treatment of DN.
Event-focused network analysis: a case study of anti-corruption networks
Authors: Pal Leslie A , Spence Jennifer
Published: February 2020

Research on diffusion and transfer increasingly relies on the concept of policy networks, but often in inductive, descriptive, and anecdotal ways. This article proposes a more robust method for the comparative analysis of policy networks, a method we term ‘event-focused network analysis’ (EFNA). The method assumes that networks are most clearly revealed in ‘events’ – conferences, meetings, workshops, etc. Databases of participants at these events provide the foundation for social network analysis of the networks of which they are part. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has hundreds of such events annually that are connected to a myriad of policy issues, thus allowing cross-sectoral network comparisons. The article begins with a review and critique of current approaches to network analysis, explains the EFNA approach, and then applies it to anti-corruption networks centred in the OECD. The case study shows the promise of the method, particularly in being able to trace a wider range of actors than is typical, taking us beyond the ‘usual suspects’ in conventional transfer studies.
Variations in start date, end date, frequency and intensity of yearly temperature extremes across China during the period 1961–2017
Authors: Han Jingya , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Wu Jingwen , Lei Xiaohui , Liao Weihong
Published: February 2020

Frequent temperature extremes due to climate change have had serious effects on human society and the natural environment. Using a 0.25° × 0.25° gridded Tmax (daily maximum temperature) and Tmin (daily minimum temperature) data set and 12 global climate models simulations from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we investigated variations in yearly temperature extremes in China during the past five decades with respect to four characteristics, namely, their start date, end date, frequency, and intensity. Results showed that the occurrence of nighttime extremes (the cold nights and warm nights) responded strongly to climate change. For 1961–2017, cold extremes started later (3.25 d/decade) and ended earlier (−4.58 d/decade), with decreased frequency (−6.56 d/decade), especially for cold nights, and weakened intensity (0.14 °C/decade). In the same period, warm extremes started earlier (−3.43 d/decade) and ended later (3.15 d/decade) with increased frequency (6.79 d/decade), especially for warm nights, and enhanced intensity (0.09 °C/decade). The spatial pattern of the variations was complex with anomalous regions. Multimodel ensembles (MMEs) from CMIP6 agreed well with observations regarding the average trends of temperature extremes over China, although detailed changes in spatial pattern were not captured adequately. The hazards of temperature extremes deserve close attention in the future due to the complex changes likely to occur across China for various characteristics of these temperature extremes under conditions of climate change.