bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Following Acute Resistance Exercise in
Untrained Females: A Comparative Study Between Vegans and
Omnivores
Authors: Njeim Pressila , Faust Andréa , Casgrain Juliette , Karelis Antony D. , Boutros Guy Hajj-
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess the levels of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
markers in individuals adhering to vegan and omnivore diets after engaging in
acute resistance exercise. A total of 54 untrained young, healthy,
normal-body-weight women (age: 26.8±4.1 years; body mass index:
22.5±2.7 kg/m2) participated in the study. Participants were
categorized into two groups: vegans (n=27) and omnivores (n=27) based on their
dietary preferences, with all subjects having adhered to their respective diets
for a minimum of 2 years. DOMS was induced by a single eccentric resistance
exercise session, comprising four exercises (leg press, chest press, leg curls,
and arm curls), each consisting of four sets of 10 repetitions. Various
measurements, including dietary factors, state of wellness, body composition,
muscle circumferences, muscle pressure point thresholds (PPTs), and muscle
strength, were recorded both before and 48 hours after the exercise session. The
results showed that wellness and muscle circumferences remained unchanged or
displayed similar changes between the vegan and omnivore groups following acute
resistance exercise. However, notable differences were observed in PPTs in favor
of vegans, specifically for the right biceps (95% CI: 1.4 to 10.2; p=0.01), the
left vastus medialis (95% CI: 0.5 to 6.4; p=0.02), and the right vastus
lateralis (95% CI: 3.2 to 12.1; p=0.001). Furthermore, significant differences
in right grip strength were found in favor of vegans after the exercise session
(95% CI: 3.1 to 26.2; p=0.01). In conclusion, our findings suggest that vegans
may experience more favorable changes in DOMS levels following acute resistance
exercise in comparison to omnivores. This discrepancy in DOMS markers may
indicate enhanced muscle recovery in vegans.
Patella Fractures after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Swartz Gabrielle , Albana Mohamed , Dubin Jeremy A. , Hameed Daniel , Bains Sandeep S. , Mont Michael A. , Delanois Ronald E. , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: July 2024

Periprosthetic patella fractures are a rare complication that can lead to severe disability following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There are several factors that increase the risk of this injury, including patient comorbidities, anatomic considerations, and surgical technique. With these factors limiting healing ability in the area, periprosthetic patellar fractures can pose a major challenge to treat, with potentially lasting morbidity for affected patients. These fractures can occur at any time following TKA and are classified based on their associated implant stability and disruption of the extensor mechanism using the Ortiguera and Berry classification system. Each of the three types of fractures can be managed in their own unique way; however, outcomes remain poor, and the complication rates remain high regardless of fracture type. This article provides an overview of the current literature and the recommended management of periprosthetic patella fractures.
Interatrial Wall Abnormality is Associated with Adverse Same-Admission Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Bruce B. , Uddin Abdullah A. , Mai David H. , Tozzi Declan , Wolfert Adam J. , Naziri Qais
Published: July 2024

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most common joint arthroplasty procedure and is shown to be a reliable and efficacious way to improve quality of life. Individuals with interatrial wall abnormalities (IAWAs), such as atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale (PFO), are at increased baseline risk for stroke and overall lifetime morbidity. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the association between IAWAs and perioperative TKA outcomes.

We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database. Admissions for TKA between 2010 and 2019 were identified using the international classification of disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 procedure codes. Patients with ICD-9-clinical modification (CM) diagnosis code 7455 or ICD-10-CM diagnosis code Q211 were assigned to the IAWA cohort, the primary exposure. Confounding variables included basic demographics, baseline health status, and surgical facility characteristics. The primary outcomes studied were medical complications, implant-related complications, and admission mortality. Univariate and adjusted multivariable regression analyses were used to identify associations.

Compared to patients in the non-IAWA cohort, those in the IAWA cohort had significant risks for same-admission medical complications (odds ratio [OR] 5.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.59–7.15; p < 0.001), implant-related complications (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09–2.12; p = 0.009), stroke (OR 77.46, 95% CI 58.4–101.2; p < 0.001), venous thromboembolism (VTE; OR 3.78 95% CI 2.47–5.51; p < 0.001), and mortality (OR 8.36, 95% CI 3.54–16.52; p < 0.001) following TKA.

Compared to patients without IAWAs, those with IAWAs who undergo TKA have higher risks for same-admission medical and implant-related complications as well as same-admission mortality. Similarly, these patients have higher risks for same-admission stroke and VTE. Further research on perioperative TKA management in patients with IAWAs is needed.

Level of Evidence is III: retrospective cohort study.
Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed Proficient Synthesis of Enaminones from Aryl Alkenes and Amines
Authors: Sau Subham , Das Krishna Mohan , Thakur Arunabha , Ghosh Swapnamoy
Published: July 2024

A simple, cost-effective, and modular strategy has been developed to synthesize synthetically and pharmaceutically active enaminones by oxidative amination of aryl alkenes with amines and CHCl3, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. We describe the synthesis of enaminones from vinyl arenes and sterically hindered N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) by employing an Earth-abundant cobalt salt as a catalyst within a very short reaction period for the first time. Furthermore, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized from these highly functionalized enaminones. Moreover, various control experiments, such as radical trapping reaction, along with a Hammett analysis with various types of substituents on the styrene ring unraveled the detailed mechanism of this reaction pathway.
Imaging Features and Recent Advances in Lymph Node Tuberculosis
Authors: Gowda Ramesh Harshith , Naranje Priyanka , Jana Manisha , Bhalla Ashu Seith
Published: July 2024

The burden of tuberculosis in our country persists, with diverse presentations affecting various organ systems, most commonly manifesting as pulmonary tuberculosis followed by nodal tuberculosis. While pulmonary involvement is frequently observed, nodal tuberculosis can present in isolation, commonly affecting cervical lymph nodes. Various imaging modalities play pivotal roles in diagnosis and assessment. Radiographs serve as initial screening modality in thoracic lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound is mostly used in cervical lymphadenopathy. Cases of thoracic and abdominal lymphadenopathy are usually evaluated with computed tomography but magnetic resonance imaging can be a radiation-free alternative. The role of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and newer modalities like shear-wave elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are briefly discussed.
Congruency and Emotional Valence Effects on Speech Production in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hebert Karen , Ahn Ji Sook , Azmi Hooman , Parulekar Manisha , Patel Sona
Published: July 2024

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit a variety of impairments in nonmotor symptoms including emotional processing and cognitive control that have implications for speech production. The present study sought to investigate whether impairments in cognitive processing in individuals with PD impact emotional sentence production as indicated by changes in speech rate. Thirty-six individuals (20 individuals with PD, 16 healthy controls) completed subtests 8A and 8B of the Florida Emotional Expressive Battery (FEEB) to elicit speech samples in five different emotional tones (happy, sad, angry, fear, and neutral). Sentences contained either semantically emotional or neutral information, resulting in conditions of congruency (same semantics-tone) and incongruency (different semantics-tone). Speech rate was impacted by the emotional tone of all participants. Individuals with PD demonstrated faster speech rates under conditions of conflicting semantic information than healthy older adults. Changes in speech rate under emotional conditions were not influenced by global measures of cognition or depression. The results of this study indicate that individuals with PD struggle to manage irrelevant information present during emotional speech production. Speech rate is a simple, easy-to-measure metric that may reflect cognitive processing impairments in PD.
Outcomes and Issues Addressed by Palliative Care in the Neurology Clinic
Authors: Leavell Yaowaree , Meyers Emma , Mendelson Ali , Penna Sarah , Brizzi Kate , Mehta Ambereen K.
Published: July 2024

Patients with neurological illnesses have many palliative care needs that need to be addressed in the outpatient clinical setting. This review discusses existing models of care delivery, including services delivered by neurology teams, palliative care specialists, telehealth, and home-based programs. We review the existing literature that supports these services and ongoing limitations that continue to create barriers to necessary clinical care for this vulnerable patient population.
Experimental study on dynamic fracture propagation and evolution during coal seam supercritical CO2 fracturing
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Zhao Kaikai , Song Xuehang
Published: July 2024

To explore coal fracture propagation mechanisms, the supercritical CO2 fracturing of coal seams was simulated under true triaxial stress with various injection methods, injection temperatures, and injection flow rates. The spatial–temporal distribution of the fracture propagation and evolution was located by acoustic emission monitoring. The microcosmic action mechanism of supercritical CO2 fracturing to form fractures and its advantages over conventional hydraulic fracturing are discussed in detail. The results suggest that due to the high porosity of coal, CO2 in the local area is subject to multi-phase transitions, which makes the spatial distribution of fractures more discrete and more complex. For coal seam fracturing, supercritical CO2 can reach the fracture tip and penetrate the coal substrate more easily than water. In addition, supercritical CO2 can access smaller channels than that of water, and thus, it tends to induce secondary fractures and connect natural fractures far from the injection site.
The thermodynamic effects of solute on void nucleation in Mg alloys
Authors: Munizaga Vicente , Falk Michael L.
Published: July 2024

Replica exchange transition interface sampling simulations in Mg–Al alloys with high vacancy concentrations indicate that the presence of a solute reduces thermodynamic barriers to the clustering of vacancies and the formation of voids. The emergence of local minima in the free energy along the reaction coordinate suggests that void formation may become a multi-step process in the presence of a solute. In this scenario, vacancies agglomerate with solute before they coalesce into a stable void with well-defined internal surfaces. The emergence of vacancy–solute clusters as intermediate states would imply that classical nucleation theory is unlikely to adequately describe void formation in alloys at high vacancy concentrations, a likely precursor for alloy strengthening through nanoscale precipitation.
Optofluidic phase modulator based on electrowetting liquid lens
Authors: Chen Tao , Ding Ke , Zhang Zhenqin , Chen Qirui , Guan Jianfei , Chen Jing , Xu Rongqing
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a liquid optical phase modulator modified from a cylindrical two-liquid electrowetting liquid lens is presented. A movable optical plane is constructed by fixing a transparent sheet between two immiscible liquids. By using the electrowetting effect to flatten the optical plane along the through-light direction, the length ratio of the two liquids in the through-light direction can be fine-tuned to modify the optical path to realize phase modulation. To validate this concept, we experimentally fabricated a prototype phase modulator and tested its phase modulation capability. Experiments show that the phase shift range can be up to 5.82 π and the phase shift accuracy can be up to λ/60, a drive time of 72 ms and a relaxation time of 34 ms within the range of applied voltage 40–80 V DC voltage.
Hyperdoping of germanium with argon toward strain-doping-induced indirect-to-direct bandgap transition in Ge
Authors: He Li , Wen Shu-Yu , Zhu Yuan-Hao , Wu Shao-Teng , Luo Jun-Wei
Published: July 2024

The first-principles calculations have recently shown that implanting sufficient noble gas atoms into germanium (Ge) can expand its lattice to achieve the desired tensile strain for indirect-to-direct bandgap transition to develop the on-chip high-efficient light emitter. Here, to experimentally prove this strain-doping concept, we implant argon (Ar) ions into Ge and then recrystallize the Ar-doped amorphous Ge (a-Ge) layer using nanosecond laser annealing (NLA) and furnace thermal annealing (FTA), respectively. The NLA effectively recrystallizes the 12 nm thick a-Ge layer with minimal loss of Ar dopants, while FTA fails to fully recrystallize it and results in significant loss of Ar dopants. The regrown Ge layer with Ar concentration above the critical value (0.8%) for bandgap transition is 3.8 nm thick, making it a challenge to distinguish the photoluminescence signal of strain-doped layer from the substrate. To overcome this, increasing the implantation energy and adding a capping layer may be necessary to further prevent Ar loss and achieve a strain-doped layer with sufficient depth. These findings provide promising view of the strain-doping concept for direct-bandgap emission from Ge.
Generation of high-energy self-mode-locked pulses in a Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Zheng Jiancheng , Xie Jinyu , Liu Qingqing , He Chaojian , Qi Yaoyao , Li Li , He Lihong , Liu Chibiao , Lin Xuechun , Yang Song
Published: July 2024

The incorporation of a material-based or artificial saturable absorber into a fiber laser cavity imposes a limitation on energy enhancement owing to its low damage threshold and high environmental sensitivity. To address this issue, one promising alternative approach is the utilization of the self-mode-locking technique. Here, we present a robust self-mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser with high pulse energy emission. A simple and compact fiber laser structure is realized by utilizing a section of a Tm-doped fiber, serving both as a gain medium and a saturable absorber. Thus, the operational stability is enhanced, especially under high-energy conditions. Furthermore, the realization of high-energy pulses is accomplished through the integration of dispersion management technique. Experimental results reveal that the maximum single-pulse energy increases from 34.8 pJ to 120.2 nJ as the round-trip group delay dispersion decreases from −0.43 to −12.40 ps2. The proposed self-mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser under high-energy operation exhibits remarkable performance. Our results provide a simple approach to obtaining a mid-infrared laser source with high pulse energy and hold significant potential for advancing high-energy laser systems.
High performance Ge/MoS2 heterojunction photodetector with a short active region
Authors: Li Liufan , Wen Xiaokun , Lei Wenyu , Di Boyuan , Zhang Yuhui , Zeng Jinghao , Zhang Youwei , Chang Haixin , Zhou Longzao , Zhang Wenfeng
Published: July 2024

We present a Ge/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction photodetector with a short active region constructed using a transfer process. The device exhibits broadband, self-powered, superior device performance within the visible to infrared wavelength (500–1700 nm) operated in a photovoltaic mode. Intriguingly, a sharp increased gain of 10 556 (93) with a varied breakdown voltage of −8.02 V (−6.25 V) under the 700 nm (1550 nm) laser illumination was observed, which was interpreted as the synergistic effect of both soft and avalanche breakdown behavior. These results imply disposable high-sensitivity broadband light-detection potentials with a simple Ge/MoS2 heterojunction, exempting it from the complex and strict construction requirement of conventional avalanche photodetectors.
Time-resolved imaging of GHz acoustic vibrations at arbitrary frequencies using asynchronous periodic probe laser pulses
Authors: Matsuda Osamu , Ueno Shohei , Tomoda Motonobu , Otsuka Paul H. , Wright Oliver B.
Published: July 2024

We present a technique for imaging gigahertz surface acoustic waves in the time domain at arbitrary frequencies, in which acoustic waves are excited asynchronously to the optical probe pulse train used to detect them. We apply this approach to the two-dimensional imaging of electrically excited single-frequency surface acoustic waves on a GaAs substrate with a deposited interdigital transducer. This technique significantly increases the possible fields of application for gigahertz acoustic wave device imaging.
In-plane absolute micro-displacement measurement based on a pixelated metasurface
Authors: Gu Wanghang , Zhang Xianfeng , Jia Linhua , Liu Junchen , Huang Haozhen , Zhang Fumin
Published: July 2024

In-plane micro-displacement measurement is a critical requirement in many engineering fields. In this work, we present a measurement system based on pixelated metasurface to achieve high-precision, absolute in-plane micro-displacement measurement within limited measurement space. By exploiting the wavelength selectivity of pixelated metasurface, the composite frequency light source is reflected to the camera, forming images containing features. Subsequently, a displacement ruler is established to obtain linear displacement values. The designed device achieves resolution as low as sub-micrometer levels for in-plane micro-displacement, with measurement errors within 0.5 and 1.3 μm for single-step displacements of 10 and 5 μm, respectively. The measurement scheme also exhibits good measurement stability over extended durations. The proposed scheme achieves absolute correspondence between displacement and reference values through visual images, and the system operates within a very small working volume. Therefore, it holds promise for application in engineering scenarios where absolute traceability of the target position is required and the measurement space is limited.
Pinpointing lattice-matched conditions for wurtzite ScxAl1−xN/GaN heterostructures with x-ray reciprocal space analysis
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Gopakumar Govardan , Abdin Zain Ul , Manfra Michael J. , Malis Oana
Published: July 2024

Using comprehensive x-ray reciprocal space mapping, we establish the precise lattice-matching composition for wurtzite ScxAl1−xN layers on (0001) GaN to be x = 0.14 ± 0.01. 100 nm thick ScxAl1−xN films (x = 0.09–0.19) were grown in small composition increments on c-plane GaN templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The alloy composition was estimated from the fit of the (0002) x-ray peak positions, assuming the c-lattice parameter of ScAlN films coherently strained on GaN increases linearly with Sc-content determined independently by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry [Dzuba et al., J. Appl. Phys. 132, 175701 (2022)]. Reciprocal space maps obtained from high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements of the (101¯5) reflection reveal that ScxAl1−xN films with x = 0.14 ± 0.01 are coherently strained with the GaN substrate, while the other compositions show evidence of relaxation. The in-plane lattice-matching with GaN is further confirmed for a 300 nm thick Sc0.14Al0.86N layer. The full-width-at-half-maximum of the (0002) reflection rocking curve for this Sc0.14Al0.86N film is 106 arc sec and corresponds to the lowest value reported in the literature for wurtzite ScAlN films.
Electrical transport characteristics of atomic contact and nanogap dynamically formed by electromigration
Authors: Zhao Tianran , Zhang Jieyi , Feng Hefa , Peng Shoujun , Xiang Dong
Published: July 2024

The feature size of circuits was gradually reduced to a few nanometers, which is prone to lead to the failure of the metal circuit even upon a low bias voltage due to the electromigration. Therefore, it is essential to understand the electrical transport characteristics of a narrow metal wire shrunk to atomic scale due to electromigration. To this end, we report that the approach for metal deposition and the underneath substrate play a critical role in determining the electron transport behavior. It is observed that the conductance of the narrow metal wire fabricated on a SiO2 substrate first rises and then decreases during the electromigration process when the cross section of the metal wire is reduced to a few atoms. However, such a phenomenon is not observed for the metal wire fabricated on a polyimide substrate. Assisted by component analysis technology, it is revealed that the metal atoms can penetrate into the underneath substrate during the metal deposition process, and the metal atoms buried in the different substrates result in distinguished conductance behavior.
Droplet–droplet vapor-mediated interactions in confined environments
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Macnaughton Euan , Orejon Daniel , Sefiane Khellil
Published: July 2024

The evaporation of multiple droplets ensues ubiquitously in nature and industry. Vapor mediation caused by evaporating neighboring droplets is a demonstrated phenomenon that shows that droplets can interact with each other via the vapor in both open and confined configurations, i.e., the “shielding effect.” However, interactions between paired droplets in confined environments, more common in industrial processes, remain unexplored. In this Letter, we experimentally investigate the evaporation of water based paired sessile droplets on hydrophilic glass slides at different spacings in the absence and presence of an enclosed chamber. The results demonstrate that a confined environment significantly attenuates droplet evaporation, which intensifies with decreasing spacing between droplets. A 30%–82% increase in the droplet lifetime is found for the shortest distance studied in a confined environment, while results in an open environment are provided as a control. Both the local shielding effect and the global vapor accumulation due to confinement collaboratively induce such strong evaporation suppression. In addition, two well differentiated evaporation regimes ensue in a confined environment where the shielding effect initially dominates the evaporation suppression, whereas confinement governs the later evaporation stage. The later stage accounts for over 60% of the droplet lifetime. Such transition and further evaporation suppression, when compared to the classical shielding effect, highlights the importance of a confined environment in multiple droplet evaporation.
A Japanese pragmatics of danger
Authors: Asano-Cavanagh Yuko , Cavanagh Robert F.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the meaning of two keywords which emerged in Japanese discourse during the Covid-19
crisis. These are: jishuku ‘self-discipline’, and dōchō-atsuryoku ‘peer-pressure’. Although
the Japanese keywords jishuku and dōchō-atsuryoku can be roughly translated into English,
literal translations do not convey the cultural nuances and complexities embedded in the expressions. Using the framework of
the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach, this study provides a new semantic analysis of jishuku and
dōchō-atsuryoku, based on evidence from newspapers, news reports, and social media. The semantic analysis
shows a contradiction between the values of “freedom of choice” and “sense of social obligation” and illustrates how an
analysis of cultural keywords can help to disentangle the complexities of contemporary Japanese “pragmatics of danger”.
Superheroes, war heroes, health care heroes
Authors: Sadow Lauren , Cox Katie
Published: July 2024

In times of crisis, you can rely on a hero to save you. At least, that’s what English-language media would
like you to think. The word hero is on an upward trend in English-language publications across the globe,
tipping us into its discursive world at its every use. This paper proposes that hero is an Anglo cultural
keyword which comes laden with its own discourses regarding courage, sacrifice, and saving lives. The 21st century has seen
unprecedented media communication, at the same time as political, humanitarian, and health crises, changing our priorities and
the ideals we look to (Porpora 1996; Schlenker
et al. 2008). By examining the media use of hero narratives, we can see how this keyword is reflective of the
current cultural landscape in different Anglo countries: whose lives we value, what actions are worthy, and who our ideal
person is (Butler 2009). We use discourse analysis of written and recorded media,
corpus data, and cultural semantics (Levisen and Waters 2017) to show the depth of
meaning in the word hero and untangle the distinct public narratives between unsung heroes, war
heroes, healthcare heroes, local heroes and sporting heroes.
Emergency messaging and dangerous translations
Authors: Diget Ida Stevia
Published: July 2024

The early onset of the Covid-19 pandemic brought a wealth of communication challenges. Rapid public access
to appropriate and accurate information was at the utmost importance, though greatly challenged by the rapidly changing nature
of the emerging crisis. This chapter investigates key issues pertaining to Covid-19 emergency public health messaging and
translatability. It is outlined how early Covid-19 discourse included novel vocabulary, previously unknown to the public. It
is argued that effective community-wide emergency public health messaging requires careful consideration of these initial word
choices, as the inclusion of novel terms can pose barriers for effective cross-translatability. This is because it is
uncertain whether equivalents exist or will develop in other languages. Further, time constraints can lead to suboptimal
translation practices, including the use of machine translation. In combination, this can lead to poor, and in the worst
cases, dangerous translation outcomes. Ultimately, this chapter suggests that in times of crisis, authoring messages with
translation in mind can foster better and more effective messaging outcomes.
Security, Sicherheit, ānquán
Authors: Goddard Cliff , Junker Tine-Marie , Ye Zhengdao
Published: July 2024

In this chapter we first develop a semantic-conceptual analysis of the English word
security, a key word in international geopolitical discourse, contrasting it with English
safety. We then investigate the meanings of comparable words in German and in Chinese, i.e.
Sicherheit and ānquán, respectively. Our method of lexical semantic description is the
NSM (natural semantic metalanguage) approach, which is based on paraphrase into simple, cross-translatable words. The analysis
is corpus-assisted. The results show that the meaning differences between “safety/security concepts” across languages are
greater than many people would expect, and, furthermore, that these differences are culture-related. The implications for
international “security discourse” are briefly explored.
Dirac fermions in a spinning conical Gödel-type spacetime
Authors: Oliveira R R S
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we determine the relativistic and nonrelativistic energy levels for Dirac fermions in a spinning conical Gödel-type spacetime in(2+1)-dimensions, where we work with the curved Dirac equation in polar coordinates and we use the tetrads formalism. Solving a second-order differential equation for the two components of the Dirac spinor, we obtain a generalized Laguerre equation, and the relativistic energy levels of the fermion and antifermion, where such levels are quantized in terms of the radial and total magnetic quantum numbersnandmj, and explicitly depends on the spin parameters(describes the ‘spin’), spinorial parameteru(describes the two components of the spinor), curvature and rotation parametersαandβ(describes the conical curvature and the angular momentum of the spinning cosmic string), and on the vorticity parameter Ω (describes the Gödel-type spacetime). In particular, the quantization is a direct result of the existence of Ω (i.e. such quantity acts as a kind of ‘external field or potential’). We see that formj>0, the energy levels do not depend onsandu; however, depend onn,mj,α, andβ. In this case,αbreaks the degeneracy of the energy levels and such levels can increase infinitely in the limit4Ωβα→1. Already formj<0, we see that the energy levels depends ons,uandn; however, it no longer depends onmj,αandβ. In this case, it is as if the fermion/antifermion ‘lives only in a flat Gödel-type spacetime’. Besides, we also study the low-energy or nonrelativistic limit of the system. In both cases (relativistic and nonrelativistic), we graphically analyze the behavior of energy levels as a function of Ω,α, andβfor three different values ofn(ground state and the first two excited states).
Magnetic irreversibility and magnetization processes in Ni5Al3/NiO core/shell nanoparticle system
Authors: Prakash Madduri P V , Kaul S N
Published: July 2024

This work brings out many interesting facets of magnetism in the Ni5Al3/NiO core/shell nanoparticle system. The weak and strong magnetic irreversibility lines (

T

W
I

(
H
)

and

T

S
I

(
H
)

) reproduce the previously reported H − T phase diagram at fields

H
⩽
30

 Oe, but strong departures occur for H > 30 Oe. Comparison with the theoretically predicted H − T phase diagram allows us to identify T

WI
with

T

C
G
+
S
G

, where the paramagnetic (PM)-chiral glass (CG) and PM-spin glass (SG) phase transitions occur simultaneously, and T

SI
with T

SG
, the temperature at which transition to the replica symmetry breaking SG state takes place. The

T

S
I

(
H
)

transition line abruptly ends at the point (

H
≃
30

 Oe,

T
≃
90

K). As H exceeds 30 Oe, a new transition appears which gets completely suppressed at fields

H
>
1
 
k
O
e

where the magnetic irreversibility ceases to exist. No intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic ordering exists but fields as low as 3 kOe suffice to induce long-range ferromagnetic order. At fixed temperatures, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy fluctuations essentially govern the ‘approach-to-saturation’ in magnetization for fields in the range 3 – 70 kOe. The present nanocrystalline system behaves as an isotropic system with random easy axis in which the magnetization reversal occurs through the coherent rotation of the magnetizations of weakly-interacting single-domain Ni5Al3 particles. Saturation magnetization, like M(T) at

H
⩾

2 kOe, exhibits an anomalous upturn at temperatures below ≈ 30 K. This upturn is associated with the anomalous softening of spin-wave modes which results in the thermal excitation of a large number of non-equilibrium (finite lifetime) magnons. At sub-Kelvin temperatures, these magnons undergo Bose–Einstein condensation.
Triplon analysis of magnetic disorder and order in maple-leaf Heisenberg magnet
Authors: Ghosh Pratyay
Published: July 2024

The nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the maple-leaf lattice formed by hexagons (couplingJh), triangles (couplingJt), and dimers (couplingJd), is investigated in a parameter regime whereJh>0andJt,Jd<0. This investigation aims to identify regions hosting exotic valence-bond solid states. Two potential magnetically disordered ground states are identified, and their stability is assessed through plaquette-triplon mean-field analyses. The resulting quantum phase diagram reveals that at large|Jt|and|Jd|, the system adopts a magnetically disordered dimerized VBS state, while for small|Jd|, it stabilizes a Néel state. A second-order phase transition from the dimerized phase to a Néel phase is observed, which, being Landau-forbidden, suggests the potential presence of exotic phenomena such as a deconfined quantum critical point or the appearance of a quantum spin liquid. This work provides insights into the phase diagram of the nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the maple-leaf lattice and lays the groundwork for further investigations into its intriguing physics.
Research on degradation analysis and health condition assessment method of phase shifter
Authors: Tang Shengxue , Tan Liqiang , Zhao Jinze , Yan Jinjing , Li Conghong
Published: July 2024

In high-power, high-reliability power supply systems, the switching operation of power devices is driven by phase shifters. Degradation or failure of the phase shifters leads to power device shoot-through and other failures, and reduces the power devices’ service lifetime. Aiming at the problem of phase shifter condition monitoring, a degradation model is proposed by analysing the degradation mechanism and aging process of the sensitive key components of the phase shifter, and then a health condition monitoring method with multi-dimensional features is presented in this paper. The multidimensional feature vectors in the time domain are extracted from the output voltage signals of different aging stages, and the time-domain feature separability of different health conditions is verified. Then the deep neural networks identification model based on deep learning technology is proposed to recognize the health condition of phase shifter. At last, the performance degradation simulation and experimental evaluation show that the proposed method can identify the phase shifter health conditions more accurately, and the accuracy rate can reach 95.892%.
First demonstration of Sn diffusion into gallium oxide from poly-tetraallyl tin deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition by thermal treatment
Authors: Park In Su , Seo Dahee , Baek Jongsu , Cho Byung Jin , Hwang Wan Sik , Kim Min Ju
Published: July 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is attracting attention as a next-generation semiconductor material for power device because it has a wide energy band gap and high breakdown electric field. We deposited a Sn polymer, poly-tetraallyl tin, on Ga2O3 samples using a disclosed initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process. The Sn dopant of the Sn polymer layer is injected into the Ga2O3 through a heat treatment process. Diffusion model of Sn into the Ga2O3 is proposed through secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis and bond dissociation energy. The fabricated device exhibited typical n-type field-effect transistor (FET) behavior. Ga2O3 Sn-doping technology using iCVD will be applied to 3D structures and trench structures in the future, opening up many possibilities in the Ga2O3-based power semiconductor device manufacturing process.
Fabrication and characterization of Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites for high performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: K Dhamodharan , Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2024

Binary nanocomposite-based electrodes have been studied extensively in recent times owing to their multiple oxidation states, excellent physico-chemical features, and combined morphology, which are suitable for increasing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The present work deals with Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode for supercapacitor applications. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations have been studied to analyze the phase formation, vibrational modes, morphology, elemental composition and binding energies of the prepared Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode material, as well as their electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been analyzed. The developed Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode provides a high specific capacitance of 454.3 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. Further, the hybrid supercapacitor device has been constructed which shows 104.04 F g−1 of specific capacitance at 2 A g−1 and manifests a good energy density of 24.42 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1299.89 W kg−1. Additionally, the hybrid device Sb2O3–MoS2//AC exhibits a good capacitive retention of 90.6% and a coulombic efficiency of 100.45% at 10 A g-1 over 8000 cycles.
A KP-mKP hierarchy via pseudo-differential operators with two derivations
Authors: Geng Lumin , Hu Jianxun , Wu Chao-Zhong
Published: July 2024

By using pseudo-differential operators containing two derivations, we extend the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy to a certain KP-mKP hierarchy. For the KP-mKP hierarchy, we derive its Bäcklund transformations, bilinear equations of Baker–Akhiezer functions and Hirota equations of tau functions. Moreover, we show that this hierarchy is equivalent to a subhierarchy of the dispersive Whitham hierarchy associated to the Riemann sphere with its infinity point and one movable point marked.
Robotic MR-guided high dose rate brachytherapy needle implantation in the prostate (ROBiNSon)—a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Rasing Marnix J A , van Schelven Leonard J , van Lier Astrid L H M W , Boskovic Ernest , van Son Marieke , Schokker Rogier I , van Vliet-van den Ende Katelijne M , Kelder Daniëlle D , Verkerk Jacqueline , van de Pol Sandrine M G , Lagendijk Jan J W , Peters Max , van der Voort van Zyp Jochem R N , Moerland Marinus A
Published: July 2024

Objective. A robotic needle implant device for MR-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy was developed. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and spatial accuracy of HDR brachytherapy using the robotic device, for a single intraprostatic target point. Approach. Five patients were treated from November 2019–June 2022 with the robot. The robot fits a 1.5 T MR scanner and the needle can be shifted and angulated. An intraprocedural MR scan was fused with the diagnostic MR and one preplanned needle position was selected for robotic insertion. The needle entry point and angles were set for a needle tip target point within the intraprostatic target volume. The needle was tapped stepwise towards the target point pneumatically. Final needle position was verified with MR, followed by plan optimization and dose delivery. Any remaining planned needles were inserted manually. Needle tip to geometrical target error (NTG-error) was defined as the deviation of the actual tip position relative to the predefined geometric target point, using MR-coordinates. Needle tip to treatment target error (NTT-error) was defined as the deviation of the actual tip position relative to the treatment target point, using fused MR-images pre- and post-needle implantation taking into account prostate deformation. Difference between NTT-error and NTG-error and fiducial marker shifts indicated prostate movement. For determining prostate deformation, the Jaccard index and prostate volumes were assessed. Main results. The robotic device was able to tap the needle to the planned depth for all patients. Mean robotic procedure duration was 142 min. NTG-error was 3.2 (range 1.1–6.7) mm and NTT-error 4.5 (range 2.6–9.6) mm. Marker displacements were smaller than 3 mm. No treatment-related acute toxicity was reported. Feasibility of needle placement within the prostate was considered adequate. Significance. MR-guided robotic needle insertion is feasible with a mean geometric accuracy of 3.2 mm and <3 mm prostate movement.
Individualized dose calculation for internal exposure on radionuclide intake: GPU acceleration approach
Authors: Yan Shuchang , Qiu Rui , Wu Zhen , Luo Xiyu , Hu Ziyi , Li Junli
Published: July 2024

Objective. The rapid and accurate assessment of internal exposure dose is a crucial safeguard for personnel health and safety. This study aims to investigate a precise and efficient GPU Monte Carlo simulation approach for internal exposure dose calculation. It directly calculates doses from common radioactive nuclides intake, like 60Co for occupational exposure, allowing personalized assessments. Approach. This study developed a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo program for internal exposure on radionuclide intake, successfully realizing photoelectronic coupled transport, nuclide simulation, and optimized acceleration. The generation of internal irradiation sources and sampling methods were achieved, along with the establishment of a personalized phantom construction process. Three irradiation scenarios were simulated to assess computational accuracy and efficiency, and to investigate the influence of posture variations on internal dose estimations. Main results. Using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) voxel-type phantom, the internal dose of radionuclides in individual organs was calculated, exhibiting relative deviation of less than 3% in comparison to organ dose results interpolated by Specific Absorbed Fractions in ICRP Publication 133. Employing the Chinese reference phantom for calculating internal irradiation dose from the intake of various radionuclides, the use of GPU Monte Carlo program significantly shortened the simulation time compared to using CPU programs, by a factor of 150–500. Internal dose estimation utilizing a seated Chinese phantom revealed up to a 75% maximum difference in organ dose compared to the same phantom in a standing posture. Significance. This study presents a rapid GPU-based simulation method for internal irradiation doses, capable of directly simulating dose outcomes from nuclide intake and accommodating individualized phantoms for more realistic and expeditious calculations tailored to specific internal irradiation scenarios. It provides an effective and feasible tool for precisely calculating internal irradiation doses in real-world scenarios.
Machine learning accelerated the prediction of mechanical properties of copper modified by TMDs based on molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Gao Ben , Zhao Gai , Shi Haoyu , Fang Shuntao , Liu Yuzhen
Published: July 2024

In this study, we constructed a dataset of elastic modulus and ultimate stress for copper material enhanced by Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, leveraging chemical insights, we selected appropriate descriptors and established machine learning prediction models for elastic modulus and ultimate stress, respectively. Finally, the performance of the machine learning models was evaluated using a test set. The results demonstrate excellent performance of the machine learning models in predicting material properties. This work presents a novel approach for efficient material screening, demonstrating the synergy between MD simulations and machine learning in advancing materials research and intelligent material selection platforms.
Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells with Bi2Te3 interlayer: insights from SCAPS simulation
Authors: Dagar Anju , Batra Yogita
Published: July 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained much interest due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Affordable, accessible, and efficient solar energy is crucial for a sustainable and clean future. In this article, we optimized PSC efficiency and performance with an interlayer (IL) of Bi2Te3 (BT). Cell performance and efficiency were improved by incorporating BT IL with varied thicknesses. BT IL promotes electron transport while protecting the underlying structure from chemical instability, improving device performance. This simple and low-cost technology for producing efficient and stable all-inorganic PSC holds considerable potential as a next-generation renewable energy source. The main focus is optimizing all-inorganic PSC using Solar Cell Simulator Capacitance software (SCAPS). We systematically explore the influence of BT thickness and defect densities on the device performance. The impact of charge carrier transport and overall photovoltaic performance is studied. Our findings reveal that introducing the BT IL leads to improved charge extraction, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced stability in the PSC. The optimized device configuration significantly enhances PCE compared to reference devices without BT IL. This study provides valuable insights into the potential use of BT ILs as a strategy to boost the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Superior selectivity for NH3 (NO2) gas molecules in In2SSe (Ga2SSe) Janus materials: a first-principles study
Authors: Abdur Nur Khandakar Alif , Hasan Khan Md Sakib , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic gasses are very detrimental, requiring superior sensitive and selective materials to sense and segregate them. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) tools we have explored the sensitivity and selectivity of CO2, CO, NH3, NO2, H2S, and SO2 gases in the promising group-III Janus Ga2SSe and In2SSe nanostructured materials. We have explored all the possible adsorption sites in the Ga2SSe and In2SSe monolayer for sensing the gases and found that all the gasses are physisorbed in the sites with the lowest adsorption energy of −0.392 eV (−0.167 eV) for NH3 (NO2) on top of Indium (on the bridge-3 site) site of In2SSe (Ga2SSe). All adsorbed gasses significantly alter the bandgap of Ga2SSe and In2SSe from their pristine value and NO2-adsorbed M2SSe (M = Ga, In) structure exhibits significant bandgap changes: ∼0.16 eV reduction in Ga2SSe and ∼0.3 eV reduction in In2SSe from the pristine value, signifying substantial increase in conductivity. Additionally, analyzing the total density of states (TDOS), it can be concluded that NH3 at the Indium site of In2SSe and NO2 at the Bridge-3 site of Ga2SSe exhibit the most significant conductivity changes. Considering charge transfer, it is determined that 0.727 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from In2SSe to NH3, while 1.05 e/Å−3 of charge is transferred from Ga2SSe to NO2 gas molecules, inferring that both NH3 and NO2 act as electron acceptors. Through this analysis, we found that NH3 is very selective on In2SSe while NO2 is selective on Ga2SSe Janus materials among the control gasses. This selectivity toward NH3 (NO2) gas on In2SSe (Ga2SSe) Janus material can open the new possibility of these materials for noxious gas sensing as well as NO2 utilization applications.
An advanced cryptographic scheme for DICOM medical image encryption using a novel spatiotemporal chaotic lattice
Authors: Ma Wenzheng , Wang Yu
Published: July 2024

Ensuring the privacy and security of medical imaging data is crucial. Most existing methods focus on encrypting images in common formats, neglecting the unique challenges posed by medical formats. In this paper an advanced encryption algorithm based on a multi-dimensional and multi-parametric spatiotemporal coupled chaotic lattice (Double-MsCcL) system is proposed. The Double-MsCcL system enhances the complexity of chaotic sequences, and provides a robust foundation for medical image encryption. The encryption method proposed combines double-layer random DNA diffusion and fractal random permutation. Medical information is embedded in the image pixels, serving as the cryptosystem key. The designed double-layer DNA random diffusion algorithm alters pixel values, while the fractal random permutation algorithm disrupts pixel positions. This proposed approach effectively hides sensitive information, strengthens resistance to plaintext attacks, and address the often-overlooked Uint16 format of DICOM images. Comprehensive performance evaluations have shown that the proposed encryption scheme offers significant advantages in protecting sensitive medical imaging data. Our algorithm exhibits better performance in resisting plaintext analysis, statistical, and differential attacks, demonstrating significant security compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, which can be widely applied in the field of modern medical data protection.