bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of coffee cultivars leaf rust-resistant subjected to framework pruning
Authors: Reis Estevam Antonio Chagas , Freitas Tainah , Carvalho Milene Alves de Figueiredo , Mendes Antônio Nazareno Guimarães , Rezende Tiago Teruel , Carvalho João Paulo Felicori
Published: May 2018

The goal of our work was to evaluate physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the relationship between these traits in coffee cultivars coming from a germplasm supposedly resistant to leaf rust, and their response to framework pruning. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Lavras in randomized blocks with three replicates, with spacing of 3.5 x 0.7 m and plots of 12 plants. An amount of 25 coffee cultivars was evaluated, from which 23 were considered resistant and two susceptible to leaf rust. Traits analyzed were the plagiotropic branch length and number of nodes, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, fluorescence and chlorophyll index, leaf area index, leaf rust incidence and yield. Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479, Araponga MG1 and Tupi IAC 1669-33 cultivars show highly responsive to framework pruning. These cultivars have high yield associated to high net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and low transpiration rate. Moreover, the last two cultivars show a low incidence of leaf rust. The Acauã cultivar has a good response to framework pruning, showing high yield associated to lower incidence of leaf rust. Catucaí Vermelho 785/15 cultivar is not responsive to framework pruning because show lower yield, high incidence of leaf rust, low vegetative growth and low water use efficiency.
Летальність у хворих з ускладненим синдромом діабетичної стопи з проявами сепсису згідно з рекомендаціями «Sepsis-3»
Authors: Shapoval S. D. , Тribushnyi О. V. , Savon І. L.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Провести порівняльний аналіз показників летальності у хворих із сепсисом на тлі ускладненого синдрому діабетичної стопи (СДС) з урахуванням протоколу Погоджувальної конференції (1992) та рекомендацій ІІІ Міжнародного консенсусу з визначення сепсису та септичного шоку («Sepsis-3»).
Матеріали і методи. Ретроспективно та проспективно проаналізовано 938 історій хвороб пацієнтів з ускладненим СДС. У 92 (9,8%) пацієнтів захворювання було обтяжене сепсисом. Згідно з рекомендаціями «Sepsis-3» використовували нову шкалу під час обстеження біля ліжка - qSOFA.
Результати. Аналіз летальних випадків з урахуванням рекомендацій «Sepsis-3» показав, що деякі форми септичного процесу віднесені до ускладнених невиправдано, тобто їх кількісна оцінка за шкалою qSOFA не перевищувала 1 бала. Це дало можливість визначити сепсис причиною смерті у 5 (11,9%) хворих, а септичний шок (СШ) - у 37 (88,1%).
Висновки. Впровадження рекомендацій «Sepsis-3» в клінічну практику дасть змогу уникнути розбіжностей у постановці діагнозу. За допомогою шкали qSOFA можна швидко і без значних матеріальних витрат диференціювати сепсис і СШ.
Зміни судин мікроциркуляторного русла шкіри та м’язів у хворих з ішемічною формою синдрому діабетичної стопи
Authors: Didenko S. М. , Subbotin V. Yu. , Каlenska О. V. , Каlenska L. V. , Savitska І. М. , Hupalo Yu. М. , Shved О. E. , Shapovalov D. U.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Виявити характерні зміни кровоносних судин шкіри та м’язів, а також базальних мембран епідермісу і судин у хворих з ішемічною формою синдрому діабетичної стопи (СДС) та провести морфометричну оцінку для визначення ключових критеріїв різних стадій цукрового діабету (цД).
Матеріали і методи. Досліджені 24 зразки шкіри та м’язів нижніх кінцівок (НК) хворих з ішемічною формою СДС на тлі стенотично-оклюзійного ураження артерій НК. Проведені морфологічні, імуногістохімічні дослідження для виявлення маркера проліферативної активності Кі-67 та маркера судинного процесу й базальних мембран колагену IV типу. Вимірювали та порівнювали товщину базальних мембран епідермісу та кровоносних судин, діаметр судин гемомікроциркуляторного русла (ГМцР) шкіри та м’язів, відсоток експресованих базальних кератиноцитів.
Результати. Зміни ГМцР скелетних м’язів були більш виражені, ніж зміни ГМцР шкіри, про що свідчили результати розподілу ШИК-позитивних сполук та колагену IV типу в базальних мембранах епідермісу та стінках кровоносних судин.
Висновки. На тлі діабетичної ангіопатії (ДА) у шкірі хворих рівень проліферації кератиноцитів знижувався до 25,8%.
Збільшення експресії маркера колагену IV типу, супроводжувалось потовщенням базальних мембран епідермісу в 2,7 та кровоносних судин в 3,1 разу.
Накопичення колагену IV типу та глікозованих сполук призводило до звуження просвіту всіх судин, особливо судин ГМцР. Внутрішній діаметр судин ГМцР у шкірі зменшувався: артеріол - на 39%, венул - на 28%, капілярів - на 49%. Внутрішній діаметр судин ГМцР у м’язах також зменшувався: артеріол - на 45%, венул - на 38%, капілярів - на 51%.
У скелетних м’язах звуження просвіту судин ГМцР було більш виражене, ніж у шкірі, та супроводжувалось більш вираженими патологічними проявами в цих тканинах.
Разработка методов численного анализа динамики функциональной активности спинного мозга у пациентов, перенесших осложненную спинальную травму
Authors: Pedachenko Yu. Е. , Nekhlopochin А. S.
Published: May 2018

Цель. Разработка методов численного анализа оценки неврологического статуса пациентов, перенесших позвоночно-спинномозговую травму (ПСМП).
Материалы и методы. На основании клинических наблюдений рассмотрены возможные варианты математической интерпретации динамики восстановления неврологического статуса и регресса неврологических расстройств.
Результаты. Разработаны методы расчета параметров «Динамика восстановления неврологического статуса» и «Динамика восстановления неврологических расстройств», характеризующих различные сферы регресса функционального дефицита у пациентов с травматическим поражением спинного мозга (СМ).
Выводы. Предложенные методы численного анализа могут использоваться для определения целесообразности и эффективности различных методов хирургической и медикаментозной коррекции у пациентов с ПСМП.
Ефективність місцевого застосування антимікробних засобів з програмованим вивільненням антисептика в рани пацієнтів з опіковою травмою
Authors: Nahaychuk V. І. , Paliy H. К. , Nazarchuk О. А. , Vovk І. М. , Dmytriiev D. V.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Вивчити динаміку вмісту клітинних елементів та ступінь мікробної колонізації (МК) опікових ран у гострому періоді опікової хвороби при застосуванні антимікробної композиції (АМК) з програмованим вивільненням декаметоксину (ДКМ).
Матеріали і методи. Досліджували цитологічно (метод ранових відбитків), мікробіологічно (кількісна, якісна ідентифікація мікроорганізмів - МО) загоєння опікових ран ІІІ ступеня (3, 7, 14, 21-ша доба). У групі спостереження (n=32) застосовували засоби з програмованим пролонгованим вивільненням ДКМ; у групі порівняння (n=29) - повідон-йод.
Результати. A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa найчастіше колонізували опікові рани. При застосуванні АМК встановлено зменшення МК ран (14-та доба - log 5,5 КУО/мл; 21-ша доба - log 2,4 КУО/мл), раннє (3, 7-ма доба) збільшення вмісту фагоцитуючих клітин (p < 0,001), маркерів регенерації (p < 0,05) та зменшення запального компонента з 14-ї доби. У групі порівняння визначали дегенеративний фагоцитоз на 7-му добу і пролонгацію запального компонента з 21-шої доби.
Висновки. Застосування АМК з програмованим вивільненням ДКМ ефективно зменшує МК, сприяє прискоренню репарації ран.
Вплив анестезії та післяопераційної аналгезії на ранню мобілізацію пацієнтів після артропластики кульшового суглоба
Authors: Kolomachenko V. І.
Published: May 2018

Мета. Аналіз впливу анестезії та післяопераційної (ПО) аналгезії на здатність пацієнтів рухатись після артропластики кульшового суглоба (КС).
Матеріали і методи. У 150 пацієнтів оцінювали дистанцію, яку вони проходили за 6 хв, протягом трьох діб після артропластики КС в залежності від методики інтраопераційної (ІО) анестезії та ПО аналгезії.
Результати. Пацієнти, яких оперували з використанням паравертебральної блокади в поєднанні з каудальною епідуральною анестезією, демонстрували кращі результати 6-хвилинного тесту в порівнянні з пацієнтами, яких оперували під загальною анестезією, в умовах провідникової анестезії та під спінальною анестезією. В післяопераційному періоді пацієнти, які отримували тривалу паравертебральну аналгезію, краще долали відстань за 6 хв порівняно з пацієнтами, яким застосовували системне введення опіоїдів та епідуральну аналгезію.
Висновки. Паравертебральна блокада сприяє ранньому фізичному відновленню пацієнтів після артропластики КС.
Segurança contra incêndios em edificações de interesse social: estudo de caso
Authors: Pereira Aderson Guimarães , González Miguel León
Published: May 2018

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as condições de segurança contra incêndios em edificações de interesse social pós-ocupação, sendo dado ênfase aos conjuntos habitacionais provenientes do Programa PROVER (antigo Cingapura), no Município de São Paulo. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e trata-se de um estudo de caso, a qual utilizou como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica, documental e a pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo utilizou-se de questionários e entrevistas, para verificar: as condições de manutenção e funcionamento dos equipamentos de proteção contra incêndios pós-ocupação; o nível de conscientização dos moradores e responsáveis pelo conjunto habitacional quanto à segurança contra incêndios; a participação dos órgãos públicos (Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo - PMSP e Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo - CBPMESP) junto à comunidade e no processo de fiscalização nos conjuntos. Foi também realizada consulta técnica ao Corpo de Bombeiros de São Paulo sobre as características construtivas da edificação. A pesquisa fundamenta-se em estudos sobre: política de habitação e segurança contra incêndios.

 

O estudo de caso realizou-se no Conjunto Habitacional Zaki Narchi, o qual está localizado na Avenida Zaki Narchi, no 626, entre o córrego do Carandiru e a rua Antônio dos Santos Neto, Bairro Carandiru, no Município de São Paulo - SP. O conjunto é composto por 35 prédios de cinco andares, quatro apartamentos por andar (total de 700 apartamentos). Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de que as instituições públicas, em especial ao Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, em conjunto com a Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, atuem na ação de educação pública, quanto à prevenção de incêndios e orientações aos usuários destas edificações.
The effects of hunting on willow grouse Lagopus lagopus movements
Authors: Olsson Gert E. , Willebrand Tomas , Smith A. Adam
Published: May 2018

A recent increase in the area open to hunters in the Swedish mountains has directed attention to the possibility of overharvesting and greater wildlife disturbance. Using radio‐telemetry, the movements of willow grouse Lagopus lagopus in a heavily hunted area were compared to movements in areas where hunting was prohibited. Although hunter density was higher than the regional average, no significant differences in movements, measured as rate or distance, between grouse in hunted and unhunted areas were found. Willow grouse did not move out of the hunted area, a common belief amongst many hunters. Seasonal migration was not induced by deliberate human disturbance. It is suggested that grouse reduce the risk of being killed by habitually moving within a familiar area with known escape sites (cover). Neither hunting, deliberate flushing or catch and release caused a change in the movement patterns of willow grouse. It is suggested that such disturbances were perceived as part of a naturally unpredictable predator environment, and not sufficient to alter grouse movements.
Commercial exploitation as a pest control tool for introduced mammals in New Zealand
Authors: Parkes John P. , Nugent Graham , Warburton Bruce
Published: May 2018

Factors that determine whether commercial exploitation of introduced mammals in New Zealand provides a useful method for reducing their densities and therefore their impacts on native biota are examined. The history of commercial harvesting of three introduced species, red deer Cervus elaphus, Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus and possums Trichosurus vulpecula is described. It is then assessed why the conservation outcomes of this harvesting have differed for these three species and an attempt is made to define some general rules about where and when commercial exploitation is a useful pest control tool. Commercial harvesters of red deer for game meat and byproducts have harvested over 2 million deer since 1960 and reduced the national population from over 1 million to a current population size of ca 250,000 deer, a 75% reduction overall. Current annual harvests average ca 20,000 deer, with annual variations explained largely (r2 = 0.89) by the price of venison. Commercial harvesting of thar for game meat between 1971 and 1982 killed at least 39,000 thar and reduced the population by over 90% to <5,000 animals. After the peak harvests before 1976, low annual harvests of only a few hundred animals were able to be sustained as thar were killed as bycatch of the deer industry ‐ but the harvest was stopped between 1983 and 1994 because of pressure from recreational hunters. Commercial exploitation of possums for fur began in 1921, with over 56 million skins being exported. The annual harvest is correlated with the price of furs. Compared with deer or thar, the prices paid per possum are low, and possums are much more abundant (ca 60 million) and ubiquitous pests. The annual harvests of possums have therefore been variable and never sufficient to have more than locally significant effects on population densities.
Impact of exotic generalist predators on the native fauna of Australia
Authors: Dickman Chris R.
Published: May 2018

This paper reviews the impacts of three species of introduced mammalian predators on native fauna in Australia. The feral cat Felis catus, introduced over 200 years ago, is linked with early continental extinctions of up to seven species of mammals, regional and insular extinctions of many more species of mammals and birds, and the failure of management programs attempting to reintroduce threatened native species to parts of their former ranges. Evidence for cat‐impact is largely historical and circumstantial, but supported by observations that afflicted native species are, or were, small (<200 g) occupants of open habitat and hence likely to be especially vulnerable to cat predation. The red fox Vulpes vulpes was released successfully in 1871. Its subsequent spread into all except parts of arid and tropical Australia coincided with local and regional declines of medium‐sized (450 – 5,000 g) mammals, birds and chelid tortoises. The fox has also created recent failures of many management attempts to recover threatened native species. Unequivocal demonstration of fox‐impact has been obtained in removal experiments, especially on rock‐wallabies Petrogale lateralis. The dingo Canis lupus dingo, introduced 3,500–4,000 years ago, probably caused the extinction of the thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus and Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii on mainland Australia. It effectively suppresses extant populations of large mammals, such as kangaroos, and emus, over large areas. Impacts of all three predators are wrought primarily by direct predation. Negative impacts appear to be increased in spatially fragmented forests where native species are restricted to remnant vegetation, and in arid landscapes when native species become restricted temporarily to scattered oases during drought. Alternative prey, especially rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, enhance negative impacts on native species by supporting large populations of the predators. It is concluded that feral cats and especially foxes have major negative impacts on certain small and medium‐sized native vertebrates in Australia, whereas dingoes have major negative impacts on large species. Dingoes could have positive effects on smaller native species if they significantly suppress populations of foxes and cats. Further quantification of both the direct and indirect impacts of the three predators on native fauna is needed, and should be obtained from experimental field studies.
Introduced carnivores in Europe with special reference to central and northern Europe
Authors: Kauhala Kaarina
Published: May 2018

The American mink Mustela vison, raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides and raccoon Procyon lotor are introduced carnivores in Europe. The first American minks were brought to European fur farms in the late 1920s, when also the first raccoons were released, and raccoon dogs were released in the 1930s. The numbers of American minks and raccoon dogs increased rapidly, and today they are widely distributed in Europe. The range of the raccoon is restricted to Germany and adjacent countries and Belorussia. Minks are generalist predators whereas raccoon dogs and raccoons are omnivorous. Thus, e.g. birds and their eggs form part of the diet of these species. Minks are known to have caused damage to colonial ground‐nesting sea‐birds. Some bird populations have, however, adapted to the presence of mink in a few years. The American mink may also have played a role in the decline of the European desman Galemys pyrenaicus in Spain and the water voleArvicola terrestris in England. It may also compete with the otter Lutra lutra, European mink Mustela lutreola and polecat M. putorius. Male American minks can mate with female European minks whose embryos may die. Hence, the American mink may be one of the reasons behind the decline of the European mink. Raccoon dogs can be locally harmful to waterfowl colonies and frogs, but their overall significance to the native fauna seems to be slight. Little is known about the predation or competition of the raccoon with the native fauna in Europe. The raccoon dog and raccoon can, however, be vectors of rabies; e.g. in Finland, the raccoon dog was the main vector of rabies during the epizootic in 1988–1989. The raccoon dog can also be a vector of e.g. sarcoptic mange and trichinosis.
Introductions of aquatic rodents: lessons of the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus invasion
Authors: Danell Kjell
Published: May 2018

The muskrat Ondatra zibethicus is one of the semi‐aquatic rodents that has been introduced into many areas of the world. It is regarded as a most successful vertebrate invader. In northwestern Europe, it was introduced to Finland in 1919 and to the Kola Peninsula in 1931. From these areas, it spread ‘naturally’ to Sweden and Norway, respectively. Here the history of the introduction, dispersal, population development, impact on plant communities, impact on man, and indirect and direct effects on other animals in northwestern Europe are reviewed. The biological features of the muskrat are discussed in relation to the attributes of other vertebrates that are regarded as successful invaders.
Dilemma of wildlife management and introductions in Hungary: Pheasant Phasianus colchicus as an example
Authors: Sugár László , Csányi Sándor , Faragó Sándor
Published: May 2018

Captive breeding and release of the ring‐necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus became very intensive in Hungary in the 1960s. In the peak year of 1977 over one million birds were harvested which was a 4‐fold increase compared to the late 1960s. In the late 1970s about one million birds were released annually. In the 1980s the number of harvested pheasants started to decrease in spite of the fact that more and more birds were released (about 1,8 million in 1990). The spring population size of the pheasant has decreased from nearly 2.5 million in the late 1970s to 700,000 in 1995. The most important factor responsible for the decline is the loss of favourable habitat due to large‐scale agriculture. Moreover, the increased proportion of released birds into the female pheasant population lowers the number of recruits per adult hen as has been shown in England. The mortality of wild hens and their progeny might also increase because of increased predation pressure and diseases e.g. botulotoxicosis ‐ which both result from the increased density due to the massive releases. It is now evident that improving habitat quality would be a better way to manage pheasant as well as other wildlife populations in Hungary, and a management program towards that end has been initiated.
The introduced raccoon Procyon lotor population in Germany
Authors: Lutz Walburga
Published: May 2018

The raccoon Procyon lotor has been naturalised in Germany since 1927. The most dense populations exist in the states Hessia, Northrhine‐Westphalia and Lower Saxony followed by Bavaria, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern. By 1985, the raccoon had crossed the borders to Germany's neighbouring countries with the exception of the Danish and Polish borders. The factors limiting population growth are the numbers of suitable resting and breeding places ‐ for which raccoons prefer oaks and beeches ‐ and food supply. The raccoon has not been shown to negatively affect any indigenous wildlife species. In Hessia, plant matter, invertebrates and vertebrates each make up about one third of the diet of the raccoon. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish are important in winter and spring. Invertebrates can be found in considerable amounts all year long, with the maximum percentages found in summer. Plants are the main source of food in autumn. The raccoon has not yet become a problematic species, not even in urban areas. However, cases of rabies in raccoons in Germany have been documented, although seldom compared to fox Vulpes vulpes, marten Martes spp. and deer, e.g Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus and Dama dama. Raccoons are also known as carriers of infectious diseases such as canine distemper, panleucopenia, Aujeszky's disease, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus. The first case of human infection by a parasite, the ascarid Baylisascaris procyonis, from a pet raccoon was reported in 1991. The extermination of the raccoon population is not considered to be feasible. The yearly hunting bag of raccoons in Germany comprises 2,000–3,000 individuals.
Clear‐cut areas and breeding success of Tengmalm's owls Aegolius funereus
Authors: Hakkarainen Harri , Koivunen Vesa , Korpimäki Erkki , Kurki Sami
Published: May 2018

The effect of mature forest fragmentation on breeding success of vole‐eating Tengmalm's owls Aegolius funereus was studied in western Finland during 1981–1995. The owl pairs produced more fledglings in territories with high (>30%) proportions of clear‐cut and plantation areas than in territories with low (<30%) proportions of such areas. Territory occupancy, clutch size, laying date, and parental characteristics such as wing length, body mass and age were not associated with the proportion of clearcut areas within territories. Snap‐trapping data from the ‘increase’ vole year 1994 revealed that the Microtus vole density tended to be higher in large clear‐cuttings than in small ones. The increasing amount of sapling and clear‐cut areas in coniferous forests during the last three decades has created suitable grass habitats for Microtus voles, and simultaneously new hunting habitats for Tengmalm's owls. Therefore, forest fragmentation due to clear‐cuttings may benefit Tengmalm's owls at the present scale. However, nest‐boxes should be erected and old groves should be protected, because forest harvesting apparently reduces the number of suitable natural cavities for owls in the long run.
Sign surveys for estimating trend of a remnant brown bear Ursus arctos population in northern spain
Authors: Clevenger Anthony P. , Purroy Francisco J.
Published: May 2018

Brown bears Ursus arctos in Spain's Cantabrian Mountains are continuing to decline in numbers despite their protected status. Recovery plans for this population stress the need for monitoring of occupied habitat using non‐intrusive methods. A population monitoring program to estimate bear abundance indices by quantifying tracks and scats (sign surveys) along a network of survey routes was designed. Each route was divided into consecutive 1,6‐km segments, which comprised the basic sampling unit, and were assumed to provide independent observations. During a 3‐year pilot study surveys were run twice per year, totaling 70 routes, including 950 segments, and covering over 1,500 km annually. Averages of 0.06 sign per segment were observed; only 4% of the segments had sign. It is concluded that the present sampling scheme does not provide enough statistical power to accurately detect significant declines in population level. The difficulties of monitoring trends of low density populations using surveys are recognized. However, by increasing the sampling intensity, more reliable information and greater precision of the population trend estimate should be obtainable. Thus, a future monitoring strategy should be based on increasing sampling intensity and closely monitoring bear distribution and occurrence.
Weather and grouse population dynamics
Authors: Lindström Jan
Published: May 2018

One paradigm in the biology of game animals is that short‐term fluctuations in population densities can be explained with variations in weather. A number of empirical models have been produced supporting this view. However, validation of such models has often been lacking or insufficient. Two methods for checking the validity of such models are presented. The first method is to derive a model for one population and test it against another data set. The second method is to evaluate the forecasting power of the model. For these purposes, the relation between 36 weather variables and population parameters of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, black grouse T. tetrix, and hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia was studied using population data (1964 – 1984) from three adjacent provinces in Finland. Total population size, number of juveniles and population growth rate were used as dependent variables. Prior to the analyses, the population data were ln‐transformed and detrended. Stepwise regression analysis was used with province‐specific weather data as explanatory variables. These models were then used to make forecasts one year ahead for each species and province, and the prediction was tested against observed data. Transferred models from the other provinces were also used. The requirement for a good empirical model is that it should be possible to use the model on similar problems in nearby areas. Stepwise regression analyses yielded reasonable fits in most cases ( ranging between 0.2 – 1.0). However, a model from a given province invariably produced a poor fit when applied to another province. Forecasting the population dynamics was only occasionally successful, and was not directly related to the fit of the models. The results suggest that it may often be hazardous to use weather data for predicting population fluctuations of game species, especially for management purposes. This conclusion was further strengthened by demonstrating that using 36 province‐specific white noise variables, it was possible to build models with fit and forecasting properties essentially equal to those of the weather‐based models.
Bed‐site selection by adult roe deerCapreolus capreolusin southern Norway during summer
Authors: Mysterud Atle
Published: May 2018

Bed‐sites of radio‐collared adult roe deerCapreolus capreoluswere identified during summer 1994 in the Lier valley, southern Norway. Site characteristics were measured at the bed‐site and at a randomly chosen site 50 m away. Roe deer preferred to bed down below dense canopy cover, but showed no preference for bedding close to tree trunks. The availability of herbs was higher at bed‐sites than at random sites, and higher at bed‐sites used by females than at bed‐sites used by males. On warm days the abundance of herbs at bed‐sites was lower than on cold days, indicating movement away from feeding sites. During warm days roe deer selected bed‐sites with humid substrates, probably to increase heat loss by conduction. Bed‐sites were well concealed.
The risk of moose Alces alces collision: A predictive logistic model for moose‐train accidents
Authors: Gundersen Hege , Andreassen Harry P.
Published: May 2018

We used logistic models to estimate the risk of moose‐train collisions for the R⊘rosbanen railway in Norway. During 1990–1997, a total of 13,506 train departures were registered along R⊘rosbanen during the months when the risk of collision was highest (December to March). The statistical model selected to predict the risk of moose‐train collisions included train route, time of day, lunar phase and average train speed, as well as two climatic covariables, i.e. snow depth and temperature. Trains running at night, in the morning or in the evening experienced a higher risk of collision with moose Alces alces than day trains. The probability of collision was also higher during nights of full moons than during nights of half or no moons. As observed previously with trains in Norway moose‐kills increased with increasing snow depth and decreasing temperatures. To test the predictability of the model, we used a logistic model based on train departures during 1990–1996 to predict the number of moose‐train accidents during winter 1996/97. Although the model had a satisfactorily high predictability, the best models would probably be those based on a combination of both temporal and spatial aspects. We discuss how logistic models may be applied to introduce remedial actions on high‐risk routes or during high‐risk periods.
Predicting population fluctuations with artificial neural networks
Authors: Lindström Jan , Kokko Hanna , Ranta Esa , Lindén Harto
Published: May 2018

Successful predictions of population fluctuations are valuable in game management, as population estimates are instrumental in increasing the time available for management decisions. However, finding a population model which produces predictions accurate enough to be used for management purposes is often precluded due to scarcity and noisiness of population data. Using two long‐term population data sets, 1964–1984 data on Finnish grouse (Tetrao urogallus, T. tetrixandBonasa bonasia) and 1914–1950 data on coloured foxVulpes fulvafrom Canada, we demonstrate the use and power of an artificial neural network in predicting population fluctuations. The performance of an artificial neural network model is compared to two benchmark forecasts: time series mean and the previous data value. Unfortunate as it is, in practise management decisions often have to be made with limited data. Therefore, a notable advantage of neural network modelling is the forecast accuracy even in cases when the time series available are short and noisy, and the processes underlying population fluctuations are not fully understood.
The diet of brown bears Ursus arctos in central Scandinavia: effect of access to free‐ranging domestic sheep Ovis aries
Authors: Dahle Bjørn , Sørensen Ole J. , Wedul Egil H. , Swenson Jon E. , Sandegren Finn
Published: May 2018

The seasonal food habits of brown bears Ursus arctos were estimated based on the analysis of 266 scats in central Norway and Sweden. Free‐ranging domestic sheep Ovis aries were common in the Norwegian part of the study area, but were not found in the Swedish part. Correction factors were used to correct for differences in digestibility and nutritional value of different foods. Because correction factors for ungulates are difficult to estimate, the results should be interpreted with some caution. In terms of digestible energy, ungulates, mostly carrion, were the most important food in both areas during spring. During summer, ants, forbs, and ungulates (reindeer Rangifer tarandus and moose Alces alces) were the most important food items in the Swedish area, and sheep were most important in the Norwegian area. The autumn diet was dominated by berries in the Swedish area and sheep and berries in the Norwegian area. Among berries, crowberry Empetrum nigrum was the most important species, followed by bilberry Vaccinium myrtiUus in Sweden. The major difference between the Swedish and Norwegian areas was the large consumption of sheep in Norway, which provided protein and lipids, and was associated with a relatively reduced consumption of ants and forbs in summer and berries in the autumn. Based on different ingestion rates among the seasons, we estimated the relative contribution of major foods to total digestible energy. In the Swedish area, bears obtained 44–46 and 14–30% of their total annual energy from berries and ungulates, respectively. The remaining energy was obtained from insects (14–22%, mostly ants) and forbs and graminoids (12–18%, mostly blue sow thistle Cicerbita alpina). In Norway, bears obtained 65–87% of the energy from ungulates (mostly sheep), 6–17% from berries, 5–13% from insects, and 2–6% from forbs and graminoids. To gain weight prior to denning, brown bears in Norway selected lipid‐rich and easily obtainable sheep in summer and autumn. In Sweden, they relied on carbohydrate‐rich berries in autumn.
Pemanfataan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Supianti In In
Published: May 2018

UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING. The aims of this study are (1) to explain the definition of Information and Communication Technology (ICT); (2) to explain the importance of ICT used in Mathematics Learning; (3) to describe how much ICT used in Mathematics Learning in indoensia; (4) to elaborate the positive and negative effects of implementing ICT used in Mathematics learning. The methods used are literature review and description of interviews to educators and learners in the field of mathematics education. Information and Communication Technology is an electronic equipment consisting of hardware and software as well as any activities related to processing, manipulation, management, and transfer of information between media. It has has a function to produce quality and communicative information. In Indonesia, the use of Information and Communication Technology is still in integrating level, shown by the use of technology in learning. The utilization of information technology, in addition to efforts to overcome the technical problems of learning as a learning medium, as well as an effort to answer the substantial problem of learning as a source of teaching and encourage computer literacy acceleration in Indonesian society.
Marco Polo. Le Devisement dou monde
Authors: Eusebi Mario , Burgio Eugenio
Published: May 2018

Il testo del Devisement dou monde (o Milione, secondo la tradizione italiana) trasmesso dal codice parigino fr. 1116 rappresenta la forma linguisticamente più vicina alla superficie discorsiva originale dell’opera poliana. Dopo l’edizione del 2010 Mario Eusebi ne ha rivisto la lezione: il frutto di tale revisione (già disponibile al lettore nell’edizione digitale di Dei viaggi di Messer Marco Polo di Giovanni Battista Ramusio, in questa collana, vol. 5) torna alla tradizionale forma-libro, accompagnato dal glossario integrale e dagli indici dei nomi e dei toponimi, curati da Eugenio Burgio.
Aesthetic Cognition
Authors: McKeon Michael
Published: May 2018

How did eighteenth-century British authors encounter, and respond to, this question: are we able to feel the emotions of other people? How did the dominance of empirical epistemology shape their responses? During this period, the ideas of the aesthetic, and then realism, were developed on the explicit model of scientific or experimental knowledge by Dryden, Addison, Fielding, and
Johnson. The key to this analogy was the notion that both kinds of knowledge are virtual products of mental operations that abstract from the actual sense impressions that are, for empiricism, the foundation of all knowledge. The major difference between the scientific understanding and the aesthetic and realist imagination lies in the degree of distance each takes from the senses.
The distance taken by the imagination is comparatively moderate, as can be seen in the fact that the virtual images that are its product still reflect the appearance of the actual nature from which they are abstracted. The distance taken by scientific understanding is far greater, producing not recognisable images of nature but fully abstracted concepts or numbers. Our knowledge of
what other people feel comes not from any sensible connection we have to them, but from our imagination of what we might feel were we in the same circumstances as they are. This is especially evident in the response we have to artistic representations of others. But our imaginations mediate between us and others in all knowledge we have of the mental states of others; and although concepts are not produced by this knowledge, it is nonetheless a cognitive operation.
Zionism in Sweden
Authors: Narrowe Morton
Published: May 2018

The first Zionist Congresses left the Jewish majority in Sweden relatively untouched. It is true that Professor Gottlieb Klein, the influential Rabbi of Stockholm, a student and personal friend of the great German reformer, Abraham Geiger, and to a lesser extent his colleague in Gothenburg, Dr. Koch, did oppose the Jewish national movement, but not until January 1910, when the first Zionist society was founded in Stockholm, did Swedish Jews seriously consider this alternative to their “prophetic” Judaism. Efforts by the Zionists in Sweden to gain public attention for themselves were mainly ineffectual until Kurt Blumenfeld, the General Secretary and Chief of Information for the World Zionist Organization in Berlin, visited Stockholm and Gothenburg in 1912 to deliver several open lectures.
Private Gardens as Urban Greenspaces: Can They Compensate for Poor Greenspace Access in Lower Socioeconomic Neighbourhoods?
Authors: Mahmoudi Farahani Leila , Maller Cecily , Phelan Kath
Published: May 2018

The increasing process of urbanisation has major implications for the environment, biodiversity, and health and well-being of urban residents. Empirical evidence for urban greening benefits suggests that it is an appropriate planning and policy approach for tackling some of the problems associated with urbanisation, including biodiversity loss and heat island effects. Gardens on private residential lots represent a substantial proportion of greenspaces in low density cities with extensive suburban areas. Drawing on a qualitative study of residents in Sunshine North, Melbourne, Australia, this paper discusses three questions about the relationship of private gardens to public greenspaces:1) how does residents’ use of private gardens impact their use of other neighbourhood greenspaces;2) can private gardens address inequality of access to greenspaces in lower income neighbourhoods; and,3) what does this imply for planning and neighbourhood design?Contrary to previous research, the findings did not show a meaningful relationship between residents’ use of their gardens and local greenspaces, and further, that large yards and gardens do not substitute for poor access to local greenspaces.  The paper concludes that policy makers and planners cannot assume private gardens and public greenspaces are interchangeable. While private gardens and local greenspaces can both provide positive benefits to residents, private gardens do not act as a substitute for local greenspaces in neighbourhoods of varying socio-economic status.
Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi dalam Permainan Tradisional Jawa
Authors: Risdiyanti Irma , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra
Published: May 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi terkait hubungan antara matematika dengan budaya, khususnya dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa yang ada di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi yang merupakan sebuah pendekatan teoritis dan empiris untuk mendapatkan deskripsi dan analisis mendalam tentang sebuah budaya berdasarkan catatan lapangan yang telah diperoleh dari hasil pengumpulan data. Fokus dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi etnomatematika dalam permainan tradisional masyarakat Jawa, seperti permainan tradisional Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, dan Jeg-Jegan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa memiliki berbagai konsep matematika, seperti operasi bilangan, bangun datar, kesebangunan, kekongruenan, perbandingan bilangan, dan relasi. Selain itu, permainan tradisional tersebut juga mengandung nilai-nilai budaya, yang mulai ditinggalkan oleh sebagian masyarakat.

Kata kunci: etnomatematika, permainan tradisional, budaya Jawa, etnografi.

 

ABSTRACT

The study aims to explore the correlation between mathematics and Javanese culture, especially in Yogyakarta. This research uses etnography approach, that is empirical and theoritical approach to get the description and deep analysis about a culture based on the field note which has been obtained from the data collection. The focus of this research is study etnomathematics in Javanese traditional games namely Kubuk, Kubuk Manuk, Dhukter, Macanan, and Jeg-Jegan. The result shows that Javanese traditional games have the concepts of mathematics, such as number operations, plane, congruence, proportion number, and relation. In addition, the traditional games also contain cultural values, which began to be left by some people.

Keywords: ethnomathematics, traditional games, Javanese culture, ethnography
O pedagogo e sua atuação profissional: repensando a prática a partir de uma postura investigativa.
Authors: Almeida Adriana Neves , Azevedo Rosa Oliveira Marins
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo será discutida a atuação profissional do pedagogo na Educação Profissional, tendo como parâmetro a compreensão acerca do seu papel em uma instituição escolar, bem como as atividades que este deveria desenvolver em prol da melhoria dos processos educativos. Delineamos ainda como objetivo: debater a possibilidade desse profissional repensar sua prática a partir de uma postura investigativa. A metodologia utilizada foi a leitura de referenciais teóricos que subsidiaram a produção de fichamentos, elaboração de sínteses e produções textuais que culminaram neste trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a atuação do profissional de pedagogia deve articular-se com a pesquisa, tendo em vista que esta permite uma reflexão sobre a sua prática e a resolução de situações-problemas, como também deve permear no desenvolvimento de formação continuada aos professores nas instituições escolares.
Taxonomia de Bloom como Ferramenta de Ensino e Aprendizagem na Formação Superior em Modalidade à Distância
Authors: Sevalho Elison De Souza
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise sobre a obtenção de ensino e aprendizagem na educação superior à distância utilizando a Taxonomia de Bloom. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática considerando as contribuições de autores para enfatizar a importância da Taxonomia de Bloom como ferramenta centrada no processo de aprendizagem. De acordo com a literatura científica, este método de ensino é de extrema valia aos profissionais envolvidos em todas as etapas do desenvolvimento, execução e avaliação, auxiliando no esclarecimento do planejamento de ensino, na geração de material instrucional de forma estruturada, integrada e padronizada, definindo estratégia de aprendizagem para educação à distância.
Setting pressure can change the size and shape of MRI artifacts caused by adjustable shunt valves: a study of the 4 newest models
Authors: Uchida Daiki , Amano Yuki , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Masui Takayuki , Ando Naoto , Nakayama Teiji , Sato Haruhiko , Sameshima Tetsuro , Tanaka Tokutaro
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Adjustable shunt valves that have been developed for the management of hydrocephalus all rely on intrinsically magnetic components, and artifacts with these valves on MRI are thus inevitable. The authors have previously reported that the shapes of shunt artifacts differ under different valve pressures with the proGAV 2.0 valve. In the present study the authors compared the size and shape of artifacts at different pressure settings with 4 new-model shunt valves.

METHODS

The authors attached 4 new models of MRI-resistant shunt valve to the temporal scalp of a healthy volunteer: the proGAV 2.0; Codman Certas Plus; Polaris; and Strata MR. They set 3 different scales of pressures for each valve, depending on magnet orientation to the body axis. Artifacts were evaluated and compared among all valves on a 3.0-T GE scanner and 2 valves were also evaluated on a Philips scanner and a Siemens scanner. In-plane artifact sizes were evaluated as the maximum distance of the artifact from the expected scalp.

RESULTS

The sizes and shapes of artifacts changed depending on valve pressure for all valves on the 3 different MRI scanners. Artifacts were less prominent on spin echo sequences than on gradient echo sequences. For diffusion-weighted imaging and time-of-flight MR angiography, the authors matched image numbers within the same sequence and compared appearances of artifacts. For all valves, the number of images affected by artifacts and the image number showing the largest artifact differed among valve settings.

CONCLUSIONS

Artifacts of all adjustable shunt valves showed gross changes corresponding to pressure setting. Not only the maximum distance of artifacts but also the shape changed significantly. The authors suggest that changing pressure settings offers one of the easiest ways to minimize artifacts on MRI.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of proactive Gamma Knife surgery for asymptomatic meningiomas compared with the natural course without intervention
Authors: Kim Kyung Hwan , Kang So Jeong , Choi Jung-Won , Kong Doo-Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to verify the effect of proactive Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in the treatment of asymptomatic meningioma compared with the natural course without any therapeutic intervention.

METHODS

From January 2006 to May 2017, 354 patients newly diagnosed with asymptomatic meningioma were reviewed and categorized into GKS (n = 153) and observation (n = 201) groups. Clinical and radiological progression rates were examined, and changes in volume were analyzed.

RESULTS

Clinical progression (i.e., clinician-judged progression), combining symptomatic progression (n = 43) and clinician-judged increase in size using images routinely acquired (n = 34), occurred in 4 patients (2.6%) and 73 patients (36.3%) in the GKS and observation groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The clinical progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the GKS and observation groups were 98.7% and 64.6%, respectively, at 5 years (p < 0.001), and 92.9% and 42.7%, respectively, at 10 years (p < 0.001). The radiological tumor control rate was 94.1% in the GKS group, and radiological progression was noted in 141 patients (70.1%) in the observation group. The radiological PFS rates in the GKS and observation groups were 94.4% and 38.5%, respectively, at 5 years (p < 0.001), and 88.5% and 7.9%, respectively, at 10 years (p < 0.001). Young age, absence of calcification, peritumoral edema, and high T2 signal intensity were correlated with clinical progression in the observation group. Volumetric analysis showed that untreated tumors gradually increased in size. However, GKS-treated tumors shrank gradually, although transient volume expansion was observed in the first 6 months. Adverse events developed in 26 of the 195 GKS-treated patients (13.3%), including 1 (0.5%) major event requiring microsurgery due to severe edema after GKS. Peritumoral edema was related to the development of adverse events (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Asymptomatic meningioma is a benign disease; however, nearly two-thirds of patients experience tumor growth and one-third of untreated patients eventually require neurosurgical interventions during watchful waiting. GKS can control tumors clinically and radiologically with high probability. Although the risk of transient adverse events exists, proactive GKS may be a reasonable treatment option when there are no comorbidities limiting life expectancy.