bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPORTAMENTO EMOCIONAL DE FUNCIONÁRIOS FORA DA LINHA DE FRENTE DURANTE CRISES: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE INDÚSTRIAS ESSENCIAIS E NÃO ESSENCIAIS
Authors: Osorio María Lucila , Madero Sergio , Castillo Ernesto del
Published: November 2023

RESUMO As emoções dos funcionários devem ser consideradas como dados para identificar, analisar e utilizar no desenvolvimento de estratégias organizacionais durante as crises. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e comparar as emoções dos funcionários de setores classificados como essenciais e não essenciais durante os primeiros dias da pandemia da Covid-19, classificada como uma grave crise organizacional. Uma análise de conteúdo mostra que as mesmas emoções existem em ambos os grupos, mas em proporções diferentes. Na indústria essencial, os funcionários demonstraram mais interesse, menos ansiedade e menos compaixão. Isso se deve a um maior senso de propósito e segurança conferido pelo tipo de indústria. Otimismo, gratidão e amor aparecem de modo semelhante em ambas as indústrias. Variáveis relacionadas ao trabalho e fatores demográficos não têm incidência na prevalência das emoções. Como contribuição, este estudo encontrou semelhanças e diferenças entre os setores e fornece uma compreensão relevante e profunda de como a pandemia da Covid-19 determinou o estado emocional dos funcionários.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in pig intended for human consumption: seroprevalence, risk factors and influence of biosecurity measures
Authors: Scofano Agostinho Sergio , Arruda Igor Falco , Teixeira Jessica Nogueira , Cunha Nathalie Costa da , Nascimento Elmiro Rosendo do , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis , Millar Patrícia Riddell
Published: November 2023

Abstract A serologic and epidemiologic study was carried out in order to determinate herd and animal seroprevalence and associated factors for Toxoplasma gondii in commercial pigs from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 416 pigs from 55 producer farms in 27 municipalities. An indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify the associated risk factors using a questionnaire. The T. gondii antibody prevalence rate in commercial swine herds was 15.4% (64/416) using a cutoff of 1:64. The seropositivity for T. gondii was related to the presence of cats, water origin and age of swine in the increase of seroprevalence, and the existence of internal isolation fences and use of composting chambers as protective factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report anti- T. gondii antibodies in the serum of pigs in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This finding is important to public health because seropositive pigs can harbor tissue cysts in their meat, thereby representing a zoonotic risk for consumers of raw or undercooked porcine meat or its products.
Liquefaction susceptibility of clayey sands under saturated and partially saturated conditions
Authors: Fardad Amini Pedram , Yang Jun
Published: November 2023

Experiences from previous earthquake events have indicated that sands containing non-plastic (silt) or plastic (clay) fines are susceptible to liquefaction. These experiences underline the need for improving the fundamental understanding of the seismic behaviour of silty and clayey sands and for developing appropriate methods to evaluate their liquefaction potential. This paper presents an attempt to elucidate the integrated effects of fines (non-plastic silt and plastic clay) inclusion and degree of saturation on the cyclic behaviour and liquefaction resistance of sands based on systematic experiments. One of the notable findings of the study is that, apart from the familiar mode of cyclic mobility, clayey sand can also undergo flow-type failure under either fully or partially saturated conditions. The unified correlation between the cyclic resistance ratio and the state parameter (ψ), established earlier for clean and silty sand in the framework of critical state soil mechanics, is found to work for clayey sand as well. Furthermore, it is shown that the impact of saturation on the cyclic strength of clean and clayey sands can be reasonably characterised using the compression wave velocity normalised by the shear wave velocity.
Between syntax and morphology: German noun+verb units
Authors: Schäfer Roland , Sayatz Ulrike
Published: November 2023

We show that graphemic variation—at least in some writing systems—can be analysed in terms of grammatical variation given a usage- based probabilistic view of the grammar-graphemics interface. Concretely, we examine a type of noun+verb unit in German, which can be written as one word or two. We argue that the variation in writing is rooted in the units’ ambiguous status in between morphology (one word) and syntax (two words). The major influencing factors are shown to be the semantic relation between the noun and the verb (argument or oblique relation) and the morphosyntactic context. In prototypically nominal contexts, a reinterpretation of the unit as a noun+noun compound is facilitated, which favours spelling as one word, while in prototypically verbal contexts, a syntactic realisation and consequently spelling as two words is preferred. We report the results of two large-scale corpus studies and a controlled production experiment to corroborate our analysis.
The Illusion of Accuracy: Simulating the Cruades in Ancestors legacy (2018)
Authors: Rubio Arevalo Juan Manuel
Published: November 2023

Ancestors Legacy is a 2018 real-time strategy video game set in the Middle Ages. The game was developed by the controversial Polish studio Destructive Creations, whose members have been accused of sympathizing and supporting far-right movements online. This ideological support can be seen in their video games, some of which have included the use of crusading medievalisms in line with the civilizational-conflict narrative often espoused by far-right movements: i.e. the idea that Christianity is embarked in a never-ending battle with Islam and other cultures, of which the crusades are just an episode. Nevertheless, Ancestors Legacy categorically condemns the crusades as unfair and hypocritical, a statement backed by a reasonably accurate recounting of the events. Upon closer inspection, however, this accuracy is superficial and molded by a larger ideological framework about the Middle Ages and the crusades. This article argues that the game occupies the dissonant space of condemning crusading but adopting it as an unavoidable part of the clash of civilizations that lasts until this day, hence justifying the player exercising the very violence it condemns. This is an example of what Adrienne Shaw has called the tyranny of realism: an obsession with accuracy in video games, based on hegemonic and audience-driven perceptions of the past that do not allow for a critical and emancipatory approximation to history.Banner image taken from the press kit for Ancestors Legacy (2018, Destructive Creations).
Moments of Being-in-the-Archive
Authors: Cooke Barbara , Williams Nonia Hazel
Published: November 2023

This paper adopts a constellation or patchwork writing structure to examine five encounters with archival materials and practices occurring over the span of 15 years. We observe how these encounters were characterised by strong, spontaneous reactions including emotions such as disgust and shame—in reference either to the archival objects themselves or our relationship to them—and semi-conscious behavioural acts. We argue that paying attention to such responses facilitates new and complementary modes of investigation into key questions of archival research including reflections on ownership, ethics, responsibilities and the role of archival discovery in the creation of new knowledge. These modes are embodied and affective, and insist upon the materiality of the objects with which they are concerned. They attempt to harness the rich potential of the fleeting moments of affect that are commonly experienced by archival researchers, but rarely the primary focus of their enquiries. As such, our investigation is in dialogue with Susan Howe’s investigations of ‘insignificant visual and verbal textualities and textiles’ and constitutes an attempt to answer Maryanne Dever’s call that we ‘refocus our attention’ on the experiential knowledge offered by the archive and ‘allow for new and different questions and research pathways to emerge’—new archival methodologies that embrace the full embodied and affective experience of ‘being-in-the-archive’.
THE ROLE OF IDENTITY IN ELITE INTERACTIONS: THE CASE OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN REGIONAL ENTREPRENEURS AND GOVERNORS IN RUSSIA
Authors:   HSE University, Stremoukhov D. A.
Published: November 2023

The article explores the potential of the constructivist approach for understanding elite interactions in non-democratic political regimes by examining the case of public conflicts between regional entrepreneurs and governors in Russia. In conditions of weak property rights, conflicts with the authorities often threaten the existence of businesses and challenge the possibility of deriving material benefits from the positions of power held by entrepreneurs. Conflict behavior contradicts the imperatives of profit and rent maximization and often endangers the personal freedom of entrepreneurs, not to mention their business assets. The article examines the value of the concept of identity in explaining conflictual behavior, which can be considered as deviating from assumed economic rationality. Based on the methodology suitable for studying ideational factors of political outcomes and on the empirical material on conflicts between regional entrepreneurs and regional governors in Russia, it is shown that in the context where economy and politics are closely intertwined, assuming entrepreneurial identity and attributing economic rationality to business owners can be misleading. Salient political identities, formed by both formal and informal institutions, drive political action that cannot be reduced to rational choice models, and its goals contradict commonly assumed motives of profit and rent maximization.
FOR STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING LANGUAGE POLICY AS A PUBLIC POLICY: REFLECTIONS ON THE MONOGRAPH OF N. M. MUKHARYAMOV AND O. B. YANUSH "LANGUAGE DEVICE OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY: FACTORS OF POLITICAL DYNAMICS” (KAZAN, 2022)
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zamyatin K. Yu.
Published: November 2023

The text reviews the book by analysing the content of the book itself and providing the context of international scientific research on language and society. The text of the book is analysed sequentially, starting with the introduction and continuing from chapter to chapter. At the end, a conclusion is drawn on the significance of the book for the development of Russian scholarship and for the applied efforts of scholars in the field of language policy. The book raises as its organising principle the key problem of interdisciplinarity in language policy research and represents one of the rare attempts in Russian science to study language policy from the perspective of political science. Such a research perspective is especially relevant in Russia nowadays, when every year new official documents regulating various aspects of language life are developed, from the formulation of conceptual foundations of state policy in this sphere to the approval of language norms and the realisation of other applied aspects. The authors rightly assume that from the point of view of policy effectiveness, one of the main issues is the issue of agency, the plurality of policy actors and the importance of their participation in policy formation.
POLITICAL-TERRITORIAL HETEROGENEITY, CONFLICTS, AND INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS: THE STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASES FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Panov P. V.
Published: November 2023

Sociocultural, economic, geographical and other heterogeneity of states in a cross-territorial sense is often politicized and results in the rise of self-determination movements and political-territorial conflicts. In search of an answer to the question of which ways of managing political-territorial diversity are more effective, quantitative large-N comparative studies are being conducted by many scholars. These studies require the systematization and integration of large amounts of information on various aspects of the problem: the characteristics of conflicts, movements for self-determination, state policies on conflict management. This ambitious task is not yet fully solved, and the paper presents an overview of several databases that can become the basis for such integration, showing their strengths and limitations, opportunities and difficulties of integration. The main problem with this approach is likely to be that different data sets are based on different units of observation: conflicts, ethnic groups, countries, separate regions, etc. Moreover, even with the same units of observation, dissimilar criteria are used to include them in the dataset. In some datasets, there is a selection bias, which also impedes data integration.
Alexander I. Pogrebetsky's Research Note on the State and Prospects of the Bodaybinsky District Amidst the Civil War
Authors: Shakherov Vadim
Published: November 2023

The research note published below is a fairly complete description of the economic status of the Bodaybinsky gold mining district. The note was prepared in the summer of 1919 in the conditions of political instability and economic crisis. Given the remoteness of the Bodaybinsky district and the lack of reliable information about its economic situation, this note was a valuable source for studying the affairs in this important for the economy of the Irkutsk Province area and the possible prospects for its restoration. Its task was to assess the economy and finances of the district in order to open a representative office of the Irkutsk branch of the Moscow People's Bank in it. This research note was not published and remained out of sight of researchers studying the history of the gold industry. Its author was Alexander I. Pogrebetsky, an active member of cooperative movement and an economist, later known as a researcher in the history of money circulation and finance in Siberia and the Far East.
Department Housing Construction as a Factor in Formation of Housing Stock in the Cities of the Far East (1946 — Mid 1960s)
Authors: Vlasov Sergei
Published: November 2023

Using the examples of the Far East the author studied the process of enterprise residential construction, which was typical for the Soviet socialist system and widely used in the creation of housing stock in cities. It was found that the enterprise housing construction was undertaken in those places where there were enterprises producing natural resources in the region, big factories and other organizations, which were part of the Soviet Union ministries that were able to finance the construction. The study showed that the enterprise construction was undertaken both by the enterprises themselves and by contracting construction organizations, as well as through individual construction. The new tendencies in the enterprise residential construction were related to the development of noncontracted way of housing construction (construction for the company's own use and using its own resources), which was practiced in the second half of the 1950s. With the beginning of mass housing construction, the role of enterprise residential construction decreased and the local municipalities became the main developers. The conclusion is that the role of enterprises in housing formation and distribution was a peculiar measure to force and subdue Soviet citizens to work for state enterprises. Along with other means, it allowed to fulfil the task of developing the Soviet society within a short historical period.
Slovenian Economic Republicanism at the Formative Stage of Self-Government Socialism (1950–1953)
Authors: Shakhin Yuri
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the impact of the 1950–1953 reforms on the economic conflicts between the leadership of Slovenia and Yugoslavia. The reforms and the economic crisis intensified the contradictions between Slovenia and the federal center. Initially they manifested themselves in traditional forms: struggles to reduce targets, concealment of reserves, and struggle for coupons. The crisis gave rise to new struggles over money supply and the construction of key facilities, and reinforced the tendency to close regional markets. However, as the reforms progressed, old sources of conflict gradually lost their role and were replaced by new ones. The struggle over natural resources and manpower diminished, but the struggle for value indicators, primarily for investment, intensified. Slovenia donated significant funds, from which capital investments were made in other regions, and this circumstance gave rise to discontent in the republic. The federal government tried to reform the investment policy in order to alleviate the discontent in Slovenia, but these attempts failed in the period under review.
Determinants of Corruption Crimes in Russia and Measures of Counteracting Them
Authors: Antonyan Elena , Polyakov Maxim
Published: November 2023

The authors of the article stress that corruption and crimes of corruption are currently among the most serious threats to the state security of the Russian Federation. Corruption counteraction has become a key direction of national domestic policy. A considerable number of anti-corruption measures have been developed and implemented in the law enforcement practice. An organizational mechanism of fighting corruption has been built, and key anti-corruption institutes have been enshrined in law. A search for new possible means and effective ways of corruption counteraction is among the priority directions of Russian jurisprudence. The existence of corruption and corruption crimes is determined by a complex of causes characteristic of both crime in general, and this type of crime in particular. Specific factors include causes of socio-economic, political, legal, organizational-managerial and psychological (mental) nature. All these causes are of systemic complex character. The position of the authors is based on the thesis that corruption counteraction is a complicated and long process involving all public institutes. It is impossible to totally eliminate all determinants of corruption, but the minimization of the influence of certain causes and conditions contributing to the spread of corruption crimes in the Russian Federation is quite a feasible task. An important role in counteracting corruption is played by administrative and legal measures connected with the use of special anti-corruption forms and methods, including anti-corruption planning, anti-corruption prediction, corruption risk analysis, anti-corruption monitoring, anti-corruption expertise of legal acts and their drafts. Thus, corruption counteraction in the Russian Federation is carried out in a systemic and consistent way, while the analysis of the causes and conditions of corruption makes it possible to counteract crimes of corruption more effectively.
Trends in Jury Trial Development in South Korea
Authors: Rekhovskiy Aleksandr
Published: November 2023

This article presents a continuation of the author's study of jury trial in the Republic of Korea. The article evaluates the effectiveness of Korea's jury trial system as reflected in recent empirical studies, and identifies some innovative practices that have emerged because of the (experimental) introduction of this institution into the Korean legal system in 2008. In addition, some common problems of jury trials in international practice are examined, and different approaches to their solution are explored. Such problems include the elimination of biases, judicial review and intervention for informed decision-making, the use of rationality in jury deliberations, etc. The paper describes Korea's unique experience with the introduction of a «shadow jury» to increase public confidence in the judicial system, as well as the specific features of concentrated criminal proceedings allowing jurors to reach a verdict in a single court session. The performance results of the Civil Participation Committee established by the Supreme Court of Korea during the first five years of jury trial operations are analyzed. The main features of the draft of the final format for this institution are outlined. Changes in the attitude towards the jury’s verdict and its legal significance, the number of jury members and the increase in the scope of the state prosecution's authority in jury management are highlighted, and the results of experimental studies conducted in order to prevent possible mistakes of jurors are presented. The author describes tools that help Korean jurors better represent and fulfill their role, correctly understand the meaning of general or standardized instructions, in which legal terminology is explained in plain language, as well as court-prepared guidelines for a specific criminal case. A thorough analysis of Korean experience will be useful to criminal justice professionals around the world.
Evaluating the potential impact of National Health Insurance on medical scheme members' rights to have access to health-care services in South Africa
Authors: Rammila Davy
Published: November 2023

The National Health Insurance Bill proposes to establish a national health insurance scheme that aims to provide universal access to health-care services for everyone. Section 33 of the Bill also proposes to limit the provision of parallel services by medical schemes if such services are provided or covered by the tabled NHI scheme. The establishment of the NHI scheme is likely to have a negative effect on the existing access rights of general private health-care users, particularly members of medical schemes. The NHI scheme may enhance access to and the quality of health-care services for millions; however, enabling large portions of the population to access services currently provided by costly private practitioners - services at present almost exclusive to a minority - is not without its perils. It risks negatively impacting on existing access rights and reducing the quality currently enjoyed by users of private health-care services. The propriety of these potential infringements is not necessarily suspect, and may in fact be justifiable. However, this contribution argues that the limitation proposed under section 33 of the NHI Bill is cause for concern. The contribution explores the state's constitutional duty to observe and respect the right of members of medical schemes to access health-care services. It uncovers the constitutional shortcomings of the limitation, and argues that it does not appear to serve any particular legitimate economic or legal purpose.
Do prospective parents have a right to bury their deceased previable foetuses? A discussion of how the Constitutional Court has created great legal uncertainty
Authors: Fick Sarah
Published: November 2023

The Constitutional Court, in Voice of the Unborn Baby NPC v Minister of Home Affairs, was faced with a request to recognise a constitutionally protected right to bury a deceased previable foetus. This is a sensitive topic, since many persons who lose a foetus in utero wish to bury the remains for personal or religious purposes. Prior to this case, the general understanding was that such burials were prohibited in terms of the Births and Deaths Registration Act (BADRA), which allows the burial only of viable foetuses. The case, therefore, turned on whether BADRA permits the burial of a deceased previable foetus and, if not, whether this is unconstitutional. The applicants requested that the court declare that prospective parents have a right to bury their previable foetuses. The High Court found that BADRA does not allow such burials, and that this is unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court, however, found that BADRA does not prohibit such burials, since such deaths are not covered by the Act at all. This article discusses the lacuna that the Constitutional Court's decision created. It specifically considers whether such a right is protected in the Bill of Rights, and what the current law is regarding the burial ofpreviable foetuses, given the finding that this matter is not covered by BADRA.
Mapping the form of continuing professional development in public-private partnership schools in the Western Cape
Authors: Johns Lynne , Sayed Yusuf
Published: November 2023

Public-private partnership (PPP) schools in the Western Cape, South Africa, are known as collaboration schools. The management of these schools is outsourced to private entities known as school operating partners and these are, inter alia, also contracted to provide support to teachers through continuing professional development (CPD). The CPD activities are meant to up-skill teachers to improve teaching and learning and ultimately, advance learner performance. Although this is a valid principle, there is a need to evaluate the CPD received by collaboration schools. This paper profiles CPD provided in PPP schools to add to the understanding of this new form of schooling that which has taken hold in the Western Cape. Data were collected in the form of questionnaires and in-depth individual interviews with school operating partners, Western Cape Education Department officials, school leadership, teachers, and school governing body members. An analysis of the gathered information reveals that CPD received by teachers tends to focus narrowly on teaching and learning, and lacks the provision of a broad, expansive, and holistic notion of education. It also indicates the need for a better understanding of how such schools provide professional development support for teachers, and the effects on the provision of equitable and quality education for all.
A systematic review of the literature on change laboratory interventions: Lessons from Africa
Authors: Winberg Chris , Garraway James , Wright Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Change laboratories (CLs) are formative problem-solving initiatives that have been used extensively in Europe but have only recently been applied in African contexts. This review thus offers an original insight into their use and value in African contexts. The laboratories are classified into partial, classic, or augmented varieties-all of which are shown to assist participants learning to work with pressing local problems. Some CLs have expanded their remit to addressing grand societal challenges, such as sustainable practices and responses to climate change, which are particularly pressing issues on the continent. Our findings suggest that CL work in Africa, besides contributing overall to understanding the efficacy of the CL methodology, may also be taking a leading role in addressing some of the grand challenges affecting societies, globally.
O alcance das políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana: perspectivas de inclusão da ciclo mobilidade na cidade de Niterói/RJ
Authors: Araujo Eloisa Carvalho de , Bastos Lorrayne Ribeiro , Araujo Julia Lira , Silva Bianca Lopes
Published: November 2023

Variações sobre o tema da mobilidade nos levam a eleger a ciclo mobilidade como algo que vem ganhando destaque nas cidades brasileiras e no mundo. O objetivo deste artigo pautou-se por identificar e analisar o potencial que a ciclo mobilidade pode exercer enquanto política pública, no contexto da cidade de Niterói, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.  Destaca-se na metodologia a análise feita sobre os instrumentos de planejamento que lidam com o tema especificamente, também a política pública adotada pelo Programa Niterói de Bicicleta e confrontá-los com o espaço urbano da cidade e práticas cicláveis, pelo viés investigativo, empírico e crítico. A investigação segue agora motivada por articular as estratégias adotadas com a crescente e rápida movimentação de aplicativos de serviços de entrega, seu impacto nos espaços públicos, em especial na infraestrutura ciclo viária, e como tudo isso se insere na dinâmica econômica e urbana do município e nos modos de vida do cidadão. Como isso se manifesta e se articula a favor da bicicleta, investigando o alcance da infraestrutura, das políticas e do ativismo.
Ruas, apropriação e insurgência: a relação entre paisagem, patrimônio e memória na Santiago após a explosão social chilena
Authors: Silva André Luís Paiva Gonçalves de Oliveira e , Rocha Emanuela Alves da , Schvarsberg Gabriel
Published: November 2023

A relação entre o espaço urbano e a imagem da cidade é ponto de partida para muitas ações, tanto da governança institucional, quanto da população. A história percorrida pelos moradores e o que eles escolhem deixar mais ou menos latente está vinculada ao modo de habitar e desenhar novas liberdades. Este artigo busca, na perspectiva de Santiago (Chile), analisar e refletir sobre a imagem da cidade global e suas benesses para a qualidade de vida da população, junto dos efeitos do processo de insurgência, ocorrida a partir de outubro de 2019, para a memória e paisagem urbana. A partir de uma abordagem teórica que compara a percepção do turista e do etnólogo consolidada nas obras de Marc Augé, a pesquisa coloca em prática métodos de ritmanálise, explorados por Henri Lefebvre, para gerar percepções sobre o espaço e a vida no centro da cidade. Cabe reconhecer que apesar de medidas voltadas para agendas urbanas em voga, como a mobilidade ativa e a vitalidade urbana, há conflitos com aspectos identitários e ideológicos, impressos nas fachadas, muros e empenas da cidade. As implicações sociais do embate entre a imagem da cidade e a reivindicação dos direitos observados ao longo das derivas ganham destaque na formação da paisagem urbana, e possibilitam refletir sobre a apropriação do espaço público enquanto meio de alertar, reivindicar e lutar contra as ações homogeneizantes da globalização e da produção neoliberal das cidades.
Sea Water - Blue Treasure v2
Authors: Barela Costa Willian
Published: November 2023

Pt 🇧🇷 Produção de água do mar para cultivo de microalgas utilizando a marca Blue Treasure.25 - 35 Salinidade En Sea water production for microalgae cultivation using the Blue Treasure supplier. 25 - 35 Salinity
The Bcc qPCR NAD assayfor the specific rapid quantitative detection of all Bcc species v1
Authors: Thu Duong Huong
Published: November 2023

The Bcc qPCR NAD assay presented is an internally controlled duplex assay (incorporating an IAC), targeting a region of the smpB gene for the specific rapid quantitative detection of all Bcc species. This Bcc qPCR NAD assay was validated with equivalence to ISO/TS 12869:2019 with high specificity (100% when tested on an extensive panel of target and non-target microorganisms with no cross-reactivity observed) and high analytical sensitivity (relatively low LOD and LOQ at 3 GE/reaction with ≥90% probability and 20 GE/reaction, respectively). The high performance of the calibration function of the Bcc qPCR NAD assay in terms of accuracy, qPCR efficiency and broad dynamic calibration range (20 GE-107GE/reaction) will allow for the absolute quantification of the starting Bcc DNA concentration in contaminated samples. The incorporation of the IAC into the Bcc qPCR NAD assay ensures the robustness and fidelity of the results generated. The development and validation of this Bcc qPCR NAD assay has been published in: Duong HT, Fullbrook S, Reddington K, Minogue E, Barry T. Design, Development and Validation of a Culture-Independent Nucleic Acid Diagnostics Method for the Rapid Detection and Quantification of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex in Water with an Equivalence to ISO/TS 12869:2019. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 2023. doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2021.012728
Assessment of the in vitro trypanocidal activity v1
Authors: Muhsin Fathuddin Muhammad
Published: November 2023

The aim of this experiment is to assess the potential of a plant extract to fight off Trypanosoma species, including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma evansi, etc., by testing it at concentrations ranging from 006.25 to 400.00 mg/mL. The results obtained indicate that the plant extract may be a useful tool in the management of trypanosomiasis, but further studies are required to confirm its effectiveness.
Получение растений — регенерантов чеснока стрелкующегося (Allium sativum L.) из каллуса
Authors:   Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства», Азопкова М.А.
Published: November 2023

Чеснок (Allium sativum L.) – вегетативно размножаемое растение, требовательное к плодородию почвы и уровню рН 6,5-7, имеет богатый химический состав, поэтому его применяют в различных отраслях. Получение новых форм растений возможно при активном применении биотехнологических методов, в том числе клеточной селекции. К настоящему времени для многих сельскохозяйственных растений разработаны методы индукции и культивирования каллуса, условия регенерации растений на питательных средах. Для in vitro регенерации чеснока с помощью каллусной культуры чаще всего используют среду MS, содержащую 2,4-Д, кинетин, БАП, НУК в различных концентрациях [3-8, 10]. Целью проведенных исследований - выявить оптимальные концентрации регуляторов роста в питательной среде для получения растений- регенерантов чеснока из каллуса. Исходным материалом служил сорт чеснока стрелкующегося Гладиатор, для которого характерен ценный комплекс признаков, и прежде всего высокая урожайность и лежкоспособность. Эксплантами служили соцветия чеснока, изолированные на 7, 14 и 21 сутки после выхода из пазух листьев [1, 2]. Полученный ранее каллус чеснока культивировали на питательной среде MS[9], содержащей сахарозу в концентрации 30 г/л и регуляторы роста в различных концентрациях: БАП- 1,0 мг/л; БАП – 1,0 мг/л и НУК – 0,1 мг/л; БАП – 1,0 мг/л и НУК – 1,0 мг/л; БАП – 2,0 мг/л и НУК – 2,0 мг/л; кинетин -1,0 мг/л; кинетин -2,0 мг/л. При культивировании каллусных фрагментов, на питательной среде, содержащей кинетин в концентрации 1 мг/л и 2 мг/л, образовалось 5,91 и 6,31 побегов на 1 трансплант у 7-ми суточных эксплантов, 6,39 и 7,3 шт./эксплант – у 14-ти суточных эксплантов, 2,76 и 3,07 шт./эксплант - у эксплантов в возрасте 21 суток. В других вариантах на 1 трансплант образовалось от 0,05 до 0,29 побегов в зависимости от содержания регуляторов роста в питательной среде и возраста экспланта. При культивировании каллусных сегментов на питательной среде, содержащей БАП в концентрации 2 мг/л и НУК – 2 мг/л образовалось от 0,5 до 2,71 побега на 1 трансплант в зависимости от возраста экспланта. В этом варианте наблюдали признаки сильной витрификации тканей. Полученные побеги чеснока, имеющие признаки витрификации, культивировали на питательной среде MS, содержащей 75% минеральных веществ по прописи, сахарозы - 20 мг/л, кинетина – 0,5 мг/л и 1 мг/л для снижения гормональной нагрузки. При последующем росте и развитии побегов чеснока витрификации не выявлено. В результате проведенных исследований отмечено, что лучшим вариантом является питательная среда MS, обогащенная кинетином, на которой образовалось наибольшее количество жизнеспособных побегов.
Предварительные результаты введения в культуру in vitro Lonicera tolmatchevii Pojark.
Authors:   Ботанический сад-институт ДВО РАН, Бердасова К.С. , Сабуцкий Ю.Е. , Пьянова А.С
Published: November 2023

Lonicera tolmatchevii Pojark. (Caprifoliaceae) – уязвимый эндемик острова Сахалин. Вид включён в Красную книгу Российской Федерации [1] и Красную книгу Сахалинской области [2]. Для получения асептической культуры L. tolmatchevii семена стерилизовали раствором AgNO3 и высевали на поверхность среды Мурасиге-Скуга (МС) без добавления регуляторов роста [3]. Прорастание происходило на свету (массовое через 14 дней) и достигало 55%. Далее сеянцы культивировали на той же среде. При достижении высоты побегов 3-4 см, сеянцы делили на экспланты, содержащие по 2 междоузлия. Полученные экспланты переносили на среду МС, содержащую различные концентрации регуляторов роста для исследования процесса микроразмножения. Показана эффективность использования цитокининов: кинетина (Кн), изопентениладенина (2-iP) и 6-бензиламинопурина (6-БАП). Применение Кн и 2-iP в концентрации 1 и 2 мг/л приводит к образованию в среднем 2,1-2,3 побега на эксплант, для которых наблюдается слабый рост и частичный некроз при культивировании больше 3-х месяцев. Использование 6-БАП в концентрации 1 мг/л приводит к увеличению коэффициента размножения до 5,4 побегов на эксплант, а при концентрации 2 мг/л до 6,2. Наилучший рост побегов отмечается только в случае концентрации 6-БАП 2 мг/л. Исследование проведено на базе уникальной научной установки «Коллекция живых растений in vitro Ботанического сада-института ДВО РАН» (реестровый номер регистрации на сайте http://ckp-rf.ru – 347296) по теме государственного задания «Введение в культуру, изучение и сохранение генетических ресурсов хозяйственно ценных растений Восточной Азии». Регистрационный номер: 122040800086-1.
Сочетание генетических и фенотипических методов для эффективной дифференциации изолятов растений
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук», Валиахметов Э.Э. , Афордоаньи Д.М. , Валидов Ш.З.
Published: November 2023

Эффективные биопрепараты для защиты и стимуляции растений являются важной составляющей повышения продуктивности растениеводства и безопасности получаемой продукции. Исследование качественного и количественного состава микробиома сельскохозяйственных культур позволит создать более эффективные биопрепараты на основе устойчивых консорциумов. Анализ состава микробиома, как и поиск новых перспективных штаммов, главным образом сводится к решению трех задач: выделение микроорганизмов, их идентификации и выявлению полезных свойств. Зачастую, одна проба может содержать несколько изолятов одного и того же вида, а наиболее представленные штаммы присутствуют в количестве большем, чем остальные микроорганизмы. Нами был применен комбинированный подход к дифференциации бактериальных изолятов, включающий в себя ПЦР-фингерпринтинг (BOX-PCR) и последующим анализом с помощью программы GelJ [1] в сочетании с фенотипическим анализом ферментативных активностей изолятов (амилазной, целлюлазной, липазной, протеазной и хитиназной), Интересующие уникальные штаммы затем идентифицируются методом секвенирования гена 16S рРНК, что также позволяет выявить условно патогенные штаммы и исключить их из дальнейшей работы. Наибольшую эффективность данный подход демонстрирует при анализе микробиома надземной части растений, которая имеет относительно низкое видовое разнообразие [2]. Рассмотрим его применение на примере определения бактериального консорциума филлопланы озимой пшеницы на стадиях трубкования и восковой спелости. При анализе изоляты со стадии трубкования были сгруппированы в 3 крупных кластера, включающих в себя 57, 18 и 10 штаммов; один малый кластер, включающий 2 штамма, были также обнаружены 2 уникальных штамма. Изоляты стадии восковой спелости формировали 4 кластера включающих 50, 4, 4 и 2 штамма соответственно, а также один уникальный штамм. Проведение ПЦР-фингерпринтинга и кластерного анализа в сочетании с данными ферментативных активностей позволило значительно сократить количество изучаемых изолятов без потери их разнообразия. Такой подход позволил исключить секвенирование 83,9% клонов (73 из 83) для стадии трубкования и 86,9% клонов (53 из 61) для стадии восковой спелости, поскольку данные изоляты были клонами одних и тех же штаммов. Тем самым, удалось значительно сократить объем работы и затраты на исследование, не теряя полноты получаемых данных.
Фунгицидная активность биосурфактантов, выделенных из штаммов Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-12464 и Bacillus mojavensis PS17
Authors:   Казанский Федеральный Университет, Гордеев А.С. , Ежкин Н.А. , Осморская З.И.
Published: November 2023

Распространение фузариоза, вызываемого патогенным грибом рода Fusarium, представляет значительную угрозу растениям - поражение вегетативных частей, угнетение роста и развития, а также воздействие микотоксинов на зерно и сельскохозяйственную продукцию [3]. Такие угрозы не остаются без внимания, подталкивая к разработке и внедрению в производство средств защиты растений. Наиболее распространены бензимидазолы и триазолы, однако известно, что устойчивость возбудителей фузариоза к этим фунгицидам возрастает [1]. В свете экологизации сельского хозяйства и тенденций к «зелёной химии» открывается перспектива для биосурфактантов - амфифильных метаболитов различных микроорганизмов, снижающими поверхностное натяжение раствора. Известно, что распространённые биосурфактанты, липопептиды и рамнолипиды, безопасны для экосистем, могут вноситься в почву и на поверхность растений, оказывают стимулирующее действие и могут быть получены при культивировании на различных субстратах, в том числе, отходах различного происхождения [4]. Исследования свойств и применимости биосурфактантов вовлекает как поиск областей применения, технологий получения, описания структуры, так и механизмов воздействия на различные фитопатогены, в том числе токсинопродуцирующих. Интерес вызывает действующая доза и динамика воздействия, а также их связь с физико-химическими показателями. Как правило, для каждого штамма продуцента производятся испытания, направленные на поиск наиболее продуктивного микроорганизма и условий культивирования [2]. Авторами настоящего исследования были выделены биосурфактанты из штаммов почвенных микроорганизмов Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-12464 и Bacillus mojavensis PS17 с последующей оценкой их воздействия на рост F. graminearum методом измерения площади покрытия. Было выявлено наличие дозозависимого эффекта: рост концентрации биосурфактанта в водном растворе сопровождался подавлением роста колонии фитопатогена, при этом, наиболее активное подавление проявлял липопептид, выделенный из B. mojavensis PS17.
Обработка картофеля Solanum tuberosum двуцепочечной РНК, комплементарной генам Phytophthora infestans inf1 и inf4, для защиты от фитофтороза
Authors:   Институт Цитологии и Генетики СО РАН, Иванов А.А. , Голубева Т.С. ,   Новосибирский Государственный Университет
Published: November 2023

Фитофтороз – это заболевание, поражающее такие хозяйственно-значимые культуры, как томат и картофель, которое вызывается оомицетом P. infestans. Для защиты от него используются фунгициды, в большом количестве негативно влияющие на окружающую среду. Альтернативой классическим фунгицидам в борьбе с фитофторозом может стать Спрей-индуцированный сайленсинг генов (SIGS), подразумевающий обработку растений двуцепочечной РНК (дцРНК), запускающей механизм РНК-интерференции для подавления трансляции целевого гена. Таким образом можно подавлять экспрессию как генов растения, так и патогена. Нами были выбраны два гена P. infestans, inf1 и inf4, принимающие участие соответственно в некротрофной и биотрофной стадиях развития паразита. Для наработки дцРНК в бактериях Escherichia coli HT115 на базе плазмиды L4440 были сконструированы два экспрессионных вектора, несущих фрагмент кДНК этих генов между двумя разнонаправленными промоторами фага Т7. Для обработки были взяты 10 эксплантов картофеля возрастом 6 недель, выращенных на среде Мурасиге-Скуга. Контрольные растения обрабатывались водой, опытные – раствором дцРНК одного из генов или их комбинацией из расчета 5 мкг на растение. Спустя 24 ч после обработки производилась инокуляция зооспорами фитофторы с регистрацией эффекта через 5 дней. Площадь поражения каждого листа измерялась в программе ImageJ. По результатам измерений площадь поражения была достоверно больше у растений, обработанных водой, чем у других трех экспериментальных групп, которые были обработаны дцРНК. Достоверных различий между обработкой индивидуальными дцРНК или их комбинацией выявлено не было. Работа поддержана грантом РНФ № 22-76-00037.
Особенности микроклонального размножения Drosera anglica Huds.
Authors:   Дальневосточный федеральный университет, Коваль О.Е. , Пьянова А.С. ,   Ботанический сад-институт ДВО РАН, Бердасова К.С. , Сабуцкий Ю.Е.
Published: November 2023

Росянки являются ценными декоративными растениями, некоторые представители, такие как Drosera anglica Huds., занесены в Красные книги. В связи с чем требуется поиск эффективных методов выращивания таких видов с целью создания коллекций и размножения для удовлетворения спроса коллекционеров и любителей хищных растений. Микроклнональное размножение является одним из таких методов. Для исследования влияния минерального состава на микроклональное размножение D. anglica были взяты питательные среды по прописям Мурасиге-Скуга (MS), для культивирования древесных растений (WPM) и Кворина-Лепуавра (QL). Данные среды были использованы в полном минеральном составе, с уменьшенным в 2 раза количеством макроэлементов и аналогичные составы с добавлением регуляторов роста 0,5 мг/л 6-бензиаминопурин (6-БАП) и 0,04 мг/л индолил-3-масляная кислота (ИМК). На момент первого подсчета коэффициента размножения все среды имели схожий низкий коэффициент от 1 до 2,05. Самый высокий коэффициент был отмечен при культивировании на питательной среде ½ WPM (2,05), самый низкий – MS (1,0) и MS с добавлением регуляторов роста (1,09). С 45-го дня наблюдается повышение коэффициента размножения на среде ½ MS (5,52). Для сравнения: второй по величине коэффициент был отмечен на среде ½ WPM и был равен 4,04. Такая же тенденция сохраняется и на 75-й день: величина коэффициентов составила 8,9 и 6,23 на ½ MS и ½ WPM соответственно. Наилучшей средой для размножения росянки английской стала ½ MS. Коэффициент размножения самый высокий на момент последнего подсчета – 14,6. Второй по эффективности размножения результат отмечен и на среде WPM – 8,19, и близкий к нему 8,14 на среде ½ WPM. Худшими средами для микроклонального размножения D. anglica стали MS и MS с добавлением регуляторов роста с коэффициентами на момент последнего подсчета 0,33 и 0,66 соответственно. Такой коэффициент означает, что не только не произошло появление новых микрорастений, но и изначальные материнские погибали. Также сравнительно низкий коэффициент был выявлен при использовании модифицированных питательных сред QL и QL с добавлением регуляторов роста (2,9 и 2,62 соответственно). Исследование проведено на базе уникальной научной установки «Коллекция живых растений in vitro Ботанического сада-института ДВО РАН» (реестровый номер регистрации на сайте http://ckp-rf.ru – 347296) по теме государственного задания «Введение в культуру, изучение и сохранение генетических ресурсов хозяйственно ценных растений Восточной Азии». Регистрационный номер: 122040800086-1.