bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Quetiapine on Novelty‐Related Object Recognition Memory and Hippocampal BDNF Level in Sleep‐Deprived Rats
Authors: Özcan Öznur Özge , Çevreli Burcu , Kaşıkçı Emel Serdaroğlu , Karahan Mesut , Konuk Muhsin
Published: January 2025

Background

The underlying mechanism of quetiapine (QET) in treating cognitive impairment in sleep deprivation is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with QET on novel object recognition and hippocampal (hippo) brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats submitted to 72 h sleep deprivation (SD).

Materials and Methods

A total of 42 adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into six experimental groups: non‐sleep‐deprived (NSD) control, short‐term control group (n = 7) received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 10 mg/kg QET of 1 mL saline (4 days) (NSD‐STQET), long‐term control group (n = 7) received single i.p. injection 10 mg/kg QET of 1 mL saline (30 days) (NSD‐LTQET); 72 h sleep‐deprived (SD) group, 72 h SD short‐term group received short‐term i.p. injection 10 mg/kg QET of either (n = 7) (SD‐STQET), and 72 h SD long‐term group received long‐term i.p. injection 10 mg/kg QET of either (n = 7) QET (SD‐LTQET). SD was performed using the modified multiple‐platform technique in a water tank for 72 h. Additionally, we aim to reveal the consequences of 72 h SD and QET effects on memory processes with hippo BDNF levels by testing rats in the novel object recognition (NOR) test and ELISA method.

Results

Long‐term QET administration in healthy rats decreased NOR and BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus, as did 72 h SD. Long‐ and short‐term QET administration reversed SD effects, but only short‐term QET administration increased hippo BDNF.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the beneficial effects of QET on SD may be partly related to the upregulation of recognition memory and neuroprotective proteins such as BDNF. However, long‐term QET treatment in the absence of a disease model may have the potential to negatively impact recognition memory and BDNF levels, which support synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
Identification of Critical Signature in Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses
Authors: Liu Lifen , Liu Yang , Li Rui , Teng Yue , Zhao Shuyang , Chen Jinhong , Li Changjiang , Hu Xinyu , Sun Lin
Published: January 2025

Background

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that emerges following exposure to trauma and significantly affects daily functioning. Current research is focused on identifying effective treatments for PTSD. Advances in bioinformatics provide opportunities to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.

Methods

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to examine gene correlation patterns. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for functional annotation and enrichment analysis, respectively. The MCODE plugin in Cytoscape software was utilized to analyze the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Anxiety and depression in a mice stress model were assessed using the open‐field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and forced swimming test (FST). Real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to validate key genes in stress‐exposed models.

Results

A total of 157 common upregulated DEGs and 53 common downregulated DEGs were identified in the amygdala (AMY) and the hippocampus (HIP). Notably enriched pathways included neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, nicotine addiction, and dopaminergic synapse. The PPI network identified four hub genes, with key pathways associated with nicotine addiction and dopaminergic synapse. qRT‐PCR validation confirmed that the expression trends of these four genes were consistent with microarray data. Behavioral tests (OFT, EMPT, and FST) revealed significant changes.

Conclusion

This study utilized bioinformatics and in vitro experiments to identify genes and pathways potentially crucial for PTSD development. Key genes were validated in a mouse model, providing insights into potential target genes for PTSD treatment.
The Phonograms’ Genuine‐Character Status: What the Embedded Semantic Radicals’ Semantic Activation Live by
Authors: Jiang Meng , Tan Ya , Wang Xia , Hao Yuli
Published: January 2025

Background

In Chinese phonogram processing studies, it is widely accepted that both character and non‐character semantic radicals could be semantically activated. However, little attention was paid to the underlying workings that enabled the semantic radicals’ semantic activation.

Purpose

The present study aimed to address the above issue by conducting two experiments.

Methods

Experiment 1 was committed to confirming whether both character and non‐character semantic radicals could be semantically activated when embedded in genuine Chinese phonograms. Experiment 2 was devoted to exploring whether the same semantic radicals could also be semantically activated when incorporated in Chinese pseudo‐characters.

Results

Results demonstrated that both character and non‐character semantic radicals embedded in the genuine phonograms were semantically activated, but those placed in the pseudo‐characters underwent no semantic activation, suggesting that the semantic activation of semantic radicals was genuine‐character status‐dependent, irrespective of the semantic radicals’ characterhood.

Conclusion

It seems that the genuine‐character status and the meaning of the host phonogram have strong sway on the semantic activation of semantic radicals.
Impact of Anatomical Research Projects for Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Survey of Academic and Professional Skills, Clinical Aspirations and Appreciation of Anatomy
Authors: Sinha Amil , Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Bonshahi Anosh , Brassett Cecilia
Published: January 2025

In the third year of pre‐clinical medicine (known as Part II of the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge), students have the opportunity to lead a primary research project on clinically relevant anatomy, often involving donor dissection. This descriptive study used a cross‐sectional survey to explore the effects of undertaking an anatomical research project on students' attitudes, interests, and a variety of academic and professional skills. Of 45 students who were invited to participate in this study, 40 responded. Of these, 30 students (75%) had performed cadaveric dissection. Projects increased students' interests in academic careers (36% or 90% agreed/strongly agreed) and scientific inquiry, with 30 students (75%) undertaking subsequent research. Many students (30/40; 75%) strongly agreed their projects highlighted the importance of considering the scientific literature when providing patient care. Most (39/40; 97.5%) felt that there was scope for further anatomical research to appreciate and explore anatomical variation. Many students (32/40; 80%) strongly agreed that projects improved their self‐directed learning skills. Inductive thematic analysis of free‐text answers identified themes of improved academic, practical, and professional skills such as negotiation, responding to questions, presenting at conferences, and liaising with experts and non‐experts. These results suggest that anatomical primary research through this program effectively fosters academic aptitude and interest, as well as the practical and professional skills necessary to thrive in academia and clinical medicine. Aspirations for a surgical career were strengthened and valuable anatomical context was provided.
An Intelligent Electrochemical Multi‐Enzyme Molecular Machine for Chiral Chemical
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Gao Yanxin , Yang Jiayue , Wan Lei , Li Wenjin , Luo Hang
Published: January 2025

In vitro multi‐enzyme synthesis pathways harness the core elements of cellular synthesis while simplifying the complexities of cellular processes, facilitating the production of high‐value chemicals. However, these in vitro synthesis processes often operate like a “black box,” with limited monitoring of each reaction step, leading to a low substrate conversion efficiency. In this study, we present an intelligent multi‐enzyme molecular machine(iMEMM) as a model system for achieving the deracemization of D, L‐phosphinothricin (D, L‐PPT). The entire system leverages electrochemical power and enzyme‐catalyzed (cascade) reactions to establish substrate channel and enhance efficiency. By modularizing each reaction step and using electrochemical real‐time monitoring of the reaction process, a single‐step electrobiotransformation efficiency of up to 98% and a chiral target L‐PPT synthesis efficiency exceeding 99% have been achieved. This iMEMM eliminates the need for intermediate separation, enabling a "substrate in, product out" process. Our research paves the way for future green, intelligent, and automated biological manufacturing.
Using Energetic Information Quantities from Density Functional Theory to Simultaneously Identify Both Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: He Xin , Liu Wenjian , Liu Shubin
Published: January 2025

Covalent bonding and noncovalent interactions are important chemical concepts and how to identify them has been of current interest in the literature. Within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we recently proposed a few qualitative descriptors to categorize different types of interactions with Pauli energy and its derivatives. In this work, we expand the scope by including the quantities derived from energetic information, which were recently proposed and thoroughly investigated by us from the framework of information‐theoretic approach (ITA) in DFT. To that end, six energetic information quantities stemmed from the steric energy (Es), including Shannon entropy
, Fisher information
, information gain
, alternative Fisher information
, relative Fisher information
, and relative alternative Fisher information
are examined for the purpose. A strong linear correlation of Es or its topological analysis results with different covalent bond orders is established. We also unveil that signature isosurfaces of different categories of interactions from
and
can be employed to simultaneously identify single, double, triple, and quadruple covalent bonds, ionic and metallic bonds, and van der Waals interactions. This work provides another pathway for us to use density‐based quantities to simultaneously identify covalent and noncovalent interactions.
Detecting environmental trends to rethink soybean variety testing programs
Authors: Baptistella João Leonardo Corte , Knuckles Carl , Wieberg Mark , Costa‐Neto Germano , Wiebold William , Borja Reis André Froés de
Published: January 2025

Variety testing programs (VTPs) use multi‐environment trials (MET) to evaluate and report the performance of commercially available and pre‐commercial soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) varieties targeting a specific set of environments. Adequate modeling of the environmental variability and genotype–environment interactions (G × E) within the VTP would help farmers and seed companies decide which variety to choose or recommend. We propose an approach to characterize environments using the soybean data from the University of Missouri VTP. We modeled an environmental trend (EnvT) based on the phenotypic mean performance and the observed phenotype in each environment. The environments were classified into four different EnvT environment types, and soil and climate data were used as predictors of the EnvT through eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model. Temperature on late vegetative and flowering, soil‐saturated hydraulic conductivity, and silt content were key drivers of EnvT. The approach identified overrepresented environments (62%) and increased the ratio between variety and G × E variance. A simulation case study verified that the random removal of overrepresented sites from the dataset quickly degraded G × E analysis, implying that increasing the number of underrepresented sites is recommended. Our results demonstrate that environmental characterization is essential for optimizing resource allocation within VTP, thereby supporting the end goal of aiding farmers to utilize the best varieties for their production environment.
Modification at ITO/NiOx Interface with MoS2 Enables Hole Transport for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Hongye , Fan Jiayi , Fang Haohui , Lin Hongrui , Gao Xiaowen , Wang Kewei , Wang Yi , Mu Cheng , Xu Dongsheng
Published: January 2025

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) utilizing nickel oxide (NiOx) as hole transport material have made great progress, driven by improvements in materials and interface engineering. However, challenges remain due to the low intrinsic conductivity of NiOx and inefficient hole transport. In this study, we introduced MoS2 nanoparticles at the indium tin oxide (ITO) /NiOx interface to enhance the ITO surface and optimize the deposition of NiOx, resulting in increased conductivity linked to a ratio of Ni3+:Ni2+. This interface modification not only optimized energy level but also promoted hole transport and reduced defects. Consequently, IPSCs with MoS2 modified at ITO/NiOx interface achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.42 %, compared to 20.25 % without modification. Additionally, unencapsulated IPSCs with this interface modification displayed improved stability under thermal, light, humidity and ambient conditions. This innovative strategy for ITO/NiOx interface modification efficiently promotes hole transportation and can be integrated with other interface engineering approaches, offering valuable insights for the development of highly efficient and stable IPSCs.
Hybrid Archimedes and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sheik Dawood M. , Sridevi S. , Akila P. G. , Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga
Published: January 2025

Wireless sensor networks, or WSNs, are essential for energy monitoring, home automation, the medical industry, computing, and other fields. The two problems with wireless sensor network are the network lifetime and data transmission delay. The cluster head selection (CHS) is a difficult task. Therefore, a novel Hybrid Archimedes and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Network (HYB‐AO‐AOA‐CHS‐WSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed HYB‐AO‐AOA integrates Archimedes and Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AO‐AOA). The stimulation of sensor nodes initiates the CHS process. The stimulated sensor nodes are evaluated separately for delay, energy, node degree, intercluster distance, and intracluster distance for determining the cluster heads. Then, the multipath routing is handled by the HYB‐AO‐AOA technique. The proposed HYB‐AO‐AOA‐CHS‐WSN model is implemented in MATLAB. The metrics, like delay, number of alive nodes, throughput, and residual energy is examined. The proposed SRD‐DCGAN approach attains 25.72%, 21.32% and 19% higher throughput, 26.56%, 21.35% and 32.09% lower delay than the existing techniques.
Contaminant Suggesting Rotifer in Liquid‐Based Cytology of the Cervix
Authors: Eleutério Junior José , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes
Published: January 2025

Rotifers are rare in cytology, particularly in liquid media. We describe a case of rotifer in liquid‐based cytology of a 30‐year‐old nulliparous woman without comorbidities who complained of vaginal discharge and sought a cervical cancer prevention service with no noteworthy findings on gynecological examination.
Comprehensive Qualitative Drug Screening in Emergency Toxicology Using an Automated LC–MSn System:Simultaneous Quantification of Relevant Drugs and Metabolites in Blood Plasma
Authors: Hemmer Selina , Ninnig Maximilian , Wagmann Lea , Manier Sascha K. , Meyer Markus R.
Published: January 2025

Rapid and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical procedures are crucial in 24/7 emergency toxicology (ET) to support diagnosis and treatment of acute intoxications and to monitor their progression and efficacy of detoxification strategies. This study aimed to develop the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 62 drugs, as well as seven active metabolites in human blood plasma using an automated liquid chromatography (LC)‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) screening system. Sample preparation was conducted by liquid–liquid extraction, and plasma concentrations were determined using an electronically stored 5‐point calibration. Validation was performed according to international guidelines and recommendations for ET including selectivity, carry‐over, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. Finally, applicability was evaluated using case samples and proficiency tests. The method demonstrated selectivity for all analytes, with no significant carry‐over or matrix effects. Accuracy and precision recommended for ET could be fulfilled for all tested analytes, except for 10 analytes. Patient plasma samples were analyzed and compared with results obtained by reference LC‐tandem MS or gas chromatography‐MS methods. Furthermore, the applicability of the method could be demonstrated. It provides a fast, robust, and reliable blood plasma screening for 69 analytes and an additional quantification of 59 analytes relevant in ET. The use of an electronically stored 5‐point calibration and a simplified “push and print solution” allows for straightforward assessment of blood plasma levels of the analytes.
Species‐habitat networks reveal conservation implications that other community analyses do not detect
Authors: Dong Zhaoke , Bladon Andrew J. , Jaworski Coline C. , Pywell Richard F. , Woodcock Ben A. , Meek William R. , Nuttall Peter , Dicks Lynn V.
Published: January 2025

Grassland restoration is an important conservation intervention supporting declining insect pollinators in threatened calcareous grassland landscapes. While the success of restoration is often quantified using simple measures of diversity or similarity to target communities, these measures do not capture all fundamental aspects of community reconstruction. Here, we develop species–habitat networks that aim to define habitat‐level foraging dependencies of pollinators across restored grassland landscapes and compare their value to these more conventional measures of community restoration. We assessed this across Salisbury Plain (UK), which represents the largest area of chalk grassland in northwestern Europe, encompassing six distinct management types aimed at the restoration and maintenance of species‐rich calcareous grassland. Sites that were previously disturbed or reverting from arable agriculture were comparable with those of ancient grasslands in terms of pollinator abundance and species richness. However, intensively managed grasslands exhibited notably lower values across nearly all measured indicators, including flower and pollinator richness and abundance, than ancient grasslands, with unmanaged grasslands following closely behind. This underscores the need for caution with both long‐term neglect and highly intensive management. Applying our species–habitat network approach, we found that pollinator communities in grasslands recovering from past military disturbance showed stronger modular associations with those in ancient grasslands than areas recovering from intensive agriculture. This highlights the importance of habitat history in shaping restoration trajectories. We propose that species–habitat networks should be part of the standard analytical toolkit assessing the effectiveness of restoration at landscape scale, particularly for mobile species such as insects.
Relative effects of seed mix design, consumer pressure, and edge proximity on community structure in restored prairies
Authors: Pizza Riley B. , Turley Nash E. , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: January 2025

A central goal of ecosystem restoration is to promote diverse, native‐dominated plant communities. However, restoration outcomes can be highly variable. One cause of this variation may be the decisions made during the seed mix design process, such as choosing the number of species to include (sown diversity) or the number of locations each species should be sourced from (source diversity, manipulated to affect genetic diversity). The effects that seed mixes have on plant communities may be further modified by other factors at the restoration site, including edge proximity and consumer pressure. Few studies have evaluated both these seed mix attributes together, and none have done so while accounting for realistic restoration site attributes. To address this research need, we conducted a prairie restoration experiment where two aspects of seed mix design (sown diversity and source diversity) and two restoration site factors (edge proximity and vertebrate granivore/herbivore consumer access) were manipulated across 12 replicate fields. We found that when seed mix design impacted plant community structure, these effects were dependent on consumer access or edge proximity and were more prominent after one versus five growing seasons. Low seed source diversity plots had more sown species than high source diversity ones, but only when consumers had access. Similarly, low species diversity plots had higher richness and cover of species included in both the low and high species diversity mixes, but this effect weakened over time. Additionally, plots with high species diversity were buffered from the typically detrimental effects of edges and consumers, although this did not always result in greater sown species abundance. Unexpectedly, plots with the most sown species were those sown with either low source diversity or low species diversity seed mixes, perhaps due to lower seeding rates of reliably establishing species. Our results illustrate how the influences of seed mix design on restored plant communities can be highly contingent on factors like edges, consumers, and time.
Poor communication impairs optimal care of patients with heart failure and erectile dysfunction
Authors: Leist Lea , Hausmann Lenka , Pohlink Carla
Published: January 2025

Aims

Heart failure (HF) and erectile dysfunction (ED) share numerous risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms, resulting in a high prevalence of ED among male patients with HF. This questionnaire‐based study aimed to better understand the patient's journey from a patient perspective and that of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding communication, education and treatment of ED as a recognized comorbid condition.

Methods

Two independent online surveys were conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 in Germany. Analysis of the first patient‐targeting survey comprised 927 male patients with HF. As part of this survey, 176 patients with HF and comorbid ED provided further information about their experiences and ED‐related communication with HCPs. The second online survey collected the perspectives of 78 physicians including general practitioners (GPs), cardiologists and internists throughout Germany.

Results

The average age of participating male patients with HF was 55 years. Both patients and HCPs considered sexual life as an important aspect of patients' quality of life (QoL). Fifty‐six per cent of all patients with HF rated their sexual life as important, and 43% were unsatisfied with it. Patients' suffering due to ED was reported as moderate to severe by nearly all HCPs (92%) and patients themselves (82%). A communication gap and perceived imbalance in education were identified, with 27% of patients reporting consultations about ED, while 58% of HCPs claimed to proactively address the issue of ED during counselling. Thirty‐nine per cent of HCPs felt that their patients were uncomfortable talking about ED, but only 7% of patients reported discomfort. As a possible result, 69% of male HF patients with ED felt left alone, and 74% stated that they would like to talk to an HCP. Due to inadequate education together with patients not considering their HF doctor as a contact for ED management, as few as 20% of patients with ED receive prescription drugs for ED management. HCPs reported that 32% of their patients are non‐compliant with HF medication due to ED, highlighting the importance of sexual health for patients' QoL.

Conclusions

The results of our surveys suggest that most of the male HF patients may be receiving incomplete ED management also affecting HF treatment, most likely due to impaired communication with their HCPs with barriers from both sides. HCPs giving patients advice on this topic are urgently needed to improve patients' QoL, reduce patient suffering and avoid discontinuation of HF medications for fear of side effects.
The efficacy and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients aged over 80 years with heart failure
Authors: Nakano Kenji , Kanenawa Kenji , Isotani Akihiro , Morinaga Takashi , Yamamoto Kaori , Miyawaki Norihisa , Ko Euihong , Nakamura Miho , Tanaka Yuichi , Ishizu Kenichi , Morofuji Toru , Hayashi Masaomi , Fukunaga Masato , Hyodo Makoto , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji
Published: January 2025

Aims

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). However, the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with poor general status, such as very low bodyweight or low nutritional status, who are not included in randomized controlled trials, has not yet been examined. In a real‐world setting, the introduction of SGLT2 inhibitors to such elderly patients is a very difficult decision to make. We therefore examined the efficacy and safety of these drugs in elderly heart failure patients in a real‐world setting.

Methods and results

In Kokura Memorial Hospital, a retrospective study was conducted on 1559 patients over 80 years old hospitalized for HF between 2018 and 2023. Among them, 1326 were included in the non‐SGLT2i group and 233 in the SGLT2i group. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of primary composite outcome (all‐cause death and HFH) and secondary safety composite outcome (ischaemic stroke, urinary tract infection and dehydration) at 1 year post‐discharge between the two groups. The cumulative 1 year incidence of the composite outcome was significantly higher in the non‐SGLT2i group (47.3% vs. 31.6%, P < 0.01). SGLT2 inhibitors independently reduced the risk of all‐cause death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.87, P < 0.01] and HFH (adjusted HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52–0.91, P < 0.01), whereas the risk of safety composite events was not increased (adjusted HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.49–1.29, P = 0.36). Subgroup analysis showed no significant interactions between age, diabetes, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, clinical frailty scale, geriatric nutritional risk index and SGLT2 inhibitors consistently reduced composite outcomes across all strata. Similarly, SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase safety composite outcomes at any strata.

Conclusions

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of all‐cause death and HFH without increasing adverse events, even in patients over 80 years old. It may be that SGLT2 inhibitors are effective and safe in patients who are basically hesitant to be introduced to SGLT2 inhibitors, such as those with high frailty, low nutritional status or very low bodyweight.
Innovative Organic Electrolytes for Enhanced Energy Density and Performance in Supercapacitors
Authors: Chaudhry Vivek , Singh Joginder , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Ameen Sadia , Umar Ahmad , Akhtar M. S.
Published: January 2025

Supercapacitors, known for their high‐power energy storage capabilities, have garnered significant attention due to their rapid charge–discharge cycles and extended life span. To expand their application in fields such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronic devices, the development of advanced electrolytes that can boost energy density, power density, and overall performance is crucial. This study introduces a novel electrolyte formulation comprising lithium chloride in ethylene glycol and Magnesium Acetate in methanol. These formulations are designed to address existing challenges and enhance supercapacitor efficiency. The study reports impressive specific capacitance values (Csp = 582, 360, and 224 F/g), specific energy (SE = 323, 200, and 124 Wh/kg), and specific power (SP = 11 628, 7200, and 1322 W/kg) for lithium chloride, magnesium acetate, and zinc chloride electrolytes, respectively. These findings open new avenues for developing optimal and sustainable energy storage solutions in an increasingly electrified world. Continued research in this domain is expected to unlock the full potential of supercapacitors, contributing to a cleaner and more energy‐efficient future.
Dynamic Evolution of Mung Bean Protein in Alkaline Solutions: Unravelling Vicilin Function Through Molecular Simulation
Authors: Taheri Afsaneh , Halim Fatin Natasha Binte Abdul , Du Juan
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effects of pH‐shifting over 0, 10, 20, and 30 min on the physicochemical characteristics of mung bean protein (MBP) isolates, identified as MBP0, MBP10, MBP20, and MBP30. The conformational features of vicilin‐type (8S), the primary component of MBP, were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings revealed the time‐dependent nature of pH‐shifting on protein flexibility, which caused changes in surface charges of MBP from 0 to 30 min. An increase in particle size, solubility, and more uniform distribution among all pH‐shifted samples were observed due to swelling. Smoother and flakier structures in pH‐shifted proteins were detected by scanning electron microscope. Molecular simulations at pH 12.0 revealed enhanced stability of vicilin with greater fluctuation of hydrophilic residues and increased flexibility, which correlated to the experimental results, highlighting vicilin's pivotal role in the flexibility and solubility of MBP during pH changes.
Forecasting Transition of Personal Travel Behavior in a Sharing Economy: Evidence From Consumer Preferences of Travel Modes
Authors: Park Stephen Youngjun , Choi Hyunhong , Boztuğ Yasemin , Moon HyungBin
Published: January 2025

The impacts of new mobility services on the market have led changes in consumer's travel behavior but also to various conflicts with the traditional transportation modes. Gaining social consensus, deriving policy and market strategies suitable for the different transportation modes is crucial. This study's objective is to make predictions about future transportation markets by examining consumers' preferences and choices regarding transportation mode. Specifically, this study employs the mixed multiple discrete‐continuous extreme value model to quantitatively identify consumers' attitudes towards various types of transportation modes. In addition to evaluating consumer preferences and usage choices of different transportation modes, the study examines the intricate relationship between transportation modes by using market simulations to forecast future transportation markets. The results show significant potential of shared mobility services in the transportation market and identify complementary effects between taxi and ride‐sharing services. It is expected that policy implications derived can contribute to sustainably developing the transportation sector.
Black Garlic Extract Modulates Endothelin Expression and Ovulatory Function in Monosodium Glutamate Treated Rats
Authors: Gezer Arzu , Yediel Aras Şükran , Ozkaraca Mustafa , Kilic Baygutalp Nurcan , Gundogdu Gülhande , Karadag Sari Ebru , Bedir Gürsel , Üstündağ Hilal
Published: January 2025

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a widely used food additive, has been associated with various health concerns, including potential reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of black garlic (BG) ethanol extract against MSG‐induced ovarian damage in rats. Thirty‐two female rats in estrus were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): control (saline), BG (250 mg/kg BW), MSG (4 mg/g BW), and BG+MSG (combined treatment). Treatments were administered daily for 14 days. Ovarian tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and biochemical analyses. Histopathological examination revealed a significant reduction in cystic follicles in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (p < 0.0001). IHC analysis showed decreased immunoreactivity of endothelin‐1 and endothelin‐2 in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (both p < 0.01). Biochemical assays demonstrated significantly increased follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol levels in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (all p < 0.05), while progesterone levels were significantly lower in the MSG group compared to the BG+MSG group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that BG ethanol extract may mitigate MSG‐induced ovarian dysfunction in rats by alleviating degenerative changes in follicles and modulating hormonal levels. This study provides insights into potential natural interventions for MSG‐related reproductive toxicity.
Geometric Study and Clinical Case Series for Mandible Reconstruction With a Single‐Piece Scapular Free Flap
Authors: Tran Khanh Linh , Chen Alex , Yang David , Kwon Jamie Jae Young , Sabiq Farahna , Fels Sidney , Hodgson Antony , Durham James Scott , Prisman Eitan
Published: January 2025

Background

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) with simple cutting templates could help surgeons preoperatively plan scapula reconstructions in the vertical and horizontal orientations.

Methods

Virtually, eight defects were created in ten healthy mandibles and reconstructed with the subject‐specific scapula vertically and horizontally. In the clinical series, 15 single‐piece scapula mandible reconstructions planned with in‐house VSP and guided with simple templates were compared with 15 freehand reconstructions.

Results

Virtually, the vertical placement outperformed the horizontal placement in dice score (DSC) and Hausdorff‐95 for all but one defect. Clinically, the VSP cohort had shorter operative time (386.6 ± 111.6 min vs. 268.9 ± 50.6 min, p = 0.002), fewer tracheostomies (73% vs. 15%, p = 0.002), lower length of hospital stay (16.6 ± 13.5 days vs. 12.2 ± 8.1 days, p = 0.319), and higher complete/partial union to a non‐significant degree (78% vs. 100%, p = 0.471).

Conclusion

A single‐piece scapula free flap is a versatile option for mandibular reconstruction. VSP has time and cost savings potential and quality of life impact that should be further investigated.
Fourteen‐Year Fluvial Sediment Record Shows Non‐Conservativeness of Organic Tracers: Recommendations for Sediment Fingerprinting
Authors: Riddle Brenden , Fox Jimmy , Ford Bill , Husic Admin , Pollock Erik
Published: January 2025

While tracing the sources of fluvial sediment using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ15N) has progressed significantly over the last two decades, the conservativeness of these tracers remains questionable. Recent work indicates that δ13C and δ15N alterations in streambed deposition zones likely represent the largest source of uncertainty impacting usefulness of the isotopic ratios as tracers. Here we report a 14‐year dataset of δ13C and δ15N of fluvial sediment from a streambed‐dominated basin in Kentucky, USA, and employ empirical model decomposition (EMD) to identify dominant temporal trends that may impact conservativeness. Results from EMD show significant seasonality of δ13C and δ15N for sediment as well as underlying multi‐year variation. The seasonal and multi‐year variance account for 72% and 50% of the total data variation for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. The prominent seasonality for δ13C and δ15N show a mean intra‐annual change of 0.6‰ and 1.1‰, respectively, and the seasonal change is attributed to algal accrual and organic matter turnover in the streambed sediment deposits. Mixing model simulations show that the mean streambed isotopic ratios should be separated from other sediment sources by 3.0‰ and 3.6‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively, to achieve 90% accuracy in source apportionment when the isotopic ratios are used independently; and the mean streambed value of both isotopic ratios should be separated from other sediment sources by 3.0‰ when δ13C and δ15N are used in combination. Our results lead to the recommendation that isotope ratios of sources be separated by at least 3‰ when the streambed is expected to be a prominent sediment source, which far exceeds the prior recommendation of 1‰ mean separation of sources.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Soil Water δ18O and δ2H Reveals Hydrological Processes in Two Floodplain Soils
Authors: Ceming‐Barbato Amanda , Keim Richard F.
Published: January 2025

Soil water budgets in floodplains are distinct from uplands because there are more potential sources of water yet remain poorly understood and poorly represented in the empirical literature. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H) and oxygen (18O) in water are useful as tracers of water movement and have improved conceptual understanding of soil hydrological processes. We sampled two adjacent microsites at a ridge‐swale sequence in a forested floodplain Louisiana, USA to determine temporal and spatial soil water isotopic variability in soils of similar climate and ecosystem but contrasting textures and hydrological processes. Repeated soil borings indicated that soil water isotopic variability was greater than any source water sampled (range of δ18O (‰): −11.9 to −0.9, range of δ2H (‰): −44 to 0; n = 783) including throughfall (range of δ18O (‰): −7.6 to +4.7, range of δ2H (‰): −40 to +11; n = 162), groundwater (range of δ18O (‰): −6.2 to 0, range of δ2H (‰): −31 to −7; n = 39), ponded water within the swale (range of δ18O (‰): −6.3 to +0.2, range of δ2H (‰): −33 to −4; n = 16), and free water from boreholes (range of δ18O (‰): −21 to +5, range of δ2H (‰): −4.5 to +5.8; n = 64). Soil water isotopic variability among samples of the same depth and date was not related to soil texture, organic content, or water content, but was instead likely related to seasonal wet up. Soil water isotopic mixing models indicated soil water recharge regimes varied by microsite: Swale soils were dominated by replacement of event water and ridge soils were dominated by conservative mixing at the profile scale. The isotopic composition of bound water was less variable spatially within structured clay soil than it was in coarser textured soil (average difference in s2 0.241 for δ18O and 2.6 for δ2H) apparently because the microtopography of the site allowed for greater inundation and more persistent source waters among swale soils.
Implementation of a pharmacist‐driven continuous glucose monitoring program within an American Indian/Alaska Native community
Authors: Udby DeAnne L. , Smith Dena K. , Cushman Nicholas , Vue Mary , Reyes‐Gastelum David , Klapperich Austin , Ohman Tori , Hromika Alyssa J. , Mackler Emily R.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ambulatory care pharmacists can help overcome systemic barriers in diabetes management for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) by facilitating the adoption and management of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology. Despite the proven clinical benefits of CGM, its use in AI/AN populations remains limited and underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist‐driven CGM program on glycemic control in AI/AN patients with diabetes and to characterize the implementation of the intervention in clinical practice.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single‐center, observational study using data from a pharmacist‐driven CGM program at a rural, Indian Health Service, ambulatory health center in the midwestern United States serving AI/AN individuals. The study included a pilot phase with a matched‐cohort design and a subsequent post‐pilot implementation. Participants in the intervention group received comprehensive CGM education and management from clinical pharmacists, with follow‐up visits for 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, analyzed using multilevel linear regression models.

Results

In the pilot phase, 79% of the intervention group achieved a 1% reduction in HbA1c at 6 months, with an average reduction of 2%. The control group showed no significant change (p = 0.032 for CGM vs. control arms). Post‐pilot implementation maintained these improvements, with a mean HbA1c reduction of 1.5% in a larger patient cohort (p < 0.001 for pre‐ vs. post‐CGM implementation). Patient confidence in managing diabetes and satisfaction with care also increased.

Conclusion

Implementing a pharmacist‐driven CGM program in AI/AN communities can address health care disparities and improve diabetes outcomes. This model holds promise for broader application in managing chronic diseases in underserved populations, highlighting the critical role of pharmacists in interdisciplinary health care teams. Further research should focus on long‐term outcomes and economic impacts to support the widespread adoption of this approach.
Model Averaging and Double Machine Learning
Authors: Ahrens Achim , Hansen Christian B. , Schaffer Mark E. , Wiemann Thomas
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses pairing double/debiased machine learning (DDML) with stacking, a model averaging method for combining multiple candidate learners, to estimate structural parameters. In addition to conventional stacking, we consider two stacking variants available for DDML: Short‐stacking exploits the cross‐fitting step of DDML to substantially reduce the computational burden, and pooled stacking enforces common stacking weights over cross‐fitting folds. Using calibrated simulation studies and two applications estimating gender gaps in citations and wages, we show that DDML with stacking is more robust to partially unknown functional forms than common alternative approaches based on single pre‐selected learners. We provide Stata and R software implementing our proposals.
Understanding and Streamlining Dose Finding: From Dose Simulation to Dose Estimation
Authors: Bräm Dominic , Bachmann Freya , Schropp Johannes , Gotta Verena , Steffens Britta , van den Anker John , Pfister Marc , Koch Gilbert
Published: January 2025

Understanding drug dosing to fulfill safety and efficacy requirements in a patient population is an essential part of dose finding in clinical practice and drug development. The majority of current dose finding methods are simulation‐based, which can be time consuming and resource intensive. Model‐based simulations also do not guarantee that the dose, that will optimally fulfill the safety and efficacy endpoints, will be found. In this work, an advanced dose estimation approach based on the OptiDose concept is utilized to understand therapeutic doses in a patient population and to streamline dose finding. To demonstrate the potential of this concept, two illustrative case studies are presented, each representing specific challenges for dose finding, including different safety and efficacy requirements, complex dose–response relationships, and changes of dynamics in special populations. For both applications, the distributions of therapeutic doses in the population were estimated, such that therapeutic population doses can be determined for any proportion of patients to fulfill the safety and efficacy endpoints. In addition, the therapeutic population dose with which 50% and 95% of the population will fulfill the safety and efficacy requirements was estimated. Dose estimation for both drug applications was implemented in Monolix. The presented OptiDose approach has the potential to identify the “optimal” dose for any pharmacometric and clinical pharmacology scenario, allowing to guide clinical practice and facilitate dose selection in drug development, particularly in special populations such as pediatric or cancer patients. As such, we suggest moving from current “dose simulation” approaches toward a more efficient “dose estimation” paradigm.
Effect of a Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Progression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin , Rintaravitoon Wiwit , Tangjaturonrasme Bhagawat , Chotsriluecha Samitti , Pumsutas Yanisa , Kanchanapradith Achariya , Treeprasertsuk Sombat
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite the popularity of a ketogenic diet, no randomized, controlled trials have evaluated its efficacy on metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression.

Methods

We conducted an 8‐week, open‐label, randomized controlled trial involving 24 patients with MASLD who were randomly assigned to either the home delivery ketogenic diet or a nutrition education program on adherence to the DASH diet. The primary outcome was a reduction in hepatic steatosis as measured by transient elastography.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups in liver stiffness and steatosis measurement after interventions. Subjects on a ketogenic diet had lost more weight than subjects in the control group at 8 weeks (mean change [95% CI], −6.16 [−7.22, −5.10] vs. −2.14 [−4.49, 0.21] kg; p = 0.001). The decrease in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fat mass, and visceral fat area was significantly greater among subjects on a ketogenic diet than among those in the control group. Laboratory parameters, including AST, triglyceride, and HDL were also significantly decreased among subjects on a ketogenic diet than among those in the control group.

Conclusions

A ketogenic diet produced a significantly greater weight loss (absolute difference, approximately 4%) than did the general lifestyle advice intervention for the first 8 weeks. A ketogenic diet was associated with a greater improvement in some risk factors for coronary heart disease and MASLD. However, a ketogenic diet did not reduce steatosis nor worsen MASLD progression. Longer and larger studies are required to determine the long‐term safety and efficacy of the ketogenic diet.

Trial Registration: TCTR20220426005
Modification of a hemostatic powder spray device for delivery through an incompatible endoscope
Authors: Winkie Colin A. , Grisham John M. , Mezoff Ethan A. , Erdman Steven H. , Flahive Colleen B.
Published: January 2025

Hemostatic powder sprays are a valuable adjunct therapy in the management of gastrointestinal bleeds. Currently, available hemostatic powder spray delivery systems are designed for endoscopes with 2.8 mm operational channels. This limits their use in endoscopes with smaller operational channels designed for patients with atypical anatomy and small children. We report a case in which delivery of hemostatic spray was accomplished through a 2.2 mm working channel by way of after‐market modification to the delivery system.