bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BIO PREPARATION OILDESTRUCTOR «LENOIL»® – NORD, SHP
Authors: Korshunova T. Yu. , Loginov O. N.
Published: December 2019

Based on experimental results, toxicological assessment of the biological product oil-destructor «Lenoil»® – NORD, SHP is reported.. The biological product is intended for cleaning of oil-polluted soils and water objects at low positive temperatures. It was found out that the median lethal dose (LD50) at intragastric intake amounts to more than 5000 mg/kg, therefore the biological product refers to hazard class 4 (low hazardous substances). The biological product does not cause signs of irritation of respiratory tracts, but is able to induce slight irritation of eye mucous membranes and skin ( repeated applications).The biological product has no sensitizing action when reproducing a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The biological product oil-destructor “Lenoil»® – NORD, SHP can be used for its intended purpose, i.e. to accelerate the destruction of oil and petroleum products during the remediation of oil-contaminated sites. At work the personnel must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment and observe hygiene and sanitary norms.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONOBIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS ON TOXICITY OF ISONIAZID AND RIFAMPICIN COMBINATION UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS IN RATS
Authors: Usov K. I. , Guskova T. A. , Yushkov G. G. , Mashanov A. V. , Gushchina A. A.
Published: December 2019

Results of an experimental toxicological study on anti-tubercular drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin at their combined administration are reported . It made it possible to establish antagonistic effect of rifampicin to lethal doses of isoniazid and to elicit a decrease in toxicity of the of isoniazid and rifampicin combination when administrated at the evening time..
Apoptosis markers are molecular targets of sulfure mustard toxic action
Authors: Rogovskaya N. Yu. , Babakov V. N.
Published: December 2019

Cellular in vitro test systems, which allow to determine apoptosis activation at different concentrations of sulfur mustard, were proposed. The efficiency of these test systems was evaluated by the action of N-acetylcysteine. As indicators of toxic effect, were evaluated an integral cytotoxicity and activation of the following targets: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1), caspase-3, caspase-9, transcription factor p53 and other markers of apoptosis in human SH-SY5Y cells extracts after sulfur mustard and sulfur mustard with N-acetylcysteine exposure. We can distinguished the following main target of sulfur mustard toxic action on the cells: caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP1 and p53 transcription factor, which in this system was the primary target and was activated after 6 h toxicant exposure. The active forms of enzymes caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP1 significantly accumulate in cells after 24 h toxicant exposure.
Experimental Substantiation of Hygientic Regulatory Standards for a Mixture of С6-С10 Saturated Hydrocarbons in the Atmospheric Air of Residential Areas
Authors: Radilov A. S. , Shkaeva I. E. , Nikolaev A. I. , Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Solntseva S. A. , Nikulina O. S. , Popov V. B. , Protasova G. A.
Published: December 2019

Toxicity and hazard assessment of the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons C6-C10 (hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane)) at a single and chronic exposure was PERFORMED in animal experiments. It was shown that in terms of acute toxicity, the mixture is low hazard, exhibits moderate irritant effect on skin and eye mucous membrane and shows a slight dermal resorptive effect. The threshold limit concentration for a single inhalation exposure (Limac) as estimate4d by the resorptive effect is 5250±mg/m3 At a long 90 day continuous exposure, neuro-, hepato- and embryo toxicity was revealed at a concentration of 160mg/m3. The threshold limit concentration for chronic exposure (Limch) was estimated as 31.4 mg/ m3 and no effect concentration as 5.2 mg/m3. The threshold limit concentration of the mixtu re based on reflex action was estimated on a level of 280 mg/m3. Based on the investigations outcome, the mixture of saturated hydrocarbons C6-C10 is referred to hazard class 3. Maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) in the atmospheric air of residential areas were substantiated: MAC average daily based on resorptive effect equals to 5 mg/m3; MAC maximum single based on reflex action equals to 50 mg/m3.
ECOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD, POSED BY WATER CONTAMINATION OF WATER BODIES WITH POLYVINYL NITRATE
Authors: Maslennikov A. A. , Demidova S. A. , Ryabova A. V.
Published: December 2019

Water containing polyvinyl nitrate was experimentally assessed on the basis of organoleptic, general sanitary and toxicological indicators of harmfulness. It was established that that the compound did not change water organoleptic properties but produced a negative impact on viability of saprophytic microflora , nitrification processes and biochemical oxygen demand. Besides, in tests on animals. the substance caused acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity. Based on those signs of harmfulness, threshold levels of exposure were established. Data obtained were taken into account for substantiation of MAC (Maximum allowable concentration) of polyvinyl nitrate in water bodies.
DETERMINATION OF 2,4-D IN SOME FOOD PRODUCTS (MILK, EGGS, LIVER, KIDNEYS) BY CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS
Authors: Rakitskii V. N. , Fedorova N. E. , Bayusheva V. V. , Egorchenkova O. E. , Bondareva L. G.
Published: December 2019

The modern technique for the determination of 2,4-D, that belongs to global environmental pollutants, including the use of the technology of sample preparation - dispersive solid-phase-liquid extraction (QuEChERS), new for products of animal origin, has been developed. The sample preparation procedure includes the steps of: preliminary freezing of the sample to be analyzed, extraction with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid in the presence of MgSO4 and NaCl, purification by dispersive solid-phase extraction using a mixture of sorbents based on primarysecondary amine, octadecylsilane and graphitized carbon black, the freeze of the solution - at the last stage. Using the proposed technique allows to isolate the desired component from a matrix with a high content of animal fat into a selected organic solvent with high efficiency, that made it possible to expand significantly the arsenal of analytical equipment used to detect residual amounts of 2,4-D in food products of agricultural production, for example milk, eggs and offal (liver, kidney): tandem liquid mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective and electron-capture detectors (GLC-MSD, GLC-ECD). The lower limit of the quantitative determination is 2,4-D: 0,005 mg/kg for milk and eggs, 0.05 mg/kg for the liver and kidneys. Completeness of extraction is 85-94%, RMS of repeatability is 3,4-11,4%.
News on toxicity and hazard of chemical and biological substances N.I. Sheina MICROORGANISM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SSP. TOUMANOFFI 25
Authors: Budanova E. V. , Myalina L. I. , Sazonova L. P. , Kolesnikova V. V.
Published: December 2019

Strain B. thuringiensis ssp. toumanoffi 25 does not have sensitizing properties, does not affect the cellular and humoral parts of the immune system, the intestinal microflora. The MAC of the strain in the air of the working area is recommended at 5x104 mg/m3, in the atmospheric air of residential areas it is 5x103 mg/m3.
APPROACHES TO TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENE ASSESSMENT OF UNSTABLE METAL-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE EXAMPLE OF MAGNESOCENE (CP2MG) (BIS (CYCLOPENTADIENYL) MAGNESIUM)
Authors: Zamkova I. V.
Published: December 2019

Approaches to the evaluation of toxicity and hazard of unstable substance bis(cyclopentadienyl) magnesium MAGNESOCENE (Cp2Mg)) are presented . The toxicity of the substance is determined by its main transformation products -magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and cyclopentadiene. Due to the instability of the substance (it exists only in an inert environment) it is not possible to conduct studies on its sensitizing effect ,its reprotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic action on the organism. Control of the unstable compound bis (cyclopentadienyl) magnesium in the air of the working area and human habitat should be based on its transformation products: magnesium oxide and cyclopentadiene.
The Relationship between Anemia in Pregnancy and Length of Newborns at Benyamin Guluh Hospital, Kolaka Regency, 2018
Authors: Kartini Kartini
Published: December 2019

Pregnant women with anemia have disruption in the distribution of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the placenta and fetus, which affects the function of the placenta. Decreased placental function can result in fetal growth and development disorders. The research objective was to determine the relationship between anemia in pregnancy and body length of newborns at Benyamin Guluh Hospital, Kolaka Regency in 2018. The research design used was case control. The research sample was babies born in 2018, amounting to 84 babies. The data collection instrument was in the form of a filling sheet. Data analysis used chi square test and OR. There were 42 babies (11.73%) who were <48 cm long. There is a correlation between anemia in pregnancy and the length of the baby at Benyamin Guluh Hospital, Kolaka Regency (X2 = 12.5; p = 0.00). Mothers who have anemia have a risk of 5.95 times that their babies have a birth length <48 cm (OR = 5.95; 95% CI = 2.27-15.6).
CASTLEMAN DISEASE: A GREAT MIMICKER OF METASTASES IN RADIOIODINE REFRACTORY THYROID CANCER
Authors: Rashid Nazia , Hassan Aamna , Akhter Noreen , Hameed Abdul
Published: December 2019

A 27-year-old male underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid swelling. Histopathology showed papillary thyroid carcinoma [T3 - 6.0 cm] with extra-thyroidal extension. The patient was treated with 150 mCi radioactive iodine(RAI) as adjuvant ablative therapy. Radioiodine refractory disease was identified 1-year post-RAI therapy with elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative I-131 whole body scan. F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computedtomography scan showed activity in the right thyroid bed and multilevel right cervical nodes. Right-sided modified neck dissection was done, which showed Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in right cervical nodes. The most probable cause of elevated tumour markers was found out to be 0.6 cm right thyroid bed nodule on follow-up ultrasonography. Our patient also had coexistent conditions as; osteopoikilosis and Hepatitis C along with thyroid carcinoma.Key words: Castleman disease, lymph node, radioiodine, thyroid cancer
Chemical synthesis of tripeptide thioesters for the biotechnological incorporation into the myxobacterial secondary metabolite argyrin via mutasynthesis
Authors: Siebert David C B , Sommer Roman , Pogorevc Domen , Hoffmann Michael , Wenzel Silke C , Müller Rolf , Titz Alexander
Published: December 2019

The argyrins are secondary metabolites from myxobacteria with antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Studying their structure–activity relationship is hampered by the complexity of the chemical total synthesis. Mutasynthesis is a promising approach where simpler and fully synthetic intermediates of the natural product’s biosynthesis can be biotechnologically incorporated. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of tripeptide thioesters as mutasynthons containing the native sequence with a dehydroalanine (Dha) Michael acceptor attached to a sarcosine (Sar) and derivatives. Chemical synthesis of the native sequence ᴅ-Ala-Dha-Sar thioester required revision of the sequential peptide synthesis into a convergent strategy where the thioester with sarcosine was formed before coupling to the Dha-containing dipeptide.
Lifetimes and Oscillator Strengths for Ultraviolet Transitions in Neutral Chlorine
Authors: Alkhayat R. B. , Irving R. E. , Federman S. R. , Ellis D. G. , Cheng S.
Published: December 2019

We present lifetime measurements using beam-foil techniques for radiative transitions from the 3p
4(1
S)4s
2
S
1/2, 3p
4(3
P)5

, and 3p
4(3
P)3d
2
F
5/2 levels in Cl I and the corresponding results of the oscillator strengths for transitions at 1004.68, 1079.88, 1090.73, and 1094.77 Å, respectively. We compare our experimental results with available theoretical calculations and astronomical observations in an effort to resolve discrepancies among them.
Learning about the Intermediate Neutron-capture Process from Lead Abundances*
Authors: Hampel Melanie , Karakas Amanda I. , Stancliffe Richard J. , Meyer Bradley S. , Lugaro Maria
Published: December 2019

Lead (Pb) is predominantly produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process) in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. In contrast to significantly enhanced Pb abundances predicted by low-mass, low-metallicity AGB models, observations of Magellanic post-AGB stars show incompatibly low Pb abundances. Observations of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars whose s-process enrichments are accompanied by heavy elements traditionally associated with the rapid neutron-capture process (r process) have raised the need for a neutron-capture process operating at neutron densities intermediate to the s and r process: the so-called i process. We study i-process nucleosynthesis with single-zone nuclear-network calculations. Our i-process models can explain the heavy-element abundance patterns measured in Magellanic post-AGB stars including their puzzlingly low Pb abundances. Furthermore, the heavy-element enhancements in the post-AGB and CEMP-i stars, particularly their Pb abundance, allow us to characterize the neutron densities and exposures of the i process that produced the observed abundance patterns. We find that the lower-metallicity CEMP-i stars (

) have heavy-element abundances best matched by models with higher neutron densities and exposures (τ > 2.0 mbarn−1) compared to the higher-metallicity post-AGB stars (

, τ < 1.3 mbarn−1). This offers new constraints and insights regarding the properties of i-process sites and demonstrates that the responsible process operates on timescales of the order of a few years or less.
El desarrollo de la literatura religiosa no elitista en la España medieval tardía y su reflejo en el Menorat ha-Maor de Rabbi Isaac Aboab
Authors: Marciano Yoel
Published: December 2019

Las obras rabínicas escritas en la Península Ibérica hasta finales del siglo XIII se caracterizaron por una tendencia elitista, manifestada por los eruditos de diferentes orientaciones religiosas. Ellos dirigían sus obras a la clase de élite cuyos miembros fueron sabios o eruditos. A partir del siglo XIV aconteció un cambio decisivo en la actividad literal rabínica en España. Los autores comenzaron a confeccionar libros con carácter no elitista destinados para la ilustración de dos grupos notables: El público judío no-rabínico que tenía conocimientos limitados de la ley y la sabiduría rabínica (pero fue capaz de leer la Torá y utilizar la lengua hebrea); estudiantes en el comienzo de su carrera rabínica. La primera parte del artículo describe la extensión del fenómeno y los caracteres en que esta fue manifestada entre los judíos en los siglos XIV y XV en España y entre los exiliados después de la expulsión de España. La segunda parte presenta el fenómeno como se refleja en el Menorat ha-Maor de R. Isaac Aboab. El estudio del libro y sus características permite una mejor comprensión de los antecedentes y el desarrollo del fenómeno desde un punto de vista social y religioso. Esta parte del artículo aborda diferentes aspectos, como la brecha entre la literatura disponible y las exigencias sociales, los diferentes usos y abusos del sermón en la sociedad, la necesidad de formar predicadores de la literatura auxiliar y, por último, los aspectos didácticos de la literatura judía al final de la Edad Media.
Obras filosóficas y de jurisprudencia rabínica de Maimónides: un recorrido por sus ediciones y traducciones
Authors: García Arévalo Tania M.ª
Published: December 2019

La figura del sabio cordobés Maimónides y la extensa obra que compuso se han convertido en una fuente inagotable de estudio. Sus escritos médicos, aquellos más personales en forma epistolar y su producción filosófica y legal no han cesado de ser analizados desde muy diferentes perspectivas, lo que revierte en la aparición constante nuevos estudios, conclusiones y resultados en torno a ellos. En estas páginas nos centraremos en ofrecer un seguimiento de sus obras filosóficas y de jurisprudencia rabínica a través de las ediciones, traducciones y estudios destacados hasta la fecha con el objetivo de procurar un punto de partida para futuras investigaciones sobre ellas.
Representaciones de la experiencia parisina. ¡No contaban con mi astucia! – Sobre héroes, demonios y narcóticos en América Latina
Authors: Velázquez Carlos
Published: December 2019

Mediante la comparación de la historia constitutiva del continente americano con un proceso disociativo de la consciencia, con recurso a los preceptos de la investigación cualitativa de paradigma junguiano (PENNA, 2004), metaforizo el continente con las cualidades psíquicas de la dicotomía consciencia / inconsciente, a fin de, en reducción, observar el fenómeno del surgimiento y desarrollo del narcotráfico. Imágenes de cuño mitológico surgen en el proceso y ofrecen indicios al ejercicio interpretativo. Concluyo con la sugestión del surgimiento de un nuevo nicho cultural, capaz de impulsar significativos cambios en el orden social contemporáneo.
Le Fondeur et le Sculpteur
Authors: Lebon Élisabeth
Published: December 2019

Deux œuvres en bronze très connues, la Jeanne d’Arc de Dubois et le Surtout du duc d’Orléans de Barye, sont étudiées ici sous l’angle de la technique de fonte. Cette étude propose une lecture inédite de leur histoire, mettant en évidence le rôle des artisans et leur savoir-faire au service de la création artistique. Elle est accompagnée d’essais qui appellent à porter un regard nouveau sur ces questions.

Cette publication propose également un appareil documentaire (glossaire, répertoire, bibliographie très complète donnant souvent accès aux textes intégraux en ligne, transcription de sources manuscrites et inédites), constituant ainsi une somme unique sur le sujet.

Elle vient en parallèle d’un essai papier intitulé Fonte au sable, fonte à cire, histoire d’une rivalité (Paris, Ophrys/INHA, 2012).
Dire entre les lignes
Authors: Provost Fabien
Published: December 2019

En Inde comme ailleurs, un principe fondamental de la médecine légale consiste en l’objectivité de l’examinateur dans l’évaluation du cas dont il a la charge. Selon ce principe, le travail médico-légal implique la description objective des aspects anatomiques et pathologiques des lésions qu’il observe. Les avis concernant l’histoire du cas et la manière de la mort relèvent en Inde des prérogatives respectives de la police et des tribunaux. Pourtant, les médecins légistes en Inde affichent une volonté de s’exprimer et de contribuer activement à l’enquête de police. Cet article révèle que l’écriture des rapports médico-légaux est conçue par les médecins légistes comme un moyen possible pour communiquer des points de vue non médicaux à la cour. Mais comment ces experts peuvent-ils livrer des avis sur les cas tout en conformant leur expression aux exigences propres à leur champ professionnel ?
Tiptoeing along the red lines
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: December 2019

In 2016, one of the largest Chinese Muslim websites was shut down. The death of such a website raises questions regarding the censorious agency exercised by ordinary Chinese Muslims and the development of digital Islam in contemporary China. This narrative follows a Muslim online moderator, Yahyaa, and recounts his experience of self-censorship through ethnographic engagements. It asks: in China’s highly regulated yet porous digital landscape, what are the unique risks and challenges an ordinary Muslim may be facing? What is silenced and what gets heard? By tracing Yahyaa’s life story, this narrative pays close attention to the specific tactics and ethical choices in managing a digital Islamic space. It also highlights how Muslim online moderators creatively interpret the red lines (hongxian) of state regulations through their principle of management (guanli). Yahyaa’s story shows how, as a Muslim moderator, his censorious agency is both constrained and empowering. This multifaceted agency has significant implications for understanding the censored digital landscape in China, particularly in relation to the cyberspace created and navigated by faith-based minorities such as the Chinese Muslims. Such censorious agency holds promise for the development of public spaces and civic societies in contemporary China, no matter how constraining the current censorship that has been imposed upon its citizens.
Business Models for Urban Farming in and Around Urban Protected Areas
Authors: Popović Vesna , Mihailović Branko M.
Published: December 2019

In the Best Practice Guidelines for Urban Protected Areas, IUCN pointed out that managers of urban protected areas should take advantage of the large numbers of visitors to: demonstrate, facilitate, and promote the many benefits of contact with nature; and make healthy food available and encourage good eating habits. Urban, and particularly urban protected area constraints and opportunities have forced farms to adopt different business models or to combine elements of different business models to meet sustainability goals under challenging conditions. The authors analyse EkoPark Belgrade, organic farm in special purpose zone of Avala Protected Area that combines certified organic production and direct sales with a range of on-farm services and experiences for farm visitors. Authors analyse different aspects of EkoPark business model and emphasize key success factors using Canvas Business Model. The results can help farmers in and around urban protected areas to choose viable farm development strategy.
Importance of Plant Production in Development of Rural Areas
Authors: Jovanović Todorović Marijana , Puškarić Anton
Published: December 2019

This chapter analyzes plant production from the perspective of development rural areas and it is based on the case study for rural areas on territory of Smederevo. The main goal of this chapter points to the current situation in plant production as one of the most important agricultural activities and that creates the basis for future development. It will be presented data collected from Census of agriculture, yearbooks, and local reports, but also data collected in the field. The authors apply theoretical and practical frame of research based on the case of study, which is oriented on used agricultural land, realized production and yield in period 2013-2017.
State and Possibilities for Development of Livestock Production in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Nastic Lana , Markovic Todor
Published: December 2019

Basic features of the agricultural production in Serbia are small average farm size, small plots of land, low competitiveness, and problems with financing. An average farm size in Serbia is only 5.4 hectares of utilized agricultural area, while a majority of livestock farms have less than 5 livestock units. Livestock products do not have significant participation within structure of agricultural export, which indicates that a lot of resources in livestock breeding are not sufficiently used. This chapter perceives the present situation and analyzes development possibilities for livestock production in Serbia. To enhance livestock production, it is necessary to overcome obstacles such as investments and their financing, technology improvement, and marketing problems. State support is crucial in the entire process. Development of livestock breeding could reduce rural poverty and development of rural areas, primarily in hilly and mountainous regions.
Sustainable Rural Livelihoods
Authors: Petrevska Biljana , Terzić Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

The study examines the concept of resilient societies that are emerging recently by opening the question of social empowerment and willingness to cope with uncertainties. It presents a comprehensive review on the issue of real contribution of tourism based economies within rural communities. The study evaluates the basic preconditions for tourism related activities in sampled rural areas in North Macedonia and Southern and Eastern Serbia, being particularly vulnerable in terms of social and economic issues (aging, poverty, migration and depopulation). The concept of ‘sustainable rural livelihoods' is further enlightened, and many recommendations are noted. Generally, rural tourism should be focused on providing additional financial input, but also seek a way to attract tourists in periods with low agricultural activity. The vitality and prosperity of the village itself does not rely on tourism activity only, but rather on the natural resources and human capital, thus providing sustainable livelihood for the residents.
The Role of Human Resource Management in Agriculture Sector Enterprises
Authors: Berber Nemanja , Slavić Agneš
Published: December 2019

Agribusiness firms are faced with several challenges like globalization, internationalization of business, the introduction of new technologies, especially the digitalization process, higher competitiveness of foreign agribusiness firms, etc. One of the very important challenges is the effective management of human capital. Although it is one of the most important management activities in each firm, human resource management (HRM) in the agribusiness sector is still unexplored in terms of scientific research and practical implementation. This chapter explores the nature and specifics of human resources management in agribusiness enterprises, and presents the practice of the basic and most important HRM activities in agribusiness firms in Serbia, on the example of 12 organizations that were investigated. The methodology used in the research is based on a theoretical investigation of available literature and data from worldwide databases but also from Cranet project, one of the largest and well-known, world-wide HRM projects.
A Study on Youth Aspiration and Perception of Agriculture and Its Policy Implications
Authors: Musa Siti Fatimahwati Pehin Dato
Published: December 2019

Food security is becoming a generational problem whereby farming is increasingly synonymous with the older generation. To ensure food security through increased production, more youth participation in agriculture sector is crucial and policies need to encourage youths in the sector. How young people respond to opportunities and whether agriculture can meet their aspirations are critical in terms of food security and future employment. It is critical for policymakers to think beyond the conception of youth as just labour for agriculture production. The aspirations and the expectations of youths need to be addressed to motivate their interest in agriculture.
Green Materials in Hybrid Composites for Automotive Applications
Authors: Norizan N. M. , Atiqah A. , Ansari M. N. M. , Rahmah M.
Published: December 2019

The increasing trend of using bio-based fibre, also known as natural fibre, provides many benefits for long-term environmental preservation. In the biocomposites group, green composites are a specific class whereby the bio-based polymer is reinforced with natural fibre. The current review deals with the advance of green materials in hybrid composites for automotive applications. The variation of green materials such as natural fibres is developed to be used as hybrid green materials as reinforcing materials in composites. There are many works done by another researcher that showed the improvement of utilizing the green materials of composites. The application and challenges of having green materials in composites for automotive applications are also presented.
Optimizing the Mercerisation Effect on the Mode I Fracture Toughness of Bambusa Vulgaris Bamboo Using Surface Response Method
Authors: Hassan Mohamad Zaki , Roslan Siti Amni , A. Rasid Zainudin , Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri , Sapuan S. M. , Muhammad-Sukki Firdaus
Published: December 2019

Alkaline treatment is widely being promoted to treat natural fibres and improves the fibre bundle surface for better interlocking with the polymer matrix. The aim of this study is to optimize the merceration parameter including natrium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, soaking and drying time for Bambusa Vulgaris bamboo using response surface methodology (RSM). Here, the treatment conditions were employed by the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The comparative study of the treated and untreated fibre on crack propagation behaviour, Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) of the bamboo along the longitudinal direction test was carried out. Through the statistical analysis approach (ANOVA), it is suggested that bamboo treated with 1.5 wt.% concentration of NaOH is capable to reach the fracture toughness value up to 367.25 J/m2. It is also shown that all proposed variables for treatment in this study (i.e., the concentration of the NaOH is highly significant with the 2.85 hours of soaking and drying for 72.5 hours).
Coding Across the Curriculum
Authors: Kellinger Janna Jackson
Published: December 2019

This chapter explores why teacher educators should teach teachers how to integrate coding across content areas and how to do so by applying concepts of computational thinking such as using algorithms, flowcharts, and Boolean logic to all fields. Teaching teachers how to teach coding across the content areas offers opportunities to diversify people in a field where intimidation, discrimination, and lack of opportunities has effectively kept the field of programming largely white or Asian and male. In addition, as our lives become more and more infused with technology, Rushkoff warns that we either learn how to program or become programmed. This means that not everyone needs to become a computer programmer, but everyone needs to understand how programming computers works. In other words, coding across content areas would help prepare all students, not just those pursuing the field of computer science, for the 21st century.
Crab-Walking in the Crosswalk
Authors: Elwood Susan A. , Bippert Kelli
Published: December 2019

Faculty integration of the technology standards and competencies remain a concern in higher education, especially in the movement toward competency-based education and portfolio development. The “CRABwalk within the Crosswalk” occurs as both ISTE educator standards and TETC competencies are collaboratively reviewed and worked. This protocol is designed to help align a team's multiple standards and competencies within one collaborative assessment tool. It provides a cognitive tool to facilitate partnership collaboration that can result in greater individual and team growth and development. This chapter provides a literature review of K-12 teacher education and university faculty perceptions as a cultural models base to the presented Crosswalk to Rubric Alignment (CRABwalk) protocol. Professional standard or competency needs are of focus and therefore meet the needs of each educator group: preservice, inservice, and teacher educator.
A Profitable Education
Authors: Mehta Rohit , Creely Edwin , Henriksen Danah
Published: December 2019

In this chapter, the authors take a multifaceted critical approach to understanding and deconstructing the term 21st century skills, especially in regard to technology and the role of corporations in the discourses about education. They also consider a range of cultural and political influences in our exploration of the social and academic meanings of the term, including its history and politics. The application of the term in present-day educational contexts is considered as well as possible futures implied through the term. The goal in this chapter is to counter ideas that might diminish a humanized educational practice. Specifically, the authors offer a critique of neoliberal discourses in education, particularly the neoliberal and corporate narrative around 21st century teaching and learning. They raise concerns about what an undue emphasis on industry-oriented educational systems can mean for the core purposes of education.
Sustainable Development Model and Innovation of Mineral Resources
Authors: Jiang Song
Published: December 2019

Mineral resources are important material resources for the development of national economy, but the long-term linear and extensive mining mode leads to low exploitation and utilization of resources and serious waste of resources on the one hand; on the other hand, the environment of mining areas is deteriorating, and safety problems are prominent. Correctly handling the relationship between mineral resources, environment, and economic development has become the main problem of sustainable development of mineral enterprises. There are still some problems in the mine. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to explore the construction path model of green mine under the background of the new era. Based on the coordinated development of resources, environment, and regional economy, this chapter studies the green mine construction mode by using the knowledge of resource economics, mining science, and sustainable development theory, combining theory with empirical analysis and qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Can self-pampering act as a buffer against depression in women? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dalkou Marianna , Angelopoulou Paraskevi , Montgomery Anthony , Panagopoulou Efharis
Published: December 2019

Despite preliminary evidence that self-pampering can alleviate psychological burden that may lead to depression among women, no studies have so far examined the link between pampering and depression. The aim of this study was to explore the differential effect of pampering on depression depending on women’s marital, parental, or caregiving status. A cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 154 women employees of the municipal authority of Thessaloniki, Greece. The Pampering Behaviors Inventory was developed for the purposes of the present study. Depression was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Controlling for the effects of age, self-pampering was negatively related to depression (p=.001). Married women, women with children, and women caregivers engaged in self-pampering activities less frequently. Married women who did not use pampering were more depressed than married women who used pampering (p=.002). Women with children who did not use pampering were more depressed than women with children who used pampering (p=.004). Results of the present study contribute to a deeper understanding of the importance of self-pampering as a buffer against depression. Given the rising prevalence of depression today, it is essential to explore the potential of minimal interventions.
Attitudes of younger and older adults towards kidney diseases in Greece
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Syrmos Nikolaos
Published: December 2019

Not available.
Cyber Health Psychology: The use of new technologies at the service of psychological well being and health empowerment
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Milazzo Michele
Published: December 2019

Man and technology seem to co-evolve into a process of reciprocal conditioning. On the one hand, the man modifies (and evolves) the technology according to his needs, on the other the technology revolutionates the man and the way in which it lives. Psychology, therefore, as a discipline afferent to the human sciences, is called to take an interest in this relationship and to understand its complexity. A fundamental role in this sense is covered by “cyberpsychology” which investigates all those psychological phenomena that are associated with technology and aims to analyse the processes of change triggered by the interaction between man and the new media. From the psychological point of view, if on the one hand it is important to understand how man changes in contact with the new technologies and to what problems he is meeting. On the other hand, there is a need to understand how new technologies, given their transformative potential, can find a place within the therapeutic practice. In this regard, some of the technologies used in the clinical field have been analysed including: virtual reality, biosensors, artificial intelligence and affective computing. With the aim of understanding to what extent and how technological progress and the emergence of new technologies can contribute and generate value within the psychological panorama. Following the PRISMA statement a bibliographic research was carried out, which provided for consultation of the Medline and PsycINFO databases. The criteria according to which works have been selected rather than others refer to their precision and sensitivity with which they propose to treat technological applications in the field of health psychology and from this the emergence of the new theme “CYBER HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY”. The results of the research suggest that the integrated use of psychological techniques and new technologies is extremely productive in terms of potential improvement of health and therefore of “health empowerment”. In this vision, new technologies are not intended to replace traditional procedures but to integrate them by making available features and potential that man does not have in nature. Given the great potential of the instruments analyzed that still today continue to evolve and refine it is advisable to know them, validate their effectiveness and adapt our operational models to new realities.
A case study on the development of representative sampling procedure to determine mercury levels in a lot of tuna caught by static trap
Authors: Piras Pierluigi , Assaretti Antonio , Fiori Gianuario , Sanna Andrea , Chessa Giannina
Published: December 2019

Mercury contamination in fish products, and in large pelagic predatory fish in particular, is a remarkable food safety issue that affects fish industry. A lot made up by Bluefin tunas caught at Porto Paglia − in the south-western coast of Sardinia − was subject to several sessions of fish meat official sampling, as disputable results of mercury level determination suggested a potential non-compliance to maximum allowable limit. Local competent Veterinary Service reviewed the sampling procedure introducing more rigorous details including the identification of a specific muscular portion as sampling site, after having taken into account both statutory provisions laid down by Regulation (EC) No 333/2007 and available scientific evidence on variables affecting uneven distribution of mercury across tuna carcasses. This case-study aims to provide an initial contribution in order to ensure an appropriate and representative field sampling protocol of tuna lots that are to be analysed for mercury content.
Monitoring for Airborne Respiratory Viruses in a General Pediatric Ward in Singapore
Authors: Yadana Su , Coleman Kristen Kelli , Nguyen Tham Thi , Hansen-Estruch Christophe , Kalimuddin Shirin , Thoon Koh Cheng , Low Jenny Guek Hong , Gray Gregory Charles
Published: December 2019

There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that transmission of respiratory viruses occurs through the inhalation of virus-laden particles. Our study describes the use of an aerosol sampling system to monitor the prevalence of airborne viruses in a hospital setting. Using SKC AirCheck Touch pumps, with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) bioaerosol samplers and SKC filter cassette blanks, 28 aerosol samples were collected in a hospital ward in Singapore. Following DNA/RNA extraction, real-time RT-PCR/PCR was used for the detection of influenza A, B and D viruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses. Airborne virus was detected in nine (32%) of 28 samples. Among the nine positive samples, eight were PCR-positive for adenovirus and one for influenza A virus. Our data suggest that bioaerosol sampling could be valuable in monitoring for airborne respiratory viruses in clinical environments to better understand the risk of infection during a hospital visit.
Knee surgery: Trends and the 50 most cited articles
Authors: Zargaran David , Zargaran Alexander , Lobo Sean , Shah Zameer
Published: December 2019

Knee Surgery is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures, and a rapidly evolving area of research. A bibliographic analysis was conducted to explore the characteristics of the top 50 most cited articles in knee surgery. The Web of Science Core Collection Database was used to search for Knee AND Surgery, further refined for orthopedic surgery, yielding 1,660 articles. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the top 50 cited articles were statistically and thematically analyzed. Year of publication ranged from 1982 to 2014. The highest volume of research came from USA, with the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery having the highest number of papers in the top 50. The most common theme of research was Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes. Our study elucidates trends and popular areas of research in the field of knee surgery, and provides researchers with an overview of areas to focus, where there is scope for high-impact original research.
Orthopedic Master’s in Business Administration: A career path analysis
Authors: Mody Kush S. , Acharya Pankti P. , Brougham Kyle , Parekh Selene G.
Published: December 2019

In recent years, it has become increasingly important for physicians to understand the healthcare system holistically. Thus, some physicians have sought formal education in business through a Master’s in Business Administration (MBA). In this study, we looked specifically at orthopedic MD-MBAs and their career trajectories. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 127 orthopedic surgeons who have both MD and MBA degrees. Through online searches and phone calls, we compiled information regarding years in practice, fellowship training, practice type, non-clinical roles, and business school education. Almost all (96.85%) orthopedic MD-MBAs identified are still practicing clinically. The most common nonclinical roles are administration (38.58%), industry consulting (20.47%), and entrepreneurship (11.02%). Most (65.35%) pursued MBAs after medical school, but dual-degree programs are increasing in popularity. Almost all (88.57%) graduates of such programs have been practicing for less than 15 years. Orthopedic surgeons participate in a variety of nonclinical roles including administration, consulting, and entrepreneurship. For those currently in training, it is important to recognize the many opportunities that exist and the potential paths to pursuing them.
Regulating computational propaganda: lessons from international law
Authors: Leiser M R
Published: December 2019

A historical analysis of the regulation of propaganda and obligations on States to prevent its dissemination reveals competing origins of the protection (and suppression) of free expression in international law. The conflict between the ‘marketplace of ideas’ approach favoured by Western democracies and the Soviet Union's proposed direct control of media outlets have indirectly contributed to both the fake-news crisis and engineered polarisation via computational propaganda. From the troubled League of Nations to the Friendly Relations Declaration of 1970, several international agreements and resolutions limit State use of propaganda to interfere with ‘malicious intent’ in the affairs of another. Yet State and non-State actors continually use a variety of methods to disseminate deceptive content sowing civil discord and damaging democracies in the process. In Europe, much of the discourse about the regulation of ‘fake news’ has revolved around the role of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and the role of platforms in preventing ‘online manipulation’. There is also a common perception that human rights frameworks limit States' ability to constrain political speech; however, using the principle of subsidiarity as a mapping tool, a regulatory anomaly is revealed. There is a significant lack of regulatory oversight of actors responsible for, and the flow of, computational propaganda that is disseminated as deceptive political advertising. The article examines whether there is a right to disseminate propaganda within our free expression rights and focuses on the harms associated with the engineered polarisation that is often the objective of a computational propaganda campaign. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of maintaining this status quo and some suggestions for plugging the regulatory holes identified.
Sanctions on digital platforms: beyond the public-private divide
Authors: Marique Enguerrand , Marique Yseult
Published: December 2019

Against a background of extensive literature examining how digital platforms are regulated through ‘soft’ mechanisms, this paper analyses the ‘hard law’ techniques, such as sanctions, which are also very much used on digital platforms to police undesirable behaviours. It illustrates the use of these sanctions, suggesting that it is possible to find three different categories of sanctions: sanctions that find their source in hard (international and domestic) law, sanctions that find their source in digital platforms' own normative production, and sanctions used in the course of disputes. Platform operators can have an intense power of norm-setting and sanctions, with a tendency to concentrate power within themselves or with unclear arrangements for dividing it across different entities. This can deeply affect individual freedoms. This paper suggests that the ways in which the power to set, decide and enforce sanctions is exercised in the digital space transform the public–private divide: the allocation of roles between sovereign public bodies and free private actors is reshaped to become ‘hybrid’ when it comes to enforcing rules and monitoring compliance through a wide range of sanctions on digital platforms. This paper frames the legitimacy questions arising from sanctions and suggests that the public–private divide may have to be bridged in order to locate a possible source of legitimacy. A future framework for assessing how platform operators set norms and ensure compliance through sanctions needs to start from individual users to see how best to protect their freedom when checks and balances around platforms' powers and sanctions are developed. These individual users are the ones who suffer from the economic, social and reputational consequences of sanctions in both the digital world and the physical world.
Reporting Standards in Scientific Publishing: Need, Relevance and Future Perspectives
Authors: Misra Durga Prasanna , Ravindran Vinod
Published: December 2019

Financial and Competing Interests: DPM is an Associate Editor of the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh ( JRCPE) and serves as Editor/Editorial Board Member/ Reviewer for several other international journals. VR is the Editor-in-Chief of the JRCPE and serves as Editor/Editorial Board Member/Reviewer for several other international journals. This paper has undergone peer review in accordance with JRCPE's policies.
Forme Fruste Anti-Gq1B-Negative Miller Fischer Syndrome Masquerading as Posterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Sim Benjamin Ng Han , Joseph Joyce Pauline
Published: December 2019

Miller Fischer syndrome (MFS) is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome first described in 1956 and is characterised by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. However, since its discovery, forme fruste and overlapping syndrome have been described. A forme fruste of MFS implies an attenuated form where not all of the clinical triad are present. In this report, a case of MFS is highlighted that was mistakenly treated as posterior circulation stroke, as well as the challenges faced in reaching the correct diagnosis and hence the appropriate treatment.