bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Race and Distant Reading
Authors: So Richard Jean , Roland Edwin
Published: March 2020

This essay brings together two methods of cultural‐literary analysis that have yet to be fully integrated: distant reading and the critique of race and racial difference. It constructs a reflexive and critical version of distant reading—one attuned to the arguments and methods of critical race studies—while still providing data‐driven insights useful to the writing of literary history and criticism, especially to the history and criticism of postwar African American fiction, in particular James Baldwin'sGiovanni's Room. Because race is socially constructed, it poses unique challenges for a computational analysis of race and writing. Any version of distant reading that addresses race will require a dialectical approach. (RJS and ER)
White Hop Shoot Production in Slovenia
Authors: Vidmar Mateja , Abram Veronika , Čeh Barbara , Demšar Lea , Poklar-Ulrih Nataša
Published: March 2020

Harvesting of white hop shoots might be justified if they can be shown to be beneficial to human health. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of hop cultivars and year of production on total phenolics, antioxidant potential, microelements and pesticide residues. Biomass per plant was highly variable among the cultivars (3.1-7.1 g dry mass per plant) and depended on hop cultivar and year (2009-2011). Total phenolics as chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE) on dry mass basis varied from 0.60 to 1.80 mg/g, and showed significant effects across hop cultivar and year. The radical scavenging activities of the samples collected in years 2010-2012 ranged from 11 to 19 μg CAE. Ferric reducing activity was <0.01, with significantly different effects across hop cultivars (pC≤0.05) and year (py≤0.05) observed only in 2012. Traces of microelements and potentially active compounds from the use of pesticides in white hop shoots of Humulus lupulus ‘Dana’ were analysed. The content of zinc in the hop shoots on dry mass basis was very low (4 mg/kg), and it was below the limit of detection in the soil. The content of copper in the hop shoots was also very low (2.3 mg/kg), while in the soil it was below the critical emission (100 vs 300 mg/kg, respectively). All 182 active ingredients from the residues of the previously used pesticides were below the limits of detection. It can be concluded that these white hop shoots are better antioxidants than hop cones and hop leaves, and that they do not contain any pesticide residues.
QTL-Seq identifies QTLs and SNP marks development protocol for tolerant trait analysis using bulked-segregant method. v1
Authors: Song Hui
Published: March 2020

QTL-Seq identifies QTLs and SNP marks development protocol for tolerant trait analysis using bulked-segregant method.
STRIPE-seq library construction v2
Authors: Policastro Robert , Zentner Gabe
Published: March 2020

Accurate mapping of transcription start sites (TSSs) is key for understanding transcriptional regulation; however, current protocols for genome-wide TSS profiling are laborious and expensive. We present Survey of TRanscription Initiation at Promoter Elements with high-throughput sequencing (STRIPE-seq), a simple, rapid, and cost-effective protocol for sequencing capped RNA 5’ ends from as little as 50 ng total RNA. Including depletion of uncapped RNA and bead cleanups, a STRIPE-seq library can be constructed in approximately 4 hours.
Exponential Stability Regions Estimation of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Grigoriev V. V. , Bystrov S. V. , Mansurova O. K. , Pershin I. M. , Bushuev A. B. , Petrov V. A.
Published: March 2020

The main purpose of the research is the extending of the concept of qualitative exponential stability and instability for a wider class of dynamical systems and plants with estimating of regions of exponential stability as well as developing of analytic and calculating technologies for analyzing the quality of processes and projecting of control devices for control systems. And if the property of asymptotic stability indicates the convergence or divergence of the processes in time, the exponential stability provides information about the speed of convergence or divergence processes, thereby characterizing the rapidness of the system. Meeting the conditions of quality exponential stability evaluates the average rate of convergence or divergence of processes, as well as ongoing processes of deviations of the time-average behavior, the last gives information about the behavior of transients (oscillation, overshoot). Development of analytical and computational techniques for the analysis of stability and instability of comparison systems and, as a result of mul tiply-connected systems, as well as the processes quality is almost an essential task for the study multi-agent control algorithms and biologically inspired control algorithms in nonlinear systems, because the same systems should be related to each other and has a predetermined degree of exponential stability for the required control. Proposed results can be using in the developing flying and terrestrial robots based on biological control algorithm of living organism such as insects or bees.
The Method of the Computer Vision System Coordinate Transformation for an Industrial Robot for a Laser Welding Operation
Authors: Polivanov A. Y. , Ivanov Y. V. , Kholin D. V.
Published: March 2020

In this article, the authors consider the problem of coordinate transformation in computer vision systems (CVS) of robotic system (RS) for laser welding. Laser welding is a highly efficient technological operation in many respects superior to common types of welding due to the high concentration of energy at the welding point. However, laser welding has a number of requirements, including a high requirement for the accuracy of positioning the laser head relative to the welding joint. Adaptive control systems based on CVS allow to provide the required accuracy. The main task of CVS is to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using a video sensor, convert the received coordinates into a coordinate system in which the RS is controlled, and the converted coordinates are transferred to the control system. Note, the accuracy and determination of coordinates are important factors. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to consider the coordinate transformation as a set of actions performed taking into account the specifics of using CVS as part of an RS for laser welding. For this purpose, the article analyzes typical schemes for placing CVS on industrial robots and proposes the most suitable configuration for laser welding. A methodology was also developed for measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the welding joint using the triangulation method. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the main existing methods for calibrating CVS video sensors and proposed an original method for calibrating videosensors taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the RS for laser welding. As a result, the article presents the rationale for the need to consider coordinate conversion to CVS as part of an RS for laser welding, as well as a set of methods that allows to perform conversions from a virtual coordinate system of a video sensor to a coordinate system of a robot, which allows direct control based on CVS data. In conclusion, the authors give a method for calibrating a video sensor, which allows achieving the requirements specified in the article for the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the welding joint.
The Trump Paradox: How Cues from a Disliked Source Foster Resistance to Persuasion
Authors: Nai Alessandro
Published: March 2020

We usually reject information from sources we dislike. But what if those same sources explicitly disagree with that information? Are we more likely to be persuaded by information that is opposed by someone we dislike? We present results from an experimental study with a convenience sample of 199 Dutch students. Respondents were exposed to counter-attitudinal information on climate change in an attempt to generate persuasion, and in a second time exposed to a tweet from the current US president, Donald J. Trump, as a positive or negative endorsement of the counter-attitudinal. Results show that positive endorsements reduce the persuasive power of counter-attitudinal information, whereas negative endorsements (marginally) increase its persuasive power. These results have important implications in today’s politics, where “disliked” figures—most of the time referred to as “populists”—play an increasingly central role in framing the terms of the debate on the most salient issues.
Tweeting Power: The Communication of Leadership Roles on Prime Ministers’ Twitter
Authors: Ie Kenny William
Published: March 2020

This article examines the communication of leadership roles by prime ministers Justin Trudeau and Theresa May on Twitter. I argue that tweets from prime ministers implicitly communicate information about how prime ministers lead and what their job entails: what I call role performance and function. I develop an inductive typology of these leadership dimensions and apply this framework to Trudeau and May’s tweets in 2018 and 2019. I find first that Trudeau is a much more active Twitter user than Theresa May was as prime minister, attesting to different leadership styles. Second, both use Twitter primarily for publicity and to support and associate with individuals and groups. Trudeau is much more likely to use Twitter to portray himself as a non-political figure, while May is more likely to emphasize the role of policy ‘decider.’ Both prime ministers are framed much more often as national legislative leaders rather than party leaders or executives. Finally, May’s tweets reflect her position as an international leader much more than Trudeau’s. Assessing how prime ministers’ tweets reflect these dimensions contributes to our understanding of evolving leader–follower dynamics in the age of social media. While Twitter has been cited as conducive to populist leaders and rhetoric, this study shows how two non-populist leaders have adopted this medium, particularly in Trudeau’s case, to construct a personalized leader–follower relationship.
Charting Putin’s Shifting Populism in the Russian Media from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Burrett Tina
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the changing themes of Vladimir Putin’s populist messaging during his almost 20 years at the apex of Russian politics. To reveal shifts in Putin’s populist rhetoric, the article examines Russian media framing of his four presidential-election campaigns and of Russia’s relations with China and the United States (U.S.). Public opinion data is used to assess the impact of Putin’s populist propaganda. The article begins by assessing to what degree Putin can be considered a populist politician, concluding that while his rhetoric is populist his rule is largely not. The article further finds that Putin has maintained his populist appeal by turning his ire from domestic economic elites to international political enemies, specifically by positioning himself as the main challenger to U.S. hegemony in the global system. Putin’s control of the Russian media, co-opting of opposition populist causes and geopolitical victories in Syria and Crimea have helped him maintain his populist connection with Russian voters. But, the article concludes, growing access to anti-Kremlin online media, the pain of economic sanctions, botched social welfare reforms, and the presence of effective opposition movements are causing Putin’s populism to lose its lustre.
ANALYSIS OF THE EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF USERS OF SITES BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Nikitin Danila , Lobarev Dmitry
Published: March 2020

Create a neural network capable of predicting the emotional coloring of a comment.
OBJECTS DURABILITY UNDER PRESSURE DEPENDING ON BUILD STRUCTURE
Authors: Skabs Elmārs Aloizs , Lipskis Arturs , Rēvalds Ritvars , Poplavskis Elvijs , Kļaviņš Dainis
Published: March 2020

Pētījumā, izmantojot 3d printeri, tika printētas vienāda izmēra sagataves ( 30mm x 30mm x 12mm), taču ar dažādām uzbūves struktūras pildījumiem (zvaigzne, trīsstūtis, taisnstūris, sešstūris u.c) Tad sagataves tika ievietotas spiedes mašīnā, lai pārbaudītu to mehānisko izturību. Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot, kurš no struktūras uzbūves veidiem ir visizturīgākais zem spiedes mehāniskas ietekmes uz sagatavi.Tika izmantotas šādas uzbūves struktūras – Zvaigzne, trīsstūris, taisnstūris, režģis, kubs, koncentriski apļi, sešstūris un astoņstūris. Pētījuma tika noskaidrots maksimālais spēka daudzums ņūtonos, kuru sagatave spēja izturēt. Kategorijā ar 20% aizpildījumu visizturīgākā bija sagatave ar zvaigznes struktūras uzbūvi. No trim mēģinājumiem vislielākais sasniedzamais spēks bija 11300N. Vidējais maksimālais spēks sasniedza 11066 N lielu spēku. Otra izturīgākā bija sagatave ar režģa struktūras uzbūvi. No trim mēģinājumiem vislielākais sasniedzamais spēks bija 10200N liels spēks. Vidējais maksimālais spēks sasniedza 9486N. Trešā izturīgākā sagatave bija ar sešstūra struktūras uzbūvi. No trim mēģinājumiem vislielākais sasniedamais spēks bija 8910N liels spēks. Vidējais maksimālais spēks no trim mēģinājumiem sasniedza 8736N lielu spēku.
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM DESCRIPTION AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Škapars Arturs , Laduševs Aigars , Teilāns Artis
Published: March 2020

This article is about graphical user interface development problem description and possible solution summary. The goal of this work is to delve into specifics of common graphical user interface development problems and controversies, and list possible solutions that can be used to overcome.
MICROSTRUCTURING IN PLATINUM AND STAINLESS STEEL MATERIAL USING PICOSECOND Nd:YAG LASER
Authors: Adijāns Imants , Kažmere Ieva , Horn Alexander
Published: March 2020

The number of products manufactured in micro- and nano-size is increasing every year. In electronics, medicine, biology and other industries, because of the rapid development of technologies, is possible to produce new or already used products in very small sizes, maintaining or even improving the efficiency of the product or giving an opportunity to use them for new purposes. Currently available pico- and femtosecond lasers ensure the production of such products in very small sizes. In this study, the treatment of platinum and stainless steel using a picosecond Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064nm, was considered. The obtained results for the laser ablation process of these materials will be useful for further research in the field of laser microprocessing.
Delivering the National Trust's preservation purpose: mission, strategy and structure
Authors: Lithgow K
Published: March 2020

Whilst reporting on numerical-based activities such as income versus expenditure is relatively straightforward for organisations seeking to understand their progress in meeting their objectives, it is more difficult to present nonnumerical-based activities such as conservation and preservation
in similar terms. However, without numerical key performance indicators (KPIs) conservation activities risk becoming invisible in organisational reporting, compared to activities that are easier to measure, such as, in heritage organisations that open their assets to the public, visitor numbers
and income. The National Trust for England, Wales and Northern Ireland has devised a numerical measure to describe relative performance in reaching defined conservation standards, benchmarked against external standards such as the Canadian Conservation Institute's 'Agents of Deterioration'
framework and the UK's Museum Accreditation Scheme. This paper describes the development and practice of this measure, the Conservation Performance Indicator (CPI), with particular reference to cultural heritage features, such as historic interiors, collections, buildings and archaeology,
and in the context of the evolution of a devolved structure.
New methods for art object conservation and restoration – practical experience in the field: the experience of The True Image Solution Ltd
Authors: Twydle J
Published: March 2020

Previously, scientific examination of works of art was almost exclusively carried out in a specialist laboratory, major gallery or institution. Moving the artwork nearly always involved associated risks and transportation and insurance costs. Founded in 2009, The True Image Solution
(TIS) had a vision to bring non-destructive technology to the artwork and to extend the possible range of evaluation by applying other imaging techniques, including ultrasound, flash thermography, X-ray spectroscopy and microwave imaging. In conjunction with English Heritage, these techniques
were applied to a wide variety of objects. The results demonstrated that all of these techniques could be successfully carried out in situ and the risk of transportation damage, as well as associated transport and insurance costs, could be eliminated.
Constitutional Voice for Good Governance in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Ashraful , Hasina Nusrat
Published: March 2020

Good governance is a real drive behind a country’s development. It protects the human rights, ensures the justice, maintains law an order and provides equal opportunities to the masses. It provides the fruits of progress and development to all and sundry. Participation, transparency and rule of law, are some essentials of good governance. It is a vital aspect at all levels of society and state. It makes the system of the state effective and efficient. Good governance is not well rooted in Bangladesh due to some challenges. Civil society is trying to focus the concept for smooth development and stability of a country. Because, people of the country enjoy equal rights where there is good governance. Minorities live freely and exercise their religion. Therefore, a welfare state can only exist if there is good governance.

JEL Classification Code: K1
The Problems of Managing Tourism Business in Bangladesh: Causes and Remedial Measures
Authors: Tuli Ferdouse Ara
Published: March 2020

Tourism Business is one of the fastest growing businesses in Bangladesh. It creates ample job opportunities for the unemployed people in Bangladesh. This business has been contributing remarkable to boost-up the economic development in Bangladesh. But the tourism business in Bangladesh has been suffering from the problems of effective management. Thus, this article aims to explore the causes of management problems facing the tourism business in Bangladesh. This article also attempts to provide the remedial measures to overcoming the existing management problems facing the tourism business in Bangladesh.

JEL Classification Code: M 10; M 12; M 14
Should a laparoscopic repair be the first choice in incarcerated inguinal hernia
Authors: Akay Tamer , Akici Murat
Published: March 2020

Background: An important part of the procedures for admission to emergency surgery is incarcerated inguinal hernia repair. Minimally invasive surgical procedures have led surgeons to perform these operations laparoscopically. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in patients admitted to the emergency department with incarcerated inguinal hernia.Methods: The files of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for incarcerated inguinal hernia between January 2015 and June 2019 in Bandirma State Hospital General Surgery Clinic was retrospectively reviewed. Pearson Chi-Square test was used as statistical method. Version 18 of the SPSS program was used. P<0.05 was considered significant as it should be.Results: A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 52.8 years. A total of 64 repairs were performed on the right side in 41 (65%) cases, on the left side in 21 (33.3%) cases and on both sides in one (1.58%) case. Four (6.25%) of 63 patients had strangulation. Three of these patients (4.68%) had strangulated hernia, and one (1.56%) had strangulated and incarcerated hernia. Four patients (6.25%) presented with ileus. The mean operation time was 65 minutes (35-110 minutes). Mean duration of hospitalization was 2.4 days. The rate of minor complications was 4.68%. Only one (1.56%) major complication was iatrogenic small intestinal perforation. The mean follow-up time was 25.2 months. There was no early recurrence in patients.Conclusions: We suggest that laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair can be performed safely in emergency procedures in patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia.
Functional outcome evaluation of distal humerus fracture fixation
Authors: Sunil Boddu , Avulapati Sandeep Krishna , Choudhary Suraj Kumar , Koneru Susmitha
Published: March 2020

Background: Distal humerus fracture are complex, difficult to reduce and fix, cumbersome post-operative mobilization, and yet functional outcome is doubtful. Though various treatment modalities available for past many decades ranging from conservative management, K wire fixation to plate and screws, but still treatment remains difficult. The objective of the study was to assess functional outcome of operative fixation of distal humerus with locking plate and screws.

Methods: Prospective study was done in during November 2015 to June 2016 in Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru. Patients with distal humerus fractures who were admitted into hospital for operative treatment after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included into study. They were followed up to 6 months post-operatively. Functional outcome evaluation was done with Mayo’s elbow performance score.

Results: 30 patients were included into study with full data. We had excellent, good, fair and poor outcome in 17, 8, 3, 2 patients respectively. Except for infection in one, elbow stiffness in two and non-union in two patients, we had no other complications.

Conclusions: Management of distal humerus fractures with preoperative evaluation, pre-operative planning, use of locking plate and screws, early mobilization can result in good functional outcome.
Um Modelo de Gamificação para Redes Sociais Educacionais
Authors: Arnold Rafael , Ricardo dos Santos Paulo , Nice Ferrari Barbosa Débora
Published: March 2020

O uso de redes sociais associados a estratégias de gamificação podem auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem. Este estudo parte da hipótese de que uma rede social educacional gamificada potencializa o engajamento e a motivação dos sujeitos em práticas pedagógicas que envolvem a rede. Este artigo propõe um modelo de gamificação aplicada a redes sociais educacionais, com o intuito de potencializar a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos em práticas pedagógicas envolvendo os recursos da rede. O estudo faz uso do método Design Science Research (DSR), para construção do artefato proposto. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo, em que foram avaliadas as técnicas de gamificação propostas pelo modelo (artefato), tendo como estudo de caso sua aplicação na Rede Social Educacional Teia. Com base em dois experimentos realizados junto a um curso de graduação e a alunos de ensino médio participantes de um projeto junto a universidade, os resultados da análise da pesquisa evidenciaram que a rede Teia gamificada favoreceu a motivação e o engajamento dos alunos, melhorando a experiência destes durante as atividades realizadas.
Palavras-chave: Gamificação. Redes sociais educacionais. Jogos digitais.
Principios constitucionales del derecho laboral administrativo en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Sandoval Quintero Hernán , Delacruz Giraldo Gustavo Nixon
Published: March 2020

A partir del presente análisis se busca ofrecer una explicación clara y comprensible de los principios constitucionales del derecho laboral administrativo. Para ello, es relevante identificar cada principio, tanto doctrinal como jurisprudencial, pues correlacionados permiten el establecimiento de categorías verdaderamente diferenciadoras a la hora de ubicarlos dentro del derecho del trabajo, entendido como obligación social. La mayoría de tratadistas se han limitado a considerar este derecho a partir de los principios del derecho administrativo laboral, bajo una articulación con el área del derecho público y no como una parte del derecho del trabajo. Dicha concepción es administrativista y desconoce el ámbito laboral que circunda el marco de la coordinación económica y el equilibrio social, y que posibilita entender que, actualmente, el Estado es el mayor empleador, cuyo deber es ser garante de los derechos consagrados en el Estatuto Superior como Estado social y democrático de derecho.
El soft law como fuente del derecho administrativo colombiano
Authors: Bustos Romero Michel Federico
Published: March 2020

El sistema de fuentes del derecho administrativo ha sido influenciado por normas o disposiciones normativas que carecen de fuerza vinculante y que escapan a la comprensión y jerarquía tradicional del derecho. Esto es una realidad en lo que concierne al derecho administrativo contemporáneo y a la tecnificación de los tiempos de la globalización y la industrialización. El presente texto busca adentrarse en las características de esas fuentes normativas, conocidas como soft law o normas de derecho blando, y esclarecer la tipología de aquellas en el derecho administrativo colombiano. Esto con el fin de señalar su importancia y la forma de aplicación en nuestro país y en el derecho comparado.
Los fundamentos del sistema de derechos y libertades en la Constitución de 1991
Authors: Torres Avila Jheison
Published: March 2020

Los derechos aparecen como columna vertebral del concepto de control del poder y de la elaboración de una teoría específica de la legitimidad estatal: el modelo liberal. En el caso colombiano, la elaboración del constitucionalismo social de 1991 trajo consigo una forma diferente de modelo estatal. Este artículo tiene por objeto examinar las características de este modelo de derechos, su configuración y definición constitucional. Para ello, se abordará, en la primera parte, el papel de la fórmula política y, con ella, de los valores del sistema constitucional de 1991. En segundo lugar, se explorará el problema de los derechos fundamentales, que establece no solo un discurso de fundamentación del sistema político-jurídico, sino que también permite el ejercicio mismo de los derechos. Por último, se definirán los derechos dentro del modelo constitucional, desde la perspectiva de la teoría jurídica contemporánea.
La acción directa y el derecho de defensa del asegurado
Authors: Ariza Sánchez Diana
Published: March 2020

No hay duda que dentro de la normativa colombiana, la consagración de la acción directa en contra de las aseguradoras constituye un mecanismo práctico y garantista, que les facilita a las víctimas de eventos constitutivos de responsabilidad civil un acceso menos tortuoso a  la realización del derecho a la reparación integral. No obstante, el ejercicio de dicha acción acarrea una serie de problemáticas procesales y sustanciales de cara al asegurado (civilmente responsable), cuya resolución dista de ser pacífica. Particularmente, dichas dificultades se sintetizan en la necesidad o no de integrar en el contradictorio al asegurado, como quiera que su responsabilidad civil será un punto insoslayable de controversia en el litigio entablado en contra de la aseguradora. El presente artículo pretende explorar el marco jurídico que permite comprender correctamente la anotada dificultad, así como proponer una respuesta al mismo, desde la perspectiva del derecho colombiano.
EMBRYONAL AND POSTNATAL HISTOGENESIS OF TEETH IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kamilov Kh. P , Taylakova D. I , Nikolskaya Irina A.
Published: March 2020

Experimentally have been revealed that environmental contamination by pesticides, dioxides of sulphur and nitrogen disorders the processes of tissue differentiation of teeth and ossifications of jaw bones in embryos. The results of this are tardy teething and anomalous development of the teeth and jaw bones in postembryonic periods. Goal of the work was to identify the features of embryonic development of rats as a whole, as well as embryonic and postnatal development of their dentoalveolar system under conditions of intrauterine exposure to some chemicals polluting the environment. Material and methods. Pesticides, hexachlorane and fosalone, as well as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are the main components of harmful emissions from oil refineries, have been selected as polluting chemicals. The experiments were performed on non-matured mature white female rats with a body weight of 170-180 g. Results.It is found that prenatal exposure of toxic substances (pesticides, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides) leads to impaired fetal and postnatal development of offspring, which are shown to the maximum extent in combined toxicity of pesticides and dioxides. It was also revealed that combined intrauterine intoxication substantially interferes with the tooth tissue differentiation and jaw bones of the fetus, resulting in the delayed eruption and abnormal development of the teeth in the postnatal period.
PROTOCOL FOR PRESCRIBING ANTICOAGULANTS FOR ATRIAL FLUTTER: ARE ALL ISSUES RESOLVED?
Authors: Zotova Irina V.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of prescribing long-term anticoagulant therapy for patients with atrial flutter. Currently, a unified approach to prescribing anticoagulants for atrial flutter and fibrillation is generally accepted. However, this approach does not have strong evidence. The article provides a comparative analysis of the risk of thromboembolic complications and left atrium thrombosis in atrial flutter and fibrillation, discusses possible mechanisms of these differences. The results of studies confirming and refuting the unified approach to anticoagulant therapy for these arrhythmias are discussed. The author’s clinical protocol for prescribing long-term anticoagulant therapy to patients with atrial flutter is presented. a comparative analysis of current clinical recommendations on this problem is carried out.
La regulación del flujo de datos personales entre la Unión Europea y el Reino Unido tras el Brexit = The regulation of the flow of personal data between the European Union and the United Kingdom after Brexit
Authors: Gascón Marcén Ana
Published: March 2020

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es considerar qué ocurrirá cuando Reino Unido se convierta en un país tercero para la Unión Europea y cómo afectará esto a la libre circulación de datos personales que existía antes de su salida del mercado único digital. Se prestará especial atención al análisis de los mecanismos que permitirían continuar transfiriendo datos desde el Espacio Económico Europeo al Reino Unido y, en particular, la posibilidad de una decisión de adecuación y los problemas que puede encontrar.Palabras clave: protección de datos personales, Brexit, decisión de adecuación, Unión Europea, Reino Unido. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to consider what will happen when the United Kingdom becomes a third State for the European Union and how this will affect the free movement of personal data that existed before its exit from the digital single market. Special attention will be paid to the analysis of the mechanisms that would allow the transfer of data from the European Economic Area to the United Kingdom and, in particular, the possibility of an adequacy decision and the problems it may encounter.Keywords: personal data protection, Brexit, adequacy decision, European Union, United Kingdom
G.A. Martín Martín, Competencia, enriquecimiento y daños, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2019, 392 p. ISBN: 978-84-1313-818-3.
Authors: Herrero Suárez Carmen
Published: March 2020

Ese artículo reseña: G.A. Martín Martín, Competencia, enriquecimiento y daños, Valencia, Tirant lo Blanch, 2019, 392 p. ISBN: 978-84-1313-818-3.
Optimization and Characterization of Highly Stable Nanoemulsion for Effective Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Removal
Authors: Meng Renzhou , Wang Chengwen , Shen Zhonghou
Published: March 2020

In this study, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion for the effective removal of an oil-based drilling fluid has been developed by means of the phase-inversion concentration method. The influence of four factors on the droplet size and removal efficiency were tested, including the mass ratio of mixed surfactants (Rm), the surfactant/oil ratio (SOR), the mass concentration of cosurfactant (cco), and the salinity of the saline solution (cs). Considering the application environment of displacement spacers, the long-term stability and temperature resistance were investigated. The results showed that Rm and SOR had an obvious influence on the removal efficiency and droplet size of nanoemulsions. Because of the synergy effect of the surfactants, the nanoemulsion possesses remarkable storage stability and temperature resistance. Moreover, the removal mechanisms of the nanoemulsion were analyzed by the dynamic interfacial tension (IFT), dynamic wetting angle, and solubilization tests. The results indicated that the nanoemulsion could spread rapidly and thoroughly on the oil-wetting surfaces, and the nanoemulsion can contain more oil while the system is still stable, which is beneficial for the removal of an oil-based drilling fluid.
Leakage Prevention and Real-Time Internal Detection in Pipelines Using a Built-In Wireless Information and Communication Network
Authors: Cintra Renato J. , de Oliveira Thiago , Mintchev Martin P.
Published: March 2020

A series of recent pipeline leakage incidents created severe societal concerns to a point of impeding, or even completely preventing, building new pipelines in North America. Various systems have been proposed to identify and locate leakages. However, despite the fact that pipelines remain the safest means of oil and gas transportation, incidents still persist and pipeline acceptance from the public has become compromised. In order to address the need for early leakage detection, while providing comprehensive leakage prevention, a novel pipeline system is proposed. This concept builds on the already existing pipe-in-pipe design by segmenting the pipeline system with segmentation rings and embedding a linear wireless network in the annular airgap between the two pipe layers. Presence of fluid in the case of a leakage into the interpipe space causes degradation of the wireless network to a point of interrupting the communication in a particular pipeline segment well before any external leak occurs. Thus, the internal leak is detected in real time by an external central unit connected to the linear wireless network, as demonstrated with a 6 ft 8 in. experimental pipeline setup.
Preoperative anemia and total hospitalization time are the independent factors of preoperative deep venous thromboembolism in Chinese elderly undergoing hip surgery
Authors: Feng Long , Xu Longhe , Yuan Weixiu , Xu Zhipeng , Feng ZeGuo , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2020

Background This study was designed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of preoperative deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) in Chinese elderly with hip fracture. Methods From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018, 273 elderly patients over 70 years old with elective hip surgery were collected from the electronic medical records. Collected data included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, ASA classification, types of previous operations, types of anesthesia, operation time, fracture to operation time, preoperative hemoglobin level, anemia, blood-gas analysis, whether transfusion, preoperative hospitalization, postoperative hospitalization, cardiac function, electrocardiograph, lower limb venous ultrasonography and hospitalization time. Results In these 273 patients, 15(5.6%) had ultrasonography evidence of DVT in affected limbs before surgery. Three of all patients received an temporary inferior vena cave filter placement preoperatively. Fracture to surgery time, preoperative hemoglobin level, anemia, preoperative hospitalization, pulmonary disease and total hospitalization time were statistically different between DVT group and non-DVT group (P<0.05 for all). Moreover, preoperative anemia (OR: 0.144, 95%CI: 0.026-0.799, P=0.027) and total hospitalization time (OR: 1.135; 95%CI: 1.023-1.259, P=0.017) were the two independent risk factors for preoperative DVT. Conclusion Preoperative anemia and total hospitalization time were independent risk factors for venous DVT in Chinese elderly with hip fracture.
Integration of sRNA, degradome, transcriptome analysis and functional investigation reveals gma-miR398c negatively regulates drought tolerance via GmCSDs and GmCCS in transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean
Authors: Zhou Yonggang , Liu Weican , Li Xiaowei , Sun Daqian , Xu Keheng , Feng Chen , Foka Idrice Carther Kue , Toi Ketehouli , Gao Hongtao , Wang Nan , Dong Yuanyuan , Wang Fawei , Li Haiyan
Published: March 2020

Background: Drought conditions adversely affect soybean growth, resulting in severe yield losses worldwide. Increasing experimental evidence indicates miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. However, the drought-responsive molecular mechanism underlying miRNA–mRNA interactions remains largely uncharacterized in soybean. Meanwhile, the miRNA-regulated drought response pathways based on multi-omics approaches remain elusive. Results: We combined sRNA, transcriptome and degradome sequencing to elucidate the complex regulatory mechanism mediating soybean drought resistance. One-thousand transcripts from 384 target genes of 365 miRNAs, which were enriched in the peroxisome, were validated by degradome-seq. An integrated analysis showed 42 miRNA–target pairs exhibited inversely related expression profiles. Among these pairs, a strong induction of gma-miR398c as a hub gene negatively regulates multiple peroxisome-related genes ( GmCSD 1a/b, GmCSD 2a/b/c and GmCCS ). Meanwhile, we detected that alternative splicing of GmCSD1a/b might affect soybean drought tolerance by bypassing gma-miR398c regulation. Overexpressing gma-miR398c in Arabidopsis thaliana L. resulted in decreased percentage germination, increased leaf water loss, and reduced survival under water deficiency, which displayed sensitivity to drought during seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, overexpressing gma-miR398c in soybean decreased GmCSD 1a/b, GmCSD 2a/b/c and GmCCS expression, which weakened the ability to scavenge O 2 .− , resulting in increased relative electrolyte leakage and stomatal opening compared with knockout miR398c and wild-type soybean under drought conditions. Conclusion: The study indicates that gma-miR398c negatively regulates soybean drought tolerance, and provides novel insights useful for breeding programs to improve drought resistance by CRISPR technology. Keywords: miRNA, degradome, transcriptome, gma-miR398c, drought, soybean
Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis on Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Noh Jihyun , Kim Chae Young , Jung Euiseok , Lee Joo Hoon , Park Young-Seo , Lee Byong Sop , Kim Ellen Ai-Rhan , Kim Ki-Soo
Published: March 2020

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used occasionally in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ELBW infants with AKI treated with PD.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of ELBW infants with AKI, who underwent PD from January 2008 to February 2018, were reviewed. A PD catheter (7.5–9.0 Fr) or central venous catheter (4 Fr) was used for the peritoneal access. Treatment with PD solutions (2.5 or 4.25%) was started at 10 mL/kg, which was increased to 20–30 mL/kg for 60–120 min/cycle continuing for 24 hours.Results: Twelve ELBW infants (seven male and five female infants) were treated, and their mean gestational age and birth weight were 27.2 (±3.3) weeks and 706.5 (±220.5) g, respectively. There were two patients who had severe perinatal asphyxia (5-min Apgar score ≤3). The most important indication for starting PD was AKI due to sepsis. The average duration of PD was 9.4 (±7.7) days. The potassium levels in the ELBW infants with hyperkalemia decreased from 6.8 to 5.0 mg/mL after 9.3 (±4.4) days. The most common complication of PD was mechanical dysfunction of the catheters, such as dialysate leakage (75%). Two patients were successful weaned off PD. The mortality rate of the infants treated with PD was 91.7%.Conclusions: The mortality rate of ELBW infants with AKI treated with PD is quite high because their organ system is not completely developed. Therefore, the use of PD should be carefully considered for the treatment of ELBW infants with AKI.
The role of human papillomavirus genotyping for detecting high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer in HPV-positive women with normal cytology: A study from a hospital in northeastern China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Deyu , Yang Zhuo , Wang Xiaobin , Wang Danbo
Published: March 2020

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for detecting cervical cancer and its precursors. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes and evaluate the role of HPV genotyping triage for detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, adenocarcinoma in situ and cervical cancer (HSIL+) in HPV-positive women with normal cytology.
Methods: A retrospective study was performed in women who had undergone co-screening at the China Medical University-affiliated Shengjing Hospital between 2012 and 2014.
Results: Of the 34,587 women, 2,665 HPV-positive women with normal cytology who had received colposcopy were eligible for analysis. In HSIL+ groups of 204 women, the common genotypes were HPV16, HPV52, HPV58, HPV33, HPV31 and HPV18. The proportion of histological HSIL+ in women infected with HPV33 or HPV31 was not significantly different compared to women infected with HPV16 ( P = 0.30, P = 0.19, respectively).The odds ratios for histological HSIL+ were 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41–4.40) in women with HPV16/18, 4.21 (95% CI: 2.99–5.93) in those with HPV16/18/31/33, and 5.73 (95% CI: 3.30–9.97) in those with HPV16/18/31/33/52/58. Including HPV31/33 genotyping together with HPV16/18 significantly increased the proportion of HSIL+ detection from 63.2% to 77.5% ( P = 0.002). Moreover, the colposcopy per HSIL+ detection ratio only slightly increased from 7.7 to 8.1 ( P = 0.66).
Conclusion: HPV genotyping played an important role in managing HPV-positive women with normal cytology. Genotyping for HPV31/33 should be added to the previously recommended HPV16/18 genotyping in triaging HPV-positive women in northeastern China.
The role of an encapsulin nanocompartment in resisting silver ion stress
Authors: Xing Chong-Yang , Ma Teng-Fei , Guo Jinsong , Shen Yu , Yan Peng , Fang Fang , Chen You-Peng
Published: March 2020

Background: Compartmentalization can protect cells from the interference of external toxic substances by sequestering toxic products. We hypothesized that proteinaceous nanocompartments may be a feasible candidate material to be added to genetically modified bacteria for the sequestration of toxic environmental products, which would open up a new biological detoxification pathway. Results: Here, we identified a new mechanism by which bacteria resist silver ion stress. We showed that the self-assembling nanocompartments helped a model species ( E. coli ) resist silver ion stress. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) analysis showed that the nanocompartments combined stably with silver ions in vitro . In addition, when exposed to 30 μM AgNO 3 , the survival rate of genetically modified bacteria (with nanocompartments) was 86%, while it was just 59% in the wild-type bacteria (without nanocompartments). Label-free quantitative proteomics indicated that the nanocompartments enhanced bacterial activity by inducing the up-regulation of protein processing and secondary metabolites, and decreased their intracellular silver ion concentration, both of which contributed to their increased resistance to toxic silver ions. Conclusions: This study on nanocompartments has contributed to a deeper understanding of how bacteria respond to environmental stressors like heavy metal pollutants in water, soil, and sediment. The encapsulin nanocompartment has the potential to be applied in various environments.
Comparison of Choriocapillary Flow Density Between Fellow eyes of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Luo Mingyue , Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Nan , Yuan Mingzhen , Yang Jingyuan , Dai Rongping , Chen Youxin
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To compare the choriocapillary flow density (CFD) among the fellow eyes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and healthy controls with spectral-domain optical coherence angiography tomography (SD-OCTA). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including the fellow eyes of 38 patients with unilateral PCV, 36 patients with unilateral nAMD, and 36 eyes from 36 healthy volunteers. PCV group was further classified into polypoidal CNV (P-CNV) and typical PCV (T-PCV) for subgroup analysis. Age, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) classification and fellow eye diagnosis were acquired. All subjects underwent 6.0 mm scan pattern of SD-OCTA. Circles with radius of 1.00, 1.50 and 3.00 mm were manually selected in choriocapillaris (CC) slab, and CFD was calculated as the percentage of flow area to the whole selected area as CFD-1.00, 1.50, 3.00 respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to study correlation between aforementioned factors with CFD, Results: Mean CFD-1.00, 1.50, 3.00 of nAMD group were 61.51, 63.18 and 66.20, significantly lower than PCV group (65.90, 66.89, 67.94, P<0.001 , <0.001, and 0.010, respectively) and control (66.28, 66.96, 68.42, P<0.001 , <0.001, and 0.001, respectively), while no difference were detected between PCV group and control or between PCV subtypes. AREDS classification and fellow eye diagnosis were correlated with CFD in univariate analysis, but only fellow eye diagnosis remained significantly correlated after multiple linear regression. Conclusions: CFD of nAMD fellow eyes were significantly lower than that of PCV and control eyes, while no difference was detected between PCV and control group, indicating different role of CC loss in early pathogenesis of nAMD and PCV.