bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of chickpea yogurt analogue produced with different types of stabilizers
Authors: Mohd Fazla Sofia Nadhirah , Marzlan Anis Asyila , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin , Abd Rahim Muhamad Hafiz , Madzuki Iffah Nadhira , Mohsin Aliah Zannierah
Published: November 2023

There is a growing need for plant-based yogurts analogue that meet consumer demands in terms of texture and sensory qualities. Stabilizers are crucial in plant-based yogurt's physical properties which help develop a thicker and creamier texture, mimicking dairy yogurt. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the effect of pectin, corn starch, and locust bean gum (LBG) at different ratios on the physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of chickpea yogurts analogue (CYA). The concentration of stabilizer significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the proximate compositions, physicochemical and textural properties, and cell viability. CYA with 0.5% pectin showed the highest fat (4.75 ± 0.07) and protein content (2.39 ± 0.07), which were significantly different from other formulations. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in yogurt viscosity with the addition of corn starch and LBG at 1.0%. Firmness and consistency were improved in samples supplemented with 1.0% corn starch. The sensory evaluation indicated that adding LBG at the ratio of 0.5% generated better preference among panelists in terms of the appearance, color, and texture aspects. Meanwhile, commercial CYA showed significantly higher overall acceptability (p < 0.05) than other samples. The stabilizer’s behavior significantly impacts the features of CYA, and which with 0.5% LBG received high consumer acceptance, indicating good potential for CYA to be on the same shelf with other commercial yogurts analogue in the market.
“Just give me pregabalin, doctor”: pregabalin use disorder in two undocumented migrants from North Africa
Authors: Cunha Catarina , Corvacho Mafalda , França Gustavo
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Pregabalin is a widely prescribed medication for various medical conditions, including neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders. Recently, several studies have shown an increase in the recreational use of pregabalin, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the migrant population.

Methods

The authors aim to present two case reports of pregabalin use disorder observed among migrants residing in a temporary detention center for undocumented migrants in Portugal, and to conduct a non-systematic review of the literature on the potential abuse of pregabalin.

Results

A growing body of research suggests an increasing global trend toward the inappropriate use linked with gabapentinoid medications, particularly pregabalin. The occurrence of euphoria, sedation, and dissociation at higher doses appears to be related to its abuse potential. Studies show that pregabalin abuse occurs particularly in patients with substance use disorders and in vulnerable populations such as migrants.

Conclusion

The migrant population appears to be particularly vulnerable to pregabalin abuse. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this emerging problem, especially if they work directly with this population. Prescribing should be done with caution, and when suspected, screening for abuse should be conducted.
Romantic Epics and the Mission of Empire
Authors: Leporati Matthew
Published: November 2023

The British Romantic period saw an unprecedented explosion in epic poems, an understudied literary phenomenon that enabled writers to address unique historical tensions of the era. Long associated with empire, epic revived at a time when Britain was expanding its imperial reach, and when the concept of imperialism itself began to evolve into the notion of a benevolent project of spreading British culture and religion across the globe. Matthew Leporati argues that the epic revival not only reflects but also interrogates this evangelical turn. The first to examine the impact of the missionary work on epic literature, this book offers sustained analysis of both under-read and canonical works, bringing fresh historical and literary contexts to bear on our understanding of this unique revival of epic poetry. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
An Augustinian Christology
Authors: Walker-Lenow Joseph
Published: November 2023

In An Augustinian Christology: Completing Christ, Joseph Walker-Lenow advances a striking christological thesis: Jesus Christ, true God and true human, only becomes who he is through his relations to the world around him. To understand both his person and work, it is necessary to see him as receptive to and determined by the people he meets, the environments he inhabits, even those people who come to worship him. Christ and the redemption he brings cannot be understood apart from these factors, for it is through the existence and agency of the created world that he redeems. To pursue these claims, Walker-Lenow draws on an underappreciated resource in the history of Christian thought: St. Augustine of Hippo's theology of the 'whole Christ.' Presenting Augustine's christology across the full range of his writings, Joseph Walker-Lenow recovers a christocentric Augustine with the potential to transform our understandings of the Church and its mission in our world.
Royal Justice and the Making of the Tudor Commonwealth, 1485–1547
Authors: Flannigan Laura
Published: November 2023

The dawn of the Tudor regime is one of most recognisable periods of English history. Yet the focus on its monarchs' private lives and ministers' constitutional reforms creates the impression that this age's major developments were isolated to halls of power, far removed from the wider populace. This book presents a more holistic vision of politics and society in late medieval and early modern England. Delving into the rich but little-studied archive of the royal Court of Requests, it reconstructs collaborations between sovereigns and subjects on the formulation of an important governmental ideal: justice. Examining the institutional and social dimensions of this point of contact, this study places ordinary people, their knowledge and demands at the heart of a judicial revolution unfolding within the governments of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Yet it also demonstrates that directing extraordinary royal justice into ordinary procedures created as many problems as it solved.
Ein Abenteuer weckt die Lernfreude
Authors: Bachmann Monika
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung: Im Alltag von Pflegefachpersonen sind vernetztes Denken, umsichtiges Beobachten und Teamgeist gefragt. Diese Fähigkeiten eignen sich Studierende des Berner Bildungszentrums Pflege in der neuen Lehrveranstaltung „Adventure Room Health Bells“ an. Für Spannung sorgt nicht etwa der Leistungsdruck, sondern das pure Abenteuer.
The Weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Diminishes Recent Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chi , Liu Wei
Published: November 2023

The Arctic sea ice has been rapidly dwindling over the past four decades, significantly impacting the Arctic region and beyond. During the same period, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) was also found in a declining trend. Here we investigate the role of the AMOC in the recent Arctic sea ice changes by comparing simulations from the Community Climate System Model version 4 with decelerated and stationary AMOCs under anthropogenic climate change. We find that the weakened AMOC can slow down the decline rates of Arctic sea ice area and volume by 36% and 22% between 1980 and 2020, respectively. The decelerated ocean circulation causes a reduction of northward Atlantic heat transport and hence a general interior ocean cooling in the Arctic Mediterranean, which helps alleviate the Arctic sea ice loss primarily through thermodynamic processes occurring at the base of the sea ice.
Charge decay in the spatial afterglow of plasmas and its impact on diffusion regimes
Authors: Abuyazid Nabiel H. , Üner Necip B. , Peyres Sean M. , Mohan Sankaran R.
Published: November 2023

The spatial afterglow is a region at the boundary of a non-equilibrium plasma where charged species relax into ambient equilibrium. In many applications, the spatial afterglow is the part of the plasma that interacts with surfaces, such as suspended particles or a material substrate. However, compared to the bulk plasma, there has been little effort devoted to studying the properties of the spatial afterglow, and a fundamental analysis has not yet been developed. Here, we apply double Langmuir probe measurements and develop an advection-diffusion-recombination model to provide a detailed description of charged species in the spatial afterglow over a wide range of pressures, temperatures, plasma dimensions, and flow rates. We find that the density of charged species in the spatial afterglow decays by orders of magnitude, which leads to a transition from ambipolar to free diffusion. These insights can be used to explain or predict experimental observations of phenomena, such as the charging of dust grains and the dose of charged species to a biomaterial.
Cross species systems biology discovers glial DDR2, STOM, and KANK2 as therapeutic targets in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Min Yuhao , Wang Xue , İş Özkan , Patel Tulsi A. , Gao Junli , Reddy Joseph S. , Quicksall Zachary S. , Nguyen Thuy , Lin Shu , Tutor-New Frederick Q. , Chalk Jessica L. , Mitchell Adriana O. , Crook Julia E. , Nelson Peter T. , Van Eldik Linda J. , Golde Todd E. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Dickson Dennis W. , Zhang Ke , Allen Mariet , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer
Published: November 2023

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder characterized by cell-type-specific tau lesions in neurons and glia. Prior work uncovered transcriptome changes in human PSP brains, although their cell-specificity is unknown. Further, systematic data integration and experimental validation platforms to prioritize brain transcriptional perturbations as therapeutic targets in PSP are currently lacking. In this study, we combine bulk tissue (n = 408) and single nucleus RNAseq (n = 34) data from PSP and control brains with transcriptome data from a mouse tauopathy and experimental validations inDrosophilatau models for systematic discovery of high-confidence expression changes in PSP with therapeutic potential. We discover, replicate, and annotate thousands of differentially expressed genes in PSP, many of which reside in glia-enriched co-expression modules and cells. We prioritizeDDR2, STOM, andKANK2as promising therapeutic targets in PSP with striking cross-species validations. We share our findings and data via our interactive application toolPSP RNAseq Atlas(https://rtools.mayo.edu/PSP_RNAseq_Atlas/). Our findings reveal robust glial transcriptome changes in PSP, provide a cross-species systems biology approach, and a tool for therapeutic target discoveries in PSP with potential application in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Catalytic ozonation mechanism over M1-N3C1 active sites
Authors: Ma Dingren , Lian Qiyu , Zhang Yexing , Huang Yajing , Guan Xinyi , Liang Qiwen , He Chun , Xia Dehua , Liu Shengwei , Yu Jiaguo
Published: November 2023

The structure-activity relationship in catalytic ozonation remains unclear, hindering the understanding of activity origins. Here, we report activity trends in catalytic ozonation using a series of single-atom catalysts with well-defined M1-N3C1 (M: manganese, ferrum, cobalt, and nickel) active sites. The M1-N3C1 units induce locally polarized M − C bonds to capture ozone molecules onto M atoms and serve as electron shuttles for catalytic ozonation, exhibiting excellent catalytic activities (at least 527 times higher than commercial manganese dioxide). The combined in situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal single metal atom-dependent catalytic activity, with surface atomic oxygen reactivity identified as a descriptor for the structure-activity relationship in catalytic ozonation. Additionally, the dissociation barrier of surface peroxide species is proposed as a descriptor for the structure-activity relationship in ozone decomposition. These findings provide guidelines for designing high-performance catalytic ozonation catalysts and enhance the atomic-level mechanistic understanding of the integral control of ozone and methyl mercaptan.
Overview on wearable sensors for the management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Moreau Caroline , Rouaud Tiphaine , Grabli David , Benatru Isabelle , Remy Philippe , Marques Ana-Raquel , Drapier Sophie , Mariani Louise-Laure , Roze Emmanuel , Devos David , Dupont Gwendoline , Bereau Matthieu , Fabbri Margherita
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is affecting about 1.2 million patients in Europe with a prevalence that is expected to have an exponential increment, in the next decades. This epidemiological evolution will be challenged by the low number of neurologists able to deliver expert care for PD. As PD is better recognized, there is an increasing demand from patients for rigorous control of their symptoms and for therapeutic education. In addition, the highly variable nature of symtoms between patients and the fluctuations within the same patient requires innovative tools to help doctors and patients monitor the disease in their usual living environment and adapt treatment in a more relevant way. Nowadays, there are various body-worn sensors (BWS) proposed to monitor parkinsonian clinical features, such as motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, tremor, bradykinesia, freezing of gait (FoG) or gait disturbances. BWS have been used as add-on tool for patients’ management or research purpose. Here, we propose a practical anthology, summarizing the characteristics of the most used BWS for PD patients in Europe, focusing on their role as tools to improve treatment management. Consideration regarding the use of technology to monitor non-motor features is also included. BWS obviously offer new opportunities for improving management strategy in PD but their precise scope of use in daily routine care should be clarified.
Lasting enhancements in neural efficiency by multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation during working memory training
Authors: Ke Yufeng , Liu Shuang , Chen Long , Wang Xiashuang , Ming Dong
Published: November 2023

The neural basis for long-term behavioral improvements resulting from multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with working memory training (WMT) remains unclear. In this study, we used task-related electroencephalography (EEG) measures to investigate the lasting neurophysiological effects of anodal high-definition (HD)-tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during a challenging WMT. Thirty-four healthy young adults were randomized to sham or active tDCS groups and underwent ten 30-minute training sessions over ten consecutive days, preceded by a pre-test and followed by post-tests performed one day and three weeks after the last session, respectively, by performing high-load WM tasks along with EEG recording. Multi-session HD-tDCS significantly enhanced the behavioral benefits of WMT. Compared to the sham group, the active group showed facilitated increases in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma task-related oscillations at the end of training and significantly increased P300 response 3 weeks post-training. Our findings suggest that applying anodal tDCS over the left dlPFC during multi-session WMT can enhance the behavioral benefits of WMT and facilitate sustained improvements in WM-related neural efficiency.
Multiple-instance learning of somatic mutations for the classification of tumour type and the prediction of microsatellite status
Authors: Anaya Jordan , Sidhom John-William , Mahmood Faisal , Baras Alexander S.
Published: November 2023

Large-scale genomic data are well suited to analysis by deep learning algorithms. However, for many genomic datasets, labels are at the level of the sample rather than for individual genomic measures. Machine learning models leveraging these datasets generate predictions by using statically encoded measures that are then aggregated at the sample level. Here we show that a single weakly supervised end-to-end multiple-instance-learning model with multi-headed attention can be trained to encode and aggregate the local sequence context or genomic position of somatic mutations, hence allowing for the modelling of the importance of individual measures for sample-level classification and thus providing enhanced explainability. The model solves synthetic tasks that conventional models fail at, and achieves best-in-class performance for the classification of tumour type and for predicting microsatellite status. By improving the performance of tasks that require aggregate information from genomic datasets, multiple-instance deep learning may generate biological insight.
A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow
Authors: Dorey James B. , Fischer Erica E. , Chesshire Paige R. , Nava-Bolaños Angela , O’Reilly Robert L. , Bossert Silas , Collins Shannon M. , Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Tucker Erika M. , Smith-Pardo Allan , Falcon-Brindis Armando , Guevara Diego A. , Ribeiro Bruno , de Pedro Diego , Pickering John , Hung Keng-Lou James , Parys Katherine A. , McCabe Lindsie M. , Rogan Matthew S. , Minckley Robert L. , Velazco Santiago J. E. , Griswold Terry , Zarrillo Tracy A. , Jetz Walter , Sica Yanina V. , Orr Michael C. , Guzman Laura Melissa , Ascher John S. , Hughes Alice C. , Cobb Neil S.
Published: November 2023

Species occurrence data are foundational for research, conservation, and science communication, but the limited availability and accessibility of reliable data represents a major obstacle, particularly for insects, which face mounting pressures. We presentBeeBDC, a newRpackage, and a global bee occurrence dataset to address this issue. We combined >18.3 million bee occurrence records from multiple public repositories (GBIF, SCAN, iDigBio, USGS, ALA) and smaller datasets, then standardised, flagged, deduplicated, and cleaned the data using the reproducibleBeeBDC R-workflow. Specifically, we harmonised species names (following established global taxonomy), country names, and collection dates and, we added record-level flags for a series of potential quality issues. These data are provided in two formats, “cleaned” and “flagged-but-uncleaned”. TheBeeBDCpackage with online documentation provides end users the ability to modify filtering parameters to address their research questions. By publishing reproducibleRworkflows and globally cleaned datasets, we can increase the accessibility and reliability of downstream analyses. This workflow can be implemented for other taxa to support research and conservation.
Integrating databases for spatial analysis of parasite-host associations and the novel Brazilian dataset
Authors: Cruz Gabriella L. T. , Winck Gisele R. , D’Andrea Paulo S. , Krempser Eduardo , Vidal Mariana M. , Andreazzi Cecilia S.
Published: November 2023

Incomplete information on parasites, their associated hosts, and their precise geographical location hampers the ability to predict disease emergence in Brazil, a continental-sized country characterised by significant regional disparities. Here, we demonstrate how the NCBI Nucleotide and GBIF databases can be used as complementary databases to study spatially georeferenced parasite-host associations. We also provide a comprehensive dataset of parasites associated with mammal species that occur in Brazil, the Brazilian Mammal Parasite Occurrence Data (BMPO). This dataset integrates wild mammal species’ morphological and life-history traits, zoonotic parasite status, and zoonotic microparasite transmission modes. Through meta-networks, comprising interconnected host species linked by shared zoonotic microparasites, we elucidate patterns of zoonotic microparasite dissemination. This approach contributes to wild animal and zoonoses surveillance, identifying and targeting host species accountable for disproportionate levels of parasite sharing within distinct biomes. Moreover, our novel dataset contributes to the refinement of models concerning disease emergence and parasite distribution among host species.
Large-scale violence in Late Neolithic Western Europe based on expanded skeletal evidence from San Juan ante Portam Latinam
Authors: Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Ordoño Javier , Etxeberria Francisco , Herrasti Lourdes , Armendariz Ángel , Vegas José I. , Schulting Rick J.
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the nature and extent of conflict in Late Neolithic Europe based on expanded skeletal evidence for violence from the San Juan ante Portam Latinam rockshelter in present-day Spain (ca. 3380–3000 cal. BC). The systematic osteological re-examination has identified 65 unhealed and 89 healed traumas—of which 77 were previously undocumented—consistent with aggression. They affect 23.1% of the 338 individuals represented. Adolescent and adult males are particularly affected (44.9% of the 107 identified), comprising 97.6% of unhealed trauma and 81.7% of healed trauma recorded in individuals whose sex could be estimated and showing higher frequencies of injuries per individual than other demographic subgroups. Results suggest that many individuals, essentially men, were exposed to violence and eventually killed in battle and raids, since warriorship is mainly restricted to this demographic in many societies. The proportion of casualties is likely to have been far greater than indicated by the 10.1% individuals exhibiting unhealed trauma, given the presence of isolated cases of unhealed postcranial trauma and of arrowheads potentially having impacted into soft tissues. This, together with skeletal indicators of poor health and the possible socioeconomic outcomes evidenced in the region, suggest wider social impacts, which may relate to a more sophisticated and formalized way of warfare than previously appreciated in the European Neolithic record.
Gut microbiota composition and diversity before, during, and two months after rifamycin-based tuberculosis preventive therapy
Authors: Séraphin Marie Nancy , Bellot Julia , Klann Emily , Ukhanova Maria , Saulsberry Florence G. , Peloquin Charles A. , Mai Volker
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is an effective strategy to eliminate TB in low-incidence settings. Shorter TPT regimens incorporating the antimicrobial class of rifamycins are designed to improve adherence and completion rates but carry the risk of modifications to the gut microbiota. We enrolled six subjects diagnosed with latent TB infection (LTBI) who accepted to initiate TPT. We also enrolled six healthy volunteers unexposed to the rifamycins. We profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V1-V2 region) to document the immediate effect of rifamycin-based TPT on the gut microbiota composition and tracked recovery to baseline two months after TPT. Overall, TPT accounted for 17% of the variance in gut microbial community dissimilarity. This rifamycin-based TPT induced dysbiosis was characterized by a depletion of butyrate-producing taxa (Clostridium-XIVa and Roseburia) and expansion of potentially pathogenic taxa within the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. Recovery of the gut microbial composition was incomplete two months after TPT. Robust clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively catalogue TPT-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis to inform strategies to mitigate potential long-term sequelae of this important TB control intervention.
Numerical investigation of sequential phase-locked optical gating of free electrons
Authors: Chahshouri Fatemeh , Talebi Nahid
Published: November 2023

Recent progress in coherent quantum interactions between free-electron pulses and laser-induced near-field light have revolutionized electron wavepacket shaping. Building on these advancements, we numerically explore the potential of sequential interactions between slow electrons and localized dipolar plasmons in a sequential phase-locked interaction scheme. Taking advantage of the prolonged interaction time between slow electrons and optical near-fields, we aim to explore the effect of plasmon dynamics on the free-electron wavepacket modulation. Our results demonstrate that the initial optical phase of the localized dipolar plasmon at the starting point of the interaction, along with the phase offset between the interaction zones, can serve as control parameters in manipulating the transverse and longitudinal recoil of the electron wavefunction. Moreover, it is shown that the incident angle of the laser light is an additional control knop for tailoring the longitudinal and transverse recoils. We show that a sequential phase-locking method can be employed to precisely manipulate the longitudinal and transverse recoil of the electron wavepacket, leading to selective acceleration or deceleration of the electron energy along specific diffraction angles. These findings have important implications for developing novel techniques for ultrafast electron-light interferometry, shaping the electron wavepacket, and quantum information processing.
Study on the spatial specificity of phenolics in fruit of different jujube varieties
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhun , Pu Yunfeng , Wu Cuiyun , Yan Min , Zhang Qiaoqiao
Published: November 2023

Phenol, an important bioactive substance in jujube fruit, is one of the most important indexes of fruit quality. In order to clarify the phenolic substance composition, content and distribution characteristics of different varieties of jujube fruits, this study measured and compared the content of total phenols, total flavonoids and phenolic substance composition in different parts of fruits of six jujube varieties, and combined with the principal component analysis, the results showed that: Fourteen phenolic substances were identified in the fruits of different jujube varieties, and proanthocyanidins, epicatechin, catechin and rutin were the main components, accounting for 58.60%, 16.08%, 13.56% and 5.57% of the total phenolic substances, respectively. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of jujube fruits of each variety were between 18.11 and 21.45 mg GAE/g DW and 10.56–20.25 mg RE/g DW, respectively, and the differences in the contents between the varieties were significant, and the contents of ‘Junzao’ and ‘Jinlingyuanzao’ were higher than those of other varieties.The phenolic content of different parts of jujube fruits showed spatial distribution differences, manifested as the total phenols, total flavonoids and their fractions of the peel were significantly higher than that of the pulp, while the content of the pulp near the kernel was significantly higher than that of other parts of the pulp, This study provides a theoretical basis for analysing the differences in phenolic substances in jujube fruits.
Daily flow prediction of the Huayuankou hydrometeorological station based on the coupled CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM model
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zhang Xianqi , Sun Shifeng , Wen Yihao , Yin Qiuwen
Published: November 2023

Enhancing flood forecasting accuracy, promoting rational water resource utilization and management, and mitigating river disasters all hinge on the crucial role of improving the accuracy of daily flow prediction. The coupled model of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Sample Entropy (SE), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) demonstrates higher stability when faced with nonlinear and non-stationary data, stronger adaptability to various types and lengths of time series data by utilizing sample entropy, and significant advantages in processing sequential data through the BiLSTM network. In this study, in the context of predicting daily flow at the Huayuankou Hydrological Station in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, a coupled CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM model was developed and utilized. The results showed that the CEEMDAN–SE–BiLSTM coupled model achieved the utmost accuracy in prediction and optimal fitting performance. Compared with the CEEMDAN–SE–LSTM, CEEMDAN–BiLSTM, and BiLSTM coupled models, the root mean square error (RMSE) of this model is reduced by 42.77, 182.02, and 193.71, respectively; the mean absolute error (MAE) is reduced by 37.62, 118.60, and 126.67, respectively; and the coefficient of determination (R2) is increased by 0.0208, 0.1265, 0.1381.
Research and experiment on the trenching performance of orchard trenching device
Authors: Ma Chen , Meng He Wei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Cong , Zhao Ying , Wang Li Hong
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the mismatch between the cutter combination of the furrowing device and the operating parameters, and resulting in low quality of furrowing and other problems, the theoretical analysis of the furrowing cutting operation is carried out and the influence law of the furrowing parameters on the trajectory, performance and quality of the furrowing movement is obtained. The influence of trenching parameters on trenching trajectory, performance and quality was obtained. The response surface method was applied to design and carry out field experiments. With the increase of cutter head speed and forward speed, the width and depth of trenching and the thickness of floating soil at the bottom of trenching decreased first and then increased, while the operation power consumption presented the increasing trend gradually. The optimization model of trenching performance quality was constructed to obtain the optimal parameter combination of influencing factors. Field experiments were carried out to verify the optimization results. The optimisation results were verified through field tests, which showed that the average depth of furrowing was 472 mm, the width was 332 mm, the thickness of soil return was 134 mm, and the operating power consumption was 19.95 kW. The results showed that the average depth of furrowing was 472 mm, the width was 332 mm, and the thickness of soil return was 134 mm. The optimization model could meet the operation quality indexes, and provide a theoretical basis for the design of the disc subsection cutting trenching device to select the operation parameter combination required by low power consumption and deep trenching.
Large regional variability in geomagnetic storm effects in the auroral zone
Authors: Kärhä Otto , Tanskanen Eija I. , Vanhamäki Heikki
Published: November 2023

A digital society is fragile and vulnerable to space-originated electromagnetic disturbances. Global geomagnetic conditions have been actively monitored since the invention of the magnetometer in 1833. However, regional changes in the magnetic environment have been widely left unstudied because of the sparsity of the observing networks. The Scandinavian Magnetometer Array (SMA) was the densest magnetometer network in history, and it was in operation in Fennoscandia during the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) in 1976–1979. The data has been left mainly unstudied because it was recorded on 35 mm films, which are difficult to use for scientific studies. We used the DigiMAG digitization method to digitize magnetic data from all 32 SMA stations for a geomagnetic storm on 10–12 December 1977. Using these digitized values and modern magnetic data, we found large regional differences about up to 2 nT/km during strong geomagnetic storms (Dst 100–200 nT) and 7 nT/km for major scale Halloween geomagnetic storm, which correspond to 400 and 1400 nT difference for a typical 200 km station separation, respectively. The average size of substorms is 400 nT in the auroral zone. We conclude that the sparse magnetometer network can cause an underestimation of the regional magnetic disturbances and their effects. Misestimation of regional disturbances during extreme storms like the Carrington event may lead to insufficient planning of mitigation procedures and strategies.
Patient-derived organoids identify tailored therapeutic options and determinants of plasticity in sarcomatoid urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Garioni Michele , Tschan Viviane J. , Blukacz Lauriane , Nuciforo Sandro , Parmentier Romuald , Roma Luca , Coto-Llerena Mairene , Pueschel Heike , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Vlajnic Tatjana , Stenner Frank , Seifert Hans-Helge , Rentsch Cyrill A. , Bubendorf Lukas , Le Magnen Clémentine
Published: November 2023

Sarcomatoid Urothelial Bladder Cancer (SARC) is a rare and aggressive histological subtype of bladder cancer for which therapeutic options are limited and experimental models are lacking. Here, we report the establishment of a long-term 3D organoid-like model derived from a SARC patient (SarBC-01). SarBC-01 emulates aggressive morphological, phenotypical, and transcriptional features of SARC and harbors somatic mutations in genes frequently altered in sarcomatoid tumors such as TP53 (p53) and RB1 (pRB). High-throughput drug screening, using a library comprising 1567 compounds in SarBC-01 and conventional urothelial carcinoma (UroCa) organoids, identified drug candidates active against SARC cells exclusively, or UroCa cells exclusively, or both. Among those, standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited both SARC and UroCa cells, while a subset of targeted drugs was specifically effective in SARC cells, including agents targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) pathway. In two independent patient cohorts and in organoid models, GR and its encoding gene NR3C1 were found to be significantly more expressed in SARC as compared to UroCa, suggesting that high GR expression is a hallmark of SARC tumors. Further, glucocorticoid treatment impaired the mesenchymal morphology, abrogated the invasive ability of SARC cells, and led to transcriptomic changes associated with reversion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, at single-cell level. Altogether, our study highlights the power of organoids for precision oncology and for providing key insights into factors driving rare tumor entities.
Enhanced interfacial water dissociation on a hydrated iron porphyrin single-atom catalyst in graphene
Authors: Scalfi Laura , Becker Maximilian R. , Netz Roland R. , Bocquet Marie-Laure
Published: November 2023

Single Atom Catalysis (SAC) is an expanding field of heterogeneous catalysis in which single metallic atoms embedded in different materials catalyze a chemical reaction, but these new catalytic materials still lack fundamental understanding when used in electrochemical environments. Recent characterizations of non-noble metals like Fe deposited on N-doped graphitic materials have evidenced two types of Fe-N4 fourfold coordination, either of pyridine type or of porphyrin type. Here, we study these defects embedded in a graphene sheet and immersed in an explicit aqueous medium at the quantum level. While the Fe-pyridine SAC model is clear cut and widely studied, it is not the case for the Fe-porphyrin SAC that remains ill-defined, because of the necessary embedding of odd-membered rings in graphene. We first propose an atomistic model for the Fe-porphyrin SAC. Using spin-polarized ab initio molecular dynamics, we show that both Fe SACs spontaneously adsorb two interfacial water molecules from the solvent on opposite sides. Interestingly, we unveil a different catalytic reactivity of the two hydrated SAC motives: while the Fe-porphyrin defect eventually dissociates an adsorbed water molecule under a moderate external electric field, the Fe-pyridine defect does not convey water dissociation.
Bayesian optimisation for additive screening and yield improvements – beyond one-hot encoding
Authors: Ranković Bojana , Griffiths Ryan-Rhys , Moss Henry B. , Schwaller Philippe
Published: November 2023

Cost-effective Bayesian optimisation screening of 720 additives on four complex reactions, achieving substantial yield improvements over baselines using chemical reaction representations beyond one-hot encoding.
Influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on carbonyl scavenging capacity of fiber-bound polyphenols from quinoa
Authors: Li Jinxin , Zhang Hao , Zhu Ling , Wu Gangcheng , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2023

The fiber-bound polyphenols from quinoa retained considerable carbonyl scavenging capacity during colonic fermentation, and the residual fiber-bound polyphenols in the fermented residues significantly contributed to the scavenging capacity.
Plasmonic nanodendrites stabilized with autologous serum proteins for sustainable host specific photothermal tumor ablation
Authors: Mimansa  , Bansal Smriti , Yadav Pranjali , Shanavas Asifkhan
Published: November 2023

The present study puts forth a green route of using host-derived serum proteins as templates and stabilizers of gold nanodendrites. This work validates a truly sustainable approach for personalized photothermal therapy.
A recyclable MOF@polymer thin film composite for nanomolar on-site fluorometric detection of heavy metal ion and anti-histamine drug and efficient heterogeneous catalysis of Friedel–Crafts alkylation
Authors: Sakir Hossain Sk , Karthik Veerappan , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Biswas Shyam
Published: November 2023

A recyclable MOF@polymer thin film composite was utilized for fast nanomolar fluorometric sensing of Hg(ii) and ranitidine in serum, urine, tablets and waste water, and heterogeneous catalysis of Friedel–Crafts alkylation.
Theoretical study of Ponceau S oxidation using the electro-Fenton process under optimal operational conditions
Authors: Laftani Yasmine , Chatib Baylassane , Boussaoud Abdelghani , Hachkar Mohsine
Published: November 2023

Theoretical DFT calculation estimated the first mechanistic reaction of the Ponceau S degradation by the electro-Fenton process.
Structure and properties of nitrocellulose: approaching 200 years of research
Authors: Morris Edmund , Pulham Colin R. , Morrison Carole A.
Published: November 2023

This review brings together almost 200 years of research on the structure of nitrocellulose to give an overview covering its production from cellulose through to application in composite materials such as propellants or biomedical tests.
Synthesis, characterization and anti-breast cancer potential of an incensole acetate nanoemulsion from Catharanthus roseus essential oil; in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study
Authors: Nayila Iffat , Sharif Sumaira , Lodhi Madeeha Shahzad , Rehman Muhammad Fayyaz Ur , Aman Farhana
Published: November 2023

The prospective activity of incensole acetate (IA) identified and isolated from Catharanthus roseus essential oil and the anticancer potential of an IA biosynthesized nanoemulsion against DMBA induced breast cancer markers was investigated.
Comparison of voltammetric methods used in the interrogation of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors
Authors: Verrinder Elsi , Leung Kaylyn K. , Erdal Murat Kaan , Sepunaru Lior , Plaxco Kevin W.
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors support real-time, in vivo molecular measurements. Here we compare the relative merits of square-wave, alternating current, and differential pulse voltammetry in the interrogation of such sensors.
NiFe2O4 quantum dots anchored on flower-like Ni-MOF with enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Guo Hao , Hao Yanrui , Tian Jiaying , Liu Yinsheng , Ren Henglong , Yang Wu
Published: November 2023

NiFe2O4 QDs@Ni-MOF-10 composite with a specific capacity of 852.3 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 was prepared by a two-step solvothermal method. The hybrid device assembled by the composite and AC delivered a high specific energy and can illuminate a LED.
Update – Lipidsenkende Therapie bei pAVK
Authors: Mühlberg Katja Sibylle
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Versorgungsrealität Trotz klarer Leitlinienempfehlungen werden nur etwa jedem 2. pAVK-Patienten Statine verordnet, Frauen zudem seltener als Männern. Die Rate der eingelösten Rezepte liegt drastisch unter der ohnehin schon niedrigen Verschreibungsrate, sodass <⅓ aller pAVK-Patienten überhaupt eine lipidsenkende Therapie einnimmt.

Outcome-Relevanz und erweitertes Therapiespektrum: International besteht Konsens darüber, dass jeder pAVK-Patient mit Statinen behandelt werden soll, da diese nicht nur lipidsenkend, sondern auch plaquestabilisierend wirken und hieraus ein prognostischer Nutzen resultiert. Extremitätenbezogene Endpunkte, sog. MALE (s.u.), können durch Lipidsenkung um 24% im Vergleich zu Placebo reduziert werden. Die Kombination aus niedrigdosiertem hochpotenten Statin mit Ezetimib kann einer hochdosierten Statin-Monotherapie ebenbürtig sein und bei besserer Verträglichkeit die Therapieadhärenz fördern. Im Vergleich zu niedrigpotenten Statinen reduzieren hochpotente Statine die Gesamtmortalität um 36% und haben einen signifikanten Einfluss auf kardiovaskuläre und extremitätenbezogene Endpunkte. Eine Statinintoleranz wird bei bestimmten Risikogruppen häufiger beobachtet, ist insgesamt aber sehr selten. Wirksame Alternativen sind Bempedoinsäure und PCSK9-Inhibitoren.

Lipoprotein(a) Etwa 20% der Bevölkerung haben stark erhöhte Lp(a)-Werte, die ein über das Lipidmanagement hinausgehendes Risikofaktoren-Management erfordern. Eine hohe Lp(a)-Konzentration ist als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für alle Manifestationen der Atherosklerose mit einem pAVK-Progress, erhöhten Restenoseraten und drastisch erhöhten Amputationsraten assoziiert. Jeder Erwachsene sollte 1-mal im Leben eine Lp(a)-Bestimmung erhalten.
Government Relations and Interventional Radiology
Authors: Englander Meridith J.
Published: November 2023

Health care policy in the United States is made by nonphysician lawmakers and government employees. Through advocacy and lobbying, physicians have an opportunity to be involved in the process. Interventional radiologists (IRs) are the experts on issues related to IR. Government relation offers IRs the opportunity to engage with members of Congress, officials in Federal and State agencies, and State legislators to inform and influence their decision making. The Society of Interventional Radiology PAC (SIRPAC) is the only PAC to represent the interests of interventional radiology. Increased contributions to SIRPAC are essential to be sure that the voice of IR is heard.
Development and User Testing of a Dynamic Tool for Rheumatic Heart Disease Management
Authors: de Loizaga Sarah R. , Pulle Jafesi , Rwebembera Joselyn , Abrams Jessica , Atala Jenifer , Chesnut Emily , Danforth Kristen , Fall Ndate , Felicelli Nicholas , Lapthorn Karen , Longenecker Chris T. , Minja Neema W. , Moore Ryan A. , Morrison Riley , Mwangi Jeremiah , Nakagaayi Doreen , Nakitto Miriam , Sable Craig , Sanyahumbi Amy , Sarnacki Rachel , Thembo Jenipher , Vincente Sophie La , Watkins David , Zühlke Liesl , Okello Emmy , Beaton Andrea , Dexheimer Judith W.
Published: November 2023

Objective Most rheumatic heart disease (RHD) registries are static and centralized, collecting epidemiological and clinical data without providing tools to improve care. We developed a dynamic cloud-based RHD case management application with the goal of improving care for patients with RHD in Uganda.

Methods The Active Community Case Management Tool (ACT) was designed to improve community-based case management for chronic disease, with RHD as the first test case. Global and local partner consultation informed selection of critical data fields and prioritization of application functionality. Multiple stages of review and revision culminated in user testing of the application at the Uganda Heart Institute.

Results Global and local partners provided feedback of the application via survey and interview. The application was well received, and top considerations included avenues to import existing patient data, considering a minimum data entry form, and performing a situation assessment to tailor ACT to the health system setup for each new country. Test users completed a postuse survey. Responses were favorable regarding ease of use, desire to use the application in regular practice, and ability of the application to improve RHD care in Uganda. Concerns included appropriate technical skills and supports and potential disruption of workflow.

Conclusion Creating the ACT application was a dynamic process, incorporating iterative feedback from local and global partners. Results of the user testing will help refine and optimize the application. The ACT application showed potential for utility and integration into existing care models in Uganda.
Working with Hospital Administration: Strategies for Success
Authors: Ray Charles E.
Published: November 2023

Organizational structure has evolved over the past several decades, with physicians assuming more or fewer leadership positions over time. Regardless of the role of physicians in health care organizational leadership, constant meaningful communication with the hospital, radiology group, or greater physician group administrative leadership is vital for any group of IR physicians to be successful. Understanding what is considered important to hospital administration and, in particular, being closely aligned with the C-suite leadership, is paramount to having successful communication with these stakeholders. Although each situation will obligatorily be unique, certain themes can be followed to optimize the working relationship between an interventional radiology service and organizational administration. This article provides guidelines and suggestions specifically in communicating with health care system leadership.
A non-Newtonian thermal lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of Rayleigh–Bénard convection of power-law fluids
Authors: Ren Xiaofei , Xin Zheng , Liu Feifei
Published: November 2023

Despite the widespread popularity of the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook lattice Boltzmann (BGK-LB) model due to its simplicity and efficiency, its application in heat transfer involving non-Newtonian fluids (NNFs) has been limited by inherent constraints. This paper proposes a numerically stable BGK-LB model for the thermal flow of NNFs. The modified model incorporates the local shear rate into the equilibrium distribution function of the velocity field and addresses the numerical instability problems encountered in the traditional BGK-LB model under low viscosity conditions by introducing an additional parameter. In addition, a temperature evolution equation that can accurately recover the convective diffusion equation is adopted. The accuracy of the current method is validated by performing simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) in a square cavity filled with Newtonian fluids and NNFs. Subsequently, simulations are conducted to investigate the behavior of RBC in power-law fluids. The analysis focuses on examining the impact of the Rayleigh number (Ra = 5 × 103 − 105) and the power-law index (n = 0.8–1.3) on the convective structure and heat transfer characteristics while maintaining a fixed Prandtl number (Pr = 7) and aspect ratio (L/H = 2). It is discovered that, for a given n value, the convection intensity and heat transfer rate increase with increasing Ra, which is supported by the increasing trend of the mean Nusselt number (Nū) with Ra. Furthermore, compared to NFs, pseudo-plastic fluids display a higher Nū value due to an augmented heat transfer rate, while dilatant fluids exhibit a lower Nū value owing to a diminished heat transfer rate.