bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of Iodine-131–Metaiodobenzylguanidine in Combination With Myeloablative Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Support for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Yanik Gregory A. , Levine John E. , Matthay Katherine K. , Sisson James C. , Shulkin Barry L. , Shapiro Brahm , Hubers David , Spalding Susan , Braun Tom , Ferrara James L.M. , Hutchinson Raymond J.
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: The survival for children with relapsed or metastatic neuroblastoma remains poor. More effective regimens with acceptable toxicity are required to improve prognosis. Iodine-131–metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) selectively targets radiation to catecholamine-producing cells, including neuroblastoma cells. A pilot study was performed to examine the feasibility of a novel regimen combining 131I-MIBG and myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with neuroblastoma were treated after relapse (five patients) or after induction therapy (seven patients). Eight patients had metastatic and four had localized disease at the time of therapy. All patients received 131I-MIBG 12 mCi/kg on day −21, followed by carboplatin (1,500 mg/m2), etoposide (800 mg/m2), and melphalan (210 mg/m2) administered from day −7 to day −4. Autologous peripheral-blood stem cells or bone marrow were infused on day 0. Engraftment, toxicity, and response rates were evaluated.

RESULTS: The 131I-MIBG infusion and myeloablative chemotherapy were both well tolerated. Grade 2 to 3 oral mucositis was the predominant nonhematopoietic toxicity, occurring in all patients. The median times to neutrophil (≥ 0.5 × 103/μL) and platelet (≥ 20 × 103/μL) engraftment were 10 and 28 days, respectively. For the eight patients treated with metastatic disease, three achieved complete response and two had partial responses by day 100 after transplantation.

CONCLUSION: Treatment with 131I-MIBG in combination with myeloablative chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell rescue is feasible with acceptable toxicity. Future study is warranted to examine the efficacy of this novel therapy.
Structural analysis of an Asterias rubens peptide indicates the presence of a disulfide‐directed β‐hairpin fold
Authors: Takjoo Rozita , Wilson David T. , Le Quilliec Justine , Schmidt Casey A. , Zhao Guangzu , Liddell Michael J. , Shaikh Naeem Y. , Sunagar Kartik , Loukas Alex , Smout Michael J. , Daly Norelle L.
Published: November 2024

Sea stars are an abundant group of marine invertebrates that display remarkably robust regenerative capabilities throughout all life stages. Numerous proteins and peptides have been identified in a proteome study on the coelomic fluid (biofluid) of the common sea star Asterias rubens, which appear to be involved with the wound‐healing response in the organism. However, the three‐dimensional structure and function of several of these injury‐responsive peptides, including the peptide KASH2, are yet to be investigated. Here, we show that the KASH2 peptide adopts a disulfide‐directed β‐hairpin fold (DDH). The DDH motif appears to be evolutionarily related to the inhibitor cystine knot motif, which is one of the most widespread disulfide‐rich peptide folds. The DDH motif was originally thought to be restricted to arachnids, but our study suggests that as a result of convergent evolution it could also have originated in sea stars. Although the widely conserved DDH fold has potential cross‐phyla wound‐healing capacity, we have shown that KASH2 does not enhance the proliferation of human fibroblasts, a simple method for wound‐healing re‐epithelialisation screening. Therefore, additional research is necessary to determine the role of KASH2 in the sea stars.
Crystalline Carbon Deposition on Piston Ring Substrates and Its Effects on Tribological Characteristics, Engine Performance, and Emissions
Authors: Esen Mehmet , Yilmaz Ali Can
Published: November 2024

Electron cyclotron resonance‐chemical vapor carbon deposition technique was altered via incorporation of nitrogen gas in the methane (CH4)‐based plasma, thermal annealing of the substrates, and Arduino‐controlled sample rotating mechanism to bombard the contact surface of the piston ring samples. By placing the substrates very close to the plasma gun, various carbon‐based structures including graphene oxide, nanodiamond, and reduced graphene oxide were successfully deposited. The formed structures were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X‐ray. Related tribological analyses such as surface hardness‐roughness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear rate were also carried out on the coated surfaces. The morphology and chemical composition of the worn surfaces were observed via SEM and EDX. The coated samples were installed in a small spark‐ignition engine to determine the effect of coating on brake power (Pe), specific energy consumption (β), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. Very promising results of 14% increase in surface hardness, 11% reduction in β, 15% enhancement in Pe, 50% decrease in COF, 12.5% and 9% improvements in CO, and UHC emissions were obtained.
Chemically Processed Porous V2O5 Thin‐Film Cathodes for High‐Performance Thin‐film Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Jingli , Cao Mengjue , Naresh Nibagani , Borah Jnanraj , Li Shuhui , Wang Tianlei , Sarma Bimal K. , Yao Jianfeng , Parkin Ivan P. , Boruah Buddha Deka
Published: November 2024

Thin‐film rechargeable batteries have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties such as small size, thinness, and the ability to power smart devices, including portable electronic devices, medical devices, smart cards, RFID tags, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Processing thin‐film electrodes for these batteries generally relies on standard physical vapor deposition technologies. However, producing porous thin‐films using these techniques presents significant challenges. Here, a rapid and cost‐effective chemical route for processing porous vanadium oxide (V2O5) thin‐film cathodes for application in Zinc‐ion‐based thin‐film batteries (Zn‐TFBs) is explored. The V2O5 precursor process uses an industrially viable spraying technique, which not only offers impressive charge storage performance of an areal capacity of 47.34 µAh cm−2, areal energy of 50.18 µWh cm−2, and areal power of 53 µW cm−2 at 50 µA cm−2 in the optimized gel‐electrolyte composition. This study introduces a cost‐effective and industrially viable method for processing highly porous thin‐film cathodes, enabling the production of high‐performance, affordable, and safer thin‐film batteries.
Dual Near‐Infrared‐Response S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Asymmetric Adsorption Sites for Enhanced Nitrogen Photoreduction
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhang Chaoqi , Bao Tong , Xi Yamin , Yuan Ling , Zou Yingying , Bi Yin , Liu Chao , Yu Chengzhong
Published: November 2024

Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR) holds immense promise for sustainable ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, few photocatalysts can utilize NIR light that carries over 50% of the solar energy for NH3 production with high performance. Herein, a dual NIR‐responsive S‐scheme ZnCoSx/Fe3S4 heterojunction photocatalyst is designed with asymmetric adsorption sites and excellent PNRR performance. The heterojunction possesses a hollow‐on‐hollow superstructure: Fe3S4 nanocrystal‐modified ZnCoSx nanocages as building blocks assemble into spindle‐shaped particles with a spindle‐like cavity. Both Fe3S4 and ZnCoSx are NIR active, allowing efficient utilization of full‐spectrum light. Moreover, an S‐scheme heterojunction is constructed that promotes charge separation. In addition, the Fe/Co dual‐metal sites at the interface enable an asymmetric side‐on adsorption mode of N2, favoring the polarization and activation of N2 molecules. In combination with the promoted mass transfer and active site exposure of hollow superstructure, a superior PNRR performance is achieved, with a high NH3 evolution rate of 2523.4  µmol g−1 h−1, an apparent quantum yield of 9.4% at 400 nm and 8% at 1000 nm, and a solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 0.32%. The work paves the way for the rational design of advanced heterojunction catalysts for PNRR.
Magnetothermal Shape‐Morphing of Thermoset Structures
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Xubin , Li Zhen , Wei Huangsan , Tang Jingda , Wang Tiejun
Published: November 2024

Shape‐morphing of thermosets is challenging due to their permanently cross‐linked polymer network structure. Here, a magnetothermal shape‐morphing strategy is proposed for complex thermoset structures via reshaping, assembly, and shape memory. The thermoset composite is fabricated by adding magnetic nanoparticles into dynamically cross‐linked thermoset resin, which imparts magnetothermal effect and reprocessability under an alternating magnetic field. Epoxy composites are prepared with various weight fractions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and their magnetothermal and thermomechanical properties are studied. For a composite with 15 wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the glass transition temperature Tg is 62 °C, and the topology freezing transition temperature Tv is 175 °C. An alternating magnetic field with a working power of 2000 W can generate a temperature of 156 °C, enabling bond exchange reactions and stress relaxation in the dynamically cross‐linked epoxy resin. Magnetothermal reshaping and bonding facilitate the assembly of complex‐shaped structures from simple units, while magnetothermal shape memory provides rapid actuation deformation responses within 60 s. Various examples of magnetothermal shape‐morphing of complex thermoset structures, including grasper, origami, and octopus‐inspired functional structures, are demonstrated. The results indicate that the present shape‐morphing strategy provides advantages such as remote control, high efficiency, flexible design, and straightforward structural fabrication.
A Fully Integrated Orthodontic Aligner With Force Sensing Ability for Machine Learning‐Assisted Diagnosis
Authors: Feng Hao , Song Wenhao , Li Ruyi , Yang Linxin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Guo Jiajun , Liao Xuan , Ni Lei , Zhu Zhou , Chen Junyu , Pei Xibo , Li Yijun , Wang Jian
Published: November 2024

Currently, the diagnosis of malocclusion is a highly demanding process involving complicated examinations of the dental occlusion, which increases the demand for innovative tools for occlusal data monitoring. Nevertheless, continuous wireless monitoring within the oral cavity is challenging due to limitations in sampling and device size. In this study, by embedding high‐performance piezoelectric sensors into the occlusal surfaces using flexible printed circuits, a fully integrated, flexible, and self‐contained transparent aligner is developed. This aligner exhibits excellent sensitivity for occlusal force detection, with a broad detection threshold and continuous pressure monitoring ability at eight distinct sites. Integrated with machine learning algorithm, this fully integrated aligner can also identify and track adverse oral habits that can cause/exacerbate malocclusion, such as lip biting, thumb sucking, and teeth grinding. This system achieved 95% accuracy in determining malocclusion types by analyzing occlusal data from over 1400 malocclusion models. This fully‐integrated sensing system, with wireless monitoring and machine learning processing, marks a significant advancement in the development of intraoral wearable sensors. Moreover, it can also facilitate remote orthodontic monitoring and evaluation, offering a new avenue for effective orthodontic care.
Dimerized Pentamethine Cyanines for Synergistically Boosting Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Huang Haiqiao , Liu Qiang , Zhu Jing‐Hui , Tong Yunkang , Huang Daipeng , Zhou Danhong , Long Saran , Wang Lei , Li Mingle , Chen Xiaoqiang , Peng Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged promising applications in both fundamental research and clinical trials. However, it remains challenging to develop ideal photosensitizers (PSs) that concurrently integrate high photostability, large near‐infrared absorptivity, and efficient therapeutic capabilities. Herein, we reported a sample engineering strategy to afford a benzene‐fused Cy5 dimer (Cy‐D‐5) for synergistically boosting PDT/PTT applications. Intriguingly, Cy‐D‐5 exhibits a tendency to form both J‐aggregates and H‐aggregates in phosphate‐buffered saline, which show a long‐wavelength absorption band bathochromically shifted to 810 nm and a short‐wavelength absorption band hypsochromically shifted to 745 nm, respectively, when compared to its behavior in ethanol (778 nm). Density‐functional theory calculations combined with time‐resolved transient optical spectroscopy analysis reveal that the fused dimer Cy‐D‐5 exhibits a low ΔEST (0.51 eV) and efficient non‐radiative transition rates (12.6 times greater than that of the clinically approved PS‐indocyanine green [PS‐ICG]). Furthermore, the Cy‐D‐5 demonstrates a higher photosensitizing ability to produce 1O2, stronger photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 64.4%), and higher photostability compared with ICG. These combined properties enable Cy‐D‐5 to achieve complete tumor ablation upon 808 nm laser irradiation, highlighting its potential as a powerful and dual‐function phototherapeutic agent. This work may offer a practical strategy for engineering other existing dyes to a red‐shifted spectral range for various phototherapy applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Indoles and 7‐Azaindoles via Sequential Alkynylation and Cyclization of 2‐Iodo‐N‐mesylarylamines and Alkynes in the Presence of Cu2O
Authors: Ali Ahmed R. , Hu Longqin
Published: November 2024

A one‐pot process was developed to synthesize in moderate to high yield a series of 2‐substituted indoles and 7‐azaindoles starting from 2‐iodo‐N‐mesylarylamines and terminal alkynes in the presence of Cu2O in DMF at 90–120 °C. Without isolation of any intermediate, our optimized conditions enabled the introduction of ester, phenyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, N‐Boc‐aminomethyl, and methyl at the 2‐postion of indoles and 7‐azaindoles. The reaction tolerates a variety of substrates containing halogens, or acid‐ or base‐sensitive functional groups without requiring a Pd catalyst, a ligand, or a base.
Propeller‐Shaped Blatter‐Based Triradicals: Distortion‐Free Triangular Spin System and Spin‐State‐Dependent Photophysical Properties
Authors: Aoki Takero , Sotome Hikaru , Shimizu Daiki , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Matsuda Kenji
Published: November 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of triptycene‐based C3v‐ and Cs‐symmetric stable triradicals. SQUID magnetometry showed the propeller‐shaped triradicals were both an antiferromagnetic equilateral triangle spin system with small spin‐spin interactions J/kB~−120 K and −106 K, leading to ca. 4/6 coexistence of the doublet/quartet states in thermal equilibrium at room temperature. The triradicals exhibited characteristic NIR absorption bands reaching 1000 nm, which was solely ascribed to the triradical in the doublet state by variable‐temperature spectroscopic studies and quantum chemical calculations. Taking advantage of the spin‐specific absorption feature, we found that the triradicals in the low‐spin state undergo symmetry‐breaking charge transfer, while those in the high‐spin state fall into a monoradical‐like excited state.
The Human Cornea: Unraveling Its Structural, Chemical, and Biochemical Complexities
Authors: Raut Arun Kumar , Mohapatra Sonali , SiddiquI Gufran , Rajak Suraj Kumar , Sonar Rohini , Basu Sayan , Joshi Vineet , Singh Vivek
Published: November 2024

The cornea, the transparent part of the anterior eye, is vital for light refraction and vision. This review examines the intricate chemical and biochemical interactions essential for maintaining corneal transparency and highlights significant advancements in corneal biology. The cornea comprises five layers: the epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium, each contributing uniquely to its structure and function. The epithelium, maintained by limbal stem cells, serves as a barrier and interacts with the tear film to maintain ocular surface health. The stroma, abundant in organized collagen fibrils and regulated by proteoglycans, is crucial for corneal clarity and biomechanical integrity, whereas the endothelium regulates corneal hydration and nutrition. Recent imaging advances have improved visualization of these molecular structures, enhancing our understanding of collagen organization and cross‐linking. Proteoglycans such as decorin and lumican regulate collagen spacing and hydration, directly influencing corneal clarity. Biochemical processes within the cornea involve signaling molecules, growth factors, and cytokines, which are essential for wound healing, inflammation, and injury response. Despite progress, questions remain regarding corneal wound healing mechanisms, the impact of oxidative stress, and the roles of microRNAs. This review synthesizes recent discoveries to advance our understanding of corneal physiology and biochemical functions.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Schiff's Base Derivatives of 4‐(4‐Amino‐5‐Mercapto‐4H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐Yl)Benzenesulfonamide as Cathepsin B Inhibitors
Authors: Monika  , Chander  , Kaur Prabhjot , Raghav Neera , Sharma Pawan K. , Ram Sita
Published: November 2024

A library of benzenesulfonamide incorporated Schiff's base derivatives of 4‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1a–f, 2a–e, and 3a–e has been synthesized and evaluated in‐vitro for their inhibition potential against cathepsin B enzyme. All the tested compounds possessed good to excellent anti‐cathepsin B activity (40.62%–74.36%) at 10−7 m concentrations in comparison with the curcumin (51.20%) taken as reference. Among all, compound 3c has shown the highest activity exhibiting 74.36% inhibition followed by 3e and 3b (69.99% and 68.36% inhibition, respectively). Molecular docking was performed for the most active compound 3c and the reference compound, curcumin, to know their interactions in the active site of the target enzyme and the results obtained were in agreement with the experimental values. Additionally, DFT calculations were also performed to determine the values of electronic parameters including energies of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), HOMO–LUMO energy gap, chemical hardness, chemical softness, chemical potential, electronegativity, and electrophilicity index.
Substituent‐Modulated Excited Triplet States and Activities of Ruthenium Complexes for Dual Photodynamic/Sonodynamic Therapy to Cisplatin‐Resistant Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xie Dan‐Dan , Li Xue‐Lian , Zeng Li‐Zhen , Ren Xiaoxia , Zhang Dan , Yang Rong , Gao Feng
Published: November 2024

Six polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes were designed for single‐molecule photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy (PDT/SDT) synergistic multimodal anticancer toward cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC. They demonstrated lowest 3ES with distinct intraligand transition nature, which is beneficial for singlet oxygen generation. Remarkable quantum yields of both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion under either 808 nm laser irradiation or ultrasonic treatment and could induce apoptosis and ferroptosis of A549R cells. Cytotoxicity experiments clearly demonstrated a synergistic effect between PDT and SDT. The relationship between the structures of these complexes and their cellular biological mechanisms has been explored in detail. Using a single‐molecule sensitizer to achieve synergistic PDT/SDT may provide valuable insights for the treatment of drug‐resistant tumors that located deeply and in hypoxic microenvironment.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa post kidney transplant
Authors: Cabeza Rivera Franco , Ortigosa Serrano Veronica A. , Medina Adriana M. , Esmail Rojin
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare dermatological condition caused by a virus that predominantly affects immunosuppressed individuals. In this patient population, including organ transplant recipients, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for possible infectious causes of persistent dermatologic conditions. Early diagnosis can facilitate treatment and help avoid disease progression and complications.
Navigating the Diagnostic and Management Challenges of Suspected Cardiac Amyloidosis in Resource‐Limited Settings: Ethiopia Experience
Authors: Markos Sura , Belete Yegzeru , Bikamo Betre , Ataro Demelash
Published: November 2024

This report discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities encountered in resource‐limited environments when assessing patients suspected of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). The study describes a case involving a patient who initially presented with heart failure symptoms and eventually received a CA diagnosis after 13 months and four primary physician visits, primarily based on discrepancies observed between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, alongside elevated cardiac troponin levels. The case underscores the limited awareness of CA among primary healthcare providers in Ethiopia, contributing to a higher likelihood of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment approaches. Additionally, the report discusses the specific challenges associated with diagnosing and managing CA patients. It advocates for essential resources such as heightened clinical suspicion, proficiency in recognizing the characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic indicators of CA, and prompt referral to cardiologists.
Multivalent Amine Functionalized Carbon Dots Catalyze Efficient Denitrosylation
Authors: Solra Manju , Das Sourav , Nayak Suman , Srivastava Abhay , Kapila Rohit , Chaudhury Smarak I. , Rana Subinoy
Published: November 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule with several biological functions and holds great promise in biomedical applications. However, NO delivery strategies have been challenged with its inherent short half‐life and limited transport distance in human tissues. Strategies focused on the catalytic production of NO at the target site would afford an effective biomaterial. Herein, we introduce a carbon dot (CD) platform featuring multivalent amine groups that catalyze the denitrosylation from S‐nitrosothiols. In the present study, we have developed a novel multivalent amine functionalized carbon dots to catalytically transform endogenous prodrugs S‐nitrosothiols to generate NO at physiological conditions. The mechanism of NO generation follows a nucleophilic attack of the surface primary amine groups on the electrophilic thiol group of S‐nitrosothiols, which is supported by various control studies and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Notably, the release of NO is easily tuned by the prodrug concentration and surface density of amines on the CDs. Significantly, the NO‐releasing feature of CDs is integrated with the prototissue module to evaluate the NO release profile in the biological environment. This study will deepen our understanding of designing useful multivalent systems to generate NO from endogenous prodrugs to realize their therapeutic potential.
Electrocatalytic Performance and Kinetic Behavior of Anion‐Intercalated Borate‐Based NiFe LDH in Alkaline OER
Authors: Berger Maike , Markus Alexandra , Palkovits Stefan , Palkovits Regina
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of hydrogen via water electrolysis is an important step towards resolving the energy crisis and impeding global warming, as hydrogen can be used as a green energy carrier. The oxygen evolution as one half‐cell reaction (OER) is currently limiting efficient water splitting due to kinetic inhibition as well as a complex mechanism, causing a large overpotential. Nickel‐iron layered double hydroxides (LDH) were found to be suitable OER catalysts, as they are cost effective, stable and highly active. This work focuses on the intercalation of different organic and inorganic borates into the LDH interlayers to study their influence on OER. Besides activity and stability measurements, three borate candidates were chosen for a kinetic study, including steady‐state Tafel analysis and reaction order plots. It was found that the Bockris pathway with the second step as rate‐determining step was predominant for all three catalysts. Of all candidates, the intercalation of borate resulted in the highest performance, which was associated with a high reducibility affecting the active metal sites.
Mathematical modelling of essential oil supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from chamomile flowers
Authors: Sliczniuk Oliwer , Oinas Pekka
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the supercritical extraction process of essential oil from chamomile flowers. Essential oils of chamomile are used extensively for medicinal purposes. Many different chamomile products have been developed, the most popular of which is herbal tea. In this study, a mathematical model is formulated that describes the governing mass transfer phenomena in a solid–fluid environment under supercritical conditions using carbon dioxide. The concept of quasi‐one‐dimensional flow is applied to reduce the number of spatial dimensions. The flow of carbon dioxide is assumed to be uniform across any cross‐section, although the area available for the fluid phase can vary along the extractor. The physical properties of the solvent are estimated based on the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Model parameters, including the partition factor, internal diffusion coefficient, and decaying factor, were determined through maximum likelihood estimation based on experimental data assuming normally distributed errors. The model parameters were combined to obtain a set of correlations. The generalized process model is capable of reproducing the dataset with satisfactory accuracy.
A Quantum‐Inspired Source‐Distributed Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Reliable Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chenthil T. R. , Balachandran G. , Ranjith S. , Sakthivel E.
Published: November 2024

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) play a pivotal role in various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to disaster prevention, necessitating robust and efficient communication protocols tailored to the challenging underwater environment. This paper introduces the Quantum‐Inspired Void‐Based Source Distributed Opportunistic Routing Protocol (QIVSORP) to address the inherent limitations of classical routing protocols in UWSNs. Motivated by the unique challenges posed by underwater conditions, QIVSORP leverages principles from quantum mechanics to enhance routing efficiency. The protocol employs a source‐distributed approach, utilizing quantum entanglement, superposition, and opportunistic routing strategies to enable adaptive and reliable data transmission in underwater scenarios. QIVSORP incorporates void‐based forwarding, adaptive decision‐making, and multipath routing to dynamically adjust routing decisions based on real‐time network conditions. The protocol's source‐informed decisions and opportunistic forwarding contribute to the adaptability and reliability of communication in dynamic underwater environments. QIVSORP achieves outstanding performance metrics: maintaining a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 98.9% with 50 nodes and 80% with 400 nodes, reducing end‐to‐end delays to 12 ms at 50 nodes, 15 ms at 100 nodes, and 52 ms at 600 nodes, and demonstrating energy efficiency ranging from 0.2 to 200 J per delivered packet across varying node densities. These results highlight the QIVSORP's capability to optimize communication in dynamic underwater environments effectively.
Elucidating ‘Transfer‐Lithiation’ from Graphite to Si within Composite Anodes during Pre‐Lithiation and Regular Charging
Authors: Frankenstein Lars , Jan Glomb Pascal , Mohrhardt Marvin , Böckmann Steffen , Focks Leon , Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Placke Tobias , Ryan Hansen Michael , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: November 2024

Si‐based anodes can increase specific energy and energy density of Li ion batteries. However, the volume‐induced material stress and capacity loss necessitates only a partial Si utilization within composite anodes, typically with state‐of‐the‐art graphite, so called Si/Gr composites. In this work, various Si nanowires (SiNWs), a promising Si architecture for these composites, are investigated and modified via pre‐lithiation. Though, charged pre‐lithiated anodes show potentials below 0 V vs. Li|Li+ in the initial cycles, they do not show indications for metallic Li, which is likely a hint for a triggered surface Li depletion in course of a continuous “transfer‐lithiation” from lithiated Gr to Si, which is indicated by decreasing LiC6 and increasing LixSiy signals via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as well as shifts in capacities of respective voltage plateaus during discharge after storage. A relevant contribution of self‐discharge is unlikely as shown by a stable open‐circuit‐voltage during storage in charged state and similar subsequent discharge capacities, being consequently a hint for an intra‐electrode capacity shift. The process of transfer lithiation is finally validated via solid‐state 7Li NMR for varied Si morphology, i. e., amorphous and crystalline, as well as during pre‐lithiation with passivated lithium metal powder (PLMP).
ClearLLab 10C reagents panel can be applied to analyze paucicellular samples by flow cytometry
Authors: Kajstura Małgorzata , LaBarge Tia , Evans Andrew G.
Published: November 2024

The FDA‐approved ClearLLab 10C Reagents Panel (Beckman Coulter) simplified the diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas by flow cytometry. However, the requirement of using 3 × 106 cells/mL cannot be met for paucicellular samples. Therefore, we tested whether this 10‐color panel can be reliably employed to analyze specimens with low cell concentrations. Serial dilutions of 16 samples (5 normal, 11 abnormal), yielding concentrations ranging from 3.0 × 106 to 0.0469 × 106 cells/mL (64‐fold difference), were stained using the B‐cell and T‐cell panels of the ClearLLab 10C system, and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured for each antibody. For each cell dilution, the deviation from the value obtained with the FDA‐approved concentration of 3.0 × 106 cells/mL was calculated. The agreement between the highest and lowest cell concentration data was evaluated by the Bland and Altman method, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses, and linear regression. In all patients, the antigen expression pattern was similar at all cell concentrations tested, and the mean deviation of the MFI from the value obtained using 3.0 × 106 cells/mL never exceeded 10% for any of the antibodies. The Bland–Altman method demonstrated the similarity between results obtained with the FDA‐approved cell concentration and a 64‐fold diluted cell suspension, and a high positive correlation was found between MFI acquired under these two conditions. The tests utilizing the lowest density of cells yielded the same patterns of antigen expression in all patients as those performed with the FDA‐approved concentration, documenting a 100% concordance between these two protocols. The ClearLLab 10C panel can reliably determine the expression of markers of leukemias and lymphomas in paucicellular samples containing as little as 0.0469 × 106 cells/mL (64‐fold lower than the FDA‐approved concentration). This finding markedly expands the applicability of the ClearLLab 10C platform in a clinical setting.
A New Quantitative Neuropad for Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Yang Zheng , Zhao Subei , Lv Yuhuan , Xiang Linyu , Zhang Xiaoru , Feng Zhengping , Liu Zhiping , Li Rong
Published: November 2024

Aims

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) often coexists with sudomotor dysfunction, resulting in an increased risk of diabetic foot. This study aimed to explore an efficient method for early diagnosis of DPN by establishing a quantitative Neuropad.

Methods

We recruited 518 patients with type 2 diabetes. Neuropathy Symptoms Score (NSS) combined with Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) was used to assess distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSPN). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity were used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of quantitative Neuropad (the change rate of the chromatic aberration value per minute) and two types of visual Neuropad (visual Neuropad A: whether the time to complete colour change within 10 min, visual Neuropad B: the time to complete colour change) for DPN.

Results

We did not observe very good diagnostic efficacy of Neuropad (visual Neuropad A and B: 0.59 and 0.64, quantitative Neuropad AUROC: 0.62–0.64) when using standard DSPN diagnostic criteria (NDS 6–12 or NDS 3–5 combined with NSS 5–9). When DPN was assessed by NSS + NDS ≥ 4, visual Neuropad B improved the specificity (AUROC 0.72, 67.00%, specificity 71.70%) by extending the detection time compared with visual Neuropad A (AUROC 0.62, sensitivity 81.80%, specificity 41.70%). Quantitative Neuropad significantly improved the diagnostic effect (AUROC 0.81, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 76.3%) and reduced the detection time (4 min).

Conclusions

This study provides a new quantitative Neuropad, which has great potential to be an extremely useful diagnostic tool for early screening of sudomotor dysfunction in the clinical practice.
Forest disturbance shapes habitat selection but not migratory tendency for partially migratory ungulates
Authors: Hayes Teagan A. , Peterson Collin J. , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Bishop Chad J. , Anton Colby B.
Published: November 2024

In forest management settings, disturbance resets forests to earlier successional stages, typically improving forage conditions for mule deer. Examining how forest disturbance influences mule deer behavior is important for guiding forest and wildlife management. We used GPS collar data collected between 2017 and 2019 from 136 adult female mule deer in three populations throughout western Montana, United States, to investigate how disturbance from burns (wildfire and prescribed fire) and timber harvest influenced three aspects of space‐use behaviors: (1) probability of migration from winter range to summer range, (2) home range (second‐order) selection by migrants on summer range, and (3) within‐home range (third‐order) selection. We hypothesized that deer would maximize use of disturbances during summer for nutritional benefits, predicting that deer with higher proportionate disturbance in their winter home range would be less likely to migrate away from those disturbances during summer. We predicted that migrants would select disturbances at the second and third orders. We found that proportionate disturbance in winter home ranges had no effect on the probability of migration. Among migrants, deer generally selected burns, timber harvests, and open‐canopy habitat at the second order in all study areas, with particularly strong selection for 6‐ to 15‐year‐old disturbances. At population levels, selection for disturbances ceased at the third order. At individual levels, however, third‐order selection for burns increased with availability, whereas selection for harvests decreased, suggesting burns may satisfy more resource needs than harvests. Our results emphasize how space‐use fidelity constrains mule deer habitat selection. During summer, adherence to migratory strategies constrains the habitat available for second‐order selection, preventing deer from exploiting disturbances that would otherwise be available had they remained resident in wintering areas. Second‐order selection then determines disturbance availability within home ranges, affecting third‐order behaviors. Although variance in selection behaviors among individuals was high, population‐level patterns were remarkably similar among study areas, suggesting these responses may be generalizable to mule deer throughout the northern Rocky Mountains. Forest management practices like timber harvest, prescribed burns, and wildfire management within higher elevation areas of summer range used by migrants could yield the greatest nutritional benefits for mule deer.
A Self‐Powered and Self‐Absorbing Wireless Sensor Node for Smart Grid
Authors: Zhou Qiqi , Zhang Zutao , Xia Xiaofeng , Li Yingjie , He Linyang , Liu Genshuo , Kong Weihua , Yi Minyi
Published: November 2024

The health monitoring of electricity transmission systems has been increasingly attracting the scientific community's attention, especially those power transmission towers built in remote and deserted areas. The smart grid provides a realistic solution to the health monitoring problem, but there is a problem that the energy supplies are still constrained by batteries. This article proposes a novel vibration energy harvester to address the power supply challenges of auxiliary equipment mounted on electricity towers or transmission lines. The proposed harvester not only harvests vibration energy when working but also attenuates the vibration amplitude of the transmission line. The structure of the device comprises three modules: a module for capturing vibration, a module for motion conversion, and a power management module. The analytical response under sinusoidal and random excitation is investigated, and the performance of energy harvesting and the effect on vibration is tested. The prototype achieves a maximum power of 183.96 mW when tested using the servo hydraulic mechanical testing and sensing system, and the wireless data transmission experiment proves the power generation ability of the prototype. The experimental results show that the acceleration of the transmission line decreases when the prototype is working.
Identification of Floral Fragrance Components in 20 Intersectional Hybrids of Paeonia in Luoyang Region
Authors: Niu Tongfei , Ma Huili , Tan Zhanxiang , Yu Min , Wei Dongfeng , Guo Lili , Hou Xiaogai
Published: November 2024

Intersectional hybrids of Paeonia (Paeonia Itoh hybrids) have rich colours and strong fragrance, combining the advantages of sect. Moutan and sect. Paeonia, and have great economic value and development potential. However, there have been few studies on the floral fragrance components of intersectional hybrids of Paeonia. In this study, the types and contents of volatile components of 20 intersectional hybrids of Paeonia were conducted. A total of 53 floral volatiles were identified though gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, with linalool, nonanal and phenylethyl alcohol as the main floral components. Based on the compound contents and odour activity values (OAVs) analysis, the 20 cultivars were classified into four aroma types: a floral scent, a fresh floral scent, a floral with spicy scent and a fruity scent. ‘Magical Mystery Tour’ had the highest volatile compound contents and OAVs, and had potential for exploitation. This study provided a theoretical reference for the selection of parents for flower fragrance breeding of Paeonia Itoh hybrids.
A Time‐Space Dual Adaptive Uncoupled Method for Supersonic Combustion
Authors: Wu Junjie , Xu Xun , Zhang Xuke , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2024

High computational complexity due to rapidly increasing numerical stiffness is a difficult problem for simulating a supersonic reactive flow by using the uncoupled method. On the basis of our previous work, this paper proposes a dual adaptive method to ensure high calculation efficiency and good robustness in simulating stiff cases. The principle of this method is to realize adaptive coordination for the advection and reaction time steps in accordance with the non‐uniform feature of stiffness in the space and time dimensions. The proposed method can advance by a small time step in strong stiffness while with a large one in weak stiffness through the “prediction‐correction‐recovery” strategy. Some classical problems are chosen to verify the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method improved the computation efficiency by at least comparing with the previous method [1] and widened the error tolerance of the initial time step.
Vector SHAP Values for Machine Learning Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Eun Choi Ji , Won Shin Ji , Wan Shin Dong
Published: November 2024

We propose a new vector SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to interpret machine learning models for forecasting time series using lags of predictor variables. Unlike the standard SHAP measuring the contribution of each lag of each predictor variable, the proposed vector SHAP measures the contribution of the vector of the lags of each variable. The vector SHAP has an advantage of faster computation over the standard SHAP. Some desirable properties of the vector SHAP (vector local accuracy, vector missingness, and vector consistency) are established. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that the vector SHAP has a much faster computing time than the SHAP; the difference of the standard SHAP and the vector SHAP is small; the sampling SHAP is sensitive to the sampling proportion in a range of practical application; the vector SHAP mitigates the sensitivity issue. The vector SHAP is applied to the realized volatility of world major stock price indices of 16 countries for forecasting the realized volatility of South Korea stock price index, KOSPI. Further vectoring by regions of Europe, North America, and Asia yields vector SHAP value for each region which is very close to the sum of vector SHAP values of the countries of the region, illustrating usefulness of the strategy of vectoring.
Bioactive compounds from New Zealand's native edible plants: Their role in future functional foods
Authors: Rashidinejad Ali
Published: November 2024

This commentary discusses the significant role of bioactive compounds found in New Zealand's native edible plants in the development of functional foods. It begins by highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids) present in these plants, which exhibit various health‐promoting properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Although some are yet to be scientifically investigated, several common native edible plants are identified in New Zealand, each with unique bioactive compounds contributing to their health benefits. Examples include kawakawa, horopito, manuka, koromiko, and pūhā, among others. These plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be incorporated into functional foods to enhance their health‐promoting properties. The paper emphasizes the potential of these bioactive compounds to be integrated into food formulations to create functional foods with enhanced health benefits. It discusses the growing market for functional foods globally and in New Zealand, particularly in the context of increasing consumer demand for healthier options. Despite the promising outlook, this work acknowledges challenges facing the functional foods industry, such as consumer acceptance of new ingredients, regulatory compliance, and sustainability concerns. Moreover, this commentary underscores the ethical and sustainable use of New Zealand's native plants, emphasizing the importance of respecting Māori cultural values and obtaining consent from the Māori community for their use. The article concludes with a call for further research and development in this area while stressing the importance of ethical and sustainable practices in utilizing these resources, particularly in collaboration with the Māori community.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis to Evaluate the Effects of Chitosan on Obesity Indicators
Authors: Kholdebarin Mona , Pahlavani Naseh , Nikbaf‐Shandiz Mahlagha , Mosallaei Halle , Rasaei Niloufar , Khalse Zeinab , Aali Yasaman , Asbaghi Omid , Zamanian Ali , Shiraseb Farideh
Published: November 2024

Chitosan, a commonly used dietary supplement, is believed to have the potential to decrease body weight by binding to dietary fats and decreasing their absorption. However, due to conflicting results from various studies, this review aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity indicators in adults. To find appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a thorough search was conducted across electronic databases like PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. The random‐effects method was employed to combine the data, and the outcomes were presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 19 RCTs with 21 effect sizes were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined analysis showed that chitosan supplementation significantly reduced body weight (WMD = −0.79 kg; 95% CI, −1.30 to −0.29; p = 0.002) and body‐fat percentage (BFP) (WMD = −0.41%; 95% CI, −0.50 to −0.32; p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a notable increase in fat‐free mass (FFM) (WMD = 0.20 kg; 95% CI, 0.06–0.34; p = 0.005). However, no significant impact of chitosan on body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −0.35 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.71, 0.00; p = 0.054) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −0.71 cm, 95% CI: −1.49, 0.05; p = 0.069) was observed. Overall, chitosan supplementation shows promise in improving obesity indicators by reducing BFP and increasing FFM. However, further well‐designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
All the single cells: Single‐cell transcriptomics/epigenomics experimental design and analysis considerations for glial biologists
Authors: Prater Katherine E. , Lin Kevin Z.
Published: November 2024

Single‐cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other ‘omics applied at single‐cell resolution can significantly advance hypotheses and understanding of glial biology. Omics technologies are revealing a large and growing number of new glial cell subtypes, defined by their gene expression profile. These subtypes have significant implications for understanding glial cell function, cell–cell communications, and glia‐specific changes between homeostasis and conditions such as neurological disease. For many, the training in how to analyze, interpret, and understand these large datasets has been through reading and understanding literature from other fields like biostatistics. Here, we provide a primer for glial biologists on experimental design and analysis of single‐cell RNA‐seq datasets. Our goal is to further the understanding of why decisions are made about datasets and to enhance biologists’ ability to interpret and critique their work and the work of others. We review the steps involved in single‐cell analysis with a focus on decision points and particular notes for glia. The goal of this primer is to ensure that single‐cell ‘omics experiments continue to advance glial biology in a rigorous and replicable way.