bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity Induction in A549 Alveolar Epithelial Cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Cultured in the Presence and Absence of Oxygen
Authors: Olubisi T. Ashiru  , A. Willem Sturm
Published: February 2015

Background: The emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and studies on clinical isolates of drug resistant M. tuberculosis highlight the need to obtain additional valuable information on this organism. In this study, we report on M. tuberculosis clinical isolates and laboratory strain induced cytotoxicity in A549 alveolar epithelial cells in vitro.A549 cells were infected with 15 clinical isolates (members of the Beijing and F15/LAM4/KZN families, as well as isolates with unique DNA fingerprint), and two laboratory strains of M. tuberculosis grown in the presence of oxygen, and absence of oxygen. Lactate dehydrogenase released from A549 cells was quantified after infection to evaluate necrosis.Results:The isolates grown in the absence of oxygen had a higher level of cytotoxicity than those grown in the presence of oxygen. Cytotoxicity levels induced by F15/LAM4/KZN and Beijing isolates grown in the absence of oxygen ranged from 18.4%-35.7% and 17.7%-27.5% respectively. The highest cytotoxicity level (35.7%) was produced by an extensively drug resistant isolate that belonged to the F15/LAM4/KZN family. Growth in the presence of oxygen resulted in lower levels of cytotoxicity, ranging from 14.3%-22.4% by the F15/LAM4/KZN isolates, and 13%-23.3% by the Beijing isolates. Isolates with unique DNA fingerprint induced cytotoxicity levels between 3.5%-8.5% (oxygen) and 5.3%-10.7% (no oxygen). The H37Rv and H37Ra bacilli induced cytotoxicity levels of 3.9% and 2.9% (oxygen) respectively and 5.7% and 3.3% (no oxygen) respectively.Conclusion:These results correlate well with our previous findings on the adhesion and invasion rates of these isolates. The increased tissue destruction induced by the F15/LAM4/KZN isolate compared to the other isolates attest to its virulence and may partly explain the high mortality rates of patients infected with this strain in Kwa Zulu-Natal in 2005.
Jean Genet et l’homosexualité dans la presse étasunienne, 1959-1974
Authors: Jones David Andrew
Published: February 2015

La sexualité libre des personnages de Jean Genet a fait de ses romans des textes clés dans le développement des études queer depuis une vingtaine d’années. Genet a pourtant écrit ces romans pendant les années 1940 et ils ont été publiés en anglais pendant les années 1960. Si l’on connaît la réception contemporaine des oeuvres de Genet comme textes queer, on connaît moins bien leur première réception comme textes avec des thèmes et personnages homosexuels parmi ses lecteurs en Amérique anglophone. Le mouvement homophile en était à ses débuts pendant les années 1950 et 1960 aux États-Unis, et on cherchait des exemples d’homosexualité dans l’histoire et dans la littérature. La lecture de Genet a donc dû compter beaucoup à cette époque pour les premiers hommes et femmes à déclarer ouvertement que leur sexualité ne se conformait pas aux normes. Le journal homophile dans lequel les romans de Genet ont reçu la plus grande attention est One : The Homosexual Viewpoint. La lecture des comptes rendus de ses romans dans One aussi bien que des entretiens et comptes rendus dans la presse à plus grande diffusion nous permettra de comprendre l’importance de Genet comme auteur de l’homosexualité pendant la période où l’idée d’une identité homosexuelle était en train de se former.
Uterus Transplant in Women With Absolute Uterine-Factor Infertility
Authors: Testa Giuliano , McKenna Greg J. , Wall Anji , Bayer Johanna , Gregg Anthony R. , Warren Ann Marie , Lee Seung Hee S. , Martinez Eric , Gupta Amar , Gunby Robert , Johannesson Liza
Published: August 2024

Importance

Uterus transplant in women with absolute uterine-factor infertility offers the possibility of carrying their own pregnancy.

Objective

To determine whether uterus transplant is feasible and safe and results in births of healthy infants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A case series including 20 participants with uterine-factor infertility and at least 1 functioning ovary who underwent uterus transplant in a large US tertiary care center between September 14, 2016, and August 23, 2019.

Intervention

The uterus transplant (from 18 living donors and 2 deceased donors) was surgically placed in an orthotopic position with vascular anastomoses to the external iliac vessels. Participants received immunosuppression until the transplanted uterus was removed following 1 or 2 live births or after graft failure.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Uterus graft survival and subsequent live births.

Results

Of 20 participants (median age, 30 years [range, 20-36]; 2 Asian, 1 Black, and 16 White), 14 (70%) had a successful uterus allograft; all 14 recipients gave birth to at least 1 live-born infant. Eleven of 20 recipients had at least 1 complication. Maternal and/or obstetrical complications occurred in 50% of the successful pregnancies, with the most common being gestational hypertension (2 [14%]), cervical insufficiency (2 [14%]), and preterm labor (2 [14%]). Among the 16 live-born infants, there were no congenital malformations. Four of 18 living donors had grade 3 complications.

Conclusions and Relevance

Uterus transplant was technically feasible and was associated with a high live birth rate following successful graft survival. Adverse events were common, with medical and surgical risks affecting recipients as well as donors. Congenital abnormalities and developmental delays have not occurred to date in the live-born children.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02656550
The Pathology of US Health Care—The Example of Weight Loss Medications
Authors: Cutler David M.
Published: August 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the cost of newly approved weight loss medications in the US compared with other countries and provides arguments for why these medications should be more available for individuals in the US and covered by more insurers.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Household Firearm Ownership
Authors: Testa Alexander , Fu Karyn , Jackson Dylan B. , Semenza Daniel C. , McKay Sandra
Published: August 2024

This survey study examines exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood and likelihood of gun ownership in adulthood.
Evolution of obligate asexuality in termites with mixed‐sex societies
Authors: Yashiro Toshihisa
Published: August 2024

Males are a ubiquitous feature of animals and play crucial roles beyond the contribution of gametes in some species (e.g., paternal care for offspring and nuptial gifts for females). In termites, colonies commonly consist of both male and female reproductives, workers, and soldiers (i.e., mixed‐sex societies), where males and females both play critical roles beyond reproduction (e.g., brood care, foraging, nest construction and maintenance, and colony defense). Male‐specific roles may also exist in termite colonies. While obligate asexuality had not been observed in any termite population until recently, all‐female asexual populations of the termite Glyptotermes nakajimai were reported in 2018. This was the first and only known case of evolutionary transition from mixed‐sex to all‐female asexual societies in animals. Here, asexual reproduction in termites is first reviewed, followed by a discussion of how and why G. nakajimai evolved obligate asexuality. The study of the evolution of obligate asexuality in termites with mixed‐sex societies is important because it may enhance our understanding of the significance of males in animal societies and populations.
T cell Dissimilarities in B Cell Activating Factor–Deficient Versus B Cell Activating Factor Receptor 3–Deficient Systemic Lupus Erythematosus‐Prone NZM 2328 Mice as Contributors to Their Divergent Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Stohl William , Wu Ying , Stohl Malka
Published: August 2024

Objective

We assessed the contributions of B cell and T cell subsets to the disparate clinical outcomes in NZM.Baff−/− and NZM.Br3−/− mice.

Methods

We assessed in NZM wild‐type, NZM.Baff−/−, and NZM.Br3−/− mice numbers and percentages of B cells and subsets, T cells and subsets, and in vivo proliferation and survival of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Relationships between percentages of Foxp3+ cells and numbers of CD19+ and CD4+ cells were assessed by linear regressions.

Results

In each age and sex cohort, percentages and numbers of CD19+ cells were similar in NZM.Baff−/− and NZM.Br3−/− mice. Percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells were greater in NZM.Br3−/− than in NZM.Baff−/− mice, with the CD4 to CD3 cell ratios being greater in NZM.Br3−/− than in NZM.Baff−/− mice and percentages of Foxp3+ cells in NZM.Br3−/− mice being lower than in NZM.Baff−/− mice. Percentages of Foxp3+ cells correlated positively with CD19+ cells in NZM.Baff−/− mice but negatively in NZM.Br3−/− mice. In vivo proliferation and survival of Foxp3+ cells were lower in NZM.Baff−/− mice than in NZM.Br3−/− mice.

Conclusion

Differences between NZM.Baff−/− and NZM.Br3−/− mice in Foxp3+ cells and their relationships with CD19+ cells may have more to do with their divergent clinical outcomes than do differences in numbers of B cells. These unexpected findings suggest that B cell activating factor (BAFF)–B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) or BAFF–Transmembrane activator and calcium‐modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) interactions may help drive development of clinical systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) even under conditions of considerable B cell depletion. Insufficient blocking of BAFF–BCMA and BAFF–TACI interactions may lie at the heart of incomplete clinical response to BAFF‐targeting agents in human SLE.
Nanopores‐templated CNT/PDMS Microcolumn Substrate for the Fabrication of Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Sensors to Monitor Human Pulse and Blood Pressure
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yao Chuanjie , Xu Xingyuan , Liu Zhibo , Liu Zhengjie , Sun Tiancheng , Huang Shuang , Huang Xinshuo , Farah Shady , Shi Peng , Chen Hui‐jiuan , Xie Xi
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases, which cause ≈10 million deaths annually, underscored the importance of effective blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Traditional devices, however, faced limitations that hindered the adoption of continuous monitoring technologies. Flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) sensors, known for their rapid response, high sensitivity, and cost‐effectiveness, presented a promising alternative. Enhancing their ability to capture weak biological signals can be achieved by optimizing the material's friction coefficient and expanding the effective contact area. In this work, a flexible microcolumn‐based TENG sensor with high sensitivity is developed by fabricating microcolumns of carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS) composites on porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes using template etching and integrating these with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. With the enhancement of microcolumn structure, the sensor possessed high sensitivity and good response, enabling it to effectively and accurately detect subtle physiological changes such as radial pulses and fingertip pulsations, with pulse wave signals highly consistent with the interbeat intervals of electrocardiograms. Leveraging these capabilities, a non‐invasive dynamic BP monitoring system capable of continuous beat‐to‐beat BP monitoring is developed. This advancement enables easier and more effective health monitoring, empowering individuals to better manage their health and improve personalized medical care.
Lightweight ViT with Multiscale Feature Fusion for Driving Risk Rating Warning System
Authors: Tang Hao , Xu Xixi , Xu Haiyang , Liu Shuang , Ji Jie , Qiu Chengqun , Shen Yujie
Published: August 2024

Addressing the issue of inadequate dynamic object detection accuracy in current road driving warning systems, this study proposes the RepBF‐YOLOv8 detection algorithm aimed at efficient risk identification. The backbone network of YOLOv8n is replaced with the lightweight RepViT architecture, which is more suitable for visual tasks. This replacement simplifies the traditional structure, reduces the complexity of the backbone network, maximizes performance enhancement, and minimizes latency. Additionally, the FPN in the neck section is upgraded to Bi‐FPN, which reduces nodes and span connections and incorporates rapid normalization to achieve fast multi‐scale feature fusion. For risk grading, the algorithm infers distances and collision times, categorizing detected objects into high, medium, and low‐risk levels, and uses different colors to warn the driver. Comparative experimental results show that the optimized algorithm improves Precision by 1.7%, Recall by 2.3%, mAP@0.5 by 1.53%, and mAP@0.5:0.95 by 2.91%. In road tests, the risk warning system achieves a frame detection rate ranging from a minimum of 38.4 fps to a maximum of 59.0 fps. The detection confidence for various objects remains above 0.71, reaching as high as 0.98. Specifically, the “Car” confidence ranges from 0.81 to 0.98, demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of vehicle risk detection.
Discovery of Potent Degraders of the Dengue Virus Envelope Protein
Authors: Li Zhengnian , Liu Han‐Yuan , He Zhixiang , Chakravarty Antara , Golden Ryan P. , Jiang Zixuan , You Inchul , Yue Hong , Donovan Katherine A. , Du Guangyan , Che Jianwei , Tse Jason , Che Isaac , Lu Wenchao , Fischer Eric S. , Zhang Tinghu , Gray Nathanael S. , Yang Priscilla L.
Published: August 2024

Targeted protein degradation has been widely adopted as a new approach to eliminate both established and previously recalcitrant therapeutic targets. Here, it is reported that the development of small molecule degraders of the envelope (E) protein of dengue virus. Two classes of bivalent E‐degraders are developed by linking two previously reported E‐binding small molecules, GNF‐2, and CVM‐2‐12‐2, to a glutarimide‐based recruiter of the CRL4CRBN ligase to effect proteosome‐mediated degradation of the E protein. ZXH‐2‐107 (based on GNF‐2) is an E‐degrader with ABL inhibitory activity while ZXH‐8‐004 (based on CVM‐2‐12‐2) is a selective and potent E‐degrader. These two compounds provide proof of concept that difficult‐to‐drug targets such as a viral envelope protein can be effectively eliminated using a bivalent degrader and provide starting points for the future development of a new class of direct‐acting antiviral drugs.
Freedom dreaming in carceral spaces: Youth care workers' imagined alternatives to anti‐Black racism in residential facilities
Authors: Nalani Andrew
Published: August 2024

Although youth–adult partnerships (Y‐APs) have been linked to a wide range of positive youth and community outcomes, the possibility of Y‐AP occurrence in spaces of racialized social control such as youth residential facilities remains unknown. Rooted in a social justice and rights‐based ethos, Y‐APs represent an innovative conceptual and practice model of youth engagement that challenges longstanding patterns of control that characterize adult‐youth relationships in these settings. This study uses narrative thematic inquiry and counter storytelling to examine frontline youth care workers' narratives (N = 21) of Y‐AP enactment against the backdrop of anti‐Black racism in youth residential facilities. Workers' narratives include instances of both enhanced and diminished forms of partnership, and explanations for Y‐AP diminishment depict an interplay of racist (anti‐Black) ideologies and organizational processes, including selective racial cognizance in hiring practices, color‐evasive and elitist training, and racialized blame‐shifting. Importantly, workers' narratives suggest that although flourishing Y‐APs remain elusive, it is not a foregone conclusion that Y‐APs cannot occur to realize youth development and social change in these extreme contexts.
Screening fluoreszenter RNA‐Methyltransferase‐Sonden im Nanomolmaßstab ermöglicht die Entdeckung von METTL1‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Meidner J. Laurenz , Frey Ariane F. , Zimmermann Robert A. , Sabin Mark O. , Nidoieva Zarina , Weldert Annabelle C. , Hoba Sabrina N. , Krone Mackenzie W. , Barthels Fabian
Published: August 2024

Die Methylierung von RNA ist ein Stoffwechselprozess, der für seine Verbindung zu verschiedenen Krankheiten bekannt geworden ist. Darum gewinnen RNA‐Methyltransferasen (MTasen) in der Arzneistoffentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die gängigsten RNA‐MTase‐Assays sind jedoch in ihrem Durchsatz begrenzt, was die Entwicklung im dynamischen Forschungsfeld der medizinischen Chemie verlangsamt. In dieser Studie präsentieren wir ein modulares Synthesesystem im Nanomolmaßstab, dass die Identifizierung maßgeschneiderter, fluoreszenter MTase‐Sonden ermöglicht, um eine breite Auswahl von MTasen für fluoreszenzbasierte Bindungsassays zu erschließen. Die Sondenkandidaten wurden zunächst im 4‐Nanomolmaßstab synthetisiert und konnten direkt aus der unbehandelten Reaktionsmischung getestet werden, um eine schnelle Identifizierung von optimierten Sonden zu ermöglichen. Mithilfe einer Alkin‐Azid‐Click‐Funktionalisierungsstrategie und einer in silico protein databank (PDB) Suche haben wir eine Auswahl fluoreszenter Sonden entwickelt, die für krankheitsassoziierte MTasen aus den METTL‐ und NSUN‐Familien sowie für weitere bakterielle und virale MTasen Eignung zeigen. Basierend auf diesem Konzept wurden bei einem Hochdurchsatz‐Screening des bisher unerforschten Wirkstoffziels METTL1 drei Trefferverbindungen mit mikromolarer Wirkpotenz entdeckt, die einen vielversprechenden Ausgangspunkt für die Erforschung von künftigen METTL1‐Wirkstoffen darstellen.
Photoinduced Asymmetric Alkene Aminohetarylation with Chiral Sulfoximine Reagents
Authors: Cao Zhu , Sun Yuqian , Chen Yasu , Zhu Chen
Published: August 2024

Given the pivotal role of β‐(het)arylethylamine moiety in bioactive molecules, the direct amino(het)arylation of alkenes occupies a privileged position in the construction of (het)arylethylamine derivatives. Herein we devise chiral sulfoximines as novel bifunctional reagents which exhibit remarkable efficiency in the challenging asymmetric alkene aminohetarylation reaction, particularly in terms of reactivity and stereo‐control. The chiral reagents can be conveniently accessed in gram scale, and efficiently generate N‐centered radicals under mild photochemical conditions. The transformation proceeds through enantioselective 1,4‐hetaryl migration, ensuring precise chirality transfer from sulfur‐ to carbon‐centers, rendering wide applicability to both aromatic and aliphatic alkenes. Furthermore, the method is straightforward to operate and does not require transition metals or photosensitizers, making it an attractive and practical option.
Long‐Term and Continuous Plasmonic Oligonucleotide Monitoring Enabled by Regeneration Approach
Authors: Saateh Abtin , Ansaryan Saeid , Gao Jiarui , de Miranda Livio Oliveira , Zijlstra Peter , Altug Hatice
Published: August 2024

The demand for continuous monitoring of biochemical markers for diagnostic purposes is increasing as it overcomes the limitations of traditional intermittent measurements. This study introduces a method for long‐term, continuous plasmonic biosensing of oligonucleotides with high temporal resolution. Our method is based on a regeneration‐based reversibility approach that ensures rapid reversibility in less than 1 minute, allowing the sensor to fully reset after each measurement. We investigated label‐free and AuNP enhancements for different dynamic ranges and sensitivities, achieving a limit of detection down to pM levels. We developed a regeneration‐based reversibility approach for continuous biosensing, optimizing buffer conditions using the Taguchi method to achieve rapid, consistent reversibility, ensuring reliable performance for long‐term monitoring. We detected oligonucleotides in buffered and complex solutions, including undiluted and unfiltered human serum, for up to 100 sampling cycles in a day. Moreover, we showed the long‐term stability of the sensor for monitoring capabilities in buffered solutions and human serum, with minimal signal value drift and excellent sensor reversibility for up to 9 days. Our method opens the door to new prospects in continuous biosensing by providing insights beyond intermittent measurements for numerous analytical and diagnostic applications.
25.71 %‐Efficiency FACsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by A Thiourea‐based Isomer
Authors: Li Yong , Duan Yuwei , Feng Jiangshan , Sun Yiqiao , Wang Ke , Li Hongxiang , Wang Huaxin , Zang Zhigang , Zhou Hui , Xu Dongfang , Wu Meizi , Li Yongzhe , Xie Zhuang , Liu Zexia , Huang Jingyu , Yao Yao , Peng Qiang , Fan Qunping , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike
Published: August 2024

Various isomers have been developed to regulate the morphology and reduce defects in state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To insight the structure‐function‐effect correlations for the isomerization of thiourea derivatives on the performance of the PSCs, we developed two thiourea derivatives [(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)amino]thiourea (AT) and N‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (HB). Supported by experimental and calculated results, it was found that AT can bind with undercoordinated Pb2+ defect through synergistic interaction between N1 and C=S group with a defect formation energy of 1.818 eV, which is much higher than that from the synergistic interaction between two −NH− groups in HB and perovskite (1.015 eV). Moreover, the stronger interaction between AT and Pb2+ regulates the crystallization process of perovskite film to obtain a high‐quality perovskite film with high crystallinity, large grain size, and low defect density. Consequently, the AT‐treated FACsPbI3 device engenders an efficiency of 25.71 % (certified as 24.66 %), which is greatly higher than control (23.74 %) and HB‐treated FACsPbI3 devices (25.05 %). The resultant device exhibits a remarkable stability for maintaining 91.0 % and 95.2 % of its initial efficiency after aging 2000 h in air condition or tracking at maximum power point for 1000 h, respectively.
Rewritable Surface‐Grafted Polymer Brushes with Dynamic Covalent Linkages
Authors: Cui Feichen , Zhang Yipeng , Sui Yang , Chen Hongwen , Helms Brett A. , Yan Jiajun
Published: August 2024

Surface grafting of polymer brushes drastically modifies surface properties, including wettability, compatibility, responsiveness, etc. A broad variety of functionalities can be introduced to the surface via different types of polymers. Bringing together properties of two or more types of polymer brushes to one surface opens up even more possibilities in brush‐modified materials. However, while it is generally feasible to introduce several chemical compositions along the brushes via copolymerization, it is challenging to vary the types of polymer brushes along a surface. Although previous studies have demonstrated binary brushes via orthogonal polymerization techniques or partial deactivation/regrafting, they commonly limit the number of polymer types to two. Here, we propose a strategy to introduce dynamic covalent diketoenamine linkages at the root of polymer brushes. The grafting density could be precisely tuned during surface functionalization. The surface‐anchored polymer brushes were cleaved by the addition of small molecule amines. New polymer brushes can be regrafted from the surface following refunctionalization of exposed sites. The maneuverability allows tuning of the types and densities of the polymer brushes, pointing the way to the preparation of a new generation of well‐defined brush‐modified materials with mixed grafts, with potential applications in the design of smart materials and surfaces.
Sulfate Derivatives with Heteroleptic Tetrahedra: New Deep‐Ultraviolet Birefringent Materials in which Weak Interactions Modulate Functional Module Ordering
Authors: Zhou Huan , Cheng Meng , Chu Dongdong , Liu Xu , An Ran , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: August 2024

Deep‐ultraviolet (UV) birefringent materials are urgently needed to facilitate light polarization in deep‐UV lithography. Maximizing anisotropy by regulating the alignment of functional modules is essential for improving the linear optical performance of birefringent materials. In this work, we proposed a strategy to design deep‐UV birefringent materials that achieve functional module ordering via weak interactions. Following this strategy, four compounds CN4H7SO3CF3, CN4H7SO3CH3, C(NH2)3SO3CH3, and C(NH2)3SO3CF3 were identified as high‐performance candidates for deep‐UV birefringent materials. The millimeter‐sized crystals of CN4H7SO3CF3, CN4H7SO3CH3, and C(NH2)3SO3CH3 were grown, and the transmittance spectra show that their cutoff edges are below 200 nm. CN4H7SO3CF3 exhibits the largest birefringence (0.149 @ 546 nm, 0.395 @ 200 nm) in the deep‐UV region among reported sulfates and sulfate derivatives. It reveals that the hydrogen bond can modulate the module ordering of the heteroleptic tetrahedra and planar π‐conjugated cations, thus greatly enhancing the birefringence. Our study not only discovers new deep‐UV birefringent materials but also provides an upgraded strategy for optimizing optical anisotropy to achieve efficient birefringence.
Homogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogenative PHIP Used in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Huynh Mai T. , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: August 2024

At present, two competing hyperpolarization (HP) techniques, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and parahydrogen (para‐H2) induced polarization (PHIP), can generate sufficiently high liquid state 13C signal enhancement for in vivo studies. PHIP utilizes the singlet spin state of para‐H2 to create non‐equilibrium spin populations. In hydrogenative PHIP, para‐H2 is irreversibly added to unsaturated precursors, typically in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst. The hydrogenation catalyst plays a crucial role in converting the singlet spin order of para‐H2 into detectable nuclear polarization. Currently, rhodium(I) bisphosphine complexes are the most widely employed catalysts for PHIP, capable of catalyzing the addition of para‐H2 to unsaturated precursors in organic solvents or aqueous media, depending on the ligand. Chiral catalysts enable the stereoselective production of hyperpolarized substrates. Ruthenium(II) piano stool complexes are capable of trans addition and are used to generate hyperpolarized fumarate. However, these catalysts systems are not optimal, and the greatest source of nuclear spin polarization loss is attributed to the mixing of singlet and triplet states of the protons derived from the para‐H2 during the hydrogenation process. Hence, future efforts should focus on enhancing the efficiency and kinetics of these catalysts.
Dendritic, Water‐Soluble, and Nonaggregated Axially Substituted Silicon Phthalocyanine as Potential Endometrial Anticancer Agent
Authors: Keles Turgut , Seyhan Gökçe , Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Kolci Kübra , Reis Rengin , Barut Burak
Published: August 2024

In this work, dendritic, water‐soluble, and nonaggregated axially substituted silicon phthalocyanines (EA‐TD‐Si and EA‐TD‐SiQ) were synthesized and characterized. Then, the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA damage properties of EA‐TD‐Si and EA‐TD‐SiQ were examined using agarose gel electrophoresis without light irradiation. In addition, the cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of EA‐TD‐Si and EA‐TD‐SiQ on human endometrium adenocarcinoma (HEC‐1B) cells were investigated using an MTT assay. The results indicated that EA‐TD‐SiQ had high photodamage properties via singlet oxygen depending on the light dose, while EA‐TD‐Si did not show any DNA damage without light. In addition, EA‐TD‐SiQ had higher phototoxic effects than EA‐TD‐Si on HEC‐1B cells according to the MTT assay. These results revealed the potential of EA‐TD‐SiQ to be used as a PDT agent in endometrial cancer.
Effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of a biodegradable composite made from lyocell‐fiber reinforced polybutylene adipate terephthalate
Authors: Cordin Michael , Bechtold Thomas , Ngo Trinh‐Tung , Pham Tung
Published: August 2024

Polymer waste in the environment is a more and more serious problem for nature. Therefore, the industry is increasingly interested in the use of materials that are biodegradable. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) belongs to the group of biodegradable polymers, but this polymer often does not have the desired properties for many uses. Therefore, this polymer is often mixed with other biodegradable polymers to form blends with suitable properties. An alternative is, to change the polymer's properties with the addition of fibers. The aim of the present work is to use lyocell fibers to improve the mechanical properties of PBAT. Lyocell is an eco‐friendly cellulose fiber that is biodegradable. The lyocell fibers were embedded into a PBAT matrix in the form of a woven fabric, with different orientations of the fabric warp yarns to the long axis of composites. Consequently, composites with a warp yarn orientation of 0°, ±22.5°, ±45°, ±67.5°, and 90° were prepared. The mechanical properties were characterized by quasi‐static tensile testing and also by dynamic mechanical analysis. The elastic modulus as a function of warp yarn orientation was modeled with the modified rule‐of‐mixture theory and with the theory of elasticity.
Water and Sewer Price and Affordability Trends in the United States, 2017–2023
Authors: Teodoro Manuel P. , Thiele Ryan
Published: August 2024

Key Takeaways

Biennial data from 2017 to 2023 show that water and sewer prices increased substantially, from an average combined monthly price of $79.39 in 2017 to $95.02 in 2023 at 6,200 gallons per month for single‐family residential customers.

Water rate structures became more regressive during that time, with utilities collecting an increasing share of revenue through fixed charges and less revenue through volumetric charges.

Average low‐income affordability in the United States has worsened over the past six years, mainly driven by extreme unaffordability in a small minority of utilities.
Closing US Drinking Water Quality Gaps: The Role of Comprehensive Assessment
Authors: Pierce Gregory , Harrison Grace , Schlichting Lena , Landes Laura
Published: August 2024

Key Takeaways

Community water systems (CWSs) underpin the US water supply network; the 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) made historic investments to improve CWS regulatory compliance.

Recognizing the need for a nationwide assessment of regulatory compliance to inform BIL funding priorities, two policy organization partners released a “Roadmap” report.

The Roadmap projects the needs of such a local system assessment at a national scale and offers solutions; its layered, feasible, and effective recommendations support equitable water access.
Scenario Planning for Water System Emergency Response Strategy
Authors: Knepper Susan
Published: August 2024

Key Takeaways

With water mains dating back to the 1920s in Livonia, Mich., the city's water system faces an increasing risk of failures with each passing year.

The City of Livonia seized the opportunity to develop an enhanced emergency response plan based on America's Water Infrastructure Act, established in 2018.

An engineering consultant developed an interactive emergency response plan dashboard to guide the city through numerous system failure scenarios.
Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 Nanofiber Fillers Reinforced PVDF‐HFP‐Based Bilayer Composite Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Minghua , Liu Wannian , Wu Yixin , Liu Yulong , Wang Yang , Chen Zhen
Published: August 2024

Composite solid‐state electrolytes (CSEs) combining the advantages of polymer and ceramic electrolytes, are regarded as highly promising candidates for solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, selecting appropriate polymer and ceramic materials, along with an effective combination method, is crucial in determining the performance of CSEs. To address the challenges of lithium dendrite inhibition and compatibility with cathodes simultaneously, herein, we have constructed a bilayer CSE based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP). Al/Nb co‐doped Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr1.75Nb0.25O12 (LALZNO) nanofibers prepared by an electrostatic spinning technique, are incorporated as fillers to create high‐throughput Li+ transport pathways and enhance the overall performance of the CSE. Furthermore, polypropylene carbonate is introduced on the anode side of the CSE to enhance the wettability of lithium metal/CSE interface, thus improving the stability of lithium upon cycling. On the cathode side, succinonitrile is added to inhibit the crystallization of PVDF‐HFP and facilitate the fast Li+ transport. Consequently, the Li||Li cells demonstrate stable plating‐stripping performance at 0.1 mA cm−2 for >520 h. In addition, the Li||LiFePO4 full cells show improved cycling and rate performance. This work validates the effectiveness of developing bilayer CSEs and showcases their potential application in SSLMBs.
Metal‐Organic Framework Materials as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Fangqing , Lu Xiaoyi , Shi Chenglong , Sun Zhipeng
Published: August 2024

Rechargeable Zn‐air batteries offer the advantages of environmental friendliness, safety, low prices and high energy density, and are highly valued. However, the major challenge faced by rechargeable Zn‐air batteries nowadays is the low energy efficiency due to the slow reaction kinetics of electrocatalyst at the air cathode. Bifunctional catalysts are key to the development of Zn‐air batteries by improving their overall performance and long‐term cycling stability. Metal‐organic framework (MOF) materials have shown great benefits as oxygen electrocatalysts in promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This paper reviews the recent advances of three kinds of MOF materials as bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries. Additionally, this paper also discusses the synthetic design strategy of MOF composite derivatives, and concludes by suggesting the application of MOF materials in the field of rechargeable Zn‐air batteries.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy prior to nephrectomy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Kiyota Sho , Yoshida Takashi , Nakamoto Takahiro , Jino Eri , Mishima Takao , Kinoshita Hidefumi
Published: August 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) affects 10%–20% of patients annually, often with metastases present. This study evaluated the impact of systemic therapy before nephrectomy in patients with unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients receiving upfront immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy showed significantly improved progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to nephrectomy alone (2‐year PFS: 62.3% vs. 17.4%; p = 0.036), while upfront tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy did not (2‐year PFS: 18.2% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.545). Surgery‐related outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. ICI therapy maintained tumour reduction rates better than TKI therapy. The study highlights the potential benefits of ICI combination therapy over TKI therapy in advanced RCC, suggesting further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Dietary limonene promotes gastrointestinal barrier function via upregulating tight/adherens junction proteins through cannabinoid receptor type‐1 antagonistic mechanism and alters cellular metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Senthil Kumar K. J. , Gokila Vani M. , Dakpa Gyaltsen , Wang Sheng‐Yang
Published: August 2024

Limonene, a dietary monocyclic monoterpene commonly found in citrus fruits and various aromatic plants, has garnered increasing interest as a gastrointestinal protectant. This study aimed to assess the effects of limonene on intestinal epithelial barrier function and investigate the involvement of cannabinoid receptor type‐1 (CB1R) in vitro. Additionally, the study focused on examining the metabolomic changes induced by limonene in the intestinal epithelial cells (Caco‐2). Initial analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) revealed that both l‐limonene and d‐limonene, isomers of limonene, led to a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in TEER in normal cells and those inflamed by pro‐inflammatory cytokines mixture (CytoMix). Furthermore, both types of limonene reduced CytoMix‐induced paracellular permeability, as demonstrated by a decrease in Lucifer yellow flux. Moreover, d‐limonene and l‐limonene treatment increased the expression of tight junction molecules (TJs) such as occludin, claudin‐1, and ZO‐1, at both the transcriptional and translational levels. d‐Limonene upregulates E‐cadherin, a molecule involved in adherens junctions (AJs). Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that d‐limonene and l‐limonene treatment significantly inhibited CB1R at the protein, while the mRNA level remained unchanged. Notably, the inhibitory effect of d‐limonene on CB1R was remarkably similar to that of pharmacological CB1R antagonists, such as rimonabant and ORG27569. d‐limonene also alters Caco‐2 cell metabolites. A substantial reduction in β‐glucose and 2‐succinamate was detected, suggesting limonene may impact intestinal epithelial cells' glucose uptake and glutamate metabolism. These findings suggest that d‐limonene's CB1R antagonistic property could effectively aid in the recovery of intestinal barrier damage, marking it a promising gastrointestinal protectant.
Sustainable procurement practices and female entrepreneurs: Insights from a developing country
Authors: Atarah Bede Akorige , Mustapha Abdul‐Razak , Nyaaba Peter , Damoah Obi Berko O.
Published: August 2024

Sustainable procurement has become a very important aspect of business, with a lot of emphasis on the social, economic and environmental wellbeing of the society in which firms operate. At the same time, female entrepreneurship has attained a very prominent position in various economies, especially those of developing countries, providing a lot of employment to many and contributing significantly to the growth of those countries. However, the contribution of female entrepreneurs to sustainability through their procurement practices has received minimal research especially in the developing country context, leaving us with little or no knowledge at all regarding the sustainable procurement practices of female entrepreneurs in developing economies. This study fills this knowledge gap by qualitatively investigating the dynamics of the adoption of sustainable procurement practices by female entrepreneurs in Ghana. We found that female entrepreneurs in these contexts adopt environment‐related sustainable procurement practices, diversity‐related sustainable procurement practices, safety‐related sustainable procurement practices, and the sustainable procurement practices of purchasing from local and small suppliers. The adoption and implementation of these practices however are not motivated by female entrepreneurs' quest to be sustainable, but their desire to save cost and make profits. Policy implications are also discussed.
The impact of board composition on ESG performance: Comparing results from symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches
Authors: Pinheiro Alan Bandeira , Behm Ana Julia Batistella , do Prado Nágela Bianca , Mazzioni Sady
Published: August 2024

The research aims to examine the impact of board composition on the ESG performance of Latin American companies. 390 companies located in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, between 2016 and 2021, were analyzed. The board size, gender diversity, independence of the members and the duality of the executive director and chairman of the board were used as characteristics of the board of directors. Through symmetrical (panel data regression) and asymmetrical (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis) approaches, the findings showed that larger, more diverse and more independent boards contribute positively to higher ESG performance. The presence of duality in the position of executive director and chairman of the board of directors was not a relevant driver, both for ESG performance and for its dimensions in isolation. This study has important theoretical, managerial and governmental implications.
MHCI trafficking signal‐based mRNA vaccines strengthening immune protection against RNA viruses
Authors: Zhang Yupei , Zhai Songhui , Qin Shugang , Chen Yuting , Chen Kepan , Huang Zhiying , Lan Xing , Luo Yaoyao , Li Guohong , Li Hao , He Xi , Chen Meiwan , Zhang Zhongwei , Peng Xingchen , Jiang Xin , Huang Hai , Song Xiangrong
Published: August 2024

The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) trafficking signal (MITD) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the efficacy of mRNA vaccines. However, there was a lack of research investigating its efficacy in enhancing immune responses to RNA virus infections. Here, we have developed an innovative strategy for the formulation of mRNA vaccines. This approach involved the integration of MITD into the mRNA sequence encoding the virus antigen. Mechanistically, MITD‐based mRNA vaccines can strengthen immune protection by mimicking the dynamic trafficking properties of MHCI molecule and thus expand the memory specific B and T cells. The model MITD‐based mRNA vaccines encoding binding receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 were indeed found to achieve protective duration, optimal storage stability, broad efficacy, and high safety.
A Single Interfacial Point Mutation Rescues Solution Structure Determination of the Complex of HMG‐D with a DNA Bulge
Authors: Hill Guy R. , Yang Ji‐Chun , Easton Laura E. , Cerdan Rachel , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Stott Katherine , Travers Andrew A. , Neuhaus David
Published: August 2024

Broadening of signals from atoms at interfaces can often be a limiting factor in applying solution NMR to the structure determination of complexes. Common contributors to such problems include exchange between free and bound states and the increased molecular weight of complexes relative to the free components, but another cause that can be more difficult to deal with occurs when conformational dynamics within the interface takes place at an intermediate rate on the chemical shift timescale. In this work we show how a carefully chosen mutation in the protein HMG‐D rescued such a situation, making possible high‐resolution structure determination of its complex with a dA2 bulge DNA ligand designed to mimic a natural DNA bend, and thereby revealing a new spatial organization of the complex.
Impact of transcatheter edge to edge repair in functional mitral regurgitation and cardiac resynchronization‐therapy nonresponders
Authors: Abraham Bishoy , Suppah Mustafa , Megaly Michael , Elbanna Mostafa , Kaldas Sara , Alsidawi Said , David Fortuin F. , Sweeney John , Ayoub Chadi , Alkhouli Mohamad , Sell‐Dottin Kristen , Chao Chieh‐Ju , Arsanjani Reza
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite optimal medical therapy and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), significant functional mitral regurgitation (MR) persisted in 30% of the patients and labeled as CRT nonresponders.

Aims

We sought to study the impact of transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) in patients with symptomatic grade III and IV functional MR despite CRT.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who had prior CRT for at least 6 months and underwent TEER for significant residual functional MR (grade ≥3) and symptomatic heart failure (HF) at our institution. The primary outcomes were the change in New York Heart Association classification (NYHA), MR grade, echo parameters, and NT‐ProBNP from baseline to 1‐year post‐procedure.

Results

A total of 28 patients were identified, mean age of 73 ± 6.7 years and 89% males. Procedure success was achieved in all patients. At 1‐year follow‐up, patients had lower MR grade (median 2, IQR 1 [1,2] vs. 4, IQR 1 [3,4]; p < 0.001), NYHA class (median 2, IQR 1 [2,3] vs. 3, IQR 1 [3,4]; p < 0.001), and NT‐ProBNP (7658 ± 11322 vs. 3760 ± 4431; p = 0.035) compared to before the TEER procedure. The left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (255 ± 59 vs. 244 ± 66 mm; p = 0.016) and the right ventricular systolic pressure (52 ± 14 mmHg vs. 37 ± 13 mmHg, <0.001) decreased.

Conclusion

Patients who remain symptomatic after CRT with severe functional MR had improved functional status and MR grade at 1‐year following TEER. There was a signal toward reverse remodeling.
Rational Design of Mesoporous ZnFe2O4@g‐C3N4 Heterojunctions for Environmental Remediation and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Das Suma , Paramanik Swapnamoy , Nair Ranjith G. , Chowdhury Avijit
Published: August 2024

Mesoporous catalysts with a high specific surface area, accessible pore structures, and appropriate band edges are desirable for optimal charge transfer across the interfaces, suppress electron‐hole recombination, and promote redox reactions at the active sites. The present study demonstrates the rational design of mesoporous ZnFe2O4@g‐C3N4 magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with different pore sizes and pore volumes following a combination of facile thermal itching and thermal impregnation methods. The MNCs preserve the structural, morphological, and physical attributes of their counterparts while ensuring their effectiveness and superior catalytic capabilities. The morphological analysis confirms the successful grafting and confinement of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with the polymeric g‐C3N4 nanosheets to form heterojunctions with numerous interfaces. The MNCs possess uniformly distributed small mesopores (pore size <4 nm), ample active sites, and a high specific surface area of 62.50 m2/g. The mesoporous ZnFe2O4@g‐C3N4 notably improve hydrogen evolution rate and methylene blue dye degradation. The optimal loading weight of ZnFe2O4 is 20 %, in which the MNCs display the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 1752 μmol g−1 h−1 and photo‐Fenton dye degradation rate constants of 0.147 min−1, upon solar‐light illumination. Furthermore, the photocatalysts demonstrate recyclability over five consecutive cycles, confirming their stability, while easy separation using a simple magnet underscores practical utility.
Recent Advances in DNA‐Based Nanoprobes for In vivo MiRNA Imaging
Authors: Wang Caixia , Song Xuefang , Shen Jieyu , Xie Yuxin , Ju Huangxian , Liu Ying
Published: August 2024

As a post transcriptional regulator of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNA) is closely related to many major human diseases, especially cancer. Therefore, its precise detection is very important for disease diagnosis and treatment. With the advancement of fluorescent dye and imaging technology, the focus has shifted from in vitro miRNA detection to in vivo miRNA imaging. This concept review summarizes signal amplification strategies including DNAzyme catalytic reaction, hybrid chain reaction (HCR), catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) to enhance detection signal of lowly expressed miRNAs; external stimuli of ultraviolet (UV) light or near‐infrared region (NIR) light, and internal stimuli such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione (GSH), protease and cell membrane protein to prevent nonspecific activation for the avoidance of false positive signal; and the development of fluorescent probes with emission in NIR for in vivo miRNA imaging; as well as rare earth nanoparticle based the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) nanoprobes with excellent tissue penetration and depth for in vivo miRNA imaging. The concept review also indicated current challenges for in vivo miRNA imaging including the dynamic monitoring of miRNA expression change and simultaneous in vivo imaging of multiple miRNAs.