bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Performance of a Quadrotor Biplane Tail-sitter (QBiT)
Authors:   University of Maryland, Phillips Brandyn , Hrishikeshavan Vikram , Chopra Inderjit
Published: September 2024

To meet the performance demands of modern UAV operations, hybrid air vehicles that incorporate the speed and efficiency of fixed wing vehicles and the VTOL capabilities of rotorcraft have come to the forefront. This paper presents work being done to expand the performance of one such hybrid air vehicle, the quadrotor biplane. This vehicle takes flight in tail-sitter configuration and uses differential thrust vectors to pitch forward into forward flight configuration. This control method does not require conventional control surfaces, therefor making the system mechanically simple. The vehicle design and its package delivery functionality have been validated experimentally, in both hover and forward flight. Flight data was collected demonstrating the decreased power consumption in forward flight mode. Next, wind tunnel studies were conducted to explore measures to improve vehicle performance. Wind tunnel testing with variable pitch proprotors demonstrated a marked advantage over fixed pitch propellers at high airspeeds. To minimize drag and thus further improve vehicle performance, two different approaches to favorably modify lift distribution on the wings were considered. The method evaluated the effects of rotor spin direction and placement along the span. The second approach explored the implementation of various boxed wing geometries. Experimental results from the boxed wing wind tunnel test demonstrated that the coefficient of lift (CL) could be increased by up to 50% with a NACA 0005 box wing at Reynolds number (Re) of 108,000. The wing-propeller wind tunnel testing showed that having the rotors further outboard improved performance for the higher Reynolds numbers tested (Re of 60,000-100,000). Additionally, a significant increase in the CL was observed when the propeller direction was switched from inwardly rotating to outwardly rotating at Re = 100,000.
Aerodynamic Optimization of a Small UAS Rotor for a Mission with Hover and Forward-Flight Segments
Authors:   U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Beals Nathan
Published: September 2024

Aerodynamic optimizations of small rotors for use on a quadrotor vehicle are presented using both axial and forward flight blade element momentum theory to calculate the vehicle performance over a typical intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) mission. Total energy required is minimized by allowing the rotor chord distribution, twist distribution, and hover rotational speed to vary subject to several geometric and performance constraints. The global minimum of the objective function is found using the non-gradient-based genetic algorithm NSGA-II. The main design case is a typical ISR mission consisting of a one kilometer forward flight segment at four meters per second, a five minute hover segment, and another one kilometer forward flight segment at four meters per second. Rotors are optimized for several maximum allowable chord values and compared to previous optimization results of rotors optimized for a hover mission. Both the hover condition and forward flight condition limits of the objective function are examined using rotor optimizations. Results show that compared to a hover-optimized rotor, the ISR-optimized rotor performs the ISR mission using three and one-half percent less total energy, while constraining the maximum allowable chord length during the ISR optimization resulted in up to a nine and one-half percent energy penalty compared to the unconstrained case.
A Handling Qualities Oriented Approach to Rotorcraft Conceptual Design
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Gerosa Giacomo , Zanoni Andrea , Panza Simone , Masarati Pierangelo , Lovera Marco
Published: September 2024

This work lays the foundations for a rotorcraft design tool that includes the study of handling qualities during the conceptual design stage. Results from NDARC, a conceptual design software developed by NASA, are used to build a flight mechanics model augmented with a simplified flight control system. Handling qualities are evaluated for the resulting rotorcraft design; the results are used to influence the rotorcraft re-design until the desired requirements are met. The design tool is implemented into a general and versatile environment, able to account for different rotorcraft architectures and to host innovative features. An example is the automatic generation of the rotorcraft model meant for coupling the conceptual design tool with a flight simulator in support of subjective handling qualities evaluation.
Design Optimization of a Rotor Blade for a Variable Pitch Quadrotor Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Gadekar Ramdas , Abhishek Abhishek , Kothari Mangal
Published: September 2024

This paper describes design optimization of a rotor blade for variable pitch quadrotor unmanned air vehicle (UAV) to ensure optimal performance in hover and forward flight. In order to optimize the blade profile to maximize hover power loading, a modified Blade Element Theory based analysis is developed and validated using experimental measurements for sets of symmetric-untwisted rectangular blade and cambered-twisted variable chord blade. The blade twist and chord distribution is parametrized using fifth order polynomial functions and the BEMT analysis is coupled to Matlab optmization toolbox to maximize the power loading for an operational thrust of approximately 3N. It is observed that use of rotor blade with non-linear twist and non-linear chord variation results in significant improvement in hover performance for the variable pitch quadrotor UAV. The optimized blade profile and chord distribution with GOE-744 airfoil gives approximately 4% higher power loading than the COTS cambered and twisted blade and 17% higher power loading than the untwisted rectangular blade with symmetric airfoil. The forward flight performance of the optimized blades is compared with the baseline blades using a Blade Element Theory and Drees inflow model based trim analysis. It is observed that the optimized blade profile doesn't incur any significant penalty during forward flight due to high twist and its performance is similar to that of untwisted blade.
Leonardo Helicopters Active Rotor Programmes To Improve Helicopter Comfort and Performance
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Stacey Simon , Connolly Neil , Court Peter , Allen Jack , Monteggia Claudio , Oliveros Juan
Published: September 2024

This Paper provides the first comprehensive description of full scale demonstrator activities currently under way in Leonardo Helicopters. Two distinct technology strands are outlined, an active Gurney flap intended to address performance enhancement and active trailing edge flaps intended to address vibration control. Passive blade design constraints and the ability of active technology to overcome these constraints are discussed. The derivation of the two demonstrator rotor design's configuration and construction is reviewed. The required control algorithm development is outlined. A system hardware outline is provided together with a brief overview of actuation system options. The development of design loads for both rotor types is discussed, touching on challenging nature of minimizing conservatism in this new area. The construction of the two rotor types is reviewed, with explanations of the modifications employed to the baseline AW139 rotor blade. The Paper concludes with an outline of the flight trials content and preliminary estimates of system effectiveness in the target parameters of vibration control and performance.
Aircraft Electrical Wiring Organization - Key to an Autonomous AI
Authors:   United Aircraft Technologies Inc., Rhysing Daryian
Published: September 2024

An essential component for the advancement of autonomous flight lies in the development of an intelligent routing system designed to facilitate the maintenance and troubleshooting of electrical wiring. Utilizing software with the capability to present routed paths in a computer-aided design (CAD) format allows for a detailed representation of the rules governing the layout of wiring around structural supports and distribution channels. Despite this, three-dimensional (3D) methodologies have yet to fully incorporate critical data related to the characterization of individual wiring signals, hindering automatic routing. This paper underscores a competitive edge that can be achieved by expanding 3D capabilities to accurately depict the current state of wiring signals in terms of temperature, humidity, electromagnetic frequency, amperage, and other relevant factors. Achieving this involves integrating a non-intrusive smart sensing technology with the intelligent routing system to monitor and diagnose the health and integrity of the wiring system. With this integration, a more robust artificial intelligence (AI) system can leverage the obtained data to make more precise decisions, enhancing overall system performance.
Framework for Real-Time Closed-Loop Simulation of Advanced Rotorcraft Configurations Using Comprehensive Flight Dynamics Models
Authors:   San Jose State University, Padthe Ashwani ,   Science and Technology Corporation, Sridharan Ananth ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, J. Mark , Glover Emily , Berger Tom
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a real-time closed-loop rotorcraft simulation framework using HeliUM-A, a high-fidelity flight dynamics analysis, and a Simulink® -based flight control system model. Serial optimization and parallel computing techniques are introduced in HeliUM-A to achieve real-time speeds. A customized ordinary differential equation solver with parallel load balancing enables accelerated time marching simulations. Software interfaces are introduced to encapsulate HeliUM-A into a Level-2 S-function Simulink® block. Using standardized Simulink® ports, control inputs, rotor/body states and their time derivatives as well as relevant output quantities are communicated in-memory between Simulink® and HeliUM-A for closed-loop execution. This encapsulation retains the parallel computing improvements in HeliUM-A when executed through MATLAB, Simulink® or through the compiled executable automatically generated by the Simulink Coder. The framework is demonstrated on a coaxial compound scout helicopter with a pusher-propeller. Closed-loop vehicle and rotor responses are compared between two flight dynamics models: a stitched simulation model based on linearized models extracted from HeliUM-A, and the original HeliUM-A model. Time domain and frequency sweep comparisons showed excellent agreement between the stitched and nonlinear HeliUM-A models demonstrating that the new HeliUM-A based closed-loop framework shows expected behaviour. The HeliUM-A bare airframe model can be used to simulate various rotorcraft configurations in edge-of-the-envelope flight conditions, whereas the stitched models are accurate for center-of-the-envelope conditions.
The Dirigible Helicopter: Korean-American Inventor Young Ha Koun's Ambitious attempt to Make Aircraft Survivable in the Event of Loss of Control
Authors:   Future iNCITE!, Cowels C.
Published: September 2024

Revealed in 1941, the Dirigible Helicopter or 'Koun's Craft,' was an ambitious but ill-fated fusion of convertiplane and lighter-than-air technology. This S/VTOL (Short/Vertical Take Off and Landing) concept (a veritable puzzle of diverse airplane parts) was powered by a single, tilting propeller engine and was affixed with wing mounted, helium filled enclosures for additional buoyancy. Dismissed historically as being an eccentric folly of its layman inventor, Korean-American Young Ha Koun, the development of the Dirigible Helicopter has never been thoroughly studied. This paper will examine the origins of this unique design, its creator's possible motivations for building such an aircraft, and successor convertiplane concepts that attempt to achieve the same purpose to this day.
Inflow Model Effects on Propeller Whirl Flutter
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Gali Sai ,   University of Michigan, Chang Jasmine , Riso Cristina , Cesnik Carlos
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates inflow model effects on propeller whirl flutter focusing on a propeller-nacelle test case from classical whirl flutter theory. The model is implemented into the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System framework considering two approaches to capture the inflow on the propeller disk: a uniform inflow model and the viscous vortex particle method. The whirl flutter speed for each inflow model is predicted by extrapolating damping values estimated from free decays. Parametric analyses assess how the inflow model impacts the results for various propeller angular velocities and solidity. The viscous vortex particle method yields a higher whirl flutter speed than the uniform inflow model, and the difference widens with the propeller angular velocity and solidity. While the uniform inflow model generally predicts the same whirl flutter speed for a given solidity, the viscous vortex particle method captures differences between varying the number of blades and the blade chord.
Coarse Parallelization of RCAS Supporting Multi-Rotor and eVTOL Configurations
Authors:   Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Inc., Saberi Hossein ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Yeo Hyeonsoo , Kessels Pepijn , Taheri Mina
Published: September 2024

Effective development of emerging vertical lift solutions, including eVTOL and hybrid-propulsion configurations, demands efficient and accurate analysis tools. Due to similarities between conventional rotorcraft and eVTOL configurations, many of the critical technologies needed for analysis of eVTOL are available in existing rotorcraft comprehensive analysis tools. However, unique features of eVTOL configurations pose challenges that limit the accuracy and efficiency of existing analysis codes. In this paper we present a coarse parallelization strategy applied to RCAS that significantly reduces the computation time of multi-rotor and eVTOL configurations. Verification has been performed for trim and maneuver analysis for various aerodynamic inflow models, including Viscous Vortex Particle Method (VVPM) and CFD coupling. Linearization, eigenanalysis and modal reduction were part of the stability analysis verification. A feature to automatically generate parallel RCAS setup files from a standard RCAS script was developed in GRCAS (GUI version of RCAS) for ease of use. Additionally, a new parallel processing window was added to GRCAS to facilitate executing and monitoring paralellized models.
Estimation of Height-Velocity Dual Engine Failure Diagram for a Twin-Engine Helicopter through Simulated Pilot-in-the-Loop Manoeuvres
Authors:   Leonardo Helicopters, Rovedatti Giulia , Marguerettaz Paolo , Battaini Francesco , Renier Bram , Ragazzi Andrea
Published: September 2024

As per certification requirements, for a large rotorcraft that does not meet the Category A requirements, the Height-Velocity (HV) avoid region must be determined in total power failure condition. The development of a digital twin representative of the real rotorcraft behaviour allows to reduce flight testing hours and to increase flight tests safety, especially in such critical conditions, thus decreasing risks and costs. In this work, an extensive simulation activity has been carried out to generate HV charts for a medium twin-engine helicopter in case of loss of both engines. An in-house software that emulates pilot logics has been exploited, coupled with a Flightlab model representative of the rotorcraft and validated against flight data. Manoeuvres performed after a dual engine failure were simulated starting from an all engine operative hover out of ground effect (HOGE) and in ground effect (HIGE) or level flight condition until landing, in a grid of heights and velocities and for different weights and altitudes combinations. Sensitivity analyses on the parameters that affect the manoeuvres the most have been performed and the effects of the assumptions and requirements at touchdown on the HV avoid region investigated.
UrbanAdvanced Air Mobility Interactional Aerodynamic Modeling for Flight Mechanics Applications
Authors:   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Keller Jeffrey , Sharma Abhinav , Theron Jean-Pierre , M. Robert
Published: September 2024

Flight mechanics modeling and real-time simulation of rotorcraft have many challenges including the aerodynamics and dynamics of the rotor system, rotor inflow, and wake-airframe interactions. Furthermore, interactional aerodynamic effects are difficult to characterize, in particular during early configuration down-selection. Rotorcraft configurations under consideration for advanced air mobility applications are trending toward designs with coaxial rotor systems and multiple distributed propellers / rotors in close-proximity with one another and the airframe. This proximity leads to strong coupling between the rotor inflow and lifting surfaces (e.g., tiltwing and lift+cruise urban air mobility concepts). This paper describes recent work toward the development of a general-purpose modeling framework for flight mechanics analysis and simulation of rotorcraft and aircraft configurations proposed for advanced air mobility applications. This modeling framework was developed for assessment of aircraft ride qualities during urban flight operations; however, the focus of this paper is on the modeling framework development and application. Model validation with experimental data is another focus, examining scaled model data and flight test results.
Analytical and Experimental Structural Load Variability in the UH-60A Airloads Program
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Viall Wesley ,   The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Fahimi Farbod , Shotorban Babak
Published: September 2024

A framework for statistical comparison between analytical and experimental structural loads has been developed and applied to approximately 100 counters within the UH-60A Airloads test program. This framework relies on established structural load variability methods with novel applications to analytical structural load development maneuver time transient analysis. The analytical results are from Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) spanwise structural loads developed with hub load and spanwise aerodynamic loads prescribed. RCAS consistently under predicted the Coefficient of Variation (COV) associated with spanwise Normal bending when compared to flight data. This resulted in significant scale factors required to achieve a μ+2σ reliability for structural load development. RCAS results for Edgewise bending scale factors proved slightly better than Normal bending in addition to more even over / under prediction of COV when compared to flight data.
Sliding-Window Matrix Pencil Method for Whirl Flutter Bifurcation Analysis
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Warren Theodore , Riso Cristina
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates a sliding-window matrix pencil method for predicting flutter points and limit-cycle oscillation amplitudes of nonlinear aeroelastic systems that experience whirl flutter. The approach applies the matrix pencil method to a short time window that slides along the free decay of a quantity of interest, quantifying the variation in the system's recovery rate to equilibrium with amplitude. The recovery rates at each amplitude and various forward speeds are extrapolated to predict the critical forward speed of zero recovery rate at those amplitudes. This process yields a set of limit-cycle oscillation solutions that can be visualized as a bifurcation diagram. The approach is demonstrated using output data from transient simulations of a propeller-nacelle test case with hardening structural nonlinearities. The impact of each parameter in the sliding-window matrix pencil method is first characterized via sensitivity analyses. Next, the bifurcation diagram is predicted using the recovery rates for the optimal parameter values. The results are compared with direct time marching and with the extrapolation of recovery rates estimated from envelope functions. The proposed method accurately captures the bifurcation diagram using two pre-flutter transient simulations with no need for envelope functions. This approach shows promise for output-based bifurcation analysis of nonlinear aeroelastic systems exhibiting limit-cycle oscillations associated with whirl flutter.
Gross Weight, CG Position, and Rotor Flapping Prediction for a Compound Helicopter using Machine Learning
Authors:   North Carolina State University, Halder Anubhav ,   Wisk Aero, Makkar Gaurav , Gandhi Farhan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the use of machine learning (ML) models to estimate the gross weight (GW), the longitudinal position of the center of gravity (CGx), and 1/rev cyclic flapping angles (β1c and β1s) of a compound helicopter with three redundant controls - main rotor RPM, collective propeller thrust, and stabilator angle. Neural Network (NN), Gaussian Process for Regression (GPR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are employed to develop estimation models using supervised training. The airspeed, redundant controls, main rotor controls, aircraft attitudes, and main rotor torque are selected as input variables (predictors) to the models due to their accessibility through the aircraft Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS). The dataset is split into low-speed and high-speed regimes to compare the prediction accuracy and training cost of separate regime models against a combined full-regime model. Separate airspeed regime GPR models showed superior performance in GW estimation, with higher accuracy and cost-effectiveness compared to a single full-regime model. For CG estimation, GPR again outperformed NN and SVM, although the maximum outlier errors increase significantly if a 95% confidence interval is considered. Finally, for 1/rev cyclic flapping angle predictions, SVM estimations, though not superior to GPR or NN, were acceptable and had a significantly lower computational cost. The study also examined the importance of predictors, highlighting that, on average, certain predictors like rotor RPM and rotor torque are less influential, but their removal degraded performance and had no cost benefit.
The impact of public procurement on delivery of quality education in Queensburgh secondary schools, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Authors: Ngcobo Gabriel L. , Conradie Hendrik F.
Published: September 2024

Background: The South African government is faced with the challenge of expediting the provision of basic services while at the same time complying with public sector procurement regulations. The adherence to regulations results in delays in the provision of infrastructure for public schools.Aim: The article seeks to assess the impact of public procurement processes on service delivery with regard to the provision of infrastructure to public schools.Setting: The article focusses on secondary schools in Queensburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: The article employed a qualitative research method and primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with eight Public Works officials and eight contractors that conduct business with the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Public Works (DPW). Purposive sampling had been utilised to identify participants.Results: The article revealed that procurement processes profoundly impact the speed and quality of infrastructural delivery, and in many cases negatively, with delays being experienced.Conclusion: The study showed that the procurement processes affect the delivery of infrastructure in public schools.Contribution: This can assist the South African government in designing procurement in a manner that will expedite service delivery. This is not only going to assist in the provision of schools’ infrastructure in Queensburgh area but should also become a blueprint to eliminate backlogs and delays in service delivery.
Role of Melatonin in Periodontal Diseases: A Structured Review
Authors: Khalid Waleed , Koppolu Pradeep , Alhulaimi Hassan , Alkhalaf Ahmed H. , Almajid Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and plays a role in regulating circadian rhythm. It influences the physiologic processes, such as the activation of the immune system and the antioxidant function. Melatonin has been reported in the samples of patients with periodontitis. Therefore, the role of melatonin in periodontal diseases must be appraised. Using the strategy of electronic search of various databases, we included studies, published until December 2021, measuring the expression of melatonin in patient samples and evaluating the effect of periodontal therapy on melatonin expression. This review also included studies evaluating the effect of melatonin supplementation on periodontal parameters. In total, 15 articles fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. The results revealed that melatonin is negatively correlated with the severity of periodontal diseases, and melatonin supplementation reduces the levels of periodontal inflammatory parameters. Hence, melatonin has a role in periodontal diseases, but additional studies are warranted to substantiate its use as a biomarker and host modulatory agent.
Analysis of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cervical Cancer Differentially Expressed Genes and Identification of Prognostic Factors using Integrated Bioinformatics Approaches
Authors: Hatefi-Shogae Saba , Emadi-Baygi Modjtaba , Ghaedi-Heydari Rasoul
Published: September 2024

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical cancer progresses through a series of steps. Despite our limited understanding of the mechanisms driving this progression, identifying the key genes involved could significantly improve early detection and treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Two gene expression profiles of GSE9750 and GSE6791, which included cervical cancer HPV-positive and -negative samples, were evaluated using the R limma package with established cut-off criteria of P value < 0.05 and | fold change| ≥ 1. KEGG pathway enrichment was performed to identify potential pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to discover co-expressed gene modules and trait–module connections.

Results:

Considering the defined criteria, 115 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The DEG’s KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in highly relevant pathways to the HPV infection, including cell cycle, viral carcinogenesis, autophagy-animal, Epstein-Barr virus infection, human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and microRNAs in cancer. WGCNA results in 13 co-expression modules, and the magenta module is identified with significant relations to HPV, cervical cancer stage, and metastasis traits. The survival analysis identified BEX1 and CDC45 as potential prognostic factors in HPV-associated cervical cancer.

Conclusion:

The innovation of our work lies in identifying essential genes associated with the multi-step process of cervical carcinogenesis. In fact, the current study has the potential to give a distinct viewpoint on the molecular pathways linked to cervical cancer. Considering the potential importance of the hub genes, we recommend conducting in-depth wet lab research to determine their impact on the biological mechanisms of cervical cancer.
Organophosphate Poisoning: Review of Prognosis and Management
Authors: Zoofaghari Shafeajafar , Maghami-Mehr Asieh , Abdolrazaghnejad Ali
Published: September 2024

The high annual mortality rate of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning indicates that the treatment is mostly ineffective in this regard. It has been suggested to add calcium channel blocking (CCB) drugs or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to normal care to decrease the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the cholinergic synapse. Moreover, the diagnosis of OP poisoning is chiefly based on clinical evidence. Oximes and atropine are the recognized antidotes of OP. However, low-priced medications such as MgSO4 and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), as well as novel adjunct therapies, have been introduced recently. Furthermore, antioxidants are recommended for managing OP poisoning. In addition, hemoperfusion, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and K-oximes are a number of innovative management modalities that deserve further evaluation. However, prevention seems to be the most effective management modality in this respect. Therefore, this study aimed to briefly discuss the controversies in OP poisoning management and present recent advances in its management and prognosis. The results of this study revealed that multiple factors including type of exposure, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plasma level, time of hospitalization, and severity confirming OP poisoning should be considered to provide the best treatment strategy.
Evaluation of MYC Oncogene Expression in Human Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with ACSL4 and Lipin-1 Expression
Authors: Dinarvand Negar , Azizi Reza , Rastaghi Sedighe , Karimi Farzaneh , Sheikhi Abdolkarim , Pourfarzam Morteza
Published: September 2024

Background:

Disturbances in lipid metabolism are one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation play a crucial role in the proliferation, growth, and survival of cancer cells. Several enzymes are involved in lipid metabolism. MYC is an oncogene and plays various regulatory roles in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate MYC expression and its association with the expressions of Lipin-1, ACSL4 (enzymes involved in lipid metabolism), in pairs of breast cancer (BC) and adjacent normal tissues to further understand the MYC influence on metabolic regulation.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-five pairs of samples of BC and noncancerous adjacent tissues were utilized in the present study to analyze MYC, Lipin-1, and ACSL4 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the expression of Lipin-1 and ACSL4 proteins and a number of other clinicopathologically relevant variables were studied employing immunohistochemistry staining.

Results:

MYC expression was substantially higher in BC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, according to our findings. This upregulation was positively correlated with tumor size and stage. Although MYC expression was not correlated with that of ACSL4 and Lipin-1 expression, this may result from the complex metabolic changes that occur when cells become malignant.

Conclusions:

Although further research is required to assess MYC’s impact on tumor metabolic regulation, the correlations seen here between MYC, the pathological stage, and tumor size may indicate its prognostic significance in BC. Hence, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for further studies.
Calprotectin Correlates with Reduced Level of LVEF and Occurrence of Cardiac Arrhythmia in STEMI Patients
Authors: Haybar Habib , Ramezani Babak , Assareh Ahmad Reza , Kardooni Ali , Azizidoost Shirin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Calprotectin is recognized as a promising prognostic as well as a diagnostic marker of cardiac disorders. In the present study, we aimed to survey the efficiency of serum calprotectin levels in anticipating the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) along with in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) underlying primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 97 patients with STEMI participated and were evaluated for in-hospital MACE for possible correlation with serum calprotectin.

Results:

Increased levels of serum calprotectin showed positive and negative correlation with severity of coronary arteries and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of STEMI patients, respectively. Regarding in-hospital MACE, only arrhythmia showed a significant relationship in patients with high calprotectin levels.

Conclusion:

High calprotectin levels may be a prognostic marker for occluded artery and LVEF in STEMI patients.
Motorcycle Wheel Spoke Injury to the Ankle and Foot in Children: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Boubkraoui Mohamed El Mahdi , Rouaghi Hajar , Cherqaoui Yassine , Bjitro Chafik , Aboumaarouf Mustapha , Cherqaoui Abdelmounim
Published: September 2024

Background:

In developing countries, motorcycles are a widespread transportation method, leading to a notable increase in road traffic injuries, particularly those involving the ankle and foot caused by motorcycle wheel spokes.

Aims and Objectives:

Our study sought to understand the epidemiological features and characteristics of motorcycle-induced wheel spoke injuries to the ankle and foot in children. The objectives were to comprehend injury patterns, evaluate their severity and pinpoint clinical indicators predicting injury nature and extent, aiming to guide prevention strategies.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with a retrospective data collection focused on children under the age of 16 years who sustained injuries from motorcycle rear wheel spokes while riding as pillion passengers and were admitted to our department over 11 years, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Soft tissue wounds were classified using the Oestern-Tscherne classification.

Results:

Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. Before 2015, cases ranged from none to one annually, increasing to 2–7 cases per year after 2015. The average age was 6.7 ± 2.1 years. Significantly, more patients were older than 6 years (P < 0.001), injured on the right side (P < 0.001) and suffered the injuries in the afternoon (P < 0.001). All patients were pillion and were injured by the motorcycle’s rear wheel. Twenty-five patients (83%) had a Grade 3 injury. There was a tendon rupture in 22 (73%) and a bone fracture in 15 (50%) patients. Loss of soft tissue (P = 0.036) and reduced ankle mobility (P = 0.046) were linked to tendon ruptures. Lengths of wound exceeding 6 cm (P = 0.025) and loss of soft tissue (P = 0.025) were associated with a bone fracture.

Conclusion:

Children’s motorcycle wheel spoke injuries have increased in recent years. Loss of soft tissue and ankle mobility deficit proved to be reliable clinical signs of a tendon rupture. A wound length exceeding 6 cm and a loss of soft tissue were indicative of a related bone fracture.
Virilising Adrenal Adenoma in Children
Authors: Verma Anjali , Kadian Yogender Singh , Kajal Pradeep , Ali Md Mokarram , Lata Kusum , Verma Surender
Published: September 2024

Tumours of the adrenal cortex are most commonly seen in adults but rare in children. The clinical manifestations depend on the age and sex of patients; about two-thirds of the cases virilisation is the predominant presentation, whereas many presents with both virilisation and cushingoid features. Diagnosis is confirmed by hormonal evaluation and radiological investigations. Surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment. Usually, there is a good prognosis in paediatric patients, whereas the high mortality rate reported in older literature may have been due to big tumour size, post-operative complications and inadequate steroid replacement. Here, we are presenting a series of three cases during childhood with virilising features due to adrenocortical tumours. All of them presented predominantly with features suggestive of virilisation. All patients underwent surgery and had a good outcome despite big tumour size in one of the patients. Histology revealed a benign lesion in the form of adrenal adenoma. Most virilisation and cushingoid features disappeared in the follow-up (median – 1 year). Although these tumours are rare, a high index of suspicion should be kept in children with cushingoid features, virilisation or a combination of both of them. Even if the tumour size is big, adequate steroid replacement and supportive management postoperatively have led to good prognosis in our patients.
The inhibitory effect of type V transforming growth factor-β receptor antagonist on the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts by suppressing insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3-interleukin-6 signaling
Authors: Zhou Boya , Lin Xunxun , Xia Lingling , Gao Zhen , Di Meihua , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Wenbo
Published: September 2024

Background:

Hyperplasia of fibroblasts is critical in keloid pathogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is an important factor in the regulation of cell growth and type V transforming growth factor-β receptor (TβR-V) is a specific receptor of IGFBP3. However, the role of IGFBP3 in keloid development has not been reported.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the role of IGFBP3 in keloid pathogenesis and evaluate the effects of TβR-V antagonist on keloid fibroblasts (KFs) activities.

Methods:

IGFBP3 expression in keloids and its impact on KF proliferation were examined. The effects of TβR-V antagonist on KF cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were also investigated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TβR-V antagonist treated and nontreated KFs were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses.

Results:

IGFBP3 was overexpressed in keloids and could promote KF proliferation. TβR-V antagonist suppressed KFs proliferation, migration, and invasion. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the downregulated DEGs revealed by RNA-seq were significantly enriched in terms related to cell proliferation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified as the only gene interacting with IGFBP3 in the PPI network and was associated with nine hub genes. In vitro assay confirmed the suppression of IL-6 by TβR-V antagonist in KFs.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that TβR-V antagonist could inhibit keloid growth likely through suppressing IGFBP3-IL-6 signaling activation. These findings suggest that targeting TβR-V could be a potential therapeutic strategy for keloid treatment.
Treatment outcomes of root perforations repaired by calcium silicate-based cements with or without an accelerator: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tungputsa Kanyarat , Banomyong Danuchit , Osiri Sittichoke , Sutimuntanakul Supachai
Published: September 2024

Aim:

To compare the clinical outcomes of root perforations repaired using two calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) with or without accelerator in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

The study was designed as a noninferiority, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Forty-six teeth with root perforations were recruited following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Teeth were randomly allocated and treated according to the root-repair material into CSC with accelerator (Bio-MA) and CSC without accelerator (ProRoot® MTA) groups. Treatment outcomes of the perforation site and periradicular area were evaluated from clinical and radiographic examination as healed, healing, or disease, where healed and healing were combined and defined as success. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and noninferiority analyses were used to analyze the outcomes.

Results:

The recall rate was 100% with a median period of 23.5 months. At the perforation site, healed and healing were 90.5% (19/21) and 9.5% (2/21) in the Bio-MA group and 95.7% (22/23) and 4.3% (1/23) in the ProRoot® MTA group; no disease was found in either group. At the periradicular area, the Bio-MA group had 85.7% (18/21) healed and 14.3% (3/21) healing while ProRoot® MTA group had 82.6% (19/23) healed, 13.0% (3/23) healing, and 4.4% (1/23) disease. No significant difference in treatment outcome, either at the perforation site or periradicular area, was found between the groups (P > 0.05). Bio-MA tended to be noninferior in root-perforation repair compared with ProRoot® MTA.

Conclusion:

Treatment outcomes of root perforation repair using CSC with or without accelerator demonstrated similarly high success rates (P > 0.05).
Assessing the impact of the effect of ozone, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, silver diamine fluoride, and hydroxyapatite on remineralization of early carious lesions: An investigation using polarized light microscopic study
Authors: Dhinsa Kavita , Saha Sonali , Ghosh Rangan , Srivastava Shitij , Shekhar Abhinav , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

A popular trend in dental offices, minimal intervention dentistry emphasizes using the least invasive treatments possible to minimize tissue loss and patient discomfort. The earliest indications of dental caries are white spot lesions that can remineralize. Thus, the effects of four different remineralizing agents on early carious lesions were assessed using polarized light microscopy.

Materials and Methods:

Teeth specimens were immersed in demineralizing agents to create subsurface demineralization. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to various remineralization regimens, including ozonated water, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and hydroxyapatite. Each specimen underwent treatment twice daily for 3 min and was then placed in artificial saliva. Mineral content was evaluated at baseline, after demineralization, and during remineralization (on the 7th and 14th day) using a polarized microscopic examination.

Results:

Group 1 demonstrated the most effective remineralization, consistently displaying the lowest lesion depths at both the 7th and 14th days. Post hoc comparisons indicate significant differences between group 1 and other groups, emphasizing the potential superiority of the remineralization process in group 1 compared to the other treatment groups.

Conclusion:

Tooth samples treated with ozonated water, followed by CPP-ACP, SDF, and hydroxyapatite demonstrated a more profound level of remineralization. These agents, namely ozonated water, CPP-ACP, SDF, and hydroxyapatite, prove to be effective in reversing the early stages of enamel caries.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Practice-based learning and improvement, Patient care and procedural skills, Systems-based practice, Medical knowledge.
Ayurveda management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Patil Giramalla S , Chaudhari Swapnil Y.
Published: September 2024

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a complex and challenging Gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that can cause chronic abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. Despite being a global health concern, a definitive treatment for IBS is currently not available. It has a significant effect on health, cost, and quality of life. In Ayurveda, it can be compared with Grahani roga (~disorders of lower GI tract), characterized by Muhurbhaddha-muhurdrava mala pravritti (~formed stools at one moment and another moment loose stools) associated with Udara shoola (~colicky abdominal pain), Adhmana (~abdominal distention), and Dourbalya (~weakness). A 22-year-old male patient reported to the outpatient department with complaints of frequent loose stools with varied consistency, foul smell, gaseous distention of the abdomen, nausea, loss of appetite, generalized weakness, and other associated complaints of reduced sleep and occasional headache since 5 years. The patient was diagnosed with Grahani roga based on the presenting symptoms. Rome IV criteria were used to establish IBS, and the IBS-unclassified was the diagnosis in this case. A combination of Hingwastaka choorna, Jeerakadyarishta, Shilajatwadi louha, Bilwavaleha, Panchamrita parpati, Brahmi vati, and Saraswatarishta were administered for a total period of 4 months along with diet modification, after which, a significant response was observed in the symptoms inferring the impact Ayurveda medicines in managing the pathology.
Management of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (Bahushosha) through customized Ayurvedic approaches: An experience
Authors: Raj Anju S. , Yadava Ramakant , Jyothi Arshath
Published: September 2024

Cervical Spondylotic Amyotrophy (CSA) is a rare clinical syndrome in cervical spondylosis characterized by weakness and atrophy of the upper extremities with no or insignificant sensory deficit or paraparesis in the lower extremities. The clinical presentation of CSA can be correlated with Bahushosha (~wasting of arms), a condition explained under Vataja nanatmaja vikaras (~diseases due only to vitiated Vata). In all the Vataja variety of diseases enumerated, even when the inherent properties of Vata are manifested partially, these are diagnosed and treated as disorders of Vata. The present study is about managing a 46-year-old male patient with difficulty in uplifting both hands associated with weakness, stiffness, and muscle wasting. The patient is presented with Vataja lakshanas (~symptoms of Vata), and Panchakarma therapy was adopted with Vatahara (~pacifies vitiated Vata) and Brimhana (~nourishing) as the line of management, along with Shamana aushadha (~palliative medicines). Significant improvement was observed by the end of the treatment, inferring adopting Ayurveda approaches in the management of such pathologies. The absence of specific therapy for CSA also makes it even more important to consider such approaches that can add quality of life in suffering individuals.
Management of Abhighatajanya janu sandhigata vata with special reference to anterior cruciate ligament tear through Ayurvedic management: A case report
Authors: Sutagatti Kavita B. , Koppad Chinmayi Iranna , Velagapudi Sai Anuhya , Sewalkar Mitali Rajendra , Davalbhai Samiuzzama
Published: September 2024

Individuals like dancers can suffer from knee difficulties and there is no upper age limit for such knee joint-related disorders. During standing, walking, jogging, etc., the complex structure of the knee joint absorbs a lot of stress. Acute injuries to the joint may cause discomfort, swelling, and difficulty moving, which could be signs of a ruptured or broken ligament. The severity of the condition depends on the source of injury and the involved structures. Despite being less severe, some of them will still be uncomfortable and functionally restrictive. The symptoms of Janu sandhigata vata as described in Ayurveda may be correlated with signs and symptoms related to damage to the knee joint. A case where the patient was diagnosed as Abhighatajanya janu sandhigata vata with special reference to anterior cruciate ligament tear was managed by Ayurveda approaches that are presented here. The Ayurveda treatment protocol comprises Tikta ksheera basti (~therapeutic enema), Janu seka (~therapeutic streaming over the knee), Dashanga lepa (~anointment), and Sandhaniya upanaha (~poultice application). The treatment has resulted in significant improvement in the functioning of the affected knee joint. This case has demonstrated the role of Ayurveda treatment protocols and management strategies in such ligament and meniscal injuries, without any surgical intervention.
Ayurvedic management of Schizophrenia (Unmada) – A case report
Authors: Lekshmi J. P. Iswarya , Madhavan Jithesh , Aradan Francis J.
Published: September 2024

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and lack of emotional expression requiring lifelong care and treatment to help people manage their symptoms. Treatment usually involves medications, psychotherapy, and social support. Antipsychotics are the management of choice. In Ayurveda, symptoms of schizophrenia resemble with those explained under Unmada, which is manifested due to derangement of the mind caused by imbalance or vitiation of Doshas. Yuktivyapashraya chikitsa along with Satvavajaya plays an important role in improving the symptoms and thereby the quality of life of patients. This report deals with a case of Schizophrenia, which was diagnosed as Kaphaja pittanubandha unmada according to the diagnostic principles of Ayurveda. A 36-year-old male patient presented with increased anxiety, decreased sleep, and mingling with others and was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Panchakarma procedures including Virechana, Nasya, and Basti along with internal Ayurvedic medicines were given and improvement was noted in symptoms. Scores in the PANSS scale before and after the treatment were 79 and 59, respectively, inferring the importance of Ayurveda management approaches in addressing manifestations like Schizophrenia.