bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor somatotopy impacts imagery strategy success in human intracortical brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Kunigk Nicolas G , Schone Hunter R , Gontier Camille , Hockeimer William , Tortolani Ariana F , Hatsopoulos Nicholas , Downey John , Chase Steven M , Boninger Michael L , Dekleva Brian M , Collinger Jennifer
Published: February 2025

The notion of a somatotopically organized motor cortex, with movements of different body parts being controlled by spatially distinct areas of cortex, is well known. However, recent studies have challenged this notion and suggested a more distributed representation of movement control. This shift in perspective has significant implications, particularly when considering the implantation location of electrode arrays for intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs). We sought to evaluate whether the location of neural recordings from the precentral gyrus, and thus the underlying somatotopy, has any impact on the imagery strategies that can enable successful iBCI control. Three individuals with a spinal cord injury were enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial of an iBCI. Participants had two intracortical microelectrode arrays implanted in the arm and/or hand areas of the precentral gyrus based on presurgical functional imaging. Neural data were recorded while participants attempted to perform movements of the hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder. We found that electrode arrays that were located more medially recorded significantly more activity during attempted proximal arm movements (elbow, shoulder) than did lateral arrays, which captured more activity related to attempted distal arm movements (hand, wrist). We also evaluated the relative contribution from the two arrays implanted in each participant to decoding accuracy during calibration of an iBCI decoder for translation and grasping tasks. For both task types, imagery strategy (e.g., reaching vs. wrist movements) had a significant impact on the relative contributions of each array to decoding. Overall, we found some evidence of broad tuning to arm and hand movements; however, there was a clear bias in the amount of information accessible about each movement type in spatially distinct areas of cortex. These results demonstrate that classical concepts of somatotopy can have real consequences for iBCI use, and highlight the importance of considering somatotopy when planning iBCI implantation.
IGBT loss analysis and junction temperature calculation based on Simulink
Authors: Ma Long , Chen Guochu
Published: February 2025

The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a crucial component in inverter systems, and accurately modeling the IGBT in the Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) simulation of inverters is a key challenge. Based on an electrical model of the IGBT, this paper develops an electro-thermal coupling model for IGBT suitable for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation. An IGBT loss model is established, and junction temperature calculations are performed. For a specific Infineon IGBT model, the simulation results obtained from Infineon’s IPOSIM online simulation platform are compared with offline simulation results generated using a fourth-order Foster thermal model in Matlab/Simulink, verifying the accuracy of the proposed model.
A lyapunov function-based switched control method for power source
Authors: Zheng Ge , Guo Xinyu , Guan Shilei , Yin Hui , Wu Yan
Published: February 2025

Standard power sources have wide applications in fields such as healthcare, measurement and control, education, scientific research, and metrology. This paper proposes a switched control method based on the Lyapunov function for power sources based on digital power amplifiers run as inverters and a new selection method for switching states. Combining the two methods in power sources ensures and improves the system’s stability. In addition, the proposed switching state selection method reduces the computation of the power source system, and the switching loss of IGBTs decreases and is distributed. A MATLAB/Simulink model utilizing the switching state selection method and Lyapunov function is developed, confirming its feasibility.
Study of sliding mode weak magnetic control of built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Jia Yuxin , Liu Weiting , Wei Haifeng , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2025

A single current regulator weak magnet control method is proposed for built-in permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). To enhance the robustness, the method proposes a novel and improved dual-power convergent rate-integrated terminal sliding mode control (ITSMC) in the velocity outer loop of the single current regulator-variable q-axis voltage (SCR-VQV) weak magnet control strategy to replace the conventional PI control. Finally, the weak magnetic capability of the improved weak magnetic control algorithm with stabilized depth is verified on a MATLAB simulation platform.
Low-temperature drift and high-accuracy MEMS pressure sensor with inverted package structure
Authors: Wang Shengqi , Shi Zhou , Han Xiangguang , Zhao Libo , Wang Jiuhong
Published: February 2025

For the application requirements in the temperature range of-40 to 150°C, A pressure sensor with high accuracy and low-temperature drift has been developed by using MEMS (MEMS, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) technology and SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) substrate. The silica isolation of SOI is utilized to address the electrical failure of the force-sensitive chip at elevated temperatures. The ion implantation process was optimized to reduce output drift and accuracy drift of the chip with temperature. The back bottom pressure-bearing flushed package structure is designed, and the glass sintering process is used to reduce the lumen effect and improve the frequency response and anti-interference capability of the sensor. The test results show that the sensor has an accuracy error of ±0.2% of Full Scale (FS) over the temperature range of -40 to 150°C. The sensor displays the thermal sensitivity drift of -0.07% FS and the thermal zero drift of +0.006% FS.
Awareness of Building Information Modelling Incentive Scheme in The Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Lew Y L , Ng C J , Lee W P , Yow L P
Published: February 2025

This research addressed the lag in Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption within the Malaysian Construction Industry by examining BIM incentive schemes. The objectives of this study include the identification of barriers in implementing BIM, identification of the awareness level among local construction industry practitioners towards the BIM and to determine the types of incentive scheme that can encourage implementation of BIM in Malaysian Construction Industry. Questionnaire survey which involving 107 potential and existing BIM users was collected. The findings revealed that significant barriers to BIM implementation included high initial cost, lack of BIM skilled workers, high price of digital tools. The awareness of respondents towards BIM incentives schemes was assessed on Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), more than half of the respondents were found to be unaware about BIM incentive scheme. Among the types of incentives that can encourage BIM implementation, combination of all incentive benefits received the highest mean ranking, followed by moral incentives such as free BIM training and software support. The findings from this study can assist construction professionals, especially potential and existing BIM users, in increasing awareness of incentive schemes for wider BIM adoption within their organizations.
Sustainable Cement Sand Bricks: Utilizing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Cockle Shells as Cement and Sand Replacements for Enhanced Performance and Eco-Efficiency
Authors: Jun C K H , Yassin N I M , Burhanudin M K , Adnan S H
Published: February 2025

Sustainable bricks are vital for eco-efficiency and green building. Their popularity is rising in construction due to raw material shortages, the environmental impact of cement, and sand depletion in brick production. This study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, water absorption, and initial rate of absorption of sustainable bricks made from POFA and cockle shell waste, following American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards for non-load bearing bricks. POFA replaced 10% of the cement, while cockle shells replaced 10%, 20%, and 30% of the sand. The cement/sand ratio was 1:6, and the water/cement ratio was 0.5. Water curing was used for the brick samples. Results indicated that the optimal mix with 10% POFA and 20% cockle shell yielded the highest compressive strengths of 19.2 MPa on day 7 and 27.2 MPa on day 28, while the mix with 10% POFA and 30% cockle shells showed the lowest water absorption at 8.17% and initial absorption rate at 13.40 g/min/193.55 cm² on day 28. In conclusion, POFA and cockle shell waste are promising materials for sustainable brick production.
Optimizing compressive strength of concrete incorporating metakaolin and palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Mansour M A , Ismail M H , Wan Ibrahim M H , Mokhtar N , Alshalif A F
Published: February 2025

Metakaolin (MK) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) were utilized in high strength concrete (HSC) as a partial substitutes for cement, which is responsible for high CO2 emissions. The combined effect of (5-15%) MK and (20-40%) POFA on the compressive strength of HSC was thoroughly examined using response surface methodology (RSM). In particular, central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the compressive strength of ternary blended concrete at 7 and 28 days. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), the developed models demonstrated statistical significance, as evidenced by a level of significance < 0.05 and a high coefficient of determination (R2). The findings suggested that an optimal mixture, incorporating 12-15% MK and 20-27% POFA, could enhance the strength of concrete, meeting the criteria for optimization. The greatest improvement of HSC was achieved with a combination of 14.89% MK and 20.48% POFA. The enhancement of concrete strength was attributed to the pozzolanic reaction and the dense matrix resulting from the synergistic effect of MK and POFA.
Digitization Factor in Improving Planning Application System Delivery Between Local Authority in Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim A K , Aminudin E , Pauzi N N M , Zakaria R , Hamid A R A , Zin R M , Roslan A F , Nasir S R M
Published: February 2025

Digitization significantly enhances the efficiency of project delivery in construction by improving decision-making, collaboration, and integrating advanced technologies like Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Artificial Intelligence. The Malaysian government has been leveraging digital technologies to streamline the planning application process and to reduce approval times. However, challenges remain, as stakeholders have reported negative feedback due to a lack of a holistic approach in critical areas of the planning application system delivery. This study examines the current implementation of planning application process among local authorities in Malaysia and identifying the factors that drive successful digital transformation. The research method, including surveys and interviews, the study identifies four key components crucial for digital planning applications: Leadership and Governance; Administration, Organization, and Management; Human Capacity, Capability, Culture, and Skills; and Infrastructure, Cyber Security, Privacy, and Resilience. Additionally, eight sub-components were identified as essential for improving digital planning application delivery. The findings highlight that while digitization enhances processing times, data accessibility, and stakeholder engagement, challenges like digital literacy and infrastructure gaps persist. This paper suggests a framework to address these challenges and further leverage digital technology in planning application system delivery.
Theoretical Studies: Analysis of the Types of Bricks in the East Java Province Based on the Geographical Location of the Region
Authors: Ichwanto M A , Al Ansyorie M M , Dewi V A K , Debytama G B , Tee Tze Kiong
Published: February 2025

In East Java, several types of bricks are commonly used: red bricks, lime bricks, and light bricks (hebel). This paper wants to analyze and provide other considerations to the public when using bricks, not only in terms of strength, ease of application, and cost but also paying attention to the geographical aspects of an area. This research uses quantitative methods and secondary data. The application and analysis are adopted from [1], who has two main components: data collection and data analysis. Each region in East Java has unique geographical characteristics, with areas with high humidity, high water content, and good fertility because they have volcanoes. That’s why brick types are used in three zones: the north, central, and south. Adopting these three zones is more suitable because they have informed the characteristics of each region in East Java.
Exploring the long-term impact of organic amendments on restored quarry soil microbial communities by shotgun metagenome sequencing.
Authors: Villafuerte Ana. B , Lopez Jorge , Soria Rocío , Comeau André M. , Ortega Raúl , Miralles Isabel
Published: February 2025

In quarries, human extractive activities degrade the soil’s physical and chemical qualities, affecting microbial communities. The application of organic amendments is known to improve the soil’s physical, chemical and biochemical properties, causing short-term changes in taxonomic composition and function of bacterial communities. The objective of this study is to determine the long-term effects of organic amendments applied to degraded quarry soils on the taxonomic composition and function of bacterial communities by shotgun metagenome sequencing (MGS). The study site is located in a limestone quarry in the Sierra de Gádor (SE, Spain). In 2018, five different organic amendments were applied to 15 experimental plots (three replicates per treatment): greenhouse waste compost (COHort), garden waste compost (COVG), WWTP sludge (SS), COHort+SS mixture, COVG+SS mixture and three unamended control plots (CON). Forty Stipa tenacissima L. Kunth plants were planted per plot. Five years after the amendments were applied, rhizosphere soil samples were collected for DNA extraction. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform and data analyzed using a custom Kraken2+MMseqs2 pipeline. Differential abundance tests were performed for important taxa/EC numbers/pathways and comparisons of richness and diversity (Kruskal-Wallis). The most abundant bacterial phyla in all samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Five years after the incorporation of organic amendments, although clustering patterns were observed in the taxonomic distribution, no significant differences in richness and diversity were observed between treatments. This lack of significant differences suggests that after five years the bacterial composition could be influenced by factors such as bacterial dormancy and dispersal, “soil memory” or the influence of the plant on the rhizosphere microbiota. The restoration process seems to lead to a situation where soils present similar composition and diversity in terms of taxonomy, functions and metabolic pathways. This finding has important implications for the understanding of the long-term effects of soil management practices, highlighting the need to investigate the in-depth mechanisms behind this homogenization process.
Impact of soil and water salinity on Deglet Noor dates quality
Authors: Bedjaoui H , Mehaoua MS , Guellai F , Aissaoui D
Published: February 2025

The Ziban region in southeast Algeria is known for its soils, which have varying degrees of salinity, and where the date palm is mainly cultivated. This study aims to highlight the impact of soil and irrigation water salinity on Deglet Noor date quality criteria. Following field surveys in 2022, sampling sites were selected according to the variable degree of salinity observed in ten date palm groves, where the date samples each were collected from adult palms. Various physicochemical analyses were carried out on soil: soil pH (SpH), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), total (TL) and active limestone (AL), on water: water pH (WpH) and water electrical conductivity (WEC), and on dates: date length (DL), date weight (DW); pulp weight (PW), date diameter (DD), water content (WC), date pH (DpH), date electrical conductivity (DEC), total sugar (TS), reducing sugars (RS) and sucrose (S). The quality assessment was made according to the international standards. Our results showed that for irrigation water, the pH was slightly acidic to basic (WpH= 6.83-7.9), and salinity varied from high to extremely saline (WEC= 1.5-8.5ms/cm). The soil was moderately acidic to neutral (SpH=5.96.61), saline to highly saline (SEC= 1.25-3.4ms/cm), and slightly to moderately calcareous with total and active limestone values ranging from 3.82 to 9% and 13.2 to 20% respectively. An important variation was observed in dates morphological (DL: 3.70-4.42cm; DW: 9.01-14.39g; PW: 8.30-13.32g and DD: 1.71-2.13cm) and physicochemical characteristics (DpH: 5.56-6.78; DEC: 1.4-2.4ms/cm; WC: 1338%; TS: 50.6-71.9%; RS: 17.1-48.6% and S: 6.4-46.3%). Also, very strong correlations were evidenced between the characteristics of dates, soil, and water, particularly those related to the morphological traits and sugar nature. Finally, our study linked water and soil quality to date quality, which helps the farmer better decide on the site and cultivation practices before setting up a palm grove.
The effect of microplastics on the variability of functional parameters of available water in loessial soils
Authors: Ebrahimi Soheila , Doulgeris Charalampos , Karimpoor Roghayeh
Published: February 2025

Basic scientific research on microplastics and research paths on their fate in soil and water are essential for the studies of soil pollution in today’s world. However, our current knowledge of microplastics in soil is still not coherent, so it is necessary to create coherence, coordination and multi-faceted targeted studies for the sustainable management of soil ecosystems. In this paper, we examined the effects of soil texture in soils containing different weights of soil microplastics with special focus on water holding capacity. For this purpose, the effect of different weights of polypropylene microplastics, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 grams per kilogram of soil, on the amount of available water of three loess soil textures (silty loam, silty clay, silty clay loam) in a four-month period was evaluated. The experimental results showed the clear effect of microplastics on the water retention capacity in all three loess soil types under study, depending on the soil texture and weight doses of microplastics. The addition of microplastic concentration decreased the water holding capacity of silty clay soil to a greater extent than silty clay loam and silty loam. Thus, it seems that the addition of MPs to soils with higher clay content showed stronger effects on this soil property. This research showed the relationship between soil texture, weight doses of microplastics and soil functional parameters regarding soil water retention that may stimulate new ideas for future research and practical management practices for efficient application of water and fertilizers in agricultural fields of contaminated soils by microplastics.
The 5th Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics (SEACG) 2024: Geophysics Role in Sustainable Energy, Environments, and Mitigation
Authors: Ry Rexha V. , Zulfakriza Z. , Gunawan Indra
Published: February 2025

The Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics (SEACG) is a biannual international event organized by the Department of Geophysical Engineering at the Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia. The vision of SEACG is to serve as an educational and research hub in Southeast Asia to advance high-quality and respected geophysical science and technology at both national and international levels. SEACG events have been successfully held in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022. The proceedings have been published in the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science and are indexed by SCOPUS.

The first (2016) and second (2018) conferences were held offline in Bali, Indonesia, while the third (2020) was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With the end of the pandemic, the fourth (2022) conference was held as a hybrid conference (physical and virtual), live from Bandung, Indonesia. More than 150 participants attended as presenters and audiences.

This year, we proudly invited national and international researchers, academics, practitioners, and students to submit and present their research at the 5th Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics (SEACG) 2024. The conference was held on September 3 and 4, 2024, at the Patra Hotel & Convention in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. Cirebon is a strategic city where ITB is committed to developing a multi-campus (ITB Cirebon Campus) that prioritizes the advancement of research and education, contributing to the socio-economic development of West Java Java.

List of The Organizing Committee, Documentation are available in this pdf.
Novel Approach to Uncertainty Study of Microseismic Hypocentres Using Bootstrap and Monte Carlo Methods in the Patuha Geothermal Field
Authors: Wibowo Djoko Anityo , Delliansyah Rendy , Iskandar Chevy , Nurpratama Istiawan
Published: February 2025

Due to data acquisition and processing limitations, uncertainty is an inherent part of geophysics, which hinders the ability to capture Earth’s complex and variable nature. Geophysicists rely on assumptions, simplifications, homogeneity, and linearity to approximate and understand these natural phenomena, including modeling. Additionally, statistical methods are employed to assess the geophysicist’s probability of understanding these natural phenomena. The statistical method in this study is used to refine human-induced uncertainty derived from seismogram analysis software using Bootstrap and Monte Carlo. The Bootstrap method, a technique involving random sampling, is employed to estimate a new deterministic arrival time and its standard deviation. Subsequently, a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted, generating numerous samples of the latest synthetic dataset based on a Gaussian distribution. A sensitivity analysis is then performed using the hypocentre locating software. This study showcases an innovative approach that uses the uncertainty of a single standard deviation to provide lower X- and Y-axis (distant) errors compared to other uncertainty time windows. Bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods provide standard deviation values after manual picking using seismogram analysis software. Statistically, after the software runs, the uncertainty value is no more sensitive for an error distance lower than or equal to 100 meters. Within this error distance, the difference in the hypocentre location of different uncertainty values is less than 25 meters. Therefore, an error distance lower than or equal to 100 meters has a high confidence level.
Receiver Function Analysis of Mount Rinjani, Lombok
Authors: Romadhoni N. , Zulfakriza
Published: February 2025

Mount Rinjani is volcano located on Lombok Island which is also tectonically active. We estimate the depth of the Moho discontinuity beneath Rinjani Volcano and surrounding areas using receiver function analysis. Seismic stations were used in this study that recordings since 1 August 2018 to 9 September 2018 range of 30° - 90° and 6 – 9 Mw. We used the iterative time deconvolution method to identify the arrival times of the P wave phases, Ps and their multiple phases in the windowing range of -5 seconds before Tp and 25 seconds after Tp. Then, H-K Stacking technique was used to estimate the depth of the Moho profile and the Vp/Vs ratio. The depth of the Moho discontinuity layer and the Vp/Vs ratio values beneath the four seismic stations show that the average Moho depth ranges from 30 – 37,4 km and the Vp / Vs ratio is 1.70 - 1.764.
Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity (Vs) Using Earthquake Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (EHVSR) Method and Cianjur 2022 Aftershock Data
Authors: Pangestu Fernanda Daiva , Verdhora Ry Rexha , Zulfakriza Z. , Lesmana Aditya
Published: February 2025

A magnitude 5.6 earthquake that rocked Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on November 21, 2022, damaged infrastructure and claimed numerous lives. Due to signs of correlated faults in the region, the earthquake occurred at a depth of roughly 10 km. The study uses the Earthquake Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (EHVSR) approach to characterize the subsurface structure of the Cianjur area. EHVSR curves from the noise, S-wave, and coda-wave recording sections were generated by analyzing aftershock recordings from 19 measuring stations. The S-wave section displays results that suggest a thicker soft soil layer with a larger amplitude and a lower dominant frequency when compared to these sections. Nonetheless, the noise recording section curve and the coda wave section curve share a similar form. This resemblance suggests that the waves resonate at almost the same frequency or geological structure and flow similarly in the medium. Data on each measuring station’s S-wave component’s EHVSR curve is collected. A shear wave velocity (VS) profile is obtained by inverting the EHVSR curve. Although there is a small layer of soft soil in some places, Cianjur has a comparatively thick hard soil and soft rock structure, according to the results of the EHVSR curve inversion. The material is still somewhat variable at depths of 30 and 100 meters, showing signs of a less compacted layer beyond 500 meters; however, the material becomes more homogeneous and compacted. At a depth of 1000 m, an increase in VS indicates a denser and harder layer, possibly bedrock. Based on the classification, the study area has medium to hard soil.
Soil Classification Mapping by Vs30 MASW Measurements in Gorontalo City
Authors: Permana Dadang , Widiyantoro Sri , Persada Yoga Dharma , Habibah Nurfani
Published: February 2025

The city of Gorontalo, in the north of Sulawesi Island, has a relatively high potential for earthquake events. This condition is influenced by the meeting of three plates, namely the active subduction zone of the Sulawesi Sea trench, which is subducting to the south, and the Maluku Sea trench (Sangihe Trench), which is subducting to the west. Apart from that, the Gorontalo Fault on land, which is thought to pass through the city of Gorontalo, contributes to the potential danger of earthquakes. Therefore, microzonation studies are needed to analyze site effects in Gorontalo City. To obtain site effect characteristics in Gorontalo City, shallow seismic methods can be applied. In previous research for Sulawesi Island, there was a Vs30 map based on a geomorphological model. The map has a less detailed resolution because it is based on available lithological and topographic maps with limited resolution. In this study, Vs30 measurements were carried out through field geophysical surveys using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method. The MASW survey principle is based on the Rayleigh surface wave propagation theory, where the waves are generated from the interaction of shear waves with the surface soil layer. 130 MASW measurement locations have been used for Gorontalo City to identify soil classifications in the area. The results of Vs30 measurements from a field geophysical survey using the MASW method show conformity with the results of previous research based on geomorphological classification. The spatial mapping results from this research even show a more detailed pattern than the results of previous research. In general, the entire city of Gorontalo mainly in the low land is composed of soft soil with Vs30 values ranging from 131.4 m/s to 173.6 m/s, especially in the area near Lake Limboto, in accordance with the ground formation formed by lake sediments. Apart from that, the area is classified as medium to hard, especially in the southern mountains, with a Vs30 of 1187.5 m/s, which indicates rock as the base of the ground surface.
Machine Learning Utilization for Waveform Denoising and Hypocenter Determination of Microseismic Event at Volcanic Geothermal Field
Authors: Suyadi Dimas Aditya , Zaky Dicky Ahmad , Mujihardi Bambang
Published: February 2025

Microseismic monitoring is essential for evaluating reservoir within volcanic geothermal field. Nevertheless, numerous waveforms with low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) often leads to the inaccurate picking of event arrival time and subsequent hypocenter determination. This study aims to employ machine learning for denoising to improve the SNR and automate the arrival time picking. To address this objective, we utilize python packages called DeepDenoiser and EQTransformer. Additionally, the hypocenter prediction was performed using the GaMMA (Gaussian Mixture Model Associator) function. Our methodology is applied to a dataset comprising 43 days seismic recordings from 11 to 26 dynamic station which is moved after weeks of recording resulting 156 station location at the vicinity volcanic geothermal field. Results indicate significant noise reduction achieved through the machine learning-based denoising process. Furthermore, the number of hypocenters increased, as we obtained 103 events, which is 30% higher than with ordinary processing. In conclusion, the utilization of machine learning techniques shows promise in advancing microseismic data analysis in volcanic geothermal environments. Further evaluation and refinement of these methods could lead to improved monitoring and understanding of reservoir dynamics in such settings.
The GGMPlus Global Gravity Data from the Geophysical Exploration Perspective
Authors: Ananda Riski , Arisbaya Ilham , Grandis Hendra
Published: February 2025

The recently available maps and data provided by the global gravity model with its GGMPlus product are highly praised for their apparent high-resolution characteristics (∼200 m). Researchers, mostly from Indonesia consider that the data from GGMPlus are equivalent to the gravity data in terms of geophysical exploration such that they can be directly used to infer the subsurface density distribution. The latter is obtained from semi-qualitative derivative analysis as well as more quantitative 2D or 3D modeling. In fact, the composite GGMPlus model incorporates information from various sources, i.e. from satellite-derived gravity data at very large scales to a very high-resolution topographic gravity effect based on SRTM data. This study aims to provide a new perspective on understanding the GGMPlus data in the context of geophysical exploration. In this paper, we emphasize that the apparent detailed anomalies from GGMPlus are essentially from the calculated or modeled gravity effect of topography that should be corrected to obtain the geological signal describing the subsurface. We compare gravity anomalies from satellite-derived data and observed ground gravity data with those from GGMPlus that have undergone proper adjustments or corrections. The results reveal that GGMPlus have a similar resolution to global gravity data, from which the GGMPlus was derived. Based on the basic principles that (i) models are only approximations of reality and (ii) data can only be measured, they cannot be created, the GGMPlus derived data cannot surpass excessively the resolution of the actually measured satellite gravity data. Therefore, proper processing and use of data from the GGMPlus model should be encouraged.
Performance Analysis of a Novel Seismic Data Acquisition System to Measure Peak Particle Velocity and Source Distance
Authors: Manalu M K , Patrialova S N , Radhy A , Prahastudhi S
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a performance analysis of a novel development of multistations seismic data acquisition system called MSTGS. This system involves 4.5 Hz triaxial geophone sensors — Vertical (Z), East-West (E), and North-South (N) — and a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) for monitoring peak particle velocity (PPV) in the ground and estimating the distance of a vibration source. The experiment was conducted by employing an active artificial vibration source at a certain location by assuming a homogeneous medium with the specific p-s waves velocity (0.2471 m/s). The distance of the vibration source was varying up to 15 meters, and each test was repeated three times. This data acquisition system has already been compared to the commercial high-end 5 Hz geophone instrument. Since this research only analyses parameters in the time domain, therefore neglecting the frequency domain. PPV was determined by the sum vector of peak amplitude in each component. Meanwhile, the distance between source and receiver was calculated by subtracting p-wave and s-wave first break arrival time. Results showed a PPV measurement accuracy of 94.88% at Station 1 and 95.2% at Station 2, with increased accuracy using the Multi-Station Triaxial Geophone of 97.24%. The accuracy in measuring the distance of the vibration source was 98.59%. Sensors at each station were able to measure PPV values with delay times of 71 ms (Z sensor), 83 ms (E sensor), and 67 ms (N sensor), which met the ITU-T standards. The data indicated a correlation between the vibration source distance and PPV values, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.8535 at Station 1 and 0.8213 at Station 2. These findings validate the novel developed instrument’s capability, offering a reliable alternative to existing commercial solutions. This research contributes to the field of geophysical engineering by providing a cost-effective and accurate method for monitoring ground vibrations, which is crucial for various applications including seismic studies and infrastructure monitoring.
Artificial Lighting System for Improving Mood in House Environment
Authors: Reforma Adira Damai , Wonorahardjo Surjamanto
Published: February 2025

The use of artificial light had positive and negative impact on humans. Improper use of artificial light can disrupt mood regulation. On the other hand, light also can be used to treat mood disorder. Some studies suggest that daylight quality in Indonesian settlements, especially in low-cost settlements did not meet the minimum required standard. Both the use of excessive light and lack of daylight exposure can cause mood problems. The advancement of lighting technology creates an opportunity to adjust artificial lighting to suit better for human needs. This paper aims to discuss the possible and effective strategies to improve occupant mood in home by studying the effect of CCT and illuminance level using desk study method. Internet search was used to search relevant articles using defined keywords. The literature found then filtered based on determined criteria for further review. Based on the literature that has been found, it is shown that CCT and illuminance level can be used to improve mood and other correlated conditions. Also, it is important to set artificial lighting according to activity and individual preference.
Quantum error correction wins award
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: February 2025

The Physics World 2024 Breakthrough of the Year goes to two groups that have made significant advances in quantum error correction methods, as Margaret Harris reports.
Pasta, chimps and squirting plants
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: February 2025

Michael Banks picks his favourite stories and quotes from the weird and wonderful world of physics.
Initial atmospheric constraints limit the sub-seasonal prediction skill of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon onset
Authors: Jiang Qinghua , Han Xue , Liu Boqi , Liu Fei , He Zhuoqi , Feng Tao , Duan Yanan , Feng Licheng , Chen Xingrong , Wang Lanning
Published: February 2025

The onset time of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) is widely recognized as being closely related to the distribution of summer rainfall belts in East Asia. This study examines the sub-seasonal prediction bias of SCSSM onset and investigates the associated oceanic and atmospheric processes using the hindcasts from the ECMWF sub-seasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecasting system. The system can accurately predict the onset time two pentads in advance. As the lead time increases, the predicted monsoon onset time tends to be later than the observations. When the forecast lead time exceeds 15 days, the inaccuracies in the northward propagation of tropical convection result in the absence of initial atmospheric constraints. This lack of initial constraints, along with their influence on the boundary forcing over the Bay of Bengal, may lead to a late onset bias of the SCSSM in this forecasting system.
The Significance of Employment
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

The aim of this chapter is to shed light on various disputes about the significance of employment, and then, using the empowerment model, to draw out some of the implications of these commitments for labour market policymaking, particularly in a world of artificial intelligence. The analysis starts with an account of the value of employment, which serves as a foundation on which to defend policies whose purpose is to eliminate involuntary unemployment. It then defends this line of reasoning against critics who contend that this view fetishizes work. The chapter includes a more technical discussion of whether it’s wrong for governments to promote employment since doing so unfairly penalizes those who’ve no desire to be employed, and concludes with a discussion of the appeal of basic income.
Conclusion
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

This brief chapter highlights some of the themes of the book, especially those relating to automation, artificial intelligence, and the future of work. It cautions against sensationalist narratives relating to these issues, and instead emphasizes the need for empirically informed philosophical reflection to guide the political decisions that shape the labour market. It contends that technology is a double-edged sword that brings both threats and opportunities, affecting individuals’ lives in myriad ways. It concludes with some advice for governments, who must be prepared to make courageous choices to protect workers’ interests and who cannot leave these matters to the force of the market alone.
‘Simplex Sigillum Veri’ and the Question of the Limits of Language
Authors: Appelqvist Hanne
Published: February 2025

It is a more or less universally accepted view that, in the Tractatus, Wittgenstein rejects the possibility of syntheticity a priori. While Wittgenstein affirms that logic is a priori, the propositions of logic are tautologies and hence analytic. According to Peter Sullivan, this is enough to show that the Tractatus is not a work committed to transcendental idealism. To count as evidence of transcendental idealism in the Tractatus, the a priori limits of language should be synthetic. So while it may look as though the Tractatus introduces a genuine limitation to thought by contrasting it with feeling, for Sullivan such Kantian integration between Wittgenstein’s theoretical and practical philosophy is ‘too much integration to hope for’ (Sullivan 2013, 265). This chapter argues that such integration may be feasible after all. Drawing on Kant’s transcendental aesthetic, the chapter argues that the Tractatus incorporates at least two types of insights that for Kant would count as synthetic a priori. Acknowledging the connection between the two types of insights allows us to see how the theoretical and practical sides of the Tractatus are connected.
Abstract Objects and the Philosophy of Language
Authors: Stirton William
Published: February 2025

The question under consideration is whether anyone has produced a good argument for the existence of natural numbers (taking these to be paradigms of abstract objects) that is based on considerations in the philosophy of language alone (thus excluding arguments that rely on considerations from the philosophy of science or the philosophy of perception). The arguments considered are those of Frege, Wright, Hale, Gaskin, and Linnebo. The conclusion is not that the arguments clearly fail but that they can be accepted only at the cost of undertaking quite strong commitments, for example to the solvability of a certain version of the Julius Caesar Problem. What this version is and why exactly it is important is explained in the chapter.
Mathematics and the Limits of Language
Authors: Jonas Silvia
Published: February 2025

This chapter offers a mathematical perspective on the question of linguistic idealism in order to challenge the claim that for the world to exist it must be expressible. On the basis of three mathematical case studies—modus ponens, the consistency of mathematics, and statistical models of the prime numbers—the chapter draws a distinction between mathematical knowledge and mathematical understanding in order to demonstrate that mathematical understanding is independent of linguistic formulability. It then uses this conclusion to argue that we do have a language–independent access to mathematics, which in turn suggests that the anterior existence of the mathematical cosmos was a prerequisite for the development of mathematical language, just as the anterior existence of the physical world was a prerequisite for the evolution of human language.
Isomorphism and Idealism
Authors: Morris Michael
Published: February 2025

It is a common and perhaps natural view that the world itself has a structure which is isomorphic with the structure of language. One form of linguistic idealism holds that the world has this structure because language has it. This chapter argues that this belief in structural isomorphism derives from a certain view of the way in which the state of the world justifies the use of language. It argues that the view in question involves a commitment to a kind of Given, and is at least parallel to traditional appeals to the notion of the Given in epistemology. But, the chapter argues, it is also found in the most mundane, apparently innocent, conceptions of semantics and our understanding of language. Since the motivation for the view is epistemological, the belief in structural isomorphism is naturally understood in an idealist way. The chapter offers a sketch of a way of understanding how the state of the world justifies the use of language which does not lead either to structural isomorphism or to idealism.
Representation, Alien Languages, and Linguistic Idealism
Authors: Eklund Matti
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses the possibility of alien languages, and the implications of that issue for linguistic idealism, specifically as linguistic idealism comes up in some of Richard Gaskin’s writings. Alien languages are here languages that are different from familiar ones semantically, in a structural way, and through having added elements. The aim is to shed light on linguistic idealism by considering that kind of possibility. Although the chapter does not mount a full defence of alien languages, it does respond to some objections to the idea. The chapter discusses how the possibility of alien languages problematizes claims that Gaskin makes. Along the way it seeks more clarity on what linguistic idealism and some of the arguments for that view should be taken to be.
Microcontact and syntactic theory
Authors: D’Alessandro Roberta , Andriani Luigi , Frasson Alberto , Pinto Manuela , Sorgini Luana , Terenghi Silvia
Published: February 2025

This first chapter presents an overview of the microcontact methodology and what is needed to compare as well as distinguish change in contact from change in diachrony, also known as endogenous change. After an outline of the methodology, the chapter shares findings from the project Microcontact. Language variation and change from the Italian heritage perspective, carried out at Utrecht University between 2017 and 2022. This project focused on various syntactic phenomena, encompassing both purely grammatical aspects and those situated at the intersection of grammar and discourse. In so doing, the chapter highlights the insights into grammatical theory that the microcontact methodology provides. Section 1.4 presents data from several phenomena, in contact and in diachrony: demonstratives, auxiliary selection, differential object marking, subject clitics, and null subjects. Section 1.5 highlights the main theoretical contributions of each of the four case studies. Section 1.6 concludes the chapter.
Empowering Workers in an Age of Automation
Authors: Parr Tom
Published: February 2025

There’s a great deal of anxiety about the current state of the labour market, and especially the employment opportunities available to members of the working-class. The post-war growth in wages has stagnated and, in some places, reversed. More workers than ever are employed on precarious contracts, working shifts on demand and with no guarantee of future employment. Technology has enabled greater surveillance and monitoring of staff, in the office and at home, during work hours and outside of them. And though the amount of time that individuals spend at work has declined in recent decades, progress on this front has been dishearteningly slow. In this constellation of factors, some commentators see the beginnings of a social crisis. Others believe that we’re already in the depths of one. Given this social and economic context, it’s hardly surprising that scholars are increasingly concerned with the appropriate design and regulation of labour markets. Governments and policymakers require empirically- and theoretically-informed guidance to assess the appeal of competing arrangements, as well as to determine the justifiability of particular policy proposals. The aim of Part I of this book is to contribute to these discussions by presenting and defending a distinctive way of theorizing about justice in the labour market, called the empowerment model. The aim of Part II is to draw on the empowerment model to shed light on ongoing disputes about unemployment, the four day work week, the gender earnings gap, working from home, and education and training.
Literary Careers
Authors: Eisaman Maus Katharine
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses the various practical ways writers in the period before the onset of civil war could support themselves. Many writers were amateurs; in other words, they were not dependent upon the income from their writing, but might work primarily as courtiers, lawyers, scholars, or clergymen. A few, however, were professional writers—a new option in the early seventeenth century—that is, people who managed to wrest a living from writing alone. There were two ways of doing so: one could write for the commercial theatre, or one could seek various forms of literary patronage. Each of these options presents different constraints and opportunities. During the 1640s and 1650s, when the theatres were shut down and many traditional forms of patronage were in abeyance, the literary world was forced to reconfigure itself.
Thinking About Genre in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Eisaman Maus Katharine
Published: February 2025

Early modern writers tend to organize their thinking about literature not in terms of historical period, but in terms of generic ‘kinds’. Genres provide rough templates for the aims of writers and for the expectation of audiences. Taken together, the various genres deal with the multifarious forms of human experience and endeavour: tragedy with the fall of princes and nobles; epic with the adventures of heroes; comedy with the interactions of ordinary people, often in urban settings; pastoral with the lives of shepherds. Genre thus works as a filtering device, focusing on some phenomena and implicitly excluding others. Early seventeenth century writing is distinguished by a marked degree of generic innovation, as writers experiment with such newly fashionable ‘kinds’ as satiric city comedy, epigram, country house poem, tragicomedy, essay, and ‘character.’ The remainder of this volume will discuss some of the genres that are most important in the literature of the early seventeenth century.