bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Jiawei Fengshining on Synovial Cell Apoptosis and TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Rats with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dong Xiaojun , Gan Yuan , Ding Lina , Zeng Fujia , Ding Dou
Published: December 2019

Background/Aims. Jiawei Fengshining (JWFSN) is a new formula originated from Fengshining, a classic formula for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanism of JWFSN in the treatment of RA is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of JWFSN formula on the inflammatory mediator levels in the serum and the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in the synovium and to explore the underlying mechanisms of JWFSN formula to ameliorate synovial hyperplasia and apoptosis inhibition of synovium in rats with RA. Method. SPF female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the blank control group, the model control group, the positive drug group, and the low-, medium-, and high- dose JWFSN groups, with 8 rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect inflammatory mediators, anti-inflammatory mediators, and rheumatoid factor (RF). The pathological condition and apoptosis of the synovial tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining, respectively. TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad7 protein expressions in synovial tissue were measured by western blot assay. In addition, human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes cell line MH7A was treated with 20% JWFSN-containing serum to obtain in vitro data. Result. The administration of JWFSN was found to ameliorate synovial hyperplasia and promote apoptosis; increase the serum contents of anti-inflammatory mediators; reduce inflammatory mediators and RF contents; and inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in CIA rats. In vitro JWFSN treatment increased the apoptosis of MH7A cells and decreased cell viability. Additionally, JWFSN treatment inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in MH7A cells. Interestingly, kartogenin (TGF-β1/Smad pathway activator) treament reversed the effects of JWFSN treatment. Conclusion. JWFSN may ameliorate inflammatory factors’ abnormality, synovial hyperplasia, and apoptosis inhibition of synovium via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and NAFLD in Chinese Nondiabetic Individuals
Authors: Hu Di-Shuang , Zhu Sheng-Hao , Li Xu , Chen Qin-Fen , Lin Chun-Jing , Fang Dan-Hong , Wu Jian-Sheng
Published: December 2019

Purpose. Limited studies have preliminarily identified a positive association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). However, this association has not been fully established. We aim to investigate the association between NAFLD and HGI in Chinese nondiabetic individuals and to construct a risk score based on HGI to predict a person’s risk of NAFLD. Methods. After strict exclusion criteria, 5,903 individuals were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. We randomly selected 1,967 subjects in the enrollment to obtain an equation of linear regression, which was used to calculate predicted HbA1c and drive HGI. The other subjects were classified into four categories according to HGI level (≤−0.22, −0.21∼0.02, 0.03∼0.28, and ≥0.29). All subjects retrospectively reviewed the baseline characteristics, laboratory examinations, and abdominal ultrasonography. Results. The prevalence of NAFLD in this population was 20.7%, which increases along with the growth of HGI levels (P<0.001). Adjusted to multiple factors, this trend still remained significant (OR: 1.172 (95% CI, 1.074–1.279)). The combined NAFLD risk score based on HGI resulted in an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.85 provided sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a negative predictive value for NAFLD of 84.4%, 71.3%, 65.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusions. NAFLD is independently associated with HGI levels in Chinese nondiabetic individuals. And, NAFLD risk score may be used as one of the risk predictors of NAFLD in nondiabetic population.
Complete Resection without Any Ostomies by Laparoscopic Extended Surgery for Locally Advanced T4 Sigmoid Colon Cancer Invading the Urinary Bladder and Ureter
Authors: Ogura Atsushi , Aritake Tsukasa , Kawai Satoru , Yamamoto Shigeki , Takagi Kenji , Kawai Kiyotaka , Maeda Takashi , Kobayashi Ryutaro , Nagano Natsuki , Kamiya Satoaki
Published: December 2019

The feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced colorectal cancer remain controversial due to the high rate of incomplete resection and conversion to open surgery. Especially for T4 colorectal cancer, laparoscopic techniques are still demanding mainly because of the difficulty in distinguishing between inflammation and tumor involvement, which often lead surgeons to do overtreatment in surgery. We believe laparoscopic magnified and multidirectional approach might be useful for pathologically complete resection and minimizing an unnecessary extended surgery for these cases. A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with locally advanced T4 sigmoid colon cancer invading the urinary bladder and ureter. We performed laparoscopic anterior resection with en bloc resection of the urinary bladder and the left ureter. Total operative time was 462 min, and the estimated blood loss was 50 ml. This patient was discharged on the 28th day after surgery without any ostomies and urinary functional disorders. The magnified view by laparoscopic techniques from multiple directions would enable surgeons to set surgical landmarks for another approach, which is the key for safe and feasible laparoscopic surgery in patients with locally advanced T4 colorectal cancer.
‘Stretching’ Marxism in the Postcolonial World
Authors: Salem Sara
Published: December 2019

This article focuses on Egypt’s moment of decolonisation in order to explore some of the productive tensions between Marxism, Frantz Fanon’s work, and postcolonial contexts. Through a reading of Egypt’s attempts at independent industrialisation and decolonising ‘the international’, the article uses Frantz Fanon’s invitation to ‘stretch Marxism’ as a way of understanding the particularities of capitalism in the colonial and postcolonial world. It is posited that events such as decolonisation across the postcolonial world have been central to the evolution of global capitalism, and should be centred within Marxist analyses of global politics. It is further argued that these moments can shed light on the contradictions of nationalism, sovereignty and independence, and the ways in which anticolonialism in places like Egypt ultimately reproduced, rather than challenged, colonial capitalism.
Gendered Narrative in Female War Literature
Authors: Moosavi Maryam , Ghandeharion Azra , Sabbagh Mahmoud Reza Ghorban
Published: December 2019

US novelist and journalist Helen Benedict’s 2011 fictional work Sand Queen, the first novel about the Iraq War (2003–11) written by a woman, has great potential for feminist approaches, especially regarding its use of gender-identity models. Through her positioning of the narrators, her multiple narratives, and the linguistic elements in this work, Benedict has created a unique artistic structure that has broad implications for the study of narrative, the themes of war, displacement, and trauma, and cross-cultural understanding. The current study examines Benedict’s work to demonstrate her gender-conscious view of war in her depiction of US soldier Kate Brady and Iraqi medical student and interpreter Naema Jassim as the central consciousnesses through which the narrative is told. Taking advantage of third-wave feminist approaches to gender, the study discovers diverse perspectives and distinctive viewpoints on the concept of gender identity. Offered by the novel’s first-person character-narrators, these viewpoints explore the fictional universe mapped out by Benedict in the text. In the context of the Iraq War, based on models of gender identity interspersed throughout the narrative, the study reveals how the challenges and/or reaffirmations of normative gender ideologies dominated patriarchal systems of military institutions.
Les citations probantes du Livre du palmier (Kitāb al-Naḫl) d’Abū Ḥātim al-Siǧistānī (m. 255/869)
Authors: Foulon Brigitte
Published: December 2019

Parmi les usages du vers attestés dans la culture arabe classique, thème d’une journée d’étude organisée en 2017 à l’INALCO, notre étude a retenu celui consistant à faire du vers un šāhid, ou « citation probante » (Gilliot, 1996). En effet, de nombreuses sciences arabes, au premier plan desquelles figurent les sciences du langage (grammaire, lexicologie, philologie…), ont eu recours aux šawāhid pour illustrer un fait de langue, l’emploi d’un mot rare ou une tournure syntaxique. Dans ce cadre, les vers sont présentés hors de tout contexte, qu’il s’agisse de celui de ses conditions de production ou de celui du poème dans lequel il s’insère. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous nous appuierons sur le traité d’Abū Ḥātim al-Siǧistānī (m. 255/869) consacré au palmier, Kitāb al-Naḫl. Après avoir procédé à un classement des šawāhid, nous observerons, successivement, les citations sans rapport avec l’objet du traité, le palmier, celles où ce dernier apparaît comme métaphore ou comparant et, enfin, celles dont il est l’objet principal. Notre objectif sera de montrer comment ces citations s’organisent en un réseau textuel qui se superpose – ou se croise – avec le texte du lexicologue. Que nous disent-elles du palmier, qui n’est pas abordé par l’auteur dans son ouvrage savant ? Et, en particulier, que nous apprennent-elles sur le statut accordé au palmier dans le système éthique des Arabes ?
La joute satirique au début de l’époque abbasside (132/750-197/813) : un espace poétique autonome ?
Authors: Hoorelbeke Mathias
Published: December 2019

L’art des poètes des débuts de l’époque abbasside est soumis à de fortes contraintes que leur dictent leurs patrons. Cette influence est maximale dans les genres par lesquels le poète exprime sa satisfaction ou son déplaisir. Mais elle est également sensible sur d’autres genres, telle la poésie amoureuse ou la description. Les joutes satiriques offrent en revanche, à première vue, un espace relativement autonome aux poètes, où ils peuvent se légitimer et se mesurer sans craindre d’ingérence externe. Cet espace relativement autonome reste toutefois soumis, de façon indirecte, à l’influence patronale, parfois du fait même des poètes, ce qui rend cette autonomie très précaire.
Classical Roman Law, a product of interpretation from the Early Modern Times
Authors: Waelkens Laurent
Published: December 2019

The study of the Roman law we know today, started in the twelfth century and was based on sources preserved from Roman Antiquity. The interpretation of these antique texts was, however, always contemporary and never reflected their original meaning. In this article we assess the importance of medieval and early modern interpretation and, by analyzing a series of thirteen classical notions of Roman law, illustrate how what we call “classical Roman law” nowadays found its origins especially in Early Modern Times. The article also brings an English summary of a series of articles we wrote in French and Dutch.
The decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain
Authors: Masferrer Aniceto
Published: December 2019

This article aims to describe the reasons for the decline of customary law in the early modern era. Confining the discussion to a limited geographical setting – the Iberian Peninsula – the arguments I used might be easily applied to other European jurisdictions. Part I presents an explanation of the predominance of custom in the medieval Spanish legal traditions. Part II describes the general features of the law in the early modern era, since they contributed – to a greater or lesser degree – to the demise of custom. Part III focuses more specifically on the theoretical and practical reasons for the decline and displacement of custom in early modern Spain. Part IV describes the consequences of the Decrees of Nueva Planta (1707-1718), approved by Felipe V in the context of the War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1714), regarding the development of the notion and role of custom in the eighteenth century. The article concludes with some reflections, emphasising that although customs do not easily co-exist with the state or a strong political power, neither do they entirely perish.
The life and work Raoul Charles van Caenegem (1927-2018)
Authors: Heirbaut Dirk
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the life and work of the Belgian legal historian R.C. van Caenegem. It shows how van Caenegem’s work was influenced by his teachers, first of all François-Louis Ganshof, but also many others like Theodore Plucknett. Van Caenegem’s research was very diverse and addressed different groups of readers, so that most of them only know a fragment of his work. Van Caenegem learned from Ganshof’s mistakes. Unlike his master, van Caenegem took an interest in sociology and he did not hesitate to publish the grand overviews of history which Ganshof had stopped writing in the second half of his career. Many of van Caenegem’s books on English, medieval and legal history were a product of his teaching. Whereas the books for the students in Ghent, where van Caenegem was burdened by a heavy teaching load, presented a complete survey, the books for select groups of foreign students cherry-picked from legal history and took part in discussions on larger debates. Van Caenegem’s many articles offer a better insight into his personal evolution from a scholar who started out as a jurist, but very soon lost interest in dogmatic legal history and preferred to investigate the lawmakers instead of the law itself. As a historian, van Caenegem put the middle ages first, because in his opinion the middle ages laid the foundations for the modern rule of law. However, these ‘modern’ middle ages only started in the twelfth century. Although he claimed that the future of legal historical research lays in teamwork, van Caenegem himself remained an indvidualistic scholar.
Universal Human Rights ‘Versus’ Cultural Relativism: the Mediating Role of Constitutional Rights
Authors: Agyeman Nana Kwame , Momodu Alfred
Published: December 2019

The claim that human rights are rights that all humans hold everywhere and at all times embodies the concept of universalism. There are however some that do not believe that human rights are universally held. Those who hold such views are widely described as cultural relativists. A rich body of literature exists with a particular focus on the divergence that exists between universalism and cultural relativism. We posit that these areas of antagonism might be overstated. In the light of this, this work investigates the mediating role that constitutional rights may play between these two seemingly opposing schools of thought. Ultimately this paper avers that the constitutional making process that international human rights principles go through in order to emerge as constitutional rights allows for constitutional rights to simultaneously lay claim to both universalist and relativist ideals. Thus, allowing constitutional rights to represent a grossly overlooked middle ground.
Dioniso e le rane (Ar. Ra. 209–267). Note di drammaturgia e versificazione
Authors: Bravi Luigi
Published: December 2019

The paper draws attention on the secondary chorus of frogs in Aristophanes’ Frogs. Its actual presence on the stage is matter of discussion between scholars. The dramatic function of the frogs, the rapid dialogue with Dionysus and the close construction of verse in this lyrical dialogue seem to suggest the hypothesis of a visible chorus.
Una formula, tanti significati. Οἱ περί τινα negli scolî e in Eustazio
Authors: Savio Martina
Published: December 2019

An analysis of some significant examples shows that the phrase οἱ περὶ + accusative of a proper noun employed in the Homeric scholia and in Eustathius of Thessalonica’s Commentaries was an abridged expression conveying in any specific case different information concerning the sources quoted into these texts.
Note testuali e lessicali al ‘Petronius redivivus’
Authors: Munzi Luigi
Published: December 2019

A collection of satirical stories and sketches in form of prosimetrum found in ms. Dublin 602 and possibly written in England ca. 1200, was first edited by M. L. Colker in 1975: according to remarkable and pervasive influence of Petronius’ Satyricon, both in attitudes and in language, Colker named the text as ‘Petronius redivivus’. In a renewed edition published in 2007 the same scholar proposes to assign this text to Helias of Thriplow. This paper offers a thorough discussion of the constitutio textus and a few notes about linguistic peculiarities and technical dictionary.
Tâcherons ou sous-traitants ? Travailleurs indépendants et entrepreneurs dans la construction en France entre la fin du XIXe siècle et l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Martini Manuela
Published: December 2019

L’association entre industrie de la construction et sous-traitance est une évidence à la fin du XIXe siècle, tout comme aujourd’hui. Pourtant l’histoire des mutations du statut du sous-traitant et des formes du travail au forfait dans le bâtiment au début du XXe siècle est encore peu étudiée. Pour aborder cette question, cet article prend pour objet un virement institutionnel majeur dans la définition du « tâcheron » en France : la réforme sur les abus du marchandage dans la seconde moitié des années 1930. Ce dispositif classifie et ordonne les relations entre les acteurs économiques aux intérêts divergents impliqués dans la chaîne de la sous-traitance : maître d’ouvrage, maître d’œuvre, sous-traitant, ouvriers travaillant pour le sous-traitant. Formalisant l’état des lieux de la jurisprudence et détaillant les modalités de la mise en œuvre du marchandage, il permet ainsi de s’interroger sur les caractères marquants d’une forme clé d’organisation du travail de la deuxième industrialisation.
Workshops, Factories and Subcontractors in the Chinese Woolen Industry, 1880-1937
Authors: Broggi Carles Brasó
Published: December 2019

This article discusses China’s attempts to industrialize from the late nineteenth century until the Japanese occupation of 1937. It focuses on the woollen industry and uses data from industrial investigations, market information and company archives. Several attempts to build a woollen industry from the 1880s to the end of the First World War failed. However, in the 1920s and 1930s some private companies in Tianjin, Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta succeeded in managing profitable woollen workshops and mills. An export-based carpet industry was developed in Tianjin while a network of workshops and integrated mills flourished in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta to supply woollen goods for civilian clothing in the Chinese urban markets. This article aims to contribute to the debate of China’s late industrialization by looking at the structure of the woollen industry and its alignment with actual consumer demands.
Enjeux et modalités de la sous-traitance des navires de guerre français sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Plouviez David
Published: December 2019

Le processus de navalisation qui débute au XVIIe siècle contraint les États européens à rassembler des budgets conséquents, à construire des infrastructures portuaires, à organiser des réseaux d’approvisionnement et à disposer d’une main-d’œuvre nombreuse et qualifiée. Néanmoins, aucune puissance ne parvient à assumer seule la construction et l’entretien de se flotte de guerre et le recours à la sous-traitance auprès d’entrepreneurs est récurrent. À partir de l’exploitation d’un échantillon de marchés de construction, cet article a pour objectif de dessiner les contours de la sous-traitance navale en France sous l’Ancien Régime. Il s’agit de contextualiser ce phénomène tant au niveau européen que dans le cadre de la politique navale fran-çaise, ainsi que d’envisager les objets techniques réalisés et les acteurs responsables.
Editorial
Authors: Shin Jung Cheol , Huang Futao
Published: December 2019

This introductory paper explains the background of the special issue Doctoral Education and Beyond and provides overviews of the selected eight articles. Six of the eight articles address policy-related topics such as career choice, international mobility, and time-to-degree, and two articles explore theory related topics, especially socialization theory for doctoral students. These articles are based on empirically collected data. Five articles are based on the GRN survey, and three articles are based on national survey data and international survey data collected by each research team. Although some findings in these articles resemble those from studies conducted in the West, mostly in the US, but similar findings do not necessarily mean doctoral students in East Asia have similar learning experiences to their colleagues in the West.
What Determinants Affect Doctoral Students’ Career Plans? Main Findings from a 2018 Survey of Chinese Doctoral Students
Authors: Huang Futao , Shen Wenqin
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze Chinese doctoral students’ career expectations and determinants or factors influencing their career plans based on main findings from the national survey of doctoral students in 2017. Main findings include: firstly, the Chinese case indicates that becoming academics is still attractive to most doctoral graduates; secondly, female doctoral students are more likely to choose to work in universities than male doctoral students; thirdly, the social background of doctoral students did not have a significant impact on their academic orientation scores, but doctoral students with richer family culture capital (parents with college degrees) are even more reluctant to choose to work in the universities; finally, significant disciplinary differences and the correlation between their socialization experience and their academic orientation could be confirmed.
Japanese Doctoral Students’ Career Plans and Research Productivity: Main Findings from a 2017 National Survey
Authors: Arimoto Akira , Daizen Tsukasa , Huang Futao , Kim Yangson
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze doctoral students’ career plans and research productivity, as well as key factors affecting both, based on relevant findings from a 2017 national survey of doctoral students at Japanese universities. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, Japanese doctoral students tend to have diverse post-graduation career plans. They not only consider becoming academics but also expect to be hired in industry and business. This expectation is particularly strong among students from engineering, while more of those studying humanities and social sciences want to become academics. Second, the survey revealed that Japanese doctoral students’ host universities, age, gender, and their marital status, had no significant influence on their research productivity.
The Relationships among Socialization, Professional Training and Perspectives on Job Market: Evidence from Taiwan Doctoral Students Survey
Authors: Chen Robin Jung-Cheng , Ho Sophia Shi-Huei , Hsu Ya-Han
Published: December 2019

The study aims to explore how Taiwan doctoral education in knowledge society meets the change of labor market, and how doctoral students deal with the socialization and professional training during their study, as well as influence their perspectives on career plan and job choices. That is, assuming that socialization and professional training have relationships and influences on doctoral students’ career decision. The research questions are as follows: (1) Will the related factors of implementing socialization in doctoral education predict the choices of different career paths? and (2) What factors will affect doctoral students’ perspectives on future job market (academia, public sector, private sector)? 2,000 questionnaires, snowball and purposely sampling, were sent to current registered doctoral student and 914 questionnaires were returned, excluding 214 invalid ones. The amount number of valid respondents is 700. SPSS Window 22.0 version was adopted as the statistical analyzing tool. The descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were main methods for data analysis. There are 4 models, based on findings, for doctoral students’ intentions of purchasing jobs according to the findings: academia orientated, being employed in the government or public research institute, working in the private sector, and self-confident with career and job market.
Conceptualizing the Second Education Circuit for China’s Doctoral Students in Asia
Authors: Ge Yun , Ho Kong Chong
Published: December 2019

The quest to become research universities of international repute has led flagship universities in East and Southeast Asia to develop a new focus on attracting international doctoral students. This paper aims to understand Chinese doctoral students’ mobility in the immediate region and their education to work perceptions. The study draws from a sample of 301 doctoral students from China who were studying at five universities in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. Analysis on students’ decision making and after-study pathways highlights the regional exchange in related areas. We argue that this regional mobility of doctoral students, characterized as the second education circuit, is facilitated by a higher education migration infrastructure with three interactively weaved dimensions: commercial, social, and regulatory. The research findings suggest the growing importance of Asia as a regional second circuit of doctoral training for students from China.
Professional Socialization of Postdoctoral Training among Academics in South Korea
Authors: Shin Jung Cheol , Jung Hyejoo , Lee Soo Jeung
Published: December 2019

This study aims to develop a theoretical perspective on postdoctoral experiences as professional socialization, and to empirically analyze whether postdoctoral experiences are associated with professional socialization such as deepened knowledge and skills, sense of belonging and academic identity. For this study, we used the data of the Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society (APIKS) survey. The results show that postdoctoral experiences are associated with research performance, their identity as a researcher, and their sense of belonging to their academic discipline; however, postdoctoral training is not associated with their sense of belonging to their affiliated institution. These findings imply that professional socialization during postdoctoral training is closely related to academic identity and their disciplinary affiliation as well as scholarly performance. This study proposes to develop and redesign doctoral education and postdoctoral training in the continuous process of academic and professional socialization.
Exploring Factors Associated with Doctoral Students’ Concern about Completing Their Degree in Time: a Case from a Research-Focused University in Korea
Authors: Lim Heejin , Li Xin , Jung Hyejoo
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to explore determinants that predict doctoral students’ concern about completing their degree in time with a case from a research-focused university in Korea. This study used survey data of 499 doctoral students enrolled in a case university and conducted both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results from this study indicate that the level of concern for delay in time-to-degree appeared significantly higher for STEM doctoral students and their level of concern is more affected by external environmental factors such as emphasis on research productivity and job market prospects rather than their personal and program characteristics. On the other hand, non-STEM doctoral students were more likely to be influenced by advisor characteristics such as academic rank and quality of supervision. Lastly, this study found that the role of scholarship appeared differently among the discipline. Based from these findings, various policy implications were suggested to improve effectiveness of doctoral training.
‘Grace Taking Form’
Authors: MacRae Christina
Published: December 2019

Inspired by Erin Manning’s use of Marey’s photography to explore time and movement, this article works with slow-motion video drawn from research with two-year olds. It takes a genealogical approach, considering how the medium of film has been implicated in colonising constructions of childhood. It then deploys Bergson’s notion of ‘grace taking form’, making the case that video’s unique capacity to attend to the virtual potential of movement can be used as a de-colonising methodology. Slowing-down video enlivens data in ways that resist interpreting behaviour through the logic of consciousness, giving credence to what Olsson calls a different ‘bodily logic of potentiality’. The article ends with a slowed video-clip voiced by the author as an emerging response to the entanglement between film and child development theory in order to re-animate the sensori-motor as a relational mode of engagement with the world.
Unsettling Video
Authors: Silvis Deborah
Published: December 2019

This article is a reflection on the process and epistemological affordances of co-producing video with an infant. Through the lens of montage filmmaking, a number of novel perspectives on learning came into view. For one, the infant’s ways of knowing through the body were foregrounded, and speech and language played a backstage role. This then placed attention on how bodies carry intensities and vitality not adequately represented through text (Manning & Massumi, 2014; Stern, 2010). In addition, this approach supported going beyond conventional uses of video as data; data tend to be taken as “given,” or alternatively, as “created” but then given over to the analytic gaze. As another approach to video recordings of learning, video montage reanimated aesthetics and movement instead of discourse and meaning as the leading foci of inquiry. The result unsettled received notions of both video production and knowledge production.
Beyond Binaries
Authors: Sørenssen Ingvild Kvale , Aarsand Pål , Hoveid Marit Honerød
Published: December 2019

The focus on children’s voices and experiences has been a substantial part of childhood studies. Research with children is closely linked to the idea of children as agents rather than seeing them as passive objects. In this article the authors examine how video ethnography, and the video camera in particular, in an Early Childhood Education and Care (ecec) facility is an actor that actively co-produces agency. The authors explore how agency is distributed in assemblages consisting of children, the researcher and the video camera. The authors argue that approaching agency as manifold and as distributed is helpful in a critical discussion of children and agency and point to the need to study agency as entangled with human and non-human actors in relational activities. Far from being a tool to represent the real world as it is, or merely a tool for “collecting” data, the video camera and the children are mutually constructed.
Examining the Making and Movement of Speculative “Withness” in Young Children’s A/r/tographic Collage
Authors: Wargo Jon M.
Published: December 2019

Mobilizing a/r/tographic inquiry with young children, this article focuses on a series of research-creation events to examine the making and movement of speculative “withness” inherent in creative production. Thinking with theories of posthumanism and visual studies, it diffractively reads across young children’s making to refashion Szarkowski’s elements of photography (the thing, the detail, the frame, time, and vantage point) as a/r/tographic renderings of the relational-aesthetic. Seeking to expand the sentient possibilities of ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’ with young children, a series of provocations are presented to question the role of the image in young children’s world making.
Worlding with Kin
Authors: Malone Karen
Published: December 2019

Bodies sensing ecologically is a concept the author uses in order to imagine how children can engage/communicate with the more-than-human-world prior to language acquisition. Meaning through bodies; sensual knowing emerges as the means for making sense of things in the act of sensing. A very young child finding ways to be with nonhuman animals; plants; the weather; water; and materials in their everyday is described a sensorial ecological encounter. Postqualitative methods and posthumanist approaches feature as central, diffractive analysis explores difference as connections and relations within and between different bodies, affecting each other and being affected.
李方桂先生調查西南少數民族語言的足跡
Authors: 癸 李壬
Published: December 2019

提要

李方桂在美國跟 Edward Sapir 做過美洲印地安語言的調查研究，他回國後做中國境內少數民族語言的調查研究，方法上就能駕輕就熟了。他把重點擺在西南少數民族語言的調查研究，包括屬於傣語的武鳴土語、龍州土語、剝隘土語，和侗水語言的侗語、水家、莫話、羊黃，這些語言都在廣西、雲南、貴州，路途遙遠，交通極為不便。他陸續發表了六部專書和數十篇重要論文。他當年所調查的語種，都是先做傣語系的語言，然後做侗水語言，可見他事先已經做了充分的準備，對那些語言的關係已有初步的瞭解。他還訓練並協助年輕助理馬學良調查彝族撒尼語，邢公畹調查布依語，張琨調查苗語和藏語。如此，學術工作才有傳承，影響深遠。他的研究成果顯示，少數民族語言的現象可以提供解決漢語音韻史的若干問題。地圖一顯示李方桂五次田野調查的途程，地圖二侗傣語族的祖居地和擴散。
構擬“泉”字音―兼論“同義換讀”
Authors: 将揮 野原
Published: December 2019

本文的目的是（1）整理以往的研究成果和問題、（2）離析“泉”字的諧聲關係、（3）構擬“泉”的上古音聲韻母以及討論唇化元音假設。（4）最後討論“同義換讀”的問題。“泉”的中古音是仙韻合口從母。根據Jaxontov（1960）的唇化元音假設（the rounded-vowel hypothesis），中古音合口的“泉”只來源於上古的唇化元音*-on或圓唇舌根音*Kw-。本文試圖討論“泉”的合口化的原因以及所謂“同義換讀”的現象，認為“泉”原該是非唇化元音*-an，因為“泉”跟“原”意義相近，“泉”經過“沾染（contamination）變為中古音合口呼。
黃坑話與早期閩北語
Authors: 清 沈瑞
Published: December 2019

本文基於多次田野調查收集的材料，第一次全面整理了福建省建陽市黃坑鎮方言的音系與詞彙，並在此基礎上進一步討論黃坑話的譜系地位及其相關問題。首先，我們提出了支持黃坑話的譜系地位屬於閩北語的證據。其次，我們通過黃坑話跟原始閩北語構擬的比較，梳理了黃坑話在音韻上的存古與創新，認為黃坑話應該屬於目前所知的閩北語中最早分出的一支。然後，我們構擬了比原始閩北語更早的早期閩北語，並比較了它跟原始閩北語在音系結構上的異同。最後，我們討論了黃坑話的詞彙特點以及黃坑話對漢語方言研究的啟示。
複數單數化與漢語方言單數代詞中後綴「儂」的來源——一項語義創新及其對東南方言代詞系統的影響
Authors: 民 盛益
Published: December 2019

提要

本文是筆者對古江東方言語法重建工作的一個嘗試性研究。文章發現單數人稱代詞中的後綴「儂」分佈於從吳語到北部贛語的連續區域，由於吳語、徽語、閩語、贛語、湘語等也同時存在用「儂」表示人稱代詞複數標記的現象，故本文提出「儂」為該區域（乃古江東方言之後裔）早期的複數標記，之後在吳語至北部贛語這個區域發生了複數單數化的創新演變，使得「儂」發展成了單數中的後綴。這個演變對於東南方言（尤其是吳語）的人稱代詞系統，產生了極其深遠的影響。
Feeling the Grammar: Literary Translations of the Dual Inflection in Arabic
Authors: Ziajka Stanton Anna
Published: December 2019

This article draws from historical treatises on Arabic grammar, alongside modern theories of untranslatability and translation ethics, to argue for both the practical feasibility and the ethical potential of accounting for the grammatical Arabic dual inflection in English translations of Arabic literature. It considers the dual to possess certain formal qualities—of sound, sense, affective impact, and ontological significance—that require a correspondingly material and embodied mode of engagement from the translator, which is described here with reference to my own published translation of a contemporary Lebanese novel. Ultimately, I propose that such an approach enables new and more ethical ways of reading from an Anglophone audience.
From Medieval Tribes to Modern Dialects: on the Afterlives of Colonial Knowledge in Arabic Dialectology
Authors: Benkato Adam
Published: December 2019

By producing certain types of knowledge and discourse and rendering medieval sources such as Ibn Khaldūn into the terms of that discourse, colonial Orientalists delimited what it was possible to know about both the medieval and modern Maghrib. Concerned with the narrative of the “Arabization” of the Maghrib distilled out of Ibn Khaldūn by colonial scholars, the field of Arabic dialectology attempted to use linguistic research on modern Arabic to buttress this narrative while employing it to categorize its results. This article examines how particular categories such as divisions of “Bedouin” dialects originated through this type of colonial scholarship, and how they have lived on until now as the categories into which current research is fit.
Introducing the New Lens of African Military History
Authors: Doron Roy , Thomas Charles G.
Published: December 2019

In an effort to enrich the historical understanding of the African past, the editors of the Journal of African Military History announce the creation of a new series titled the New Lens of African Military History. In this new series, we ask for contributions that examine various aspects of the African past from a military methodology, and assess the ways that using military history helps create a more complex and complete picture of different aspects of African history. In our inaugural issue, we examine the question of genocide during the Nigerian Civil War, a hard fought war with an underdeveloped military literature. By placing the evolution of Biafra’s genocide claims into the broader picture of the war, a more nuanced and complex analysis of the war and its most important legacy becomes possible.
Applied History Today
Authors: Lowe David
Published: December 2019

Does applied history have an image problem? At first glance, there are signs that it might, but I will suggest in this essay that the considered view is more promising. Partly on account of the formidable policy questions facing us, on global, national and transnational levels, there is a growing appetite for ‘usable’ forms of history, and historians are organizing with a number of constructive responses. The earlier interest in applied history as a means to better statesmanship has now been joined by a productively pluralist approach to the types of policy to which history might be applied. This welcome trend is perhaps the most important thing to note about applied history today. It also reflects the urgency of problems across a broad spectrum of public policy. Conditions now seem more welcoming of public-facing historians writing from multiple perspectives and writing to help think through the state we are in.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Systemic Treatment of Patients with Lymphoma in Nursing Care
Authors: Meng Lingling , Du Lina , Shen Yaqiong , Cong Shan , Zhai Qiuyan , Wang Yan
Published: December 2019

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles recently are of significant consideration because of their applications as nontoxic metal oxides. This study is mainly intended to improve a simple, efficient, and environment-friendly method for preparation of ZnO nanoparticles. This process has been
developed based on plant-intervened synthesis by making use of microwave Saturejahortensis aqueous extract. We have further characterized the obtained Zinc oxide nanoparticles by using different techniques. Additionally, their cytotoxic potential was inspected via MTT assay against both B
lymphoma, A20 and T lymphoma, EL4 cells lines. The zinc oxide nanoparticle exposed cells for about 24 h showed diminished cell viability in the tested cell lines where EL4 cells has been reduced to 75% of control after 24 h, whereas A20 cells were
lowered to 68% of control. ZnO-NPs have proficiently hindered EL4 cell DNA synthesis at 100 μg concentration whereas completely blocked the DNA proliferation at about 50 g concentration. However, A20 cells besides presented similar propensity, thus exploring
the ZnO-NPs potential to treat lymphomas.
Enhanced Bone Regeneration and Bone Defect Repair Using Magnesium/Lithium-Co-Modified, Porous, Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Zhao Hai-Yan , Releken-Yeersheng  , Xia Ya-Yi , Han Xing-Wen , Zhang Chao , Wang Wen-Ji
Published: December 2019

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been frequently used in clinic, but it is hard to be degraded, and insufficient in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aimed to modify HA by doping magnesium/lithium (Mg/Li) and assess the Mg/LiHA scaffold's bone regeneration and bone
defect repair effects. Materials and Methods: The biomaterial was identified using XRD, FTIR and SEM. The porosity, cell mediated degradation behavior and mechanical property were investigated. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and adhesion were also exploited. Finally, osteogenic effect
of Mg/LiHA scaffold in vitro, and bone defect repair effect in vivo were researched. Results: The results suggested that low-content of Mg/Li incorporation did not influence on the structure of HA. The cells mediated degradation experiments indicated that Mg/Li doped HA
could improve the biological degradation and release the Mg2+ and Li+ sustainedly. The compressive strength of Mg/LiHA scaffolds with 63% porosity reached to 3.9 MPa. Cells proliferation and adhesion experiments demonstrated that Mg/LiHA scaffolds were beneficial to cell
growth and attachment. Furthermore, Mg/LiHA scaffolds increased ALP expression, calcium phosphate deposition and VEGF expression in vitro. The bone defect repair in vivo was enhanced by using Mg/LiHA scaffolds. Conclusion: Mg/Li-co-substituted HA could enhance bone regeneration
and bone defect repair, and may be recommended to further research on bone defect repair.
Forms of Blended Bicultural Identity: Identity Conflict and Harmony in Culturally Diverse Mauritius
Authors: van der Werf Femke , Verkuyten Maykel , Martinovic Borja , Ng Tseung-Wong Caroline
Published: December 2019

This study used a person-centered approach to distinguish groups of bicultural (national and ethnocultural) individuals in culturally diverse Mauritius. We focused on experiences of harmony or conflict among blended bicultural individuals and used representative data from the three numerically largest ethnocultural groups (Hindus, Creoles, and Muslims; Ntotal = 1,768). Cluster analyses indicated three groups of individuals with different identity profiles: conflicted blends (50%), harmonious blends (41%), and low blends (9%). Conflicted compared with harmonious blends were more concerned about keeping their ethnic group distinct and about the societal recognition of cultural diversity. In addition, higher social distance vis-à-vis outgroups was found among conflicted blends compared with harmonious blends. The findings for the three identity profiles are discussed in relation to existing theories on bicultural identity, Mauritius’ approach to ethnocultural diversity, and the country’s three main ethnocultural groups.
Tricellulin Modulates Transport of Macromolecules in the Salivary Gland
Authors: Min S.N. , Cong X. , Zhang Y. , Xiang R.L. , Zhou Y. , Yu G.Y. , Wu L.L.
Published: December 2019

Volume and composition of saliva are crucial for oral and systemic health. How substances, particularly macromolecules, are transported across the salivary gland epithelium has not been established in detail. Tricellulin is a component of tricellular tight junctions that form a central tube to serve as an important route for macromolecule transport. Whether tricellulin is expressed in the submandibular gland (SMG) and involved in salivation has been unknown. Here, by using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, tricellulin was found to be characteristically localized at tricellular contacts of human, rat, and mouse SMGs. Knockdown of tricellulin significantly increased, whereas overexpression of tricellulin decreased, paracellular permeability for 40-kDa but not for 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran, while transepithelial electrical resistance was unaffected. Conversely, claudin-4 knockdown and overexpression affected transepithelial electrical resistance but not 40-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran transport, suggesting that tricellulin regulated transport of macromolecules but not ions, which were mainly regulated by bicellular tight junctions (bTJs). Moreover, tricellulin was dynamically redistributed from tri- to bicellular membranes in cholinergically stimulated SMG tissues and cells. Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) recruits tricellulin to tricellular contacts. The proportion of macromolecules in the saliva was increased, whereas the amount of stimulated saliva was unchanged in Ildr1-/- mice, which displayed abnormal tricellulin distribution in SMGs. Furthermore, tricellulin interacted with bTJ proteins, such as occludin, claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and ZO-1, in rat SMG epithelial polarized cell line SMG-C6. Knockdown of tricellulin decreased occludin levels. Thus, we revealed a specific expression pattern of tricellulin in SMG epithelium. Tricellulin not only functioned as a barrier for macromolecules but also modulated the connection of bTJs to the tight junction complex. Alterations in tricellulin expression and distribution could thereby change salivary composition. Our study provided novel insights on salivary gland tight junction organization and function.
Assessing Foundational Reading Skills in Kindergarten: A Curriculum-Based Measurement in Spanish
Authors: Gutiérrez Nuria , Jiménez Juan E. , de León Sara C. , Seoane Rocío C.
Published: December 2019

Early identification of learning difficulties is a critical component of the Response to Intervention (RtI) model. In kindergarten, the screening of foundational reading skills can provide a data-based guideline for identifying students requiring a more intensive response-based intervention before starting elementary school. This study examines the classification accuracy and best predictors of a set of Spanish curriculum-based measures administered during kindergarten. The study’s sample included 189 students tested in the fall, winter, and spring. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted. The composite score of the curriculum-based measurement (CBM) revealed area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.83, 0.97, and 0.94 in the fall, winter, and spring, respectively. Phonemic awareness and letter-sound knowledge were the only isolated measures that demonstrated excellent AUC values throughout kindergarten. Logistic regression models showed that, when entered simultaneously, all measures were significant predictors of reading risk at some moment of the school year.
Noticing Student Mathematical Thinking Within the Context of Lesson Study
Authors: Guner Pınar , Akyuz Didem
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate a preservice middle school mathematics teacher’s noticing of student mathematical thinking within the context of lesson study as a component of a teaching practicum course in a teacher education program. This study also examines how preservice teacher education experiences in the context of lesson study influence the noticing skill of the participant preservice teacher, Lisa. Results indicated that the lesson study process supported teacher noticing of student mathematical thinking as the preservice teacher engaged in planning, teaching, and reflecting on the lessons. It was found that the collaborative and reflective structure of lesson study based on the anticipation of students’ thinking and interactions between group members significantly increased the level of noticing. The study also revealed that reading about mathematics subjects and the classroom teacher’s feedback proved helpful to develop Lisa’s noticing.
Bias or Empathy in Universal Screening? The Effect of Teacher–Student Racial Matching on Teacher Perceptions of Student Behavior
Authors: Weathers Ericka S.
Published: December 2019

This study uses linear probability models with student and teacher fixed effects to assess whether the racial match between teachers and students affects “at-risk” ratings on a teacher-completed universal screener of student internalizing and externalizing behavior. The data are from a large, urban California school district. I find that Asian and Black teachers are more likely to rate their same-race students “at-risk” for internalizing behavior compared with how the same Asian and Black students would be rated by White teachers. These findings have implications for policy and practice aimed at enhancing universal screening for externalizing and internalizing behavior.