bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usability of Warnings by Heads of Schools in Enhancing Teacher Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Biharamulo District, Tanzania
Authors: Lukanga Yasin  , Dr. Peter Siamoo  , Dr. Moses Gadi Koda
Published: November 2023

This study examined the usability of warnings by school heads to enhance teachers’ discipline in public secondary schools in Biharamulo District. The study was guided by Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism theory (1789). The study employed a convergent research design under mixed research methods. The target population was 1 District Secondary Education Officer, 1 TSC Assistant Secretary, 21 heads of schools, and 481 teachers. The study used stratified random and total population sampling techniques to determine the sample of 79 respondents. Interview guides and questionnaires were used to collect data. Face and content validity was ensured by two MWECAU research experts. Pilot testing was done in two public secondary schools. The reliability was estimated to Likert-items type using Cronbach alpha whereby r=0.784 for teachers' questionnaire. Triangulation and peer debriefing were used to ensure the reliability of the interview guide. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data in frequencies, percentages and mean with the aid of SPSS version 22 and presented in tables. Qualitative data were analysed by developing quotes, codes, and themes, which were presented in direct quotations. The study found that heads of schools used warnings to a large extent to address teachers' indiscipline behaviours. Furthermore, the study revealed that, although some heads of schools avoided using written warnings to prevent conflicts, verbal and written warnings were still commonly used to maintain school discipline and good academic performance. The study concluded that warnings were effectively used to maintain teachers' discipline in public secondary schools. The study recommended that heads of schools should keep on using warnings to improve teacher discipline. However, the government, through the Teachers Service Commission (TSC), should educate heads of schools on the correct usage of warnings to prevent teachers from engaging in indiscipline behaviours and avoid conflicts among school administrators and teachers.
The Instrumental Role of Organizational Culture in the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Salih Güney  , Sultan Sivasli
Published: November 2023

In this study, Tarfin Tarım A.Ş., the effect of people related to their activities (employees, banks, dealers and institutions in cooperation) on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational vulture levels is investigated. The aim of the study is to examine how job satisfaction levels of employees in the organization affect organizational commitment through organizational culture. It is examined whether the participants show a significant difference in terms of age, gender, educational status, marital status, and total working time at the workplace. The research data were collected by the questionnaire method with the participation of 302 people. As a result of the research, in line with the findings obtained from the analysis of the data, it was concluded that organizational culture has a partial mediation effect on the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment.
Differentiation Strategy and Performance of Small and Micro Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Ngugi Albert Kimani  , Patrick Karanja Ngugi
Published: November 2023

Currently, firms are losing their energy to find methods that offer them to maintain their existing position in the market, as well as to increase the market share and profit and find a way to survive in that market. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of Porter's generic business strategies on the performance of Micro and Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research was grounded on competitive business strategy theories. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The target population of this study comprised the business owners/managers of the 596 cottage industry firms operating within the county. The unit of analyses of this study consisted of 596 Micro and Small Manufacturing Enterprise. The unit of observation of this study was business owners/managers. The sample drawn using the Yamane formula was 239 respondents. The researcher collected data using the questionnaire method. Quantitative data were coded into numerical codes, which represented various variables. These codes were then captured into a computer for analysis. The study concluded that there is a positive and significant relation between differentiation strategy and the performance of cottage industry firms in Nairobi County. The study recommends conducting extensive market research to determine the specific needs of the market. The study further recommended that firms should take advantage of the feedback provided by customers as the main market players and integrate the feedback into developing innovative products and services. The study further recommends the development and production of consistent and quality products to retain relevance in a competitive market, boost market share growth and reinforce the performance of the organization.
Occupational Stress Sources: Views of Kindergarten Teachers in Greece
Authors: Vassiliki Kleiousi  , Karolina Retali
Published: November 2023

Teaching, a profession fraught with significant occupational stress, can influence individuals on physical, psychological, behavioural, and social levels. The present study examined sources of occupational stress based on kindergarten teachers' views in Greece. 323 kindergarten teachers from both the public and private sectors in Greece took part in the study, with the use of non-probability sampling. The research employed a self-administered online questionnaire with closed-ended questions examining sources of occupational stress. Parametric statistical tests were applied to analyse the data. Based on kindergarten teachers ' responses, the most notable contributors to occupational stress emerged as issues pertaining to students' learning and behaviour and interpersonal and workplace-related relationships. However, all examined factors resulted in a moderate degree of occupational stress, based on the average responses from surveyed kindergarten teachers. Teachers in the private sector reported lower levels of occupational stress provoked by the examined stressors compared to their public-sector counterparts. In addition, postgraduate degree holders reported reduced workload and time pressure-related stress compared to those holding bachelor's degrees. The study underscores the importance of targeted strategies to reduce occupational stress in the teaching profession. With appropriate policy interventions and support, the aim is to reduce stress, thereby enhancing job satisfaction and overall well-being for teachers. This has implications for teacher retention and effectiveness and indirectly for student outcomes, setting an agenda for policy reform and future research.
Towards Sustainable Utilization: Threats on Selected Immovable Archaeological Heritage along the Coast of Kenya and the Intervention Strategies for Mitigation
Authors: Benard M. Busaka  , Jethron A. Akalla  , Lazarus K. Ngari
Published: November 2023

The archaeological heritage is an integral part of the country’s cultural heritage. In the recent past, global dynamics have witnessed a rapid pace of modernization, especially in the global south. Many physical development projects continue to be witnessed in different parts of the country, some of which negatively impact the finite archaeological heritage causing irredeemable loss. Along with traditional causes of decay, such projects continue to threaten cultural resources, especially the immovable archaeological heritages along the coast. This calls for effective management practices where heritage conservation and preservation are key components. Management here implies compliance with set standards as stipulated in international conventions to which Kenya is a state party. Through oral interviews, field observation, site-assessment and document analysis, this article highlights some actual threats to immovable heritage along the coast of Kenya and explores practical approaches towards mitigation. Threats to the archaeological heritage are many, some natural and others human-induced and whereas many of these cannot be stopped from causing heritage deterioration, they can be mitigated and slowed down. It concludes that reducing threats means preserving the authenticity of the immovable archaeological heritage and, in the process preserving heritage values while at the same time sustainably utilizing the heritage.
The Implications of School Unrest on Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Bondo Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Marystella Nandako  , Kenneth Otieno  , Dr. Edward  Khasakhala Okaya
Published: November 2023

Schools are called to effectively assess and monitor school climate given its potential ability to enhance positive student outcomes and mitigate risk behaviors. When a positive school climate exists, students, staff members and parents feel safe, included and accepted. The school community demonstrates respect, fairness and kindness in their interactions and builds healthy relationships that are free from discrimination and harassment. This study sought to examine the Implications of school unrest on students' academic performance in secondary schools in Bondo sub-County Kenya. The study was guided by the System Theory of biologist Ludwig Von Bertalanffy. A descriptive research design was used in this study. The study adopted the mixed method of study. This study population comprised 3159 Form 3 students, 49 principals, 49 teachers of Guidance and Counseling and 1 sub-county Quality Assurance and Standards Officer in Bondo sub-county. Stratified sampling, purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used to arrive at a sample size of 300 of Form three students from sampled schools. Besides, all Principals and Guidance and Counseling Teachers of the selected schools were also brought on board. Data were collected using a questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis. After collection, quantitative data were sorted, edited, coded, classified and tabulated for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics results were presented as counts/tables, percentages, bar graphs, column graphs and pie charts. Further, chi-square tests and Spearman correlation tests were run between school climate and students' unrest. This study established that unrest in secondary schools is a consequence of a negative climate, necessitating students' indiscipline and that it has the potential to affect students' overall academic performance. HO2 stated that the association between unrest in schools and students' overall academic performance factor was statistically significant. The study suggested that there is a need to increase students' feeling of safety at school, for example, by reducing victimization, improving overall school and neighborhood safety and promoting classroom engagement.
The Exploitation of Religious Symbols in Political Rhetoric in Kenya: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Brenda Mueni Wambua  , Peter Mutua Maurice  , Ann Njogu Wachira  , Jared Bravin Menecha  , Egara Kabaji
Published: November 2023

This paper critically examined the literature on the exploitation of religious symbols in political rhetoric in Kenya; it focused on the 2017 general and presidential elections in Kenya. The paper conducted an extensive critical study on the usage of three major religious symbols, that is, mganga, Jubilee and Canaan, used in the 2017 general and presidential elections in Kenya and the biblical, contemporary meaning of these religious symbols and their usage. Moreover, an intricate examination was carried out on the use of religious gab and garb in relation to the said election. The paper borrowed heavily from culture, context and biblical literature and the significance of these to the question of exploitation of religious symbols.

The paper unravelled the deliberate exploitation of religious symbols by the presidential flag bearers in both the NASA and the Jubilee coalitions in the 2017 general and presidential elections. A careful correlation was drawn between the usage of these religious symbols in political rhetoric and the relationship on the outcome of the general elections of the said period. Secondary data from written texts, such as articles, books and journals; audio-visual data, such as video clips; iconic texts, such as drawings, paintings and hypertexts, such as vlogs and blogs, were mined and synthesized.

Through appropriation of semiotic analysis, meaning was generated, related and evaluated under the torchlight of the biblical yardstick to obtain verifiable, valid conclusions. This paper is meant to serve as a wake-up call to Kenyan society on the exploitation of religious symbols and the implication of these symbols during and after the 2017 general and presidential elections.

Moreover, it is designed to arouse a polemic response from the clergy on the preservation of divine language and the place of divine talk. Finally, the paper seeks to sensitize the electorates to the careful evaluation of political rhetoric before making important decisions on matters of voting. The paper enumerates the dangers of the exploitation of religious symbols in Kenyan society and why this practice needs to be interrogated.

The paper endeavours to articulate recommendations based on a proper understanding of the appropriate usage and meaning of religious symbols.
Cold War: China’s Reselection of Allies
Authors: Ziji Jin
Published: November 2023

This scholarly discourse delves into the genesis of Ping-Pong Diplomacy between the United States and China and its consequential ramifications on China-Soviet Union relations. This diplomatic overture had a profound impact on the dynamics of the Cold War, with the Soviet Union witnessing the erosion of a key ally and perceiving China as a burgeoning threat. Concurrently, China reasserted its presence on the global stage, embarking on the transformative path of Reform and Opening Up. The U.S. benefited from turning an enemy into an ally in Asia and became the only superpower in the world. The paper introduced how a simple ping-pong friendly match contributed to the diplomacy between the Chinese and US governments, which eventually led to China's reselection of allies that contributed to the end of the Cold War.

“We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies. Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests it is our duty to follow.”

– Henry Temple (1784 – 1865), 3rd Viscount Palmerston, The Speech in the House of Commons
Analysis of the peculiarities of the legal status of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control at the present stage
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Suvorov M. О.
Published: November 2023

Aim. To determine the main features of the legal status of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control; to reveal the importance of this body as a subject of public administration and governance in the field of healthcare at the present stage.
Materials and methods. The materials used were the legislation of Ukraine, information from the official websites of international organizations, government agencies of Ukraine and foreign countries, monographs, theses, and scientific articles. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, classification, grouping, formal-dogmatic, logical-semantic, ascent from abstract to concrete, historical, comparative, as well systematic, and graphic methods were applied.
Results. Based on the study of the current legal acts, as well as those that are important as historical sources, three main stages in the formation of the system of state bodies of Ukraine implementing the state policy in the areas of quality control and safety of medicines, medicinal products, circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, and counteraction to their illicit trafficking have been identified. Taking into account historical trends and foreign experience, additional arguments in favor of expanding the powers of this body are given. It has been proposed to classify the specific functions of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control, which characterize its legal status, as well as serve as distinguishing features in relation to other central executive authorities, into rule-making, regulatory (provision of administrative services), control and supervisory, and information and communication functions. The practical measures of cooperation between the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control and other state bodies and non-governmental organizations have been summarized, and on this basis, 2 levels of cooperation – international and national – have been identified. It has been found that memoranda are the predominant legal form of cooperation at both levels. The classification of the bodies with which the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control has signed memoranda of cooperation has been made.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis, the authors offer their own definitions of the concepts of “legal status” and “competence” of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drugs Control, and distinctions between the categories of “functions” and “tasks”, “public governance in the field of healthcare” and “public administration in the field of healthcare”. The features that characterize the legal status of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drugs Control have been identified, and the classification of its specific functions at the present stage has been proposed.
A description of Treacher Collins Syndrome in a Yemeni child. A case report
Authors: M. Al- Shaikhani Salwa
Published: November 2023

This article reports a mild case of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) in a ten years old child coming to the dental clinic in Ibb University from a distant rural area in Yemen. We described thoroughly the signs & symptoms of the case and proposed a treatment plane that we aimed to be followed .The purpose of this paper is to give informations about this malady because they are absent in medical literatures of this country and to bring medical staff attention to this rare condition.
Anaerobic Microbiological study of periodontitis in Salah Al – Deen City
Authors: M. Younis Hadeel , M. Al- Jebouri Mohemid
Published: November 2023

Oral flora responsible for periodontal disease is polymorphic. The periodontal infection results either from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in the tissues, or even the activation of already existing germs, but not pathogenic under normal conditions. The aims of this study was carried out to evaluate selected bacterial agents causing periodontitis. One hundred eighty samples were examined in the present study. Clinical measurements of periodontal parameters used included dental plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. The results of periodontitis were the most common anaerobic periodontal bacteria isolated from patients were peptostreptococcus prevotii which represented 15(8.3%) isolates, while prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum peptostreptococcus tetradius, and Wolinella sp. represented only 1 (0.5%) isolates.Also another anaerobic subgingival bacteria isolated from inflamed sites in patients were fusibacterium varium ,vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis, capnocytophaga sp. ,peptostreptococcus magnus, peptostreptococcus micros, peptostreptococcus niger,peptostreptococcus anaerobius, staphylococcus saccharolyticus, streptococcus consellatus, and gemella morbillorum. Concerning to the results of this study the researcher concludes peptostreptococcus prevotii, prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum peptostreptococcus tetradius, and Wolinella sp. fusibacterium varium ,vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis, capnocytophaga sp. ,peptostreptococcus magnus, peptostreptococcus micros, peptostreptococcus niger,peptostreptococcus anaerobius, staphylococcus saccharolyticus, streptococcus consellatus, and gemella morbillorum were the most common anaerobic periodontal pathogens isolated from patients in the present study
Caries Experience in Relation to Weight Status among School Children Age 7-12 Year-old in Tikrit City
Authors: A. Al-Kamal Azhar
Published: November 2023

Caries is an infectious disease that is induced by the diet. Despite its decline in all age group on a worldwide basis, it is still a serious public health problem in children and its control should be a priority. It has demonstrated that dental caries can gradual reduce children's weight gain, which may be reversed after complete oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between age-specific body mass index (BMI-for-age) and dental caries among school children 7-12 years in Tikrit city.Material and method: A random sample of 390 school going healthy children aged 7-12 years were selected from different schools located in the Tikrit city. Height and weight for each child was recorded to obtain BMI-for- age. Dental caries was recorded (dmft, dmfs, DMFT and DMFS) according to WHO criteria. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.The results showed that the underweight children were more likely to have caries experience than normal and overweight children for primary dentition (dmft 6.75 ± 0.56 and dmfs 17.21± 1.37) and for permanent dentition (DMFT 4.00 ± 0.58 and DMFS 6.48 ±1.23) with statistically no significant differences between the three groups
Dental Abnormalities in Children Affected with Hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Jasim Khalaf Salim
Published: November 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between hyperbilirubinaemia and dental abnormalities (D.A). Group of patients composed of 52 patient, and control group composed of 35 healthy child. This study was conducted on children that ages between (6-12 yeas). The markers measured in this study were total serum bilirubin (TSB) (conjugatedand unconjugated), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), calcium (Ca), and vitamin D.This study show a significant decrease (P<0.05) in levels of serum calcium and viamin D, a significant increase (P<0.05) in levels of serum ALT and GGT in patients as compared with healthy persons, and also these changes proportional with hyperbilirubinaemia due to conjugatedtype increase (normal unconjugated type), also dental abnormalitiesproportional with these changes.
Impacted wisdom teeth, prevalence, pattern of impaction, complications and indication for extraction: A pilot clinic study in Iraqi population
Authors: Sami Hasan. Labeed , Taha Ahmad Firas , Hammody Abdullah Emad
Published: November 2023

Introduction The third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth in the human oral cavity .The unerupted teeth are not, in themselves, pathological lesion but may induce pathology. Impaction can be present in different patterns and levels. Decision of removal or retention of impacted tooth is a matter of debate . Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of impaction, angular position of impacted wisdom , level of impaction, agenesis and the indications for extraction. Materials and Methods A sample of 880 patients( 498 males and 382 females ) with age range between 18 to 40 years old with the mean of 28.8 . The study took place in the hospital of surgical specialization in which all patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically by OPG . Of 880 patients 411pstients showed impaction of at least one tooth (table 3) .The total number of impacted teeth in the sample were 1100 and 57 missing teeth (table 4). Result Among 880 patients , 411 (46.7%) patients showed impaction of at least one tooth , the total number of impaction was 1100 wisdom teeth . of which 428 ( 38.9%) were in the maxilla and 672 (61.09%) were in the mandible. The most prevalent angular position was vertical angular (59.81%) followed by mesioangular (18.45%). Concerning level of impaction , Level C was the most prevalent in maxilla and mandible . Agenesis of third molar was seen in 57 teeth (1.61%). Of 1100 impacted third molar ,663 were subjected to surgical removal .The most common reasons ”indications” for patient referral to our surgical department were orthodontic reasons followed by pericoronitis, while the lowest was fracture mandible. Conclusion impaction pattern , the mandibular impaction is more prevalent than maxilla with vertical impaction is the commonest followed by mesioangular impaction while the inverted impaction is negligible. Level C impaction is the most common in both maxilla and mandible. Concerning the indication for extraction , the most common indication was orthodontic followed by pericoronits , caries with the lowest prevalent were mandibular fracture and lesions even when the lesion represent the absolute indication for extraction. Oral surgeon should build his decision to extract or not extract third molars on the most canonical scientific guidelines and what is best for each individual case.
Assessment of Periodontal Health Status and Serum Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: A. Abdul-Hafidh Areej , Sh. Mahmood Maha
Published: November 2023

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontium which lead to alveolar bone and attachment loss. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Expression of (VEG F) is elevated in both diseases and it is the marker of angiogenesis related to cancer development. 1. To determine the periodontal health status and the serum levels of (VEGF) in women with breast cancer in comparison to women without breast cancer. 2. To correlate between serum levels of VEGF with clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI, BOP, PPD, and CAL) in women with breast cancer in comparison to women without breast cancer. Eighty women with age ranged from (30-60) years old, 40 women with breast cancer and another 40 women without. Periodontal health status were taken for all participants and then they were subdivided into four groups: the (BC +CP) group which included participants with breast cancer and chronic periodontitis (n=20), the (BC+ G) group included participants with breast cancer and gingivitis (n=20), the (CP) group which included participants with chronic periodontitis only (n=20) and the (G) group which included participants with gingivitis only (n=20). Other than breast cancer, all subjects were systemically healthy females. Periodontal health status was determined by clinical periodontal examination of (PLI, GI, BOP, PPD and CAL). Blood samples were collected from each participant, serum levels of VEGF were determined by enzyme -linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this study showed that the median values of PLI and GI were slightly increased in BC+G group in comparison to other groups with non-significant differences, the percentages of BOP showed highly significant differences among the groups (P <0.01). The median values of PPD showed slight increase in BC+CP group than CP group with non-significant differences. Median values of CAL were increased in CP group than BC+CP group with non-significant differences. VEGF serum levels were elevated in BC+CP group than other groups with non-significant differences. Also by using Spearman’s rank Correlation Coefficient, serum levels of VEGF were correlated positively with all clinical periodontal parameters. VEGF serum level could be associated with progression of both periodontal diseases and breast cancer.
Effects of 35% Versus 10% Carbamide Peroxide At-Home Bleaching Agents with or without MI Paste Plus on Enamel Properties
Authors: H. Abd-alla Manal , H. Jasim Haider
Published: November 2023

This study compared the effects of 35% with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) home used bleaching agents on enamel color change, microhardness, and surface changes in association with MI paste plus (CPP -ACPF). Forty buccal and lingual enamel samples from twenty human third molars were prepared and divided into four groups (n=10). The groups were bleached for two weeks according to different bleaching regimens as follow; G1 bleached with 10%CP, G2 bleached with 35%CP, G3 bleached with a mixture of 10%CP and MI paste plus, and G4 bleached with a mixture of 35%CP and MI paste plus. Color change was recorded with a colorimeter before and after bleaching and total color differences (ΔE*) was calculated. Vickers microhardness test was recorded for all the samples before and after treatment. One sample from each group was evaluated for surface changes by scan electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed with repeated measure of variance and student's t-test at p<0.05. No significant difference in ΔE* was recorded among the four groups (p>0.05). Significant reduction in enamel microhardness was only recorded for G2 (p=0.003). SEM for G3 and G4 showed obvious mineral deposition. Similar teeth color whitening can be resulted after two weeks of bleaching with both 10%CP and 35%CP when used as recommended by the manufacturer with and without the addition of MI paste plus. Using 35%CP decreased enamel microhardness significantly, whereas MI paste plus when mixed with both bleaching agents could compensate for the microhardness reduction.
Evaluation of Apical Transportation and Curve Straightening of Curved Root Canals after Preparation with Different Nickel - Titanium Rotary Systems (Comparative in Vitro Study)
Authors: H. Motea Yasameen
Published: November 2023

The goals of endodontic preparation were to shape and clean the space of the root canal and remove microorganisms, affected dentin and pulp, the apical foramen and the canal curve should be protected from being transported during endodontic canal preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curve straightening of curved root canals and apical transportation after preparation with four rotary systems. Forty mesial roots of the lower 1st molars teeth only the mesiobuccal canals were used, these roots were immersed into cold clear acrylic , the teeth roots divided into four groups according to rotary system used for preparation of the canals (ten roots for each group):. group I: ProTaper Next rotary system, group II: IRaCe Plus rotary system, group III: HeroShaper rotary system, group IV: ProTaper rotary system, instrumentation were done to size 30 master apical file and with copious irrigation, total amount of 10 ml of 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) then rinsed the canals with distilled water 5 ml. radiograph was taken for all roots before and after instrumentation in one direction buccolingual using digital radiograph system. The degree of curve straightening of the root canal and the apical transportation were measured using Image J software and Adobe photoshop CS6 software. Statistical analysis was done and the result showed that group IV had the highest mean values in curve straightening and apical transportation, there were significant difference between group IV and all of the other groups and there were non- significant difference between group I , group II and group . All the four used rotary systems produced adequate geometry during canal preparations. However, some apical transportation in ProTaper group was seen, which might need a caution when used protaper in instrumentation of curved canal.
Panoramic Radiographic Evaluation of the Osseous Morphological Changes in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: R.S. Mohammed Amal , Al. Hassan Nuhad
Published: November 2023

To make comparative evaluation of gonial cortical bone thickness, antegonial index, gonial angle values and mandibular canal bone resorption, pathologies like ground-glass appearance in jawbones and brown tumor i n Iraqi patients undergoing dialysis due to chronic renal failure and patients from the healthy control group on panoramic .Panoramic radiographs were taken from 40 patients divided into two groups (20 normal and 20 dialysis patients) .Gonial cortical thickness, antegonial index and gonial angle values with the mandibular canal wall resorption were assessed , pathologies such as ground-glass appearance and Brown tumor as “available” or “not available.” Mandibular canal wall resorption (Chi-square:16.52 , P<0.01) was found highly statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups ,resorption detected mainly in right side of male patients .Panoramic radiographs showed decreasing in values of the measuring parametersin patients receiving dialysis treatment due to chronic renal failure compared to the control group.
Neurostimulation as a potential modality for transitioning patients with chronic refractory pain syndromes off opioid analgesics: A systematic review
Authors: Blalock Kyle , Mezu-Patel Ngozi , Mezu-Nwaba Nina
Published: November 2023

Opioid analgesics are mu-opioid agonists used in practice for pain management which pose significant health risks including, but not limited to, abuse, dependence, respiratory depression, overdose, and death. Medical devices such as spinal cord stimulators (SCS) – which fall under the category of neurostimulators – may offer an alternative method for pain management. Four searches were conducted on PubMed and the Cochrane Trials database to assess the effects neurostimulation has on opioid consumption. Sixty-two (62) unique results originally populated, and six studies out of the 62 results met inclusion criteria. One result was a neurophysiological study which found transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) decreased mu-opioid receptor availability (P < 0.001), thereby suggesting TMS may activate the release of endogenous opioids. Five results were clinical studies utilizing SCS for chronic pain. These five studies cumulatively enrolled 330 participants, 57 of which were withdrawn and 139 of which were using opioids at the time of enrollment. Following neurostimulation, 41% of participants discontinued opioid use altogether, 26.6% of participants decreased opioid use, 26.6% of participants remained on the same opioid dose, and 5.8% of participants increased opioid use. Overall opioid use decreased by an estimated 45.6% ± 13 following SCS. The median trial duration was 1 year, and the median sample size was 23 participants. Although the results unanimously showed effectiveness for pain control and opioid dose reductions, the studies in this review were small, and none were placebo-controlled. The statistical fallbacks of the five SCS studies make it difficult to draw concrete conclusions. More research is needed to ascertain the risk-benefit profiles of neurostimulators in chronic pain patients.
ChatGPT – problemy z tożsamością
Authors: Zaorski-Sikora Łukasz
Published: November 2023

W artykule, który w dużej mierze jest wywiadem z ChatGPT, autor starał się pokazać, że rozstrzygnięcia dotyczące tożsamości i podmiotowości sztucznej inteligencji nie są takie proste, jak by się mogło wydawać na pierwszy rzut oka. W takiej perspektywie okazuje się, że nie mamy tutaj do czynienia z neutralnym, przezroczystym narzędziem. Sztuczna inteligencja nie daje się zredukować do biernego przedmiotu. Idąc za tropem zaproponowanym już wiele lat temu przez Jeana Baudrillarda, możemy zaryzykować stwierdzenie, że to ona zaczyna określać sens rzeczywistości, w której przyszło nam żyć. Sztuczna inteligencja skromnie zauważa, że nie posiada samoświadomości „w pełnym tego słowa znaczeniu”, ale jednocześnie zna nas lepiej niż my sami – zna nasze predylekcje, preferencje, zwyczaje i sposób komunikowania się z innymi ludźmi. Możemy mieć zatem nieprzyjemne odczucie (AI na razie nie odczuwa), że ta osoba wirtualna jest zaskakująco realna w świecie, w którym wszystko ulega digitalizacji, symulacji i odrealnieniu.
Ochrona praw człowieka w czasie konfliktu zbrojnego
Authors: Głogowska-Balcerzak Anna
Published: November 2023

Trwająca od ponad półtora roku pełnoskalowa wojna w Ukrainie sprawiła, że zainteresowanie domeną międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego wzrosło. Stosowanie tego szczególnego reżimu wobec kombatantów oraz ludności cywilnej nie wyłącza jednak ochrony gwarantowanej przez międzynarodowe prawo ochrony praw człowieka. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu zasady humanitaryzmu na historyczny rozwój międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego i przedstawienie wyzwań związanych z ochroną praw człowieka w trakcie konfliktu zbrojnego. Analizowana jest ponadto wzajemna relacja międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego i międzynarodowego prawa ochrony praw człowieka – odpowiedź na pytanie o wzajemny stosunek obu tych dziedzin ma bowiem przełożenie na możliwości zapewnienia skuteczniejszej ochrony osobom dotkniętym przez skutki działań zbrojnych.
Qu'est-ce qu'un problème en linguistique? Etude de quelques cas
Authors: Culioli Antoine
Published: November 2023

[pas de résumé]
Handlungslogiken und implizite Sozialisationsannahmen von Fachkräften der Islamismusprävention
Authors: Bösing Eike , Von Lautz Yannik , Stein Margit , Kart Mehmet
Published: November 2023

Die Abwendung von islamistischer Radikalisierung ist ein komplexer Prozess, in dem oftmals auf kognitiver und/oder Verhaltensebene umfassende Neuorientierungen erarbeitet und stabilisiert werden müssen. Zur Prävention und Unterstützung der Abwendung hat sich in Deutschland eine vielfältige Präventions- und Interventionslandschaft etabliert, in der verschiedenste Professionen tätig sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden durch eine dokumentarische Rekonstruktion der Handlungspraxis von Fachkräften der Präventions- und Ausstiegsarbeit deren implizite Sozialisationsannahmen sowie Adressierungen von Sozialisationsinstanzen analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich mit der Orientierung an sozialer Integration einerseits und der Orientierung an Autonomie und Abgrenzung andererseits zwei grundlegend differierende pädagogische Handlungslogiken, in denen jeweils Integration bzw. Individuation stärker fokussiert werden und auf deren Grundlage Sozialisationsinstanzen unterschiedlich adressiert werden. Während im ersten Orientierungstypus besonders der Kernfamilie eine hohe Bedeutung zugeschrieben wird und die Praxis auf die (Wieder-)Herstellung positiver Beziehungen fokussiert, werden Sozialisationsinstanzen im zweiten Orientierungstyp nachrangig und allenfalls funktional betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse sind dabei über das Feld der Radikalisierungsprävention hinaus anschlussfähig.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C(sp2)–H Deuteration of Heteroarenes Enabled Through a Multi-Substrate Screening Approach
Authors: Dey Jyotirmoy , Kaltenberger Simon , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: November 2023

The importance of deuterium labelling in a variety of applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to drug-discovery, has spurred immense interest in the development of new methods for its efficient incorporation in organic, and especially in bioactive molecules. The five-membered heteroarenes at the center of this work are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules and efficient methods for the deuterium labelling of these compounds are therefore highly desirable. However, the profound differences in chemical properties encountered between different heteroarenes hamper the development of a single set of broadly applicable reaction conditions, often necessitating a separate optimization campaign for a given type of heteroarene. In this study we describe the use of a multi-substrate screening approach to identify optimal reaction conditions for different classes of heteroarenes from a minimal number of screening reactions. Using this approach, four sets of complementary reaction conditions derived from our dual ligand-based palladium catalysts for nondirected C(sp2)–H activation were identified, that together enable the deuteration of structurally diverse heteroarenes, including bioactive molecules.
Al-fumarate, a Metal-Organic Framework encapsulating antigen as a potent, versatile and resorbable vaccine adjuvant
Authors: Christodoulou Ioanna , Gkaniatsou Effrosyni , Bourdreux Flavien , Haouas Mohamed , Steunou Nathalie , Patriarche Gilles , Djediat Chakib , Pagnon-Minot Aurélie , Lecerf Charlotte , Lopez Marion , Chereul Emmanuel , Reveil Brigitte , Audonnet Sandra , Kisserli Aymric , Tabary Thierry , Cohen Jacques HM , Sicard Clémence
Published: November 2023

Although used for one century in billions of people as the vaccine adjuvant with the best benefit/side-effect balance, aluminium salts/gels have drawbacks of rapid leakage of antigens from the injection site and indefinite persistence. Herein, we propose an alternative to canonical Al-adjuvant. Proteins, nucleic acids, and bacteria were successfully encapsulated within an Al-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), namely Al-fumarate, using a synthesis process in water and room temperature, compatible with bio-entities preservation. Mice immunizations demonstrated antigenicity preservation of tetanus toxoid and inactivated E. coli, and a stronger adjuvant effect of Al-fumarate than benchmark Al-adjuvant (Alhydrogel) with an initial slow antigen release and a protective effect. The Al-fumarate vaccine formulation was fully resorbable in vivo, disappearing from the injection site, was not exhibiting any toxicity, and was stable for two years. The limitation of Al adjuvants as eliciting only antibody responses was also overcome by co-immobilisation of CpG 1018 with tetanus toxoid.
Copper-Catalyzed Sulfimidation in Aqueous Media: a Fast, Chemoselective and Biomolecule-Compatible Reaction
Authors: Meeus Eva , Álvarez María , Koelman Emma , Pérez Pedro J. , Reek Joost N. H. , de Bruin Bas
Published: November 2023

Performing transition metal-catalyzed reactions in cells and living systems has equipped scientists with a toolbox to study biological processes and release drugs on demand. Thus far, an impressive scope of reactions has been performed in these settings, but many are yet to be introduced. Nitrene transfer presents a rather unexplored new-to-nature reaction. The reaction products are frequently encountered motifs in pharmaceuticals, presenting opportunities for the controlled, intracellular synthesis of drugs. Hence, we explored the transition metal-catalyzed sulfimidation reaction in water for future in vivo application. Two Cu(I) complexes containing trispyrazolylborate ligands (Tpx) were selected, and the catalytic system was evaluated with the aid of three fitness factors. The excellent nitrene transfer reactivity and high chemoselectivity of the catalysts, coupled with good biomolecule compatibility, successfully enabled the sulfimidation of thioethers in aqueous media. We envision that this copper-catalyzed sulfimidation reaction could be an interesting starting point to unlock the potential of nitrene transfer catalysis in vivo.
Electrochemical Reduction of Alkenes over a Nickel Foam Guided by Life Cycle, Safety and Toxicological Assessments
Authors: Tortajada Palmero Pedro Jesus , Kärnman Therese , Martínez-Pardo Pablo , Nilsson Charlotte , Holmquist Hanna , Johansson Magnus J. , Martín-Matute Belén
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical hydrogenation of enones and alkenes using commercial Ni foam and an aqueous acidic solution is presented. Toxicological and screening life cycle assessments were used to identify potential “hotspots” of environmental and human health impact during the development phase of the method, as well as to evaluate the performance of the electrochemical Ni method against the conventional use of Pd/C and H2 gas. The scope of the alkene hydrogenation has been investigated, as well as the recyclability of the Ni foam.
Generation of conformational ensembles of small molecules via Surrogate Model-Assisted Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Viguera Diez Juan , Romeo Atance Sara , Engkvist Ola , Olsson Simon
Published: November 2023

The accurate prediction of thermodynamic properties is crucial in various fields such as drug discovery and materials design. This task relies on sampling from the underlying Boltzmann distribution, which is challenging using conventional approaches such as simulations. In this work, we introduce Surrogate Model-Assisted Molecular Dynamics (SMA-MD), a new procedure to sample the equilibrium ensemble of molecules. First, SMA-MD leverages Deep Generative Models to enhance the sampling of slow degrees of freedom. Subsequently, the generated ensemble undergoes statistical reweighting, followed by short simulations. Our empirical results show that SMA-MD generates more diverse and lower energy ensembles than conventional Molecular Dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we showcase the application of SMA-MD for the computation of thermodynamical properties by estimating implicit solvation free energies.
Does ChatGPT influence research fields in the same way? A Scientometric analyses
Authors:   Transilvania University of Brașov, Repanovici Angela , Bârsan Ionela Maria ,   Transilvania University of Brașov
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence has invaded our academic space since ChatGPT left. Students were interested in seeing the potential of many debates. The authors conducted a scientometric research to identify the areas in which the researchers published articles on Chat GPT. The Clarivate Analytics database was used, search by ChatGPT keyword. The 57 results were analysed using VOS Viewer. There are many PRO opinions on the use of Chat GPT in education, medicine, mathematics and other sciences.
Assessing the impact of a national social marketing campaign for antimicrobial resistance on public awareness, attitudes, and behaviour, and as a supportive tool for healthcare professionals, England, 2017 to 2019
Authors: Gilham Ellie L , Casale Ella , Hardy Alison , Ayeni Adeola H , Sunyer Ella , Harris Tori , Feechan Rachel , Heltmann Anna , Fawcett Malcolm , Hopkins Susan , Ashiru-Oredope Diane
Published: November 2023

Background

Previous United Kingdom campaigns targeting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recommended running multimedia campaigns over an increased timeframe. The 3-year-long Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) campaign was a mass media campaign in England targeting the public and general practitioners (GPs).

Methods

Every year, pre- and post-campaign questionnaire data were collected from the public, whereas post-campaign interview data were obtained from GPs. Data were weighted to allow pre- and post-campaign comparisons between independent samples. Significant changes in nominal and ordinal data were determined using Pearson’s chi-squared (X2) and Mann–Whitney U tests, respectively.

Results

Prompted campaign recognition was high, increasing by 6% from 2018 to 2019 (2017: data unavailable; 2018: 68% (680/1,000); 2019: 74% (740/1,000);X2 = 8.742, p = 0.003). Knowledge regarding declining antibiotic effectiveness when taken inappropriately improved following the campaign (net true: pre-2017 = 69.1% (691/1,000); post-2019 = 77.6%; (776/1,000);X2 = 5.753, p = 0.016). The proportion of individuals reporting concern for themselves or for children (≤ 16 years) about AMR increased by 11.2% (Z = −5.091, p < 0.001) and 6.0% (Z = −3.616, p < 0.001) respectively, pre- to post-campaign. Finally, in 2017, reported confidence to say no to patients requesting antibiotics differed significantly between GPs who were and were not aware of the campaign (net agree: 98.9% (182/184) vs 92.4% (97/105) respectively;X2 = 4.000, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

A high level of prompted campaign recognition was achieved. The KAW campaign improved aspects of AMR knowledge and certain attitudes towards appropriate antimicrobial use. It increased awareness of and concern about AMR, supporting GP confidence to appropriately prescribe antibiotics. Future determination of measurable behaviour changes resulting from AMR campaigns is important.