bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host‐parasite interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids
Authors: Gelman Dale B. , Gerling Dan , Blackburn Michael B. , Hu Jing S.
Published: November 2005

There is relatively little information available concerning the physiological and biochemical interactions between whiteflies and their parasitoids. In this report, we describe interactions between aphelinid parasitoids and their aleyrodid hosts that we have observed in four host‐parasite systems: Bemisia tabaci/Encarsia formosa, Trialeurodes vaporariorum/E. formosa, B. tabaci/Eretmocerus mundus, and T. lauri/Encarsia scapeata. In the absence of reported polydnavirus and teratocytes, these parasitoids probably inject and/or produce compounds that interfere with the host immune response and also manipulate host development to suit their own needs. In addition, parasitoids must coordinate their own development with that of their host. Although eggs are deposited under all four instars of B. tabaci, Eretmocerus larvae only penetrate 4th instar B. tabaci nymphs. A pre‐penetrating E. mundus first instar was capable of inducing permanent developmental arrest in its host, and upon penetration stimulated its host to produce a capsule (epidermal in origin) in which the parasitoid larva developed. T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci parasitized by E. formosa initiated adult development, and, on occasion, produced abnormal adult wings and eyes. In these systems, the site of parasitoid oviposition depended on the host species, occurring within or pressing into the ventral ganglion in T. vaporariorum and at various locations in B. tabaci. E. formosa's final larval molt is cued by the initiation of adult development in its host. In the T. lauri‐E. scapeata system, both the host whitefly and the female parasitoid diapause during most of the year, i.e., from June until the middle of February (T. lauri) or from May until the end of December (E. scapeata). It appears that the growth and development of the insects are directed by the appearance of new, young foliage on Arbutus andrachne, the host tree. When adult female parasitoids emerged in the spring, they laid unfertilized male‐producing eggs in whiteflies containing a female parasitoid [autoparasitism (development of male larvae utilizing female parasitoid immatures for nutrition)]. Upon hatching, these male larvae did not diapause, but initiated development, and the adult males that emerged several weeks later mated with available females to produce the next generation of parasitoid females. Thus, the interactions that exist between whiteflies and their parasitoids are complex and can be quite diverse in the various host‐parasitoid systems. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 60:209–222, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanded bed adsorption as a primary recovery step for the isolation of the insulin precursor MI3 process development and scale up
Authors: Brixius Peter , Mollerup Inger , Jensen Ole Elvang , Halfar Markus , Thömmes Jörg , Kula Maria‐Regina
Published: November 2005

Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) was evaluated for the isolation of the human insulin precursor MI3, expressed and secreted by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The isoelectric point of the insulin precursor (pH 5.3) makes cation exchange a prime candidate for direct adsorption. In order to find a suitable window of operation for the process the adsorption equilibrium was analysed in a wide range of operating conditions (pH and conductivity) and for three different stationary phases. The same array of operating conditions was examined with regard to stable fluidisation of the adsorbents in S. cerevisiae suspensions. Interactions of the yeast with the fluidised stationary phase were investigated by a pulse response technique and the hydrodynamics of the fluidised bed under process conditions by residence time distribution analysis. The case study demonstrates that by parallel examination of product binding and fluidisation quality a window of operation can be found. Analysis of the binding kinetics by breakthrough experiments and modelling led to the definition of a set of operating conditions, which yield a compromise between optimal use of the equilibrium capacity provided by the adsorbent and high throughput required for an industrial separation. After initial experiments on the bench scale the protocol was transferred successfully to pilot scale demonstrating the design of a reliable operation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of erythrocyte deformability during capillary wetting
Authors: Zhou Ronghui , Gordon Jason , Palmer Andre F. , Chang Hsueh‐Chia
Published: November 2005

Deformability of erythrocyte was found to fundamentally alter the wetting dynamics of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions during their invasion into capillaries. Normal RBC suspensions failed to penetrate more than 1 cm into a glass capillary when the capillary radius was smaller than a critical value that is dependent on the erythrocyte concentration (about 50 µm for whole blood). In contrast, suspensions of rigidified RBCs, after cross‐linking with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde or incubating with 100 ng/mL of an endotoxin, could penetrate any capillary larger than the erythrocyte dimension. The effect of RBC deformability on penetration was attributed to the enhanced shear‐induced migration of normal deformable RBCs toward the capillary centreline, which imparted a higher average velocity to the RBCs than the average plasma velocity. As a result, the erythrocytes advanced into the capillary faster than the wetting meniscus, packing behind it to form a concentrated slug. This tightly packed slug had a high hydrodynamic resistance that could arrest the penetrating flow of concentrated suspensions into the small capillaries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High yield production of a mutant Nippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase in Pichia pastoris and its purification
Authors: Richter Sven , Nieveler Jens , Schulze Holger , Bachmann Till T. , Schmid Rolf D.
Published: November 2005

The mutant M301A of the acetylcholinesterase B from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NbAChE) was produced in a high‐cell‐density fermentation of a recombinant methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Dissolved oxygen (DO) spikes were used as an indicator for feeding the carbon source. Wet cell weight (WCW) reached after 8 days a maximum value of 316 g/L and the OD600 at this time was 280. The acetylcholinesterase activity increased up to 6,600 U/mL corresponding to an expression rate of 2 g of NbAChE per liter supernatant. The specific activity of the mutant NbAChE was determined after purification as 3,300 U/mg. Active site titration with chlorpyrifos, a strong AChE inhibitor, yielded in a specific activity of 3,400 U/mg. The enzyme was secreted by Pichia pastoris. Therefore, it could be concentrated from culture broth by cross‐flow‐filtration (50 kDa cut‐off membrane). It was further purified in one‐step anion‐exchange chromatography, using a XK 50/20 column filled with 125 mL Q Sepharose HP. Mutant NbAChE was purified 1.9‐fold up to a purity of 97% and a yield of 87%. The isolated enzyme was nearly homogenous, as seen on the silver stained SDS–PAGE as well as by a single peak after gel filtration. This extraordinary high expression rate and the ease of purification is an important prerequisite for their practical application, for example in biosensors for the detection of neurotoxic insecticides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological studies of eicosapentaenoic acid production in the marine microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta
Authors: Hsiao Tracy Y. , Blanch Harvey W.
Published: November 2005

We describe the characterization of the microalga Glossomastix chrysoplasta, an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) producer in the Pinguiophyceae class, Chromophyte division. Growth conditions were selected to optimize algal growth and EPA production. EPA represented up to 30% of the fatty acid content of Glossomastix chrysoplasta, at levels of 22 mg EPA per gram dry weight. Up to 72% of the EPA was produced as glycolipids, components of structural lipids. The optimal growth conditions in continuous culture were found to be greater than 500 µmol photons/m2 · s light intensity, 0.33/day dilution rate, pH 7.20–7.45, and a temperature of 18–20°C. Macronutrient studies indicated the limiting nutrient to be bicarbonate or dissolved carbon dioxide, and consequently decreasing pH increased EPA production. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Crystal Structure of the Mixed‐Layer Aurivillius Phase Bi5Ti1.5W1.5O15.
Authors: Tellier J. , Boullay Ph. , Creon N. , Mercurio D.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Characterization of LnBaCo2O6‐δ Phases (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho).
Authors: Anderson P. S. , Kirk C. A. , Knudsen J. , Reaney I. M. , West A. R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure and Vibrational Properties of KMg4(PO4)3.
Authors: Tomaszewski Pawel Edward , Maczka Miroslaw , Majchrowski Andrzej , Waskowska Alicja , Hanuza Jerzy
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Shape‐Induced Enhanced Luminescent Properties of Red Phosphors: Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu3+ Nanotubes.
Authors: Wan Junxi , Wang Zhenghua , Chen Xiangying , Mu Li , Qian Yitai
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Zwitterion Effect in Ionic Liquids: Towards Practical Rechargeable Lithium‐Metal Batteries.
Authors: Byrne Nolene , Howlett Patrick C. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gold Supported on a Mesoporous CeO2 Matrix as an Efficient Catalyst in the Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes in the Liquid Phase.
Authors: Corma Avelino , Domine Marcelo E.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Production of (R)‐Chiral Alcohols by a Hydrogen‐Transfer Bioreduction with NADH‐Dependent Leifsonia Alcohol Dehydrogenase (LSADH).
Authors: Inoue Kousuke , Makino Yoshihide , Itoh Nobuya
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Mlinaric‐Majerski Kata , Margeta Renato , Veljkovic Jelena
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bromine Complexes of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Supports: A Mild Reagent for the Transformation of α‐Oxoketene Dithioacetals to β‐Oxothiolesters
Authors: Mathew Paulson , Nair Satheesh K. , Sreedhar K. M. , Pillai V. N. Rajasekharan , Asokan C. V.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent‐Free Catalytic Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Aromatic Compounds with Carboxylic Acids by Using a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst System: p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid/Graphite.
Authors: Hosseini Sarvari Mona , Sharghi Hashem
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Lithium Binaphtholate Aqua Complex as a Highly Effective Asymmetric Catalyst for Cyanohydrin Synthesis.
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Ikeno Takumi , Miyamato Takashi , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Vinyl Sulfides.
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Wang Guoping
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of 1,8‐Diiodoanthracene and Its Application to the Synthesis of Multiple Phenylethynyl‐Substituted Anthracenes.
Authors: Goichi Michio , Segawa Kazushi , Suzuki Shinya , Toyota Shinji
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regioselective Rearrangement of 2‐Substituted Vinylepoxides Catalyzed by Gallium(III) Triflate.
Authors: Deng Xian‐Ming , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heterodimerization Reaction of 2,3‐Allenamides and 1,2‐Allenyl Ketones: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐(Furan‐3′‐yl)‐2(5H)‐furanimines.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Gu Zhenhua , Yu Zhanqian
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New and Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Functionalized Benzo[b]furans from 2,3‐Dihalophenols.
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Castroviejo M. Pilar , Fernandez Yolanda , Fananas Francisco J.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Spirooxindoles via Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Ding Ke , Wang Guoping , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Parrish Damon A. , Wang Shaomeng
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of 4‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted Indazole Derivatives by Palladium‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: El Kazzouli Said , Bouissane Latifa , Khouili Mostafa , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Isomeric Arylchloropyruvates and Glycidates with Hydrazines.
Authors: Mamedov V. A. , Mustakimova L. V. , Gubaidullin A. T. , Litvinov I. A. , Levin Ya. A.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Uncommon Heterocyclization into a Pyrazole System of Z‐3‐(2‐Naphthyl)‐3‐chloro‐2‐propenal Semicarbazone and Thiosemicarbazone.
Authors: Vashkevich E. V. , Potkin V. I. , Kozlov N. G.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Addition Approach to Asymmetric Amine Synthesis: Design, Implementation, and Comparison of Chiral N‐Acylhydrazones.
Authors: Friestad Gregory K. , Draghici Cristian , Soukri Mustapha , Qin Jun
Published: November 2005

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Heterocycles Synthesis Based on Arylation Products of Unsaturated Compounds. Part 7. Reactions of 2‐Aryl‐1,4‐benzoquinones with Dithiol Compounds.
Authors: Obushak N. D. , Martyak R. L. , Matiichuk V. S.
Published: November 2005

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Synthesis of 3‐(6‐R‐Benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐methyl‐1,2,5‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Borisevich A. N. , Samoilenko L. S. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Expedient Access to Bromo‐Pyridine Carbaldehyde Scaffolds Using gem‐Dibromomethyl Intermediates.
Authors: Mandal Ashis Baran , Augustine John Kallikat , Quattropani Anna , Bombrun Agnes
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Proteinase.
Authors: Bennett Frank
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Methyl‐4‐quinolyl Isothiocyanates and 4‐Mercaptoquinolines
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Aleksanyan I. L. , Ambartsumyan L. P.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐4‐aminoquinolines and 2‐Aryl‐4‐amino[1,8]naphthyridines.
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Canevari Valentina , Capezzuto Luca , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: November 2005

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Efficient Synthesis of N‐Alkyl Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Reductive Amination.
Authors: Kumpaty Hephzibah J. , Bhattacharyya Sukanta
Published: November 2005

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The Fluoride Ion Induced Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Propargylsilanes to Dihydropyridones. A Novel Method for the Stereoselective Construction of Azabicyclic Ring Systems.
Authors: Dziedzic Magdalena , Lipner Grzegorz , Illangua Jose M. , Furman Bartlomiej
Published: November 2005

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A Synthetic Route to 11‐(1H‐Pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline Derivatives Exploiting a Three‐Component Coupling Strategy under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Karimi Ali Reza , Kazemizadeh Zahra , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Opportunities for Duff Reaction.
Authors: Belostotskaya I. S. , Komissarova N. L. , Prokof'eva T. I. , Kurkovskaya L. N. , Vol'eva V. B.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Diterpenoids from Stems and Roots of Caesalpinia crista
Authors: Cheenpracha Sarot , Srisuwan Rattikan , Karalai Chatchanok , Ponglimanont Chanita , Chantrapromma Suchada , Chantrapromma Kan , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Anjum Shazia , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of HM‐1 and HM‐2, Aromatic Sesquiterpenes Isolated from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Helicobasidium mompa. Structure Revision of HM‐2.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Ravikumar P. C.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Novel Conformationally Restricted Diazocan Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Interleukin‐1β Synthesis.
Authors: Oppong Kofi A. , et al. et al.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
O‐Methylglucogalloyl Esters: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Antimycotic Activity.
Authors: Romani Annalisa , Menichetti Stefano , Arapitsas Panagiotis , Nativi Cristina , Turchetti Benedetta , Buzzini Pietro
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
cis‐Dihydrodiol, Arene Oxide and Phenol Metabolites of Dictamnine: Key Intermediates in the Biodegradation and Biosynthesis of Furoquinoline Alkaloids.
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , O'Dowd Colin R. , Carroll Jonathan G. , Loke Pui L. , Allen Christopher C. R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Cytotoxicity of Azatyrosinamides Against ras‐Transformed NIH 3T3 Cells.
Authors: Wang H. P. , Hwang T. L. , Lee On , Tseng Y. J. , Shu C. Y. , Lee S. J.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Synthesis of dl‐Febrifugine.
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuo , Oshige Miyo , Azuma Kumiko , Abe Hitoshi , Harayama Takashi
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of Buergerinin F via Effective Construction of the Asymmetric Quaternary Carbons Using an Enantioselective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Kawakita Yo‐ichi , Ibuka Ryoutarou , Yokoyama Kazutoshi , Yamai Yu‐suke
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Design of Thioureido Sulfonamides with Potent Isozyme II and XII Inhibitory Properties and Intraocular Pressure Lowering Activity in a Rabbit Model of Glaucoma.
Authors: Mincione Francesco , Starnotti Michele , Masini Emanuela , Bacciottini Lucia , Scrivanti Chiara , Casini Angela , Vullo Daniela , Scozzafava Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of an N‐Acyl Sulfamate Analogue of Luciferyl‐AMP: A Stable and Potent Inhibitor of Firefly Luciferase.
Authors: Branchini Bruce R. , Murtiashaw Martha H. , Carmody Jill N. , Mygatt Emily E. , Southworth Tara L.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Aminoquinazoline Inhibitors of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases.
Authors: Bathini Yadagiri , Singh Inderjit , Harvey Patricia J. , Keller Paul R. , Singh Rajeshwar , Micetich Ronald G. , Fry David W. , Dobrusin Ellen M. , Toogood Peter L.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ketoheterocycle‐Based Inhibitors of Cathepsin K: A Novel Entry into the Synthesis of Peptidic Ketoheterocycles.
Authors: Tavares Francis X. , Deaton David N. , Miller Aaron B. , Miller Larry R. , Wright Lois L.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lead Optimization of 4‐(Dimethylamino)quinazolines, Potent and Selective Antagonists for the Melanin‐Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1.
Authors: Sekiguchi Yoshinori , et al. et al.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Collective Magnetic Excitations in SrCu2(BO3)2
Authors: Gozar A. , Blumberg G.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Bulk Superconductors and Their Properties of Permanent Magnet Guideway
Authors: Wang J. S. , Wang S. Y.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aspects of NdFeB HDDR Powders: Fundamentals and Processing
Authors: Cannesan N. , Harris I. R.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mixed‐Valence Manganites: Fundamentals and Main Properties
Authors: Gor'kov Lev P. , Kresin Vladimir Z.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Current Understanding of Formation Mechanisms in Surfactant‐Templated Materials
Authors: Edler Karen J.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphomolybdate Clusters as Molecular Building Blocks in the Design of One‐, Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Armatas N. Gabriel , Burkholder Eric , Zubieta Jon
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Properties, Synthesis, and Functionalizations of β‐Lactams
Authors: Troisi Luigino , Granito Catia , Pindinelli Emanuela
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals Using Molecular Chess and Automated Synthesis
Authors: Brimble Margaret A.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Suzuki Reaction for the Synthesis of Nonsymmetric Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Barsu Cyril
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
General and Practical Approach to the Syntheses of Linear Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Cheng Hin‐Soon , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amphiphilic Self‐Organization in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Baker Gary A. , Pandey Siddharth
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Is Circularly Polarized Light an Effective Reagent for Asymmetric Synthesis?
Authors: Pagni Richard M. , Compton Robert N.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zwitterionic “Neutral” and “Anionic” Carbocation Analogues
Authors: Wannere Chaitanya S. , Chen Zhongfang , von Rague Schleyer Paul
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dithiane and Trithiane‐Based Photocleavable Systems for Molecular Assembly and Disassembly
Authors: Kurcham Alexei N. , Shirk Samuel M. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd EnCat: Polyurea‐Encapsulated Catalysts in Parallel Synthesis
Authors: Smith Steve
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peptide Synthesis and Fine Chemistry‐Merging for Progress
Authors: Robin Yves
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Natural Pyranoacridones from Citrus and Sarcomelicope Species as Models for the Conception of New Antitumor Agents
Authors: Tillequin F.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Catalytic Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to Imines: Scope and Application
Authors: Charette Andre B. , Boezio Alessandro A. , Cote Alexandre , Moreau Elaine , Pytkowicz Julien , Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Legault Claude
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vinyl‐ and Arylphosphorus Derivatives
Authors: Minami T. , Okauchi T.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unraveling the Sense of Smell (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Buck Linda B.
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selectivity of Affinity Media in Solid‐Phase Extraction of Analytes
Authors: Haginaka Jun
Published: November 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hormone complement of the Cancer productus sinus gland and pericardial organ: An anatomical and mass spectrometric investigation
Authors: Fu Qiang , Kutz Kimberly K. , Schmidt Joshua J. , Hsu Yun‐Wei A. , Messinger Daniel I. , Cain Shaun D. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , Christie Andrew E. , Li Lingjun
Published: November 2005

In crustaceans, circulating hormones influence many physiological processes. Two neuroendocrine organs, the sinus gland (SG) and the pericardial organ (PO), are the sources of many of these compounds. As a first step in determining the roles played by hemolymph‐borne agents in the crab Cancer productus, we characterized the hormone complement of its SG and PO. We show via transmission electron microscopy that the nerve terminals making up each site possess dense‐core and/or electron‐lucent vesicles, suggesting diverse complements of bioactive molecules for both structures. By using immunohistochemistry, we show that small molecule transmitters, amines and peptides, are among the hormones present in these tissues, with many differentially distributed between the two sites (e.g., serotonin in the PO but not the SG). With several mass spectrometric (MS) methods, we identified many of the peptides responsible for the immunolabeling and surveyed the SG and PO for peptides for which no antibodies exist. By using MS, we characterized 39 known peptides [e.g., β‐pigment‐dispersing hormone (β‐PDH), crustacean cardioactive peptide, and red pigment‐concentrating hormone] and de novo sequenced 23 novel ones (e.g., a new β‐PDH isoform and the first B‐type allatostatins identified from a non‐insect species). Collectively, our results show that diverse and unique complements of hormones, including many previously unknown peptides, are present in the SG and PO of C. productus. Moreover, our study sets the stage for future biochemical and physiological studies of these molecules and ultimately the elucidation of the role(s) they play in hormonal control in C. productus. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:607–626, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segmental and laminar organization of the spinothalamic neurons in cat: Evidence for at least five separate clusters
Authors: Klop Esther Marije , Mouton Leonora J. , Holstege Gert
Published: November 2005

The spinothalamic tract (STT), well known for its role in the relay of information about noxe, temperature, and crude touch, is usually associated with projections from lamina I, but spinothalamic neurons in other laminae have also been reported. In cat, no complete overview exists of the precise location and number of spinal cells that project to the thalamus. In the present study the laminar distribution of retrogradely labeled cells in all spinal segments (C1–Coc2) was investigated after large WGA‐HRP injections in the thalamus. The results show that this distribution of STT cells differed greatly between the different spinal segments. Quantitative analysis showed that there exist at least five separate clusters of spinothalamic neurons. Lamina I neurons in cluster A and lamina V neurons in cluster B are mainly found contralaterally throughout the length of the spinal cord. Cluster C neurons are located bilaterally in the ventrolateral part of laminae VI–VII and lamina VIII of the C1–C3 spinal cord. Cluster D neurons were found contralaterally in lamina VI in the C1–C2 segments, and cluster E neurons were located mainly contralaterally in the medial part of laminae VI–VII and lamina VIII of the lumbosacral cord. Most spinothalamic neurons are not located in the enlargements and most spinothalamic neurons are not located in lamina I, as suggested by several other authors. The location of the spinothalamic neurons shows remarkable similarities, but also differences, with the location of spino‐periaqueductal gray neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:580–595, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased cell proliferation and granule cell number in the dentate gyrus of protein repair‐deficient mice
Authors: Farrar Christine E. , Huang Christine S. , Clarke Steven G. , Houser Carolyn R.
Published: November 2005

Recent studies have demonstrated that mice lacking protein L‐isoaspartate (D‐aspartate) O‐methyltransferase (Pcmt1−/− mice) have alterations in the insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and insulin receptor pathways within the hippocampal formation as well as other brain regions. However, the cellular localization of these changes and whether the alterations might be associated with an increase in cell number within proliferative regions, such as the dentate gyrus, were unknown. In this study, stereological methods were used to demonstrate that these mice have an increased number of granule cells in the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. The higher number of granule cells was accompanied by a greater number of cells undergoing mitosis in the dentate gyrus, suggesting that an increase in neuronal cell proliferation occurs in this neurogenic zone of adult Pcmt1−/− mice. In support of this, increased doublecortin labeling of immature neurons was detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In addition, double immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that phosphorylated IGF‐I/insulin receptors in the subgranular zone were localized on immature neurons, suggesting that the increased activation of one or both of these receptors in Pcmt1−/− mice could contribute to the growth and survival of these cells. We propose that deficits in the repair of isoaspartyl protein damage leads to alterations in metabolic and growth‐receptor pathways, and that this model may be particularly relevant for studies of neurogenesis that is stimulated by cellular damage. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:524–537, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential connections of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex with the orbital and medial prefrontal networks in macaque monkeys
Authors: Kondo Hideki , Saleem Kadharbatcha S. , Price Joseph L.
Published: November 2005

Previous anatomical studies indicate that the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) of monkeys is organized into an “orbital” network, which appears to be related to feeding and reward, and a “medial” network, related to visceral control and emotion. In this study, we examined the connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal networks with the perirhinal (areas 35 and 36) and parahippocampal (areas TF and TH) cortex with anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers. The perirhinal cortex is reciprocally connected with orbital network areas Iapm, Iam, Ial, 13m, 13l, 12r, and 11l. In contrast, the parahippocampal cortex is reciprocally connected with the medial network, especially areas around the corpus callosum (areas 24a/b, caudal 32, and 25), and with area 11m. Projections from the parahippocampal cortex also extend to areas 10m, 10o, Iai, and rostral area 32, as well as to dorsolateral areas 9 and 46. In addition, both the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex are reciprocally connected with areas that are intermediate between the orbital and medial networks (areas 13a, 13b, and 14c) and with the supracallosal area 24a′/b′. Outside the frontal cortex, the perirhinal cortex and the orbital prefrontal network are both interconnected with the ventral part of the temporal pole (TG), area TE and the ventral bank and fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the dysgranular insula. In contrast, the parahippocampal cortex and the medial prefrontal network are connected with the dorsal TG, the rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG) and dorsal bank of STS, and the retrosplenial cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:479–509, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collective Grain Interaction I. New Paradigm for Plasma Crystal Formation
Authors: Tsytovich V.
Published: November 2005

The concept of collective grain interaction in complex plasmas is developed for large non‐linearity in grain screening. It is shown that for the case where the characteristic collective radius exceeds the non‐linear screening radius the collective interactions can fully determine the non‐linear collective attraction well. Based on the physics of collective non‐linear grain attraction a new paradigm for plasma crystal formation is formulated according to which the plasma crystal formation is related with localization of grains in non‐linear collective attraction wells. Nonlinearity in screening is an important feature of new paradigm and takes into account that the grain charges are large in accordance with most experiments where the plasma crystals where observed. The physical consequence of large non‐linearity is the presence of relative large potential well at distances only several times larger then the non‐linear screening radius. The calculated location of the potential well is of the order of the observed inter‐grain distances in plasma crystals and the deepness of the potential well is close to observed temperature of phase transition. The new paradigm considers formation of plasma crystal as result of grain trapping in the collective non‐linear potential well. The grain interactions close to the position of the potential well are in this paradigm relatively weak contrary to previous paradigm relating the plasma crystal formation with strong grain interactions. This new approach opens the possibility for direct calculation of the deepness of the attraction collective well, the critical value of the coupling constant. Results of these calculations show a reasonable agreement with both the observations of crystals in low pressure high‐frequency discharges and in large pressure discharges. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differences in HCV‐specific T cell responses between chronic HCV infection and HIV/HCV co‐infection
Authors: Dutoit Valérie , Ciuffreda Donatella , Comte Denis , Gonvers Jean‐Jacques , Pantaleo Giuseppe
Published: November 2005

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were investigated using a panel of 728 overlapping peptides spanning the whole HCV genome in 47 HCV mono‐infected and 26 HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals using the IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay and flow cytometry. The frequency of HCV‐specific T cell responses was similar (∼40%) in both groups, but the breadth of the T cell responses tended to be reduced in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. Of interest, 23 new HCV‐derived epitopes were identified, and CD4+ HCV‐specific T cell responses were detected overall in a proportion similar to CD8+ T cell responses. A tendency towards a dominant CD8+ T cell response was associated with HIV/HCV co‐infection. HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells secreted both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, although a reduction in the percentage of IL‐2/IFN‐γ‐secreting cells was observed in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals. The increase in CD4+ T cell counts after antiretroviral therapy in HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals was not associated with restoration of HCV‐specific T cell responses. Altogether, these results provide new insights into the characterization of HCV‐specific T cell responses in HCV mono‐infected and HIV/HCV co‐infected individuals.
Amino‐phosphanes in RhI‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation: New Mechanistic Insights Using D2O as Deuterium‐Labeling Agent
Authors: Andrieu Jacques , Camus Jean‐Michel , Balan Cédric , Poli Rinaldo
Published: November 2005

In previous work, we have demonstrated that the dangling amino group in amino‐phosphane ligands increases the rate of Rh‐catalyzed styrene hydroformylation as a function of the amino group basicity and of the distance between the P and N functions. We now report additional stereochemical and mechanistic insights resulting from new catalytic experiments performed with Rh‐α‐P,N catalytic systems in the presence of D2O. In addition to the expected D0 product, the formation of the β‐D1 aldehyde, PhCH(CH2D)CHO was observed in all cases by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, indicating that H/D exchange occurs for the rhodium‐hydride complex. Minor amounts of a β‐D2 product, PhCH(CHD2)CHO, were also formed under certain conditions, demonstrating the reversibility of the olefin coordination step. The composition of the aldehyde mixture is slightly affected by the nature of the catalytic precursor or the P,N ligand used. In the specific case of the α‐P,N ligand [α‐P,N = (SAr,SC)‐Ph2PCH{o‐C6H4Cl(Cr(CO)3)}NHPh], in combination with the [RhCl(COD)]2 precatalyst, products PhCD(CH3)CHO (α‐D1) and PhCD(CH2D)CHO (α,β‐D2) were also produced. This result suggests a reversible deprotonation assisted by an intramolecular H‐bonding interaction between the dangling ammonium function and the carbonyl moiety. This isotopic exchange process decreases the asymmetric induction from 14 to 7 % ee when using the enantiopure version of this ligand. Aldehydes bearing a D atom on the formyl group, e.g. PhCH(CH3)CDO, were never observed. The latter observation excludes protonolysis of the rhodium‐acyl intermediate as the aldehyde forming step. In addition, it also excludes a bimolecular reaction involving the rhodium‐acyl and rhodium‐hydride intermediates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of New Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing Alkenyl‐ and Alkynylphosphane Ligands
Authors: Díez Josefina , Gamasa M. Pilar , Gimeno José , Lastra Elena , Villar Amparo
Published: November 2005

Carbonyl substitution of the complex [RuI(5‐C9H7)(CO)2] with the activated phosphanes Ph2PR (R = CH2CH=CH2, CH2CH2CH=CH2, and C≡CPh) affords the complexes [RuI(5‐C9H7)(CO)(Ph2PR‐P)] [R = CH2CH=CH2 (1a), CH2CH2CH=CH2 (1b), C≡CPh (1c)]. The reaction of the complex [RuCl(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)2] with the corresponding phosphanes, in refluxing THF, gives the complexes [RuCl(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PR‐P)] [R = CH2CH2CH=CH2 (2b), C≡CPh (2c)] by substitution of PPh3. The cationic derivatives [Ru(5‐C9H7)(L)(Ph2PR‐3P,C,C)][X] [L = CO, X = SbF6, R = CH2CH=CH2 (3a), CH2CH2CH=CH2 (3b); L = PPh3, X = PF6, R = CH2CH2CH=CH2 (4b)] have been prepared by treatment of the complexes 1a,b and 2b with a halide abstractor such as AgSbF6 or NaPF6, respectively. Deprotonation reactions of the complexes 3b and 4b with cesium carbonate have beencarried out, giving rise to the neutral complexes [Ru(5‐C9H7)(L)(Ph2PCH2CH=CHCH2‐2P,C)] [L = CO (5a), PPh3 (5b)]. The reaction of complex 3a with MeCN generates the complex [Ru(5‐C9H7)(MeCN)(CO)(Ph2PCH2CH=CH2‐P)][SbF6] (6). The vinylidene [Ru(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PC≡CPh‐P){C=C(Ph)H}][PF6] (7) and allenylidene [Ru(5‐C9H7)(PPh3)(Ph2PC≡CPh‐P)(C=C=CPh2)][PF6] (8) derivatives have been synthesized by reaction of complex 2c with phenylacetylene or 1,1‐diphenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol, respectively. The structures of the derivatives 1c, 3a, and 4b have been determined bysingle‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Determination of Patent Blue V (E131) at a Nafion‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Desimoni Elio , Brunetti Barbara , Cosio Maria Stella
Published: November 2005

Patent Blue V was determined in aqueous solutions at a Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrode using a DPV technique. Preliminary cyclic voltammetric studies allowed to choose the most sensitive peak and a further DPV study allowed determining the analyte in the 10−7–10−6 M range, with a detection limit equal to 7.6×10−8 M, two orders of magnitude lower than at a bare GC electrode. The modified electrode was applied to the analysis of matrices of alimentary concern in presence of tartrazine. Thanks to the method high sensitivity, very diluted samples can be analyzed minimizing the matrix effects.
Genotoxicity of hydrochlorothiazide in cultured human lymphocytes. I. Evaluation of chromosome delay and chromosome breakage
Authors: Andrianopoulos Constantinos , Stephanou Georgia , Demopoulos Nikos A.
Published: November 2005

Hypertension is often treated with diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Previous results on the in vitro genotoxicity of HCTZ are equivocal. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxicity of HCTZ in cultured human lymphocytes using the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay. In addition, micronucleus (MN) induction was analyzed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with an α‐satellite DNA centromeric probe to distinguish between clastogenic and aneugenic effects. Lymphocyte cultures from 32 healthy adults were exposed to 5 and 40 μg/ml HCTZ. Age, gender, and smoking were evaluated as factors affecting the MN analysis. We found that HCTZ increased MN frequencies. FISH analysis revealed that HCTZ exerts its genotoxicity more strongly at the 40 μg/ml concentration, and principally through chromosome delay (aneugenicity). Multiregression analysis of our results confirmed the known effect of age and gender on MN induction in human lymphocytes. Smoking was also a confounding factor for MN induction, especially for centromere‐negative MN frequencies. Under the experimental conditions used, only age had a clear positive effect on the response of lymphocytes to HCTZ. These data indicate that HCTZ produces micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes by a mechanism that involves chromosome delay and to a lesser extent through chromosome breakage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural durability in automotive design
Authors: Thomas J. J. , Nguyen‐Tajan T.M.L. , Burry P.
Published: November 2005

The fatigue design is realized at PSA within a probabilistic approach. This approach takes into account the industrial context of the design. It includes the analysis of customer distribution, the handling of the production scatter, and the definition of relevant loading specifications ad acceptance criterion for the designers. This approach avoids variable amplitude analysis by the mean of an appropriate fatigue equivalence method, and by the mean of the Dang Van criterion for the fatigue analysis of the FEM results. Extension of this work to structures undergoing damage due to vibrations is adressed.
Fatigue behaviour of technical springs
Authors: Kaiser B. , Berger C.
Published: November 2005

Technical Springs belong to the components with the highest cyclic and superposed static load. Nevertheless they have to fulfill the requirements of lightweight constructions. This is only possible, if high strength materials with special properties are carefully manufactured to well designed springs and special additional treatments are carried out, which impose an advantageous residual stress profile in the surface layers of the springs. After a short historical view on the spring research activities in Professor Thums area, some aspects of the fatigue behaviour of hot formed parabolic leaf springs are presented. Then the fatigue properties of cold formed helical compression springs made of different steel spring wires are discussed. Finally some results on the fatigue behaviour of helical springs at a very high number of load cycles are reported.
Effects of MAP kinase inhibitors on epidermal growth factor‐induced neoplastic transformation of human keratinocytes
Authors: Mizuno Hideya , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Ma Wei‐Ya , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang
Published: November 2005

We previously reported data regarding the mechanism of neoplastic transformation in JB6 Cl41 mouse skin epidermal cells. However, experimental in vitro models for studying neoplastic transformation of human cells could provide further insight into the mechanisms of human cancer development. In this study, we have established a neoplastic transformation model with HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, and showed the usefulness of this cell line for studying the mechanisms of neoplastic transformation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment induced a dose‐dependent anchorage‐independent cell transformation in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, PD98059, a mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, or SP600125, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, decreased cell growth, EGF‐induced DNA synthesis and transformation. Unlike observations in the JB6 mouse epidermal cell model, SB203580, a stress‐activated protein kinase‐2/p38 α and β (p38) inhibitor, increased EGF‐induced transformation in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, or p38 are implicated in EGF‐induced neoplastic transformation of human cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractile properties of the proximal urethra and bladder in female pig: Morphology and function
Authors: Pel J.J.M. , van Asselt E. , van Mastrigt R.
Published: November 2005

Aims

To compare the contractile properties of proximal urethral and bladder muscle of the female pig.

Materials and Methods

In two proximal segments (I and II) of the urethra, small muscle bundles were excised to measure the force‐length (maximum force) and the force‐velocity (unloaded shortening velocity) relation using the stop‐test. The rate of force development was calculated using phase plots. Contractile properties of urethral and bladder segments were statistically compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Immunohistochemical staining of whole circumference urethral cross sections was used to identify the location of smooth and striated muscle fibres.

Results

On isometric force development, the urethral muscle bundles revealed a fast (∼0.5 sec) and a slow (∼2.1 sec) time constant, whereas in bladder only a slow (∼2.3 sec) component was measured. On average, isometric force was highest in bladder. The length range over which force was produced was smallest in urethral segment II, followed by urethral segment I and finally bladder. The unloaded shortening velocity was 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 1/sec, respectively. Histological preparations showed that smooth as well as striated muscle was present in proximal urethra. In urethral muscle bundles, spontaneous contractions were measured with a frequency of 0.4 Hz.

Conclusions

Differences in contractility found between urethra and bladder may be ascribed to the presence of striated muscle in the proximal urethra. The regulation of tone and spontaneous contractions may be part of the continence mechanism in the female pig urinary tract. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrater reliability and physical examination of the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle, validity comparisons using MR imaging
Authors: Kearney Rohna , Miller Janis M. , DeLancey John O. L.
Published: November 2005

Aims

Defects in the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle are seen with MR imaging. This study aims to determine interrater reliability of physical examination in detecting these defects, and to validate findings from physical examination using comparisons with MR images.

Methods

Two examiners palpated the pubovisceral muscles of 29 women to assess for defects in this muscle. Each examiner was blinded to the others findings. MR scans were acquired on a further 24 women after structured clinical examination by one examiner. These images were read to determine pubovisceral muscle defects, blinded to patient identifiers. Agreement between raters and between MR imaging and clinical examination were calculated.

Results

The two examiners had positive agreement (presence of a defect) of 72.7% and negative agreement (absence of a defect) of 83.3%. The positive agreement between physical examination and MR imaging was 27.3% and the negative agreement 86.5%.

Conclusion

The structured physical examination to detect defects in the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle can be learned as shown by good interrater agreement. However, examination alone underestimates these defects compared with MR imaging. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.