bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of fisheries refugia area for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in Palabuhanratu bay, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hakim A A , Kamal M M , Butet N A , Affandi R
Published: December 2019

Freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) are categorized as the order of Anguilliformes and have unique life cycle characters as a catadromous fish that migrate between freshwaters and sea waters. One of the concepts for fisheries management is fisheries refugia. Fisheries refugia is defined as sustainable use and not simply ‘no-take zones’. The concept focuses on links between critical habitats and fish life cycles. This study was aimed to determine fisheries refugia area for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in Palabuhanratu bay, West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted in several rivers that flow to Palabuhanratu bay. The study was organized from August 2014 to April 2015. Morphological identification, water quality, and habitat conditions as a basis for determination, hence, Cimandiri was carefully chosen as Fisheries Refugia area. The river composed with complete stadia, from glass eels to silver eels. Management recommendations with fisheries refugia concept included: prohibition of catching adult stadia in sizes above 49 cm; establishment of river areas as nursery ground protection in Sukaraja Sub-district; affirmation of prohibition electric and poison fishing methods (using); prohibition of glass eels fishing in January, February, March and December; and regulation of policy between cities or regencies.
Analysis of stomach content of Nemipterus japonicus from the Blimbingsari waters, Banyuwangi, East Java
Authors: Saraswati E , Perdhana G O
Published: December 2019

Nemipterus japonicus is one of the fish that caught in Blimbingsari Waters, Banyuwangi. This research aimed to determine the food composition of N. japonicus. Descriptive method was used in this study. Collecting data by survey and observation was taken out on Juli-August 2018. The samples were collected from fisherman at Blimbingsari. Data analysis used Index of Preponderance (IP). The results showed that the main food of the N. japonicus was shrimp (IP 62.55%), the complementary food was crab (IP 26.03%) and squid (IP 5.92%), the supplementary food was brittle star (IP 2.37%) and fish (IP 2.85%). Based on the composition of the food, N. japonicus was a type of carnivorous.
Characteristics of alginate content on Sargassum polycystum C.A. Agardh from western Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmayanti N , Supriatna J , Abinawanto A , Yasman Y
Published: December 2019

Utilization of Sargassum polycystum seaweed as an alternative alginate source will reduce dependence on alginate imports, which is currently still 100% imported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize alginates from S. polycystum seaweed obtained from three locations with different ecological characteristics. Alginate isolation by partial hydrolysis separated gulurunic acid (G) and manurunic acid (M) followed by freeze-dried and measured qualitatively and quantitatively using FTIR. A standard curve was made to calibrate the concentration of alginate in each location. The results showed that alginate rendement from S. polycystum of Lima Island, Ujung Kulon, and Binuangeun were 11.48, 18.62, and 5.75%, respectively. The linear regression equation of alginate polymer composition of M/G from Lima Island, Ujung Kulon, and Binuangeun standard curve were y=-14.171x+68.13 R2=0.9242, y=-6.6279x+33.776 R2=0.9811 and y=-9.6763x+59.558 R2=0.9042 respectively. The concentrations of alginate polymers on Lima Island, Ujung Kulon and Binuangeun M/G % were 1.35%, 1.44%, and 2.33%, respectively. It can be concluded that the variations in the concentration of manuronic and guluronic from the three ecologies of S.
polycystum in western of Java were different variations.
Electricity production from gelatin wastewater using single-chamber microbial fuel cells
Authors: Irnawati R , Surilayani D , Aditia R P , Maldini A , Jusamatalaisi S , Pratama G
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of electricity production from gelatin wastewater in a single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The treatment of MFCs using effective microorganisms (EM4) with concentration 0% (F0), 1.25% (F1), 2.5% (F2), and 5% (F3). Experimental results showed the voltage, current, and resistance in F1 were better than to other treatments. The best treatment of BOD (20.91±0.95 mg/L) and COD (81.64±0.01 mg/L) values with concentration 1.25% EM4 (F1). The higher concentration of EM4 has given lower of TAN values (3.24±0.01 mg/L for F0, 1.69±0.39 mg/L for F1, 0.73±0.44 mg/L for F2, and 0.24±0.11 mg/L for F3). The pH values were not significantly different in all treatment (7.36±0,02 for F0, 7.34±0.02 for F1, 7.55±0.01 for F2, and 7.11±0.01 for F3). The temperature of all the treatment were 25.8°C. The best performance of electricity production was the treatment with concentration 1.25% EM4 (F1) because in all parameters give the best results, except resistance.
Characterization of functional properties catfish protein isolates (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Haryati S , Sukarno  , Budijanto S , Prangdimurti E
Published: December 2019

Production of catfish protein isolates can be an alternative to provide added value to this commodity, which is expected to be a potential source of quality protein and promote human health. This study was aimed to characterize the chemical and functional properties of large-size catfish protein isolates and its functional properties. The stages of this study were to produce catfish protein isolates by using alkaline (pH 11) and isoelectric point (pH 5.5) methods and characterize the chemical and functional properties of catfish protein isolates produced. The result showed that catfish protein isolates contained 9 essential amino acids, protein content of 86.74% (wb) or 90.46% in dry basis(dB) and fat content of 0.54% (wb) or 0.56% (dB). Functionally, the catfish protein isolates produced have the ability in gelling forming a concentration of 5%, 4.08 g/mL oil absorption, 3.38 g/mL water absorption, emulsion capacity and stability of 1.52 mL/mL and stable over 90 minutes, 0.89 mL/mL foam capacity, and 0.64 g/mL density of bulky.
Identification and abundance of nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria in malang sand filter based culture environment for mud crabs Scylla serrata
Authors: Hastuti Y P , Andina Y , Supriyono E , Fatma Y S , Tridesianti S
Published: December 2019

Accumulation of organic matter derived from an uneaten feed, faeces, and other metabolic waste of biota can reduce water quality. This issue can be overcome by physical method using filtration systems such as malang sand. The present study aimed to identify the morphology and abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the mud crab Scylla serrata cultivation system treated with different weight of malang sand as i.e. 0 kg (control), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg. Mud crabs with the weight of 73.72±1.05 g and carapace length of 7.28±0.06 cm were reared in a container measuring 60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm for 30 days fed two times a day using ad satiation method (as satisfied as possible). The results showed that a treatment using 5 kg malang sand was the best treatment with the survival rate of mud crabs reached 77.77±19.2%. At the end of cultivation period, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria accounted for 1.52x107 CFU mL−1 and 1.06x107 CFU mL−1, respectively. The nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the rearing water were classified as Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp., respectively.
Fatty acid profile and cholesterol level of smoked whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with different liquid smoke concentrations
Authors: Daniswara N P , Swastawati F , Purnamayati L
Published: December 2019

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important marine products with high nutritional values but its high cholesterol content may have negative impact to human health. Certain processing techniques may be applicable to reduce the cholesterol content to lower the risk. One of them is smoking the shrimps with clove branches liquid. This research was aimed to determine the effect of clove branches liquid smoke concentrations on cholesterol levels of smoked whiteleg shrimps. The research materials were whiteleg shrimps and clove branches liquid smoke. The samples of shrimps were exposed to different levels of liquid smoke concentration, i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The experiment showed that the use of the liquid smoke reduced cholesterol level, increased saturated fatty acid (i.e. capric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid), unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid, oleic acid), lipid content and reduced moisture content. It was concluded that the use of clove branches liquid smoke can reduce the cholesterol concentration in the smoked shrimps.
Species composition and abundance of small fishes in seagrass beds of the Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak C P H , Noviana  , Putri A K , Rahardjo M F , Djumanto  , Syafei L S , Abdillah D
Published: December 2019

It is extensively recognized that seagrass meadows have been defined as nursery ground for fish. In this study, we investigated species composition and abundance of small fishes in seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park from November 2018 to March 2019. In total, about 10,000 individuals of 46 fish species belonging to 26 families were captured using a seine net at four fix stations. The major families graded by species number were Labridae, Apogonidae, Gobiidae, Siganidae, and Atherinidae. More than 90% of fish was juvenile and mostly economically important species and reef-associated fish. Majority of fish juveniles inhabit seagrass beds were categorized as temporary resident and regular visitors. It was observed that the top five ranked fish species in abundance were Spratelloides gracilis (33.4%), Stenatherina panatela (19.5%), Siganus canaliculatus (13.2%), Gerres oyena (11.8%) and Siganus spinus (5.9%). There was a propensity that species richness and diversity were higher in areas with higher seagrass coverage. However, two-way ANOSIM revealed fish abundance was not significantly different spatially and temporally (p>0.05). Predominant trophic function of fish were zooplanktivores and crustacivores. The present study, therefore, identified seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island as feeding habitats and shelter for fish juveniles.
Identification of bioactive compounds from Nannochloropsis sp.
Authors: Fithriani D , Ambarwaty D , Nurhayati
Published: December 2019

Microalgae are known to have functional components for human life. Exploration of cholesterol-lowering active compounds from microalgae Nannochloropsis in Indonesia is still lacking. This research was aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Nannochloropsis sp that can reduce cholesterol level. Components of Nannochloropsis sp. including proximate, phytochemicals, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, omega 3, and omega 6 were determined. Phytochemical test results showed that microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. positively contained flavonoids, tannin, glycosides, alkaloids, and saponin. Result of beta carotene was 2.74%, beta-sitosterol 7.25% stigmasterol 10.37%, beta carotene 145.26 ppm, omega 6 was 9.86% and omega 3 was 4.38% from total fatty acid.
Fishing gear productivity related fishing intensity and potency of stock vulnerability in Sunda strait
Authors: Yonvitner  , Yuliana E , Yani D E , Setijorini L E , Nurhasanah  , Santoso A , Boer M , Kurnia R , Akmal S G
Published: December 2019

Increasing of fishing productivity is an indicator of fishing intensity. The increasing productivity dominated by a small and immature population also as an indicator of vulnerability stock in the sea. Therefore, fishing productivity research is important as the basis of the study of the efficiency and vulnerability of fish stocks. This research was conducted in the Sunda strait using landing fish data in Labuan Landing Port from February until July 2018. Evaluation of the effectivity and intensity of fishing pressure was determined by a descriptive statistic from average and deviation of the fishing number. The results of the research showed that the productivity of purse seine, beach seine, mini purse seine, mini trawl higher than that of other gears. The average productivity value purse seine, beach seine, mini purse seine, mini trawl was 100.63, 84.16, 25.5 and 31. 6 kg per unit per trip, respectively. These gears were more effective compared to other fishing gears. These results can be used as an indicator and basis to evaluate the vulnerability stock from fishing activity.
Fishing trial using a portable fish aggregating device (FAD) in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Yusfiandayani R , Nurilmala M , Nurjanah  , Abdullah A , Sondita M F A , Mualim R , Kusdinar A , Choerudin H
Published: December 2019

Fish aggregating device (FAD) are commonly used in Indonesia and once deployed in the waters they are immobile. A portable FAD equipped with sound generating devices is an innovation to attract fish which has capability to react to audio stimulant. A fishing trial in April 2019 was carried out to check the performance of the EFAD. The research was carried out using a research vessel operating handlines with fish baits. The fishing trial successfully caught the white spotted triggerfish (Canthidermis maculatus), which is usually bycatch of tuna purse seine and gillnet fisheries. The catch of the trigger fish could not be attributed solely to the sound generated by EFAD because other factors, such as the fish bait and the size of the boat, might attract the fish.
Practical Implications of Hydraulic Phenomena in Francis Turbines
Authors: Pott Joachim (Joe)
Published: December 2019

Unexpected hydraulic phenomena in Francis turbines may have severe implications on the operation of new, upgraded, or existing units. This article describes several such phenomena, including the effects of inter-blade channel vortex cavitation, turbine runner uplift under overspeed conditions, runner seal induced unit vibration, high-load and high part-load instabilities, and draft tube vortex induced penstock resonance. Case studies are provided based on the author’s direct involvement with the respective projects. The article includes descriptions of the hydraulic phenomena, their impact on unit operation, investigations to eliminate or mitigate their effects, solutions implemented, and some lessons learned.
Digital clone for penstock fatigue monitoring
Authors: Dreyer M , Nicolet C , Gaspoz A , Biner D , Rey-Mermet S , Saillen C , Boulicaut B
Published: December 2019

In Switzerland, most of the hydro power plants were installed between 1950 and 1970. These power plants play an important role for electrical power network stability through their operational flexibility and ability to provide ancillary services. These services lead to frequent start and stop sequences, as well as continuous power variations inducing transient pressures in the water conduits. Due to electricity market recent evolutions, existing hydropower plants are subject to new operating conditions and sequences which were not foreseen during the design phase. This significant increase of load variations enhances fatigue problems by soliciting the penstock faster than originally expected. While loading spectra are the fundamental input for any fatigue assessment procedure, they are often difficult, if not impossible, to quantify accurately. In this paper, we present how the implementation of a digital clone of the power plant, namely the Hydro-Clone real-time simulation monitoring system, can be used to fill this gap. By replicating the hydraulic transients of the powerplant, the digital clone enables real-time knowledge of the pressure variations throughout the water conduits. This feature is used to implement a fatigue module in Hydro-Clone by monitoring the penstock level of solicitation, based on the accumulated damage during its past and future operations. To validate this approach, stresses related to pressure variations are measured in situ by installing strain gages on the penstock of the 200 MW La Bâtiaz hydropower plant, owned by Electricité d’Emosson SA, and compared to the simulated values. Our results reveal the considerable impact of the supply of ancillary services on penstock fatigue wear.
Visualization of the elliptical form of a cavitation vortex rope and its collapse by two cameras
Authors: Favrel A. , Liu Z. , Takahashi W. , Irie T. , Kubo M. , Miyagawa K.
Published: December 2019

This article presents preliminary results of an experimental study of the upper-part load instability and the associated elliptical form of the cavitation vortex rope in a Francis turbine draft tube. The influence of the operating parameters on the onset and the development of the instability is first briefly studied by pressure measurements in the draft tube. Visualizations of the cavitation vortex rope and its associated elliptical form are performed by using two synchronized high-speed cameras spaced by an angle of 90°. This allows to reconstruct the instantaneous position of the vortex center along the draft tube. It is confirmed that using a single camera leads to biased estimations of the cavitation volume fluctuations. The breathing behaviour of the vortex rope, responsible for the pressure pulsations according to several authors, cannot be definitely demonstrated without a proper reconstruction of the vortex shape based on high-speed videos from several positions. Finally, unique intermittent collapses of cavitation in the vortex center, giving rise to two distinct cavities connecting on both sides the vortex rope, are highlighted.
The effect of chloride ion diffusion on corrosion activity of kaolin geopolymer paste in artificial seawater
Authors: Zainal Farah Farhana , Abd Hakim Sahrul , Daud Yusrina Mat , Hashim Mohammad Firdaus Abu , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Hasri  , Hartati
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the effect of chloride ion diffusion on the corrosion activity of kaolin geopolymer paste in artificial seawater. An aluminosilicate material that rich with aluminium and silicon such as kaolin is selected as a raw material in the geopolymerization of geopolymer. Kaolin then mixed with an alkaline activator that consist mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution. Two types of samples are used in this study, which 7 days and 14 days sample. A few testing is conducted in order to test the chloride ion diffusion on the samples such as Rapid Chloride Permeability Test, Rapid Migration Test and Salinity Test. The result shows that sample for 7 days consist the higher penetration of chloride ion compare sample of 14 days. This is proven with the result of salinity. A longer curing time of the sample cause a lesser penetration of Cl− ion.
Effect of graphene oxide on microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 thin film
Authors: Azani Azliza , Halin Dewi Suriyani Che , Razak Kamrosni Abdul , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Razak Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul , Mahmed Norsuria , Ramli Muhammad Mahyiddin , Azhari Ayu Wazira , Chobpattana V
Published: December 2019

GO/TiO2 thin films have been synthesized from titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited onto a glass substrate using spin coating deposition technique then were subjected to annealed process at 350 °C. The different amount of graphene oxide (GO) was added into the parent solution of sol in order to investigate the microstructure, topography, optical band gap and photocatalytic activity of the thin films. The prepared thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS spectrophotometry and degradation of methylene blue (MB). AFM images reveal a rougher surface of GO/TiO2 thin film than bare TiO2 thin film due to GO particles. Moreover, the SEM images showed the formation of semispherical microstructure of bare TiO2 changes to some larger combined molecules with GO addition. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer results show that with optical direct energy gap decreases from 3.30 to 3.18 eV after GO addition due to the effect of high surface roughness and bigger grain size. Furthermore, the optical results also indicated that GO improved the optical properties of TiO2 in the visible range region.
Oxide scale growth on Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy at high temperature oxidation
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah
Published: December 2019

Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy is a Ni-based alloy used at high temperature application. In this study, Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy had undergo a solution treatment at two different temperatures, namely 1050° and 1150°, for 3 hours soaking times followed by water quench. A solution-treated Fe-40Ni- 24Cr alloy was experienced a high temperature isothermal oxidation test at 500° for 500 hours exposures duration. The growth of oxide scale was characterized in terms of oxidation kinetics and surface morphology using field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The oxidation kinetics of all samples shows an increasing weight gain pattern as the exposure durations increases. The oxidation kinetics was obeyed a parabolic rate law, indicating the oxide growth rate was followed diffusion-controlled mechanism. The surface morphology of oxidized solution-treated Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy displayed a formation of continuous oxide scale with evidence of overgrown Nb-rich oxide particles distributed along the oxidized samples surface. Oxidized Fe- 40Ni-24Cr alloy which undergo solution treatment at 1150° exhibited the formation of oxide spallation. The spallation has a tendency to occur around the area of overgrown Nb-rich oxide particles.
The effect of Aluminium addition on the microstructure of lead-free solder alloys: A short review
Authors: Tan Chi Ying , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd
Published: December 2019

The ban on using lead in electronic packaging has been taken effect since the year 2006. The alternative to replacing lead (Pb) based solder has been given highly concerns by the electronic industry. Both Sn- Ag-Cu and Sn-Cu solder alloys were considered to be the most acceptable candidates to replace SnPb solder alloy. From the findings, it showed that β-Sn appears as island-liked shape and eutectic phases appear as a darker shade. The grain size is refined significantly after incorporated with a suitable amount of Al. When exorbitant amount of Al addition will cause Al-rich particles, which has high potential to acts as the heterogeneous nucleation site and result in a lower degree of undercooling. The most desired amount of Al addition is between 0.025 - 0.05 wt%. The primary intermetallic compounds found in Sn-based solder alloy are Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn. New intermetallic compouds were found after addition of Al, which are Cu-Al and Ag-Al intermetallic. The formation of new intermetallic compounds causes the formation of Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn to be suppressed.
Mitigation techniques for crosstalk in ICs
Authors: Razif Rifhan Amira Mohd , Maharum Siti Marwangi Mohamad , Hasani Azri Husni , Mansor Zuhanis
Published: December 2019

Crosstalk is a major concern among integrated circuit (IC) designers as it may contribute significantly to the amount of noise presented in a device. Hence, there is a need to mitigate the impact of crosstalk in order to preserve the signal integrity between interconnections. This paper will review several methods to mitigate crosstalk in high speed ICs. The methods include the usage of repeater, Schmitt trigger, shielding, skewing, space adjustment between signal wires and setting the coupling length of the signal wires. Although these methods are effective for crosstalk mitigation, the features might only be applicable due to certain constraints. Consequently, this paper will provide a sufficient review on each method as a guideline for crosstalk mitigation method selection in which the crosstalk is largely regulated in long interconnections.
Effect of zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) on the carbon steel surface in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Sim Zin Wen , Wardan Rajaselan , Jamalullalel Nadia Nadhira Mohd , Rahmat Azmi
Published: December 2019

The application of the zero charges concept is the latest and promising corrosion protection technique as compared to the cathodic protection (CP) technique. The study was conducted using carbon steel as metal to be protected. The effectiveness study was carried out on carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without corrosion protection system. The results showed that carbon steel surface under zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) had no corrosion effect and consumed a very low electrical current. The protection effectiveness of ZCCP technique is found to be comparable to impressed current corrosion protection (ICCP), while unprotected carbon steel in the same corrosive solution undergoes severe corrosion attacks.
Current advancement in electrically conductive polymer composites for electronic interconnect applications: A short review
Authors: Badrul Farah , Halim Khairul Anwar Abdul , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Omar Mohd Firdaus , Osman Azlin Fazlina , Zakaria Mohd Salihin
Published: December 2019

The development of conductive polymer composites along with their advantages are rapidly growing to meet current demands in electronic applications. There are many types of matrix and filler that had been extensively researched in order to find the most suitable materials that can be utilized for electronic interconnect applications. Previous works carried out by researchers within the field revealed that by using melt blending techniques such as twin screw compounding and compression moulding can be used to develop conductive composite polymer such as from polypropylene (PP) incorporated with graphite as conductive filler. The conductivity of the composite can be measured using the 4-point probe technique. This short review aims to provide the latest insight in the area of electrically conductive polymer composites focused on the types of matrix and filler, processing and utilisation in electronic interconnect and other potential applications.
Electrochemical migration and corrosion behaviours of SAC305 reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3, TiO2 nanoparticles in NaCl solution
Authors: Othman Norinsan Kamil , Omar Fakhrul Rifdi , Ani Fakhrozi Che
Published: December 2019

Pb-free solders incorporated with nano-sized particles have been identified, as potential Pb-free nanocomposite solders that could provide higher microstructure stability and better mechanical properties than the conventional solders. Nowadays, the miniaturizations of electronic devices increase in their usage have increased the risk of failure due to ion migration and corrosion phenomena. This research investigates the effects the electrochemical migration (ECM) and corrosion behaviour of Sn- 3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles in 0.1M NaCl solution. The SAC305 solder alloys were doped with different percentages of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 at nominal percentages of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.15 wt% in producing nanocomposite solder paste. Then, the solder paste has flowed in the reflow oven at the temperature of 240°C. After that, the Water Drop Test (WDT) was performed using 0.1 M NaCl solution to investigate the ion migration behaviour and Potentiodyamic Tafel Polarization technique to determine the corrosion behaviour on the solder alloys. In general, the results showed the mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of SAC305 solder alloy increased when added of the nanoparticles of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2. Besides, SAC305-TiO2 has the longest MTTF in 0.1 M NaCl solution followed by SAC305-Fe2O3 and SAC305-NiO nanoparticles. This results is believed due to the presence of nanoparticles as the alloying element in the solder that hinder the process of ECM to suppress the growth of the dendrites accelerating for the short circuit occurs and causes the failure of the IPC-24 test board. The potentiodynamic polarization curve results exhibit the SAC305 with nanoparticles decreased the corrosion rate compared with SAC305 solder alloy only. SAC305 with NiO and TiO2 have slightly lower corrosion rates compared with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Therefore, SAC305 reinforced by TiO2, Fe2O3 and NiO nanoparticles exhibited excellent ECM and corrosion resistance behaviours in the 0.1 M NaCl solution.
A review of iron nitride based thin films development
Authors: Nadzri Nur Izzati Muhammad , Ibrahim Dayang Mas Shufina , Sompon Saphuang
Published: December 2019

Thin film technology has taken a lot of area in the industry due to their properties which is better than their parents bulk materials. One of the interesting thin films that has yet to be fully explored is iron nitride based thin films has been attracting attention for the past few years especially in the semiconductor technology. Crystal structure and magnetic properties on the film which depend greatly on the growth method, deposition technique, gas flow, pressure and many more. Suitable parameters allow the presence of required iron nitride based thin films stoichiometry. In semiconductor application, magnetization properties play an important role of developing iron nitride thin films. This will give rise to the formation of strong magnetic moment thus increasing the corrosion resistance of the thin film. However, the difficulties of growing a pure phase of these iron nitrides thin films makes it more interesting to study and recent researches have shown findings that open the possibilities in enhancing properties of this iron nitride based thin films.
Post-Corrosion Mechanical Analysis of Sn-Zn Alloys: A Short Review
Authors: Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus Mohd , Masri Mohamad Najmi , Mohamad Ahmad Azmin
Published: December 2019

Renewed interest in investigating and improving the corrosion performance of the Sn-Zn based alloys were ignited as this alloy produces excellent mechanical properties but suffered from corrosion attack. To support the electrochemical investigations, mechanical analysis is normally performed. This article focuses on the most common mechanical analysis used, including the basic experimental setups, common parameters and selected case studies that are beneficial in understanding the corrosion process.
Preparation and characterization of micro- crystalline cellulose / chitosan films
Authors: Chie Song Cheah , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab
Published: December 2019

The microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) chitosan film was produced through solution casting with different composition of chitosan and different plasticizers. This MCC chitosan film was a biodegradable polymer due to all the ingredient was natural resources. MCC and chitosan can be found abundantly in the earth, and thus, can be obtained easily. Several testing were conducted such as tensile test, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared. The optimum ratio for the MCC chitosan was 90: 10 (MCC: chitosan). At this ratio, MCC chitosan has the highest tensile strength which was 42.16 MPa for the film without adding the plasticizer. MCC chitosan film also having the addition of plasticizer to improve film’s properties. Results show that addition of plasticizer able to improve properties of MCC chitosan film such as high tensile strength, high elongation at break and low Young’s modulus value. The percentages when compared MCC chitosan film with glycerol as plasticizer than the control film on the optimum ratio for tensile strength was higher 106%; while for film with PEG as plasticizer was higher 102%, elongation at break was higher 121% and 110% for both glycerol and PEG respectively when compared to control film.
Experimental measurement for non-spherical bulk materials flow behaviour in rectangular enclosure
Authors: Fadzir Anis Farhanah Mohd , Rani Siti Ilyani , Gimbun Jolius
Published: December 2019

Dust control is a major concern in food industries since dust emission is generally unavoidable during bulk material handling. Obtaining a better understanding of the way particles are pulled away from a stream of particles and the generation of a dust cloud will assist in the design of more efficient dust control systems. In this paper, the particles- air interactions during free fall of bulk powder is reviewed. An experimental investigation was performed to elucidate the effect of conveying velocity and particle properties on velocity profiles. The Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) technique was employed to measure the particle velocity during free fall. Results revealed that the particle properties (particles with flaky shapes and lower bulk density) had a great influence on dust cloud generation as compared to the conveying velocity. The results presented here may facilitate the development of a quantitative tools for dust control system design that deal with a falling stream of bulk powder.
Effect of Surface Preparation on the Isothermal Oxidation of Fe-33Ni-19Cr Alloy
Authors: Parimin N , Jemahri
Published: December 2019

The effect of surface preparation on the isothermal oxidation behavior of Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was study in this paper. The surface preparation of the test samples was obtained by grinding process using different grit of silicon carbide abrasive paper, namely P600, P800 and P1000. The surface area and weight of the sample were measured before the oxidation test, by using Vernier caliper and analytical balance. The ground sample of Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloys were isothermally oxidized at 1000℃ for 150 hours in laboratory air. The weight of oxidized samples was recorded after the isothermal oxidation test at every 25 hours exposure duration in order to determine the oxidation kinetic of all samples. The oxide surface morphology of Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The oxidation kinetic of all samples displayed a weight gain pattern as the exposure duration increase, followed a parabolic rate law. While the result of surface morphology shows that the lowest grit of surface finish, P600, display less oxide exfoliation occurred.
Formless concreting new small-size equipment universal technological set energy consumption features determination
Authors: Emeljanova I A , Anishchenko A I , Virchenko V V , Subota D U , Blazhko V V
Published: December 2019

A scheme for the implementation of shotcrete work in a construction site using a new technological kit is presented. The basic machine of this kit is a hose concrete pump.The design of a pump with a hydraulic drive is considered, which makes it possible to adjust the rotation frequency of the working body of the concrete pump in a wide range and reduce the level of pulsation of the mixture at the outlet of the concrete pump. Energy consumption is considered as a universal set of new small-sized equipment, the structure and circuit diagram of which are presented in the article. The dependencies for determining the power required for machines - modules of this kit are given. The effectiveness of the kit for continuous concreting using the wet gunning method in a building site due to the combination of separate operations over time is shown.
Digital models and the effect of error when shooting terrain for high-speed traffic
Authors: Shevchenko A A , Matviienko O O , Lyuty V A , Manuylenko V G , Murygina N A
Published: December 2019

The article discusses general information about Ukraine and the possibility of introducing high-speed traffic using modern technologies for surveying the area. This step makes it possible to work out more detailed options in the design. Surveying using electronic total stations and GPS devices allows you to accurately determine the spatial position of the site, but because of errors in determining the coordinates of individual points, it does not give a real ratio of the curvature of neighboring track points when they are close. Railways require constant and accurate monitoring of the structural state of objects this data can be obtained using mobile laser scanning, which allows you to collect a high-resolution three-dimensional survey of all objects in the visibility range of the scanning system in a short period of time. Having an extensive transport infrastructure and at the crossroads of the most important areas of world trade between Europe and Asia, Ukraine has all the prerequisites for the development of the transport industry within the framework of a balanced state policy. Today, all countries are faced with the task of further expanding the space of non-power scenarios for the transformation of the financial and economic order in the world.
Dynamic impact on the construction of the railway track and on the deformability of the basement
Authors: Shtompel A M , Kondratenko O P , Bratchenko O V , Pashchenko V V , Baulin D S
Published: December 2019

The qualitative performance of the track facility in Ukraine depends upon the technical state of rail track structure, which is determined by correspondence of the characteristics to the current Regulations for laying and maintenance the track on railways of Ukraine. And the parameters indicating the rail track stability directly depend on the carrying capacity of the rail base and the stress-strain behavior.

The main indicators of the state of the continuous welded rail (in particular, the parameters of the track geometry), deviations from the normative position of the track rails in the profile and in the plan directly depend on the carrying capacity of the under sleeper base, that is, on its deformative properties.

In this study, the under sleeper base deformability refers to the ability of the superstructure to operate under conditions of limitation to a certain level of pace (speed) accumulation of the track failures.

Determining the level of the dynamic load on the railway track, its effect on the performance of its elements, and the under sleeper base deformability of the continuous welded rail will make it possible to quantify the dynamic effects on the railway track construction and its impact on the under sleeper base deformability.
The Impact of Two-Layer Lubrication Parameters on the Service Life of Railway Rails
Authors: Voronin S. , Stefanov V. , Onopreichuk D. , Babenko A. , Pavlova E.
Published: December 2019

The prerequisites, basic hypotheses and sequence of creation of a mathematical model for estimation of service life of railway rails in conditions of two-layer lubrication are given in the article. The created mathematical model is presented in the final form. The model takes into account the geometry of the wheel-rail contact, the initial and constant surface roughness, actual loads on the rail, speed of the rolling stock, strength characteristics of steels and the antifriction additive, as well as the basic parameters of two-layer lubrication. The main parameters of lubrication include the concentration of solid antifriction additives in oil which is sufficient to fill irregularities of the contact surface; the boundary molecular oil film thickness. The results of calculations using the developed mathematical model are presented. The performed calculations reveal the positive effect of the parameters of a two-layer lubricant on the resource of rails. The anti-wear effect of the lubricant increases as the concentration of graphite in the oil increases and the weight of the carriage decreases. Based on the performed calculations, conclusions and recommendations were obtained regarding further experimental verification of the mathematical model, as well as the influence of the parameters of two-layer spray lubrication on wear and service life of transport rails.
Strength-strain state of the structures with consideration of the technical condition and changes in intensity of seismic loads
Authors: Barabash M S , Kostyra N O , Pysarevskiy B Y
Published: December 2019

The paper focuses on determining the reserve in load bearing capacity of the building structures reconstructed in the seismic zone of Ukraine. The authors propose the method for simulation of the earthquake load acting on the structure with account of nonlinear material properties. In design of buildings and structures in seismic zones, in addition to calculations for the main load combination, calculations for the emergency combination of loads should also be made with account of the following seismic impact - minor earthquake (ME), design earthquake (DE) and max design earthquake (MDE). To evaluate behaviour of structures in earthquake load beyond elasticity, the nonlinear pushover analysis is used. With this the technique it is possible to consider the nonlinear properties of structures based on their bearing capacity (safety margins) rather than using the coefficients of inertial forces, as in the spectral method. The nonlinear static analysis of building structures allows you to consider the higher mode shapes of vibrations, interaction in the system ‘overground structure –foundation soil’.
Research of stress-strain state of basalt fiber polymer rods at adhesive anchoring in concrete
Authors: Kichaeva O , Zolotov S , Firsov P , Togian Zafari
Published: December 2019

The results of experiments to determine the strength and deformability of adhesive anchoring, depending on the depth of embedding basalt fiber polymer rods in the concrete array, are given. The technique of basalt fiber polymer reinforcement preparation for conducting experiments to determine basic longitudinal deformations is fully described. Numerical characteristics of basalt fiber polymer reinforcement for tensile and compression test, to determine bearing capacity in concrete, were obtained. Test methods of adhesive basalt fiber polymer joints are described in detail, as well as research to determine the influence of technological factors on the strength of adhesive bonding, using acrylic modified compositions. Experimental research on the effect of concrete class, adhesive layer thickness and adhesive joint distance from the face of a concrete specimen, on a joint strength, has been performed. The obtained results of experimental research data can be used for attachment joints projecting and industrial technological lines development, as well as for further polymeric adhesive materials, widely applied in industrial and civil engineering, improvement.
Strengthening prefabricated reinforced concrete roof beams that are damaged by corrosion of concrete and reinforcement
Authors: Kramarchuk Andrii , Ilnytskyy Borys , Lytvyniak Oksana , Famulyak Yuriy
Published: December 2019

In this article are analyzed different methods of strengthening reinforced concrete structures as ceilings and coverage. And there are also structured methods and the principles of their execution. In this article are described in detail and are shown graphically the methods of strengthening prefabricated reinforced concrete I-beams of coverage (its span is 12 m), which were in accident technical state at the moment of examination. The compression and tensile areas of concrete in structures were completely destroyed by corrosion, and furthermore the joint work of normal concrete and pre-stressed reinforcement was not ensured. In general, the examined methods of strengthening concern the reinforced concrete structures, where the strengthening elements come to work in conjunction with the existing concrete and reinforcement. Presented method consists in total forces transfer on strengthening elements, i.e. concrete and reinforcement of the existing reinforced concrete structures of floorings are completely excluded from work.
Improvement of the estimation method of the possibility of progressive destruction of buildings caused by fire
Authors: Pozdieiev S , Nekora O , Kryshtal T , Sidnei S , Shvydenko A
Published: December 2019

With the progressive destruction of building structures, socioeconomic losses reach the biggest level, especially when the buildings have a high degree of responsibility. For such buildings there is a standardized requirement to carry out a calculated estimation of the possibility of progressive destruction. The article outlines the main provisions of the calculation method as to the estimation of the possibility of progressive destruction, with the failure of one or more compressed elements, that must be removed from the general structural system of the building frame consisting of steel beams, CFST and reinforced concrete columns. The basic principle of the method is the hypothesis about formation plastic joints in beams and columns. The possibility of progressive destruction is estimated according to the energy criterion based on comparison of the work of internal and external forces on the possible displacements of the system, which in such conditions is geometrically variable. The proposed method is productive and cost-effective compared to existing methods that involve complex mathematical models and software complexes.
Quality control the technical condition of the building structures by randomization
Authors: Savytskyi M V , Shevchenko T J , Savytskyi O M , Savytskyi A M
Published: December 2019

Reinforced concrete structures are currently the most common construction and have a long history of application. In addition to loads, structures are exposed to external aggressive environments. As a result of this, structures are often damaged. For repair planning, diagnostics and assessment of the technical condition of structures are necessary. The regulatory literature does not contain data on the required sample size and designation of zones and places of control of structures. Known studies are devoted mainly to the substantiation of the methods of instrumental control of the parameters of building structures. The building structures are divided into two types: same type structures and unique ones which are characterized by a large surface area. Therefore, various approaches to diagnosing the technical condition of such structures are necessary. We have developed a methodology for control of structures using the randomization method. The technique allows, with a given degree of confidence, to reasonably designate the sample size of structures, a place or a control zone. This allows you to replace the complete control selective and significantly reduce the amount of testing.
Statistical characteristics of strength distribution of normal sections of bended reinforced concrete elements and their analysis
Authors: Shkurupiy A A , Mytrofanov P B , Davydenko Yu O , Horb A G
Published: December 2019

The results of simulation of stochastic corrosion of reinforcement and geometrical characteristics of normal rectangular cross-sections of bent concrete reinforced concrete statically determined beams (elements) with reinforcement on one level in the stretched concrete zone are given. It is proved that in solving the problems of the reliability of such structures, the real histograms are described by various statistical laws. It was also established that considering the effects of corrosion is important for determining the real statistical law of the distribution of the corrosion damage stage in various materials. Parameters of the variation of the variability of the normal section of the considered reinforced concrete structures differ depending on the initial parameter of the variability of reinforcement corrosion damage. The histogram of stress distribution in the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete element and the strength of its normal cross-section do not correspond to the histograms of normal distribution. The use of the Gauss distribution law when determining the strength of a normal section of a bent concrete element, considering the effect of corrosion, can lead to significant inaccuracies in determining the reliability parameters of such structures. Failure to consider sufficiently large asymmetry and excessive values for the resulting statistical distribution laws can lead to significant errors in solving the reliability problems of such structures.