bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pituitary hormones on dentin production in maxillary incisors in the rat
Authors: Hansson Lars Ingvar , Stenström ANDERS , THORNGREN KARL‐GORAN
Published: October 2007

abstract— The effect of pituitary hormones on dentin production and longitudinal growth of the maxillary incisors in normal and hypophysectomized rats was investigated. Bovine growth hormone was found to increase the dentin production slightly in normal rats and significantly in hypophysectomized rats. Other pituitary hormones showed no effects on dentin apposition in the doses and periods tested. The effects of the pituitary hormones on the longitudinal growth of the tooth were small or insignificant. The effects of growth hormone on the dentin apposition and the longitudinal growth of the tooth after hypophysectomy were smaller than the effects on longitudinal bone growth and cortical hone remodeling, indicating different sensitivity to hormones between different mineralized tissues.
Cell‐mediated immunity in juvenile periodontitis and levamisole treatment
Authors: BUDTZ‐JÖRGENSEN E. , ELLEGAARD J. , ELLEGAARD B. , JÖRGENSEN F. , KELSTRUP J.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Immunostimulation with levamisole was attempted in eight patients with juvenile periodontitis and six reference patients with gingivitis but without loss of periodontal attachment. The following parameters were studied before and after levamisole treatment: gingival status, the concentration of serum immunoglobulins and complement, T and B lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation responses by dental plaque bacteria, PPD or PHA, and lymphocyte ATP‐ase activity. In juvenile periodontitis cell‐mediated immunity to dental plaque antigens seemed to be impaired, but the response was not restored by treatment with levamisole. There was no evidence of a broader suppression of cell‐mediated immunity in juvenile periodontitis and there was no significant clinical effect of levamisole treatment. It is suggested that the apparent suppression of in vitro cell‐mediated immunity to dental plaque bacteria in juvenile periodontitis is a secondary change, caused by a long‐standing chronic infection.
Morphologic changes in the rat enamel organ following a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium fluoride
Authors: MÖRNSTAD H. , HAMMARSTRÖM L.
Published: October 2007

abstract— Enamel organs in developing teeth of young rats were studied after single intra peritoneal injections of a high dose of sodium fluoride (60 mg NaF/kg body wt.). The study employed primarily light microscopy, but electron microscopy was used to clarify some of the light microscopic findings. The pathogenesis of the fluoride‐induced changes was followed during 72 h. Cellular changes were consistently found in the molars, but were never seen in the incisors. In the maxillary molars, ameloblastic injury was most commonly seen on the mesial surfaces of the cusps. One hour after injection, the most prominent findings were swollen mitochondria in the secretory ameloblasts and cleft formations between the ameloblasts and the enamel matrix. The clefts were filled with a stippled material. Some of the clefts gradually expanded to cystic cavities. The stippled material began to calcify after 24 h and formed small, darkly stained globules. After 72 h dearranged ameloblasts were found as islands intermingled with calcified rounded structures in the stellate reticulum. In stratum intermedium numerous atypic autophagic vacuoles appeared 2 h after injection. No light microscopic changes were observed in the postsecretory ameloblasts.
Experimental Candida‐induced denture stomatitis in the Wistar rat
Authors: OLSEN I. , BONDEVIK O.
Published: October 2007

abstract— An experimental model of yeast‐induced denture stomatitis has been set up in the rat by inoculating Candida albicans on the fitting side of a maxillary acrylic plate retained by an orthodontic band around the incisors. Thirty‐eight Wistar rats were used in two series of experiments with an observation period of 2 weeks. In each of the series there were one control and three experimental groups. Control rats were left untreated, while rats of the experimental groups wore either uninoculated or inoculated plates, or had their palatal mucosa smeared with the yeast. For cytologic examination the palate was scraped in Series I and the fitting side of the plate in Series II. After 1 week a generalized simple inflammation had developed in the palate of most animals of the experimental groups. It was most severe and persistent in rats with inoculated plates. Histologic signs of inflammation and hyphal formation were also most pronounced in this group. Hyphae did not invade the epithelium. Except for an initial loss of body weight, which was restored by day 10 or 12, the rats tolerated their plates. The Wistar rat seems to be well suited for experimental studies on denture stomatitis.
Caries reduction over 5 years from a singie application of a fissure sealant
Authors: MEURMAN J. H. , HELMINEN S. K. J. , LUOMA H.
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT – This paper is a continuation of three previously published papers giving a long‐term clinical evaluation of an ultraviolet hght polymerizable fissure sealant method. The present findings revealed that of the 156 permanent teeth available for study 5 years after initiation, 59.6% retained the sealants in good condition, while 25.6% of the sealants were missing or partly missing. During the test period, 37 (32.2%) of the 115 sealed permanent first molars had become carious, while 92 (80.0%) of the respective paired controls had decayed. An analysis of the efficacy of the treatment on the test‐control tooth pairs showed a net gain of 55 and a percentage effectiveness of 59.8%. The sealed teeth were found to be highly significantly less decayed than the respective controls (P < 0.001). Of the individual subjects, 73.4% were found to have benefited from the treatment.
Suggestion for a definition, measuring method and classification system of bristle stiffness of toothbrushes
Authors: NYGAARD‐ØSTBY PER , SPYDEVOLD BAARD , EDVARDSEN STEIN
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A definition of bristle stiffness and a measuring method are described and discussed. Sixty‐six different brush models, collected worldwide, were measured according to the suggested method. Considerable differences were found between brushes of declared equal stiffness. On the basis of these findings and the method described, a classification is suggested.
Retreatment of endodontic fillings
Authors: BERGENHOLTZ GUNNAR , LEKHOLM ULF , MILTHON RALPH , HEDEN GUNNAR , ÖDESJÖ BJÖRN , ENGSTRÖM BURE
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Effects of endodontic retreatment on quality of seal and periapical healing were assessed among 660 previously root‐filled roots. The roots were divided into either of two groups according to presence or absence of pathologic alterations in the periapical area. The retreatments, which were carried out by dental students, involved a thorough chemomechanical debridement of the root‐canal system aiming to control infection. Following a 2‐year observation period 556 roots were reexamined clinically and radiographically. The results showed that root‐fillings with technical shortcomings could, following retreatment, be markedly improved as regards effectiveness of seal and distance to the apex. A large number of lumina discernible apical to root‐filling could also be treated and filled. Seventy‐eight percent of the cases with pathologic lesion present periapically prior to retreatment either completely healed or displayed an obvious size‐reduction of the process Retreatments carried out because of technical inadequacies alone were successful in 94% of the cases. It was concluded that renewed endodontic treatment whenever possible is the method of choice when treating defective endodontic fillings complicated with pathologic processes periapically. Apical surgery may be attempted if no signs of healing are apparent following observation.
A scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of various cleansing agents on cavity walls in vitro
Authors: LEIDAL TORGER INGAR , ERIKSEN HARALD MARTIN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The appearance of prepared cavity walls after treatment with different cavity cleansers and cleaning procedures was studied. Class II and V cavities were prepared on extracted human and monkey teeth and the cavities were exposed to the different agents for 1 min. Where commercial products were used, the manufacturers' directions for use were followed. The cavity walls were examined in the scanning electron microscope and representative photos were taken from dentinal and enamel areas. Only demineralizing solutions producing an etch pattern were able to remove the smeared layer from the cavity walls.
Fluoride concentrations in saliva in relation to chewing of various supplementary fluoride preparations
Authors: BRUUN CARSTEN , GIVSKOV HELGA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Fluoride concentrations were measured in whole saliva samples collected from 16 subjects at different intervals up to 60 min after chewing of various supplementary F preparations: chewable E tablets (0.21 mg F), plain F tablets (0.25 mg F) or F‐containing chewing gum (0.25 mg F). Each of the F preparations was administered in a low dose (0.21–0.23 mg F) or in a high dose (0.42–0.50 mg F). Mean resting levels of fluoride in saliva ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 parts/106. Peak values averaging 15–25 parts F/106 in the low‐dose group and 25–40 parts F/106 in the high‐dose group were recorded within 5 min after intake. After 30 min, the salivary fluoride concentrations in both groups had decreased to levels below 1 part/106 and approached resting levels 60 min after intake. The availability of fluoride in saliva, as estimated from AUC values (areas under curves, relating fluoride concentrations to the time from 0 to 60 min), was similar with each of the preparations applied in the low dose. When used in the high dose, the chewing gum and also the plain tablets provided significantly more fluoride in saliva than the chewable tablets. The data may suggest that unflavored plain F tablets are equally suitable as a vehicle for fluoride aiming at a topical cariostatic effect as specially designed chawable tablets or chewing gum.
Effect of experimental neutropenia on initial gingivitis in dogs
Authors: ATTSTRÖM R. , SCHROEDER H. E.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The role of neutrophilic granulocytes in the loss of gingival collagen has been studied by inducing experimental neutropenia during initial gingivitis in beagle dogs. Neutropenia was induced for 4 d in three animals with normal gingiva by repeated injections of rabbit anti‐neutrophil serum. During neutropenia microbial plaque was allowed to form on the teeth. Samples of junctional (crevicular) leukocytes and gingival fluid were taken on days 0 and 4. Block biopsies of buccal gingiva were obtained on day 4. Stained semi‐ and ultrathin sections were used for histometric and serologic tissue analysis. Gingival fluid flow increased from day 0 to day 4 in all dogs while junctional leukocytes increased in one dog only. Subgingival plaque had formed in most biopsies, and in the junctional epithelium very few neutrophilic granulocytes were present. In the coronal connective tissue subjacent to the junctional epithelium lymphoid cells, structurally abnormal neutrophilic granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages were diffusely scattered. The gingival collagen appeared mainly displaced by the inflammatory cells rather than dissolved. The data suggest that neutrophilic granulocytes may contribute to the loss of gingival collagen during initial gingivitis in dogs. The neutrophils also seem to be of importance for the limitation of subgingival plaque growth along the tooth surface.
Electrical stimulation of teeth with a pulp tester in the cat
Authors: NÄRHI MATTI , VIRTANEN ANTTI , KUHTA JARMO , HUOPANIEMI TIMO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Responses of 241 pulpal and 219 non‐pulpal nerve fibers to monopolar electrical stimulation were studied in 12 anesthetized cats. Stimulation was carried out with a clinically used pulp tester (Bofors PT‐1®) to the intact crown of mandibular canine tooth and to the surrounding soft tissues not further than 1.5 cm from the tooth. Action potentials from nerve preparations containing either a single or a few functional fibers were recorded. The minimum current strength needed to excite the axon (“threshold current”) was determined. The purpose of the study was to investigate how specifically monopolar electrical stimulation of the tooth crown excites the nerves of the dental pulp and to what extent fibers of surrounding tissue are affected. The mean threshold of excitation of the pulpal nerve fibers was 28.3 μA ± 1.4 s.e.m. Of 219 non‐pulpal fibers sensitive to mechanical stimulation of the tooth and the surrounding area, only 10 fibers of periodontal origin were caused to discharge due to electrical stimulation applied to the tooth crown. Their mean threshold was 96.0 μA± 5.2 s.e.m. When the receptive fields of 50 mechanoreceptor units in soft tissue were stimulated electrically, only nine responded to current values less than 125 μA. It seems that pulp nerve fibers respond to very much lower current intensities than non‐pulpal fibers, when monopolar electrical stimulation is applied to the tooth crown. The risk of activation of non‐pulpal nerves in pulp tests seems to be minimal supposing that reasonable current strength is used.
Effects of chlorhexidine and iodine on in vitro plaques of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis
Authors: MALTZ‐TURKIENICZ MARISA , KRASSE BO , EMILSON CLAES GöRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Both chlorhexidine and iodine showed greater antimicrobial effect on in vitro grown S. mutans plaque than on plaque composed of S. sanguis. One treatment with iodine for 8 min inhibited the acid production of S. mutans plaque whereas S. sanguis plaque required 20 min to be similarly affected. In contrast one treatment with chlorhexidine for up to 20 min did not completely inhibit the acid production of plaque of either microorganism. Repeated short term exposures increased the bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine but not that of iodine. The difference in antimicrobial effect between chlorhexidine and that of iodine on S. mutans and S. sanguis should be investigated in persons heavily infected by S. mutans.
Distortion of maximal elevator activity by unilateral premature tooth contact
Authors: BAKKE MERETE , MØLLER EIGILD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In four subjects the electrical activity in the anterior and posterior temporal and masscter muscles during maximal bite was recorded bilaterally with and without premature unilateral contact. Muscle activity was measured as the average level and the peak of the mean voltage with layers of strips of 0.05, 0.10, 0 15 and 0.20 mm, placed between first molars either on the left or the right side, and compared with the level of activity with undisturbed occlusion. Unilateral premature contact caused a significant asymmetry of action in all muscles under study with stronger activity ipsilaterally. With increasing thickness of the overlay the mean voltage decreased in parallel on both sides. We suggest that the asymmetry was caused by larger spindle afferent activity on the ipsilateral as compared to the contralateral side, and that the all‐over decrease of muscle activity was due to a gradual reduction of activity from periodontal pressoreceptors.
Effects of 2‐deoxy D‐glucose and other sugar analogues on acid production from sugars by human dental plaque bacteria
Authors: ROBERTS K. R. , HAYES M. L.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Solutions (10–25 μM) of D‐glucose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, D‐fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose and maltotriose were readily metabolised to acid (140–250 μmol H+ wet g−1h−1) by anacrobic suspensions of fresh plaque at pH 7.5. D‐Mannose, D‐galactose, D‐glucosamine and trehalose were broken down more slowly (35–115 μmol H+ wet g−1h−1). Inhibition of this acid production occurred on adding excess amounts of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose or 5‐thio‐D‐glucose. Similarly, excess amounts of cellobiose specifically inhibited acid liberation from lactose. No acid production was detected from a number of other sugars and sugar derivatives, some of which may be useful sucrose substitutes.
In vivo and in vitro studies of inhibitory effects of restorative dental materials on salivary esterases
Authors: LINDQVIST LENNART , BARTFAI TAMAS , BERG JAN‐OLOF , BLOMLöF LEIF
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The influence of 18 dental materials on the activity of esterases isolated, from human whole saliva has been studied. Eugenol on its own was a strong competitive inhibitor of the esterases II‐2a (Ki = 3.3/10−5 M) and II‐2b (Ki = 4.7/10−6 M). Except for Luralite® all the materials that contained eugenol as one of the components (IRM®, Nobetec® and Opotow®) were noncompetitive inhibitors. Additional in vitro inhibitors were: Adaptic®, Aspa®, Coe‐pack® and the amalgam ANA 68®. Treatment with Nobetec packs in vivo resulted in a decrease in the esterase activity of whole saliva.
Longitudinal study of transpharyngeal radiography in temporomandibular arthropathy
Authors: RASMUSSEN OLE COLLIN
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

According to appearance of the condyle on transpharyngeal radiographs temporomandibular arthropathy has a destructive phase and a reparative phase terminating in a stable state of the joint. The destructive phase is characterized by erosion. No common trait of the healing process exists as the healed condyle varies from the normal to the most irregular appearance. Once it occurs, the healing is stable. Ongoing radiologic changes take place within 1–3 years. Some technical considerations including radiation doses of the transpharyngeal projection are presented.
Criteria for diagnosis of pulp necrosis in traumatized permanent incisors
Authors: JACOBSEN INGEBORG
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

Records and radiographs of 108 patients (6–18 years) with 134 root canal treated incisors were examined. Subluxation was the most common type of injury, followed by intrusive, extrusive or lingual luxation, exarticiulation and uncomplicated crown fracture. Negative response to electric stimulation was noted in 107 teeth from the first examination. In 23 teeth an initial positive response changed to negative within 3 weeks to 9 months, whereas persistent positive reactions were recorded in four teeth. The diagnosis of necrosis was based on the following observations: negative vitality and radiographic changes (76 teeth), negative vitality and discoloration (45 teeth), negative vitality only (nine teeth), positive vitality and radiographic changes (four teeth). External inflammatory root resorption confirmed the diagnosis of necrosis in all replanted teeth and in 13 of 16 intruded teeth. Discoloration and periapical lesions were the most important diagnostic factors following subluxation, extrusive and lingual luxation. Necrosis was disclosed within 4 months in 117 teeth (87%). Diagnoses based on negative vitality and discoloration were made within 6 days to 3 months in all but one case. All external root resorptions and 37 of the 49 periapical lesions were observed within 3 weeks to 4 months of the injury.
Phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity in Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903
Authors: ROBERTS K. R. , LINDER L.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

A constitutive phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase system was found in decryptified cells of Strep. mitis. The system displayed saturation kinetics and the apparent Km value for the non‐fermentable analogue 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) was 0.4 mm. Sodium fluoride inhibited the activity when 2‐phosphoglycerate was used as the energy source instead of PEP, Intact cells accumulated 2DG and also a derivative that behaved chromatographically like 2DG‐6‐phosphate. PEP‐dependent glucose phosphotransferase activity was also demonstrated in freshly collected plaque.
Radiographic identification of simulated carious lesions in relation to fillings with Adaptic Radiopaque®
Authors: SEWERIN IB
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible significance of the radiopacity of a composite restorative material for the radiographic identification of filling deficiencies. Class III cavities of varied size and shape were prepared at 28 proximal surfaces of 14 extracted human canines. All cavities were filled with Adaptic Radiopaque®. Simulated secondary or recurrent carious lesions were produced in 16 of the cavities by insertion of small amounts of radiolucent wax prior to filling. Each tooth was radiographed under standardized conditions using 15 different angulations. The 210 radiographs were interpreted by three observers without knowledge of the distribution of the deficiencies. They made 78.7% correct diagnoses, 18.7% false positive and 2.6% false negative diagnoses. The sensitivity of the method was 95.4, but the specificity was only 56.5. The results indicate that radiopacity of a composite resin is of a certain, although limited, value in detecting secondary and recurrent carious lesions. Regarding the high number of false positive diagnoses the radiographic findings should as far as possible be verified by a clinical examination. A majority of the false positive diagnoses could be explained by an inhomogeneous structure of the fillings.
Effect of an autopolymerizing sealant on viability of microflora in occlusal dental caries
Authors: JENSEN ØIVIND EKMAN , HANDELMAN STANLEY L.
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

A total of 106 molars with occlusal caries were sealed with an autopolymerizing scalant. Samples of the carious dentin were obtained 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d, and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after sealant placement. The samples were cultured on enriched nonselective medium, a streptococcal medium, a Streptococcus mutans medium, and a medium for acidogenic microorganisms. The bacterial counts, were compared with control samples obtained from nonsealed occlusal carious lesions, half of which had acid conditioner applied to the occlusal surface for 1 min prior to sampling. The mean total viable counts decreased by approximately 99.9% during the 1‐year study period, from 925.1 × 104 CFU/mg of sample to 0.9 × 104 CPU/mg of sample. Statistically, there was a very strong linear relationship (P < 0.001) between the reduction in bacterial counts and time. A similar reduction was observed for the total streptococcal count and the S. mutans count. The etching procedure itself reduced the number of cultivable organisms by about 75%. Sealant material that was polymerized directly in culture media did not result in any inhibition of bacterial growth. Although slight fluctuations in the relative proportion of the microflora were observed at the different sampling intervals, there were no significant changes in the relative distribution of bacterial types with time.
Exposure to mercury and silver during removal of amalgam restorations
Authors: BRUNE DAG , HENSTEN‐PETTERSEN ARNE , BELTESBREKKE HANS
Published: October 2007

Abstract –

The content of particulate matter and mercury vapor in dentist breathing air during removal of amalgam restorations was assessed. Mercury and silver were quantitatively assayed by nuclear chemical analysis, and the mercury vapor concentration was measured with a sniffer. When the water spray was not used, the short time threshold limit values for exposure to mercury and silver were exceeded about 10 times. With water spray the mercury content was reduced to a level considerably lower than the threshold limit value, whereas the silver concentration slightly exceeded the corresponding limit.
Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva and the development of caries
Authors: KÖHLER BIRGITTA , PETTERSSON BRITT‐MARIE , BRATTHALL DOUGLAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Plaque samples from 10 different tooth surfaces of 10 schoolchildren with Varied Caries experience (DFS 10‐33) were collected five times during 2.5 years. The samples were examined with an immunofluorescent technique for identification and enemeration of Sreptococcus mutans scrotypes C/e/f and d/g. At each sampling occasion the children were scored for caries. A Stimulated saliva sample was also collected and the number of S. mutans per ml salva was determined. The salva level of S. Mutans was Shown to reflect the prevalence and proportion of this microorganism on theselected surfaces. Five surfaces carried S. nutans at each sampling. Four of these surfaces showed progressive caries. S. mutans infection was also found to precede the development of incipient caries on four surfaces. Eighty percent of the surfaces that stayed sound were only transiently carrriers of S. mutans in mainly very low numbers. Serotype c/e/f dominated in prevalence and proportion on the surfaces with a history of caries during the study.
Content and distribution of glycogen in oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: ISACSSON GÖRAN , SHEAR MERVYN
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Forty‐four oral lesions with epithelial dysplasia and 25 other benign and malignant lesionsof the oarl mucosa were examined after ataining with hematoxylin‐eosin and diastase controlled PAS. The intensity of the PAS‐Positivity for glycogen, The grade of dysplasia, the type of keratinization and the degreeof subepithelial inflmmation were recored. Histologically normal epithelium at the margins of the lesions were used as controls. The presence and amount of glycogen in normal epithlium varied with the Form of keratinization in that non‐orparakeratinized epithelium was rich in glycogen where as there was a negative glycogen‐reaction in orthokeratinized epithelium. The most striking feature was and abrupt limitation of the glycogen at the junction between nondysplastic and dysplastic epithlium. The difference in the amount of glycogen in normal and dysplastic epithlium as assessed semiquantitativbely, was statistically significant. The diastase controlled PAS‐staining may therefore be a useful method of distinguishing dysplastic form nondysplastic epithlium in doubtjurl cases. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplastic epithelium covering granular cell myoblastoma did not contain any glycogen. Five of six squamous cell acrcinomas nand four verrucous carcinomas contained no demosstrable glycogen. Glycogen was present in the epithelium of the cases of lichen planus and “denture hyperplasia” investigated.
Periodontal healing of exarticulated monkey teeth stored in milk or saliva
Authors: BLOMLÖF LEIF , LINDSKOG SVEN , HAMMARSTRÖM LARS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Saliva has usually been recommended as a storage medium for exarticulated teeth. Recent tissue culture studies have, however, shown that milk has a more suitable osmolaliry than saliva and that milk is a bettter storage medium for human periodontal ligament cell. In the present investigation periodontal healing of replanted monkey teeth has been studied after storage of teeth in milk or saliva before replantation. There was much less root resorption, especially inflammatory resorption, after storage in milk thatn in saliva. Storage of teeth in milk for 3 h before replantation resulted in the same low frequence of root resorptions as was seen after immediate replantation. There was hardly any replacement resorption (ankylosis) seen in the replanted teeth.
Follow‐up Study of permanent incisorsWith enamel‐dentin fractures after acute trauma
Authors: Ravn J. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for vitality after an acute trauma in 3144 permanent incisors with enamel‐dentin fracture as the only damage and in 923 incisors with enamel‐dentin fracture combined with other symptoms on the damaged tooth. The teeth were examined at regular intervals. The observation time was more than 2 years in the case of 78.9% of the material. Pulpal necrosis developed in 250 teeth (6.1%). Pulp death occurred in 3.2% of teeth with enamel‐dentin fracture as the only damage. The combination of enamel‐dentin fracture and concussion resulted in pulpal necrosis in 5.8% and cases involving both concussion and mobility showed pulpal necrosis in 30.1% of teeth. A registration of the enamel‐dentin fracture based on the extent of dentin exposure was undertaken. The relationship between extent of dentin exposure and pulpal necrosis as well as influence of treatment on pulpal necrosis was clearly Illustrated. It is concluded that information on damage to the mineralized tissue without details of damage occurring at the same time to supportive tissue is of doubtful value in assessing the prognosis.
Extracellular polysaccharides of smooth and rough variants of Streptococcus salivarius
Authors: KELSTRUP JENS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Some, but not all strains of Streptococcus salivarius were demonstrated to occur in smooth (S) and rough (R) variants, growing in distinctly different colonies on sucrose‐containing agar plates. Sucrosederived extracellular polysaccharides (EP) of NCTC 8666, ATCC9759S and R, ATCC13419S and R, IAS And R, and Tove S and R were isolated, puridied, and chemically studied. Extracellular enzymes of R variants yielded more water‐insoluble than soluble material, while the opposite was true for 8 variants. The insoluble material consisted mainly of glucan, the soluble mainly of levan. Enzymatic hydrolysis suggested a predominance of α‐1, 3linkages in the water‐insoluble glucan. Cell‐associated enzymes gave rise to cell‐associated and ‐free EP. The cell‐associated EP of sS variants was insoluble, while that of R variants contained water‐insoluble glucan and water‐soluble fructan. Cells coated with cell‐associated EP flocculated due to interaction of the Ep, mainly by hydrogen bonding, in part by divalent cation bridging. The sucrose‐derived EP gave rise to plaque deposit formation in sucrose broth cultures, S variant deposits being thin and firmly adherent to glass, R variant deposits being thick, rough, coherent, but only weakly adherent. The variant types were not altered by the curing agents ethidium bromide and acridine orange.
Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys
Authors: MÖLLER ÅKE J. R. , FABRICIUS LARS , DAHLÉN GUNNAR , ÖHMAN ALF E. , HEYDEN GUY
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In nine monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis) the pulps of 78 teeth were aseptically necrotized. Twenty‐six of the pulp chambers were kept bacteria‐free by sealing, while 52 were infected by the indigenous oral flora. The results were recorded clinically, radiographically and microbiologically at the begining of the experiment and after 6–7 months. Tje final examination also included histologic recordings. The initiallyt noninfected root canals were all sterile at the final samplings, indicating that the risk of contamination (including hemarogenous) of root canals of this animal is very slight. It was show that noninfected necrotic pulp tissue did not induce inflammatory reactions in the apical tissues. By contrast, teeth with infected pulp tissu showed inflammatory reactions clinically (12/52 teeth) and radiographically (47/52 teeth). Facultatively anaerobic streptococci, coliform rods and obligately anacrobic bacterial strains were most frequently found. In the final samples the number of obligately anaerohic strains increased. Some microogramisms which were isolated in the initial samples were not detected in the final samples. All infected teeth histologically examined showed strong inflammatory reactions in the periapical region.
Gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and chemical analysis of macromolecules present in acquired anamel pellicle (2‐hour‐pellicle)
Authors: EGGEN KIRSTEN HANNESSON , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Proteins obtained from the surface of human teeth in vivo were solubilized in EDTA and subjected to gel permeation, ionic exchange chromatography and amino acid analysis. It was found that the main component was anionic and was eluted between albumin and iysozyme on Sepharose. It contained abundant amounts of serine, glycine and glutamic acid. A salivary phosphoprotein of similar amino acid composition has previously been purified.
Effect of penicillin on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man
Authors: MALTZ M. , ZICKERT I.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The effect of penicillin on the numbers of oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobadlii in hamsters and in man was investigated. This is of interest as S. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while S. sanguis is not. Hamsters infected with both S. mutans and S. sanguis or only S. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. The treatment reduced the proportion of S. mutants and S. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. After the penicillin treatment the population of S. mutans and S. sanguis gradually increased. In man, the effect of oral penicillin therapy was examined in 21 adults with more than 2 × 105 S. mutans per ml saliva. The penicillin treatment had almost no effect on the numbers of S. sanguis and lactobacilli, but a pronounced decrease in the number of S. mutans was observed. The duration of this effect, however, was short. Consequently, such treatment alone is of limited value for the control of the oral infection of these microorganisms.
Correlative light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic study of completely and incompletely orthokeratinized rat oral epithelium
Authors: PHILIPSEN HANS P. , GLEATON‐JONES PETER , FISKER ANDERS V.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) a study of the surface morphology of rat oral epithelium was undertaken. A good correlation was found between the LM and SEM findings in the demonstration of the characteristic differences in surface structure between completely and incompletely orthokeratinized areas of the rat oral epithelium. Completely keratinized epithelium (hard palate and attached gingiva) shows a surface layer of orderly arranged, closely approximated and overlapping cells. The individual cell surface shows a honeycomb pattern of interconnecting ridges surrounding depressions or micropits. Incompletely keratinized epithelium (buccal mucGsaT alveolar sulci, gingival crest and interpapillary area of the dorsum of the tongue) shows a very uneven, corrugated surface layer. There is considerable loss of cell cohesion with the formadoo of wide intercellular clefts. The individual cell surface is characterized by microplicatioris of irregular size and arrangement. The findings of the present investigation are discussed in the light of an idea previously put forward by the authors that a correlation exists between surface morphology of the keratinized rat oral mucosa and colonization and penetration of Candida organisms in experimental candidosis.
Autoradiographic visualization of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in the epithelio‐mesenchymal interface of developing mouse tooth germ
Authors: HURMERINTA KIRSTI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The turnover of basement membrane macromolecules during tooth morphogenesis and odontobiast differentiation was examined by light microscopic autoradiography using 3H‐fucose. 35S‐sulfate and 3H‐glucosamine. Marked incorporation into the basement membrane was found throughout the progressive development. Pulse‐chase experiments and prelabeling of tissue components indicated that glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans in the dental basement membrane are mainly derived from the enamel epithelium. During odontobiast differentiation, incorporation was increased at the epithelio‐mesenchymal interface at the site of differentiating mesenchymal cells. From these sites the label also disappeared rapidly. This suggests that the active remodeling of extracellular matrix is related to odontobiast differentiation.
Caries reduction in rats through F + Mg supplementation of dietary sucrose with observations on bone mineral density and soft and hard tissue minerals
Authors: LUOMA ANJA‐RIITTA , KOSKINEN MAARIT , OLKKONEN HANNU , LUOMA HEIKKI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Two control diets widi different sucrose contents (44% and 22%) were given to weanling rats for 55 d. The test diets were supplemented with an F + Mg combination, 75 parts/ 106 F as NaF + 50 parts/106 Mg as MgO and 38 parts/106 F + 25 parts/106 Mg, respectively, i.e. using the same supplement/sucrose ratio in each test diet. The supplementation in each test diet caused the same percentage fissure caries reduction, but the absolute mean caries scores were higher in the high‐sucrose groups than in the respective low‐sucrose groups. Enamel solubility was reduced by the supplementation. Despite the high fluoride supplementation, no untoward effects were recorded in growth and in aortic, heart, and renal calcium contents. Bone mineral density was reduced in the low‐sucrose controls and slightly reduced in the high‐sucrose F+Mg supplemented rats, as compared with the high‐sucrose controls.
Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: WENNEBERG BENGT , KOPP SIGVARD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – 100 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS‐group) and a comparison group comprising 57 individuals (C‐group) were examined for clinical symptoms from the stomatognathic system and occlusion. It was concluded that the AS‐group differed significantly from the C‐group with respect to mandibular mobility, tenderness to palpation of the temporomandibular joint and relation between the retruded and intercuspal position of the mandible. Clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system were correlated to subjective general joint symptoms in the AS‐group. Occlusal factors may also be of importance for the development of clinical symptoms in the stomatognathic system in this group.
Carcinogenesis in forestomach and changes in oral mucosa of rats induced by intragastric N‐methylnitrosourea
Authors: REIBEL JESPER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – it is well known that oral administration oi N‐methylnitrosourea (NMU) induces carcinomas in the forestomach of experimental animals. As the rat forestomach is lined with an orthokeratinized squamous epithelium the purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether carcinogenesis in this localization following intragastric application of NMU was comparable to oral carcinogenesis in experimental animals and humans. Furthermore, the development of oral m u cos al lesions in the rats was studied. It is concluded that the morphologic changes seen during carcinogenesis in the forestomach do not seem to differ essentially from those seen during experimental and human oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the number of oral lesions found in the present study are higher than reported in other strains of rats following administration of NMU.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of plasma proteins in experimentally produced eosinophilic bodies (“keratin pools”)
Authors: REIBEL JESPER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Different opinions exist about the nature of the material in eosinophilic bodies, or “keratin pools”, in the epithelium of the human oral mucosa. The material has been described as keratin‐like and as a filtrate from the blood vessels. In the rat forestornach eosinophilic bodies develop in the hyperplastic squamous epithelium following administration of a chemical carcinogen. In the present study this model is used for immunohistochemical studies of eosinophilic bodies. They are shown to contain flbrinogen and immunoglobulin and thus seem to develop as a result of pooling of plasma exudate in the epithelium.
Effect of acupuncture on tension headache and urinary catecholamine excretion
Authors: JENSEN LENE BÖRGLUM , JENSEN STEEN BÖRGLUM
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Sixteen patients with tension headaches were treated with acupuncture, needles being inserted in the hand and foot and then electrostimulated. All patients were seen at four 2‐h sessions with intervals of 1 week between each. The first two sessions were used for clinical examination only, thus serving as control, while acupuncture was administered during the last two sessions. Urine samples were collected immediately before and after each session and later analyzed for catecholamine content. During the 1‐week intervals between sessions, records were kept of headache attacks and medicine intake. Following acupuncture two‐thirds of the patients showed reduction in number of headache attacks, and about one half of the patients reduced their use of pain relieving drugs considerably. Urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline was always higher in samples collected before sessions than after sessions. However, this reduction in catecholamine excretion was significantly greater when acupuncture had been administered.
Potentials of and currents between dental metallic restorations
Authors: BERGMAN MAUD , GINSTRUP OLLE , NILSSON BO
Published: October 2007

Abstract – 115 persons were studied from a body of patients referred to the Faculty of Odontology, University of Umeå, for investigation regarding any occurrence of oral galvanism. Potential and polarization of metallic restorations and dentures were recorded using a method and equipment previously described. Data regarding distribution of potential ranges with respect to number of patients and type of alloy are presented. The distribution of calculated intraoral currents in relation to number and type of metallic contacts is stated. Relevant parameters for the study of oral galvanic (bimetallic) cells are discussed.
Effect of a fluoride‐containing varnish on Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva
Authors: ZICKERT INGEGERD , EMILSON CLAES GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The effect of topical application of a fluoride‐containing varnish, Duraphat®, on the level of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and in dental plaque was investigated in schoolchildren. Samples of saliva and pooled buccal plaque were taken before varnish application and 4, 10 and 21 d after treatment. Fluoride varnish treatment with or without a preceding dental prophylaxis had no significant effect on the plaque and salivary levels of S. mutans. The findings suggest that the caries‐reducing effect of fluoride varnish cannot be explained by an alteration of the incidence of 5. mutans in dental plaque or in saliva.
Contraction pattern of composite resins in dentin cavities
Authors: HANSEN ERIK KEITH
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The correlation between the wall‐to‐wall polymerization contraction close to the surface and the marginal gap in the deeper parts of chemically cured resin fillings was investigated. The investigation was carried out with fillings placed in non‐etched dentin cavities in extracted human teeth. A negative correlation was found; i.e. the narrower the marginal gap in the upper part of the cavities, the more pronounced the contraction in the deeper parts of the fillings, and vice versa.
Eruption of maxillary canines
Authors: OLOW‐NORDENRAM MÄRTA , ANNEROTH GÖRAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In 79 of 124 children with bilaterally located widened follicles around non‐erupted canines one of the maxillary canines was chosen by lot for surgical exposure of the tooth crown. In seven cases both maxillary canines were exposed. The remaining 38 children were radiographically controlled at certain time intervals as were the 86 cases where surgery was perfomed. The follicles removed from 52 cases were tooth. The histologic examination showed that the histologic appearance of the extirpated follicle did not correspond to the radiolographically verified width of the pericoronal space. The specimens were composed of a losely arranged fibrous connective tissue with an epithelial lining occurring in 77% of the cases. The epithelial lining consisted of reduced enamel epithelium and showed in none of the cases squamous metaplasia or keratinization. Nor was there any clinical or histologic sign of a neoplastic or cystic change of the follicle.
Bactericidal effect of pooled human serum on Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: SUNDQVIST GÖRAN , JOHANSSON EVA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Bacteria belonging to the species B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus (two stains), B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius (five strains), B. asaccharolyticus (seven strains), and Actinobacillus actinomycctemcomitans (four strains) were tested under anaerobic conditions for their sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of pooled human serum. The A. actinomycetemcomitans strains were not killed to any extent by the serum. Both B. melaninogenicus ss. melaninogenicus strains were killed by serum. The sensitivity to serum among the strains of B. asccharolyticus and B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius was diverse. There was no correlation between the sensitivity to serum among the strains and the levels of specific antibodies in the serum. The bactericidal activity of serum was only effective if the complement system was present in serum. All strains initiated activation of complement and binding of a C3 component to the cell surface both in normal and MgEGTA chelated serum. The possible role of serum bactericidal activity in the pathogencsis of oral infections is unclear.
Four‐intraoral film radiographic examination on children imparting less radiation than pantomography
Authors: LOCHT SVEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – An intraoral radiographic survey was reduced to four films examining only the regions of the premolars and the maxillary canines. It was applicable to children aged 9–10 years without clinical orthodontic symptoms. Energy imparted was 0.9 mj. By orthopantomography energy imparted was 1.6 mj and the thyroid dose was 0.13 mSv.
Three‐year report on caries prevention using fluoride varnishes for caries risk children in a community with fluoridated water
Authors: SEPPAÄ LIISA , TUUTTI HEIKKI , LUOMA HEIKKI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The Benifit of seminnual application of the sodium fluoride varnish Duraphat(R) and the silane fluoride varnish Fluor Protector(R) was studied in 11–13‐year‐old children with high caries activity and lifelong exposure to fluoridated drinking water (1–1.2 parts/106). Annual clinical and radiographic examinations were made of 62 children in the Duraphat group and 70 children in the Fluor Protector group. Fluoride varnish was applied semiannually using the half‐moth technique. After 3 years, for the Duraphat group mean total DMES increments on the control side were 6.2 and on the test side 4.3 (P<0.001); for the Fluor Protector group the DMES increments were 4.9 and 4.4, respectively (NS). The caries reductions were 30% and 11%. Since ther were no differences between initial mean DMES scores of the groups, it is possible that the lower increment in the Fluor Protector control side compatred to the Duraphat control side was due to fluoride ions from Fluor Protector crossing the midline and providing protection on the control side as well. Therefore, we conclude that Duraphat proved effective, but definite conslusion of the effect of Fluor Protector cannot be made. Children with the highest DMES increment on the control side (duraphat) gained most from the applications.