bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic goal attainment during regular care of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nádas Judit , Putz Zsuzsanna , Fövényi József , Gaál Zsolt , Gyimesi András , Hídvégi Tibor , Hosszúfalusi Nóra , Neuwirth Gyula , Oroszlán Tamás , Pánczél Pál , Vándorfi Győző , Winkler Gábor , Wittmann István , Jermendy György
Published: June 2008

A kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezők csökkentésével visszaszoríthatók a cardiovascularis események. A kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezők befolyásolásának eredményességéről 1-es típusú diabetes mellitusban szenvedő felnőtt cukorbetegek körében csak kevés adat áll rendelkezésre.
Célkitűzés:
Diabetes-szakrendelésen ellenőrzés céljából megjelenő, 1-es típusú diabetes mellitusban szenvedő felnőtt (életkor ≥ 18 év) cukorbetegek körében adatokat gyűjtöttünk a kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezők előfordulásáról és kezelésük eredményességéről.
Módszerek:
Fél év alatt az ország 11 diabetescentrumában egymást követően megjelent 1-es típusú cukorbetegségben szenvedők (n = 533; 256 férfi, 277 nő; életkor 35,6 ± 11,6 év; diabetestartam 18,0 ± 11,1 év; x ± SD) ellenőrzésekor, az előzményi adatok felvételén túl, antropometriai és laboratóriumi adatokat regisztráltunk. A kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezők kezelési célértékeként a III. Magyar Cardiovascularis Konszenzuskonferencia ajánlásában szereplő adatokat tekintettük mérvadónak.
Eredmények:
A testtömegindex célértékét (< 25 kg/m
2
) a betegek 55,3%-a (férfi: 45,7%, nő: 64,3%) érte el. A haskörfogat nők körében megkívánt értékét (< 80 cm) a betegek 50,5%-a, a férfiak esetében mérvadó értéket (< 94 cm) 63,7% érte el. A HbA
1c
értéke a betegek 8,4%-ában volt 6,5% alatt (20,5%-ban 7,0% alatt). Lipidcsökkentő kezelésben részesült 130 beteg (24,4%), e csoportban a betegek 53,1%-a érte el a triglicerid, 71,5% a HDL-koleszterin és 27,8% az LDL-koleszterin kezelési célértékét. A lipidek szintjére vonatkozó célérték együttes elérése a betegek 17,7%-ában volt sikeres. Hypertonia miatt kezelésben részesült 173 beteg (32,5%), e betegcsoportban a < 130 Hgmm-es szisztolés vérnyomást a betegek 29,5%-a, a diasztolés célértéket (< 80 Hgmm) pedig 34,7% érte el. A betegek 17,7%-a a vizsgálat időpontjában dohányzónak vallotta magát, 19,2% leszokott a dohányzásról, és 63,2% sohasem dohányzott.
Következtetések:
Felnőtt, 1-es típusú diabetes mellitusban szenvedők körében a kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezők napjainkban ajánlott kezelési célértékeit a cukorbeteg-gondozás keretein belül nehéz elérni. További erőfeszítéseket kell tenni a cukorbetegek kardiometabolikus kockázati tényezőinek hatékonyabb csökkentése érdekében.
Crosstalk between cholesterol homeostasis and drug metabolism
Authors: Kőhalmy Krisztina , Rozman Damjana , Pascussi Jean-Marc , Sárváry Enikő , Monostory Katalin
Published: June 2008

Napjainkban a cardiovascularis megbetegedések vezető halálozási oknak számítanak világszerte. A szív- és érrendszeri megbetegedések kialakulásában jelentős szerepet játszik a magas szérumkoleszterin-szint, illetve az atherosclerosis. A vér koleszterinszintjének csökkentésével kedvezően befolyásolható a káros folyamatok kialakulása, és a már kialakult betegségekben is javulás érhető el. Az általánosan alkalmazott sztatinalapú gyógyszeres terápia ade novokoleszterin-bioszintézist gátolja a májban. Más hatóanyagok (például ezetimib) a koleszterin táplálékból történő felszívódását gátolják. A leghatékonyabb megoldást ezek kombinált alkalmazása jelentheti. A gyógyszeres terápia során azonban figyelembe kell venni, hogy számos vegyület (gyógyszer) képes specifikusan megváltoztatni – a koleszterinhomeosztázis fenntartásában szerepet játszó enzimek mellett – a gyógyszer-metabolizáló enzimek indukciójával a citokróm P450 enzimek mennyiségét is (például sztatinok), ami a terápia módosítását teszi szükségessé. A koleszterin-anyagcsere és a gyógyszer-metabolizmus szabályozásában ugyanis több kapcsolódási pont is található. A kapcsolat az úgynevezett nukleáris receptorokon keresztül valósul meg, ezért a koleszterinhomeosztázis és a gyógyszer-metabolizmus közti összefüggés megértése és ismereteink bővítése elengedhetetlen egy megfelelő terápiás stratégia kidolgozásához, illetve új gyógyszerek fejlesztéséhez.
Haemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Classification based on molecular etiology and review on recent developments of diagnostics
Authors: Prohászka Zoltán
Published: June 2008

A hemolitikus urémiás szindróma és a trombotikus thrombocytopeniás purpura klinikai diagnózisok átfedő, történelmi leírásokon alapuló fogalmak. A két betegség molekuláris patomechanizmusának feltárása az utóbbi években lehetőséget teremtett a pontos, etiológiai klasszifikáció megalkotására. Az ok-okozati összefüggések megismerése pontosabb diagnosztikát, új irányú terápiás lehetőségeket és részletesebb prognosztikai besorolást tesz lehetővé. Jóllehet a hemolitikus urémiás szindróma és trombotikus thrombocytopeniás purpura rossz prognózisú, ritka klinikai kórképek, a pontos molekuláris-etiológiai diagnózis és az annak alapján választott terápia segíthet az érintett betegek sikeres ellátásában. Jelen összefoglaló tartalmazza a ma rendelkezésre álló diagnosztikai lehetőségek elméleti hátterét, azok részletes leírását és a leletek értelmezéséhez szükséges gyakorlati ismereteket.
Gilbert syndrome
Authors: Faragó Bernadett , Melegh Béla
Published: June 2008

Az ismert familiáris, nem konjugált hyperbilirubinaemiák közé tartozó Gilbert-szindróma az átlagpopuláció 7–10%-át érintő benignus kórkép. Tünetei rendszerint aspecifikusak, egyedül az esetlegesen előforduló sárgaság, továbbá az enyhén emelkedett nem konjugált bilirubin szintje utal a rendellenességre. Más laborértékek és a májbiopszia általában nem mutat eltérést a normálistól. A betegség hátterében a legtöbb esetben az UDP-glükuronil-transzferáz gén részleges működészavara áll. A gén azt az enzimet kódolja, amely a bilirubin glükuronsavval való konjugációját segíti. Noha a Gilbert-szindróma diagnosztizálása korábban hagyományos laboratóriumi módszerekkel és családi anamnézis felvételével történt, napjainkban lehetőség van az UDP-glükuronil-transzferáz gén genetikai variánsainak meghatározására. A gén promoterrégiójában, homozigóta formában lévő (TA)-inszerció – (TA)7/(TA)7– a betegek 80–100%-ában jelen van, és az aktív UDP-glükuronil-transzferáz mennyiségének csökkenéséhez vezet. A kódolórégióban található missense mutációk szerepe még nem teljesen tisztázott, de a (TA)7promotervariánssal való együttes előfordulásuk magyarázatul szolgálhat az emelkedett bilirubinszintre és a sárgaságra, valamint a Gilbert-szindróma családi halmozódására.
Renal haemodynamic and tubular actions of urotensin II in the rat
Authors: Abdel-Razik Alaa E S , Forty Ellen J , Balment Richard J , Ashton Nick
Published: June 2008

Urotensin II (UTS) is a potent vasoactive peptide that was originally identified in teleost fish. Mammalian orthologues of UTS and its receptor (UTSR) have been described in several species, including humans and rats. We have shown previously that bolus injections of UTS caused a decrease in urine flow and sodium excretion rates in parallel with marked reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of UTS infusion at a dose that has minimal impact upon renal haemodynamics in order to identify a potential direct tubular action of UTS. Infusion of rat UTS (rUTS) at 0.6 pmol/min per 100 g body weight in male Sprague–Dawley rats, which had no effect on RBF and caused a 30% reduction in GFR, resulted in a significant increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (vehicle 2.3±0.6 versus rUTS 0.6 pmol 4.5±0.6%, P<0.05) and potassium. At the higher dose of 6 pmol/min per 100 g body weight, haemodynamic effects dominated the response. rUTS induced a marked reduction in RBF and GFR (vehicle 1.03±0.06 versus rUTS 6 pmol 0.31±0.05 ml/min per 100 g body weight, P<0.05) resulting in an anti-diuresis and anti-natriuresis, but no change in fractional excretion of sodium or potassium. Uts2d and Uts2r mRNA expression were greater in the renal medulla compared with the cortex. Together, these data support an inhibitory action of Uts2d on renal tubule sodium and potassium reabsorption in the rat, in addition to its previously described renal haemodynamic effects.
Lead Toxicity in a Family as a Result of Occupational Exposure
Authors: Raviraja Aryapu , Babu Gaja , Bijoor Anita , Menezes Geraldine , Venkatesh Thuppil
Published: June 2008

Lead Toxicity in a Family as a Result of Occupational Exposure

This article describes an entire family manufacturing lead acid batteries who all suffered from lead poisoning. The family of five lived in a house, part of which had been used for various stages of battery production for 14 years. Open space was used for drying batteries. They all drank water from a well located on the premises. Evaluation of biomarkers of lead exposure and/or effect revealed alarming blood lead levels [(3.92±0.94) μmol L-1], 50 % reduction in the activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [(24.67±5.12) U L-1] and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin [(1228±480) μg L-1]. Liver function tests showed an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase [(170.41±41.82) U L-1]. All other liver function test parameters were normal. Renal function tests showed an increase in serum uric acid [(515.81±86.29) μmol L-1] while urea and creatinine were normal. Serum calcium was low [(1.90±0.42) mmol L-1in women and (2.09±0.12) mmol L-1in men], while blood pressure was high in the head of the family and his wife and normal in children. Lead concentration in well water was estimated to 180 μg L-1. The family was referred to the National Referral Centre for Lead Poisoning in India, were they were received treatment and were informed about the hazards of lead poisoning. A follow up three months later showed a slight decrease in blood lead levels and a significant increase in haemoglobin. These findings can be attributed to behavioural changes adopted by the family, even though they continued producing lead batteries.
Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace in Macedonia: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Minov Jordan , KaradžInska-Bislimovska Jovanka , Vasilevska Kristin , Risteska-Kuc Snežana , Stoleski Sašo
Published: June 2008

Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace in Macedonia: Where Are We Now?

To assess the prevalence and the level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace after the enactment of the law restricting indoor smoking in Macedonia, we performed a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study including 372 never-smoking workers recruited from six workplaces. We found a high prevalence of workers exposed to ETS in the workplace (27.4 %) with no significant difference between particular occupation groups. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of passive smokers in the workplace between this study and our study conducted before the law was enacted (31.5 %vs.27.4 %, P=0.324). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS for less than three hours a day was significantly lower than of passive smokers with longer exposure (28.4 %vs.71.6 %, P=0.038). The prevalence of workers exposed to ETS from less than 10 cigarettes smoked by coworkers per day was lower than the prevalence of workers with higher exposure, but statistical significance was not reached (37.9 %vs.62.1 %, P=0.087). Our findings indicate a high prevalence and a high level of exposure to ETS in the workplace, which calls for stricter adherence to smoking-free legislation or even the total ban of smoking in the workplace.
Daily Rhythms of Serum Vitamin D-Metabolites, Calcium and Phosphorus in Horses
Authors: Piccione G. , Assenza A. , Fazio F. , Bergero D. , Caola G.
Published: June 2008

Many physiological processes of domestic animals exhibit daily rhythmicity. The goal of the present study was to investigate the daily rhythms of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and 24,25-(OH)2-D3, 25-(OH)-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in the blood serum of horses. Five Thoroughbred mares from the same farm, clinically healthy and placed in individual stalls, at the same environmental temperature and photoperiod were used. For 30 days prior to the study, the animals underwent the same pattern of daily activity. Blood samples were collected at 4 h-intervals for 48 consecutive h, starting at 08:00 h of the first day and finishing at 04:00 h of the second day, via intravenous cannula inserted into the jugular vein. Each individual sample was assessed for serum concentration of calcium and inorganic phosphorus by means of a UV spectrophotometric test, and serum concentration of 24, 25-(OH)-D3, 25-(OH)-D3, and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 were assessed by means of HPLC method. Data analysis was conducted by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by the single cosinor method. ANOVA showed a significant effect of time on all the variables studied (p < 0.0001) and post-hoc test (SNK) showed significant differences (p < 0.001) comparing all the time intervals of 4 h, on either day. The application of the periodic model and the statistical analysis of the cosinor procedure allowed defining the periodic variables and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. Calcium showed diurnal acrophases at 15:00 h for the 1st day and at 15:48 for the 2nd day; inorganic phosphorus showed diurnal coincident acrophases at 14:32 h both for the 1st and 2nd day and 25-(OH)-D3 showed diurnal acrophases at 14:08 h for the 1st day and at 15:04 h for the 2nd day. The results obtained could be useful for standardizing blood sampling according to the time of day and for optimizing the administration of these substances according to their circadian or other rhythms.
Concentrations of Catecholamines in the Median Eminence of Sheep after Superovulation
Authors: Pástorová B.
Published: June 2008

The effect of hormonal superovulation preparations of FSH (450 IU) or PMSG (1500 IU), on concentration of catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) was studied in the oestrus period using radioenzymatic methods in the median eminence of the sheep. The administration of FSH caused a significant increase in the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in the median eminence (ME) of sheep (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The comparison of the effect of hormonal preparations on the changes in catecholamine levels showed that the effect of FSH was observed mostly in eminentia mediana of sheep. We propose that the given changes in concentrations of catecholamines in the median eminence of sheep after administration of PMSG or FSH are related to steroids after hormonal stimulation.
Administration of Clinoptilolite to Broiler Chickens During Growth and Its Effect on the Growth Rate and Bone Metabolism Indicators
Authors: Straková E. , Pospíšil R. , Suchý P. , Steinhauser L. , Herzig I.
Published: June 2008

The growth rate and bone metabolism indicators were monitored in broiler chickens receiving the feed supplemented with clinoptilolite. One-day-old broiler chickens ROSS 308 were divided into control (C) and experimental (E) groups with 100 males and 100 females per group. The chickens received the complete feed mixture BR1 from 1 to 10 days of age, followed by the feed mixture BR2 until the age of 30 days, and the feed mixture BR3 until the end of the experiment (40 days). The feed mixtures of the experimental group were supplemented with clinoptilolite (commercial additive ZeoFeed) at a level of 0.5% (BR1), 1.5% (BR2) and 2.5% (BR3), replacing the corresponding portion of wheat. Feed mixtures and drinking water were provided ad libitum. The live weight of broiler chickens in both the control and experimental group increased steadily during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, live weights of experimental females (2,416 g) and males (2,829 g) were higher than those of control females (2,345 g) and males (2,694 g) by 3% and 5%, respectively. Significant differences in the live weight between groups were found from the age of 30 days (P ⪬ 0.05 and P ⪬ 0.01). At the age of 40 days, the chickens were slaughtered and the femur and tibiotarsus of the right leg were analysed for the content of dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The ash content in dry matter ranged from 53.0 to 54.1% in group C and from 51.7 to 53.2% in group E. The Ca and P contents in dry matter in group E were lower than those in group C, except for Ca and P in the male tibiotarsus. In both groups, regardless of sex, the ash content was higher in the tibiotarsus than in the femur. Since fat levels in bones of the experimental group were increased (females by 19.5% in the femur and 21.3% in the tibiotarsus; males by 22.0% in the femur and 26.3% in the tibiotarsus), which could affect the values obtained, ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were determined in the fat-free dry matter. The trends found in the originally determined dry matter were maintained, i.e. lower levels of ash, Ca, and P in the experimental group, except for male Ca in both kinds of bones. The corresponding levels in the fat-free dry matter were relatively higher as compared to the original dry matter. The results of the study showed that up to 2.5% of clinoptilolite in the diet had no adverse effect on performance and bone metabolism indicators of growing broiler chickens. Thus, it can be used as a suitable feed additive to broiler diets due to its positive effect on nutrient utilization, mechanism of digestion and pollutant elimination in connection with food safety issues.
Effect of RYR1T Gene Polymorphism on the Initial Growth and Fattening and Slaughter Values of Polish Synthetic Line 990 Pigs Reared in Standardized Litters
Authors: Pietruszka A. , Sosnowska A.
Published: June 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ryanodine receptor gene - RYR1T polymorphism on the initial growth and fattening and slaughter values of Polish Synthetic Line 990 pigs reared in standardized litters. The study was carried on 276 offspring of hyperprolific sows. The sows gave birth to at least 12 live-born piglets. On the first day after birth, litters were equalised to 12 piglets in litter. The body weight was examined on the 21st (21BW), 28th (28BW), 63rd (63BW) and 180th (180BW) days of life. During evaluation, the live average daily gain (LADG) from birth to day 180 of life and the average daily gain (ADG) from day 63 to day 180 of life were determined. The percentage meat content (PMC), backfat thickness (BFT) and loin eye thickness (LET) was determined using PIGLOG 105 ultrasound apparatus. Two alleles of the RYR1 gene (RYR1C, RYR1T) and three genotypes (C/C, C/T and T/T) were identified. The 21BW and 28BW of the T/T genotype were significantly lower than that of the C/C and C/T. The highest PMC was characteristic of the T/T genotype, whereas the lowest one of the C/C genotype (p ⪬ 0.05). The T/T genotype had a higher LET than the C/C genotype (p ⪬ 0.05). No significant differences with respect to LADG, ADG and BFT between RYR1 genotypes were found. It can be stated that early identification of homozygous animals with respect to the RYR1T gene may allow the prediction of the body weight of animals in the initial period of their rearing.
Effect of Polarized Light Treatment on Milk Production and Milk Somatic Cell Count of Cows
Authors: Fenyő M. , Szita G. , Bartyik J. , Dóra J. , Bernáth S.
Published: June 2008

Treatment with linearly polarized light (LPL) is a widely used and recognized therapeutic method in human medicine for healing wounds, ulcers and a variety of other dermatological problems. Polarized light mobilizes the inadequately functioning defence mechanisms of the human body. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of LPL treatment on the udder of milking cows. Before the start of treatment, there was no significant difference between cows to be treated with LPL and the control cows in mean somatic cell counts (SCC) of milk samples taken separately by udder quarter and in the mean milk yield. The LPL treatment lasted for 20 min and was performed twice a day over a period of one month. Before treatment, the mean SCC of milk was 3.47 × 105 ± 910 in the group to be treated and 4.07 × 105 ± 920 in the control group. In a six-week period immediately after treatment, the mean SCC of the treated and the control group was 1.32 × 105 ± 825 and 2.63 × 105 ± 825, indicating a significant difference in favour of the treated group. Before the LPL treatment, the milk yield of cows in the group to be treated was 25.77 ± 1.2 kg/ day, while that of the control cows was 27.30 ± 1.4 kg/day. In a six-week period after treatment, the milk yield of cows in the treated and control groups was 28.83 ± 1.5 kg/day and 25.48 ± 1.4 kg/day, respectively. There is a significant difference between these values in favour of the treated group. The results show that a regular LPL treatment of the udder of cows can significantly reduce the SCC of milk and significantly increase the milk yield. The treatment can be applied during lactation without interfering with the milking regime.
Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs
Authors: Raušer P. , Lexmaulová L. , Srnec R. , Lorenzová J. , Kecová H. , Crha M. , Fichtel T. , Novotná R. , Dvořák M. , Nečas A.
Published: June 2008

The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals - BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group - anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O2-Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO2) and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p < 0.05) HR in 5th, 10th and 25th min, and a lower RR in the 10th, 15th and 20th min. MAP, ETCO2 and SpO2 values did not differ substantially. Butorphanol can thus be identified as a suitable analgesic TKX supplement to anaesthesia of miniature pigs with minimum effect on vital functions.
Effect of Selected Preoperative Factors on Postoperative Mortality in Dogs with Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Crha M. , Lorenzová J. , Urbanová L. , Fichtel T. , Nečas A.
Published: June 2008

A total of 52 dogs surgically treated for small bowel obstruction were evaluated for selected preoperative clinical and laboratory findings as possible risk factors in regard to postoperative mortality in these patients. Relative risk of postoperative mortality was established for the following preoperative findings and indicators: leukocytosis or leukopaenia, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalaemia, thrombocytopaenia and bacterial peritonitis. Of the selected preoperative factors, connection was demonstrated (p < 0.05) with hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and bacterial peritonitis. On the other hand, preoperative findings of hypocalaemia, leukopaenia or leukocytosis were not associated in the monitored group of patients with a higher risk of postoperative patient mortality. In clinical practice, preoperative assessment of the mentioned risk factors connected with a higher postoperative mortality rate could contribute to establishing a more accurate diagnosis in cases of the small bowel obstruction disease in dogs.
Two Techniques of Intestinal Wall Suture in Surgical Treatment of Ileus in Dogs and the Importance of Omentalisation
Authors: Crha M. , Lorenzová J. , Urbanová L. , Fichtel T. , Nečas A.
Published: June 2008

Model experimental studies focused on the intestinal suture techniques in relation to healing, postoperative narrowing of the intestinal lumen or adhesion formation can not comprise a number of clinical factors (foreign body presence in the intestine, haematological abnormalities, septic peritonitis, different age of patients, etc.) that under clinical practice conditions may have an effect on the healing of the intestinal suture. The aim of this clinical study was to confirm in a group of dogs surgically treated for small bowel obstruction, whether different techniques of its wall suture may affect the frequency of possible dehiscence occurrence. This study compares two different techniques of intestinal wall suture in relation to postoperative dehiscence of the intestinal wall closure. Based on the clinical observation with regard to the risk of postoperative dehiscence and possible complications in form of adhesions, also the importance of omentalisation in the suture of small bowel was evaluated. No significant difference was demonstrated (p > 0.05) in the frequency of postoperative dehiscence at the site of the intestinal wall closure between the two-layer inverting and singlelayer appositional techniques of suture. Likewise, no significant difference was demonstrated (p > 0.05) in the frequency of dehiscence of intestinal wall suture between patients that underwent intestinal suture omentalisation and those whose intestinal wall suture was not complemented with omentalisation. Based on the results of this clinical study it may be stated that both manual single-layer approximation technique and two-layer inverting technique of the intestinal wall suture are equally safe from the viewpoint of possible dehiscence, and it depends on the surgeon's preference, which one of the said techniques he or she chooses. Concurrently it may be assumed that an exactly performed suture of the intestinal wall does not necessarily require omentalisation.
Biomaterials and Stem Cells in the Treatment of Articular Cartilage, Meniscal, Physeal, Bone, Ligamentous and Tendineous Defects
Authors: Nečas A. , Plánka L. , Srnec R. , Raušer P. , Urbanová L. , Lorenzová J. , Crha M. , Jančář J. , Gál P.
Published: June 2008

This review briefly summarizes existing results and main trends in experimental studies dealing with the possibilities of the use of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diseases affecting tissues derived from the mesoderm, i.e. articular cartilage, meniscus, physis, bone, ligaments and tendons. The aim of these experimental studies is to find optimal forms of treatment of the diseases of individual parts of the musculoskeletal system using methods of tissue engineering with the use of stem cell transplantation.
Ultrasonic Shock-Wave as a Control Mechanism for Liposome Drug Delivery System for Possible Use in Scaffold Implanted to Animals with Iatrogenic Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Míčková A. , Tománková K. , Kolářová H. , Bajgar R. , Kolář P. , Šunka P. , Plencner M. , Jakubová R. , Beneš J. , Koláčná L. , Plánka L. , Nečas A. , Amler E.
Published: June 2008

A short liposome exposure to ultrasonic waves with the intensity of I = 2 W/cm2 at frequency f = 1 MHz was found to be a sufficient tool for liposome opening. In addition, shock-wave proved to be sufficient also for liposome content release. Both methods are useful tools to be used as control mechanisms for drug delivery systems based on liposomes. However, due to better focusing and low non-thermal side effects, shock-waves probably have a markedly higher potential for successful use.
Comparison of Gutta-Percha Obturation Techniques in the Treatment of Wide Root Canals in Dogs
Authors: Capík I. , Štvrtina S.
Published: June 2008

An in vitro study was conducted to compare gutta-percha obturation techniques of the developing incisors in dogs. Two perpendicular radiographic views were used for evaluation of apical and overall appearance of root canal obturation. Apical leakage technique was used to evaluate ability of each method to provide adequate apical obturation. The endodontic technique utilizing warm vertical condensation with chemically softened guttapercha in the apical region provided the best radiographic appearance without apical dye leakage. The same vertical obturation technique without the use of chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical region showed 33% dye leakage incidence. Lateral obturation techniques provided the least qualitative radiographic appearance to the endodontic fill and dye leakage incidence. Results of evaluation of quality of apical obturation of root canals based on X-ray examination and apical dye leakage resulted in the following conclusions: lateral obturation techniques used in this study have their limitations resulting from typical root canal anatomy; vertical obturation techniques showed better hermetic apical sealing, mainly in the case of vertical condensation of the chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical part of the root canal.
Effect of Meat and Bone Meal Substitutes in Feed Mixes on Quality Indicators of Turkey Breast Meat
Authors: Slepičková M. , Vorlová L.
Published: June 2008

We analyzed turkey breast meat composition in dependence on the presence of proteins of meat and bone meal origin in the feed mixes used. Farmers involved in the research with comparable zoohygienic and technological conditions of poultry management were divided into two groups. The principal difference between the groups was in the feed mixes they used. Poultry in Group 1 was fed feed mixes containing a total of 7.2 - 9.5% of meat and bone meal, fish meal and poultry meal and of 3.4 - 36.8% of soybean according to the age category as the main source of protein. In Group 2 the nutritious portion of meat and bone meal-based protein was substituted with soybean meal. Feed mixes fed to turkeys in Group 2 contained 9.35 - 35.25% soybean meal depending on the age group. Between 2002 and 2003, turkey meat samples were collected at a turkey slaughterhouse. The samples were cooled to + 4 °C and examined for meat binding characteristics, water content, and total fat. The remaining parts of samples were frozen and pooled. Then they were tested for their content of total protein, net muscle protein, collagen and 9 fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, eicosanic, erucic, linoleic and linolenic). Evaluation of the results showed that the absence of meat and bone meal in feed mixes had no effect on the indicators important for technological properties of male turkey breast muscle (meat binding characteristics, water content, content of total protein, net muscle protein and collagen). The results of the study, however, also demonstrated a decrease in total lipids (p < 0.05) and a change in the composition of fatty acids when meat and bone meal was replaced with soybean meal (Group 2). Also increased were the levels of palmitic, stearic and eicosanic fatty acids. The difference between eicosanic fatty acid levels was significant (p < 0.05). In the same group of birds, the level of oleic acid also decreased (p < 0.01). The change in total lipids and in the composition of fatty acids of male turkey breast muscle might be important with regards to human health (particularly cardiovascular and cancer diseases).
Optimal Doping for Enhanced SnO2 Sensitivity and Thermal Stability
Authors: Tricoli Antonio , Graf Markus , Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Published: June 2008

Tin oxide nanocrystals (5–10 nm) doped with silica (0–15 wt %) were made by flame‐spray‐pyrolysis direct deposition onto the sensing electrodes and in situ stabilization by rapid flame annealing. Although increased SiO2‐doping reduced the SnO2 crystal and grain size, its sensing performance to ethanol vapor (0.1–50 ppm) exhibited an optimum with respect to SiO2 content. The thermal stability and morphology of SiO2‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by sintering at 200–900 °C for 4–24 h in air. At low SiO2 content, sintering of SnO2 was prevented only partially resulting in small sinter necks (bottlenecks) between SnO2 primary particles (smaller than twice the Debye length). This morphology drastically enhanced the sensitivity toward the analyte by maintaining a thermally stable high surface area and fully depleted connections at the primary particle necks. This enhancement is attributed mostly to the decreasing neck size of the SnO2SiO2 heterojunctions rather than the decreasing SnO2 crystallite and grain sizes with increasing SiO2 doping. At high SiO2 contents, SnO2 sintering was inhibited as its grains were separated effectively by dielectric SiO2; this resulted in isolated SnO2 nanocrystals with drastically reduced sensitivity, thereby effectively being insulators.
Direct‐Write Assembly of Microperiodic Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Ghosh Sourabh , Parker Sara T. , Wang Xianyan , Kaplan David L. , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: June 2008

Three–dimensional, microperiodic scaffolds of regenerated silk fibroin have been fabricated for tissue engineering by direct ink writing. The ink, which consisted of silk fibroin solution from the Bombyx mori silkworm, was deposited in a layer‐by‐layer fashion through a fine nozzle to produce a 3D array of silk fibers of diameter 5 µm. The extruded fibers crystallized when deposited into a methanol‐rich reservoir, retaining a pore structure necessary for media transport. The rheological properties of the silk fibroin solutions were investigated and the crystallized silk fibers were characterized for structure and mechanical properties by infrared spectroscopy and nanoindentation, respectively. The scaffolds supported human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion, and growth. Cells cultured under chondrogenic conditions on these scaffolds supported enhanced chondrogenic differentiation based on increased glucosaminoglycan production compared to standard pellet culture. Our results suggest that 3D silk fibroin scaffolds may find potential application as tissue engineering constructs due to the precise control of their scaffold architecture and their biocompatibility.
Synthesis and properties of N3 and CN delivery compounds and related precursors for nitride and ceramic fabrication
Authors: Tice Jesse B. , Ritter C. J. , Chizmeshya A. V. G. , Forrest Brandon , Torrison Levi , Groy T. L. , Kouvetakis J.
Published: June 2008

The simple azido and cyano compounds Cl2AsN3, Br2AsN3, (C6H5)SiH2N3, (C6H5)SiH2CN and p‐(tolyl)SiH2CN have been prepared for the first time by metathesis reactions involving the corresponding halides and NaN3, LiN3 and LiCN. These compounds represent a highly reactive and efficient family of delivery reagents for the preparation of N3 and CN molecular precursors to bulk ceramics and nitride thin films. They are isolated as low volatility liquids and characterized by spectroscopic methods and chemical analysis. Ab initio simulations were used to elucidate the structural and vibrational properties of the simpler, fully inorganic Cl2AsN3 and Br2AsN3 species. This theoretical treatment was extended to include the hypothetical H2AsN3 and HClAsN3 derivatives which are particularly desirable as single‐source low‐temperature AsN sources for the formation of highly sought after, metastable GaAs1−xNx materials for solar cell applications. The practical utility of the title molecules is also demonstrated by synthesizing several representative compounds of B, Be, Ga and Al, which are of interest for the development of open frameworks, optoelectronic nitrides and refractory BCN hybrids. The cyanide derivatives (C6H5)SiH2CN and p‐(tolyl)SiH2CN react readily with Be and B halides to yield crystalline Be(CN)2 and amorphous BCN. The latter is crystallized upon heating to form graphite‐like polymorphs with homogeneous nanoscale morphologies. The azide derivatives Cl2AsN3, Br2AsN3 and (C6H5)SiH2N3 react readily with GaBr3, GaCl3 and BBr3 to produce high yields of the previously reported Br2GaN3, Cl2GaN3 and Br2BN3, respectively. The latter is shown to possess a trimeric molecular structure in which the α‐nitrogen of the azide group bridges the boron atoms to form cyclohexane‐like B3N3 rings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Trivedi Amit , Dodiya Dipti , Surani Janak , Jarsania Samir , Mathukiya Hitesh , Ravat Naresh , Shah Viresh
Published: June 2008

The present article describes a facile one‐pot synthesis of a series of eight pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines 4a–h which were evaluated for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Alamar‐Blue susceptibility test and the activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mg/mL. The compounds 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4g exhibited the best results (1.2 μg/mL) when compared with first‐line drugs such as isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIP). Therefore, this class of compounds could be a good starting point to develop new lead compounds in the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis.
Synthesis and Anti‐HBV Activities Evaluation of New Ethyl 8‐Imidazolylmethyl‐7‐hydroxyquinoline‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives in vitro
Authors: Liu Yajing , Zhao Yanfang , Zhai Xin , Liu Xiuping , Sun Lixue , Ren Yanxia , Gong Ping
Published: June 2008

Some new ethyl 8‐imidazolylmethyl‐7‐hydroxyquinoline‐3‐carboxylate derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities and cytotoxicities in HepG2.2.15 cells stable transfection with HBV. Compounds 13a, 11b, 11c, 12c, 13c, 11g, and 12g inhibited the expression of the viral antigens HBsAg or HBeAg in a low concentration, of which 11c (IC50 = 12.6 μM, SI = 12.4), 12c (IC50 = 3.5 μM, SI = 37.9), and 12g (IC50 = 2.6 μM, SI = 61.6) showed more active abilities to inhibit the replication of HBV DNA than the positive control lamivudine (3TC, IC50 = 343.2 μM, SI = 7.0).
Treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis with an anti‐osteopontin monoclonal antibody through promotion of apoptosis of both murine and human activated T cells
Authors: Fan Kexing , Dai Jianxin , Wang Hao , Wei Huafeng , Cao Zhiguo , Hou Sheng , Qian Weizhu , Wang Huaqing , Li Bohua , Zhao Jian , Xu Huji , Yang Chengde , Guo Yajun
Published: June 2008

Objective

To test the effects of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human osteopontin (OPN) in the prevention and treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Methods

DBA/1J mice immunized with type II collagen to induce CIA were monitored to assess the effects of anti‐OPN mAb on the clinical severity of the disease, and pathologic changes in the joints were examined histologically. The effects of anti‐OPN mAb on survival of activated T cells from arthritic mice and from the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were determined by TUNEL assay or annexin V assay. The levels of apoptosis‐related proteins (Bim, Bax, and Bcl‐2) and NF‐κB were detected by immunoblot analysis.

Results

One anti‐OPN mAb, 23C3, was effective in inhibiting the development of CIA and even reversing established disease in DBA/1J mice. Monoclonal antibody 23C3 reduced the levels of serum type II collagen–specific autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, and suppressed T cell recall responses to type II collagen. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that OPN prevented the death of type II collagen–activated murine T cells and synovial T cells from RA patients. Monoclonal antibody 23C3 promoted apoptosis of the activated T cells, particularly CD4+ T cells, by inhibiting activation of NF‐κB and by altering the balance among the proapoptotic proteins Bim and Bax and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Screening of a phage display peptide library led to identification of the epitope ATWLNPDPSQKQ as being recognized by this novel antibody.

Conclusion

Because of its ability to effectively promote apoptosis of activated T cells, mAb 23C3 may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
Efficacy and safety of etanercept 50 mg twice a week in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had a suboptimal response to etanercept 50 mg once a week: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, active drug–controlled study
Authors: Weinblatt Michael E. , Schiff Michael H. , Ruderman Eric M. , Bingham Clifton O. , Li Juan , Louie James , Furst Daniel E.
Published: June 2008

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with 50 mg of etanercept twice a week plus weekly methotrexate (MTX; ≥15 mg) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had a suboptimal response to 50 mg of etanercept once a week plus weekly MTX (≥15 mg).

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, active drug–controlled study, suboptimal responders to treatment with MTX plus etanercept 50 mg once weekly were given MTX plus etanercept 50 mg twice weekly (n = 160) or MTX plus etanercept 50 mg once weekly plus a placebo (n = 40) for 12 weeks. In a subsequent 12‐week open‐label period, patients who responded to etanercept 50 mg twice weekly decreased their dosage to 50 mg once weekly, those who had a partial response to etanercept 50 mg once weekly increased their dosage to 50 mg twice weekly, and those who had no response to etanercept 50 mg twice weekly were discontinued. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a response on the Disease Activity Score 28‐joint assessment (DAS28) at week 12.

Results

A total of 201 patients were randomized; 187 completed 12 weeks, and 102 completed 24 weeks. At week 12 (double‐blind period), the DAS28 response in the 50 mg twice weekly and the 50 mg once weekly groups was not significantly different (45.6% versus 35.0%; P = 0.285), and similar proportions of patients in the groups taking 100 mg and 50 mg experienced adverse events (34.4% versus 37.5%; P = 0.711). Serious adverse events occurred in 7 of 160 of the 50 mg twice weekly group and 0 of 40 of the 50 mg once weekly group (P = 0.387), and serious infectious events occurred in 3 of 160 patients in the 50 mg twice weekly group (P = 0.884).

Conclusion

Etanercept 50 mg once weekly is an optimal dosage in most patients with RA. Increasing the dosage from 50 mg once weekly to 50 mg twice weekly in suboptimal responders did not significantly improve their DAS28 responses.
Integration of safety technologies into rheumatology and orthopedics practices: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Moorjani Gautam R. , Bedrick Edward J. , Michael Adrian A. , Peisajovich Andres , Sibbitt Wilmer L. , Bankhurst Arthur D.
Published: June 2008

Objective

To identify and integrate new safety technologies into outpatient musculoskeletal procedures and measure the effect on outcome, including pain.

Methods

Using national resources for patient safety and literature review, the following safety technologies were identified: a safety needle to reduce inadvertent needlesticks to heath care workers, and the reciprocating procedure device (RPD) to improve patient safety and reduce pain. Five hundred sixty‐six musculoskeletal procedures involving syringes and needles were randomized to either an RPD group or a conventional syringe group, and pain, quality, safety, and physician acceptance were measured.

Results

During 566 procedures, no accidental needlesticks occurred with safety needles. Use of the RPD resulted in a 35.4% reduction (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 24–46%) in patient‐assessed pain (mean ± SD scores on a visual analog pain scale [VAPS] 3.12 ± 2.23 for the RPD and 4.83 ± 3.22 for the conventional syringe; P < 0.001) and a 49.5% reduction (95% CI 34–64%) in patient‐assessed significant pain (VAPS score ≥5) (P < 0.001). Physician acceptance of the RPD combined with a safety needle was excellent.

Conclusion

As mandated by the Joint Commission and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, safety technologies and the use of pain scales can be successfully integrated into rheumatologic and orthopedic procedures. The combination of a safety needle to reduce needlestick injuries to health care workers and the RPD to improve safety and outcome of patients is effective and well accepted by physicians.
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines and CXCL5 are essential for the recruitment of neutrophils in a multicellular model of rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Authors: Smith Emily , McGettrick Helen M. , Stone Michael A. , Shaw John S. , Middleton Jim , Nash Gerard B. , Buckley Christopher D. , Ed Rainger G.
Published: June 2008

Objective

The role of chemokines and their transporters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly described. Evidence suggests that CXCL5 plays an important role, because it is abundant in RA tissue, and its neutralization moderates joint damage in animal models of arthritis. Expression of the chemokine transporter Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) is also up‐regulated in early RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CXCL5 and DARC in regulating neutrophil recruitment, using an in vitro model of RA synovium.

Methods

To model RA synovium, RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) were cocultured with endothelial cells (ECs) for 24 hours. Gene expression in cocultured cells was investigated using TaqMan gene arrays. The roles of CXCL5 and DARC were determined by incorporating cocultures into a flow‐based adhesion assay, in which their function was demonstrated by blocking neutrophil recruitment with neutralizing reagents.

Results

EC–RASF coculture induced chemokine expression in both cell types. Although the expression of CXC chemokines was modestly up‐regulated in ECs, the expression of CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8 was greatly increased in RASFs. RASFs also promoted the recruitment of flowing neutrophils to ECs. Anti‐CXCL5 antibody abolished neutrophil recruitment by neutralizing CXCL5 expressed on ECs or when used to immunodeplete coculture‐conditioned medium. DARC was also induced on ECs by coculture, and anti‐Fy6 antibody or small interfering RNA targeting of DARC expression effectively abolished neutrophil recruitment.

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate, in a model of human disease, that the function of DARC is essential for editing the chemokine signals presented by ECs and for promoting unwanted leukocyte recruitment.