bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the scattering characteristics of large double-spherical systems
Authors: Wang Jin-hu , Xu Yi , Jin Wenyu , Sun Mengqi
Published: October 2024

To study the influence of multiple scattering factors on the scattering characteristics, the scattering properties of a sizable double-spherical system at random orientations were analyzed by comparison of the T matrix and simple addition in the S-, C-, and X-bands, including the backscatter section (Cbak), attenuation section (Cext) and scattering section (Csca), asymmetry factor (g), and single scattering albedo (w), with the change in the spherical distance (d) and particle radius (r). It was found that the spacing between the spheres is four times the sphere’s radius, which is a clear cut-off point for the influence of multiple scattering in a two-spherical system. Then, by fitting the relative difference multiples of the T matrix method and the simple addition method, the uniform expression of each optical parameter under multiple scattering conditions is obtained.
Facile synthesis of Sb2WO6 with gradient oxygen vacancies for high photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cui Yu , Lin Yi , Tang Yalu , Yu Yanlong , Yan Sai , Gao Benling , Chu Paul K.
Published: October 2024

The Sb2WO6 photocatalyst is synthesized by introducing oxygen vacancies through acetylene annealing. The number of oxygen vacancies can be adjusted by varying the annealing duration. Oxygen vacancy defects in Sb2WO6 change the surface chemical properties, enhance the separation of carriers, broaden the absorption of visible light, and activate the catalytic sites, resulting in overall enhancement of the photocatalytic properties. The significance of surface oxygen vacancies and pertinent mechanisms of photocatalytic oxidation are described. Our results reveal a promising method to improve the properties of Sb2WO6-based materials for applications such as the treatment of wastewater.
Cryogenic temperature operation of NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction and Ni/Au Schottky rectifiers
Authors: Wan Hsiao-Hsuan , Chiang Chao-Ching , Li Jian-Sian , Labed Madani , Park Jang Hyeok , Rim You Seung , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

Vertical geometry NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction (HJ) rectifiers and Ni/Au Schottky rectifiers fabricated on the same wafer and each with the same diameter (100 μm) were operated at 77–473 K to compare their capabilities in space-like environments. The HJ rectifiers suffer a 4-order reduction in forward current at 77 K due to the freeze-out of acceptors in the NiO, leading to MIS-type operation. By sharp contrast, the Schottky rectifiers have higher forward current and lower on-resistance at 77 K compared to 298 K due to improved carrier mobility. The on/off ratio of Schottky rectifiers at 77 K becomes similar to HJ rectifiers at 298–473 K. The reverse recovery time of Schottky rectifiers is reduced from 20 ns at 273 K to 16 ns at 77 K, while HJ rectifiers cannot be switched at this temperature. While the latter are superior for high-temperature applications, the former are better suited to cryogenic operation.
Trends in high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology of women in Karamay City, 2012–2021
Authors: Jia Xiaoping , Jiang Min , Zhou Jing , Ma Cailing
Published: October 2024

Background To describe the changes in cervical lesions prevalence and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections from 2012 to 2021, which have never been reported before, to provide direction for the effective implementation of cervical cancer prevention measures. Methods This retrospective study included women aged >25 years who received either organised or opportunistic cervical HR-HPV screening from January 2012 to December 2021 in Karamay Central Hospital, Karamay, China. The patients were split into four groups according to age 25–35, 36–45, 46–55 and >55 years, respectively. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to analyse the trends of HR-HPV infection and the detection of cervical lesions. Results Data from 85,429 women revealed a decline in HR-HPV infection rates across all age groups from 2012 to 2021. Although HR-HPV infection rates decreased, cervical lesion detection rates increased, although the proportion of cervical cancer in these lesions declined, likely due to enhanced awareness and HPV vaccination in Karamay. From 2012 to 2021, the prevalence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was 9.70%, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions was 5.85%. HR-HPV infections were highest in the ≥55 years age group, with HPV52 (20.96%) being the most prevalent type. Conclusions In the past 10 years, the prevalence of HR-HPV infection has shown a decreasing trend, whereas the detection prevalence of cervical lesions has shown an upward trend among women in Karamay City. Importantly, particular emphasis should be placed on cervical cancer screening in women aged >55 years.
Longitudinal hippocampal axis in large-scale cortical systems underlying development and episodic memory
Authors: Xie Hua , Illapani Venkata Sita Priyanka , Reppert Lauren T. , You Xiaozhen , Krishnamurthy Manu , Bai Yutong , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D. , Hong Seok-Jun , Sepeta Leigh N.
Published: October 2024

The hippocampus is functionally specialized along its longitudinal axis with intricate interactions with cortical systems, which is crucial for understanding development and cognition. Using a well-established connectopic mapping technique on two large resting-state functional MRI datasets, we systematically quantified topographic organization of the hippocampal functional connectivity (hippocampal gradient) and its cortical interaction in developing brains. We revealed hippocampal functional hierarchy within the large-scale cortical brain systems, with the anterior hippocampus preferentially connected to an anterior temporal (AT) pathway and the posterior hippocampus embedded in a posterior medial (PM) pathway. We examined the developmental effects of the primary gradient and its whole-brain functional interaction. We observed increased functional specialization along the hippocampal long axis and found a general whole-brain connectivity shift from the posterior to the anterior hippocampus during development. Using phenotypic predictive modeling, we further delineated how the hippocampus is differentially integrated into the whole-brain cortical hierarchy underlying episodic memory and identified several key nodes within PM/AT systems. Our results highlight the importance of hippocampal gradient and its cortical interaction in development and for supporting episodic memory.
Targeting Unc5b in macrophages drives atherosclerosis regression and pro-resolving immune cell function
Authors: Schlegel Martin , Cyr Yannick , Newman Alexandra A. C. , Schreyer Korbinian , Barcia Durán José Gabriel , Sharma Monika , Bozal Fazli K. , Gourvest Morgane , La Forest Maxwell , Afonso Milessa S. , van Solingen Coen , Fisher Edward A. , Moore Kathryn J.
Published: October 2024

Atherosclerosis results from lipid-driven inflammation of the arterial wall that fails to resolve. Imbalances in macrophage accumulation and function, including diminished migratory capacity and defective efferocytosis, fuel maladaptive inflammation and plaque progression. The neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 has dichotomous roles in inflammation partly due to its multiple receptors; in atherosclerosis, netrin-1 promotes macrophage survival and retention via its receptor Unc5b. To minimize the pleiotropic effects of targeting netrin-1, we tested the therapeutic potential of deleting Unc5b in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. We generated
Unc5b
fl/fl
Cx3cr1
creERT2/WT
mice, which allowed conditional deletion of Un5b (∆
Unc5b
MØ
) in monocytes and macrophages by tamoxifen injection. After inducing advanced atherosclerosis by hepatic PCSK9 overexpression and western diet feeding for 20 wk,
Unc5b
was deleted and hypercholesterolemia was normalized to simulate clinical lipid management. Deletion of myeloid
Unc5b
led to a 40% decrease in atherosclerotic plaque burden and reduced plaque complexity compared to
Unc5b
fl/fl
Cx3cr1
WT/WT
littermate controls (Ctrl
MØ
). Consistently, plaque macrophage content was reduced by 50% in ∆
Unc5b
MØ
mice due to reduced plaque Ly6C
hi
monocyte recruitment and macrophage retention. Compared to Ctrl
MØ
mice, plaques in ∆
Unc5b
MØ
mice had reduced necrotic area and fewer apoptotic cells, which correlated with improved efferocytotic capacity by
Unc5b
-deficient macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Beneficial changes in macrophage dynamics in the plaque upon
Unc5b
deletion were accompanied by an increase in atheroprotective T cell populations, including T-regulatory and Th2 cells. Our data identify Unc5b in advanced atherosclerosis as a therapeutic target to induce pro-resolving restructuring of the plaque immune cells and to promote atherosclerosis regression.
Electronic Structure Evolution during Martensitic Phase Transition in All-d-Metal Heusler Compounds: The Case of Pd2MnTi
Authors: Li 李 Guijiang 贵江 , Wang 王 Gang 刚 , Liu 刘 Enke 恩克
Published: October 2024

Taking Pd2MnTi as a representative example, we systematically investigate and theoretically reveal the electronic structure evolution during martensitic phase transition in all-d-metal Heusler compounds. The calculation and theoretical analysis suggest that Pd2MnTi is not stable in cubic structure and prone to transform to low-symmetric tetragonal structure. By tetragonal deformation, the shrinkage of lattice parameters and the decrease of symmetry promote the electron accumulation between Pd and its first nearest neighboring Ti atom, resulting in the increasing covalent hybridization. The occurrence of pseudogap in density of states of tetragonal Pd2MnTi near the Fermi level also verifies the enhancement of covalent bond. Comparatively, the stronger interatomic bond in tetragonal Pd2MnTi, i.e., covalent bond here, would strengthen interatomic coupling and consequently lower the energy of the material. By the martensitic phase transition, more stable states in energy are achieved. Thus, based on the analysis of electronic structure evolution, the nature of martensitic phase transition is a process wherein symmetry breaking weakens the original weak chemical bonds in high-symmetric parent phase and induces the strong chemical bond to lower the energy of the materials and to achieve a more stable state. This study could help to deepen the understanding of martensitic phase transition and the exploration of novel materials for potential technical applications.
Highly responsive gas sensors based on grain boundary–rich polycrystalline few-layer MoS2 films for NO2 detection
Authors: Ji Yue , Li Shengyuan , Jia Zhiyan , Wang Yi , Li Jinyi
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the issues of insufficient sensitivity and poor reversibility for NO2 detection by successfully fabricating a sensor based on uniform and high-quality few-layer MoS2 polycrystalline material using chemical vapor deposition. This approach aims to improve the response of the sensor by exploiting the abundance of grain boundary (GB) defects in polycrystalline MoS2 membranes. Comprehensive surface morphology analysis of the few-layer MoS2 polycrystalline films was conducted using microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize their chemical composition and properties. Subsequently, evaluation of 1–100-ppm NO2 was conducted at room temperature (25 °C). The results show excellent performance of the sensor, with a response range of 11–82.24. Notably, under ultraviolet excitation at room temperature, this sensor exhibits a response time of only 41 s to 50 ppm of NO2 with complete recovery and improved sensitivity, maintaining reliable stability over eight weeks. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the sensor demonstrates high selectivity toward NO2 gas with limit of detection and limit of qualification values of 10 and 34 ppb, respectively. Owing to the abundant adsorption sites provided by GB defects in polycrystalline thin films, the response performance of the sensor is effectively enhanced. This study provides valuable insights into the future design and development of high-performance NO2 gas sensors.
Light bullets under conditions of third harmonics generation
Authors: Sazonov S V
Published: October 2024

An analytical study of the possibility of a two-color light bullet forming during generation of the third harmonics in a graded index waveguide with the focusing Kerr nonlinearity is carried out. It is shown that under conditions of phase and group matching, as well as the absence of group velocity dispersion at the third harmonic frequency, a stable light bullet can be formed under certain restrictions. This applies to the lower limit on the temporal duration of the light bullet and to the upper limit on its power. The most stringent condition is the double restriction on the transverse radius of the light bullet.
Development of Energy Security Definition and Indexes for Sustainable Future: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aisyah Nyayu , Sasongko Nugroho Adi , Nasruddin  , Ariyadi Hifni Mukhtar
Published: October 2024

In recent years, energy security has been gaining increasing attention worldwide, leading to a rapid growth in research and literature on the subject. As a result, many definitions regarding energy security have been proposed, reflecting the diverse perspectives and considerations involved in ensuring a secure and sustainable energy supply. There has also been a growing interest in how to measure, which has in turn led to the energy security indicators and indices development. Thus, this paper explores the definition of energy security, as well as its various dimensions and the indices employed to measure it. As a result, the scope of energy security has broadened to encompass contemporary concerns such as the environment, governance, social aspects, and technological efficiency, which were not traditionally given much consideration in the past. As a result, multiple themes have been considered, leading to a more holistic understanding and approach to energy security. This evolution has significant implications for the construction of the energy security index especially in Indonesia, as a more comprehensive set of indicators is now required to offer a comprehensive assessment of energy security within a country and provide valuable insights for energy policymakers.
Energy Transition Analysis and Climate Action Strategy in the Power Sector: A Case Study of the Java-Bali System
Authors: Reza M , Setiawan A A , Waluyo J
Published: October 2024

The transformation of societies over time has led to a marked shift in energy consumption patterns. In the face of rapid industrial growth and a burgeoning population, Indonesia confronts the multifaceted challenge of achieving a balance among energy trilemma: energy security, economic affordability, and environmental sustainability. This study assesses the feasibility of low-carbon energy systems in Indonesia, evaluating current policies and proposing a roadmap for net-zero emissions. Utilizing the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and the Next Energy Modeling System for Optimization (NEMO), the study explores multiple scenarios—namely, Business-as-Usual (BAU), Carbon Capture and Storage Mitigation (CCSM), and New and Renewable Energy Mitigation (NREM). Of these, the NREM scenario, emphasizing the integration of innovative and renewable energy sources, achieves the most substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining economic viability. This strategy advocates for the comprehensive adoption of new and renewable energy, aiming to approximate zero emissions by 2060. The peak direct cost of production for this scenario is estimated at $270.8 billion. However, each scenario presents its own set of technological, economic, and policy-related challenges, necessitating strategic solutions for a successful transition to sustainable energy systems.
Assessing the Potential of Smart Windows for Energy Efficiency in Tropical Buildings: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions
Authors: Siddiq Nur Abdillah , Kevin Hendinata Laurentius
Published: October 2024

Smart windows have energy-saving potential in buildings in tropical climates. Characterized by high solar radiation, humidity, and temperature, tropical climates demand innovative solutions for energy-efficient building design. Smart windows, which can regulate the transmission of light and heat through different thermochromic, photochromic, or electrochromic technologies, are promising to reduce energy consumption in such buildings. Several emerging window technologies, such as gasochromic, hydrochromic, polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, and suspended particle device technologies, also have promising energy-saving potential. However, their high initial costs, durability, and reliability of these technologies limit their applicability. Prospects for smart windows in buildings in tropical climates include advancements in materials science, cost reduction, and integration of smart window technology with other building systems, such as lighting and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The potential benefits of smart windows for energy-saving s in buildings in tropical climates are substantial, up to 37%. Thus, further research and development in this area would lead to significant advancements in sustainable building design for a better future.
Study on the potential development of nuscale small modular reactor (smr) nuclear power plant to support the energy needs in the capital city of nusantara
Authors: Novianto F F , Hasibuan M H , Widiastuti P , Meireni M , Rohanda A
Published: October 2024

In facing the dependence on unsustainable energy sources such as fossil fuels, diversifying the energy supply becomes crucial. As Indonesia’s new capital city, Nusantara significantly requires new and renewable energy sources as it can enhance energy security by reducing dependence on energy imports while also providing economic stimulus and creating new job opportunities. The potential development of new and renewable energy sources.in Nusantara is a solution to Indonesia’s dependence on fossil energy, which negatively impacts the environment and public health. One of these energy sources is the NuScale SMR type of nuclear power plant. The research method employed is a literature study based on various relevant sources related to the research topic. The results of the literature study indicate that the NuScale SMR is a nuclear reactor that possesses advantages in terms of size, high safety, reliability, resource efficiency, support for renewable energy, as well as affordable modularity and scalability, making it a prime choice to fulfil the energy needs in Nusantara. By utilising new and renewable energy sources from smaller and modular nuclear technology, Indonesia can reduce its dependence on fossil energy and promote a transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
Oscillating water column supporting structures: A review
Authors: Al Mudzakir R F , Satrio D , Prastianto R W , Rahmawati S
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies on the potential for wave energy in Indonesian waters have been conducted using Wave Energy Converter (WEC). One of the most extensively studied and developed wave energy conversion technologies is the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). Although OWC technology has the good potential, there are still several difficulties and problems that prevent its widespread development and use. One is the difficulty of keeping the systems working in hostile marine conditions. The supporting structure is an integral part of the design and operation of an OWC system. An OWC system’s structural design must guarantee lifespan, stability, and dependability in a severe marine environment. More study is required to create durable and dependable systems, mainly supporting structures functioning in these conditions. This study reviews existing literature to analyse the structural strength of OWC systems, aiming to provide insights into methods for enhancing their durability and reliability, particularly in harsh marine conditions. Key findings include the classification of various supporting structure technologies used in OWC projects, providing insights into their effectiveness and applicability in different environmental settings. Moreover, the study emphasizes ongoing efforts to address obstacles limiting the widespread adoption of OWC technology, underscoring the need for further research and development.
Long term demand forecasting in Jakarta distribution grid system using fuzzy logic and artificial neural network method
Authors: Marpaung Frintis Septa , Arifin Zainal , Suadaa Lya Hulliyyatus , Huda Muhammad
Published: October 2024

In order to attain equilibrium between energy supply and demand, reliance on conventional methods for precise long-term electricity demand forecasting is no longer viable. The utilization of artificial intelligence, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural network (ANN) models, emerges as a prospective solution in the current dynamic scenario. This research explores long-term electricity demand forecasting within the Jakarta distribution grid system, employing various fuzzy logic and ANN approaches including Sugeno, Mamdani, Bayesian Regularization, and the Levenberg algorithm. The analysis incorporates time series data spanning 2016 to 2019, encompassing electricity load demand, economic factors, and demographic variables, processed using MATLAB. The outcomes of the four forecasting methods reveal an average error range of 2 to 3%. The findings indicate that employing fuzzy logic and ANN methods for long-term electricity demand forecasting can yield a forecast error of less than 3%. The study recommends future research enhancements through the inclusion of additional time series data and a more refined system.
Study of Resistance of [Cu3(C6H3(COO)3)2(H2O)3]n (HKUST-1) To Electron Beam at Dosages of 0 to 150 kGy
Authors: Velicia Keysa Angela , Kambali Imam , Muharini Anung , Ferdiansjah
Published: October 2024

Processing radioactive waste remains a formidable task in utilizing radioactive materials due to their inherent toxicity and carcinogenic nature, necessitating treatment before safe release into the environment. Among the methods employed for radioactive waste treatment, adsorption stands out, with considerable attention focused on an emerging adsorbent named [Cu3(C6H3(COO)3)2(H2O)3]n or Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-1 (HKUST-1), renowned for its distinctive properties. HKUST-1, being a porous material, holds promise as an effective agent for radioactive waste adsorption. In this investigation, HKUST-1 was synthesized via the solvothermal technique at 100°C, and its resilience was evaluated under electron beam irradiation at doses ranging from 50 to 150 kGy. Characterization techniques involving SEM, XRD, and adsorption tests were conducted to assess any alterations in HKUST-1’s attributes pre- and post-irradiation. Results revealed modifications in HKUST- 1’s characteristics following electron beam exposure, notably a decline in crystal adsorption quality within the 50 to 125 kGy dose range, indicating amorphization. Additionally, irradiation at 50 and 150 kGy demonstrated a potential for crystallization, thereby augmenting adsorption quality. Remarkably, the most favorable adsorption performance was observed at a 150 kGy irradiation dose, showcasing an average adsorbed gas volume of 332.05 cm3/g, a surface area of 947.747 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.5586 cm3/g.
Mesoporous titania as sorbent for 99Mo/99mTc generators column with low specific activity molybdenum-99 for nuclear medicine application
Authors: Qaira I S , Maiyesni  , Rindiyantono F , Munir M , Febriana S , Prasetya K E , Prihatiningsih M C , Saptiama I
Published: October 2024

The 99Mo/99mTc generator is a chromatography column system that can be eluted to obtain technetium-99m (99mTc) for nuclear medicine applications in the hospital. Mesoporous titania is developed for the Mo adsorbent of a 99Mo/99mTc generator column employing low specific activity 99Mo produced by nuclear reactor irradiation of natural molybdenum. A symmetric triblock copolymer of P123 was used as a template to create mesoporous titania using the sol-gel process.. The molar ratio of the reactant (titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and titanium chloride (TiCl4)) was applied with ratios 1:1 and 3:2. Then, the different temperature calcination also was implied at 450 °C and 550 °C. The resulting mesoporous titania was studied utilizing thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and characterization analysis of X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the Mo adsorption test was conducted by batch method. The highest molybdenum adsorption capacity of mesoporous titania samples is 34.62 mg Mo g−1 adsorbent. Mesoporous titania has the potential as a novel adsorbent for the 99Mo/99mTc generator column.
Amidoximated Bacterial Cellulose Film for Pb2+ Adsorption in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Oktaviani O , Syahputra A R , Yunus A L , Nuryanthi N , Nilatany A , Puspitasari T , Maryana R
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the application of amidoximated bacterial cellulose (AMO-BC) film for lead (Pb) adsorption from aqueous solutions. In our previous study, bacterial cellulose has been successfully modified through amidoximation to enhance its metal adsorption capacity. In order to modify the bacterial cellulose (BC) film, acrylonitrile was grafted onto it initiated by an electron beam to create BC-grafted-polyacrylonitrile (BC-g-PAN). After that, amidoximated bacterial cellulose (AMO-BC) was generated when BC-g-PAN reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to add amidoxime functional groups to the cellulose backbone. Then, AMO-BC before and after lead adsorption was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption capacity of AMO-BC for lead ions was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments with the initial lead concentration of 200 mgL−1 and an adsorbent dose of 20 mg, on pH 6 for two hours of the adsorption process. The results showed that AMO-BC exhibited higher lead adsorption capacity than pristine bacterial cellulose i.e., 44.56 and 50.96 mg/gram for BC and AMO-BC films, respectively.
Electrolyte Solution Stirring Effect on Deposition Rate, Crystallographic Orientation, and Electrochemical Behaviour of Ni Film
Authors: Syamsuir S , Susetyo F B , Anggrainy R , Lubi A , Soegijono B , Rosyidan C , Yudanto S D , Situmorang E U M , Nanto D
Published: October 2024

Stirring the electrolyte meanwhile electrodeposition process is running may influence the properties of the forming films. In this work, the electrodeposition of copper (Cu) over aluminium (Al) alloy was performed. Subsequently, the electrodeposition of nickel (Ni) onto the formed Cu layer was conducted. In order to enhance the films properties, some various stirring speeds then are implied on the plating solution of the Ni electrodeposition process. The synthesized of Ni films were analysed by means of both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a potentiostat equipment. The sample made shows different physical properties before and after electrodeposition based on sample weighed to examine the deposition rate. XRD patterns confirmed that all samples have a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structures with a space group of Fm-3m. Stirring speed play an important role of an inverse relationship with deposition rate, crystallite size, lattice strain, and corrosion rate. The sample that was made using the highest stirring speed yield a better corrosion resistance at around 0.239 mmpy due to less lattice strain.
Modification of bemban fiber (donax canniformis) with variations in NaOH concentration and soaking time
Authors: Haryanti N H , Suryajaya  , Manik T N , Siregar S S , Zahara A W L , Saputra Y
Published: October 2024

Modification and characterization of the physical, chemical and morphological properties of chemically engineered bemban fibers have been carried out with various NaOH concentrations and soaking times. The aim is to obtain the most optimal bemban fiber modification result so that they can be recommended as functional material reinforcement in composites. Fibers were modified by soaking for 1, 2 and 3 hours in NaOH solutions with concentrations of 2%, 3% and 4%; and also at 5% NaOH for 0.5 hours, 1 hour and 2 hours. The modification has reduced the lignin content and increased the cellulose fiber content. These results were confirmed by the results of the functional group spectrum using FTIR and fiber morphology using SEM. The physical properties of fiber such as water content, fiber diameter and porosity decreased while fiber density increased. The characteristics of the bemban fiber with modification in 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours have optimum values for the modifications carried out.
Development of Mg-3Al-0.5Zn-0.4Mn-1Gd Alloys as a Clavicle Bone Implant Material: A Literature Review
Authors: Premono A , Basori I , Sukarno R , Alhamidi M A , Muqafillah M F D , Anugrah H S , Abidin M
Published: October 2024

Magnesium alloys are widely used as implant materials such as Magnesium-Aluminium, Magnesium-Mangan, Magnesium-Zirconium, and others. These alloys still need further research regarding the mechanical properties of the alloy materials, resistance to corrosion rate, and anti-toxic properties to the human body. This article reviews the Magnesium alloy AZ31 (Magnesium-3Al-1Zn-0.4Mn) with the addition of the Gadolinium element as a candidate for the implant of the clavicle bone. The novelty of the proposed research is the change in composition in the form of a reduction of 0.5% Zn and the addition of 1% Gd. Furthermore, anodizing and coating treatment is implemented to improve the mechanical stability of the alloy. This alloy is supposed to improve the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of magnesium. The addition of gadolinium can increase the mechanical strength, creep resistance, and rate of corrosion resistance.
Antioxidant Activity of Gold Nanofilms Synthesized via Cyclic Voltammetry Technique
Authors: Suliasih Babay Asih , Kurniawan Dwi Giwang , Angelina Marissa , Budi Setia , Katas Haliza
Published: October 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much attention as one of the most effective agents with high catalytic activities for radical scavenging reactions. Many studies have investigated its antioxidant activity using various in vitro methods and have shown promising scavenging action. In this research, we demonstrated the synthesis of Au nanofilms (AuNFs) by cyclic voltammetry technique and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The application of a range of voltage levels was utilized in the synthesis of AuNFs, and their antioxidant potential was subsequently assessed through in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. All AuNFs exhibited antioxidant activity which increased as the upper potential was reduced from 1,5 V to 0,75 V. The antioxidant activity of AuNFs was shown to increase gradually with longer incubation times before the DPPH assay, indicating a significant impact on their performance. The obtained inhibition percentage was ranging from 8,26% to 22,91%. The highest antioxidant activity could be achieved by synthesizing AuNFs using 0,75V of upper potential and incubating it for 90 minutes prior to DPPH assay. The variations in the applied potential influenced the morphological characteristics of AuNFs, leading to increased surface area, while the duration of incubation was found to enhance the efficacy of the scavenging reaction between the AuNFs and DPPH. In conclusion, this cyclic voltammetry technique was shown to successfully synthesize AuNFs with significant antioxidant activity.
Modification of Chitosan Isolation Method from Pearl Oyster Shell (Pinctada maxima sp) as A Source of Natural Polymer
Authors: Kurniawidi D W , Alawiyah G , Rahayu S , Masruroh  , Wirawan R , Destrianingtyas A S , Septiani N , Ardianto T , Illahi R R
Published: October 2024

Chitosan is natural polymer with abundant availability and unique characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various isolation methods on chitosan properties. Chitosan was obtained by isolation method using oyster pearl shell (Pinctada maxima sp.). The parameters of the deacetylation process are the comparison of heating method with microwave method and the comparison of microwave power. Chitosan was characterized for degree of deacetylation (DD) and functional groups by FTIR, and viscosity by Brookfield viscometer. The microwave method was faster than the heating method. Then, the larger mass of shell and %NaOH produced a higher DD of 89.75%. However, the use of 60g mass and 60% NaOH resulted in an already high DD of 81.96%. Furthermore, variation microwave power showed the highest DD at high power. FTIR spectrum analysis showed the appearance of chitosan functional groups, OH and NH2 groups. The viscosity value decreased as the microwave power increased. Based on this study, different isolation methods affect the quality of chitosan. However, it’s necessary to conduct more detailed research related to changes in chemical structure. Therefore, oyster shells can produce chitosan as a source of natural polymers with different characteristics.
Review on Nickel Nitride Composite Coatings
Authors: Budi E. , Rahman MNA
Published: October 2024

Nickel based composite coating has been widely used in many field applications such as wear and corrosion resistance since it is possible to improve its properties by depositing a variety reinforcement and process parameters. In this work, a variety of reinforced nitride particles such as TiN, AlN and Si were used to enhance the microstructure, mechanical and oxidation properties of nickel nitride composite coating in improving the coating density and surface morphology. The electrodeposition method was used to develop the composite coating with variety process parameters including temperature and current density. The coating stress was calculated from crystal structure data to investigate its involvement in the mechanical properties of coatings. The high temperature oxidation behavior of nickel nitride composite coatings was studied by heating process. The review highlights the reinforced nitride particles and process parameters improve the hardness and wear resistance of nickel based composite coating, however, the improvement also involves the coating stress. From study result of high temperature oxidation process, it obtained that the aluminum oxide remains within the coating indicating its role play in protecting substrate from corrosion. Experimental study on surface modification and microstructure of nickel based composite coating are highly expected and meet a great challenge for different applications with superior mechanical and tribological properties.
Implementation of Active Noise Canceling for Noise Reduction using Embedded System
Authors: Putri C C , Hermawanto D , Prasasti N R , Dwisetyo B , Utomo F B
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the utilization of active noise canceling (ANC) technology using an embedded system for a sound insulation box. The ANC system for the insulation box is designed to replace conventional heavyweight passive sound absorber systems. A feedback filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm is utilized to create the opposing-noise signal to counteract the incoming noise entering the box, so that reducing the noise level inside the box. In our previous work, we delved into a similar topic of using ANC for a sound insulation box, but the prior system had limited performance due to its inability to operate in real time. In this study, the FxLMS algorithm is implemented on an ARM Cortex-based microcontroller development board. A feedback structure is utilized, with an error microphone positioned in the middle of the box The ANC system’s capability was evaluated for pure tone noise in the frequency range of 63 Hz to 630 Hz. The experimental findings indicate that the ANC system has the capability to cut back the noise level up to 4 dB for some frequencies.
Changing magnetic ground state by an electric field in a single-layer FeCl2
Authors: Prayitno T B
Published: October 2024

Employing the electric field has been performed to investigate the magnetic ground state in a single-layer iron dichloride (FeCl2). We provided some lattice parameters to see the ground state dependency on the electric field. To minimize the computational time, we applied the generalized Bloch theorem via density functional theory to avoid the supercell approach. As we varied the electric field, we saw the magnetic transition for some lattice parameters. In addition, the magnetic moments were nearly stable for all those states, indicating the high spin state. As a concluding remark, employing the electric field is very useful to manipulate the ground state that can be applied to magnetism-based nanotechnology.
Automated waste detection system for river surveillance in Jakarta using background substraction method
Authors: Solichin A , Salman A A , Painem
Published: October 2024

In Jakarta, the issue of river pollution due to indiscriminate waste disposal poses serious environmental and safety concerns, often leading to flooding during the rainy season. Manual surveillance by human resources has proven ineffective in addressing the escalating scale of the problem. This study presents an automated waste detection system for river surveillance in Jakarta, especially inorganic waste, utilizing video processing techniques, specifically background subtraction and frame differencing. We collected and analyzed video data from 13 rivers, including the Ciliwung, Angke, and Pesanggrahan rivers, during October and November 2023. The system’s performance was evaluated based on its accuracy in detecting waste objects, with detection rates varying significantly across different rivers. High detection accuracies were achieved in the Cipinang (93%) and Malang (90%) rivers, while lower accuracies were noted in rivers like Grogol (25%) and Cakung (17%). The overall average detection rate was 60%. These results highlight the system’s strengths in cleaner, less dynamic environments and its challenges in more complex conditions. Future research should focus on enhancing algorithm robustness, incorporating adaptive thresholding, and integrating multi-sensor data to improve detection accuracy.
Study on Characteristics of Epoxy Resin-Based Plastic Scintillators for Detectors with Simulation Using Monte Carlo Code
Authors: Kasmudin K , Rezon K
Published: October 2024

To determine the presence of radioactive materials emitting gamma rays entering or exiting nuclear facilities, ports, airports, international borders, or other strategic locations, radiation portal monitors (RPMs) capable of detecting such gamma radiation need to be installed in these places. National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) is currently developing RPMs with detector components made of plastic scintillator based on epoxy resin and augmented with aromatic fluorescent materials to produce visible light, which is the working range of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). This research aims to study the characteristics of the gamma photon radiation energy spectrum from Co-60, Cs-137, and Ir-192 sources in an epoxy resin plastic scintillator and study the absorbed dose of the scintillator to gamma photon radiation energy from Co-60, Cs-137, and Ir-192 sources as a function of source distance and incidence angle of gamma rays with simulations using the MCNPX code. The scintillator is modeled in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 5 cm. To simulate the gamma photon radiation energy spectrum in the scintillator, the F4 tally was used and to simulate the scintillator absorbed dose, the F6 tally was used. This simulation used gamma sources of Co-60, Cs-137, and Ir-192 of 1 mCi each. These characteristics of the epoxy resin plastic scintillator have been successfully simulated. Data on the characteristics of epoxy resin plastic scintillators is important to know and study as supporting data in making plastic detectors as part of the manufacture and development of RPM.
Atomic defects (vacancy, substitutional, and Stone-Wales) in monolayer aluminum nitride: a density-functional-theory simulation
Authors: Fadlliyana M , Oktavina C W , Fajariah N , Nugraheni A D , Sholihun
Published: October 2024

Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a mechanically strong material with a high melting point and excellent thermal conductivity. In this study, the AlN is modeled with defects in vacancies, substitutions, and Stone-Wales using a density functional theory (DFT). We model six configurations, two configurations of monovacancies: aluminum vacancy (VAl) and vacancy nitrogen (VN), two configurations of substitutions: aluminum substitution (SN→Al) and nitrogen substitution (SAl→N), the interchange (IAl↔N), and Stone-Wales (S–W). We find structural changes in each defect with outward relaxation and VN with inward relaxation. the band structure calculations show that the geometric structure introduces new states near the Fermi level except for the VAl system.
Design of a Portable Spectrophotometer Based on Raspberry Pi for Tea Type Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Suhendar Haris , Silambi Michael Setiyanto , Pratama Muhammad Ridho
Published: October 2024

The use of spectrophotometers in food and beverage quality analysis has become common. However, portability and high cost have long been a problem for food industry players and small-scale laboratories. In this study, a more compact and low-cost spectrophotometer has been developed using raspberry pi. To validate its performance, the prototype was used to classify green tea, black tea, and oolong tea types. The research started with designing and assembling the hardware using a raspberry pi camera with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) as diffraction grating, white LED as light source and 3D printer as casing. The prototype was then used to acquire data from green tea, black tea and oolong tea solutions. In the tea type identification process, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the data obtained. The experiment involved 30 solution samples of each of the three types of tea. The light source was directed past the sample towards the slit and DVD, then the spectrum image of the light source was displayed through a user interface built using python programming. This research resulted in a spectrophotometer with dimensions of 260 mm x 120 mm x 63 mm that is capable of capturing light spectra in the range of 400 - 700 nm. Based on the experimental results, the classification accuracy of the three types of tea using CNN and Decision Tree reached 100%.
Development Of Smart Band For Vital Signs Monitoring System Based On Internet Of Things
Authors: Umiatin U , Laut T N , Ifa R P N , Faisal M R
Published: October 2024

Vital signs are important health parameters because they indicate the physiological functions of the human body. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiration rate are vital signs used to determine whether a person is healthy or not. HR is the rate at which the heart pumps blood and is measured by the number of heart beat per minute (beats per minute / BPM). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) indicates the level of hemoglobin in the blood that can bind to oxygen. This study aims to develop a smart band prototype for monitoring heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation using optical spectroscopy methods and the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). This smart band prototype uses the MAX30102 sensor, ESP32, push button, Blynk, and Arduino IDE AVR software. The research results show that the prototype’s accuracy for HR measurement is ±98.5%, and the accuracy for SpO2 is ±99.3%. The measurement results can be sent and displayed in the Blynk application as well as to email. It can be concluded that this smart band can detect HR and SpO2 in real-time and has the potential to improve the quality of healthcare services.
Analysis of Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Janus Materials Based on Molybdenum
Authors: Kurniawati L , Muntini MS
Published: October 2024

Thermoelectric devices, which directly convert heat into electrical energy, hold great potential for efficient energy transformation. With the abundant availability of heat energy, global research has increasingly focused on developing thermoelectric materials that enhance conversion efficiency. The performance of these materials is often evaluated using the Figure-of-Merit (ZT), a measure influenced by variables such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. High-performing materials typically exhibit a strong Power Factor (PF) and a high ZT value. This study investigates the thermoelectric properties of Janus materials based on molybdenum, utilizing a computational approach. We employed density functional theory (DFT) to solve Schrödinger’s equations and Boltzmann transport theory through Quantum ESPRESSO and BoltzTraP2 software platforms. The results demonstrate that the studied Janus compounds possess stable structures. The electronic properties indicate direct band gaps of 1.58 eV for MoSSe (a Janus structure combining molybdenum, sulfur, and selenium), 1.04 eV for MoSTe (a combination of molybdenum, sulfur, and tellurium), and 1.3 eV for MoSeTe (a combination of molybdenum, selenium, and tellurium). Indirect band gaps were found to be 0.23 eV for MoTeO, 0.8 eV for MoSeO, and 1.12 eV for MoSO. Among the materials studied, MoSSe exhibited the highest thermoelectric properties, with a power factor of 0.003 W/mK2 for p-type and 0.0031 W/mK2 for n-type. These findings suggest that Janus MoSSe is a promising candidate for the development of 2D thermoelectric devices, potentially advancing thermoelectric technology.
Mesh-Free Solution of 2D Poisson Equation with High Frequency Charge Patterns Using Data-Free Physics Informed Neural Network
Authors: Suhendar Haris , Pratama Muhammad Ridho , Silambi Michael Setyanto
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a data-free physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approach for solving two-dimensional (2D) Poisson equation, which is pivotal in fields such as electromagnetics, mechanical engginering, and thermodynamics. Traditional numerical method for solving this equation often require structured mesh generation such as Finite Element Method (FEM), which can be computationally expensive when dealing with high resolution Poisson Equation Solution. To address this challenge, we leverage the capabilities of PINNs capturing pattern of complex system by incorporating physical law and boundary condition as part of loss function on training model. While PINNs provide a robust framework for solving differential equations within boundary condition, they have struggle with capturing high-frequency pattern due to smooth nature of typical activation function used in neural networks. To evercome this issue, we enhance our model by incorporating Fourier Features Networks, which map inputs through a series of sinusoidal functions before feeding the input into the neural network. The result show that Fourier feature network can enhance convergence of training of PINNs model faster and obtained better result than PINNs without Fourier feature networks.