bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children Development Issues like Social Adjustment and Regulations of Working and Housewives Mothers
Authors: Akhtar Shamim , Nawaz Muhammad Hameed , Altaf Saman
Published: November 2021

The main dimension of the study was to highlight the child development issues like social adjustment and regulations of working and housewives mothers. The study was quantitative in nature, and a causal-comparative design was followed. The research study was delimited to the Punjab province of Pakistan. All the boys and girls colleges were the population of the study. Self-regulation and social adjustment scales like the Adjustment Inventory for College Students was used for the data collection. The reliability of this scale was assured at 0.84. Data were analyzed with the assistance of SPSS version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that the children development issues like social adjustment and self-regulation are better upgraded and solved in the working women as compared to housewives women. The counselling and guidance workshops may be planned for a better understanding of social adjustment and regulations.
Effect of Activity Based Teaching on Public Sector College Students' Academic Achievement in the Subject of English
Authors: Khan Sadia , Saeed Muhammad
Published: November 2021

The study was aimed to find out the effect of activity-based teaching on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. It carried a quasi-experimental Pre-test Post-test design. A public sector girls' college of district Lahore was selected as a cluster. Two intact groups were selected randomly. The experimental group was taught with the help of self-designed activities, and the control group was taught the same subject through the lecture method. Data was collected through an achievement test of English. Data were collected on a pre-test and post-test basis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test. The effect size was calculated through Cohen's d value of significance. It revealed that instructional activities had a significant effect on students' academic achievement in the subject of English at grade XII. English teachers are recommended to teach the subject of English with the help of activities to improve students' academic achievement.
KONSTANTIN SHIMKEVICH AS A PUSHKINIST
Authors:   University of Tartu, Otyakovskĳ Valerĳ
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes works about Pushkin by K. Shimkevich, a literary historian from Leningrad, whose academic career took shape in the 1910s—1920s. In addition to several printed articles, he also wrote, but did not publish, a note about V. Teplyakov and two articles about Pushkin, which are complexly analyzed in this publication.
Aktive Biodiversitäts-Fördermassnahmen im Schweizer Wald
Authors: Stadler Bruno , de Sassi Claudio
Published: November 2021

Nachdem in den letzten Jahrhunderten und bis Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts die Biodiversität im Schweizer Wald infolge von Übernutzung stark unter Druck geraten war, gewann der Naturschutz im Wald in den letzten Jahrzehnten an Bedeutung. Im nationalen Waldgesetz wurde 1991 festgeschrieben, dass der Wald als naturnaher Lebensraum zu schützen ist. Heute darf festgestellt werden, dass sich die ökologische Lage – mit regionalen Unterschieden – verbessert hat. Defizite bestehen aber weiterhin. Um diese aktiv anzugehen, entrichtet der Bund im Verbund mit den Kantonen leistungsorientierte Finanzhilfen, die den Waldeigentümerinnen und -eigentümern die Durchführung von Fördermassnahmen für die Biodiversität ermöglichen. Die in der Vollzugshilfe Waldbiodiversität gesetzten Ziele sind aber noch nicht erreicht: Während bei den Waldreservaten eine Zielerreichung bis 2030 möglich ist, braucht es bei den aktiven Fördermassnahmen vermehrte Anstrengungen, vor allem im Bereich der Waldränder, der feuchten Wälder, der national prioritären Lebensräume und der kulturhistorischen Wälder. Die Wirkungsanalyse muss ausgebaut werden. Zur Etablierung der ökologischen Infrastruktur braucht es eine Schärfung der Instrumente und Ziele. Um den negativen Auswirkungen von Immissionen und Klimawandel entgegenzuwirken, muss die Resilienz des Waldes gefördert werden. Die Stärkung der Biodiversität auf allen Ebenen (Gene, Arten und Habitate) leistet dazu einen wesentlichen Beitrag. Die Zusammenarbeit von Bund, Kantonen und Waldbesitzenden hat sich bewährt. Sie muss im Hinblick auf die äusseren Einflüsse auf den Wald und die steigenden Erwartungen der Gesellschaft an die Waldökosystemleistungen weiterentwickelt werden.
Yliopistouudistus : Tavoitteet, toteutus ja tulokset
Authors: Wilhelmsson Thomas
Published: November 2021

"Uudenvuodenpäivänä vuonna 2010 astui voimaan kiistelty yliopistouudistus, jonka tarkoitus oli lisätä yliopistojen autonomiaa. Uudistuksesta taitettiin peistä valtamedioissa asti, ja Helsingin yliopistossa uudistuksen vastustajat olivat vallanneet hallintorakennuksen. Mistä tässä kaikessa oli kysymys? Yliopistouudistus-teoksessa oman näkemyksensä uudistustyön etenemiseen ja taustoihin tuo Helsingin yliopiston entinen kansleri ja tuolloin rehtorina toiminut Thomas Wilhelmsson. Hän kertoo ajatuksista, keskusteluista ja tapahtumaketjuista, jotka vaikuttivat prosessin taustalla mutta jotka eivät käy ilmi virallisista asiakirjoista. Wilhelmsson avaa uudistuksen syitä ja tarvetta sääntelyn purkamiselle, kansainvälistymiselle sekä strategiselle johtamiselle mutta ei välttele tehtyjä virheitä. Uudistuksen kohtaaman kritiikin lisäksi ongelmia aiheuttivat kamppailut apteekkiprivilegiosta ja kiinteistöjen hallinnasta. Kymmenen vuoden jälkeen onkin aika kysyä: mitä uudistuksesta on seurannut?"
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Pemberian Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Individu dengan Loyalitas Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Aminah Siti , Chadhiq Umar
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan pemberian kompensasi terhadap kinerja individu dengan loyalitas sebagai variabel intervening. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai PT PLN (Unit Induk Distribusi Jateng dan DIY), sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dan data yang diolah menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Squares Struktural Equation Modeling (SPLS-SEM) dengan bantuan bantuan program SmartPLS serta tingkat signifikasi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kepuasan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas koefisien jalur 0,4 p-value 0,000 < 0,05 (2) Pemberian kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas koefisien jalur 0,241 p-value 0,023 < 0,05, (3) Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja individu koefisien jalur 0,011 p-value 0,913 > 0,05 (4) Pemberian kompensasi bepengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja individu koefisien jalur 0,031 p-value 0,697 >0,05 (5) Loyalitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja individu koefisien jalur 0,781 p-value 0,000
Protective Effect of Catechin Hydrate on Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran., Hajizadeh Naser , Farjah Gholam Hossein ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran., Karimipour Mojtaba ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran., Pourheidar Bagher ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Published: November 2021

Background: Aortic artery stenosis leads to Ischemia-Reperfusion (I-R) injury, which can cause certain clinical expressions, such as paraplegia. Objectives: To appraise the effect of Catechin Hydrate (CH) against spinal cord I-R injury. Materials & Methods: A total of 35 male rats (250-300 g) were divided randomly into five groups: intact, sham surgery, dimethyl sulfoxide (I-R+DMSO), low-dose CH (I-R+10 mg/kg CH), and high-dose CH (I-R+20 mg/kg CH). Abdominal aorta clamping was done for 60 min. Seventy-two hours after I-R, animals were evaluated for neurologic function, biochemical analysis, and histology. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS v. 16 using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean Motor Deficit Index (MDI) score and white matter damage in the CH (20 mg/kg) group were lower than in the DMSO group (P=0.032). The mean plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the CH groups were lower than that of the DMSO group (P<0.05). The plasma level of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the CH (20 mg/kg) group was higher than in the DMSO group (P=0.032). In addition, the plasma level of catalase in the CH (20 mg/kg) group was higher than in the DMSO and CH (10 mg/kg) groups (P<0.001). The average number of normal motor neurons in the experimental groups was lower than in the sham surgery group (P<0.001).
Psychometric Properties of the Obsessive-compulsive Inventory: The Persian Child Version; a Preliminary Study
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences, Addiction Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Isanazar Adele , Fallahi-Khesht Masjedi Mahnaz ,   Vice-Chancellor of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Soleimani Robabeh ,   Department of Psychiatry, Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences, Addiction Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi Fatemeh ,   Department of Psychiatry, Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences, Addiction Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Kousha Maryam ,   Department of Psychiatry, Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences, Addiction Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: November 2021

Background: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) is an approved self-report assessment tool that includes various domains of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Objectives: This study was done to evaluate the psychometric properties of the OCI-CV in a sample of youth with OCD. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The subjects were 107 children and adolescents, 7 to 17 years old admitted to the Shafa hospital and Gill psychiatric center in the north of Iran in 2017-2018. The subjects with the diagnosis of OCD based on a diagnostic interview by a youth psychiatrist based on the DSM-5 were included in the study. They were assessed by the OCI-CV, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and children depression inventory (CDI). Data were analyzed by SPSS v. 22, using Cronbach alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Youth with the Mean±SD age 11.18±3.1 years participated in the study. Results showed that 51% of the samples were girls. The internal consistency assessed by the Cronbach alpha for the total scale was 0.75, indicating good reliability. The Pearson correlation coefficient between OCI-CV and RCMAS was 0.584 (P=0.01), and between OCI-CV and CDI was 0.232 (P=0.05), showing an excellent concurrent validity. Construct validity showed that all subscales had a high correlation with the total score of the questionnaire and the correlation coefficient was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Persian version of the OCI-CV has good psychometric characteristics in the clinical sample of youth with OCD.
Proposta de implementação da estratégia estruturada de marketing de serviços para a maior captação de clientes: Estudo de caso na empresa SNJ serviços
Authors: Alvarenga Daniela dos Reis , Silva Andreza Beatriz Paiva e , Passos Thais Lima , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Almeida Victor da Silva
Published: November 2021

Em meio as mudanças mercadológicas, é fundamental que as empresas prestadoras de serviços compreendam a necessidade de investir nas estratégias de Marketing de serviços, que propõe entender a exigência do cliente, com a finalidade de atrair e garantir a sua maior satisfação. O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar e discutir a questão norteadora: como a implementação da estratégia estruturada de Marketing de serviços pode contribuir com a maior captação de novos clientes e manter os atuais? Assim, o objetivo geral foi apresentar uma proposta de implementação estratégica de marketing de serviços na empresa SNJ – Serviços Auxiliares do transporte Aéreo Ltda, para a captação e fidelização de clientes. A metodologia adotada na pesquisa foi a qualitativa- quantitativa; explicativa e aplicada; bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A fim de encontrar resultados contundentes, fez-se o uso da ferramenta 5W2H para responder o quadro de ações interventivas, que contribuíram para o direcionamento do estudo, visando resolver os problemas encontrados e propor soluções que deverão satisfazer as necessidades da organização. Com isso, o resultado que se faz necessário encontrar com todas as mudanças sugeridas, é a divulgação do serviço com maior precisão e clareza, para assim, alcançar o público-alvo, captando e fidelizando os clientes em potencial.
Dificuldades de aprendizagem e seus desafios
Authors: Lauschner Lorenice Schwertz Franz
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo, busca averiguar quais são as dificuldades de aprendizagem e seus desafios para o professor nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na Escola Municipal de Educação Básica José Theobaldo Utzig e Escola Municipal Ensino Fundamental Maria Terezinha, do município de Pinhalzinho-SC. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com os professores do primeiro ao quinto ano das escolas investigadas. Após entrevistas, foi constatado que as maiores dificuldades de aprendizagem são referentes a leitura e escrita, falta de atenção das crianças, e dificuldades em matemática. Os maiores desafios relatados pelos professores são: a falta de informação sobre as dificuldades de aprendizagem e falta de apoio pedagógico e orientação para realização de encaminhamentos à profissionais especializados. Ao final, concluímos que é necessário ao professor, receber apoio pedagógico e orientação para compreender as causas, consequências e as formas mais adequadas para minimizar as dificuldades de aprendizagem, de forma que este esteja sempre atualizado e informado sobre o assunto. Portanto, o professor tem o desafio de repensar as práticas pedagógicas, ter uma atenção especial quanto às habilidades de noção lógica matemática, linguagem oral e escrita, explorar a psicomotricidade desde a primeira infância com a criança, pensando sempre em um caráter preventivo as futuras dificuldades de aprendizagem. E assim, favorecer a inclusão, acolhimento e construção de conhecimento, fazendo com que a escola seja um espaço de novas possibilidades, oportunidades para a vida.
Surgical Prevention of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Delayed Distal Lymphaticovenicular Anastomosis– An Alternative to the Classic LYMPHA Technique
Authors: Orfahli Lynn M , CT Huang Tony , F Chen Wei
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a devastating potential complication of axillary lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy. Several effective surgical treatment measures now exist, including lymphaticovenicular anastomosis (LVA), vascularized lymph node transplant (VLNT), and vascularized lymph vessel transplant (VLVT) for fluid-predominant disease, and liposuction and radical excision for solid-predominant disease. Super-microsurgical LVA is of particular interest, owing to its minimally invasive nature and highly favorable outcomes in the hands of experienced supermicrosurgeons. As LVA techniques are refined and improved, interest is rising in utilizing it to prevent the manifestation of disease in the first place. Lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach (LYMPHA), also known as immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR), is the most widely used approach. It involves performing axillary LVA immediately following axillary lymphadenectomy. While preliminary results are favorable, the high-pressure proximal axillary venous branches used in ILR and the site’s vulnerability to damage from radiotherapy endanger the long-term patency of these anastomoses. Moreover, a theoretical oncologic concern exists regarding creating a direct conduit for the remaining malignant cells in the axilla into the circulation. Finally, coordinating ILR with axillary lymphadenectomy creates significant logistical challenges. Delayed, distally-based LVA (DD-LVA) has emerged as an alternative method that avoids these issues. This article presents an overview of the development of preemptive lymphatic reconstruction, and the senior author’s approach to the novel technique of DD-LVA.
Assessing Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Study in Turkey
Authors: Karagöz Eren Saliha , Arslan Alaettin , Akay Ebru , Özhan Nail , Dönder Yunus
Published: November 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as tumors without estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. This cancer is associated with higher rates of recurrence risk when compared to other subtypes of breast cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the basic clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and recurrence patterns of TNBC patients.
Methods: In the current study, forty-five TNBC female patients operated on for breast cancer in the General Surgery Clinic of Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital between 2016 and 2021 were included and retrospectively evaluated.
Results: The percentage of TNBC was 12% of the 502 breast cancer patients who could access all three pieces of receptor information. The mean age of the patients was 58.9±15.2 years (27-90), and the mean BMI was 30.4±5.17 (21.5-40.6). It was observed that the most common histological subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma, and at the time of diagnosis, 11 patients were stage 1 (24.4%), 31 patients were stage 2 (68.8%), 2 patients were stage 3 (4.4%), and 1 patient was stage 4 (2.2%). During the follow-up period, 11 patients (24,4%) developed metastasis and the most common sites were the brain and bones. The mean time from diagnosis to metastasis was 20.7±5.75 (12-29) months.  The 3-year disease-free survival was 62%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 70%. 
Conclusion: TNBCs are cancers with varying prevalence, poor prognosis, and limited treatment alternatives. The prevalence of TNBC in our center was found to be lower than the literature rates and consistent with the literature, the lymph node stage was related to poor OS and disease free survival (DFS).
Compliance Bargaining Mechanism as The Way to Ended Iran-Iraq War 1988
Authors: Hasymi Aditya Maulana
Published: November 2021

Abstrak

Isu-isu terkait budaya, ekonomi, dan nilai seringkali menghasilkan konflik. Tak terkecuali dengan isu perebutan wilayah. Salahsatu perang terbesar yang terkait dengan isu sengketa wilayah adalah perang Iran-Irak 1988. Perang Iran-Irak 1988 membawa sejarah besar dari kedua negara yang saling berhubungan dengan isu perebutan wilayah, perebutan pengaruh ideologi, dan isu ekonomi. Perang yang berlangsung cukup lama ini membuat Iran dan Irak menyadari akan kerugian jangka panjang yang dialami. Pada akhirnya, kedua negara sepakat untuk berdamai dalam sebuah proses yang melibatkan pihak ketiga. Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengambil peran sebagai pihak ketiga yang membantu penyelesaian perang antara Iran dan Irak. Resolusi no.598 yang disusun oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengarisbawahi akan pentingnya gencatan senjata dengan banyaknya kerugian dan korban jiwa yang muncul. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa upaya Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menyusun resolusi no.598 dalam menyelesaikan perang Iran-Irak adalah penerapan dari mekanisme compliance bargaining pada proses resolusi konflik.

Kata kunci: compliance bargaining, resolusi konflik, rezim, gencatan senjata

 

Abstract

Conflictual issues can be about economy, culture and values, or even a border dispute. The class cannot be avoided because of several issues triggering the conflict and also several interests. One of the bigger wars that can be was the Iran-Iraq War at 1980-1988. This war brought the long history between both of those countries, which were related with border disputes, ideological influences, and economic war. Those of both countries is thinking that if the war is still being run, it is not giving any good advantage. The damage was so big. So, it required a process to bring the two states involved war into one meeting to talk about peace or end the war. The process is called a peace process. In this case, the peace process arranged by the involvement of third party. The United Nations take a role as the third party in Iran-Iraq War by formed a Resolution no 598. In the resolution the council expressed its concern that, despite its calls for ceasefire, the conflict between Iran and Iraq continued with heavy loss of life and material destruction. The Iran-Iraq war was ended through the resolution no 598 that was produced by the United Nations. Furthermore, this paper argue that the way of the United Nations ended the Iran-Iraq war through Resolution no 598 is implementing the theory of compliance bargaining in conflict resolution.

Keywords: compliance bargaining, conflict resolution, regime, ceasefire
DETERMINANT FACTORS OF INDONESIAN MILLENNIALS’ REVISIT INTENTION: A CASE OF LABUAN BAJO
Authors: Komalasari Farida , Ganiarto Eko
Published: November 2021

In an effort to increase the number of foreign tourists to Indonesia, the government has set Labuan Bajo as one of the four priority tourist destinations, in addition to Lake Toba, Borobudur and Mandalika. Of the four priority areas, Labuan Bajo is the region with the least number of tourist visits, even though Labuan Bajo has its own uniqueness with its Komodo (giant lizard). Therefore a study of the determinants of revisit to Labuan Bajo, especially for millennial groups, is needed. The main purpose of this study is to determine the determinants factors of the revisit intention of the Indonesian millenials to Labuan Bajo. This research is a quantitative study by interviewing 155 respondents of millennial visitors to Labuan Bajo, who were selected by snowball sampling. The research data was processed and analyzed using the SEM (Stuctural Equation Model) model. The results of the study show that new experiences, new knowledge (push factors), historical values, local values and travelling values (pull factors) influence the destination satisfaction. Furthermore, the destination satisfaction affected the revisit intention to Labuan Bajo.
Keywords: push factors, pull factors, tourist satisfaction, revisit intention, Labuan Bajo
THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE IN INDONESIA TOWARDS BUSINESS STUDENTS’ INTENTION TO BE AN ENTREPRENEUR
Authors: Adhikusuma Agus Deva , Genoveva Genoveva
Published: November 2021

Human capital in Indonesia is still lack of entrepreneur which is only 3.31% became an entrepreneur in 2018, this is still lower from World Bank standard that a country should have more than 4% entrepreneur from the total population within a country. This study aims to find out the influence between education, family background, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control towards entrepreneurial intention to faculty of business students in the Jabodetabek area. The primary data in this study was gathered by distributing 186 survey questionnaires for faculty of business students in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) areas. This research used survey method through questionnaires, such as assumption analysis and multiple regression. The result showed Subjective Norm has no significant influence on entrepreneurial intention. Education, Family Background, and Perceived Behavioral Control have significant influences toward Entrepreneurial Intention. This research also found that all independent variables simultaneously influence on Entrepreneurial Intention. Adjusted R square is 0.460, it means that 46% changes independent variable (Entrepreneurial Intention) is influenced by independent variables such as education, family background, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. This is recommended for business students in Indonesia especially the Jabodetabek area should more confidence with their capabilities and have a positive mindset to become entrepreneurs.
Kontribusi PAD, Dana Perimbangan, Belanja Daerah terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Fatimah Ari Nurul , Priyono Nuwun
Published: November 2021

The system of change from centralized to decentralized puts new hope for the majority of the Indonesian people. With decentralized government management or delegating authority to local governments, government management authority will be distributed from the center to the regions. The aim of this study is to examine and prove whether the income received by the government and the balance and regional expenditure funds have an effect on the welfare of the community in regencies / cities in Central Java Province. The study uses a data panel because it will examine several objects from several specific time periods (2016-2018). The data used is the entire population of districts and cities in Central Java, namely 29 districts and 6 cities. The APBD realization report data is taken from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance and from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. The hypothesis will be tested using a panel data multiple regression analysis model. The results of this study, namely PAD, DAU, and the ratio of GDP to expenditure have a positive and significant impact on the welfare of the community.
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Peringkat Obligasi
Authors: Nurmala Putri , Adiwibowo Akhmad Sigit
Published: November 2021

Bond ratings are a scale of risk of all bonds traded, which indicates how safe a bond is. The security of a bond is indicated by its ability to pay interest and repay the loan principal. The purpose of this study is to find out empirical evidence that good corporate governance has an effect on bond ratings. This study uses secondary data. The population in this study are non-financial companies listed on the IDX in 2014-2018. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling method. After subtraction with several criteria, as many as 20 companies were set as the sample. The analysis technique in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that institutional ownership and audit committee have a significant effect on bond ratings. Meanwhile, the independent board of commissioners has no significant effect on bond ratings
PERHITUNGAN SISTEM HIDROLIK UNTUK PENGGERAK PISAU PADA MESIN PENGHAPUS MARKA JALAN
Authors: Sutisna Nanang Ali , Munajad Muhammad
Published: November 2021

One of very important and vital tool in road marking is road mark erasing machines. In general, the machine used to repair road markings is a road marking erasing machine that is pushed manually. However, this machine has a disadvantage that requires a long time in the process of erasing the road marking, so making it less efficient. Therefore, the truck road mark erasing machine is one of the options to replace the erasing machine that is pushed manually. The machine uses a grinding system with a vertical blade eraser position and hydraulic power to drive the blades as it is able to withstand shock loads and thrust upwards due to the removal process, having overload protection, and the size of components are not large. The study started with doing observation to the existing manual erasing machine, then determining the required blades and calculating as well as selecting the required components of the hydraulic system.  Based on the calculation, the blade specification was obtained and selected, i.e surface milling cutter of type WFX12200R from Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corporation having rotation speed 750 rpm, hydraulic motor from Danfoss of type OMR-80 having torque 136 Nm dan displacement 80.3 cc/rev., and using hydraulic pump from Parker of type 0210 having displacement 21 cc/rev. From the test result in the field, this machine is three times faster than the manually pushed machine, less number of the blade used, and the engine as a resource on the machine is more durable.
Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Akibat Penjualan Pupuk Bersubsidi Palsu
Authors: Pujawati Unayah , Kurniati Grasia
Published: November 2021

The limited availability of subsidized fertilizers sold at official kiosk outlets makes it difficult for some farmers to get them. Not a few farmers who decide to buy subsidized fertilizer in other places whose authenticity is not guaranteed. As a result there are some farmers who are deceived by sellers of fake subsidized fertilizers. Therefore, a legal provision was made to protect the rights of farmers as consumers, and to deter sellers of fake subsidized fertilizers from taking action. Business actors must also be responsible for the consequences of losses suffered by consumers. This study aims to determine the factors causing the sale of counterfeit fertilizers and how the mechanism for resolving consumer disputes due to the sale of counterfeit fertilizers is based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. the research method used is normative juridical. The results of the study found that the factors that caused the sale of fake subsidized fertilizers were the lack of caution of consumers in purchasing subsidized fertilizers, the absence of responsibility for business actors, and the ease of obtaining raw materials for making fake fertilizers. Settlement of consumer disputes as legal protection for farmers can be reached through three stages, namely conciliation, mediation, and arbitration.
Analytical approach to determination of surface strengthening of chevron gears
Authors: Kamchatna-Stepanova Kateryna
Published: November 2021

The construction of an information model of the processes of gear processing of hardened large-modular chevron gears is one of the stages of control of the technological structure and parameters of the automation of the design of the technological process. Taking into account the principles of information classification, the automated gear processing process is considered as a control object, consisting of a number of technological objects: initial material (input of the control object); environment (process conditions); gear wheel (output of the control object, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the surface layer) The construction of an information model of the processes of gear processing of hardened large-modular chevron gears is one of the stages of control of the technological structure and parameters of the automation of the design of the technological process.
Overcoming the Challenges of Masturbation among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria through Sex Education and Educational Leadership
Authors: Igbokwe Innocent Joshua Chiawa
Published: November 2021

Masturbation is assuming an exponential increase in proportion among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.  The challenges of masturbation appear to be the most important and commonest sexual threat among students today. Sex education and educational leadership remain veritable interventionist approach to dealing with the challenges of masturbation among students. Unfortunately, sex education in this part of the world is uncoordinated or worse still, neglected while educational leadership seems to be a fantasy that ends in the classroom. This study examines the challenges of masturbation prevalent in tertiary institutions among students and thus, identifies the strategies of social intervention through sex education and educational leadership.
Comparison of Reinforcement Cartilage Graft and Temporalis Fascia Graft in Type 1 Tympanoplasty
Authors: Islam Md Mainul , Saha Kanu Lal , Talukder Harun Ar Rashid , Mahmud Md Khalid , Majumder Riashat Azim , Haque Md Hasanul , Naha Abirvab
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is the long-standing infection of a part or whole of middle ear cleft characterized by ear discharge and perforation. It is the commonest ear problem in adult and children. Most common presenting symptoms are ear discharge, mild to severe hearing loss, sometimes tinnitus even vertigo. Treatment of COM is mainly operative. Inactive mucosal variety of COM presents with the perforation in tympanic membrane with non-inflamed middle ear mucosa. The treatment of inactive mucosal variety of COM is Type 1tympanoplasty. It can be done by conventional temporalis fascia or cartilage graft. Both have some merits and demerits.
Objective: To compare the the outcomes between reinforcement cartilage graft and temporalis fascia graft in type -1 tympanoplasty.
Methods: 86 (43 patients in each group) patients with COM (inactive mucosal) who were admitted in the department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2018 to June 2019, and had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. History, examinations, investigations were done. All patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. Prior to surgery relevant investigations were done and informed written consent was taken from all patients. In Group-A reinforcement cartilage tympanoplasty cases and in Group-B temporalis fascia tympanoplasty cases were placed. Post-operative graft uptake rate and hearing gain were compared in two groups
Results: The surgical outcomes between reinforcement cartilage tympanoplasty in comparison with temporalis fascia tympanoplasty showed no significant difference of graft uptake rate and hearing gain.
Conclusion: Cartilage tympanoplasty has been practised for reconstruction of perforated tympanic membrane in COM since long with variable results. Graft uptake rate in cartilage reinforcement is comparatively better than temporalis fascia graft. So, reinforcement cartilage graft can be adopted as an alternative to temporalis fascia graft in type- I tympanoplasty.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 104-110
Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Preoperative Diagnosis of Parotid and Submandibular Gland Neoplasm
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Khan AF Mohiuddin , Fattah Shaikh Nurul , Lodh Dipankar , Islam Md Zahirul , Ghosh Uzzal Chandra
Published: November 2021

Background: The overall incidence of salivary gland neoplasm is 2.5-3.0 per 100000 per year. Salivary gland malignancies account for about 5% of head-neck malignancies. Though, it is uncommon but not rare in our country. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) has been widely used for many years as a method for assessing salivary gland lesion preoperatively. It is a simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of salivary gland neoplasm.
Objectives: To see the frequency of malignancy in parotid and submandibular salivary gland neoplasm and also to find out the role of FNAC in their preoperative diagnosis. Histopathological examination of the resected parotid and submandibular gland neoplasm was considered as gold standard to compare FNAC report of this study.
Methods: This was a cross – sectional study which was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January 2017 to June 2018. Purposive sampling method was used to collect data. Pre-tested structured data sheet was used to record information. After collection, data were edited by meticulous checking and re-checking. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 22.
Results: After histopathological confirmation of the resected specimen, most common benign parotid tumour was pleomorphic adenoma 76.7% followed by warthin’s tumour 16.7%. In benign submandibular gland neoplasm, pleomorphic adenoma was the commones 87.5% followed by haemangioma 12.5%. Commonest malignant tumour of submandibular gland was adenoid cystic carcinoma 50.0%. In our study sensitivity of FNAC was 75.0%, specificity 94.74% and overall accuracy was 90%. Positive predictive value and negative value were 81.82% and 92.31% respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that fine needle aspiration cytology is a safe, cheap and useful preoperative diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of malignancy in parotid and submandibular gland, but as fine needle aspiration cytology partly depends on operator skill, it may give false negative and false positive result.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 124-129
Outcome of Total Laryngectomy in Regional Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M Saiful , Kabir Md Shahjahan , Harun Md Abdullah Al , Razzak Md Abdur , Khanam Mohosana , Uddin AKM Shaif , Sobhan AKMA , Matin MA
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To analyze post operative complications, local recurrence, functional outcome of speech & swallowing and survival rate following total laryngectomy.
Methods: This prospective observational study was done in four major tertiary care medical college hospitals of Bangladesh from July 2000 to December 2019. All operations were done by a single surgeon, one of the authors of this study based on the personal experience. 45 patients were selected who underwent total laryngectomy for biopsy proven advanced (T3 and T4) laryngeal cancer as primary case & recurrent cases following radiotherapy. Patients were followed up monthly for three months and then six monthly for two years and yearly for rest of their life.
Results: Age of the patients ranged from 42 to 80 years with mean age 56.7 years. In postoperative period 03 (6.6%) patients developed wound infection, 03 (6.6%) stomal stenosis, 03 (6.6%) stomal recurrence, 02 (4.4%) seroma, 02 (4.4%) pharyngo-cutaneous fistula and 01 (2.2%) case developed pharyngeal stenosis. In post laryngectomy voice rehabilitation 33 (73.3%) cases used esophageal voice, 07 (15.5%) cases used electrolarynx and 05 (11.1%) cases used bloom singer valve. Out of oesophageal speech, 2 patients had poor speech, Regarding swallowing all patients had very good swallowing except one patient who got pharyngeal stenosis, needed dilation. 3 patients died in subsequent 2 years follow-up and overall survival was 93.3%.
Conclusion: Outcome of total laryngectomy depends on site and size of tumour, nodal metastases, recurrent cases and co-existing co-morbidities. Total laryngectomy with or without radiotherapy offers significantly higher local control and survival benefit with advanced laryngeal cancer, compared to radiotherapy only.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 139-144
Complicated Paediatric Bronchial Foreign Body: A Novel Extraction Technique
Authors: Idris Fathiyah , Murad Zaid Nailul , Gan Boon Chye , Noh Khairul Bariah , Yi Yeoh Xing , Ming Ong Fei , Peng Ng Siew , Zahirrudin Zakaria , See Goh Bee
Published: November 2021

A paediatric bronchoscopy procedure for foreign body inhalation is indeed a highly challenging procedure due to multiple risk factors such as lower physiological functional residual capacity and adverse pulmonary function effects by anaesthetic agents in addition to concurrent active lungs infection. Here we elucidate a novel technique of foreign body removal located at the distal airway in a paediatric patient and in a situation where a paediatric flexible bronchoscopy with built-in working channel is not available. A 1-year 7-months-old boy presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome following a one-week history of active respiratory infection. On examination, he was tachypnoeic with audible soft inspiratory stridor and intermittent barking cough despite being supplemented with 3 liters /minute oxygen mask. Chest x-ray showed right upper lobe collapse. He was referred to the otorhinolaryngology team after a suspicious history of foreign body aspiration obtained from his mother. Bedside flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed granulation tissue at the junction of laryngeal surface of epiglottis and anterior commissure. He underwent emergency direct laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy, bronchoscopy, excision of granulation tissue and removal of foreign body under general anaesthesia. Herein, some of complicated bronchoscopy demand critical thinking of alternative or modified techniques to achieve a successful and safe surgery.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 177-183
Nasolabial Flap and Simultaneous Cartilage Graft for Nasal Alar Reconstruction- A Case Report
Authors: Moniruzzamzn MM , Sarker Avijit , Harun Md Abdullah Al , Islam Iftekharul , Sabuj Mujahidul Islam
Published: November 2021

A case of full thickness defect involving left ala of nose reconstructed with nasolabial flap for the coverage of skin and mucosal lining, along with simultaneous insertion of septal cartilage, which completes the reconstruction.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 27(2): 184-187
Petrophysical Reservoir Characterization of Habiganj Gas Field, Surma Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Shreya Shamiha Shafinaz , Hossain Bhuiyan Md Anwar , Hossain Shakhawat , Sultana Tania
Published: November 2021

The previous studies on the petrophysical and volumetric analysis of Habiganj gas field were based on limited well data. As the accuracy of volumetric analysis relies greatly on petrophysical parameters, it is important to estimate them accurately. In this study we analyzed all eleven wells drilled in the Habiganj field to determine the petrophysical parameters. Analysis of the well logs revealed two distinct reservoir zones in this field termed as upper reservoir zone and lower reservoir zone. Stratigraphically, these two reservoir zones are in the Bokabil and Bhuban Formation of Surma Group. Petrophysical analysis shows significant differences between the two zones in terms of petrophysical parameters. Porosity in the upper reservoir zone ranges from 12% to 36%, with an average of 28%. This zone is highly permeable, as indicated by the average permeability of 500 mili Darcy (mD). The average water saturation in this zone is around 18% suggesting high gas saturation. The lower reservoir zone has an average porosity, permeability, and water saturation of 12%, 60mD, and 43%, respectively, indicating poor reservoir quality. An analysis of log motifs indicates that the upper reservoir zone is composed of stacked sands of blocky pattern. The sands in this interval are clean, as indicated by the lower shale volume of 12-15%. The average thickness of this zone is 230m, and the presence of this zone in all the drilled wells suggests high lateral continuity. The lower reservoir zone consists of sand bodies of serrated pattern. The sands have high shale volume and are laterally discontinuous. Overall, the upper reservoir zone has superior petrophysical properties to the lower reservoir zone. Although the reservoir quality of the lower reservoir zone is poorer than that of the upper zone, this zone can be considered as the secondary target for hydrocarbon production. Petrophysical parameters of this study were estimated from all the eleven wells drilled in this field; hence the values are more accurate. The reported values of the petrophysical parameters in this study are recommended to use to re-estimate the reserves in Habiganj field.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 10(1), 2021, P 1-10
Macrobenthic Faunal Abundance, Distribution and Diversity in the Bakkhali River, East Coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Mozammal , Muhammad Sharif Abu Sayed , Ahmed Md Kawser , Rani Seema , Rahman Molla Md Habibur , Khan Makidul Islam
Published: November 2021

The study aimed to assess the macrobenthos abundance and distribution from the Bakkhali River, East Coast of Bangladesh. Macrobenthic and water samples were collected from the upper, middle and lower part of the river during post-monsoon. Several indices were used to find macrobenthos abundance and distribution and their correlation with water parameters were also assessed. Present study identified a total of 628 macrobenthos individuals representing 10 major taxa at three stations where 9 taxa were reported in both upper and middle parts whereas only 7 taxa were observed at lower stream of the river. The highest abundance of macrobenthos (301.04 indivs/m2) was recorded at the lower stream and the lowest abundance (166.3 indivs/m2) was found at the upper part of the river. Macrobenthos distribution showed that the number of Oligochaetes was higher (220 indivs) followed by Nemertinas (169 indivs) and Polychaetes (145 indivs). Study findings reveal that macrobenthos abundance and distribution were comparatively higher at the lower stream than the upper and middle part because of higher level of pollution and sendimentation rate that might influence the macrobenthos abundance and diversity in the upper and middle part. The study also found macrobenthos abundance was proportionally increased with increasing salinity and pH. However, macrobenthos abundance was decreased with increasing temperature. Simpson index (D) was the highest (0.32) at middle and lower part and the lowest (0.23) was in the upper part. Shannon-wiener index (H) was also higher (1.68) at the upper part. Both the indices showed higher diversity at the upper part because of having maximum taxa in the station. Based on the H value, this study reported that Bakkhali River was moderately polluted since H value was in the range of 1.44 to 1.68. These might be because of anthropogenic sources of pollution in the vicinity of the river. This study suggests to take proper management strategies to control aquatic pollution and conserve aquatic biodiversity.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 10(1), 2021, P 47-55
ONLINE LEARNING AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE: ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND HORIZONS
Authors: Krylova-Grek Yuliya , Shyshkina Mariya P.
Published: November 2021

Online learning has shown considerable growth over the last decade, as the Internet and education were combined to serve millions of people to gain new skills. This paper outlines benchmarking studies of the current online learning trends. We have demonstrated the weak points in organizing and conducting online classes, identified the shortcomings of excessive digitalization of education, and suggested several problem-solving alternatives. We strongly believe that the appropriate arrangement of distance learning is impossible without getting feedback from all participants of the learning process. Our study represents the benefits and challenges of distance learning noticed by students. The given study is the initial stage of the multi-level research. To receive a qualitative and valid result, we developed a questionnaire with cross-sectional questions, which allowed analysing each question from multiple perspectives,  namely we were interested in the opinion of students on the following issues: transition to entirely distance learning; the role of a teacher in distance learning; the influence of distance learning format on the education quality (perception, understanding, learning, and mastering the material); difficulties and challenges. After examining the data obtained, we have managed to single out the following aspects: the most advisable forms of ICT use in the learning organization, balanced learning workload, and communication between teacher and student; co-ordination within the institution to avoid students' overload, which leads to demotivation and physical fatigue to cope with the scope of learning materials. The findings of this study indicate weak aspects in the organization and use of ICT in education. Based on these findings, we offered strategies for successful distance and blended learning. Besides, our findings must be taken into account when organizing blended learning.