bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating effect of resilience between post-traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jeong Juhee , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study explored the mediating role of resilience between post-traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The data were collected from 193 nurses working at a hospital in Daegu from October 16 to 30, 2020, in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants conducted self-reported surveys of post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version), emotional exhaustion (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and resilience (Korean Resilience Quotient Test). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Mediation analysis was performed using the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test.Results: The mean scores for post-traumatic stress, resilience, and emotional exhaustion were 16.18±16.18, 183.41±18.29, and 32.64±9.66, respectively. A higher level of post-traumatic stress was associated with lower resilience (r=-.20, p=.004) and with higher emotional exhaustion (r=.33, p<.001). A higher level of resilience was associated with lower emotional exhaustion (r=-.35, p<.001). The resilience was confirmed to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion, verified by the Sobel test (Z=2.31, p=.02).Conclusion: Resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion. Thus, nurses should develop individual strengths to reduce emotional exhaustion, and managers should also make efforts to increase the nurses’ resilience. It is also necessary to develop and apply a program to strengthen nurses’ resilience.
Festes a Alzira en 1710 per les victòries de Felip V. Una mostra d’adhesió a la causa borbònica en la guerra de Successió
Authors: Olivares Torres Enric
Published: June 2022

La celebració d’una festa d’acció de gràcies per les victòries de Brihuega i Villaviciosa a finals del 1710 esdevingué l’escenari idoni per a l’exhibició de mostres sinceres de lleialtat cap al monarca per part de la vila d’Alzira. La finalitat d’aquestes mostres de goig a través de la festa, la literatura i la visualitat tenia com a objectiu principal la transmissió d’una sèrie de valors i fidelitats cap al poder monàrquic al temps que legitimava davant els seus vassalls l’adhesió de la vila al Borbó en un moment crucial en què el tron d’Espanya es decantava definitivament cap a la seua posició en els darrers moments de la guerra de Successió.
L’evolució del morfema de cinquena persona en català antic: de cantats a cantau
Authors: Badal Manuel
Published: June 2022

L’evolució del morfema verbal de cinquena persona de ?tis > ?ts a ?u [w] (cant?tis > cantats > cantau) és un fenomen identificador de la llengua catalana, ja que es dona sistemàticament en totes les formes de cinquena persona de tots els verbs. La substitució de la forma ?ts per ?u s’inicia en català medieval i tarda bastant a consolidar-se gràficament. En aquest treball, analitzem, a partir d’un volum dels Sermons de sant Vicent Ferrer, quin és l’estadi evolutiu que presenta aquesta persona al començament del segle xv en els diversos temps verbals de l’indicatiu, del subjuntiu i de l’imperatiu. A més, analitzem si existeixen diferències significatives en l’adopció de les formes innovadores en -u entre els tres modes. Finalment, comparem els nostres resultats amb els recomptes de Wheeler (2012) per a establir si el gènere i l’estil de les obres afecta la distribució de les diferents variants.
Note su Flamenca
Authors: Lazzerini Lucia , Manetti Roberta
Published: June 2022

Riassunto: Due contributi indipendenti, ma complementari, su alcuni punti del grande romanzo occitano notocol titolo di Flamenca, testo raffinatissimo che, come tutte le opere letterarie colte del medioevo, si presta apiù livelli di lettura. Da un lato si riprende in considerazione una crux già discussa, per la quale si avanza unanuova ipotesi; dall’altro si ribadisce come l’interpretazione più corretta degli indizi cronologici disseminatinell’opera sia quella che induce a collocare la redazione, secondo ogni probabilità, negli anni Quaranta delXIII secolo (contro la tesi invalsa che la porrebbe nell’ultimo quarto).
Parole chiave: Flamenca, romanzo occitano medievale, ccdotica, allegoria medievale, Bibbia
Abstract: The present paper consists of two independent, but complementary contributions on somecritical issues concerning the Occitan romance known as Flamenca, a very refined text which, like all greatliterary works of the Middle Ages, allows multiple levels of reading. In the first part, we put forward anew hypothesis as regarding a long debated crux. In the second one, we assess again why the most correctinterpretation of the chronological clues disseminated in the work should date the composition of theromance back to the forties of the thirteenth century (against the thesis that would place it in the lastquarter).
Keywords: Flamenca, Medieval Occitan Novel, Textual criticism, Medieval Allegory, Bible
La Catalogna in Dante (dal Fiore alla Monarchia)
Authors: Pinto Raffaele
Published: June 2022

Riassunto: L’articolo analizza e mette in rapporto quattro passaggi danteschi nei quali viene nominata (oppure evocata) la Catalogna: dal Fiore, dalla Commedia, dal De Vulgari Eloquentia e dalla Monarchia, nei quali emerge, da una parte, una idea organica (anche se soggettiva), del luogo che occupa la Catalogna nello spazio linguistico e politico europeo, e dall’altra la coerenza di tali approcci.Parole chiave: gelosia, avarizia, giustizia, lingua, imperoAbstract: The article analyses and relates four Dante passages in which Catalonia is named (or evoked): from the Fiore, from the Commedia, from the De Vulgari Eloquentia and from the Monarchia, in which emerges, on the one hand, an organic idea (even if subjective), of the place that Catalonia occupies in the European linguistic and political space, and on the other the coherence of these approachesKeywords: jealousy, avarice, justice, language, empire
Annotazioni su un componimento a una poesia di Pere Miquel Carbonell
Authors: Letizia Michela
Published: June 2022

Riassunto: Ho selezionato dall’antologia La poesia oggettiva nella letteratura catalana medievale di A. M. Compagna, M. Letizia e N. Puigdevall Bafaluy (Roma, Aracne, 2019), il testo di Pere Miquel Carbonell, “Vos, en Galant, vergonya teniu poca” (pp. 177-180): mi propongo di fare ulteriormente luce sul suo contenuto, sulla sua strumentazione retorica e sulle modalità espressive dell’autore.Parole chiave: vergogna, concretezza, conversioneAbstract: I have selected from the anthology La poesia oggettiva nella letteratura catalana medievale (Objective Poetry in Medieval Catalan Literature) by A. M. Compagna, M. Letizia and N. Puigdevall Bafaluy (Roma, Aracne 2019), the text by Pere Miquel Carbonell, “Vos, en Galant, vergonya teniu poca” (pp. 177-180): I aim to shed further light on its content, its rhetorical instrumentation, and the author’s modes of expression.Keywords: shame, concreteness, conversion
Donne a processo per apostasia nell’Archivio Diocesano di Napoli: materiale inedito
Authors: Mazza Anna
Published: June 2022

Riassunto: Lo studio di materiale d’archivio inedito riguardante processi per apostasia a carico di donne, offre la possibilità di costruire nuove prospettive di ricerca intorno a categorie “marginali” partendo da una narrazione reale, senza filtri, e in alcuni casi, come per Caterina e Margarita, attraverso la voce stessa delle protagoniste. In questo susseguirsi di domande e risposte che sono riportate nel fascicolo del processo del Sant’Ufficio si dipanano le vicende umane di due donne che non troveremo negli scritti o nei versi di poeti ma sono testimoni reali del loro tempo e si fanno carne e voce attraverso un processo. Ricordarle è sicuramente un atto di giustizia.Paraules clau: apostasia, inquisizione spagnola e romana, realtà e immaginario, documenti e narrativa, storia e letteraturaAbstract: The study of unpublished archival material concerning trials for apostasy against women, offers the possibility of building new research perspectives around “marginal” categories starting from a real narrative, without filters, and in some cases, as for Caterina and Margarita, through the very voice of the protagonists. In this succession of questions and answers that are reported in the dossier of the trial of the Holy Office, the human events of two women unravel that we will not find in the writings or verses of poets but are real witnesses of their time and become flesh and voice through a process. Remembering them is certainly an act of justiceKeywords: apostasy, Spanish and Roman inquisition, reality and imaginary, documents and fiction, history and literature.
Ressenya a Jordi Gayà (Ed.), Enchiridium Theologicum Lullianum. Barcelona: Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià - Facultat de Teologia de Catalunya, 2021.
Authors: Butinyà Júlia
Published: June 2022

Ressenya a Jordi Gayà (Ed.), Enchiridium Theologicum Lullianum. Barcelona: Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià - Facultat de Teologia de Catalunya, 2021. 1110 pp. ISBN: 978-84-122798-7-0Review to Jordi Gayà (Ed.), Enchiridium Theologicum Lullianum. Barcelona: Ateneu Universitari Sant Pacià - Facultat de Teologia de Catalunya, 2021. 1110 pp. ISBN: 978-84-122798-7-0
The concept of the elusive "le je ne sais quoi" as a category of gallant aesthetics.
Authors: Zaуtseva Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2022

Since the middle of the last century, there have been disputes around the classicist doctrine, which blur the seemingly clear picture of the art of the XVII century and show that along with the aesthetics of classicism, the aesthetics of rules and order, there was another gallant aesthetics. In this dispute about classicism and aesthetic theories of the XVII century, the concept of the "elusive" is given a special place, since it demonstrates the ambiguity and complexity of the art of this period. The concept of the "elusive" is at the heart of the eternal dilemma of the art of the XVII century, the choice between beauty and grace, rational and irrational. However, in modern research, with all the relevance of the theme of style and the style of the era, this aesthetic category is not given sufficient attention. This article shows how a broad discussion of this concept in the salon environment leads to the fact that the principle of "elusive" becomes a requirement and a sign of gallant behavior. Throughout the XVII century, in all discussions and disputes, two points of view on the nature of the "elusive" are affirmed - the rationalistic one, according to which, even if we do not know the laws and nature of the elusive, it does not mean that they do not exist, and the mystical one, which elevated this concept to something supernatural, divine. The article shows how the arguments about the elusive and the resulting ideas about beauty and grace blur the ideal theory of classicism and demonstrate a complex picture of the ideas and aesthetic tastes of the XVII century.
Tax debt: problems, regional peculiarities and possible ways to reduce it (based on the materials of the Republic of Dagestan)
Authors: Imanshapieva Mazika Musabekovna
Published: June 2022

Identification of ways to reduce tax arrears is relevant in all countries of the world, since no country in the world can completely eradicate it and various measures are being taken to reduce it (voluntary and compulsory). In Russia, the issues of reducing tax and fee arrears are particularly relevant, since in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation the amount of tax and fee arrears is growing annually. As an example for a detailed study on this topic, the author considers such a subject of the Russian Federation as the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study revealed that, despite the fact that measures aimed at reducing tax arrears are being implemented in the Republic of Dagestan, the amount of taxes and fees owed to the budget system of the Russian Federation continues to be significant (in the Republic of Dagestan, its amount is up to 25% of its own budget revenues) and recommendations for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing it in modern conditions.    The article discusses the directions for reducing tax arrears, suggests the implementation of measures aimed at improving the quality of tax administration and the effectiveness of forms and methods of tax control, increasing the level of debt collection, preventing the possibility of tax evasion, the use of a set of measures to recover tax debts, in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, including with the participation of tax, law enforcement and judicial bodies, as well as creating favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, expanding the tax base, increasing investment activity and stimulating economic entities to obtain the status of a law-abiding taxpayer.
Pedestrians’ and Cyclists’ Preferences for Street Greenscape Designs
Authors: LIN Alin , LOU Jiankun
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the public’s interaction with street green spaces has been increasing, leading to much more concern about its design. By using stated preference data from a discrete choice experiment and the multinomial logit model, this study investigates pedestrians’ and cy-clists’ landscape preference regarding street green space through an online survey based on a virtual street envi-ronment. The results show that trees are the most suitable to be planted symmetrically between the cycle track and sidewalk. Large size trees with large crown width and tall height are more preferred than common size trees. There are considerable differences in preferences for lo-cations of shrubs, hedges, flowers, and grass between cy-clists and pedestrians. Cyclists prefer grass by the cycle track the most and grass by the sidewalk the least. But for pedestrians, flowers, hedges, and grass by the sidewalk are positively significant. Buildings with green plants in their front yards are preferred over a monotonous facade or coffee seats. This study enriches the understanding of the public’s landscape preferences for streets sharing non-motorised lanes. The results also play a guiding role in people-oriented street green space designs of land-scape architects and governments.
Simulation Modelling of Permitted Left-Turn Saturation Flow Rate Based on Opposing Through-Flow Degree of Saturation
Authors: KOCIĆ Anica , ČELAR Nikola , STANKOVIĆ Stamenka , KAJALIĆ Jelena
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the modelling of the saturation flow rate of the permitted left-turn in an exclusive lane. In the proposed model, the total permitted left-turn saturation flow rate is determined as a sum of saturation flow rates during the effective green time and the intergreen period. Primarily, the permitted left-turn saturation flow rate during the effective green time is modelled based on the opposing through-flow degree of saturation and the number of opposing through-flow lanes. The relation between the permitted left-turn saturation flow during the effective green time and these variables was examined using data from the simulation experiments in VISSIM. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the permitted left-turn saturation flow modelling based on the opposing through-flow degree of saturation instead of the opposing through-flow rate and signal-timing parameters. The proposed model was validated based on data collected at seven intersections with a permitted left-turn served in an exclusive lane. The permitted left-turn saturation flow rate could be accurately determined based on the opposing through-flow degree of saturation and the number of opposing lanes according to the RMSE of 58.4 pcu/h.
Strength of interactions in the Notch gene regulatory network determines patterning and fate in the notochord
Authors: Sánchez-Iranzo Héctor , Halavatyi Aliaksandr , Diz-Muñoz Alba
Published: June 2022

Development of multicellular organisms requires the generation of gene expression patterns that determines cell fate and organ shape. Groups of genetic interactions known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) play a key role in the generation of such patterns. However, how the topology and parameters of GRNs determine patterning in vivo remains unclear due to the complexity of most experimental systems. To address this, we use the zebrafish notochord, an organ where coin-shaped precursor cells are initially arranged in a simple unidimensional geometry. These cells then differentiate into vacuolated and sheath cells. Using newly developed transgenic tools together with in vivo imaging, we identify jag1a and her6/her9 as the main components of a Notch GRN that generates a lateral inhibition pattern and determines cell fate. Making use of this experimental system and mathematical modeling we show that lateral inhibition patterning is promoted when ligand-receptor interactions are stronger within the same cell than in neighboring cells. Altogether, we establish the zebrafish notochord as an experimental system to study pattern generation, and identify and characterize how the properties of GRNs determine self-organization of gene patterning and cell fate.
Quercetin prevents chronic kidney disease on mesangial cells model by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1/SMADs pathway
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , Prahastuti Sijani , Tjokropranoto Rita , Onggowidjaja Philips , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Afifah Ervi , Arumwardana Seila , Maulana Muhamad Aldi , Rizal Rizal
Published: June 2022

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) happens due to decreasing kidney function. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to result in the progression of CKD. Quercetin is widely known to have various bioactivities including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective

To evaluate the activity of quercetin to inhibit inflammation, stress oxidative, and fibrosis on CKD cells model (mouse mesangial cells induced by glucose).

Methods and Material

The SV40 MES 13 cells were plated in a 6-well plate with cell density at 5,000 cells/well. The medium had been substituted for 3 days with a glucose-induced medium with a concentration of 20 mM. Quercetin was added with 50, 10, and 5 µg/mL concentrations. The negative control was the untreated cell. The levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and MDA were determined using ELISA KIT. The gene expressions of the SMAD7, SMAD3, SMAD2, and SMAD4 were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results

Glucose can lead to an increase in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β1, MDA as well as the expressions of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and a decrease in SMAD7. Quercetin caused the reduction of TNF-α, TGF-β1, MDA as well as the expression of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and increased SMAD7.

Conclusion

Quercetin has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antifibrosis activity in the CKD cells model. Thus, quercetin is a promising substance for CKD therapy and further research is needed to prove this in CKD animal model.
A new species of deep-sea grunt, Rhonciscus pauco (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae), from Puerto Rico
Authors: Tavera Jose , Schärer-Umpierre Michelle T. , Acero P. Arturo
Published: June 2022

A fourth species of the genus Rhonciscus (Lutjaniformes: Haemulidae) is described from various specimens collected by small-scale fishers from the insular upper slope of western Puerto Rico. The new species was molecularly recovered as sister to the Eastern Pacific R. branickii, to which it bears many morphological similarities. It is distinguished from other Rhonciscus species by the number of scale rows between the dorsal fin and the lateral line (7), larger and thus fewer scales along the lateral line (48–50), large eyes (9.4–10.4 times in SL), longer caudal peduncle (15.2–20% of SL), larger sized penultimate (14.7–19.1% in SL) and last (7.4–9.5% in SL) dorsal fin spines which translates to a less deeply notched dorsal fin, and its opalescent silver with golden specks live coloration. This grunt, only now recognized by ichthyologists, but well known by local fishers that target snappers and groupers between 200 and 500 m in depth, occurs in far deeper waters than any western Atlantic grunt.
The Effect of Focusing Manner on Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Pain: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Social Support and Self-efficacy
Authors: Yoon Song Hee , Park Ju Young
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the sequential mediating effects of social support and self-efficacy in the relationship between focusing manner and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. Methods: The participants were 192 patients with chronic pain who visited a university hospital in D city from August 25, 2020 to October 27, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 26.0, and mediating effects were evaluated using the PROCESS macro model 6. Results: Social support(B=0.31; 95% CI=0.15~0.51) and self-efficacy(B=0.18; 95% CI=0.07~0.30) had mediating effects on the relationship between focusing manner and quality of life. Focusing manner did not directly affect quality of life; instead, social support and self-efficacy had sequential mediating effects on the relationship between focusing manner and quality of life(B=0.05; 95% CI=0.02~0.11). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that social support and self-efficacy are important factors related to quality of life in patients with chronic pain. It is also expected that enhancing social support and self-efficacy can further improve quality of life among chronic pain patients.
Minimally Invasive Restoration of Fractured Maxillary Central Incisors with Partial Laminate Veneers- A Case Series
Authors: Kaptanoglu Asena , Ordueri Tugce Merve , Kilicaslan Alaaddin , Kara Haluk Baris
Published: June 2022

Porcelain laminate veneers are one of the most preferred treatment methods today, due to the increasing interest in minimally invasive approach and their superior aesthetic properties. With the appreciation of the minimally invasive approach and the developing adhesive procedures, the partial laminate veneers have become more popular in dental field. In these case series, the teeth were restored with partial laminate veneers by only intervening in the fractured area. In this case series, the teeth that were restored with partial laminate veneers were prepared with different techniques. Preparation was performed without bevel in enamel margin in the case 1, with incisal overlap and bevel to create more natural transition on tooth surface in the case 2. In the case 3, preparation with incisal overlap was performed with preparation of the palatal surface of the tooth. The optical impression was made with the digital camera of the Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramic (CEREC) acquisition unit (Omnicam CEREC Sirona, Bensheim, Germany), in the first case. In the other cases, impression was taken with elastomeric impression materials. In addition, restorations were fabricated from feldspathic porcelain and lithium disilicate porcelain. In all the cases, restoration was cemented with resin cements. The following cases present the minimally invasive treatment of maxillary central incisors with a partial laminate veneers fabricated from different ceramic materials. New materials, procedures, and techniques provide patients an improved quality of life and a greater self-esteem with creating a confident aesthetic smile.
Physico-chemical and Gc-Ms Analysis of Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton Seed) Oil
Authors: Hassan M. I. , Abdulmumin Y. , Abdulmumin T. M. , Murtala M. , Muhammad A. I. , Anas H. U. , Mustapha R. K. , Danjaji H. I. , Safiyanu I.
Published: June 2022

Introduction and Objectives: The fatty acid profile of cotton seed oil, can be used to assess its nutritional value as ell the industrial applications of the oil as well. The significant amino acids such as Lipase, phytase, and lecithin were confirmed to found in cotton seed oil .Additionally, cotton seed oil is made to contained substantial natural antioxidants and α-tocopherols which give it shelf life longer than other related edible oils. The aim of this study is evaluate the physicochemical properties and characterized the Gossypium hirsutum oil using GC-MS analysis.

Materials and Methods: The cotton seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction procedure. The physicochemical parameters such as  Acid value, Free Fatty acids content, Iodine value, Saponification value, Peroxide value, Viscosity(40°C), Refractive Index, Moisture content, Specific gravity (30°C), and colour index were determined by standard procedures described by AOAC , while the ester value was determined by baltes method. The oil was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis.

Results: The physicochemical parameters showed that the acid value, free fatty acids content, iodine value, Saponification value, ester value, Peroxide value, viscosity, refractive index, moisture content, Specific gravity of the oil were  0.94±0.020 (mgKOH/gOil), 0.34±0.016%, 75.70±0.150gI/100g, 210.9±0.023millieqv/g, 209.4±0.027mgKOH/gOil, 8.82±0.010meq/kg, 4.41±0.113cSt, 1.383±0.003, 0.22±0.010%, 0.915±0.001  respectively. While the the oil was found to be Dark red in color. The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil shows the presence of  twenty five (25) chemical compound  ,in which six (6) where found to have biological activity  related to  Antibacterial activity, Anticancer Drug,  Antiseborrhoeic , Anti-inflammatory, Hypocholesterolemic, Cancer Preventive, Insectifuge, Antiarthritic, Antieczemic Hepatoprotective, Antiandrogenic, Nematicide, Antihistaminic, Cytoprotective activity and Anti-inflammatory   this includes  4,8-Diaza-2,9-dibenzoyl-5, 6-diphenyl-2,8-decadienedioic acid  tridecan-7-ol, Undecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,  (E)-hexadec-7-enal and (Z)-7-Hexadecenoic acid  respectively.

Conclusion: Cotton seed oil's physicochemical parameters were found to be within the NAFDAC and Cordex standards, liquids in nature, unsaturated, and slow to oxidation and rancidity and it is  suitable for consumption .  The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil reveals the presence of twenty-five (25) chemical compounds, six (6) of which exhibit biological activity and can be used in industrial, food, additive, and pharmacological formulations.
Treatment planning system commissioning of the first clinical biology‐guided radiotherapy machine
Authors: Simiele Eric , Capaldi Dante , Breitkreutz Dylan , Han Bin , Yeung Timothy , White John , Zaks Daniel , Owens Michael , Maganti Srinath , Xing Lei , Surucu Murat , Kovalchuk Nataliya
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The RefleXion X1 is a novel radiotherapy machine designed for image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and biology‐guided radiotherapy (BgRT). Its treatment planning system (TPS) generates IMRT and SBRT plans for a 6MV‐FFF beam delivered axially via 50 firing positions with the couch advancing every 2.1 mm. The purpose of this work is to report the TPS commissioning results for the first clinical installation of RefleXion™ X1.

Methods

CT images of multiple phantoms were imported into the RefleXion TPS to evaluate the accuracy of data transfer, anatomical modeling, plan evaluation, and dose calculation. Comparisons were made between the X1, Eclipse™, and MIM™. Dosimetric parameters for open static fields were evaluated in water and heterogeneous slab phantoms. Representative clinical IMRT and SBRT cases were planned and verified with ion chamber, film, and ArcCHECK@measurements. The agreement between TPS and measurements for various clinical plans was evaluated using Gamma analysis with a criterion of 3%/2 mm for ArcCHECK@and film. End‐to‐end (E2E) testing was performed using anthropomorphic head and lung phantoms.

Results

The average difference between the TPS‐reported and known HU values was −1.4 ± 6.0 HU. For static fields, the agreements between the TPS‐calculated and measured PDD10, crossline profiles, and inline profiles (FWHM) were within 1.5%, 1.3%, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Measured output factors agreed with the TPS within 1.3%. Measured and calculated dose for static fields in heterogeneous phantoms agreed within 2.5%. The ArcCHECK@mean absolute Gamma passing rate was 96.4% ± 3.4% for TG 119 and TG 244 plans and 97.8% ± 3.6% for the 21 clinical plans. E2E film analysis showed 0.8 mm total targeting error for isocentric and 1.1 mm for off‐axis treatments.

Conclusions

The TPS commissioning results of the RefleXion X1 TPS were within the tolerances specified by AAPM TG 53, MPPG 5.a, TG 119, and TG 148. A subset of the commissioning tests has been identified as baseline data for an ongoing QA program.
Ultrafast Sintering for Ceramic‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Nie Lu , Hu Xiangchen , Zhang Yining , Zhang Yue , Yu Yi , Liu Wei
Published: May 2022

Long processing time and high temperatures are often required in sintering ceramic electrolytes, which lead to volatile element loss and high cost. Here, an ultrafast sintering method of microwave‐induced carbothermal shock to fabricate various ceramic electrolytes in seconds is reported. Furthermore, it is also possible to integrate the electrode and electrolyte in one step by simultaneous co‐sintering. Based on this ultrafast co‐sintering technique, an all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal battery with a high areal capacity is successfully achieved, realizing a promising electrochemical performance at room temperature. This method can extend to other various ceramic multilayer‐based solid devices.
High Refractive Index Chalcogenide Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers for Integrated Photonics
Authors: Nishant Abhinav , Kim Kyung‐Jo , Showghi Sasaan A. , Himmelhuber Roland , Kleine Tristan S. , Lee Taeheon , Pyun Jeffrey , Norwood Robert A.
Published: May 2022

Optical polymer‐based integrated photonic devices are gaining interest for applications in optical packaging, biosensing, and augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). The low refractive index of conventional organic polymers has been a barrier to realizing dense, low footprint photonic devices. The fabrication and characterization of integrated photonic devices using a new class of high refractive index polymers, chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs), which possess high refractive indices and lower optical losses compared to traditional hydrocarbon‐based polymers, are reported. These optical polymers are derived from elemental sulfur via the inverse vulcanization process, which allows for inexpensive monomers to be used for these materials. A facile fabrication strategy using CHIPs via lithography is described for single‐mode optical waveguides, Y junction splitters, multimode interferometers (MMIs), and high Q factor ring resonators, along with device characterization. Furthermore, propagation losses of 0.4 dB cm−1near 1550 nm wavelength, which is the lowest measured loss in non‐fluorinated optical polymer waveguides, coupled with the benefits of low cost materials and manufacturing are reported. Ring resonators with Q factor on the order of 6 × 104and cavity finesse of 45, which are some of the highest values reported for optical polymer‐based ring resonators, are also reported.
Semiconductor Nanocrystals Emitting in the Second Near‐Infrared Window: Optical Properties and Application in Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Jiao Mingxia , Portniagin Arsenii S. , Luo Xiliang , Jing Lihong , Han Buxing , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: May 2022

Development of fluorophores with emission in the so‐called second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) represents an active area of the contemporary research. Among the available NIR‐II fluorophores, semiconductor nanocrystals are attractive owing to their high brightness, broad excitation profile, easily adjustable emission wavelength, and superior stability. At the same time, for the biomedical applications, biocompatibility of semiconductor nanocrystals is yet another important requirement. The recent advances in the synthesis of NIR‐II emitting semiconductor nanocrystals based on I‐VI, III‐V, and I‐III‐VI compound semiconductors are reviewed, placing special emphasis on the efforts to enhance their NIR‐II emission intensity and photostability. Representative examples of their applications for biomedical imaging, therapy and surgery are provided. This review is concluded by offering perspectives on how to further improve the performance of these attractive class of NIR‐II fluorophores.
Surface Structure Dependent Circular Dichroism in Single and Double Gyroid Metamaterials
Authors: Cote Bryan M. , Lenart William R. , Ellison Christopher J. , Ferry Vivian E.
Published: May 2022

Gyroid optical metamaterials consist of triply periodic chiral networks that are attractive photonic structures due to the combination of intriguing optical properties and spontaneous self‐assembly‐based fabrication routes using materials such as block copolymers. A previous experimental investigation found that gyroid metamaterials support strong circular dichroism, beyond what simulations only considering bulk interactions predict. In this work, simulations are used to unravel the contributions of bulk and surface interactions on the circular dichroism spectra of silver‐infilled gyroid metamaterial films. It is found that surface interactions have a significant, often dominating, contribution to circular dichroism. The relative strength of bulk and surface contributions can be tuned by controlling the crystallographic orientation, termination plane of the film, thickness, metal volume fraction, and defect density. Importantly, the dominance of surface interactions allows double gyroids, which are achiral in the bulk, to support strong circular dichroism responses with g‐factor magnitudes as large as 0.25.
Nonlinear Infrared Photodetection Based on Strong Nondegenerate Two‐Photon Absorption of Perovskite Single Crystal
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Qi , Gong Yiyang , Xing Guichuan , Wu Bo , Zhou Guofu
Published: May 2022

Halide perovskites have been recently shown to exhibit strong nonlinear optical properties such as two‐photon absorption, second harmonic generation, etc. In this work, the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption, i.e., when the energies of two photons absorbed are not the same, of methylammonium lead bromide single crystal is studied. It is found that the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption is much stronger than the degenerate two‐photon absorption. For the photon pair ℏω1 = 2.96 eV, ℏω2 = 0.73 eV, the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption coefficient reaches 51.3 cm GW−1, which is around 6 times that of degenerate two‐photon absorption. Taking advantage of the strong nondegenerate two‐photon absorption, a nonlinear infrared pulse photodetector based on the combination of a methylammonium lead bromide single crystal and a silicon photodiode is developed. The infrared femtosecond laser pulses at 1700 nm can be well measured with a resolution on the order of 1 nJ and responsivity of 68 V W−1. These findings provide novel insight for the understanding of nondegenerate nonlinear optical properties in halide perovskites and may open a new avenue for the development of high‐sensitivity infrared photon detection.
Computational Discovery and Experimental Demonstration of Boron Phosphide Ultraviolet Nanoresonators
Authors: Svendsen Mark K. , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Assadillayev Artyom , Shima Daisuke , Fujii Minoru , Thygesen Kristian S. , Raza Søren
Published: May 2022

Controlling ultraviolet light at the nanoscale using optical Mie resonances holds great promise for a diverse set of applications, such as lithography, sterilization, and biospectroscopy. Access to the ultraviolet requires materials with a high refractive index and wide band gap energy. Here, the authors systematically search for such materials by computing the frequency‐dependent optical permittivity of 338 binary semiconductors and insulators from first principles, and evaluate their scattering properties using Mie theory. This analysis reveals several interesting candidate materials among which boron phosphide (BP) appears most promising. Then BP nanoparticles are prepared and it is demonstrated that they support Mie resonances at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths using both far‐field optical measurements and near‐field electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. A laser reshaping method is also presented to realize spherical Mie‐resonant BP nanoparticles. With a refractive index over three and low absorption losses in a broad spectral range spanning from the infrared to the near ultraviolet, BP is an appealing material for a broad range of applications in dielectric nanophotonics.
Optical Logic Operation Encryption on ZnTe Flake
Authors: Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Chen Ping , Pi Lejing , Wang Haoyun , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2022

Logic operation encryption is emerging as a novel cryptographic mode, protecting logic operation from being attacked and tampered, and is a modern extension of conventional encryption system. However, the existing encryption methods are not conducive to the logic operation encryption due to the complexity, signal mode, and non‐adjustability of their design. Herein, an advanced logic operation encryption method is designed via the photoluminescence ratio of ZnTe, and the electrically and optically switchable NAND (Not AND) and NOR (Not OR) encryption based on this method is implemented. Two photoluminescence emissions can be selectively regulated by the gate voltage and excitation laser based on the different responses of band‐edge emission and defect emission. This novel approach will shed light on the development of high‐security encryption and computer information protection.
Free‐Standing Single‐Layer Metasurface for Efficient and Broadband Tailoring of Terahertz Wavefront
Authors: Tan Yihui , Qu Kai , Chen Ke , Wu Jingbo , Feng Longcheng , Yang Shengxin , Chen Benwen , Wang Yan , Zhang Chi , Fan Kebin , Zhang Caihong , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun , Jin Biaobing
Published: May 2022

During the past decade, metasurfaces have provided a versatile platform for controlling the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, thus showing great potential for developing compact photonic devices. However, compact and broadband terahertz (THz) components are still scarce for high‐speed communication and spectroscopy analysis. Here, a free‐standing metasurface is designed to realize broadband and efficient wavefront manipulation in the THz regime. The proposed metasurface consists of a single patterned metallic layer on an ultra‐thin flexible substrate. The full‐span phase control of circularly cross‐polarized waves can be achieved based on the Pancharatnam‐Berry phase mechanism only by spatially varying the element orientation. Besides, it can operate in a broadband range of 0.35–1.21 THz (relative bandwidth of 111%), with the efficiency approaching the theoretical limit of the ultra‐thin single‐layer metasurface. It is demonstrated that the free‐standing metasurface can be used for numerous applications, including but not limited to THz beam steering, focusing, and vortex generation. The broadband performances allow the pulsed spectral imaging system to record the evolution process of broadband vortex beam in real‐time. The proposed metasurface may trigger many exciting opportunities in THz wireless communication, medicine, and spectroscopy applications.
Engineering the Crack Structure and Fracture Behavior in Monolayer MoS2 By Selective Creation of Point Defects
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Yun‐Peng , Li Songge , Yang Qishuo , Li Daiyue , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Lin Junhao
Published: May 2022

Monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides, e.g., MoS2, typically have high intrinsic strength and Young's modulus, but low fracture toughness. Under high stress, brittle fracture occurs followed by cleavage along a preferential lattice direction, leading to catastrophic failure. Defects have been reported to modulate the fracture behavior, but pertinent atomic mechanism still remains elusive. Here, sulfur (S) and MoSn point defects are selectively created in monolayer MoS2 using helium‐ and gallium‐ion‐beam lithography, both of which reduce the stiffness of the monolayer, but enhance its fracture toughness. By monitoring the atomic structure of the cracks before and after the loading fracture, distinct atomic structures of the cracks and fracture behaviors are found in the two types of defect‐containing monolayer MoS2. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations, the key role of individual S and MoSn point defects is identified in the fracture process and the origin of the enhanced fracture toughness is elucidated. It is a synergistic effect of defect‐induced deflection and bifurcation of cracks that enhance the energy release rate, and the formation of widen crack tip when fusing with point defects that prevents the crack propagation. The findings of this study provide insights into defect engineering and flexible device applications of monolayer MoS2.
HfOx/AlOySuperlattice‐Like Memristive Synapse
Authors: Wang Chengxu , Mao Ge‐Qi , Huang Menghua , Huang Enming , Zhang Zichong , Yuan Junhui , Cheng Weiming , Xue Kan‐Hao , Wang Xingsheng , Miao Xiangshui
Published: May 2022

The adjustable conductance of a two‐terminal memristor in a crossbar array can facilitate vector‐matrix multiplication in one step, making the memristor a promising synapse for efficiently implementing neuromorphic computing. To achieve controllable and gradual switching of multi‐level conductance, important for neuromorphic computing, a theoretical design of a superlattice‐like (SLL) structure switching layer for the multi‐level memristor is proposed and validated, refining the growth of conductive filaments (CFs) and preventing CFs from the abrupt formation and rupture. Ti/(HfOx/AlOy)SLL/TiN memristors are shown with transmission electron microscopy , X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy , and ab initio calculation findings corroborate the SLL structure of HfOx/AlOyfilm. The optimized SLL memristor achieves outstanding conductance modulation performance with linearly synaptic weight update (nonlinear factorα= 1.06), and the convolutional neural network based on the SLL memristive synapse improves the handwritten digit recognition accuracy to 94.95%. Meanwhile, this improved synaptic device has a fast operating speed (30 ns), a long data retention time (≥ 104s at 85 ℃), scalability, and CMOS process compatibility. Finally, its physical nature is explored and the CF evolution process is characterized using nudged elastic band calculations and the conduction mechanism fitting. In this work, as an example the HfOx/AlOySLL memristor provides a design viewpoint and optimization strategy for neuromorphic computing.
Hieroglyphically Supervised Bioinspired Visioneural Controller
Authors: Berco Dan , Chiu Chih-Hao , Ang Diing Shenp
Published: May 2022

Unlike an intelligent microcontroller, biologic neural networks maintain active control throughout their operation, while the former usually needs to be disengaged during maintenance or software updates. Ideally, artificial intelligent control systems incorporate an incremental learning capability, without having the need to be retrained offline. Moreover, some hardware‐based neural networks (HNNs) rely on complementary software simulators during training. Such approaches decrease their potential to implement real‐time adaption, in a similar manner to their biologic counterparts. Herein, an independent, bioinspired robotic vision system with an incremental learning ability is presented. The system is trained and operated by associating instructions with hieroglyphic symbols and used to maneuver a robotic vehicle. A neural processor, capable of incremental online learning, forms the basis for the decision‐making flow. The entire range of functionality, starting from training, data storage, and up to controlling, is demonstrated herein.
Spike‐Based Spatiotemporal Processing Enabled by Oscillation Neuron for Energy‐Efficient Artificial Sensory Systems
Authors: Zhong Shuai , Zhang Yishu , Zheng Hao , Yu Fangwen , Zhao Rong
Published: May 2022

Developing an energy‐efficient artificial sensory system is of great significance for neuroprosthesis, neurorobotics, and intelligent human–machine interfaces. Inspired by the biological perception, achieving this goal through spatiotemporal processing is viable. But some challenges, such as continuous signal coding resulting in high‐energy consumption, are yet to be solved, hindering the realization of human perception emulation. Herein, a perceptual simulation enabled by spike‐based spatiotemporal processing is demonstrated, which is analogous to the biological behavior, through an NbOx‐based oscillation neuron. The time difference between distinct inputs has a notable impact on the output spiking activity of oscillation neuron. On the basis of these features, the temporal‐related perceptions, for example, direction selectivity and sound localization are closely imitated. Unambiguous differentiation of direction or azimuth is enabled according to the output spiking numbers of oscillation neuron. Furthermore, by combining the oscillation neuron with a spiking neural network, azimuth recognition is conceptually established to mimic the human's response to auditory stimuli. Herein, the feasibility of employing spike‐based spatiotemporal processing of oscillation neurons to emulate sensory functionality, paving a highly potential way for realizing energy‐efficient artificial sensory systems, is proved.
A Path toward Inherently Asymmetric Micromotors
Authors: Chattopadhyay Purnesh , Heckel Sandra , Irigon Pereira Fabio , Simmchen Juliane
Published: May 2022

Since the highly cited paper by Purcell postulating the “Scallop theorem” almost 50 years ago, asymmetry is an unavoidable part of micromotors. It is frequently induced by self‐shadowing or self‐masking, resulting in so‐called Janus colloids. This strategy works very reliably, but turns into a bottleneck once up‐scaling becomes important. Herein, existing alternatives are discussed and a novel synthetic pathway yielding active swimmers in a one‐pot synthesis is presented. To understand the resulting mobility from a single material, the geometric asymmetry is evaluated using a python based algorithm and this process is automated in an open access tool.
The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig
Authors: Inokaitis Hermanas , Pauziene Neringa , Pauza Dainius H.
Published: May 2022

The sinoatrial node (SAN) has been the object of interest of various studies. In experimental neurocardiology, the real challenge is the choice of the most appropriate animal model. Pig is routinely used animal due to its size and physiological features. Despite this, the anatomy and innervation of the pig SAN are not completely examined. This study analyses the distribution of SAN cells and their innervation in whole‐mount preparations and the cross‐sections of the pig right atrium. Our findings revealed the differences in the distribution of the SAN cells and their innervation pattern between pigs and other animals. The pig SAN myocytes were distributed around the root of the anterior vena cava. A meshwork of nerve fibers (NFs) in this area was four‐fold denser compared to other right atrial areas and contained the adrenergic (positive for TH), cholinergic (positive for ChAT), nitrergic (positive for nNOS), and potentially sensory (positive for SP) NFs. The SAN area contained 98 ± 10 ganglia that involved 21 ± 2 neuronal somata per ganglion. The determined chemical phenotypes of ganglionic cells demonstrate their diversity in the pig SAN area as there were identified neuronal somata positive for ChAT, nNOS, TH, and simultaneously for ChAT/nNOS and ChAT/TH. Small intensively fluorescent cells were also abundant. The broad distribution of SAN cells, the chemical diversity, and the high density of neural components in the SAN area are comparable to the human one and, therefore, the pig may be considered as the appropriate animal model for experimental cardiology.