bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevating Argumentation Skills Through Discovery Learning
Authors: Swastika Kayan , Na'im Mohamad , Safiroh Ilvatus
Published: September 2022

The 2013 curriculum is oriented toward 21st-century competencies by deploying technology in learning. 21st Century skills hold predominant roles in education. Cognitive skills, critical thinking, creative thinking, metacognitive, perseverance, confidence, solving problem skills, social skills, collaboration, and communication fall under the 21st Century skills. Argumentation skills are important to educators, especially in critical thinking and being able to express opinions or arguments based on data and facts. Learners are required to make decisions on the basis of logical and reasonable information. In improving argumentation skills, a suitable learning model is required, namely Discovery Learning. Discovery learning occurs in problem-solving situations in which learners engage their existing experience and knowledge to discover meaningful new facts, relationships, and truths. As such, Discovery Learning can help learners to improve argumentation skills based on data and facts.
Designing an Immersive Virtual Reality Classroom Exploring Behaviour Support Strategies
Authors: Park Hayden , Cooper Grant , Thong Li Ping
Published: September 2022

In this research the authors explore ClasSimVR, a proof-of-concept immersive virtual reality (ivr) application. This software is designed to support pre-service teachers (psts) implementation of a School-Wide Positive Behaviour Interventions and Supports (swpbis) approach to challenging student behaviours. ClasSimVR offers users the opportunity to engage with immersive hypothetical scenarios, whereby virtual students display challenging behaviours. Users respond to these behaviours with a range of possible actions aligned with a swpbis approach. The authors draw on a research-through-design (rtd) methodology to explore the design process of ClasSimVR. The article investigates the implications of an expert evaluation (n=5) conducted as part of the design process of creating ClasSimVR. More broadly, this research contributes to the discourse surrounding the design and implementation of immersive learning environments in educational contexts.
Whose Responsibility is it Anyway? Pupil Mental Health in a Scottish Secondary School
Authors: McKee Christine , Breslin Mark
Published: September 2022

Under Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence, the health and wellbeing of school pupils is the ‘Responsibility of All’. Mental health is included in this though the extent to which secondary teachers feel confident to deal with the many and varied issues which their pupils present with is less clear. This pilot study seeks to explore the potential gap between the responsibilities that are assigned to Scottish secondary teachers and the responsibilities that they assume. A questionnaire, interviews and focus group were used to garner the views of a group of secondary teachers. Thematic analysis of the data allowed for an exploration of how the role of the secondary teacher with regard to mental health is perceived by those dealing with pupils on a daily basis. Views varied considerably illustrating that the complexity surrounding these issues should not be underestimated.
Hirsutisoma grimaldii sp. nov., a ca. 99-million-year-old ricinuleid (Primoricinulei, Hirsutisomidae) from Cretaceous Burmese amber with a corticolous, scansorial lifestyle
Authors: BOTERO-TRUJILLO RICARDO , DAVIS STEVEN R. , MICHALIK PETER , PRENDINI LORENZO
Published: September 2022

Ricinulei Thorell, 1876 is an order of Arachnida currently represented in the New and Old Worlds by 103 living species. The order is also represented in the fossil record from the Carboniferous (ca. 305–319 Ma) and the Cretaceous (ca. 99 Ma) periods. In the present contribution, Hirsutisoma grimaldii sp. nov., a new extinct species of the suborder Primoricinulei Wunderlich, 2015, is described from a specimen preserved in Cretaceous Burmese amber. The specimen is a well-preserved adult male in which several taxonomically informative structures are visible, allowing the new species to be differentiated from Hirsutisoma bruckschi Wunderlich, 2017, the only other congener for which a male is known. This description raises the number of Cretaceous Ricinulei species to six. A comparative table documents morphological differences among the various species of this lineage. Hypotheses concerning the paleoecology and functional morphology of this species and, by extrapolation, other primoricinuleids, are presented. The evidence suggests that Primoricinulei were corticolous, scansorial predators.
A new genus of Ipsviciidae (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha) with a tegminal strigil from the Triassic of Madygen
Authors: SHCHERBAKOV DMITRY E.
Published: September 2022

The family Ipsviciidae, originally described from the Upper Triassic of Australia and considered an offshoot of the Scytinopteridae (Tillyard, 1919), was later variously assigned to Heteroptera, Coleorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea, or Cicadomorpha (Cercopoidea or its own superfamily) by different authors (see Lambkin, 2020). Shcherbakov (1984) placed Ipsviciidae in the Scytinopteroidea and demonstrated that this superfamily is ancestral to Heteroptera (Shcherbakov, 1996). The family comprises several genera known from the Triassic and Lower Jurassic of Australia and Eurasia (Lambkin, 2020). A peculiar monotypic genus of Ipsviciidae with a strigil (stridulatory area) on the underside of the tegmen is described below from the Middle to Upper Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian) of the Madygen Lagerstätte, Central Asia. Such a strigil indicates that the new species possessed a stridulatory device of the forewing-hindleg type, similar to those occurring in the extinct Dysmorphoptilidae (Evans, 1961) and some extant true bugs (see Discussion). Dysmorphoptilids and the new ipsviciid genus may have used these devices to produce alarm signals.
Dragonflies of Cusuco National Park, Honduras; checklist, new country records and the description of a new species of Palaemnema Selys, 1860 (Odonata: Platystictidae)
Authors: JOCQUE MERLIJN , GARRISON ROSSER
Published: September 2022

The odonate fauna of Honduras is poorly documented. Based on 10 years of observations and collections we present an overview of dragonflies from cloud forests in Cusuco National Park, northwestern Honduras. A total of 44 species were reported including at least seven new country records for Honduras we include ecological observations for most species. A new species of Platystictidae (Palaemnema lorae Jocque & Garrison, n. sp. Holotype ♂: HONDURAS: Cortés Dept., CNP, Cantiles, Trail 5, small river close to camp, N15.513457 W88.241681; 1846m, 23 June 2012 collected by Merlijn Jocque, field code: BINCO_HON_12_047, in RBINS) is described and illustrated.
Pilbarana, a new subterranean amphipod genus (Hadzioidea: Eriopisidae) of environmental assessment importance from the Pilbara, Western Australia
Authors: STRINGER DANIELLE N. , KING RACHAEL A. , AUSTIN ANDREW D. , GUZIK MICHELLE T.
Published: September 2022

The Pilbara and nearby regions in north-western Western Australia have an exceptionally high diversity of short-range endemic invertebrates inhabiting threatened groundwater-dependent habitats. Amphipod crustaceans, in particular, are dominant in these communities, but are poorly understood taxonomically, with many undescribed species. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of Pilbara eriopisid amphipods have, nonetheless, uncovered a previously unknown biodiversity. In this study, we formally establish a new genus, Pilbarana Stringer & King gen. nov., and describe two new species, P. grandis Stringer & King sp. nov. from Cane River Conservation Park and P. lowryi Stringer & King sp. nov. from the Fortescue River Basin near the Hamersley Range, using a combination of molecular and morphological data. The new genus is similar morphologically to the two additional Western Australian eriopisid genera, Nedsia Barnard & Williams, 1995 and Norcapensis Bradbury & Williams, 1997, but represents a genetically divergent, reciprocally monophyletic lineage, which can be differentiated by its vermiform body shape, the presence of an antennal sinus, and by the length and form of the antennae and uropods. This research signifies an important contribution to knowledge of Pilbara subterranean communities and has critical implications for future environmental impact assessments and conservation management.
Inhibitory Effect of miR-504-Loaded Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Oral Cancer Through Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 to Mediate Extracellular Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Jing , Zhang Wei , Ma Quan-Sheng , Gao Yu-Tong
Published: September 2022

By combining magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) with miR-504, we explored miR-504’s impact on oral cancer cell migration and explored its underlying mechanism with CDK6 protein in oral cancer. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine miR-504
expression in oral cancer cells and normal oral cells. Functional experiment was established to analyze the effect of miR-504 and CDK6 on cancer cells migration using Transwell assay, we also determined the interaction between miR-504 and CDK6, which was further verified by bioinformatics
and dual-luciferase assay. Western blot determined related proteins of ERK signaling pathway after transfection with different plasmids. miR-504 was poorly expressed in oral cancer cells relative to normal human oral cells (P < 0.05). As RT-qPCR confirmed the transfection efficiency
of miR-504 mimic, we found that, overexpression of miR-504 induced decreased protein expression of CDK6 while its mRNA expression did not change. Mechanistically, miR-504 was indicated to bind to CDK6 mRNA3′UTR. Transfection with miR-504 mimic decreased invasion of oral cancer cells,
which was reversed by overexpression of CDK6. SCC-9 cells transfected with different plasmids were stimulated with epidermal growth factor. Besides, overexpression of miR-504 downregualted ERK, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in oral cancer cells, and addition of CDK6 mimic could restore these expressions
(P < 0.05). CDK6 is the downstream target for miR-504. Moreover, the miR-504-loaded MIONs directly targeted CDK6 to mediate the ERK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting oral cancer migration. It may become a target for treatment of oral cancer.
Physicochemical Properties, Structural and In Vitro Digestibility of Starch from Five Different Sources
Authors: Lu Kui , Wang Junying
Published: September 2022

Starch is one of the main sources of carbon water in food, the digestion rates of starches in food directly affects the concentration of glucose in the body. There are few comparative studies on the structures and digestibility starches from different sources. In this study, the molecular
composition, physicochemical properties, crystal structure and digestion characteristics of five different sources of starches from purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.), iron stick yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb. Cv. Tiegun) (DTT), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were analyzed. The results showed that the content of resistant starches in DTT and purple yam were 84.1 and 73%, respectively, much higher than that of starches in potato (57.87%), pea (47.6%) and wheat (46.09%). The relative crystallinity
of starch in purple yam was 45.5%, higher than the other four starches, in which that in wheat to be the lowest (33.1%). Starches in Purple yam and DTT contain more amylopectin medium chains and higher gelatinization temperature, while potato starch has the highest peak viscosity (PV). In
general, purple yam and DTT starch have higher ordered chains and low digestibility, especially purple yam starch. The higher ordered chains is the main factor for the lower starch digestibility. This paper aims to reveal the relationship between starch structure and digestibility, and is
expected to provide a reference for a better development and application of starch functional foods.
A Review on Versatile Eco-Friendly Applications of Microbial Proteases in Biomedical and Industrial Applications
Authors: Mahnashi Mater H. , Muddapur Uday M. , Turakani Bhagya , Shaikh Ibrahim Ahmed , Al Awadh Ahmed Abdullah , Alshahrani Mohammed Merae , Almazni Ibrahim A. , Malpani Jay , Goudar Susmita V. , Sindagimath Vaishnavi , Alsaikhan Fahad , Khan Aejaz Abdullatif , Mannasaheb Basheerahmed Abdulaziz , Ahmed Mohammad Zaki , Shakeel Iqubal S. M.
Published: September 2022

Enzymes are the keystone for metabolism or the chemical reactions in biological systems. They help to build certain substances and break others down. Enzymes play a critical role in our bodies, industries and corporate sectors. Protease is an enzyme that helps break the peptide bonds
present in the protein and separates the amino acids. Microbial proteases are the ones where the bacteria can produce the protease enzyme. Among many industrial enzymes, microbial protease has a versatile role in many fields like laundry, leather preparation, feather degradation, detergent
preparation, biocontrol agents, optical lens cleaners, tannery, deproteinization of prawn shell, prevention of putrefaction of cutting oil, food preservatives, chelating agents, fodder additives, removal and degradation of polymeric substances (EPS), removal of hairs in buffalo hide, waste
treatment, bioremediation process, reduction of waste-activated sludge and biofilm formation, degumming of silk, cosmetics (to remove glabellar-frown lines), cheese making, Meat tenderization, rehydration of goat skins and reduced water quantity, fibrin degradation, photographic, silver recovery
from X-ray films, dairy industry, control harmful nematodes, fruit juice, and bakery, soybean paste, and sauce industry, pulp mills, alcohol production, fish processing wastes, prion degradation. Microbial protease is popularly used in the detergent industry, leather industry, textile industry,
food industry, dairy industry, meat processing industry, bakery industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc.
Evolution of Lamellar O Phase During Hot Compression in Ti2AlNb-Based Alloy
Authors: Li Dong , Zeng Wei-Dong , Ma Hao-Yuan , Xu Jian-Wei , Liang Xiao-Bo
Published: September 2022

The dynamic spheroidization behavior of Ti2AlNb-based alloy with O lamellae during isothermal hot compression was investigated. The aspect ratio of lamellar O phase decreased at higher compression temperatures and lower strain rates, and more kinked or spherical O phases
appeared. The results indicated that deformation conditions have a considerable effect on dynamic spheroidization behavior of Ti–22Al–25Nb alloy, and the correlation between spheroidization fraction and strain follows a Avrami-type sigmoid model. The strains for starting (εc)
and finishing (εf) of the dynamic spheroidization determined with the nonlinear fit were 0.10–0.31 and 1.70–5.39, respectively. The εc was higher due to the consumption of compressed strains before the fracture of O lamellae. The kinetic
rate of dynamic spheroidization is positively correlated with temperature rise and negatively correlated with strain rate. Dynamic spheroidization was achieved through a combination of shearing and diffusional process during different hot compression conditions.
A Spring in the Desert: Infertility and Merciful Accompaniment
Authors: Henkel Kimberly , Koshute Ann M. , Huneck Stacey
Published: September 2022

The mystery of love as it unfolds in marriage is an adventure filled with wonder and anticipation for what the future holds. Such is the excitement and optimism of the couple embarking on family life by actively trying to conceive a child. For the couple struggling with infertility, however, joyful anticipation can soon devolve into anguish as they realize that their hoped-for children might not come. 1 Though the pain of infertility is a shared experience in marriage, it is to the woman that evaluation, testing, and treatment is often directed. She may experience infertility as an assault on her feminine identity, her marriage, and her faith, leaving her vulnerable to reliance on scientific and technological solutions as the only relief for her pain. This turn toward science, if not integrated into the larger framework of overall health and well-being, has the danger of making the natural, good desire for a child into a quest to achieve a single-minded goal. When the child becomes a “goal,” husband, wife, and potential offspring become (unintentionally) objectified, and the woman's identity and the future of her marriage rest precariously on the shoulders of an ideal. It is within the context of the authors’ lived experience of infertility, as well as hundreds of encounters with women in the Springs in the Desert community, that the authors contend that it is necessary to integrate the pain of infertility into a framework of merciful accompaniment. Pastors, physicians, and Fertility Care Providers are all uniquely well-placed to offer support and encouragement that affirm the intrinsic dignity of the wife and her husband, and the truth of their marriage as a witness to Christ in the world. When they meet the woman amidst her pain and longing, they can help her to understand infertility as a circumstance and not her identity. When the pain of infertility is seen and acknowledged, the medical and pastoral care she receives can positively impact her overall health and wellbeing, help her to turn to her husband, and ultimately encourage her to find God in the midst of the struggle.
Does tourism industry agglomeration improve China's energy and carbon emissions performance?
Authors: Zhou Yicheng , Lin Boqiang
Published: September 2022

The tourism industry is seen as having great potential, but tourism development and tourism activities may increase energy consumption and environmental pressure. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2000 to 2017, we calculate the energy and carbon emission performance by using the non-radial distance function (NDDF) and further investigate the impact of tourism industry agglomeration on energy and carbon emission efficiency by combining the panel fixed effect model, mediation effect model and quantile regression. Our research results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between tourism industry agglomeration and energy and carbon emission efficiency, and tourism industry agglomeration can improve energy and carbon emission efficiency at present. At the same time, the impact of tourism industry agglomeration on energy and carbon emission efficiency has regional heterogeneity. The industrial structure upgrading plays an important role in the process of tourism industry agglomeration. In addition, with the improvement of energy and carbon emission performance, the impact of tourism industry agglomeration is also different. These findings suggest that policymakers should promote tourism industry agglomeration to realize energy conservation and emission reduction. The Chinese government should focus on the tourism resources and advantages of different regions and formulate differentiated regional policies to improve ecological performance.
The dynamics of socio-economic segregation: What role do private schools play?
Authors: Jähnen Stefanie , Helbig Marcel
Published: September 2022

Although residential sorting along socio-economic lines has increased in many cities across Europe, few studies have examined what drives changes in segregation over time. This study looks at the role of school choice expansion in shaping patterns of spatial inequality. We adopt a longitudinal perspective and investigate how the increasing availability of private primary schools is related to the dynamics of socio-economic segregation in German cities. Drawing on a uniquely compiled data set for the years 2005 to 2014 that includes 74 large and medium-sized cities with over 3500 districts, we estimate linear panel regression models with city fixed effects. The analyses show that an increase in the share of private primary schools is associated with a decrease in the segregation of poverty in West German cities but not in East German ones. The association in West Germany is particularly pronounced in local contexts characterised by growing rates of poor residents and growing proportions of young children. Results imply that school choice availability may promote residential integration and at the same time reinforce school segregation.
Comparing Egocentric and Sociocentric Centrality Measures in Directed Networks
Authors: An Weihua
Published: September 2022

Egocentric networks represent a popular research design for network research. However, to what extent and under what conditions egocentric network centrality can serve as reasonable substitutes for their sociocentric counterparts are important questions to study. The answers to these questions are uncertain simply because of the large variety of networks. Hence, this paper aims to provide exploratory answers to these questions by analyzing both empirical and simulated data. Through analyses of various empirical networks (including some classic albeit small ones), this paper shows that egocentric betweenness approximates sociocentric betweenness quite well (the correlation is high across almost all the networks being examined) while egocentric closeness approximates sociocentric closeness only reasonably well (the correlation is a bit lower on average with a larger variance across networks). Simulations also confirm this finding. Analyses further show that egocentric approximations of betweenness and closeness seem to work well in different types of networks (as featured by network size, density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity, and geodistance). Lastly, the paper briefly presents three ideas to help improve egocentric approximations of centrality measures.
Peritoneal dialysis and LVAD bridge to successful heart–kidney transplant
Authors: Forcey Dana S , Manefield Kye , Wilson Scott
Published: September 2022

Kidney injury and cardio–renal syndrome is a common complication of end-stage cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Although renal function often improves after placement of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), this is frequently not sustained, and many patients progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In-centre haemodialysis (HD) is the most common dialysis modality in patients with LVADs and there are only rare case reports of maintenance dialysis with peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients with VADs. Barriers to the use of PD as renal replacement modality in patients with LVAD include lack of familiarity with acute-start PD, concerns regarding interruption of anticoagulation for PD catheter placement and historic concerns of PD-associated peritonitis risk causing VAD drive-line infection, though this risk is reduced with modern pre-peritoneal VAD drive-lines. PD may offer advantages in this cohort including improved haemodynamic stability and avoidance of vascular access, with lower rates of bloodstream infections as compared to HD. PD may also aid preservation and restoration of kidney function in patients with LVADs and kidney injury. We report a case of a patient with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and existing LVAD, with ESKD managed successfully with maintenance PD. The patient was maintained on PD for 10 months prior to a subsequent successful combined heart–kidney transplant.
Measuring serendipity with altmetrics and randomness
Authors: Nishikawa-Pacher Andreas
Published: September 2022

Many discussions on serendipitous research discovery stress its unfortunate immeasurability. This unobservability may be due to paradoxes that arise out of the usual conceptualizations of serendipity, such as “accidental” versus “goal-oriented” discovery, or “useful” versus “useless” finds. Departing from a different distinction drawn from information theory—bibliometric redundancy and bibliometric variety—this paper argues otherwise: Serendipity is measurable, namely with the help of altmetrics, but only if the condition of highest bibliometric variety, or randomness, obtains. Randomness means that the publication is recommended without any biases of citation counts, journal impact, publication year, author reputation, semantic proximity, etc. Thus, serendipity must be at play in a measurable way if a paper is recommended randomly, and if users react to that recommendation (observable via altmetrics). A possible design for a serendipity-measuring device would be a Twitter bot that regularly recommends a random scientific publication from a huge corpus to capture the user interactions via altmetrics. Other than its implications for the concept of serendipity, this paper also contributes to a better understanding of altmetrics’ use cases: not only do altmetrics serve the measurement of impact, the facilitation of impact, and the facilitation of serendipity, but also the measurement of serendipity.
Instinctive synthesis and the rule of law critique: Unlocking Aladdin’s cave
Authors: Beardow Jye
Published: September 2022

This article addresses the criticism that instinctive synthesis undermines the rule of law. With reference to Australia, the United States, and England and Wales, the author discusses two competing approaches to sentencing offenders: instinctive synthesis and two-tier sentencing. In particular, he examines how these approaches square against various conceptions of the rule of law. Ultimately, the author rejects the argument that the instinctive synthesis approach is contrary to the rule of law.
Exploration of Factors Associated with Reported Medication Administration Errors in North Carolina Public School Districts
Authors: Best Nakia C. , Nichols Ann O. , Pierre-Louis Bosny , Hernandez Jessica
Published: September 2022

School nurses are pivotal to the safety of school-aged children, particularly those who receive medications in the school setting. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with medication administration errors in North Carolina school districts between 2012/2013 and 2017/2018. A longitudinal study using repeated measures analysis of school health services data collected in the North Carolina Annual School Health Services and Programs Survey was conducted. Over time, the number of medication errors ( p = .001) and number of medication corrective action plans ( p < .0001) trended upwards. There was also an increase in medication errors when the number of schools in a district was higher ( p < .0001). Conversely, there was a decrease in corrective action plans when school nurses were directly employed by the school district ( p = .0471). We implore school disticts to consider the important role of school nurses to keep kids safe, healthy, and ready to learn.
Effect of Inhalation Anesthetics on Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Jing Yixin , Zhang Yiguo , Pan Rui , Ding Ke , Chen Rong , Meng Qingtao
Published: September 2022

Many factors affect the prognosis of patients undergoing tumor surgery, and anesthesia is one of the potential influencing factors. In general anesthesia, inhalation anesthesia is widely used in the clinic because of its strong curative effect and high controllability. However, the effect of inhalation anesthetics on the tumor is still controversial. More and more research has proved that inhalation anesthetics can intervene in local recurrence and distant metastasis of tumor by acting on tumor biological behavior, immune response, and gene regulation. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of diverse inhalation anesthetics promoting or inhibiting cancer in the critical events of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and compared the effects of inhalation anesthetics on patients' prognosis in clinical studies, to provide theoretical reference for anesthesia management of patients undergoing tumor surgery.
A parametric study on the structural noise radiation characteristics of a steel spring floating slab track
Authors: Zhou Qing , He Yuanpeng , Li Muxiao , Liu Zhe , He Yulong , Sheng Xiaozhen
Published: September 2022

It is a common experience that the interior noise of an underground train vehicle increases suddenly when it just runs into a track section with steel spring floating slabs, significantly reducing passengers’ comfort. This paper investigates the reasons, and control, of such noise through field tests and model simulations. The effect of rail surface irregularity on interior noise was investigated first by analysing data collected from interior noise tests, rail surface irregularity measurement and by analysing the modal behaviour of the slab. Noise radiation of the track slab was then analysed using the acoustic boundary element method while the vibration of the steel spring floating slab track is predicted based on an infinitely long periodic structure model; And finally with the prediction models, a parameter study was performed for the steel spring floating slab, on the purpose of improving the parameters to make the track less noisy. The research presented in this paper may provide a reference for the design of steel spring floating slabs in terms of noise control.
Distinctive behaviors of mesh force and transmission error in mesh stiffness model of spur planetary gear system considering elastic ring gear
Authors: Wan Bowen , Zhou Xiaojun , Fu Yimeng , Yang Xuefeng , Duan Rongkai
Published: September 2022

In a planetary gear set with an elastic ring gear, there are several pairs of flexible internal meshing simultaneously. The interactions between them are often ignored when considering their mesh stiffness. This study is devoted to investigating the effect of the number of equally spaced planets and the number of fixed supports of ring gear on mesh force and loaded-static transmission error (LSTE) as well as related mesh stiffness through a 2D system-level finite element model. This model is first validated by the comparison with the traditional potential energy method (PEM) when the ring gear is fully fixed. Then taking the number of planets and fixed supports as variables, 16 sets of analyses are conducted. Mesh force and LSTE extracted from the model, together with the mesh stiffness derived by them, are analyzed and concluded in the time domain and/or frequency domain. It is demonstrated that the number of planets has a certain impact on the ring-planet mesh stiffness. In terms of the number of planets and fixed supports, planetary gear systems can be classified into three categories according to the distinctive behaviors of mesh force and LSTE in the time domain and frequency domain.
Influence of suction and heat source on MHD stagnation point flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid over convectively heated stretching/shrinking cylinder
Authors: Mahmood Zafar , Iqbal Zahoor , Alyami Maryam Ahmed , Alqahtani Bader , Yassen Mansour F , Khan Umar
Published: September 2022

Heat flow may be improved using a new form of nanofluid known as ternary hybrid nanofluid. Magnetic field, mass suction, and heat source effects on the stagnation area of [Formula: see text]) ternary hybrid nanofluid toward convectively heated stretching/shrinking cylinder with cylindrical shape nanoparticles are studied in this work. There will be an equation modeled under the given assumptions. It is feasible, with the help of similarity transformation, to convert nonlinear partial differential equations that are not quite solvable into ordinary differential equations that can be resolved numerically. The prevailing role of heat transfer and the features of movement of ternary hybrid nanofluids have been found to be significantly affected by the combination of Runge–Kutta-IV and the shotting technique in Mathematica. Many variables, including suction, Reynold number, nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic field, Biot number, heat source, and stretching/shrinking influenced temperature, velocity, skin friction, and the local heat transfer rate, as shown in the graphs in the study. When magnetic field, suction, and Reynold number are present velocity increases, but inverse is true for nanoparticle volume fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter. The greatest influence on the surface is shown by the ternary hybrid nanofluid. Additionally, the heat transfer rate of the ternary hybrid nanofluid is faster than that of the hybrid and regular nanofluids.
Designing an optimal infection prevention service: Part 1
Authors: Burnett Emma , Cooper Tracey , Wares Karen , Wigglesworth Neil , Chiwera Lilian , Settle Chris , Robinson Jude
Published: September 2022

Background

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant threat to the health and safety of patients, staff, and visitors. Infection prevention and control (IPC) teams play a crucial role in ensuring that systems and processes are in place to keep everyone safe within the healthcare environment.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify components of infection prevention services, priorities, indicators of successes and how they are measured, and facilitators and barriers to success.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was developed and circulated to infection prevention leaders and managers.

Findings/results

Seventy IPC leaders/managers completed the survey. Participants were responsible for a range of IPC services within and across healthcare organisations, with significant variations to IPC delivery components. Additionally, a range of budget availability was reported. Several IPC service requirements were considered core work of IPC teams, including providing IPC advice and support, surveillance and audit and education and training.

Discussion

An optimal IPC service needs to be in place to ensure HCAIs are minimised or prevented. In a post pandemic era, this is more important than ever before. This is also as crucial for the health and wellbeing of those working in IPC, who have endured unprecedented demand for their services during the pandemic.
Black salve: risky escharotic
Authors: Rosario Natalie , Castro Juan F
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Black salve ointments are variable in their composition with no standard formula. Patient's may turn to unregulated products to self-treat their conditions. Products that are accessible without a prescription are not necessarily safe and may pose risk to those who use them, as in this case with the use of black salve ointment.

Methods

This case report discusses the use of black salve ointment on a nodular neck cyst in a 55-year-old Hispanic male patient. The patient applied the black salve ointment (Two Feathers Healing Ointment®) to the cyst, where the ointment remained in contact with his skin for seven days. He required oral antibiotics and was referred to wound care for follow up.

Discussion

After close follow up and treatment with antibiotics, the eschar healed and left a concave scar on his neck with no other observed complications.

Conclusion

Healthcare providers are encouraged to discuss complementary and alternative medicine options with patients as some may lead to dangerous effects.

Lay Summary

This is a case report about a 55 year old male patient who used an over the counter product called Black Salve to treat a cyst on his neck. He came to his primary care doctor's office for a usual checkup. Just before leaving his appointment, he mentioned a dark discolored area on his neck appeared after applying the black salve ointment. The black salve caused his skin to break down, get infected, and turn black. He was treated with antibiotics and close follow up care. After the wound healed, he was left with a scar on his neck from where the ointment broke down the skin. Since this product is available without a prescription, it is important that consumers know that it is not safe for use and may cause complications. If in doubt, ask a healthcare provider about a products risks before use.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Pacific Islander Doctors and Medical Students to Childhood Hearing Loss and Hearing Services: Results of a Structured Questionnaire Survey in SAMOA
Authors: Kaspar Annette , Pifeleti Sione , Driscoll Carlie , Potoi Belladonna , Amosa-Lei Sam Filipina
Published: September 2022

The Pacific Islands have among the highest global rates of childhood hearing loss in the world. Given the scarcity of ENT Specialists and audiologists in the region, the role of the wider health professional community in addressing preventable childhood hearing loss is crucial. A 10-item 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to medical officers and medical students in Samoa. The statements aimed to investigate knowledge and attitudes to childhood hearing loss and hearing services. Overall, 95.8% of participants selected “Disagree/Strongly Disagree” in response to the statement “Hearing loss is not that important because it does not kill.” There was good knowledge regarding early detection and intervention services for infant hearing assessments (73.6%) and amplification suitability for babies (69.4%-72.2%). Highest knowledge of causes of childhood sensorineural hearing loss was measured for neonatal meningitis/seizures (55.6%), followed by intra-uterine infections (52.8%), and aminoglycosides (52.8%). Knowledge was lowest for jaundice (33.3%) and birth asphyxia (38.9%).
Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fracture Using Uncemented Stems, a Single Center Study
Authors: Joseph Elias G , Krichmar Aleksandr , Haider Mohammad Nadir , Duquin Thomas R
Published: September 2022

Background

To evaluate the clinical, functional, radiographic, and survival outcomes in patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) with uncemented stem fixation for proximal humerus fractures.

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated a consecutive series of patients with proximal humerus fractures undergoing RSA. Clinical data, radiographs, and re-operation rates were reviewed in patients selected for uncemented stem fixation. The same parameters were compared to the remainder of the cohort undergoing cemented stem fixation.

Results

The uncemented group (n = 16, median total follow-up = 108 weeks) and cemented group (n = 12, median total follow-up = 223 weeks, p = 0.110) did not differ statistically in pre-operative demographic, post-operative outcomes or incidence of complications. Two patients (12.5%) in the uncemented group required a reoperation (Week 52 and 180) versus none in the cemented group.

Conclusion

Uncemented stem fixation in RSA for proximal humerus fractures does not yield worse results than cemented stem fixation in properly selected patients. Prospective non-inferiority trials comparing outcomes are recommended.
Five-Stranded Hamstring Tendon Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zacharias Anthony , Baer Geoffrey
Published: September 2022

Background:

Hamstring tendon (HT) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has shown equivalent graft failure rates to bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BTB) with decreased prevalence of anterior knee pain. It should be noted that young athletes, particularly females athletes, may have increased graft failure rates with HT versus BTB. Additionally, HT graft diameters <8 mm have shown worse patient-reported outcomes and higher graft failure rates. Five-strand HT autograft offers a method to increase graft size without utilization of allograft tissue or synthetic material.

Indications:

This presentation describes the technique for 5-strand HT autograft reconstruction of the ACL. Tips and tricks on graft prep, tunnel placement, tunnel depth, and avoiding pitfalls in surgery are provided.

Technique Description:

Gracilis and semitendinosus tendon harvest is performed through an L-shaped flap of sartorial fascia. If the 4-strand configuration is <8 mm, the semitendinosus is tripled for a 5-strand configuration. Graft is attached to a 15-mm fixed-length button construct for femoral fixation. The tibial tunnel is typically drilled with the guide through the accessory anteromedial portal. Independent femoral tunnel drilling is then performed via the accessory anteromedial tunnel with the knee in hyperflexion, using an offset guide to aid in tunnel placement. Femoral tunnel is initially reamed to depth of 25 mm and then drilled through the far cortex with a 4.5-mm drill to allow for suspensory fixation. Total length to the lateral cortex is measured and reaming of the tunnel is performed to achieve a 5- to 7-mm difference between total tunnel length to the lateral cortex and reamed tunnel length, assuring room for the button to flip on the femoral cortex. Tibial fixation is achieved by interference fixation versus tying the free suture limbs over a post with a washer.

Results:

Recent studies show the HT autograft to have similar re-rupture rates for ACL reconstruction compared with other autograft options. Additionally, this option has low donor-site morbidity and has demonstrated significant less anterior knee pain and kneeling pain postoperatively.

Discussion/Conclusion:

ACL reconstruction with 5-strand HT autograft has shown to be an effective method to increase the graft diameter with low rates of donor-site morbidity.
Patient perspectives on testing for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential
Authors: Sella Tal , Fell Geoffrey G. , Miller Peter G. , Gibson Christopher J. , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Snow Craig , Stover Daniel G. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Warner Ellen , Frank Elizabeth , Neuberg Donna S. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Partridge Ann H.
Published: September 2022

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), an emerging biomarker for personalized risk-directed interventions, is increased in cancer survivors. However, little is known about patient preferences for CHIP testing. We surveyed participants in a prospective cohort study of young women with breast cancer (BC). The emailed survey included an introduction to CHIP and a vignette eliciting participants’ preferences for CHIP testing, considering sequentially: population-based 10-year risk of BC recurrence, hematologic malignancy, and heart disease; increased CHIP-associated risks; current CHIP management; dedicated CHIP clinic; and hypothetical CHIP treatment. Preference changes were evaluated using the McNemar test. The survey response rate was 82.2% (528/642). Median age at time of survey was 46 years and median time from diagnosis was 108 months. Only 5.9% had prior knowledge of CHIP. After vignette presentation, most survivors (87.1%) recommended CHIP testing for the vignette patient. Presented next with CHIP-independent, population-based risks, 11.1% shifted their preference from testing to not testing. After receiving information about CHIP-associated risks, an additional 10.1% shifted their preference to testing. Preference for testing increased if vignette patient was offered a CHIP clinic or hypothetical CHIP treatment, with 7.2% and 14.1% switching preferences toward testing, respectively. Finally, 75.8% of participants desired CHIP testing for themselves. Among participants, 28.2% reported that learning about CHIP caused at least moderate anxiety. Most young survivors favored CHIP testing, with preferences influenced by risk presentation and potential management strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of risk communication and psychosocial support when considering biomarkers for future risk in cancer survivors. This trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01468246.
Assessment of factors and interventions towards therapeutic adherence among persons with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Thornton Christina S. , Somayaji Ranjani , Lim Rachel K.
Published: September 2022

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disease with substantial burden to both patients and healthcare systems. Persons with NCFB (pwNCFB) are often given complex acute and chronic treatment regimens consisting of medications, airway clearance techniques and exercise. Accordingly, the high burden in NCFB has contributed to lower therapy adherence, with estimates of 53% to medications, 41% to airway clearance and only 16% to all prescribed therapy. Consequent clinical outcomes from lower adherence include reduced quality of life, accelerated lung function decline and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of multifactorial mechanisms underpinning adherence in NCFB and evaluate the available evidence towards interventions to improve uptake of therapy as demonstrated in other chronic respiratory diseases. A holistic approach, starting with a careful review of patient adherence at regular intervals, may increase the success of multidimensional therapeutic interventions in pwNCFB, but robust ongoing studies are an area of need in this population.
Perinatal depression and its impact on infant outcomes and maternal-nurse SMS communication in a cohort of Kenyan women
Authors: Hummel Alyssa D. , Ronen Keshet , Bhat Amritha , Wandika Brenda , Choo Esther M. , Osborn Lusi , Batra Maneesh , Kinuthia John , Kumar Manasi , Unger Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Perinatal depression is broadly defined as depressive symptoms during pregnancy or within the 12 months following delivery, affecting approximately 20–25% of pregnant and postpartum women in low- and middle-income countries. The wide accessibility of mobile phones allows mobile health (mHealth) interventions to be considered a solution to identify perinatal depression and provide appropriate referrals for treatment. This study, nested in a larger SMS communication project, examined the prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression, determined the association between antenatal depression and infant morbidity and mortality, and compared SMS communication patterns between women with and without perinatal depression.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women seeking antenatal services at two public sector health clinics in Kenya. SMS messages were sent to participants with educational content related to their pregnancy and infant health and two-way SMS communication occurred with a nurse. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, SMS messaging behaviors, infant health status, and depressive symptoms were assessed by a standardized questionnaire administered at enrollment (30–36 weeks gestation) and follow-up (14 weeks postpartum). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) with Poisson link was used to evaluate correlates of perinatal depressive symptoms, infant outcomes, and frequency of SMS messaging.

Results

Of the 572 women with complete follow-up information, 188 (32.9%) screened positive for elevated depressive symptoms (≥10 by EPDS scale) at some time point during pregnancy or postpartum. The strongest predictors of any depressive symptoms included interpersonal abuse during pregnancy, fewer years of schooling, and maternal unemployment. Antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of infant illness or hospitalization (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.13). Women with antenatal or persistent perinatal depressive symptoms sent fewer SMS messages during the study period than their counterparts without depression.

Conclusions

Prevalence of elevated perinatal depressive symptoms was high in this cohort of Kenyan women. Our findings highlight the importance of screening perinatal women for experiences of symptoms of depression as well as abuse. Differences in messaging frequency between women with vs. without depressive symptoms presents an opportunity to provide more tailored support for those perinatal depression.