bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptotrichia species Bacteremia in Hematological Malignancies
Authors: HİLT Evann E. , FERRİERİ Patricia
Published: September 2022

Here we present four clinical cases of immunocompromised patients experiencing bacteremia caused by Leptotrichia species in a few months with no common epidemiological link. Leptotrichia species are thin anaerobic gram-negative rods that inhabit multiple areas in the human body, including the oral microbiota. Many infections with Leptotrichia species occur in immunocompromised individuals classifying Leptotrichia species as opportunistic pathogens. Utilization of standard microbial identification methods of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) initially yielded the same identification for all four Leptotrichia isolates as Leptotrichia buccalis. However, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing confirmed the identification of only one of the four isolates as L. buccalis, while two of the four isolates were identified as Leptotrichia trevisanii. These four cases highlight the clinical importance of considering opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients with unusual organisms considered members of the normal oral flora. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(3):130-135.
Nosocomial antibiotic strain resistance
Authors: Ćirković Ivana , Švabić-Vlahović Milena
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism to acquire resistance to various antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungals and antiparasitic drugs). The greatest attention of the world public in the previous decades was on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, and the forecast for the next decades that we will "wear out the existing antibiotics" and return to the pre-antibiotic era. Excessive use or abuse of antibiotics is associated with the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria, making treatment ineffective and posing a serious risk to public health. Only a multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach to this problem, primarily bringing antibiotic consumption under control in all branches of medicine and veterinary medicine, can prevent catastrophic consequences and preserve antibiotics for future generations.
Examining pupils' attitudes toward mathematics as a result of cooperative learning
Authors: Kovács Elvira , Námesztovszki Zsolt , Major Lenke , Glušac Dragana
Published: September 2022

Examining both the international literature and Serbian studies, it can be stated that mathematics is one of the most unpopular subjects among pupils. Instead, maths education should focus on developing mathematical thinking, modeling and problem solving, as these are indispensable. Innovation of the educational process is a continuous challenge for educators, as is the integration of various teaching strategies, groupwork forms and learning methods into their daily classes. Numerous international studies have confirmed the effectiveness of cooperative learning in education. The aim of this research is to examine whether pupils' attitudes towards mathematics change as a result of cooperative learning, and whether students' attitudes regarding cooperation improve. The results reveal that cooperative learning has a positive influence on pupils' cooperation skills and attitude towards mathematics.
The application of video conferencing in Hungarian prisons
Authors: Juhász Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2022

The application of the different solutions of video communication are getting more and more popular in the field of criminal justice. Video conferencing technology can be used for legal proceedings that would otherwise require transporting the prisoner and utilizing other staff resources. The purpose of the present study is to briefly introduce video conferencing and its effect on the prison environment.
Restrictions on property rights on immovable cultural heritage
Authors: Čelić Duško
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the specific legal nature of cultural goods and, from that aspect, the specific and numerous restrictions on property rights. As a special kind of object, which have special quality, functions and purpose in society, cultural goods are the object of a special property law arrangement. Such, especially property related regulation, in the case of cultural goods, is the result of the coexistence of individual ("private") and public (social) interest in preserving cultural heritage as a general good of society. Restrictions on property rights on immovable cultural heritage, represent a specific concretization of the social attachment of property rights. As the main source of cultural property rights in the Republic of Serbia, the Law on Cultural Heritage, passed more than a quarter of a century ago, regulates the area of property rights on cultural goods incompletely and imprecisely, even in conflict with later regulations, the Constitution and the Law on Public Property. Numerous provisions on the rights and obligations of the owners of immovable cultural property are incomplete and imprecise and guarantees of property rights are insufficient. The paper also raises the issue of cultural property rights and property restrictions on immovable cultural heritage, which are at the same time worship temples, whose owners and users are churches and religious organizations (res sacrae). It is necessary to adjust the property restrictions of the owners of these immovable cultural heritage, to the specific needs of churches and religious organizations, as well as to further limit the possibility of encroachment on the right of ownership by public authorities.
Changing challenges and crisis management methods within a stable rule of Law: Hungary's constitutional response to the challenges of the 21st century
Authors: Šimičko Ištvano
Published: September 2022

The defence and security of Hungary is a national matter, on which the survival and development of the nation, the community and individual rights are based. It is a priority objective to enhance the security of the country and the nation and to fulfil Hungary's obligations in the international alliance system. In view of this, the continuous functioning of the State organisation, the performance of security and defence tasks and, if necessary, the restriction of citizens' rights within the constitutional framework must be ensured with adequate operational efficiency and in full compliance with the guarantees of the rule of law, even in the context of the peacetime and special legal order periods defined in Fundamental Law, and in the course of coordinated preparation and defence against various threats, harmful, influencing and offensive behaviour based on natural and civilizational events and human actions. The security challenges of the 21st century and the rapidly changing environment call for a new regulatory framework that can provide a flexible, transparent way in which defence and security system can operate in peacetime and in times of special legal order. A framework for the preparation of state bodies needs to be provided and measures along which the competent bodies can act in a period of special legal order need to be defined in detail, so that the country's functioning and its legal order can return to normal as soon as possible after the reason of the special legal order has been lifted. It is an important pillar of stability of a democratic state that the freely elected legislature, Parliament, determines the content and the form of cases in which it is possible to derogate from the general rules. There are different types of special status, so the concentration of power should be implemented only to the extent strictly necessary to resolve the situation, in accordance with the principle of proportionality. The institutions of special legal order are therefore institutions of a temporary and urgent nature which can be deployed as ultima ratio of state instruments in a situation of necessity, provided that their constitutional conditions are met.
Producer's direct liability for non-conformity in European and Serbian law
Authors: Dudaš Atila
Published: September 2022

According to the Directive 1999/44/EC on certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees the seller is solely responsible for non-conformity. The majority opinion was that there was no need to establish producer's direct liability by the legislation of the EU. However, due to its minimalistic legislative approach, the Directive enables Member states to maintain or introduce more stringent rules in order to achieve higher level of consumer protection, including rules on producer's direct liability for non-conformity. A relatively smaller number of member states used this opportunity to maintain or introduce regulation on producer's direct (or subsidiary) liability for non-conformity. Producer's direct liability is not envisaged by the new Directive (EU) 2019/771 either. In the Serbian law the Consumer Protection Act from 2010 envisaged producer's subsidiary liability for non-conformity. The Act from 2014 replaced this with the rule on the seller's right to claim redress from the producer in the distribution chain for the obligations performed towards the consumers on the grounds of non-conformity. This approach is supported in the new Act from 2021. The lack of the producer's direct or subsidiary liability puts the consumer in a precarious position in which he or she may not enforce the rights based on non-conformity, if the seller had ceased to exist or had become insolvent, especially taking into account that as of 2005, the producer's guarantee became voluntary. Such a state of regulation may be considered inappropriate. In this paper a proposal is made to (re)introduce the producer's compulsory guarantee for technical goods, supplemented by producer's subsidiary liability for non-conformity. As an argument in favor of the proposal the example of the Hungarian law may be posed, in which the producer's compulsory guarantee and the producer's (direct) liability for non-conformity exist in parallel and well-synchronized. Both the producer's compulsory guarantee and their subsidiary liability for non-conformity should be limited to defects and other causes of non-conformity that fall within the producer's sphere of control. Similarly to the Hungarian law, the producer's liability should be limited to repair or replacement of the defective or non-conforming product, which are the consumer's primary remedies.
Freedom of expression, strong language and public servants
Authors: Đajić Sanja
Published: September 2022

The aim of this contribution is to examine the scope of the freedom of expression of private persons in their encounters with public servants while the latter is on duty. Such situations are bound to happen quite often, sometimes accompanied with intemperance and strong language, so the relevance of the application of human rights to these encounters could potentially be significant. Discussion will be presented against the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in order to assess whether and to what extent freedom of expression protects against public servants. Given the tendency of the Court to set different scrutiny tests for different categories of expression, and to contextualize expressions and limitations imposed, the ambition of this contribution is to establish whether the Court has distilled a special set of rules for the use of strong language against civil servants while performing public duties. While a regular balancing exercise can include a variety of legitimate interests that potentially can limit freedom of expression, one particular interest will be singled out, that is the right to privacy of public servants and how the balancing of the right to the reputation of public servants with the freedom of expression of private persons can play out.
La gestión social en rehabilitación. Un enfoque emergente en salud pública para la fisioterapia
Authors: Camargo Rojas Daiana Alexandra , García-Sánchez Lilia Virginia , Martínez-Matheus Margin del Socorro , Díaz Muñoz María Fernanda
Published: September 2022

La gestión social ha sido asumida por el grupo de investigación Ciencias de la Rehabilitación como un proceso de acciones y toma de decisiones que hay que recorrer desde el abordaje de un problema, su estudio y comprensión, hasta el diseño y la implementación de propuestas, acordes con las realidades de los contextos (Cruz; Hernández; Ríos; Garzón, Álvarez, 2009). Dicho proceso requiere del aprendizaje continuo y en conjunto de los grupos sociales, que les permita tener una incidencia política; en definitiva la gestión social es una estrategia política que articule a la sociedad civil con el estado y con las instituciones, para la transformación de realidades. Esta estrategia incorporada en los programas de fisioterapia, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional de la Universidad del Rosario como una de las áreas de profundización, ha sido fundamentada y actualizada de acuerdo a los cambios sociales, políticos e investigativos, que afectan su conceptualización. Por ello, esta obra busca conceptualizar el área de profundización en gestión social en rehabilitación, específicamente desde el programa de fisioterapia, reconociendo los avances epistemológicos y praxiológicos y permitiendo un dialogo entre el concepto propiamente dicho, las nociones de salud pública, las competencias y estrategias pedagógicas para la formación en el área y el enfoque investigativo.
Theoretical analysis of tunable double plasmon induced transparency in three-ellipse-shaped resonator coupled waveguide
Authors: Gu Xin , Zhang Hui-Fang , Li Ming-Yu , Chen Jun-Ya , He Ying ,   Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: September 2022

The tunable double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects are investigated in a waveguide coupled by the three ellipse-shaped resonators. By the finite element method, we study the influences of coupling modes of the three ellipse-shaped resonators, waveguide structure parameters and the refractive indices of dielectric in three ellipse-shaped resonators on double PIT effects. The waveguide structure consists of three ellipse-shaped resonators, and is similar to a four-level structure of the atomic system. The bottom ellipse-shaped resonator can be named a bright mode, the middle and top ellipse-shaped resonators each can be seen as a dark mode. In order to obtain an ideal double PIT transparency window, we also numerically analyze the optical transmission characteristics of structures of several three-ellipse-shaped resonator coupled waveguides. Furthermore, we mainly discuss the transmission spectra in the better three-ellipse-shaped resonator coupled waveguide structure as a function of the radii of the long axis in ellipse-shaped resonators, the coupling distance between the bottom ellipse-shaped resonator and the bus waveguide, the coupling distance between ellipse-shaped resonators, and the symmetry broken degree. In addition, we also consider the effect of the refractive indices of dielectric in three ellipse-shaped resonators on double PIT spectra. It is found that the transmission spectra in the three-ellipse-shaped resonator coupled waveguide have obvious red shift when the refractive indices of dielectric in the three ellipse-shaped resonators increase. All the simulation results may provide the theoretical basis for the potential application of multiple PIT in plasma switches and sensors.
7-Dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols cause neurogenic defects in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Authors: Tomita Hideaki , Hines Kelly M , Herron Josi M , Li Amy , Baggett David W , Xu Libin
Published: September 2022

Defective 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ7 -reductase (DHCR7) in the developmental disorder, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), results in a deficiency in cholesterol and accumulation of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Here, we show that loss of DHCR7 causes accumulation of 7-DHC-derived oxysterol metabolites, premature neurogenesis from murine or human cortical neural precursors, and depletion of the cortical precursor pool, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that a major oxysterol, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), mediates these effects by initiating crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and neurotrophin receptor kinase TrkB. Either loss of DHCR7 or direct exposure to DHCEO causes hyperactivation of GR and TrkB and their downstream MEK-ERK-C/EBP signaling pathway in cortical neural precursors. Moreover, direct inhibition of GR activation with an antagonist or inhibition of DHCEO accumulation with antioxidants rescues the premature neurogenesis phenotype caused by the loss of DHCR7. These results suggest that GR could be a new therapeutic target against the neurological defects observed in SLOS.
Molecular and behavioral studies reveal differences in olfaction between winter and summer morphs of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Schwanitz Timothy W. , Polashock James J. , Stockton Dara G. , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar , Sotomayor Diego , Loeb Greg , Hawkings Chloe
Published: September 2022

Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a major economic pest of several fruit crops in Europe, North and South America, and other parts of the world because it oviposits in ripening thin-skinned fruits. This vinegar fly exhibits two distinct morphotypes: a summer and a winter morph. Although adaptations associated with the winter morph enhance this invasive pest’s capacity to survive in cold climates, winter is still a natural population bottleneck. Since monitoring early spring populations is important for accurate population forecasts, understanding the winter morph’s response to olfactory cues may improve current D. suzukii management programs. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to assess gene expression differences between the female heads of the two D. suzukii morphs, which showed significant differences in 738 genes (p ≤ 0.0001). Out of twelve genes related to olfaction determined to be differentially expressed in the transcriptome, i.e., those related to location of food sources, chemosensory abilities, and mating behavior, nine genes were upregulated in the winter morph while three were downregulated. Three candidate olfactory-related genes that were most upregulated or downregulated in the winter morph were further validated using RT-qPCR. In addition, behavioral assays were performed at a range of temperatures to confirm a differing behavioral response of the two morphs to food odors. Our behavioral assays showed that, although winter morphs were more active at lower temperatures, the summer morphs were generally more attracted to food odors. This study provides new insights into the molecular and behavioral differences in response to olfactory cues between the two D. suzukii morphs that will assist in formulating more effective monitoring and physiological-based control tools.
Assembling microbial communities: a genomic analysis of a natural experiment in neotropical bamboo internodes
Authors: Ahluwalia Sonia , Holmes Iris , von May Rudolf , Rabosky Daniel L. , Davis Rabosky Alison R.
Published: September 2022

Microbes participate in ecological communities, much like multicellular organisms. However, microbial communities lack the centuries of observation and theory describing and predicting ecological processes available for multicellular organisms. Here, we examine early bacterial community assembly in the water-filled internodes of Amazonian bamboos from the genus Guadua. Bamboo stands form distinct habitat patches within the lowland Amazonian rainforest and provide habitat for a suite of vertebrate and invertebrate species. Guadua bamboos develop sealed, water-filled internodes as they grow. Internodes are presumed sterile or near sterile while closed, but most are eventually opened to the environment by animals, after which they are colonized by microbes. We find that microbial community diversity increases sharply over the first few days of environmental exposure, and taxonomic identity of the microbes changes through this time period as is predicted for early community assembly in macroscopic communities. Microbial community taxonomic turnover is consistent at the bacteria phylum level, but at the level of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), internode communities become increasingly differentiated through time. We argue that these tropical bamboos form an ideal study system for microbial community ecology due to their near-sterile condition prior to opening, relatively consistent environment after opening, and functionally limitless possibilities for replicates. Given the possible importance of opened internode habitats as locations of transmission for both pathogenic and beneficial microbes among animals, understanding the microbial dynamics of the internode habitat is a key conservation concern for the insect and amphibian species that use this microhabitat.
Simulating physiological flexibility in the acute glucocorticoid response to stressors reveals limitations of current empirical approaches
Authors: Taff Conor
Published: September 2022

Wild animals often experience unpredictable challenges that demand rapid and flexible responses. The glucocorticoid mediated stress response is one of the major systems that allows vertebrates to rapidly adjust their physiology and behavior. Given its role in responding to challenges, evolutionary physiologists have focused on the consequences of between-individual and, more recently, within-individual variation in the acute glucocorticoid response. However, empirical studies of physiological flexibility are severely limited by the logistical challenges of measuring the same animal multiple times. Data simulation is a powerful approach when empirical data are limited, but has not been adopted to date in studies of physiological flexibility. In this article, I develop a simulation that can generate realistic acute glucocorticoid response data with user specified characteristics. Simulated animals can be sampled continuously through an acute response and across as many separate responses as desired, while varying key parameters. Using the simulation, I develop several scenarios that address key questions in physiological flexibility. These scenarios demonstrate the conditions under which a single glucocorticoid trait can be accurately assessed with typical experimental designs, the consequences of covariation between different components of the acute stress response, and the way that context specific differences in variability of acute responses can influence the power to detect relationships between the strength of the acute stress response and fitness. I also describe how to use the simulation tools to aid in the design and evaluation of empirical studies of physiological flexibility.
Sophocarpine inhibits tumor progression by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Weng Min , Shi Chenghao , Han Hui , Zhu Hengyue , Xiao Yanyi , Guo Hangcheng , Yu Zhixian , Wu Cunzao
Published: September 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sophocarpine on the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

DU145 and PC3 cells (two CRPC cell lines), incubated with different concentrations of sophocarpine, were used. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, real-time cellular analysis, and colony formation assay were conducted to evaluate the proliferation of CRPC cells. Cytometry flow analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptosis rate of CRPC cells. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were performed and the levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were determined to analyze cell migration and invasion abilities. A xenografted tumor model of nude mice was used to examine the anti-cancer effect of sophocarpine on CRPC. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the activities of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway both in cells and tumor tissues.

Results

In vitro tests showed that sophocarpine suppressed the proliferation of CRPC cells, reduced the migration and invasion abilities, and increased the apoptosis rate. In vivo, sophocarpine decreased the weight and volume of tumor tissues. Mechanically, sophocarpine exerted its anti-cancer effects by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.

Conclusion

Sophocarpine inhibited the progression of CRPC by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and showed a potential to be an anti-cancer agent against CRPC.
Dispersión y transporte de propágulos micorrícicos en el bosque seco tropical
Authors: Naranjo-Morán Jaime A. , Vera-Morales Marcos , Barcos-Arias Milton S. , Oviedo-Anchundia Rodrigo J. , Sánchez-Rendón Vanessa E. , Pino-Acosta Andrea Y.
Published: September 2022

Los animales son un factor importante en la dispersión de propágulos de los hongos formadores de micorrizas en los ecosistemas de bosque seco tropical. En la presente revisión bibliográfica, se hace énfasis en las diferentes formas de dispersión que pueden realizar los animales por medio de la ingesta o adherencia a estructuras externas para dispersar los propágulos de micorrizas tanto horizontal como verticalmente. La mayoría de las publicaciones provienen de estudios realizados en diversos ecosistemas (tundra, selva, sabanas y praderas), sin embargo, en esta revisión se puso especial énfasis en los estudios que reportan aquellos grupos de organismos que se encuentran en el ecosistema de bosque seco tropical. En el caso de los invertebrados, se evidencia el potencial de dispersión de los hongos micorrícicos en los diferentes estadios de desarrollo de los animales, así como por su movilidad en actividades realizadas para su alimentación y construcción de madrigueras. La dispersión efectiva de hongos micorrícicos se efectúa especialmente por medio de colémbolos, ácaros, lombrices de tierra, nemátodos, hormigas, isópodos, diplópodos, crustáceos, dípteros, avispas, escarabajos y saltamontes. La dispersión fúngica también puede verse favorecida por diferentes grupos de vertebrados, como los mamíferos, aves, reptiles y anfibios. Destacándose principalmente los roedores y las aves, quienes dispersan hongos micorrícicos a largas distancias por el consumo de propágulos adheridos a sus alimentos y estructuras externas. La literatura evidencia la importancia de la fauna en la dispersión de hongos micorrícicos en los ecosistemas de bosque seco. La presente revisión promueve la disminución de las brechas de conocimientos en torno a la dispersión de estructuras fúngicas, dinámicas especializadas y funcionamiento espacial del ecosistema.
Effect of Hypothyroidism on Menstrual Cycle Pattern and Fertility at a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Yatish Byndoor , Kachhawa Kamal , Sagar Tamilisetti Vidya , Kumar Sanjay , Rath Bhabagrahi , Mahapatra Susanta Kumar
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are very common in females and are known to prevent ovulation. Thyroid disorders can impact menstrual cycles and causes menstrual irregularities and infertility in females. Aim: To determine effects of hypothyroidism on menstrual cycle pattern and prevalence of subfertility among women having thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with Department of Endocrinology in Government Medical College, Datia Madhya Pradesh, India from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 205 patients aged 18-45 years were taken. Among them, 116 and 89 patients were of hypothyroid and euthyroid respectively. After properly selecting patients, detailed history of their menstrual cycles was taken and effect of thyroid dysfunction on menstrual irregularities was assessed. The collected data were evaluated and analyzed using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 205 patients participated in present study. Mean age was 35+/-5 years. Among 205 subjects, 116 were hypothyroid and 89 were euthyroid. Among the hypothyroid subjects, 72 (62.1%) had normal menstrual cycles, 23 (19.8%) had history of oligomenorrhea, 12 (10.3%) had polymenorrhea, and 9 (7.7%) had amenorrhea, while among the thyroid subjects, 76 (85.4%) had normal menstrual cycle, 6 (6.7%) had oligomenorrhea, 5 (5.6%) had polymenorrhea, and 2 (2.2%) had amenorrhea, with statistically significant differences (p<0.001). The proportions of primary 13 (11.2%) and secondary 9 (7.7%) subfertility were significantly higher among hypothyroid subjects compared with thyroid subjects (p<0.05). The prevalence of subfertility was 7 (7.8%), 10 (14.28%), and 12 (26.08%) among the thyroid, overtly hypothyroid, and subclinical hypothyroid subjects, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, effects of thyroid dysfunction were presumably significant on menstrual cycle pattern and fertility; therefore, thyroid status should be assessed in all patients with menstrual disorders and appropriate treatment should be initiated early.
Vaccine Situation of Children Registered in Family Health Teams / Situação Vacinal de Crianças Cadastradas em Equipes de Saúde da Família
Authors: Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Soares Anniely Rodrigues , Da Silva Bezerra Iolanda Carlli , Bezerra Pedrosa Rafaella Karolina , Beltrão Lucena de França Daniele , De Souza Vieira Daniele
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: analisar a situação vacinal de crianças menores de três anos, cadastradas em Equipes de Saúde da Família. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, com 424 cadernetas de crianças menores de três anos. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e novembro de 2019, com o auxílio de um instrumento elaborado conforme Caderneta da Criança, e analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: 295 (69,6%) cadernetas estavam atualizadas conforme idade da criança, com maior porcentagem de atraso 58 (40%) nas cadernetas de crianças entre 12 e 23 meses. As vacinas mais registradas foram BCG e Hepatite B. Crianças do sexo masculino e entre 12 e 23 meses apresentaram associação significante com atualização vacinal. Conclusão: a cobertura vacinal está abaixo do recomendado, sendo necessárias campanhas de orientação a população para melhor adesão as vacinas e busca ativa de crianças com atraso vacinal.
A voz em “porte (a) faux”: uma nota desafinada do olhar
Authors: Gillie Claire , Mattos-Avril Renata
Published: September 2022

A voz do neurótico caminha em porte-à-faux na corda bamba do sintoma. O psicótico, por sua vez, se acoplará ao chamado do Outro e as vozes alucinadas deste, ele as tornará suas. Entre o neurótico e seu objeto a, a punção da fantasia. Entre o psicótico e seu objeto a, um punho-som que, através da alucinação, esmaga o objeto a em seu bolso. Tanto para o neurótico quanto para o psicótico, a relação com o objeto o faz avançar tal qual um equilibrista em porte-à-faux, que escreveremos doravante como porte(a)faux. Corpo herético a ele mesmo e à cultura, o que ele dá a ouvir deste real da voz?

Permitimo-nos aprender com a personagem de Marguerite, Diva de pacotilha cantando magistralmente desafinado, e nos interrogamos sobre este ponto de suporte que ela busca no olhar do outro, até recolocar sua voz no caminho da afinação, o que nos lembra o que Lacan diz no seminário O Sinthoma: “Em que a arte, o artesanato, pode desfazer, se assim posso dizer, o que se impõe do sintoma? A saber, a verdade”.
Purification of a 32.5 kDa monomeric sulfotransferase from rat liver with activity for bile acids and phenolic steroids
Authors: Takikawa Hajime , Stolz Andrew , Kaplowitz Neil
Published: July 2002

Both bile acid and phenolic steroid sulfotransferase activities in rat liver cytosol have previously been identified in fractions corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 60–70 and 30–35 kDa. We purified the latter activity corresponding to a monomeric protein. Activity for bile acids and phenolic steroids co‐eluted on sequential chromatography on Sephadex G‐75 sf, Affigel blue, chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite. The protein was homogeneous on SDS‐PAGE (32.5 kDa).
The N‐terminus of amine oxidase of Hansenula polymorpha contains a peroxisomal targeting signal
Authors: Faber Klaas Nico , Keizer-Gunnink Ineke , Pluim Dick , Harder Wim , Geert AB , Veenhuis Marten
Published: July 2002

Here we describe the identification of the targeting sequence of peroxisomal amine oxidase (AMO) of H. polymorpha. Deletion analysis revealed that essential targeting information is located within the extreme N‐terminal 16 amino acids. Moreover, this sequence can direct a reporter protein to the peroxisomal matrix of H. polymorpha. The N‐terminal 16 amino acids of AMO contain a sequence with strong homology to the conserved PTS2 sequence. Therefore, AMO is considered to be a PTS2 protein.
Electrochemical study of the redox properties of [2Fe‐2S] ferredoxins Evidence for superreduction of the Rieske [2Fe‐2S] cluster
Authors: Verhagen Marc F.J.M , Link Thomas A , Hagen Wilfred R
Published: July 2002

Direct, unmediated electrochemistry has been used to compare the redox properties of [2Fe‐2S] clusters in spinach ferredoxin, Spirulina platensis ferredoxin and the water soluble fragment of the Rieske protein. The use of electrochemistry enabled, for the first time, the observation of the second reduction step, [Fe(III),Fe(II)] to [Fe(II),Fe(II)], in a biological [2Fe‐2S] system. A water‐soluble fragment of the Rieske protein from bovine heart bc
1 complex exhibits two subsequent quasi‐reversible responses in cyclic voltammetry on activated glassy carbon. In contrast the ferredoxins from spinach and Spirulina platensis only show one single reduction potential. These results support a seniority scheme for biological iron‐sulfur clusters relating cluster size to electron transfer versatility. Electrochemical reduction of spinach ferredoxin in the presence of NADP+ and ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase results in the generation of NADPH. The second order rate constant for the reaction between the ferredoxin and the reductase was estimated from cyclic voltammetry experiments to be >3 · 105 M−1 · s−1.
The highly conserved defender against the death 1 (DAD1) gene maps to human chromosome 14q11–q12 and mouse chromosome 14 and has plant and nematode homologs
Authors: Apte Suneel S. , Mattei Marie-Genevieve , Seldin Michael F. , Olsen Bjorn R.
Published: July 2002

We have cloned the cDNA encoding the mouse DAD1 (defender against apoptotic cell death) protein. While showing an expected high homology with the previously cloned human and Xenopus DAD1‐encoding cDNAs, this sequence has striking homology to partial cDNA sequences reported from O. sativa (rice) and C. elegans (nematode), suggesting the existence of plant and invertebrate homologs of this highly conserved gene. The human and mouse DAD1 genes map to chromosome 14q11–q12 and chromosome 14, respectively. This mapping data supports and extends the previously reported similarities between human chromosome 14q and mouse chromosome 14.
Structural requirements for oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein by thiols
Authors: Wood Jenny L. , Graham Annette
Published: July 2002

Oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) by macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, may be mediated by production of free thiols in the presence of transition metals. We examined the structural requirements, within a series of cysteinyl derivatives, for oxidation of thiols and of LDL in Hams F10 medium. The primary mechanism by which such thiols mediate oxidation of LDL is largely independent of superoxide production, but strongly correlated with the susceptibility of each thiol to iron‐catalysed auto‐oxidation. These effects are compared and contrasted with thiol‐dependent oxidation of LDL by stimulated human monocytes and macrophages.
Monomeric human cathepsin E
Authors: Fowler Sylvia D. , Kay John , Dunn Ben M. , Tatnell Peter J.
Published: July 2002

Cathepsin E is a homodimer, consisting of two monomers linked by an inter‐molecular disulphide bond. The cysteine residue involved is located near to the N‐terminus of the mature proteinase. By mutating this residue to alanine, a monomeric form of human cathepsin E was engineered and purified. The activity of the resultant enzyme was not altered significantly (in terms of its ability to hydrolyse two chromogenic peptide substrates; and its susceptibility to inhibition by pepstatin). However, the stability of the mutant enzyme to alkaline pH and to temperature was markedly reduced.
Selective preservation of protein kinase C‐ζ in the chemoprevention of azoxymethane‐induced colonic tumors by piroxicam
Authors: Roy Hemant K. , Bissonnette Marc , Frawley Brendan P. , Wali Ramesh K. , Niedziela Sharon M. , Earnest David , Brasitus Thomas A.
Published: July 2002

While nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have been shown to exert preventive effects against the development of colonic tumors in humans and in chemically‐induced tumors in animal models, the mechanism(s) involved in this phenomenon is unclear. We have recently demonstrated that one such agent, piroxicam, when supplemented (75 ppm) in the diets of rats administered azoxymethane, reduced the incidence of rats bearing tumors. To date, the effects of piroxicam on protein kinase C, a family of serine/threonine kinases which may be intimately involved in the colonic malignant transformation process, have not been examined. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether piroxicam altered the expression of one or more isoforms of this kinase in these tumors. The present studies demonstrate that dietary piroxicam selectively preserved the expression of protein kinase C‐ζ in azoxymethane‐induced tumors; suggesting that this is at least one mechanism involved in this agent's chemopreventive actions in this organ.
Structural analysis of recombinant von Willebrand factor produced at industrial scale fermentation of transformed CHO cells co‐expressing recombinant furin
Authors: Fischer Bernhard E. , Schlokat Uwe , Mitterer Artur , Reiter Manfred , Mundt Wolfgang , Turecek Peter L. , Schwarz Hans P. , Dorner Friedrich
Published: July 2002

Thorough analysis of multimer composition and molecular structure of recombinant von Willebrand factor (r‐vWF) produced by recombinant CHO cells demonstrated r‐vWF to be more intact and less proteolytically degraded than plasma‐derived vWF (pd‐vWF) [B. Fischer et al. (1994) FEBS Lett. 351, 345–348]. In contrast to pd‐vWF, r‐vWF preparations consisted of pro‐vWF (vWF containing covalently attached propeptide) as well as mature vWF subunits forming homo‐ and hetero‐multimers. In order to ensure complete propeptide processing, a r‐vWF‐producing CHO cell clone was transfected with the cDNA of the human propeptide processing enzyme Furin. A r‐vWF/r‐Furin co‐expressing cell clone was cultivated at industrial scale in high cell density perfusion fermenters. r‐vWF obtained from these cells was fully processed. Analysis of r‐vWF by multimer analysis revealed a multimer pattern equal in number of high molecular weight multimer to pd‐vWF, but absence of satellite bands. Two‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of both the primary dimer and the complete multimer pattern of r‐vWF showed that the recombinant coagulation factor was composed exclusively of intact and mature subunits. Since the triplet structure typical to pd‐vWF is known to reflect proteolytic degradation, r‐vWF thus exhibits an integrity far superior compared to pd‐vWF.
Ultrasonographic appearance of fallopian tube carcinoma
Authors: Ekici E. , Vicdan K. , Danisman N. , Soysal M. Emin , Çobanoǧlu Ö. , Gökmen O.
Published: July 2002

Preoperative diagnosis of tubal carcinoma is difficult and a diagnosis cannot usually be established until the time of operation. However, since prognosis is strictly related to the stage of the neoplasm, it is very important to be familiar with the clinical and imaging characteristics of primary fallopian tube carcinoma in order to make an early and accurate diagnosis. This report presents the ultrasonographic features of three cases of fallopian tube carcinoma and reviews the literature on the subject.
Menopausal genuine stress urinary incontinence treated with conjugated estrogens plus progestogens
Authors: Sartori M.G.F. , Baracat E.C. , Girão M.J.B.C. , Gonçalves W.J. , Sartori J.P. , de Lima G. Rodrigues
Published: July 2002

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate clinically and urodynamically the effects of hormonal replacement in the treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal females. Methods: Clinical and urodynamic variables of 30 postmenopausal women with genuine stress urinary incontinence were evaluated after 3 months' treatment with conjugated estrogens plus progestogens. Urodynamic evaluations were performed in all patients before and after treatment. Results: Forty‐six percent of the patients treated medically were judged to be cured and 43% were judged to be markedly improved. Maximum urethral closure pressure, maximum cystometric capacity and mean flow were significantly increased. Residual urine and diurnal and nocturnal voluntary micturition were markedly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that hormone replacement in the form of conjugated estrogens plus progestogens results in the clinical and urodynamic improvement of genuine stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.
Sterol metabolism and ERG2 gene regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Soustre Isabelle , Dupuy Pascal-Henry , Silve Sandra , Karst Francis , Loison Gérard
Published: July 2002

Certain exogenously‐supplied sterols, like ergost‐8‐enol, are efficiently converted into ergosterol in yeast. We have taken advantage of this property to study the regulation of the Δ8‐Δ7‐sterol isomerase‐encoding ERG2 gene in an ergosterol auxotrophic mutant devoid of squalene‐synthase activity. Ergosterol starvation leads to an 8–16‐fold increase in ERG2 gene expression. Such an increase was also observed in wild‐type cells either grown anaerobically or treated with SR31747A a sterol isomerase inhibitor. Exogenously‐supplied zymosterol is entirely transformed into ergosterol, which represses ERG2 transcription. By contrast, exogenously‐supplied ergosterol has little or no effect on ERG2 transcription.
Rat RAMP domains involved in adrenomedullin binding specificity
Authors: Kuwasako Kenji , Kitamura Kazuo , Onitsuka Hisamitsu , Uemura Tomohiko , Nagoshi Yasuko , Kato Johji , Eto Tanenao
Published: July 2002

When coexpressed with receptor activity‐modifying protein (RAMP)2 or ‐3, calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CRLR) functions as an adrenomedullin (AM) receptor (CRLR/RAMP2 or ‐3). Coexpression of rat (r)CRLR with rRAMP deletion mutants in HEK293T cells revealed that deletion of residues 93–99 from rRAMP2 or residues 58–64 from rRAMP3 significantly inhibits high‐affinity [125I]AM binding and AM‐evoked cAMP production, despite full cell surface expression of the receptor heterodimer. Apparently, these two seven‐residue segments are key determinants of high‐affinity agonist binding to rAM receptors and of receptor functionality. Consequently, their deletion yields peptides that are able to serve as negative regulators of AM receptor function.
The binding of tyrosine hydroxylase to negatively charged lipid bilayers involves the N‐terminal region of the enzyme
Authors: Thórólfsson Matthı́as , Døskeland Anne P. , Muga Arturo , Martı́nez Aurora
Published: July 2002

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines. We have studied the association of recombinant human TH with model membranes by using either liposomes or silica gel beads coated with single phospholipid bilayers (TRANSIL®). The use of TRANSIL beads has allowed the determination of apparent dissociation constants (K
d) for the binding of the enzyme to negatively charged bilayers (K
d=230–380 μM, at pH 6.0–7.0). Binding to the bilayers is accompanied by a decrease in enzyme activity. Proteolysed forms of the enzyme show decreased binding affinity and two putative amphipathic N‐terminal α‐helices are proposed to be involved in membrane binding. As seen by circular dichroism, binding to the bilayer does not seem to induce significant changes on the secondary structure content of the enzyme, but α‐helical structures appear to be stabilized against thermal denaturation in the membrane‐bound state. Thus, amphitropism, a mechanism that regulates the function of peripheral proteins by weak binding to membrane lipids, may add to the factors that regulate both the activity and the stability of TH.
Closed‐end funds and sentiment risk
Authors: Severn Alan K.
Published: July 2002

Irradional noise traders earn high returns for bearing risk that they themselves create. Diversifying across closed‐end funds does little to reduce this risk, because discounts are correlated across funds. But diversification between closed‐end funds and large‐cap stocks does reduce this risk, especially when markets are not subject to major shocks: a combination of closed‐end funds and large‐cap stocks has lower risk than either one alone. To the extent that fund shares and large‐cap stocks are partially segmented markets, large‐cap stocks thus provide some protection against the sentiment risk created by noise traders. This paper estimates the amount of large‐cap stocks needed in tax‐deferred portfolios, under various amounts of market‐wide risk, and ways of measuring it.
Production of Extracellular Protease from Crude Substrates with Dregs in an External‐Loop Airlift Bioreactor with Lower Ratio of Height to Diameter
Authors: Yuguo Zheng , Zhao Wang , Xiaolong Chen , Chunhua Zhang
Published: July 2002

Bacillus subtilis AS1.398 was cultivated in a 11.5‐L total volume external‐loop airlift bioreactor with a low height‐to‐diameter ratio of 2.9 and a riser‐to‐downcomer diameter ratio of 6.6 for the production of protease from crude substrates with dregs. The influence of aeration rate, liquid volume, and sparger hole diameter on protease production was investigated. An average of 8197 u/mL protease activity was obtained after a total fermentation time of 32 h in the external‐loop airlift bioreactor with a liquid volume of 8.5 L, air flow rate of 1.5 vvm, and sparger hole diameter of 1.5 mm. The addition of one stainless steel sieve plate in the riser of the airlift bioreactor increased productivity of protease. After 32 h of fermentation, an average of 8718 u/mL protease activity was achieved in the external‐loop airlift bioreactor with one sieve plate and an air flow rate of 1.2 vvm, liquid volume of 8.5 L, and gas sparger hole diameter of 1.5 mm. This was 9.0% higher than the typical averages of about 8000 u/mL protease activity in the mechanically stirred tank bioreactors of the enzyme factory using the same microorganism. It is possible to make a scale‐up of the external‐loop airlift bioreactor and feasible to operate it for production of protease from crude substrate with dregs.