bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes / Varieties for Drought Tolerance: Growth & Yield Approaches
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Prasad Shambhoo , Bhati Jitender , Kushwaha Vandna , Kumar Vinai , Singh Prabhat Kumar
Published: July 2023

The investigation entitled “Identification and evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes/ varieties for drought tolerance: growth & yield approaches” was conducted during Kharif season, 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the field of SIF at A.N.D.U.A&T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. Twelve elite rice genotypes were shown in RBD with three replications. Among all the genotypes plant height was observed highest in Nagina 22 and lowest was found in NDR 97 under drought condition. Drought stress affects the tiller number/ plant and panicle bearing/ plants and flag leaf. Panicle length of Nagina 22, Sahbhagi Dhaan and Sukha Dhaan was affected during drought stress condition and RWC affected from genotype to genotype. With respect to grain yield per plant Nagina 22, Sushk Samrat and Sukha Dhaan performed extremely well under the drought condition. Result suggested that plant height and yield/ plant can be used as selection indices for drought tolerance.
Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Anupama Ananthoju , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: July 2023

The field trial was conducted during the 2022 Rabi season at the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Nain Institute of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.), India. To study the effect of sulphur and zinc on the yield and economics of Rabi maize. The treatment includes sulphur 20, 30, 40 kg/ha and zinc 15, 20, 25 kg/ha. The soil of the experimental area had a sandy clay texture, almost neutral soil reaction (pH 7.8), low organic carbon (0.35%), nitrogen (163.42 kg/ha), phosphorus (21.96 kg/ha) and potassium (21.96). kg/ha). 256.48 kg/ha). Sulphur 40 kg/ha Zinc 25 kg/ha significantly increased yield characteristics and economy. The results showed that higher grain yield (6.42 t/ha) and higher stover yield (14.36 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of sulphur 40 kg/ha Zinc 25 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 1,30,268.40/ha), net returns (INR 90,007.00/ha) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.23) were recorded in treatment-9 with application of (Sulphur 40 kg/ha Zinc 25 kg/ha).
Differential Effect of Different Methods of Applying Paclobutrazol on Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) in Prayagraj Climatic Condition
Authors: Yadaw Akanksha , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different method of applying Paclobutrazol on plant growth and flower yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cv. Bon Bon, during November 2022 to February 2023 at Floriculture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Pryagraj (U.P.). Different methods of applying Paclobutrazol viz., T0 No Treatment, T1 Paclobutrazol@ 50 ppm as Foliar application, T2 Paclobutrazol@ 100 ppm as Foliar application, T3 Paclobutrazol@ 150 ppm as Foliar application, T4 Paclobutrazol@ 200 ppm as Foliar application, T5 Paclobutrazol@ 50 ppm as Soil drenching, T6 Paclobutrazol@ 100 ppm as Soil drenching, T7 Paclobutrazol@ 150 ppm as Soil drenching and T8 Paclobutrazol@ 200 ppm as Soil drenching was applied to assess the vegetative, floral and yield characteristics of Calendula . The experiment was laid out in complete randomised block design with nine treatments and three replications. The result for growth and flower yield of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) showed significant difference for the various treatment applied as soil application as a paclobutrazol as well as foliar application. In general paclobutrazol@ 200 ppm as Soil drenching and foliar application improved the different growth and flower yield parameters suggest its efficacy of application. in comparison to plants that had other treatments applied, the plant's height is reduced, making it smaller and more dwarflike, and the number of lateral branches is increased, increasing the flower yield. When compared to foliar application, the soil drenching method of application was found to be more effective because plant roots absorb more of the substance. This is because plants are less capable of absorbing the substance because of higher rates of evapotranspiration in foliar application.
Effect of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on Plant Growth, Flowering and Yield Attributes in Pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.)
Authors: Sharma Anu , Dilta B. S. , Sharma C. L. , Kumar Manish , Koundal Akhilesh , Sharma Shivani
Published: July 2023

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar application GA3 on plant growth and quality attributes in Pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) during 2019-2020. The field experiment was laid out at randomized complete block design (RCBD). The 18 treatment combinations including 6 doses of GA3 i.e., 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm were applied at 3 durations i.e., 30, 40 and 50 DAT along with a non-factorial control. Of them, GA3 @ 300 ppm at 40 DAT showed significant increment in plant height (34%), plant spread (32%), number of flowers per plant (25%), number of flowers per plot (25%), size of flowers (35%), flowering duration (25%), seed yield per plant (68%), seed yield per plot ( 68%) and seed yield per hectare ( 68%), number of seeds per capsule (48%), number of capsules per plant (38%) as compared to control checks whereas earliest flowering was observed due to GA3 @ 300 ppm when applied at 30 DAT.
Study the Growth Attributes of Cotton as Influenced by Various Levels of Nitrogen under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Dongarwar A. A. , Deshmukh M. R. , Dongarwar Usha R. , Kashiwar Sumedh R.
Published: July 2023

The field investigation was carried out at Department of Agronomy farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and seven different nitrogen levels treatment with an objective to study the growth and yield of cotton as influenced by various levels of nitrogen under rainfed condition. Treatments consisted of different nutrient management practices including FYM and nitrogen doses viz., Absolute Control (N1), FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (N2), N2 + 30 kg N ha-1 (N3), N2 + 60 kg N ha-1 (N4), N2 + 90 kg N ha-1 (N5), N2 +120 kg N ha-1 (N6) and N2 + 150 kg N ha-1 (N7). Cotton crop was sawn on 29th June 2019 while it was harvested in four pickings. The result revealed that a significant differences in plant height, leaf area, number of sympodial branches and dry matter accumulation and until harvest. Growth attributes viz., plant height and numbers of sympodial branches were maximum in treatment of FYM @ 5 t ha-1+150 kg N ha-1. However, leaf area and dry matter accumulation were maximum with treatment of FYM @ 5 t ha-1+120 kg N ha-1.
Performance and Genetic Evaluation of Some Cauliflower Genotypes in Dry Temperate Ladakh Region of India
Authors: Kanwar M. S.
Published: July 2023

Nature has endowed India with many precious gifts, wherein lies its immense potential for the vegetable sector.  In dry temperate region of India like Ladakh, cauliflower is grown during summer months. Extreme environmental fluctutaions make the cauliflower cultivation not an easy venture. Cauliflower is thermo-sensitive crop and identification of proper group as well genotype for cultivation in a particular climate and region is of utmost importance. Six genotypes were tried in Randomized Block Design with 4 replications with crop geometry of 45 x 45 cm with the objective to select the proper maturity group and genotype for cultivation in dry temperate Ladakh condition and to study the genetic parameters for further breeding procedures. Results indicated that there are significant differences among all the cultivars for all the characters except stalk length, number of leaves for plant and leaf length. Sweta recorded highest gross plant weight, net curd weight and yield per ha which is superior to all the others cultivars. GCV and PCV as well heritability with genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean were higher in gross plant weight, net curd weight and yield per hectare. Selection on phenotypic performance could be effective for improvement of these traits.
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties on Soil from Different Blocks of Komaram Bheem, Asifabad District, Telangana, India
Authors: Chepuri Mani Teja , Bharose Ram , Thomas Tarence , Toppo Neha
Published: July 2023

The objectives of this study were to examine the results of 12 sampling locations and determine the availability of macronutrients in the soil of these soil samples. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm respectively. Soil textural classes were Sandy clay loam. The Water Holding Capacity varies from (38.24 to 45.84%), Bulk Density varies from (1.32 Mg m-3 to 1.48 Mg m-3). Particle Density varies from (2.31 Mg m-3 to 2.45 Mg m-3). The soil was reported to be in good physical condition, with % Pore Space (43.49% to 49.16%). The pH of soil is alkaline in nature (7.25 to 8.92) and the Electrical Conductivity (0.18 to 0.48 dSm1) was suitable for all crops. Organic carbon was found low to medium (0.33 to 0.48%) these soils had low nitrogen levels (200.00 kg ha-1 to 220.00 kg ha-1). Phosphorus (16.24 kg ha-1 to 26.58 kg ha1) is found medium to high. Potassium (225.24 kg ha-1 to 277.51 kg ha-1) is found medium in range. Calcium (4.02 to 5.45 meq 100g-1) and Magnesium (1.92 to 2.76 meq 100g-1) are sufficient in this soil. There is an including awareness of the need to pay greater attention in the role of macronutrients enhancement in the soil for good soil health and proper nutrition of plant so as to attain optimum economic yield and soil is suitable for all major tropical and sub-tropical crops.
Effects of Levels of N: P: K on Yield and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) under Meadow Orchard System
Authors: Guleria Keshav , Singh Devi
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was carried out at central research field, Department of horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI) SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P. India during 2022 session. The experiment was conducted to study the different levels of N: P: K on yield and fruit quality of guava to find out the optimum dose of N: P: K for guava trees under meadow orchard system. The experiment was conducted on eight years old Allahabad safeda guava trees planted at 2x1 m spacing. There were eight treatments of different levels of NPK viz. (T0) control, (T1,) 100:50:50 g NPK/tree, (T2) 150:75:75 g NPK/tree, (T3) 200:100:100 g NPK/tree, (T4) 250:125:125 g NPK/tree, (T5) 300:150:150 g NPK/tree (T6 )350:175:175 g NPK/tree, (T7) 400:200:200 g NPK/tree. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and each replicate was represented by one tree. All the cultural operation were carried out as per recommendations. The observation on yield and fruit quality aspects of guava cultivation under different treatments were recorded, analyzed and presented.

The results of this experiment indicated that, different levels of N: P: K has shown different response to yield and fruit quality. The application of N: P: K @400:200:200 g NPK/tree (T7) produced superior yield of guava in terms of fruit volume (165.56cm3), fruit weight (61.53g), fruit diameter (6.72cm), number of fruits per branch (21.26), number of fruits per plants (322.15) and fruit yield per plant (55.30kg). The fruit quality with application of N: P: K @400:200:200 g NPK/tree (T7) was also superior in terms of TSS (12.17obrix), Total sugar (8.84%), ascorbic acid (167.86 mg) and minimum acidity (0.205%). Hence it can be concluded that, for guava trees grown under meadow orchard system at 2x1 m spacing the dose of application of N: P: K @ 400:200:200 g/tree was found optimum for getting higher yield and superior fruit quality of guava. Further the treatment of application of N: P: K @ (T6) 300:175:175 g/tree produced at par result for most of the parameters under the study of this experiment indicate the scope of increasing the fertilizer dose as per the age of the trees.
Response of Inorganic Fertilizers, Wheat Residue and Rhizobium on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) var. Samrat
Authors: Rohitash  , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Reddy Iska Srinath , Serawat Rohan , Bhadu Amit
Published: July 2023

An experiment was conducted on “Response of inorganic fertilizers, wheat residue and rhizobium on soil health and yield attributes of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) var. Samrat” at research farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, design laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Green gram was taken for study with recommended doses of fertilizers (N, P2O5 and K2O @ 20, 40 and 20 kg ha-1) was applied with wheat residue and rhizobium. The variety of green gram is Samrat was taken for research trial. Bulk density (Mg m-3) and particle density was maximum in T1 – [Control (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer)], soil pore space, water holding capacity, pH, EC, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were recorded maximum in T9 - [NPK @ 100% + RZ @ 100% + WR @ 100%] respectively. In treatment T9 the highest pod yield of green gram 1358.807 Kg ha-1 was obtained with C:B ratio of 1:2.48. Use of T9 - [NPK @ 100% + RZ @ 100% + WR @ 100%] on crop and analyzing the effect of T9 treatment on soil physical as well as chemical properties of soil.
Effect of Phosphorus and Micronutrients on Yield and Economics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Diddikati Kiran , C. Umesha , Krishna M. V. Vamsi
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was carried out during Khairf 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), to study the “effect of phosphorus and micronutrients on yield and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments including control each replicated thrice. Significantly higher grain yield (6.20 t/ha) and straw yield (8.37 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 9 with application of Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Zinc 5 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (1,34,890.00 INR/ha), net return (88,765,20 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.92) were obtained in the treatment of Phosphorus 60 kg/ha + Zinc 5 kg/ha + Boron 2 kg/ha.
Impact of Resource Conservation Techniques on Soil Properties in Sub Montane North Western Himalayas
Authors: Arya Vivak M.
Published: July 2023

The present study highlights the impact of resource conservation techniques on soil properties in sub montane north western Himalayas. The continued maintenance of fertile soil is essential in order to meet basic human needs. The topography of the region ranging from gently sloping to moderately-steep sloping retards the vertical development of soils. The study was conducted in the Merth village of state J&K. The experiment was laid out to compare the impact of resource conservation techniques on the runoff and sediment yield in two different catchment areas (one with sandy loam texture and other with clay loam texture) in monsoon season. The slope of the catchment areas varies from 3-6%. The increase in available nitrogen in sandy and clay loam can be attributed because of the increase in root biomass under resource conservation techniques. Addition of root biomass and litter fall in cover crop indirectly through the process of mineralization increases the availability of available nitrogen. The soils of submontane Shivaliks are under tremendous stress because of high soil erosivity and poor soil management practices. The study strongly recommends adoption of resource conservation techniques for reducing soil erosion & water conservation in submontane Shivaliks.
Statistical Approach of Selected Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Mfouati River (South of Congo Brazzaville)
Authors: Mazel Ifo Grace , Lady Kouhounina Banzouzi Merline , Flora Diamouangana Mpissi Zita , Martin Tchoumou
Published: July 2023

Aims: The general objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals [Molybdenum (Mo), Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi)] in the sediments of the Mfouati River near the area impacted by the mining operation.

Study Design: The sediments were collected in the area near the abandoned plant and in the vicinity. At the end of the sampling, the samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).

Place and Duration of Study: Sediments were collected in the Mfouati River near the area impacted by the mining operation, these samples were taken in September 2021.

Methodology: X-ray diffraction was performed on the sediments of the Mfouati River, the physico-chemical parameters were measured with a Hanna type apparatus. The contents of heavy metals (Mo, Co, Cd, Ni, Sb, Bi) in the sediments were measured by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The level of metallic contamination, the indices of evaluation of the contamination (FC, FE, Igeo) were calculated by using the expressions which exist in the literature.

Results: The results obtained show that the physical-chemical parameters (pH, EC and TDS) measured are within the standards (WHO). Only the pH which presents a slightly acid character at the stations (S4, S5, S6). The heavy metal contents found (mg/Kg) vary between Mo: [0,05-23] ; Co:[10-39] ; Cd[0,1-63] ; Ni[7-36] ; Bi[0,164-0,169] ; Sb[1-29]. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of the following minerals: Talc and Kaolinite. The results of contamination factor showed the following order:FC(Cd)> FC(Sb) >FC(Mo) >FC(Co) >FC(Bi) >FC(Ni);enrichment factor the order is as follows: FE(Cd)>FE(Sb)>FE(Fe) >FE(Bi) >FE(Mo); geo accumulation index the order is as follows:Igeo(Ni)>Igeo(Co) >Igeo(Mo) >Igeo(Sb) >Igeo(Cd) >Igeo(Bi).

Conclusion: The levels of metals Co, Cd, Ni, Sb, Mo in the sediments of the Mfouati River are higher than the concentrations in the terrestrial crust.
Tuber Yields Associated with the Production Systems of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the Locality of Bini-Dang at Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Authors: Maimouna Abba , Tchuenteu Lucien Tatchum , Wilfried Batchoua , Mounkene Zacharie Bounyahre , Megueni Clautilde , Njintang Nicolas Yanou
Published: July 2023

In Cameroon, the consumption of bakery products, especially bread, occupies a preponderant place in the diet of populations, even in non-wheat-producing countries. These bakery products are becoming increasingly dependent on wheat-producing nations, particularly during economic crises where wheat is very expensive to import. To remedy this situation, technologies are increasingly being developed to replace wheat flour with flour obtained from local food resources. Our research aimed to study the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) production system at the locality of Bini-Dang in Ngaoundere, Cameroon through a descriptive study that took place over a period of four months from July 20 to November 29, 2019. The data were collected on a survey by interview and additional explorations. A total of 60 farmers were interviewed leaving in the study area. A survey was conducted to determine the farmers profile relative to the sweet potato sector, the type of varieties grown, crop techniques as well as production constraints. Results show that all producers are men with a frequency of 100%. In cultural practice, ridges are used more with a spacing of 15-20 cm between them, which is 66.60% of their frequency. 57.10% of the population uses cow dung to fertilize the soil, and thus to improve sweet potato yield. However, the tuber yield of sweet potato varies between 24 to 55 t/ha. The harvested products are sold to traders and consumers. This information would be used as a database to improve the availability of sweet potato cultivated in the locality of Bini-Dang to install a bread-making industry.
Mathematical Modelling of Effects of Non-Clinical Strategies in Combating Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya
Authors: Kimathi Akwalu Ezra , Muthuri Grace Gakii , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga
Published: July 2023

SARS-CoV-2 is a serious problem in Kenya today. It has put an unprecedented burden on worldwide economy and public health. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been driven predominantly by aerosol transmissions. The objectives of this study were to formulate mathematical models on the spread of SARS –CoV-2 and incorporating the effects of nonclinical strategies like screening, facemask usage, hand washing and social distancing, determine well posedness of the model, validate the developed model and finally predict the effects of nonclinical strategies on the dynamics of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The mathematical model was based on SIRS epidemiological classical model. In developing the model, the population was divided into six human compartments; susceptible, exposed, infected, isolated in hospital, at home and recovered. The basic reproduction number was determined using next generation method. The model was analyzed through the determination of the model steady states. The stabilities of steady states analyzed based on reproduction number (R0) using: signs of Jacobi matrix evaluated at steady state, Lyapnov criteria, centre manifold theorem, Metzler matrix and Routh-Hurwitz.  Numerical simulations were carried out using MATLAB inbuilt ode solver based on Runge Kutta method. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was carried out using partial differentiation of the reproduction number and also using normalized sensitivity analysis.

From this analysis, findings showed that adherence to the containment measures and contact tracing had the greatest negative impact on the reproduction number. It was found through simulation that adherence to the SARS-CoV-2 containment measures by the population would reduce the reproduction number to below 1 hence containing the pandemic. The findings of this study show the extent to which the nonclinical can be used to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2in Kenya. We recommended strict adherence to containment
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia among School Children in Africa: A Structured Literature Review
Authors: Samuel-Nwokeji Chizor Jacinta , Wasige Judy , Adeboye Adeniyi
Published: July 2023

Aim: This review aims to provide current evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of Myopia among school children in Africa.

Background: Myopia has emerged the most prevalent and major cause of visual distress which may result in poor academic performance among school children compared to other refractive error conditions. Whereas the importance of optimal vision for competence in academic achievement has been emphasised. Hence, the association of increase in myopia prevalence with increase in age coupled with its projected critical rise to 26.9% in Africa by 2050 is worrisome.

Methodology: This review was conducted using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) framework guidelines and PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram for New systematic Reviews. Also, four digital databases; MEDLINE, CINAHL, PROQUEST, WEB OF SCIENCE and a Web Search Engine (Google scholar) were searched for studies on Prevalence and Risk factors of myopia among school children in Africa from January 2012 to March 2023. Studies were appraised for quality using Joanna Briggs Appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Data were analysed based on age, gender, and risk factors of myopia, while the myopia was defined as SE ≥-0.50D.

Results: Data from 10,031 school children and 6 quality appraised studies were included in this review. Overall, the prevalence of myopia ranged from 2.7% to 16.05% among school children in Africa. The prevalence of myopia was significantly higher among the older children (10–18-year-olds), while Age at school start, Level of education, family history of myopia, working distance at near, prolonged near work per day, private school of learning, time spent on mobile exposure, and presence of ocular abnormality were significantly associated with myopia.

Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia among school children is generally low in Africa but the retrieved studies offered geographical variations with outlying higher prevalence in some regions.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sars-COV-2 among Students in Private Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Sylvia Ngozi , Etim Clement, Emmanuel , Joshua David, , Seth Abolurin, Boluwatife , Golden Owhonda, , Best Ordinioha,
Published: July 2023

Background: COVID-19 prompted an early and sustained worldwide public health response. Its proclivity for rapid transmission and relatively high fatality rate across global regions prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to proclaim it a global pandemic. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence, and factors associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among students in private universities in Rivers State.

Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study

Aims: To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated factors among private university students.

Materials and Methods: 431 participants were tested for SARS CoV-2 using GeneXpert Dx System's reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Self-administered questionnaires were also distributed to elicit responses from these participants. Descriptive statistics (percentages and proportions) were used to report findings.

Results: A response rate of 96% was recorded (431 correctly completed questionnaires retrieved). Out of the 431 participants tested, 425(98.6%) were negative while 6(1.4%) were positive bringing the prevalence rate to 1.4%. The majority (90.3%) don’t use facemasks when a lecturer is not in class, and 60.6% of the participants indicated inadequate provision for hand washing equipment, and sanitizers in the laboratories for students.

Conclusion: This study showed a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among private university students and poor compliance with COVID-19 protocols.
Analysis of the Impact of Job Burnout on Quality and Economic Benefits of Enterprises
Authors: Yanna Lyuv , Shizhong Yang, , Zhijun Lin,
Published: July 2023

Job burnout is a crucial cause of the decline in product (work) quality and operating efficiency, which may lead to increased costs, reduced revenues, and a decline in the quality and economic performance of business enterprises. Based on a systematic review of the extant literature, this paper examines several conceptual issues of job burnout (i.e., connotation, classification, and consequences), explores its influencing factors and possible intervention measures, and analyzes the impact of job burnout on operating quality and economic benefits from the perspective of quality cost management. We contend that the negative impact of job burnout on "improvement of quality and operating efficiency" cannot be overlooked. It is of great practical significance to prevent the occurrence of job burnout and minimize its adverse effect on the quality and economic benefits of an enterprise. Some countermeasures to avoid or alleviate job burnout are proposed, from the perspectives of legislative and institutional settings and new technology applications.
Volatility of Foreign Exchange Rate and Infrastructural Development: An ARCH/GARCH Analysis From Nigeria (1986-2020)
Authors: Ojomolade Dele, Jacob , Ugwulali Ifeanyi Joseph , Adejuwon Adewale Joshua
Published: July 2023

Living standard of citizen and economic growth depends entirely on infrastructural development and exchange rate stability in a nation, therefore, the foreign exchange rate volatility on infrastructural development in Nigeria, 1986-2020.was examined with contradictory empirical. Central Bank of Nigeria provides the dataset analysed by ARCH/GARCH model along-side with vector model. Empirical findings revealed both negative and positive relationship with capital expenditures resulting from exchange rate and total exports on capital expenditures, as total imports have positive impact. There is negative impact between external debt service payment and capital expenditures. Co-integrating coefficient revealed a slow adjustment speed parameter of about 21 percent. The ARCH/GARCH estimates revealed that exchange rate is controlled by its own GARCH components rather than ARCH factors or shocks. Therefore, exchange rate volatility determined its own shocks by GARCH. The study recommends that policy inconsistency regarding exchange rate volatility should be discouraged and infrastructural development should be prioritised by the three tiers of government as it is germane to welfare and living standard of the citizen.
Mathematical Modelling and the Effect of Blanching on the Drying Kinetics of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata)
Authors: Ajah Chinedu , Ainerua Emmanuela O. , Oboh Innocent O.
Published: July 2023

Many pretreatments methods are employed to reduce the total drying time which is more energy efficient and generate final superior products. Blanching is a long established thermal pretreatments used for processing of agricultural products since it can eradicate enzymes, which cause degeneration reactions, off-flavor and undesirable changes in color, texture and nutrients. The blanching pretreatment effect on the drying kinetics of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) slabs was investigated. The yam tuber was cut to the required thickness (5cm×2cm×1cm) with a knife and scale rule. Blanching was done at 90oC for five minutes and the drying experiments were carried out in a microwave oven. The samples were weighed and recorded before and after drying. Three thin layer models were evaluated and the coefficient of determination (R2) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were used to study the model efficiency for both raw and blanched samples. A mathematical model to describe the drying kinetics of blanched yam slabs was developed and validated. The Newton, Midilli et al and Fick’s kinetic models selected for this study were fitted with the experimental data. The results of the experiment carried out, the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient D was obtained as 2.7x10-5m2s-1 with blanching effect of 0.001m for the blanched sample, whilst the value of diffusivity, D for the raw sample was 3.4x10-5m2s-1. Newton’s model gave the best fit among the three models and regressed well with the experimental data, with high value of R2 of 0.9969 and low RSS of 0.0138. These results depict that blanching as a pretreatment method can decrease the total drying time and improve the effective moisture diffusivity as well as the final product quality compared to the raw samples.
Evaluation of the Combustion Characteristics of Rice Husk and Coconut Shell Briquettes
Authors: Sebastine A. Bam , Michael Abuh , Kumaden Ikpambese
Published: July 2023

Combustion characteristics of rice husk and coconut shell briquettes have been investigated with a view of establishing its suitability as an energy source. The husk and shell were collected and carbonized in a furnace as rice husk charcoal (RHC) and coconut shell charcoal (CSC). These were further down sized and sieved to 2.5 mm particle size. The RHC and CSC were mixed in proportions of 50:45, 60:35, 70:25, 80:15, and 90:5% by weight respectively, and 5% cassava starch used as binder for all the compositions. The briquette samples were formed by thorough mixing and compaction in a metallic mold and extruded for drying and labelled 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A and 5 A respectively. Physical and mechanical as well combustion tests were performed to confirmed the viability of the briquettes.  The results indicate that sample 1A had the highest calorific value (4886 cal/g). The other properties such as water content, ash content, density of briquettes also indicate their suitability as energy source.
The Delineation of the Langat Basin Aquifer Based on Geological and Hydrogeological Characterization of Three Urban Areas of Malaysia
Authors: Haque Syeda Jesmin , Roslan Norsyafina
Published: July 2023

Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the hydrogeological settings and aquifer properties of Kajang, Bangi, and Semenyih urban areas to overcome the mismanagement of groundwater.

Study Design: The scarcity of groundwater is one of the major concerns of urbanization in growing populated countries like Malaysia. Lack of knowledge of subsurface geology, hydrogeology and aquifer properties is the main reason for the groundwater mismanagement of the Langat Basin.

Place and Duration of Study: The study targeted three growing urban areas Kajang, Bangi and Semenyih of Malaysia. Data were collected from the Mineral and Geosciences Department, Malaysia. Borehole logs, pumping tests and groundwater level monitoring data have been analysed and interpreted for this study.

Methodology: Subsurface logs have been produced by the Strater Demo4 software; Water level analyses have been done by the groundwater level monitoring data, the contour map was plotted by using ArcGIS software with calculated groundwater head values and the Pumping test curve has been prepared by using Excel 2007.

Results: Study areas are situated in Kenny Hill formation. Water is pumped from four types of formations they are; hard rock, weathered sedimentary, shallow sedimentary and a combination of alluvium and hard rock. Groundwater flow direction is controlled by the topography, from the hilly north-eastern side to the low elevated south-western side. The identified aquifer condition of the Kajang area is confined, boundary and consolidated fractured. Water is pumped from the confined fractured aquifer in Bangi town and from the leaky, consolidated fractured and unconfined aquifer in Semenyih town. Transmissivity and Specific capacity of all types of aquifers show a range of 2.35m2/day to 25.92m2/day and 2.64 m2/day to 41.28m2/day respectively.

Conclusion: This study will help to establish robust policies for the sustainable development of groundwater.
Stakeholder’s Domestic Water Harvesting Infrastructure: Resultant Conflicts and Management Strategies in the Upper Noun Valley, North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Billa Sabastian Ande , Fogwe Zephania Nji
Published: July 2023

Many communities in developing countries face difficulties in hydrographic needs for domestic water and hence require greater investment to achieve water security. This paper examines the water infrastructure and the resultant conflicts emanating from the management of the water harvesting infrastructure put in place by the stakeholders of the water sector of the Upper Noun Valley. The study exploited secondary sources such as published and unpublished articles, reports and collected primary data. Primary data collected for this study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that, traditional authorities, Village Development Organisations (VDOs) elites, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), confessional bodies (Churches) and the state are main community water supply stakeholders in Upper Noun Valley. Water supply infrastructure ranges from local and manual driven to sophisticated diesel and electric power driven devices that supply water to the communities in the area. Infrastructural diversity generates imbalances in water supply over space and time within the communities in the area. The situation creates water supply shortages that usher in a plethora of water conflicts between users. The conflicts are accentuated by climate change which only makes a bad situation worse. During such periods, conflicts in the form of violence amongst water carriers on few regular sources, and with grazers on streams and rivers, are most common. The study concludes that Community Water Management Conflicts (CWMC) is mostly derived from water system’s management policies by various stakeholders, the type of harvesting technology and the attitude of water users. Traditional policies (Kwifon, Fon) in the forms of beliefs and norms on water, water pricing and rationing are some strategic measures to combat water conflicts within the valley. The study recommends the need to apply a bottom up policy, the reliance on flexible technology in water harvesting, and a concerted effort in promoting an Integrated Water Management policy within the valley communities.
Understanding Healthcare Regulation in Canada: Strategies for Ensuring Quality and Accessibility
Authors: Sharma Akash , Gamta Vriti , Luthra Gaurav
Published: July 2023

Healthcare regulation plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality and accessibility of healthcare services in Canada. This article provides an overview of the healthcare regulatory landscape in Canada, focusing on federal and provincial/territorial regulations. The federal level regulations, overseen by Health Canada, encompass drug and medical device regulations, health information privacy and security, and food safety and nutrition regulations. Provincial and territorial regulations, implemented by respective healthcare authorities, address licensing and regulation of healthcare professionals, healthcare facility regulation, and allocation of healthcare resources. The article discusses the importance of health information privacy and security regulations in the digital age and highlights the safeguards and best practices to protect personal health information. By understanding and navigating these healthcare regulations, stakeholders can contribute to a healthcare system that ensures quality and accessibility for all Canadians.
Development and Validation of a UV Spectroscopy Absorption Ratio Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Nitrendipine and Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Soni Abhishek , Sharma Muskan , Kumari Chinu
Published: July 2023

A novel UV-spectroscopic method, characterized by its novelty, simplicity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and sensitivity, has been successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Nitrendipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. The method relied on the absorption factor approach, employing the analysis of isosbestic points within the zero-order absorption spectra. Specifically, the isoabsorptive points at a wavelength of 282 nm were employed for the determination of Nitrendipine and Hydrochlorothiazide. The absorbance corresponding to each compound at the isoabsorptive point of 282 nm was calculated using the absorbance factor, derived as the average absorbance of various concentrations of pure Nitrendipine utilizing the isoabsorptive point at 282 nm. Subsequently, the developed method underwent a comprehensive validation process, adhering to the guidelines established by the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The linearity range was determined based on their respective λ max at the isoabsorptive point of 282 nm. The culmination of these results leads to the conclusion that the present research is characterized by novelty, accuracy, efficiency, precision, rapidity, reproducibility, simplicity, and sensitivity. Consequently, the proposed method is deemed suitable for the successful estimation of Nitrendipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form.
A Comparative Study of the Academic Performance of Boarding and Day Secondary School Students in a Rural Town in South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Obi-Nwosu A. L. , Ubajaka C. F. , Ibeh D. K. , Nwosu B. O. , Ezemenahi S. I. , Nwosu C. S. , Azudialu B. C. , Ulochukwu C. M. , Obi-Nwosu D. I. , Ofiaeli C. I.
Published: July 2023

Background:  Education is of immense importance to individuals and the society at large. Many factors have been postulated to influence the academic performance of children in different families. There have also been family concerns as to whether boarding house students perform better academically than day students. However, considering the cost of the boarding school system, a lot of families have been put under both financial and psychological stress especially in resource-constrained third world countries where there are no tuition-free high schools.

Objective: The study sought to determine the family factors that affect academic performance as well as compare the academic performance of day and boarding students.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 212 secondary school students of a rural town who met the eligibility criteria and consented to participate in the study. Stratified sampling technique with proportionate allocation was used to select students studied from the school. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS V25.

Results: Of the 212 students studied, 123 were boarding house students and 89 were day students. The mean academic performance for the boarding students’ vs day students was 76.33±11.21% vs 76.51±10.66% with no significant difference between the two. Family factors that affected academic performance were father’s occupation, mother’s occupation and listening to/participating in academic programs among day students.

Conclusion: Encouraging day school students to listen to and or participate in academic programs by parents significantly affects academic performance. Both the boarding and day school system can lead to good academic performance among students. Families can choose whichever system that suits them without undue financial stress on the family income.
The Primary Crop of Phytoplankton and Total Organic Matter Destruction in Varvara Reservoir, One of the Main Reservoirs of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hajikhalil Ansarova Aynur
Published: July 2023

The role of phytoplankton in regulating the flow of physico-chemical processes in ecosystems, including hydrobionts, which is involved in the formation of biological products, the circulation of substances in the life of reservoirs, the creation of their energy source, is very large. Fhytoplankton ecosystems are very sensitive to abiotic factors and anthropogenic influences to many physical, chemical and biological factors present in the environment. Therefore, phytoplankton is considered the basis of trophic relationships in the hydroecosystem.
Measurement of the Thermal Conductivities of Clay Materials Stabilized by a Mixed Binder
Authors: Ali Abakar , Mahamat Abdallah Dadi , Ban-Nah Abdallah , Donnot André , Soultan Malloum
Published: July 2023

This research work concerns the physical characterizations and the measurement of the thermal conductivities of clay materials stabilized by a mixed binder. At first, the different physical characterizations are carried out for the classification of the study material. Then, cylindrical specimens 7 cm in diameter by 7 cm in height are made with clay alone, specimens stabilized with 5% Gum Arabic, specimens stabilized with 5% cement, and also specimens stabilized with 5% cement and 5% Gum Arabic and finally specimens stabilized with the various binders mentioned above and reinforced with rice straw at a rate of 1%. The results show that the thermal conductivity value of 0.73 W/mK is for the 100% A formulation, the small thermal conductivity values ​​are obtained for the formulations 94%A+5%GA+1%P and 94%A+5%C+1%P. which are respectively 0.60 W/mK and 0.59 W/mK and finally, the high value of the thermal conductivity is 0.90 W/mK for the formulation 90% A+5% GA+5% C.
Acacia Shrubs and Trees for Climate Change Mitigation and Economic Growth: An Imperative towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Yobe, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed I. N. , Sule A. , Muhammad Y. K. , Salami K. D.
Published: July 2023

The need to mitigate the effect of climate change arising from over exploitation of natural resources and to improve the economic wellbeing of the common populace in Sub -Saharan Africa particularly the northern Sahelian state of Yobe. Acacia is one of the trees adapted to the Sahelian climate of Yobe that provides a lot of social and economic benefits, and it’s exploited in wild state. This paper highlights the domestication of the tree using silvicultural practices and silvics of the tree by elucidating the origin, climatic and soil requirement, product they produce diseases and control methods. Findings reveal the following information based on cited literatures. The plant grows in drier Sahelian climates of Africa, parts of Arabia and parts of India and Pakistan. It produces gum Arabic, fodder for livestock and other medicinal products. Findings implies that Acacia Senegal is suitable for agro forestry based on the fact that Acacia is a nitrogen fixer and produce no thick canopy making it possible for crops to thrive well underneath their canopy.
Risk Perception and Drivers’ Characteristic among Haulage Companies in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Asomaku S. O. , Arokoyu S. B. , Lawal O.
Published: July 2023

The study examined the relationship between risk perception and driver characteristics among haulage companies' drivers in River State, Nigeria. A total of 210 copies of the questionnaire were administered among 20 haulage companies, and the retrieved questionnaire was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and spearman rank. On the drivers’ characteristics, the outcome showed that respondents were driving haulage vehicles in the last 6-10 years (62.9%) and driving 13-16 hours (67.6%) in one trip (86.2%). The analysis revealed that most respondents disagreed with various risk perceptions, such as the skills required for handling haulage vehicles are similar to that of other vehicles (91.9%), and anyone with driving experience can handle haulage vehicles (86.7%). The Spearman Rank analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between risk perception index and years of driving haulage vehicle (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.069), duration of driving for the current company (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.488) and numbers of hours driving daily (where p-value > 0.05, p= 0.094). However, the analysis showed a significant relationship between the risk perception index and the number of trips per day (where p-value < 0.05, p=0.000). The correlation coefficient (r) of the relationship between risk perception and drivers' characteristics was weak and negative (where r = -0.126, -0.048, -0.117 and -0.374, respectively). It was concluded that drivers of the haulage showed positive risk perceptions towards the safety and handling activities related to haulage activities, and how these drivers perceived risk in their activities can influence their driving behaviour.