bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Disc Cutter Cutting Load and Performance during TBM Tunneling in Soft-Hard Varied Strata through Laboratory Cutting Test
Authors: Su Weilin , Niu Fumin , Yang Fengwei , Yang Yi
Published: July 2023

Tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutters are specially designed for breaking hard rocks and always exhibit unsatisfactory performance during the soft-hard varied stratum tunneling process. To figure out the load and cutting performance of the disc cutter and avoid unsatisfying excavation face crushing effects, a soft-hard varied strata excavation face model was made and rotary cutting tests with full-scale disc cutters were conducted. The load and cutting performance of the disc cutter under different TBM operating conditions were monitored and analyzed based on the test. It was found that the variation of the disc cutter load did not meet the CSM model completely, and the tangential force of the disc cutters in the heterogeneous areas was only about 30–40 % of that in the uniform areas of the excavation face model. An ideal criterion for the excavation face to be crushed successfully was established and the unknown parameters in it were obtained by fitting the test data. The gradation information and fractal dimension of crushing debris were obtained by the sieved-and-weighed method, which can provide indicators for the crushing effect of the disc cutters. Three different disc cutter poor performance modes in the heterogeneous strata cutting process were analyzed: (1) rotating starting failure of the disc cutters caused by tangential load insufficiency, (2) excavation face crushing failure caused by low crack extending capacities of the materials being cut and improper operating parameters (too small cutting depths or too large disc cutter spacing), and (3) adverse excavation face crushing forms (large or powdery debris). These analyses can help with the performance evaluation of disc cutters and the tunneling parameter adoption of the TBM in soft-hard varied strata tunneling engineering.
Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured Metals Using Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing: A Critical Assessment of Potentials and Challenges
Authors: Haghshenas Meysam , Simsiriwong Jutima
Published: July 2023

Ultrasonic fatigue testing has been extensively employed to assess the mechanical behavior of most engineering materials in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime (i.e., the number of cycles to failure beyond 107 cycles). Additionally, with the significant growth of interest in additively manufactured (AM) materials, ultrasonic fatigue testing has increasingly been utilized to evaluate the VHCF performance of various AM metallic materials. In this article, the potential and drawbacks of this testing method for AM metals are presented. Obtaining the ultralong life fatigue behavior in a reasonable time frame (i.e., rapid data generation), assessing the cyclic strain rate (frequency) sensitivity and evaluating the contribution of inevitable AM process-induced defects (i.e., porosity, unmelted powders, lack of fusion, etc.) are considered tangible opportunities in employing ultrasonic fatigue for AM materials. However, lack of test standards, frequency effect for certain material types, and small risk volume of the VHCF specimen that may not be a true representative of AM parts can be considered the main challenges of ultrasonic fatigue testing to obtain the VHCF response of AM metals. This article also reviews several research topics associated with the VHCF of AM metals that can potentially shape the future of research in this field for various applications.
An Introductory Guide to Skillful Therapist Positioning
Authors: Wand Glen , Pepe Tom
Published: August 2023

This article describes the concept of therapist positioning in a therapeutic relationship. It suggests that therapists retain flexibility of their positioning and have the capacity to skillfully choose positioning that optimizes responsiveness, with the aim of enhancing collaboration in the relationship with the client. While there are different therapeutic models with characteristic ways for therapists to communicate, the concept of therapist positioning is relevant across all of them. There is no “one size fits all” approach that is consistently responsive for individual clients and no one therapy approach that can guarantee a relationship in a spirit of collaboration with every client. We, the authors, suggest that the concepts and skills of therapist positioning set out a way of understanding that can improve therapists' practice. The aim of this article is to describe how this can be accomplished.
A Dynamic Balance between Neuronal Death and Clearance in anin VitroModel of Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Balena Trevor , Lillis Kyle , Rahmati Negah , Bahari Fatemeh , Dzhala Volodymyr , Berdichevsky Eugene , Staley Kevin
Published: August 2023

Inin vitromodels of acute brain injury, neuronal death may overwhelm the capacity for microglial phagocytosis, creating a queue of dying neurons awaiting clearance. Neurons undergoing programmed cell death are in this queue, and are the most visible and frequently quantified measure of neuronal death after injury. However, the size of this queue should be equally sensitive to changes in neuronal death and the rate of phagocytosis. Using rodent organotypic hippocampal slice cultures as a model of acute perinatal brain injury, serial imaging demonstrated that the capacity for microglial phagocytosis of dying neurons was overwhelmed for 2 weeks. Altering phagocytosis rates (e.g., by changing the number of microglia) dramatically changed the number of visibly dying neurons. Similar effects were generated when the visibility of dying neurons was altered by changing the membrane permeability for stains that label dying neurons. Canonically neuroprotective interventions, such as seizure blockade, and neurotoxic maneuvers, such as perinatal ethanol exposure, were mediated by effects on microglial activity and the membrane permeability of neurons undergoing programmed cell death. These canonically neuroprotective and neurotoxic interventions had either no or opposing effects on healthy surviving neurons identified by the ongoing expression of transgenic fluorescent proteins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInin vitromodels of acute brain injury, microglial phagocytosis is overwhelmed by the number of dying cells. Under these conditions, the assumptions on which assays for neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects are based are no longer valid. Thus, longitudinal assays of healthy cells, such as serial assessment of the fluorescence emission of transgenically expressed proteins, provide more accurate estimates of cell death than do single-time point anatomic or biochemical assays of the number of dying neurons. More accurate estimates of death ratesin vitrowill increase the translatability of preclinical studies of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.
Overstuffing the patellofemoral compartment in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Gupton Marco , Johnson Jordan E , Cummings G Robert , Deivaraju Chenthuran
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To systematically review and analyze the data available in the literature to evaluate the role of patellofemoral overstuffing in affecting clinical outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Only studies including primary total knee arthroplasty in the setting of osteoarthritis with a quantifiable method of measuring patellofemoral overstuffing using pre- and post-operative x-rays or advanced imaging, as well as reported subjective and/or objective patient outcomes in relation to patellofemoral overstuffing were included. Extracted data included patellofemoral overstuffing quantitative measurement method, outcome measurements, follow-up, patient demographics, author, and publication details. Descriptive analysis was provided for the available literature.

Results

There were six included articles with a total of 2325 TKAs assessed. All papers found no significant effect on clinical outcomes when the amount of PFJ overstuffing was within reason.

Conclusion

The amount of overstuffing that routinely takes place seems to be within tolerable limits and does not create a significant difference in clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, it is recommended to recreate the anatomic dimensions of the PFJ in order to best obtain a joint that is within this safe margin of error.
Crecimiento económico y condiciones sociales de la población considerada pobre o de mayor vulnerabilidad en el Perú
Authors: Gomero Gonzales Nicko Alberto , Barrantes Martínez Armando Martín
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el crecimiento económico y los indicadores de la extrema pobreza en el Perú. Método: La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, correlacional, aplicativo con un diseño no experimental; además, se utilizó el coeficiente de Pearson para determinar el grado y tipo de relación, y la información fue obtenida del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática para el periodo 2010-2021. La condición de pobreza y extrema pobreza se materializó en indicadores sociales que fueron contrastados con el crecimiento económico representado por el PBI per cápita. Resultados: A pesar del crecimiento económico evidenciado en el Perú en la última década, aún se observa la persistencia de indicadores sociales propios de la pobreza o población de alta vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: Al contrastar el PBI per cápita con los indicadores tecnológicos y sociales se llega a determinar que este indicador económico guarda relación positiva con la inclusión tecnológica, en la renta de las familias, en el uso del sistema de combustión y en el abastecimiento de agua potable en la sociedad de mayor vulnerabilidad social; sin embargo, estos resultados no condujeron al cierre de brechas que se evidencian de forma estructural en la población en pobreza extrema.
Financial inclusion in Peru: Appraisal and perspectives
Authors: Toledo Concha Emerson , León Reyes Víctor
Published: August 2023

Financial inclusion is a relevant matter that is constantly being looked upon, given its influence in reducing poverty and enabling the low-income population to access financial products and services, thus improving their living condition. This research aims to analyze the evolution of financial inclusion in Peru during the last seven years (2016-2022);also, it takes into consideration information from secondary source databases, such as reports from the World Bank, the Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, and the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú. The method used has a descriptive and explanatory design. The findings of the research provide evidence that 56% of the Peruvian population has access to financial services (64% in urban areas and 31% in rural areas), which falls below the goal of 75% set by the Peruvian government. This gap can be attributed to customer service costs, including in-person service or adequate infrastructure for better service (access limitations), and poor financial education (limiting broader usage).
Severe acute malnutrition among infants under 6 months of age in the teaching hospital of Borgou / Alibori in Northen Benin
Authors: MF Agbeille , A Noudamadjo , G Kpanidja , B Falola , E Ewassadja , JD Adedemy , J Agossou
Published: July 2023

Background: Acute malnutrition in infants under six months is a scourge that is little studied in relation to the global problem of child malnutrition. This paper aims to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome features of this phenomenon in the Teaching Hospital of Borgou /Alibori based in Parakou in northern Benin. Patients and methods: This was a two years case-control retrospective and descriptive study carried out in the pediatric care unit of the said hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. It included infants aged 1 to 6 months presenting with severe acute malnutrition defined according to the WHO criteria. Variables investigated were sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome-related. Results: Total of 78 out of 508 infants less than 6 months of age were severely malnourished (5.35%). Their mean age was 4.65 months±1.28. Contributory factors were early dietary diversification (69.2%), and maternal death (14.1%). Marasmus and kwashiorkor were their clinical expressions. Associated complications were gastrointestinal infections (38.5%), septicemia (17.9%), and HIV infection (5.1%). Diluted F-100 was the most used therapeutic food (46.1%) with a recovery rate estimated at 41% and mortality at 19.3%. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition in infants under six months of age is real and it involves three out of twenty infants admitted to the hospital. In-hospital mortality is significant. It is urgent to review the policies related to exclusive breast feeding promotion.
Research on Students’ Knowledge about Bulgarian Sports
Authors: Zheleva-Terzieva Donka
Published: July 2023

The ultimate goal of school-age physical education training is to achieve harmonious development and physical and mental perfection, and the expected results are achieved through the formation of competencies in the field of physical culture practice. In order for a person to be competent, he/she must possess a certain amount of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are essential components of the learning content. Through the article, a study is made on the available knowledge of the students in the field of Bulgarian sports. The method of pedagogical research didactic test was used. The contingent of the research is 88 students from the high school stage of the secondary level of education from 7 schools in the District of Stara Zagora. After statistical processing of the data, the obtained results show the presence of knowledge about the famous successful Bulgarian athletes, but insignificant, incorrect and incomplete knowledge about their most significant sports achievements. The information is acquired from various sources - primarily from TV sports broadcasts.
The management of the proceeds of the enterprise, taking into account the effectiveness of its activities based on the SFA model
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control System and Radioelectronics, Alimkhanova Aliya , Mitsel Artur ,   Tomsk State University of Control System and Radioelectronics
Published: August 2023

Actual, which requires an effective solution, is considered the task of managing the revenue of the enterprise. In the domestic literature, this topic is not given enough attention. In practice, most enterprises introduce the revenue management methodology based on foreign experience.Revenue is the main source of cash receipts specifically from the main activity of the enterprise, as well as one of the main factors affecting the functioning of the enterprise. As a result, the amount of revenue is extremely important for the company - it should be sufficient in order to ensure the repayment of all expenses of the company and the formation of the necessary volume of profit. However, the value is not the only important characteristic of revenue, the stability of revenue in time and the regularity of its receipt are no less important.The aim of this work is to develop a dynamic model of the management of the enterprise, which differs from the model known in the literature, taking into account the parameter of the efficiency of the enterprise.As a method to assess the effectiveness of the enterprise, the parametric method of Stochastic Frontier Analysis is used. As input and output, financial indicators are used.The model was checked for 9 russian enterprises (6 operating enterprises and3 bankrupt enterprises) for the period from 2013 to 2020, related to one all - Russian classifier of types of economic activity. Data collection is made using the SPARK system, which allows you to select enterprises for research on the status of an enterprise (bankrupt / current), by the size of the enterprise (large / medium / small / micro), etc.As an example, two enterprises were considered, of which one current, another bankrupt. The calculations on the built modified model showed the possibility of using the management of the proceedings of the enterprise with the desired pace of changes and with the parameter of the effectiveness of the activity.
EFFECT OF EXTRUSION ON PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE
Authors: Iegorov B. , Makarynska A. , Kananykhina O. , Turpurova T.
Published: August 2023

Today, in Ukraine, the issue of producing high-quality and safe livestock products is solved by the introduction of intensive technologies that involve the use of various feed additives, including vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, macro- and microelements. In recent years, the development of feed additives using live cultures of microorganisms, so-called probiotic products, has attracted much attention of scientists. The strategy in the creation of these products is aimed, first of all, at ensuring the physiological needs of the animal body in biologically active substances. The addition of probiotic supplements to feed increases the bioavailability of nutrients, health, immunity, performance and conservation of animals. Probiotic feed additive EnzActive is a special product on the market of feed additives, the addition of which to feed is aimed at reducing, and in the future, the complete elimination of the use of antibiotics in animal feeding. The article examines the mechanism of action of active fodder yeast on the body of farm animals and proves that the use of active fodder yeast in animal feeding helps reduce the cost of feed due to better assimilation by the animal's body and reduction of morbidity among animals. Methods of introduction of active fodder yeast into the technological process of compound feed production are analyzed. On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the extrusion of grain raw materials with active fodder yeast is proposed, which involves preliminary mixing with crushed grain raw materials to obtain a highly homogeneous and stable composition. The physical properties of the feed additive, which includes corn grain and active feed yeast EnzActive, were experimentally determined, which indicate that, compared to the loose, extruded feed additive, it has the following advantages: the mass fraction of moisture decreases by 24.4%, the natural slope angle increases by 11, 6%, the flowability decreases by 48.2%, and the volumetric weight decreases by 24%. When extruding corn grain with active fodder yeast, the degree of starch dextrinization is 59%, and the extrudate expansion index is 2.3. Microbiological indicators were determined, which indicate that the number of yeast cells in extruded grain with active feed yeast EnzActive was only 6% compared to the number of yeast cells in untreated corn grain with active feed yeast.
Gamma Delta T Cells: Role in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Amajala Krishna Chaitanya , Gudivada Indu Priya , Malla Rama Rao
Published: August 2023

The most typical type of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops from hepatocyte loss. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis C and cirrhosis are the leading causes of HCC. With the Hepatitis B vaccine and medicines, there are several treatments for HCC, including liver resection, ablation, transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, radiation embolization, and targeted therapy. Currently, a wide range of studies are carried out on gene therapy to identify biomarkers and pathways, which help us identify the exact stage of the disorder and reduce its effects. γδT cells have recently received much interest as a potential cancer treatment method in adaptive immunotherapy. γδT cells can quickly form connections between receptor and ligand activation. They can clonally expand and are a significant source of cytokines and chemokines. The present review provides a comprehensive understanding on the function of γδT cells in immunotherapies and how they are used to treat HCC.
Diseño de un plan de intervención psicosocial con población víctima o sobreviviente del conflicto armado
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, García Jiménez Bibiana
Published: August 2023

Esta guía facilita la realización de un ejercicio práctico, el cual busca brindar al estudiante parámetros para elaborar un plan de intervención psicosocial. Quiere abordar diversas problemáticas, especialmente se contempla la intervención con población sobreviviente del conflicto armado. Cada punto es un paso a paso en el aprendizaje y orientación pedagógica que requiere todo proceso de intervención. En este caso, dirige las actividades en función de la comprensión del sentido y significado que debe contener el diseño de todo proceso interventivo. El proceso inicia con la creación de una historia de vida, que trata de acercar al estudiante a la realidad del país. Luego de esto, se comparten las historias de vida, para lo cual se subdivide el curso en grupos. Cada uno de estos efectúa un análisis profundo con relación a la historia de vida asignada y en esta identifica los aspectos que se han de intervenir desde una competencia psicosocial y en relación con otras disciplinas. En este último aspecto, los estudiantes se encargan de construir un formato de remisión, completarlo adecuadamente y elaborar un informe que incluya las acciones tomadas para evaluar la efectividad de las remisiones. Además, identifican las rutas de atención y los enlaces de contacto principales para las problemáticas mencionadas por las personas sobrevivientes al conflicto armado. Con lo anterior, los estudiantes diseñan un plan de intervención psicosocial, el cual puede contener entre tres y cuatro fases, cada una con un objetivo general y tres específicos. Así mismo, y según el docente estime, podrá solicitar a sus estudiantes mínimo un taller para el desarrollo de cada uno de los objetivos específicos en cada fase.
Salud mental en Colombia: revisión documental de estudios recientes
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Durán Sánchez Juliana Vanessa
Published: August 2023

Esta nota de clase está dirigida a los estudiantes de práctica clínica en psicología. Su objetivo es mostrar un panorama general de la salud mental en el país. Inicialmente, se hace una definición general del concepto de “salud mental”. Luego, se resumen cuatro artículos científicos actuales que hablan de la salud mental desde diferentes perspectivas, entre ellas los enfoques teóricos del concepto, la normativa en salud mental del país y la situación de la salud mental a la luz de encuestas nacionales en salud mental. En conclusión, los estudios revisados evidenciaron un enfoque principalmente clínico y patologista en las investigaciones relacionadas con la salud mental en Colombia. Sin embargo, no se han generado los mecanismos de atención en salud necesarios para atender todas las problemáticas.
An Investigation of the Effect of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Symptoms Related to Social Interaction Dimensions of Autism
Authors: ULAŞ Sümeyye
Published: August 2023

Autism is a disorder that includes a variety of symptoms related to social interaction, communication, and limited sets of interests. It has been clearly stated in the literature that children experience various compliance and behavioral problems due to these symptoms. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), which has just been validated for Turkish culture, on a 67-month-old girl with an autism diagnosis and behavioral problems. PCIT, which takes the interaction between the parent and the child with play therapy techniques, is a parent-mediated early intervention approach, not therapist-oriented. In addition to behavioral and compliance problems, this study aimed to determine whether PCIT, an interaction-based approach, has any effect on social interaction symptoms, one of the clusters of autism symptoms. Based on this aim, the study was conducted in accordance with a case report. In this study, the Eyberg Child Behavior Scale (ECBI) and Child Behavior Weekly Assessment Tool (WACB-P) in the PCIT were used to assess behavioral and compliance problems, while the Social Communication Checklist-Revised Form (SILKOL-R-OTV) was used to determine the effect on autism symptoms. Ethics committee approval was obtained during the study process and the consent of the participants was obtained with an informed consent form. The DPICS coding form was used for observation data. The results showed that PCIT was effective in improving social participation, communication, imitation, and play skills, as well as compliance and behavioral problems in children diagnosed with atypical autism. The obtained results were discussed in the light of the literature, and suggestions were presented to the researchers.
Mucoadhesive polymeric systems for vaginal drug delivery: a systemic review
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Hernández-González Maryel , Rodríguez-González Claudia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Hernández-Paz Juan ,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Olivas-Armendáriz Imelda ,   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez
Published: August 2023

Intravaginal drug administration has many advantages in comparison to other delivery routes: its local and systemic effect, lower dosages, and easiness of administration. Furthermore, makes it a reliable and comfortable way of therapy. This route can be used to prevent and treat a wide range of conditions including, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hormonal treatment, birth control, and cancer treatment. The dosage forms may vary from ovules, tablets, rings, gels, creams, films and many more; lately adding the mucoadhesiveness to the characteristics to reduce the waste of active molecules. This review focuses on the way mucoadhesive polymeric systems have been applied in vaginal delivery. This review presents a bibliographical compilation of results from various investigations published in scientific databases: Science Direct, SciELO, and PubMed Central. Results compiled demonstrate that the intravaginal drug administration can be an alternative form of medication for women with more stable and prolonged results than traditional routes requiring lower doses and avoiding the first-pass effect.
The gravilastic equation and the emergence of gravity waves in large earthquakes
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna
Published: July 2023

Structural collapse on soft ground is one of several emergent effects in the nonlinear complex soil-building system. The gravilastic stress-strain equation is derived from first principles, and we show that it may lead to a phase transition from Rayleigh to gravity waves at large cyclic strains. Instability of high-rise buildings may be caused by a combination of prograde particle motion and short wavelengths. The effect of large amplifications on soft ground may be less critical in terms of damage than is the emergence in specific geological environments of prograde surface waves.
Regional Network focal mechanism determination using 3D velocity model andSH/Pamplitude ratio
Authors: Rau Ruey-Juin , Wu Francis T. , Shin Tzay-Chyn
Published: July 2023

High-quality focal mechanisms within the Taiwan Seismic Network are determined utilizing first motions, SH/P amplitude ratios, and hypocentral locations obtained in a joint tomographic inversion. The small-to-moderate (2.7 ≦ ML ≦ 5.7) events, ranging in depths from 3 to 43 km, occurred in the area where mountain building is taking place. The data used were recorded between March 1991 and July 1994. Of the 97 earthquakes studied, the focal mechanisms of 23 of these determined on the basis of a 3D velocity model are remarkably different from the routine 1D results. In order to correct for the effect of attenuation on P- and S-wave amplitudes, QP and QS are determined using the spectral ratio method. QP ranges from 289 to 330 and QS from 201 to 301. The SH/P amplitude ratios are found to be very effective as constraints for choosing the best solutions among those consistent with the polarities. The resulting focal mechanisms show a high degree of variability across the island, but in terms of tectonic stress regimes, they show consistent patterns. They provide a glimpse of the mechanical processes under the Taiwan orogen.
Earthquake source spectra in eastern North America
Authors: Haddon R. A. W.
Published: July 2023

A new model for average earthquake S-wave source spectra in eastern North America (ENA) is derived. The model is consistent with fundamental elasto-dynamic principles, as well as the familiar spectral scaling laws appropriate to sources having geometrical and dynamical similarity. Observed characteristics of S-wave spectra in ENA are fully explained as simple consequences of directivity effects entailed by the classical crack rupture model (Kostrov, 1964; Madariaga, 1976), with “normal” effective stresses of the order of 100 bars and fractional stress drop (Brune, 1970): abnormally high stress drops are not required. Recognition of the fundamental role of directivity explains most features of observed data that are currently interpreted as “anomalous”. Among other things, neglect of such effects is shown to be responsible for the conclusion by Boatwright and Choy (1992) and Boore and Atkinson (1992) that high-frequency spectral levels for the magnitude 6 Saguenay earthquake of 1988 are anomalously large. Other important implications of the new model are that some previously inferred systematic variations in Brune stress drop, with magnitude, are simply artifacts of the invalid use of the standard Brune (1970, 1971) model assumption and that current estimates of Q in ENA, which depend on this assumption, are likely to be significantly too large for high frequencies. Associated uncertainties allow the possibility that effective stress does not vary significantly with magnitude, for earthquakes having magnitudes in the range of − 4 to + 7.

The new model suggests that some currently favored source spectra may under-estimate spectral amplitudes of future larger earthquakes in ENA, by as much as a factor of 6, for some frequencies. The proposed new spectra are practically identical with those of the Brune standard model for an effective stress of 100 bars, for frequencies up to about twice the Brune corner frequency, but then increase to values 3 times larger over a range of about 4 in frequency. As such, the high-frequency spectral levels are equivalent to standard Brune model values for earthquakes of one full magnitude unit larger, with consequent important implications for seismic hazard estimates in the region.
Urban seismology—Northridge aftershocks recorded by multi-scale arrays of portable digital seismographs
Authors: Meremonte Mark , Frankel Arthur , Cranswick Edward , Carver David , Worley David
Published: July 2023

We deployed portable digital seismographs in the San Fernando Valley (SFV), the Los Angeles basin (LAB), and surrounding hills to record aftershocks of the 17 January 1994 Northridge California earthquake. The purpose of the deployment was to investigate factors relevant to seismic zonation in urban areas, such as site amplification, sedimentary basin effects, and the variability of ground motion over short baselines. We placed seismographs at 47 sites (not all concurrently) and recorded about 290 earthquakes with magnitudes up to 5.1 at five stations or more. We deployed widely spaced stations for profiles across the San Fernando Valley, as well as five dense arrays (apertures of 200 to 500 m) in areas of high damage, such as the collapsed Interstate 10 overpass, Sherman Oaks, and the collapsed parking garage at CalState Northridge. Aftershock data analysis indicates a correlation of site amplification with mainshock damage. We found several cases where the site amplification depended on the azimuth of the aftershock, possibly indicating focusing from basin structures. For the parking garage array, we found large ground-motion variabilities (a factor of 2) over 200-m distances for sites on the same mapped soil unit. Array analysis of the aftershock seismograms demonstrates that sizable arrivals after the direct S waves consist of surface waves traveling from the same azimuth as that of the epicenter. These surface waves increase the duration of motions and can have frequencies as high as about 4 Hz. For the events studied here, we do not observe large arrivals reflected from the southern edge of the San Fernando Valley.
Inversion of local earthquake data for site response in San Diego, California
Authors: van de Vrugt H. , Day S. , Magistrale H. , Weddberg J.
Published: July 2023

Portable seismic stations were deployed in the San Diego area to investigate local site effects on weak ground motion. We analyzed horizontal S-wave recordings from 161 local and near-regional earthquakes, using a least-squares matrix factorization (LSMF) inversion algorithm to separate the site effects from the combined effects of the source and path. Recording sites included stations underlain by Holocene fill, alluvium, bay sediments and artificial fill, Quaternary and Tertiary formational deposits, and crystalline rock exhibiting various degrees of weathering. Spectral ratios of S-wave coda were also used to estimate site response at two of the study sites. The coda analysis results were consistent with the results obtained from the inversion analysis. Results indicate that severe amplifications are present at some sites underlain by holocene deposits but demonstrate that surface geology alone provide an inadequate foundation for microzonation. Site-response amplifications up to a factor of 15, relative to a crystalline rock reference site, were observed at one site underlain by artificial fill and bay sediments. Yet a second site underlain by bay sediments exhibited a site response nearly 75% lower than the other bay sediment site, consistent with the site response observed at sites underlain by more indurated deposits. The site response observed at the Quaternary and Tertiary sedimentary sites was fairly consistent with the response of the younger alluvial sites, which may be attributable to the relatively shallow burial of the formational deposits in San Diego. The site responses at all five crystalline rock sites included in the study were very similar at frequencies below 4 Hz, and four of the five were similar up to 10 Hz, becoming more distinct at higher frequency. Seismic P-wave and S-wave refraction data collected at the crystalline rock sites demonstrate that deviations in response at higher frequencies are attributable to the presence of weathered horizons in the near surface at these sites.
Application of ground-penetrating radar to investigation of near-surface fault properties in the San Francisco Bay region
Authors: Cai Jun , McMechan George A. , Fisher Michael A.
Published: July 2023

In many geologic environments, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provides high-resolution images of near-surface Earth structure. GPR data collection is nondestructive and very economical. The scale of features detected by GPR lies between those imaged by high-resolution seismic reflection surveys and those exposed in trenches and is therefore potentially complementary to traditional techniques for fault location and mapping. Sixty-two GPR profiles were collected at 12 sites in the San Francisco Bay region. Results show that GPR data correlate with large-scale features in existing trench observations, can be used to locate faults where they are buried or where their positions are not well known, and can identify previously unknown fault segments. The best data acquired were on a profile across the San Andreas fault, traversing Pleistocene terrace deposits south of Olema in Marin County; this profile shows a complicated multi-branched fault system from the ground surface down to about 40 m, the maximum depth for which data were recorded.
Regional event discrimination without transporting thresholds
Authors: Fisk Mark D. , Gray Henry L. , McCartor Gary D.
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on assessing discrimination performance for regional seismic events using a multivariate statistical method for outlier detection. The approach is motivated by the lack of seismic calibration data for underground nuclear explosions in most regions and the difficulty associated with transporting regional discriminants. The procedure is fully automated to flag events warranting special attention. It also allows control of the false alarm rate and a natural way to rank events. Regional data sets, consisting of nuclear explosions, mining blasts, and earthquakes, recorded by the ARCESS and GERESS arrays in Norway and Germany, respectively, station WMQ in China, and stations KNB and MNV in the western United States, are presented and compared. The outlier-test procedure is applied in each region, using Pn/Lg, Pn/Sn, and Pg/Lg in several frequency bands from 3 to 8 Hz. Identification and false alarm rates are estimated for each region using a standard set of discriminants, provided measurements were available for the events. At 0.01 significance level, between 87% and 100% of the nuclear explosions and quarry blasts are identified as outliers of the respective earthquake groups in the various regions. Overall, 209 of 229 (91%) explosions were identified as outliers, and there were only two false alarms out of 143 earthquakes (1.4%), slightly higher than the target rate of 1%. These results were obtained for diverse geological regions, for a wide range of epicentral distances and magnitudes, and for single stations and arrays.
Modeling the effect of San Andreas fault structure on receiver functions using elastic 3D finite difference
Authors: Hammer John K. , Langston Charles A.
Published: July 2023

Teleseismic P-wave data collected at the San Andreas Observatory (SAO) seismic station show strong frequency-dependent, nonrectilinear particle motions consisting of off-azimuth horizontal displacements that are sometimes larger than the vertical displacements. The azimuthal dependence of the horizontal components amplitude is directly related to the symmetry of the fault zone. A 3D finite-difference program (Frankel and Vidale, 1992) is used to examine the response of the San Andreas fault-zone velocity structure to incident teleseismic P waves. Synthetic seismograms are formed using a 3D representation of an assumed 2D fault-zone structure. The fault-zone velocity model produces large-amplitude phases that contain combinations of refracted and internally reflected P-to-S converted phases, diffractions, and possible P-to-Rayleigh converted phases. The largest-amplitude phases observed in the data are nondispersive and have complicated particle motions confined to the vertical plane perpendicular to the fault zone. The data are fit best by synthetic receiver functions for field points similar to the location of SAO relative to the San Andreas fault zone. Since the velocity model used in the computations is nonunique, sensitivity studies were performed by modifying the structure. Synthetics match the timing and nature of the observed phases at SAO showing that assumption of plane-layered structure is invalid in the area of this station.
Large-amplitude Moho reflections (SmS) from Landers aftershocks, southern California
Authors: Mori Jim , Helmberger Donald
Published: July 2023

Closely spaced aftershocks of the 28 June 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) were used to make event record sections that show the transverse components of S and SmS arrivals at a distance of 70 to 170 km. For the data recorded toward the north in the Mojave desert, large SmS phases are observed with amplitudes 2 to 5 times greater than the direct S. For similar distances to the south, the SmS arrival is comparable to or smaller than the S. Comparisons to synthetic seismograms indicate that the large-amplitude SmS phases are produced by the simple crustal structure of the Mojave desert that allows a large Moho reflection. In contrast, the more complex geologic structure to the south partitions the seismic energy into a more complicated set of seismic phases, so that the Moho reflection is diminished in amplitude. The large SmS phases observed in the Mojave enhance the overall ground motions by a factor of 2 to 3. This suggests that when damaging earthquakes occur in other regions of simple crustal structures, Moho reflections will produce amplified strong motions at distance ranges around 100 km depending on the local structure.
Nonlinear soil response—A reality?
Authors: Beresnev Igor  A. , Wen Kuo-Liang
Published: July 2023

Geotechnical models consistently indicate that the stress-strain relationship of soils is nonlinear and hysteretic, especially at shear strains larger than ∼10−5 to 10−4. Nonlinear effects, such as an increase in damping and reduction in shear-wave velocity as excitation strength increases, are commonly recognized in the dynamic loading of soils. On the other hand, these effects are usually ignored in seismological models of ground-motion prediction because of the lack of compelling corroborative evidence from strong-motion observations. The situation is being changed by recently obtained data. Explicit evidence of strong-motion deamplification, accompanied by changes in resonant frequencies, are found in the data from the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, and the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquakes, the events recorded by the vertical and surface accelerograph arrays in Taiwan, as well as a number of other events throughout the world. Evidence of nonlinear behavior becomes apparent beyond a threshold acceleration of ∼100 to 200 gal. Nonlinearity is considerable in cohesionless soil but may be negligible in stiff soils. The findings of recent years indicate that nonlinear site effects are more common than previously recognized in strong-motion seismology.
Latinas’ Identity Exploration in STEM During COVID-19
Authors: Contreras Aguirre Hilda Cecilia
Published: August 2023

Latina students’ challenges as a minoritized group in Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics (STEM) programs call for a deeper understanding of their social and academic identities, which are crucial aspects in successfully navigating rigorous STEM programs. Through a qualitative approach, seven Latina college students were interviewed at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) during COVID-19, to gain insight into their experiences as they develop their social and academic identities. The findings of the study revealed three key factors influencing Latinas’ social and science identity formation: 1) culture and gender experiences prior to and during the pandemic; 2) the ongoing search for a science identity through female role models despite the inadequate representation of Latina STEM faculty; and 3) the participants’ self-advocacy to achieve academic success. Lastly, the continued challenges the students experienced related to the global pandemic, rigorous STEM academic programs, and the need for a coherent science identity were explored.
Citizens’ Adoption of an E-Health System During the Pandemic
Authors: Mina Faye Lorraine P. , Batara Enrique B. , Hussien Eucil P. , Lavilles Rabby Q.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the behavioral intention of PhilHealth members to adopt My PhilHealth Portal using an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Variables from this theory were operationalized through indicators which were then translated into a self-reported online survey questionnaire distributed through email and Facebook. Purposive-homogeneous sampling was used to determine the sample size from the target population who are Cagayan de Oro City based PhilHealth formal economy members employed in either private or public sector. The data from the online survey was tested for reliability using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 20), and the Cronbach’s alpha (1951) coefficient was used to assess the validity of variables. To determine the causal relationship of variables on specific constructs, data were processed using licensed versions of IBM SPSS AMOS (version 26) to perform Structural Equation Modelling, which will further show the account for a specific impact of the constructs and moderating variables to behavioral intention. It is cross-sectional in nature and conducted within a short period of time. Citizens’ perceptions towards the adoption of My PhilHealth Portal can change over time as new knowledge and experiences will be accumulated. Therefore, future studies could employ a longitudinal design to obtain more accurate findings that are relevant to the general public’s adoption of government portals. Findings show that citizens’ behavioral intention to adopt My PhilHealth Portal is influenced by their trust on internet, trust on government, effort expectancy, and their perceived competence. However, the selected moderating variables appear to have no significant effect on TOI, TOG, EE, and PC to BI.
Content of Policy and Context of Implementation in Tourism Sector: Case Bintan Regency to Handling Covid-19
Authors: Mahadiansar Mahadiansar , Wijaya Andy Fefta , Wanto Alfi Haris , Hardayat Firda
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses efforts to strengthen policy implementation in handling COVID-19 in the tourism sector in Indonesia as a form of strengthening every tourism policy. This study uses the grindle concept to identify Policy Content and Implementation Context in Handling COVID-19 in the Tourism Sector of Bintan Regency. The method used is a qualitative approach including data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation so that the data obtained are tested using NVivo 12 Pro, then analyzed with a triangulation approach. The results of the study indicate that the emphasis on handling COVID-19 in the tourism sector in the Regency needs to be strengthened by existing stakeholders, meaning that on the Policy Content side it consists of the interests affected, types of benefits, degree of change, location of decision making, program implementation and resources used. still focused on central regulations and rules so that local government authorities cannot initiate policy strategies for handling COVID-19 in the tourism sector in Bintan Regency. showed a good contribution in handling COVID-19 in the tourism sector in Bintan Regency.
Responsibility of Digital-Based Complain Services at the Honor Board of Election Organizers of the Republic of Indonesia (DKPP RI) During Pandemic
Authors: Agani Muh. Hasbi Azis , Mustari Nuryanti , Harakan Ahmad , Hartaman Nursaleh
Published: July 2023

In public services, responsiveness or responsiveness is one of the benchmarks for good governance. Enforcement of the code of ethics against violations of election administration (KPU and Bawaslu) committed by the DKPP RI as an institution for enforcing the code of ethics for election organizers. Data from the DKPP stated that from 2018 to 2021 there were 1,546 complaints that came in through digital media, peaking in 2020 during the pandemic so that in the service of complaints carried out by the DKPP RI RI, it is necessary to have service responsiveness in receiving reports/complaints from reporters, which makes DKPP RI an institution that integrity. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data analysis using NVivo 12 Plus. By using 6 indicators of responsiveness of the results obtained. The successful achievement of digital-based complaint services at the Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Republik Indonesia (DKPP RI) during the pandemic uses 6 indicators, namely “the ability to respond to the community, officers have provided good attitudes and communication; speed of service, officers have shown alertness and sincerity in serving; accuracy of service, officers have been focused and serious in their work; service accuracy, officers have worked in accordance with the SOP; timeliness of service, officers work in accordance with incoming reports; the ability to respond to complaints, officers are able to respond to complaints and provide the best solutions.