bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SMOOTH CHANGE OF THE LIGHT SPECTRUM IN POULTRY HOUSES DURING THE PERIOD OF RAISING BROILER CHICKENS ON THEIR GROWTH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Drachuk Inna , Ryabinina Elena , Melnik Vladimir , Rudaуа Svеtlana , Chaplygin E. M.
Published: January 2021

The positive influence of monochromatic and combined monochromatic light of a certain spectrum on the performance of broiler chickens is known. However, in different age periods of cultivation, the optimal spectrum is different. At the same time, in the well-known studies, during the entire growing period, the light of the same color range was used or it changed discretely – by a sharp transition from one to another, which, in our opinion, does not allow to fully use the advantages of monochromatic and combined monochromatic lighting. Given the above, our research aimed to study the effect of a smooth change in the light spectrum in the house during the period of broiler chickens growing on their growth and development. The lighting options were investigated: 1st – white light (5000 K) throughout the growing period; 2nd – up to 10 days green (540-570 nm), from the 11th day of cultivation – blue light (470-500 nm); 3rd – combined green-blue (50% / 50%) light during the entire growing period; 4th –combined green-blue light during the entire growing period with a smooth change in their ratio from 0 % blue and 100 % green at the daily age to 100% blue and 0% green at 6 weeks of age. As light sources used LED lamps. It was found that the last option of lighting contributed to the increase in live weight of broiler chickens at 6 weeks of age by 144.8 g or 5.6 % compared with those that were grown under white light (P<0.05). Broilers that were raised under this spectrum of light also tended to have an advantage in weight compared to chickens that were raised under other lighting options. No statistically significant difference was found between broiler chickens that were raised under various lighting options and for the safety of birds, feed conversion and slaughter yield.
Opportunity Recognition: Gender and Family Business Background Comparison
Authors: - Christina , Nuradhi Maureen , Kristanti Lili
Published: January 2021

Opportunity recognition is the first nascent step towards entrepreneurship. Previous study shows that gender and family business exposure plays a significant role for entrepreneurs to start a business.  The objective of this study is to find out if there is any difference in opportunity recognition based on gender and family business background. The sample size of this study is 413 students who are taking the Entrepreneurial Global Innovation subject in the fourth semester at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, comprising 234 males and 179 females. The data was taken at the end of the semester which also coincided with the pandemic covid-19 situation. The data that has been collected is analyzed using independent sample t-test. The result of the study reveals that there is a difference in opportunity recognition between students with family business backgrounds and students without family business background. The other result of this study is that there is no difference in opportunity recognition between male and female.This study contributes to entrepreneurship education especially in term of opportunity recognition and how it is differ between students who have family business background and those who don’t. Further research needs to be done to ascertain whether gender equality in entrepreneurship has actually been achieved.
EFEITOS DO TREINAMENTO MUSCULAR INSPIRATÓRIO ASSOCIADO À BANDAGEM FUNCIONAL DIAFRAGMÁTICA EM UM PACIENTE LESADO MEDULAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Santos Roger de Lima , Veiga Alana Martins da , Sturmer Giovani , Keller Kalina Durigon , Nicolodi Graziela Valle
Published: January 2021

A lesão medular é uma lesão grave na coluna vertebral que leva a limitações como fraqueza muscular respiratória. Por isso, são necessárias técnicas de reabilitação para essa musculatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) associado à bandagem elástica funcional em um paciente com lesão medular. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado em Cruz Alta-RS, Brasil, nas dependências da Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Universidade de Cruz Alta (Unicruz), e no domicílio do paciente, durante sete semanas, sendo dividido em primeira etapa: TMI realizado por quatro semanas e segunda etapa: associação da bandagem elástica ao TMI por três semanas. O TMI foi realizado com carga de 30% da PImax, cinco vezes na semana durante 10 minutos, duas vezes ao dia. Anterior ao uso da fita foi higienizada a pele com álcool 70% e feita tricotomia, a aplicação ocorreu com o sujeito sentado, em formato de “I” na região diafragmática com tensão de 20%. Isoladamente o TMI promoveu um aumento gradativo nos valores de força muscular respiratória. Quando associado à aplicação de bandagem funcional na região do diafragma, o valor correspondente a PImax aumentou, sendo que passou de 150 cmH2O para 170 cmH2O. Com relação ao valor de PEmax, também apresentou aumento, porém mais discreto de 140 cmH2O para 150 cmH2O. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstra que o TMI isoladamente promoveu aumento nos valores de força muscular respiratória, quando associado à bandagem elástica, parece ter um melhor resultado sem alterações nos valores hemodinâmicos.
PREVALÊNCIA DE TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS COMUNS E FATORES DE RISCO ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Penha Joaquim Rangel Lucio , De Oliveira Cleide Correia , De Sousa Joyce Freitas
Published: January 2021

O estudo objetivou analisar a prevalência dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) entre os graduandos de uma universidade pública do interior do estado do Ceará e identificar os fatores de risco que predispõem aos TMC entre estudantes. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 192 universitários, matriculados e frequentando a universidade. O instrumento de coleta foi utilizado um questionário para obtenção de dados relativos a identificação sócia-demográfica dos participantes e a versão brasileira do Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), instrumento validado que avalia o estado de sofrimento mental dos indivíduos. A maioria dos participantes é do sexo feminino (74,5%). A prevalência de TMC na população estudada correspondeu a 69,8% dos estudantes. A cobrança pessoal dos estudantes avaliados foi elevada, correspondendo a 67,7% dos casos, e destes 50% apresentam TMC. Os participantes que possuem TMC apresentaram dificuldade para dormir (43,2%) e desconforto físico (52,6%); apresentaram durante a infância e/ou adolescência as seguintes situações: medo (3,1%), timidez (9,9%), ansiedade (6,3%), bullying (2,6%), reprovações (0,5%), entre outros. Os estudantes com TMC possuiam as seguintes fontes de tensão durante a vida universitária: graduação em si (21,9%), provas e seminários (8,9%), professor (3,1%), disciplina (2,1%), estágios (1%), falta de tempo (1%), entre outros. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de fortalecimento de atividades para melhorar o estado de saúde mental dos universitários, onde há a necessidade de desenvolverem uma assistência psicopedagógica de forma efetiva no decorrer de toda a graduação.
ANÁLISE SOCIAL DOS DETERMINANTES E CONDICIONANTES EM SAÚDE PARA HEPATITE A
Authors: Neto João Cruz , Alencar Lara Pereira Leite , Silva Nadilânia Oliveira da , Sousa Maria Lucilândia de , Alves Héryka Laura Calú , Albuquerque Grayce Alencar
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se revisar a produção científica referente aos aspectos determinantes e condicionantes sociais em saúde e sua relação com práticas de enfrentamento à Hepatite A. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa com cunho descritivo, subsidiada pela análise dos determinantes e condicionantes sociais da saúde. O estudo revelou o processo de enfrentamento da doença através da implementação de políticas públicas que visam, principalmente, o saneamento básico. Contudo, a infecção permanece latente em todas as partes do mundo sendo identificada em quatro tipos. A administração deficiente dos recursos públicos levou a novas metas de desenvolvimento do milênio com foco no tratamento de água e esgoto além de estratégias que possibilitem melhores condições de vida e trabalho.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PRODUÇÃO AUDIOVISUAL NA CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO E CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO DO PAPEL DE MENINAS E MULHERES NA CIÊNCIA E NA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA
Authors: Lauterbach Victoria , Vargas e Silva Fernanda , Aquim Patrice Monteiro de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo relata como a produção audiovisual pode incentivar o ingresso de meninas nas carreiras científicas. Através do projeto de extensão Meninas na Ciência: Tecendo Redes, da Universidade Feevale, em 2019 e 2020, foram elaborados mais de dez vídeos com entrevistas de mulheres que atuam na ciência. Os vídeos foram utilizados em salas de aula do Ensino Médio para incentivar o ingresso e despertar o interesse das meninas pelas áreas da ciência. Aos alunos e alunas foi também disponibilizado, junto aos vídeos do projeto, um questionário com seis perguntas. As respostas do questionário afirmam a importância da mulher na ciência e demonstram o significado dos vídeos para as meninas. Além de incentivar o ingresso nas áreas STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathemamatics), a produção audiovisual posiciona a mulher na sociedade, mostra ações importantes de mulheres na ciência e a necessidade das meninas continuarem esse trabalho.
PERFIL DE IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS PARTICIPANTES DE PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO E BENEFÍCIOS AOS ENVOLVIDOS
Authors: Anjos Mylena Stefany Silva dos , Silveira Nathalia Arnoldi , Fava Petersen , Pilger Simone , Deuschle Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes , Costa Dinara Hansen
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever o perfil dos idosos envolvidos no projeto de Extensão “Ações Interdisciplinares voltadas aos Idosos Institucionalizados e Cuidadores” bem como as atividades realizadas, destacando os benefícios para a formação acadêmica e qualidade de vida dos idosos. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quali-quantitativa, por meio do levantamento de dados das fichas de avaliação/evolução da Fisioterapia e prontuários dos idosos, além da descrição das atividades desenvolvidas, no período entre setembro de 2016 a outubro de 2017, em uma ILPI localizada no noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os idosos foram divididos em dois grupos: dependentes e independentes. Em idosos dependentes (acamados) o objetivo das intervenções foi diminuir atrofias musculares, rigidez muscular e imobilidade no leito. Com os idosos independentes ou parcialmente dependentes foram realizados atendimentos em grupo. As atividades tinham o objetivo de manutenção e ganho de amplitude de movimento e mobilidade articular, melhora da deambulação, equilíbrio, motricidade, estímulo da memória e coordenação motora. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino e as patologias mais recorrentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, depressão e problemas cardiovasculares. As ações realizadas a partir do projeto de extensão proporcionaram aos idosos diferentes atividades que promoveram a saúde, a qualidade de vida e mudanças no estilo de vida, além de aproximar os acadêmicos da realidade social, viabilizando o acesso à comunidade, a socialização e trocas de experiências.
Implementasi dashboard smart energy untuk pengontrolan rumah pintar pada perangkat bergerak berbasis internet of things
Authors: Ahdan Syaiful , Redy Susanto Erliyan
Published: January 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) adalah sebuah konsep yang dapat memperluas konektivitas yang terhubung dengan jaringan global, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat kendali yang memanfaatkan teknologi jaringan internet dengan menghubungkan sebuah perangkat melalui sistem pada perangkat seluler, kontribusi pada penelitian ini adalah membangun perangkat energi pintar yang diimplementasikan pada fitur rumah pintar yang telah dihubungkan dengan perangkat sensor sehingga peralatan elektronik dapat dikontrol sesuai dengan kondisi yang diinginkan secara otomatis atau dikendalikan langsung melalui aplikasi android. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada dashboard smart energy bahwa pada aspek usability 89%, functionality 93% dan reliability 77%, hasil pada pengujian aspek efficiency tahap akhir pada dashboard smart energy memperolah tingkat efesiensi CPU tertinggi pada level 28% dan stabil pada persentasi 10% dengan efesiensi memori sebesar 47.7MB Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa teknologi IoT dapat mempermudah dalam hal pengendalian perangkat listrik.
The Effect of the Type and Composition of the Adhesive on the Physical Properties and the Rate of Combustion Hyacinth Biobriquettes
Authors: Ramdani Lalu Muhamad Alfian , Ahzan Sukainil , Prasetya Dwi Sabda Budi
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to identify the effects of variety and composition of the adhesive used to the physical properties and the rate of combustion hyacinth biobriquettes. The physical properties referred to are water content, density and heating value. This research is an experimental study with a literacy study conducted in 3 stages, preparing tools and materials, making biobriquettes, and testing biobriquettes. The main ingredients used in the manufacture of biobriquettes are water hyacinth which is obtained at the Batujai Dam, Central Lombok Regency and the adhesive materials used are wheat flour, tapioca flour and cement. The method used to test the water content and density of the biobriquette was oven, while the calorific value and the rate of combustion were by heating water from the biobriquette combustion. The results showed that the biobriquette water content ranged from 5.138% - 13.953%, density 0.412 g/cm3 - 0.513 g/cm3, calorific value 2984.520 cal - 4476.780 cal, and combustion rate 0.029543 g/s - 0.042431 g/s. Based on the test results, it is known that the addition of adhesive material causes the water content, density, and combustion rate of the biobriquette to increase but the calorific value tends to decrease.
«UKRAINIAN ISSUE» IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Authors: FINOHENOV Oleh
Published: January 2021

In the 1920-1930s, the «Ukrainian issue» remained unsolved. None of the European states defended the right of the Ukrainian people to create their own independent and united country. Declaring the ideals of independence and unity of Ukraine, established in 1922, the Western Ukrainian Society of the League of Nations (ZUTLN) had two important tasks. Firstly, to update the "Ukrainian issue" in the international arena, and secondly, to revise the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of March 14, 1923, and with strong condemnation of the Polish national and cultural policy in the first half of the 1920s. The study notes that in the early 1920s, the ZUTLN was almost the only emigration structure created by famous Ukrainian public and political persons to expand the international influence of the exile government of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR) to address the state status of Eastern Galicia. In 1922–1924, the ZUTLN defended the national and state interests of Ukrainians in Galicia in the international arena and promoted the idea of restoring Ukrainian statehood after World War I.
The foreign policy activities of the society on dealing with the «Ukrainian issue» is analyzed. The efficiency of ZUTLN governing bodies, the activities of its representatives in the Union of Societies of the League of Nations (STLN), is characterized. Cooperation with political parties of Western Ukraine and a similar Dnieper society is emphasized. It was concluded that thanks to the ZUTLN leaders' efforts, the "Ukrainian" or, more accurately, the «Eastern Galician issue» was repeatedly discussed at meetings of the Grand Council and the Political Committee of the General Assembly of the League of Nations international obligations. That's how world politicians could obtain reliable information about national minorities rights violations by the Polish authorities
THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS AND THE UKRAINIAN
INSURGENT ARMY IN THE CONTEXT OF LIBERATION MOVEMENTS: AN
ATTEMPT OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: PAHIRIA Oleksandr
Published: January 2021

The article examines the activities of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) through the prism of anti-colonialism theory with the application of the historical-comparative method. Despite the obvious influences of fascism and national-socialism on the OUN ideology and program in the 1930s – early 1940s, the Ukrainian nationalist movement typologically is closer to the category of anti-colonial and national liberation rather than fascist movement. The OUN ideology and program had not been static and dynamically evolved from admiring authoritarian and totalitarian models to the democratic turn in 1943. While on all stages of its activities, the organization pursued one strategic goal and tasks – to fight for Ukraine's independence, to overcome the legacy of foreign rule and colonialism, and to establish a nation-state. The OUN and UPA phenomenon was inherent against the backdrop of similar national liberation and anti-colonial movements in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The article comprises a comparative analysis of ideologies, programs, and the political toolbox of various liberation movements that operates from the common comparative base – the stateless status of the respective nations and their desire to exercise their right to self-determination and to liberate from national subjugation. Most of the liberation movements were radical and practiced violence against their political opponents, and almost all developed a rigid internal discipline and hierarchy. At the same time, such typology does not eliminate all controversial issues surrounding Ukrainian nationalists' history, including the involvement of OUN/UPA members in war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Keywords: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), liberation movements, colonialism, comparative studies
RELIGION IN THE IDEOLOGY OF EUROPEAN NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS AND UKRAINIAN INTEGRAL NATIONALISM DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: STEFANIV Vasyl
Published: January 2021

The article highlights the international historical context in which the relationships between nationalists and conservatives were formed during the interwar period in Europe. There was made a comparative analysis of similar and distinct attitudes towards religion in the ideology of nationalist movements in interwar Europe and Ukrainian nationalism. For the broader historical context, the example of nationalist movements in Central and Eastern Europe is crucial for understanding Ukrainian nationalism's ideology, including its attitude towards religion. It describes the complex relationships of modern nationalist movements with traditional Christianity, which was a distinct feature of the intellectual and political life of that time in Europe. The study analyzed the ideological foundations of nationalist movements in Central and Eastern Europe, where church and religion occupied a prominent place. Similar and distinctive features of the religion in the nationalist movement in Galicia were analyzed compared to the similar processes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The author states that the representatives of the Polish integrated nationalism and the fascist parties that came to power, namely the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) led by A. Hitler, the Croatian Ustasha, the Iron Guard in Romania, had a fairly large proportion of mythical foundations in their political programs and resembled political religion in their ideology. The ultimate instrument by which the nation could believe in their ideas was the Church. However, the modern political religion that was created could not completely deny the previous one. Therefore, most of the nationalist movements analyzed here had built their relationship with the Church, mainly for two purposes: first, to receive its support, hence the commitment of the believers; second, they used the authority of the Church and religion in their political activities.

Keywords: nationalism, fascism, Nazism, Poland, Croatia, Romania, Codreanu, Pavelic, OUN, Onatsky.
İSLAM-OSMANLI EŞYA HUKUKUNDA MÜŞTEREK MALIN TAKSİMİ
Authors: ÇEVİK Naci
Published: January 2021

İslam-Osmanlı eşya hukukunda mülkiyeti kazanma yollarından biriyle ya da en az iki malın ayrılması mümkün olmayacak bir şekilde birbirine karışması suretiyle meydana gelen müşterek mülkiyet, belli bir mal varlığı üzerinde birden fazla kişinin mülkiyet hakkına sahip olmaları anlamına gelmektedir. Bu kapsamda müşterek olarak bir mala sahip olan pay sahipleri o malın belli bir bölümü üzerinde hisseleri oranında malik olmayıp, pay sahiplerinin mülkiyet hakkı malın tamamı üzerinde kendi hissesi oranındadır. Müşterek mülkiyeti sona erdiren sebepler ise söz konusu malın yok olması, istimlâk edilmesi, cebri satışı ya da malın fiziki yapısının veya menfaatlerinin taksim edilmesidir. Dolayısıyla müşterek mülkiyeti sona erdiren sebeplerden taksimin eşyanın fiziki yapısının paylaştırılması ve bu eşyadan elde edilen menfaatlerin bölüştürülmesi şeklinde ikiye ayrılarak incelenmesi mümkündür. Öte yandan müşterek malın taksim edilebilmesi için bölünebilir olması ve taksim işlemi sırasında pay sahiplerinin mülkiyetinde olması gerekmektedir. Keza usulüne uygun ve adil olarak yapılan taksim işlemi taraflar açısından bağlayıcı nitelikte olup, bundan rücu etmek mümkün değildir. Literatürde her ne kadar İslam-Osmanlı eşya hukukunda müşterek malın paylaştırılması hususunda fazlaca bir çalışma olmasa da ilgi çekici bir kısım çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu çalışmalarda konu teorik açıdan İslam hukuku çerçevesinde ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmayı öncekilerden farklı kılan husus ise konuyu İslam hukuku hükümleri çerçevesinde ele alıp incelemenin yanı sıra Osmanlı uygulamasına da yer vermesidir. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda müşterek malın taksimi hususunu bütüncül bir şekilde ele alıp konuya ilişkin İslam hukuku teorisi incelendikten sonra Osmanlı uygulamasından bazı örnekler verilmiştir.
Etapas do processo de identificação e conformidade dos dados do paciente em pronto socorro
Authors: Bernal Suelen Cristina Zandonadi , Raimondi Daiane Cortez , Westphal Greice , Nardo Junior Nelson , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: January 2021

Objetivos: Investigar se os dados de identificação das pulseiras dos pacientes de unidades de pronto-socorro correspondem com o que recomenda o Protocolo de Identificação do Paciente, e verificar se a equipe de saúde executa as etapas do processo de identificação do paciente em Unidades de Pronto Socorro. Métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional, de abordagem quantitativa e delineamento transversal, realizado de julho a setembro de 2017. A amostra constituiu-se de 240 pacientes, com mais de 24 horas de permanência na unidade de Pronto Socorro de três hospitais universitários públicos do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em um formulário preenchido à beira do leito. Na análise, foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas. O nível de significância adotado foi de α=0,05. Resultados: A conformidade geral dos dados das pulseiras de identificação foi de 85,7%. Dentre as etapas do processo de identificação, observou-se melhor resultado na fase “Condições de identificação” (96,2%). Já a “Adesão à conferência dos dados de identificação” (48,3%) foi a etapa menos executada. Conclusão: A prevalência e a conformidade dos dados de identificação do paciente mostraram-se elevadas, porém, no processo de identificação, a etapa de checagem dos dados pela equipe apresentou-se baixa.
Giant Cell Arteritis: Navigating Beyond the Headache
Authors: Harkins Patricia , Conway Richard
Published: January 2021

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common systemic vasculitis. In the past two decades there have been significant advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, and consequently the management of GCA is evolving. GCA is a medical emergency because when left untreated it can lead to devastating complications including irreversible visual loss. Thus, prompt diagnosis is imperative to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent ischaemic events. However, uncertainty remains over diagnostic pathways, including appropriate modalities and standardisation of findings. Temporal artery biopsy has been considered the gold standard diagnostic test but has significant limitations in terms of false negative results. In recent times, several new diagnostic modalities have been proposed in GCA including temporal artery ultrasound, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and PET. In this paper, the authors review the advantages and limitations of current diagnostic modalities in GCA.
Actual aspects of development of medical organizations’ management system
Authors: Kovalyov S. P. , Yashina E. R. , Khodyreva L. A. , Turzin P. S. , Lukichyov K. E. , Emanuel A. V. , Averyanova E. V. , Churekova I. O.
Published: January 2021

The main medico-social and economic features of the organization of public health systems in leading foreign countries and Russia are considered. The priority directions of further exploratory scientific and practical research, including in urology, have been determined.
In Quest of Nitrogen Use-Efficient Rice Genotypes for Drought-Prone Rainfed Ecosystems
Authors: Karmakar Biswajit , Haefele Stephan M. , Henry Amelia , Kabir Md Humayun , Islam Aminul , Biswas Jatish Chandra
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen (N) use efficiency in rainfed agriculture is generally low because of poor management and unavailability of suitable rice genotypes. There is a need to select rice genotypes with high N use efficiency for these specific environments, which was investigated at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, in two successive years. The performance of six rice genotypes, IR7437170-1-1, BR7873-5*(NIL)-51-HR6, IR83377-B-B-93-3, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 123, IR83381-B-B-6-1, and Binadhan-7, were tested under four N rates (0, 55, 83, and 110 kg N ha−1) in a strip-plot design. Grain yields generally increased up to 83 kg N ha−1 and declined thereafter. Depending on N rates, mean grain yields increased by 35–45% compared to the control (N0). However, the grain yields of IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123, and Binadhan-7 increased up to 110 kg N ha−1. N uptake and its use efficiencies were the highest in IR83377-B-B-93-3, which was at par with those in IRRI 123. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan56 and Binadhan-7 showed intermediate performance, while BRRI dhan57 and IR83381-B-B-6-1 showed lower N uptake and N efficiencies. Between 16.5 and 19.2 kg N uptake was required to produce 1 ton of paddy. The genotypes IR83381-B-B-93-3 and IRRI 123 were the most N use efficient irrespective of N rates, but BRRI dhan57 and IR87781-B-B-6-1 were observed to be inefficient genotypes, while BRRI dhan56 and Binadhan-7 were intermediate. Thus, this study indicates the need to test existing and new germplasm for optimal N rates and their NUE, especially in rainfed environments where optimized resource use is essential for higher yields and increased farmers' income.
Hydrostatic Pressure Regulates the Volume, Aggregation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Derived Stromal Cells
Authors: Aprile Paola , Kelly Daniel J.
Published: January 2021

The limited ability of articular cartilage to self-repair has motivated the development of tissue engineering strategies that aim to harness the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/marrow stromal cells (MSCs). Understanding how environmental factors regulate the phenotype of MSCs will be central to unlocking their regenerative potential. The biophysical environment is known to regulate the phenotype of stem cells, with factors such as substrate stiffness and externally applied mechanical loads known to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. In particular, hydrostatic pressure (HP) has been shown to play a key role in the development and maintenance of articular cartilage. Using a collagen-alginate interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel as a model system to tune matrix stiffness, this study sought to investigate how HP and substrate stiffness interact to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. If applied during early chondrogenesis in soft IPN hydrogels, HP was found to downregulate the expression of ACAN, COL2, CDH2 and COLX, but to increase the expression of the osteogenic factors RUNX2 and COL1. This correlated with a reduction in SMAD 2/3, HDAC4 nuclear localization and the expression of NCAD. It was also associated with a reduction in cell volume, an increase in the average distance between MSCs in the hydrogels and a decrease in their tendency to form aggregates. In contrast, the delayed application of HP to MSCs grown in soft hydrogels was associated with increased cellular volume and aggregation and the maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype. Together these findings demonstrate how tailoring the stiffness and the timing of HP exposure can be leveraged to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs and opens alternative avenues for developmentally inspired strategies for cartilage tissue regeneration.
Cordycepin Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liao Xiao-Zhong , Gao Ying , Zhao Hong-Wei , Zhou Mi , Chen Dan-Lei , Tao Lan-Ting , Guo Wei , Sun Ling-Ling , Gu Chu-Ying , Chen Han-Rui , Xiao Zhi-Wei , Zhang Jia-Xing , He Mei-Fang , Lin Li-Zhu
Published: January 2021

Cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent against lung cancer. However, the therapeutic effect of DDP loses over time due to the acquired drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In recent years, the role of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cordycepin (Cor) in cancer treatment has been attracting attention. However, the effects of Cor on DDP resistance in NSCLC are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cor in combination with DDP on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC and explore possible underlying mechanisms. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in NSCLC parental (A549) and DDP-resistant (A549DDP) cells treated with DDP alone or in combination with Cor both in vitro and in vivo. Different genes and signaling pathways were investigated between DDP-sensitive and DDP-resistant A549 cells by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The perturbations of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Our data showed that Cor markedly enhanced DDP inhibition on cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis compared to the DDP-alone group in both A549 and A549DDP cells. The synergic actions were associated with activation of AMPK; inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and downstream P709S6K; and S6 phosphorylation in the AKT pathway compared with DDP alone. Collectively, combination of Cor and DDP has a synergistic effect in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of NSCLC cells in the presence or absence of DDP resistance. The antitumor activity is associated with activation of AMPK and inhibition of the AKT pathway to enhance DDP inhibition on NSCLC. Our results suggested that Cor in combination with DDP could be an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of DDP-resistant NSCLC.
High Space-Time Resolution Observation of Extreme Orographic Rain Gradients in a Pacific Island Catchment
Authors: Benoit L. , Lucas M. , Tseng H. , Huang Y.-F. , Tsang Y.-P. , Nugent A. D. , Giambelluca T. W. , Mariethoz G.
Published: January 2021

In the vicinity of orographic barriers, interactions between mountains and prevailing winds can enhance rainfall and generate strong spatial gradients of precipitation. Orographic rainfall is still poorly quantified despite being an important driver of headwater catchment hydrology, in particular when considered at high space-time resolution. In this paper, we propose a complete framework for the observation and quantification of orographic rainfall gradients at the local scale. This framework, based on the stochastic interpolation of drop-counting rain gauge observations, provides reconstructions of local rain fields at high space-time resolution. It allows us to capture the life-cycle of individual rain cells, which typically occurs at a spatial scale of approximately 1–5 km and a temporal scale of approximately 5–15 min over our study area. In addition, the resulting rain estimates can be used to investigate how rainfall gradients develop during rain storms, and to provide better input data to drive hydrological models. The proposed framework is presented in the form of a proof-of-concept case study aimed at exploring orographic rain gradients in Mānoa Valley, on the leeward side of the Island of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, USA. Results show that our network of eight rain gauges captured rainfall variations over the 6 × 5 km2 study area, and that stochastic interpolation successfully leverages these in-situ data to produce rainfall maps at 200 m × 1 min resolution. Benchmarking against Kriging shows better performance of stochastic interpolation in reproducing key statistics of high-resolution rain fields, in particular rain intermittency and low intensities. This leads to an overall enhancement of rain prediction at ungauged locations.
Decrease of Clone Diversity in IgM Repertoires of HBV Chronically Infected Individuals With High Level of Viral Replication
Authors: Hong Binbin , Wang Lizhi , Huang Chunlan , Hong Xiaoju , Liu Alan , Li Qiulan , Liu Qiaoling , Su Lili , Wang Lixing , Wang Chunyu , Ying Tianlei
Published: January 2021

High-throughput antibody sequencing allows in-depth insights into human antibody repertoires. To investigate the characteristics of antibody repertoires in patients with chronic HBV infection, we performed Illumina sequencing and IMGT/HighV-QUEST analysis of B lymphocytes from healthy adults and the HBV carriers with high or low level of viral replication. The comparative study revealed high levels of similarity between the IgM and IgG repertoires of the HBV carriers and the healthy adults, including the somatic mutations in V regions, the average CDR3 length, and the occurrence of junctional modifications. Nevertheless, the diversity of the unique clones decreased and some clusters of unique clones expanded in the IgM repertoire of chronic HBV carriers (CHB) compared with healthy adults (HH) and inactive HBV carriers (IHB). Such difference in clone diversity and expansion was not observed in the IgG repertoires of the three populations. More shared antibody clones were found between the IgM repertoires of IHB and HH than that found between CHB and HH (7079 clones vs. 2304 clones). Besides, the biased used IGHD genes were IGHD2-2 and IGHD3-3 in CHB library but were IGHD3-10 and IGHD3-22 in IHB and HH library. In contrast, for IgG repertories, the preferred used VDJ genes were similar in all the three populations. These results indicated that low level of serum HBV might not induce significant changes in BCR repertoires, and high level of HBV replication could have more impacts on IgM repertories than IgG repertoires. Taken together, our findings provide a better understanding of the antibody repertoires of HBV chronically infected individuals.
Abnormal Static and Dynamic Local-Neural Activity in COPD and Its Relationship With Pulmonary Function and Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Lv Zhi , Chen Qingqing , Jiang Yinling , Hu Panpan , Zhang Lei , Bai Tongjian , Wang Kai , Wang Yongsheng , Fan Xiaoyun
Published: January 2021

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by attenuated pulmonary function and are frequently reported with cognitive impairments, especially memory impairments. The mechanism underlying the memory impairments still remains unclear. We applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to compare the brain local activities with static and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF, dALFF) among patients with COPD (n = 32) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30). Compared with HC, COPD patients exhibited decreased sALFF in the right basal ganglia and increased dALFF in the bilateral parahippocampal/hippocampal gyrus. The reduced the left basal ganglia was associated with lower oxygen partial pressure. Besides, the increased dALFF in the left hippocampal/parahippocampal cortex was associated with poor semantic-memory performance and the increased dALFF in the left hippocampal/parahippocampal cortex was associated the forced vital capacity. The present study revealed the abnormal static and dynamic local-neural activities in the basal ganglia and parahippocampal/hippocampal cortex in COPD patient and its relationship with poor lung function and semantic-memory impairments.
A Prediction Nomogram for Acute Kidney Injury in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hu Qian , Shi Yuan , Hua Zi-Yu , Bao Lei , Li Fang , Wei Hong , Song Ping , Ou-Yang He-Jia , Li Qiu , Wang Mo
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as an independent predictor for mortality in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants and is reported to have a high incidence. In this study, we sought to identify the predictors for AKI in VLBW infants and thereby develop a prediction nomogram for the early detection and management of VLBW infants at high risk of developing AKI.

Methods: We designed a retrospective study wherein we investigated the baseline hospitalization data of VLBW infants treated at our hospital between January 2012 and October 2018. Independent predictors of AKI in VLBW infants, as identified by multivariate logistic regression, were incorporated into a model. Hosmer–Lemeshow test was used to test the goodness of fit of the model, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the discriminative ability of the model. The model was internally validated using the 10-fold cross-validation method. A nomogram was plotted to predict the risk of AKI in VLBW infants on the basis of the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: We investigated the data of 604 VLBW infants, of which 144 (23.8%) developed AKI; in 111 (77.1%) of these infants, AKI occurred within 7 days of birth. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following as predictive factors for AKI in VLBW infants: gestational age, red blood cell count within 3 days of birth, serum calcium concentration within 3 days of birth, maternal age of ≥35 years, and pulmonary arterial hypertension or myocardial injury. Furthermore, the nomogram was found to be effective in estimating the risk of AKI in VLBW infants, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.794 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.754–0.834; P < 0.001]. Internal validation done by cross-validation showed that the average AUC was 0.788.

Conclusion: The nomogram developed in this study was found to be sensitive and specific for the preoperative prediction of AKI in VLBW infants, as per the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria modified for neonates.
Radiographic Imaging to Evaluate Food Passage Rate in Preterm Piglets as a Model for Preterm Infants
Authors: Kappel Susanne Soendergaard , Sangild Per Torp , Scheike Thomas , Friborg Christel Renée , Gormsen Magdalena , Aunsholt Lise
Published: January 2021

Objectives and study: Gut motility in infants mature with increasing post-menstrual age and is affected by numerous hormonal, immunological and nutritional factors. However, it remains unclear how age and diet influence gut motility and its relation to feeding intolerance and gastric residuals in preterm neonates. Using preterm piglets as a model for infants, we investigated if contrast passage rate, as determined by X-ray contrast imaging, is affected by gestational age at birth, advancing postnatal age and different milk diets.

Methods: Contrast passage rate was evaluated using serial abdominal X-ray imaging on postnatal day 4 and 18 in preterm and near-term piglets fed infant formula, colostrum or intact bovine milk, with or without added fortifier (total n = 140).

Results: Preterm piglets had a faster small intestinal passage rate of contrast solution at day 4 of life than near-term piglets (SIEmpty, hazard ratio (HR): 0.52, 95%CI [0.15, 0.88], p < 0.01). Formula fed piglets at day 4 had a faster passage rate of contrast to caecum (ToCecum, HR: 0.61, 95%CI [0.25,0.96], p = 0.03), and through the colon region (CaecumToRectum, p < 0.05, day 4) than colostrum fed preterm piglets. The time for contrast to leave the stomach, and passage through the colon in day 4 preterm piglets were slower than in older piglets at day 18 (both, p < 0.05). Adding a nutrient fortifier increased body growth, gastric residuals, intestinal length and weight, but did not affect any of the observed passage rates of the contrast solution.

Conclusion: Serial X-ray contrast imaging is a feasible method to assess food passage rate in preterm piglets. Contrast passage rate through different gut segments is affected by gestational age at birth, postnatal age, and milk diet. The preterm piglet could be a good model to investigate clinical and dietary factors that support maturation of gut motility and thereby feeding tolerance and gut health in preterm infants.
Specular Highlight Detection Based on Color Distribution for Endoscopic Images
Authors: Yu Baoxian , Chen Wanbing , Zhong Qinghua , Zhang Han
Published: January 2021

Endoscopic imaging systems have been widely used in disease diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery. Practically, specular reflection (a.k.a. highlight) always exists in endoscopic images and significantly affects surgeons’ observation and judgment. Motivated by the fact that the values of the red channel in nonhighlight area of endoscopic images are higher than those of the green and blue ones, this paper proposes an adaptive specular highlight detection method for endoscopic images. Specifically, for each pixel, we design a criterion for specular highlight detection based on the ratio of the red channel to both the green and blue channels. With the designed criteria, we take advantage of image segmentation and then develop an adaptive threshold with respect to the differences between the red channel and the other ones of neighboring pixels. To validate the proposed method, we conduct experiments on clinical data and CVC-ClinicSpec open database. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method yields an averaged Precision, Accuracy, and F1-score rate of 88.76%, 99.60% and 72.56%, respectively, and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches based on color distribution reported for endoscopic highlight detection.
Links Between Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Resistance Exercise Muscle Adaptations
Authors: Gharahdaghi Nima , Phillips Bethan E. , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Smith Ken , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Atherton Philip J.
Published: January 2021

Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass throughout the life course is key for the regulation of health, with physical activity a critical component of this, in part, due to its influence upon key hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Despite the importance of these hormones for the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in response to different types of exercise, their interaction with the processes controlling muscle mass remain unclear. This review presents evidence on the importance of these hormones in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and their responses, and involvement in muscle adaptation to resistance exercise. Highlighting the key role testosterone plays as a primary anabolic hormone in muscle adaptation following exercise training, through its interaction with anabolic signaling pathways and other hormones via the androgen receptor (AR), this review also describes the potential importance of fluctuations in other hormones such as GH and IGF-1 in concert with dietary amino acid availability; and the role of estrogen, under the influence of the menstrual cycle and menopause, being especially important in adaptive exercise responses in women. Finally, the downstream mechanisms by which these hormones impact regulation of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and breakdown), and thus muscle mass are discussed. Advances in our understanding of hormones that impact protein turnover throughout life offers great relevance, not just for athletes, but also for the general and clinical populations alike.
Polish Experiences of Safety Measures Involving Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients Implemented During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Heitzman Janusz , Gosek Paweł
Published: January 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made it necessary for us to adapt our healthcare systems to a very different sort of reality. This clearly also applies to psychiatric services. The restrictions and safeguards associated with the pandemic particularly concern adherence to social distancing and medical treatment safety procedures. The implementation of these procedures is generally complicated by conditions of forensic psychiatry where, in line with demands made by courts, the treatment and isolation of mentally unwell offenders must be carefully managed. In most countries, forensic psychiatric treatment is an inpatient service where patients are kept in restricted and cramped spaces, making social distancing difficult to implement as patients participate in compulsory group therapeutic activities. As a result, it is necessary to introduce unique recommendations relating to patient safety and treatment adapted to the realities of forensic psychiatry. All this requires the implementation of additional restrictions, over and above those arising from the essential aspects of forensic psychiatry. In this paper, we present and discuss the Polish guidelines for forensic psychiatric care during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, developed as a result of discussions on essential measures introduced to reduce the spread of the virus and the unique needs of the forensic patient population.
Terms, Definitions, Nomenclature, and Routes of Fluid Administration
Authors: Chow Rosalind S.
Published: January 2021

Fluid therapy is administered to veterinary patients in order to improve hemodynamics, replace deficits, and maintain hydration. The gradual expansion of medical knowledge and research in this field has led to a proliferation of terms related to fluid products, fluid delivery and body fluid distribution. Consistency in the use of terminology enables precise and effective communication in clinical and research settings. This article provides an alphabetical glossary of important terms and common definitions in the human and veterinary literature. It also summarizes the common routes of fluid administration in small and large animal species.
SDMN Architecture in 5G
Authors: Kovács Márk , Agg Péter András , Johanyák Zsolt Csaba
Published: January 2021

Due to the exponentially growing number of mobile devices connected to the Internet, the current 4G LTE-A mobile network will no longer be able to serve the nearly 5 billion mobile devices. With the advent of the fifth generation, however, the number of cybercrimes may increase. This requires building an architecture that can adequately protect against these attacks. For wired networks, the SDN-type architecture has been introduced for some time. As a result, a similar design concept has emerged, which is called Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN). This article describes this technology and how it helps prevents DoS, DDoS at-tacks, and IP source spoofing.