bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERK1/2 Regulates Epileptic Seizures by Modulating the DRP1‐Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamic
Authors: Chen Ting , Yang Juan , Zheng Yongsu , Zhou Xuejiao , Huang Hao , Zhang Haiqing , Xu Zucai
Published: September 2024

After seizures, the hyperactivation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Through the guidance of dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1), ERK1/2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of several illnesses. Herein, we speculate that ERK1/2 affects mitochondrial division and participates in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating the activity of DRP1. LiCl‐Pilocarpine was injected intraperitoneally to establish a rat model of status epilepticus (SE) for this study. Before SE induction, PD98059 and Mdivi‐1 were injected intraperitoneally. The number of seizures and the latency period before the onset of the first seizure were then monitored. The analysis of Western blot was also used to measure the phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 and DRP1 protein expression levels in the rat hippocampus. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed the distribution of ERK1/2 and DRP1 in neurons of hippocampal CA1 and CA3. Both PD98059 and Mdivi‐1 reduced the susceptibility of rats to epileptic seizures, according to behavioral findings. By inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation, the Western blot revealed that PD98059 indirectly reduced the phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 (p‐DRP1‐Ser616). Eventually, the ERK1/2 and DRP1 were distributed in the cytoplasm of neurons by immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathways downregulates p‐DRP1‐Ser616 expression, which could inhibit DRP1‐mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and then regulate the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
Analysis of seismic damage and seismic capacity of the structure of the ultrahigh pagoda
Authors: Lu Junlong , Tian Jingyi , Wang Zhenshan , Jiang Feng , Wu Xiaoqin
Published: September 2024

The Chongwen Pagoda is the tallest masonry pagoda in China, with numerous openings inside the pagoda body. It is prone to damage during earthquakes, and the patterns of damage are complex. In order to scientifically analyze the dynamic performance, earthquake damage patterns, and mechanisms of the pagoda structure, on‐site dynamic testing was conducted to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the structure. A numerical model was established using Abaqus finite element software to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The results were compared with the testing results and showed a close agreement. El‐Centro earthquake wave, Taft earthquake wave, and Lanzhou artificial earthquake wave were selected as earthquake inputs based on site conditions, simulating frequent earthquakes, fortification earthquakes, and rare earthquakes with a magnitude of 9. The dynamic response of the pagoda structure was calculated, and the relationship between acceleration amplification factor, interstorey displacement, and interstorey displacement angle with floor height was analyzed. The seismic damage to the structure and the distribution of primary tensile stresses were studied, revealing the seismic damage mechanisms and the distribution characteristics of vulnerable areas in the Chongwen Pagoda. The research results provide references for the seismic assessment of this ancient pagoda.
Successful laparotomic ethanol ablation for an adrenal tumour in a dog
Authors: Furusato Shimon , Kondo Eriko , Tamura Yu , Tsuyama Yu
Published: September 2024

Adrenalectomy is the gold standard for canine adrenal tumours, but not always recommended due to patient age, underlying conditions and perioperative mortality. Ethanol ablation is an alternative in human medicine for poor surgical candidates. A 13‐year‐old neutered female toy‐poodle with hypercortisolism presented with severe haematuria. Ultrasonography revealed left adrenal and right kidney tumours. Due to high surgical risk, simultaneous laparotomic right nephroureterectomy and ethanol ablation of the left adrenal tumour were performed. Post‐ethanol injection complications included transient hypertension and arrhythmia, which resolved spontaneously. The adrenal tumour size decreased within 2.5 months, and cortisol levels normalised within 8 days, remaining stable for 12 months. No hypercortisolism signs were observed without trilostane until death from renal insufficiency. Autopsy showed that the ablated left adrenal gland was an adrenocortical tumour and had shrunk. Ethanol ablation may be a feasible alternative to adrenalectomy for high‐risk canine patients.
Family flock size and age–sex structure of indigenous village chickens
Authors: Desta Takele Taye , Wakeyo Oli
Published: September 2024

Background

Indigenous village chickens (IVCs) significantly contribute to rural development. There is considerable variation in family flock size and age–sex structure of IVCs.

Objectives

This study reports the family flock size, age–sex group structure, and demographic history of IVCs.

Methods

This work involved a cross‐sectional study conducted using face‐to‐face general informants’ individual interviews with 119 smallholder farmers in highland and lowland agroecological zones.

Results

The average family flock size of the sampled households was small (mean = 7.28, range: 1–38). Female birds (hens and pullets) represented the largest proportion of the family flocks (50.2%). The proportion of chicks (26.4%) and pullets (14.4%) was lower than that of hens (35.8%), which creates a considerable challenge in producing replacement breeding flocks. Similarly, the proportion of cockerels (9.1%) was lower than that of cocks (14.3%). The average cock‐to‐hen ratio (one cock to seven hens) was better than the commonly recommended proportion (1 cock to 8–10 hens). As a result, smallholder farmers have not faced the problem of producing infertile eggs. The estimated effective population size (Ne) of 4.02 and the corresponding inbreeding coefficient of 0.12 at the family flock level show that to some extent inbreeding may occur at the family flock level; besides, the estimated Ne represents 55.2% of the census size. However, inbreeding could be offset by the high rate of flock turnover and uncontrolled mating among scavenging birds.

Conclusions

Family flocks contain a few birds, which may lead to consanguineous mating. Inbreeding is, however, considerably reduced by uncontrolled breeding among birds that share a common scavenging ground. The driving factors behind the low proportion of chicks and juvenile birds and the family flock size need to be further investigated to improve the contribution of local chickens to rural livelihoods.
Ticks and tick‐borne pathogens in selected abattoirs and a slaughter slab in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Amoah Stacy , Unicorn Nancy Martekai , Kyeremateng Emmanuella Tiwaa , Desewu Genevieve , Obuam Patrick Kwasi , Malm Richard Odoi‐Teye , Osei‐Frempong Emmanuel , Torto Francisca Adai , Accorlor Stephen Kwabena , Boampong Kwadwo , Kwarteng Sandra Abankwa , Addo Seth Offei , Larbi John Asiedu
Published: September 2024

Background

Ticks are vectors of pathogens that affect the health of animals and humans. With the constant trade of livestock across borders, there is the risk of new tick species invasion accompanied by the spread of infectious tick‐borne pathogens.

Aim

This study sought to determine the diversity of tick species within abattoirs and a slaughter slab as well as identify the pathogens carried by these ticks.

Methods

The ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle, identified and screened for pathogens using PCR and sequencing.

Results

A total of 371 ticks were collected from slaughtered cattle across the three sampling sites: Kumasi abattoir (288, 77.63%), Akwatia Line slaughter slab (52, 14.02%) and Suame abattoir (31, 8.35%). The predominant species was Amblyomma variegatum (85.44%) with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) (0.27%) as the least occurring species. Total nucleic acid from the tick pools was screened for pathogens based on the nucleoprotein gene region in the S segment of the Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) genome, the 295‐bp fragment of the transposase gene of the Coxiella burnetii IS1111a element, the 560 bp segment of the ssrRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria, the 345 bp fragment of the Ehrlichia genus 16SrRNA gene and the rOmpA gene (OmpA) of Rickettsia. From the 52 tick pools screened, 40 (76.92%) were found positive for pathogen DNA. The pathogens identified were Rickettsia africae (69.23%), Rickettsia aeschlimannii (7.69%), C. burnetii (5.77%), uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (5.77%), Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii (3.85%) and CCHFV (3.85%). A significant association was observed among A. variegatum, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and occurring tick‐borne pathogens R. africae, R. aeschlimannii and uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings show the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens, suggesting an increased risk of infections among the abattoir workers. There is a need to adopt control measures within the abattoirs to prevent pathogen spread.
Garlic (Allium sativum) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder: Investigation of performance, meat quality, serum profile lipid, and intestinal morphology in broilers
Authors: Aziz‐Aliabadi Fatemeh , Noruzi Hadi , Imari Zeyad Kamal
Published: September 2024

Background

With the ban on the use of antibiotics in poultry nutrition, the opinion of nutritionists turned to their alternatives. Garlic and mushroom are the two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition.

Objectives

This experiment was done to investigate the effect of garlic powder (GP) and mushroom powder (MP) on the growth performance, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and intestinal morphology of broilers.

Methods

Five hundred and seventy‐six one‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to eight treatments with six replications based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4*2 with four levels of GP (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00, 1.00%).

Results

No significant effects of GP and MP on the performance were observed. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the lightness and redness of breast meat decreased and increased, respectively (p < 0.05). The effect of increasing the amount of GP on the reduction of total cholesterol level was similar in the absence or presence of MP. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) increased. The use of MP in the diets significantly increased VH and VH: CD (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The addition of GP and MP to the broilers’ diets did not have any negative effect on the performance. These pharmaceutic herbs improved intestinal morphology. In addition, increasing the level of GP amended the meat color and reduced the level of serum cholesterol.
Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Trematosphaeria grisea in an immunocompromised English springer spaniel
Authors: Brennan Erin , Liatis Theofanis , Frosini Sian‐Marie , Johnson Elizabeth , Bond Ross
Published: September 2024

A 10‐year‐old, male, farm‐based springer spaniel that presented with subacute progressive left‐sided central vestibular signs was diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. The patient received prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day orally), ciclosporin (5 mg/kg orally twice a day) and a single infusion of cytarabine (200 mg/m2). Six weeks later, neurological signs had resolved, but multiple cutaneous nodules developed on the limbs, trunk and face. Lesions discharged a dark purulent material without tissue grains. A ‘filamentous fungus’ was isolated, but discarded without identification. Aspirates from nodules showed pigmented, septate fungal hyphae, and culture of aspirates yielded Trematosphaeria grisea. Itraconazole (5 mg/kg once a day) and gradual tapering of immunosuppressive drugs led to resolution of nodular lesions over 4 months without neurological relapse. A fungal granuloma developed transiently 8 months after starting itraconazole. Immunosuppressive drugs were stopped 15 months after introduction without neurological relapse. Itraconazole was withdrawn 8 weeks later, 5 months after last relapse of skin disease.
Nociceptive threshold measurement as a non‐invasive functional test of an epidural injection in a dog
Authors: Levionnois Olivier Louis , Hess Anne , Planchamp Bastien , Mirra Alessandro
Published: September 2024

We present a case of a 3‐year‐old, male Border Collie with severe hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis undergoing total hip replacement, notably having a history of a previous hip surgery with inadequate epidural analgesia. Our objective was to evaluate epidural efficacy before surgery using nociceptive threshold measurement. Nociceptive thresholds were measured with transdermal electrical stimulation via the Dolosys Pain Tracker device. The dog received epidural ropivacaine and morphine, resulting in a cessation of withdrawal response and electromyographic activity. This effect was confirmed under anaesthesia. Postoperatively, the dog recovered without relevant complications. In conclusion, nociceptive threshold measurement using the Dolosys Pain Tracker device allowed immediate confirmation of epidural efficacy, reducing the risk of intraoperative analgesic inadequacy. This approach may enhance surgical pain management in challenging cases.
Ecological dynamics and coexistence patterns of wild and domestic mammals in an abandoned landscape
Authors: Zuleger Annika M. , Perino Andrea , Pereira Henrique M.
Published: September 2024

The issue of agricultural land abandonment in southern Europe has raised concerns about its impact on biodiversity. While abandoned areas can lead to positive developments like creating new habitats and restoring native vegetation, they can also result in human–wildlife conflicts, particularly in areas with extensive farming and free‐ranging livestock. To understand habitat selection and use of livestock and wild ungulates, it is essential to study their spatial and temporal distribution patterns. In this context, we conducted a long‐term large mammal monitoring project using camera traps in the Peneda‐Gerês National Park in northern Portugal. Our primary focus was on exploring habitat preferences, occupancy dynamics, and potential spatial use correlations between domestic and wild species, utilizing dynamic occupancy models. Most wild species exhibited stable area use patterns, while domestic species experienced marginal declines, and the Iberian ibex displayed signs of repopulation. We observed distinct effects of habitat variables on occupancy, colonization, and extinction, revealing species‐specific patterns of habitat utilization. Human disturbance had a notable impact on domestic species but did not affect wild ones. Camera sensitivity emerged as a critical factor, enhancing detection probability for all species. Additionally, habitat and weather variables exerted varying effects on detection probabilities, underscoring the necessity of accounting for these factors in modeling the detection process. We found shared habitat preferences between cattle and horses, both positively correlated with wolves, suggesting potential human–wildlife conflicts. Despite extensive spatial overlap, domestic and wild species seem to exhibit ecological independence possibly due to distinct strategies and low predation pressure. Overall, the study emphasizes the multifaceted factors influencing habitat use. The observed species associations contribute to understanding ecological relationships and potential resource competition, emphasizing the importance of considering environmental variables for effective wildlife conservation and management.
Trends in Reptile Holdings Across UK Zoos: Identification of the Factors Responsible for Declining Numbers of Venomous Snake
Authors: Sparrow Lily , Gill Iri , Michaels Christopher J. , Turner Christopher J.
Published: September 2024

Zoos are under increasing pressure to strategically manage their collections to maximize visitor attendance, financial income, and their contribution to conservation. As a result, the compositions of zoo collections are undergoing significant changes. Many zoos are keeping fewer species and prioritizing keeping large flagship animals that are more attractive to the public. To understand the effects these changes are having on captive reptile numbers, we have analyzed the trends in reptile holdings between 2003 and 2023 at UK zoos. Our findings show that despite an overall increase in reptile numbers in the period analyzed, there has been a dramatic decline in the number of venomous snakes held at UK zoos, and as a result, venomous snakes are being excluded from many of the conservation benefits that zoos provide. To understand the key factors contributing to the decline in venomous snake numbers, 57 staff members across 35 different BIAZA–accredited zoos were surveyed. Results from the survey identified that a perceived increased risk of harm, increasingly stringent health and safety regulations, and increased husbandry requirements were all key contributing factors to why venomous snake numbers at zoos are in decline.
Do Mental Health Professionals Recognize Dementia Grief?
Authors: Rupp Lena , Abele Christina , Haberstroh Julia
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Dementia grief can be challenging to detect because it is often disenfranchised. This study examined whether mental health professionals detect or overlook dementia grief. An online survey presented health professionals with a case vignette regarding the caregivers of people with dementia (PwD). Based on random assignment, the participants read a case description of a PwD who was deceased or still alive. We analyzed the responses of 381 participants. Significant group differences for the variables grief attribution, loss attribution, expected self-disenfranchisement, grief support/grief group recommendation, and psychotherapeutic/psychiatric counsel recommendation resulted. Even though professionals in this sample had continued grief education, loss and grief attribution in nondeath event losses were significantly lower, confirming that dementia providers disenfranchise dementia grief.
Very High Energy Solar Energetic Particle Events and Ground Level Enhancement Events: Forecasting and Alerts
Authors: Crosby N. , Mavromichalaki H. , Malandraki O. , Gerontidou M. , Karavolos M. , Lingri D. , Makrantoni P. , Papailiou M. , Paschalis P. , Tezari A.
Published: September 2024

A Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) event can be observed as an increase in the background of ground‐based neutron monitor observations and is often associated with an increase of >500 MeV space‐based proton flux measurements. GLE events begin as very high‐energy SEP events associated with GeV protons. For such events to be detected at sea level, proton energies must exceed about 433 MeV. Since the increased flux of such particles can be a major problem to technology in space and on Earth and pose a threat for human health, developing real time warning systems is of great importance. GLE Alert++ is a product, built by the Athens Cosmic Ray Group of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, that issues alerts when a GLE event starts to register and is based on ground‐based neutron monitor observations. From the space‐based approach, the HESPERIA UMASEP‐500 product, jointly developed within the framework of the EU HORIZON2020 HESPERIA project by the Universidad de Malaga, Spain and National Observatory of Athens, Greece, provides forecasts of GLE events and >500 MeV protons relying on GOES satellite Soft X‐Ray and high energy proton observations. These two products are fully integrated as federated products on the ESA SWE Portal and are provided as part of the ESA Space Safety Program Space Weather Service Network. In this paper we present how the products were built, provide examples of their outputs as seen on the ESA SWE Portal, and show how the products complement each other and how using them together can in some instances provide more information for users of these services.
Mesoscale Convective Systems Represented in High Resolution E3SMv2 and Impact of New Cloud and Convection Parameterizations
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Shaocheng , Feng Zhe , Terai Christopher R. , Lin Wuyin , Tao Cheng , Chen Chih‐Chieh‐Jack , Fan Jiwen , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Leung L. Ruby , Richter Jadwiga H. , Shan Yunpeng , Song Xiaoliang , Tang Qi , Zhang Guang J.
Published: September 2024

In this study, we evaluate mesoscale convective system (MCS) simulations in the second version of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv2). E3SMv2 atmosphere model (EAMv2) is run at the uniform 0.25° horizontal resolution. We track MCSs consistently in the model and observations using PyFLEXTRKR algorithm, which defines MCSs based on both cloud top brightness temperature (Tb) and surface precipitation. Results from using only Tb to define MCSs are also discussed to understand the impact of different MCS tracking algorithms on MCS evaluation and provide additional insights into model errors in simulating MCSs. Our results show that EAMv2 simulated MCS precipitation is largely underestimated in tropical and extratropical regions. This is mainly attributed to the underestimated MCS genesis and underestimated precipitation intensity in EAMv2. Comparing the two MCS tracking methods, simulated MCS precipitation is increased if MCSs are defined with only cloud top Tb. The Tb‐based MCS tracking method, however, includes cloud systems with very weak precipitation. This illustrates the model issues in simulating heavy precipitation even though the convective cloud shield is overall well simulated from the moist convective processes. Furthermore, sensitivity experiments are performed to examine the impact of new cloud and convection parameterizations developed for EAMv3 on simulated MCSs. The new physics parameterizations help increase the relative contribution of convective precipitation to total precipitation in the tropics, but the simulated MCS properties are not significantly improved. This suggests that simulating MCSs still remain a challenge for the next version of E3SM.
Simulating Mixed‐Phase Open Cellular Clouds Observed During COMBLE: Evaluation of Parameterized Turbulence Closure
Authors: Juliano Timothy W. , Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Kosović Branko , Xue Lulin , Wu Peng , Olson Joseph B.
Published: September 2024

Marine cold‐air outbreaks, or CAOs, are airmass transformations whereby relatively cold boundary layer (BL) air is transported over relatively warm water. To more deeply understand BL and mixed‐phase cloud properties during CAO conditions, the Cold‐Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) took place from late 2019 into early 2020. During COMBLE, the U.S. Department of Energy's first Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility (AMF1) was deployed to Andenes, Norway, far downstream (∼1,000 km) from the Arctic pack ice. This study examines the two most intense CAOs sampled at the AMF1 site. The observed BL structures are open cellular with high (∼3–5 km) and cold (−30 to −50 C) cloud tops, and they often have pockets of high liquid water paths (LWPs; up to ∼1,000 g ) associated with strong updrafts and enhanced turbulence. We use a high‐resolution mesoscale model to explore how well four turbulence closure methods represent open cellular clouds. After applying a radar simulator to model outputs for direct evaluation, cloud top properties agree well with AMF1 observations (within ∼10%), but radar reflectivity and LWP agreement is more variable. Results suggest that the turbulent Prandtl number may play an important role for the simulated BL and cloud properties. All simulations produce enhanced precipitation rates that are well‐correlated with a cloud transition. Finally, the eddy‐diffusivity/mass‐flux approach produces the deepest cloud layer and therefore the largest and most coherent cellular structures. We recommend the use of a non‐local turbulence closure approach to better capture turbulent processes in intense CAOs.
From academia to industry: the emerging role of a clinical and translational scientist
Authors: Tardelli Matteo
Published: September 2024

Matteo Tardelli is a Clinical and Translational Scientist at Owlstone Medical. The role of a Clinical and Translational Scientist is increasingly pivotal in the biotech industry, acting as a bridge between laboratory research and clinical application. Notably, this is a role that did not exist or was not widely recognized 10 years ago when he began his PhD. This article delves into the journey from academia to industry, exploring the necessary skills, challenges, and opportunities inherent in this transition. It also provides a comparative analysis of the roles in both settings and offers advice for aspiring scientists.
Cultivating collaboration: innovation leaders from industry and academia
Authors: Kossifos Michael , Ollett Lucy
Published: September 2024

Collaboration between industry and academics is essential for technological advancement and innovation and can be the key for developing a qualified workforce. Benefitting both parties, these collaborations ensure that industry obtains skilled workers with practical training and specialised expertise, while universities have the chance to work on emerging technologies and problems. We caught up with our 2019 winner Professor Maddy Parsons and 2020 winner Professor Matthew Dalby of the Industry and Academic Collaboration Award, to hear more about how their industry collaborations are leading to cutting-edge biological discoveries.
DDoS‐MSCT: A DDoS Attack Detection Method Based on Multiscale Convolution and Transformer
Authors: Wang Bangli , Jiang Yuxuan , Liao You , Li Zhen
Published: September 2024

Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to network security due to their widespread impact and detrimental consequences. Currently, deep learning methods are widely applied in DDoS anomaly traffic detection. However, they often lack the ability to collectively model both local and global traffic features, which presents challenges in improving performance. In order to provide an effective method for detecting abnormal traffic, this paper proposes a novel network architecture called DDoS‐MSCT, which combines a multiscale convolutional neural network and transformer. The DDoS‐MSCT architecture introduces the DDoS‐MSCT block, which consists of a local feature extraction module (LFEM) and a global feature extraction module (GFEM). The LFEM employs convolutional kernels of different sizes, accompanied by dilated convolutions, with the aim of enhancing the receptive field and capturing multiscale features simultaneously. On the other hand, the GFEM is utilized to capture long‐range dependencies for attending to global features. Furthermore, with the increase in network depth, DDoS‐MSCT facilitates the integration of multiscale local and global contextual information of traffic features, thereby improving detection performance. Our experiments are conducted on the CIC‐DDoS2019 dataset, and also the CIC‐IDS2017 dataset, which is introduced as a supplement to address the issue of sample imbalance. Experimental results on the hybrid dataset show that DDoS‐MSCT achieves accuracy, recall, F1 score, and precision of 99.94%, 99.95%, 99.95%, and 99.97%, respectively. Compared to the state of the art methods, the DDoS‐MSCT model achieves a good performance for detecting the DDoS attack to provide the protecting ability for network security.
Resilience enhancement strategies for power distribution network based on hydrogen storage and hydrogen vehicle
Authors: Xie Pingping , Zhao Ruoxuan , Chen Yue , Yang Yinguo , Yang Qiming , Lin Yingming , Li Gengfeng
Published: September 2024

In light of the increasing hydrogen permeability in distribution networks as a means to cope with extreme events and improve network resilience, this paper introduces a novel strategy for enhancing power distribution network resilience. It outlines a comprehensive approach that focuses on dispatching hydrogen storage (HS) and hydrogen vehicle (HV) within hydrogen penetrated distribution systems (HPDS), segmenting the strategy into pre‐disaster and post‐disaster stages. Firstly, in the pre‐disaster stage, models for HS and HVs are established to gather operational data and facilitate rapid post‐disaster response, alongside a coupled electric grid and road network model for optimising HV routing and dispatch. Subsequently, the post‐disaster stage focuses on a scheduling model that aims to minimise load power losses and economic costs, balancing immediate power support with cost‐effectiveness through detailed analysis of HS and HV dispatch strategies. Finally, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this strategy via a case study, highlighting significant improvements in network resilience and recovery and underscoring the potential of hydrogen technologies in enhancing infrastructure resilience.
Minimizing conduction losses in multiple active bridge converters across wide voltage ranges using advanced dual‐duty modulation
Authors: Shubnaya Anna , Koksharov Mikhail , Porres Fernando Martin , Rodriguez Ainhoa Galarza , Ibanez Federico Martin
Published: September 2024

Multiple port DC/DC converters have applications in many fields: hybrid energy storage systems where batteries are combined with supercapacitors, multi‐level and multi‐modular inverters that need multiple DC sources, and DC microgrids. Among these converters, the Multiple Active Bridge (MAB) is particularly attractive due to its high power ratings and galvanic isolation capabilities. This paper introduces an advanced dual‐duty modulation technique for MAB converters designed to significantly reduce conduction losses over a wide range of input voltages by minimizing the harmonics’ reactive power on the AC stage. Consequently, it can improve the converter's efficiency when dealing with non‐constant voltage sources such as batteries and supercapacitors. The overall control technique is based on the dq‐frame control method under the first harmonic approach (FHA). This method is verified through simulations and implemented in a 1000 W triple‐port prototype. In the simulation, conductive and switching losses are modelled, and the trade‐off between these loss types is discussed. The experimental results affirm an overall improvement in efficiency for certain scenarios involving non‐unit voltage conversion ratios.
Integration of solar technology into the electric railway system in dense urban regions
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Ahmad Rohama , Xavier Bonny
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the deployment of solar technology throughout an electric railway system to accommodate tractive power needs. The approach is evaluated from both a technical and financial standpoint to better understand its overall feasibility. A case study is presented using New York City's subway system as the centre of deployment. As a means to both prevent excess voltages, as well as contribute to the city's shift to zero emission, parallel electric bus charging is also studied. It has been demonstrated that the proposed integration allows the subway system to still function without any hindrance to rail operation. The system is able to provide charging power for three to six electric buses per passenger station. In addition, the approach shows long‐term financial growth with average annual electric bill savings of approximately $50,000 per passenger station, each with a relatively short payback period of approximately 4 years.
Investigating high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in the 6374 Å red coronal line observed during the total solar eclipse on August 21, 2017
Authors: Liang Yu
Published: September 2024

Context. We present the results of the search for high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) in the 6374-Å red line emission from the solar corona during the 2017 total solar eclipse (TSE).

Aims. The existence of HFQPOs of coronal intensity remains unclear. Motivated by previous observations, this paper focuses on searching for the HFQPOs (> 0.1 Hz) during the 2017 TSE.

Methods. Wavelet analysis tools were used to analyze the radiation intensity oscillations in different height layers, local regions of interest (such as the east coronal loop, west cavity, etc.), and coronal feature points as well as changes in oscillations along coronal feature structures and the kinematic wobble of the coronal magnetic features.

Results. We have observed oscillatory signals at multiple spatial locations, which reveal the existence of quasi-periodic slow magnetoacoustic waves. These signals display periods ranging from approximately 3 to 9 seconds, with a notable focus on periods around 4 seconds.

Conclusions. High-frequency quasi-periodic slow magnetoacoustic oscillations (with periods less than 9.63 seconds) have been identified in the inner corona (at heights less than 1.4 R⊙) in the 6374 Å red coronal line radiation.
G321.3–3.9: A new supernova remnant observed with multi-band radio data and in the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Surveys
Authors: Mantovanini S. , Becker W. , Khokhriakova A. , Hurley-Walker N. , Anderson G. E. , Nicastro L.
Published: September 2024

Aims. G321.3–3.9 was first identified as a partial shell at radio frequencies a few decades ago. Although it continued to be observed, no additional studies were undertaken until recently.

Methods. In this paper, we present results from a large selection of radio and X-ray data that cover the position of G321.3–3.9. We confirmed G321.3–3.9 as a new supernova remnant (SNR) using data collected by several radio surveys, spanning a frequency range from 200 to 2300 MHz. Stacked eROSITA data from four consecutive all-sky surveys (eRASS:4) provide spectro-imaging information in the energy band 0.2–8.0 keV.

Results. G321.3–3.9 has an elliptical shape with major and minor axes of approximately 1.°7 × 1.°1. From CHIPASS and S-PASS data, we calculate a spectral index α = −0.8 ± 0.2, consistent with synchrotron emission from an expanding shell in the radiative phase. The eROSITA data show an X-ray diffuse structure filling almost the entire radio shell. Based on our spectral analysis, we found the temperature to be approximately 0.6 keV and the column absorption density about 1021 cm−2. Comparing this absorption density to optical extinction maps, we estimated the distance to fall within the range of (1.0–1.7) kpc, considering the 1σ uncertainty range.
The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS)
Authors: Sestito Federico , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Vitali Sara , Montelius Martin , Lucchesi Romain , Venn Kim A. , Martin Nicolas F. , Navarro Julio F. , Starkenburg Else
Published: September 2024

We aim to constrain the chemo-dynamical properties of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy using carbon abundances. At low metal- licities in particular, these properties reveal the early chemical evolution of a system, tracing the contributing supernovae (SNe) and how much of their ejecta eventually made it into the next stellar generation. Our sample from the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) includes ~350 metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −1.5) stars in the main body of Sgr with good quality spectroscopic observations. Our metal-poor Sgr population has a larger velocity dispersion than metal-rich Sgr from the literature, which could be explained by outside-in star formation, extreme Galactic tidal perturbations, and/or the presence of a metal-rich disc and bar + metal-poor halo. The average carbon abundance [C/Fe] in Sgr is similar to that of other classical dwarf galaxies (DGs) and consistently lower than in the Milky Way by ~0.2–0.3 dex at low metallicities. The interstellar medium in DGs, including Sgr, may have retained yields from more energetic Population III and II supernovae (SNe), thereby reducing the average [C/Fe]. Additionally, SNe Ia producing more Fe than C would start to contribute at lower metallicity in DGs/Sgr than in the Galaxy. The presence of a [C/Fe] gradient for Sgr stars with [Fe/H] ≳ −2.0 (~6.8 × 10−4 dex arcmin−1) suggests that SNe la contributed to the system at those metallicities, especially in its inner regions. There is a low frequency of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in our Sgr sample. At higher metallicities and carbon abundances (i.e. mostly CEMPs), this may be due to photometric selection effects, but those are less likely to affect non-CEMP stars. Given the lower average [C/Fe] in DGs, we propose using the same CEMP definition ([C/Fe] > +0.7) as that applied to the Galaxy at large ends up underpredicting the number of CEMP stars in DGs. Burthermore, for Sgr, a cut at [C/Fe] ∽ +0.35 may be more appropriate, which brings the frequency of CEMP stars in agreement with that of the whole Galaxy.
Impact of Amphiregulin on Oocyte Maturation and Embryo Quality: Insights from Clinical and Molecular Perspectives
Authors: Kljajic Marija , Ney Jasmin Teresa , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Baus Simona , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Kasoha Mariz
Published: September 2024

Identifying non-invasive biomarkers which can predict the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is crucial, particularly in Germany where the challenges are intensified by the Embryo Protection Act. Recent research has highlighted biomarkers within the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family as central to follicular processes, although their predictive utility remains a subject of debate in the literature. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the significance of amphiregulin concentrations in follicular fluid and gene expression in mural granulosa cells on oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo quality.

A total of 33 women were recruited at the University Clinic of Saarland Fertility Center (Homburg, Germany). Follicular fluid aspiration consisted of single/individual aspiration of follicles, enabling a 1 : 1 correlation with retrieved oocytes. Follicular fluid and mural granulosa cell samples from 108 oocytes were analyzed. Amphiregulin levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while gene expression was analyzed with the StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System using TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix assays.

Results showed that amphiregulin concentrations affect oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo quality, while luteinizing hormone concentrations influence oocyte maturation, with significant differences identified between fertilized/unfertilized and good/poor embryo groups. Amphiregulin expression significantly impacts oocyte maturation, with downregulation observed in immature oocytes, while luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor expression showed no significant differences between groups and did not influence maturation, fertilization, or embryo quality.

These findings are very important for advancing infertility treatment, especially in Germany. The results for amphiregulin may provide prognostic insights which could be useful when selecting viable oocytes and embryos. This research underscores the importance of non-invasive biomarkers for optimizing ICSI outcomes and potentially enhancing the success rates of assisted reproductive technology.
Evaluating the Modified American Academy of Pediatrics Screening Algorithm for Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hoff Hannah , Quary Sharon , Keesari Rohali , Oster Matthew E.
Published: September 2024

Objective In 2018, an expert panel recommended two key modifications to the most used algorithm for screening neonates for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of the modified algorithm compared with those of the original algorithm in a real-world setting.

Study Design We compared the performance characteristics of an original CCHD algorithm used to screen term neonates at a large hospital system between October 26, 2018, and October 15, 2020, and the recommended modified algorithm used between October 15, 2020, and June 30, 2022. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, proportion of false positives with non-CCHD illness, and error rates of test administration and interpretation for each algorithm.

Results Sensitivity was not significantly different between the modified algorithm compared with the original algorithm (40.00 vs. 12.50%, p ≥0.99), but specificity was lower (and hence false positive rate was higher) in the modified algorithm (99.91 vs. 99.98%, p < 0.001). Despite a higher false positive rate in the modified algorithm, the proportion of false positives with significant non-CCHD illness was similar (36.47 vs. 28.57%, p ≥0.99), a finding that translated to an increase in the number of cases of significant non-CCHD illness detected (11 cases out of 32,178 screens vs. 2 cases out of 32,984 screens). Error rates of test administration and interpretation were similar between the two algorithms.

Conclusion In this limited study, the modified algorithm for CCHD screening using pulse oximetry had a higher false positive rate than that of the original American Academy of Pediatrics algorithm. However, this higher rate led to an increased overall number of cases detected of significant non-CCHD illness.

Key Points
Nulliparous Individuals with Class III Obesity: Adverse Outcomes with Labor versus Planned Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Cagino Kristen A. , Chen Han-Yang , Becker Cabrina , Red Beverly , Chauhan Suneet P. , Mendez-Figueroa Hector
Published: September 2024

Objective Individuals with class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg/m2) are at increased risk of cesarean delivery (CD) and peripartum complications. We ascertained compositive neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes among individuals with class III obesity who labored versus had planned CD.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2021 using the National Vital Statistics System database. Nulliparous individuals with class III obesity prepregnancy were included if they had singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies and delivered at 37 to 41 weeks of gestation. Individuals were excluded if they had hypertensive disorders or diabetes. The primary outcome was a composite neonatal adverse outcome (CNAO), consisting of Apgar score less than 5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation > 6 hours, neonatal seizure, or neonatal death. The secondary outcome was a composite maternal adverse outcome (CMAO) that included admission to the intensive care unit, maternal transfusion, uterine rupture, or unplanned hysterectomy. A sensitivity analysis using a CMAO without transfusion was performed. A multivariable Poisson regression model was performed to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Of 192,298 individuals who met inclusion criteria, 169,676 (88.2%) labored and 22,622 (11.8%) had a planned CD. Compared with neonates delivered by planned CD, the risk of CNAO was significantly lower in those who delivered after labor (aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.87). There was no significant difference in the risk of CMAO between groups (aRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.87–1.41). However, the risk of CMAO without transfusion was lower in individuals who labored (aRR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40–0.83).

Conclusion In nulliparous individuals with class III obesity, the risk of CNAO and of CMAO without transfusion were significantly lower in individuals who labored, versus those who had a planned CD.

Key Points
Synthesis of 6-Hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoate Ethyl Ester by Chemoenzymatic Method
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Ding Zhengdong
Published: September 2024

6-Hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoate ethyl ester, an intermediate of α-lipoic acid, was synthesized via a chemoenzymatic method. High-throughput screening revealed that keto reductase HGD-1 could effectively catalyze the preparation of 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoate ethyl ester, achieving a substantial conversion rate. The reaction conditions were optimized subsequently, the parameters for the complexation reaction were established as follows: a weight of AlCl3 1.8 times that of the substrate; a reaction time of 4 h; a temperature range of 20–25 °C. The parameters for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction were as follows: a temperature range of 25–30 °C; a reaction time of 4 h; a solution pH of 6.5–7.5; a substrate concentration of 50 g/L; concentrations of keto reductase HGD-1, coenzyme glucose dehydrogenase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate of 3 g/L, 4 g/L, and 0.05 g/L, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the substrate conversion rate exceeded 95%, and 92% yield of 6-hydroxy-8-chlorooctanoate ethyl ester is obtained, suggesting a viable, eco-friendly method for synthesizing α-lipoic acid, and it provides a green process route for the industrial production of α-lipoic acid.
Oculomotor Findings in Videonystagmography across the Lifespan
Authors: Tobener Elizabeth , Searer Ashlee , Doettl Steven , Plyler Patrick
Published: September 2024

Abstract Background When performing oculomotor testing during standard videonystagmography (VNG), the vestibular system is not actively stimulated. Therefore, responses are generated from the cerebellum, brainstem, and oculomotor tract. Many patients seen for
vestibular testing fall outside of the standard age norms, making it difficult to determine whether an abnormal finding is due to age or oculomotor dysfunction. Purpose The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effect of age on a standard clinical VNG oculomotor
test battery consisting of saccades, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic (OPK) testing. Research Design This is a cross-sectional, between-group prospective study comparing oculomotor tests between age groups. Study Sample Twenty-one older adults between the ages
of 60 and 90 years with no history of central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction were included in the study. Previously collected data from 29 children aged 4 to 6 years and 33 adults aged 20 to 60 years were also included. Data Collection and Analysis Participants completed
oculomotor testing using infrared goggles consisting of saccades, smooth pursuit, and OPK. Statistical analyses were completed using multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variance and follow-up analysis when indicated. Results Significant group differences were
noted for saccade latency and speed, smooth pursuit gain, and OPK gain and speed. Children and older adults demonstrated longer saccade latencies compared with the controls, and older adults exhibited slower saccade speed than the controls and children. These results also indicated that smooth
pursuit gain was reduced for children and older adults compared with controls, and gain decreased across all groups as frequency increased. Analyses of OPK results indicated older adults had reduced gain and speed compared with the children and control group. Conclusions The
findings of prolonged saccade latencies and reduced smooth pursuit gain in both children and older adults suggest possible cerebellar rather than attentional effects. However, other findings such as reduced saccade speed and reduced OPK gain were noted only in the older adults, which suggests
oculomotor degeneration and/or insufficient coverage of the visual field during testing, respectively. These results also indicate the importance of age-specific normative data for use in clinical oculomotor testing.
Rhinoplasty Training: An Innovative Learning Approach Using Chicken Breast
Authors: Freire Leila , Dolci José Eduardo Lutaif
Published: September 2024

Mastering rhinoplasty surgical techniques requires extensive learning involving theoretical studies, internships, cadaver laboratories, simulators, nonhuman models, and hands-on practice. A novel method using chicken breast simplifies skill development, offering flexibility and accessibility. Training on chicken breast allows surgeons to refine skills through various techniques and grafts. This study focuses on preservation techniques using chicken as a model. Surgical sequences simulate nasal structures using prepared chicken breasts. Documentation through media illustrates procedures from basic to advanced, using materials akin to traditional rhinoplasty but in reduced quantities. Chicken breast tissue, especially sternal cartilage, offers a suitable substrate for practicing techniques and grafting without live human or cadaveric tissue. This method provides an efficient, safe, and cost-effective approach to learning rhinoplasty.