bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Note on the Relationship of the Kuder Preference Record Scales to College Marks, Scholastic Aptitude and Other Variables
Authors: Phillips W. S. , Osborne R. T.
Published: July 2017

Test results and scholastic records of over 400 University of Georgia male students were analyzed by level of scholastic aptitude, college marks, occupational preference and academic adjustment. Results of this preliminary study seem to justify the following conclusions:

1. Students in the School of Business Administration seem to have characteristic occupational interest profiles on the Kuder Preference Record. Business Administration students, whether selected at random from the University student body or selected from the list of probation and excluded students, scored significantly higher on the Persuasive, Computational, and Clerical scales of the Kuder Preference Record than do non-Business Administration students.

2. The present data show no significant relationship between the several Kuder Preference Record scales and weighted grade; i.e., for the subjects of this study, college marks could not be accurately predicted from scores on the Kuder Preference Record.

3. A slight positive relationship was found between scores on the Literary scale of the Kuder Preference Record and scholastic aptitude, while Social Service, Mechanical and Computational scores seem to show low but negative relationship to scholastic aptitude.

4. Kuder Preference Record scores for students on scholastic probation do not differ significantly from scores made by students not on probation. Numerically, the mean percentiles of non-probation students are higher than those of probation students in Business Administration on those sub-tests that are typically high for students of this school. That the difference is not statistically significant makes additional comment largely speculative. There is, however, sufficient intimation that “highness” on these typically high sub-scores may relate to factors underlying successful work in this school so as to warrant more extensive study.
A Special Science Program for Gifted Elementary School Children
Authors: Wiszowaty Kenneth W.
Published: July 2017

EDITORIAL NOTE: This unique program employing the talents of a science teacher could effectively be worked out with similar anticipated success in almost any other subject matter area. In the final analysis, there is nothing to beat a one to one ratio of one superior teacher to one pupil relationship. In order to provide a more vivid picture of the setting in which this unusual science program takes place, Dr. Elkin was asked to supply a little more background information about the school. His response follows.

The Rogers School has an enrollment of just over one thousand and 25% of this enrollment have I.Q.'s of 120 and above. Mr. Wiszowaty is a regularly assigned teacher, paid from Board of Education funds, but does not have a class of his own. He devotes full-time to conferences with pupils on special science projects, and these children are excused from their regular classes to report to his laboratory in our school building. They also come in before school and during recess and lunch periods for additional work on their projects.
College Courses and Educational Facilitation of the Gifted
Authors: Solano Cecilia H. , George William C.
Published: July 2017

Mathematically precocious junior high school students have been encouraged by SMPY to take college courses. To be eligible, the student should score at least 550 on the matematical part of the College Board's Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT-M) as a seventh or eighth grader. A score of at least 400 on SAT-Verbal is also desirable. Courses should be taken for graded credit, preferably in the summer, and in the area of the individual's high ability. Many colleges and universities have proved willing or even eager to admit talented young students. The credits earned can be held in escrow for college later. In the last five years, 131 SMPY youths have taken 277 college courses and earned an over all GPA of 3.59, where 4:A and 3-B. Girls take fewer courses than boys and have a sightly lower GPA. Community colleges are a great deal easier for these students than either colleges of universities. These youths experience little social or emotional difficulty in the college classroom. A comparison group of considerably older high school students who took evening college courses did not do as well as the SMPY group (GPA 3.02 versus 3.59). This was probably due to the greater selectivity by SMPY on both ability and motivation to work in a college class.
An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Games On the Development of Cognitive Skills in Young Children
Authors: Kennedy Beth T. , Newman Murray A.
Published: July 2017

This study deals with the effects of games on the development of analytic thinking and problem solving skills in young children. Eight tasks were constructed, based on Guilford's Structure of the Intellect (SOI) model and following an SOI analysis of the games used in the Program. These tasks were administered on a post-only basis to Grade One project and comparison groups. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the project group significantly out-performed the comparison group on two of the eight activities, suggesting improvement in the cognitive operation of Evaluation. The methodology, discussed in detail in this exploratory study, will be useful in future studies.
Foam Extrusion of Thermoplastic Elastomers Using CO2 as Blowing Agent
Authors: Kropp D. , Michaeli W. , Herrmann T. , Schröder O.
Published: July 2017

An experimental investigation was conducted to research the foamability of different thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) using CO2 as blowing agent and Hydrocerol as nucleating agent. For each material, different foaming temperatures, as well as blowing and nucleating agent percentages, were examined. A specific TPU-type showed the best foamability; a SEBS-type was also successfully foamed, and a PP/EPDM-blend especially developed for foaming with water was most difficult to foam with CO2 as blowing agent.
Considerations on the Selection of Polyurethane Systems for Midsole Wedges in Athletic Footwear Application
Authors: Indesteege J. , Camargo R. E. , Mackey P. W. , Bagaglio G. , Dent A.
Published: July 2017

Most developments of high performance polyurethane foam systems for manufacturing sport shoe midsole wedges have concentrated on reducing the density while maintaining physical properties. In the drive to reduce the density of the midsole material it has become apparent that maximizing any one physical property can result in the deficiency of another critical parameter. Increasing the hardness of a soling material, for example, may be needed to increase the load capacity and potentially result in improved cushioning. However, if the system is not properly modified taking into account some basic principles of polyurethane elastomers, the resulting foam can have lower resiliency and tear strength. Therefore, it is important to understand the interrelationships of properties to ensure both the durability and performance of a sport shoe. Tear strength, tensile strength and elongation are specified to ensure the strength and durability, whereas pendulum rebound, skin hardness and resiliency are specified to ensure the performance and comfort of the shoe. This paper describes in detail the physical property balance for midsole wedge materials that satisfies typical hardness specifications of sport shoe manufacturers. It advocates using compression hardness instead of indentation or skin hardness to specify the load bearing characteristics of midsole materials. This paper also shows that the physical properties of a system vary as a function of the processing conditions, as well as how the measurement of these properties are affected by the testing environment. Using this information, the sport shoe designer can engineer not only the right product, but also the right process to guarantee the maximum performance and durability of a shoe.
On the Complex Regulating the Voiced-Voiceless Distinction I
Authors: Slis I.H. , Cohen A.
Published: July 2017

An investigation is described of the perceptual and acoustical differences between voiceless and voiced consonants in Dutch. The experiments reported included synthesized, normal and whispered speech. The results are compared with those found in the literature for other languages. Parallels between the results of the various investigations could be established, although quantitative differences apply to different languages.

It is shown that a number of perceptual and acoustical cues are present, such as: sound intensity and duration of fricative noise, duration of the consonant and duration of the preceding vowel, voicing and the moment of voice onset, intonation pattern and amplitude as well as duration and frequency range of the formant transitions of the adjoining vowels.

To establish a connection between these parameters an articulatory model of the difference voiced-voiceless is proposed. Essential features in the construction of this model are the observed acoustical symptoms and physiological data as reported in the literature. The model is based on the assumption that the difference voiced-voiceless is due to the presence or absence of activity of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

This muscle influences the volume of the pharynx and the position of the larynx, and consequently the pressure drop across the glottis and the vibration condition of the vocal cords.
Teaching /ba/ and /pa/ to Deaf Children Using Real-Time Spectral Displays
Authors: Stark Rachel E.
Published: July 2017

A study was made of the ability of deaf children to profit from visually displayed spectral information in learning to produce /ba/and /pa/. In a school for the deaf eight subjects were taught these syllables by means of visual displays of speech, and eight subjects by means of conventional training techniques. Ability to produce these sounds was tested before, immediately after, and six to eight weeks after training. Performance was assessed by means of listener judgments, and by means of measurements of the time of onset of voicing for /ba/ and for /pa/. Most of the deaf children were better able to say /ba/ than /pa/ before training. Skill in the production of /pa/ improved with training, but skill in the production of /ba/ did not. The group taught by means of visual displays showed more improvement than the conventionally trained group. This improvement was maintained through the six to eight week period following training.
Aphasics' Attention to Grammatical Morphemes
Authors: Goodenough Cheryl , Zurif Edgar B. , Weintraub Sandra
Published: July 2017

The widespread clinical description of Broca's aphasics as having relatively preserved comprehension compared to their reduced production provided the focus of a study of aphasics' attention to definite and indefinite articles. Aphasics of four types — classical Broca's, classical Wernicke's, mixed anterior, and anomic — chose figures in response to sentences in which articles were used sometimes appropriately and sometimes anomalously. Measures of response latencies and observation of response choices showed that classical Broca's aphasics like the Wernicke's failed to attend to the articles. Only anomic aphasics performed similarly to normals. It is suggested that agrammatism precludes attention to normally semantically empty morphemes.
Young Children's Comprehension of Complex Sentences
Authors: Fluck Michael J.
Published: July 2017

Studies of children's speech have shown that sentences with subordinate clauses in the subject generally appear later than those with such clauses in the object; this fits Yngve's model of sentence production. However, there are reasons for believing that children must learn to perceive and interpret 'subject' sentences at an earlier age than 'object' sentences. The present study was intended to investigate this and to test specific predictions based on hypothesized processing strategies. The predictions were generally supported and it was shown that children do not acquire a strategy which allows them to interpret 'object' clauses before mental age 7, whereas a strategy which can handle 'subject' sentences is established before this.
A Comparison of Speech—Sound Production and Discrimination in Children With Functional Articulation Disorders
Authors: Rogow Waldman Fern , Singh Sadanand , Hayden Mary Ellen
Published: July 2017

Thirty five-, six- and seven-year-old male children, who were diagnosed as having a functional articulation disorder, were administered tests of speech sound production and discrimination to investigate the hypothesized relationship between these two functions. The Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination was used to obtain discrimination responses. The same instrument was adapted to obtain articulation responses from the identical word-picture stimulus items. An articulatory-based distinctive feature system was employed to analyse both articulation and discrimination responses. Univariate statistics performed on the articulation and discrimination scores revealed a lack of significant correlation and a superiority of discrimination over articulation performance. Discriminant analysis revealed further that articulation and discrimination profiles, constructed from feature scores, were statistically distinct. Implications for articulation therapy are discussed.
Patterns of Correlations for Various Language Measures in Mother-Child Interactions for Normal and Down's Syndrome Children
Authors: Rondal J.A.
Published: July 2017

Forty-two normal and Down's syndrome children and their mothers were observed while interacting at home in a free-play situation. The linguistic level of the children as assessed by mean length of utterance ranged from 1.00 to 3.00. Quantitative aspects of the verbal interaction were analysed. They were found to vary with the language level of the children. Correlational analyses confirmed the validity of MLU as a reflection of formal complexity in children's speech and in mothers' speech directed to their children. The data were related to other recent studies on the same topic.
A Study of Two English Nuclear Tones
Authors: Ashby Michael G.
Published: July 2017

This paper outlines a framework for the description of English intonation, and then reports on a study of “high falling” and “low rising” nuclear tones, based on measurements on a corpus of 150 utterances produced by three speakers. It is found (i) that under the conditions of the experiment, the various tokens of a given intonation type as produced by a given talker cluster closely around a single pattern; and (ii) that speakers differ one from another in consistent ways, suggesting that adequate normalisation procedures can be found. Synthetic speech approximations to the patterns are discussed.
Interactions of Intensity Glides and Frequency Glissandos
Authors: Rossi Mario
Published: July 2017

The influence of positive intensity glides is investigated on static and both rising and falling contour tones. After determining the glissando threshold by the method of discrimination, it is found that a positive or negative intensity glide associated with a static tone is perceived as a glissando in the same direction and above the threshold. A negative intensity glide, however, associated with a rising or falling glissando, hinders the perception whereas a positive glide associated with a glissando improves its perception and lowers the threshold. An effect of intensity glides on the pitch configuration is noted; a positive glide associated with a rising glissando causes a concave tone to be perceived, whereas associated with a falling one it causes a convex tone to be perceived. A model to explain this interaction is proposed based on the temporal concordance of the pitch point and the loudness point, and the implications of these results for prosodic studies are examined.
Semantic Aspects of Psycholinguistic Research in Simultaneous Interpretation
Authors: Chernov Ghelly V.
Published: July 2017

Simultaneous conference interpretation is considered on the basis of a linguistic (semantic) approach, and a bilingual performance model framework is suggested, based on probability prediction of the sense of the incoming source-language (SL) message by an interpreter. The role of semantic redundancy as a source of semantic prediction is discussed. The results of an experimental study of a probability prediction semantic model of simultaneous interpretation (SI) mechanism lead the author to hypothesize a cumulative dynamic analysis of the semantic structure of the incoming message being subconsciously performed by an interpreter. The conclusions touch on the prospects of further psycholinguistic research in simultaneous interpretation.
Temporal Characteristics in Infant Cry and Non-Cry Vocalizations
Authors: D'Odorico Laura , Franco Fabia , Vidotto Giulio
Published: July 2017

Cry and non-cry vocalizations in four infants, videorecorded between 4 and 8 months of age, were analyzed by spectrograph in order to extract their temporal features. The vocalizations were classified with respect to their communicative value on the basis of situational context. Temporal parameters considered were: sequence length, pause duration, and vocalization duration. In order to analyze the influence of communicative value and non-segmental characteristics - voicing, melodic pattern, manner of phonation — five ANOVAs were performed. Results showed that duration of vocalizations is influenced by communicative value and non-segmental features, but in most cases not independently one factor from the other. A hypothesis of a prevalently indirect influence of communicative value on duration and temporal patterning is discussed.
Cognitive Rhythms Reluctantly Revisited
Authors: Kowal Sabine H. , O'Connell Daniel C.
Published: July 2017

In response to the Power (1983) - Beattie (1984) controversy, a more general critique of the construct of cognitive rhythms is presented. It is argued that the term itself is a misnomer, that the relevance of articulation rate has been neglected, that fluent and hesitant phases of cognitive rhythms have been assessed both subjectively and intuitively, that the speech-production model underlying the concept is simplistic, and that the empirical evidence is based on an extraordinarily small corpus which has been described inadequately in the research literature.
On-Line Probe Recognition Latencies Within Complex Sentences
Authors: Kurtzman Howard S.
Published: July 2017

The notion was tested that sentence perception involves holding single clauses or propositions in a temporary buffer. Subjects were visually presented, one word at a time, with two-clause sentences in which each clause expressed a complete proposition. At an unexpected point in the second clause, the sentence was interrupted, a probe word was presented, and subjects were to respond quickly whether the probe word had appeared previously in the sentence. In sentences comprised of coordinate clauses, response times did not differ between probes that had appeared previously in the first clause and those that had appeared in the second clause. This is contrary to earlier work, in which the probe was presented following a complete sentence, that found faster response time for a probe that had appeared in the second clause. It is concluded that single clauses or propositions are not held in any temporary buffer during processing of a sentence but that more recently presented or important material may become more accessible in memory as presentation of the sentence proceeds. Surprising results for sentences containing complement and relative clauses suggest, however, that the sentence processor itself does treat clauses or propositions as distinct entities.
Meat Safety: Challenges for the Future
Authors: Saucier Linda
Published: July 2017

Meat and meat products are part of the daily diet of many individuals and constitute an important economic component of the agricultural activities of several countries. Meat safety can be challenged in various ways, including by chemical residues (eg pesticides, antibiotics), disease in animals (eg transmissible spongiform encephalopathy) but, most importantly, by microbial contamination with pathogenic microbes or their toxins. The microbial world is in constant evolution, with basically infinite adaptive capacities towards the conditions that we will use to control it — all making meat safety a perpetual issue. On the verge of the new millennium, with the world population still rising, and with increasing market globalization as a result of which, meats will travel greater distances and for longer periods of time, a concerted effort among regulatory agencies, scientists and industry is necessary in order to develop novel alternatives for food preservation and to identify new investigation and detection methods for causative agents of meatborne illnesses.
An Approach to Planning Discourse Analysis
Authors: Portugali Juval , Alfasi Nurit
Published: July 2017

The field of planning discourse is associated with two main approaches to planning: one that is based in social theory and another that is related to discourse analysis as practised in cognitive science. In both domains, the aim of the analysis is to reveal policies, ideologies, linguistic structures, etc. that are represented by the discourse. This paper looks not beyond the discourse, but rather at the dynamics of the discourse itself. It does so by means of the SIRN (synergetic inter-representation network) approach that was originally inspired by Bartlett in a study of remembering that also provided the foundation for discourse analysis as practised in cognitive science. The usefulness of the SIRN approach is illustrated by reference to empirical data obtained from participatory observation of a planning team that worked on a plan for the city of Beer Sheva, Israel, during the years 1994—97.
Struggles over Unlicensed Housing in Seoul, 1960—80
Authors: Mobrand Erik
Published: July 2017

What happens when an exceptionally strong state takes on an especially rapid expansion of squatter settlements? A dramatic struggle of such proportions—between the forces of fast industrialisation pulling rural people into the city and an effective, modernising state intolerant of squatting—was played out in Seoul, South Korea, in the 1960s and 1970s, when that city was one of the world's fastest-growing metropolises. This paper documents battles over unlicensed housing in Seoul and finds that leaders repeatedly failed in their endeavour to clear the city's shantytowns, despite the impressive coercive capacity of the South Korean state. Instead, the state was forced to accommodate other interests, including industrial employers, more-privileged urban residents, land investors and squatters themselves. The remarkable case of Seoul offers insight into broader questions about the politics of housing the urban poor in the developing world.
Missiological Issues in the Encounter with Emerging Islam
Authors: Woodberry J. Dudley
Published: July 2017

The symbol of the cross within the crescent provides the conceptual framework for reflection. First, the context of the encounter is seen as the impact of modernity, postmodernity, globalization, and multipolar conflicts in addition to the traditional tensions. Second, emerging Islam is analyzed with its liberal, conservative, fundamentalist, secular, mystical, and popular perspectives, most of which are expected to continue. These have influenced perceptions of the Qur'an, Muhammad, and women. Third, the encounter of fast-growing Islam and Christianity involves a spectrum of attitudes and approaches with theological, cultural, and humanitarian components. These, finally, raise a host of missiological issues concerning dialogue, cooperation, and proclamation.
The Shintō Shrine Conflict and Protestant Martyrs in Korea, 1938–1945
Authors: Grayson James Huntley
Published: July 2017

From 1930 to 1945, the Japanese colonial government of Korea pursued a policy of requiring attendance at the rituals of the State Shintō cult. Failure to comply met with severe punishment with 50 Koreans being known to have died as a result of their opposition to shrine worship. Although unquestionably holding nationalistic sentiments, these martyrs died as a result of their religious rather than their political beliefs. Refusal to comply with the colonial regime's demands led to differences within the Christian community, which in turn led to the subsequent creation of denominations which separated themselves from groups which were perceived to have compromised their Christian witness.
Christian Witness in a Marketplace of Cultured Alternatives
Authors: Zahniser A. H. Mathias
Published: July 2017

In On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers (1799; Eng. Ed. 1988), Friedrich Schleiermacher launched an apologetic for Christian faith at people who thought being rational and well educated entailed rejecting the truth claims of religion. Today we encounter cultured adherents of alternative religions just down the street from us. They believe their religion represents the best way, if not the only true way, of truth and life. Four mottoes capture an appropriate way of Christian witness to such people: Building relationships is more important than tearing down strongholds; You can never know enough, but you can easily know too much; It is better to inspire hope than to be admired; and overcome yourself not the enemy. These mottoes say in essence, build relationships, keep persons in the foreground, let God work within them, and overcome fear and false witness within yourself.
Living Together with the Ancestors: Ancestor Veneration in Africa as a Challenge for Missiology
Authors: Triebel Johannes
Published: July 2017

The phrase “living together with the ancestors” summarizes the religious identity of Africans and opens the discussion about how far ancestor veneration may be regarded as the center of African traditional religions. Some stress only the social relevance of these rites, others the religious implications. This article describes the rites of ancestor veneration that were understood by the missionaries as a contradiction to the first commandment. The author looks for ways to integrate ancestor veneration into the Christian faith, finally focusing on Holy Communion where the ancestors may be integrated in the worshiping community and where the gifts that have been expected from the ancestors now are granted by Christ: the fullness of life.
Fredrik Franson: Pioneer Mission Strategist
Authors: Torjesen Edvard , Torjesen H. Wilbert (Will)
Published: July 2017

Rev. Fredrik Franson was the founding director of the Scandinavian Alliance Mission (now The Evangelical Alliance Mission, TEAM). The English-speaking world knows very little about the contribution to the global mission of the church by Swedish-born Fredrik Franson. He was a product of the spiritual revivals in nineteenth-century Scandinavia. Franson was a world evangelist, recruiter, teacher, and trainer of missionaries to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. He collaborated with Hudson Taylor and A. B. Simpson in sending missionaries to inland China. Franson founded sixteen mission agencies and church denominations in six nations during his ministry of 33 years. Scores of missionaries were motivated to missionary service by Fredrik Franson's incredible ministry. In this article H. Wilbert Norton uses the 858-page definitive biography, A Study of Fredrick Franson, by Edvard Paul Torjesen, to sketch a portrait of Franson's life and work.
A Comparison of Christian Missions and Islamic Da'wah
Authors: Wagner William
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to compare the Christian concept of missions with the Islamic concept of Da'wah. The first step is to define both and to give an understanding as to how each faith system understands its task of enlarging its religion. Next, the similarities and the differences are discussed, leading into the next section, which gives an understanding of the dialogue between both. Since the paper is written for a Western audience, the latter part is an emphasis on how Muslims understand Da'wah and how it is practiced in the West.
The Crusades and Colonial Imperialism: Some Historical Considerations concerning Christian-Muslim Interaction and Dialogue
Authors: Huff Livingstone M.
Published: July 2017

Behind contemporary Christian-Muslim interaction and dialogue lie centuries of historical baggage that have resulted in misconception, misunderstanding, and mistrust. Two of the primary historical phenomena that color Christian-Muslim interaction and dialogue are the Crusades and colonial imperialism. This article concerns itself with these two historical events. After a brief description of Christian-Muslim interaction at the time of Muhammad, it discusses the volatile topic of the Crusades. It gives particular focus to three influential Christian leaders who, during the time of the Crusades, disagreed with the militaristic approach of the Crusaders. Then the article addresses Christian-Muslim interaction during the era of colonial imperialism.
The Mission of Public Theology in an Age of Empire
Authors: Slessarev-Jamir Helene
Published: July 2017

In the midst of empire, the American church finds itself deeply divided between those who have embraced a new Constantinianism and those who are seeking to live out of a first century understanding of the Beatitudes. Within this context the urban church has a particular calling from God to speak out on behalf of those people and communities who are marginalized by empire. This calling has led some urban churches into public engagement on behalf of social justice. Active civic engagement by local faith institutions can give voice to groups of people in our society whose interests are otherwise largely unrepresented because congregations are one of the few remaining mass membership organizations in America that still draw a large share of their membership from the non-elite. This work is particularly critical at a time when many other organizations that once served as vehicles of social reform have become consumed with their own self-preservation.
Evangelical Costa Rican Churches, Folk-Catholics, and Conversion: The Case Study of the Ritual Prayer of El Rezo del Niño
Authors: Guzmán Osías A. Segura
Published: July 2017

Although over four hundred years of Roman and folk-Catholicism have greatly shaped the consciousness of Costa Rican culture and identity, evangelicals continue preaching to Costa Ricans that in order to follow Christ they must reject being “Catholic.” This article proposes that evangelicals should facilitate conversion as a process of innovation and re-socialization through the adaptation of folk-Catholic communal rituals, adding the rich evangelical tradition of studying the Scripture. It presents an alternative ritual based upon the folk-Catholic tradition of El Rezo del Niño as an example of how evangelicals can present Christ without rejecting Costa Rican cultural traditions.
Missional Theology
Authors: Tiénou Tite , Hiebert Paul G.
Published: July 2017

The authors argue that missionaries and ministers do not simply apply theology, they do theology in a third way. Missional theology draws on and complements systematic and biblical theology. Systematic theology uses the methods of philosophy to study the ultimate structure of reality. Biblical theology uses the methods of history to study the cosmic story. Missional theology uses the methods of American law, which examines specific human situations in the light of constitutional, statutory, and precedent case law.
Short-Term Missions: Toward a More Field-Oriented Model
Authors: Zehner Edwin
Published: July 2017

Material from an East African church and an Asian church suggests the necessity and possibility of a new approach to the training and supervision of short-term missionaries. The two cases suggest viewing these missionaries as “trainees” rather than “helpers,” and suggests putting their supervision and spiritual formation directly in the hands of the overseas churches they serve. A concluding discussion explores some of the broader implications of this model for cross-cultural church relations.
Closing the Loop: Debriefing and the Short-Term College Missions Team
Authors: Johnstone David M.
Published: July 2017

Colleges routinely send teams across cultural and economic lines to serve other communities. The returning from any cross-cultural experience is laced with dissonance. This article hopes to provide paradigms to assist making these trips a more significant educational experience. Using Mannoia's description of how learning takes place, we perceive that all aspects of the educational experience can become tools for creating learning. Short-term cross-cultural trips have the potential for being one of the most formative pedagogical experiences of a student's college career. The tools presented here should assist them to transform the event into a significant life experience.
Pentecostalism and Mission
Authors: Robeck Cecil M.
Published: July 2017

The origin of the global Pentecostal Movement is the subject of heated debate. A number of suggestions are currently being explored. None of them, however, showed the dynamic missionary concern that the Azusa Street Mission did during the revival (1906–1909) that soon circled the globe. This article explains the importance of this African American congregation and its missionary contribution. While it was ridiculed by church and society, it sent out scores of missionaries. Its newspaper, The Apostolic Faith, became a widely influential instrument for taking the revival to the ends of the earth. Pastors seeking to have their ministries revitalized there through baptism in the Spirit led to still more missionary commitments. Thus, the Mission's missionary impact is unparalleled in the early Pentecostal Movement.
Drunkenness in Indigenous Religious Rites
Authors: Nida Eugene A.
Published: July 2017

Drunkenness, like other human activity, has to be viewed cross-culturally to be seen in the light of its meaning in any particular culture. In this article Dr. Eugene A. Nida suggests briefly that the motivations behind drunkenness in the United States do not necessarily apply in other societies, and particularly that drunkenness has a ritual, ecstatic function in many religious rites.
Deepening the Bonds of Christian Community: Applying Rite of Passage Structure to the Discipling Process in Taiwan
Authors: Courson Jim
Published: July 2017

Rite of passage structure holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of Christian discipling. This article explores discipling in Taiwan and proposes a model based on a second-century Roman Christian practice. Research by missionary Allen Swanson provides an introduction to the Taiwan problem. Arnold van Gennep's rite of passage model combined with Victor Turner's emphasis on liminality and communitas informs our understanding of critical issues related to the process of conversion. Then, drawing on practices common to the early church, a model is proposed for an extended inquiry process that engages initiate and community in a rite of passage that facilitates bonding.
Preparation and Properties of Ionic Polychloroprene Rubber
Authors: Chakravarty D. , Mal D. , Konar J. , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: July 2017

Ionic polychloroprene rubber was prepared by reaction of poly-chloroprene rubber with acetyl sulfate at different times (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 15 h) and temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). The product was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The modification increased with increasing reaction time and temperature. The modified rubber had lower intrinsic viscosity in chloroform and higher values of tensile strength, modulus and energy to break.
Rheological and Extrudate Behaviour of Natural Rubber/Latex Reclaim Blends
Authors: George Reena Susan , Joseph Rani , George K. E. , Francis D. Joseph
Published: July 2017

The rheological and extrudate behaviour of natural rubber/latex reclaim blends were evaluated using a capillary viscometer. The study shows that the viscosity of natural rubber decreases marginally on the addition of latex reclaim while the variation of viscosity with shear rate is not affected. The temperature sensitivity of the blends is not affected significantly with the addition of latex reclaim. The extrudates of natural rubber/latex reclaim blends are smooth up to the addition of about 50 wt. percent latex reclaim in filled natural rubber compounds.
Dynamic Behavior of a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Internal Pressure
Authors: Darwish D. M. , Cannon John R.
Published: July 2017

The problem considered here is a dynamic problem for pressure applied uniformly to the interior surface of the viscoelastic hollow circular cylinder encased by and bonded to an elastic cylindrical casing. The solution is obtained from a second order nonlinear integro-differential equation of Volterra type of the second kind. The integro-differential equation is shown to have a unique solution. A numerical procedure is derived and shown to produce approximations that converge to the solution. Some numerical results are presented and discussed. Applications arise in the manufacture of solid rocket propellants, polymers, casting of various materials, etc. One interesting application would be the short time combustion of a solid rocket where the dynamics of the interior boundary did not come into play yet possible pressure variations could excite higher modes of the resonance frequency. The question of resonance is discussed in the discussion of the numerical results.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Thermo-Oxidative Aging on the Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash and Commercial Fillers in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Ishiaku U. S. , Azhar A. A. , Ishak Z. A. Mohd
Published: July 2017

The effect of thermo-oxidative aging on physical properties viz. modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength and hardness of rice husk ash (RHA) and commercial fillers in ENR compounds have been studied. While the modulus and hardness increased with aging, other properties, i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength decreased. The poor retention in properties indicates that thermo-oxidative aging process has resulted in permanent damage to the vulcanizates. The hardening and brittleness of the aged vulcanizates provides clear evidence for the aging process. The comparable retention values of both white rice husk ash (WRHA), black rice husk ash (BRHA), carbon black and silica filled vulcanizates indicates that the thermo-oxidative aging behaviour is determined predominantly by the ENR matrix. Scanning electron microscopy on fracture surfaces after aging shows the filler particles were poorly wetted by the rubber matrix. This explains the dramatic reduction in tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength after aging.
Studies on the Effect of Stabilizer Systems on Quality of Condoms
Authors: Maret Jasmin , Mathew N. M. , Francis Joseph , Sahayadasan J.
Published: July 2017

The effect of different stabilizer systems in latex compounding on the quality of condoms was studied. It was observed that a casein potassium laurate system significantly reduces rejections due to pin holes without adversely affecting the quality of condoms. A slight increase in mechanical strength was observed from the measurement of the air pressure necessary to burst the condom and volumes at burst. Retention of tensile properties after ageing was also found to be better for the casein potassium laurate combination.
Social Identity, the Virtues, and the Good Life: A New Approach to Romans 12:1–15:13
Authors: Esler Philip E
Published: July 2017

Romans 12:1–15:13 comprises a recognizable unit in the letter. But existing attempts to describe its distinctiveness focus upon concepts of “ethics” and “paraenesis” which are problematic in a number of respects. This study proposes a new manner of characterizing this section of Romans that integrates social identity theory with notions of the good life and the virtues derived from Aristotle that have staged a powerful resurgence in recent ethical discourse. This integrated approach is then applied to Romans 12:1–15:13 in a general way. From this discussion it emerges that this part of the letter can be interpreted both as Paul's attempt to outline descriptors of the new identity his addressees experience as members of the Christ-movement, especially in relation to agape, and as a vision of the moral life very similar to the Aristotelian interest in the virtues as the means to promote human flourishing.
Contested Claims: Roman Imperial Theology and Matthew's Gospel
Authors: Carter Warren
Published: July 2017

Much recent Matthean scholarship has concentrated on the relationship between Matthew's audience and the synagogue “down the street.” Without challenging this focus, this article explores a further, largely neglected horizon, the audience's interaction with a dimension of Roman imperial power well evidenced in Antioch. Imperial theology, a cluster of themes explicating the power relationship between ruler and ruled, asserts that the Flavian emperors were elected by the Gods to manifest their rule, presence, and blessing among humans. Matthew's Gospel contests these claims by asserting God's sovereignty over the world and human existence. Jesus is God's agent, manifesting God's rule and presence among humans, and securing a quite different form of societal well being.
A Simple Closed-Form Solution of Bending Stiffness for Laminated Composite Tubes
Authors: Chan Wen S. , Demirhan Kazim C.
Published: July 2017

Accurate evaluation of bending stiffness is important for better prediction of deflection, buckling load, and vibration response of structures. This paper presents two new approaches based upon laminated plate and shell theories for calculating the bending stiffness of circular tube made of fiber reinforced composites. Both new approaches account for the ply orientation due to radius curvature. The conventional approach using the laminate smear property is also included for purpose of comparison. Finite element analysis was conducted and the results were used for comparison.
Development of a Semi-Empinical Method for Obtaining the Dynamic Young's Modulus in Random Continuous Reinforced Glass/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Okoli O. I. , Smith G. F.
Published: July 2017

Due to the inherent inertial effects associated with high speed testing, it may be beneficial if material properties at high strain rates could be obtained from the use of micro-mechanics. However, it has been demonstrated that using the rule of mixtures to predict material properties at high strain rates results in errors since the rate sensitivity of the Young's modulus and tensile strength cannot be explained solely in terms of the rate dependence of the resin modulus and strength (respectively) measure in isolation.

A number of equations for predicting the in-plane material properties of random continuous reinforced polymer composites have been suggested in the available literature using empirically evaluated correction factors. The use of such factors in the determination of dynamic properties have, however, led to significant errors. It is therefore imperative that a method of obtaining high speed material properties of composite laminates must be sought since micro-mechanics equations have not been found suitable. This was set as the primary aim of this research work in obtaining accurate material data. In addition, the understanding of the mechanisms governing failure under high speed loadings remain largely unknown. This prompted the need to characterise the effect of loading rate on failure modes.

Tensile tests were conducted on random continuous glass/epoxy composites at increasing rates of strain. The effect of loading rate on failure mechanisms was investigated by viewing fractured surfaces of the tensile specimens using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This work postulated a semi-empirical relationship for the tensile modulus using micro-mechanics and data from tests conducted. The validity of this relationship however, needs to be investigated further in future work.
Manufacturing Process Optimization of Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composites in Injection Molding
Authors: Chang Shih-Hsing , Hwang Jiun-Ren , Doong Ji-Liang
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a fast and effective methodology for optimization injection molding process parameters of short glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites. Various injection molding parameters such as filling time, melt temperature, mold temperature and ram speed were considered. The methodology combines the use of Taguchi approach and a CAE flow simulation software which was used to simulate the injection molding process and to predict the fiber orientation. This method can replace the traditional "change-one-parameter-at-a-time" approach which is very inefficient, costly, time consuming and almost impracticable to yield an optimum solution. In the mean time, the microstructures were examined with a scanning electron microscopy to determine the fiber orientation and shear layer thickness to check the results of CAE simulation. The results indicated that three distinct layers (frozen layer, shear layer and core layer) are observed from surface to core at various injection molding conditions. The fiber orientation is perpendicular to the melt flow direction in frozen layer and core layer, but it has the opposite direction in shear layer. From the CAE analysis, we have gotten the optimum process parameters to obtain the thickest shear layer that was our target.
Effect of Fibre Orientation on Mode-I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass Epoxy Composites
Authors: Shetty M. R. , Vijay Kumar K. R. , Sudhir S. , Raghu P. , Madhuranath A. D. , Rao R. M. V. G. K.
Published: July 2017

The mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) property of room temperature (RT) cured glass-epoxy (LY556/HY95 1) composites was studied using a double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimen with unidirectional fibre orientations of 0°, +450/-450, +600/-600 and 900 in the neighborhood of the crack zone. Three IFT data reduction techniques, viz.: (1) Modified Beam Theory (MBT), (2) Compliance Calibration Theory (CC) and (3) Modified Compliance Calibration Theory (MCC) were verified for the DCB data generated for 0° fibre oriented specimens. The fracture toughness property estimates were noted to be approximately the same for all three techniques. Only the MBT reduction procedure (as per ASTM) was used for other orientations. It was observed that the IFT increased as the fibre orientation was changed from 0° to 900 with reference to the direction of crack propagation.
On the Effect of E-Glass Fiber on the Cure Behavior of Vinylester Composites
Authors: Karbhari V. M. , Lee R.
Published: July 2017

The effects of fiber loading level and cure temperature on the cure kinetics of an E-glass/vinylester composite are investigated using DSC techniques. It is shown that for the specific system under consideration the presence of the fibers significantly inhibits final cure levels with activation energy levels decreasing with increasing fiber loading. Autocatalytic rate parameters, k and m, are also shown to increase with fiber loading level. The loading level of the E-glass reinforcement is shown in specific instances to have a more significant effect than a change in cure temperature emphasizing the importance of characterizing cure based on actual resin-fiber-sizing systems rather than simply on the basis of neat resin cure kinetics. Results are viewed in terms of the specifics of the polymerization process and the implications on the use of processes such as resin infusion with vinylesters for the fabrication of large structural components are discussed.