bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on Organic Fluorescent Probes for Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
Authors: Xu Ruohan , Xu Yanzi , Wang Zhi , Zhou Yu , Dang Dongfeng , Meng Lingjie
Published: September 2020

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has become a useful tool for
visualization and dynamic monitoring at an ultra-high resolution in biological research and
material science. For STED technology, fluorescent probes are irreplaceable in the imaging
process. Among these probes, organic fluorescent probes have superior photo-stability, high
brightness, large Stokes’ shifts and excellent biocompatibility, thus are widely applied in STED
microscopy. Based on this consideration, this review presents the recent advances on organic
fluorescent probes for STED microscopy, including typical organic fluorescent probes,
aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), polymer dots, and other nanoparticles. The
applications of organic fluorescent probes in biological imaging, such as in live-cell, live-tissue,
and in vivo imaging, as well as in material monitoring at the nanoscale using STED microscopy,
are also included. This review provides the guidelines for the design of new materials that can be
used to enhance the imaging performance of STED microscopy, thus leading to real-world
applications.
Applications of the Dess-Martin Oxidation in Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Momeni Tayebe , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Mohammadi Leila
Published: September 2020

Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP), a commercially available chemical, is frequently utilized as a mild
oxidative agent for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes
and ketones, respectively. DMP shows several merits over other common oxidative agents such as chromiumand
DMSO-based oxidants; thus, it is habitually employed in the total synthesis of natural products. In this review,
we try to underscore the applications of DMP as an effective oxidant in an appropriate step (steps) in the
multi-step total synthesis of natural products.
Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Elnahry Gehad A.
Published: September 2020

Background:

In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems are struggling to
prioritize care for affected patients, however, physicians globally are also attempting to maintain care for other lessthreatening medical conditions that may lead to permanent disabilities if untreated. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
(IIH) is a relatively common condition affecting young females that could lead to permanent blindness if not properly
treated. In this article, we provide some insight and recommendations regarding the management of IIH during the
pandemic.

Methods:

The diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment methods of IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic period are reviewed.
COVID-19 as a mimic of IIH is also discussed.

Results:

Diagnosis and follow-up of papilledema due to IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic can be facilitated by
nonmydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. COVID-19 may mimic IIH by presenting as
cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, papillophlebitis, or meningoencephalitis, so a high index of suspicious is required in
these cases. When surgical treatment is indicated, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be the primary procedure of choice
during the pandemic period.

Conclusion:

IIH is a serious vision threatening condition that could lead to permanent blindness and disability at a
relatively young age if left untreated. It could be the first presentation of a COVID-19 infection. Certain precautions
during the diagnosis and management of this condition could be taken that may allow appropriate care to be delivered to
these patients while minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection.
Exploration versus Exploitation: Leadership and the Paradox of Administration
Authors: Burpitt William
Published: September 2020

Focused on small firms, this paper explores the effectiveness of transformational versus transactional leadership in responding to disruptive environmental change and the need for the firm to balance the exploitation of its existing domain against the need to explore new ventures and modes of operation. The study finds that firms under transformational leadership were more effective in the development of new products, markets, manufacturing and management systems, and new skills and capabilities and earned greater revenues in the process. The study finds the best overall financial performance among the small number of firms whose owners combine both types of leadership.
Institution-Specific Machine Learning Models for Prehospital Assessment to Predict Hospital Admission: Prediction Model Development Study
Authors: Shirakawa Toru , Sonoo Tomohiro , Ogura Kentaro , Fujimori Ryo , Hara Konan , Goto Tadahiro , Hashimoto Hideki , Takahashi Yuji , Naraba Hiromu , Nakamura Kensuke
Published: September 2020

Background

Although multiple prediction models have been developed to predict hospital admission to emergency departments (EDs) to address overcrowding and patient safety, only a few studies have examined prediction models for prehospital use. Development of institution-specific prediction models is feasible in this age of data science, provided that predictor-related information is readily collectable.

Objective

We aimed to develop a hospital admission prediction model based on patient information that is commonly available during ambulance transport before hospitalization.

Methods

Patients transported by ambulance to our ED from April 2018 through March 2019 were enrolled. Candidate predictors were age, sex, chief complaint, vital signs, and patient medical history, all of which were recorded by emergency medical teams during ambulance transport. Patients were divided into two cohorts for derivation (3601/5145, 70.0%) and validation (1544/5145, 30.0%). For statistical models, logistic regression, logistic lasso, random forest, and gradient boosting machine were used. Prediction models were developed in the derivation cohort. Model performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and association measures in the validation cohort.

Results

Of 5145 patients transported by ambulance, including deaths in the ED and hospital transfers, 2699 (52.5%) required hospital admission. Prediction performance was higher with the addition of predictive factors, attaining the best performance with an AUROC of 0.818 (95% CI 0.792-0.839) with a machine learning model and predictive factors of age, sex, chief complaint, and vital signs. Sensitivity and specificity of this model were 0.744 (95% CI 0.716-0.773) and 0.745 (95% CI 0.709-0.776), respectively.

Conclusions

For patients transferred to EDs, we developed a well-performing hospital admission prediction model based on routinely collected prehospital information including chief complaints.
Adoption of Blockchain in Health Care (Preprint)
Authors: Gaynor Mark , Tuttle-Newhall Janet , Parker Jessica , Patel Arti , Tang Clare
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This study aims to review current issues regarding the application of blockchain technology in health care. We illustrated the various ways in which blockchain can solve current health care issues in three main arenas: data exchange, contracts, and supply chain management. This paper presents several current and projected uses of blockchain technology in the health care industry. We predicted which of these applications are likely to be adopted quickly and provided a supply chain example of tracking the transportation of organs for transplantation.
Potential Early Identification of a Large Campylobacter Outbreak Using Alternative Surveillance Data Sources: Autoregressive Modelling and Spatiotemporal Clustering (Preprint)
Authors: Adnan Mehnaz , Gao Xiaoying , Bai Xiaohan , Newbern Elizabeth , Sherwood Jill , Jones Nicholas , Baker Michael , Wood Tim , Gao Wei
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Over one-third of the population of Havelock North, New Zealand, approximately 5500 people, were estimated to have been affected by campylobacteriosis in a large waterborne outbreak. Cases reported through the notifiable disease surveillance system (notified case reports) are inevitably delayed by several days, resulting in slowed outbreak recognition and delayed control measures. Early outbreak detection and magnitude prediction are critical to outbreak control. It is therefore important to consider alternative surveillance data sources and evaluate their potential for recognizing outbreaks at the earliest possible time.

OBJECTIVE

The first objective of this study is to compare and validate the selection of alternative data sources (general practice consultations, consumer helpline, Google Trends, Twitter microblogs, and school absenteeism) for their temporal predictive strength for Campylobacter cases during the Havelock North outbreak. The second objective is to examine spatiotemporal clustering of data from alternative sources to assess the size and geographic extent of the outbreak and to support efforts to attribute its source.

METHODS

We combined measures derived from alternative data sources during the 2016 Havelock North campylobacteriosis outbreak with notified case report counts to predict suspected daily Campylobacter case counts up to 5 days before cases reported in the disease surveillance system. Spatiotemporal clustering of the data was analyzed using Local Moran’s I statistics to investigate the extent of the outbreak in both space and time within the affected area.

RESULTS

Models that combined consumer helpline data with autoregressive notified case counts had the best out-of-sample predictive accuracy for 1 and 2 days ahead of notified case reports. Models using Google Trends and Twitter typically performed the best 3 and 4 days before case notifications. Spatiotemporal clusters showed spikes in school absenteeism and consumer helpline inquiries that preceded the notified cases in the city primarily affected by the outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS

Alternative data sources can provide earlier indications of a large gastroenteritis outbreak compared with conventional case notifications. Spatiotemporal analysis can assist in refining the geographical focus of an outbreak and can potentially support public health source attribution efforts. Further work is required to assess the location of such surveillance data sources and methods in routine public health practice.
Comparison of a Mobile Health Electronic Visual Analog Scale App With a Traditional Paper Visual Analog Scale for Pain Evaluation: Cross-Sectional Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Turnbull Alexandra , Sculley Dean , Escalona-Marfil Carles , Riu-Gispert Lluís , Ruiz-Moreno Jorge , Gironès Xavier , Coda Andrea
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Accurate quantification of pain in a clinical setting is vital. The use of an electronic pain scale enables data to be collected, analyzed, and utilized much faster compared with traditional paper-based scales. The advancement of smart technology in pediatric and adult pain evaluation may offer opportunities to introduce easy-to-use and reliable pain assessment methods within different clinical settings. If promptly introduced within different pediatric and adult pain clinic services, validated and easily accessible mobile health pain apps may lead to early pain detection, promoting improvement in patient’s quality of life and leading to potentially less time off from school or work.

OBJECTIVE

This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the interchangeability of an electronic visual analog scale (eVAS) app with a traditional paper visual analog scale (pVAS) among Australian children, adolescents, and adults for pain evaluation.

METHODS

Healthy participants (age range 10-75 years) were recruited from a sporting club and a secondary school in Melbourne (Australia). The data collection process involved application of pressure (8.5 kg/cm2) from a Wagner Force Dial FDK 20 to the midpoint of the thumb. The pressure was applied twice with a 5-minute interval. At each pressure application, participants were asked to randomly record their pain perception using the “eVAS” accessible via the “Interactive Clinics” app and the traditional pVAS. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine intermethod and intramethod reliabilities.

RESULTS

Overall, 109 healthy participants were recruited. Adults (mean age 42.43 years, SD 14.50 years) had excellent reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.96). Children and adolescents (mean age 13.91 years, SD 2.89 years) had moderate-to-good intermethod and intramethod reliabilities, with an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.87) and average ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.87), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The eVAS app appears to be interchangeable compared with the traditional pVAS among children, adolescents, and adults. This pain evaluation method may offer new opportunities to introduce user-friendly and validated pain assessment apps for patients, clinicians, and allied health professionals.
Original and refitted HOSPITAL scores as predictors of 30-day potentially avoidable hospital readmissions: retrospective cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Silva Nayara Cristina Da , Albertini Marcelo Keese , Backes André Ricardo , Pena Geórgia Das Graças
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Hospital readmissions are associated with several negative health outcomes and higher hospital costs. The HOSPITAL score is one of the tools developed to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission, but its predictive capacity in more heterogeneous populations involving different diagnoses and clinical contexts is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to propose a refitted HOSPITAL score to predict the risk of potentially avoidable readmission in 30 days and compare the predictive capacity of the original and refitted HOSPITAL score.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study was carried out in a tertiary university hospital with patients over the age of 18 years. We developed a refitted HOSPITAL score with the same definitions and predictive variables included in the original HOSPITAL score and compared the predictive capacity of both. The receiver operating characteristic was constructed by comparing the performance risk forecasting tools measuring the area under the curve (AUC).

RESULTS

Of the 47,464 patients 50.9% were over 60 years and 58.4% were male. The frequency of 30-day potentially avoidable readmission is 7.70% (3638). The accuracy of HOSPITAL score in readmission was AUC: 0.733 (CI 95%: 0.718, 0.748) and the accuracy of HOSPITAL score refitted was AUC: 0.7401 (CI 95%: 0.7256, 0.7547). The frequency of 60, 90, 180, and 365-days readmissions ranged from 10.60% (5,033) to 18.30% (8693). Discussion: Readmission prediction tools have been developed in recent years, but its predictive capacity in more population with different diagnoses is poorly understood.

CONCLUSIONS

The refitted HOSPITAL score have similar discrimination to predict 30-day potentially avoidable readmission, in patients with different diagnoses. In this sense, our study expands and reinforces the usefulness of the HOSPITAL score as a tool that can be used as part of intervention strategies to reduce the rate of hospital readmission.
Adaptive Susceptible-Infectious-Removed Model for Continuous Estimation of the COVID-19 Infection Rate and Reproduction Number in the United States: Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shapiro Mark B , Karim Fazle , Muscioni Guido , Augustine Abel Saju
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic vary owing to local population density and policy measures. During decision-making, policymakers consider an estimate of the effective reproduction number Rt, which is the expected number of secondary infections spread by a single infected individual.

OBJECTIVE

We propose a simple method for estimating the time-varying infection rate and the Rt.

METHODS

We used a sliding window approach with a Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model. We estimated the infection rate from the reported cases over a 7-day window to obtain a continuous estimation of Rt. A proposed adaptive SIR (aSIR) model was applied to analyze the data at the state and county levels.

RESULTS

The aSIR model showed an excellent fit for the number of reported COVID-19 cases, and the 1-day forecast mean absolute prediction error was <2.6% across all states. However, the 7-day forecast mean absolute prediction error approached 16.2% and strongly overestimated the number of cases when the Rt was rapidly decreasing. The maximal Rt displayed a wide range of 2.0 to 4.5 across all states, with the highest values for New York (4.4) and Michigan (4.5). We found that the aSIR model can rapidly adapt to an increase in the number of tests and an associated increase in the reported cases of infection. Our results also suggest that intensive testing may be an effective method of reducing Rt.

CONCLUSIONS

The aSIR model provides a simple and accurate computational tool for continuous Rt estimation and evaluation of the efficacy of mitigation measures.
Farmers’ Willingness to Continue Corporate Farming Programs in Jetis Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Perdana Putri , Jamhari Jamhari , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

Corporate Farming (CF) program is one of the innovations in the field of agricultural institution in realizing more effective and efficient farming through consolidation of paddy field. This program was carried out in Trimulyo Village, Jetis Sub-district, Bantul Regency with Barokah Farmers Group as a pilot project. This study aimed to (1) determine farmers’ willingness to continue the CF program and (2) determine the factors that affect farmers’ willingness to continue the CF program. The study was conducted by surveying 52 smallholder farmers, members of Barokah Farmers Group who joined the CF program. The data were analyzed by using proportion test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model. The results showed that the farmers' willingness to continue the CF program was 66.54%. Attitudes towards private property rights, interaction among the members of farmer group, family member support, age and education were the factors that affect farmers' willingness to continue the CF programs. Farmers’ willingness to continue the CF program was categorized as high. Socialization and a more intense mentoring on the objectives of the CF program can increase farmers' willingness to continue the program.
THE ROLE OF MULTI-MEDIA APPROACH INI NARROWING THE KAP-GAPS AMONG THE FARMERS OF THE STRATEGIC EXTENSION CAMPAIGN IN MUDA IRRIGATION SCHEME
Authors: Herianto Ageng Setawan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the multi-media approach in the brown plant hopper (BPH) control management Strategic Extension Campaign (SEC) has narrowed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP)-gaps among the farmers with low and high socio-economic status (SES) in the MADA area, Malaysia. The research was designed as the before and after campaign study.The KAP-survey results as the secondary data of the study, was the benchmark data of the before campaign study. Data of the after campaign study were gathered by means of personal interview with 189 farmers using the structured questionnaire.Findings reveal that KAP-level of both farmers with low and high-SES farmers on the technology of BPH control management had increased after the multi-media campaign. However, the multi-media approach of SEC had narrowed the KAP-gaps of these farmers. Therefore, the study found that the multi-media approach of the SEC is the appropriate approach in narrowing the KAP-gaps among the farmers.
THE MAJOR FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF TAIAN FROM A PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY TO ONE OF THE NWLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES(NICS) IN ASIA
Authors: Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

The major factors which contributed to the transformation of Taiwan from a primitive agricultural society to one od the newly industrializing countries (NICS) in Asia.
PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI MELALUI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK YANG INTENSIF DAN BERKESINAMBUNGAN
Authors: Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: September 2020

Pengembangan agroindustri melalui penelitian dna pengembangan produk yang intensif dan berkesinambungan.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI BERAS PADATINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: R Cristovao , Hartono Slamet , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine thefactors influencing rice consumption in urban and rural areas of Yogyakarta Special Province and (2) to determine the own price, cross price and income elasticity of rice consumption at different income levels in rural and urban areas. National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data of 2005 Yogyakarta Special Province on rice consumption was used Totalrespondents 1990 households. Regression model used in the analysis was OLS. The result showed that thefactors that influence the consumption of rice are the price of the rice itself, price of the related household goods, income level, education of the mother, number offamily members, and location. Thefactors that individually influence rice consumption vary by kinds of rice, location, and income level. Therefore, the demand of rice in DIY is inelastic, the change of price did not significantly influence rice demand. Generally, rice is normal good at low income household level in the rural and urban areas andfor middle income in the rural, and in middle income and high income in the urban, rice is a inferior good. In other side, rice is Substituted for cassava and sweet potato. Rice is complementary for catfish, fermented soybean cake, cassava, egg, and tofu.Keywords: rice consumption, elasticity, substitution, complementary.
PENGARUH DAYADUKUNG LAHAN DAN FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PERILAKU PETANI DALAM KONSERVASI LAHAN SAWAH DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Kurniasih Dian , Witjaksono Roso , Jamhari Jamhari
Published: September 2020

The research aimed to determine: (1)farmer s behavior on wet land conservations in Kulon Progo Regency (2) Tht:impact of land carrying capacity and socio economicfactors tofarmer s behavior on wet land conservations, and (3) The impact offarmer s behavior on wet land conservations to their agribusiness income.The method used in this study was descriptive analysis. The research was done in Kulon Progo Regency, especially in Nanggulan and Kokap Sub District. The locations chose bypurposive sampling method to represent area that have high level of land carrying capacity and low level of land carrying capacity. The respondents chose by multistage random sampling method. Farmers behavior on wet land conservations measured with Proportion Test by Dajan. Therefore, the impact of land carrying capacity and socio economicfactors to farmer s behavior on wet land conservations, and the impact of farmer s behavior on wet land conservations to the farmer s agribusiness income measured with multiple linear regression analysis.The results indicated that more than 50%farmers in Kulon Progo regency have a high level of conservations behavior, especially in vegetative methods. Mechanics methods were in middle level. The level of land carrying capacity did not influence farmer's behavior on wet land conservations. Farmers in both area have a high level behavior on wet land conservations. Thesocio economicfactors influenced thefarmer s behavior on wet land conservations significantly were age, conservation knowledge, motivation, activity in group, non agribusiness income, availability of organics input and leadership. The high level of farmer s behavior on wet land conservations did not influence their agribusiness income. But the relationship was positive, the more increase offarmer s behavioronwetland conservations, themore farmer s agribusiness income.Key words: Land Carrying Capacity, Socio Economic Factors, WetLand Conservations, Agribusiness Income
DAMP AI( HAMBATAN NON-TARIF TERHADAP PERMINT AAN EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA KE UNI EROPA
Authors: Kuswoyo Toni , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed to determine theforms of the non-tarifbarrier and its impact to the Indonesian shrimp export demand to the European Union (EU), beside the other factors as constructor of demand function. This research used secondary data (lime series) during 23 years (1984-2006): shrimp export volume (Qd), shrimp export price (Px), domestic shrimp price (Pd), crab export price (Pk), exchange rate from the importing countries, and commerce regulations which is peiformed by EU as dummy variables. The data collected from DKP, BPS, Depdag, internet, and other relevant institutions. Peculiarly, the dummy variable grouped into 6 groups: RASFF (DI), contaminant (D2), certain substances & residues (D3), health conditions & food hVf!iene rules (D4), HCCP (D5), and marketinf! standards (D6).This research used the multiple regression analysis model, with the tolerant time (!gg) I year from tfor several dummy variables. Analysis were conducted at 6 markets: UE as a whole, Dutch, United Kingdom (UK), French, Germany, and Belgia and Luxemburg. Testing of the classical assumptions conducted by the econometric criterions is covering the economic and statistic criterions. The estimation of the regression parameters conducted by the smallest square method (ordinarv least SQuare. OLS) and model repaired as the effect of existence of the first order autocorrelation by a comand "auto". The equation model related to the Coob-Douglas model, was transformed into the natural logarithm model in order to easiZv analyzed in package program of statistics.Result of the analysis indicated that the commerce regulations applied by the EU, which its vary to each state, entirely has the negative impact to the Indonesian shrimp export to the UE, except D4 for the UK that shown the positive impact. Several regulations known newly indicated the effect which itsformed into Jgg or its impact is newly felt I year after the regulations enter into force. Thefact strengthen the assumption that applying of commerce regulations by the UE can be the disguised restriction to trade, in this case included to the non tarifbarrier. The sixth groups of the regulationswere very related to the food security and traceability aspect, or in its bearing with the WTO agreements were very related to the SPS and TBT aspect. This invention also strengthen the assumption that non-tarif barrier which newly developed by the advanced countries to control the importation from the other countries were deal with the food security and traceability aspect, or the SPS and TBT aspect. The quantitative non- tarif barrier, example import quota or embargo, were rarer in used. Ap-parently, the EU doesn't wishtoooutspokenin theeffort to control its commerce with the other countries.Realizedor not, in thepresentnon-tarif barrier haveimportantposition to determinewhetheror not thefluent of theinternational trade
DUALISME DI LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN INTI RAKYAT(PIR) LOKAL TEH DI JAWA
Authors: Hamidah Siti , Widodo Sri
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to analyse dualism between plasm farmers and nucleus estate in the Tea Local Nucleus Estate Smallholder Scheme at Java. The study is conducted in West and Center of Java Provinces. Data of 330 household samples are analyzed by Proportion Test.Although most of plasm fanners have the technical cropping and the use of input and labour are lower than nucleus estate, but the gapa on productivity, product quality, income of tea farming, and fanning efficiency are small.There is still dualism in the Tea Local Nucleus Estate Smallholder Scheme at Java, but it tends to decline. This gap become smaller between Smallholder Scheme could make smaller distance between smallholder plantation and estate.
USAHATANI IKAN SKALA RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Suratiyah Ken
Published: September 2020

Fish pond is the important alternative beside food crops, if water and the other natural resources are possible. So food crops farmers can generate their income by chosing fish pond-farm. This paper focusses on four main parts: labour absorption, and productivity, farmer income, profitability and household welfare level.The result of the study showed that, nevertheless most farmers were small farmers, they still regarded their main job were being food crops famers. Fish pond-farm that the farmer income, labour productivity and profitability were higher than food crops, just as part time job. By the fish pond-farm, household farmers welfare level was not be poor again. The facts showed that the role of fish pond-farm was dominant to generate househlod economic.
EFISIENSI EKONOMI USAHATANI KUBIS ( DI KECAMATAN BUMIAJI, KABUPATEN MALANG)
Authors: Kusumawardani Niniek Dyah , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Maksum Moch.
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this study were to know : (1) the factors that affected income: and (2) the economic efficiency of cabbage farm. The study was conducted at Desa Tulungrejo, the main cabbage production area of Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kabupaten Malang. The method of sample selection was random with 88 respondent who planted cabbage on wet season 2000/2001 or dry season 2001. Some factors that affected the real income per hectare were the real price of seed, the real price of anorganic and organic fertilizer, the real price of liquid and non liquid pesticides, and the real wage of hired labor. The cabbage farms per hectares were not economically efficient.
VARIABILITAS KONSUMSI PANGAN PADA MASYARAKAT NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Rosari Bernard B de , Widodo Sri , Masyhuri Masyhuri
Published: September 2020

The analysis intended to identify the various food consumption of the people of East Nusa Tenggara is carried out by using the data from Susenas in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 1996. There are 500 households included in the analysis those are classified according to income level (low, middle, high) and residence (rural, urban).The estimation of the consumption function is using Maximum Likelihood Method (MLE). Results of the analysis reveals that expenditure allocation for foodstuffs is 63% and 37% for non-foodstuffs. High-income people combine rice and corn to meet their carbohydrate needs while low-income people rely on corn. Protein sources including fish and meat are not affordable by the people of East Nusa Tenggara
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET DALAM MEMENUHI BIAYA KEBUTUHAN RUMAHTANGGA DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Jenahar Tirta Jaya
Published: September 2020

The objecting of this study is to analysis the ability of income farmer to handle need of household and how to increasing ability of farmer household income. The data are collected multi stage sampling for district, sub district and village randomly for farmer household and the data collection is on October 2004 till August 2005. The instrument is interview for 360 farmers household 210 non-modern farmers and 150 modern framers as sample at 12 villages are representative of Musi Rawas, Muara Enim and Musi Banyuasin District in South Sumatra.The result indicate that the average income of modern and non-modern farmers able to handle ned of household about 95% and 87%. The ability of income will be increasing through increasing income with used leisure time and intercrop.
KELEMBAGAAN LAHAN DAN TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHATANI TANAMAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Suwarto Suwarto
Published: September 2020

This research aims to find out the effect of land and labour institution on land productivity, cost of production, and farm income.The research was conducted at Candisari, Hargosari Village, Kecamatan Tanjungsari, and at Widoro, Balong Village, Kecamatan Giri Subo, Gunung Kidul. The primary data was taken during Septembe to December 2004.The result of this research found that the household labour, head of household education and age, the use of nitrogen and phosphat fertilizer increases the land productivity. On the contrary , farmer’s asset value and size of farm decrease land productivity. The self-owned land productivity is higher than the rented one belonging to Hamengku Buwono (HB), land productivity of forestation department lan is lower than the rented one belonging to HB.Land productivity, age and education of the household head, and the use of input (nitrogen, phosphate, and organic fertilizer, and seed) increase the production cost of food crop farming. Similarly, the uses of tenaga kerja upahan, royongan, and Rtan or arisan increase the production cost of food crop farming. The farm production cost in Lungguh-Kas Desa-milik Perseorangan (LKP) rented land is greater than the one in HB-rented land.The size of farm, the use of household labour, and education of household head increases the food crop farm income. On the contrary, the use of non household labour decrease the farm income. The food crop farm income of the workr-owner-farmer is higher than the one of farmer renting HB land. The income of farmer renting LKP land is lower than the one of the farmer renting the HB land, and farm income of the farmer easily accesing market is higher than that one who is relatively difficult to acces market.
CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF SELECTED VEGETABLES AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN YOGYAKARTA SEPCIAL PROVINCE
Authors: Bunnavuth Kun , Hartono Slamet , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

Objectives o the study are : (1) to analyze factors that affect the consumption of vegetables at low, intermediate, and high income levels of household in rural and urban areas of Yogyakarta Special Province, (2) to calculate the own proce elasticity with the consumption of each category of intermediate and high income levels.The study applies SUSENAS vegetables consumption data of the year os 2002 at Yogyakarta Special Province. The preferred vegetables consumed by people are spinach, string bean, carrot, cassava leaf anda egg plat. The total number of respondents is 1226 households at urban area. The censored regression analysis or tobit analysis the differention ofd low, intermediate and hiogh income households.The result of the study indicates that spinach, string bean, carrot, cassva leaf, and egg plant are the vegetables for most households in Yogyakarta Province with an inelastic demands. Furthermore, their consumption are affected by education level and the scale of families. The consumption of each type f vegetables in three levels of income both in rural and urban areas had less-affected by the changein proce of other vegetables (substitude vegetable). The result also shows that income of each households in the rural and urban had influenced the consumption of spinach, sring bean, carrot, cassava leaf, and egg plant.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Meliyanah Meliyanah , Hardyastuti Suhatmini , Djuwari Djuwari
Published: September 2020

This research diamed to: 1) knowing the selft-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and income elasticity of consumption per food item on household level according to location and income level; and 2) knowing the reation between level of income and food consumption on household level according to location and income level.This research used data from SUSENAS of Lmapung Province in 2002 with number of sample of 2091 household, which being differed between rural and urban areas based on low, middle, and high level of income. The data analysis used tobit model and sensored regression.The result showed that: 1) the demand of rice and beeh for household consumption in every level of income in rural and urban areas were inelastic; 2) Coen only been consumed by low income level household in rural areas and the demand was inelastic; 3) the demand of cassava for household consumption on low income level in urban area was elastic, While in middle income level, high income level and every level of income in rural area, cassava demand was inelastic. Cassava was considered as inferior goods; 4) The demand of fish for household consumption an every level of income in rural and urban areas was elastic. Household in rural area on every level of income and in urban areas on middle and high income level consider fish as a main necessity. While on low income level  household in urban areas, it was considered as classy/exclusive good; 5) the demand of chicken; for household in rural areas on middle and high income level was inelastic. When in rural low income level and urban middle and high income level, was inelastic chicken meat was considend as classy/exclusive good the rural low income level household; 6) egg demand for household consumption in rural areas on every level of income was inelastic, while in urban area it was elastic for every level income; 7) the rural and urban household on every level of income considered rice as the stpale food; 8) Household in rural and urban areas on middle and high level of income considered beef as main necessity; 9) On household with middle income level in rural areas, egg was considere as inferior good; while an low income level in urban areas, egg was considere as expensive good.
FARMERS HOUSEHOLD’S FOOD SECURITY IN THE DISTRICT OF PONJONG, GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCY
Authors: Rahmi Radita Dwi , Suratiyah Ken , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo
Published: September 2020

The aims of this research are (1) to find out farmers household’s food expenditure (2) to analyze the food security level of farmers household (3) to know they factors that influence the food security of farmers household. The basic method of this research is descriptive analysis. The respondents were determined purposively, there were 30 respomdents who came from farmer family having rice farming, corn farming, soybean farming, cassava farming, and peanuts farming in Ponjong Sub District. Analysis of the data was conducted by determining the level of food security viewed from the share of food expenditure, the method of Johnson and Toole, the indicators of food security index ad the food insecurity. Whereas, Ordinat Least Sugar method was carried out to determine the factors that influence farmers household’s food. The result show that (1) the average of farmers household’s food expenditure are about Rp 13.090.728, with the average share of food expenditure by 65,20% (2) the level of farmers households food security is observed by the food security index indicator are classified as food secure, and do not have experience in food insecurity. While it is according ro Johnson and Toole’s method the farmers households’ are classified as food insecure (3) income households can increase food security, while the family size, cooking oil price, and tempe price are likely to reduce the level of farmers household’s food security the Ponjong district.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PEMASARAN GULA TERHADAP PENAWARAN DAN HARGA DOMESTIK GULA INDONESIA
Authors: Widhaningsih Isti
Published: September 2020

Marketing of sugar cane in three periods 1971-2005 ( Bulog, free trade and import controls ) has received government intervention especially on supply and domestic prices. The purpose of this research is to find out influencing factors on supply, production, imports and domestic price of sugar cane and its trend in the future. Descriptive analysis is used as well as autoregressive model (ARI) and trend analysis. The result showed that the area’s sugar cane crop has high contribution to the production and supply of sugar cane in Indonesia. Sugar imports are influenced by the marketing policy of tree trade and import control period, the gap between consumption and production. Domestic production and exchange rates influenced domestic of sugar in the period of Bulog and import controls. Sugar marketing policy did not influence the effectiveness of production and supply of cane sugar in Indonesia. Import control period had a positive effect for domestic prices, yet have not managed the amount of sugar imports. In addition to price and tariff policy to protect the cane sugar producers in the country, it can be realized by on farm increasing intensification and extension as well as further optimization of the sugar factory.
ANALISIS DINAMIKA EKSPOR MINYAK NILAM INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Sari Pinjung Nawang , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

This study to analyze the Indonesin patchouli oil export to the world main market (USA), beteen 1989-2009 oeriod by analyzing : (1) the export oerformance, (2) the export competitiveness, and (3) the factors influenced to Indonesian patchouly oil export demand to USA. The export performance was measured  by trend of export, Trae Specialization Index (ISP), and Market Penetration Index  (IPP); while the export competitives was measured by Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Acceleration Ration (AR) Index. This study shows that : (1) the export performance have worked well : (a) trend export was positive, (b) ISP was positive (maturity level), (c) average of IPP was the biggest (2) the export competitiveness was strong; (a) average of RCA was the biggest, (b) AR value approached to +1, the export acceleration worked well;  (3) the significant factors influenced were world and France patchouli oil export, international price, and distillation point price. In order to maintained the export performance and decrease the competitiveness, should be done as following ; (1) to maintained the continuity of prioduct by making a commodity area consentration, (2) to strove the cooperation and support between government and industrialist, (3) government anda industrialist actively giving consulting to farmers for anticipating the world market needs and conditions, (4) improving the product quality; (5)mto give extra attention at buyer needs and stocks.
DAMPAK SISTEM KEAGENAN BULOG TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI DAN HARGA GULA KRISTAL PUTIH (GKP)
Authors: Waluyati Lestari Rahayu , Jamhari Jamhari
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the impact of Bulog agency’s system to distribution and prices of GKP (2008 and 2009); uses secondary data and interviews of Bulog marketing (agent), PTPN-PT RNI (manufacturer and distributors). Area samples are taken by purposive (Jakarta, Central Java, East Java and Lampung); analysis using tables and graphical analysis. The results showed that the system is in the marketing agency Bulog GKP cause marketing chain shorter because Bulog can distribute directly to distributors medium (D2) and small (D3) and also increased the number of D2 and D3. This agency  beneficial for producers (PTPN/PT-RNI)which increase the selling price GKP greater than the increase in the retail price, so that marketing margins down. The market becomes more efficient, so the society surplus received greater. In the wider economy, the system can improve welfare agency indicated by the increase in producer surplus is greater than the decrease in consumer surplus.
ANALISIS PERDAGANGAN JAGUNG INDONESIA
Authors: Ma'ruf Muhammad Imam
Published: September 2020

Corn has a strategic role and economic value in Indonesia, and has to be developed due to its position as the main source of carbohydrate and protein, raw material for food, feed, and biofuel industry. Aimed this research to determine the position of Indonesian com competitiveness in the international market in know the comparative advantage of Indonesian corn;factors that influence Indonesian com demand, and the integration between Indonesian corn market and the world com market. This research applys descriptive method The data used are time series data sourced from FAO, National Statistic Agency (BPS), and World Bank. Competitiveness is measured by the parameters of Revealed Comparative Advantage, Trade Specialist Ratio, Acceleration Ratio, and Market Penetration Index. The RCA, TSR, and AR analysis used data year 1988-2008, the MPI analysis used data year 1995-2008. Indonesian import corn demand is analyzed by OLS (ordinary least squares) multiple regression in the form of natural logarithm using data year 1980-2008, while market integration is analyzed by the unit root test, co-integration test, and Granger causality test using data year 1961-2008. The results shows that 1) the Indonesian corn competitiveness is low caused by the low production of Indonesian com; 2) Indonesian import corn demand is positively affected by the price of imported com and GDP of Indonesia, and negatively affected by the price of imported soybean and imported rice. Imported soybeans are complements of cornfor feed, while imported rice is the substitute of com for feed,' 3) There is no integration between the Chinese market and the Indonesian market because China is a country which re-export corn, there is integration between the United States market and the Indonesian market, as well as between Argentina's market and Indonesian market, but there is no causal relationship. The United States and Argentina market is not a dominant (leading) market in pricing of Indonesian Corn.market.
KEBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI MANGGA MALAM DI DESA WATUGAJAH KECAMATAN GEDANGSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Rahmawati Miftah , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Hartono Slamet
Published: September 2020

The aims of this research were: (1) to describe the society motivation in developing the Malam Mangoes farm; (2) to describe kinds of Malam Mangoes farm development; (3) to identify the community powerfulness in developing the Malam Mangoesfarm during three years (2004-2006); and (4) to identify the correlation between outsiders and insiders contribution in developing the Malam Mangoesfarm. The research took 60 samples, which all of them were mango farmer in Watugajah village. The statistic method usedfor analyzing was Bivariate correlation. Thefinding indicated that: (1) motivation among society in developing the Malam Mangoes farm in Watugajah was an existence motivation; (2) the development of Malam Mangoes farm was done by government and society; (3) community powerfulness was highly performed in all activities, i.e. production,marketing, social system and ecological activities, by more than 50%peopleduring three years (2004-2006) in Watugajah with. score obtained was71.44%; (4) government and extension ··worker contribution have asignificant influence in empowerment process. In empowerment processwhen the government and extension worker contribution was high, a societycontribution would low. This situation happened because the communitybecame more dependence.
ANALISIS POTENSI EKONOMI DENGAN PENENTUAN SEKTOR BASIS ANTAR KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Suryantini Any , Irham Irham
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this research are: (1) analyzing and classifying economic sectors into basic and non basic sector among districts in Central Sulawesi Province; (2) understanding characteristics of economic growth among its districts; (3) understanding the role of national and regional share among its districts. The analyses used are Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Klassen typology, and mix and share analysis. LQ analysis result show that basic sector in Central Sulawesi are agricultural sector, electricity and water supply sector, construction sector, communication and transportation sector, and services sector. LQ analysis, at sub-district level generating agricultural sector is the basic sector for Banggai Kepulauan, Banggai, Morowali, Poso, Donggala, Tolitoli, Buol, and Parimo districts. Services sector is the basic sector for Palu, Donggala, and Tojo Una Una districts. The DLQ analysis indicating that agriculturalsector still expected as basic sector .in the future for some districts in Central Sulawesi Province. The Klassen typolgy analysis show that Morowali district is categorized as developed and fast growing region; Banggai Kepulauan, Banggai, Tolitoli, and Buol districts are categorized as growing regions; Parimo and Palu districts are categorized as growing but under-pressured; while Poso, Donggala, and Tojo Una Una districts are categorized as less developed The mix and share analysis shows that the regional share of 10 districts are more prominent determinant factor than national share.