bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of body-worn cameras on the incidence of occupational violence towards paramedics: a systematic review
Authors: Bruton Liam , Johnson Hunter , MacKey Luke , Farok Aaron , Thyer Liz , Simpson Paul M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Recent evidence indicates an increasing incidence of occupational violence (OV) towards paramedics. Body-worn cameras (BWC) have been posited as an intervention that may deter perpetrators, leading to a growing number of ambulance services introducing BWCs at a considerable financial cost. This study aims to investigate the impact of BWC on the incidence of OV towards paramedics.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review was conducted according to the JBI methodology. EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, Cochrane reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, JBI systematic reviews, TROVE and Google Scholar were searched to identify primary research studies reporting on BWCs as an intervention against an outcome of OV incidence. Primary research papers, publicly-accessible government reports, peer-reviewed and grey literature, if published in English, were eligible.

Findings

The search identified 152 documents, of which 125 were assessed following the removal of duplicates. Following abstract screening then full-text review, there were no studies available to include in the review.

Research limitations/implications

The introduction of interventions should be supported by evidence and an analysis of associated health economics. There is a need for ambulance services that have implemented BWC initiatives to make evaluation data available publicly for transparent review to inform decision-making elsewhere in the profession.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these findings represent the first investigation of BWCs as a strategy to reduce the incidence of OV towards paramedics. They highlight the need to apply research frameworks rigorously and transparently to OV reduction initiatives to ensure paramedics are protected by evidence-based strategies.
Social capital impact on mass customization capability and innovation capabilities: the mediating role of absorptive capacity
Authors: Migdadi Mahmoud M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the influence of social capital (SC) on mass customization capability (MCC) and innovation capabilities (ICs) (products, processes, services and organizational) through absorptive capacity (ACAP) (acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 201 managers of 67 Jordanian manufacture organizations. Statistical techniques used included confirmatory factor analysis to examine validity of the measurement model, and structural equation modeling using partial least squares to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of the analysis show that ACAP mediates the relationships between SC and MCC and between SC and ICs. Furthermore, the results show that SC has a positive, significant influence on ACAP and ACAP has a positive, significant impact on both MCC and ICs.

Research limitations/implications

Insights from this study can help manufacture managers to better understand the relationships among SC, ACAP, MCC and ICs in the context of Jordan’s economic development, as well as providing some useful guidance for the manufacturing sector’s customization and innovation activities.

Originality/value

This study develops and empirically tests a conceptual framework that relates ACAP, the development of MCC and ICs with the presence of SC as an antecedent of ACAP; hence, to the best of the author’s knowledge, it is the first study to test the mediating role of ACAP between SC and MCC and between SC and ICs.
Bias versus error: why projects fall short
Authors: Ika Lavagnon , Pinto Jeffrey K. , Love Peter E.D. , Pache Gilles
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Worldwide, major projects often make the headlines as they suffer from a fourfold whammy of delays, cost blowouts, benefit shortfalls and stakeholder disappointments. It seems that error and bias can explain their underperformance. Which overarching explanation outweighs the other? It is the question this paper aims to address.

Design/methodology/approach

Insights are garnered from decades of research on thousands of major projects in developed and developing countries worldwide. In particular, two high-profile project cases, the Veteran Affairs Hospital in Aurora, Colorado (USA) and the Philharmonie de Paris (France), are explored.

Findings

The case projects show that error and bias combine to best explain project (under) performance. Applying best practices or debiasing project cost and benefit estimates is insufficient to prevent cost blowouts and benefit shortfalls. The confrontation of the two overarching explanations is not merely platonic. It is real and may lead to a media and legal battle.

Originality/value

This viewpoint calls practitioners to transcend the error versus bias debate and reconcile two key characters in the world of major projects: the “overoptimistic” who hold a bias for hope and firmly believe that, despite error down the road, many projects would, in the end, “stumble into success” as creativity may come to the rescue; and the “overpessimistic” who hold a bias for despair and think many projects should not have been started.
Facilities management: towards flexible work arrangement (FWA) implementation during Covid-19
Authors: Chua Shirley Jin Lin , Myeda Nik Elyna , Teo Yuan Xi
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the key components to facilitate flexible work arrangement (FWA) and the issues and challenges arisen in preparing the workplace for FWA during Covid-19, and to recommend better approach of FWA implementation in workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted extensive literature review and case studies approach using interviews and observations to determine the key components to facilitate FWA and the issues and challenges arisen in preparing the workplace for FWA during Covid-19, and to recommend better approach of FWA implementation in workplace. Three offices that owning FWA experience during Covid-19 and featuring flexible workspace concepts, elements and layouts in Klang Valley, Malaysia were chosen as case studies.

Findings

Findings have suggested that there are four components required to form flexible workspace for FWA adoption, such as open plan workspace design, task-oriented space, hot desking policy and IT infrastructure. Interestingly, the interview findings do not support the idea that the flexible furniture can facilitate FWA; instead, they believe that versatile, acoustical and aesthetical furniture may be installed when necessary. Among the issues and challenges faced were rearranging and designing open office plan layout, hot desk relocation and reconfiguration of spaces where people may congregate. Lastly, this research recommends that innovative planning software and tools, smart technology and apps, modern IT technology and infrastructure, and digital apps can be introduced to the workplace to help FM manage and monitor the facilities operations, workplace situations and occupancy rates.

Originality/value

Since the outbreak of Covid-19, FWA such as “Work From Home” and remote working have become the mainstream in the workplace, affecting how the workplace looks and feels as flexible working is fundamentally related to the flexible workspace. From Facilities Management (FM) perspective, FWA is the biggest consequence of Covid-19, but it also presents opportunities and certain challenges to incorporate a new office environment and employees’ needs in terms of FWA into the corporate culture.
When is sustainability an asset? The interaction effects between the green attributes and product category
Authors: Gong Siyu , Wang Li , Peverelli Peter , Suo Danni
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Products that espouse environmental ethical principles have received increasing attention in recent years. However, one key barrier against sustainable consumption is that green attributes could result in consumer’s expectation of decreased product physical performance. This study aims to investigate how green attributes existing in different product categories affect consumer purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 provides initial evidence of the interaction effects between green attributes and product category on consumer purchase intention. Study 2 replicates the findings of Study 1 and further tests a benefits-based mechanism in the relationship between green attributes and consumer purchase intention.

Findings

The findings show that in the utilitarian product category, products with green peripheral attributes result in a higher purchase intention than those with green core attributes, whereas, in the hedonic product category, products with green core attributes result in a higher purchase intention than those with green peripheral attributes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that green attributes, as universal sustainability cues predominantly affect consumers’ perceptions of utilitarian environmental benefits and self-expression benefits, which further enhance their purchase intention towards utilitarian products and hedonic products, respectively.

Originality/value

This study responds to the calls for more empirical studies into discussing the role of green attributes in consumer purchase intention. Furthermore, it uncovers a benefits-based mechanism that explains how green attributes existing in utilitarian product categories and hedonic product categories trigger consumers’ analysis of benefits, leading to positive consumer purchase intention.
Analyst forecasting during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hao Rubin , Xue Jing , Yau Ling Na Belinda , Zhang Chunqiu
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the characteristics of financial analysts’ earnings forecasts after COVID-19 outbroke in the USA. Specifically, the authors examine how financial analysts tradeoff between accuracy and responsiveness under investors’ heightened information demand when there is market-wide uncertainty. In addition, the authors investigate how COVID-19 may affect analysts’ cognitive bias.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a sample of US-listed firms from March 2019 to February 2021, the period surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.

Findings

The empirical analyses reveal that analysts issue timelier, more frequent, but less accurate forecasts after the COVID-19 outbreak, indicating that analysts become more responsive to investors’ intensified demand for information during the pandemic. Yet, the high uncertainty caused by COVID-19 increases forecasting difficulty. There is no systematic difference regarding the forecast accuracy between high- and low-ability analysts. Meanwhile, high-quality audit can improve forecast accuracy. Contrary to prior findings that analysts tend to underreact to bad news, the empirical evidence suggests that analysts, shaped by the salience bias, overestimate the negative impact of the pandemic. Analysts first issue pessimistic forecasts at the start of the outbreak and then revise forecasts upward steadily as the fiscal year-end approaches.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature by adding novel evidence on how COVID-19-induced uncertainty affects analyst forecast characteristics. It also provides additional evidence on how high-quality audit is associated with improved analyst forecast accuracy even under heightened uncertainty of COVID-19.
A critical review of 3D printing and digital manufacturing in construction engineering
Authors: Ali Md. Hazrat , Issayev Gani , Shehab Essam , Sarfraz Shoaib
Published: February 2022

Purpose

In recent years, 3D printing technologies have been widely used in the construction industry. 3D printing in construction is very attractive because of its capability of process automation and the possibility of saving labor, waste materials, construction time and hazardous procedures for humans. Significant researches were conducted to identify the performance of the materials, while some researches focused on the development of novel techniques and methods, such as building information modeling. This paper aims to provide a detailed overview of the state-of-the-art of currently used 3D printing technologies in the construction areas and global acceptance in its applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The working principle of additive manufacturing in construction engineering (CE) is presented in terms of structural design, materials used and theoretical background of the leading technologies that are used to construct buildings and structures as well as their distinctive features.

Findings

The trends of 3D printing processes in CE are very promising, as well as the development of novel materials, will gain further momentum. The findings also indicate that the digital twin (DT) in construction technology would bring the industry a step forward toward achieving the goal of Industry 5.0.

Originality/value

This review highlights the prospects of digital manufacturing and the DT in construction engineering. It also indicates the future research direction of 3D printing in various constriction sectors.
The risks and benefits of Internet of Things (IoT) and their influence on smartwatch use
Authors: Saheb Tahereh , Cabanillas Francisco J. Liébana , Higueras Elena
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to determine how Internet of Things (IoT) risks and benefits affect both the intention to use and actual use of a smartwatch.

Methodology

The stimulus–organism–behavior–consequence (SOBC) hypothesis is used to explain the mechanisms underpinning the discontinuity between intention and technology usage. A total of 394 questionnaires distributed to smartwatch users were analyzed, using convergent analysis, discriminant analysis and structural modeling.

Findings

The IoT’s technical features, such as continuous connectivity and real-time value, serve as effective stimuli for smartwatches, positively influencing individuals’ responses and behavioral consequences associated with smartwatch usage. While IoT risks such as data, performance and financial have no negative relationship with the usefulness of smartwatches, data and financial risks have a negative influence on their ease of use. Additionally, as ease of use and usefulness have a positive impact on intention to use, users’ behavior is positively influenced by their intentions to use a smartwatch.

Value

The study applies technology acceptance theory and the SOBC paradigm to smartwatches to determine if users’ intentions to use them impact their behavior. Furthermore, the research analyzed the technical elements of smartwatches in terms of IoT advantages and risks.
Environment regimes play an important role in structuring trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms
Authors: Wu Naicheng , Wang Yaochun , Wang Yixia , Sun Xiuming , Faber Claas , Fohrer Nicola
Published: February 2022

A sound understanding of the community changes over time and its driving forces is at the centre of biodiversity conservation and ecology research. In this study, we examined: (i) the relative roles of turnover and nestedness components to trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity of riverine diatoms; (ii) whether trait‐based temporal beta diversity provides complementary information to taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity; (iii) the relative roles of hydrology (e.g. discharge, antecedent precipitation index), metal ions (e.g. Mg2+, Si2+) and nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, orthophosphate) to the both facets of temporal beta diversity and their components (i.e. total beta diversity, turnover and nestedness); and (iv) whether inclusion of environment regimes increase their explained variations.

A total of 338 daily samples of riverine diatom communities were collected. We employed Mantel tests to evaluate the complementarities between trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity. Using distance‐based redundancy analysis (db‐RDA) and variation partitioning, we investigated the relative roles of hydrology, metal ions and nutrients to each facet of temporal beta diversity and its components.

Correlations between trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity and their components were weak, which showed their complementary ecological information. Taxonomy‐based total beta diversity had a high contribution by turnover component, whereas trait‐based total beta diversity was largely driven by nestedness component. Results of variation partitioning demonstrated that the pure and shared fractions of hydrology, metal ions and nutrient differed among the components of trait‐ and taxonomy‐based temporal beta diversity. Furthermore, addition of environment regimes could dramatically increase the explained variation of temporal beta diversity and its components.

Synthesis. Our results highlighted the importance of the two facets of temporal beta diversity as well as their decomposition for exploring diversity patterns of riverine diatoms in relation to abiotic factors, particularly the environment regimes. Although a high temporal taxonomic divergence was detected, the high level of temporal trait convergence indicated that species turnover with similar biological traits occurred during our study period. Our study, for the first time, provides a new perspective into temporal beta diversity of daily riverine diatom communities, which has not yet been documented by previous freshwater studies.
Acoustic characteristics associated with liquid swallowing sounds of different bolus consistencies in young healthy adults
Authors: Ng Manwa L. , Ki Anthony
Published: February 2022

Background

Cervical auscultation has been used clinically as an augmentative procedure for swallow examination. Despite its frequent use for screening and preliminary assessment of swallowing, the usefulness of cervical auscultation is controversial due to a lack of sufficient research, particularly in quantifying swallowing sounds.

Aims

To document the acoustic characteristics of normal swallowing sound associated with swallowing bolus of different consistencies among younger healthy adults.

Methods & Procedures

A total of 30 healthy young adult participants swallowed 5 ml thickened liquids of four different consistencies (slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick and extremely thick) prepared using a starch‐based commercial thickener, and the corresponding swallowing sounds were recorded using a wireless accelerometric stethoscope. An array of acoustic measures including duration of swallowing sound (DSS), duration to peak intensity (DPI), frequency at peak intensity (FPI), peak intensity (PI), average intensity (AI), and difference between peak and average intensity (DPAI) values associated with the swallowing signals were obtained.

Outcomes & Results

In general, increased durational measures of the swallowing sounds were associated with an increase in bolus consistency. Intensity measures including PI, AI and DPAI were found to be stable across different consistencies. The change in FPI did not appear to be particularly meaningful due to its high variability. In addition, no significant differences were observed between men and women.

Conclusions & Implications

Swallow sounds associated with different bolus consistencies could be quantified and used to differentiate consistencies. The present findings could serve as a reference for future swallowing research of normal and dysphagic population.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

Cervical auscultation using traditional stethoscope has been used as part of an informal clinical swallow examination by practitioners. Validity of cervical auscultation is controversial, possibly due to the lack of normative data on swallow sounds.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

The present study explored the possibility of using wireless accelerometric stethoscopy for cervical auscultation for dysphagia screening. Acoustic profiles of swallow sounds associated with boluses of different consistencies in healthy individuals were examined.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

Findings contribute to our knowledge about the acoustic characteristics of swallow sounds of boluses of different consistencies in healthy young individuals. The study provides normative clinical data on cervical auscultation using wireless accelerometric stethoscope for normal swallow.
Diabetes duration and weight loss are associated with onset age and remote metastasis of pancreatic cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ma Minglei , Li Wei , Xu Lingling , Ping Fan , Zhang Huabing , Li Yuxiu
Published: February 2022

Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and diabetes and to explore the impact of diabetes duration, weight loss, and hypoglycemic drugs on the tumor biological behavior of PC.

Methods

This is a retrospective study on patients with PC and diabetes. Subjects were grouped according to the onset age of PC, distant metastasis, duration of diabetes, degree of weight loss (∆Wt), and type of hypoglycemic drugs. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between diabetes duration, weight loss, hypoglycemic drugs, and early‐onset PC, distant metastasis.

Results

Compared with late‐onset PC, patients with early‐onset PC had a higher proportion of new‐onset DM (35 [79.5%] vs. 217 [46.9%], p < 0.001), smoker, drinker, and more obvious weight loss (8.5 [3.8, 15] kg vs. 5 [0, 10] kg, p < 0.001). Patients with remote metastasis had an earlier diagnosis age, heavier weight loss, lower body mass index, and were more likely to be smokers but had cancer less likely to be localized in the head of pancreas. Regression analysis showed that new‐onset diabetes and weight loss were independently correlated to early‐onset PC: odds ratio (OR) = 3.38 (95% CI 1.36‐8.4, p = 0.09; OR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.16‐2.1), p = 0.003, respectively. In contrast, long‐term diabetes, and heavy weight loss were independently associated with remote metastasis: OR = 3.38 (95% CI 1.36‐8.4, p = 0.09; OR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.16‐2.1), p = 0.003, respectively.

Conclusion

New‐onset diabetes and weight loss were common presentation and risk factors of early‐onset PC, which required more attention. Long‐term diabetes and heavy weight loss were risk factors contributing to distant metastases, indicating potential risk factors contributing to the adverse prognosis of patients with PC.
Circ_0010235 facilitates lung cancer development and immune escape by regulating miR‐636/PDL1 axis
Authors: Zhao Jixing , Yan Wu , Huang Wencong , Li Yongsheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of important regulators in various human cancers, including lung cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of circ_0010235 in lung cancer.

Methods

The expression of circ_0010235, microRNA‐636 (miR‐636) and PDL1 was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell invasion was assessed by transwell assay. All protein levels were determined by western blot assay. In order to detect the roles of circ_0010235 in immune escape, lung cancer cells were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells in vitro. The relationship between miR‐636 and circ_0010235 or PDL1 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA pulldown assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was used to detect Ki67 and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PDL1) expression. A xenograft tumor model was established to verify the function of circ_0010235 in vivo.

Results

Circ_0010235 was overexpressed in lung cancer. Circ_0010235 knockdown inhibited proliferation, invasion and immune escape and promoted apoptosis of lung cancer cells. MiR‐636 was a target of circ_0010235, and miR‐636 inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0010235 knockdown in lung cancer cells. PDL1 was a direct target of miR‐636, and miR‐636 suppressed the proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis and antitumor immunity in lung cancer cells by downregulating PDL1. Moreover, circ_0010235 positively regulated PDL1 expression by sponging miR‐636. Additionally, circ_0010235 knockdown hampered tumorigenesis in vivo.

Conclusion

Circ_0010235 knockdown inhibited lung cancer progression and increased antitumor immunity by regulating the miR‐636/PDL1 axis.
Prognostic impact of tumor volume in patients with complete resection of thymoma
Authors: Miyashita Yudai , Kanou Takashi , Ishida Hiroto , Fukui Eriko , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Minami Masato , Sato Yukihisa , Yanagawa Masahiro , Shintani Yasushi
Published: February 2022

Background

The impact of tumor volume on prognosis is unclear. We therefore investigated the correlation between tumor volume and prognosis in patients with complete resection of thymoma.

Methods

A total of 177 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for thymoma were retrospectively collected and reviewed. We performed a volumetric analysis of each case using the modified version of “Watchin GGO” and evaluated the relationship between tumor volume and recurrence.

Results

The median tumor size was 5.0 (range 0.5–15) cm, and the median tumor volume was 35.1 (range 0.265–881.0) cm3. The Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient was 0.658, suggesting a moderately strong connection between tumor volume and tumor size. To determine the impact of tumor volume on tumor recurrence, receiver operating characteristic curves of the recurrence and tumor volume were calculated. The area under the curve was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.80), and the optimal cutoff level of the tumor volume for recurrence was 82.6 cm3, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.64 (11/17) and 0.74 (119/160), respectively. Patients with tumors ≥82.6 cm3 had a significantly worse recurrence‐free survival than those with smaller tumors (p = 0.0122, hazard ratio: 2.99), with 5‐year recurrence rates of 74.9% (95% CI: 58.6%–86.3%) versus 88.9% (95% CI: 79.0%–94.4%).

Conclusion

The volume of completely resectable thymoma may be a useful prognostic indicator.
Fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction in mice
Authors: Hu Can , Zhang Xin , Hu Min , Teng Teng , Yuan Yu‐Pei , Song Peng , Kong Chun‐Yan , Xu Si‐Chi , Ma Zhen‐Guo , Tang Qi‐Zhu
Published: February 2022

Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and aging‐related cardiac dysfunction serves as a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. Our previous study has identified fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, as the cardioprotectant against doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy. Herein, aging or matched young mice were overexpressed with FNDC5 by adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors, or subcutaneously infused with irisin to uncover the role of FNDC5 in aging‐related cardiac dysfunction. To verify the involvement of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα),Nlrp3orAmpkα2 global knockout mice were used. Besides, young mice were injected with AAV9‐FNDC5 and maintained for 12 months to determine the preventive effect of FNDC5. Moreover, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to examine the role of FNDC5in vitro. We found that FNDC5 was downregulated in aging hearts. Cardiac‐specific overexpression of FNDC5 or irisin infusion significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and cardiac inflammation, thereby attenuating aging‐related cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In addition, irisin treatment also inhibited cellular senescence in TNF‐α‐stimulated cardiomyocytesin vitro. Mechanistically, FNDC5 activated AMPKα through blocking the lysosomal degradation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor. More importantly, FNDC5 gene transfer in early life could delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction during aging process. We prove that FNDC5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction by activating AMPKα, and it might be a promising therapeutic target to support cardiovascular health in elderly populations.
Clinical and societal burden of incident major depressive disorder: A population‐wide cohort study in Stockholm
Authors: Lundberg Johan , Cars Thomas , Lööv Sven‐Åke , Söderling Jonas , Tiihonen Jari , Leval Amy , Gannedahl Anna , Björkholm Carl , Själin Mikael , Hellner Clara
Published: February 2022

Objective

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent condition and a significant contributor to global disability. The vast majority of MDD is handled by primary care, but most real‐life studies on MDD only include data from secondary care. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the total clinical and societal burden of incident MDD including data from all healthcare levels in a large well‐defined western European healthcare region.

Methods

Population‐wide observational study included healthcare data from Region Stockholm, Sweden's largest region with approximately 2.4 million inhabitants. All patients in Region Stockholm having their first unipolar MDD episode between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, were included. The sample also included matched study population controls. Outcomes were psychiatric and non‐psychiatric comorbid conditions, antidepressant therapy use, healthcare resource utilization, work loss, and all‐cause mortality.

Results

In the study period, 137,822 patients in Region Stockholm were diagnosed with their first unipolar MDD episode. Compared with matched controls, MDD patients had a higher burden of non‐psychiatric and psychiatric comorbid conditions, 3.2 times higher outpatient healthcare resource utilization and 8.6 times more work loss. MDD was also associated with a doubled all‐cause mortality compared with matched controls (HR: 2.2 [95% CI: 2.0–2.4]).

Conclusions

The high mortality, morbidity, healthcare resource utilization, and work loss found in this study confirms that MDD is associated with individual suffering and low functioning leading to substantial costs for patients and society. These findings should motivate additional efforts in improving outcomes for MDD patients.
The representation of females in clinical trials for substance use disorder conducted in the United States (2010–19)
Authors: Gunn Christine M. , Pankowska Magda , Harris Miriam , Helsing Emma , Battaglia Tracy A. , Bagley Sarah M.
Published: February 2022

Background and aims

Women have historically been under‐represented in clinical research, but the extent to which this is true for substance use disorder (SUD) trials is unknown. We aimed to determine the ratio of female:male participation in clinical trials for SUDs and describe the reporting of sex‐specific outcomes from 2010 to 2019.

Design

A retrospective cohort review of clinical trials involving people with SUD.

Setting

United States.

Participants

Clinical trials including people with SUD registered in clinicaltrials.gov and completed between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 were reviewed. Trials were excluded if they had < 30 participants, focused on SUD prevention, were conducted outside the United States and/or did not report data on participant sex or gender.

Measurements

The following were extracted for each trial: primary outcome, number of participants enrolled, analytical sample size, percentage of participants who were female, inclusion of transgender participants, whether sex‐based analyses were performed, funding source, type of SUD and type of intervention. Relative representation in trials was examined using the female:male ratio, reported using median ratios and by year of trial completion. The proportion of females participating was adjusted using the underlying disease prevalence among females using National Survey on Drug Use and Health data.

Findings

A total of 316 trials met inclusion criteria: 274 were mixed‐sex, 12 enrolled only males and 30 only females. In 274 mixed‐sex trials, 40% of 57 544 participants were female. Only 22 trials (8%) reported any sex‐specific analyses; four studies (1.5%) reported inclusion of transgender participants. Females represented 35% of participants in trials targeting illicit drug use disorder, 52% in nicotine use disorder and 29% in alcohol use disorder. Accounting for underlying disease prevalence revealed that women had the lowest relative enrollment in alcohol use disorder trials (median participation to prevalence ratio in 2017: 0.58; 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.91).

Conclusions

A review of 316 US clinical trials for alcohol, nicotine and illicit substance use disorders completed between 2010 and 2019 showed that females were enrolled at lower rates than males overall. Only 8% of the trials reviewed reported sex‐specific analyses and 1.5% reported transgender participants.
Problematic gaming risk among European adolescents: a cross‐national evaluation of individual and socio‐economic factors
Authors: Colasante Emanuela , Pivetta Erika , Canale Natale , Vieno Alessio , Marino Claudia , Lenzi Michela , Benedetti Elisa , King Daniel L. , Molinaro Sabrina
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

Previous research has identified numerous risk and protective factors of adolescent problematic gaming (PG) at the individual and social levels; however, the influence of socio‐economic indicators on PG is less known. This study aimed to measure the contribution of individual and socio‐economic factors involved in PG risk among adolescents from 30 European countries.

Design

Multi‐level logistic regression analysis of survey data from the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross‐sectional study using self‐administered anonymous questionnaires.

Setting

Thirty European countries.

Participants

A representative cohort of 15–16‐year‐old students (n = 88 998 students; males = 49.2%).

Measurements

The primary outcome measure was adolescents’ (low and high) risk of PG. Individual key predictors included self‐report assessments of socio‐demographic characteristics, time spent gaming and family variables (parental regulation and monitoring, family support). Main country‐level predictors comprised Gini coefficient for economic inequalities and benefits for families and children (% gross domestic product), retrieved from international public data sets and national thematic reports. The data analysis plan involved multi‐level logistic regression.

Findings

Participants who reported stronger parental regulation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.83] and higher family support (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.91–0.95) reported lower risk of PG. At the country‐level, economic inequalities (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03–1.07) were positively associated with the risk of PG, while benefits for families and children (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70–0.89) were negatively correlated with the risk of PG.

Conclusions

Supportive family environments, lower country‐level economic inequalities and higher government expenditures on benefits for families and children appear to be associated with a lower risk of problematic gaming among European adolescents.
Uptake of osteoporosis treatment recommended by an orthogeriatrics service after hip fracture: Retrospective cohort study of prevalence and potential barriers and enablers at a tertiary referral hospital in Sydney
Authors: Liu Bonnie Mengyuan , Vogler Constance Michelle , Hilmer Sarah Nicole , Chang Kevin Philip
Published: February 2022

Objective

The primary aim was to determine the 12‐month period prevalence of and time to osteoporosis treatment following minimal trauma hip fractures in patients who were recommended treatment by an orthogeriatrics service. The secondary aim was to determine the factors associated with receiving treatment including the impact of osteoporosis clinic follow‐up.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with minimal trauma hip fractures admitted at a tertiary hospital in Sydney between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2019 was performed. Baseline characteristics were collected from medical records. Osteoporosis treatment data were collected from patients and general practitioners. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with receiving osteoporosis treatment.

Results

There were 189 participants who consented to participate with a mean age of 84.6 years. Most (76.7%) were females, 18.5% were nursing home residents, 70.9% had normal cognition, 20.6% were taking osteoporosis treatment prior to admission, 61.9% had osteoporosis treatment recommendations documented on the discharge summary, and 10.1% were followed up in the osteoporosis clinic. Ninety‐eight patients (51.9%) received treatment within the first 12 months after fracture with a median time to treatment of 90 days. Factors associated with receiving osteoporosis treatment within 12 months on multivariate analysis included normal cognition (p = 0.03), taking osteoporosis treatment prior to admission (p < 0.001), including treatment recommendations in the discharge summary (p = 0.006) and osteoporosis clinic follow‐up (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Osteoporosis treatment after hip fracture remains suboptimal at this hospital. Patient and health service factors associated with treatment uptake could inform future quality improvement work.
Dark faces in white spaces: The effects of skin tone, race, ethnicity, and intergroup preferences on interpersonal judgments and voting behavior
Authors: Chirco Patrizia , Buchanan Tonya M.
Published: February 2022

Across three experimental studies, we explored how a political candidate's intersections of skin tone, race, and ethnicity affect voting preferences and interpersonal judgments (e.g., warmth, trustworthiness, expertise). Study 1 assessed whether White participants would favor a light‐skinned (vs. dark‐skinned) African American candidate. Study 2 investigated participant (White vs. non‐White) voting preferences based on the interaction between candidate race/ethnicity and relative skin tone (lighter vs. darker). In Study 3, we examined the influence of candidate race/ethnicity on voters’ preferences as well as the accuracy and impact of memory for candidate skin tone. Supporting our hypotheses, White participants generally held more negative attitudes (e.g., expressed less warmth, perceived candidates as less trustworthy) and were less likely to vote for underrepresented candidates with darker skin tones than non‐White participants were. Additionally, voters remembered politicians as having a lighter skin tone, and the extent of such bias predicted warmth, perceived trustworthiness, and expertise of the candidate. While candidate race/ethnicity on its own did not affect voting preferences and attitudes, it significantly influenced voters when race/ethnicity was associated with certain skin tones (i.e., brown skin tone). Theoretical, practical, and political implications for judgments influenced by skin tone and race/ethnicity of candidates are discussed.
The association between proton pump inhibitor use and systemic anti‐tumour therapy on survival outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Na , Zheng Bin , Que Wancai , Zhang Jin , Liu Maobai
Published: February 2022

Aims

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed to prevent or treat gastrointestinal disease. Whether the combination of systemic anti‐tumour therapy and PPIs leads to poor outcomes in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. This systematic review explored the relationship between PPIs and survival outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC who are receiving systemic anti‐tumour therapy.

Methods

We searched studies reporting the overall survival (OS) and/or progression‐free survival (PFS) of advanced NSCLC patients who are receiving systemic anti‐tumour therapy with or without PPIs on PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for literature published prior to 31 August 2021. The meta‐analysis used a random effects model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 to assess statistical heterogeneity. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed.

Results

Fourteen retrospective studies comprising 13 709 advanced NSCLC patients were identified. Subgroup analyses showed that the use of PPI was correlated with the OS or PFS of patients receiving chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy (PPI users' group vs non‐users' group: HR for OS = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.21–1.51, P < .00001; HR for PFS = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.25–1.80, P < .0001). Publication bias and sensitivity analyses confirmed that the results were robust.

Conclusion

Meta‐analysis demonstrated that PPI use in advanced NSCLC patients who were undergoing systemic anti‐tumour therapy was correlated with increased mortality risk. Until results are further confirmed, caution should be applied when administering PPIs and systemic anti‐tumour therapy to advanced NSCLC patients.
Bayes Optimal Informer Sets for Early-Stage Drug Discovery
Authors: Yu Peng , Ericksen Spencer , Gitter Anthony , Newton Michael A.
Published: February 2022

An important experimental design problem in early-stage drug discovery is how to prioritize available compounds for testing when very little is known about the target protein. Informer-based ranking (IBR) methods address the prioritization problem when the compounds have provided bioactivity data on other potentially relevant targets. An IBR method selects an informer set of compounds, and then prioritizes the remaining compounds on the basis of new bioactivity experiments performed with the informer set on the target. We formalize the problem as a two-stage decision problem and introduce the Bayes Optimal Informer SEt (BOISE) method for its solution. BOISE leverages a flexible model of the initial bioactivity data, a relevant loss function, and effective computational schemes to resolve the two-step design problem. We evaluate BOISE and compare it to other IBR strategies in two retrospective studies, one on protein-kinase inhibition and the other on anticancer drug sensitivity. In both empirical settings BOISE exhibits better predictive performance than available methods. It also behaves well with missing data, where methods that use matrix completion show worse predictive performance.
Relational language influences young children’s number relation skills
Authors: Chan Jenny Yun‐Chen , Sera Maria D. , Mazzocco Michèle M. M.
Published: February 2022

Relational language is thought to influence mathematical skills. This study examines the association between relational language and number relation skills—knowledge of cardinal, ordinal, and spatial principles—among 104 U.S. kindergartners (5.9 years; 44% boys; 37% White, 25% Black, 14% Asian, 24% other) in the 2017–2018 academic year. Controlling for general verbal knowledge, executive function, and counting and number identification skills, relational language predicted later number relation skills, specifically number line estimation, β = .30. Relational language did not differentially predict number line estimation performance in children with low or high number relation skills, likely due to the restricted ranges of data within subgroups. Number relation skills, specifically number line estimation and number ordering, may be a pathway between relational language and mathematical skills.
News coverage of ocean issues and its impacts on public perceptions and conservation information‐seeking of sea turtles
Authors: Santos Bianca S. , Wong‐Parodi Gabrielle
Published: February 2022

The news media can influence how the public learns about environmental issues, including endangered marine species such as sea turtles, which may prompt further information‐seeking. However, what people learn through the media can be problematic for conservation efforts if it is misaligned with scientific priorities. Here, we seek to better understand how members of the public learn about sea turtles through the news, assess public perceptions and knowledge about these animals, and evaluate how these variables are associated with information‐seeking behavior on their conservation. We surveyed a representative sample of 1162 adults living in the coastal United States and collected information on ocean news consumption, sea turtle interest, risk perceptions of sea turtle population status and individual threat types, self‐reported knowledge, and information‐seeking behavior. News consumption was associated with interest, risk perceptions of population status, and self‐reported knowledge about sea turtles. Although news consumption was not associated with risk perception about individual hazards, individuals generally viewed pollution as a top hazard facing sea turtle populations, which may misalign with scientific understanding. Greater interest, risk perceptions of population status and overall threat, and knowledge was associated with more information‐seeking behavior, with knowledge moderating the relationship between risk perceptions of population status and information‐seeking behavior. These findings improve understanding of how the public learns about sea turtles through the news media, suggests coupling messaging about sea turtles with their risks may provide more effective conservation messaging, and highlights how educators and conservation stakeholders can use the news as a communication tool.
Predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients who underwent a tricuspid valve operation with modified Cox maze procedure
Authors: Bak Minjung , Jeong Dong Seop , Park Sung‐Ji , Park Boram , Seo Jeong Hun , Park Ilkun , Kim Jihoon , Chung Su Ryeun , Kim Eun Kyoung , Sung Kiick
Published: February 2022

Background

Recurrence of any atrial arrhythmia after surgical ablation is known as a negative predictor of cardiovascular events and total mortality. However, there have been no focused studies for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence prediction in patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and the risk‐benefit estimation of surgical ablation in tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is not fully established.

Method

We screened 385 patients who underwent a TV operation between 2001 and 2017. After excluding patients who did not undergo a maze operation, 158 patients were enrolled. Enrolled patients were divided by recurrence of AF. We analyzed the difference between the AF recurrence group and no AF recurrence group, and AF recurrence factors in terms of clinical risk factors and echocardiographic risk factors. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented using a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Among 158 patients, AF recurred in 65 patients within 10 years. For AF prediction, age was most the important clinical factor and right atrium (RA) diameter was the most important echocardiographic parameters. In patients with a larger RA diameter over 49.2 mm, the prevalence of AF recurrence was higher (HR 4.322, 95% CI [2.185–8.549], log rank p value < .001). In clinical outcome, there was no significant difference between the AF recurrence group and the no recurrence group in terms of death, TR recurrence, heart failure, and stroke. However, the risk of permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion was higher in the AF recurrence group (HR 10.240, 95% CI [1.257–83.480], log rank p value .007) compared to the no recurrence group.

Conclusion

Age and RA enlargement are key predictors of AF recurrence after TV operation with the CM procedure in patients with significant TR.