bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Negative Leadership Behaviours and Silence among Nurses
Authors: Li Zhi-Ying , Yang Yu-Pei , Wang Qian , Tung Tao-Hsin , Chen Hai-Xiao
Published: August 2024

Background: Negative leadership behaviour is very common and pervasive in nursing and healthcare, often leading to adverse effects such as nurses’ silence, decreased job performance, and turnover. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that summarize negative leadership types and nurses silencing behaviours. Aim: This systematic review examined the relationship between negative leadership behaviour and nurses’ silence. Evaluation: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from their inception until 30 April 2024 for articles examining the relationship between negative leadership and silent behaviour among nurses. The studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Key Issues: After full‐text analysis, six papers were included in this systematic review. Four of the studies were conducted with nurses, and the remaining two were conducted with all medical staff including nurses. While most studies have shown that negative leadership causes nurses to become increasingly silent, others have shown that appropriate negative leadership behaviour instead reduces nurses’ silence. Conclusions: Negative leadership behaviour can affect the silent behaviour of nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Hospitals need to take the initiative to build a harmonious and safe working environment, correctly recognize and identify negative management behaviour, take appropriate and effective measures to enhance the positive leadership of nurse managers, and make an effort to prevent nursing staff’s exposure to the negative management of direct leadership and mental health threats, which is a key point that hospital administrators and health policymakers tend to overlook. This is also effective for enhancing the leadership of hospital administrators.
Notch Signaling Is Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients with Pigeon Breeder’s Lung by Regulating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lian Zhichuang , Kuerban Remila , Niu Zongxin , Aisaiti Paruzha , Wu Chao , Yang Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

This study explored the molecular mechanism underlying the association of Notch signaling and oxidative stress with the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with pigeon breeder’s lung (PBL). Rat models of fibrotic PBL were constructed with freeze‐dried protein powder, and the animals were divided into the control (intratracheal instillation of normal saline; n = 9), M (PBL model; intratracheal instillation of freeze‐dried protein powder; n = 9), and M + D (PBL+ the Notch inhibitor DAPT; n = 9) groups. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the protein levels of pathway factors and α‐SMA, and the levels of ROS, GSH‐PX, SOD, and MDA were observed using ELISA. To verify the results of the animal experiment, cytological models were constructed. The M group and the M + D group had significantly increased α‐SMA levels (P < 0.05). Although both groups had significantly higher key protein levels in the Notch channel, the M + D group had significantly lower levels relative to the M group (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress products were examined, and the levels of MDA and ROS were significantly increased, while those of GSH‐PX and SOD were significantly decreased in the M and M + D groups as compared to the control, but the M group and the M + D group significantly differed (P <  0.05). These findings were further validated by the cytological experiment. Notch signaling is associated with pulmonary fibrosis in PBL by regulating cellular oxidative stress, and inhibiting this pathway can slow down pulmonary fibrosis progression.
Natural Killer Cell Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Mediates Metastatic Dormancy
Authors: Bushnell Grace G. , Sharma Deeksha , Wilmot Henry C. , Zheng Michelle , Fashina Toluwaleke D. , Hutchens Chloe M. , Osipov Samuel , Burness Monika , Wicha Max S.
Published: August 2024

Patients with breast cancer with estrogen receptor–positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cancer cells display “stem-like” properties (cancer stem cell, CSC), which may be regulated by the immune system. To elucidate the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. Three mouse breast cancer cell lines, PyMT, Met1, and D2.0R, contained CSCs that displayed short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which was dependent on the host immune system. Each model was regulated by different components of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype in D2.0R cells. Quiescent D2.0R CSCs were resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas proliferative CSCs were sensitive. Resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by the expression of BACH1 and SOX2 transcription factors. Expression of STING and STING targets was decreased in quiescent CSCs, and the STING agonist MSA-2 enhanced NK cell killing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon.

Significance: The immune system controls disseminated breast cancer cells during disease latency, highlighting the need to utilize immunocompetent models to identify strategies for targeting dormant cancer cells and reducing metastatic recurrence.

See related commentary by Cackowski and Korkaya, p. 3319
Asymptomatic Incidence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Preclinical Duration to Myeloma Diagnosis: A Modeling Study
Authors: Ji Mengmeng , Shih Yi-Hsuan , Huber John H. , Wang Mei , Feuer Eric J. , Etzioni Ruth , Wang Shi-Yi , Chang Su-Hsin
Published: August 2024

Background:

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the premalignant condition of multiple myeloma. Given a lack of population-based screening for MGUS and its asymptomatic nature, the epidemiology of MGUS remains unknown. This study estimated age- and race/ethnicity-specific MGUS incidence and preclinical duration from MGUS to multiple myeloma in the United States.

Methods:

A previously published modeling approach was used to calculate national MGUS incidence using estimates of MGUS prevalence, multiple myeloma incidence, multiple myeloma–specific and all-cause mortality, and population age distribution from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, 2000 to 2021. The estimated MGUS prevalence was divided by MGUS incidence to obtain preclinical duration of multiple myeloma.

Results:

MGUS incidence for non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations was 52, 86, 142, and 181 and for non-Hispanic Black (NHB) population was 110, 212, 392, and 570 per 100,000 person-years at ages 50, 60, 70, and 80 years, respectively. The average preclinical duration was 20.5 (95% confidence interval, CI, 16.5–26.1) years for the NHW population and 14.2 (95% CI, 11.5–17.6) years for the NHB population. The cumulative risk of developing MGUS in age 50 to 85 was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.7%–4.2%) for the NHW population and 6.1% (95% CI, 3.8%–10.0%) for the NHB population.

Conclusions:

NHB populations had a higher MGUS incidence rate at all ages and a shorter preclinical duration of multiple myeloma compared to their NHW counterparts.

Impact:

This study provides insights into the epidemiology of MGUS and enhances our understanding of the natural history of multiple myeloma.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 1547
Supplementary Figure 1 from Anti-EGFR Antibody–Drug Conjugate Carrying an Inhibitor Targeting CDK Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Cheung Anthony , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Johansson Annelie , Laddach Roman , Guppy Naomi , Trendell Jennifer , Esapa Benjamina , Mavousian Antranik , Navarro-Llinas Blanca , Haider Syed , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Andriollo Paolo , Rahman Khondaker M. , Jackson Paul , Tsoka Sophia , Irshad Sheeba , Roxanis Ioannis , Grigoriadis Anita , Thurston David E. , Lord Christopher J. , Tutt Andrew N. J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure 1. Expression of G1/S-phase cell cycle genes and transcriptional regulators with basal-like/TNBCs.
Figure 1 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Hsu Chang-Chieh , Su Yafei , Rittenhouse-Olson Kate , Attwood Kristopher M. , Mojica Wilfrido , Reid Mary E. , Dy Grace K. , Wu Yun
Published: August 2024

SPR assay detects exosomal TF-Ag-α for cancer diagnosis. A, Sensing mechanism of the SPR assay. The assay time was ∼1 hour, and the sample volume was 10 µL serum. Representative SPR curves for the detection of exosomal TF-Ag-α in serum samples from a patient with lung cancer (B) and a patient with breast cancer (C). SEM images of exosomes expressing TF-Ag-α captured on the biochips from serum samples of a patient with lung cancer (D) and a patient with breast cancer (E). F, Weak signals were detected in exosome-depleted serum samples, whereas strong signals were observed in the same serum samples without exosome depletion (n = 10, patient characteristics are provided in Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).
Insomnie bei Krebspatienten: Komorbiditäten und Erwartungen leiten Therapieentscheidungen
Authors: Voiß Petra
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Insomnia negatively affects quality of life in cancer survivors. Expectations of insomnia treatment efficacy may influence response to intervention. We sought to determine whether pre-treatment outcome expectancy predicts response to two non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia among cancer survivors. Methods: We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial that compared acupuncture versus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in cancer survivors. Patient expectancy was measured by the Mao Treatment Expectancy Scale (MTES) at baseline. Insomnia severity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at treatment completion (week 8). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between pre-treatment expectancy and ISI score at week, 8 adjusting for co-variates. Results: Expectancy for acupuncture and CBT-I were similar at baseline (acupuncture: 13.3 ± 4.0; CBT-I: 13.2 ± 2.9, p = 0.17). Greater baseline expectancy scores were associated with a greater and statistically significant insomnia severity reduction at week 8 in the acupuncture group (beta coefficients [Coef.] = - 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 0.6 to - 0.1, p = 0.016) adjusted for co-variates. Baseline expectancy was not statistically associated with insomnia severity reduction in the CBT-I group (Coef. = - 0.2, 95% CI = - 0.7 to 0.2, p = 0.31). High expectancy was significantly associated with greater proportion of treatment responders at week 8 in the acupuncture group (76% vs. 38%, p = 0.001) but not in the CBT-I group (83% vs. 70%, p = 0.21). Conclusions: Higher pre-treatment outcome expectancy predicted significantly greater insomnia improvement in patients receiving acupuncture but not in those receiving CBT-I. Implications for cancer survivors: Aligning treatment provision with expected outcomes may lead to personalized non-pharmacological insomnia management for cancer survivors.
Transformativer Physiotherapieansatz bei einer 80-jährigen Frau: Ein Fallbericht über die Behand­lung der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe für eine bessere Lebensqualität
Authors: Gabada Rishika , Yadav Vaishnavi , Nikhade Dhanshri
Published: August 2024

Die obstruktive Schlafapnoe (OSA) stellt eine erhebliche Herausforderung für die allgemeine Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der Patienten dar. Sie ist gekennzeichnet durch einen Kollaps der oberen Atemwege während des Schlafs und führt zu fragmentierten und nicht erholsamen Schlafmustern. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine 80-jährige Patientin mit Atemnot, Adipositas (Body Mass Index: 43 kg/m2), Schlafstörungen, Müdigkeit, Aufmerksamkeitsdefiziten, verminderter Dehnbarkeit des Brustkorbs und einer Vorgeschichte von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Die klinischen Ergebnisse zeigten anhaltende Schlafstörungen, eine Verschlimmerung der Atemnot, fortschreitende Schwäche und eine verminderte Sauerstoffsättigung. Die therapeutische Intervention umfasste ein umfangreiches Physiotherapieprogramm, das auf das Training der Atemmuskulatur, die Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion, die Stärkung der peripheren Muskeln und Entspannungsübungen abzielte. Die Diskussion konzentriert sich auf Studien, die sich auf physiotherapeutische Interventionen wie Übungen zur Thoraxdehnung, neuromuskuläre Stimulation und oropharyngeale Übungen zur Behandlung von OSA-Symptomen stützen. Insgesamt unterstreicht dieser Fall die Bedeutung von maßgeschneiderten physiotherapeutischen Interventionen bei der Bewältigung der vielfältigen Herausforderungen von OSA. Ziel ist es, die Behandlungsergebnisse und die Lebensqualität der Patienten zu verbessern.
Micronutrients and Allergic Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Changhai Long , Zaichun Wu , Bo Yang , Dan Li , Shaohua Wang
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated a controversy regarding the association between dietary micronutrient concentrations and the risk of allergic diseases. In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using data from two samples to investigate the causal relationship between circulating micronutrient concentrations and three allergic diseases. Methods: In this study, we considered 16 circulating micronutrients as exposure variables (beta carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, lycopene, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin A1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and zinc); and three common allergic diseases (allergic asthma [AA], atopic dermatitis [AD], and allergic rhinitis [AR]) as outcomes. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was primarily applied for MR analysis, supplemented by MR-Egger and weighted-median methods to corroborate the IVW results; and sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the MR assumptions. Results: Our results revealed that an increase in serum phosphorus and zinc concentrations may diminish the risk of AA, while for AD an increase in serum zinc concentration may reduce the risk, but an increase in serum vitamin C concentration may elevate the risk. As for AR, an increase in serum phosphorus and selenium concentrations appeared to be associated with a reduced risk. We did not find evidence for an association between other micronutrients and the risk of allergic diseases. Conclusion: Our study indicates that an increase in serum phosphorus and zinc concentrations may reduce the risk of AA, while an increase in serum zinc concentration may reduce the risk of AD, but an increase in serum vitamin C concentration may elevate the risk of AD. An increase in serum phosphorus and selenium concentrations is associated with a reduced risk of AR. This provides additional support for research on the effects of micronutrients on allergic diseases.
Analysis of the ketamine binding to total plasma protein from domestic cats
Authors: Motta Victória Paradela Pereira , Silva Fernanda Ferreira da , Caruso Ícaro Putinhon , Goes Paulo Roberto Nunes de , Taffarel Marilda Onghero , Diniz Andrea , Seixas Flavio Augusto Vicente
Published: August 2024

A cetamina é um medicamento versátil amplamente utilizado nos ambientes clínico e hospitalar veterinário. A avaliação dos parâmetros de ligação da cetamina às proteínas plasmáticas totais de gatos domésticos fornece informações necessárias na determinação do parâmetro farmacocinético denominado volume de distribuição, o qual é utilizado para a prospecção de concentrações do medicamento em estudos clínicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de ligação da cetamina às proteínas plasmáticas totais, sua constante (Kb), e modo de ligação à albumina sérica em gatos. Após a aprovação do projeto pelo CEUA/UEM (protocolo 3292020621), uma mistura de plasma de seis animais (n=6) foi reforçada com concentrações de cetamina visando ultrafiltração com membrana de 10 kDa. Os níveis do fármaco antes e depois da ultrafiltração foram analisados pela técnica de Cromatografia Líquida acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (LC-MS/MS) e os resultados utilizados para calcular a taxa de ligação e a constante de ligação à albumina pelo gráfico de Scatchard. Simulações de docking identificaram os mais prováveis sítios de ligação à proteína. A taxa de ligação da cetamina foi de 65% quando o fármaco atingiu concentrações plasmáticas acima de 300 ng.mL-1, e a constante de ligação foi de 2×106 mol.L–1 com coeficiente de Hill (nH) de 2,3. Estes resultados mostram uma boa correlação entre os parâmetros físico-químicos do fármaco com a avaliação estrutural por meio de docking, além de coerência com os valores relatados por outras metodologias. Este trabalho traz informações sobre o comportamento de ligação da cetamina em proteínas plasmáticas de gatos, parâmetro importante para futuras avaliações farmacocinéticas na busca de melhores protocolos para uso clínico deste medicamento na área veterinária.
Rapid Learning of Temporal Dependencies at Multiple Timescales
Authors: Smith Cybelle M. , Thompson-Schill Sharon L. , Schapiro Anna C.
Published: August 2024

Our environment contains temporal information unfolding simultaneously at multiple timescales. How do we learn and represent these dynamic and overlapping information streams? We investigated these processes in a statistical learning paradigm with simultaneous short and long timescale contingencies. Human participants (n = 96) played a game where they learned to quickly click on a target image when it appeared in one of nine locations, in eight different contexts. Across contexts, we manipulated the order of target locations: at a short timescale, the order of pairs of sequential locations in which the target appeared; at a longer timescale, the set of locations that appeared in the first versus the second half of the game. Participants periodically predicted the upcoming target location, and later performed similarity judgments comparing the games based on their order properties. Participants showed context-dependent sensitivity to order information at both short and long timescales, with evidence of stronger learning for short timescales. We modeled the learning paradigm using a gated recurrent network trained to make immediate predictions, which demonstrated multilevel learning timecourses and patterns of sensitivity to the similarity structure of the games that mirrored human participants. The model grouped games with matching rule structure and dissociated games based on low-level order information more so than high-level order information. The work shows how humans and models can rapidly and concurrently acquire order information at different timescales.
CoCoNest: A continuous structural connectivity-based nested family of parcellations of the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Allen Adrian , Zhang Zhengwu , Nobel Andrew
Published: August 2024

Despite the widespread exploration and availability of parcellations for the functional connectome, parcellations designed for the structural connectome are comparatively limited. Current research suggests that there may be no single “correct” parcellation and that the human brain is intrinsically a multiresolution entity. In this work, we propose the Continuous Structural Connectivitity-based, Nested (CoCoNest) family of parcellations—a fully data-driven, multiresolution family of parcellations derived from structural connectome data. The CoCoNest family is created using agglomerative (bottom-up) clustering and error-complexity pruning, which strikes a balance between the complexity of each parcellation and how well it preserves patterns in vertex-level, high-resolution connectivity data. We draw on a comprehensive battery of internal and external evaluation metrics to show that the CoCoNest family is competitive with or outperforms widely used parcellations in the literature. Additionally, we show how the CoCoNest family can serve as an exploratory tool for researchers to investigate the multiresolution organization of the structural connectome.
Challenges in building scholarly knowledge graphs for research assessment in open science
Authors: Manghi Paolo
Published: August 2024

Open science has revolutionized scholarly communication and research assessment by introducing research data and software as first-class citizens. Scholarly knowledge graphs (SKGs) are expected to play a crucial role in generating research assessment indicators being able to aggregate bibliographic metadata records and semantic relationships describing all research products and their links (e.g., citations, affiliations, funding). However, the rapid advance of open science has led to publication workflows that do not adequately support and guarantee the authenticity of products and metadata quality required for research assessment. Additionally, the heterogeneity of research communities and the multitude of data sources and exchange formats complicate the provision of consistent and stable SKGs. This work builds upon the experience gained from pioneering and addressing these challenges in the OpenAIRE Graph SKG. The aim is twofold and broader. First, we identify obstacles to the creation of SKGs for research assessment caused by the state-of-the-art publishing workflows for publications, software, and data. Second, we describe repurposing SKGs as tools to monitor such workflows to identify and heal their shortcomings, taking advantage of tools, techniques, and practices that support the actors involved, namely research communities, scientists, organizations, data source providers, and SKG providers, to improve the Open Science scholarly publishing ecosystem.
The formulation of three Pochonia chlamydosporia isolates and their effectiveness as biocontrol agents of Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Imani Saeid , Moosavi Mohammad Reza , Zare Rasoul , Basirnia Tahere
Published: August 2024

The chlamydospore production of three Pochonia chlamydosporia isolates from two different varieties was evaluated on flaxseed and rice husk, testing their survival on talc, kaolin and maize cob powder. The effect of each formulation in suppressing Meloidogyne javanica on tomato was also investigated in glasshouse trials. For all isolates, the number of chlamydospores produced on flaxseed was about twice that observed on rice husk (i.e., 8 weeks after inoculation, isolate IRAN 1119 C produced 98 × 106 and 50 × 106 chlamydospores on flaxseed and rice husk, respectively). Isolate IRAN 1212 C produced more chlamydospores with longer lifespan compared with the other fungi. IRAN 1212 C on maize cob powder could reduce M. javanica by 95% at a level similar to fluopyram. This prototype formulation had a superior effect in establishing the fungus in the rhizosphere and on roots, suppressing the nematode and increasing plant growth. The three P. chlamydosporia isolates reproduced well on flaxseed and could last longer if formulated on maize cob powder, which appears suitable to produce an effective powdered formulation.
A Note on Klb yārh in al-Bīrūnī’s Autobibliography
Authors: Kahl Oliver
Published: August 2024

This short article proposes two possible explanations of the opaque term klb yārh (كلب ياره), which makes an isolated appearance in the autobibliography of Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī (d. ca. 440/1048). There, it is registered as the title of an otherwise unknown Indian medical work which al-Bīrūnī himself says he translated from Sanskrit into Arabic.
Micromeria silicii, a new species from Croatia and its relationships with taxa of the M. microphylla group (Lamiaceae)
Authors: BOGDANOVIĆ SANDRO , LJUBIČIĆ IVICA , SÁEZ LLORENÇ , BRULLO SALVATORE
Published: August 2024

Micromeria silicii, a new species from St. Andrea (Svetac) and Biševo Islands of Dalmatia (Croatia) is described and illustrated. Previously, it was attributed to M. microphylla, but careful morphological investigation allowed to differentiate it from the latter. In order to emphasize the relationships with the other taxa currentelly attributed to M. microphylla group were examined also M. acropolitana, M. cypria, M. carpatha, M. hispida, M. sphaciotica and M. rodriguezii, which are distributed in various territories of the Mediterranean area. All these species were studied from the taxonomical, nomenclatural and chorological point of view, as well as a new icononography was provided for some of them. Besides, an analitical key for all investigated species is given too.
A new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, ser. Piresianae) from the Brazilian Midwest
Authors: NOGUEIRA LUAN H.P. , MORALES MATÍAS , SARTORI ÂNGELA L.B.
Published: August 2024

A new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, ser. Piresianae) from Brazil is described and illustrated in this article, along with a short description about the morphological and anatomical traits to fire-resilience in dry forests in Rupestrian Grasslands. In addition, we report the synopsis for the ser. Piresianae, its distribution, its habitat and provide an identification key for the species.
Development of Polar Lows in Future Climate Scenarios over the Barents Sea
Authors: Lin Ting , Rutgersson Anna , Wu Lichuan
Published: August 2024

Polar lows (PLs) are intense mesoscale cyclones that form over polar oceans during colder months. Characterized by high wind speeds and heavy precipitation, they profoundly impact coastal communities, shipping, and offshore activities. Amid the substantial environmental changes in polar regions due to global warming, PLs are expected to undergo noteworthy transformations. In this study, we investigate the response of PL development in the Barents Sea to climate warming based on two representative PLs. Sensitivity experiments were conducted including the PLs in the present climate and the PLs in a pseudo–global warming scenario projected by the late twenty-first century for Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP 3-7.0 scenarios from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In both warming climate scenarios, there is an anticipated decrease in PL intensity, in terms of the maximum surface wind speed and minimum sea level pressure. Despite the foreseen increase in latent heat release in the future climate, contributing to the enhancement of PL intensity, other primary factors such as decreased baroclinic instability, heightened atmospheric static stability, and reduced overall surface heat fluxes play pivotal roles in the overall decrease in PL intensity in the Barents Sea under warming conditions. The augmentation of surface latent heat flux, however, results in increased precipitation associated with PLs by enhancing the latent heat release. Furthermore, the regional steering flow shifts in the warming climate can influence the trajectory of PLs during their development.

Significance Statement

Global warming is anticipated to impact cyclone systems worldwide. Polar lows (PLs), intense mesocyclones in polar regions with potential socioeconomic and human life implications, pose uncertainties regarding intensity changes in a warming climate. In this study, we aimed to better understand how PLs over the Barents Sea will respond to the environmental changes in future climate conditions [Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2-4.5 and SSP 3-7.0] by the end of the twenty-first century. Our results find that the intensity of PLs is expected to decrease in the future while there is an expected increase in precipitation associated with PLs in the warming climate. These findings aim to contribute valuable insights for disaster management strategies in the face of evolving climate scenarios.
Rodrigo Duterte as “the Trump of Asia”? The Limits and Pitfalls of Thin Comparison
Authors: Garrido Marco
Published: August 2024

The former Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte often gets lumped together with the former U.S. president Donald Trump on the basis of their autocratic practices. However, there are crucial differences in their respective situations and the reception of their autocratic practices on the ground. Consequently, if we understand Duterte only through Trump or with reference to the category of “emerging autocrat” then we end up misunderstanding the situation in the Philippines. This article is about the limits and pitfalls of thin comparison and the necessity of thicker ones. It advocates understanding practices embedded in the social structures and processes that make them meaningful. I proceed as follows: I present the case of Rodrigo Duterte and review the grounds for lumping him along with Trump as an emerging autocrat. I then pursue a thicker comparison of Duterte and Trump, putting their support in economic, social, political, and historical context and highlighting substantial differences in their respective situations. Finally, I argue that thin comparisons are especially susceptible to interpretive biases in general and highlight three such biases—toward contemporaneity, continuity, and centrality—using the case of Duterte to illustrate.
Periodontal Ligament Cell Apoptosis Activates Lepr+ Osteoprogenitors in Orthodontics
Authors: Liu H. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. , Huang Y. , Yang Y. , Zhao Y. , Chen S. , Deng J. , Li W. , Han B.
Published: August 2024

Alveolar bone (AB) remodeling, including formation and absorption, is the foundation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, the sources and mechanisms underlying new bone formation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to understand the potential mechanism of bone formation during OTM, focusing on the leptin receptor+ (Lepr+) osteogenitors and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). We demonstrated that Lepr+ cells activated by force-induced PDLC apoptosis served as distinct osteoprogenitors during orthodontic bone regeneration. We investigated bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and lineage tracing demonstrated that Lepr represents a subcluster of stem cells that are activated and differentiate into osteoblasts during OTM. Targeted ablation of Lepr+ cells in a mouse model disrupted orthodontic force–guided bone regeneration. Furthermore, apoptosis and sequential fluorescent labeling assays revealed that the apoptosis of PDLCs preceded new bone deposition. We found that PDL stem cell–derived apoptotic vesicles activated Lepr+ cells in vitro. Following apoptosis inhibition, orthodontic force–activated osteoprogenitors and osteogenesis were significantly downregulated. Notably, we found that bone formation occurred on the compression side during OTM; this has been first reported here. To conclude, we found a potential mechanism of bone formation during OTM that may provide new insights into AB regeneration.
Enhancing Self-Affirmation to Combat Obsessive-Compulsive Thoughts
Authors: Son Youngji
Published: August 2024

Drawing upon the Cycle of Adaptive Potential model from Self-Affirmation Theory, this autoethnographic study analyzed how a sense of accomplishment and social connection could foster a self-affirming identity through tasks—particularly through the practice of writing—and thereby be effective in managing obsessive-compulsive thoughts. The primary data consisted of notes compiled by the author over the last 2 years, documenting his experiences with obsessive-compulsive thoughts and the process of overcoming them. A thematic analysis was conducted on the data to identify recurring patterns and themes. The findings of the study suggested that if a task could elicit feelings of accomplishment and social contribution, individuals with obsessive-compulsive thoughts might sustain engagement with the task, thereby facilitating the subsequent development of self-affirmation. This process could lead to the establishment of a self-affirming identity, potentially overshadowing the obsessive-compulsive disorder identity.
The Mediating Effect of Social Participation Restriction on the Association Between Role Overload and Mental Health Among Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Wang Fei , Kapur Ishita , Mukherjee Namrata , Wang Kun
Published: August 2024

Caregivers of older adults with dementia (dementia caregivers) often experience high role overload (i.e., feeling overwhelmed by caregiving demands that exceed available resources), which can take a toll on their mental health. Moreover, dementia caregiving can restrict caregivers’ participation in valued social activities. This study aims to examine the mediating effect of social participation restriction on the relationship between role overload and mental health among dementia caregivers. A total of 894 dementia caregivers (mean age = 61.77) were selected from the National Study of Caregiving. The sample was predominantly women (64%) and White (78%). Path analysis shows that social participation restriction partially mediated the associations between (1) role overload and psychological distress (indirect effect β = .08, p < .001) and (2) role overload and psychological wellbeing (indirect effect β = −.05, p < .05). Interventions targeting coping strategies and healthcare-recreation programs are needed to improve social participation among dementia caregivers.
“We Can’t Work With Them, We Can’t Work Without Them”: The Police-Victim Advocacy Nexus in Processing Sexual Offenses in the Nigerian Justice System
Authors: Aborisade Richard Abayomi , Adeleke Oladele Adelere , Ebobo Urowoli Christiana , Ogunmefun Folorunsho Muyideen , Chineyemba Lydia Isioma , Adegoke Niyi , Adedayo Samuel Sunday
Published: August 2024

Previous studies posited that survivors of rape receive better treatment from the police when advocates are involved and the police embrace collaboration. However, the collaborative relationship between the Nigerian police and rape victim advocates has yet to receive scholarly attention. To address this, a qualitative study was conducted, with 24 police officers of sexual offense units in six Police Commands, and 50 rape victim advocates from 28 advocacy groups. A thematic analysis of the narratives was carried out. Findings indicated problematic police-advocate collaboration in the process of reporting, interviewing, investigating, and prosecuting rape cases. Advocates stated that officers exhibited rape myth acceptance. Officers stated that advocates often display aggressive approaches in interfering with interviews, are ignorant of police procedures, and often wrongly accuse officers of corrupt practices. These findings have important practical, policy, and further research implications if criminal justice efficiencies and ideal victim support services are to be achieved.
Foreign Director Exit in the Midst of Deteriorating Bilateral Political Relations
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Xu Yuehua , Yiu Daphne W.
Published: August 2024

Amid global geopolitical realism pushing for a race of hegemonic rivalry nowadays, an outflow of global human talents is a pressing organizational concern. Our study draws attention to the underexamined phenomenon of the exit of foreign directors from their host countries during geopolitical tensions. Theorizing from a sensemaking logic, we posit that the deterioration of bilateral political relations serves as an unexpected event that activates foreign directors’ schemas for dual identity conflict, propelling them to react behaviorally to such identity threats by exiting the board in the host country. In addition, we further posit that the sensemaking process is contingent on how the foreign director draws cues from the embedded social context, including organizational identification, socialization and homophily effect, and socioemotional climate. Our empirical analyses from a sample of 1,014 foreign directors in China from 1999 to 2018 provide strong and robust support for the hypotheses. This study instills important theoretical insights into the transcending impacts of international relations and geopolitics, international governance and foreign directors, and the situated cognitive process of sensemaking regarding the intertwining effects of cognitive schema and social contexts.
Refusing pathology: Black redaction in Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth
Authors: Ventura David
Published: August 2024

The final chapter of Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth includes several psychiatric case histories that speak to the indelible effects of the deathly atmospherics of colonialism on the psychology of the colonized. Though Fanon reveals that these case histories are drawn from his own clinical practice in Algeria, he almost entirely refuses to contextualize their inclusion in the text, and even warns that his presentation intentionally ‘avoid[s] any semiological, nosological, or therapeutic discussion’. In this article, I read Fanon’s case histories in Wretched in terms of Christina Sharpe’s notion of Black redaction, which she adumbrates in her In the Wake: On Blackness and Being as a critical strategy for ‘imagining otherwise’ that seeks to counter the generalized anti-Black atmosphere that still governs the world in the wake of transatlantic slavery. My argument is that in presenting the case histories of Wretched in refusal of dominant psychiatric discourses, Fanon engages a Black redactive strategy that aims to imagine the psychological effects of colonization otherwise than through the pathologizing colonial frames by which racialized and colonized lives are systematically rendered invisible. Further, I contend that reading Fanon’s case histories in such Black redactive terms enables us to recognize that his clinically inflected political thought is not premised on a valuation of pathology, as has been argued by his Black optimist (Fred Moten) and Afro-pessimist (Jared Sexton) readers alike. In fact, as I conclude by arguing in response to these readings, at play in Fanon’s Black redactive strategy in Wretched is not a valuation of pathology, but the matter of its transvaluation.
What Determines Civil Servants’ Error Response? Evidence From a Conjoint Experiment
Authors: Fischer Caroline , Weißmüller Kristina S.
Published: August 2024

To err is human and learning from mistakes is essential for finding viable solutions to grand societal challenges through development and innovation. Yet, public organizations often exhibit a punitive zero-error culture, and public employees are stereotyped as error and risk-averse. Little is known about the underlying behavioral mechanisms that determine civil servants’ likelihood of handling errors positively, namely reporting and correcting them instead of ignoring and hiding them to avoid blame. Based on the transactional theory of stress coping, we argue that individuals’ error-handling strategies relate to both rational and emotional evaluations of error-specific and consequential contextual factors. Using a conjoint survey experiment conducted with N = 276 civil servants in Germany ( Obs. = 1,104), this study disentangles the effects of error-related, individual, and organization-cultural factors as decisive drivers of individuals’ error response. We find that error characteristics (type and harmfulness) determine error-handling behavior, which is revealed to be independent from organizational error culture and individual error orientation, providing important and novel insights for theory and practice.
Wear Your Pants out and Be Happy! Clothing Consumption Curtailment and Consumer Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Vesterinen Essi , Lee Michael S.W. , Luomala Harri T.
Published: August 2024

This research addresses the role of different phases of consumption—anticipation, acquisition, and usage—in the relationship between clothing consumption curtailment (CCC) and increased consumer subjective well-being (CSWB). Building on past research, we theorize and empirically explore whether increased CSWB is explained by a change in focus from acquisition to usage. Through a content analysis of 140 blog posts from clothes shopping detoxers, we unearth how reduced acquisition and intensive and extended usage manifest in CCC practices. Furthermore, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to representative survey data (N = 661) to show that focusing on acquisition reduction is not associated with CSWB, while intensive and extended usage are positively associated with CSWB. In addition, we establish that this relationship is partially mediated by improved body image. Our results open a path for further research, and can be utilized in social marketing to promote the intensive usage rather than acquisition of clothing.
Une collaboration entre sociologues et mathématiciennes : entretiens (auto)biographiques, ethos mathématicien et carrières féminines au Chili
Authors: Hersant Jeanne , Gajardo Andrea Vera , Trumper Mariel Saez
Published: August 2024

Résumé

Cet article rend compte d’un processus de recherche sur le champ des mathématiques au Chili, et en particulier sur la carrière des femmes dans le milieu scientifique, et l’ethos mathématicien. Ce projet a été mené à bien par une équipe de chercheur·e·s composée à parité de sociologues et mathématiciennes, ce qui constitue selon nous une expérience innovante d’interdisciplinarité. Nous l’abordons ici de façon réflexive, en la situant par rapport à la littérature sur l’interdisciplinarité et l’épistémologie féministe. Ensuite, nous présentons la méthodologie que nous avons mise en œuvre, celle des entretiens biographiques articulée à l’auto-ethnographie des mathématiciennes de l’équipe. Nous souhaitons enfin mettre en lumière les hiatus que cette collaboration interdisciplinaire a permis d’identifier, et les enseignements que nous en avons tiré quant à la constitution de l’ethos mathématicien.
Battles and crossings of methods: Sequence analysis and geometric data analysis for the study of professional careers
Authors: Michon Sébastien
Published: August 2024

This article proposes to discuss the exploratory use of two quantitative methods: on the one hand sequence analysis combined with optimal matching methods, and on the other hand geometric data analysis, more specifically multiple correspondence analysis and principal component analysis, combined with hierarchical ascending classifications. The aim is not to determine whether one method is more effective than another, nor to pit them against each other. The aim is to identify similarities and differences, and, more generally, to reflect on the cross-use of quantitative methods. The approach is decidedly practical and reflective. It consists of opening up the kitchen of implementation through a case study: build a typology of the professional futures of the accredited parliamentary assistants at the European Parliament. The paper defends the idea that typologies are tools and stages in analysis. Putting these methods to the test in this way aims to highlight several issues, suggest avenues of analysis, and highlight the need to explore the data using a variety of tools. This text is an invitation to compare and combine methods, and to use them in a considered and non-mechanical way, taking into account their strengths but also their weaknesses, which are also instructive.
A deep learning-based real-time hypothermia and hyperthermia monitoring system with a simple body sensor
Authors: Yazlik Egemen Nazife , Saracoglu Omer Galip
Published: August 2024

A real-time hypothermia and hyperthermia monitoring system with a simple body sensor based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is presented. The sensor is produced with 3D-printed thermochromic material. Due to the color change feature of thermochromic materials with temperature, 3D-printed thermochromic Polylactic Acid (PLA) material was used to monitor temperature changes visually. In this paper, we have used the transfer learning technique and fine-tuned the AlexNet CNN. Thirty images for each temperature class between 28–44°C and 510 image data were used in the algorithm. We used 80% and 20% of the data for training and validation. We achieved 96.1% accuracy of validation with a fine-tuned AlexNet CNN. The material’s characteristics suggest that it could be employed in delicate temperature sensing and monitoring applications, particularly for hypothermia and hyperthermia.
Navigating the role of transport and energy taxes on carbon neutrality in Poland: A Fourier-based approach
Authors: Karlilar Pata Selin , Erdogan Sinan , Kartal Mustafa Tevfik , Pata Ugur Korkut
Published: August 2024

As part of the Green Deal, European countries have set themselves the target of halving carbon emissions by 2050. Environmental taxes are a powerful tool of environmental regulations to minimize carbon emissions, and they can play a significant role in ecological development. Poland is one of the countries that generates the most environmental tax revenues among European countries. In this context, the study analyzes the impact of energy and transport taxes on carbon emissions for Poland within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Accordingly, the study applies the Fourier autoregressive distributed lag approach to the data for the period 1995/Q1–2022/Q4. The results demonstrate that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid for Poland, (ii) energy taxes support carbon neutrality targets, and (iii) transport taxes have no impact on carbon emissions. Compatible with the results, the study suggests that the Polish government should prioritize energy taxes over transport taxes and expand them to minimize carbon emissions.
Understanding Social Judgments of and Proclivities to Commit Upskirting
Authors: Fido Dean , Harper Craig A. , Duff Simon , Page Thomas E.
Published: August 2024

Against a backdrop of legislative change that sees the taking of private sexual images underneath the clothing of a non-consenting other being made a criminal offence – upskirting – there is a need to understand the public’s judgments of and motivations to perpetrate said behavior. In this study ( N = 490), we investigated whether judgments of upskirting differed as a function of the sex of the person who was upskirted (male, female) and their perceived attractiveness (attractive, unattractive), as well as how variation in voyeuristic interest, belief in a just world, and dark personality traits predicted judgments of and proclivity to engage in upskirting. We consistently observed more lenient judgments of upskirting behavior when the person who was upskirted was attractive and male, with such judgements predicted by older age across all conditions. Moreover, proclivity to engage in upskirting was predicted by past voyeuristic behaviors, higher psychopathic personality, and being male and of older age. We discuss our findings in the context of needing to qualitatively understand the rationale underpinning these judgments, combating barriers to disclose victimization, and practitioner implications.