bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stacking‐Fault Enhanced Oxygen Redox in Li2MnO3
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Xinhao , Monluc Lisa , Chen Benjamin , Tang Mingxue , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Feng Xuyong , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Urban Alexander , Hu Yan‐Yan
Published: March 2022

Lattice oxygen redox yields anomalous capacity and can significantly increase the energy density of layered Li‐rich transition metal oxide cathodes, garnering tremendous interest. However, the mechanism behind O redox in these cathode materials is still under debate, in part due to the challenges in directly observing O and following associated changes upon electrochemical cycling. Here, with 17O NMR as a direct probe of O activities, it is demonstrated that stacking faults enhance O redox participation compared with Li2MnO3 domains without stacking faults. This work is concluded by combining both ex situ and in situ 17O NMR to investigate the evolution of O at 4i, 8j sites from monoclinic C2/m and 6c(1), 6c(2), 6c(3) sites from the stacking faults (P3112). These measurements are further corroborated and explained by first‐principles calculations finding a stabilization effect of stacking faults in delithiated Li2MnO3. In situ 17O NMR tracks O activities with temporal resolution and provides a quantitative determination of reversible O redox versus irreversible processes that form short covalent OO bonds. This work provides valuable insights into the O redox reactions in Li‐excess layered cathodes, which may inspire new material design for cathodes with high specific capacity.
Risk factors and long‐term postoperative outcomes in patients with postoperative dysphagia after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Sugase Takahito , Miyata Hiroshi , Sugimura Keijiro , Kanemura Takashi , Takeoka Tomohira , Yamamoto Masaaki , Shinno Naoki , Hara Hisashi , Omori Takeshi , Yano Masahiko
Published: March 2022

Aim

Dysphagia is one of the most common complications after esophagectomy. However, no study has investigated the long‐term postoperative outcomes in patients with postoperative dysphagia. Here, we aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative dysphagia and to investigate long‐term postoperative outcomes in such patients.

Methods

This study included 304 consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent curative esophagectomy. They were diagnosed with postoperative dysphagia through a contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing study, and postoperative outcomes were compared based on swallowing function.

Results

In total, 112 patients (37%) were diagnosed with postoperative dysphagia. Older age, low BMI, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative dysphagia. In the dysphagia group, a significantly larger number of patients developed in‐hospital pneumonia, and hospital stays were also significantly extended. After discharge, 37 (33%) patients with postoperative dysphagia developed pneumonia. Even more than 1 year after esophagectomy, a significantly larger number of patients (24 patients, 21%) with postoperative dysphagia developed pneumonia compared to those without postoperative dysphagia. Postoperative dysphagia was identified as an independent risk factor for out‐of‐hospital pneumonia. Regarding nutritional status, there was no difference in weight loss 1 year after esophagectomy, but significant weight loss was observed 2 years after esophagectomy in the dysphagia group.

Conclusion

Postoperative dysphagia was associated with both preoperative patient factors and surgical factors. Moreover, patients with postoperative dysphagia had long‐term and short‐term pneumonia risk. The personalization of long‐term follow‐up through more aggressive rehabilitation and nutritional guidance is required for patients with postoperative dysphagia.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with light chain amyloidosis treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone ± daratumumab: Results from the ANDROMEDA study
Authors: Sanchorawala Vaishali , Palladini Giovanni , Minnema Monique C. , Jaccard Arnaud , Lee Hans C. , Gibbs Simon , Mollee Peter , Venner Christopher , Lu Jin , Schönland Stefan , Gatt Moshe , Suzuki Kenshi , Kim Kihyun , Cibeira María Teresa , Beksac Meral , Libby Edward , Valent Jason , Hungria Vania , Wong Sandy W. , Rosenzweig Michael , Bumma Naresh , Chauveau Dominique , Gries Katharine S. , Fastenau John , Tran Nam Phuong , Qin Xiang , Vasey Sandra Y. , Weiss Brendan M. , Vermeulen Jessica , Ho Kai Fai , Merlini Giampaolo , Comenzo Raymond L. , Kastritis Efstathios , Wechalekar Ashutosh D.
Published: March 2022

In the phase 3 ANDROMEDA trial, patients treated with daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (D‐VCd) had significantly higher rates of organ and hematologic response compared with patients who received VCd alone. Here, we present patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) from the ANDROMEDA trial. PROs were assessed through cycle 6 using three standardized questionnaires. Treatment effect through cycle 6 was measured by a repeated‐measures, mixed‐effects model. The magnitude of changes in PROs versus baseline was generally low, but between‐group differences favored the D‐VCd group. Results were generally consistent irrespective of hematologic, cardiac, or renal responses. More patients in the D‐VCd group experienced meaningful improvements in PROs; median time to improvement was more rapid in the D‐VCd group versus the VCd group. After cycle 6, patients in the D‐VCd group received daratumumab monotherapy and their PRO assessments continued, with improvements in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) reported through cycle 19. PROs of subgroups with renal and cardiac involvement were consistent with those of the intent‐to‐treat population. These results demonstrate that the previously reported clinical benefits of D‐VCd were achieved without decrement to patients' HRQoL and provide support of D‐VCd in patients with AL amyloidosis.
Vision loss caused by immunoglobulin G4–related disease of the skull base complicated by a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus
Authors: Detiger Sanne E. , Paridaens Dion , Verdijk Robert M. , van Laar Jan A.M. , Dammers Ruben , Monserez Dominiek A. , Nagtegaal A. Paul
Published: March 2022

Background

Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a fibro‐inflammatory disorder and manifestation in de paranasal and sphenoid sinus is well recognized. In this patient, IgG4‐RD presented in an unusual manner with vision loss due to mucocele formation in the sphenoid sinus.

Case Description

A 19‐year‐old man, with an unremarkable medical history, was referred with decreased vision in the left eye, headaches, and a sharp pain in the left orbit and ear. Compression of the left optic nerve due to a large mucocele caused papillary edema and emergency endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele was performed. When the vision decreased again, a more extensive decompressing sphenoidotomy was performed. Histopathology showed IgG4‐RD. Despite dexamethasone, the lesion expanded to the anterior skull base and the patient required repeat endoscopic surgery. After 3 months, a decrease in smell and vision warranted for a fourth extensive endoscopic decompressing surgery, complicated by a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Prednisone and later rituximab were commenced. Unfortunately, the patient reported a complete loss of vision after 4 months of rituximab due to increased mass effect on the optic nerve. An extensive combined craniofacial‐endoscopic surgery was performed to remove the entire mucocele and to prevent further contralateral and intracranial progression. Methylprednisolone monthly was commenced to prevent further complications.

Discussion

This case illustrates that in therapy‐resistant sino‐orbital IgG4‐RD, extensive surgery might be necessary at an earlier stage. It may even be the only option to prevent irreversible damage to the surrounding tissues. A multidisciplinary approach in the management of sino‐orbital IgG4‐RD is therefore warranted.
Photoaffinity Capture Compounds to Profile the Magic Spot Nucleotide Interactomes**
Authors: Haas Thomas M. , Laventie Benoît‐Joseph , Lagies Simon , Harter Caroline , Prucker Isabel , Ritz Danilo , Saleem‐Batcha Raspudin , Qiu Danye , Hüttel Wolfgang , Andexer Jennifer , Kammerer Bernd , Jenal Urs , Jessen Henning J.
Published: March 2022

Magic Spot Nucleotides (MSN) regulate the stringent response, a highly conserved bacterial stress adaptation mechanism, enabling survival under adverse external challenges. In times of antibiotic crisis, a detailed understanding of stringent response is essential, as potentially new targets for pharmacological intervention could be identified. In this study, we delineate the MSN interactome in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium applying a family of trifunctional photoaffinity capture compounds. We introduce MSN probes covering a diverse phosphorylation pattern, such as pppGpp, ppGpp, and pGpp. Our chemical proteomics approach provides datasets of putative MSN receptors both from cytosolic and membrane fractions that unveil new MSN targets. We find that the activity of the non‐Nudix hydrolase ApaH is potently inhibited by pppGpp, which itself is converted to pGpp by ApaH. The capture compounds described herein will be useful to identify MSN interactomes across bacterial species.
Steric Modulation of Spiro Structure for Highly Efficient Multiple Resonance Emitters
Authors: Qu Yang‐Kun , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Kong Fan‐Cheng , Zheng Qi , Tang Xun , Zhu Yuan‐Hao , Huang Chen‐Chao , Feng Zi‐Qi , Fan Jian , Adachi Chihaya , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Zuo‐Quan
Published: March 2022

A multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) molecule with a fused, planar architecture tends to aggregate at high doping ratios, resulting in broad full width at half maximum (FWHM), redshifting electroluminescence peaks, and low device efficiency. Herein, we propose a mono‐substituted design strategy by introducing spiro‐9,9′‐bifluorene (SBF) units with different substituted sites into the MR‐TADF system for the first time. As a classic steric group,SBFcan hinder interchromophore interactions, leading to high device efficiency (32.2–35.9 %) and narrow‐band emission (≈27 nm). Particularly, the shield‐like molecule,SF1BN, seldom exhibits a broadened FWHM as the doping ratio rises, which differs from the C3‐substituted isomer and unhindered parent emitter. These results manifest an effective method for constructing highly efficient MR‐TADF emitters through a spiro strategy and elucidate the feasibility for steric modulation of the spiro structure in π‐framework.
High‐Potential Cathodes with Nitrogen Active Centres for Quasi‐Solid Proton‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Dongyang , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: March 2022

Although proton‐ion batteries have received considerable attention owing to their reliability, safety, toxin‐free nature, and low cost, their development remains in the early stages because of lacking proper electrolytes and cathodes for facilitating a high output voltage and stable cycle performance. We present a novel cathode based on active nitrogen centre, which provides a flat discharge plateau at 1 V with a capacity of 115 mAh g−1 and excellent stability. Moreover, a quasi‐solid electrolyte was developed to overcome the issue of corrosion, broaden the potential window of the electrolyte, and prevent the active material from dissolving. While using the unique as‐developed electrolyte, the newly designed cathode retained 89.67 % of its original capacity after 2000 cycles. Finally, we demonstrated the excellent cycle performance of the as‐developed metal‐free, flexible, soft‐packed battery. Notably, even when a portion of the battery was cut off, it continued to function normally.
Light‐Enhanced Osmotic Energy Harvester Using Photoactive Porphyrin Metal–Organic Framework Membranes
Authors: Li Zhong‐Qiu , Zhu Guan‐Long , Mo Ri‐Jian , Wu Ming‐Yang , Ding Xin‐Lei , Huang Li‐Qiu , Wu Zeng‐Qiang , Xia Xing‐Hua
Published: March 2022

High ion selectivity and permeability, as two contradictory aspects for the membrane design, highly hamper the development of osmotic energy harvesting technologies. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with ultra‐small and high‐density pores and functional surface groups show great promise in tackling these problems. Here, we propose a facile and mild cathodic deposition method to directly prepare crack‐free porphyrin MOF membranes on a porous anodic aluminum oxide for osmotic energy harvesting. The abundant carboxyl groups of the functionalized porphyrin ligands together with the nanoporous structure endows the MOF membrane with high cation selectivity and ion permeability, thus a large output power density of 6.26 W m−2 is achieved. The photoactive porphyrin ligands further lead to an improvement of the power density to 7.74 W m−2 upon light irradiation. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of high‐performance osmotic energy harvesting systems.
Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor–Acceptor Photoactivation Using Thianthrenium Salts
Authors: Cabrera‐Afonso María Jesús , Granados Albert , Molander Gary A.
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of sulfides has been widely studied because this functional subunit is prevalent in biomolecules and pharmaceuticals, as well as being a useful synthetic platform for further elaboration. Thus, various methods to build C−S bonds have been developed, but typically they require the use of precious metals or harsh conditions. Electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation strategies have emerged as versatile and sustainable ways to achieve C−S bond formation, avoiding challenges associated with previous methods. This work describes an open‐to‐air, photoinduced, site‐selective C−H thioetherification from readily available reagents via EDA complex formation that tolerates a wide range of different functional groups. Moreover, C(sp2)−halogen bonds remain intact using this protocol, allowing late‐stage installation of the sulfide motif in various bioactive scaffolds, while allowing yet further modification through more traditional C−X bond cleavage protocols. Additionally, various mechanistic investigations support the envisioned EDA complex scenario.
Achieving low‐thermal conductivity and high β phase in PVDF/PMMA blend foams via low‐pressure microcellular foaming
Authors: Weng Zhengsheng , Wu Minghui , Ren Qian , Li Wanwan , Zhu Xiuyu , Wang Long , Li Hui , Zheng Wenge
Published: March 2022

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foam exhibits wider applications than traditional foams such as polyethylene and polystyrene foams due to its good corrosion resistance, flame retardant and wide operating temperature range. However, PVDF is difficult to foam and rigorous operating conditions including high pressure and high temperature were unavoidably adopted to prepare PVDF foams. Herein, microcellular PVDF foam was successfully fabricated with the combination of adding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and batch foaming at mild processing condition. Compared to the pure PVDF foam with a low‐expansion‐ratio of 1.1 times, the PVDF/PMMA (70/30) blend foam showed an expansion ratio as high as 20 times together with a small cell size of approximately 5 μm. Additionally, the prepared PVDF/PMMA blend foam exhibited a low‐thermal conductivity (0.039 w m−1 k−1) and high content of β‐phase crystal (95%), which shows promising application in areas like electronic devices, thermal insulation and packaging materials.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly of Paracymoriza distinctalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae)
Authors: Chen Xiaoning , Zhu Wenbo , Wang Biao , Wang Yuqi , You Ping
Published: March 2022

Paracymoriza distinctalis is a semiaquatic lepidopteran insect, which is of great value for studying the differentiation of the Pyraloidea superfamily. However, the understanding of heredity, evolution, and functional genomics of P. distinctalis are limited by few genome‐wide resources. Here, we applied PacBio sequencing and the chromosome capture technique to assemble the first P. distinctalis genome from a single female individual. The genome size is 1.2 Gb with 32 chromosomes and the N50 is 38.91 Mb. Approximately 576.37 Mb, accounting for 48.93% of the genome, was identified as repeats. The genome comprises 39,003 protein‐coding genes, 66.56% of which were functionally annotated. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that the common ancestor of P. distinctalis and Chilo suppressalis lived ~83.5 million years ago. This chromosome‐level genome assembly work is not only conducive to the understanding of P. distinctalis, but also may promote the study of the genomes of other lepidopteran species.
Biosynthesis of zerovalent iron nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and decoloration of textile dyes
Authors: Anasdass Jaculin Raiza , Kannaiyan Pandian , Gopinath Subhash C.B.
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate a green chemistry approach to synthesize narrow‐sized zerovalent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaf extract as reducing and capping agent. The produced nZVI was characterized by various instrumental methods including ultraviolet–visible spectra, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the electron microscopy observations, the particle size was estimated to be ∼30 nm. In VSM, the saturation point of magnetization was observed to be 0.6 emu g−1 under a magnetic field of 0 ± 30 kOe. The synthesized nZVI was amorphous in nature as per the XRD results. The catalytic activity of the nZVI was employed for the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and decoloration of textile dyes such as methylene blue, methyl orange, and malachite green, respectively. The proposed nZVI synthesis method exhibited better catalytic performance toward reduction of 4‐NP and degradation of dyes within 4 min for 0.1 mg of catalyst. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst nZVI can be recoverable and reutilized in many cycles without loss of its significant catalytic activity. The synthesized nZVI could be a promising material to treat industrial wastewater via profitable, sustainable, and ecofriendly approaches.
Thermoluminescence dosimetric attributes of Yb3+‐doped BaO–ZnO–LiF–B2O3 glass material after Er3+ co‐doping
Authors: Prabhu Nimitha S. , Sharmila K. , Karunakara N. , Almousa Nouf , Sayyed M. I. , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: March 2022

Motivated by our previous study on Sm3+ ions as thermoluminescence (TL) sensitizers to the BaO–ZnO–LiF–B2O3–Yb2O3 glass system, in the current study we examined the effect of Er3+ ion co‐doping on the TL characteristics of this glass system. The 4f–4f electronic transitions of the Er3+ and Yb3+ ions were confirmed via the optical absorption spectrum. Notably, the use of Yb3+–Er3+ ions failed to improve the TL intensity, sensitivity, and trap density. However, they enabled the glass system to function as an activator–quencher system. The linearity range and effective atomic number remained unaffected after co‐doping. In addition, the problem of anomalous fading caused a remnant signal of just 58% after a week of storage of the Yb3+ monodoped glass. This was resolved by the optimum co‐doping of Er3+ ions to achieve an 89% signal. The co‐doping of Er3+ ions to the BaO–ZnO–LiF–B2O3–Yb2O3 glass system regulated its thermal stability and therefore supplemented its potential for radiation monitoring in food processing and retrospective dosimetry.
Gut microbiome–micronutrient interaction: The key to controlling the bioavailability of minerals and vitamins?
Authors: Barone Monica , D'Amico Federica , Brigidi Patrizia , Turroni Silvia
Published: March 2022

Micronutrients, namely, vitamins and minerals, are necessary for the proper functioning of the human body, and their deficiencies can have dramatic short‐ and long‐term health consequences. Among the underlying causes, certainly a reduced dietary intake and/or poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract play a key role in decreasing their bioavailability. Recent evidence from clinical and in vivo studies suggests an increasingly important contribution from the gut microbiome. Commensal microorganisms can in fact regulate the levels of micronutrients, both by intervening in the biosynthetic processes and by modulating their absorption. This short narrative review addresses the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in influencing the bioavailability of vitamins (such as A, B, C, D, E, and K) and minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorous), as well as the impact of these micronutrients on microbiome composition and functionality. Personalized microbiome‐based intervention strategies could therefore constitute an innovative tool to counteract micronutrient deficiencies by modulating the gut microbiome toward an eubiotic configuration capable of satisfying the needs of our organism, while promoting general health.
Determinant factors and business strategy in a sustainable business model: An explorative analysis for the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies
Authors: Cui Yue , Cao Yunmeng , Ji Yijun , Chang I‐Shin , Wu Jing
Published: March 2022

Innovation strategies for the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies include not only new technologies for resource utilization of solid waste but also sustainable business models to support the adoption of these technologies. This study presents how to incorporate the determinant factors affecting technology promotion and business strategy into a sustainable business model for the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies. A systematic literature review summarizes the determinant factors affecting the aforementioned promotion, including market‐, policy‐, company‐, and technology‐related factors. Combined with the theoretical background of the sustainable business model, this study analyzes that for the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies from value dimensions (value proposition, value creation & delivery, and value capture) and sustainability dimensions (economic, social, and environmental). We confirm the importance of incorporating determinant factors into the sustainable business model from the analysis of the Daye Non‐Ferrous Metal Recycling Park. Our case study proposes that innovation of the sustainable business model needs to drive changes in business strategy. To promote the aforementioned technologies, we propose an Internet‐based technology service platform as the core strategy of the sustainable business model. As the private sector, technology companies can make full use of technological innovation, public policies, and the market environment to achieve and develop sustained competitive advantages through an Internet‐based platform and to effectively enhance the promotion of solid waste recycling technologies and help achieve sustainable development.
Hysteresis in electrochemical systems
Authors: Van der Ven Anton , See Kimberly A. , Pilon Laurent
Published: March 2022

Hysteresis is a phenomenon that pervades both the physical and social sciences. While commonly associated with magnetism, it also occurs in a wide variety of other materials, including ferroelectrics and shape memory alloys. Hysteresis emerges when a particular property has a history dependence. It is exploited in microelectronic memory, logic, and neuromorphic devices. In electrochemical systems, such as Li‐ion batteries, hysteresis is undesirable as it leads to energy losses during each round trip charge–discharge cycle. Unfortunately, many new battery concepts that promise significant increases in energy density, including those that rely on displacement and conversion reactions, or on anion‐redox mechanisms, suffer from severe hysteresis that prevents their commercialization. This article surveys different forms of hysteresis in electrochemical systems with a focus on Li‐ion batteries and establishes thermodynamic and kinetic principles with which to understand and rationalize electrochemical hysteresis. The ability to control hysteresis in rechargeable batteries will enable the implementation of promising electrode chemistries. It will also open the door to many new device applications. As on‐chip batteries become more prominent, new possibilities will emerge to incorporate them not only as local energy sources but also as active components of new device concepts that exploit electrochemical hysteresis.
How does addiction of fast‐food turn into anti‐consumption of fast‐food? The mediating role of health concerns
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Faisal , Lee Michael S. W. , Hasni Muhammad Junaid Shahid , Rashid Yasir
Published: March 2022

This research investigates the complex relationships between fast‐food addiction (FFA) and fast food‐anti‐consumption (FFAC). Specifically, we propose an intervening process through which FFA turns into FFAC. Using a randomised sample of 437 respondents from Sichuan Province, China, this study tests how concern about obesity and chronic disease arising from FFA can lead to FFAC. Consistent with published research, we find that consumers' situations (availability of fast‐foods, attitudes towards food) coupled with food‐based advertising practices are positively associated with FFA. Health concerns and food waste (FW) enhance negative feelings and motivate consumers to find ways to overcome FFA. As a result, consumers exhibit FFAC to overcome health concerns and undesirable mental states positively correlated with FFA. Our research offers new insights into the processes that drive FFAC and provides a robust guide for policymakers, applied psychologists, consumers, and food marketers who can use health‐related marketing appeals to limit the binge eating of unhealthy foods.
Minimum criteria for defining induced mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Choudhery Mahmood S. , Mahmood Ruhma , Harris David T. , Ahmad Fridoon J.
Published: March 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell type for cell‐based therapies. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been verified in preclinical and clinical studies, however; low cell number in adult tissues, restricted expansion and differentiation capacity, and donor‐related heterogeneity limit their use. To address these issues, there has been considerable interest in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived MSCs (induced mesenchymal stem cells [iMSCs]). Investigators obtain iMSCs from iPSCs of different origins, with variable methods of generation and expansion. Results of current studies have suggested iMSCs as a unique alternative source of MSCs. However, iMSCs are defined using the same criteria (proposed previously for primary MSCs by the International Society for Cellular Therapy [ISCT]) without realizing the distinct nature of iMSCs as compared to primary MSCs. To rationally define iMSCs, additional characterization is proposed along with ISCT's minimum criteria for defining primary MSCs. Minimum criteria for defining iMSCs should include (1) spindle‐shaped morphology, (2) plastic adherent growth, (3) positive expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, along with negative expression of hematopoietic markers (CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19, HLA‐DR), (4) lack of expression of iPSCs induction factors, (5) trilineage differentiation potential, (6) lack of ability to form teratoma, and (7) release of MSC relevant paracrine factors. Defining the minimum criteria for iMSCs will be of great interest in the field and will provide a uniform description and identification of iMSCs to expedite progress in the field. Furthermore, due to increased interest in the clinical use of iMSCs, the above‐mentioned additional characterization before the clinical application is important to avoid unwanted complications for recipients.
OSI‐027 inhibits the tumorigenesis of colon cancer through mediation of c‐Myc/FOXO3a/PUMA axis
Authors: Lou Jie , Lv Jian‐Xin , Zhang You‐Ping , Liu Zhan‐Ju
Published: March 2022

Colon cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy that is one of the leading causes of tumor‐associated deaths. It has been reported that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can lead to the progression of colon cancer. However, the mechanism by which mTOR inhibitor (OSI‐027) mediates the tumorigenesis of colon cancer remains largely unknown. Cell function of colon cancer was investigated by cell counting kit‐8 flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. In addition, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to investigate the mechanism underlying the function of OSI‐027 in colon cancer. OSI‐027 dose‐dependently reduced colon cancer cell viability by inducing cell apoptosis. In addition, OSI‐027 induced the apoptosis of colon cancer cells via upregulation of PUMA. OSI‐027 promoted the expression of PUMA by activation of forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a), and c‐Myc knockdown partially increased FOXO3a and PUMA levels. Moreover, OSI‐027 attenuated the tumor growth of colon cancer through the mediation of the mTOR/c‐Myc/FOXO3a axis. OSI‐027 attenuates colon cancer progression through the mediation of the c‐Myc/FOXO3a/PUMA axis. Thereby, this study might shed new insights on exploring the strategies against colon cancer.
Dopamine 1 receptors inhibit apoptosis via activating CSE/H2S pathway in high glucose‐induced vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Li Hongzhu , Wu Ren , Xi Yuxin , Li Hongxia , Chang Guiquan , Sun Fengqi , Wei Can , Jiao Lijie , Wen Xin , Zhang Gensheng , Zaid Altaany , Hao Jinghui
Published: March 2022

High glucose (HG)‐induced dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Inhibition of cystathionine γ‐synthase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) pathway is one of the causes of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by HG. Dopamine D1 receptors (DR1) are widely expressed and regulate important physiological functions in the vascular system. However, the effect of DR1 inhibition on HG‐induced vascular endothelial apoptosis by regulating the CSE/H2S pathway is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine if DR1 can regulate the CSE/H2S pathway and regulate the effect of DR1 on HG‐induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In this study, we found that HG treatment significantly decreased the expression of DR1 and CSE and the endogenous content of H2S; DR1 agonist SKF 38393 reversed these effects, while sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) only increased CSE expression and the endogenous H2S production and had no effect on DR1 expression. Meanwhile, HG significantly increased the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and SKF 38393 further increased HG‐induced [Ca2+]i. In addition, HG increased the lactate dehydrogenase activity, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents, apoptotic rate, the expression of cleaved caspase‐3, caspase‐9, and cytochrome c, and the activity of phosphorylated‐inhibitor of nuclear factor‐kappaBα (NF‐κBα) (p‐IκBα) and phosphorylated‐NF‐κB (p‐NF‐κB), and reduced cell viability, superoxide dismutase activity, and Bcl‐2 expressions. SKF 38393 and NaHS markedly reversed the effect of HG. The effect of SKF 38393 was similar to N‐acetyl‐
l‐cysteine (an inhibitor of oxidative stress) or pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (an NF‐kB inhibitor). Taken together, DR1 upregulates the CSE/H2S pathway by increasing the [Ca2+]i, which inhibits HG‐induced apoptosis via downregulating NF‐κB/IκBα pathway in vascular endothelial cells.
Performance of a Double‐Tube Heat Exchanger with Staggered Helical Fins
Authors: Wang Liming , Lei Yonggang , Jing Shenglan
Published: March 2022

A novel double‐tube heat exchanger with staggered helical fins (DTHE‐SHF) is proposed. The mechanism of drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement was analyzed based on the theory of field synergy. Numerical simulations were conducted to study the thermal performance of the DTHE‐SHF. The effects of torsion angle and number of the SHF were investigated. The results indicated that, compared with the double tube heat exchanger with traditional straight helical fins (DTHE‐TSHF), the pressure drop of the DTHE‐SHF is reduced significantly, and the comprehensive performance of the DTHE‐SHF is improved by 10 %–30 %. The average synergy angle between the velocity field and the pressure field is optimized.
Porous Hierarchical Iron/Nitrogen co‐doped Carbon Etched by g‐C3N4 Pyrolysis as Efficient Non‐noble Metal Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Lubing , Gao Ziliang , Guo Liejin , Li Mingtao , Su Jinzhan
Published: March 2022

Non‐noble metal catalysts have captured much attention in the past years for their excellent performance regarding the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this research, an iron/nitrogen co‐doped carbon synthesized by transforming ZIF‐8 regular dodecahedron into hierarchical porous structure using pretreated g‐C3N4 as etching agent is introduced. The prepared catalyst (Fe‐ZIF/CN‐UC) exhibited remarkable ORR activity in acidic medium with a half‐wave potential of 0.7861 V (only 50 mV lower than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst). After a 100000 s stability test, the catalytic performance decreased by 11 % (the half‐wave potential only loses 32 mV). Moreover, the produced Fe‐ZIF/CN‐UC electrocatalyst was applied as cathode catalyst of H2‐O2 PEMFCs and it displays a remarkable performance with current density of 2 A ⋅ cm−2 at 0.2 V vs. RHE and the maximum power density reaches 0.484 W ⋅ cm−2.
Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescent 3,3’‐Diamino‐5,5’‐Diboryl‐2,2’‐Bithienyls Featuring a Quadrupolar Structure
Authors: Chen Xing‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zhao Cui‐Hua
Published: March 2022

The quest for fluorophores exhibiting large two‐photon absorption cross sections and high fluorescence efficiency is an important topic. Two 2,2’‐bithienyl derivatives are disclosed which contain two N,N‐disubstituted amino and two dimesitylboryl groups at 3,3’‐ and 5,5’‐positions, respectively. Despite the great steric effect of amino groups, the bithienyl skeleton still adopts a coplanar geometry. Herein, they are characterized by a quadrupolar structure and display good fluorescence efficiency and large two‐photon absorption cross sections up to 473 GM.
Luminescent Pyrrole‐Based Phosphaphenalene Gold Complexes: Versatile Anticancer Tools with Wide Applicability
Authors: Fermi Valentina , Regulska Elzbieta , Wolfram Anna , Wessling Patrick , Rominger Frank , Herold‐Mende Christel , Romero‐Nieto Carlos
Published: March 2022

Brain cancer, one of the most lethal diseases, urgently requires the discovery of novel theranostic agents. In this context, molecules based on six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles – phosphaphenalenes – are especially attractive; they possess unique characteristics that allow precise chemical engineering. Herein, we demonstrate that subtle structural modifications of the phosphaphenalene‐based gold(I) complexes lead to modify their electronic distribution, endow them with marked photophysical properties and enhance their efficacy against cancer. In particular, phosphaphenalene‐based gold(I) complexes containing a pyrrole ring show antiproliferative properties in 14 cell lines including glioblastomas, brain metastases, meningiomas, IDH‐mutant gliomas and head and neck cancers, reaching IC50 values as low as 0.73 μM. The bioactivity of this new family of drugs in combination with their photophysical properties thus offer new research possibilities for both the fundamental investigation and treatment of brain cancer.
Non‐Covalent Interactions in Molecular Systems: Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Hydrogen‐Bond Strength in Amino‐Ethers and Amino‐Alcohols
Authors: Siewert Riko , Zherikova Kseniya V. , Verevkin Sergey P.
Published: March 2022

The intramolecular hydrogen bond (intra‐HB) is one of the best‐known examples of non‐covalent interactions in molecules. Among the different types of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, the NH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond in amino‐alcohols and amino‐ethers is one of the weakest. In contrast to the strong OH⋅⋅⋅N intramolecular hydrogen bond, the strength of the NH⋅⋅⋅O bond can hardly be measured with conventional spectroscopic methods, even for simple amino‐alcohols, since the band belonging to the NH⋅⋅⋅O conformer merges with the free OH band. In this work, we developed a combination of G4 calculations, and a method based on experimental vaporization enthalpies to determine the NH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding strength. The archetypal compounds for this study are 2‐amino‐1‐ethanol and 3‐amino‐1‐propanol as well as their respective methoxy analogs. Based on these molecules, different series were studied to investigate various factors influencing NH⋅⋅⋅O intra‐HB strength. In the first series, the influence of alkylation near the hydroxy or methoxy group and the amino group in sterically hindered aminoalcohols was examined. In the second series, the influence of alkylation of the amino‐group was investigated. In the third series, the effect of extending the alkyl chain between functional groups was studied.
Photochemical Deracemization of a Medicinally‐Relevant Benzopyran using an Oscillatory Flow Reactor
Authors: Williams Jason D. , Pöchlauer Peter , Okumura Yoshiyuki , Inami Yukari , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: March 2022

Dynamic deracemization processes, such as crystallization‐induced diastereomer transformations (CIDTs), offer the opportunity to combine racemization and resolution processes, to provide high yields of enantiomerically pure compounds. To date, few of these processes have incorporated photochemical racemization. By combining batch crystallization with a flow photoreactor for efficient irradiation, it is possible to perform such deracemization in an effective, scalable and high yielding manner. After applying design of experiment (DoE) principles and mathematical modelling, the most efficient parameter set could be identified, leading to excellent results in just 4 h reaction time: isolated yield of 82 % and assay ee of 96 %. Such photochemical racemization methods can serve to open new avenues for preparation of enantiomerically pure functional molecules on both small and industrially‐relevant scales.
Effect of meso Positioned Substituents on the Stability and Photodynamic Activity of Lipid‐Membrane‐Incorporated Porphyrin Derivatives
Authors: Nishimura Kotaro , Shimada Risako , Yamana Keita , Kawasaki Riku , Nakaya Toshimi , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: March 2022

In this study we prepared aqueous solutions of lipid‐membrane incorporated tetraarylporphyrins and tetrapyridylporphyrin (LMIPors) by the injection method using dimethyl sulfoxide. The porphyrins with proton‐donor groups at the meso position afforded stable aqueous solutions of LMIPors. However, although tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin was scarcely incorporated in lipid membranes, it was soluble in water. Among these LMIPors, the photodynamic activity of tetrakis(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin was higher than that of tetrakis(aminophenyl)porphyrin. This was attributed to the self‐aggregation of a part of tetrakis(aminophenyl)porphyrin in the liposomes, which induced self‐quenching and the consequent decrease of its photodynamic activity.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic‐Led Guidance for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Taking Elexacaftor‐Tezacaftor‐Ivacaftor With Nirmatrelvir‐Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Hong Eunjin , Almond Lisa M. , Chung Peter S. , Rao Adupa P. , Beringer Paul M.
Published: March 2022

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulating therapies, including elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor, are primarily eliminated through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A–mediated metabolism. This creates a therapeutic challenge to the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to the potential for significant drug–drug interactions (DDIs). However, the population with CF is more at risk of serious illness following COVID‐19 infection and hence it is important to manage the DDI risk and provide treatment options. CYP3A‐mediated DDI of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor was evaluated using a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling approach. Modeling was performed incorporating physiological information and drug‐dependent parameters of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor to predict the effect of ritonavir (the CYP3A inhibiting component of the combination) on the pharmacokinetics of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor. The elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor models were verified using independent clinical pharmacokinetic and DDI data of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor with a range of CYP3A modulators. When ritonavir was administered on Days 1 through 5, the predicted area under the curve (AUC) ratio of ivacaftor (the most sensitive CYP3A substrate) on Day 6 was 9.31, indicating that its metabolism was strongly inhibited. Based on the predicted DDI, the dose of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor should be reduced when coadministered with nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir to elexacaftor 200 mg–tezacaftor 100 mg–ivacaftor 150 mg on Days 1 and 5, with delayed resumption of full‐dose elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor on Day 9, considering the residual inhibitory effect of ritonavir as a mechanism‐based inhibitor. The simulation predicts a regimen of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor administered concomitantly with nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir in people with CF that will likely decrease the impact of the drug interaction.
Metal‐Thiolate Framework for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Chatterjee Sauvik , Shaymal Sanjib , Mukherjee Manjistha , Halder Debabrata , Chongdar Sayantan , Paul Ankan , Bhaumik Asim
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen has evolved as the cleanest and most sustainable fuel, produced directly from naturally abundant water resources. Generation of hydrogen by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical splitting of water has been conceived as the most effective method for hydrogen production. Herein, a robust solid metal‐thiolate framework (MTF‐1) was obtained by hydrothermal crystallization of the reaction mixture consisting of 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trithioltrisodium salt and CuIIunder mild synthesis conditions. The material was thoroughly characterized and explored as efficient catalyst for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via water splitting reactions. MTF‐1 showed onset potential 0.045 VRHEand overpotentialη(@10 mA cm−2) at 0.096 VRHE. The electrochemical surface area of MTF‐1 was found to be 509 m2 g−1. The photo current density at pH 5.0 was found to be 0.487 mA cm−2at 0.6 VRHE. The feasibility of the reaction pathway was correlated from the density function theory study, which suggested the complete downhill energetics indicating spontaneous electrochemical hydrogen generation in the acidic medium.
Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Dot‐Guided Growth of ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Qiu Jianhao , Zhang Lu , Dai Dingliang , Xia Guanglu , Yao Jianfeng
Published: March 2022

Cellulose‐derived carbon (CC) dot‐directed growth of ZnIn2S4 was achieved through hydrothermal treatment of carboxylated cellulose followed by in situ growth of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets. The carbon dots inherited from carboxylated cellulose equip plenty of surface carboxyl groups, which induce the ionic interaction with Zn2+ and In3+ and the guided growth of ZnIn2S4. As a result, the nanosheets of ZnIn2S4 are evenly and intimately grown on the small carbon dots, providing high‐speed channels for charges transfer. In conjunction with the reinforced visible‐light capture and good conductivity of carbon dots, the resultant CC/ZnIn2S4 shows an outstanding photocatalytic activity. As a proof‐of‐concept, visible‐light‐driven 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation into 2,5‐diformylfuran was conducted. The evolution of 2,5‐diformylfuran over the optimal CC/ZnIn2S4 sample can reach ∼2980 μmol g−1, about 3.4 times that of pristine ZnIn2S4. Additionally, the apparent quantum yield could attain 3.4 % at a wavelength of 400 nm.
Biomarker ratios
Authors: Cawley Adam , Keen Bethany , Tou Kathy , Elbourne Madysen , Keledjian John
Published: March 2022

The concept of biomarker measurements in the form of a ratio has not been explored in detail. This is surprising considering the current and future potential for biomarkers incorporating endogenous reference compounds (ERCs) in a range of fields. A selection of these relating to clinical and forensic applications, human antidoping, equine antidoping and veterinary residues are discussed.
Linear Phenylsilanes with PSi4P, PSi5P, and Si7 Backbones
Authors: Friebel Mike , Böhme Uwe , Kroke Edwin
Published: March 2022

Linear α,ω‐diphosphaoligosilanes were prepared starting from 1,5‐dilithiodecaphenyl‐n‐pentasilane, Li(SiPh2)5Li, and chlorodiorganophosphanes. The compounds 1,5‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)decaphenyl‐n‐pentasilane, (Ph2P)Si5Ph10(PPh2), 1,5‐bis(di‐iso‐propylphosphanyl)decaphenyl‐n‐pentasilane, (iPr2P)Si5Ph10(PiPr2), and 1,4‐bis(di‐iso‐propylphosphanyl)octaphenyl‐n‐tetrasilane, (iPr2P)Si4Ph8(PiPr2), were obtained in moderate to good yields and characterized with IR‐, Raman‐, UV‐, 31P‐, 29Si‐, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal structure analyses of these three silanes show all‐transoid conformations of the atoms along the phosphorus‐silicon backbone of the molecules in the solid state. The silicon‐silicon and the silicon‐phosphorus‐bonds are elongated. This is caused by the complete substitution of these molecules by sterically demanding phenyl‐ and i‐propyl‐substituents and effective σ‐conjugation along the main chains. Hexadecaphenyl‐n‐heptasilane, Si7Ph16, was prepared for comparison with the other three compounds. The latter one shows a long wavelength UV‐absorption in the same region as 1,5‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)decaphenyl‐n‐pentasilane.
Photo‐Induced Construction of N‐Aryl Amides by Fe Catalysis
Authors: Mei Yong‐Kang , Min Xiang‐Ting , Guo Shi‐Yu , Liu Chang‐Hui , Zhang Xiang‐Xin , Ji Ding‐Wei , Wan Boshun , Chen Qing‐An
Published: March 2022

Amides have played a vital role in polymeric materials, natural products and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, transition metal catalyzed C−N bond formation reaction provides a reliable strategy for amides construction. Herein, we disclosed a photo‐induced electrophilic amidation reaction with N‐methoxyamides and arylboronic acids at low temperature using a simple iron salt as the catalyst precursor. Initial mechanistic studies suggested that crucial amide radical species was involved.
A Self‐powered Glucose Biosensor Based on Mediator‐free Hybrid Cu/Glucose Biofuel Cell for Flow Sensing of Glucose
Authors: Zhang Yuehan , Hao Shuai , Sun Xiaoxuan , Zhang He , Ma Qian , Zhai Junfeng , Dong Shaojun
Published: March 2022

Advanced glucose biosensors are highly desired for rapid, reliable and cost‐effective sensing of glucose. This work reports on a self‐powered glucose biosensor (SPGB) composed of a Cu anode and a glucose oxidase/Prussian blue/ITO biocathode. The SPGB is available for flow sensing of glucose, with a linear detection range of 0.10 and 1.20 mM, a high sensitivity of 35.62 μA ⋅ cm−2 ⋅ mM−1 and a detection limit of 14.34 μM (S/N=3). The SPGB is reproducible (RSD <5%) and has been successfully employed to determine glucose in juices with satisfactory recoveries (98–100 %).