bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models for Managing Stakeholder Interaction at Transnational Corporations in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Pysarevskyi I. M. , Kraynyuk L. M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Polchaninova I. L. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Pokolodna M. M. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: February 2021

The article focuses on the relationship among the management of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector; on a fair balance of interest; and on communication with stakeholders. The study aims at analyzing, generalizing and systematizing various models of managing interaction among the stakeholders of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector by sharing the functions of management and control among them. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of controlling interaction between the management of transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector and all the stakeholders. To work out the problem, various methodological approaches were used, including the systemic approach, methods of logical and comparative analysis, and theoretical approaches to managing and modeling social systems and organizational structures. As a result, it has been found out that the management models of stakeholder interaction at transnational corporations in the tourism and hospitality sector have evolved, from the standpoint of exclusive attention to investors and related economic expectations, to the acceptance of commitment to increasing the significance of all the parties concerned and taking over global (economic, social and environmental) responsibility/ The research materials and its practical conclusions can be used: in the work of authorities at the macro- and meso-levels when developing variants for managing interaction among the stakeholders of transnational corporations in the process of regulating direct investment, program and forecast and project design, development strategies for macro- and meso-economic entities in the tourism and hospitality sector; in the activity of international tour operators, hotel and restaurant chains and networks interested in improving their efficiency.
Global Experience of State Support in the System of Public Management of Territorial Communities’ Development
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Yaroshenko I. V. , Semigulina I. B. ,   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Achieving sustainable development of the countries against the background of overcoming the problems and backwardness of some territories, reducing the disproportion of socio-economic indicators, creating conditions for the development of competitive economic environment, and achieving a high standard of living form the main directions of regional policy in many countries, including the European Union. Detailed study of the experience in the formation and implementation of regional policy, the positive examples and trends of some countries and, in particular, EU member states, that have achieved economic growth and improved the welfare of their residents, are relevant for the development of modern Ukraine and its regions during the ongoing European integration processes, socio-economic changes and the formation of Ukraine’s own national regional policy. Analysis of the uneven development of territories and the identification of the main characteristics of this asymmetry allow not only to determine the current state of disproportion in regional development potentials, but also to assess the regional policy directions aimed at eliminating the disproportion. European integration direction in Ukraine’s policy confirms the relevance of a comprehensive study of the regional policy experience in the world and the EU, in particular, especially that of the best practices of Central and Eastern Europe, the latter demonstrating stable positive changes in socio-economic development. This experience could be useful for Ukraine to form and implement its own regional policy principles of organizing regional and local development management and building up local self-government.
Forming Social Responsibility of Agricultural Enterprises in the Conditions of Sustainable Development
Authors:   National University «Chernihiv Polytechnic», Polenkova M. V.
Published: February 2021

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce modern mechanisms of interaction between the state and business, and between business and society as well in order to ensure sustainable economic growth in Ukraine. Today agricultural enterprises more and more often appear under pressure to solve social problems, realize the harm they do to the environment in their supply chains, and need to find ways to solve critical socio-economic and environmental challenges set in accordance with the goals of sustainable development. The evolution of schools of thought developing the concept of corporate social responsibility is studied, as well as those of the economic system and industrial transformations, which were actively developing in the twentieth century society. It has been found out that the impact of social responsibility on the welfare of the population was considered through the prism of three areas: business ethics, business and society, and social aspects of management. It is substantiated that corporate social responsibility is an umbrella term for various theories and practices, admitting that corporations are responsible for their impact on society and the environment, sometimes even beyond compliance with the law and the responsibility of individuals; companies are responsible for the behavior of others with whom they do business (for example, suppliers in the supply chain); companies should handle their relationships with society at large. The peculiarities of the approaches of large farms (collective farms) to the socio-economic development of rural areas in the planned economy in Soviet times are outlined. It has been found out that collective farms provided a wide range of support to rural communities and household plot owners, namely, by providing the following: full employment, rural social infrastructure, resources and services on homesteads. The peculiarities of European approaches to the development of social responsibility have been studied. The relationship between the social responsibility of agricultural enterprises and the revival of rural areas has been established.
Forming Partnership Relations by Applying Social Media Marketing Tools
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Proskurnina N. V.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the main digital channels of marketing activities and determine the methodology of building partnership relations in the value chain in social networks for retail operators. The research results in determining the basic digital channels, tools and technologies influencing the efficiency of carrying out the market promotion strategy for the goods produced by a retail enterprise. Several key benefits of using social media in the retail marketing strategy have been identified. The process of building partnership relations in the value chain in social networks has also been formed. Since the first step to building partnership relations in the value chain in social networks is to define goals and objectives, common goals for retail operators have been identified. It has been proved that the general goals for retail operators can be as follows: to increase brand awareness; to increase sales quality and return on investment; to create a loyal fan base. It has been pointed out that social media marketing can help to reach a number of goals, such as: increasing the web-site traffic; creating quality leads (perspective customers who have reacted in any way to the marketing interaction); constructing conversions; increasing brand awareness; creating the brand identity and a positive brand association; improving communication and interaction with target audiences. The social success cycle, comprising four stages (social listening, social influence, social network, social selling), has been mentioned, and the essence of each stage has been defined. Besides, the goals and performance metrics of each stage within the social success cycle have been summarized. The formation of methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities in the context of digital transformation using the generalized Harrington desirability function can serve as the prospect for further research.
Reengineering as an Innovative Basis to Reconstruct the Enterprise Management System
Authors:   Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy, Prokhorova V. V. , Bozhanova O. V. ,   The National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Yukhman Y. V. ,   National University «Lviv Polytechnic»
Published: February 2021

The actual value of the topic lies in the fact that nowadays the development of the world economic system is accompanied by innovative processes. Innovative development of enterprises is the only possible way to steer a country’s economy out of crisis. For most domestic industrial enterprises it is necessary to completely abandon the traditional enterprise management system or, at least, to transform it. Thus, it is becoming more and more actual to use methods and tools, which can foster innovative development in various activity areas at an enterprise, and the importance of reengineering as an innovative basis for the reconstruction of the enterprise management system is growing. The article aims at designing a conceptual foundation for reengineering as an innovative basis for the reconstruction of the enterprise management system. The authors reveal the content of reengineering and demonstrate its importance as the innovative basis for reconstructing the enterprise management system. The advantages of using reengineering are highlighted, the essence of reengineering as an economic process is identified. It is stated that reengineering allows providing a systematic and comprehensive approach to the innovative refocusing and restructuring of the enterprise management system as a whole, or of its individual functional components. The authors’ own definition of "reengineering" is offered. It is substantiated that reengineering allows reconstructing the enterprise management system in an innovative way. The need for the reengineering of the enterprise management system is shown. The conceptual basis of reengineering as an innovative basis for reconstructing the enterprise management system is proposed. The basis contains the principles, on which reengineering is grounded as an innovative basis for reconstructing the enterprise management system; and the main stages of reengineering. Reengineering as an innovative basis for reconstructing the enterprise management system involves holistic and systematic modeling and fundamentally changes the enterprise information flow; as a result, the organization structure is simplified, resources are redistributed, individual resources consumption is minimized, product life is reduced, the service quality and image are improved.
Digital Tools of a Business Organization Innovative Development
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Shatilova O. V. , Shyshuk N. O. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: February 2021

The article deals with topical issues of providing the innovative development of a business organization in the context of its digital transformation. The article aims at studying the essence and role of digital tools in the innovative development of a business organization. Having based the research on a comparative analysis of various interpretations of digital transformation in the modern economic literature, the authors identify the main areas of its influence: digital transformation of society, business environment, employees, and business activities. The connection between digital transformation and the innovative development of a business organization has been analyzed. It has been found out that, on the one hand, digital transformation is a prerequisite for innovative development of a business organization; and on the other hand, an innovative business organization can be both the generator and ambassador of digital transformation promotion. It has been determined that the innovative development of a business organization depends on such digital components as digitalization of employees, business processes, and management. The following digital tools of innovative development of a business organization have been described: digital workplace, communication facilities, document flow, and intelligence system. It has been established that the main factors hindering the «digital well-being» in business organizations are the following: the managers’ ignorance, excessive conservatism, excessive bureaucratization, the presence of a «technological gap» and lack of resources. Promising areas for further research in this area are the development of new digital tools that would complement the list of the existing ones, and the improvement of the mechanisms for their implementation.
The Strategic Potential Formation of the Security-Oriented Development of an Enterprise
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Shkreben R. P. , Kharnam M. V. ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Otenko I. P. ,   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics
Published: February 2021

The development of information economy, Ukraine’s integration into the world economic space, globalization processes and the resulting increase in competition exacerbate the problem of high-quality and efficient management of business processes at industrial enterprises. The necessity to increase the scale of high-tech production, to expand the range of innovative products and new requirements for their quality, cause attention focusing on the processes of forming the strategic potential of enterprises, namely, learning and finding new strategic opportunities, implementing organizational forms and tools, creating conditions for sustainable innovation and security-oriented development of domestic enterprises. The formation of strategic potential as an object of development management begins at the stage of intentions emergence and goals selection. Strategies, mechanisms (coordination, training, regulation, preservation and protection), organizational methods, forms of strategic management of economic security, as well as methods of selecting and coordinating adaptive measures that meet the guidelines of enterprise development are the strategic tools for security-oriented enterprise development. The division of development security strategies into types includes, first of all, the types of passive and active strategic behavior of an enterprise in the market. Passive survival strategies use available opportunities and are a typical course of action for a company in a stable and predictable environment; this "passivity" is determined by the fact that a company does not try to influence the external environment. Active survival strategies are aimed at actively searching for enterprise opportunities and effectively using them, and are implemented through transforming the internal structure of an enterprise and using complex strategic forms of behavior in the market. Strategies of actively influencing the external environment are realized through actively searching for new opportunities for innovative enterprise development and creating them.
Knowledge and Technology as Public Goods
Authors:   National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic», Dubiei Y. V.
Published: February 2021

The features of knowledge and technology as factors of modern economic development have been analyzed, as well as their essential characteristics in the public goods theory. It has been proven that knowledge and the results of fundamental scientific research are characterized by the properties of non-competitiveness and indivisibility in consumption, as their consumption by one subject does not reduce their consumption by others. It is substantiated that knowledge of applied nature and the results of applied research lose the properties of public goods due to the recording of intellectual property rights. The expenditure budget on scientific research in some countries has been analyzed. It has been found out that constant reduction of the R&D expenditures share in the GDP and significant reduction of fundamental research funding preserves Ukraine’s scientific and technological lag behind the world’s leading countries and makes rapid technological renewal of the domestic economy impossible. It has been found out that economic entities receive the innovation rent at the first lifecycle phase of the technology, given the existence of a mechanism for patenting research and development results and the monopoly rights of the owners of new technologies for their exclusive use. However, the monopoly on new technologies is not an absolute one due to the threat of information leakage in the process of interaction with potential buyers and copying or imitation of new products or new processes at the stage of getting them into actual practical use. It has also been proven that at the accelerated diffusion phase, such technologies acquire the features of a mixed public good.
Startups Development in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects
Authors:   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Husakovska T. O. , Kuzhel N. L. ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade
Published: February 2021

The article aims at identifying topical problems in designing and successfully managing innovative projects for small and medium enterprises in Ukraine and finding effective ways to solve them. The following general and special research methods were used to solve the tasks set in the article: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization. The stages of startups development have been considered as well as the types of funding sources for enterprises that are just starting their activities. The role of the state in supporting small and medium-sized businesses under risk and the importance of encouraging the promotion of innovative projects in order to increase the competitiveness of both enterprises and the country as a whole have been identified. The global ecosystem of startups has been analyzed as to its theoretical representation. The reasons for the low innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises have been identified and ways to overcome them have been suggested helping startup projects to achieve ultimate success despite the imperfect legal system and unfavorable investment climate. The authors have designed some measures guaranteeing that domestic business ideas will have sufficient potential for development. The experience of the most promising cities in Ukraine, which have been developing and implementing startups in recent years, has been studied. The necessity not only to support the development of startups at the initial stage, but also to mentor and coordinate them throughout the project life cycle has been proven. The main results of the research can be used in practice while designing and implementing of innovative business ideas at an enterprise.
The Current State of Innovative Activity at Ukrainian Enterprises and Its Financing
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Ischenko N. A.
Published: February 2021

The article aims at studying the trends in the current state of the innovative activity at Ukrainian enterprises and its financing. The current state of the innovative activity at Ukrainian enterprises is analyzed; the financing of such an activity is explored. Trends in the innovation activities of Ukrainian enterprises during 2015–2019 indicate the presence of significant problems and a low level of innovation development, which, in turn, has a negative impact on product competitiveness and economic development, in general. So, according to the Global Innovation Index-2019, Ukraine ranks 47th among 129 surveyed countries. As for industrial enterprises, only 782 of them are innovatively active, making up 15.8% of their total number. It has been found out that the introduction of innovations in industrial enterprises in Ukraine is slowing down due to the lack of financial resources. The financial resources of enterprises remained the main source for funding innovation during 2015–2019. The role of the state in financing innovation is not significant, so almost the whole financial burden falls on business entities, which naturally hinders the increase in the innovative activity at enterprises. The problems of innovative development of enterprises in Ukraine have been identified and it has been established that the current state of innovation is a consequence of the lack of strategic vision and consistent state policy in transiting Ukraine to an innovative development path. The results of the research carried out shows the necessity of designing the Strategy for innovative activity development till 2030.
Credit Default Swaps in the External Public Debt Management
Authors:   State Mortgage Institution, Lupenko A. Y.
Published: February 2021

The article aims at systematizing the theoretical and methodological foundations of using credit default swaps in the external public debt management. Theoretical principles of using credit default swaps in the external public debt management are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of credit default swaps as derivative financial instruments are generalized. It is shown that the main disadvantages of credit default swaps are their speculative character and dependence on international rating agencies, as well as lack of proper regulation in the synthetic securitization of debt-based assets. The mechanism of credit default swap functioning in the risk management system in external state borrowings is conceptualized. The factors influencing the value of the credit default swap in the risk management system in external government borrowing are identified. It is shown that the main factors are the sovereign credit rating, the maturity of debt securities, liquidity and yield of external government bonds, market demand and supply of debt securities and default swaps. The dynamics of the value of credit default swaps on Ukraine’s debt securities is analyzed. The relationship between the swap value and geopolitical factors in the formation of the international investment position of the state is shown. In order to increase the efficiency of credit default swaps in external public debt management and minimize the interest rate risks of external government borrowings, it is suggested to amend norms and regulations, providing for the essence of default swap, the composition of the parties, accounting and value formation peculiarities.
Measures to Prevent Tax Debt among Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Rudyk N. V.
Published: February 2021

The article aims at forming a roadmap for self-reliant control of the absence of tax debt for small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine. The necessity of conducting tax audits for small and medium-sized businesses in terms of preventing tax evasion has been studied. The article systematizes the types of tax audits provided by the Tax Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as TCU) amid the COVID pandemic. The peculiarities of these audits and their key features are detailed. The necessity to conduct self-reliant control of the absence of tax debt among small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs) is substantiated based on the analysis of the ratio dynamics of tax debt to tax revenues to the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine. The Roadmap for independent tax control as for the absence of tax debt due from SMEs is suggested. Its structure includes three stages with step-by-step detailing of the taxpayer’s actions at each step. The practical aspect of the roadmap is based on preventive control of taxpayers’ honesty and financial literacy. The implementation of the Roadmap is carried out on the example of SMEs on the simplified system of taxation, and SMEs as single tax payers, using the taxpayer account, which is the key software in the lockdown, as the basis for calculations. The principles of work in the specified electronic resource are visualized. The article considers the tax authorities’ possible areas of work to prevent violations of tax legislation by SMEs. Such areas of work are grouped into 3 fields: taxpayers training, simplification of the taxpayer account, transparency of the uses of taxes paid by a definite SME.
Formulation of the Concept for Social Tourism Development Strategy in Ukraine: European Experience and National Realities
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Obolentseva L. V.
Published: February 2021

The article aims at formulating a concept for the social tourism development strategy in Ukraine, taking into account the European experience and national realities. The article proves that the main function of social tourism is to create and maintain appropriate conditions that allow people to participate in the tourism process, i.e. provide them with access to recreation and the effective recovery of physical, emotional and spiritual strength. The study presents a generalized structure of the social tourism system in Europe, enumerating the supply and demand factors together with their key elements. Based on foreign experience, the work identifies three main systems of social tourism services, such as: specialized accommodation; holiday checks; charitable donations. The article suggests a concept for social tourism development strategy in Ukraine, providing for a number of measures to form social tourism in Ukraine. To specify the measures needed, it is necessary to use the SWOT-analysis data and results. It has been found out that these measures comprise several groups, such as: organizational measures; measure related to participants’ work in social tourism; specific steps for social tourism promotion. The author comes to conclusion that social tourism can be considered the basis for domestic tourism development in a country, because a high development rate of domestic tourist flows will provide a new qualitative level of development for the national tourism industry, which, in turn, will contribute to placing the focus of tourism on tourists, both domestic and foreign ones.
The Theoretical Aspects of the Functioning of the System of Personal Income Taxation
Authors:   Polissia National University, H. P. H. P.
Published: February 2021

The publication outlines theoretical aspects of the system of personal income taxation and determines that individuals and the tax agent are the paramount actors in certain synergistic relations of the institutional system elements. The state of formation of the revenue part of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine was researched. Monitoring the formation of the revenue part of the consolidated budget is a set of methods for identifying and assessing the causes and signs that may lead to an increase in the tax culture of personal income tax payers and, at the same time, to increase the revenue part of the budget. The study of the structure of the tax determined that income in the form of wages and income tax, which is paid by the tax agent on income in the form of wages, dominate with great advantage and indicate the urgency of changing the policy of the State and in the minds of taxpayers oward their diversification. The fiscal pressure of income tax on taxpayers is analyzed. The tax burden should also take into account the cost of social benefits received, and therefore local self-government bodies should have information on the amount of taxes paid by one person or one employee and their dynamics in the future. A forecast of the tax burden on payment of tax to local budgets is carried out. It is proved that local self-government bodies should have not only a sufficiently predicted, but also an ever-growing amount of income tax, which requires urgent reform of the current taxation system. Ways to improve the system of personal income taxation are proposed. The author singles out the main stages of the strategy for reforming the personal income taxation system and the strategic goal: obtaining maximum revenues to the budget with an acceptable tax burden on the taxpayer. A set of factors of influence and differences between the taxation system of Ukraine and those established in other countries is formed.
The Risk-Oriented System of Financial Provision in the Face of Globalization Changes
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Ptashchenko O. V.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the main features of the risk-oriented system of financial provision, identifies the groups of risks arising in the business environment of the company, and focuses on the possibility of a risk-oriented system of financial provision in the context of globalization changes. Modern technologies play a crucial role in ensuring positive dynamics of social processes and causing structural changes in the social sphere. Recognition of high-techness as the basis of socio-economic development requires the introduction of modern management methods and instruments, including through the development of effective communication strategies for high-tech enterprises. The procedure for organizing internal control, including the duties and powers of the company’s divisions and employees, is determined by both the nature and the sphere of the company’s activities, the peculiarities of the management system. The basic principle should be: everyone be careful and compare labor costs with the results during the control. It must be noted that the organization and evaluation of the internal control system can be carried out with the participation of the company itself and/or external consultant. Control procedures are an integral part of the company’s business processes, and their goal is to exclude (reduce) the likelihood of risks falling into the scope of checkpoints and to link risk factors of business processes to the company’s strategic goals.
Determining the Level of Maturity of the Business Process Management System on the Example of an Agro-Industrial Enterprise
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Wang Dongcheng
Published: February 2021

The article is aimed at determining the level of maturity of the business process management system of an agro-industrial enterprise. The existing common approaches to assessing the maturity of the business process management system are identified, their defining features are determined. A definition of maturity of the business process management system of the enterprise is made. The features of the process and enterprise maturity model (PEMM) developed by M. Hammer are described in detail. Four levels of business processes that form the system according to the Hammer model are characterized. The aspects and directions of research of maturity of the business process management system of enterprise according to the PEMM model by M. Hammer are specified. The scale of assessment of the level of maturity of the business process management system of enterprise according to certain criteria is provided. The procedure for assessing the maturity level of the business process management system of the enterprise under research is described and a scale is provided that helps to determine the current level of maturity of the system from the very low to the very high (five such levels are defined in general). Descriptions of the levels of business processes according to the PEMM model are specified in terms of the aspects of Projecting, Contractors, Process Owner, Infrastructure and Indicators. For each aspect, an assessment of the business process management system of the enterprise under research was carried out. The results are presented both by a separate direction and by each aspect of the assessment of the maturity of the business process management system of enterprise. For each aspect of the assessment of the system maturity, the characteristic features are determined, the main disadvantages and achievements are indicated. On the basis of the determined estimates of the business process management system of the enterprise under research, an assessment of the maturity of the business process management system of this enterprise in view of certain aspects is computed, as well as its current level is defined. To identify the most problematic areas in the business process management system, the existing level of maturity of the system is depicted using a petal chart. The main directions of further improvement of the existing system are defined.
Diversification and Integration as the Forms of Ensuring Strategic Guidelines for the Enterprise Development Management
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Khaustova V. Y.
Published: February 2021

The article defines that an increase in both the external and the internal instability of enterprise operation imposes new requirements for the choice and substantiation of the strategy and forms of provision of strategic guidelines for managing the enterprise development that can ensure its viability and sustainable development. Thus, the publication is aimed at developing the theoretical-methodical principles of diversification and integration as the forms of ensuring strategic guidelines for the enterprise development management. According to the aim, the author considers the main views on understanding the strategy; the levels of strategic management of the enterprise; the main types of strategies that can be implemented at the enterprise; the classification of types of strategies. The interpretation of the essence of concepts of «goal», «guideline» and «development» is updated. It is substantiated that the main (target) guideline for managing the development of enterprise is to ensure its viability. Achieving this main guideline requires the implementation of a number of basic and specific guidelines, which, together with the target, will make up a system of strategic guidelines. The essence of the concept of «diversification» is closer defined; the motives, factors of the internal environment of enterprise, which should be taken into account when choosing a diversification strategy, are examined; various classifications of diversification types are considered. It is proved that diversification is seamlessly related to integration. It is determined that the formation and implementation of a diversification strategy of enterprise is preceded by substantiating the choice of its types, forms and approaches to implementation. The essence of the concept of «integration» is specified, its forms, types, classifications depending on certain classification characteristics are researched. The place and role of diversification and integration in the strategic management of enterprise, criteria of expediency of choice and implementation of a certain strategy are considered. It is proved that diversification and integration are the most important instruments for enhancing the efficiency of enterprises, which is directed towards increasing their viability and competitiveness, improving the financial condition and investment attractiveness.
OBSEG IN KARAKTER SLOVENSKE VOJSKE
Authors: POTOČNIK VIKTOR
Published: February 2021

Besedilo obravnava vprašanji o obsegu in karakterju Slovenske vojske (SV). Že nekaj časa se namreč pojavljajo zamisli o nadaljnjem zmanjševanju stalne sestave SV, ki zaradi omejenih finančnih sredstev dobivajo še dodaten zagon. V članku je kratek zgodovinski pregled obsega oboroženih formacij slovenskega naroda v luči izpolnjevanja nalog SV, kot so zapisane v Zakonu o obrambi (ZoObr). Obravnavam tudi karakter SV in osrednjega vira njene bojne moči, in sicer pehote. Vojske v zavezništvu in širše poznajo več tipov pehote, kar je treba upoštevati, ko razmišljamo o tem, kakšno pehoto bomo v SV imeli. Seveda se zavedamo finančnih omejitev, ki jim je SV izpostavljena, zato v sklepnem delu predstavljamo nekaj predlogov, kako uresničiti predlagana obseg in značaj SV, ki so namenjeni dodatni razpravi in bi bili potrebni bolj poglobljene analize.

The text deals with the questions of the size and character of Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF). For some time now one has been able to track ideas of decreasing the size of the SAF active component, which have additionally gained momentum due to the limited defence resources. The texts looks at the size of Slovenian armed structures from the historic perspective in the light of the tasks set before SAF by the Defence Act. The article also deals with the SAF’s character and the source of its fighting power – the infantry. Allied and other armies list several types of infantry, the fact which should be taken into consideration when deliberating on the type of infantry in the SAF. Of course, we are aware of the financial restrictions imposed on the SAF; therefore the conclusion includes some suggestions on how to achieve the proposed size and character of the SAF. The suggestions, however, are intended more as a base for a discussion and would have to be further analysed.
BROADENING EDUCATIONAL PATHWAYS TO STEM EDUCATION THROUGH ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING COVID-19: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Dhurumraj Thasmai , Ramaila Sam , Raban Ferhana , Ashruf Ahmed
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 posed formidable challenges to the teaching and learning of subjects with abstract concepts such as Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The study explored how STEM teachers transformed their pedagogical practices as an integral part of the transition to online teaching and learning in response to COVID-19 and further examined the effectiveness of online teaching and learning. The study adopted an exploratory descriptive survey design and involved purposively selected STEM teachers from schools operating under the auspices of the Association of Muslim Schools. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework underpinned the study. Quantitative data was collected through the administration of a Likert scale instrument. Data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that COVID-19 essentially compelled teachers to make a transition to online teaching and learning resulting in a concomitant profound impact on their pedagogical practices. Teachers provided various perspectives on the key modalities adopted to navigate online teaching and learning on virtual platforms in an attempt to ensure sustainable, equitable and inclusive teaching and learning. Implications for broadening educational pathways to STEM education through online teaching and learning on virtual platforms and sustainable teacher professional development on technology integration in teaching and learning are discussed.
Keywords: COVID-19, online teaching, pandemic, pedagogy, STEM, teaching practices
Combining Microwave and Optical Sensor to Improve Post Cyclone Affected Area Mapping
Authors: Sarker MH , Akter M , Ali S , Haque SAM Arif Ul , Rahman M
Published: February 2021

Storm surge was adversely affected the life of people and property of coastal region of Bangladesh due to cyclone Roanu on 22 May 2016. It is important to delineate this surge extent and pattern which helps in the vulnerability assessment for relief and rehabilitation purposes. Optical sensor is not enough for outlining the affected areas. Because during cyclone, bad weather (cloud) usually prevails over the swamped area. Microwave remote sensing, can solve the problem because the radar pulse can penetrate cloud cover and it has ability to sharply distinguish between land and water. Combination of microwave and optical sensor found very useful to mark out storm surge inundated area. A change detection approach was implemented through the analysis of pre and post cyclone period. In this approach Landsat8-OLI image have been used for before cyclone and ALOS-PALSAR image have been used in after cyclonic period. Combining the PALSAR and OLI imagery using fusion method allows for the accurate depiction of such kind of violence surge extend. The study reveals that about 497698 (ha) areas have been affected due to storm surge during cyclone Roanu.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 1-9, 2019
Analyses of Ecological Footprint at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Residential Area
Authors: Sharmin N , Farukh MA , Sarker S , Baten MA
Published: February 2021

Ecological Footprint (EF) assessment helps to identify what activities are having the biggest impact on nature and opens up possibilities to reduce our impact and live within the means of one planet. The introduction of EF has been very necessary for the context of Bangladesh especially in the industrial areas such Gazipur as the endless demand and the unplanned consumption pattern of the population here have been producing a very unsustainable situation. Thus this study intends to initiate it by calculating the Ecological Footprint of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), one of the important residential area of Gazipur and major consuming areas of that city as a sustainability indicator. Basic equation for assessing EF has been done according to Nunes et al. (2013). EF has been calculated for these components: energy, food, waste and building material consumption. Questionnaire survey has been conducted to gather information about consumption pattern for different components in the households of BARI residential area. The study also identified consumption of natural gas for household purpose as the most contributing factor in the footprint of BARI residential area followed by waste, building materials and electricity consumption.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 143-149, 2019
Status of Rooftop and Homestead Gardening in Bogura
Authors: Morshed MT , Rahman SB , Rahman MA
Published: February 2021

A survey was conducted to assess the status of rooftop and homestead gardening in Sadar upazila of Bogura in Bangladesh. The study revealed that 66% rooftop gardeners and 70% homestead gardeners preferred gardening for production of healthy and fresh food. According the survey there were about 80 type of plants in rooftop gardens and 87 types in homestead gardens. These plants were fruits (97%), vegetables (86%), flowers (64%), spices (72%), medicinal plants (64%), ornamental plants (23%) and plantation crops (12%). The amount of time they had to invest for gardening ranged from only less than half-an-hour to an hour. About 28% homestead gardeners received training on gardening from GOs and NGOs while most of the rooftop gardeners gained knowledge from agro-based television programs. The study revealed that a very few gardeners (18%) considered rooftop gardening for economic benefit while a remarkable number of homestead gardeners (24%) considered gardening for economic return on top of producing fruits and vegetables for family consumption. Finally this study concluded that both rooftop and homestead gardening can be complementary means for increasing the production and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and thus can contribute in achieving food security and safety.

Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 157-164, 2019
IMPLEMENTASI PENDETEKSI KUALITAS AIR PADA TAMBAK UDANG VANAME DI DI KEC. HAMPARAN PERAK DELI SERDANG
Authors: Hutagalung Jhonson Efendi , Julia Hilda , Novita Aisar
Published: February 2021

Meningkatnya permintaan akan sumberdaya pangan laut di Indonesia telah mendorong pemerintah untuk mengambil langkah-langkah menambah produksi pangan laut dengan mengembangkan budidaya perikanan air payau di wilayah pesisir. Salah satunya dengan pengembangan usaha tambak masyarakat sistem terpal bundar. Pemilihan sistem terpal bundar dianggap salah satu solusi yang cukup efektif dan efisien mengingat adanya beberapa kendala atau keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat khususnya di Desa Paluh Manan. Beberapa permasalahan tersebut diantaranya adalah keterbatasan jumlah dan kesesuaian lahan, modal, kualitas benur, pertumbuhan penyakit, informasi dan teknologi. Selain itu, adanya anggapan di masyarakat bahwa budidaya udang vaname akan menguntungkan jika dibudidayakan secara semi intensif dan intensif yang dalam pengoperasiannya memerlukan investasi cukup besar. Menjawab permasalahan ini, melalui penerapan budidaya udang vaname menggunakan terpal bundar maka masyarakat secara langsung sudah memangkas biaya pembelian lahan dan pembuatan tambak. Selanjutnya, melalui penerapan teknologi pendeteksi kualitas air pada aplikasi probiotik maka kekhawatiran akan tingkat keberhasilan yang rendah karena benur rentan mati baik akibat ketidaksesuaian air maupun akibat penyakit (virus dan bakteri) dapat diminimalisir semaksimal mungkin.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN SOAL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) DI SMK PEMBANGUNAN DENPASAR
Authors: Ayuningsih Ni Putu Meina , Dwijayani Ni Made , Ciptahadi Ketut Gus Oka
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The low HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) students based on the results of PISA 2015 in mathematics shows the characteristics of mathematics learning are still familiar with Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) questions. Based on this, HOTS math problems need to be developed at the Vocational high school education level. The difficulty of the teacher in applying HOTS questions is due to the lack of information obtained by the teacher and the lack of sharing activities to compile HOTS questions. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide training for vocational mathematics teachers in making HOTS questions. This community service activity is in the form of training for Mathematics Teachers of Denpasar Development Vocational School and involving all teachers of mathematics subjects. The partner in this dedication activity named I Made Surya Mega Widiastha, S.Pd is one of the mathematics teachers at the Denpasar Development Vocational School. The implementation of community service activities is carried out through three stages, namely planning, implementation, and reflection. Based on the results of the questionnaire given to the partners and to the school, the results of the service have been able to run well.            Keywords: Dedication, Mathematics, Training, Hots  Abstrak: Rendahnya HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) siswa berdasarkan hasil PISA 2015 dalam matematika  menunjukkan karakteristik pembelajaran matematika masih terbiasa dengan soal-soal Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dikembangkan soal matematika HOTS di jenjang pendidikan sekolah menengah Kejuruan. Kesulitan guru dalam menerapkan soal-soal HOTS dikarenakan kurangnya informasi yang diperoleh guru serta minimnya kegiatan sharing untuk menyusun soal HOTS. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk memberikan pelatihan bagi guru matematika SMK dalam membuat soal-soal HOTS. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa pelatihan kepada guru matematika SMK Pembangunan Denpasar dan melibatkan semua guru mata pelajaran matematika. Mitra pada kegiatan pengabdian ini bernama I Made Surya Mega Widiastha, S.Pd merupakan salah satu guru matematika di SMK Pembangunan Denpasar. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, implementasi, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang diberikan kepada pihak mitra maupun ke pihak sekolah diperoleh hasil pengabdian sudah dapat berjalan dengan baik. Kata kunci: Pengabdian, Matematika, Pelatihan, Hots