bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Intellectual Property Rights on Access to Medicines in the WHO African Region: 25 Years after the TRIPS Agreement
Authors: Motari Marion , Nikiema Jean-Baptiste , Kasilo Ossy Muganga Julius , Kniazkov Stanislav , Loua Andre , Sougou Aissatou , Tumusiime Prosper
Published: December 2020

Background It is now 25 years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medicines, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in collaboration with stakeholders. This study analyses the role of intellectual property on access to medicines in the African Region. Methods: We analyze patent data from the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) to provide a situational analysis of patenting activity and trends. We also review legislation to assess how TRIPS flexibilities are implemented in countries. Results Patenting was low for African countries. Only South Africa and Cameroon appeared in the list of top ten originator countries for ARIPO and OAPI respectively. Main diseases covered by African patents were HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and tumors. Majority countries have legislation allowing for compulsory licensing and parallel importation of medicines, while the least legislated flexibilities were explicit exemption of pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter, new or second use of patented pharmaceutical products, imposition of limits to patent term extension and test data protection. 39 countries have applied TRIPS flexibilities, with the most common being compulsory licensing and least developed country transition provisions. Discussion Countries of the WHO African Region operate within a multi-layered –intellectual property regulatory landscape globally and at regional level which is characterized by inconsistencies and misalignment which limit the extent to which countries can implement TRIPS flexibilities. Conclusions Opportunities exist for WHO to work with ARIPO and OAPI to support countries in reviewing their legislation to be more responsive to public health needs.
Mapping of female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates to socioeconomic factors cohort: Path diagram analysis
Authors: Peng Qiongle , Ren Xiaoling , Cui Bing , Cui Henggui
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females around the world. Its occurrence and development has been linked to genetic factors, living habits and health conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study on breast cancer of females in several developed countries between 1980 and 2012. The path diagram analysis for five factors, i.e. years, population, gross domestic product, gross domestic product per capita, and unemployment rate, were conducted using Excel database function, and the effects on breast cancer incidence and mortality rates were analyzed. International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse was used to determine the incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer data from several developed countries for 1980–2012. RESULTS: The relationship between socioeconomic factors and the occurrence and development of breast cancer did not follow a monotonic function. We found a positive, significant association of national public wealth on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. In addition to the significant relationship between individual physical and psychological characteristics, social pressure, such as unemployment rate has a significant impact on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The path coefficients in the structural equations model are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer is 0.18 and 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship between the socioeconomic development and the crude rates of female breast cancer was shown in this study. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer can be regulated effectively by a moderate increase in national public wealth, and clearly was affected by the individual’s economic wealth. In addition, the influence of social pressure (e.g., unemployment rate) on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate also showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.
Measuring health care experiences that matter to Indigenous people in Australia with cancer: identifying critical gaps in existing tools
Authors: Green Monica , Cunningham Joan , Anderson Kate , Griffiths Kalinda , Garvey Gail
Published: December 2020

Background: Measurement of patients’ healthcare experiences is increasingly used as an indicator of quality of care, but there are concerns that existing measures omit information that is meaningful to patients and that results may not be used systematically to inform service improvement. Further, current approaches may be inadequate for some population groups, such as Indigenous people in Australia, whose healthcare experience is impacted by the context of colonisation and discordance between Indigenous understandings of health and the Western biomedical health system. This study aimed to assess the extent to which existing patient experience measures used in Australia collect information about critical aspects of cancer care, as previously identified by Indigenous people affected by cancer and their health care providers.Methods: A two-stage process was used to examine the adequacy of existing patient experience measures for Indigenous people in Australia: (1) relevant tools and measures were identified and assessed, and four measures selected as suitable comparators; (2) comparators were examined in detail and mapped against topics identified in earlier research as important to Indigenous people with cancer. Gaps in topic coverage in comparators were identified. Results: No comparators completely captured the critical aspects of cancer care identified by Indigenous people affected by cancer and their health care providers. The number of topics ‘partially’ captured by the four comparators ranged from 4 to 7 out of 9. While most topics were partially covered, the lack of questions around culture and cultural safety was notable. Conclusions: Existing tools are likely to miss key aspects of Indigenous peoples’ experiences of cancer care in Australia. Failure to adequately assess care experiences related to cultural safety may compromise efforts to improve health outcomes. Addressing gaps requires development of experience measures that are strengths-based, reflect an Indigenous worldview and measure aspects of experience relevant to Indigenous people.
‘Honeycrisp’ Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Fruit Response to Controlled Atmosphere Storage with the Low Oxygen Limit Established by Monitoring Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: Mattheis James , Rudell David R.
Published: December 2020

Postharvest management of apple fruit ripening using controlled atmosphere (CA) storage can be enhanced because CA oxygen concentration is decreased to close to the anaerobic compensation point (ACP). Monitoring fruit chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is a technology to assess fruit response to low pO2 as fluorescence increases as pO2 reaches a critically low concentration. This type of pO2 management has been referred to as dynamic atmosphere storage (DCA). Use of very low pO2 can enhance post-storage apple fruit quality for many cultivars, allowing better firmness retention and prevention of superficial scald, compared with fruit stored at higher pO2 during CA. ‘Honeycrisp’ is a chilling-sensitive cultivar with little risk of firmness loss or superficial scald during storage; however, other aspects of fruit-quality loss during storage, including soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), peel greasiness, and physiological disorder development may be impacted by pO2. A 2-year study was conducted to identify ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit-quality impacts of CA storage with a low-pO2 setpoint determined by using CF. ‘Honeycrisp’ apples were held 7 days at 10 °C after harvest, then at 3 °C. An additional treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was conducted in year two. CA was established 48 hours after transfer to 3 °C. In both years, fruit CF increased when pO2 decreased to ≈0.3 kPa O2 and then decreased after pO2 was increased to 0.5 kPa. Additional CA pO2 concentrations above 0.3 kPa were also maintained for other fruit. Fruit internal disorder incidence increased as pO2 decreased and with 1-MCP use. Changes in SSC, TA, and peel yellowing were inconsistently reduced by storage at lower pO2. Peel greasiness did not develop in either year. CA did not impact the incidence of chilling disorders regardless of pO2. Results indicate some aspects of ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit quality can be enhanced as CA pO2 decreases; however, pO2 above the low pO2 threshold did not prevent internal physiological disorder development.
The command of comfort in an intelligent building by speech classification and image classification for energy optimization
Authors: Ahmed Henni Sid , Caelen Jean
Published: December 2020

Comfort command is a solution to optimize energy in an intelligent building. Our goal is to achieve an optimum and robust system, for the command of comfort. Speech and image classification are considered to be two systems that have worked well for comfort command, but both systems have drawbacks. After several studies, we noted that the inconveniences of the speech classification are solved by adding in parallel a classification of the image and the same thing for the disadvantages of the classification of images that are resolved by adding in parallel a system of speech classification. It means that these two systems work at the same time to achieve a robust and optimum system for comfort command.
The Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Education Programme in Kelantan, Malaysia on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Stigma Towards Tuberculosis among Adolescents
Authors: Idris Nur Aiza , Zakaria Rosnani , Muhamad Rosediani , Nik Husain Nik Rosmawati , Ishak Azlina , Wan Mohammad Wan Mohd Zahiruddin
Published: December 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is contagious and the transmission risk is high in congregate settings like school. Incidence of TB among adolescents is significantly high hence an education programme was developed to improve knowledge, attitude, practice and stigma (KAPS) among them.
Methods: This school-based, non-randomised controlled study was conducted among secondary school students with a total of 236 respondents. The KAPS score were assessed before and 1 month after using self-administered validated KAPS questionnaire on TB. Analysis was done using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: The mean percentage score (SD) for baseline knowledge, attitude, practice and stigma score for the respondents were 54.0 (4.48), 65.6 (1.74), 70.0 (1.43) and 66.0 (6.88), respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the knowledge and stigma score for intervention group compared to control group, adjusted for gender, ethnicity and smoking status 4 weeks post-TB educational programme. However, with regards to attitude and practice score, there was no significant difference (P = 0.210 and P = 0.243, respectively).
Conclusion: TB education programme was effective in improving knowledge and stigma related to TB. This health education programme can be used as one of the strategies for the prevention and control of TB in schools.
Foodborne viruses — an emerging pathogens
Authors: Velebit B.
Published: December 2020

Viral foodborne illnesses which have become a significant cause of all reported foodborne illnesses in recent years and considered as an emerging risk in veterinary public health. Foodborne transmission can occur by contamination of food by infected food handlers, by contamination of food during the production process and by consumption of products of animal origin harboring a zoonotic virus. Microbiological genomics studies discovered that noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses were primarily associated with food-handler transmission and sewage-contaminated foods while hepatitis E was associated with consumption of raw or undercooked meat of pig or wild animals. Routine harmonized surveillance of viral outbreaks, and surveillance of virus occurrence in food commodities, in combination with systematic strain typing, and joint expertise from veterinary, food, and clinical microbiologists would be recommended to aid source attribution studies and identify risk prevention measures.
Research of the physical and chemical properties and methods of Red rice (food colour) determination in sausage products
Authors: Rudometova N. V. , Kim I. S.
Published: December 2020

In Russia, in the production of meat and sausage products, the food colour, named as Red rice, is use. Red rice is obtain by the cultivation the strains of the Monascus fungus on various carbohydrate substrates, for example rice. That Red rice may contain the mycotoxin citrinin, but neither the purity of the food colour nor the safety profile are regulated. The aim of this work was to study the physical and chemical properties of Red rice and to develop method for its determination in sausage products. The experiments were carried out on model and commercial samples of sausages. The samples were analyzed using spectrophotometry and highefficiency planar and liquid chromatography. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed differences in solubility, coloring power, spectral characteristics, composition and ratio of pigments in commercial samples of Red rice. The extraction parameters of colouring substances from sausages model samples were determined. It has been established that Red rice is extracted with chloroform, acetone, ethanol and its aqueous solutions. Petroleum ether was proposed for degreasing sausages. Red rice from sausages was extracted with acetone because it did not extract synthetic colours and carminic acid. It was found, that 90% of Red rice is extracted from samples of sausages by double extraction with ultrasonic treatment with a power of 128 W. High performance thin layer chromatography method and high performance liquid chromatography method for the Red rice identification was proposed. The content of Red rice in the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric method. The developed method for the determination of Red rice was tested on commercial samples of sausage products.
The formation of flavoring characteristics of meat products by changing the chemical composition of food compositions
Authors: Ivankin A. N. , Vostrikova N. L. , Krasulya O. N. , Kazakova E. V. , Kulikovskii A. V. , Knyazeva A. S.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the study of changes in flavour characteristics when using corrective additives. Monosodium glutamate, ribotide, yeast extract and hydrolysate of vegetable soy protein were used as flavoring additives (FA). To assess the effect of composition of meat product recipe, as well as the method of FA‑introduction on taste intensity, the recipes of model meat systems with partial replacement of meat raw materials were used. Pork fat, soy protein and potato starch were used as meat substitutes. The effect of recipe composition on the content of non-volatile substances of aroma was accessed. It is shown that replacement of pork by pork fat in the recipe by 20–40% led to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aromatic substances and a decrease in intensity of taste of the finished product several times. The ways for taste correction using FA was studied. For this, a chopped semi-finished product — minced meat was prepared from chilled whole-muscle pork and 0.05% of each FA was added. It is shown that the dynamics of changes in the content of free amino acids is the most pronounced when using monosodium glutamate not as a mono-additive, but in compositions: monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide. A pool of chemical compounds involved in the formation of taste and aroma of products was detected. The main components were derivatives of C6–C24 fatty acids, as well as a significant number of other biochemical compounds, mainly substituted amines, amides, alcohols and ketones, with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mg/kg. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the most delicious and attractive samples were those containing monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide.
THE EFFECT OF AUDITOR’S COMPETENCE AND INDEPENDENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEM AUDIT QUALITY
Authors: Setiawan Santy , Carolina Yenni , Kristiani Aura
Published: December 2020

Users of financial statements always rely on the results of audits conducted by competent andindependent auditors because the audits are carried out through quality processes and efforts. Competent and independent auditors are needed to obtain quality audit results. Because most modern information systems use information technology, the information technology audits become an important component in all external and internal audits. This study aims to examine the effect of auditor’s competence and auditor’s independence on the information systems audit quality. The research sample used in this study is external auditors working in public accounting firms in West Java. The statistical test instrument used is a multiple regression test. The results show that the auditor's competence has an effect on information systems audit quality, while the auditor’s independence has no effect on information systems audit quality.
THE EFFECT OF FEE AND MOTIVATION ON CORRUPTION ERADICATION USING KPK PERFORMANCE AS THE INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Sari Eko Gumaya , Rahmat Dede , Widjaya Sofyan
Published: December 2020

This research aims to find out the effect of fee and motivation on the eradication of corruption. Rewarding or giving fees has been set in Government Regulation Number 43 of 2018 concerning procedures for involving community participation and awarding in the prevention and eradication of criminal acts of corruption. Based on the Government Regulation No. 43 of 2018, those who provide information to law enforcers regarding allegations of corruption will get awards in the form of charter and premiums, or also called fees/rewards, ranging up to a maximum of IDR 200 million. In addition, certain motivation will also influence community to play a role in eradicating corruption.This research uses qualitative data or primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to the public, economic observers, and practitioners. Data testing is done using Data Path analysis with Smart PLS. The number of valid and reliable sample data to be analyzed is as many as 40 samples. The results of this research show that fees/rewards have a positive and significant effect on corruption eradication. Motivation has a negative and not significant effect on corruption eradication. The variable of fees/rewards has a positive effect on corruption eradication mediated by the KPK performance. Motivation has a negative effect on corruption eradication mediated by the KPK performance. In this digital era,with super-sophisticated technology, the millennia generation has a very critical mindset in assessing the performance of the KPK. The Corruption Eradication Commission (Indonesia: Komisi Pemberantsan Korupsi/KPK), however, can provide confidence to the public that the community participation will make it easy for the KPK to carry out its work.
ANALYSIS OF RITA WIDYASARI’S GRATIFICATION CASE IN THE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Authors: Albertus Frendly , Ahamung Muh. Harianto , Hidayat Pahmi
Published: December 2020

Kutai Kartanegara Regency is one of regencies in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The capital city is located in Tenggarong Sub-district. Kutai Kartanegara Regency has an area of 27,263.10 km², with sea area of approximately 4,097 km², which is divided into 18 sub-districts and 225 villages with a population of 626,286 (2010 census). Geographically, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is located between 115° 26'28" East Longitude - 117 ° 36'43" East Longitude and 1° 28'21" North Latitude - 1° 08'06" South Latitude.
Halal Branding; A Religious Doctrine in the Development of Islamic Da'wah
Authors: Rachman Abdul
Published: December 2020

Halal Branding has become a trend and will continue to grow. Halal Branding is implemented in almost all fields, especially food, medicine, cosmetics, fashion, and even tourism. Muslims use halal Branding as a guarantee of consuming a product to avoid sins. Meanwhile, Halal Branding is used by non-Muslims, one of which is for business and consumption purposes. Halal Branding not only guarantees the product is healthy and safe but also as Islamic religious doctrine. This study aims to determine how much Halal Branding is trying to ground the halal concept as the best concept in the halal lifestyle. Another objective is to observe various approaches in developing Halal Branding so that the existence of Halal Branding as a religious doctrine can become a medium for preaching to all groups, including non-Muslims, so that the acceleration of the development of Islamic da'wah will be more aggressive. This paper is expected to be used as knowledge and development of halal in life aspects to be appropriately implemented. Research results show that halal Branding indirectly into religious doctrine on halal products and become a useful tool of Islamic da'wah.
Analysis of the Effect of Visual Merchandising, Store Atmosphere and Sales Promotion on Impulse Buying Behavior
Authors: Nurudin Nurudin
Published: December 2020

Consumer behavior undergoes a very dynamic and significant development, which is caused by various factors. Consumer behavior is related to the factors behind the interest and decision to buy. This study aims to determine the effect of visual merchandising, store atmosphere, and sales promotion on impulse buying behavior. The method used in this research is quantitative. The sample used is supermarket consumers in Demak. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The results showed that visual merchandising had a significant effect on impulsive buying behavior, store atmosphere has a considerable impact on impulsive buying behavior, and sales promotion significantly affected impulsive buying behavior. Therefore, in the future, if you want to optimize buyer interest, these three factors need to be considered.
Islamic Entrepreneur Resilience Model: Retail Business Survives During Crisis
Authors: Junusi Rahman El , Mubarok Ferry Khusnul
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 affects all sectors, including micro, small and medium enterprises. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the resilience of Muslim retail entrepreneurs and to develop models of entrepreneurial strength in the face of crises due to Covid 19. The research sample used 160 Muslim retail entrepreneurs who are members of the Sampoerna Retail Community (SRC). The analytical techniques used are factor analysis and SEM model testing with AMOS. From the results of the factor analysis, there are six variables, namely resilience capacity entrepreneurship, customer orientation, retailer's attitude, social capacity, Islamic Spirituality and digital marketing that affect the resilience of Muslim retail entrepreneurs. The model developed shows that social capital is not significant in explaining the resilience capacity of Muslim retail entrepreneurs. For that, we need encouragement, support, coaching and support to empower retail business businesses.
Effect of Pollen Grains on the color of Honey from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.
Authors: Golub Olga , Chekryga Galina , Motovilov Oleg
Published: December 2020

Introduction. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, the Siberian Federal district produced 8,464.06 tons of natural polyand monofloral honey in 2019. The share of the Altai region was 45.37%, Krasnoyarsk region – 7.8%, regions, Omsk – 7.0%, and Novosibirsk – 6.3%. The color of honey is one of the main identifying characteristics of products. It largely depends on the chemical composition of pollen grains of honey plants. Therefore, it is relevant to study the color of honey from the nectar of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.

Study objects and methods. The research featured honey samples produced from the nectar of Melilotus officinalis (L.) flowers. The honey was centrifuged and pumped in 2018 on the territory of the Altai region. The research involved standard methods, as well as an authentic method for determining the dominant pollen grains. The method was based on preserving the morphological features of pollen grains and did not change their spatial location, thus making it possible to determine their real content in honey.

Results and discussion. The honey color was affected by pollen grains of honey-bearing plants: 1) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (84.89%) > Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. (1.0%) > Convolvulus arvensis L. (0.97%) > Origanum vulgare (L.) (0.97%) > Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (11.20%); 2) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (49.24%) > Dracocephalum nutans L. (7.58%) > Trifolium pratense L. (9.09%) > Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (18.18%) > Sonchus arvensis L. (2.07%); 3) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. (54.05%) > Helianthus annuus L. (14.87%) > Linaria vulgaris Mill. (2.70%) > Arctium tomentosum Mill. (4.05%) > Trifolium repens L. (8.47%) > Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons. (10.81%). Color and nutritional value depended mostly on two factors. The first factor was represented by flavonoid compounds (leucoanthocyanins, catechins, flavonols, etc.) of pollen grains of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Brassicaceae Burnett, nom. cons., and Helianthus annuus L. Their contents were 5.2, 3.1, and 2.8%, respectively. The other factor involved carotenoids – Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. and Origanum vulgare (L.). Their contents were 50.0, 37.3, and 28.7 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusion. The research featured honey from the flowers of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. obtained from the South of the Siberian Federal District. Its color proved to be one of the main sensory properties necessary for establishing the botanical profile of the plants. The color depended on the secondary pollen grains of honey plants, containing flavonoid compounds and carotenoids.
Isotopes of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Ethanol in Fruit Wines
Authors: Oganesyants Lev , Panasyuk Alexander , Kuzmina Elena , Ganin Mikhail
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Like any other food product, alcoholic drinks are subject to falsification. The present research featured various methods of analysis that can be applied to control the quality and authenticity of wine production. In case of doubt, experts apply national and interstate standards, the most informative of which are based on the isotopic mass spectrometry principle. Fruit winemaking relies on beet or cane sugar. Researchers have to develop a method to identify the difference between conditionally exogenous alcohols, which are formed during fermentation, and real exogenous alcohols, introduced in the form of rectified ethyl alcohol of grain origin. In order to identify non-grape alcohol, experts measure the ratio of ethanol carbon isotopes in the wine. However, δ13C‰ alone is not sufficient to analyze fruit wines and other alcohol drinks. Ratios of 18O/16O and D/H isotopes can become an extra criterion to test the authenticity of fruit table wines.

Study objects and methods. The mass spectrometric complex Delta V Advantage Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA) provided a precise analysis of 13C/12C, 18O/16O, D/H isotopes. Wine samples were prepared in laboratory conditions from six types of fruits: apples, pears, cherries, black currants, plums, and chokeberries. Apple wine was obtained from fermented wort; other samples were fermented from pulp. Fermentation temperature was 20 ± 2°C, while the yeast race was represented by Vishnyovaya 33.

Results and discussion. In fruit wine production, grain ethanol is the most popular falsification tool: it increases alcohol content instead of sugar, and sometimes even without fermentation process. In this regard, the research focused on carbon, oxygen, and grain alcohols hydrogen isotope characteristics, as well as fruit wines, obtained as a result of technology violation. The fruit wine alcohol mixes developed from joint fermentation of fruit sugars and introduced sugary substances. Cane sugar, beet sugar, and corn glucose and fructose syrup were added to the wort or pulp to establish the isotopic characteristics of the mix. The rate of exogenous alcohol production was 5% by volume.

Conclusion. The analysis of δ13C‰ indicator failed to detect introduced grain alcohol. The analysis of isotopes of all atoms in the ethanol molecule, namely carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, proved to be much more effective. The introduction of sugary substances prior to or during fruit juice fermentation provided the required alcohol content. It also reduced the numerical value of δ18O‰ of ethanol, which makes it significantly different from that of fortified fruit wines obtained by introducing grain alcohol into fermented fruit juice. Thus, the δD‰ indicator can serve as an additional criterion in order to identify possible violations of technological process of fruit table wines production.
New Safety Management System for Pasta Production
Authors: Fazullina Oliya , Smirnov Stanislav
Published: December 2020

Introduction. New food safety management systems (FSMS) can contribute to safe production of high quality products that meet the current legal and regulatory standards. The research objective was to develop requirements for a new FSMS, which would make it possible to produce quality pasta made from whole-grain flour and vegetable powders. Study objects and methods. The research featured a whole-grain pasta factory, a technological process of vegetable pasta production, and various elements of FSMS. Results and discussion. The article introduces product description and process flow chart for successful development, implementation, and maintenance of a new FSMS of pasta production. It describes potential physical, chemical, and biological hazards, as well as critical processes. The hazard analysis included probability level and severity of consequences. The study revealed the related unacceptable risks and critical control points, as well as their critical limits. Six critical control points were identified at the stages of kneading, pressing, drying, and stabilization. The paper contains a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan with a full description of the controlled parameters, their critical limits, monitoring systems, and corrective actions. Conclusion. The new HACCP-based safety management system reduces the response time and increases the responsibility of personnel. It reduces possible losses in case of failures or returns as it improves the product quality. The developed FSMS gives new market options and increases the loyalty of consumers and business partners. As a result, the company becomes more efficient in achieving its goals.
Visualization System for Traffic Accident Data
Authors: Chenlu Su , Yating Hong , Tianyi Liu , Mehmood Raja Majid
Published: December 2020

At present, the traffic problem is a problem that the government attaches great importance to. Many papers also put forward their own visualization models for traffic problems. This research focused on the Map-matching and Spatial-temporal Visualization of Expressway Traffic Accident Information and improves the original two-dimensional visual model of accident rate into a three-dimensional model. The goal is to represent more attributes in a visual model and make them easier to compare, so as to provide users with more intuitive visual information.
Abscisic acid utilizing rhizobacteria disturb nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of pea Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Belimov Andrey , Shaposhnikov Alexander , Safronova Vera , Gogolev Yuri
Published: December 2020

Rhizosphere bacteria are capable of utilizing various phytohormones (particularly auxins) as nutrients and thereby affect plant growth, nutrition and interactions with symbiotic microorganisms. Here, for the first time we evaluated the effects of rhizosphere bacteria Novosphingobium sp. P6W and Rhodococcus sp. P1Y capable of utilizing abscisic acid (ABA) on growth and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of pea (Pisum sativum L.) line SGE and its Cd-insensitive mutant SGECdt using hydroponic culture. The plants were co-inoculated with the ABA-utilizing bacteria and nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1066. Treatment with cadmium (Cd) was applied as an inducer of ABA biosynthesis in plants. In the presence of only nodule bacteria, Cd significantly inhibited the growth of roots and shoots and also decreased the nodule number and nitrogen-fixing activity in SGE peas, but not in the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation with ABA-utilizing bacteria also inhibited biomass production, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation of Cd-untreated SGE plants. This negative effect of bacteria on the SGECdt mutant was less pronounced. Contrary to this, ABA-utilizing bacteria had no effect on SGE plants treated with Cd, but decreased shoot biomass and nitrogen-fixing activity of the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation with ABA-utilizing bacteria had no effect on shoot Cd and nutrient content of both pea genotypes, suggesting that bacterial effects on plants were not associated with the plant nutrient status. We propose that the bacteria counteracted the increased ABA concentrations in SGE roots caused by Cd due to utilization of this phytohormone. However, opposite processes aimed at inhibiting and stimulating growth and legume–rhizobia symbiosis can be caused by the ABA-utilizing bacteria.
Natural molecules as modulators of epigenetic silencing in human cells for cancer care and aging
Authors: Kosianova Aleksandra , Tiasto Vladlena , Yatsunskaya Margarita , Khotimchenko Yuri , Kagansky Alexander
Published: December 2020

The etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumor growth are associated with impaired gene expression, leading to accelerated proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and metabolic deregulations with abnormal blood supply and innervation. Currently, hundreds of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes are known. Mutations, epigenetic alterations, exposure to viruses, and other environmental factors can cause pathological changes in gene expression. The key mechanisms of carcinogenesis are now considered to be linked to epigenetic events. A better understanding of epigenetic targets and pathways is needed to develop new strategies in antitumor chemotherapy. The majority of modern cancer drugs were taken from nature, yet only a small fraction of natural molecular diversity has been explored to date. Therefore, there is great interest in identifying new natural molecules for modulating gene expression by rewiring epigenetic pathways. This review is focused on examples of known natural molecules available to biomedicine, especially ones capable of modulating epigenetic landscapes and therefore relevant for cancer prevention and aging.
Chemoprotective Effect of Leaf Extracts of Cecropia distachya Huber (Urticaceae) in Mice Submitted to Oxidative Stress Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Luiz Tatiane Cordeiro , Rialto Luiz Henrique , De Moura Fernando Rafael , Aguiar Danilo Henrique , Sugui Marina Mariko , Bicudo Rogério De Campos , Sinhorin Adilson Paulo , Sinhorin Valéria Dornelles Gindri
Published: December 2020

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemoprotective effects of the embaúba Cecropia distachya Huber (two methanolic fractions: F1 and F2) on oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) in mice, as well as phytochemical analyzes by LC-MS/MS. In the experimental model, the fractions increased the hepatic and cardiac catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) of the kidney and the heart. F1 increased platelet levels (PLT), hemogram (RBC), hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) and F1 reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased. F1 was attributed to possible hypoglycemic activity and possible immunosuppressive effects and F2 presented antimutagenic activity. In some cases, the fractions were also hepatotoxic. These results demonstrated that the fractions stimulate the antioxidant defenses, being hypoglycemic (F1) and antimutagenic (F2), and, the harmful effects attributed to the fractions may be the association of compounds that were not elucidated in this work.
Pedagogía y Psicología Comunitaria: Fronteras y Conexiones en Monsieur Lazhar, entre les Murs y la Ola
Authors: Pallarès Piquer Marc , Hernández Albarracín Juan Diego , Planella Ribera Jordi , Said Elías
Published: December 2020

El artículo presenta una investigación sobre las relaciones entre el campo pedagógico y la psicología comunitaria. Se trata de dos campos disciplinares que históricamente han mantenido relaciones y se han cruzado en múltiples contextos, pero que cada una de ella se enmarca en epistemologías distintas. A partir del análisis de tres películas (Profesor Lazar, Entre les murs y La Ola) y desde la concepción del cine como creador de mundos y transcodificador de la sociedad, mostramos una cartografía de relaciones educativas no homogéneas. Concluimos que la relación de los sujetos con el mundo que les acoge es bicéfala, pedagógica y psicológica a la vez, no pudiendo prescindir de los elementos de orden formativo ni de la producción de subjetividad desde lo psico-comunitario.
Renewable Sources and their Applications in Biotechnological Processes
Authors: Mascarenhas Santos Maria do Socorro , Batistote Margareth
Published: December 2020

Brazil has edaphoclimatic conditions to produce a diversity of crops with energetic potential. Thus, the study aims to correlate the technological parameters of biomasses suitable for fermentation, quantify metabolites produced by yeast FT-858, as well as assess the yield and fermentative efficiency for bioethanol production. It was performed studies of technological qualities of the biomasses and fermentative capacity test. For metabolites production, the yeast FT-858 was pre-grown in liquid medium (YPD 2%), recovered and inoculated in the substrates, and aliquots were collected for analysis of ethanol concentration by gas chromatography and glycerol accumulation by enzymatic kit of triglycerides. The yield and fermentative efficiency were assessed by consumption of sugar using DNS method, and ethanol density using digital densimeter. According to the results, the yeast presented better performance in saccharine sorghum, which also presented more expressive values of fermentative efficiency and yield. Saccharine sorghum has great bioenergetic potential and can be used as complement to sugarcane to increase ethanol production.
Composição, Uso Potencial e Gerenciamento de Recursos Vegetais em um Tipo de Sistema Agroflorestal como Estratégia de Manutenção e Conservação
Authors: Ribeiro Karen Veloso , Amorim Alexandre Nojoza , Barros Roseli Farias Melo de
Published: December 2020

Quintais rurais são espaços voltados especialmente, para a subsistência alimentar. Objetivou-se realizar levantamento etnobotânico dos quintais rurais das comunidades Buritirana e Recanto, município de Amarante/Piauí, comparando-os entre si, de modo a contribuir com informações sobre a biodiversidade local ainda pouco estudada. Os dados foram levantados por meio de “rapport”, entrevistas semiestruturadas e turnê-guiada com os mantenedores dos quintais maiores de 18 anos. Os dados foram analisados quali-quantitativamente pelo índice de Shannon-Wierner e Jaccard. Curvas de dispersão também foram elaboradas para averiguar correlações entre área versus número de espécies e idade do quintal versus número de espécies. A comunidade Buritirana se mostrou mais diversa (H’= 4,45) em relação à comunidade Recanto (H’= 4,32). O índice de Jaccard evidenciou alta similaridade entre as duas localidades. Não houve correlação entre área e número de espécies, entretanto, a idade do quintal com o número de espécies, se mostraram positivamente correlacionadas.
Rentabilidad y el Costo de Estudiar Educación Superior en Chile: Reflexiones para la Discusión
Authors: Améstica-Rivas Luis , Llinas-Audet Xavier , Escardíbul Josep-Oriol
Published: December 2020

El sistema de educación superior chileno ha dado respuesta a su creciente matrícula y masificación, especialmente en estudiantes de estratos socioeconómicos bajos, a través del aumento importante de becas y préstamos del Estado. Este último instrumento de financiamiento ha posibilitado un aumento de egresados de las universidades chilenas, posibilitándole obtener su título universitario e insertarse en el mercado laboral. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es aportar a la discusión teórica sobre la problemática de la rentabilidad y el costo de estudiar educación superior en Chile, con el fin de obtener lecciones para nuevas políticas públicas. Para ello, se realiza un enfoque documental. Se evidencia que Chile posee una de las tasas de retorno de la educación superior más alta entre los países de la OECD. Sin embargo, se observa una rentabilidad heterogénea de las carreras, que conlleva realidades distintas en los ingresos de los egresados. Pero más aún se cuestiona, el alto costo de los precios de las carreras y por ende, un elevado endeudamiento de varias generaciones de estudiantes producto de la política de Estado que liberalizó la formas de financiamiento con la presencia de bancos privados y con un importante costo para el aparato estatal que inyectó recursos al sistema para garantizar el riesgo de no pago.
La Influencia de los Regímenes de Gobernanza sobre la Calidad de las Titulaciones Universitarias: Un Estudio Exploratorio desde Chile
Authors: Rodriguez-Ponce Emilio , Pedraja-Rejas Liliana , Rodriguez-Ponce Juan
Published: December 2020

Las instituciones de educación superior, en sus diferentes niveles, deben responder a las exigencias crecientes del entorno y, a su turno, a los propios requerimientos de los miembros internos de la comunidad universitaria. Bajo esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este artículo consiste en explorar las eventuales relaciones entre los tipos de gobernanza dominantes a nivel de Facultades y la calidad de las carreras o titulaciones de pregrado impartidas por las mismas. Para ello se trabaja con la estrategia de investigación del estudio de caso en una universidad chilena; en la que a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas al equipo directivo y al cuerpo académico de cuatro Facultades se busca conocer la perspectiva que tienen en relación a la gobernanza de sus propias unidades, mientras que la calidad se asocia a la proporción de titulaciones o carreras acreditadas junto a los años de acreditación logrados por las mismas. Los hallazgos de la investigación sugieren que, en el caso analizado, el régimen de gobernanza burocrático a nivel de Facultades se asocia con mejores resultados en la calidad de las titulaciones, mientras que el régimen de gobernanza colegial e incluso el régimen de gobernanza de partes interesadas, poseen niveles inferiores de acreditación en sus titulaciones; sugiriéndose, por tanto, que la focalización en las exigencias ministeriales y en los requerimientos de agencias de calidad contribuyen a cumplir mejor con tales demandas y permiten un mayor alineamiento lo que, a su vez, es premiado con una mejor acreditación.
Integración de la Educación Emocional como Nuevo eje Conformador en el Grado Universitario de Turismo
Authors: Barrientos Báez Almudena , Caldevilla Dominguez David , Rodríguez Terceño José
Published: December 2020

En el terreno educativo, las obligaciones del Estado son entre otras, apostar por una educación libre, profesional, innovadora y con capacidad de adaptación a las demandas de la sociedad y a los cambios que se producen en la misma, frente al falso cisma estado-sociedad denunciado por Martín-Barbero (2007). La supervisión y el control por parte de la gobernanza en las universidades debiera tener como objetivo principal perseguir la calidad del servicio educativo a partir de la implantación de políticas educativas que potenciaran entre otros elementos, la relación empresa-universidad facilitando la inclusión del discente en el mundo laboral mientras realiza sus estudios y la integración de la educación emocional como nuevo eje conformador del currículum académico en el grado de Turismo. Metodología: desde un enfoque cualitativo se analizan las guías docentes con el objetivo de demostrar o refutar la inclusión de contenidos y competencias sobre la Inteligencia Emocional y la gestión de las emociones dentro de las mismas.
A Marca (In)Visível do Género na Família: Perceções de Jovens Estudantes
Authors: Martins Alcina de Oliveira , Coimbra Maria Nazaré , Sa Susana Oliveira , Oliveira José António
Published: December 2020

A Educação para a cidadania constitui, atualmente, uma das prioridades educativas, no que concerne às diretrizes curriculares vigentes no percurso escolar. Uma das temáticas privilegiadas versa sobre a identidade de género, principalmente quanto aos papéis exercidos por homens e mulheres no seio familiar, enquanto forma de reflexão sobre estereótipos e prevenção da violência doméstica. Considerando diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, que valorizam a centralidade da Educação na formação de crianças e jovens, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar as perceções de jovens estudantes sobre os papéis do homem e da mulher no quotidiano da família, a partir de marcas de género nas relações sociais. Tendo por base uma metodologia qualitativa, a recolha dos dados incidiu na análise dos comentários escritos por estudantes dos últimos anos do ensino secundário de uma escola do Porto. O estudo efetuado permitiu concluir que os estudantes têm consciência das mudanças ocorridas nos papéis do homem e da mulher, acompanhando a evolução do conceito de família e a emergência de novos modelos sociais, personificados por celebridades que conjugam responsabilidades familiares e profissionais. Contudo, ainda persistem estereótipos de género, que continuam a condicionar as relações interpessoais na família, o que comprova a importância da reflexão e consciencialização dos estudantes sobre esta temática, a reforçar em contexto escolar.