bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of tinnitus, anxiety, and depression following cochlear implant surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lamounier Pauliana , Gonçalves Victória Franco , Queiroz Isabela Carvalho , Gobbo Débora Aparecida , Bernardes Marina Nahas Dafico , Costa Claudiney Cândido , Ramos Hugo Valter Lisboa , Bahmad Fayez
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hearing loss affects ~1. 5 billion people worldwide and is the greatest risk factor for tinnitus, a condition that can further worsen people's quality of life, lead to high anxiety and depression, and affect general health and wellbeing.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the impact of cochlear implants (CIs) on tinnitus perception and quality of life and their relationship with psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety.

Methods

Thirty adults with profound bilateral hearing loss who were candidates for CI surgery and experienced tinnitus were assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments–Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires at four different time points: preoperatively, 7 days after cochlear implant activation, and 3 and 6 months after cochlear implant surgery. The International Outcome Inventory CI was applied at 3 and 6 months, and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire was applied at 6 months.

Results

The VAS and THI scores improved; however, significant improvements were only observed in the THI scores 6 months post-surgery. Time spent using hearing aids did not correlate significantly with speech recognition test scores, nor were the changes in the preoperative THI score and VAS scores or the changes in the speech recognition test scores 6 months post-surgery significantly correlated. We observed a decrease in anxiety and depression scores at the 6-month follow-up compared to the preoperative period.

Conclusion

The THI scores significantly increased after CI surgery, suggesting that the tinnitus had improved. Improved anxiety and depression scores after CI surgery were also observed. The WHOQOL-BREF quality-of-life self-evaluation scores, as well as the environment and general domains, significantly improved as well.
Development and clinical validation of passive shoulder exoskeleton with novel gravity compensation mechanism for stabilizing arm tremor of surgeons during minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Choi Ho Seon , Lee Seung Jun , In Hyunki
Published: December 2024

Introduction

During tasks like minimally invasive surgery (MIS), various factors can make working environment not be ergonomic, and those situations will accumulate fatigue in the surgeon's muscles which will inevitably lead to poor surgical performance. Therefore, there has been a need for technical solutions to solve this problem and one of the methods is exoskeleton robots.

Methods

We designed a passive shoulder exoskeleton whose workspace could be used for MIS to assist the surgeon's movements and performed computational and clinical validation. First, the joint order of the shoulder exoskeleton, which consists of three degrees of freedom, was configured differently from previous studies so that the singularity can be located outside the workspace. And a novel gravity compensation mechanism was developed to replace the existing one, which could no longer be used due to these changes on order of joints. Afterwards, it was computationally verified using statics and kinematics whether sufficient shoulder muscle assistance could be implemented for the entire developed system. Lastly, we manufactured an apparatus that simulated the surgical environment in which the shoulder exoskeleton robot would actually be used, recruited human participants, and conducted an experiment.

Results

Through computational validation, we can guess that the developed shoulder exoskeleton can provide 18.14% reduction of muscle activation to the wearers in workspace. And the results of clinical experiments with human subjects show that activation of deltoid posterior, medial and anterior decreased with average −8.33%, −14.55%, and −21.0%, respectively during MIS-simulated tasks with developed shoulder exoskeleton than without it. And arm tremor which is equals to movement variability also decreased with average 9.85% by using shoulder exoskeleton and maximum −19.5% in a certain position.

Discussion

These experimental results show that our shoulder exoskeleton and its novel gravity compensation mechanism has enough clinical effectiveness for workers of underhead tasks, especially surgeons who conduct MIS. It reduced deltoid activations of wearers and also stabilized arm tremor which are directly related to performance of fine manipulative task, so that this research implies that shoulder exoskeletons are also need for underhead tasks and our shoulder exoskeleton has possibility to contribute to those utilities.
Co-culturing neural and bone mesenchymal stem cells in photosensitive hydrogel enhances spinal cord injury repair
Authors: Bai Jianzhong , Liu Guoping , Gao Yang , Zhang Xishan , Niu Guoqi , Zhang Hongtao
Published: December 2024

In mammalian species, neural tissues cannot regenerate following severe spinal cord injury (SCI), for which stem cell transplantation is a promising treatment. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to repair SCI; however, in unfavourable microenvironments, transplanted NSCs mainly differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons. In contrast, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and regulate inflammatory responses. Owing to their easily controllable mechanical properties and similarities to neural tissue, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels offer remarkable cell biocompatibility and regulate the differentiation of NSCs. Therefore, in this study, we propose co-culturing NSCs and BMSCs within low-modulus GelMA hydrogel scaffolds to promote regeneration following SCI. In vitro comparisons revealed that the viability, proliferation, migration, and neuron differentiation capacity of cells in these low-modulus scaffolds exhibit substantially superior performance compared to those in high-modulus hydrogel scaffolds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that NSCs/BMSCs co-culture implants can remarkably enhance motor function recovery in SCI rats, reduce the area of spinal cord cavities, stimulate neuron regeneration, and suppress scar tissue formation. Thus, this hydrogel system loaded with co-cultured cells represents a promising therapeutic approach for SCI repair.
Fibroblasts modulate epithelial cell behavior within the proliferative niche and differentiated cell zone within a human colonic crypt model
Authors: Massaro Angelo , Villegas Novoa Cecilia , Wang Yuli , Allbritton Nancy L.
Published: December 2024

Colonic epithelium is situated above a layer of fibroblasts that provide supportive factors for stem cells at the crypt base and promote differentiation of cells in the upper crypt and luminal surface. To study the fibroblast-epithelial cell interactions, an in vitro crypt model was formed on a shaped collagen scaffold with primary epithelial cells growing above a layer of primary colonic fibroblasts. The crypts possessed a basal stem cell niche populated with proliferative cells and a differentiated, nondividing cell zone at the luminal crypt end. The presence of fibroblasts enhanced cell differentiation and accelerated the rate at which a high resistance epithelial cell layer formed relative to cultures without fibroblasts. The fibroblasts modulated cell proliferation within crypts increasing the number of crypts populated with proliferative cells but decreasing the total number of proliferative cells in each crypt. Bulk-RNA sequencing revealed 41 genes that were significantly upregulated and 190 genes that were significantly downregulated in cocultured epithelium relative to epithelium cultured without fibroblasts. This epithelium-fibroblast crypt model suggests bidirectional communication between the two cell types and has the potential to serve as a model to investigate fibroblast-epithelial cell interactions in health and disease.
Teaching a second language to learners with mild intellectual disabilities – a Hungarian case study
Authors: Nemes Magdolna
Published: December 2024

The present paper deals with the issues of teaching a second language to school-aged children in Hungary with mild intellectual disabilities. The frameworks for language teaching are described in the National Core Curriculum and the Frame Curriculum. In our research we conducted semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions featuring 11 language teachers, and asked for their experience in teaching a second language to children with mild intellectual disabilities. Moreover, our research involves a focus group discussion in spring 2023 featuring 8 children in Grade 7 with mild intellectual disabilities. We came to the conclusion that teachers pay attention to individual development and playful, communicative language teaching, even though it is challenging to teach English to children with such disabilities, as they often have difficulties in their mother tongue. The research has revealed there is a need for teachers to display creativity because these children require a lot of revision. The children asked do not encounter English at home and only a few of them listen to music in English. However, they all think learning English is important for their future, especially in the areas of work and travel. Our experience underlines that it is beneficial for learners with mild intellectual disabilities to get to know a foreign language, even though they will not be independent users of the language and might not use this knowledge in the future.
The influence of metaverse environment design on the quality of experience in virtual reality classes: a comparative study
Authors: Uribe Valentina , Figueroa Pablo , Gomez Vivian
Published: December 2024

We are interested in how metaverse technologies can provide an environment for future virtual education beyond traditional videoconferencing technologies. This study investigates learning and the quality of the classroom experience by conducting classes in four metaverse environments: Meta Horizon Workrooms, Spatial, Mozilla Hubs, and Arthur. Through the analysis of questionnaires, we assess the influence of factors such as avatars, spatial arrangement, mobility, and extra functionalities on concentration, usability, presence, and learning. While we did not observe significant differences in learning outcomes, our analysis reveals substantial variations in the quality of the classroom experience. Specifically, higher immersion, concentration, and presence levels were observed in metaverses with limited movement and functionalities. Also, our findings emphasize the positive impact of avatars with realistic facial expressions on enhancing the overall experience. Finally, we present lessons learned and offer recommendations for class configurations in the metaverse based on our questionnaire analysis.
Effects and safety of propofol intravenous anesthesia in transvaginal oocyte retrieval on outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ming , Zhang Fan , Lu Xiao-Sheng , Xi Hai-Tao , Zhao Jun-Zhao
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Propofol, a widely utilized anesthetic, is employed to alleviate pain and anxiety in outpatient oocyte retrieval procedures. However, its potential impact and safety profile in the context of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) remain unclear.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 1187 patients undergoing IVF-ET, and divided into two groups depending on whether they received propofol (propofol group, n=140) or not (control group, n=1047) for anesthesia during oocyte retrieval.

Results

The baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Compared with control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in propofol group was more (p=0.012), while both the estradiol (E2) level on the trigger day and the pre-ovulatory follicle count were higher in propofol group ((p<0.01). Additionally, the rate of preterm delivery was significantly higher in the propofol group (p<0.001). To further analyze the effect of propofol on the oocyte retrieval rate, patients were divided into three subgroups depending on the pre-ovulatory follicle count (≤10, 11–20, and >20) to eliminate the influence of inconsistency in the estimation of the pre-ovulatory follicle count between the two groups. Analysis revealed that the use of propofol during oocyte retrieval was particularly advantageous in the subgroup with a pre-ovulatory follicle count of 11–20, yielding a higher oocyte retrieval rate (p<0.001).

Conclusion

The use of propofol in oocyte retrieval did not adversely affect fertilization, embryo quality, or clinical outcomes. Moreover, it was found to increase the oocyte retrieval rate among patients with an estimated pre-ovulatory follicle count of 11–20. These findings offer valuable evidence supporting the clinical application of propofol in oocyte retrieval procedures.
Methodological approaches to survey complex ice cave environments - the case of Dobšiná (Slovakia)
Authors: Pukanská Katarína , Bartoš Karol , Gašinec Juraj , Pašteka Roman , Zahorec Pavol , Papčo Juraj , Bella Pavel , Andrássy Erik , Dušeková Laura , Bobíková Diana , Kseňak Ľubomír
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Dobšiná Ice Cave (Slovakia) has attracted the attention of many researchers since its discovery more than 150 years ago. Although the cave is located outside the high-mountain area, it hosts one of the largest volumes of underground perennial ice. The topographic mapping of this unique UNESCO Natural Heritage site has led to several historical surveys. In the last decades of rapid climate change, this natural formation has been subject to rapid changes that are dynamically affecting the shape of the ice body. Increased precipitation, the rise in year-round surface temperatures, and the gravity cause significant shape changes in the ice filling.

Methods

This paper describes modern technological tools to comprehensively survey and evaluate interannual changes in both the floor and wall of the underground ice body. Technologies such as digital photogrammetry, in combination with precise digital tacheometry and terrestrial laser scanning, make it possible to detect ice accumulation and loss, including the effect of sublimation due to airflow, as well as sliding movements of the ice body to the lower part of the cave. To get a comprehensive model of the ice volume, geophysical methods (microgravimetry and ground penetrating radar) have been added to determine the thickness of the floor ice in the upper parts of the cave in the last 2 years.

Results

Between 2018 and 2023, the ice volume in certain sections of the cave decreased by up to 667 m³, with notable reductions in ice thickness ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 m in areas like the Small Hall and Collapsed Dome. The study also detected dynamic changes, such as the widening of the ice tunnel by 20 cm in some sections, and a vertical ice wall in Ruffinyi’s Corridor showed localized volume losses up to 9 m3 (between 2018 and 2023). Additional geophysical methods - microgravimetry and ground penetrating radar - revealed an average ice thickness ranging from 10 to 25 m.

Discussion

The paper not only highlights the current technological possibilities but also points out the limitations of these technologies and then sets out solutions with a proposal of technological procedures for obtaining accurate geodetic and geophysical data.
Novel variant alters splicing of TGFB2 in family with features of Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Authors: Gordon Emily R. , Felker Stephanie A. , Coleman Tanner F. , Sosonkina Nadiya , Pugh Jada , Cochran Meagan E. , Hurst Anna C. E. , Cooper Sara J.
Published: December 2024

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder representing a wide spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from isolated thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection to a more severe syndromic presentation with multisystemic involvement. Significant clinical variability has been noted for both related and unrelated individuals with the same pathogenic variant. We report a family of five affected individuals with notable phenotypic variability who appear to have two distinct molecular causes of LDS, one attributable to a missense variant in TGFBR2 and the other an intronic variant 6 bp upstream from a splice junction in TGFB2. We tested the functional impacts of the variant identified in the proband alongside other variants in the region reported in ClinVar using a splice reporter system, which resulted in non-canonical splicing products for several variants including the proband. Molecular validation of the splicing products suggests that the TGFB2 variants tested impact splicing by reducing efficiency of the canonical acceptor in favor of an alternate acceptor within the exon. These data combined with clinical phenotypes and segregation of the variant with disease support the conclusion that this intronic TGFB2 variant may cause LDS in this patient and her mother. These analyses demonstrate that underappreciated intronic variants that alter splicing can be relevant for clinical phenotypes of connective tissue disease. This case highlights the importance of prompt familial cascade testing, clinical evaluation with detailed dysmorphology exam, comprehensive genetic testing, and collaboration between clinicians and scientists to characterize variants of uncertain significance to properly assess risk in LDS patients.
Stem cell graft dose and composition could impact on the expansion of donor-derived clones after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a virtual clinical trial
Authors: Stiehl Thomas
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative intervention for a broad range of diseases. However, there is evidence that malignant or pre-malignant clones contained in the transplant can expand in the recipient and trigger donor-derived malignancies. This observation has gained much attention in the context of clonal hematopoiesis, a medical condition where significant amounts of healthy blood cells are derived from a small number of hematopoietic stem cell clones. In many cases the dominating clones carry mutations conferring a growth advantage and thus could undergo malignant transformation in the recipient. Since clonal hematopoiesis exists in a significant proportion of potential stem cell donors, a more detailed understanding of its role for stem cell transplantation is required.

Methods

We propose mechanistic computational models and perform virtual clinical trials to investigate clonal dynamics during and after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Different mechanisms of clonal expansion are considered, including mutation-related changes of stem cell proliferation and self-renewal, aberrant response of mutated cells to systemic signals, and self-sustaining chronic inflammation triggered by the mutated cells.

Results

Model simulations suggest that an aberrant response of mutated cells to systemic signals is sufficient to explain the frequently observed quick expansion of the mutated clone shortly after transplantation which is followed by a stabilization of the mutated cell number at a constant value. In contrary, a mutation-related increase of self-renewal or self-sustaining chronic inflammation lead to ongoing clonal expansion. Our virtual clinical trials suggest that a low number of transplanted stem cells per kg of body weight increases the transplantation-related expansion of donor-derived clones, whereas the transplanted progenitor dose or growth factor support after transplantation have no impact on clonal dynamics. Furthermore, in our simulations the change of the donors’ variant allele frequencies in the year before stem cell donation is associated with the expansion of donor-derived clones in the recipient.

Discussion

This in silico study provides insights in the mechanisms leading to clonal expansion and identifies questions that could be addressed in future clinical trials.
Impact of inhibitory KIR ligand mismatch and other variables on outcomes following myeloablative posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based T-cell-replete haploidentical bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Kayser Sarah , Salzmann-Manrique Emilia , Serve Hubert , Bader Peter , Klusmann Jan-Henning , Seidl Christian , Schwäble Joachim , Bug Gesine , Ullrich Evelyn
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has revolutionized the landscape of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT), providing a pivotal therapeutic option for patients with hematological malignancies who lack an HLA-matched donor.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis involving 54 adult patients undergoing PTCy-based haplo-HCT, we evaluated the impact of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/HLA mismatch, alongside patient, donor, and transplant factors, on clinical outcomes within a homogeneous cohort characterized by a myeloablative conditioning regimen and bone marrow graft.

Results

With a median follow-up of 73.2 months, our findings reveal promising outcomes: 6-year overall survival, relapse-free survival, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse-free survival rates were 63% (95% CI: 51–79), 58% (95% CI: 46–74), and 42% (95% CI: 30–58), respectively. Notably, the cumulative incidence rates of relapse and non-relapse mortality at 6 years post-haplo-HCT were 29% (95% CI: 19–45) and 12% (95% CI: 6–26), respectively. Acute GVHD at day 100 posttransplantation occurred with a cumulative incidence of 33% (95% CI: 22– 49) for grades II–IV and 9% (95% CI: 3–23) for grades III–IV. Furthermore, 41% of patients developed chronic GVHD within 1 year posttransplantation, distributed as follows: 28% mild, 9% moderate, and 4% severe.

Conclusion

Within our cohort, several variables were associated with outcomes following PTCy-based haplo-HCT. However, inhibitory KIR/HLA mismatch did not influence these outcomes.
Metformin improves Mycobacterium avium infection by strengthening macrophage antimicrobial functions
Authors: Mediaas Sindre Dahl , Haug Markus , Louet Claire , Wahl Sissel Gyrid Freim , Gidon Alexandre , Flo Trude Helen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The incidence and prevalence of infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium (Mav) are increasing. Prolonged drug regimens, inherent antibiotic resistance, and low cure rates underscore the need for improved treatment, which may be achieved by combining standard chemotherapy with drugs targeting the host immune system. Here, we examined if the diabetes type 2 drug metformin could improve Mav-infection.

Methods

Metformin was administered to C57BL/6 mice infected intranasally with Mav and C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with Mav and treated with metformin over 3 weeks. Organ bacterial loads and lung pathology, inflammatory cytokines and immune cell profiles were assessed. For mechanistic insight, macrophages infected with Mav were treated with metformin alone or in combination with inhibitors for mitochondrial ROS or AMPK and assessed for bacterial burden and phagosome maturation.

Results and discussion

Three weeks of metformin treatment significantly reduced the lung mycobacterial burden in mice infected with Mav without major changes in the overall lung pathology or immune cell composition. Metformin treatment had no significant impact on tissue inflammation except for a tendency of increased lung IFNγ and infiltration of Mav-specific IFNγ-secreting T cells. Metformin did, however, boost the antimicrobial capacity of infected macrophages directly by modulating metabolism/activating AMPK, increasing mitochondrial ROS and phagosome maturation, and indirectly by bolstering type I immunity. Taken together, our data show that metformin improved the control of Mav-infection in mice, mainly by strengthening antimicrobial defenses in macrophages, and suggest that metformin has potential as an adjunct treatment of Mav infections.
Case report: Long-term response to a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a single treatment for multiple synchronous cancers: a case study
Authors: Ghammem Nour , Bischoff Herve , Chiappa Pascale , Somme Laura , Moinard-Butot Fabien
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing the antitumor immune response. This case describes an 80-year-old male with synchronous multiple primary malignancies (MPMs), including lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and brain metastatic urothelial carcinoma, who was treated with dual ICI therapy.

Case presentation

The patient, with a history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, well-differentiated neuroendocrine duodenal tumors and micronodular exogenous cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A), presented with a non-invasive bladder carcinoma (pT1N0M0) resected endoscopically in December 2022. Incidentally discovered hepatic and pulmonary tumors were confirmed as primary HCC and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (cT1bN0M0, PD-L1 expression 100%), respectively. Due to the rapid progression of pulmonary metastases secondary to HCC, dual ICI therapy (durvalumab and tremelimumab) was initiated, resulting in a partial response (>30%) according to RECISTv1.1 criteria in pulmonary and hepatic lesions. After one year of ICI therapy, cerebellar syndrome due to secondary brain lesions emerged, which was confirmed as urothelial metastases. Surgical resection of the symptomatic cerebral metastases was completed with cerebral radiotherapy, and ICIs were continued. The patient is still receiving dual ICIs.

Discussion

This case highlights the crucial role of ICIs in treating MPMs. The patient’s favourable response suggests the importance of PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker.

Conclusion

This rare case showed dual ICI therapy efficacy across multiple malignancies. Effective multidisciplinary collaboration and biomarker evaluation are crucial for managing such complex cases.
Deciphering ferroptosis in critical care: mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Tan Ruimin , Ge Chen , Yan Yating , Guo He , Han Xumin , Zhu Qiong , Du Quansheng
Published: December 2024

Ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI) across various organs and tissues, along with sepsis, significantly contribute to the progression of critical illnesses. These conditions disrupt the balance of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways, resulting in impaired physiological functions in human tissues and organs. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of programmed cell death, plays a pivotal role in regulating tissue damage and modulating inflammatory responses, thereby influencing the onset and progression of severe illnesses. Recent studies highlight that pharmacological agents targeting ferroptosis-related proteins can effectively mitigate oxidative stress caused by IRI in multiple organs, alleviating associated symptoms. This manuscript delves into the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying ferroptosis, its role in critical illnesses, and its therapeutic potential in mitigating disease progression. We aim to offer a novel perspective for advancing clinical treatments for critical illnesses.
Coastal marine heatwaves in the Santa Barbara Channel: decadal trends and ecological implications
Authors: Chan Kit Yu Karen , Kui Li , McDonald Adriane M. , Ritger Amelia L. , Hofmann Gretchen E.
Published: December 2024

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are of increasing concern due to the emerging ecological and socioeconomic impacts on coastal ecosystems. Leveraging the data of the Santa Barbara Coastal Long-Term Ecological Research project, we analyzed the MHW event metrics observed in the kelp forest ecosystem and across Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA. Not only was there a significant positive trend in the number of MHWs recorded, their duration and intensity were also increasing over time. MHWs were detected year-round, suggesting that marine organisms have exposure risks regardless of their phenology. Exposure at one life history stage could have a legacy effect on the subsequent stages, implying little temporal refuge. In contrast, the coastal mooring data revealed that near-surface and bottom events were not necessarily coupled even at less than 15 m. Such spatial variation in MHWs might provide a temporary refuge for mobile species. These observations also highlight the importance of depth-stratified, long-term coastal monitoring to understand spatio-temporal variation in MHW stress on coastal communities.
Perceived training needs by tutors of family and community medicine and nursing of specialized health training: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Berlanga-Fernández Sofía , Rodríguez-Monforte Miriam , Pérez-Cañaveras Rosa M. , Valer-Martínez Alicia , Copetti-Fanlo Silvia , Simonet-Aineto Pere J. , Vizcaya-Moreno Flores , Villafáfila-Ferrero Rosa
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Specialized Health Training is a postgraduate training pathway in which physicians and nurses can choose to continue their learning and obtain the qualification of specialist professional in a specific field. The training is eminently practical with different clinical tracks in which nurses and physicians are tutored by clinician tutors. Our research aims to describe the experiences and perceptions of clinician tutors related to their own teaching performance and training needs.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive qualitative study. The sample consisted of active clinician tutors of specialized health training of family and community nursing and medicine, this being the main inclusion criterion, regardless of the number of years of experience as a tutor. Data were analyzed following a content analysis method.

Results

Four focus groups were held with 25 participants: 32% nursing tutors (8) and 68% tutors of medicine (17). The main categories identified were: (1) teaching performance; (2) training needs; and (3) characteristics of an ideal training program. The sample consisted of a majority of tutors of medicine compared to nursing.

Conclusion

Clinician tutors of Specialized Health Training of Family and Community nursing and medicine express the need to acquire pedagogical tools, to develop communication skills and to create a tutor network in order to improve their mentorship practice. Furthermore, more institutional recognition and protected time are also highlighted as important elements for their mentorship role. The findings of our research can serve as a guideline to start designing a training plan that meets the real needs of clinician tutors.
Artificial intelligence and glaucoma: a lucid and comprehensive review
Authors: Jin Yu , Liang Lina , Li Jiaxian , Xu Kai , Zhou Wei , Li Yamin
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma is a pathologically irreversible eye illness in the realm of ophthalmic diseases. Because it is difficult to detect concealed and non-obvious progressive changes, clinical diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma is extremely challenging. At the same time, screening and monitoring for glaucoma disease progression are crucial. Artificial intelligence technology has advanced rapidly in all fields, particularly medicine, thanks to ongoing in-depth study and algorithm extension. Simultaneously, research and applications of machine learning and deep learning in the field of glaucoma are fast evolving. Artificial intelligence, with its numerous advantages, will raise the accuracy and efficiency of glaucoma screening and diagnosis to new heights, as well as significantly cut the cost of diagnosis and treatment for the majority of patients. This review summarizes the relevant applications of artificial intelligence in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma, as well as reflects deeply on the limitations and difficulties of the current application of artificial intelligence in the field of glaucoma, and presents promising prospects and expectations for the application of artificial intelligence in other eye diseases such as glaucoma.
Blood component therapy for dry eye disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Ning , Ge Ziying , Li Fang
Published: December 2024

Objective

Blood component therapy has shown promising potential as an emerging treatment for dry eye disease; however, it remains unclear which specific blood component is the most effective. This study aims to compare the efficacy of different blood components in the treatment of dry eye disease through a network meta-analysis, with the goal of providing the latest and most reliable evidence for clinical practice.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases, with the search concluding on June 1, 2024. Two independent researchers performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment.

Results

A total of 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 898 patients with dry eye disease were included. Six different blood components were utilized in treating dry eye disease, with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) being the most widely used. The results of the network meta-analysis indicated that platelet-rich plasma eye drops (PRPD) significantly outperformed artificial tears (AT) in improving the corneal fluorescein staining score (CFSS), while autologous serum (ALS) and umbilical cord serum (UCS) also demonstrated significantly better effects than AT in enhancing tear break-up time (TBUT). Additionally, ALS, PRP injection (PRPI), and PRPD showed significantly superior outcomes compared to AT in improving the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). However, no statistically significant differences were found among the various treatment modalities regarding their effects on Schirmer’s I value, CFSS, TBUT, and OSDI. SUCRA analysis predicted that UCS was the most effective in improving Schirmer’s I value and TBUT, while PRP excelled in enhancing CFSS and OSDI. Limitations such as publication bias and issues related to randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding may affect the reliability of the current findings.

Conclusion

Blood component therapy can significantly improve the pathological damage and ocular surface health in patients with dry eye disease. For those with aqueous-deficient dry eye, UCS may represent the optimal treatment option. In contrast, for patients with more severe corneal epithelial damage, PRP may offer a more effective therapeutic approach.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42024534091.
Whole-genome sequencing and genomic analysis of four Akkermansia strains newly isolated from human feces
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Zha Biqing , Lyu Jie , LingHu Chenxi , Chen Jing , Deng Sisi , Zhang Xiangling , Li Liang , Wang Guoqing
Published: December 2024

Background

Numerous studies have demonstrated that Akkermansia is closely associated with human health. These bacteria colonize the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract and utilize mucin as their sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Akkermansia spp. exhibit potential as probiotics under specific conditions. However, the gene accumulation curve derived from pan-genome analysis suggests that the genome of Akkermansia strains remains open. Consequently, current genome mining efforts are insufficient to fully capture the intraspecific and interspecific characteristics of Akkermansia, necessitating continuous exploration of the genomic and phenotypic diversity of new isolates.

Methods

Based on this finding, we sequenced, assembled, and functionally annotated the whole genomes of four new human isolates from our laboratory: AKK-HX001, AKK-HX002, AKK-HX003, and AKK-HX004.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all four isolates belonged to the AmII phylogroup, whereas the type strain DSM 22959 is classified within the AmI phylogroup. Moreover, 2,184 shared homologous genes were identified among the four isolates. Functional annotation using the COG, KEGG, and CAZy databases indicated that the functional genes of the four isolates were primarily associated with metabolism. Two antibiotic resistance genes were identified in AKK-HX001 and AKK-HX002, while three resistance genes were detected in AKK-HX003 and AKK-HX004. Additionally, each of the four isolates possessed two virulence genes and three pathogenicity genes, none of which were associated with pathogenicity. The prediction of mobile genetic elements indicated unequal distributions of GIs among the isolates, and a complete CRISPR system was identified in all isolates except AKK-HX003. Two annotated regions of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes, both belonging to Terpene, were detected using the antiSMASH online tool.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the four Akkermansia isolates, which belong to a phylogroup distinct from the model strain DSM 22959, exhibit lower genetic risk and may serve as potential probiotic resources for future research.
Aftereffect of single transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation on spontaneous home-cage and open-field EEG activities in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sun Huaying , Wang Yumei , Yuan Dong , Duan Mengsi , Chen Zhuangfei , Fu Yu
Published: December 2024

Background

As a non drug and non invasive therapy, both transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may modulate cortical rhythms and serve as potentially effective approaches to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, studies using animal models of AD are quite limited.

Methods

This study investigates the aftereffects of tACS and tDCS on brain EEG activity and associated exploratory behavior in normal aged and APP/PS1 transgenic mice (15 months old). Anodal tDCS and 10 Hz tACS (350 μA, 20 min) were applied once and EEGs were recorded from the hippocampus (Hip) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) during spontaneous home-cage state and open-field exploration.

Results

A key finding was that tDCS induced significant alpha (8–12 Hz) EEG changes while tACS induced peak frequency changes in the group difference between normal aged and AD mice. However, both groups showed similar increases in theta (4–8 Hz) EEG activity during open-field exploration and increases in gamma (20–100 Hz) EEG activity in spontaneous state, suggesting that the ongoing physiological state may be related to some of the EEG changes.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into the short-term aftereffects of transcranial current stimulation in the aging and AD brain and is the first animal study to compare brain activity between tACS and tDCS treatments.
Research on adverse event classification algorithm of da Vinci surgical robot based on Bert-BiLSTM model
Authors: Li Tianchun , Zhu Wanting , Xia Wenke , Wang Li , Li Weiqi , Zhang Peiming
Published: December 2024

This study aims to enhance the classification accuracy of adverse events associated with the da Vinci surgical robot through advanced natural language processing techniques, thereby ensuring medical device safety and protecting patient health. Addressing the issues of incomplete and inconsistent adverse event records, we employed a deep learning model that combines BERT and BiLSTM to predict whether adverse event reports resulted in patient harm. We developed the Bert-BiLSTM-Att_dropout model specifically for text classification tasks with small datasets, optimizing the model’s generalization ability and key information capture through the integration of dropout and attention mechanisms. Our model demonstrated exceptional performance on a dataset comprising 4,568 da Vinci surgical robot adverse event reports collected from 2013 to 2023, achieving an average F1 score of 90.15%, significantly surpassing baseline models such as GRU, LSTM, BiLSTM-Attention, and BERT. This achievement not only validates the model’s effectiveness in text classification within this specific domain but also substantially improves the usability and accuracy of adverse event reporting, contributing to the prevention of medical incidents and reduction of patient harm. Furthermore, our research experimentally confirmed the model’s performance, alleviating the data classification and analysis burden for healthcare professionals. Through comparative analysis, we highlighted the potential of combining BERT and BiLSTM in text classification tasks, particularly for small datasets in the medical field. Our findings advance the development of adverse event monitoring technologies for medical devices and provide critical insights for future research and enhancements.
Adolescent circadian rhythm disruption increases reward and risk-taking
Authors: DePoy Lauren M. , Vadnie Chelsea A. , Petersen Kaitlyn A. , Scott Madeline R. , Zong Wei , Yin RuoFei , Matthaei Ross C. , Anaya Fernanda Juarez , Kampe Callie I. , Tseng George C. , McClung Colleen A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Circadian rhythm disturbances have long been associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the onset of psychiatric disorders and for circadian rhythm and sleep disruptions. Preclinical studies have found that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) impacts the brain and behavior, but this research is largely focused on adult disruptions. Here, we hypothesized that adolescent CRD would have a greater effect on psychiatric-related behaviors, relative to adult disruption.

Methods

We determined the long-term behavioral and neurobiological effects of CRD during early adolescence by exposing mice to 12 h shifts in the light/dark cycle. Adult mice were exposed to the same CRD paradigm. Behavior testing began approximately 4 weeks later for both groups. To identify possible mechanisms, we also measured gene expression in brain regions relevant to circadian rhythms, mood and reward.

Results

CRD during early adolescence, but not adulthood, persistently increased exploratory drive (risk-taking behavior) and cocaine preference when tested later in life. Interestingly, we found sex differences when intravenous cocaine self-administration was tested. While female mice with a history of adolescent CRD had a greater propensity to self-administer cocaine, as well as increased motivation and cue-induced reinstatement, male adolescent CRD mice had reduced motivation and extinction responding. Importantly, we found that transcripts in the SCN were affected by adolescent CRD and these were largely distinct across sex.

Conclusion

Overall, adolescent CRD in mice caused persistent increases in risky behavior, cocaine reward and cocaine self-administration, which suggests that CRD during adolescence may predispose individuals toward substance use disorders. Future research is required to elucidate how adolescent CRD affects behaviors relevant to mood-and substance use-related disorders across the 24-h day, as well as to identify intervention strategies to alleviate disruption during adolescence and novel therapeutic approaches once symptoms have begun.
Annao Pingchong decoction attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage via RAGE-NOX2/4 axis
Authors: Wang Xu , Lin Xiaoyuan , Chen Zilin , Long Hongping , Zhou Xuqing , Lei Shihui , Liu Jian , Dong Huan , Liu Fang , Hu Hua , Guo Chun
Published: December 2024

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe condition associated with high mortality and disability rates. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of secondary brain injury (SBI) following ICH. Previous research has demonstrated that Annao Pingchong decoction (ANPCD) treatment for ICH has antioxidant effects, but the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ANPCD on oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ICH by targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2/4 signaling axis.

Methods

The research involved the creation of rat ICH models, the mNSS assay to assess neurological function, Nissl staining to evaluate neuronal damage, and biochemical assays to measure oxidative and antioxidant levels. The expression of RAGE-NOX2/4 axis proteins was analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence, while neuronal apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL staining. Furthermore, after performing quality control of drug-containing serum using UPLC-MS/MS, we employed an in vitro model of heme-induced injury in rat cortical neurons to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of ANPCD utilizing RAGE inhibitors.

Results

The findings indicated that ANPCD improved neurological deficits, reduced neuronal damage, decreased ROS and MDA levels, and increased the activities enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and GPX. Additionally, it suppressed the RAGE-NOX2/4 signaling axis and neuronal apoptosis.

Conclusion

ANPCD exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the RAGE-NOX2/4 signaling axis, thereby alleviating neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis following ICH.
Influence of mothers’ and frontline health workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on infant and young child feeding and child nutrition: a cross-sectional study in aspirational districts of Assam, India
Authors: Randhawa Sonali , Choudhury Manisha , Choudhary Devika Gali , Ballala Ramnath , Hegde Shailendra , Barman Priyanka , Dogra Vishal
Published: December 2024

The knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of mothers and frontline health workers (FLWs) regarding optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) are essential for mitigating undernutrition and associated morbidities among under-five children. The study assessed the KAP of mothers (of children aged 0–60 months) and FLWs regarding recommended IYCF practices, the association of mother’s KAP with their demographic characteristics and children’s nutritional outcomes, and the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0–60 months in five high-focus districts of Assam. Data were collected from 389 mothers, 456 children, and 138 FLWs using a standard method. Of the 389 mothers, 29% had good KAP scores, 42% scored average, and 29% had poor KAP scores regarding IYCF practices. The mean KAP score increased significantly with improvements in variables such as community, language, education level, monthly income, and living conditions (p < 0.01). Less than half of the children were stunted (40%), one-third were affected by wasting (28%), and approximately 43% were underweight. Children whose mothers had a KAP score of less than 40% were 2.05 times more likely to experience stunting (CI = 1.04–4.02) than those whose mothers scored above 60%. Similar findings were reported for wasting and underweight. Of the 138 FLWs, 56% had good KAP scores, 30% had average scores, and 14% had poor scores. There was a noticeable gap in the KAP of the mothers regarding IYCF practices compared to that of FLWs. A comprehensive intervention plan to improve feeding practices can enhance the nutritional status of under-five children.