bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending Badger's rule. I. The relationship between energy and structure in hydrogen bonds
Authors: Santis Garrett D. , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: January 2025

We derive a new expression for the strength of a hydrogen bond (VHB) in terms of the elongation of the covalent bond of the donor fragment participating in the hydrogen bond (ΔrHB) and the intermolecular coordinates R (separation between the heavy atoms) and θ (deviation of the hydrogen bond from linearity). The expression includes components describing the covalent D–H bond of the hydrogen bond donor via a Morse potential, the Pauli repulsion, and electrostatic interactions between the constituent fragments using a linear expansion of their dipole moment and a quadratic expansion of their polarizability tensor. We fitted the parameters of the model using ab initio electronic structure results for six hydrogen bonded dimers, namely, NH3–NH3, H2O–H2O, HF–HF, H2O–NH3, HF–H2O, and HF–NH3, and validated its performance for extended parts of their potential energy surfaces, resulting in a mean absolute error ranging from 0.07 to 0.31 kcal/mol. The derived expression describes the energy–structure relationship in terms of a single structural parameter, namely, the elongation of the donor’s covalent bond (ΔrHB), and suggests the novel relationship of 8.0 kcal/mol pm−1 (or 0.8 kcal/mol per 0.001 Å elongation). This structural parameter is easily obtained from theory and can serve as the single descriptor of the strength of individual hydrogen bonds.
Forecasting and managing urban EV charging demand with spatiotemporal graph models
Authors: Xi Zeli , Guo Guowei , Yang Xinsen , Sun Jian , Shi Xuntao , Xiao Xiaobing
Published: January 2025

The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates advanced infrastructural adaptations to accommodate increased demand. This paper introduces a novel dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network (D-ST-GNN) model designed to optimize the placement and management of EV charging stations in urban environments. Leveraging real-time data and graph theory, the D-ST-GNN model dynamically represents the evolving urban EV charging landscape, incorporating factors such as traffic patterns, station connectivity, and user demand. Employing a synthesized dataset that simulates the interactions of 1000 charging stations across a metropolitan area, our model integrates diverse data sources including traffic flow, weather conditions, and user interactions. The model processes these data through advanced machine learning techniques, utilizing graph neural networks (GNNs) to capture the complex dependencies within the network. The predictive capability of the model was rigorously tested over a 30-day period, demonstrating a mean absolute error of 7.5 kW and a root mean square error of 10 kW, affirming its high accuracy and reliability in forecasting daily charging demands. Significantly, the model employs real-time adaptive algorithms that recalibrate the network based on observed data, enhancing the predictive accuracy over time. Through simulation, the model has shown potential to reduce queue times at charging stations by up to 30% during peak hours and increase overall network efficiency by 25%. The practical application of the D-ST-GNN model provides urban planners and policymakers with a robust tool for making informed decisions regarding the expansion and optimization of EV charging infrastructures.
Influence of substrate orientation and pre-annealing treatment on the metal–insulator transition in V2O3 films: Insights from Al2O3r, a, c, and m-plane substrates
Authors: Taha Sultan Muhammad , Ignatova Kristina , Ingvarsson Snorri T. , Arnalds Unnar. B.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the structural and metal–insulator transition (MIT) behavior of epitaxial V2O3 films fabricated by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering on r, a, c, and m-plane Al2O3 substrates, in both as-received and annealed states. Characterization of MIT of the V2O3 films grown on annealed substrates demonstrated significant changes in observed MIT properties, i.e., r-plane films showed ≈2 order increase in transition magnitude, m-plane ≈6 orders, and c-plane films exhibited a reduction of ≈3 orders, compared to un-annealed substrates, whereas for V2O3 on annealed a-plane, it revealed a shift in the transition to higher values, with reduction in hysteresis width. Structural characterization conducted via x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy revealed a reduction in out-of-plane compressive strain for annealed substrates, along with decreased lateral grain size. Additionally, the correlation between the V2O3 MIT and its underlying structural phase transition was verified by temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction analysis. These findings highlight the role of substrate orientation and pre-annealing in tuning the MIT behavior of V2O3 films grown on the Al2O3 substrate.
Predicting the structure and stability of oxide nanoscrolls from dichalcogenide precursors
Authors: Gupta Adway , Singh Arunima K.
Published: January 2025

Low-dimensional nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanoscrolls, and nanofilms have found applications in a wide variety of fields such as photocatalysis, sensing, and drug delivery. Recently, it was demonstrated that nanoscrolls of Mo and W transition metal oxides, which do not exhibit van der Waals (vdW) layering in their bulk counterparts, can be successfully synthesized using plasma processing of corresponding layered transition metal dichalcogenides. In this work, we employ data mining, first-principles simulations, and physio-mechanical models to theoretically examine the potential of other dichalcogenide precursors to form oxide nanoscrolls. By data mining bulk and two-dimensional materials databases, we first identify dichalcogenides that would be mostly amenable to plasma processing based on their vdW layering and thermodynamic stability. To determine the propensity for forming a nanoscroll, we develop a first-principles simulation-based physio-mechanical model to determine the thermodynamic stability of nanoscrolling as well as the equilibrium structure of the nanoscrolls, that is, their inner radius, outer radius, and interlayer spacing. We validate this model using experimental observations and find excellent agreement for the equilibrium nanoscroll structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model’s energies can be utilized for a generalized quantitative categorization of nanoscroll stability. We apply the model to study oxide nanoscroll formation in MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2, PdS2, HfS2, and GeS2, paving the way for a systematic study of oxide nanoscroll formation atop other dichalcogenide substrates.
Evolution of the electron distribution function during gas ionization by a sub-nanosecond microwave pulse of hundreds MW power
Authors: Bliokh Y. , Maksimov V. , Haim A. , Kostinskiy A. , Leopold J. G. , Krasik Ya. E.
Published: January 2025

The electron velocity distribution function in the plasma, formed by gas ionization by a microwave pulse of sub-nanosecond timescale width and hundreds of megawatts power, is studied by a theoretical model and by 3D numerical simulations which confirm quite well the model. It is shown that the distribution function is defined by the field amplitude variation during the entire pulse. After the pulse's passage through the gas, the remaining plasma distribution function follows a decreasing power-law function. Experiments performed in a waveguide filled with helium gas confirm that energetic (from several keV to several tens of keV) electrons remain in plasma long after the pulse has crossed the experimental volume. These electrons continue the gas ionization over extended times up to tens of nanoseconds.
Analysis of the influence of surface deformation on the stability of overhead transmission lines and countermeasures
Authors: Meng Xiaokai , Xu Siqing , Hu Fan , Wang Shuai , Lu Zhumao
Published: January 2025

This study analyzed the impact of surface deformation on the stability of overhead transmission lines and proposed corresponding countermeasures. The research first explored the mechanical effects of tower tilt, displacement, and suspension point changes caused by surface deformation on transmission lines. These effects include redistribution of conductor tension and deviation of insulator strings. Through mathematical models and engineering approximations, the specific effects of tower foundation settlement and horizontal displacement along the line direction on the operating conditions of various levels of overhead lines were analyzed in detail. The research has shown that surface deformation can cause suspension points to become stress concentration areas, leading to deformation or damage of suspension plates and their fixing components, thereby affecting the stability of the power system. To accurately assess these impacts, it is recommended to use high-precision measuring instruments for regular data collection and analysis. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of considering the role of additional forces in structural design and selecting tower materials with sufficient strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. Finally, this paper proposes a series of maintenance and adjustment measures, such as re-tensioning wires, adjusting tower positions, or adding additional support structures, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the line.
Analyzing the channels of information dissemination: Investigating abrupt transitions in resource investment
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Taiming , Lu Yikang , Pan Xing , Park Junpyo
Published: January 2025

Investment in resources is essential for facilitating information dissemination in real-world contexts, and comprehending the influence of resource allocation on information dissemination is, thus, crucial for the efficacy of collaborative networks. Nonetheless, current studies on information dissemination frequently fail to clarify the complex interplay between information distribution and resources in network contexts. In this work, we establish a resource-based information dissemination model to identify the complex interplay by examining the propagation threshold and equilibriums. We assess the model’s efficacy by juxtaposing the mean-field method with Monte Carlo simulations across three author collaboration networks. In addition, we define the function of resources in information dissemination and evaluate the model’s applicability using propagating threshold, time evolution, and parametric analyses. Our findings indicate that an increase in available resources accelerates and expands the distribution of information. Notably, we identify abrupt transition phenomena concerning available resources and demonstrate that the information self-learning rate and the information review rate hasten this transition, while information decline and re-diffusion rates decelerate it.
How can we make sound replication decisions?
Authors: Davis-Stober Clintin P. , Sarafoglou Alexandra , Aczel Balazs , Chandramouli Suyog H. , Errington Timothy M. , Field Sarahanne M. , Fishbach Ayelet , Freire Juliana , Ioannidis John P. A. , Oberauer Klaus , Pestilli Franco , Ressl Susanne , Schad Daniel J. , ter Schure Judith , Tentori Katya , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Vandekerckhove Joachim , Gundersen Odd Erik
Published: January 2025

Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers’ time are quite limited. In this perspective, we examine different values and attitudes that scientists can consider when deciding whether to replicate a finding and how. We offer a conceptual framework for assessing the usefulness of various replication tools, such as preregistration.
Bubble coalescence principle in saline water
Authors: Li Danlong , Manica Rogerio , Chen Zhixiang , Wang Shuo , Liu Qingxia , Zhang Haijun
Published: January 2025

Bubbles present in saline water typically exhibit a prolonged lifetime, making them attractive for various engineering processes. Herein, we unveil a transition from delayed bubble coalescence to rapid bursting within about one millisecond in salty solutions. The key aspect in understanding this transition lies in the combined influences of surface deformation and ion surface excess instead of characterizing the ions alone. Only with a sufficiently deformed region trapped between the colliding bubble and fluid surfaces can the coalescence inhibition effect be maintained to cause the bouncing behavior. Thus, we quantify a consistent upper limit of ion transfer content required for instant coalescence under different salty conditions. Furthermore, we present numerical ranges associated with different bubble behaviors in terms of

E
o

,

R
e

, and

W
e

and determine the critical values to predict bubble dynamics. Our findings shed light on the bubble coalescence principle in saline water and allow access to the regulation of coalescence time based on the requirement of technological applications.
PgpP is a broadly conserved phosphatase required for phosphatidylglycerol lipid synthesis
Authors: Gründling Angelika , Brogan Anna P. , James Michael J. , Ramirez-Guadiana Fernando H. , Roney Ian J. , Bernhardt Thomas G. , Rudner David Z.
Published: January 2025

The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria is composed of a phospholipid bilayer made up of a diverse set of lipids. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is one of the principal constituents and its production is essential for growth in many bacteria. All the enzymes required for PG biogenesis in
Escherichia coli
have been identified and characterized decades ago. However, it has remained poorly understood how gram-positive bacteria perform the terminal step in the pathway that produces this essential lipid. In
E. coli,
this reaction is mediated by three functionally redundant phosphatases that convert phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) into PG. Here, we show that homologs of these enzymes in
Bacillus subtilis
are not required for PG synthesis. Instead, we identified a previously uncharacterized
B. subtilis
protein, YqeG (renamed PgpP), as an essential enzyme required for the conversion of PGP into PG. Expression of
B. subtilis
or
Staphylococcus aureus
PgpP in
E. coli
lacking all three Pgp enzymes supported the growth of the strain. Furthermore, depletion of PgpP in
B. subtilis
led to growth arrest, reduced membrane lipid staining, and accumulation of PGP. PgpP is broadly conserved among Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. Homologs are also present in yeast mitochondria and plant chloroplasts, suggesting that this widely distributed enzyme has an ancient origin. Finally, evidence suggests that PgpP homologs are essential in many gram-positive pathogens and thus the enzyme represents an attractive target for antibiotic development.
Study on axial compressive damage performance of SMA strips confined concrete columns by acoustic emission technology
Authors: Xu Lidan , Zhu Miaomiao , Zhao Jitao , Shi Mingfang , Chen Ming
Published: January 2025

The shape memory effect induced by thermally exciting shape memory alloy (SMA) provides an active constraint method for structural reinforcement. To investigate the axial compression performance and failure mechanism of SMA strips confined concrete columns, axial compression tests and real-time acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were performed on concrete columns with diverse pre-strain levels and constraint methods. The results reveal that the constraint of SMA strips improves the mechanical properties and inhibits the brittle failure. Based on the correlation between AE characteristic parameters and stress–time curves, the internal failure of confined specimens is classified into three stages: micro-crack initiation, crack stable development and macroscopic crack formation. The rise angle value grows and average frequency value reduces as the damage progresses, manifesting that the shear crack is in the stable propagation stage. The b-value generally diminishes as the load rises, illustrating that the cracking level inside the specimen is continuously increasing. Moreover, compared with the PC40-50-40 specimen, the AC40-50-40 specimen generates highly active AE signals. The distribution of AE damage events indicates that active constraint significantly accelerates the initiation and propagation of cracks in concrete columns during compression loading.
Cosmic muon flux attenuation methods for superconducting qubit experiments
Authors: Bertoldo Elia , Pérez Sánchez Victor , Martínez Maria , Martínez Manel , Khalife Hawraa , Forn-Díaz Pol
Published: January 2025

We propose and demonstrate two practical mitigation methods to attenuate the cosmic muon flux, compatible with experiments involving superconducting qubits: shallow underground sites and device orientation. Using a specifically-built cosmic muon detector, we identify underground sites, widely present in urban environments, where significant attenuation of cosmic muon flux, up to a factor 35 for 100 m depths, can be attained. Furthermore, we employ two germanium wafers in an above-ground laboratory, each equipped with a particle sensor, to show how the orientation of a chip with respect to the sky affects the amount and type of energy deposited on the substrate by ionizing radiation. We observe that the horizontal detector sees more counts at lower energy, while the vertical one is impacted by more particles at higher energy. The methods here described proposed ways to directly understand and reduce the effects of cosmic rays on qubits by attenuating the source of this type of decoherence, complementing existing on-chip mitigation strategies. We expect that both on-chip and off-chip methods combined will become ubiquitous in quantum technologies based on superconducting qubit circuits.
An entanglement-encrypted quantum teleportation
Authors: Wu Yingqi , Jin Yuanfeng , Lyu Gang , Liu Yang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a detailed analysis of basic quantum teleportation under standard basis measurement is presented, and a novel method for quantum teleportation is proposed. This method utilizes a physical channel, eliminating the need for direct information transmission. Additionally, a new quantum teleportation protocol is introduced by integrating this approach with existing teleportation techniques. The proposed protocol not only improves the security of quantum teleportation but also mitigates the effects of noise and decoherence.
Diamagnetic energy measurements and evaluation of poloidal beta and internal inductance during the first operational phase at JT-60SA
Authors: Inoue S. , Oyama N. , Takechi M. , Tsuji-Iio S. , Ohtani Y. , Sano R. , Kojima S. , Miyata Y. , Yamazaki H. , Koabashi T. , Wakatsuki T. , Urano H. , Yoshida M. , Suzuki T.
Published: January 2025

This paper reports on the evaluation of the diamagnetic energy using diamagnetic loops in JT-60SA, the largest operating tokamak in the world, and revisits the physics behind the evaluation of poloidal beta (

β

p

) and internal inductance (

l

i

). During the first operation phase of JT-60SA, diamagnetic measurements were utilized in assessing parameters related to plasma equilibrium, such as stored energy,

β

p

, and

l

i

. The evaluated stored energy is above 200 kJ with 1 MJ electron cyclotron heating, and we observed the

l

i

rise from around unity to above 2 during the plasma current ramp-down phase. The diamagnetic measurements successfully operated throughout the discharge duration, which is above 10 s, with low measurement errors. The correction of the error arising from the interaction between diamagnetic measurements and superconducting coils, as well as the detailed estimation of these errors, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the physics behind the rise in

l

i

is revealed by using both the JT-60SA experiment and numerical simulations.
Modeling resistive-inductive evolution of currents in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: van Ham L. , Lazerson S.A. , Schmitt J.C. , Lee B.F. , Beurskens M. , Brunner K.J. , Chaudhary N. , Fuchert G. , Geiger J. , Hirsch M. , Knauer J. , Langenberg A. , Oosterbeek J.W. , Pablant N. , Pasch E. , Rahbarnia K. , Weir G. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the temporal evolution of the toroidal plasma current in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator under different heating, fueling, and current drive scenarios. The THRIFT code has been modernized and its predictions of the evolution of the toroidal current have been compared against experimentally measured currents in W7-X. Good agreement is found with respect to the characteristic timescale between experimentally measured and simulated toroidal currents. The total bootstrap current is under-predicted owing to the applicability of the BOOTSJ model for the plasma collisionalities in question. Edge plasma resistivity is found to play an important role in the asymptotic behavior of the evolution of the current, indicating a possible limitation of the minimum plasma temperature when applying this model. Simulations of ECCD and heating power steps show THRIFT is capable of capturing the dynamical evolution of the current in response to changes in current sources. Future uses of THRIFT include validating and benchmarking other non-inductive current models.
Nash equilibrium analysis of a game-theoretical cholera epidemic model
Authors: Yang Junyuan , Bai Yiqian , Jin Zhen
Published: January 2025

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection, its spread and brings lots of healthcare burden worldwide. Vaccination and access to clean water are two effective control measures to curtail its spread. This paper analyzes a game-theoretical model of cholera dynamics, focusing on two strategies: vaccination and clean water usage. We examine how individuals choose to implement these two measures in pursuit of personal benefit maximization, as determined by income function. The study identifies the individual’s optimal strategy when only one measure is employed. When both strategies are available, individuals can prioritize one or both based on the relative costs of these measures. Our findings indicate that relying on a single strategy does not eliminate the disease. However, each strategy can be implemented to effectively sustain the disease at a low prevalence level.
Interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional randomly pinned charge density waves
Authors: O’Brien Matthew C , Fradkin Eduardo
Published: January 2025

The interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations in the presence of quenched random disorder is a long-standing open theoretical problem which has been made more urgent by advances in modern experimental techniques. The fragility of charge density wave order to impurities makes this problem of particular interest in understanding a host of real materials, including the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. To address this question, we consider the quantum version of an exactly solvable classical model of two-dimensional randomly pinned incommensurate charge density waves first introduced by us in a recent work, and use the large-N technique to obtain the phase diagram and order parameter correlations. Our theory considers quantum and thermal fluctuations and disorder on equal footing by accounting for all effects non-perturbatively, which reveals a novel crossover between under-damped and over-damped dynamics of the fluctuations of the charge density wave order parameter.
Key drivers shaping green investment decisions
Authors: Trinarningsih W , Damayanti R M , Rosdaliva M
Published: January 2025

Environmental awareness is explored to understand how this drives the demand for greener investments among both institutional and individual investors. Making green investment decisions involves a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental, social, and governance factors associated with a potential investment. In Indonesia, women are involved in financial decision-making within the household, such as savings, investment, and debt repayment. Our research aims to identity and analyse the determinants of green investment decisions that drive investors. We are using a framework that examines the role of behavioural factors and demographic characteristics in understanding the determinants of green investment behavioural. We determine behavioural factors such as overconfidence and herd behaviours. Meanwhile, we use age, education level, and investment experience as demographic factors. Data was collected from 120 respondents of civil servants’ wives in Klaten Central Java Province in Indonesia. For data analysis, we employ partial least square (PLS) using the SmartPLS software application. Through quantitative assessment, our study finds that overconfidence, age, and education level enhance green investment decision, while investment experience diminish green investment decision. Furthermore, we cannot find any evidence that herding behaviour and income have an impact on green investment decision.
Lubrication and wear characteristics of bionic composite texture on friction pair under seawater condition
Authors: Liang Yingna , Zhang Fachun , Xing Hao , Wang Cunyan , Chen Nan , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhepeng
Published: January 2025

To improve the lubrication bearing capacity of the slipper pair of axial piston pump under seawater lubrication, a bionic composite texture (ball pit-ball convex) was designed based on the non-smooth surface structure of dung beetle, and friction and wear experiments were carried out with CF/PEEK and 316L stainless steel. Thirteen groups of experiments with different parameters and structure sizes were designed and studied. The surface morphology of materials under different structural sizes and test parameters were observed, and the lubrication and wear characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the cavitation effect can increase the total compressive capacity of the bionic composite texture by 51.2% and reduce the friction coefficient by 53.3%, and the diameter and area ratio of the ball pit have the most obvious influence on the bearing performance. It is also found that the bionic composite texture has better anti-friction performance than the single texture because it has the function of storing wear chips. This study is of great significance to improve the bearing capacity and efficiency of seawater hydraulic axial piston pump, and also provides a certain reference value for the research of non-smooth surface in other fields.
Optimizing transformer-based network via advanced decoder design for medical image segmentation
Authors: Yang Weibin , Dong Zhiqi , Xu Mingyuan , Xu Longwei , Geng Dehua , Li Yusong , Wang Pengwei
Published: January 2025

U-Net is widely used in medical image segmentation due to its simple and flexible architecture design. To address the challenges of scale and complexity in medical tasks, several variants of U-Net have been proposed. In particular, methods based on Vision Transformer (ViT), represented by Swin UNETR, have gained widespread attention in recent years. However, these improvements often focus on the encoder, overlooking the crucial role of the decoder in optimizing segmentation details. This design imbalance limits the potential for further enhancing segmentation performance. To address this issue, we analyze the roles of various decoder components, including upsampling method, skip connection, and feature extraction module, as well as the shortcomings of existing methods. Consequently, we propose Swin DER (i.e., Swin UNETR Decoder Enhanced and Refined), by specifically optimizing the design of these three components. Swin DER performs upsampling using learnable interpolation algorithm called offset coordinate neighborhood weighted up sampling (Onsampling) and replaces traditional skip connection with spatial-channel parallel attention gate (SCP AG). Additionally, Swin DER introduces deformable convolution along with attention mechanism in the feature extraction module of the decoder. Our model design achieves excellent results, surpassing other state-of-the-art methods on both the Synapse dataset and the MSD brain tumor segmentation task. Code is available at:
https://github.com/WillBeanYang/Swin-DER
Experimental and GEANT4 simulated FEPE of NaI(Tl) detector for linear sources
Authors: Mansoor Shahid , Malik Azhar Hussain , Satti Khizar Hayat , Ijaz Misbah , Siddique Muhammad Tariq
Published: January 2025

The current study investigated the geometry, design and solid angle impacts on full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of NaI(Tl) detectors for a line source. A line source is fabricated using 99mTc solution filled in a borosilicate glass tube of inner diameter 3 mm, tube wall thickness 2.5 mm and length 12.7 cm. The FEPE is measured for the fabricated linear source using 2″×2″ NaI(Tl) cylindrical detector at various source-detector distances. The experimental setup is simulated in GEANT4 and the computed FEPE values are compared with experimental values. The absolute error of 5% is observed between computed and measured FEPE values. Utilizing the advantages of MC simulations, the impact of numerous source parameters such as source length, diameter, source-detector distance, glass tube thickness and lead shield effects on FEPE are investigated to optimize the fabrication process of linear sources. A case study for current investigation has been analyzed by considering absolute FEPE of the NaI(Tl) system for a syringe filled with radioactive solution. This study provides an insight for the fabrication of standard linear sources by analyzing different source parameters and hence, may serve as a guideline to prepare standard linear sources for the calibration of radiation detectors.
Effective field theories in broadband quantum optics: modeling phase modulation and two-photon loss from cascaded quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: Gustin Chris , Yanagimoto Ryotatsu , Ng Edwin , Onodera Tatsuhiro , Mabuchi Hideo
Published: January 2025

In broadband quantum optical systems, nonlinear interactions among a large number of frequency components induce complex dynamics that may defy heuristic analysis. In this work we introduce a perturbative framework for factoring out reservoir degrees of freedom and establishing a concise effective model (effective field theory) for the remaining system. Our approach combines approximate diagonalization of judiciously partitioned subsystems with master equation techniques. We consider cascaded optical

χ

(
2
)

(quadratic) nonlinearities as an example and show that the dynamics can be construed (to leading order) as self-phase modulations of dressed fundamental modes plus cross-phase modulations of dressed fundamental and second-harmonic modes. We then formally eliminate the second-harmonic degrees of freedom and identify emergent features of the fundamental wave dynamics, such as two-photon loss channels, and examine conditions for accuracy of the reduced model in dispersive and dissipative parameter regimes. Our results highlight the utility of system-reservoir methods for deriving accurate, intuitive reduced models for complex dynamics in broadband nonlinear quantum photonics, and may help guide quantum technological proposals in emerging systems where quantum effects become significant at the single-photon level.
The impact of environmental fees to taxes on total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhao Zhaoyang , Yang Xinjing , Tian Yuhang
Published: January 2025

Balancing environmental benefits with economic gains is a crucial challenge for developing countries striving for sustainable development in today’s context. On January 1, 2018, China transitioned from a sewage charge system to an environmental protection tax (EPT). This shift aims to determine whether it can incentivize businesses to enhance quality and efficiency, thereby achieving high-quality development while ensuring that both environmental and economic interests can thrive together. This paper examines the transition from environmental protection fees to tax (TEPFT) as a quasi-natural experiment. Utilizing microdata from A-share listed companies between 2013 and 2022, it focuses on manufacturing enterprises-characterized by high inputs, consumption, and pollution-as the experimental group. In contrast, non-manufacturing enterprises in the cleaning industry serve as the control group. Employing both difference-in-differences (DID) and triple-difference models, the study empirically analyzes the impact of the environmental protection fee tax change on the total factor productivity (TFP) of manufacturing firms. The findings indicate that: (1) TEPFT can significantly increase TFP of manufacturing firms by 4.9%. (2) this improvement in TFP is primarily driven by increased technological innovation within manufacturing enterprises. Additionally, while effective management practices have a positive moderating effect, financing constraints hinder this progress. (3) the impact of the TEPFT on TFP is particularly pronounced in state-owned enterprises and in provinces where tax rates are elevated.
Some interesting wrinkles
Authors: Phillips Ben
Published: January 2025

This chapter is a grab bag of ideas that elaborate in various ways on the theory developed in Chapters 1–6. The chapter looks at how moving from one- to two-dimensional space can change our expectations. It also looks at how trade-offs between traits can change our expectations. The chapter also introduces the idea of anomalous invasion speeds and examines the effect of spatial heterogeneity in the environment.
Parents as a United Front
Authors: Briggs Jonathyne
Published: January 2025

This chapter pivots away from the activities of professionals to those of parents’ associations, which dramatically expanded in size and number in the postwar period and, through local and national efforts, were established throughout France by the 1960s. These associations formed to connect parents of disabled children and help them advocate for services and share their stories with each other. The tension between parents and medical professionals developed as a result of the acceptance of the psychogenic origins of autism, which blamed parents for their children’s disability. Organizations sought to develop methods of assisting their children, engaging with professionals, and spreading information to the public to ameliorate the treatment and education of their children. They would be important in drawing attention to the challenges facing autistic children in France, especially after a series of tragic events in the 1960s.
Parental Expertise as Resistance
Authors: Briggs Jonathyne
Published: January 2025

This chapter highlights the reaction of parents to the situation during the 1980s, with many associations attempting to understand research on autism developed abroad and introduce these methods domestically. French parents increasingly became advocates for new interventions outside the accepted norms in French psychology, forming new associations that both challenged professionals and questioned the psychoanalysis directly. Parents posited themselves as the experts on the issue of autism and found some allies within French medicine and abroad. In this period there was also an increased awareness in the French public of the psychogenic interpretation of autism, fueled by several significant media events despite public campaigns by associations and parents’ biographies that rejected the assumptions of parent blaming.
A New Age of Autism?
Authors: Briggs Jonathyne
Published: January 2025

The conclusion reveals how the tensions created by the French divergence calcified despite numerous efforts from parents, professionals, politicians, and self-advocates to address the challenges facing autistic persons in France. The emergence of COVID-19 transformed the experiences of autistic individuals and their ability to get services outside France, even as the national government attempted solutions in the face of domestic and international pressure. With the end of yet another autism plan in 2023, the divisions between the various factions showed that the continuities of the divergence continued to define solutions and kept the focus on autism firmly placed in childhood.
‘It’s a Compromise, Really, Being with Someone Else’: The Romantic Lives of Established Adults
Authors: Mehta Clare M
Published: January 2025

During established adulthood people are generally expected to be in a steady, stable, long-term romantic relationship. More people, however, are remaining single, either by choice or otherwise. This chapter explores established adults’ romantic lives, starting with a description of the rewards of romantic partnerships and how romantic relationships change over time. The chapter then examines divorce in established adulthood, describing some of the causes and consequences of divorce, noting that divorce does not always have to be a ‘lifelong tragedy’ (Gottman & Gottman, 2017). Next, the chapter describes established adults’ experiences of being single and dating, including the experience of online dating. The chapter then examines the influence of the career and care crunch on romantic relationships. The chapter closes by presenting evidence-based advice for maintaining successful romantic relationships during established adulthood.
The Road Ahead: The Future of Established Adulthood
Authors: Mehta Clare M
Published: January 2025

The concluding chapter of this book highlights key themes and areas that deserve further attention and exploration in established adulthood. The chapter proposes that stability and change, relationships, and time horizons are themes in established adulthood worthy of future research. The chapter also suggests that the career and care crunch be expanded from career and care to include competing care responsibilities. Next, the chapter outlines important future directions for the field of established adulthood including attending to diversity, considering how race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, culture, sexual and gender diversity, and immigration status work independently and intersectionally to influence the experience of established adulthood. The chapter closes by suggesting that research on established adulthood be applied to benefit people’s lives through policy and clinical interventions.
Inferring tumor purity using multi-omics data based on a uniform machine learning framework MoTP
Authors: Lu Qiqi , Liu Zhixian , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: January 2025

Existing algorithms for assessing tumor purity are limited to a single omics data, such as gene expression, somatic copy number variations, somatic mutations, and DNA methylation. Here we proposed the machine learning Multi-omics Tumor Purity prediction (MoTP) algorithm to estimate tumor purity based on multiple types of omics data. MoTP utilizes the Bayesian Regularized Neural Networks as the prediction algorithm, and Consensus Tumor Purity Estimates as labels. We trained MoTP using multi-omics data (mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation) across 21 TCGA solid cancer types. By testing MoTP in TCGA validation sets, TCGA test sets, and eight datasets outside the TCGA cancer cohorts, we showed that although MoTP could achieve excellent performance in predicting tumor purity based on a single omics data type, the integration of multiple single omics data-based predictions can enhance the prediction performance. Moreover, we demonstrated the robustness of MoTP by testing it in datasets with Gaussian noise and feature missing. Benchmark analysis showed that MoTP outperformed most established tumor purity prediction algorithms, and that it required less running time and computational resource to fulfill the predictive task. Thus, MoTP would be an attractive option for computational tumor purity inference.
Superefficient estimation of future conditional hazards based on time-homogeneous high-quality marker information
Authors: Bagkavos D , Isakson A , Mammen E , Nielsen J P , Proust–Lima C
Published: January 2025

We introduce a new concept for forecasting future events based on marker information. The model is developed in the nonparametric counting process setting under the assumptions that the marker is of so-called high quality and with a time-homogeneous conditional distribution. Despite the model having nonparametric parts it is established herein that it attains a parametric rate of uniform consistency and uniform asymptotic normality. In usual nonparametric scenarios, reaching such a fast convergence rate is not possible, so one can say that the proposed approach is superefficient. These theoretical results are employed in the construction of simultaneous confidence bands directly for the hazard rate. Extensive simulation studies validate and compare the proposed methodology with the joint modelling approach and illustrate its robustness for mild violations of the assumptions. Its use in practice is illustrated in the computation of individual dynamic predictions in the context of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver.
Why not all productivity leads to carbon sequestration: the role of plant carbon surplus, allocation, and the Gadgil effect
Authors: Noormets Asko
Published: January 2025

Increasing plant productivity is considered as the way to maximize carbon sequestration potential of forests. However, the changes in the vegetation and soil carbon stores often exhibit a puzzling divergence. Greater productivity is often associated with smaller rather than larger soil carbon pool. In the present report, I review plant and microbial processes that elucidate this phenomenon. Different growth-limiting factors affect carbon allocation (the relative sink strength of plants, symbiotic fungi, and free-living saprotrophs), biomass chemical composition, its carbon to nitrogen stoichiometry, and decomposition differently. The decomposition appears coordinated through detritus chemistry, asymmetric competition for carbohydrates between mycorrhizal and free-living saprotrophic fungi, and suppression of some extracellular enzymes by soil acidification under nitrogen addition (that increases sink strength) but not under elevated carbon dioxide (that increases carbon supply). The net effect of these interactions is a positive correlation between plant productivity and soil carbon accumulation in some environments and a negative one in others.
Acid vapor–responsive supramolecular gels of hydrogen-bonding D–A type fluorenones
Authors: Suzuki Mao , Yamada Syota , Iwai Kensho , Aoki Ken’ichi , Seki Atsushi
Published: January 2025

In this study, we investigated the gelation properties and stimulus-responsive behavior of donor–acceptor–donor-type (D–A–D-type) fluorenone derivatives bearing urethane units. The fluorenone derivatives exhibited characteristic photophysical properties that originate from π–π* and intramolecular charge transfer transitions, and dilute solutions exhibited fluorescence solvatofluorochromic behavior. In addition, the donor–acceptor–donor-type fluorenone derivatives formed supramolecular gels in appropriate organic solvents; these gels also exhibited acid vapor–responsive functional variations.
Carboxylative cyclization of propargylamines with carbamate salts as a non-gaseous CO2 source via dual-activation by Ag salts
Authors: Fujii Akira , Baba Ryuki , Yoshii Asami , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Mori Hajime
Published: January 2025

2-Oxazolidinones were synthesized from propargylamines using carbamate salts as the CO2 source. Ag catalysts act as activators for both alkynes and carbamate salts. This system also functions with aliphatic amines containing two or more nitrogen atoms by preparing carbamate salts in situ even under ambient conditions.
Vapor-phase hydrogenation of citronellal over silica-supported copper prepared via organic additive-assisted impregnation protocol
Authors: Matsusaka Kenta , Kurniawan Enggah , Kojima Takashi , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: January 2025

The hydrogenation of citronellal to citronellol proceeded over SiO2-supported copper (Cu/SiO2) catalysts prepared by organic additive-assisted impregnation protocol. Introducing Cu species on SiO2 support reduced the rate of the cyclization of citronellal to isopulegol and promoted the formation of citronellol. The utilization of organic additives, especially glucose, highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles, i.e. increased Cu surface area, which promoted catalytic hydrogenation activity. The proportional correlation between Cu surface area and the formation rate of citronellol substantiated this behavior.
Vocal characteristics of distress and reproductive vocalizations in North American wapiti
Authors: Romanow Cora Anne , Riede Tobias , Lingle Susan
Published: January 2025

Variation in the vocal behavior of nonhuman vertebrates includes graded transitions and more dramatic changes. Wapiti males produce a reproductive bugle that has a fundamental frequency that surpasses 2,000 Hz with evidence of biphonation and other nonlinear phenomena. Here, we analyze the acoustic structure of captive wapiti vocalizations to compare the male bugle with 3 categories of distress vocalizations: neonate distress (capture) calls, calf isolation calls, and adult female isolation calls. These 4 high-arousal call categories serve a common general function in recruiting conspecifics but occur in different behavioral contexts (capture, isolation, reproduction). Our goal was to distinguish characteristics that vary in graded steps that may correspond to an animal’s age or size from characteristics that are unique to the bugle. Characteristics of the high and loud fundamental (G0) varied in an age/size-graded manner with a decrease in minimum G0, an increase in the maximum and range of G0, with no evidence of sex differences. The nonlinear phenomena of deterministic chaos, biphonation, and frequency jumps were present in all 4 call categories and became more common from the distress vocalizations of neonates to calves to adult females to the male bugle. Two temporal characteristics sharply distinguished the bugle from the 3 categories of distress vocalizations: these included a prolonged call duration and a maximum G0 that occurred much later in the call for the bugle than for distress vocalizations. Our results suggest that distress vocalizations of different age groups and the reproductive bugle of wapiti share a high G0, with age/size-graded changes in G0 and nonlinear phenomena, but differ sharply in temporal characteristics.
Multimodality imaging analysis of the spectrum of endomyocardial fibrosis involvement in a clinical case series
Authors: Moscoso Josh , Velarde-Acosta Kevin , Viñas Adriana , Benites-Yshpilco Lindsay , Cachicatari-Beltran Angela , Cupe-Chacalcaje Kelly , Falcón-Quispe Luis , Baltodano-Arellano Roberto
Published: January 2025

Background

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a rare restrictive heart disease of the tropics. Its aetiology is cryptogenic; however, some hypotheses have been described. The clinical course is characterized by the presence of three phases (acute, subacute, and chronic). Most of the typical features of the disease are identified in the chronic phase. Multimodality imaging allows a presumptive diagnosis and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, through its tissue characterization, allows confirmation of the diagnosis.

Case summary

We present three clinical cases of patients with EMF, at different stages of the disease, which constituted a diagnostic challenge. However, it is due to multimodality imaging that a timely and accurate diagnosis is achieved.

Discussion

Endomyocardial fibrosis is a rare heart disease with a restrictive phenotype and a poor prognosis. Endomyocardial fibrosis is characterized by apical obliteration with fibrous tissue, of one or both ventricles, and is usually associated with thrombosis, calcification, and AV valve insufficiency. Transthoracic echocardiogram is the first-line imaging modality to assess for EMF. Cardiac magnetic resonance, through late gadolinium enhancement, allows tissue characterization and identifies the ‘double V sign’, which is pathognomonic of the disease, allowing confirmation of the diagnosis. Therefore, multimodality imaging is essential for the initial and definitive diagnosis of this disease.