bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHY HASN’T ECONOMIC PROGRESS LOWERED WORK HOURS MORE?
Authors: Cowen Tyler
Published: December 2017

Why hasn’t economic progress lowered work hours more? One of Keynes’s most famous essays is his “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.” Keynes predicts that within one hundred years — which would bring us to 2030 — most scarcity will have disappeared and most individuals will work no more than fifteen hours a week. My question is a simple one: Why wasn’t Keynes right? Why have working hours remained as long as they have? Why hasn’t progress taken a more leisurely and less material form than what we have observed? Investigating that issue will help us get at the question of just how much progress has occurred. Under one view, Western life has been caught in a kind of rat race, and a lot of the gains of progress are illusory. For instance there is the argument that higher incomes are largely consumed as part of a futile race to win relative status, and living standards aren’t nearly as high as they might appear. Under some alternative scenarios, people haven’t moved to Keynes’s scenario for some good reasons, such as enjoying work more than we might think, or other hypotheses, as I will outline. In that case the observed changes in real income are robust, and measured correctly, or progress may even be greater than income measurements would indicate. I hope that addressing Keynes’s paradox can help us better understand this longstanding debate on the nature of modern progress.
LIBERTY AGAINST PROGRESS
Authors: Tebble Adam James
Published: December 2017

The epistemic approach to liberalism not only clarifies some of the core features of progress-based arguments for liberty. For two reasons it provides grounds for doubting those arguments’ persuasiveness. The first reason emerges from the epistemic liberal explanation of economic recessions and of social regress as necessary consequences of our enjoying the individual liberty to adapt to our circumstances. Precisely because it secures personal choice with respect to the ends of life and the means to pursue them, liberty must be construed as at best necessary for the imperfect and costly realization of the interest individuals may have in personal advancement. Second, and in revealing the underlying logic of the economic and cultural processes that liberty makes possible, epistemic liberalism shows that it is to the notion of complex adaptation that we must look when seeking to evaluate the overall or aggregate results of liberty. Crucially, however, this means rejecting the notion of progress as fit to perform this ethico-historical evaluative role.
DISABILITY POLICY: ARE WE MAKING PROGRESS?
Authors: Burtt Shelley
Published: December 2017

This essay criticizes recent trends in disability policy as restrictive of individual liberty and informed by too narrow a definition of what constitutes human flourishing. I defend the value of intentional community settings as one legitimate residential option for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Recent federal regulations (HCBS Final Rule) define intentional communities or disability-specific housing as presumptively institutional in nature, misunderstanding the positive, noninstitutional features of intentional, integrated communities created by and for people with developmental disabilities. In addition, current disability policy, despite its stated concern for the autonomy of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, limits individual liberty by strictly defining the types of settings eligible for Medicaid waiver funding, expressly excluding agricultural communities, disability-specific residential settings, and intentional communities. A robust commitment to the autonomy of people receiving Medicaid waiver services would allow them to choose to direct their program dollars, recognizing that some individuals may choose a life in intentional community or with others facing similar challenges to themselves over an illusory “integration” into a wider society that remains too often unwelcoming and difficult to navigate.
UNDERSTANDING THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND FORCES BEHIND THE FALL AND RISE IN THE US SKILL PREMIUM
Authors: Parro Francisco
Published: December 2017

I develop an assignment model to quantify, in a unified framework, the causal effects of supply and demand forces on the evolution of the college wage premium in the US economy. Specifically, I quantify the relative contributions of four different forces: (i) a within-sector non-neutral technological change, (ii) the creation of new high-skill services/sectors, (iii) polarizing product demand shifts, and (iv) shifts in the relative supply of skilled labor. The model considers endogenous human capital accumulation. I find that positive supply shifts completely explain the fall of the skill premium during the period 1970–1980. Demand forces play a major role in the post-1980 period, when the skill premium rises. Among the demand forces, the results show an increasing contribution of polarizing product demand shifts over the decades. On the other hand, the effect of the within-sector non-neutral technological change is more important in the earlier decades of the post-1980 period.
Eric F. Wood Receives 2017 Robert E. Horton Medal
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2017

Eric F. Wood was awarded the 2017 Robert E. Horton Medal at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 13 December 2017 in New Orleans, La. The medal is for “outstanding contributions to hydrology.”
Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells
Authors: Gao Chengde , Peng Shuping , Feng Pei , Shuai Cijun
Published: December 2017

Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
Reading and editing the Pleurodeles waltl genome reveals novel features of tetrapod regeneration
Authors: Elewa Ahmed , Wang Heng , Talavera-López Carlos , Joven Alberto , Brito Gonçalo , Kumar Anoop , Hameed L. Shahul , Penrad-Mobayed May , Yao Zeyu , Zamani Neda , Abbas Yamen , Abdullayev Ilgar , Sandberg Rickard , Grabherr Manfred , Andersson Björn , Simon András
Published: December 2017

Salamanders exhibit an extraordinary ability among vertebrates to regenerate complex body parts. However, scarce genomic resources have limited our understanding of regeneration in adult salamanders. Here, we present the ~20 Gb genome and transcriptome of the Iberian ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl, a tractable species suitable for laboratory research. We find that embryonic stem cell-specific miRNAs mir-93b and mir-427/430/302, as well as Harbinger DNA transposons carrying the Myb-like proto-oncogene have expanded dramatically in the Pleurodeleswaltl genome and are co-expressed during limb regeneration. Moreover, we find that a family of salamander methyltransferases is expressed specifically in adult appendages. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to perturb transcription factors, we demonstrate that, unlike the axolotl, Pax3 is present and necessary for development and that contrary to mammals, muscle regeneration is normal without functional Pax7 gene. Our data provide a foundation for comparative genomic studies that generate models for the uneven distribution of regenerative capacities among vertebrates.
Publisher Correction: A new approach towards biomarker selection in estimation of human exposure to chiral chemicals: a case study of mephedrone
Authors: Castrignanò Erika , Mardal Marie , Rydevik Axel , Miserez Bram , Ramsey John , Shine Trevor , Pantoș G. Dan , Meyer Markus R. , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara
Published: December 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Catechol oxidation: considerations in the design of wet adhesive materials
Authors: Maier Greg P. , Bernt Christopher M. , Butler Alison
Published: December 2017

Electron-withdrawing substituents slow the rate of oxidation of substituted catechols by O2: a Hammett analysis.
Oxidative organocatalytic chemoselective N-acylation of heterocycles with aromatic and conjugated aldehydes
Authors: Ta Linda , Sundén Henrik
Published: December 2017

The oxidative organocatalytic acylation of indoles with aldehydes serves as an alternative to sensitive acyl chlorides and coupling agents.
Ambient chemical fixation of CO2 using a highly efficient heterometallic helicate catalyst system
Authors: Wang Li , Xu Cong , Han Qingxin , Tang Xiaoliang , Zhou Panpan , Zhang Ruilian , Gao Guoshu , Xu Benhua , Qin Wenwu , Liu Weisheng
Published: December 2017

Two novel heptanuclear 3d–4f helicates have been synthesized and characterized.
Air- and water-stable Lewis acids: synthesis and reactivity of P-trifluoromethyl electrophilic phosphonium cations
Authors: Fasano V. , LaFortune J. H. W. , Bayne J. M. , Ingleson M. J. , Stephan D. W.
Published: December 2017

Electrophilic phosphonium cations (EPCs) containing a –CF3 group are stable to air, water, alcohol and strong Brønsted acid and function as Lewis acid catalysts without requiring anhydrous reaction conditions.
Charge separation properties of Ta3N5 photoanodes synthesized via a simple metal–organic-precursor decomposition process
Authors: Han Sung Gyu , Chae Sang Youn , Lee Si Young , Min Byoung Koun , Hwang Yun Jeong
Published: December 2017

Ta3N5 photoanodes prepared via a metal–organic-precursor decomposition process show improved activity associated with slow recombination rates and high injection efficiencies at high ammonia annealing temperature.
Three dimensional porous SiC for lithium polysulfide trapping
Authors: Li Fen , Zhao Jijun
Published: December 2017

A series of 3D porous SiC materials with active sp2 hybridized Si atoms have been designed for lithium polysulfide retention in Li–S batteries. The shuttle effect can be effectively depressed by the strong Si⋯S interaction between Li2Sn and the 3D porous SiC hosts.
The selectivity of nanoparticles for polydispersed ligand chains during the grafting-to process: a computer simulation study
Authors: Xing Ji-Yuan , Lu Zhong-Yuan , Liu Hong , Xue Yao-Hong
Published: December 2017

By constructing a grafting-to reaction model of polydispersed polymer chains to bind onto nanoparticles (NPs), we elucidate the changes of grafting density, polydispersity index and chain length distribution of grafted ligand chains as a dependence of the feeding polymer chains.
Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides: versatile biomolecules for generating functional nanomaterials
Authors: Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: December 2017

This review summarizes the strategies for generating nanomaterials using nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides as building blocks, templates or modulators alongside selected applications.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in root cells: reducing the mobility and toxicity of Pb in rice
Authors: Ye X. X. , Wang G. Z. , Zhang Y. X. , Zhao H. J.
Published: December 2017

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) has a high sorption capacity for alleviating Pb stress and restraining the translocation of Pb from roots to shoots.
Anti-fibrotic activity of polyphenol-enriched sugarcane extract in rats via inhibition of p38 and JNK phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Liwen , Pan Min-Hsiung , Lo Chih-Yu , Zhao Hui , Li Shiming , Ho Chi-Tang , Yang Guliang
Published: December 2017

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), which is one of the most important sources of sugar, is also rich in polyphenolic compounds.
A programmable platform for sub-second multichemical dynamic stimulation and neuronal functional imaging inC. elegans
Authors: Rouse T. , Aubry G. , Cho Y. , Zimmer M. , Lu H.
Published: December 2017

This microfluidic platform enables monitoring neuronal activity ofC. elegansin response to dynamic multichemical cues.
Catalytic synthesis of few-layer graphene on titania nanowires
Authors: Kudo Akira , Jung Sung Mi , Strano Michael S. , Kong Jing , Wardle Brian L.
Published: December 2017

Temporally-resolved catalytic growth of few-layer graphene on titania metal oxide nanowire aerogel substrates.
Highly robust, uniform and ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for microRNA detection fabricated by using silver nanostructures grown in gold nanobowls
Authors: Lee Taeksu , Wi Jung-Sub , Oh Aram , Na Hee-Kyung , Lee JaeJong , Lee Kwangyeol , Lee Tae Geol , Haam Seungjoo
Published: December 2017

Highly sensitive and reproducible suface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates were fabricated by growing multiple silver nanocrystals inside periodically arrayed gold nanobowls.
Approach to pactamycin analogues using rhodium(ii)-catalyzed alkene aziridination and C(sp3)–H amination reactions
Authors: Rodrigues Romain , Lazib Yanis , Maury Julien , Neuville Luc , Leboeuf David , Dauban Philippe , Darses Benjamin
Published: December 2017

Application of dirhodium(ii)-catalyzed nitrene transfers allows for the preparation of a platform bearing the triamino moiety present in pactamycin.
First use of a divalent lanthanide for visible-light-promoted photoredox catalysis
Authors: Jenks Tyler C. , Bailey Matthew D. , Hovey Jessica L. , Fernando Shanilke , Basnayake Gihan , Cross Michael E. , Li Wen , Allen Matthew J.
Published: December 2017

Divalent europium is used catalytically in visible-light-promoted photoredox bond-forming reactions.
Scalable one-step electrochemical deposition of nanoporous amorphous S-doped NiFe2O4/Ni3Fe composite films as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution with ultrahigh stability
Authors: Gao M. Y. , Zeng J. R. , Zhang Q. B. , Yang C. , Li X. T. , Hua Y. X. , Xu C. Y.
Published: December 2017

Self-supported 3D nanoporous amorphous S-doped NiFe2O4/Ni3Fe composite films grown on nickel wire were fabricatedviaa facile and scalable one-step electrochemical deposition route in ethaline and developed as highly active and robustly stable electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline media.
Underoil superhydrophilic surfaces: water adsorption in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Mingming , Tie Lu , Li Jing , Hou Yuanyuan , Guo Zhiguang
Published: December 2017

Inspired by sarcocarps, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that can capture moisture spontaneously are presented as building blocks for the construction of underoil superhydrophilic surfaces. The MOF coating showed excellent self-cleaning properties to crude oil under water, and achieved on-demand emulsion separation through selective water filtration and adsorption.
Manipulation of cation combinations and configurations of halide double perovskites for solar cell absorbers
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yang Jingxiu , Wei Su-Huai
Published: December 2017

The overall electronic properties of double perovskite A2B+B3+X6 (A = Cs, B+/B3+ = metal cation, and X = halogen anion) as function of atomic orbitals and site occupation of the B+ and B3+ cations are studied by using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis for high efficiency solar cell absorbers.
Nickel metal–organic framework implanted on graphene and incubated to be ultrasmall nickel phosphide nanocrystals acts as a highly efficient water splitting electrocatalyst
Authors: Yan Liting , Jiang Huimin , Xing Yanlong , Wang Ying , Liu Dandan , Gu Xin , Dai Pengcheng , Li Liangjun , Zhao Xuebo
Published: December 2017

Ultrasmall Ni2P/rGO was synthesized using template-confinement strategy of MOFs and served as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Construction of electrical “highway” to significantly enhance the redox kinetics of normal hierarchical structured materials of MnO
Authors: Li Huan-Huan , Fan Hong-Hong , Fan Chao-Ying , Zheng Yan-Ping , Shi Yan-Hong , Sun Hai-Zhu , Bai Guang-Yue , Zhang Jing-Ping
Published: December 2017

The inserted and cross-linked HCNFs in the MnO/HCNFs composites act like electrical “highways” through which electrons/Li ions are directly transferred to the inner parts of the MnO microspheres without obstruction.
A one-dimensional soft and color-programmable light-emitting device
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Shi Xiang , Lou Huiqing , Cheng Xunliang , Xu Yifan , Zhang Jing , Li Yiming , Wang Lie , Peng Huisheng
Published: December 2017

A one-dimensional soft and color-programmable light-emitting device is developed with high stretchability.
Theoretical and experimental studies of Ba2SmTaO6on crystal structure, electronic structure and optical properties
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Wang Song , Gao Lihong , Ma Zhuang , Wang Fuchi , Wang Junsheng
Published: December 2017

The crystal structure, electronic structure and optical properties of Ba2SmTaO6have been studied by first-principles calculation, including GGA and GGA+U, as well as by experimental methods.
Frequency dependence of p-mode frequency shifts induced
by magnetic activity in Kepler solar-like stars
Authors: Salabert D. , Régulo C. , Pérez Hernández F. , García R. A.
Published: December 2017

The variations of the frequencies of the low-degree acoustic oscillations in the Sun induced by magnetic activity show a dependence on radial order. The frequency shifts are observed to increase towards higher-order modes to reach a maximum of about 0.8 μHz over the 11-yr solar cycle. A comparable frequency dependence is also measured in two other main sequence solar-like stars, the F-star HD 49933, and the young 1 Gyr-old solar analog KIC 10644253, although with different amplitudes of the shifts of about 2 μHz and 0.5 μHz, respectively. Our objective here is to extend this analysis to stars with different masses, metallicities, and evolutionary stages. From an initial set of 87 Kepler solar-like oscillating stars with known individual p-mode frequencies, we identify five stars showing frequency shifts that can be considered reliable using selection criteria based on Monte Carlo simulations and on the photospheric magnetic activity proxy Sph. The frequency dependence of the frequency shifts of four of these stars could be measured for the l = 0 and l = 1 modes individually. Given the quality of the data, the results could indicate that a physical source of perturbation different from that in the Sun is dominating in this sample of solar-like stars.
Gesundheitsschutz in der nephrologischen Pfleg
Authors: Drähne Angela
Published: December 2017

Der Gesundheitsschutz in der nephrologischen Pflege beinhaltet verschiedene Aspekte und stellt sich als komplexer Prozess auf breiter
rechtlicher Grundlage dar. Die Betrachtung erfolgt hier nach Belastungsebenen und möglichen Interventionen. Die betrieblichen wie
persönlichen Gesichtspunkte können hierbei nur angerissen werden. Der demografische Wandel in unserer Bevölkerung hat Auswirkungen auf die
Pflegenden und muss bei der Planung des zukünftigen Arbeitslebens Beachtung finden. Ein betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement bringt Vorteile
für Arbeitnehmer wie Arbeitgeber. Es hilft dabei, Belastungen besser zu kompensieren. Fortbildung und Unterweisungen verbessern die
Arbeitszufriedenheit, bringen neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in das Unternehmen und fördern die Auseinandersetzung mit bestehenden
Prozessabläufen. So kann der nephrologische Pflegeprozess für alle Beteiligten gesundheitsfördernd gestaltet werden.
Phonon optimized interatomic potential for aluminum
Authors: Muraleedharan Murali Gopal , Rohskopf Andrew , Yang Vigor , Henry Asegun
Published: December 2017

We address the problem of generating a phonon optimized interatomic potential (POP) for aluminum. The POP methodology, which has already been shown to work for semiconductors such as silicon and germanium, uses an evolutionary strategy based on a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the free parameters in an empirical interatomic potential (EIP). For aluminum, we used the Vashishta functional form. The training data set was generated ab initio, consisting of forces, energy vs. volume, stresses, and harmonic and cubic force constants obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Existing potentials for aluminum, such as the embedded atom method (EAM) and charge-optimized many-body (COMB3) potential, show larger errors when the EIP forces are compared with those predicted by DFT, and thus they are not particularly well suited for reproducing phonon properties. Using a comprehensive Vashishta functional form, which involves short and long-ranged interactions, as well as three-body terms, we were able to better capture interactions that reproduce phonon properties accurately. Furthermore, the Vashishta potential is flexible enough to be extended to Al2O3 and the interface between Al-Al2O3, which is technologically important for combustion of solid Al nano powders. The POP developed here is tested for accuracy by comparing phonon thermal conductivity accumulation plots, density of states, and dispersion relations with DFT results. It is shown to perform well in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as well, where the phonon thermal conductivity is calculated via the Green-Kubo relation. The results are within 10% of the values obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), employing Fermi’s Golden Rule to predict the phonon-phonon relaxation times.
Emergence of liquid crystalline order in the lowest Landau level of a quantum Hall system with internal anisotropy
Authors: Ciftja Orion
Published: December 2017

It has now become evident that interplay between internal anisotropy parameters (such as electron mass anisotropy and/or anisotropic coupling of electrons to the substrate) and electron-electron correlation effects can create a rich variety of possibilities especially in quantum Hall systems. The electron mass anisotropy or material substrate effects (for example, the piezoelectric effect in GaAs) can lead to an effective anisotropic interaction potential between electrons. For lack of knowledge of realistic ab-initio potentials that may describe such effects, we adopt a phenomenological approach and assume that an anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential mimics the internal anisotropy of the system. In this work we investigate the emergence of liquid crystalline order at filling factor ν = 1/6 of the lowest Landau level, a state very close to the point where a transition from the liquid to the Wigner solid happens. We consider small finite systems of electrons interacting with an anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential and study the energy stability of an anisotropic liquid crystalline state relative to its isotropic Fermi-liquid counterpart. Quantum Monte Carlo simulation results in disk geometry show stabilization of liquid crystalline order driven by an anisotropic Coulomb interaction potential at all values of the interaction anisotropy parameter studied.
Waste chrysanthemum tea derived hierarchically porous carbon for CO2 capture
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Lei , Zhang Lili , Yu Yifeng , Zhang Yue , Chen Aibing
Published: December 2017

Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) is deemed to be the most potentially useful material for CO2 adsorption due to its rich porous structure, large specific surface area, and stable chemical properties. Herein, HPC with high CO2 adsorption capacity has been prepared using waste chrysanthemum tea as a carbon precursor via simple ZnCl2 activation followed by the annealing process. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms revealed that both the activation temperature and the ZnCl2/precursor ratio are important to form high specific surface area and abundant pores. Scanning electron microscopy images, X-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis showed that the HPC possessed a rich porous structure, attributing to amorphous carbon. Serving as an adsorbent for CO2, the HPC materials showed a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.8 mmol g−1 at 25 °C under atmospheric pressure and a remarkable reusability of 90.8% retention after 20 adsorption/regeneration cycles. Overall, the waste chrysanthemum tea derived HPC showed promising application in CO2 capture.
Microstructure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in Ni42.9Co6.9Mn38.3Sn11.9 alloy ribbons
Authors: Ma S. C. , Ge Q. , Yang S. , Liu K. , Han X. Q. , Yu K. , Song Y. , Zhang Z. S. , Jiang Q. Z. , Chen C. C. , Liu R. H. , Zhong Z. C.
Published: December 2017

The microstructure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties are investigated in the melt-spun and annealed Ni42.9Co6.9Mn38.3Sn11.9 ribbons. The columnar grains grow perpendicular to ribbon surfaces. After annealing, the grain size increases greatly. Meanwhile, the parent phase is suppressed and therefore L10 martensite predominates, indicating obvious shift of martensitic transformation to high temperature. More interestingly, the martensite variants are distinctly observed on the fractured cross-section of annealed ribbons, not just on the free surface in general. The significant enhancement of magnetic entropy change and effective refrigerant capacities with relatively smaller thermal hysteresis make annealed ribbons potential candidate in magnetic refrigeration around room temperature.
Force fields of charged particles in micro-nanofluidic preconcentration systems
Authors: Gong Lingyan , Ouyang Wei , Li Zirui , Han Jongyoon
Published: December 2017

Electrokinetic concentration devices based on the ion concentration polarization (ICP) phenomenon have drawn much attention due to their simple setup, high enrichment factor, and easy integration with many subsequent processes, such as separation, reaction, and extraction etc. Despite significant progress in the experimental research, fundamental understanding and detailed modeling of the preconcentration systems is still lacking. The mechanism of the electrokinetic trapping of charged particles is currently limited to the force balance analysis between the electric force and fluid drag force in an over-simplified one-dimensional (1D) model, which misses many signatures of the actual system. This letter studies the particle trapping phenomena that are not explainable in the 1D model through the calculation of the two-dimensional (2D) force fields. The trapping of charged particles is shown to significantly distort the electric field and fluid flow pattern, which in turn leads to the different trapping behaviors of particles of different sizes. The mechanisms behind the protrusions and instability of the focused band, which are important factors determining overall preconcentration efficiency, are revealed through analyzing the rotating fluxes of particles in the vicinity of the ion-selective membrane. The differences in the enrichment factors of differently sized particles are understood through the interplay between the electric force and convective fluid flow. These results provide insights into the electrokinetic concentration effect, which could facilitate the design and optimization of ICP-based preconcentration systems.
Analysis of high reverse currents of 4H-SiC Schottky-barrier diodes
Authors: Okino Hiroyuki , Kameshiro Norifumi , Konishi Kumiko , Shima Akio , Yamada Ren-ichi
Published: December 2017

Nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and molybdenum (Mo) 4H-silicon carbide Schottky-barrier diodes (SiC SBDs) were fabricated and used to investigate the relation between forward and reverse currents. Temperature dependence of reverse current follows a theory that includes tunneling in regard to thermionic emission, namely, temperature dependence is weak at low temperature but strong at high temperatures. On the other hand, the reverse currents of the Ni and Mo SBDs are higher than their respective currents calculated from their Schottky barrier heights (SBHs), whereas the reverse current of the Ti SBD agrees well with that calculated from its SBH. The cause of the high reverse currents was investigated from the viewpoints of low barrier patch, Gaussian distribution of barrier height (GD), thin surface barrier, and electron effective mass. The high reverse current of the Ni and Mo SBDs can be explained not in terms of a low-barrier patch, GD, or thin surface barrier but in terms of small effective masses. Investigation of crystal structures at the Schottky interface revealed a large lattice mismatch between the metals (Ni, Ti, or Mo) and SiC for the Ni and Mo SBDs. The small effective mass is possibly attributed to the large lattice mismatch, which might generate transition layers at the Schottky interface. It is concluded from these results that the lattice constant as well as the work function is an important factor in selecting the metal species as the Schottky metal for wide band-gap SBDs, for which tunneling current dominates reverse current.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen for PARKIN regulators reveals transcriptional repression as a determinant of mitophagy
Authors: Potting Christoph , Crochemore Christophe , Moretti Francesca , Nigsch Florian , Schmidt Isabel , Manneville Carole , Carbone Walter , Knehr Judith , DeJesus Rowena , Lindeman Alicia , Maher Rob , Russ Carsten , McAllister Gregory , Reece-Hoyes John S. , Hoffman Gregory R. , Roma Guglielmo , Müller Matthias , Sailer Andreas W. , Helliwell Stephen B.
Published: December 2017

Significance

In mitophagy, damaged mitochondria are targeted for disposal by the autophagy machinery. PARKIN promotes signaling of mitochondrial damage to the autophagy machinery for engagement, and PARKIN mutations cause Parkinson’s disease, possibly because damaged mitochondria accumulate in neurons. Because regulation of PARKIN abundance and the impact on signaling are poorly understood, we performed a genetic screen to identify PARKIN abundance regulators. Both positive and negative regulators were identified and will help us to further understand mitophagy and Parkinson’s disease. We show that some of the identified genes negatively regulate PARKIN gene expression, which impacts signaling of mitochondrial damage in mitophagy. This link between transcriptional repression and mitophagy is also apparent in neurons in culture, bearing implications for disease.
Srf controls satellite cell fusion through the maintenance of actin architecture
Authors: Randrianarison-Huetz Voahangy , Papaefthymiou Aikaterini , Herledan Gaëlle , Noviello Chiara , Faradova Ulduz , Collard Laura , Pincini Alessandra , Schol Emilie , Decaux Jean François , Maire Pascal , Vassilopoulos Stéphane , Sotiropoulos Athanassia
Published: December 2017

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells that are mobilized when muscle homeostasis is perturbed. Here, we show that serum response factor (Srf) is needed for optimal SC-mediated hypertrophic growth. We identified Srf as a master regulator of SC fusion required in both fusion partners, whereas it was dispensable for SC proliferation and differentiation. We show that SC-specific Srf deletion leads to impaired actin cytoskeleton and report the existence of finger-like actin–based protrusions at fusion sites in vertebrates that were notoriously absent in fusion-defective myoblasts lacking Srf. Restoration of a polymerized actin network by overexpression of an α-actin isoform in Srf mutant SCs rescued their fusion with a control cell in vitro and in vivo and reestablished overload-induced muscle growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of Srf in controlling the organization of actin cytoskeleton and actin-based protrusions for myoblast fusion in mammals and its requirement to achieve efficient hypertrophic myofiber growth.
A Numb–Mdm2 fuzzy complex reveals an isoform-specific involvement of Numb in breast cancer
Authors: Colaluca Ivan Nicola , Basile Andrea , Freiburger Lee , D'Uva Veronica , Disalvatore Davide , Vecchi Manuela , Confalonieri Stefano , Tosoni Daniela , Cecatiello Valentina , Malabarba Maria Grazia , Yang Chun-Jiun , Kainosho Masatsune , Sattler Michael , Mapelli Marina , Pece Salvatore , Di Fiore Pier Paolo
Published: December 2017

Numb functions as an oncosuppressor by inhibiting Notch signaling and stabilizing p53. This latter effect depends on the interaction of Numb with Mdm2, the E3 ligase that ubiquitinates p53 and commits it to degradation. In breast cancer (BC), loss of Numb results in a reduction of p53-mediated responses including sensitivity to genotoxic drugs and maintenance of homeostasis in the stem cell compartment. In this study, we show that the Numb–Mdm2 interaction represents a fuzzy complex mediated by a short Numb sequence encompassing its alternatively spliced exon 3 (Ex3), which is necessary and sufficient to inhibit Mdm2 and prevent p53 degradation. Alterations in the Numb splicing pattern are critical in BC as shown by increased chemoresistance of tumors displaying reduced levels of Ex3-containing isoforms, an effect that could be mechanistically linked to diminished p53 levels. A reduced level of Ex3-less Numb isoforms independently predicts poor outcome in BCs harboring wild-type p53. Thus, we have uncovered an important mechanism of chemoresistance and progression in p53-competent BCs.
Lobbying and policy capture
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines how policy is captured and aims to show how the capture of the other domains examined in this book relate to the ultimate prize of policy capture. Notable, however, policy can be captured variety of ways. The chapter considers two dimensions of policy capture—upstream and downstream. ‘Downstream’ refers to attempts to influence particular policy measures that might directly affect the industry concerned. ‘Upstream’ refers to influencing the agreed procedures by which decisions on particular matters will be taken in years to come. After that we turn to a relatively recent innovation in policy making that challenges the very categories adopted in policy studies. Partnership governance breaches the seemingly clear conceptual split between interest groups and government. We examine some key UK and EU examples in the addictions field, asking about the implications for public health and corporate power.
Insight
Authors: Wallace John
Published: December 2017

John Wallace traces his life as a musician from his earliest experiences in informal ensemble playing to recent activities such as running a major European conservatoire. Noting that he is a ‘product of an instinctive, informal learning community of closely interacting humans with asymmetric age groupings’, he describes himself as a musician who is still ‘in the making’.
Evaluating progress and setting directions
Authors: Lebler Don , Harrison Scott
Published: December 2017

The complexity of assessing musical performance as a nonverbal art form is well known within the field of professional practice. This chapter addresses key issues including the tension between assessing craftsmanship and artistry. It surveys the strong tradition of expert panel assessment that continues to be the hallmark of musical performance assessment in many contexts, in relation to both solo and ensemble performance. It also explores how such practices may intersect with the development of self-assessment and self-reflection as core professional skills for performers, as well as the processes of formative and summative assessment. Finally, it argues that the making of musicians is a lifelong process in which assessment and examination have an important role but are by no means the only factor in determining whether or not a music student’s eventual career will be successful.
Informal learning and musical performance
Authors: Smart Tim , Green Lucy
Published: December 2017

If the adage ‘You live and learn’ reflects any truth, then the vast majority of living and learning must take place informally. This can range from unintentional and nonconscious processes such as enculturation, to intentional and conscious self-teaching. While the study of informal learning in music has tended to focus on popular and other vernacular musicians, this chapter adopts a wider approach, considering the perspectives of a range of musicians across several musical contexts, styles and genres. The authors review key sources of knowledge, skills and abilities relevant to these musicians and to their performance, and consider examples of how informal learning practices are valued in underpinning their work. They also examine the characteristics and prevalence of informal learning, how it interfaces with other practices, and how research in the field of informal music learning may serve to promote and champion a richer perspective on the learning of music for the benefit of all learners, intentional or not.
Insight
Authors: Manning Jane
Published: December 2017

As a vocalist and specialist in new music, Jane Manning engages with diverse influences that contribute to her own approach to preparing performances: coming to a brand new score and beginning to make sense of it, dialogue with the composer, considering previous interpretations where these exist, and seeking characterization that has personal integrity yet meticulously respects the score—and all of which is underpinned by attention to vocal technique.
Insight
Authors: Castro Ricardo , Gaunt Helena
Published: December 2017

Ricardo Castro’s contribution discusses ways in which peer-to-peer collaboration and exchange between teachers and students may support individual development within studio teaching and enable creative trajectories for all concerned. This perspective is combined with commitment to offering a musical education to all children regardless of background, such that they have the opportunity to undertake the creative journey that this can embody.
Insight
Authors: Faultless Margaret
Published: December 2017

Margaret Faultless considers the influences on her career as a professional performer of musical encounters and discussions with colleagues, including both verbal and nonverbal communication on and off the platform. Noting that the latter can be expressed through body language, in small and large musical ensembles alike, she observes that for her ‘the most sophisticated communication in such contexts takes place through the music itself’.
Towards convergence
Authors: Duffy Celia , Harrop Joe
Published: December 2017

This chapter concerns the interrelationship between music history and analysis—so-called academic studies—and musical performance, and it considers how such studies might affect or influence the student performer. Until recently, musical performance and academic studies were regarded as separate elements in music education, a separation that is now being challenged. The chapter begins by reviewing existing scholarship on performance studies and by exploring how the concerns of historically informed performance and practice as research can bring the questions underlying that scholarship into focus, even in undergraduate curricula. The discussion then turns to the higher education (HE) music environment and recent educational thinking seeking to unite distinct strands of musical study within a single curriculum. Two modules that attempt to integrate performance and scholarship—one from a university music department and one from a conservatoire—serve as exemplars. In the final section, opinions and observations solicited from musicians working in HE throw light on the issues from divergent perspectives. The overriding themes are duality and separation on the one hand and connections and convergence on the other—of ‘thinkers’ and ‘doers’, insight and analysis, formal and tacit knowledge, conservatoires and universities, and academic lectures and one-to-one performance tuition.
Insight
Authors: Uitti Frances-Marie
Published: December 2017

Frances-Marie Uitti charts a lifelong discovery of the potential of an instrument, in this case the cello, through multiple collaborations with composers and through her own ground-breaking exploratory work, including the creation of altogether new instruments. At the heart of this process, she reveals the development of her musical ear which then translates to a distinctive artistic voice.
Insight
Authors: Tan Melvyn , Rink John
Published: December 2017

Melvyn Tan notes that learning music is a lifelong process. He describes his own experiences as a student engaged in hours of practising, as a ‘novice performer’ who started to learn how to gauge his performances, and as one interested in historical pianos as well as modern instruments. He notes that success is not always possible and that much time is needed to develop one’s artistic voice.
A convex program for mixed linear regression with a recovery guarantee for well-separated data
Authors: Hand Paul , Joshi Babhru
Published: December 2017

We introduce a convex approach for mixed linear regression over d features. This approach is a second-order cone program, based on L1 minimization, which assigns an estimate regression coefficient in $\mathbb {R}^{d}$ for each data point. These estimates can then be clustered using, for example, k-means. For problems with two or more mixture classes, we prove that the convex program exactly recovers all of the mixture components in the noiseless setting under technical conditions that include a well-separation assumption on the data. Under these assumptions, recovery is possible if each class has at least d-independent measurements. We also explore an iteratively reweighted least squares implementation of this method on real and synthetic data.
Yellow Fever in an Unvaccinated Traveler to Peru
Authors: Winnicka Lydia , Abdullah Amirahwaty , Yang Tsujung , Norville Kim , Irizarry-Acosta Melina
Published: December 2017

We present a case of an unvaccinated traveler who traveled from New York to Peru and contracted yellow fever. He likely acquired the infection while visiting the Amazon River, with a point of exit of Lima, Peru. Our case illustrates the dramatic course that yellow fever may take, as well as the importance of pretravel vaccination.
Urban Snapshots and Manners
Authors: Song Weijie
Published: December 2017

This chapter focuses on a type of Beijing narrative that seizes instants in the floating, ephemeral, modern urban life while conveying an affective mapping of the city, its people, traditional charm, flow of emotions, and social manners. Serialized in literary supplements of newspapers, these writings became enormously popular between the 1920s and the 1930s. Zhang Henshui’s work represents the peak of the accomplishments in this subgenre. His Beijing romance explores a wide range of topics—from material culture of everyday life to cultural debates of the time, from family sagas to street gossip, from warlords’ cruelty to chivalric assassination—all of which register the transitional symptoms and long-lasting pains and sorrows in modern Beijing during the chaotic Warlord Era. From the courtesan house to the grand mansion, from zigzag alleyways to Heaven’s Bridge, Zhang Henshui anchors diversified urban locales and cultural sites and maps the spatial traces of his literary characters’ sentimental education in his urban images and imaginations, which amount to a subtle combination of realist depiction and romantic emplotment.
The Concept of American Exceptionalism and the Case of Capital Punishment
Authors: Garland David
Published: December 2017

This chapter aims to distinguish the various meanings of American exceptionalism and clarifies what we might mean when we invoke this phrase. It also discusses what the American exceptionalism concept implies for the study of crime and punishment. To begin, the chapter first presents a preliminary discussion on the concept and its meanings. It then examines American exceptionalism by means of a close analysis of a specific penal phenomenon that is often invoked as proof that the United States is, indeed, exceptional: America’s retention of capital punishment into the twenty-first century. Here, the chapter argues that while America’s current stance on capital punishment may be anomalous in international terms, it is not an instance of American exceptionalism.
Team Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Reiter-Palmon Roni , Harms Mackenzie
Published: December 2017

For the past two decades, creativity and innovation have been viewed by researchers as critical to organizational success and survival. Understanding the factors that facilitate or inhibit creativity and innovation at the individual level has been the focus of much of the research in the area. In recent years, research in organizational psychology and management has focused on understanding creativity and innovation in teams. However, while earlier work on teams and creativity focused on the team as a context variable, and individual creativity as the outcome, more recent research emphasizes creativity as the outcome. This chapter provides an overview of the state of research and practice as it relates to team creativity and innovation in organizations.
Team Diversity and Team Creativity
Authors: van Knippenberg Daan , Hoever Inga J.
Published: December 2017

There is a long-standing belief in the value of diversity for team creativity. An evaluation of the evidence, however, suggests that team diversity does not reliably produce team creativity, and that the challenge for team creativity research and practice is to identify the moderating influences that allow teams to reap the benefits of diversity in their creative performance. We review the available evidence for the moderating influences on the relationship between team diversity and team creativity, and we conclude that the categorization-elaboration model (CEM) of team diversity and performance provides a useful framework to understand these moderating influences. We discuss how the CEM can both guide the further development of the study of team creativity and the integration of the study of diversity effects on team creativity and of cross-level effects on individual creativity.
Training Creativity in Teams
Authors: Marlow Shannon L. , Lacerenza Christina N. , Woods Amanda L. , Salas Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Organizations are currently facing demands associated with remaining competitive in a constantly evolving market. Promoting creativity is a commonly implemented approach to address this challenge. One possible solution to enhancing organizational creativity is the implementation of training programs that encourage the generation of novel, creative ideas within the context of teams. This chapter aims to synthesize the current literature on the science of training as it pertains to fostering creativity within teams. We begin by providing definitions for the constructs associated with this research and a brief overview of team training and team creativity. We then review instructional strategies currently used to train creativity. Next, we delineate best practices intended to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of team training for creativity. We close by suggesting future directions for research that will uncover how team training can be implemented more effectively to enhance team creativity.