bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of social security schemes provided by Gram Panchayats on rural economy (with special reference to Banda district)
Authors: Purwar Puran Prakash
Published: October 2024

India is basically a country of villages. 76 percent of the population lives in about 6 lakh villages of the country and today the most serious and widespread problem of India is rural backwardness and poverty prevailing among the large population there. The most important question before the country's planners and economists is how to end this backwardness and poverty prevailing in the rural area or how to reduce its prevalence? The social security schemes provided by the Gram Panchayats have had a significant impact on the rural economy. The social security schemes provided by the Gram Panchayats have had the most positive impact on rural unemployment. The social security schemes provided by the Gram Panchayats have also had a positive impact on rural poverty. The social security schemes provided by Gram Panchayats have had a positive impact on the health and medical facilities of the villagers.
Abstract in Hindi Language: भारत मूलतः गाँवों का देश है। यहाँ की 76 प्रतिशत जनसंख्या देश के लगभग 6 लाख गाँवो में निवास करती है और आज भारत की सर्वाधिक गम्भीर तथा व्यापक समस्या ग्रामीण पिछडेपन और वहाँ के बृहद जनसमूह में व्याप्त गरीबी की है। देश की योजनाओं और अर्थशास्त्रियों के समक्ष सबसे महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न यही है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में व्याप्त इस पिछडेपन और गरीबी को कैसे समाप्त किया जाय या इसकी व्यापकता कैसे कम की जाये? ग्राम पंचायतों द्वारा प्रदत्त सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं का ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पडा है।  ग्राम पंचायतों द्वारा प्रदत्त सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं का ग्रामीण बेरोजगारी पर सर्वाधिक सकारात्मक प्रभाव पडा है। ग्राम पंचायतों द्वारा प्रदत्त सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं का ग्रामीण गरीबी पर भी सकारात्मक प्रभाव पडा है। ग्राम पंचायतों द्वारा प्रदत्त सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं का ग्रामीणों के स्वास्थ्य व चिकित्सा व्यवस्था पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव पडा है।
Keywords: ग्रामीण, ग्राम पंचायत, ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था, सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाएं
Infrastructure Investment and Industrial Competitiveness in Uttarakhand
Authors: Nautiyal Sudhir Chandra , Upadhyay Anil
Published: October 2024

In this research paper, I have provided a comprehensive analysis of “Infrastructure Investment and Industrial Competitiveness in Uttarakhand.” In Uttarakhand, the relationship between infrastructure spending and industrial competitiveness symbolizes a transforming story. By strategically investing in digital infrastructure, electricity production, and transportation networks, this northern Indian state has changed the face of its economy. Strong network of roads, railroads, and airports have eased logistical restrictions, promoting the expansion of a variety of enterprises. The state of Uttarakhand has become a global pioneer in sustainable energy because to investments in clean energy projects, notably hydroelectric electricity and solar energy, which has increased industrial production. Effective e-governance and online education have been made possible by digital connection, spurring industrial innovation. Uttarakhand is a developing industrial powerhouse because to its aggressive policies, competent people, and favorable business climate. Manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, textiles, information technology, and agriculture have all seen rapid growth as a consequence, greatly enhancing the state's economic competitiveness. This seamless fusion of economic prowess and infrastructural investment highlights Uttarakhand's amazing trajectory toward becoming a model of sustainable development and international acclaim.
Analytics of Fintech, Local Governance and Financial Inclusion: New-Age Structure Equation Remodeling
Authors: Gupta Rimjhim , Goyal Narendra Singh
Published: October 2024

This study applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationships among Fintech Adoption, Local Governance Perception, and Financial Inclusion, using data from 380 users sampled conveniently. The research tests hypotheses regarding the impacts of fintech adoption and governance perceptions on financial inclusion outcomes in the context of Rajasthan's tribal districts. Findings support significant positive relationships: fintech adoption enhances financial inclusion, while positive local governance perceptions contribute to inclusivity. Policy implications suggest leveraging fintech innovations and improving governance frameworks to enhance financial access and equity in marginalized communities, aligning with sustainable development goals. This analysis underscores the importance of integrating technological advancements and effective governance practices in fostering inclusive economic growth and equitable access to financial services.
Apresentação do Centro de Competência e Desenvolvimento da Economia Azul
Authors: Sardinha Álvaro
Published: October 2024

The blue economy focuses on sustainable and regenerative development associated with resources and sectors related to the aquatic environment (ocean, seas, rivers and lakes). The blue economy encompasses traditional economic activities such as fishing, aquaculture and processing industries, maritime transport, port facilities and logistics, maritime infrastructure and works, shipbuilding and maintenance, coastal tourism and nautical tourism, sports and culture, and education, training and scientific research. It also includes emerging economic activities such as renewable ocean energies (wind, wave and tidal), marine biotechnology (biofuels, genetic resources, pharmaceuticals), maritime surveillance, carbon capture and sequestration, among many others. Each of these activities faces challenges associated with decarbonisation, digitalisation and the circular economy, while offering vast opportunities for innovation, entrepreneurship, investment and the development of professional careers, boosting the creation of qualified jobs. The blue economy is driven by several critical factors, including the promotion of a healthy and resilient ocean, the protection of biodiversity, the existence and quality of basic sanitation, the creation and maintenance of vibrant ecosystems, and investment in knowledge, education and inclusive social development.
Usos da água em Angola: um olhar sobre as comunidades rurais no Planalto Central
Authors: João Delfina , Campos Júlia
Published: October 2024

Water is a natural resource and is subject to significant pressure from poor management in agriculture, aquaculture, energy production, and industry, which is further amplified by anthropogenic climate change. To reflect on the use of water in rural communities in Angola’s Central Plateau, an exploratory study was conducted based on a literature review of articles from Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and Springer databases, as well as relevant reports and decrees. The results indicate that ecosystem degradation is the primary cause of reduced water availability for the rural population. It was concluded that, although the Angolan government has expressed concern about ensuring access to water and sanitation, the absence of basic infrastructure and the lack of an organized and up-to-date database have prevented the development of public policies that ensure adequate water management in rural areas.
VALIDITAS PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF ADOBE FLASH CS6 PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Noperi Wenni Yulia , Reinita Reinita
Published: October 2024

This research is based on the minimal use of technology-based media in the teaching and learning process in elementary schools, especially in Pancasila Education subjects. Teachers more often use surrounding objects and books as media, which makes students feel bored during learning. The aim of this research is to develop interactive multimedia using Adobe Flash CS6  for learning Pancasila Education, especially the Elements of the 1945 Constitution, in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City, which has high validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research is a type of research and development (Research & Development) by applying the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The instruments used to collect data include validation, practicality and effectiveness instruments. Data was analyzed through validity, practicality and effectiveness analysis. The development of interactive multimedia Adobe Flash CS6  for learning Pancasila education in class V of SD Gugus 2, Nanggalo District, Padang City uses the ADDIE model. The results show that the average assessment of the three expert validators is 93.74%, which is categorized as very valid. The results show that any media is very suitable for use.
ISLAMIC BASED ECO-FRIENDLY CHARACTER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN BANJARMASIN
Authors: Kartika MR Galuh Nashrulloh , Hafiz Abdul , Barsihanor Barsihanor
Published: October 2024

This study describes Islamic-based eco-friendly character education and its implications in elementary schools in Banjarmasin. This study used a qualitative approach, case study type with the research objects of the principal, teachers, and students. Research data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The researcher used technical triangulation and source triangulation to obtain data validity. The researcher found that Islamic-based eco-friendly character education was carried out through several activities, namely daily reports, GPS (trash collection movement), LISA (see trash pick up) habits, community service, waste banks, composting, nurseries, hydroponics planting, TOGA planting, water and energy conservation, eco-friendly behavioral innovation, environmental learning, formation of Adiwiyata cadres and coaching of Adiwiyata schools. The implications of Islamic-based eco-friendly character education in elementary schools in Banjarmasin refer to four components, namely environmentally aware school policies, implementation of environmentally based curriculum, participatory environmental activities and management of eco-friendly facilities and infrastructure
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN MEMBACA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Andriani Meysa , Dafit Febrina
Published: October 2024

In facing the challenges students face in reading, teachers need to be proactive in providing guidance to help them overcome obstacles that hinder the learning process. This research aims to explain the reading problems faced by students and the teachers' efforts to solve them in class II of SDN 002 Bagan Besar, Dumai City. The method applied in this research is a qualitative approach. Researchers used various data collection techniques including observation, interviews and document analysis involving research subjects consisting of class II B homeroom teachers and class II B students at SDN 002 Bagan Besar, Dumai City. The research results showed that there were class II B students who experienced difficulties in reading, such as lack of reading fluency, frequent mistakes, difficulty in distinguishing similar letters, and errors in pronouncing words or sound symbols. The efforts taken by teachers to overcome the reading difficulties of class II students at SDN 002 Bagan Besar, Dumai City, have been quite effective. Teachers use interesting and interactive learning methods, such as picture letter books, and strengthen students' self-confidence and motivation through praise. In addition, teachers do not blame students and provide special remedial programs to improve their reading skills
Формування комунікативної компетентності учнів початкових класів в умовах змішаного навчання
Authors: Імбер Вікторія , Комарівська Надія
Published: October 2024

The article deals with a review of the peculiarities of the development of communicative competence of primary school children in the conditions of blended education. In particular, the methods and technologies of blended learning, non-standard forms of communication of the participants of the educational process, which contribute to the development of communicative competence of primary school children, are revealed.
Features of the organization of blended learning, online classes, integration of educational platform tools into the process of distance learning are described.
The models of blended learning are presented: the «Face-to-Face Driver» model, the rotational model, which can be used as a basis for the development of communicative competence of primary school children in the conditions of blended learning.
Varieties of the rotation model are described in detail: classroom rotation, laboratory rotation, portioned learning, individual rotation (Flex model, Self-blend model, Enriched virtual learning model), as well as components of blended learning technologies in each model.
It was found that one of the most important tasks of a teacher in the conditions of mixed education in primary school is to build the learning process in a new way, changing the role of the children in it. Prospective elements of the blended model of education in primary school are highlighted.
Methods of organizing the work of primary school children in small groups for each class are presented (joint writing, paired reading, business conversations, group reading, group dictation, dramatization, collective reading).
As a result of blended learning, pupils adapt to the communication process. Learning becomes individually oriented, each pupil is given the opportunity to do the task at his own pace, a choice of problem situations interesting to the pupil is offered, which significantly increases their motivation to study.
Efficacy of Intraarticular Vancomycin in Preventing Infection in Patients Undergoing Hip Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Mohammadhoseini Payam , Mohammadi Seyed Mohammad , Aghaei Aghdam Amir , Asgari Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Background: Hip fractures are among the top ten causes of disability in adults worldwide. Patients with hip fracture are at significant risk of mortality and morbidity and reduced quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of intra-articular vancomycin in preventing infection in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty. Materials and Methods: This double-blind controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 48 patients with femoral neck fracture candidates for hip hemiarthroplasty hemiarthroplasty in Orthopedic clinic of Golestan and Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran between June and November 2023. Eligible patients were divided into two equal groups. The intervention group received 1gram vancomycin intra-articularly during the operation before closure of fascia, and the control group did not receive vancomycin. The patients were followed up for 6 months after the operation, and the rate of superficial infection, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and wound complications were compared in two groups. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 for Windows. Results: The vancomycin group and the control group had no significant difference in the incidence of overall infection. The PJI in vancomycin and control groups were 4.16% and 8.33%, respectively. This difference was not statistically considerable (P=0.55). The results showed the incidence of superficial estimated 8.33% in vancomycin group and 4.16% in control group with no considerable difference in infection (P=0.52). Moreover, there was no meaningful difference in side effects between the two groups (P=0.63). There was no significant difference in wound complications between the two groups (P=0.3). . Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of 1gram of vancomycin suspension did not reduce the overall, superficial and deep infection after surgery. It is suggested that more clinical trial studies with higher sample size be conducted.
Towards Durability of Redundant Composite Beams
Authors: Kartopoltsev A. M.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the methodology improvement of assessing the durability of metal span structures with composite beams via the control for the stress-strain state on the basis of the system redundancy and self-organization. The variation in loads on composite beams of bridge spans during a long operation, is considered herein.Purpose: The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for estimation of durability of composite beams as self-organized systems under load.Research findings: It is shown that redundant composite beams increase their durability and technical utilization.Practical implications: Durability of composite beams with regard to the yield strength delay.
Urban Planning of the Past in the Face of Potential Airborne Threats During World War II
Authors: Monich D. I. , Monich G. I. , Litvinova O. G.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a theoretical review of scientific articles on urban planning under airborne attacks between World War I and World War II. Publications on this topic are few and belong to foreign researchers. Only a small part of works was translated and published in architectural journals of the USSR early in the 20th century.Purpose: The literature review of urban planning in the face of airborne threats.Methodology: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications and systematic analysis of the works of architects.Research findings: Since the 1930s, the problem of effective urban planning in conditions of airborne defense has been posed in the architectural environment. Despite widespread publicity and safe city pilot projects, none was fully realized.

Value: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications shows that airborne threats cease to be a hot topic, despite continuing military conflicts.
Pit, Spirit, Necromancer or Instrument Used in Necromancy? The Problem of Finding the Correct Meaning of the Hebrew Word אוב (’ôḇ)
Authors: Lemański Janusz
Published: October 2024

Various meanings are attributed to the word אוֹב: pit, spirit, necromancer, instrument for divining the future with the help of the dead. Thus, in some cases, it is difficult to decide on the right word to translate it. This article attempts a diachronic analysis of biblical texts and, based on it, traces the potential semantic development from the original sense of “pit”, “instrument used in necromancy” (1 Sam 28:7–8), through the sense of “spirit of the dead” (Isa 8:19; 19:3; 29:4) to the post-exilic use in the sense of “necromancer/medium” (Lev 19:31; 20:6, 27). Deuteronomistic narratives (2 Kgs 21:6; 23:24) and the later list of forbidden practices in Deut 18:10–11 may indicate the timing of this semantic transformation.
Dariusz Dziadosz, Gilgal. Biblia – Archeologia – Teologia. Studium historyczno-krytyczne deuteronomi(sty)cznych tradycji o podboju Kanaanu (Biblioteka Szkoły Dabar 4; Rzeszów: Bonus Liber 2022)
Authors: Wojnicki Arkadiusz
Published: October 2024

Recenzja książki: Dariusz Dziadosz, Gilgal. Biblia – Archeologia – Teologia. Studium historyczno-krytyczne deuteronomi(sty)cznych tradycji o podboju Kanaanu (Biblioteka Szkoły Dabar 4; Rzeszów: Bonus Liber 2022). Pp. 696. PLN 55. ISBN: 978-83-67230-21-6
The “evolution” of the mitochondrial genome of the (Phylloscopus borealis sensu lato) occurs in its nuclear genome
Authors: Spiridonova L. N. , Valchuk O. P. , Red’kin Ya. А.
Published: October 2024

Sequencing of a partial fragment of the ND5–cytb mithochondrial genes (1553 bp) and its nuclear copies was carried out to Phylloscopus borealis sensu lato, belonging to individual taxonomic groups from different parts of the range. It was shown that the majority of taxon-specific and unique mitochondrial substitutions in examinandus and xanthodryas forms were identical to those in nuclear copies of borealis mtDNA. Differences between mitochondrial haplotypes of examinandus and nuclear copies of mtDNA borealis were low (p = 0.02), at the same time the mtDNA genetic divergence in borealis–examinandus, borealis–xanthodryas and examinandus–xanthodryas significantly exceeded this value (p = 0.035, 0.044 and 0.046, respectively). A nuclear copy of the mitochondrial haplotype of the easternmost form of xanthodryas was first discovered in the nuclear genome of one borealis individual in the western part of the breeding range (Komi Republic). Alongside this, it was shown at the first time, the nuclear copies of xanthodryas mtDNA from Toyama Prefecture (Japan) were close to the mitochondrial haplotypes of borealis from Kytlym (Sverdlovsk region) (p = 0.018). Thus, the mutations emerging in the nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes are the source of most substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA of the studied forms. The origin of the mitochondrial haplotypes examinandus and xanthodryas from nuclear copies of mtDNA borealis and the close similarity of their nuclear genomes gives grounds to consider the mitogenomes of these forms as variants of the haplotype of the single species Ph. borealis sensu lato. With a high degree of probability, it can be argued that the divergence time of the haplotypes of the analyzed forms is significantly less than 2.5-3 million years, as previously assumed by a number of authors [Saitoh et al. 2010; Alström et al. 2011], and the “molecular clock” that do not take into account recombination events between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes cannot be used in this case.
Genetic diversity of the little ground squirrel Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1779 (sciuridate, rodentia) in the Northern Caucasus
Authors: Tembotova F. А. , Gudova М. S. , Amshokova A. Kh. , Khalidov A. Kh.
Published: October 2024

Based on the analysis of a fragment of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the genetic diversity of the little ground squirrel Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1779 of the Central and Eastern Caucasus was studied. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two clusters A and B within the western clade of S. pygmaeus 2. Cluster A is formed by haplotypes of ground squirrels from the Eastern Caucasus and the right bank of the river. Volga (Ermakov et al., 2023), and B – only haplotypes of Central Caucasian animals. The distance between clusters A and B reaches 1.3%. The relatively isolated position on the phylogenetic tree of the ground squirrel population of the Central Caucasus, the absence of identical haplotypes in Central and East Caucasian animals, and the distances obtained indicate genetic heterogeneity of the ground squirrel in the North Caucasus. A decrease in haplotypic and nucleotide variability was noted in the Central Caucasian populations of the lesser gopher as compared to those from the Eastern Caucasus, which in general indicates the low viability of S. pygmaeus inhabiting the mountains of the Central Caucasus.
Methylation levels in the 5' region of the TBX20 gene in the ascending aorta change in opposite direction in atherosclerosis and aneurysm
Authors: Koroleva Yu. А. , Goncharova I. A. , Zarubin A. А. , Shipulina S. А. , Sleptsov A. A. , Panfilov D. S. , Kozlov В. N. , Nazarenko M. S.
Published: October 2024

We found hypomethylation of 5 CpG sites in the 5’region of TBX20 gene (7p14.2) in the tissues of atherosclerotic aortic plaque compared to dilated part of aorta in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm. Using GEO database, we found that the DNA methylation level in the chr7:35253926-35262250 region changes in opposite direction in aortic dissection and aortic atherosclerosis. The results suggest an alteration in epigenetic regulation both in aortic atherosclerosis andaortic aneurysm.
Detection and interpretation of central type structures within the territory of southeastern Transbaikalia for prediction of ore-forming systems
Authors: Ustinov S. А. , Petrov V. А. , Minaev V. А. , Nafigin I. О. , Yarovaya Е. V.
Published: October 2024

Extremely little attention is paid to the issues of detecting and interpreting of central type structures (CTS) when conducting remote structural-geological and structural-geomorphological studies. At the same time, in the 70–80s of the 20th century, the important role of CTSs in the localization of deposits and ore fields was proven. The position of these structures must necessarily be taken into account when solving problems of searching for and predicting mineral resources in the context of metallogenic analysis and reconstruction of the geological history of development of the studied areas. The almost absence of results of mass detecting and interpreting of CTSs can be explained by the still poorly developed methodology for identifying and analyzing this type of structure. In the present study for the territory of southeastern Transbaikalia, based on modern geoinformation technologies, the use of remote sensing data (radar topographic survey) of high resolution, the creation of a digital elevation model and the application of an integrated structural-spatial analysis, an author’s approach to detection and interpretation of the CTSs is presented, including in connection with the localization of ore objects of various geological-industrial (geological-genetic) types within the framework of the concept of the formation of mineral systems. A statistical analysis of the CTSs identified in the area was carried out, which made it possible to establish a smooth increase in the number of structures with a decrease in their diameter. It is shown that the spatial maxima of ore mineralization extent within the territory are concentrated on the periphery of large CTSs and in their immediate vicinity. Most of the known large ore objects are confined to the internal areas of structures less than 10 km in diameter. Based on the approach of constructing model sections, it was possible to reconstruct the deep position of magma chambers associated with the identified CTSs, and, thereby, to determine the probable sources of metal-bearing fluids. A close spatial relationship between the identified magma chambers and deep faults has been established. To determine the most favorable sites for the deposition of ore mineralization, based on structural-spatial criteria, which include not only structural elements of the CTSs, but also segments of known fault structures, weight of evidence models of the territory have been created. The accuracy of the complex model is 89%. Thus, in accordance with the concept of mineral systems, the sources, migration pathways and sites of the most probable deposition of ore mineralization have been reconstructed.
The origins of Russia’s Mediterranean trade: the 250th anniversary of the Küçük Kaynarca treaty
Authors: Kudriavtseva Elena P.
Published: October 2024

The Black Sea trade was a crucial factor in the economic development of the Russian state following the incorporation of Crimea and the Northern Black Sea region into the empire. Nevertheless, even prior to reaching the Black Sea and the establishment of the first harbours, the Don merchants were engaged in commercial activities utilising Greek merchant vessels. The construction of merchant and military fleets in the ports of Nikolaev and Kherson was still a distant prospect. Following the conclusion of the first trade treaties between Russia and France, Turkey, Italy and the Septinsular Republic, the Black Sea trade opened up new prospects. The Mediterranean countries welcomed the new trading power with enthusiasm, anticipating the potential benefits of trade relations with it. This became evident when wheat from Novorossiya, which enjoyed good sales not only across the Mediterranean but also beyond, was shipped to Black Sea ports. Nevertheless, the Ottoman Empire continued to be Russia’s main trading partner. Its vast territory stretched across the Balkans, Asia Minor, and North Africa, including numerous islands of the Archipelago. The southern regions of the Ottoman Empire provided Russia with a range of commodities, including fruit, rice, wine, and olive oil. In return, Russian merchants exported Russian leather, furs, iron, and wheat southwards. Following Greece’s independence in 1830, trade with this state, which had long been a conduit for Russian goods and whose sailors were renowned for their expertise in the Mediterranean, began to flourish. The advancement of the Black Sea trade was contingent upon the construction of ships, which reached a new standard following the establishment of additional ports in the Crimea and the Azov region. The evolution of the Black Sea trade has been a subject of interest for scholars, both Russian and international, who have utilized published statistical data and materials from the archives of Southern Russia. The author draws on a hitherto untapped body of sources, namely information from Russian consuls in the Archipelago, Turkey, and Greece, as well as materials from the Commercial Office of the Russian mission in Constantinople, which kept meticulous records of all commercial ships passing through the Straits. The author draws upon hitherto unexplored records from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire in order to expand the framework of established perceptions concerning the inception of South Russian maritime trade and the initial endeavours of the merchants of Odessa and Taganrog.
Architectonics of Ubiquitin Chains
Authors: Ivanova K. A. , Belogurov A. A. , Kudriaeva A. A.
Published: October 2024

Ubiquitination, one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins, has a significant impact on its functions, such as stability, activity and cellular localization. Disorders in the processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination are associated with various oncological and neurodegenerative diseases. The complexity of ubiquitin signaling – monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination with different lengths and types of interconnections between ubiquitins – determines their versatility and ability to regulate hundreds of different cellular processes. Advanced biochemical, mass spectrometric and computational methods are required for in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of assembly and disassembly, detection of ubiquitin chains and their signal transmission. Recent scientific achievements make it possible to identify the ubiquitination of proteins and the structure of ubiquitin chains, however, there are still a considerable number of unresolved issues in this area. Current review claims for a detailed analysis of the current understanding of the architectonics of the ubiquitin chains.
Modern Methods of Fluorescence Nanoscopy in Biology
Authors: Solovyeva D. O. , Altunina A. V. , Tretyak M. V. , Mochalov K. E. , Oleinikov V. A.
Published: October 2024

Optical microscopy has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to the breaking of the diffraction limit of optical resolution and the development of high-resolution imaging techniques, which are collectively known as fluorescence nanoscopy. These techniques allow researchers to observe biological structures and processes at a nanoscale level of detail, revealing previously hidden features and aiding in answering fundamental biological questions. Among the advanced methods of fluorescent nanoscopy are: STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy), STORM (STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy), PALM (Photo-activated Localization Microscopy), TIRF (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence), SIM (Structured Illumination Microscopy), MINFLUX (Minimal Photon Fluxes), PAINT (Points Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography) и RESOLFT (REversible Saturable Optical Fluorescence Transitions) and others. In addition, most of these methods make it possible to obtain volumetric (3D) images of the objects under study. In this review, we will look at the principles of these methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and their application in biological researches.
Photocleavable Guide RNA for Photocontrolable CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Akhmetova E. A. , Vokhtancev I. P. , Meschaninova M. I. , Vorobyeva M. A. , Zharvov D. O. , Novopashina D. S.
Published: October 2024

The development of gene editing systems on the base of CRISPR/Cas having higher efficacy, specificity, and possibility of their activity regulation by light irradiation is actually problem. Modification of CRISPR/Cas components, in particular guide RNA, by introduction of photocleavable linkers is the prospective approach for the solution of this problem. We developed the approach for the synthesis of photocleavable guide sgRNA for the CRISPR/Cas9 system containing the linkers on the base of 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,2-ethanediol. Such photomodified guide RNAs degrade upon UV-irradiation and CRISPR/Cas9 system is inactivated. We obtained three variants of photomodified sgRNA with different photolinker positions. It was demonstrated that sgRNA variant with photolinker introduced in the Cas9 protein binding and hairpins formation region is able to effectively guide Cas9 nuclease for DNA-target cleavage before UV-irradiation and lose its activity after irradiation. The conditions of controllable 40%-cleavage of model DNA-target were chosen. Developed approach provide specific inactivation of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in specific time moment in definite place. Photoregulation of gene editing system permits not only reduce the undesirable off-target effects, but also becomes the basis of genetic disease therapy.
Characteristics of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Vacuolar Membrane Lipids Under the Conditions of Stress Induced by Copper Ions
Authors: Kapustina I. S. , Gurina V. V. , Ozolina N. V. , Spiridonova E. V.
Published: October 2024

The effect of different concentrations of copper ions (100 and 500 µM) on the fatty acid composition of the vacuolar membrane lipids of beet root tissues (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied. Exposure to 100 μM copper led to an increase in the content of FAs by 57 μg/mg of total lipids as compared to the control. Stearoyl desaturase (SDR) activity decreased from 0.87 in the control to 0.77 at 100 μM copper. Exposure to 500 μM copper caused an increase in the SDR activity up to 0.93, but the proportion of FAs decreased by 50 μg/mg of total lipids compared with 100 μM copper. In addition, there was an increase in the saturation of tonoplast lipids to 44 and 40% at 100 and 500 μM Cu²⁺, respectively. The results suggest that FAs of tonoplast lipids are involved in the stress response mechanisms induced by excessive Cu²⁺ concentrations.
The Riis Complexity Gap for QBF Resolution
Authors: Beyersdorff Olaf , Clymo Judith , Dantchev Stefan , Martin Barnaby
Published: October 2024

We give an analogue of the Riis Complexity Gap Theorem in Resolution for Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBFs). Every first-order sentence ϕ without finite models gives rise to a sequence of QBFs whose minimal refutations in tree-like QBF Resolution systems are either of polynomial size (if ϕ has no models) or at least exponential in size (if ϕ has some infinite model). However, we show that this gap theorem is sensitive to the translation and different translations are needed for different QBF resolution systems. For tree-like Q-Resolution, the translation to QBF must be given additional structure in order for the polynomial upper bound to hold. This extra structure is not needed in the system tree-like ∀Exp+Res, where we see the complexity gap on a natural translation to QBF.
Acute respiratory viral infections: focus on severity. A brief overview
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaplatnikov A.L. , Geppe N.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Blokhin B.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Children's Medical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondyurina E.G. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

This concise examination of international and domestic research on the impact of respiratory viruses and age-specific characteristics of the immune response in young children on the severity of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) is designed to highlight the importance of timely and effective therapy for these diseases. When selecting therapy for ARVIs in children, particularly those of a younger age, it is advisable to adopt a balanced approach that ensures adequate antiviral protection and rapid elimination of the virus, while also considering the necessity for effective and safe therapy to prevent an inadequate immune response. Furthermore, the review addresses the findings on a representative of the group of "Biological medicines produced using gradual processing technology" (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XV ed.), namely the domestic antiviral drug Anaferon® for children in drops for oral administration. The drug has been demonstrated to have antiviral activity, to provide a significant effect on reducing the duration of fever, and the severity of the disease course, and to have the favorable safety profile. Additionally, it is administered in a convenient, physiological manner, allowing for its wide application in the treatment of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract in children from 1 month to nearly 4 years (3 years, 11 months, and 29 days inclusive). KEYWORDS: ARVI, acute respiratory viral infection, acute respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract, common cold, severity of course, treatment. FOR CITATION: Zaplatnikov A.L., Geppe N.A., Blokhin B.M., Kondyurina E.G. Acute respiratory viral infections: focus on severity. A brief overview. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(3):270–275 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-3-11.
Common helminthiases in pediatric practice
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Belmer S.V.
Published: October 2024

Enterobiasis and ascariasis are the most prevalent helminthic diseases encountered in pediatric practice within the Russian Federation. Both diseases are caused by roundworms, namely pinworms and ascarids, respectively. Pinworm parasites in the intestines of a child. Female pin-worms emerge from the anus and deposit eggs in the perianal folds, which is accompanied by severe pruritus, the primary symptom of this disease. Reinfection may result from scratching the perianal region and subsequent ingestion of eggs. The treatment of enterobiasis commences with the implementation of a patient hygiene regimen to prevent reinfection. Pharmacological treatment entails the administration of albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel. Ascaridosis is a geohelminth disease. In the absence of adherence to established hygiene protocols, ascarid eggs may gain access to the body from the external environment. Ascarid larvae from the intestines may gain access to the lungs via the bloodstream, resulting in the development of respiratory symptoms. Adult worms reside in the intestines and cause abdominal discomfort. Albendazole is an efficacious and safe medication for the treatment of ascaridosis in children. It is of the utmost importance to diagnose helminth infections at an early stage and to implement preventative measures. The most effective method of prevention is adherence to personal hygiene practices. These factors are of the utmost importance in further reducing the incidence of helminth infections. KEYWORDS: enterobiasis, pinworms, ascaridosis, ascarids, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention, albendazole. FOR CITATION: Belmer S.V. Common helminthiases in pediatric practice. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(3):281–285 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-3-13.
Vitamin D and ovarian reserve in women with endometriosis who experienced novel coronavirus infection
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalimatova D.M. , Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Il'ina I.Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Aim: to study the effect of vitamin D on ovarian reserve in women with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Patients and Methods: 137 women aged 25–35 years with infertility associated with lack of ovulation (ICD: N97.0) presenting as hypergonadotropic, hypoestrogenic anovulation were evaluated and treated. Of this sample, 67 women had laboratory-confirmed SARS- CoV-2 infection and 70 women had no history of infection. All women in the sample had serum vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The women were divided into 2 groups; each group was divided into 2 subgroups. Group 1 (n=67) included women with a history of COVID-19. Group 2 (n=70) included women without a history of COVID-19. In addition to standard infertility treatment, 35 and 34 women in groups 1 and 2, respectively, received vitamin D supplementation (Fortedetrim), the dosage of which was determined according to the manufacturer's instructions based on the severity of vitamin D insufficiency (these women were included in treatment sub-groups 1A and 2A). Results: women who experienced COVID-19 had higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and lower plasma estradiol concentrations than uninfected women. In these women, ultrasound also showed a decrease in the number of follicles per slice and in ovarian volume. Vitamin D improved reproductive function in women with a history of COVID-19 by decreasing FSH levels, increasing estradiol levels, and increasing antral follicle count and ovarian volume. No treatment-emergent adverse events, including clinically significant abnormalities in blood and urine tests, were reported. Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation in women of reproductive age with a history of COVID-19 and reduced ovarian reserve is a clinically effective and safe tool for the management of reproductive disorders. KEYWORDS: infertility, ovarian reserve, COVID-19, vitamin D, antral follicles, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol. FOR CITATION: Kalimatova D.M., Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Il'ina I.Yu. Vitamin D and ovarian reserve in women with endometriosis who experienced novel coronavirus infection. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(3):199–204 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-3-2.
Masks of polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of inositols
Authors:   LLC ", Dub N.V. ,   Dr. Alexeeva Clinic",   , Korolev, Russian Federation, Kruchinina E.V. ,   LLC "Dr. Alexeeva Clinic", Korolev, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Aim: to evaluate the effect of the complex of myo-inositol and D-chiroinositol (MI/DCI) 40:1 in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on endocrine and metabolic parameters, body weight, menstrual cycle duration, and pregnancy rate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients and Methods: 50 women aged 18–35 years who were planning to become pregnant were studied. Group 1 included 30 women who received MI/DCI 40:1 and ALA, folic acid, vitamin D3, and manganese (Diferton supplement) 1 tablet twice daily for 180 days. Group 2 (controls) included 20 women who also received the preconception nutrient complex (docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D3, folic acid, vitamin E, potassium iodide) for 180 days. All women signed a voluntary informed consent prior to enrollment. Hormonal status, fasting glucose, HOMA- IR, insulin, lipid profile, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, menstrual cycle duration at baseline, after 90 and 180 days, and pregnancy rate in both groups were evaluated. Results: in group 1, Diferton contributed to a significant decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and an increase in high- density lipoprotein levels. In group 2, changes in these parameters were also observed, but they were not significant. A decrease in fasting plasma glucose was also observed in group 1 (p<0.01), indicating a significant effect of the studied dietary supplement on carbohydrate metabolism. Women in group 1 lost 3±1.19 kg of body weight in 6 months and waist circumference decreased by an average of 3.1±1.5 cm. Meanwhile, women in group 2 did not lose weight and waist circumference changed insignificantly. In group 1, the menstrual cycle duration decreased to 40±1.9 days, while in group 2, the cycle duration decreased by an average of 4 days. Pregnancy occurred in 6 women in group 1 and in 1 woman in group 2. Conclusion: Diferton improved not only hormonal and metabolic parameters but also ovarian dysfunction in women with PCOS. It is reasonable to use it for pregravidaral preparation in women with PCOS. Significant decrease in BMI, body weight and waist circumference in group 1 during the treatment is an additional marker of the positive effect of the dietary supplement Diferton on the somatic status of women with metabolic disorders. KEYWORDS: polycystic ovary syndrome, complex of myo-inositol and D-chiroinositol, alphalipoic acid, metabolic disorders, infertility. FOR CITATION: Dub N.V., Kruchinina E.V. Masks of polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of inositols. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(3):205–213 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2024-7-3-8.
Antimicrobial substances in wound treatment
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Michał Krzysztof , Nachajski Michał Jakub , Kołodziejska Justyna
Published: October 2024

Wprowadzenie
Europejskie i polskie zespoły ekspertów w tym Polskie Towarzystwo Leczenia Ran zwracają uwagę na konieczność zaniechania miejscowego stosowania antybiotyków i racjonalne stosowanie substancji przeciwdrobnoustrojowych. Ponadto rekomenduje szczegółowe wytyczne postępowania w przypadku ran niezagrożonych infekcją, ran zagrożonych infekcją i ran zakażonych.
Cel
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnych rekomendacji dotyczących postępowania w antyseptyce ran oraz przegląd stosowanych substancji antyseptycznych. Powyższe może być przydatne w codziennej pracy farmaceuty, gdyż ułatwi podjęcie właściwej decyzji w sprawie wyboru odpowiedniego dla pacjenta produktu do leczenia ran.
Metodyka
Dane literaturowe pozyskano w efekcie przeszukiwania baz PubMed oraz Science Direct posługując się następującymi słowami kluczowymi: „antiseptic”, „wound infection”, „wound healing” „antibiotic”, „lawaseptic”, „octenidine”, „polyhexamethylene biguanide”, „povidone iodine”, „ hypochlorites”, „silver”.
Wyniki i dyskusja
Do antyseptyków zalicza się produkty lecznicze, które niszczą drobnoustroje i hamują ich wzrost oraz są stosowane miejscowo na żywe tkanki. Mogą być aplikowane na błony śluzowe oraz na nieuszkodzoną skórę lub na uszkodzone tkanki, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ran i oparzeń. Celem stosowania antyseptyków jest całkowite usunięcie drobnoustrojów z tkanki, ograniczenie infekcji oraz zapobieganie zakażeniom lub ich przenoszeniu. Rekomendowanymi substancjami aktywnymi w produktach farmaceutycznych są: oktenidyna (dichlorek oktenidyny, OCT), poliheksanidyna (poliheksametylen biguanidu, PHMB), jodopowidon (povidon jodu, PVP-I), podchloryny, związki srebra. Nie można pominąć znaczenia procesu oczyszczania i płukania rany z udziałem lawaseptyków. Są to produkty wytworzone na bazie związków powierzchniowo czynnych, takich jak betaina, poloksamer, etyloheksylogliceryna, które obniżają napięcie powierzchniowe na granicy faz płynu oczyszczającego oraz powierzchni rany. Przyczynia się to do dezorganizacji struktury biofilmu bakteryjnego.
Wnioski
Wybór preparatu antyseptycznego powinien być podyktowany oprócz aspektów związanych z samą raną (rodzaj rany i jej stan kliniczny), spektrum docelowych drobnoustrojów i profilem skutków ubocznych produktu. Nie istnieje idealny środek antyseptyczny. W konkretnym przypadku preferowane są określone antyseptyki, np. w leczeniu owrzodzeń- lawaseptyki, w leczeniu ran głębokich drążących- podchloryny, w terapii otarć i zadrapań- oktenidyna.