bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-Step Frailty Assessment Strategy in Older Patients With Solid Tumors: A Decision Curve Analysis
Authors: González Serrano Adolfo , Laurent Marie , Barnay Thomas , Martínez-Tapia Claudia , Audureau Etienne , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Aparicio Thomas , Rollot-Trad Florence , Soubeyran Pierre , Bellera Carine , Caillet Philippe , Paillaud Elena , Canouï-Poitrine Florence
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

The intended clinical value of frailty screening is to identify unfit patients needing geriatric assessment (GA) and to prevent unnecessary GA in fit patients. These hypotheses rely on the sensitivity and specificity of screening tests, but they have not been verified.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of outpatients age ≥ 70 years with prostate, breast, colorectal, or lung cancer included in the ELCAPA cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02884375 ) between February 2007 and December 2019. The diagnostic accuracy of the G8 Geriatric Screening Tool (G8) and modified G8 scores for identifying unfit patients was determined on the basis of GA results. We used decision curve analysis to calculate the benefit of frailty screening for detecting unfit patients and avoiding unnecessary GA in fit patients across different threshold probabilities.

RESULTS

We included 1,648 patients (median age, 81 years), and 1,428 (87%) were unfit. The sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 85% (95% CI, 84 to 87) and 59% (95% CI, 57 to 61) for G8, and 86% (95% CI, 84 to 87) and 60% (95% CI, 58 to 63) for the modified G8 score. For decision curve analysis, the net benefit (NB) for identifying unfit patients were 0.72 for G8, 0.72 for the modified G8, and 0.82 for GA at a threshold probability of 0.25. At a threshold probability of 0.33, the NBs were 0.71, 0.72, and 0.80, respectively. At a threshold probability of 0.5, the NBs were 0.68, 0.69, and 0.73, respectively. No screening tool reduced unnecessary GA in fit patients at predefined threshold probabilities.

CONCLUSION

Although frailty screening tests showed good diagnostic accuracy, screening showed no clinical benefits over the GA-for-all strategy. NB approaches, in addition to diagnostic accuracy, are necessary to assess the clinical value of tests.
Adaptation of Remote Symptom Monitoring Using Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes for Implementation in Real-World Settings
Authors: Rocque Gabrielle B. , Dent D’Ambra N. , Ingram Stacey A. , Caston Nicole E. , Thigpen Haley B. , Lalor Fallon R. , Jamy Omer H. , Giri Smith , Azuero Andres , Young Pierce Jennifer , McGowen Chelsea L. , Daniel Casey L. , Andrews Courtney J. , Huang Chao-Hui Sylvia , Dionne-Odom J. Nicholas , Weiner Bryan J. , Howell Doris , Jackson Bradford E. , Basch Ethan M. , Stover Angela M.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE:

Despite evidence of clinical benefits, widespread implementation of remote symptom monitoring has been limited. We describe a process of adapting a remote symptom monitoring intervention developed in a research setting to a real-world clinical setting at two cancer centers.

METHODS:

This formative evaluation assessed core components and adaptations to improve acceptability and fit of remote symptom monitoring using Stirman's Framework for Modifications and Adaptations. Implementation outcomes were evaluated in pilot studies at the two cancer centers testing technology (phase I) and workflow (phase II and III) using electronic health data; qualitative evaluation with semistructured interviews of clinical team members; and capture of field notes from clinical teams and administrators regarding barriers and recommended adaptations for future implementation.

RESULTS:

Core components of remote symptom monitoring included electronic delivery of surveys with actionable symptoms, patient education on the intervention, a system to monitor survey compliance in real time, the capacity to generate alerts, training nurses to manage alerts, and identification of personnel responsible for managing symptoms. In the pilot studies, while most patients completed > 50% of expected surveys, adaptations were identified to address barriers related to workflow challenges, patient and clinician access to technology, digital health literacy, survey fatigue, alert fatigue, and data visibility.

CONCLUSION:

Using an implementation science approach, we facilitated adaptation of remote symptom monitoring interventions from the research setting to clinical practice and identified key areas to promote effective uptake and sustainability.
Anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves symplastic isolation and apoplastic gating of the tapetum-middle layer interface
Authors: Truskina Jekaterina , Boeuf Sophy , Renard Joan , Andersen Tonni Grube , Geldner Niko , Ingram Gwyneth
Published: October 2022

During flowering plant reproduction, anthers produce pollen grains, the development of which is supported by the tapetum, a nourishing maternal tissue that also contributes non-cell-autonomously to the pollen wall, the resistant external layer on the pollen surface. How the anther restricts movement of the tapetum-derived pollen wall components, while allowing metabolites such as sugars and amino acids to reach the developing pollen, remains unknown. Here, we show experimentally that in arabidopsis thaliana the tapetum and developing pollen are symplastically isolated from each other, and from other sporophytic tissues, from meiosis onwards. We show that the peritapetal strip, an apoplastic structure, separates the tapetum and the pollen grains from other anther cell layers and can prevent the apoplastic diffusion of fluorescent proteins, again from meiosis onwards. The formation and selective barrier functions of the peritapetal strip require two NADPH oxidases, RBOHE and RBOHC, which play a key role in pollen formation. Our results suggest that, together with symplastic isolation, gating of the apoplast around the tapetum may help generate metabolically distinct anther compartments.
Underwater hearing in sea ducks with applications for reducing gillnet bycatch through acoustic deterrence
Authors: McGrew Kathleen A. , Crowell Sarah E. , Fiely Jonathan L. , Berlin Alicia M. , Olsen Glenn H. , James Jennifer , Hopkins Heather , Williams Christopher K.
Published: October 2022

As diving foragers, sea ducks are vulnerable to underwater anthropogenic activity, including ships, underwater construction, seismic surveys and gillnet fisheries. Bycatch in gillnets is a contributing source of mortality for sea ducks, killing hundreds of thousands of individuals annually. We researched underwater hearing in sea duck species to increase knowledge of underwater avian acoustic sensitivity and to assist with possible development of gillnet bycatch mitigation strategies that include auditory deterrent devices. We used both psychoacoustic and electrophysiological techniques to investigate underwater duck hearing in several species including the long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) and common eider (Somateria mollissima). Psychoacoustic results demonstrated that all species tested share a common range of maximum auditory sensitivity of 1.0–3.0 kHz, with the long-tailed ducks and common eiders at the high end of that range (2.96 kHz), and surf scoters at the low end (1.0 kHz). In addition, our electrophysiological results from 4 surf scoters and 2 long-tailed ducks, while only tested at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz, generally agree with the audiogram shape from our psychoacoustic testing. The results from this study are applicable to the development of effective acoustic deterrent devices or pingers in the 2–3 kHz range to deter sea ducks from anthropogenic threats.
Thermal sensitivities of respiration and protein synthesis differ among larval families of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Authors: DellaTorre Melissa B. , Pan Francis T. C. , Griffith Andrew W. , Li Ning , Manahan Donal T.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the mechanisms of biological responses to environmental change is a central theme in comparative and evolutionary physiology. Here, we analyzed variation in physiological responses to temperature, using 21 full-sibling larval families of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Pedigrees were confirmed with genetic markers for adult broodstock obtained from our breeding program. From these 21 larval families, 41 determinations of thermal sensitivity (Q10 values) were assayed for larvae of different sizes. For respiration, thermal sensitivity was consistent within a larval family during growth, but showed significant differences among families. Different Q10 values were evident among 21 larval families, with family accounting for 87% of variation. Specifically, four larval families maintained an increased thermal sensitivity for respiration (Q10 of 3). This physiology would confer resilience to rising temperature by matching the increased energy demand of protein synthesis (Q10 of 3 previously reported). For protein synthesis, differences in Q10 values were also observed. Notably, a family was identified that had a decreased thermal sensitivity for protein synthesis (Q10 of 1.7 cf. Q10 of 3 for other families), conferring an optimal energy allocation with rising temperature. Different thermal sensitivities across families for respiration (energy supply) and protein synthesis (energy demand) were integrated into models of energy allocation at the whole-organism level. The outcome of these analyses provides insights into the physiological bases of optimal energy allocation with rising temperature. These transgenerational (egg-to-egg) experiments highlight approaches to dissect components of phenotypic variance to address long-standing questions of genetic adaptation and physiological resilience to environmental change.
Gerrymandering in State Legislatures: Frictions from Axiomatic Bargaining
Authors: Sabouni Hisam , Shelton Cameron A.
Published: October 2022

Theories of partisan redistricting postulate unitary actors maximizing their party’s expected seat share. Yet, the partition of a fixed supply of friendly voters necessarily implies a tragedy of the commons. We recast partisan redistricting as a bargaining game among the sitting representatives of the party controlling the map. The status quo is the threat point, explaining why changes are frequently minor. This bargaining framework implies that highly competitive districts will receive more help from redistricting if they are already represented by the party in charge. Employing a regression discontinuity design with precinct-level data, we find support for this prediction. (JEL C78, D72)
Enhancing the Efficacy of Teacher Incentives through Framing: A Field Experiment
Authors: Fryer Roland G. , Levitt Steven D. , List John , Sadoff Sally
Published: October 2022

In a field experiment, we provide financial incentives to teachers framed either as gains, received at the end of the year, or as losses, in which teachers receive up-front bonuses that must be paid back if their students do not improve sufficiently. Pooling two waves of the experiment, loss-framed incentives improve math achievement by an estimated 0.124 standard deviations (σ), with large effects in the first wave and no effects in the second wave. Effects for gain-framed incentives are smaller and not statistically significant, approximately 0.051σ. We find suggestive evidence that the effects on teacher value added persist posttreatment. (JEL C93, I21, I28, J32, J45)
Health Care Rationing in Public Insurance Programs: Evidence from Medicaid
Authors: Layton Timothy J. , Maestas Nicole , Prinz Daniel , Vabson Boris
Published: October 2022

We study two mechanisms used by public health insurance programs for rationing health care: outsourcing to private managed care plans and quantity limits for prescription drugs. Leveraging a natural experiment in Texas’s Medicaid program, we find that the shift to managed care and the relaxation of a strict drug cap increased access to high-value drugs and outpatient services and reduced avoidable hospitalizations. Program costs increased significantly, indicating a trade-off between cost and quality. We provide suggestive evidence attributing the reduction in hospitalizations to the relaxation of the drug cap and much of the spending increase to the shift to managed care. (JEL G22, H75, I13, I18, I38)
Multinationals’ Sales and Profit Shifting in Tax Havens
Authors: Laffitte Sébastien , Toubal Farid
Published: October 2022

We show that US multinationals record sales and the profits from these sales in tax havens while their goods and services are physically sold in other countries. We propose a framework illustrating the strategy of sales shifting. Our results reveal the importance of tax havens, which attract a disproportionate fraction of worldwide sales. Our quantification shows a large contribution of sales shifting to multinationals’ profit shifting, which amounted to $80 billion in 2013. Our findings suggest that international corporate tax rules based on sales may not address profit shifting efficiently if the policy designs are unable to identify sales by destination. (JEL F23, H25, H26, H87, L25)
The Hazards of Unwinding the Prescription Opioid Epidemic: Implications for Child Maltreatment
Authors: Evans Mary F. , Harris Matthew C. , Kessler Lawrence M.
Published: October 2022

Child maltreatment has significant and long-lasting consequences. We examine how two interventions designed to curtail prescription opioid misuse, the reformulation of OxyContin and the implementation of must-access prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), affected child maltreatment. Our results suggest counties with greater initial rates of prescription opioid usage experienced relatively larger increases in child physical abuse and neglect after OxyContin’s reformulation. We also find some evidence of increases in alleged physical abuse and neglect due to must-access PDMP implementation. Our results uncover unintended consequences for children of reducing the supply of an addictive good without adequate support for dependent users. (JEL I12, I18, J13, K32, K42, L65)
New mandatory training set to transform outcomes for clients with learning disability
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2022

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reports on an initiative centred on ensuring that staff working with this client group are equipped with the requisite knowledge and skills to provide appropriate care
Evaluation of the DAISY (Diseases Attacking the Immune SYstem) Award for recognising excellence in nursing
Authors: Williamson Lauren , Burog Walter , Taylor Rachel M
Published: October 2022

Background:

With increasing demand for nursing services worldwide, the onus is on healthcare systems to implement measures to improve retention. The DAISY Award was designed to celebrate nursing with the suggestion that it may improve staff retention.

Aim:

To describe the experience and impact of winning the DAISY Award.

Method:

Data were collected through virtual semistructured interviews from award winners (n=4), nominees (n=4) and nominators (n=4). An analytical framework was developed to allow the responses of the three groups to be compared.

Findings:

Four major themes emerged from the responses: awareness of the DAISY Award; the nomination process, the impact on retention and winner benefits.

Conclusion:

Being nominated or winning a DAISY Award had a positive impact on nurses' feelings towards their role. This was a small evaluation in a single organisation, so the value of adopting the DAISY Award for recognising nurses' contributions to patient care merits further investigation, especially with regards to its effects on retention.
The renal system and associated disorders
Authors: Mitchell Aby , Strafford Melaine , Tavares Sara
Published: October 2022

Disorders of the renal system, including the kidneys and urinary tract, are increasingly recognised as a public health concern, accounting for 830 000 deaths worldwide. Patients often have comorbidities, with many presenting with other diseases. Health professionals require good knowledge of the renal system and associated disorders to create holistic care plans to meet individual patients' needs. This article covers the pathophysiology of some of the most common problems, patient assessment and investigations, and considerations in helping patients with self-management.
A new micropterous species of the Assassin Bug genus Sastrapada Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae) from Japan
Authors: OKUDA KYOSUKE
Published: October 2022

Sastrapada lativentralis sp. nov. is described based on specimens that were previously collected from Ryukyus, Japan, and during field surveys. Additional specimens were also obtained and photographed alive during a recent field survey in Ryukyus. This species is characterized by a distinctively broad abdomen and very shortened hemelytra. It can be distinguished from other species of Sastrapada Amyot & Serville, 1843, especially the related species S. brevicornis Breddin, 1900, S. brevipennis China, 1940, and S. microptera Miller, 1940, by the broader abdomen and the two-segmented protarsi. This new species is only known in the micropterous form at this time.
PROGRAMA DE LICENCIATURAS INTERNACIONAIS (PLI) – ESTUDO DE CASO DA UNIVERSIDADE METODISTA DE SÃO PAULO (UMESP)
Authors: Bom Pessoni Rosemeire Aparecida , Furlin Marcelo , Barroso de Azevedo Adriana
Published: October 2022

O artigo analisa o Programa de Licenciaturas Internacionais (PLI) - Edições 2010 e 2011, que contou com o fomento da CAPES e participação dos bolsistas da UMESP. O PLI é um programa de formação inicial docente. Objetivou-se, por meio da análise de conteúdo, identificar sob que aspectos a participação no PLI contribuiu para melhorar a qualificação dos licenciandos e a aumentar a valorização da carreira docente. Foram acompanhadas as diferentes fases do programa, desde sua concepção, até o retorno dos bolsistas. Entre os resultados obtidos, verificou-se valorização da área. Os bolsistas foram unânimes em apontar o crescimento e a maturidade obtidos com a vivência em outro país e com o programa de mobilidade. O mesmo não se verificou com relação à formação acadêmica. Não se percebeu uma diferença significativa entre os conteúdos abordados nas disciplinas cursadas em Portugal e no Brasil.
UMA ESCOLA HOSPITALEIRA
Authors: Mantoan Maria Teresa Egler
Published: October 2022

É possível conceber a educação de uma outra maneira, que não seja um processo de desenvolvimento e formação para alguns alunos – os que cabem no modelo estabelecido pela escola? Podemos reconstruir a escola, com base na acolhida incondicional a todos os alunos? Inspirado na recriação dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, firmados nas concepções de: hospitalidade em Jacques Derrida; de diferença em si em Gilles Deleuze; e emancipação intelectual, segundo Jacques Rancière, este texto pretende dar uma resposta afirmativa a essa questão.
Automating social media content moderation: implications for governance and labour discretion
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Greb Maximilian
Published: October 2022

Content moderation is key to platform operations. Given the largely outsourced character of content moderation work and the dynamic character of social media platforms, technology firms have to address the accompanying high degrees of uncertainty and labour indeterminacy. Central to their managerial strategies is the use of automated technology that allows them to organise work by incorporating the social media user activities within the production processes, and control workers for ensuring the accuracy of content moderation decisions. The labour process analysis is informed by two workshops with ten participants at a Berlin-based IT-services firm providing content moderation services to a lead firm based in the USA. The research design combines together the design thinking method and the focus group interview method to examine the worker–machine interaction. The research findings indicate that technical control results in continuous standardising of content moderation work through routinisation of tasks and codification of time. Its combination with bureaucratic control through the supply-side managerial functions aims to ensure the quality service delivery and points to the continued significance of human supervision. Correspondingly, there are two main contributions of our study: first, regarding the governance in content moderation value chains and second, regarding the worker experiences of technical-driven control. On account of the limited resistance observed in the labour process, we conclude that instead of seeing it as the totalisation of technical control, our findings point towards the structural conditions in Germany that restrict migrant workers’ agency.
Public Stigmatization of People With Intellectual Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dekker Maria R. , Hendriks Alexander H. C. , Frielink Noud , Embregts Petri J. C. M.
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine the level of discrimination against people with intellectual disability during COVID-19, and assessed stereotypes, levels of familiarity with people with intellectual disability, and personal experiences with COVID-19 as potential correlates. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a large sample from the Dutch population (n = 1,797). Salient stereotype factors of people with intellectual disability were “friendly” and “in need of help,” but not “give nuisance.” Those respondents who were unfamiliar with people with intellectual disability in real life demonstrated higher levels of discrimination, perceiving them as more of a nuisance and as being less in need of help, in comparison to those who were more familiar. People with intellectual disability were judged by an ambivalent set of stereotypes during the COVID-19 pandemic that were in line with pre-COVID-19 findings and as such seemed to be fairly persistent and robust. There is a pressing need to both raise awareness of stereotypes towards and discrimination against people with intellectual disability via advocacy and education, and to facilitate positive encounters.
Reconfigurable hybrid dielectric antenna with less graphene surface area
Authors: Xie Bowen , Li Dezhi , Jiao Rongzhen
Published: October 2022

A hybrid dielectric reconfigurable graphene
antenna is designed by combining the Yagi antenna and absorption
characteristics of graphene. Graphene is selectively covered in the
Yagi antenna directors to obtain a change of the beam from
unidirectional to bidirectional by changing the graphene potential. By
reducing the area covered by graphene, we obtain a radiation
efficiency of more than 95 percent. After adding a gold bowtie antenna
at 1550 nm, the antenna shows a larger directivity and a
smaller beam width, as well as a maximum directivity of 7.2 dBi.
Furthermore, the surface area of graphene has been reduced three
times, while the directivity improves from 4.7 to 5.6 dBi after
comparing the effect of different surface distributions, which will be
helpful to reduce the difficulty of graphene antenna manufacturing and
improve the performance of the antenna beam.
Self-supervised speckle noise reduction of optical coherence tomography without clean data
Authors: Li Yangxi , Fan Yingwei , Liao Hongen
Published: October 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used in clinical diagnosis due to its non-invasive, real-time, and high-resolution characteristics. However, the inherent speckle noise seriously degrades the image quality, which might damage the fine structures in OCT, thus affecting the diagnosis results. In recent years, supervised deep learning-based denoising methods have shown excellent denoising ability. To train a deep denoiser, a large number of paired noisy-clean images are required, which is difficult to achieve in clinical practice, since acquiring a speckle-free OCT image requires dozens of repeated scans and image registration. In this research, we propose a self-supervised strategy that helps build a despeckling model by training it to map neighboring pixels in a single noisy OCT image. Adjacent pixel patches are randomly selected from the original OCT image to generate two similar undersampled images, which are respectively used as the input and target images for training a deep neural network. To ensure both the despeckling and the structure-preserving effects, a multi-scale pixel patch sampler and corresponding loss functions are adopted in our practice. Through quantitative evaluation and qualitative visual comparison, we found that the proposed method performs better than state-of-the-art methods regarding despeckling effects and structure preservation. Besides, the proposed method is much easier to train and deploy without the need for clean OCT images, which has great significance in clinical practice.
Towards explainable artificial intelligence in optical networks: the use case of lightpath QoT estimation
Authors: Ayoub Omran , Troia Sebastian , Andreoletti Davide , Bianco Andrea , Tornatore Massimo , Giordano Silvia , Rottondi Cristina
Published: October 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) continue to demonstrate substantial capabilities in solving a wide range of optical-network-related tasks such as fault management, resource allocation, and lightpath quality of transmission (QoT) estimation. However, the focus of the research community has been centered on ML models’ predictive capabilities, neglecting aspects related to models’ understanding, i.e., to interpret how the model reasons and makes its predictions. This lack of transparency hinders the understanding of a model’s behavior and prevents operators from judging, and hence trusting, the model’s decisions. To mitigate the lack of transparency and trust in ML, explainable AI (XAI) frameworks can be leveraged to explain how a model correlates input features to its outputs. In this paper, we focus on the application of XAI to lightpath QoT estimation. In particular, we exploit Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) as the XAI framework. Before presenting our analysis, we provide a brief overview of XAI and SHAP, then discuss the benefits of the application of XAI in networking and survey studies that apply XAI to networking tasks. Then, we model the lightpath QoT estimation problem as a supervised binary classification task to predict whether the value of the bit error rate associated with a lightpath is below or above a reference acceptability threshold and train an ML extreme gradient boosting model as the classifier. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply SHAP to extract insights about the model and to inspect misclassifications.
Design and evaluation of thermally conductive sheet structure to enhance the thermal stability of transparent OLED displays
Authors: Lee Se-Min , Jung Ju-Won , Kim Young-Joo
Published: October 2022

In transparent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, both
optical and thermal properties strongly affect stable performance in
various environmental conditions. Though many previous studies have
focused on improving the thermal conductivity of the transparent
material itself, the current value of 2.5 W/mK [J. Mater. Chem. C
4, 9697 (2016)JMCCCX2050-753410.1039/C6TC03318K] may
not be enough to ensure reliable performance for transparent OLED
displays. In this study, we aim to introduce a novel sheet structure
based on line patterned thermally conductive material embedded in a
transparent polymer sheet. After designing and fabricating the
optimized sheet structure, its optical and thermal characteristics
were evaluated experimentally. Finally, the thermal conductivity of
the developed transparent sheet was measured to be 4.35 W/mK in
the louver direction with a transmittance of 75%, improved color
uniformity and reduced temperature deviation in the transparent OLED
displays.
Spinning disk interferometric scattering confocal microscopy captures millisecond timescale dynamics of living cells
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Teng , Wu Tsai-Ying , Wu Bo-Kuan , Chu Shi-Wei , Hsieh Chia-Lung
Published: October 2022

Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is a highly sensitive imaging technique that uses common-path interferometry to detect the linear scattering fields associated with samples. However, when measuring a complex sample, such as a biological cell, the superposition of the scattering signals from various sources, particularly those along the optical axis of the microscope objective, considerably complicates the data interpretation. Herein, we demonstrate high-speed, wide-field iSCAT microscopy in conjunction with confocal optical sectioning. Utilizing the multibeam scanning strategy of spinning disk confocal microscopy, our iSCAT confocal microscope acquires images at a rate of 1,000 frames per second (fps). The configurations of the spinning disk and the background correction procedures are described. The iSCAT confocal microscope is highly sensitive—individual 10 nm gold nanoparticles are successfully detected. Using high-speed iSCAT confocal imaging, we captured the rapid movements of single nanoparticles on the model membrane and single native vesicles in the living cells. Label-free iSCAT confocal imaging enables the detailed visualization of nanoscopic cell dynamics in their most native forms. This holds promise to unveil cell activities that are previously undescribed by fluorescence-based microscopy.
Molecular orientation echoes via concerted terahertz and near-IR excitations
Authors: Damari Ran , Beer Amit , Rosenberg Dina , Fleischer Sharly
Published: October 2022

A new and efficient method for orientation echo spectroscopy is presented and realized experimentally. The excitation scheme utilizes concerted rotational excitations by both ultrashort terahertz and near-IR pulses and its all-optical detection is enabled by the molecular orientation-induced second harmonic method [J. Phys. Chem. A 126, 3732 (2022)10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03237]. This method provides practical means for orientation echo spectroscopy of gas phase molecules and highlights the intriguing underlying physics of coherent rotational dynamics induced by judiciously-orchestrated interactions with both resonant (terahertz) and nonresonant (NIR) fields.
All-polymer monolithic resonant integrated optical gyroscope
Authors: Xue Xiao-Mei , Tang Jie , Zhou Huan-Li , Qin Yan-Yan , Song Yuanjun , Li Ruo-Zhou , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2022

Resonant integrated optical gyroscopes (RIOGs) can integrate discrete optical components as a promising candidate for high-performance micro-optical gyroscopes. However, the current RIOG still consists of discrete elements due to the difficulty and complexity of heterogeneous integration of resonator and modulators. This paper presents on-chip integration of optical functional components including modulator, resonator, beam splitter, and coupler for the organic-polymer-based RIOG. Simple integrated optical processes such as spin coating, lithography, and etching can realize RIOG chips with low cost, size, weight, and power (CSWaP) features. Thereinto, the electro-optic modulator (EOM) fabricated by self-synthesized electro-optic (EO) polymer (side chain bonded polyurethane imide) exhibits less than 2 V half-wave voltage, which is half of the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulator. With respect to the resonator, a quality factor of approximately million was achieved using low-loss fluorinated polymer. In addition, the angular velocity sensing of RIOG was also investigated. By demonstrating the monolithic integration of the resonator and modulators, such an all-polymer RIOG chip prototype builds the technical foundation for the precision fully integrated optical gyroscope.
Super-resolved Raman imaging via galvo-painted structured line illumination
Authors: Hu Chuanzhen , Jiang Ziling , Liu Peng , Yu Yajun , Chu Kaiqin , Smith Zachary J.
Published: October 2022

Traditional line-scan Raman imaging features a rapid imaging speed while preserving complete spectral information, yet has diffraction-limited resolution. Sinusoidally structured line excitation can yield an improvement in the lateral resolution of the Raman image along the line’s direction. However, given the need for the line and spectrometer slit to be aligned, the resolution in the perpendicular direction remains diffraction limited. To overcome this, we present here a galvo-modulated structured line imaging system, where a system of three galvos can arbitrarily orient the structured line on the sample plane, while keeping the beam aligned to the spectrometer slit in the detection plane. Thus, a two-fold isotropic improvement in the lateral resolution fold is possible. We demonstrate the feasibility using mixtures of microspheres as chemical and size standards. The results prove an improvement in the lateral resolution of 1.8-fold (limited by line contrast at higher frequencies), while preserving complete spectral information of the sample.
Enhancement of third harmonic generation induced by surface lattice resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Gour Jeetendra , Beer Sebastian , Alberucci Alessandro , Zeitner Uwe D. , Nolte Stefan
Published: October 2022

We investigate experimentally third harmonic generation (THG) from plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of two-dimensional rectangular lattices of centrosymmetric gold nanobars. By varying the incidence angle and the lattice period, we show how surface lattice resonances (SLRs) at the involved wavelengths are the major contributors in determining the magnitude of the nonlinear effects. A further boost on THG is observed when we excite together more than one SLR, either at the same or at different frequency. When such multiple resonances take place, interesting phenomena are observed, such as maximum THG enhancement for counter-propagating surface waves along the metasurface, and cascading effect emulating a third-order nonlinearity.
Space optical communication system with a sub-second acquisition time
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Li Bin , Zhao Tianyi , Sun Yueling
Published: October 2022

Acquisition is the key technology in space laser communication and the nodus in communication-link establishment. Traditional laser communication demands too long an acquisition time to meet the requirements of a space optical communication network and real-time transmission of big data. One novel laser communication system which fuses a laser communication function with a star-sensitive function to achieve precise autonomous calibration of the open-loop pointing direction of line of sight (LOS) is proposed and developed. Theoretical analysis and field experiments proved that the novel, to the best of our knowledge, laser-communication system can achieve sub-second-level scanless acquisition.
Perturbation approach to improve the angular tolerance of high-Q resonances in metasurfaces
Authors: Arruda Guilherme S. , Conteduca Donato , Barth Isabel , Wang Yue , Krauss Thomas F. , Martins Emiliano R.
Published: October 2022

The interest in high quality factor (high-Q) resonances in metasurfaces has been rekindled with the rise of the bound states in the continuum (BIC) paradigm, which describes resonances with apparently limitlessly high quality-factors (Q-factors). The application of BICs in realistic systems requires the consideration of the angular tolerance of resonances, however, which is an issue that has not yet been addressed. Here, we develop an ab-initio model, based on temporal coupled mode theory, to describe the angular tolerance of distributed resonances in metasurfaces that support both BICs and guided mode resonances (GMRs). We then discuss the idea of a metasurface with a perturbed unit cell, similar to a supercell, as an alternative approach for achieving high-Q resonances and we use the model to compare the two. We find that, while sharing the high-Q advantage of BIC resonances, perturbed structures feature higher angular tolerance due to band planarization. This observation suggests that such structures offer a route toward high-Q resonances that are more suitable for applications.
High sensitivity multitasking non-reciprocity sensor using the photonic spin Hall effect
Authors: Sui Jun-Yang , Liao Si-yuan , Li BingXiang , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: October 2022

A non-reciprocity sensor based on a layered structure with multitasking is proposed, which realizes biological detection and angle sensing. Through an asymmetrical arrangement of different dielectrics, the sensor obtains non-reciprocity on the forward and backward scales, thus achieving multi-scale sensing in different measurement ranges. The structure sets the analysis layer. Injecting the analyte into the analysis layers by locating the peak value of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) displacement, cancer cells can accurately be distinguished from normal cells via refractive index (RI) detection on the forward scale. The measurement range is 1.569∼1.662, and the sensitivity (S) is 2.97 × 10−2 m/RIU. On the backward scale, the sensor is able to detect glucose solution with 0∼400 g/L concentrations (RI = 1.3323∼1.38), with S = 1.16 × 10−3 m/RIU. When the analysis layers are filled with air, high-precision angle sensing can be achieved in the terahertz range by locating the incident angle of the PSHE displacement peak; 30°∼45°, and 50°∼65° are the detection ranges, and the highest S can reach 0.032 THz/°. This sensor contributes to detecting cancer cells and biomedical blood glucose and offers a new way to the angle sensing.
Direct measurement of topological invariants in photonic superlattices
Authors: Xu Ze-Sheng , Gao Jun , Krishna Govind , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val , Elshaari Ali W.
Published: October 2022

Since the discovery of topological insulators, topological phases have generated considerable attention across the physics community. The superlattices in particular offer a rich system with several degrees of freedom to explore a variety of topological characteristics and control the localization of states. Albeit their importance, characterizing topological invariants in superlattices consisting of a multi-band structure is challenging beyond the basic case of two-bands as in the Su–Schreifer–Heeger model. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the direct measurement of the topological character of chiral superlattices with broken inversion symmetry. Using a CMOS-compatible nanophotonic chip, we probe the state evolving in the system along the propagation direction using novel nanoscattering structures. We employ a two-waveguide bulk excitation scheme to the superlattice, enabling the identification of topological zero-energy modes through measuring the beam displacement. Our measurements reveal quantized beam displacement corresponding to 0.088 and −0.245, in the cases of trivial and nontrivial photonic superlattices, respectively, showing good agreement with the theoretical values of 0 and −0.25. Our results provide direct identification of the quantized topological numbers in superlattices using a single-shot approach, paving the way for direct measurements of topological invariants in complex photonic structures using tailored excitations with Wannier functions.
Separability of Human Motor Memories during reaching adaptation with force cues
Authors: Crevecoeur Frédéric , Mathew James , Lefèvre Philippe
Published: October 2022

Judging by the breadth of our motor repertoire during daily activities, it is clear that learning different tasks is a hallmark of the human motor system. However, for reaching adaptation to different force fields, the conditions under which this is possible in laboratory settings have remained a challenging question. Previous work has shown that independent movement representations or goals enabled dual adaptation. Considering the importance of force feedback during limb control, here we hypothesised that independent cues delivered by means of background loads could support simultaneous adaptation to various velocity-dependent force fields, for identical kinematic plan and movement goal. We demonstrate in a series of experiments that indeed healthy adults can adapt to opposite force fields, independently of the direction of the background force cue. However, when the cue and force field were in the same direction but differed by heir magnitude, the formation of different motor representations was still observed but the associated mechanism was subject to increased interference. Finally, we highlight that this paradigm allows dissociating trial-by-trial adaptation from online feedback adaptation, as these two mechanisms are associated with different time scales that can be identified reliably and reproduced in a computational model.
Parameterized syncmer schemes improve long-read mapping
Authors: Dutta Abhinav , Pellow David , Shamir Ron
Published: October 2022

Motivation

Sequencing long reads presents novel challenges to mapping. One such challenge is low sequence similarity between the reads and the reference, due to high sequencing error and mutation rates. This occurs, e.g., in a cancer tumor, or due to differences between strains of viruses or bacteria. A key idea in mapping algorithms is to sketch sequences with their minimizers. Recently, syncmers were introduced as an alternative sketching method that is more robust to mutations and sequencing errors.

Results

We introduce parameterized syncmer schemes (PSS), a generalization of syncmers, and provide a theoretical analysis for multi-parameter schemes. By combining PSS with downsampling or minimizers we can achieve any desired compression and window guarantee. We implemented the use of PSS in the popular minimap2 and Winnowmap2 mappers. In tests on simulated and real long-read data from a variety of genomes, the PSS-based algorithms, with scheme parameters selected on the basis of our theoretical analysis, reduced unmapped reads by 20-60% at high compression while usually using less memory. The advantage was more pronounced at low sequence identity. At sequence identity of 75% and medium compression, PSS-minimap had only 37% as many unmapped reads, and 8% fewer of the reads that did map were incorrectly mapped. Even at lower compression and error rates, PSS-based mapping mapped more reads than the original minimizer-based mappers as well as mappers using the original syncmer schemes. We conclude that using PSS can improve mapping of long reads in a wide range of settings.
Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus infection incidence and risks for zoonotic spillover in northern Tanzania
Authors: de Glanville William A. , Nyarobi James M. , Kibona Tito , Halliday Jo E. B. , Thomas Kate M. , Allan Kathryn J. , Johnson Paul C. D. , Davis Alicia , Lankester Felix , Claxton John R. , Rostal Melinda K. , Carter Ryan W. , de Jong Rosanne M. F. , Rubach Matthew P. , Crump John A. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Nyasebwa Obed M. , Swai Emanuel S. , Willett Brian , Cleaveland Sarah
Published: October 2022

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that has caused epidemics involving people and animals across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. A number of studies have found evidence for the circulation of RVFV among livestock between these epidemics but the population-level incidence of infection during this inter-epidemic period (IEP) is rarely reported. General force of infection (FOI) models were applied to age-adjusted cross-sectional serological data to reconstruct the annual FOI and population-level incidence of RVFV infection among cattle, goats, and sheep in northern Tanzania from 2009 through 2015, a period without reported Rift Valley fever (RVF) cases in people or animals. To evaluate the potential for zoonotic RVFV spillover during this period, the relationship between village-level livestock RVFV FOI and human RVFV seropositivity was quantified using multi-level logistic regression. The predicted average annual incidence was 72 (95% Credible Interval [CrI] 63, 81) RVFV infections per 10,000 animals and 96 (95% CrI 81, 113), 79 (95% CrI 62, 98), and 39 (95% CrI 28, 52) per 10,000 cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. There was variation in transmission intensity between study villages, with the highest estimated village-level FOI 2.49% (95% CrI 1.89, 3.23) and the lowest 0.12% (95% CrI 0.02, 0.43). The human RVFV seroprevalence was 8.2% (95% Confidence Interval 6.2, 10.9). Human seropositivity was strongly associated with the village-level FOI in livestock, with the odds of seropositivity in an individual person increasing by around 1.2 times (95% CrI 1.1, 1.3) for each additional annual RVFV seroconversion per 1,000 animals. A history of raw milk consumption was also positively associated with human seropositivity. RVFV has circulated at apparently low levels among livestock in northern Tanzania in the period since the last reported epidemic. Although our data do not allow us to confirm human RVFV infections during the IEP, a strong association between human seropositivity and the FOI in cattle, goats, and sheep supports the hypothesis that RVFV circulation among livestock during the IEP poses a risk for undetected zoonotic spillover in northern Tanzania. We provide further evidence for the likely role of raw milk consumption in RVFV transmission from animals to people.
Influence of trip distance and population density on intra-city mobility patterns in Tokyo during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tsuboi Kazufumi , Fujiwara Naoya , Itoh Ryo
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the influence of infection cases of COVID-19 and two non-compulsory lockdowns on human mobility within the Tokyo metropolitan area. Using the data of hourly staying population in each 500m×500m cell and their city-level residency, we show that long-distance trips or trips to crowded places decrease significantly when infection cases increase. The same result holds for the two lockdowns, although the second lockdown was less effective. Hence, Japanese non-compulsory lockdowns influence mobility in a similar way to the increase in infection cases. This means that they are accepted as alarm triggers for people who are at risk of contracting COVID-19.
Towards public competition in a pluralist polarized country: Professionals’ newsroom discourses on autonomy, public statements and regulation
Authors: García-de-Madariaga Miranda José María , Lamuedra Graván María , Toledano Samuel
Published: October 2022

This study explores the interaction between journalists’ discourses on values and practices and the regulations affecting them in the shape of public statements, which are considered to be an influential variable in journalistic practice. However, the process of producing such statements requires further attention, in particular the role of newsroom discourses. The case of the Spanish public service broadcaster RTVE illustrates this tendency in relation to the regulations governing it and their impact on newsroom routines and news-making. Over the past fifteen years, RTVE has been subject to contradictory reforms, during which the discourses of TVE journalists have taken the shape of public statements issued by several professional associations calling for a reduction in RTVE’s traditional political dependence. Accordingly, the focus is placed here on the evolution of those discourses from 2006 to 2019, as to (1) the way in which they were transformed into public statements in persuasive campaigns with an influence on regulation, particularly as to the election of the executive board and chairperson of RTVE by public competition, and (2) the interaction and influence of core values such as professional independence and diversity on shaping newsroom discourses and public statements.
Rethinking marginality in new queer television
Authors: Brassington Thomas , Ferreday Debra , Girard Danielle
Published: October 2022

Rethinking marginality in new queer television is a self-reflection on how this Special Issue of Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture took form. Throughout this editorial, we examine trends in current queer theory and reflect on the changes occurring in both the depictions of queer representations and the dissemination of television itself. We conclude by offering a survey into the variety of television that is covered by the issue, from Pose and Vida to Killing Eve, Hollywood, Broad City, Star Trek, She-Ra and BoJack Horseman. There is a broad variety of demographics and genre that further demonstrate the importance of this issue.