bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swift Observations of Mrk 421 in Selected Epochs. III. Extreme X-Ray Timing/Spectral Properties and Multiwavelength Lognormality during 2015 December–2018 April
Authors: Kapanadze B. , Gurchumelia A. , Dorner D. , Vercellone S. , Romano P. , Hughes P. , Aller M. , Aller H. , Kharshiladze O.
Published: March 2020

We present the results from the timing and spectral study of Mrk 421 based mainly on the Swift data in the X-ray energy range obtained during the time interval 2015 December–2018 April. The most extreme X-ray flaring activity on long-term, daily, and intraday timescales was observed during the 2 month period that started in 2017 December, when the 0.3–10 keV flux exceeded a level of 5 × 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1, recorded only twice previously. While the TeV-band and X-ray variabilities were mostly correlated, the source often varied in a complex manner in the MeV–GeV and radio–UV energy ranges, indicating that the multifrequency emission of Mrk 421 could not always be generated in a single zone. The longer-term flares at X-rays and γ-rays showed a lognormal character, possibly indicating a variability imprint of the accretion disk onto the jet. A vast majority of the 0.3–10 keV spectra were consistent with the log-parabolic model, showing relatively low spectral curvature and correlations between the different spectral parameters, predicted in the case of the first- and second-order Fermi processes. The position of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution peak showed an extreme variability on diverse timescales between the energies E
p < 0.1 and >15 keV, with 15% of the spectra peaking at the hard X-ray, and was related to the peak height as

with α ∼ 0.6, which is expected for the transition from Kraichnan-type turbulence into the “hard sphere” one. The 0.3–300 GeV spectra showed features of the hadronic contribution, jet–star interaction, and upscatter in the Klein–Nishina regime in different time intervals.
The IAG Solar Flux Atlas: Telluric Correction with a Semiempirical Model
Authors: Baker Ashley D. , Blake Cullen H. , Reiners Ansgar
Published: March 2020

Observations of the Sun as a star have been key to guiding models of stellar atmospheres and additionally provide useful insights on the effects of granulation and stellar activity on radial velocity measurements. Most high-resolution solar atlases contain telluric lines that span the optical and limit the spectral regions useful for analysis. We present here a telluric-corrected solar atlas covering 0.5–1.0 μm derived from solar spectra taken with a Fourier transform spectrograph at the Institut für Astrophysik, Göttingen. This atlas is the highest-resolution spectrum with a wavelength calibration precise to ±10 m s−1 across this 500 nm spectral window. We find that the atlas matches to within 3% of the telluric-corrected Kitt Peak atlas in regions containing telluric absorption weaker than 50% in transmission. The telluric component of the spectral data is fit with a semiempirical model composed of Lorentz profiles initialized to the High-resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database (HITRAN) parameters for each absorption feature. Comparisons between the best-fit telluric parameters describing the Lorentz profile for each absorption feature and the original HITRAN values in general show excellent agreement considering the effects atmospheric pressure and temperature have on our final parameters. However, we identify a small subset of absorption features with larger offsets relative to the cataloged line parameters. We make our final solar atlas available online. We additionally make available the telluric spectra extracted from the data that, given the high resolution of the spectrum, would be useful for studying the time evolution of telluric line shapes and their impact on Doppler measurements.
Bullous Keratopathy Secondary to Anterior Chamber Angle Foreign Body
Authors: Dong Pham Ngoc , Duong Nguyen Thi Nga , Cung Le Xuan , Huong Duong Nguyen Viet , Ngan Nguyen Dinh , Thien Chu Dinh , Quyet Do , Bac Nguyen Duy
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Penetrating ocular trauma with intraocular foreign body is a serious injury often resulting in loss of vision. Anterior chamber foreign bodies account for a considerable portion of all cases of all intraocular foreign bodies (up to 15%); however, they can be missed due to inconspicuous location.
CASE REPORT: We report two cases of retained intraocular foreign bodies in the iridocorneal angle that was missed at the first ophthalmic examination. They were only discovered when complications occurred, such as corneal edema and increased intraocular pressure. In the case whereby the foreign body was taken out early, corneal damages were reversible. However, in the case whereby the foreign body was taken out late, endothelial damage was irreversible and endothelial transplantation was needed.
CONCLUSION: Regarding trauma patients, a careful examination should be performed to discover foreign bodies in the iridocorneal angle. If local peripheral corneal edema occurred, attention should be paid to the trauma history and to timely discovery of the foreign body. This will prevent any irreversible corneal damages.
Troglomorphism in the brittle star Ophionereis commutabilis Bribiesca-Contreras et al., 2019 (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Ophionereididae)
Authors: Márquez-Borrás Francisco , Solís-Marín Francisco A. , Mejía-Ortiz Luis M.
Published: March 2020

Due to their peculiar and sometimes bizarre morphology, cave fauna (across invertebrates and vertebrates from both aquatic and terrestrial cave habitats) have fascinated researchers throughout history. Despite their success in colonizing most marine ecosystems, the adaptations of cave brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) to a stygobiotic lifestyle have been scarcely examined. Employing comparative methods on a data set of two species belonging to the genusOphionereis, this study addresses whether a cave-dwelling species from Cozumel exhibited similar troglomorphic traits as those of other taxa inhabiting caves. Our work demonstrated that some characters representing potential morphological cave adaptations inO. commutabiliswere: bigger sizes, elongation of arms and tube feet and the presence of traits potentially paedomorphic. In addition, an element of ophiuroid’s photoreceptor system, as well as pigmentation, was observed to be peculiar in this stygobiotic species, plausibly as a result of inhabiting a low light-energy environment. Finally, we add evidence to the statement thatO. commutabilisis a cave endemic species, already supported by demography, distribution and origin of this species, and now by a typical array of troglomorphisms.
Les nouvelles migrations de travail en Asie du Sud-Est insulaire : du commerce transnational de la main-d’œuvre entre l’Indonésie, la Malaisie et Singapour
Authors: Bastide Loïs
Published: March 2020

L’article vise à éclairer l’économie politique des migrations de travail entre les pays moins développés et les pôles de forte croissance économique, en Asie du Sud-Est. Il s’agit de montrer, à travers une focale particulière sur les migrations de travail indonésiennes vers la Malaisie et Singapour, qu’elles constituent une ressource pour les pays concernés. On montrera que ces mobilités permettent aux États de répondre à des impératifs économiques et politiques partiellement divergents, voire contradictoires, intrinsèques à leurs options de développement respectives. Ces migrations participent aussi à stimuler la croissance économique régionale, en équilibrant les ressources économiques et démographiques entre les pays. On finira en montrant qu’elles font cependant peser aussi des contraintes sur l’action publique et sont source de conflits à différentes échelles : à l’intérieur des pays, sur le plan des relations bilatérales entre les trois pays et sur la scène internationale.
Le smartphone au service de la coordination informelle dans les casses automobiles d’Abidjan
Authors: Josset Jean-Marc , N’Guessan N’da Philippe , Rallet Alain
Published: March 2020

Les organisations internationales (BIT, Banque mondiale) et les politiques publiques dans les pays en développement fondent de grands espoirs sur la numérisation pour formaliser et ainsi rendre plus efficaces des économies qui sont à dominante informelle. L’article soumet cette thèse à la critique en examinant l’utilisation du numérique, en fait des téléphones et des smartphones, dans la coordination entre les acteurs économiques d’une filière dynamique de la Côte d’Ivoire, celle de la vente de pièces détachées d’automobile. L’article définit tout d’abord les concepts d’informalité, de formalisation et de numérisation qu’il utilise et précise leurs rapports. Puis la démarche ethnographique mobilisée est justifiée et présentée ainsi que le terrain d’enquête, les casses automobiles d’Abidjan. L’analyse des relations entre les acteurs économiques et du rôle qu’y jouent les smartphones est ensuite menée à l’aide des verbatims de l’enquête. Enfin, l’article commente et discute les principaux résultats. Le principal est que les outils numériques utilisés tendent à renforcer les interactions informelles tout en favorisant une forme de formalisation ne s’inscrivant pas dans les dispositifs de codification et d’enregistrement étatiques des transactions.
Les formes du χωρισμός chez Plotin
Authors: Ménard Étienne
Published: March 2020

Le terme philosophique χωρισμός désigne une forme de séparation particulière et distincte de la séparation métaphysique entre le sensible et l’intelligible. Si cette dernière est exprimée par des termes formés sur le même radical (l’adverbe χωρίς, le verbe χωρίζω ou l’adjectif χωριστός), l’emploi du nom d’action semble considérablement plus restreint que celui du verbe. Une brève analyse du sens de ce terme dans l’histoire de la philosophie jusqu’à Plotin révèle une dimension psychologique prégnante dans son emploi, et amène à en distinguer deux modes, l’un ontologique et l’autre moral, les occurrences du terme chez Plotin renvoyant justement au sens psychologique et moral du χωρισμός. Ces distinctions faites, on peut voir que Plotin donne une double orientation (ascendante et descendante) au χωρισμός, dualité syntaxique qui se laisse ramener à une définition compréhensive du χωρισμός comme activité. Enfin, il est possible de réintégrer le sens psychologique du χωρισμός dans le cadre métaphysique propre à la philosophie de Plotin, plus large et doté de la même double orientation.
Mesure humaine et démesure technologique
Authors: Bonhomme Max
Published: March 2020

Les outils de l’iconologie, appliqués à la presse illustrée des années 1930, permettent de mettre en évidence le sens politique et idéologique de l’imagerie du déclin civilisationnel, omniprésente dans ces années. L’inquiétude grandissante face au développement du « machinisme » tend à se formuler visuellement par des rapports d’échelle : on opposera alors le gigantisme des machines à la petitesse de l’homme, menacé d’être dépassé par ses propres réalisations. L’article retrace la migration de certains motifs, comme celui d’un homme pris dans d’immenses engrenages, qui cheminent de l’iconographie militante vers la culture de masse. Différentes visions du progrès technique sont à distinguer, en fonction des contextes culturels et nationaux : ainsi la démesure technologique, qui caractériserait à la fois les États-Unis et l’URSS, définit en creux la situation de la France à cette époque, volontiers présentée comme le « pays de la mesure ».
Le canal de Suez : un chantier dans le désert
Authors: Dufaux Lionel
Published: March 2020

Le percement du canal maritime de Suez, entre 1859 et 1869, a été l’un des plus importants chantiers de travaux publics du xixe siècle. S’inscrivant dans un temps long, lointain successeur du canal des pharaons, le canal de Suez représente un tour de force technique et une vraie rupture : confronté à d’importantes contraintes géographiques, climatiques et logistiques, le chantier connaît une profonde réorganisation à partir de 1863, visant à lui donner une structuration rigoureuse, faisant largement appel à la mécanisation et constituant un véritable saut dans la modernité grâce à l’emploi de machines innovantes.
Un poète « planqué » dans un prosateur : Bufalino et la tradition de la « prose sonore » dans la littérature italienne du xxe siècle [avec une lettre inédite de l’écrivain]
Authors: Lazzarin Stefano
Published: March 2020

Cette étude pose la question de l’appartenance de Diceria dell’untore [Le semeur de peste] à la tradition littéraire italienne de la prose poétique, en comparant notamment quelques passages du roman de Bufalino — et du récit L’uomo invaso — avec La pyramide de Palazzeschi. L’article contient également la transcription d’une lettre inédite de l’écrivain.
Gesualdo Bufalino. Io è gli altri
Authors: Ruozzi Gino
Published: March 2020

Scrittore coltissimo, Bufalino ha fatto frequente uso di citazioni sia come ornamento sia come ispirazione e confronto di idee. Struttura stilistica e retorica fondamentale di tutti i suoi testi, nei libri di aforismi essa diviene un modello specifico: l’aforisma citazione. Gli scrittori citati sono centinaia ma spiccano per sintonia Boiardo e Ariosto, Leopardi e Baudelaire, Joubert e Gómez de la Serna.
Genesi e forma di un libro di poesia: L’amaro miele
Authors: Di Silvestro Antonio
Published: March 2020

Il contributo, partendo dall’analisi di un proto-indice dell’Amaro miele contenuto in una prima stesura di Argo il cieco, e utilizzando le indicazioni fornite dall’autore nei materiali preparatori di Diceria dell’untore, fornisce delle ipotesi sulla genesi e sulla organizzazione testuale di quello che costituisce non un semplice aggregato di testi, ma un vero e proprio libro di poesia, progettato dall’autore, che solo in un secondo tempo intreccia la propria dinamica interna con la forma ‘vitanovistica’ del romanzo dell’81.
Case report of a ‘relatively’ new corneal disease
Authors: Booysen Dirk J. , Höllhumer Roland
Published: March 2020

Peripheral hypertrophic sub-epithelial corneal degeneration was first described in 2003 and involves bilateral, symmetrical, peripheral, hypertrophic and sub-epithelial corneal opacification. The disease affects mostly young white women with light-coloured eyes and must be differentiated from corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, bullous keratopathy, climatic droplet keratopathy, corneal amyloidosis, corneal keloid, hereditary hypertrophic scarring, pseudo-pterygia and Salzmann’s nodular degeneration. This case report serves to highlight the clinical findings.
Observation of absorbing aerosols above clouds over the South-East Atlantic Ocean from the geostationary satellite SEVIRI – Part 2: Comparison with MODIS and aircraft measurements from the CLARIFY-2017 field campaign
Authors: Peers Fanny , Francis Peter , Abel Steven J. , Barrett Paul A. , Bower Keith N. , Cotterell Michael I. , Crawford Ian , Davies Nicholas W. , Fox Cathryn , Fox Stuart , Langridge Justin M. , Meyer Kerry G. , Platnick Steven E. , Szpek Kate , Haywood Jim M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. To evaluate the SEVIRI retrieval for aerosols above clouds presented in Part 1 of the companion paper, the algorithm is applied over the South East Atlantic Ocean during the CLARIFY-2017 field campaign period. The first step of our analysis compares the retrieved aerosol and cloud properties against equivalent products from the MODIS MOD06ACAERO retrieval (Meyer et al., 2015). While the correlation between the two satellite retrievals of the above-cloud Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) is good (R = 0.75), the AOT retrieved by SEVIRI is 16.5 % smaller than that obtained from the MODIS retrieval. This difference in AOT is attributed mainly to the more absorbing aerosol model assumed for the SEVIRI retrieval compared to MODIS. The underlying Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) derived from the two satellites are in good agreement (R = 0.90). The Cloud droplet Effective Radius (CER) retrieved by SEVIRI is consistently smaller than MODIS by ~2 µm, which is mainly caused by the use of different spectral bands of the satellite instruments. In the second part of our analysis, we compare the forecast water vapour profiles used for the SEVIRI atmospheric correction as well as the aforementioned aerosol and cloud products with in situ measurements made from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft platform during the CLARIFY-2017 campaign. Around Ascension Island, the column water vapour used to correct the SEVIRI signal is overestimated by 3.1 mm in the forecast compared to that measured by dropsondes. However, the evidence suggests that the accuracy of the atmospheric correction improves closer to the African coast. Consistency is observed between the SEVIRI above-cloud AOT and in situ measurements (from cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments) when the measured single scattering albedo is close to that assumed in the retrieval algorithm. On the other hand, the satellite retrieval overestimates the AOT when the assumed aerosol model is not absorbing enough. Consistency is also found between the cloud properties retrieved by SEVIRI and the CER measured by a cloud droplet probe and the liquid water path derived from a microwave radiometer. Despite the instrumental limitations of the geostationary satellite, the consistency obtained between SEVIRI, MODIS and the aircraft measurements demonstrates the ability of the retrieval in providing additional information on the temporal evolution of the aerosol properties above clouds.
Sea surface temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
over the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors: Orme Lisa C. , Crosta Xavier , Miettinen Arto , Divine Dmitry V. , Husum Katrine , Isaksson Elisabeth , Wacker Lukas , Mohan Rahul , Ther Olivier , Ikehara Minoru
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Centennial and millennial scale variability of Southern Ocean temperature is poorly known, due to both short instrumental records and sparsely distributed high-resolution temperature reconstructions, with evidence for past temperature variability instead coming mainly from ice core records. Here we present a high-resolution (~ 60 year), diatom-based sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the western Indian sector of the Southern Ocean that spans the interval 14.2 to 1.0 ka BP (calibrated kiloyears before present). During the late deglaciation, the new SST record shows cool temperatures at 14.2–12.9 ka BP and gradual warming between 12.9–11.6 ka BP in phase with atmospheric temperature evolution. This supports that the temperature of the Southern Ocean during the deglaciation was linked with a complex combination of processes and drivers associated with reorganisations of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Specifically, we suggest that Southern Ocean surface warming coincided, within the dating uncertainties, with the reconstructed slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), rising atmospheric CO2 levels, changes in the southern westerly winds and enhanced upwelling. During the Holocene the record shows warm and stable temperatures from 11.6–8.7 ka BP followed by a slight cooling and greater variability from 8.7 to 1 ka BP, with a quasi-periodic variability of 200–260 years as identified by spectral analysis. We suggest that the increased variability during the mid to late Holocene may reflect the establishment of centennial variability in SST connected with changes in the high latitude atmospheric circulation and Southern Ocean convection, as identified in models.
Assessing economic impacts of environmental research infrastructures: overview of methodological tools
Authors: Kalaydjian Régis
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The data generated by environmental research infrastructures (ENV RIs) are key to analysing the quality of general living standards and the
conditions of development of environmentally sensitive economic activities:
monitoring the atmosphere and ocean is increasingly and critically important
in a context marked by the risks caused by global warming. Given the cost of ENV RIs, their benefits to society, in terms of economic
impacts, must be assessed and demonstrated. The primary objective of this
article is to review the main tools used to assess the economic impacts of
ENV RIs and to propose a methodological framework. The latter classifies the
impacts into three categories: (1) upstream impacts on equipment suppliers;
(2) downstream impacts on the performance and quality of observational data,
monitoring services and forecasts; and (3) feedback impacts in terms of improved
knowledge about the environment to the benefit of economic activities. In this
framework, the entire data and service supply chain is considered for the
assessment of impacts. An ocean-related case study serves as a practical example: Argo, a global
in situ ocean observing system, provides an understanding of the supply chain
from upstream suppliers of ENV RIs to primary and processed ocean data
providers. It highlights the methodological issues involved in assessing the
different categories of impacts. The article gives precedence to tried and tested methods. It concludes that
further work and more data are needed to improve assessment methods.
Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study
Authors: Osmont Dimitri , Brugger Sandra , Gilgen Anina , Weber Helga , Sigl Michael , Modini Robin L. , Schwörer Christoph , Tinner Willy , Wunderle Stefan , Schwikowski Margit
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Recent large wildfires, such as those in Portugal in 2017, have devastating impacts on societies, economy, ecosystems and environments. However, wildfires are a natural phenomenon, which has been exacerbated by land use during the past millennia. Ice cores are one of the archives preserving information on fire occurrences over these timescales. A difficulty is that emission sensitivity of ice cores is often unknown, which constitutes a source of uncertainty in the interpretation of such archives. Information from specific and well-documented case studies is therefore useful to better understand the spatial representation of ice-core burning records. The wildfires near Pedrógão Grande in Central Portugal in 2017 provided a test bed to link a fire event to its footprint left in a high-alpine snowpack considered a surrogate for high-alpine ice-core sites. Here, we (1) analyzed black carbon (BC) and microscopic charcoal particles deposited in the snowpack close to the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps, (2) calculated backward trajectories based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data and simulated the transport of these carbonaceous particles using a global aerosol-climate model, and (3) analyzed the fire spread, its spatial and temporal extent, as well as its intensity, with remote sensing (e.g. MODIS) active fire and burned area products. A peak of atmospheric equivalent BC (eBC) observed at the Jungfraujoch research station on 22nd June, with elevated eBC levels until the 25th June, is in correspondence with a peak in refractory BC (rBC) and microscopic charcoal observed in the snow layer. rBC was mainly scavenged by wet deposition and we obtained scavenging ratios ranging from 81 to 91. Unlike for microscopic charcoal, the model did not well reproduce the observed rBC signal. Our study reveals that microscopic charcoal can be transported over long distances (1500 km), and that snow and ice archives are much more sensitive to distant events than sedimentary archives, for which the signal is dominated by local fires. Microscopic charcoal concentrations were exceptionally high since this single outstanding event deposited as many charcoal particles per day as during an average year in ice cores. This study unambiguously links the fire tracers in the snow with the highly intensive fires in Portugal, where a total burned area of 501 km2 was observed on the basis of satellite fire products. According to our simulations, this fire event emitted at least 203.5 tons of BC.
Pulmonary tuberculosis in a recent immigrant
Authors: Wang Dominic , Ruicci Kara Marie
Published: March 2020

An elderly patient with a history significant for recent immigration presented with acute onset hemoptysis and a focal infiltrate on chest x-ray. A broad differential for acute hemoptysis was considered including infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic etiologies. Sputum samples revealed the presence of drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis and treatment guidelines were reviewed. The patient demonstrated response to first-line therapy, rifampin and isoniazid, and was subsequently discharged with follow-up chest x-ray. Tuberculosis is further discussed in the broader contexts of current Canadian screening guidelines, emerging drug-resistant strains, and the initiatives of the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce its global burden.
Origen y desarrollo del sistema evidencial del mapudungun
Authors: Hasler Sandoval Felipe , Olate Vinet Aldo , Soto Vergara Guillermo
Published: March 2020

La evidencialidad en el mapudungun se expresa a partir de dos elementos: el marcador reportativo piam y el morfema -rke, este último cuenta con tres significados: inferencial, reportativo y admirativo. La reportatividad puede expresarse mediante ambos mecanismos, por lo que el sistema cuenta con dos formas para cubrir un mismo dominio funcional-comunicativo.El presente trabajo propone una reconstrucción del desarrollo del sistema evidencial del mapudungun, teniendo en cuenta evidencias tipológicas, diacrónicas y del mapudungun que se habla actualmente con el propósito de dar cuenta de la trayectoria de gramaticalización que este ha seguido. A partir de una revisión de las principales gramáticas del mapudungun desde el período colonial, más diversas sesiones de elicitación con hablantes de mapudungun actual, se esboza el desarrollo y la reconstrucción del sistema evidencial de la lengua. Nuestra hipótesis sostiene que el marcador piam surge de la gramaticalización de la forma pi-am, donde pi- es la raíz verbal ‘decir’ y -am corresponde a un sufijo impersonal registrado en uso hasta la gramática de Havestadt [1777] (1883). Junto con lo anterior, se propone que el evidencial -rke se deriva de reké que puede funcionar como adverbio con el significado de ‘realmente’/’verdaderamente’ y como posposición ecuativa/similativa. A partir de reké, el significado original de -rke habría sido el inferencial y, desde ahí, se habría extendido hacia la expresión de evidencialidad reportativa y admiratividad, produciéndose, entonces, el traslape semántico-funcional con el marcador piam. Entre las principales conclusiones observamos, por un lado, que este estudio es útil para el análisis areal y de contacto, y por otro, que el uso de evidencia diacrónica, tipológica y del mapudungun actualmente hablado permite dar cuenta de manera confiable de los procesos de gramaticalización.
Pragmatic reproduction of cultural-linguistic referents in translation from Spanish to Chinese
Authors: Ding Zhishuo
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the pragmatic translation of cultural-linguistic items through a relevance-theoretic study. The results suggest: 1) implicative value of the cultural-linguistic items is context-dependent and 2) loss of the linguistic form might imply the loss of the implicit clue. The study aims to expose the pragmatic values conveyed by the cultural-linguistic elements of Spanish and its Chinese translation. Furthermore, it explores how much original Spanish linguistic elements are accessible to the target readers of the Chinese translation. Based on a Spanish novel, namely La Colmena, and its Chinese translation Feng Fang, linguistic cultural referents from the Spanish original and their translations were compared, considering their cognitive contexts. This research points to the fact that the cognitive-environmental values of cultural-linguistic elements are generally underestimated, especially in Spanish-to-Chinese translation and, a large number of Spanish linguistic items do not maintain their implicatures in the Chinese translation due to different contextual assumptions.
Teoría lingüística y enseñanza-aprendizaje de ELE: análisis metodológico, terminológico y conceptual del futuro simple de indicativo
Authors: Martínez-Atienza de Dios María , Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el tratamiento que recibe el futuro imperfecto de indicativo (forma cantaré) en un corpus constituido por veinte gramáticas de español como lengua extranjera (ELE) de distintos niveles y lenguas publicadas entre 1957 y 2015. Estudiamos, de forma específica, la complejidad explicativa y descriptiva del futuro en español, el marco teórico del corpus, la terminología empleada por los autores para denominar a la forma cantaré, los valores atribuidos a esta forma, las explicaciones didácticas empleadas, la oposición con otras formas del sistema verbal español, así como los ejemplos que utilizan los autores para describir el futuro. El artículo pretende, además, poner de relieve la necesidad de tener en cuenta la teoría y metodología lingüísticas en la praxis de ELE, con el fin de lograr un mayor aprovechamiento pedagógico.
Internal and External Mechanisms of Englishization: Changes in Marked and Unmarked Chinese Passive Constructions
Authors: Zhang Liulin , Amoroso Luke
Published: March 2020

The Chinese language is changing, and like other languages, has been becoming more like English. This article focuses on the Englishization (Europeanization) of certain Chinese passive constructions. Previous research indicates that written Chinese has seen an increase in the use of the 被 bèi passive construction (BEIC) and a concomitant decrease in use of the notional passive construction (NPC) over time. This assertion is supported by a corpus-based analysis. An apparent-time research study shows that, in general, younger, more educated participants (those hypothesized to have more exposure to English) are more likely to use BEIC than are older, less educated participants in the sentence continuation task. However, this difference between groups is not captured in the binary forced choice task due to the increased use of BEIC under a conscious condition by the older, less educated participants. This finding sheds light on the psychological mechanism of internalization involved with Englishization.
La construcción de marca de distrito cultural y creativo del "Ouseburn Valley" (Newcastle Upon Tyne, Reino Unido): análidis de su documentación filmográfica
Authors: García Carrizo Jennifer
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación estudia el Distrito Cultural y Creativo del Ouseburn Valley (Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Reino Unido) identificando sus espacios más relevantes mediante un análisis de la filmografía asociada a él. Se localizan los actores principales del distrito en aras de considerarlos a la hora de gestionar la imagen de marca de los distritos culturales y creativos, la cual es de gran importancia ya que estos espacios son clave para la revitalización urbana (Rosselló y Wright, 2010; UNESCO, 2016).

Aplicando la Teoría Fundamentada (Glaser y Strauss, 1967; Saunders, Thornhill y Lewis, 2009), se realiza un análisis de contenido de una selección de 24 archivos audiovisuales producidos entre 1939 y 2019 y vinculados al Ouseburn Valley, los cuales se han recuperado gracias al archivo fílmico del Ouseburn Trust y al North-East Film Archive. Así, se comprende la evolución del distrito, estableciéndose e identificándose los valores vinculados al mismo y cómo estos han ido variando históricamente. Igualmente, se identifican los actores más importantes (como la Ouseburn-Farm); aquellos que el imaginario colectivo asocia a este espacio gracias textos audiovisuales como los analizados y cuya identificación es de relevancia para la gestión de la marca-distrito del Ouseburn Valley.
Phytosociological research on temporary ponds in Apulia (southern Italy)
Authors: Tomaselli Valeria , Beccarisi Leonardo , Brullo Salvatore , Cambria Salvatore , Forte Luigi , Minissale Pietro , Veronico Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

The ephemeral hygrophilous vegetation occurring in the temporary ponds of Apulia (southern Italy) weres studied following the phytosociological approach. On the base of 153 phytosociological relevés carried out during the period 2015-2018, 19 associations were identified, of which 16 described for the first time. All the associations belong to the Isoeto-Nanojuncetea class. The surveyed associations can be arranged in two orders, such as Isoetetalia, including those with a winter-spring cycle and Nanocyperetalia, regarding those with a summertime cycle. The identified association has been examined in detail, and for each one, we provided a phytosociological table. The communities belonging to the Isoetetalia are 17 and arranged in four alliances (Isoetion, Preslion cervinae, Cicendio filiformis-Solenopsion laurentiae, Agrostion salmanticae); instead, those ones of Nanocyperetalia are two both included in the Verbenion supinae. In order to highlight the relationships among the associations, all the relevés used for this investigation are processed. Overall, this analysis confirms the autonomy of the associations, grouping them according to the syntaxonomic arrangement proposed by the authors. Taxonomic investigations on the flora occurring in these habitats allowed the detection of two new subspecies of Solenopsis laurentia, both with a different autoecology.
Selecting Sustainable Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal: An Expert Based MCDM Approach
Authors: Kharat Manoj Govind , Murthy Shankar , Kamble Sheetal Jaisingh , Kharat Mukesh Govind
Published: March 2020

Selection of appropriate municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and disposal technology is a complex multi-criteria process. This paper demonstrates the reliability of the use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for the purpose of selecting the best MSW treatment and disposal
alternatives. In this paper, a modified fuzzy Delphi-AHP-TOPSIS methodology is developed for the selection of the most appropriate MSW treatment and disposal technology. The study provides a systematic three-stage methodology towards technology selection. In the first stage, experts' opinions
were sought to select the relevant criteria and the fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was used to obtain the critical factors for the evaluation of alternatives. In the second stage, the criteria weights and their importance degree were calculated by using AHP. Finally, the TOPSIS technique was used
for ranking the alternatives to determine the most appropriate option. The study identifies a minimal relevant set of evaluation criteria and appropriate technologies for the handling, treatment and disposal of MSW in a more economical and environmentally sustainable way. Thus, the developed
MCDM framework enables decision-makers to make informed decisions and achieve optimal results. It helps the decision makers select the best possible technology in a scientific manner. To demonstrate the approach taken, a real case of Mumbai city is taken.
Household Solid Waste Management in Monrovia, Liberia: Influencing Factors, Characteristics, and Management Solutions
Authors: David Victor Emery , Wenchao Jiang , Mmereki Daniel
Published: March 2020

The ineffective management of household solid waste (HSW) in most developing cities in Africa including Monrovia has become a major issue threatening the environment and public health. In response to these waste challenges, developed countries have embarked upon major environmental
reforms, and have made advances in best practices and sustainable management of their Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). However, in most developing countries like Liberia, such environmental reforms have not been initiated and therefore the situation has become compounded; this is due to several
factors impeding the development of a sustainable municipal solid waste system. This study, therefore, aims to critically analyze the influencing factors of solid waste management; the characteristics of household waste and suggest management solutions for effective and sustainable management.

Results from the analysis of data, using The Ordinary Least Square Regression (OLS) method estimates the average household waste per capita generation as 0.76kg/capita/day. Regarding the composition of the waste stream, the results show that 67% of the waste sampled from Monrovia is biodegradable
and mostly comprised of high wet weight and high moisture content kitchen waste. On the other hand, the remaining percentage is mostly non-degradable but recyclable materials such as glass ceramics and metals. This suggests that due to the high moisture content in the waste, samples are suitable
for composting and other mechanical and biological management options. Using the stratified sampling method, 300 households were chosen. Multiple regressions were conducted to determine the relationship between waste generation and socio-economic factors and these showed that the effect of
income, household size and the environmental concern on HSW generation is statistically significant at a 1% significance. However, further findings revealed a negative relationship between income and HSW generation at a 1% level of significance. These findings provide new insight regarding
the role of socio-economic characteristics affecting the generation of household waste in Monrovia.
Gender Inequality and Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices in Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-Jedaiah Mohamad Noor
Published: March 2020

This research aims at investigating the inequality practices against women in Jordanian commercial banking sector. To reach this objective, the research studied both HRP and inequalities faced women. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The HRP used as independent variable, while the inequalities resulted used as dependent variable. Simple random sample was selected of female bankers. The results showed that inequality practices existed in banking workplace. These inequalities resulted from both, the HRP and managers’ evaluation of women in baking sector. The results showed the inequality practices are source of minimizing women empowerment in banking sector.
Mandatory childhood vaccination: Should Norway follow?
Authors: Gamlund Espen , Müller Karl Erik , Paquet Kathrine Knarvik , Solberg Carl Tollef
Published: March 2020

Systematic public vaccination constitutes a tremendous health success, perhaps the greatest achievement of biomedicine so far. There is, however, room for improvement. Each year, 1.5 million deaths could be avoided with enhanced immunisation coverage. In recent years, many countries have introduced mandatory childhood vaccination programmes in an attempt to avoid deaths. In Norway, however, the vaccination programme has remained voluntary. Our childhood immunisation programme covers protection for twelve infectious diseases, and Norwegian children are systematically immunised from six weeks to sixteen years of age. In this article, we address the question of whether our country, Norway, should make the childhood vaccination programme mandatory. This question has received considerable public attention in the media, yet surprisingly little academic discussion has followed. The aim of the article is to systematically discuss whether it is morally justified to introduce a mandatory childhood vaccination programme in Norway. Our discussion proceeds as follows: We begin by presenting relevant background information on the history of vaccines and the current Norwegian childhood vaccination programme. Next, we discuss what we consider to be the most central arguments against mandatory childhood vaccination: the argument from the standpoints of parental rights, bodily integrity, naturalness, mistrust, and immunisation coverage. After that, we examine the central arguments in favour of mandatory childhood vaccination from the standpoints of harm, herd immunity, and as a precautionary strategy. We conclude that there are convincing moral arguments in favour of adopting a policy of mandatory childhood vaccination in Norway.

Keywords: autonomy, harm principle, herd immunity, parental rights, precautionary approach
Optimum cork stopper diameter for a proper wine sealing performance when modifying bottleneck diameter: a first approach
Authors: Sánchez-González Mariola , González-Hernández Florentino , Prades Cristina
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: This study present a theoretical model that allow establishing the proper relationship between forces and diameters that take part in sealing for ensuring an adequate closure during storage time, and obtained the optimum stopper diameter for a proper sealing performance when modifying bottleneck diameter.Area of study: The proposed model is of interested to the whole cork value chain from forest owners to natural cork stoppers manufacturers.Material and methods: The optimum cork stopper diameter depends mainly on stopper quality and the compression rate applied in the bottling operation. In this study, we establish the stopper diameter when reducing bottleneck diameter, applying a compression rate of 33% when corking, and for natural cork stoppers which quality allows to recover its initial diameter to 96% after 24 h since compression.Main results: For a bottleneck diameter of 18 mm, the value of the stopper diameter should be at least of 22.3 mm, and for a bottleneck diameter of 17 mm, the value of the stopper diameter should be at least of 20.3 mm.Research highlights: These results try to solve one of the main worries of natural cork stopper manufacturers, which is the scarcity of raw cork suitable for manufacturing them. However this study is also of interested to forest owners because the increment of cork suitable for natural cork stoppers manufacturing means an increment in cork value.Key words: bottling; corking; compression force; compression rate; diameter recovery; relaxation force; relaxation ratio.Abbreviations used: Ds (Cork Stopper Diameter); Dg (Caliper Diameter the Corking Machine); Db (Bottleneck Diameter); Dr (Recovered Diameter); Fc (Compression Force); Fr (Relaxation Force);  CR (Compression Rate); RR (Relaxation Ratio); RD (Diameter Recovery).
Control System for a Tensile-Testing Device Using Low-Cost Hardware and Open-Source Software
Authors: Kranjec Matej , Korinšek Jernej , Ambrož Miha , Kunc Robert
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to verify whether a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ can be utilized as a low-cost device for controlling a tensile-testing device used for material research purposes. A list of requirements based on already-available hardware was drawn up, which the new control system had to fulfil. To connect all the necessary equipment, a connection board was constructed, and some additional hardware was acquired for the system to be able to perform all the necessary tasks. The whole controlling system was also put in a small enclosure to make it portable. The control-system software was written in C++ using the Pigpio library. The developed system was then tested, and the results were compared to a commercially available Instron 8802 device. A comparison of the results shows that the upgraded equipment can produce comparable results to commercially available devices and is sufficiently accurate to be applied for research purposes for the characterization of soft tissues and other materials.
Validated HPLC method for quantification of copanlisib in mice plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zakkula Ashok , Kurakula Pavan Kumar , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Daram Prasanthi , Bestha Ram Murthi , Zainuddin Mohd , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: March 2020

Copanlisib is a pan phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor approved for follicular lymphoma. In this paper, we present the data of development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of copanlisib in mice plasma as per the FDA regulatory guideline. The method involves the extraction of copanlisib along with internal standard (IS, enasidenib) from mice plasma (100 µL) using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent. The chromatographic resolution of copanlisib and the IS was achieved on a Hypersil Gold C18 column maintained at 40 °C using a binary gradient mobile phase [10 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile]. The flow-rate was 0.8 mL/min. For the detection of copanlisib and the IS, the photo-diode array detector was set at λmax 310 nm. Copanlisib and the IS eluted at 6.60 and 7.80 min, respectively with a total run time of 10 min. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 50 to 5000 ng/mL for copanlisib (r2³ 0.998). The results of intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision studies were within the acceptable limits. Copanlisib was stable on bench-top, in auto-sampler, up to three freeze/thaw cycle and long-term storage at -80 °C. The application of the validated method was shown in a mice pharmacokinetic study.
A new ceramic composite based
on spherical aluminium oxide for
auxiliary panels in high-temperature
firing processes
Authors: Spyrka M. , Atraszkiewicz R. , Klimek L.
Published: March 2020

based on a spherical form of aluminium oxide. It is intended to limit the occurrence of
technological problems related to the appropriate selection of auxiliary refractory materials,
such as cracking, high heat capacity and variable coefficient of thermal expansion.
Design/methodology/approach: A composite ceramic material with the spherical
form of aluminium oxide included allows to reduce mass and stabilize characteristics of
dimensional changes as a function of temperature in auxiliary panels in high-temperature
firing processes with typical manufacturing process of the ceramics, which is gravity casting,
drying and high-temperature firing.
Findings: The study showed that the quantitative share of the spherical form of Al2O3 in
the volume of ceramic material has a major impact on its properties. An increased share
of spheres translates into greater material porosity and lower matrix density but also, by
reducing the cross-section, into decreased strength properties. In the case of the developed
ceramic material, there is no visible trend of a decrease in the coefficient of thermal
expansion with increasing temperature, which is the case with traditional ceramic materials.
Research limitations/implications: The strength of presented composite isn’t good
and constitutes a further direction of research and development of the material.
Practical implications: Although decreased strength properties, the composite with
no visible trend of a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion with increasing
temperature could be used as panels in high-temperature firing processes.
Originality/value: New ceramic foundry composite based on a spherical form of aluminium
oxide for auxiliary panels in high temperature processes.