bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Film: An Application of Bogoliubov–Valatin Transformation for Hamiltonian Diagonalization
Authors: Adhikari Chandra M. , Morris Da’Shawn M. , Noonan Thomas W. , Neupane Tikaram , Lamichhane Basu R. , Gautam Bhoj R.
Published: June 2023

We present a theoretical study on the energy dispersion of an ultrathin film of periodically-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with the help of the Bogoliubov–Valatin transformation. The Hamiltonian of the film was derived using the many-particle green function technique in the Matsubara frequency formalism. The periodic array of SWCNTs was embedded in a dielectric with comparatively higher permittivity than the substrate and the superstrate such that the SWCNT film became independent with the axis of quantization but keeps the thickness as the variable parameter, making the film neither two-dimensional nor three-dimensional, but transdimensional. It was revealed that the energy dispersion of the SWCNT film is thickness dependent.
The Tolerability and Effectiveness of Marine-Based Ingredients in Cosmetics: A Split-Face Clinical Study of a Serum Spray Containing Fucus vesiculosus Extract, Ulva lactuca Extract, and Ectoin
Authors: Janssens-Böcker Ciska , Wiesweg Karin , Doberenz Claudia
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Marine-derived compounds, such as seaweed extracts, fucoidan and ulvans, and ectoin, have gained attention in recent years due to their unique structural and functional characteristics, which make them attractive ingredients for skincare products. In this study, we developed a serum spray based on fucoidan, Ulva lactuca extract, and ectoin and evaluated its efficacy on facial skin. Materials and Methods: A split-face design dermatological evaluation of the serum spray was conducted on 33 subjects with visible signs of skin aging, with 29 subjects completing the study according to its protocol. The subjects had a mean age of 50 years and 16 had sensitive skin. The instrumental efficacy and subjective efficacy of the spray were measured on facial skin by evaluating the trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, skin roughness/wrinkle reduction, and skin hydration at baseline, 20 min after its application and 28 days after its continuous use. Results: We found that the application of the serum spray did not significantly affect the TEWL. The hydration in the area treated with Moisturizer + Spray was 17% higher than that in the area treated with Moisturizer alone after 20 min of application (p < 0.001) and 5% higher after 28 days of use (p < 0.05). Twenty minutes after the application of the product, the average roughness in the area treated with Moisturizer + Spray decreased significantly, with an average of 7% compared to baseline (p < 0.001). With regard to the long-term antiwrinkle effect, 28 days after the continuous use of the product, the average roughness in the area treated with Moisturizer + Spray decreased significantly, with an average of 17% in relation to baseline (p < 0.001). The skin pH was significantly lowered by 6% after 28 days of use of the moisturizer + spray (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the marine-derived compounds fucoidan, ulvans, and ectoin have hydrating and anti-wrinkle properties that make them effective ingredients for skincare products. The serum spray developed in this study was demonstrated to be safe and increase hydration, showing a reduction in wrinkles and maintenance of the skin barrier function after 28 days of its continuous use. Therefore, it could be a promising addition to skincare products for improving skin health.
Phase-Only Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Spatial-Light-Modulator Uniformity Measurement with Improved Classical Polarimetric Method
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Li Kun
Published: June 2023

The classical polarimetric method has been widely used in liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) phase measurement with a simple optical setup. However, due to interference caused by LCoS cover glass reflections, the method lacks accuracy for phase uniformity measurements. This paper is aimed at mathematically analyzing the errors caused by non-ideal glass reflections and proposing procedures to reduce or eliminate such errors. The measurement is discussed in three conditions, including the ideal condition with no reflections from the LCoS cover glass, the condition with only the front reflection from the cover glass, and the condition with only the back reflection from the cover glass. It is discovered that the backward reflection makes the largest contribution to the overall measurement error, and it is the main obstacle to high-quality measurements. Several procedures, including optical alignment, LC layer thickness measurement, and phase estimation method, are proposed, making the uniformity measurement more qualitative and consistent.
A Survey on Zeolite Synthesis and the Crystallization Process: Mechanism of Nucleation and Growth Steps
Authors: Asgar Pour Zahra , Alassmy Yasser A. , Sebakhy Khaled O.
Published: June 2023

Zeolites, as a class of crystalline minerals, find a wide range of applications in various fields, such as catalysis, separation, and adsorption. More recently, these materials have also been developed for advanced applications, such as gas storage, medical applications, magnetic adsorption, and zeolitic-polymeric membranes. To effectively design zeolites for such intriguing applications, it is crucial to intelligently adjust their crystal size, morphology, and defect population in relation to crystal perfection. Optimizing these fundamental parameters necessitates a deep understanding of zeolite formation mechanisms, encompassing the thermodynamics and kinetics of nucleation steps as well as crystallite growth. In this review, we discuss the formation of zeolites from this perspective, drawing on recent studies that highlight new achievements in remodeling and modifying zeolite synthesis routes. The ultimate aim is to provide better comprehension and optimize the functionality of zeolites for the aforementioned applications.
Deep Learning-Based Black Spot Identification on Greek Road Networks
Authors: Karamanlis Ioannis , Kokkalis Alexandros , Profillidis Vassilios , Botzoris George , Kiourt Chairi , Sevetlidis Vasileios , Pavlidis George
Published: June 2023

Black spot identification, a spatiotemporal phenomenon, involves analysing the geographical location and time-based occurrence of road accidents. Typically, this analysis examines specific locations on road networks during set time periods to pinpoint areas with a higher concentration of accidents, known as black spots. By evaluating these problem areas, researchers can uncover the underlying causes and reasons for increased collision rates, such as road design, traffic volume, driver behaviour, weather, and infrastructure. However, challenges in identifying black spots include limited data availability, data quality, and assessing contributing factors. Additionally, evolving road design, infrastructure, and vehicle safety technology can affect black spot analysis and determination. This study focused on traffic accidents in Greek road networks to recognize black spots, utilizing data from police and government-issued car crash reports. The study produced a publicly available dataset called Black Spots of North Greece (BSNG) and a highly accurate identification method.
Expression of Connexin 43 in Granular Cell Tumors of the Skin, Tongue and Esophagus
Authors: Kneitz Hermann , Frings Verena , Kircher Stefan , Goebeler Matthias
Published: June 2023

Background: Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms of Schwann cell origin occurring in the skin and in other organs. The etiopathogenesis of GCT is yet poorly understood. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most broadly expressed gap junction protein in humans, the tumoral role of which has been investigated in several types of tumors. Its role in GCT of the skin, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract is as yet unknown. Methods: Herein, we present a study on the immunohistochemical expression of Cx43 in GCT of the skin (n = 15), tongue (n = 4) and esophagus (n = 3). Immunolabeling was scored positive (weak (+), moderate (++) or strong (+++)). Results: Cx43 was expressed by all cases of GCT of the skin, tongue and esophagus (22/22), showing moderate to strong staining. All tissue sections of GCT were characterized by a diffuse, cytoplasmic staining pattern of the tumor cells. None of those showed membranous or nuclear staining. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Cx43 probably plays an important role in the development of this rare tumor entity.
Innovative Pultruded Composite Mast Design for Railway Overhead Line Structures
Authors: Grasso Marzio , Robinson Mark , Chaffey Brace , Mortimer Philip , Brighton James
Published: June 2023

The structural feasibility of using a pultrusion of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) for the lightweight design of a mast for overhead line railway electrification was investigated and simulated. Material characterisation was undertaken using three-point bending and finite element analysis to identify the orthotropic properties of the pultruded tubes designed for a composite mast for overhead electrification. An innovative design of the mast was proposed and verified using a simulation that compared the deflection and stress levels under wind and inertial load. From the simulation results, it was concluded that the proposed composite structure design complies with the mechanical performance requirements for its implementation and benefits the application with a weight reduction of more than 80% with respect to the current steel mast design.
Lung Ultrasonography Is an Acceptable Imaging Modality to Diagnose COVID-19 and Effectively Correlates with HRCT Chest—A Prospective Study
Authors: Bashir Muiez , Inzamam Wani , Banday Mohd Kamran , Rasool Sheikh Riaz , Bhat Mudasir Hamid , Vladulescu Carmen , Al-Misned Fahad A. , El-Serehy Hamed A.
Published: June 2023

It has been validated beyond doubt that High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest and to some extent chest radiographs have a role in corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Much less is known about the role of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in COVID-19. In this paper, our main purpose was to gauge the relationship between LUS and chest HRCT in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) documented cases of COVID-19, as well as in those with high suspicion of COVID-19 with negative RT–PCR. It was a prospective study carried out at our tertiary care hospital, namely, SKIMS Soura. The total number of patients in this study were 152 (200 patients were selected out of which only 152 had undergone both LUS and chest HRCT). The patients were subjected to both LUS and chest HRCT. The radiologist who performed LUS was blinded to clinical findings and HRCT was evaluated by a radiologist with about a decade of experience. The LUS findings compatible with the disease were subpleural consolidations, B-lines and irregular pleural lines. Findings that were compatible with COVID-19 on chest HRCT were bibasilar, subpleural predominant ground glass opacities, crazy paving and consolidations. COVID-19-positive patients were taken up for chest HRCT for disease severity stratification and were also subjected to LUS. On HRCT chest, the imaging abnormalities compatible with COVID-19 were evident in 110 individuals (72.37%), and on Lung Ultrasound they were observed in 120 individuals (78.95%). Imaging of COVID-19 patients assessed by both LUS and HRCT chest,, showed a positive correlation (p < 0.0001). The study revealed a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 76.62%, a positive predictive value of 78.57% and a negative predictive value of 86.76%. None of the individuals with a diagnosis of COVID-19 on HRCT were missed on LUS. An excellent correlation was derived between the LUS score and CT total severity score (p < 0.0001 with a kappa of 0.431). Similar precision compared with chest HRCT in the detection of chest flaws in COVID-19 patients was obtained on LUS.
Systematically Improving the Efficiency of Grid-Based Coverage Path Planning Methodologies in Real-World UAVs’ Operations
Authors: Apostolidis Savvas , Vougiatzis Georgios , Kapoutsis Athanasios , Chatzichristofis Savvas , Kosmatopoulos Elias
Published: June 2023

This work focuses on the efficiency improvement of grid-based Coverage Path Planning (CPP) methodologies in real-world applications with UAVs. While several sophisticated approaches are met in literature, grid-based methods are not commonly used in real-life operations. This happens mostly due to the error that is introduced during the region’s representation on the grid, a step mandatory for such methods, that can have a great negative impact on their overall coverage efficiency. A previous work on UAVs’ coverage operations for remote sensing, has introduced a novel optimization procedure for finding the optimal relative placement between the region of interest and the grid, improving the coverage and resource utilization efficiency of the generated trajectories, but still, incorporating flaws that can affect certain aspects of the method’s effectiveness. This work goes one step forward and introduces a CPP method, that provides three different ad-hoc coverage modes: the Geo-fenced Coverage Mode, the Better Coverage Mode and the Complete Coverage Mode, each incorporating features suitable for specific types of vehicles and real-world applications. For the design of the coverage trajectories, user-defined percentages of overlap (sidelap and frontlap) are taken into consideration, so that the collected data will be appropriate for applications like orthomosaicing and 3D mapping. The newly introduced modes are evaluated through simulations, using 20 publicly available benchmark regions as testbed, demonstrating their stenghts and weaknesses in terms of coverage and efficiency. The proposed method with its ad-hoc modes can handle even the most complex-shaped, concave regions with obstacles, ensuring complete coverage, no-sharp-turns, non-overlapping trajectories and strict geo-fencing. The achieved results demonstrate that the common issues encountered in grid-based methods can be overcome by considering the appropriate parameters, so that such methods can provide robust solutions in the CPP domain.
A Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Guidance Strategy for a Micro-UAV by the Modified Camera View
Authors: Mu Lingxia , Li Qingliang , Wang Ban , Zhang Youmin , Feng Nan , Xue Xianghong , Sun Wenzhe
Published: June 2023

Autonomous landing is one of the key technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which can improve task flexibility in various fields. In this paper, a vision-based autonomous landing strategy is proposed for a quadrotor micro-UAV based on a novel camera view angle conversion method, fast landing marker detection, and an autonomous guidance approach. The front-view camera of the micro-UAV video is first modified by a new strategy to obtain a top-down view. By this means, the landing marker can be captured by the onboard camera of the micro-UAV and is then detected by the YOLOv5 algorithm in real time. The central coordinate of the landing marker is estimated and used to generate the guidance commands for the flight controller. After that, the guidance commands are sent by the ground station to perform the landing task of the UAV. Finally, the flight experiments using DJI Tello UAV are conducted outdoors and indoors, respectively. The original UAV platform is modified using the proposed camera view angle-changing strategy so that the top-down view can be achieved for performing the landing mission. The experimental results show that the proposed landing marker detection algorithm and landing guidance strategy can complete the autonomous landing task of the micro-UAV efficiently.
From Reporting to Removing Barriers: Toward Transforming Accommodation Culture into Equity Culture
Authors: Cook-Sather Alison , Cook-Sather Morgan
Published: June 2023

This reflective case study is situated at the intersection of the literature on pedagogical partnership, child-parent research, and Critical Disability Studies. It presents a mother/daughter, faculty/student exploration of the daughter’s lived experiences of navigating, as a legally blind person, the campus and courses of a college designed for fully sighted students. After presenting our conceptual frameworks and describing, using text and a video, the daughter’s lived experience of navigating the accommodation culture on her campus, we describe the semester-long partnership process through which the video was created with the goal of moving faculty, staff, and students toward equity culture. To support others in developing such video projects on their own campuses, we draw on details of this partnership to offer guidelines for co-creating representations of the lived experiences of other students with disabilities. By synthesizing learnings from this experience and the literature noted above, we offer recommendations for transforming accommodation culture into equity culture. These recommendations include: establishing diversity as the norm in every learning context; intentionally inviting a revision of differences from deficits to resources; going beyond providing accommodations to understand students’ lived experiences; and sharing the active taking of responsibility for shifting from accommodation to equity culture.
Instructional Framework for Emergency Remote Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Rubtsova Anna , Semenova Natalia , Kats Nora , Zheleznyakova Olga
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 crisis has considerably changed the educational landscape and resulted in a scientific debate on the efficacy and prospects of online education. Recent research is focused on analyzing the psychological and instructional difficulties faced by both educators and learners during emergency remote teaching (ERT). However, a limited number of studies tends to present a holistic instructional framework that could benefit educators in situations of a similar educational crisis. This study aims at identifying psychological and pedagogical implications for instructional framework design in situations of abrupt transition to online learning. Employing a qualitative approach, this study is based on the dataset collected from 152 students obtaining bachelor’s and master’s degrees in social sciences. This dataset was analyzed and interpreted by means of descriptive statistics. The findings helped to identify students’ perceptions of ERT, core difficulties, and preferences which underlay the conceptualization of the instructional framework adjustable for ERT. The presented instructional considerations could contribute to the effective design of technology-assisted courses in the context of higher education.
Middle Grades Math with Ice Cream Sundaes: Connecting Math to the Real World
Authors: Montesdeoca Kayleen K.
Published: June 2023

This qualitative case study presents findings related to the experiences of one preservice teacher as they attempted to create student-centered math experiences in their middle school mathematics classroom. The participant was enrolled in a graduate secondary mathematics teacher education program and was student teaching at a middle school. In this research study, I asked, “How does one preservice middle grades mathematics teacher understand ways to connect math to the real world?” The data collected included interviews, classroom artifacts, and researcher memos. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings suggested that, although the preservice teacher wanted to infuse real world experiences in their lessons, they were unsure of ways to do so; they struggled to infuse a real world context in math at the middle school level. This study draws attention to the importance of ensuring that middle grades mathematics educators receive instruction on ways to help their students make connections to the real world and thus create student-centered mathematics classrooms.
Model Predictive PI Circulating Current Control for Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Jiang Yaoxi , Wang Wentao , Shu Hongchun , Zhang Junjie
Published: June 2023

Significant circulating currents in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) increase system losses and complicate heat-sink design. Conventional PI and PR controllers can achieve steady-state error adjustment, but are sensitive to parameter changes and model uncertainty, heavily relying on coordinate transformations and careful design of model parameters. Model predictive control (MPC) has the characteristics of simple design, good robustness, and excellent dynamic response; however, it encountered the complexity of adjusting weighting factors. This paper proposed circulating the current model predictive proportional integral control (MPPIC) method in abc reference frame. This hybrid control solution utilized the predictive model and traditional PI algorithm to combine the advantages of nonlinear and linear control. Compared with existing suppression methods, this method avoided complex mathematical operations and a selection of weight coefficients, was easy to implement, and can effectively suppress circulating currents under different modulation ratios. Simulations were conducted on MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. MPPIC can not only distinctly suppress the circulating currents, but also reduce the overall voltage fluctuation of sub-modules capacitors under different modulation ratios, and had almost no any adverse effect on the performance of MMC.
Soft Decision Decoding with Cyclic Information Set and the Decoder Architecture for Cyclic Codes
Authors: Chen Weigang , Zhao Tian , Han Changcai
Published: June 2023

The soft decision decoding algorithm for cyclic codes, especially the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm, can obtain significant performance superior to that of algebraic decoding, but the complexity is much higher. To deal with this problem, an improved soft decision decoding algorithm based on a cyclic information set and its efficient implementation architecture are proposed. This algorithm employs the property of the cyclic codes to generate a series of cyclic information sequences by circularly shifting, constructing the cyclic information set. Then, a limited number of candidate information sequences are efficiently generated using an iterative computation method, and the candidate codewords are generated using the very concise encoding method of the cyclic codes. Furthermore, the efficient hardware architecture based on systolic arrays is also proposed to generate candidate information sequences and to select the optimal candidate codewords. An emulation platform is constructed to verify the error correction performance and to determine the optimal decoder parameters. Emulation results indicate that, with appropriate parameter selection, the proposed decoding algorithm can achieve a bit error rate approaching the ML performance while maintaining low complexity.
Hybrid Energy Systems for Buildings: A Techno-Economic-Enviro Systematic Review
Authors: Nazari-Heris Morteza , Tamaskani Esfehankalateh Atefeh , Ifaei Pouya
Published: June 2023

Hybrid energy systems physically or conceptually combine various energy generation, storage, and/or conversion technologies to reduce costs and improve capability, value, efficiency, or environmental performance in comparison with independent alternatives. Hybridization is an interesting energy sector solution for plants to expand their flexibility, optimize revenues, and/or develop other useful products. Integrated hybrid energy systems’ improved flexibility can hasten the integration of more renewable energy into the grid and help become closer to the target of zero-carbon energy grids. This paper aims to provide an updated literature review of design and applications of hybrid energy systems in buildings, focusing on economic, environmental, and technical viewpoints. This current study will analyze current and future trends toward hybrid energy systems for buildings and their functions in electrical energy networks as potential research study topics for the future. This study aims to enhance sustainable building techniques and the creation of effective electrical energy networks by offering insights into the design and applications of hybrid energy systems. The methodology used in this study entails assessing present and potential trends, as well as looking at hybrid energy system uses and designs in buildings. The higher flexibility of integrated hybrid systems, which enables enhanced grid integration of renewables, is one of the key discoveries. The discussion of potential research study themes and conceivable applications resulting from this research forms the paper’s conclusion.
Water Chemistry Impact on Activated Corrosion Products: An Assessment on Tokamak Reactors
Authors: Molinari Martina , D’Onorio Matteo , Mariano Giovanni , Terranova Nicholas , Caruso Gianfranco
Published: June 2023

Activated Corrosion Product (ACP) formation and deposition pose a critical safety issue for nuclear fusion reactors. The working fluid transports the ACPs towards regions accessible by worker personnel, i.e., the steam generator. The code OSCAR-Fusion has been developed by the CEA (France) to evaluate the ACP generation and transport in closed water-cooled loops for fusion application. This work preliminary assesses the impact of water chemistry on the transport, precipitation, and deposition of corrosion products for the EU-DEMO divertor Plasma Facing Unit Primary Heat Transfer System. Sensitivity analyses and uncertainty quantification are needed due to the multi-physics phenomena involved in ACP formation and transport. The OSCAR-Fusion/RAVEN code coupling developed by the Sapienza University of Rome and ENEA are used. This work presents the perturbation results of different parameters chosen for a closed water-cooled loop considering a continuous scenario of 1888 days. The aim of this work is to preliminarily assess the variation of build-up of ACPs, perturbing the alkalizing agent concentration into the coolant, and the corrosion and release rates of different materials. The assessment of ACP formation deposition and transport is fundamental for source term identification, reduction of radiation exposure assessment, maintenance plan definition, design optimization, and waste management.
Shale Cuttings Addition to Wellbore Cement and Their Effect on Unconfined Compressive Strength
Authors: Cedola Alexandra , Nygaard Runar
Published: June 2023

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is becoming a significant factor in all industries. Cement manufacturing is one of the industries responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide emissions. Pozzolanic materials have long been used as cement additives due to the pozzolanic reaction that occurs when hydrated and the formation a cementitious material similar to that of cement. In this study, shale, which is a common component found in wellbore drill cuttings, was used in various sizes and quantities to determine the effect it had on the mechanical properties of wellbore cement. The unconfined compressive strength of the cement containing shale was compared to the cement without shale to observe the effect that both the quantity and particle size had on this property. SEM–EDS microscopy was also performed to understand any notable variations in the cement microstructure or composition. The samples containing micron shale appeared to have the best results of all the samples containing shale, and some of the samples had a higher UCS than one or more of the base case samples. Utilization of cuttings as a cement additive is not just beneficial in that it minimizes the need for cuttings removal and recycling, but also in that it reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with cement manufacturing.
Real Driving Cycle Simulation of a Hybrid Bus by Means of a Co-Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Performance and Emissions
Authors: Marinoni Andrea Massimo , Onorati Angelo , Manca Di Villahermosa Giacomo , Langridge Simon
Published: June 2023

This work is focused on the simulation of a complete hybrid bus vehicle model performing a real-world driving cycle. The simulation framework consists of a coupled co-simulation environment, where all the vehicle sub-system models are linked to achieve a real time exchange of input and output signals. In the vehicle model also the electric devices of the powertrain and accumulation system are included. This co-simulation platform is applied to investigate the hybridization of a 12-m city bus, performing a typical urban driving mission. A comparison between the conventional powertrain is performed against the hybridized version, to highlight the advantages and challenges. In particular, the novelty of this modeling approach is that the IC engine simulation does not rely on pre-processed look-up tables, but exploits a high-fidelity one-dimensional thermo-fluid dynamic model. However, it was necessary to develop a fast simulation methodology to exploit this predictive tool, achieving a low computational cost. The 1D engine model is first validated against the experimental engine map data available, showing a good model predictivity. Then the 1D engine model and the other models of the powertrain are coupled to the vehicle model, in order to follow the prescribed velocity profile of the driving cycle. The complete model is applied under different conditions, to evaluate the impact on performance and emissions and assess the simulation predictivity.
Towards Achieving Zero Carbon Targets in Building Retrofits: A Multi-Parameter Building Information Modeling (BIM) Approach Applied to a Case Study of a Thermal Bath
Authors: Forastiere Simone , Piselli Cristina , Pioppi Benedetta , Balocco Carla , Sciurpi Fabio , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: June 2023

As the urgency to mitigate climate change intensifies, the achievement of zero carbon targets in the built environment has become a critical objective. Building retrofitting plays a vital role in reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in existing buildings. This paper presents an approach that combines Building Information Modeling (BIM) with multiple domains to strive for zero carbon targets in building retrofit projects. The proposed approach is based on a dynamic multi-parameter analysis that integrates indoor comfort, energy savings, CO2eq reduction, and the social cost of carbon while considering investment costs. Renewable energy technologies, such as photovoltaic panels and solar thermal systems, are emphasized to achieve the desired zero-carbon outcomes. Real-time monitoring mechanisms enable continuous performance evaluation and adaptive retrofit strategies for further energy savings. This approach is validated through a case study of an existing thermal bath building, known as “Terme Lucane”, located in southern Italy. The results of the study demonstrate significant reductions in energy consumption and carbon emissions, highlighting the potential of the proposed approach to achieve zero carbon targets through the integration of multi-data BIM implementation. These findings offer a promising pathway for building retrofit projects aiming for zero carbon targets through multi-data BIM modeling.
Role of Local Governments in Green Deal Multilevel Governance: The Energy Context
Authors: Pūķis Māris , Bičevskis Jānis , Gendelis Staņislavs , Karnītis Edvīns , Karnītis Ģirts , Eihmanis Andris , Sarma Uģis
Published: June 2023

The sustainability of the climate is a global problem that requires the involvement of all levels of public governance and the private sector. Energy issues play a crucial role in the Green Deal (GD), and many of these issues are being addressed at the local government (LG) level. The division of competences within the framework of the GD among the European Union (EU), national governments, LGs, and the private sector has not been sufficiently discussed. Existing studies often neglect the specific role of LGs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the role of LGs aligns with the core principles of public governance, namely sustainability, solidarity, subsidiarity, and proportionality. The novelty of this study’s methodology lies in the comprehensive and integrated application of all four principles to assess the distribution of competences necessary to achieve global goals. The conclusion of the study demonstrates that, although the functionality and competences of LGs generally comply with these principles, the role of LGs as consultants to and co-legislators with national and EU authorities should be further discussed and expanded. Overall, this study highlights the importance of strengthening the role of LGs as valuable contributors to the governance process.
Impact of Global Supply Chain Crisis on Chinese Forest Product Enterprises: Trade Trends and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Qian , Ning Zhuo
Published: June 2023

The global supply chain crisis caused by COVID-19 and the trend of “anti-globalization” continuously impact international trade. As one of the central processing centers of global primary products, China’s forest product enterprises import raw materials and export manufactured products, which are vulnerable to the worldwide supply chain crisis. This article reviews research on the influence of the pandemic and the Sino–US trade war on the international trade of wooden products and China’s forestry enterprises that import raw timber materials and export wooden products. Furthermore, with the analysis of trade data, we found that China’s forest product enterprises are facing a shortage of wood materials and rising import prices. Regarding export, they face the problems of increased trade costs and fluctuating product demand. Moreover, the influence of the global supply chain crisis causes China’s trade diversion effect. This article comprehensively analyzes how the global supply chain crisis affects wood-based product enterprises and offers suggestions for further developing China’s forestry enterprises.
Urban Forest Recreation and Its Possible Role throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bamwesigye Dastan , Fialova Jitka , Kupec Petr , Yeboah Evans , Łukaszkiewicz Jan , Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz Beata , Botwina Jakub
Published: June 2023

Urban forests provide benefits in terms of the environment and society. Many people living in urban areas could profit from the recreational services provided by urban forests to alleviate the physical and psychological stresses caused by closure restrictions during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, limited research has been conducted on the role of forest recreation during the COVID-19 lockdown to support future policy decisions regarding such dramatic circumstances. The study aims to investigate the frequency of visitors in the reference Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny in Brno, Czech Republic, and to verify if the lockdown led to its intensified use, under the context of weather conditions. Data were collected using a Pyro Box Compact reader and TRAFx Infrared Trail Counter. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether individual weather factors significantly influenced the intensity of forest visitations before and during COVID-19. The number of visits in 2021 during the strict lockdown and post-lockdown periods was significantly higher during spring and autumn than in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The frequency pattern of forest users visibly changed in 2021, and the total number of visits was much higher, even though 2021 had worse weather than the reference years before the pandemic. The results show the recreational use and importance of the forest, especially during the pandemic. This work is a continuation of our previous research with regard to this area, which indicated the importance of forest recreational services for the well-being and health of city dwellers.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus of Davidia involucrata
Authors: Linghu Gaoman , Yu Zhaoyou , Li Meng , Wang Anqi , Kang Yongxiang
Published: June 2023

Davidia involucrata Baill. (D. involucrata), a rare and endangered wild plant, is native to China and is globally recognized as an ornamental tree species. However, D. involucrata exhibits inherent biological characteristics that contribute to its low reproductive efficiency. To address this challenge, somatic embryogenesis, a biotechnological method, offers numerous advantages, including enhanced reproductive efficiency, a large reproductive coefficient, and a complete structural composition. Consequently, somatic embryogenesis holds significant value in the propagation and genetic improvement of this particular tree species. In a previous study, we utilized immature zygotic embryos of D. involucrata as explants and induced somatic embryogenesis from embryogenic callus, thereby establishing a rapid propagation and plant regeneration scheme. In this study, we utilized Illumina RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomes of the embryogenic callus (EC) and non-embryogenic callus (NEC) of D. involucrata. The analysis revealed 131,109 unigenes assembled from EC and NEC, and 12,806 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. To verify the authenticity of the transcriptome sequencing results, qRT-PCR was performed and 16 DEGs were screened, with the stable reference gene UBQ being selected. Our analysis focused on genes related to plant growth regulators and somatic embryogenesis, such as the Aux, IAA, ARF, GH3, AHP, ARR, CYCD, BBM, WUS, GRF, SERK, and WOX gene families. We found that certain genes in these families were significantly upregulated in EC induction compared to NEC, indicating that they play crucial roles in D. involucrata cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell totipotency. These results offer new insights into the role of these gene families in EC, and may guide efforts to improve the somatic embryo induction, culture conditions, and genetic transformation efficiency of D. involucrata.
Increased Flux of Lipid Metabolism Enhances Bioethanol Fermentability and Inhibitor Tolerance of Xylose-Utilizing Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Hu Junyi , Wang William , Zhang Feifei , Jiang Xuequan , Peng Lida , Fang Yichao , Wang Haoyong
Published: June 2023

The microbial production of fuel ethanol is an attractive and sustainable biotechnological approach. This study presents a metabolic engineering strategy of Zymomonas mobilis aimed at coproducing bioethanol and fatty acids. The increased flux of fatty acids stabilizes the cell membrane and thus counteracts the progressively higher ethanol toxicity. In a glucose medium, the highest ethanol titer achieved was 146.7 g/kg of broth, surpassing the wild-type Z. mobilis CP4 and angel yeast by 30% and 45%, respectively. The recombinant strain exhibited a total fatty acid titer of 0.4 g/L from 230 g/L total sugar solution (5 L bioreactor), representing a 12-fold increase compared to the wild-type Z. mobilis CP4. Furthermore, when using a 4:2:1 mixture of glucose: xylose: mannose (w/v), an ethanol concentration of 142.8 g/kg of broth was attained, only 2.66% lower than that of the glucose-only medium. These findings highlight the enormous potential of this genetically engineered strain for the sustainable production of ethanol and fatty acids from lignocellulosic renewable carbon sources.
Recent Achievements in Development of Chalcogenide Optical Fibers for Mid-IR Sensing
Authors: Shiryaev Vladimir S. , Velmuzhov Alexander P. , Kotereva Tatiana V. , Tyurina Elizaveta A. , Sukhanov Maksim V. , Karaksina Ella V.
Published: June 2023

Recent results of research of passive and active optical waveguides made of high-purity chalcogenide glasses for middle infrared fiberoptic evanescent wave spectroscopy of liquid and gaseous substances are presented. On the basis of selenide and telluride glass fibers, novel types of highly sensitive fiber probes are developed. On the basis of Pr(3+)- and Tb(3+)-doped Ga(In)-Ge-As-Se and Ga-Ge-Sb-Se glass fibers, the 4.2–6 μm wavelength radiation sources are created for all-fiber sensor systems. Successful testing of chalcogenide glass fiber sensors for the analysis of some liquid and gaseous mixtures was carried out.
Byproducts of Sesame Oil Extraction: Composition, Function, and Comprehensive Utilization
Authors: Wan Yuan , Zhou Qiaoyun , Zhao Mengge , Hou Tao
Published: June 2023

Sesame is principally used to generate oil, which is produced by chemical refining or pressing. Sesame meal, as a main byproduct of sesame oil extraction, is usually discarded, causing resource waste and economic loss. Sesame meal is rich in sesame protein and three types of sesame lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol). Sesame protein extracted via a physical method and an enzymic method has balanced amino acid composition and is an important protein source, and thus it is often added to animal feed and used as a human dietary supplement. Extracted sesame lignan exhibits multiple biological activities such as antihypertensive, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering activities, and therefore it is used to improve the oxidative stability of oils. This review summarizes the extraction methods, functional activities, and comprehensive utilization of four active substances (sesame protein, sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) in sesame meal with the aim to provide theoretical guidance for the maximum utilization of sesame meal.
Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Natural-Style Green Table Olives from the Gordal, Hojiblanca and Manzanilla Cultivars
Authors: Ruiz-Barba José Luis , Sánchez Antonio Higinio , López-López Antonio , Cortés-Delgado Amparo , Montaño Alfredo
Published: June 2023

Microbial and biochemical changes in the brine during the spontaneous fermentation of Gordal, Hojiblanca and Manzanilla olive cultivars processed according to the natural style were monitored. The microbial composition was assessed through a metagenomic study. Sugars, ethanol, glycerol, organic acids and phenolic compounds were quantified by standard methods. In addition, the volatile profiles, contents of phenolic compounds in the olives and quality parameters of the final products were compared. Fermentation in Gordal brines was conducted by lactic acid bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus and Pediococcus) and yeasts (mainly Candida boidinii, Candida tropicalis and Wickerhamomyces anomalus). In Hojiblanca and Manzanilla brines, halophilic Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Halomonas, Allidiomarina and Marinobacter) along with yeasts (mainly, Saccharomyces) were responsible for the fermentation. Higher acidity and lower pH values were reached in Gordal brines compared to Hojiblanca and Manzanilla. After 30 days of fermentation, no sugars were detected in Gordal brine, but residual amounts were found in the brines from Hojiblanca (<0.2 g/L glucose) and Manzanilla (2.9 g/L glucose and 0.2 g/L fructose). Lactic acid was the main acid product in Gordal fermentation, whereas citric acid was the predominant organic acid in the Hojiblanca and Manzanilla brines. Manzanilla brine samples showed a greater concentration of phenolic compounds than Hojiblanca and Gordal brines. After a 6-month fermentation, Gordal olives were superior compared to the Hojiblanca and Manzanilla varieties regarding product safety (lower final pH and absence of Enterobacteriaceae), content of volatile compounds (richer aroma), content of bitter phenolics (lower content of oleuropein, which resulted in less perceived bitterness) and color parameters (more yellow and lighter color, indicating a higher visual appraisal). The results of the present study will contribute to a better understanding of each fermentation process and could help to promote natural-style elaborations using the above-mentioned olive cultivars.
Spent Coffee Grounds as an Adsorbent for Malathion and Chlorpyrifos—Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Eco-Neurotoxicity
Authors: Milanković Vedran , Tasić Tamara , Pejčić Milica , Pašti Igor , Lazarević-Pašti Tamara
Published: June 2023

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages, with around 10.5 million tons manufactured annually. The same amount of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) might harm the environment if disposed of carelessly. On the other hand, pesticide contamination in food and biowaste is a rising problem. Because pesticides are hazardous and can cause serious health consequences, it is critical to understand how they interact with food biowaste materials. However, it is also a question if biowaste can be used to remediate rising pesticide residues in the environment. This study investigated the interactions of SCGs with the organophosphate pesticides malathion (MLT) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) and addressed the possibility of using SCGs as adsorbents for the removal of these pesticides from water and fruit extracts. The kinetics of MLT and CHP adsorption on SCGs fits well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model best describes the adsorption process, giving the maximal adsorption capacity for MLT as 7.16 mg g−1 and 7.00 mg g−1 for CHP. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, it can be deduced that MLT adsorption on SCGs is exothermic, while CHP adsorption is an endothermic process. The adsorption efficiency of MLT and CHP using SCGs in a complicated matrix of fruit extracts remained constant. The neurotoxicity results showed that no more toxic products were formed during adsorption, indicating that SCGs are a safe-to-use adsorbent for pesticide removal in water and fruit extracts.
Glucosinolate Diversity Analysis in Choy Sum (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis) Germplasms for Functional Food Breeding
Authors: Kim Seong-Hoon , Subramanian Parthiban , Hahn Bum-Soo
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze glucosinolates (GSLs) in germplasm that are currently conserved at the RDA-Genebank. The analysis focused on the glucosinolate diversity among the analyzed germplasms, with the goal of identifying those that would be most useful for future breeding efforts to produce nutritionally rich Choy sum plants. In total, 23 accessions of Choy sums that possessed ample background passport information were selected. On analyzing the glucosinolate content for 17 different glucosinolates, we observed aliphatic GSLs to be the most common (89.45%) and aromatic GSLs to be the least common (6.94%) of the total glucosinolates detected. Among the highly represented aliphatic GSLs, gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin were found to contribute the most (>20%), and sinalbin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphasatin, and glucoiberin were detected the least (less than 0.05%). We identified one of the accessions, IT228140, to synthesize high quantities of glucobrassicanapin and progoitrin, which have been reported to contain several therapeutic applications. These conserved germplasms are potential bioresources for breeders, and the availability of information, including therapeutically important glucosinolate content, can help produce plant varieties that can naturally impact public health.
Dynamical Analysis of the Incommensurate Fractional-Order Hopfield Neural Network System and Its Digital Circuit Realization
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Yuru , Chu Ran
Published: June 2023

Dynamical analysis of the incommensurate fractional-order neural network is a novel topic in the field of chaos research. This article investigates a Hopfield neural network (HNN) system in view of incommensurate fractional orders. Using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) algorithm, the solution of the incommensurate fractional-order Hopfield neural network (FOHNN) system is solved. The equilibrium point of the system is discussed, and the dissipative characteristics are verified and discussed. By varying the order values of the proposed system, different dynamical behaviors of the incommensurate FOHNN system are explored and discussed via bifurcation diagrams, the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, complexity, etc. Finally, using the DSP platform to implement the system, the results are in good agreement with those of the simulation. The actual results indicate that the system shows many complex and interesting phenomena, such as attractor coexistence and an inversion property, with dynamic changes of the order of q0, q1, and q2. These phenomena provide important insights for simulating complex neural system states in pathological conditions and provide the theoretical basis for the later study of incommensurate fractional-order neural network systems.