bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Wetting Behavior of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays With Perfluorinated Surface Functionalization
Authors: Farsinezhad Samira , Waghmare Prashant , Wiltshire Benjamin D. , Amiri Saeid , Mitra Sushanta K. , Shankar Karthik
Published: February 2016

A facile electrochemical anodization method was used for producing hierarchically textured surfaces based on TiO2 nanotubes in two different configurations. It was found that perfluoro-functionalized TiO2 nanotubes exhibit high static contact angles for a variety of liquids such as apolar, polar aprotic and polar protic solvents. Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter theories were applied for theoretical contact angle calculations for the present study. By using Cassie theories, it is shown that a drop of polar liquid was in a fakir or Cassie-Baxter (CB) state on perfluoro-functionalized nanotube surfaces. The fakir state prevents spreading of the liquid on the surface. On the other hand, the wetting of non-polar liquids such as hexane is characterized by either Wenzel states or transition states characterized by partial imbibition that lie in between the CB and Wenzel states.
Applicability of Precracked Charpy Specimens for Determining Fatigue Crack Growth and J-R Properties: Experiments and Assessment of K and J Dominance
Authors: Donato Gustavo Henrique B. , Moço Rodrygo Figueiredo , Merlo Tatiane Rossi
Published: February 2016

Structural integrity assessments regarding Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) and fracture phenomena are based on fracture mechanics theoretical background and rely upon the notion that a single parameter (usually K or J, respectively for linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics) characterizes the crack-tip stress fields and controls local damage. However, the validity of K/J as crack-tip driving forces representative of local stress fields is only achieved if SSY (Small Scale Yielding) conditions prevail. It means that plasticity ahead of the crack must be small. Current standards (e.g.: ASTM E399, E1820, E647, ISO 12135) impose severe geometrical restrictions for the specimens (minimum thicknesses and crack depths) looking for plane strain (high constraint) conditions and therefore K and J-dominance. The main challenge is that thicknesses and/or planar dimensions of current real structures made of high toughness structural steels are in several cases not enough for the extraction of “valid” C(T), SE(B) or SE(T) specimens. In this context, subsized specimens are of great interest. As an example, Charpy geometries have been investigated during the last decades. This work is concerned about testing high structural steels and investigates the applicability of fatigue-precracked Charpy specimens for determining FCG (da/dN vs. ΔK) and J-R curves. The main issues are: i) verify the feasibility of the experiments in a servohydraulic machine in terms of scatter, control and repeatability; ii) quantify the validity limits of K and J for such reduced geometries. Samples had notches machined by EDM and were precracked reaching a/W=0.25 and a/W=0.45. FCG and J-R tests were successfully conducted with repeatability and refined 3D non-linear FE models were developed to provide compliance solutions and verify K and J dominance. Consequently, mechanical properties from subsized samples could be obtained and compared to data obtained from standardized C(T) specimens made of the same steel. The applicability of precracked Charpy geometry could be investigated, motivating further investigations in the field.
Real Scale Simulation of Ballistic Tests for Multi-Layer Fabric Body Armors
Authors: Dippolito Mario , Wang Youqi , Ma Ying , Yen Chian-Fong , Zheng James Q. , Halls Virginia
Published: February 2016

The bottle-neck issues to resolve for numerical simulation of real scale ballistic tests of fabric body armors are computer capacity limitation and prohibitive computational cost. It is not realistic to use micro-level computer simulations for an open end design process. Most numerical simulations are only applicable for small scale parametric analyses, which could facilitate apprehension of fabric failure mechanisms during ballistic impact, but not applicable for the design process.

In this paper, a sub-yarn model, the digital element approach, is applied to simulate real scale ballistic tests for soft body armors. In this approach, a yarn is discretized into multiple digital fibers and each fiber is discretized into many digital elements. In order to improve efficiency, two hybrid element mesh concepts are investigated: area based hybrid mesh and yarn based hybrid mesh.

The area based hybrid mesh procedure is similar to one utilized in the conventional finite element approach. A fine element mesh is adopted in the area near the impact center; a course element mesh in the area far away. However, numerical simulation results show that the stress wave travels along the principal yarns at the speed of sound immediately after ballistic impact. High yarn stress develops quickly from the impact center to a distance along the principal yarn. As such, the area based hybrid mesh approach fails to obtain improved computer efficiency without loss of accuracy.

Because the high stress only develops within principal yarns after a ballistic impact, a yarn based hybrid element mesh procedure is adopted. In this procedure, only principal yarns and yarns near principal yarns are discretized into fine digital fibers; other yarns are discretized into coarse digital fibers. Because only a few principal yarns resist load in a typical ballistic impact, the yarn based hybrid technique could improve simulation efficiency up to 90–95% without sacrificing accuracy.

A numerical tool is then developed to generate fabric with a yarn based hybrid mesh. Accuracy of the approach is analyzed. The hybrid mesh technique is applied to simulate real scale ballistic tests of ballistic armors made of 4 to 20 piles of 2-D plain woven fabrics. Numerical results are compared to real scale standard ballistic results.
Nonlinear Deformations of Cantilever Beams With Piezoelectric Patches
Authors: Tajeddini Vahid , Muliana Anastasia
Published: February 2016

One of the common structures of smart compliant systems is in the form of slender beams, which have the ability of undergoing large deformations due to non-mechanical stimuli. In this study, large deformations of cantilever beams having piezoelectric patches are investigated. The nonlinear kinematics relation of finite beams reported by Reissner (1972) is adopted. The electric field inputs are applied through the thickness of the piezoelectric patches in order to induce curvature changes. Analytical solutions of the governing equations of the deformations of the electro-active beams under actuation of arbitrary number of patches are presented.
Micro-Textured Surfaces With Parallel Wall-Like Structures: ‘Modulation’ of Adhesion Properties With the Direction of the Applied External Moment
Authors: Afferrante L. , Carbone G. , Grimaldi G. , Demelio G.
Published: February 2016

The aim of the present work is to investigate the adhesive properties of a biomimetic micro-structured surface with strongly direction-dependent adhesion properties. The system is constituted by parallel elastic wall-like structures topped with a thin film. The micro-walls are assumed in perfect contact with a rigid substrate and the adhesive interaction is modeled by considering full adhesion. In a previous work of the authors, it is shown that this geometry, when loaded with an external moment acting perpendicularly to the walls direction, enhances the adhesive properties with respect to a simple flat surface as a result of its crack trapping behavior.

In the present paper we investigate what happens when the crack propagates with a generic angle with respect to the walls, in order to determine the variation of the critical conditions for detachment with the direction of the applied moment. Results show that the crack trapping can occur only when the crack propagates perpendicularly to the walls. In all the other cases, the system compliance linearly increases with the crack length. As a result, the energy release rate at the crack tip is constant during the crack propagation and the crack trapping phenomenon cannot occur.
ONC201 kills solid tumor cells by triggering an integrated stress response dependent on ATF4 activation by specific eIF2α kinases
Authors: Kline C. Leah B. , Van den Heuvel A. Pieter J. , Allen Joshua E. , Prabhu Varun V. , Dicker David T. , El-Deiry Wafik S.
Published: February 2016

ONC201 triggers an apoptotic cellular stress response in both solid and blood tumors.
ATF4 induction through an atypical integrated stress response to ONC201 triggers p53-independent apoptosis in hematological malignancies
Authors: Ishizawa Jo , Kojima Kensuke , Chachad Dhruv , Ruvolo Peter , Ruvolo Vivian , Jacamo Rodrigo O. , Borthakur Gautam , Mu Hong , Zeng Zhihong , Tabe Yoko , Allen Joshua E. , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Wencai , Lee Hans C. , Orlowski Robert , Sarbassov Dos D. , Lorenzi Philip L. , Huang Xuelin , Neelapu Sattva S. , McDonnell Timothy , Miranda Roberto N. , Wang Michael , Kantarjian Hagop , Konopleva Marina , Davis R. Eric. , Andreeff Michael
Published: February 2016

ONC201 triggers an apoptotic cellular stress response in both solid and blood tumors.
TGF-β inhibits the activation and functions of NK cells by repressing the mTOR pathway
Authors: Viel Sébastien , Marçais Antoine , Guimaraes Fernando Souza-Fonseca , Loftus Roisin , Rabilloud Jessica , Grau Morgan , Degouve Sophie , Djebali Sophia , Sanlaville Amélien , Charrier Emily , Bienvenu Jacques , Marie Julien C. , Caux Christophe , Marvel Jacqueline , Town Liam , Huntington Nicholas D. , Bartholin Laurent , Finlay David , Smyth Mark J. , Walzer Thierry
Published: February 2016

Blocking TGF-β signaling in natural killer cells enhances their metabolism and ability to kill tumor cells.
Pregnancy tumour of the external auditory canal: treatment in clinic
Authors: Dick David Crawford , Elliott Kelly , Napier Seamus , Adair Robin
Published: February 2016

We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with a symptomatic lobular capillary haemangioma (pregnancy tumour) arising from the external ear canal. A literature review shows this to be an uncommon lesion in a rare location. The lesion was successfully diagnosed and treated in clinic with complete resolution and no recurrence.
Restudy of the Llandovery conodont biostratigraphy in the Xiushan area, Chongqing City, China
Authors: Chen Zhongyang , Wang Chengyuan , Fan Ru
Published: February 2016

Previous studies of conodonts suggested that the upper member of the Xiushan Formation (late Llandovery) corresponds to the Pterospathodus eopennatus Superbiozone, but no data were obtained from the lower member in the Xiushan area. In this study, the entire Xiushan Formation was resampled from the Datianba section in the Xiushan area of Chongqing City on the Yangtze Platform in South China. In total, 40 samples were collected and processed. Fifteen of these samples contained identifiable conodont specimens. The present study indicates that the lower member and main part of the upper member of the Xiushan Formation correspond to the Pterospathodus eopennatus Superbiozone, while the top of the upper member probably correlates with the Pterospathodus celloni Superbiozone.
Dynamics of Dollard asymptotic variables. Asymptotic fields in Coulomb scattering
Authors: Morchio G. , Strocchi F.
Published: February 2016

Generalizing Dollard’s strategy, we investigate the structure of the scattering theory associated to any large time reference dynamics [Formula: see text] allowing for the existence of Møller operators. We show that (for each scattering channel) [Formula: see text] uniquely identifies, for [Formula: see text], asymptotic dynamics [Formula: see text]; they are unitary groups acting on the scattering spaces, satisfy the Møller interpolation formulas and are interpolated by the [Formula: see text]-matrix. In view of the application to field theory models, we extend the result to the adiabatic procedure. In the Heisenberg picture, asymptotic variables are obtained as LSZ-like limits of Heisenberg variables; their time evolution is induced by [Formula: see text], which replace the usual free asymptotic dynamics. On the asymptotic states, (for each channel) the Hamiltonian can by written in terms of the asymptotic variables as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] the generator of the asymptotic dynamics. As an application, we obtain the asymptotic fields [Formula: see text] in repulsive Coulomb scattering by an LSZ modified formula; in this case, [Formula: see text], so that [Formula: see text] are free canonical fields and [Formula: see text].
Cleft extensions and Galois extensions for Hom-associative algebras
Authors: Alonso Álvarez J. N. , Fernández Vilaboa J. M. , González Rodríguez R.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we consider Hom-(co)modules associated to a Hom-(co)associative algebra and define the notion of Hom-triple. We introduce the definitions of cleft extension and Galois extension with normal basis in this setting and we show that, as in the classical case, these notions are equivalent in the Hom setting.
Consistent evolution in a pedestrian flow
Authors: Guan Junbiao , Wang Kaihua
Published: February 2016

In this paper, pedestrian evacuation considering different human behaviors is studied by using a cellular automaton (CA) model combined with the snowdrift game theory. The evacuees are divided into two types, i.e. cooperators and defectors, and two different human behaviors, herding behavior and independent behavior, are investigated. It is found from a large amount of numerical simulations that the ratios of the corresponding evacuee clusters are evolved to consistent states despite 11 typically different initial conditions, which may largely owe to self-organization effect. Moreover, an appropriate proportion of initial defectors who are of herding behavior, coupled with an appropriate proportion of initial defectors who are of rationally independent thinking, are two necessary factors for short evacuation time.
Emergence of bi-cluster flocking for the Cucker–Smale model
Authors: Cho Junghee , Ha Seung-Yeal , Huang Feimin , Jin Chunyin , Ko Dongnam
Published: February 2016

We present the mathematical analysis of bi-cluster flocking phenomenon for the short-ranged Cucker–Smale model with some well-prepared initial data. For this, we derive a system of differential inequalities for the functionals measuring the local spatial and velocity fluctuations and differences of local velocity averages, and then estimate the upper bound of spatial fluctuations and the lower bound of the difference between local velocity averages. We explicitly present an admissible class of initial configurations leading to the asymptotic emergence of bi-cluster flocking phenomenon. Unlike global flocking (a mono-cluster flocking configuration in velocity), where the convergence rate is always exponential, the asymptotic convergence to bi-cluster flocking configurations is affected by the far-field decay rate of communication weights so that it can be algebraic.
Fast Frequency-Domain Forward and Inverse Methods for Acoustic Scattering from Inhomogeneous Objects in Layered Media
Authors: Li Jing He , Liu Qing Huo
Published: February 2016

The fast scattering and inverse scattering algorithms for acoustic wave propagation and scattering in a layered medium with buried objects are an important research topic, especially for large-scale geophysical applications and for target detection. There have been increasing efforts in the development of practical, accurate, and efficient means of imaging subsurface target anomalies. In this work, the acoustic scattering problem in layered media is formulated as a volume integral equation and is solved by the stabilized bi-conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) method. By splitting the layered medium Green’s function interacting with the induced source into a convolution and a correlation, the acoustic fields can be calculated efficiently by the FFT algorithm. This allows both the forward solution and inverse solution to be computed with only [Formula: see text] computation time per iteration, where [Formula: see text] is the number of degrees of freedom. The inverse scattering is solved using a simultaneous multiple frequency contrast source inversion (CSI). The stable convergence of this inversion process makes the multiple frequency simultaneous CSI reconstruction practical for large acoustic problems. Some representative examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the forward and inverse solvers for acoustic applications.
Euro White and Euro Yolk: Sovereign Debt Structure Stability in the Eurozone
Authors: Joliet Robert , Nessah Rabia
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we derive a cost-minimizing approach for governments in the eurozone that have to define their debt structure in terms of currency of issuance and maturity. We introduce and characterize the concept of weighted coalitional [Formula: see text]-equilibrium to assure stability of two tiers of the eurozone, the stronger (White) countries and the weaker (Yolk) countries. The equilibrium presents both the Pareto optimality of the countries in each tier and the stability against any deviation of each subcoalition. In a practical way, it would require either strong political integration within each tier or considerable market pressure.
Texas Hold’em: A Game of Skill
Authors: van der Genugten Ben , Borm Peter
Published: February 2016

The methodology of relative skill, by means of a detailed mathematical analysis of realistic approximations of Texas Hold’em cash games and tournaments as provided in van der Genugten and Borm [2012], and Borm and van der Genugten [2009] respectively, reconfirms the findings of the court in The Hague (cf. [Rechtbank Gravenhage [2011]) that Texas Hold’em in all its practical variants is a game of skill.
How Risky is it to Deviate from Nash Equilibrium?
Authors: Nowik Irit
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this work is to offer for each player and any Nash equilibrium (NE), a measure for the potential risk in deviating from the NE strategy in any two person matrix game. We present two approaches regarding the nature of deviations: Strategic and Accidental. Accordingly, we define two models: S-model and T-model. The S-model defines a new game in which players deviate in the least dangerous direction. The risk defined in the T-model can serve as a refinement for the notion of “trembling hand perfect equilibrium” introduced by R. Selten. The risk measures enable testing and evaluating predictions on the behavior of players. For example: do players deviate more from a NE that is less risky? This may be relevant to the design of experiments. We present an Integer programming problem that computes the risk for any given player and NE. In the special case of zero-sum games with a unique strictly mixed NE, we prove that the risks of the players always coincide, even if the game is far from symmetry. This result holds for any norm we use for the size of deviations. We compare our risk measures to the risk measure defined by Harsanyi and Selten which is based on criteria of stability rather than on potential damage. We show that the measures may contradict.
Differential equations and logarithmic intertwining operators for strongly graded vertex algebras
Authors: Yang Jinwei
Published: February 2016

We derive certain systems of differential equations for matrix elements of products and iterates of logarithmic intertwining operators among strongly graded generalized modules for a strongly graded vertex algebra under a certain finiteness condition and a condition related to the horizontal gradings. Using these systems of differential equations, we verify the convergence and extension property needed in the logarithmic tensor category theory for such strongly graded generalized modules developed by Huang, Lepowsky and Zhang.
Comparison principle for elliptic equations in divergence with singular lower order terms having natural growth
Authors: Arcoya David , Carmona José , Martínez-Aparicio Pedro J.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we are concerned with the zero Dirichlet boundary value problem associated to the quasilinear elliptic equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an open and bounded set in [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text] is a continuously differentiable real function in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is an elliptic, bounded and symmetric matrix, [Formula: see text] is non-negative and may be singular at zero and [Formula: see text]. We give sufficient conditions on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in order to have a comparison principle and, as a consequence, uniqueness of positive solutions being continuous up to the boundary.
Degree of reductivity of a modular representation
Authors: Kohls Martin , Sezer Müfi̇t
Published: February 2016

For a finite-dimensional representation [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text], the degree of reductivity [Formula: see text] is the smallest degree [Formula: see text] such that every nonzero fixed point [Formula: see text] can be separated from zero by a homogeneous invariant of degree at most [Formula: see text]. We compute [Formula: see text] explicitly for several classes of modular groups and representations. We also demonstrate that the maximal size of a cyclic subgroup is a sharp lower bound for this number in the case of modular abelian [Formula: see text]-groups.
Existence of random invariant periodic curves via random semiuniform ergodic theorem
Authors: Uda Kenneth
Published: February 2016

We employ an extension of ergodic theory to the random setting to investigate the existence of random periodic solutions of random dynamical systems. Given that a random dynamical system on a cylinder [Formula: see text] has a dissipative structure, we proved that a random invariant compact set can be expressed as a union of finite of number of random periodic curves. The idea in this paper is closely related to the work recently considered by Zhao and Zheng [46].
A note on the multiplicity and final Betti number of a level algebra
Authors: Shirmohammadi N.
Published: February 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a polynomial ring over a field [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a Cohen–Macaulay level algebra where [Formula: see text] is a graded ideal. In this paper, as a comparison of multiplicity and final Betti number of [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], the inequality [Formula: see text] is obtained.
Orthonormal wavelet basis with arbitrary real dilation factor
Authors: Toda Hiroshi , Zhang Zhong
Published: February 2016

Daubechies posed the following problem in Ten Lectures on Wavelets (SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1992): “It is an open question whether there exist orthonormal wavelet bases (not necessarily associated with a multiresolution analysis), with good time-frequency localization, and with irrational [Formula: see text]” (that is, for an arbitrary irrational dilation factor [Formula: see text], with appropriate wavelet function [Formula: see text] and constant [Formula: see text], whether can [Formula: see text] construct an orthonormal wavelet basis with good time-frequency localization?). Our answer is “Yes”. In this paper, we introduce a new type of orthonormal wavelet basis having an arbitrary real dilation factor greater than 1. This orthonormal wavelet basis requires an infinite number of wavelet shapes when its dilation factor is irrational.
On the Heisenberg algebra in Bargmann–Fock space with natural cutoffs
Authors: Nozari K. , Roushan M.
Published: February 2016

We construct a generalized Hilbert space representation of quantum mechanics in [Formula: see text]-dimensions based on Bargmann–Fock space with natural cutoffs as a minimal length, minimal momentum and maximal momentum in order to have a general framework for Heisenberg algebra in Bargmann–Fock space.
Preparation and Optical Properties of TiO2 Film with a Nest-Like Structure by Three Times of Circulating Hydrothermal Method
Authors: He Quangui , Zhuang Jia , Wen Qiuxiang , Deng Yang , Yu Jun , Li Haimin
Published: February 2016

An anatase TiO2 photoanode with a novel three-dimensional nest-like structure was prepared directly on a transparent conductive glass substrate through hydrothermal cycles by three times. First, an unidirectional banded structure film was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. And then, with the time of hydrothermal cycle increased, part of nanobelts were ruptured into a lot of small polyhedrons, but they still maintained a trend of the previous connection, and some fine nanobelts were interweaved in small polyhedrons. Finally, we successfully prepared a film with a novel 3D nest-like structure, and it had all the characteristics of the hierarchitectures. It had better photoelectric properties than the film with fewer times of hydrothermal cycle. Its photoelectric conversion efficiency reached 3.81%, which is due to a large dye adsorption amount, rapid electronic transmission, and superior light scattering and more electrons transmission paths.
First Principles Study of Structural and Electronic Properties of Pentagonal and Hexagonal Noble Metal Nanowires
Authors: Fu Zhi-Jian , Jia Li-Jun , Xia Ji-Hong , Ruan Hai-Bo , Tang Ke , Pu Yong , Zeng Zhao-Yi , Tang Dian-Yong , Kong Bo , Chen Qi-Feng
Published: February 2016

The equilibrium structure and electronic properties of four ultrathin free-standing pentagonal and hexagonal noble metal nanowires, that is, copper nanowires (CuNWs), silver nanowires (AgNWs), gold nanowires (AuNWs) and platinum nanowires (PtNWs), have been studied comprehensively by adopting a first-principles simulation based on the density-functional theory. The staggered topologies are more stable than the eclipsed ones by analyzing the bonding energy. The staggered ones with a linear atom chain in the center of the pentagonal or hexagons topologies are the preferred structures for CuNWs and AgNWs, but the staggered ones without a linear atom chain in the center of the pentagon or hexagon are the preferred structures for AuNWs and PtNWs due to the increasing core–core repulsions. The calculated electronic band structures and density of states present that all the noble metal nanowires are metallic. The projected densities of states (PDOS) of dominant d-states and the charge density show that the narrower d-state moved to the Fermi energy and metallic bonding character for all the noble metal nanowires.
A real-time artifact reduction algorithm based on precise threshold during short-separation optical probe insertion in neurosurgery
Authors: Li Weitao , Liu Yangyang , Liu Yubing , Jiang Yingxu , Qian Zhiyu
Published: February 2016

During neurosurgery, an optical probe has been used to guide the micro-electrode, which is punctured into the globus pallidus (GP) to create a lesion that can relieve the cardinal symptoms. Accurate target localization is the key factor to affect the treatment. However, considering the scattering nature of the tissue, the “look ahead distance (LAD)” of optical probe makes the boundary between the different tissues blurred and difficult to be distinguished, which is defined as artifact. Thus, it is highly desirable to reduce the artifact caused by LAD. In this paper, a real-time algorithm based on precise threshold was proposed to eliminate the artifact. The value of the threshold was determined by the maximum error of the measurement system during the calibration procession automatically. Then, the measured data was processed sequentially only based on the threshold and the former data. Moreover, 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m double-fiber probe and two-layer and multi-layer phantom models were utilized to validate the precision of the algorithm. The error of the algorithm is one puncture step, which was proved in the theory and experiment. It was concluded that the present method could reduce the artifact caused by LAD and make the real boundary sharper and less blurred in real-time. It might be potentially used for the neurosurgery navigation.
Inverse min-max spanning r-arborescence problem under the weighted sum-type Hamming distance
Authors: Mohaghegh M. , Baroughi Bonab F.
Published: February 2016

The inverse min-max spanning [Formula: see text]-arborescence problem under the weighted sum-type Hamming distance on graphs is to modify the edge cost vector with respect to given modification bounds such that a given spanning [Formula: see text]-arborescence becomes a min-max spanning [Formula: see text]-arborescence and the total modification cost under the sum-type Hamming distance for all edges is minimized. It is shown that the problem is solvable in strongly polynomial time.
A new algorithm for enumerating all possible Sudoku squares
Authors: Mishra Pallavi , Gupta D. K. , Badoni Rakesh P.
Published: February 2016

Sudoku is an interesting number placement puzzle with some simple rules. For some positive integer [Formula: see text], the puzzle involves an [Formula: see text] grid partitioned into [Formula: see text] distinct blocks each of size [Formula: see text] such that the integers [Formula: see text] through [Formula: see text] appear exactly once in each row, each column and each block of the grid. Often some static numbers known as givens are placed according to the difficulty rating in the puzzle and then the rule is to place the numbers from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] in the partially filled grid such that the conditions of the puzzle are satisfied. The aim of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for enumerating all possible Sudoku squares of size [Formula: see text]. It is based on the concepts of permutations derived from [Formula: see text] S-permutation matrices termed as S-permutations. There is a one-to-one correspondence between Sudoku squares and the set of those S-permutation matrices which are mutually disjoint to each other. The proposed algorithm uses the set of all S-permutations generated by some permutation generation algorithm as input and then enumerates all the subsets of cardinality [Formula: see text] of all S-permutations which are mutually disjoint to each other. The correctness of the algorithm is established. Its worst-case time complexity is O[Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. A mathematical formula involving the total number of the sets of [Formula: see text] mutually disjoint S-permutations is also derived. Experimentally, the proposed algorithm is verified for the Sudoku squares of size [Formula: see text]. It is observed that our algorithm is more systematic and better in terms of computational efficiency.
An agent-supported approach for the collaborative design of complex systems
Authors: Hammadi Moncef , Guizani Amir , Choley Jean-Yves , Kellner Andreas , Hehenberger Peter
Published: February 2016

A novel approach for partitioning and coordinating the collaborative design optimization of complex systems is described. A partitioning metric has been formulated to select the best partitioning solutions among the total possibilities of dividing the complex design optimization problem. Then, an agent-supported approach is used for the coordination of the collaborative design optimization. The approach has been applied to the case of a preliminary design of an electric vehicle, to demonstrate how various agents can effectively communicate with each other to provide support to the collaborative design optimization of complex systems.
Numerical analysis of non-isothermal viscous jet with peripheral heat transfer
Authors: Chatterjee Sulagna , Sen Trisha , Mitra Anindya
Published: February 2016

A fluid jet ejected from micron size nozzle is a commonly occurring phenomenon in biomedical engineering, printing technology and micro-fluidic applications. Disintegration of a jet into drops occurs due to disturbances induced by external sources. This work explores the various sources of perturbation and their effect on jet disintegration through numerical simulation of a two-dimensional non-isothermal model. The mathematical approach uses a novel technique to combine analytical solutions for the energy balance equation in the radial direction to solve the complete two dimensional problem. The two dimensional energy balance equation is simultaneously solved together with the axi-symmetric Navier–Stokes equations using the slender-jet approximation to predict jet velocity. The energy balance takes into account of peripheral heat transfer to the environment through analytical expressions derived from radial approximations. The model helps in understanding the factors in dynamic temperature variations that eventually render the jet unstable. The distinguishing aspect of this work is the analysis of the effect of a periodic thermal perturbation applied at any point in the domain of a progressive jet, a situation typically encountered in thermal inkjet printers and not considered previously. Results presented for non-isothermal jets which are both stationary and moving illustrate the effect of jet velocity in propagation of perturbation and subsequent drop formation. The major contribution of this numerical study is that it provides an insight on novel ways of controlling droplet formation in bubble jet printers. This study demonstrates that thermal disturbance propagating from periodic heating can be manipulated to shape the droplets and control their breakage point along the jet.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a 2D MEMS Micromirror with Sidewall Electrodes
Authors: Liu Ping , Sun Weijie , Sun Zhendong
Published: February 2016

This study proposes the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for a second degree of freedom (2D) electrostatic torsional micromirror with sidewall electrodes. The main idea is to use the linear extended state observer (LESO) to estimate the external disturbance and the angular velocity of the micromirror, and a feedback controller is further applied to achieve the position control of the micromirror. The effectiveness of the LESO in the estimation of the external disturbance and angular velocity is demonstrated. The proposed novel control scheme provides the micromirror with high positioning accuracy and disturbance rejection.
Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire: A Comparison with the DASH and SF-36 Questionnaires
Authors: Oda Takashi , Abe Yukio , Katsumi Yasukazu , Ohi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Inagaki Katsunori
Published: February 2016

Background: The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) has shown reliability, validity and responsiveness and has been used to assess surgical outcomes mainly in North America. We established a Japanese version of the MHQ and evaluated its reliability and validity compared with both the short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire in a Japanese-speaking population.

Methods: The MHQ was cross-culturally adapted to a Japanese version according to guidelines. Sixty-eight patients with hand conditions were enrolled in this study and answered the MHQ, DASH questionnaire and SF-36 questionnaire. The MHQ was completed again with an interval of one or two weeks. Reproducibility and internal consistency were statistically assessed by the test-retest method and calculating Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess associations between the MHQ and the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire.

Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients of MHQ subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.93. Aesthetics subscale of the left hand showed the lowest intraclass correlation but still a good correlation. Cronbach's alpha values of the MHQ ranged from 0.81 to 0.96 for all subscales. The absolute values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between MHQ subscales and DASH function/symptoms scores ranged from 0.49 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients of the MHQ total score to subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire ranged from 0.42 to 0.68. The strongest correlations were found between work performance of the MHQ and rolephysical of the SF-36 questionnaire.

Conclusions: The Japanese version of the MHQ has adequate instrument properties for assessing hand outcomes compared with the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Radial Styloid Resembling de Quervain's Disease
Authors: Chmiel Zbigniew
Published: February 2016

We describe a case of osteoid osteoma in the radial styloid of a 37-year old man mimicking de Quervain's disease. The exact diagnosis was made with CT examination and confirmed by histological evaluation of the tumour. The lesion was removed by curettage and symptoms were resolved rapidly thereafter. There was no sign of recurrence at one year follow-up.
Osteochondroma of the Radial Tuberosity in Child
Authors: Kim Sang Rim , Kim Tae Jung , Seo Kyu Bum
Published: February 2016

Osteochondromas are common benign bone tumors. They may occur on any bone preformed in cartilage, but usually are found on the metaphysis of a long bone near the physis. In this article, we report a case of the subluxation of the radial head caused by osteochondroma on the radial tuberosity. A 9-year-old female patient presented with a hard palpable mass and pain in her posterior aspect of left elbow joint. Preoperative radiography and MRI demonstrated an expansile bone lesion arising in the left radial tuberosity of the proximal radius. Resection of the bone tumor was done without any complications. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma without malignant degeneration. A one year after surgery, the elbow had full range of motion without any discomfort and complication.
MIMO Radar Transmit Beampattern Design for DOA Estimation with Sidelobe Suppression
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Gu Shuainan , Zheng Nae
Published: February 2016

We address the problem of transmit beamspace design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with colocated antennas in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation application. Three transmit beampattern sidelobe suppression strategies for designing the transmit beamspace matrix are introduced. The design of transmit beamspace matrix is based on minimizing the difference between a desired transmit beampattern and the actual one while keeping the sidelobe levels under control. Uniform elemental power distribution across the transmit antenna is guaranteed; at the same time, signal rotational invariance property is considered, which enables search-free based DOA estimation algorithms to be utilized at the receiver. The proposed optimization problems are nonconvex and are solved by using semidefinite programming relaxation technique. Moreover, the DOA estimation Cramer-Rao bound with transmit beamspace matrix is discussed. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed techniques over the existing methods.
Benchmarking of Electricity Distribution Licensees Operating in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hemapala K. T. M. U. , Neelawala Lilantha
Published: February 2016

Electricity sector regulators are practicing benchmarking of distribution companies to regulate the allowed revenue. Mainly this is carried out based on the relative efficiency scores produced by frontier benchmarking techniques. Some of these techniques, for example, Corrected Ordinary Least Squares method and Stochastic Frontier Analysis, use econometric approach to estimate efficiency scores, while a method like Data Envelopment Analysis uses linear programming. Those relative efficiency scores are later used to calculate the efficiency factor (X-factor) which is a component of the revenue control formula. In electricity distribution industry in Sri Lanka, the allowed revenue for a particular distribution licensee is calculated according to the allowed revenue control formula as specified in the tariff methodology of Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka. This control formula contains the X-factor as well, but its effect has not been considered yet; it just kept it zero, since there were no relative benchmarking studies carried out by the utility regulators to decide the actual value of X-factor. This paper focuses on producing a suitable benchmarking methodology by studying prominent benchmarking techniques used in international regulatory regime and by analyzing the applicability of them to Sri Lankan context, where only five Distribution Licensees are operating at present.
Spontaneous Transethmoidal Meningoceles in Adults: Case Series with Emphasis on Surgical Management
Authors: Ziade G. , Hamdan A. L. , Homsi M. T. , Kazan I. , Hadi U.
Published: February 2016

Background.Spontaneous onset transethmoidal meningocele is a rare entity among the adult population.Methods.A retrospective chart review was performed and cases of adults diagnosed with spontaneous transethmoidal meningoceles from November 2000 till February 2014 were reported. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and results. Intraoperative findings, the type of surgical reconstruction performed, and the percentage of recurrence, if present, were also reported.Results.Ten cases of spontaneous transethmoidal meningoceles in adults were diagnosed. Eight were females and two males with a mean age of 47.5 years. All patients presented with CSF leakage with or without meningitis. They underwent a reconstruction of the base of skull defect using the temporalis fascia graft in addition to fibrin glue (Tissucol) and Surgicel (Ethicon). In two cases with a larger defect, a piece of septal bone and turbinate mucosa were applied achieving a watertight seal in all cases.Conclusion.Spontaneous transethmoidal meningocele in adults is a rare condition. It usually presents with clear rhinorrhea with or without meningitis and an endoscopic multilayer reconstruction is advocated for treatment of such conditions.
Multiservice Switching Networks with Overflow Links and Resource Reservation
Authors: Głąbowski Mariusz , Stasiak Michał Dominik
Published: February 2016

This paper proposes a new analytical model of a multiservice switching network with overflow links in the first stage and resource reservation for selected call classes in output directions. The proposed model assumes that both the overflow mechanism and the resource reservation mechanism can be used in a number of selected, or all, classes of calls. A particular attention is given to the way the effective availability parameter for networks with overflow links in the point-to-point selection mode is determined. The proposed model makes it possible to determine dependencies between the internal blocking probability, capacity of overflow links, and the number of reserved resources for call classes to be analysed. Simulation experiments confirm high accuracy of the proposed method and potential applications of the model in engineering issues.
Partial Obstruction of the Endotracheal Tube by the Plastic Coating Sheared from a Stylet
Authors: Das Anirudha , Chagalamarri Shwetha , Saridakis Kim
Published: February 2016

A preterm with gestational age of 24 weeks was intubated at day of life 16. The intubation was done in a routine manner with the use of a stylet. It took a significant effort from the clinician to pull the stylet out after intubation. After intubation the respiratory status of the neonate deteriorated requiring significantly greater support. When ventilating and oxygenating the infant was getting progressively difficult, the decision was made to change the endotracheal tube (ETT). The cause for deterioration of respiratory status was then determined to be a sheared piece of plastic from the sheath of the stylet which was lodged in the lumen of the ETT. After removal of the plastic particle, the condition of the infant improved significantly.
Fornix Rupture in Duplex Kidney due to Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Mahawong Phitsanu , Srisuwan Tanop , Rerkasem Kittipan
Published: February 2016

A 70-year-old man presented with severe pain on the right side of the abdomen for 7 days. An abdominal CT angiographic scan showed an impending rupture of a large right internal iliac artery aneurysm which compressed to a right ureter causing hydroureteronephrosis. Fornix rupture of a right duplex kidney was also detected. Selective embolization of right gluteal arteries and then ligation of the right internal iliac artery and right ureterotomy with double J stenting were performed. At the 4-month follow-up appointment, an abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a decrease in the size of the aneurysm and no hydroureteronephrosis after the removal of double J stent.
Enhanced Antifungal Effect of Chitosan/Pepper Tree (Schinus molle) Essential Oil Bionanocomposites on the Viability of Aspergillus parasiticus Spores
Authors: Luque-Alcaraz Ana Guadalupe , Cortez-Rocha Mario Onofre , Velázquez-Contreras Carlos Arturo , Acosta-Silva Ana Lilian , Santacruz-Ortega Hisila del Carmen , Burgos-Hernández Armando , Argüelles-Monal Waldo Manuel , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel
Published: February 2016

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS) and chitosan/pepper tree (Schinus molle) essential oil (CS-EO) bionanocomposites were synthesized by nanoprecipitation method and the in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus parasiticus spores was evaluated. The shape and size were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The surface charge was determined by assessing the zeta potential and the inclusion of essential oil in bionanocomposites using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effect on cell viability of the fungus was evaluated using the XTT technique and morphometric analysis by image processing. SEM and DLS analysis indicated that spherical particles with larger diameters for CS-EO biocomposites were observed. Zeta potential values were higher (+11.1 ± 1.60 mV) for CS nanoparticles. Results suggest a chemical interaction between chitosan and pepper tree essential oil. The highest concentration of CS-EO complex caused a larger (40–50%) decrease in A. parasiticus viability. The inclusion of pepper tree oil in CS nanoparticles is a feasible alternative to obtain antifungal biocomposites, where the activity that each compound presents individually is strengthened.