bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Achievement of Disabled Learners
Authors: Ratekin Ned
Published: January 2017

This article compares the reading progress of learning disabled children receiving oralographic reading instruction with the progress of disabled learners in current special reading programs in five school districts. The experiment was conducted to measure the validity of the Oralographic Reading Program as an approach that meets distinctive needs of learning disabled children in reading. The results of standardized survey and diagnostic tests, using analysis of covariance procedures, revealed significantly higher performance in reading by the oralographic reading group at the end of the experimental period. Program elements considered to provide the treatment effects include careful provision for general principles of learning as well as planned guidance in the integration and application of developing skills.
Concepts of Learning and Behavior Disorders: Implications for Research and Practice
Authors: Forness Steven R.
Published: January 2017

Two major factors seem to have contributed to the current transformation of special education. One has to do with evidence for or against the special class model of service delivery; the second, which is Jess widely acknowledged, concerns the increasingly complex ways of viewing children with learning and behavior problems. Brief review of the second factor suggests that ecological concepts in mental retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional disorders have begun to characterize current thinking. Implications for research efforts and professional roles are discussed.
The Revolving Door Identification and Programming Model
Authors: Delisle James R. , Reis Sally M. , Gubbins E. Jean
Published: January 2017

The Revolving Door Identification Model (RDIM) offers a systematic approach to identification of and programming for gifted students. Conceptually, the model relies on the review of literature in “What Makes Giftedness?” (Renzulli, 1978). The application of this body of literature to implementation of the model in Torrington, Connecticut, was investigated. The role of RDIM in identifying gifted students and providing appropriate programming practices was looked at during the first year of RDIM operation.
Counseling the Gifted and Talented Based on Learning Styles
Authors: Griggs Shirley A.
Published: January 2017

Several recent studies imply a pattern of core learning style preferences among gifted and talented students. This research suggests that gifted and talented students are: independent (self) learners; internally controlled; persistent; perceptually strong; nonconforming; and highly motivated. Assuming the validity of these findings, some implications for school counselors are discussed for each of these six learning style elements. Within any group of gifted and talented students, there are differences as well as similarities, which suggest that counselors need to provide for individual preferences in such areas as design, mobility, and cerebral dominance.
Evaluating the Fairness of Special Education Hearings
Authors: Goldberg Steven S. , Kuriloff Peter J.
Published: January 2017

The U.S. Congress mandated due process hearings in special education disputes to ensure parental involvement in educational decision making and to promote individual justice. The present study explored two kinds of justice, defined as objective and subjective fairness, and examined parent and school officials' subjective experience of the fairness of their hearings. Findings indicate that hearings are not achieving subjective fairness. Neither school officials nor parents felt positively about the experience. Supplements to hearings, such as mediation and negotiation, should be studied to see if they are more effective vehicles for achieving congressional intent and for avoiding costly and emotionally draining hearings.
Educational Assessment of Students with Attention Deficit Disorder
Authors: McKinney James D. , Montague Marjorie , Hocutt Anne M.
Published: January 2017

This article describes the instruments and methods used to assess the primary characteristics that define attention deficit disorder (ADD) for the purpose of identification. Issues in the assessment of ADD for educational purposes include identifying co-occurring disabilities, defining the severity of ADD, and determining the pervasiveness and situational nature of the behavioral symptoms. The focus of the discussion is on what constitutes a comprehensive assessment of ADD for educational purposes and what additional work needs to be done in this area.
The Effects of an Innovative Approach to Mathematics on Academically Low-Achieving Students in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Woodward John , Baxter Juliet
Published: January 2017

This article presents results from a year-long study of an innovative approach to mathematics and its impact on students with learning disabilities as well as those at risk for special education. There is a considerable interest in the field regarding current mathematics reform, particularly as it reflects the simultaneous and conflicting movements toward national standards and inclusion. Results suggest that innovative methods in mathematics are viable for students with average and above average academic abilities and that students with learning disabilities or those at risk for special education need much greater assistance if they are to be included in general education classrooms. The success of the majority of students in this study raises questions about commonly advocated instructional methods in special education.
AFTA and India's Relative Tariff Disadvantage
Authors: Bhattacharyya B. , K.De Prithwis
Published: January 2017

Tariffs on intra-ASEAN trade are reduced under the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for ASEAN Free Trade Association (AFTA). As a result of AFTA agreement some of India's export items that are imported by the individual ASEAN countries both from India and the rest of the ASEAN might be affected. Here in this study an attempt has been made to find out the possible impact of AFTA tariff reduction on India's exports. The results show that the percentage of export values is substantial in the 5-10 per cent tariff disadvantage slab for all the four ASEAN countries included in our sample. The study also reveals that about 33 per cent and 64 per cent of India's exports to Indonesia and Thailand respectively face more than 20 per cent tariff disadvantage range. However, a larger proportion (41%) of India's export to Malaysia falls in the category of 0-5 per cent tariff disadvantage slab. More than 50 per cent of India's exports to Philippines face a tariff disadvantage range of 10-15 per cent.
Essential Cadmat — An Integrated Approach to A Foundation Course for Electronic Engineering Undergraduates
Authors: Harrison C. G. M. , Hill E. W. , Jones P. L. , King D. , Quayle R. S. , Tait D. J.
Published: January 2017

Essential CADMAT — an integrated approach to a foundation course for electronic engineering undergraduates

This paper gives details of a CADMAT programme for first-year undergraduates taking a new degree course in Electronic Systems Engineering at the University of Manchester. The students design, build and test a digital voltmeter using appropriate CAD tools.
A Project-Oriented Radar Systems Course: A Novel Experiment in Cooperative Pedagogy
Authors: Narayanan Ram M. , Holt Jack , Abel Edward
Published: January 2017

A project-orientated radar systems course: a novel experiment in co-operative pedagogy

This paper describes a novel approach to teaching a course on radar systems. The course contained a radar design project that was assigned, monitored and evaluated by U.S. Air Force personnel. Students obtained useful experience in ‘real-world’ design problems, team effort, technical writing and presentation. Similar cooperative ventures are recommended.
Practical Calculations of Electro-Dynamic Stresses on Bus Structures During Short Circuits with Particular Reference to Delta Steel Mill Comp
Authors: Ibrahim Emad S.
Published: January 2017

Practical calculation of electrodynamic stress on bus structures during short circuits with particular reference to Delta Steel Mill Co.

A simple, practical method of calculating the mechanical stresses in busbar structures during short circuits is developed and presented. Not only the short circuit current but also the mechanical characteristics of the busbar structures are considered, and the method should be applicable to a wide range of structures and circuit conditions.
On the Theory of Emission and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation — An Argument
Authors: Gluskin Emanuel
Published: January 2017

On the theory of emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation — an argument

A more complete than usual use of the argument of the identity of photons is suggested for the teaching of radiation processes at the elementary level. The argument uses the concept of ‘observability’, known from system theory for estimating in the quantum-mechanical and statistical contexts, of the probability of occurrence of a casual process. The introductory discussion in Section 2 explains the reasonability of learning optoelectronics in the device-applicative, physical and system-theoretic aspects, with some emphasis associated with the research interests and pedagogical views of the author.
An Algorithmic State Machine Example
Authors: Grant R. P.
Published: January 2017

An algorithmic state machine example suitable for students beginning a course in sequential logic is described. The example can be taken from conception to implementation and thereby provides a continuous exercise in all the necessary design steps including debugging.
Stability of Psychiatric Diagnoses in Clinical Practice
Authors: Daradkeh Tewfik K.
Published: January 2017

This is a retrospective study that aimed at studying the diagnostic stability of psychiatric diagnoses over a 4-year period. Three-hundred and twelve patients (n=312) admitted more than once to Al Ain in-patient unit from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1993, were the subjects for this study. The sample included patients with the following index diagnoses: acute psychoses (n = 37), alcohol abuse (n = 15), bipolar disorder (n = 27), depressive disorders (n = 63), drug abuse (n = 21), hysteria (n = 23), neurotic disorders (n = 50) and schizophrenia (n = 76). Diagnoses on discharge for first admissions were considered the index diagnoses. The shift from index diagnoses to subsequent diagnoses was counted. Diagnostic stability was calculated as the percentages of index diagnoses that did not change over time. In nearly half of the patients the index diagnoses changed over the 4-year period. Highest diagnostic stability was found in patients with index diagnoses of alcohol abuse, schizophrenia and drug abuse (92%, 74% and 71 % respectively), while the lowest stability was found in patients with neurotic, hysterical, depressive disorders, acute psychoses and bipolar disorders (38%, 48% and 45%, 42%, 52% respectively). Two distinct patterns of shifts were noted. First shift occurred between functional psychoses and second shift between depressive and neurotic disorders. This study provides further support to the notion that diagnostic stability in clinical practice is still far from being satisfactory.
Public Perception of Discharged Psychiatric Patients: a Community Survey
Authors: Reda Sawsan
Published: January 2017

The trend in psychiatric care in the National Health Service in l3ritain is to move patients into the community. However, few attempts have been made to identify public opinions about such moves. This paper describes public beliefs of mental illness and their attitudes towards patients moved from two large institutions into their neighbourhood. Residents local to a community mental health facility were interviewed before and six months after opening the facility. The results shows that public attitudes remain negative. It seems that deinstitutionalisation has little impact on public attitudes. No distinction could be drawn between the study and control groups.
Global Conflict Intensity and Great Power Summitry Behavior
Authors: Thompson William R. , Modelski George
Published: January 2017

Despite the significance of Great Power summitry to the maintenance and evolution of world politics and order, little attention has been allocated to this central phenomenon. One earlier exception (Galtung, 1964) did find that the volume or restrictedness of summitry (1941–1961) was associated with two key properties of the global system: polarization and predictability. However, a close examination of this study reveals serious problems vis-à-vis a shifting contextual focus and conceptual ambiguity in the handling of the independent variables. A reexamination with an explicitly geocentric perspective, a dependent variable limited to chief executive summitry (1948–1971), and a focus on the conflict intensity aspect of polarization (primarily measured by the annual rate of change in world military expenditures and secondarily by event interaction data) produced results which differ greatly with those found in the earlier study. Most of the original hypotheses receive little if any support. Additional analysis suggests the possibility of such intervening variables as time, the bloc interaction variant of polarization, capability concentration, and capability distribution fluidity. Further study, probably over a longer period of time, will be required to arrive at a more definite conclusion. Moreover, while Great Power summitry does appear to be influenced by certain attributes of the global system, the weakness of the discovered relationships suggests that summitry is a complex form of Great Power behavior that must be placed in a larger framework of global politics.
The Eye of the Beholder: Ratings of Risk Using a Reliable Instrument and Identical Clinical Material
Authors: Keown Patrick , Buchanan Alec
Published: January 2017

Risk management is increasingly seen as a task for health professionals. However little is known about how different professionals perceive and rate risk. The purpose of this study was to see if professional background and experience influence how an assessor rates risk.

Psychiatric staff were presented with identical clinical information about one case. They were then asked to score the HCR-20. This is a structured clinical assessment and gives a score of between 0 and 40. Higher scores indicate increased risk of future violence.

There was a twofold variation in the score from 15 to 30. There was no difference between medical and non-medical staff. However there was a significant difference between different grades of psychiatrists. Senior psychiatrists scored the clinical and risk items significantly lower when compared with junior psychiatrists. There was no significant difference in the scoring of historical items.

The twofold variation in the score on the HCR-20 emphasises that risk assessment is a two-way process. Individual differences of assessors may be very important. Our findings suggest that senior psychiatrists score risks as lower. Possible explanations are discussed.
1. An Antique Pistol Fatality: Consideration of the Legal and Pathological Aspects: A Case Report
Authors: Cook Deborah S , James Ryk S
Published: January 2017

This article presents a case report of a shooting using an antique pistol. The unusual pathological findings are presented, together with a review of the law in this area. It seems that there is currently a loophole in the 1997 Firearms Act by means of which ‘enthusiasts’ or ‘collectors’ may legally possess weapons and then subsequently acquire ammunition illegally.
Sport Injury and the Law
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: January 2017

Properly conducted sport ought not to give rise to accident, injury and litigation, but alas this does happen: a competitor may be injured by another competitor or by someone else's negligence or default; a spectator may be injured by a competitor; finally, the organizer of the event may be at fault.
Analysing the Relevance of the MIP Scoreboard's Indicators
Authors: Tomáš Domonkos , Filip Ostrihoň , Ivana Šikulová , Mária Širaňová
Published: February 2017

The EU established an early warning system by introducing the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) in the wake of the recent recession. Nevertheless, it has been found by some authors to be rather vague when launching the Excessive Imbalances Procedure. Performed analysis reflects on such views and treats the MIP indicators as a system while assessing the significance of all particular variables separately. This assessment was accomplished by applying a multivariate unbalanced logit model, utilising all 14 MIP headline indicators, using time horizons ranging from one to three years before crisis, which was represented by periods with output gap lower than negative 2 per cent. The approach was confronted with the estimates of a linear probability model to provide an idea about the robustness of the results. In the short term, activity rates, youth unemployment rates and private sector debt are the best performing indicators, complemented by current account balances in the long term.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: January 2017

This is the first of a series of twelve articles of special interest to candidates for the promotion exams. In this article the whole question of preparation is considered; in the second, examination technique will be explained; and in the remainder, several matters which are contained in the syllabuses and which are not readily available in the text-books in common use will be dealt with in detail.
How to Destroy the Market for Drugs?
Authors: Adams Michael
Published: January 2017

Without removing the high profits within the drug industry, criminal law, social pressure, therapy and information remain ineffective. Legalizing certain drugs would lead to an unacceptable increase in consumption. The strictly controlled issuing of non-psychotic drugs, given by state authorities exclusively to people already addicted to drugs, will withdraw the most profitable clients from the criminal suppliers and force criminal business to exit the market in the long run.
Life Expectancy without Chronic Morbidity: Trends in Gender and Socioeconomic Disparities
Authors: Perenboom RJM , van Herten LM , Boshuizen HC , van den Bos GAM
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Life expectancy without chronic morbidity, or morbidity-free life expectancy (MFLE), was calculated to measure changes in population health status between 1989 and 2000 on the basis of gender and socioeconomic status.

Methods.

Sullivan's method was used to calculate morbidity-free life expectancy. Prevalence rates for chronic morbidity were derived from the Netherlands Continuous Health Interview Survey. Four socioeconomic groups were distinguished on the basis of educational level.

Results.

Between 1989 and 2000, total life expectancy increased for males and females and for all socioeconomic groups. Morbidity-free life expectancy decreased significantly for males (from 54.7 years to 53.9 years) and females (from 55.3 years to 51.0 years). The gap between males and females in MFLE has reversed, from 0.6 years in favor of females in 1989 to 2.9 years in favor of males in 2000. The gap between the upper and lower classes seems to have narrowed (for males from 11 years to 8.5 years and for females from 4.7 years to 4.0 years).

Conclusions.

The results indicate that morbidity-free life expectancy is falling for males and females and in all socioeconomic groups. Part of this decrease could be attributed to earlier diagnosis of chronic diseases. A widening gap in MFLE was observed between males and females in favor of males. The gap between the upper and lower socioeconomic groups seems to be narrowing.
Local Public Health System Partnerships
Authors: Zahner Susan J.
Published: January 2017

Objectives.

Interorganizational collaboration aimed at community health improvement is an expectation of local public health systems. This study assessed the extent to which such collaboration occurred within one state (Wisconsin), described the characteristics of existing partnerships, and identified factors associated with partnership effectiveness.

Methods.

In Stage 1, local health department (LHD) directors in Wisconsin were surveyed (93% response rate). In Stage 2, LHDs completed self-administered mailed surveys for each partnership identified in Stage 1 (85% response rate). Two-level hierarchical logit regression methods were used to model relationships between partnership and LHD variables and partnership outcomes. Data from 924 partnerships associated with 74 LHDs were included in the analysis.

Results.

Partnerships most frequently addressed tobacco prevention and control, maternal and child health, emergency planning, community assessment and planning, and immunizations. Partnering was most frequent with other government agencies, hospitals, medical practices or clinics, community-based organizations, and schools. Partnership effectiveness was predicted by having a budget, having more partners contributing financially, having a broader array of organizations involved, and having been in existence for a longer period of time. A government mandate to start the partnership was inversely related to successful outcomes. Characteristics of LHDs did not predict partnership effectiveness.

Conclusions.

Financial support, having a broader array of partners, and allowing sufficient time for partnerships to succeed contribute to partnership effectiveness. Further study—using objective outcome measures—is needed to examine the effects of organizational and community characteristics on the effectiveness of local public health system partnerships.
Low Income Parents' Reports of Communication Problems with Health Care Providers: Effects of Language and Insurance
Authors: Clemans-Cope Lisa , Kenney Genevieve
Published: January 2017

Objectives.

This study examines how parental reports of communication problems with health providers vary over a wider range of characteristics of low income children than considered in previous studies.

Methods.

Data were drawn from the 1999 and 2002 National Survey of America's Families. Communication problems, insurance type, socioeconomic characteristics, health factors, and provider type were examined. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate techniques.

Results.

Bivariate analysis identified that the parents of 24.4% of low income children and 36.4% of publicly covered low income children with a Spanish interview reported poor communication with health providers. Coefficients from regression analysis suggest that, controlling for covariates, foreign-born parents with a Spanish interview were 11.8 percentage points ( p<0.01) more likely to report communication problems than U.S.-born parents with an English interview. Among low income publicly covered children with a Spanish interview, regression analysis suggests that parents of children who used clinics or hospital outpatient departments as their usual source of care were 9.5 percentage points ( p<0.05) more likely to report communication problems compared with those whose usual source of care was a doctor's or HMO office.

Conclusions.

Implementing policies to improve communication barriers for low income children, particularly those with foreign-born parents whose native language is not English, may be necessary to reduce health disparities relative to higher income children across a variety of health domains including utilization, satisfaction, and outcomes. Focusing attention on the availability of professional translation services in clinics or hospital outpatient departments may be a cost-effective strategy for reducing communication problems for publicly insured children.
The Animal-Human Interface and Infectious Disease in Industrial Food Animal Production: Rethinking Biosecurity and Biocontainment
Authors: Graham Jay P. , Leibler Jessica H. , Price Lance B. , Otte Joachim M. , Pfeiffer Dirk U. , Tiensin T. , Silbergeld Ellen K.
Published: January 2017

Understanding interactions between animals and humans is critical in preventing outbreaks of zoonotic disease. This is particularly important for avian influenza. Food animal production has been transformed since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Poultry and swine production have changed from small-scale methods to industrial-scale operations. There is substantial evidence of pathogen movement between and among these industrial facilities, release to the external environment, and exposure to farm workers, which challenges the assumption that modern poultry production is more biosecure and biocontained as compared with backyard or small holder operations in preventing introduction and release of pathogens. An analysis of data from the Thai government investigation in 2004 indicates that the odds of H5N1 outbreaks and infections were significantly higher in large-scale commercial poultry operations as compared with backyard flocks. These data suggest that successful strategies to prevent or mitigate the emergence of pandemic avian influenza must consider risk factors specific to modern industrialized food animal production.
Emerging Disease Syndromic Surveillance for Hurricane Katrina Evacuees Seeking Shelter in Houston's Astrodome and Reliant Park Complex
Authors: Murray Kristy O. , Kilborn Cindy , desVignes-Kendrick Mary , Koers Erin , Page Valda , Selwyn Beatrice J. , Shah Umair A. , Palacio Herminia
Published: January 2017

Transmission of infectious diseases became an immediate public health concern when approximately 27,000 New Orleans-area residents evacuated to Houston's Astrodome and Reliant Park Complex following Hurricane Katrina. This article presents a surveillance system that was rapidly developed and implemented for daily tracking of various symptoms in the evacuee population in the Astrodome “megashelter.” This system successfully confirmed an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis and became a critical tool in monitoring the course of this outbreak.
Assessment of a Commercial Searchable Population Directory as a Means of Selecting Controls for Case-Control Studies
Authors: Chintapalli Sabeena , Goodman Michael , Allen Mark , Ward Kevin , Liff Jonathan , Young John , Terry Paul
Published: January 2017

We explored the feasibility of using SalesGenie®, a commercially available database, as a potential alternative to traditional methods of selecting controls for population-based case-control studies. An attractive feature of this particular database is that it permits a search within specific age ranges, geographic locations, and household income.

Information on 1,068 cases reported to the California Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2005 was entered manually into the SalesGenie Web-based search engine. The frequency of Registry-to-SalesGenie matches was then compared with the frequency of matching the registry data to the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) records. Our findings indicate that the SalesGenie database is currently less comprehensive than DMV records. Nevertheless, Web-based population data sources may provide a potential alternative for population-based studies when used in conjunction with other methods, particularly in states where DMV records are not accessible to researchers.
Human Rights, Wild Life and Environment Protection
Authors: Joshi P.C.
Published: January 2017

The article presents a critique of the Cartesian-inspired practice of science and contrasts it with the traditional knowledge pertaining to the ecosystem which exists in the form of cultural practices rooted in the holistic framework integrating the world of animate and inanimate elements in the perspective of folk religious beliefs. The implications of the practice of ghandwa are explained in the light of a gene bank and human–wildlife conflict (HWC). The article argues for an intensive documentation of traditional knowledge and practices and its proper use in the programmes aimed at environmental conservation.
The Medical Mission Strategy of the Maryknoll Sisters
Authors: Thurman Suzanne R.
Published: January 2017

This study traces the changing role of medical missions in the larger evangelistic strategy of the Maryknoll missioners and examines the goals of Mother Mary Joseph Rogers, foundress of the Maryknoll Sisters. Beginning with the founding of Maryknoll, this article discusses how the Sisters changed their view of missions from a top-down to a grassroots approach (influenced by Vatican II as well as by Mother Mary Joseph's view of missions) and illuminates how that change affected the ways in which the Sisters pursued medical missions.
Hospitality as Context for Evangelism
Authors: Park Joon-Sik
Published: January 2017

This article views hospitality as integral to the gospel and thus as a primary context for evangelism. The practice of evangelism in hospitality reflects and follows God's welcoming of all in Christ, whose Incarnation was the Word become flesh and not simply speech. When the gospel is shared, the lives of the witness and the one invited to Christian faith are to be shared also. The author examines three essential elements for evangelism in the context of biblical hospitality: evangelism as a boundary-crossing event, the church as the witnessing and hospitable community, and evangelism in hospitality sustained by spirituality.
The Future of Christianity in Western Europe
Authors: Bjork David E.
Published: January 2017

It is widely known that Christianity in Western Europe is in crisis. And it is commonplace to blame secularization, or the media, or the weight of history for this sad state of affairs. But what if the calamity that is shaking Christianity in Old Europe is not uniquely the result of the accidents of history, or the wear of time, but grows as well from its inner dynamics and self understandings? This article proposes to look at France as a case study to examine that question.
Contextualization That is Comprehensive
Authors: Moreau Scott
Published: January 2017

Our current approach towards contextualization as essentially a theological enterprise is an appropriate foundation, but no more than a foundation. In this article I outline a contextualization paradigm that goes beyond theologizing to include all that the Christian faith is and all that following Christ calls us to do. Such an approach may be called comprehensive contextualization.
New Wine in Old Wineskins
Authors: Hanciles Jehu J.
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the importance of historical studies within the theology curriculum and evaluates some of the perplexities and roadblocks that continue to beset efforts at writing or teaching a global Christian history. It argues that even though recent transformations within global Christianity have stimulated laudable efforts at constructing a new Christian historiography and produced fresh perspectives on non-Western Christianities, developing a global Christian history faces three formidable challenges: the entrenched metropolitan perspective of mission studies, a rigid and outmoded curriculum design, and Western intellectual hegemony. It concludes with a brief examination of credible solutions, including the need for new conceptual models and a new hermeneutic.
Anthropology in Independent and Denominational Mission Activity
Authors: Wonderly William L.
Published: January 2017

Why have some of the independent or “faith mission” groups shown generally greater interest in an “anthropological approach” to their work than have most of the mission organizations of the denominational churches? The writer of the present article points out some of the factors involved, and presents a dual challenge to both groups — to the former, to face more realistically some of the problems which they have hitherto left to the concern of the church groups; and to the latter, to carry on from where the independent groups have left off in relating the church to the changing cultural situation in its respective countries.
“Practical Anthropology” Content and Style
Authors: Smalley William A.
Published: January 2017

As Practical Anthropology grow, the range of potential contributors to its pages is also growing. So does the range of content. While we are most anxious for just such a widening representation of author and content. PA does have a definite purpose, and a definite personality which we try to maintain. In the following paragraphs we will outline for authors and reviewers some of the elements of that purpose and personality with suggestions for the presentation of materials. Included is an explanation of preferred format for typescripts. If this format is followed in submitting articles or reviews, it will save considerable time and expense in editing.
Cross-Examining Mental Health Experts in Child Custody Litigation
Authors: Martindale David A.
Published: January 2017

Guidance is offered to attorneys preparing to cross-examine mental health experts in child custody litigation. The author provides information concerning the review of an expert's curriculum vitae and agreement with the parties; responsiveness to professional standards; evaluative procedures; use of collateral source information; selection of assessment instruments and utilization of computer-generated interpretive reports; and the degree to which opinions offered are supported by the data. Emphasis is placed upon the critical examination of an evaluator's specialized education and training and the significance (or lack thereof) of board certifications. Also examined in depth is the means by which to utilize an evaluator's contemporaneously taken notes in the development of areas of inquiry during cross-examination.
Effects of language modality on preschoolers' recall of spatial-temporal sequences
Authors: West Tiffany A. , Bauer Patricia J.
Published: January 2017

Given the visual-spatial nature of American Sign Language (ASL), children acquiring this language may be expected to show facility in recall of spatial-temporal sequences that are arbitrarily ordered. Further, because the language provides experience with spatial-temporal sequences lacking props and themes, language-specific experience may generalize to support recall of non-linguistic sequences lacking these features. To test these suggestions, in two experiments we compared recall performance of preschool-aged English-speaking and ASL-signing children. In Experiment 1, we used elicited imitation in a 2 (language: ASL, English × 2 (prop: present, absent) × 2 (theme: present, absent) × 2 (temporal order: enabling, arbitrary) design. Children acquiring ASL had better recall of arbitrarily ordered prop-supported sequences. Further, children acquiring ASL showed some advantage in recall of sign and non-sign gesture sequences. Experiment 2 directly compared real and nonsense word (or sign) recall between the two groups of children; results suggest some benefit from experience with ASL in processing nonlinguistic visual-spatial gestures.
Jan Klata’s H. [amlet]
Authors: Limon Jerzy
Published: January 2017

Jan Klata directed his version of Hamlet (2004) in the historic Gdańsk Shipyard, famous for the strikes of the workers and the rise of the Solidarity movement, as a result of which Poland became a democracy, rapidly changing its economy, manners and values. It has become a different country and a different society. Staged in the derelict shipyard, used here also as a symbolic stage set, this particular production seems to present the views of the new generation, for whom the past is just a myth, and the present offers just a simulacrum of well-being.
The myth behind ‘The Shakespeare Myth’
Authors: Cheney Patrick
Published: January 2017

This article seeks to recover the original ‘Shakespeare Myth’, which emerges in three waves. In the first, early critics used a biographical method to reconstruct the man, whose plays form the highest authority for value in a national imperial culture. In the second, theorists used ‘cultural materialism’ to debunk this myth. In the third, critics now are using a bibliographical method to challenge the revisionist model by transposing the conversation from ‘the man of the theater’ to ‘the literary author’. This third wave receives support from contemporary reports (1592–1640). They present The Shakespeare Myth as a myth of authorial fame.
Post‐Tympanostomy Otorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Topical Prophylaxis
Authors: Scott Bruce A. , Strunk Chester L.
Published: January 2017

Myringotomy with the insertion of tympanostomy tubes has become the most frequently performed otolaryngologic procedure, and otorrhea is the most common post‐tympanostomy complication. Many otolaryngologists routinely use prophylactic topical antibiotic solutions when performing tympanostomy tube placement. Relatively little has been written regarding early post‐tympanostomy otorrhea and scarcely any examining the efficacy of such prophylaxis. The current study is a randomized clinical trial to critically evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic otic drops after tympanostomy tube placement. The ototoxic potential of these solutions, combined with constant pressures to decrease medication expenses and eliminate unnecessary use of antibiotics, makes determination of the shortest effective course of application paramount. Subjects were randomized at the time of surgery into one of three groups; one group received no prophylaxis, a second group received gentamicin otic drops Immediately after tympanostomy tube placement in the operating room only, and the third group received an additional 48 hours of drops (4 drops in each ear, three times a day). All patients were seen within 2 weeks postoperatively. An overall early post‐tympanostomy otorrhea incidence of 8.7% is documented with 12%, 8.8%, and 5.6% for each study group, respectively. While these findings may suggest possible efficacy of topical prophylaxis, a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups was not proved (p = 0.62). Further analysis by subdivision of the patients, on the basis of middle ear cavity finding at the time of surgery, reveals a highly significant statistical association of the occurrence of post‐tympanostomy otorrhea in ears having mucoid effusions (p < 0.001) as compared to ears without effusion or with serous effusions. On the basis of the results of this randomized trial, the routine prophylactic use of potentially ototoxic topical solutions does not appear to be Justified in patients found to have a middle ear cleft that is dry or has a serous effusion. Patients found to have mucoid effusions are at statistically significantly higher risk of development of otorrhea postoperatively. Use of prophylactic otic drops may be indicated in this group.
Learning to Lead
Authors: Prahalad C K
Published: January 2017

All large firms around the world are concerned about value creation through organic growth and innovation. In fact, continuous innovation is the only source of sustainable advantage. Indian industry can be a source of innovations, not just for the Indian market but also for the global market. And for this, India has to focus on the next practices, not just be content with the best practices.

The competitive landscape is being altered by five major forces that will reshape the basis for competition: They are: i) Deregulation of a large number of industries such as telecom, power, health, and financial services bringing a significant change; ii) Globalization giving rise to ‘micro multinationals;’ iii) Emerging markets like India and China growing rapidly and already positioned to be the No. 2 and No. 3 economies of the world; iv) Convergence of technologies and industries wiping out old business boundaries and creating new ones; and v) Ubiquitous connectivity having a big impact on how business is done as more than a billion people are connected through wireless and personal computers (PCs).

The innovation and the value creation debate around the world are centring on these five issues and the firms that adapt themselves fast to the changing scenario are going to be the winners. In this lecture, the author addresses the following questions: Where will the ‘next practices’ come from? How do we start seeing a pattern of opportunity that others may not yet recognize? How do we commercialize complex technologies? How do we understand the changing nature of the key driving forces that will create the next world economic order? How do we create a global perspective irrespective of our work or our current preoccupations?

The author cites, as examples, specific case studies of innovation taking place in India in a wide variety of areas: hospitality industry, adult education, automotive, health care, and communications and computing. He believes that these examples represent the harbingers of next practices.

The author has the following suggestions for the Indian industry to move to the next phase – to lead: Indians need to have the confidence and commitment to leverage their capacity for experimentation into the global marketplace. India needs to recognize the emerging patterns and develop a methodology for radical innovations. India needs a full measure of knowledge creators and thinkers. Indian companies are in a cusp of a very good opportunity and those who have the courage and imagination to move forward, experiment, consolidate, and leverage will be at an advantage.
A New Perspective in Understanding The Role of Information Technology Features in Technology Use Pattern
Authors: Dutta Andrew
Published: January 2017

One of the current themes dominating the agenda of IS research is to focus on the specifics of technology without losing view on the role of human agency. Addressing this issue calls for developing an integrated theoretical perspective that would incorporate both the role of technology and human agency in explaining the technology use pattern. This paper provides a new theoretical perspective by incorporating the two views—technology and human agency. Technological determinism attributes technology use patterns to the features of the artifact, whereas the human agency perspective attributes it to the ongoing interaction of the human actors with the technology. The current call in the field of IS seeks an integration of these two opposite perspectives in future IS research. This would have strong implications for both academicians and practitioners. For example, it might help us to understand how the differences in the features of the technology being operationalized in a particular social context influence the social outcomes of technology use. It may help practising managers and technology policy makers in organizations to understand in advance the effect technology features may have on organizational life. This is more of predictive value in the sense that managers and technology policy makers may have an a priori understanding about how the technology might be used in their organization based on the sets of features that they intend to operationalize. An understanding of this may enable the organizational decision-makers to make informed decision about which category of features to operationalize so that the technology may prove compatible and invaluable in the achievement of corporate objectives. This in turn, may affect an organization's technology selection decision or their modes of implementation.

This conceptual paper discusses the two opposing perspectives of attributing technology use pattern in the field of IS: Technological determinism Human agency with a focus on structuration theory and actor-network theory.

It then provides a new theoretical perspective for the field of IS research. In the new perspective, the author argues that technology use is neither exclusively situated nor emergent. The usage pattern is a function of both the artifact and the human actors who appropriate the technology in their day-to-day lives. The author postulates that differences in technology features may be associated with differences in technology use pattern and the resultant social outcome if a dual focus is maintained on the artifact and the human agents. The paper also provides a discussion on the dominant research traditions in the field of IS and case study research design as a means to operationalize future research with this new perspective along with an insight as to how certain key concepts can be practically applied.
Corporate Disclosure of Intangibles: A Comparative Study of Practices among Indian, US, and Japanese Companies
Authors: Ragini
Published: January 2017

Today, the methods which create value for companies have undergone a sea change. In the new globalized economy, when companies have edge to edge competition, the intangibles like strategies, brands, market leadership, management policies, etc., play a major role in creating value for a company. Very few intangibles are covered under the mandatory rules and regulations of accounting all over the world. Despite these regulatory limitations, an increasing number of companies are voluntarily opting to include information in their list of intangibles in the notes to their annual accounts or as an appendix in a narrative form. The narrative reporting on intangibles has not yet been regularized by various accounting authorities, but to have competitive edge in the market, a number of companies are voluntarily disclosing information on intangibles in their business review section along with the mandatory information on intangibles in the financial accounts.

This study examined and compared the various disclosure practices of intangibles of the top one hundred Indian, US, and Japanese companies for a period of five years, i.e., 2001–2005. The study examined the type and extent of information on intangibles being disclosed by the companies with the help of a disclosure Index. The index of disclosure of intangibles used in this paper consisted of an extensive list of 180 items, including both mandatory as well as voluntary disclosure items.

This study reveals that the countries under study, i.e., India, US, and Japan, have shown a significant improvement in their overall disclosure scores over the five year period. The Japanese companies have shown the maximum improvement of 59 per cent in the overall disclosure scores over five year period, followed by US (42 %) and Indian companies (31%). Secondly, ‘IPRS and goodwill and other intangibles’ group showed maximum increase in five years by the sample companies of all the three countries under study.

On the basis of the results, it can be suggested that Indian companies need to improve their disclosure practices in the areas of ‘strategy and competition’ and ‘market and customer’. Secondly, the accounting authorities should endeavour to regularize the narrative reporting on intangibles. A number of organizations are working to improve disclosure of non-financial items. Some of them are International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and European Commission (EC).
Changes in the Mechanical Activity of Heart, Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Induced by Hydrodynamic Pressure Pulses
Authors: Döring H.J. , Frey A.
Published: January 2017

Hydrodynamic pressure-pulses of high intensity (max.40 mbar) or direct vibrations (100–1000 Hz) can reduce the contractile force of isolated smooth and skeletal muscles as well as cardiac muscle preparations. The relaxing effect is probably based on a disturbance of the interaction between the contractile proteins of the myofibrils. In the rhythmically working total heart only pressure-pulses placed in the systole are effective in respect of negative inotropism. Pressure-pulses applied during diastole induce ventricular extrasystoles. Repetitive automatism, often leading to ventricular fibrillation, can be provoked by each diastolic pressure-pulse when ischemia combined with subsequent hypoxia is applied to the heart. Arrhythmias, induced by pressure-pulses, probably originate from rapid distension of stretch-sensitive structures of the heart, mainly Purkinje fibres.