bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Immune Phenotype of ThreeDrosophilaLeukemia Models
Authors: Arefin Badrul , Kunc Martin , Krautz Robert , Theopold Ulrich
Published: May 2017

Many leukemia patients suffer from dysregulation of their immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and leading to general weakening (cachexia). Both adaptive and innate immunity are affected. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an innate immune system, including cells of the myeloid lineage (hemocytes). To study Drosophila immunity and physiology during leukemia, we established three models by driving expression of a dominant-active version of the Ras oncogene (RasV12) alone or combined with knockdowns of tumor suppressors in Drosophila hemocytes. Our results show that phagocytosis, hemocyte migration to wound sites, wound sealing, and survival upon bacterial infection of leukemic lines are similar to wild type. We find that in all leukemic models the two major immune pathways (Toll and Imd) are dysregulated. Toll–dependent signaling is activated to comparable extents as after wounding wild-type larvae, leading to a proinflammatory status. In contrast, Imd signaling is suppressed. Finally, we notice that adult tissue formation is blocked and degradation of cell masses during metamorphosis of leukemic lines, which is akin to the state of cancer-dependent cachexia. To further analyze the immune competence of leukemic lines, we used a natural infection model that involves insect-pathogenic nematodes. We identified two leukemic lines that were sensitive to nematode infections. Further characterization demonstrates that despite the absence of behavioral abnormalities at the larval stage, leukemic larvae show reduced locomotion in the presence of nematodes. Taken together, this work establishes new Drosophila models to study the physiological, immunological, and behavioral consequences of various forms of leukemia.
Mathematical Constraints on FST: Biallelic Markers in Arbitrarily Many Populations
Authors: Alcala Nicolas , Rosenberg Noah A
Published: May 2017

F ST is one of the most widely used statistics in population genetics. Recent mathematical studies have identified constraints that challenge interpretations of FST as a measure with potential to range from 0 for genetically similar populations to 1 for divergent populations. We generalize results obtained for population pairs to arbitrarily many populations, characterizing the mathematical relationship between FST, the frequency M of the more frequent allele at a polymorphic biallelic marker, and the number of subpopulations K. We show that for fixed K, FST has a peculiar constraint as a function of M, with a maximum of 1 only if M=i/K, for integers i with ⌈K/2⌉≤i≤K−1. For fixed M, as K grows large, the range of FST becomes the closed or half-open unit interval. For fixed K, however, some M<(K−1)/K always exists at which the upper bound on FST lies below 22−2≈0.8284. We use coalescent simulations to show that under weak migration, FST depends strongly on M when K is small, but not when K is large. Finally, examining data on human genetic variation, we use our results to explain the generally smaller FST values between pairs of continents relative to global FST values. We discuss implications for the interpretation and use of FST.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Metamorphic Neuronal Remodeling Revealed Through a Genome-Wide Modifier Screen in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chen Dahong , Gu Tingting , Pham Tom N , Zachary Montgomery J , Hewes Randall S
Published: May 2017

During development, neuronal remodeling shapes neuronal connections to establish fully mature and functional nervous systems. Our previous studies have shown that the RNA-binding factor alan shepard (shep) is an important regulator of neuronal remodeling during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster, and loss of shep leads to smaller soma size and fewer neurites in a stage-dependent manner. To shed light on the mechanisms by which shep regulates neuronal remodeling, we conducted a genetic modifier screen for suppressors of shep-dependent wing expansion defects and cellular morphological defects in a set of peptidergic neurons, the bursicon neurons, that promote posteclosion wing expansion. Out of 702 screened deficiencies that covered 86% of euchromatic genes, we isolated 24 deficiencies as candidate suppressors, and 12 of them at least partially suppressed morphological defects in shep mutant bursicon neurons. With RNA interference and mutant alleles of individual genes, we identified Daughters against dpp (Dad) and Olig family (Oli) as shep suppressor genes, and both of them restored the adult cellular morphology of shep-depleted bursicon neurons. Dad encodes an inhibitory Smad protein that inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, raising the possibility that shep interacted with BMP signaling through antagonism of Dad. By manipulating expression of the BMP receptor tkv, we found that activated BMP signaling was sufficient to rescue loss-of-shep phenotypes. These findings reveal mechanisms of shep regulation during neuronal development, and they highlight a novel genetic shep interaction with the BMP signaling pathway that controls morphogenesis in mature, terminally differentiated neurons during metamorphosis.
Selection To Increase Expression, Not Sequence Diversity, Precedes Gene Family Origin and Expansion in Rattlesnake Venom
Authors: Margres Mark J , Bigelow Alyssa T , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R , Rokyta Darin R
Published: May 2017

Gene duplication is the primary mechanism leading to new genes and phenotypic novelty, but the proximate evolutionary processes underlying gene family origin, maintenance, and expansion are poorly understood. Although sub- and neofunctionalization provide clear long-term advantages, selection does not act with foresight, and unless a redundant gene copy provides an immediate fitness advantage, the copy will most likely be lost. Many models for the evolution of genes immediately following duplication have been proposed, but the robustness and applicability of these models is unclear because of the lack of data at the population level. We used qPCR, protein expression data, genome sequencing, and hybrid enrichment to test three competing models that differ in whether selection favoring the spread of duplicates acts primarily on expression level or sequence diversity for specific toxin-encoding loci in the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus). We sampled 178 individuals and identified significant inter- and intrapopulation variation in copy number, demonstrated that copy number was significantly and positively correlated with protein expression, and found little to no sequence variation across paralogs in all populations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that selection for increased expression, not sequence diversity, was the proximate evolutionary process underlying gene family origin and expansion, providing data needed to resolve the debate over which evolutionary processes govern the fates of gene copies immediately following duplication.
About the Authors
Authors: Waterloo Historical Review Editor-in-Chief
Published: May 2017

Short biographies on the authors who were selected for this issue of the Waterloo Historical Review.
Résistants & Résistantes
Authors: Kempel Phoenicia
Published: May 2017

This paper explores men and women "Résistants" in France during the Second World War. Six fighters are profiled in order to distinguish both the defining elements of a resistance fighter and the differences between male and female roles in the movement.
Housewives, Slaves, and Indigenous Peoples: Hybridity in the Diet of the American Frontier
Authors: Smith Duncan
Published: May 2017

This paper examines hybridity in the diet of colonial United States, and investigates how both Indigenous Americans and African slaves contributed to American cuisine. Considerable attention is given to the female experience, and the important role that women played in facilitating this cultural exchange. The research draws on many primary sources including cookbooks published during the colonial era.
The Role of Sources in Historical Memory: Evacuee Children of Second World War Britain
Authors: Oeste Sarah
Published: May 2017

Was the evacuation program for British children during the Second World War a success or a failure? This paper analyses how various types of sources, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, provide different answers to this question, and ultimately impact how the evacuations take shape in public memory.
Nuclear Nihilism, Creating the Soviet Dead Hand: A Necessary Evil
Authors: Beudot Ezra K.
Published: May 2017

This paper discusses the development of the Soviet nuclear strategic control and command system, called Perimeter. The paper sources from first hand accounts and secondary research, in order to explain the Soviet rationale for creating Perimeter. Such an explanation is useful, as from our perspective, it may be difficult to understand why a government would be willing to construct what is essentially a doomsday system. Perimeter itself is a "fail-deadly," system, meaning that should the system detect a nuclear attack on Russia, it will automatically or semi-automatically (depending on the setting) order the launch of Russia's land-based nuclear arsenal, securing retaliation, even if the normal Russian command leadership is knocked out in a nuclear decapitation. Ultimately, the paper argues that the Soviet leadership had considerable reason to implement Perimeter.
¿Cuál es el Efecto de la Moringa oleifera sobre la Dinámica Ruminal? Revisión sistemática
Authors: Garcia Quintero Indira Isis , Mora-Delgado Jairo , Estrada A Julián , Piñeros V. Roberto
Published: May 2017

Moringa oleifera es un árbol con alto potencial para suplir deficiencias alimenticias en sistemas productivos tropicales, especialmente en rumiantes, ya que cuenta con aceptables valores nutricionales, buena palatabilidad, adaptabilidad a condiciones agrestes y alta producción de biomasa. El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática sobre el efecto del consumo de M. oleifera en la dinámica ruminal. Se planteó un protocolo de búsqueda que permitió sistematizar el proceso para el rastreo de información. La búsqueda identificó trabajos sobre el efecto del consumo de forraje de esta planta sobre la dinámica ruminal en cuanto a digestibilidad y degradabilidad de la materia seca, producción de gases y cambios en población microbiana. Se consultaron 17 bases de datos bibliográficas, obteniéndose 28 artículos y 15 calificados como de calidad aceptable para el tema del estudio. Se concluye que hay una alta variación en los resultados publicados, lo cual está relacionado con la diversidad de las condiciones en que se desarrollan los estudios, material empleado y mezclas con forrajes y concentrados, así como las metodologías y técnicas utilizadas.
Efectos No Genéticos sobre la Reproducción en Vacas Mestizas con Predominio Bos indicus en el Municipio de Arauca, Colombia
Authors: Salamanca Carreño Arcesio , Vélez T. Mauricio , Bentez M. Jannet
Published: May 2017

Los factores no genéticos o ambientales son la principal causa de variación de los parámetros reproductivos en vacas mestizas en regiones tropicales. El objetivo fue determinar algunos factores no genéticos que afectan la edad al primer parto (EPP) y el intervalo entre partos (IEP) en vacas doble propósito en el municipio de Arauca, Colombia. Se analizó la información de 176 y 110 datos de EPP e IEP de vacas con predominio de razas indicus. Se consideró el efecto de los factores fijos para EPP: Finca (FIN: 1, 2, 3), época de primer parto (EPPP: seca, lluviosa), año de primer parto (APP: 1992….2011), sexo de la cría (SCR: M, H). Para IEP: finca (FIN), época de intervalo entre partos (EIP), año de intervalo entre partos (AIEP), sexo de la cría (SCR) y numero de parto (NP: 1…5). Los datos  se analizaron utilizando los procedimientos GLM de SAS y para la comparación de medias se usó el test Duncan con un nivel de significancia 5%. La media estimada para la EPP fue de 1243,56±160,3 días y para el IEP fue de 608,03 ±165,4 días. La FIN y el APP fue un factor de variación significativo (p<0,05) para la EPP, mientras que El NP y el AIEP fue un factor de variación significativo (p<0,05) para el IEP. Los demás factores no fueron significativos (p>0,05) para los parámetros analizados. Se concluye que la influencia ambiental sobre los parámetros reproductivos depende de la región donde se localice el sistema de producción y se relaciona con el manejo técnico y productivo propio de cada finca. Los valores encontrados se consideran adecuados para el sistema de producción dada las condiciones de manejo en la sabana inundable y está dentro del rango establecido para los grupos raciales con predominio de las razas cebuinas.
Prevalencia de Linguatulosis Hepática en Bovinos Beneficiados en una Planta Faenadora de Carnes, Talca, Chile
Authors: Carrillo Parraguez Miguel , Morales Muñoz Pamela , Carvallo Chaigneau Francisco , Abarca Garrido Cristina
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de linguatulosis en hígados de bovinos beneficiados en una planta faenadora de Talca, Chile. Se examinaron 376 hígados y se registró la presencia de lesiones compatibles a linguatulosis, así como la presencia de la ninfa de Linguatula serrata. El 13.8% de los hígados presentaron lesiones compatibles con linguatulosis y en el 48% de estos se llegó al diagnóstico etiológico. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por grupo etario (p=0.187). En el 28% de hígados con diagnóstico etiológico, la linguatulosis fue la única enfermedad parasitaria, en el 60% estuvo asociada con distomatosis y en un solo caso con un quiste hidatídico. La prevalencia de linguatulosis en hígados de bovinos fue de 6.7%, con base en la presencia de ninfas de L. serrata.
Aguas Profundas, un Efecto en la Temperatura para el Manejo de Caligidosis en el Salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar)
Authors: Riquelme Roberto , Olivares-Ferretti Pamela , Fonseca-Salamanca Flery , Parodi Jorge
Published: May 2017

La salmonicultura constituye uno de los pilares de la economía chilena, pero debido al desarrollo de innumerables enfermedades, entre las que destaca la ectoparasitosis causada por Caligus rogercresseyi, los productores de salmón han disminuido sus índices productivos. Debido a esto, se están buscando sistemas alternos para cultivar salmones, siendo uno de ellos el cultivo de peces en aguas profundas, donde la temperatura es menor a la temperatura de la superficie, ya que C. rogercresseyi es un parásito cuyo ciclo de vida es dependiente de la temperatura del agua. El estudio detalla el comportamiento biológico del parásito y el efecto de la profundidad y temperatura de cultivo sobre el establecimiento del parásito en el hospedero.
Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Earnshaw Valerie A. , Elliott Marc N. , Reisner Sari L. , Mrug Sylvie , Windle Michael , Emery Susan Tortolero , Peskin Melissa F. , Schuster Mark A.
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:

Peer victimization is common among youth and associated with substance use. Yet, few studies have examined these associations longitudinally or the psychological processes whereby peer victimization leads to substance use. The current study examined whether peer victimization in early adolescence is associated with alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use in mid- to late adolescence, as well as the role of depressive symptoms in these associations.

METHODS:

Longitudinal data were collected between 2004 and 2011 from 4297 youth in Birmingham, Alabama; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles County, California. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling.

RESULTS:

The hypothesized model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.02; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.95). More frequent experiences of peer victimization in the fifth grade were associated with greater depressive symptoms in the seventh grade (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P < .001), which, in turn, were associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P = .003), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001) in the tenth grade. Moreover, fifth-grade peer victimization was indirectly associated with tenth-grade substance use via the mediator of seventh-grade depressive symptoms, including alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P = .006), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.02[0.01]; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Youth who experienced more frequent peer victimization in the fifth grade were more likely to use substances in the tenth grade, showing that experiences of peer victimization in early adolescence may have a lasting impact by affecting substance use behaviors during mid- to late adolescence. Interventions are needed to reduce peer victimization among youth and to support youth who have experienced victimization.
Perfil científico de estudantes de Medicina em uma universidade pública
Authors: Soares Audrey Cabral Branches , Ferreira Iago Gonçalves , Carreira Luciana Brandão , Ribeiro Thaís Cortez Silva
Published: May 2017

*** Scientific profile of medical students in a public university ***AIMS: To describe the characteristics of scientific activities conducted by medical students at the State University of Pará, Brazil, including their participation in research, events, and publications of medical articles.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2015 with over-18-year-old students from the medical school of the State University of Pará, after they signed an informed consent form for their participation. Thirty students from each academic year (6 in total) answered a questionnaire developed and applied by the researchers. The questionnaire addressed the students’ participation in research activities, the types of research developed, and their scientific production. The participants were grouped according to academic cycles (1st and 2nd years, 3rd and 4th years, and 5th and 6th years). The type of scientific research was classified into four categories: database search, experiments with animals, clinical practice at outpatient clinics and health centers, and analyses of biological samples. The categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentage and compared by the chi-square test. A p ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.RESULTS: Out of 180 assessed students, 96 (53.3%) conducted research. Of these, 23 (12.7%) were 1st- or 2nd-year students, 33 (18.3%) were in the 3rd or 4th year, and 40 (22.2%) were attending the 5th or 6th year. Regarding the type of research, there was a larger participation in database search (26.7%) and in clinical studies (26.7%). Participation of undergraduates in scientific events consisted of poster sessions (40.6%) and oral presentations (14.4%).CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed a high frequency of participation of medical students in research activities, with a major focus on clinical studies and database search. Students from the 3rd to the 6th year showed a higher degree of participation. The students’ scientific production was made known more frequently through their participation in scientific events, especially in poster sessions. There was a paucity of publications by the investigated undergraduate students.
Uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental com uma criança com dificuldades alimentares: Pedro descobriu que gostava de comer
Authors: Ramalho Vera Lúcia Moreira , Ribeiro António Miguel Pereira
Published: May 2017

Este artigo visa descrever a intervenção com uma criança de 7 anos de idade com problemas alimentares: Pedro recusava-se a comer alimentos sólidos desde bebê. A intervenção baseou-se nos princípios cognitivo-comportamentais, incluindo treino parental e exposição gradual aos alimentos evitados, seguida de reforço positivo. Contudo, na fase final, seguiu-se uma orientação narrativa, no sentido de promover a consolidação da mudança, por meio da elaboração de resultados únicos e validação social da mudança. O comportamento alimentar de Pedro melhorou ao longo das 13 sessões. Vale destacar que os ganhos se mantiveram até a última consulta de follow-up que aconteceu 6 meses depois da finalização.
Usos do conceito de eventos privados à luz de proposições pragmatistas
Authors: Borba Aécio , Tourinho Emmanuel Zagury
Published: May 2017

O conceito de eventos privados tem sido apontado na literatura da Análise do Comportamento como central para a abordagem de fenômenos relativos à subjetividade, no contexto de uma adesão à instrumentalidade como critério de verdade. Este trabalho discute os usos do conceito de eventos privados a partir de questões levantadas pelo pragmatismo, filosofia com a qual aquele critério de verdade tem sido consistentemente identificado. É examinado em particular o enfoque relacional verbal na análise de conceitos relativos à privacidade, e como esse enfoque se reflete em uma rejeição do mentalismo e do organicismo. O trabalho segue discutindo a importância da comunidade verbal na produção do "mundo privado" individual. Por fim, ressalta-se que alguns autores afastam-se de uma referência funcional/instrumental ao elaborarem o problema da imprecisão de auto-descrições de eventos privados.
Crianças em risco psicossocial associado à violência doméstica: o desempenho escolar e o autoconceito como condições de proteção
Authors: Milani Rute Grossi , Loureiro Sonia Regina
Published: May 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar crianças com história de risco psicossocial, associado à violência doméstica, que implicou em notificação ao Conselho Tutelar, e compará-las com um grupo de crianças sem história de risco psicossocial, quanto ao autoconceito e ao desempenho escolar. Foram avaliadas 40 crianças, de ambos os sexos, de oito a doze anos, que residiam com pelo menos um dos pais biológicos, distribuídas em dois grupos, um com histórico de violência doméstica; e outro, sem história de risco psicossocial relatada. Procedeu-se à aplicação da Escala Piers-Harris de Autoconceito e do Teste de Desempenho Escolar. As crianças com história de violência doméstica apresentaram um autoconceito mais negativo na área comportamento e mais dificuldade no desempenho escolar na área de escrita. Tais dificuldades sugerem prejuízos em áreas que deveriam funcionar como proteção, ou seja, que essas crianças não contam com alguns recursos essenciais para enfrentarem as tarefas desenvolvimentais da idade escolar.
Intenção de permanência na organização: um constituinte ou consequente do comprometimento organizacional?
Authors: Bastos Antonio Virgilio , Menezes Igor Gomes
Published: May 2017

O desejo de permanecer na organização tem sido considerado ora um componente constituinte, ora um consequente do comprometimento organizacional. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo testar a influência de variáveis atitudinais (bases afetiva e instrumental) e das intenções comportamentais de comprometimento organizacional sobre intenções de permanência na organização. Para testar as relações entre as variáveis da pesquisa foram selecionados 1.869 trabalhadores das regiões norte, nordeste e sul do Brasil, que responderam a um questionário com itens fechados. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se procedimentos de regressão múltipla e modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados apontaram que: a) a medida de intenções de permanência na organização não pode ser predita significantemente por nenhuma das variáveis que compõem a base instrumental; b) a variável que prediz mais fortemente permanência é a base afetiva; e c) as intenções comportamentais de permanência na organização não são constituintes do comprometimento organizacional.
Deve-se retribuir? Gratidão e dívida simbólica na infância
Authors: Castro Fernanda Maria Palhares , Rava Paula Grazziotin Silveira , Hoefelmann Tatiana Buchabqui , Pieta Maria Adélia Minghelli , Freitas Lia Beatriz de Lucca
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se, para as crianças, haveria obrigação de retribuir um favor, enfocando-se as suas justificativas. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais com 30 crianças, distribuídas em três grupos etários (5-6, 7-8 e 11-12 anos). Utilizou-se uma história na qual um adulto (benfeitor) ajuda uma criança (beneficiário) e investigou-se se o beneficiário deveria retribuir o favor. Os resultados indicaram uma evolução na forma como as crianças concebem a obrigação de retribuir: (a) todas as crianças de 5-6 anos enfocaram consequências para o benfeitor; (b) esse tipo de justificativa diminui com a idade; (c) a retribuição para evitar o juízo alheio negativo foi a explicação mais encontrada entre as crianças a partir dos 7 anos; (d) a retribuição como um bem moral apareceu apenas entre as crianças de 11-12 anos. Este trabalho contribui para a compreensão das diferenças entre gratidão e obrigação e traz subsídios para intervenções educativas.
Laços intergeracionais no contexto contemporâneo
Authors: Borges Carolina de Campos , Magalhães Andrea Seixas
Published: May 2017

O presente estudo aborda a articulação entre diferentes gerações na contemporaneidade. No contexto de transformações sociais aceleradas, discute-se a constituição dos laços intergeracionais, analisando mudanças subjetivas e relacionais. Ressalta-se que as diferenças geracionais estão na base do processo de transmissão sociocultural. A partir de estudos psicossociais, abordam-se distintas perspectivas teóricas do conceito de geração em contraposição à categoria idade. Destaca-se o caráter subjetivo da experiência de pessoas de diferentes idades e reflete-se sobre distanciamentos e aproximações entre esses sujeitos. Considera-se que, na contemporaneidade, os laços intergeracionais se estruturam de modo distinto e analisam-se as repercussões da homogeneização de valores baseada na juventude como ideal no processo de identificação intergeracional.
Proposta de reflexão teórica e análise de padrões conceituais com data mining
Authors: Dias Álvaro Machado
Published: May 2017

Mais do que uma teoria ou modelo, a Teoria da Mente se refere a um campo de estudos voltado à habilidade de se prospectar intenções alheias. Visando contribuir para a discussão teórica e a interpretação da literatura no tema, o presente estudo apresenta: 1. Um mapa conceitual do campo, baseado em data mining/text mining; 2. Uma abordagem conceitual inovadora e mais eficiente aos estudos de ToM informacional; 3. Uma discussão crítica da extensão e limites dos principais modelos, baseada na análise da literatura com data/text mining e nas perspectivas teóricas anteriormente alinhavadas.
Briefing: Future climate projections allow engineering planning
Authors: Abraham John , Cheng Lijing , Mann Michael E.
Published: May 2017

It is well established that the climate is changing and much of the change is as a result of human greenhouse gas emissions. Effective strategies for adaptation or mitigation are less agreed on. From an engineering perspective, adaptation strategies require reliable expectations of the climate changes expected over the lifetime of current projects. Such projections are now possible with state-of-the-art observations and computer models that provide information over the next century and beyond. The best estimates suggest that global surface temperatures will increase by approximately 5°C (9°F) over pre-industrial temperatures or approximately 4°C (7°F) over current temperatures by the year 2100.
Used engine oil as alternate binder for buildings – a comparative study
Authors: Nadeem Humayun , Habib Noor Zainab , Aun Ng Choon , Zoorob Salah Elias , Mustaffa Zahiraniza , Mesney Ricardo , Suubitaa Spencer
Published: May 2017

At present, global warming and climate change are the major challenges of foremost significance that substantially influence the earth's environment. The construction sector, especially buildings, is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Conventional building materials such as clay bricks and cement are considered as environmentally unfriendly due to enormous emissions during their production. This paper investigates the utilisation of used engine oil (UEO) as an alternative to the usual cementitious binders. Prototypes were produced from UEO to optimise the compositions and conditions of the process and tested for compressive and flexural strength, permeability and water absorption, respectively, following the ASTM standards. Furthermore, environmental and weathering aspects were also demonstrated to ensure the feasibility of the product. Samples constituting 5% by weight UEO have shown significant results for flexural stress, compressive strength and water absorption and also passed the permeability test. Moreover, 5% of UEO samples have negligible effect in strength for accelerated weathering conditions as demonstrated by the ultraviolet test. Conclusively, UEO can be used as a replacement to conventional binding materials such as a clay bricks and cement. Sustainable development and waste management are the hallmarks of this research.
Milliplex Cytokine/Chemokine 22-plex MAG v1
Authors: Pinto Ligia , Troy Kemp not provided
Published: May 2017

Luminex Milliplex Cytokine/Chemokine 22-plex MAG manufacturer's protocol.
Luminex Milliplex Cytokine/Chemokine 9-plex MAG v1
Authors: Pinto Ligia , Troy Kemp not provided
Published: May 2017

Luminex Milliplex Cytokine/Chemokine 9-plex MAG manufacturer's protocol
Anti-BrdU Staining Using 70% Ethanol and 2N HCl v2
Authors: Miller Kelsey
Published: May 2017

Anti-BrdU Staining Protocol Using 70% Ethanol and 2N HCl
The Effect of L1 Chinese Transfer on L2 English Learning: A Brief Review of the Research
Authors: Li Ming
Published: May 2017

This review examines eight research articles, conducted in the past two decades, focusing on the L1 Chinese transfer on L2 English learning. These studies analyzed the transferred function of L1 Chinese from phonological and morphological aspects. The phonological studies indicated that the Chinese pinyin system contributes to a shared phonological process for bilingual reading acquisition. The morphological studies revealed that both in Chinese and English, inflection, derivation, and compounding are the principal methods for word formation. Thus, practice of morphological principles in Chinese characters contributes to L1 Chinese transfer on L2 English learning. In addition, these studies emphasized that lexical exposure and extensive reading are the best ways to improve Chinese EFL learners’ English comprehension.
Implementing Interest Based Instructional Materials to Minimize EFL Learners’ Speaking Skills De-motivating Factors
Authors: Manurung Konder , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: May 2017

The study aimed to investigate de-motivating factors in speaking in Indonesian EFL learning context and to propose solution to overcome speaking problems in teaching learning process. The description and discussion of findings are based on the results of a longitudinal mixed-method research in teaching Speaking Classes in an English Education Department at University in Indonesia. A qualitative inquiry was implemented to map the de-motivating factors faced by the EFL learners and Classroom Action Research (CAR) design was conducted to improve speaking ability. The results of the study reveal that there are fifteen de-motivating factors that impede the improvement of the speaking ability. The results of the intervention during the CAR cycles, cycle 1 and 2, prove that the implementation of Interest Based Instructional Materials (IBIM) improves the speaking ability. The implementation of IBIM encourages learners to activate their previous knowledge of instructional topics and build up their beliefs in presenting speaking tasks. The improvement in the speaking ability is affected by the role of teachers both during the pre-teaching phase and during the teaching learning process. The implication for the design and the development of instructional materials in Speaking Classes are discussed.
The Construction of Multi-dimensional Interaction Mode in College English Teaching
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing
Published: May 2017

With the increasing importance of English in current society, it’s an urgent task for college English teachers to conduct research on ways of improving college English teaching and learning. In this study, an effective teaching mode---Multi-dimensional interaction mode is trying to be constructed based on the theory of constructivism, communicative language teaching method and interactive teaching mode, in the meantime, the application and practice of this mode is analyzed, and characteristics and effects of this mode are also discussed.
Impact of integration through peer instructed lectures
Authors: Bathini Prapthi Persis , Sen Sumana
Published: May 2017

Background: Integrated case based lectures are widely used as an effective method of teaching and learning. This method not only integrates all the disciplines in a particular year but also presents them in an effective case based format. Over the years, the students were less enthusiastic about this method. In order to make it more student centred and to actively involve them we have introduced peer case based integrated lectures. Peer assisted learning is a strong educational strategy known to benefit peer tutors and learners. This study evaluates the Knowledge gain of both the methods to see if there is any significant difference.Methods: Students in their 2nd year MBBS who agreed to participate were included in the study. After a series of discussions with the curriculum committee, the basic and clinical faculty, topics of public health importance were selected and written case scenarios with a set of relevant questions were formulated. In case based integrated lectures for tuberculosis, lectures were taken by faculty of the pertaining disciplines. In the peer case based integrated lectures on HIV, the same were taken by the students. A pre-test and post test was conducted after each session to know if there is a significant difference in knowledge gain in the two formats.Results: For the case based and peer led case based lectures, the mean student attendance was 90% and 86%. In the pre-test of integrated group on tuberculosis the mean score was 9.96 with standard deviation of 2.38. The post-test of the same group, the mean knowledge score was 13.63 with standard deviation of 2.20. There was significant improvement in knowledge with the case based integrated lectures of 3.67. The p value (0.0001) for this intervention is extremely significant. The post-test marks obtained for integrated and peer integrated group were 13.63±2.20 and 15.86±2.39 respectively. The mean increase in knowledge after peer case based integrated group was 6.1 when compared to increase in knowledge after case based integrated group which was 3.67.Conclusions: Integrated case base lectures is an effective teaching learning tool which can be further made student centric by involving students as peer teachers. Peer teaching is a valuable methodology to engage learners as teachers to improve their knowledge and communication skills as well creating an environment in which the peer audience will likely actively discuss and exchange ideas. Peer assisted learning is need of time to increase critical reasoning skills of medical students.
Myoma in pregnancy and outcome after cesarean myomectomy
Authors: Valson H. , T. Nazer , Mukergee Sukanya
Published: May 2017

Background: The prevalence of leiomyoma is 30% to70% in reproductive women. In addition to causing menstrual disorders like menorrhagia, mass in abdomen, pain and it also negatively affect fertility and pregnancy outcome. Objectives of present study was to investigate the outcome in cases of pregnancy complicated by fibroids undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) in DM WIMS Medical College and Hospital, Wayanad, Kerala, where the prevalence of fibroids is high in reproductive women.Methods: Twelve cases of leiomyoma with pregnancy underwent LSCS with myomectomy following the delivery of the baby. The indications for myomectomy during LSCS taken into consideration were firstly the size of fibroids usually less than 5 cm, mainly single myoma complicating pregnancy and sites like sub serous and intramural. The suturing of the uterus was done using polyglycolic acid of size No. 1 and polyglycolic acid suture of 2 ‘0’ for closing the dead space and with good hemostasis the operation was completed. The indications for cesarean, the average operative time for surgery, the amount of blood loss, and postoperative complications like surgical site infections were noted and outcome recorded.Results: The time taken for surgery was about 45 minutes longer, average blood loss was approximately 300 ml to 500 ml more than for a routine LSCS. There was no surgical site infections or postpartum hemorrhage in any of the cases.Conclusions: Myomectomy with caesarean in selected cases with proper indications is safe and possible in selected cases. It avoids a second surgery with its associated morbidity.
“Trabalhadora não é o feminino de trabalhador": superexploração sobre o trabalho das mulheres
Authors: Pessoa Dantas Maressa Fauzia , Cisne Mirla
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho apresentará o debate sobre as categorias relações sociais de sexo, patriarcado e divisão sexual do trabalho, com o objetivo de compreender os impactos da desigualdade entre os sexos na relação capital-trabalho sobre as mulheres trabalhadoras, bem como a impossibilidade da emancipação feminina na sociedade capitalista. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a dominação/exploração da mulher no marco das relações sociais do modo de produção patriarcal-racista-capitalista com base na perspectiva marxista-feminista.
Sobre o crescimento econômico chinês no longo período: 1952-2014: para uma passagem da análise da contribuição dos fatores até a taxa de lucro
Authors: Herrera Rémy , Long Zhiming
Published: May 2017

Este artigo oferece algumas considerações metodológicas sobre o tema do crescimento da economia chinesa no longo período. A partir do tratamento de estatísticas oficiais chinesas reconstruiremos uma série temporal do estoque de capital físico, o mais extensa possível (1952-2014), a fim de retornar o mais próximo possível da data da constituição da República Popular e estender essa série até os dias atuais, de modo a incorporar o último anuário estatístico publicado no início de 2016 pelo National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). Em segundo lugar, testaremos estes dados para estimar a contribuição dos fatores de produção para o crescimento a partir de um quadro teórico neoclássico, destacando posteriormente as limitações de tais modelos - problemáticos porque acreditamos intransponíveis (parte 2). Num terceiro momento utilizaremos um marco teórico mais original, seguindo o espírito do recente trabalho de Thomas Piketty em “O capital no século XXI”, que combina referências ortodoxas com elementos tomados de empréstimo das formalizações keynesianas e neo-institucionalistas mais antigas. Nesse processo, vários problemas associados à pesquisa de Piketty serão identificados. Finalmente, passaremos da discussão metodológica para nos inserirmos numa perspectiva claramente heterodoxa, através da introdução de um indicador da taxa de lucro, possibilitando assim enriquecer consideravelmente a análise do crescimento da economia chinesa.
Capitalismo e (re) produção de opressões
Authors: Barcelos Gilsa Helena , Salazar Silvia Neves
Published: May 2017

Trata-se de editorial para o V.09, N.01 da revista Argumentum.
Diversidade humana e racismo: notas para um debate radical no serviço social
Authors: Almeida Magali da Silva
Published: May 2017

Artigo produzido para a sessão debates.
Putting the Horse Before the Cart: the Ethical Case for Animal Patient Values in EBVM
Authors: Mills David
Published: May 2017

Patient values represents one of the three cornerstones of contemporary human EBM definitions, and are considered vital to both protect the patient from the tyranny of unsuitable treatment and to ensure the individual is central in clinical decisions. They comprise “unique preferences, concerns and expectations of each patient” (Sackett et al 1996). By stark contrast, EBVM replaces individual patient values with “circumstances of each patient, and the circumstances and values of the owner/carer” (CEVM 2015). There is a danger that in such a conception, animal welfare may not be prioritised in EBVM practice.

Animal patients are not philosophically or scientifically likely to possess the complex values of humans, but it is conceivable that they possess ‘values’ in the context of veterinary interventions, such as preferences, wants, needs and desires; indeed these underlie much animal welfare science. They may be basic, such as the avoidance of suffering and a desire to continue life, or more complex, such as a desire to maximise pleasure or natural behaviour. They are likely to be individual and dynamic. They may be defined as the unique dynamic mental preference state of an animal during the period of veterinary medical or surgical intervention, including avoidance of suffering and maximisation of health and pleasure.

EBVM’s current consideration of patient values only extends to demonstrating effectiveness, or not, of an intervention for an animal. Any intervention involves some physical or mental welfare compromise for animal patients, which may be severe; EBVM aims to ensure this harm 'cost' is consistently outweighed by therapeutic 'benefit'. However, in current EBVM the evidence is often weak, incomplete, contradictory, fuzzy, non-existent or inapplicable, meaning there is a significant risk of causing harm to the patient’s welfare when practising EBVM. This stands in opposition to a veterinary surgeon’s oath and ethical imperative to do no harm, and to do the best for her patients’ welfare (RCVS 2015).

At what point does the risk become ethically unacceptable? The answer comprises both philosophical considerations, and empirical, critically anthropomorphic attributions of values to animals. Such conceptions and techniques are not currently explicitly expounded in EBVM research or practice. Rather than being marginalised or excluded from definitions of EBVM, this presentation will argue that patient values should be the central, primary and overriding consideration in both its practice and research if EBVM is to be an ethically acceptable pursuit.

 
La Psicosis: Un Estudio Desde La Subjetividad
Authors: Arroyo José Manuel García
Published: May 2017

In psychiatry the definition of psychosis has been sustained in the symptoms, without attending practically to the person who suffers them. This phenomenon has intensified since the appearance of the Diagnostic Manuals. In this article we consider psychosis as a "structure", with defined characteristics, and according to this, we will determine which its subjective keys are. To achieve this, we rely on a strategy that allows the study of "interiority" and makes it scientific. The result is a new way of understanding psychosis, so that the classic idea that the psychotic is a person "enclosed in itself" and "incapable of being objective" is destroyed. On the contrary, it is demonstrated a "subjective collapse" that prevents him from having "internal" formations (fantasies, desires, projects, schemes of life, and so on) and keeps him prisoner of the exterior. This explains the lack of sense of the phenomena that he suffers and the absence of insertion in the culture.
Antioxidant Activity And Phenolic Compounds Contents Of Spider Flower (Cleome Arabica Ssp.Arabica), A Well Acclimated Species In The Algerian Desert Areas
Authors: Aicha Madi , Nadia Zaghed , Sihem Halmi , Abdelmalik Belkhiri
Published: May 2017

A detailed study was performed on the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic extract of different plant parts of Cleome Arabica ssp. arabica (CAA) in relation with their total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidins contents in order to find possible sources for future novel antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical formulations. The total yield, total phenolic (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total proanthocyanidins (TPA) contents of all the fractions were also determined. Cleome Arabica ssp. arabica was also subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening test for various constituents. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of three parts (Leaves, seeds and roots) was 78,56 ± 0,01 mg GAEq/g extract, while total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the same parts was 19,57 ± 0,01 mg REq/g extract, and total proanthocyanidins (TPA) was 17,41 ± 0,01 mg CYEq/ g of extract. Leaves extract was found significantly higher as compared to other parts extracts. Phytochemical screening of leaves, seeds and roots extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was determined by three methods DPPH, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum. The obtained results showed that leaves extract has the highest antioxidant capacity with low value of IC50 for DPPH and FRAP and the highest quantity of antioxydants compounds in phosphomolybdenum assay, followed by seeds extract and finally roots extract.
La Flore Ptéridologique de Quelques Endroits Humides de la Région de Kédougou (Sénégal)
Authors: Paterne Mingou , Mathieu Gueye
Published: May 2017

The study of the Pteridophyte flora of some wetlands in the Kedougou region of the Senegal Republic is the subject of this study. This analysis is based on the herbarium material of the pteridological flora harvested in this region and preserved in the herbaria of various institutions of IFAN, Dakar and Paris (P) also on the bibliographic data. This leads to a field mission to re-evaluate pteridophyte flora in this region. The results obtained show that the diversity of pteridophyte in the region of Kedougou is 11 species except for the very young species whose identification could not be made. These species grouped into 7 genera belong to 5 families of which the best represented are the Pteridaceae with 4 species. All the harvested and identified species were encountered in the Herbarium visited. Thus, in order to facilitate access to their identification, it is necessary to propose the tool which means that the document conforms to the identification key on the paper and the vegetative characters have been favored. Most of the pteridophyte were harvested at the Dindefelo cascade with an abundance of the species Adiantum philippense L. which is a species with large distribution because it is found in almost all the prospected places. All of these species are restricted to wetlands and shaded areas with occupation of all habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, saxicolous and epiphytic).
Réveil peropératoire et memorisation: prévalence et aspects cliniques dans un Pays Sub-Saharien
Authors: Lankoandé Martin , Bonkoungou Papougnezambo , Konombo Sylvain , Kaboré Armel Flavien R , Napon Christian , Sanou Joachim , De waroux Bernard Le Polain , Ouédraogo Nazinigouba
Published: May 2017

Objective: To study intraoperative memorization in the service of general surgery of Yalgado Ouedroago teaching Hospital (YO-TH) in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was a prospective study in the service of general surgery of YOTH over 7 months. The inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, absence of psychiatric disorder, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score less than 4, informed consent written. Patients were interviewed at recovery. The questionnaire of Brice et al [8] was used and data were analyzed with SPHINX version 5.0.1 Results: A total of 475 patients were included. The mean age was 40.4 ± 16.3 years. The sex ratio was 1.4. The majority (56%) took psychoactive substance and 78.1% of patients had ASA score 2 or 3. Seven (1.4%) patients reported an explicit perioperative memorization (EPOM +). The mean age of EPOM + patients was 26.8 ± 6.57 years with a sex ratio 1.3. There was difference between EPOM + patients and EMPO - for age (p = 0.0001), occupation (p = 0.009) and antecedent of local anesthesia (p = 0.004). Five patients reported auditory perceptions, four cases of visual perceptions and two tactile perceptions. Pain was the most unpleasant memorization recorded. The psychological consequences of EPOM + were anxiety (2 cases). Conclusion: The frequency of EPOM is low in our context and the main cause was a slight anesthesia.