bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poesia: a pátria possível
Authors: Degrazia José Eduardo
Published: June 2017

A literatura e a poesia sempre estiveram atentas às situações de conflito da sociedade. No momento atual, no qual vemos acirrarem-se os problemas causados por guerras, xenofobia e preconceito, mais do que nunca a literatura deve ocupar o seu espaço tratando de assuntos humanísticos e pacifistas. Sem cair no panfletário e no dogmático, sempre cuidando do que deve ser arte; à poesia cabe um papel importante nos tempos difíceis em que vivemos: o de sustentar o humanismo.
Carta de presentación Vol.2(1)
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: June 2017

La Revista Economía y Administración (E&A) publica esta edición especial en la línea de investigación Educación y Economía que desarrolla el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (IIES). Contiene cuatro estudios enmarcados en el proyecto “Oferta y Demanda de Educación Superior: Sistema Integrado de Valor y Suministro” que analiza, las relaciones de todos los actores involucrados en la Educación Terciaria, contribuyendo a la mejora continua en la articulación entre su demanda y oferta. Para ello, se considera no sólo el proceso de docencia, sino también el de investigación como elementos de suministro de la Educación Superior (ES). Además, se integra la vinculación de la Universidad-Demanda de ES.
Carta de presentación Vol.3(1)
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: June 2017

Largo, sinuoso, incluso intermitente por diferentes vicisitudes por la falta de diferentes tipos derecursos, pero siempre ascendente, ha sido el camino que ha debido recorrer la Revista EconomíaPolítica desde que apareció en el estrado por primera vez en octubre de 1962 (hace 50 años) hastaque, totalmente renovada, ha editado lo que representa su quinto número como Revista Economía &Administración (E&A). . .
Modelo de comercialización en centros de investigación en el estado de Guanajuato, México
Authors: Castrejón Mata Carmen , Hernández Sampieri Roberto , Espinosa Mosqueda Rafael
Published: June 2017

Durante varios años de llevar a cabo la investigación acerca de los factores que han incidido en la falta de comercialización de los productos desarrollados en centros de investigación en el estado de Guanajuato y basándose  en  la información obtenida se desarrolló una propuesta de un modelo de comercialización que lograra integrar los elementos que emergieron como categorías  en las entrevistas aplicadas a responsables e investigadores y que permitiera visualizar la posibilidad de contrarrestar esos factores para lograr que esos productos pudieran satisfacer necesidades existentes en el mercado.
Carta de presentación 4(1)
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: June 2017

Nuevamente el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (IIES) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la UNAH, entrega al público lector la Revista Economía y Administración (E&A) en la que se abordan una serie de temas de investigación aplicados, así como estudios que llevan al descubrimiento fenómenos que enriquecen el acervo cultural y científico de quienes buscan en estas lecturas información, análisis y propuestas que eleven el pensamiento crítico en torno a la problemática nacional e internacional.
La cuarta generación de derechos humanos
Authors: Malta Joseph , Calderón Rutilia , Murcia Héctor
Published: June 2017

Este artículo es un aporte genuino, que llega a posicionar al problema de la pobreza y la exclusión social como motivo suficiente para imaginar otra forma y otra concepción de los derechos humanos: la cuarta generación. Confluyen la argumentación de la ciencia política inclusiva, la socioeconomía y el ecodesarrollo. Se fijan dos énfasis: los derechos de los pueblos y los derechos de la humanidad. La tolerancia, la inclusión y el ecodesarrollo es el fin último de la cuarta generación de los derechos humanos. Se deja en manos de los lectores una nueva teoría de derechos humanos y derecho al desarrollo. Los autores se auxilian de: John Locke, Bernardo Kliksberg y Enrique Leff.
Liderazgos más efectivos en las empresas desarrolladoras de tecnología de clase mundial
Authors: Argueta Moreno Jesús David
Published: June 2017

Este abordaje empírico de tipo cualitativo, contempla de forma descriptiva, el análisis del rendimiento del Capital Humano en relación al tipo de liderazgo ejercido en las empresas desarrolladoras de tecnología de clase mundial, con la finalidad de determinar qué tipo de metodología gerencial (tipo de liderazgo) resulta más eficiente y eficaz en términos de utilidades (a través del I+D+i).Esta investigación se estructuró en 3 segmentos importantes:El estudio de “Como Dirigir Equipos Virtuales”, análisis de Holger Ernst y Martin Hoegl de Harvard Deusto Business Review.El análisis de la Teoría Transformacional, de Bernard Bass y Burns.El contraste de los rasgos entre los líderes clave, de las Empresas Virtuales en el mundo (Apple, Google, Microsoft y Facebook).Los cuales se presentarán articulados de forma tal, los tipos de liderazgos imperan en las empresas de corte mundial en este sector, así como del tipo de liderazgo, que resulta más provechoso para las organizaciones de esta magnitud.El resultado de esta investigación, se espera fomente el análisis de futuras optimizaciones, enfocadas hacia del capital humano en las empresas de corte mundial, en el rubro virtual.
The Health Policy in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Hungary – a review of recent developments
Authors: Kapócs Gábor , Balázs Pèter
Published: June 2017

Mental health problems affect 10–20% of the pediatric population worldwide, with the same prevalence in both the high-income countries (HICs) and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Hungary has a relatively high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children aged 4-17 (15.8%). Psychiatric problems in children are an important public health issue in all countries, as the early diagnosis is important not only for the current well-being of the child, but also for their social and economic development throughout their entire lifetime. This paper reviews the relevant health policy acts of the Hungarian government that have been released during the previous 15 years. All governmental programs followed the current WHO (World Health Organization) and European Union guidelines, indicating the growing influence of the international organizations on the domestic health policy. What is interesting, earlier programs concentrated on local governments and actions, and more recent documents underline the responsibility and role of the state and central government. When analyzing the health policy documents concerning child and adolescent mental health services, a gap between the growing scientific knowledge and its implementation can be seen. The situation of the Hungarian psychiatry has been worsening from 2006 in terms of the capacity of both the in- and outpatient care. Hungary has yet to fulfill the aims of already existing programs in the day-to-day clinical practice.
Renal blood supply and fluid therapy
Authors: Kopitkó Csaba , Medve László , Gondos Tibor
Published: June 2017

There are different underlying mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI) in various type of shock, but restoration of renal blood flow (RBF) is crucial in prevention of AKI. The first 24-48 hours of shock seem to be critical. Monitoring of global RBF and its intrarenal distribution is not possible in current clinical practice. The only way for optimization of renal blood supply is optimization of macrohemodynamics. In volume-responsive AKI, fluid therapy restores kidney function. Many clinical signs and parameters can be of use in determining the volume status. The accuracy of the assessment may be improved with the help of tools quantifying the clinical parameters (e.g. hypovolemic index – HVI). The basis of intravenous fluid therapy are crystalloids, and their effect is reported to be shorter than 120 min. Every form of hydroxyethyl starch has been shown to be harmful for patients at risk of impaired renal function. In sepsis, the boundary between volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive AKI is blurred. Fluid responsiveness can be lost in the course of AKI as early as on the first day of sepsis. According to the results of the ARDS Network study, the conservative approach in fluid therapy resulted in a shorter time of mechanical ventilation and did not affect the renal function, except for a slight increase of the serum creatinine level. Fluid overload is to be avoided, as renal venous and lymphatic congestion can limit the urine filtration rate, further worsening edema.
BODY POSTURE, POSTURAL STABILITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN GOALKEEPERS OF THE POLISH NATIONAL JUNIOR HANDBALL TEAM BODY POSTURE, POSTURAL STABILITY AND BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: Wilczyński Jacek , Dutkiewicz Robert , Wilczyński Igor
Published: June 2017

Aim. The objective of the study was to evaluate body posture, postural stability as well as body composition and to analyze the relationship between these parameters in goalkeepers of the Polish National Junior Handball Team. Basic procedures. The study covered 11 goalkeepers of the Polish National Junior Handball Team, aged 15-19. Body posture was evaluated by the Diers Formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Postural stability was examined using the Biodex Balance System platform. The study was conducted in the Posturology Laboratory at the Institute of Physiotherapy at the Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, UJK in Kielce. Results Main findings. The flattening of the thoracic kyphotic angle and lumbar lordotic angle was observed. The majority of adolescents in the study had residual scoliosis (12.36°). During the Postural Stability Test, all of them remained in Zone A (the best stability), and in the majority of cases had a tendency towards sway to the right posterior (% Time In Quadrant I). A positive correlation was found between the trunk length from vertebra C7 to the central point between the sacral dimples (r=0.6507; p=0.030) and the trunk length VP-SP from C7 to the beginning of the groove between the buttocks, and the percentage of staying in Quadrant 1 (% Time In Quadrant I), i.e. sway to the right anterior (r=0.6317; p=0.037). Conclusions. Handball is a discipline of sports discipline asymmetric in nature, which may be the cause of the occurrence of posture defects. Postural education exercises should be included in the training programme of juniors.
ONCE MORE ON THE METHODS FOR DETERMINING SENSITIVE AND CRITICAL PERIODS IN THE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND THE YOUTH
Authors: Szymańska Elżbieta , Żak Stanisław , Mleczko Edward , Nieroda Renata , Klocek Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Aim. Two objectives were set for realization in this paper: 1. To identify the cohort dynamics of the development of selected physical fitness components in girls and boys studied longitudinally as a basis for distinguishing sensitive and critical periods proposed in sports theory. 2. To carry out a comparative analysis of the individual and cohort development pace of selected motor abilities, taking into account the absolute and relative ages of the subjects in order to confirm the validity of distinguishing the limits of sensitive and critical periods limits with methods used in sports practice. Basic procedures. The research incorporated the results of an eight-year continuous study on 401 children from Krakow. Basic somatic features and anthropometric indicators were measured. Traditional methods were used to distinguish periods of increased dynamics of motor development and of reaching puberty leaps. The age of reaching peak body height has was determined using an original computerized method. In the distinguished fractions of biological development advancement, the individual pace of motor development of 401 boys and girls was determined. Comparative analysis of the cohort development pace of motor skills was conducted using traditional methods in our own and comparative studies, and the individual rate of development of random children who reached puberty at different times. Results. Comparative analysis showed no coherence in the occurrence of dynamic development periods of motor abilities distinguished in the materials from studies on both cohort and individual cases. Conclusions. 1. Differences in studying motor skill development using various methods support the lack of a basis for the use of growth dynamics as a criterion for determining sensitive and critical periods. 2. Using the Montessori concept to designate sensitive and critical periods in the motor development of a child should be considered unfounded.
SELECTED NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOURS OF JUNIOR-HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT BODY MASS FROM THE BIALSKI SCHOOL DISTRICT
Authors: Mandziuk Marta , Kosińska Beata
Published: June 2017

Aim. The aim of the study was to examine the selected nutritional behaviours of junior- high school students with different body mass from the Bialski school district. Basic procedures. Based on international standards for the subjects’ BMI, they were divided into three groups: underweight, norm, and overweight or obese. We used our own personally designed questionnaire to evaluate nutrition behaviours. Results. Body Mass Index (BMI) for most of the subjects, both girls (69.84%) and boys (79.9%) was within the norms. The most commonly noted source of knowledge about health was the media, and the least popular – teachers. Overweight and obese youth declared abiding the principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle less frequently than the rest. More than 65% of the subjects consumed 3 to 5 meals a day. The most common mistakes in eating habits are: irregular eating, snacking in-between meals, frequently eating fast-food meals. Conclusions. The studied youth declared that they adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, however, abnormal nutritional behaviours were observed related to, among others: lack of regularity in eating meals, snacking in-between meals and frequent consumption of fast-food meals. The results of the study indicate the need for education about maintaining a healthy lifestyle and its impact on health.
Effect of ECAP process on structure and hardness of AlMg3 aluminium alloy
Authors: Snopiński P. , Tański T. , Hilšer O. , Lubos A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: In the present study, the effect of ECAP die and number of ECAP pressings on
the structure evolution and hardness of AlMg3 aluminium alloy was investigated.
Design/methodology/approach: Commercial AlMg3 aluminium alloy in the as-cast
condition was processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing method through route A using
two different ECAP dies – conventional and modified with additional twist angle. Samples
were processed at ambient temperature up to four passes. The investigation was carried
out at ambient temperature. Two different ECAP dies were used to investigate the effect of
design modification on the possibility of grain refinement to sub-micrometer size.
Findings: The experimental results showed that the modification of ECAP die provides to
additional grain refinement and introduces a greater amount of plastic strain into the material
which results in greater increase in the properties of the investigated material.
Research limitations/implications: The presented investigation results were carried out
on samples, not on final products.
Practical implications: Current research is moving towards to develop high strength
materials with increased mechanical properties and refined microstructure that are known
as ultra-fine-grained materials, compared to well-known with coarse-grained microstructure.
Originality/value: The paper focuses on the investigation of microstructure evolution
using mainly polarised light microscopy that reveals shear, micro-shear and slip bands that
refine the microstructure of aluminium alloys. In addition, to evaluate the grain size of as
ECAPed specimen, EBSD investigation was carried out.
Au coeur du développement d’une épreuve en mathématique dotée d’un potentiel diagnostique
Authors: Loye Nathalie , Lambert-Chan Josée
Published: June 2017

Le contexte de la formation professionnelle est caractérisé par des élèves hétérogènes dont certains présentent des difficultés importantes relatives aux apprentissages de base en mathématique, tels que les opérations ou l’usage des fractions. Cet article documente en détail les trois phases qui ont permis d’assembler une épreuve en mathématique ayant le potentiel de faire un diagnostic précis de ces difficultés en produisant des données compatibles avec l’application d’un modèle psychométrique de classification diagnostique.
Future scenarios for earthquake and flood risk in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Murnane R. J. , Daniell J. E. , Schäfer A. M. , Ward P. J. , Winsemius H. C. , Simpson A. , Tijssen A. , Toro J.
Published: June 2017

We report on a regional flood and earthquake risk assessment for 33 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Flood and earthquake risk were defined in terms of affected population and affected gross domestic product (GDP). Earthquake risk was also quantified in terms of fatalities and capital loss. Estimates of future population and GDP affected by earthquakes vary significantly among five shared socioeconomic pathways that are used to represent population and GDP in 2030 and 2080. There is a linear relationship between the future relative change in a nation's exposure (population or GDP) and its future relative change in annual average population or GDP affected by earthquakes. The evolution of flood hazard was quantified using a flood model with boundary conditions derived from five different general circulation models and two representative concentration pathways, and changes in population and GDP were quantified using two shared socioeconomic pathways. There is a nonlinear relationship between the future relative change in a nation's exposure (population or GDP) and its future relative change in its annual average population or GDP affected by floods. Six regions can be defined for positive and negative relative change in population that designate whether climate change can temper, counter, or reinforce relative changes in flood risk produced by changes in population or exposure. The departure from the one‐to‐one relationship between a relative change in a nation's population or GDP and its relative change in flood risk could be used to inform further efforts at flood mitigation and adaptation.
Foreshock wave interaction with the magnetopause: Signatures of mode conversion
Authors: Shi Feng , Cheng Lei , Lin Yu , Wang Xueyi
Published: June 2017

Our previous hybrid simulation (Shi et al., 2013) under a radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and a supercritical solar wind Mach number has shown that foreshock compressional waves originated from the quasi‐parallel (Q‐∥) shock are mode converted to kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) at the Alfvén resonance surface of the subsolar magnetopause. In this paper, three‐dimensional global dayside mode conversion is investigated for cases under various solar wind conditions using the global hybrid model. The global patterns and propagations of KAWs are distinguished and presented. Under a near‐critical Mach number (MA=3), KAW structures due to mode conversion exhibit a feature of broader excitation regions in the magnetopause boundary layer (MPBL) compared to supercritical Mach number (MA=5) shocks. For cases with an oblique IMF with supercritical Mach numbers (MA=5), the amplitude of magnetosheath compressional waves is larger at the quasi‐parallel shock (Q‐∥) than at the quasi‐perpendicular (Q‐⊥) shock. Downstream of the Q‐∥ shock, there is a general trend that the perturbations of density (N) and magnetic field (B) change from predominantly in‐phase in the magnetosheath to antiphase near the MPBL. While downstream of the Q‐⊥ shock, an antiphase relation between N and B is dominant throughout the magnetosheath and magnetopause except near the shock transition. The compressional drivers are found to reach an extended region of the magnetopause due to the combined effects of wave propagation in the plasma frame and flow convection, leading to a broad region of mode conversion at the magnetopause. Subsequently, the resulting KAWs can be carried to the regions downstream of the Q‐⊥ shock owing to the flow convection at the magnetopause. The KAWs propagate poleward along the geomagnetic field lines and meanwhile are carried tailward by the ambient flows, and they are more intense in the downstream of Q‐∥ shocks than downstream of Q‐⊥ shocks.
Three‐dimensional pathways of water masses in the South China Sea: A modeling study
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Gan Jianping
Published: June 2017

We conduct a numerical Eulerian analysis on the Lagrangian characteristics of South China Sea (SCS) water masses. This is the first study to investigate the water pathway and residence time in response to time‐dependent, three‐dimensional basin circulation in the SCS. The circulation of the SCS is largely determined by westward intrusions of the northwestern Pacific waters in the upper layer (0–750 m) and deep layer (>1500 m), and by an eastward extrusion in the intermediate layer (750–1500 m) through Luzon Strait (LS). The waters in these three layers are interlinked to sustain the three‐dimensional circulation in the SCS. The upper intrusive waters flow cyclonically and have a residence time of ∼3 years before they subduct into a deeper layer or exit the SCS through surrounding straits. The intrusive denser waters in the deep layer flow along the northern slope and reside for ∼25 years in the northern basin (north of 13°N), where a strong subduction occurs. A cyclonic circulation exists in the deep layer in the southern basin (south of 13°N), where a subduction of intermediate waters occurs over its eastern side and a deep upwelling exists over its western side. The water in the deep southern basin has a residence time of ∼40 years. The upwelled deep waters and the subducted waters from the upper layer form the intermediate water, where waters circulate anti‐cyclonically toward LS and have a longest residence time (∼42 years). These findings are supported by the spatial variation in the observed potential density variance.
On the relative importance of radiative and dynamical heating for tropical tropopause temperatures
Authors: Birner Thomas , Charlesworth Edward J.
Published: June 2017

The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) shows a curious stratification structure: temperature continues to decrease beyond the level of main convective outflow (∼200 hPa) up to the cold point tropopause (∼100 hPa), but the TTL is more stably stratified than the upper troposphere. A cold point tropopause well separated from the level of main convective outflow has previously been shown to be consistent with the detailed radiative balance in the TTL even without dynamical effects. However, the TTL is also controlled by adiabatic cooling due to large‐scale upwelling within the Brewer‐Dobson circulation, which creates the extremely low stratospheric water vapor content via freeze drying. Here we study the role of water vapor and ozone radiative heating on the detailed temperature structure of the TTL based on idealized single‐column radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations. An atmosphere without adiabatic cooling due to upwelling results in much higher stratospheric water vapor content; the resulting altered radiative heating structure is shown to push the TTL in a regime of radiative control by water vapor. The TTL structure is furthermore shown to be strongly sensitive to the altitude where ozone sharply transitions from tropospheric to stratospheric values. Adiabatic cooling due to upwelling is found to reduce the radiative control by water vapor, resulting primarily in a negative transport‐radiation feedback. Conversely, the radiative control by ozone is enhanced due to upwelling—a positive transport‐radiation feedback. The particularly strong ozone radiative effect may explain about half of the reported spread in cold point temperatures (∼10 K) in current climate models.
Reduced ENSO variability at the LGM revealed by an isotope‐enabled Earth system model
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Liu Zhengyu , Brady Esther , Otto‐Bliesner Bette , Zhang Jiaxu , Noone David , Tomas Robert , Nusbaumer Jesse , Wong Tony , Jahn Alexandra , Tabor Clay
Published: June 2017

Studying the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the past can help us better understand its dynamics and improve its future projections. However, both paleoclimate reconstructions and model simulations of ENSO strength at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka B.P.) have led to contradicting results. Here we perform model simulations using the recently developed water isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM). For the first time, model‐simulated oxygen isotopes are directly compared with those from ENSO reconstructions using the individual foraminifera analysis (IFA). We find that the LGM ENSO is most likely weaker comparing with the preindustrial. The iCESM suggests that total variance of the IFA records may only reflect changes in the annual cycle instead of ENSO variability as previously assumed. Furthermore, the interpretation of subsurface IFA records can be substantially complicated by the habitat depth of thermocline‐dwelling foraminifera and their vertical migration with a temporally varying thermocline.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation‐time scale covariation of sea surface salinity and freshwater flux in the western tropical and northern subtropical Pacific
Authors: Nagano Akira , Hasegawa Takuya , Ueki Iwao , Ando Kentaro
Published: June 2017

We examined the covariation of sea surface salinity (SSS) and freshwater flux in the western tropical and northern subtropical Pacific on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation time scale, using a canonical correlation analysis of monthly data between 2001 and 2013. The dominant covariation, i.e., the first canonical mode, has large positive and negative amplitudes in regions east of the Philippines and New Guinea, respectively, and reaches peaks in autumn to winter of El Niño years. The positive SSS anomaly east of the Philippines is advected to the Kuroshio Extension region. We found that the second canonical mode is another coupled variation with localized amplitudes of SSS under the atmospheric convergence zones in winter to spring of La Niña years. However, the negative SSS anomaly is annihilated possibly by the evaporation in the subtropical region.
Long‐term (2005–2014) trends in formaldehyde (HCHO) columns across North America as seen by the OMI satellite instrument: Evidence of changing emissions of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zhu Lei , Mickley Loretta J. , Jacob Daniel J. , Marais Eloïse A. , Sheng Jianxiong , Hu Lu , Abad Gonzalo González , Chance Kelly
Published: June 2017

Satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns provide top‐down information on emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We examine the long‐term trends in HCHO columns observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument from 2005 to 2014 across North America. Biogenic isoprene is the dominant source of HCHO, and its emission has a large temperature dependence. After correcting for this dependence, we find a general pattern of increases in much of North America but decreases in the southeastern U.S. Over the Houston‐Galveston‐Brazoria industrial area, HCHO columns decreased by 2.2% a−1 from 2005 to 2014, consistent with trends in emissions of anthropogenic VOCs. Over the Cold Lake Oil Sands in the southern Alberta in Canada, HCHO columns increased by 3.8% a−1, consistent with the increase in crude oil production there. HCHO variability in the northwestern U.S. and Midwest could be related to afforestation and corn silage production. Although NOx levels can affect the HCHO yield from isoprene oxidation, we find that decreases in anthropogenic NOx emissions made only a small contribution to the observed HCHO trends.
Large biogenic contribution to boundary layer O3‐CO regression slope in summer
Authors: Cheng Ye , Wang Yuhang , Zhang Yuzhong , Chen Gao , Crawford James H. , Kleb Mary M. , Diskin Glenn S. , Weinheimer Andrew J.
Published: June 2017

Strong correlation between O3 and CO was observed during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER‐AQ) aircraft experiment in July 2011 over the Washington‐Baltimore area. The observed correlation does not vary significantly with time or altitude in the boundary layer. The observations are simulated well by a regional chemical transport model. We analyze the model results to understand the factors contributing to the observed O3‐CO regression slope, which has been used in past studies to estimate the anthropogenic O3 production amount. We trace separately four different CO sources: primary anthropogenic emissions, oxidation of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds, oxidation of biogenic isoprene, and transport from the lateral and upper model boundaries. Modeling analysis suggests that the contribution from biogenic isoprene oxidation to the observed O3‐CO regression slope is as large as that from primary anthropogenic CO emissions. As a result of decrease of anthropogenic primary CO emissions during the past decades, biogenic CO from oxidation of isoprene is increasingly important. Consequently, observed and simulated O3‐CO regression slopes can no longer be used directly with an anthropogenic CO emission inventory to quantify anthropogenic O3 production over the United States. The consistent enhancement of O3 relative to CO observed in the boundary layer, as indicated by the O3‐CO regression slope, provides a useful constraint on model photochemistry and emissions.
Erosion and refilling of the plasmasphere during a geomagnetic storm modeled by a neural network
Authors: Chu X. N. , Bortnik J. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Angelopoulos V. , Thorne R. M.
Published: June 2017

We present a history‐dependent model of the equatorial plasma density of the inner magnetosphere using a feedforward neural network with two hidden layers. As the model inputs, we take locations and time series of SYM‐H, AL, and F10.7 indices. By considering not only the instantaneous values but also the past values of geomagnetic and solar indices, the model is history dependent on levels of geomagnetic and solar activity. The modeled electron density is continuous both spatially and temporally so that the evolution of the density can be studied (such as plasmaspheric refilling). The model is trained using the electron density inferred from the spacecraft potential from three THEMIS probes. The equatorial electron density is shown to be accurately reconstructed with a correlation coefficient of r ~ 0.953 between data and model target. Since the model is history dependent, it succeeds in reconstructing various density features and dynamic behaviors, such as the quiet time plasmasphere, erosion and recovery of the plasmasphere, as well as the plume formation during a storm on 4 February 2011. Our model may provide unprecedented insight into the behavior of the equatorial density at any time and location; as an example we show the inferred refilling rate from our model and compare it to previous estimates.
Lunar tides in total electron content over Brazil
Authors: Paulino A. R. , Lima L. M. , Almeida S. L. , Batista P. P. , Batista I. S. , Paulino I. , Takahashi H. , Wrasse C. M.
Published: June 2017

Using data from Global Navigation Satellite Systems dual frequency receivers, the lunar tides were studied in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Brazil from 2011 to 2014. In order to calculate the amplitudes and phases of the lunar tides, quiet magnetic days within a 27 day (window) have been used to remove the solar rotation effects. Relative residuals TEC were calculated by performing a spectral analysis by removing the solar tide contributions. Lastly, a lunar month size window was used to calculate the amplitude and phase of the lunar components. Lunar diurnal tide amplitudes showed a semiannual variation with maximum in the equinox months for almost all latitudes, while lunar semidiurnal amplitudes were larger in December and January and may be related to sudden stratospheric warming events. Both components did not display significant longitudinal variation what could be due to the short range of longitude (30°). Lunar diurnal amplitudes were basically uniform over Brazil, while lunar semidiurnal amplitudes showed some peaks over the equatorial ionization anomaly crest and minimum values near the magnetic equator.
The nonlinear interactions between O+ ions and oxygen band EMIC waves
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Pan Zhirui , Zhai Hao , Gao Zhuxiu , Sun Kang , Zhang Yusheng
Published: June 2017

During geomagnetically active times, O+ ions from the ionosphere become an important ion component in the ring current, which changes the dispersion relations and significantly enlarges the growth rate of oxygen band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Motivated by a large number of oxygen band EMIC wave observations in the inner magnetosphere, we study the nonlinear motions of ring current O+ ions caused by the cyclotron resonance with oxygen band EMIC waves. A dimensionless parameter R is used to characterize the competition between wave‐induced and adiabatic motions. The numerical calculations based on gyroaveraged test particle equations are performed. For typical 20 keV O+ ions at L = 5, two kinds of nonlinear processes occur simultaneously when αeq > 59° (R < 2.16): the phase trapping and phase bunching. The phase trapping tends to transport the O+ ions away from the loss cone and reduce the overall loss rate estimated from the quasi‐linear theory. Instead, phase bunching tends to increase the overall loss rate. The phase‐trapped O+ ions have chance to be accelerated drastically, reaching 750% of the initial energy. These O+ ions move forward and backward alternatively along the field lines when they are bouncing back to the equator, forming a periodic energy variation which has not been reported before. The results suggest that the oxygen band EMIC waves, which appear frequently during storms, should be considered in the ring current dynamics in terms of nonlinear acceleration and resonance scattering of ring current particles.
“The Easier the Better” Preparation of Efficient Photocatalysts—Metastable Poly(heptazine imide) Salts
Authors: Chen Zupeng , Savateev Aleksandr , Pronkin Sergey , Papaefthimiou Vasiliki , Wolff Christian , Willinger Marc Georg , Willinger Elena , Neher Dieter , Antonietti Markus , Dontsova Dariya
Published: June 2017

Cost‐efficient, visible‐light‐driven hydrogen production from water is an attractive potential source of clean, sustainable fuel. Here, it is shown that thermal solid state reactions of traditional carbon nitride precursors (cyanamide, melamine) with NaCl, KCl, or CsCl are a cheap and straightforward way to prepare poly(heptazine imide) alkali metal salts, whose thermodynamic stability decreases upon the increase of the metal atom size. The chemical structure of the prepared salts is confirmed by the results of X‐ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies, powder X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies, and, in the case of sodium poly(heptazine imide), additionally by atomic pair distribution function analysis and 2D powder X‐ray diffraction pattern simulations. In contrast, reactions with LiCl yield thermodynamically stable poly(triazine imides). Owing to the metastability and high structural order, the obtained heptazine imide salts are found to be highly active photocatalysts in Rhodamine B and 4‐chlorophenol degradation, and Pt‐assisted sacrificial water reduction reactions under visible light irradiation. The measured hydrogen evolution rates are up to four times higher than those provided by a benchmark photocatalyst, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride. Moreover, the products are able to photocatalytically reduce water with considerable reaction rates, even when glycerol is used as a sacrificial hole scavenger.
Organocatalytic Heterocyclization Driven by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Enantioselective Access to Multi‐heteroatomic Cyclic Structures Mediated by Cinchona Alkaloid‐based Catalysts
Authors: Capaccio V. , Capobianco A. , Stanzione A. , Pierri G. , Tedesco C. , Di Mola A. , Massa A. , Palombi L.
Published: June 2017

A new class of multi‐heteroatomic cyclic compounds containing N, S and O has been achieved in an enantioselective fashion via desymmetrization of 2‐cyano‐N‐tosylbenzylidenimine with thiols and subsequent catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). Both organo‐ and phase transfer catalysis based on cinchona alkaloids having two H‐bonding coordination sites proved to be effective to furnish very good level of enantioselectivity (up to 95:5 er) in the heterocyclization of racemic N‐Tosyl‐protected N,S‐acetals deriving from 2‐formyl benzonitriles.

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Growth hormone excess in children with neurofibromatosis type‐1 and optic glioma
Authors: Cambiaso Paola , Galassi Stefania , Palmiero Melania , Mastronuzzi Angela , Del Bufalo Francesca , Capolino Rossella , Cacchione Antonella , Buonuomo Paola S. , Gonfiantini Michaela V. , Bartuli Andrea , Cappa Marco , Macchiaiolo Marina
Published: June 2017

In children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and optic pathways glioma (OPG), growth hormone (GH) excess has been rarely reported and mainly associated to central precocious puberty. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of GH excess, the association with central precocious puberty, the relation with tumor site and the evolution over time in a large cohort of children with NF1 and OPG. Sixty‐four NF1 children with OPG were evaluated. Patients with stature and/or height velocity >2 SD for age were studied for GH secretion. Seven out of 64 children (10.9%) with NF1 and optic pathways glioma showed GH excess, isolated in 5 cases and associated to central precocious puberty in 2. All the children with GH excess had a tumor involving the chiasma. Children with GH excess underwent medical treatment with lanreotide and a minimum clinical/biochemical follow up of 2 years is reported. The present study demonstrates that GH excess should be considered as a relative frequent endocrine manifestation in NF1 patients, similarly to central precocious puberty. Therefore, these patients should undergo frequent accurate auxologic evaluations. On the other hand, an increase in height velocity in children with NF1, even despite normal ophthalmological exams, can suggest the presence of OPG and therefore represents an indication to perform brain MRI.
Dual molecular diagnosis contributes to atypical Prader–Willi phenotype in monozygotic twins
Authors: Jehee Fernanda S. , de Oliveira Valdirene T. , Gurgel‐Giannetti Juliana , Pietra Rafaella X. , Rubatino Fernando V. M. , Carobin Natália V. , Vianna Gabrielle S. , de Freitas Mariana L. , Fernandes Karla S. , Ribeiro Beatriz S. V. , Brüggenwirth Hennie T. , Ali‐Amin Roza ,   Baylor‐Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, White Janson J. , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Gibbs Richard A. , Lupski James R. , Varela Monica C. , Koiffmann Célia , Rosenberg Carla , Carvalho Cláudia M. B.
Published: June 2017

We describe monozygotic twin girls with genetic variation at two separate loci resulting in a blended phenotype of Prader–Willi syndrome and Pitt–Hopkins syndrome. These girls were diagnosed in early infancy with Prader–Willi syndrome, but developed an atypical phenotype, with apparent intellectual deficiency and lack of obesity. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization confirmed a de novo paternal deletion of the 15q11.2q13 region and exome sequencing identified a second mutational event in both girls, which was a novel variant c.145+1G>A affecting a TCF4 canonical splicing site inherited from the mosaic mother. RNA studies showed that the variant abolished the donor splicing site, which was accompanied by activation of an alternative non‐canonical splicing‐site which then predicts a premature stop codon in the following exon. Clinical re‐evaluation of the twins indicated that both variants are likely contributing to the more severe phenotypic presentation. Our data show that atypical clinical presentations may actually be the expression of blended clinical phenotypes arising from independent pathogenic events at two loci.
SERPINI1 pathogenic variants: An emerging cause of childhood‐onset progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Ranza Emmanuelle , Garcia‐Tarodo Stephanie , Varvagiannis Konstantinos , Guipponi Michel , Lobrinus Johannes A. , Bottani Armand , Kern Ilse , Kurian Mary , Pittet Marie‐Pascale , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Fluss Joel , Korff Christian M.
Published: June 2017

Progressive myoclonic epilepsies are rare neurodegenerative diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and genetic heterogeneity that render their diagnosis perplexing. Discovering new imputable genes has been an ongoing process in recent years. We present two pediatric cases of progressive myoclonic epilepsy with SERPINI1 pathogenic variants that lead to a severe presentation; we highlight the importance of including this gene, previously known as causing an adult‐onset dementia‐epilepsy syndrome, in the genetic work‐up of childhood‐onset progressive myoclonic epilepsies.
The importance of phase analysis in multiexon copy number variation detected by aCGH in autosomal recessive disorder loci
Authors: Gillentine Madelyn A. , Schaaf Christian P. , Patel Ankita
Published: June 2017

Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in VPS13B, also known as COH1. Over 100 pathogenic variants in VSP13B, primarily truncations, and copy number variants, have been found in patients with CS. Here, we present an 11‐month‐old girl with CS caused by two multi‐exonic small deletions in VSP13B in trans. Array comparative genomic hybridization has revolutionized the field of genome copy number analysis down to the exonic level, however it has its limitations. It cannot detect balanced structural variation nor determine the phase of copy number variants. Heterozygous multi‐exonic copy number variation in autosomal recessive genes should be interpreted in the context of a clinical phenotype, and, if warranted, phase analysis should be performed before sequence analysis for that gene is pursued. This patient emphasizes the need of obtaining clinical information and determining the phase in multi‐exonic copy number variants for accurate diagnosis and risk counseling.
Expanding the allelic disorders linked to TCTN1 to include Varadi syndrome (Orofaciodigital syndrome type VI)
Authors: Al‐Qattan Mohammad M. , Shaheen Ranad , Alkuraya Fowzan S.
Published: June 2017

Varadi syndrome is a subtype of orofaciodigital syndrome (OFDS) that combines the typical features of OFDS and the posterior fossa features of Joubert syndrome. The only gene known to be mutated in Varadi syndrome is C5ORF42. In this report, we describe the phenotype of a patient with Varadi syndrome who is homozygous for a previously reported mutation in TCTN1 (NM_001082538.2:c.342‐2A>G, p.Gly115Lysfs*8) and suggest that allelic disorders linked to TCTN1 include Varadi syndrome, in addition to Joubert syndrome and Meckel–Gruber syndrome.
Hexafluoroisopropanol‐Promoted Metal‐Free Allylation of Silyl Enol Ethers with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Pérez Juana M. , Maquilón Cristina , Ramón Diego J. , Baeza Alejandro
Published: June 2017

A metal‐free protocol for the reaction of silyl enol ethers with allylic alcohols based on the use of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol as a promoter able to activate both reactants, is described. This simple and straightforward transformation proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, rendering the corresponding allylated products in generally good yields.
The effect of infant vocalization in alloparental responsiveness of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Barbosa Maricele Nascimento , Mota Maria Teresa da Silva , Barbosa Marcela Nascimento
Published: June 2017

Among mammals, alloparental care can be influenced by hormones as well as by previous experience and sensory stimuli from the infants, such as sight and sound, smell, and physical contact with the infant. To determine the responsiveness of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) nonreproductive females and males with and without previous experience in caretaking to infant sensory cues, we exposed 12 females and 12 males to vocalization recordings for 10 min under two conditions: (1) exposure to adult conspecific vocalization recordings, and (2) exposure to infant vocalization recordings. We recorded the frequency of approach toward the sound source, the time spent near it and locomotion frequency of males and females in the cage under both conditions. Blood samples were collected after each test for cortisol measuring by EIA method. The infant vocalization affects the behavioral and hormonal responses of males and females of common marmosets. The animals approached and spent more time near the sound source and showed an increase in locomotion during infant vocalization exposure compared to the adult vocalization. However, there was no significant difference in the behavioral response of animals when previous experience and the sex were taken into account. In both sexes, cortisol levels were significantly higher following infant vocalization exposure compared to the adult vocalization. These findings suggest that the infant vocalization appears to be an effective cue that facilitates the approach of the caregiver and maintaining their responsiveness and that the cortisol seems to be important for alertness to sensory stimuli, modulating their motivation to interact with the infant.
Better documentation in electronic medical records would lead to an increased use of lower extremity venous ultrasound in the inpatient setting: a retrospective study
Authors: Takechi Daisuke , Kuroda Naoto , Dote Hisashi , Kim Euido , Yonekawa Osamu , Watanabe Takuya , Urano Tetsumei , Homma Yoichiro
Published: June 2017

Aim

We hypothesized that the quality of the assessment of abnormal laboratory data in the emergency department (ED) could affect the hospital‐attending physicians’ decision‐making after a patient's hospitalization. To test this hypothesis, we investigated how patients with a positive D‐dimer result were reported by ED physicians in electronic medical records, and measured whether lower extremity venous ultrasonography examination was undertaken during hospitalization by the hospital‐attending physicians.

Methods

In an urban tertiary acute care general hospital in Japan, between January 2012 and December 2013, we included patients hospitalized after a positive D‐dimer measurement (≥1.0 μg/mL) that was taken in the emergency department. We retrospectively measured the quality of ED physician assessments. Then we examined whether that affected the decisions of attending physicians to order lower extremity venous ultrasonography examinations during hospitalization. The exposure variable was the quality of the ED physicians’ assessment of patients with positive D‐dimer results. The outcome was whether a lower extremity venous ultrasonography examination was ordered by the attending physician during hospitalization.

Results

When assessments were described by ED physicians for patients with positive D‐dimer results, the attending physicians frequently ordered lower extremity venous ultrasonography (odds ratio, 10.74; 95% confidence interval, 5.92–19.50), even if the assessments only contained “copied and pasted” laboratory data (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.10–2.40).

Conclusions

Better documentation by ED physicians, regarding patients with positive D‐dimer results, strongly affected the decisions made by attending physicians to order lower extremity venous ultrasonography examination.