bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plantas ruderales del área urbana de Malinalco, Estado de México, México
Authors: Martínez-De La Cruz Isabel , Vibrans Heike , Lozada-Pérez Lucio , Romero-Manzanares Angélica , Aguilera-Gómez Luis Isaac , Rivas-Manzano Irma Victoria
Published: December 2015

Ruderal plants are synanthropic species that grow in disturbed places associated with human settlements. Very little information is available on this group of plants in Mexico. This work presents a floristic list of the ruderal plants of the Malinalco, Mexico State, urban area. This is a region located in the ecotone between temperate and tropical climates and has a long history of human habitation. In addition, we analyzed the biogeographical composition and life forms. Between May 2008 and April 2009, the town was surveyed systematically and monthly, collecting vascular plants in vacant lots, walls, and sidewalks of Malinalco. Data on the origin and distribution of the species were obtained from the literature. We calculated the estimated richness in order to verify the sufficiency of the collection effort, the floristic richness per area unit (species) and the floristic similarity (genera) between Malinalco and Mexico City. Malinalco was richer in ruderal species than Mexico City, considering the differences in size; the two cities shared over 60 % of the genera. The dominant life form was perennial herbs. Natives represented 73.6 % of the species, but very few (less than 9 %) were endemics to Mexico; 59.3 % had a wide distribution in the American continent. The introduced species originated mainly from the Old World, particularly Europe. The low proportion of grasses was notable. Adiantum concinnum, Asparagus officinalis and Cuphea micropetala are new records for synanthropic species in Mexico State.
How does the presence of endosperm affect seed size and germination?
Authors: Valencia-Díaz Susana , Flores-Morales Alejandro , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Perea-Arango Irene
Published: December 2015

Endospermic seeds may germinate more successfully than non-endospermic seeds. The quantity of reserves of endosperm is directly related to seed size; large seeds may present higher percentages of germination than small seeds. We investigate whether the capacity for germination differs between seeds with and without endosperm in two species of Brassicaceae (Lepidium virgnicum and Brassica rapa) and two species of Fabaceae (Crotalaria pumila and Medicago sativa). We also investigate whether seed size within each seed type influences percentage of germination. Seeds were collected from populations of these species, weighed and classified as large or small seeds. Large and small seeds of species of both families, with both endospermic and non-endospermic seeds, were germinated under controlled conditions. Endospermic seeds of Brassicaceae presented a higher percentage of germination than the non-endospermic seeds. Non-endospermic seeds of Fabaceae germinated more than the endospermic seeds of the same family. Regardless of the presence of endosperm, large seeds presented a higher percentage of germination than small seeds. However, it is not possible to generalize that seeds with endosperm will be of greater size and thus present higher percentages of germination, since the species of Fabaceae do not fit this pattern. It is inferred that the endosperm acts as a storage tissue in Brassicaceae, while in Fabaceae it may function more as a protective barrier for the embryo, but this requires further investigation.
Genetic structure and genetic diversity of Swietenia macrophylla in areas subjected to selective logging in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Alcalá Raúl Ernesto , De la Cruz Silvia , Gutiérrez-Granados Gabriel
Published: December 2015

The hypothesis that selective logging has a negative effect by altering the genetic parameters of tropical tree species was evaluated. The genetic diversity and genetic structure between adult trees (N = 47) and saplings (N = 50) of Swietenia macrophylla were contrasted within an area subjected to selective logging in the Mayan zone. Although differences in the number of alleles and in their frequencies were detected between both groups, the observed and expected heterozygosity and the coefficient of fixation were statistically similar. Evidence of higher genetic structure in the group of saplings was revealed by both, the autocorrelation and the factor correspondence analyses. The genetic differences observed in this study are compatible with those expected under scenarios of disruption in the local pattern of gene ow produced by selective logging. The implication of these results on the conservation genetics of Swietenia macrophylla in the Mayan zone is discussed.
Foreign and Russian Psychophysiological Studies of Musical Abilities of Newborns: a Review
Authors: Gavrilova A.A.
Published: December 2015

We provide an overview of foreign and Russian psychophysiological research on the problem of musical abilities of newborns. We discuss aspects of formation of the musical ear (pitch, harmonic, timbre, dynamic) and rhythm. As a result, we identified the following auditory abilities of infants: 1. The ability to detect and decay of sound; 2. The ability to automatically detect repetitive sound sequences; 3. The categorization of surrounding sound; and 4. The semantic aspects of musical perception that receive intensive development in the first months of life. The state-of-the-art diagnostic methods, such as optical tomography and magnetoencephalography, allow direct approach to solving the problem of how the musical abilities are formed in early ontogeny.
On the Problem of the Development of Patristic Psychology in the Context of Modern Psychological Research: Christmas Meeting at the Psychological Institute
Authors: Serova O.E. , Guseva E.P.
Published: December 2015

Provides an overview of meaningful moments of discussion that took place at the round table "Patristic psychology – the basis of self-Orthodox civilization" – the scientific and practical measures aimed at deepening the discussion of the methodological foundations of the analysis of the psychological aspects of the patristic heritage as an important factor in the formation of moral-oriented tendencies of modern psychology and teaching practice, jointly prepared by the staff of the Psychological Institute of RAO and the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.
Emerging molecular-targeted therapies—the challenging case of endometrial cancer
Authors: Vasconcelos Ines
Published: December 2015

Endometrial cancer newly affects an estimated 54,870 women in the United States, being responsible for an estimated 10,170 deaths in 2015. It has demonstrated to harbor a complex carcinogenesis process, with limited treatment options for advanced or persistent disease. Identification and targeting of genetic alterations that lead to progressive disease and therapy resistance is not only challenging, but also often does not correlate with a clinical benefit. Targeted maintenance therapies in endometrial cancer have been largely disappointing. Nonetheless, targeted personalized treatment should be the main goal of treatment of advanced disease in the future. Due to the high variety of drugs being tested in early clinical trials, it is hard to keep pace with the latest developments and ongoing trials. This review aims to summarize the latest published and ongoing trials on targeted therapies in endometrial cancer.
Effect of Mechanical Activation on Ti3AlC2 Max Phase Formation under Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Potanin A.Yu. , Loginov P.A. , Levashov E.A. , Pogozhev Yu.S. , Patsera E.I. , Kochetov N.A.
Published: December 2015

In this study, we have investigated the effect of various mechanical activation (MA) modes on phase and structure formation in powder mixtures made up to produce Ti3AlC2 MAX phase. The optimal MA duration has been established which results in the maximum heat release under SHS due to accumulation of structural defects leading to the growth of internal energy. The effect of MA on the character and kinetics of combustion front propagation has been investigated. It was shown that following pretreatment of a powder mixture in a planetary ball mill, the combustion mode changes from stationary to a pulsating combustion and, consequently, the combustion rate decreases. The burning-out of the sample is partial and with interruptions (depressions). Force SHS-pressing technology was used for obtaining of compacted samples with homogeneous structure based on Ti3AlC2.
Improvement of a Preparation Process of Chromite Raw Material Used for Ferroalloys and Pigments Manufacture
Authors: Zhantasov K.T. , Myrhalykov Zh.U. , Turakulov B.B. , Zhantasov M.K. , Kocherov E.N. , Zhantasova D.M.
Published: December 2015

The given article contains the research results of carbon-containing chromite pellets’ production from off-grade raw material with application of internal coal-mining overburden rocks as flux. Besides, for the purpose of improvement of ecological situation in industrial regions and expansion of a raw-material base for ferrochrome and pigments manufacture we suppose to use in a charge composition the dust of aspiration units and electrostatic precipitators, which is formed at the preparation of raw materials and production of chromite pellets. The production technology of chromite pellets with use of a slime formed at the concentration of chrome ores as a binding substance was developed. Testing the suggested technology has been carried out in laboratory and trial conditions. The data of a chemical composition of initial components of a charge and calcined carbon-containing chromite pellets have shown economic and ecological efficiency of the developed technological process. Research results lead to the conclusion that the proposed granulation feedstock mixture pellets with a moisture content of 11–12% are obtained crude granules have a compressive strength of 2.3–3.2 kg/splashed. Increasing the content of Cr2O3 in the pellets to 7.6% occurs due to the increase in the extraction of chromium oxide and due to the charge of chromium oxides contained in the sludge, as well as removal of the batch formulation was heat treated carbonates, and volatile organic substances. It was established that during this mode, the temperature in the lower layers is about 1200 °C, and a reduction in natural gas consumption achieves 50% and the residual carbon content in the pellets is about 1.5%, which leads to improvement of technical and economic indices of production chromite pellets and ferrochrome.
Looking fresh
Authors: Machanick Philip
Published: December 2015

In this editorial I comment on the new look starting from this issue, the change as of next year (2016) to volume and issue numbering rather than on pure issue numbering and list the contents of the current issue.
Indonesian Geothermal Energy Potential as Source of Alternative Energy Power Plant
Authors: Suharmanto Puji , Fitria Annisa Nor , Ghaliyah Sitti
Published: December 2015

Indonesia is known as the Ring of Fire, nearly about 40% world's geothermal potential located in Indonesia. About 252 geothermal sites in Indonesia spread following the path of volcanic formation which stretches from Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, to Maluku. It has total potential of about 27 GWe. Geothermal energy as a renewable energy and environmentally friendly, this large potential needs to be upgraded the contribution to fulfill domestic energy need which is able to reduce Indonesia's dependence on fossil energy sources which are depleting. Potential for geothermal energy is expected to fulfill the target of developing geothermal energy to generate electricity through the Geothermal Power Plant of 6000 MWe in 2020.

Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Electrical Energy, Geothermal Power Plant
Nusantara Microalgae Park: Solution of Energy Crisis in Outer and Small Islands of Indonesia
Authors: Akhir Kaisar , Hamas M. Imaad Al , Puspitasari Dwi
Published: December 2015

Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world that has strategic geographical position. Indonesia has about 13,466 islands that have been named, 5.8 million km2 sea areas and the fourth longest coastline in the world with a total length of 95,181 km. Geographically, Indonesia is located in a strategic position of world cruise lines, between the continent of Asia and Australia and between Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Indonesian archipelago has only 28 islands which are not classified as small islands. This fact shows that Indonesia has more than 13 thousands small islands and 92 islands which are the outer small islands. Outer and small islands are potentially for economic development and national defense. Therefore, the number of energy needs increases. To fulfill the energy needs in the form of bio-diesel and bio-kerosene, the marine microalgae is the great potential. Nusantara Microalgae Park is a concept of marine microalgae cultivation area based on coastal societies in outer and small islands. Bio-diesel and bio-kerosene produced from this concept will be very helpful for people in fishing and cooking environmentally friendly. This concept can be integrated with Island Adoption Program, Cooperative Program and Transmigration Program. To implement this concept so that sustainable, there are four principles (pro-poor, pro-job, pro-growth and pro-environment) and five pillars (economy, people, technology, academics and institutions coordination).

Keywords: marine microalgae, small islands, coastal community, biofuel, Indonesia, sustainable
Photovoltaic-Diesel Hybrid System How to Adapt to Real Site Conditions?
Authors: Sudradjat Adjat , Kantosa Eddy
Published: December 2015

Integrating the diesel generator with photovoltaic arrays, so called PV-Diesel Hybrid System, have several advantages such as reducing daily operation hour of diesel generator while servicing to the clients increase and the diesel engine is always running on its best efficiencies. However it is required the best system design that complies with the real site conditions which is very different from site to site. The differences are not only the incoming solar radiation but also, the availability of open land for locating the arrays, the conditions of existing diesel engine, and load profile.
The goal of the PV-diesel hybrid system is reducing the diesel operation hours but delivering the electricity for 24 hours to the customers. Enough information of site conditions will guide to proper design of PV-diesel hybrid system. The paper will elaborate the design of PV-diesel hybrid system and how to apply for certain site condition with the existing diesel generator.

Keywords: Photovoltaic, Diesel, Hybrid System 
Special Allocation Fund-Efficiency Energy (DAK-EE) an Acceleration of Energy Efficiency in Indonesia
Authors: Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: December 2015

Related to climate change and economic development of environmentally friendly (green economy) issues, the President has committed to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 26% on their own sources (BAU), and up to 41% with international support in 2020 through Presidential Decree No. 61 in 2011 about the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-GRK). In addition to regulating the sectors that are considered to be the largest contributor to GHG emissions, the regulation also establishes funding sources RAN-GRK either through the APBN, APBD, as well as a variety of other sources constituted under the legislation. One of the initiatives that need to be supported is an effort to reduce their energy use. In this context, the Ministry of Finance has provided various forms of incentives to affect various economic actors in order to implement energy savings programs through the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) Energy Efficiency (EE) in the mechanism of Transfer to Regions. DAK-EE is expected to occur in energy efficiency projects aimed to (1) reduce electricity subsidies, (2) encourage the use of energy-efficient technologies, (3) stimulating the involvement of the financial sector (banking / financial institutions) to support the development of energy conservation and, (4) assist efforts to achieve national GHG emission reduction target by 2020. Using the descriptive method of analysis, the researcher wanted to analyze the possible use of DAK EE as a energy efficiency financing in Indonesia.

Keywords: Special Allocation Fund, Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency
Study of Combination Biofertilizer for Increasing Production of Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas, linn)
Authors: . Matori , Hendroko Roy , Yono Dwi , Yudhanto Agus S.
Published: December 2015

Bio fertilizer is the collective name for all types of organic materials from plants and animals, that can be reorganized into nutrient available to plants. In Permentan No.2/Pert/Hk.060/2/2006 about Bio fertilizer and soil improvement, Explained that fertilizer is largely Bio fertilizer or all contain organic fertilizer from plants or animals and who have been through the engineering process, solid or liquid form can be used to supply organic material to repair the physical, chemical, and biological land. Definition of Bio fertilizer is more on the C-organic content or organic materials than nutrient level; level C-organic that's what being a differentiator with the organic fertilizers. Two different treatment were imposed, i.e., POH: with bio fertilizer and POH+VAM: with VAM addition. Between this fertilizer, all of observed variables were not significant different.

Keywords : POH, Material organic, Nutrient Contain
Synthesis of LiMn0.9Ni0.1PO4/C as New Cathode Material for Lithium Battery
Authors: Prihandoko Bambang , Subhan Achmad
Published: December 2015

Lithium ion battery has high energy density and good application for electrical vehicle  and power grid under combination with photovoltaic. Carbon coated lithium manganese phosphate is the new cathode active material. In this experiment LiMn0.9Ni0.1PO4\C was carried out with stoichiometric composition of technical raw materials, MnO2 from China, Ni from Merck, H3PO4 and LiOH.H2O from Germany. After calcinations process at 7000C in 2 hours by powder metallurgy method, sintering was done during of 2 hours. Before sintering process calcinations powder was milled and mixed with tapioca powder under comparison between tapioca and active material 1:3 in 72 hours. The sintered powders was analyzed the characteristic of crystal structure, SEM, conductivity, cyclic voltammeter and charge – discharge. The sintered powder has black color under coated carbon from tapioca. The crystal structure of LiMn0.9Ni0.1PO4\C has the same olivine structure of LiMnPO4\C. Networking structure of phosphate in LiMn0.9Ni0.1PO4\C was formed in the FTIR analysis. Conductivity of active material was 7.96 x 10-6 S/cm. Workings voltage of LiMn0.9Ni0.1PO4\C was 4.2 volt with capacity of round 40mAh/g.  

Keywords: cathode, LiMnPO4, lithium battery, powder metallurgy, tapioca
A Study in Developing a Charger Helmet as Power Bank of Mobile Phone for Motorcyclists
Authors: Fuada Syifaul , P Fendy Hananta , Kusumawardhana Arya , Suharmanto Puji
Published: December 2015

Wearing a helmet is one of the obligations to be adhered to motorcyclists. Yet, the existence of helmets is not only as protective gear head but also as a lifestyle even leading to advanced technologies, such as 1) color changing helmet, 2) folding helmets, 3) glowing helmets, and so on. Therefore, the innovation has given a touch on the idea of helmet concepts that is more useful than before and a prototype that has never existed before. This paper describes how the concept of helmet charger is. In fact, the innovation is conceptualized to generate electricity from the helmet, which is a photovoltaic solar cell. The electricity generated can be used for various purposes, like charging a cell phone. Furthermore, the things underlying helmets as a means of placing solar cells is that the body heat of the sun which is quite broad and equitable helmet that will help the solar cells to have an ideal position by facing the sun directly. At the end, the helmet covered by solar cells will have been ready to store electrical energy in batteries as much as 12 VDC. This paper describes a helmet design for the solar power charger and a solar-powered helmet design that can generate voltage as needed.

Keywords: charger, electric energy, helm, photovoltaic cells
Analysis of Phorbolester Content During Growth and Development of Jatropha curcas Fruits
Authors: Rohman Randi Abdur , Yono Dwi , Toruan-Mathius Nurita , Hendroko Roy
Published: December 2015

Utilization of Jatropha curcas seed meal as animal feed is limited by the presence of toxic compounds. Phorbolester present in Jatropha curcas as a family of compounds known to cause a large number of biological effects such as tumor promoters. The aim of this research is measure phorbolester content during growth and development of Jatropha curcas fruit. Phorbolester extracted by sonification method and analysed by UPLC using phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Jatropha curcas fruit has ripe in the fifth week because of yellowing of fruit capsule. Toxic genotypes of Jatropha curcas has higher phorobol ester content than non-toxic genotypes approximately 182.1 and 55.2 ng/g respectively. Fruit capsule (122.2 ng/g) has higher phorbolester content than fruit seed (115.2 ng/g). It is due to biosynthesis of diterpene that occur in plastid. Biosynthesis of phorbolester possibly occured in initiation and maturation of fruit because the high level of phorbolester occur in the first and fifth week.

Keywords: Jatropha curcas, toxic genotypes, non-toxic genotypes, fruit seed, fruit capsule
Development of a New Phase Change Biogas for Renewable Energy Storage System
Authors: Kismurtono Muhammad , K.W Satriyo , M Roni , A. R Dan Wahyu
Published: December 2015

The aims of this study are to decrease the concentration of organic matter are to cooking and generate electricity from biomass. The methods were the preparation of fixed dome reactor, unit of CO2 removal, preparation and fermentation of cow dung, water, chicken manure running and sampling periodically every one hour and data analysis. Therefore, CO2 must be eliminated from the biogas and the corresponding phenomena of mass transfer with chemical reaction of packed column have to be studied. This study assumed steady state and isothermal condition. The system studied consists of packed column (stainless steel 304) 10 cm in diameter filled with 2 mm in diameter bead (zeolite) to the height of 80 cm and storage system of methane.. The gas flow rate was held constant at F = 800 ml/s, liquid flow rate (L) was 100 ml/s, pressure (P) was varied from: 350 to 700 mm water column (WC), and the concentration of aqueous NaOH 1.5 M inlet absorbent was held constant. The results showed that the percentage of absorbed CO2 can be enhanced by increasing the pressure. Using column with packing height of 100 cm. gas flow rate of 800 ml/s, using absorbent containing NaOH1.5 M with flow rate: 100 ml/s and at pressure of 350 mm water column (WC) and temperature of 30o C , the percentage recovery of CO2 reacted was 85%. The biogas then will be used to generate electricity.

Keywords: Aqueous NaOH 1.5 M, Biogas purification, CO2 removal, Storage system
Conización cervical más linfadenectomía pélvica radical bilateral como manejo conservador del cáncer de cérvix IB 1: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Fernández-Mercado Robinson , Amaya-Guío Jairo , González-Rubio Álvaro , Muñoz-Amariz Erika
Published: December 2015

Objetivo: describir el caso de una paciente con cáncer de cérvix en estadio FIGO IB1, a quien se le realizó conización cervical más linfadenectomía pélvica para preservar su fertilidad, y hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre sus indicaciones, efectividad y seguridad en términos de resultados oncológicos y obstétricos.

Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 26 años, con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma infiltrante de cérvix estadio IB1, atendida en la Clínica Julio Enrique Medrano de SaludCoop, Barranquilla (Colombia), institución de alto nivel de complejidad que atiende pacientes pertenecientes al régimen contributivo del sistema de seguridad social. Se realizó conización cervical más linfadenectomía pélvica, para preservar fertilidad. Al segundo año de seguimiento logró embarazo a término y 48 meses después se encuentra libre de enfermedad. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica, sin restricción de idioma, de la literatura publicada hasta julio de 2015 con las palabras claves: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Fertility Preservation, Conization, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures y Lymph Node Excision, en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, CINAHL y Cochrane, y en las referencias bibliográficas de estudios recuperados.

Resultados: se identificaron nueve artículos: ocho estudios de cohorte y un de reporte de caso. La conización cervical más linfadenectomía pélvica radical bilateral, es un procedimiento menos radical, seguro y efectivo para el manejo conservador del cáncer de cérvix de bajo riesgo. En pacientes sometidas a conización se reportan recidivas en un 2,84 %; 38 % logran embarazo, de los cuales el 70,2 % llegan a término.

Conclusiones: la conización cervical más linfadenectomía pélvica radical bilateral podría ser una opción para el manejo de pacientes con cáncer de cérvix en estadios iniciales considerados de bajo riesgo que deseen conservar su fertilidad.
Uso didáctico de las TIC en las buenas prácticas de enseñanza de las matemáticas. Estudio de las opiniones y concepciones de docentes de educación secundaria en el departamento de Artigas
Authors: Téliz Fabián
Published: December 2015

El presente estudio abordó el uso didáctico de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en las buenas prácticas de enseñanza de las matemáticas, particularmente en el departamento de Artigas, a partir del análisis de las opiniones y concepciones docentes. La temática resultó de interés teniendo en cuenta la extensión del Plan Ceibal a la educación secundaria así como la escasez de los trabajos de investigación sobre el impacto de las TIC en ese nivel.La investigación se realizó desde un abordaje de triangulación metodológica que integró métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En primera instancia se aplicó una encuesta autoadministrada a todos los docentes de Matemática del departamento. A partir de ello, se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de cinco docentes para profundizar el trabajo desde el abordaje cualitativo, empleando la entrevista en profundidad como principal herramienta. También se utilizó como técnica complementaria el análisis de documentos. A partir de la revisión de los estudios disponibles se ajustaron los instrumentos y, finalizada la recolección de datos se triangularon los resultados.Los hallazgos revelaron que los profesores mantenían una actitud de disposición favorable ante la integración de las TIC en sus prácticas de enseñanza, destacándose aquellos ítems vinculados a la enseñanza frente a los asociados al aprendizaje. Sin embargo, el uso preferentemente instrumental (y limitado) de las TIC permitió apreciar que eran escasos los usos que de ellas realizaban los docentes desde una perspectiva constructivista para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, evidenciando la existencia mayoritaria de prácticas tradicionales de enseñanza.Asimismo, se identificaron otros aspectos que condicionaban el uso o no uso de las TIC en las prácticas de enseñanza de las matemáticas. En general, estos factores estuvieron asociados a variables institucionales que inhibían la formación y el trabajo con las TIC que podían desarrollar los profesores, obstáculos que deberían sortearse para fomentar una real incorporación de las mismas a nivel institucional.
Spatial patterns of African ungulate aggregation reveal complex but limited risk effects from reintroduced carnivores
Authors: Moll Remington J. , Killion Alexander K. , Montgomery Robert A. , Tambling Craig J. , Hayward Matt W.
Published: December 2015

The “landscape of fear” model, recently advanced in research on the non‐lethal effects of carnivores on ungulates, predicts that prey will exhibit detectable antipredator behavior not only during risky times (i.e., predators in close proximity) but also in risky places (i.e., habitat where predators kill prey or tend to occur). Aggregation is an important antipredator response in numerous ungulate species, making it a useful metric to evaluate the strength and scope of the landscape of fear in a multi‐carnivore, multi‐ungulate system. We conducted ungulate surveys over a 2‐year period in South Africa to test the influence of three broad‐scale sources of variation in the landscape on spatial patterns in aggregation: (1) habitat structure, (2) where carnivores tended to occur (i.e., population‐level utilization distributions), and (3) where carnivores tended to kill ungulate prey (i.e., probabilistic kill site maps). We analyzed spatial variation in aggregation for six ungulate species exposed to predation from recently reintroduced lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Although we did detect larger aggregations of ungulates in “risky places,” these effects existed primarily for smaller‐bodied (<150 kg) ungulates and were relatively moderate (change of ≤4 individuals across all habitats). In comparison, ungulate aggregations tended to increase at a slightly lower rate in habitat that was more open. The lion, an ambush (stalking) carnivore, had stronger influence on ungulate aggregation than the hyena, an active (coursing) carnivore. In addition, places where lions tended to kill prey had a greater effect on ungulate aggregation than places where lions tended to occur, but an opposing pattern existed for hyena. Our study reveals heterogeneity in the landscape of fear and suggests broad‐scale risk effects following carnivore reintroduction only moderately influence ungulate aggregation size and vary considerably by predator hunting mode, type of predation risk, and prey species.
Medals and degrees: factors influencing dual career of elite student athletes at the University of Debrecen
Authors: Lenténé Puskás Andrea , Perényi Szilvia
Published: December 2015

Career planning and goal setting play a significant role in the life of elite athletes gaining critical relevance during the overlapping years with university studies. As athletic career contain a necessary end and cannot serve as a profession for life, all athletes shall go through modification period in their professional lives. The athletic career shall come to an end and elite athletes need to find another profession for which they need to prepare as well. The specialities of this undertake is that the peak or the progressive cycle of athletic career often times overlap in time with high school and university studies. This definitely challenges those young athletes who made the decision to continue their studies at the university level beside their athletic careers. The objective of this study is to explore the main factors influencing the simultaneous realisation of studies and elite sport careers during university years. Part of a complex research approach on dual career in sport this study is aimed to gain information about methods of athletes for managing their dual tasks, the perceived relationship of student athletes to their peers, teachers and coaches, and their position on the relevant policy regulations provided by the university environment. Following the development of research instruments, data collection was conducted by focus-group interviews at the University of Debrecen among student elite athletes receiving sport scholarships (N=15). Level of success in sport, sport type (individual and team) and gender distribution was taking into account. The results shall contribute to the development of a future research instrument in a form of a questionnaire to assess aspects of dual career of athletes in case of larger samples.

JEL code: Z20
Examination of the sustainability of the sport facilities in the Northern Great Plain Region of Hungary
Authors: Kosztin Nikolett , Balatoni Ildikó
Published: December 2015

Developing sport into an industry has become a fundamental interest and a noticeable approach in Hungary in recent years. A socalled economic orientation can also be observed in the field of leisure time sports, which was made into law in Hungary in 2011 allowing the support of sport organisations and resulting in a number of infrastructural developments in Hungary. A wide range of development opportunities remain open in sports. This evaluation aims to introduce what significant sport-investment projects have been implemented in the Northern Great Plain region in recent decades and what effects these investments have had. Surveys have been used to reveal whether these facilities originating from years of sport developments are sustainable and to what extent these are exploited for organising sport events. Based on responses provided by a number of sport facilities – including ones built in the past and also ones opened recently – it can be concluded that sport in itself cannot solve the issue of operation and possible economic growth. Considering these aspects, it is important to incorporate, not only in operation but also during planning, the idea that current facilities must „serve” not solely sport events as these in themselves will not make them profitable but they must remain open for all sorts of social events as well.
The effects of climate change on cereals yield of production and food security in Gambia
Authors: Loum Alieu , Fogarassy Csaba
Published: December 2015

Increasingly, empirical evidences are substantiating the effects of climate change on agricultural production is a reality. In the early part of the 20th century many were skeptical about the so-called climate change that is due to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) defines climate change as follows: “climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean or variability of its properties and that persists for extended periods, typically decades or longer” This study analyses the impact of climate change on cereals production (millet and maize) in the Gambia using a time series data for a period of 46 years (1960 – 2013) at an aggregate level to assess the relationship between climate (temperatures and rainfall,) and non-climate variables fertilizer, area planted respectively and yield. The specific objectives of the research are: (1) How climate change affects the expected cereals (Millet and Maize) output or yield in the Gambia. (2) How the level of output risk within cereals (Millet and Maize) farming is affected? In order to achieve these set objectives, the paper will adopt Just and Pope modified Ricardian production functions for climate change impact assessments (e.g., Chen et al. 2004), the paper will also control for the impacts of regular input factors in the production process. The study used a data set for the Gambia comprising variables relevant for cereals production and climate information from 1960 through 2013. There is strong evidence that climate will affects Maize and Millet; according to the analysis 77% and 44% of the variability in the yield of Maize and Millet respectively is explained by the climate and non-climate variables included in the model. Given the effects of climate variables on cereals production, and increasing climate change vulnerabilities on other food production section, the result of this paper will add voice to the growing call for policy makers to step up funding in research and development in climate change adaptation and mitigation.

JEL classification: Q54
Changing Occupational Roles in Audit Society—The Case of Swedish Student Aid Officials
Authors: Bruhn Anders
Published: December 2015

This article is about occupational change concerning a non-professional group of Street Level Bureaucrats—student aid officials at the Swedish Board for Study Support (SBSS). The aim is to describe and analyze changes in their occupational role—their discretional space and working conditions under the impact of changed ways to manage public service organizations and new information and communication technology. The SBSS is the sole administrator of student financial aid in Sweden. Its officials investigate and take decisions about students’ applications and repayment of loans. This work includes interacting with clients via telephone and computer. These officials have to have a certain amount of discretion to interpret and apply rules and regulations on specific circumstances in individual cases. How are their working conditions affected by organizational and policy changes in the authority? How is their ability to exercise influence and control over their own work performance affected? The analysis highlights how officials suffer from decreased discretion and an increasing routinization in their work. This is a result of a regulatory framework continuously growing in detail together with increasing management control based on new information and communication technology. What remains of discretion is a kind of ‘task’ discretion, the ability to do minor technical manipulations of rules in individual cases. Even today’s top management seems critical of this development. Besides further automatization and reduction of staff an ongoing process of organizational change is therefore also aiming to develop officials’ competence and working conditions toward what may be seen as organizational professionalism, a development of specific occupational skills and a discretion adjusted and subordinated to managerial means and ends. The analysis rests on data from a research project (2011 to 2014) about Institutional Talk. Data sources are qualitative interviews, audio-taped speech sequences, observational field notes, and official documents.
Implementing Health-Promoting Leadership in Municipal Organizations: Managers’ Experiences with a Leadership Program
Authors: Larsson Robert , Stier Jonas , Åkerlind Ingemar , Sandmark Hélène
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to analyze how line and middle managers experience and describe barriers and enablers in the implementation of a health-promoting leadership program in municipal organizations. A qualitative case study design was applied to examine the leadership program in a case involving implementation of an organizational health intervention. Data were mainly collected using semi-structured interviews with line and middle managers participating in the leadership program. Interviews with senior managers, notes from meetings/workshops, and written action plans were used as complementary data. The interview data were analyzed using a thematic analysis, and the complementary data using a summative content analysis. The findings show that the interviewed line and middle managers experienced this leadership program as a new approach in leadership training because it is based primarily on employee participation. Involvement and commitment of the employees was considered a crucial enabler in the implementation of the leadership program. Other enablers identified include action plans with specific goals, earlier experiences of organizational change, and integration of the program content into regular routines and structures. The line and middle managers described several barriers in the implementation process, and they described various organizational conditions, such as high workload, lack of senior management support, politically initiated projects, and organizational change, as challenges that limited the opportunities to be drivers of change. Taken together, these barriers interfered with the leadership program and its implementation. The study contributes to the understanding of how organizational-level health interventions are implemented in public sector workplaces.
Work, Passion, Exploitation
Authors: Karlsson Jan Ch.
Published: December 2015

This article revolves around the concepts work, passion, and exploitation. I suggest answers to three questions: What is work? What is passion? What is exploitation? Finally, I discuss some possible relations between them.
Job Insecurity and Mental Well-Being in Finland, Norway, and Sweden
Authors: Vulkan Patrik , Saloniemi Antti , Svalund Jørgen , Väisänen Anna
Published: December 2015

This article describes how the flexicurity arrangement of low job security, high employment security, and good income security advocated by various authors affects the mental well-being of employees. Data are derived from a survey carried out in 2010–2011 among employees in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The main findings are that all three forms of cognitive security (the perceived risk) have an independent effect on mental well-being and that the worry of insecurity (the affective component) mediates the relationship with mental well-being. The interaction effects show that high levels of employment security can alleviate the detrimental effects of job insecurity on mental well-being. No similar interaction effect was found with job insecurity and income security. The results are discussed in relation to the institutional arrangements of the Nordic countries’ welfare states, concluding that the high employment security needed for a successful flexicurity arrangement requires either low levels of unemployment or effective and extensive active labor market programs. Flexicurity is thus susceptible to economic turmoil and requires further labor market investments, even in the Nordic countries.
Choosing to Work? Mothers Return-to-Work Decisions, Social Class, and the Local Labor Market
Authors: Sihto Tiina
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study is to examine the ways in which social class shapes the return-to-work decisions of Finnish working-class and middle-class mothers, and how these decisions are structured by the constraints and opportunities mothers face in the local labor market. The focus of the study is in the local labor market of the city of Jyväskylä. The data consist of two semi-structured focus group interviews of 14 employed mothers of below school-age children. Using the framework of “gendered moral rationalities,” the study shows that there are similarities in mothers’ experiences, while the structural constraints mothers faced when deciding about the timing of returning back to work differ. The analysis highlights that the differences were not only dependent on social class but also on the situation in the local labor market. For working-class mothers, the most crucial issue was the financial strain that their staying at home caused to their families. For middle-class mothers, finding employment opportunities that would match their educational qualifications in the local labor market had been challenging, which affected their timing of returning back to work. The paper concludes that local labor market plays an important role in mother’s return-to-work decisions and should be explored further in differing geographical contexts.
Emergent Trust and Work Life Relationships: How to Approach the Relational Moment of Trust
Authors: Eikeland Tone Bergljot
Published: December 2015

How do we trust? What does the basic mechanism of trust look like? These questions define the starting point for a comparison of the classic ideas of how trust works by Mayer et al. (1995), Möllering’s (2006) re-adaption of Giddens’, Simmel’s, and James’ classic ideas of trust, and a phenomenological approach focusing on “emergent trust.” Introducing the concept of emergent trust, the idea is to suggest a phenomenological approach to studies of trust in work-life relationships in professional organizations, as an alternative to trust as a cognitive attitude, where trust becomes a stable, individual possession. The term “emergent” demonstrates a trust that emerges in meetings between persons, it has an immediate, unconditional quality, and shows itself in situations of life where there is a potential for trust to appear. Trust’s basic relationality makes the person morally responsible for the other. Trust appears between persons, as an event, constituting risk and uncertainty as a natural and positive part of our lives. Still, in larger social settings, the responsibility of trust also disperses on to the work itself, and our wider social networks.
Resources and Constraints of Line Manager Agency in Municipal Reforms
Authors: Heiskanen Tuula , Jokinen Esa
Published: December 2015

The context of this study is the nation-wide reform of local government in Finland, focusing on line managers and their scope of agency. Our data comprise two large-scale surveys of 40 municipalities in 2009 and 38 in 2011. The respondents were line managers from different levels of the hierarchy and, for comparative purposes, staff from the same units. Resources and constraints of agency were studied both in relation to the immediate work of the respondents and to the broader issues of municipality reform. Broad-scale reforms proceed in stages that require different forms of agency. Predominantly, a higher position in the hierarchy seemed to give better conditions for agency, but this was not always the case. Notable were the high values for intrinsic rewards of work given by all groups, indicating the existence of conditions that enable new cognitive and learning challenges to be met. It seems that this potential was not actualized satisfactorily in the accomplishment of development activities. The supervisor’s influence on the social climate of the units was evident in the longitudinal setting. From the perspective of distributed agency, this result is highly significant when one considers that the social environment is the immediate context of agency.
Trade Union Channels for Influencing European Union Policies
Authors: Larsson Bengt
Published: December 2015

This paper analyzes what channels trade unions in Europe use when trying to influence European Union (EU) policies. It compares and contrasts trade unions in different industrial relations regimes with regard to the degree to which they cooperate with different actors to influence EU policies, while also touching on the importance of sector differences and organizational resources. The study is based on survey data collected in 2010–2011 from unions affiliated with the European Trade Union Confederation and from below peak unions in 14 European countries. Results of the survey show that the ‘national route’ is generally the most important for trade unions in influencing EU policies in the sense that this channel is, on average, used to the highest degree. In addition, the survey delineates some important differences between trade unions in different industrial relations regimes with regard to the balance between the national route and different access points in the ‘Brussels route’.
Participatory Work-Along as an Apprentice—A Qualitative Research Tool in Studying Organizations and Work Practices
Authors: Wadel Carl Cato
Published: December 2015

Participatory work-along implies a method whereby the researcher learns through entering into a direct working relationship with people and performing work activities together with them. This method can provide a solid empirical basis for understanding practice as well as the opportunity to uncover practices that are taken for granted. The possibilities work-along in an apprenticeship role can offer to a researcher studying work organizations and work practices, as well as challenges related to such a methodological approach, are discussed in relation to fieldwork carried out within the public care system for elderly people in Norway and Sweden.