bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ward staff perceptions of the role of the advanced nurse practitioner in a ‘hospital at day’ setting
Authors: Halliday Stuart , Hunter David J , McMillan Laura
Published: January 2018

Aim:

to examine ward staff perceptions on the role of the ‘hospital at day’ advanced nurse practitioner (ANP). This term is used locally to refer to a model first introduced into ‘hospital at night’ teams, in response to changes in working patterns of junior doctors, where an advanced nurse practitioner is based on the ward—the model was subsequently rolled out to daytime teams.

Methods:

a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted to carry out this study with a purposive sample of ten participants. Participants were interviewed individually using semi-structured interviews to gain insights into their perceptions on the role of the ANP, following Colaizzi's analytical model of data analysis.

Findings:

four major themes were identified. The first overarching theme was effectiveness of the ANP role. There was evidence that the role was not only clinically effective in the ward but also in relation to organisational priorities such as impact on patient flow. Secondly it was acknowledged that having an ANP based on the ward and as a ‘constant’ in the ward area, when medical teams rotate, provides team stability and improves the functioning of the ward area. Despite the positivity recognised, the third theme identified that having a ward-based ANP may affect skill acquisition and development and may lead to the ‘de-skilling’ of staff. Lastly it was acknowledged that there remains an overall confusion about the role of the ANP.

Conclusion:

the themes identified reflect what is already known about the wider perceived role of the ANP. Moreover, this study adds to the limited literature available specifically on the benefits of the ANP within ‘hospital at day’ roles.
Research roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: January 2018

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Politics and palliative care: Gabon
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: January 2018

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
Small States in the Multi-Polar World: Introduction
Authors: Petar Kurecic
Published: January 2018

The multipolar world of present day, with one dominant state and a couple of contender states, is comprised of small, mid-size and large states. Small states comprise between half and two-thirds of the world's states depending on the criteria used for classification. However, their influence is diametrically opposite to their number. The contemporary transnational developments have changed the role and position of small states, giving them new opportunities for international action, albeit concurrently making them more vulnerable to external economic and environmental influences, such as overexposure to one economic activity and the consequences of the climate change. Small states, despite their relatively small importance for the transnational developments, deserve the attention of scholars and the general public, as well as the civil society. Large states could learn from successful small states and be more concerned for the fate of small states. The difficulties of small vulnerable states are predictors of the world's vulnerability.
Small States and Regional Economic Integrations in the Multi-Polar World: Regional Differences in the Levels of Integration and Patterns of Small States' Vulnerability
Authors: Petar Kurecic
Published: January 2018

The contemporary world is a world of multi-polarity, signifying that US attempts to achieve hegemony have failed and there are no signs that this is likely to change in the near future. What about the position of small states, which by most of the widely accepted criteria comprise at between half and two thirds of all the world's states? Small states, because of their constraints, such as the size of population and/or economy are often considered more vulnerable to external pressures than mid-size or especially large states. What strategies should then small states pursue to assure their survival and increase their economic development and political influence? The responses of small states to multi-polarity in different regions of the world are different. In Europe, economic integration along with certain forms of political integration has been going on for more than six decades. In other parts of the world, in most cases, the integration has not developed beyond the level of free-trade area. It is the intention of this article to study the differences in small states' relation towards regional economic integrations in various regions of the world. The thesis that deeper economic integration contains the influence of large states (albeit only outside the integration itself) is then tested through comparative analysis of regional economic integrations' effects on small states in the various regions of the world.
Smallness of the Economy as a (Dis)advantage: The Evidence from Selected Interdependent Macroeconomic Data
Authors: Petar Kurecic  , Goran Luburic  , Goran Kozina
Published: January 2018

Small economies are usually classified by the size of their GDP. Among the small states, which can be determined by various criteria, there are many small economies. Smallness of the economy influences the vulnerability of the state, and if it is connected with the other potentially negative factors (land-locked or island position) or reliance on a few export products, it can create vulnerable economies. Concurrently, smallness of the economy can be an advantage, since it provides better conditions for faster economic growth and makes transformations of the economy easier. This article brings a quantitative comparative study of the small economies, classified by the size of their total GDP. Sets of macroeconomic data (foreign direct investment [FDI] net inflows in current US$ and GDP in current US$; external debt and GDP) were studied, for which the correlation between the FDI and GDP was calculated (for 40 smallest economies), as was the regression analysis between the FDI net inflows (independent variable) and the gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), as well as between the FDI net inflows and the growth of external debt for the 10 smallest economies between 1981 and 2014. The results were used to describe if there is a significant connection between FDI and external debt and if it can be mathematically modeled. All the data were taken from the web pages of the World Bank. The correlation analysis for FDI and GDP for the same years was also done. The countries that were studied had the smallest 40 economies in the world in 1981 (starting year) and in 2014 (final year), regardless of their land area, population, and geographical position. To examine the influence of the smallness of economy, the 15 largest world economies were studied as control group.
Encountering people and place: Museums through the lens of Instagram
Authors: Budge Kylie
Published: January 2018

The world of galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM), once a set of onsite only experiences, is being increasingly encountered in the digital realm with screen culture and mobile devices now mainstream in many parts of the globe. The social media platform, Instagram, with its strong visual presence, is a popular window used by museum visitors to discover collections held by cultural institutions, and to reflect this experience back to their shared networks. This activity constitutes a form of sense-making. A neglected area of research to date, the digital content produced by visitors to cultural institutions provides unique insights into popular aspects of exhibitions and collections, particular spaces within their buildings, and the ways in which visitors experience and engage with these. This article draws on research into visitors’ use of Instagram in museums to argue that encountering material culture occurs in an integrated manner involving real-life and virtual experiences that act to create a social sense of the museum that is participatory and alluring. Place-making and social presence theories are used to interpret data generated by visitors. Findings highlight implications for museum practice and the changing role and value of social media in the everyday work of cultural institutions.
Collecting the criminal: Murder and mayhem in cultural institutions
Authors: Franks Rachel
Published: January 2018

Cultural institutions, across Australia, collect works of crime fiction and true crime that tell narratives about a range of unlawful activities. These institutions also collect legal texts, papers and records as well as numerous pieces of realia and of art that record and unpack some of the most horrific incidents in our national history. Crime has long held a prominent position in the popular imagination; a position supported by galleries, libraries, archives and museums. From small, incidental collections that form only one element of a wide-ranging repository to large, significant collections that focus on the criminal in deed and in impact. This article explores how these collections assist in informing shared attitudes towards crime through presenting stories of an extraordinary array of wrongdoers: from largely forgotten convicts, to well-known bushrangers, to notorious murderers, to those who committed many different types of crimes. In the Australian context, which features a widely acknowledged tradition of sympathizing with the criminal, some malefactors have disturbed our ideas of right and wrong. Moreover, crime-focused collections can serve to elevate our fear of crime and influence how we feel about different forms of punishment. In this way, cultural institutions demonstrate they play an important role in a field often considered to be the exclusive domain of law makers and law enforcers.
The curation of ancient Egypt in the twenty-first century: How should the present engage with the past?
Authors: Hubschmann Caroline
Published: January 2018

This article examines how museums and archaeologists present ancient Egypt to the public. For archaeology, the role of the museum is extremely significant as it is the most popular forum through which non-specialists interact with the discipline. But how often do archaeologists and Egyptologists consider the manner in which the public consumes antiquity? There is a persistent and continuing tension to develop a balance between the popular and accurate notions of ancient Egypt. Museums are a voice of authority and legitimacy; when ancient Egypt is exhibited and interpreted it must satisfy the curious fascination, while also allowing for the development of archaeological literacy. The former ensures people will visit the exhibition while the latter allows them to understand the content on a contextual and cultural level. Archaeologists must care how their discipline is perceived so that the audience can comprehend the fruits of the labour beyond that which is popularly ‘known’. The contemporary and future role of museology and Egyptian antiquities will also be discussed concerning the risk heritage places face in a world beset by conflict.
Efectividad de las intervenciones de estilos de vida en la obesidad infantil; revisión sistemática con metaanálisis: lectura crítica DARE
Authors: Rendo-Urteaga Tara
Published: January 2018

Resumen CRDLos autores concluyeron que las intervenciones sobre estilos de vida que incorporan componentes como dieta, ejercicio físico y/o terapia comportamental eran eficaces en el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil bajo varias condiciones, al menos hasta un año. Esta fue una revisión en general bien realizada, sin embargo la variación en la duración de las intervenciones, las características y los componentes de las mismas impidieron la identificación del posible formato que funcione mejor en la práctica y a largo plazo.
Translational study of obesity management using the Diabetes Prevention Program "Group Lifestyle Balance" in primary care clinics and public hospitals from Mexico: study protocol
Authors: Díaz-Zavala Rolando Giovanni , Armenta-Guirado Brianda Ioanna , Martínez-Contreras Teresita de Jesús , Candia-Plata Maria del Carmen , Esparza-Romero Julián , Martínez-Mir Raúl , Haby Michelle M. , Valencia Mauro E.
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Obesity is the main modifiable risk factor for the development of chronic diseases in Mexico. Several randomized controlled trials have shown that intensive lifestyle programs are efficacious for the management of obesity. These programs include frequent sessions (14 or more contacts in the first 6 months) focused on diet and physical activity and use a behavior change protocol. However, most Mexican primary care clinics and public hospitals apply traditional treatments for obesity management with limited results on weight loss. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) “Group Lifestyle Balance” for weight loss among adults with overweight and obesity from baseline to 6 months and from baseline to 12 months in primary care clinics and public hospitals from Sonora, Mexico.Material and Methods: This is a translational, multi-center, non-controlled, 6 and 12-month follow-up clinical study with a pre-test and post-test design. Healthcare providers from two primary care clinics, two hospitals and one university clinic will be trained with the DPP protocol to implement on their patients with overweight and obesity. Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, depression, quality of life and stress scales will be measured in participants receiving the program at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Biochemical parameters will be measured at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome is the change in body weight at 6 and 12 months.Discussion: This study will provide scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the DPP protocol as a model for obesity management in real world clinical practice among the adult Mexican population.
Área bajo curva ROC de Porcentaje de grasa corporal como estimativo de Síndrome metabólico en adultos de Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Alcocer Olaciregui Adalgisa Esther , Vargas Moranth Rusvelt Franklin , Navarro Lechuga Edgar
Published: January 2018

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la relación entre grasa corporal y Síndrome Metabólico (SM), utilizando curvas ROC, en adultos de una localidad del caribe colombiano.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal con 552 adultos de 20 a 64 años, con información completa de perfil lipídico, glicemia y mediciones antropométricas: peso, talla, presión arterial, perímetro de cintura y pliegues cutáneos. Se calculó porcentaje de grasa corporal mediante ecuaciones de Siri, Brozeck y Lean y se determinó la presencia de SM mediante 4 consensos: AHA, ATP III, IDF y Armonizado. Para comparar los promedios de grasa corporal según estos se usó T de Student y/o U de Mann Whitney. Se utilizó análisis de curvas ROC para determinar puntos de corte de la grasa corporal para determinar el SM.Resultados: Las medias de grasa corporal fueron mayores en sujetos con SM independientemente del método utilizado (p<0,05). Las áreas bajo curva ROC oscilaron entre 63% y 76,9%, con sensibilidades entre 50% y 85%, y especificidades entre 51% y 78%. Mediante Lean-cintura y el consenso de AHA se obtuvo el valor más alto del área bajo la curva (0,77; punto de corte: 37,1; sensibilidad: 60,8; especificidad: 78,8%) y utilizando Siri y el consenso Armonizado se obtuvo el valor más bajo (0,63; punto de corte: 28,5; sensibilidad: 80%; especificidad: 42,5%).Conclusiones: El análisis de curvas ROC permite identificar la relación entre grasa corporal y síndrome metabólico, y podría emplearse como tamizaje, teniendo en cuenta que los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad dependen de las mediciones antropométricas y las ecuaciones empleadas.
Predictores de los Indicadores de adiposidad corporal por edad cronológica y biológica en niños y adolescentes que residen en el sur de Chile
Authors: Alvear Fernando , Gomez-Campos Rossana , Urra-Albornoz Camilo , Pacheco-Carrillo Jaime , Cossio-Bolaños Marco Antonio
Published: January 2018

Introducción: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los pliegues cutáneos que predicen los indicadores de adiposidad corporal (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como analizar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal deben ser evaluados por edad cronológica y/o biológica.Material y Métodos: Se estudió a 131 niños y adolescentes (76 hombres y 55 mujeres). El rango de edad osciló entre 6,0 hasta 14,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura de pie, estatura sentada, circunferencia de la cintura. Se calculó el IMC y los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Se determinaron las categorías del estado nutricional por IMC y CC de acuerdo a los puntos de corte del CDC-2012.Resultados: Los cuatro pliegues utilizados (tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaco y pantorrilla) explicaron el IMC desde 38 a 58% en hombres y en mujeres desde 38 a 72%. El poder de explicación para la CC en hombres fue de 30 a 56% y en mujeres desde 27 a 53%. La edad cronológica explicó el IMC y la CC en hombres desde 0,08 a 37% y en mujeres desde 15 a 17%. La edad biológica explicó el IMC y CC en hombres desde 11 a 44% y en mujeres desde 21 a 24%.Conclusiones: El pliegue suprailíaco se perfila como el mejor predictor del IMC y la CC en ambos sexos. El análisis de ambos indicadores debe ser efectuado por edad biológica antes que por edad cronológica.
Quantitative prediction of overburden pressure and overpressure zones using well logs - a case study of an x-field in the Niger-delta basin, Nigeria
Authors: Opara Chidozie , Ohakwereze Michael , Adizua Okechukwu
Published: January 2018

Prediction and evaluation of overburden pressure are critical for the exploration and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Overburden pressure was estimated using well log (density and sonic) data obtained from two wells (B1 and B2) of an X - Field within the Niger Delta basin. Overburden pressure depends primarily on the bulk density data. Bulk density was extracted from density and sonic logs based on the log signatures. The bulk density was then used to determine overburden pressure using Eatonâ€™s equation. The results reveal that overburden pressure increases linearly with depth, and an overburden gradient of 1.0 psi/Ft. was obtained. The overburden pressure was used to estimate pore pressure and vertical effective stress and thus enabled the determination of overpressure zones within the well.
Miguel de Unamuno: una comprensión de su pensamiento en torno a la agonía y la muerte
Authors: Viteri Bazante Frank Bolívar , Posada Gómez Edward Andrés
Published: January 2018

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el problema de la agonía y la muerte en el pensamiento de Miguel de Unamuno, como estos dos aspectos innegables en la vida del hombre se constituyen en el fundamento del filosofar y del existir. La lucha encarnizada por no morir generará en el autor una duda muy grande a la que no se la puede negar pero que estará presente en todo el proceso vital del ser humano, para después dar paso a unas alternativas de pervivencia que el mismo autor presenta pero que no logran convencerlo como una solución final.
Irrupción del pobre, quehacer filosófico y lógica de la gratuidad
Authors: Scannone, S.I. Juan Carlos
Published: January 2018

Nota editorial: En su encíclica Laudato Si nº 139, nota 117, el Papa Francisco cita el apartado 2.1 de un artículo del jesuita argentino Juan Carlos Scannone, aparecido en el libro del Equipo Jesuita Latinoamericano de Reflexión Filosófica Irrupción del pobre y quehacer filosófico. Hacia una nueva racionalidad, Buenos Aires, 19931 con el título: «La irrupción del pobre y la lógica de la gratuidad». Como la obra está agotada y, por lo tanto, es de difícil acceso, Pensamiento presta el servicio de reeditarlo, junto con otro trabajo de dicho autor, aparecido unas páginas antes del mismo libro, a saber: «La irrupción del pobre y la pregunta filosófica en América Latina»; pues es el fundamento para la intelección del trabajo citado por el Papa.
Pensar desde el absurdo y la inconsistencia: una lectura de El sobrino de Rameau en pos de una historia crítica para nuestro presente
Authors: Seoane Pinilla Julio
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo parte de la convicción de que no hay posibilidad de propuestas novedosas y críticas desde una idea de nuestro presente y de nuestra historia como la que habitualmente sostenemos convencidos como estamos de que pasado y presente están unidos de un modo que nuestra razón siempre puede llegar a comprender. De esta manera la posibilidad de cambio o alternativa a nuestro presente siempre queda enmarcada dentro de un cuadro de comprensión coherente y que es muy lejano a la novedad que se puede encontrar en el absurdo y el capricho (ello es la mejor manera de que cualquier propuesta crítica nazca siempre incapaz de promover nuevos modos de concebir nuestro mundo). La obra de Diderot nos presenta la posibilidad de poder conversar incluso con aquello que nos parece absurdo e ininteligible y con ello ofrece una oportunidad a poder concebirnos de manera novedosa e incluso impensada: al contrario que el diálogo, la conversación siempre termina configurándose incluso con momentos absurdos y no completamente comprendidos.
On the connectivity of the hyperbolicity region of irreducible polynomials
Authors: Kummer Mario Denis
Published: January 2018

We give a proof for the fact that an irreducible hyperbolic polynomial has only one pair of hyperbolicity cones. Apart from the use of Bertini’s Theorem the proof is elementary.
The index of symmetry of three-dimensional Lie groups with a left-invariant metric
Authors: Reggiani Silvio
Published: January 2018

We determine the index of symmetry of 3-dimensional unimodular Lie groups with a left-invariant metric. In particular, we prove that every 3-dimensional unimodular Lie group admits a left-invariant metric with positive index of symmetry. We also study the geometry of the quotients by the so-called foliation of symmetry, and we explain in what cases the group fibers over a 2-dimensional space of constant curvature.
Duality and socle generators for residual intersections
Authors: Eisenbud David , Ulrich Bernd
Published: January 2018

We prove duality results for residual intersections that unify and complete results of van Straten,
Huneke–Ulrich and Ulrich, and settle conjectures of van Straten and Warmt.

Suppose that I is an ideal of codimension g in a Gorenstein ring,
and

J
⊂
I

{J\subset I}

is an ideal with

s
=

g
+
t

{s=g+t}

generators such that

K
:=
J

:
I

{K:=J:I}

has codimension s. Let

I
¯

{{\overline{I}}}

be the image of I in

R
¯

:=

R
/
K

{{\overline{R}}:=R/K}

.

In the first part of the paper we prove, among other things, that under suitable hypotheses on I, the truncated Rees ring

R
¯

⊕

I
¯

⊕
⋯
⊕

I
¯

t
+
1

{{\overline{R}}\oplus{\overline{I}}\oplus\cdots\oplus{\overline{I}}{}^{t+1}}

is a Gorenstein ring, and that the modules

I
¯

u

{{\overline{I}}{}^{u}}

and

I
¯

t
+
1

-
u

{{\overline{I}}{}^{t+1-u}}

are dual
to one another via the multiplication pairing into

I
¯

≅

t
+
1

ω

R
¯

{{{\overline{I}}{}^{t+1}}\cong{\omega_{\overline{R}}}}

.

In the second part of the paper we study the analogue of residue theory, and prove that, when

R
/
K

{R/K}

is a finite-dimensional algebra over a field of characteristic 0 and certain other hypotheses are satisfied, the socle of

I

t
+
1

/
J

⁢

I
t

≅

ω

R
/
K

{I^{t+1}/JI^{t}\cong{\omega_{R/K}}}

is generated by a Jacobian determinant.
Microwave-induced rapid formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating on gelatin-siloxane hybrid microspheres in 10X-SBF solution
Authors: Ghorbani Farnaz , Zamanian Ali , Behnamghader Aliasghar , Joupari Morteza Daliri
Published: January 2018

Bioactive materials can attract calcium and phosphate ions in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to mimic the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Rapid biodegradation rate of natural polymers in contact with water-based solutions and time-consuming process of mineralization in SBF led to using concentrated simulated media. Herein, gelatin-siloxane microspheres were fabricated via single emulsion method. Then hybrid spheres were immersed in the modified 10X-SBF solution, and microwave energy (600 W) was expanded for the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the spheres. Results indicated homogeneous coating of microspheres and high similarity of synthesized HA to the bone composition. Increasing intensity of HA-related peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction and surface roughness after utilizing microwave-assisted method confirmed high efficiency of this technique in biomimetic mineralization of structures. Cell culture studies with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) demonstrated that mineralized HA in 10X-SBF solution under microwave treatment could be able to mimic bone ECM for tissue regeneration applications in the shortest time and highest similarity to the natural tissue.
Development of a Larix principis-rupprechtii tree-ring width chronology and its climatic signals for the southern Greater Higgnan Mountains
Authors: Zhang Tongwen , Yu Shulong , Yuan Yujiang , Huang Liping , Jiang Shengxia
Published: January 2018

Forty-one living larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) trees collected from two sampling sites in 1310–1530 m a.s.l. in the southern Greater Higgnan Mountains in the northeastern China are used to develop a regional tree-ring width chronology. The credible chronology spans 185 years from 1830 to 2014. The results of correlation analyses indicate that moisture is the main climatic factor controlling radial growth of larch trees in this mountainous area. Spatial correlation proves that the regional tree-ring width chronology contains climatic signals representative for a large area including the eastern Mongolian Plateau and Nuluerhu Mountains. A comparison between the newly developed chronology and a May–July Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstruction for the Ortindag Sand Land reveals similar variations, particularly in the low-frequency domain. The tree-ring records also capture a severe and sustained drying trend recorded in the 1920s across a wide area of northern China.
Recurrence interval of strong earthquakes in the se Altai, Russia revealed by tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating
Authors: Nepop Roman K. , Agatova Anna R.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the results of paleoseismogeological investigations including tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating in pleistoseist zone of the 2003 Chuya earthquake, SE Altai, Russia. Twenty-five radiocarbon dates of previously unknown evidences of prehistoric earthquakes along the fault bounders of the Chagan-Uzun massif, North Chuya and South Chuya ranges are reported. Perspectives of applying dendroseismological approach within the high mountainous seismically active southeastern part of Russian Altai are demonstrated. In addition to estimating the germination ages of trees growing on the bare surfaces of seismically triggered landslides, analysis of wood penetrating injuries in the individual tree ring series was applied for dating paleorock-falls. Analysis of distribution patterns of tree-ring anomalies and injured trees suggests a criterion of recognizing seismic origin of past rock-falls. Dendrochronologically obtained dates of abrupt intensifications of rock-falls can be considered as supposed dates of past earthquakes, which should be verified by alternative proxy data. Obtained results argue for the high regional seismicity in the second half of the Holocene. Strong earthquakes occurred here AD 1532, and 600–700, 1300–1500, 2400–2700, 3400–3700, 3800–4200 cal BP. This data clarifies the chronology of seismic events within the SE Altai. The specified recurrence interval of strong earthquakes is about 400 years during the last 4000 years.
Comparison of beta (LSC) and gamma (HPGe) spectrometric methods for lead-210 in chronological study
Authors: Mikalauskienė Renata , Mažeika Jonas , Petrošius Rimantas , Szwarczewski Piotr
Published: January 2018

The sediments of two lakes located in the Baltic Uplands, the western part of the East European Plain (East Lithuania and North East Poland), were studied. Activity concentration of 210Pb was determined using two nuclear analytical techniques: determination of 210Pb in equilibrium with its beta emitting daughter 210Bi using liquid scintillation counter (LSC), and direct determination of 210Pb (and other radionuclides) by low-background gamma-ray spectrometer with a well type HPGe detector. For the 210Pb determination by LSC the methodology of lead separation based on the anion exchange resin in Cl– form (Eichrom) was used. Several steps of radiochemical procedures and respective parameters were investigated additionally. The optimized procedures for LSC method were used for case study with two lake cores. The activity concentration of 210Pb in lake sediment samples based on both nuclear analytical techniques (LSC and HPGe) were compared. 210Pb dating of cores was performed according to Constant Rate of 210Pb Supply (CRS) model with some modifications. Both techniques in the range of uncertainties gave similar results. From two considered lakes, the more eutrophic one exhibited higher sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) values.
Iodination of industrially important aromatic compounds using N-iodosuccinimide by grinding method
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Srivastava Priyanka , Bhardwaj Santosh Kumar , Agarwal D.D.
Published: January 2018

Iodination of various industrially and pharmaceutically important substituted aromatics has been achieved using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in solid state by grinding at room temperature. This method provides several advantages such as short reaction time (5–8 min), high yields (94–99%), and nonhazardous and simple work-up procedure. High gas chromatography (GC) purity (95–99.9%) suggests that the reaction is highly selective. Substrates which are sensitive to oxidation, viz aniline and phenols are iodinated smoothly in high yield.
Improved permeability of autohydrolyzed poplar sapwood against sodium hydroxide for CMP production
Authors: Jiang Xiaoya , Hou Qingxi , Liu Wei , Zhang Honglei , Cui Yudi , Wang Xiaodi
Published: January 2018

Poplar sapwood chips were autohydrolyzed at three severity levels and subsequently treated with alkali for the production of chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP). The aim was to study the variation of the principal pathways for sodium hydroxide solution and the alkali concentration and distribution inside the autohydrolyzed chips as a function of autohydrolysis (AH) severity. The tyloses in the vessels and some pit membranes were partly dissolved after AH, while the skeletal structure of the fiber and vessel cell walls remained intact. AH had a positive influence on the diffusion and the uniform distribution of NaOH solution both in the axial and radial direction of the chips, but the axial direction was more favored than the radial one.
The Legal Problems of Occupational and Health Safety in Estonia
Authors: Joamets Kristi , Luukas Liina
Published: January 2018

Number of occupational accidents has decreased in recent years in Estonia. Article discusses whether the reason for this can be insufficient labour inspection legal system. The conformity of Estonian occupational health and safety regulation on supervision to the international law providing rules for labour inspection in this field is evaluated. More specifically, ILO conventions no 81 and no 129 and European Council directive 89/391/EEC are analysed to find out whether the high number of occupational accidents derive from the non-compliance of the international rules. Difficulties in following the international law rules are analysed, presenting and discussing also the problems appearing in the context of new labour relations in a changing society
Misrepresentation Under English Contract Law and its Comparison to Slovak Contract Law
Authors: Šírová Lucia
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper is to introduce and analyse the concept of misrepresentation under the English contract law. In this regard, the paper primarily deals with the distinction between a term and a representation, key elements of misrepresentation, types of misrepresentation and remedies available to misrepresentees once the misrepresentation has been established. Furthermore, the author subsequently also presents a brief analysis of the Slovak contract law in order to identify any statutory provisions which could be applied to situations where a contract governed by the Slovak law contains representations and outlines what remedies are eventually available in situations where such representations later turn out to be false.
Judicial Activism in Nigeria: Delineating the Extend of Legislative-Judicial Engagement in Law Making
Authors: Imam Ibrahim
Published: January 2018

Authoritarian governments are by their very nature unconstitutional. Such government thinks of themselves as above the law, and therefore sees no necessity for separation of powers or representative governance. Constitutional democracy on the other hand, is however based on the notion of people’s sovereignty, which is to be exercised in limited manner by a representative government. Accordingly, judicial activism in this paper is employed to establish the theory of popular participation of courts in the decision making processes through settlement of disputes, interpretation or construction of laws, determination of propriety of legislations, legislative and execution actions within the doctrine of separation of powers for the purpose of enforcement of the limitations in government on constitutional ground. This paper thus examines the concept of judicial activism, its legitimacy and as a mechanism for providing checks and balances in the Nigerian government. The paper demonstrates a game theory of judicial legislative interaction within their function and contends that the notion of judicial supremacy does not hold water because the legislature always has the second chance of invalidating the judgment of courts exercising the legitimate powers. The paper concludes that judicial activism in these countries is a veritable tool in advancing the compliance with the rule of laws on the ground of the Constitution.
View at the Partner’s Transfer of the Stake and its Restrictions
Authors: Palajová Adriána
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the transfer of stake in a general commercial company and the transfer of business share in a limited liability company especially according to Slovak legislation and also according to older and current Czech legislation. The attention is focused on the regulation of these transfers and the relations that are generated on the basis of author´s point of view and case law. The question of the admissibility and prohibition of the transfer of stake is presented in general commercial company. Analysis of the issue focuses mainly on the formal and material conditions of transfer of business share in limited liability company with differentiation on another member and on third party. Special attention is paid to the consent to that transfer granted by the general meeting or by other body of limited liability company and also is paid to the legal consequences that arise in the case of withholding of consent. The authoress seeks to point at the shortcomings of assessed legal arrangement and provides possible legislative solutions of transfer of stake or business share within the dispositive provisions of the Slovak Commercial Code.
Political Freedom and Intellectual Property Rights: Conflict of values
Authors: Telec Ivo
Published: January 2018

The paper critically observes the current legal and political happenings around the international multilateral Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), including criticism for its rejection by the European Parliament in the year of 2012. This example is treated in the sense of the collision of values in today’s information society, e.g. political freedom on the one hand, and intellectual property rights on the other. The collision of values is balanced fairly by the laws, for example by the statutory licenses and compulsory licenses, too. This text also critically considers some aspects of the contemporary political ideology of information. The author considers the majority of the European public reaction to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement as fearful, irrational and populist by politicians. “Electronic Violence” remains violence like any other and everyone must have the courage to face it. The information society itself is based on the same values as any other human society. Likewise, the information society is prone to various vices, such as greed for foreign assets without any compensation. This greed is only masked by political rhetoric about freedom and human rights. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between legal ideology of information from legally regulated economic shifts.
Behavioural Economics and its Implications on Regulatory Law
Authors: Bellová Jana
Published: January 2018

The aim of this article is to analyse the possible implications of behavioural economics on regulatory law and government policy. In order to do so it first introduces and in short describe the current trends in behavioural economics through a quick look into the aim and history of this relatively new and innovative field of economics. Th e article then analyses the combination of this field of study with law in the form of a rather specific field of study called behavioural law and economics. The analyses of the possible impact on government policies and the regulation in certain areas then follow and result in suggestions of further possible interactions between law and economics.
The Algorithm of the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in Light of the Protocol No. 15 Amending the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Kopa Martin
Published: January 2018

European Court of Human Rights applies the margin of appreciation doctrine in order to determine the level of its self-restraint and the latitude of free discretion of states when implementing their Convention obligations. The rationale behind this doctrine is that in certain cases, domestic bodies are in a better position than international judges to provide adequate protection to human rights. In this regard, they should be afforded a margin of appreciation. The Court subsequently only reviews, if the interferences contested by an individual fall within this margin or not. This doctrine was a subject of overwhelming critique because the European Court of Human Rights did not apply it transparently and consistently. Therefore the main goal of this article is to normatively construe an algorithm which could be taken into account by the European Court of Human Rights when applying the doctrine in order to prevent the mentioned critique.
Public Administration Entities vs. Specific (Untypical) Entities´in Polish Administrative Law System
Authors: Bieś-Srokosz Paulina
Published: January 2018

The political changes in Poland that took place at the end of the 20th century contributed to the establishment of new organizational forms of public administration entities. Their objective was to adapt administration, its operations, and its organizational forms to perform new public tasks in the area of economy. The entities operating within those new organizational forms were in conflict with the traditional notion of public administration entity. The main objective of this article is the analysis of legal status of each specific entities of public administration and to draw attention to their eclectic legal character.
Current Amendments Regulating Enforcement of Judgment in Upbringing of Minors in Slovakia
Authors: Ficová Svetlana
Published: January 2018

In her article the author deals with the amended provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, effective as of 1 January 2012, governing the so called personal enforcement (enforcement of judgment in relation to the upbringing of minor children). In addition to the interpretation of the new statutory provisions, some reference is made also to various interpretation problems resulting from the new legal regulation, and some solutions of these problems are offered. Having analysed the more restrictive compulsory measures which may be ordered by the court against any person who has refused to comply voluntarily with the court decision concerning custody or visitation of a minor child or the decision relating to taking away a child, the author concludes that such measures may not always be effective.
The Role of the UN Security Council vis-à-vis the International Criminal Court – Resolution 1970 (2011) and its Challenges to International Criminal Justice
Authors: Lentner Gabriel M.
Published: January 2018

On February 26 2011, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1970 referring the situation concerning Libya to the International Criminal Court (ICC). Th is unprecedented support for and acknowledgment of the ICC did not come without a price: conditio sine qua non for Council members not party to the ICC was the inclusion of operative § 6 into the resolution, which exempts certain categories of nationals of non-parties from ICC jurisdiction. Th e same highly controversial exemption was included in the Security Council’s referral of the situation in Darfur to the ICC in 2005. Deviating from the Rome Statute’s jurisdiction regime such practice not just poses challenges to principles of international criminal justice but raises the question whether the Rome Statute is altered by the resolution containing the referral to the effect that the ICC is being bound to the exemptions contained in its exercise of jurisdiction. Addressing these issues, the present paper elaborates firstly on the jurisdictional exemption of § 6 and its effect on the ICC, followed by a discussion of resulting challenges to the principle of legality, the principle of universal jurisdiction for international crimes, the equality of individuals before the law and the principle of independence of the court.
Introducing Important Changes Concerning the Avoidance of Double Taxation Between Czech Republic and Poland
Authors: Świerczek Adam
Published: January 2018

On January 1, 2013 a new treaty between the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland dealing with avoidance of double taxation as well as prevention of tax evasion in the field of income tax has come into effect. The treaty newly introduced the taxation of income of the permanent establishment, changes in rates of dividend taxes, interest rates and royalties, and, last but not least, what has been altered is even the definition of royalties. Furthermore, the treaty also brings a new adaptation of the profits of associated enterprises. Approval of the clause regarding exchange of information as well as cancellation of the tax-sparing clause is a novelty. This article is dealing with the description of the changes and novelties and the indication of the potential importance.
The Issue of the Definition of “Sound Recording” in the Slovak and Czech Legislation
Authors: Adamov Norbert
Published: January 2018

Sound recording a posteriori Slovak as well as Czech legislation represents the unity of the recorded information and the medium in which the information is stored. However, the medium of audio information can take various forms. This diversity is on the one hand determined by the technical development and on the other hand by the fact that the term “sound recording” can be interpreted broadly, which means that under the term “sound recordings” need not be understood only carriers of audio information that are directly reproducible by means of a technical equipment intended for sound reproduction but even such objects which are already technically outdated (e.g. musicboxes or automatic musical instruments) or that are relatively new but specific or rare (e.g. music roads). Therefore in some case unclear or imprecise definition of “sound recording” may lead to doubt whether a particular object ought to be protected as a sound recording or not.
New Legal Regulation of Admissibility of Appellative Review from the Viewpoint of Certiorari Institute
Authors: Šínová Renáta , Vraník Jakub
Published: January 2018

The article is focused on current legal regulation concerning review of an appeal within the Czech civil procedure law. Changes, adopted by Czech legislator in 2012, brought to this extraordinary remedy new concept and approach. The article compares this approach to a certiorari principle common the US legislation and brings conclusions denying the new Czech and the US legal regulation shall correspond perfectly to each other, even though some experts expressed an opposite opinion.
Letter of Rights for Persons Arrested on the Basis of a European Arrest Warrant: A Novelty Under the Directive 2012/13/Eu
Authors: Klimek Libor
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with a Letter of rights for persons arrested on the basis of a European arrest warrant, a novelty introduced by the Directive 2012/13/ EU on the right to information in criminal proceedings. The Directive stipulates that Member States of the EU shall ensure that persons who are arrested for the purpose of the execution of an European arrest warrant are provided promptly with appropriate Letter of rights containing information on their rights according to the law implementing the Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA on the European arrest warrant in the executing Member State. The paper is divided into three sections. First section presents fundamental knowledge on starting points of the letter of rights. Further, second section analyses its legal basis, i.e. Directive 2012/13/EU. The last third section introduces an indicative model of letter of rights.
Pluralism of Mass Media as a Constitutional Principle
Authors: Bartoň Michal
Published: January 2018

The article deals with following issues: - plurality of mass media as a freedom of speech principle, - regulation of mass media and its two faces: regulation as a way of limitation of freedom of expression and regulation as a way of protection of freedom of expression, - danger of mass-media monopoly for “free trade of ideas”, - regulation of content versus regulation of access, the question of positive obligations of state power resulting from constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech, - legal means for securing of mass-media plurality and question of its constitutional conformity with protection of property (regulation of mass-media ownership as a protection of freedom of speech).
Organization of Czech and Polish Administrative Judiciary
Authors: Kryska David
Published: January 2018

The author, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of most recent reforms of administrative judiciary in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland, compares the legislation of Czech and Polish administrative judiciary. The article is divided into three parts, the first two discuss the legislation in both countries. Constitutional foundations of the organization and the system of administrative judiciary are addressed there. Subsequently, the author deals separately with the legislation of lower levels of the system and the legislation of supreme administrative courts, focussing on judges and other professional staff and the structure of the courts. Both the parts are rounded by an interpretation of the instruments for unification of the judicature. The third part of the paper includes the final summary.