bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast DNA Variation of Carapa guianensis in the Amazon basin
Authors: Cloutier D. , Póvoa J. S. R. , Procopio L. C. , Leão N. V. M. , Wadt L. H. De O. , Ciampi A. Y. , Schoen D. J.
Published: October 2017

Carapa guianensis is a widespread Neotropical tree species that produces a seed adapted for water dispersal. We conducted a pilot study of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation in order to investigate the consequences of hydrochory on genetic diversity and geographic population structure in the lower Amazon basin. A survey of cpDNA haplotype variation reveals a strong regional structure, which suggests limited gene flow by seeds. Within site variation was detected only in one floodplain forest (varzea), suggesting that seed dispersal by water in these forests has the potential to mix maternal lineages. Several phylogeographic hypotheses are discussed with respect to these data.
Stepwise Penalty Index Selection from Populations with a Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Wei Run-Peng , Lindgren D.
Published: October 2017

By adding a penalty to a candidate’s breeding value for its relationship with the selected individuals, two indexes were constructed as criteria for stepwise selection of superior individuals from populations with a hierarchical structure. The relationship was expressed in terms of either family contribution or group coancestry. One of the indexes was derived from an optimal selection model. A stepwise procedure that screened superior individuals one by one was introduced to make selection based on these indexes possible. Two penalty selection methods exclusively maximized gain at given coancestry. Both methods produced all identical solutions in most of the populations simulated, and were nearly equivalent in the remaining populations, particularly when heritability was high and the population structure was simple. A better balance between gain and coancestry following penalty index selection can be obtained by avoiding the two extreme solutions: combined- index and within-family selection, and using simple mating designs rather than complex ones.
Accuracy of Ranking Individuals in Field Tests of Different Designs: A Computer Simulation
Authors: Xie Chang-Yi , Fu Y.-B. , Yanchuk A. D.
Published: October 2017

A computer simulation was conducted to investigate the accuracy of ranking individual trees in field tests of different designs. A test population that consists of 900 trees from 45 full-sib families generated by three 6-parent disconnected half-diallels was considered. One incomplete block design with single-tree plots and four complete block designs with 1, 2, 4, and 10-tree row plots were examined. Various narrow-sense heritabilities, site variation patterns (patch sizes and gradient slopes), and two levels of dominant to additive genetic variance ratios (0 and 0.30) were evaluated. Results indicate that the accuracy of ranking depends more on the heritability of the trait and less on the magnitude of the dominant genetic variance, site variation patterns, and field designs. With patchy site variation, differences in ranking accuracy were observed for different designs, but became smaller with higher heritabilities. Impact of environmental gradient on the accuracy of individual ranking was negligible. Incomplete block design with single-tree plots (ICB1) provided the most accurate ranking when heritability was low while complete block design with 2-tree plots (RCB2) appeared to be the best when heritability was high. Large row plot designs were among the least effective in all the simulated scenarios. For traits with medium heritabilities, the statistical efficiencies of ICB1 and RCB with 1 and 2-tree plots are comparable.
Bud Removal Affects Shoot, Root, and Callus Development of Hardwood Populus Cuttings
Authors: Wiese A. H. , Zalesny J. A. , Donner D. M. , Zalesny R. S.
Published: October 2017

The inadvertent removal and/or damage of buds during processing and planting of hardwood poplar (Populus spp.) cuttings are a concern because of their potential impact on shoot and root development during establishment. The objective of the current study was to test for differences in shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of roots, length of the longest root, and callus dry mass among ten poplar clones subjected to three pre-planting bud removal intensities (0%, 50%, 100%). The ten clones and their genomic groups were: DM115 (P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh× P. maximowiczii A. Henry); DN34, I45-51 (P. deltoides× P. nigra L.); NC13446, NC13563, NC13649, NC13685, NC13747 [(P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray× P. deltoides)× P. deltoides]; and NM2, NM6 (P. nigra× P. maximowiczii). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were processed from shoots collected January 2005 from stool beds established at Hugo Sauer Nursery in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (45.6 °N, 89.4°W). We measured the traits from harvested cuttings after 14 d of growth. The treatment× clone interaction governed shoot dry mass (P < 0.0001). In general, the top four clones (DM115, DN34, NM2, NM6) exhibited the best shoot dry mass with 0% and 50% of buds removed, while differences among treatments for the remaining clones were negligible. Clones differed for root dry mass (P < 0.0001), while the treatment and clone main effects governed number of roots (P = 0.0126, P < 0.0001, respectively) and length of the longest root (P = 0.0077, P < 0.0001, respectively). Cuttings subjected to the 0% treatment exhibited the greatest number of roots, while cuttings of the 0% and 50% treatment exhibited the greatest length of the longest root. The treatment× clone interaction governed the presence of callus (P = 0.0161), while clones differed for callus dry mass (P < 0.0001). Bud removal did not affect root biomass but it did impact root initiation. Unlike shoot dry mass, the response to removing buds for all rooting traits was not clone-specific. From a practical standpoint, inadvertently damaging and/or removing ≤ 50% of the buds during processing and planting should not be a concern for establishment.
Date of Shoot Collection, Genotype, and Original Shoot Position Affect Early Rooting of Dormant Hardwood Cuttings of Populus
Authors: Zalesny R. S. , Wiese A. H.
Published: October 2017

Identifying superior combinations among date of dormant- season shoot collection, genotype, and original shoot position can increase the rooting potential of Populus cuttings. Thus, the objectives of our study were to: 1) evaluate variation among clones in early rooting from hardwood cuttings processed every three weeks from shoots collected throughout the dormant season and 2) evaluate variation among genomic groups in early rooting of the same cuttings while testing for differences among three parental shoot positions (apical, middle, basal). We tested 22 clones belonging to six genomic groups ([P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh] × P. deltoides ‘BC’, P. deltoides ‘D’, P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘DM’, P. deltoides × P. nigra L. ‘DN’, P. nigra × P. maximowiczii ‘NM’, P. trichocarpa ‘T’). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were processed from shoots collected every three weeks beginning 1 Dec. 2003 until 9 Apr. 2004 from stool beds established at Hugo Sauer Nursery in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA (45.6 °N, 89.4°W). We measured number of roots and root dry weight from harvested cuttings after 14 days of growth. The interaction between date of shoot collection and clone governed both traits (P < 0.0001). In general, clones exhibited the best rooting when cuttings were processed from shoots collected on or after 23 Feb. 2004. The interaction between date of shoot collection, genomic group, and shoot position governed number of roots (P = 0.0348) and root dry weight (P = 0.0262). There was broad variation in number of roots and root dry weight of apical, middle, and basal cuttings within and among genomic groups across dates of shoot collection, with 15 Mar. 2004 being an important date because differences among positions began to develop or changed relative to earlier dates. Thus, for increased plantation establishment potential with similar genotypes, we recommend collecting stool shoots no sooner than the end of February and matching cuttings of specific shoot positions to each genomic group.
Short Note: High Throughput Microsatellite Genotyping in Oak Species
Authors: Lepais O. , Léger V. , Gerber Sophie
Published: October 2017

Microsatellites are widely used markers for multiple purposes in oaks. We describe a complete procedure for cheap DNA extraction and fast microsatellites genotyping by multiplex PCR. 10 loci were selected to form two multiplex kits including three loci that show a high differentiation between Quercus robur and Q. petraea. The loci were tested in three oak species and show a high mean genetic diversity of 0.84. The cumulative exclusion probability for parentage analysis was 0.999977 for single parent and 1.0 for paternity. Finally, the relatively high differentiation coefficient (Gst = 0.04) will facilitate species assignment based on genotypes in oaks.
Clonal Variation and Genotype by Environment Interactions in Growth and Wood Density in Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Three Contrasting Sites in Vietnam
Authors: Kien N. D. , Jansson G. , Harwood C. , Almqvist C.
Published: October 2017

A total of 172 clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were tested in three clonal tests in northern, north-central and southern Vietnam, with 32 of them planted across all three sites. At age 3-5 years, the clonal repeatabilities were 0.18-0.42 for growth traits, 0.71-0.78 for wood basic density and 0.56-0.66 for pilodyn penetration. Genotypic correlations between growth and density at the three sites were from -0.24 to 0.17, and did not differ significantly from zero. Genotypic correlations between sites were 0.32-0.56 for growth traits at age 3 years, and 0.72-0.88 for density and pilodyn penetration. Selection gains for breast height diameter at individual sites at a selection proportion of 5% were 22-32%, with minor effects on density. Selection for diameter at one site gave indirect responses in diameter at the other two sites that were only 40-60% of the gains obtainable from direct selection at those sites. This study shows that fast-growing E. camaldulensis clones can be selected in Vietnam with only minor effects on density. Selection for growth should be regionally based to maximize selection gain whereas clonal rankings for density will change little across regions.
Microsatellite Based Paternity Analysis in a Clonal Eucalyptus nitens Seed Orchard
Authors: Grosser C. , Potts B. M. , Vaillancourt René E.
Published: October 2017

Microsatellite markers were used to determine paternity in 473 open-pollinated progenies from a clonal Eucalyptus nitens seed orchard of 50 trees from 12 different genotypes. The outcrossing rate in this orchard was high, averaging 0.85 (weighted by capsule crop) but variable between trees (ranging from 0.6-1.0). Paternal contribution of each genotype to the open-pollinated seed crop was predicted by the size of the flower crop of each genotype (r = 0.76), but not the number of ramets. While the detectable contamination in this orchard is relatively low (4.5%), it is atypical when compared to other published estimates in eucalypt seed orchards suggesting that with suitable buffering low levels of contamination can be achieved.
Resistance to Ceratocystis Wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata) in Parents and Progenies of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla
Authors: Rosado Carla Cristina Gonçalves , Guimarães Lúcio Mauro Da Silva , Titon Miranda , Lau Douglas , Rosse Leonardo , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela De , Alfenas Acelino Couto
Published: October 2017

Ceratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is one of the most damaging diseases in eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Although there are resistant genotypes, the genetic basis of resistance is still poorly understood. In this paper we studied the resistance level by a stem inoculation experiment of genotypes of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla and estimated the heritability and gains of selection in families derived from controlled interspecific crosses. In both species, highly resistant as well as highly susceptible genotypes to Ceratocystis wilt were found. Out of 21 parents assessed, twelve were resistant and nine susceptible. Estimates of individual narrow (50%) and broad (59%) sense heritability suggested a high degree of genetic control and low allelic dominance of the trait. There was great genetic variation among and within families, a fact that contributes to high heritability and genetic gain. A genetic gain in lesion size of up to -74.4% was obtained from selection of the 50 best clones in the evaluated families, i.e., the mean lesion length in the progeny population can be reduced by 74,4%.
Genetic Parameters and Genotype by Environment Interaction in Radiata Pine for Growth and Wood Quality Traits in Australia
Authors: Baltunis Brian. S. , Gapare W. J. , Wu H. X.
Published: October 2017

The phenotypic response of genotypes across different environments can be quantified by estimating the genotype by environment interaction (GxE). In a practical sense, GxE means that the relative performance of genotypes does not remain constant under all test conditions. Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interactions for wood density, growth, branching characteristics and stem straightness were investigated in eight radiata pine progeny trials derived from a second generation breeding population in Australia. Five trials were on the mainland, while three trials were in Tasmania. Generally, ĥ2for density > branch angle > stem straightness > tree diameter > branch size; and significant ĥ2was observed for all traits and at all trials with only two exceptions. Genetic correlations were estimated among the five traits, and a large negative genetic correlation observed between wood density and tree diameter indicated that a selection strategy should be developed in dealing with this adverse genetic correlation in advanced generations of breeding for radiata pine. Interactions for density, branch angle, and stem straightness were small within the two regions. Overall, branch angle had the least GxE, followed by density and stem straightness. Growth traits (tree diameter and branch size) tended to be the most interactive with substantial GxE present. Genotype by regional interactions (Mainland versus Tasmania) revealed that density and branch angle had the least interactions (ȓB= 0.98 and ȓB= 0.95, respectively). Branch size and tree diameter had the highest interactions among the two regions (ȓB= 0.55 and ȓB= 0.63, respectively). Within Tasmania, only branch size and tree diameter had a sizable interaction within the three sites. In contrast, there was little interaction for tree diameter among the Mainland trials. Branch size in the Mainland trials had a similar size of interaction as in Tasmania. Further research is recommended in identifying the cause of GxE for tree diameter and branch size in radiata pine across the entire radiata pine estate in Australia.
Provenance Productivity of High and Low Elevation Pinus tecunumanii in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyoka B. I. , Tongoona P. , Gumbie C. M.
Published: October 2017

The productivity potential of provenances and families of Pinus tecunumanii were determined across a range of environments in four orthogonal field trials in Zimbabwe. Provenances of P. tecunumanii from altitudes above 1500 m (High Elevation) in natural stands in Mexico and Central America were significantly superior (P < 0.05) to provenances from altitudes below 1500 m (Low Elevation) when planted in Zimbabwe in eightyear mean individual tree volume (1729.2 versus 1588.6 dm3) at 1760 m a.s.l.; were not significantly different (1163.1 versus 1143.9 dm3) at 1450 m a.s.l.; but the latter was significantly superior (1756.4 versus 1468.6 dm3) at 1050 m a.s.l., and (720.7 versus 531.5 dm3) at 780 m a.s.l. The most productive provenances were Juquila (26.1 m3ha-1yr-1) at 1760 m, Yucul (17.3 m3ha-1yr-1) at 1450 m, San Francisco (24.9 m3ha-1yr-1) at 1050 m and Villa Santa (11.1 m3ha-1yr-1) at 780 m a.s.l. Improved P. patula was significantly superior to P. tecunumanii at 1760 m a.s.l but the differences were nonsignificant at 1450 m a.s.l. In the warm lower altitude sites, P. tecunumanii was not significantly different from improved P. oocarpa, the commonly planted species, although some provenances of P. tecunumanii were significantly superior by as much as 31%. The top 10 ranked families of the high elevation P. tecunumanii had an eight-year volume advantage of 1% and 23% over P. patula at Stapleford and Cashel, and 40% and 34% over P. oocarpa at Gungunyana and Maswera respectively. Genotype-environment interaction was significant by elevation group, provenance and family level. The interaction at the family level was however largely contributed by families from the high elevation P. tecunumanii. Opportunities exist for immediate deployment of seed of selected provenances of P. tecunumanii in medium and low altitude areas to improve plantation productivity. There is however, no immediate yield advantage of using P. tecunumanii seed in high potential environments currently planted to P. patula. Breeding and selection could also bring about the planting of P. tecunumanii in the higher altitudes in the near future.
Performance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd Provenances in Dryland Savannah of Niger
Authors: Larwanou M. , Raebild A. , Issa R. , Kjær E. D.
Published: October 2017

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 11 Acacia senegal provenances in Niger, West Africa, grown on 2 different soil types. Among the provenances, 6 are from Niger, 4 from Mali and 1 from Sudan. The assessment was carried out with measurements of growth parameters (survival rate, height, diameter and basal area) as well as gum and fruit production at age 15. The results showed significant differences in growth parameters between soil types and provenances. The provenances from Mali perform best, followed by the local Niger provenances. There were no significant differences in gum and fruit production between provenances, but it cannot be excluded that this was a result of limited power in the test of provenance variation in these traits. Survival of the provenances was correlated to the precipitation and the latitude of the origin, whereas basal area was correlated to latitude, and height was correlated to longitude/altitude at the origin. Recommendations could be made for genetic selection of two Mali provenances if growth is a desired character. We conclude that recommendations in terms of gum and fruit production must be based on a relative high number of sample trees as tree to tree variation within provenances may be large.
Controlled Pollination Methods for Creating Corymbia Hybrids
Authors: Dickinson G. R. , Wallace H. M. , Lee D. J.
Published: October 2017

Inter-specific Corymbia hybrids are of increasing interest to plantation forestry, yet there is little knowledge of the most suitable controlled pollination methods for this genus. Inter-specific crosses were made between C. torelliana [CT(maternal parent)] and C. citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV), C. henryi (CH) and C. citriodora subsp. citriodora (CCC) using conventional pollination, one-stop pollination (OSP) and artificially-induced protogyny on yellow buds (AIP Y) pollination methods. Additional treatments included AIP on green buds (AIP G) and the use of exclusion bags for the OSP and AIP methods. Inter-specific hybrids (CT x CCV, CT x CH and CT x CCC) were successfully created using all three pollination methods. The AIP Y treatment provided the highest seed yields and achieved time savings of >41% over the conventional and OSP methods, resulting in up to five-fold increases in operator productivity. However, the AIP Y treatment also had the highest C. torelliana contamination levels (9.3-13.2%). The use of exclusion bags with the AIP method had minimal effect on contamination rates, indicating a high proportion of selfpollen contamination. Contamination rates varied between maternal parents, suggesting variation in selfcompatibility for C. torelliana individuals. AIP using semi-ripe green buds was not effective at reducing selfing and had low operator productivity. The AIP method is suitable for use in a large-scale hybrid breeding program for C. torelliana. When self-pollination effects are managed, it could greatly reduce the costs associated with the production of seed of elite family crosses for commercial forestry deployment.
Cross-amplification and Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers From Acacia (Senegalia) mellifera and Acacia brevispica to Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.
Authors: Omondi Stephen F. , Dangasuk O. G. , Odee D. W. , Cavers S. , Khasa D. P.
Published: October 2017

Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated from Acacia brevispica and Acacia mellifera were successfully cross-amplified in Acacia senegal. The loci were surveyed for polymorphism using 30 samples. Allelic diversity ranged from 4 (Ame02, Ab06 and Ab18) to 13 (Ab26) per locus. The expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.543 (Ame02) to 0.868 (Ab26) while observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.516 (Ame05) to 0.800 (Ame03). Cross-amplification of these loci represents a potential source of co-dominant markers and will be useful in the study of genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and breeding systems of this important Acacia species.
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis in Association with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Milicic Vesna , Ravic-Nikolic Ana , Jovovic-Dagovic Bojana , Stojanovic Stevan , Mitrovic Slobodanka Lj.
Published: October 2017

Pustular psoriasis is an uncommon form of psoriasis consisting of widespread pustules on an erythematous background. Very rarely pustular psoriasis represent a paraneoplastic dermatosis. In this report we describe a case of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) associated with advanced, inoperable, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. We suggest that physicians should be alert for the worsening of existing psoriasis or formation of novel psoriasiform eruptions and should undertake clinical evaluation of possible neoplastic disease.
Bacterial Flora Play Important Roles in Acute Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Colitis But Are Not Involved in Gal-3 Dependent Modulation of Colon Inflammation
Authors: Markovic Bojana Simovic , Milosavljevic Neda , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Gazdic Marina , Lukic Miodrag L. , Volarevic Vladislav
Published: October 2017

An altered immune response to normal gut microflora is important for the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Galectin- 3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous lectin that plays an important pro-inflammatory role in the induction phase of acute colitis by promoting activation of the NLRP3 infl ammasome and production of IL-1β in macrophages. By using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis, a well-established animal model of UC, we determined whether Gal-3 affects the function of colon infiltrating macrophages by interfering with intestinal microfl ora. Our results showed that genetic deletion of Gal-3 significantly attenuates DSS-induced colitis by down-regulating infiltration of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) in colon tissue of DSS-treated mice, and this correlated with differences in bacterial flora of the gut. Antibiotic treatment attenuates DSS-induced colitis in WT and Gal-3-/- mice without affecting differences between the groups. In conclusion, Gram negative bacterial flora play an important role in DSS-induced acute colitis of mice but are not involved in Gal-3 dependent modulation of colon inflammation.
Structured Matrix Methods Computing the Greatest Common Divisor of Polynomials
Authors: Christou Dimitrios , Mitrouli Marilena , Triantafyllou Dimitrios
Published: October 2017

This paper revisits the Bézout, Sylvester, and power-basis matrix representations of the greatest common divisor (GCD) of sets of several polynomials. Furthermore, the present work introduces the application of the QR decomposition with column pivoting to a Bézout matrix achieving the computation of the degree and the coeffcients of the GCD through the range of the Bézout matrix. A comparison in terms of computational complexity and numerical effciency of the Bézout-QR, Sylvester-QR, and subspace-SVD methods for the computation of theGCDof sets of several polynomials with real coeffcients is provided.Useful remarks about the performance of the methods based on computational simulations of sets of several polynomials are also presented.
Integrated Approach to Correcting the High-Bar Back Squat From “Excessive Forward Leaning”
Authors: Bishop Chris , Turner Anthony
Published: October 2017

THE HIGH-BAR BACK SQUAT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED A CORNERSTONE IN AN ATHLETE'S PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM BECAUSE OF ITS CAPACITY TO ENHANCE LOWER-BODY STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT. HOWEVER, MOVEMENT COMPENSATIONS ARE COMMON WITH MANY EXHIBITING AN “EXCESSIVE FORWARD LEAN” DURING THEIR TECHNIQUE. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO OUTLINE THE POTENTIAL REASONS FOR THIS COMPENSATION. FURTHERMORE, POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS THAT COACHES COULD CONSIDER TO ADDRESS EXCESSIVE FORWARD LEAN AND OPTIMIZE HIGH-BAR BACK SQUAT TECHNIQUE HAVE BEEN OFFERED.
Uloga savjesti u etičkom prosuđivanju i djelovanju
Authors: Tićac Iris , Gušić Ana
Published: October 2017

Nakana je ovog rada pružiti doprinos boljem razumijevanju savjesti i njene uloge u etičkom prosuđivanju i djelovanju. Savjest je posljednja instanca u prosuđivanju ljudskog djelovanja. Opće je poznato i prihvaćeno da čovjeka obvezuje samo njegova savjest. No, upravo stoga valja promisliti što se uistinu može smatrati sudom savjesti. To je posebice aktualno danas kada se nerijetko previđa da je savjest subjektivna norma, te da i sama treba biti normirana. Budući da savjest nije uvijek ispravna, posebna se pozornost posvećuje i odgoju savjesti. Rad se pritom oslanja poglavito na djela Tome Akvinskog, Immanuela Kanta i zastupnika etike situacije.
Mišljenja učenika o provođenju provjeravanja i ocjenjivanja u nastavnoj praksi
Authors: Vrkić Dimić Jasmina , Stručić Maja
Published: October 2017

U članku se oslikava kompleksnost nastavnog provjeravanja i ocjenjivanja učenika kroz eksplikaciju značenja i zadataka ove etape nastavnog procesa te isticanje poteškoća koje se pojavljuju prilikom njene realizacije. Naznačeni su i zakonski okviri provedbe provjeravanja i ocjenjivanja učenika u osnovnim i srednjim školama.Praksa nastavnog provjeravanja i ocjenjivanja prikazana je kroz analizu i interpretaciju rezultata ispitivanja mišljenja skupine osnovnoškolskih i srednjoškolskih učenika (N=147) o navedenoj problematici. Utvrđeni su najčešći i preferirani oblici te mišljenja učenika o ne/korektnosti i transparentnosti provjeravanja i ocjenjivanja znanja i sposobnosti učenika u nastavnoj praksii prilikama za samoevaluaciju. Prikupljeni podaci upućuju na to da se u provođenju navedene etape nastavnog procesa ostvaruje nedovoljna raznovrsnost u oblicima njene realizacije, da učenicima nisu uvijek pružene adekvatne povratne informacije o rezultatima njihova rada te da je provjeravanje i ocjenjivanje dominantno nastavnikova aktivnost prilikom koje učenici najčešće nisu u prilici da samostalno ocijene svoj napredak u učenju i ostvarivanju zadataka nastave. Iz navedenog logično proizlazi često prisutan dojam učenika da su nekorektno ocijenjeni. Nastavno bi provjeravanje i ocjenjivanje trebalo uvažavati kompleksnost učenikove osobnosti i njen originalni doprinos u nastavi. Dijelom je to moguće ostvariti uporabom različitih oblika realizacije, pružanjem jasnih informacija o rezultatima učenja te većim stupnjem uključenosti učenika u ocjenjivanje svojeg napretka u učenju.
Stručno osposobljavanje kao jedan od načina prevladavanja nezaposlenosti
Authors: Perin Višnja
Published: October 2017

Nezaposlenost je jedan od ozbiljnijih problema s kojim se suočava suvremeno društvo. U ovom se članku analizira jedan od načina kako prevladati visoku nezaposlenost i njezine posljedice, i to uz pomoć stručnog osposobljavanja. Daje se pregled rezultata istraživanja provedenog nad odraslim osobama (u dobi od 18 do 55 god) koje su bile uključene u proces osposobljavanja u Hrvatskom zavodu za zapošljavanje, Područnoj službi Zadar tijekom 2007. godine (od lipnjado prosinca). Istraživano je zapošljavanje nakon provedena osposobljavanja, odnosno koliki se broj osoba nakon šest mjeseci od završetka osposobljavanja zaposlio. Varijable koje su se u tome istraživanju promatrale su: spol, dob, prethodno završena škola i duljina vremena nezaposlenosti. Autorica ukazuje na podatak da je najveći učinak ovakva tipa osposobljavanja bio kod osoba koje su mlađe (do 35 godina), te kod osoba koje imaju kraće vrijeme nezaposlenosti (do 12 mjeseci). Spol i prethodno završena škola nisu se su pokazale značajnima. Na kraju autorica zaključuje da je značajna uloga stručnog osposobljavanja, posebice u stjecanju osnova iz informatičke pismenosti (osposobljavanje za rad na računalu i osposobljavanje za korištenje osnovnih računalnih programa…) kao jednom od načina smanjivanja nezaposlenosti u sustavu cjeloživotnog obrazovanja i učenja u suvremenom, posebice tehničkom okruženju.
Uvod u interkulturalnu pedagogiju
Authors: Drobac Ivana
Published: October 2017

Recenzija
John Henry Newman. Biografija
Authors: Poljak Maja
Published: October 2017

Recenzije
Dobne razlike u zastupljenosti čimbenika povezanih s poticanjem samopoštovanja predškolske djece
Authors: Sindik Joško , Vukosav Joško , Lukač Anđela
Published: October 2017

Samopoštovanje, važan aspekt samopoimanja, termin je kojim se izražava globalno vrjednovanje sebe. Koordinirano stimuliranje razvoja djetetova samopoštovanja djece od strane roditelja i predškolske ustanove, važan je preduvjet djetetova cjelokupnog psihofizičkog razvoja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje razlika u različitim aspektima interakcije stručnjaka u dječjem vrtiću, roditelja i djece, vezano uz poticanje samopoštovanja djeteta, s obzirom na dob djeteta. Sudionice istraživanja bile su prigodni uzorak od 102 majke koje su u prosincu 2009. godine imale djecu uključenu u programe predškolskih ustanova u Hrvatskoj. Primijenili smo Upitnik o roditeljskoj percepciji poticanja samopoštovanja u dječjem vrtiću. Pokazalo se da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na dob djece u roditeljskoj percepciji načina pomoći od strane vrtića u razvoju samopoštovanja djeteta, roditeljskom korištenju različitih izvora znanja o razvoju samopoštovanja koje koriste u odgoju djeteta te vrstama informacija koje roditelji dobivaju od strane odgojiteljica o djetetu. Međutim, razlike su prisutne u načinima koje roditelji koriste pri poticanju samopoštovanje djeteta, koji su nešto zastupljeniji kod starije djece.
Mimetički identitet s nasiljem i starozavjetno poimanje identiteta nasilja
Authors: Vučetić Marko
Published: October 2017

Autor u radu analizira odnos identiteta s nasiljem u mimetičkom ciklusu i starozavjetno određenje identiteta nasilja. Stvarnost mimetičkog ciklusa prosuđuje se pod vidom nemogućnosti pomirenja ontološkog određenja ljudskog bića sa zahtjevima konstruiranog realiteta zajednice izrasle na žrtvi individualnog. Kultura iznikla na zakonitostima mimetičkog ciklusa pokazuje se kao kultura privilegiranja mogućnosti, ali i, posljedično, kao kultura izgubljenosti egzistencijalnog identiteta. Starozavjetno poimanje identiteta nasilja, naprotiv, ne polazi od konstruiranja realiteta iz nekog čina utemeljujućeg nasilja, nego prikazuje povijesnu dinamiku prisutnosti nasilja, uvijek kao nečega što nipošto i nikako ne smije biti nadređeno čovjeku. Povijesna dinamika određuje nasilje kao čin koji je neodvojiv od osobe koja taj čin čini. U konačnici, autor dolazi do zaključka kako je razlika između identiteta s nasiljem u mimetičkom ciklusu i starozavjetnog određenja identiteta nasilja ontologijske naravi, riječ je, naime, o različitim razinama realnosti.
Kvaliteta srednjoškolskog strukovnog obrazovanja – "mjerenje" kvalitete
Authors: Perin Višnja
Published: October 2017

U radu se razmatraju mogućnosti određivanja kvalitete strukovnog obrazovanja s aspekta postavljenih ciljeva strukovnog obrazovanja. Ukazuje se na složenost koncepta kvalitete strukovnog obrazovanja te se apostrofira da za razliku od nekih drugih proizvoda ili usluga gdje posljedice dobre ili loše kvalitete snosi proizvođač, odnosno pružatelj usluge u sustavu obrazovanja posljedice dobre ili loše kvalitete obrazovanja snose učenici odnosno društvo u cjelini. Zaključno se sugerira da iako je kvaliteta kvalitativna kategorija koju je teško kvantificirati i "izmjeriti" ne treba odustati od stalnog "mjerenja" i propitivanja kvalitete. Pri tome se u taj proces trebaju uključiti sve zainteresirane strane (država, roditelji, nastavnici, škola, učenici, gospodarstvo, društvo u cjelini) svaka sa svog aspekta kako bi kroz povratne informacije pomogli i doprinijeli razvoju kvalitete strukovnog obrazovanja jer kvaliteta nikada nije nešto što je konačno i gotovo.
Vodi li globalizacija "sukobu civilizacija"?
Authors: Režan Predrag
Published: October 2017

Samuel P. Huntington u knjizi "Sukob civilizacija i preustroj svjetskog poretka" svijet s kraja 20. stoljeća dijeli na devet civilizacija. Autor, pridajući civilizaciji ustaljene, općeprihvaćene značajke, smatra da je kultura, odnosno religija, njena vrlo bitna značajka. Tako njegova kataklizmička prognoza o "sukobu civilizacija" ima svoje utemeljenje u povijesnim tijekovima. Kako globalizacijski procesi obuhvaćaju interakciju navedenih činitelja, a pitanja koja se pritom nameću pogađaju samu njegovu bit, razvijanje i njegovanje moralnog osjećaja od presudne je važnosti za miroljubivu koegzistenciju među ljudima. Čovjek je, iako "bačen" na međucivilizacijske razdjelnice, zasigurno onaj koji jedini može preuzeti korektivnu ulogu globalizacijskog procesa.
Samoprocjena nastavnika o poduzetničkom porivu – doprinos stvaranju poduzetničke kulture u osnovnoj školi
Authors: Vican Dijana
Published: October 2017

U današnjim shvaćanjima čovjekovog razvoja i učenja sve više se ističe značaj kontekstualnih, posebice socijalnih utjecaja, kao i njihovog dinamičnog međudjelovanja na pojedinca i, obrnuto, pojedinca na njih. Dinamična su-konstrukcija navedenih odnosa izgrađuje pojedinca, pri čemu je on aktivan akter dinamike promjena do kojih dolazi kod njega, ali i u njegovoj okolini. Znanja,sposobnosti, kompetencije konstruiraju se temeljem čovjekovog postojećeg iskustva te konteksta u kojem se učenje događa. Temeljne promjene u učenju i poučavanju su prijelaz na otvoreni sustav znanja i usmjerenje na sâme procese učenja. Učenje i poučavanje se otvaraju te se promatraju u daleko širem materijalnom, socijalnom, kulturnom kontekstu od onog uskog nastavnog. Sveto zahtijeva redefiniranje kurikuluma, kreiranje poticajnog okruženja učenja i poučavanja, ali i promijenjeni opći pristup u obrazovanju nastavnika.U radu se kratko iznose aktualne konstruktivističke interpretacije učenja i konteksta u kojem se ono odvija. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na socijalni konstruktivizam, zajednice prakse/učenja i informalne oblike učenja. Daje se pregled izmijenjene perspektive o učenju kroz niz od sedam principa te, u konačnici, refleksije teorije socijalnog konstruktivizma na praksu školskog učenja i poučavanja.
Razumijevanje danskog šumskog školskog pristupa
Authors: Valjan Vukić Violeta
Published: October 2017

Recenzija
Boškovićeva eksplikacija načela kontinuiteta
Authors: Knežević Marija
Published: October 2017

Temeljna svrha ovoga rada je prikaz Boškovićeva poimanja i objašnjenja načela kontinuiteta u kontekstu njegove prirodne filozofije. Prije toga, u kraćim crtama i poradi potpunijeg razumijevanja, u radu se iznose Boškovićevi biografski podatci kontekstualizirani u određenom vremenu. Načelo kontinuiteta formulirano je kao zahtjev da se promjena ili prijelaz s jednog stanja na drugo odvija preko svih međustanja, odnosno ono znači odsustvo skoka u bilo kakvoj promjeni. To načelo u Boškovićevoj prirodnoj filozofiji ne stoji zasebno, već ima snagu osnove za daljnje zaključivanje, odnosno biva temeljem za izvođenje teorije sila. Iz toga je razvidno kako se opravdanost dotične teorije sila temelji na opravdanosti načela iz kojega se izvodi, zbog čega Bošković to načelo induktivno i metafizički dokazuje. Nakon iznošenja takvog dvostrukog dokazivanja u radu, naglasak se stavlja i na jedinstvo empirijskog i konceptualnog koje se njime postiže, a koje je od iznimnog značenja za Boškovićevo djelo.
Izvori psihologijskoga znanja – prema Brentanu, 1874.
Authors: Škarica Dario
Published: October 2017

U ovom su članku sustavno izloženi razni izvori psihologijskoga znanja, na osnovi pomnaistraživanja Brentanove Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte (1874.), posebno prve njezineknjige, u kojoj su neki od tih izvora detaljno izloženi, drugi pak tek usput spomenuti. Pritomse pod izvorima misli, prvo, na spoznajne izvore, kao što su introspekcija, percepcija, razum,memorija i svjedočanstvo, drugo, na svu građu koju psihologija istražuje, od osobnih iskustavado društvenih normi, umjetnina itd. i, treće, na razne metode kojima se psihologija služi uistraživanju te građe. K tome, Brentanovi su nazori o pojedinim izvorima psihologijskoga znanjaizloženi, prvo, u širem povijesnom kontekstu problema introspekcije, kako su ga formuliraliKant i Comte, s rješenjima koja su ponudili J. S. Mill i Wundt i, drugo, u kontekstu tadašnjihLazarusovih i Steinthalovih te Wundtovih nastojanja oko utemeljivanja nove psihologijske grane,tzv. psihologije naroda.
Značaj i mogućnost suvremenog pristupa estetskom odgoju
Authors: Pejaković Sara
Published: October 2017

Mnogostruka i svestrana osobnost pojedinca temeljni su pojmovi pedagogije koja promišlja ocilju, svrsi i smislu odgoja. U suvremenim globalnim, pluralnim, postmodernim okolnostimadanašnjice uloga estetskog odgoja postaje manje relevantna kada se radi o funkcioniranju iodržanju suvremenog društva, „društva znanja“, tehniciranja koje daje primat ekonomskomi gospodarskom zanemarujući cjeloviti i kulturni razvitak. Čitav razvojni proces postaje takouključivanje i efikasnost u „proizvodnji i primjeni znanja“ za „ekonomiju znanja“ vođen isključivoprosperitetnim i ekonomskim motivima. Upravo ono općeljudsko i kulturno ne zanemarujevažnost svih odgojnih područja za razvitak svestrane osobnosti pojedinca kao socijalne jedinke,ali i ljudski razvoj uopće, pri čemu podrazumijeva pojam svestranosti kao formiranje i razvijanjetjelesnih, intelektualnih, moralnih, estetskih i radnih sposobnosti pojedinca u integrativnojsintezi. U radu se iznosi pregled misli o estetici orijentirajući se na ciljeve, svrhu i zadaću estetskogu suvremenom odgoju i obrazovanju s posebnim osvrtom na vezu estetskog i ostalih područjarazvoja čovjeka koja sačinjavaju jedinstvenu cjelinu i temelj za razvoj osobnosti pojedinca. Izdvajaopćeobrazovni, općekulturni i općeodgojni karakter estetskog odgoja promišljajući mogućnostnjezinog sadržajnog ostvarivanja s naglaskom na umjetnosti kao vrijednom stvaralačkom isadržajnom području estetskog odgoja.
Talijanski jezik danas, jezik koji teži jezičnom pojednostavljenju
Authors: Berišić Antić Danijela
Published: October 2017

Skupovi, predavanja, tribine
Geopolítica de los derechos humanos en las fronteras terrestres de Colombia en el primer periodo presidencial de Juan Manuel Santos
Authors: Sánchez Giraldo Cristhian , Calderón Sánchez Dulfary
Published: October 2017

El subdesarrollo vigente y diferente en cada país que comparte frontera terrestre con Colombia, factor presente desde la consolidación de cada Estado-nación, ha sido, si no el mayor, uno de los factores determinantes para que el Estado no garantice la protección de los Derechos Humanos. Por un lado, los Estados son atraídos por ciertas fuerzas endógenas influenciadas por diferentes tendencias políticas, económicas, sociales y/o culturales, las cuales se ven reflejadas en posibles conflictos sean estos estructurales o coyunturales, y, por otro lado, se encuentran diferentes fuerzas exógenas que están en constante reacción, como lo son las relaciones internacionales, determinantes también en la situación interna de cada Estado, como se demuestra en el caso de Venezuela, donde su situación interna genera inestabilidad en la geopolítica fronteriza.
A pesar de que en la mayoría de los Estados latinoamericanos hay una concordancia jurídica en su constitución política al involucrar el Derecho Internacional de los DD. HH., es evidente que su aplicabilidad está sujeta a estas fuerzas endógenas y exógenas generadoras de una fuerte deslegitimación tanto en las democracias de la región, como en sus instituciones. De ahí la urgencia de lograr un fortalecimiento democrático dentro de un marco jurídico estable, protector y garante de los DD. HH., logrando consolidar unas mejores relaciones entre los vecinos.
La afiliación fraudulenta en el sistema de seguridad social integral colombiano
Authors: Maldonado Sierra Guillermo
Published: October 2017

La afiliación fraudulenta a la seguridad social ha sido un asunto que de vieja data ha ocupado el interés de las autoridades nacionales, en razón del desequilibrio económico que puede generar al interior del Sistema y la defraudación de la confianza legítima de los ciudadanos que actualmente son inducidos a esta práctica por intermediarios que sacan provecho indebido del vacío legal existente. En la presente reflexión se hace un recuento de la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial de este fenómeno a la luz del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, el Sistema General de Pensiones y el Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales, para concluir que se carece de instrumentos jurídicos concretos para evitarlo y sancionarlo, aunado a que la jurisprudencia presenta un manejo ambiguo del tema, lo que impone varios retos de política pública al sistema.
Molecular Basis of Overdominance at a Flower Color Locus
Authors: LaFountain Amy M , Chen Wenjie , Sun Wei , Chen Shilin , Frank Harry A , Ding Baoqing , Yuan Yao-Wu
Published: October 2017

Single-gene overdominance is one of the major mechanisms proposed to explain heterosis (i.e., hybrid vigor), the phenomenon that hybrid offspring between two inbred lines or varieties show superior phenotypes to both parents. Although sporadic examples of single-gene overdominance have been reported over the decades, the molecular nature of this phenomenon remains poorly understood and it is unclear whether any generalizable principle underlies the various cases. Through bulk segregant analysis, chemical profiling, and transgenic experiments, we show that loss-of-function alleles of the FLAVONE SYNTHASE (FNS) gene cause overdominance in anthocyanin-based flower color intensity in the monkeyflower species Mimulus lewisii. FNS negatively affects flower color intensity by competing with the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes for the same substrates, yet positively affects flower color intensity by producing flavones, the colorless copigments required for anthocyanin stabilization, leading to enhanced pigmentation in the heterozyote (FNS/fns) relative to both homozygotes (FNS/FNS and fns/fns). We suggest that this type of antagonistic pleiotropy (i.e., alleles with opposing effects on different components of the phenotypic output) might be a general principle underlying single-gene overdominance.
Age-Related Changes of Some Trace Element Contents in Intact Thyroid of Males Investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Analysis
Authors: Zaichick Vladimir
Published: October 2017

A prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population. An excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid play important role in goitro- and carcinogenesis of gland. The variation with age of the mass fraction of six trace elements (Br, Cu, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn) in intact (normal) thyroid of 71 males (mean age 37.3 years, range 2.0-80) was investigated by 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis. Mean values ± standard error of mean for mass fractions (mg/kg, on dry-mass basis) of the trace elements studied were: Br 10.8±1.3, Cu 4.25±0.20, Fe 221±13, Rb 10.1±0.89, Sr 4.52±0.43, and Zn 122±5. This work revealed that there is a significant tendency for an increase in Zn mass fraction in normal male thyroid from age 36 years to the eight decade. Moreover, a great disturbance of intrathyroidal trace element relationships with increasing age was found. Therefore, a goitrogenic and carcinogenic effect of excessive Zn level in the thyroid of old males and of disturbance in intrathyroidal trace element relationships with increasing age may be assumed.
One-Year Language Outcomes in Toddlers With Language Delays: An RCT Follow-up
Authors: Hampton Lauren H. , Kaiser Ann P. , Roberts Megan Y.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES:

The current study is a 1-year follow-up analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) for toddlers with language delays. Outcomes and predictors of child language and parent intervention implementation were examined 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention.

METHODS:

Toddlers with language delays were recruited from the community, and 97 toddlers and parents were randomly assigned to receive usual community treatments or a 3-month EMT intervention with parent training. Multiple regression analyses were used to estimate the differences between groups at the 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. A subgroup of participants with receptive and expressive language delays was used in a post hoc moderator analysis of treatment outcomes.

RESULTS:

Children in the treatment arm did not differ from children in the control arm at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. However, post hoc analyses revealed that children with receptive-expressive language delays were persistently delayed relative to normative performance throughout the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS:

The immediate effects of the brief delivery of EMT were not sustained over the 1-year follow-up period. However, the short-term intervention may not have been sufficient for children with receptive-expressive delays to develop typical language abilities, suggesting they may need more intensive early intervention. Although this intervention may not be necessary for all children with primary language delays, future research should determine the extent to which children with receptive-expressive delays may benefit from more intensive intervention.
Emerging Microreaction Systems Based on 3D Printing Techniques and Separation Technologies
Authors: Ko Dong-Hyeon , Gyak Ki-Won , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: October 2017

The past three decades have seen increasing progress in the integration and process diversification of microfluidic systems for use in chemistry, biochemistry, and analysis. Here we summarize recent achievements in microreaction modules and microseparation units. We look into recent developments of microreaction systems fabricated by various 3D printing techniques for chemical synthetic applications. Moreover, we take a look at the recent achievements of newly developed microseparation technologies with enhanced separation efficiency realized by adopting single or hybrid principles as well as novel device concepts. Emerging technologies of 3D printing have potential to realize a vertically stacking the microchannels and miniaturization of bulky microreaction accessories. When the advanced microreaction systems are integrated with newly developed microseparation technologies, automated synthesis of industrial compounds, such as pharmaceuticals which need multiple types of salification chemistry, will be almost completed. Many opportunities are open to developing innovative microreaction systems with these techniques that can also be highly durable under harsh conditions.