bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rural English Language Teacher Identities: Alternative Narratives of Professional Success
Authors: Cruz-Arcila Ferney
Published: August 2020

This paper problematizes the notion of professional success in English language teaching as constructed in language policy in Colombia. This is done by examining one of the most underexplored social diversities in the field: rural schools. Stemming from a narrative study on how rural English language teachers configure their professional identities vis-à-vis the situated circumstances of their work settings and external pressures, this analysis shows that teachers’ sense of professional success is negotiated in creative, complex, and multiple—although not always consistent—ways, which represent alternative constructions of good teaching to those promulgated in policy. It is argued, then, that a reconfiguration of the belief systems of what teachers should know and do is necessary
La economía moral de los ricos. Comerciantes españoles en la rebelión de Túpac Catarí de Nuestra Señora de La Paz de Indias, 1781-1782
Authors: Cruz Enrique Normando
Published: August 2020

En el artículo se estudia los comerciantes españoles de la ciudad de Nuestra Señora de la Paz de Indias en el contexto de la sublevación de Túpac Catarí de 1781 a 1782. Planteándose que al igual que los “pobres”, los que circunstancialmente dominan la relación de poder también configuran una economía moral que puede conocerse en los rasgos de las relaciones de parentesco y amistad, flexibilidad ante la diversidad, relaciones con el Estado, y un patriotismo provincial y mundial.
La economía moral del cuerpo en el Antiguo Régimen hispano-colonial
Authors: Koeltzsch Grit Kirstin
Published: August 2020

El concepto de economía moral ha adquirido diversos significados y así también penetrado los estudios sociales de diversas disciplinas. Este trabajo intenta explorar su aplicación antropológica relacionada a las expresiones corporales, en concreto se analizan algunos aspectos sobre el control corporal en el distrito de Jujuy en el siglo XVIII, basándose en fuentes documentales como autos, bandos de Buen Gobierno, ordenanzas y representaciones. Estos reglamentos tienen la particularidad de ser reproducidos o bien producidos localmente por los cabildos de las ciudades, por lo que nos informan de la realidad local del cabildo y el vecindario en consideración a la realidad universal de la Corona. Se propone examinar diversas dimensiones sociales relacionadas a los cuerpos y así revisar el uso del modelo de Thompson y Scott y su aplicación para relacionar prácticas y expresiones corporales con las reglamentaciones de las autoridades coloniales del siglo XVIII. De esta manera la noción de economía moral puede ser utilizada en un sentido más amplio para observaciones analíticas con relación al cuerpo del ser humano.
Paternalismo, violencia y economía moral en la frontera austral del imperio español durante las campañas militares contrainsurgentes, 1813-1822
Authors: Ramírez Espíndola Manuel
Published: August 2020

Las acciones militares desplegadas por los virreyes Abascal y Pezuela contra los principales focos de la insurgencia sudamericana estuvieron marcadas por la movilización de sus respectivos componentes locales. En el caso específico del reino de Chile, dichas colectividades no solo conformaron sus propias fuerzas militares, sino que además participaron activamente en el diseño y puesta en escena de la contrarrevolución. La naturaleza de aquella “reacción monarquista”, así como las distintas prácticas desplegadas en su seno, nos revelan la existencia de complejas configuraciones sociales en las que diversos sectores vieron en la guerra un mecanismo de acumulación económica –a la vez que una fuente de legitimidad– en un tiempo en el que la monarquía borbónica contaba aún con un amplio aliciente en el imaginario político de aquellas poblaciones. La ponencia analiza las características que revistió este proceso, a través de la reconstrucción de las principales prácticas económicas y fiscales, junto con las redes relacionales que involucraron a los principales protagonistas de la guerra. Por un lado, destacamos las estrategias paternalistas de las autoridades locales y virreinales en el restablecimiento de la autoridad real, situación que convivió con los discursos de la oficialidad en torno a una justificación moral de su accionar.
De la discordia a la conciliación: la política contrarrevolucionaria en la Nueva España a través de sus discursos, 1812-1816
Authors: Chimal Abraham
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo se centra en distinguir el perfil de los discursos políticos moderados entre los años de 1812 y 1816, tanto aquellos emitidos por los líderes del grupo de sublevados como los enunciados por las autoridades virreinales de la Nueva España, con la finalidad de observar cómo esas posturas moderadas dieron pauta para la política conciliadora virreinal. Además, se busca aportar dos enfoques para la historiografía de la guerra de independencia de México. Por un lado, se propone que hubo indicios del inicio de la política de conciliación desde la restauración absolutista de 1814, es decir, antes de la entrada en funciones del virrey Apodaca en 1816, a quien hasta ahora se le atribuye la política conciliatoria. Por otro, se busca establecer que las posturas políticas moderadas existentes en cada bando no resultaban del todo antagónicas entre sí.
Consent to the Use of Artificial Reproduction and its Legal Significance for Establishing the Origin of the Child
Authors: Belova D. A.
Published: August 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of problems related to the establishment of the origin of children born as a result of artificial fertilization in the comparative legal aspect. It is noted that the principles laid down as the basis of the rules governing the order of the child’s origin vary significantly depending on whether it is a matter of natural or artificial reproduction. In the case of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the value of blood (genetic, biological) kinship is leveled, and its substituted by the will of the person to acquire parental rights and obligations with regard to the child. A person’s will to become a child’s parent is expressed before the child is born in a written permission to use the ART. It is noted that the absence of normative rules regulating the order of expression of consent and conditions of its validity is an obvious gap in the legal regulation of the ART application. It is proposed to treat consent as informed consent if the person applying for the use of ART is provided not only medical but also legal information concerning the legal status of the person participating in the ART program and the legal implications of such participation. The author investigates requirements applied to mutual consent and voluntary consent, its substantive and revocable nature, as well as inadmissibility of representation when expressing the will to use the ART. The author argues that the will to acquire the status of a parent should be expressed in a separate document describing the content of the will and verified by the notary. In order to ensure the best interests of the child in parental care, it is proposed to impose statutory restrictions on the free will to apply the ART.
Gender Verification in Sports: Controversial U.S.Experience
Authors: Borodina M. A. , Mashkova K. V. , Zenin S. S.
Published: August 2020

Uncertainty concerning admission to various levels of sports competitions that remains at the level of international organizations results in the situation when law-makers in a number of States express their view of the matter. To this end, experience of the USA in this sense is of particular interest as in the USA the conflict between the principle of equality, particularly with respect to national minorities, and fair competition in sports is resolved in differnt ways. On the one hand, the problem is politicized. On the other hand, states exercise unprecedented powers in the field of rulemaking, which creates prerequisites for the formation of diametrically opposed approaches that sometimes do not comply with the approach applied at the federal level. While a broad interpretation of gender that includes sexual orientation and gender identity, has been adopted at the federal level, in some states, e.g. Idaho, in deciding the question of admission to competitions it is prescribed to focus on the biological sex formed at birth. Opponents of the Idaho law can be divided into two groups: 1) individuals focusing on the ethical side of the issue arguing that under the new law anyone can question the gender of an athlete, which would lead to additional examinations; and 2) individuals who advocate rights of transgenders. Thus, law-makers pay more attention to substantiating the need for a legislative decision that appeals not only to jurisprudence and doctrinal approaches, but also to the results of medical research. A number of states have followed this approach and, while not everywhere, the idea of gender verification in sports has been brought to a logical conclusion that the very possibility of deviating from federally enshrined non-discrimination standards based on the broad interpretation of gender has created a unique opportunity for derogation from falsely understood ideas of tolerance and political correctness.
Self-Regulation of Genomic Studies and Prospects of Personified Medicine
Authors: Mashkova K. V. , Varlen M. V. , Shirokov A. Yu.
Published: August 2020

A secular trend of the development of medicine in the 20th century was on the ways of strengthening the foundations of public health, formation of systems of affordable medical care. Human genome deciphering opens wide prospects for using the obtained data in medicine. In recent years commercial medical organizations have been developing genetic research and personal genomic testing services. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the importance of legal self-regulation in the field of genomic counseling in the Russian Federation. The authors investigate the prospects of the introduction of personalized medicine and limitations that arise today in one of the areas of the approach under consideration, namely: forecasting predisposition to diseases of mixed nature, which is related to the peculiarities of development of medical and demographic situation in the world. The question is raised about the need for broad population studies to verify the risk values for diseases with low genetic determinacy. The authors conclude that it is impossible to predict what medicine of the future will be, but the results of genome decryption and increasing availability of personal data represent a unique social phenomenon that should be developed within the legal framework. In the coming years, the debate on the role of legal mechanisms in the self-regulation of genetic research and genetic services will become increasingly important. At the international level, this discussion will be focused on the fundamental issue of respect for individual rights in the interpretation of the data received. As genetic advice evolves, the issue of responsibility for the information provided and the availability of national regulatory mechanisms within the framework of state regulation or self-regulated professional associations will become a key concern.
Constitutional and Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence in Russia: Present and Future
Authors: Nechkin A. V.
Published: August 2020

In the paper, the author uses general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition to scrutinize the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of public relations in Russia, related to the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technology. Based on the results of the research, the author concludes that modern Russian constitutional legislation, even in its current form, makes it possible to regulate the nascent social relations associated with the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence technology. In particular, it is noted that the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation allow for an expanded interpretation of the concept "personality", covering not only a person, but also highly developed artificial intelligence. According to the author, the constitutional and legal status of highly developed artificial intelligence should be based on the image and likeness of the constitutional and legal status of a person. The only exceptions should be the following. First is legal personality, which by its legal nature should be extremely close to the legal personality of bodies and organizations and should arise from the moment the relevant decision is made by the competent state authority. Rights, freedoms and obligations should imply a limited amount of personal rights and freedoms, the complete absence of political and socioeconomic rights. The last exception is the limited passive dispositive capacity of artificial intelligence. In addition, the main element in the structure of the constitutional and legal status of artificial intelligence in Russia should be universal restrictions on its rights and freedoms, which would serve as analogues of natural human physiological restrictions and would not allow artificial intelligence to acquire evolutionary advantages over humans. Thus, the structure of the constitutional and legal status of artificial intelligence as a person can and should in the future look like this: legal personality; rights, freedoms and duties; guarantees that ensure the implementation of rights and freedoms; universal restrictions on rights and freedoms.
Counterfeit Information and Computer Product as an Object of Forensic Research of Computer Tools and Systems
Authors: Rossinskaya E. R. , Semikalenova A. I.
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the impact of global digitalization on the detection and investigation of crimes in the field of copyright and related rights violations based on the doctrine of criminalistic research of computer tools and systems, which is part of the private theory of information and computer support for criminalistic activities. It is noted that since the early 2000s, approaches to investigative tactics and forensic research of audio recordings, videos, and software have been considered in isolation from these types of objects. The development of information and computer technologies has led to the transfer of all the above-mentioned objects of copyright and related rights to digital format. Currently, copyright and related rights are protected by digital content, which includes audio-visual products, digital photos, digitized movies, digitized books, and software products. This content is computer-generated information that is independent of its medium and requires a uniform approach to its collection and research. The use of distributed computer technologies makes it possible to store and operate a single information and computer product on different, spaced media. Based on the analysis of existing literature, theoretical research and monitoring of investigative, judicial and expert practice, a new definition of "counterfeit information and computer product" is substantiated. It is a product of conscious human activity which is made using computer-digital technologies, presented in a digital form on one or more information carriers connected via computer networks or data virtualization technology so that several physical data carriers are linked into a logical module. If the product is altered when being manufactured, sold, exchanged, distributed or in any other way introduced into circulation, there is a violation of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity or means of individualization. The approach to counterfeit information and computer products as one of the types of digital footprint provides for a new way of tactical and forensic support development for investigative actions, the creation of methods of forensic research.
Development of an International Convention on the Control of Dangerous Infectious Diseases — Modern Requirement
Authors: Batyr V. A.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with current international legal problems that have arisen in connection with the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the study of the international legal framework aimed at countering the spread of dangerous infectious diseases, the author concludes that the existing rules and recommendations have been ineffective during the rapid spread of coronavirus infection. The activities of individual states and the World Health Organization are analyzed, and the possibility to request an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on the issue related to the spread of the pandemic in 2019-2020 is justified. A proposal has been put forward to establish a Committee on dangerous infectious diseases. The author suggests that international medical law as a complex international legal institution be at the stage of formation and should receive progressive development, including through the development and adoption of international medical agreements. A conceptual framework for decision-making is provided for evaluating and notifying events that may constitute a public health emergency of international significance. The chronology of the events in January — March 2020 related to the spread of COVID-19 and the measures taken to counteract it is reproduced. The author proposes the concept of a new International Convention "On the fight against dangerous infectious diseases" that should enshrine the following provisions: early notification about dangerous communicable disease; cooperation of the states in localization of the infectious diseases foci; cooperation with WHO; grant aid to the requesting state; facilitation of personnel, equipment and property transit through the territory of a state in and out of the requesting state; cooperation of states in order to facilitate the settlement of legal actions and complaints, etc.
Problems of Ensuring a Fair and Cost-Effective Balance of Interests of the Parties to an Employment Contract in the Development of Atypical Employment (Based on the Analysis of the Norms of Chapter 53.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Chernykh N. V.
Published: August 2020

The paper analyzes the problems of ensuring a fair and cost-effective balance of interests of the parties to an employment contract in the development of various forms of atypical employment, including those revealed through the analysis of the norms on the provision of labor to employees (personnel). There are gaps in the legislation regarding the equal level of remuneration of transferred employees in comparison with the regular staff of the receiving party; the lack of opportunities to participate in collective-contractual setting of working conditions; inability to implement the employee’s right to training and additional professional education. The author examines the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation expressed in the decision of 19.05.2020 No. 25-P "On constitutionality test of Art. 59 part 1 para. 8 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of I. A. Sysoev" regarding the conclusion of a fixed-term contract with transferred to other employers’ workers. The author concludes that the norms of Chapter 53.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation do not provide a fair and cost-effective balance of interests of the parties to the employment contract in the development of atypical employment. They may seem effective and useful to employers who use their own employees’ labor to minimize staff costs, but this efficiency is imaginary as it is based on short-term benefits and savings on the development of the organization in the future. In this regard, further development of both legislation and law enforcement practice should be based on ensuring a truly equal status of the regular employees and employees engaged by the employer under the contract for the provision of labor to employees (personnel). In the course of the research, the need to make changes to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is justified.
Optimization of energy parameters during surgery of high-density cataract
Authors: Tereshchenko Alexander V. , Trifanenkova Irina G. , Ivanov Alexander M. , Okuneva Marina V. , Orlova Natalya A.
Published: August 2020

The goal is to develop a combined technique for preliminary YAG laser fragmentation and Femto laser exposure on a CATALYS device and to evaluate its role in reducing the time and energy parameters of a surgery of high-density cataract.
Material and methods. The study included 118 patients (118 eyes) with age-related cataracts of the 3rd and 4th degrees of lens nucleus density. In the main group, before phacoemulsification (PE) with a Femto laser support and IOL implantation, preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation of the lens nucleus was performed. In the first control group, PE was performed with Femto laser support and IOL implantation. In the second control group PE with IOL implantation.
Results. A 35% decrease in the energy of the Femto laser action at a 3rd degree of lens nucleus density was achieved, and 40% at the 4th degree, in comparison with the PE with the Femto laser support without preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation, a 38% decrease in the cumulative ultrasound energy at 3rd degree of the lens nucleus density, and 42% at 4th degree compared with isolated ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification.
Conclusion. The proposed modification of the technique of combined YAG laser and Femto laser exposure allows achieving during cataract surgery a complete fragmentation of the lens nucleus of a high degree of density, helps minimizing the risk of complications and reaching quick postoperative rehabilitation of patients.
Recurrent pterygium – features of surgical treatment
Authors: Riks Inna A. , Astakhov Sergey Yu. , Papanyan Sanasar S. , Ezugbaya Maggie B. , Boutaba Rafik , Sokolov Ivan A.
Published: August 2020

Pterygium is a fibrovascular degenerative condition of the subconjunctival tissue that proliferates and grows into the cornea in the form of a vascularized fold, destroying the surface layers of the stroma and Bowmans membrane. This disease is common throughout the world. The etiology is not clear, but it is known that the appearance of pterygium is associated with exposure of the eye to ultraviolet rays. The treatment of the de novo occurring pterygium is a relatively simple task and involves surgical removal. But a simple excision is currently unacceptable due to the high recurrence rate. In order to minimize the risk of relapse, numerous adjuvant treatment methods are used, which include anti-metabolites such as Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil, amniotic membrane, various types of conjunctival and or limbal grafts; medications such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor are sometimes used. In the clinical case presented in the article, we successfully used the technique of anterior lamellar keratoplasty and autoconjunctival transplantation in combination with intra-operative use of anti-metabolite Mitomycin C in a young patient with recurrent stage IV pterygium (degree of activity 3) twice unsuccessfully operated on. As a result of this surgical technique, the transparency of the cornea was restored and high visual acuity was obtained.
Relative Locations of an Earthquake Sequence Recorded during June 2017 on the Koyna–Warna Borehole Seismic Network of Western India
Authors: Shashidhar Dodla , Rodriguez Ismael Vera , Mallika Kothamasu , Kühn Daniela , Wilks Matthew , Satyanarayana Hari Venkata Subramanya , Oye Volker
Published: August 2020

In the Koyna–Warna region, western India, an enormous number of microearthquakes was detected automatically on borehole records. Most of these events could not be identified on the surface network by a routine approach based on visual inspection primarily due to signal attenuation and the presence of noise. In this work, we implemented an automatic detection workflow to analyze the time series of an earthquake sequence that has clear foreshock and aftershock activity associated with an Mw 4.0 earthquake that occurred on 3 June 2017. Further, we applied a nested grid-search algorithm to constrain the absolute earthquake locations. For about one month of data, a total of ∼1500 earthquakes were detected based on the automatic detection process, out of which ∼1000 earthquakes were locatable. All event detections, P-wave and S-wave phase readings were manually inspected and refined to ensure their quality. Previously, only about 435 events were well located based on the visual inspection approach for the same time period. Also, we analyzed repeated earthquakes based on waveform similarity leading to an improvement in the relocations of earthquakes of the aforementioned earthquake sequence. The relocated seismicity aligns parallel to a deep-reaching lineament derived from recent investigations using airborne light detection and ranging measurements.
Analysis on the Influence of Physical Education in Secondary Vocational Schools on Students’ Mental Health
Authors: Chen Yanqi
Published: August 2020

For physical exercise, it can not only enhance students’ physical quality, but also benefit their mental health. Students studying in secondary vocational schools are generally between 15 and 18 years old. Judging from the age of students, their ideas are gradually maturing and their understanding of the whole society is becoming more and more comprehensive. However, students are also very prone to problems at this age, which are not only prone to differences with mainstream ideas, but also prone to psychological problems. Therefore, this paper makes a brief analysis of the influence of sports activities on students’ mental health in secondary vocational schools, and puts forward relevant suggestions, hoping to benefit the teaching in secondary vocational schools.
On the Application of Outward Bound Training in Junior Middle School Physical Education
Authors: Zhao Wenxing
Published: August 2020

With the development of the new curriculum reform, physical education teaching methods in junior middle schools have changed, but the traditional physical education teaching mode still occupies a dominant position, and the teaching mode is single and the content is tedious, which makes it difficult to arouse students’ interest. Outward bound training is a brand-new form of sports, which can greatly enhance students’ participation and train students’ collective consciousness, and is widely used in physical education. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics of outward bound training, tells the necessity of outward bound training in junior high school physical education, and briefly describes the specific application strategies of outward bound training in physical education.
Reflection on Prevention and Control of Telecommunication Network Fraud in Big Data Era
Authors: Wang Xingrui
Published: August 2020

With the rapid development of smart phones and communication technology, the frequency of communication between the public and society through telecommunication equipment is increasing. At the same time, some lawless elements often cheat the public through telecommunication equipment, which brings irreparable economic losses to the society and the masses to a certain extent. In view of the above problems, this article takes the source of telecommunication fraud as the breakthrough point, analyzes the existing telecommunication fraud processing technology and points out its shortcomings, and then proposes a method of telephone fraud analysis based on big data technology. This technology fills the defects of the existing telecommunication interception technology and provides a new idea for effectively avoiding telecommunication fraud in the future.
A New Minimum Delay Model for Multi-Lane Traffic Circles
Authors: TANYEL Serhan , ÇALIŞKANELLİ Süheyla Pelin , ÖZUYSAL Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Minimum delay (or service delay) is one of the most important performance measures for intersection analysis. It can be described as the delay to a vehicle, which is waiting at the stop (or yield) line of an unsignalized intersection. In this study, an appropriate minimum delay equation is derived for multi-lane traffic circles in İzmir, Turkey. For this purpose, observations are made at six approaches of five multi-lane traffic circles. Simple and multiple regression analysis, in which circulating flow and geometric parameters are chosen as independent variables, are used to model minimum delay. Results have shown that geometry of a traffic circle has an important effect on minimum delay and should be considered in analysis but the model may fail to define minimum delay values greater than 22 seconds. Analyses have shown that models which depend on entry capacity are more effective in estimation of minimum delay at multi-lane traffic circles.
Study on Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Women With Recurrent Abortion in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: A. Naqid Ibrahim , A Balatay Amer , Ali Khasho Djwar , R. Hussein Nawfal
Published: August 2020

Recurrent abortion is a worldwide issue. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are found to be among the most important factors related to recurrent spontaneous early pregnancy loss. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anticardiolipin IgM and IgG antibodies in women with recurrent abortion in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The present study was conducted in Duhok and Zakho cities for the period from April 2014 to May 2019. A total of 1230 women aged between 18 to 46-year-old were included in this study. ELISA was used for the detection of anticardiolipin antibodies. Among the studied subjects, the prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies was 74 (6.02%) for ACA IgM and 56 (4.6%) for ACA IgG. It was also observed that 16 (1.3%) subjects were positive for both ACA IgM and IgG antibodies. Additionally, the highest anticardiolipin antibody positivity rates were recorded in patients older than 30-year-old (P<0.01). The IgM ACA positivity was higher in Zakho city 45 (7.2%) when compared to Duhok city 29 (4.6%) (P<0.04). In conclusion, anticardiolipin antibodies can have a positive association among women with recurrent abortion. Therefore, it is suggested that women with recurrent abortion should be screened for anticardiolipin antibodies; this could increase fetal survival by initiating early anticoagulant therapy when other causes of abortion are excluded.
Frequency of Oral Manifestation in Diabetic Patients in Yazd 2016-2017
Authors: Ghadiri-Anar Akram , Kheirollahi Khatereh , Hazar Narjes , Namiranian Nasim , jalili sadrabad Maryam , Akhondi-Meybody Mohsen , Askari Mayani Mina
Published: August 2020

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine diseases with many systemic complications such as oral manifestations. The present study aimed to compare the oral manifestations frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted during 2016-17 on subjects came to Yazd Diabetic Research Center. In this study, 181 type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) and 181 healthy individuals, based on convenient sample method, were included. Two groups were compared for basic information and oral manifestations including candidiasis, oral lichen planus (OLP), periodontitis, xerostomia, delayed oral wound healing, geographic tongue, gingival hyperplasia, fissured tongue, burning mouth and finally at least one of these lesions.
Results: The frequency of candidiasis, OLP, periodontitis, delay oral wound healing, geographic tongue, xerostomia and at least one of lesions in diabetics were significantly higher than control group (P-value< 0.001). After regression analysis and adjusting for confounding factors, candidiasis, periodontitis and xerostomia in diabetics were significantly more prevalent than non-DM patients with odds ratio of 15.16 (1.80-127.57), 9.58 (4.68-19.63) and 78.639 (10.05-615.231) respectively.
Conclusion: Xerostomia, candidiasis and periodontitis were significantly more prevalent in T2DM than Non-T2DM persons. Therefore, increasing awareness on oral manifestations in this group is recommended for timely diagnosis and referring to an oral medicine.
The Effect of Short Term Aerobic Training on Serum Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Adult Obese Females
Authors: Amini Ashraf , Mirakhori Zahra , Eizadi Mojtaba
Published: August 2020

Objective: Obesity is associated with inflammatory process and many different diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of short term aerobic training on serum resistin and insulin resistance in adult obese women.
Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty untrained adult obese females matched for age 35-45 years old with body mass index (BMI) 30-36 kg/m2 were divided randomly into exercise (aerobic intervention; 6 weeks, 3 days/weekly, %55-70HRmax) and control (no training) groups. Pre and post-training of fasting blood samples were collected for measure serum resistin. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. Data were analyzed by the independent samples T-test.
Results: Aerobic training resulted in significant decrease in BMI (32.1 (± 2.76) vs 31.6 (± 2.80) kg/m2, P-value: 0.023), body fat percentage (44.7 (± 4.55) vs 44 (± 4.33), P-value: 0.028) and fasting glucose (94 (± 8.9) vs 79 (± 5.8) mg/dl, P-value: 0.011) in exercise group. No changes were observed on insulin resistance (1.43 (± 1.11) vs 1.18 (± 0.57) HOMA-IR, P-value: 0.124) and serum resistin (2.20 (± 1.07) vs 1.58 (± 0.87) ng/ml P-value: 0.062) by training program. All variables remained unchanged in control subjects.
Conclusion: Despite improving fasting glucose, a short-term aerobic training is not associated with anti-inflammatory property for obese females. Improved glucose could be likely attributed to other changes in metabolic markers in response to exercise training and further studies are necessary to clarify possible mechanisms
The Effect of Aerobic Training on Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha & Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Cardiac Tissue of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Bakhtiari Fariba , Matin Homaee Hasan , Ghazalian Farshad
Published: August 2020

Objective: The goal of this research was to determine the influence of 4 weeks aerobic training on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were partitioned into three groups (n=10), diabetic aerobic training, diabetic control and healthy control (n=10). Induction of type 2diabetes (T2DM) was done by intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin. The progressive aerobic training protocol entailed 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week running on treadmill at velocity of 20 m/min for 60 min. The gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and HIF-1α were measured by real time & PCR. One way analysis of variance and bonferroni test were applied to analysis the data. The significant level was set at P-value< 0.05.
Results: The results indicated that the aerobic training induced significant decrease in TNF-α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and significant increase in HIF-1α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and VEGF mRNA (P-value< 0.001) compared to diabetic control group.
Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training with reduction of TNF-α issues an affirmative effect on angiogenesis, as a result, it improves diabetic cardiac.
Aspects of Study of the 20th Century Naive Art in Russia: Researchers, Collections and Names
Authors: V. Avdeeva Vera
Published: August 2020

This article explores the main stages of the study of naive art in Russia, starting from the first decades of the 20th century and till the 1980s, when naive art was called an “amateur art”. This is the period of IZORAM (Saint Petersburg Art Workshops of Working Youth) activity and the long work of the National University of Extramural Studies. The first amateur art exhibitions took place in the 1970s, later leading to the establishment of specialized collections. In the 1980s, academic research into naive art began to filter through the image of a primitive, or so-called “third”, culture supposed to exist between “high” and “grassroots” art. Only since the 1990s has naive art begun to be perceived as a separate artistic movement. In Russian art criticism, naive art was defined as one of the primitive art areas of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. During this period, separate museum collections began to take shape in Moscow including a private museum of outsider art, where some works by naive artists were presented, and the Municipal Museum of Naive Art. In Ekaterinburg, Gamayun Municipal Center for Folk Art and Crafts began to study naive art in 1994. In the 2000s, interest in the naive art of the 20th century began to grow. At this time, public and private collections of naive art were being formed in the following museums: B.U.Kashkin Museum at the Ural State University; Soviet Naive Art Museum; and Museum of Naive Art, which in 2015 became the part of the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts.
Keywords: primitive art, amateur art, naive art, folk art, outsider art.
The Role of the Documents and Published Sources in Assessment and Attribution: The Case Study of the Malachite History
Authors: Budrina Ludmila
Published: August 2020

The newly developed high-tech methods of attribution and assessment have sometimes been viewed as replacements for more traditional approaches. This article uses three case studies to examine the role of documents and published resources as the important sources of information for the attribution of malachite pieces commissioned to the European artists by Nikolay Demidov. The first case highlights the role of archival documents in the identification of the elements and complete reconstruction of an important table centrepiece. The second example uses the materials published by the media of different countries made accessible by the digitalization process, and the placement of this digital copy in the open databases. With the support from the three articles published in the English, French and Vatican journals, it was possible to identify author, date of creation and the relation to the client for one pair of columns, which are the first example of the architectural use of malachite. The third case shows the role of iconographic sources – original pieces and printed graphics – in the attribution of the pieces from the presumably lost collection of Russian malachite created for the First World’s Exhibition in London in 1851. In conclusion, the author discusses the importance of the traditional methods of assessment and attribution based on the documents and printed sources.
Keywords: malachite, stonecutting art, Demidov family, Thomire, Sibilio, private malachite manufacture of Demidov, The World Exhibition in London (1851)
Towards the Question of Examination and Refined Attribution of Western European Paintings from the Collection of the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Art
Authors: Pichugina Olga
Published: August 2020

The article considers the issues of examination and attribution of artworks. The central focus is on the results of studies of four West European paintings from the collection of Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts. The paper describes the results of technical and technological examination of Still Life with Broken Game and Watermelon, which was attributed in the process of studying the brushwork to Pietro Navarra, a little-known early eighteenth-century Roman artist. As a result of the search for attribution, the painting Eleazar and Rebekah, previously attributed to an unknown Italian master, was revealed to have connections with the work of seventeenth-century Neapolitan artist Andrea Malinkoniko. The painting The Death of Camilla, long considered to be the work of Carlo Chignani, has been re-attributed as The Death of Dido possibly by the mid-seventeenth-century Lombard artist Carlo Francesco Nuvolone. The painting Singing Actors is dated to the end of the seventeenth century and is attributed to the Roman master known by the pseudonym Pseudo Carocelli.
Keywords: evaluation, attribution, Italian painting of the 17th century
‘We are not Exiles, we are Messengers’: George Riabov and his Collection of Russian Theatre Design (USA)
Authors: Rosendfeld Alla
Published: August 2020

This article is devoted to the history of George Riabov’s collection of Russian art. Among art collections outside of Russia, the George Riabov Collection of Russian Art is unique due to its scope. It includes icons from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, graphic arts and sculpture from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, as well as ‘lubki’, posters and illustrated books from the early 1900s to the 1930s, nonconformist art of the former Soviet Union from the 1960s–1970s, and the works of Russian émigré artists. Consisting of important works of Russian art across the centuries, the Riabov Collection also features some major examples of stage and costume designs for theater, ballet, and opera created by the early twentieth-century artists. In 1990, Riabov donated his vast collection to The Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (USA). The article traces the history of the Riabov collection and also places a number of important costume and stage designs in the collection in the context of the development of Russian theatrical design in pre- and post-revolutionary era.
Keywords: Riabov collection, Russian art, theater design, émigré artists, World of Art, Ballets Russes, art collecting
The Artworks of Boris Grigoriev (1886–1939) at Sotheby’s and Christie’s Auctions in the 1980s–2010s
Authors: Galeeva Tamara , Yakimova Larissa
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the introduction of artworks by a Russian émigré artist, Boris Grigoriev, to the Western art market during the 1980s–2010s, using the examples of Russian art sales at Sotheby’s and Christie’s auction houses. The history of Grigoriev’s artwork sales at the major auctions, peaks and slumps of interest in them, together with the stylistic preferences of buyers and other factors, are addressed less as market phenomena and more as a result of art historical research, expert appraisal of the artist’s practice, and, at the same time, as a basis for further investigations contributing not only to economic value, but also to a symbolic component.
Keywords: Boris Grigoriev, Russian art, art market, expert appraisal, auction sales, original painting, forged artworks
Humanistic Education to Foster Altruistic Communities through Arts & Culture
Authors: Cho Harian
Published: August 2020

Twentieth-century education was focused on knowledge transmission, skills and integration into society. This tradition often neglected the teaching of morals and altruism, which derive from collectivism, individualism, and social issues. However, community-building through shared experienced, empathy and responsibility are supremely important values that help to overcome many challenges in today’s world. Socially engaged art has already a good practical track record: it has been playing a significant role in fostering altruistic communities for the last twenty years. Socially engaged art is a practical outdoor activity that has proactive, educational and moral value. It is carried out by activists, community builders and some of teachers in the field. In this article I review several projects in socially engaged art in modern Republic of Korea that focus on creativity, empathy, recycling and social responsibility. These projects highlight the value of socially engaged art and its potential for taking education outdoors and bringing communities together.
Keywords: socially engaged art, social welfare, social practice, community art
Methodological Issues of Cultural Evaluation in the Context of Political Prosumption
Authors: Savelieva Elena , Budenkova Valeriya
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the search for theoretical and methodological foundations of cultural evaluation as a new area of expert activity. There are two new elements in this study. First, while studying online visual images, a number of artistic methods are identified that can be used as criteria in the analysis and evaluation of extremist content materials. Secondly, the analysis is conducted taking into account the characteristics of the digital environment, which ensures the relevance of these criteria to modern social and cultural reality. The article shows that political prosumption creates favourable conditions for the dissemination of conflict-generating and extremist content. It is possible to counteract this destructive tendency by appealing to universally recognized values, such as the victory in the Great Patriotic War in the context of Russian history. This article suggests that civic identity should be used as the foundation of expert analysis, based on a non-alternative recognition of the heroic role of the Soviet people and rejection of Nazism ideology. In the process, the methods of Nazi ideology propaganda are revealed via examples centering on the destruction of the foundations of civic identity.
Keywords: cultural evaluation, digital space, political prosumption, identity, value system, Nazi symbols, propaganda
Digital Post-Fashion: Transformation of Design Paradigm and Metamorphoses of Identity Practices
Authors: V. Koneva Anna
Published: August 2020

In this digital age almost all cultural practices are experiencing changes; neither the fashion industry, nor the fashion itself as a form of social behaviour are exceptions. Fashion brands face the challenge of creating new discourses as fashion consumers are becoming more sophisticated and more individualistic at the same time, with their knowledge and imagination helping them to make conscious choices. This, in turn, affects fashion advertising and communication strategies: advertising campaigns use new discursive and narrative practices. A new emerging and developing design paradigm creates a ”post-fashion.” The phenomenon of post-fashion is associated with a deep focus on the consumers, and not so much on their needs, but on their fantasies and desires. Fashion becomes a social laboratory, helping us to decipher the mechanisms of identity building and more to understand more clearly current and future social changes. Remaining a creative industry, fashion enters the virtual space, setting new coordinates for the social imaginary of body, age and gender: that is, for all those identity parameters that are becoming increasingly vague today. This process exposes a new social imaginary, new imaginative structures and experiences. Post-fashion combines traditional elements (textiles, folk crafts and eco-production, as well as silhouette and form, and much more) with the new digital technologies in the creation and distribution of fashion products.
Keywords: fashion, digital age, digitalization, new technologies, tradition, innovation, social imaginary, social imagination
Characteristics of Design as an Academic and Creative Discipline
Authors: Khaled Nabil Al Momani
Published: August 2020

This article analyses research related to graphic design in the field of education and gives an overview of multiple definitions given in specialized literature regarding graphic design and design research. Design research provides an important blueprint for many other areas of practical research in contemporary society. The methodology of graphic design is transferable – it can be utilized not only in graphic design as such, but also in other areas, including management, business, and marketing. This process has been facilitated by the development of an academic research base, including doctoral programs. Due to the insufficient number of works on graphic design, it is necessary to venture into the other areas, such as industrial design, architecture, and engineering, which have a larger number of studies in the field of education. To prove that graphic design can affect the educational environment, it is necessary to study the nature of design as project research and design process.
Keywords: design, graphic design, education, character design, industrial design, design thinking