bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varifocal MEMS mirrors for high-speed axial focus scanning: a review
Authors: Pribošek Jaka , Bainschab Markus , Sasaki Takashi
Published: October 2023

Recent advances brought the performance of MEMS-based varifocal mirrors to levels comparable to conventional ultra-high-speed focusing devices. Varifocal mirrors are becoming capable of high axial resolution exceeding 300 resolvable planes, can achieve microsecond response times, continuous operation above several hundred kHz, and can be designed to combine focusing with lateral steering in a single-chip device. This survey summarizes the past 50 years of scientific progress in varifocal MEMS mirrors, providing the most comprehensive study in this field to date. We introduce a novel figure of merit for varifocal mirrors on the basis of which we evaluate and compare nearly all reported devices from the literature. At the forefront of this review is the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of various actuation technologies, as well as a systematic study of methods reported to enhance the focusing performance in terms of speed, resolution, and shape fidelity. We believe this analysis will fuel the future technological development of next-generation varifocal mirrors reaching the axial resolution of 1000 resolvable planes.
Camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus apatinib (an VEGFR-2 inhibitor) and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (TRIPLET): a phase II study
Authors: Zhang Tian-Qi , Geng Zhi-Jun , Zuo Meng-Xuan , Li Ji-Bin , Huang Jin-Hua , Huang Zi-Lin , Wu Pei-Hong , Gu Yang-Kui
Published: October 2023

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using a combination of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX) has shown promise for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients classified under Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C. In China, the combined therapy of camrelizumab and apatinib is now an approved first-line approach for inoperable HCC. This study (NCT04191889) evaluated the benefit of combining camrelizumab and apatinib with HAIC-FOLFOX for HCC patients in BCLC stage C. Eligible patients were given a maximum of six cycles of HAIC-FOLFOX, along with camrelizumab and apatinib, until either disease progression or intolerable toxicities emerged. The primary outcome measured was the objective response rate (ORR) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Based on RECIST v1.1 criteria, the confirmed ORR stood at 77.1% (95% CI: 59.9% to 89.6%), with a disease control rate of 97.1% (95% CI: 85.1% to 99.9%). The median progression-free survival was 10.38 months (95% CI: 7.79 to 12.45). Patient quality of life had a transient deterioration within four cycles of treatment, and generally recovered thereafter. The most frequent grade ≥3 or above treatment-related adverse events included reduced lymphocyte count (37.1%) and diminished neutrophil count (34.3%). The combination of camrelizumab, apatinib, and HAIC demonstrated encouraging results and manageable safety concerns for HCC at BCLC stage C.
Comments on recent community water fluoridation studies
Authors: Hearnshaw Simon , Cockcroft Barry , Rugg-Gunn Andrew , Morris A. John , Lowry Raymond J. , Beal John , Johnson Johnny , Jacob Matt
Published: October 2023

Water fluoridation is a public health measure to reduce levels of dental caries in populations. A report of the recently completed CATFISH study has been published. This was the first UK evaluation of fluoridation introduction for many years; it was carefully designed and executed and is welcomed. The purpose of this article is to highlight the 180-page report of the study and comment on some aspects to aid interpretation of the findings. Significant features were that two cohorts, from birth and from five years, were followed for six years in a fluoridated and a non-fluoridated area, and clinical and cost analyses were reported. Areas of the report which deserve comment are: a) interruption of fluoridation for a year for half the children in the intervention area and its effect; b) clinical results were reported as absolute reduction in caries prevalence, with the preventive fraction for caries severity downplayed; c) the power of the study was diminished by an unexpected lower caries increment; and d) control for differences in diet was not possible. Nevertheless, this major UK study showed clinical and cost benefits of water fluoridation. The risk of cessation of water fluoridation is highlighted in examples of three recently published studies.
Targeting the SOX2/CDP protein complex with a peptide suppresses the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yunyun , Zhang Kun , Zhang Rui , Wang Zhuo , Yang Liang , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Shihui , Lin Yong , Zhao Hongzhou , Liu Yongpan , Wei Yuxuan , Zhou Yijian , Zhang Jiaying , Ye Xianzong , Zhao Jing , Li Xinxin , Que Jianwen , Shi Songlin , Liu Kuancan
Published: October 2023

Emerging evidence indicates that SOX2 is an oncogene for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, direct targeting of SOX2 is not feasible given that this transcription factor plays important roles in the maintenance of tissues such as the brain. Here, we identified CDP (Homeobox protein cut-like 1 or CASP) as a unique SOX2 binding partner enriched in ESCC with Duolink proximity ligation assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) and immunoprecipitation. We then screened a peptide aptamer library using BiFc and immunoprecipitation and identified several peptide aptamers, including P58, that blocked the CDP/SOX2 interaction, leading to the inhibition of ESCC progress in vitro and in vivo. Upon administration, synthetic peptide P58, containing the YGRKKRRQRRR cell-penetrating peptide and the fluorophore TAMRA, also blocked the growth and metastasis of ESCC in both mice and zebrafish. Therefore, targeting the SOX2 binding partner CDP with peptide P58 offers an alternative avenue to treat ESCC with increased SOX2 levels.
Visualizing the spatial distribution of inflammation in the depressed brain with a targeted MRI nanoprobe in vivo
Authors: Zhang Peisen , Guan Jiaoqiong , Zhang Ni , Zhu Lichong , Wang Yu , Li Wenyue , Shi Zhe , Liu Xueyuan , Li Xue , Qin Meng , Hou Yi , Lan Yue
Published: October 2023

Depression is a prevalent mental illness that imposes a substantial public health burden. However, the diverse clinical phenotypes observed in patients make it difficult to realize precise diagnosis. Recently, accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested that inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Herein, a molecular imaging–based strategy was proposed as a means to diagnose depression precisely by specifically visualizing the inflammation status associated with depression. Inflammation-targeting MRI nanoprobes were constructed by attaching an intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-targeting peptide to biocompatible Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Systematic studies demonstrated that the nanoprobes could specifically target inflamed vascular endothelial cells and visualize the spatial distribution of inflammation in the depressed brain in vivo through susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), which was further confirmed by histological analysis. Additionally, these inflammatory brain regions identified by nanoprobe-based imaging are consistent with the focal regions closely associated with the symptoms of depression as reported in previous behavioral studies. Overall, this is the first study to directly visualize the distribution of inflammation in the depressed brain in vivo through a molecular imaging strategy, which may not only facilitate insight into the biological mechanism underlying depression but also provide a potential target within the depressed brain for the further development of anti-inflammatory therapies.
Rational design of large anomalous Nernst effect in Dirac semimetals
Authors: Wang Panshuo , Hu Zongxiang , Wu Xiaosong , Liu Qihang
Published: October 2023

Anomalous Nernst effect generates a transverse voltage perpendicular to the temperature gradient. It has several advantages compared with the longitudinal thermoelectricity for energy conversion, such as decoupling of electronic and thermal transports, higher flexibility, and simpler lateral structure. However, a design principle beyond specific materials systems for obtaining a large anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) is still absent. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that a pair of Dirac nodes under a Zeeman field manifests an odd-distributed, double-peak anomalous Hall conductivity curve with respect to the chemical potential and a compensated carrier feature, leading to an enhanced ANC compared with that of a simple Weyl semimetal with two Weyl nodes. Based on first-principles calculations, we then provide two Dirac semimetal candidates, i.e., Na3Bi and NaTeAu, and show that under a Zeeman field, they exhibit a sizable ANC value of 0.4 $${\rm{A}}{{\rm{m}}}^{-1}{{\rm{K}}}^{-1}$$

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and 1.3 $${\rm{A}}{{\rm{m}}}^{-1}{{\rm{K}}}^{-1}$$

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, respectively, near the Fermi level. Such an approach is also applicable to ferromagnetic materials with intrinsic Zeeman splitting, as exemplified by a hypothetical alloy NaFeTe2Au2, exhibiting an ANC as high as 3.7 $${\rm{A}}{{\rm{m}}}^{-1}{{\rm{K}}}^{-1}$$

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at the Fermi level. Our work provides a design principle with a prototype band structure for enhanced ANC pinning at the Fermi level, shedding light on the inverse design of other specific functional materials based on electronic structure.
Corrosion performance of wire arc additively manufactured NAB alloy
Authors: Shahriari Ayda , Chalasani Dharmendra , Amirkhiz Babak Shalchi , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: October 2023

Nickel–aluminum bronzes (NAB) are vital alloys, known for biofouling resistance, crucial for marine and shipbuilding industries. This study examined corrosion performance of NAB samples fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Microstructural analysis revealed the WAAM-NAB parts primarily consisted of the α-phase (copper) and three types of κ-phases: κII (spherical Fe3Al), κIII (Ni–Al in lamellar shape) within the interdendritic areas, and iron-rich κIV particles dispersed throughout the matrix. In contrast, casting-produced NAB showed the formation of a rosette-like κI phase as well. Corrosion behavior comparisons between the two NAB fabrication methods were also assessed. The microstructural characterizations revealed a rise in the size of the κIV particles after heat-treated at 350 °C for 2 h (HT1). Heat treatment at 550 °C for 4 h (HT2) resulted in a needle-like κV, coarsening of κII, partial spheroidization of κIII, and reduced κIV precipitation. When heat-treated to 675 °C for 6 h (HT3), κII and κV were coarsened, κIII was completely spheroidized, and κIV precipitation was significantly reduced. These microstructural features in HT2 and HT3 conditions steeply decreased their corrosion resistance compared to the WAAM as-built part. The as-built WAAM sample showed superior corrosion resistance in chloride solution, attributed to fewer κ-intermetallic phases and a finer microstructure. The κ-phases, irrespective of morphology, act as the cathodic areas versus the α-dendritic matrix, fostering microgalvanic cell formation. Consequently, precipitation of all cathodic κ-phases draws a higher galvanic current of the anodic α-phase, meaning a lower corrosion resistance.
Non-targeted metabolomics aids in sex pheromone identification: a proof-of-concept study with the triangulate cobweb spider, Steatoda triangulosa
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Roman-Torres Andrea C. , Vurdela Jane , Lee Yerin , Bahar Nastaran , Gries Regine , Alamsetti Santosh , Chen Hongwen , Gries Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Targeted metabolomics has been widely used in pheromone research but may miss pheromone components in study organisms that produce pheromones in trace amount and/or lack bio-detectors (e.g., antennae) to readily locate them in complex samples. Here, we used non-targeted metabolomics—together with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS), gas chromatography-MS, and behavioral bioassays—to unravel the sex pheromone of the triangulate cobweb spider, Steatoda triangulosa. A ternary blend of three contact pheromone components [N-4-methylvaleroyl-O-isobutyroyl-l-serine (5), N-3-methylbutyryl-O-isobutyroyl-l-serine (11), and N-3-methylbutyryl-O-butyroyl-l-serine (12)] elicited courtship by S. triangulosa males as effectively as female web extract. Hydrolysis of 5, 11 and 12 at the ester bond gave rise to two mate-attractant pheromone components [butyric acid (7) and isobutyric acid (8)] which attracted S. triangulosa males as effectively as female webs. Pheromone components 11 and 12 are reported in spiders for the first time, and were discovered only through the use of non-targeted metabolomics and GC–MS. All compounds resemble pheromone components previously identified in widow spiders. Our study provides impetus to apply non-targeted metabolomics for pheromone research in a wide range of animal taxa.
Carbon price prediction based on decomposition technique and extreme gradient boosting optimized by the grey wolf optimizer algorithm
Authors: Feng Mengdan , Duan Yonghui , Wang Xiang , Zhang Jingyi , Ma Lanlan
Published: October 2023

It is essential to predict carbon prices precisely in order to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate global warming. As a solution to the limitations of a single machine learning model that has insufficient forecasting capability in the carbon price prediction problem, a carbon price prediction model (GWO–XGBOOST–CEEMDAN) based on the combination of grey wolf optimizer (GWO), extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST), and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is put forward in this paper. First, a random forest (RF) method is employed to screen the primary carbon price indicators and determine the main influencing factors. Second, the GWO–XGBOOST model is established, and the GWO algorithm is utilized to optimize the XGBOOST model parameters. Finally, the residual series of the GWO–XGBOOST model are decomposed and corrected using the CEEMDAN method to produce the GWO–XGBOOST–CEEMDAN model. Three carbon emission trading markets, Guangdong, Hubei, and Fujian, were experimentally predicted to verify the model’s validity. Based on the experimental results, it has been demonstrated that the proposed hybrid model has enhanced prediction precision compared to the comparison model, providing an effective experimental method for the prediction of future carbon prices.
Diagnosis of sarcopenia on thoracic computed tomography and its association with postoperative survival after anatomic lung cancer resection
Authors: Kaltenhauser Simone , Niessen Christoph , Zeman Florian , Stroszczynski Christian , Zorger Niels , Grosse Jirka , Großer Christian , Hofmann Hans-Stefan , Robold Tobias
Published: October 2023

Computer tomography-derived skeletal muscle index normalized for height in conjunction with muscle density enables single modality-based sarcopenia assessment that accounts for all diagnostic criteria and cutoff recommendations as per the widely accepted European consensus. Yet, the standard approach to quantify skeletal musculature at the third lumbar vertebra is limited for certain patient groups, such as lung cancer patients who receive chest CT for tumor staging that does not encompass this lumbar level. As an alternative, this retrospective study assessed sarcopenia in lung cancer patients treated with curative intent at the tenth thoracic vertebral level using appropriate cutoffs. We showed that skeletal muscle index and radiation attenuation at level T10 correlate well with those at level L3 (Pearson’s R = 0.82 and 0.66, p < 0.001). During a median follow-up period of 55.7 months, sarcopenia was independently associated with worse overall (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11, 95%-confidence interval (95%-CI) = 1.38–3.23, p < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 2.00, 95%-CI = 1.19–3.36, p = 0.009) of lung cancer patients following anatomic resection. This study highlights feasibility to diagnose sarcopenia solely by thoracic CT in accordance with the European consensus recommendations. The straightforward methodology offers easy translation into routine clinical care and potential to improve preoperative risk stratification of lung cancer patients scheduled for surgery.
Aroma-based discrimination of Egyptian versus Indian guava fruits and in response to probiotics as analyzed via SPME/GC–MS and chemometric tools
Authors: Kamal Islam M. , Zayed Ahmed , Eissa Tarek F. , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: October 2023

Guava tree (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) is an economic grown worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Guavas encompass numerous cultivars (cvs.) that were discriminated in previous studies based on leaf morphological features and profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, fruit VOCs have also shown outstanding potential for discrimination of other plant taxa, which has not been utilized in guava. Hence, the current study investigates the various guava cvs. harvested from India and Egypt. A total of 5 samples were analyzed by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results led to the detection of 42 VOCs belonging to aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Butylated hydroxytoluene and β-caryophyllene were predominant reaching 77% and 41% in Egyptian and Indian guava, respectively. The impact of probiotic fermentation, i.e., Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum on aroma profile was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Multivariate data analyses were further applied for samples classification and markers determination, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). PCA score plot showed clear segregation of Egyptian from Indian specimens, whereas OPLS-DA revealed that β-caryophyllene was associated with white fruit versus 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and muurolol in red fruit type in the case of Indian guava. The richness of Egyptian guava in butylated hydroxytoluene in addition to the presence of vitamin C may potentiate its antioxidant activity, to be followed in subsequent studies regarding its health effects.
Association between Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels and cerebral palsy: a pooled-analysis
Authors: Zhu Haiquan , Mao Song , Li Wei
Published: October 2023

It was well documented that macro/trace elements were associated with the neurodevelopment. We aimed to investigate the relationship between copper (Cu)/zinc (Zn)/iron/calcium (Ca)/magnesium (Mg) levels and cerebral palsy (CP) by performing a meta-analysis. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Chinese WanFang databases from January 1985 to June 2022 to yield studies that met our predefined criteria. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels between CP cases and healthy controls were calculated using the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model, in the presence of heterogeneity. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also computed. Sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting each study in turn. A total of 19 studies were involved in our investigation. CP cases showed markedly lower Cu, Zn, iron and Ca levels than those in controls among overall populations (SMD =  − 2.156, 95% CI − 3.013 to − 1.299, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 2.223, 95% CI − 2.966 to − 1.480, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 1.092, 95% CI − 1.513 to − 0.672, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 0.757, 95% CI − 1.475 to − 0.040, P = 0.038) and Asians (SMD =  − 2.893, 95% CI − 3.977 to − 1.809, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 2.559, 95% CI − 3.436 to − 1.683, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 1.336, 95% CI − 1.807 to − 0.865, P < 10−4; SMD =  − 1.000, 95% CI − 1.950 to − 0.051, P = 0.039). CP cases showed markedly lower Zn level than that in controls among Caucasians (SMD =  − 0.462, 95% CI − 0.650 to − 0.274, P < 10−4). No significant differences of Cu, iron and Ca levels between CP cases and controls among Caucasians (SMD =  − 0.188, 95% CI − 0.412 to 0.037, P = 0.101; SMD =  − 0.004, 95% CI − 0.190 to 0.182, P = 0.968; SMD = 0.070, 95% CI − 0.116 to 0.257, P = 0.459) were observed. No marked difference of Mg level between CP cases and controls was noted among overall populations (SMD =  − 0.139, 95% CI − 0.504 to 0.226, P = 0.455), Asians (SMD =  − 0.131, 95% CI − 0.663 to 0.401, P = 0.629), and Caucasians (SMD =  − 0.074, 95% CI − 0.361 to 0.213, P = 0.614). Sensitivity analysis did not change the overall results significantly for Cu, Zn, iron and Mg. CP cases demonstrated significantly lower levels of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca than those in healthy controls, particularly in Asians. Decreasing trend of Cu/Zn/iron/Ca levels merit attention, particularly in the population with high susceptibility to CP. Frequent monitoring and early intervention may be needed.
Investigating microRNAs as biomarkers in disorders of consciousness: a longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: Musso Nicolò , Bivona Dalida , Bonomo Carmelo , Bonacci Paolo , D’Ippolito Maria Enza , Boccagni Cristina , Rubino Francesca , De Tanti Antonio , Lucca Lucia Francesca , Pingue Valeria , Colombo Valentina , Estraneo Anna , Stefani Stefania , Andriolo Maria , Bagnato Sergio
Published: October 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in gene regulation and may affect secondary brain injury and recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). This study investigated the role of five miRNAs (150-5p, 132-3p, 23b-3p, 451a, and 16-5p) in prolonged DoC. miRNA levels were assessed in serum samples from 30 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state due to traumatic or hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (TBI, HIBI) at baseline (1–3 months) and 6 months post-injury. Patients’ diagnoses were determined using the Coma Recovery Scale revised, and functional outcomes were evaluated 6 months after injury with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Compared to healthy controls, patients with TBI had lower levels of miRNAs 150-5p, 132-3p, and 23b-3p at baseline, while patients with HIBI had lower levels of miRNA 150-5p at baseline and 6 months post-injury and a reduction of miRNA 451a at baseline. Higher levels of miRNAs 132-3p and 23b-3p were associated with better outcomes in TBI patients as indicated by GOSE and FIM scores. This study highlights distinct miRNA dysregulated patterns in patients with prolonged DoC, dependent on etiology and post-injury time, and suggests that miRNAs 132-3p and 23b-3p may serve as prognostic biomarkers.
Development of microcatheter tube extrusion angle estimation system using convolutional neural network segmentation
Authors: Jeong Seung Hyun , Lee Sang Heon , Won Hong-In
Published: October 2023

This study presents a deep learning-based monitoring system for estimating extrusion angles in the manufacturing process of microcatheter tubes. Given the critical nature of these tubes, which are directly inserted into the human body, strict quality control is imperative. To mitigate potential quality variations stemming from operator actions, a system utilizing a convolutional neural network to precisely measure the extrusion angle—a parameter with profound implications for tube quality—is developed. Until now, there has been no method to estimate the extrusion angle of resin being extruded in real-time. In this study, for the first time, a method using deep learning to estimate the angle was proposed. This innovative system comprises two RGB cameras capturing both front and side perspectives. The acquired images undergo segmentation via a meticulously trained convolutional neural network. Subsequently, the extrusion angle is accurately estimated through the application of principal component analysis on the segmented image. The usefulness of the proposed system was rigorously confirmed through comprehensive validation measures, including mean intersection over union (mIoU), mean absolute angle error (MAE), and inference time, using a real-world dataset. The attained metrics, with an mIoU of 0.8848, MAE of 0.5968, and an inference time of 0.0546, unequivocally affirm the system’s suitability for enhancing the catheter tube extrusion process.
Molecular mechanisms of NMDA excitotoxicity in the retina
Authors: Dvoriantchikova Galina , Fleishaker Michelle , Ivanov Dmitry
Published: October 2023

NMDA excitotoxicity, as a part of glutamate excitotoxicity, has been proposed to contribute significantly to many retinal diseases. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of NMDA excitotoxicity will provide further insight into the mechanisms of many retinal diseases. To study mechanisms of NMDA excitotoxicity in vivo, we used an animal model in which NMDA (20 mM, 2 µL) was injected into the vitreous of mice. We also used high-throughput expression profiling, various animals with reduced expression of target genes, and animals treated with the oral iron chelator deferiprone. We found that the expression of many genes involved in inflammation, programmed cell death, free radical production, oxidative stress, and iron and calcium signaling was significantly increased 24 h after NMDA treatment. Meanwhile, decreased activity of the pro-inflammatory TNF signaling cascade and decreased levels of ferrous iron (Fe2+, required for free radical production) led to significant neuroprotection in NMDA-treated retinas. Since increased TNF signaling activity and high Fe2+ levels trigger regulated necrosis, which, in turn, lead to inflammation, we proposed an important role in NMDA excitotoxicity of a positive feedback loop in which regulated necrosis promotes inflammation, which subsequently triggers regulated necrosis.
Aerosol high water contents favor sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formation from fossil fuel combustion emissions
Authors: Huang Xiaojuan , Liu Zhe , Ge Yanzhen , Li Qing , Wang Xiaofei , Fu Hongbo , Zhu Jian , Zhou Bin , Wang Lin , George Christian , Wang Yan , Wang Xinfeng , Su Jixin , Xue Likun , Yu Shaocai , Mellouki Abdewahid , Chen Jianmin
Published: October 2023

Fine-particle pollution associated with high sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contents still occurs in winter, despite considerable reductions in precursor emissions in China. The chemical mechanisms involved are consistently acknowledged to be linked with aerosol water but remain poorly understood. Here, we present findings demonstrating that the synergistic effect of elevated aerosol water content and particles originating from fossil fuel combustion significantly enhanced the rapid formation of sulfate and SOAs under high humidity conditions during winter in northern China. The presence of high aerosol water content promoted the aging process of particles containing elemental carbon (EC) and facilitated the formation of SOAs. Evidence from single particles reveals an increased potential for SOA formation from primary organic aerosols (POAs) originating from fossil fuel combustion, in the presence of increasing aerosol water. Under conditions of relative humidity exceeding 85%, the multiphase oxidation of SO2 by in-particle nitrite/nitrous acid, generated through reactions involving aged EC-containing and iron-rich particles, as well as aqueous-phase formation of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), led to a substantial increase in sulfate production. This study emphasizes the critical role of aerosol water in the aerosol chemistry concerning sulfate and SOAs, highlighting the urgent necessity to mitigate primary emissions from fossil fuel combustion.
Computational and data-driven modelling of solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Shi Haoyuan , Li Tianjiao , Zhao Liming , Zhai Hanfeng , Korani Deepa , Yeo Jingjie
Published: October 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer a safer battery electrolyte alternative but face design challenges. This review highlights applications of machine learning alongside theory-based models to improve SPE design.
Aza-BODIPY-based polymeric nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy in a chicken egg tumor model
Authors: Chansaenpak Kantapat , Yong Gong Yi , Prajit Anawin , Hiranmartsuwan Peraya , Selvapaandian Shaamini , Ouengwanarat Bongkot , Khrootkaew Tunyawat , Pinyou Piyanut , Kue Chin Siang , Kamkaew Anyanee
Published: October 2023

Novel aza-BODIPY-based polymeric nanoparticles have been shown in a chicken egg tumor model to be promising photothermal agents for breast cancer treatment.
Depressed P3–O3′ phase transition in an O3-type layered cathode for advanced sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liang Zhaohui , Ren Meng , Guo Yihe , Zhang Tong , Gao Xiuling , Ma Hua , Li Fujun
Published: October 2023

The introduction of Cu2+ and Sn4+ ensures the remarkable structure stability of O3-Na0.993Ni0.382Mn0.428Cu0.098Sn0.049O2 to depress the Na+/vacancy rearrangement and P3 → O3′ phase transition, and hence good electrochemical performance.
Correction: Luminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of size-selected aqueous copper-doped Ag–In–S quantum dots
Authors: Raevskaya Alexandra , Rozovik Oksana , Novikova Anastasiya , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Stroyuk Oleksandr , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Goryacheva Irina , Gaponik Nikolai , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Luminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of size-selected aqueous copper-doped Ag–In–S quantum dots’ by Alexandra Raevskaya et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 7550–7557, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA00257F.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag nanoparticle–TiO2−X nanotube arrays obtained by a predischarge–deposition method and calcination in H2/N2
Authors: Liu Qihang , Chen Junjun , Zhang Lang , Ruzimuradov Olim , Liu Yichun , Li Fengxian , Li Caiju , Wang Mingjun , Fang Dong , Yi Jianhong
Published: October 2023

A series of Ag/TiO2 nanotube array Schottky structures with oxygen defects are synthesized by a simple and environmentally friendly predischarge–electrodeposition method.
Optimized synthesis of functional organosilicon monomers and polymers exploiting new types of CuAAC recoverable heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Bezlepkina Kseniya A. , Belikova Irina I. , Aristova Vasilissa A. , Klokova Kseniia S. , Ardabevskaia Sofia N. , Pereyaslavtsev Alexander Yu , Migulin Dmitry A. , Milenin Sergey A.
Published: October 2023

Organosilicon molecules of both individual and polymer structures are an integral part of modern high-tech industrial production and high technologies.
Transition from scattering to orbiting upon increasing the fuel concentration for an active Janus colloid moving at an obstacle–decorated interface
Authors: van Baalen Carolina , Uspal William E. , Popescu Mihail N. , Isa Lucio
Published: October 2023

We show that exposure of catalytic Janus swimmers to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide changes their interactions with obstacles, while leaving their speed unaffected.
Analysis of laser scanning and photogrammetric scanning accuracy on the numerical determination of Head-Related Transfer Functions of a dummy head
Authors: Di Giusto Fabio , van Ophem Sjoerd , Desmet Wim , Deckers Elke
Published: October 2023

Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) are necessary for the accurate rendering of virtual scenes. However, their acquisition is challenging given the complex pinna shape. Numerical methods can be leveraged to compute HRTFs on meshes originating from precise scans of a subject. Although photogrammetry can be used for the scanning, its inaccuracy might affect the spatial cues of simulated HRTFs. This paper aims to assess the significance of the photogrammetric error affecting a Neumann KU100 dummy head scan. The geometrical differences between the photogrammetric scan and a laser scan are mainly located at the pinna cavities. The computed photogrammetric HRTFs, compared to measured and simulated data using objective and perceptually inspired metrics, show deviation in high frequency spectral features, stemming from the photogrammetric scanning error. This spectral deviation hinders the modelled elevation perception with photogrammetric HRTFs to levels comparable to renderings with nonindividual data. Extracting the photogrammetric geometry at individual ear cavities and merging it to the laser mesh, an assessment of the influence of the inaccuracy at different pinna structures is conducted. Correlation analysis between acoustic and geometrical metrics computed on the results is used to identify the most relevant geometrical metrics in relation to the HRTFs.
Optimization of Power Supply Structure Considering Carbon Emissions and Flexibility
Authors: Sun Hui , Wu Weijie , Li Yixin , Yu Gang , Zheng Xiaoxia
Published: October 2023

Against the backdrop of China’s promotion of green and low-carbon energy transformation, the large-scale and high-proportion development of new energy has made flexible regulation of power supply planning a key link in the flexible construction of the power system. Considering the balance of flexible supply and demand and minimizing carbon emissions, a mid to long-term collaborative planning model for electricity and flexibility is proposed. According to the planning principles of economic efficiency, clean environmental protection, and safety and reliability, a dynamic planning model was constructed to minimize the total cost of electricity production and carbon emissions in the entire society. Taking into account constraints such as carbon peaking goals and electricity balance, taking a certain region in China as an example, a flexible power supply structure optimization planning is carried out to solve carbon emission levels and system costs, output carbon peaking time, and optimal path plan.
Building materials production process carbon emission analysis and optimization of Low-Carbon manufacturing
Authors: Shao Liangshan , Xu Wenfeng
Published: October 2023

In order to study the carbon emission characteristics of building materials production process, the material, energy consumption and carbon emission characteristics of building materials production process were analyzed, the carbon emission boundary conditions of building materials production process were proposed, and the carbon emission calculation model of building materials production process was established. Based on the data provided by a manufacturing company, we calculated and analyzed the carbon emissions of the building materials production process, identified the waste in this production line, and proposed an analysis method based on lean thinking to propose corresponding improvement measures from the production management level to address the waste problems. Reduce non-value-added carbon emissions caused by waste, thus improving the lean level of gear production lines and transforming to low carbon manufacturing.
A Survey Study on Challenges and Factors Affecting in Adopting Sustainable Construction Methods in Indian Construction Industry
Authors: Macherla Uma Ravi Teja
Published: October 2023

Due to India’s growing urbanization, the building industry is experiencing severe environmental challenges. Demand for residential housing is rising, which causes people to use more energy, resources, and raw materials leading to the rise of the carbon footprint. The environment is significantly impacted by the construction sector. It uses up natural resources and energy reserves, and it contributes significantly to the world’s CO2 emissions. The production of waste, the use of energy and water inefficiently, as well as several other environmental harms, have all been linked to the building sector. The step towards sustainability is getting a good cause due to the extinction of resources and increase of pollution in the environment. As per the sources, the majority of the carbon footprint is produced from cement and cement-related products (Construction Industry). Green Building practices are showing a good impact in the reduction of carbon footprint in the environment from the construction industry. This study aims to explore the importance of sustainable construction by conducting two surveys, a primary survey and a secondary survey. The primary survey focused on identifying the challenges in adopting sustainable construction practices, while the secondary survey aimed to identify the factors that influence the adoption of sustainable construction practices. The research employed the Relative Importance Index (RII) to identify the major challenges faced in adopting sustainable construction practices. With the help of RII factor, I was easily figured out the main challenges are Limited Awareness and Expensive Products.
The Hoffmann-Tinel Sign: Historical Background and Clinical Significance
Authors: Siqueira Mario Gilberto , Martins Roberto Sergio
Published: October 2023

The Hoffmann-Tinel sign is well-known to professionals dealing with nerve lesions and is widely used as a provocative test. It was described by Paul Hoffman and Jules Tinel in the same year (1915), independently. In the present article, a biographical sketch of both authors is presented and the method for eliciting the sign and the sometimes controversial information of its results are discussed.
The Importance of Orthostatic Radiography in the Management of Thoracolumbar Fractures: Case Report
Authors: Fortunato Pedro Neves , Fernandes Yvens Barbosa , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes
Published: October 2023

Patients who are victims of traumatic injuries in the spine are evaluated by radiological protocols, as recommended by Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), including a computed tomography (CT) scan with the patient in the decubitus position. Spine fractures considered stable with initial nonoperative management should be further evaluated with a standard simple plain radiograph in orthostasis and/or a magnetic resonance image (MRI), to exclude any associated ligament injury and avoid neurological damage caused by occult instabilities. We present an illustrative case with an injury diagnosed through orthostasis X-ray to discuss its importance in the management of thoracolumbar fractures.
Programmable all-DNA hydrogels based on rolling circle and multiprimed chain amplification products
Authors: Hanif Wildan , Yadav Indresh , Hasan Erol , Alsulaiman Dana
Published: October 2023

Soft, biocompatible, and tunable materials offer biomedical engineers and material scientists programmable matrices for a variety of biomedical applications. In this regard, DNA hydrogels have emerged as highly promising biomaterials that offer programmable self-assembly, superior biocompatibility, and the presence of specific molecular identifiable structures. Many types of DNA hydrogels have been developed, yet the programmability of the DNA building blocks has not been fully exploited, and further efforts must be directed toward understanding how to finely tune their properties in a predictable manner. Herein, we develop physically crosslinked all-DNA hydrogels with tunable morphology and controllable biodegradation, based on rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification products. Through molecular engineering of the DNA sequences and their nano-/microscale architectures, the precursors self-assemble in a controlled manner to produce soft hydrogels in an efficient, cost-effective, and highly tunable manner. Notably, we develop a novel DNA microladder architecture that serves as a framework for modulating the hydrogel properties, including over an order of magnitude change in pore size and up to 50% change in biodegradation rate. Overall, we demonstrate how the properties of this DNA-based biomaterial can be tuned by modulating the amounts of rigid double-stranded DNA chains compared to flexible single-stranded DNA chains, as well as through the precursor architecture. Ultimately, this work opens new avenues for the development of programmable and biodegradable soft materials in which DNA functions not only as a store of genetic information but also as a versatile polymeric biomaterial and molecularly engineered macroscale scaffold.
Engineering perovskite solar cells for efficient wireless power transfer
Authors: Timofeev Matthew I. , Guarnieri Francesco V. , Huddy Julia E. , Scheideler William J.
Published: October 2023

Metal halide perovskites are a promising photovoltaic technology for energy harvesting due to their potential for low cost via high-speed manufacturing and their flexible light form factors offering high power per weight. This study presents an investigation of the energy harvesting performance of perovskite solar cells under monochromatic illumination via finite element simulations and experimental validation with high-efficiency double cation perovskite solar cells. Device performance across a broad range of illumination intensity is analyzed, providing insights into the mechanisms limiting energy harvesting in medium- and long-range wireless power transfer. The simulations also provide a guideline for compositional engineering of wide bandgap perovskites to improve the spectral match to efficient monochromatic sources. Based on these results, we show how perovskite solar cells can become a platform for efficient (>33%) medium-range wireless power transfer at the 5–50 m scale for power levels of 1 mW to 1 W.
On indicating and dealing with uncertainty in healthcare dialogues
Authors: Gärtner Julia , Bührig Kristin , Harendza Sigrid
Published: October 2023

In the context of diagnostic uncertainty moments of irritation can arise, which linguistically disguise uncertainty of the physicians or result in uncertainty on the patient’s side. We investigated the occurrence of uncertainty in history-taking encounters by reconstructing the dealing with uncertainty within the interaction process. The analysis is based on data from a simulation where medical students in the physician’s role interact with simulated patients. In the case study, our hermeneutical in-depth-analysis of one interaction process between a medical student and a patient reveals a certain communication pattern by the medical student resulting from an emerging dilemma which consists of a diagnostically unreasonable procedure but an offer of ‘at least something’ to the desperate patient.
Porcine circoviruses in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Chew Yee , Thanawongnuwech Roongroje , Ooi Peck Toung
Published: October 2023

Over one decade since the first report, Malaysian porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) molecular detection rates remain high at 83.78 and 83.54% for farm and sampled domestic pig population levels respectively. Clinically healthy finishers also showed a high detection rate of 94.74%. Most notably, a major genotype shift from genotype PCV2b to PCV2d was observed. PCV2 antigen was also detected in the Malaysian wild boar population, sharing significant nucleotide identity similarities with PCV2 strains of domestic pigs. Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), which was discovered not too long ago in 2017, has been confirmed to be present among the Malaysian commercial pig population at a molecular prevalence of 41.67% at the farm level and 17.02% at the sampled domestic pig population level respectively. Most recently, PCV4 had been detected in Malaysia, albeit at a much lower molecular prevalence of 4.08%. Both PCV4-positive samples originated from clinically healthy finishers. Phylogenetic analyses suggested the possibility of PCV3 and PCV4 being introduced by international trade activities. For practical and economic reasons, in the local Malaysian pig industry, field diagnostics of PCV2 cases generally rely on clinical and post-mortem findings, together with herd antibody titer and qPCR viremia titer. Currently, commercial PCV3 diagnostics service and vaccines are not available locally. With updated local PCV2 epidemiology, control and management efforts could be adapted into more effective strategies. A common management strategy for PCV2 challenge in farms could be applied for the time being to control potential PCV3 problems in the farms. As for PCV4, a larger number of field samples from cases of different clinical manifestations needs to be included to obtain a more accurate epidemiological picture.
DFT insights into the effects of substitutionally doped Sb defects in CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cell absorber
Authors: Mazalan Elham , Abd Aziz Muhammad Safwan , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah
Published: October 2023

Metal chalcogenide-based semiconductors are gaining attention for optoelectronic applications like thin-film photovoltaics (PV). Sb dopant incorporation in CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISSe) solar cell has been proven to significantly enhance PV performance, as demonstrated in our previous experimental work. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this improvement remained unclear. In this study, we report on the influence of substitutionally doped Sb defect on the structural, formation energy, band structure, and optical absorption properties in CISSe, employing the hybrid HSE06 functional within the density functional theory framework. We find that the Sb prefers to substitute at In site, resulting in the most stable Sb-doped CISSe structure. Under cation-poor growth conditions, Sb prefers to substitute on In sites, while under anion-poor growth conditions, it shows a preference for substituting on Se sites. Interestingly, only SbIn defects do not form impurity states in the band gap. Additionally, SbIn, SbS, and SbSe show a reduction in the band gap. Our results reveal that Sb-doped CISSe exhibits enhanced optical absorption in the IR to visible regions, leading to increased photocurrent generation and improved photovoltaic device efficiency, consistent with our experimental findings. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights into the influence of Sb-doping in CISSe, aiding the design of effective metal chalcogenide PV.
Preparation and properties of MAO self-healing anticorrosion film on 5B70 Al alloy
Authors: Wu Mingjin , Jiang Feng
Published: October 2023

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was a new surface treatment technology for Al alloys. However, the MAO ceramic film could not provide long-term protective performance owing to its inherent porous structure. In this work, a new type of CeO2-sealed GO/Al2O3 composite film on 5B70 Al alloy with excellent corrosion resistance was prepared by integrating MAO and the hole sealing technique. The experimental results indicated that the loose and porous MAO ceramic film could serve as a ‘shield’ and a ‘reservoir’, respectively, to obtain improved impedance and sufficient corrosion inhibitor loading. Compared to the original MAO ceramic film or GO/Al2O3 composite film, The GO/Al2O3 composite film after sealing treatment for 60 min had lower porosity and better corrosion resistance. In addition, CeO2-sealed GO/Al2O3 composite film exhibited a positive self-healing effect in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.
Quantum tunneling of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 particles in the black holes of asymptotically safe gravity
Authors: Rahim Rehana , Rahim Kulsoom
Published: October 2023

Hawking initiated study of radiations from black holes. The black hole thermodynamics holds a significant importance in understanding of quantum nature of gravity. In this article, Hawking radiations have been studied by employing the semi-classical perspective of quantum tunneling. Dirac and Rarita-Schwinger equations have been employed to determine the tunneling probabilities of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 particles, respectively, in the background of black holes developed in the asymptotically safe gravity. Hawking temperature determined in both cases is in agreement.