bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valores hemáticos en pacientes sometidos a liposucción con anestesia general más solución de Klein sin lidocaína
Authors: Morales López Luis , Morales Castellanos Gonzalo
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La liposucción es una cirugía que tiene alta demanda en actualidad ya que ofrece seguridad por la utilización de técnicas que disminuyen el riesgo para el paciente. Tres aspectos han sido mejorados desde su implementación: la calidad de sus incisiones, la utilización de cánulas más sofisticadas conectadas a una bomba al vacío y la introducción de la técnica tumescente. Sin embargo, aún suceden complicaciones, y una de ellas, es la pérdida sanguínea.

Objetivo: Describir los valores de la hemoglobina y el hematocrito en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de liposucción mediante anestesia general mas infiltración de la solución de Klein sin lidocaína.

Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, retrospectivo en 59 pacientes de 15 a 55 años, sometidos a cirugía de liposucción. El procedimiento quirúrgico se realizó bajo anestesia general e intubación; se infiltró con solución de Klein sin utilizar xilocaina, con la técnica superhúmeda. Fueron utilizadas cánulas metálicas de hasta 6 mm conectadas a una bomba al vacío, aspirando grasa de abdomen, flancos y parte correspondiente de la espalda; se aplicó radiofrecuencia de baja potencia e hidratación y se administraron tres dosis de cefazolina 1g intravenoso.

Resultados: El volumen promedio de grasa aspirado fue de 2667 ml, el promedio de descenso de la hemoglobina fue de 4,28 g/dl (IC 95% 3,9 – 4,5), el promedio de descenso del hematocrito fue de 10,3% (IC 95% 9,2 – 12,1).

Conclusiones: En esta investigación la disminución de los valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito no fueron significativos ni ocurrió complicaciones, se obtuvo un alto grado de satisfacción de los pacientes. Este procedimiento quirúrgico es seguro si se observan las recomendaciones y protocolos establecidos por la Sociedad Americana de Cirujanos Plásticos.
Anti-Racist Pedagogy in the Canonization of Toni Morrison
Authors: Pun Min
Published: June 2019

The paper aims to examine the anti-racist approach in pedagogy in relation to the issues of representations of African Americans in American schools, curricula, and literary canon. It has considered anti-racist pedagogy as a correct approach to creating a truly democratic society in a racist society like the United States of America. In order to address these issues, Toni Morrison has been considered the most successful African American writer who has attained canonical status within the mainstream of both African American and American literature. The paper has, thus, raised some of the vital issues related to the representations of African Americans in American schools, curricula, and the literary canons.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5(2) 2017: 15-24
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Chitrakar Akash , Subedi Nirajan , Bhandari Ramesh Singh
Published: June 2019

Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome results from extrinsic compression of the celiac axis and or celiac ganglion by the MAL and diaphragmatic crura. A seventy five years lady presented with post prandial epigastric pain for 6 months. She had undergone considerable investigations for other diagnoses before an abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed median arcuate ligament impinging celiac artery at its origin. She successfully underwent laparotomy and release of median arcuate ligament.
Hubungan Pencahayaan dengan Kelelahan Mata pada Pekerja Taylor
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Winiarti Winti , Panzilion Panzilion
Published: June 2019

This study aims to determine the relationship between lighting and eye fatigue of workers Indah Taylor and Duta Taylor in Bengkulu City in 2017. The type of research used is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that of the 30 respondents, as many as 8 respondents (26.7%) had lighting that met the standards, as many as 22 people (73.3%) had lighting that did not meet the standards. Of the 30 respondents, 20 respondents (66.7%) %) who were declared tired, 10 (33.3%) respondents were not tired. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the value of p = 0.000. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between lighting and eye fatigue for Indah Taylor and Duta Taylor in Bengkulu City in 2017.

 

Keywords: Eye Fatigue, Lighting, Tailor
Mass destruction of strong rocks by intermittent emissions of hydro charges
Authors:   Institute of mining named after Kunayev D.A., Buktukov N.S. , Gumennikov E.S. ,   Institute of mining named after Kunayev D.A., Mashataeva G.A. ,   Institute of mining named after Kunayev D.A.
Published: June 2019

Several thousand of small gold and rare-metal deposits are located at a depth inaccessible for open mining in underdeveloped areas of Kazakhstan, which in their limited reserves are either classified as off-balance or are not included in the register of reserves of the SRC (State Reserves Committee). This article discusses the creation and the development of new technologies that are based on the use of fundamentally new technical means will be effective and able to reduce the cost of mining. The hydro-impulse method of rocks destruction of any fortress is offered that will allow reducing sharply the scopes of capital and actual mining at a considerable decrease in their Prime cost. Therefore, it will be possible to involve in the effective development of numerous off-balance gold and rare-metal deposits of Kazakhstan. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the economic and technical efficiency of the hydro-impulse destruction of strong and abrasive rocks in the ore industry with respect to the existing drilling and blasting technology is given, the developed design of an environmentally friendly electric-discharge hydro-impulse gun GPE-1200 with a very high power of hydrofoil is described. The specific recommended design mechanisms, shut-off valves water gun, operating at ultrahigh hydrostatic intra assembly unit pressures, which include how to combine the blasting of the rock mass in the excavation or clearing operations and use the device for drilling wells.
Editorial
Authors: Timm Elisabeth , Laviolette Patrick
Published: June 2019

It is with a certain nostalgia and great sadness that we begin this issue by announcing the death of one of our journal’s founding editors, Prof. Christian Giordano [1945–2018], in the final days of last year – an obituary will be published in the next issue. With the passing of Ina-Maria Greverus in 2017, AJEC is now orphaned from its two founding editors. At a time when the Soviet Union was collapsing and Europe would begin facing even more drastic changes, Grevenus and Giordano had the collective vision in 1990 of launching the Anthropological Yearbook of European Cultures.
‘My Waka Journey’
Authors: Laviolette Patrick
Published: June 2019

It’s safe to say that the world of publishing is where much of my academic passion resides. After co-editing EASA’s flagship journal, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale, with Sarah Green for the past four years, what I feel I most strongly bring to AJEC is an interdisciplinary research profile and an international trajectory. With formative years in Edinburgh and London, I have been exposed to the diverse subfields of human ecology and medical anthropology as well as material, digital and visual culture studies. Indeed, much of my research has occurred in quite multi- or transdisciplinary settings, often dealing with the formulation of British and European sociocultural identities. This parallels the interests of many ethnographers who explore the
anthropologies of the familiar or even ‘at home’ topics.
Lumbar spondylolisthesis: modern registries and the development of artificial intelligence
Authors: Ghogawala Zoher , Dunbar Melissa R. , Essa Irfan
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

There are a wide variety of comparative treatment options in neurosurgery that do not lend themselves to traditional randomized controlled trials. The object of this article was to examine how clinical registries might be used to generate new evidence to support a particular treatment option when comparable options exist. Lumbar spondylolisthesis is used as an example.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the literature examining the comparative effectiveness of decompression alone versus decompression with fusion for lumbar stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Modern data acquisition for the creation of registries was also reviewed with an eye toward how artificial intelligence for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis might be explored.

RESULTS

Current randomized controlled trials differ on the importance of adding fusion when performing decompression for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Standardized approaches to extracting data from the electronic medical record as well as the ability to capture radiographic imaging and incorporate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) will ultimately lead to the development of modern, structured, data-filled registries that will lay the foundation for machine learning.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a growing realization that patient experience, satisfaction, and outcomes are essential to improving the overall quality of spine care. There is a need to use practical, validated PRO tools in the quest to optimize outcomes within spine care. Registries will be designed to contain robust clinical data in which predictive analytics can be generated to develop and guide data-driven personalized spine care.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging perfusion characteristics in meningiomas treated with resection and adjuvant radiosurgery
Authors: Chidambaram Swathi , Pannullo Susan C. , Roytman Michelle , Pisapia David J. , Liechty Benjamin , Magge Rajiv S. , Ramakrishna Rohan , Stieg Philip E. , Schwartz Theodore H. , Ivanidze Jana
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

There is a need for advanced imaging biomarkers to improve radiation treatment planning and response assessment. T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI (DCE MRI) allows quantitative assessment of tissue perfusion and blood-brain barrier dysfunction and has entered clinical practice in the management of primary and secondary brain neoplasms. The authors sought to retrospectively investigate DCE MRI parameters in meningiomas treated with resection and adjuvant radiation therapy using volumetric segmentation.

METHODS

A retrospective review of more than 300 patients with meningiomas resected between January 2015 and December 2018 identified 14 eligible patients with 18 meningiomas who underwent resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo adjuvant radiation therapy or DCE MRI. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained and compared to DCE perfusion metrics, including mean plasma volume (vp), extracellular volume (ve), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (kep), and wash-in rate of contrast into the tissue, which were derived from volumetric analysis of the enhancing volumes of interest.

RESULTS

The mean patient age was 64 years (range 49–86 years), and 50% of patients (7/14) were female. The average tumor volume was 8.07 cm3 (range 0.21–27.89 cm3). The median Ki-67 in the cohort was 15%. When stratified by median Ki-67, patients with Ki-67 greater than 15% had lower median vp (0.02 vs 0.10, p = 0.002), and lower median wash-in rate (1.27 vs 4.08 sec−1, p = 0.04) than patients with Ki-67 of 15% or below. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant, moderate positive correlation between ve and time to progression (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between Ktrans and time to progression, which approached, but did not reach, statistical significance (r = 0.48, p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates a potential role for DCE MRI in the preoperative characterization and stratification of meningiomas, laying the foundation for future prospective studies incorporating DCE as a biomarker in meningioma diagnosis and treatment planning.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial benign meningiomas: follow-up outcome in 130 patients
Authors: Ge Youlin , Liu Dong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Yanhe , Lin Yiguang , Wang Guokai , Zong Yongqing , Liu Enhu
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

The authors retrospectively analyzed the follow-up data in 130 patients with intracranial benign meningiomas after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS), evaluated the tumor progression-free survival (PFS) rate and neurological function preservation rate, and determined the predictors by univariate and multivariate survival analysis.

METHODS

This cohort of 130 patients with intracranial benign meningiomas underwent GKRS between May 2012 and May 2015 at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. The median age was 54.5 years (range 25–81 years), and women outnumbered men at a ratio of 4.65:1. All clinical and radiological data were obtained for analysis. No patient had undergone prior traditional radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The median tumor volume was 3.68 cm3 (range 0.23–45.78 cm3). A median margin dose of 12.0 Gy (range 10.0–16.0 Gy) was delivered to the tumor with a median isodose line of 50% (range 50%–60%).

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 36.5 months (range 12–80 months), tumor volume regressed in 37 patients (28.5%), was unchanged in 86 patients (66.2%), and increased in 7 patients (5.4%). The actuarial tumor progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 98%, 94%, and 87% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, after GKRS. Tumor recurred in 7 patients at a median follow-up of 32 months (range 12–56 months). Tumor volume ≥ 10 cm3 (p = 0.012, hazard ratio [HR] 8.25, 95% CI 1.60–42.65) and pre-GKRS Karnofsky Performance Scale score < 90 (p = 0.006, HR 9.31, 95% CI 1.88–46.22) were independent unfavorable predictors of PFS rate after GKRS. Of the 130 patients, 101 (77.7%) presented with one or more neurological symptoms or signs before GKRS. Neurological symptoms or signs improved in 40 (30.8%) patients, remained stable in 83 (63.8%), and deteriorated in 7 (5.4%) after GKRS. Two (1.5%) patients developed new cranial nerve (CN) deficit. Tumor volume ≥ 10 cm3 (p = 0.042, HR = 4.73, 95% CI 1.06–21.17) and pre-GKRS CN deficit (p = 0.045, HR = 4.35, 95% CI 0.84–22.48) were independent unfavorable predictors for improvement in neurological symptoms or signs. Six (4.6%) patients developed new or worsening peritumoral edema with a median follow-up of 4.5 months (range 2–7 months).

CONCLUSIONS

GKRS provided good local tumor control and high neurological function preservation in patients with intracranial benign meningiomas. Patients with tumor volume < 10 cm3, pre-GKRS Karnofsky Performance Scale score ≥ 90, and no pre-GKRS CN deficit (I–VIII) can benefit from stereotactic radiosurgery. It can be considered as the primary or adjuvant management of intracranial benign meningiomas.
Fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas: a single-institution experience
Authors: Joshi Krishna C. , Raghavan Alankrita , Muhsen Baha’eddin , Hsieh Jason , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Chao Samuel T. , Barnett Gene H. , Suh John H. , Neyman Gennady , Kshettry Varun R. , Recinos Pablo F. , Mohammadi Alireza M. , Angelov Lilyana
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been successfully used for the treatment of intracranial meningiomas given its steep dose gradients and high-dose conformality. However, treatment of skull base meningiomas (SBMs) may pose significant risk to adjacent radiation-sensitive structures such as the cranial nerves. Fractionated GKRS (fGKRS) may decrease this risk, but until recently it has not been practical with traditional pin-based systems. This study reports the authors’ experience in treating SBMs with fGKRS, using a relocatable, noninvasive immobilization system.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent fGKRS for SBMs between 2013 and 2018 delivered using the Extend relocatable frame system or the Icon system. Patient demographics, pre- and post-GKRS tumor characteristics, perilesional edema, prior treatment details, and clinical symptoms were evaluated. Volumetric analysis of pre-GKRS, post-GKRS, and subsequent follow-up visits was performed.

RESULTS

Twenty-five patients met inclusion criteria. Nineteen patients were treated with the Icon system, and 6 patients were treated with the Extend system. The mean pre-fGKRS tumor volume was 7.62 cm3 (range 4.57–13.07 cm3). The median margin dose was 25 Gy delivered in 4 (8%) or 5 (92%) fractions. The median follow-up time was 12.4 months (range 4.7–17.4 months). Two patients (9%) experienced new-onset cranial neuropathy at the first follow-up. The mean postoperative tumor volume reduction was 15.9% with 6 patients (27%) experiencing improvement of cranial neuropathy at the first follow-up. Median first follow-up scans were obtained at 3.4 months (range 2.8–4.3 months). Three patients (12%) developed asymptomatic, mild perilesional edema by the first follow-up, which remained stable subsequently.

CONCLUSIONS

fGKRS with relocatable, noninvasive immobilization systems is well tolerated in patients with SBMs and demonstrated satisfactory tumor control as well as limited radiation toxicity. Future prospective studies with long-term follow-up and comparison to single-session GKRS or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy are necessary to validate these findings and determine the efficacy of this approach in the management of SBMs.
Feasibility of local bone dust as a graft material in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Park Sehan , Lee Dong-Ho , Hwang Saemin , Oh Soohyun , Hwang Do-yon , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon Sung
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

Local bone dust has been used previously as a substitute cage filling material for iliac bone grafts during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, the impacts of local bone dust on fusion rate and clinical results remain unclear. Extragraft bone bridging (ExGBB) is a reliable CT finding indicating segmental fusion. This study was conducted to compare fusion rates for the use of local bone dust or an iliac auto bone graft during ACDF surgery and to evaluate the effect of implanting bone graft outside the cage.

METHODS

Ninety-three patients who underwent ACDF at a single institution were included. An iliac bone graft was used as the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filling graft material in 43 patients (iliac crest [IC] group). In the IC group, bone graft material was inserted only inside the cage. Local bone dust was used in 50 patients (local bone [LB] group). Bone graft material was inserted both inside and outside the cage in the LB group. Segmental fusion was assessed by 1) interspinous motion (ISM), 2) intragraft bone bridging (InGBB), and 3) ExGBB. Fusion rates, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

The neck and arm pain VAS scores and NDI score improved significantly in both groups. Fusion rates assessed by ISM and InGBB did not differ significantly between the groups. However, the fusion rate in the LB group was significantly higher than that in the IC group when assessed by ExGBB (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Using local bone dust as cage filling material resulted in fusion rates similar to those for an iliac bone graft, while avoiding potential complications and pain caused by iliac bone harvesting. A higher rate of extragraft bone bridge formation was achieved by implanting local bone dust outside the cage.
DIVERSITY OF BIRDS IN KUMARASAMY LAKE AND SINGANALLUR LAKE
Authors: Sharon S. Abanah , Roopavathy Dr. J. , Geetha S.
Published: June 2019

A bird survey is carried out  in lakes of Coimbatore (kumarasamy and singanallur) to examine the diversity and richness distribution of bird species in wetland region. This survey was taken from july 2018 to December 2018 to suitably access the bird diversity. A total number of 50 species from 13 orders and 34 families were recorded. The month of October and November maximum numbers of birds were identified. Pelicaniformes contributed maximum number of species. Finally, least number of birds recorded in Gruiformes, Strigiformes, Psittaciformes, Gariformes, Columbiformes and Podicipitiformes. Maximum bird species were recorded in Singanallur Lake and minimum in Kumarasamy Lake. The study revealed that Kumarasamy and Singanallur Lake acts as a refuge site for many water birds. Hence it is recommended that protection of the wetland from the human disturbance is of urgent need.   

Key words: Kumarasamy, Threatened, Gariformes
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUBLINGUAL FILMS OF APIXABAN
Authors: Joshi Arjun L. , Raval Anil G
Published: June 2019

The concept of sublingual film dosage form has become popular as new delivery system. This system will provide maximum therapeutic efficacy, increased bioavailability and maximum stability by reducing the frequency of dosage. It will also avoid first pass metabolism of the drugs. This system provides more rapid drug absorption from the pre gastric area which may provide quick onset of action. The present research aimed to prepare sublingual films of apixaban reduces the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The film was prepared using solvent casting method and optimized employing 32 factorial design considering two independent variables film forming polymer (HPMC E5) and PEG 400. Disintegration time, drug release and folding endurance were taken as dependent variables. The prepared optimized formulation showed minimum disintegration time (35 s), highest dissolution rate (99 %) and satisfactory physicochemical properties. It is evident from the above results that the developed formulation can be an innovative dosage form to improve the drug delivery, onset of action as well as improve patient compliance.

Key Words: Apixaban, Sublingual films, HPMC
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF MIRABEGRON
Authors: Prajapati Kajal A , Patel Dhara B , Raval Anil G
Published: June 2019

Mirabegron Orally Disintegrating Tablets were prepared using a direct compression approach with a novel approach of combining effervescence agents and super disintegrants to achieve a rapid disintegration. A screening study was performed using Crospovidone XL 10, Croscarmellose Sodium and Sodium Starch Glycolate at two levels to least Disintegration Time, which was achieved by Croscarmellose Sodium. The prepared tablets were evaluated for Weight variation, Thickness, Hardness, Disintegration time, Dissolution, and Water uptake study. A full factorial statistical optimization was carried out on the best optimized formulation to establish the design space for selected factors i.e., Level of Effervescence agents and Croscarmellose Sodium against Response Disintegration Time and Dissolution. A significant effect of both factors was found on DT as well as Dissolution rate, which justifies the use and rationale of the excipients.

Key words: Mirabegron, ODT, Direct Compression, Effervescence agents, Super disintegrants
DERBENT IN CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATION SPACE OF THE MIDDLE AGES: FEATURES AND PECULIARITIES
Authors: Inozemtseva E I
Published: June 2019

The article covers the place and role of Derbent in the cultural and civilization space of the Medieval Caucasus. Basing on written sources, the author highlights important features and peculiarities of the town situated at the ‘eternal crossing’, its polyethnic nature was the main structure-forming factor and the cultural environment was a kind of symbiosis based on centuries of interaction of traditions of historically developed ethnic, confessional and social groups of townspeople. A certain negative balance in the historical and cultural process of Medieval Derbent was accounted for the slave trade. Traditionally being one of the transit centers of the slave trade in the Eastern Caucasus, in the 11th-13th centuries Derbent acquired the status of the most well-known and active slave trade market. During the process of Islamization, Dagestan people found themselves under direct influence of the Arab-Muslim civilization. Together with the religion, the rich scientific literature and fiction of the peoples of the Middle East came here and had an entirely fruitful influence on the development of spiritual life of the region. Representatives of the Muslim elite of Derbent were recognized authorities in the field of hadith science and Muslim law. Medieval Derbent was not only a religious but also a major center of spiritual culture, a kind of intellectual base and foundation of the local Muslim spiritual elite. The Arabic language and writing were critical for the formation of the local culture and science. In the comparative historical aspect, the development of Medieval Derbent had a strongly-pronounced specific character conditioned, first of all, by the centuries-old history of the town, which created unique conditions for the formation of the ethno-confessional composition of the town’s population, for the development of economic and social life. As polyethnicity was the main structure-forming factor in Derbent, it should be considered as a specific model of stable long-term interethnic interaction. For many centuries, Derbent was a well-known center of large-scale transit trade in the Eastern Caucasus. Realizing the natural needs of peoples for the exchange of goods, trade was a powerful factor of creation because it stimulated the development of crafts, science, art, development of new territories, and construction of towns. Trade was also an important factor of peace as it required political stability. At the same time, trade was a factor of dialogue culture, the culture of civilized communication, respect for customs and faith of partners in trade. An important feature of Derbent was its unique socio-cultural function: it was the center of not only economic, but also considerable cultural attraction.
AKUSHA-DARGO IN RUSSIA’S POLICY IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19th CENTURY
Authors: Aliev B G , Murtazaev O A
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the activity of one of the most well-known, influential and active political structures of Dagestan at the end of the 18th - the first half of the 19th cc. - the federation of Dargin unions of rural communities Akusha-Dargo. It was the period of active policy of Russia in Dagestan, which began after the conclusion of the Küçük Kaynardzha peace treaty with Turkey. Dagestan people generally sympathized with intensification of Russia’s policy. But there were rulers, in particular Shikhali Khan of Derbent and Surkhay Khan II of Gazikumukh, who pursued an anti-Russian policy, involving in this process other rulers and mountain communities and, of course, Akusha-Dargo, as the most influential political structure of Dagestan. Akusha-Dargo was closely associated with Shikhali Khan of Derbent and took an active part in his anti-Russian policy. Therefore, Akusha-Dargo was the focus of attention of the Caucasian command: it was mentioned in dozens of orders, reports, dispatches, letters, and instructions from all the commanders in the Caucasus, who closely followed the behavior of the Dargins, fervently discussing their participation in the anti-Russian policy of various rulers; in the reports and dispatches to Emperor Nicholas I and military ministers. The Caucasian command informed them of the activity of Akusha-Dargo, characterizing it as the most powerful political structure, which has a great influence on feudal rulers and mountain societies, and its role and significance in political events and the situation in Dagestan was emphasized in various documents. The article contains the material that reveals the role and importance of Akusha-Dargo in the political life of Dagestan in the thirties of the 19th century.
RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE CULTURE OF THE NUTRITION OF THE CITIZENS OF DAGESTAN IN THE LATEST TIME (THE SECOND HALF OF THE EIGHTIES OF THE XX CENTURY - THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD)
Authors: Seferbekov R I
Published: June 2019

The article traces the processes of transforming the food culture of the peoples of Dagestan into the so-called perestroika years and in the post-Soviet period. Under the culture of nutrition is understood a set of phenomena in the life of a person that are associated with food and nutrition (food intake) - sets of food products, ways of processing them, cooking techniques and culinary products, recipes, traditions of food preferences or food restrictions and prohibitions, Forms of organization of meals, table etiquette and rituals. A special kind of food culture is the food of the urban population. The food of the townspeople differs from that of the rural population, where traditional components predominate. According to the author, globalization has had a major impact on the culture of Dagestani citizens. The greatest influence on the food culture of Dagestanis in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet times was provided by Azerbaijani and Russian cuisines. Especially big changes in the culture of nutrition of the townspeople of Dagestan have occurred since the second half of the 80-s. XX century. They were connected with socio-political events in the USSR, the influence of the global and Russian urbanized culture. In the opinion of the author, the dishes of Russian and European cuisine, in which there are separate elements of traditional Dagestan cuisine, are manifested in food of calendar and religious holidays, wedding celebrations, guests' reception and daily meals constitute the basis of the diet of Dagestan's citizens in recent times. The influence of Azerbaijani cuisine is more felt in the culture of eating of the townspeople of the cities of Derbent and the Dagestan Ogni and to a lesser extent in other cities of Dagestan. In connection with the ethnocultural interactions and mutual influences, the processes of globalization, in recent times, there has been a trend towards the internationalization of the diet of Dagestan's citizens.
GENERAL R.F. ROSEN ABOUT THE AVAR KHANATE
Authors: Aliev B G
Published: June 2019

The article presents a comparative historiographic analysis of the information on the Avar Khanate, available in General R.F. Rosen’s work “Description of Chechnya and Dagestan”. The information relates to various problems of socio-economic position of the Khanate, its structure and administration, relations with the neighboring unions of rural communities, the size of the population and armed forces, the main branches of economy, location of villages and house constructions, natural and geographical conditions, roads running from flat Dagestan to the Khanate. Of particular interest is R.F. Rosen’s information on the political structure and administration of the Avar Khanate. Like a number of previous authors (S.M. Bronevsky, Chrysanth, F.P.Skalon and others), R.F.Rosen wrote that there was public administration in Avariya. The main feature in the description of the Khanate was an excessive exaggeration of shortcomings in the state and development of the Avar Khanate. R.F. Rosen saw only negatives in the way of life of the Khanate. He wrote about people’s insubordination to the khan, his dependence on the People’s Assembly, a small size of the population of the Khanate and its armed forces, bad horse cavalry, complete independence of neighboring societies from the khan, underdevelopment of arable farming, and a relatively poor development of sheep breeding. In his opinion, distant-pasture cattle tending was one of the reasons for poor development of sheep breeding in the Khanate as compared to that in other neighboring peoples. It can be assumed that R.F. Rosen described the Avar Khanate under a strong influence of the description of the Khanate given by F.P. Skalon a year before, who wrote about the similar disadvantages in the state of the Khanate. But no matter how and what R.F. Rosen wrote, his description is of great interest as it helps to provide further insight into the socio-economic and political situation of the Avar Khanate in the 1820-1830s. And it is very important as there are different opinions on the socio-economic development and administrative and political structure of the Avar Khanate, as the analyzed material shows.
RUSSIAN ARMY OFFICER A.P.SHCHERBACHEV ABOUT THE KOISUBULINSKY UNION
Authors: Aliev B G
Published: June 2019

The article deals with historiographic analysis of the data on the Koisubulinsky Union, which the staff captain of the Russian army A.P. Shcherbachev, who participated in military operations in the North Caucasus, presented in his work “The Description of the Mekhtulinsky Khanate, Koisubulinky Possessions and the Avar Khanate”. Only two pages of “The Description” are devoted to the Koisubulinsky Union. Nevertheless, A.P.Shcherbachev considers more than ten problems, which contain many different facts of the socio-economic and political situation of the Koisubulinsky Union in late 1820s - early 1830s. The problems concerning the population, government, and occupations of Koisubula population are of the greatest interest. Although sometimes the facts given in the description of Koisubula are contradictory, they are interesting and their comparison with the information about Koisubula population presented by other authors can provide a more or less correct picture of the situation in late 1820s - early 1830s. This is information about the composition and size of the population of Koisubula, its military forces, the development of one or another branch of agriculture, etc. It should be noted that most facts of A.P. Shcherbachev’s descriptions find confirmation in the works of the authors who wrote before him and those who described Koisubula later. This concerns the form of management of Koisubula population, the development of winegrowing and winemaking, the sale of products to Armenians who came to Koisubula villages, a good state of gardening and agriculture, cultivation of various fruit and grain crops, and the state of cattle breeding. It is impossible not to mention the issue of the relationship of Koisubula residents with other peoples of Dagestan. A.P. Shcherbachev notes that Koisubula residents, when they needed bread and salt, bartered these products for their fruit in the Mekhtulin Khanate and in neighboring societies of other peoples of Dagestan and also considers the problem of raids of Koisubula residents on Georgia. On the whole, A.P. Shcherbachev’s data on Koisubula are of interest to Dagestan scientists who are engaged in history of Dagestan.
INNOVATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF GENERAL EDUCATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE LATE 1950 - THE 1960 s (Case study of autonomous republics of the region)
Authors: Kaimarazov G Sh
Published: June 2019

Basing on the study of reliable sources and materials, accumulated historiographic experience, the author of the article makes the first attempt to generalize the innovations in comprehensive schools of Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetian and Chechen-Ingush ASSR in the late 1950s - the 1960s, introduction of which was to contribute to the further improvement of general education. The complete plans for development of comprehensive schools worked out by the country’s leadership were to ensure the expansion of school network, transformation of seven-year schools into eight-year ones, strengthening of polytechnical education, construction of new school buildings, development of the educational and methodological base of schools, additional production of educational literature, more qualitative training and professional development of teaching staff. During the decade under consideration, special measures were taken to increase the involvement of mountain girls in senior school, there were significant positive changes in combining theoretical training with socially useful work, and improving the school’s connection with life. In the process of labor training in agriculture, industry, in school training and production workshops, school children were trained to perform certain types of productive activities in order to form an organic need for it. The presence of a certain reserve of leavers of comprehensive schools made it possible to increase admission to higher educational institutions and specialised secondary school, to carry out competitive selection of applicants for continuing education. The author of the article considers the purpose of the innovations introduced within the period under consideration, presents the real results of their practical implementation, the reasons that led to incomplete achievement of the goals of introduction of polytechnical education in the planned decisions of the state and party authorities of the USSR and the autonomous republics.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CASPIAN MARITIME TRADE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY
Authors: Abdusalamov M-P B , Magaramov Sh A , Khalaev Z A
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the development of trade contacts between Russia and Oriental countries that were carried out through the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in the first half of the 18th century. Since the early Middle Ages, the Russians had been contacting with the population of the Caspian Sea regions and Oriental countries via the Volga-Caspian Route. The western coast of the Caspian Sea, in contrast to the eastern one, had significant merchant harbors (Derbent, Nizabad, Baku), which accounted for a great part of international trade turnover. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the transit role of the Caucasian coast of the Caspian Sea had been increasing, Russia was interested in establishing trade and economic contacts with the East, as the main commodity of the Eastern trade - silk - was to be exported to European countries via the Caspian-Volga Route. Therefore, measures were taken to reconstruct the merchant harbors, particularly in Derbent and Baku, the required infrastructure along the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea was created, the Caspian flotilla was modernized, and more weight-lifting vessels were built and replaced the busses of the previous century. Transportation of cargo across the Caspian Sea was quite a profitable business, and it was carried out only by Russian sea-going vessels that had been built in the Astrakhan Admiralty established on the order of Peter I. The Caspian trade with the countries of the Caucasus and the Western Caspian Sea regions continued developing in the post-Petrine period. During the period of the Caucasian conquests, Nadir Shah planned to create a strong fleet in the Caspian Sea like that of Russia. For this purpose, the representatives of the English company, Hanway and Elton, were employed by Nadir Shah and were allowed to build ships and sail on merchant ships over the Caspian Sea. However, the Iranian Shah’s plans to create his own fleet in the Caspian Sea, as well as his Dagestan campaign failed.
Multi-Objective Reactive Power Optimization Including Distributed Generation
Authors: WANG Hong , WANG Zhijie
Published: June 2019

In order to solve the problem of reactive power optimization of distribution network with distributed power supply, the multi-objective reactive power optimization function is established from multiple perspectives, and the equation constraint and inequality constraint equation of power system are considered. Secondly, taking IEEE33 node distribution system with distributed power supply as an example, reactive power optimization of single objective function is carried out to verify that the proposed algorithm has a global convergence and a great advantage in convergence speed. Finally, multi-objective reactive power optimization of distribution network with distributed power supply is carried out. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Ecoetiquetas factor de contribución al cuidado del medio ambiente y fortalecimiento en las organizaciones
Authors: Reyes Rojas Germán Enrique
Published: June 2019

El contenido de este artículo tiene el propósito de identificar el nivel de influencia de las eco etiquetas exhibidas principalmente en los productos, servicios, páginas web y otros llamados sellos verdes, así como el impacto que estas generan actualmente en la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Dicho análisis se llevó a cabo a través del método lógico inductivo completo, partiendo de fuentes secundarias como artículos científicos, resoluciones, portales web corporativos, bases de datos universitarias, entre otros. Se tuvo como base la investigación y el análisis de casos en organizaciones e individuos que en efecto han implementado de manera exitosa este elemento en su diario vivir. Dentro de este contexto, la idea de la sostenibilidad ambiental se desarrolló mediante la integración de acciones y estrategias encaminadas a la preservación y cuidado del mismo, utilizando como canal el uso de eco etiquetas, sellos verdes, reciclaje y reutilización de los recursos. Al respecto, conviene decir que los resultados obtenidos se fundamentan indudablemente en empresas e individuos que en la actualidad poseen una iniciativa intrínseca frente a la prevención, el cuidado y la mitigación de los impactos dependientes de las actividades realizadas dentro de la sociedad que puedan afectar al medio ambiente. Finalmente, las eco etiquetas buscan la forma de regular, informar y concientizar tanto a las empresas como a los consumidores de los impactos negativos que se pueden generar por el mal uso de los recursos; paralelamente, esta iniciativa contribuirá de manera positiva en el crecimiento de las organizaciones dependiendo el nivel de aceptación en la sociedad.
Proyecto de acuerdo por medio del cual por medio del cual se declara un bien de interés cultural para la ciudad de Pereira
Authors: Fernández Mayerling , Durán Daniela Alejandra , Serna María
Published: June 2019

Honorables concejales:Someto a consideración de la Honorable corporación el Proyecto de Acuerdo para la declaratoria de la Colección del periódico El Diario (1929-1984) como Bien de Interés Cultural para la ciudad de Pereira, en los términos que exige el marco legal colombiano.De acuerdo con los lineamientos del Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia, el Patrimonio mueble puede definirse como “El conjunto de objetos seleccionados como bienes culturales que, al formar parte del patrimonio cultural tangible, han sido elaborados de manera material o conceptual para un fin específico, como piezas útiles, como obras artísticas o como recursos para el conocimiento, y que es característica común a todos ellos el poderse trasladar de un lugar a otro”. Está representado por los bienes arqueológicos, obras de arte, bienes utilitarios, bibliográficos, documentales, hemerográficos, cinematográficos y objetos de uso religioso, científico e industrial, entre otros, de autores reconocidos o anónimos y producidos de forma individual o colectiva, en diferentes épocas.
Guía para estudiantes para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación
Authors: Aldana de Becerra Gloria Marlén , Caraballo Martínez Gilma Jeannette , Najar Céspedes Andrea Paola
Published: June 2019

El trabajo de investigación particular “consiste en la elaboración de un proyecto de investigación bajo una metodología específica, diseñado y desarrollado para la solución de un problema en el campo científico y profesional elegido, cuyos resultados contribuyen a retroalimentar y actualizar los currículos disciplinares.”DEFINICIÓNSegún el artículo 7 del Acuerdo 010 Opciones de Grado (Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, 2012), el trabajo de investigación dirigido, del cual hace parte el proyecto de investigación particular, es un trabajo realizado fundamentalmente por los estudiantes, con la asesoría temática y metodológica de docentes y/o investigadores vinculados a la institución. Las temáticas a trabajar en esta modalidad como opción de grado deben estar vinculadas a las líneas de investigación institucionales.
Intervención educativa a través de la estrategia de comunicación en salud para manejo de la enfermedad respiratoria aguda
Authors: Páez Mora Carlos Duván
Published: June 2019

Introducción: la enfermedad respiratoria aguda es una de las principales causas de muerte evitable en niños menores de 5 años. Objetivos: Evaluar la intervención de una nueva forma de comunicación en salud Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental PRE Y POST intervención en 2 instituciones de educación de la ciudad de Bogotá. Resultados: Los cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años tienen pocos conocimientos en signos de alarma, prevención, factores de riesgo y cuidado en casa de la enfermedad respiratoria aguda, tras la intervención educativa el nivel de conocimiento aumenta significativamente. Conclusiones: Las nuevas formas de comunicación en salud que involucran las TICS y la música constituyen una gran herramienta para incrementar el nivel de conocimiento y vencer las barreras de la comunicación.
Estudio de aguas y tratado para reutilizacion, utilizando el mineral antracita para purificacion en la mina Miner S.A Minera El Roble, ubicada en el municipio del Carmen de Atrato, Chocó
Authors: Fernández Rojas Carlos
Published: June 2019

Para la humanidad se ha convertido en prioridad el cuidado de los recursos naturales; en este caso el agua fundamental recurso para la vida, el siguiente proyecto buscara realizar un estudio y planteamiento de un nuevo sistema para el tratamiento de las aguas, que hemos llamado (WATA), La minera es una de las técnicas que más se utilizan en la recuperación de minerales. Esta actividad implica el desarrollo de labores mineras subterráneas y a cielo abierto, estas consisten en excavaciones y diferentes tipos de labores de remoción de suelos, toda remoción de suelos genera una concentración de agua por diferentes procesos, esta se ve contaminada por los procesos mineros y por la misma extracción o al entrar en contacto con el mineral de interés económico, estas se filtran en un proceso natural creando acumulación de aguas en zonas no deseadas de la mina, este es un gran factor de riesgo que pone en peligro la salud, la estructura de la mina, el tipo de sostenimiento de integridad física de las personas y maquinaria al realizar las labores diarias del Choco. Con este análisis buscaremos determinar un mejor sistema de tratamiento de aguas, enfocando la antracita como agente principal de purificación en un sistema actual que no posee algún tipo de agente reductor, los datos que se obtengan de estos estudios se analizaran, buscando determinar si el tratamiento empleado es el adecuado o sugerir otro tipo de manejo de aguas más acorde a las condiciones actuales del planeta al buscar sistemas ecológicos en los procesos industriales para el cuidado de los recursos del Choco. Con este análisis buscaremos determinar un mejor sistema de tratamiento de aguas, enfocando la antracita como agente principal de purificación en un sistema actual que no posee algún tipo de agente reductor, los datos que se obtengan de estos estudios se analizaran, buscando determinar si el tratamiento empleado es el adecuado o sugerir otro tipo de manejo de aguas más acorde a las condiciones actuales del planeta al buscar sistemas ecológicos en los procesos industriales para el cuidado de los recursos.