bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Global Potential Risk of Establishment ofRhagoletis pomonella(Diptera: Tephritidae) Using MaxEnt and CLIMEX Niche Models
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Yee Wee L. , Neven Lisa G.
Published: July 2016

The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major quarantine pest of apples (Malus domestica Borkhausen) in the United States. Apple maggot is found only in North America and negatively impacts the apple industry in the western United States by reducing grower access to export markets. To reduce the threat of apple maggot to export countries and to facilitate the movement of commercial apples, an assessment of potential risk of establishment of apple maggot is needed to predict which regions are suitable or unsuitable for the fly. We used a correlative niche model MaxEnt and a mechanistic model CLIMEX to model global potential risk of establishment of apple maggot. The MaxEnt model was developed by integrating apple maggot occurrences with global climatic variables. Apple (a major host of apple maggot) climatic suitability was used as an additional variable to include species interactions in the MaxEnt model. The CLIMEX model was developed using published apple maggot physiological tolerance thresholds. Both the MaxEnt and CLIMEX models correctly predicted the known distribution of apple maggot in North America, met biological expectations when projected to the world, and mostly agreed on climatic suitability worldwide for the fly. Degree-days at 6.7 °C, elevation, precipitation seasonality, and apple climatic suitability were the most important predictors associated with apple maggot distribution in North America. Our results can be used to make science-based international trade decisions by policy makers, and for monitoring apple maggot potential introductions in countries where it currently does not occur.
Measuring conventionalization in the manual modality
Authors: Namboodiripad Savithry , Lenzen Daniel , Lepic Ryan , Verhoef Tessa
Published: July 2016

Gestures produced by users of spoken languages differ from signs produced by users of sign languages in that gestures are more typically ad hoc and idiosyncratic, while signs are more typically conventionalized and shared within a language community. To measure how gestures may change over time as a result of the process of conventionalization, we used a social coordination game to elicit repeated silent gestures from hearing non-signers, and used Microsoft Kinect to unobtrusively track the movement of their bodies as they gestured. Our approach follows from a tradition of laboratory experiments designed to study language evolution and draws upon insights from sign language research on language emergence. Working with silent gesture, we were able to simulate and quantify hallmarks of conventionalization that have been described for sign languages, in the laboratory. With Kinect, we measured a reduction in the size of the articulatory space and a decrease in the distance traveled by the articulators, while communicative success increased between participants over time. This approach opens the door for more direct future comparisons between ad hoc gestures produced in the lab and natural sign languages in the world.
Socrates
Authors: El Murr Dimitri
Published: July 2016

Socrates of Athens (470/469–399 bce) is perhaps the most famous philosopher of all time. Yet there is a striking contrast between his extraordinary celebrity and what we know for certain about him. We know for sure that he spent his entire life in Athens, philosophizing in public and private places. We also know that he left no written works. What we know of his life and teaching comes only for a small part through the writings of contemporaries (notably Aristophanes), and mostly through the works of his many disciples, among whom stand the most prominent philosophers of the time (Plato, Antisthenes, Aristippus, Xenophon, Aeschines of Sphettos). None of these witnesses was concerned to record what Socrates did and said according to the modern standards of accurateness. Rather, each of them depicted his own view of Socrates, competing with one another as to which portrait rendered the true spirit of Socraticism. Most of what we know of Socrates also comes from later sources, which in turn depend on the writings of his contemporaries, most of which have been lost. Therefore, as a consequence of Socrates’ exceptional impact and avoidance of writing down his own thoughts, there is neither direct nor neutral access to Socrates’ life and doctrine. Every author, every school of thought, and every time period has shaped its own Socrates, according to its own agenda. Does this mean that the quest for the historical Socrates is ill-founded and the true Socrates irremediably lost? Some scholars think it does. At the very least, it seems safe to say that the study of Socrates is not separable from what is now known as the “Socratic Question.” On Socrates’ philosophical input, what does seem clear is that he introduced a major breakthrough in the history of philosophy. According to two distinct traditions in Antiquity, Socrates indeed shifted both the object and the method of philosophical inquiry. According to Cicero (and Xenophon), Socrates was the first who brought down philosophy from the heavens and placed it in cities (Tusc. V, 10). According to Aristotle (in Metaphysics), he was the first to concern himself with definitions. Both interests are amply evidenced in our main extant source of information on Socrates, which is also the trickiest to handle: the Platonic dialogues. Another reason explaining Socrates’ celebrity over the last twenty-five centuries is the most famous episode of his life, namely his death. In 399 bce, Socrates was tried, and sentenced to drink hemlock, by an Athenian popular jury of five hundred citizens. Why he was executed by the Athenian democracy remains a hotly disputed issue. Yet, even more than the portrait of Socrates as the irrepressible gadfly and soul-examiner of Athens, it is his death, and notably Plato’s dramatization of it as the martyrdom of philosophy, that made him the legend and the mystery he still is.
Teresa of Avila
Authors: Howe Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2016

Teresa of Avila (b. 1515–d. 1582), also known as Santa Teresa de Jesús, is arguably the foremost woman writer of 16th-century Spain. She also represented in her family background and her life’s work the currents roiling the Spain of her time and place. The child of a converso (converted Jewish) father and an “old Christian” mother, her very family name had been adjusted to obscure the paternal background. In her forties she began the reform of the Carmelite order for both men and women as part of what came to be known as the Counter-Reformation. Her written works ranged from the autobiographical Vida (Life), ostensibly penned at the request of her confessor, as well as the mystical Castillo interior o las moradas (Interior castle or the mansions); a treatise on prayer composed for her nuns called Camino de perfección (Way of perfection); an account of the convents she established, Fundaciones (Foundations); and numerous Cartas (Letters). As a mystic her writings influenced generations of other authors, both Catholic and non-Catholic through the centuries, even as it invited the scrutiny of the Inquisition. Although not published during her lifetime, her major works saw print not long after her death and were translated into most of the European languages shortly thereafter. Canonized in 1622, she was also the first woman to be declared a Doctor of the Church, in 1970. In the more than four hundred years since her death, works about her number in the thousands. They consider her life and works—both written and foundational—from a variety of perspectives. The present bibliography is by no means complete, but it offers a starting point for further research.
Nations and Nationalism
Authors: Jackson-Preece Jennifer , Norris Maria
Published: July 2016

At the heart of nationalism lies the belief that humanity is (or ought to be) divided into nations, and that nations are (or ought to be) the basis of independent sovereign states. The basic problem of nationalism is the difficulty (if not impossibility) in making political facts correspond to the national ideal. As a result, scholarship on nationalism deals with complex issues regarding the nature of identity and belonging, as well as the origins and legitimacy of the international system of nation-states. Consequently, this article has not been designed to answer questions, but rather to introduce the international-relations reader to key debates, developments, and controversies in a field that is deeply interdisciplinary. The article comprises works from disciplines as varied as political science, sociology, anthropology, law, and criminology as well as international relations. It has been split into three main sections. The first deals with nationalism theory, which is mostly concerned with the origins of nations and their relationship to the state. The second section takes the study of nationalism further by looking at identity, national or otherwise, and its relationship to belonging. Finally, as long as nationalism has existed, there has been conflict in its name. The last section thus looks at instability and nationalism in its myriad of forms, including secession, self-determination, multiculturalism, and ethnic conflict.
Impression Management
Authors: Tal-Or Nurit
Published: July 2016

Since the seminal works of Goffman in sociology and Jones in social psychology, scholars interested in interpersonal communication have established that people attempt to influence the way they are perceived by others. Research has documented the variety of impression management tactics that people use in order to be liked or perceived as competent or as threatening, and at times even as incapable. People use impression management tactics when they anticipate a threat to their face and when the threat to their face has already occurred. Besides documenting the use of impression management, research has also examined the underlying motives for and the effectiveness of the various tactics. Impression management has been shown to have an impact in an assortment of contexts ranging from organizational behaviors to health risk conduct.
George Patton
Authors: Rickard John Nelson
Published: July 2016

George Smith Patton Jr. is a major figure in both American and military history. He has achieved a renown exceeded by perhaps only MacArthur, Eisenhower, and Churchill in the pantheon of World War II figures. The literature on his life and career is large and falls into five broad categories. First, Patton has been the subject of innumerable biographies ranging from hero-worshipping by associates, friends, and admirers to iconoclasm by those uncomfortable with the darker aspects of Patton’s character. A ubiquitous element in virtually all Patton biographies, however, is the struggle to reconcile his warrior image with his cultured and thoughtful nature. The second category consists of published articles, books, and graduate theses on specific aspects of his career. A substantial number of studies covering Patton’s Tunisian, Sicilian, and North-West European campaigns exist. Patton has also been the subject of many theses written by serving officers at American service schools. No American World War II commander has been the subject of a service school thesis more frequently than Patton. The third category consists of campaign studies that fit Patton into the larger strategic narrative. Fourth, there is a very large body of commentary on Patton by his superiors, peers, subordinates, and associates. The commentary is almost never benign; rather it varies from one extreme to another. Finally, Patton’s own writings published from the early 1920s to 1945 stand alone as the thoughts of a thoroughly professional soldier grounded in a deep appreciation and understanding of military history and theory. This article provides a pathway through the major Patton sources and highlights the principal controversies surrounding him.
Biopics
Authors: Brown Tom , Vidal Belén
Published: July 2016

“Biopic” (sometimes spelled “bio-pic”) is the most common term used to refer to films representing any aspect of the lives of famous people from the past or the present. Of unclear origins, the term seems to have originated in the trade papers and then penetrated the consciousness of producers and critics. Its widespread use has replaced the more formal “biographical picture.” Originally associated with the prestige pictures produced by the Hollywood studios during the classic era, the term has become naturalized in other Anglo-American contexts. “Biopic” has also entered (not without certain resistance) the vocabulary of the study of other national cinemas, such as the French cinema. While George Custen’s key book on the studio biopic, Custen 1992 (cited under General Overviews), established the foundations for its study as a Hollywood genre, the debates about the biopic have pursued several lines of inquiry from the start. On the one hand, the genre was perceived as a belated offspring of popular biographical formats at a time (the early twentieth century) when literary biography was moving to new and experimental forms of life writing. On the other, the biopic began to be studied as a form of historical cinema, and, as such, it became the target of historians’ concerns about fidelity and (mis-)representation, agency, and the ideological subtexts underpinning the retelling of history as well as the reconstruction of national narratives. The genre’s unabated popularity throughout the history of cinema has spawned attempts to classify and analyze its recurrent iconography in terms of types of biographical subjects and social worlds represented in the biopic. Likewise, the biopic’s showcase of film performance and its star-making capabilities have proved a particularly fertile field of debate. So too its biased fetishization of the great white man as the agent of history has been much discussed from critical perspective on gender and race. In our era of media convergence, digital streaming, and the explosion of celebrity culture, the biopic persists in new transmedia formats as part of a digital culture obsessed with the self.
Space-Time GIS
Authors: Yuan May
Published: July 2016

Space-time GIS emerged in the early 1990s to incorporate temporal information and analytical functions so that GIS technology could handle both spatial and temporal data. To do so, GIS technology has to embrace spatial and temporal data throughout the processes of conceptualization, representation, computation, and visualization. Conceptualization captures ontological constructs and how they manifest themselves and relate to each other in space and time meaningfully with respect to the geographic domain of interest. Representation formalizes the conceptualized ontological constructs based on their characteristics, behaviors, and relationships to organize spatial and temporal data effectively in accordance with the geographic domain. Computation operates on digital representations of the ontological constructs to measure spatial and temporal quantities, analyze patterns, model relationships, simulate possible scenarios, and make predictions in space and time. Finally, visualization creates visual means to inspect space-time data and analytical findings throughout GIS processing. Visual analytics, furthermore, utilizes an interactive visual interface to facilitate analytical reasoning, and hence engages visualization in computation. Advances in teal-time or near real-time geospatial data acquisition as well as data streaming and machine learning methods have significantly accelerated the development of space-time GIS since 2010.
Influence of Soft Kernel Texture on the Flour, Water Absorption, Rheology, and Baking Quality of Durum Wheat
Authors: Murray Jessica C. , Kiszonas Alecia M. , Morris Craig F.
Published: July 2016

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) production worldwide is substantially less than that of common wheat (T. aestivum). Durum kernels are extremely hard; thus, most durum wheat is milled into semolina, which has limited utilization. Soft kernel durum wheat was created by introgression of the puroindoline genes via homoeologous recombination. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the puroindoline genes and soft kernel texture on flour, water absorption, rheology, and baking quality of durum wheat. Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada, back‐cross derivatives of the durum varieties Svevo and Alzada, were compared with Svevo, a hard durum wheat, Xerpha, a soft white winter wheat, and Expresso, a hard red spring wheat. Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada exhibited soft kernel texture; low water, sodium carbonate, and sucrose solvent retention capacities (SRCs); and reduced dough water absorptions similar to soft wheat. These results indicate a pronounced effect of the puroindolines. Conversely, SDS flour sedimentation volume and lactic acid SRC of the soft durum samples were more similar to the Svevo hard durum and Expresso samples, indicating much less effect of kernel softness on protein strength measurements. Alveograph results were influenced by the inherent differences in water absorption properties of the different flours and their genetic background (e.g., W and P were markedly reduced in the Soft Svevo samples compared with Svevo, whereas the puroindolines appeared to have little effect on L). However, Soft Svevo and Soft Alzada differed markedly for W and L. Soft durum samples produced bread loaf volumes between the soft and hard common wheat samples but larger sugar‐snap cookie diameters than all comparison samples. The soft durum varieties exhibited new and unique flour and baking attributes as well as retaining the color and protein characteristics of their durum parents.
End Sequence Analysis Toolkit (ESAT) expands the extractable information from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Derr Alan , Yang Chaoxing , Zilionis Rapolas , Sergushichev Alexey , Blodgett David M. , Redick Sambra , Bortell Rita , Luban Jeremy , Harlan David M. , Kadener Sebastian , Greiner Dale L. , Klein Allon , Artyomov Maxim N. , Garber Manuel
Published: July 2016

RNA-seq protocols that focus on transcript termini are well suited for applications in which template quantity is limiting. Here we show that, when applied to end-sequencing data, analytical methods designed for global RNA-seq produce computational artifacts. To remedy this, we created the End Sequence Analysis Toolkit (ESAT). As a test, we first compared end-sequencing and bulk RNA-seq using RNA from dendritic cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As predicted by the telescripting model for transcriptional bursts, ESAT detected an LPS-stimulated shift to shorter 3′-isoforms that was not evident by conventional computational methods. Then, droplet-based microfluidics was used to generate 1000 cDNA libraries, each from an individual pancreatic islet cell. ESAT identified nine distinct cell types, three distinct β-cell types, and a complex interplay between hormone secretion and vascularization. ESAT, then, offers a much-needed and generally applicable computational pipeline for either bulk or single-cell RNA end-sequencing.
Crystal structure of AibC, a reductase involved in alternativede novoisovaleryl coenzyme A biosynthesis inMyxococcus xanthus
Authors: Bock Tobias , Müller Rolf , Blankenfeldt Wulf
Published: July 2016

Isovaleryl coenzyme A (IV-CoA) performs a crucial role during development and fruiting-body formation in myxobacteria, which is reflected in the existence of ade novobiosynthetic pathway that is highly upregulated when leucine, the common precursor of IV-CoA, is limited. The final step inde novoIV-CoA biosynthesis is catalyzed by AibC, a medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase. Here, the crystal structure of AibC fromMyxococcus xanthusrefined to 2.55 Å resolution is presented. The protein adopts two different conformations in the crystal lattice, which is a consequence of partial interaction with the purification tag. Based on this structure, it is suggested that AibC most probably uses a Zn2+-supported catalytic mechanism in which NADPH is preferred over NADH. Taken together, this study reveals structural details of the alternative IV-CoA-producing pathway in myxobacteria, which may serve as a base for further biotechnological research and biofuel production.
Crystal structure of racemic [(1R,2S,3R,4S,6S)-2,6-bis(furan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,3-diyl]bis(thiophen-2-ylmethanone). Corrigendum
Authors: Çelik Ísmail , Ersanlı Cem Cüneyt , Akkurt Mehmet , Gezegen Hayreddin , Köseoğlu Rahmi
Published: July 2016

In the paper by Çeliket al.[Acta Cryst.(2016), E72, 976–979], the name and affiliation of one of the authors is incorrect.
Supply chain practices and performance: the indirect effects of supply chain integration
Authors: Kaliani Sundram Veera Pandiyan , Chandran VGR , Awais Bhatti Muhammad
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to employ a newly developed framework to examine the complex relationship between different components of supply chain practices, supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain performance (SCP) in the Malaysian electronics sector.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study utilizes survey data of 156 electronics firms in Malaysia and tested the research framework and hypotheses. In addition to the traditional approach of Barron and Kenny (1986), the Sobel test as well as a bootstrapping approach, which is deemed for small sample size, is used to formally test the indirect effects of SCI in the model.

Findings

– SCI has fully and partially mediated the relationship between supply chain management practices (SCMPs) and SCP. SCI fully mediates the relationship between SCP and three of the SCMPs, namely, information quality, agreed vision and goals and postponement strategies. The relationship of supply strategic partnership, customer relation management, information sharing with SCP were partially mediated by SCI. Risk and reward sharing is found to be non-significant. These insights allow managers to effectively utilize the different components of SCMPs for SCI and performance.

Practical implications

– For supply chain practitioners, the results of the study can be useful in integrating SCMPs and SCI on improving SCP. Practitioners should take into account the mediating effect of SCI in designing their supply chain management approach to production.

Originality/value

– To the authors’ best knowledge, this paper is one of the first to address the mediating effect of SCI between SCMPs and overall performance of the supply chain.
A multicriteria model on calculating the Sustainable Business Excellence Index of a firm with fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS
Authors: Metaxas Ioannis N. , Koulouriotis Dimitrios E , Spartalis Stefanos H
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated methodology for benchmarking the sustainability of organizations. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods have been used for this purpose. The FAHP is used to determine the weights of the criteria by decision makers, and the rankings of the alternatives are determined by TOPSIS. The proposed instrument is used to calculate the Sustainable Business Excellence Index (SBEI) and its potential impact on the formulation of firm strategy. To demonstrate the applicability of the model, illustrative examples are presented.

Design/methodology/approach

– After a careful literature review, a sustainable business excellence framework is created and a fuzzy system is developed to assess firms’ sustainability. Finally, the SBEI is computed.

Findings

– The results indicate that the suggested fuzzy approach is feasible for benchmarking the sustainability of organizations. It allows the decision makers to express their opinion regarding the importance of criteria and evaluate each alternative and then have this input coordinated in a quantitative fashion.

Research limitations/implications

– Practitioners and consultants can use the instrument for conducting quality management benchmarking within and across organizations. Researchers can use the instrument in future studies for further theory development in this area.

Originality/value

– As far as the authors are aware, no previous study research has assessed the SBEI of an organization with fuzzy sets. As such, it responds to a number of contemporary challenges in the business excellence theory, most importantly the broad need to identify agile organizations.
Sustainable supply chain management in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Nurul Karimah , de Brito Marisa P. , Tavasszy Lóránt A.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to assess the sustainability reporting practices of oil and gas (O & G) companies and the integration of sustainability in the management of their supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

– A content analysis of sustainability report of 30 companies was conducted based on the Pacific Sustainability Index that contains 21 topics on social and environmental reporting. An analysis was also conducted on supply chain management (SCM) topics related to supplier management, product stewardship and logistics management.

Findings

– There is inconsistency in the sustainability reporting practices among the O & G companies studied. While 63 percent of the companies expressed higher environmental intent compared to social intent, their reporting of environmental performance is lagging behind social performance reporting. There is also a lack of supply chain indicators in the sustainability reporting guidelines. This affects the companies ability to report their supply chain practices objectively.

Practical implications

– The findings of this study can be used as a guideline to improve the sustainability reporting practices and to identify relevant supply chain indicators that can be incorporated in a sustainability reporting index.

Originality/value

– There is a lack of research on sustainability reporting practices in the O & G industry context, especially in terms of SCM. Previous studies focussed on companies in specific countries and/or do not incorporate all sustainability dimensions, namely, economic, environmental and social factor. We think that this is the first comprehensive study on the sustainability reporting practices and the integration of sustainability in SCM in the O & G industry.
Dynamic capabilities in fashion apparel industry: emergent conceptual framework
Authors: Wang Yi-Sheng
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reconfigure a new component of dynamic capabilities across firms, and to summarize propositions and to construct a conceptual framework of the dynamic capabilities in fashion apparel industry.

Design/methodology/approach

– The author used the interviews with the industry experts and trade association executives to develop an understanding of the strategic and technological issues facing the industry and to gain a historical perspective on the evolution of the industry.

Findings

– This study explored the establishment of dynamic capability and market competitiveness in the fashion apparel industry from the perspectives of dynamic capability and resources embedment, and brought out the insight that commonalities/component has been overlooked. The “conceptual framework of dynamic capabilities in fashion apparel industry” developed by this study, which consists of the major key factors for the maintenance of fast fashion apparel industry in market competitive advantage.

Research limitations/implications

– Although the five top fashion apparel groups interviewed in this study are representative, there are limits in classification of other brands, which is one of the limitations in this study. Second, although qualitative research can achieve understanding of the utmost layer of situations, its greatest limitation is that it cannot investigate massive amount of interviewees, which is a second limitation in this study.

Originality/value

– The theoretical contribution of the study is to construct a conceptual framework of dynamic capabilities in the fashion apparel industry using eight theoretical propositions. Such conceptual framework will become a basic knowledge system for firms in the fashion apparel industry to develop strategic directions, as well as an important knowledge reference to other firms when choosing what to establish as their core competences.
Latent gaps in business education attaining globalisation in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Jane Lu , Feng Chih-Hung , Hsu Cherie
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how globalised business programmes in higher education in Taiwan fills latent gaps between business education and the local job markets from viewpoints of teachers, students in higher education, and those working in the job markets within five years of graduation. The distinction in viewpoints from teachers, students, and graduates is valuable in examining how globalised business programmes in Taiwan help students in competitiveness in the local job markets.

Design/methodology/approach

– Six teachers (five males, one female) in business programmes from two national universities with teaching experiences ranging from 2 to 19 years were interviewed. Ten students (four males, six females) in business programmes from six universities ranging from junior to master’s level were interviewed. Nine people (five males, four females) who were working full-time in the local job markets within five years of graduation from business programmes were interviewed. A total of 25 subjects (14 males, 11 females) participated in the study.

Findings

– In course-related issues, students seem to have difficulties in understanding certain issues with different cultural background, and this affects teachers using textbooks and cases with USA or European standpoints. In applicability, some teachers believe it is students’ responsibilities to know how to apply what they have learned in school in practice. Those graduates who are working in local markets explained that in reality they do not apply much of what they have learned in globalised business programmes at work. In crossing over the gap, some teachers try to include local cases in teaching materials.

Research limitations/implications

– The argument in this study is not to lose the beauty of localisation in globalisation in business programmes in higher education. The latent gaps between globalised business programmes and local job markets can be crossed over with a strong foundation of training in theories in globalised business programmes plus some experiences obtained in working experiences.

Originality/value

– Findings in this study provided new insights into gaps between globalised business programmes and local job markets, and how it can be crossed over with a strong foundation of training in theories plus experiences obtained in practical training. Generic competence and transferable skills in local business operations ought to be included in globalised business programmes.
Patterns of public participation
Authors: Slutsky Jean , Tumilty Emma , Max Catherine , Lu Lanting , Tantivess Sripen , Hauegen Renata Curi , Whitty Jennifer A , Weale Albert , Pearson Steven D , Tugendhaft Aviva , Wang Hufeng , Staniszewska Sophie , Weerasuriya Krisantha , Ahn Jeonghoon , Cubillos Leonardo
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The paper summarizes data from 12 countries, chosen to exhibit wide variation, on the role and place of public participation in the setting of priorities. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit cross-national patterns in respect of public participation, linking those differences to institutional features of the countries concerned.

Design/methodology/approach

– The approach is an example of case-orientated qualitative assessment of participation practices. It derives its data from the presentation of country case studies by experts on each system. The country cases are located within the historical development of democracy in each country.

Findings

– Patterns of participation are widely variable. Participation that is effective through routinized institutional processes appears to be inversely related to contestatory participation that uses political mobilization to challenge the legitimacy of the priority setting process. No system has resolved the conceptual ambiguities that are implicit in the idea of public participation.

Originality/value

– The paper draws on a unique collection of country case studies in participatory practice in prioritization, supplementing existing published sources. In showing that contestatory participation plays an important role in a sub-set of these countries it makes an important contribution to the field because it broadens the debate about public participation in priority setting beyond the use of minipublics and the observation of public representatives on decision-making bodies.
Public involvement in health priority setting: future challenges for policy, research and society
Authors: Hunter David James , Kieslich Katharina , Littlejohns Peter , Staniszewska Sophie , Tumilty Emma , Weale Albert , Williams Iestyn
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the findings of this special issue and discusses the future challenges for policy, research and society. The findings suggest that challenges emerge as a result of legitimacy deficits of both consensus and contestatory modes of public involvement in health priority setting.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper draws on the discussions and findings presented in this special issue. It seeks to bring the country experiences and case studies together to draw conclusions for policy, research and society.

Findings

– At least two recurring themes emerge. An underlying theme is the importance, but also the challenge, of establishing legitimacy in health priority setting. The country experiences suggest that we understand very little about the conditions under which representative, or authentic, participation generates legitimacy and under which it will be regarded as insufficient. A second observation is that public participation takes a variety of forms that depend on the opportunity structures in a given national context. Given this variety the conceptualization of public participation needs to be expanded to account for the many forms of public participation.

Originality/value

– The paper concludes that the challenges of public involvement are closely linked to the question of how legitimate processes and decisions can be generated in priority setting. This suggests that future research must focus more narrowly on conditions under which legitimacy are generated in order to expand the understanding of public involvement in health prioritization.
Business strategy and firm performance: a multi-industry analysis
Authors: Anwar Jamil , Hasnu SAF
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the strategy-performance relationship in a multi-industry setting for joint stock firms operating in Pakistan using Miles and Snow typology. The impact of firm size and industry on performance along with strategy is also investigated. The empirical research evidence on strategy-performance relationship for Miles and Snow typology is updated as well.

Design/methodology/approach

– Scoring methodology is applied for identification of strategic types, including the reactor strategy. The consistency of the firms over time is also checked. Seven year archived financial data of 320 Pakistani joint stock firms from 12 industries are used for analysis. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance is used for analysis.

Findings

– Hybrid strategies are practiced by firms rather than pure strategies. The distribution of strategic types is uneven. There are mixed results for performance difference among strategic types for different industries and firm size. Defending and analyzing strategies are better than the prospecting strategies. Reactors performed better in some industries as well.

Originality/value

– Proposed scoring methodology can be applied to identify all strategic types including reactors in the longitudinal studies. This can be replicated for other typologies or strategic group classifications. The process for identification of reactor strategy through a consistency check is a unique contribution to the literature, especially when archived financial data are used.
Ambush marketing in sports: an attack on sponsorship or innovative marketing?
Authors: Nufer Gerd
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively characterise the interdisciplinary phenomenon of ambush marketing in sports, structure its manifestations, illustrate the consequences associated with ambush marketing and provide a critical evaluation from an objective perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Various approaches to the definition of ambush marketing are presented and the objectives pursued with ambush marketing are identified. In this paper a new approach has been developed to structure the strategies and manifestations of ambush marketing.

Findings

It is a fine line between creative marketing and infringing on sponsorship rights. So the interdisciplinary phenomenon ambush marketing is discussed controversially. Ambush marketing is situated at the intersection of two opposing spheres of interest conducting a battle for shares of the marketing potential of a sports event. On one side there is the disparaging view of ambush marketing founded on legal and/or ethical considerations. On the other, the author has the respectful assessment of ambushers characterised by their innovative, creative marketing.

Practical implications

The analysis conducted in this paper leads to the conclusion that a general evaluation or condemnation of ambush marketing is not feasible. A four-field matrix emerges from the combination of a legal-statutory consideration on one hand and an ethical-moral assessment on the other.

Originality/value

The paper describes and structures ambush marketing in a novel form and discusses illustrating examples from major sporting events. Ambush marketing is evaluated from a neutral perspective by summarising the opportunities and threats of ambush marketing which leads to a nuanced contemplation of ambush marketing.
Sponsorship networks: toward an innovative model
Authors: Chanavat Nicolas , Desbordes Michel , Dickson Geoff
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Sponsorship rarely occurs in a one sponsor-one sponsee dyad (single sponsorship), yet a large portion of sponsorship research takes this perspective. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model that reflects the complexity and rich diversity inherent in the field. The sponsorship network model considers the plurality of stakeholders to a sponsorship and their potential relationships to each other.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper develops a theoretical and conceptual framework to better identify the effect of sponsorship networks on consumer behavior.

Findings

Based on a review of the multiple sponsorships literature, the authors propose an innovative theoretical framework and a set of research propositions. The model considers simultaneously the potential relations between sponsors, sponsees and ambushers at the cognitive, affective and conative levels.

Originality/value

This research emphasizes the managerial implications for stakeholders involved in sponsorship and ambush marketing actions in order to maximize their investment. The model provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of sponsorship networks and their ability to influence consumer behaviors. These effects are more complex than is currently recognized.
Emodin ameliorates acute lung injury induced by severe acute pancreatitis through the up‐regulated expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung
Authors: Xu Junfeng , Huang Bo , Wang Yu , Tong Caiyu , Xie Peng , Fan Rong , Gao Zhenming
Published: July 2016

The present study investigates the ameliorating effects of emodin on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). An ALI rat model was constructed by sodium ursodeoxycholate and they were divided into four groups: SHAM, ALI, emodin and dexamethasone (DEX) (n=24 per group). Blood samples and lung tissues were collected 6, 12 and 24 hours after the induction of SAP‐associated ALI. Lung wet/dry ratio, blood gases, serum amylase and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured at each time point. The expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining, western blotting and real‐time PCR. As the results show, there were no statistical differences in the levels of serum amylase, lung wet/dry ratio, blood gases indexes, serum TNF‐α and pathological changes between emodin and DEX groups. However, significant differences were observed when compared with the ALI group. AQP1 and AQP5 expressions were significantly increased and lung oedemas were alleviated with the treatment of emodin and DEX. The expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 were significantly decreased in SAP‐associated ALI rats. Emodin up‐regulated the expression of AQP1 and AQP5, it could reduce pulmonary oedema and ameliorate SAP‐induced ALI. Regulations on AQP1 and AQP5 expression had a great value in clinical application.
Protest participation and economic crisis: The conditioning role of political opportunities
Authors: GRASSO MARIA T. , GIUGNI MARCO
Published: July 2016

The economic crisis that started in 2008 has negatively affected European nations to different degrees. The sudden rise in demonstrations particularly in those countries most hard hit by the crisis suggests that grievance theories, dismissed in favour of resource‐based models since the 1970s, might have a role to play in explaining protest behaviour. While most previous studies have tested these theories at the individual or contextual levels, it is likely that mechanisms at both levels are interrelated. To fill this lacuna, this article examines the ways in which individual‐level grievances interact with macro‐level factors to impact on protest behaviour. In particular, it examines whether the impact of individual subjective feelings of deprivation is conditional on contextual macroeconomic and policy factors. It is found that while individual‐level relative deprivation has a direct effect on the propensity to have protested in the last year, this effect is greater under certain macroeconomic and political conditions. Both significant results for the cross‐level interactions are interpreted in terms of their role for opening up political opportunities for protest among those who feel they have been most deprived in the current crisis. These findings suggest that the interaction of the contextual and individual levels should continue to be explored in future studies in order to further clarify the mechanisms underlying protest behaviour.
Non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Young Seo , Kim Hyun Young , Park Dong Woo , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Lee Young‐Jun
Published: July 2016

We describe two cases of non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and multifocal stenosis of the intracranial arteries. The patients' histories together with magnetic resonance angiography, vessel wall imaging and transcranial Doppler (TCD) indicated that the SAH was due to vasculitis or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). Differential diagnosis of vasculitis and RCVS is important because the treatment strategies are different: immunosuppressants in vasculitis and calcium channel blockers in RCVS. Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging and TCD can be helpful in differentiating them.
Factors influencing remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from Karnataka rheumatoid arthritis comorbidity (KRAC) study
Authors: Chandrashekara S. , Shobha Vineeta , Dharmanand B. G. , Jois Ramesh , Kumar Sharath , Mahendranath Kurugodu M. , Haridas Vikram , Prasad Shiva , Singh Yogesh , Daware Manisha A. , Swamy Anupama , Subramanian R. , Somashekar Srirama A. , Shanthappa Arun M. , Anupama K. R.
Published: July 2016

Aim

To study the prevalence of remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and the influence of different factors like literacy, socioeconomic status, presence of comorbidity and treatment strategy in achieving remission.

Methods

The study involved 1990 RA patients who were recruited for the Karnataka Rheumatoid arthritis comorbidity (KRAC) study. Based on the factors evaluated, the study participants were classified as follows: age, < 30 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years and ≥ 60 years; educational status, illiterate/no formal education, high school or less, graduate, post‐graduate and doctorate; family income (₹ per annum), < 50 000, 50–100 000, 100–500 000, and > 500 000; duration of illness prior (DOIP): ≤ 6 months, 6–24 months, 24–120 months and > 120 months. Joint counts were performed by a rheumatologist or trained joint assessor. To assess the treatment outcome, the disease activity score was calculated using the Disease activity Score of 28 joints – erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS 28–3 ESR).

Results

As per the DAS 28–3 ESR score, around 20% (n = 397) of the study subjects achieved remission. The corresponding mean ± SD of DAS 28–3 ESR noted for remission and non‐remission groups were 2.13 ± 0.42 and 4.32 ± 1.28. The majority of the patients were treated with double disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (60.7%). The likelihood of remission was found to be more in patients who reported DOIP ≤ 6 months. Furthermore, the chances of remission reduced with increase in patient's age and the highest remission rate was noted for 30–39 years age group (59%), followed by 40–49 years (35.4%) and 50–59 years (19.7%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of remission noted was around 20%. Early treatment, escalating dose of DMARDs, and patient counseling are important contributing factors for attaining remission.
Patritumab plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐overexpressing metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Mukai Hirofumi , Saeki Toshiaki , Aogi Kenjiro , Naito Yoichi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Shigekawa Takashi , Ueda Shigeto , Takashima Seiki , Hara Fumikata , Yamashita Tomonari , Ohwada Shoichi , Sasaki Yasutsuna
Published: July 2016

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) expression in lung and breast cancers has a negative impact on survival. Patritumab, a human anti‐HER3 mAb, has shown anticancer activity in preclinical models. This study examined the safety and pharmacokinetics of patritumab in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in patients with HER2‐overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. In this open‐label, multicenter, dose‐escalation, phase Ib study, patients received patritumab 9 or 18 mg/kg plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel at known tolerated doses. Safety and tolerability were assessed based on dose‐limiting toxicities and other non‐life threatening adverse events. The pharmacokinetic profile for patritumab was determined based on the target trough level. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the overall response rate and progression‐free survival. Six patients received patritumab 9 mg/kg and 12 received 18 mg/kg. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, alopecia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and maculopapular rash. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed. The target trough serum concentration was achieved in all patients at a dose of 18 mg/kg. Overall response rate was 38.9% and median progression‐free survival was 274 days. In conclusion, patritumab plus trastuzumab and paclitaxel was tolerable and efficacious at both doses. We recommend the dose level of 18 mg/kg for future phase II studies. (Clinical trial registration: JapicCTI‐121772.)