bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer‐guided calvarial mono‐cortical bone blocks harvest: A novel approach for three‐dimensional alveolar reconstruction of atrophic maxilla
Authors: Elhadidi Mohamed , Aldahouk Ahmed , Shawky Mohamed , Elbehairy Mohamed S. , Atef Mohammed , El‐Gengehi Mostafa
Published: January 2019

Background

Calvarial bone grafts have been one of the grafting options that provides predictable results for three‐dimensional reconstruction of severely atrophied ridges owing to their low resorption and rapid revascularization, thus providing adequate volume for implant insertion. The aim of this study was to introduce a computer‐guided technique for calvarial graft harvest to minimize the complications known with grafting from this donor site.

Materials and Methods

Eight patients, suffering from severely atrophied, completely edentulous maxillary ridges, with an age range (21‐30 years) were operated on (six males and two females). A custom‐made guide for each patient based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) was fabricated for harvesting the outer table cortical bone blocks from the parietal bone, then particulate bone was collected with an auto‐chip maker. Bilateral sinus lifting was indicated in all cases. The bone blocks were fixed intraorally and the bone particulates filled the gaps and the volume created by sinus lifting, then the whole complex was covered with collagen membranes fixed with titanium tacks. Immediate and 6 months CT were requested for evaluation of the guide accuracy and the graft integration, respectively.

Results

In all cases, the guide was found to accurately fit into its preplanned position and to correctly locate the anticipated harvest site with the needed dimensions of the bone blocks. No intraoperative complications were encountered such as breakage through the inner table or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Postoperatively, all the cases showed uneventual healing except one case that had an anterior dehiscence.

Conclusion

The computer‐guided calvarial bone blocks harvest from the parietal bone is safe and predictable technique for three‐dimensional reconstruction of severely atrophic edentulous maxilla.
Unmasking Antarctic mollusc lineages: novel evidence from philinoid snails (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea)
Authors: Moles Juan , Avila Conxita , Malaquias Manuel António E.
Published: January 2019

Since its introduction, the genus Philine has epitomized numerous mollusc snails with strong morphological convergence. Recently, a molecular analysis including a wide taxon sampling split this group into four non‐sister families. Although they are especially diverse in cold and deep waters, no comprehensive studies are available for the Antarctic counterparts. Here, our morpho‐anatomical and molecular data suggest major changes in the systematics of the group. From the eight known species, two are synonymized, Antarctophiline amoena with A. alata, and A. gouldi with A. gibba, and two are transferred to the genus Antarctophiline, namely A. apertissima comb.n. and A. falklandica comb.n. Two new species are described, A. easmithi sp.n. and A. amundseni sp.n. from different depths in the eastern Weddell Sea. The elusive P. antarctica from the Ross Sea was found in the Weddell Sea and Waegelea gen.n. is erected to place this species. Both phylogenetic and morphological data support the erection of Antarctophilinidae fam.n. to embrace most of the Philinoidea species described in the Southern Ocean. Only two species of Philinidae are found in Antarctic waters, Spiraphiline bathyalis gen. et sp.n. from bathyal depths in the Weddell Sea and S. kerguelensis comb.n. from the Kerguelen Islands. In light of the new data provided for all described species and the phylogenetic framework proposed herein, we briefly discuss the diversification and biogeographical patterns of Antarctic philinoid snails. Overall, antarctophilinid species seem to have restricted and grossly nonoverlapping distributions suggesting allopatric speciation connected possibly to geographical or bathymetric isolation.
On allegations of invasive species denialism
Authors: Munro David , Steer Jamie , Linklater Wayne
Published: January 2019

Science denialism retards evidenced‐based policy and practice and should be challenged. It has been a particular concern for mitigating global environmental issues, such as anthropogenic climate change. But allegations of science denialism must also be well founded and evidential or they risk eroding public trust in science and scientists. Recently, 77 published works by scholars, scientists, and science writers were identified as containing invasive species denialism (ISD; i.e., rejection of well‐supported facts about invasive species, particularly the global scientific consensus about their negative impacts). We reevaluated 75 of these works but could find no examples of refutation of scientific facts and only 5 articles with text perhaps consistent with one of the 5 characteristics of science denialism. We found, therefore, that allegations of ISD were misplaced. These accusations of science denialism may have arisen because invasion biology defines its subjects—invasive species—based on multiple subjective and normative judgments. Thus, more than other applied sciences its consensus is one of shared values as much as agreed knowledge. Criticisms of invasion biology have largely targeted those subjective and normative judgments and their global imposition, not the knowledge on which the discipline is based. Regrettably, a few invasion biologists have misinterpreted the critique of their values‐based consensus as a denial of their science when it is not. To make invasion biology a more robust and widely accepted science and to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and conflicts, invasion biologists could be more accepting of perspectives originating from other disciplines and more open to values‐based critique from scholars and scientists outside their field. This recommendation applies to all conservation sciences, especially those addressing global challenges, because these sciences must serve and be relevant to communities with an extraordinary diversity of cultures and values.
Zunahme von Skabies in Deutschland und Entwicklung resistenter Krätzemilben? Evidenz und Konsequenz
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Aebischer Anton , Neufeld Matthias , Löser Christoph , Kreuter Alexander , Bialek Ralf , Hamm Henning , Feldmeier Hermann
Published: January 2019

Die Diagnose Skabies wird in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren auffallend häufig gestellt, und der Verbrauch an Antiskabiosa ist deutlich gestiegen. Vorliegende Zahlen deuten auf eine Zunahme der Prävalenz/Inzidenz der Skabies hin, beweisen und quantifizieren sie aber nicht, da a) Skabies in Deutschland nicht meldepflichtig ist, b) die Diagnose nicht immer lege artis, also licht‐ oder auflichtmikroskopisch gesichert wird (somit möglicherweise ein relativ hoher Anteil falsch‐positiver Diagnosen in Folge der niedrigen Prävalenz von Skabies), und c) Mehrfachtherapien eines Patienten sowie Behandlung von Kontaktpersonen in die Gesamtzahl der Verordnungen einfließen. Dementsprechend liegen valide Zahlen weder aktuell noch aus früheren Zeiträumen vor. Basierend auf Beobachtungen, dass eine topische Therapie mit Permethrin nicht immer zur Heilung führt, wird zunehmend über eine mögliche Resistenz von Krätzemilben spekuliert. Hierfür gibt es jedoch bislang keinen klaren Beleg.

Wir diskutieren die Bedeutung von Risikogruppen (Kinder, ältere pflegebedürftige Menschen, Arbeitnehmerwanderungen im Pflegesektor, Schutzsuchende, sexuell aktive junge Erwachsene) und bewerten deren Bedeutung kritisch angesichts fehlender Evidenzen. Keine kann alleine für eine gestiegene Häufigkeit verantwortlich sein.

Wir haben Empfehlungen zusammengestellt, um die Behandlung der Skabies zu optimieren, und stellen Konzepte vor, um Anwendungsfehler und/oder mangelnde Compliance von einer Permethrin‐Resistenz zu unterscheiden. Ziel muss es sein bestehende epidemiologische und parasitologische Wissenslücken zu schließen.
Umfrage zur Situation der Teledermatologie in Österreich
Authors: Eber Elena Lucia , Janda Monika , Arzberger Edith , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer
Published: January 2019

Hintergrund

Die Nutzung digitaler Kommunikationsmittel gewinnt mit dem Ziel der Qualitätssteigerung und der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patienten in der Medizin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zur Optimierung der Telemedizin auf dem Gebiet der Dermatologie wurde österreichweit eine Umfrage bei Dermatologen durchgeführt.

Methodik

Es handelt sich um die statistische Auswertung eines von Dermatologen entworfenen Fragebogens, der an 769 österreichische Dermatologen ausgesandt wurde.

Ergebnisse

243 Dermatologen (w/m: 132/111) nahmen an der Umfrage teil. 47 % männliche und 55 % weibliche Dermatologen erhielten bereits Anfragen zur teledermatologischen Sprechstunde. 73,1 % konnten sich eine Entlastung des Gesundheitswesens durch die Teledermatologie vorstellen. Am zweckmäßigsten wurde die Telekommunikation zwischen Dermatologen und Experten beurteilt. Verlaufskontrollen wurden als gut geeignet für die Telemedizin empfunden, Erstdiagnostiken schnitten bedeutend schlechter ab. Etwa die Hälfte benutzte die Teledermatologie zum Einholen einer Zweitmeinung, ein Drittel in Form einer Erstvisite.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Großteil der befragten Dermatologen die Teledermatologie als zukünftige sinnvolle Ergänzung der derzeitigen Praxis einstuft. Nach Ansicht der Studienteilnehmer können vor allem im Bereich der Triage Anfahrten zum Krankenhaus und Wartezeiten vermindert werden, was zu einer Reduzierung von Kosten und einer Zeitersparnis der Patienten und Ärzten führt. Eine geregelte Kostenübernahme und rechtliche Regelung würde die Nutzung der Teledermatologie attraktiver machen.
Effects of lixisenatide on postprandial blood pressure, gastric emptying and glycaemia in healthy people and people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jones Karen L. , Rigda Rachael S. , Buttfield Madeline D.M. , Hatzinikolas Seva , Pham Hung T. , Marathe Chinmay S. , Wu Tongzhi , Lange Kylie , Trahair Laurence G. , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael
Published: January 2019

Aim

To evaluate the effects of the prandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on gastric emptying and blood pressure (BP) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow, and the glycaemic responses to a 75‐g oral glucose load in healthy people and those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Materials and methods

Fifteen healthy participants (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 67.2 ± 2.3 years) and 15 participants with T2DM (nine men, six women; mean ± SEM age 61.9 ± 2.3 years) underwent measurement of gastric emptying, BP, SMA flow and plasma glucose 180 minutes after a radiolabelled 75‐g glucose drink on two separate days. All participants received lixisenatide (10 μg subcutaneously) or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover fashion 30 minutes before the glucose drink.

Results

Lixisenatide slowed gastric emptying (retention at 120 minutes, P < 0.01), attenuated the rise in SMA flow (P < 0.01) and markedly attenuated the decrease in systolic BP (area under the curve [AUC] 0‐120 minutes, P < 0.001) compared to placebo in healthy participants and those with T2DM. Plasma glucose (incremental AUC 0‐120 minutes) was greater in participants with T2DM (P < 0.005) than in healthy participants, and lower after lixisenatide in both groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In healthy participants and those with T2DM, the marked slowing of gastric emptying of glucose induced by lixisenatide was associated with attenuation of the increments in glycaemia and SMA flow and decrease in systolic BP. Accordingly, lixisenatide may be useful in the management of postprandial hypotension.
Mechanistic insights into atrial functional mitral regurgitation: Far more complicated than just left atrial remodeling
Authors: Silbiger Jeffrey J.
Published: January 2019

Recent studies lend credibility to the notion that lone atrial fibrillation (AF) can cause functional mitral regurgitation (MR), commonly referred to as atrial functional MR (AF‐MR). The conventional view holds that left atrial enlargement associated with AF causes annular dilatation which gradually moves the mitral valve leaflets apart resulting in inadequate coaptation and regurgitation. Recent findings, however, suggest that AF‐MR is not solely related to left atrial remodeling, but that important structural and functional abnormalities of the left ventricle also play a role in its pathogenesis.
Pestalotiopsis biciliata, a new leaf pathogen ofEucalyptusspp. recorded in Italy
Authors: Morales‐Rodríguez Carmen , Dalla Valle Matteo , Aleandri MariaPia , Vannini Andrea
Published: January 2019

The present paper describes new symptoms onEucalyptusspp. in Central Italy associated with the fungal pathogenPestalotiopsis biciliata. This fungal species has been previously recorded in Italy on grape associated with fruit rot. Artificial inoculation trials on leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus toEucalyptus camaldulensis.P. biciliatais included in the list ofPestalotiopsisspp. responsible for leaf disease on eucalypts worldwide.
Fish and flow management in the Murray–Darling Basin: Directions for research
Authors: Koehn John D. , Balcombe Stephen R. , Zampatti Brenton P.
Published: January 2019

Effective natural resource management requires knowledge exchange between researchers and managers to support evidence‐based decision‐making. To achieve this, there is a need to align research with management and policy needs. This project aimed to identify the flow‐related ecological knowledge needs for freshwater fish to better inform environmental water management in the Murray–Darling Basin, south‐eastern Australia. Our major objective was to provide an up‐to‐date assessment of scientific research and integrate this with the knowledge requirements of relevant managers to guide future research. We reviewed the contemporary scientific literature and engaged managers specifically responsible for delivering flows for fish outcomes via a questionnaire and workshop. Research on fishes of the MDB has generally evolved from single locations and/or times to larger spatio‐temporal scales, including multiple sites, rivers and catchments. There has also been a trend from single life stage studies to incorporation of multiple life stages and population processes. There remain, however, significant deficiencies in knowledge for most native species, many of which are threatened. Four agreed key knowledge gaps were derived from the literature review and managers’ suggestions: (i) population dynamics, (ii) movement, dispersal and connectivity, (iii) survival and recruitment to adults and (iv) recruitment drivers. To inform policy and management, managers desired timely advice, based on robust research and monitoring. Fish species of most relevance to managers were those highly regarded by community stakeholders and whose life histories and population dynamics are potentially influenced by flow. Populations of these mostly large‐bodied, angling species (e.g. Murray Cod, Golden Perch and Silver Perch) have declined, often due to river regulation and, in conjunction with managers’ priorities, are relevant candidates for research to support the management of flow to rehabilitate fish populations in the MDB.
Space use patterns of the burrowing echimyid rodent,Clyomys laticeps
Authors: Ferrando Claire Pauline Röpke , Lamberto Jenifer Martins , Leiner Natália Oliveira
Published: January 2019

Space use patterns of a population are a result of the set of movements of its individuals, which are directly influenced by their attributes and environmental conditions. Understanding space use patterns and its determinants may give us insights about a species’ ecology, social and mating systems. Although echimyid rodents display a variety of mating and social systems, movements of burrowing species are poorly studied due to their cryptic habits. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the effects of body mass, sex, and palm fruit availability on space use patterns of the burrowing echimyidClyomys laticeps, by measuring their daily home range (DHR) and intensity of habitat use. In 9 months of study in a “cerrado campo sujo” site, we tracked 14 adults with the spool‐and‐line in a backpack method. Adult males had larger DHR size than females, probably as a response to greater body mass and reproductive behavior. Furthermore, adult females had greater intensity of habitat use, presenting site fidelity, which can be due to offspring care as a response to non‐seasonal reproduction observed in our study and/or due to nest site defense strategy to avoid energetic costs associated with burrow construction. Differently from expected, food availability (i.e.,Allagoptera campestrispalm fruits) had no influence on the space use patterns ofC. laticeps. As in other herbivorous rodents, shifts in proportion of consumed food items according to their availability may explain the lack of this influence in our study. Our findings suggest that space use patterns ofC. laticepsare mainly explained by behavioral and physiological differences between sexes, including body mass and reproductive strategies. Additionally, larger male movements and female site fidelity suggest a solitary behavior and a polygynous mating system, although further studies regarding spatial organization and genetic structure are necessary to support these suggestions.
Low‐cycle fatigue life of thin‐plate auxetic cellular structures made from aluminium alloy 7075‐T651
Authors: Tomažinčič Dejan , Nečemer Branko , Vesenjak Matej , Klemenc Jernej
Published: January 2019

In the article, the low‐cycle fatigue life durability of thin‐plate auxetic cellular structures is compared with the thin‐plate specimens of standard shape. Both the re‐entrant auxetic cellular structures and the standard specimens were cut from a 2‐mm‐thick strip of aluminium alloy 7075‐T651. First, a fatigue life curve and a cyclic curve were determined for the standard specimens. A special antibuckling device was applied to prevent the bending of the specimens. The same experimental arrangement was then applied to determine the low‐cycle fatigue life of auxetic structures. In the continuation, the most appropriate method was selected to calculate the fatigue life on the basis of the measured fatigue life curves. Abaqus and SIMULIA fe‐safe software were applied for this purpose. The best predictions for the standard specimens were obtained with the Brown‐Miller method. Finally, the selected method was applied to predict the low‐cycle fatigue life of re‐entrant auxetic cellular specimens.
OXTR methylation modulates exogenous oxytocin effects on human brain activity during social interaction
Authors: Chen Xu , Nishitani Shota , Haroon Ebrahim , Smith Alicia K. , Rilling James K.
Published: January 2019

Oxytocin (OT) effects on brain function and behavior are mediated by the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The distribution of OXTR in the brain can profoundly influence social behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation of OXTR influences OXTR expression. Previously, we conducted a pharmaco‐functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study in which healthy subjects were randomized to 24 IU intranasal OT or placebo and imaged with fMRI while playing a dyadic social interaction task known as the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game with same‐sex partners. Here, we investigate whether DNA methylation of OXTR modulates the effect of intranasal OT on the neural response to positive and negative social interactions in the PD game. OXTR methylation did not modulate OT effects within brain regions where we previously reported OT effects in response to reciprocated (caudate nucleus) and unreciprocated cooperation (amygdala and anterior insula). However, OXTR methylation did modulate OT effects on the response to both reciprocated and unreciprocated cooperation in other brain regions such as the precuneus and visual cortex. Further restricting the analysis to OXTR rs53576 GG individuals revealed that OXTR methylation modulated OT effects on the precuneus response to reciprocated cooperation in men, the lateral septum response to reciprocated cooperation in women, and the visual cortex response to unreciprocated cooperation in men. These results suggest that OXTR methylation status may influence OT effects on mentalizing, attention and reward processing during social interactions. OXTR methylation may be important to consider if exogenous OT is used to treat social behavioral disorders in the future.
Physician's perception leading to the transfer of a dying nursing home resident to an emergency department: A French qualitative study
Authors: Kouyoumdjian Valentin , Perceau‐Chambard Elise , Sisoix Corinne , Filbet Marilène , Tricou Colombe
Published: January 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study was to find out physicians’ perceptions about the transfer of dying nursing home residents to emergency departments.

Method

This qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews, and data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Participants were medical directors of nursing homes who were informed by e‐mail and included when they agreed to take part in our study.

Results

We interviewed 12 medical directors until data saturation. The following themes emerged: (i) related to the resident – difficulties in identifying the end of life, refractory symptoms and lack of knowledge of the resident's wishes; (ii) related to the family – denial of the end of life/fear of death, lack of confidence in the nursing home and conflict among family members; (iii) related to the nursing staff – fear of death, lack of communication, lack of training, lack of staff (especially of nurses during the nightshift) and use of temporary employees; and (iv) related to the physicians – lack of anticipation of the end of life situation, difficulty in accessing some drugs, inadequate working hours in the nursing home, conflicting medical opinions of the GP and medical director, and lack of training on palliative care issues.

Conclusions

These results suggest many ways of reducing the transfer of dying residents to emergency departments through palliative care training, and communication about advance care planning. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 249–253.
Migrainous Infarction in a Patient With Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine and Cystic Fibrosis: A 99mTc‐HMPAO Brain SPECT Study
Authors: Mancini Valentina , Mastria Giulio , Frantellizzi Viviana , Troiani Patrizia , Zampatti Stefania , Carboni Stefania , Giardina Emiliano , Campopiano Rosa , Gambardella Stefano , Turchi Federica , Petolicchio Barbara , Toscano Massimiliano , Liberatore Mauro , Viganò Alessandro , Di Piero Vittorio
Published: January 2019

Genetic mutations of sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) are mostly unknown. SHM pathophysiology relies on cortical spreading depression (CSD), which might be responsible for ischemic brain infarction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a monogenic mutation of the chlorine transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), possibly altering brain excitability. We describe the case of a patient with CF, who had a migrainous stroke during an SHM attack. A 32‐year‐old Caucasian male was diagnosed with CF, with heterozygotic delta F508/unknown CFTR mutation. The patient experiences bouts of coughing sometimes triggering SHM attacks with visual phosphenes, aphasia, right‐sided paresthesia, and hemiparesis. He had a 48‐hour hemiparesis triggered by a bout of coughing with hemoptysis, loss of consciousness, and severe hypoxia‐hypercapnia. MRI demonstrated transient diffusion hyperintensity in the left frontal‐parietal‐occipital regions resulting in a permanent infarction in the primary motor area. Later, a brain perfusion SPECT showed persistent diffuse hypoperfusion in the territories involved in diffusion‐weighted imaging alteration. Migrainous infarction, depending on the co‐occurrence of 2 strictly related phenomena, CSD and hypoxia, appears to be the most plausible explanation. Brain SPECT hypoperfusion suggests a more extensive permanent neuronal loss in territories affected by aura. CF may be then a risk factor for hemiplegic migraine and stroke since bouts of coughing can facilitate brain hypoxia, triggering auras.
Risk factors for loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Sung Ji Hyun , Uojima Haruki , Hidaka Hisashi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Wada Naohisa , Kubota Kousuke , Nakazawa Takahide , Shibuya Akitaka , Fujikawa Tomoaki , Yamanoue Hiroki , Kako Makoto , Koizumi Wasaburo
Published: January 2019

Aim

The present study aimed to assess the correlation between loss of skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and the clinical characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

This multicenter, prospective study was undertaken at five locations in Japan and involved a 12‐month observation period. After baseline assessment, the change in the skeletal muscle index per year (ΔSMI/y) was evaluated in the enrolled patients; LSMM was defined as ΔSMI/y < 0. We evaluated the relationships between LSMM and baseline clinical characteristics in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Results

A total of 166 patients with cirrhosis were enrolled and, of these, 123 patients (74.1%) showed LSMM. Multivariate analysis confirmed that hepatic encephalopathy, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) (≥1.86), age (≥60 years), and grip strength (<18 kg for women and <26 kg for men) were independent predictors of skeletal muscle decline (P = 0.042, odds ratio [OR] 8.997, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.083–74.71; P = 0.023, OR 3.970, 95% CI 1.468–6.177; P = 0.037, OR 2.526, 95% CI 1.056–6.045; and P = 0.002, OR 3.970, 95% CI 1.691–9.322, respectively).

Conclusions

Advanced age, low grip strength, hepatic encephalopathy, and high WFA+‐M2BP might be risk factors for LSMM in liver cirrhosis patients.
When Shaming Is Shameful: Double Standards in Online Shame Backlashes
Authors: Adkins Karen
Published: January 2019

Recent defenses of shaming as an effective tool for identifying bad practice and provoking social change appear compatible with feminism. I complicate this picture by examining two instances of online feminist shaming that resulted in shame backlashes. Shaming requires the assertion of social and epistemic authority on behalf of a larger community, and is dependent upon an audience that will be receptive to the shaming testimony. In cases where marginally situated knowers attempt to “shame up,” it presents challenges for feminist uses.
Sintering behavior of magnesium aluminate spinel MgAl2O4 synthesized by different methods
Authors: Mouyane Mohamed , Jaber Basamat , Bendjemil Badis , Bernard Jérôme , Houivet David , Noudem Jacques G.
Published: January 2019

This paper is focusing basically on the ceramic technology, of which several methods for the synthesis of MgAl2O4 have been investigated. The synthesis conditions regarding the powders cleanliness, microstructure, and sintering parameters of MgAl2O4 were studied. MgAl2O4 powder was synthesized via conventional solid‐state route using different milling process: vertical attrition milling, WAB as a high‐energy horizontal attrition milling, and Pulverisette as a planetary ball miller, and via solution combustion route using Urea, Glycine, and a mixture of Urea/Glycine. Urea and Glycine was used as fuel. The white powders were obtained for all solid‐state routes and for Urea‐combustion technique. The black and gray powders were obtained in the case of combustion technique, respectively, using a fuel of Glycine and Glycine/Urea mixture. The obtained powders and pellets were characterized by XRD, SEM, and Dilatometry. The results show that, among all the solid‐state route processes, wet attrition milling gives the better and clean spinel phase. The WAB milling and Pulverisette miller introduce a contamination by some yttria‐stabilized zirconia balls in the corresponding powder. Furthermore, the flash combustion technique permit to have nanoparticles with a dense spinel phase of MgAl2O4 and with lower sintering temperature in less time and with no calcination step.
Ethnic and language influence on parents’ perception of paediatric behaviour management techniques
Authors: Theriot Adrien L. , Gomez Laura , Chang Chieh‐Ting , Badger Gary R. , Herbert Amy‐Kristina , Cardenas Vasquez Juan M. , Cardenas Antonio D. , Chiquet Brett T.
Published: January 2019

Background

Parental preference for various behaviour management techniques (BMTs) used in paediatric dentistry has been shown to be influenced by many factors, including ethnicity.

Aim

To measure parental acceptability of BMTs used in paediatric dentistry and how it is influenced by ethnicity and language.

Design

Parents of patients presenting to a paediatric dentistry residency clinic in Houston, Texas, USA or Medellín, Colombia watched ten video BMT vignettes and rated their acceptance on a visual analog scale (VAS). Participants were categorized into six groups based on language, ethnicity, and country of residence.

Results

Parental acceptance of BMTs was affected by language, ethnicity, and country of residence (P = 2.2 × 10−16). Ethnic groups in the USA had a mean overall acceptance rate of all BMTs. Colombians rated all BMTs less acceptable than the US cohorts (P < 0.05), with the exception of voice control, which Colombians rate less acceptable than English‐speaking Caucasians and Spanish‐speaking Hispanics in the USA (P < 0.05). The Colombian population were not accepting of conscious sedation, nitrous oxide, general anaesthesia, and protective stabilization.

Conclusions

Parents from different ethnic groups express different preferences in BMTs. Parents continue to prefer noninvasive techniques over pharmacologic and advanced techniques, with the exception of voice control.
On a relaxed maximally disjoint path pair problem: a bicriteria approach
Authors: Pascoal Marta M. B. , Clímaco João C. N.
Published: January 2019

In some application areas in telecommunication and transportation networks, there are problems requiring the determination of pairs of paths, aiming at minimizing the number of links, or link groups that they share, and their total cost. In this paper, a new bicriteria algorithm is proposed to deal with this problem. The algorithm is based on ranking pairs of paths by order of the total cost, using an adaptation of a path‐ranking algorithm, after a suitable modification of the network topology. Nondominated solutions are then filtered by means of a dominance test. First, computational experiments are reported in order to assess the efficiency of the algorithm to calculate the whole set of nondominated pairs of paths. Second, we present computational results focused on the nondominated solutions close to the maximal disjoint pair (i.e., quasi‐disjoint pairs only, for a predefined admissible relaxation value) because in some application problems, such as shared risk link group pairs of paths, only those solutions have practical relevance.
The impact of perceived calling on work outcomes in a nursing context: The role of career commitment and living one’s calling
Authors: Afsar Bilal , Umrani Waheed Ali , Khan Awais
Published: January 2019

The current study examined the impact of perceived calling on nurses’ organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, workplace deviant behavior, and turnover intentions. Moreover, the mediating role of career commitment and the moderating role of living a calling are also investigated. This paper posits a mediated moderation model wherein calling and living a calling interact to predict organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, workplace deviant behavior, and turnover intentions with career commitment mediating the effect of the interaction on the three outcome variables. Data were collected from 294 registered nurses who had worked for a minimum of 6 months in the public or private health care system. Correlation and regression analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Living a calling moderated the effect of calling on career commitment, such that these relations were more robust for nurses with a stronger sense of living a calling. Furthermore, career commitment fully mediated the effect of calling on organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, workplace deviant behavior, and turnover intentions. The indirect effects of career commitment were only significant for nurses with high levels of living a calling. These results imply that possessing a sense of calling brings greater career commitment, which evidently leads to stronger organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors, and lower workplace deviant behavior and turnover intentions. More specifically, nurse's sense of calling could lead to voluntary acts of helping colleagues and participation in organizational activities due to features associated with having a sense of calling, including pro‐social intention and other‐oriented thoughts. Calling might also decrease turnover intentions and deviant behaviors among nurses. Research about the dynamics of calling in nursing and medical professionals is limited. Recognizing the need, the present research has widened the scope of calling research by investigating the relationships between calling and various work‐related variables within Asian nursing context.
Preparation and photoluminescence enhancement of Au nanoparticles with ultra‐broad plasmonic absorption in glasses
Authors: Yu Chengye , Yang Zhengwen , Zhao Jingyuan , Huang Anjun , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Zhou Dacheng , Liu Bitao
Published: January 2019

The metal nanoparticles with ultra‐broad localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) absorption have been widely used to enhance the up conversion luminescence (UCL) of rare‐earth doped nanoparticles. However, there have been no reports on the preparation of metal nanoparticles with the ultra‐broad LSPR in the glasses. In this work, the gold nanoparticles with the ultra‐broad LSPR were prepared for the first time in the rare‐earth doped tellurite glasses by the high‐temperature melting method, and the influence of ultra‐broad LSPR on the UCL of Er3+–Yb3+ and Er3+–Yb3+–Nd3+ co‐doped tellurite glasses was investigated upon 980 and 808 nm excitation, respectively. With the precipitation of the Au NPs, about seven and 12‐fold enhancements were obtained for the green and red UCL of Er3+–Yb3+ co‐doped tellurite glasses excited at 980 nm, respectively, and about 5.9 and sevenfold enhancements were observed for the green and red UCL of Er3+–Yb3+–Nd3+ co‐doped tellurite glasses excited at 808 nm, respectively. The UCL mechanism related to UCL enhancement was confirmed. The results demonstrated that the enhanced excitation field and the increasing rate of radiative decay were responsible for the enhancement of UCL.
European Duties of Social Justice: A Kantian Framework
Authors: Claassen R.J.G. (Rutger)
Published: January 2019

This contribution asks how to approach the question of whether the European Union should – replacing or supplementing member states – also be a locus of social justice‐based duties to provide welfare state services. The contribution scrutinizes two important theories of global justice (cosmopolitan and relational theories) and finds that their normative assumptions hinder them from adequately addressing this question. A new theory is proposed, inspired by Immanuel Kant's political philosophy. The core idea is that social justice requires public authorities to protect citizens against private forms of coercion; and that the level (national, European, global) at which such authority needs to be exercised depends on which arrangement best protects citizens' rights to independence. The paper outlines several duties of global justice to give specificity to this general principle, and then applies them to the case of integrating European welfare states.
Cell therapy for orofacial bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Suliman Salwa , Pandis Nikolaos , Stavropoulos Andreas , Sanz Mariano , Mustafa Kamal
Published: January 2019

Aim

The objective of the present review was to answer the focused question: what is the effect of cell therapy in terms of orofacial bone regeneration compared to grafting with only biomaterial scaffolds and/or autogenous bone?

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for relevant controlled clinical and pre‐clinical (large‐animal) studies. Separate meta‐analyses of quantitative data regarding histological or radiographic new bone formation were performed.

Results

Forty‐seven eligible clinical and 57 pre‐clinical studies were included. Clinical studies were categorized based on the use of “minimally manipulated” whole tissues (e.g., bone marrow) or ex vivo expanded cells from “uncommitted” (bone marrow, adipose tissue) or “committed” sources (periosteum, bone). Based on limited and heterogeneous clinical evidence, implantation of cells (mostly whole bone marrow), in combination with biomaterial scaffolds results in bone regeneration which is (a) superior compared to implantation of scaffolds alone in sinus and horizontal ridge augmentation, and (b) comparable to autogenous bone in alveolar cleft repair.

Conclusions

Although current evidence points to the benefits of cell therapy in certain clinical indications, it is unclear whether the use of ex vivo expanded cells, either uncommitted or committed, is superior to whole tissue fractions in terms of bone regeneration. The relatively larger effect sizes in favour of cell therapy observed in pre‐clinical studies are diminished in clinical trials. Future controlled studies should include cost‐effectiveness analyses to guide clinical decision‐making.
The critical interplay between bone resorbing and bone forming cells
Authors: Lerner Ulf H. , Kindstedt Elin , Lundberg Pernilla
Published: January 2019

Aim

In this article, the interplay between bone resorbing and bone forming cells is reviewed.

Method

This review examines the comprehensive literature on the interaction between bone resorption and bone formation.

Results

Coupling between bone resorption and bone formation refers to the process within basic multicellular units, in which osteoclastic bone resorption is met by the differentiation of osteoblasts and their bone forming activity. There are many possible signalling molecules that contribute to coupling at the asynchronously working remodelling sites throughout our skeleton. These include growth factors released from the bone matrix during bone resorption, soluble and membrane products of the osteoclasts and their precursors and signals from osteocytes.

Conclusions

In this review, we describe the potential roles of a number of these factors, whose interactions are essential for a tight control of coupling within individual remodelling units, in order to control skeletal mass. Both pre‐clinical evidence and clinical evidence pinpoint that molecules in the WNT signalling pathway could be promising bone augmentation therapeutic targets. Regarding oral implications, there is support, from preclinical studies in rats, that anti‐sclerostin antibodies can restore alveolar bone mass.
Long‐term effectiveness of maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raghoebar Gerry M. , Onclin Pieter , Boven G. Carina , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A.
Published: January 2019

Aim

To assess the long‐term effectiveness (≥5 years) of maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) procedures applying the lateral window technique and to determine possible differences in outcome between simultaneous and delayed implant placement, partially and fully edentulous patients and grafting procedures.

Materials and methods

MEDLINE (1950–May 2018), EMBASE (1966–May 2018) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1800–May 2018) were searched. Inclusion criteria were prospective studies with follow‐up ≥5 years and a residual bone height ≤6 mm. Outcome measures included implant loss, peri‐implant bone level change, suprastructure survival, patient‐reported outcome measures and overall complications. Data were pooled and analysed using a random effects model.

Results

Out of 2,873 selected articles, 11 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis revealed a weighted annual implant loss of 0.43% (95% CI: 0.37%–0.49%). Meta‐regression analysis did not reveal significant differences in implant loss neither between edentulous and dentate patients nor implants placed simultaneously with or delayed after MSFA, nor implants placed in MSFA using solely autologous bone or bone substitutes. The results of the other outcome measures were favourable, and overall complications were low.

Conclusion

MSFA is a reliable procedure in the partially and fully edentulous maxilla for support of dental implants.
SSU‐rRNA Gene Sequencing Survey of Benthic Microbial Eukaryotes from Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent
Authors: Pasulka Alexis , Hu Sarah K. , Countway Peter D. , Coyne Kathryn J. , Cary Stephen C. , Heidelberg Karla B. , Caron David A.
Published: January 2019

Microbial eukaryotes have important roles in marine food webs, but their diversity and activities in hydrothermal vent ecosystems are poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed microbial eukaryotic communities associated with bacterial (Beggiatoa) mats in the 2,000 m deep‐sea Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent system using 18S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing of the V4 region. We detected 6,954 distinct Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) across various mat systems. Of the sequences that aligned with known protistan phylotypes, most were affiliated with alveolates (especially dinoflagellates and ciliates) and cercozoans. OTU richness and community structure differed among sediment habitats (e.g. different mat types and cold sediments away from mats). Additionally, full‐length 18S rRNA genes amplified and cloned from single cells revealed the identities of some of the most commonly encountered, active ciliates in this hydrothermal vent ecosystem. Observations and experiments were also conducted to demonstrate that ciliates were trophically active and ingesting fluorescent bacteria or Beggiatoa trichomes. Our work suggests that the active and diverse protistan community at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent ecosystem likely consumes substantial amounts of bacterial biomass, and that the different habitats, often defined by distances of just a few 10s of cm, select for particular assemblages and levels of diversity.
Impact of pretreatment‐assisted enzymatic extraction on recovery, physicochemical and rheological properties of oil from Labeo rohita head
Authors: Bruno Siewe Fabrice , Kudre Tanaji G. , Bhaskar N.
Published: January 2019

Effects of pretreatments, namely heating (HT), microwave (MW), and ultrasound (US) followed by the enzymatic extraction on extraction yield, fatty acid profile (FAP), oxidative stability, and rheological properties of oil from Labeo rohita head (LRH) were investigated. MW and US pretreatments showed higher oil recoveries ranged from 68.45 to 69.75% and 58.74 to 67.48%, respectively, as compared to untreated LRH. US pretreatment enhanced the content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid of LRH oil. Furthermore, MW pretreatment reduced the stability of LRH oil, while US pretreatment did not affect the oxidative stability of LRH oil as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and peroxide value, anisidine value, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, and free fatty acid values. Besides, all oils behaved as Newtonian fluids. US extracted oil has shown both the lowest apparent viscosity and sensitivity to temperature change (Ea = 29.74 kJ/mol). Therefore, MW or US‐assisted enzymatic extraction of LRH oil could be a good alternative to conventional enzymatic extraction.

Practical applications

Microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) pretreatments improved the extraction yield of oil significantly from Labeo rohita head (fish byproduct) compared to conventional enzymatic extraction. The oil extracted by US pretreatment was found to have a high content in unsaturated fatty acids and higher oxidative stability over enzymatic extracted oil. Thus, the results revealed that the MW or US‐assisted enzymatic extraction was a promising method for the improvement of the extraction yield of Labeo rohita head oil with high quality.
Profile of inspectors and protocols applied to imported food in inspections stations
Authors: Maldonado‐Simán Ema , Martínez‐Hernández Pedro A. , Zaragoza‐Ramírez José L. , Rodríguez‐de Lara Raymundo
Published: January 2019

To characterize food inspection agents, facilities and protocols in the importation of food, a questionnaire was applied to agents at six Mexico's entry ports, 91 (76%) agents returned complete questionnaires. Data analysis was by χ2. Over 80% of agents had bachelor's degree; 75% with two or less years on the job; 81%, 35 years old or younger; and, 52 to 79% examined other products besides food of animal origin. Over 60% of the agents took more than 20 minutes for document and shipment inspections and 10% run their inspections at temperatures above the recommended for food conservation with 33% of them unaware of the negative consequences in food safety when breaking food cold chain at the inspection process. Six sources of food cold chain break while under inspection were identified. Agents require further training on maintenance and importance of food cold chain and protocols should be improved.

Practical applications

The core of this study is to provide a discussion of the profile of Mexican food inspectors, facilities, and implementation of inspection protocols related to the maintenance of the food cold chain, to define a baseline upon which the need of training on specific strategies of shipment handling to keep food safety and quality.
Factors Influencing Emergency Care by Persons With Dementia: Stakeholder Perceptions and Unmet Needs
Authors: Jacobsohn Gwen Costa , Hollander Matthew , Beck Aaron P. , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Werner Nicole , Shah Manish N.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

People with dementia (PwD) frequently use emergency care services. To mitigate the disproportionately high rate of emergency care use by PwD, an understanding of contributing factors driving reliance on emergency care services and identification of feasible alternatives are needed. This study aimed to identify clinician, caregiver, and service providers' views and experiences of unmet needs leading to emergency care use among community‐dwelling PwD and alternative ways of addressing these needs.

DESIGN

Qualitative, employing semistructured interviews with clinicians, informal caregivers, and aging service providers.

SETTING

Wisconsin, United States.

PARTICIPANTS

Informal caregivers of PwD (n = 4), emergency medicine physicians (n = 4), primary care physicians (n = 5), geriatric healthcare providers (n = 5), aging service providers (n = 6), and community paramedics (n = 3).

MEASUREMENTS

Demographic characteristics of participants and data from semistructured interviews.

FINDINGS

Four major themes were identified from interviews: (1) system fragmentation influences emergency care use by PwD, (2) informational, decision‐making, and social support needs influence emergency care use by PwD, (3) emergency departments (EDs) are not designed to optimally address PwD and caregiver needs, and (4) options to prevent and address emergency care needs of PwD.

CONCLUSION

Participants identified numerous system and individual‐level unmet needs and offered many recommendations to prevent or improve ED use by PwD. These novel findings, aggregating the perspectives of multiple dementia‐care stakeholder groups, serve as the first step to developing interventions that prevent the need for emergency care or deliver tailored emergency care services to this vulnerable population through new approaches. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:711–718, 2019.