bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA MELALUI PROSES TRANS-ESTERIFIKASI
Authors: Pardi Pardi , Satriananda Satriananda
Published: May 2019

Ethyl ester and gliserol produce by reacting coconut oil with ethanol. Ethyl ester also called biodiesel, because it has a close characteristic with diesel oil. The source of biodiesel come from natural plants that contain oil. This research used trans-esterification method to produce biodiesel from coconut oil. Reaction held by varying temperatur at 60oC, 70oC and 80 oC and mol ratio of coconut oil to ethanol varying from 1 : 3, 1 : 5 to 1 : 7. The result shows the range of kinematic viscosity laying between 1,498 – 1,650 cm2/s, density range 0,809 – 0,812 gr/cm3 and flash point range 78 – 79 oC. Maximum yield 64 % ethyl ester reach at mol ratio coconut oil to ethanol 1: 7 and reaction temperature 70oC.Key words : biodiesel, trans-esterification reaction, coconut oil and ethyl ester.
PENGARUH SUDUT ATAP CEROBONG TERHADAP DISTRIUSI TEMPERATUR PADA RUANG PENGERING BERTINGKAT DAN KARAKTERISTIK PERPINDAHAN PANAS
Authors: Juhan Nawawi , Syarif Jenne
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh sudut atap cerobong terhadap keseragaman distribusi temperatur di setiap rak yang terdapat dalam lemari pengering. Pengkajian lebih lanjut dilakukan terhadap karakteristik perpindahan panas pada Ruang Sistem Pengering untuk mendapatkan sistim dan peralatan pengering yang optimal dengan temperatur yang lebih merata pada setiap rak di dalam lemari pengering dengan menggunakan energi panas bahan bakar. Pengujiannya dilakukan dengan membuat suatu sistem peralatan pengering dengan sistem aliran gas panas alamiah, yang terdiri atas lima bagian utama yaitu ruang pembakaran, pengarah awal tidak berlubang berbentuk V dengan sudut 30o, saluran pengarah sirip besudut 15o, ruang pengeringan dengan 7 rak pengeringan, dan 3 buah cerobong dengan sudut atap masing-masing 15o, 25o, 35o. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa sudut atap cerobong sangat berpengaruh terhadap keseragaman distribusi temperatur di dalam ruang pengering. Semakin kecil sudut atap cerobong maka distribusi temperatur yang dicapai semakin seragam di setiap rak dalam ruang pengering. Karakteristik perpindahan panas yang terjadi seperti Grashof number, Rayleigh number, Nusselt number, dan koeffisien perpindahan panas dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian karakteristik, lebar karakteristik, dan sudut atap cerobong.Kata kunci: Sudut atap cerobong, distribusi temperatur, karakteristik pindah panas.
PERBANDINGAN KETEBALAN FILLER TERHADAP KEKUATAN FLEKSURAL DAN IMPACK PADA KOMPOSIT YANG DIBUAT DARI LIMBAH TERMOPLASTIK PET, PP, PE
Authors: Suryati Suryati , Zulnazri Zulnazri
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini melaporkan tentang perbandingan kekuatan fleksural dan impack terhadap komposit Polietilenateraptalat (PET), Polipropilen (PP) dan Polietilen (PE) yang menggunakan filler fiber glass dengan berbagai variabel. Dimana untuk komposit PET menggunakan softenning agent o-klorofenol sedangkan untuk PP dan PE menggunakan waiting agent xilena. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengepresan dengan hot press, temperatur leleh maksimum yang didapatkan untuk masing-masing bahan termoplastik yaitu PET 265 oC, PP 167 oC, dan PE 135 oC. Nilai fleksural yang terbaik pada masing-masing komposit diperoleh pada PET - 3 lapis serat 533.33 Mpa, PP - 2 lapis serat 566.66 Mpa, dan PE - 2 lapis serat 600,00 Mpa. Untuk uji impact diperoleh nilai terbaik masing-masing pada komposit PET - 3 lapis serat 25,5 Mpa, komposit PP-2 lapis serat 29,5 Mpa, dan komposit PE - 2 lapis serat 21,5 Mpa.Kata kunci : Komposit, Poplietilenteraptalat, Polipropilen, Polietilen, Fiber Glass
PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH BAJA (KLELET) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI AGREGAT KASAR PADA BETON
Authors: Hanif Hanif
Published: May 2019

Beton merupakan salah satu bahan struktur bangunan yang banyak dipakai. Beton sangat populer karena mudah diperoleh, kuat tekan tinggi, tahan kebakaran atau keausan dan cuaca, harga relatif murah, mudah diangkut, mudah dibentuk, serta dapat direncanakan kualitasya sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Krisis moneter menyebabkan harga bahan-bahan penyusun beton mengalami kenaikan yang cukup tinggi, baik harga semen, agregat halus, maupun kasar. Untuk itu perlu dicari pengganti bahan penyusun beton yang lebih ekonomis dan efisien tanpa mengabaikan ketentuan-ketentuan yang disyaratkan. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini, yaitu dengan menggunakan limbah baja (klelet) sebagai pengganti sebagian atau seluruh agregat kasar. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian agregat kasar (batu pecah) oleh limbah baja (klelet) sebagai penganti sebagian atau seluruh agregat kasar, maka dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penggantian agregat kasar (batu pecah) oleh limbah baja (klelet) dengan dosis 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% yang divariasikan dengan nilai faktor air semen sebesar 0,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan beton mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan persentase limbah baja (klelet) dan persentase penambahan maksimum sebesar 90% untuk kuat tekan beton minimal sebesar 20 MPa, berat isi beton tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti, dan limbah baja (klelet) tersebut dapat dipergunakan untuk bangunan rumah sederhana maupun bertingkat, serta menghemat biaya.Kata kunci : limbah baja (klelet), kuat tekan, berat jenis
PEMBUATAN KOMPOSIT KAYU PLASTIK DARI SERBUK KAYU KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN POLIVINIL KLORIDA KOMERSIL
Authors: Zaimahwati Zaimahwati
Published: May 2019

Pembuatan Komposit Kayu Plastik dari Limbah Kayu Kelapa Sawit (KKS) dan Polivinil Klorida (PVC) untuk mengurangi pembebanan lingkungan dan menghasilkan produk baru sebagai kayu plastik untuk bahan pertukangan pengganti kayu.PVC dilarutkan dengan tetrahidrofuran (THF) dimodifikasi dengan asam akrilat dan benzoil peroksida dicampur dengan serbuk kayu Kelapa Sawit kemudian dicetak pada skala laboratorium. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh modulus patah 698.88 Kg/cm2 dan modulus elastisitas 1948.83 Kg/cm2.Keywords: Komposit, PVC, asam akrilat, kayu plastik
METODE ELEMEN HINGGA DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM TEKNIK KIMIA: ARTIKEL REVIEW
Authors: Habibah Ummi
Published: May 2019

Problem rekayasa dan teknik kimia khususnya yang memiliki model matematika banyak yang berbentuk persamaan diferensial parsial (partial differential equation), yang mana persamaan tersebut membutuhkan hitungan yang banyak. Salah satu model numerik yang dapat digunakan untuk problem tersebut adalah metode elemen hingga. Metode ini berusaha memecahkan persamaan diferensial parsial dan persamaan integrasi lainnya yang dihasilkan dari hasil diskritisasi benda-benda kontinum. Dimana suatu benda didiskritisasi menjadi sekian puluh bahkan ribu elemen. Meskipun hasil yang didapatkan berupa suatu pendekatan, metode ini dikenal cukup ampuh memecahkan struktur-struktur yang komplek dalam analisis mekanika benda padat (solid mechanics) dan perpindahan panas (head transfer).Kata Kunci: Metode elemen hingga, persamaan diferensial parsil,diskritisasi elemen.
ROBUST SPECTRAL MODEL FOR LOW METAL CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION REVEALS THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER ABSORBANCE BANDS
Authors: Putra Alfian , Faridah Faridah , Inokuma Emiko , Santo Ryoko
Published: May 2019

In this study, we focused on detection of metal ions at low concentration in aqueous solution by using NIRS. New “aquaphotomics” concept (Tsenkova, 2007) has become a powerful strategy to understand the spectral changes related to small concentration of solutes in aqueous solution. To improve the model accuracy it is important to understand why it is possible to detect the object of interest using NIRS. Although detectable, metals have no absorption in NIR region (Sakudo,et,al, 2007). However it is perhaps due to their vibrational modes that are modulated by forming complexes with organic molecules containing C-H, N-H and O-H bonds. Therefore, alteration of the vibrational mode of water matrix caused by metal can be detected by NIRS. In this study, we present NIR spectroscopy link to aquaphotomics as a tool to predict low concentration (0-10.mg L-1) of Mg(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Cd(II).Key words : NIR spectroscopy, spectral changes, absorbance
KAJIAN PENAMBAHAN RAGI ROTI DAN PERBANDINGAN VOLUME STARTER DENGAN SUBSTRAT TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)
Authors: Meilina Hesti , Asmawati Asmawati , Moulana Ryan
Published: May 2019

Penelitian untuk melihat pengaruh jumlah ragi roti dan perbandingan starter terhadap jumlah dan rendemen mutu virgin coconut oil (VCO) telah dilakukan. Pembuatan starter dilakukan dengan menambahkan ragi roti seberat 3, 5 dan 7 gram ke dalam campuran skim dan air kelapa. Starter dimasukkan ke dalam santan sebagai substrat dengan perbandingan 1:2, 1:4 dan 1:6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah ragi roti berpengaruh terhadap bilangan peroksida, bilangan iod, bilangan asam, % free fatty acid (FFA) dan uji organoleptik aroma VCO yang dihasilkan; sedangkan perbandingan substrat tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua analisis VCO yang dilakukan. Interaksi jumlah ragi roti dan perbandingan starter dengan substrat berpengaruh terhadap bilangan asam dan % FFA namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap rendemen, kadar air, bilangan peroksida serta uji organoleptik aroma dan penampakan VCO.Kata Kunci: virgin coconut oil, ragi roti, mutu VCO
Penurunan Konsentrasi Besi Dalam Air Secara Oksidasi Kimia Lanjut (Fotokimia Sinar Uv Dan Uv-Peroksidasi)
Authors: Elfiana Elfiana
Published: May 2019

Air yang mengandung besi terlarut (Fe2+) tanpa kehadiran oksigen terlihat jernih, tetapi begitu kontak dengan udara berubah menjadi keruh dan berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Salah satu metode untuk mengolah air yang mengandung besi terlarut adalah oksidasi kimia lanjut dengan oksidator radikal hidroksil (HO•). Radikal hidroksil terbentuk dari sinar UV yang dipancarkan ke dalam air, atau kombinasi sinar UV dengan hidrogen peroksida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui persentase penurunan konsentrasi besi terlarut menggunakan proses Fotokimia sinar UV, UV-Peroksidasi, dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan proses oksidasi biasa, yaitu Aerasi, sehingga diketahui unjuk kerja dari setiap proses tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dalam reaktor sistem batch skala laboratorium, menggunakan air artifisial FeSO4. Waktu pengadukan divariasikan 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dan 180 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses UV-peroksidasi mempunyai kemampuan paling baik untuk menurunkan konsentrasi besi dalam air, yaitu sebesar 92,10%, sedangkan proses Fotokimia Sinar UV dan Aerasi masing-masing adalah 64,09% dan 32,49%.Kata Kunci: Besi terlarut, Fotokimia sinar UV, oksidasi kimia lanjut, radikal hidroksil, UV-Peroksidasi
A Comparative Perspective on Constitutional Complaint: Discussing Models, Procedures, and Decisions
Authors: Chakim M. Lutfi
Published: May 2019

The constitutional complaint is one of the important constitutional court jurisdictions that can be described as a complaint or lawsuit filed by any person who deems his or her rights has been violating by act or omission of public authority. Currently, the constitutional court in many countries have adopted a constitutional complaint system in a variety of models. However, the first application of the constitutional complaint jurisdiction came from Europe. In Austria, the constitutional complaint is allowed against the administrative actions but not against the court decisions. While Germany and Spain have a similar model that is a complaint against an act of the public authority including court decisions. In Asia, it is imperative that the court in Asia actively participate in the Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions (AACC). The AACC members have adopted a system of constitutional adjudication in a variety of models, and when it comes to jurisdictions, out of sixteen AACC members, there are four countries (Azerbaijan, South Korea, Thailand, and Turkey) have the constitutional complaint in their jurisdictions. In Azerbaijan, constitutional complaint is comparatively broad. Azerbaijan’s Constitutional Court can handle constitutional complaint against the normative legal act of the legislative and executive, an act of a municipality and the decisions of courts. In contrast, even though constitutional complaint in South Korea and Thailand can be against the exercise and non-exercise of state power, constitutional complaint cannot be filed against court decisions. In Turkey, the constitutional complaint mechanism is coupled with the regional system of human rights protection. The Turkish Constitutional Court handles complaints from individuals concerning violations of human rights and freedoms falling under the joint protection of the Turkish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This paper argues that constitutional complaint represents the main part of the constitutional court, and through a comparative perspective among three countries in Europe and four AACC members are expected to provide lessons for the other AACC members that do not have a constitutional complaint mechanism, such as Indonesia.
The Malaysian Federal Constitution: An Islamic or a Secular Constitution?
Authors: A. Rahman Syed Fadhil Hanafi Syed
Published: May 2019

Constitutionalism dictates that the government must only act within the four walls of the constitution. While adherence to this fundamental doctrine is proven to be difficult, it becomes more complicated when the walls are unclear. For decades, Malaysians struggle to ascertain the actual legal value of religion, particularly Islam, in its Federal Constitution and the impact of religion to the Malaysian legal system. Some opined that secularism is a basic structure of the Malaysian Federal Constitution and in the name of constitutionalism, religious laws cannot be the basis for administration of public law and must be confined to personal law matters. On the other hand, some opined that Islam constitutes a salient feature of the Constitution and the position of Islam as the religion of the Federation implies Malaysia as an Islamic state. This paper analyses the conflicting views, via qualitative studies of constitutional provisions which have religious element in the light of their history, together with relevant case laws which interpreted them. The analysis is done with a view to determine whether the Malaysian Federal Constitution is a secular instrument creating a secular state or a religious document establishing a theocratic state. From such analysis, the author presents that the Malaysian Federal Constitution, albeit giving special preference to Islam, is a religion-neutral document which is receptive to both religious and secular laws. This is based on the fact that the Constitution upholds the validity of both secular and religious laws for as long as they are enacted according to procedural laws required by the Constitution.
The Return of Pancasila: Political and Legal Rhetoric Against Transnational Islamist Imposition
Authors: Arizona Yance
Published: May 2019

The rise of transnational Islamist movements in Indonesia in the last two decades recurrences the old debate between Pancasila and Islamism. This kind of fundamental Islamic movements widespread with their conservative view and it has had detrimental effects on the Indonesian society’s social cohesion. President Joko Widodo seeks to revive Pancasila to confront this threat. This is not for the first time Pancasila is used by the Indonesian government to resolve the tension between Islamic values and nation-state principles. Both President Sukarno and Suharto also used Pancasila as a vehicle to discipline their political opponents. Adopting a non-essentialist approach to Pancasila, I argue that the return of Pancasila in recent years would be more complicated because of the narrative of Pancasila revivalism as an adversarial ideology is bounded by traditionalism and lack of progressive interpretation. Instead of locating Pancasila as the counterpart to Islamism, what is needed is re-interpretation of Pancasila as a unifying ideology.
Neurophysiological and morphological effects in the post-exposure vibration period during experimental modeling
Authors: Yakimova Natalya L. , Pankov Vladimir A. , Lizarev Aleksandr V. , Rukavishnikov Viktor S. , Kuleshova Marina V. , Katamanova Elena V. , Titov Evgeny A. , Rusanova Dina V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Vibration disease continues to occupy one of the leading places in the structure of professional pathology. In workers after the termination of contact with vibration generalization and progression of violations in an organism is noted. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the progredient course of disturbances in the nervous system in the post-contact period of vibration exposure remain insufficiently studied.

The aim of the study was to test an experimental model of vibration exposure to assess the neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration in rats in the dynamics of the post-contact period.

Materials and methods. The work was performed on 168 white male outbred rats aged 3 months weighing 180–260 g. The vibration effect was carried out on a 40 Hz vibrating table for 60 days 5 times a week for 4 hours a day. Examination of animals was performed after the end of the physical factor, on the 30th, 60th and 120th day of the post-contact period. To assess the long-term neurophysiological and morphofunctional effects of vibration in rats, we used indicators of behavioral reactions, bioelectric activity of the somatosensory zone of the cerebral cortex, somatosensory and visual evoked potentials, parameters of muscle response, morphological parameters of nervous tissue.

Results. In the dynamics of the post-contact period observed the preservation of violations of tentatively research, motor and emotional components of behavior. In the Central nervous system instability of activity of rhythms of an electroencephalogram, decrease in amplitude of visual evoked potentials, lengthening of latency of somatosensory evoked potentials, decrease in total number of normal neurons and astroglia is established. In the peripheral nervous system remained changes in indicators: increasing duration and latency, reducing the amplitude of the neuromuscular response.

Conclusions: The experimental model allows us to study the long-term neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration on the body. The formation and preservation of changes in behavioral activity, neurophysiological and morphological effects of vibration from the 30th to the 120th day of the post-contact period were confirmed.
(2019) Optimal Threshold for Selection of Candidates in Multi-Winner Elections
Authors: Lawrence John
Published: May 2019

We devise a method for political and economic decision
making that's applicable to the optimal selection of multiple
alternatives from a larger set of alternatives. This method could be
used, for example, in the selection of a committee or a parliament.
The method combines utilitarian voting with approval voting and sets
an optimal threshold above which an individual voter's sincere
ratings are turned into approval style votes. Those candidates above
threshold are chosen in such a way as to maximize the individual's
expected utility for the winning set. We generalize range/approval
hybrid voting which deals with a single member outcome to the case of
multiple outcomes. The political case easily generalizes to the
economic case in which a commodity bundle is to be chosen by each
individual from an available set which is first chosen from a larger
set by the amalgamation of the individual choosers' inputs. As the
set made available gets larger, the individual voter or chooser is
more likely to gain greater utility or satisfaction because more of
their above threshold candidates will be included in the winning set.
PAPER Economics Developement
Authors: Ardila Nini
Published: May 2019

Conclusion In the current economic era in 2019, income is the most important thing because it will measure economic growth for example in developing countries such as Indonesia. Perkapita in Indonesia when it exceeds the previous amount, causing inequality. This imbalance will cause bad consequences for the country due to lack of cooperation with the people. In this case the government has tried to overcome this imbalance. Especially in the current reform era. this has resulted in a bad situation where in the current reform era it is recovering but sick in terms of mastery or deemocracy. Seen from the democratic party that the government tried to maintain the ownership rights of the ruler, not what was the condition of inequality in the reform era? Indeed Indonesia's per capita GDP has increased. But the inequality of income distribution is getting higher.
هل يمكن للقلق أن يؤدي إلى الخرف؟
Authors: Shaheen Noor Rafiq
Published: May 2019

تشير دراسة حديثة إلى أن التعايش مع القلق (المعتدل إلى الشديد) في منتصف العمر قد يؤدي إلى الخرف في السنوات اللاحقة .قد يؤدي الشعور بالقلق في منتصف العمر إلى تسريع التراجع المعرفي.
Tingkat Persepsi Nilai, Risiko Dan Preferensi Masyarakat Banjarmasin Terhadap Produk Hijau Berdasarkan Demografis
Authors: zulfikar rizka
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat persepsi nilai, risiko dan preferensi masyarakat Banjarmasin berdasarkan demografis dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk mendapatkan segmen potensial untuk pemasaran produk hijau. Populasi dan Sampel adalah masyarakat kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 150 responden secara non purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan : analisis deskriptif kualitatif – kuantitatif, analisa perbandingan rata-rata dan permodelan dengan SEM. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Tingkat persepsi nilai dan persepsi risiko masyarakat kota Banjarmasin terhadap produk hijau sudah cukup baik sedangkan tingkat preferensi masyarakat masih mayoritas dalam kategori rendah , sedangkan Segmen demografis potensial yang dapat dijadikan sebagai target pasar produk hijau antara lain adalah gender perempuan, usia 31 – 40 tahun dan di atas 50 tahun, pekerjaan swasta dan pelajar/mahasiswa, penghasilan antara Rp 2 Juta – Rp 4,9 Juta dan tingkat pendidikan Diploma dan S-1. Variabel yang dipengaruhi oleh demografis adalah persepsi nilai dan preferensi masyarakat terhadap produk hijau.
Green Economy Workshop : Mempersiapkan Wirausaha Muda Yang Berwawasan Lingkungan Di SMKN 3 Banjarmasin
Authors: zulfikar rizka
Published: May 2019

AbstractAt present, environmental issues is an important concern for the whole world along with the many problems that threated the environment such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, and also water and soil pollution. The implementation of the green economy as a form of public awareness of how importance environment is to the future has been intensively conducted. School can be a right media, a comfortable and dynamic system for students to develop good knowing, good filling and good acting based on the environment.The small number of environmental knowledge in educational subject received by students at SMKN 3 Banjarmasin, made the students mindset of environmental and motivate to apply the concepts of green economy in their environment has not been established and it will be a priority issue agreed between proposer and partners.Implementation of this community development activities had taken the form of workshops and carried out with lectures, discussions and audio visual media presentation. Lectures and discussions had conducted for the subjects (a) The definition of Green Economy and government policies relating to green economic concepts, (b) The purpose of green economy concepts, (c) Knowing the environmental damage due to non-application of green economy. (d) How to Applicated the green economic concepts in the student environment and society, (e) Simply application of the 3 pillars of the green economy (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle), (f) Introduction and empower the business opportunities in the era of green economy, (g) Introduction the practice of making edible water bottle as environmental friendly products and as an alternative replaced product for plastic cups used.The Evaluation technic of this community development activities carried out to assess the succestiveness of this event had conducted in the form of giving pre and post test related the subject matter had discussed in this activity. This test is to determine the effect of this community development activities to give added value on knowledge and motivation of all participants to preparing the sudents as an environmental friendly young entrepreneurship.Keywords: Green Economy, Entrepreneurship, Environmental Friendly.
Akselerasi Mencapai Open Defecation Free (Studi Kasus di Desa Kaliasri, Kalipare, Malang)
Authors: Ainurrohman M. , Laksono Agung Dwi , Ridlo Ilham Akhsanu , Hadi M. Irfan , Megatsari Hario , Husna Zulfia
Published: May 2019

Upaya pembangunan kesehatan merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah, sektor swasta, maupun masyarakat. Teori dasar yang dikemukakan oleh Hendrik L. Blum (1974) menyebutkan bahwa status kesehatan seseorang ditentukan oleh genetik, sistem pelayanan kesehatan, perilaku, dan lingkungan. Pada konteks peran pemerintah hanya merupakan bagian kecil saja. Bagian terbesar justru ada pada sisi masyarakat, yaitu perilaku kesehatan dan lingkungan yang melingkupi kehidupan seseorang. Perubahan perilaku kesehatan merupakan tantangan yang cukup berat, yang membutuhkan perhatian secara intens, kontinyu dan membutuhkan waktu yang panjang. Perubahan perilaku dimulai dari keadaan tidak sadar menjadi sadar kemudian termotivasi untuk mencoba sesuatu yang baru, dilanjutkan dengan mengadopsi perilaku baru, mempertahankan, menghayati perilaku baru sehingga menjadi bagian dari perilaku dan kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Death by Numbers: Why Evolving Standards Compel Extending Roper’s Categorical Ban Against Executing Juveniles From 18 to 21
Authors: Blume John H. , Freedman Hannah , Vann Lindsey , Hritz Amelia C.
Published: May 2019

Texas Law Review, ForthcomingNearly fifteen years ago, the Supreme Court held in Roper v. Simmons that the Eighth Amendment prohibits the execution of people who were under 18 at the time of their offenses. The Court justified the line it drew based on legislative enactments, jury verdicts, and neuroscience. In the intervening years, however, much has changed in juvenile sentencing jurisprudence, the legal treatment of young people, and neuroscience. These changes beg the question: Why 18? Is the bright-line rule that the Court announced in Roper still constitutionally valid or do the changes since 2005 now point to a new cutoff at 21? To answer those questions, this Article considers post-Roper developments in the relevant domains to make the case that the 18-year-old constitutional line should be extended to age 21. It does so by applying the Supreme Court’s evolving-standards-of-decency methodology. Specifically, the Article examines all death sentences and executions imposed in the United States post-Roper and looks at the current state of neuroscientific research that the Court found compelling when it decided Roper. Two predominant trends emerge. First, there is a national consensus against executing people under 21. This consensus comports with what new developments in neuroscience have made clear: people under 21 have brains that look and behave like the brains of younger teenagers, not like adult brains. Second, young people of color are disproportionately sentenced to die — even more so than adult capital defendants. The role of race is amplified when the victim is white. These trends confirm that the logic that compelled the Court to ban executions of people under 18 extends to people under 21.
A simulation model of diffusion with schemas
Authors: Fisher Jacob C.
Published: May 2019

Although models for network diffusion have proliferated over the last 25 years, few have accounted for a fundamental truth about diffusion: ideas, information, and innovations change as they diffuse. This study develops a simulation model that incorporates two of the ways that ideas can change as they spread from person to person. First, ideas can be misinterpreted, or repeated to another person with error. Second, people can generate new ideas by recombining two schemas, meaning two frameworks for ideas that they already know. To simulate this, I seed a population with a set of 3 bit idea frameworks, which I refer to as schemas, and then simulate communication by letting a person draw a 5 bit string from the 3 bit schema, or by creatively recombining 2 3-bit frameworks into a 5 bit string. The recipient of the 5-bit string matches the received string to the set of schemas that he or she already knows. If he or she receives several bits that cannot be matched to an existing schema, he or she creates a new one. To explore the parameter space, I vary the probability with which people draw from a single schema versus combining two existing schemas. The results of this simulation suggest, paradoxically, that creatively recombining schemas leads to less diverse outcomes, and that some ideas are more likely to stick than others.
Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices Regarding Hypertension among 40 Years and above Population Residing in Mahadevsthan, Kathmandu
Authors: Khatri Elina , Mahabharata SB , Yadav RK , Devkota N
Published: May 2019

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases in both developed and developing countries. In recent time the epidemiological transition of countries from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases had increased its importance. Hypertension had been ranked as a top five cause of mortality in Nepal. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is a crucial element ofhypertension control, but little information is available from developing countries where hypertension has lately been recognized as a major health problem.

Objectives: To assess knowledge level, attitude and preventive practices regarding hypertension among 40 years and above population residing in Mahadevsthan, Kathmandu.

Methodology: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted using Probability Proportionate Sampling (PPS) in 9 wards of Mahadevsthan, Kathmandu. Interview was done with closed ended Questionnaire for data collection among 165 respondents aged 40 years and above.

Results:The study shows that the distribution of hypertension among respondents to be 22.4%. The mean age of respondents was 55 years with maximum of 97 years. The average knowledge score was 12.9 out of total 41 score. More than half of respondents i.e. 52.1% had a good knowledge on hypertension.
Post Partum Depression among Women Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Selected Hospitals of Nepal
Authors: Mishra Durga , Shakya Dhanedra Veer , Pathak Ram Sharan , Mishra Smriti
Published: May 2019

Background: The postpartum non-psychotic depression is one of the most common complications of childbearing affecting about 10-15 % of women and is representative prevalence to consider as a public health problem affecting women and their families. The major objectives of this study were to assess magnitude of postpartum depression and to identify possible reasons.

Methods:Mixed method was adopted for the study. Individual interview questionnaire andNepali version Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used as quantitative tool among 260 women attending MCH clinic for vaccinating their children under the age of one from  purposively selected three Tarai hospitals in Nepal. 248 respondents were included in the analysis. For the qualitative part, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), In-depth interview (IDI) and Key Informants Interview (KII) were used. Data analysis was done usingSPSS (20). Chi-square test was done to show strength of association. Theme building was done for qualitative analysis. Findings from both studies have been triangulated.

Results: Among the 248 respondents 177 (71.4%) of them showed no signs of depression however,  in the 71 (28.6%) respondents  the postpartum depressionwas found through EPDS. The prevalence of postpartum depression was seen in all kinds of socio- economic and demographic characteristics but varied  in the magnitude.

Conclusions: Women from anywhere can be sufferers of the post partum depression and the findings of this study would be an important evidence for an individual, family, community and policy makers and programme designers/implementers in managing this  problem properly.
Challenging Knosp high-grade pituitary adenomas
Authors: Micko Alexander , Oberndorfer Johannes , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Vila Greisa , Höftberger Romana , Wolfsberger Stefan , Knosp Engelbert
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Parasellar growth is one of the most important prognostic variables of pituitary adenoma surgery, with adenomas regarded as not completely resectable if they invade the cavernous sinus (CS) but potentially curable if they displace CS structures. This study was conducted to correlate surgical treatment options and outcomes to the different biological behaviors (invasion vs displacement) of adenomas with parasellar extension into the superior or inferior CS compartments or completely encasing the carotid artery (Knosp high grades 3A, 3B, and 4).

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 106 consecutive patients with Knosp high-grade pituitary adenomas with parasellar extension who underwent surgery via a primary endoscopic transsphenoidal approach between 2003 and 2017. Biological tumor characteristics (surgical status of invasiveness and tumor texture, 2017 WHO classification, proliferation rate), extent of resection, and complication rate were correlated with parasellar extension grades 3A, 3B, and 4 on preoperative MRI studies.

RESULTS

Invasiveness was significantly less common in grade 3A (44%) than in grade 3B (72%, p = 0.037) and grade 4 (100%, p < 0.001) adenomas. Fibrous tumor texture was significantly more common in grade 4 (52%) compared to grade 3A (20%, p = 0.002), but not compared to grade 3B (28%) adenomas. Functioning macroadenomas had a significantly higher rate of invasiveness than nonfunctioning adenomas (91% vs 55%, p = 0.002). Mean proliferation rate assessed by MIB-1 was > 3% in all groups but without significant difference between the groups (grade 3A, 3.2%; 3B, 3.9%; 4, 3.7%). Rates of endocrine remission/gross-total resection were significantly higher in grade 3A (64%) than in grade 3B (33%, p = 0.021) and grade 4 (0%, p < 0.001) adenomas. In terms of complication rates, no significant difference was observed between grades.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the authors’ data, the biological behavior of pituitary adenomas varies significantly between parasellar extension patterns. Adenomas with extension into the superior CS compartment have a lower rate of invasive growth than adenomas extending into the inferior CS compartment or encasing the carotid artery. Consequently, a significantly higher rate of remission can be achieved in grade 3A than in grade 3B and grade 4 adenomas. Therefore, the distinction into grades 3A, 3B, and 4 is of importance for prediction of adenoma invasion and surgical treatment considerations.
IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG DESA NOMO 6 TAHUN 2014 DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA
Authors: Hermawati Nety
Published: May 2019

Abstrak

 

Desa adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki kewewenangan untuk mengurus rumah tangganya berdasarkan hak asal-usul dan adat istiadat yang diakui dalam Pemerintahan Nasional dan berada di Daerah Kabupaten. Secara terminologis, desa adalah sebagai kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang mempunyai susunan asli berdasarkasan hak asal-usul yang bersifat istimewa. Demi memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat pemerintah berupaya untuk mengalokasikan bantuan pembangunan desa yang merupakan bentuk perhatian pemerintah kepada desa. Bantuan-bantuan tersebut diberikan secara langsung melalui desa untuk disalurkan langsung kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat menggunakannya. Hanya saja, bantuan-bantuan tersebut belum tersalurkan kepada masyarakat, bahkan bantuan tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh oknum-oknum tertentu. Undang-undang terbaru tentang desa dan pengelolaan dana desa adalah undang-undang nomor 6 tahun 2014, maka, perlu kemudian untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana pengimplementasian ini oleh para aparatur pemerintah desa.
Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma ve Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programı Öğrencilerinin Mesleklerine Bakışları ve Meslekî Yeterlilik Durumları
Authors: KILIÇ ÖZMEN Zehra , KABAPINAR Yücel
Published: May 2019

Rehberlik öğretmenleri,
21. yüzyıl becerileriyle donanmış öğrencilerin yetişmesinde okuldaki ekibin
önemli bir üyesidir. Alan dışı atamaların da yapıldığı rehberlik
öğretmenlerinin, göreve hazırlanırken mesleğini nasıl gördüğü ve meslekî
yeterlilik durumlarını nasıl değerlendirdiği önemlidir. Bu çalışma; Rehberlik
ve Psikolojik Danışma 4.sınıf ve Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programı
öğrencilerinin mesleğe bakış ve meslekî yeterlilik durumlarıyla ilgili
değerlendirmelerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hem nicel
hem nitel boyutları içeren karma yöntemlerden eş zamanlı paralel desen
kullanılmıştır. Nicel boyutta anket, nitel boyutta ise resim çizimi, metafor
sorusu ve açık uçlu sorular kullanılmıştır. Verilerin nicel analizi 96, nitel
analizi 14 öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre şu sonuçlara
ulaşılmıştır: Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma 4.sınıf öğrencileri, Pedagojik
Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programı öğrencilerine göre mesleklerine daha
yüksek değer vermektedirler. Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma 4.sınıf öğrencileri
ve Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Sertifika Programı öğrencilerinin meslekî
yeterlilikleri ortalamanın üstündedir ve aralarında bir fark yoktur. Metafor
sorusu ve çizilen resimler, rehberlik öğretmeninin görev tanımıyla görece
uyumludur. Araştırmada öğrencilerin, rehberlik öğretmenine görev tanımı dışında
sorumluluklar verildiğini, mesleklerine saygı gösterilmediğini, okulda
rehberlik öğretmeniyle ilgili ön yargılar olduğunu düşündükleri
anlaşılmaktadır.
Identifikasi Dan Pengembangan Program Internalisasi Nilai Charity Di Perguruan Tinggi X
Authors: Murwanto Petrus , Budiarto Dominikus
Published: May 2019

In a �status quo� situation, value is needed for taking final decision and also needed when facing a complex problems/challenges. University X (PT) is a result of merging of three Colleges ( Sekolah Tinggi). Charity is a quality of human person that want to be developed. The challenge is that the internalization level of its value still remains unknown. Also, some programs that aimed to embed the value as organization culture/model are still on going progress. In fact, the value should be reveal on surface in everyday lives of the member of the organization. The research aims to (1) evaluate the process of seeding Charity value at PT. X. (2) Indentify some factors that might be slowing down the process. (3) design new strategy in order to maximize the process. Therefore, the way of responding to the problems can be discribed on this following steps: (1) Formulate the problem. The result shown that there is 29% GAP/distance in Charity value. (2) Analyze the problem. Some factors that still becomes main problem for seeding the Charity values are individual character, knowlegde, skils, and the old culture (3) Search for alternative solutions. Some choosen programs are designed in order to narrow the GAP, for examples Learning and Teaching activity, Team Building/Happy Hour, Trainning, Confrence, Workshop, Mentoring, and Student Activities. (4) Decide among the alternative and Specify the solution. The choosen program is Learning and Teaching activity.
Pengaruh Pengawasan Terhadap Kedisiplinan Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Rohmial Rohmial
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of supervision on employee discipline in the Office of Communication and Information Technology of South Sumatra Province, in this study the authors used a quantitative descriptive type of research. The samples taken in this study were 53 people. The data analysis technique used in this study is simple linear revelation f test, t test, coefficient of determination analysis. The results of the study show that all existing instruments are valid and realistic and that from the regression calculation it is proven that there are influences between independent and bound variables. This can be seen from the regression coefficient value of 0.761X, which means that every increase in the supervision variable 1%, the employee discipline increases by 0.761. This can also be supported by the f test and t test which shows that there is a positive and significant influence between the supervisory variables and work discipline jointly or individually and can be seen also from the coefficient of determination which has a value of 0.587 which means the supervision variable has influence of 58.7% on work discipline variables.
On the English Translation of Li Qingzhao’s Ci-poems--A Contrastive Study on the Translations of the Ci-Poem “To the Tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade”
Authors: Yujie Li , Feng Wang
Published: May 2019

Li Qingzhao (1084-ca. 1155?) is widely lauded as the most celebrated and talented woman poet in the history of classical Chinese literature. This study, with the theoretical guidance of Dr. Wang Feng’s “Harmony-Guided Three-Level Poetry Translation Criteria”, focuses on a comparative analysis of the collected renditions of the ci-poem “to the tune of Tipsy in Flower Shade” at the macro, middle and micro levels, to further promote the translation and communication of classical Chinese literature. This study aims to exert far-reaching influences on the process of Chinese literature going global, which has unprecedented contemporary significance.
Health Outcomes and Agricultural Output in Nigeria
Authors: Oluchukwu F. Anowor , Nnenna Georgina Nwonye , George Chisom Okorie , Michael C. Ojiogu
Published: May 2019

Attaining sustainable agricultural development in any economy indubitably points towards ensuring improved quality of life and enough food for both present and future generations. The need to understand the links between agricultural output and health outcomes necessitates an inquiry to ascertain the extent the changes in health outcomes can influence agricultural output. This study using the dynamic error correction built an econometric model such that mortality rate and life expectancy are proxies for health outcomes while agricultural output is the dependent variable; HIV/AIDS is the dummy. Results showed that HIV/AIDS has lethal effects on health outcomes and aggregate output. It revealed that health outcomes also have significant impact on agricultural output potentials; and there is a causal relationship between health outcomes and agricultural output in Nigeria. This implies that if the healthcare system in Nigeria can be taken as a policy priority, a tremendous increase in the agricultural sector is unarguably expected. A simultaneous front involving both the public and private sectors in extending the healthcare services is necessary to enable workers and prospective workers access to healthcare delivery; this will invariably boost the agricultural output.
Measuring the Awareness on Financing Long Term Care Cost among Public and Private Sector Employees in Malaysia
Authors: Md Yusuf Mazlynda , Ruslan Nur Athirah , Safwan Hamdy Muhammad , Yazis Ali Basah Mohamad
Published: May 2019

Financing long-term care for elderly people is a crucial issue, either towards the family members or the care institution. Corresponding with the growing number of ageing population in Malaysia, there’s a need of concern on the uncertaintiness of future family care and the need for long-term care services. This changing pattern of healthcare and cost over individual’s lifetime is a key component in actuarial field in developing assumptions and projecting the costs. This paper examined the determinants of awareness towards long-term care preparation among employed adults in Malaysia, between public and private sector employees and also between men and women. 1,000 close-ended questionnaires were distributed to random employees in Malaysia and 450 responds were collected. Two tests were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results from the regression among employees from different sector shows that dependency and health status are significant towards the awareness of preparing for long-term care cost. However, their financial literacy for long-term care cost during old age are still very low. Another result shows that only health status shows a significant result among women compared to men. These results indicate the level of awareness on financing long-term care cost among employees in Malaysia are still low and needs attention.
Determinação do sistema reprodutivo de parentais para produção de híbridos entre P. cincinnata Mast. e P. quadrangularis Linn
Authors: Dias Dêvisson Luan Oliveira , Britto Flávio Flôres , Amaral Claúdio Lúcio Fernandes , Maffei Eliane Mariza Dortas , Libarino Valcimar Dias
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os parâmetros fenológicos mais comuns, a compatibilidade intraespecífica, o comportamento meiótico, a viabilidade polínica e a receptividade estigmática de Passiflora cincinnata e P. quadrangularis. Os estudos de compatibilidade intraespecífica foram realizados mediante estimativas da taxa de autoincompatibilidade. Quarenta botões florais, de diferentes tamanhos, foram coletados ao acaso em todos os genótipos de P. cincinnata e de P. quadrangularis, sendo vinte de cada espécie. Os dados referentes ao comprimento dos botões, relativos a cada estádio da microsporogênese, foram submetidos a análise de variância. O estudo de viabilidade polínica foi conduzido com os seis genótipos apresentando cada um sete repetições a serem analisadas. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco horários de coleta. Os efeitos dos horários de coleta sobre a viabilidade polínica foram estudados por análise de regressão. Para os estudos de receptividade foram realizados testes histoquímicos nos genótipos. A análise de variância indicou que os genótipos apresentaram diferença significativa quanto ao número de flores. Observou-se que, de maneira geral, a polinização cruzada controlada apresentou o maior número de frutos obtidos, seguida da polinização aberta e por último a autopolinização, que não apresentou pegamento. Por meio da análise de variância, demonstrou-se haver diferença significativa entre os estádios de desenvolvimento para a variável comprimento de botão. As duas espécies analisadas tiveram viabilidade máxima às 9 horas e 30min, mantendo percentual próximo às 12 horas e 30min, havendo a partir daí um decréscimo na viabilidade atingindo o mínimo. Os estudos de receptividade apontaram serem os seis genótipos, receptivos nos diferentes horários investigados.
Folha índice representativa do teor de potássio em tomateiro
Authors: Almeida Luiz Henrique Campos de , Pinheiro Sanhes Paula , Fratoni Mônica Mariana Jorge , Oliveira Eli Carlos , Barbosa André Prechlak , Richardson Greg , West Jaimie , Zucareli Claudemir , Fregonezi Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas
Published: May 2019

O potássio (K) é um dos nutrientes mais exigidos pelas plantas, sendo responsável pela abertura estomática, translocação de açúcares, síntese proteica e ativação enzimática. Análises do teor disponibilizado para as plantas e sua relação com o que esta presente no tecido vegetal, através de folhas que melhor representam a planta nutricionalmente são alternativas para manejo correto de adubação. Porém, o estudo da folha ideal para este tipo de análise ainda é incipiente para o tomateiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a folha que melhor representa o teor nutricional da planta visando produtividade. Foi avaliada a influência do aumento nas doses de K sobre a produção e teor de nutrientes nas folhas acima de cada cacho, até o terceiro cacho. Para o estudo foram utilizados dois experimentos com tomate fertirrigado com cinco doses de K, cultivado em casa de vegetação. Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias à regressão polinomial até segundo grau e também à correlação. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento das doses de potássio influiu significativamente na produtividade, e nos teores de Potássio (K), Enxofre (S) e Nitrogenio (N). Cada cultivar apresentou uma folha índice mais representativa visando a produtividade.