bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus Disease of Okra through Cultural Approaches
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Malik Vinod Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Lokesh , Verma Preety , Singh Manjeet , Kumari Pavitra
Published: July 2022

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cultivation is threatened in the tropics due to the high incidence of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) disease. The experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate different dates of sowing and row to row spacing with a susceptible cultivar of okra 'Pusa Sawani' in a split-plot design during kharif 2018. The disease incidence and percent disease index (PDI) of OYVMV of okra were strongly impacted by the date of sowing and row to row spacing of the okra crop. Early (15th June) sown crop with closer row spacing of 30 cm had the lowest terminal disease incidence (49.30%), while late (14th July) sown crop with wider (60 cm) spaced crop had the highest (73.96%). The PDI was also lowest (47.82%) in an early (15th June) sown crop with 30 cm row spacing and greatest (68.19%) in a late (14th July) sown crop with 60 cm row spacing. During the study, it was observed that the early date of sowing with closer row to row spacing was decrease the incidence and severity of OYVMV disease.
An Insight into the Physico-chemical Properties of Soil under Rice-based Cropping Systems
Authors: Harika K. Lakshmi , Thiyageshwari S. , Selvi D. , Kathirvelan P. , Anandham R.
Published: July 2022

An experiment was conducted with seven cropping systems T1 (Rice – Rice), T2 (Rice – (Green gram / Black gram), T3 (Rice - Cotton), T4 (Rice – Sesame), T5 (Rice – Maize), T6 (Rice – Dhaincha), T7 (Rice – Rice – Rice) during the rabi season (October to January), 2021-2022. At the post-harvest stage, samples were collected from several cropping systems in the experimental plot. In the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, cropping systems were examined for physico-chemical analysis. Cropping systems differed in physicochemical properties as a result of soil variance. Rice - (green gram/black gram) has better nutrient status than other farming systems. Rice-rice-rice was found to have lower nutrient status.
Benefits of Carotenoid Astaxanthin: A Review
Authors: Das Sandipan , Chowdhury Supratim , Nath Swarnadyuti , Ikbal Asik , Bhattacharya Ankures , Roy Sayani , Murmu Prasanta , Rahman F. H.
Published: July 2022

Astaxanthin is a high value keto-carotenoid pigment renowned for its commercial application in various industries such as aquaculture, food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors. It is commonly employed in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture to give the pink hue that these species are known for. Scientific literature reviews have persistently demonstrated the instrumental role of astaxanthin in targeting several animal health conditions. Most importantly, the profound effect on pigmentation, where astaxanthin is frequently utilized as an additive in formulating diets to boost and improve the coloration of many aquaculture farmed species, subsequently product quality, consumers’ acceptance and market demand are increasing, and revenue generated. Moreover, the wide range of other physiological benefits of astaxanthin includes various improvements in survival, growth performance, reproductive capacity, stress tolerance, and disease resistance as well. Also, astaxanthin has some other applications like, it is an anticancerous agent, it can prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and enhances nutritional qualities. Astaxanthin products are used for commercial applications in the dosage forms as tablets, capsules, syrups, oils, soft gels, creams, biomass and granulated powders. Astaxanthin patent applications are available in food, feed and nutraceutical applications. This manuscript basically reviews the current available evidence regarding biological sources of astaxanthin, extraction procedures, stability, biological activity, health benefits, and commercial uses.
Impact of Agricultural Practices on Vegetation Structure and Carbon Sequestration in the North Region Cameroon: The Case of the Lagdo District
Authors: Bernard Danwang Djaowe , Moussa Saliou , Nenwala Pa Aï Vivien , Dieudonné Gnapou , Pohowe Karen Maigou , Tchobsala . , Prudence Tezore Bakary
Published: July 2022

In order to preserve the For a good and sustainable management of vegetation in the Lagdo subdivision of the Benue division in North region Cameroon with respect to agricultural practices and the effects of climate change, a study on the impact of agricultural practices was conducted in six plant formations and three riparian villages. This study therefore assessed the impact of agricultural practices on vegetation with a focus on the assessment of plant population structure and quantification of sequestered carbon stock. Floristic surveys in six vegetation formations (forest galleries, shrub savannahs, tree savannahs, 2015/2016 crop fields, fallows of two (02) years and more than two (02) years on 50 m x 50 m plots were conducted. Floristic richness analysis identified 50 species across the surveyed sites, which were divided into 40 genera and 23 families. The most represented families in the sites are Caesalpiniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Combretaceae, Mimosaceae and Rubiaceae, which have 5, 4, 4, 4 and 3 genera respectively. The Shannon diversity index is highest in forest galleries (3.32), in wooded savannahs (3.04); medium in fallows of more than 2 years (2.33), 2-year fallows (2.21) and shrub savannahs (2.20) and lowest in crop fields. Regarding carbon sequestration, forest galleries have carbon stocks of 57.47 tC/ha, followed by shrub savannahs with stocks of 12.66 tC/ha and fallows of more than 2 years with 3.64 tC/ha. The crop fields (0.12 tC/ha) present the lowest values, however lower than those sequestered by shrub savannahs (1.03 tC/ha) and 2-year fallows (0.88 tC/ha). The results of the study on agricultural practices in the Lagdo subdivision therefore confirm the need for sustainable management of natural resources to combat climate change.
Evaluation of Water Column Correction Methods in Mapping Seagrass Bed Using Remote Sensing Data in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam
Authors: Khin Lau Va , Hung Nguyen Van , Tac Vu Van , Quang Phan , Nhu Le Thi Hai , Ha Tran Thanh , Thao Do Thi Phuong , Thach Ha Van , Thu Phan Minh
Published: July 2022

The use of remote sensing images for the interpretation of underwater substrate objects depends on their reflectance spectrum of different water depths. Thus, the water column correction step is important in the interpretation. Two commonly used water column correction methods are Lyzenga’s depth invariant index (DII) method and Sagawa’s bottom reflectance index (BRI) method. To evaluate the role of each method in Khanh Hoa waters, Tuan Le water, with a high seagrass coverage and moderate turbidity, and Thuy Trieu Lagoon, with high biodiversity of seagrass species and turbidity water, were selected as representatives. 70% of the survey data was used for ground training data of seagrass (dense and patchy), muddy-sand and sand features and the interpretation of both methods, whereas the remaining 30% of the survey data was used for validation of the mapping results. The maximum likelihood classification approach was used to extract the seagrass map and evaluated by overall accuracy as well as the Kappa coefficient. The processing results show that, in Tuan Le water, using the DII method gives an accuracy of 82.1% and the BRI of 80.1%; and in Thuy Trieu Lagoon, the DII method has an accuracy of 80.67% and the BRI of 80.0%. These results demonstrate that both methods have high accuracy results in both areas, but the method of BRI gives better results.
Como Pensar o Estatuto Ético dos Animais. O Primado da Imparcialidade na Teoria Moral de Tom Regan e a Crítica Ecofeminista
Authors: Teles Manuel
Published: July 2022

Este artigo procura elucidar o protagonismo central que a imparcialidade assume na teoria ética do filósofo Tom Regan, amplamente reputado como um dos melhores defensores contemporâneos da valoração moral dos animais. Mediante o confronto com a crítica das ecofeministas, várias considerações metaéticas são avançadas no sentido de evidenciar os méritos da perspectiva reganiana sobre o modo como devemos pensar o estatuto moral dos animais à luz do conceito de imparcialidade.
Epigenetic control of ataxin‐1 in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ma Qin , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Didonna Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Objective

ATXN1 encodes the polyglutamine protein ataxin‐1, which we have demonstrated exerting an immunomodulatory function in the context of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity, in addition to its classical role in the neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). In this study, we dissected the contribution of DNA methylation to the regulation of ATXN1 in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

We interrogated a DNA methylation dataset previously generated via bisulfate DNA sequencing (BS‐seq) in sorted peripheral immune cytotypes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes) isolated from untreated MS patients at symptoms onset.

Results

Here, we report that ATXN1 undergoes hypo‐methylation at four distinct regions upon MS, exclusively in B cells. We also highlight how these differentially methylated sites overlap with other regulatory epigenetic marks and MS risk variants. Lastly, we employ luciferase assays to assess the functionality of these regions, showing that the loss of methylation leads to an increase in ATXN1 expression.

Interpretation

Altogether, these findings provide biological insights into ataxin‐1 regulation in the immune system as well as into the molecular mechanisms underlying MS risk.
Sketching routes to elicit information and cues to deceit
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Fallon Mark , Mann Samantha , Luther Kirk , Granhag Pär Anders
Published: July 2022

Sketching while narrating involves describing an event while sketching on a blank paper (self‐generated sketch) or on a printed map. We compared the effects of self‐generated sketches and printed maps on information elicitation and lie detection. Participants (N = 211) carried out a mock mission and were instructed to tell the truth or to lie about it in an online interview. In the first phase of the interview, all participants provided a free recall. In the second phase, participants provided another free recall or verbally described the mission while sketching on a blank paper or on a printed map. Truth tellers provided richer accounts than lie tellers. Larger effect sizes emerged for the self‐generated sketch condition than for the printed map and free recall conditions. This suggests that self‐generated sketches are more effective lie detection tools when information on routes and locations is sought.
Adaptive fractional‐order unscented Kalman filter with unknown noise statistics
Authors: Xiao Kui , Yu Wentao , Qu Feng , Lian Jianfang , Liu Chaofan , Liu Weirong
Published: July 2022

This article deals with state estimation of complex nonlinear discrete fractional‐order systems with unknown noise statistics by means of an adaptive fractional‐order Unscented Kalman filter (AFUKF). Firstly, in order to alleviate the communication burden of fractional‐order Unscented Kalman filter, short‐term memory effect is utilized to decide an appropriate memory length. Then aiming at the problem of filtering divergence and accuracy degradation caused by unknown statistical characteristics of noise, based on the maximum a posterior (MAP) principle, a noise statistical estimator is introduced to estimate and correct the statistical characteristics of noise in real‐time. Finally, the unbiasedness of the proposed algorithm is analyzed to verify that the estimated mean and covariance of noise are unbiased. The effectiveness and accuracy of AFUKF are demonstrated via simulation experiments.
High‐Temperature Creep Properties of an Additively Manufactured Y2O3 Oxide Dispersion‐Strengthened Ni–Cr–Al–Ti γ/γ’ Superalloy
Authors: Kenel Christoph , De Luca Anthony , Leinenbach Christian , Dunand David C.
Published: July 2022

The effects of the modification of a high‐γ' Ni–8.5Cr–5.5Al–1Ti (wt%) model superalloy with 0.5 wt% Y2O3, manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, on the microstructure and compressive creep resistance, are investigated. Compared with the base alloy, the oxide dispersion‐strengthened (ODS) alloy exhibits 8–10 times slower creep rates at 800 °C, over a wide range of compressive stresses (35–250 MPa). Two creep regimes are observed: diffusional creep, hypothesized to be due to grain boundary sliding, and dislocation creep, with stress exponents n of 2 and 5, respectively. Compared with the horizontal direction, the vertical build direction is characterized by lower creep rates, due to the vertically elongated grain structure. Nonetheless, the ODS alloy's weakest (horizontal) direction shows better creep resistance than the non‐ODS alloy in its strongest (vertical) direction, despite a higher number of as‐built defects (slag, cracks) in the ODS alloy. The strengthening potential of ODS modification of additively manufactured nickel‐based superalloys is thus demonstrated. The development of successful commercial ODS nickel superalloys for additive manufacturing processing requires further additions of grain boundary strengthening elements as the dispersoids do not significantly increase the grain boundary strength, as their cracking is prevalent in the ODS alloy.
Conducting Polymer‐ECM Scaffolds for Human Neuronal Cell Differentiation
Authors: Barberio Chiara , Saez Janire , Withers Aimee , Nair Malavika , Tamagnini Francesco , Owens Roisin M.
Published: July 2022

3D cell culture formats more closely resemble tissue architecture complexity than 2D systems, which are lacking most of the cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions of the in vivo milieu. Scaffold‐based systems integrating natural biomaterials are extensively employed in tissue engineering to improve cell survival and outgrowth, by providing the chemical and physical cues of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Using the freeze–drying technique, porous 3D composite scaffolds consisting of poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), containing ECM components (i.e., collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin) are engineered for hosting neuronal cells. The resulting scaffolds exhibit a highly porous microstructure and good conductivity, determined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. These supports boast excellent mechanical stability and water uptake capacity, making them ideal candidates for cell infiltration. SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells show enhanced cell survival and proliferation in the presence of ECM compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings acquired from differentiated SHSY5Y cells in the scaffolds demonstrate that ECM constituents promote neuronal differentiation in situ. These findings reinforce the usability of 3D conducting supports as engineered highly biomimetic and functional in vitro tissue‐like platforms for drug or disease modeling.
Preparation of 2D Molybdenum Phosphide via Surface‐Confined Atomic Substitution
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Qi Junlei , Zhai Li , Ma Chen , Ke Chengxuan , Zhai Wei , Wu Zongxiao , Bao Kai , Yao Yao , Li Siyuan , Chen Bo , Repaka D. V. Maheswar , Zhang Xiao , Ye Ruquan , Lai Zhuangchai , Luo Guangfu , Chen Ye , He Qiyuan
Published: July 2022

The emerging nonlayered 2D materials (NL2DMs) are sparking immense interest due to their fascinating physicochemical properties and enhanced performance in many applications. NL2DMs are particularly favored in catalytic applications owing to the extremely large surface area and low‐coordinated surface atoms. However, the synthesis of NL2DMs is complex because their crystals are held together by strong isotropic covalent bonds. Here, nonlayered molybdenum phosphide (MoP) with well‐defined 2D morphology is synthesized from layered molybdenum dichalcogenides via surface‐confined atomic substitution. During the synthesis, the molybdenum dichalcogenide nanosheet functions as the host matrix where each layer of Mo maintains their hexagonal arrangement and forms isotropic covalent bonds with P that substitutes S, resulting in the conversion from layered van der Waals material to a covalently bonded NL2DM. The MoP nanosheets converted from few‐layer MoS2 are single crystalline, while those converted from monolayers are amorphous. The converted MoP demonstrates metallic charge transport and desirable performance in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). More importantly, in contrast to MoS2, which shows edge‐dominated HER performance, the edge and basal plane of MoP deliver similar HER performance, which is correlated with theoretical calculations. This work provides a new synthetic strategy for high‐quality nonlayered materials with well‐defined 2D morphology for future exploration.
Catalytic Effects of Electrodes and Electrolytes in Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospective
Authors: Zeng Linchao , Zhu Jianhui , Chu Paul K. , Huang Licong , Wang Jiahong , Zhou Guangmin , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: July 2022

Metal–sulfur (M–S) batteries are promising energy‐storage devices due to their advantages such as large energy density and the low cost of the raw materials. However, M–S batteries suffer from many drawbacks. Endowing the electrodes and electrolytes with the proper catalytic activity is crucial to improve the electrochemical properties of M–S batteries. With regard to the S cathodes, advanced electrode materials with enhanced electrocatalytic effects can capture polysulfides and accelerate electrochemical conversion and, as for the metal anodes, the proper electrode materials can provide active sites for metal deposition to reduce the deposition potential barrier and control the electroplating or stripping process. Moreover, an advanced electrolyte with desirable design can catalyze electrochemical reactions on the cathode and anode in high‐performance M–S batteries. In this review, recent progress pertaining to the design of advanced electrode materials and electrolytes with the proper catalytic effects is summarized. The current progress of S cathodes and metal anodes in different types of M–S batteries are discussed and future development directions are described. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review on the current state‐of‐the‐art S cathodes and metal anodes in M–S batteries and research guidance for future development of this important class of batteries.
Unraveling the Mechanism of the Persistent Photoconductivity in InSe and its Doped Counterparts
Authors: Liao Liping , Kovalska Evgeniya , Luxa Jan , Dekanovsky Lukáš , Mazanek Vlastimil , Valdman Lukáš , Wu Bing , Huber Štěpán , Mikulics Martin , Sofer Zdenek
Published: July 2022

Dopant levels in layered compound InSe have considerable potential in optoelectronic devices. Dopant‐induced trap states are essential in determining the optoelectrical properties of semiconductors. However, detailed studies of the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and related mechanism in doped InSe are still not available. Here, the dependence of excitation energy on the shallow donor level caused by the dopants (Ge, Sn) in InSe is systematically investigated. Notably, prolonged decay time originates from extrinsic Ge, Sn dopants and these doping‐assisted states improve the optoelectrical performance of pristine InSe. Those photogenerated carriers are trapped in the Ge, Sn shallow impurities states, which are long‐lived enough to be extracted into Au contacts before annihilation. This renders Ge‐, Sn‐doped InSe photoconductive gain and maximized photocurrent. Sn‐doped InSe single crystal device can achieve a maximum responsivity of around 1.7 × 106 A W−1 under red light and detectivity of 6.18 × 1013 Jones. In addition, Hall measurements identify the carrier concentration and the Hall mobility of pristine InSe is significantly changed by Ge and Sn dopants. It is demonstrated that doping Ge, Sn atoms is responsible for the obvious photoconductivity and beneficial for the high‐performance photodetector, offering intriguing opportunities for novel holographic memory applications.
Strategies to Control the Relaxation Kinetics of Ag‐Based Diffusive Memristors and Implications for Device Operation
Authors: Chekol Solomon Amsalu , Menzel Stephan , Waser Rainer , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne
Published: July 2022

Diffusive memristors based on volatile electrochemical metallization (v‐ECM) devices are of broad interest for applications in emerging memory technologies and neuromorphic computing areas due to their interesting features such as thresholding, self‐relaxation, and energy‐efficient switching behaviors. Recently, the nonlinear threshold kinetics and the correlation of filament formation and growth with its relaxation behavior are uncovered from a physical perspective. However, the complexity of the diffusive memristors’ behavior might still hamper a straight transfer into emerging computing applications. Facing this challenge means going beyond the single device level and understanding the impact of other circuitry elements for further optimization of device operation. In this work, the effect of a series resistor on the switching dynamics of Ag/HfO2/Pt diffusive memristor devices by deploying various programming schemes with different resistances is investigated. Furthermore, all results and their implications on devices’ operation are compressively discussed. These findings help to further advance the optimization of the operating condition of diffusive memristors.
Rationally designed monoamine oxidase A‐activatable AIE molecular photosensitizer for the specific imaging and cellular therapy of tumors
Authors: Hu Yingcai , Yin Sheng‐Yan , Liu Wei , Li Zuhao , Chen Yun , Li Jishan
Published: July 2022

Due to both the requirements of repeated complex organic synthesis and tedious biochemical verification experiments for the screening of new photosensitizers, the development of a satisfactory photosensitizer with excellent photosensitivity and highly specific response ability is still a great challenge for the accurate imaging localization and the precise photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. Herein, under the help of theoretical calculations, a high‐efficient target‐activatable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecular photosensitizer, TPE‐TThPy, is rationally designed and synthesized by the conjugation of tetraphenylethylene (TPE, which is used as the electron donor) and tetrahydropyridine (ThPy, which can be converted to methylpyridine salts as the electron acceptor) using thiophene (T) as the π‐bridge. This TPE‐TThPy molecule exhibits not only good cellular uptake and mitochondrial targeting ability but also ultra‐high monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) response specificity and excellent photosensitivity when oxidized under the action of MAO‐A. The specifically imaging ability and cellular PDT performance of the MOA‐A‐activatable AIE photosensitizer of TPE‐TThPy is demonstrated by using different cell lines and mouse tumor models. The successful development of this MOA‐A‐activatable AIE photosensitizer also provides insight for the development of single‐molecule PDT therapeutic drugs with excellent photosensitivity and highly specific targeting‐response ability.
Identifying phenotypic expansions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia plus (CDH+) using DECIPHER data
Authors: Hardcastle Amy , Berry Aliska M. , Campbell Ian M. , Zhao Xiaonan , Liu Pengfei , Gerard Amanda E. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Sisoudiya Saumya D. , Hernandez‐Garcia Andres , Loddo Sara , Di Tommaso Silvia , Novelli Antonio , Dentici Maria L. , Capolino Rossella , Digilio Maria C. , Graziani Ludovico , Rustad Cecilie F. , Neas Katherine , Ferrero Giovanni B. , Brusco Alfredo , Di Gregorio Eleonora , Wellesley Diana , Beneteau Claire , Joubert Madeleine , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Boogaerts Anneleen , McMullan Dominic J. , Dean John , Giuffrida Maria G. , Bernardini Laura , Varghese Vinod , Shannon Nora L. , Harrison Rachel E. , Lam Wayne W. K. , McKee Shane , Turnpenny Peter D. , Cole Trevor , Morton Jenny , Eason Jacqueline , Jones Marilyn C. , Hall Rebecca , Wright Michael , Horridge Karen , Shaw Chad A. , Chung Wendy K. , Scott Daryl A.
Published: July 2022

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can occur in isolation or in conjunction with other birth defects (CDH+). A molecular etiology can only be identified in a subset of CDH cases. This is due, in part, to an incomplete understanding of the genes that contribute to diaphragm development. Here, we used clinical and molecular data from 36 individuals with CDH+ who are cataloged in the DECIPHER database to identify genes that may play a role in diaphragm development and to discover new phenotypic expansions. Among this group, we identified individuals who carried putatively deleterious sequence or copy number variants affecting CREBBP, SMARCA4, UBA2, and USP9X. The role of these genes in diaphragm development was supported by their expression in the developing mouse diaphragm, their similarity to known CDH genes using data from a previously published and validated machine learning algorithm, and/or the presence of CDH in other individuals with their associated genetic disorders. Our results demonstrate how data from DECIPHER, and other public databases, can be used to identify new phenotypic expansions and suggest that CREBBP, SMARCA4, UBA2, and USP9X play a role in diaphragm development.
Discovery of the First Selective Nanomolar Inhibitors of ERAP2 by Kinetic Target‐Guided Synthesis
Authors: Camberlein Virgyl , Fléau Charlotte , Sierocki Pierre , Li Lenong , Gealageas Ronan , Bosc Damien , Guillaume Valentin , Warenghem Sandrine , Leroux Florence , Rosell Melissa , Cheng Keguang , Medve Laura , Prigent Mathilde , Decanter Myriam , Piveteau Catherine , Biela Alexandre , Eveque Maxime , Dumont Julie , Mpakali Anastasia , Giastas Petros , Herledan Adrien , Couturier Cyril , Haupenthal Jörg , Lesire Laetitia , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Deprez Benoit , Stratikos Efstratios , Bouvier Marlene , Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) is a key enzyme involved in the trimming of antigenic peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex class I. It is a target of growing interest for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and in cancer immunotherapy. However, the discovery of potent and selective ERAP2 inhibitors is highly challenging. Herein, we have used kinetic target‐guided synthesis (KTGS) to identify such inhibitors. Co‐crystallization experiments revealed the binding mode of three different inhibitors with increasing potency and selectivity over related enzymes. Selected analogues engage ERAP2 in cells and inhibit antigen presentation in a cellular context. 4 d (BDM88951) displays favorable in vitro ADME properties and in vivo exposure. In summary, KTGS allowed the discovery of the first nanomolar and selective highly promising ERAP2 inhibitors that pave the way of the exploration of the biological roles of this enzyme and provide lead compounds for drug discovery efforts.
Structure of a Promiscuous Thioesterase Domain Responsible for Branching Acylation in Polyketide Biosynthesis
Authors: Fraley Amy E. , Dieterich Cora L. , Mabesoone Mathijs F. J. , Minas Hannah A. , Meoded Roy A , Hemmerling Franziska , Piel Jörn
Published: July 2022

Thioesterases (TEs) are fundamentally important enzymes present in all bacteria and eukaryotes, where they have conserved functions in fatty acid biosynthesis and secondary metabolism. This work provides the first structural insights into a functionally distinct group of TEs that perform diverse acylations in polyketide and peptide biosynthesis (TEBs). Structural analysis of the oocydin (OocS) TEB domain facilitated identification and engineering of the active site to modulate acyl‐group acceptance. In this way, we achieved higher reactivity using a structure‐based approach, building a foundation for biocatalytic development of TEB‐mediated O‐acylation, a modification known to improve the bioactivity of oocydin‐type polyketides. Lastly, the promiscuity of the OocS TEB motivated us to investigate, and ultimately provide evidence for, the production of longer chain branched oocydins in the native host Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13. This work frames the OocS TEB and homologs as invaluable synthetic biology tools for polyketide drug development.
An Optically Anisotropic Crystal with Large Birefringence Arising from Cooperative π Orbitals
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Zhang Xu , Zhou Yang , Huang Weiqi , Song Yipeng , Wang Han , Li Minjuan , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen
Published: July 2022

Birefringent materials are highly demanded for high‐performance polarized optics. As compared with artificial anisotropic metamaterials, anisotropic crystals have advantages of low optical losses and easy processing, but their birefringence is still limited. Herein, based on first‐principles studies, we identified a new type of functional anion units, (HxC6N9)(3−x)− (x=0, 1, 2), and then successfully synthesized a new anisotropic crystal, namely, CsH2C6N9⋅H2O (I), whose crystal structure consists of (H2C6N9)− anions. Remarkably, I is ultraviolet transparent and exhibits very large birefringence of about 0.55@550 nm, which is much larger than those of commercial birefringent crystals. These results make I a candidate for highly efficient manipulation of optics and light in optical modulation devices. Theoretical calculations reveal that large birefringence mainly arises from the cooperative π orbitals in (H2C6N9)− anions. This work provides a new insight on the underlying structure–property relationships of anisotropic crystals.
Chirality Induction on a Coordination Capsule for Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Harada Kentaro , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu
Published: July 2022

By utilizing a confined space inside a coordination capsule consisting of achiral components, we achieve trimeric structures composed of acetic acid and 2,3‐disubstituted tartaric acid derivatives. Steric and electronic interactions between the substituents on the tartaric acid and 2,2′‐bipyridyl arms of the capsule permit the transfer of the chirality of the tartaric acid to the capsule, resulting in diastereoenrichment of the host‐guest complexes of up to 92 % de. The chiral templates can be washed away with diethyl ether, leaving an enantiomerically enriched capsule. The resulting capsule biases the dynamic axial chirality of a 4,4′‐diacetoxybiphenyl guest carrying benzothiadiazole units, demonstrating guest‐to‐capsule and capsule‐to‐guest chirality transfer. The induced chirality on the bound guest enables it to emit circularly polarized luminescence in the NIR region, demonstrating the application of induced chirality for confined spaces for the generation of chiroptical properties.
Mechanoresponsive Carbamoyloximes for the Activation of Secondary Amines in Polymers
Authors: Campagna Davide , Göstl Robert
Published: July 2022

Mechanophores are molecular moieties that are incorporated into polymers and respond to force with constitutional, configurational, or conformational bond rearrangements to enable functionality. Up to today, several chemically latent motifs have been activated by polymer mechanochemical methods, but the generation of secondary amines remains elusive. Here we report carbamoyloximes as mechanochemical protecting groups for secondary amines. We show that carbamoyloximes undergo force‐induced homolytic bond scission at the N−O oxime bond in polymers thus producing the free amine, as the reaction proceeds via the carbamoyloxyl and aminyl radicals, analogously to its photochemical counterpart. Eventually, we apply the carbamoyloxime motif in a force‐activated organocatalytic Knoevenagel reaction. We believe that this protecting strategy can be universally applied for many other secondary and primary amines in polymer materials.
Significant enhancement on the mechanical and tribological performances of paper‐based friction materials by designing silicone@SiO2 core‐shell structure
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Tian Haochen , Fei Jie , Li Hejun
Published: July 2022

Under the heavy‐loading harsh condition, achieving prominent mechanical and tribological performances of paper‐based friction materials are an extreme demand for meeting their application in the braking of vehicles. In this study, modifying carbon fiber with epoxy groups and designing silicone@SiO2 core‐shell structure as efficient and feasible strategies, were employed to boost the mechanical and tribological properties of friction materials. The above core‐shell hybrid, acted as an effective interfacial linker, contributed to forming strong mechanical interlocks and increasing chemical cross‐linking density at the interphase. The tensile and interlaminar shear strength of silicone@SiO2‐modified sample were improved by 28.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the toughness of silicone@SiO2‐modified sample showed a 102.82% increase. Moreover, compared with pristine sample, the dynamic friction coefficient of silicone@SiO2‐modified sample increased from 0.1020 to 0.1202, while the wear rate decreased from 0.617 × 10−8 cm3 J−1 to 0.432 × 10−8 cm3 J−1.
Synthesis and detailed characterization of sustainable starch‐based bioplastic
Authors: Chakraborty Ishita , N. Pooja , Banik Soumyabrata , Govindaraju Indira , Das Kuheli , Mal Sib Sankar , Zhuo Guan‐Yu , Rather Muzamil Ahmad , Mandal Manabendra , Neog Ashamoni , Biswas Rajib , Managuli Vishwanath , Datta Amitabha , Mahato Krishna Kishore , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: July 2022

There is an urgent requirement of replacing the environmentally hazardous petroleum‐based plastics with sustainable and efficient starch‐based bioplastics. Development and detailed characterization of the biodegradable bioplastics from plant‐based polysaccharides such as starch is essential to reduce plastic pollution in the environment. In this research, bioplastics were developed from an equivalent blend of starch from two different sources namely rice and potato (1:1, w/w), crosslinked with different concentrations of citric acid (CA). The effect of CA cross‐linking of starch‐based bioplastics was investigated on its physicochemical and functional properties. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the synthesized bioplastics were amorphous in nature with broad diffraction peaks. Further, the peak at 1716 cm−1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the formation of ester bonds in CA cross‐linked bioplastics. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the surface roughness of the bioplastics decreased with increasing concentration of CA. Mechanical and thermal properties of bioplastics were characterized using universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.
Ligamentum arteriosum and its telocytes: An ultrastructure description
Authors: Quaye Mensah Benedicta
Published: July 2022

Results from my study have shown in 2022 the existence of telocytes (TCs) in mice ligamentum arteriosum (LA). Telocytes (TCs) are unique interstitial or stromal cells of mesodermal origin, defined by long cellular extensions called telopodes (Tps) which form a network, connecting them to surrounding cells. These Tps have dilated portions named podoms (usually containing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae) and very thin segments (below resolving power of light microscopy), called podomers. Generally, transmission electron microscope revealed the existence of Tps with various conformations: (a) long, flattened irregular veils (ribbon‐like segments) with knobs, corresponding to podoms, and (b) tubular structures (podomers) with uneven caliber because of irregular dilations (knobs)—the podoms. Also shown were numerous extracellular vesicles and exosomes released by the TCs which sometimes made direct contact with telopodes. Telopodes were observed communicating with each other through adherens junctions. Telopodes sandwiched between myocytes or in close proximity (0.01 μm) from nerve terminals were also observed. These data might be useful for understanding the role(s) of TCs in intercellular signaling and communication, neuromodulation as well as comprehension of pathologies like structural remodeling within the LA.
New antiproliferative agents derived from tricyclic 3,4‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a][1,3,5]triazine scaffold: Synthesis and pharmacological effects
Authors: Robello Marco , Salerno Silvia , Barresi Elisabetta , Orlandi Paola , Vaglini Francesca , Banchi Marta , Simorini Francesca , Baglini Emma , Poggetti Valeria , Taliani Sabrina , Da Settimo Federico , Bocci Guido
Published: July 2022

A series of novel 3,4‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a][1,3,5]triazine (BIT) derivatives were designed and synthesized. In vitro antiproliferative activity was detected toward two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (CaCo‐2 and HT‐29) and one human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMVEC‐d). The most active compounds, namely 2‐4 and 8, were further investigated to clarify the mechanism behind their biological activity. Through immunofluorescence assay, we identified the target of these molecules to be the microtubule cytoskeleton with subsequent formation of dense microtubule accumulation, particularly at the periphery of the cancer cells, as observed in paclitaxel‐treated cells. Overall, these results highlight BIT derivatives as robust and feasible candidates deserving to be further developed in the search for novel potent antiproliferative microtubule‐targeting agents.
Short‐ and medium‐term outcomes for patent ductus arteriosus stenting in neonates ≤2.5 kg with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation
Authors: Nasef Mohamed Al , Shahbah Doaa A. , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Darwich Reem , Qureshi Athar M. , Breatnach Colm R. , Linnane Niall , Walsh Kevin P. , Oslizlok Paul , McCrossan Brian , Momenah Tarek , Alshahri Atif , Abdulhamed Jassim , Arafat Amr , Tamimi Omar Al , Diraneyya Obayda M. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Kenny Damien
Published: July 2022

Background

Morbidity with surgical systemic‐to‐pulmonary artery shunting (SPS) in infants ≤2.5 kg has remained high. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting may be a valid alternative. The objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes following PDA stenting in patients ≤2.5 kg from four large tertiary centers.

Methods

Retrospective review of all neonates ≤2.5 kg with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation who underwent PDA stenting. Procedural details, pulmonary arterial growth, reinterventions, surgery type, and outcomes were assessed.

Results

PDA stents were implanted in 37 of 38 patients attempted (18 female) at a median procedural weight of 2.2 kg (interquartile range [IQR], 2–2.4 kg). Seven patients (18%) had a genetic abnormality and 16 (42%) had associated comorbidities. The median intensive care unit stay was 4 days (IQR, 2–6.75 days), and the median hospital stay was 20 days (IQR, 16–57.25). One patient required a rescue shunt procedure, with three others requiring early SPS (<30 days postprocedure). Twenty patients (54%) required reintervention with either balloon angioplasty, restenting, or both. At 6‐month follow‐up, right pulmonary artery growth (median z‐score −1.16 to 0.01, p = 0.05) was greater than the left pulmonary artery (median z‐score −0.9 to −0.64, p = 0.35). Serious adverse effects (SAEs) were seen in 18% (N = 7) of our cohort. One patient developed an SAE during planned reintervention There were no intraprocedural deaths, with one early procedure‐related mortality, and three interstage mortalities not directly related to PDA stenting.

Conclusions

PDA stenting in infants ≤2.5 kg is feasible and effective, promoting pulmonary artery growth. Reintervention rates are relatively high, though many are planned to allow for optimal growth before a definitive operation.
Linking Gas‐phase Balance and Processes at the Solid Catalyst Surface with Pulse Series Method
Authors: Friedland Jens , Güttel Robert
Published: July 2022

Single pulse and pulse series reactions are used investigating the link between the gas‐phase (macro scale) and the solid surface (micro scale) of full‐transient catalytic systems. Therefore, the gas‐phase balance and the surface balance are combined based on a mathematical model considering accumulation on the micro scale derived from the gas‐phase balance. An internal standard is applied to calculate the transient amount of atomic species stored in the catalytic system. The model is used to analyze experimental results obtained from CO methanation on Ni/Al2O3 as example reaction applying single pulse and pulse series reaction between 200–300 °C. The examination of the experiments reveals the possibility to determine the transient accumulation on the micro scale from the gas‐phase balance, which is about 80 μmol gcat−1 for carbon and even more for oxygen. Hence, the presented method provides atomic balances on the catalyst surface and complements sophisticated experimental techniques, such as isotopic labeling or surface spectroscopy.
Application of chemometrics on Raman spectra from Mars: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Veneranda Marco , Manrique Jose Antonio , Sanz‐Arranz Aurelio , Julve Gonzalez Sofia , Prieto Garcia Clara , Pascual Sanchez Elena , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Charro Elena , Lopez Jose Manuel , Gonzalez Manuel Angel , Rull Fernando , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo
Published: July 2022

The SuperCam and SHERLOC instruments onboard the NASA/Perseverance rover are returning the first Raman spectra to be ever collected from another planet. Similarly, the RLS instrument onboard the ESA/Rosalind Franklin rover will collect Raman spectra from powdered rocks sampled from the subsurface of Mars. To optimize the scientific exploitation of Raman spectra returned from planetary exploration missions, tailored chemometric tools are being developed that take into account the analytical capability of the mentioned Raman spectrometers. In this framework, the ERICA research group is using laboratory simulators of SuperCam and RLS to perform representative laboratory studies that will enhance the scientific outcome of both Mars2020 and ExoMars missions. On one hand, preliminary studies proved the chemometric analysis of RLS datasets could be used to obtain a reliable semi‐quantitative estimation of the main mineral phases composing Martian geological samples. On the other hand, it was proved the data fusion of Raman and LIBS spectra gathered by SuperCam could be used to enhance the discrimination of mineral phases from remote geological targets. Besides describing the models developed by the ERICA group, this work presents an overview of the complementary chemometric approaches so far tested in this field of study and propose further improvements to be addressed in the future.
Spin‐Labeled Riboswitch Synthesized from a Protected TPA Phosphoramidite Building Block
Authors: Kaiser Frank , Endeward Burkhard , Collauto Alberto , Scheffer Ute , Prisner Thomas F. , Göbel Michael W.
Published: July 2022

The nitroxide TPA (2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolin‐1‐oxyl‐3‐acetylene) is an excellent spin label for EPR studies of RNA. Previous synthetic methods, however, are complicated and require special equipment. Herein, we describe a uridine derived phosphoramidite with a photocaged TPA unit attached. The light sensitive 2‐nitrobenzyloxymethyl group can be removed in high yield by short irradiation at 365 nm. Based on this approach, a doubly spin‐labeled 27mer neomycin sensing riboswitch was synthesized and studied by PELDOR. The overall thermal stability of the fold is not much reduced by TPA. In‐line probing nevertheless detected changes in local mobility.
Phase equilibria of methane/TBAC mixed hydrates in the presence of produced water
Authors: Bollineni Chandradeep , Daraboina Nagu
Published: July 2022

Produced water (PW) is a by‐product and one of the major pollutants from the oil and gas industry. PW contains various pollutants and must be treated as per environmental regulations before its disposal or reuse. Thus, it presents a substantial economic and ecological problem in the oil and gas industry. Currently, there is ongoing research on various methods to treat PW efficiently. Hydrate‐based water desalination is one of the promising technologies. There is a continuing effort to identify a suitable hydrate former that can enhance the commercial feasibility of the process. This study investigates tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) + methane as a potential clathrate former. The hydrate equilibrium temperatures of the mixed hydrates (TBAC + methane) are significantly higher at a given pressure than methane hydrates, suggesting the suitability of mixed hydrates for process development. There was a significant increase in the phase equilibrium temperature at 5 wt.% TBAC in the presence of PW compared to deionized water (DI), but the effect faded away as TBAC concentration increased in the solution. This can be attributed to a higher amount of chloride ions as the TBAC concentration is increased. These results elucidate the necessity to optimize the TBAC concentrations to develop an efficient hydrate desalination process for higher saline concentrations.
H2AFX might be a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Hailiang , Zhong Tao , Jiang Suwei
Published: July 2022

Background

H2AFX can play a central role in DNA repair, replication, transcription regulation, and chromosomal stability. However, there is little research to explore the expression of H2AFX in cancers. Moreover, the correlation between the expression of H2AFX and tumor immunity, which affects the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is not clear. This article aimed to observe the correlation between H2AFX and tumor tissue infiltration biomarkers in HCC and its prognostic potential in HCC.

Method

Oncomine and TIMER database were used to assess the expression level of H2AFX mRNA, and GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier databases were used to evaluate its prognostic potential. The TIMER database analyzed the relationship between h2afx expression level and tumor immune cell infiltration markers in liver cancer tissues.

Results

The results showed that H2AFX was overexpressed in tumor tissues than normal tissues in HCC via analysis, and its expression level was correlated with the survival rate of HCC. Moreover, the expression level of H2AFX was related to various immune biomarkers. These results show that overexpression of H2AFX would reflect the poor prognosis of HCC, and these would also reflect that the gene H2AFX can affect the infiltration of HCC immune cells and then play a role in regulating tumor immunity.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the gene H2AFX might be a potential poor prognostic biomarker in HCC and might be involved in the infiltration of HCC immune cells.
Secure reputation and morphism‐based offloading scheme: A veritable tool for multi‐party computation in Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Olakanmi Oladayo Olufemi , Odeyemi Kehinde Oluwasesan
Published: July 2022

Computations offload for multi‐party computation (MPC) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) involves the transfer of resource‐intensive industrial computations of resource‐constraint industrial nodes (sourcers) to idle and powerful nodes (workers) such as hardware accelerator grids, IIoT gateways, and cloud servers. However, verifying the results of the offloaded computations and solving the ensuing security and privacy problems have been the drawbacks of MPC in IIoT. Although the morphism approach is currently being used for ensuring the correctness of the results of the outsource computations, it has been proved that its overhead increases as the number of the computations increases. In this article, we formulate a secure offloading scheme capable of achieving perfect verification of the results using reputation and morphism and providing security requirements for effective MPC. Performance and security analyses show that the scheme is not only secure, but also ensures privacy preservation, fairness, and perfect verification of the result at a low cost.