bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Agricultural Efficiency in Burundi
Authors: Eloi-Edouard Kwizera , Szuszanna Kassai , Willy-Marcel Ndayitwayeko
Published: June 2019

The study aims at analysing of Burundi agricultural efficiency determinants. The results have shown a low level of agricultural efficiency. The agricultural efficiency level observed in Burundi agricultural sector showed a possibility of doubling the agricultural production using the same inputs by achieving the optimum efficiency. The determinants of agricultural efficiency enhancement included improving access to market, road, extension, agricultural loan and reduction of vulnerability of young and female farmers. A focus on agricultural efficiency enhancement might be prioritised to increase agricultural income.
Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water at Point of Effluent Discharge into the New Calabar River, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Edori O. S. , Iyama W. A.
Published: June 2019

Water samples from effluents discharge points were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration using chromatographic techniques. The result obtained showed the presence of all the PAHs categories in the water samples. The total concentrations of PAHs in the different location showed that Minipiti station was the highest (44.99 mg/L), which was followed by the values obtained at the Police Post station (36.89 mg/L) and finally, the lowest value was obtained at the Iwofe Jetty station (11.923 mg/L). Diagnostic analysis of the concentrations of the different PAHS concentrations based on the ratio of low molecular weight PAHs to high molecular weight PAHs (LMW/HMW), anthracene / anthracene + phenanthrene {An/(An + Phe)} fluoranthene/ fluoranthene + pyrene {Fl /(Fl + Pyr} and benzo[a] anthracene/ benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene {BaA/ (BaA + Chr)} showed the predominance of pyrogenic PAHs over petrogenic PAHs. Thus indicating more of human input sources than natural. Ring size analysis indicated the predominance of the higher molecular weights (4-6) rings over the lower molecular weights (2-3) rings. The implications of the high level of PAHs within the sampled environment should give warning signals to the user of the water environment’.
Effects of Tin Mine Tailings on the Growth and Development of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Ali A. D. , Habila S. , Isiwu N. C. , Osaji K. J. , Nyam D. D.
Published: June 2019

Aims: To study the effects of mine tailings on the growth and yield of two genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments, two blocks and each block was replicated three times.

Place and Duration of Study: Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria during the rainy season in a field experiment in 2014.

Methodology: The mine tailings combinations include four different additions mine tailings soil {(T0) 0 kg as control, (T1) 2 kg, (T2) 3 kg, (T3) 4 kg} and the respective mine tailings soils were added to 6.3 kg of normal soil. Two common bean accessions were used (Cranberry-G1 and Pinto-G2), which gave the total of eight treatment combinations (T0G1, T0G2, T1G1, T1G2, T2G1, T2G2, T3G1, T3G2).

Results: The control recorded significant higher mean plant height (cm), number of leaves and number of trifoliate leaves, number of pods and number of seeds per pod in both genotypes for all the different weeks after planting (WAP). A significant decrease in plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, number of leaves per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per pod in both genotypes were observed with increased levels of mine tailings. There was a significant increase in time to 50% flower and 50% pod production (P = 0.01) over the control which increased with increasing levels of mine tailings. The genotypes exhibited no significant difference (P = 0.05) for most traits accessed, except for number of pod per plant. It is evident from the findings that Cranberry is more tolerant to heavy metals contamination in soil, perhaps may be more suitable for planting in such mining soils.

Conclusion: The study showed that inclusion of mine tailings had detrimental effect on both the growth and yield of common bean.
Controllable Polarization Rotator with Broadband High Transmission Using All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Cai Xiaodong , Huang Lirong , Xu Hao , Wei Yunbing , Dai Ning
Published: June 2019

In recent years, how to fully manipulate the polarization state of linearly polarized (LP) light has become an emerging research hotspot in the region of photonics. Here, a novel alternative approach based on all‐dielectric metasurfaces to realize and control the polarization state of light with broadband and high transmission is theoretically and numerically investigated. In contrast with the polarization rotation mechanism of non‐chiral metasurfaces, the proposed configuration can be illustrated by the Jones matrix in a theoretical analysis. The proposed design is based on multi‐conversion of the incident linearly polarized light in a double‐layer quarter‐wave plate structure. Through an elaborate design of the structural units, a one‐layer quarter‐wave plate structure can convert a linearly polarized light to a circularly polarized state. An arbitrary polarization rotation with high efficiency (>88%) and broadband (approximately equal to the bandwidth of quarter‐wave plate) can be achieved through the collective effect of the two quarter‐wave plates. The proposed approach based on all‐dielectric metasurfaces exhibits the capacity of arbitrarily manipulating the polarization states, which can facilitate future applications in photonics.
Thickness‐Dependent Asymmetric Potential Landscape and Polarization Relaxation in Ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 Thin Films through Interfacial Bound Charges
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ning Hongkai , Yu Zhihao , Pan Qiang , Zhang Chunchen , Luo Chen , Tu Xuecou , You Yumeng , Wang Peng , Wu Xing , Shi Yi , Wang Xinran
Published: June 2019

The negative capacitance (NC) effect in ferroelectric materials provides a possible solution to break the Boltzmann tyranny and realize steep‐slope field‐effect transistors (FETs) with sub‐60 mV dec−1 subthreshold slope (SS). HfO2‐based ferroelectrics (FE) have attracted great attention as dielectric candidates for NCFETs due to their excellent scalability and compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. However, understanding of the ferroelectric properties of HfO2‐based FEs, especially at reduced thickness, is still at an early stage. The quasistatic polarization relaxation behavior of ferroelectric HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) thin films below ≈50 nm is reported. Universal asymmetries in coercive voltage and remanent polarization in HZO films deposited on various substrates are observed. The asymmetry is strongly thickness dependent and is related to interface bound charges. These findings suggest that the symmetric double‐well free energy landscape in ideal FEs is not a priori applicable to thin films, which has important implications for HZO‐based devices. It is found, through numerical simulations, that the asymmetric potential landscape can reduce SS in NCFETs without suffering from hysteresis. These results provide new insights toward understanding the mechanisms of FE devices and highlight the need for further efforts to investigate interface‐related phenomena in HZO.
Stable Dynamics Performance and High Efficiency of ABX3‐Type Super‐Alkali Perovskites First Obtained by Introducing H5O2 Cation
Authors: Zhou Tingwei , Wang Ming , Zang Zhigang , Fang Liang
Published: June 2019

Developing new ABX3‐type perovskites is very important for expanding the family of perovskites and obtaining excellent light absorbing material. One strategy is replacing A site atoms with super‐alkali atoms for the perovskites, but super‐alkali perovskites with stable dynamics performance and high efficiency have not been found until now. Herein, massive super‐alkalis, such as Li3O, Li2F, H5O2, and so on, are introduced into the cubic CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, and the perovskites with these super‐alkalis are systematically studied by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory based first principles calculations. Calculated results indicate that the perovskites with the super‐alkalis including metal atoms show unstable dynamics performance under normal temperature and pressure. On the contrary, the first obtainable super‐alkali perovskites of cubic H5O2MBr3 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) and H5O2PbI3 show stable dynamics performance. They also show suitable tolerance factors, negative formation energies, tunable direct band gaps, and small effective hole and electron masses. Moreover, the calculated power conversion efficiencies of 23.17% and 22.83% are obtained for the single‐junction solar cells based on the cubic H5O2SnBr3 and H5O2PbBr3 perovskites, respectively.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effect of Home Institution on Emergency Medicine Standardized Letters of Evaluation
Authors: Boysen‐Osborn Megan , Andrusaitis Jessica , Clark Clelia , Saadat Soheil , Billimek John , Paradise Sara , Wray Alisa , Wiechmann Warren , Toohey Shannon
Published: June 2019

Background

The standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) was developed to make letters of recommendation in emergency medicine (EM) more objective and discerning. Typically, students obtain one SLOE from a home EM rotation and at least one more SLOE from an away clerkship. It is unclear if students perform better on their home or away EM rotations.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine if students perform better on the group SLOE at their home institution compared to an away institution.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective application review of all allopathic applicants to an urban, academic EM residency program. The authors calculated a composite score (CS) for each group SLOE, using the global assessment scores for comparative rank and rank list position. A lower CS indicates better performance. The authors compared mean CS for students’ first home rotations with first away rotations. For students in the study who had a third (second away or second home site) SLOE available, the authors compared mean CS on the students’ first SLOEs with mean CS on the students’ third SLOEs.

Results

A total of 624 records were included in the primary analysis. There was a small, but significant difference between mean CS for students’ home rotations when compared to away rotations (4.67 vs. 4.85, p = 0.024). Students performed better on their home rotations. Students who had three SLOEs available performed worse on their third rotation (first = 4.40, second = 4.63, third = 4.77, p = 0.012 for first vs. third). For all available SLOEs, more than 50% of students fell into the top 10% or top one‐third categories.

Conclusion

Students perform slightly better on their home EM rotations. Students’ mean SLOE CS is slightly worse for a third rotation when compared to a first rotation.
Anthropometrics, diet, and resting energy expenditure in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia
Authors: Madsen Andrea , Fredwall Svein O. , Maanum Grethe , Henriksen Christine , Slettahjell Hanne B.
Published: June 2019

Individuals with achondroplasia have a high prevalence of obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Fat distribution, diet, and caloric intake are known risk factors, but the literature concerning diet and energy balance in achondroplasia is limited. The main aim of this study was to describe the anthropometrics, diet, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in a Norwegian adult achondroplasia population. Here, we present a descriptive cross‐sectional study with the following variables: anthropometrics, the SmartDiet questionnaire, and dietary records. In addition, REE was measured and estimated using indirect calorimetry and prediction equations. A total of 33 adults with achondroplasia participated with a mean age of 40 years. Mean body mass index was 34.1 kg/m2, and mean waist circumference was 94.1 cm for men and 82.2 cm for women. Their diets were classified as unhealthy (38%) or in need of improvement (62%). The mean REE values for the total group were 21 kcal/kg for the male (n = 15) and 20 kcal/kg for the female (n = 18). This study revealed a high frequency of central obesity and unhealthy dietary habits in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia. Mean energy intake was low and only 10% higher than the mean REE, and does not explain the high prevalence of abdominal obesity in our population.
Dominance rank predicts social network position across developmental stages in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wooddell Lauren J. , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Dettmer Amanda M.
Published: June 2019

Social network analysis is increasingly common in studying complex interactions among individuals. Across a range of primates, high‐ranking adults are generally more socially connected, which results in better fitness outcomes. However, it still remains unclear whether this relationship between social network position and dominance rank emerges in infancy and whether, in species with a social transmission of dominance rank, social network positions are driven by the presence of the mother. To fill this gap, we first explored whether dominance ranks were related to social network position, measured via eigenvector centrality, in infants, juveniles, and adults in a troop of semi‐free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We then examined relationships between dominance rank and eigenvector centrality in a peer‐only group of yearlings who were reared with their mothers in either a rich, socially complex environment of multigenerational (MG) kin support or a unigenerational group of mothers and their infants from birth through 8 months. In Experiment 1, we found that mother's network position predicted offspring network position and that dominants across all age categories were more central in affiliative networks (social contact, social grooming, and social play). Experiment 2 showed that high‐ranking yearlings in a peer‐only group were more central only in the social contact network. Moreover, yearlings reared in a socially complex environment of MG kin support were more central. Our findings suggest that the relationship between dominance rank and social network position begins early in life, and that complex early social environments can promote later social competency. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that the presence/absence of the mother and kin influence how dominance rank affects social network position. These findings have important implications for the role of caregivers in the social status of developing primates, which ultimately ties to health and fitness outcomes.
English proficiency in Australia, 1981 to 2016
Authors: McDonald Peter , Moyle Helen , Temple Jeromey
Published: June 2019

Using Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade.
Recent Advances in Composites of Graphene and Layered Double Hydroxides for Water Remediation: A Review
Authors: Pang Hongwei , Wu Yihan , Wang Xiangxue , Hu Baowei , Wang Xiangke
Published: June 2019

Composites of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and graphene (G) are exciting nanomaterials because of their unique surface structures and excellent physicochemical properties. Such materials offer the advantages of both components, that is, the large surface area and ample functional groups of graphene and the outstanding layered structure and ion‐exchangeability of layered double hydroxides, whilst effectively avoiding the coagulation of graphene and the instability of pristine layered double hydroxides, and they have been widely investigated for applications in water remediation. This Minireview begins by summarizing the most common methods for the synthesis of G@LDH composites, including hydrothermal treatment, coprecipitation, and in situ growth. Then, we review the adsorption and catalytic ability of G@LDH materials in the removal of contaminants from water, such as heavy metal ions, radionuclides, dyes, and other organic pollutants. Finally, we discuss the challenges and offer a perspective on the directions of future research of G@LDH composites.
Meta-analysis of effect of routine enteral nutrition on postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Tanaka M , Heckler M , Mihaljevic A L , Probst P , Klaiber U , Heger U , Hackert T
Published: June 2019

Background

The optimal nutritional treatment after pancreatoduodenectomy is still unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of routine enteral nutrition following pancreatoduodenectomy on postoperative outcomes.

Methods

RCTs comparing enteral nutrition (regular oral intake with routine tube feeding) with non-enteral nutrition (regular oral intake with or without parenteral nutrition) after pancreatoduodenectomy were sought systematically in the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Postoperative data were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compare postoperative outcomes in the two arms, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) were calculated with 95 per cent confidence intervals. In subgroup analyses, the routes of nutrition were assessed. Percutaneous tube feeding and nasojejunal tube feeding were each compared with parenteral nutrition.

Results

Eight RCTs with a total of 955 patients were included. Enteral nutrition was associated with a lower incidence of infectious complications (OR 0·66, 95 per cent c.i. 0·43 to 0·99; P = 0·046) and a shorter length of hospital stay (MD –2·89 (95 per cent c.i. –4·99 to –0·80) days; P < 0·001) than non-enteral nutrition. Percutaneous tube feeding had a lower incidence of infectious complications (OR 0·47, 0·25 to 0·87; P = 0·017) and a shorter hospital stay (MD –1·56 (–2·13 to –0·98) days; P < 0·001) than parenteral nutrition (3 RCTs), whereas nasojejunal tube feeding was not associated with better postoperative outcomes (2 RCTs).

Conclusion

As a supplement to regular oral diet, routine enteral nutrition, especially via a percutaneous enteral tube, may improve postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy.
The first report of Pseudomonas oryzihabitansin infection in a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Keikha Masoud , Soori Tahereh , Azadi Davood , Karami‐Zarandi Morteza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Ali Rahdar Hosssein
Published: June 2019

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is one of the neglected chronic inflammatory disorders which has not efficient treatment. These patients were susceptible to various infectious diseases because of their changes in immuneresponse. Also, HS pathogenesis remains unclear and its report can create novel insight into mechanism and pathogenesis of this infection. Moreover, given that different susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas spp this species should be identified to the species level; molecular methods are rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method for identification of infectious agents to the species level and appropriate treatment of infections.
2H Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy Reveals the Dynamics of a Pyridine Probe Interacting with Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Sites of MIL‐100(Al) Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Toktarev Alexander V. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Gabrienko Anton A. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Stepanov Alexander G.
Published: June 2019

Coordinatively unsaturated metal sites (CUS) play an important role in catalysis by metal‐organic frameworks (MOF). Being an intrinsic part of the framework the CUS take the role of acidic sites active in industrially relevant processes such as condensation or oxidation reactions. The key step of such reactions represents the coordination of the reagents to CUS. In MOFs the mechanism of the reagent interaction with CUS is poorly understood. Herein, we characterize the interaction of a widely used acidity probe pyridine with CUS of MIL‐100(Al) MOF by means of the 2H solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. 2H NMR reveals that pyridine species, which are interacting with CUS and the ones which are coordinated to the Al−OH site, exhibit different motional behavior. 2H NMR line shape as well as T1, T2 relaxation analyses for [D5]pyridine adsorbed in MIL‐100(Al) allowed us to perform a detailed characterization of pyridine dynamics in both states including the kinetics of the exchange process between these adsorption states.
Liquid‐liquid two‐phase flow patterns in a new helical microchannel device
Authors: Cao Yan , Li Jun , Jin Yang , Luo Jianhong , Chen Ming , Wang Yubin
Published: June 2019

Flow patterns of liquid‐liquid two‐phase fluids in a new helical microchannel device were presented in this paper. Three conventional systems were considered: kerosene‐water, n‐butyl acetate‐water, and butanol‐water. Six different flow patterns, slug flow, continuous parallel flow, discontinuous deformation parallel flow, discontinuous deformation parallel‐droplet flow, droplet‐slug flow, and filiform‐droplet flow, were observed. The influence of interfacial tension, microchannel structure, and rotation rate on two‐phase flow patterns were studied, and a universal flow pattern map was presented and discussed. The systems without mass transfer (0.1 g/g (10 %) tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP)‐water, 0.2 g/g (20 %) TBP‐water, and 0.8 g/g (80 %) TBP‐water) and the system with mass transfer (0.8 g/g (80 %) TBP‐0.62 g/g (62 %) H3PO4) were used to verify the validity of the proposed universal flow pattern map in predicting flow patterns. The results showed that the former compared with the latter can be predicted more accurately by the universal flow pattern map.
Across the Board: Licheng Sun on the Mechanism of O−O Bond Formation in Photosystem II
Authors: Zhang BiaoBiao , Sun Licheng
Published: June 2019

In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. L. Sun, who proposes a special mechanism for O−O bond formation in photosystem II with involvement of an MnVII–oxo species induced by charge‐ and structural rearrangements. In this viewpoint, Proton transfer is involved in changes of the first coordination spheres around the MnVII–oxo site on the dangling Mn4 with de‐ and re‐coordination of carboxylates (Glu333 and Asp170).
Weighty decisions: How symptom severity and weight impact perceptions of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Galbraith Katharine , Elmquist JoAnna , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. , Lydecker Janet A.
Published: June 2019

Objective

The current study examined whether variations in patient weight and eating‐disorder behavior frequency influenced the recognition of bulimia nervosa (BN) and the perception that it is a serious mental health concern.

Method

Participants (N = 320) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in which they read a vignette describing a young woman with BN. Each vignette was identical except for the variables of interest: weight status (underweight, healthy‐weight, and overweight), and symptom frequency (daily or weekly binge‐eating episodes and purging).

Results

Participants were more likely to have negative attitudes toward and blame the patient with overweight. Participants were less likely to believe that the patient with overweight was experiencing mental illness and that her problems were too serious to handle on her own. There were no significant differences by symptom frequency.

Discussion

Findings suggest the presence of weight stigma and that overweight might impede the recognition of eating disorders.
Bimodal Probe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photoacoustic Imaging Based on a PCTA‐Derived Gadolinium(III) Complex and ZW800–1
Authors: Devreux Marie , Henoumont Céline , Dioury Fabienne , Stanicki Dimitri , Boutry Sébastien , Larbanoix Lionel , Ferroud Clotilde , Muller Robert N. , Laurent Sophie
Published: June 2019

One of the most widely used techniques to obtain anatomical information is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite its high resolution, it has a low sensitivity which could be enhanced by coupling MRI with a more sensitive technique such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI). The development of a bimodal agent could thus lead to hybrid images with a high anatomical resolution provided by MRI and a precise localization of the contrast agent thanks to PAI. The probes used in this work are a gadolinium(III) complex derived from PCTA‐[12] for MRI and the ZW800–1 fluorophore for PAI. These two organic parts have been attached to a L‐lysine derivative which has a third site for potential conjugation to a biovector, thus opening the field of targeted probes for molecular imaging. Preliminary relaxometric and photoacoustic characterizations indicate that this bimodal agent is a promising compound for bimodal imaging.
Functionalized 1,3‐Diaminotruxillic Acids by Pd‐Mediated C–H Activation and [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition of 5(4H)‐Oxazolones
Authors: Carrera Clara , Denisi Antonio , Cativiela Carlos , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: June 2019

The orthopalladation of (Z)‐4‐arylidene‐5(4H)‐oxazolones (1a–1o), with electron‐withdrawing substituents (Cl, F, CF3) in the 4‐arylidene ring has been carried out by C–H bond activation. The process is regioselective and only the ortho C–H bond of the 4‐arylidene ring is activated. The orthopalladated complexes (2a–2o) have different structures (mono‐, di‐ and trinuclear), although the dinuclear open‐book scaffold, in which the C=C bonds of the arylidene group are in a face‐to‐face transoid arrangement, is prevalent. Irradiation of 2a–2n with blue light promotes the C–C coupling by [2+2]‐photocycloaddition of the arylidene C=C bonds and the formation of the dinuclear cyclobutanes (3a–3n). The oxidation of cyclobutane 3d with PhICl2 or Br2 occurs with halogenation of the Pd–C bond and release of the ortho‐halogenated dispirocyclobutane, which can be converted into the ortho‐halo‐1,3‐diaminotruxillic derivatives (5d, 6d, 7d) by oxazolone ring opening in a basic medium.
Toward Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Supercapacitors: Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Electrically Conducting MOF‐Based Nanocomposites Decorated with Redox‐Active Manganese
Authors: Wang Yi‐Sen , Chen Yu‐Chuan , Li Jun‐Hong , Kung Chung‐Wei
Published: June 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Chung‐Wei Kung from National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan. The cover image shows the enhanced transport of electrons in the nanocomposite made of redox‐active metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes (background picture Sean Pavone Copyright 123RF.com).
Starch isolated from different hulless barley cultivars differs in their chemical and structural characteristics
Authors: Li Liang , Liu Zhendong , Wang Tieqiao , Wang Bo , Zhang Wenhui , Li Guanghuan , Guo Zhaoling , Zhang Yongxian , Xue Bei , Luo Zhang
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to isolate starch and evaluate its chemical and structural characteristics from six Chinese hulless barley (HB) cultivars. Starch isolated from naked barley displays A‐type crystalline packing and a regular granular shape. We measured peak viscosity values ranging from 237 to 264 cP, trough viscosity values from 305 to 380 cP, breakdown values from 390 to 535 cP, final viscosities from 357 to 523 cP, setback values from 245 to 354 cP and 383 to 460 cP, peak times from 5.53 to 5.73 min, and pasting temperatures from 93.10 to 94.65°C by RVA. Transition temperatures (T0, Tp, and Tc), gelatinization temperature ranges (ΔTr), and enthalpies of gelatinization (ΔH) were measured on a differential scanning calorimeter analyzer (DSC) and ranged from 57.81 to 61.25°C, 64.36 to 67.57°C, 82.03 to 84.70°C, and 21.52 to 26.89°C and 7.14 to 10.66 J/g, respectively. The varying chemical and structural characteristics of HB starch isolated from different cultivars suggested the potential for broader applications of the cereal.
Association between glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c with neonatal outcomes in a prospective cohort of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mendes Neuza , Alves Marta , Andrade Rita , Ribeiro Rogério T. , Papoila Ana Luísa , Serrano Fátima
Published: June 2019

Objective

To investigate whether glycated albumin, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with neonatal complications in newborns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

Between November 2016 and September 2017, women with a singleton pregnancy and GDM were enrolled in a prospective study in an obstetric Portuguese referral center. Glycemic markers were compared between mothers of newborns with and without complications. Multivariable logistic regression models and corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used.

Results

A total of 85 women participated in the study. Raised levels of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with at least one neonatal complication (OR‐ [odds ratio] estimate: 1.33, P=0.015; OR: 1.24, P=0.027, respectively) and with respiratory disorders at birth (OR 1.41, P=0.004; OR 1.26, P=0.014, respectively). HbA1c was not associated with these outcomes. All biomarkers were associated with large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) status (OR 1.61, P<0.001; OR 1.45, P<0.001; OR 3.62, P=0.032 for glycated albumin, fructosamine, and HbA1c, respectively). All had similar AUC for at least one neonatal complication (0.82; 0.81; 0.79, respectively). For newborn respiratory disorders, AUCs were 0.83, 0.81, and 0.76, respectively, and for LGA status were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71, respectively.

Conclusion

Raised values of glycated albumin and fructosamine were associated with particular perinatal complications in newborns of mothers with GDM, better discriminating mothers of newborns with and without complications than HbA1c.
Targeting mitochondria‐associated membranes as a potential therapy against endothelial injury induced by hypoxia
Authors: Yang Yi‐Dong , Li Man‐Man , Xu Gang , Zhang Er‐Long , Chen Jian , Sun Binda , Chen De‐Wei , Gao Yu‐Qi
Published: June 2019

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a principal role in hypoxia‐induced endothelial injury, which is involved in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have identified mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) that modulate mitochondrial function under a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as high‐fat diet‐mediated insulin resistance, hypoxia reoxygenation‐induced myocardial death, and hypoxia‐evoked vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, the role of MAMs in hypoxia‐induced endothelial injury remains unclear. To explore this further, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 hours. An increase in MAM formation was uncovered by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Then, we performed small interfering RNA transfection targeted to MAM constitutive proteins and explored the biological effects. Knockdown of MAM constitutive proteins attenuated hypoxia‐induced elevation of mitochondrial Ca2+ and repressed mitochondrial impairment, leading to an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production and a decline in reactive oxygen species. Then, we found that MAM disruption mitigated cell apoptosis and promoted cell survival. Next, other protective effects, such as those pertaining to the repression of inflammatory response and the promotion of NO synthesis, were investigated. With the disruption of MAMs under hypoxia, inflammatory molecule expression was repressed, and the eNOS‐NO pathway was enhanced. This study demonstrates that the disruption of MAMs might be of therapeutic value for treating endothelial injury under hypoxia, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and ischemic injuries.
Overexpression of HPIP as a biomarker for metastasis and prognosis prediction in endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhao Tingting , Li Shiguo , Wang Yao , Fei Hui , Meng Fanling
Published: June 2019

Background

Hematopoietic pre‐B‐cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX)‐interacting protein (HPIP) has shown to be overexpressed in several human cancers. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of HPIP in endometrial cancer (EC) and its associated effects on disease.

Methods

A total of 113 EC patients at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between August 2011 and September 2012 were studied for immunohistochemistry analysis. HPIP expression was detected using real‐time reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Prognostic value of HPIP expression was examined using multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

The result of Western blotting indicated that HPIP protein expression is significantly high in normal tissues compared to EC tissues (P < 0.001). The expression of HPIP was significantly associated with FIGO stage (P < 0.001), histological grade (P < 0.001), depth of myometrial invasion (P < 0.001), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033). Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference in overall survival and disease‐free survival between the two groups of patients stratified by HPIP expression level (log‐rank, both P = 0.002). Patients with HPIP high expression had significantly shorter median survival time than those with HPIP low expression. Moreover, results of the multivariate analysis revealed that HPIP expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting overall survival (P = 0.015) and disease‐free survival (P = 0.017) in patients with EC.

Conclusion

The present study provides evidence that HPIP predicts EC progression and poor survival, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for EC.
MiR‐137 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells via the LSD1/BMP2/SMAD4 signaling network
Authors: Ma Xiaohan , Fan Cong , Wang Yuejun , Du Yangge , Zhu Yuan , Liu Hao , Lv Longwei , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: June 2019

MicroRNAs are a group of endogenous regulators that participate in several cellular physiological processes. However, the role of miR‐137 in the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) has not been reported. This study verified a general downward trend in miR‐137 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. MiR‐137 knockdown promoted the osteogenesis of hASCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, inhibition of miR‐137 activated the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐mothers against the decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) pathway, whereas repressed lysine‐specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1), which was confirmed as a negative regulator of osteogenesis in our previous studies. Furthermore, LSD1 knockdown enhanced the expression of BMP2 and SMAD4, suggesting the coordination of LSD1 in the osteogenic regulation of miR‐137. This study indicated that miR‐137 negatively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs via the LSD1/BMP2/SMAD4 signaling network, revealing a new potential therapeutic target of hASC‐based bone tissue engineering.
From Glossy to Greasy: The Impact of Learned Associations on Perceptions of Food Healthfulness
Authors: Ye Ning , Morrin Maureen , Kampfer Kristina
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate that consumers have learned that unhealthy snacks such as potato chips tend to be sold in glossy packages, whereas healthier snacks such as crackers tend to be sold in matte packages (in studies 1–3). As a result, consumers who see a snack food package with a glossy [matte] surface will infer lesser [greater] healthfulness of its contents (study 4), consume less [more] of it (study 5), and be more likely to choose a glossy [matte] package from an assortment of snack packages if motivated to engage in tasty [healthful] eating (study 6). Theoretical and managerial implications as well as future research opportunities are discussed.
Metal‐based ionic liquid assisted synthesis of highly dispersed mesoporous Fe(III)/SiO2 for enhanced adsorption of antibiotics
Authors: Chao Yanhong , Jin Yan , Jiang Wenjuan , Chen LinLin , Li Xiaowei , Luo Jing , Pang Jingyu , Li Huaming , Zhu Wenshuai
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Silica‐based adsorbents have shown huge potential and bright perspective in adsorptive removal of antibiotic contaminants for water remediation. To further simplify the synthesis process, stabilize the doped metal and improve the adsorption capacity, a highly‐effective metal iron‐doped mesoporous silica (meso‐Fe(III)/SiO2) adsorbent was in situ one‐step synthesized under the strategy of using metal‐based ionic liquid [(C12H25)3NCH3]FeCl4 as template and iron source.

RESULTS

Iron(III) species have been found highly dispersed in the confined space of meso‐SiO2 without pore blocking. Compared with the prototype and Fe‐impregnate meso‐SiO2 adsorbents, the meso‐Fe(III)/SiO2 exhibited significantly enhanced adsorptive removal of 95.6% and 93.8% for tetracycline (TC) and levofloxacin (LOF), respectively. The adsorption was controlled by diffusion processes and well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics equation and Langmuir isotherm model. Solution pH, co‐existing Na+ and Ca2+ exhibited significant impact on the adsorption process which is strongly related to π‐complexation, hydrophobic effect and electrostatic interactions.

CONCLUSION

The strategy of metal‐based ionic liquid assisted synthesis provide a promising approach to design and develop highly‐stable metal‐supported adsorbents. Furthermore, the excellent adsorption performance indicated the potential application of this meso‐Fe(III)/SiO2 in the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Myxedema coma accompanied by sick sinus syndrome and hypoventilation: A case report
Authors: Harada Ko , Murakami Shuntaro , Tokumasu Kazuki , Togawa Yu , Otsuka Fumio
Published: June 2019

Myxedema coma is an emergency presentation of hypothyroidism, and cardiopulmonary manifestations of the disease are related to a high mortality rate. We herein report a case of myxedema coma accompanied by sick sinus syndrome requiring temporary cardiac pacing and hypercapnic respiratory failure in an 87‐year‐old woman. This case is unique because both of the cardiac and pulmonary manifestations were reversible and successfully treated with thyroid hormone replacement. Our case indicates that early detection of the condition and administration of levothyroxine are essential to improve the life‐threatening condition and avoid invasive treatment such as permanent pacemaker implantation or intubation.
The macrophage-related biomarkers sCD163 and sCD206 are released by different shedding mechanisms
Authors: Nielsen Marlene Christina , Andersen Morten Nørgaard , Rittig Nikolaj , Rødgaard-Hansen Sidsel , Grønbæk Henning , Moestrup Søren Kragh , Møller Holger Jon , Etzerodt Anders
Published: June 2019

The hemoglobin receptor CD163 and the mannose receptor CD206 are both expressed on the surface of human macrophages. Upon inflammatory activation, the receptors are shed from the macrophage surface generating soluble products. The plasma concentration of both soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble CD206 (sCD206) are increased in several diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. Here, we show that in contrast to CD163, LPS-mediated shedding of CD206 in humans is slow and a result of indirect signaling. Although both sCD163 and sCD206 were increased in response to LPS stimulation in vivo, only CD163 was shed from LPS-stimulated macrophages in vitro. Although both sCD163 and sCD206 were released from cultured macrophages stimulated with zymosan and PMA, shedding of CD206 was generally slower and less efficient and not reduced by inhibitors against the major protease classes. These data indicate that CD163 and CD206 are shed from the macrophages by very different mechanisms potentially involving distinctive inflammatory processes.
Study on the structure optimization and anti‐hepatitis B virus activity of novel human La protein inhibitor HBSC11
Authors: Tong Shuangmei , Pan Jiaqian , Tang Jing
Published: June 2019

In our previous study, Methyl pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyridine‐2‐carboxylate (HBSC11) was shown to combine with La protein, which conferred anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) effects. The purpose of this study was to optimize, synthesize, and evaluate the anti‐HBV activity of HBSC11. The methyl group of HBSC11 was substituted with hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and tricyclic groups to generate novel HBV inhibitors with desirable potency. On in vitro evaluation, several derivatives exhibited good anti‐HBV activity compared with control. In particular, compound 5a reduced the level of HBV antigen by approximately 50%, which was similar to the activity of entecavir. In a mouse model, 5a showed 98.9% inhibition rate for HBV DNA, 57.4% for HBsAg, and 46.4% for HBeAg; the corresponding rates in the control group were 90.8, 3.8, and 9.8%, respectively. In addition, prediction of binding modes and physicochemical properties showed that 5a formed hydrogen bonds with La protein and conformed well to the Lipinski's rule of five. Our results suggest that 5a is a potential new anti‐HBV drug.
TGF‐β1 enhances the activity of acid‐sensing ion channel in rat primary sensory neurons
Authors: Qiu Chun‐Yu , Liu Ting‐Ting , Wei Shuang , Zhou Yi‐Mei , Wu Lei , Jin Ying , Hu Wang‐Ping
Published: June 2019

Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is an important member of multifunctional growth factor superfamily. It has been implicated in pain signaling, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we report that TGF‐β1 can exert a sustained enhancing effect on the functional activity of acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Pre‐application of TGF‐β1 increased the amplitude of proton‐gated currents in a dose‐dependent manner. Enhancement of ASIC currents lasted for more than 30 min although TGF‐β1 was treated once only. This sustained enhancement by TGF‐β1 could be blocked by extracellular treatment of selective TGF‐β receptor I antagonist SD‐208, and abolished by blockade of intracellular several non‐Smad‐signaling pathways. TGF‐β1 also sustainedly enhanced proton‐evoked spikes in rat DRG neurons. Moreover, peripheral pre‐treatment with TGF‐β1 dose‐dependently exacerbated nociceptive behaviors evoked by intraplantar injection of acetic acid through TGF‐β receptor I in rats. These results suggested that TGF‐β1 potentiated ASIC‐mediated electrophysiological activity and nociceptive behaviors, which revealed a novel mechanism underlying TGF‐β1 implicated in peripheral pain signaling by sensitizing ASICs.
Advances in axillary surgery for breast cancer 2019
Authors: Sener Stephen F.
Published: June 2019

Over the last 25 years, modifications in systemic and radiation therapy for breast cancer have led to significant reductions in the risk of regional recurrence. During the same time, surgeons have demonstrated that it is safe to forego axillary dissections for patients with low burdens of axillary lymph node disease. When these advances are added to those by reconstructive microsurgeons, the promise of reducing morbidity rates from posttreatment lymphedema seems within our grasp.
Does sport event satisfaction remain stable over time?
Authors: Schnitzer Martin , Barth Michael
Published: June 2019

Very little scholarly research analyzes sports event visitors' satisfaction using longitudinal study designs. Thus, this study investigates whether or not satisfaction with event services and products among sports event visitors is constant over time. Data were collected during the 2017 Crankworx Mountain Bike Festival staged in Innsbruck (Austria) and 6 months later, on an individual level (n = 161). The analyses showed no significant differences in satisfaction with the majority of event aspects during and after the festival. It is hoped that this research note will fuel the discussion within the sports tourism community with respect to satisfaction gained from sports events.
Topological Glycopolymers as Agglutinator and Inhibitor: Cyclic versus Linear
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhou Feng , Hu Jun , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhengbiao , Chen Gaojian , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Xiulin
Published: June 2019

Carbohydrates play an important role in biological processes for their specific interactions with proteins. Cyclic glycopolymers are promising to mimic the topology of natural macrocycle–biomacromolecules due to their unique architecture of lacking chain ends. To systematically study the effect of glycopolymer architecture on the interactions with protein, the cyclic glycopolymers bearing galactose side‐chain (cyclic PMAGn) with three degrees of polymerization (n= 14, 24, 47) are prepared for the first time. The cyclic PMAGnexhibits unique properties in agglutinating and inhibiting proteins in subsequent studies by comparison with the linear precursor with the same molecular weights. More impressively, the cyclic PMAGnhighlight the improved performance of cyclic architecture. For example, the cyclic PMAGnshows superior inhibition abilities to suppress amyloid formation from amyloid β protein fragment 1‐42 aggregation and block the specific interaction between bacteria and galactose‐modified surface compared to that of respective linear counterpart. This interesting finding suggests that the architecture of cyclic glycopolymers may be capable of optimizing the ability to bind or inhibit proteins in biological processes.
Impact of increasing age on functioning free muscle transplantation for facial palsy reconstruction
Authors: Lu Johnny C.‐Y. , Fang Frank , Lin Jerry T.‐K. , Chang Tommy N.‐J. , Chuang David C.‐C.
Published: June 2019

Background

Management of facial paralysis in older patients is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of increasing age on functioning free muscle transplantation (FFMT).

Patients and Methods

Twenty‐nine facial paralysis patients over 50 years old received FFMT. A separate group of patients aged 41–50 years old were included as control. Outcome assessments included use of the SMILE evaluation system for excursion, a cortical adaptation scoring system for brain plasticity, and a subjective satisfaction assessment score. Meta‐analysis of literature over the past 50 years was also performed to examine the impact of older age.

Results

The mean change in excursion movement was 13.39 ± 5.49 mm. Weakest excursion was found in the oldest age group (11.74 ± 4.84 mm, p = .097), in concordance with the meta‐analysis. There was significant difference between the three different neurotizers (p = .036). Excursion and satisfaction score were significantly worse in the older cohort with the cross face‐nerve graft FFMT.

Conclusions

FFMT is a viable option in the elderly patient group but performs weaker in excursion. The choice of neurotizer is dependent on the patient's goals and the suitable age at which the benefits outweigh the risks.