bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene knockout studies of Dps protein reveals a novel role for DNA-binding protein in maintaining outer membrane permeability
Authors: Pant Indu , Potnis Akhilesh A. , Shashidhar Ravindranath
Published: May 2024

DNA-binding proteins like Dps are crucial for bacterial stress physiology. This study investigated the unexpected role of Dps protein in maintaining outer membrane integrity ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. We observed that aΔdpsmutant displayed increased sensitivity to glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin, nisin), which are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their thick outer membrane (OM). Furthermore, theΔdpsmutant exhibited susceptibility to membrane-disrupting agents like detergents (deoxycholate, SDS) and phages. The perforation was observed in OM after the treatment of vancomycin using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Notably, this sensitivity was rescued by supplementing the media with calcium and magnesium cations. These findings suggest a novel function for Dps in maintaining outer membrane permeability. We propose two potential mechanisms: 1) Dps might directly localize to the outer membrane, or 2) Dps might regulate genes responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis or outer membrane proteins, key components of outer membrane. This study highlights a previously unknown role for Dps beyond DNA binding and warrants further investigation into the precise mechanism by which it influences outer membrane integrity inSalmonella.

IMPORTANCE

Large, hydrophilic glycopeptides like vancomycin are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to penetrate thick outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria. This study investigates the role of the DNA-binding protein, Dps, in maintaining outer membrane integrity. We demonstrate that Dps loss renders bacteria susceptible to vancomycin. These findings suggest Dps as a potential target for developing novel therapeutic strategies, potentially involving combinations with glycopeptide antibiotics, to combat resistant against Gram-negative pathogens.
Dynamic Modeling of Antibody Repertoire Reshaping in Response to Viral Infections
Authors: Xu Zhaobin , Xu Junxiao , Zhang Hongmei , Song Jian , Wei Dongqing , Zeng Qiangcheng
Published: May 2024

For many years, researchers have emphasized the production of high-affinity specific antibodies by hosts during viral infections. However, this has made it challenging for immunologists to systematically evaluate the initiation mechanisms of humoral immunity in specific immune responses. Employing mathematical modeling, we have systematically investigated the dynamic changes of the entire antibody atlas in response to exogenous antigenic stimuli, including viral infections. Our study reveals that the host’s antibody atlas is reshaped during viral infection, not through the proliferation of individual antibody types, but rather through the proliferation of antibody pools with strong binding activity. Moreover, we observe a contraction in pools of antibodies with low binding activity. We have identified the crucial role of self-antigens in maintaining antibody persistence, which can effectively explain the organism’s lifelong protection against pathogens that are less prone to mutation. Using this model, we further explore the mechanisms underlying original antigenic sin and elucidate the specific practical applications of this model. This research transcends the limitations of mere mathematical parameter fitting, as we endeavor to elucidate the complex humoral immune processes using physical mechanisms as a foundation. Our work contributes to a renewed understanding of the antibody elicitation process in specific immune responses.
Race and gender disparity of dietary lycopene intake and periodontitis severity in older adults
Authors: Kwong Katherine , Lu You , Li ZhuoHuan , Luo Ting , Huang Zhaoyu , Zhao Na , Tseng Tung-Sung
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Periodontitis in older adults is a public health issue. There is a growing population of older adults in the United States; furthermore, the proportion of the population of older adults who identify as a racial minority are growing at a faster rate than non-minority identifying older adults. Sufficient lycopene intake is one potential solution for individuals who express reluctance and/or an inability to access preventative oral care particularly by older adults who self-identify as a racial minority, leading to lower levels of periodontitis if they consume a sufficient amount of lycopene. The objective of this paper is to explore the association between insufficient lycopene intake and risk of periodontitis among older adults.

Methods

Data analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009-2014. Overall, 1227 adults aged 65-to 79-years-old were investigated. The total lycopene intake from daily diet, age, race/ethnicity, living condition, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, gender, and education level were studied as independent variables. The combination of probing depth and number of interproximal sites was used as criteria for evaluating the risk of periodontitis. Weighted multinominal logistic regression was used.

Results

Overall, 48.7% of older adults in this study were classified with different levels of periodontitis and 49.1% of individuals with a form of periodontitis had insufficient dietary lycopene intake.Sufficient lycopene intake was found to be associated with a lower likelihood of severe periodontitis (OR: .33; 95% CI: 0.17-.65; p=0.002). Non-Hispanic Black older adults were more likely to develop severe forms of periodontal disease in comparison to Non-Hispanic White older adults (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.46-5.45, p=0.003). Gender was also found to play a role in periodontitis status, with women being less likely to have severe periodontitis status, compared to men (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.55; p= 0.0007,). However, only Non-Hispanic White females were less likely to have severe periodontitis compared to Non-Hispanic White males (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.12-0.56; p= 0.001).

Conclusion

Dietary intake of lycopene associated with periodontitis disease for individuals over the age of 65; those who consume a sufficient amount of lycopene are less likely to develop severe periodontitis. In general, more men suffered from periodontitis in comparison to women. Such association also has been found between Non-Hispanic Blacks with severe periodontitis. In addition, reduced risk of severe periodontitis is associated with sufficient lycopene intake is explored in Non-Hispanic Whites, future targeted interventions using lycopene in dietary intake as a preventative measure to delay or prevent the onset of periodontal disease needs to be race and gender specific.
Soybean PHR1-regulated low phosphorus-responsiveGmRALF22increases uptake of phosphate via stimulatingGmPTs expression
Authors: Li Fangjian , Mai Cuishan , Liu Yan , Deng Yaru , Wu Lixia , Zheng Xinni , He Huijing , Huang Yilin , Luo Zhenxi , Wang Jinxiang
Published: May 2024

Phosphorus (P) is one of essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. Rapid Alkalization Factors (RALFs) play crucial roles in plant responses to nutrient stresses, however, the functions ofGlycine maxRALFs (GmRALFs) under low P (LP) stress remain elusive. In this study, we first identified 27GmRALFs in soybean, then we revealed thatGmRALF10, GmRALF11, andGmRALF22are induced in both roots and leaves, while onlyGmRALF5,GmRALF6, andGmRALF25are up-regulated in leaves in LP conditions. Furthermore,GmRALF22was found to be the target gene of transcription factorGmPHR1,which binds the P1BScis-element in the promoter ofGmRALF22via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DUAL-LUC experiment. Colonization ofBacillus subtilisthat deliver GmRALF22 increases the expression of high affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter geneGmPT2, GmPT11, GmPT13andGmPT14, thus increases the total amount of dry matter and soluble Pi in soybean. RNA-sequencing uncovered that GmRALF22 alleviates LP stress by regulating the expression of JA-, SA- and immune-related genes. Finally, we verified that GmRALF22 is dependent on FERONIA to promote Arabidopsis primary root growth under LP conditions. In summary,GmPHR1-GmRALF22module positively regulates soybean’s tolerance to LP.

Highlights

Soybean genome has 27GmRALFs.GmRALF5,GmRALF6, GmRALF10,GmRALF11,GmRALF22andGmRALF25are induced in low phosphorus (LP).

GmPHR1 directly regulate the transcription ofGmRALF22 viabinding the promoter P1BScis-element.

Secretion of GmRALF22 protein byBacillus subtilispromoted soybean growth under LP conditions by improving soybean P nutrition through increased expression of high affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter gene.

GmRALF22 regulates soybean P nutrition by JA-, SA- and immune-related genes expression at transcriptome level. That application of GmRALF22 promoted primary root growth in Arabidopsis in LP is dependent on FER receptor.
Extended interaction length laser-driven acceleration in a tunable dielectric structure
Authors: Crisp Sophie , Ody Alexander , England Joel , Musumeci Pietro
Published: May 2024

The development of long, tunable structures is critical to increasing energy gain in laser-driven dielectric accelerators (DLAs). Here we combine pulse-front-tilt illumination with slab-geometry structures assembled by precisely aligning off-the-shelf 4 mm long transmission gratings to achieve up to 200 keV energy modulation for 6 MeV injected electrons. The effective interaction length is longer than 1 mm, limited by the dephasing of the accelerated particles in the structure. The piezo-based independent mounting system for the gratings allows tuning of the gap and field distribution inside the structure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning in learning business courses in low-income economies
Authors: Nyathi Musa
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper evaluated the effectiveness of blended learning of business courses in higher learning institutions (HEIs) in developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey, involving 215 learners, was used to collect data. A stratified sampling technique was used in this study. The data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS.

Findings

In the blended learning approach, student attitudes, social presence, IT infrastructure and flexible learning are all favorable predictors of learner satisfaction. The impact of blended learning on learner satisfaction is further mediated by IT infrastructure, social presence and learner attitude.

Practical implications

HEIs need to invest in planning and resource mobilization in order to realize several benefits derived from the use of blended learning. For optimal learning outcomes, this should be combined with training on IT infrastructure usage for both facilitators and learners. In order to assist learners in developing competencies through consistent use, institutions should also invest in tailored blended learning technologies. In addition, emphasis should be placed on training all actors in order to better manage change.

Originality/value

This paper presents and ranks several dimensions for blended learning success in low-budget universities. In addition, the study contributes to the understanding of intervening variables necessary for enhancing the potential of pedagogy in maximizing learner satisfaction.
The effect of social servicescape on price fairness and customer trust: a study in coffee shops
Authors: Artuğer Savaş , Sayın Kursad , Kilinç Şahi̇n Songül
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this research is to determine the price fairness of the social servicescape and the effect of price fairness on customer trust. In this context, first of all, the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness and then the effect of price fairness on customer trust were tested.

Design/methodology/approach

The universe of the research consists of people who visit Starbucks coffee stores. In the study, data were collected from 338 people who visited Starbucks coffee stores. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique.

Findings

As a result of the research, it was concluded that employees, other customers and social crowds, which are from the dimensions of the social servicescape, do not have a significant effect on price fairness, the interaction between employee and customer, which is from the sub-dimensions of the social servicescape, has an effect on customers' perception of price fairness, and price fairness also has an effect on customer trust.

Originality/value

The important point in this research is to determine the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness, which has not been studied in the literature before. Although the effect of physical servicescape on price justice has been investigated, the effect of social servicescape on price justice has not been investigated. When evaluated from this point of view, it is thought that the research will have an important contribution to the literature.
Transforming milk supply chains with blockchain: enhancing visibility and cost reduction
Authors: Vasanthraj Vasanthraj , Potdar Vidyasagar , Agrawal Himanshu , Kaur Arshinder
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Milk is a perishable food product, one of the primary sources of nutrition. Reports worldwide indicate numerous food frauds and foodborne diseases associated with adulterated milk products. These safety concerns highlight the importance of a visible milk supply chain, which can be achieved by cutting-edge technologies. However, these technologies come with high costs. So, this study aims to propose a framework that integrates blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud to enhance visibility with reduced cost in an Australian milk supply chain (AMSC).

Design/methodology/approach

A design science research methodology is used, where a proof of concept is also developed at the retailer end to show how blockchain, IoT and cloud can improve visibility with reduced cost in an AMSC.

Findings

According to cost and visibility analysis, blockchain implementation in AMSC would generate a high return on investment (ROI). For the given case, ROI becomes positive for all stakeholders after 750 cycles. Integrating IoT, cloud and blockchain is more profitable than just using blockchain. Additionally, technology implementation may not benefit all stakeholders equally. For example, the retailer needs 10 cycles to benefit, but the transporter needs 50 in the given case.

Practical implications

The findings of this study assist milk industries in decision-making regarding technology implementation in their supply chain and motivate them to implement these technologies, resulting in improved trust and coordination among entities and consumers.

Originality/value

A cost and visibility analysis are performed to evaluate the impact of technology implementation on cost and visibility in an AMSC. A SOAR (Strength Opportunities Aspiration Results) analysis is also performed for the strategic planning framework.
On strategic communication during mergers & acquisitions: a pragmatic perspective to improve outcomes
Authors: Rosendale Joseph , Wilkie LeAnn , Lowry William
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Mergers are an increasingly popular method to grow a business despite the fact that many fail to meet their pre-deal expectations. This paper outlines the benefits, and argues in favor, of managerial commitment to a well-defined, strategic communications plan from inception through completion of an organizational merger. The authors propose training leaders in areas such as cultural communication, crisis communication, and shared governance prior to developing an M&A-specific communication plan.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is primarily an integrative theoretical piece, drawing on prior literature and secondary research sources while also integrating the authors’ academic and industry experience to offer best-practices for enhancing organizational communication efforts pre- and during mergers and acquisitions.

Findings

There are many financial and structural issues that can result in a failed merger. However, even when a deal makes sense financially M&A’s still have a relatively low success rate. These failures are often people related. Two significant issues are presented; culture conflicts related to communication, and uncertainty of a changing environment. Communication is the key to a successful M&A. If effective communication is deployed pre-M&A and during integration, it can greatly reduce the chance of failure.

Originality/value

This report offers a novel approach to decreasing the likelihood of M&A failure, focusing specifically on people-specific causes of hindrance. It outlines two of the significant human-related issues; culture conflicts and uncertainty reduction, both as related to organizational communication.
Public procurement of smart city services: an exploration of data protection related ex ante transaction costs
Authors: Vandercruysse Laurens , Dooms Michaël , Buts Caroline
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper examines data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by the private sector in the context of smart city service (SCS) public tendering in the European Union after the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation. This study aims to establish the determinants of ex ante transaction costs related to data protection as well as to determine their relevance toward (tender) competition.

Design/methodology/approach

A statistical analysis of a survey sample of 72 SCS tender bids.

Findings

The potential of relationship management to foster more private sector investment in data protection for SCSs is established, i.e. stronger ties between parties lead to higher private sector investment. Furthermore, it is found that investing more in data protection can further boost both internal capabilities and the organizational reputation of tendering organizations. Finally, the analysis exposes a potential problem concerning the market for data protection originating from the dominant approach concerning SCS tender bid evaluation.

Research limitations/implications

SCS tender bid evaluation is not perceived by the evaluated companies as having data protection as a (core) component. As a consequence, there is no strong competition in that specific area. To induce the private sector to structurally develop SCSs that can be expected to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens, a more thorough evaluation of data protection aspects of bids imposes itself. Such an overhaul is likely to demand additional public sector resources and expertise.

Originality/value

This paper constitutes an early investigation into data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by private sector actors. Incentives for data protection investment in the context of public procurement procedures are discussed.
Municipal mediators as a cooperation network for the social integration of Roma community: a qualitative study
Authors: Costa Júlio , Franco Mário
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand in what way municipal mediators can function as a cooperation network, promoting better social and economic inclusion of Roma community.

Design/methodology/approach

To fulfil this objective, a qualitative approach was adopted, holding semi-structured interviews with various partners involved in an inter-organisational cooperation network: the DiverCity project. This project aims to combat the discrimination of Roma community living in the local authority.

Findings

The empirical evidence obtained shows that the most important factors for the successful social and economic inclusion of Roma community are networking and the trust created between the parties involved. Communication, flexibility and common goals are other essential relational factors for the social and economic inclusion of the Roma community in this cooperation network.

Practical implications

This study shows how trust and networking are fundamental for the social and economic inclusion of Roma community. When minorities and the majority community are in harmony and consider factors such as trust and communication, social inclusion is found to be the case. From networking and the trust established between partners, this study shows how municipal mediators can facilitate inclusion of Roma community.

Originality/value

As there is little research on the role of municipal mediators in social inclusion, this study is particularly important and innovative by proposing a model for project development aiming for the inclusion of minority groups such as Roma community.
Collaborative ecosystems: a taxonomy and new research agenda
Authors: Fedele Maria , D'Amico Simona , Nevi Giulia , Formisano Anna Vittoria
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The growing interest on ecosystems on both managerial and academic side reflects a vibrant field of study, nevertheless, the subject is very heterogeneous and in particular concerning a particular form of ecosystems: collaborative ecosystems, the purpose of this study is to shed light on these.

Design/methodology/approach

The definition gap existent and the multiplicity of fields and composite studies on collaborative ecosystems have made it necessary to conduct a systematic literature review of the phenomenon, a bibliometric analysis and content analysis.

Findings

The research offers an overview of the phenomenon, three main cluster categories emerged: ecosystem, competition and open innovation; this cluster offers a comprehensive schematization of the research topics.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this research are that the investigation has been confined to specific keywords related to collaborative ecosystems that led to a strict selection of papers to be analyzed and in having confined the investigation to publications in the managerial area. Further research will be able to expand the selection of keywords or use more strings and proceed to a comparative analysis of results. Another limitation is the small number of databases assessed (only Scopus and Web of Science) and have confined the analysis to specific clusters that emerged from the quantitative analysis of papers.

Practical implications

By proposing a taxonomy of collaborative ecosystems, the paper highlights what solutions and architectures an ecosystem manager must consider when developing collaborative ecosystems, what factors he or she must pay attention to in order to ensure their development and survival, and what elements determine the development of an ecosystem, in particular, the management of innovation and knowledge and the scarcity of resources in a hyper-competitive environment.

Originality/value

A combination of research methods was used to identify the intellectual structure of collaborative ecosystems. In addition, we propose a taxonomy for collaborative ecosystems, opening the study to new lines of investigation and providing a new research agenda.
What explains exit in Indian manufacturing industries?
Authors: Kathuria Vinish , Raj S.N. Rajesh
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the likelihood of firm exit, focusing on firm- and sector-specific factors and other potential constraints that may lead to exit.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors address the main research question by using hazard-cox and probit models on plant level data for the period 1998–1999 to 2012–2013, drawn from the Annual Survey of Industries collected by the Central Statistical Organisation.

Findings

The authors find that probability of exit reduces with improved firm performance. Urban firms, proprietary firms and smaller firms are more likely to exit as compared with their respective counterparts. The findings are robust to alternate measures of performance, alternate specifications and different methods.

Originality/value

Studies of entry and exit rates at a point in time are useful in examining the turnover of establishments. But to understand the establishment survival, the authors must also examine the probability of firm exit and the possible determinants that aid exit. There are institutional factors that prevent easy exit of firms from an industry. It would be worthwhile to see how the exit rate will be impacted if these barriers ceased to exist. In this study, the authors construct a model of exit, which would help us to predict firm exit.
Reforms required for Shariah screening of equities using the case study of Dow Jones Islamic market index (DJIMI)
Authors: Malik Rizwan , Dar Humayon , Muneeza Aishath
Published: May 2024

Purpose

There is no uniform methodology adopted worldwide for Shariah equity screening. The purpose of this research paper is to suggest reforms required to improve Shariah screening methodologies used for equities using Dow Jones Islamic Market Index, which is the world’s first such methodology adopted.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative research methodology that goes beyond analysing secondary data on the subject matter. It includes conducting semi-structured interviews with selected subject matter experts to gain insights into the practical issues associated with existing Shariah screening methodologies. The aim is to identify areas for potential reforms that can be implemented in the future. By combining secondary data analysis with first-hand perspectives from experts, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in Shariah screening, contributing to the development of practical and effective reforms.

Findings

The study recommends the inclusion of additional filters in Shariah screening methodologies to promote stocks that are not only Shariah-compliant but also socially responsible. It suggests that while a certain level of Shariah non-compliance threshold may be tolerated during the initial screening stage, over time, this accepted threshold should gradually decrease. The ultimate goal is to achieve 0% thresholds for Shariah-compliant equities. By advocating for stricter criteria and a progressive reduction in non-compliance tolerance, the study highlights the importance of continuously improving and refining Shariah screening practices to ensure higher levels of compliance and alignment with Shariah principles.

Originality/value

It is anticipated that the findings of this research provides original insights and contributions to existing knowledge. It offers novel perspectives, innovative approaches and solutions to address specific areas in need of reform. By focusing on enhancing the effectiveness and standardisation of Shariah-compliant investment practices, the research brings fresh perspectives and adds value to the field. Its unique contribution lies in identifying and addressing emerging challenges and proposing improvements in Shariah screening methodologies.
Challenging the illusion of objectivity: an in-depth analysis of the preselected items evaluation (PIE) method in translation evaluation
Authors: Akbari Alireza , Shahnazari Mohammadtaghi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this research paper was to examine the objectivity of the preselected items evaluation (PIE) method, a prevalent translation scoring method deployed by international institutions such as UAntwerpen, UGent and the University of Granada.

Design/methodology/approach

This research critically analyzed the scientific and theoretical bottlenecks associated with the PIE method, specifically focusing on its parameters, namely the p-value and d-index, in adherence to established statistical protocols. Proposed remedies to mitigate the identified bottlenecks and augment the efficacy of the method were grounded in practicality.

Findings

The paper provided an extensive overview of the PIE method, which served as the foundation for the subsequent analysis and discussions. This research presented potential avenues for refinement and contributed to the current debate on objective translation assessment by addressing the theoretical and practical challenges associated with the PIE method.

Research limitations/implications

Translation researchers, practitioners and international institutions seeking to enhance the accuracy and reliability of translation evaluation should consider the implications of this research’s findings.

Originality/value

Although several publications focused on the role of the PIE method in translation evaluation, no study(ies) is available to critically analyze the scientific and theoretical bottlenecks of this translation evaluation method.
Factors associated with emotional eating in female college students
Authors: Öztürk Meryem Elif , Yılmaz Hacı Ömer , Tokaç Er Nida , Doğan Gökcen , Meriç Çağdaş Salih , Yabancı Ayhan Nurcan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Emotions affect food intake and food choice. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, eating habits and anthropometric measurements and negative and positive emotional eating.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 343 female college students 18–24 years of age. Data were collected using the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). Anthropometric measurements were obtained (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, neck, mid-upper arm, waist and hip circumference). Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle and eating habits were questioned. Generalized linear models were used to identify each EMAQ score.

Findings

While high body mass index (BMI) was associated with high negative emotional eating scores, low BMI was related to high positive emotional/situation eating scores (p< 0.01). There was no relationship between waist circumferences (p= 0.09), triceps skinfold thickness (p= 0.09) and negative emotional eating. Participants consuming vegetables and fruit = 5 portions/day had higher negative emotional eating scores, regardless of BMI (p= 0.04). Smokers (p< 0.01) and participants doing regular physical activity (p= 0.02) had lower positive emotional eating scores.

Research limitations/implications

Negative emotional eating was related to higher BMI but not adiposity. Active female participants were less likely to eat in response to positive emotions.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies examining positive emotion scores from many aspects. The authors also investigated the association between emotional eating and anthropometric measurements by using different methods, including neck and mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness.
Disruption, discontinuity and a licence to live: Responding to cancer diagnoses
Authors: Dew Kevin , Chamberlain Kerry , Egan Richard , Broom Alex , Dennett Elizabeth , Cunningham Chris
Published: May 2024

Although a diagnosis of a life‐limiting cancer is likely to evoke emotions, such as fear, panic and anxiety, for some people it can also provide an opportunity to live life differently. This article is based on research undertaken in Aotearoa New Zealand on the topic of exceptional cancer trajectories. Eighty‐one participants who had been identified as living with a cancer diagnosis longer than clinically expected were interviewed, along with 25 people identified by some of the participants as supporters in their journey. For some participants the diagnosis provided the opportunity to rethink their lives, to undertake lifestyle and consumption changes, to be culturally adventurous, to take up new skills, to quit work and to change relationships with others. The concepts of biographical disruption and posttraumatic growth are considered in relation to these accounts, and it is argued that the event of a cancer diagnosis can give license for people to breach social norms.
Ultrasound promoted the inactivation efficacy of lactic acid against calcium‐mediated biofilm formation by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Dai Hongchao , Zhang Yanhe , Xu Zhenbo , Stoteyome Thanapop , Yuan Lei
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the synergistic effects of lactic acid (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and ultrasound (400 W, 20 kHz) on the inactivation of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Combined ultrasound and 2% lactic acid for 5 min reduced the planktonic cell count below 1.40 log cfu/mL. Ultrasound promoted the inactivation of P. fluorescens biofilms by lactic acid and increased the release of ATP and nucleic acids from bacterial cells by 0.09–0.22 μmol/OD and 0.043–0.113 of OD260 values, respectively. Results indicated that combined ultrasound and lactic acid can serve as a potential technique to control P. fluorescens biofilms.
Natural history of pelvic floor disorders before and after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer
Authors: Brennen Robyn , Lin Kuan Yin , Denehy Linda , Soh Sze‐Ee , Jobling Thomas , McNally Orla M. , Hyde Simon , Frawley Helena
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and severity of pelvic floor disorders (PFD), and the associations between treatment type and PFD, and cancer stage and PFD in patients before and after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer; and the changes in outcomes over time.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Gynaecological oncology outpatient clinics.

Population

Patients undergoing hysterectomy for endometrial, uterine, ovarian or cervical cancer.

Methods

Participants were assessed before, and 6 weeks and 3 months after hysterectomy. Changes over time were analysed using generalised estimating equations or linear mixed models. Associations were analysed using logistic regression models and analyses of variance.

Main outcome measures

Incontinence Severity Index, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐short form (PFDI‐20), Female Sexual Function Index.

Results

Of 277 eligible patients, 126 participated. Prevalence rates of PFD were high before (urinary incontinence [UI] 66%, faecal incontinence [FI] 12%, sexual inactivity 73%) and after (UI 59%, FI 14%, sexual inactivity 58%) hysterectomy. Receiving adjuvant therapy led to moderate‐to‐very severe UI 3 months after surgery compared with surgery only (odds ratio 4.98, 95% CI 1.63–15.18). There was no association between treatment type and other PFD, or cancer stage and any PFD.

Conclusion

Prevalence of PFD was high before and after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer. Moderate‐to‐very‐severe UI was associated with adjuvant therapy.
Novel technique of laparoscopic mid‐urethral autologous rectus fascial sling for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Fayyad Abdalla M. , Hasan Moath R.
Published: May 2024

Serious concerns have been raised over the safety of vaginal mesh tapes for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Autologous rectus fascial sling and the more recent ‘sling on a string’ through a laparotomy are gaining popularity as native tissue options for SUI. We describe a novel technique of laparoscopic mid‐urethral autologous rectus fascial sling for SUI. Ten patients underwent this new technique safely. At 12 months, all patients reported cure of SUI with normal voiding. The advantages of this technique include the minimal access approach, introduction of the sutures under laparoscopic guidance, and avoidance of over‐tightening of the sling.
Does Inequality Still Matter? Income Heterogeneity and Local Government Expenditure
Authors: Drew Joseph , Miyazaki Masato , McQuestin Dana
Published: May 2024

The concern that income inequality might have a deleterious impact on government goes back well over 2300 years. In recent times, the focus has settled on the threat posed by an association between inequality and government expenditure. In this work we investigate inequality and expenditure from the perspective of a jurisdiction wherein taxes have little association with incomes, taxation limitations apply and few goods are redistributive in nature. This context prompts us to adapt and propose an alternate explanation by which to investigate matters. Our work concludes with a reflection on the importance of testing old ideas in new contexts.
Water, dust, and environmental justice: The case of agricultural water diversions
Authors: Abman Ryan , Edwards Eric C. , Hernandez‐Cortes Danae
Published: May 2024

Water diversions for agriculture reduce ecosystem services provided by saline lakes around the world. Exposed lakebed surfaces are major sources of dust emissions that may exacerbate existing environmental inequities. This paper studies the effects of water diversions and their impacts on particulate pollution arising from reduced inflows to the Salton Sea in California via a spatially explicit particle transport model and changing lakebed exposure. We demonstrate that lakebed dust emissions increased ambient and concentrations and worsened environmental inequalities, with historically disadvantaged communities receiving a disproportionate increase in pollution. Water diversion decisions are often determined by political processes; our findings demonstrate the need for distributional analysis of such decisions to ensure equitable compensation.
Diagnosis and non‐invasive assessment of MASLD in type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: Chan Wah‐Kheong , Petta Salvatore , Noureddin Mazen , Goh George Boon Bee , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun
Published: May 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease and an important cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Because of the huge number of patients at risk of MASLD, it is imperative to use non‐invasive tests appropriately.

Aims

To provide a narrative review on the performance and limitations of non‐invasive tests, with a special emphasis on the impact of diabetes and obesity.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles published from 1990 to August 2023.

Results

Abdominal ultrasonography remains the primary method to diagnose hepatic steatosis, while magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction is currently the gold standard to quantify steatosis. Simple fibrosis scores such as the Fibrosis‐4 index are well suited as initial assessment in primary care and non‐hepatology settings to rule out advanced fibrosis and future risk of liver‐related complications. However, because of its low positive predictive value, an abnormal test should be followed by specific blood (e.g. Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score) or imaging biomarkers (e.g. vibration‐controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography) of fibrosis. Some non‐invasive tests of fibrosis appear to be less accurate in patients with diabetes. Obesity also affects the performance of abdominal ultrasonography and transient elastography, whereas magnetic resonance imaging may not be feasible in some patients with severe obesity.

Conclusions

This article highlights issues surrounding the clinical application of non‐invasive tests for MASLD in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
A collaborative review of the microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair phenotype in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Gabriel Pierre‐Etienne , Cancel‐Tassin Géraldine , Audenet François , Masson‐Lecomte Alexandra , Allory Yves , Roumiguié Mathieu , Pradère Benjamin , Loriot Yohann , Léon Priscilla , Traxer Olivier , Xylinas Evanguelos , Rouprêt Morgan , Neuzillet Yann , Seisen Thomas
Published: May 2024

Objective

To perform a collaborative review of the literature exploring the microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair (MSI/dMMR) phenotype in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Method

A collaborative review of the literature available on Medline was conducted by the Cancer Committee of the French Association of Urology to report studies describing the genetic mechanisms, investigation, prevalence and impact of the MSI/dMMR phenotype in UTUC patients.

Results

The predominant genetic mechanism leading to the MSI/dMMR phenotype in UTUC patients is related to the constitutional mutation of one allele of the MMR genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 within Lynch syndrome. Indications for its investigation currently remain limited to patients with a clinical suspicion for sporadic UTUC to refer only those with a positive testing for germline DNA sequencing to screen for this syndrome. With regard to technical aspects, despite the interest of MSIsensor, only PCR and immunohistochemistry are routinely used to somatically investigate the MSI and dMMR phenotypes, respectively. The prevalence of the MSI/dMMR phenotype in UTUC patients ranges from 1.7% to 57%, depending on the study population, investigation method and definition of a positive test. Younger age and a more balanced male to female ratio at initial diagnosis are the main specific clinical characteristics of UTUC patients with an MSI/dMMR phenotype. Despite the conflicting results available in the literature, these patients may have a better prognosis, potentially related to more favourable pathological features. Finally, they may also have lower sensitivity to chemotherapy but greater sensitivity to immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Our collaborative review summarises the available data from published studies exploring the MSI/dMMR phenotype in UTUC patients, the majority of which are limited by a low level of evidence.
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid–based small‐molecule inhibitor delivery for ecological prevention of biofilm
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Li Kechen , Zhuang Weijie , Liang Lulu , Chen Xiangyi , Yu Dongsheng
Published: May 2024

Biofilm formation constitutes the primary cause of various chronic infections, such as wound infections, gastrointestinal inflammation and dental caries. While preliminary achievement of biofilm inhibition is possible, the challenge lies in the difficulty of eliminating the bactericidal effects of current drugs that lead to microbiota imbalance. This study, utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of dental caries, aims to efficiently inhibit biofilm formation without inducing bactericidal effects, even against pathogenic bacteria. The tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) was employed as a delivery vector for a small‐molecule inhibitor (smI) specifically targeting the activity of glucosyltransferases C (GtfC). It was observed that tFNA loaded smI in a small‐groove binding manner, efficiently transferring it into Streptococcus mutans, thereby inhibiting GtfC activity and extracellular polymeric substances formation without compromising bacterial survival. Furthermore, smI‐loaded tFNA demonstrated a reduction in the severity of dental caries in vivo without adversely affecting oral microbial diversity and exhibited desirable topical and systemic biosafety. This study emphasizes the concept of ‘ecological prevention of biofilm’, which is anticipated to advance the optimization of biofilm prevention strategies and the clinical application of DNA nanocarrier‐based drug formulations.
On executive functioning and childcare: The moderating role of parent–child interactions
Authors: Bernier Annie , Côté Sylvana M. , Lapolice Thériault Rose , Leclerc Gabrielle
Published: May 2024

Childcare services are widely used by families and thereby exert an important influence on many young children. Yet, little research has examined whether childcare may impact the development of child executive functioning (EF), one of the pillars of cognitive development in early childhood. Furthermore, despite persisting hypotheses that childcare may be particularly beneficial for children who have less access to optimal developmental resources at home, research has yet to address the possibility that putative associations between childcare and EF may vary as a function of family factors. Among a sample of 180 mostly White middle‐class families (91 girls), we examined if childcare participation in infancy was related to two aspects of EF (Delay and Conflict) at 3 years, and whether two aspects of maternal parenting behavior (sensitivity and autonomy support) moderated these associations. The results showed positive associations between participation in group‐based childcare and Delay EF specifically among children of relatively less autonomy‐supportive mothers. These findings suggest that out‐of‐home childcare services may play a protective role for children exposed to parenting that is less conducive to their executive development.

Research Highlights

Little research has considered effects of childcare in infancy on executive functioning (EF).

Long‐standing hypothesis that childcare is more beneficial for children exposed to less sensitive and supportive parenting.

We test interactions between maternal parenting and childcare participation in infancy in relation to EF at age 3 years.

We find positive associations between participation in group‐based childcare and Delay EF specifically among children of relatively less autonomy‐supportive mothers.
The reorganization of predator–prey networks over 20 million years explains extinction patterns of mammalian carnivores
Authors: Nascimento João C. S. , Blanco Fernando , Domingo M. Soledad , Cantalapiedra Juan L. , Pires Mathias M.
Published: May 2024

Linking the species interactions occurring at the scale of local communities to their potential impact at evolutionary timescales is challenging. Here, we used the high‐resolution fossil record of mammals from the Iberian Peninsula to reconstruct a timeseries of trophic networks spanning more than 20 million years and asked whether predator–prey interactions affected regional extinction patterns. We found that, despite small changes in species richness, trophic networks showed long‐term trends, gradually losing interactions and becoming sparser towards the present. This restructuring of the ecological networks was driven by the loss of medium‐sized herbivores, which reduced prey availability for predators. The decrease in prey availability was associated with predator longevity, such that predators with less available prey had greater extinction risk. These results not only reveal long‐term trends in network structure but suggest that prey species richness in ecological communities may shape large scale patterns of extinction and persistence among predators.
DNMT1 can induce primary germ layer differentiation through de novo DNA methylation
Authors: Ito Takamasa , Kubiura‐Ichimaru Musashi , Miura Fumihito , Tajima Shoji , Surani M. Azim , Ito Takashi , Yamaguchi Shinpei , Tada Masako
Published: May 2024

DNA methyltransferases and Ten‐Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins regulate the DNA methylation and demethylation cycles during mouse embryonic development. Although DNMT1 mainly plays a role in the maintenance of DNA methylation after DNA replication, it is also reported to possess de novo methyltransferase capacity. However, its physiological significance remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that full‐length DNMT1 (FL) and a mutant lacking the N‐terminus necessary for its maintenance activity (602) confer the differentiation potential of mouse Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b (Dnmts‐TKO) embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Both FL and 602 inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of Dnmts‐TKO ESCs in the undifferentiated state. Dnmts‐TKO ESCs showed loss of DNA methylation and de‐repression of primitive endoderm‐related genes, but these defects were partially restored in Dnmts‐TKO + FL and Dnmts‐TKO + 602 ESCs. Upon differentiation, Dnmts‐TKO + FL ESCs show increased 5mC and 5hmC levels across chromosomes, including pericentromeric regions. In contrast, Dnmts‐TKO + 602 ESCs didn't accumulate 5mC, and sister chromatids showed 5hmC asynchronously. Furthermore, in comparison with DNMT1_602, DNMT1_FL effectively promoted commitment to the epiblast‐like cells and beyond, driving cell‐autonomous mesendodermal and germline differentiation through embryoid body‐based methods. With precise target selectivity achieved by its N‐terminal region, DNMT1 may play a role in gene regulation leading to germline development.