bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘They can do many things’: rhymes as a pedagogical tool
Authors: Zhong Yuehong , Guo Karen
Published: August 2022

Rhymes are popular tools in children’s learning in many cultures, but the pedagogical underpinnings of rhyme practice are largely unknown. Drawing on insights from a study in China, this paper explores the pedagogical meaning and function of rhymes in early childhood education. Individual interviews were conducted with 10 Chinese early childhood teachers and a series of classroom observations of teachers’ rhyme practices were undertaken. An overarching theme from the data was the multifunctionality of rhymes, or in teachers’ words ‘they can do many things’. Framed by the notion of tools in sociocultural theory and existing studies on rhymes as a pedagogical tool, this theme is discussed with reference to the discourses on mediation, habitual practice, and professional support which bring to the fore some issues in Chinese early childhood education.
Financial Hardship, Religious Experience, and Health
Authors: Jung Jong Hyun
Published: August 2022

Background

Previous research has shown that religion mitigates the deleterious association between financial hardship and health. Although religion is a multidimensional construct, this strand of research has primarily focused on religious behavior or belief.

Purpose

The current study aims to extend previous findings by examining a neglected aspect of religious involvement—religious experience—and how it buffers the association between financial hardship and self-rated health.

Methods

The current study analyzes two waves of data from the Portraits of American Life Study (2006–2012) (N = 1020), a nationally representative sampling of American adults. It uses lagged dependent variable regression models.

Results

The analyses reveal that financial hardship measured at W2 is negatively associated with self-rated health at W2, net of W1 self-rated health and control measures. Religious experience of receiving direct help from angels in time of a need does not moderate this association. By contrast, the negative association between financial hardship and self-rated health is weakened among individuals who strongly agree that they experienced a supernatural miracle.

Conclusions and Implications

The findings in the study dovetail with the stress process model, indicating that religious experience serves as a personal resource that helps individuals deal with financial hardship. By highlighting the stress-buffering effects of religious experience, the current study rounds out our understanding of the complex linkages among stress, religion, and health.
Prognostic predictive value of intracranial pressure and cerebral oxygen metabolism monitoring in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Sun Zhen , Liu Jing , Dong Shengpu , Duan Xianglong , Xue Fei , Miao Xingyu
Published: August 2022

Objective

Our study aimed to investigate the predictive value of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral oxygen metabolism monitoring in the postoperative prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH).

Methods

The clinical data of 55 patients with SICH treated by neurosurgery were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups based on postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores, i.e., the poor prognosis group (GOS I-III) and the good prognosis group (GOS IV and V). Next, the ICP and cerebral oxygen metabolism indexes, such as brain temperature (BT), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), internal jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2), and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), were recorded after the operation. Further, the prognostic differences between the two groups were compared, and the predictive values were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The results showed that the average ICP and BT in the good prognosis group were lower than those in the poor prognosis group. However, the CPP and SjvO2 in the good prognosis group were higher than those in the poor prognosis group. Moreover, the incidence of low PaCO2 in the poor prognosis group was higher than that in the good prognosis group.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that the average ICP, BT, CPP, SjvO2, and arterial PaCO2 may reflect the changes in brain function and cerebral blood flow, which are significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients. Further, our findings indicated that the combined postoperative ICP levels with cerebral oxygen metabolism indexes could guide clinical treatments and predict prognosis.
Photo-assisted charging of carbon fiber paper-supported CeO2/MnO2 heterojunction and its long-lasting capacitance enhancement in dark
Authors: Yang Weiyi , Wang Jian , Gao Shuang , Zhang Haoyu , Wang Hongyang , Li Qi
Published: August 2022

It is important to develop green and sustainable approaches to enhance electrochemical charge storage efficiencies. Herein, a two-step in-situ growth process was developed to fabricate carbon fiber paper-supported CeO2/MnO2 composite (CeO2/MnO2—CFP) as a binder-free photo-electrode for the photo-assisted electrochemical charge storage. The formation of CeO2/MnO2 type II heterojunction largely enhanced the separation efficiency of photo-generated charge carriers, resulting in a substantially enhanced photo-assisted charging capability of ∼20%. Furthermore, it retained a large part of its photo-enhanced capacitance (∼56%) in dark even after the illumination was off for 12 h, which could be attributed to its slow release of stored photo-generated electrons from its specific band structure to avoid their reaction with O2 in dark. This study proposed the design principles for supercapacitors with both the photo-assisted charging capability and its long-lasting retainment in dark, which may be readily applied to other pseudocapacitive materials to better utilize solar energy.
Rational Inner Functions and their Dirichlet Type Norms
Authors: Bergqvist Linus
Published: August 2022

We study membership of rational inner functions in Dirichlet-type spaces in polydiscs. In particular, we prove a theorem relating such inclusions to $$H^p$$

H
p

integrability of partial derivatives of an RIF, and as a corollary we prove that all rational inner functions on $${\mathbb {D}}^n$$

D

n

belong to $${\mathcal {D}}_{1/n, \ldots ,1/n}({\mathbb {D}}^n)$$

D

1
/
n
,
…
,
1
/
n

(

D

n

)

. Furthermore, we show that if $$1/p \in {\mathcal {D}}_{\alpha ,\ldots ,\alpha }$$

1
/
p
∈

D

α
,
…
,
α

, then the RIF $$\tilde{p}/p \in {\mathcal {D}}_{\alpha +2/n,\ldots ,\alpha +2/n}$$

p
~

/
p
∈

D

α
+
2
/
n
,
…
,
α
+
2
/
n

. Finally we illustrate how these results can be applied through several examples, and how the Łojasiewicz inequality can sometimes be applied to determine inclusion of 1/p in certain Dirichlet-type spaces.
Psychopathology predicts mental but not physical bariatric surgery outcome at 3-year follow-up: a network analysis study
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Globus Inbal , Cascino Giammarco , Klomek Anat Brunstein , Latzer Yael
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the psychopathological variables that may predict bariatric surgery outcomes after 3 years.

Methods

One hundred ninety-six candidates for bariatric surgery completed self-report questionnaires to assess eating attitudes, eating disorder (ED)-related psychopathology, affective symptoms, interpersonal and psycho-social functioning. One-hundred patients repeated this assessment 3 years after bariatric surgery. A network analysis was run including the pre-surgical measurements in the network. A composite score derived from the combination of the most central network nodes, as well as clinical and socio-demographical variables, was included in a multivariate regression analysis with weight loss, ED psychopathology and psycho-social functioning as outcomes.

Results

Depression, stress, and shape concerns were the most central network nodes. The composite network score predicted higher ED psychopathology and worse psycho-social functioning at 3-year follow-up, but not weight loss. Higher age, restricting type of bariatric surgery and higher pre-operative BMI were further predictors of reduced weight loss and greater ED psychopathology.

Conclusions

Affective symptoms and shape concern play a central role in the psychopathology of candidates to bariatric surgery and predict post-surgery ED psychopathology and psycho-social functioning. These variables may allow to identify patients with higher pre-operative risk and in need of further psycho-social interventions.

Level of evidence

III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort study.
BugPre: an intelligent software version-to-version bug prediction system using graph convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Zixu , Tong Weiyuan , Li Peng , Ye Guixin , Chen Hao , Gong Xiaoqing , Tang Zhanyong
Published: August 2022

Since defects in software may cause product fault and financial loss, it is essential to conduct software defect prediction (SDP) to identify the potentially defective modules, especially in the early stage of the software development lifecycle. Recently, cross-version defect prediction (CVDP) began to draw increasing research interests, employing the labeled defect data of the prior version within the same project to predict defects in the current version. As software development is a dynamic process, the data distribution (such as defects) during version change may get changed. Recent studies utilize machine learning (ML) techniques to detect software defects. However, due to the close dependencies between the updated and unchanged code, prior ML-based methods fail to model the long and deep dependencies, causing a high false positive. Furthermore, traditional defect detection is performed on the entire project, and the detection efficiency is relatively low, especially on large-scale software projects. To this end, we proposeBugPre, a CVDP approach to address these two issues.BugPreis a novel framework that only conducts efficient defect prediction on changed modules in the current version.BugPreutilizes variable propagation tree-based associated analysis method to obtain the changed modules in the current version. Besides,BugPreconstructs graph leveraging code context dependences and uses a graph convolutional neural network to learn representative characteristics of code, thereby improving defect prediction capability when version changes occur. Through extensive experiments on open-source Apache projects, the experimental results indicate that ourBugPreoutperforms three state-of-the-art defect detection approaches, and the F1-score has increased by higher than 16%.
Planning and visual-servoing for robotic manipulators in ROS
Authors: Maldonado-Valencia R. I. , Rodriguez-Garavito C. H. , Cruz-Perez C. A. , Hernandez-Navas J. S. , Zabala-Benavides D. I.
Published: August 2022

This article presents a probabilistic road map (PRM) and visual servo control (visual-servoing) based path planning strategy that allows a Motoman HP20D industrial robot to move from an initial positional to a random final position in the presence of fixed obstacles. The process begins with an application of the PRM algorithm to take the robot from an initial position to a point in space where it has a free line of sight to the target, to then apply visual servoing and end up, finally, at the desired position, where an image captured by a camera located at the robot’s end effector matches a reference image, located on the upper surface of a rectangular prismatic object. Algorithms and experiments were developed in simulation, specifically, the visual servo control that includes the dynamic model of the robot and the image sensor subject to realistic lighting were developed in robot operating system (ROS) environment.
A high fidelity general purpose 3-D Monte Carlo particle transport program JMCT3.0
Authors: Deng Li , Li Gang , Zhang Bao-Yin , Li Rui , Zhang Ling-Yu , Wang Xin , Fu Yuan-Gang , Shi Dun-Fu , Liu Peng , Ma Yan , Shangguan Dan-Hu , Hu Ze-Hua , Zhou Sheng-Cheng , Shen Jing-Wen
Published: August 2022

JMCT is a large-scale, high-fidelity, three-dimensional general neutron–photon–electron–proton transport Monte Carlo software system. It was developed based on the combinatorial geometry parallel infrastructure JCOGIN and the adaptive structured mesh infrastructure JASMIN. JMCT is equipped with CAD modeling and visualizes the image output. It supports the geometry of the body and the structured/unstructured mesh. JMCT has most functions, variance reduction techniques, and tallies of the traditional Monte Carlo particle transport codes. Two energy models, multi-group and continuous, are provided. In recent years, some new functions and algorithms have been developed, such as Doppler broadening on-the-fly (OTF), uniform tally density (UTD), consistent adjoint driven importance sampling (CADIS), fast criticality search of boron concentration (FCSBC) domain decomposition (DD), adaptive control rod moving (ACRM), and random geometry (RG) etc. The JMCT is also coupled with the discrete ordinate SN code JSNT to generate source-biasing factors and weight-window parameters. At present, the number of geometric bodies, materials, tallies, depletion zones, and parallel processors are sufficiently large to simulate extremely complicated device problems. JMCT can be used to simulate reactor physics, criticality safety analysis, radiation shielding, detector response, nuclear well logging, and dosimetry calculations etc. In particular, JMCT can be coupled with depletion and thermal-hydraulics for the simulation of reactor nuclear-hot feedback effects. This paper describes the progress in advanced modeling, high-performance numerical simulation of particle transport, multiphysics coupled calculations, and large-scale parallel computing.
Leveraging Patient Preference Information in Medical Device Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Rincon-Gonzalez Liliana , Selig Wendy K. D. , Hauber Brett , Reed Shelby D. , Tarver Michelle E. , Chaudhuri Shomesh E. , Lo Andrew W. , Bruhn-Ding Dean , Liden Barry
Published: August 2022

Use of robust, quantitative tools to measure patient perspectives within product development and regulatory review processes offers the opportunity for medical device researchers, regulators, and other stakeholders to evaluate what matters most to patients and support the development of products that can best meet patient needs. The medical device innovation consortium (MDIC) undertook a series of projects, including multiple case studies and expert consultations, to identify approaches for utilizing patient preference information (PPI) to inform clinical trial design in the US regulatory context. Based on these activities, this paper offers a cogent review of considerations and opportunities for researchers seeking to leverage PPI within their clinical trial development programs and highlights future directions to enhance this field. This paper also discusses various approaches for maximizing stakeholder engagement in the process of incorporating PPI into the study design, including identifying novel endpoints and statistical considerations, crosswalking between attributes and endpoints, and applying findings to the population under study. These strategies can help researchers ensure that clinical trials are designed to generate evidence that is useful to decision makers and captures what matters most to patients.
Three Dimensional Homogeneous Hyperbolic Ricci Solitons
Authors: Faraji Hamed , Azami Shahroud , Fasihi-Ramandi Ghodratallah
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we consider the self-similar solutions to the hyperbolic geometric flow, called hyperbolic Ricci solitons. Also, we investigate hyperbolic Ricci solitons on three-dimensional homogeneous manifolds with Riemannian and Lorentzian metrics and obtain some hyperbolic Ricci solitons on such manifolds.
Application of Microbiome in Forensics
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Wenli , Simayijiang Halimureti , Hu Ping , Yan Jiangwei
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and improvements in bioinformatics have expanded the scope of microbiome analysis as a forensic tool. Microbiome research is concerned with the study of the compositional profile and diversity of microbial flora as well as the interactions between microbes, hosts, and the environment. It has opened up many new possibilities for forensic analysis. In this review, we discuss various applications of microbiome in forensics, including identification of individuals, geolocation inference, and post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation.
Comparison of intercostal nerve blockage versus local anesthesia for tube thoracostomy insertion; a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mousavi Noushin , Davoodabadi Abdulhossein , Izadian Mohammadhasan , Mehran Saeed Mohseni , Aminipour Mohammadreza , Hajian Abbas
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

Tube thoracostomy (TT) insertion is common and painful. Since thoracic pain concludes to lung atelectasis and following disadvantages, therefore pain control is fundamental. There is no general consensus on any analgesic method in this regard. This study aims to compare intercostal nerve blockage (ICNB) and local anesthesia (LA) considering postoperative effects.

Method

This is a randomized controlled double-blinded survey. Eligible conscious subjects were selected randomly from non-traumatic patients who were admitted in hospital but not candidate for further surgery. The only surgical intervention was a classic TT insertion. Preoperative anesthesia was conducted through ICNB or LA approach with total 15 mL bupivacaine 0.5% for every patient. Severity of pain was demonstrated using visual analogue scale method for five times. Also total administered opioid was registered.

Results

Data was adopted from 64 eligible patients. There was no difference between demographic variables(P > 0.05). Pain significantly mitigated following ICNB during TT insertion and also last for at least 6 h after surgery(p < 0.001). Additionally, cumulative dose of prescribed pethidine after ICNB was obviously lower than when LA approach was conducted(p < 0.001). There was no remarkable postoperative side effect among participants.

Conclusion

Preoperative ICNB anesthesia for TT insertion is advised because of its capability to reduce whether postoperative pain or need for opioid injection that both potentially are associated with respiratory depression.

Highlights
Stress Heterogeneity and the Onset of Faulting Along Geometrically Irregular Faults
Authors: Morad Doron , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Hatzor Yossef H. , Sagy Amir
Published: August 2022

We present a two‐dimensional analytical solution for the static stress field around a rough interlocked interface under background stresses and its applications to faulting. The solution is derived using perturbation theory for the defined interface topography and background stresses. The failure‐ratio, which scales the likelihood to failure of the bulk material around the interface, is calculated adopting the Coulomb failure criterion. We compare model predictions with results of experiments performed on rough rock interfaces and find good agreement between the locations of off‐fault deformation zones and calculated high failure‐ratio values. We further study the effect of fault topography on stress distribution and failure around the San Andreas Fault and find a moderate correlation between Failure‐Ratio values and off‐fault seismic events. We conclude that our model is able to delineate off‐fault regions that are relatively prone to bulk failure due to local effects of fault topography.
Intermittent Behavior in the AMOC‐AMV Relationship
Authors: Bellucci Alessio , Mattei Denis , Ruggieri Paolo , Famooss Paolini Luca
Published: August 2022

The connection between the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is inspected in a suite of pre‐industrial integrations from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project (CMIP6), using a change‐point detection method to identify different AMOC‐AMV co‐variability regimes. A key finding of this study is that models robustly simulate multi‐decadal windows where the AMV and the AMOC are essentially uncorrelated. These regimes coexist with longer periods with relatively high correlation. Drops and recoveries of correlation are found to be often abrupt and confined in a temporal window of the order of 10 years. Phenomenological evidence suggests that the no‐correlation regimes may be explained by drops in the variance of the AMOC: a less variable meridional heat transport leads to a suppressed co‐variability of the AMV, leaving a larger role for non‐AMOC drivers, consistent with a non‐stationary AMOC‐stationary noise interpretative framework.
Seasonal Variations of Medium‐Scale Waves Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI
Authors: Cullens Chihoko Y. , England Scott L. , Immel Thomas J. , Maute Astrid , Harding Brian J. , Triplett Colin C. , Makela Jonathan J. , Stevens Michael H.
Published: August 2022

This work presents an analysis of seasonal variations of medium‐scale perturbations (∼500 to ∼5,700 km) spanning altitudes from 90 to 250 km using temperature and wind measurements made by the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) instrument onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) in the latitude range of 0°–40°N during 2020–2021. Both medium‐scale perturbations (MSP) in temperature and winds below ∼120 km show semi‐annual variations, whereas annual variations of MSP for winds become dominant between 160 and 250 km. The largest wind MSP was observed at ∼110–120 km throughout the year. Spatial variations of MSP at 90–250 km do not show clear geographic patterns in either temperature or wind. Our analysis suggests both seasonal variations of MSP between 90 and 250 km altitudes are influenced by variation on both the sources of MSP and changes in the background wind.
Decoupled Land and Ocean Temperature Trends in the Early‐Middle Pleistocene
Authors: Lu Hongxuan , Liu Weiguo , Yang Hong , Leng Qin , Liu Zhonghui , Cao Yunning , Hu Jing , Sheng Weijuan , Wang Huanye , Wang Zheng , Zhang Zeke , Sun Youbin , Zhou Weijian , An Zhisheng
Published: August 2022

Record of long‐term land temperature changes remains ephemeral, discontinuous, and isolated, thus leaving the common view that Pleistocene land temperature evolution should have followed ocean temperatures unconfirmed. Here, we present a continuous land surface temperature reconstruction in the Asian monsoon region over the past 3.0 Myr based on the distribution of soil bacterial lipids from the Chinese Loess Plateau. The land temperature record indicates an unexpected warming trend over the Pleistocene, which is opposite to the cooling trend in Pleistocene ocean temperatures, resulting in increased land‐sea thermal contrast. We propose that the previously unrecognized increase of land‐sea thermal contrast during much of the Pleistocene is a regional climate phenomenon that provides a likely mechanism in favor of the long‐term enhancement of the Pleistocene East Asian summer monsoon.
Vastly Different Heights of LLVPs Caused by Different Strengths of Historical Slab Push
Authors: Yuan Qian , Li Mingming
Published: August 2022

Two large low velocity provinces (LLVPs) are observed in Earth's lower mantle, beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean, respectively. The maximum height of the African LLVP is ∼1,000 km larger than that of the Pacific LLVP, but what causes this height difference remains unclear. LLVPs are often interpreted as thermochemical piles whose morphology is greatly controlled by the surrounding mantle flow. Seismic observations have revealed that while some subducted slabs are laterally deflected at ∼660–1,200 km, other slabs penetrate into the lowermost mantle. Here, through geodynamic modeling experiments, we show that rapid sinking of stagnant slabs to the lowermost mantle can cause significant height increases of nearby thermochemical piles. Our results suggest that the African LLVP may have been pushed more strongly and longer by surrounding mantle flows to reach a much shallower depth than the Pacific LLVP, perhaps since the Tethys slabs sank to the lowermost mantle.
Questioning the Paradigm of a Phosphate‐Limited Archean Biosphere
Authors: Crockford Peter , Halevy Itay
Published: August 2022

The nature of Archean life remains one of the most contested topics in the study of Earth history. The debate may be formulated as follows: When did present day metabolisms emerge to ecological significance? What limited the productivity of early biospheres? How did the existence and productivity of individual metabolisms affect the chemistry and oxidation state of the ocean‐atmosphere? In a new study, Ingalls et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098100) apply a novel proxy, carbonate‐associated phosphate (CAP), to Neoarchean carbonate rocks and argue that seawater in the Neoarchean was more phosphate‐rich than through Phanerozoic time. Although the interpretation of CAP signals is currently burdened by uncertainties regarding Archean seawater chemistry, their results suggest Archean phosphate levels were comparable to modern seawater, if not higher. If true, then Earth's most successful metabolism, oxygenic photosynthesis, had either not achieved ecological prominence to exploit the relatively phosphate‐rich waters, or was curtailed by other under‐appreciated mechanisms.
Ion Behavior at Shocklets: A Case Study of MMS Observations
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhang H. , Zhao J.‐T. , Rankin R. , Pollock C. J. , Le G.
Published: August 2022

The existence of shocklets, a kind of solitary structure, has been demonstrated in the Earth's foreshock regions for decades. Their formation and evolution are believed to be controlled by ions. However, the detailed behavior of ions at them has not been well investigated observationally yet. Here, we investigate a shocklet observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the Earth's foreshock. Analysis of ion observations reveals that the solar wind (SW) ions are bunched in gyrophase space when interacting with the whistler precursor of the shocklet, suggesting the occurrence of cyclotron resonance between them. A more detailed examination suggests that the cyclotron resonance induces a net energy flow from the whistler precursor to the SW ions. Thus, the observations presented here indicate that the cyclotron resonance between shocklet whistler precursors and the SW ions could provide a mechanism for shocklet dissipation and SW ion energization.
Multi‐Event Study of Simultaneous Observations of Isolated Proton Auroras at Subauroral Latitudes Using Ground All‐Sky Imagers and the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Shiokawa Kazuo , Nosé Masahito , Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Sakaguchi Kaori , Spence Harlan , Reeves Geoff , Funsten Herbert O. , MacDowall Robert , Smith Charles , Wygant John , Bonnell John , Mann Ian R.
Published: August 2022

Isolated proton auroras (IPAs) appearing at subauroral latitudes are generated by energetic protons precipitating from the magnetosphere through interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Thus, an IPA is the ionospheric projection of the spatial and temporal variation of wave‐particle interaction regions in the magnetosphere. In this study, we conducted unique multi‐event analysis of simultaneous observations of IPAs and their source regions on 22 April, 7 September, and 22 March 2018, using all‐sky imagers at subauroral latitudes and the Van Allen Probes. When the satellite footprint passed over the IPAs associated with ground Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, locally generated He+‐band EMIC waves with the same frequencies as the ground Pc1 pulsations were observed in all events. The IPAs and EMIC waves had comparable narrow widths in the latitudinal direction. The EMIC waves appeared during the rapid enhancement of the ring current proton flux at energy range of ∼10–50 keV, while they disappeared at the rapid decrease of the electron density. From these results, we conclude that the boundaries of the localized IPAs and EMIC waves were determined by the overlap region of energetic proton enhancement and the plasmasphere. This overlap of ring‐current protons and plasmasphere is a favorable condition for the pitch‐angle scattering of protons by the EMIC waves. Characteristic magnetic and electric field variations with the IPAs were not observed by the satellite, indicating that the IPAs were not accompanied by field‐aligned currents comparable to that of oval auroral arcs.
Analysis of Radiation Belt “Killer” Electron Energy Spectra
Authors: Summers Danny , Stone Sarah
Published: August 2022

Highly energetic (>1 MeV) electrons are typically generated in the Earth's outer radiation belt during geomagnetically disturbed times. Such “killer” electrons can be produced by electron cyclotron resonance with whistler‐mode waves. We model this process by a relativistic Fokker‐Planck diffusion equation for the electron distribution function f(E), where E is the normalized electron kinetic energy. The equation involves an energy diffusion coefficient D(E) and an advection coefficient A(E), which depend on the wave spectral energy density. For two types of wave energy spectrum, a Gaussian and a power law with spectral index q, we seek large‐E steady‐state solutions for f(E). For lower‐band chorus, for both Gaussian and power law spectra, we find that with k = D0T0, where D0 is a diffusion parameter and T0 is the e‐folding timescale for electron loss. For a full‐band whistler spectrum, we find that if 2 < q < 4 then ; in the special case q = 4, we obtain the power law solution f ∼ E−δ, where . We compare the analytical electron spectra obtained with the phase‐space density profiles observed by the Van Allen Probes.
In‐Situ Silt Generation in the Taklimakan Desert Evidenced by Uranium Isotopes
Authors: Li Le , Zhu Xiaoyu , Li Gen K. , Liu Lianwen , Xu Zhiwei , Lu Huayu , Fang Xiaomin , Song Yougui , Zhao Liang , Chen Jun , Li Gaojun
Published: August 2022

Understanding the mechanism of dust generation is critical for evaluating the global cycles of nutrient elements and for interpreting paleorecords derived from aeolian deposits. Here, we use a novel geochemical tracer, the 234U/238U activity ratio that reveals particle comminution age, and Sr‐Nd isotopes to investigate how silt‐sized particles are produced in the Taklimakan Desert, a major dust source region having effects on global ecosystems. Based on the results from 20‐ to 25‐μm size fractions, we find that approximately 40% of the Taklimakan Desert silts and approximately 30% of the silts in the aeolian dust flux from the area are produced by in‐situ desert processes (e.g., abrasion). The silt‐sized materials in the Taklimakan Desert are mainly sourced from the eastern Kunlun Shan and are unlikely to be a major source of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Our findings demonstrate the importance of in‐situ desert processes in producing silt‐sized particles, providing new insights into the global dust cycle.
Cyclic Fault Slip Under the Magnifier: Co‐ and Postseismic Response of the Pamir Front to the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Central Pamir, Earthquake
Authors: Zubovich A. , Metzger S. , Schöne T. , Kley J. , Mosienko O. , Zech C. , Moldobekov B. , Shsarshebaev A.
Published: August 2022

The constant increase of geodetic instrumentation over the past decades enables us to not only detect ever smaller tectonic signals but also to monitor their evolution in time and space. We present spatial and temporal slip variations observed on a fault affected by a large, intermediate‐field earthquake: the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Central Pamir, earthquake ruptured the sinistral, NE‐trending Sarez‐Karakul fault system. 120–170 km North of the main rupture, the thin‐skinned, E‐trending Pamir thrust system bounding the Pamir to the North was co‐seismically activated. We derived co‐seismic offsets and post‐seismic rates observed by two dense, high‐rate Global Positioning System (GPS) profiles crossing the Pamir thrust system at different longitudes. The continuous GPS observations of the western profile focus on the dextral, NW‐striking Aramkungey fault segment that connects two thrust faults with opposite dip. We compare inter‐, co‐ and post‐seismic displacement rates by complementing the continuous data with survey‐mode GPS data and East rates derived from satellite radar interferometric displacement time‐series. All the GPS stations were shifted toward the epicenter against the direction of the interseismic load with an increased gradient in the Aramkungey fault segment. During the postseismic stage, the fault‐parallel and fault‐perpendicular rates were affected differently, suggesting gradual re‐locking of the Aramkungey fault after its unlocking by right‐lateral co‐seismic slip.
Concurrent Zrsr2 mutation and Tet2 loss promote myelodysplastic neoplasm in mice
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Cristian , Martínez-Valiente Cristina , Cordón Lourdes , Liquori Alessandro , Fernández-González Raúl , Pericuesta Eva , Sandoval Juan , Cervera José , Gutiérrez-Adán Alfonso , Sanjuan-Pla Alejandra
Published: August 2022

RNA splicing and epigenetic gene mutations are the most frequent genetic lesions found in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS). About 25% of patients present concomitant mutations in such pathways, suggesting a cooperative role in MDS pathogenesis. Importantly, mutations in the splicing factor ZRSR2 frequently associate with alterations in the epigenetic regulator TET2. However, the impact of these concurrent mutations in hematopoiesis and MDS remains unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered mice, we demonstrate that Zrsr2m/mTet2−/− promote MDS with reduced penetrance. Animals presented peripheral blood cytopenia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and multi-lineage dysplasia, signs consistent with MDS. We identified a myelo-erythroid differentiation block accompanied by an expansion of LT-HSC and MPP2 progenitors. Transplanted animals presented a similar phenotype, thus indicating that alterations were cell-autonomous. Whole-transcriptome analysis in HSPC revealed key alterations in ribosome, inflammation, and migration/motility processes. Moreover, we found the MAPK pathway as the most affected target by mRNA aberrant splicing. Collectively, this study shows that concomitant Zrsr2 mutation and Tet2 loss are sufficient to initiate MDS in mice. Understanding this mechanistic interplay will be crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the spliceosome/epigenetic MDS subgroup.
Brain structural correlates of recurrence following the first episode in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Lemke Hannah , Klute Hannah , Skupski Jennifer , Thiel Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Winter Alexandra , Breuer Fabian , Meinert Susanne , Klug Melissa , Enneking Verena , Winter Nils R. , Grotegerd Dominik , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Repple Jonathan , Dohm Katharina , Opel Nils , Stein Frederike , Meller Tina , Brosch Katharina , Ringwald Kai G. , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Hahn Tim , Krug Axel , Jansen Andreas , Heindel Walter , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo , Dannlowski Udo
Published: August 2022

Former prospective studies showed that the occurrence of relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with volume loss in the insula, hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, these studies were confounded by the patient’s lifetime disease history, as the number of previous episodes predict future recurrence. In order to analyze neural correlates of recurrence irrespective of prior disease course, this study prospectively examined changes in brain structure in patients with first-episode depression (FED) over 2 years. N = 63 FED patients and n = 63 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 2 years. According to their disease course during the follow-up interval, patients were grouped into n = 21 FED patients with recurrence (FEDrec) during follow-up and n = 42 FED patients with stable remission (FEDrem). Gray matter volume changes were analysed using group by time interaction analyses of covariance for the DLPFC, hippocampus and insula. Significant group by time interactions in the DLPFC and insula emerged. Pairwise comparisons showed that FEDrec had greater volume decline in the DLPFC and insula from baseline to follow-up compared with FEDrem and HC. No group by time interactions in the hippocampus were found. Cross-sectional analyses at baseline and follow-up revealed no differences between groups. This longitudinal study provides evidence for neural alterations in the DLPFC and insula related to a detrimental course in MDD. These effects of recurrence are already detectable at initial stages of MDD and seem to occur without any prior disease history, emphasizing the importance of early interventions preventing depressive recurrence.
The neurophysiological effect of NMDA-R antagonism of frontotemporal lobar degeneration is conditional on individual GABA concentration
Authors: Perry Alistair , Hughes Laura E. , Adams Natalie , Naessens Michelle , Murley Alexander G. , Rouse Matthew A. , Street Duncan , Jones P. Simon , Cope Thomas E. , Kocagoncu Ece , Rowe James B.
Published: August 2022

There is a pressing need to accelerate therapeutic strategies against the syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including symptomatic treatments. One approach is for experimental medicine, coupling neurophysiological studies of the mechanisms of disease with pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring neurochemical deficits. Here we consider the role of glutamatergic deficits and their potential as targets for treatment. We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-magnetoencephalography study in 20 people with symptomatic frontotemporal lobar degeneration (10 behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 10 progressive supranuclear palsy) and 19 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Both magnetoencephalography sessions recorded a roving auditory oddball paradigm: on placebo or following 10 mg memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed lower concentrations of GABA in the right inferior frontal gyrus of people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. While memantine showed a subtle effect on early-auditory processing in patients, there was no significant main effect of memantine on the magnitude of the mismatch negativity (MMN) response in the right frontotemporal cortex in patients or controls. However, the change in the right auditory cortex MMN response to memantine (vs. placebo) in patients correlated with individuals’ prefrontal GABA concentration. There was no moderating effect of glutamate concentration or cortical atrophy. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for baseline dependency in the pharmacological restoration of neurotransmitter deficits to influence cognitive neurophysiology in neurodegenerative disease. With changes to multiple neurotransmitters in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, we suggest that individuals’ balance of excitation and inhibition may determine drug efficacy, with implications for drug selection and patient stratification in future clinical trials.
A dopamine-methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel as an effective carrier for stem cells in skin regeneration therapy
Authors: Gong Meihua , Yan Fei , Yu Li , Li Furong
Published: August 2022

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) show potential in skin regeneration research. A previous study reported the failure of full-thickness skin self-repair in an injury area exceeding 4 cm in diameter. Stem cell therapies have shown promise in accelerating skin regeneration; however, the low survival rate of transplanted cells due to the lack of protection during and after transplantation leads to low efficacy. Hence, effective biomaterials for the delivery and retention of ADSCs are urgently needed for skin regeneration purposes. Here, we covalently crosslinked hyaluronic acid with methacrylic anhydride and then covalently crosslinked the product with dopamine to engineer dopamine-methacrylated hyaluronic acid (DA-MeHA). Our experiments suggested that the DA-MeHA hydrogel firmly adhered to the skin wound defect and promoted cell proliferation in vitro and skin defect regeneration in vivo. Mechanistic analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of the DA-MeHA hydrogel combined with ADSCs on skin defect repair may be closely related to the Notch signaling pathway. The ADSCs from the DA-MeHA hydrogel secrete high levels of growth factors and are thus highly efficacious for promoting skin wound healing. This DA-MeHA hydrogel may be used as an effective potential carrier for stem cells as it enhances the efficacy of ADSCs in skin regeneration.
CircKIF4A promotes glioma growth and temozolomide resistance by accelerating glycolysis
Authors: Luo Kui , Liu Aiqun , Wu Hao , Liu Qiang , Dai Jin , Liu Yu , Wang Zhifei
Published: August 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a kind of noncoding RNAs that have different biological functions. CircRNAs play very important parts in the progression of cancers. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism and function of many circRNAs in glioma are not clear. In our study, circKIF4A was identified as a remarkably upregulated circRNA expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. We performed loss-off function and gain-of-function experiments to inquire into the biological function of circKIF4A in the progression of glioma. We discovered that knockdown of circKIF4A remarkably decreased the proliferation and invasion ability of glioma cells. Moreover, subcutaneous tumorigenesis model and intracranial injection of orthotopic glioma model were established to investigate the functions of circKIF4A in vivo. Suppression of circKIF4A remarkably enhanced the sensitivity of glioma to temozolomide treatment. The glycolysis rate was accelerated by circKIF4A overexpression, which promoted glioma growth and temozolomide resistance. The glycolysis regulating enzyme ALDOA was regulated by circKIF4A through the mechanism of interactivity with miR-335-5p in glioma cells. In a word, our data showed that the upregulation of circKIF4A facilitates glioma progression by means of binding miR-335-5p and upregulating ALDOA expression.
Reversal of the renal hyperglycemic memory in diabetic kidney disease by targeting sustained tubular p21 expression
Authors: Al-Dabet Moh’d Mohanad , Shahzad Khurrum , Elwakiel Ahmed , Sulaj Alba , Kopf Stefan , Bock Fabian , Gadi Ihsan , Zimmermann Silke , Rana Rajiv , Krishnan Shruthi , Gupta Dheerendra , Manoharan Jayakumar , Fatima Sameen , Nazir Sumra , Schwab Constantin , Baber Ronny , Scholz Markus , Geffers Robert , Mertens Peter Rene , Nawroth Peter P. , Griffin John H. , Keller Maria , Dockendorff Chris , Kohli Shrey , Isermann Berend
Published: August 2022

A major obstacle in diabetes is the metabolic or hyperglycemic memory, which lacks specific therapies. Here we show that glucose-mediated changes in gene expression largely persist in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) despite reversing hyperglycemia. The senescence-associated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cdkn1a) was the top hit among genes persistently induced by hyperglycemia and was associated with induction of the p53-p21 pathway. Persistent p21 induction was confirmed in various animal models, human samples and in vitro models. Tubular and urinary p21-levels were associated with DKD severity and remained elevated despite improved blood glucose levels in humans. Mechanistically, sustained tubular p21 expression in DKD is linked to demethylation of its promoter and reduced DNMT1 expression. Two disease resolving agents, protease activated protein C (3K3A-aPC) and parmodulin-2, reversed sustained tubular p21 expression, tubular senescence, and DKD. Thus, p21-dependent tubular senescence is a pathway contributing to the hyperglycemic memory, which can be therapeutically targeted.
Fast DNA-PAINT imaging using a deep neural network
Authors: Narayanasamy Kaarjel K. , Rahm Johanna V. , Tourani Siddharth , Heilemann Mike
Published: August 2022

DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) is a super-resolution technique with relatively easy-to-implement multi-target imaging. However, image acquisition is slow as sufficient statistical data has to be generated from spatio-temporally isolated single emitters. Here, we train the neural network (NN) DeepSTORM to predict fluorophore positions from high emitter density DNA-PAINT data. This achieves image acquisition in one minute. We demonstrate multi-colour super-resolution imaging of structure-conserved semi-thin neuronal tissue and imaging of large samples. This improvement can be integrated into any single-molecule imaging modality to enable fast single-molecule super-resolution microscopy.
Visualizing the failure of solid electrolyte under GPa-level interface stress induced by lithium eruption
Authors: Gao Haowen , Ai Xin , Wang Hongchun , Li Wangqin , Wei Ping , Cheng Yong , Gui Siwei , Yang Hui , Yang Yong , Wang Ming-Sheng
Published: August 2022

Solid electrolytes hold the promise for enabling high-performance lithium (Li) metal batteries, but suffer from Li-filament penetration issues. The mechanism of this rate-dependent failure, especially the impact of the electrochemo-mechanical attack from Li deposition, remains elusive. Herein, we reveal the Li deposition dynamics and associated failure mechanism of solid electrolyte by visualizing the Li|Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) interface evolution via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under a strong mechanical constraint and low charging rate, the Li-deposition-induced stress enables the single-crystal Li to laterally expand on LLZO. However, upon Li “eruption”, the rapidly built-up local stress, reaching at least GPa level, can even crack single-crystal LLZO particles without apparent defects. In comparison, Li vertical growth by weakening the mechanical constraint can boost the local current density up to A·cm−2 level without damaging LLZO. Our results demonstrate that the crack initiation at the Li|LLZO interface depends strongly on not only the local current density but also the way and efficiency of mass/stress release. Finally, potential strategies enabling fast Li transport and stress relaxation at the interface are proposed for promoting the rate capability of solid electrolytes.
Integrated biosensor platform based on graphene transistor arrays for real-time high-accuracy ion sensing
Authors: Xue Mantian , Mackin Charles , Weng Wei-Hung , Zhu Jiadi , Luo Yiyue , Luo Shao-Xiong Lennon , Lu Ang-Yu , Hempel Marek , McVay Elaine , Kong Jing , Palacios Tomás
Published: August 2022

Two-dimensional materials such as graphene have shown great promise as biosensors, but suffer from large device-to-device variation due to non-uniform material synthesis and device fabrication technologies. Here, we develop a robust bioelectronic sensing platform  composed of  more than 200 integrated sensing units, custom-built high-speed readout electronics, and machine learning inference that overcomes these challenges to achieve rapid, portable, and reliable measurements. The platform demonstrates reconfigurable multi-ion electrolyte sensing capability and provides highly sensitive, reversible, and real-time response for potassium, sodium, and calcium ions in complex solutions despite variations in device performance. A calibration method leveraging the sensor redundancy and device-to-device variation is also proposed, while a machine learning model trained with multi-dimensional information collected through the multiplexed sensor array is used to enhance the sensing system’s functionality and accuracy in ion classification.