bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Characteristics Are Not Associated With Pain and Function in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Curry Emily J. , Matzkin Elizabeth E. , Dong Yan , Higgins Laurence D. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Jain Nitin B.
Published: May 2015

Background:

Structural characteristics of rotator cuff tears are used in surgical decision making. However, data on the association of tear size with patient-reported pain and function are sparse.

Purpose:

To assess the association of tear size, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy with shoulder pain/function in patients with cuff tears undergoing operative and nonoperative treatment.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 67 patients with rotator cuff tears were recruited for this longitudinal cohort study. Patients were determined to have a cuff tear using clinical assessment and blinded magnetic resonance imaging review. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was used as a measure of shoulder pain and function.

Results:

Tear size and thickness were not significantly associated with pain (SPADI pain score, 60.6 [95% CI, 49.8-71.5] for partial-thickness tear; 56.8 [95% CI, 42.8-70.7] for <2 cm full-thickness tear; 60.4 [95% CI, 51.7-69.0] for ≥2 cm full-thickness tear). Tear size and thickness were not associated with function (SPADI disability score, 42.7 [95% CI, 29.8-55.6] for partial-thickness tear; 37.6 [95% CI, 23.9-51.4] for <2 cm full-thickness tear; 45.1 [95% CI, 35.4-54.8] for ≥2 cm full-thickness tear). Fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, and tendon retraction were also not significantly associated with SPADI pain and disability scores. A Mental Health Index score of <68 as well as age ≥60 years were significantly associated with a higher SPADI pain score. Female sex, increased number of comorbidities, Mental Health Index score of <68, and age <60 years were significantly associated with a higher SPADI disability score.

Conclusion:

In patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing operative and nonoperative treatment, pain and functional status were not associated with tear size and thickness, fatty infiltration, and muscle atrophy. Conversely, factors unrelated to cuff anatomy such as mental health, comorbidities, age, and sex were associated with pain/function. These findings have clinical implications during surgical decision making and suggest that pain and functional disability in patients with rotator cuff tears is multifactorial and should not solely be attributed to structural characteristics.
Fatigue property of stationary shoulder friction stir welded additive and non-additive T joints
Authors: Li D. , Yang X. , Cui L. , He F. , Zhang X.
Published: May 2015

Additive and non-additive T joints were successfully fabricated by stationary shoulder friction stir welding using various welding parameters. No interior defects were observed in all joints by microstructural examination. The fatigue property of both additive and non-additive joints was revealed by four-point bending fatigue test. The microstructure and the stress concentration were investigated at the fatigue crack initiation sites of various T joints. Stress concentration determines the fracture location, and the surface microstructure influences the fatigue property. The stress concentration at the internal corner was evidently lower for additive joint than non-additive joint. The surface of stationary shoulder friction welded joint was characterised by ultrafine grains, which evidently enhanced the fatigue property.
The future of genomic medicine education in Africa
Authors: Siwo Geoffrey H , Williams Scott M , Moore Jason H
Published: May 2015

There are many challenges and opportunities for Africans in the emerging area of genome medicine. In particular, there is a need for investment in local education using real-world African genetic data sets. Cloud-based computing platforms offer one solution for engaging the next generation of biomedical scientists in tackling disease in Africa, and by extension, the world.
A unified approach for detecting and eliminating selfish nodes in MANETs using TBUT
Authors: Josh Kumar Jebakumar Mohan Singh Pappaji , Kathirvel Ayyaswamy , Kirubakaran Namaskaram , Sivaraman Perumal , Subramaniam Muthusamy
Published: May 2015

Recent years have witnessed the increasing efforts toward making architecture standardization for the secured wireless mobile ad hoc networks. In this scenario when a node actively utilizes the other node resources for communicating and refuses to help other nodes in their transmission or reception of data, it is called a selfish node. As the entire mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) depends on cooperation from neighboring nodes, it is very important to detect and eliminate selfish nodes from being part of the network. In this paper, token-based umpiring technique (TBUT) is proposed, where every node needs a token to participate in the network and the neighboring nodes act as umpire. This proposed TBUT is found to be very efficient with a reduced detection time and less overhead. The security analysis and experimental results have shown that TBUT is feasible for enhancing the security and network performance of real applications.
Antibacterial mechanism of the action of Enteromorpha linza L. essential oil against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Patra Jayanta Kumar , Das Gitishree , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: May 2015

Background

Identification of natural antibacterial agents from various sources that can act effectively against disease causing foodborne bacteria is one of the major concerns throughout the world. However, the natural antibacterial agents identified to date are primarily effective against Gram positive bacteria, but less effective against Gram negative bacteria. In the present study, Enteromorpha linza L. essential oil (EEO) was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium along with the mode of their antibacterial action.

Results

The chemical composition of EEO revealed high amounts of acids (54.6 %) and alkenes (21.1 %). EEO was effective against both E. coli and S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of EEO for both pathogens were 12.5 mg/ml and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively. EEO at the MIC acted on the loss in viability of E. coli ATCC 43890, which was used as the model system for evaluation of the antibacterial mode of action of EEO against Gram negative bacteria. Significant increase in relative electrical conductivity and K+ concentration were recorded with respect to time, indicating the disruption of tested E. coli cells owing to the controlling effect of EEO. Alternation of the morphology of the cell surface, increase in the release of 260 nm absorbing materials and loss of high salt tolerance were observed.

Conclusions

The results suggest that EEO induced a bactericidal effect via structural membrane damage caused by deposition of EEO in the cytosol or through enzymatic degradation of bacterial intracellular enzymes that resulted in cellular lysis. Accordingly, EEO can be used as a strong natural antibacterial agent against Gram negative foodborne pathogens such as E. coli and S. Typhimurium.
High-resolution seismic tracing of the transgression across the coastal interface, Brigantine, New Jersey
Authors: Uptegrove Jane , Monteverde Donald H. , Whitesell Laurie A. , Stanford Scott D. , Waldner Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2015

We have repurposed high-resolution marine seismic profiles and vibracores collected from 1 to 10 km offshore Brigantine, New Jersey, to locate, characterize, and interpret the Holocene transgression across the land/sea interface. This storm-dominated, low-slope shelf had experienced large eustatic shifts during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, causing significant lowstand erosion during marine isotope stages (MIS) 6, 4, and 2, leaving fragmented sediment packages from the intervening highstands, which were further eroded by Holocene transgressive wave energy and submarine currents. Using sediment ages tied to seismic reflectors, we mapped the offshore surficial geology of the late Pleistocene and Holocene for the first time in this region. We tied the offshore geology to contiguous onshore surficial geology using borehole geophysical gamma logs, cores, and dated material from barrier-island, estuary, and salt-marsh environments, leading to several new findings, specifically (1) that a back-barrier marsh existed approximately 16 m below the present-day sea level and 7 km seaward of Little Egg Inlet [Formula: see text] (calibrated) before the present (AD 1950), (2) that shoal features were massed in a sediment prism south and west of Little Egg Inlet, and (3) as the Holocene sea level rose, Little Egg Inlet varied little from its current location, fixed in place by the incised valley of the paleo Mullica River, a major upland drainage system since at least MIS 6.
Predicting geometry and stacking pattern of thin beds by interpreting geomorphology and waveforms using sequential stratal-slices in the Wheeler domain
Authors: Zeng Hongliu
Published: May 2015

I used a seismic sedimentology-based approach for interpreting the spatial geometry and stacking pattern of superimposed, seismically thin beds. The method was applicable to conventional low-frequency seismic data and required knowledge of the basic shape of the seismic wavelet and lithology-impedance relationship (impedance model). It was primarily aimed at those beds that were spatially extensive enough to be resolved horizontally, but so thin as to only be detected vertically with a given bandwidth, and it assumed that the data had been converted to stratal slices in the relative geologic time (or Wheeler) domain. A simple one-bed model illustrated that a thin-bed depositional system can be characterized by a seismic-geomorphologic pattern of the same spatial shape on sequential relative geologic-time (stratal) slices, but the amplitude, phase, and polarity would vary depending upon the known (estimated) seismic wavelet. This phenomenon could be captured and evaluated in the thin bed’s response window (RW) in the Wheeler domain. If multiple thin-bed units were present in the RW, the seismic responses from vertically adjacent units would interfere with the “true” seismic-geomorphologic pattern of any single thin-bed unit. The composite waveform for each of the units could be restored in variable quality, depending on its geomorphologic character, thickness, and stratigraphic position. Relative traveltime differences of thin-bed waveforms revealed the depositional history (stacking pattern) of the thin-bed sequence. A field-data test confirmed that within a stratigraphic interval of a composite seismic event ([Formula: see text] or 15 m) at least two, and possibly three, thin fluvial channel sandstones (2–6 m each) could be identified and their spatial localities and distribution could be unraveled.
Transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Change in reflective function
Authors: Fischer-Kern Melitta , Doering Stephan , Taubner Svenja , Hörz Susanne , Zimmermann Johannes , Rentrop Michael , Schuster Peter , Buchheim Peter , Buchheim Anna
Published: May 2015

Borderline personality disorder is associated with deficits in personality functioning and mentalisation. In a randomised controlled trial 104 people with borderline personality disorder received either transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) or treatment by experienced community therapists. Among other outcome variables, mentalisation was assessed by means of the Reflective Functioning Scale (RF Scale). Findings revealed only significant improvements in reflective function in the TFP group within 1 year of treatment. The between-group effect was of medium size (d = 0.45). Improvements in reflective function were significantly correlated with improvements in personality organisation.
Indian Currency and Finance: John Maynard Keynes’s Prismatic View of the International Monetary System
Authors: Cesarano Filippo
Published: May 2015

John Maynard Keynes put forward a number of proposals to reshape the international monetary system. Although variegated, they do have one characteristic in common—the rejection of freely flexible exchange rates—which, in a sense, is like a prism refracting the different shades of his many reform plans. This is somewhat puzzling insofar as it clashes with Keynes’s call for activist monetary policy. Indian Currency and Finance sheds light on the origins and arguments underlying this peculiar feature and is accordingly most significant in the development of Keynes’s work on the international monetary system.
Triangulating an Ethos: Ethical Criticism, Novel Alterity, and Mori Ōgai's “Stereoscopic Vision”
Authors: Weinberger Christopher
Published: May 2015

This essay offers a new reading of a pivotal and controversial novella, “Gan” (“The Wild Geese,” 1911), by major modern Japanese writer Mori Ōgai. Scholars (such as Dennis Washburn and Shiokawa Tetsuya) have argued that Ōgai's formal experimentation and aesthetic ideals led him to discover deep flaws in the novel's capacity for mimesis. I agree, but not with their conclusions that he therefore abandoned the form. On the contrary, I suggest that it was the very power of the novel to hold competing conventions of representation in tension, and to work through the epistemic and ethical problems of perspective raised by the act of narration itself, that also epitomized the strengths of the genre for Ōgai. His work throughout his career engages readers in moving stories of ethically complex interactions, while at the same time demanding a reflexive critical consciousness that disrupts the very illusion of mimesis on which those stories depend for their effects. In “Gan” and other works, Ōgai does not merely fail to produce an aesthetically coherent world in the process of telling an ethically unsatisfying story. Rather, he explores the ethical and aesthetic limits of the conventions of novel narration itself, with unnerving success. “Gan” represents a culmination of his critical explorations of the ethics of novel form, and not the radical break from his former methodologies that has been theorized. This essay examines the method of self-conscious critique Ōgai employs in “Gan” to suggest its benefits as a model for contemporary ethical criticism in Western academia. Ōgai's reflexive experimentation in this work shuttles readers between absorption in novelistic pathos and reflection on its ethos, exploring both the possibilities and limitations of immanent ethical self-critique in the novel. Rather than taking up “Gan” as an object of ethical inquiry, then, I propose that we compare its reflexive mode of self-critique with the methods employed by ethical criticism today. Contemporary theories of literary ethics in the West often turn to the novel for its representations of alterity—its compelling portraits of others. They generally share a tacit assumption that the novel presents a site of immersive experience whose powerful pathos requires critical intervention to elucidate in ethical terms. Attending to the “ethics of self-consciousness” in modern Japanese novels might help Western critics rethink these assumptions, while at the same time it may revise conventional wisdom about Ōgai's career trajectory.
The I-BAR protein Ivy1 is an effector of the Rab7 GTPase Ypt7 involved in vacuole membrane homeostasis
Authors: Numrich Johannes , Péli-Gulli Marie-Pierre , Arlt Henning , Sardu Alessandro , Griffith Janice , Levine Tim , Engelbrecht-Vandré Siegfried , Reggiori Fulvio , De Virgilio Claudio , Ungermann Christian
Published: May 2015

Membrane fusion at the vacuole depends on a conserved machinery that includes SNAREs, the Rab7 homolog Ypt7 and its effector HOPS. Here, we demonstrate that Ypt7 has an unexpected additional function by controlling membrane homeostasis and nutrient-dependent signaling on the vacuole surface. We show that Ivy1, the yeast homolog of mammalian missing-in-metastasis (MIM), is a vacuolar effector of Ypt7-GTP and interacts with the EGO/ragulator complex, an activator of the target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (TORC1) on vacuoles. Loss of Ivy1 does not affect EGO vacuolar localization and function. In combination with the deletion of individual subunits of the V-ATPase, however, we observed reduced TORC1 activity and massive enlargement of the vacuole surface. Consistent with this, Ivy1 localizes to invaginations at the vacuole surface and on liposomes in a phosphoinositide- and Ypt7-GTP-controlled manner, which suggests a role in microautophagy. Our data, thus, reveal that Ivy1 is a novel regulator of vacuole membrane homeostasis with connections to TORC1 signaling.
Experimental Investigation of Bifurcations in a Thermoacoustic Engine
Authors: Unni Vishnu R. , Prasaad Yogesh M. S. , Ravi N. T. , Iqbal S. Md , Pesala Bala , Sujith R. I.
Published: May 2015

In this study, variation in the characteristics of the pressure oscillations in a thermoacoustic engine is explored as the input heat flux is varied. A bifurcation diagram is plotted to study the variation in the qualitative behavior of the acoustic oscillations as the input heat flux changes. At a critical input heat flux (60 Watt), the engine begins to produce acoustic oscillations in its fundamental longitudinal mode. As the input heat flux is increased, incommensurate frequencies appear in the power spectrum. The simultaneous presence of incommensurate frequencies results in quasiperiodic oscillations. On further increase of heat flux, the fundamental mode disappears and second mode oscillations are observed. These bifurcations in the characteristics of the pressure oscillations are the result of nonlinear interaction between multiple modes present in the thermoacoustic engine. Hysteresis in the bifurcation diagram suggests that the bifurcation is subcritical. Further, the qualitative analysis of different dynamic regimes is performed using nonlinear time series analysis. The physical reason for the observed nonlinear behavior is discussed. Suggestions to avert the variations in qualitative behavior of the pressure oscillations in thermoacoustic engines are also provided.
Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus and single umbilical artery
Authors: Trong Thach Than , Duy Quan Vo , Diem Nghi Tran , Hoang Anh Nguyen , Phi Hung Le , Thien Luan Nguyen , Phuoc Long Nguyen
Published: May 2015

Patent urachus is a rare congenital abnormality. Since its first description by Cabriolus in 1550, few cases have been reported. A 26-year-old Vietnamese primigravida presented at 20 weeks of gestation for evaluation of a cystic mass in the umbilical cord, which was first discovered at week 13 of pregnancy by ultrasound scan. The cystic mass originated from the root of the umbilical cord, connected to the urinary bladder, and no intestinal contents were enclosed within. Doppler ultrasound assessment showed that the single umbilical artery existed within the normal range. The progression of the umbilical cyst continued to be screened, but the mass disappeared on ultrasound images at 27 weeks of gestation. This led to the consideration of the cyst’s rupture. After 38 gestational weeks, the pregnant woman delivered a 3350g male infant via cesarean section because of an obstructed vaginal labor. The following days, a stream of urine was recorded leaking out from the umbilical mass whenever he cried. Seven weeks after delivery, an open surgical approach was successfully performed. The baby is now 43 months of age, growing and developing normally. Since an allantoic cyst with patent urachus is a rare clinical entity, early discovery, close monitoring and accurate diagnosis through ultrasound in the prenatal period may consequently allow clinicians to have suitable attitudes towards management when the infant is born.
“Liberty" Organisation – the Underground and Veteranship
Authors: Giza Jerzy
Published: May 2015

The article is devoted to the Polish underground military activities which occurred in the regiments of the Austro-Hungarian Army. The regiments were formed and augmented in the Austrian partitioned lands known as Galicia, the illo tempore province of the Habsburg empire. The beginnings of the underground movement date back to the Autumn of 1916 when on the Russian front, in the Pantyr Pass there was the first underground meeting of some of the officers of the 20th Austrian Infantry Regiment, called by Col. Stanisław Bergman. The underground activities developed since the Spring of 1917 on the Italian front where the aforementioned regiment was transported. Very soon these activities started to affect other divisions of the imperial and royal army. Captain Jerzy Dobrodzicki who had this rank at that time, became the leader. A significant rise in the activities of the movement occurred in the Autumn of 1917 when after the so-called oath crisis in the Polish Legions many legionaries were incorporated into the imperial royal army by way of punishment and the news of Józef Piłsudski’s detainment reached the patriotically-minded Polish officers who were forced to serve in the Austrian army. In April 1918 in Kraków there was a meeting of emissaries from the Italian front with the representatives of the Polska Organizacja Wojskowa [POW – the Polish Military Organisation]. Due to the agreement with the commanding officer of the POW, Colonel Edward Rydz-Śmigły, the underground movement was called organizacja “Wolność” [the “Freedom” Organisation]. In late October 1918 the “Freedom” Organisation, thanks to their members in the garrison divisions, contributed to the organisation of successful coups in Galicia at that time (among others in Tarnów, Kraków, Wadowice and Nowy Sącz) and in the Italian front, among the infantry regiments with a Polish majority. In the independent Poland in 1936 the former members of the “Freedom” Organisation decided to establish an organisation for veterans. The general assembly was prepared. The assembly was called to Kraków on 6 June 1937. The following year saw the establishment of the Związek Organizacji „Wolność” [the Union of the “Freedom” Organisation] which gained all rights which were granted to other organisations of veterans in the Republic of Poland.
Driving Performance via Exploration in Changing Environments: Evidence from Formula One Racing
Authors: Marino Alessandro , Aversa Paolo , Mesquita Luiz , Anand Jaideep
Published: May 2015

Until recently, scholars have customarily lumped multiple dimensions of environmental change into single constructs, and usually ascertained that the more the context changes, the more value firms derive from higher levels of exploration. In sync with more recent studies focusing on specific dimensions of change, in this paper we borrow theoretical elements from systems theory to examine the possibility that the reward to developing innovative product components may itself be eroded by implicit and yet burgeoning costs to fit the new component technology into existing architectures, thereby dampening system performance. Specifically, we theoretically assess how varying magnitudes of industry regulatory changes affect the optimum level of firm exploration, and propose—counterintuitively vis-à-vis past literature—that the more radical (i.e., competence destroying), as opposed to incremental (i.e., competence enhancing), these changes are, the more the optimum intensity of firm exploration recedes. Based on quantitative as well as qualitative empirical analyses from the Formula One racing industry, we precisely trace the observed performance outcomes back to the underlying logic of our theory, stressing that impaired capabilities to integrate the new component in the architecture redesign and time-based cognitive limitations both operate to inhibit the otherwise positive relationship between firm exploration and performance. In the end, we offer new insights to theory and practice.
Evaluating the System Logistics of a Centralized Biomass Recovery Operation in Northern California
Authors: Bisson Joel A. , Han Sang-Kyun , Han Han-Sup
Published: May 2015

In this study, we evaluated the productivity and cost of each component in a unique centralized biomass recovery operation to determine cost-effective system logistics. The system was divided into three segments: collection, comminution, and transportation. Cost analysis determined a stump-to-truck and transportation cost of $30.39 and $13.91 per bone dry ton (BDT), respectively. These costs did not include support equipment, overhead, profit, or risk allowance. Transportation cost was evaluated for a total one-way haul distance of 15 miles. To control overall cost it is imperative to maintain maximum productivity of processing, our most expensive component. Therefore, upstream and downstream practices were examined to determine how they influenced the system. Analysis of the loader operation showed a 33 percent increase in cycle time when handling hardwood whole trees piled at a landing, compared with conifer slash piled within the unit. Regression analysis of the modified dump truck used in the prehaul confirmed that distance had a significant impact on overall centralized biomass grinding operations. Sensitivity analysis showed that a 20 percent reduction in productivity owing to increased travel time resulted in a 25 percent increase in grinding cost. A decoupled transport system used all-wheel drive tractors to haul comminuted biomass from the grinder to a trailer landing, where regular highway tractors completed the trip to the power plant. This system reduced delays in loading and improved access to the grinding location. Through an understanding of the complete system, a manager could identify cost saving elements, adjust upstream productivity to meet demand, and reduce the overall cost of a centralized biomass recovery operation.
A Reversed-Typicality Effect in Pictures but Not in Written Words in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents
Authors: Li Degao , Gao Kejuan , Wu Xueyun , Xong Ying , Chen Xiaojun , He Weiwei , Li Ling , Huang Jingjia
Published: May 2015

T wo experiments investigated Chinese deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) adolescents’ recognition of category names in an innovative task of semantic categorization. In each trial, the category-name target appeared briefly at the screen center followed by two words or two pictures for two basic-level exemplars of high or middle typicality, which appeared briefly approximately where the target had appeared. Participants’ reaction times when they were deciding whether the target referred to living or nonliving things consistently revealed the typicality effect for the word, but a reversed-typicality effect for picture-presented exemplars. It was found that in automatically processing a category name, DHH adolescents with natural sign language as their first language evidently activate two sets of exemplar representations: those for middle-typicality exemplars, which they develop in interactions with the physical world and in sign language uses; and those in written-language learning.
Autochthony and “Family”: The Politics of Kinship in White Kenyan Bids to Belong
Authors: McIntosh Janet
Published: May 2015

For white Kenyans descended from colonial settlers, the question of how to establish their right to belong in Kenya provokes considerable anxiety. Some whites attempt to suture themselves to Kenya through kinship narratives that reach backward in time, as well as laterally across races. Whites’ relationship to colonial ancestors indexes a bloodline on Kenyan soil, a version of autochthony that some hope will establish entitlement to land or broader legitimacy as cultural citizens. Many also posit a kind of kinship with their Afro-Kenyan domestic staff based on affective ties and, sometimes, the time-depth of their families’ association. Both narratives invoke white Kenyans’ sense that they are important stewards or patrons in Kenya, aspiring to write their belonging into Kenyan history and establish themselves as part of the nation. Yet both kinship narratives re-invoke problematic racial hierarchies.
“A Different Sunshine”: Writing Jamaican National Identity through a Girl’s Coming-of-Age Story in Paulette Ramsay’s “Aunt Jen”
Authors: Gray Paige
Published: May 2015

This article considers the ways in which Paulette Ramsay’s epistolary novel Aunt Jen (2002) dually chronicles the coming-of-age of its young protagonist Sunshine and the newly independent Jamaica through letters written to an absent mother in the 1970s. Amid the process of contributing to a national literature that reflects Jamaica’s cultural heritage of women figures and women writers, Aunt Jen promotes the search for and actualization of individual and national autonomy through the act of writing––an act of identity formation and reclamation.
“A Haven for Perverts, Criminals, and Goons”: Children and the Battle for and Against Canadian Internet Regulation, 1991-1999
Authors: Milligan Ian
Published: May 2015

Pour nous aujourd’hui, la quasi-gratuité d’Internet et la quasi-absence de réglementation à son sujet vont de soi. Le cadre de réglementation actuel a cependant été mis en place dans les années 1990, en partie par suite d’un combat concernant le rôle des enfants sur le Web. Conjuguées à un débat national au sujet de la cyberpornographie, les pressions du public ont conduit à de sérieux appels en faveur de la réglementation du Web pour cause de protection de la jeunesse. Les particuliers et les familles devraient-ils réglementer Internet, ou, comme certains l’ont fait valoir avec ardeur, incombe-t-il à l’État d’imposer une réglementation? Le présent article traite des tensions et des premiers débats entourant ces questions, débats au centre desquels étaient les enfants.
Hume on the Idea of a Vacuum
Authors: Falkenstein Lorne
Published: May 2015

Hume had two principal arguments for denying that we can have an idea of a vacuum, an argument from the non-entity of unqualified points and an argument from the impossibility of forming abstract ideas of manners of disposition. He also made two serious concessions to the opposed view that we can indeed form ideas of vacua, namely, that bodies that have nothing sensible disposed between them may permit the interposition of other bodies without any apparent motion or occlusion and that it is possible to conceive the contents of a room to be evacuated without being compelled to conceive the walls moving into contact. To reconcile these concessions with his arguments and show why we only “falsely imagine” that we can form the idea of a vacuum (T 1.2.5.14; SBN 58), Hume developed a psychological theory of the perception of “invisible and intangible distance” that has something in common with Berkeley’s account of the perception of outward distance. This paper argues that this theory is both untenable and inconsistent with fundamental Humean principles. It explains why Hume should have rejected the two arguments against the idea of a vacuum and why accepting ideas of vacua would have been more in line with the rest of his thought than attempting to deny that we have any such ideas.
Anglicanism, Scottish Presbyterianism, and the Irreligious Aim of Hume’s Treatise
Authors: Kraal Anders
Published: May 2015

According to Paul Russell’s irreligious interpretation of Hume’s Treatise , the aim of the Treatise is to discredit “Christian theology” generically construed. In this paper, I argue that in seeking to discredit Christian theology in the Treatise , Hume uses an early eighteenth-century Anglican version of Christian theology rather than “Christian theology” in a generic sense as his theological paradigm. Taking Hume’s attacks on “hidden powers” and “the liberty of indifference” as test-cases, I show that whereas Hume’s views on these topics are subversive of the Anglican theology of his day, they are not subversive of other major forms of Christian theology that were current at the time, including the Calvinist theology of the Kirk of Scotland. If this is right, then the immediate theological target of Hume’s Treatise should be deemed narrower than Russell’s irreligious interpretation takes it to be.
“Going through the Seven Circles of Hell–Joyfully, à la Motl”: Sholem Aleichem’s Missing Film Script about Motl the Cantor’s Son
Authors: Kotlerman Ber
Published: May 2015

From the summer of 1913 to the spring of 1914 Sholem Aleichem wrote several film scripts, basically in Russian, that were never published and some of them were lost. The article deals with a short, English-language cinema synopsis discovered among the writer’s papers in the archives of the Tel Aviv Sholem Aleichem House, Little Motl Goes to America, which Sholem Aleichem prepared based on one of the missing screenplays, The Adventures of Lucky Motl. The synopsis was translated into English in 1915 by Ben-Zion Goldberg (who was to become a prominent American Jewish journalist and Sholem Aleichem’s son-in-law) at the request of a certain motion picture studio. This contact with the American movie-making industry was broken off and developed no further, but the writer was very active in promoting Motl in the American cinema until the last days of his life. The synopsis provides scholars with a missing link in the genesis of Sholem Aleichem’s well-known work, The Adventures of Motl, the Cantor’s Son.
Per-versiones de sí mismo: Potestad y Paso de dos
Authors: Salman Georgina
Published: May 2015

Argentinian dictatorships have produced distinct results during different periods. One of these was forgiveness, a forgiveness granted to those who had committed acts that resulted in a wounded, resentful society. The oblivion imposed by the laws of the restored democracy resulted in a forced union of brutalized men and women in the same space with their repressors. Beyond the denunciation undertaken by many writers and playwrights, Pavlovsky’s Potestad and Paso de dos provide a point of view that blurs the division between the “good” and the “evil” person. Pavlovsky’s opaque and multivocal theatre confuses, disturbs, and even scandalizes the audience. In these works, victim and victimizer come face to face after repressive times, a process that can only be accomplished through a perverted, or per-verted, version of oneself, which not only allows a relationship to form between them, but also the reinsertion of old repressors in a “free,” newly re-created society.
Delegating to the Automobile: Experimenting with Automotive Restraints in the 1970s
Authors: Wetmore Jameson M.
Published: May 2015

This article explores the attempts in the United States in the 1970s to implement a new paradigm for automobile safety—crashworthiness, the idea that automobile passengers should be protected in the event of a crash. A large number of strategies were proposed, including air bags, seatbelt modifications, mandatory belt-use laws, and ignition interlocks. Many of these did not initially come to fruition, but they did give the automobile safety community a chance to experiment with different ways of distributing responsibilities between automobile occupants, automobile manufacturers, and, to a lesser extent, government agencies. These experiments helped pave the way for the successful implementation of a number of new strategies in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.
This Hill Is Dangerous
Authors: Oddy Nicholas
Published: May 2015

The introduction of cyclists’ “danger boards” in the United Kingdom in the 1880s established a new form of road sign aimed at private, mechanized transport that redefined ideas of safety on the road. This article explores the implications of this for established road users. In particular it considers the transfer of responsibility for erecting signs from private clubs to the state in the context of cycling’s eclipse by motoring in the early twentieth century. It uses the design development of road signs as a marker of changing power structures in road use.
Spinning on a cleaner cycle: How media management became ‘respectable’ under the United Kingdom’s coalition government
Authors: Gaber Ivor , Macrory Sam
Published: May 2015

The issue of media management or ‘spin’ came to dominate Tony Blair’s time in office, so much so that even his own press secretary, Alastair Campbell, came to concede that they had over-used it. When David Cameron came to power in 2010, although he has acknowledged that he learnt many political lessons from Tony Blair, he was keen to ensure that his government did not make the same mistakes in terms of the overuse of spin. In this article, based on interviews with key players, a comparison is made between the way the two prime ministers, and in particular their press secretaries, managed their media relations in their first year’s in office. This article, written by two who witnessed the first years of Blair and Cameron at first hand, characterizes the Blair media regime as practising ‘spin heavy’ and the Cameron regime, under Andy Coulson, as practising ‘spin lite’. It concludes that, both in terms of relations with the media and how that relationship played out vis-á-vis coverage, ‘spin lite’ was a more successful formulation.
Europa em questão: comentário
Authors: Porto Manuel Lopes
Published: May 2015

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_3
Time-varying stock return predictability: the Eurozone case
Authors: Silva Nuno
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we test the existence of predictability in eleven Eurozone stock markets, using both regressions with constant coefficients and with time-varying coefficients. Our results show that there is statistical evidence of predictability in some countries. The economic value of the forecasting models is much stronger than what could be inferred, based on the statistical tests. A meanvariance investor could have obtained substantial utility gains in most countries. Overall, models with time-varying parameters perform slightly better than models with constant coefficients.http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183‑203X_41_4
Management and outcome of placenta previa among women attending Khartoum maternity hospitals in Sudan
Authors: Handady Siddig , Sakin Hajar Hassan , Omer Rania M.
Published: May 2015

Background: The management of pregnancies complicated by placenta previa is best addressed in terms of the clinical setting: asymptomatic women, women who are actively bleeding and women who are stable after one or more episodes of active bleeding.Objective: To assess the management and outcome of placenta previa.Methodology: It was cross-sectional and hospital-basedstudy implemented during a time period of six months (July – December 2012) in Khartoum maternity hospital, and a total of50 women presented with VB diagnosed as placenta previa were selected through convenience sampling method.Results: Only two patients were deliver vaginally and C/S was done for 48(96.0%). Regarding outcome 16(32.0%) of patients were developed bleeding, 5(10%) of patients were ended by hysterectomy, 2(4%) developed acute renal failure, one maternal death and 26(52.0%) of patients were without obvious complications.Conclusions: The majority of women were undergone C/S and about (90.0%) their placenta were completely separated, (4.0%) left inside and (6.0%) left partially.
Gluing Hyperconvex Metric Spaces
Authors: Miesch Benjamin
Published: May 2015

We investigate how to glue hyperconvex (or injective) metric spaces such that the resulting space
remains hyperconvex. We give two new criteria, saying that on the one hand gluing along strongly convex
subsets and on the other hand gluing along externally hyperconvex subsets leads to hyperconvex spaces.
Furthermore, we show by an example that these two cases where gluing works are opposed and cannot be
combined.
Mir-15A Reconstitution in Prostate Cancer Cell Line Suppresses Cancer Progression Through Down Regulation of MYB and Androgen Receptor Upregulation
Authors: Todorova K. , Hayrabedyan S.
Published: May 2015

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that have a role of post-transcriptional regulators. In this study we investigated how the tumour suppressor miR-15a modulates main transcription factors like cMYB and AR in androgen sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The miR-15a inhibitor, mimic, and their negative controls were transfected into LNCaP cells. Real-time PCR analysis was performed in order to estimate the transcript levels of cMYB and AR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to measure the protein levels of cMYB and AR. A Cell migration assay was done for cells transfected with miR-15a inhibitor and mimic. We found that cMYB is down-regulated and AR is up-regulated by miR-15a on the transcriptional and protein levels. By reconstituting miR-15a, we found that its down regulation in prostate cancer contributes to cMYB-induced cancer progression and reduced androgen receptivity. The ability of miR-15a to suppress cancer cell viability and migration is a very important phenomenon for understanding cancer heterogeneity in regard to adapted therapeutic approach development.
The Adverse Health Effects of Shift Work in Relation to Risk of Illness/Disease: A Review
Authors: Shariat A. , Bahri Mohd Tamrin Sh. , Daneshjoo A. , Sadeghi H.
Published: May 2015

Biological rhythm of sleeping is a natural disparity in an organism corresponding to and in reply to cyclic environmental changes, such as daylight hours and hours of darkness or elevated and low down flow. There is some evidence, based upon epidemiological studies as well as studies upon smaller groups of subjects, that individuals who work during the night and sleep during the daytime show cognitive impairment at work, have poorer and fragmented daytime sleep, and have increased risks of developing a wide range of social, psychological, physiological and medical impairments and disorders. Circadian rhythms are one of the most important effective factors on the physiological and physical performances of humans and disturbing this normal rhythm leads to different groups of diseases. The majority of investigations in biological rhythm demeanor vary noticeably in regards to the exact type of disease, population and protocols of sampling over the other outcomes or issues. We conducted a systematic review of [Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus] to identify influence of different kinds of diseases among shift workers in response to abnormal rhythm of sleeping. The results of this review indicate that abnormal patterns of sleeping can lead to immunological issues, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, insomnia, cardiovascular disease, obesity and depression. It is vital for subsequent investigations to find a way to reduce negative effects (such as decreased amount of works’ time and altered diet) without side effects to help them.
Noun Cases of Hungarian Language in Romanian
Authors: Both Csaba Attila
Published: May 2015

In the present-day discourse of bilingualism in Transylvania, the investigation of methods and possibilities for language teaching has an important role. In Romania, it is compulsory for the members of linguistic minorities to learn and to use the language of the state, but at the same time they face a number of problems in the process of learning it. To reconsider the methods of language teaching, there is need for studies which outline the particularities of language use of Romanian of Hungarian speakers. This paper is aimed at presenting a part of this image by analysing how the Hungarian language and the cognitive features entailed influence the translation of noun cases into the Romanian language. The paper presents the 18 noun cases and the prepositions they can be translated with into Romanian.
Translation and Globalism
Authors: Peterlicean Andrea
Published: May 2015

This paper looks at some aspects that influence the status of the translation profession in the 21st century and questions the impact of social, economic and cultural changes on life in general as well as on translation and interpretation.
Applied Drama and Theatre – Drama Techniques in Teaching English for Specific Purposes
Authors: Kovács Gabriella
Published: May 2015

Theatre is a source to which teachers often turn for fresh ideas and methods. This study tries to unfold and follow the path which leads from theatre and drama to institutional education, and reveal the complex interdisciplinary connections and relations which have made it possible to use some of the experiences and methods accumulated in the field of actor training and applied drama and theatre in teaching English for specific purposes.
Männergestalten in Martin Walsers Ein fliehendes Pferd
Authors: Nagy Szilveszter Orsolya
Published: May 2015

Abstrakt

Martin Walsers Novelle Ein fliehendes Pferd ist Psychogramm und Gesellschaftsanalyse zugleich; Themen wie Diskrepanz von Lebensplan, gespielte Rollen und Alltagsrealität, sowie der Verlust des Ichs, die Suche nach der eigenen Identität, Beziehungsarmut, Produktion von Schein, Lebenssterilität und der Mangel an wahrer Kommunikation werden durch die Gestalten der Novelle projiziert. Die Viererkonstellation der Novelle zeigt eine starke Polarität der Männergestalten, die aber tief von einem gemeinsamen Fluchtzwang geprägt ist. Die grundlegende Zielsetzung des Artikels ist die Problematik der Charaktergestaltung unter die Lupe zu nehmen, sodass der Fokus an das schachspielartige Verhältnis von Helmut und Klaus gesetzt wird.
Die Rolle der Prestige im Sprachkontakt
Authors: Kelemen Attila
Published: May 2015

Abstrakt

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Rolle des äuβeren Faktors „Prestige“ im Kontakt zwischen Sprachen, die Art und Weise, wie das Ansehen, das Dominanzverhältnis die Entfaltung und die Richtung des Entlehnungsprozesses, sowie das Überleben gewisser Wörter und Strukturen und sogar das Schicksal einer Sprache entscheiden.
Small-scale genetic structure of Gracilaria salicornia and its red algal parasite, G. babae (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta), in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Poh-Kheng , Lim Phaik-Eem , Phang Siew-Moi
Published: May 2015

The present study compares genetic structure from the plastid rbcL, mitochondrial cox1, and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences among 13 populations of Gracilaria salicornia and its red algal parasite, G.
babae, in Malaysia. Owing to the unique biology of the red algal parasite, identical phylogeographies were inferred from the rbcL and cox1 sequences in both G. babae and its host, G. salicornia. Despite the low genetic variation, rbcL and cox1 showed a concordant phylogeographic split that largely corresponds to Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, except for a sample from East Malaysia that was consistently grouped with samples from the peninsula. On the other hand, G. salicornia was separated from G. babae in the midpoint-rooted phylogeny inferred from ITS data despite the failure to retrieve the two taxa in reciprocal monophyly. Gracilaria
salicornia was less diverse and lacked apparent geographic structure. In contrast, the ITS data revealed considerable genetic diversity and fine-scale genetic structuring in G. babae within Malaysian waters, probably as a result of adaptation to the local host population.