bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyacrylamide Bead Sensors for in vivo Quantification of Cell-Scale Stress in Zebrafish Development
Authors: Träber N. , Uhlmann K. , Girardo S. , Kesavan G. , Wagner K. , Friedrichs J. , Goswami R. , Bai K. , Brand M. , Werner C. , Balzani D. , Guck J.
Published: November 2019

Mechanical stress exerted and experienced by cells during tissue morphogenesis and organ formation plays an important role in embryonic development. While techniques to quantify mechanical stressesin vitroare available, few methods exist for studying stresses in living organisms. Here, we describe and characterize cell-like polyacrylamide (PAAm) bead sensors with well-defined elastic properties and size forin vivoquantification of cell-scale stresses. The beads were injected into developing zebrafish embryos and their deformations were computationally analyzed to delineate spatio-temporal local acting stresses. With this computational analysis-based cell-scale stress sensing (COMPAX) we are able to detect pulsatile pressure propagation in the developing neural rod potentially originating from polarized midline cell divisions and continuous tissue flow. COMPAX is expected to provide novel spatio-temporal insight into developmental processes at the local tissue level and to facilitate quantitative investigation and a better understanding of morphogenetic processes.
Molecular basis for the interaction between human choline kinase alpha and the SH3 domain of the c-Src tyrosine kinase
Authors: Kall Stefanie L. , Whitlatch Kindra , Smithgall Thomas E. , Lavie Arnon
Published: November 2019

Choline kinase alpha is a 457-residue protein that catalyzes the reaction between ATP and choline to yield ADP and phosphocholine. This metabolic action has been well studied because of choline kinase’s link to cancer malignancy and poor patient prognosis. As the myriad of x-ray crystal structures available for this enzyme show, chemotherapeutic drug design has centered on stopping the catalytic activity of choline kinase and reducing the downstream metabolites it produces. Furthermore, these crystal structures only reveal the catalytic domain of the protein, residues 80–457. However, recent studies provide evidence for a non-catalytic protein-binding role for choline kinase alpha. Here, we show that choline kinase alpha interacts with the SH3 domain of c-Src. Co-precipitation assays, surface plasmon resonance, and crystallographic analysis of a 1.5 Å structure demonstrate that this interaction is specific and is mediated by the poly-proline region found N-terminal to the catalytic domain of choline kinase. Taken together, these data offer strong evidence that choline kinase alpha has a heretofore underappreciated role in protein-protein interactions, which offers an exciting new way to approach drug development against this cancer-enhancing protein.
Eye-recognizable and repeatable biochemical flexible sensors using low angle-dependent photonic colloidal crystal hydrogel microbeads
Authors: Tsuchiya Mio , Kurashina Yuta , Onoe Hiroaki
Published: November 2019

This paper presents eye-recognizable and repeatable biochemical flexible sensors using low angle-dependent stimuli-responsive photonic colloidal crystal hydrogel (PCCG) microbeads. Thanks to the stimuli-responsive PCCG microbeads exhibiting structural color, users can obtain sensing information without depending on the viewing angle and the mechanical deformation of the flexible sensor. Temperature-responsive PCCG microbeads and ethanol-responsive PCCG microbeads were fabricated from a pre-gel solution of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-methylolacrylamide (NMAM) by using a centrifuge-based droplet shooting device (CDSD). As a proof-of-concept of thin and flexible biochemical sensors, temperature- and ethanol-sensing devices were demonstrated. By comparing the structural color of the stimuli-responsive PCCG microbeads and the color chart of the device, sensing information, including skin temperature of the human body and ethanol concentration in alcoholic beverages, was obtained successively. We expect that our device design using low angle-dependent stimuli-responsive PCCG microbeads would contribute to the development of user-friendly biochemical sensor devices for monitoring environmental and healthcare targets.
3D hierarchically gold-nanoparticle-decorated porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Ma Hongfang , Chen Zhanghao , Gao Xiang , Liu Wenfei , Zhu Hanfei
Published: November 2019

Porous carbon are excellent electrode materials for energy-storage devices. Here, we present a facile in-situ reduction method to improve the electrochemical performance of carbon materials by gold nanoparticles. The prepared porous carbon microspheres decorated with gold-nanoparticle had a 3D honeycomb-like structure with a high specific surface area of about 1635 m2 g−1, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The electrochemical performance of as-synthesized porous carbon microspheres was exemplified as electrode materials for supercapacitor with a high specific capacitance of 440 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 100% after 2000 cycles at 10 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Our method opened a new direction for the gold-nanoparticle-decorated synthesis of porous carbon microspheres and could be further applied to synthesize porous carbon microspheres with various nanoparticle decorations for numerous applications as energy storage devices, enhanced absorption materials, and catalytical sites.
High-performance asymmetric optical transmission based on coupled complementary subwavelength gratings
Authors: Li Shuang , Huang Li-rong , Ling Yong-hong , Liu Wen-bing , Ba Chun-fa , Li Han-hui
Published: November 2019

Asymmetric transmission (AT) devices are fundamental elements for optical computing and information processing. We here propose an AT device consisting of a pair of coupled complementary subwavelength gratings. Different from previous works, asymmetric dielectric environment is employed for unidirectional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and thus asymmetric optical transmission, and near-field coupling effect inherent in the coupled complementary structure is exploited to enhance forward transmission and AT behavior, and determine operation bandwidth as well. The influence of asymmetric dielectric environment, effect of vertical and lateral couplings, interactions of electric- and magnetic-dipole moments and the realization of Kerker conditions, are investigated in depth to unearth the AT mechanism and performance. High-performance AT with large forward transmittance of 0.96 and broad bandwidth of 174 nm is achieved at wavelength 1250 nm. Our work helps people to gain a better understanding of near-filed coupling effect in coupled complementary structures, expand their application fields, and it also offers an alternate way to high-performance AT devices.
Publisher Correction: Guest Edited Collection: Gravitational biology and space medicine
Authors: Grimm Daniela
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Authors: Priyancy J. , Bhumika D. P.
Published: November 2019

Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 (PARP1) is one of the promising target in cancer biology, specifically for BRCA mutated breast and ovarian cancer. It is a member of ADP-ribosyl transferases (ART) family of enzyme and does post-translational modification of the target protein. PARP1 uses NAD+ as a substrate, cleave it catalytically and transfers the ADP-ribose moiety to acceptor proteins to create long chains of linear and/or branched poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) as post-translational modification. This is called parylation of the target protein. One of such target proteins is Histone. PARP1 gets up-regulated during DNA damage and it repairs the DNA through involvement of natural Homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the key components of this pathway and so in cancer patients with BRCA-mutant genes, the HR pathway of DNA repair does not work. So, such patients can be treated with great potential and milder side effects using PARP1 inhibitors based on the synthetic lethality concept. At present, four PARP1 inhibitors; Olaparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib and Talazoparib are approved by USFDA and are in clinical use. All these marketed drugs equally inhibit PARP2 along with PARP1 with almost same potency.
Molecular Docking Based Screening of “Nitrogen Containing Bisphosphonate Conjugate with Hydroxyapatite” Active Constituents Towards Mevalonate Pathway in Finding Potent Inhibitors for Anti-osteoporotic Activity
Authors: Kalyani A. , Bharath Srinivasan , Parasuraman P.
Published: November 2019

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease causing bone fragility by disturbing micro architecture of the bone by decreasing Bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis is seen commonly in post menopausal women and also in patients with long term use of medications like corticoids termed as glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. Midst of the disease increases fracture risk and decreases the life expectancy and quality of life. Globally there are 323 million people above the age of fifty were being affected with osteoporosis, 34 million are at the risk of developing the disease and the number may be increases up to 1.55 million (310% in men and 240% in women) by 2050. Bisphosphonates (BP’s) like Residronate, Ibandronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid and Estrogen patchesare the choice of drugs for treatment of osteoporosis. Nitrogen containing Bisphosphonates aid in the effective treatment of osteoporosis by directly acting on osteoclasts cells by inhibiting the Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) of melvonate pathway and their ability to bind with the mineral component of bone contributing to their potency of BP’s. The P-C-P backbone is responsible for strong affinity towards hydroxyapatite and facilitate potent inhibitory effects.
Zanapezil, a Potential Repurposable Drug Against Huntington Disease: An In Silico Forecast
Authors: Sumedha Kulkarni S. , Hema Sree G. N. S. , Saraswathy G. R.
Published: November 2019

Huntington’s Disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by improper involuntary movements of the voluntary muscles (chorea), dystonia, difficulty in speech and cognitive impairment along with psychiatric symptoms. On an average the disease affects about 0.25% (∼7000 individuals) of the general population. Pathophysiology of HD involves mutation in Huntingtin (HTT) gene due to repetition of CAG nucleotide, characterized by degeneration or loss of medium spiny neurons resulting in atrophy of striatal region. The early development of the disease also shows a significant slimming of cortical ribbon and proceeds from posterior to anterior portion of the cortical regions. Further, neurodegeneration is attributed to mitochondrial dysregulation leading to decrease in ATP production and loss in calcium buffering capacitance eventually leading to apoptosis. Tetrabenazine, a current FDA approved drug for the treatment of HD, used to treat choreiform movements, inhibits Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT2) protein which is involved in the storage and release of dopamine. The appropriate treatment for the disease is still under research.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Phenylisoxazolo[5,4-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gaikwad Nikhil , Madhavi Y. V.
Published: November 2019

Cancer is the leading cause of the death since last few decades leading to the death of millions of people worldwide. Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases characterized by the growth of abnormal cells beyond their usual boundaries that can then invade adjoining parts of the body and/or spread to other organs. Also as the medication available is leading to the resistance, thus the continuous supply of new and novel anticancer drugs is the demand of the current situation. Derivatizing the existing anticancer drugs is an important strategy for the development of new anticancer agents. Lapatinib is 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, acts by disrupting the epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu pathways. Many derivatives of the lapatinib were previously reported by modification on quinazoline ring such as furanopyrimidine thiophenopyrimidine were found to be promising anticancer agents. Many isoxazole and isoxazolines derivatives have been reported for their anticancer potential, but the fused ring of isoxazole and pyrimidine is not yet explored for anticancer potential.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Series of 1,3-Thiazole Containing Heterocycles as Inhibitors of DHFR for Use as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Pawar Sunil Dilip , Mithila N. S. , Yadav Abhishek , Bhat Shraddha , Varghese Roshni , Sharma Anjali , Somayaji Sharvari , Sanjukta G. P. , Vibha S. , Agarwal Anil Kumar
Published: November 2019

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an indispensable cellular enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of 7,8- dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate (THF). Tetrahydrofolate is used as a cofactor during the formation of serine and thymidine (required for DNA replication) via a one carbon transfer reaction pathway involving pyrimidine, purine, and amino acid biosynthesis, resulting in cell growth and proliferation. It is also used in the methylation of dUMP to dTMP. DHFR is a highly targeted, pivotal enzyme in human therapy as it is the only source of tetrahydrofolate. DHFR inhibitors are potential pharmacological agents showing promising results as novel anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial therapeutics. Methotrexate is a popular DHFR inhibitor whose biological potency is offered by 1,3-thiazole, which exists in many fused heterocyclic systems. Several compounds bearing thiazole heterocycle such as tiazofurin, 4-phenyl- thiazole-1,3,5-triazines, netropsin and thia-netropsin were reported as nonclassical DHFR inhibitors. Molecular modelling studies have concluded that recognition with key amino acid Leu4, Glu30, Arg22 and Val115 are essential for DHFR binding and the thiourea moiety is seen as an anchoring group to enhance the DHFR inhibition
Design, Synthesis, Characterisation and Antifungal Activity of Novel Pyrimidone Derivatives
Authors: Vijaybhanu P. , Harish Kumar D. R. , Ramya L. , Venkataramana C. H. S.
Published: November 2019

Pyrimidones and oxadiazoles possess a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The prevalence of fungal infections has progressively increased in recent years and hence it is necessary to continue the search for new, less toxic and more efficacious antifungal agents. As vast number of reports are available pertaining to the antifungal activities of pyrimidones and oxadiazoles, combination of these two moieties may result in additive effect towards antifungal activity. The aim of the present study was to design and synthesize some hybrid molecules containing both pyrimidone and oxadiazole moieties in order to evaluate their antifungal activity. Virtual screening was carried out through molecular docking studies against potential antifungal target glycolipid 2α-mannosyl transferase. Ten novel pyrimidone derivatives were synthesized and characterized using UV, IR, HNMR and Mass spectroscopy analysis. The antifungal activity of newly synthesized pyrimidone derivatives was evaluated by Zone inhibition method against two antifungal strains Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Isolation, Characterization of Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium Associated with Pisum Sativum L. Pea and Cicer Aeritinum L. Chickpea and Their Stress Response to Heavy Metal and High Salt Concentration
Authors: Sarkar Sujoy , Chakraborty Tamalika
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen is essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Leguminous plant, having rhizobia associated with the root as nodules maintains mutual symbiosis. Biological Nitrogen Fixation helps to increase agricultural productivity and food security. Pea and Brown chickpea as plant samples were studied for isolation, identification, biochemical characterization of Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium strains. Based on white mucoid growth on the specific YEMA medium and gram staining depicted rod shaped cells in microscopic view. The microorganisms were further characterized by Biochemical tests according to Bergy’s Manual of Bacteriology namely Catalase test, Starch hydrolysis test, Methyl red test, Gelatin test, Indole test. The effect of NaCl and as metal (lead, Pb) stress were assessed on bacterial growth culture. Finally, mass production of the bacteria was done followed by mixing with the carrier materials for preparation of efficient Biofertilizer. Thus, the present work targets the problem of heavy metal pollution and high salt concentration in the Agricultural fields, focusing on preparation of an efficient Biofertilizer which can enhance productivity and plant yield even in the said stress conditions.
Cranberry and Grape Seed Extract as an Intracanal Medicament During Endodontic Therapy
Authors: Pushpalatha C. , Sneha N. , Gayathri V. S. , Deveswaran R.
Published: November 2019

Cranberry extract and grape seed extract rich in proanthocyanidin are known to exhibit anticariogenic effect and effective against oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Prophyromonas ginivalis, Candida albicans, urinary tract Escherichia coli, and urinary tract Enterococcus feacalis. However, the effects on oral Enterococcus. feacalis has been not reported. Hence the aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, micro-hardness and fracture resistance of cranberry extract and grape seed extract on the teeth.
Sansevieria Roxburghiana (Agavaceae) and Bauhinia Vahlii (Caesalpiniaceae) Offer Protection Against Experimentally Induced Convulsions
Authors: Sundara Saravanan K. , Madhavan V.
Published: November 2019

In Ayurveda system of medicine, the root of Murva (Accepted source: Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon (Asclepiadaceae)) forms a vital component in various formulations like Ayaskrti, Brahanmanjistadi kvatha curna, etc. These formulations are indicated in the treatment of apasmara (epilepsy), hrdroga (cardiac disorders), mutra dosa (urinary disorders), kustha (skin diseases), pandu (anaemia), jvara (fever), netra roga (eye diseases) and gulma (abdominal disorders). But, there are several other plant species used in the name of Murva across the country and two such species are Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. f. (Agavaceae) and Bauhinia vahlii Wt. & Arn. (Caesalpiniaceae). Hence, in the present study, protective effect of ethanol and aqueous extract of S. roxburghiana rhizome and B. vahlli root was evaluated against Maximal Electrical Shock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in experimental animals.
In Situ Extraction and Recovery of Betalains from Hairy Root Culture of Beta Vulgaris
Authors: Ashoka Babu V. L. , Madhavan V.
Published: November 2019

Today colour has become a major component of food and pharmaceutical products as it is indispensible for quick identification and eventual acceptance of the product. Colours are of two different origin such as synthetic and natural. Natural colours are known to afford natural look to the products in terms of glossy and brightness. Hairy root culture is one of the plant tissue culture techniques widely used for the production of root derived secondary metabolites to enhance the level of secondary metabolites. Beta vulgaris belonging to Chenopodiaceae family composed of red pigment betacyanin and yellow pigment betaxanthin (betalains) has been well known for centuries as an attractive food colour. The stability of betalains is greatly influenced by light, pH, temperature, oxygen etc and become unstable under adverse conditions. Hence, in the present study, in situ extraction method was adopted in order to enhance the betalain content and its stability, so that the same biomass can be regrown by inoculating into the new medium. In a commercial process this leads to high profits depending on the importance of the compounds.
In Silico Prediction and In Vivo Wound Healing Indicators of Nano Chitin Incorporated Lyophillised Alginate Matrices
Authors: Furtado Sharon Caroline , Srinivasan Bharath , Jays Judy
Published: November 2019

Chitin (β-(1-4)-poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) is considered the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. Chitin can be degraded into shorter oligosaccharides known as chito-oligosaccharides by either chemical or enzymatic methods. Chitin and its oligosaccharides, being biocompatible and biodegradable, have been reported to have several biomedical applications. The wound healing properties of this polymer have been determined primarily using in vivo studies on various animal models. However little has been studied regarding the mechanism of action of this polymer with regard to wound healing. Wound healing is a highly co-ordinated process involving inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix deposition, tissue remodeling, collagenation and epithelialization. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class enzymes that are structurally similar and contribute to degradation of extracellular matrix. They have a role in both normal and pathological matrix remodelling. Over expression of metalloproteinases is generally related to delayed or impairment in wound healing. Studies carried out on human dermal fibroblasts have reported, chitooligosaccharides ranging from 3–5 kDa to have a strong inhibitory effect on gene expressing MMP-2. However, any inhibitory activity of chitin on the protein itself has not been reported.
Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (MiADMSA) Encapsulated Chitosan Microparticles on Neuronal Cell Lines
Authors: Pardhi Vishwas P. , Sathua Kshirod B. , Floraa S. J. S.
Published: November 2019

Chitosan is a well-known linear polymer with antioxidant activity and is being used extensively in drug delivery systems. Its use has been widely explored due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesive property and regulatory acceptance. Although chitosan microparticulate systems have been extensively studied to deliver molecules with common diseases and disorders, very few reports have been published to explore its applicability towards metal toxicities such as arsenic, copper and lead poisoning. For such certainties’ chelation therapy (use of chelating agents in metal poisoning conditions) is a foremost preference and considered as a standard treatment. Such chelating agents can be delivered via formulating them into microparticulate system made of chitosan with a notion to use the antioxidant property of chitosan to reduce the oxidative load in metal poisoning. Additionally, chitosan had been reported to exhibit the chelation properties which could add extra advantages in metal poisoning therapy. MiADMSA (under preclinical investigations) is an lipophilic Monoisoamyl derivative of Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) having promising results in the treatment of metal poisoning (especially Arsenic) and has been reported to possess better pharmacokinetic properties than parent drug. MiADMSA forms chelate with metals through the thiols groups present in its structure
In Silico Studies of Benzoxazole Derivatives Using Ferrite-L-cysteine Magnetic Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis
Authors: Neelima G. , Lakshmi K. , Sesha Maheswaramma K.
Published: November 2019

In this research, a novel class of highly efficient, stable, green and eco-friendly magnetically retrievable ferrite-L-cysteine nanocatalyst has been employed for the synthesis of substituted benzoxazole analogues and was characterized by electron microscopy techniques (TEM and XRD). All new derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy). Synthesized compounds were exhibited for in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity by using inhibition of protein denaturation technique and the DPPH radical scavenging method compared with standard drug respectively. Drug ability of these derivatives also screened through Lipinski’s rule for the enhancement of selective implementation of in vitro activities of the synthesized compounds. The current protocol offers usage of greener solvents, reusability of catalyst, ease in recovery of the catalyst and more yield within short period of time. This present method affords an alternative greener approach from an economic and environmental point of view.
Formulation and Characterization of Ketoconazole Loaded Nanosponges in Hydrogel for Treating Topical Fungal Infections
Authors: Nagasamy Venkatesh D. , Balamurugan Sumalatha Devi , Manisha M. , Bhowmik Himangshu
Published: November 2019

The background behind the delivery of drugs topically is to render localized action on the skin. Topical drug delivery employing conventional formulations such as ointment, creams suffers with lower uptake of drug due to its hydrophobic nature eventually leads to ineffective treatment. To overcome these issues, topical delivery of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges has opted, that facilitates the controlled drug release over a period of time. Topical drug delivery is an intriguing and persuading access to treat skin related infections/diseases owing to their lower risk of reactions a the systemic level duly contrasted with oral or parenteral drug administration and high drug level can be accomplished at the site of ailment. β-Cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS) are composed of permeable nanostructure material comprising of hyper cross-linked β-cyclodextrin system, ensures enhancement in solubility, provides desirable controlled release wider range of drugs by forming inclusion complexes, which diminish the recurrence portion of drug and maintain a distance from systemic absorption. Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent classified as BCS II, used to treat fungal infections and candidiasis. The stumbling block in attaining the effective therapeutic application and efficacy of ketoconazole is due to its moderate lipid solubility (Log P 4.35).
Utilizing PROTAC technology to address the on-target platelet toxicity associated with inhibition of BCL-XL
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Thummuri Dinesh , He Yonghan , Liu Xingui , Zhang Peiyi , Zhou Daohong , Zheng Guangrong
Published: November 2019

A proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of utilizing a PROTAC approach to achieve tissue selectivity.
Electrochemical nitrogen fixation and utilization: theories, advanced catalyst materials and system design
Authors: Guo Wenhan , Zhang Kexin , Liang Zibin , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang
Published: November 2019

Design and synthesis of advanced nanomaterials towards electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction and transformation are concluded from both structural and compositional aspects.
Preparation of cobalt borides by solid–gas reactions
Authors: Henschel Anne , Binnewies Michael , Schmidt Marcus , Burkhardt Ulrich , Prots Yurii , Grin Yuri
Published: November 2019

The hot-wire method is presented as a new preparation route for cobalt borides. Co2B and CoB were obtained as single-phase bulk materials by controlling the partial pressures ratio of a reactive and an inert gas. The reaction mechanism is analysed.
Thioether-based recyclable metal–organic frameworks for selective and efficient removal of Hg2+ from water
Authors: Li Kan , Li Jing-jing , Zhao Ni , Xie Ting-ting , Di Bin , Xu Li-li
Published: November 2019

Hg2+ is highly toxic and hazardous and widely found in polluted water.
Biomimetic photocatalytic sulfonation of alkenes to access β-ketosulfones with single-atom iron site
Authors: Wen Jiangwei , Yang Xiaoting , Sun Zongzhao , Yang Jianjing , Han Ping , Liu Qiuxia , Dong Hongyan , Gu Meng , Huang Limin , Wang Hua
Published: November 2019

A biomimetic photocatalyst of single-atom iron site (CNH) has been initially fabricated through coupling carbon nitride with hemin for the visible light-promoted sulfonation of alkenes to access β-ketosulfones.
Self-assembly and photo-responsive behavior of bis-terpyridyl Eu3+-complex L1
Authors: Dong Chuan , Yuan Jin , Hoffmann Heinz , Hao Jingcheng
Published: November 2019

In the present paper, a bis-terpyridyl Eu3+ complex (bis-terpyridyl Eu3+-complex L1) was synthesized through the coordination between Eu3+ and a compound L1 with an azobenzene-functionalized chain between the two terpyridine ligands.
Electronic effects in tautomeric equilibria: the case of chiral imines from d-glucamine and 2-hydroxyacetophenones
Authors: Matamoros Esther , Cintas Pedro , Light Mark E. , Palacios Juan C.
Published: November 2019

Hammett plots show straightforward relationships for tautomeric equilibria in a new class of chiral imine–enamine structures.
Transition-metal free C3-amidation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using Selectfluor as a mild oxidant
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Zhu Jun-Liang , Li Bing , Yang Liang-Yu , Mao Pu , Zhang Shou-Ren , Li Yan-Chun , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: November 2019

An efficient and convenient protocol for the synthesis of 3-amidated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was developed via transition-metal free direct oxidative amidation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with amidates using Selectfluor reagent as a mild oxidant.
Elucidating the effect of sequence and degree of polymerization on antimicrobial properties for block copolymers
Authors: Barbon Stephanie M. , Truong Nghia P. , Elliott Alysha G. , Cooper Matthew A. , Davis Thomas P. , Whittaker Michael R. , Hawker Craig J. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: November 2019

Sequence-controlled copolymers have recently attracted great interest in a variety of applications, including antimicrobial materials.
New development of Immune checkpoints blockade in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Feixuan
Published: November 2019

Immunotherapy has become the main stream in cancer treatment nowadays. It includes T cell, NK cell targeted therapy, as well as antibody targeted therapy and its derivatives. Recently immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) has been developed, which are said to be a better method in treatment. The release of negative regulators of immune activation has resulted in unprecedented rates of long-lasting tumor responses in patients with a variety of cancers. This can be achieved by antibodies blocking the cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) pathway or the lymphocyte-activated gene-3 (LAG-3) pathway, either alone or in combination. Improvement of treatment benefits from the research in molecular mechanisms of ICB. For example, mechanism of LAG-3 and its valid ligands is unclear, which leads to a misunderstanding that the antibody might be ineffective. After finding these results demonstrating that fibrinogen-like protein 1(FGL1) is an important functional ligand of LAG-3, it reveals the role of this LAG 3-FGL1 pathway in tumor immunity. Although there are some potential side effects, these therapies turn out to have lots of positive effects on most patients. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest advances, hoping that it may have a great contribution to the cancer treatment.
Recent Progress of Membrane Distillation Technology Applied in Desalination
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: November 2019

Membrane distillation (MD), as a biphasic separation method, has promising application prospect in seawater and brackish water desalination with desirable properties such as low energy consumption, cost-effective and high salt rejection, which has attracted more attention from researchers to explore its potential. In this paper, we summarize the operating mechanism and typical configurations of MD. Recent advances in three main research directions, including reforming membrane material, optimizing separation process and changing power source, are briefly overviewed. Additionally, challenges of future studies in MD are discussed at the end of this review, which purports to provide a reference for further development.
Thermal properties of Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) intercalation complexes-A review
Authors: Zhang Ao , Zhang Yinmin , Zhu Zhiling
Published: November 2019

The organic/inorganic intercalated complexes have attracted more interests in past. This paper reviewed the layered structure of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) intercalated by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), potassium acetate (KAc), N-methylformamide (NMF), urea and acrylamide (AM). The microstructure and model of halloysite intercalated complexes were investigated. The research difficulties and application fields of halloysite intercalated complexes were proposed.
Remote Sensing Investigation of Geological Hazards in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province
Authors: Yu Min , Chao Jiangqin
Published: November 2019

Xingguo County is located in the middle and low hilly mountainous areas. The area of the landslide, collapse and debris flow geological disasters is large. The sudden geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides caused by heavy rainfall are increasing year by year. This study mainly used high-altitude aerial imagery (0.5m) and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery covering Xingguo County as the data source, carried out remote sensing interpretation of geological environment background conditions and geological disasters in the whole area, and carried out on-site verification. At the same time, the correlation between the stratigraphic structure, topography and other factors in the study area and the spatial distribution characteristics of geological disaster points are discussed. The results show that: (1) based on remote sensing image interpretation of 377 geological disaster points; 83 landslide points, 229 hidden danger points, 17 collapse points, 26 hidden danger points, 1 hidden danger point, ground collapse point 1 At 20 places in the geological environment. (2) From the results of remote sensing interpretation, the types of geological disasters in the work area are mainly landslides and landslide hazards (including collapse type), and there are fewer collapses, collapses and debris flow hazards, and most landslide hazard points are unstable. (3) From the distribution of geological disasters, it is mainly within the scope of artificial influence. The construction of excavation slopes on the roads leads to instability of the slopes and induces disasters under the influence of rainfall. In addition, there are a large number of artificial mining mines in the work area. These places are also prone to geological disasters due to unreasonable mining and subsequent prevention and control work. (4) Areas with strong human activities, areas near the fault structure and water system roads are the main influencing factors for geological disasters in the work area.
Behavioral patterns of consumers participating in food safety and social co-governance: consumption choices and environmental improvement
Authors: Qiu Menghui , Zhao Zhijing
Published: November 2019

Consumers are the most direct stakeholders of food safety, and their effective participation is the key to the social Co-governance of food safety. Based on the specific behaviors of Chinese consumers participating directly and indirectly in the social Co-governance of food safety, using the data of 350 consumers’ behavior survey and factor analysis and cluster analysis, this paper extracts two kinds of behavior models of Chinese consumers participating in the social Co-governance of food safety, namely, consumption choices model and environment improvement model. It is found that Chinese consumers are inclined to adopt the “environment improvement” model at this stage, which is the inevitable result of the current food safety pressure in China. The government should formulate corresponding policies to better guide consumers to participate in the social Co-governance of food safety.
Effect of economic benefit for Paeonia ostii barks in difference cultivation management treatments
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhao Jun-Hui , Wang Zhi-jun , Zhao Han , Luo Ying , Liu Jin-Feng , Zhu Gao-pu , Han Ji-Hong , Chen Liang
Published: November 2019

To increase the yield and quality of Paeonia ostii barks, the research of economic income under Juglans regia trees in difference cultivation management treatments were explored. Four treatments were designed in this study, removing flower bud (T1), clip deadwood and root tillers (T2), spraying Bordeaux mixture on the leaves (T3) and commonly management (T4, CK). The results showed that the yield of cortex moutan in total, first grade and second grade were significantly higher (p≤0.05) than CK, among these treatments, T3 reached to 102.1g per tree that was the highest grades. In quality part, T1 and T2 were not significant than treatment CK in paeonol contents, but the T3 was the significantly higher (p≤0.05) than CK and reached to 1.82% contents. In economic input, treatments were obvious higher than CK, and the T3 reached to 67780.5 RMB that was 13935.5 RMB higher than CK. The leaves disease might be main negative factor for yield and quality of cortex moutan in Luoyang area, Henan province, so spraying Bordeaux mixture with concentration bluestone: quicklime: water = 1: 2: 200 (w/w) on the leaves from middle May to harvest of Paeonia ostii interval 20 d at every year was the best methods in this study because it had small difficulty management, lower labour intensity and higher benefit results in suitable for application in the cultivation model of intercropping Paeonia suffruticosa under Juglans regia trees.
Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Barking on Growth Potential in Xishuangbanna Area
Authors: Yueshu Zhao , Yin Tang , Xue Xiaoming
Published: November 2019

Xishuangbanna is the most important tropical rainforest region in southwestern China, with important ecological and economic value. In order to obtain the huge economic benefits of planting Pu’er tea, the local people often use the method of ‘annular barking’ for the trees suitable for planting tea trees, so that the tea trees can absorb more nutrients and thus obtain higher economic benefits. In this paper, random sampling method is used to collect data of 12 species of trees totaling 1753 samples in Xishuangbanna where cases of barking happen frequently. By collecting the data such as the year of barking, the growth environment of trees and the growth potential of trees, using linear regression analysis, a regression equation for the tree growth potential and the year of the barking. Through analysis, it is found that the growth potential of the barked trees is negatively correlated with the years after being barked, and the regression equation for the relationship between survival rate and years after being barked is: Y=46.366-8.289x. The conclusion of this study will provide evidence of the tree damage and deaths caused by barking for forest police in Xishuangbanna, and provide strong theoretical support for the effective fight against criminals.
Research and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Contaminated Site
Authors: Jiang Jiong
Published: November 2019

This paper made the research on the heavy metal pollution situations in three areas of contaminated sites in Weinan city, including reactor, pollution source and administrative area. The results show that the contaminated sites are polluted at different levels, mainly Hg and As. The evaluation results of nemerow indexes demonstrate that the comprehensive pollution index of soil in reactor area is polluted seriously, the comprehensive pollution index of soil in pollution source area belongs to mild pollution and middle pollution and the comprehensive pollution index of soil in the administrative area belongs to clean pollution. The potential ecological risk of polluted site was evaluated by ecological hazard index method. The results show that the total potential ecological harm of soil in reactor belongs to strong grade. The potential ecological harm of Hg is strong, the potential ecological harm of Cd belongs to the medium level, As of 80% point belongs to the strong level, and As of 20% of the points belongs to the middle level. The potential ecological hazards of Hg and Cd are moderate. The potential ecological risk of Hg is strong, the potential ecological risk of Cd belongs to the middle level and the rest heavy metals are in the safety range. Moreover, the total potential ecological harm of soil is in the safety margin.
Inhibitory Effects of Oyster Shell on the Spathe “Greenback” ofAnthurium andraeanumLind.
Authors: Xia Chun-hua , Chen Yi-wei , Chen Jian-hua
Published: November 2019

Anthurium andraeanumLind. is an important tropical flower. However, the spathe ofA. andraeanumdevelops a ”greenback” under low-light conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the use of oyster shell supplementation as a cultivation technique for inhibiting the spathe “greenback” ofA. andraeanumunder low-light conditions. Appropriate calcium from micro-dissolution of oyster shell can improve the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Using regression models and response surface methodology (RSM), the relationships between oyster shell fragments and the anthocyanin content were determined. The results showed that the solubility of oyster shells increased with the increase in fragment weight, C, and time, T at pH 5.9. In oyster shell substrate, cultivation ofA. andraeanumunder low-light conditions (less than 220 μmol·m−2·s−1) at pH 5.9, regression analysis showed that the PAL activity in pedicels ofA. andraeanumfirst increased and then decreased with the increase in oyster shell fragment weight C, and the 286 mg oyster shell fragments greatly increased the PAL activity ofA. andraeanumpedicels within 8 weeks (w). The 286 mg oyster shell fragments significantly increased the anthocyanin content inA. andraeanumspathes under weak-light conditions within 8 h, and the soluble sugar content reached the maximum value at 15 weeks as well, together with the pedicel diameter, soluble sugar and water content, thus inhibiting the spathe “greenback” ofA. andraeanum.
Comparative Study on Cold Resistance Physiology of Red Pulp Pitaya and White Pulp Pitaya
Authors: Gong Yan , Bi Xiaoyi , Deng Lijun , Hu Juan , Jiang Shan , Tan Lin , Wang Tingting , Luo Xian
Published: November 2019

The red pulp pitaya variety ’Taiwan No. 2’ and the white pulp pitaya variety ’white crystal’ were used as experimental materials, which were cold stressed at low temperature of 3 °C for 48h, 96h, and recovering at room temperature after 96h cold stress for control. The relative conductivity (REC), malondialdehyde content (MDA), soluble sugar content (SS), soluble protein content (SP), free proline content (Pro), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined and the cold resistance were analyzed. The results showed that, after cold stress, the SP, Pro content and SOD and CAT activities of ’White Crystal’ pitaya were higher than that of ’Taiwan No. 2’ pitaya. It showed that the cold resistance of ’White Crystal’ white pulp pitaya was stronger than that of ’Taiwan No. 2’ red pulp pitaya.
Study of board bending degree on hydrodynamic performances of a single-layer cambered otter-board
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Lu Min , Liu Yong Li , Yu Wen Wen , Qi Guang Rui , Wang Yong Jin , Zhang Xun , Zhang Rong Jun
Published: November 2019

The effect of board bending degree on hydrodynamic performances of a single-layer cambered otter-board was investigated using engineering models in a wind tunnel. Three different bending degree boards were evaluated at a wind speed of 28 m/s. Parameters measured included: drag coefficient Cx, lift coefficient Cy, pitch moment coefficient Cm, center of pressure coefficient Cp , over a range of angle of attack (0° to 70°). These coefficients were used in analyzing the differences in the performance among the three otter-board models. Results showed that the bending of the board(No. 2, No. 3) increased the water resistance of the otter-board, and improved the lift coefficient of the otter-board in the small angle of attack (0°<α≤20 °) ; the maximum lift coefficients Cy of otter-board model (No. 1) was higher (1.680, α = 25°). the maximum lift–drag ratios of models (No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3) are 6.822 (α = 7.5 °), 6.533 (α = 2.5 °) and 6.384 (α = 5.0°), which showed that the board bending reduces the lift-to-drag ratio of the otter-board.The stability of the No. 3 model was better than those two models (No. 1, No. 2) in most range of attack angle, but No. 1 otter-board model had a better stability in roll of otter-board. The findings of this study can offer useful reference data for the structural optimization of otter-boards for trawling.
Evaluation of Agricultural Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Taihang Mountain Area
Authors: Liu Hong-Yao , Wen Li-Hua
Published: November 2019

Based on the relevant data of nature, society, economics and water resources of eight sub-areas of Taihang Mountain from 2016, this paper selected six main evaluation factors including use efficiency of water resources, water deficient ratio, irrigation ration of arable land, precipitation amount of precipitation, per capita water resources and ecological water use ratio, and quantitatively researched water resources carrying capacity of eight sub-areas by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluated results show that the comprehensive grade of the study area was higher than 0.614, and the current water exploitation and utilization have reached a considerable scale, but still has certain potentiality. Overall, water resources supply and demand are able to partly satisfy the regional development in the the study area. For the eight sub-areas, the water resources carrying capacity status is very different. Handan, Xingtai and Shijiazhuang have a weak water resources carrying capacity, while water resources carrying capacity of other sub-areas is relatively strong. Finally, according to different regions of the water resources carrying condition, this paper puts forward the corresponding measures in Taihang Mountain Area.
Comparison of the Composition of Three Mahonia Plants Based on GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Guo Haitao , Xue Xiaoming , Nan Chenghui , Liu Xi , Wang Zehui , Dao Bin
Published: November 2019

Plant material evidence inspection is Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr., Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) and Mahonia bodinieri Gagnep. are three common medicinal plants commonly found in Mahonia. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to compare the chemical constituents of stems and leaves of these three plants. The results showed that 6 of the volatile oils of the three plant species contained the same chemical composition, which was neophytadiene, palmitic acid, n-dodecane, octacosane, erucamide, and vitamin E oil, but the percentage content was difference. The main components of the volatile oils of the three plant stems were different. Erucamide was only detected in Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde, oleic acid amide only detected in Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. , and oxidized cyclooctene , and four compounds such as triphenylphosphine oxide was detected in Mahonia bodinieri Gagnep. ..
Study on introduction of Cerasus clarofolia in Huangshan
Authors: Nan Cheng-hui , Xue Xiao-ming , Xie Chun-ping , Yi Xian-gui , Wang Xian-rong , Tang Geng-guo
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the habitat of Cerasus clarofolia was investigated and analysed, under natural conditions the growth of Cerasus clarofolia is influenced by low temperature of winter. The seeds of Cerasus clarofolia need low-temperature to germination. The seedling with 4 leaves grew well after introduction, the survival rate reached 79.7%. Planting with clear water was found easier to take roots, the roots were come from the lenticels, under diffent environmental conditions, the lenticels formed morphological, physiological differences are the important factors take roots for Cerasus.