bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes in broilers with chronic aflatoxicosis fed glucomannan-containing yeast product (Mycosorb) and sodium bentonite
Authors: Azizpour Aidin , Moghadam Navid
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of yeast glucomannan (YG) and sodium bentonite (SB) in reducing the toxicity in broilers fed a diet naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Three hundred 7-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were chosen and randomly assigned to 10 dietary treatments. Serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes in the liver were investigated at 42 d of age. Chickens fed a diet containing 250 ppb of aflatoxin displayed a decrease in uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and an increase in serum activities of AST and ALT when compared to control group. There were considerable gross and histopathological hepatic lesions (P < 0.05) in the form of small to moderate hydropic and/or fatty degeneration, bile duct hyperplasia, periportal fibrosis, cells infiltration, and congestion, in chickens fed the 250 ppb aflatoxincontaining diet. The addition of YG and SB to the aflatoxin-containing diet partially reduced the negative effects of aflatoxin. The 0.1% YG supplementation to the aflatoxin-contaminated diet significantly prevented the pathological effect of aflatoxin on serum biochemical parameters and liver, and was found to be more effective than other treatments.
Contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with Clostridium botulinum
Authors: Mustafina Raikhan , Maikanov Balgabay , Wiśniewski Jan , Tracz Michał , Anusz Krzysztof , Grenda Tomasz , Kukier Elżbieta , Goldsztejn Magdalena , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: July 2015

The paper presents the first results of a study on the contamination of honey produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan with C. botulinum spores known to pose a potential infection threat to infants. During microbiological analysis, culturing methods with TPGY, Willis-Hobbs agar, FAA agar connected with PCR, sequencing, and a mouse bioassay were used. The C. botulinum contamination rate of honey was relatively low as determined, at 0.91%. Nonetheless, the potential danger of the bacteria to childrens’ health should not be neglected
Immunohistochemical evaluation of neoangiogenesis in canine mast cell tumours
Authors: Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Madej Janusz A. , Dzimira Stanisław , Janus Izabela , Nowak Marcin , Ciaputa Rafał
Published: July 2015

The aim of the study was to assess the microvessel density based on the analysis of the expression of the CD31, VEGF, and LIMS-1 proteins in canine mast cell tumours. The study was conducted on 60 mastocytomas; 16 cases were classified as the grade I, 26 as the grade II, and 18 as the grade III. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation only between the grade of the tumour and the expression of LIMS-1. In conclusion, LIMS-1 could be successfully used as a prognostic endothelial cell marker in mast cell tumour. CD31 may be a useful marker, but further examinations are necessary. VEGF is not recommended
Evaluation of sperm chromatin structure in boar semen
Authors: Banaszewska Dorota , Andraszek Katarzyna , Biesiada-Drzazga Barbara
Published: July 2015

This study was an attempt to evaluate sperm chromatin structure in the semen of insemination boars. Preparations of semen were stained with acridine orange, aniline blue, and chromomycin A3. Abnormal protamination occurred more frequently in young individuals whose sexual development was not yet complete, but may also be an individual trait. This possibility is important to factor into the decision regarding further exploitation of insemination boars. Thus a precise assessment of abnormalities in the protamination process would seem to be expedient as a tool supplementing morphological and molecular evaluation of semen. Disruptions in nucleoprotein structure can be treated as indicators of the biological value of sperm cells.
Boar sperm quality in relation to presence of sp32-like protein in spermatozoa - preliminary studies
Authors: Orzołek Aleksandra , Wysocki Paweł , Strzeżek Jerzy , Koziorowska-Gilun Magdalena , Dziekońska Anna , Kordan Władysław
Published: July 2015

The aim of the study was to analyse sperm proteomes of ejaculates from Polish Large White (PLW) and Polish Landrace (PL) boars and to identify differences which putatively influence semen quality. Spermatozoa protein profiles were analysed by electrophoretic methods followed by selected techniques to evaluate semen quality on the following factors: sperm motility, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA production), ATP content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) of seminal plasma. A protein with an estimated molecular weight of 30 kDa was found in spermatozoa of selected ejaculates. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that this polypeptide is most similar to proacrosin binding protein (sp32). The presence of the protein was more frequently observed in sperm extracts obtained in spring-summer period. Ejaculates containing sp32-like protein demonstrated significantly higher spermatozoa motility, lower inhibition of MDA production by seminal plasma, and higher SOD activity in seminal plasma. Boar semen which included sp32-like protein also demonstrated lower ATP levels in spermatozoa as well as higher TAS and lower TOS of seminal plasma, though the differences were not statistically significant. Ejaculates from PLW boars, with sp32-like protein present in sperm, were characterised by significantly higher sperm motility, lower ATP content in spermatozoa, and higher TAS of seminal plasma. The diminished parameters of semen quality were observed in ejaculates from PL boars that also contained the discussed protein, but the differences were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the presence of sp32-like protein in boar spermatozoa could influence semen quality
Effect of therapeutic doses of enrofloxacin on circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs
Authors: Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata , Pejsak Zygmunt
Published: July 2015

Twenty pigs of similar genetics (PIC) were used. Pigs were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (ENRO, n = 10) and control (C, n = 10). From day 0 to day 4, pigs from ENRO group received enrofloxacin at the recommended therapeutic dose. Pigs from C group received PBS instead of enrofloxacin. Blood samples were collected on days 0 (before antibiotic administration), 2, 4 (during antibiotic therapy), 9, and 13 of the study (after enrofloxacin administration). Haematological examination and flow cytometry were used to establish the relative and absolute counts of various leukocyte subsets. Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by fluorochrom-labelled antibodies according to following definitions: CD3+ (T cells), CD21+ (B cells), CD4+CD8- (helper T cells, Th), CD4-CD8+ (cytolytic T cells, CLT), CD4+CD8+ (cytolytic and memory T cells). The present study revealed the modulating effect of enrofloxacin on the composition of circulating lymphocytes in pigs. Concentration and percentage of CD8+ cells decreased significantly after treatment with enrofloxacin and as a result the absolute CD4/CD8 ratio increased significantly as compared to control group (P < 0.05).These findings should prompt further studies on the practical significance of the results obtained in terms of clinical implications. In view of the results, it cannot be excluded that enrofloxacin may also have immunomodulatory effects on host response to infection.
Curative effect of TFX-Jelfa supplementation on the skin of ovariectomised rats – morphological study
Authors: Karpińska Teresa Agnieszka , Szpringer Ewa , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Wasiak Magdalena , Reichert Michał
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of thymus factor X (TFX-Jelfa) treatment in hypoestrogenic female rats for the purpose of decreasing skin impairments. Ovariectomised rats were used as a model. The histopathological analysis of the skin after TFX-Jelfa treatment demonstrated that the epidermis was thicker and more desquamated, without deep wrinkles or hypersecretion in comparison to the skin of animals only castrated and not treated with TFX-Jelfa. Collagen and elastic fibres were arranged more uniformly in the dermis and there were numerous fibroblasts, hair follicles, and small vessels. Ultrastructural analysis showed keratinocytes without degenerative changes and the proliferation of lymphatic and dendritic cells in the skin. The results indicate that thymus extracts can have beneficial effects on skin aging, which is often accompanied by hormonal perturbances.
Time-Aware and Grey Incidence Theory Based User Interest Modeling for Document Recommendation
Authors: Cheng Shulin , Liu Yuejun
Published: July 2015

Document recommendation involves the recommendation of documents similar to those that a user has preferred in the past. The Vector Space Model (VSM) is commonly adopted to denote the document objects and user interests. The user interests are extracted from the documents that a user has browsed. The interest degree of the user is calculated using the TF-IDF method, but the time factor is not considered. The recent documents that a user has browsed embody much more his/her interests. This study proposes a time-aware and grey incidence theory based user interest model to improve document recommendation. First, the time-aware user interest model is proposed based on the analysis of the user interests, document objects and user interest knowledge table. Second, a coefficient vector model of the user interest degree is designed using the grey incidence theory to differentiate the main from the minor user interests. The time-aware and grey incidence theory based user interest model is then exploited to produce document recommendations. Finally, the experiment and evaluation metrics are studied. The results show that the model proposed outperforms other related models and recommends more accurate documents to the users.
The transition of the 37-kDa laminin receptor (RPSA) to higher molecular weight species: SUMOylation or artifact?
Authors: Digiacomo Vincent , Gando Ivan A. , Venticinque Lisa , Hurtado Alicia , Meruelo Daniel
Published: July 2015

The 37-kDa laminin receptor (37LRP or RPSA) is a remarkable, multifaceted protein that functions in processes ranging from matrix adhesion to ribosome biogenesis. Its ability to engage extracellular laminin is further thought to contribute to cellular migration and invasion. Most commonly associated with metastatic cancer, RPSA is also increasingly found to be important in other pathologies, including microbial infection, neurodegenerative disease and developmental malformations. Importantly, it is thought to have higher molecular weight forms, including a 67-kDa species (67LR), the expression of which is linked to strong laminin binding and metastatic behavior. The composition of these larger forms has remained elusive and controversial. Homo- and heterodimerization have been proposed as events capable of building the larger species from the monomeric 37-kDa precursor, but solid evidence is lacking. Here, we present data suggesting that higher molecular weight species require SUMOylation to form. We also comment on the difficulty of isolating larger RPSA species for unambiguous identification and demonstrate that cell lines stably expressing tagged RPSA for long periods of time fail to produce tagged higher molecular weight RPSA. It is possible that higher molecular weight species like 67LR are not derived from RPSA.
An Approximate Analytical Solution of Richards’ Equation
Authors: Chen Xi , Dai Ying
Published: July 2015

An approximate analytical solution of Richards’ equation (RE) in a semi-finite layer of porous medium is obtained in this article. The basic idea is constructing a function between the Boltzmann variableϕand the traveling wave solution of RE, introducing the function into RE and calculating the relevant parameters by differential transform method (DTM). In the end, three examples are prepared to show the accuracy of the presented approximate analytical solution.
Comment on Naturalizing Critical Realist Social Ontology
Authors: Ylikoski Petri
Published: July 2015

This comment discusses Kaidesoja (2013) and raises the issue whether his analysis justifies stronger conclusions than he presents in the book. My comments focus on four issues. First, I argue that his naturalistic reconstruction of critical realist transcendental arguments shows that transcendental arguments should be treated as a rare curiosity rather than a general argumentative strategy. Second, I suggest that Kaidesoja’s analysis does not really justify his optimism about the usefulness of causal powers ontology in the social sciences. Third, I raise some doubts about the heuristic value of Mario Bunge’s social ontology that Kaidesoja presents as a replacement for critical realist ontology. Finally, I propose an alternative way to analyze failures of aggregativity that might better serve Kaidesoja’s purposes than the Wimsattian scheme he employs in the book.
A high performance distributed sensor system with multi-intrusions simultaneous detection capability based on phase sensitive OTDR
Authors: Zhan Y. , Yu Q. , Wang K. , Yang F. , Kong Y. , Zhao X.
Published: July 2015

A high performance distributed sensor system with multi-intrusions simultaneous detection capability based on phase sensitive OTDR (Φ−OTDR) has been proposed and demonstrated. To improve system performance, three aspects have been investigated. Firstly, a model of one−dimensional impulse response of backscattered light and a Monte Carlo method have been used to study how the laser line width affects the system performance. Theoretical and experimental results show that the performances of the system, especially the signal−noise−ratio (SNR), decrease with the broadening of laser linewidth. Secondly, a temperature−compensated fibre Bragg grating with a 3 dB linewidth of 0.05 nm and a wavelength stability of 0.1 pm has been applied as an optical filter for effective denoising. Thirdly, a novel interrogation method for multi−intrusions simultaneous detection is proposed and applied in data denoising and processing. Consequently, benefiting from the three−in−one improvement, a high performance Φ−OTDR has been realized and four simultaneous applied intrusions have been detected and located at the same time along a 14 km sensing fibre with a spatial resolution of 6m and a high SNR of 16 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most multifunctional Φ−OTDR up to now and it can be used for perimeter and/or pipeline intrusion real−time monitoring.
The Value of Scoring Systems for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Walczak Dominik A. , Pawełczak Dariusz , Żółtaszek Agata , Jaguścik Rajmund , Fałek Wojciech , Czerwińska Monika , Ptasińska Karolina , Trzeciak Piotr W. , Pasieka Zbigniew
Published: July 2015

Accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) is still a problem and is not always easy, even for experienced surgeons. Studies have shown that 20 to 30% of the appendices removedwere normal. Therefore, various scoring systems have been developed to aid in the diagnosis of doubtful cases and reduce the number of unnecessary appendectomies.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of different scoring systems in acute appendicitis.

Material and methods. The study involved 94 patients who underwent laparotomy due to suspected acute appendicitis. Medical examination at hospital admission was performed by a resident and a general surgery specialist. The probability of AA was evaluated using six different scoring systems: Alvarado, Fenyo, Eskelinen, Ohman, Tzankis, and RIPASA. The resident calculated the results in individual systems. The decision to perform the operation was taken by a specialist surgeon who did not know the results.

Results. Normal appendix was removed in 26% of cases. Eskelinen, RIPASA and Alvarado systems showed highest sensitivity (99%, 88% and 85%, respectively). Tzankis and Fenyo systems showed highest specificity (62% and 50%, respectively).

Conclusions. Our study has shown limited value of scoring systems for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The systems may improve diagnostic accuracy as they require obtaining a more detailed medical history, and making a more thorough and organized data analysis. However, the scoring systems should be treated only as an aid to diagnosis
Influence of Obesity on Anastomotic Leakage After Anterior Rectal Resectionperformed Due to Cancer
Authors: Piecuch Jerzy , Wiewióra Maciej , Szrot Monika , Jopek Janusz , Krzak Albert , Haza Szymon , Sosada Krystyn
Published: July 2015

Anterior resection for rectal cancer carries the risk of serious complications, especially fistulas at the site of anastomosis. Numerous factors have been shown to impact anastomotic leakage. The results of studies on the influence of obesity on the frequency of anastomotic leakage after rectal resection performed due to cancer have been contradictory.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and frequency of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection performed due to cancer. Material and methods. This retrospective analysis included 222 subsequent patients who had undergone anterior resection due to cancer with an anastomosis formed with a mechanical suture. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on their BMI quartile as follows: Group I, BMI < 23.8 kg/m

Results. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 8 (3.6%) patients. Fistulas occurred in 4 out of 61 patients (6.56%) in group I, which was the highest incidence of fistulas for all 3 groups. In group II, fistulas occurred in 2 out of 55 patients (3.63%), and similarly, in group III, they occurred in 2 out of 106 patients (1.87%). The differences found in the frequency of fistulas between groups were not statistically significant (p=0.31). The logistic regression analysis did not show any relationship between leakage and age (p = 0.55; OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.95 - 1.1), sex (p = 0.97; OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.22 - 4.25) or BMI (p = 0.27; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.22 - 1.53).

Conclusions. The results of our study show that BMI did not have any influence on the frequency of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection performed due to cancer.
Quality of life of patients on chronic parenteral nutrition before and after gastrointestinal tract continuity restoration
Authors: Ławiński Michał , Kot-Mielczarska Edyta , Gradowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2015

The issue of the quality of life considering patients with a temporary or permanent intestinal stoma, as well as the necessity for chronic parenteral nutrition at home remain a poorly understood problem. Daily care of the intestinal stoma and the need to comply with sterile procedures required for parenteral nutrition require such patients to commit their time, which secondarily is associated with the broad aspects of social and personal life.

The aim of the study was to analyse the quality of life considering patients with intestinal stomas subjected to chronic parenteral nutrition, before and after gastrointestinal tract continuity restoration.

Material and methods. The survey was conducted between May and July, 2014 on a group of 71 patients (33 female and 38 male) who were under the care of the Department of General Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, operated during the period between 2007 and July, 2014 with a present stoma (32 patients - 45%), as well as after stoma closure (39 patients - 55%). The analysed questionnaire contained 31 questions, and the SF-36 questionnaire was additionally used, determining the quality of life.

Results. Analysis of the study material showed differences in the quality of life, considering three most important determinants. Significantly worse assessment of the quality of life was reported by patients with a stoma and subject to intravenous nutrition (83.2±30.5), as compared to those after stoma closure subject to normal nutrition (52.3±33.8). Based on the SF-36 questionnaire differences between patients with a stoma and those without amounted to t(69)=2.84 (p=0.006) demonstrating that those with a stoma reported a lower quality of life. Analysis between younger and older patients, based on the SF-36 questionnaire (t(62.87)=2.49; p=0.016) showed that younger patients achieved lower results, considering dissatisfaction with life (61.55±27.5), as compared to the elderly (80.8±36.9).

Conclusions. The group of patients without a stoma seem to be more independent- the vast majority do not use the help of family members (43.6%), or friends (64.1%). Patients with a stoma more often withdraw from social life. The factor that mostly reduces the quality of life is the presence of a stoma, which impairs daily functioning a lot more than the sterile procedures associated with parenteral nutrition. All patients after stoma closure consider that their overall functioning has significantly improved.
Surgical methods of treatment of intestinal passage disturbances with the characteristics of constipation in patients with intestinal stoma based on own experience
Authors: Krokowicz Łukasz , Sławek Sylwia , Ledwosiński Witold , Bobkiewicz Adam , Borejsza-Wysocki Maciej , Kuczyńska Barbara , Szmyt Krzysztof , Paszkowski Jacek , Drews Michał , Banasiewicz Tomasz
Published: July 2015

Stoma is an intestinal fistula created in emergency or by elective indications, and it is done to drain out the digestive tract content. In some patients there is a disturbance passage of gastric contents through the stoma, which may take the form of chronic constipation or even periodic subileus that will sooner or later require surgical treatment.

The aim of the study was the assessment of the causes and method of treatment of constipation in patients with intestinal stoma.

Material and methods. A total of 331 patients with stoma followed by Ostomy and Proctology Outpatient Clinic were included in the study in the years 2011-2014. The study included 146 women and 185 men and the average age was 61.3 ± 12.7 years. Within the entire froup, 273 patients had the end stoma performed whereas in 58 patients the loop stoma was created. The highest percentage of patients were the ones with diverticulosis and colorectal cancer, i.e. 132 and 114 patients respectively. A stoma was created in 35 patients due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in 23 patients because of cancer, in 14 as a result of injuries and in 13 due to rectovaginal fistula.

Results. Out of the entire group subject to study (331 patients) 93 patients (28.1%) suffered from constipation. 50 patients with constipation required surgical intervention. The most common indication for surgical treatment was the parastomal hernia (36 patients, 72%), other indications were the narrowing of the stoma (5 patients, 10%), its collapse (6 patients, 12%) or prolapse (3 patients, 6%). Parastomal hernia was responsible for 84% of constipation within the stoma and 86.1% were treated with laparotomy (31 out of 36 patients). Other causes of constipation were the stomal stenoses (5 patients), collapse of the stoma (6 patients) and stomal prolapse (3 patients). All patients were treated surgically with a good final result.

Conclusions. Constipation associated with dysfunction of the stoma in most cases should be treated surgically. Parastomal hernia is the most common cause of constipation in the stoma. Treatment should be performed in due time because of the possibility of developing complications, especially dangerous one is a strangulated parastomal hernia and ischemia of stoma.
Multiannual abdominal pain complicated by obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in the course of cystic form of mesenteric lymhangioma of the small intestine
Authors: Majewski Mateusz , Lorenc Zbigniew , Krawczyk Wiktor
Published: July 2015

Lymphangiomas constitute a group of very rare diseases and occur with a frequency of 1/250,000 to 1/20,000 of hospitalizations. Even though they are benign lesions, their complications may turn into a life-threatening condition. They usually occur in children (90%), they are either congenital or they appear before the child’s second birthday. Occassionally they are found in adults.

Lymphangiomas are usually localized around neck, but also near armpits and in the groin area. Less than 1% of lymphagiomas are detected in the retroperitoneal space and intestinal mesentery. Vascular lesions derived from lymphatic vessels can be divided into ordinary ones, usually known as capillary, cavernous, and cystic. The cystic tumor (lymphangioma mesenteri) is the least common. It occurs mostly in the retroperitoneal space, mesentery of the colon, or extremely rarely in the mesentery of the small intestine. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific clinical symptoms and noncharacteristic image in the diagnostic tests. Lymphangioma complications, such as intestinal obstruction or perforation, and persistent pain, are the cause of exploratory laparotomy. Final diagnosis requires microscopic examination of material collected during an operation.

This article presented the case of a 40-year-old female, operated due to the obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, in whose case the lymphangioma was recognised in postoperative histopathological examination of the tumor from the jejunal mesentery. Since patients with these tumors have good chances of complete recovery - if there are no serious complications - it appears that the optimal therapeutic procedure should be early surgery, which reduces the possibility of complications.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage:; case report on diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Weiss Guenter , Meyer Frank
Published: July 2015

An exemplary rare case of neurogenic pulmonary edema induced by intracranial hemorrhage was reported including diagnostic and therapeutic implications as well as management recommendations. A 35-year old man who was treated first by a neurosurgical approach because of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bore hole trepanation) and subsequently on a surgical intensive care unit because of severe postoperative hemodynamic, cardiocirculatory, and pulmonary disruptions. To monitor cardiopulmonary condition and treatment effects, a Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in the pulmonary artery, since after trepanation, a critical cardiopulmonary status developed during postoperative mechanical ventilation and catecholamine administration. This condition was indicated by neurogenic pulmonary edema detected by control chest X-ray film and high oxygen load in the inspiratory air required for sufficient arterial oxygenation. After use of high positive end-exspiratory pressure (PEEP) (initially directed against neurogenic lesion), adaptation of initial dobutamine doses, initiation of norepinephrine administration, and substitution of fluids, the patient's blood pressure finally rose sufficiently to sustain regular cerebral blood perfusion and achieve better arterial oxygenation. Thus, the patient‘s cardiopulmonary condition stabilized and temporary cardiac insufficiency could be overcome. Subsequently, it became possible to decrease PEEP according to requirements to prevent or limit cerebral edema and to diminish catecholamine doses.
APLICACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y TÉCNICAS DE AUTO-CORRELACIÓN ESPACIAL PARA ANALIZAR LA DEMANDA POR EMPLEO INDUSTRIAL EN LOS 81 CANTONES DE COSTA RICA EN 2011
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Sánchez Hernández Leonardo
Published: July 2015

Este artículo trata de demostrar que existe una elevada concentración del empleo industrial en algunas áreas geográficas de Costa Rica. Para ello se dispone de una base de datos novedosa y completa derivada del Censo de Población y Vivienda del año 2011, el cual permite crear una matriz origen-destino de empleo y con ello tener por primera vez para el país información sobre la demanda por empleo industrial que genera cada cantón. El uso de índices de dependencia espacial, de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y coeficientes de localización industrial permiten demostrar la existencia de conglomerados de empleo industrial en algunos cantones de Costa Rica.
Una metodología para encontrar el mejor clasificador en decisión empresarial
Authors: Torres Núñez David A.
Published: July 2015

En la investigación, se presenta una metodología para mejorar las estrategias de análisis en
situaciones donde la clasificación supervisada se convierte en la herramienta fundamental de decisión
empresarial. La necesidad de catalogar a los nuevos clientes en uno de varios grupos, definidos de
acuerdo a las características del sujeto, es analizada mediante el cálculo de la tasa de error. Con este
propósito, se elaboraron programas en lenguaje R para calcular la tasa de error de cada uno de los
nueve clasificadores, usando el método de validación cruzada 10 (Stone, 1974), en 50 permutaciones
de los datos en estudio. Para cada conjunto de datos analizados se demostró, mediante ANOVA, que
efectivamente existen diferencias significativas en el promedio de tasas de error de los clasificadores
(p=0.00); por lo tanto, se concluye que el mejor clasificador es aquel con la mínima tasa de error.
Criterios para la identificación y definición de territorios con potencial de desarrollo productivo para el establecimiento de Zonas Económicas Especiales de Desarrollo (ZEED) en Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Ramírez Rafael , Sánchez Hernández Leonardo , Vargas Montoya Luis , Agüero Rodríguez Oscar
Published: July 2015

Este estudio tiene como propósito identificar, a partir de una serie de variables e indicadores,
territorios que cuenten con condiciones propicias para un desarrollo productivo endógeno, basado
en la dotación de recursos y en una política productiva a nivel nacional y local que lo promueva. Se
construye un índice cantonal de potencial productivo alrededor de tres ejes (productivo, institucional
e infraestructura), al que se le aplica el método de análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados del
estudio no solo son novedosos para el país; sino que, además, contribuyen con la construcción de
una matriz de variables e indicadores que proveen criterios empíricamente validados para identificar
y definir ZEED para Costa Rica.
Response of Energycane to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides
Authors: Odero Dennis C. , Fernandez Jose V. , Sandhu Hardev S. , Singh Maninder P.
Published: July 2015

Energycane has been proposed as a potential, perennial bioenergy crop for lignocellulosic-derived fuel production in the United States. Herbicides currently used in sugarcane and other crops can potentially be used in energycane if there is acceptable tolerance. Also, to limit future invasion of energycane escapes, herbicides used for perennial grass control could potentially be used for management of escapes. In container studies conducted outside, aboveground and belowground biomass of energycane was measured to evaluate energycane tolerance to 9 PRE and 19 POST herbicides used in sugarcane and other crops. PRE application of atrazine, diuron, mesotrione, metribuzin, pendimethalin, andS-metolachlor at rates labeled for sugarcane did not significantly injure (< 3%) or reduce energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants 28 and 56 d after treatment (DAT). Injury from clomazone (54%), flumioxazin (7%), and hexazinone (29%) was observed 28 DAT. Injury from flumioxazin was transient and was not observed at 56 DAT. At 56 DAT, energycane injury increased to 71 and 98%, respectively, for clomazone and hexazinone. Hexazinone and clomazone applied PRE significantly reduced biomass compared with the nontreated plants. At 28 DAT, POST application of 2,4-D amine, ametryn, asulam, atrazine, carfentrazone, dicamba, halosulfuron, mesotrione, metribuzin, and trifloxysulfuron at labeled rates for sugarcane did not injure or significantly reduce energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants. Injury was observed when clethodim (99%), clomazone (51%), diuron (51%), flumioxazin (21%), glufosinate (84%), glyphosate (100%), hexazinone (100%), paraquat (66%), and sethoxydim (100%) were applied POST, and each of these treatments reduced energycane biomass compared with the nontreated plants. These results show that several PRE and POST herbicides used for weed management in sugarcane may potentially be used in energycane for weed control. Also, based on our results, clethodim, glyphosate, and sethoxydim would be effective for management of energycane escapes.
Monetary Policy 101: A Primer on the Fed's Changing Approach to Policy Implementation
Authors: Ihrig Jane E. , Meade Ellen E. , Weinbach Gretchen C.
Published: July 2015

The Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy in order to achieve its statutory mandate of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates as prescribed by the Congress and laid out in the Federal Reserve Act. For many years prior to the financial crisis, the FOMC set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through small purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve’s large scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed’s implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the FOMC’s target will not work in current circumstances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.
Monetary Policy 101: A Primer on the Fed’s Changing Approach to Policy Implementation
Authors: Ihrig Jane E. , Meade Ellen E. , Weinbach Gretchen C.
Published: July 2015

The Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy in order to achieve its statutory mandate of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates as prescribed by the Congress and laid out in the Federal Reserve Act. For many years prior to the financial crisis, the FOMC set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve's large scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed's implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the FOMC's target will not work in current circumst ances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.
Relativismo cultural e a virada visual
Authors: Jay Martin
Published: July 2015

Relativismo Cultural e a Virada Visual
Escópicas: notas a partir de um lugar
Authors: Casa Nova Vera
Published: July 2015

Resumo: O texto apresenta fragmentos de leitura a partir de filósofos que se dedicaram ao estudo da imagem. Da figuração ou da representação no olhar da arte contemporânea o que resta é a sensação, a percepção, no movimento do olhar ou do tocar. A arte háptica nos convida a um outro pensar.Palavras chave: imagem; representação; arte contemporânea.Abstract: This text presents fragments of reading triggered by philosophers who elaborated on image. From contemporary art's imaging and representation all that is left is sensation or perception, within the move to glance and touch. Haptic art invites us onto another mode of thinking.Keywords: image; representation; contemporary art.
Poesia: uma decisão
Authors: Lopes Silvina Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

Resumo: O corte entre o ver e o dizer supõe a existência de dois modos incomensuráveis de constituição da realidade. No entanto, não acedemos às visibilidades nem aos enunciados senão pela ligação em que o outro se dá. É na poesia que esse processo, em que há sempre algo da ordem do fascínio ou da surpresa, se apresenta e amplia, motivo pelo qual nela o pensamento da imagem é indissociável da interrogação da linguagem, nomeadamente do que nela é potencial de destruição de verossimilhanças e capacidade de fazer sentido a partir do abismo, do instante sem espessura da decisão. No presente ensaio proponho-me pensar esse processo a partir de algumas distinções entre diferentes regimes de imagens e do modo como deles decorrem diferentes concepções da memória e do mundo como unidade que se recebe/lega em herança.Palavras-chave: visão; imagem; memória.Abstract: The cut between seeing and telling presupposes the existence of two incommensurable modes of constituting reality. However, we do not accede to visibilities or statements other than through the bonding by which the other is given. It is in poetry that this process, always tinged by some fascination or surprise, presents and amplifies itself, and that is why in poetry the thought of the image is inseparable from the interrogation of language, especially of what in language is potentially destruction of verisimilitudes and ability to create sense out of the abyss, out of the gistless instant of decision. In the present essay, I intend to think over that process on the basis of some distinctions between different regimes of images and the way they breed different conceptions of memory and world as unity received/ handed over as heritage.Keywords: vision; image; memory.
Martin Jay
Authors: Duarte Rodrigo
Published: July 2015

Obras de Martin Jay.
Sobrescrito a um poema por vir
Authors: Costa Erick Gontijo
Published: July 2015

Este texto é um estudo sobre a escrita de Maria Gabriela
Llansol; uma reflexão fundamentada na teoria de Maurice
Blanchot a respeito da experiência da escrita; um relato de
uma oficina de criação literária com pacientes de um centro
psiquiátrico, Casa Freud, e contém algumas reflexões sobre
essa experiência. Essa oficina foi idealizada a partir da escrita
de Maria Gabriela Llansol.
Se o "E" se perde
Authors: Baeta Vania
Published: July 2015

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Escreviver
Authors: Santos Francisco José Bezerra
Published: July 2015

A partir da relação contingente entre a Psicanálise e a Literatura, o escrito procura articular a leitura da fala do analisante como texto e a textualidade de Maria Gabriela Llansol.
Verdade e ficção em uma erótica pragmática
Authors: Pinto Jeferson
Published: July 2015

Este texto analisa as relações entre verdade e ficção, sob o ponto de vista da Psicanálise, e, a partir disso, explicita algumas conseqüências para a clínica e teoria psicanalíticas. Delineiamse, ainda, algumas reflexões sobre a teoria da feminilidade, de Lacan, tomando-a como necessária para se pensar as relações entre a verdade e o real por meio da contingência.
A palavra como enigma
Authors: Rosenbaum Yudith
Published: July 2015

Este estudo pretende analisar o conto “Famigerado”, de Guimarães Rosa, à luz das Formas Simples, de André Jolles, e da psicanálise. O texto é lido como uma adivinha às avessas, invertendo as posições do inquiridor e do questionado. Tendo como fundo a modernização do sertão nos anos 60, o embate entre o letrado e o jagunço revela tensões e ambigüidades, abordadas pela estilística e pela psicanálise.
O mito nas tramas do grotesco: El-Rei D. Sebastião
Authors: Alvarez Aurora Gedra Ruiz
Published: July 2015

Almeida Faria, no romance O conquistador, faz uma transposição intersemiótica do retrato de D. Sebastião (1554-1578) pintado por Cristóvão de Morais (1571), valendo-se do grotesco como técnica para desmitificar a imagem de El-Rei. É objetivo desse trabalho analisar como o grotesco constrói este efeito pela ecfrase.
Muita história com poucas letras: um olhar literário ao presépio do Pipiripau
Authors: Paraizo Mariângela Andrade
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho propõe uma leitura do Presépio do Pipiripau, tomando como ponto de partida as obras literárias publicadas sobre ele, bem como outras leituras feitas através de fotografias, pinturas ou cinema. Utilizando-se das teorias de Italo Calvino e Ricardo Piglia, defende a idéia de que se podem ler as várias histórias entrelaçadas no Pipiripau à luz da teoria literária e dos estudos sobre a intermidialidade.
A paixão segundo São João: uma retórica intermidiática
Authors: Saltarelli Thiago César Viana Lopes
Published: July 2015

Este artigo propõe uma leitura da Paixão segundo São João, de Johann Sebastian Bach, como uma obra mixmídia, por meio da análise das relações entre os diversos sistemas de signos que a compõem ou que participam ou influenciam a sua execução. Essa análise, que privilegia as relações entre o sistema musical e o sistema verbal – embora não deixe de considerar outros sistemas de signos – visa também a demonstrar como obras de caráter
intersemiótico já existiam em épocas anteriores ao Modernismo.
A travessia da favela nas serras do Cambaio
Authors: Alto Romulo Monte
Published: July 2015

Este artigo busca refletir sobre o episódio da travessia do Cambaio, no livro Os sertões (1902) de Euclides da Cunha. Examina a construção do espaço do conflito a partir do pressuposto de que a fundação da nação latino-americana, aqui tomada como uma hipérbole da nação brasileira, incorporou princípios de corte excludente que dividiram o país em regiões de atraso e de progresso, o que resultou numa estranha profecia que se cumpriu cem anos depois.
Poesia visual e imagens da matéria
Authors: Campos Roland Azeredo
Published: July 2015

O propósito deste artigo é discutir alguns poemas visuais pósconcretos no contexto da teoria da imaginação poética proposta por Gaston Bachelard, baseada nos arquétipos dos quatro elementos (ar, água, terra e fogo). Os poemas aqui considerados estão diretamente relacionados ao tema dos elementos.
Espaço literário, percepção e perspectiva
Authors: Soethe Paulo Astor
Published: July 2015

O artigo fundamenta a abordagem do espaço literário como elemento composicional particularmente atento à percepção do entorno pelas personagens. Define espaço literário e revisita, sob esse aspecto, o motivo da travessia no romance Grande sertão: veredas.
Mil Homeros e mais um: Borges e a literatura grega
Authors: Barbosa Tereza Virgínia Ribeiro
Published: July 2015

O artigo trata de uma leitura pessoal e “classicista” de algumas conferências de Jorge Luis Borges e do conto Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius. Pretendemos mostrar a importância dos poemas homéricos para uma nova direção interpretativa. Examinamos passagens do texto e propomos quatro analogias genéricas: Ashe/Schliemann; Uqbar/Baruch/Spinoza; Tlön/Troia e, finalmente, a obra de Thomas Browne, Urn burial (1893), e o último canto da Ilíada de Homero.
Entre a vidência e a mão artesã: Ana Cristina Cesar e Alejandra Pizarnik
Authors: Ravetti Graciela
Published: July 2015

Estabelece-se aqui uma interlocução entre duas poetas: Alejandra Pizarnik e Ana Cristina Cesar, evitando acumular interpretações que se explicitem com um tipo de raciocínio e de força analítica que sutura inconsistências. Considero o discurso dilacerado e pouco confiável das poetas mediante duas imagens: a mão trabalhadora da artesã e a visão inspirada. Interessa verificar se conseguem “nomear forte”, sem cair no sentimentalismo nem na facilidade, exercendo a contento a função catacrésica da literatura. Mão artesã, vidência e a memória que se confunde com a saudade de um ser infante, presente na subjetividade e perdido para a experiência.
Afetos da memória, memórias do afeto
Authors: Oliveira Fabrício Marques
Published: July 2015

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História da Cadeira de Língua e Literatura alemãs na Faculdade de Letras
Authors: Ribeiro Tarcísia
Published: July 2015

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Imagens da memória da Faculdade de Letras
Authors: Lima Rachel Esteves
Published: July 2015

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Gayatri Spivak leitora de Paradise Lost: um texto transdisciplinar
Authors: Sá Luiz Fernando Ferreira
Published: July 2015

Resumo: Em Paradise Lost, de John Milton, épico e império se encontram dissociados. Contrário a muitas leituras tradicionais, essa escrita do início da Era Moderna inglesa intersecta o pensamento pós-colonial de várias maneiras. Ao usar o circuito pós-colonial de teoria e prática textual de Gayatri Spivak, este artigo desenvolve uma desleitura em contraponto desse texto de Milton: Paradise Lost poderá finalmente libertar-se de seu conteúdo colonial e liberar seu conteúdo pós-colonial.Palavras-chave: Gayatri Spivak; pós-colonialismo; John Milton.Abstract: In John Milton’s Paradise Lost epic and empire are dissociated. Contrary to many misreadings,32 this all-important writing of the English Early Modern Age intersects postcolonial thinking in a number of ways. By using Gayatri Spivak’s circuit of postcolonial theory and practice, this article enacts a contrapuntal (mis)reading of Milton’s text: Paradise Lost may at last free its (post)colonial (dis)content.Keywords: Gayatri Spivak; postcolonialism; John Milton.
Literature and the other arts: postmodern poetry in English
Authors: Oliveira Solange Ribeiro de
Published: July 2015

Resumo: Partindo da tendência pós-moderna para a eliminação de fronteiras entre as artes e mídias, o artigo analisa as relações intermidiáticas frequentes na poesia pós-moderna de expressão inglesa.Palavras-chave: intermidialidade; literatura e as outras artes; poesia pós-moderna de expressão inglesa.Abstract: Starting from the postmodern tendency towards the erasing of frontiers between the arts and the media, the essay analyses the frequent intermedial relations in postmodern poetry in English.Keywords: intermediality; literature and the other arts; postmodern poetry in English.
Acts of Literature
Authors: Sá Luiz Fernando Ferreira , Mansur Miriam
Published: July 2015

Entrevista concedida por Stanley Fish a Luiz Fernando Ferreira Sá e Miriam Mansur
"El carácter tétrico de la historia": "Meditações" sobre a Guerra Civil Espanhola na obra de Juan Benet
Authors: Nilsson Gunnar
Published: July 2015

Resumo: O autor do ensaio analisa o papel exercido pela Guerra Civil Espanhola nos romances e contos de Juan Benet. Considera- se a guerra um dos temas mais importantes na obra literária de Benet. Partindo de um comentário da estética antirrealista do escritor, o autor mostra os procedimentos irônicos que desconstroem a própria representação mimética dos textos. O objetivo – segundo o autor do artigo – é a criação de um discurso alternativo, no qual os enigmas da guerra não são solucionados senão evocados e conservados em sua condição original e tétrica.Palavras-chave: estética antirrealista; Guerra Civil Espanhola; ironia.Abstract: The author of the article analyses the role played by the Spanish Civil War in Juan Benet’s novels and short stories. The Civil War and its poetic representation is considered one of the most important themes in Benet’s literary works. Departing from Benet’s anti-realistic aesthetics, the author shows how his narrative – in a systematically ironic procedure - destroys its own modes of mimetic representation, pretending to reach other levels of discourse in which the enigmas of war find themselves less resolved than evoked and conserved in their original, terrifying and indissoluble status.Keywords: anti-realistic aesthetics; Spanish Civil War; irony.