bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Administrative Villages with an Urgent Demand for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment at the County Level: Decision Making from China Wisdom
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Li Pengyu , Cai Wenqian , Shi Zhining , Liu Jianguo , Cao Yingnan , Li Wenkai , Wu Wenjun , Li Lin , Liu Junxin , Zheng Tianlong
Published: January 2025

Rural domestic sewage management is a crucial pathway for achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 targets. Addressing the crucial challenge of prioritizing administrative villages for rural domestic sewage treatment at the county scale requires dedicated planning. However, county-level comprehensive evaluation models designed specifically for this purpose are currently limited. To address this gap, we developed a model based on 13 evaluation indicators encompassing village distribution characteristics, villager demographics, rural economic levels, and sanitation facility conditions. To gauge the varying emphasis on these factors by different groups, a questionnaire survey was conducted among experts, enterprises, and government departments involved in the rural sewage sector in China. Two counties from distinct regions were then chosen to validate these models. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) coupled with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was employed to rank the importance of the factors and determine the prioritization of rural domestic sewage management in each area. The model results indicated that priority should be given to the county government, township government, ecologically sensitive areas, and administrative villages near tourist attractions in the two selected empirical counties for governance. A sensitivity analysis showed that altitude consistently exhibited high sensitivity in influencing the ranking results across all scenarios (0.4–0.6). In addition, the empirical results obtained were largely consistent with the priorities of local governments. The proposed framework offers a practical application for decision-making systems in rural domestic sewage management at the county level, providing theoretical support and scientific strategies. This holds great significance for achieving SDG 6.
Urban Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of Building and Population Densities in Urban Housing Settlements with Diverse Textures in Terms of Sustainability—The Case of Bursa Osmangazi
Authors: Çetin Yakup , Taş Murat , Taş Nilüfer
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to evaluate the urban transformation processes in the context of urban sustainability by analyzing the population and building density trends of four different housing settlement textures that have developed in Bursa Osmangazi since the 1960s, when the industrialization process began in Turkey. The methods include a detailed analysis of population changes and building and population densities. The results show that, in the areas developed between 1960 and 2004, population growth has either stopped or declined, and there are irregularities in building and population densities. This situation indicates the problems arising from planning and infrastructure deficiencies in urbanization processes. The earthquake risk in housing areas from this period especially increases the urgency of renewal and transformation processes. This study emphasizes the necessity of urban-scale solutions to manage the urgency of renewal in earthquake-prone regions. It highlights the need to handle pre-2004 areas together in the urban transformation process to balance densities. In this context, the importance of density transfer, the protection of property rights, and the effective management of transformation processes are underlined for urban sustainability.
Unraveling Circular Conundrums with a Cheeky Twist: Proposal for a New Way of Measuring Circular Economy Efforts at the Product Level Within Procurement-to-Waste System Boundaries—A Case Study from the Airline Industry
Authors: Grimm Christine
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the challenge of evaluating circularity within the procurement-to-waste system boundaries, using the example of single-use in-flight drinking cups provided by SWISS International Air Lines Ltd., the national airline of Switzerland. A comprehensive review of the academic literature, market-based tools, and political regulations highlights the absence of adequate methodologies for assessing circularity within these specific system boundaries. Existing approaches, primarily designed at the product level, are often either excessively complex or focused solely on waste management. To address this gap, the research proposes an extension to the Circular Material Use rate (CMU), currently implemented at the European Union level. The traditional CMU rate does not account for circular inflow, thereby neglecting procurement decisions. In response, this study introduces an extended version of the CMU, expressed as CMU Extended = (Circular Inflow + Circular Outflow)/(2 × Total Material). This modification enables a more holistic evaluation of circularity by incorporating both inflows and outflows of materials in relation to total material use. Empirical testing demonstrated the applicability of this extended CMU in the context of SWISS, allowing for an efficient assessment of circularity for single-use in-flight drinking cups. From these initial results, we hypothesize that this ratio is expected to be broadly applicable beyond the airline industry, providing a valuable tool for businesses seeking to measure circularity within similar system boundaries.
Optimal Land Selection for Agricultural Purposes Using Hybrid Geographic Information System–Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process–Geostatistical Approach in Attur Taluk, India: Synergies and Trade-Offs Among Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sathiyamurthi Subbarayan , Youssef Youssef M. , Gobi Rengasamy , Ravi Arthi , Alarifi Nassir , Sivasakthi Murugan , Praveen Kumar Sivakumar , Dąbrowska Dominika , Saqr Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

The precise selection of agricultural land is essential for guaranteeing global food security and sustainable development. Additionally, agricultural land suitability (AgLS) analysis is crucial for tackling issues including resource scarcity, environmental degradation, and rising food demands. This research examines the synergies and trade-offs among the sustainable development goals (SDGs) using a hybrid geographic information system (GIS)–fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)–geostatistical framework for AgLS analysis in Attur Taluk, India. The area was chosen for its varied agro-climatic conditions, riverine habitats, and agricultural importance. Accordingly, data from ten topographical, climatic, and soil physiochemical variables, such as slope, temperature, and soil texture, were obtained and analyzed to carry out the study. The geostatistical analysis demonstrated the spatial variability of soil parameters, providing essential insights into key factors in the study area. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the results showed that the FAHP method (AUC = 0.71) outperformed the equal-weighting scheme (AUC = 0.602). Moreover, suitability mapping designated 17.31% of the study area as highly suitable (S1), 41.32% as moderately suitable (S2), and 7.82% as permanently unsuitable (N2). The research identified reinforcing and conflicting correlations with SDGs, emphasizing the need for policies to address trade-offs. The findings showed 40% alignment to climate action (SDG 13) via improved resilience, 33% to clean water (SDG 6) by identifying low-salinity zones, and 50% to zero hunger (SDG 2) through sustainable food systems. Conflicts arose with SDG 13 (20%) due to reliance on rain-fed agriculture, SDG 15 (11%) from soil degradation, and SDG 2 (13%) due to inefficiencies in low-productivity zones. A sustainable action plan (SAP) can tackle these issues by promoting drought-resistant crops, nutrient management, and participatory land-use planning. This study can provide a replicable framework for integrating agriculture with global sustainability objectives worldwide.
Numerical Simulation Analysis and Prevention Measures of Dynamic Disaster Risk in Coal Seam Variation Areas During Deep Mining
Authors: Tian Chenglin , Wang Xu , Sun Yong , Wang Qingbiao , Li Xuelong , Shi Zhenyue , Wang Keyong
Published: January 2025

Deep coal mining is essential for energy use and sustainable development. In a situation where coal–rock–gas dynamic disasters are prone to occur in coal seam variation areas affected by different degrees of roof angle during deep coal seam mining, a disaster energy equation considering the influence of roof elastic energy is established, and the disaster energy criterion considering the influence of roof elastic energy is derived and introduced into COMSOL6.1 software for numerical simulation. The results show that, compared with the simple change of coal thickness and coal strength, the stress concentration degree of a thick coal belt with small structure is higher, and the maximum horizontal stress can reach 47.6 MPa. There is a short rise area of gas pressure in front of the working face, and the maximum gas pressure reaches 0.82 MPa. The plastic deformation of the coal body in a small-structure thick coal belt is the largest, and the maximum value is 18.04 m3. The simulated elastic energy of rock mass is about one third of that of coal mass, and the influence of the elastic energy of roof rock on a disaster cannot be ignored. When the coal seam is excavated from thin to thick with a small-structural thick coal belt, the peak value of the energy criterion in front of the excavation face is the largest, and the maximum value is 1.42, indicating that a dynamic disaster can occur and the harm degree will be the greatest. It is easy to cause a coal and gas outburst accident when the excavation face enters a soft coal seam from a hard coal seam and a small-structural thick coal belt from a thin coal belt. Practice shows that holistic prevention and control measures based on high-pressure water jet slit drilling technology make it possible to increase the average pure volume of gas extracted from the drilled holes by 4.5 times, and the stress peak is shifted to the deeper part of the coal wall. At the same time, the use of encrypted drilling in local small tectonic thick coal zones can effectively attenuate the concentrated stress in the coal seam and reduce the expansion energy of gas. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanism of coal–rock–gas dynamic disaster, provides methods and a basis for the prevention and control of dynamic disaster in deep coal seam variation areas, and promotes the sustainable development of energy.
Research on Cooperation Strategy Between Owner and Contractor of Prefabricated Building Based on Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors: Wang Sunmeng , Wang Chengjun , Li Wenlong
Published: January 2025

As a new construction method, prefabricated buildings have many benefits. The majority of owners and contractors still work together using conventional approaches at the moment. However, the standardization and batch production of prefabricated components are challenging to achieve using these methods. Furthermore, they prevent economies of scale from being realized. A thorough examination of the developmental dynamics of the cooperative relationship between prefabricated building owners and contractors is necessary to support the high-quality expansion of the prefabricated building industry. This paper presents an evolutionary game model that analyses the cooperation relationship between the owner and the contractor of a prefabricated building. Following this, the model is numerically simulated with an emphasis on key variables, such as excess benefits, transaction costs, and the decrease in risk costs. The results indicate that the excess benefit factor positively influences the system’s evolution toward strategic cooperation. Additionally, establishing an appropriate partition coefficient of excess benefit can effectively enhance strategic cooperation between the two parties. The presence of transaction costs in collaboration between owners and contractors hinders the system’s progression toward strategic cooperation. Appropriately allocating transaction expenses can improve the parties’ strategic cooperation. The reduction in risk costs has a favorable impact on the system’s evolution toward strategic cooperation. With the goal to maximize strategic cooperation, there is also an ideal partition coefficient for risk cost reduction. The issue of inadequate risk cost consideration in previous research is successfully resolved with the model proposed in this work. The research findings hold significant value in guiding the formulation of incentive measures, optimizing profit distribution mechanisms, and enhancing the cooperative environment within enterprises.
Jointed SOH Estimation of Electric Bus Batteries Based on Operating Conditions and Multiple Indicators
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Deng Ke , Yang Jibin , Deng Pengyi , Wu Xiaohua , Cheng Linsui , Zhou Haolan
Published: January 2025

Accurately estimating the battery State of Health (SOH) is crucial for the safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles. Based on the actual operating data of electric buses, this article proposes a battery SOH estimation method that can be applied to multiple operating conditions and indicators. Specifically, the complex operating conditions are simplified into charging and driving conditions through data preprocessing. Under charging conditions, combined with Coulomb counting and incremental capacity analysis methods, a battery SOH estimation model of capacity indicators based on the Bayesian optimization bidirectional gated recursive unit model (BO-BiGRU) is established. Under driving conditions, the adaptive forgetting factor recursive least squares method considering the influence of current is used to identify the battery internal resistance feature. In addition, two separate battery SOH estimation models are established: one for internal resistance indicators based on BO-BiGRU and another for power indicators derived from the actual operational data feature. Finally, a joint battery SOH estimation method considering temperature and different operating conditions is proposed based on the SOH estimation results of the three battery indicators. The verification results show that the average error of the battery SOH estimation method proposed in this article is less than 2%, which has better accuracy for actual vehicles.
The Impacts of Friendly Designs on the Long-Term Sustainability of Modern Urban Parks
Authors: Wang Yikun , Su Tongxiang
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive urban parks should be continuously renewed to sustain their sustainability after being built, as they are vital to residents’ quality of life. However, previous studies have focused on a few special groups rather than all age groups. Therefore, understanding citizens’ needs for integrated friendly park designs can facilitate the sustainable development of parks. This study aimed to gather citizens’ opinions on improvements to friendly designs in parks and explore the impact of friendly designs on place attachment. The questionnaires used in this study were collected from visitors (n = 193) in Xuanwu Lake Park in September 2024, and the data were subsequently analyzed. The study found that enhancing friendly design in urban parks could help to increase visitors’ place attachment. Based on tourists’ feedback, our study proposed improvement strategies in terms of exceptionally and universally friendly design in order to better promote visitors’ place attachment. Enhancing visitors’ sense of place attachment effectively is crucial for policymakers and urban planners to help create all-age-friendly integrated urban parks and to promote sustainable renewal of urban environments.
Towards Sustainable Parking: Analyzing the Characteristics of Periodic Off-Street Parking Lots and Their Application in Shared Parking
Authors: Cai Yifei , Pan Xiao , Zhang Lei , Xu Feifei , Zhang Shuichao
Published: January 2025

The pollution and congestion caused by the shortage of parking spaces are threatening the sustainable development of cities. Smart parking platforms are one of the major tools to solve the problem by providing the efficient usage of parking resources. However, current platforms can only realize limited functions, and shared parking is far from being implemented on a large scale. Since off-street parking provides the majority of potential shared parking spaces, this paper takes periodic off-street parking lots as the starting point for opening the shared parking market. Based on data from the Ningbo Yongcheng parking platform, power spectral density (PSD) and the autocorrelation function (ACF) are used to identify periodic parking lots. A Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)-based method is applied to clustering the occupancy time series. Land use, user type, parking duration, and parking patterns are then analyzed to study shared parking supply characteristics. The results show that (1) 31.3% of off-street parking lots are periodic parking lots, and 90.3% of them have regular users exceeding 50%. (2) Periodic parking lots are classified into four types. Most parking lots show convex flat peak, double peak, or triple peak characteristics. (3) The shared parking spaces demonstrate spatial and temporal imbalances. But in a small area, even considering the concentration of land use and the peak period, there are still enough spaces available. The above research is of significance for the large-scale implementation of shared parking, which can promote the sustainable development of a city.
Life Cycle Carbon Emissions Savings of Replacing Concrete with Recycled Polycarbonate and Sand Composite
Authors: Roy Riya , Mottaghi Maryam , Woods Morgan , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: January 2025

Recent work demonstrated that 50:50 sand-recycled polycarbonate (rPC) composites have an average compressive strength of 71 MPa, which dramatically exceeds the average offered by commercial concrete (23.3–30.2 MPa). Due to the promising technical viability of replacing carbon-intensive concrete with recycled sand plastic composites, this study analyzes the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts with a life cycle assessment (LCA). Sand-to-plastic composites (50:50) in different sample sizes were fabricated and the electricity consumption monitored. Cumulative energy demand and IPCC global warming potential 100a were evaluated to quantify energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission associated with sand–plastic brick and two types of concrete, spanning the life cycle from raw material extraction to use phase. The results showed that at small sizes using Ontario grid electricity, the composites were more carbon-intensive than concrete, but as samples increased to standard brick–scale rPC composite bricks, they demonstrated significantly lower environmental impact, emitting 96% less CO2/cm3 than sand–virgin PC (vPC) composite, 45% less than ordinary concrete, and 54% less than frost-resistant concrete. Energy sourcing has a significant influence on emissions. Sand–rPC composite achieves a 67–98% lower carbon footprint compared to sand–vPC composite and a 3–98% reduction compared to both types of concrete. Recycling global polycarbonate production for use in sand–rPC composites, though small compared to the total market, could annually displace approximately 26 Mt of concrete, saving 4.5–5.4 Mt of CO2 emissions. The results showed that the twin problems of carbon emissions from concrete and poor plastic recycling could be partially solved with sand–rPC building material composites to replace concrete.
The Suitability of Developing Ecotourism in the Shanxi Area of Taihangshan National Park, a Candidate Area for National Parks in China
Authors: Zhu Qianying , Wang Zhongjun , Umer Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Ecotourism is increasingly recognized as a vital component of sustainable development within national parks, yet its potential within China’s emerging national park system remains underexplored. Focusing on the Shanxi Province section of the Taihang Mountain National Park—a candidate area designated in December 2022—this study addresses the critical questions of whether and how to develop ecotourism tailored to this region’s unique environmental and cultural characteristics. To address these issues, a mixed-method approach integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses was employed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the area’s tourism resources and market potential. A statistical analysis of its ecotourism resources and a high-frequency word cloud analysis of online travelogues revealed that the region possesses significant potential for ecotourism development. These findings provide actionable strategies, including fostering gateway communities, improving infrastructure, and enhancing tourism services, while emphasizing the importance of community involvement, low-carbon practices, and sector diversification. This study not only advances our theoretical understanding of ecotourism by highlighting the role of gateway communities and the balance between conservation and tourism growth but also offers practical insights for the sustainable development of China’s national parks.
Stability of Fréchet Functional Equation in Class of Differentiable Functions
Authors: Adam Marcin
Published: January 2025

The goal of this work is to demonstrate the stability of the Fréchet functional equation in the class of differentiable functions with respect to a large class of seminorms defined by means of derivatives. To achieve this, I utilize previous results concerning the difference property of higher orders of the class of n-times continuously differentiable functions.
A Comprehensive Review of the Application and Potential of Straw Biochar in the Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhao Feifei , Peng Jianbiao , Ji Mingfei , Li B. Larry
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, soil heavy metal contamination has become an important environmental issue faced today and has gradually attracted widespread attention. Finding a cheap, widely available, and biodegradable material that can promote crop growth and stabilize heavy metals has become a research focus. Crop straw biochar, due to its high specific surface area, rich surface functional groups, and high cation exchange capacity (CEC), has shown good effects on the remediation of inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment. This article reviews recent research on the use of crop straw biochar for soil heavy metal contamination remediation, providing a detailed analysis from the preparation, characteristics, modification of crop straw biochar, mechanisms for reducing the toxicity of heavy metals in soil, and its application and risks in remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. It also comprehensively discusses the potential application of crop straw biochar in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The results show that crop straw biochar can be used as a new type of immobilizing material for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, but there are issues with the remediation technology that needs to be optimized and innovated, which poses challenges to the widespread application of crop straw biochar. In the future, efforts should be strengthened to optimize and innovate the application technology of crop straw biochar, conduct research on the remediation effects of cheap modified crop straw biochar and the co-application of crop straw biochar with other immobilizing materials on heavy metal-contaminated soils, and carry out long-term monitoring of the effects of crop straw biochar in soil heavy metal remediation in order to achieve the goal of ensuring food safety and the rational use of solid waste.
Surface and Curvature Tensions of Cold, Dense Quark Matter: A Term-by-Term Analysis Within the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio Model
Authors: Grunfeld Ana Gabriela , Izzo Villafañe María Florencia , Lugones Germán
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we conduct a thorough investigation of the surface and curvature tensions, σ and γ, of three-flavor cold quark matter using the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model with vector interactions. Our approach ensures both local and global electric charge neutrality, as well as chemical equilibrium under weak interactions. By employing the multiple reflection expansion formalism to account for finite size effects, we explore the impact of specific input parameters, particularly the vector coupling constant ratio ηV, the radius R of quark matter droplets, as well as the charge-per-baryon ratio ξ of the finite size configurations. We focus on the role of the contributions of each term of the NJL Lagrangian to the surface and curvature tensions in the mean field approximation. We find that the total surface tension exhibits two different density regimes: it remains roughly constant at around 100MeVfm−2 up to approximately 2–4 times the nuclear saturation density, and beyond this point, it becomes a steeply increasing function of nB. The total surface and curvature tensions are relatively insensitive to variations in R but are affected by changes in ξ and ηV. We observe that the largest contribution to σ and γ comes from the regularized divergent term, making these quantities significantly higher than those obtained within the MIT bag model.
Genomic Analysis of 96 Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages Including 26 from Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Kok Danielle N. , Gosselin Sophia P. , Howard Brenham , Cresawn Steven G. , Tsourkas Philippos K. , Hendrickson Heather L.
Published: January 2025

The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is responsible for the devastating honey bee (Apis mellifera) disease American Foulbrood. Research into bacteriophages that infect P. larvae is growing rapidly due to increasing antibiotic resistance and restrictions on antibiotic use in beehives in some countries. In this study, we present the sequenced and annotated genomes of 26 novel P. larvae phages recently isolated in New Zealand, which brings the total number of sequenced and annotated P. larvae phages to 96. The 26 novel phages belong to the pre-existing Vegas or Harrison clusters. We performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of all 96 phage genomes, grouping them into five divergent clusters and two singletons. The majority of these phages are temperate, with the possible exception of three phages that may be lytic. All 96 of these phages encode an N-acteylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase that serves as their lysin. The amidases are from two divergent clusters, both of which show a high degree of intra-cluster similarity. Six phages and a prophage contain the Plx1 P. larvae toxin gene, which we suggest may be mobilizable. This study expands our knowledge of P. larvae phages from around the world.
Persistence of the Immune Response to an Intramuscular Bivalent (GI.1/GII.4) Norovirus Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Leroux-Roels Geert , Atmar Robert L. , Cramer Jakob P. , Escudero Ian , Borkowski Astrid
Published: January 2025

Background: Major global economic and health burdens due to norovirus gastroenteritis could be addressed by an effective vaccine. Methods: In this study, 428 adult recipients of various compositions of the norovirus vaccine candidate, HIL-214, were followed for 5 years, to assess immune responses to its virus-like particle antigens, GI.1 and GII.4c. Serum antibodies and peripheral-blood antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) were measured. This report focuses on the single-dose 15/50 (µg GI.1/GII.4c) composition, which had been selected for further clinical development. Results: For single-dose 15/50 recipients (N = 105), GI.1-specific and GII.4c-specific histoblood-group antigen-blocking (HBGA) antibodies appeared to have persisted to 5 years, waning from a peak at 4 to 8 weeks, and plateauing above baseline after 3 years. From 3 to 5 years, GI.1-specific GMTs ranged between 53 (95%CI, 40–71) and 60 (95%CI, 46–77; N = 69–97) and were approximately 2-fold above the baseline GMT (24 (95%CI, 20–28); N = 105). GII.4c-specific GMTs ranged between 103 (95%CI, 77–138) and 114 (95%CI, 86–152; N = 70–97) and were above baseline, but by less than 2-fold (70 (95%CI, 53–92); N = 105). Similar kinetics were observed for pan-Ig titers and ASCs in a subset. Similar kinetics were also observed for HBGA and pan-Ig titers in recipients of other 15/50 dosages. Conclusions: Immune responses to HIL-214 in adults appear to persist for five years.
The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice
Authors: Kim Eun , Khan Muhammad S. , Shin Juyeop , Huang Shaohua , Ferrari Alessandro , Han Donghoon , An Eunjin , Kenniston Thomas W. , Cassaniti Irene , Baldanti Fausto , Jeong Dohyeon , Gambotto Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe disease, but unequal distribution, especially in low- and middle-income countries, has led to vaccine-resistant strains. This highlights the urgent need for alternative vaccine platforms that are safe, thermostable, and easy to distribute. This study evaluates the immunogenicity, stability, and scalability of a dissolved microneedle array patch (MAP) delivering the rS1RS09 subunit vaccine, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 S1 monomer and RS09, a TLR-4 agonist peptide. Methods: The rS1RS09 vaccine was administered via MAP or intramuscular injection in murine models. The immune responses of the MAP with and without gamma irradiation as terminal sterilization were assessed at doses of 5, 15, and 45 µg, alongside neutralizing antibody responses to Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron variants. The long-term storage stability was also evaluated through protein degradation analyses at varying temperatures. Results: The rS1RS09 vaccine elicited stronger immune responses and ACE2-binding inhibition than S1 monomer alone or trimer. The MAP delivery induced sgnificantly higher and longer-lasting S1-specific IgG responses for up to 70 weeks compared to intramuscular injections. Robust Th2-prevalent immune responses were generated in all the groups vaccinated via the MAP and significant neutralizing antibodies were elicited at 15 and 45 µg, showing dose-sparing potential. The rS1RS09 in MAP has remained stable with minimal protein degradation for 19 months at room temperature or under refrigeration, regardless of gamma-irradiation. After an additional month of storage at 42 °C, cit showed less than 3% degradation, ompared to over 23% in liquid vaccines Conclusions: Gamma-irradiated MAP-rS1RS09 is a promising platform for stable, scalable vaccine production and distribution, eliminating cold chain logistics. These findings support its potential for mass vaccination efforts, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Impact of HPV Catch-Up Vaccination on High-Grade Cervical Lesions (CIN2+) Among Women Aged 26–30 in Northern Norway
Authors: Jørgensen Amanda Sørensen , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Sørbye Sveinung Wergeland
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer worldwide. In Norway, HPV vaccination was introduced in 2009 for seventh-grade girls and extended through a catch-up program from 2016 to 2019 for women born between 1991 and 1996. This study evaluates the impact of the catch-up vaccination program on the incidence of HPV and high-grade cervical lesions in Troms and Finnmark. Methods: We analyzed data from 40,617 women aged 26 to 30 who underwent cervical screening between 2009 and 2023 in Troms and Finnmark, including 1850 women with high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2+) on biopsy. Using linear regression, we assessed trends in high-grade lesion incidence per 1000 screened women and the association between vaccination status and HPV-16/18 incidence. Results: Between 2017 and 2023, the incidence of high-grade cervical lesions significantly decreased: CIN2+ decreased by 33.4%, and CIN3+ decreased by 63.4%. Significant reductions in HPV-16/18-associated high-grade cervical lesions were observed among vaccinated women, with the proportion of CIN2+ cases due to HPV-16 and 18 decreasing from 56.8% in 2017 to 40.7% in 2023, reflecting a 55.8% reduction in the absolute number of cases caused by these high-risk HPV types. Comparing unvaccinated women aged 25–26 in 2016 and vaccinated women in 2023, HPV-16 incidence decreased from 5.1% to 0.1%, and HPV-18 incidence decreased from 3.3% to 0.0%. Conclusions: The catch-up vaccination program significantly reduced the incidence of HPV-16/18 and high-grade cervical lesions in Troms and Finnmark, even with the lower vaccination coverage observed in the catch-up program. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination programs in reducing HPV infections and associated cervical lesions.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Flow Characteristics Around Finite and Infinite Circular Cylinders at Subcritical Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Tang Peng , Hou Mingjie , Wang Wei , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: January 2025

This study numerically investigates the three-dimensional flow characteristics around circular cylinders of finite- and infinite-lengths under subcritical Reynolds numbers using the SST κ–ω turbulence model within OpenFOAM. The simulations were conducted for aspect ratios (ARs) of 2, 5, and 10 and Reynolds numbers (Re) of 1 × 104, 3 × 104, 5 × 104, and 1 × 105. Under infinite conditions, the drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (Cl) exhibit Cl ear transitions from steady to unsteady flow regimes as Re increases, driven by organized vortex shedding. For finite conditions, the presence of a free end significantly alters the flow, inducing strong three-dimensional effects such as high-velocity regions near the end surface and complex vortex structures. The Cd and Cl trends for finite cylinders show reduced values and slower convergence compared to infinite cases due to free end interference. Additionally, the vortex density near the fixed boundary intensifies with increasing Re. These findings provide a comparative understanding of flow dynamics in finite and infinite cases, offering insights into the design of offshore structures.
A Review of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithms Based on Lidar
Authors: Li Yong , An Jiexin , He Na , Li Yanbo , Han Zhenyu , Chen Zishan , Qu Yaping
Published: January 2025

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the key technologies for mobile robots to achieve autonomous driving, and the lidar SLAM algorithm is the mainstream research scheme. Firstly, this paper introduces the overall framework of lidar SLAM, elaborates on the functions of front-end scan matching, loop closure detection, back-end optimization, and map building module, and summarizes the algorithms used. Then, the classical representative SLAM algorithms are described and compared from three aspects: pure lidar SLAM algorithm, multi-sensor fusion SLAM algorithm, and deep learning lidar SLAM algorithm. Finally, the challenges faced by the lidar SLAM algorithm in practical use are discussed. The development trend of the lidar SLAM algorithm is prospected from five dimensions: lightweight, multi-sensor fusion, combination of new sensors, multi-robot collaboration, and deep learning. This paper can provide a brief guide for novices entering the field of SLAM and provide a comprehensive reference for experienced researchers and engineers to explore new research directions.
The Identifying Factors Affecting Nursing Workload: A Literature Review
Authors: Arruum Diah , Yulia Sri , Muliyadi Muliyadi , Asiah Nur
Published: January 2025

Nurses are essential in realizing quality health service management. This quality can be achieved if the quality of life of nurses is maintained and control is optimal. However, nurses in various work units still face workloads that result in disruptions to the quality of patient safety. The study aimed to identify factors Affecting Nursing Workload. The year used was 2019-2023, and the research design used all quantitative and qualitative research-data based on ProQuest, Pub Med, and Science Direct articles. The article was published in English, and nurses as a sample. Factors OR Aspect AND Affecting OR Influencing AND Workload OR “amount of work” OR “high workload” AND nurses. There were twelve articles included in this article. This article studies three themes: the effects of a high nursing workload on patient care, the impact of a high nursing workload on mental nurses, and other factors. A nurse’s workload can cause problems with patients, the mental health of nurses, and other factors. It requires commitment from leaders, managers, and nurses to provide patient care and services to improve the quality of nurses’ work and patient satisfaction.
La celebración de pequeñas y grandes fiestas en la documentación latina de la Cataluña altomedieval
Authors: Fornés Pallicer Maria Antònia , Quetglas Nicolau Pedro J.
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo se propone analizar la documentación latina de la Cataluña altomedieval con el fin de detectar en ella la existencia de celebraciones festivas y obtener información sobre estas. Con este propósito se realiza un análisis de los elementos léxicos asociados a dos características esenciales de las celebraciones : la confluencia de un gran número de gente y el banquete. Así, por una parte, se indaga en el uso de términos como, entre otros, caterua , coetus , concursus , conglobatio , congregatio o multitudo , que se relacionan con los asistentes ; y, por otra parte, en lo que respecta a la comida en tanto que ligada a la celebración, se analizan términos como reficio , refectio , conuiuium , caritas , cena o prandium .
(Un)erwünschte Bräuche oder koleda und pomlázka
Authors: Silagiová Zuzana
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit zwei Volksbräuchen, die mit religiösen Festen verbunden sind und deren Namen und Beschreibungen sich im Material des mittellateinischen Wörterbuchs in Böhmen und Mähren (Latinitatis medii aevi lexicon Bohemorum ) finden. Der Name des ersten, kalenda , hat seinen Ursprung in der römischen Bezeichnung für den ersten Tag des Monats. Der Brauch findet in der Weihnachtszeit statt und wird als feierlichen Rundgang mit Gesang durchgeführt ; unter demselben Namen ist er im polnischen mittellateinischen Wörterbuch dokumen-tiert ; Alt-und Neutschechisch kennen ihn als koleda . Der zweite Brauch ist ein rituelles Auspeitschen, das zu Ostern erfolgt und nur unter seinen vernakularen Namen (tsche-chisch pomlázka , deutsch schmackostern ) bekannt ist. Beide Bräuche enthalten eine heidnische Symbolik, die später der christlichen Lehre angepasst wurde. Der Beitrag erörtert die Begriffe anhand lexikographischer Methoden, untersucht ihre Etymologie und Bedeutung und verfolgt semantische Veränderungen ; die Ergebnisse werden durch Beispiele aus mittelalterlichen Quellen böhmischer Provenienz belegt.
Léxico relativo a la celebración y la festividad en la documentación latina medieval portugués
Authors: Prieto Espinosa Carlos
Published: January 2025

El Corpus Documentale Latinum Portucalense (CODOLPOR) es una plataforma digital de consulta externa que pone a disposición del público los docu-mentos latinos que se redactaron, entre los siglos IX y XIII , en el territorio correspon-diente al dominio lingüístico del portugués antiguo. Partiendo de los cerca de 1700 diplomas que actualmente contiene dicha herramienta, en este trabajo se rastrean y se analizan las denominaciones relativas a la celebración y la festividad que se atestiguan en estas fuentes, lo que permite, a su vez, ilustrar algunas de las particularidades del latín de esta zona geográfica.
SOBRE A SEQUÊNCIA PADOVAN PONDERADA VIA OPERADORES DIFERENCIAIS FRACIONÁRIOS DE BALIARSINGH
Authors: Machado Fernandes Lucas , Machado Fernandes Aquino Andrea
Published: January 2025

Este artigo investiga as propriedades qualitativas das classes de sequências Padovan ponderadas e apresenta estimativas para a função geradora associada à sequência diferencial de (kn)-Padovan utilizando o operador fracionário de Baliarsingh.
Palavras-chave: Sequência (kn)-Padovan; Função geradora; Operador fracionário de Baliarsingh.
REFLETINDO SOBRE APREENSÕES FIGURAIS NA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS GEOMÉTRICOS: PERSPECTIVAS DE ALUNOS DO 8.º ANO
Authors: Aparecido da Silva Antônio Alexandre , Garcia Silva Angelica da Fontoura , Pietropaolo Ruy Cesar
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar possibilidades de apreensões figurais mobilizadas durante a resolução de problemas geométricos por alunos do 8.º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizaram-se os estudos de Duval (1994, 1995, 2006, 2012, 2018) sobre apreensões para conduzir esta investigação – de caráter qualitativo e com características intervencionistas –, envolvendo 23 estudantes de uma escola particular em São Paulo. A coleta de dados incluiu protocolos de tarefas respondidas pelos participantes, observações e registros escritos e gravados em vídeo e áudio. Os resultados destacaram que a manipulação direta com  figuras potencializa o desenvolvimento das apreensões figurais, em especial para compreender conceitos geométricos;  incentiva a exploração de estratégias; estimula a visualização espacial e o raciocínio dedutivo;  proporcionando aos alunos uma aprendizagem mais significativa A sistematização dessas estratégias e o uso de materiais manipulativos desempenharam um papel relevante no desenvolvimento das habilidades matemáticas dos alunos, preparando-os para enfrentar situações-problema com confiança e criatividade. Salienta-se, assim, a relevância das apreensões e manipulações figurativas como elementos potencialmente ricos no ensino de Geometria.
Palavras-chave: Ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática. Ensino Fundamental. Apreensão Figural. Resolução de Problemas. Materiais Manipuláveis.
Teucrium polium subsp. Helichrysoides (Diels) Maire, native to Central Sahara: phytochimical profile and antioxidant activity of essential oil
Authors: Lakehal Samah , Hamidi Youcef , Chaouia Cherifa , Chader Henni
Published: January 2025

Tem sido manifestada uma preocupação considerável relativamente à segurança dos produtos químicos utilizados nas indústrias agroalimentar, cosmética e farmacêutica. Esta preocupação está particularmente relacionada com os efeitos secundários potencialmente deletérios dos antioxidantes sintéticos, que têm sido associados a danos no fígado e à carcinogénese. Consequentemente, é imperativo explorar soluções alternativas, com as plantas medicinais a fornecerem um reservatório substancial de moléculas bioactivas que possuem propriedades biológicas. Este estudo investiga a atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial (OE) de Teucrium polium subsp. helichrysoides (Diels), originário do Sara Central e conhecido pelas suas propriedades medicinais. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação e o seu perfil fitoquímico foi posteriormente determinado por cromatografia gasosa e espetrometria de massa. Para verificar a atividade antioxidante do óleo essencial, foram utilizados três ensaios in vitro: eliminação do radical livre difenil-1-picrilhidrazil, poder antioxidante redutor férrico e branqueamento do β-caroteno. Os resultados demonstraram que o OE apresentava um elevado teor de sesquiterpenos, sendo o β-eudesmol (66,67%) identificado como o principal composto. Este quimiotipo β-eudesmol não foi previamente identificado na bibliografia. Apesar de exibir uma capacidade significativa para eliminar radicais livres e um poder redutor, a atividade antioxidante do OE foi comparativamente mais fraca na inibição da oxidação lipídica. A atividade antioxidante do OE foi mais fraca em comparação com a dos antioxidantes padrão. O OE de Teucrium polium L. subespécie de Hoggar contém um elevado teor de sesquiterpenos oxigenados, particularmente β-eudesmol, álcool sesquiterpenóide, que pode contribuir para as suas propriedades antioxidantes. Este facto sublinha a importância desta molécula nas indústrias agroalimentar, cosmética e farmacêutica.
Safe Landscape: Evaluating Crime Prevention through Urban Morphology and Natural Surveillance Metrics
Authors: Bosquilia Abade Victor Augusto , Antunes Hardt Letícia Peret , Hardt Carlos
Published: January 2025

Urban morphological dynamics play a leading role in influencing the occurrence of criminal activities. The spatial configuration of public spaces can either amplify or mitigate the incidence of offenses in specific locations, as well as impact perceptions of insecurity and fear. Within the context of Brazilian cities, the rise in crime generates significantharm, affecting various sectors of society. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate urban landscape morphology and visual dynamics related to crime incidence in the central neighborhood of the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Using a mixed-method approach, criminal data was geocoded through heat maps to identify urban spaces for analysis. The evaluation procedures, grounded solely in crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and defensible space principles of natural surveillance, were developed to assess Google Street View images. The Delphi Technique was applied to establish the weighting of criteria related to visual permeability. Spatialization and critical assessment of results were followed.The study found that despite favorable morphological conditions for natural surveillance and visual permeability in the city center, crime rates remained high. Key contributions include developing an online methodology for urban analysis enabling fast and effective city diagnostics for researchers and urban planners, which was chosen over in locopictures for temporal comparability, access to sensitive areas, and data quality consistency. Beyond, the prioritization of visual landscape criteria provides a singular element analysis that expands on environmental criminology research. These findings suggest that natural surveillance alone does not account for the elevated incidence of street thefts and robberies, highlighting the need for a holistic framework that considers socioeconomic,cultural, and spatial factors. It is recommended further methodological refinement beyond exploratory approaches, adaptations to specific Brazilian and Global South contexts, and a broader inclusion of relevant variables.
The Path from The Hustler to The Man Who does Sex Work: Changes and Perspectives in Anglophonic Literature
Authors: Camargo Borges Josafá Barros , Passamani Guilherme R.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the academic literature on male sex work, particularly on English-language publications. This research covers more than 150 articles and books, offering a literature review that investigates three distinct historical periods: the hustler as a social problem; the male sex worker as a vector of disease; and sex work as a profession. Our analysis reveals the development of perceptions about male sex work, highlighting its transition from a pathologizing understanding to a more professionalized recognition. Issues of identity, economics, Health, and technology are examined, demonstrating how the intersection of these factors shapes men’s experiences and lives within the sex industry. Case studies from diverse geographies illustrate the varied academic concerns, from violence and legislation to Public Health and sex tourism. This article highlights the predominance of Health in this field of study, reflecting on the implications of this concern for the dissemination and impact of knowledge about male sex work.