bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GATA4-activated lncRNA MALAT1 promotes osteogenic differentiation through inhibiting NEDD4-mediated RUNX1 degradation
Authors: Huang Xianzhe , Jie Shuo , Li Wenzhao , Liu Chan
Published: May 2023

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) brings a lot of inconvenience to patients and serious economic burden to society. The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays vital role in the process of PMOP treatment. However, the functional mechanism remains unclear. In this study, GATA4, MALAT1 and KHSRP were downregulated in bone tissues of PMOP patients, while NEDD4 was overexpressed. Through functional experiments, GATA4 overexpression strikingly accelerated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and promoted bone formation in vitro and in vivo, while these effects were dramatically reversed after MALAT1 silence. Intermolecular interaction experiments confirmed that GATA4 activated the transcription of MALAT1, which could form a ‘RNA-protein’ complex with KHSRP to decay NEDD4 mRNA. NEDD4 promoted the degradation of Runx1 by ubiquitination. Moreover, NEDD4 silencing blocked the inhibitory effects of MALAT1 knockdown on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In sum up, GATA4-activated MALAT1 promoted BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via regulating KHSPR/NEDD4 axis-regulated RUNX1 degradation, ultimately improving PMOP.
Implementing quantum dimensionality reduction for non-Markovian stochastic simulation
Authors: Wu Kang-Da , Yang Chengran , He Ren-Dong , Gu Mile , Xiang Guo-Yong , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Elliott Thomas J.
Published: May 2023

Complex systems are embedded in our everyday experience. Stochastic modelling enables us to understand and predict the behaviour of such systems, cementing its utility across the quantitative sciences. Accurate models of highly non-Markovian processes – where the future behaviour depends on events that happened far in the past – must track copious amounts of information about past observations, requiring high-dimensional memories. Quantum technologies can ameliorate this cost, allowing models of the same processes with lower memory dimension than corresponding classical models. Here we implement such memory-efficient quantum models for a family of non-Markovian processes using a photonic setup. We show that with a single qubit of memory our implemented quantum models can attain higher precision than possible with any classical model of the same memory dimension. This heralds a key step towards applying quantum technologies in complex systems modelling.
Wide-range continuous tuning of the thermal conductivity of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ films via room-temperature ion-gel gating
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Postiglione William M. , Xie Rui , Zhang Chi , Zhou Hao , Chaturvedi Vipul , Heltemes Kei , Zhou Hua , Feng Tianli , Leighton Chris , Wang Xiaojia
Published: May 2023

Solid-state control of the thermal conductivity of materials is of exceptional interest for novel devices such as thermal diodes and switches. Here, we demonstrate the ability tocontinuouslytune the thermal conductivity of nanoscale films of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ(LSCO) by a factor of over 5, via a room-temperature electrolyte-gate-induced non-volatile topotactic phase transformation from perovskite (withδ≈ 0.1) to an oxygen-vacancy-ordered brownmillerite phase (withδ= 0.5), accompanied by a metal-insulator transition. Combining time-domain thermoreflectance and electronic transport measurements, model analyses based on molecular dynamics and Boltzmann transport equation, and structural characterization by X-ray diffraction, we uncover and deconvolve the effects of these transitions on heat carriers, including electrons and lattice vibrations. The wide-range continuous tunability of LSCO thermal conductivity enabled by low-voltage (below 4 V) room-temperature electrolyte gating opens the door to non-volatile dynamic control of thermal transport in perovskite-based functional materials, for thermal regulation and management in device applications.
High-throughput and high-accuracy single-cell RNA isoform analysis using PacBio circular consensus sequencing
Authors: Shi Zhuo-Xing , Chen Zhi-Chao , Zhong Jia-Yong , Hu Kun-Hua , Zheng Ying-Feng , Chen Ying , Xie Shang-Qian , Bo Xiao-Chen , Luo Feng , Tang Chong , Xiao Chuan-Le , Liu Yi-Zhi
Published: May 2023

Although long-read single-cell RNA isoform sequencing (scISO-Seq) can reveal alternative RNA splicing in individual cells, it suffers from a low read throughput. Here, we introduce HIT-scISOseq, a method that removes most artifact cDNAs and concatenates multiple cDNAs for PacBio circular consensus sequencing (CCS) to achieve high-throughput and high-accuracy single-cell RNA isoform sequencing. HIT-scISOseq can yield >10 million high-accuracy long-reads in a single PacBio Sequel II SMRT Cell 8M. We also report the development of scISA-Tools that demultiplex HIT-scISOseq concatenated reads into single-cell cDNA reads with >99.99% accuracy and specificity. We apply HIT-scISOseq to characterize the transcriptomes of 3375 corneal limbus cells and reveal cell-type-specific isoform expression in them. HIT-scISOseq is a high-throughput, high-accuracy, technically accessible method and it can accelerate the burgeoning field of long-read single-cell transcriptomics.
MetaTiME integrates single-cell gene expression to characterize the meta-components of the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xiang Guanjue , Jiang Alva Yijia , Lynch Allen , Zeng Zexian , Wang Chenfei , Zhang Wubing , Fan Jingyu , Kang Jiajinlong , Gu Shengqing Stan , Wan Changxin , Zhang Boning , Liu X. Shirley , Brown Myles , Meyer Clifford A.
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have shown heterogeneous cell types and gene expression states in the non-cancerous cells in tumors. The integration of multiple scRNA-seq datasets across tumors can indicate common cell types and states in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We develop a data driven framework, MetaTiME, to overcome the limitations in resolution and consistency that result from manual labelling using known gene markers. Using millions of TME single cells, MetaTiME learns meta-components that encode independent components of gene expression observed across cancer types. The meta-components are biologically interpretable as cell types, cell states, and signaling activities. By projecting onto the MetaTiME space, we provide a tool to annotate cell states and signature continuums for TME scRNA-seq data. Leveraging epigenetics data, MetaTiME reveals critical transcriptional regulators for the cell states. Overall, MetaTiME learns data-driven meta-components that depict cellular states and gene regulators for tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy.
Integrated genomic analysis reveals aberrations in WNT signaling in germ cell tumors of childhood and adolescence
Authors: Xu Lin , Pierce Joshua L. , Sanchez Angelica , Chen Kenneth S. , Shukla Abhay A. , Fustino Nicholas J. , Stuart Sarai H. , Bagrodia Aditya , Xiao Xue , Guo Lei , Krailo Mark D. , Shaikh Furqan , Billmire Deborah F. , Pashankar Farzana , Bestrashniy Jessica , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Gillis Ad J. M. , Xie Yang , Teot Lisa , Mora Jaume , Poynter Jenny N. , Rakheja Dinesh , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Draper Bruce W. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Amatruda James F.
Published: May 2023

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms of the testis, ovary and extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children, adolescents and adults. Post-pubertal (type II) malignant GCTs may present as seminoma, non-seminoma or mixed histologies. In contrast, pre-pubertal (type I) GCTs are limited to (benign) teratoma and (malignant) yolk sac tumor (YST). Epidemiologic and molecular data have shown that pre- and post-pubertal GCTs arise by distinct mechanisms. Dedicated studies of the genomic landscape of type I and II GCT in children and adolescents are lacking. Here we present an integrated genomic analysis of extracranial GCTs across the age spectrum from 0–24 years. Activation of the WNT pathway by somatic mutation, copy-number alteration, and differential promoter methylation is a prominent feature of GCTs in children, adolescents and young adults, and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Significantly, we find that small molecule WNT inhibitors can suppress GCT cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the importance of WNT pathway signaling in GCTs across all ages and provide a foundation for future efforts to develop targeted therapies for these cancers.
Charge order in the kagome lattice Holstein model: a hybrid Monte Carlo study
Authors: Bradley Owen , Cohen-Stead Benjamin , Johnston Steven , Barros Kipton , Scalettar Richard T.
Published: May 2023

The Holstein model is a paradigmatic description of the electron-phonon interaction, in which electrons couple to local dispersionless phonon modes, independent of momentum. The model has been shown to host a variety of ordered ground states such as charge density wave (CDW) order and superconductivity on several geometries, including the square, honeycomb, and Lieb lattices. In this work, we study CDW formation in the Holstein model on the kagome lattice, using a recently developed hybrid Monte Carlo simulation method. We present evidence for $$\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}$$

3

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3

CDW order at an average electron filling of 〈n〉 = 2/3 per site, with an ordering wavevector at the K-points of the Brillouin zone. We estimate a phase transition occurring at Tc ≈ t/18, where t is the nearest-neighbor hopping parameter. Our simulations find no signature of CDW order at other electron fillings or ordering momenta for temperatures T ≥ t/20.
Iron-organic frameworks as effective fenton-like catalysts for peroxymonosulfate decomposition in advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Li Meng , Song Jiayu , Han Wei , Yeung King Lun , Zhou Shaoqi , Mo Ce-Hui
Published: May 2023

Although Fenton-like reactions have been extensively used to treat various organic contaminants in wastewaters (oily wastewaters, landfill leachate, denitrification with Fenton oxidized non-degradable large molecular organic pollutants, and removal of phosphorus, etc.), the difficulty in catalyst recovery and the instability of catalytic activity limit their practical application. Herein, iron atoms were inserted in a metal-organic framework (FeNC) with dual reaction sites as highly reactive and stable electro-Fenton-like catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants via the electro-Fenton-like activation reaction of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with fractional leaching of metal ions. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that FeNC with FeN4 and Fe–Fe active sites can rapidly deliver electrons for PMS dissociation. Further, an electrolysis reactor was constructed for the on-site generation of reactive oxygen species, which can stably and continuously purify various organic wastewaters. The combined use of an electrolysis reactor and magnetic catalyst in the current study provides a direction for the long-term remediation of organic pollutants on an industrial scale.
Thirty years of nutrients and biogeochemistry in the Norwegian, Greenland and Iceland Seas, 1990–2019
Authors: Gundersen Kjell , Møgster Jane S. , Lien Vidar , Ershova Elizaveta , Lunde Linda F. , Arnesen Hilde , Olsen Ann-Kristin
Published: May 2023

This dataset contains biogeochemical samples analyzed by the Plankton Chemistry Laboratory at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR), from the Norwegian, Greenland and Iceland Seas. Number of surveys and stations have varied greatly over the last 3 decades. IMR is conducting one annual Ecosystem Survey in April-May each year, with multiple trawl surveys and net tows, but only CTD water collections are reported here. This month-long exercise also has companion vessels from Iceland and the Faroe Islands surveying their own territorial waters. Three transects are the core of the time-series, visited multiple times each year (Svinøy-NorthWest, Gimsøy-NorthWest, Bjørnøya-West). On each station, the CTD cast is sampled for dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments (ChlA, Phaeo) at predetermined depths. At times, short-term projects have collected samples for Winkler dissolved oxygen titrations (DOW) and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PN) determinations. This unique data set has seen limited use over the years but is a great contribution towards global ocean research and climate change investigations.
Accumulation of radiocarbon in ancient landscapes: A small but significant input of unknown origin
Authors: Broz Adrian , Aguilar Jerod , Xu Xiaomei , Silva Lucas C. R.
Published: May 2023

The persistence of organic carbon (C) in soil is most often considered at timescales ranging from tens to thousands of years, but the study of organic C in paleosols (i.e., ancient, buried soils) suggests that paleosols may have the capacity to preserve organic compounds for tens of millions of years. However, a quantitative assessment of C sources and sinks from these ancient terrestrial landscapes is complicated by additions of geologically modern (~ 10 Ka) C, primarily due to the infiltration of dissolved organic carbon. In this study, we quantified total organic C and radiocarbon activity in samples collected from 28- to 33-million-year-old paleosols that are naturally exposed as unvegetated badlands near eastern Oregon’s “Painted Hills”. We also used thermal and evolved gas analysis to examine the thermodynamic stability of different pools of C in bulk samples. The study site is part of a ~ 400-m-thick sequence of Eocene–Oligocene (45–28 Ma) paleosols, and thus we expected to find radiocarbon-free samples preserved in deep layers of the lithified, brick-like exposed outcrops. Total organic C, measured in three individual profiles spanning depth transects from the outcrop surface to a 1-m depth, ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 wt% with no clear C-concentration or age-depth profile. Ten radiocarbon dates from the same profiles reveal radiocarbon ages of ~ 11,000–30,000 years BP that unexpectedly indicate additions of potentially modern organic C. A two-endmember mixing model for radiocarbon activity suggests that modern C may compose ~ 0.5–2.4% of the total organic C pool. Thermal and evolved gas analysis showed the presence of two distinct pools of organic C, but there was no direct evidence that C compounds were associated with clay minerals. These results challenge the assumption that ancient badland landscapes are inert and “frozen in time” and instead suggest they readily interact with the modern C cycle.
Meal-specific dietary patterns and biomarkers of insulin resistance in a sample of Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lesani Azadeh , Jayedi Ahmad , Karimi Mehrdad , Djafarian Kurosh , Barkhidarian Bahareh , Akbarzade Zahra , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: May 2023

Current research emphasizes the habitual dietary pattern without differentiating eating occasions. We aimed to assess meal-specific dietary patterns and insulin resistance indicators. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 825 Iranian adults. Dietary data were recorded by three 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) on main meals and an afternoon snack. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigation, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride, insulin, c-reactive protein (CRP) were done. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and sensitivity (HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS), Triglycerides and glucose (TyG-index), and Lipid accommodation product index were calculated. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) analysis. Two major dietary patterns at the main meals and the afternoon were identified. Higher adherence to “Bread, vegetable, and cheese” dietary pattern at breakfast was related to lower FPG, and “Oil, egg, and cereals” showed a direct association with body mass index, FPG, and TyG-index at breakfast. The “Western” pattern in lunch and dinner directly related to waist circumference (WC) and body mass index, however, it was inversely related to HOMA-IS. This pattern at dinner was related to higher CRP. Higher adherence to “bread, cereals, and oil” pattern at afternoon snack was associated with a lower WC. These results indicated that unhealthy meal-specific dietary patterns are associated with a greater chance of obesity and insulin resistance risk. However, “Bread, vegetable, and cheese” dietary pattern at breakfast was related to lower FPG, and “bread, cereals, and oil” pattern in the afternoon was associated with lower WC.
Co-application of Mycorrhiza and methyl jasmonate regulates morpho-physiological and antioxidant responses of Crocus sativus (Saffron) under salinity stress conditions
Authors: Hamidian Mohammad , Movahhedi-Dehnavi Mohsen , Sayyed R. Z. , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Gafur Abdul , Fazeli-Nasab Bahman
Published: May 2023

Salinity stress is the second most devastating abiotic factor limiting plant growth and yields. Climate changes have significantly increased salinity levels of soil. Besides improving the physiological responses under stress conditions, jasmonates modulate Mycorrhiza—Plant relationships. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) andFunneliformis mosseae(Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) on morphology and improving antioxidant mechanisms inCrocus sativusL. under salinity stress. After inoculation with AM, pre-treatedC. sativuscorms with MeJ were grown under low, moderate, and severe salinity stress. Intense salinity levels damaged the corm, root, total leaf dry weight, and area. Salinities up to 50 mM increased Proline content and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, but MeJ increased this trend in proline. Generally, MeJ increased anthocyanins, total soluble sugars, and PPO. Total chlorophyll and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by salinity. The maximum catalase and SOD activities in + MeJ + AM were 50 and 125 mM, respectively, and the maximum total chlorophyll in –MeJ + AM treatment was 75 mM. Although 20 and 50 mM increased plant growth, using mycorrhiza and jasmonate enhanced this trend. Moreover, these treatments reduced the damage of 75 and 100 mM salinity stress. Using MeJ and AM can improve the growth of saffron under various ranges of salinity stress levels; however, in severe levels like 120 mM, this phytohormone andF. mosseaeeffects on saffron could be adverse.
Association of gamma-glutamyl transferase variability with risk of venous thrombosis
Authors: Chang Yoonkyung , Lee Heajung , Song Tae-Jin
Published: May 2023

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a biomarker of inflammation, and is known to be associated with stroke and atrial fibrillation. Venous thromboembolism (VT), a not uncommon thrombotic disorder, shares similar mechanisms with other thrombotic disorders including these stroke and atrial fibrillation. Given these associations, we intended to investigate the potential association between variability in GGT and VT. The study included data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, comprising 1,085,105 participants with health examinations 3 or more times from 2003 to 2008. Variability indexes were the coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and variability independent of the mean. The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VT) was defined with more than one claim of the following ICD-10 codes: deep VT (I80.2–80.3), pulmonary thromboembolism (I26), intraabdominal venous thrombosis (I81, I82.2, I82.3), or other VT (I82.8, I82.9). To determine the relationship of quartiles of GGT with incident VT risk, Kaplan–Meier survival curve and logrank test were used. Cox’s proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the risk of VT occurrence by GGT quartile (Q1–Q4). A total of 1,085,105 subjects were incorporated in the analysis, and the average follow-up was 12.4 years (interquartile range 12.2–12.6). VT occurred in 11,769 (1.08%) patients. The GGT level was measured 5,707,768 times in this stud. Multivariable analysis showed that GGT variability were positively associated with the occurrence of VT. Compared to the Q1, the Q4 showed an adjusted HR of 1.15 (95% CI 1.09–1.21, p < 0.001) when using coefficient of variation, 1.24 (95% CI 1.17–1.31, p < 0.001) when using standard deviation, and 1.10 (95% CI 1.05–1.16, p < 0.001) when using variability independent of the mean. Increased variability of GGT may be related to an increased risk of VT. Maintaining a stable GGT level would be beneficial in reducing the risk of VT.
Enhanced design of multiplexed coded masks for Fresnel incoherent correlation holography
Authors: Gopinath Shivasubramanian , Bleahu Andrei , Kahro Tauno , John Francis Rajeswary Aravind Simon , Kumar Ravi , Kukli Kaupo , Tamm Aile , Rosen Joseph , Anand Vijayakumar
Published: May 2023

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a well-established incoherent digital holography technique. In FINCH, light from an object point splits into two, differently modulated using two diffractive lenses with different focal distances and interfered to form a self-interference hologram. The hologram numerically back propagates to reconstruct the image of the object at different depths. FINCH, in the inline configuration, requires at least three camera shots with different phase shifts between the two interfering beams followed by superposition to obtain a complex hologram that can be used to reconstruct an object’s image without the twin image and bias terms. In general, FINCH is implemented using an active device, such as a spatial light modulator, to display the diffractive lenses. The first version of FINCH used a phase mask generated by random multiplexing of two diffractive lenses, which resulted in high reconstruction noise. Therefore, a polarization multiplexing method was later developed to suppress the reconstruction noise at the expense of some power loss. In this study, a novel computational algorithm based on the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GSA) called transport of amplitude into phase (TAP-GSA) was developed for FINCH to design multiplexed phase masks with high light throughput and low reconstruction noise. The simulation and optical experiments demonstrate a power efficiency improvement of ~ 150 and ~ 200% in the new method in comparison to random multiplexing and polarization multiplexing, respectively. The SNR of the proposed method is better than that of random multiplexing in all tested cases but lower than that of the polarization multiplexing method.
Thermoelasticity of ice explains widespread damage in dripstone caves during glacial periods
Authors: Spötl Christoph , Jarosch Alexander H. , Saxer Andreas , Koltai Gabriella , Zhang Haiwei
Published: May 2023

Damage to speleothems is a common phenomenon in mid-latitude caves, and multiple causes have been proposed. Here we report on one of such type of damage, namely stalagmites that are broken and partially sheared near their base but are still in upright position. Such stalagmites occur in the Obir Caves (Austria) associated with cryogenic cave carbonates, demonstrating the former presence of cave ice. 230Th dating suggests damage to the speleothems during the Last Glacial Maximum. Numerical modelling combined with laboratory measurements demonstrates that internal deformation within a cave ice body cannot fracture stalagmites, even on a steep slope. Instead, temperature changes lead to thermoelastic stresses within an ice body that reach values equaling to and exceeding the tensile strength of even large stalagmites. Differences in thermal expansion coefficients cause a sharp vertical jump in stress between the stalagmite and the surrounding ice body, and the ice lifts the stalagmite as it expands with increasing temperature. This study refutes the previously accepted model that flow of ice breaks stalagmites, and suggests a link between glacial climate variability and corresponding cooling and warming cycles in the subsurface that weaken and eventually fracture stalagmites due to the opposing thermoelastic properties of calcite and ice.
Detection of long terminal repeat loci derived from endogenous retrovirus in junglefowl using whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Ishihara Shinya
Published: May 2023

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are genetic elements present in the genome that retain traces of past viral infections. Characterization of ERVs can provide crucial insights into avian evolution. This study aimed to identify novel long terminal repeat (LTR) loci derived from ERVs (ERV-LTRs) absent in the reference genome using whole-genome sequencing data of red junglefowl, gray junglefowl, Ceylon junglefowl, and green junglefowl. In total, 835 ERV-LTR loci were identified across the four Gallus species. The numbers of ERV-LTRs loci detected in red junglefowl and its subspecies gray junglefowl, Ceylon junglefowl, and green junglefowl were 362, 216, 193, and 128, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was congruent with previously reported trees, suggesting the potential for inferring relationships among past junglefowl populations from the identified ERV-LTR loci. Of the detected loci, 306 ERV-LTRs were identified near or within the genes, and some were associated with cell adhesion. The detected ERV-LTR sequences were classified as endogenous avian retrovirus family, avian leukosis virus subgroup E, Ovex-1, and murine leukemia virus-related ERVs. In addition, the sequence of the EAV family was divided into four patterns by combining the U3, R, and U5 regions. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of junglefowl ERVs.
High Curie temperature ferromagnetic structures of (Sb2Te3)1−x(MnSb2Te4)x with x = 0.7–0.8
Authors: Levy Ido , Forrester Candice , Ding Xiaxin , Testelin Christophe , Krusin-Elbaum Lia , Tamargo Maria C.
Published: May 2023

Magnetic topological materials are promising for realizing novel quantum physical phenomena. Among these, bulk Mn-rich MnSb2Te4is ferromagnetic due to MnSbantisites and has relatively high Curie temperatures (TC), which is attractive for technological applications. We have previously reported the growth of materials with the formula (Sb2Te3)1−x(MnSb2Te4)x, where x varies between 0 and 1. Here we report on their magnetic and transport properties. We show that the samples are divided into three groups based on the value of x (or the percent septuple layers within the crystals) and their corresponding TCvalues. Samples that contain x < 0.7 or x > 0.9 have a single TCvalue of 15–20 K and 20–30 K, respectively, while samples with 0.7 < x < 0.8 exhibit two TCvalues, one (TC1) at ~ 25 K and the second (TC2) reaching values above 80 K, almost twice as high as any reported value to date for these types of materials. Structural analysis shows that samples with 0.7 < x < 0.8 have large regions of only SLs, while other regions have isolated QLs embedded within the SL lattice. We propose that the SL regions give rise to a TC1of ~ 20 to 30 K, and regions with isolated QLs are responsible for the higher TC2values. Our results have important implications for the design of magnetic topological materials having enhanced properties.
Optimized metrics for orthogonal combinatorial CRISPR screens
Authors: Cetin Ronay , Wegner Martin , Luwisch Leah , Saud Sarada , Achmedov Tatjana , Süsser Sebastian , Vera-Guapi Antonella , Müller Konstantin , Matthess Yves , Quandt Eva , Schaubeck Simone , Beisel Chase L. , Kaulich Manuel
Published: May 2023

CRISPR-based gene perturbation enables unbiased investigations of single and combinatorial genotype-to-phenotype associations. In light of efforts to map combinatorial gene dependencies at scale, choosing an efficient and robust CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease is of utmost importance. Even though SpCas9 and AsCas12a are widely used for single, combinatorial, and orthogonal screenings, side-by-side comparisons remain sparse. Here, we systematically compared combinatorial SpCas9, AsCas12a, and CHyMErA in hTERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells and extracted performance-critical parameters for combinatorial and orthogonal CRISPR screens. Our analyses identified SpCas9 to be superior to enhanced and optimized AsCas12a, with CHyMErA being largely inactive in the tested conditions. Since AsCas12a contains RNA processing activity, we used arrayed dual-gRNAs to improve AsCas12a and CHyMErA applications. While this negatively influenced the effect size range of combinatorial AsCas12a applications, it enhanced the performance of CHyMErA. This improved performance, however, was limited to AsCas12a dual-gRNAs, as SpCas9 gRNAs remained largely inactive. To avoid the use of hybrid gRNAs for orthogonal applications, we engineered the multiplex SpCas9-enAsCas12a approach (multiSPAS) that avoids RNA processing for efficient orthogonal gene editing.
Orai, RyR, and IP3R channels cooperatively regulate calcium signaling in brain mid-capillary pericytes
Authors: Phillips Braxton , Clark Jenna , Martineau Éric , Rungta Ravi L.
Published: May 2023

Pericytes are multifunctional cells of the vasculature that are vital to brain homeostasis, yet many of their fundamental physiological properties, such as Ca2+ signaling pathways, remain unexplored. We performed pharmacological and ion substitution experiments to investigate the mechanisms underlying pericyte Ca2+ signaling in acute cortical brain slices of PDGFRβ-Cre::GCaMP6f mice. We report that mid-capillary pericyte Ca2+ signalling differs from ensheathing type pericytes in that it is largely independent of L- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Instead, Ca2+ signals in mid-capillary pericytes were inhibited by multiple Orai channel blockers, which also inhibited Ca2+ entry triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store depletion. An investigation into store release pathways indicated that Ca2+ transients in mid-capillary pericytes occur through a combination of IP3R and RyR activation, and that Orai store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is required to sustain and amplify intracellular Ca2+ increases evoked by the GqGPCR agonist endothelin-1. These results suggest that Ca2+ influx via Orai channels reciprocally regulates IP3R and RyR release pathways in the ER, which together generate spontaneous Ca2+ transients and amplify Gq-coupled Ca2+ elevations in mid-capillary pericytes. Thus, SOCE is a major regulator of pericyte Ca2+ and a target for manipulating their function in health and disease.
OAF is a DAF-like gene that controls ovule development in plants
Authors: Li Ya-Chun , Lin Jhe-Yi , Hsu Wei-Han , Kung Chen-Ting , Dai Shu-Yu , Yang Jun-Yi , Tan Choon-Meng , Yang Chang-Hsien
Published: May 2023

We previously found that the RING-type E3 ligase DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1- (DAD1-) Activating Factor (DAF) controls anther dehiscence by activating the jasmonate biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, the DAF ancestor was duplicated into three genes (DAF, Ovule Activating Factor (OAF), DAFL2), which evolved divergent partial functions from their ancestor through subfunctionalization. In this case, DAF-DAD1-JA signaling regulates anther dehiscence, whereas OAF controls ovule development by negatively regulating cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 9 (CAD9) activity and being negatively regulated by miR847 itself in Arabidopsis. Downregulation of OAF or upregulation of CAD9 and miR847 caused similar abortion of ovule formation due to precocious ovule lignification in transgenic Arabidopsis. Interestingly, only one DAF-like gene, PaOAF, exists in the monocot orchids, which has likely evolved through nonfunctionalization and maintains a conserved function as Arabidopsis OAF in regulating ovule development since defective ovules were observed in the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) PaOAF Phalaenopsis orchids. The absence of the DAF ortholog and its function in orchids is likely due to the evolution of stamens to a unique pollinium structure that lacks the feature of anther dehiscence. These findings expand the current knowledge underlying the multifunctional evolution and diverse functionalization of duplicate gene pairs within/among plants.
Study of the NaOH(s)–CO2(g) reaction creating value for industry: green natrite production, energy, and its potential in different sustainable scenarios
Authors: Rincón Luis , Ruiz Claudia , Contreras Ricardo R. , Almarza Jorge
Published: May 2023

A solid-based NaOH technology for CO2 capture is presented and an exhaustive discussion of the environmental and energy impact assessments of this transformative process is presented with promising results.
Palladium-loaded ceramic membrane-catalyzed flow-through Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Authors: Wang Shuangqiang , Chen Jinliang , Zhang Fei , Zhao Yao , Wu Xiaojin , Chen Rizhi
Published: May 2023

A general Suzuki–Miyaura reaction catalyzed by a Pd-loaded ceramic membrane in a flow-through membrane reactor is reported for the first time.
Mung bean peptides promote glucose uptake via Jak2 activation in L6 myotubes
Authors: Yoshioka Yasukiyo , Zhang Qing , Wang Xin , Kitakaze Tomoya , Yamashita Yoko , Kohno Mitsutaka , Ashida Hitoshi
Published: May 2023

Mung bean is a promising functional food for the prevention of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes through promoting glucose uptake accompanied by JAK2 activation in the muscle cells.
Strain-induced recognition of molecular and chirality in cholesteric liquid crystal droplets for distance and curvature sensing
Authors: Xie Shuting , Yang Ruizhi , Zhu Qifan , Shen Shitao , Li Lanhui , Zhang Minmin , Hu Xiaowen , Jin Mingliang , Wang Liqiu , Shui Lingling
Published: May 2023

Strain-induced cholesteric liquid crystal droplet deformation creates “core–shell” structures with identifiable sizes and colors. An optical sensor for distance and curvature sensing is achieved due to the rich palette of optically active structures.
An optical keypad lock with high resettability based on a quantum dot–porphyrin FRET nanodevice
Authors: Shen Peng , Liu Yuqian , Qu Xiaojun , Zhu Mingsong , Huang Ting , Sun Qingjiang
Published: May 2023

A QD-FRET nanodevice based 3-input keypad lock is demonstrated to provide a low-cost but robust way toward next-generation security systems for personal information identification and bio-encryption applications.
Design of multi‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with fractional‐slot windings for electromagnetic vibration reduction considering stator teeth modulation
Authors: Liu Zhiguang , Yang Zhiyong , Wang Xiaoyuan , Yu Pengcheng , Li Zhiqiang
Published: May 2023

A multi‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with fractional‐slot windings is proposed to reduce electromagnetic vibration and improve torque performance. Firstly, the analytical expression of electromagnetic force is derived, and the stator teeth modulation effect of electromagnetic force is introduced. The spatial order of the electromagnetic force and the stator teeth modulation are closely related to the slot‐pole combination of the PMSM. Then, three PMSMs with different slot‐pole combinations are presented, and they represent fractional‐slot concentrated winding, integral‐slot distributed winding and fractional‐slot distributed winding, respectively. Their torque performance and electromagnetic vibration performance are studied and compared considering stator teeth modulation. In addition, the multi‐phase winding technology is adopted to further improve the torque performance of the proposed PMSM. Finally, a 90s20p PMSM is manufactured, and the finite element method and experimental method are used to verify the proposed low vibration design method.
Static voltage stability margin prediction considering new energy uncertainty based on graph attention networks and long short‐term memory networks
Authors: Liu Tong , Gu Xueping , Li Shaoyan , Bai Yansong , Wang Tieqiang , Yang Xiaodong
Published: May 2023

The existing static voltage stability margin evaluation methods cannot meet the actual demand of current power grid well in terms of calculation speed and accuracy. Thus, this paper proposes a static voltage stability margin prediction method based on a graph attention network (GAT) and a long short‐term memory network (LSTM) to predict the static voltage stability margin of a power system accurately, fast, and effectively, considering new energy uncertainty. First, an innovative machine learning framework named the GAT‐LSTM is designed to extract highly representative power grid operation features considering the spatial‐temporal correlation of the power grid operation. Then, a static voltage stability margin prediction method based on the GAT‐LSTM is developed. Particularly, considering the influence of new energy power uncertainty, two loss functions of certainty and uncertainty are used in the proposed method to predict the voltage stability margin and voltage fluctuation range. Finally, the IEEE39‐bus power system and a practical power system are employed to verify the proposed method. The results show that the computational speed of the proposed method is greatly improved compared to the traditional methods not based on machine learning; the computation results are more accurate and reliable than the existing machine learning methods. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method has higher scalability and applicability.
Interaction Between Argonaute2 and RNA Molecules: AGO2 Molecular Structure and Different Regions in Nucleotide Chain
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: May 2023

Argonaute2 (AGO2) is an important protein connecting the construction of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and micro-RNA (miRNA) biogenesis. This paper explores the mechanism during the function through previous studies which reveal the crystal structure and affinity comparisons. It is concluded that the AGO2 have compartmentalized domains for certain functions, which have both individual and cooperative role in the entire process. The characters of AGO2 and miRNA suggest a model of regiondifferent nucleotide chains in miRNA, which means its epigenetic information is based on base sequence and its special information. According to these findings, further studies are advised to monitor the reactions in a dynamical method, which would be a new potential entry point for clinical utilization.
Application of machine learning to associative scRNA-seq data gene expression and alternative polyadenylation sites clustering
Authors: Hu Jiongsong , Ren Chao , Shu Wenjie , Zhou Gangqiao
Published: May 2023

Cell type identification is a vital step in the analysis of scRNA-seq data. Transcriptome subtype pivotal information such as alternative polyadenylation (APA) obtained from standard scRNA-seq data can also provide valid clues for cell type identification with no alteration of experimental techniques or increased experimental costs. Furthermore, using multimodal analysis techniques and their methods, more confident cell type identification results can be obtained. For that purpose, we constructed a workflow framework: On five different scRNA-seq datasets, 18 methods based on machine learning that have not yet been applied to identify cell types by association APA and single-cell gene expression fusion were compared with three single-cell clustering methods, and compared these method against the advanced method scLAPA based on similarity network fusion (SNF). In our experiments, we used the adjusted Rand index (ARI) as a metric. We found that unsupervised methods like WMSC and supervised methods like MOGONET have more robust and excellent results in associating APA with single-cell gene expression clustering than methods based only on single-cell gene expression clustering and advanced scLAPA methods.
Mathematical Model of Avascular Tumor Growth: Necrosis and Apoptosis
Authors: Jia Yuxin
Published: May 2023

The first section of this paper reviews the research on the development of avascular tumours, which are tumours without a blood artery network to supply their cells with nutrients. The process of avascular tumours is then illustrated utilising classical PDE model, which is composed of an outer layer of actively dividing cells and an inner core of dead cells (referred to as necrotic cells) (called proliferating cells). The model takes into account both necrosis (a type of cell death brought on by changes in the cell’s microenvironment) and apoptosis (a sort of programmed cell death that takes place when a cell reaches the end of its normal lifespan). We offer a modified, simplified model and study how the relative importance of these mechanisms shifts as the tumour enlarges using a mix of numerical and analytical methods.
An efficient 3D extraction and reconstruction method for myelinated axons of mouse cerebral cortex based on mixed intelligence
Authors: Yan Fang , Ren Jieji , Shao Zhifeng , Li Xiaowei
Published: May 2023

Accurate reconstruction of the 3D morphology and spatial distribution of myelinated axons in mouse brains is very important for understanding the mechanism and dynamic behavior of long-distance information transmission between brain regions. However, it is difficult to segment and reconstruct myelinated axons automatically due to two reasons: the amount of it is huge and the morphology of it is different between brain regions. Traditional artificial labeling methods usually require a large amount of manpower to label each myelinated axon slice by slice, which greatly hinders the development of the mouse brain connectome. In order to solve this problem and improve the reconstruction efficiency, this paper proposes an annotation generation method that takes the myelinated axon as prior knowledge, which can greatly reduce the manual labeling time while reaching the level of manual labeling. This method consists of three steps. Firstly, the 3D axis equation of myelinated axons is established by sparse axon artificial center point labels on slices, and the region to be segmented is pre-extracted according to the 3D axis. Subsequently, the U-Net network was trained by a small number of artificially labeled myelinated axons and was used for precise segmentation of output by the last step, so as to obtain accurate axon 2D morphology. Finally, based on the segmentation results, the high-precision 3D reconstruction of axons was performed by imaris software, and the spatial distribution of myelinated axons in the mouse brain was reconstructed. In this paper, the effectiveness of this method was verified on the dataset of high-resolution X-ray microtomography of the mouse cortex. Experiments show that this method can achieve an average MIoU 81.57, and the efficiency can be improved by more than 1400x compared with the manual labeling method.
Distributed Authentication in a Multi-Zone Direct Acyclic Graph Blockchain for IoT Environment
Authors: Kably Salaheddine , Benbarrad Tajeddine , Alaoui Nabih , GuerreroGonzálezoz Antonio , Arioua Mounir
Published: May 2023

This research paper presents an indepth examination of the security aspects of the Multiple Zone Direct Acyclic Graph Blockchain (MZ-DAG Blockchain) framework. The MZ-DAG Blockchain features a security layer that implements a non-clonable physical function-based validation mechanism for the authentication of multiple certificates within the blockchain. To enhance the security of this layer, this study proposes the integration of a lightweight intrusion detection system specifically designed for the MZ-DAG Blockchain. This work is a contribution to the ongoing efforts to secure and streamline the implementation of blockchain networks in resourceconstrained environments.
Design of Multiband Fractal Antenna Array for Wireless Communication
Authors: Attioui Sanae , El Ouadi Zakaria , El Aoud Salah Eddine , Ibnyaich Saida , Zeroual Abdelouhab
Published: May 2023

This work proposes a modified circular fractal antenna array for multiband applications, including WLAN (5.15–5.85 GHz), C-band applications (3.8–4.4 GHz), and X-band for satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used to simulate the antenna. The substrate material is FR4 epoxy, which has a 4.4 relative permittivity and 1.6 mm of thickness. It is discovered that the antenna only covers a portion of the bandwidth of the aforementioned applications.
Therapie der Tabakabhängigkeit
Authors: Jähne Andreas , Mühlig Stephan , Rüther Tobias , Batra Anil
Published: May 2023

Rauchen ist wegen der hohen Prävalenz gerade bei psychiatrisch
Erkrankten von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Entwicklung einer
körperlichen und psychischen Abhängigkeit macht es oft
schwierig, den Konsum zu beenden. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie liefert
evidenzbasierte Strategien zur Behandlung dieser Suchterkrankung und zum
erfolgreichen Rauchstopp und gibt Empfehlungen für die
Besonderheiten psychiatrischer Patienten und deren Medikation.
Die neuronale Plastizität auf Intensivstation – know the normal!
Authors: Albrecht Sindy
Published: May 2023

„Use it or lose it!“ – wir alle kennen diesen Satz: Wenn wir aufhören, etwas regelmäßig zu tun, dann haben wir zwar noch eine Grundvorstellung, aber wir benötigen beim Wiederaufnehmen der Tätigkeit erst mal Zeit, um uns wieder mit den Bewegungen vertraut zu machen. Je länger die Patienten auf Intensivstationen immobil und in ihren Bewegungen eingeschränkt sind, desto mehr verlernen sie ihre alltäglichen (Bewegungs-)Strategien. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt hier die neuronale Plastizität.
Der Weaningprozess – Durchführung unter Einfluss pflegerischer Expertise
Authors: Wendl Gerlinde
Published: May 2023

Die invasive Beatmung von Patientinnen und Patienten ist immer als vorübergehende Unterstützung zu betrachten. Bereits bei Beginn der Beatmung sollte daher überlegt werden, wie sie auch wieder beendet werden kann, denn mit zunehmender Intubationsdauer erhöhen sich die potenziellen Komplikationen. Der Weaningprozess ist sowohl ärztliche Aufgabe als auch pflegerische Intervention. Da Pflegepersonen meist intensiver und näher mit den Patienten arbeiten, sind sie oft besser in der Lage, den richtigen Zeitpunkt des Weaningbeginns einzuschätzen. – Der Beitrag belegte beim 25. intensiv-Pflegepreis den 3. Platz.
Electrochemical/I– Dual-Catalyzed Access to Sulfonated Pyrazoles under External Oxidant-Free Conditions
Authors: Ma Jing , Yang Jianjing , Wen Jiangwei , Yan Kelu , Luo Boju , Huang Kexin , Wu Ziling , Zhou Yumeng , Zhu Shuyun , Zhao Xian-En
Published: May 2023

An electrochemical/I– dual-catalyzed access to sulfonated pyrazoles from pyrazolones and sodium sulfites under external oxidant-free conditions has been developed. This established electrochemical reaction works smoothly under external oxidant-free conditions and has the advantages of good functional group tolerance, easy to gram-scale synthesis, delivering up to 95% yield for 35 examples.