bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early-childhood BMI trajectories: evidence from a prospective, nationally representative British cohort study
Authors: Stuart B , Panico L
Published: March 2016

Background and Objectives:

By age 5, 20% of British children are classed as overweight or obese, suggesting that early childhood is crucial for lifelong body mass index (BMI) trajectories. In this paper, we identify latent trajectories of early-childhood BMI from ages 3 to 11 years. Given the current context of growing socio-economic inequalities in childhood and adult overweight and obesity, we examine the socio-economic characteristics and mechanisms during pregnancy and infancy which underscore these trajectories.

Subject and Methods:

We use a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of 9699 children born in 2000–2002, living in the United Kingdom shortly after birth, with complete information on height and weight (measured by an interviewer) at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11. Trajectories of BMI are calculated using latent growth mixture models. Multinomial models characterize these trajectories by their socio-economic profiles and mechanisms during pregnancy and infancy.

Results:

Four trajectories were identified: two separate trajectories where BMI remains within a normal range (85% of the sample), an overweight trajectory (14.4%), and an obese trajectory (3.1%). No ‘declining BMI’ or late-onset groups were found. The obese group is already distinct from the other trajectories by age 3. The overweight group diverges from the normal groups around age 5. Strong socio-economic inequalities emerged; for the obese group, part of this disadvantage is mediated through early mechanisms such as pregnancy smoke and not initiating breastfeeding.

Conclusions:

This study provides strong evidence for the idea that childhood BMI trajectories develop early, especially for children who will follow an obese trajectory. Strong socio-economic patterns in these trajectories suggest that the observed trend in growing inequalities may be rooted in early life. Mediating mechanisms for the obese appear to be in the pregnancy and infant period, further research should explore mechanisms occurring around age 5 when the overweight trajectory diverges.
Intake of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks and apple juice is associated with prevalent arthritis in US adults, aged 20–30 years
Authors: DeChristopher L R , Uribarri J , Tucker K L
Published: March 2016

Objective:

There is a link between joint and gut inflammation of unknown etiology in arthritis. Existing research indicates that regular consumption of high-fructose corn syrup sweetened (HFCS) soft drinks, but not diet soft drinks, may be associated with increased risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. One unexplored hypothesis for this association is that fructose malabsorption, due to regular consumption of excess free fructose (EFF) and HFCS, contributes to fructose reactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs, which once absorbed, travel beyond the intestinal boundaries to other tissues and promote inflammation. In separate studies, the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products has been associated with joint inflammation in RA. Objective of this study was to assess the association between EFF beverages intake and non-age, non-wear and tear-associated arthritis in US young adults.

Methods:

In this cross sectional study of 1209 adults aged 20–30y, (Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys 2003–2006) exposure variables were high EFF beverages, including HFCS sweetened soft drinks, and any combination of HFCS sweetened soft drinks, fruit drinks (FD) and apple juice, referred to as tEFF. Analyses of diet soda and diet FD were included for comparison. The outcome was self-reported arthritis. Rao Scott Ҳ2 was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for confounders.

Results:

Young adults consuming any combination of high EFF beverages (tEFF) ⩾5 times/week (but not diet soda) were three times as likely to have arthritis as non/low consumers (odds ratios=3.01; p⩽0.021; 95% confidence intervals=1.20–7.59), independent of all covariates, including physical activity, other dietary factors, blood glucose and smoking.

Conclusion:

EFF beverage intake is significantly associated with arthritis in US adults aged 20–30 years, possibly due to the intestinal in situ formation of enFruAGEs.
Mitochondria-targeted Triphenylamine Derivatives Activatable by Two-Photon Excitation for Triggering and Imaging Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Chennoufi Rahima , Bougherara Houcine , Gagey-Eilstein Nathalie , Dumat Blaise , Henry Etienne , Subra Frédéric , Bury-Moné Stéphanie , Mahuteau-Betzer Florence , Tauc Patrick , Teulade-Fichou Marie-Paule , Deprez Eric
Published: March 2016

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cell death by using a combination of a photosensitizer and an external light source for the production of lethal doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since a major limitation of PDT is the poor penetration of UV-visible light in tissues, there is a strong need for organic compounds whose activation is compatible with near-infrared excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are fluorescent compounds, recently shown to efficiently trigger cell death upon visible light irradiation (458 nm), however outside the so-called optical/therapeutic window. Here, we report that TPAs target cytosolic organelles of living cells, mainly mitochondria, triggering a fast apoptosis upon two-photon excitation, thanks to their large two-photon absorption cross-sections in the 760–860 nm range. Direct ROS imaging in the cell context upon multiphoton excitation of TPA and three-color flow cytometric analysis showing phosphatidylserine externalization indicate that TPA photoactivation is primarily related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via ROS production, although significant differences in the time courses of cell death-related events were observed, depending on the compound. TPAs represent a new class of water-soluble organic photosensitizers compatible with direct two-photon excitation, enabling simultaneous multiphoton fluorescence imaging of cell death since a concomitant subcellular TPA re-distribution occurs in apoptotic cells.
Using heterogeneity in the population structure of U.S. swine farms to compare transmission models for porcine epidemic diarrhoea
Authors: O’Dea Eamon B. , Snelson Harry , Bansal Shweta
Published: March 2016

In 2013, U.S. swine producers were confronted with the disruptive emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED). Movement of animals among farms is hypothesised to have played a role in the spread of PED among farms. Via this or other mechanisms, the rate of spread may also depend on the geographic density of farms and climate. To evaluate such effects on a large scale, we analyse state-level counts of outbreaks with variables describing the distribution of farm sizes and types, aggregate flows of animals among farms, and an index of climate. Our first main finding is that it is possible for a correlation analysis to be sensitive to transmission model parameters. This finding is based on a global sensitivity analysis of correlations on simulated data that included a biased and noisy observation model based on the available PED data. Our second main finding is that flows are significantly associated with the reports of PED outbreaks. This finding is based on correlations of pairwise relationships and regression modeling of total and weekly outbreak counts. These findings illustrate how variation in population structure may be employed along with observational data to improve understanding of disease spread.
Stable Nuclear Transformation System for the Coccolithophorid Alga Pleurochrysis carterae
Authors: Endo Hirotoshi , Yoshida Megumi , Uji Toshiki , Saga Naotsune , Inoue Koji , Nagasawa Hiromichi
Published: March 2016

Of the three dominant marine microalgal groups, dinoflagellates and diatoms can undergo genetic transformation; however, no transformation method has been established for haptophytes to date. Here, we report the first stable genetic transformation of a coccolithophore, Pleurochrysis carterae, by means of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfer of a bacterial hygromycin B-resistance gene. Together with the novel transient green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression system, this approach should facilitate further molecular-based research in this phylum.
Combination Therapy using Co-encapsulated Resveratrol and Paclitaxel in Liposomes for Drug Resistance Reversal in Breast Cancer Cells in vivo
Authors: Meng Jie , Guo Fangqin , Xu Haiyan , Liang Wei , Wang Chen , Yang Xian-Da
Published: March 2016

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to cancer treatment. A promising strategy for treating MDR is the joint delivery of combined anticancer agents to tumor cells in a single nanocarrier. Here, for the first time, Resveratrol (Res) was co-encapsulated with paclitaxel (PTX) in a PEGylated liposome to construct a carrier-delivered form of combination therapy for drug-resistant tumors. The composite liposome had an average diameter of 50 nm with encapsulated efficiencies of above 50%. The studies demonstrated that the composite liposome could generate potent cytotoxicity against the drug-resistant MCF-7/Adr tumor cells in vitro and enhance the bioavailability and the tumor-retention of the drugs in vivo. Moreover, systemic therapy with the composite liposome effectively inhibited drug-resistant tumor in mice (p < 0.01), without any notable increase in the toxicity. These results suggested that the co-delivery of Res and a cytotoxic agent in a nanocarrier may potentially improve the treatment of drug-resistant tumors.
Correction: Corrigendum: Active layers of high-performance lead zirconate titanate at temperatures compatible with silicon nano- and microelectronic devices
Authors: Bretos Iñigo , Jiménez Ricardo , Tomczyk Monika , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique , Vilarinho Paula M. , Calzada M. Lourdes
Published: March 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20143; published online: 03 February 2016; updated: 07 March 2016 The original version of this Article contained an error in the title of the paper, where the word “microelectronic” was incorrectly given as “microelecronic”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Tumour angiogenesis as a chemo-mechanical surface instability
Authors: Giverso Chiara , Ciarletta Pasquale
Published: March 2016

The hypoxic conditions within avascular solid tumours may trigger the secretion of chemical factors, which diffuse to the nearby vasculature and promote the formation of new vessels eventually joining the tumour. Mathematical models of this process, known as tumour angiogenesis, have mainly investigated the formation of the new capillary networks using reaction-diffusion equations. Since angiogenesis involves the growth dynamics of the endothelial cells sprouting, we propose in this work an alternative mechanistic approach, developing a surface growth model for studying capillary formation and network dynamics. The model takes into account the proliferation of endothelial cells on the pre-existing capillary surface, coupled with the bulk diffusion of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The thermo-dynamical consistency is imposed by means of interfacial and bulk balance laws. Finite element simulations show that both the morphology and the dynamics of the sprouting vessels are controlled by the bulk diffusion of VEGF and the chemo-mechanical and geometric properties at the capillary interface. Similarly to dendritic growth processes, we suggest that the emergence of tree-like vessel structures during tumour angiogenesis may result from the free boundary instability driven by competition between chemical and mechanical phenomena occurring at different length-scales.
Imaging of electric and magnetic fields near plasmonic nanowires
Authors: Kabakova I. V. , de Hoogh A. , van der Wel R. E. C. , Wulf M. , le Feber B. , Kuipers L.
Published: March 2016

Near-field imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the complex structure of light at the nanoscale. Recent advances in near-field imaging have indicated the possibility for the complete reconstruction of both electric and magnetic components of the evanescent field. Here we study the electro-magnetic field structure of surface plasmon polariton waves propagating along subwavelength gold nanowires by performing phase- and polarization-resolved near-field microscopy in collection mode. By applying the optical reciprocity theorem, we describe the signal collected by the probe as an overlap integral of the nanowire’s evanescent field and the probe’s response function. As a result, we find that the probe’s sensitivity to the magnetic field is approximately equal to its sensitivity to the electric field. Through rigorous modeling of the nanowire mode as well as the aperture probe response function, we obtain a good agreement between experimentally measured signals and a numerical model. Our findings provide a better understanding of aperture-based near-field imaging of the nanoscopic plasmonic and photonic structures and are helpful for the interpretation of future near-field experiments.
A covalent and cleavable antibody-DNA conjugation strategy for sensitive protein detection via immuno-PCR
Authors: van Buggenum Jessie A. G. L. , Gerlach Jan P. , Eising Selma , Schoonen Lise , van Eijl Roderick A. P. M. , Tanis Sabine E. J. , Hogeweg Mark , Hubner Nina C. , van Hest Jan C. , Bonger Kimberly M. , Mulder Klaas W.
Published: March 2016

Immuno-PCR combines specific antibody-based protein detection with the sensitivity of PCR-based quantification through the use of antibody-DNA conjugates. The production of such conjugates depends on the availability of quick and efficient conjugation strategies for the two biomolecules. Here, we present an approach to produce cleavable antibody-DNA conjugates, employing the fast kinetics of the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Our strategy consists of three steps. First, antibodies are functionalized with chemically cleavable NHS-s-s-tetrazine. Subsequently, double-stranded DNA is functionalized with TCO by enzymatic addition of N3-dATP and coupling to trans-Cyclooctene-PEG12-Dibenzocyclooctyne (TCO-PEG12-DBCO). Finally, conjugates are quickly and efficiently obtained by mixing the functionalized antibodies and dsDNA at low molar ratios of 1:2. In addition, introduction of a chemically cleavable disulphide linker facilitates release and sensitive detection of the dsDNA after immuno-staining. We show specific and sensitive protein detection in immuno-PCR for human epidermal stem cell markers, ITGA6 and ITGB1 and the differentiation marker Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1). We anticipate that the production of chemically cleavable antibody-DNA conjugates will provide a solid basis for the development of multiplexed immuno-PCR experiments and immuno-sequencing methodologies.
Absence of Exceptional Points in Square Waveguide Arrays with Apparently Balanced Gain and Loss
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiangli , Yao Y. , Xiao Jun-Jun
Published: March 2016

The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry in the field of optics has been intensively explored. This study shows the absence of exceptional points in a three-dimensional system composed of a square waveguide array with diagonally-balanced gain/loss distribution. More specifically, we show that an array of four coupled waveguides supports eight fundamental propagation supermodes, four of which are singlet and the other two pairs are double degenerated. It is found that the singlet states follow the routine PT phase transition; however, the double-degenerated modes never coalesce as the gain/loss-to-coupling strength level varies, showing no actual PT symmetry-derived behavior. This is evident in the phase rigidity which does not approach zero. The absence of exceptional points is ascribed to the coupling of non-symmetric supermodes formed in the diagonal waveguide pairs. Our results suggest comprehensive interplay between the mode pattern symmetry, the lattice symmetry and the PT-symmetry, which should be carefully considered in PT-phenomena design in waveguide arrays.
The identification of age-associated cancer markers by an integrative analysis of dynamic DNA methylation changes
Authors: Wang Yihan , Zhang Jingyu , Xiao Xingjun , Liu Hongbo , Wang Fang , Li Song , Wen Yanhua , Wei Yanjun , Su Jianzhong , Zhang Yunming , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2016

As one of the most widely studied epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation has an important influence on human traits and cancers. Dynamic variations in DNA methylation have been reported in malignant neoplasm and aging; however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. By constructing an age-associated and cancer-related weighted network (ACWN) based on the correlation of the methylation level and the protein-protein interaction, we found that DNA methylation changes associated with age were closely related to the occurrence of cancer. Additional analysis of 102 module genes mined from the ACWN revealed discrimination based on two main patterns. One pattern involved methylation levels that increased with aging and were higher in cancer patients compared with normal controls (HH pattern). The other pattern involved methylation levels that decreased with aging and were lower in cancer compared with normal (LL pattern). Upon incorporation with gene expression levels, 25 genes were filtered based on negative regulation by DNA methylation. These genes were regarded as potential cancer risk markers that were influenced by age in the process of carcinogenesis. Our results will facilitate further studies regarding the impact of the epigenetic effects of aging on diseases and will aid in the development of tailored cancer preventive strategies.
Seismic air gun exposure during early-stage embryonic development does not negatively affect spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii larvae (Decapoda:Palinuridae)
Authors: Day Ryan D. , McCauley Robert D. , Fitzgibbon Quinn P. , Semmens Jayson M.
Published: March 2016

Marine seismic surveys are used to explore for sub-seafloor oil and gas deposits. These surveys are conducted using air guns, which release compressed air to create intense sound impulses, which are repeated around every 8–12 seconds and can travel large distances in the water column. Considering the ubiquitous worldwide distribution of seismic surveys, the potential impact of exposure on marine invertebrates is poorly understood. In this study, egg-bearing female spiny lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) were exposed to signals from three air gun configurations, all of which exceeded sound exposure levels (SEL) of 185 dB re 1 μPa2·s. Lobsters were maintained until their eggs hatched and the larvae were then counted for fecundity, assessed for abnormal morphology using measurements of larval length and width, tested for larval competency using an established activity test and measured for energy content. Overall there were no differences in the quantity or quality of hatched larvae, indicating that the condition and development of spiny lobster embryos were not adversely affected by air gun exposure. These results suggest that embryonic spiny lobster are resilient to air gun signals and highlight the caution necessary in extrapolating results from the laboratory to real world scenarios or across life history stages.
One-Pot Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi4V2O11 as A New Solar Water Oxidation Photocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Zaiyong , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Mengmeng , Jing Tao , Huang Baibiao , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Xiaoyan , Dai Ying
Published: March 2016

Bi4V2O11 was prepared via a one-pot solvothermal method and characterized via XRD, Raman, XPS, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The as-prepared Bi4V2O11 sample displays excellent photocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution under light irradiation. The hierarchical structure is in favour of the spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Furthermore, the internal polar field also plays a role in improving the charge separation. Both of the two results are responsible for excellent activity of O2 evolution. The resulting hierarchical Bi4V2O11 sample should be very promising photocatalyst for the application of photocatalytic O2 evolution in the future.
Soluble amyloid beta oligomers block the learning-induced increase in hippocampal sharp wave-ripple rate and impair spatial memory formation
Authors: Nicole Olivier , Hadzibegovic Senka , Gajda Judyta , Bontempi Bruno , Bem Tiaza , Meyrand Pierre
Published: March 2016

Post-learning hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) generated during slow wave sleep are thought to play a crucial role in memory formation. While in Alzheimer’s disease, abnormal hippocampal oscillations have been reported, the functional contribution of SWRs to the typically observed spatial memory impairments remains unclear. These impairments have been related to degenerative synaptic changes produced by soluble amyloid beta oligomers (Aβos) which, surprisingly, seem to spare the SWR dynamics during routine behavior. To unravel a potential effect of Aβos on SWRs in cognitively-challenged animals, we submitted vehicle- and Aβo-injected mice to spatial recognition memory testing. While capable of forming short-term recognition memory, Aβ mice exhibited faster forgetting, suggesting successful encoding but an inability to adequately stabilize and/or retrieve previously acquired information. Without prior cognitive requirements, similar properties of SWRs were observed in both groups. In contrast, when cognitively challenged, the post-encoding and -recognition peaks in SWR occurrence observed in controls were abolished in Aβ mice, indicating impaired hippocampal processing of spatial information. These results point to a crucial involvement of SWRs in spatial memory formation and identify the Aβ-induced impairment in SWRs dynamics as a disruptive mechanism responsible for the spatial memory deficits associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
Intercalation-assisted longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes for green and scalable synthesis of graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Li Yan-Sheng , Liao Jia-Liang , Wang Shan-Yu , Chiang Wei-Hung
Published: March 2016

We have demonstrated an effective intercalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the green and scalable synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using an intercalation-assisted longitudinal unzipping of MWCNTs. The key step is to introduce an intercalation treatment of raw MWCNTs with KNO3 and H2SO4, making it promising to decrease the strong van der Waals attractions in the MWCNTs bundles and between the coaxial graphene walls of CNTs. Systematic micro Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations suggest that potassium, nitrate and sulfate ions play an important role in the CNT intertube and intratube intercalations during the pretreatment. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, XRD and micro Raman characterizations indicate that the developed methodology possesses the ability to synthesis GNRs effectively with an improved CNT concentration in H2SO4 of 10 mg/ml at 70 °C, which is amenable to industrial-scale production because of the decreased amount of strong acid. Our work provides a scientific understanding how to enhance the GNR formation by accelerating the CNT longitudinal unzipping via suitable molecular intercalation.
Targeting and Imaging of Cancer Cells via Monosaccharide-Imprinted Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Shuangshou , Yin Danyang , Wang Wenjing , Shen Xiaojing , Zhu Jun-Jie , Chen Hong-Yuan , Liu Zhen
Published: March 2016

The recognition of cancer cells is a key for cancer diagnosis and therapy, but the specificity highly relies on the use of biorecognition molecules particularly antibodies. Because biorecognition molecules suffer from some apparent disadvantages, such as hard to prepare and poor storage stability, novel alternatives that can overcome these disadvantages are highly important. Here we present monosaccharide-imprinted fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for targeting and imaging of cancer cells. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) probe was fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) doped silica NPs with a shell imprinted with sialic acid, fucose or mannose as the template. The monosaccharide-imprinted NPs exhibited high specificity toward the target monosaccharides. As the template monosaccharides used are over-expressed on cancer cells, these monosaccharide-imprinted NPs allowed for specific targeting cancer cells over normal cells. Fluorescence imaging of human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG-2) over normal hepatic cells (L-02) and mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) over normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) by these NPs was demonstrated. As the imprinting approach employed herein is generally applicable and highly efficient, monosaccharide-imprinted NPs can be promising probes for targeting cancer cells.
Transport in serial spinful multiple-dot systems: The role of electron-electron interactions and coherences
Authors: Goldozian Bahareh , Damtie Fikeraddis A. , Kiršanskas Gediminas , Wacker Andreas
Published: March 2016

Quantum dots are nanoscopic systems, where carriers are confined in all three spatial directions. Such nanoscopic systems are suitable for fundamental studies of quantum mechanics and are candidates for applications such as quantum information processing. It was also proposed that linear arrangements of quantum dots could be used as quantum cascade laser. In this work we study the impact of electron-electron interactions on transport in a spinful serial triple quantum dot system weakly coupled to two leads. We find that due to electron-electron scattering processes the transport is enabled beyond the common single-particle transmission channels. This shows that the scenario in the serial quantum dots intrinsically deviates from layered structures such as quantum cascade lasers, where the presence of well-defined single-particle resonances between neighboring levels are crucial for device operation. Additionally, we check the validity of the Pauli master equation by comparing it with the first-order von Neumann approach. Here we demonstrate that coherences are of relevance if the energy spacing of the eigenstates is smaller than the lead transition rate multiplied by ħ.
Mechanisms involved in xyloglucan catabolism by the cellulosome-producing bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum
Authors: Ravachol Julie , de Philip Pascale , Borne Romain , Mansuelle Pascal , Maté María J. , Perret Stéphanie , Fierobe Henri-Pierre
Published: March 2016

Xyloglucan, a ubiquitous highly branched plant polysaccharide, was found to be rapidly degraded and metabolized by the cellulosome-producing bacteriumRuminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Our study shows that at least four cellulosomal enzymes displaying either endo- or exoxyloglucanase activities, achieve the extracellular degradation of xyloglucan into 4-glucosyl backbone xyloglucan oligosaccharides. The released oligosaccharides (composed of up to 9 monosaccharides) are subsequently imported by a highly specific ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC-transporter), the expression of the corresponding genes being strongly induced by xyloglucan. This polysaccharide also triggers the synthesis of cytoplasmic β-galactosidase, α-xylosidase, and β-glucosidase that act sequentially to convert the imported oligosaccharides into galactose, xylose, glucose and unexpectedly cellobiose. ThusR. cellulolyticumhas developed an energy-saving strategy to metabolize this hemicellulosic polysaccharide that relies on the action of the extracellular cellulosomes, a highly specialized ABC-transporter, and cytoplasmic enzymes acting in a specific order. This strategy appears to be widespread among cellulosome-producing mesophilic bacteria which display highly similar gene clusters encoding the cytosolic enzymes and the ABC-transporter.
Influence of aging on the quantity and quality of human cardiac stem cells
Authors: Nakamura Tamami , Hosoyama Tohru , Kawamura Daichi , Takeuchi Yuriko , Tanaka Yuya , Samura Makoto , Ueno Koji , Nishimoto Arata , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Ito Hiroshi , Sakata Kensuke , Mikamo Akihito , Li Tao-Sheng , Hamano Kimikazu
Published: March 2016

Advanced age affects various tissue-specific stem cells and decreases their regenerative ability. We therefore examined whether aging affected the quantity and quality of cardiac stem cells using cells obtained from 26 patients of various ages (from 2 to 83 years old). We collected fresh right atria and cultured cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), which are a type of cardiac stem cell. Then we investigated growth rate, senescence, DNA damage and the growth factor production of CDCs. All samples yielded a sufficient number of CDCs for experiments and the cellular growth rate was not obviously associated with age. The expression of senescence-associated b-galactosidase and the DNA damage marker, gH2AX, showed a slightly higher trend in CDCs from older patients (≥65 years). The expression of VEGF, HGF, IGF-1, SDF-1, and TGF-b varied among samples and the expression of these beneficial factors did not decrease with age. An in vitro angiogenesis assay also showed that the angiogenic potency of CDCs was not impaired, even in those from older patients. Our data suggest that the impact of age on the quantity and quality of CDCs is quite limited. These findings have important clinical implications for autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients.
Fabrication of BiOBrxI1−x photocatalysts with tunable visible light catalytic activity by modulating band structures
Authors: Zhang Xing , Wang Chu-Ya , Wang Li-Wei , Huang Gui-Xiang , Wang Wei-Kang , Yu Han-Qing
Published: March 2016

A series of BiOBrxI1−x solid solutions were explored as novel visible light-sensitive photocatalysts. These BiOBrxI1−x solid-solution photocatalysts grew into two-dimensional nanoplates with exposed (001) facets and possessed continuously modulated band gaps from 2.87 to 1.89 eV by decreasing the Br/I ratio. The photocatalytic activities of these samples were measured and the samples exhibited visible light-driven activities for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). In particular, BiOBr0.8I0.2 exhibited the highest activity for the degradation of RhB. This result could be attributed to the balance between the effective light absorption and adequate redox potential. Additionally, investigations into the photocatalytic mechanism showed that the photodegradation of RhB over BiOBr0.8I0.2 solid-solution photocatalysts involved direct holes oxidation, in which the reaction that dominated during photocatalysis was determined by the potential of the valence band. Furthermore, a high stability in the photocatalytic activity of BiOBr0.8I0.2 was demonstrated by the cycling photocatalytic experiment and long-term irradiation, which might offer opportunities for its practical application as a catalyst.
An integrative approach to investigate the respective roles of single-nucleotide variants and copy-number variants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: de Araújo Lima Leandro , Feio-dos-Santos Ana Cecília , Belangero Sintia Iole , Gadelha Ary , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Pan Pedro Mario , Moriyama Tais Silveira , Graeff-Martins Ana Soledade , Tamanaha Ana Carina , Alvarenga Pedro , Krieger Fernanda Valle , Fleitlich-Bilyk Bacy , Jackowski Andrea Parolin , Brietzke Elisa , Sato João Ricardo , Polanczyk Guilherme Vanoni , Mari Jair de Jesus , Manfro Gisele Gus , do Rosário Maria Conceição , Miguel Eurípedes Constantino , Puga Renato David , Tahira Ana Carolina , Souza Viviane Neri , Chile Thais , Gouveia Gisele Rodrigues , Simões Sérgio Nery , Chang Xiao , Pellegrino Renata , Tian Lifeng , Glessner Joseph T. , Hashimoto Ronaldo Fumio , Rohde Luis Augusto , Sleiman Patrick M.A. , Hakonarson Hakon , Brentani Helena
Published: March 2016

Many studies have attempted to investigate the genetic susceptibility of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but without much success. The present study aimed to analyze both single-nucleotide and copy-number variants contributing to the genetic architecture of ADHD. We generated exome data from 30 Brazilian trios with sporadic ADHD. We also analyzed a Brazilian sample of 503 children/adolescent controls from a High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders, and also previously published results of five CNV studies and one GWAS meta-analysis of ADHD involving children/adolescents. The results from the Brazilian trios showed that cases withde novoSNVs tend not to havede novoCNVs and vice-versa. Although the sample size is small, we could also see that various comorbidities are more frequent in cases with only inherited variants. Moreover, using only genes expressed in brain, we constructed two “in silico” protein-protein interaction networks, one with genes from any analysis, and other with genes with hits in two analyses. Topological and functional analyses of genes in this network uncovered genes related to synapse, cell adhesion, glutamatergic and serotoninergic pathways, both confirming findings of previous studies and capturing new genes and genetic variants in these pathways.
SmMYC2a and SmMYC2b played similar but irreplaceable roles in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Zhou Yangyun , Sun Wei , Chen Junfeng , Tan Hexin , Xiao Ying , Li Qing , Ji Qian , Gao Shouhong , Chen Li , Chen Shilin , Zhang Lei , Chen Wansheng
Published: March 2016

Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge, which contains tanshinones and phenolic acids as major classes of bioactive components, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Production of tanshinones and phenolic acids is enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Transcription factor MYC2 is the switch of jasmontes signaling in plants. Here, we focused on two novel JA-inducible genes inS. miltiorrhiza, designated asSmMYC2aandSmMYC2b, which were localized in the nucleus.SmMYC2a andSmMYC2b were also discovered to interact withSmJAZ1 andSmJAZ2, implying that the two MYC2s might function as direct targets of JAZ proteins. Ectopic RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown experiments suggested thatSmMYC2a/b affected multiple genes in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Besides, the accumulation of tanshinones and phenolic acids was impaired by the loss of function inSmMYC2a/b. Meanwhile,SmMYC2a could bind with an E-box motif withinSmHCT6andSmCYP98A14promoters, whileSmMYC2b bound with an E-box motif withinSmCYP98A14promoter, through which the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway might achieve. Together, these results suggest thatSmMYC2a andSmMYC2b are JAZ-interacting transcription factors that positively regulate the biosynthesis of tanshinones and Sal B with similar but irreplaceable effects.
Whole genome sequencing identifies a novel species of the genus Capnocytophaga isolated from dog and cat bite wounds in humans
Authors: Zangenah Salah , Abbasi Nasir , Andersson Anders F. , Bergman Peter
Published: March 2016

C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi are dog and cat commensals which can be transmitted to humans via bites or scratches and can cause sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis and eye- or wound infections. Recently an additional Capnocytophaga species was identified as part of the oral flora of healthy dogs and was given the name “C. canis”. We previously identified a Capnocytophaga isolate that could not be typed with available diagnostic tests including MALDI-TOF, 16S rRNA sequencing or species-specific PCR. This strain and 21 other Capnocytophaga spp isolated in Sweden from clinical blood- or wound-cultures were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the Illumina platform. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the previously non-typable isolate belongs to the putative new species “C. canis”. Since this strain was isolated from a wound it also shows that members of “C. canis” have the potential to be pathogenic. In addition, our phylogenetic analysis uncovered an additional species of Capnocytophaga, which can be transmitted from dogs and cats to humans, suggesting a speciation within the Capnocytophaga family that has not been observed before. We propose the name of “C. stomatis” for this putative novel species.
Large variations in ocular dimensions in a multiethnic population with similar genetic background
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , Li Jun , Zhong Hua , Yuan Zhonghua , Zhou Hua , Zhang Yang , Yuan Yuansheng , Chen Qin , Pan Chen-Wei
Published: March 2016

We aimed to describe the ethnic variations in ocular dimensions among three ethnic groups with similar genetic ancestry from mainland of China. We included 2119 ethnic Bai, 2202 ethnic Yi and 2183 ethnic Han adults aged 50 years or older in the study. Ocular dimensions including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and lens thickness (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasonography. Bai Chinese had longer ALs (P < 0.001), deeper ACDs (P < 0.001) but shallower VCDs (P < 0.001) compared with the other two ethnic groups. There were no ethnic variations in LTs. Diabetes was associated with shallower ACDs and this association was stronger in Bai Chinese compared with Yi or Han Chinese (P for interaction = 0.02). Thicker lenses were associated with younger age (P = 0.04), male gender (P < 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.01), alcohol intake (P = 0.03), the presence of cataract (P < 0.001) and the presence of diabetes (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in ocular dimensions among different ethnic groups with small differences in genetics but large variations in cultures and lifestyles.
Imidazolium-tagged glycan probes for non-covalent labeling of live cells
Authors: Benito-Alifonso David , Tremell Shirley , Sadler Joanna C. , Berry Monica , Galan M. Carmen
Published: March 2016

The use imidazolium tagged-mannosamine derivative for the non-covalent, rapid and site-specific labeling of sialic acid containing glycoproteins using commercialN-nitrilotriacetate fluorescent reagents in a range of live cells is reported.
X-ray absorption study of ceria nanorods promoting the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wu Tai-Sing , Zhou Yunyun , Sabirianov Renat F. , Mei Wai-Ning , Soo Yun-Liang , Cheung Chin Li
Published: March 2016

A quasi in situ X-ray absorption study demonstrated that the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promoted by ceria nanorods was associated with a reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ reaction and structural transformations in ceria.
Combined experimental and density functional theory studies of an organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite
Authors: Kassou S. , El-Mrabet R. , Kaiba A. , Guionneau P. , Belaaraj A.
Published: March 2016

The 3D-gap density of PEA-ZnCl4.
Director orientations in lyotropic liquid crystals: diffusion MRI mapping of the Saupe order tensor
Authors: Topgaard Daniel
Published: March 2016

MRI with axisymmetric diffusion encoding enables spatially resolved quantification of domain orientations in surfactant-water liquid crystals with and without macroscopic orientational order.
Understanding the STM images of epitaxial graphene on a reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface: the role of tip-induced mechanical distortion of graphene
Authors: Morán-Meza José A. , Cousty Jacques , Lubin Christophe , Thoyer François
Published: March 2016

Maxima in the STM images of epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC(0001) (cyan) differ from topographic bumps in AFM images (green) by a separation distance of 1 nm, which is a result of two effects: the tip-induced distortion of EG and the asymmetric profile of the LDOS of the buffer layer.
Decomposition of the fluoroethylene carbonate additive and the glue effect of lithium fluoride products for the solid electrolyte interphase: an ab initio study
Authors: Okuno Yukihiro , Ushirogata Keisuke , Sodeyama Keitaro , Tateyama Yoshitaka
Published: March 2016

Additives in the electrolyte solution of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a large impact on the performance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on the anode and is a key to the stability and durability of LIBs.
Bifunctional alloys for the electroreduction of CO2and CO
Authors: Hansen H. A. , Shi C. , Lausche A. C. , Peterson A. A. , Nørskov J. K.
Published: March 2016

We use density functional theory to study the reduction of CO2and CO to hydrocarbons through a formyl pathway on (111) and (211) facets of L12alloys with an A3B composition.
Probiotics in early life: a preventative and treatment approach
Authors: Hashemi Ashkan , Villa Christopher R. , Comelli Elena M.
Published: March 2016

Microbial colonization of the infant gut plays a key role in immunological and metabolic pathways impacting human health.
Tri- and tetranuclear RuII–GdIII2 and RuII–GdIII3 d–f heterometallic complexes as potential bimodal imaging probes for MRI and optical imaging
Authors: Nithyakumar A. , Alexander V.
Published: March 2016

Tri- and tetranuclear RuII–GdII2 and RuII–GdIII3 d–f heterometallic complexes, which function as contrast agents for MRI and as optical probes for fluorescence imaging, are reported. In vitro studies using the HeLa cell lines show that these complexes exhibit anticancer activity.
Virosome engineering of colloidal particles and surfaces: bioinspired fusion to supported lipid layers
Authors: Fleddermann J. , Diamanti E. , Azinas S. , Košutić M. , Dähne L. , Estrela-Lopis I. , Amacker M. , Donath E. , Moya S. E.
Published: March 2016

Inmunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs), liposomes with functional viral envelop glycoproteins, fuse on supported lipid bilayers with a pH dependent mechanism, in analogy to the virus fusion on cell membranes.
Gold(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of aroylbenzo[b]oxepin-3-ones from ortho-O-propargyl-1-one substituted arylaldehydes
Authors: Mangina N. S. V. M. Rao , Suresh Surisetti , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V.
Published: March 2016

An efficient gold-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of ortho-O-propargyl-1-one substituted arylaldehydes has been achieved for the generation of substituted aroylbenzo[b]oxepin-3-one derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Molecularly-defined macrocycles containing azobenzene main-chain oligomers: modular stepwise synthesis, chain-length and topology-dependent properties
Authors: Jiang Xi , Lu Jinjie , Zhou Feng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhang Wei , Wang Yong , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Xiulin
Published: March 2016

Molecularly-defined cyclic azobenzene oligomers were prepared and chain-length and topology-dependent on photoresponsive properties were investigated.
Mechanistic study of pressure and temperature dependent structural changes in reactive formation of silicon carbonate
Authors: Qu Bingyan , Li Dongdong , Wang Lei , Wu Jili , Zhou Rulong , Zhang Bo , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: March 2016

The structure changes of silicon carbonate with pressure and temperature are explored based on systematic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
Effects of interfacial chemical states on the performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ma Teng , Tadaki Daisuke , Sakuraba Masao , Sato Shigeo , Hirano-Iwata Ayumi , Niwano Michio
Published: March 2016

The widely used solvent for perovskite materials, dimethylformamide (DMF), is readily adsorbed on the TiO2 surface and hinders charge transfer at the interface.
A methane-fueled SOFC based on a thin BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ electrolyte film and a LaNi0.6Co0.4O3 anode functional layer
Authors: Konwar Dimpul , Yoon Hyon Hee
Published: March 2016

A methane-fueled solid oxide fuel cell with high performance was prepared using a thin BZCYYb electrolyte film and a LaNi0.6Co0.4O3 anode functional layer.
A microporous silk carbon–ionic liquid composite for the electrochemical sensing of dopamine
Authors: Wang Min , Bai Lu , Zhang Lingling , Sun Guangping , Zhang Xiaowei , Dong Shaojun
Published: March 2016

A metal-free silk carbon–ionic liquid composite, synthesized from natural silk cocoons, was prepared for electrochemical determination of dopamine.
Fabrication of Janus droplets by evaporation driven liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Zhang Qingquan , Xu Meng , Liu Xiaojun , Zhao Wenfeng , Zong Chenghua , Yu Yang , Wang Qi , Gai Hongwei
Published: March 2016

Janus droplets with complex compositions and morphologies were fabricated by co-solvent evaporation driven liquid–liquid phase separation.
Synthesis of 2-fluoro-2-pyrrolines via tandem reaction of α-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with N-tosylated 2-aminomalonates
Authors: Yang Jieru , Zhou Xiaofan , Zeng Yu , Huang Chaoqian , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: March 2016

A simple base-mediated synthesis of synthetically valuable 2-fluoro-2-pyrrolines from α-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and N-tosylated 2-aminomalonates was developed.
An acido- and photochromic molecular device that mimics triode action
Authors: Remón P. , Li S. M. , Grøtli M. , Pischel U. , Andréasson J.
Published: March 2016

A molecular triode that is operated by pH and light can be implemented with spiropyrans.
Na2M2(SO4)3(M = Fe, Mn, Co and Ni): towards high-voltage sodium battery applications
Authors: Araujo Rafael B. , Chakraborty Sudip , Barpanda Prabeer , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: March 2016

We have employed density functional theory to systematically investigate the crystal structure evolution, density of states and charge transfer with sodium ions insertion, and the corresponding average redox potential, for Na2M2(SO4)3(M = Fe, Mn, Co and Ni).
Influence of alkoxy chain envelopes on the interfacial photoinduced processes in tetraarylporphyrin-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Magnano G. , Marinotto D. , Cipolla M. P. , Trifiletti V. , Listorti A. , Mussini P. R. , Di Carlo G. , Tessore F. , Manca M. , Orbelli Biroli A. , Pizzotti M.
Published: March 2016

We have investigated the effect of the alkoxy chain length and nature on the reduction of dye-to-dye aggregation as well as on the enhancement of light harvesting capabilities.
Theoretical studies on the bonding and electron structures of a [Au3Sb6]3− complex and its oligomers
Authors: Li Wan-Lu , Xu Cong-Qiao , Hu Shu-Xian , Li Jun
Published: March 2016

Theoretical studies of an all-metal [Sb3Au3Sb3]3− sandwich complex and its congeners [X3M3X3]3− (M = Cu, Ag, Au, Rg; X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup) as well as [Sb3(Au3Sb3)n]3− (n = 1–4) oligomers indicate the possible existence of other [ApMpAp]x− sandwich compounds and oligomers.
Micro-ratcheted surfaces for a heat engine biomass conveyor
Authors: Krumm Christoph , Maduskar Saurabh , Paulsen Alex D. , Anderson Anthony D. , Barberio Nicholas L. , Damen Jonathan N. , Beach Connor A. , Kumar Satish , Dauenhauer Paul J.
Published: March 2016

Biomass particles spontaneously self-propel in the direction of asymmetric ratchets above the reactive Leidenfrost temperature.
Nanoparticle puzzles and research opportunities that go beyond state of the art
Authors: Jee Ah-Young , Lou Kai , Jang Hyun-Sook , Nagamanasa K. Hima , Granick Steve
Published: March 2016

We present an overview of current progress and research challenges in the field of nanoparticle assembly, touching on the following topics: (1) historical perspective; (2) consideration of what is a nanoparticle; (3) contrast between nanoparticle self-assembly and top-down construction; (4) opportunities for nanoparticles with more intelligent sub-structures; (5) opportunities for nanoparticle systems cued to interact subtly in space and time. In this personal and subjective account, certain holy grails for nanoparticle science and technology are identified.
Metal-free cascade oxidative decarbonylative alkylarylation of acrylamides with aliphatic aldehydes: a convenient approach to oxindoles via dual C(sp2)–H bond functionalization
Authors: Yang Luo , Lu Wen , Zhou Wang , Zhang Feng
Published: March 2016

A convenient metal-free cascade oxidative decarbonylative alkylarylation of acrylamides with aliphatic aldehydes to provide quaternary oxindoles is developed.