bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Study of Bearing Damage of a CF-LMPAEK Thermoplastic Composite
Authors: Zaragkas Thomas , Psarras Spyridon , Sotiriadis George , Kostopoulos Vassilis
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on investigating the behavior of a thermoplastic matrix composite (Carbon Fiber-LMPAEK) under a bearing strength determination test. The specimens were subjected to a double-shear-bolted joint configuration tensile test, and the propagation of damage was monitored using extensometers. The research employs a technique that involves inelastic modelling and considers discrepancies in layer interfaces to better understand bearing damage propagation. In this context, cohesive modelling was utilized in all composite layers, and the Hashin damage propagation law was applied. The double-shear-bolted joint configuration chosen for the test revealed critical insights into the bearing strength determination of the Carbon Fiber-LMPAEK thermoplastic matrix composite. This comprehensive approach, combining inelastic modelling and considerations for layer interfaces, provided a nuanced understanding of the material’s response to bearing forces. The results of the study demonstrated that all specimens exhibited the desired type of bearing failure, characterized by severe delamination around the hole. Interestingly, the thermoplastic matrix composite showcased enhanced bearing properties compared to traditional thermoset materials. This observation underscores the potential advantages of thermoplastic composites in applications requiring robust bearing strength. One noteworthy aspect highlighted by the study is the inadequacy of current aerospace standards in prescribing the accumulation of bearing damage in thermoplastic composites. The research underscores the need for a more strategic modelling approach, particularly in cohesive modelling, to accurately capture the behavior of thermoplastic matrix composites under bearing forces. In summary, this investigation not only provides valuable insights into the bearing strength of Carbon Fiber-LMPAEK thermoplastic matrix composites, but also emphasizes the necessity for refining aerospace standards to address the specific characteristics and failure modes of these advanced materials.
Features Split and Aggregation Network for Camouflaged Object Detection
Authors: Zhang Zejin , Wang Tao , Wang Jian , Sun Yao
Published: January 2024

Higher standards have been proposed for detection systems since camouflaged objects are not distinct enough, making it possible to ignore the difference between their background and foreground. In this paper, we present a new framework for Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) named FSANet, which consists mainly of three operations: spatial detail mining (SDM), cross-scale feature combination (CFC), and hierarchical feature aggregation decoder (HFAD). The framework simulates the three-stage detection process of the human visual mechanism when observing a camouflaged scene. Specifically, we have extracted five feature layers using the backbone and divided them into two parts with the second layer as the boundary. The SDM module simulates the human cursory inspection of the camouflaged objects to gather spatial details (such as edge, texture, etc.) and fuses the features to create a cursory impression. The CFC module is used to observe high-level features from various viewing angles and extracts the same features by thoroughly filtering features of various levels. We also design side-join multiplication in the CFC module to avoid detail distortion and use feature element-wise multiplication to filter out noise. Finally, we construct an HFAD module to deeply mine effective features from these two stages, direct the fusion of low-level features using high-level semantic knowledge, and improve the camouflage map using hierarchical cascade technology. Compared to the nineteen deep-learning-based methods in terms of seven widely used metrics, our proposed framework has clear advantages on four public COD datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of our model.
A Proactive-Reactive-Based Approach for Continuous Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problems with Hybrid Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Zhu , Cheng Junfeng , Hu Hongtao
Published: January 2024

Port operations have been suffering from hybrid uncertainty, leading to various disruptions in efficiency and tenacity. However, these essential uncertain factors are often considered separately in literature during berth and quay crane assignments, leading to defective, even infeasible schedules. This paper addressed the integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem (BACAP) with stochastic vessel delays under different conditions. A novel approach that combines both proactive and reactive strategies is proposed. First, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated for BACAP with quay crane maintenance activities under the ideal state of no delay. Then, for minor delays, buffer time is added to absorb the uncertainty of the arrival time of vessels. Thus, a robust optimization model for minimizing the total service time of vessels and maximizing the buffer time is developed. Considering that the schedule is infeasible when a vessel is seriously delayed, a reactive model is built to minimize adjustment costs. According to the characteristics of the problem, this article combined local search with the genetic algorithm and proposed an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Numerical experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with CPLEX and Squeaky Wheel Optimization (SWO) in different delay conditions and problem scales. An in-depth analysis presents some management insights on the coefficient setting, uncertainty, and buffer time.
Assessment of Quality and Readability of Information Provided by ChatGPT in Relation to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Fahy Stephen , Oehme Stephan , Milinkovic Danko , Jung Tobias , Bartek Benjamin
Published: January 2024

The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential role of Artificial Intelligence tools like ChatGPT in patient education. To do this, we assessed both the quality and readability of information provided by ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 in relation to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury and treatment. ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 were used to answer common patient queries relating to ACL injuries and treatment. The quality of the information was assessed using the DISCERN criteria. Readability was assessed with the use of seven readability formulae: the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Grade Level, the Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Raygor Estimate, the SMOG, the Fry, the FORCAST, and the Gunning Fog. The mean reading grade level (RGL) was compared with the recommended 8th-grade reading level, the mean RGL among adults in America. The perceived quality and mean RGL of answers given by both ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 was also compared. Both ChatGPT 3.5 and 4 yielded DISCERN scores suggesting “good” quality of information, with ChatGPT 4 slightly outperforming 3.5. However, readability levels for both versions significantly exceeded the average 8th-grade reading level for American patients. ChatGPT 3.5 had a mean RGL of 18.08, while the mean RGL of ChatGPT 4 was 17.9, exceeding the average American reading grade level by 10.08 grade levels and 9.09 grade levels, respectively. While ChatGPT can provide both reliable and good quality information on ACL injuries and treatment options, the readability of the content may limit its utility. Additionally, the consistent lack of source citation represents a significant area of concern for patients and clinicians alike. If AI is to play a role in patient education, it must reliably produce information which is accurate, easily comprehensible, and clearly sourced.
On Maximizing the Probability of Achieving Deadlines in Communication Networks
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Oberli Christian , Meuser Tobias , Steinmetz Ralf
Published: January 2024

We consider the problem of meeting deadline constraints in wireless communication networks. Fulfilling deadlines depends heavily on the routing algorithm used. We study this dependence generically for a broad class of routing algorithms. For analyzing the impact of routing decisions on deadline fulfillment, we adopt a stochastic model from operations research to capture the source-to-destination delay distribution and the corresponding probability of successfully delivering data before a given deadline. Based on this model, we propose a decentralized algorithm that operates locally at each node and exchanges information solely with direct neighbors in order to determine the probabilities of achieving deadlines. A modified version of the algorithm also improves routing tables iteratively to progressively increase the deadline achievement probabilities. This modified algorithm is shown to deliver routing tables that maximize the deadline achievement probabilities for all nodes in a given network. We tested the approach by simulation and compared it with routing strategies based on established metrics, specifically the average delay, minimum hop count, and expected transmission count. Our evaluations encompass different channel quality and small-scale fading conditions, as well as various traffic load scenarios. Notably, our solution consistently outperforms the other approaches in all tested scenarios.
Research on the Coupling Co-ordination between Quality of County-Level New Urbanization and Ecosystem Service Value in Shaanxi Province
Authors: Ni Qingsong , Ma Xue , Duan Ruiming , Liang Yan , Cui Peng
Published: January 2024

Rapid urbanization has significantly impacted the structure of ecosystem services, accelerating the pressure on natural resources and ecological space. The clarification of the interdependent relationship between new-type urbanization (NTU) and ecosystem services (ESs) has contributed to ecological conservation and high-quality co-ordinated development, in contrast to traditional urbanization. This study focuses on the counties in Shaanxi Province as the research subjects, develops a new urbanization evaluation model for county-level areas, and utilizes Section data at the county level in Shaanxi Province for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. (To analyze land cover change, we selected four data periods: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, to capture significant spatial trends.) This study employed the comparative analysis method and the Coupled Co-ordination Model (CCDM) to assess the correlation between traditional urbanization and the value of ecosystem services, as well as between new urbanization and the value of ecosystem services. Additionally, the study utilizes the ArcGIS platform to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two types of urbanization evolution and the spatiotemporal relationship between urbanization and ecosystem co-ordination. The study findings suggest the following: (1) a “low-level coordination” coupling relationship exists between traditional and new urbanization in county-level areas of Shaanxi Province and the value of ecosystem services. (2) The coupling co-ordination of traditional and new urbanization with the value of ecosystem services shows a spread of low-value areas in space, leading to a pattern of low disorder assimilation and significant spatial aggregation. (3) From 2000 to 2020, traditional and new urbanization in various counties of Shaanxi Province consistently exhibited a steady increase, with spatial patterns of “Guanzhong region > Northern Shaanxi region > Southern Shaanxi region”. Both types of urbanization have displayed a “low-level coupling” with ecosystem services. (4) During the same period, the new urbanization index in different counties of Shaanxi Province showed a steady increase, demonstrating an advantage of Guanzhong. Its impact on the ecosystem was significantly weaker than that of traditional urbanization. (5) The development of new urbanization can be more effectively co-ordinated with ecosystem services compared to traditional urbanization. However, currently, its co-ordination with the ecosystem service system is relatively poor. The study’s results suggest that enhancing new urbanization from multiple dimensions is beneficial for promoting the integrated coherence between urbanization development and ecosystem service systems.
Connectome-Based Neurosurgery in Primary Intra-Axial Neoplasms: Beyond the Traditional Modular Conception of Brain Architecture for the Preservation of Major Neurological Domains and Higher-Order Cognitive Functions
Authors: Magnani Marcello , Rustici Arianna , Zoli Matteo , Tuleasca Constantin , Chaurasia Bipin , Franceschi Enrico , Tonon Caterina , Lodi Raffaele , Conti Alfredo
Published: January 2024

Despite the therapeutical advancements in the surgical treatment of primary intra-axial neoplasms, which determined both a significative improvement in OS and QoL and a reduction in the incidence of surgery-induced major neurological deficits, nowadays patients continue to manifest subtle post-operative neurocognitive impairments, preventing them from a full reintegration back into social life and into the workforce. The birth of connectomics paved the way for a profound reappraisal of the traditional conception of brain architecture, in favour of a model based on large-scale structural and functional interactions of a complex mosaic of cortical areas organized in a fluid network interconnected by subcortical bundles. Thanks to these advancements, neurosurgery is facing a new era of connectome-based resections, in which the core principle is still represented by the achievement of an ideal onco-functional balance, but with a closer eye on whole-brain circuitry, which constitutes the foundations of both major neurological functions, to be intended as motricity; language and visuospatial function; and higher-order cognitive functions such as cognition, conation, emotion and adaptive behaviour. Indeed, the achievement of an ideal balance between the radicality of tumoral resection and the preservation, as far as possible, of the integrity of local and global brain networks stands as a mandatory goal to be fulfilled to allow patients to resume their previous life and to make neurosurgery tailored and gentler to their individual needs.
A Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed the Diversity of the MYB Transcription Factor Family’s Evolution and Drought Resistance Pathways
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ma Jie , Liu Ying , Fang Jing , Wei Shuli , Xie Rui , Han Pingan , Zhao Xiaoqing , Bo Suling , Lu Zhanyuan
Published: January 2024

The MYB transcription factor family can regulate biological processes such as ABA signal transduction to cope with drought stress, but its evolutionary mechanism and the diverse pathways of response to drought stress in different species are rarely reported. In this study, a total of 4791 MYB family members were identified in 908,757 amino acid sequences from 12 model plants or crops using bioinformatics methods. It was observed that the number of MYB family members had a linear relationship with the chromosome ploidy of species. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the MYB family members evolved in subfamily clusters. In response to drought stress, the pathways of MYB transcription factor families exhibited species-specific diversity, with closely related species demonstrating a higher resemblance. This study provides abundant references for drought resistance research and the breeding of wheat, soybean, and other plants.
Effect of Hatch Spacing on the Quality of Inconel 718 Alloy Part
Authors: Mao Yuyi , Gao Yintao , Hu Juan , Shen Xiaodong , Zhou Hao
Published: January 2024

Selective laser melting (SLM) has attracted increasing attention all over the world. As an important parameter, hatch spacing, which is the distance between scan lines, however, still needs a more systematic study. In this paper, the relationship between hatch spacing and mechanical properties, including microhardness, wear resistance, and porous density, was studied. The testing results revealed that when hatch spacing decreased, the overlapping rate increased which resulted in an increase in the convection in the molten pool. It led to the formation of pores in the molten pool. However, when hatch spacing was too large, the overlapping zone decreased, while the strength between each welding line was not strong enough. It caused a decrease in the quality of printed parts. Combined with the testing results gained in this work, it can be seen that a 0.06 mm hatch spacing was considered as a relatively optimal condition for part formation under 0.05 μm. Comparison of the morphology of the samples printed under different hatch spacing also confirmed the phenomenon observed here.
Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Human Applications
Authors: Trucillo Paolo
Published: January 2024

Biomaterials embody a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of drug delivery and human applications. Their versatility and adaptability have not only enriched therapeutic outcomes but also significantly reduced the burden of adverse effects. This work serves as a comprehensive overview of biomaterials, with a particular emphasis on their pivotal role in drug delivery, classifying them in terms of their biobased, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature, and highlighting their characteristics and advantages. The examination also delves into the extensive array of applications for biomaterials in drug delivery, encompassing diverse medical fields such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and vaccination. This work also explores the actual challenges within this domain, including potential toxicity and the complexity of manufacturing processes. These challenges emphasize the necessity for thorough research and the continuous development of regulatory frameworks. The second aim of this review is to navigate through the compelling terrain of recent advances and prospects in biomaterials, envisioning a healthcare landscape where they empower precise, targeted, and personalized drug delivery. The potential for biomaterials to transform healthcare is staggering, as they promise treatments tailored to individual patient needs, offering hope for improved therapeutic efficacy, fewer side effects, and a brighter future for medical practice.
Warping Torsion in Sandwich Panels: Analyzing the Structural Behavior through Experimental and Numerical Studies
Authors: Pradhan Eric Man , Lange Jörg
Published: January 2024

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of sandwich panels that, beyond handling well-known bending stress, can withstand torsional stresses. This is particularly relevant for wall applications when the panels are equipped with photovoltaic or supplemental curtain wall modules. This research article presents a detailed exploration of the structural behavior of eccentrically loaded sandwich panels, with a specific focus on warping torsion. Experimental and numerical studies were conducted on polyisocyanurate (PU) core sandwich panels, commonly employed in building envelopes. These studies involved various dimensions and material properties, while omitting longitudinal joints. The experimental study provided essential insights and validated the numerical model in ANSYS. Enabling parametric variation, the numerical analysis extends the analysis beyond the experimental scope. Results revealed a high degree of correlation between experimental, numerical, and analytical solutions, regarding the rotation, as well as the normal and shear stress of the panel. Confirming the general applicability of warping torsion in sandwich panels with certain limitations, the study contributes valuable data for applications and design of eccentrically loaded sandwich panels, laying the foundation for potential engineering calculation methods.
Advanced Science and Technology of Polymer Matrix Nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Peijiang , Xu Liguo , Li Jinlei , Peng Jianping , Jiao Zibao
Published: January 2024

The advanced science and technology of polymer matrix nanomaterials are rapidly developing fields that focus on the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials in polymer matrices [...]
Sol–Gel Technology Applied to Materials Science: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Zarkov Aleksej
Published: January 2024

The rapid advances in technologies around the globe necessitate the development of new materials, nanostructures, and multicomponent composites with specific chemical and physical properties that can meet the requirements of modern technologies [...]
Temperature Effect Separation of Structure Responses from Monitoring Data Using an Adaptive Bandwidth Filter Algorithm
Authors: Hu Anqing , Liu Gang , Deng Changjun , Luo Jun
Published: January 2024

Temperature is one of the most important factors significantly affecting damage detection performance in civil engineering. A new method called the Adaptive Bandwidth Filter Algorithm (ABFA) is proposed in this paper to separate the temperature effect from quasi-static long-term structural health monitoring data. The Adaptive Bandwidth Filter Algorithm (ABFA) is referred to as an algorithm of automatically adjusting the frequency bandwidth filter via the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Considering the obvious multi-scale feature of the collected data of civil structure, the acquired time series are divided into different time scales (for example, day, month, year, etc.), and these scales in the frequency domain correspond to the center frequencies of the adaptive bandwidth filter. The temperature effect on structure responses across different time scales is thereafter explored by adaptively adjusting the frequency bandwidth of the filter based on the known center frequencies of different scales. The relationship between the temperature and the structure responses is established through statistical regression facilitated by sufficient in situ monitoring data. Simulation and experiment results show the very promising performance of the proposed algorithm and decouple the temperature effect accurately from the contaminated data; thus an enhanced capability of damage detection is achieved.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of CAP-WAAM Single-Track Al5356 Specimens of Differing Scale
Authors: Kotlarski Georgi , Ormanova Maria , Nikitin Alexander , Morozova Iuliia , Ossenbrink Ralf , Michailov Vesselin , Doynov Nikolay , Valkov Stefan
Published: January 2024

The mass production of metallic components requires high agility in the working process conditioned by the necessity of building details of different shapes and sizes. Changing the size of the components theoretically influences the thermal dissipation capability of the same, which could lead to a change in their structure and mechanical properties. This is particularly important when aluminum alloys are concerned. For this reason, two Al5356 single-track specimens were built using the same technological conditions of layer deposition by varying only their geometrical size. In all cases, the specimens were wire and arc additively manufactured (WAAM) using a process based on gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in the cold arc pulse mode (CAP). The structure of both specimens was studied and defects along their surfaces were detected in the form of micro-pores and micro-cracks. A high concentration of undissolved Mg particles was also detected, along with some standalone Si particles. Uniformity in the build-up process was achieved, which led to the formation of nearly identical structures in the specimens. Subsequently, the resultant mechanical properties were also highly comparable. This indicates that the geometry-related variation in thermal conditions has an insignificant influence on the component’s structure and properties.
A Semantic Enhancement Framework for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection
Authors: Zhong Weiyu , Zhang Zhengxuan , Wu Qiaofeng , Xue Yun , Cai Qianhua
Published: January 2024

Sarcasm represents a language form where a discrepancy lies between the literal meanings and implied intention. Sarcasm detection is challenging with unimodal text without clearly understanding the context, based on which multimodal information is introduced to benefit detection. However, current approaches only focus on modeling text–image incongruity at the token level and use the incongruity as the key to detection, ignoring the significance of the overall multimodal features and textual semantics during processing. Moreover, semantic information from other samples with a similar manner of expression also facilitates sarcasm detection. In this work, a semantic enhancement framework is proposed to address image–text congruity by modeling textual and visual information at the multi-scale and multi-span token level. The efficacy of textual semantics in multimodal sarcasm detection is pronounced. Aiming to bridge the cross-modal semantic gap, semantic enhancement is performed by using a multiple contrastive learning strategy. Experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset. Our model outperforms the latest baseline by 1.87% in terms of the F1-score and 1% in terms of accuracy.
PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 Status and Relationship in a Prostate Cancer Cohort from Jordanian Arab Population
Authors: Al Bashir Samir , Alorjani Mohammed S. , Kheirallah Khalid , Al Hamad Mohammad , Haddad Husam K. , Al-Dwairy Ahmad , Bani-Fawwaz Baha A. , Aldaoud Najla , Halalsheh Omar , Amawi Saddam , Matalka Ismail I.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) include PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. Their relationships and patterns of expression in PCa in developing countries, including Jordan, have not yet been investigated. Materials and Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) of PCa patients was taken from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for 130 patients. PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 expression profiles were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with each other and other clinicopathological factors. Results: PTEN loss of any degree was observed in 42.9% of PCa cases. ERG and TFF3 were expressed in 59.3% and 46.5% of PCa cases, respectively. SPINK1 expression was observed in 6 out of 104 PCa cases (5.4%). Among all PCa cases (n = 104), 3.8% (n = 4) showed SPINK1+/ERG+ phenotype, 1.9% (n = 2) showed SPINK1+/ERG- phenotype, 56.7% (n = 59) showed SPINK1-/ERG+ phenotype, and 37.5% showed SPINK1-/ERG- phenotype (n = 39). Among ERG positive cases (n = 63), 6.3% were SPINK1 positive. Among SPINK1 positive cases (n = 6), 66.7% were ERG positive. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3 (6/6). Additionally, a statistically significant loss of PTEN expression was observed from Gleason Score 6 (GS6) (Grade Group 1 (GG1)) to GS9-10 (GG5); (p-value 0.019). Conclusions: This is the first study to look at the status of the PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3 genes in a Jordanian Arab population. Loss of PTEN has been linked to more aggressive prostate cancer with high GSs/GGs. SPINK1 expression was predominantly observed in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3. Our results call for screening these biomarkers for grading and molecular subtyping of the disease.
Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode
Authors: Lee Dongwoon , Song Min Seok , Seo Yong Hyeok , Lee Won Woo , Kim Young Woo , Park Minseong , Shin Ye Ji , Kwon Sang Jik , Jeon Yongmin , Cho Eou-Sik
Published: January 2024

Free-form factor optoelectronics is becoming more important for various applications. Specifically, flexible and transparent optoelectronics offers the potential to be adopted in wearable devices in displays, solar cells, or biomedical applications. However, current transparent electrodes are limited in conductivity and flexibility. This study aims to address these challenges and explore potential solutions. For the next-generation transparent conductive electrode, Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and silver (AZO/Ag/AZO) deposited by in-line magnetron sputtering without thermal treatment was investigated, and this transparent electrode was used as a transparent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) anode to maximize the transparency characteristics. The experiment and simulation involved adjusting the thickness of Ag and AZO and OLED structure to enhance the transmittance and device performance. The AZO/Ag/AZO with Ag of 12 nm and AZO of 32 nm thickness achieved the results of the highest figure of merit (FOM) (Φ550 = 4.65 mΩ−1) and lowest roughness. The full structure of transparent OLED (TrOLED) with AZO/Ag/AZO anode and Mg:Ag cathode reached 64.84% transmittance at 550 nm, and 300 cd/m2 at about 4 V. The results demonstrate the feasibility of adopting flexible substrates, such as PET, without the need for thermal treatment. This research provides valuable insights into the development of transparent and flexible electronic devices.
Editorial for Special Issue “Bacterial Plant Communities: Diversity, Molecular Interactions, and Plant Growth Promotion-2nd Edition”
Authors: Flores-Félix José David
Published: January 2024

The study of bacterial communities associated with plants, particularly those of agronomic interest, has been investigated since the late 19th century, revealing the relationship between nodule formation in leguminous plants, nitrogen fixation, their contribution to the plant, and the imperative presence of rhizobia within these nodules [...]
Exploring the Complexity of the Interaction between T. rubrum and S. aureus/S. epidermidis in the Formation of Polymicrobial Biofilms
Authors: Belizario Jenyffie A. , Bila Níura M. , Vaso Carolina O. , Costa-Orlandi Caroline B. , Mendonça Matheus B. , Fusco-Almeida Ana M. , Pires Regina H. , Mendes-Giannini Maria José S.
Published: January 2024

Dermatophytes associated with bacteria can lead to severe, difficult-to-treat infections and contribute to chronic infections. Trichophyton rubrum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms influenced by nutrient availability. This study investigated biofilm formation by these species by utilizing diverse culture media and different time points. These biofilms were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), biomass, metabolic activity, and colony-forming units (CFUs). The results revealed that mixed biofilms exhibited high biomass and metabolic activity when cultivated in the brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Both bacterial species formed mature biofilms with T. rubrum within 72 h, irrespective of media. The timing of bacterial inoculation was pivotal in influencing biomass and metabolic activity. T. rubrum’s development within mixed biofilms depended on bacterial addition timing, while pre-adhesion influenced fungal growth. Bacterial communities prevailed initially, while fungi dominated later in the mixed biofilms. CLSM revealed 363 μm thick T. rubrum biofilms with septate, well-developed hyphae; S. aureus (177 μm) and S. epidermidis (178 μm) biofilms showed primarily cocci. Mixed biofilms matched T. rubrum’s thickness when associated with S. epidermidis (369 μm), with few hyphae initially. Understanding T. rubrum and Staphylococcal interactions in biofilms advances antimicrobial resistance and disease progression knowledge.
The Response of the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota to Nosema ceranae Is Modulated by the Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici and the Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam
Authors: Sbaghdi Thania , Garneau Julian R. , Yersin Simon , Chaucheyras-Durand Frédérique , Bocquet Michel , Moné Anne , El Alaoui Hicham , Bulet Philippe , Blot Nicolas , Delbac Frédéric
Published: January 2024

The honey bee Apis mellifera is exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, such as the highly prevalent microsporidian parasite Nosema (Vairimorpha) ceranae and neonicotinoid insecticides. Both can affect honey bee physiology and microbial gut communities, eventually reducing its lifespan. They can also have a combined effect on the insect’s survival. The use of bacterial probiotics has been proposed to improve honey bee health, but their beneficial effect remains an open question. In the present study, western honey bees were experimentally infected with N. ceranae spores, chronically exposed to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, and/or supplied daily with the homofermentative bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M thought to improve the honey bees’ tolerance to the parasite. Deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowed the response of the gut microbiota to be investigated with a taxonomic resolution at the species level. All treatments induced significant changes in honey bee gut bacterial communities. Nosema ceranae infection increased the abundance of Proteus mirabilis, Frischella perrara, and Gilliamella apicola and reduced the abundance of Bifidobacterium asteroides, Fructobacillus fructosus, and Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation with P. acidilactici overturned some of these alterations, bringing back the abundance of some altered species close to the relative abundance found in the controls. Surprisingly, the exposure to thiamethoxam also restored the relative abundance of some species modulated by N. ceranae. This study shows that stressors and probiotics may have an antagonistic impact on honey bee gut bacterial communities and that P. acidilactici may have a protective effect against the dysbiosis induced by an infection with N. ceranae.
Association between Beverage Consumption and Sleep Quality in Adolescents
Authors: Vézina-Im Lydi-Anne , Beaulieu Dominique , Turcotte Stéphane , Turcotte Anne-Frédérique , Delisle-Martel Joannie , Labbé Valérie , Lessard Lily , Gingras Mariane
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to verify if the consumption of different beverages (such as water, 100% pure fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) is associated with adolescents’ sleep quality. French-speaking adolescents were recruited in person and online throughout the province of Québec (Canada) from the end of March to early July 2023. Beverage consumption and sleep quality were measured using French versions of validated questionnaires specifically designed for adolescents. A total of 218 adolescents (14–17 years; 55.5% female) completed the online survey. Among caffeinated SSBs, energy drink (rs = −0.16; p = 0.0197) and sugar-sweetened coffee (rs = −0.33; p < 0.0001) intake was correlated with adolescents’ sleep quality. Energy drink consumption (β = −0.0048; p = 0.0005) and being male (β = 0.6033; p < 0.0001) were associated with adolescents’ sleep quality. There was an interaction between sugar-sweetened coffee intake and biological sex that was associated with adolescents’ sleep quality (p = 0.0053). Sugar-sweetened coffee consumption was correlated with adolescent girls’ abilities to go to bed (rs = −0.21; p = 0.0203) and fall asleep (rs = −0.28; p = 0.0020), while in boys, it was only significantly correlated with their abilities to go to bed (rs = −0.27; p = 0.0069). Public health interventions aimed at adolescent boys should primarily target lowering energy drink consumption, while those aimed at girls should prioritize sugar-sweetened coffee intake to possibly improve their sleep quality.
Biomarkers of Iron Are Associated with Anterior-Pituitary-Produced Reproductive Hormones in Men with Infertility
Authors: Rastegar Panah Matineh , Jarvi Keith , Lo Kirk , El-Sohemy Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Approximately 16% of North American couples are affected by infertility, with 30% of cases being attributable to male factor infertility. The regulation of reproductive hormones via the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is important for spermatogenesis and subsequently male fertility. Maintaining iron homeostasis is critical to normal reproductive physiological function. This cross-sectional study’s objective was to determine the association between serum biomarkers of iron and reproductive hormones. Men experiencing infertility (n = 303) were recruited from Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto. Serum was analyzed for iron and ferritin as biomarkers of iron status and reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin), which were the primary outcome. Associations were determined using non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, linear regressions, and logistic regressions. A significant independent monotonic inverse relationship between serum iron and prolactin (p = 0.0002) was found. In linear regression analyses, iron was inversely associated with luteinizing hormone (unadjusted p = 0.03, adjusted p = 0.03) and prolactin (unadjusted p = 0.001 and adjusted p = 0.003). Serum ferritin was inversely associated with both gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (adjusted p = 0.03), and luteinizing hormone (adjusted p = 0.02). These findings suggest that biomarkers of iron are associated with pituitary-produced reproductive hormones, which play a role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal signaling pathway involved in spermatogenesis, testicular testosterone production, and male fertility.
Flaxseed Lignan Alleviates the Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity Associated with Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome
Authors: Ren Yongyan , Xu Zhenxia , Qiao Zhixian , Wang Xu , Yang Chen
Published: January 2024

This study examined the protective effect of flaxseed lignans on liver damage caused by an overdose of paracetamol (PAM). The findings demonstrated that administering 800 mg/kg/d flaxseed lignan prior to PAM significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBi) levels, while it increased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in mice. Flaxseed lignan renovated the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by PAM by promoting the proliferation of sulfonolipid (SL) producing bacteria such as Alistipes and lignan-deglycosolating bacteria such as Ruminococcus while inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogen bacteria such as Acinetobacter and Clostridium. Furthermore, flaxseed lignan modulated the serum metabolomic profile after PAM administration, specifically in the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The study identified eight potential biomarkers, including enterolactone, cervonyl carnitine, acutilobin, and PC (20:3(5Z, 8Z, 11Z)/20:0). Overall, the results suggest that flaxseed lignan can alleviate PAM-induced hepatotoxicity and may be beneficial in preventing drug-induced microbiome and metabolomic disorders.
The Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of an Individualized Nutritional CAre (INCA) Bundle versus Standard Care for Adults with Pressure Injuries Receiving Home Nursing Services: A Protocol for a Cluster Randomized and Pragmatic Clinical Trial with an Economic Evaluation
Authors: Wong Alvin , Lai Precilla , Chong Hui Hsien , Lien Christopher Tsung Chien , Graves Nicholas
Published: January 2024

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant healthcare challenge in Singapore among the aging population. These injuries contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Existing research predominantly explores single-component interventions in hospital environments, often yielding limited success. The INCA Trial aims to address this research gap by conducting a comprehensive, cluster randomized controlled trial that integrates education, individualized nutritional support, and community nursing care. This study is designed to evaluate clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes, focusing on PI wound area reduction and incremental costs associated with the intervention. Methods: The INCA Trial employs a two-group, non-blinded, cluster randomized, and pragmatic clinical trial design, recruiting 380 adult individuals (age ≥ 21 years) living in the community with stage II, III, IV, and unstageable PI(s) who are receiving home nursing service in Singapore. Cluster randomization is stratified by postal codes to minimize treatment contamination. The intervention arm will receive an individualized nutrition and nursing care bundle (dietary education with nutritional supplementation), while the control arm will receive standard care. The 90-day intervention will be followed by outcome assessments extending over one year. Primary outcomes include changes in PI wound area and the proportion of participants achieving a ≥40% area reduction. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life (HRQOL), nutritional status, and hospitalization rates. Data analysis will be conducted on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis, supplemented by interim analyses for efficacy and futility and pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The primary outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis will be based on the change to total costs compared to the change to health benefits, as measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Discussion: The INCA Trial serves as a pioneering effort in its approach to PI management in community settings. This study uniquely emphasizes both clinical and economic outcomes and melds education, intensive dietetic support, and community nursing care for a holistic approach to enhancing PI management.
A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest
Authors: Ferreira Cátia , Sarraguça Mafalda
Published: January 2024

The extraction of bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest from natural sources has been significantly explored in recent decades. However, the extraction techniques used were not very efficient in terms of time and energy consumption; additionally, the solvents used for the extraction were harmful for the environment. To improve the environmental impact of the extractions and at the same time increase the extraction yields, several new extraction techniques were developed. Among the most used ones are ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. These extraction techniques increased the yield and selectivity of the extraction in a smaller amount of time with a decrease in energy consumption. Nevertheless, a high volume of organic solvents was still used for the extraction, causing a subsequent environmental problem. Neoteric solvents appeared as green alternatives to organic solvents. Among the neoteric solvents, deep eutectic solvents were evidenced to be one of the best alternatives to organic solvents due to their intrinsic characteristics. These solvents are considered green solvents because they are made up of natural compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and carboxylic acids having low toxicity and high degradability. In addition, they are simple to prepare, with an atomic economy of 100%, with attractive physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the huge number of compounds that can be used to synthesize these solvents make them very useful in the extraction of bioactive compounds since they can be tailored to be selective towards a specific component or class of components. The main aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review which describes the main properties, characteristics, and production methods of deep eutectic solvents as well as its application to extract from natural sources bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical interest. Additionally, an overview of the more recent and sustainable extraction techniques is also given.
Recent Developments in Nanoparticle Formulations for Resveratrol Encapsulation as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Benfante Viviana , Di Raimondo Domenico , Salvaggio Giuseppe , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Comelli Albert
Published: January 2024

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that has gained considerable attention in the past decade due to its multifaceted therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its anticancer efficacy is impeded by low water solubility, dose-limiting toxicity, low bioavailability, and rapid hepatic metabolism. To overcome these hurdles, various nanoparticles such as organic and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, carbon nanotubes, bioactive glass nanoparticles, and mesoporous nanoparticles were employed to deliver resveratrol, enhancing its water solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy against various types of cancer. Resveratrol-loaded nanoparticle or resveratrol-conjugated nanoparticle administration exhibits excellent anticancer potency compared to free resveratrol. This review highlights the latest developments in nanoparticle-based delivery systems for resveratrol, focusing on the potential to overcome limitations associated with the compound’s bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.
Investigation of the Storage and Stability as Well as the Dissolution Rate of Novel Ilaprazole/Xylitol Cocrystal
Authors: Nam Sihyun , Lim Changjin , Kim Yongdae , Yoon Bokyoung , Park Taewoo , Kim Woo-Sik , An Ji-Hun
Published: January 2024

Reflux esophagitis, a treatment for gastric ulcers known as Ilaprazole (Ila), is not stable during storage and handling at room temperature, requiring storage at 5 degrees Celsius. In this study, to address these issues with Ila, coformers rich in oxygen (O) and hydroxyl (OH) groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with were selected. These coformers included Xylitol (Xyl), Meglumine (Meg), Nicotinic acid (Nic), L-Aspartic acid (Asp), and L-Glutamic acid (Glu). A 1:1 physical mixture of Ila and each coformer was prepared, and the potential for cocrystal formation was predicted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) screening. The results indicated the potential for cocrystal formation in the Ila/Xyl physical mixture. Subsequently, Ila and Xyl were mixed in ethyl acetate (EA) in a 1:1 ratio, and after 28 h of slurry, the formation of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum analysis, showing intermolecular hydrogen bonding and conformational changes. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solution-state NMR (1H, 13C, and 2D) molecular structure analysis. To assess the stability of Ila/Xyl cocrystal at room temperature, it was stored and compared with Ila at 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 65 ± 5% over three months. The results showed that the purity of Ila/Xyl cocrystal remained at 99.8% from the initial purity of 99.75% over the three months, while Ila was predicted to decrease from an initial 99.8% purity to 90% after three months. Additionally, at 25 ± 2 °C and RH 65 ± 5%, a specific impurity B in Ila/Xyl cocrystal was observed to be 0.03% over three months, whereas Ila was predicted to increase from an initial 0.032% to 2.28% after three months. To evaluate the dissolution rate of Ila/Xyl cocrystal, a formulation was prepared and compared with Ila at pH 10, with a dosage equivalent to 10 mg of Ila. The results showed that Ila/Xyl cocrystal reached 55% within 15 min and 100% within 45 min, while Ila was predicted to reach 32% at 15 min and 100% only after 60 min. However, overall, the Ila/Xyl cocrystal showed results equivalent to or exceeding the dissolution rate of Ila. Therefore, it is predicted that the Ila/Xyl cocrystal will maximize its effectiveness as a more convenient crystal structure for formulation development, allowing storage and preservation at room temperature without the need for the problematic 5 °C refrigeration during ambient conditions and storage, addressing the issues associated with Ila.