bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving battery safety by reducing the formation of Li dendrites with the use of amorphous silicon polymer anodes
Authors: Maruyama Hitoshi , Nakano Hideyuki , Ogawa Masahiro , Nakamoto Masaaki , Ohta Toshiaki , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: August 2015

To provide safe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low cost, battery materials which lead to reduced Li dendrite formation are needed. The currently used anode materials have low redox voltages that are very close to the redox potential for the formation of Li metal, which leads to severe short circuiting. Herein, we report that when the three-dimensional amorphous silicon polymers poly(methylsilyne) and poly(phenylsilyne) are used as anode materials, dendritic Li formation on the anode surface is avoided up to a practical current density of 10 mA·g−1 at 5 °C. Equally as significant, poly(methylsilyne) and poly(phenylsilyne) are capable of reacting with 0.45 and 0.9 Li atoms per formula unit, respectively, at an average voltage of approximately 1.0 V, affording reversible capacities of 244 mAh·g−1 and 180 mAh·g−1. Moreover, noteworthy is the fact that polysilynes are suitable for practical applications because they can be prepared through a simple and low-cost process and are easy to handle.
High throughput pyrogenic carbon (biochar) characterisation and quantification by liquid chromatography
Authors: Cerqueira Wildson V. , Rittl Tatiana F. , Novotny Etelvino H. , Pereira Netto Annibal D.
Published: August 2015

Characterisation and quantification of the carbonaceous polyaromatic structure of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) are of paramount importance to evaluate the role of PyC in soil carbon sequestration.
The development of paper microfluidic devices for presumptive drug detection
Authors: Musile Giacomo , Wang Ling , Bottoms Jashaun , Tagliaro Franco , McCord Bruce
Published: August 2015

Colorimetric detection of morphine on a 6 channel paper microfluidic device.
Selective sensing of Fe2+ ions in aqueous solution based on fluorescence quenching of SDS capped rubrene nanoparticles: application in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Mahajan Prasad G. , Bhopate D. P. , Kamble A. A. , Dalavi D. K. , Kolekar G. B. , Patil Shivajirao R.
Published: August 2015

A new fluorescent organic nanoprobe developed for the selective sensing of Fe2+ ions in aqueous medium and to further explore its utility for the detection of Fe2+ in pharmaceutical samples based on fluorescence quenching studies.
Exploitation of a simple Schiff base as a ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for glutamic acid
Authors: Ghorai Anupam , Mondal Jahangir , Chandra Rukmani , Patra Goutam K.
Published: August 2015

A novel, simple and rapid method has been developed for visual detection ofl-glutamic acid (Glu) in aqueous solution. The chemosensor is easy to prepare and use and is cost effective. It exhibits an excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Glu over other amino acids and provides a fast response time and low detection limit of about 7.96×10-7 M.
Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 ordered mesoporous carbon as a fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction
Authors: Zhang Shuaihua , Yang Qian , Li Zhi , Gao Wei , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi
Published: August 2015

An ordered mesoporous carbon OMC-ZSM-5 was synthesized and immobilized onto a stainless steel wire by a sol–gel coating method to prepare SPME fiber. The SPME with the OMC-ZSM-5 coated fiber coupled with GC/FID was successfully used to determine trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples.
Amino-functionalized silica-encapsulated Mn/ZnS quantum dots for the room-temperature phosphorescence determination of graphene oxide in environmental water samples
Authors: Zhong Yaping , Wang Qingpu , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu
Published: August 2015

We developed a simple and sensitive room-temperature phosphorescence method for the determination of graphene oxide in environmental water samples using amino-functionalized silica-encapsulated Mn/ZnS quantum dots.
Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for toxic ractopamine based on the enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Kangbing , Wu Can
Published: August 2015

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for toxic ractopamine was developed using an acetylene black nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode, exhibiting a large active surface area and enhanced electron transfer capacity.
Quick and robust method for trace determination of MeHg in rice and rice products without derivatisation
Authors: Brombach C.-C. , Ezzeldin M. F. , Chen B. , Corns W. T. , Feldmann J. , Krupp E. M.
Published: August 2015

Determination of neurotoxic methylmercury in rice – a quick and cost effective method.
The headspace solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples using silica fiber modified by self assembled gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zare Fahimeh , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Daneshfar Ali
Published: August 2015

The headspace solid phase microextraction method with modified silica fibers prepared based on self assembled gold nanoparticles and the sol–gel method is described for the determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples..
Synthesis of low-valent uranium fluorides by C–F bond activation
Authors: Clark Christopher L. , Lockhart Jill J. , Fanwick Phillip E. , Bart Suzanne C.
Published: August 2015

The uranium(iii) alkyl, Tp*2UCH2Ph (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate), activates C–F bonds on a variety of fluorinated substrates, generating Tp*2UF or Tp*2UF2.
Bundle-forming α-helical peptide–dendron hybrid
Authors: Marine Jeannette E. , Song Shuang , Liang Xiaoli , Watson Matthew D. , Rudick Jonathan G.
Published: August 2015

Dendronized peptides designed to form a dendronized helix bundle assembly.
Photocatalytic oxidation of TMB with the double stranded DNA–SYBR Green I complex for label-free and universal colorimetric bioassay
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Huang Chengpeng , Xu Shuxia , Chen Junbo , Zeng Ying , Wu Peng , Hou Xiandeng
Published: August 2015

The previously undiscovered photocatalytic activity of the classical dsDNA–SYBR Green complex for TMB oxidation was reported here for label-free and universal visual bioassays.
Mechanism of anisotropic surface self-diffusivity at the prismatic ice–vapor interface
Authors: Gladich Ivan , Oswald Amrei , Bowens Natalie , Naatz Sam , Rowe Penny , Roeselova Martina , Neshyba Steven
Published: August 2015

Models of mesoscopic ice roughening require improved understanding of surface attachment kinetics.
A model for ultra-fast charge transport in membrane proteins
Authors: Sheu Sheh-Yi , Schlag Edward W. , Yang Dah-Yen
Published: August 2015

We performed molecular dynamics simulations to show that the peptide charge transport is highly efficient in lipids, particularly in certain orientations and phases, in contrast to the poor efficiency in water medium.
Analyzing torquoselectivity in electrocyclic ring opening reactions of trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene and 3-formylcyclobutene through electronic structure principles
Authors: Morales-Bayuelo Alejandro , Pan Sudip , Caballero Julio , Chattaraj Pratim K.
Published: August 2015

The phenomenon of torquoselectivity in electrocyclic ring opening reactions is explained through the electronic structure principles.
14N overtone transition in double rotation solid-state NMR
Authors: Haies Ibraheem M. , Jarvis James A. , Brown Lynda J. , Kuprov Ilya , Williamson Philip T. F. , Carravetta Marina
Published: August 2015

Significant narrowing of 14N overtone lines is achieved through the use of double rotation NMR. The resulting line widths are similar to those of the 15N isotope.
Liquid/liquid interface layering of 1-butanol and [bmim]PF6 ionic liquid: a nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Iwahashi Takashi , Ishiyama Tatsuya , Sakai Yasunari , Morita Akihiro , Kim Doseok , Ouchi Yukio
Published: August 2015

IV-SFG vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulation studies reveal a local polar/nonpolar layering structure at the interface of 1-butanol-d9 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6).
Strategies for optimizing the performance of carbazole thiophene appended unsymmetrical squaraine dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Soman Suraj , Rahim M. A. , Lingamoorthy S. , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Das Suresh
Published: August 2015

Unsymmetrical squaraine dyes (CTSQ-1 and CTSQ-2) with carbazole thiophene donor units were synthesized, characterized and used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Isotopic studies of the ammonia decomposition reaction mediated by sodium amide
Authors: Wood Thomas J. , Makepeace Joshua W. , Hunter Hazel M. A. , Jones Martin O. , David William I. F.
Published: August 2015

Ammonia decomposition by sodium amide shows a significant primary kinetic isotope effect, indicating an alternative reaction pathway than for transition metal catalysts.
Molecular determinants for selective C25-hydroxylation of vitamins D2and D3by fungal peroxygenases
Authors: Lucas Fátima , Babot Esteban D. , Cañellas Marina , del Río José C. , Kalum Lisbeth , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin , Guallar Victor , Martínez Angel T. , Gutiérrez Ana
Published: August 2015

Regioselective hydroxylation of vitamin D byAgrocybe aegeritaandCoprinopsis cinereaperoxygenases was investigated in an experimental and computational study.
The catalytic mechanism of A-type dye-decolourising peroxidase BsDyP: neither aspartate nor arginine is individually essential for peroxidase activity
Authors: Mendes S. , Catarino T. , Silveira C. , Todorovic S. , Martins L. O.
Published: August 2015

BsDyP fromBacillus subtilisbelongs to the new dye-decolourising peroxidase (DyP) family. Here, we use transient kinetics to provide details on the catalytic cycle of BsDyP.
Hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Fumin , Cai Wangfeng , Zhang Jinli , Zhang Xubin
Published: August 2015

Phosphorus doping facilitates the dispersion of copper species, enhances the interaction between metal and support, and restrains the growth of copper components during acetylene hydrochlorination.
Highly efficient and recyclable rhodium nanoparticle catalysts for hydrogenation of quinoline and its derivatives
Authors: Niu Mingming , Wang Yanhua , Chen Pu , Du Dongjie , Jiang Jingyang , Jin Zilin
Published: August 2015

PEG-stabilized rhodium nanoparticles exhibited high activity, selectivity and recyclability for the hydrogenation of quinoline and its derivatives.
Functional integration of Ni–Mo electrocatalysts with Si microwire array photocathodes to simultaneously achieve high fill factors and light-limited photocurrent densities for solar-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shaner Matthew R. , McKone James R. , Gray Harry B. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: August 2015

An n+p-Si microwire array with a Ni–Mo/TiO2 catalyst/light-scattering bi-layer structure that simultaneously achieves high fill factors and light-limited photocurrent densities for direct solar H2(g) production.
Metabolomics strategy reveals therapeutical assessment of limonin on nonbacterial prostatitis
Authors: Zhang Aihua , Wang Huiyu , Sun Hui , Zhang Yue , An Na , Yan Guangli , Meng Xiangcai , Wang Xijun
Published: August 2015

Limonin has been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties, however, its precise metabolism mechanism has not been well explored.
Effects of various fibre-rich extracts on cholesterol binding capacity during in vitro digestion of pork patties
Authors: López-Marcos Mari Cruz , Bailina Claudia , Viuda-Martos Manuel , Pérez-Alvarez José Angel , Fernández-López Juana
Published: August 2015

Intake of foods containing high levels of cholesterol harms human health, and an increase in the intake of dietary fibre (DF) may mitigate these negative effects.
Precise analysis of calcium stable isotope variations in biological apatites using laser ablation MC-ICPMS
Authors: Tacail Théo , Télouk Philippe , Balter Vincent
Published: August 2015

First method for in situ Ca isotope ratio analysis in bioapatites, allowing quasi non-destructive exploration of tooth enamel isotopic variations.
Isothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridines as inhibitors of cyclin G associated kinase: synthesis, structure–activity relationship studies and antiviral activity
Authors: Li Jiahong , Kovackova Sona , Pu Szuyuan , Rozenski Jef , De Jonghe Steven , Einav Shirit , Herdewijn Piet
Published: August 2015

Starting from a known isothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridine scaffold, different series of novel, potent GAK ligands were synthesized.
Tricyclic phenothiazine and phenoselenazine derivatives as potential multi-targeting agents to treat Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tin Gary , Mohamed Tarek , Gondora Nyasha , Beazely Michael A. , Rao Praveen P. N.
Published: August 2015

A group of tricyclic phenothiazines (6a, 6b and 7a–l) and phenoselenazines (12a, 12b and 13a–l) was designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-targeting ligands aimed at the cholinergic, amyloid and oxidative stress pathways of Alzheimer's disease.
A magnetic porous chitosan-based palladium catalyst: a green, highly efficient and reusable catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck reaction in aqueous media
Authors: Movassagh Barahman , Rezaei Nasrin
Published: August 2015

We have prepared a highly active and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck reaction in aqueous media in high yields.
Hydrogen-gas sensors based on graphene functionalized palladium nanoparticles: impedance response as a valuable sensor
Authors: Martínez-Orozco Reinaldo David , Antaño-López René , Rodríguez-González Vicente
Published: August 2015

Palladium–graphene nanostructures were synthesized by the hydrothermal-microwave exfoliation method and employed as active layers for hydrogen gas detection.
In vivo 808 nm image-guided photodynamic therapy based on an upconversion theranostic nanoplatform
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Que Ivo , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Youlin , Tu Langping , Chang Yulei , Wang Tong Tong , Chan Alan , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. , Zhang Hong
Published: August 2015

A new strategy for efficient in vivo image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated utilizing a ligand-exchange constructed upconversion-C60 nanophotosensitizer.
Synthesis of a multifunctional poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) scaffold with clickable azide-containing side chains for (bio)sensor applications
Authors: Braeken Yasmine , Verstappen Pieter , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Maes Wouter
Published: August 2015

Clickable poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) copolymers were designed and synthesized towards (bio)sensor applications.
Fabrication of fluorinated raspberry particles and their use as building blocks for the construction of superhydrophobic films to mimic the wettabilities from lotus leaves to rose petals
Authors: Li Fei , Tu Yuanyuan , Hu Jiwen , Zou Hailiang , Liu Guojun , Lin Shudong , Yang Gonghua , Hu Shengyu , Miao Lei , Mo Yangmiao
Published: August 2015

Preparation of raspberry-like particles (RPs) and the subsequent fabrication of superhydrophobic films with tunable adhesion derived from fluorinated RPs.
Poly(vinyl benzoate)-backbone mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Yang Hong , Lv You-Jing , Xu Ming , Wang Jun , Lin Bao-Ping , Guo Ling-Xiang , Chen Er-Qiang
Published: August 2015

This work describes a new system of MJLCPs with poly(vinyl benzoate)-backbone, which are efficiently synthesized by the bulk photo-polymerization method. Furthermore, homogeneous- or homeotropic-aligned cross-linked MJLCP (xMJLCP) films are for the first time successfully prepared.
Polymer composites with high haze and high transmittance
Authors: Ru Yue , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Li , Dai Liming , Yang Wantai , Qiao Jinliang
Published: August 2015

Novel light scattering polymer composites with high transmittance and high haze have been developed by using cross-linked copolymer (CM-SMC) microspheres as light scattering fillers.
Coaxial solution blowing of modified hollow polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber Fe complex (Fe-AO-CSB-HPAN) as a heterogeneous Fenton photocatalyst for organic dye degradation
Authors: Li Lei , Kang Weimin , Li Fu , Li Zongjie , Shi Jie , Zhao Yixia , Cheng Bowen
Published: August 2015

The dyes degradation performance of the modified hollow polyacrylonitrile Fe complex (Fe-AO-CSB-HPAN) prepared by coaxial solution blowing (CSB).
Deep oxidative desulfurization of model oil catalyzed by magnetic MoO3/Fe3O4
Authors: Zhou Qin , Fu Shurong , Zou Min , He Yiming , Wu Ying , Wu Tinghua
Published: August 2015

The magnetic MoO3/Fe3O4 catalyst showed good catalytic performance and stability for oxidation desulfurization of dibenzothiophene, and it could be easily separated by applying an external magnetic field.
A rapid and novel method for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole catalyzed by exceptional reusable monodisperse Pt NPs@AC under the microwave irradiation
Authors: Erken Esma , Esirden İbrahim , Kaya Muharrem , Sen Fatih
Published: August 2015

Monodisperse Pt NPs@AC catalyst showed excellent yield, one of the shortest reaction time for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles under the microwave irradiation.
Side chain structure affects the molecular packing and photovoltaic performance of oligothiophene-based solution-processable small molecules
Authors: Lan Shang-Che , Chang Chiao-Kai , Lu Yueh-Hsin , Lin Shu-Wei , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Wei Kung-Hwa
Published: August 2015

Small molecules with alkyl side chains of different lengths were prepared with 2,2′-bithiophene, terthiophene and thiobarbituric acid as the central core, spacer and end-cap. Uniform, shorter chain lengths gave stronger intermolecular interactions, favoring crystallization.
Ag dendritic nanostructures for rapid detection of thiram based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wu Dun , Chen Zhidong
Published: August 2015

We have developed a SERS-active substrate based on Ag dendritic nanostructures for sensitive Raman signal readout and fingerprint identification of pesticide residues in agricultural products and environments.
Amorphous PtNiP particle networks of different particle sizes for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Wang Hui , Lv Weizhong , Ji Shan , Pollet Bruno G. , Li Shunxi , Wang Rongfang
Published: August 2015

Amorphous PtNiP particle networks with different particle sizes preparedviathe reaction temperature control method showed high catalytic activity for hydrazine oxidation compared to the Pt and PtNi catalysts due to its porous, amorphous structure.
Controllability of dynamic double helices: quantitative analysis of the inversion of a screw-sense preference upon complexation
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Kawai Shunsuke , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori
Published: August 2015

We analyzed quantitatively the complexation-induced inversion of a screw-sense preference of dynamic double helices with CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Origin of hydrogen evolution activity on MS2 (M = Mo or Nb) monolayers
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Gu Yu , Tao Guohua , Pei Yanli , Wang Guangjin , Cui Ni
Published: August 2015

The Volmer reaction is thermodynamically governed by adiabatic electron and proton affinities, and the high HER activity of 2D MS2 monolayers comes from their large adiabatic electron affinities.
Heterojunctions between amorphous and crystalline niobium oxide with enhanced photoactivity for selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to imine under visible light
Authors: Zhang Yantao , Pei Linjuan , Zheng Zhanfeng , Yuan Yong , Xie Tengfeng , Yang Juan , Chen Shuai , Wang Junwen , Waclawik Eric R. , Zhu Huaiyong
Published: August 2015

Nb2O5microfibres with heterojunctions between amorphous and crystalline phases show improved photocatalytic activity in Nb2O5–benzylamine surface complex photocatalytic process.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Nb doped brookite TiO2 nanosheets with enhanced lithium-ion intercalation properties
Authors: Liu Yubin , Liu Minying , Lan Tongbin , Dou Jie , Wei Mingdeng
Published: August 2015

Nb doped brookite TiO2 nanosheets were fabricated for the first time. It was found that these materials were formed through oriented attachment followed by Ostwald ripening and exhibited enhanced lithium-ion intercalation properties.
Synthesis of pH and UV dual-responsive microcapsules with high loading capacity and their application in self-healing hydrophobic coatings
Authors: Cong Ying , Chen Kunlin , Zhou Shuxue , Wu Limin
Published: August 2015

pH and UV dual-responsive microcapsules with high loading capacity were fabricated by Pickering emulsion polymerization stabilized with SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles.
Reduction of graphene oxide in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Chunsong , Gao Hongpeng , Chen Chengmeng , Wu Hui
Published: August 2015

We report a simple in situ approach to reduce graphene oxide in Li-ion batteries. This electrochemical method to reduce graphene oxide could be used in graphene-based electrode fabrication.
Low voltage actuator using ionic polymer metal nanocomposites based on a miscible polymer blend
Authors: Panwar Varij , Jeon Jin-Han , Anoop Gopinathan , Lee Hyeon Jun , Oh Il-Kwon , Jo Ji Young
Published: August 2015

An actuator based on a miscible [P(VDF-TrFE)]/PVP/PSSA polymer blend membrane shows a large actuation displacement and force at a low voltage of 1 V compared to those of commercial Nafion and PVDF based actuators.
pH-Sensitive pullulan–DOX conjugate nanoparticles for co-loading PDTC to suppress growth and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Huanan , Sun Yong , Liang Jie , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong
Published: August 2015

Co-delivery of DOX and PDTC using pH-sensitive pullulan–DOX conjugate nanoparticles helped to suppress growth and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Luminescence and energy transfer of Eu2+/Tb3+/Eu3+ in LiBaBO3 phosphors with tunable-color emission
Authors: Xu Shuchao , Li Panlai , Wang Zhijun , Li Ting , Bai Qiongyu , Sun Jiang , Yang Zhiping
Published: August 2015

A series of LiBaBO3:RE (RE = Eu2+/Tb3+/Eu3+) phosphors have been synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state reaction method.
Evaluation of CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dot toxicity on three-dimensional spheroid cultures
Authors: Ulusoy Mehriban , Lavrentieva Antonina , Walter Johanna-Gabriela , Sambale Franziska , Green Mark , Stahl Frank , Scheper Thomas
Published: August 2015

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs), with tissue-mimetic morphology through well developed cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and distinct diffusion/transport characteristics, were assessed for dose-dependent toxic effects of red-emitting CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (Qdots). Morphological investigations and time-resolved microscopy analysis in addition to cell metabolic activity studies revealed that 3D spheroid cultures are more resistant to Qdot-induced cytotoxicity in comparison to conventional 2D cultures. The obtained results suggest the presence of two distinct cell populations in 2D cultures with different sensitivity to Qdots, however that effect wasn't observed in 3D spheroids. Our investigations were aimed to improve the prediction of nanotoxicity of Qdot on tissue-level and provide the essential screening steps prior to any in vivo application. Moreover, penetration ability of highly fluorescent Qdots to densely-packed spheroids will fortify the biological application of developed Qdots in tissue-like structures.
Differential reduction in cardiac and liver monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 and reduction in cardiac and liver tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin in the α-subunit of trifunctional protein heterozygous knockout mice
Authors: Mejia Edgard M. , Ibdah Jamal A. , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Hatch Grant M.
Published: August 2015

The contribution of α-subunit of trifunctional protein (αTFP) to cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) remodelling and mitochondrial supercomplex formation was examined in heart and liver mitochondria from wild-type (WT) and αTFP heterozygous knockout [Mtpa(+/−)] mice. Mtpa(+/−) mouse heart and liver exhibited an approximate 55% and 50% reduction in αTFP protein expression compared with WT respectively. Monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) acyltransferase (MLCL AT)-1 protein derived from αTFP was reduced by 30% in Mtpa(+/−) mouse heart but not in liver compared with WT. In vitro acylation of MLCL was significantly reduced in heart but not in liver mitochondria of Mtpa(+/−) mice compared with WT. CL mass was reduced and significant reductions in linoleate-containing CL species, in particular tetralinoleoyl-CL (L4-CL) and trilinoleoyl-CL (L3-MLCL) species, were observed in heart and liver mitochondria of Mtpa(+/−) mice compared with WT. Cardiac and liver mitochondrial supercomplex assembly and NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) activity within these supercomplexes were unaltered in both Mtpa(+/−) mouse heart and Mtpa(+/−) mouse liver compared with WT. The results indicate that αTFP may modulate CL molecular species composition in murine heart and liver. In addition, L4-CL might not be an essential requirement for mitochondrial supercomplex assembly.
The N-terminal acetyltransferase Naa10 is essential for zebrafish development
Authors: Ree Rasmus , Myklebust Line M. , Thiel Puja , Foyn Håvard , Fladmark Kari E. , Arnesen Thomas
Published: August 2015

N-terminal acetylation, catalysed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), is among the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes and involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the α-amino group of the first amino acid. Functions of N-terminal acetylation include protein degradation and sub-cellular targeting. Recent findings in humans indicate that a dysfunctional Nα-acetyltransferase (Naa) 10, the catalytic subunit of NatA, the major NAT, is associated with lethality during infancy. In the present study, we identified the Danio rerio orthologue zebrafish Naa 10 (zNaa10). In vitro N-terminal acetylation assays revealed that zNaa10 has NAT activity with substrate specificity highly similar to that of human Naa10. Spatiotemporal expression pattern was determined by in situ hybridization, showing ubiquitous expression with especially strong staining in brain and eye. By morpholino-mediated knockdown, we demonstrated that naa10 morphants displayed increased lethality, growth retardation and developmental abnormalities like bent axis, abnormal eyes and bent tails. In conclusion, we identified the zebrafish Naa10 orthologue and revealed that it is essential for normal development and viability of zebrafish.
The Effects of Isocaloric Exchange of Dietary Starch and Sucrose on Glucose Tolerance, Plasma Insulin and Serum Lipids in Man
Authors: Dunnigan M. G. , Fyfe T. , McKiddie M. T. , Crosbie S. M.
Published: August 2015

1. The effects of isocalorically exchanging dietary starch and sucrose on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and serum lipids were examined in nine middle-aged subjects. A ‘sucrose’ period in which 70% of dietary carbohydrate was supplied as sucrose was alternated with a ‘sucrose free’ period in which dietary carbohydrate was supplied mainly as starch. Each period lasted 4 weeks; eleven balances were completed.

2. Changes in body weight during the balances were small and statistically insignificant.

3. Fasting blood sugar levels were significantly elevated during the ‘sucrose’ period. During 50 g glucose tolerance tests, blood sugar levels were slightly higher during the ‘sucrose’ period but this difference was not statistically significant.

4. Plasma insulin levels were similar during the dietary periods, both in the fasting state and after 50 g of glucose.

5. Mean levels of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and plasma NEFA showed no significant differences between the two dietary periods.

6. It is concluded that glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and serum lipids are not significantly altered by the substitution of sucrose for starch at levels of sucrose intake comparable to those in the Western diet.
The Viscosity of Bronchial Secretion
Authors: Sturgess Jennifer M. , Palfrey A. J. , Reid Lynne
Published: August 2015

1. The viscosity of sputum in patients with chronic bronchitis has been measured with the Weissenberg rheogoniometer, a cone and plate system, using oscillatory movement at low shear rates.

2. A characteristic pattern is described not previously reported for sputum or any other biological fluid.

3. Sputum viscosity decreased steadily with increasing shear rate; over a narrow range of shear rates a ‘notched plateau’ was shown. The destruction of this plateau by higher frequencies of oscillation was attributed to breakdown or rearrangement of the gel structure.

4. The effects of time on viscosity measurement, presumably caused by drying, are also described.
The Absorption of α-Tocopherol in Control Subjects and in Patients with Intestinal Malabsorption
Authors: MacMahon M. T. , Neale G.
Published: August 2015

1. The absorption of physiological doses of tritiated α-tocopherol has been studied in seven control subjects and in twenty-three patients with malabsorption due to various causes.

2. Control subjects absorbed between 55·0 and 78·6% of an oral dose. Radioactivity appeared in the plasma between 1 and 3 hr, reached a peak between 5 and 9 hr, and subsequently fell exponentially with a mean half-life of 53 hr. Radioactivity in plasma was almost all associated with free α-tocopherol.

3. Absorption of α-tocopherol was most severely impaired in patients with biliary obstruction, and somewhat less severely impaired in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Malabsorption in patients with an abnormal small intestinal mucosa varied with the severity of the condition, and could be correlated with the degree of steatorrhoea.

4. In two patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia, malabsorption of the vitamin was relatively more severe than that of fat. Mild malabsorption was found in five of the six patients who had had a partial gastrectomy.

5. The amount of radioactivity recovered from the urine in 3 days ranged from 0·0 to 21·4% of the dose given and could be correlated with the degree of absorption.
The Effect of Hyperventilation on the Lactacidaemia of Muscular Exercise
Authors: Edwards R. H. T. , Clode Marie
Published: August 2015

1. Six men exercised at 600 kp m/min on a cycle ergometer. After a control period they hyperventilated at about twice the control level of ventilation. Capillary blood samples were taken for lactate estimations at the end of both 6 min periods.

2. Hyperventilation resulting in a fall in end-tidal Pco2 of 12·0 mmHg was associated with rise in blood lactate concentration of 1·07 mm/l.

3. It is concluded that the increase in blood lactate concentration attributable to hyperventilation is comparatively small in exercise tests involving short periods of moderately severe exertion.

4. In an additional subject exercising similarly, hyperventilation without a fall in Pco2 (‘normocapnic’ hyperventilation) was achieved by adding 3·8% CO2 to the inspired air. Subsequent hyperventilation while breathing air resulted in a fall in end-tidal Pco2 of 19·5 mmHg (‘hypocapnic’ hyperventilation) and a rise in blood lactate concentration of 1·21 mm/l. Parallel changes in pyruvate concentration occurred suggesting that lactate production had increased. Neither the origin nor the mechanism of this increase could be ascertained; however, it appeared unlikely to be due to increased anaerobic metabolism of the respiratory muscles as normocapnic hyperventilation was associated with virtually no change in blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations.
The Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation on the Morphology and Absorptive Capacity of the Rat Small Intestine
Authors: Craft I. L.
Published: August 2015

1. A study of the length, total weight and weight per cm of the small intestine of virgin, pregnant and lactating rats has provided evidence for an increase in intestinal surface area in pregnancy and lactation.

2. Because of such alterations in morphology of the gut the absorption,in vivo, of the substrates studied, glucose and glycine, has been expressed in terms of amount transferred per loop and also per g dry weight of intestine.

3. Using these parameters the results show that pregnancy does not alter the ability of the upper jejunum to absorb glucose and glycine. In lactation there is a significant decrease in the transfer of these substances when expressed per g dry weight of intestine, but not in absolute terms.
The Treatment of Salicylate Poisoning Using Mannitol and Forced Alkaline Diuresis
Authors: Prowse K. , Pain M. , Marston A. D. , Cumming G.
Published: August 2015

1. A comparison has been made between alkaline mannitol diuresis and alkaline glucose diuresis in the treatment of salicylate poisoning during an 8 hr period.

2. Mannitol gave a higher rate of urine flow, but there was no significant difference in the rate of salicylate excretion.

3. Serum levels of sodium, potassium and calcium fell in both groups, mainly during the first 2 hr. The mean fall in serum sodium was greater (21·4 mEq/l compared with 10·0 mEq/l) and that in serum potassium less (0·6 mEq/l compared with 1·5 mEq/l) in patients who received mannitol than in those who did not.

4. All serum electrolyte values had returned to normal within 24 hr of the end of the treatment period.

5. Acid—base changes occurring during treatment are described.

6. No adverse clinical features were seen in either treatment group.

7. Syrup of ipecacuanha was used to induce emesis. The mean recovery of salicylate in the vomitus was 38% of the apparent total ingested. The variability in recovery (0–81%) was not related to the delay between ingestion and vomiting.

8. It is concluded that mannitol does not increase the excretion of salicylate. It maintains good urinary excretion, thereby increasing the safety of the procedure. It is associated with a smaller fall in serum potassium and permits rapid removal of salicylate for a smaller rise in serum pH than does forced alkaline diuresis alone.
Turnover of Plasma Esterified Cholesterol: Influence of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate and Relation to Plasma Lipids and Body Weight
Authors: Nestel P. J.
Published: August 2015

1. The turnover of plasma esterified cholesterol was measured in normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects during diets rich in either carbohydrate, polyunsaturated fat or saturated fat. Turnover was measured from the rate of incorporation of radioactive mevalonic acid into plasma esterified cholesterol.

2. The turnover of esterified cholesterol was greater with polyunsaturated than with saturated fat in each of four normal subjects.

3. In sixteen studies carried out with carbohydrate-rich diets, plasma esterified cholesterol turnover tended to increase as the cholesterol concentration rose. Turnover appeared also to be higher among subjects with carbohydrate-induced hyperlipidaemia especially when they were overweight. Thus, esterified cholesterol turnover was significantly correlated with the plasma concentrations of both cholesterol and triglyceride and with body weight.

4. The physiological function of esterified cholesterol is not known but these findings suggest that it may be related to lipid transport.
The Effect of Plasma from Blood Volume Expanded Dogs on Sodium, Potassium and Pah Transport of Renal Tubule Fragments
Authors: Clarkson E. M. , Talner L. B. , de Wardener H. E.
Published: August 2015

1. Sodium, potassium and para-amino hippurate (PAH) transport was studied in renal tubule fragments incubated in vitro in plasma taken from dogs before and after their blood volume was expanded with blood with which the dog was in equilibrium. The individuals who carried out the cell transport studies did not know the identity of the plasma samples.

2. Tubule fragments were less able to maintain a gradient of sodium and potassium, or to accumulate PAH when incubated in plasma obtained after blood volume expansion than when they were incubated in control plasma.

3. It is concluded that expansion of the blood volume causes the dog to change the concentration of some unknown circulating substance which influences sodium, potassium and PAH transport in separated tubule fragments.

4. It is proposed that this substance is partly responsible for the rise in urinary excretion of sodium that accompanies blood volume expansion in the intact animal.
Comparison of the Absorption and Metabolic Products of Sucrose and its Monosaccharides in Man
Authors: Cook G. C.
Published: August 2015

1. In order to compare the absorption products of sucrose with those of its constituent monosaccharides in man, constant intrajejunal infusions of sucrose and of fructose and glucose were given to six cirrhotic patients with portal-systemic collateral vessels or surgical porta-caval anastomoses. To investigate further the subsequent metabolic fate of fructose and glucose, two further groups of four patients with normal liver function were given constant intravenous infusions of (1) fructose and glucose and (2) fructose, or (1) fructose and glucose and (2) glucose.

2. Solutions containing 292 m-mole/l sucrose, and 277 m-mole fructose and 277 m-mole glucose/l, were used for the intrajejunal infusions. Solutions containing 555 m-mole fructose and 555 m-mole glucose/l, 555 m-mole/l fructose, or 555 m-mole/l glucose, were used for the intravenous infusions. All of the intrajejunal and intravenous infusions were given at 6·0 ml kg−1 hr−1 for 3 hr.

3. During the intrajejunal infusions, blood concentrations of fructose, glucose, insulin, pyruvate, lactate and triglyceride-glycerol were similar with both sugar solutions. In most they were very slightly higher during the sucrose than the fructose and glucose infusions. These differences can be largely accounted for by the small difference in the quantities of the monosaccharides given during the two infusions.

4. The blood concentrations of fructose, glucose, insulin, pyruvate and lactate during the intravenous infusions did not seem to be influenced by the presence of the other monosaccharide. These findings are entirely consistent with the view that in man the constituent monosaccharides of sucrose are handled by separate metabolic paths.
Effect in the Conscious Dog of Constriction of the Renal Artery to a Sole Remaining Kidney on Haemodynamics, Sodium Balance, Body Fluid Volumes, Plasma Renin Concentration and Pressor Responsiveness to Angiotensin
Authors: Bianchi G. , Tenconi L. Tilde , Lucca R.
Published: August 2015

1. The renal artery to a lone remaining kidney was constricted in fourteen concious dogs. The following variables were measured in all animals: blood pressure (BP), cardiac rate (CR), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma non-protein nitrogen (NPN). Sodium balance was estimated in eleven dogs. Cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistence (TPR) and stroke volume (SV) were measured in nine dogs. Angiotensin responsiveness (AR) was measured in six animals.

2. Within 2 hr the following changes occurred: a sharp increment of BP, PRC and TPR, with initial reduction or no change in CO and CR; SV and PV were not changed. The linear regression of BP changes on PRC changes did not differ statistically from the one previously obtained during the infusion of exogenous renin in the conscious dog. AR was much depressed at 2 hr.

3. After 24 hr a slight but significant sodium retention developed, while PV and ECFV and SV increased, CO remained unchanged owing to a decrease of CR. PRC tended to return toward normal while BP remained high. Thus the linear regression between these two variables disappeared. At this stage AR increased toward normal and in two dogs exceeded normal.

4. On days 3–4 and 6–7 after constriction, CO increased owing to a rise of SV, while TPR decreased. PV and ECFV were expanded while sodium balance was maintained. AR varied very much in the individual dogs according mainly to changes of PRC, sodium balance and PV.

5. On days 12–14 sodium balance became positive again, PRC returned within normal levels in almost all the dogs. PV and ECFV also tended to decrease to normal. CO and AR were measured in only two dogs at this stage.

6. It is suggested that the early rise of blood pressure might be produced by the increase of PRC, while 3–6 days after the constriction the expansion of PV with the increase of CO contributed to the maintenance of the hypertension.
The in Vivo Plasma Clearance of Iron from Transferrins of Low and High Iron Saturation
Authors: Lane R. S. , Finch C. A.
Published: August 2015

1. The rate of in vivo release of iron from plasma transferrin samples at low and high saturation was measured simultaneously in fifteen subjects with differing amounts of body iron and different rates of erythropoiesis. Iron atoms bound to transferrin at low and high plasma iron saturation were identified by using tracer labels 55Fe and 59Fe respectively. Results were expressed as the plasma 55Fe and 59Fe half-clearance time.

2. Plasma iron clearance times ranged from 15·6 to 350 min, reflecting the different amounts of available iron and marrow requirements of the patients studied. The simultaneous rates of 55Fe and 59Fe clearance from the plasma were the same in thirteen patients. Clearances in two subjects showed differences between the two isotopes, but clearances of the identical paired isotopes in two other subjects showed no difference.

3. These results confirm earlier findings of homogeneity in the plasma iron pool, extending the observations to include varying per cent saturation of transferrin and varying rates of iron uptake.
Some Effects of Metabolic Acidosis on Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Rat
Authors: Alleyne G. A. O. , Fraser H. S. , Besterman H. S.
Published: August 2015

1. Metabolic acidosis was induced by feeding ammonium chloride to rats which were maintained on a carbohydrate diet for 48 h.

2. Fasting blood glucose was the same in acidotic and control animals, but there was an increase in liver glycogen in the former. Muscle glycogen was unchanged.

3. In vitro glycogenolysis was the same in liver slices from normal rats when incubated at a range of pH from 6·90 to 7·40.

4. The peak blood glucose in response to intraperitoneal injections of glucagon was the same in control and acidotic rats. The rate of disappearance of glucose was slower in acidotic rats both after the glucagon induced hyperglycaemia and after intravenously injected glucose.

5. Liver phosphorylase, total glycogen synthetase and the I form of this enzyme were unchanged in acidosis.

6. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that in the acidotic rat there is a block in glycolysis—possibly at the phosphofructokinase step.
The Relationship of Dietary Potassium Intake to the Aldosterone Stimulating Properties of ACTH
Authors: Williams G. H. , Dluhy R. G. , Underwood R. H.
Published: August 2015

1. Six normal volunteers were studied on four diets (10 mEq Na/40 mEq K, 10 mEq Na/200 mEq K, 200 mEq Na/40 mEq K, and 200 mEq Na/200 mEq K) and stimulated with a continuous 48-h infusion of ACTH.

2. Aldosterone secretions were measured basically and on the days of ACTH infusion. Basal aldosterone secretion was increased by restricting sodium or by increasing potassium.

3. The mean peak response of aldosterone secretion to ACTH on the 200 mEq Na/40 mEq K diet was 241 μg/day, and 1044 μg/day on the 200 mEq Na/200 mEq K diet. The mean peak response on the 10 mEq Na/40 mEq K diet was 1803 μg/day, and on the 10 mEq Na/200 mEq K diet was 2062 μg/day.

4. These results indicate that potassium, independent of sodium and angiotensin, can regulate basal aldosterone secretion and sensitize the adrenal response to the aldosterone stimulatory properties of ACTH.
Factors Determining the Ventilatory Response to Carbon Dioxide in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: King T. K. C. , Yu D.
Published: August 2015

1. The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was measured in a group of patients with chronic obstructive airways disease using a rebreathing method.

2. The slope of the carbon dioxide response curve was obtained by plotting the ventilation at successive half minutes against the corresponding mean end tidal Pco2.

3. The slope of the carbon dioxide response curve was positively correlated with (a) the FEV1 and (b) the reciprocal of the resting arterial Pco2, both these correlations being statistically significant.

4. Reference to FEV1 alone could explain more than 80% of the variation in the slope of the CO2 response curve. This explained variation was not significantly improved by the additional consideration of the resting arterial Pco2.

5. It was suggested that whatever the underlying complex mechanisms that determine the response to CO2, the FEV1 can be used as an empirical factor for the prediction of this response in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.
The Haematinic Effect of Iron in Flour
Authors: Elwood P. C. , Waters W. E. , Sweetnam P.
Published: August 2015

1. Two large-scale community based studies of the haematinic effect of iron added to flour used to bake bread are reported. These were designed to simulate conditions in the community as closely as possible.

2. Neither trial gave conclusive evidence of benefit in terms of an effect on circulating haemoglobin level, but in one trial the results suggested a small haematinic effect.

3. The availability of an iron salt from bread eaten in a normal varied diet is clearly much lower than has been suggested from highly controlled radioactive isotope studies.
The Metabolism of Isotopically Labelled Vitamin D3 in Man: The Influence of the State of Vitamin D Nutrition
Authors: Mawer E. Barbara , Lumb G. A. , Schaefer K. , Stanbury S. W.
Published: August 2015

1. The metabolism of radioactive vitamin D3 has been studied in individuals low or deficient in vitamin D (group I) and in vitamin D treated subjects (group II).

2. In group I there was a smaller serum pool of vitamin D, turning over more rapidly than in group II. The principal metabolite, peak IV, appeared more rapidly in the serum of group I; the level of radioactivity attained in this and in the more polar metabolites, peak V and VI, was also higher than in group II. Peak VI was the major radioactive component in serum after 100 days.

3. Vitamin D treatment of individuals in group I converted the pattern of metabolism of radioactive vitamin D3 to that characteristic of group II. This effect was observed in healthy individuals and in patients with vitamin D deficiency or with chronic renal failure.

4. The metabolic disposal of vitamin D entering the body appears to be determined by the state of vitamin D nutrition in the individual. Reported changes of vitamin D metabolism in diseases such as renal failure could be determined by the nutritional state of the patients studied rather than by the primary disease.
The Effect of Phenyl Ethyl Biguanide In Vivo and In Vitro on Gluconeogenesis and Ammonia Production in Rats
Authors: Alleyne G. A. O. , Besterman H. S. , Flores H.
Published: August 2015

1. The drug phenyl ethyl biguanide (PEBG) was used in vivo and in vitro to study further the relationship between renal gluconeogenesis and ammonia production in the rat.

2. When PEBG was injected intraperitoneally into the rats, it caused a decrease in urinary ammonia in spite of a greater degree of systemic acidosis. PEBG injections also blocked the increase in glucose and ammonia production by renal cortical slices from rats which had been made acidotic by oral administration of ammonium chloride 2 h previously.

3. With increasing concentrations of PEBG in vitro, there was inhibition of gluconeogenesis and ammonia production from glutamine and glutamate as substrates. The two processes were equally inhibited when glutamate was used as substrate but with glutamine, gluconeogenesis was more inhibited than ammonia production.

4. The inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis by PEBG in vitro was similar when succinate, oxaloacetate, fructose, glutamine and glutamate were used as substrates.

5. The results show that PEBG does not inhibit gluconeogenesis by blocking a specific site in the gluconeogenic pathway. In addition, further proof is provided of the physiological interrelationship of renal ammonia production and gluconeogenesis.