bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands
Authors: Liao Lawrence M. , Belleza Dominic Franco C. , Geraldino Paul John L.
Published: December 2013

The western section of the Philippine archipelago comprising the frontier island of Palawan and numerous islands within the vast Sulu Sea basin is least known in terms of its marine biota. The Smithsonian Institution Philippines Expedition (SIPHILEXP) collected thousands of marine samples to document the rich marine biodiversity there. Collections of marine benthic algae were made from the small islets of the Cuyo Islands located in the northern section of the Sulu Sea. This paper documents 17 species and one form of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) grouped into nine genera and five families. All except three taxa are new records for the locality. The classification and nomenclature of each species follow currently accepted systems. Extensive remarks on the peculiarities of each species are provided. Compared to the marine flora of other regions of the Indo-Pacific, the brown algal flora of the Cuyo Islands is potentially as diverse, but owing to some species that are commonly found elsewhere and were not accounted for in this survey, the rich diversity of the marine flora here cannot be fully appreciated. The available information represents a valuable contribution to the knowledge of marine brown algal diversity in this poorly known region of the Philippines.
Typification of names in the Sesleria juncifolia species complex (Poaceae)
Authors: DI PIETRO ROMEO
Published: December 2013

The nomenclature of the linear-leaved species of the Sesleria juncifolia complex is one of the topics of ongoing research on the taxonomy, genetic variation, and coenology of the genus Sesleria. This paper deals with the typification of five names belonging to the S. juncifolia complex that are widely used in the taxonomical and phytosociological literature. The holotype of S. juncifolia Suffren has been located. The names S. interrupta, S. juncifolia Host, and S. tenuifolia are lectotypified. A neotype is selected for S. ujhelyi. Images for all type specimens are provided, including those for members of the complex that are already validly typified (S. kalnikensis, S. albanica, S. apennina, S. calabrica).
Psychotria apdavisiana sp. nov. (Rubiaceae), a remarkable calciphile from the southern karst of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Takeuchi Wayne
Published: December 2013

Psychotria apdavisiana is described from remote environments in Papua New Guinea's Southern Escarpment. The calciphilous species is the latest addition to an expanding conspectus of discoveries from the limestone biome.
On the endemic spider species of the genus Savigniorrhipis Wunderlich, 1992 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in the Azores (Portugal), with description of a new species
Authors: CRESPO LUÍS CARLOS , BOSMANS ROBERT , CARDOSO PEDRO , BORGES PAULO A.V.
Published: December 2013

Savigniorrhipis topographicus new species is described from the Azores. The synapomorphies of Savigniorrhipis are discussed along with the affinities of the genus within the Savignia-group. Given the extremely restricted and increasingly disturbed habitat, S. topographicus new species should be classified as Critically Endangered and its single forest habitat at Topo (São Jorge Island) should increase its current protection level to a strict nature reserve.
A new species, Hemicrepidius (Miwacrepidius) rubriventris sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Denticollinae) from Republic of Korea
Authors: HAN TAEMAN , LEE YOUNGBO , KIM NAMJUNG , PARK SANGWOOK , SUZUKI WATARU , LEE SEUNGHWAN , PARK HAECHUL
Published: December 2013

The subgenus Miwacrepidius of the genus Hemicrepidius is represented by a monotypic species, H. (M.) subcyaneus (Motschulsky 1866) from Japan, and no other congener of the subgenus has been known until now. However, three female specimens of a novel species belonging to this subgenus were recently collected from the Republic of Korea. To delimitate the species boundary of the new species compared with the monotypic species, H. (M.) subcyaneus, we attempted an integrative taxonomy based on both morphological and DNA barcoding approaches. An examination of the results revealed ten diagnostic characteristics and large genetic distances, ranging from 8.40%, between these two species; therefore, we herein describe and illustrate the new species, Hemicrepidius (Miwacrepidius) rubriventris sp. nov., based on female types.
Review of the Eulamprotes wilkella species-group based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of new taxa (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)
Authors: HUEMER PETER , ELSNER GUSTAV , KARSHOLT OLE
Published: December 2013

The Eulamprotes wilkella species-group is revised based on morphological characters and on DNA barcodes of the mtCOI (Cytochrome c Oxidase 1) gene. Adult morphology combined with sequence information for 9 species supports the existence of 12 species, 7 of which are described as new to science: E. mirusella Huemer & Karsholt sp. nov. (France), E. baldizzonei Karsholt & Huemer sp. nov. (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia), E. atrifrontella Karsholt & Huemer sp. nov. (Turkey), E. wieseri Huemer & Karsholt sp. nov. (Kyrgizia), E. altaicella Huemer & Karsholt sp. nov. (Russia: Altai, Buryatia, Tuva Republic), E. kailai Karsholt & Huemer sp. nov. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgizia, Russia: Buryatia, Tuva Republic) and E. gemerensis Elsner sp. nov. (Slovakia). E. buvati Leraut, 1991 syn. nov. is synonymized with E. ochricapilla (Rebel, 1903).
New records of Recent Brachiopoda from the Red Sea with a description of a new species
Authors: LOGAN ALAN , BITNER MARIA ALEKSANDRA
Published: December 2013

A revised checklist of 14 Recent brachiopod species from Egypt and the Sudan in the Red Sea has been compiled. New records of Minutella minuta (Cooper), Thecidellina blochmanni Dall and Argyrotheca somaliensis Cooper are described and a new species Argyrotheca cooperi is erected for specimens with few but very strong costae. The new records support earlier suggestions that the affinities of the Red Sea brachiopod fauna are with those of the Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific areas.
A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)
Authors: SHIH HSI-TE , KOMAI TOMOYUKI , LIU MIN-YUN
Published: December 2013

A new species of fiddler crab (Brachyura: Ocypodidae), Uca boninensis sp. nov., is described from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. The new species has previously been identified with the widely distributed U. crassipes (White, 1847), from which it differs by having a slightly differently shaped carapace, and relatively stouter male first gonopods (G1). The recognition of the new species is also supported by differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and control region (CR) genes. U. boninensis sp. nov., appears to be endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, and as the only known population is small, urgent conservation measures are needed for its protection. Our study brings the total number of the Japanese fiddler crab species to 12.
Four new species of Noeetomima Enderlein (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), with a key to world species
Authors: SHI LI , GAIMARI STEPHEN , YANG DING
Published: December 2013

The following four species are described as new to science: Noeetomima chinensis sp. nov. (China), N. jinpingensis sp. nov. (China, Nepal), N. tengchongica sp. nov. (China) and N. yunnanica sp. nov. (China). The species Noeetomima aberrans Shatalkin and N. nepalensis Stuckenberg are newly recorded for Japan and India, respectively, and the male genitalia for N. thaiensis Sasakawa are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to separate world species is presented, as is a detailed checklist of all species.
New bioacoustic and distributional data on Bokermannohyla sapiranga Brandão et al., 2012 (Anura: Hylidae): revisiting its diagnosis in comparison with B. pseudopseudis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
Authors: DE CARVALHO THIAGO RIBEIRO , GIARETTA ARIOVALDO ANTONIO , TEIXEIRA BERNARDO FRANCO DA VEIGA , MARTINS LUCAS BORGES
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we provide new bioacoustic and distributional data on Bokermannohyla sapiranga, as well as additional comparative bioacoustic data on topotypes of B. pseudopseudis, and re-evaluate the differential diagnosis of the former species with respect to the latter. Head shapes (dorsal and lateral views) presented such variation that should not be used to differentially diagnose them as originally proposed. On the other hand, the presence of a dermal ridge along outer tarsi, and color patterns of the eyes and dorsal surface of hand/toe disks still represent diagnostic characters between both species. We also found differences in temporal (call duration; notes per call), spectral (dominant frequency; harmonics), and structural (pulsed/non-pulsed note structure) traits of their calls. Distribution of B. sapiranga is extended eastward (Paracatu), which corresponds to the first record for the State of Minas Gerais, whereas B. pseudopseudis distribution seems to be restricted to rocky montane field environments of northern Goiás State.
Two new species of the leafhopper genus Anidiocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from China
Authors: XUE QINGQUAN , WEBB M. D. , ZHANG YALIN
Published: December 2013

Two new species of Anidiocerus from China, A. brevispinus Xue & Zhang sp. nov. and A. longimus Xue & Zhang sp. nov. are described and illustrated, and A. variabilis Maldonado-Capriles, 1976 is placed as a senior synonym of A. flavidus Cai & Shen, 1998, syn. nov. A redescription of the genus is provided together with a checklist and key for the separation of males.
Heleodromia Haliday newly found in Tibet with description of one new species (Diptera: Empidoidea: Trichopezinae)
Authors: WANG JUNCHAO , WANG MENGQING , YANG DING
Published: December 2013

Heleodromia Haliday is recorded from Tibet for the first time with the following three species belonging to the subgenus Heleodromia: Heleodromia (Heleodromia) ausobskyi Wagner, Heleodromia (Heleodromia) basiflava sp. nov. and H. (H.) immaculata Haliday. This finding extends the distribution of Heleodromia in China from Northwest China to Southwest China. A key to the known species of Heleodromia from the Himalayas is presented.
A new species of Murina (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from peninsular Thailand
Authors: SOISOOK PIPAT , KARAPAN SUNATE , SATASOOK CHUTAMAS , BATES PAUL J.J.
Published: December 2013

A new species of Murina belonging to ‘suilla-group’ is described based on two specimens collected with harp traps in lowland evergreen forest in the southernmost part of peninsular Thailand. Morphology and molecular (mitochondrial COI) data suggest that the new species is most closely related to M. eleryi, which is currently known from Indochina. The new species, however, can be distinguished by the size and shape of the upper canine, the shape of the upper and lower premolars, and the colour of the ventral pelage. Additional data on bacular morphology, echolocation, ecology, and distribution are included.
The identity of the genus Scatocoenosia Schnabl, 1915 (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: SOROKINA VERA S. , PONT ADRIAN C.
Published: December 2013

A re-description is given of the problematic genus and species Scatocoenosia cordyluraeformis Schnabl, 1915. Illustrations of the male and female terminalia, and images of the female holotype and the male of this species, are given. The syno-nymy of Scatocoenosia Schnabl, 1915 with Spilogona Schnabl, 1911 is confirmed, and notes are given on the relationships of S. cordyluraeformis with other Spilogona species.
Modeled Contrast in the Response of the Surface Energy Balance to Heat Waves for Forest and Grassland
Authors: Stap Lennert B. , van den Hurk Bart J. J. M. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Neggers Roel A. J.
Published: December 2013

Observations have shown that differences in surface energy fluxes over grasslands and forests are amplified during heat waves. The role of land–atmosphere feedbacks in this process is still uncertain. In this study, a single-column model (SCM) is used to investigate the difference between forest and grassland in their energy response to heat waves. Three simulations for the period 2005–11 were carried out: a control run using vegetation characteristics for Cabauw (the Netherlands), a run where the vegetation is changed to 100% forest, and a run with 100% short grass as vegetation. A surface evaporation tendency equation is used to analyze the impact of the land–atmosphere feedbacks on evapotranspiration and sensible heat release under normal summer and heat wave conditions with excessive shortwave radiation.

Land–atmosphere feedbacks modify the contrast in surface energy fluxes between forest and grass, particularly during heat wave conditions. The surface resistance feedback has the largest positive impact, while boundary layer feedbacks generally tend to reduce the contrast. Overall, forests give higher air temperatures and drier atmospheres during heat waves. In offline land surface model simulations, the difference between forest and grassland during heat waves cannot be diagnosed adequately owing to the absence of boundary layer feedbacks.
Three-Dimensional Double-Ridge Internal Tide Resonance in Luzon Strait
Authors: Buijsman Maarten C. , Klymak Jody M. , Legg Sonya , Alford Matthew H. , Farmer David , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Nash Jonathan D. , Park Jae-Hun , Pickering Andy , Simmons Harper
Published: December 2013

The three-dimensional (3D) double-ridge internal tide interference in the Luzon Strait in the South China Sea is examined by comparing 3D and two-dimensional (2D) realistic simulations. Both the 3D simulations and observations indicate the presence of 3D first-mode (semi)diurnal standing waves in the 3.6-km-deep trench in the strait. As in an earlier 2D study, barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion, flux divergence, and dissipation are greatly enhanced when semidiurnal tides dominate relative to periods dominated by diurnal tides. The resonance in the 3D simulation is several times stronger than in the 2D simulations for the central strait. Idealized experiments indicate that, in addition to ridge height, the resonance is only a function of separation distance and not of the along-ridge length; that is, the enhanced resonance in 3D is not caused by 3D standing waves or basin modes. Instead, the difference in resonance between the 2D and 3D simulations is attributed to the topographic blocking of the barotropic flow by the 3D ridges, affecting wave generation, and a more constructive phasing between the remotely generated internal waves, arriving under oblique angles, and the barotropic tide. Most of the resonance occurs for the first mode. The contribution of the higher modes is reduced because of 3D radiation, multiple generation sites, scattering, and a rapid decay in amplitude away from the ridge.
Impact of ASCAT Soil Moisture Assimilation on Regional Precipitation Forecasts: A Case Study for Austria
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Wang Yong , Wagner Wolfgang , Mahfouf Jean-Francois
Published: December 2013

In this study, remotely sensed soil moisture data from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on board the Meteorological Operational (MetOp) series of satellites are assimilated in the regional forecasting model, Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN-Austria), using a simplified extended Kalman filter. A pointwise bias correction method is applied to the ASCAT data as well as quality flags prepared by the data provider. The ASCAT assimilation case study is performed over central Europe during a 1-month period in July 2009. Forecasts of those assimilation experiments are compared to the control run provided by the operational ALADIN version of the Austrian Met Service, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG). Forecasts are furthermore verified versus in situ data. For a single-day case study the ability of the approach to improve precipitation forecast quality in the presence of high impact weather is demonstrated. Results show that 1) based on a one station in situ data evaluation, soil moisture analysis is improved, compared to the operational analysis, when ASCAT soil moisture data is assimilated; 2) pointwise bias correction of the satellite data is beneficial for forecast quality; 3) screen level parameter forecasts can be slightly improved as a result of this approach; and 4) convective precipitation forecast is improved over flatland for the investigation period while over mountainous regions the impact is neutral.
Errors in Ensemble Kalman Smoother Estimates of Cloud Microphysical Parameters
Authors: Posselt Derek J. , Hodyss Daniel , Bishop Craig H.
Published: December 2013

If forecast or observation error distributions are non-Gaussian, the true posterior mean and covariance depends on the distribution of observation errors and the observed values. The posterior distribution of analysis errors obtained from ensemble Kalman filters and smoothers is independent of observed values. Hence, the error in ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) state estimates is closely linked to the sensitivity of the true posterior to observed values. Here a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to document the dependence of the errors in EnKS-based estimates of cloud microphysical parameters on observed values. It is shown that EnKS analysis distributions are grossly inaccurate for nonnegative microphysical parameters when parameter values are close to zero. Furthermore, numerical analysis is presented that shows that, by design, the posterior distributions given by EnKS and even nonlinear extensions of these smoothers approximate the average of all possible posterior analysis distributions associated with all possible observations given the prior. Multiple runs of the MCMC are made to approximate this distribution. This empirically derived average of Bayesian posterior analysis errors is shown to be qualitatively similar to the EnKS posterior. In this way, it is demonstrated that, in the presence of nonlinearity, EnKS algorithms do not estimate the true posterior error distribution given the specific values of the observations. Instead, they produce an error distribution that is consistent with an average of the true posterior variance, weighted by the probability of obtaining each possible observation. This seemingly subtle distinction gives rise to fundamental differences between the approximate EnKS posterior and the true Bayesian posterior distribution.
Increasing Influence of Party Identification on Perceived Scientific Agreement and Support for Government Action on Climate Change in the United States, 2006–12
Authors: McCright Aaron M. , Dunlap Riley E. , Xiao Chenyang
Published: December 2013

Since the mid-2000s, U.S. conservative leaders and Republican politicians have stepped up efforts to challenge the reality and seriousness of anthropogenic climate change (ACC). Especially with the rise of the Tea Party in 2009, ACC denial has become something of a litmus test for Republican politicians to prove their conservative bona fides. Two recent studies find that misperception of scientific agreement on ACC is associated with lower levels of support for government action to deal with ACC. Using nationally representative survey data from 2006 and 2012, the analytical model developed in those two studies was applied to investigate whether the effect of political orientation on perceived scientific agreement and support for government action to reduce emissions has increased since the heightened ACC denial by Republican politicians beginning in 2009. The results indicated that political ideology and party identification are moderately strong predictors of perceived scientific agreement; beliefs about the timing, human cause, seriousness, and threat of global warming; and support for government action in both 2006 and 2012. Further, as expected, the effect of party identification on perceived scientific agreement and support for government action increased from 2006 and 2012, evidence that rank-and-file Republicans in the general public are more strongly embracing the ACC denial espoused by Republican politicians in recent years. Such increased partisanship poses a formidable barrier to public understanding of ACC.
Self-management interventions for people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review
Authors: Bernardin Kaitlyn N. , Toews Dorothea N. , Restall Gayle J. , Vuongphan Lynn
Published: December 2013

Background.

Self-management is an important emerging intervention for people with human immunodeficiency virus (PHAs). The principles of self-management are consistent with the principles of client-centred occupational therapy.

Purpose.

This scoping review addressed three questions about self-management interventions for PHAs: (a) What knowledge, skills, and attitudes are taught? (b) What outcomes are intended? (c) What are the participation experiences of PHAs?

Method.

Questions were searched in six databases. Two researchers independently reviewed abstracts and articles before inclusion. Extracted data were iteratively themed.

Findings.

Thirty-five articles were included. Interventions taught self-care, interpersonal skills, technical knowledge, cognitive skills, positive attitudes, planning for the future, and role management. Outcomes included well-being, health and illness management, and health services use. Participation experiences reflected social experiences, needs of PHAs, specific needs of women, participation, empowerment, intervention importance, and experiences with service delivery.

Implications.

Self-management interventions are a promising approach for occupational therapists to enable PHAs’ occupational performance goals.
Psychotherapy: A profile of current occupational therapy practice in Ontario
Authors: Moll Sandra E. , Tryssenaar Joyce , Good Colleen R. , Detwiler Lisa M.
Published: December 2013

Background.

Psychotherapy can be an important part of psychosocial occupational therapy practice; however, it requires specialized training to achieve and maintain competence. Regulation varies by province, and in Ontario, occupational therapists were recently authorized to perform psychotherapy.

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychotherapy practice, training, and support needs of Ontario occupational therapists.

Method.

An online survey was sent to occupational therapists who had clients with mental health or chronic pain issues, asking about their expertise and support needs in relation to nine psychotherapy approaches.

Findings.

Of the 331 therapists who responded, there were variations in the nature and frequency of psychotherapy practice. Experienced therapists in outpatient settings were more likely to practice psychotherapy, and cognitive-behaviour therapy, motivational interviewing, and mindfulness were the most common approaches. Supervision and training varied, with many therapists interested in occupational therapy–specific training.

Implications.

Recommendations for a framework of support include education about the nature of psychotherapy, training and supervision guidelines, and advocacy for occupational therapy and psychotherapy.
Full-Time Ability Grouping of Gifted Students
Authors: Vogl Katharina , Preckel Franzis
Published: December 2013

Positive socioemotional outcomes and developments represent important educational goals. Full-time ability grouping of gifted students has been criticized for potentially detrimental socioemotional effects. Therefore, in the present longitudinal study, we investigated whether or not social self-concepts and school-related attitudes and beliefs are affected by full-time ability grouping of the gifted. Students in regular classes and students in special classes for the gifted were paralleled for cognitive ability, sex, socioeconomic status, and school. By doing so, we studied 99 “statistical twins” ( N = 198) from the beginning of fifth grade to the middle of sixth grade. Data were analyzed through repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance (within-subject factor: time; between-subject factors: class type—gifted vs. regular—and cognitive ability as covariate). Cognitive ability had hardly any effect on the variables under study. Attending a gifted class had initially positive effects on students’ social self-concept of acceptance but no effects on social self-concept of assertiveness. Moreover, children in gifted classes exhibited more interest in school and reported better student–teacher relationships than their counterparts in regular classes.
Steering in a Random Forest
Authors: McDonald Anthony D. , Lee John D. , Schwarz Chris , Brown Timothy L.
Published: December 2013

Objective:

The aim of this study was to design and evaluate an algorithm for detecting drowsiness-related lane departures by applying a random forest classifier to steering wheel angle data.

Background:

Although algorithms exist to detect and mitigate driver drowsiness, the high rate of false alarms and missed detection of drowsiness represent persistent challenges. Current algorithms use a variety of data sources, definitions of drowsiness, and machine learning approaches to detect drowsiness.

Method:

We develop a new approach for detecting drowsiness-related lane departures using steering wheel angle data that employ an ensemble definition of drowsiness and a random forest algorithm. Data collected from 72 participants driving the National Advanced Driving Simulator are used to train and evaluate the model. The model’s performance was assessed relative to a commonly used algorithm, percentage eye closure (PERCLOS).

Results:

The random forest steering algorithm had a higher classification accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than PERCLOS and had comparable positive predictive value. The algorithm succeeds at identifying two key scenarios associated with the drowsiness detection task. These two scenarios consist of instances when drivers depart their lane because they fail to modulate their steering behavior according to the demands of the simulated road and instances when drivers correctly modulate their steering behavior according to the demands of the road.

Conclusion:

The random forest steering algorithm is a promising approach to detect driver drowsiness. The algorithm’s ties to consequences of drowsy driving suggest that it can be easily paired with mitigation systems.
The effects of inorganic pigments on the luminescent properties of colored luminous fiber
Authors: Yan Yanhong , Zhu Yanan , Guo Xuefeng , Ge Mingqiao
Published: December 2013

Luminous fibers are produced by adding luminous pigments to regular manmade fibers to enable them to glow in the dark, while colored luminous fibers are produced by adding colored pigments to luminous fibers. In order to obtain a basic understanding of the effects of inorganic pigments on the luminescent properties of colored luminous fibers, five colored luminous fibers were prepared. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of inorganic pigments on the luminescent properties of luminous fibers. The degree of crystallization of colored luminous fibers was reduced because of the addition of inorganic pigments and luminous materials, as revealed by X-ray diffraction data. Afterglow intensity of colored luminous fibers decreased with time, and the addition of inorganic pigments affected the intensity of luminous fibers. Compared with the white luminous fiber, the positions of the emission peaks were unaffected in the case of fibers colored with red, blue, and green pigments, but in the case of the fiber colored with the yellow pigment three excitation peaks were noted. Colored luminous fibers emitted colored light, which produced different visual stimulation to the human eyes. It was observed that the yellow luminous fiber had the largest visual perception brightness followed by white, green, red, and blue luminous fibers. The addition of inorganic pigments had certain effects on the dominant wavelengths of colored luminous fibers, but not on the color of the emitted light.
The Sphereprint: An approach to quantifying the conformability of flexible materials
Authors: Sageman-Furnas Andrew O , Goswami Parikshit , Menon Govind , Russell Stephen J
Published: December 2013

The Sphereprint is introduced as a means to characterize hemispherical conformability, even when buckling occurs, in a variety of flexible materials such as papers, textiles, nonwovens, films, membranes, and biological tissues. Conformability is defined here as the ability to fit a doubly curved surface without folding. Applications of conformability range from the fit of a wound dressing, artificial skin, or wearable electronics around a protuberance such as a knee or elbow to geosynthetics used as reinforcements. Conformability of flexible materials is quantified by two dimensionless quantities derived from the Sphereprint. The Sphereprint ratio summarizes how much of the specimen conforms to a hemisphere under symmetric radial loading. The coefficient of expansion approximates the average stretching of the specimen during deformation, accounting for hysteresis. Both quantities are reproducible and robust, even though a given material folds differently each time it conforms. For demonstration purposes, an implementation of the Sphereprint test methodology was performed on a collection of cellulosic fibrous assemblies. For this example, the Sphereprint ratio ranked the fabrics according to intuition from least to most conformable in the sequence: paper towel, plain weave, satin weave, and single knit jersey. The coefficient of expansion distinguished the single knit jersey from the bark weave fabric, despite them having similar Sphereprint ratios and, as expected, the bark weave stretched less than the single knit jersey did during conformance. This work lays the foundation for engineers to quickly and quantitatively compare the conformance of existing and new flexible materials, no matter their construction.
Effects of multiple air gaps on the thermal performance of firefighter protective clothing under low-level heat exposure
Authors: Fu Ming , Weng Wenguo , Yuan Hongyong
Published: December 2013

The thermal performance of firefighters' protective clothing entrapping multiple air gaps and exposed to low heat fluxes has been studied using a newly designed bench-scale test apparatus. Different air gap sizes (0, 2 and 5 mm), and entrapped positions within the multiple fabric system between the outer shell, the moisture barrier, and the thermal liner, respectively, were investigated at three levels of thermal radiation (2, 5 and 10 kW/m2) over a prolonged period. The effect of air gap size and its position on the heat transfer in a multilayer fabric system are interpreted in terms of a theoretical flat multi-wall structure. The results show that the thermal protective performance of a multilayer fabric system is reduced under low-level heat flux with and without an air gap. It is indicated that the time for skin to burn in direct contact with the inner layer is increased with the size of the air gap, due to an increase in the total thermal resistance of the fabric combination and a decrease in heat radiation between two adjacent fabric layers separated by an air gap. The results also provide an insight into the contribution of the thermal resistance of each fabric layer and each air gap to the overall protective effect of the clothing system. The difference in the received heat flux with different air gap sizes in different positions shows that the effect of air gap size is related to its position.
Childhood sexual abuse and HIV sexual-risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in South Africa
Authors: Heusser Shelley , Elkonin Diane
Published: December 2013

Previous research has indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse and an increased risk of engaging in unsafe behaviours during adulthood, including risky sexual practices. This study examines the relationship between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adult HIV sexual-risk behaviour in a sample of South African men who have sex with men. Potential long-term childhood sexual abuse–related outcomes, including dissociation, recreational and sex-related drug use, depression, impaired interpersonal communication, and adult re-victimisation were treated as variables mediating the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual-risk behaviour. Men using a gay Internet dating site were randomly selected to complete the anonymous electronic survey. Results indicate that one-fourth of participants reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. Men with a history of unwanted sexual activity during childhood were more likely to report recreational and sex-related drug use, and adult re-victimisation experiences. Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that men who have sex with men who are survivors of childhood sexual abuse are more likely to report drug use and sex-related drug use, and these outcomes in turn are associated with increased HIV risk as measured by number of male sexual partners. These results highlight the importance of mental health services and new approaches in HIV prevention for men who have sex with men who have been sexually abused as children.
Community College Culture and Faculty of Color
Authors: Levin John S. , Haberler Zachary , Walker Laurencia , Jackson-Boothby Adam
Published: December 2013

This investigation examines and explains the ways in which community college faculty of color construct their understandings of institutional culture. We investigate four community colleges in California through interviews with 31 full-time faculty of color. This faculty group expresses identity conflicts between their professional roles and their cultural identities. Their understandings of their institutions suggest that the culture of the community college is more complex and multi-faceted than that portrayed in the scholarly literature, which often portrays the institution as homogeneous and the faculty body as uniform.
Synthesis of an adhesion-enhancing polyhydrosiloxane containing acrylate groups and its cross-linked addition-cure silicone encapsulant
Authors: Pan Kexue , Zeng Xingrong , Li Hongqiang , Lai Xuejun , Huang Junpeng
Published: December 2013

A novel adhesion-enhancing polyhydrosiloxane containing acrylate groups (MPMS-PHMS) was prepared via the hydrolysis of 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane and the ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and was used as cross-linker for addition-cure silicone encapsulant (ASE) with a large amount of alumina as thermally conductive fillers. The chemical structure of MPMS-PHMS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The effect of MPMS-PHMS on the properties of ASE was investigated. The results indicated that when using MPMS-PHMS as cross-linker, the cross-linking density of ASE was much higher than that of ASE using commercial poly(hydromethylsiloxane) cross-linker. It was also found that MPMS-PHMS not only markedly improved the adhesion strength of ASE to aluminum substrate but also significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of ASE. Appropriately increasing cure temperature and prolonging cure time were favorable to improve the adhesion strength of ASE. The optimal content of MPMS-PHMS was 10 phr, and the suitable cure temperature and time were approximately between 130 and 150°C and 2 h, respectively.
Together with the Homeland
Authors: Yan Lu
Published: December 2013

This article draws on a wide variety of sources and recent scholarship on citizenship to reconceptualize the Chinese National Salvation movement in the 1930s. Instead of emphasizing partisan manipulation or intellectual advocacy as past research has done, it argues that broadly based civic activism was vital for national salvation. In Hong Kong, where national salvation activism emerged in a time of political repression but developed under forced tolerance by the British authorities, widely shared commiseration with their fellow Chinese became a motivating and unifying force that cut across social and class divides. Built upon traditions of charity by the rich and of anti-foreign protest by the laboring population, civic activities for national salvation in the 1930s had a transformative effect in this British colony and affected developments in Hong Kong for decades thereafter.
Is Corporate Board More Effective Under IFRS or “It’s Just an Illusion”?
Authors: Marra Antonio , Mazzola Pietro
Published: December 2013

The present study contends that the increased effectiveness of corporate boards in constraining earnings management around International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) introduction might be “transitory” and fade away over time. Drawing on the attention-based view (ABV) of the firm, we argue that the higher effectiveness of corporate boards might have been driven by a temporary higher level of attention, which independent directors (INDs) and audit committees (ACs) allocated to accounting issues at the time of transition to IFRS. Our empirical results highlight that corporate board’s effectiveness reaches its peak around the adoption time, showing an “inverted-U” path. This study contributes to the current debate on the extent to which additional contextual factors might prevail on accounting standard regulation—per se—in improving earnings quality. We further suggest that boards’ effectiveness in monitoring the corporate financial accounting process is contextually dependent.
Relationship Satisfaction and Communication Among Urban Minority HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Mothers
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A. , Adhikari Anamika Barman , Guerrero Erick G. , Hutchinson M. Katherine
Published: December 2013

Family relationships influence children’s beliefs and behaviors. This work examined qualities associated with communication about alcohol among 176 mothers and the influence of this communication on daughters’ alcohol use. Path analyses by maternal HIV status indicated significant differences. Relationship satisfaction was associated with self-efficacy for both HIV-positive (β = 0.545, p < .001) and HIV-negative (β = 0.557, p < .001) mothers. Maternal self-efficacy was associated with communication for both HIV-positive (β = 0.364, p < .01) and HIV-negative (β = 0.310, p < .05) mothers; maternal attitudes toward alcohol use were associated with communication among HIV-negative mothers (β = 0.20, p < .05). Relationship satisfaction was indirectly related to daughter’s alcohol use in HIV-positive dyads (β = 0.153, p < .05). In families with interfamilial and environmental stressors, investing in the mother–daughter relationship, in part by discussing issues related to alcohol use, is protective in nature.
African American and European American Mothers’ Limit Setting and Their 36-Month-Old Children’s Responses to Limits, Self-Concept, and Social Competence
Authors: LeCuyer Elizabeth A. , Swanson Dena Phillips
Published: December 2013

Maternal limit-setting behaviors and patterns were observed and examined in relation to 36-month-old children’s capacities for self-regulation in 50 African American (AA) and 66 European American (EA) mother–child dyads. Children’s capacities for self-regulation were assessed through their self-concept, social competence, and observed responses to limits. Accounting for demographic risk and children’s gender, there were no ethnic differences in children’s self-regulation. In both ethnic groups, a maternal authoritative limit-setting pattern was associated with more optimal children’s self-concept and responses to limits. Maternal limit setting was associated with social competence in the EA sample, but not in the AA sample. Although further research is required to understand contributions to social competence in AA children, these data provide support for the benefits of authoritative (teaching-based) limit setting in both AA and EA mothers with 36-month-old children.
How partners’ temptation leads to their heightened commitment
Authors: Neal Angela M. , Lemay Edward P.
Published: December 2013

A model of extradyadic temptation and mate guarding was tested in the present dyadic daily report study. Results indicated that participants (perceivers) perceived their partner’s (targets) daily extradyadic temptation and that these perceptions predicted perceivers’ daily mate-guarding behaviors. Perceivers’ chronic jealousy moderated these relationships. These results suggest that perceivers, especially chronically jealous perceivers, are sensitive to their partners’ temptation for extradyadic relations and respond to this temptation with relationship-protective behaviors. Furthermore, perceivers’ mate-guarding behaviors predicted increases in targets’ subsequent daily commitment, suggesting that perceivers’ mate guarding works to deter targets from future infidelity by increasing targets’ commitment to the relationship. These findings suggest an interpersonal process in which people detect and then regulate their partners’ extradyadic temptation.
Effects of pulmonary artery perfusion with urinary trypsin inhibitor as a lung protective strategy under hypothermic low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in an infant piglet model
Authors: Li W , Wu X , Yan F , Liu J , Tang Y , Ma K , Li S
Published: December 2013

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pulmonary artery perfusion with a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) as a lung protective strategy in order to provide an experimental basis for immature lung clinical protective strategies on deep hypothermia with low-flow (DHLF) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced pulmonary injury in an infant piglet model.

Methods:

The piglets (n=15), aged 18.7±0.3 days, weight 4.48±0.21kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 5 piglets in each group: the control group, the pulmonary artery perfusion without UTI group (Group P) and the pulmonary artery perfusion with UTI group (Group U). The levels of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and interleukin-10 (TNF-α, MPO, MDA and IL-10) in pulmonary venous serum and lung tissue and the activity of NF-kappa B in lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively.

Results:

After DHLF-CPB, all of the piglets demonstrated a state of lung injury as a deterioration of lung function indices, lung injury scores, pulmonary ultrastructure changes, expression of TNF-α, MPO, MDA and IL-10 and the activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), while pulmonary artery perfusion with UTI significantly ameliorated lung function and histopathological changes, with greatly decreased serum levels of TNF-α and MPO compared to the other two groups. Also, we found an increase in the level of IL-10 in Group U lungs compared with that in Group P lungs, which correlated with a strong inhibition in the activity of NF-κB.

Conclusion:

Pulmonary artery perfusion with UTI ameliorated the DHLF-induced immature pulmonary injury in the lungs via a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and up-regulated levels of IL-10 by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.
Floating left innominate vein neoplastic thrombus: A rare case of mediastinal extension of follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Franco IF , Gurrado A , Lissidini G , Di Meo G , Pasculli A , Testini M
Published: December 2013

Objective

We report a case of advanced follicular thyroid cancer with innominate vein involvement. To our knowledge, this seems to be the first case treated in emergency surgery, reported in literature.

Method

A 59-year-old woman with a five-year history of a large and mainly right-sided cervical mass presented with dyspnea, unilateral arm swelling, facial flushing, and venous congestion. An emergency computed tomography scan revealed a thyroid mass extending into the upper mediastinum with displacement and compression of the right jugular vein and carotid artery and apparent adherence to the superior vena cava and left innominate vein.

Results

An emergency total thyroidectomy was performed by means of a sternotomy. The lower portion of the retrosternal goiter projected directly into the left innominate vein, with tumor floating in its lumen. Removal of the neoplastic thrombus was performed, through an incision in the vein, en bloc with the thyroid mass. Both goiter and thrombus were completely replaced by follicular carcinoma.

Conclusions

Accurate preoperative assessment through contrast-enhanced computed tomography is strongly suggested in the presence of enlarged thyroid gland extending into the mediastinum whenever angioinvasion is suspected. This could prevent blinded maneuvers such as digital externalization of the thoracic component of the gland, which can be fatal in cases of cervico-mediastinal goiter extending into great cervical or mediastinal veins.
Penile Mondor’s Syndrome after endovenous treatment of the great saphenous vein with 1470 nm diode laser
Authors: Zerweck Christof , Knittel Matthias , Zeller Thomas , Schwarz Thomas
Published: December 2013

We report a penile Mondor's disease after endovenous laser ablation with a 1470 nm diode laser of the great saphenous vein with additional foam sclerotherapy of distal tributaries. We administered body-weight adjusted full dose of low-molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) in a therapeutic dosage for 10 days. In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy with diclofenac-sodium 75 mg twice a day for the following five days was initiated. One month later, the patient reported no further discomfort or pain and the thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal penile vein had sonographically disappeared completely.
Procedural Justice in Prison
Authors: Beijersbergen Karin A. , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Molleman Toon , van der Laan Peter H. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: December 2013

A humane and fair treatment of prisoners is of intrinsic value in itself, and is generally acclaimed to reduce prisoners’ psychological distress and misconduct in prison, and their criminal behavior after release from prison. To create a more just prison climate, scholars have emphasized the importance of correctional staff. However, there is a lack of empirical research on the relationship between correctional officers’ characteristics and prisoners’ perceptions of a just treatment in prison. Our study fills this gap in knowledge. Data were used from (a) the Prison Project, a large-scale study in which prisoners held in all Dutch remand centers were surveyed ( n = 1,610) and (b) the Dutch Correctional Staff Survey 2011 ( n = 690). Multilevel analyses showed that prisoners perceived their treatment in prison as more procedurally just in units where there are more female officers, where officers held more positive attitudes toward rehabilitation, and where there is a higher officer-to-inmate ratio.