bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the mechanical behaviour of textile structures
Authors: Tarfaoui Mostapha , Akesbi Samir
Published: November 2002

The arrangement as well as the properties and the structure of the fibres within the yarn and the yarns within the fabric generate a complex mechanism of deformation in such material. Therefore, intends to develop a theoretical model of the mechanical behaviour of the twill weave based on previous researches concerning the simplest plain weave. However, scaling up from the plain to the twill weave is not a direct transformation due to the non‐symmetry of the latter. The finite element method does not require simplifying hypotheses. Thus, it is possible to simulate different stresses, to determine the fabric response and to compare the behaviour of the various structures. This simulation requires the use of a realistic meshing of the basic cell and an accurate characterisation of the physical parameters of the material that composes the basic cell. Assuming the material to be elastic, the derived and, consequently, the discreet mathematical formulations of the problem have both been solved. The coefficients from those formulas are then used in the Modulef software. For each stage of the development, uniaxial, biaxial and perpendicular to the fabric plan, tensile tests have been simulated, as well as pure shear testing. The next step consisted of computing the Tresca and Von Mises stresses within the basic cell and the micro‐stress field within the basic cell components.
Use of a knowledge base for studying the correlation between the constructional parameters of fabrics and properties of a fused panel
Authors: Jevšnik Simona , Geršak Jelka
Published: November 2002

The mechanical and physical properties of fusible interlinings and fabrics depend on their constructional parameters, but fused panel properties depend on all of them. A new approach is presented for analysing the dependence of the constructional parameters of fabrics on the properties of fused panels. This study was carried out on the basis of a knowledge base for predicting the formability of fused panels made from wool fabrics suitable for upper clothes. This knowledge base was constructed using program package RETIS for machine learning from examples. This knowledge was presented in the form of regression trees. Using regression trees it is possible to predict the properties of a fused panel as well as to analyse the influence of parameters on the properties of a fused panel. Furthermore the results of analysis gained by regression trees were compared and confirmed using experimental measurements.
Links between design, pattern development and fabric behaviours for clothes and technical textiles
Authors: Rödel Hartmut , Schenk Andrea , Herzberg Claudia , Krzywinski Sybille
Published: November 2002

Shows the necessity of developing powerful 3D CAD‐systems for the textile and clothing industry. The connection between 2D and 3D CAD‐systems enables the user to prepare a collection more quickly and accurately. Applications could be the drape behaviour of the fabric, the deformational behaviour of fabrics when covering defined surfaces and also technical textiles.
Study of the relationship between deformation of the thread and built‐in fibres
Authors: Rudolf Andreja , Geršak Jelka
Published: November 2002

Presents the study of the relationship between the deformation of the sewing thread and built‐in fibres as a consequence of a thread loading in the sewing process. The influence of the stitching speed and different twist numbers of PES thread on the alteration of the mechanical properties of the fibres twisted in the thread was studied for that purpose. On the basis of the received results it was found that with an increase in the number of the thread twist, the breaking tenacity and initial elasticity modulus of the fibres decrease, while the resulting deformation of the sewing thread between the sewing process was reflected as a decrease in the fineness and breaking extension of the fibres and as an increase in the value of the initial elasticity modulus of the fibres.
Crime and the design of residential property – exploring the perceptions of planning professionals, burglars and other users
Authors: Cozens Paul , Hillier David , Prescott Gwyn
Published: November 2002

The first paper, entitled “Crime and the design of residential property: exploring the theoretical background” (Property Management, Vol. 19 No. 2), has argued that “perceptions” and the “image” of housing designs remain a largely untested avenue of investigation in the design‐effects‐crime debate. Presents and discusses exploratory research into the perception of crime/deviancy, fear of crime and “defensible space”, in relation to a range of characteristic UK housing designs. This investigation concerns the perceptions of planning professionals, convicted burglars and other users and provides both qualitative and quantitative analysis of results from a series of interviews which presented slide representations of terraced, semi‐detached and detached housing designs in addition to low‐rise/walk‐up flats and high‐rise flats. Where possible, two contrasting versions of the same design were presented to probe the influence of “image” in the perception of crime and “defensible space”. The results from this exploratory investigation underpin Newman’s theory of “defensible space” in that a “hierarchy of place” appears to exist with regard to housing designs. However, the “image” of each design is perceived to be a significant contributing factor in relation to the criminogenic capacity of each design presented. Wilson and Kelling’s “Broken Windows” theory is also supported by these research findings.
Computational platform for non‐linear analysis/ optimal design of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Tabatabai S.M.R. , Mosalam K.M.
Published: November 2002

A system for optimum reinforcement design and non‐linear analysis of reinforced concrete structures is presented. The specially‐tailored program ORCHID (Optimum Reinforced Concrete Highly Interactive Dimensioning) is utilized for the reinforcement design and optimization. The commercially available program DIANA (DIsplacement ANAlyzer) is adopted for the non‐linear analysis and evaluation of the different reinforcement designs provided by ORCHID. It is demonstrated how the two programs intended to complete two separate tasks can be integrated in an environment for performance‐based reinforcement design ensuring cost‐effectiveness through optimization and structural safety through satisfying serviceability conditions. Examples of a one‐way slab in bending and a deep beam in membrane action, highlighting the specific aspects of such an integrated analysis/design environment, are provided.
Comparative crash simulations incorporating the results of sheet forming analyses
Authors: Lee S.‐H. , Han C.‐S. , Oh S.‐I. , Wriggers P.
Published: November 2002

To obtain more reliable crash simulations the history of the structure related to the forming process is considered. For this goal the variables defining the current state have to be transferred from one mesh to the other in order to maintain a consistent discretization of the whole structure consisting of several pre‐formed parts. This is accomplished here by remeshing the structure after the forming process and by transferring the current mechanical properties. In performing such a transfer a numerical error cannot be avoided; the results of this approach are therefore compared with computations in which this transfer is not applied to assess the performance of the presented procedure.
Finite element solution improved by full clamping element functions
Authors: Nikolic´ Zoeljana , Mihanovic´ Ante , Marovic´ Pavao
Published: November 2002

Presents a procedure for obtaining an improved finite element solution of boundary problems by estimating the principle of exact displacement method in the finite element technique. The displacement field is approximated by two types of functions: the shape functions satisfying the homogeneous differential equilibrium equation and the full clamping element functions as a particular solution of the differential equation between the nodes. The full clamping functions represent the solution of the full clamping state on finite elements. An improved numerical solution of displacements, strains, stresses and internal forces, not only at nodes but over the whole finite element, is obtained without an increase of the global basis, because the shape functions are orthogonal with the full clamping functions. This principle is generally applicable to different finite elements. The contribution of introducing two types of functions based on the principle of the exact displacement method is demonstrated in the solution procedure of frame structures and thin plates.
Error estimates and adaptive finite element methods
Authors: Mackerle Jaroslav
Published: November 2002

Gives a bibliographical review of the error estimates and adaptive finite element methods from the theoretical as well as the application point of view. The bibliography at the end contains 2,177 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the subjects that were published in 1990‐2000.
Pricing short leases and break clauses using simulation methodology
Authors: McAllister Patrick
Published: November 2002

This paper examines the changes in the length of commercial property leases over the last decade and presents an analysis of the consequent investment and occupational pricing implications for commercial property investments. It is argued that the pricing implications of a short lease to an investor are contingent upon the expected costs of the letting termination to the investor, the probability that the letting will be terminated and the volatility of rental values. The paper examines the key factors influencing these variables and presents a framework for incorporating their effects into pricing models. Approaches to their valuation derived from option pricing are critically assessed. Simulation methododology is applied to the rental and capital valuations of short leases and properties with break clauses. It is concluded that in addition to the rigour of its internal logic, the success of any methodology is predicated upon the accuracy of the inputs.
The negligent valuation of contaminated land?
Authors: Keeping Miles
Published: November 2002

There has been much discussion in the academic and practitioner press about the valuation of contaminated land. Most of this discussion has centred upon the various techniques that can be used to determine an “appropriate figure” and what the effect, if any, might be of contamination “stigma”. Despite a re‐emergence in recent times of papers discussing professional liabilities in other aspects of valuation practice (particularly concerning bank loan valuations), there has been little discussion about the possibility of negligence being committed by valuers of contaminated land. The professional body which represents most professional valuers in the UK, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) has issued guidance for the benefit of its members which attempts to clarify the complexities of law and valuation methodology which exist in this area. It has been suggested that due to the complex nature of the valuation of contaminated assets, as evidenced by the quantum of papers on this matter, many practising valuers might still not be discharging the professional duty to an adequate degree. This paper seeks to determine whether this is an accurate suggestion by verifying the existence and clarity of the guidance and then investigating both whether professional practitioners are familiar with it and implement it. Existing literature and case law are referred to in order to assist these tasks and a questionnaire survey to 400 practitioners was administered. The paper concludes that levels of valuers’ competence in this area, as measured against an objective standard, is often very low and that many valuers are possibly negligent when acting for clients with an interest in a potentially or actually contaminated site. Assessment and monitoring of professional competence in this area is recommended.
Effects of portfolio diversification on property investment company stock prices: 1983‐1994
Authors: Foo Sing Tien , Patel Kanak
Published: November 2002

Analyses the diversification effects of the portfolio holdings of ten selected listed property investment companies on the co‐movement of the stock prices for an 11‐year period from 1983 to 1994. The long‐term common trends in the sample securitized property companies are tested using the bivariate and the Johansen’s multivariate cointegration methodologies. The empirical evidence does not reject the hypothesis that prediction of the price variation of one stock based on the change in the price of another comparable stock is possible in the long term. Also, the price convergence process was not dependent on whether two companies are practising the same diversification and/or specialisation policies. However, there is evidence that companies with large portfolio holdings can influence the stock prices of property companies with smaller portfolio holdings. This implies that arbitraging the small stocks by reading the price movement of the large firms could give possible abnormal returns to the investor.
Offices with services or serviced offices? Exploring the valuation issues
Authors: McAllister Patrick
Published: November 2002

This paper explores the conceptual and methodological issues relating to the valuation and appraisal of commercial properties where revenue generated by the provision of additional services constitutes a significant proportion of the total income flow. The paper focuses on two main areas. First, the valuation and development of the serviced office model is discussed. Second, the implications of the growing interest of landlords in acting as access managers and suppliers to their tenants are considered. The US debate on business enterprise value and hotel appraisal is reviewed. It is concluded serviced offices owner occupiers have two main assets – the tangible property asset and intangible business asset(s) – which are symbiotically linked but separable. In order to appraise these interests valuers need to be able to value businesses and property since the income flows derived from service provision will have different drivers and risk profiles than pure property‐derived income flows.
How Europeans perceive Europe: a case study from Italy
Authors: Garcea Elena A.A.
Published: November 2002

A survey on European diversity has been developed and submitted to a group of 32 Italian employees with a university degree, aged in their late 20s to early 30s, from Eni, a largely national, but partly multinational, group of business organisations in the oil and gas market, based in Italy. The survey was administered as part of an activity aimed at exploring the European identity of relatively young professionals. There is an overview of opinions along with a list of responses to the specific questions of the survey.
Determinant factors of foreign direct investment: some empirical evidence
Authors: Galán José I. , González‐Benito Javier
Published: November 2002

This paper reports on an empirical study based on 103 Spanish companies which have conducted foreign direct investment (FDI). Built on the eclectic paradigm, it aims at finding out the main ownership, internalization and location factors which affect such internationalization processes. The results confirm the determinant importance of factors such as the existence of specific assets of an intangible nature. They also show that transaction costs and other questions related to knowledge transfer and accumulation are relevant in the choice of FDI over alternative forms of internationalization. Current and future markets and their expected growth are the key factors for selecting a destination. In general, this paper provides evidence that what is known about determinants of FDI seems to extend to Spanish multinationals today.
International monetary arrangements: the European Union and the euro
Authors: Beth Stanek Mary
Published: November 2002

Monetary unification within Europe appears to be on target. Eleven nations pegged their currency to the euro in 1999. The euro‐zone is experiencing varying levels of growth related to GDP. Balancing policy for 11 nations will be difficult. The true test will take place when asymmetric shocks hit one or several of the nations and unemployment rises to unmanageable levels forcing the European Union and European Central Bank to make tough decisions. Cultural issues and national identities are ever present. Optimum currency areas and comparative advantage discussed. The paper is divided into four major sections – reasons for unification, benefits, issues and conclusion.
Trade relationships between the Gulf Cooperation Council and the European Union
Authors: Metwally M.M. , Tamaschke Rick
Published: November 2002

This paper examines the trade relationship between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the European Union (EU). A simultaneous equation regression model is developed and estimated to assist with the analysis. The regression results, using both the two stage least squares (2SLS) and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation methods, reveal the existence of feedback effects between the two economic integrations. The results also show that during times of slack in oil prices, the GCC income from its investments overseas helped to finance its imports from the EU.
Legal foundations: prescription for emerging and transition economies
Authors: Groth John C. , Roberts Amanda A.
Published: November 2002

This paper examines the critical importance of specific legal foundations common to economies that have developed and now enjoy high standards of living. It explains the economic cycle and identifies the importance of a legal system to all types of capital and to the operation of the cycle to satisfy human need fulfillment. The paper also addresses how one economy’s lack of rudimentary legal foundations can contaminate or adversely affect extant economies, including well‐developed economies. It offers a prescription for legal elements essential to all economies that aspire to a “free market” and argues why leaders, policy makers, and providers of capital should promote and even insist on such foundations in emerging and transition economies. This paper should appeal to a broad array of individuals with an interest in the role of law in emerging and transition economies, including researchers, policy makers, strategists, and analysts.
The iterative theory‐building process: rationale, principles and evaluation
Authors: Kerssens‐van Drongelen Inge
Published: November 2002

Many methodology sources suggest that a researcher should in advance frame the research project and make a choice among these options and should subsequently stick to his or her frame and choice. In this article a different, more natural, research trajectory design is presented which is labelled the “iterative theory‐building process”. The main feature of this approach is that research questions may be changed over time based on material collected and that research strategies, data collection and analysis methods and tactics should fit the (changing) research questions and process phases. The rationale of this “iterative theory‐building process” is explained and the strategies that can be chosen from the research trajectory design are further discussed.
Balancing large scope and project manageability in a qualitative research design
Authors: Martinsuo Miia
Published: November 2002

Doctoral thesis research projects are often limited in their resources and time. Complex research topics and qualitative research designs often, however, call for a large scope. This article explores ways in which fairly large scope qualitative research designs can be made manageable in terms of effort and time, utilizing one PhD thesis methodology as an example.
Qualitative research requires quality concepts of its own
Authors: Stenbacka Caroline
Published: November 2002

This article consists of two parts, starting with a discussion about generally accepted quality concepts in research, criticising them from the qualitative perspective. The article concludes by suggesting alternative concepts to be used for securing quality when pursuing qualitative research.
Construction and triangulation: weaponry for attempts to create and test theory
Authors: Kekäle Tauno
Published: November 2002

One of the main criteria of any PhD thesis is that it must provide new knowledge – either new results in support of a theory, or point to a new theory. New theories, typically, are by their nature “possibly generalizable” – a starting point of research, rather than definite proof. In our everyday life, theories can just be invented. A PhD student, however, must in order to gain respect with fellow researchers for her proposed new scientific theories ground them in writing in logically sound arguments and evidence. Also, in grounded theory, the theory typically evolves during actual research in an iterative manner. This article presents the thoughts and experiences of one researcher on how to achieve these, by combining two methods, constructive research approach and triangulation, into a thesis that combines TQM and organizational culture.
Measurement or the semantics of numerical information
Authors: Stamper Ronald
Published: November 2002

It is unwise, though common practice, to base decisions on numerical values without knowing how they can be justified as correctly describing aspects of reality. Scientists have great responsibility in this regard, especially in the social sciences where it is easy to provide an appearance of rigour through the use of numbers and mathematical apparatus. We must be prepared to justify any numbers we use by clarifying the relationship between a numerical variable and a “real thing”. The article defines fundamental, explicit, scientific measurements and how they may be used in a meaningful way. It then considers instruments, in particular pointer measurements, that simulate these fundamental measurements. It concludes with a look at the validity of the resulting information.
Looking for good research in management – a publisher’s case study
Authors: Peters John , Howard Keith
Published: November 2002

Management is not a science. There are too many variables for it to be anything other than the exercise of contextual judgement in situations which are understood as well as possible by the protagonists. But the scholarly management community, including researchers, educators, publishers and consultancies, encourages a statistically‐driven research approach more suitable to hard science than a multivariate social science like management. We can, of course, measure very easily whether statistically‐driven research is statistically sound or not. But “statistically sound” does not equate to “good”. We tend to value what we can measure. But in research, like the rest of management practice, we need to learn to measure what we value. This article will be discussing the nature of “good” as applied to research in management, and addressing, as a case example, how a scholarly publisher is reacting to the challenge of promoting good research in management.
Qualitative case study research. The case of a PhD research project on organising and managing new product development systems
Authors: de Weerd‐Nederhof Petra C.
Published: November 2002

Discusses methodological aspects of case study research and qualitative data collection and analysis. Discusses the choice of a research strategy and data collection and analysis methods according to theory as well as the arguments which lead to qualitative case research. Suggests steps in research processes according to different authors and considers in more detail the theory and practice of each of these steps (case study design; preparing for data collection; conducting case studies; analysing data; and reporting). Concludes that carrying out qualitative case study research, in the author’s experience, is first and foremost a matter of learning by doing.
To put your cards on the table – collection of data through silent interviews
Authors: Österåker Maria
Published: November 2002

Recognises that often researchers really need interviewees to become informants rather than respondents, to tell stories rather than answer structured questions. Presents a technique to ensure that, when conducting research via face‐to‐face interviews, a true picture emerges. It may well be necessary to prompt the interviewee who, not used to the role of “informant”, may be less than forthcoming. The article discusses a method of prompting interviewees by introducing the major points the interview should cover but letting the interviewee move between them on their own terms.
A new model for monitoring intrusion based on Petri Nets
Authors: Arafat Ali H.
Published: November 2002

Computers and the information they process are critical to many organizations’ ability to perform their mission and business functions. It therefore makes sense that executives view computer security as a management issue and seek to protect their data which are stored in these computers. Presents a main objective of introducing a modeling design and verification of the monitoring part of common intrusion detection framework (CIDF) using Petri Nets. To enhance the security of a system by monitoring system activity and detecting a typical behavior, statistical unusual behavior must be found in the observation of the system. Such a monitoring system will be capable of detecting intrusion that could not be detected by any other means. These systems that do collect audit data are the only way to build a real secure system which is the most important part of the network. Presents a proposed model of the monitoring part of the CIDF based on Petri Nets modeling technique. Tests the proposed model using the Petri Nets properties.
Reuse of Web‐based resources in technology‐enhanced student‐centered learning environments
Authors: Ip Albert , Naidu Som
Published: November 2002

Educational resources are integral components of resource‐intensive technology‐enhanced and “student‐centered” learning environments. While resources on delivery formats such as CD‐ROMs are carefully selected, edited, reworked and presented for specific educational purposes, a lot of resources on the Web are not. Adopts the term “non‐educationally‐focused (NEF) resource” to refer to such resources. NEF resources may have the potential for educational use, but have not been identified for this purpose. Recognizes this subtle but significant difference between “educational resources” and “educational aspects of resources” among the plethora of information that can be found on the World Wide Web, and promotes the direct learner use and reuse of NEF resources. Urges those concerned with formulating metadata standards to recognize the notion of NEF resources and start the process of extending the standard to enabling the effective use and reuse of the richer NEF resources base on the World Wide Web.
An “autonomous reframing” tool for teachers as a model for reusability in Web‐based educational materials
Authors: Fleming Dan
Published: November 2002

Proposes a conceptual model for understanding the various “front” and “back” regions involved in Web‐based educational practices. In the process, a framework emerges for thinking about the relationship between reusability as a goal and the pedagogical representations involved in effective teaching and learning. It is proposed that a digraph‐based representational tool may be a useful way forward and a recent US patent is referred to as an example. The “autonomous reframing model” described is then related to other issues in contemporary debates about educational technology – in particular, the theory of affordance, the decision cycle model of interactivity and the need for “calm” technology.
Willower, the professor and UCEA
Authors: Forsyth Patrick B.
Published: November 2002

Describes Willower’s considered and valued role as a professor and reviews aspects of his career. Notes how Willower advocated bringing the work of the practitioner and the scholar closer together and the need to blend knowledge, values, and method. These characteristics contributed to Willower’s substantial role in the foundation and continuing development of the University Council for Educational Administration.
The pupil control studies. A historical, theoretical and empirical analysis
Authors: Hoy Wayne K.
Published: November 2002

The pupil control ideology (PCI) studies originated at The Pennsylvania State University under the direction of Professor Donald J. Willower. Describes the beginning and evolution of the PCI studies and the role of theory in their development. PCI inquiry is now in its fourth decade and the concept of pupil control ideology and its measure (PCI form) continue to be useful to researchers as they analyze behavior in school organizations.
The alleged demise of science: a critical inquest
Authors: Willower Donald J. , Uline Cynthia L.
Published: November 2002

Examines the alleged demise of science in terms of claimed difficulties including: the human limitations of scientists, that science seeks ultimate reality and universal truth, oversimplifies complexity, and accepts no standard external to itself. Also considers incommensurability, the theory ladeness issue, and the assumption of orderliness. Overall, there is little discussion of epistemological issues in the sense of exploring pros and cons, while the resurrection of positivism and its equation with science and “big tent” thinking that confers legitimacy on every interest group’s position regardless of its cogency, further degrades discourse. The naturalistic‐pragmatist perspective presented as an alternative sees scientific inquiry as an open, growing, fallible activity that has proven far superior to other methods of problem solving. Inquiry is also taken to be central to principled moral choice and to efforts aimed at improving people’s lives.
Counselor subculture in schools
Authors: Bunce Christine A. , Willower Donald J.
Published: November 2002

This exploratory study focuses on perceptions of school counselors about their work, its relationship to subcultures within the school, and how counselors believe other professionals within the culture of the school perceive their work. Explores the existence of a possible school counselor subculture and counselors’ role within the culture of the school and attempts to identify cultural constraints that affect counselors’ work. Concludes that understanding the interrelationships of school counselors with teachers, students, and administrators may provide better understanding of school culture, values, and norms.
Donald J. Willower
Authors: Ross Thomas A.
Published: November 2002

Reviews the extraordinary contribution made to educational administration by Donald J. Willower who died in January, 2000. During his 40 years at The Pennsylvania State University Willower made a profound contribution to the field in general and to the study of values, leadership, pupil control ideology, organisation theory, change, and methods of inquiry in particular. Willower was Distinguished Professor of Education for the closing decade of his career – an appropriate acknowledgment of his outstanding teaching, research, and professional service to the field. For 20 years he was a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of JEA.
Metadata for e‐commerce: the ONIX International standard
Authors: Medeiros Norm
Published: November 2002

The Online Information Exchange (ONIX) international standard is a collaborative project aimed at developing descriptive and administrative metadata for books. ONIX was first published in January 2000, and was a result of funding from the Association of American Publishers. It was conceived in order to provide Internet booksellers with rich, standardized data that could promote e‐commerce. The metadata initiative is currently in release 1.2, dated November 24, 2000, and is maintained cooperatively by three bodies: EDItEUR, an international group, which coordinates standards for electronic commerce; the Book Industry Communication, a London‐based organization charged with exploring electronic data interchange; and the Book Industry Study Group (http://www.bisg.org/), a non‐profit association stationed in New York, which develops technical standards for the book world.
The CORC experience: survey of founding libraries. Part I
Authors: Hsieh‐Yee Ingrid , Smith Michael
Published: November 2002

This survey, conducted in late 1999, found that CORC founding libraries shared a strong interest in controlling Internet resources and finding ways to catalog such resources quickly. Many cataloged in MARC. Although only a small number of them experimented with Dublin Core, many of them wanted to explore its potential for organizing Internet resources. Other metadata schemes were also used by some libraries. Overall, the founding libraries considered their CORC experience positive, but had several concerns. Their experience suggests that more work is needed to make fast, automated cataloging a reality. Since the findings of this study reflect experience with CORC at the developmental stage, the researchers proposed that CORC usage be monitored to identify trends in organizing Internet resources. A survey of CORC subscribers could be conducted to understand usage patterns and guide CORC’s development and improvement.
Are women better at organisational learning? An SME perspective
Authors: Martin Lynn
Published: November 2002

The study compared male and female owned and managed SMEs and the impact of gender on the organisational learning taking place in these firms. This explores how the learning process is managed and developed, which staff are drawn into the process and how the organisational memory is developed within female and male run organisations. The managers described their own management style and these views were compared with those of their staff. In the process, patterns of internal communication were identified within female managed firms which aid organisational learning; which were not found within male‐run firms. As a result it is argued that communication needed for organisational learning is facilitated by female management processes even when the women involved have adopted ’‘male” management role models due to pressures within their business sector, while external links and networking need to be developed to aid success in these organisations.
Software quality management and ISO 9000 implementation
Authors: Helio Yang Y.
Published: November 2002

The software industry has matured into a global business with software products and applications growing in number, complexity, and market importance. Global sourcing and software production and operations sharing are becoming the industry standard. At the same time, the marketplace has become less tolerant of poor‐quality products and hidden maintenance costs. Reviews various existing standards and frameworks and discusses the massive consolidation and coordination efforts currently ongoing for the purpose of developing international quality standards. Also proposes an eight‐step framework that puts all 29 clauses required by ISO 9001 for certification implementation in the software industry into clusters for more efficient management. Warns, however, that becoming ISO 9000 registered is only the first step to achieving consistent software quality.
Simulation integration in manufacturing system development: a study of Japanese industry
Authors: Holst Lars , Bolmsjö Gunnar
Published: November 2002

Focuses on the integrated use of simulation tools, particularly discrete‐event simulation, in the design and development of manufacturing systems in Japanese industry. The results are based on questionnaires and visits to seven large Japanese manufacturers and show that most of the visited companies do not use simulation to any large extent, particularly not discrete‐event simulation. Some of the reasons for this are general, while others are specific for Japan. However, the use of simulation is believed to increase in Japanese industry. Furthermore, argues that there is a large potential for increased use of advanced simulation techniques in Japanese manufacturing companies, mainly for two reasons. This would result in improved communication, reduced time‐to‐market and higher flexibility in volume and product‐mix.
TQM in Taiwan’s computer and its peripheral industry
Authors: Su Chao‐Ton , Chen Mu‐Chen , Cheng Guang‐Chih
Published: November 2002

Total quality management (TQM) has been widely brought into action to improve the business’s essence in industries. In Taiwan, the computer and its peripheral industry is becoming a real global business. Most of the companies are buying and selling goods and services all through the world’s business community. The current progress toward TQM is one of the most noteworthy changes in Taiwan’s computer and its peripheral industry. Uses questionnaires to survey the implementation issues of TQM in the computer and its peripheral industry in Taiwan. A total of 40 companies responded to the questionnaires in the survey. Observing the survey results, the quality performances of most Taiwan’s computer and its peripheral companies are still vulnerable. Meanwhile, the training programs of related quality management techniques need further conduct to improve the quality management system.
Using the Baldrige criteria for personal quality improvement
Authors: Vokurka Robert J.
Published: November 2002

The global competitive environment is increasing the competitiveness for individuals. Each of us needs to have our own individual quality program to increase our personal standards. A modified version of the Baldrige Award Criteria for Excellence is offered as a framework for individuals to use as a basis for personal improvement.
Supply chain management and the international dissemination of e‐commerce
Authors: Murillo Luis
Published: November 2002

Supply‐chain management, at least in the largest multi‐national corporations, is a global endeavor. It is undergoing a transformation caused by the worldwide spread of digital communications, and e‐commerce in particular. Hence, it is necessary to understand the development of e‐commerce and its future trends. This development is based on what is at times rather rapid advances generated or supported by the external environment with factors like institutions and electronic infrastructures. E‐commerce is rapidly spreading internationally, but by no means uniformly, across boundaries, or for that matter within countries. The great relevance of examining the international spread of e‐commerce is that most corporations actually source globally. The stages of e‐commerce evolution, from rather primitive incipiency to highly advanced B2B forms, are conditioned by factors which range from the availability of complementary assets to institutional considerations.
Using financial factors to investigate productivity: an empirical study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Liang‐Hsuan , Liaw Shu‐Yi , Shin Chen Yeong
Published: November 2002

Since a firm’s management performance can be evaluated in terms of financial ratios, efficient management using financial factors is proposed as the key element for upgrading a firm’s productivity. Investigates productivity in terms of certain financial factors of large‐scale manufacturing firms in Taiwan. First determines several influential financial factors using factor analysis. Based on these factors, employs fuzzy clustering approaches to categorize the manufacturing firms into several patterns with distinct characteristics of financial factors. Using the characteristics of productivity and financial factors for each pattern, makes two kinds of analysis, and proposes some suggestions to improve the firms’ productivity.
“New leadership” and university organisational effectiveness: exploring the relationship
Authors: Pounder James S.
Published: November 2002

“New leadership” studies often suggest that transformational leadership in particular produces desirable leadership outcomes. However, few studies have demonstrated a direct link between the exercise of a particular type of leadership and organisational effectiveness. Efforts to establish such a link are hampered by the absence of a generally agreed definition of organisational effectiveness. This is particularly true in higher education where attempts to develop models of organisational effectiveness applicable to universities have been sparse despite worldwide calls for universities to demonstrate “value for money” performance. This paper examines the relationship between transformational/transactional leadership and university organisational effectiveness. In the course of the examination, the paper indicates possible modifications to the original conceptualisation of transformational leadership. The paper also argues for university leadership that is self‐reflective and capable of utilising the array of leadership characteristics subsumed under the transformational and transactional leadership notions.
Sector level analysis of management development
Authors: Knox Linda , Gibb Stephen
Published: November 2002

Studies of management development (MD) can be pursued at company, sector or national levels. “Sector” studies of MD are quite rare, despite providing a potential natural “laboratory” in which a variety of approaches to MD can be studied. The research here was concerned with MD in local authorities (LAs). It is based on a survey of MD policies, methods and practices in Scottish LAs, supplemented by case studies of five LAs. The analysis of this particular sector demonstrates a variety of approaches to planning for and providing MD. These are discussed with reference to a typology of MD “rationales”. The broader issues of the usefulness of, and problems with, sector studies of this kind are considered. They do offer a potential “natural laboratory” for comparative analysis, useful for exploring theories about MD; but there are practical difficulties with combining the survey and case study analysis involved.
Slings and arrows of rudeness: incivility in the workplace
Authors: Johnson Pamela R. , Indvik Julie
Published: November 2002

Obnoxious behaviour has become endemic in the workplace. Some of the worst offences are: not turning off mobile phones in meetings; leaving a jammed printer, gossiping, and snapping at coworkers. Yet, it is this small stuff that relentlessly grinds down collegial working relationships. Incivility is at the low end of the continuum of workplace abuse. Workplace incivility is not violence or harassment or even open conflict, although it can build up to any of those things. Links between the work environment and indicators of employee loyalty, commitment, and productivity show this is not a “fluff” issue. In addition, a recent study on workplace incivility reveals that rude employees and managers can cost a company millions of dollars a year. This paper will look at a definition of incivility in the workplace, the causes of poor behaviour, the costs to organizations, and what employers can do to help.
High density interconnect substrates using multilayer thin film technology on laminate substrates (MCM‐SL/D)
Authors: Beyne Eric , Van Hoof Rita , Webers Tomas , Brebels Steven , Rossi Stéphanie , Lechleiter François , Di Ianni Marianna , Ostmann Andreas
Published: November 2002

A novel interconnect technology, introducing thin film on a laminate substrate base, is presented. A specially constructed laminate board is used as a substrate for the thin film build‐up process. The main characteristics of the laminate core substrate are the z‐axis electrical connections, the absence of holes in the substrate and the very flat nature of the top surface. As a result, the base substrate can be processed further in a thin film processing line. The manufacturing and properties of these substrates are discussed.
Construction and Real Estate NETwork (CORENET)
Authors: Foo Sing Tien , Zhong Qi
Published: November 2002

Construction and Real Estate NETwork (CORENET) is the flagship information technology (IT) project undertaken collaboratively by various government agencies of Singapore to improve the productivity and performance of the construction and real estate sectors. It is a comprehensive network system consisting of a series of IT systems and services that allows seamless and expedient exchange of information between relevant government agencies and parties involved in the construction and real estate industry. Provides an overview of the concept and services offered by CORENET, and then evaluates how this system could bring about changes to the real estate and construction industry in Singapore. Three areas of IT‐induced revolutions can be expected in the real estate and construction processes, if the CORENET system can be successfully implemented and accepted by users. First, compression of time and process is one of the possible outcomes that can be facilitated via the integrated platform of CORENET. Second, knowledge contents would receive growing attention from the prospective CORENET users. Third, reconfiguration of business concept and scope may take place, which may, as a result, lead to the emergence of a new business model and the creation of ample business opportunities for the CORENET users that possess the first‐mover advantage.
Cities in the developing world
Authors: Madon Shirin , Sahay Sundeep
Published: November 2002

Notes how rapid urbanization is transforming the developing world – creating cities, which on the one hand offer opportunities for global economic activity, but on the other hand are beset with serious local civic, economic and social problems. New networks based on information and communication technologies are increasingly being woven into the fabric of these cities supporting the connectedness of powerful groups both within the city and between cities around the world. These flows of global information and communication between powerful groups in the city involved in global economic activity coexist with intense face‐to‐face interactions at the local level. Bangalore in South India presents a major case study of this global/local interaction, being a focal point for software development in the Asian region and globally, but also beset with local problems of civic deficiencies, growing poverty and income inequality. Explores some of the issues which arise as Bangalore serves as a nexus that links global and local networks of exchange. Examines two Bangalore networks which typify global and local duality: the network of software firms located in high technology enclaves in and around the city, and the ostracised network of the slum dwellers of Bangalore, gradually being brought into mainstream discussions of governance in the city. Finds considerable similarities between global networks and local networks and outlines some of these dynamics.
“Airline Magazine Syndrome”
Authors: Ramiller Neil C.
Published: November 2002

While on a business flight, a CEO reads in an airline magazine about an information technology innovation that promises fabulous returns to the adopting corporation. Returning home, the CEO demands immediate action from the senior information systems executive. So goes a story current among systems practitioners. This tale of “Airline Magazine Syndrome” is analyzed here as an instance of narrative, through research informed by innovation theory and field interviews with business executives and systems practitioners. The analysis considers both how the story depends for its meaning on the sociotechnical context of innovation, and how that context is illuminated by the listener’s engagement with the story. “Airline Magazine Syndrome” is a kind of moral drama, in which misdeeds portend crisis and failure. As such, there are also lessons for a happier ending, in the domain of real practice, in which organizational innovation with information technology can have better prospects for success.