bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the pre-treatment of white sawdust (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process for the production of bioethanol
Authors: Tchuidjang Thierry Tchamba , Noubissié Eric , Ali Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The exploitation of our forests generates waste, amongst which sawdust produces approximately cubic meter per year. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the recovery process of this waste through the optimization of the pre-treatment stage of sawdust from Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve this objective, Ayous sawdust was sampled and then characterized, followed by the pre-treatment through organosolv process. During pre-treatment, a composite experimental design centred on three factors (temperature, time, ethanol concentration) was used to study their effects on extraction of pentoses, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Analysis shows that Ayous sawdust contains 45.33 ± 5.5% cellulose, 30.32 ± 1.95% lignin and 20.03 ± 3.5% hemicellulose. To release the maximum of pentoses, reducing sugars and the minimum of phenolic compounds, an organosolv pre-treatment of this substrate should be carried out at 209.08 °C for 47.60 min with an ethanol–water ratio of 24.02%. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence on the pre-treatment process whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure of Ayous sawdust.
Imunodeficiência comum variável: diagnóstico tardio em adulto com manifestação sinopulmonar
Authors: Silva Paula Scatolino , Motta Paloma Duarte , Do Nascimento Raphaela Fabri Viana , Dantas Sarah Teixeira , Raña Larissa Veiga , Depieri Jorge Henrique Fares , Campos Thereza Drummond , Moreira Fernanda Ferreira Bicalho , De Faria Leonardo Meira , Ferreira Lourenço Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de diagnóstico tardio de imunodeficiência comum variável, em paciente da terceira idade, com histórico de infecções sinopulmonares recorrentes. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente feminino, 63 anos, engenheira civil, portadora de bronquiectasia. Admitida com quadro de tosse produtiva e piora da dispneia basal iniciados há dois dias. À admissão, exames revelando anemia, leucocitose importante, plaquetose e proteína C reativa elevada. Histórico de infecções de vias aéreas de repetição de difícil tratamento. Iniciou-se investigação de possíveis causas da doença estrutural pulmonar (bronquiectasia): exames de eletroforese de proteínas com presença de hipogamaglobulinemia, além de baixa dosagem de IgA e IgM, confirmando a hipótese de imunodeficiência comum variável. Iniciado tratamento com imunoglobulina endovenosa. Recebeu alta hospitalar assintomática, com programação de seguimento ambulatorial e tratamento com imunoglobulinas a cada 28 dias. Não recorreu com infecção sinopulmonar no período de um ano após alta hospitalar. Considerações finais: A imunodeficiência deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com infecções sinopulmonares recorrentes. O diagnóstico precoce permite o tratamento imediato, diminuindo a morbidade e proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida.
Fatores atribuídos a assistência de enfermagem aos portadores da infecção pelo vírus do HIV/AIDS
Authors: Souza Jaberson de Melo , Feza Leidinalva Pedro , Vetorazo Jabneela Vieira Pereira
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Este estudo delineou compreender como é realizada a assistência de enfermagem e sua importância na atenção primária aos portadores da infecção pelo vírus do HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, qualitativa, realizada entre os meses de maio 2019 a junho 2020, nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (PUBMED), na Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), a partir da inclusão de artigos científicos disponíveis na íntegra, em livre acesso, publicados no período entre 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Foram encontrados 114 artigos nas bases de dados, excluídos 82 após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, selecionados 32 artigos para serem lidos na íntegra e, ao final, 21 estudos foram incluídos para serem analisados a fim de subsidiar a revisão de literatura. Considerações finais: Verificou-se que a enfermagem atua na assistência de saúde do paciente com infecção pelo HIV/AIDS de forma preventiva evitando disseminação da doença e visando promover a saúde, por meio de orientações, acolhimento, diagnóstico, aconselhamento e acompanhamento terapêutico. Porém, a prática ainda é fraca indicando a necessidade de apoio matricial e especializado.
A prática de terapias alternativas/complementares em adultos pós acidente vascular cerebral em hemisfério esquerdo: relato de experiência
Authors: Dezincourt Thainara Carina Almeida , Dezincourt Thaís Mara Silva , De Siqueira Jaciara Pereira , Do Nascimento Fabiane Corrêa , Dos Santos Karen Tavares , Pinto Lília Rocha , Da Silva Bruna Leal , Marinho Marlyara Vanessa Sampaio , De Aguiar Fabielle Pimentel , Ramos Eulália Cecilia Pantoja
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Descrever os benefícios das terapias alternativas/complementares em uma paciente com limitações pós-AVC. Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, conduzido com uma paciente cadastrada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) no município de Santarém-PA, nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2019. Como fonte de dados utilizou-se do prontuário disponibilizado pela enfermeira responsável pelo atendimento da paciente e os diálogos entre as seções de massoterapia para o levantamento de informações comportamentais, histórico familiar e psicológicas. Foram realizadas 13 visitas domiciliares, realizando-se a massoterapia como forma de auxilio no tratamento. Nesta experiência, notou-se que ocorreu o ganho de amplitude dos movimentos articulares, melhora na coordenação e aparente relaxamento da musculatura, além de um aumento da motivação, autoestima, bem como da reintegração das atividades de vida diárias e um melhor desempenho das terapias em junção com o tratamento fisioterapêutico e farmacológico. Considerações finais: Por meio das seções de massoterapia foi observado uma melhora progressiva da paciente, o que reforça que a utilização das terapias alternativas em auxílio com o tratamento fisioterapêutico e farmacológico beneficia os pacientes para sua melhor qualidade de vida.
Leucostase secundária a leucemia mieloide aguda, com manifestação de síndrome respiratória aguda: relato de caso
Authors: Da Silva Soraya Souto , Filho Wilson de Oliveira , Cruz Ketllyn de Oliveira , De Souza Bruna Lyandra Portela Sena , Araújo Gabriela Lopes
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de uma paciente diagnosticada em julho de 2019 com leucostase secundária a leucemia mieloide aguda, com manifestação de síndrome respiratória aguda. Detalhamento de caso: Paciente procedente de Manaus-AM, com 70 anos, apresentando um quadro de dor abdominal e desconforto torácico importante de início há três meses, procurando serviço de urgência por três vezes e sendo diagnosticada com fibrilação atrial. Constatada leucocitose importante (> 200.000) em exames em departamento de urgência. Internada para investigação diagnóstica. A paciente só obteve melhora do quadro clínico após a realização da citorredução com hidroxiureia, com diminuição da contagem de leucócitos para 50.000. Com isso, chegou-se ao diagnóstico clínico de leucostase, secundária a leucemia mieloide aguda, com comprometimento pulmonar importante e neurológico leve. Considerações finais: O acompanhamento desse caso permitiu observar a complexidade do quadro clínico desenvolvido pela paciente e a importância do diagnóstico precoce e instauração do tratamento adequado, evitando que os sintomas se agravassem ainda mais, colocando em risco a vida da paciente.
Repercussões emocionais em pacientes em seguimento oncológico: ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida
Authors: Da Silva Alyne Barbosa , Da Silva Heverton Valentim Colaço , De Barros Érika Neves
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em seguimento oncológico. Métodos: O respectivo estudo trata-se de um corte transversal, incluindo 246 pacientes que estão em seguimento oncológico. Utilizou-se questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e informações clínicas, acrescido dos instrumentos: Escala Hospitalar de Depressão e Ansiedade (HADS) e World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref). Resultados: A prevalência de ansiedade moderada a severa foi de 33,7% (IC 95%: 27,8 – 39,7) e de 13,4% (IC 95%: 9,1 – 17,7) para depressão moderada a severa.  A qualidade de vida teve escore médio de 68,52 pontos. Os pacientes, que apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade e depressão moderada a severa, tiveram uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida em todos os domínios. Conclusão: A significativa prevalência de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão nos pacientes em seguimento oncológico, repercute com prejuízo da qualidade de vida.
A Judicialização de leitos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: Uma visão sobre as notas técnicas do sistema NATJUS
Authors: Gomes Juliana Teixeira , Ghiraldelli Daniel , Gomes Luis Eduardo Miani
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a atuação do Núcleo de Apoio Técnico ao Judiciário (NATJUS) nos requerimentos de pareceres referente à solicitação de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo que utilizou dados secundários sobre o requerimento de parecer no sistema do Núcleo de Apoio Técnico do Poder Judiciário, referentes às solicitações de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva e cuja data de criação do parecer era referente ao ano de 2020. Resultados: Foram encontrados 104 pareceres com o descritor “unidade de terapia intensiva” no ano de 2020. Observou-se que as maiorias dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, e a média de idade era de 56 anos. Além disso, a maioria dos pareceres (76,92%) foi favorável às solicitações de internações, e o Estado de Tocantins foi o que mais solicitou pareceres ao núcleo de apoio técnico. Conclusão: Embora a judicialização se mostre crescente, observou-se baixo número de consultas dos Estados brasileiros diante das necessidades de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, e cujo parecer pode ofertar elementos técnicos e literários.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in coronavirus patient: A case report
Authors: de Oliveira Daniel Simões , Rímoli José Ragide Jamal , Valle Leonardo Guedes Moreira , Benini Barbara Burza , de Brito Siqueira Luiz Tenório
Published: March 2021

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be considered in all liver transplant candidates, in addition to being a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. In this case, we describe the management of a patient diagnosed with coronavirus with bleeding from varicose veins in an emergency situation with worsening of his lung function.
Servikal Mekanik İntermitant Traksiyonun Servikal Disk Hernili Hastalarda Klinik ve Fonksiyonel Durum Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ATICI Emine , TORLAK Mustafa Savaş
Published: March 2021

Giriş: Servikal disk hernisi yaygındır ve toplum için maliyetlidir. Fiziksel modaliteler genellikle boyun rehabilitasyon programlarına dahil edilir. Müdahaleler termal, elektroterapi, ultrason, mekanik traksiyon, lazer ve akupunkturu içerebilir. Servikal Disk Hernisi için mekanik aralıklı traksiyona ilişkin kesin bilgiler sınırlıdır. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, servikal disk hernisi tedavisinde konvansiyonel tedaviye ek olarak uygulanan mekanik intermittant traksiyonun ağrı, yaşam kalitesi, engellilik ve fonksiyonel durum üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya toplam 60 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışma grupları; sıcak paket (HP), transkutanöz elektriksel sinir stimülasyonu (TENS), ultrason (US) ve egzersiz (Grup 1, n=17), HP, TENS, US, traksiyon ve egzersiz tedavisi (Grup 2, n=22) ve sadece ev programı verilen (Grup 3, n=21) olarak belirlendi. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası hastaların ağrısı Visüel Analog Skalası (VAS), fonksiyonel durumu Northwick Park Boyun Ağrısı Anketi (NPBAA), sağlıkla ilişkili yaşam kalitesi Notthingham Sağlık Profili (NSP), engellilik durumu Boyun Ağrı ve Disabilite İndeksi (BADİ) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Fonksiyonel durum ve sağlıkla ilişkili yaşam kalitesi alt parametrelerinden duygusal reaksiyon açısından gruplar arası anlamlı fark bulundu (p
Entanglement measures
Authors: Horodecki Michal
Published: March 2021

Theory of quantifying entanglement is reviewed in a unified framework.
Entanglement of formation and concurrence
Authors: Wootters William K.
Published: March 2021

This paper reviews our current understanding of entanglement of formation and the related concept of concurrence, including discussions of additivity, the problem of finding explicit formulas, and connections between concurrence and other propertis of bipartite states.
Webcorner
Authors: Kok Peter
Published: March 2021

conferences, meetings, schools
Editorial Note
Authors: Wineland David , Cirac J. Ignacio , Jozsa Richard
Published: March 2021

Key words: entanglement, atomic ions, NMR, cavity-QED, quantum key distribution
Quantum information experiments with trapped ions: status and prospects
Authors: Sackett Charles
Published: March 2021

The current state of quantum information experiments using trapped ions is summarized. A brief review of the physics of ion traps is provided along with an explanation of methods used to realize quantum logic operations. Some recent applications of these operations are discussed, along with prospects for further development.
Proof of unconditional security of six-state quantum key distribution scheme
Authors: Lo Hoi-Kwong
Published: March 2021

We prove the unconditional sercurity of the standard six-state scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD).
Bell inequalities and entanglement
Authors: Werner R , Wolf M
Published: March 2021

We discuss general Bell inequalities for bipartite and multipartite systems, emphasizing the connection with convex geometry on the mathematical side, and the communication aspects on the physical side. Known results on families of generalized Bell inequalities are summarized. We investigate maximal violations of Bell inequalities as well as states not violating (certain) Bell inequalities. Finally, we discuss the relation between Bell inequality violations and entanglement properties currently discussed in quantum information theory.
Decomposing finite Abelian groups
Authors: Cheung K , Mosca M
Published: March 2021

This paper describes a quantum algorithm for efficiently decomposing finite Abelian groups into a product of cyclic groups. Such a decomposition is needed in order to apply the Abelian hidden subgroup algorithm. Such a decomposition (assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis) also leads to an efficient algorithm for computing class numbers (known to be at least as difficult as factoring).
Optimal quantum measurements for spin-1 and spin-3/2 particles
Authors: Aravind P
Published: March 2021

Positive operator valued measures (POVMs) are presented that allow an unknown pure state of a spin-1 particle to be determined with optimal fidelity when 2 to 5 copies of that state are available. Optimal POVMs are also presented for a spin-3/2 particle when 2 or 3 copies of the unknown state are available. Although these POVMs are optimal they are not always minimal, indicating that there is room for improvement.
On using quantum protocols to detect traffic analysis
Authors: Steinwandt R , Janzing D , Beth T
Published: March 2021

We consider the problem of detecting whether an attacker measures the amount of traffic sent over a communication channel--possibly without extracting information about the transmitted data. A basic approach for designing a quantum protocol for detecting a perpetual traffic analysis of this kind is described.
Distillability criterion for all bipartite Gaussian states
Authors: Giedke G , Duan L-M , Cirac I , Zoller P
Published: March 2021

We prove that all inseparable Gaussian states of two modes can be distilled into maximally entangled pure states by local operations. Using this result we show that a bipartite Gaussian state of arbitrarily many modes can be distilled if and only if its partial transpose is not positive.
Aridity In Senior Citizens
Authors: Harshada Ragunathan  , Krithika C  , Divya G  , Nishanthi L  , Priya Ramani  , Gayathri P S
Published: March 2021

Hyposalivation contributes to several health problems. It can produce serious adverse effects on one's quality of life. The prevalence of dry mouth increases with age, and approximately 30% of those aged 60 years and old are being affected. Ageing and medication are the salient causes of hyposalivation / Xerostomia. The study aims to analyse the salivary flow rate of senior citizens by a questionnaire method & to confirm through clinical evaluation. The objective of the study is to show the importance of clinical evaluation of the oral cavity in estimating the salivary flow. The study was conducted among 40 senior citizens of age 60 & above. The assessment of dry mouth was done by questioner method and by collecting unstimulated saliva. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, and chi-square test was performed. It showed that patients who believed that they were pretty fine also had hyposalivation clinically. 57.5% of total participants had less salivary flow rate. Also, 67.5% of participants showed oral manifestation of periodontitis with 7.5% mirror stick appearance. 32.5% of participants had dry-mouth out of which most of them were females and had no drug history. Even though there are many signs and symptoms for oral dryness, clinical evaluation always stands first in diagnosis. Patient under drug therapy and elderly patient's routine dental checkup can help them to know about their dental and general health status.
Phytochemical analysis, total flavonoid, total phenolic contents and ferric reducing power of extracts from leaves and stem bark of Buddleja salviifolia
Authors: Matamane R.P. , Magama S. , Pillai M.K. , Mekbib S.B.
Published: March 2021

Chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts from leaves and stem bark of Buddleja
salviifolia were prepared. The phytochemical profiles, total flavonoid contents (TFC),
total phenolic contents (TPC) and ferric reducing power of these extracts were studied.
The presence of alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, sterols, flavonoids,
coumarins, phenolics, terpenoids, quinones and reducing sugars were identified from these
extracts. The TFC of these extracts was found to be in the range of 11.36±0.98 to
30.76±1.15 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The TPC of these extracts was found to be in the
range of 175.00±0.41 to 465.27±2.65 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. Additionally, these
extracts showed a weak to moderate ferric reducing power compared to ascorbic acid. B.
salviifolia finds therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Further studies are
required to commercialize products from this plant.
Novel practice to produce safe and healthy dry fish using irradiated chitosan coating
Authors: Rahman M.L. , Barua R. , Jubayer A.A. , Islam J.M.M. , Kamal A.H.M. , Ali M. , Hossain M.S. , Rahaman M.S. , Rahaman M.S. , Hossain M.A. , Huque R. , Khan M.A.
Published: March 2021

In Bangladesh, dry fishes are mostly produced by drying in an open environment under
sunlight, and so the producers are forced to use insecticides and fungicides to prevent
microbial and blowfly infestation. That is why dry fishes are often contaminated with
residual insecticides and fungicides, which cause a severe threat to human health. In this
experiment, gamma radiation treated chitosan solution was used while drying the fishes,
and the effect was evaluated. Experimental results suggested that chitosan coating did not
hinder the drying process but improved the quality of the produces. Chitosan coating was
found as a repellant of blowflies as well. Besides, it also prevented microbial
contamination. The nutritional value of the produced dry fishes was examined and found
very satisfactory. Overall results suggested that the application of irradiated chitosan can
be a very suitable and cost-effective way to produce safe and healthy dry fishes.
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging activity of extracts from roots and leaves of Searsia burchellii
Authors: Mpopo M.S. , Pillai M.K. , Mekbib S.B.
Published: March 2021

Searsia burchellii finds therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. Methanolic
extracts, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol/water fractions of methanolic
extracts and water extracts were obtained separately from the roots and leaves of Searsia
burchellii by the combination of maceration, hot solvent extraction and solvent-solvent
partition techniques. These extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging assay (DPPH). The extracts from roots and
their fractions showed radical scavenging activity ranging from 6.60±4.50 to 63.27±1.93%
at various concentrations. Similarly, the extracts from leaves and their fractions showed
radical scavenging activity ranging from 3.32±0.95 to 64.91±0.15% at various
concentrations. Ascorbic acid served as positive control which showed radical scavenging
activity ranging from 53.62±2.80 to 60.82±0.62% at various concentrations. The IC50
values of these extracts and fractions were found to be < 200 to > 3000 µg/mL. The IC50
value of ascorbic acid was found to be <200 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that
extracts and their fractions from S. burchellii showed promising radical scavenging
activity.
Responding to Superdiversity Whilst Upholding Te Tiriti O Waitangi: Challenges for Early Childhood Teacher Education in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Chan Angel , Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Ko tēnei te wā…. Te Tiriti o Waitangi education, teacher education, and early childhood care and education
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Civic action and play: examples from Maori, Aboriginal Australian and Latino communities.
Authors: Ritchie Jenny , Adair Jennifer , Phillips Louise , Sachdeva Shubhi
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Young children’s citizenship membership and participation: comparing discourses in early childhood curricula of Australia, New Zealand and the United States
Authors: Phillips LG , Ritchie Jenny , Adair JK
Published: March 2021

© 2018, © 2018 British Association for International and Comparative Education. Recognition of young children as citizens is relatively new in sociology, with translation emerging into education. Discourses of children and childhood shape ideas of young children as citizens and national discourses of citizenship frame what civic participation can be. The authors analysed national early childhood education curricula frameworks of Australia, New Zealand and the United States to understand how discourses authorise constructions of children as citizens and opportunities for young children’s civic participation. They sought to locate how children are positioned as citizens and what opportunities there are for young children’s citizenship participation in national early childhood curricula documents of Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Illustrative examples of children’s citizenship membership and participation from the three nations’ early childhood curricula were critically read to locate how prevalent discourses of children, childhood and citizenship in each nation define children as citizens and shape possibilities for citizenship participation for young children.
Qualities for early childhood care and education in an age of increasing superdiversity and decreasing biodiversity
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. In this article it is argued that notions of ‘quality’ in early childhood education have been captured by neo-liberal discourses. These discourses perpetuate the western, individualistic, normativising and exploitative attitudes and practices that are contributing to the climate crisis currently imperilling our planet. Educators may inadvertently perpetuate this situation, or they can instead consciously challenge this dominant culture, opening up spaces of divergence. Via a sequence of short scenarios or stories based within the early childhood care and education context of Aotearoa (New Zealand), readers are invited to consider alternative conceptualisations, drawing on post-humanist and Indigenous theorising, which focus on fostering dispositional qualities that holistically engage intra-actively with(in) children’s worlds.
Parents, participation, partnership: Problematising New Zealand early childhood care and education.
Authors: Chan A , Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. This article interrogates notions of teacher ‘partnership with parents’ within early childhood care and education settings in the context of Aotearoa (New Zealand). Te Whāriki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum, clearly positions children’s learning and development as being fostered when their families’ cultures and practices are recognised. Yet findings from both national evaluative reports and recent studies indicate that, in many instances, families that are not members of the dominant cultural group do not experience this synergy. The authors draw on some recent national evaluative reports to paint a broad picture of the implementation of ‘partnership’, and then employ illustrative data from several research projects regarding the inclusion of Māori and Chinese families respectively. The authors apply hybridity theory, along with the related idea of funds of knowledge, to reinforce the need for teachers to proactively move beyond the hegemonic safe zones of traditional teacher-dominated practices towards opening up spaces of dialogic, fluid engagement with families whose backgrounds differ from their own. This aspect of teachers’ professional responsibility is particularly important in the current era of increasing superdiversity.
Food reciprocity and sustainability in ECCE in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Early childhood education in the outdoors in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Alcock Sophie , Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

© 2018, Outdoor Education Australia. Early childhood care and education services in Aotearoa New Zealand drew initially on the Fröbelian model of the kindergarten or ‘children’s garden’. Later models such as the Kōhanga Reo movement, the highly respected curriculum Te Whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa, and the Enviroschools programme are grounded in te ao Māori, Māori worldviews, that feature a strong connectedness to place, and a deep sense of a spiritual inter-relationship with the land, mountains, rivers, and oceans. This article considers how the imported Scandinavian/European/UK models of ‘forest schools’ might fit within this context. To illustrate early childhood education in the outdoors in Aotearoa (New Zealand) we draw upon research conducted in early childhood settings in this country that illuminates children’s experience in the outdoors. We draw upon critical early childhood scholarship to theorise this situation of forest schools emerging in Aotearoa, along with influences from the forest school movement evident in existing New Zealand early childhood services. The article suggests that traditional Indigenous Māori worldviews and knowledges give meaning and contextualised authenticity to ‘forest schools’ approaches in early childhood education in Aotearoa (New Zealand).
Diverse complexities, complex diversities: Resisting 'normal science' in pedagogical and research methodologies. A perspective from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Ritchie Jenny
Published: March 2021

This paper offers an overview of complexities of the contexts for education in Aotearoa, which include the need to recognise and include Māori (Indigenous) perspectives, but also to extend this inclusion to the context of increasing ethnic diversity. These complexities include the situation of worsening disparities between rich and poor which disproportionately position Māori and those from Pacific Island backgrounds in situations of poverty. It then offers a brief critique of government policies before providing some examples of models that resist 'normal science' categorisations. These include: the Māori values underpinning the effective teachers' profile of the Kotahitanga project and of the Māori assessment model for early childhood education; the dispositions identified in a Samoan model for assessing young children's learning; and the approach developed for assessing Māori children's literacy and numeracy within schools where Māori language is the medium of instruction. These models all position learning within culturally relevant frames that are grounded in non-Western onto-epistemologies which include spiritual, cultural, and collective aspirations.
A Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Flexible Convolutional Autoencoder for Image Classification
Authors: Sun Y , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie , Yen GG
Published: March 2021

© 2012 IEEE. Convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) have shown their remarkable performance in stacking to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classifying image data during the past several years. However, they are unable to construct the state-of-the-art CNNs due to their intrinsic architectures. In this regard, we propose a flexible CAE (FCAE) by eliminating the constraints on the numbers of convolutional layers and pooling layers from the traditional CAE. We also design an architecture discovery method by exploiting particle swarm optimization, which is capable of automatically searching for the optimal architectures of the proposed FCAE with much less computational resource and without any manual intervention. We test the proposed approach on four extensively used image classification data sets. Experimental results show that our proposed approach in this paper significantly outperforms the peer competitors including the state-of-the-art algorithms.

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Self-Adaptive particle swarm optimization for large-scale feature selection in classification
Authors: Xue Y , Xue Bing , Zl M
Published: March 2021

© 2019 Association for Computing Machinery. Many evolutionary computation (EC) methods have been used to solve feature selection problems and they perform well on most small-scale feature selection problems. However, as the dimensionality of feature selection problems increases, the solution space increases exponentially. Meanwhile, there are more irrelevant features than relevant features in datasets, which leads to many local optima in the huge solution space. Therefore, the existing EC methods still suffer from the problem of stagnation in local optima on large-scale feature selection problems. Furthermore, large-scale feature selection problems with different datasets may have different properties. Thus, it may be of low performance to solve different large-scale feature selection problems with an existing EC method that has only one candidate solution generation strategy (CSGS). In addition, it is time-consuming to fnd a suitable EC method and corresponding suitable parameter values for a given largescale feature selection problem if we want to solve it effectively and efciently. In this article, we propose a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization (SaPSO) algorithm for feature selection, particularly for largescale feature selection. First, an encoding scheme for the feature selection problem is employed in the SaPSO. Second, three important issues related to self-adaptive algorithms are investigated. After that, the SaPSO algorithm with a typical self-adaptive mechanism is proposed. The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the solution size obtained by the SaPSO algorithm is smaller than its EC counterparts on all datasets. The SaPSO algorithm performs better than its non-EC and EC counterparts in terms of classifcation accuracy not only on most training sets but also on most test sets. Furthermore, as the dimensionality of the feature selection problem increases, the advantages of SaPSO become more prominent. This highlights that the SaPSO algorithm is suitable for solving feature selection problems, particularly large-scale feature selection problems.

© Xue 2019. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in 'ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data', https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3340848.
Fashioning a future. Part I: Settlement, improvement and conservation in the European colonisation of Otago, 1840–60
Authors: Beattie James
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Ball Throwing Machine Design To Develop Footballers’ Technical Attributes
Authors: ARSLAN Cemile , ARSLAN Mustafa , YALÇIN Gökhan , KAPLAN Turgut , KAHRAMANLI Humar
Published: March 2021

For a football player to perform well in football, it is necessary to improve his technical and tactical skills. Improving these skills is enabled with repetition of the same positions that the football player has the ball. The repetitions of these same positions can be performed with the aid of a machine. In this study, a football throwing machine design which can provide direction and velocity for the ball in a repeatable and controllable manner is generated in order for fully educational evaluation. Ball loading canister on the ball throwing machine enabled to use many balls. There are a couple of ball throwing wheels both are made of polyurethane material and have concave surface. These wheels are mounted on a body for axial rotation on a common ground. Each wheel’s rotation speed can be adjusted individually. In order to determine horizontal-vertical direction of movement of the ball, two linear actuator are used. Ball’s velocity, direction, orbit and throwing laps are controlled electronically. All controls concerning ball throwing are carried out via Delta PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and HMI (Human Machine Interface) panel. A user interface is developed for controls made via PLC. Owing to interface, different training plans are designed by handler or trainer via operator panel and footballer is provided to train in various density. In order to prevent toppling tripod system, and to carry easily a towing arm is used. Machine can work with an accumulator or feed directly from grid circuit.
Numerical Study on Solidification of Phase Change Materials Embedded with Metal Foam
Authors: ASKER Mustafa , GENCELİ Hadi
Published: March 2021

This work investigates the solidification of phase change material (PCM) embedded with metal foam (MF) in a spherical capsule which its outer layer is exposed to convective heat transfer. The one-dimensional energy equation is resolved by performing finite volume method accompanied with temperature transforming technique. Four separate scenarios are developed for different porosity value of MF in order to analyze the thermal behavior of composite PCM with MF. The numerical model is validated by experimental data taken from the literature and substantially good agreement is demonstrated. The results show that at the case where the porosity ε =0.92, the elapsed time for complete solidification is decreases by 88% compared to the case without MF (ε =1.0).
Design and Thermal Analysis of High Power LED Light
Authors: SÜMER Yavuz , KARAMAN Onur , KARAMAN Ceren
Published: March 2021

In the development of lighting technologies, light emitting diode (LED) technology plays an important role due to its high efficiency. LED lightening is the future of indoor and outdoor illumination solutions that all around of the world there is a widespread transition to save energy and have better quality illumination via LED-based solutions. On other hand, cooling of high power LED is crucial factor to utilize LED in high performance. In addition, finned heat sink could not be efficient based on the its geometry and usage areas due to the powder, the rain and the muds effects. In this study, an un-finned heat sink LED armature consisting of aluminum sheet metal was designed using a computer-aided-design (CAD) program. Furthermore, manufacturing of the heat sinks from sheet metal plates with bending machines enables to increase variety of LED armatures cheaply according to design requirements. Then, the thermal analysis of the system was conducted for the case of natural heat convection under different electrical powers and ambient temperatures by a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) program: SolidWorks Simulation. As a result of the thermal analysis, the ultimate heat sink sizes were obtained to minimize junction temperature of LED. Finally, the experimental studies were carried out to verify the feasibility of numerical solutions that they were in good agreement.
TELENCEPHALON VASCULARITY IN DOG (Canis lupus f. familiaris)
Authors: Kirkiłło-Stacewicz Krzysztof , Nowicki Włodzimierz , Wach Jan
Published: March 2021

The studies of the vascularization of the cerebrum in dog were performed on 80 cerebral hemispheres. It was found that the middle cerebral artery is the strongest vessel supplying blood to the cerebrum. The artery gets divided into ten permanent branches. Two olfactory arteries supply the region of the cerebrum located on the border between the old and the new cortex. The other eight supply the region of the new cortex: three branches aiming at the frontal lobe, two branches at the parietal lobe and three temporal branches aiming at temporal area. The frontal, parietal and temporal branches descended independently from the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery or formed a common trunk. Common trunks for respective groups of branches have been described as the rostral, dorsal and caudal middle cerebral artery. In 2.5% of cases there were two independent branches of the middle cerebral artery extending from the rostral cerebral artery.Key words: brain arteries; dog; vascularity; variability OŽILJENOST TELENCEFALONA PRI PSIH (Canis lupus f. familiaris)Izvleček: : Študije ožiljenosti možganov pri pseh so bile izvedene na 80 možganskih poloblah. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je srednja možganska arterija najmočnejša žila, ki dovaja kri v možgane. Arterija se razdeli na deset stalnih vej. Dve vohalni arteriji napajata predel možganov, ki se nahaja na meji med staro in novo možgansko skorjo. Ostalih osem arterij oskrbuje področje nove skorje: tri veje, ki potekajo do prednjega režnja, dve veji, ki potekata v parietalni reženj in tri temporalne veje, usmerjene v temporalno področje. Čelne, parietalne in temporalne veje so se razvejale neodvisno od glavnega debla srednje možganske arterije, ali pa so tvorile skupno deblo. Običajna debla za posamezne skupine vej so opisana kot rostralna, dorzalna in kavdalna srednja možganska arterija. V 2,5 odstotkih primerov sta obstajali dve neodvisni veji srednje možganske arterije, ki izhajata iz rostralne možganske arterije.Ključne besede: možganske arterije; pes; ožiljenost; raznolikost
Documentary On-Line Exhibitions of the Central State Archives of Ukraine as a Way to Commemorate the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pivovar Efim I. , Kosovan Elena A. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article deals with virtual exhibition activities of the central state archival institutions of Ukraine associated with the anniversary of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. The authors acknowledge that archives are an important institute of memory for Ukraine, and therefore they attempt to assess the impact of the official Ukrainian historical and political policy on the exhibition activities in the central state archives, using on-line exhibitions dedicated to the anniversary of the Victory of 1945 as an example. The Great Patriotic War is one of the most contradictory elements of the Ukrainian national historical narrative and one of the most conflictogenic elements in the Ukrainian historical policy (in the so called “wars of memory”), hence the choice of the topic. The authors have studied the webpages of the archives’ official sites, their structure, design, and content. They focused on the digests of on-line exhibitions, i.e. texts located on the home page of the archive, which reveal theme, concept, purpose, and objectives of the exhibition. The authors have tried to identify the patterns in using the concepts of the 1941–45 events, assuming that vocabulary and definitions contain most important information on the influence of the official historical and political policy on the work of archival institutions. The authors have also studied the thematic design of on-line exhibitions, in particular, the military symbols used in web design. The research has showed that the concept of the Great Patriotic War was persistently changed to the concept of World War II in all five exhibitions, although some sections of the exhibitions featured both. The article notes that design of at least two exhibitions used the European symbol for victory over Nazism: red poppy instead of red carnation and St. George’s ribbon usually used in the USSR. Use of the poppy image and substitution of concept of the Great Patriotic War with non-synonymous concept of the World War II is a shining example of the influence of Ukrainian state historical and political policy on the work of archives. The researchers argue that it is impossible to deny the significant influence of the controversial official Ukrainian historical and political narrative on the nature of the expositions. However, in general, the exhibitions are characterised by moderate political engagement, demonstrating a certain scientific independence of the Ukrainian state archives.
Professional Сrime in the Kursk Gubernia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century: Materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region
Authors:   South-West State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, Zarubina Kristina A. , Sheveleva Svetlana V. ,   South-West State University, Kursk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The study of regional aspects of crime in the pre-revolutionary period allows us to form a holistic view on the development of such socially dangerous criminal phenomenon as professional crime in Russia. Recent changes in Russian criminal law (2019–20), that are to protect the society from professional crime, have made studying the issue more significant. There is a gap in scientific knowledge of regional aspects of professional crime of the past. The scholarship either addresses the issue on the large scale (that of Russia as a whole), or focuses on big cities (Moscow, St. Petersburg). The article presents an analysis of the formation and development of professional crime based on the materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region (fond 32 of the Kursk district court), reflecting the development of ordinary crime in the Kursk gubernia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The choice of territorial framework is due to the fact that the Kursk gubernia was a typical region of the European part of Russia in the specified time period. There is little research on the topic, and most archival materials have been studied and introduced into scientific use for the first time. A whole complex of criminal cases considered by the Kursk district court (criminal division) in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century has been identified and analyzed. Methodological basis of the research is analysis and generalization of special literature and scientific publications; study of archival materials using historical-comparative, historical-genetic, and historical- systematic methods. It has been concluded that professional crime in the Kursk gubernia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century was focused on agriculture, since the region's economy had a pronounced agricultural specificity. The most popular criminal craft was horse theft; it was pursued in organized groups, where all roles were distributed among the gang robbers. Often they were assisted by horsedealers who were their only channel for selling stolen horses. There also were cases of counterfeiting, theft of hand luggage and clothing, and group theft in form of robbery (pickpocketing and brigandage were less common). Pickpockets had in their stock in trade for committing theft. They had special knowledge and practice-oriented skills for stealing money and other values from hand luggage or clothing of their victims and for avoiding criminal prosecution. The authors’ conclusions broaden our knowledge on the issue and are of interest to historians, lawyers, and sociologists.
1918: “Zero” German Armed Intervention of the Russian Don
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Morozova Olga M.
Published: March 2021

The internal situation in the Don region in 1918, during the intervention of armed units of the Austrian and German armies, has been overshadowed in the scholarship by two key phenomena: fates of the Volunteer Movement and formation of the quasi-state, All-Great Don Host. It is important to reconstruct the events that took place in the Don towns and villages in May–November 1918. Historical sources are scattered throughout archives and libraries. The author has used fonds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the State Archive of the Rostov Region, and the Center for Documentation on the Contemporary History of the Rostov Region. Austrian and German units that appeared on the borders of the Don region in early May 1918 engaged in combat only with the Red Army detachments. Cossacks and foreign troops fought together from the very beginning. In future, the German administration strove to organize uninterrupted supplies of industrial raw materials and products, food and fodder from the Don territory. In order to do this, the Germans occupied key control points and transport communications in the Western part of the region. A double government was introduced in the villages: alongside atamans there appeared German commandants. Re-election of Ataman P. N. Krasnov in August 1918 was ensured by the Germans; his most influential opponents were neutralized; censorship for the press was introduced. The Germans held a neutral position towards Russian officers and the Volunteer Army. The experience of intervention in the South of Russia influenced the fate of Germany, as German soldiers received a practical lesson in revolutionary action. Presence of the Central Powers’ troops in Russia forced the Entente countries to intervene more actively in the affairs of their former ally. Germany assumed that successful results of the armistice on the Eastern Front could be replicated on the Western Front.