bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrous oxide emissions and productivity of irrigated potato: Effects of nitrogen fertilization options
Authors: Thilakarathna Shakila K. , Konschuh Michele , Woods Shelley A. , Hernandez‐Ramirez Guillermo
Published: September 2022

Improved N management is needed in intensive agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions while sustaining high yields. We assessed the effectiveness of polymer‐coated urea (PCU); nitrification inhibitor 2,4‐dimethylpyrazol succinic acid (DMPSA), a biostimulant; and their combinations with granular urea and ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) fertilizers to reduce N2O emissions and to improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) productivity under irrigation. Sites were located in Lethbridge and Brooks, Alberta, Canada over two growing seasons. Tuber yield, grade, specific gravity, and N uptake were quantified. We used the chamber method to measure N2O fluxes from potato hills and furrows. The N2O emissions from furrow positions were at least two‐fold greater than those from hills at the Lethbridge site. Peak N2O emissions and increased N concentrations in potato petiole and soils occurred shortly after fertilizer applications. The overall average emission factor (EF) of N2O was 0.056% kg N2O–N kg−1 N fertilizer (accounting for emissions from unfertilized controls). Urea alone commonly exhibited the highest N2O fluxes. Admixing DMPSA with either urea or ASN lowered N2O emissions in only certain cases. For instance, in one growing season at the Brooks site, adding DMPSA to urea reduced the N2O emissions by 57%. Likewise, in one of the four site‐years in the study, 36% higher potato marketable yields were obtained when applying either ASN treated with DMPSA or PCU compared with the unfertilized controls (45 vs. 33 Mg ha−1). Results showed that under specific conditions, N application strategies using DMPSA admixed with either urea or ASN can maintain high potato yields while reducing N2O emissions relative to soils receiving these fertilizers without this additive.
Ocular manifestations among patients with congenital insensitivity to pain due to variants in PRDM12 and SCN9A genes
Authors: Elsana Baker , Imtirat Ahed , Yagev Ronit , Gradstein Libe , Majdalani Pierre , Iny Oren , Parvari Ruti , Tsumi Erez
Published: September 2022

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a group of rare genetic disorders with a common characteristic of absent sensation to nociceptive pain. Here we present a series of six patients; three had a novel variant in the PRDM12 gene (group A), and three had a missense variant in the SCN9A gene (group B). We compared the ocular manifestations between the two groups. Records of these patients from 2009 through 2018 were reviewed. The retrieved data included demographics, genetic analysis results, ocular history and ophthalmic findings including visual acuity, corneal sensitivity, tear production, ocular surface findings, cycloplegic refraction, and fundoscopy. We found that patients with PRDM12 variant had more severe manifestations of ocular surface disease, with more prevalent corneal opacities and worse visual acuity, compared to patients with SCN9A variant.
Plasma metabolites associated with cognitive function across race/ethnicities affirming the importance of healthy nutrition
Authors: Granot‐Hershkovitz Einat , He Shan , Bressler Jan , Yu Bing , Tarraf Wassim , Rebholz Casey M. , Cai Jianwen , Chan Queenie , Garcia Tanya P. , Mosley Thomas , Kristal Bruce S. , DeCarli Charles , Fornage Myriam , Chen Guo‐Chong , Qi Qibin , Kaplan Robert , González Hector M. , Sofer Tamar
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We studied the replication and generalization of previously identified metabolites potentially associated with global cognitive function in multiple race/ethnicities and assessed the contribution of diet to these associations.

Methods

We tested metabolite‐cognitive function associations in U.S.A. Hispanic/Latino adults (n = 2222) from the Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and in European (n = 1365) and African (n = 478) Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study. We applied Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to assess causal associations between the metabolites and cognitive function and between Mediterranean diet and cognitive function.

Results

Six metabolites were consistently associated with lower global cognitive function across all studies. Of these, four were sugar‐related (e.g., ribitol). MR analyses provided weak evidence for a potential causal effect of ribitol on cognitive function and bi‐directional effects of cognitive performance on diet.

Discussion

Several diet‐related metabolites were associated with global cognitive function across studies with different race/ethnicities.

Highlights

Metabolites associated with cognitive function in Puerto Rican adults were recently identified.

We demonstrate the generalizability of these associations across diverse race/ethnicities.

Most identified metabolites are related to sugars.

Mendelian Randomization (MR) provides weak evidence for a causal effect of ribitol on cognitive function.

Beta‐cryptoxanthin and other metabolites highlight the importance of a healthy diet.
Prehospital advanced airway management of emergency medical service‐witnessed traumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients: analysis of nationwide trauma registry
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Suga Masafumi , Nakao Atsunori , Ishihara Satoshi , Naito Hiromichi
Published: September 2022

Aim

Survival of traumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is poor. Early use of advanced airway management (AAM) techniques, including endotracheal intubation and supraglottic devices, are expected to contribute to the improved survival of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether prehospital use of AAM improves the outcomes for emergency medical service (EMS)‐witnessed traumatic OHCA.

Methods

A nationwide retrospective study was carried out. Trauma patients with EMS‐witnessed cardiac arrest who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport were included. Patients younger than 16 years and those with missing data were excluded. We compared two groups using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was survival to discharge. The secondary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on hospital arrival. A logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Results

After propensity score matching, 1,346 patients were enrolled (AAM 673 versus non‐AAM 673). Forty‐four AAM cases (6.5%) and 39 non‐AAM cases (5.8%) survived. Logistic regression analysis did not show a contribution of AAM for survival to discharge (AAM 44/673 (6.5%), non‐AAM 39/673 (5.8%); OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.70–1.76; P = 0.64). However, AAM improved ROSC on admission (AAM 141/673 (21.0%), non‐AAM 77/673 (11.4%); OR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.51–2.78; P < 0.001). This tendency was consistent throughout our subgroup analysis categorized by body region of the severe injury (head trauma, torso trauma, and extremity/spine trauma).

Conclusions

Prehospital AAM among EMS‐witnessed traumatic OHCA patients was not associated with survival to discharge; however, ROSC on hospital admission improved for the AAM patients.
Fluorescence Imaging in Second Near‐infrared Window: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Liang Weijun , He Shuqing , Wu Si
Published: September 2022

Fluorescence imaging is a noninvasive technique that affords real‐time fast feedback, high sensitivity, and harmless radiation and is thus effective in visualizing the anatomy and function of organs. Recently, second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging emerged as a popular imaging technique for both fundamental research and clinical practice, with strong potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. It affords a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and high spatial and temporal resolutions for the imaging of deep tissue owing to reduced scattering, minimal absorption, and negligible autofluorescence. Herein, the performance and advancement of fluorophores for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging are summarized. Further, the challenges to the NIR‐II fluorophores in terms of emission wavelengths, quantum yields, stability, targeting, and biocompatibility are discussed. Finally, perspective on the current development and the orientation for future studies on NIR‐II imaging, such as dual‐mode imaging, multiplexed imaging, surgical navigation, integrated diagnosis and treatment, and biosensing are discussed.
Biopolymer‐based sachets enriched with acorn shell extracts produced by ultrasound‐assisted extraction for active packaging
Authors: Rincón Esther , Bautista Juana M. , Espinosa Eduardo , Serrano Luis
Published: September 2022

Acorn shell residue is valorized for the efficient obtention of antioxidant extracts by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and applied in the development of biopolymer‐based films, studying its influence in different matrices for the subsequent preparation of emitting sachets for active food packaging. The effect of increasing extract addition on the physical, mechanical, optical, and antioxidant properties of biopolymer films is studied. It is observed that the water resistance increases with increasing amounts of extract in PVA films and from 5% extract in chitosan films. Furthermore, 3% extract in both types of matrices increases the UV‐light blocking capacity (up to 97%). Considering the mechanical performance, not weakening of the structure is observed because of the extract addition. Films possess radical scavenging activity against DPPH with the incremental amounts of extract. Moreover, acorn shell extract as active additive in biopolymer‐based sachets demonstrates an effective delay of soybean oil oxidation during 10 days of storage.
Nanophytosomes of hesperidin and of hesperetin: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Omidfar Fatemeh , Gheybi Fatemeh , Davoodi Javid , Amirinejad Mostafa , Badiee Ali
Published: September 2022

Hesperidin and hesperetin are two important plant flavanones abundantly found in citrus fruit. They have discovered many biological activities to treat diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite their various benefits, they have poor solubility, which reduces their bioavailability and absorption. In this study, nanophytosomes have been utilized to improve their payload's solubility and bioavailability. In the current study, hesperetin or hesperidin was complexed with Phospholipon 90G with a 2:1 or 3:1 molar ratio, respectively. The formation of associations between active compounds and phospholipid were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Dynamic light scattering data show that the prepared associations in the presence of body fluids can make nanoparticles in the range of 200–250 nm. In addition, oral administration demonstrated thatCmaxof hesperidin and hesperetin was increased (up to four times) after complexation with the lipid. It is concluded that phospholipid association may be used as a suitable and straightforward strategy to improve therapeutic activities of hesperidin and hesperetin by increasing their solubility and bioavailability.
Recent Advances in Cyanobacterial Biotransformations
Authors: Malihan‐Yap Lenny , Grimm Hanna C. , Kourist Robert
Published: September 2022

Light‐driven biotransformations in recombinant cyanobacteria have been explored in recent years for the production of chiral compounds and platform chemicals. In particular, cyanobacteria harboring oxidoreductases proved to be sustainable hosts providing and recycling reducing equivalents and improving the atom economy of the reactions. However, the provision of light in photobioreactors is considered to be the major bottleneck for up‐scaling. In this review, genetic tools for generating recombinant cyanobacterial strains and up to date cyanobacterial biotransformations including redesigning of the photosynthetic electron transport chain to increase specific activities are presented. Finally, several photobioreactor geometries to circumvent the light limitation are discussed and some future perspectives are presented.
Government accounting in Canada: A special issue
Authors: Baker Ron
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces a special issue on government accounting in Canada. Accounting for the public sector has undergone a significant change over the past 2 decades, much of which can be attributed to the rise of New Public Management (NPM). In the post‐NPM era, research on the role of accounting in the management of public sector organizations and the delivery of government programs and services is essential to understanding and improving government accounting practices and reports. This collection of articles illustrates the richness of this area of study and highlights the need for further research.
Cellular dissociation grading on biopsies of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma provides prognostic information across all stages and is congruent with resection specimen grading
Authors: Jesinghaus Moritz , Boxberg Melanie , Schmitt Maxime , Kriegsmann Mark , Harms Alexander , Lang Corinna , Muley Thomas , Winter Hauke , Kriegsmann Katharina , Warth Arne , Stenzinger Albrecht , Denkert Carsten , Hoffmann Hans , Safi Seyer , Weichert Wilko
Published: September 2022

Grading of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) based on tumour budding and cell nest size has been termed cellular dissociation grading (CDG) and was suggested as a robust outcome predictor when assessed in biopsies and resections of various extrapulmonary SCCs. In pulmonary SCC (pSCC), this has so far been shown only for resected cancers. As most lung cancers are inoperable, it is of utmost importance to clarify whether the prognostic impact of CDG is retained in the biopsy setting. Two independent pSCC biopsy cohorts from Munich (n = 134, non‐resected) and Heidelberg (n = 135, resected) were assessed. Tumour budding and cell nest size measures were assembled into the three‐tiered CDG system (G1–G3). Data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall‐ (OS), disease‐specific‐ (DSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). Interobserver variability and concordance between biopsy and resection specimen were also investigated. CDG was highly congruent between biopsy and resection specimens (κ = 0.77, p < 0.001). In both pSCC cohorts, biopsy‐derived CDG strongly impacted on OS, DSS, and DFS (e.g. DFS: p < 0.001). In multivariate survival analyses, CDG remained a stage independent predictor of survival in both cohorts (DFS: p < 0.001 respectively; hazard ratio Munich cohort: CDG‐G2: 4.31, CDG‐G3; 5.14; Heidelberg cohort: CDG‐G2: 5.87, CDG‐G3: 9.07). Interobserver agreement for CDG was almost perfect (κ = 0.84, p < 0.001). We conclude that assessment of CDG based on tumour budding and cell nest size is feasible on pSCC biopsies and harbours stage independent prognostic information in resectable as well as non‐resectable pSCC. Integration of this grading approach into clinicopathological routine should be considered.
How External Electric Field Modulates the Rotation Energy Profiles of Dipolar Dopants Inside C70: A Theoretical Interpretation with Electrostatic Shielding Effect Incorporated
Authors: Peng Xinru , Chen Li , Dang Jingshuang , Wang Changwei , Mo Yirong
Published: September 2022

Endohedral fullerenes, which can switch between distinct states with different geometries when triggered by external electric fields (EFs), can be used as logical devices at the molecular scale. However, the movement of electrons around fullerenes exerts an electrostatic shielding effect which alleviates the Coulomb force experienced by endohedral dopants, and thus must be properly evaluated for better elucidating the switching mechanism. Here we introduced new components to the energy decomposition scheme based on the block‐localized wavefunction method (i. e., BLW‐ED), to incorporate the shielding effect explicitly. We analyzed the external EF‐driven rotation of enclosed dipolar molecules inside C70 and evaluated the magnitudes of shielding in terms of the gradients of electrostatic potential and energy. In the absence of external EF, intrinsic rotational barriers are dominated by the Pauli exchange repulsion between enclosed molecules and C70. When an external EF was applied, computations showed that only about 18% of external EFs can penetrate into the cage and interact with dipolar molecules. Thus, the shielding effect dramatically reduces the energy contribution originated from the interaction between endohedral dopants and external EFs. BLW‐ED analyses were further performed to inspect the effect of external EFs on the potential energy surfaces associated with the molecular rotation processes. Indeed, the interaction between penetrated EFs and enclosed molecules can still govern the orientational preferences of dipolar molecules and lower the rotational barrier for some dipolar molecules. But for other molecules, both the intrinsic electrostatic interaction and the Pauli repulsion respond to external EFs more sensitively and rule the changes of barrier heights and orientational preferences.
Pharmacogenomic Testing and Depressive Symptom Remission: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Brown Lisa C. , Stanton Joseph D. , Bharthi Kanika , Maruf Abdullah Al , Müller Daniel J. , Bousman Chad A.
Published: September 2022

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing has emerged as a compelling strategy that clinicians can use to inform antidepressant medication selection and dosing, but the clinical efficacy of this strategy has been questioned. We systematically reviewed and meta‐analyzed clinical trials for an association between the use of PGx‐guided antidepressant therapy and depressive symptom remission in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We included prospective, controlled clinical trials published in English up to July 12, 2022. Data extraction and synthesis adhered to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Each trial was assessed for risk of bias and a random‐effects model was used to estimate pooled risk ratios. Thirteen trials comprising 4,767 patients were analyzed, including 10 randomized controlled trials, and three open label trials. Across all included trials, those that received PGx‐guided antidepressant therapy (n = 2,395) were 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.74, P = 0.001) more likely to achieve remission compared with those that received unguided antidepressant therapy (n = 2,372). Pooled risk ratios for randomized controlled trials and open label trials were 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13–1.88) and 1.26 (95% CI = 0.84–1.88), respectively. These results suggest that PGx‐guided antidepressant therapy is associated with a modest but significant increase in depressive symptom remission in adults with MDD. Efforts to address the heterogeneity in PGx test composition (i.e., genes and alleles tested) and accompanying prescribing recommendations across trials will likely reduce the uncertainty about the efficacy of PGx‐guided antidepressant therapy in the literature.
Evaluation of Glutaminolysis in T Cells
Authors: Tajima Masaki , Strober Warren
Published: September 2022

The activity of living cells is necessarily dependent on the amount of available bioenergy. In T cells, the latter is mainly derived from ATP, a molecular energy “coin” generated by one of several metabolic processes that differ in their ability to satisfy energy demand. Thus, whereas naïve or quiescent T cells efficiently utilize oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, T cells subjected to antigenic stimulation followed by clonal expansion and cytokine production meet their increased need for energy by supplementing ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation with ATP generation by glycolysis. Yet additional need for ATP can be met by other basic biologic sources of energy such as glutamine, an amino acid that is metabolized through a process called glutaminolysis to result in end products that flows into the TCA cycle and augment ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. It is now possible to track the dominant energy supplying processes (i.e., the ATP generation process) in differentiating or activated T cells in a real‐time manner. Here, we provide one element of such tracking by describing protocols for the assessment of the contribution of glutaminolysis to overall ATP production within different T cell subsets. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Evaluation of the role of glutaminolysis during T cell activation/differentiation

Basic Protocol 2: Evaluation of the role of glutaminolysis in T cell responses utilizing glutaminolysis inhibitors

Basic Protocol 3: Evaluation of the effect of glutaminolysis on cellular oxidative phosphorylation/glycolysis
Stability: Concept, relevance, inducing and maintaining it
Authors: Sahni Kanika
Published: September 2022

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease resulting in destruction of melanocytes which leads to depigmented patches on the skin. An assessment of disease activity and/or stability is important for many reasons, one of them being planning surgical intervention. Though there are sufficient studies in the literature exploring the clinical, biochemical, and molecular predictors of disease stability, there still exists ambiguity in many of these aspects. There are no longitudinal prospective cohort studies to assess the course of vitiligo and it is difficult to predict the status of stability of the disease with certainty. This review focuses on the clinical features which can help a clinician judge whether the disease is progressive in a patient being planned for surgical intervention. Subsequently, there is also a discussion on tools including ultraviolet light photography, imaging software, and dermoscopy in accurately assessing the stability of disease. This is followed by a review of the literature on the biochemical, serological, microscopic, and ultrastructural findings in active versus static disease. The review ends with interventions for inducing and maintaining stability in this enigmatic disease.
Characteristics and long‐term survival of patients with left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Demir Emre , Bayraktaroğlu Selen , Çinkooğlu Akın , Candemir Aytaç , Candemir Yeşim B. , Öztürk Rıza O. , Dadaş Ömer F. , Orman Mehmet N. , Zoghi Mehdi , Akıllı Azem , Ceylan Naim , Gürgün Cemil , Nalbantgil Sanem
Published: September 2022

Aims

Left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a poorly understood entity resulting in heart failure. Whether it is a distinct form of cardiomyopathy or an anatomical phenotype is a subject of discussion. The current diagnosis is based on morphologic findings by comparing the compacted to non‐compacted myocardium. The study aimed to compare demographic and prognostic variables of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and LVNC. Emphasis was given to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging analysis. Data on survival were also assessed.

Methods and results

We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of 262 non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients with LVNC and DCM phenotypes. Petersen's CMR criteria of non‐compacted to the compacted myocardial ratio 2.3 were used to diagnose LVNC. The primary endpoint was a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events comprising cardiovascular‐related death, left ventricular assisted device implantation, or heart transplantation. A total of 262 patients with CMR data were included in the study. One hundred fifty‐five patients who fulfilled CMR criteria were diagnosed as LVNC. CMR findings revealed that LVNC patients had higher left ventricular end‐diastolic (137.2 ± 51.6, 116.8 ± 44.6, P = 0.002) and systolic volume index (98.4 ± 49.5, 85.9 ± 42.7, P = 0.049). Cardiac haemodynamics, cardiac output (5.61 ± 2.03, 4.96 ± 1.83; P = 0.010), stroke volume (73.9 ± 28.8, 65.1 ± 25.1; P = 0.013), and cardiac index (2.85 ± 1.0, 2.37 ± 0.72; P < 0.0001), were higher in LVNC patients. Of all the 249 patients, 102 (40.9%) patients demonstrated late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). According to Petersen's criteria, the Kaplan–Meier survival outcome did not reveal significant differences (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.89–2.63], P = 0.11). The presence or pattern of LGE did not show significant importance for endpoint‐free survival. Most of the sub‐epicardial LGE pattern was found in LVNC patients (94.4%). When receiver operator characteristics analysis was applied to NC/C ratio to discriminate the primary endpoint, a higher NC/C ratio of 2.57 was associated with adverse events (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: [1.12–3.24], P = 0.016).

Conclusions

Our study questions the criteria being used for the diagnosis of LVNC. Further evaluation of CMR variables and association of these findings with demographic variables and survival is mandatory.
Heart failure during the COVID‐19 pandemic: clinical, diagnostic, management, and organizational dilemmas
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Metra Marco , Collins Sean P. , Adamo Marianna , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Antohi Laura E. , Ben Gal Tuvia , Farmakis Dimitrios , Gustafsson Finn , Hill Loreena , Lopatin Yuri , Tramonte Francesco , Lyon Alexander , Masip Josep , Miro Oscar , Moura Brenda , Mullens Wilfried , Radu Razvan I. , Abdelhamid Magdy , Anker Stefan , Chioncel Ovidiu
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) infection pandemic has affected the care of patients with heart failure (HF). Several consensus documents describe the appropriate diagnostic algorithm and treatment approach for patients with HF and associated COVID‐19 infection. However, few questions about the mechanisms by which COVID can exacerbate HF in patients with high‐risk (Stage B) or symptomatic HF (Stage C) remain unanswered. Therefore, the type of HF occurring during infection is poorly investigated. The diagnostic differentiation and management should be focused on the identification of the HF phenotype, underlying causes, and subsequent tailored therapy. In this framework, the relationship existing between COVID and onset of acute decompensated HF, isolated right HF, and cardiogenic shock is questioned, and the specific management is mainly based on local hospital organization rather than a standardized model. Similarly, some specific populations such as advanced HF, heart transplant, patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or valve disease remain under investigated. In this systematic review, we examine recent advances regarding the relationships between HF and COVID‐19 pandemic with respect to epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, and differential diagnosis. Also, according to the recent HF guidelines definition, we highlight different clinical profile identification, pointing out the main concerns in understudied HF populations.
Theory of plastic mechanism control: A new approach for the optimization of seismic resistant steel frames
Authors: Montuori Rosario , Nastri Elide , Piluso Vincenzo
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an important improvement in seismic design of structures based on the application of the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control (TPMC). TPMC was originally proposed in the ‘90s requiring an iterative algorithm and upgraded in 2015 leading to the so‐called closed form solution. In the recent years, TPMC has shown its value as an effective design procedure which can be applied to any structural typology. Moreover, it has been used as a code competitor design tool in important RFCS founded research projects confirming its effectiveness, simplicity, and suitability to any structural typology. The aim of the TPMC is the design of structures able to exhibit at collapse a global type mechanism. The TPMC was originally based on the extension of the kinematic theorem of plastic collapse to the concept of mechanism equilibrium curve, working in the plane (being α the multiplier of the seismic forces and δ the top sway displacement). The novelty of this work is improvement of the design procedure by working in the plane, being θ the plastic rotation. This new TPMC approach, namely TPMC(θ), has demonstrated to be as reliable as the former approach, thus leading to structures able to develop a collapse mechanism of global type but with the optimization of the structure using lighter columns. The effectiveness of the new procedure has been confirmed by both pushover and dynamic non‐linear analyses.
Integrated energy generation and storage systems for low‐power device applications
Authors: Kansal Sakshi , Priya Surbhi , Porwal Shivam , Chandra Amreesh , Singh Trilok
Published: September 2022

The growing demand for alternative renewable sources of energy apart from conventional fossil fuels gathered attention for exploring solar, wind, tidal geothermal energy, etc. However, the intermittent energy supply constraint the full‐fledged utilization of these energy sources and hence, to address this issue, a new technique of integrated energy generation and storage systems (IEGSSs) is extensively explored. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the ongoing research on various IEGSSs, and their different integration techniques constituting solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. This article also highlighted certain challenges faced by the IEGSSs which restrict their full‐fledged application. Finally, some prospects that can flourish their utilization in the field of various portable devices, wearables, off‐grid electrification, and IoT sensors for smart cities are discussed.
Steatosis, HBV‐related HCC, cirrhosis, and HBsAg seroclearance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Xianhua , Cheung Ka Shing , Peng Chengzhi , Mak Lung‐Yi , Cheng Ho Ming , Fung James , Peleg Noam , Leung Howard H.‐W. , Kumar Rajneesh , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Shlomai Amir , Yuen Man‐Fung , Seto Wai‐Kay
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:

NAFLD and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are common etiologies of HCC. The impact of hepatic steatosis on HCC in CHB, as well as its relationship with the development of cirrhosis, fibrosis, and HBsAg seroclearance, remains controversial.

Approach and Results:

Data from observational studies were collected through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to February 1, 2022. Outcomes of interest included the association of hepatic steatosis with HCC, cirrhosis, advanced fibrosis, and HBsAg seroclearance, expressed in terms of pooled ORs. Additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of findings. A total of 34 studies with 68,268 patients with CHB were included. Hepatic steatosis was associated with higher odds of HCC (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.12–2.26; I
2 = 72.5%), with the association remaining consistent in Asia (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08–2.25), studies with a median follow‐up duration of ≥5 years (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.57–5.08), exclusion of alcohol use (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01–2.91), and biopsy‐proven steatosis (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.61–5.06), although no significant association was noted among nucleos(t)ide analogue–treated patients (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.62–1.77). Steatosis was associated with the development of cirrhosis (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07–2.16; I
2 = 0%) and HBsAg seroclearance (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.58–3.10; I
2 = 49.0%).

Conclusions:

Hepatic steatosis was associated with an increased risk of HCC and cirrhosis among patients with CHB but with a higher chance of achieving a functional cure, highlighting the importance of identifying concomitant steatosis in CHB.
Vasor: Accurate prediction of variant effects for amino acid substitutions in multidrug resistance protein 3
Authors: Behrendt Annika , Golchin Pegah , König Filip , Mulnaes Daniel , Stalke Amelie , Dröge Carola , Keitel Verena , Gohlke Holger
Published: September 2022

The phosphatidylcholine floppase multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3) is an essential hepatobiliary transport protein. MDR3 dysfunction is associated with various liver diseases, ranging from severe progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis to transient forms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and familial gallstone disease. Single amino acid substitutions are often found as causative of dysfunction, but identifying the substitution effect in in vitro studies is time and cost intensive. We developed variant assessor of MDR3 (Vasor), a machine learning‐based model to classify novel MDR3 missense variants into the categories benign or pathogenic. Vasor was trained on the largest data set to date that is specific for benign and pathogenic variants of MDR3 and uses general predictors, namely Evolutionary Models of Variant Effects (EVE), EVmutation, PolyPhen‐2, I‐Mutant2.0, MUpro, MAESTRO, and PON‐P2 along with other variant properties, such as half‐sphere exposure and posttranslational modification site, as input. Vasor consistently outperformed the integrated general predictors and the external prediction tool MutPred2, leading to the current best prediction performance for MDR3 single‐site missense variants (on an external test set: F1‐score, 0.90; Matthew's correlation coefficient, 0.80). Furthermore, Vasor predictions cover the entire sequence space of MDR3. Vasor is accessible as a webserver at https://cpclab.uni‐duesseldorf.de/mdr3_predictor/ for users to rapidly obtain prediction results and a visualization of the substitution site within the MDR3 structure. The MDR3‐specific prediction tool Vasor can provide reliable predictions of single‐site amino acid substitutions, giving users a fast way to initially assess whether a variant is benign or pathogenic.
The introduction of a value‐based reimbursement programme—Alignment and resistance among healthcare providers
Authors: Eriksson Thérèse , Levin Lars‐Åke , Nedlund Ann‐Charlotte
Published: September 2022

Reimbursement programmes are used to manage care through financial incentives. However, their effects are mixed and the programmes can motivate behaviour that goes against professional values. Value‐based reimbursement programmes may better align professional values with financial incentives. The aim of this study is to analyse if and how healthcare providers adapt their practices to a value‐based reimbursement programme that combines bundled payment with performance‐based payment. Forty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with representatives from healthcare providers within spine surgery in Sweden. Data were analysed using thematic analysis with an abductive approach and a conceptual framework based on neo‐institutional theory. Healthcare providers were positive to the idea of a value‐based reimbursement programme. However, during its introduction it became evident that some aspects were easier to adapt to than others. The bundled payment provided a more comprehensive picture of the patients' needs but to an increased administrative burden. Due to the financial impact of the bundled payment, healthcare providers tried to decrease the amount of post‐discharge care. The performance‐based payment was appreciated. However, the lack of financial impact and transparency in how the payment was calculated caused providers to neglect it. Healthcare providers adapted their practices to, but also resisted aspects of the value‐based reimbursement programme. Resistance was mainly caused by lack of understanding of how to interpret and act on new information. Providers had to face unfamiliar situations, which they did not know how to handle. Better IT‐facilitation and clearer definition of related care is needed to strengthen the value‐based reimbursement programme among healthcare providers. A value‐based reimbursement programme seems to better align professional values with financial incentives.
An invisible man, a double agent, and a five‐tool player: Three issues for the Chief Restructuring Officer in Korean corporate reorganization procedures
Authors: Chung Jae Yup , Lee Byoung Kyu
Published: September 2022

The Chief Restructuring Officer (CRO) system in Korea was introduced in 2011 after the Debtor Reorganization Act adopted the Debtor‐in‐Possession (DIP) system in 2006. However, the introduction of the CRO system in Korea, which was based on the American system, was problematic due to the lack of legal grounds, the vagueness of its legal status, and the complexity of its roles. This article explores the emerging issues related to the status and roles of a CRO in the Korean corporate‐reorganization procedure. Three major issues are analyzed: lack of legal ground and its codification (“Invisible Man”), the dual legal status of being a debtor's adviser and creditors' protector (“Double Agent”), and the expansion of the CRO's roles (“Five‐Tool Players”). This research also sketches the legal landscape of corporate reorganization practice in Korea. It provides some possible suggestions to foster the chances for debtor rehabilitation through improved operation of the CRO system.
Identification of circulating biomarkers of Crohn's disease and spondyloarthritis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Prada Pierre , Brunel Benjamin , Moulin David , Rouillon Lise , Netter Patrick , Loeuille Damien , Slimano Florian , Bouche Olivier , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Jouzeau Jean‐Yves , Piot Olivier
Published: September 2022

Crohn's disease (CD) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are two inflammatory diseases sharing many common features (genetic polymorphism, armamentarium). Both diseases lack diagnostic markers of certainty. While the diagnosis of CD is made by a combination of clinical, and biological criteria, the diagnosis of SpA may take several years to be confirmed. Based on the hypothesis that CD and SpA alter the biochemical profile of plasma, the objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical capability of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in identifying spectral biomarkers. Plasma from 104 patients was analyzed. After data processing of the spectra by Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction and linear discriminant analysis, we demonstrated that it was possible to distinguish CD and SpA from controls with an accuracy of 97% and 85% respectively. Spectral differences were mainly associated with proteins and lipids. This study showed that FTIR analysis is efficient to identify plasma biosignatures specific to CD or SpA.
Structured Vector Field Manipulation of Terahertz Wave along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Jie , Li Jitao , Yue Zhen , Zheng Chenglong , Wang Guocui , Liu Jingyu , Xu Hang , Song Chunyu , Yang Fan , Li Hui , Li Fuyu , Tang Tingting , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan
Published: September 2022

The generation and manipulation of vector light fields are of great significance for both fundamental research and industrial applications of polarized optics. In recent years, the spatial domain control of structured vector fields has gradually expanded from two‐ to three‐dimensional, including traditional optics and meta‐optics. Here, a new method to generate and manipulate structured vector light fields along the propagation direction is proposed, and the functionality in terahertz band using all‐silicon metasurfaces is demonstrated. The coherent superposition of orthogonal circularly polarized terahertz waves through long focal depth and multifocal metalens is completed, and varying phase differences between them in the propagation direction via path accumulation or initial phase design are introduced, thereby continuous variation or independently designed vector polarization distributions in multiple planes are obtained. It is worth mentioning that the proposed scheme is not only for the design of transverse electric field components, but also shows a strong ability for manipulation of the longitudinal component. This scheme realizes the polarization distribution designs of three‐dimensional vector fields in three‐dimensional space, and provides a new inspiration for the generation and manipulation of vector beams based on meta‐optics.
Practice patterns of the medical evaluation of living liver donors in the United States
Authors: Jackson Whitney E. , Kaplan Alyson , Saben Jessica L. , Kriss Michael S. , Cisek Jaime , Samstein Benjamin , Liapakis AnnMarie , Pillai Anjana A. , Brown Robert S. , Pomfret Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2022

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) can help address the growing organ shortage in the United States, yet little is known about the current practice patterns in the medical evaluation of living liver donors. We conducted a 131‐question survey of all 53 active LDLT transplant programs in the United States to assess current LDLT practices. The response rate was 100%. Donor acceptance rate was 0.33 with an interquartile range of 0.33–0.54 across all centers. Areas of high intercenter agreement included minimum age cutoff of 18 years (73.6%) and the exclusion of those with greater than Class 1 obesity (body mass index, 30.0–34.9 m/kg2) (88.4%). Diabetes mellitus was not an absolute exclusion at most centers (61.5%). Selective liver biopsies were performed for steatosis or iron overload on imaging (67.9% and 62.3%, respectively) or for elevated liver enzymes (60.4%). Steatohepatitis is considered an exclusion at most centers (84.9%). The most common hypercoagulable tests performed were factor V Leiden (FVL) (88.5%), protein C (73.1%), protein S (71.2%), antithrombin III (71.2%) and prothrombin gene mutation (65.4%). At 41.5% of centers, donors were allowed to proceed with donation with FVL heterozygote status. Most programs discontinue oral contraceptive pills at least 28 days prior to surgery. At most centers, the need for cardiovascular ischemic risk testing is based on age (73.6%) and the presence of one or more cardiac risk factors (68.0%). Defining areas of practice consensus and variation underscores the need for data generation to develop evidence‐based guidance for the evaluation and risk assessment of living liver donors.
Frontiers and laggards: Which firms benefit from adopting advanced digital technologies?
Authors: Oh Inha , Kim Jungho
Published: September 2022

This study examines how adopting advanced digital technologies (ADTs) affects a firm's performance indicators, such as growth in sales, labor productivity, and export, by analyzing Korean firms' panel data. This study finds that the effect of adopting ADTs on firm performance depends on the productivity level, performance types, and technology combination. The effect of adopting ADTs on sales growth has a U‐shaped relationship with the firm's productivity level. Moreover, in the frontier group, multiple technology adopters obtain higher rates of sales and significant export growth compared to single technology adopters.
TAC report reveals treatment barriers for women with SMI
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

Women have long faced institutional biases because of their gender, and diagnoses and their symptoms are less likely to be taken seriously by clinicians. Additionally, women with severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to be misdiagnosed, said the authors of a new report released Sept. 15 by the Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC).
Transzonal projections: Essential structures mediating intercellular communication in the mammalian ovarian follicle
Authors: Clarke Hugh J.
Published: September 2022

The development of germ cells relies on contact and communication with neighboring somatic cells that provide metabolic support and regulatory signals. In females, contact is achieved through thin cytoplasmic processes that project from follicle cells surrounding the oocyte, extend through an extracellular matrix (ECM) that lies between them, and reach its surface. In mammals, the ECM is termed the zona pellucida and the follicular cell processes are termed transzonal projections (TZPs). TZPs become detectable when the zona pellucida is laid down during early folliculogenesis and subsequently increase in number as oocyte growth progresses. They then rapidly disappear at the time of ovulation, permanently breaking germ‐soma contact. Here we review the life cycle and functions of the TZPs. We begin with an overview of the morphology and cytoskeletal structure of TZPs, in the context of actin‐ and tubulin‐based cytoplasmic processes in other cell types. Next, we review the roles played by TZPs in mediating progression through successive stages of oocyte development. We then discuss two mechanisms that may generate TZPs—stretching at pre‐existing points of granulosa cell‐oocyte contact and elaboration of new processes that push through the zona pellucida—as well as gene products implicated in their formation or function. Finally, we describe the signaling pathways that cause TZPs to be retracted in response to signals that also trigger meiotic maturation and ovulation of the oocyte. The principles and mechanisms that govern TZP behavior may be relevant to understanding communication between physically separated cells in other physiological contexts.
AI is Driving a New Vision for Displays
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: September 2022

As our world constantly changes, technology provides a platform for a type of evolution around how we live, work, and experience it. Day to day, these changes may not be so evident, but look across generations at the ways our parents and grandparents conducted business and interacted. Now look at how young adults work and what their expectations of technology have become. We're achieving a level of integration with the digital world in a way that was imagined only in science fiction books a couple of generations ago.
Transformation of Information Displays into Human Interfaces for Immersive and Interactive Technologies
Authors: Bhowmik Achin
Published: September 2022

Displays are morphing from one‐way interface devices that merely show visual content to two‐way interaction devices that provide more engaging and immersive experiences.
ID Asks/Om Nalamasu
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: September 2022

World‐renowned materials innovator, an engineer's engineer, CTO of a Fortune 200 firm, and a humble intellectual.
Display Metrology and AR/VR Advances
Authors: Fiske Tom
Published: September 2022

The new Information Display Measurements Standard v1.1 greatly influenced display metrology content at Display Week, which included a day‐long seminar and several related papers.
WCG, HDR, QDs, and Other Acronyms
Authors: Raikes Bob
Published: September 2022

Longer‐term trends toward “better and more pixels” were evident at Display Week.