bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISFLOR: A COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL TREE BUCKING
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Freitas , Aguiar Marcelo Otone , Da Silva Mayra Luiza Marques , Da Silva Gilson Fernandes , De Mendonça Adriano Ribeiro
Published: June 2020

A continuously competitive forest market and tied to the demands for wood products promotes the study and development of applications that increase the revenue of the forest enterprises. At harvesting, the cutting pattern (forest assortment) in which the trees are traced is traditionally determined by the experience of the chainsaw operator without using any optimization technique, which may result in economic losses in relation to the commercialized products. In general, there are numerous distinct assortments that can be chosen and hardly processed by a brute-force algorithm. This is the forest assortment problem at the individual tree level with the objetice of maximizing the commercial values of the felled trees. stem-level bucking optimization problem. The aim is to maximize the sales value of harvested trees. Dynamic Programming (DP) is an efficient optimization technique to determine the optimum bucking tree as it significantly reduces the number of calculations to be made. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a modern and intuitive computational system that is able to find the optimum tree stem bucking through DP to help companies over the bole tracing, therefore, characterizing itself as a tool that supports decision making. After the execution of the system, the optimum assortment is shown by sequentially detailing all products that should be removed from the analyzed bole as well as their respective volumes and revenue.
The Word I Hate: Racism, Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Iceland
Authors: Tryggvadóttir Helga Katrín , Loftsdóttir Kristin
Published: June 2020

Internationally, it has been well documented that refugees and asylum seekers are portrayed as one of Europe’s greatest threats, which intersects strongly with stereotypes about Muslim men. Our discussion focuses on asylum seekers in Iceland in 2015-2017 and their experiences of racism. The analysis shows that asylum seekers experienced racism in Iceland, but that this racism becomes overshadowed by their precarious position as asylum seekers. Our analysis of racism and asylum seekers in Iceland is based on an intersectional perspective that stresses how racism has to be seen as existing in conjunction with other identifications and identities. In our case, the intersection of racism with the position of vulnerability is particularly important, i.e., the vulnerability that these individuals experience when categorized as asylum seekers. As we stress, the asylum seekers’ dismissal of racism signifies the intense insecurity that they live under and the structural violence that they become subjected to from state and border policies.
Vörumerkið jafnrétti í utanríkisstefnu Íslands
Authors: Karlsdóttir Kristín Sandra , Ómarsdóttir Silja Bára
Published: June 2020

Þessi rannsókn greinir hvernig vörumörkun birtist í utanríkisþjónustu Íslands í gegnum jafnréttismál. Einnig er leitast við að greina hvaða aðferðir eru nýttar við vörumörkun og hvaða þættir valda því að jafnréttismál verða fyrir valinu. Breiður kenningarammi er mótaður úr kenningum smáríkjafræða, kenningum um vörumörkun ríkja og femínískum fræðum í alþjóðasamskiptum. Tekin voru viðtöl við fimm fyrrverandi og núverandi starfsmenn utanríkisþjónustu Íslands og orðræðugreiningu beitt á þau. Þrjú þemu voru mótuð út frá niðurstöðum orðræðugreiningarinnar; vörumerkið jafnrétti, aðferðir við vörumörkun og framboð og eftirspurn. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar voru þær að greina má ómeðvitaða vörumörkun í gegnum jafnréttismál sem birtist einna helst sem rík áhersla á málaflokkinn í allri vinnu utanríkisþjónustunnar, innanlands sem erlendis. Sértækari vörumörkun á sér einnig stað í formi þess að færa jafnréttisumræðuna til karla. Ísland beitir þremur meginaðferðum við vörumörkun, en þær eru: kynjasamþætting, að taka sér dagskrárvald í málaflokknum og alþjóðleg samvinna. Framboð og eftirspurn virðast helsti áhrifavaldurinn fyrir því að jafnréttismál urðu fyrir valinu sem vörumerki Íslands. Ísland hefur mikið fram að færa í málaflokknum, hefur skipað sér í framvarðarsveit í jafnréttismálum og vakið athygli alþjóðasamfélagsins fyrir vinnu sína. Sú athygli hefur hvetjandi áhrif fyrir áframhaldandi vinnu ríkisins innan málaflokksins. Engu að síður er nauðsynlegt að vera meðvituð um það hvers vegna íslenska ríkið telur þessa stöðu eftirsóknaverða og í hvaða tilgangi hennar er leitað.
Digital Stokes polarimetry and its application to structured light: tutorial
Authors: Singh Keshaan , Tabebordbar Najmeh , Forbes Andrew , Dudley Angela
Published: June 2020

Stokes polarimetry is a mature topic in optics, most commonly performed to extract the polarization structure of optical fields for a range of diverse applications. For historical reasons, most Stokes polarimetry approaches are based on static optical polarization components that must be manually adjusted, prohibiting automated, real-time analysis of fast changing fields. Here we provide a tutorial on performing Stokes polarimetry in an all-digital approach, exploiting a modern optical toolkit based on liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators and digital micromirror devices. We explain in a tutorial fashion how to implement two digital approaches, based on these two devices, for extracting Stokes parameters in a fast, cheap, and dynamic manner. After outlining the core concepts, we demonstrate their applicability to the modern topic of structured light, and highlight some common experimental issues. In particular, we illustrate how digital Stokes polarimetry can be used to measure key optical parameters such as the state of polarization, degree of vectorness, and intra-modal phase of complex light fields.
Investigation of analog signal distortion introduced by a fiber phase sensitive amplifier
Authors: Chatterjee Debanuj , Bouasria Yousra , Xie Weilin , Labidi Tarek , Goldfarb Fabienne , Fsaifes Ihsan , Bretenaker Fabien
Published: June 2020

We numerically simulate the distortion of an analog signal carried in a microwave photonics link containing a phase sensitive amplifier (PSA), focusing mainly on amplitude modulation format. The numerical model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements. By using the well-known two-tone test, we compare the situations in which a standard intensity modulator is used with the one where a perfectly linear modulator would be employed. We also investigate the role of gain saturation in the nonlinearity of the PSA. Finally, we establish the conditions in which the signal nonlinearity introduced by the PSA itself can be extremely small.
Deep learning-based fringe modulation-enhancing method for accurate fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Yu Haotian , Zheng Dongliang , Fu Jiaan , Zhang Yi , Zuo Chao , Han Jing
Published: June 2020

Fringe projection profilometry (i.e., FPP) has been one of the most popular 3-D measurement techniques. The phase error due to system random noise becomes non-ignorable when fringes captured by a camera have a low fringe modulation, which are inevitable for objects’ surface with un-uniform reflectivity. The phase calculated from these low-modulation fringes may have a non-ignorable phase error and generate 3-D measurement error. Traditional methods reduce the phase error with losing details of 3-D shapes or sacrificing the measurement speed. In this paper, a deep learning-based fringe modulation-enhancing method (i.e., FMEM) is proposed, that transforms two low-modulation fringes with different phase shifts into a set of three phase-shifted high-modulation fringes. FMEM enables to calculate the desired phase from the transformed set of high-modulation fringes, and result in accurate 3-D FPP without sacrificing the speed. Experimental analysis verifies its effectiveness and accurateness.
Widefield quantitative phase imaging by second-harmonic dispersion interferometry
Authors: Brandi Fernando , Wessel Frank
Published: June 2020

Widefield optical characterization of transparent samples is of great importance for gas flow and plasma diagnostics, for example, as well as label-free imaging of biological samples. An optically transparent medium, however, cannot be imaged by techniques based on intensity contrast imaging. Very well-known qualitative phase-contrast imaging methodologies are routinely used to overcome this limitation, and quantitative phase-imaging approaches have also been developed. Here we report the demonstration of, to the best of our knowledge, a novel widefield quantitative phase-imaging technique, based on fully common-path second-harmonic dispersion interferometry that is combined with pixel-by-pixel homodyne dual-channel polarization-dependent phase detection. The device is tested in a harsh environment reaching sub-10 mrad harmonic phase dispersion sensitivity and a spatial resolution of several tens of microns with an optical configuration that is very stable and easy to implement. The time resolution of the demonstrated device is 600 ps, set by the laser-pulse time duration.
Una aproximación a los medios de comunicación en el conflicto vasco desde el Periodismo de Paz
Authors: Mínguez Alcaide Xavier
Published: June 2020

El artículo presenta un estudio interdisciplinar sobre los medios de comunicación en el conflicto vasco a la luz del Periodismo de Paz y la Psicología Social. El estudio expone los principales trabajos en Ciencias de la Comunicación sobre el comportamiento de los medios en dicho conflicto, y basa su apartado empírico en 22 entrevistas en profundidad con responsables de medios vascos. Los testimonios señalan que los medios fueron actores del conflicto, trasladaron visiones simplificadas y polarizadas de la realidad, y fueron víctimas de la violencia. Como reflexión final, se infiere que los medios practicaron un Periodismo de Guerra.
¿Cuántos inmigrantes han abandonado España por la crisis? Un ejercicio de estimación (indirecta) mediante la encuesta de población activa
Authors: Ródenas Calatayud Carmen , Martí Sempere Mónica
Published: June 2020

España recibió uno de los más grandes contingentes migratorios internacionales en los años previos a la recesión económica. El cambio de ciclo podría haber conducido a una intensa salida de los inmigrantes. Sin embargo, utilizando la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) se comprueba que esa expulsión en masa no se produce. El trabajo, además, aborda las razones que puede haber detrás de la decisión de los inmigrantes para permanecer en el país, a pesar del empeoramiento de las condiciones del mercado laboral y del deterioro de sus condiciones de vida.
La presencia de informaciones relacionadas con la religión católica en la prensa española
Authors: Santos Diez María Teresa , Pérez Dasilva Jesús Ángel
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación aborda la presencia de contenidos relacionados con la religión católica en los diarios de información general españoles. Mediante una metodología de análisis de contenido se cuantifica y se identifican las áreas temáticas y se compara su presencia en los diarios mencionados. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la fi gura del papa Francisco, así como el desgaste de la relación entre la Iglesia y la sociedad que se manifiesta a través del predominio de textos informativos con un enfoque negativo haciendo hincapié en temas como la corrupción y las finanzas.
THE PREDICTED STRUCTURE FOR THE ANTI-SENSE SIRNA OF THE RNA POLYMERASE ENZYME (RDRP) GENE OF THE SARS-COV-2
Authors: Parikesit Arli Aditya , Nurdiansyah Rizky
Published: June 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 pandemic has reached a new height with an unprecedented infection rate and mortality post-world war II history. However, there is no particular designed drug for COVID-19 up to this point. Thus, there exist three strategies for COVID-19 drug design; drug repurposing option, herbal medicine development, and transcriptomics-based drug lead. As the most underutilized option, transcriptomics-based drug lead could be leveraged to deal with SARS-CoV-2 infection. One of the main methods to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection is to inhibit the RNA polymerase enzyme that is responsible to the viral replication. In this regard, the objective of the strategy is to design the anti-sense siRNA drug and lead to inhibit the mRNA of the RNA Polymerase Enzyme (RdRp) gene that encodes the viral RNA Polymerase of the SARS-CoV-2. The Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD)-based method was leveraged with sequence retrieval of 24 RdRp gene sequences, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, 2D/3D RNA structure predictions, and RNA-RNA docking. Both the RNAalifold conserved structure from the RdRp genes and the RNAfold structure of the siRNA for blocking the conserved structure are negative or less than 0 kcal/mol. The predicted RNA docking occurred with the best RMSD score of 22.53 Å, which is beyond the accepted threshold of 10-20 Å. Based on the findings, the 2D/3D structures of both the siRNA and mRNA could be elucidated, and the docking between them is feasible. However, this finding should be elucidated in the wet laboratory setting for the final lead validation.
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND ETHNOBOTANY OF DEGRADED PEAT SWAMP FOREST IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Kalima Titi , Suharti Sri , Sumarhani Sumarhani , Trethowan Liam A.
Published: June 2020

KALIMA, T., SUHARTI, S., SUMARHANI & TRETHOWAN, L. A. 2020. Tree species diversity and ethnobotany of degraded peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan. Reinwardtia 19(1): 27‒54. ‒‒ Most peat swamp forest has been degraded. This has resulted in decline of its biodiversity. The objective of this study was to identify the composition, diversity, and plants used by local people in Bagantung swamp forest. The study was conducted on degraded peat swamp forest area in Bagantung, Mantangai Sub-District, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan Province. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and the Importance Value (IV) indices were used for analyzing the species diversity and the species importance across a number of forest plots. Useful tree species were identified by interviewing local villagers. There were 2,562 individual plants in 32 plots (each plot 20 m × 20 m). We identified 100 tree species and 16 non-tree species, from 74 genera, and 46 families. Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Clusiaceae were the most dominant families. Large tree (H’=1.46) and small tree diversity was similar (H’=1.75). In both small and large tree size classes Calophyllum nodusum was the most dominant species. There were 16 tree species and two non-tree species used by local people for house and boat construction, furniture, handicrafts, medicine, and insect repellent.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice of Dentists in Preventing- Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Transmission - A Questionnaire Based Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Vasundhara Kaligotla V. Apoorva , Gummuluri Sriram
Published: June 2020

Background: The global issue that urges the public health emergency is the outbreak of the Novel Corona Virus strain (COVID-19). Dentists being are highly prone to airborne transmission during dental treatment due to aerosols generated by various dental procedures on patients with COVID-19. Taking this fact into consideration, the present survey research was mainly aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in preventing the disease transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Material and methods: The present study is prospective research, where the online survey questionnaire was distributed among 300 dentists in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in India, who were randomly recruited for the study. The participants were recruited based on the clinical experience ranging from less than five years to more than ten years, who were working in both the private and government sectors. 15 close-ended questions were formulated and validated. The questionnaire consisted of the necessary demographic details of the participants and equally distributed into three sections that contained questions that assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in preventing the disease transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Results: The results revealed that dentists have an adequate knowledge and awareness on COVID-19 transmission and most of the dentists felt that dentists have a major role in preventing the disease transmission. Majority of the participants raised the importance of awareness programs have to be conducted on various measures in preventing COVID-19 transmission among dental fraternity and in public. Conclusions: From the survey research it can be concluded that dentists have an adequate knowledge and awareness on COVID-19 disease. Majority of them are trying their level best in the present situation to prevent COVID-19 transmission.KeywordsCOVID-19; Dentists; Infection control.
The importance of dental office management in times of COVID 19 and how to resume activities in post-pandemic.
Authors: Silva João  Maurício Ferraz da , Zanet Caio Gorgulho , Trezza Renato , Lamour Luciane , Beraldo André Luiz
Published: June 2020

We are going through a health crisis, a pandemic caused by the new corona virus (SarsCOV2), which causes the disease COVID 19. This pandemic has also had a negative impact on the world economy, with dental offices being directly affected. Given this, the objective of this article is to bring important points in the strategy of management of dental clinics and how to be prepared to face the moment of crisis and also for the resumption. We believe that actions should be guided on three fronts: survival, sustainability and new future. The scenario is new, but with the right actions, the prospects for recovery are good. The important thing is to stay focused on what we have control, to do our best for the financial health of the business, however, remember that human health comes first, that any financial recovery will only be positive when people's lives and health are being preserved.KeywordsCorona virus, business management, financial management.
The Puppet Caliphs and the Titular Heads of State: the 'Abbasid Caliphate Under the Buyids' Reign
Authors: Saleh Fauzan
Published: June 2020

Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah yang berlangsung selama lima abad lebih telahmengalammi masa pasang surut dengan dinamika yang tinggi. Di masakejayaannya, kekhalifahan Abbasiyah  merepresentasikan zamankeemasan Islam dengan kemajuan peradabannya. namun dalam masasurutnya, Abbasiyah telah jatuh dalam dominasi penguasa asing,termasuk amir al-umara' dari dinasti Buyid. Para penguasa militer yangmestinya tunduk kepada khalifah ini justru telah memainkan peran yangjauh lebih menentukan, bahkan lebih berkuasa dari khalifah sendiri.Hal ini terjadi karena lemahnya posisi khalifah, sehingga hampir seluruhhak dan kewenangannya di ambil alih oleh penguasa militer tersebut.Dalam kondisi seperti itu menurut al-Mawardi,khalifah seperti itu tidak berhak lagi mendudukijabatannya dan ia harus diturunkan. Namun, meskipun para khalifahAbbasiyah telah kehilangan kekuasaan eksekutifnya, mereka ternyatamasih dapat mempertahankan kedudukan mereka, bahkan hingga jauhsetelah kekuasaan dinasti Buyid itu sendiri hancur. Bagi kaum Sunni,seperti apapun bentuknya, keberadaan khalifah harus tetapdipertahankan sebagas simbol pemerintahan yang sah dan sebagaimanifestasi dari kesatuan seluruh amat Islam.
Al-Yasār al-Islāmī: Iṭlālah ‘Āmmah
Authors: Abū Zaid Naṣr
Published: June 2020

Islamic thought develop rapidly as the progress of Islam in the classical era especially when Islam facing modernity nowadays. In general, the discourse of Islamic thought ranges from the “left” to the “right”. The term "left" is used for political movement and changes which defends the right and interest of poor individual, i.e. vulnerable and oppressed people. This mainstream fight against social in justice caused by economics and politics, such as the tendency of elites to support certain communities in any forms and to neglect others. In general it can be stated that leftist movements aim to develop society, toward freedom of thought and civilized, and also employ logic as a way of life and thinking method. Although it seems very excellent for the society, however it also has some disadvantages such as it could harm personal freedom. Meanwhile the “right" is used for political movement and changes which demand for private freedom. It seem that the "right' movement more flexible than the “left” one to protect personal freedom of thought especially freedom of faith, freedom of thought etc. To conclude, the "right" movement is more conservative to protect tradition.
Book Review: Adakah Kiprah Salah Kaum Muslimin?
Authors: Haikal Husain
Published: June 2020

Buku ini tengah dalam proses diceak, pada waktu Black September melumatkan bangunan WTC (World Trade Center) di New York. Peristiwa 11 September 2007 telah mencuatkan nama Osama bin Laden. Wajarlah apabila September Hitam tidak sempat diulas buku ini. Apalagi tragedi September Hitam mempertanyakan kehebatan Amerika Serikat (AS). Dengan mudah lambang kehebatan puncak kapitalisme, W'TC, berhasil dihancurkan dengan biaya sangat murah, seharga tiket yang dibeli para pelakunya, dan merupakan tamparan hebat bagi AS apabila sebagian gedung Pentagon, sebagai lambang kehebatan pertahanan AS, mampu dihancurkan.
Sharā’it Fahm al-Mutūn wa-Dawr al-Insān: al-Tafakkur al-Hirmīniwtīkī fi’l-Islām ‘ind Muhammad Mujtahid Shabistarī
Authors: Marcotte Roxanne D
Published: June 2020

Isu penafsiran dan interpretasi teks apapun, terutama teks agama, masih menyita banyak peneliti yang mencoba mencari solusinya. Ini karena proses penafsirannya tidak begitu naif karena tumpang tindih dengan berbagai faktor yang membuat proses ini rumit. Artikel ini mengungkapkan pendapat ilmuwan Iran, Muhammad Mujtahid Shabstari, dalam proses penafsiran atau Hermeunetik. Proses penafsiran harus melibatkan faktor-faktor penafsir itu sendiri terlebih dahulu, dan teks kedua, dan isu menempatkan makna teks di lingkungan baru. Penelitian ini mengarahkan peneliti pada kesimpulan bahwa segala jenis proses semacam itu tidak bersifat final dan tidak memperoleh interpretasi yang benar, hanya menyangkal interpretasi lainnya, namun juga rentan terhadap kesalahan dan pada masing-masing akibat dampak dari kepentingan kepentingan penafsir.
Qasīda Banāt Su‘ād li-Ka‘b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abī Salmā: Tahlīl al-Uslūb al-Adabī
Authors: Pribadi Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Dalam tulisan ini, peneliti mencoba untuk melihat pentingnya puisi Suead Lakaeb bin Zuhair Ibn Abi Salma dalam menerangkan sejarah peradaban Islam, terutama di era kudeta dari masa pra-Islam hingga era Muharramain yang terkenal. Penulis menganalisis puisi ini yang fokus pada inti unsur metode dan pernyataan sesuatu dari latar belakang penampilan untuk menghormati para pembaca proporsional antara metode yang digunakan dan kondisi penyair dalam membangun puisinya. Dipercaya bahwa puisi ini adalah sebuah nilai yang berasal dari pengalaman religius dan puisi artistik yang mengubah filosofi kehidupan penyair dari ketidaktahuan tentang Islam. Puisi ini terinspirasi oleh gagasan mulia yang diungkapkan dalam bentuk artistik Galilea yang sangat baik sampai menjadi sebuah puisi yang indah.
Baghdad’s Fall and Its Aftermath: Contesting the Central Asian Political Background and the Emergence of Islamic Mongol Dynasties
Authors: Karim Muhammad Abdul
Published: June 2020

The sack of Baghdad is a dramatic event which was immediately followed by several key historical events, including the rise of Islamic Mongol. Founded by Chengiz Khan, the Mongol are the destroyer machine who previously ended the glory of Islam in 13th century Middle East. A lot has been said concerning that dramatic siege, but little has been discussed regarding the continuation between the siege and the “reverse flow” of the Mongols as the unique events in the aftermath of the Baghdad’s fall. The object of this paper is to examine the siege of Baghdad in the light of Central Asian frame and to explore the important events in the aftermath of the siege which are related to the rise of the Islamic Mongol Dynasties. [ Jatuhnya Baghdad merupakan peristiwa tragis yang diikuti oleh sejumlah peristiwa lain, termasuk munculnya kerajaan Mongol Islam. Dibawah kepemimpinan Chengisz Khan, Mongol berhasil menggantikan kejayaan Islam di Timur Tengah abad ketigabelas. Banyak studi yang telah mengkaji  peralihan tersebut, namun sedikit yang membahas kelanjutan proses tersebut dan arus balik Mongol pasca jatuhnya Baghdad. Artikel ini membahas peralihan Baghdad dibawah konstelasi Asia Tengah dan peristiwa penting dibalik pendudukan Mongol hingga munculnya dinasti Islam Mongol.]
Digital Hermeneutics and A New Face of The Qur`an Commentary: The Qur`an in Indonesian`s Facebook
Authors: Lukman Fadhli
Published: June 2020

The 21st history of the Qur`an sees the scripture’s contiguity with the social media technology. This paper discusses the hermeneutical configuration of the Qur`an commentary in social media, not as religious phenomena in sociological or anthropological perspective, but rather as a study of the history of exegesis. The inquiry addresses two points: the character of the Qur’an commentary presented in Facebook within the context of the modern Qur’anic commentary and the effects it carries out. The paper suggests that digital hermeneutics emerges as the step forward for popularizing commentary with its simple and straightforward presentation. Accordingly, people are now closer to Qur`anic interpretation than ever before, and therefore the upsurge of semantic function of the Qur`an is observed. At the same time, digital hermeneutics marks the phenomena of equality and democratization of participation in hermeneutical activity and the challenge on authority.[Sejarah Al-Quran abad ke-21 ditandai dengan perkawinan kitab suci ini dengan teknologi sosial media. Paper ini mendiskusikan bangunan hermeneutis tafsir Al-Quran di sosial media, bukan sebagai fenomena keberagamaan dalam nuansa sosiologis dan antropologis, melainkan sebagai studi sejarah tafsir. Ada dua hal yang dikaji: tentang karakter tafsir Al-Quran yang muncul di Facebook dalam konteks tafsir modern dan pengaruh yang dimunculkannya. Diskusi ini menyimpulkan bahwa digital hermeneutics muncul sebagai kelanjutan dari tafsir populer dengan penampilannya yang sederhana dan lugas. Oleh sebab itu, orang-orang saat ini menjadi semakin dekat dengan penafsiran Al-Quran, dan meningkatnya fungsi semantik Al-Quran menjadi jelas terlihat. Pada saat yang sama, digital hermeneutics menandai kesetaraan dan demokratisasi dalam partisipasi terhadap aktivitas hermeneutis Al-Quran dan tantangan terhadap otoritas.]
Between the Influence of Customary, Dutch, and Islamic Law: Jaksa Pepitu and Their Place in Cirebon Sultanate History
Authors: Tendi Tendi , Marihandono Djoko , Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
Published: June 2020

The field of law is an interesting matter in the study of Indonesian history. The meddling of the various elements of culture and tradition due to political dynamics and power in the nation’s history, making law in Indonesia one type of hybrid entity. The interference of the law was not only seen from its legal products, but also from the bodies given the responsibility to enforce the law at that time. One of the prosecutors’ agency that had existed in the past was Jaksa Pepitu. This study aims to reveal the origins of the Jaksa Pepitu, elaborate on their works in the field of law in Cirebon environment, and describe the legal influences that contributed to the color of this collegial council. By way of historical research methodology and narrative approach, it can be seen that the prosecutor’s council is the agency essential in the practice of law. They were linked to Cirebon princes and  can be appointed through VOC approval. In addition, the actions of the prosecutors can be seen from the position, independence, and authority they have. The various things surrounding the Jaksa Pepitu indicate that it is legal institution influenced by customary, Western and Islamic laws. [Bidang hukum menjadi hal yang menarik dalam kajian sejarah Indonesia. Percampuran pelbagai unsur budaya dan tradisi akibat adanya dinamika politik dan kekuasaan dalam perjalanan bangsa, membuat hukum di Indonesia menjadi salah satu jenis hukum yang bersifat hybrid. Percampuran hukum itu tidak hanya dilihat dari produk hukum yang dihasilkan, namun juga dapat ditelisik dari badan yang diberi tanggung jawab untuk menegakkan hukum pada masa itu. Salah satu badan jaksa yang pernah eksis di masa lalu adalah Jaksa Pepitu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan asal muasal Jaksa Pepitu, menguraikan kiprahnya dalam bidang hukum di lingkungan Cirebon, dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh-pengaruh hukum yang turut memberi warna dewan kolegial ini. Dengan metodologi penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan naratif yang dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa dewan jaksa itu merupakan badan penanggung jawab bidang hukum. Mereka memiliki keterkaitan dengan para pangeran Cirebon dan dapat diangkat dengan persetujuan VOC. Selain itu, kiprah para jaksa ini dapat dilihat dari posisi, independensi, dan wewenang yang mereka miliki. Adapun pelbagai hal yang mengitari Jaksa Pepitu menunjukkan bahwa mereka ini adalah badan yang dipengaruhi oleh hukum adat, Barat, dan Islam.]
KEDUDUKAN KRISTUS DALAM PENCIPTAAN MENURUT KOLOSE 1:15-20 (TANGGAPAN KRISTOLOGI SAKSI YEHUWA)
Authors: Dominggus Dicky
Published: June 2020

In Christianity, Christology is one of the doctrines that has resulted in debate up to now. Jehovah's Witnesses are one group that does not recognize that Jesus is Lord. Their understanding is based on many texts, one of which is Colossians 1: 15-20. In Colossians 1: 15-20, Jehovah's Witnesses see Christ as the first creation. They translate the eldest word in chronological order. Based on research on the text of Colossians 1: 15-20, the firstfruits meant by Paul are more directed to the order in authority. For this reason, the view of Jehovah's Witnesses about Christ in Colossians 1: 15-20 is different from the mainstream.
Derechos animales, solidaridad y derechos emergentes
Authors: Valencia Rincón Fernanda
Published: June 2020

La reivindicación de derechos ha significado tradicionalmente a lo largo de la historia alcanzar el reconocimiento político-jurídico de los mismos para los seres humanos, con todo en dicho objetivo aún existen varios grupos invisibilizados, siendo uno de ellos los animales no humanos. En el contexto de los derechos emergentes y acorde a la idea de “progreso moral” es necesario no solo dar voz a aquellas personas que aún estarían en las sombras, sino además incluir en el reconocimiento de derechos a los animales no humanos. Así, desde el valor de la solidaridad debemos ser capaces de ampliar el círculo del “nosotros” y consecuentemente institucionalizar los derechos de los animales.
Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): Characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
Authors: Zornoza-Indart Ainara , Lopez-Arce Paula , López-Polín Lucía
Published: June 2020

Chert tools from Galería and Gran Dolina Caves, located in the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Burgos, Spain), were characterized (macro-visual inspection, mineralogical phases, degree of crystallinity, soluble salts, surface morphology and optical surface roughness) and compared to chert samples collected from the surrounding Atapuerca mountain range. The chert tools were studied to determine their causes of decay and for selecting the most compatible consolidation treatments. It was found that samples solely containing quartz were not significantly altered and required little conservation treatment compared to those that contained quartz and moganite, which were more weathered and powdery, requiring consolidation. The efficacy of the consolidating products traditionally used by conservators (acrylic resin and ethyl silicate) to preserve these chert remains, together with novel nanoparticle-based products (SiO2 and a mixture of SiO2 and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles) were assessed in this study. Changes produced by these consolidating products in the physical (surface morphology and cohesion) and aesthetic properties of the chert tools were evaluated using non-destructive techniques (peeling test, spectrophotometry and optical surface roughness), followed by destructive techniques, such as SEM and XRD.
Review of Non-natives writing for Anglo-American journals: Challenges and urgent needs; Author: Katarzyna Hryniuk; Publisher: Warsaw University Press, 2019; ISBN: 978-83-235-3677-2; Pages: 172
Authors: Gabryś-Barker Danuta
Published: June 2020

I was looking forward to a publication of a scholarly text on academic writing and on the publishing process, which both have such an important impact on the professional experience of Polish scholars. The book by Katarzyna Hryniuk, entitled Non-Natives Writing for Anglo-American Journals: Challenges and Urgent Needs, fulfils this need. The monograph, 172 pages in length, includes an introductory section, six chapters, an appendix, an extensive list of references, topic and author indexes, and a short summary in Polish. It offers a fairly complete picture of issues in academic publication with a unique focus on Poland.
HydraList
Authors: Mathew Ajit , Min Changwoo
Published: June 2020

Increased capacity of main memory has led to the rise of in-memory databases. With disk access eliminated, efficiency of index structures has become critical for performance in these systems. An ideal index structure should exhibit high performance for a wide variety of workloads, be scalable, and efficient in handling large data sets. Unfortunately, our evaluation shows that most state-of-the-art index structures fail to meet these three goals. For an index to be performant with large data sets, it should ideally have time complexity independent of the key set size. To ensure scalability, critical sections should be minimized and synchronization mechanisms carefully designed to reduce cache coherence traffic. Moreover, complex memory hierarchy in servers makes data placement and memory access patterns important for high performance across all workload types.

In this paper, we present HydraList, a new concurrent, scalable, and high performance in-memory index structure for massive multi-core machines. The key insight behind our design of HydraList is that an index structure can be divided into two components (search and data layers) which can be updated independently leading to lower synchronization overhead. By isolating the search layer, we are able to replicate it across NUMA nodes and reduce cache misses and remote memory accesses. As a result, our evaluation shows that HydraList outperforms other index structures especially in a variety of workloads and key types.
An LSM-based tuple compaction framework for Apache AsterixDB
Authors: Alkowaileet Wail Y. , Alsubaiee Sattam , Carey Michael J.
Published: June 2020

Document database systems store self-describing semi-structured records, such as JSON, "as-is" without requiring the users to pre-define a schema. This provides users with the flexibility to change the structure of incoming records without worrying about taking the system offline or hindering the performance of currently running queries. However, the flexibility of such systems does not free. The large amount of redundancy in the records can introduce an unnecessary storage overhead and impact query performance.

Our focus in this paper is to address the storage overhead issue by introducing a tuple compactor framework that infers and extracts the schema from self-describing semi-structured records during the data ingestion. As many prominent document stores, such as MongoDB and Couchbase, adopt Log Structured Merge (LSM) trees in their storage engines, our framework exploits LSM lifecycle events to piggyback the schema inference and extraction operations. We have implemented and empirically evaluated our approach to measure its impact on storage, data ingestion, and query performance in the context of Apache AsterixDB.
Query performance prediction for concurrent queries using graph embedding
Authors: Zhou Xuanhe , Sun Ji , Li Guoliang , Feng Jianhua
Published: June 2020

Query performance prediction is vital to many database tasks (e.g., database monitoring and query scheduling). Existing methods focus on predicting the performance for a single query but cannot effectively predict the performance for concurrent queries, because it is rather hard to capture the correlations between different queries, e.g., lock conflict and buffer sharing. To address this problem, we propose a performance prediction system for concurrent queries using a graph embedding based model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first graph-embedding-based performance prediction model for concurrent queries. We first propose a graph model to encode query features, where each vertex is a node in the query plan of a query and each edge between two vertices denotes the correlations between them, e.g., sharing the same table/index or competing resources. We then propose a prediction model, in which we use a graph embedding network to encode the graph features and adopt a prediction network to predict query performance using deep learning. Since workloads may dynamically change, we propose a graph update and compaction algorithm to adapt to workload changes. We have conducted extensive experiments on real-world datasets, and experimental results showed that our method outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches.
VHP
Authors: Lu Kejing , Wang Hongya , Wang Wei , Kudo Mineichi
Published: June 2020

Locality sensitive hashing (LSH) is a widely practiced
c
-approximate nearest neighbor(
c
-ANN) search algorithm in high dimensional spaces. The state-of-the-art LSH based algorithm searches an unbounded and irregular space to identify candidates, which jeopardizes the efficiency. To address this issue, we introduce the concept of
virtual hypersphere partitioning.
The core idea is to impose a virtual hypersphere, centered at the query, in the original feature space and only examine points inside the hypersphere. The search space of a hypersphere is isotropic and bounded, and thus more efficient than the existing one. In practice, we use multiple physical hyperspheres with different radii in corresponding projection subspaces to emulate the single virtual hypersphere. We also developed a principled method to compute the hypersphere radii for given success probability.

Based on virtual hypersphere partitioning, we propose a novel disk-based indexing and searching scheme VHP to answer
c
-ANN queries. In the indexing phase, VHP stores LSH projections with independent
B
+
-trees. To process a query, VHP keeps increasing the radii of physical hyperspheres co-ordinately, which in effect amounts to enlarging the virtual hypersphere, to accommodate more candidates until the success probability is met. Rigorous theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm supports
c
-ANN search for arbitrarily small
c
≥ 1 with probability guarantee. Extensive experiments on a variety of datasets, including the billion-scale ones, demonstrate that VHP could achieve different tradeoffs between efficiency and accuracy, and achieves up to 2x speedup in running time over the state-of-the-art methods.
Put an elephant into a fridge
Authors: Wang Kefei , Liu Jian , Chen Feng
Published: June 2020

In today's data centers, memory-based key-value systems, such as Memcached and Redis, play an indispensable role in providing high-speed data services. The rapidly growing capacity and quickly falling price of DRAM memory in the past years have enabled us to create a large memory-based key-value store, which is able to serve hundreds of Gigabytes to even Terabytes of key-value data all in memory. Unfortunately, CPU cache in modern processors has not seen a similar growth in capacity, still remaining at the level of a few dozens of Megabytes. Such an extremely low cache-to-memory ratio (less than 0.1%) poses a significant new challenge---the limited CPU cache is becoming a severe performance bottleneck that hinders us from fully exploiting the great potential of high-speed memory-based key-value stores.

To address this critical challenge, we propose a highly cache-efficient scheme, called
Cavast
, to optimize the cache utilization of large-capacity in-memory key-value stores. Our goal is to maximize cache efficiency and system performance without any hardware changes. We first present two light-weight, software-only mechanisms to enable user to indirectly control the cache content at application level. Then we propose a set of optimization policies to address several critical design issues that impair cache's efficacy in the current key-value store systems. By carefully reorganizing the data layout in memory, redesigning the hash indexing structure, and offloading garbage collection, we can effectively improve the utilization of the limited cache space. We have developed a module in Linux as a kernel-level support, and implemented two prototypes based on Memcached and Redis with the proposed Cavast scheme. Our experimental studies show promising results. On a 6-core Intel Xeon processor with only 15-MB cache, we can raise the cache hit ratio up to 82.7% with a very small cache-to-memory ratio (0.023%), and significantly increase the key-value system throughput by a factor of up to 4.2.
Sage
Authors: Dhulipala Laxman , McGuffey Charles , Kang Hongbo , Gu Yan , Blelloch Guy E. , Gibbons Phillip B. , Shun Julian
Published: June 2020

Non-volatile main memory (NVRAM) technologies provide an attractive set of features for large-scale graph analytics, including byte-addressability, low idle power, and improved memory-density. NVRAM systems today have an order of magnitude more NVRAM than traditional memory (DRAM). NVRAM systems could therefore potentially allow very large graph problems to be solved on a single machine, at a modest cost. However, a significant challenge in achieving high performance is in accounting for the fact that NVRAM writes can be much more expensive than NVRAM reads.

In this paper, we propose an approach to parallel graph analytics using the
Parallel Semi-Asymmetric Model (PSAM)
, in which the graph is stored as a read-only data structure (in NVRAM), and the amount of mutable memory is kept proportional to the number of vertices. Similar to the popular semi-external and semi-streaming models for graph analytics, the PSAM approach assumes that the vertices of the graph fit in a fast read-write memory (DRAM), but the edges do not. In NVRAM systems, our approach eliminates writes to the NVRAM, among other benefits.

To experimentally study this new setting, we develop
Sage
, a parallel semi-asymmetric graph engine with which we implement provably-efficient (and often work-optimal) PSAM algorithms for over a dozen fundamental graph problems. We experimentally study Sage using a 48--core machine on the largest publicly-available real-world graph (the Hyperlink Web graph with over 3.5 billion vertices and 128 billion edges) equipped with Optane DC Persistent Memory, and show that Sage outperforms the fastest prior systems designed for NVRAM. Importantly, we also show that Sage nearly matches the fastest prior systems running solely in DRAM, by effectively hiding the costs of repeatedly accessing NVRAM versus DRAM.
Gender at the Border: Global Responses to Gender-Diverse Subjectivities and Nonbinary Registration Practices
Authors: Quinan C. L. , Bresser Nina
Published: June 2020

Respect for transgender rights broadly and recognition of nonbinary gender specifically have given rise to global legislative and policy-level reforms that purport to rectify discrimination faced by transgender and gender-diverse populations when traveling or migrating. In several countries, for example, the binary options “male” and “female” have been extended to include other possibilities in legal and travel documents, such as X, third gender, indeterminate, and unspecified. Drawing on qualitative data gathered from an online survey conducted over a period of one year, this article homes in on this phenomenon, asking how existing and expanding options for gender in passports could impact transgender and gender-diverse people’s ability to cross international borders. The article’s findings highlight how current border-security structures frequently pose a challenge for those not conforming to gender norms. Our analysis reveals an intricate set of negotiations and tensions, and elucidates the complex dynamics between macro-level practices of power and micro-level articulations of resistance that might interrupt the normative functions of law. This article also shows how existing and alternative options can be taken up in transformative ways that can be used to subvert otherwise restrictive policies. This article is part of the special issue “Media, Migration, and Nationalism” of the journal Global Perspectives, Media and Communication, guest-edited by Koen Leurs and Tomohisa Hirata.
Bounded solutions of a difference equation with finite number of jumps of operator coefficient
Authors: Chaikovs'kyi A. , Lagoda O.
Published: June 2020

We study the problem of existence of a unique bounded solution of a difference equation with variable operator coefficient in a Banach space. There is well known theory of such equations with constant coefficient. In that case the problem is solved in terms of spectrum of the operator coefficient. For the case of variable operator coefficient correspondent conditions are known too. But it is too hard to check the conditions for particular equations. So, it is very important to give an answer for the problem for those particular cases of variable coefficient, when correspondent conditions are easy to check. One of such cases is the case of piecewise constant operator coefficient. There are well known sufficient conditions of existence and uniqueness of bounded solution for the case of one jump. In this work, we generalize these results for the case of finite number of jumps of operator coefficient. Moreover, under additional assumption we obtained necessary and sufficient conditions of existence and uniqueness of bounded solution.
Nilpotent Lie algebras of derivations with the center of small corank
Authors: Chapovskyi Y.Y. , Mashchenko L.Z. , Petravchuk A.P.
Published: June 2020

Let $\mathbb K$ be a field of characteristic zero, $A$ be an integral domain over $\mathbb K$ with the field of fractions $R=Frac(A),$ and $Der_{\mathbb K}A$ be the Lie algebra of all $\mathbb K$-derivations on $A$. Let $W(A):=RDer_{\mathbb K} A$ and $L$ be a nilpotent subalgebra of rank $n$ over $R$ of the Lie algebra $W(A).$ We prove that if the center $Z=Z(L)$ is of rank $\geq n-2$ over $R$ and $F=F(L)$ is the field of constants for $L$ in $R,$ then the Lie algebra $FL$ is contained in a locally nilpotent subalgebra of $ W(A)$ of rank $n$ over $R$ with a natural basis over the field $R.$ It is also proved that the Lie algebra $FL$ can be isomorphically embedded (as an abstract Lie algebra) into the triangular Lie algebra $u_n(F)$, which was studied early by other authors.
Local nearrings on finite non-abelian $2$-generated $p$-groups
Authors: Raievska I.Yu. , Raievska M.Yu.
Published: June 2020

It is proved that for ${p>2}$ every finite non-metacyclic $2$-generated p-group of nilpotency class $2$ with cyclic commutator subgroup is the additive group of a local nearring and in particular of a nearring with identity. It is also shown that the subgroup of all non-invertible elements of this nearring is of index $p$ in its additive group.