bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrição mineral das plantas ornamentais: IV. carências nutricionais em roseira
Authors: Haag H. P. , Oliveira G. D. , Dechen A. R. , Mattos J. R.
Published: June 2012

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) Obter um quadro sintomatológico das carências de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn: 2) Aquilatar o efeito da omissão e presença dos nutrientes sobre o crescimento e composição química das diversas partes da planta. Plantas de roseira (Rosa spp, var. Happiness) foram cultivadas em vasos contendo silica e irrigados com solução nutritiva completa e deficiente nos macro e micronutrientes. Surgidos os sintomas de deficiência as plantas foram coletadas, secas e analisadas para os elementos em estudo. Os autores descrevem os sintomas e apresentam dados analíticos referentes a plantas sadias e desnutridas.
Influência da interação do pré-aquecimento e da remoção da película externa, na elaboração de passas de banana
Authors: Fonseca Homero , Nogueira João N. , Annicchino A. Valéria K. O.
Published: June 2012

O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de verificar a influência do prévio aquecimento em estufa e da remoção da película externa da banana na elaboração de banana passa. Esses tratamentos foram empregados antes da imersão da banana, por 10 minutos em solução aquecida a 40°C de metabisulfito de potássio a 2%, cujo pH foi ajustado a 2,9. Concluiu-se que o pré-aquecimento exerce uma ação bastante favorável no controle do escurecimento enzímico, visto que, o seu emprego resultou em produtos de muito melhor aspecto. A remoção da película da banana, não teve influência nas amostras pré-aquecidas mas influenciou negativamente as amostras que não sofreram pré-aquecimento.
Acumulação diferencial de nutrientes por cinco cultivares de milho (Zea mays L.): III - diagnose foliar
Authors: Andrade A.G. de , Haag H.P. , Oliveira G.D.de , Sarruge J.R.
Published: June 2012

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de se aquilatar diferenças nos níveis críticos entre os cultivares Agroceres 256, Agroceres 504, Centralmex, H-7974 e Piranão. O ensaio foi conduzido no Município de Piracicaba, SP, tendo como suporte um Regossol arenoso de média fertilidade. Foram seguidas as práticas culturais comuns e a adubação constuiu de 83 g da fórmula 30-120-70, por metro linear no plantio e 33 g/ /metro linear da fórmula 50-0-45 em cobertura. A população de plantas foi de 50.000 por hectare. Aos 60 dias após o plantio e no florescimento foram coletadas as folhas (+4) e da inserção da espiga, para fins de diagnose. Foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe, na matéria seca das folhas (+4) dos cultivares aos 60 dias após o plantio, e nas concentrações de P, K, Cu e Fe na folha da inserção da espiga, na fase de florescimento. Diferenças estas que não afetam a produção de grãos. A extensão das diferenças entre cultivares nos níveis foliares dos nutrientes depende da época de amostragem. As coletas feitas em épocas fisiológicas determinadas tende a diminuir estas diferenças. Cultivares com potenciais de produção semelhantes podem ser tratados igualmente em relação à análise de folhas, desde que se adote uma faixa de teores adequados.
Impregnação de amostras de solo com "polylite 8001"
Authors: Dechen S.C.F. , Mendes A.C.T.
Published: June 2012

O trabalho descreve a impregnação de amostras de solo utilizando a resina poliéster Polylite 8001, com a posterior finalidade de preparo de seções delgadas. Dentre as várias proporções examinadas entre resina, monômero de estireno (solvente) e peróxido de metil-etil-cetona (peróxido de MEK; catalisador), a de 70% de resina, 30% de monômero e 8 gotas de catalisador para cada 100 ml de resina, foi achada ser a melhor. Um produto impregnado de elevada dureza, isótropo sob luz polarizada e que não alterou a estrutura das amostras, são algumas das vantagens dessa resina sobre outros tipos.
Emprego de herbicidas do grupo das uréias substituídas na cultura da cenoura (Daucus carota L.): I - controle das plantas daninhas
Authors: Lucchesi Antonio Augusto , Simão Salim , Minami Keigo
Published: June 2012

Foi realizado no Campo Experimental do Setor de Horticultura da ESALQ, Piracicaba - SP, um experimento com a finalidade de verificar o efeito do linuron, cloroxuron e clorobromuron no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da cenoura cv. "Kuroda". Foram testadas as dosagens mínima e máxima recomendadas pelos produtores dos herbicidas, em pré e pós-emergência das plantas daninhas. O linuron, tanto em pré com em pós-emergência, foi o mais eficiente, e o clorobromuron também deu bons resultados. O menos eficiente foi o cloroxuron a 6 kg/ha (dosagem mínima). Os herbicidas não conseguiram impedir o desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas até o final da cultura, havendo necessidade de se aplicar, talvez, uma outra dosagem após 40 dias de semeadura de cenoura.
Efeitos do tratamento de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), arroz (Oryza sativa L.) e soja [Glycine max (L.) Merril] com alguns fungicidas não mercuriais
Authors: Marcos Filho Julio , Ferraz Antonio Carlos
Published: June 2012

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento de sementes de arroz, algodão e soja, quando tratadas com íungicidas não mercuriais, através de testes de germinação e de vigor. Foram utilizados os seguintes produtos: Arasan (Thiram 75% i.a.), Panoctine (Guazatine 75% i.a.) e Terracoat (23,2% PCNB + 5,8% Terrazole). A dosagem do 1º produto foi de 100 g/100 kg de sementes enquanto que, para os outros dois, foram de 200, 400 e 600 cm³/100 kg. Nas condições do experimento, as três dosagens de Panoctine foram tóxicas para sementes de arroz e a dose mais alta prejudicou o vigor de soja e de algodão. Por outro lado Arasan e Terracoat não prejudicaram a germinação e vigor de arroz e de soja e apresentarm efeitos benéficos sobre o vigor de sementes de algodão.
Ação de giberelina e auxina em diferentes regiões do cacho de bananas em desenvolvimento
Authors: Sampaio Vladimir R. , Castro Paulo R.C. , Barbin Décio
Published: June 2012

Estudaram-se os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de giberelinas e do ácido 2-hidroximetil 4-clofofenoxiacético em cachos de bananas da cultivar 'Nanicão'. As pulverizações dos produtos isolados ou em combinação, foram efetuadas no cacho inteiro, ou então somente nas duas pencas terminais. As aplicações foram realizadas por ocasião do surgimento da última penca nos cachos. Os tratamentos não alteraram os seguintes parâmetros mensurados: comprimento do fruto médio do cacho, comprimento do fruto da penúltima penca e do peso dos frutos da penúltima e última pencas.
Efeito da aplicação sucessiva de precipitações pluviais com diferentes perfis na taxa de infiltração de água no solo
Authors: Zonta João Henrique , Martinez Mauro Aparecido , Pruski Fernando Falco , Silva Demetrius David da , Santos Marcelo Rocha dos
Published: June 2012

O processo de infiltração é influenciado pelas condições da superfície do solo e pela precipitação pluvial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de aplicações sucessivas de precipitações pluviais com diferentes perfis na formação do encrostamento superficial e, consequentemente, na taxa de infiltração de água em solo sem cobertura e com cobertura. Foram aplicadas três precipitações pluviais sucessivas para cada perfil de precipitação pluvial, em intervalos de 24 h, sendo usados os perfis de precipitação pluvial constante, exponencial decrescente, duplo exponencial adiantado e atrasado, com uma lâmina média de 55 mm por aplicação. Buscou-se ajustar um fator de decaimento da taxa de infiltração (Ti) em função da energia cinética acumulada da chuva, denominado de fator f, dado pela razão entre a taxa de infiltração estável (Tie) com efeito da chuva e a Tie sem o efeito da chuva. Foram avaliadas duas condições de cobertura do solo, solo sem cobertura e solo coberto com palhada, sendo os ensaios de infiltração realizados com um simulador de chuvas, em parcelas experimentais de dimensões de 1,0 x 0,7 m. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de análises gráficas, análise de variância e teste de média. Verificou-se que os diferentes perfis de precipitação pluvial não influenciaram a infiltração de água no solo, tanto para o solo sem cobertura como para o solo com cobertura, sendo esta influenciada somente pelas aplicações sucessivas, com menores valores da taxa de infiltração obtidos na segunda e terceira aplicações. O decréscimo na Ti em solo sem cobertura foi devido à formação de encrostamento superficial, o que ocorreu logo na primeira aplicação. A Tie em solo sem cobertura teve decréscimo de 75 % se comparada à Tie em solo com cobertura. A lâmina infiltrada não foi influenciado pelos quatro perfis de precipitação pluvial. O fator f foi descrito com uso de uma equação do tipo exponencial.
Soil CO2 flux: a method comparison of closed static chambers in a sugarcane field
Authors: Ivo Walane Maria Pereira de Mello , Salcedo Ignacio Hernán
Published: June 2012

A large variety of techniques have been used to measure soil CO2 released from the soil surface, and much of the variability observed between locations must be attributed to the different methods used by the investigators. Therefore, a minimum protocol of measurement procedures should be established. The objectives of this study were (a) to compare different absorption areas, concentrations and volumes of the alkali trapping solution used in closed static chambers (CSC), and (b) to compare both, the optimized alkali trapping solution and the soda-lime trapping using CSC to measure soil respiration in sugarcane areas. Three CO2 absorption areas were evaluated (7; 15 and 20 % of the soil emission area or chamber); two volumes of NaOH (40 and 80 mL) at three concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mol L-1). Three different types of alkaline traps were tested: (a), 80 mL of 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH in glass containers, absorption area 15 % (V0.5); (b) 40 mL of 2 mol L-1 NaOH retained in a sponge, absorption area 80 % (S2) and (c) 40 g soda lime, absorption area 15 % (SL). NaOH concentrations of 0.5 mol L-1 or lower underestimated the soil CO2-C flux or CO2 flux. The lower limit of the alkali trap absorption area should be a minimum of 20 % of the area covered by the chamber. The 2 mol L-1 NaOH solution trap (S2) was the most efficient (highest accuracy and highest CO2 fluxes) in measuring soil respiration.
Fatores de personalidade como preditores do consumo de álcool por estudantes universitários
Authors: Natividade Jean Carlos , Aguirre Alba Recalde , Bizarro Lisiane , Hutz Claudio Simon
Published: June 2012

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar diferenças em fatores de personalidade entre pessoas que consumiram, ou não, álcool na vida, e entre pessoas que ingeriram com maior e menor frequência álcool nos últimos três meses, e testar o poder preditivo dos fatores para o consumo de álcool na vida e para o consumo de álcool, ao menos, mensal. Participaram 169 universitários, 66,7% mulheres, média de idade 21,2 anos. Declararam ter consumido álcool na vida 90,1% dos participantes; 42,3% consumiram até duas vezes nos últimos três meses e 57,7% consumiram, ao menos, mensalmente. Participantes com consumo menos frequente nos últimos três meses obtiveram maiores médias nos fatores de personalidade socialização e realização, já os que consumiram mais frequentemente pontuaram mais em extroversão. Um modelo preditivo revelou que incrementos em extroversão contribuíram no aumento das chances de beber álcool; acréscimos em realização diminuíram as chances do consumo. Características de personalidade foram capazes de diferenciar grupos de bebedores e predizer a frequência de consumo de álcool.
Influence of apical foramen lateral opening and file size on cemental canal instrumentation
Authors: Souza Ronaldo Araújo , Sousa Yara T. Corrêa Silva , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli de , Dantas João da Costa Pinto , Colombo Suely , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: June 2012

Since instrumentation of the apical foramen has been suggested for cleaning and disinfection of the cemental canal, selection of the file size and position of the apical foramen have challenging steps. This study analyzed the influence of apical foramen lateral opening and file size can exert on cemental canal instrumentation. Thirty-four human maxillary central incisors were divided in two groups: Group 1 (n=17), without flaring, and Group 2 (n=17), with flaring with LA Axxess burs. K-files of increasing diameters were progressively inserted into the canal until binding at the apical foramen was achieved and tips were visible and bonded with ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive. Roots/files set were cross-sectioned 5 mm from the apex. Apices were examined by scanning electron microscopy at ×140 and digital images were captured. Data were analyzed statistically by Student’s t test and Fisher’s exact test at 5% significance level. SEM micrographs showed that 19 (56%) apical foramina emerged laterally to the root apex, whereas 15 (44%) coincided with it. Significantly more difficulty to reach the apical foramen was noted in Group 2. Results suggest that the larger the foraminal file size, the more difficult the apical foramen instrumentation may be in laterally emerged cemental canals.
Effects of chemical composition on the corrosion of dental alloys
Authors: Galo Rodrigo , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira , Rocha Luís Augusto , Mattos Maria da Glória Chiarello de
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the oral environment on the corrosion of dental alloys with different compositions, using electrochemical methods. The corrosion rates were obtained from the current-potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effect of artificial saliva on the corrosion of dental alloys was dependent on alloy composition. Dissolution of the ions occurred in all tested dental alloys and the results were strongly dependent on the general alloy composition. Regarding the alloys containing nickel, the Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Ti alloys released 0.62 mg/L of Ni on average, while the Co-Cr dental alloy released ions between 0.01 and 0.03 mg/L of Co and Cr, respectively.The open-circuit potential stabilized at a higher level with lower deviation (standard deviation: Ni-Cr-6Ti = 32 mV/SCE and Co-Cr = 54 mV/SCE). The potenciodynamic curves of the dental alloys showed that the Ni-based dental alloy with >70 wt% of Ni had a similar curve and the Co-Cr dental alloy showed a low current density and hence a high resistance to corrosion compared with the Ni-based dental alloys. Some changes in microstructure were observed and this fact influenced the corrosion behavior for the alloys. The lower corrosion resistance also led to greater release of nickel ions to the medium. The quantity of Co ions released from the Co-Cr-Mo alloy was relatively small in the solutions. In addition, the quantity of Cr ions released into the artificial saliva from the Co-Cr alloy was lower than Cr release from the Ni-based dental alloys.
Frigoconservação das pontas de estolões na produção de muda com torrão e frutas de morangueiro
Authors: Schmitt Odair José , Andriolo Jerônimo Luiz , Toso Vinícius , Janisch Djeimi Isabel , Dal Picio Miriane , Lerner Maíne Alessandra
Published: June 2012

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito da frigoconservação das pontas de estolões na produção de plug plants e frutas de morangueiro. O experimento foi realizado em Santa Maria, RS, com mudas das cultivares 'Camarosa', 'Diamante' e 'Arazá', produzidas a partir de pontas de estolões submetidas ao armazenamento refrigerado por 0; 7; 14; 21; 28; e 35 dias na temperatura de 0,5±0,3°C e umidade relativa de 95±1%. Após a frigoconservação, as pontas de estolões foram enraizadas para produção de mudas, as quais foram plantadas no solo para produção de frutas. A taxa de sobrevivência e o número de folhas das mudas foram avaliados após o período de enraizamento. O número de frutas e de estolões emitidos e a produção de frutas foram avaliados durante os meses de junho a novembro de 2010. Concluiu-se que a frigoconservação das pontas de estolões para posterior enraizamento e produção de plug plants não afeta o crescimento e a taxa de sobrevivência das mudas. A produção de frutas das plantas oriundas dessas mudas diminui com o aumento do período de frigoconservação, enquanto a emissão de estolões aumenta linearmente, com diferenças entre as cultivares.
Beyond the playground: the representation of reality in fashion dolls' advertisements
Authors: Almeida Danielle Barbosa Lins de
Published: June 2012

This article analyses the meanings conveyed by the discourse of web advertisements of the Brazilian fashion doll Susi, extracted from www.estrela.com.br. Drawing on Halliday's (1994) Systemic Functional Grammar for the analysis of the transitivity features and nominal groups, it focuses on the topics that Susi's ads reflect, the roles they convey and the type of relationship established among its participants. The analyses of the transitivity features of Susi's virtual advertisements have pointed to the construction of a world textually characterized by activities typical of the upper-middle class, which revolve around material and relational processes. The analysis of the nominal groups further specify the nature of such activities by relating them to affairs such as fashion, beauty, diet, sports, leisure, studies and career, altering, therefore, a traditional view on women's representation centered on the domestic sphere.
Em busca do gênero lenda urbana
Authors: Lopes Carlos Renato
Published: June 2012

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo situar, do ponto de vista teórico, um gênero narrativo em ampla circulação nas sociedades contemporâneas, em especial nos meios virtuais: as chamadas lendas urbanas. Num primeiro momento, são discutidas diferentes definições de lenda urbana - propostas dentro de campos de investigação distintos, como os estudos de folclore e a sociologia -, buscando-se dar ênfase aos aspectos discursivos implicados na constituição do gênero. Em seguida, são explorados os limites e intersecções entre esse e outros dois gêneros afins e freqüentemente confundidos: o rumor e o fait divers. Conclui-se a discussão por meio de uma revisão e questionamento da própria problemática da delimitação de um gênero discursivo.
Avaliação da conformidade do transporte neonatal para hospital de referência do Ceará
Authors: Albuquerque Ana Marita Araújo de , Leite Álvaro Jorge Madeiro , Almeida Nádia Maria Girão Saraiva de , Silva Cristiana Ferreira da
Published: June 2012

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a conformidade do transporte neonatal prestado a recém-nascidos no Estado do Ceará. MÉTODOS: pesquisa avaliativa normativa. Foram estudados recém-nascidos transportados até uma unidade neonatal de referência de Fortaleza-CE. Avaliou-se a conformidade dos transportes neonatais às normas técnicas em vigência, abordando aspectos da comunicação pré-transporte, características da equipe e unidade de transporte e condições clínicas de chegada dos recém-nascidos transportados e classificando-os em: a) transporte padrão; b) condições mínimas de transporte; c) transporte inadequado. Cada transporte neonatal avaliado foi representado por média aritmética calculada com base nos percentuais obtidos dos itens avaliados e distribuídas em tercis, classificando-os em alta, média ou baixa conformidade. RESULTADOS: foram analisados os transportes de 75 recém-nascidos com médias de peso e de idade gestacional de 2121g e 34,3 semanas respectivamente. A idade média por ocasião da admissão foi de 64,7 horas de vida. Os transportes neonatais realizados apresentaram deficiências graves, com nítido descumprimento das normas vigentes. Cerca de 70% dos recém-nascidos foram transportados de forma inadequada. Nenhum transporte neonatal foi considerado padrão. Maiores proporções de conformidade foram observadas nos aspectos referentes à comunicação pré-transporte, características da equipe e unidade de transporte. CONCLUSÕES: os transportes neonatais apresentaram deficiências nos aspectos: comunicação pré-transporte, adequação da equipe e unidade de transporte e condições clínicas de chegada.
Caracterização dos seminários por webconferência sobre saúde do adolescente e jovem da rede de núcleos de telessaúde de Pernambuco
Authors: Cruz Elisabeth Lima Dias da , Novaes Magdala de Araújo , Machiavelli Josiane Lemos , Menezes Valdenice Aparecida de
Published: June 2012

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar o perfil dos seminários por webconferência sobre saúde do adolescente e jovem, a partir dos registros do serviço de tele-educação da Rede de Núcleos de Telessaúde (RedeNUTES) de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados de 1348 participações de profissionais de saúde nos seminários ocorridos no ano de 2009. RESULTADOS: a RedeNUTES esteve presente em 45% dos municípios de Pernambuco. Foram realizados 148 seminários (19% - saúde do adolescente e jovem) com participação de todas as Gerências Regionais de Saúde; destacando a participação das equipes de enfermagem (51%) e saúde bucal (16,5%). No momento de troca de experiências foram feitos 151 esclarecimentos de dúvidas (média de 5,4 dúvidas por seminário), destacando as mesmas equipes em 55,5% e 19,7%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: existe uma necessidade de estimular a participação dos profissionais de saúde nas capacitações permanentes para fortalecer as ações de promoção da saúde e o cuidado integral de forma contínua ao grupo dos adolescentes.
Hypoplastic Cam-clay model
Authors: MAšíN D.
Published: June 2012

A rearrangement of the hypoplastic constitutive equation is proposed that enables the incorporation of an asymptotic state boundary surface of an arbitrary predefined shape into the model, with any corresponding asymptotic strain-rate direction. This opens the way for further development of hypoplastic models. To demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed approach, a hypoplastic equivalent of the modified Cam-clay model is developed. A comparison of the predictions of the elasto-plastic and hypoplastic models reveals the merits of the hypoplastic formulation. Although both models predict the same asymptotic states, hypoplasticity predicts a smooth transition between overconsolidated and normally consolidated states, and thus accounts for the non-linearity of the soil behaviour inside the state boundary surface in a natural manner.
Fatigue capacity of a new connection system for a prestressed concrete hybrid truss web girder
Authors: Jung Kwang-Hoe , Yi Jong-Won , Lee Sang-Hyu , Ha Ju-Hyung , Kim Jang-Ho Jay
Published: June 2012

To replace a steel box bridge with construction of medium-span bridges in Korea, prestressed concrete box girder bridges with steel truss web members, also known as hybrid truss bridges (HTBs), are being considered as an alternative bridge type. The core technology of HTB is the connection joint that links the concrete slabs and steel truss pipes. Various construction companies in Japan have developed unique connection systems and applied them to real bridge constructions after verifying their performance through experimental evaluation. In this study, static fatigue tests of a hybrid truss girder have been performed to verify static and fatigue capacities of the newly proposed hinge-type connection system with circular ribs. Based on structural finite-element analysis simulations of the joint's fatigue test result, the simulation results proved that the proposed connection joint has sufficient fatigue capacity for structural application. Finally, it is expected that the hinge connection system with circular ribs developed in this study can be easily applied to real HTB bridge construction.
Variations in the Ce radiative transition by oxygen doping in Ca0.55Sr0.45Ga2S4: Ce blue electroluminescent phosphor
Authors: Rack Philip D. , Holloway Paul H. , Sun Sey‐Shing
Published: June 2012

Abstract— The chemical bonding state of Ce in un‐doped and oxygen‐doped Ca0.55Sr0.45Ga2S4: Ce has been investigated with x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis shows that the Ce in the un‐doped and the oxygen‐doped samples has a (+3) valence state. However, the oxygen‐doped XPS spectra have substantially larger low‐energy shoulders on the Ce 3d peaks. The low‐energy shoulders correspond to a charge‐transfer state of Ce (i.e., (5d6s)04f23d9O[S]2p5 [3p5]) which suggests that the charge‐transfer state is more favorable for the oxygen ligand vs. the sulfur ligand. Thermodynamic calculations predict that the replacement of Ce‐S bonds with Ce‐O bonds is thermodynamically possible. Electroluminescent (EL) emission spectra were taken for un‐doped and oxygen‐doped samples and show that the peak emission shifts to lower wavelengths (blue shift) with increasing oxygen concentration. It is suggested that oxygen ligands locally change the ionicity of the Ce+3 luminescent centers which shifts the emission to lower wavelengths according to the nephelauxetic effect.
High‐performance alkaline‐earth thiogallate blue‐emitting ACTFEL devices
Authors: Sun Sey‐Shing , Dickey Eric , Tuenge Richard , Wentross Randy , Kane James
Published: June 2012

Abstract— Significant improvement in the luminescent performance of SrxCa1−xGa2S4: Ce (0 < × < 1) EL devices was achieved by optimizing the Sr/Ca ratio and oxygen doping. The key factor for improvement is oxygen doping of thiogallate thin films. Microstructural analysis from x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that oxygen doping increased crystal grain size and induced a preferred orientation along (602) planes. Photoluminescence studies showed the luminescence decay time increased with oxygen doping, indicating the suppression of non‐radiative energy transitions at structural defects, e.g., sulfur vacancies, due to improved crystalline quality of the thiogallate thin films. The emission color blue shift in oxygen‐doped Sr‐Ca mixed thiogallate was attributed to the preferential substitution of Ce3+ for Sr2+ rather than Ca2+ due to a better match of ion size and a possible ordering effect from lattice strain introduced by oxygen incorporation. The threshold‐field reduction and steeper turn‐on near threshold in oxygen‐doped devices was considered to be a result of the introduction of shallow trapping states at the insulator/phosphor interface and the elimination of bulk trapping states by oxygen doping.
High‐quality ZnS thin‐film growth for flat‐panel displays
Authors: Tong W. , Tran T. K. , Park W. , Schön S. , Wagner B. K. , Summers C. J.
Published: June 2012

Abstract— A comprehensive study is reported of the chemical‐beam epitaxy (CBE) and metalorganic molecular‐beam epitaxy (MOMBE) growth of undoped and Mn‐doped ZnS on (100) silicon and GaAs substrates for applications in advanced electroluminescent displays and optoelectronic device integration. Low‐temperature photoluminescence studies on undoped ZnS at 10K show highly pronounced excitonic and band‐edge emission bands with several orders of associated longitudinal optical phonon replicas. The homogeneously Mn‐doped ZnS layers showed the characteristic orange luminescence which depended on the concentration of Mn. However, Mn delta‐doped ZnS exhibited much brighter luminescence than the ZnS homogeneously doped with a comparable number of Mn ions. The temperature dependence of the Mn luminescence was investigated in detail. Different temperature dependences were observed from the homogeneously and delta‐doped ZnS layers. A single‐parameter configuration model was applied and found to explain the luminescence properties of homogeneously doped ZnS. For delta‐doped ZnS, the configuration coordinate model failed and the antiferromagnetic interaction between the Mn ions must be considered to explain the observed results.
A comparison of the degradation mechanisms in ZnS and Y2O2S:Eu powder FED phosphors
Authors: Trottier T. A. , Swart H. C. , Jones S. L. , Sebastian J. S. , Holloway P. H.
Published: June 2012

Abstract— The degradation of Y2O2S:Eu phosphor powders was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and cathodoluminescence (CL). The phosphors were exposed to electron bombardment (2 keV, 2 mA/cm2) at residual background gas pressures from 2 × 10−8 to 10 × 10−8 Torr. The results indicate that the degradation is due to electron‐stimulated surface reactions caused by electron‐beam dissociation of molecular species at the phosphor surface. AES data show that the surface was initially contaminated by C‐containing impurities, and that both C and S were depleted during electron bombardment. Increased rates of depletion of C and S were observed for higher pressures, suggesting that the concentration of molecular species on the phosphor surface was limiting the rate of reaction and removal of C and S. Quantification of the AES results and inspection of CL spectrum suggest that the surface was converted to a non‐activated Y2O3. Comparison of the degradation of Y2O2S:Eu and ZnS:X (X = Ag, Cl or X = Al, Au, Cu) showed that ZnS phosphors were more susceptible to degradation caused by surface changes induced by electron‐beam bombardment. The degradation rate of the ZnS phosphors was approximately 3 times faster than the Y2O2S:Eu.
Optical properties of homogeneously Mn‐doped ZnS nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Il , Isobe Tetsuhiko , Senna Mamoru , Takahashi Shin‐ichi
Published: June 2012

Abstract— Homogeneously Mn‐doped ZnS nanoparticles were made by precipitation in a methanolic media with the aid of methacrylic acid at room temperature. In order to elucidate the role of methacrylic acid, the distributions of Mn2+ ions in the ZnS nanoparticles under different conditions were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Photoluminescence (PL) intensity of ZnS nanoparticles increased with decreasing particle size.
Putting Public Health Into Practice: A Model for Assessing the Relationship Between Local Health Departments and Practicing Physicians
Authors: Parton Hilary B. , Perlman Sharon E. , Koppaka Ram , Greene Carolyn M.
Published: June 2012

The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (Health Department) surveyed practicing NYC physicians to quantify Health Department resource use. Although the Health Department successfully reaches most physicians, and information is valued in practice, knowledge of several key resources was low. Findings suggested 3 recommendations for all local health departments seeking to enhance engagement with practicing physicians: (1) capitalize on physician interest, (2) engage physicians early and often, and (3) make interaction with the health department easy. Also, older physicians may require targeted outreach.
Polymerization of Glutenin during Grain Development and Quality Expression in Winter Wheat in Response to Irrigation Levels
Authors: Jia Dianyong , Dai Xinglong , He Mingrong
Published: June 2012

Changes in the content and size distribution of glutenin were monitored using size‐exclusion‐high performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) during grain filling under field conditions in two seasons. Effects of irrigation levels on the constituent polypeptides (high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin unit), polymerization index (the percentage of sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]‐insoluble glutenins in total glutenins) of glutenin, glutenin macropolymer (GMP) particle size, dough mixing properties, and baking quality were examined. Drought or excess watering led to a reduced polymerization index at maturity resulting from modification of grain desiccation and accumulation of SDS‐insoluble glutenin. Glutenin particle size at maturity decreased under drought or excess watering and was associated with reduced ratio of a high molecular weight glutenin subunit to a low molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS:LMW‐GS). The polymerization index of glutenin and GMP particle size were significantly positively correlated to dough stability times and loaf volume whereas no significant correlation existed among flour protein content, wet gluten content, dough stability times, and loaf volume. Therefore, dough mixing properties and baking quality were affected by irrigation levels mainly through changing the polymerization index of glutenin and GMP particle size in flour.
Leaf Photosynthesis, Growth, and Seed Chemicals of Sacha Inchi Plants Cultivated Along an Altitude Gradient
Authors: Cai Z. Q. , Jiao D. Y. , Tang S. X. , Dao X. S. , Lei Y. B. , Cai C. T.
Published: June 2012

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is known to naturally grow under a wide range of elevational gradients in South America. We assessed the combined effects of altitude (560, 900, 1200, and 1490 m asl) and season on leaf‐ and whole‐plant traits and seed chemicals of sacha inchi plants in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, to explore the optimum altitudinal zone for its cultivation. Leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), and dark respiration (Rd) were greatest in the wet season and lowest in the cool season. With similar values in the wet season between altitudes, the reduction in Amax and gs was greater in plants growing in higher elevations than in lower elevations in the cool season. Plant biomass and fruit production were highest at lower altitudes and dramatically decreased above 900 m, which can primarily be attributed to a C source limitation. Sacha inchi could be useful for cropping in cooler regions because the reproductive growth is adapted to high elevations. The oil and protein content and linolenic and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) concentrations in seeds were highest in the cool season. With an increase in elevation, the linolenic and UFA concentrations in seeds increased. We concluded that lower altitudes (<900 m) could be the optimum zone for growth and yield of sacha inchi plants whereas seeds collected from plants growing at higher altitudes (>900 m) and in the cool season appear to have better quality.
The Facts about Sunn Hemp Toxicity
Authors: Mosjidis Jorge A. , Burke Joan M. , Hess Joseph B.
Published: June 2012

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual plant widely grown in the tropics. The genus Crotalaria includes some species known to be toxic to animals. Development of seed‐producing cultivars for the continental United States at Auburn University, AL, has raised the question of whether its seeds and forage are toxic. This review will present the evidence reported in the literature on the presence of toxic compounds in sunn hemp seed and foliage and other Crotalaria species found in the United States and their effect on animals. Results from research on sunn hemp demonstrate it is a valuable source of forage without toxic effects. The seed does not cause acute toxicity to domestic animals because it has only a small amount of the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids characteristic of the genus Crotalaria. Therefore, its presence as a feed contaminant does not pose a problem. However, sunn hemp seed should not be incorporated in animal diets because, depending on the amount in the diet and the length of time that the diet is fed, it may cause weight loss and potential death. Conflicting reports found in the literature regarding seed toxicity of C. juncea appear to be caused by the amount of seed included in the diet, length of time the diet was fed, and animal species that consumed it. Statements indicating that sunn hemp forage is toxic seem to be due to misinterpretation of the literature and unwarranted extension of the toxicity problems found in other Crotalaria species to sunn hemp.
Weeping Lovegrass Yield and Nutritive Value Provides an Alternative to Beef Cattle Feeding in Semiarid Environments of Argentina
Authors: Luciani Gabriela , Sobanski Manfredo , Meier Mauro , Polci Pablo , Miranda Rubén , Echenique Viviana
Published: June 2012

Weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] supports extensive beef cattle operations in arid and semiarid environments worldwide. This perennial grass is preferred in low production areas of Argentina because it has a high biomass production with minimal management requirements. Therefore, we evaluated yield and nutritional value of seven different cultivars and accessions of weeping lovegrass in a field experiment during two consecutive years (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). Two tetraploid cultivars (Tanganyika and Morpa), three hexaploid cultivars (Don Pablo, Don Juan, and Don Eduardo), and two accessions (UNST9355 and UNST9446) were included in a complete randomized block design. To evaluate yield and nutritional value, dry weight, leaf length, crown diameter, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin were determined. Biomass and IVDMD data indicated that hexaploid cultivars performed better than tetraploid ones under limiting environmental conditions observed throughout the study. Therefore, we concluded that breeding programs could select suitable parents from hexaploid cultivars such as Don Pablo and UNST9446 to be used in arid environments while tetraploid cultivars such as Tanganyika and Morpa could be used in environments with less water restrictions.
Diffuse pesticide pollution of drinking water sources: impact of legislation and UK responses
Authors: Dolan T. , Howsam P. , Parsons D. J.
Published: June 2012

Diffuse pesticide pollution is a problem for the environment, but it also presents a challenge for water companies managing treatment infrastructure to produce potable water. The legal framework for this context has three main components: that dealing with pesticides and pesticide use, that dealing with environmental water quality and that dealing with drinking water quality. The study set out to identify, interpret and assess the impact of the legal framework related to this challenge. The study found that the current policy and legislation do not provide a coordinated legal framework and some changes are warranted. For example the Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets environmental quality standards for some, but not all, pesticides. Article 7 provides special protection of water bodies used as sources for drinking water supply, but it is not clear whether the UK will achieve full compliance by 2015. This is a problem for water companies planning investment, because the WFD and Drinking Water Directive remain legally distinct. Further uncertainty arises from the application of Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 and the extent that restricted availability of pesticides will drive changes in agricultural practice and pesticide use.
The association between cholesterol levels and brachial/aortic augmentation index versus cognitive status in patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Joacabine Catalin , Padurariu Manuela , Ciobica A. , Dobrin R. , Popescu C.D. , Mitu F.
Published: June 2012

Cardiovascular pathology appears to have a major impact in cognitive decline,
and early identification and correction of cardiovascular morbidity could
have a major protective impact on cognitive functioning. However, it is not
clear how the risk factors for vascular disease can also be risk factors for
a general cognitive decline. Regarding cholesterol, its implications in
cognitive decline are not very well understood, considering that a high level
of cholesterol has been associated with both an increased and decreased risk
of dementia. In the present context, we decided to study correlations between
cholesterol concentration and the various subdomains of some main
psychometric tests, such as MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA
(The Montreal Cognitive Assessment), as well as some measurements for
systemic arterial stiffness (brachial and aortic augmentation index) and how
they correlate with the aforementioned psychometric parameters. Our results
provide additional evidence for a correlation between cholesterol levels and
cognitive subdomains (with special focus on orientation, attention, recent
memory and long-term memory). Additionally, a significant correlation was
found between the brachial and aortic augmentation index and the results of
both MMSE and MOCA tests.
cDNA cloning and sequencing of ostrich Growth hormone
Authors: Doosti Abbas , Dehkordi Ghasemi , Khodabakhsh Hosein
Published: June 2012

In recent years, industrial breeding of ostrich (Struthio camelus) has been
widely developed in Iran. Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that
stimulates growth and cell reproduction in different animals. The aim of this
study was to clone and sequence the ostrich growth hormone gene in E. coli,
done for the first time in Iran. The cDNA that encodes ostrich growth hormone
was isolated from total mRNA of the pituitary gland and amplified by RT-PCR
using GH specific PCR primers. Then GH cDNA was cloned by T/A cloning
technique and the construct was transformed into E. coli. Finally, GH cDNA
sequence was submitted to the GenBank (Accession number: JN559394). The
results of present study showed that GH cDNA was successfully cloned in E.
coli. Sequencing confirmed that GH cDNA was cloned and that the length of
ostrich GH cDNA was 672 bp; BLAST search showed that the sequence of growth
hormone cDNA of the ostrich from Iran has 100% homology with other records
existing in GenBank.
Ghrelin effects on the activities of digestive enzymes and growth of Lymantria dispar L.
Authors: Peric-Mataruga Vesna , Janac Branka , Vlahovic Milena , Mrdakovic Marija , Ilijin Larisa , Matic Dragana , Milosevic Verica
Published: June 2012

Ghrelin, along with several other hormones, has significant effects on
appetite and growth in humans and animals. The aim of our study was to
examine changes in relative growth rates, ?- and ?-glucosidase activities and
endocrine cell size in the midgut of 4th instar caterpillars of the pest
insect Lymantria dispar L. after ghrelin treatment. Four subpicomolar
injections of ghrelin (0.3 pmol) or physiological saline were applied every
24 h to two separate groups of fifteen caterpillars. Repeated administration
of ghrelin in subpicomolar doses elevated the relative growth rate, induced
?- and ?-glucosidase activities and increased the size of endocrine cells.
The results are the first data about ghrelin effects on relative growth rate,
digestive enzyme activities and midgut endocrine cells in insects. This
information supports the use of this relatively simple model system in future
studies of mechanisms underlying digestion in complex organisms.
In vitro zygotic embryo culture of Pinus peuce Gris.: Optimization of culture conditions affecting germination and early seedling growth
Authors: Stojicic Dragana , Janosevic Dusica , Uzelac Branka , Cokesa V. , Budimir Snezana
Published: June 2012

This study reports a protocol for the germination and early seedling growth
of Pinus peuce Gris. using zygotic embryo culture. In order to overcome seed
dormancy and optimize organogenesis, the effect of nutritional, plant growth
regulatory and physical factors on in vitro germination and growth of
isolated mature zygotic embryos of P. peuce were investigated.
Distribution, morphological variability, ecology and the present state of Nitella from Lake Ohrid and its surroundings
Authors: Trajanovska Sonja , Blazencic Jelena , Trajanovski S. , Budzakoska-Gjoreska Biljana
Published: June 2012

Our research into 52 profiles of the littoral zone of the Macedonian part of
Lake Ohrid and numerous samples taken from its surroundings has resulted in a
detailed picture of the composition of the Charophyta vegetation in the lake.
The results of the research also include data regarding the species
composition and present state of Nitella. The dominant species of Nitella is
Nitella opaca, which is characterized by a specific distribution,
morphological variability and ecology. The present state of Nitella is not
steady, especially in the watershed of the lake, since in this area there are
some permanent changes in the hydrology of the terrain. Therefore, there is a
need to establish long-term and complex monitoring which will result in the
prompt detection of risk factors and influences, thereby enabling a rapid
reaction to a possible newly emerged negative state.
Assessing the status of endangered invertebrates from the ancient Lake Ohrid: The gastropod Chilopyrgula sturanyi
Authors: Budzakoska-Gjoreska Biljana , Trajanovski S. , Trajanovska Sonja
Published: June 2012

Lake Ohrid is the oldest and deepest lake on the Balkan Peninsula and one of
the five oldest lakes in the world. Two of the most striking attributes of
the species of the Lake?s fauna, especially the fauna of gastropods, are the
high level of biological diversity as well as a high percentage of endemism.
The main subject of interest in our research was to follow the distribution
and density of the endemic gastropod species Chilopyrgula sturanyi. For this
purpose different depth points of the transect Hydrobiological
Institute-Radozda as well as other littoral points on the northwestern part
of Lake Ohrid, were investigated. The results showed maximum density in the
population of Chilopyrgula sturanyi in the muddy lakebed covered by Chara
tomentosa. The minimum density in population was recorded on the lakebed
with gravel. Specimens of Chilopyrgula sturanyi were not recorded at the
depth of 50 m, where the lakebed is covered by a sandy-muddy substrate.
Effect of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the viability and fecundity of aphid Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: He Juan , Gao Huan-Huan , Zhao Hui-Yan , Monika Walter , Hu Zu-Aing , Hu Xiang-Shun
Published: June 2012

The present study examines the effect of static magnetic fields (SMF) on
aphids. The effect of a field of moderateintensity (1 mT-1 T) SMF on the life
of Sitobion avenae was estimated using the age-stage, two-sex life table.
Static magnetic fields were 0.065 T and 0.176 T and exposure was for 0, 15,
30, 60, and 120 min. The results show that the development, mortality, and
fecundity of S. avenae were significantly affected by SMF in the second
generation after exposure to 0.176 T for 30 min and to 0.065 T for 60 min in
comparison to the control group. We concluded that SMF affects the
development and reproduction of Sitobion avenae.
A new genus and species of the family Anthroleucosomatidae from Serbia (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)
Authors: Makarov S.E. , Curcic B.P.M. , Milincic M. , Pecelj Milica , Antic D. , Mitic B.M.
Published: June 2012

A new genus and species of Anthroleucosomatidae is described from Serbia.
Dazbogosoma naissi n. g. n. sp. is characterized by the presence of few
ocellae, apically bifurcated syncoxite, and the presence of complex lateral
parts of anterior gonopods with truncated process. The new genus belongs to
the Bulgarosoma complex of genera that probably deserve a suprageneric level.
Recurrent somatic embryogenesis in long-term cultures of Gentiana lutea L. as a source for synthetic seed production for medium-term preservation
Authors: Holobiuc Irina , Catana R.
Published: June 2012

Our aim was to establish an efficient and reproducible system for producing
synthetic seeds from recurrent somatic embryogenesis in long-term cultures of
Gentiana lutea L. This species is a vulnerable medicinal plant, protected
both at the national and international levels, and is included in different
Red Lists and Books. In vitro culture, as an alternative to classical methods
of preservation, allows for the cyclic multiplication of plant material and
short-, medium- and long-term preservation of tissue collections.
Biotechnological approaches allow for maintenance of the plant material in a
confined space and protection against biotic and abiotic factors. Somatic
embryogenesis (SE) is the most efficient way to regenerate plants, ensuring
material for preservation and fundamental research. In our experiment,
recurrent somatic embryogenesis was developed in long-term cultures in the
presence of sugar alcohols (mannitol, sorbitol) and in the absence of growth
factors. This process proceeded at a high rate, with adventive somatic
embryos being generated in a continuous process, followed by maturation,
germination and development into plants. To follow the somatic embryogenesis
process, histological samples were made. We used these embryogenic cultures
for synthetic seed production and medium-term conservation. The viability of
somatic embryos after moderate osmotic stress treatment was tested using TTC.
Our methodology relied on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in the
presence of auxins in the first cycle of in vitro cultures, long-term high
embryogenic culture maintenance in the presence of sugar alcohols and
synthetic seed production.