bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectories as Training Images to Simulate Advective‐Diffusive, Non‐Fickian Transport
Authors: Most Sebastian , Bolster Diogo , Bijeljic Branko , Nowak Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

We propose a spatial Markov model to simulate transport in three‐dimensional complex porous media flows. Our methodology is inspired by the concept of training images from geostatistics. Instead of using a training image we use highly resolved training trajectories obtained by high‐resolution particle tracking, from which we sample increments in our random walk model. To reflect higher‐order processes, subsequent increments are correlated. The approach can be split into three steps. First, we subdivide (cut) the training trajectories to form an archive of trajectory segments. Next, we recursively sample segments, where subsequent samples are chosen conditioned to the previous one to ensure continuity and smoothness of velocity (conditional copy). Finally, we merge (paste) consecutive segments together to generate simulated trajectories of arbitrary length. This training trajectory approach aims to overcome three common shortcomings of spatial Markov models: (1) We simulate finite‐Péclet transport in three dimensions without commonly made simplifications (e.g., dimensionality reduction, and neglecting diffusion). (2) We do not parameterize dependence via a high‐dimensional transition matrix. (3) We simulate transport at the resolution of the (highly resolved) training trajectories, which can be important for processes such as mixing and reaction. To validate our methodology, we apply it to simulate transport within a three‐dimensional sandstone sample and compare predictions of a broad range of benchmark metrics against measurements from direct numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the training trajectories approach accurately represents three‐dimensional particle motion, suggesting that this method can capture the governing dependence structure and simulate transport processes in full complexity.
What Ancient Rivers on Mars Reveal About Its “Great Drying”
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: March 2019

Dried-up rivers on Mars suggest that the planet was wet in the not-too-distant past.
Protracted amygdalar response predicts efficacy of a computer-based intervention targeting attentional patterns in transdiagnostic clinical anxiety
Authors: Woody Mary L. , Yang Jamie O. , Cummings Logan , Gilchrist Danielle , Graur Simona , Siegle Greg J. , Price Rebecca B.
Published: March 2019

Individuals with clinical anxiety demonstrate an attention bias toward threatening information, which is thought to be partially driven by heightened amygdala activity to perceived threat. Attention Bias Modification (ABM) is a computer-based treatment that trains attention toward neutral stimuli and away from threatening stimuli. Alterations in initial processing of threat have been linked to ABM responses, but the impact of protracted processing in the aftermath of neutral and threatening information on ABM outcomes has not been well studied. Our study tested whether sustained activity in the amygdala, which occurred after neutral and threatening stimuli had been removed, could predict which individuals would respond well to ABM. Unmedicated anxious individuals underwent a baseline fMRI assessment during performance of a task sensitive to protracted emotional processing. Afterward, they were randomized to complete eight sessions of ABM (n = 38) or a sham training (n = 19). ABM patients who displayed greater sustained bilateral amygdalar response in the aftermath of neutral stimuli displayed the least improvement in self-reported (but not clinician-rated) vigilance symptoms. In contrast, amygdalar response did not predict improvement in sham patients. Results suggest that in certain anxious individuals, the amygdala may have a robust protracted response even to subjectively neutral cues, which could make these individuals a poor fit for ABM because of its focus on repeatedly retraining attention toward neutral cues. Findings may help elucidate neural mechanisms of ABM and promote the identification of a subset of anxious patients who would be good candidates for this intervention.
The emerging role of exosomes in mental disorders
Authors: Saeedi Saumeh , Israel Sonia , Nagy Corina , Turecki Gustavo
Published: March 2019

Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, which are released by cells and are accessible in biofluids, such as saliva, urine, and plasma. These vesicles are enriched with small RNA, and they play a role in many physiological processes. In the brain, they are involved in processes including synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication and neurogenesis. While exosomes have been implicated previously in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, research regarding their role in mental disorders remains scarce. Given their functional significance in the brain, investigation in this field is warranted. Additionally, because exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they may serve as accessible biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Studying exosomes may provide information towards diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, and specifically those derived from the brain may provide a mechanistic view of the disease phenotype. This review will discuss the roles of exosomes in the brain, and relate novel findings to current insights into mental disorders.
Controllable hierarchical self-assembly of porphyrin-derived supra-amphiphiles
Authors: Wang Shu-Ping , Lin Wei , Wang Xiaolin , Cen Tian-Yong , Xie Hujun , Huang Jianying , Zhu Ben-Yue , Zhang Zibin , Song Aixin , Hao Jingcheng , Wu Jing , Li Shijun
Published: March 2019

Control of self-assembly is significant to the preparation of supramolecular materials and illustration of diversities in either natural or artificial systems. Supra-amphiphiles have remarkable advantages in the construction of nanostructures but control of shape and size of supramolecular nanostructures is still a great challenge. Here, we fabricate a series of supra-amphiphiles by utilizing the recognition motifs based on a heteroditopic porphyrin amphiphile and its zinc complex. These porphyrin amphiphiles can bind with a few guests including Cl–, coronene, C60, 4,4′-bipyridine and 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, which are further applied to facilitate the controllable self-assembly. Addition of these guests result in the formation of various supra-amphiphiles with well-defined structures, thus induce the generation of different aggregates. A diverse of aggregation morphologies including nanospheres, nanorods, films, spheric micelles, vesicles and macrowires are constructed upon the influence of specific complexation, which highlights the present work with abundant control on the shapes and dimensions of self-assemblies.
Noble gas as a functional dopant in ZnO
Authors: Malyi Oleksandr I. , Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Persson Clas
Published: March 2019

Owing to fully occupied orbitals, noble gases are considered to be chemically inert and to have limited effect on materials properties under standard conditions. However, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate herein that the insertion of noble gas (i.e. He, Ne, or Ar) in ZnO results in local destabilization of electron density of the material driven by minimization of an unfavorable overlap of atomic orbitals of the noble gas and its surrounding atoms. Specifically, the noble gas defect (interstitial or substitutional) in ZnO pushes the electron density of its surrounding atoms away from the defect. Simultaneously, the host material confines the electron density of the noble gas. As a consequence, the interaction of He, Ne, or Ar with O vacancies of ZnO in different charge states q (ZnO:VOq) affects the vacancy stability and their electronic structures. Remarkably, we find that the noble gas is a functional dopant that can delocalize the deep in-gap VOq states and lift electrons associated with the vacancy to the conduction band.
The impact of integrated disease management in high-risk COPD patients in primary care
Authors: Ferrone Madonna , Masciantonio Marcello G. , Malus Natalie , Stitt Larry , O’Callahan Tim , Roberts Zofe , Johnson Laura , Samson Jim , Durocher Lisa , Ferrari Mark , Reilly Margo , Griffiths Kelly , Licskai Christopher J. ,   The Primary Care Innovation Collaborative, Atkins Andrew , Baker Bill , Dalo Sara , Piccinato Jean , Waddick Denise , Wong Brice
Published: March 2019

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a reduced quality of life (QoL) and exacerbations that drive health service utilization (HSU). A majority of patients with COPD are managed in primary care. Our objective was to evaluate an integrated disease management, self-management, and structured follow-up intervention (IDM) for high-risk patients with COPD in primary care. This was a one-year multi-center randomized controlled trial. High-risk, exacerbation-prone COPD patients were randomized to IDM provided by a certified respiratory educator and physician, or usual physician care. IDM received case management, self-management education, and skills training. The primary outcome, COPD-related QoL, was measured using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Of 180 patients randomized from 8 sites, 81.1% completed the study. Patients were 53.6% women, mean age 68.2 years, post-bronchodilator FEV1 52.8% predicted, and 77.4% were Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease Stage D. QoL-CAT scores improved in IDM patients, 22.6 to 14.8, and worsened in usual care, 19.3 to 22.0, adjusted difference 9.3 (p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes including the Clinical COPD Questionnaire, Bristol Knowledge Questionnaire, and FEV1 demonstrated differential improvements in favor of IDM of 1.29 (p < 0.001), 29.6% (p < 0.001), and 100 mL, respectively (p = 0.016). Compared to usual care, significantly fewer IDM patients had a severe exacerbation, −48.9% (p < 0.001), required an urgent primary care visit for COPD, −30.2% (p < 0.001), or had an emergency department visit, −23.6% (p = 0.001). We conclude that IDM self-management and structured follow-up substantially improved QoL, knowledge, FEV1, reduced severe exacerbations, and HSU, in a high-risk primary care COPD population. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02343055.
Author Correction: Mimicking Embedded Vasculature Structure for 3D Cancer on a Chip Approaches through Micromilling
Authors: Wan L. , Skoko J. , Yu J. , Ozdoganlar O. B. , LeDuc P. R. , Neumann C. A.
Published: March 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Brain-machine interface cursor position only weakly affects monkey and human motor cortical activity in the absence of arm movements
Authors: Stavisky Sergey D. , Kao Jonathan C. , Nuyujukian Paul , Pandarinath Chethan , Blabe Christine , Ryu Stephen I. , Hochberg Leigh R. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Shenoy Krishna V.
Published: March 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Dogs demonstrate the existence of an epileptic seizure odour in humans
Authors: Catala Amélie , Grandgeorge Marine , Schaff Jean-Luc , Cousillas Hugo , Hausberger Martine , Cattet Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Although different studies have shown that diseases such as breast or lung cancer are associated with specific bodily odours, no study has yet tested the possibility that epileptic seizures may be reflected in an olfactory profile, probably because there is a large variety of seizure types. The question is whether a “seizure-odour”, that would be transversal to individuals and types of seizures, exists. This would be a pre requisite for potential anticipation, either by electronic systems (e.g., e-noses) or trained dogs. The aim of the present study therefore was to test whether trained dogs, as demonstrated for cancer or diabetes, may discriminate a general epileptic seizure odor (different from body odours of the same person in other contexts and common to different persons). The results were very clear: all dogs discriminated the seizure odour. The sensitivity and specificity obtained were amongst the highest shown up to now for discrimination of diseases. This constitutes a first proof that, despite the variety of seizures and individual odours, seizures are associated with olfactory characteristics. These results open a large field of research on the odour signature of seizures. Further studies will aim to look at potential applications in terms of anticipation of seizures.
A novel flow-based geometrical upscaling method to represent three-dimensional complex sub-seismic fault zone structures into a dynamic reservoir model
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Manzocchi Tom
Published: March 2019

Most hydrocarbon reservoirs contain faults, which are highly complex heterogeneous and anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) volumes of deformed rock. A major technical challenge in full-field flow simulation is to represent the effects of 3D fault zone structure within the two-dimensional (2D) fault planar surfaces using the industry standard commercial reservoir flow simulator due to its limited functionality. Therefore, a new flow-based geometrical upscaling (FBGU) method has been developed for capturing the effects of 3D fault zone structures in conventional low-resolution upscaled flow simulation models. Geometrical upscaling (GU) is the process of calculating across-fault and up-fault transmissibility arising from 3D flow paths through fault zones, and expressing these transmissibilities as implicit connections in a low-resolution upscaled flow simulation model. The high accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing the flow responses of high-resolution (referred as truth model in this paper) simulation models in which the 3D fault zone structure is represented explicitly in the grid geometry, with that of conventional resolution models in which it is upscaled using FBGU method. The flow results show that the newly developed FBGU method is extremely accurate and geometrically flexible.
Breast cancer occurrence after low dose radiotherapy of non-malignant disorders of the shoulder
Authors: Zwicker Felix , Kirchner Corinna , Huber Peter E. , Debus Jürgen , Zwicker Hansjörg , Klepper Rudolf
Published: March 2019

Stochastic long-term damages at relatively low doses have the potential for cancer induction. For the first time we investigated the occurrence of breast cancer in female patients after radiotherapy of non-malignant disorders of the shoulder and made a comparison with the estimated spontaneous incidence of mammary carcinoma for this cohort. In a geographically defined district with a population of approximately 100.000 inhabitants, comprehensive data of radiological diagnostics and radiotherapy were registered nearly completely for 41 years; data included mammography and radiotherapy of breast cancer patients as well as of non-malignant disorders. Within this population a collective of 158 women with radiotherapy of the shoulder was investigated. Radiotherapy was performed with cobalt-60 photons (Gammatron) with an average cumulative-dose of 6 Gy. The average follow-up time was 21.3 years. Patients were 55 years old (median) when radiotherapy of the shoulder was performed. Seven patients (4.4%) developed breast cancer after a median of 21 years. According to the incidence statistics, 9.4 +/− 1.8 (95%CI) cases (5.9%) would be expected. In regard to the irradiated shoulder neither the ipsilateral nor the contralateral breasts showed increased rates of breast cancer. An induction of additional breast cancer caused by radiation of non-malignant disorders of the shoulder wasn’t detected in the investigated cohort.
Alteration of cystic airway mesenchyme in congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Jiang Yi , Luo Yongfeng , Tang Yang , Moats Rex , Warburton David , Zhou Shengmei , Lou Jianlin , Pryhuber Gloria S. , Shi Wei , Wang Larry L.
Published: March 2019

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is the most common congenital lesion detected in the neonatal lung, which may lead to respiratory distress, infection, and pneumothorax. CPAM is thought to result from abnormal branching morphogenesis during fetal lung development, arising from different locations within the developing respiratory tract. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, and previous studies have focused on abnormalities in airway epithelial cells. We have analyzed 13 excised lung specimens from infants (age < 1 year) with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 CPAM, which is supposed to be derived from abnormal growth of intrapulmonary distal airways. By examining the mesenchymal components including smooth muscle cells, laminin, and elastin in airway and cystic walls using immunofluorescence staining, we found that the thickness and area of the smooth muscle layer underlining the airway cysts in these CPAM tissue sections were significantly decreased compared with those in bronchiolar walls of normal controls. Extracellular elastin fibers were also visually reduced or absent in airway cystic walls. In particular, a layer of elastin fibers seen in normal lung between airway epithelia and underlying smooth muscle cells was missing in type 2 CPAM samples. Thus, our data demonstrate for the first time that airway cystic lesions in type 2 CPAM occur not only in airway epithelial cells, but also in adjacent mesenchymal tissues, including airway smooth muscle cells and their extracellular protein products. This provides a new direction to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of CPAM pathogenesis in human.
Single-cell assessment of transcriptome alterations induced by Scriptaid in early differentiated human haematopoietic progenitors during ex vivo expansion
Authors: Hua Peng , Kronsteiner Barbara , van der Garde Mark , Ashley Neil , Hernandez Diana , Tarunina Marina , Hook Lilian , Choo Yen , Roberts Irene , Mead Adam , Watt Suzanne M.
Published: March 2019

Priming haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro with specific chromatin modifying agents and cytokines under serum-free-conditions significantly enhances engraftable HSC numbers. We extend these studies by culturing human CD133+ HSPCs on nanofibre scaffolds to mimic the niche for 5-days with the HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid and cytokines. Scriptaid increases absolute Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+CD49f+ HSPC numbers, while concomitantly decreasing the Lin−CD38−CD34+CD45RA−CD90− subset. Hypothesising that Scriptaid plus cytokines expands the CD90+ subset without differentiation and upregulates CD90 on CD90− cells, we sorted, then cultured Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90− cells with Scriptaid and cytokines. Within 2-days and for at least 5-days, most CD90− cells became CD90+. There was no significant difference in the transcriptomic profile, by RNAsequencing, between cytokine-expanded and purified Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+CD90+ cells in the presence or absence of Scriptaid, suggesting that Scriptaid maintains stem cell gene expression programs despite expansion in HSC numbers. Supporting this, 50 genes were significantly differentially expressed between CD90+ and CD90− Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+ subsets in Scriptaid-cytokine- and cytokine only-expansion conditions. Thus, Scriptaid treatment of CD133+ cells may be a useful approach to expanding the absolute number of CD90+ HSC, without losing their stem cell characteristics, both through direct effects on HSC and potentially also conversion of their immediate CD90− progeny into CD90+ HSC.
Automated classification platform for the identification of otitis media using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Monroy Guillermo L. , Won Jungeun , Dsouza Roshan , Pande Paritosh , Hill Malcolm C. , Porter Ryan G. , Novak Michael A. , Spillman Darold R. , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: March 2019

The diagnosis and treatment of otitis media (OM), a common childhood infection, is a significant burden on the healthcare system. Diagnosis relies on observer experience via otoscopy, although for non-specialists or inexperienced users, accurate diagnosis can be difficult. In past studies, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to quantitatively characterize disease states of OM, although with the involvement of experts to interpret and correlate image-based indicators of infection with clinical information. In this paper, a flexible and comprehensive framework is presented that automatically extracts features from OCT images, classifies data, and presents clinically relevant results in a user-friendly platform suitable for point-of-care and primary care settings. This framework was used to test the discrimination between OCT images of normal controls, ears with biofilms, and ears with biofilms and middle ear fluid (effusion). Predicted future performance of this classification platform returned promising results (90%+ accuracy) in various initial tests. With integration into patient healthcare workflow, users of all levels of medical experience may be able to collect OCT data and accurately identify the presence of middle ear fluid and/or biofilms.
NF-κB inhibition promotes apoptosis in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by the photothermal effect via the IκBα/AR signaling pathway
Authors: Kong Chenfei , Hao Miao , Chen Xi , Zhao Xiaoming , Wang Yuqian , Li Jing , Gao Yiyao , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai , Jiang Jinlan
Published: March 2019

BAY 11-7082 promotes apoptosis in DU145 cells and increased the sensitivity of cells to the photothermal therapy of Au–Ag@PDA NPs.
Plasmon-enhanced magneto-optical detection of single-molecule magnets
Authors: Pineider Francesco , Pedrueza-Villalmanzo Esteban , Serri Michele , Adamu Addis Mekonnen , Smetanina Evgeniya , Bonanni Valentina , Campo Giulio , Poggini Lorenzo , Mannini Matteo , de Julián Fernández César , Sangregorio Claudio , Gurioli Massimo , Dmitriev Alexandre , Sessoli Roberta
Published: March 2019

Single-molecule magnets in hybrid architectures with plasmonic nanoantennas exhibit significant enhancement in their magneto-optical response.
The role of protein–protein interactions in the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
Authors: Sikandar Asfandyar , Koehnke Jesko
Published: March 2019

This review covers the role of protein–protein complexes in the biosynthesis of selected ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) classes.
Nonfouling textiles with tunable antimicrobial activity based on a zwitterionic polyamine finish
Authors: Timma Lisa Maria , Lewald Laura , Gier Franziska , Homey Lisa , Neyer Christian , Nickisch-Hartfiel Anna , Gutmann Jochen Stefan , Oberthür Markus
Published: March 2019

Depending on the degree of substitution DS, the antiadhesive (high DS) or antimicrobial (lower DS) character of the coating will be dominant.
Stereoselective analysis of the chiral fungicide penflufen in wheat plants, spinach, and Chinese cabbage
Authors: Sun MingNa , Tong Zhou , Dong Xu , Chu Yue , Wang Mei , Gao TongChun , Duan JinSheng
Published: March 2019

Penflufen is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.
Ceria nanoparticles promoted the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells by activating NF-κB signaling
Authors: Tang Shupei , Zhou Lan , Liu Zhenyu , Zou Ling , Xiao Minglu , Huang Chunji , Xie Zhunyi , He Haiyang , Guo Yanyan , Cao Yi , Huang Huang , Wu Xiaoping , Meng Dongwei , Ye Lilin , Wu Yuzhang , Yang Xiaochao , Zhou Xinyuan
Published: March 2019

CNP treatment promoted in vitro killing activity and in vivo viral clearance capacity of CTL cells.
Recognition and protection of glycosphingolipids by synthetic nanoparticle receptors
Authors: Gunasekara Roshan W. , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2019

Nanoparticle receptors were synthesized through micellar imprinting to bind glycosphingolipids with 20–140 μM binding affinities, meanwhile distinguishing glycan composition, the number of acyl chains, and hydroxylation of acyl chains in the lipids.
What are the effects of the serine triad on proton conduction of an influenza B M2 channel? An investigation by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zheng Qing-Chuan
Published: March 2019

A novel viewpoint about the effects of serine triad on proton conduction in a BM2 channel was proposed.
CO2condensation onto alkanes: unconventional cases of heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Park Yensil , Wyslouzil Barbara E.
Published: March 2019

CO2heterogeneous nucleation starts close to the extrapolated vapor–liquid line for all solid nanoparticles examined to date.
Oxygen storage capacityversuscatalytic activity of ceria–zirconia solid solutions in CO and HCl oxidation
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Chenwei , Djerdj Igor , Khalid Omeir , Cop Pascal , Sann Joachim , Weber Tim , Werner Sebastian , Turke Kevin , Guo Yanglong , Smarsly Bernd M. , Over Herbert
Published: March 2019

CexZr1−xO2solid solutions were prepared to explore the relationship between oxygen storage capacity and activity of oxidation reactions.
A miniaturized atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge system generated in contact with a hanging drop electrode – a new approach to spectrochemical analysis of liquid microsamples
Authors: Świderski Krzysztof , Pohl Paweł , Jamróz Piotr
Published: March 2019

A newly developed atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) microplasma system generated in contact with a hanging drop electrode (HDE) was investigated here in detail.
Tunable thermal, mechanical, and controlled-release properties of epoxy phenolic novolac resin microcapsules mediated by diamine crosslinkers
Authors: Zhang Daxia , Zhang Xianpeng , Jing Tongfang , Cao Haichao , Li Beixing , Liu Feng
Published: March 2019

Diverse shell structures can endow microcapsules (MCs) with a variety of properties.
Selected pharmaceuticals removal using algae derived porous carbon: experimental, modeling and DFT theoretical insights
Authors: Ouasfi N. , Zbair M. , Bouzikri S. , Anfar Z. , Bensitel M. , Ait Ahsaine H. , Sabbar E. , Khamliche L.
Published: March 2019

Porous carbon fromLaminaria digitataalgae activated using NaOH (PCLD@NaOH) was prepared by a chemical activation approach and has been tested for the adsorption of ketoprofen and aspirin molecules.
Coupling and decoupling between translational and rotational dynamics in supercooled monodisperse soft Janus particles
Authors: Zou Qing-Zhi , Li Zhan-Wei , Zhu You-Liang , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: March 2019

We perform dynamics simulations to investigate the translational and rotational glassy dynamics in a glass-forming liquid of monodisperse soft Janus particles.
Discovery of a self-healing catalyst for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane
Authors: Kinik F. Pelin , Nguyen Tu N. , Oveisi Emad , Valizadeh Bardiya , Ebrahim Fatmah Mish , Gładysiak Andrzej , Mensi Mounir , Stylianou Kyriakos C.
Published: March 2019

Sustainable catalysts based on earth-abundant elements are considered as economical alternatives to precious-metal-bearing catalysts and could be impactful for many applications.
A ZIF-8@H:ZnO core–shell nanorod arrays/Si heterojunction self-powered photodetector with ultrahigh performance
Authors: Guo Tianchao , Ling Cuicui , Li Xiaofang , Qiao Xurong , Li Xiao , Yin Yingying , Xiong Ya , Zhu Lei , Yan Keyou , Xue Qingzhong
Published: March 2019

The superior performance of the self-powered ZIF-8@H:ZnO core–shell NRs/Si heterojunction can be attributed to the combination of hydrogenation doping and ZIF-8 passivation.
Changes in hepatic metabolic profile during the evolution of STZ-induced diabetic rats via an 1H NMR-based metabonomic investigation
Authors: Chen Minjiang , Zheng Hong , Xu Min , Zhao Liangcai , Zhang Qianqian , Song Jingjing , Zhao Zhongwei , Lu Siming , Weng Qiaoyou , Wu Xulu , Yang Weibin , Fan Xiaoxi , Gao Hongchang , Ji Jiansong
Published: March 2019

Background: The present study aimed to explore the changes in the hepatic metabolic profile during the evolution of diabetes mellitus (DM) and verify the key metabolic pathways. Methods: Liver samples were collected from diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and rats in the control group at 1, 5, and 9 weeks after STZ administration. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)-based metabolomics was used to examine the metabolic changes during the evolution of DM, and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to identify the key metabolites. Results: We identified 40 metabolites in the 1H NMR spectra, and 11 metabolites were further selected by PLS-DA model. The levels of α-glucose and β-glucose, which are two energy-related metabolites, gradually increased over time in the DM rats, and were significantly greater than those of the control rats at the three-time points. The levels of choline, betaine, and methionine decreased in the DM livers, indicating that the protective function in response to liver injury may be undermined by hyperglycemia. The levels of the other amino acids (leucine, alanine, glycine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) were significantly less than those of the control group during DM development. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the hepatic metabolic pathways of glucose, choline-betaine-methionine, and amino acids were disturbed during the evolution of diabetes, and that choline-betaine-methionine metabolism may play a key role.
P66Shc and vascular endothelial function
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: March 2019

Dysfunctional endothelium is an early change in vasculature known to be associated with atherosclerosis. Among many regulators of vascular endothelial function, p66Shc has consistently been shown to mediate endothelial dysfunction. Over more than three decades of active research in the field of the physiological function of p66Shc, regulation of vascular endothelial functions has emerged as one of the most robust effects in a broad range of pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and aging. A significant understanding has been developed with respect to the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc in endothelial cells and its targets and regulators. In addition, novel regulatory modifications of p66Shc controlling its oxidative function, subcellular distribution, and stability have also been reported. This review will focus on summarizing the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc and its role in vascular endothelium.
Linguistic Contributions to Word-Level Spelling Accuracy in Elementary School Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Melanie Schuele C. , Reed Paul
Published: March 2019

Purpose

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) are more likely than children with typical language (TL) to exhibit difficulties in word-level spelling accuracy. More research is needed to elucidate the contribution of linguistic knowledge to word-level spelling accuracy in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the contributions of linguistic knowledge to spelling accuracy in a group of 2nd- to 4th-grade children with SLI and a group of 2nd- to 4th-grade children with TL.

Method

Participants were 32 children with SLI and 32 children with TL in Grades 2 through 4. Five areas of linguistic knowledge were assessed: phonological awareness, morphological knowledge, orthographic pattern knowledge, mental grapheme representation knowledge, and vocabulary knowledge. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were utilized to address the research aim.

Results

Mental grapheme representation knowledge was selected as a significant predictor in both models; however, phonological awareness was the only additional significant predictor in the model for children with SLI, whereas morphological knowledge was the only other significant predictor in the model for children with TL. Orthographic pattern knowledge and vocabulary knowledge were not significant for either group.

Conclusions

The results suggest that spelling instruction and intervention for children with SLI should take linguistic knowledge into account and explicitly relate linguistic knowledge to spelling. Additionally, future research should consider if instructional targets for children with SLI should differ from targets for children with TL and if these findings represent a delay or a disorder in spelling acquisition for children with SLI.
Comparison of adaptive algorithms for free space optical transmission in Málaga atmospheric turbulence channel with pointing errors
Authors: Smilić Marko , Nikolić Zorica , Milić Dejan , Spalević Petar , Panić Stefan
Published: March 2019

In this study, the authors investigate average capacity of free space optics communication over Málaga atmospheric turbulence channel with pointing errors and path loss, for intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) and heterodyne detection. Various algorithms which use adaptive transmission with both types of detection are considered, such as: optimal rate adaption (ORA), optimal power and rate adaption (OPRA), channel inversion with fixed rate (CIFR) and truncated channel inversion with fixed rate (TIFR). Analytical closed‐form expressions for channel capacities of ORA, OPRA and TIFR adaptive transmission are presented, and the authors prove that CIFR transmission is not feasible in the strict sense for the conditions considered. Obtained analytical results are numerically evaluated and graphically presented for different strengths of atmospheric turbulence (in weak, moderate and strong turbulence regime) for both types of detection (IM/DD and heterodyne), and for considered algorithms of adaptive transmission (ORA, OPRA and TIFR). The authors have developed expressions suitable for approximating high signal‐to‐noise ratio channel capacity, and they graphically present and compare the asymptotic approximations with the obtained analytical results for different strengths of turbulence for both types of detection. Also, obtained analytical results were confirmed by Monte‐Carlo simulations, and graphically compared for different strengths of turbulence regimes.
Mapping the stellar age of the Milky Way bulge with the VVV
Authors: Surot F. , Valenti E. , Hidalgo S. L. , Zoccali M. , Sökmen E. , Rejkuba M. , Minniti D. , Gonzalez O. A. , Cassisi S. , Renzini A. , Weiss A.
Published: March 2019

Context. Recent observational programs are providing a global view of the Milky Way bulge that serves as a template for detailed comparison with models and extragalactic bulges. A number of surveys (VVV, GIBS, GES, ARGOS, BRAVA, APOGEE) are producing comprehensive and detailed extinction, metallicity, kinematics, and stellar density maps of the Galactic bulge with unprecedented accuracy. However, the still missing key ingredient is the distribution of stellar ages across the bulge.

Aims. To overcome this limitation, we aim to age-date the stellar population in several bulge fields with the ultimate goal of deriving an age map of the bulge. This paper presents the methodology and the first results obtained for a field along the bulge minor axis, at b = −6°.

Methods. We use a new PSF-fitting photometry of the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey data to construct deep color–magnitude diagrams of the bulge stellar population down to ∼2 mag below the main sequence turnoff. To address the contamination by foreground disk stars we adopt a statistical approach by using control-disk fields located at different latitudes (spanning approximately the bulge’s range) and longitudes −30° and +20°. We generate synthetic photometric catalogs of complex stellar populations with different age and metallicity distributions, including the observational errors and completeness. The comparison between the color–magnitude diagrams of synthetic and observed disk-decontaminated bulge populations provides constraints on the stellar ages in the observed field.

Results. We find the bulk of the bulge stellar population in the observed field along the minor axis to be older than ∼7.5 Gyr. In particular, when the metallicity distribution function spectroscopically derived by GIBS is used, the best fit to the data is obtained with a combination of synthetic populations with ages in between ∼7.5 Gyr and 11 Gyr. However, the fraction of stars younger than ∼10 Gyr strongly depends upon the number of blue straggler stars present in the bulge. Simulations show that the observed color–magnitude diagram of the bulge in the field along the minor axis is incompatible with the presence of a conspicuous population of intermediate-age and young (≲5 Gyr) stars.
Cool circumgalactic gas of passive galaxies from cosmological inflow
Authors: Afruni Andrea , Fraternali Filippo , Pezzulli Gabriele
Published: March 2019

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies consists of a multi-phase gas with components at very different temperatures, from 104 K to 107 K. One of the greatest puzzles about this medium is the presence of a large amount of low-temperature (T ∼ 104 K) gas around quiescent early-type galaxies (ETGs). Using semi-analytical parametric models, we describe the cool CGM around massive, low-redshift ETGs as the cosmological accretion of gas into their dark matter halos, resulting in an inflow of clouds from the external parts of the halos to the central galaxies. We compare our predictions with the observations of the COS-LRG collaboration. We find that inflow models can successfully reproduce the observed kinematics, the number of absorbers and the column densities of the cool gas. Our MCMC fit returns masses of the cool clouds of about 105 M⊙ and shows that they must evaporate during their journey due to hydrodynamic interactions with the hot gas. We conclude that the cool gas present in the halos of ETGs likely cannot reach the central regions and feed the galaxy star formation, thus explaining why these passive objects are no longer forming stars.
Hint of curvature in the orbital motion of the exoplanet 51 Eridani b using 3 yr of VLT/SPHERE monitoring
Authors: Maire A.-L. , Rodet L. , Cantalloube F. , Galicher R. , Brandner W. , Messina S. , Lazzoni C. , Mesa D. , Melnick D. , Carson J. , Samland M. , Biller B. A. , Boccaletti A. , Wahhaj Z. , Beust H. , Bonnefoy M. , Chauvin G. , Desidera S. , Langlois M. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Olofsson J. , Rouan D. , Ménard F. , Lagrange A.-M. , Gratton R. , Vigan A. , Meyer M. R. , Cheetham A. , Beuzit J.-L. , Dohlen K. , Avenhaus H. , Bonavita M. , Claudi R. , Cudel M. , Daemgen S. , D’Orazi V. , Fontanive C. , Hagelberg J. , Le Coroller H. , Perrot C. , Rickman E. , Schmidt T. , Sissa E. , Udry S. , Zurlo A. , Abe L. , Origné A. , Rigal F. , Rousset G. , Roux A. , Weber L.
Published: March 2019

Context. The 51 Eridani system harbors a complex architecture with its primary star forming a hierarchical system with the binary GJ 3305AB at a projected separation of 2000 au, a giant planet orbiting the primary star at 13 au, and a low-mass debris disk around the primary star with possible cold and warm components inferred from the spectral energy distribution.

Aims. We aim to better constrain the orbital parameters of the known giant planet.

Methods. We monitored the system over three years from 2015 to 2018 with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT).

Results. We measure an orbital motion for the planet of ~130 mas with a slightly decreasing separation (~10 mas) and find a hint of curvature. This potential curvature is further supported at 3σ significance when including literature Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) astrometry corrected for calibration systematics. Fits of the SPHERE and GPI data using three complementary approaches provide broadly similar results. The data suggest an orbital period of 32−9+17 yr (i.e., 12−2+4 au in semi-major axis), an inclination of 133−7+14 deg, an eccentricity of 0.45−0.15+0.10, and an argument of periastron passage of 87−30+34 deg [mod 180°]. The time at periastron passage and the longitude of node exhibit bimodal distributions because we do not yet detect whether the planet is accelerating or decelerating along its orbit. Given the inclinations of the orbit and of the stellar rotation axis (134–144°), we infer alignment or misalignment within 18° for the star–planet spin-orbit. Further astrometric monitoring in the next 3–4 yr is required to confirm at a higher significance the curvature in the motion of the planet, determine if the planet is accelerating or decelerating on its orbit, and further constrain its orbital parameters and the star–planet spin-orbit.
Stock dynamics of the brushtooth lizardfishSaurida undosquamis(Richardson, 1848) from a tropical multispecies fishery in the southeastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Najmudeen Theparambil Mohamed , Seetha Pallangattu Kochukandan , Zacharia Payiyappanal Ulahannan
Published: March 2019

The brushtooth lizardfishSaurida undosquamis(Richardson, 1848) is a high trophic level benthic predator and is one among the most exploited demersal finfish species from eastern Arabian Sea by Indian trawlers. However, in recent years, the landings of many top predator fishes includingS. undosquamisshowed a declining trend resulting in a steady decline in the mean trophic levels of the fishes caught commercially in the region. We investigated the growth, mortality and stock dynamics ofS. undosquamisharvested by mechanised trawls in the southeastern Arabian Sea, using length-based methods for the data collected during 2012–2016. Besides, Bayesian state-space implementation of the Schaefer model (BSM) and catch-based MSY (CMSY) estimation were also made using the data for the period 1985–2016. Total length of the fish ranged from 5.5 to 34.5 cm with average annual mean length of 22.0 cm during 2012–2016. The growth parametersL∞andKwere 37.3 cm and 0.41 year−1, respectively. The natural, fishing and total mortality coefficients were 0.92, 2.58 and 3.5, respectively and exploitation ratio was 0.82. The length at first maturity was estimated at 21.4 cm for females. The mean size in the catch is lower than the optimum length for exploitation. Fisheries reference points (MSY, Fmsy, Bmsy) as well as relative stock size (B/Bmsy) and exploitation (F/Fmsy) estimated from catch data and broad priors for resilience (r), implies an exploitation of 30% below Bmsylevel. Results from the length-based Thompson and Bell prediction model indicates that reducing the present level of fishing effort by 40% would lead to a harvest of the species at a sustainable level. As “fishing down food web” is reported in recent years from eastern Arabian Sea, the exploitation of top predators need to be maintained at sustainable levels to prevent ecosystem changes along the region.
Direct N-sec-Alkylation of Amides by Reaction of α-Halohydroxamates and Sulfonylindoles: An Approach to 3-Indolyl Methanamines
Authors: Chen Yuan , Guo Xiaoqiang , Zhou Chuang , Chen Lianmei , Kang Tairan
Published: March 2019

A catalyst-free, base-mediated N-sec-alkylation of amides by reaction of sulfonylindoles and α-halohydroxamates has been developed. The N-sec-alkylation of amides reaction is based on an intermolecular nucleophilic addition of vinylogous imine with N-(benzyl­oxy)meth-acrylamide/azaoxyallyl cations formed in situ and represents a simple way to give polyfunctionalized 3-indolyl methanamines in good to excellent yields.
Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases
Authors: Aithal Hari , Kinjavdekar Prakash , Pawde Abhijit , Dubey Prasoon , Kumar Rohit , Tyagi Surbhi , Madhu Doddadasarahalli ,   Amarpal,   Malik-Mohammad-Shams-uz-Zama
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation technique for the treatment of open fractures in calves and foals.

Study Design Twenty-eight calves and four foals (weighing 45–105 kg) with fractures distal to the stifle or elbow made the subject for the retrospective study. The pins (2.0–3.0-mm Kirschner wires, crossed at 60–90°) were fixed at least at two locations in both proximal and distal bone fragments as per the case situation. The pins in the same plane were bent (∼2 cm from the skin) towards the fracture site or joint and were joined using an adhesive tape (additional pins used when required) to make a temporary scaffold of connecting bars or rings. Thoroughly mixed epoxy putty was applied along the pin scaffold (the epoxy columns were 20–25 mm diameter) and allowed to set for 45 to 60 minutes. All animals were evaluated based on various clinical and radiographic observations made at regular intervals.

Results The epoxy-pin fixation was easy to apply and provided stable fixation of bone as indicated by early weight bearing, and fracture healing within 45 to 60 days (17/32 cases). The functional recovery was good to very good in 14 animals and satisfactory in nine cases by 12 months after removal of the fixator.

Conclusions The multiplanar epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation provides stable fixation of unstable open fractures distal to the stifle or elbow joint; hence, it can be used to treat a variety of fractures in calves and foals weighing up to approximately 100 kg, especially open infected fractures of lower limb, which are difficult to treat by conventional techniques.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Severe Attacks of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Yetimakman Ayse Filiz , Kesici Selman , Tanyildiz Murat , Bayrakci Benan
Published: March 2019

Severe metabolic crises in children with inborn errors of metabolism can result in mortality or severe morbidities where continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can be lifesaving. Clinical data, the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) scores calculated in the first 24 hours, and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores calculated in the last 24 hours before CRRT, were studied. Overall, CRRT was successful in restoring metabolic balance in 72% of patients. PELOD scores before CRRT were lower in survivors (p = 0.02). Despite numerous comorbid factors, CRRT can be used effectively in management of metabolic crises. Early intervention with this therapy before occurrence of complications must be targeted.
Mechanical features of endothelium regulate cell adhesive molecule-induced calcium response in neutrophils
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Huang Dandan , Lü Shouqin , Zhang Yan , Long Mian
Published: March 2019

Atherosclerosis is caused by chronic inflammation associated with the adhesion of neutrophils and endothelial cells (ECs) that is mediated by their respective cellular adhesive molecules to stiffened blood vessel walls. However, the stiffness dependence of calcium flux on neutrophils remains unclear yet. Here, the effect of substrate stiffness by ECs on neutrophils' calcium spike was quantified when the individual neutrophils that adhered to the human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer were pre-placed onto a stiffness-varied polyacrylamide substrate (5 or 34.88 kPa) or glass surface. Our data indicated that E-/P-selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on HUVECs and β2-integrins, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), and CD44s on neutrophils were all involved in mediating neutrophil calcium spike in a stiffness-dependent manner, in which the increase in substrate stiffness enhanced the calcium intensity and the oscillation frequency (spike number). Such stiffness-dependent calcium response is associated with the induced selectin related to β2-integrin activation through the Syk/Src signaling pathway, and F-actin/myosin II are also involved in this. Moreover, tension-activated calcium ion channels displayed critical roles in initiating stiffness-dependent calcium spike. These results provide an insight into understanding how the stiffening of vascular walls could regulate the calcium flux of adhered neutrophils, and thus the immune responses in atherosclerosis.