bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miary starości i starzenia się ludności w ujęciu potencjalnym – analiza na przykładzie Polski
Authors: Adrianowska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Artykuł przedstawia propozycje współczynników starzenia się ludności z perspektywy demografii potencjalnej – w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym. Prezentuje sposób wyliczania potencjałów życiowych dla populacji oraz dla poszczególnych grup wiekowych, które stanowią punkt wyjścia w demografii potencjalnej. Wartości współczynników starzenia się ludności w kategoriach pojęć demografii potencjalnej zostały obliczone na przykładzie Polski.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ НЕКЛАССИЧЕСКИХ И ПОСТНЕКЛАССИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА
Authors: Демидова Марина Владимировна
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Разночтения в неклассических и постнеклассических трактовках социального пространства, представляющего собой теоретико-методологический конструкт, затрудняют изучение процессов структурирования и функционирования современного общества. Цель: определить значимость методологии, применяемой в неклассических и постнеклассических исследованиях социального пространства. Объектом является социальное пространство, предметом – методология исследований социального пространства. Методологическую базу данной работы составили: периодизация этапов развития науки по В.С. Стёпину, характеристика периодов развития науки по С.А. Лебедеву, социосинергетический и компаративный подходы, философия трансдисциплинарности. Впервые с методологических позиций проанализированы идеи о социальном пространстве, принадлежащие зарубежным и отечественным исследователям (П. Бурдье, Г. Зиммелю, Э. Дюркгейму, П. Сорокину, Э. Гидденсу, Л.А. Беляевой и др.). Выявлено преобладание классической методологии в работах Э. Дюркгейма, неклассической – Э. Гидденса, Г. Зиммеля, постнеклассической – П. Бурдье и Л.А. Беляевой. Основные идеи исследователей раскрываются с помощью таких понятий, как территория, структура социального пространства, социальные взаимодействия, дистанции, дифференциация, мобильность, иерархия, стратификация, динамика, круги (поля), подпространства, практики, капиталы, статус. Сделаны выводы об обусловленности дисциплинарных трактовок используемой авторами научной методологией;  о проведении современных исследований социального пространства на основе дисциплинарных и междисциплинарных подходов, что затрудняет его познание. Результаты: в качестве перспективы впервые предложена идея применения альтернативной (трансдисциплинарной) методологии изучения социального пространства, развиваемой на основе системы координат Р. Декарта. Применение данной методологии позволяет проводить исследования по параметрам (статическим и динамическим), присущим всем системам. В то же время её преимущество состоит в возможности объединять разрозненные знания в единую концептуальную систему.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP EVALUASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Nur hidayah Umu kurnia
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi analissi kebijakan pembelajaran daring terhadap evaluasi belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yakni penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati. Teknik pengambilan dan pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui: observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis kualitatif.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa evaluasi pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan secara daring belum sepenuhnya mencapai target Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebagaimana yang sudah ditentukan. Pada sebagian mata pelajaran memang sudah memenuhi KKM sebagian lagi masih ada siswa yang belum memenuhi KKM. Bagi siswa yang belum memenuhi nilai maka dilakukan remedial tes agar evaluasi dan nilai dapat memenuhi target yang diharapkan.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS DARING (Studi Kasus Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas XII di SMAN 1 Galis Pamekasan)
Authors: Maemanah Siti maemanah , Yakin Ainul
Published: April 2021

Ada banyak sekali metode dan media yang dapat digunakan untuk mensukseskan proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Salah satu media yang dapat dipergunakan adalah media internet. Penggunaan internet daring menjadi sangat penting saat ini mengingat situasi dan kondisi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian dari jurnalini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembelajaran PAI berbasis daring dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan Guru PAI dan Siswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasisdaring, Untuk mengetahui hasil lebih lanjut mengenai pelaksanaan dan pandangan siswa terhadap pembelajaran daringpeneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif . Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah wawancara, Observasi dan Dokumentasi.
Madrasah Sebagai Sistem Sosial Perspektif Talcott Parsons
Authors: Aspan Nurul Awwaliyah
Published: April 2021

Seperti yang dikemukakan dari Parsons, bahwa teorinya mengedepankan analisis fungsi dan sistem menjabarkan secara detail berbagai kondisi-kondisi yang mendukung perkembangan dan kontinuitas kultur didalam sistem sosial masyarakat, walaupun jika suatu kultur tidak lagi sebagai sistem politik atau lembaga formal. Jika hal ini disangkut pautkan dengan pendidikan ataupun sekolah pasti mempunyai beberapa fungsi yakni: 1) Lembaga pendidikan sebagai sarana bersosialisasi. 2) Lembaga pendidikan sebagai ajang seleksi dan alokasi yang bisa memacu semangat dan motivasi. 3) Lembaga pendidikan sebagai peluang yang sama kepada siswanya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa madrasah sebagai sistem sosial dari sudut pandang Talcott Parsons. Dalam pendekatan kajian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dan jenis kajiannya yakni kepustakaan. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni studi literatur (didapat dari berbagai sumber, buku, jurnal, pustaka, dokumentasi dan internet). Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif analitik (menggambarkan pandangan Talcott Parsons secara sistematis mengenai madrasah sebagai sistem sosial). Hasil kajian menjelaskan sistem sosial itu sendiri merupakan sub sistem yang saling ketergantungan dan memiliki hubungan timbal balik. Didalam sistem itu sendiri memiliki fungsi dan perannya masing-masing. Madrasah sebagai sistem sosial, madrasah ialah sebuah lembaga pendidikan yang bernaungan dibawah naungan depertemen Agama. Yang didalamnya terdapat lapisan dan struktur masyarakat, walaupun dalam ruang lingkup yang kecil. Setiap lapisan yang ada di madrasah mempunyai peran dan fungsinya masing-masing, dari lapisan yang tertinggi sampai yang terendah. Seperti Kepala Madrasah yang berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan pemimpin madrasah dan petugas kebersihan sekolah yang berfungsi sebagai penanggung jawab terhadap kebersihan madrasah.
The idea of social protest among Russian youth of the Far East
Authors: Marin Egor B.
Published: April 2021

The article presents materials of the semantic reconstruction of ideas of various forms of social protest among young people of two age groups based on the materials of an empirical study conducted in 2020. In the course of the study representatives of two socio-demographic groups of youth from Vladivostok (Primorsky Territory) were interviewed: higher education students aged 18–24 and young adults aged 25–30. The carried out semantic reconstruction allowed to formulate the structural and content characteristics of the young people ideas about the five significant forms of the collective protest: petition, rally, strike, riot and rebellion. The semantic connections of the protest forms with the existential and political values of the young people were revealed. The study also succeeded in reconstructing the emotional component of the protest phenomena ideas. The category structure of the semantic space of ideas about the forms of protest has been determined. Common categories identified on the basis of associations include “values and goals”, “subjects”, “emotions”, “characteristics of a phenomenon”, “protest”, and “cultural and historical connotations”. The general categories of protest assessment, according to the semantic differential (SD), include “iintellectuality and honesty”, “hypocrisy and self-interest (honesty)”, “peace – aggressiveness”, “strength”. These categories, identified on the material of associations, in comparison with the categories of thinking obtained using factor analysis of the semantic differential data, allow to reconstruct both rational and unconscious levels of ideas about protest. Comparative analysis of ideas about different forms of protest demonstrates that on an emotional level a rally is the closest to youth. On a rational level, the petition is also positively assessed, while the youth of both groups are dissatisfied with the ineffectiveness of this form in practice. Young people do not associate radical forms of protest (riot and rebellion) with values and goals significant to them. At the affective level, they are perceived mostly negatively.

In general, the identified categories allow to reconstruct the structure of the organization of the subjective experience of perceiving different forms of political and social protest in two age groups of young people. The data obtained in this study can be useful for further study of protest moods, used by state authorities and political parties in practical work.
Dermite Flagelada a Cogumelos Shiitake
Authors: Miroux-Catarino Alexandre , Claro Cristina
Published: April 2021

N/a.
Delirium em Doentes Idosos com COVID-19: Um Alerta para a Importância da Deteção e Intervenção Terapêutica Precoce
Authors: Mota Pedro
Published: April 2021

N/a.
Como Retomar a Atividade Cirúrgica Eletiva em Ortopedia durante a Pandemia COVID-19?
Authors: Diogo Nuno , Miranda António , Ruano António , Mendes Eduardo , Mendes Francisco , Montes José , Alves Jorge , Rosa Isabel , Alegrete Nuno , Neves Nuno , Lourenço Paulo , Felicíssimo Paulo , Sá Cardoso Pedro , Gomes André
Published: April 2021

Este documento foi elaborado pelo Colégio de Ortopedia da Ordem dos Médicos com o objetivo de estabelecer as orientações sobre a retoma da atividade cirúrgica programada em Ortopedia durante a pandemia COVID-19. As presentes normas de orientação: a) definem os critérios que permitem a priorização das cirurgias de acordo com a gravidade da situação clínica, com base em classificações existentes e publicadas; b) fornecem um modelo de organização para a preparação dos doentes, descrevendo os circuitos do doente nos períodos pré-operatório, intraoperatório e pós-operatório; c) realçam as regras de segurança para a realização de cirurgias e desenham um modelo de acompanhamento após a alta de acordo com a evidência científica.
Perinatal Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for Psychiatry
Authors: Santos Cátia Fernandes
Published: April 2021

N/a.
Clinical trials in complementary and alternative medicine – the myth of limitations
Authors: Rzepiński Tomasz , Tabaczewski Piotr
Published: April 2021

The  paper aims to dispute common arguments put forward by practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in discussions against conducting clinical trials in CAM treatment protocols. It is argued that CAM therapies cannot be evaluated by the same criteria as those applied in conventional medicine due to specificity of CAM. This paper suggests that this line of thought undermines not only the validity of CAM therapies, but, importantly, is delaying understanding their therapeutical value. We also argue that despite apparent differences in approach both conventional medicine and CAM aim to improve human well being therefore CAM should be validated with well established and widely accepted process of balancing of risks and benefits of individual therapies as in conventional medicine clinical trials.
Influence of ghrelin on rat pituitary GH3 cell line proliferation
Authors: Chmielewska Małgorzata , Andrusiewicz Mirosław , Żbikowska Aleksandra , Kątniak Katarzyna , Sadowska Agnieszka , Arasimowicz-Banaszak Grażyna , Graczyk Sławomir , Waśko Ryszard , Kotwicka Malgorzata
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Human ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a). It is suggested that ghrelin is involved in pituitary adenomas pathogenesis. There are inconsistent data regarding the effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation. In this study the outcome of ghrelin in the rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell line on morphology and proliferation ratio was evaluated. The ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) mRNA expression in GH3 cell line was established as well, because it was found that heterogeneous expression pattern characterized physiological and pathological conditions of tissues of different origin.Material and Methods. Suitable experimental model pituitary tumor (rat GH3 cell line) was stimulated with ghrelin in the final concentrations 10–12 M, 10–9 M and 10–6 M. Reverse transcription followed by real time polymerase chain reaction was used for ghrelin receptor gene transcript detection. The morphology as well as cell cycle of those cells were analyzed using Axio Vert.A1 Microscope (Zeiss) and BD FACSCalibur™ flow cytometer (Beckton Dickinson), respectively. The percentages of cells in the G0/G1, S, G2/M cycle phases were evaluated using the ModFit™ software (Verity Software, Inc., USA). Results. Ghsr mRNA presence was confirmed in GH3 cells. Ghrelin did not affect conspicuously GH3 cells morphology, however the ghrelin-induced proliferation index increase was caused by both decline of G0/G1 phases cells count and increase those being in S+G2/M (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, this study indicates that ghrelin stimulates GH3 cells proliferation and may play role in pituitary tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.
Characteristics of Regulatory T cells
Authors: Frydrychowicz Magdalena , Boruczkowski Maciej , Kolecka-Bednarczyk Agata , Jenek Renata , Rosołowska Joanna , Pluto-Prądzyńska Agnieszka , Dworacki Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is heterogenic subpopulation of T cells that is able to suppress function of effector cells during the immune response. Among them are natural (nTreg) and induced Treg (Tr1, Th3, CD4+CD25-). CD25, CD45Ro, CD152, GITR, LAG-3, several adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors as well as Toll-like receptors are present on the surface of Treg. Mechanism of suppression used by nTreg is not completely understood.
Evaluation of oral hygiene in school children from the eastern region of Wielkopolska
Authors: Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Sikorska Agnieszka , Cieślik Kornela , Głowacka Arleta , Matthews-Kozanecka Maja
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess oral health in school-age children on the basis of subjective and objective judgement, based on selected indicators.Material and Methods. The study included students aged 10–13 years of primary and junior-high schools in the Mid Eastern region of Wielkopolska. Oral hygiene assessment was based on a prepared subjective questionnaireas well as on the basis of indicators: API P1.I, GI, including the sex of children.Results. Of the 161 children of school age, most of them, as many as 145 showed attention to oral health, brushing teeth twice a day; some of them apply additional measures for oral hygiene – 39 children. In both sexes there were no deviations indicators examined. Between gender showed no difference, as confirmed statistically.Conclusions. Oral hygiene in children with high health awareness rated positively, it should be emphasized that despite noninvasiveness the research group of respondents accounted for a small percentage of the children invited to the study, which points the need to undertake educational activities on a larger scale.
Hemorheological studies of chosen clinical cases
Authors: Marcinkowska-Gapińska Anna , Kowal Piotr
Published: April 2021

Rheology – the study of the flow of matter and accompanying phenomena of real bodies deformation – in relation to blood – hemorheology. Blood viscosity – the main rheological parameter – has been studied in many research centers and among many different group of patients. The main disorders related to the hemorheological properties are: coronary insufficiency, vascular congestion, myocardial infarction, cerebral circulation disorder, Reynaud disease, ischemic limbs, diabetes, anemia, tumors. The following parameters are the main blood viscosity determinants: plasma viscosity, hematocrit, red cell deformability and erythrocytes aggregation. In hemorheological studies we used mathematical rheological models. The measurements of blood and plasma viscosity are performed by means of oscillating-rotary rheometers in order to determine the dependence of blood viscosity on the shear rate and the two components of the complex blood viscosity. Determination of blood cells aggregability and deformability is performed directly by means of aggregometers and appropiate filters and indirectly using rheological techniques with advanced mathematical models of blood viscoelasticity. Blood and plasma viscosity are subject to autoregulation mechanisms of the body. Recognition of those mechanisms may help in assessment of some diseases risk: ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. In many cases rheological measurements may reveal the most recent phases of diseases and disorderses which enables early therapy with specimens improving the blood fluidity. For this reason rheological measurements should be applied in diagnostics and therapy. Mutual relations between the main factors determining the blood viscosity and their effect on blood flow are the main subject of current report.
Assessment of effectiveness of complex treatment of apical and marginal periodontitis with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol ointment
Authors: Holeyko Marta , Zubachyk Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Chronic combined periodontal and periapical lesions have a negative impact on the human organism, since they are a source of intoxication and sensitization causing progression of infection, development of focal sequelae and secondary immunodeficiency. Problem of successful treatment of apical and marginal periodontitis is associated with a significant prevalence of these diseases, a complexity of medical procedures, a substantial proportion of failures and complications, and with a lack of long-term stability of gained results.Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate clinical effectiveness of drug formulation with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol in the integrated treatment of combined apical and marginal periodontitis.Meterial and methods. The condition of oral cavity of the 65 patients with combined lesions of periodontal and endodontic tissues before and after treatment was studied. Outcomes measured were X-ray examination, probing depth, OHI-S, PMA, PI, SBI indices. The complex treatment has been worked out in the patients of main group and the ointment with thiotriazoline and chloramphenicol was introduced in the scheme of periodontal treatment Results and conclusions. Results of applied treatment indicated to the acceleration of healing process, reduction of exudation period and decrease of exacerbations frequency in the patients of main group. Clinical experience also demonstrated positive dynamic in changes of periodontal indices after the conducted treatment.
An introduction to genetic and epigenetic changes in prostate gland – implications in efficacy of phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
Authors: Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Kujawski Radosław , Bogacz Anna , Ożarowski Marcin
Published: April 2021

The usage of classical pharmacological treatment of prostate diseases causes the risk of a number of side effects therefore the researchers are looking for new pharmacologically active molecules, including those contained in the plant extracts. The most widely studied is the lipido-sterolic extract from Serenoa repens (saw palmetto), water extract from Camellia sinensis (green tea) and several cruciferous vegetables. The molecular mechanisms underlying of the development and the progression of prostate disorders, especially benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), remain still poorly understood. The development of pathologically changed prostate cells proliferation involves many factors, including genetic alterations, such as mutations, and epigenetic changes, appear to contribute to the transformation and progression of prostate cancer. In this paper we suggest that the knowledge of epigenetic modifications presented in this paper introduces the new point of view concerning the possibility of action of plant substances used in prevention and symptomatic treatment of BPH and prostate cancer. Thus, identification of the epigenetic modifications involved on the one hand in the development and progression of BPH / PC, on the other influencing the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapeutics will be helpful in identifying its novel therapeutic strategy.
Clinical trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (a new proposal for dealing with basic problems and restrictions)
Authors: Wender Mieczyslaw , Michalowska-Wender Grazyna
Published: April 2021

The natural course of multiple sclerosis is characterized by a high variability of pattern, relapse rate and different progression indices. They also present a dramatic impact on the interpretation of treatment trials. Older reports, based on uncontrolled observations are therefore of little value. Currently it is generally accepted that a proper treatment trial should be double blinded and, although probably controversial, that it should be compared with a group of MS patients treated with placebo. Such an approach would be easily acceptable to prove the effectiveness of recently discovered disease modifying drugs. We know that current standard methods of therapy with interferon beta or glatiramer acetate are able to decrease the relapse rate at least by one third, to elongate the intervals between the relapses and to decrease the progression indices. Currently MS is considered a generalized degenerative disease. The lesions are persistent, therefore immunomodulatory treatment has to be started as early as possible. An alternative approach, somewhat suggestive for the use of placebo trials, seems to be a comparison of proposed new drug therapy group with a group of patients treated with a generally accepted reference drug, such as interferon beta or glatiramer acetate, including all clinical and MRI measures.
Ascertaining of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with clinical and instrumental methods in the group of young adults
Authors: Sójka Anna , Huber Juliusz , Kaczmarek Elżbieta , Hędzelek Wiesław
Published: April 2021

Introduction. During the diagnostic process, the clinical examination of the masticatory system combined with jaw movement measurements can indicate the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms. Aim. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of clinical symptoms of TMD in a group of subjects aged 19–27 years and to analyze the measurable parameters obtained from examinations carried out using the Arcus®digma.Material and methods. Eighty four dentate subjects from 19 to 27 years were recruited from students. Objective signs were studied with Helkimo Anamnetic index (Ai) and the subjective symptoms were evaluated with Gsellmann’s Occlusal Index (OI). Functional examination of the masticatory system was performed using Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction index (Di). Pain symptoms were determined in clinical examination using visual analogue scale. Software of Arcus®digma allowed the analysis of Bennett’s angle and movement, the horizontal condylar inclination, retrusion, anterior guidance and Immediate Side Shift.Results. Occasional pain occurred in 39% of students and correlated with increase of OI index, subjects with higher Di displayed higher values of OI. Comparison of Bennett’s angle values for the right and left TMJ showed the significant asymmetry, similarly like the values of Bennett’s movement and retrusion between the left and right TMJ.Conclusions. Bennett’s angle, Bennett’s movement and retrusion were significant parameters in instrumental evaluation of TMD symptoms. The questionnaire and clinical examination supplemented with axiographic recordings revealed the presence of TMD symptoms in students who were not fully aware of TMJ disorders.
The project “understAID” – a platform that helps informal caregivers to understand and aid their demented relatives
Authors: Skorupska Elżbieta , Mojs Ewa , Samborski Włodzimierz , Millán-Calenti José C. , Maseda Ana , Gregersen Rikke
Published: April 2021

“UnderstAID” is a platform that helps informal caregivers to understand and aid their demented relatives. It is an international project initiated by Denmark, Poland and Spain.The aim of the project is to design, and implement the multimedia platform “understAID” to support informal caregivers of dementia patients. The project was launched in April 2013 and is expected to end 36 months later. The project is divided into five tasks concerning the final aim. The aim of task 1 is the management of the project, as well as the exploitation and dissemination of gathered information. Task 2 is meant to define the contents and solutions of the CarePlatform based on the knowledge gained from real-case studies. Demented elderlies from each country (n = 40) suffering from different degrees of dementia were evaluated by formal caregivers and dementia professionals. The aim of task 3 is the development of the social learning interface. Task 4 focuses on the CarePlatform development and system integration. Finally, task 5 assumes testing and validation of the platform. The platform is devised to be available in two versions, namely the light one for mobile appliance and the premium version. Also different activities leading to the popularization of the platform are planned.
The influence of diabetic status on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel and its metabolites in patients suffered from cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Karaźniewicz-Łada Marta , Danielak Dorota , Burchardt Paweł , Główka Franciszek
Published: April 2021

Aim. A significant percentage of individuals treated with an anti-platelet agent clopidogrel do not receive the expected therapeutic effect. Clopidogrel resistance is even more prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). An extensive investigation on pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel and its metabolites in patients with type 2 DM suffering from cardiovascular diseases were performed following an administration of 75 mg of the drug.Material and methods. Plasma concentrations of clopidogrel, its carboxylic metabolite (CLPM) and diastereoisomers of a thiol metabolite (the inactive H3 and the active H4) were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the analytes in diabetic (n = 16) and non-diabetic (n = 28) patients were compared and correlated with platelet aggregation. Results. DM patients exhibited a slightly higher Cmax of clopidogrel (2.34 ± 2.29 ng/mL) compared with non-diabetic group (1.82 ± 1.86 ng/mL), whereas plasma levels of clopidogrel metabolites were lower in DM than in non-DM patients (2339 ± 989 ng/mL vs. 2662 ± 2090 ng/mL, 4.64 ± 4.79 ng/mL vs. 5.42 ± 4.55 ng/mL and 6.42 ± 4.80 ng/mL vs. 7.44 ± 7.18 ng/mL, respectively for CLPM, H3 and H4). A significant correlation was found between platelet aggregation and the Cmax of the active H4 metabolite in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions. Pharmacokinetic parameters of clopidogrel, CLPM, H3 and H4 isomers in patients with DM did not differ significantly from those determined in non-diabetic group. Moreover, the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel therapy measured by ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation was similar in both groups of patients.
The use of qualitative approach to detect and assess potential drug-drug interactions which may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives – pilot study and literature review
Authors: Kilińska Karolina , Cerbin-Koczorowska Magdalena , Matschay Arleta , Mierzwicki Michał , Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the tool designed for detecting potential drug-drug interactions of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with particular emphasis on those which can affect their contraceptive action. A proper study protocol design seems to be essential for further analysis of more data and for establishing correlations between observed interactions and demographic variables.Material and methods. The cross-sectional descriptive, retrospective study was carried out on Polish females from March to May 2013. Gathered data, including products used concomitantly with contraceptive drugs, were derived electronically by patients and underwent thematic analysis.Results. Out of 49 respondents who agreed to participate in the study and fit the inclusion criteria only 15 derived qualitative data about other medicinal products they used. However, some of them sent their monthly report more than once, which gave the total of 158 drugs listed in 25 forms gathered during the whole pilot study. Fifty-three potential drug interactions were found, including 13 (24.53%) which could have decreased the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs.Conclusions. Continuation of the study in accordance with the study protocol will result in identification of common potential drug-related problems, which may enable development of an educational solution for gynecologists, pharmacists and patients increasing their awareness of the potential risk of contraceptive failures and unintended pregnancies.
Medical students’ awareness of radiation exposure related to radiological imaging procedures
Authors: Jończyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Strzelczuk-Judka Lidia , Szłyk Ewa , Stefaniak Łucja
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Current advancements in fields of medical sciences resulted in an increase of imaging examinations with a use of ionising radiation. Such increase leads to justified concerns about its possible consequences.Aim. Assessment of awareness and level of knowledge of medicine students in terms of ionising radiationMaterial and methods. Statistical analysis of 207 surveys of medical students from University of Medical Sciences in Poznan (UMP), Poland with use of Statistica softwareResults. There was no significant difference between the results of the assessment related to gender, year of studies or attendance to radiology classes. Conclusions. Students level of knowledge about the ionising radiation was unsatisfactory. A change in training program can be a benefit for patients and physicians.
Food allergies in children – aspects of epidemiology and diet management
Authors: Walczak Marcelina , Grzelak Teresa , Kramkowska Marta , Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: April 2021

For many years there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Scientists expect that in the year 2020, atopic diseases will be present in 50% of the population worldwide. Determining the actual scale of the food allergy problem is extremely difficult due to differences in genetic and environmental factors, as well as inconsistent methodology for population and epidemiological research. Treatment of food hypersensitivity is primarily done by excluding a particular food from the diet, while introducing nutritionally equivalent alternatives. An elimination diet should be determined independently for each individual, taking into account the cause, nature, severity and symptoms of the disease. Placing food restrictions on children can interfere with their normal development. The prevailing opinion is that only a properly formulated and followed elimination diet does not endanger the health of the patient. Numerous dietary errors committed, knowingly or unknowingly, by parents can lead to malnutrition and its consequences in their children, such as rickets, anemia, and immune disorders. Therefore, in the long-term treatment of food allergies it is recommended that the caregivers fully cooperate with a doctor, nutritionist and psychotherapist. Due to the ever-increasing incidence of allergic diseases, researchers are looking for effective methods of prevention. Recent scientific reports suggest protective effects from such substances like probiotics, polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidants as well as, certain vegetables and fruits.
Idiopathic hirsutism – medical and psychological aspects
Authors: Jarząbek-Bielecka Grażyna , Warchoł-Biedermann Katarzyna , Kędzia Witold
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Hirsutism is a condition which results in excess of male pattern hair growth - the androgen dependent hair in females. Excessive hair growth usually starts around puberty. The aim of this study was to show the significance of hormonal diagnosis in female adolescent hirsute patients.Material and methods. The material consisted of medical documentation of 128 female adolescent patients aged 13–22 years who came for a consultation because of excessive male pattern hair growth (second degree of hirsutism according to the Ferriman-Gallwey scale) which they considered unacceptable. The history was indicative of considerable discomfort, decreased mood in subjects and low self-esteem (especially regarding patient’s femininity).Results. Results of the analysis were confronted with the results of a group of an equal number of participants.Conclusions. Hormonal tests in female patients with hirsutism were proven to constitute a major diagnostic element allowing for correct diagnosis of the cause of hirsutism, planning further tests and treatment methods.Considering its causes and effects, hirsutism in adolescent patients is a serious concern for developmental gynecology. This disorder is a endocrinological or gynecological problem, which influences patient's well-being.
Progress in study of Cannabis sativa leaves extracts without psychotropic cannabinoids in animal model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Ożarowski Marcin , Mikolajczak Przemysław Ł. , Bogacz Anna , Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Kujawski Radosław , Majchrzycki Marian , Wielgus Karolina , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka , Czerny Bogusław
Published: April 2021

Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Current therapy for this pain includes the use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods but due to the fact that a lot of therapy does not produce the analgesic results, it is necessary to search for new and more effective pharmacological strategy in relief of this type of pain. One of the interesting natural sources of compounds against this type of pain is extract of Cannabis sativa without psychotropic cannabinoids. Medicinal properties of C. sativa have been explored for centuries. It is well established that active compounds of this herb act through two cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2) as endocannabinoid system in the central nervous system. The present review addresses the recent advances in the study of pharmacological mechanisms on cellular and receptor level underlying non-hallucinogenic cannabinoid analgesic effect. In recent years, results of studies allow to state that special plant extract of C. sativa (without psychotropic cannabinoids) may be a promising source of drug used to relieve neuropathic pain.
High mobility group box 1 protein in the central nervous system
Authors: Wąsik Norbert , Jankowski Roman , Sokół Bartosz , Shahid Hinna
Published: April 2021

High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein originally identified as a nuclear transcription modifier. Two pathways are leading to HMGB1 release to the extracellular space i.e. active secretion triggered by noxious stimulation and passive leakage due to necrotic membrane damage. Binding with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) as well as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 leads to nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) activation and proinflammatory reaction in target cells. Secretion of cytokines, upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemoattraction are triggered by the extracellular HMGB1. Such ubiquitous and numerous protein plays a role in pathogenesis of many common diseases like sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and pneumonia. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are also mediated by HMGB1. Multiple studies highlight pivotal role of HMGB1 in acute pathologies of CNS like cerebral ischemia, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as well as chronic degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Wide range of HMGB1 antagonists are currently investigated as novel therapeutic agents in sepsis, colitis and stroke. This review article provides basic information about HMGB1 protein and its role in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases.
Mathematical Models with Equations for Re-Conversion of Private Debt
Authors: García-Santillán Arturo
Published: April 2021

The current health crisis derived from COVID 19 has become a serious threat to humanity. The collateral effects related to economic aspects are affecting companies, workers and, of course, families in general. The problems of financial insolvency are frequently present in debtors who have contracted a debt with their creditor. Therefore, the objective of the study is focused on modeling a debt restructuring proposal, through three hypothetical scenarios in which the debt is reconvened when some documents have expired and others are yet to expire. In each of the scenarios, the mathematical model is designed and subsequently corroborated in an Excel spreadsheet. The predominant variables in the restructuring are the adjustment rates used to update the past due promissory notes and the discount rates of those promissory notes that have not yet expired, capitalizations, transaction costs and, if applicable, whether the debt is in foreign currency. In this case, it is converted to the local currency, then the spot exchange rate is used.
Application of Marine-Based Gold Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy: A Mini-Review
Authors: Baghban Neda , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Nabipour Iraj , Tamadon Amin
Published: April 2021

Cancer is one of the health concerns in modern societies. The application of nanotechnology in medical sciences has created new possibilities for the diagnosis, imaging and the treatment of tumors in humans. The present article reviews the application of marine-based gold nanoparticles in diagnosing and treating cancer. The main data were collected from research article on the application of different marine-based gold nanoparticles in detecting and imaging cancer cells as well as in drug delivery system in treatment of cancer. Chitosan is the most used marine natural compound used to fabricate gold nanocomposites and the most reported application of this type of nano-composites is related to drug delivery system. Despite the excellent anticancer potential of different marine natural products, less studies have been conducted on the use of their compositions with gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy than other materials. Moreover, most reports available in this filed are related to their application as a drug delivery system not anticancer drug. In general, there are still challenges and limitations to the use of nanoparticles in medicine, it is hoped that in the near future nanoparticles will create a dramatic revolution not only in oncology but also in medicine.
Estimation of the Efficiency of the Investment Fund
Authors: Dadyan Eduard Grigorievich
Published: April 2021

In this article, a search for a calculation method and an analysis of performance indicators of mutual investment funds is carried out. Many factors can influence the return on investments in portfolio investments, which makes the choice of the fund incredibly difficult. However, in addition to the fact that it is difficult to determine which indicators should be given more attention and which should be omitted, it is not so easy to get these data. Some of them are publicly available on the Internet, while others can only be found in trading systems that are not accessible to people outside of this area. The article proves that a well-trained neural network can easily find existing patterns between risk and expected return on investment. It is a well-trained neural network that provides the ability to use the "what-if" function to justify your choice on real factors, as well as the ability to download available data and calculate the estimated income and its changes. This makes it much easier to choose a Fund, especially for inexperienced investors. The article also presents the results of a study of the dependence of estimated income on correlation, standard deviation, and volatility using a trained neural network. According to the theory, higher values of these three factors correspond to a higher amount of income. The obtained graphs of the calculated income dependence on correlation, standard deviation, and volatility confirmed the correctness of the neural network training and compliance with the relations described in the theory. The paper presents graphs of the dependence of the estimated income on the beta and alpha coefficients. The higher the beta and alpha indicators, the higher the expected return on investment. This corresponds to the dependency accepted in the model. When the values of the beta and alpha coefficients increase, the income also increases, which is completely consistent with the theory.
Low-cost Delivery and Telepresence Robot for COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Jumlongkul Arnon
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has created the need for social distancing between medical staff and patients, therefore, healthcare robotics is increasingly important as regards infectious control. The purpose of this study was to design and fabricate a remote controlled transport robot that could provide an optimum technology base for developing countries, having dual functions of telepresence and delivery operations inside or outside buildings, is easy to assemble and also easily able to be cleaned using standard chemical agents.Methods: This machine was designed and fabricated to incorporate two main functions; delivery and telepresence. The robot consists of a base frame, DC motors for driving and steering systems, actuator motor for driving wheel elevation, Wi-Fi AP/Repeater, network camera, and a necessary a back-up power system.Results: This robot can be used both indoors and outdoors. It can carry loads of more than 80 kg. The machine can cross obstacles greater than 3 cm. It can be cleaned by disinfectant agents. An actuator motor can lift the driving wheels above the surface to prevent gear damage. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the concept of a healthcare telepresence and delivery robot that can provide distancing during the present COVID-19 crisis, using optimum technology for low and middle-income countries. In the future, the researcher should consider development of the delivery controls, combined with the telepresence system using the internet of things, to improve the navigation system, the manipulator system for supporting multi-floor transportation, and also other multi-functional purposes.
O debate em torno das ações políticas do Movimento Negro no processo histórico da Lei 10.639/2003
Authors: Aguiar Antônio Barros de
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar oscaminhos da homologação da Lei10.639/2003. Propomo-nos a entendercomo o Movimento Negro brasileiroatuou politicamente, a partir de umaagenda de reivindicações, para tornarobrigatório o ensino de História da Áfricae cultura afro-brasileira em todo oâmbito curricular. O texto também abordaos debates em torno dos Projetos deLei que levaram a sua sanção. As demandaspolíticas oriundas da luta dos militantesnegros possibilitaram a implementaçãode políticas e práticas de açõesafirmativas voltadas para a populaçãonegra e para o campo educacional. Nessesentido, a discussão teórica e analíticanos levou a perceber esse movimento socialcomo educador e como um ator políticona luta pela inclusão de uma educaçãoantirracista e multicultural.
Ensino laico ou confessional católico? Disputas em torno da educação na Argentina (final do século XIX e início do XX)
Authors: Da Silva Giuslane Francisca
Published: April 2021

Desde meados do século XIX até o iníciodo XX, ocorreu a introdução de váriosmovimentos políticos e filosóficosna Argentina. Um dos pontos que osunia era a criticidade em relação às interferênciasda Igreja Católica nasquestões do Estado, inclusive na educação.Defendiam uma educação pública,gratuita e laica. A Igreja, por outro lado,teceu muitas críticas aos ditos modernistase seus projetos em relação àeducação, considerados por ela como“inimigos do cristianismo”. Nesse sentido,o objetivo deste artigo é trazer algumasdas discussões travadas entremodernistas e a Igreja Católica sobre aeducação. A partir da literatura sobre atemática e da análise de cartas encíclicaspublicadas entre 1864 e 1907, foipossível perceber o exercício da Igrejaem dois sentidos: primeiro, em condenaros movimentos modernistas e, segundo,a defesa de um modelo de educação“ideal”, isto é, pautado nosvalores do catolicismo.
História pública de resistência quilombola: conexões e potencialidades do museu virtual em 3D do Quilombo do Cabula aplicado ao ensino de História
Authors: Martins Luciana Conceição De Almeida , Matta Alfredo Eurico Rodrigues
Published: April 2021

Os principais debates contemporâneosno campo do ensino de História instigamàs conexões significativas entre presentee passado, a fim de proporcionar experiênciasdialógicas e construtivas das pesquisashistoriográficas aplicadas ao ensinode História. Diante dessa constatação,o presente artigo tem por objetivo empreenderuma discussão sobre a importânciada trajetória da pesquisa sócio--histórica quilombola da localidade doCabula, na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, eseus resultados para o desenvolvimentode um museu virtual em 3D, bem comodemonstrar as potencialidades da suaaplicação no ensino de História. Para tal,utilizamos como embasamento teórico omovimento da história pública em umaabordagem socioconstrutivista, que propõeuma compreensão e conscientizaçãohistórica a partir da resolução de problemasde natureza aplicada.
As memórias dissonantes do carvão: atividades educativas do Centro de Memória e Documentação da UNESC – CEDOC
Authors: Cardoso Michele Gonçalves , Coelho Tiago Da Silva
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva discorrersobre as atividades educativas desenvolvidasno Centro de Memória e Documentaçãoda Universidade do ExtremoSul Catarinense – CEDOC. A instituiçãopromove diversas ações em parceriacom as escolas de educação básica coma intenção de possibilitar reflexões sobrea cidade de Criciúma e região por meiode seus acervos. Nosso enfoque nesteartigo são as oficinas organizadas e realizadasdurante o ano de 2016 e que trataramsobre diversos aspectos das atividadescarboníferas realizadas na cidade.As memórias e a materialidade a respeitodessas atividades são bastante positivadas,silenciando, por vezes, narrativase espaços que apresentam narrativasdissonantes, marginais e/ou sensíveis,de modo que as oficinas realizadas peloCEDOC propuseram repensar as percepçõese discursos oficiais sobre a cidadee a região carbonífera. As oficinasrealizadas em 2016 foram reconfiguradas e deram origem a vários outros projetos que continuam em andamento na instituição.
Ensino de História, memória e direitos humanos: reflexões sobre a transmissão da memória através do ensino de passados traumáticos
Authors: Setemy Adrianna
Published: April 2021

O texto apresenta reflexões acerca da relaçãoentre educação, memória e direitoshumanos, a fim de propor orientaçõespedagógicas e recomendaçõesconcretas para a abordagem de temassensíveis do passado no ensino de História.A ideia é que, a partir de uma sériede círculos concêntricos que permitamrefletir sobre a experiência local, regionale nacional em direção à América Latinae ao mundo, se constitua uma basepara lançar outros debates, outras perguntase novas orientações diante dosdesafios do tempo presente.