bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers as Predictive Factor of Postoperative Outcome in Patients with Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Garnavou-Xirou Christina , Xirou Tina , Gkizis Ilias , Kabanarou Stamatina A. , Dimitriou Eleni , Theodossiadis Panagiotis , Chatziralli Irini
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) as a potential predictive factor of postoperative visual outcome in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM), treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: Participants in the study were 46 consecutive patients diagnosed with iERM, who underwent PPV. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline (preoperatively), and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively. DRIL and additional OCT parameters were assessed at 1-mm-wide foveal centered area. Results: DRIL was observed in 47.8% of patients at baseline. There was statistically significant improvement in BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) between baseline and months 6 and 12 in all patients. There was a statistically significant difference in BCVA and CRT change between patients with and without DRIL at months 6 and 12 compared to baseline, showing that there was a correlation between change in BCVA or CRT and baseline DRIL. Ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane were intact in 91.3 and 95.7%, respectively, not affecting our results. Conclusions: Baseline DRIL has been shown to be predictive of postoperative visual outcome in patients with iERM, treated with PPV.
Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on Allodynia in Chronic Migraine: An Observational Open-Label Two-Year Study
Authors: de Tommaso Marina , Brighina Filippo , Delussi Marianna
Published: April 2019

Background: Onabotulinumtoxin A (OBT-A) is a treatment option for chronic migraine (CM), though the possible effect on central sensitization and allodynia is still unknown. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate (1) the long-term outcome of allodynia in a group of CM treated with OBT-A (2) if the presence and severity of allodynia could predict the long-term effect of OBT-A (3) if the improvement of allodynia, could contribute to the clinical efficacy of OBT-A. Methods: This was an observational, open-label, cohort study conducted on 99 CM patients treated for 1 year and 44 patients treated for 2 years with periodic OBT-A 155–195 U injections. In basal condition (T0), after 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) treatment, allodynia, migraine disability, and headache frequency were the main variables. Anxiety, depression and sleep deprivation were also considered potentially correlated factors to allodynia. Results: Allodynia decreased after 1 year (Student t test p = 0.0001), and decreased further after the second year of treatment (p = 0.015). There was a relationship between allodynia severity at T0 and reduced headache frequency change at T1 (r = 0.22) and T2 (r = 0.37). The effect of OBT-A on allodynia correlated with the reduction of MIDAS score after 1 year (r = 0.4) and 2 years (r = 0. 63) of treatment. Conclusions: OBT-A seems to have an effect on central sensitization, expressed by allodynia. This action could be exerted by modulating nociceptive transmission, and reducing the global burden of migraine. Patients with more severe allodynia display a limited long-term effect on headache frequency. The modulation of central sensitization could reduce migraine disability, in spite of the persistence of frequent headache.
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Paediatric Age: A Position Paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group
Authors: Dereń Katarzyna , Weghuber Daniel , Caroli Margherita , Koletzko Berthold , Thivel David , Frelut Marie-Laure , Socha Piotr , Grossman Zachi , Hadjipanayis Adamos , Wyszyńska Justyna , Mazur Artur
Published: April 2019

Background: Health risks associated with the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) include overweight or obesity and their complications such as diabetes, as well as oral and dental decay, among others. Aim: The aim of the present statement is to inform health care professionals, parents, care-givers, teachers and school head teachers, stakeholders and governing bodies about the risks associated with drinking SSBs in infants, children and adolescents. Methods: We searched PubMed and the Cochrane databases for English language studies published from 2010 through October 1, 2018, for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and observational studies (search terms are reported in eAppendix in the Supplement). We also manually searched the references of selected articles, reviews, meta-analyses and practice guidelines. Recommendations: Consumption of SSB by children and adolescents should be limited, and the consumption of water and other non-sweetened beverages should be promoted. Educational institutions such as nurseries, pre-schools and schools should offer unlimited access to drinking water, whereas the sale of SSBs should be banned.
Upper Limb Motor Function Affects the Outcome after Treatment with Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: Fujimura Kenta , Kagaya Hitoshi , Onaka Hisae , Nagasawa Nao , Ishihara Akihito , Okochi Yuki , Yamada Masayuki , Tanikawa Hiroki , Kanada Yoshikiyo , Saitoh Eiichi
Published: April 2019

Background: Treatment with Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is effective in decreasing upper limb spasticity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in the outcome based on the upper limb motor function before BoNT-A treatment. Methods: The subjects were 61 patients who underwent BoNT-A treatment for upper limb spasticity. Limb function was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE), modified Ashworth scale, passive range of motion and disability assessment scale before treatment as well as 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. We divided the total and each subscale of FMA-UE before BoNT-A administration into beyond-the-mean-score group (higher score group) and below-the-mean-score group (lower score group). Results: In both the higher and lower score groups of the FMA-UE total and modified Ashworth scale scores improved significantly after treatment. In FMA-UE, the higher score group of subscale A improved significantly, but subscale C decreased significantly at 2 and 6 weeks after the administration. The lower score group of total, subscale A, and B improved significantly. In the disability assessment scale, the self-dressing capability at 6 weeks and limb position at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after the administration improved significantly in the higher score group. In the lower score group, the hygiene capability at 2 weeks as well as the dressing capability and limb position improved significantly at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after administration. Conclusions: The time course after administration of BoNT-A differed based on upper limb motor function before injection. When administering BoNT-A into the finger flexor muscles of a patient, we should carefully judge the indications for administration.
Cross-Sectional Area Analysis of the Head of the Caudate Nucleus in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Furukawa Fumiko , Ishikawa Kinya , Yokota Takanori , Sanjo Nobuo
Published: April 2019

Background: Caudate nucleus atrophy is a well-known neuroimaging feature of Huntington’s disease (HD). Some researchers have reported a decrease in the volume of the striatum on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) even in the presymptomatic stage of the disease. Despite the many neuroimaging studies on HD, the optimal method for measuring the caudate nucleus area on MRIs and the most effective cutoff values for diagnosing HD remain unclear. Objectives and Methods: To define suitable imaging sequences and cutoff values for HD, we measured the area of the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN) in 11 patients with HD, 22 age- and sex-matched individuals without neurodegenerative disorders in the central nervous system, 22 sex-matched patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 22 sex-matched patients with Parkinson’s disease, and 7 patients with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Results: On T2-weighted images (T2WIs), we found significantly reduced HCN area at the rostral level in individuals with HD relative to those of the individuals in the other groups. A significant inverse correlation (ρ = –0.61, p = 0.046) was observed between the HD duration and HCN area at the rostral slice level on T2WIs. The cutoff value for distinguishing patients with HD from healthy individuals and those with other neurodegenerative diseases was 85 mm2 at the rostral level on T2WIs (100% sensitivity and specificity). Conclusions: This cutoff value can be applied clinically to evaluate brain atrophy in HD. Our method is advantageous because it is simple and can be implemented easily in daily clinical practice.
The Association between Chronicity of Migraine and Complementary and Alternative Medication Use: The Turkish Perspective
Authors: Ertem Devrimsel Harika
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose: The term of Complementary and Alternative Medication (CAM) is described by patients as all types of practices to prevent or treat illnesses, which are not currently considered as a part of conventional medicine. Although the advance in treatment for migraine, some patients prefer CAM therapies due to their concerns about conventional therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CAM use and chronicity of migraine among Turkish migraineurs. Methods: Consecutive episodic and chronic migraine patients were recruited. A questionnaire of a list of CAM modalities including traditional therapies specific to Turkish culture, which was constructed by researcher through a literature review was given to all participants. Patterns of CAM treatments and patients’ reluctance to share CAM use with their doctors were evaluated. Results: Sixty-nine patients with episodic migraine and 31 with chronic migraine enrolled in the study. Thirty-six patients reported that they had tried CAM at least once within the last year. Massage, exercise, acupuncture, holistic methods, herbalism, vitamins, psychotherapy, hypnose, cupping, and neural therapy were used. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were not differed in CAM users of both groups. Eighty-one per cent of CAM users stated that they preferred not to tell their doctors about their CAM use if not asked. Conclusions: Patterns of CAM use in Turkey for migraine differ from western practices. Due to fear of disapproval, patients tend to hide CAM use from their doctors. Exploring the CAM use among migraineurs is essential to prevent potential interactions of CAM therapies with conventional treatments.
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Gallbladder Masquerading as a Carcinoma
Authors: Funamizu Naotake , Nakabayashi Yukio
Published: April 2019

Cavernous hemangioma arising from the gallbladder is extremely rare. Here, we report a cavernous hemangioma of the gallbladder masquerading as a carcinoma. A 75-year-old man was referred to our institution for a follow-up study after gastrectomy. Abdominal computed tomography revealed that the gallbladder was filled with a low-density mass with calcification of the wall. The patient underwent extended cholecystectomy. Histologically, the tumor consisted of vascular endothelial cellular elements and hematomas. The postoperative course was uneventful without complications. Presently, only 7 cases of cavernous hemangioma of the gallbladder have been previously reported. This case serves as an important reminder to consider benign tumors including cavernous hemangioma when investigating all possible causes of a gallbladder tumor.
Deep Machine Learning and Neural Networks: An Overview
Authors: Mishra Chandrahas , Gupta D. L.
Published: April 2019

Deep learning is a technique of machine learning in artificial intelligence area. Deep learning in a refined "machine learning" algorithm that far surpasses a considerable lot of its forerunners in its capacities to perceive syllables and picture. Deep learning is as of now a greatly dynamic examination territory in machine learning and example acknowledgment society. It has increased colossal triumphs in an expansive zone of utilizations, for example, speech recognition, computer vision and natural language processing and numerous industry item. Neural network is used to implement the machine learning or to design intelligent machines. In this paper brief introduction to all machine learning paradigm and application area of deep machine learning and different types of neural networks with applications is discussed.
Improvement of Power Quality Using Fuzzy Controlled D-STATCOM in Distribution System
Authors: Santhosh Kumar B. , Madhu Sahu K.B. , Saikiran K.B. , Krishna Rao CH.
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the problems associated with distribution system in terms of delivery of clean power and their solutions. Power quality has become a major issue in the present power system network. The network has mostly inductive nature.  This draws more reactive power.  This causes harmonics and voltage unbalance problems. So maintain the proper operation of interconnected power system, we are using one of the facts devices such as fuzzy controlled D-statcom. It provides suitable compensation and there by maintain proper power factor and also reduces harmonic contents.  The simulation is taken out by MATLAB/SIMULINK and the result shows the effectiveness of GA (Genetic algorithm) simulation. Optimized Fuzzy controlled D-STATCOM for improvement of power quality.
A Fast Strategy to determine the Physical and Electrical Parameters of Photovoltaic Silicon Cell
Authors: Chahid El Hadi , Oumhand Mohammed Idali , Malaoui Abdessamad
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a fast strategy to extract and exploit the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell using the double-diode model. The polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) junction is chosen in this work due to the importance of its proprieties in industrial and economic fields. The proposed method to extract the solar cell electrical parameters contains two steps. The first is based on the graphical adjustments to choose the initial values of these parameters, and the second is numerical, using Modified Newton-Raphson’s algorithm. The obtained parameters extractions values are compared to the others methods and give a considerable agreement. Furthermore, we have developed a complementary analytical method to deduce both the minority’s carrier’s lifetime and the diffusion lengths through the diffusion and recombination current densities. The found values of these parameters are precisely comparable with theoretical models, and give very useful informations on the intrinsic quality of the studied cell.
Photovoltaic Array Modeling under Uniform Irradiation and Partial Shading Condition
Authors: Ardhenta Lunde , Wijono Wijono
Published: April 2019

Wind energy and solar energy are the prime energy sources which are being utilized for renewal energy. The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array for solar energy is affected by temperature, irradiation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays are shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV characteristics are more complex with multiple peaks, hence, it is very important to understand and predict the MPP under PSC in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents the development of PV array simulator for studying the I–V and P–V characteristics of a PV array under a partial shading condition. It can also be used for developing and evaluating new maximum power point tracking techniques, for PV array with partially shaded conditions. It is observed that, for a given number of PV modules, the array configuration significantly affects the maximum available power under partially shaded conditions. This is another aspect to which the developed tool can be applied. The model has been experimentally validated and the usefulness of this research is highlighted with the help of several illustrations.
A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation
Authors: Srilakshmi Koganti , Aravindhababu P. , Ravi Babu P.
Published: April 2019

Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power transmission through cables from offshore wind farms to onshore are HVAC, line commutated HVDC  and  VSC-HVDC.  This paper analyses the various schemes for integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid and suggests that LFAC with submarine cable operating at 0.7 Hz is an optimal choice in obtaining better performances. 
Analysis of the hard and soft shading impact on photovoltaic module performance using solar module tester
Authors: Al-Jumaili Mustafa Hamid , Abdalkafor Ahmed Subhi , Taha Mohammed Qasim
Published: April 2019

Solar cells are a major alternate source of sustainable energy in the usual condition of depleting non- renewable energy sources. Nowadays, this source is getting more and more important due to its use in large and small-scale installations. One of the major causes of energy losses in photovoltaic (PV) modules is the shading. It can happen due to clouds passing, near trees, and/or neighboring structures. Generally, there are two types of PV module Shading which are either partial shading or complete shading. Both have a significant impact on the solar module output power. This paper is an attempt of carrying out a study of the electrical characteristics of a solar module with various percentages of simulated shading. The solar module tester (SMT) simulator was used in this study. The study approved the direct correlation between short-circuit current and solar irradiance. The advantage of using SMT is its stable irradiance in comparison to the practical unstable solar irradiance within the same period. The results of both methods of shading simulation show that shading has a significant impact on the performance of solar panel in terms of efficiency, fill factor and output power. For better performance, solar panels should install in shading free places as much as its possible.
Robust coordinated control using backstepping of flywheel energy storage system and DFIG for power smoothing in wind power plants
Authors: Nadour Mohamed , Essadki Ahmed , Nasser Tamou , Fdaili Mohammed
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a robust coordinated control of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy conversion system (WECS), used to smooth the wind induced output power fluctuations. The overall system control combines field oriented control schemes and nonlinear backstepping approach applied first, to the machine side converter (MSC) to regulate the DFIG active and reactive power in order to ensure maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation and a unity power factor at the point of common coupling (PCC). Then, to the grid side converter (GSC) to maintain a constant DC bus voltage. Finally, to the flywheel side converter (FSC) in way that allows the storage unit to serve as a buffer that stores energy in the case of excess power and retrieves it back into the output in the case of power deficiency. A numerical simulation using Matlab/Simulink software validates the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies in terms of dynamic response, improvement of generated power quality and robustness against parametric variation.
Permanent magnet flux switching motor technology as a solution for high torque clean electric vehicle drive
Authors: Mbadiwe Enwelum I. , Sulaiman Erwan , Ahmad Zarafi Md. , Omar M.F.
Published: April 2019

A breakthrough in this century has been the development of electric vehicle which is propelled by electric motor powered by electricity. Already, many electric motors have been used for electric vehicle application but performances are low. In this paper, a permanent magnet motor technology using unconventional segmented rotor for high torque application is presented. Unlike conventional motors, this design, flux switching motor (FSM) is an advance form of synchronous machine with double rotating frequency. It accommodates both armature winding and flux source on the stator while the rotor is a simple passive laminated sheet steel. Conventionally, rotor of the maiden FSM and many emerging designs have focused on the salient pole, this design employs segmented rotor. Segmented rotor has advantages of short flux path more than salient rotor pole resulting in high flux linkage. Geometric topology of the proposed motor is introduced. It consists of 24Stator-14Pole using PM flux source with alternate stator tooth armature winding. The 2D-FEA model utilized JMAG Tool Solver to design and analyze motor’s performance in terms of torque with average torque output of 470Nm. The suitability of segmented outer-rotor FS motor as a high torque machine, using permanent magnet technology is a reliable candidate for electric vehicle.
A comparative study and experimental validation on single phase series active power filter control strategies using pi, flc and sliding mode controllers
Authors: Ben Abdelkader Abdallah , Abdelkhalek Othmane , Bousserhane Ismail Khalil , Hartani Mohamed Amine , Omari Aymen
Published: April 2019

Sensitive loads are widely used in industrial, which is the main cause of sag-swell and harmonics voltages problems that can affect the power quality. Among the devices that solve such power quality perturbations, the series active power Filter APFS is considered in this paper. Thus, a single phase APFS is developed through an analytic analysis, supported by an experimental validation, where we applied classical proportional integrator PI, fuzzy logic FLC and sliding mode SM controllers to improve the dynamic response of the APFS. In addition, a comparative study between these control strategies has made in order to mitigate voltage sag-swell and especially harmonics, where the SMC has showed more effective and robust results compared to PI and FLC and proved by the Total harmonic distortion THD ratio. Results of the proposed controllers are simulated in MATLAB simulink® and validated through experimental tests applied on our system prototype.
A nine-level hybrid current source inverter using common-emitter topology and inductor-cell
Authors: Suroso Suroso , Nugroho Daru Tri , Noguchi Toshihiko
Published: April 2019

A different circuit structure of nine-level current source power inverter is presented and discussed in this manuscript. The proposed topology is based on the common-emitter inverter topology equipped with an inductor-cell circuit. The common-emitter inverter works as the main inverter circuits delivering a three-level AC current waveform. The inductor-cell circuit produces the intermediate output current levels for nine-level current output waveform. Proportional integral current controller was applied to regulate the current streaming thru the inductor-cell. Multi triangular carrier signals based sinusoidal pulse width modulation method was utilized to obtain a lower waveform distortion. The proposed nine-level inverter circuit was tested and examined. The test results verified that the new nine-level inverter circuit worked well producing a nine-level current waveform with less low-frequency harmonic components.
Automatic Skyscraper Window Cleaning System
Authors: S Kavya , M.S. Karthik , C Arun Kumar
Published: April 2019

Automatic Skyscraper Window Cleaning System (ASWCS) aims at providing a risk free and more automated solution for the problem of cleaning glass windowed high rise buildings. It consists of a rollers-based moving platform suspended by a motorized pulley from the top of the building. The cleaning is done with the help of a motor driven cleaning roller brush and water spraying system provided in the platform. The rail system provided on the parapet wall of the building aids in the motorized horizontal movement of the cleaning platform. The entire operation is controlled by a TI MSP430 microcontroller. Once the dimensions of the building are input, the proposed system achieves cleaning with less human intervention. Hence the ASWCS provides an easy, efficient and safe solution for maintenance of skyscraper windows.
Programmable Automation Controller Mechatronic Experiment
Authors: Gross Thomas , Anderson Kevin , Tsuchiya Nolan
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the use of the OPTO-22 Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) Learning center in the undergraduate control systems course at California State Polytechnic University at Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). The OPTO-22 PAC System is an integrated system of hardware and software used for industrial control, remote monitoring, and data acquisition applications. The paper compares the pros and cons of using a PAC versus Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) systems. The paper introduces the flowchart based programming environment used in PACs. The paper includes an illustrative example of how the OPTO-22 PAC system can be interfaced to an industrial based Mechatronics pick-and-place robot station. This example details the input/output interfaces of the OPTO-22 PAC unit and the SUN Equipment Mecahtronics pick and place robot unit. Details of the flow chart programming and I/O interfacing protocols are given in the paper. The I/O configuration dialog in the OPTO-22 PAC development environment are also presented in this paper.
Implementing 3D Printer to Produce Parts in Medical Applications
Authors: Johnson Roger , Taylor Charles , Massiha G. H.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this project is to show the ability of a 3D printer to produce temporary parts, molds, and jigs for industrial applications. In the industry, it is common for any replacement parts to be milled by a CNC machine or a large inventory of replacement parts to be kept on standby.  This represents an underutilization of company capital.  This is because there should either be a CNC machine delegated to remake the part, while the other machine is down, or have capital dumped into parts that will not be utilized until a part breaks.  A 3D printer can create a temporary part that can take the place of the broken one until another, more permanent, one can be produced or ordered.  Although, if this was the only thing it would be used for it also would be underutilized and not bringing out its full potential.  It can also make jigs in a fraction of the time, and cost in materials, it would take for a CNC machine to mill it from metal.  This increases flexibility of the 3D printer and does not leave it underutilized, thus not being capital that is underutilized.
Design of Robust Fractional-Order PID Controller for DC Motor Using the Adjustable Performance Weights in the Weighted-Mixed Sensitivity Problem
Authors: Amieur Toufik , Sedraoui Moussa , Amieur Oualid
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with the robust series and parallel fractional-order PID synthesis controllers with the automatic selection of the adjustable performance weights, which are given in the weighted-mixed sensitivity problem. The significant contribution of the paper is to achieve the good trade-off between nominal performances and robust stability for DC motor regardless its nonlinear dynamic behavior, the unstructured model uncertainties and the effect of the sensor noises on the feedback control system. The main goal is formulated as the weighted-mixed sensitivity problem with unknown adjustable performance weight.  This problem is then solved using an adequate optimization algorithm and its optimal solution leads to determine simultaneously the robust fractional PID controller, which is proposed by the series and the parallel fractional structures, As well as, the obtained optimal solution determines the corresponding adjustable performance weight. The proposed control technique is applied on DC motor where its dynamic behavior is modeled by unstructured multiplicative model uncertainty. The obtained performances are compared in frequency- and time-domains with those given by both integer controllers such classical PID and H∞ controllers.
Design of Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Stabilization of Single Phase Stand-Alone PV Power System
Authors: Singh Thakur Hitendra , Narayan Patel Ram
Published: April 2019

For the three phase power electronic and drive applications, vector control or the synchronous reference frame (SRF) based control concept is well accepted and settled amongst the research communities. Although the SRF concept has gained popularity and appreciation in developing the three phase controllers, still the concept has not reached the same level in case of a single phase system. The work presented in this paper is mainly concerned to the design of a hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic based controller for a single phase stand-alone photo-voltaic (PV) power system. The adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller proposed in this paper is chiefly meant for improving the transient and steady state responses; for minimizing the distorting effect of the low order load current harmonics encountered particularly in case of switching the drive based inductive loads and to help maintain the inverter output voltage constant under different loading circumstances. The result obtained through simulation work, shows the effectiveness of the proposed controller as compared with the previously established research works.
Analytically Modeling, Design and Analysis a Nonlinear Controller for a STATCOM operations
Authors: Moharana J. K.
Published: April 2019

The concept of H Control is extended, in principle, to the SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) based inverter switching of a STATCOM (STATic synchronous COMpensator) device. The SVPWM assures a greater value of modulation factor in the undermodulation as well as the overmodulation range compared to SPWM (Sine Pulse Width Modulation) i.e. a much higher fundamental content. In the present work, the STATCOM has been modeled and its model is nonlinear in  (phase angle between fundamental of system voltage and output voltage of STATCOM. The effect of increased modulation index and lower harmonic distortion has been studied through simulation w.r.t. different performance indices and dynamic response of relevant variables. A PI and an H Controller have been designed for closed-loop control of the system. It is found through simulation that H controller gives better response than PI controller for nonlinear system.
Optimization and Implementation of Reversible BCD Adder in Terms of Number of Lines
Authors: Ramya P.Radhika , Vani Y.Sudha
Published: April 2019

The Reversible logic plays an important role to obtain the minimal energy dissipation. It is the main requirement in the low power digital design. To implement a reversible function some additional lines are required. Sometimes it is more than the primary inputs which leads to increased size of the circuit. Hence the reducing the number of circuit lines is one of the major criterion in reversible logic. The general idea is to merge the garbage output lines with appropriate constant input lines. In this work, Toffoli gate implementation of BCD adder and press gate implementation of BCD adder is taken and an optimization algorithm has been applied to reduce the number of lines in the circuit. The kit used to implement the design is Vertex5 in which both the area and delay are analyzed.
Embedded Linux Based Shopping Assistance System
Authors: Chakraborty Ayanabha , Konaje Prashant , Kasliwal Prabha
Published: April 2019

In a view to streamline shopping system and facilitate access to required commodities among innumerable varieties in a super market, personalized service can be exploited in automated manner through interactive graphical user interface. Implementation of location based several touch screen modules with a centralized database can provide easy, accurate and timely information in regards to query generated by the users. Availability of an item and its location with absolute identification are displayed on the screen to facilitate users to get access to it immediately. This not only saves valuable time and cumbersome manual procedure in finding desired products but also provides an easy-to-use interactive shopping experience without any effort. Personalized Shopping Assistance maintains a centralized database for all products in the super market with user-friendly graphical user interface touch screen modules at various locations.
Design and Development of Low Cost Navigation and Security System for Indian Fisherman Using Adrino Nano Platform
Authors: Dessai Sanket , M.M. Mahir , R. Mayur , Singha Nilkantha , Avaradhi Vinutha
Published: April 2019

The fishing industry plays a major role in development of Indian economy. The recent attacks on fishermen taking place in Indo-Srilanka and Indo-Pakistan maritime boundaries have been major concerns. These attacks are primarily caused by the lack of navigation and security features during the voyage. Hence the current situation demands the implementation of precise facilities for reducing man and material loss. This project involves the design and implementation of a Low cost Navigation and Security System for Indian fishermen on Arduino Nano platform. The system developed solves the above said issues by continously tracking the location of fishing vessel and providing minimal security features. The system ensures that navigation is in safe zone within the nation’s maritime boundary and also prevents crossover. This is acheived using GPS receiver which directly links to GPS satellites for current location of the vessel. The required data fields like the latitude and longitude data along with the time stamps are extracted from the GPS samples and used for comparision for determining the exact location of the vessel. This procedure will help in detection of corner cases when the vessel is nearing or about to crossover the maritime boundary, which cannot be marked physically. It is useful for triggering conditions like enabling or disabling fuel injection system, the warning beeps and display notifications to the fishermen. Manual override facility for restarting the engine in case of crossover for limited duration is provided. The security features like authentication for the genuine operator to get access to the engine panel, the support for distress message and the storage of the exact time stamps and GPS locations after encryption in case of initiation of transmitting distress message is provided as a blackbox feature. The passcode based mechanism allows for maximum of three attempts to unlock access to control panel. The GSM modem allows for transmission of distress message to the registered base station/coast guard. The encrypted GPS samples and time stamps are stored in on-chip EEPROM memory for future reference.   
Design and Implementation of Four Bit Binary Shifter Circuit Using Reversible Logic Approach
Authors: Shukla Vandana , Singh O. P. , Mishra G. R. , Tiwari R. K.
Published: April 2019

Shifter circuits are the key component of arithmetic logic unit as well as storage unit of any digital computing device. Designing these shifter circuits using reversible logic approach leads to create low power loss digital systems. Reversible circuit design approach is nowadays widely applicable in various disciplines such as Nanotechnology, Low power CMOS design, Optical computing etc. This paper presents two design approaches for four bit binary combinational shifter circuit with the help of different types of reversible logic gates. The proposed optimized design is simulated using Modelsim tool and synthesised for Xilinx Spartan 3E with Device XC3S500E with 200 MHz frequency.
Analysis of Different Ways of Crosstalk Measurement in GSM Network
Authors: Aderinola Musefiu , Abovie Bokolo , Okosi Festus , Daniel Igoniderigha , Odubo G.F.
Published: April 2019

Crosstalk is one of the problems that affect the performance operation of global system mobile (GSM) network. Among the effect of crosstalk are call mute, call drop, wire propagation delay, dynamic power dissipation etc. Crosstalk is an undesirable signal arising due to the coupling capacitances between adjacent interconnecting wires and measured in decibel. In this paper some literature were reviewed and different ways of measuring crosstalk such as Near end croosstalk (NEXT), far end crosstalk (FEXT), Power sum crosstalk (PSNEXT) and alien crosstalk (AXT) were analyzed.  
Digitalized Electronic Voting System
Authors: Venkata Raghav Dukka  Bindu , Bandi Sunith Kumar
Published: April 2019

In the present scenario, Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in India, generally for state elections. These EVMs are being used since 1999 upto till date. The EVMs reduce the time for both casting a vote and declaring the results when compared to the old paper ballot systems, up to 2004 there is no Tampering and security provided for EVMs after 2004 Supreme court and Election Commission decided to introduce EVMs with Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail(VVPAT) system but it also having some difficulties like missing of names in the voter list, requirement of huge manpower, storing of EVMs for counting purpose etc, so our proposed method is useful to overcome above problems in the voting system by using the Biometric and Aadhaar  information.   
FPGA Based Symmetrical Multi Level Inverter with Reduced Gate Driver Circuits
Authors: Prasad G. Durga , Jegathesan V
Published: April 2019

Multilevel converters tender advantages in terms of the output waveform quality due to the increased number of levels used in the output voltage modulation and have been widely accepted for high-power high-voltage applications.  This paper introduces topology in multilevel dc link inverter (MLDCLI), which can significantly reduce the switch count and improve the performance. The preferred topology provides a dc voltage with the shape of a staircase approximating the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave, to the bridge inverter, which in turn gives the required alternating waveform. This topology requires fewer components compared to traditional Multi level Inverters (MLI).Therefore, the overall cost and complexity are significantly reduced particularly for higher output voltage levels. Finally, Matlab/Simulink and XILINX are used as a simulation and compiler architecture of control circuit embedded in FPGA. Simulation and experimental results for fifteen-level inverter are presented for validation.
Metal Oxides Semiconductor Sensors for Odor Classification
Authors: Latifah Husni Nyayu , Silvia Ade , Nurmaini Siti , Yani Irsyadi
Published: April 2019

The performance of gas sensor will differ and vary due to the surrounding environment changing, the way of implementation, and the position of the sensors to the source. To reach a good result on gas sensors implementation, a performance test on sensors is needed. The results of the tests are useful for characterizing the properties of the particular material or device. This paper discusses the performances of metal oxides semiconductor (MOS) sensors. The sensors are tested to determine the sensors' time response, sensors' peak duration, sensors' sensitivity, and sensors' stability of the sensor when applied to the various sources at different range. Three sources were used in experimental test, namely: ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The gas sensors characteristics are analyzed in open sampling method in order to see the sensors' sensitivity to the uncertainty disturbances, such as wind. The result shows that metal oxides semiconductor sensor was responsive to the 3 sources not only in static but also dynamic conditions. The expected outcome of this study is to predict the MOS sensors' performance when they are applied in robotic implementation. This performance was considered as the training datasets of the sensor for odor classification in this research. From the experiments, It was got, in dynamic experiment, the senrors has average of precision of 93.8-97%, the accuracy 93.3-96.7%, and the recall 93.3-96.7%. This values indicates that the sensors were selective to the odor they sensed.
Application of Inverse Perspective Mapping for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems in Automotive Embedded Systems
Authors: N.T Vighnesh , Anil Rachana , Kumar D Rohith , Sharvana Sanjana , Hegde Rajeshwari , Nagabhushana B S
Published: April 2019

<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In the recent times vehicle manufactures and automotive suppliers are progressing towards building vision based subsystems for provisioning driver assistance while targeting the automotive safety critical needs. While the acquired images constitute the fundamental input for any vision based system, transforms on images become essential to derive and gain insight into certain specific features. These derived features are used and reused at multiple places for varied automotive applications. This situation warrants a scalable and flexible image processing platform for a class of automotive applications. An attempt is made in this Research work to propose architecture that, specially, includes a layer of image transformations and to implement a prototype image processing platform. Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM), a widely used class of transforms is emphasized in the present architecture alongside other nominal transforms. Lane departure warning system is implemented on this platform for the purpose of illustration and to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed architecture
Universal Automobile Headlight Control Module for High Beam Adaptation during Night Vision Travel an Embedded Design Approach
Authors: Siva M. Subramania , Jeyakumar G.
Published: April 2019

Road accidents during night travel increases day by day and vision impairment due to high beam contributes to the majority of the total fatalities. Headlights of vehicles pose a great danger during night driving. [1] The drivers of most vehicles use high/bright beam while driving at night. This causes a discomfort to the person travelling from the opposite direction. The driver experiences a sudden glare caused due to the high intense headlight beam from the other vehicle coming towards him from the opposite direction. We are expected to dim the headlight to avoid this glare. This glare causes a temporary blindness to a person resulting in road accidents during the night. To avoid such incidents, an embedded prototype of Automatic Headlight adaptor module is proposed. This embedded module automatically switches the high beam to low beam and returns backs to high beam, thus reducing the sudden glare effect. It also eliminates the requirement of manual switching by the driver to switch back to low beam Universal Headlight adaptor module is a unique solution to achieve the above objective, the headlight intensity of the incoming vehicles causing the glare is automatically attenuated to low beam wirelessly by the nearby vehicles affected by high beam. The interconnected modules at every vehicle independently takes the decision on the head light control of the source vehicle causing the glare by evaluating various parameters like vehicle speed, current GPS location, direction of vehicle etc.
A Power Efficient Self Biased OTA Design Based on g_m/I_D Methodology with Considering Load Variation, Temperature Variation and Power Supply Variation
Authors: Mittal Vikas
Published: April 2019

The present work addresses the design of power efficient fully self biased OTA using a design methodology based on the  transistor characteristics. This analog module was analyzed, designed and prototyped in TSMS 0.35μm CMOS technology. Simulation results are presented, in order to validate the methodology. The OTA has Gain of 41.35 dB and 3db bandwidth of 138.73 kHz and the UGB of 12.40MHz with the current consumption of 65.50 μA. The circuit does not have need of any DC external biasing circuit, only need to apply VDD (3.3 V). Here self biasing has been introduced with power consumption of 216.15μW. The results have been taken with load variations, temperature variations, and power supply variations. This circuit used in real time high frequency applications as in RF communication.
Analysis of CMOS Logic and Transmission Gate for 64 Bit Parallel Prefix Adders
Authors: K Nehru.K , T Nagarjuna , U Somanaidu
Published: April 2019

Parallel prefix adder network is a type of carry look ahead adder structure. It is widely considered as the fastest adder and used for high performance arithmetic circuits in the digital signal processors. In this article, an introduction to the design of 64 bit parallel prefix adder using transmission technique which acquires least no of nodes with the lowest transistor count and low power consumption is presented. The 64 bit parallel prefix adder is designed and comparison is made between other previously parallel prefix adders. The result shows that the proposed 64 bit parallel prefix adder is slightly better than existing parallel prefix adders and it considerably increases the computation speed.The spice tool is used for analysis with different supply voltages.
A Novel Face Recognition Algorithm Using Gabor - based KPCA
Authors: Ch Umasankar , Naresh Kumar D. , Abdul Rawoof Md. , Khalandar Basha D. , Madhu N.
Published: April 2019

The Gabor wavelets are used to extract facial features, and then a doubly nonlinear mapping kernel PCA (DKPCA) is proposed to perform feature transformation and face recognition. The conventional kernel PCA nonlinearly maps an input image into a high-dimensional feature space in order to make the mapped features linearly separable. However, this method does not consider the structural characteristics of the face images, and it is difficult to determine which nonlinear mapping is more effective for face recognition. In this work, a new method of nonlinear mapping, which is performed in the original feature space, is defined. The proposed nonlinear mapping not only considers the statistical properties of the input features, but also adopts an Eigen mask to emphasize those important facial feature points The proposed algorithm is evaluated based on the Yale database, the AR database, the ORL database and the YaleB database.
High Speed Area Efficient FPGA Implementation of AES Algorithm
Authors: B. Mane P. , O. Mulani A.
Published: April 2019

Now a day digital information is very easy to process, but it allows unauthorized users to access this information. To protect this information from unauthorized access, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most frequently used symmetric key cryptography algorithm. Main objective of this paper is to implement fast and secure AES algorithm on reconfigurable platform. In this paper, AES algorithm is designed with the aim to achieve less power consumption and high throughput. Keys are generated using MATLAB and remaining algorithm is designed using Xilinx SysGen, implemented on Nexys4 and simulated using Simulink. Synthesis result shows that it consumes 121 slice registers and its operating frequency is 1102.536 MHz. Throughput of the overall system is 14.1125 Gbps.