bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES' COPING ABILITIES THROUGH HUMOR AND THEIR LEVELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND BURNOUT IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SETTING
Authors: ÇAKMAK Rukiye , YILDIRIM GÜRKAN Dilek , ESENKAYA Derya
Published: October 2023

This research was conducted cross-sectionally with the aim of determining the relationship between nurses' coping abilities through humor and their levels of psychological distress and burnout. A total of 187 nurses working at a university hospital were administered a Personal Information Form, Questionnaire of Occupational Humorous Coping (QOHC), Psychological Distress Scale (PDS), and Burnout Scale Short Form (BS-SF). The study found that 23% of the nurses experienced moderate psychological distress, while 27.3% experienced severe psychological distress, and 9.6% suffered from severe burnout, indicating that 27.3% of them needed expert support. A significantly positive relationship was observed between PDS scores and BS-SF scores. Regression analysis revealed that nurses' PDS scores predicted 56.7% of the variance in BS-SF scores. Nurses were found to predominantly use instrumental-social coping as their coping strategy. Interestingly, no significant relationship was found between the coping through humor scale and the other measures in this study. In light of these findings, further research is recommended to explore the factors that hinder nurses from using effective coping methods and to investigate the causes of burnout and psychological distress among nurses. It is also suggested that healthcare institutions should plan to provide psychological support for nurses.
INDIVIDUAL-STATE RELATIONSHIP FROM EAST TO WEST THROUGH COLLECTIVITIES: THE SOCIAL INDIVIDUAL IN CONFUCIAN, HEGELIAN, AND COMMUNITARIAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES
Authors: CEYHAN Nurcan
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the nature of the individual-state relationship from a descriptive approach and a holistic perspective. The importance attributed to the sociality of the individual is embedded in both Eastern and Western political philosophies. The position of the individual vis-à-vis the state and other social structures depends on the philosophical understanding of the period and context. The emphasis on the sociality of the individual, which is put forward in the critique of classical liberalism’s perception of the individual is also observed in Confucian ethics and Hegel’s philosophical approach and thus implies a linear understanding. Especially since the last quarter of the 20th century, liberal communitarians have revived the debate by criticizing classical liberal conception of the individual. In contrast to classical liberalism’s understanding of transcendental individual who is free from social/collective features, liberal communitarians highlight the significance of social ties and structures. Recognizing the importance of the individual’s collective ties, this study examines the individual’s relationship with collective structures, especially the state, in Confucianism, Hegelian political thought, and communitarianism and argues that the relationship between the two has been a subject of constant debate from past to present.
EXACT SOLUTION OF THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION IN TOPOLOGICALLY MASSIVE SPACETIME
Authors: TARSUSLU Ali , SÖĞÜT Kenan
Published: October 2023

We study exact solutions of the Schr ̈odinger equation in a topologically massive space-time. Exact solutions are obtained in terms of the hypergeometric functions. We also obtained the momentum quantization with the help of the condition of the wave function to be bounded. The investigation is performed in the framework of rainbow formalism of the General Relativity Theory (RGT). The quantized momentum is evaluated for different choices of the rainbow functions.
Crimes Against Children in India: Regional Patterns and Annual Trends
Authors: Tikhute Vishal
Published: October 2023

Aim: Study aims to examine regional patterns of crime against children (CAC) in India. Methods: The National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB) data on CAC was compiled for national, state and metro cities level. Using annual average incidence and crime rates, the regional patterns of CAC were presented. Results: During 2001-2018, the rate of CAC in India has increased from 0.2 to 3. Kidnaping (44 per cent), child sexual abuse (28 per cent) and other Indian Penal Code (IPC) crimes constitute a large share in aggregate crimes against children at national level. Uttar Pradesh had highest (16283) incidence of crimes against children. Conclusion: There is increase in crimes against children in India particularly in the northern and central India. Distribution patterns under different crime heads resembled national and metropolitan levels. Incidence of murders, child sexual abuse, other IPC crimes and rapes dominated the ranking of CAC at national and metropolitan level.
Narrações da constituição da professoralidade na docência universitária
Authors: Morais Joelson de Sousa , Nascimento Franc-Lane Sousa Carvalho do , Silva Júnior Dilmar Rodrigues da
Published: October 2023

O texto é oriundo de uma pesquisa de documentação narrativa de experiências pedagógicas (Suárez, 2017), desenvolvida durante a Pandemia de Covid-19, no ano de 2021, da qual participaram quatro professores (as) universitários (as) dos estados do Maranhão e de Rondônia. Para realizá-la, optamos pelos seguintes recursos metodológicos: narrativas orais, produzidas e compartilhadas via WhatsApp. O objetivo central foi compreender os processos de constituição da professoralidade nos resultados obtidos, por meio da compreensão e interpretação pautadas na hermenêutica da narratividade e temporalidade em Paul Ricoeur (2010). Como resultados, foi possível inferir que a professoralidade emergiu como um conceito fundamental que atesta a sua relevância na Educação Superior, de forma a contribuir para a constituição de novos conceitos e (re)aprendizagens de si, do outro, da educação e da profissão docente, aludindo às dimensões formativas e de construção de conhecimentos, tecidos permanentemente na vida, experiência e formação profissional.
Accelerating the in vitro emulation of Alzheimer’s disease-associated phenotypes using a novel 3D blood-brain barrier neurosphere co-culture model
Authors: Ko Eunkyung Clare , Spitz Sarah , Pramotton Francesca Michela , Barr Olivia M. , Xu Ciana , Pavlou Georgios , Zhang Shun , Tsai Alice , Maaser-Hecker Anna , Jorfi Mehdi , Choi Se Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Kamm Roger D.
Published: October 2023

High failure rates in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have been linked to an insufficient predictive validity of current animal-based disease models. This has created an increasing demand for alternative, human-based models capable of emulating key pathological phenotypes in vitro. Here, a three-dimensional Alzheimer’s disease model was developed using a compartmentalized microfluidic device that combines a self-assembled microvascular network of the human blood-brain barrier with neurospheres derived from Alzheimer’s disease-specific neural progenitor cells. To shorten microfluidic co-culture times, neurospheres were pre-differentiated for 21 days to express Alzheimer’s disease-specific pathological phenotypes prior to the introduction into the microfluidic device. In agreement with post-mortem studies and Alzheimer’s disease in vivo models, after 7 days of co-culture with pre-differentiated Alzheimer’s disease-specific neurospheres, the three-dimensional blood-brain barrier network exhibited significant changes in barrier permeability and morphology. Furthermore, vascular networks in co-culture with Alzheimer’s disease-specific microtissues displayed localized β-amyloid deposition. Thus, by interconnecting a microvascular network of the blood-brain barrier with pre-differentiated neurospheres the presented model holds immense potential for replicating key neurovascular phenotypes of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro.
3D-printed custom implant for the management of “locked” posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint with reverse Hill-Sachs lesion: a case report
Authors: Hu Yongrong , Yang Kunhai , Liu Hao , Wang Liping , Wang Song , Zhang Xiang , Qu Bo , Yang Hongsheng
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Irregular bone defects of the humerus are common in clinical practice, but there are fewer reported cases of irregular humeral defects accompanied by shoulder joint “locking” dislocation and reverse Hill-Sachs injury caused by an electric shock. The choice of treatment for such cases is closely related to the extent of shoulder joint function recovery. This is a case report of a 60-year-old male patient who suffered from a shoulder joint “locking” dislocation with accompanying reverse Hill-Sachs injury due to muscle contraction after being electrically shocked at work. The patient was treated with a 3D-printed custom humeral head prosthesis for the treatment of the shoulder joint “locking” dislocation and reverse Hill-Sachs injury.

Case presentation: A 60-year-old male patient, working as a construction worker, presented to our emergency department with right shoulder pain and restricted movement for more than 30 min after an electric shock. Right humeral CT revealed a comminuted fracture of the right humeral head. D-dimer levels were significantly elevated at 3239.00 ng/mL, and oxygen partial pressure was slightly decreased at 68 mmHg. Treatment included emergency wound debridement and dressing for the electrical injury, cardioprotective measures, anticoagulation, and symptomatic management. After stabilizing the patient’s condition, the patient underwent 3D-printed custom prosthesis-assisted partial replacement of the right humeral head and rotator cuff repair in the orthopedic department. Postoperatively, the patient’s right shoulder joint wound healed well, and mobility was restored.

Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that the use of a 3D-printed custom prosthesis for the treatment of irregular humeral bone defects caused by specific injury mechanisms, especially cases involving shoulder joint “locking” dislocation and reverse Hill-Sachs injury, can achieve precise bone defect repair, minimize surgical trauma, and provide superior outcomes in terms of postoperative functional rehabilitation.
Modified gefitinib conjugated Fe3O4 NPs for improved delivery of chemo drugs following an image-guided mechanistic study of inner vs. outer tumor uptake for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Thangudu Suresh , Tsai Ching-Yi , Lin Wei-Che , Su Chia-Hao
Published: October 2023

Gefitinib (GEF) is an FDA-approved anti-cancer drug for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of anticancer drugs is limited due to their non-specificity, lower accumulation at target sites, and systemic toxicity. Herein, we successfully synthesized a modified GEF (mGEF) drug and conjugated to Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for the treatment of NSCLC via magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided drug delivery. A traditional EDC coupling pathway uses mGEF to directly conjugate to Fe3O4 NPs to overcom the drug leakage issues. As a result, we found in vitro drug delivery on mGEF- Fe3O4 NPs exhibits excellent anticancer effects towards the PC9 cells selectively, with an estimated IC 50 value of 2.0 μM. Additionally, in vivo MRI and PET results demonstrate that the NPs could accumulate in tumor-specific regions with localized cell growth inhibition. Results also revealed that outer tumor region exhibiting a stronger contrast than the tinner tumor region which may due necrosis in inner tumor region. In vivo biodistribution further confirms Fe3O4 NPs are more biocompatible and are excreated after the treatment. Overall, we believe that this current strategy of drug modification combined with chemical conjugation on magnetic NPs will lead to improved cancer chemotherapy as well as understanding the tumor microenvironments for better therapeutic outcomes.
Decentralized justice: state of the art, recurring criticisms and next-generation research topics
Authors: Ast Federico , George William , Kamalova Jamilya , Sharma Abeer , Aouidef Yann
Published: October 2023

Decentralized justice is a novel approach to online dispute resolution based on blockchain, crowdsourcing and game theory for adjudicating claims in a neutral and efficient way. Since the launch of the first decentralized justice platform in 2018, the field has attracted wide interest both from practitioners and academics in Web3 and dispute resolution. The decentralized justice approach is based on the ideas of decentralization, economic incentives and a claim to fairness in its decisions. At the current stage of development, decentralized justice is facing a number of technical, market, legal and ethical challenges for further development. This paper provides a review of the short history of decentralized justice, addresses a number of recurrent topics and lays down a path for future exploration.
Machine learning approach for predicting bridge components’ condition ratings
Authors: Mia Md. Manik , Kameshwar Sabarethinam
Published: October 2023

Information on bridge condition rating is critical to make decisions regarding rehabilitation or replacement of bridges. Currently, bridge components’ condition ratings are evaluated manually using inspection reports. Markov chain and Petri net models are most commonly used for predicting future values of bridge parameters, however, applicability of these models for a regional or statewide portfolio of bridges may be limited. The existing data based models have low prediction accuracy. Hence, a data and machine learning based approach is presented herein for predicting the future condition values of major components—deck, superstructure and substructure—in a portfolio of bridges with an objective to develop a more accurate approach. National Bridge Inventory (NBI) was used to get information on current and past bridge components’ condition from year 1992–2019 along with other parameters such as ownership, maintenance responsibility and age. After selecting important parameters, this data was used to train three RUSBoost based random forest models for predicting future values of deck, superstructure, and substructure conditions, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the developed models were found above 93%, thereby addressing the limitation of poor prediction accuracy of the existing studies. Additionally, the uncertainties associated with the random forest based predictions were quantified at the regional level and for individual bridges. On-system concrete pre-cast slab units and steel I-beam bridges in Louisiana were selected to demonstrate the proposed approach and predict bridge components condition ratings for years 2020 and 2021.
Mental health, violence, suicide, self-harm, and HIV in series and films of Netflix: content analysis and its possible impacts on society
Authors: Peña Mikel , Sarrionandia Ainize
Published: October 2023

The media entertainment we consume significantly affects our behavior, our relationships, and our identity. Thus, this study focuses on some of the main problems of society today and analyzes how these variables are represented on Netflix. Specifically, this study analyzes how content related to mental health, violence, suicide, self-harm, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) appears in the ten most-watched movies and ten most-watched series on Netflix. To this end, a conceptual analysis method based on a 5-min interval coding is used. Results posit that violence is shown in 38.7% of the movie sections and 37.3% of the series. Suicide and self-harm appear, respectively, in 0.9% and 0% of the movies and 1.3 and 0.2% of the series. Regarding mental health, 0.5% of the analyzed individuals had a mental health diagnosis. Finally, none of the 220 main characters analyzed stated that they had HIV. Among the conclusions, the need to regulate violence in the media or to mitigate the impact it generates should be highlighted. Likewise, mental health, suicide, self-harm, and HIV have been observed not to have a realistic representation in fiction, which generates stigmatization.
Association between lipoprotein(a) and insulin resistance in Chinese adults: results from the China health and nutrition survey
Authors: Wang Heng , Fan Jia-Li
Published: October 2023

Background

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between Lp(a) and insulin resistance (IR) remains controversial. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between Lp(a) concentrations and IR in Chinese adults.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 1908 cases and 5725 controls was performed for identifying the association of Lp(a) with IR. IR was assessed using the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and patients with a TyG index greater than the third quartile were defined as having IR.

Results

The distribution of Lp(a) in Chinese adults was skewed, with a median of 7.90mg/dL. Lp(a) concentrations were significantly and progressively lower with increasing TyG index values in Chinese adult males, but not in females. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for a wide range of risk factors showed that Lp(a) concentrations were inversely and independently associated with IR in Chinese adult males, but not in females. The suggested Lp (a) cutoff for discriminating IR from non-IR was 4.7 mg/dL in Chinese adult males. Lp(a) interacts with gender in IR on both additive and multiplicative scale in Chinese adults.

Conclusion

Lp(a) concentrations inversely associated with IR in Chinses adult males, but the association in women needs further study. In Chinese adults, Lp(a) interacts with gender in IR.
Inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Nie Xinlin , Liu Zhaoliang , Xie Dongheng , Sun Yang
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine causal associations between inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases (disorders of sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body [DSCIC] and disorders of choroid and retina [DCR]).

Methods

Genome-wide association studies’ summary data of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a large-scale meta-analysis were used to identify genetically predicted RA. UK Biobank source data predicted ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Furthermore, data from the FinnGen Biobank were used to identify genetically predicted eye diseases. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory arthritis and eye diseases in the European population. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method, while MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO outlier test were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

Genetically determined RA was indeed observed to have a causal effect on DSCIC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.084, p = 2.353 × 10−10) and DCR (OR = 1.151, p = 1.584 × 10−19). AS was causally associated with DSCIC (OR = 1.068, p < 2.024 × 10−8). In addition, PsA was also found to have a causal association with an increased risk of 17.9% for the development of DSCIC (OR = 1.179, p = 0.003). On the flip side, DSCIC increased the risk of JIA (OR = 2.276, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Our study provided genetic evidence for the causal associations of RA, AS, and PsA with an increased risk of DSCIC, and a causal association between RA and DCR was also identified. In addition, DSCIC greatly increased the risk of JIA.
Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in manure and the surrounding soil from typical chicken farms in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Zha Yan , Li Qinghai , Liu Hang , Ge Ying , Wei Yinghui , Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Lei , Fan Jinghui , Chen Yi , Zhang Chengxian , Zhou Tiefeng , Zhang Weiwu
Published: October 2023

The widespread use of antibiotics in animal and human medication has raised global concerns over environmental contamination caused by antibiotic residues. This research investigated the occurrence of 12 kinds of antibiotics belonging to three groups, sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs), and fluoroquinolones (FQs), in chicken manure and the surrounding soil from different chicken farms in Hangzhou, South China, were detected in the samples via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and the contamination characteristics of each type of antibiotic and the correlations between each antibiotic and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the key influencing factors. An ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in the soil environment was conducted using the risk quotient (RQ) method to analyze the potential hazard level. The results indicated that: the total concentration of FQs was much higher than those of SAs and TCs in chicken manures and the soil samples. The mean concentration of FQs (39.17 μg·kg–1), TCs (34.37 μg·kg–1), and SAs (20.24 μg·kg–1) in chicken manure were significantly higher than those in the soil samples. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the main antibiotics detected in manure (19.42 μg·kg–1) and the soils samples (near soil: 18.42 μg·kg–1, far soil: 10.29 μg·kg–1), followed by enrofloxacin (ENR), tetracycline (TC), and ofloxacin (OFL). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that moisture content (MS), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) had a greater influence on the antibiotic concentration in the soil samples. Basis on the calculated risk quotient (RQs) values, the risk assessment indicated Sulfamerazine (SD) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in soil posed a high risk, while trimethoprim (TMP), TC, CIP, and OFL in soils posed a medium or low risk. This research provides control and environmental monitoring data about chicken farms and scientific information that can be used to alleviate antibiotics pollution.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of coral reef conservation among Terengganu community of Malaysia
Authors: Marzo Roy Rillera , Chen Hana W. Jun , Anuar Haryati , Abdul Wahab Mohamad Khairuddin , Arifin Mohamad Hairul Nizam , Ariffin Indang Ariati , Hamzah Hazian , Ahmad Azral Ismawy , Kawuki Joseph , Halim Shariff , Aljuaid Mohammed
Published: October 2023

Background: Malaysia’s coral reefs, primarily threatened by overfishing, pollution, and climate change, face significant challenges despite conservation efforts. Researchers from Management and Science University have taken a holistic approach towards coral reef conservation. This multi-stakeholder strategy, which involves local communities, government agencies, and private sectors, underscores the importance of collective action. A notable initiative within this approach is the coral transplantation program on Geluk Island, aiming to restore and bolster these crucial marine ecosystems.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Terengganu community towards coral reef conservation and identify sociodemographic variables associated with community member practices.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2022 in Setiu, Terengganu and recruited 338 adult local villagers. Data on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of coral reefs, awareness and attitude towards the MYCoral 5.0 MSU Eco-Marine Project, and practice of coral reef conservation were collected via validated interviewer-rated questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with good coral reef conservation practices, using SPSS version 2.

Results: Out of the 338 participants, 55.3% had acceptable knowledge on coral reefs, 29.0% had good practice of coral reef conservation. Additionally, 44.7% had good knowledge of the MyCoral 5.0 project, and 68.9% were willing to volunteer for coral reef conservation. Knowledge of coral reefs (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15–2.52), knowledge of MyCoral project (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.47–4.74), and willingness to volunteer for conservation (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.36–3.64) were significantly associated with good practice of coral reef conservation.

Conclusion: The study results highlight a need for education and awareness programs to improve the knowledge and practices of coral reef conservation. Moreover, consideration of socio-demographic dynamics of the local communities in designing targeted conservation strategies could also be vital.
Advancements in the study of neural mechanisms underlying mammalian grouping behaviour
Authors: Kelly Aubrey M.
Published: October 2023

Despite the prevalence of large group-living in the animal kingdom, we know surprisingly little about how the brain facilitates grouping behavior, particularly in mammals. In this brief communication, I provide an update on advancements in the study of the neural mechanisms underlying mammalian grouping behavior. I discuss the benefits of using non-traditional organisms in the laboratory and provide examples of how using non-standard, large housing and testing apparatuses produces more ethologically-relevant behavioral datasets. Further, with advancements in computer vision-based automated tracking and increasing availability of wireless neural recording and manipulation tools, scientists can now generate unprecedented neurobehavioral datasets from multiple interacting animals. Together, recent advancements in behavioral and neural approaches hold great promise for expanding our understanding of how the brain modulates complex, mammalian grouping behaviors.
Experimental study on strain accumulation characteristics of saturated remolded loess under pure rotation of the principal stress axis
Authors: Wang Sui , Zhong Zuliang , Chen Bin , Wu Bo , Zhang Dongyu , Ni Fuxing
Published: October 2023

The study conducted a pure rotation test of 720° for saturated remolded Q2 loess under principal stress axis (PSA) rotation when deviatoric stress and the intermediate principal stress ratio are different, also paying attention to examining the changes of strain accumulation and pore pressure of such loess. According to the test, as the PSA rotates continuously, the pore water pressure exhibited by saturated remolded loess presents a normal cyclic accumulation elevation, and under the same deviatoric stress conditions, the pore water pressure accumulation trend of different principal stress ratios is the same; however, the magnitude is different. The increment of pore water pressure becomes smaller as the number of cycles increases. When the deviatoric stress level is low, the material hardening is in a cyclic stable state, the strain component remains stable with the continuous rotation of the PSA, and the strain path area is reduced, together with a stable final size. In case of higher deviatoric stress, the material strength cycle becomes weaker and the strain component accumulates slowly as the PSA (the spiral line of the strain path) continuously rotates in the γzθ−(ϵz−ϵθ) plane, and gradually expands until failure. The increased intermediate principal stress is accompanied by accelerated strain development speed and advanced failure.
No causal association between COVID-19 and sepsis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Hao , Cao Yu , Zhong Ming
Published: October 2023

Background

Sepsis and COVID-19 have a well-established observable relationship. Whether COVID-19 increases the likelihood of developing sepsis and whether patients with sepsis are at increased risk for COVID-19 infection is unknown. Using a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis techniques in sizable cohorts, we sought to answer this question.

Methods

The current study performed Mendelian randomization (MR) on publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data in order to investigate the causal linkages between COVID-19 and sepsis. A Two-Sample MR(TSMR) analyses was performed. As instrumental variables, a COVID-19 dataset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significance value smaller than 5*10-8 was employed and Sepsis dataset of SNPs with significance value smaller than 5*10-7was employed.

Results

The results suggested that Very severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19(VSRC), hospitalized COVID-19(HC) and Infected COVID-19(IC) had no causal influence on sepsis risk using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique (VSRC OR = 1.000, 95% CI, 0.956-1.046, P = 0.996, HC OR = 0.976, 95% CI, 0.920-1.036, P = 0.430, IC OR = 0.923, 95% CI, 0.796-1.071, P = 0.291) and there was no causal effect of sepsis on the risk of VSRC, HC and IC (VSRC OR = 0.955, 95% CI, 0.844-1.173, P = 0.953, HC OR = 0.993, 95% CI, 0.859-1.147, P = 0.921, IC OR = 1.001, 95% CI, 0.959-1.045, P = 0.961).

Conclusions

Our findings do not support a causal relationship between COVID-19 and sepsis risk, nor do they suggest a causal link between sepsis and COVID-19. The bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and sepsis warrants further investigation in large cohorts.
Understanding the role of membrane cholesterol upon Epstein Barr virus infection in astroglial cells
Authors: Rani Annu , Tanwar Manushree , Verma Tarun Prakash , Patra Priyanka , Trivedi Pankaj , Kumar Rajesh , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: October 2023

Background

EBV infection has long been postulated to trigger multiple sclerosis (MS) and anti-EBV antibodies showed a consistent presence in MS patients. Previous reports from our group have shown that the EBV infects different brain cells. Entry of the virus in neuronal cells is assisted by several host factors including membrane cholesterol. By using an inhibitor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), we evaluated the role of membrane cholesterol in EBV infection and pathogenesis

Methodology

The membrane cholesterol depleted cells were infected with EBV and its latent genes expression were assessed. Further, EBV-mediated downstream signalling molecules namely STAT3, RIP, NF-kB and TNF-α levels was checked at protein level along with spatial (periphery and nucleus) and temporal changes in biomolecular fingerprints with Raman microspectroscopy (RS).

Results

Upon treatment with MβCD, lmp1 and lmp2a suggested significant downregulation compared to EBV infection. Downstream molecules like STAT3 and RIP, exhibited a decrease in protein levels temporally upon exposure to MβCD while NF-kB levels were found to be increased. Further, the intensity of the Raman spectra exhibited an increase in triglycerides and fatty acids in the cytoplasm of EBV-infected LN-229 cells compared to MβCD+EBV. Likewise, the Raman peak width of cholesterol, lipid and fatty acids were found to be reduced in EBV-infected samples indicates elevation in the cholesterol specific moieties. In contrast, an opposite pattern was observed in the nucleus. Moreover, the ingenuity pathway analysis revealed protein molecules such as VLDLR, MBP and APP that are associated with altered profile of cholesterol, fatty acids and triglycerides with infection-related CNS disorders.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results underline the important role of membrane cholesterol over EBV entry/pathogenesis in astroglia cells which further trigger/exacerbate virus-associated neuropathologies. These results likely to aid into the prognosis of neurological disease like MS.
Identification of biomarkers related to immune and inflammation in membranous nephropathy: comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and validation
Authors: Zhang Pingna , Geng Yunling , Tang Jingyi , Cao Zijing , Xiang Xiaojun , Yang Kezhen , Chen Hongbo
Published: October 2023

Background

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune glomerular disease that is predominantly mediated by immune complex deposition and complement activation. The aim of this study was to identify key biomarkers of MN and investigate their association with immune-related mechanisms, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors (CCRs).

Methods

MN cohort microarray expression data were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MN were identified, and hub genes were determined using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The relationships between immune-related hub genes, immune cells, CCRs, and inflammatory cytokines were examined using immune infiltration analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Finally, the immune-related hub genes in MN were validated using ELISA.

Results

In total, 501 DEGs were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of immune- and cytokine-related pathways in MN progression. Using WGCNA and immune infiltration analysis, 2 immune-related hub genes (CYBB and CSF1R) were identified. These genes exhibited significant correlations with a wide range of immune cells and were found to participate in B cell/T cell receptor and chemokine signaling pathways. In addition, the expressions of 2 immune-related hub genes were positively correlated with the expression of CCR1, CX3CR1, IL1B, CCL4, TNF, and CCR2.

Conclusion

Our study identified CSF1 and CYBB as immune-related hub genes that potentially influence the expression of CCRs and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCR1, CX3CR1, IL1B, CCL4, TNF, and CCR2). CSF1 and CYBB may be potential biomarkers for MN progression, providing a perspective for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic targets of MN.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells- a principal element for tumour microenvironment heterogeneity
Authors: Sun Li , Yao Yongliang
Published: October 2023

The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major obstacle in cancer treatment, making most therapeutic interventions palliative rather than curative. Previous studies have suggested that the reason for the low efficacy of immunotherapy and the relapse of the original responders over time may be due to the complex network of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), a population of multipotent progenitor cells existing in a variety of tissues. Cancer-associated MSCs (CA-MSCs) have already been isolated from various types of tumors and are characterized by their vigorous pro-tumorigenic functions. Although the roles of CA-MSCs from different sources vary widely, their origins are still poorly understood. Current evidence suggests that when local resident or distally recruited MSCs interact with tumor cells and other components in the TME, “naïve” MSCs undergo genetic and functional changes to form CA-MSCs. In this review, we mainly focus on the multiple roles of CA-MSCs derived from different sources, which may help in elucidating the formation and function of the entire TME, as well as discover innovative targets for anti-cancer therapies.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis: a systematic analysis of case reports
Authors: Wang Caie , Zhao Guo , Zhang Zhen , Yang Lukui , Liu Shihao , Li Guifang , Wang Hongxia , Huang Jiaxin , Wang Shuhang , Li Ning
Published: October 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy can be complicated by their potential cardiovascular toxicities, including myocarditis. Nowadays, no prospective trials have focused on ICI-associated myocarditis optimized management. Available evidence only come from case reports or series. A systematic case reports analysis was conducted to collect and evaluate emerging evidence of ICI-associated myocarditis to provide more information to clinicians.

Methods

We performed a literature search for eligible case reports or series published between January 2018 and May 2023 using the PubMed database. Then, we extracted interesting information via table form. Finally, this study included 113 publications on 106 patients with ICI-associated myocarditis.

Results

Myocarditis was found to be a highly life-threatening disease, with 53.8% of cases. Over half of cases were life-threatening (G4, 23.6%) or severe (G3, 35.8%) and required glucocorticoids. Higher rates of improvement were associated with the best response to ICI for complete response/partial response (72.7% vs. 53.9%), glucocorticoid administration (30% vs. 22%), and discontinuation of ICI (58.8% vs. 32.1%). Consequently, ICI-associated G3–G4 myocarditis should be treated with a combination of discontinuation of ICIs, high-dose glucocorticoids, other drugs, chemical drugs, plasma exchange, and life support. For moderate G1 or G2 cases, discontinuation of ICIs and regular-dose glucocorticoids should be considered.

Conclusion

Once full recovery or improvement was achieved; glucocorticoids can be administered at low doses or stopped. Notably, re-challenge with ICIs appears feasible after resolution or meaningful improvement of myocarditis.
Comparative analyses of eight primer sets commonly used to target the bacterial 16S rRNA gene for marine metabarcoding-based studies
Authors: Lee Hyeon Been , Jeong Dong Hyuk , Cho Byung Cheol , Park Jong Soo
Published: October 2023

Next-generation sequencing (NGS), especially metabarcoding, is commonly used to study the diversity and distribution of microbes in diverse ecosystems. The choice of primer set is critical, given the drawbacks of short amplicons and amplicon sequencing bias inherent to metabarcoding. However, comparative analyses of primer sets have rarely been conducted using field samples. In this study, we compared eight commonly used primer sets, all targeting hypervariable regions in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene: 27F/338R (V1–V2), V2f/V3r (V2–V3), PRK341F/PRK806R (V3–V4), 341F/785R (V3–V4), 515F/806RB (V4), 515F/806R (V4), 515F-Y/926R (V4–V5), and B969F/BA1406R (V6–V8). We conducted NGS in triplicate, with >0.8 billion bases in total using coastal seawater samples. The representation of bacterial community composition varied significantly across the eight primer sets, despite being from the same sample. The 27F/338R primer set showed the highest number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and read counts, and accounted for 68% of all the order-level taxa found. Remarkably, a novel complementary combination of two primer sets, 27F/338R and 515F/806RB, covered 89% of all the orders that were present. Compared to other primer sets, this combination detected more OTUs of the orders Pelagibacterales and Rhodobacterales, which are ubiquitous in the oceans. As such, use of this combination in future studies may help to reduce diversity bias in ocean-derived samples, in particular temperate coastal samples.
Elastic and dimensional properties of newly combined 3D-printed multimaterials fabricated by DLP stereolithography
Authors: Kornfellner Erik , Königshofer Markus , Unger Ewald , Moscato Francesco
Published: October 2023

In the field of stereolithography 3D printing, the portfolio of commercially available photopolymers has burgeoned. Each material family possesses its individual properties. However, corresponding products with specific requirements remain a major challenge. This gap could be filled by combining existing materials. This study aimed to predict Young’s modulus of the specimen manufactured by combining multiple materials using digital light processing (DLP), a subtype of stereolithography. It also aimed to investigate the effects of the printing process on the geometry and mechanical properties of such 3D-printed multimaterials. Using a DLP 3D printer, samples were produced from commercially available pure and mixed materials, and half of the samples underwent post-printing curing. Three-point bending tests were performed to determine the elastic modulus of the samples. The elastic properties have been compared to linear interpolation using the properties of the primary materials. The measurements showed that Young’s modulus ranged from 1.6 GPa to 2.2 GPa for the post-cured materials, with the mixed materials fitting well with the linear interpolation approach. For eight out of nine sample sets, the prediction was within the range of the measurements. In the case of as-printed samples, the elasticity of the primary materials ranged from 0.4 GPa to 0.9 GPa, but all of the mixed materials showed a stiffer behavior than the linear interpolation prediction, up to 57% above the prediction. The dimensions of the printed specimen were measured, and groups of different geometrical deviations were identified. These were analyzed with regard to the printer system and material mixture. In conclusion, this study shows and discusses the effects of the printing process on mechanical and dimensional properties of specimens fabricated using a stereolithographic 3D printer from multiple commercially available primary materials. It discusses a process for predicting the elastic properties of these multimaterials and selecting the mixing ratios to achieve specifically desired properties.
Comparison of RCI001 and corticosteroid on the effects on intraocular pressure in mice
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Ku Young-ah , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Ho , Kim Dong Hyun
Published: October 2023

Purpose

RCI001, a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases, have demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various ocular experimental models. This study was to evaluate the effects of RCI001 on intraocular pressure (IOP) and compare them with those of corticosteroids in experimental mouse models.

Methods

Experimental mice were randomly divided into naïve, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.1% dexamethasone (DEX-1), and 1% RCI001 (RCI) groups, and each reagent was pipetted into the right eye of the mouse at 10 μL thrice daily for 5 weeks. In addition, 20 μL of 0.1% dexamethasone was injected subconjunctivally into the right eye once weekly for 5 weeks in the DEX-2 group. The IOP was measured under anesthesia at baseline and twice weekly for 5 weeks. The △IOP (%) was defined as the change in IOP from baseline [△IOP (%) = (IOPweek5–IOPbaseline)/IOPbaseline × 100%]. The anterior segments were clinically and histologically examined.

Results

There was no significant increase in IOP and △IOP (%) [values by week 3 (day 21) in any of the groups]. However, IOP and △IOP (%) in the DEX-2 group tended to increase slightly after day 10 compared with baseline. Compared with baseline IOP values, the DEX-1 group showed a statistically significant increase in IOP at weeks 4 and 5, and the DEX-2 group at week 5. The △IOP (%) of the DEX-1 and DEX-2 groups (%) at week 5 were 38.2% ± 5.8% and 38.4 ± 4.6%, respectively. However, the IOP in the RCI group did not increase significantly until week 5. The RCI group did not show notable corneal changes, such as epithelial defects or stromal opacities, at week 5. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of corneas in the RCI group revealed healthy corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial integrity.

Conclusion

Long-term use of RCI001 did not induce significant IOP elevation or ocular surface changes, whereas topical corticosteroids significantly increased the IOP. Therefore, RCI001 may be an effective anti-inflammatory agent with a low risk of drug-induced IOP elevation.
Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Sharma Vikas , Kaur Gurpreet , Lata Charu , Dasila Hemant , Perveen Kahkashan , Khan Faheema , Gupta Vijay K. , Khanam Mehrun Nisha
Published: October 2023

The escalation of harmful pollutants, including heavy metals, due to industrialization and urbanization has become a global concern. To mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development, growth regulators have been employed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to zinc stress in the presence of brassinosteroids, focusing on seedling growth and antioxidant potential. Mung bean seedlings were treated with three concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 PPM) with or without zinc. Results demonstrated that the application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%), speed of germination (about 39.13, 50, and 100%), seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein content decreased, while lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control. However, the negative effects induced by heavy metal stress on these parameters were significantly mitigated by EBL application. Notably, the most effective concentration of EBL in overcoming zinc stress was found to be 0.4 PPM. These findings underscore the potential of exogenously applied brassinosteroids as a valuable tool in phytoremediation projects by ameliorating heavy metal stress.
Biological control of Magnaporthe oryzae using natively isolated Bacillus subtilis G5 from Oryza officinalis roots
Authors: Lei Ling-Yun , Xiong Zi-Xuan , Li Jin-Lu , Yang De-Zheng , Li Liu , Chen Ling , Zhong Qiao-Fang , Yin Fu-You , Li Rong-Xin , Cheng Zai-Quan , Xiao Su-Qin
Published: October 2023

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a major threat to global rice production causing significant crop losses and impacting grain quality. The annual loss of rice production due to this disease ranges from 10% to 30%. The use of biologically controlled strains, instead of chemical pesticides, to control plant diseases has become a research hotspot. In this study, an antagonistic endophytic bacterial strain was isolated from the roots of Oryza officinalis using the traditional isolation and culture methods. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S RNA and whole-genome sequencing identified isolate G5 as a strain of Bacillus subtilis. This isolate displayed strong antagonistic effects against different physiological strains of M. oryzae. After co-culture in LB medium for 7 days, the inhibition rates of the mycelial growth of four strains of M. oryzae, ZB15, WH97, Guy11, and T-39800E were 98.07 ± 0.0034%, 98.59 ± 0.0051%, 99.16 ± 0.0012%, and 98.69 ± 0.0065%, respectively. Isolate G5 significantly inhibited the formation of conidia of M. oryzae, with an inhibition rate of 97% at an OD600 of 2. Isolate G5 was able to provide 66.81% protection against rice blast under potted conditions. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the genome size of isolate G5 was 4,065,878 bp, including 4,182 coding genes. Using the anti-SMASH software, 14 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters were predicted to encode antifungal substances, such as fengycin, surfactin, and bacilysin. The G5 isolate also contained genes related to plant growth promotion. These findings provide a theoretical basis for expounding the biocontrol mechanisms of this strain and suggest further development of biogenic agents that could effectively inhibit rice blast pathogen growth and reduce crop damage, while being environmentally friendly, conducive to ecological development, and a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. This study also enriches the relevant research on endophytes of wild rice, which proves that wild rice is a valuable microbial resource bank.