bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Методология управления бизнес-субъектами рынка туристских услуг в условиях активизации конкурентного процесса
Authors: Песоцкая Елена Владимировна , Селютина Лариса Григорьевна
Published: November 2021

Характерной чертой современного туристского рынка является активизация конкурентного процесса. Научные разработки в области управления конкурентоспособностью организаций, выводящих на рынок туристские продукты и услуги, не в полной мере отражают методологические положения современной управленческой парадигмы, концентрирующейся на развитии и эффективном использовании межсубъектных взаимодействий и бизнес-контактов. В связи с этим цель исследования – сформулировать методологические положения, обеспечивающие разработку эффективных управленческих решений в организациях туристского бизнеса, функционирующих в конкурентно-активной среде туристского рынка, с учетом возможностей для их взаимодействия, включения в сетевые образования и использования фактора корпоративной идентичности. В статье раскрыты научно-теоретические и методологические основы конкурентного поведения и обеспечения конкурентоспособности бизнес-субъектов туристского рынка и управления ею с ориентацией управленческого процесса на использование инструментов межсубъектных взаимодействий, ведущих к формированию предпринимательских сетей. Выполнен анализ принципов и методических приемов, рекомендуемых к внедрению в управление туристскими сетями, сфокусированный на конкурентную проблематику. Сформирован комплекс методических положений, использование которых способно обеспечить установление, поддержание и развитие корпоративной идентичности туристских сетей и разработку решений, реализующих на практике ее методологию. Значимость полученных результатов заключается в трансформации теоретико-методолгического базиса управления вовлеченными в интенсивную конкуренцию бизнес-субъектами рынка туристских услуг в соответствии с положениями концепции взаимодействия, сетевой теории и теории конкуренции, а также методологией корпоративной идентификации.
A Demographic Study of male infertility and Analysis of semen parameters
Authors: Sulochana Sonti , Madhumithra K. S. Jaya
Published: November 2021

Infertility and problems of impaired fecundity have been a concern through ages and is also a significant clinical problem today, which affects 8–12% of couples worldwide. Of all infertility cases, approximately 40–50% is due to "male factor" infertility and as many as 2% of all men will exhibit suboptimal sperm parameters. It may be one or a combination of low sperm concentration, poor sperm motility, or abnormal morphology. Aim and objective: Demographic study of male infertility and assessment of abnormalities in semen parameters. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 702 males who came to test for infertility to Saveetha Medical College and hospital to evaluate the parameters of semen and male infertility causes. Methods and Material: The participants were divided into two categories and one group was evaluated through a questionnaire for occupation, personal habits, exposure, family history, and the other category was evaluated on lab findings of various parameters to check the yearly variation in parameters of semen. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics. Results: On the evaluation of parameters of semen in combination with a questionnaire to 44 patients, it shows that alcoholics and smokers have low semen volume, increase in liquefaction time and increase in viscosity is most commonly seen in youngsters like students and IT professional. Conclusion: In our study low semen volume, delayed liquefaction time and increase in viscosity is most commonly seen in youngsters like students and IT professional with a history of alcohol and smoking and stress
Determination of Free Radical Scavenging Potential in Cucumis melo (L).
Fruit Extract
Authors: R Vidya , K Kalaivani
Published: November 2021

The human body has an elaborate antioxidant defence system. Antioxidants are manufactured within the body and may even be extracted from the food like fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, meats and oil. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a rich source of antioxidant vitamins such as A, C and E, that prevent cellular damage associated with many diseases. This present investigation was designed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Cucumis melo fruit. The in vitro free radical scavenging effect of the Cucumis melo (L) fruit extract was assessed by using 1,1 – diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), ABTS (2, 2’-Azinobis (3-ethyl Benz Thiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid) hydroxyl radical, reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The scavenging activity of the fruit extract was tested at different concentrations. C.melo fruit extract showed concentration dependant free radical scavenging activity. Ethanol extract of Cucumis melo fruit (EECMF) exhibited maximum scavenging activity against DPPH (64.46%), ABTS (70.52%) hydroxyl radical (62.57%), and nitric oxide (61.18%) in comparison with standard antioxidants. The reducing power of ethanol extract of C.melo fruit was found to be 0.11 at 0.2mg/ml and increased to 0.49 at 1mg/ml. These results clearly indicate that ethanolic extract of C.melo fruit has great potential of free radical scavenging activity and it may be used as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants for pharmacology of functional foods.
Standardization and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Barleria buxifolia Linn and Barleria cuspidata Heyne Ex Nees
Authors: R. Manohar , S. Raja
Published: November 2021

Standardization of herbal drugs is a significant for staying away from of adulteration and in recognizable proof of unadulterated herbal drugs. World Health Organization determined explicit rules for the assessment of the wellbeing, adequacy and caliber of herbal drugs. The current examination was attempted to the standardization of entire plant of Barleria buxifolia Linn and Barleria cuspidata Heyne Ex Nees and to assess the fundamental phytochemical investigation. Both the plants are shrub once in a while circulated in waste lands, helpless soil and along streets. In this investigation the dried entire plant of Barleria buxifolia and Barleria cuspidata were assessed for organoleptic characters, physicochemical boundaries of pH, loss on drying, ash values and fundamental phytochemical examination for distinguishing of chemical constituents. The information acquired by the current examination shows all the qualities with in the determination of WHO and all these may be accommodating in distinguishing of this therapeutic plant and may likewise supportive in forestalling its debasement.
Development and Validation of new RP-HPLC Method for simultaneous Estimation of Methylcobalamin, Epalrestat and Pregabalin in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Ponnekanti Krishnaphanisri , K. Sunitha , S. Ganapaty
Published: November 2021

A new rapid, accurate, precise and economical reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Methylcobalamin, Epalrestat and Pregabalin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was accomplished utilizing Agilent C18, 150 x 4.6mm, 5 column at a detection wavelength of 210nm utilizing the mobile phase water and acetonitrile 60: 40 v/v at the flow rate of 0.8ml/min and injection volume of 10µl. The total run time was 6.0 min. Validation discovered the method was specific, rapid, accurate, precise, reliable and reproducible. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.37 – 2.25μg/ml of Methylcobalamin, 37.5-225μg/ml of Epalrestat and 37.5-225μg/ml of Pregabalin respectively with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy was determined by recovery studies and was found to be 99.5-100%. The precision of the results stated that the %RSD was <2%. The limits of detection for Methylcobalamin, Epalrestat and Pregabalin were 0.2, 0.9 and 1.2μg/ml, while the limits of quantification were 0.5, 1.5 and 0.9μg/ml respectively. Forced degradation study was carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions to prove the stability-indicating ability of the developed HPLC method. The high recovery confirms the suitability of developed method and can be further used in routine analysis.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazolyl - Acridine Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Prasad D. N , Agnihotri Supriya
Published: November 2021

Acridine and Triazols both are biologically active heterocyclic rings with cytotoxic potential. Triazolyl- acridine adduct attract the attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. Here we synthesized a series of triazolyl- acridine compounds by the appropriate procedures. Structure of all synthesized compounds was confirmed by the various spectroscopic methods e.g. FT-IR, proton NMR and Mass spectrograms. All synthesized triazolyl-acirdines compounds were assayed in-vitro for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) cells by MTT- assay. All target compounds shows increasing activity in dose dependent manner. However MPSP-9 was sensitive against MCF-7 but compound MPSP-1 was most sensitive with minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) against MCF-7 and HT-29 both cell lines.
Bioactivity of Fortified Honey with lycopene extracted from tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Ahmed Sundus Hameed
Published: November 2021

Objective: to find a modern technology to produce honey fortified naturally with lycopene extracted from tomatoes and to examine the bioactivity of the novel product. Materials and methods: Lycopene was extracted from tomatoes, tomatoes peels and tomatoes juice, the presence of lycopene and its concentrations was detected using UV-vis., the extracted lycopene was added to natural honey in different concentrations, the presence of lycopene in naturally fortified honey produced using HPLC technology was detected and active ingredients were detected using GC-MASS technology. Results: the tomatoes peels gave the highest concentration of lycopene compared to other parts, it gave a value of 0.52 relay factor (Rf) in addition to the appearance of a peak at a retention time (Rt) of 11.3 minutes corresponding to the standard lycopene top retention time, when performing a spectrophotometry between (300-600nm), pure lycopene gave three peaks at 440,460, 503nm wavelengths, and the retention coefficient (COD) is 0.98, 1.00, and 0.96 respectively. The effectiveness of enzymes (SOD) and (GPX) when treating with CCl4, it was found that the effectiveness of the two enzymes increased when using honey and lycopene in its various forms, as shown in results, a number of raw lycopene components appear in fortified honey such as; Ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory, sedative and substance, 1-Tetrazol-2-ylethanone, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-epileptic, anti-viral, antihypertensive, anti-malarial drug, anti- anxiety, depression, antihistamine, and 4H-Pyran-4 -one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl which is an anti- cancer substance. Conclusion: the new honey fortified with lycopene shows a high activity against microbes, and also can be applied as anti-depression, anti-allergic and more.
Development and Evaluation of Trans Buccal Patches based on Natural and Synthetic Polymers Loaded with Rivastigmine using Solvent Casting Technique
Authors: Kumar Mohapatra Prasanta , Kumar Boddu Pavan , Singh Patel Pankaj , Chandra Verma Harish , Sahoo Satyajit
Published: November 2021

Mucoadhesive buccal films of rivastigmine were prepared by the solvent casting technique using HPMC K15M, sodium alginate, glycerine, and Eudragit RL100. Arranged films assessed for weight variation, thickness, % drug substance, % moisture loss, % moisture take-up, folding endurance, in-vitro medicament release, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The films showed a controlled release (CR) over 8 h. The preparation observed to be a worthy candidate for the development of buccal patches for therapeutic purposes. Drug-polymer compatibility considers FTIR demonstrated no contradiction between the medicament and the polymers. The optimized formulation found F7 indicated drug release 85% at the end of 8 h. Thinking about the correlation coefficient (R2) values got from the kinetic equations, the drug release from the formulations F1-F8 has discovered zero-order release mechanism. It can be concluded that oral buccal patches of rivastigmine, for treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, can be formulated. The study suggests that rivastigmine can be conveniently administered orally in the form of buccal patches, with the lesser occurrence of its side effects and improved bioavailability.
Chemical Datasets, Antioxidant, Free Radicals Scavenger activities estimate in Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) extract
Authors: Jasim Fatimah A. , Al-Hilu Hameed Salman
Published: November 2021

Garlic is one of many medicinal plants that used over thousands of years due to its organosulfur compounds. Materials and methods: commercial garlic was used for the extraction, phytochemicals detections and Gas Chromatography-Mass (GC- Mass) analysis utilized to determine the main compounds in the aqueous extract. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in the garlic extract using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH for detecting the concentration that takes half of the free radicals. The phytochemical tests revealed several compounds in the extract, included alkaloid, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoid and phenol while saponin compound was not detected. GC-Mass spotted 15 different compounds included allyl trisulfide with the concentration (1.89%) followed by ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate (22.24%), 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (11.44), and 6-Octadecenoic acid, (Z) (40, 28). Total Antioxidant Activity of garlic aqueous extract reached 60 mg/ml compared to that of ascorbic acid. IC50 examination observed that the aqueous extract of garlic had 308.57µg/ml value.
Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Leaves
Authors: Saptarini Nyi Mekar , Deswati Dytha Andri
Published: November 2021

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is used as an analgesic and antipyretic by the Indonesian people, empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic and antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of sapan wood leaves in Webster mice as experimental animals. The writhing method was used to determine the analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced mice with mefenamic acid as a positive control. The temperature reduction method was used to determine the antipyretic activity in yeast-induced mice with paracetamol as a positive control. One-way ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis, followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Phytochemical screening showed that sappan wood contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. The optimum dose of analgesic and antipyretic activity was 6.3 mg and 8.4 mg/20 g BW of mice, respectively. The conclusion was ethanolic extract of sappan wood leaves has analgesic and antipyretic activities.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Root Canal Irrigant Made from Coconut and Bromelain Extract against Biofilm Forming Pathogens–
An In vitro Evaluation
Authors: Jose Jerry , Palanivelu Ajitha
Published: November 2021

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite is shown to be a gold standard intracanal irrigant which has shown to have adequate antimicrobial properties and tissue dissolving properties. The toxicity of these irrigants are seen to be high towards various cells. Natural irrigants provide an alternative to show adequate antimicrobial activity and lesser cytotoxicity potential. The current study proposes a novel intracanal irrigant made from coconut and bromelain extract. Material and Methods: 10grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in deionized water followed by which 60ml of coconut oil was added to the warm water bath (40C). The final product was left to dry and crushed manually to powder. This powder was then taken in measured quantity to make a final product containing 20% of coconut and 4% of bromelain. The obtained irrigant was then evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method. Results: For the natural irrigant, the maximum zone of inhibition was seen highest at 22mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 25mm against Candida Albicans. For 3% sodium hypochlorite when compared against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 33mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 35mm against Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The study shows that the novel irrigant derived from coconut and bromelain extract has a good antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. It can be concluded that it has a potential application as a root canal irrigant for root canal disinfection.
Pharmacological properties and Medicinal applications of Halleria lucida L. (Family Stilbaceae)
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: November 2021

Halleria lucida is a shrub or small tree widely used as traditional medicine in southern Africa. This study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of H. lucida. Literature on medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of H. lucida was collected from multiple internet sources such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, BMC, Science Direct and Scopus. Complementary information was collected from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports and journal articles obtained from the University library. This study revealed that H. lucida is used as an ornamental plant, protective charm, and traditional medicine for blood pressure, earache, evil eye, scabies and skin complaints. Ethnopharmacological research identified cyclohexadienone, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanols, flavonols, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols and proanthocyanidins from the leaves and stems of H. lucida. The leaf, root and stem extracts of H. lucida and the compounds luteolin-5-O-β- D-glucoside and verbascoside isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, phytotoxic and mutagenicity activities. Since H. lucida extracts are widely used as traditional medicines, there is need for extensive phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations of the extracts and compounds isolated from the species.
Novel Validated Method for the Estimation of Capecitabine in Pharmaceutical Dosage forms by First Order Derivative Spectrophotometry
Authors: Karajgi S. R , M Somashekhar , Chincholi Pooja , Deginal. Laxmi S. , Bhouramma Mhetre , Mirji Prabhavati , Kulkarni R.V
Published: November 2021

An easy, fast, precise and cost effective First derivative UV estimation method has been investigated for the estimation of Capecitabine in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. The novel method was developed using Shimadzu Spectronic 1800 model UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The region on the UV-spectrum between 240nm to 400nm in distilled water as the solvent was found to be suitable for the first derivative peak measurement of Capecitabine with a Linearity range throughout the concentrations of 40 microgram/ml to 80 microgram/ml. The method was successfully employed for the routine estimation on tablet dosage forms. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. No interference from additives was observed.
Wound Healing, Anti-pancreatic Cancer, and α-amylase Inhibitory Potentials of the Edible Mushroom, Metacordyceps neogunnii
Authors: ALKolaibe Abdu Ghalib , Elkhateeb Waill A. , Elnahas Marwa O. , M. El-Manawaty , CY Deng , Wen Ting-Chi , Daba Ghoson M.
Published: November 2021

Metacordyceps neogunnii is an edible mushroom that has been previously known as Cordyceps gunnii. Recently, it has been proven that Metacordyceps neogunnii differs from similar species by having longer asci and wider ascospores and is phylogenetically distinct to related species. Few studies are available to describe bioactivities exerted by Metacordyceps neogunnii extracts which is insufficient to evaluate the potency of this mushroom. Therefore, the current work was conducted to evaluate the in vitro α-Amylase inhibitory ability, wound healing, and anti-human pancreatic cancer activities of Metacordyceps neogunnii 80% methanolic extract. M. neogunnii extract showed no effect on human cancer pancreatic cell line (Paca2). However, the same extract exhibited slight wound healing effect. On the other hand, M. neogunnii extract exhibited good α-amylase inhibitory activity that reached 69.3±0.78%, and IC50 of 32.38±4.0.
Association of Clinical and Hematological variables with the disease severity in Indian Sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Bhaskar L.V.K.S. , Pattnaik Smaranika
Published: November 2021

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common genetic disorder that is caused due to mutation of the β globin gene. Although SCA is a monogenic disorder, the clinical presentation varies greatly among patients. The present study was designed to be a cross sectional study, aimed at analysing the SCA severity and its association with different clinical, biochemical and hematological variables in SCA patients of Indian origin. About 190 random homozygous SCA patients confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis were used in the study. Routine biochemical laboratory (liver function test and Renal function test) and hematologic tests (Total hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and MCH) were done. Values pertaining to complete blood count (CBC), Hb-HPLC and clinical investigations were collected from patient’s records. The mean age of patients with severe disease was significantly lesser than the moderate and mild disease patients. The body mass index (BMI) was also significantly lower in severe disease patients compared to the moderate and mild disease. The patients with severe disease had low levels of red blood cells, total hemoglobin (tHb) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) compared to the other groups. There is no significant difference in the kidney and liver function among various degrees of disease severity. In summary, this study demonstrates that the tHb and HbF and total leucocyte count (TLC) are major prognostic factors for several clinical complications in SCA. Baseline measurement of these important variables is paramount in predicting important aspects of clinical course and improves the quality lives of these children.
Mast Cell Stabilizing, Antianaphylactic and Bronchodilatory activity of Methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola Fruit
Authors: Babu Sajja Ravindra , Konduri Prasad , Kumar Kilari Eswar
Published: November 2021

This work was mainly aimed to study the mast cell stabilizing, anti-anaphylactic and bronchodilatory activities of methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola (ACME). Mast cell stabilization activity was investigated by Compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation in rats and antianaphylactic activity was performed by determining the mortality rate of mice upon exposure to compound 48/80. The bronchodilatory effect of ACME was studied on histamine aerosol-induced bronchospasm using guinea pigs, in which occurrence of preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) was noted as end point. Treatment with ACME (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.05) protection of rat peritoneal mast cells and significantly (p<0.05) reduced the mortality of mice in a dose dependent manner. ACME significantly (p<0.05) increased the time of preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) in a dose dependent manner that suggestive of bronchodilating activity. Phytochemical studies observed presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. From these finding, we concluded that ACME possesses mast cell stabilizing; anti anaphylactic and bronchodilatory activity which might be used in treatment of asthma.
Study the Effect of Maternal Factors on Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Effect of Treatment Types on Serum Blood Glucose
Authors: Hasan Abbas Shaymaa , Khdair Sura Abbas
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical problems occurred during pregnancy. GDM increase the chance for developing type 2 diabetes meletus by seven times. The overall prevalence of GDM in pregnancy is 1-14% according to the American Diabetes Association. Material and Methods: a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The information was collected from pregnant women with gestational DM to assess some maternal risk factors and compare blood glucose level according to different treatment types for GDM. Results: The present study reported that (40.38%) of GDM patients have advanced age (≥35 yrs.). First pregnancy was a risk factors for GDM and it was reported by (9.62%). History of HT and GDM during prior pregnancies were reported by (11.54%) and (% 34.62) respectively. Hypertension or preeclampsia in the current pregnancy was reported by (3.85%). Positive family history of diabetes was associated with (26.92%) GDM patients. All Patients of the present study reported no previous PCOS and smoking history. Also in this study, 44 patients out of 52 GDM patients use medications to control the glucose intolerance, while other patients control it by diet. There were no statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose control. Conclusion: Age, history of GDM in the previous pregnancies and family history of diabetes mellitus were identifiable as a risk factors for GDM and their effect were significant in this study while the effect of other risk factors were non-significant. No statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose level control and no group achieved the glycemic target.
Synthesis of S-glycosides analogues containing Thiouracil unite and Evaluated as antibacterial and Antifungal active
Authors: Hussein Taghreed S. , Ahamad Mohammed R.
Published: November 2021

Preparation of new S-glycosides including thiouracil derivatives as heterobase. The main step of this work is the formation of thiouracil derivatives [1-3] by the condensation reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate, aromatic aldehydes and thiourea to form target compounds [1-3], after protection of the hydroxyl groups in sugar (D-fructose, L- sorbose, and D-galactose), react with hydrobromic acid 45% in glacial acetic acid give different Bromo sugars [a-c], which coupled with prepares thiouracil derivatives [1-3] and propylthiouracil [4] in the presence of K2CO3 to afford the corresponding product S-glycoside analogs [1-4a, 1-4b, 1-4c]. deprotection of the S-glycoside analogs in acid and base medium, led to the free S-glycoside derivatives [1-4d,1-4e,1-4f]. The obtained compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal actives.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Lidocaine Hydrochloride loaded Cubosomes
Authors: Thoutreddy Rajani , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Rao GSN Koteswara , Reddy Alavala Rajasekhar , Guntupalli Chakravarthi , Mudigonda Alekhya
Published: November 2021

Topical delivery of local anaesthetic drugs such as Lidocaine HCl using carriers and novel nanotechnology can enhance effective drug permeation through the skin into deeper layers and exhibit desirable duration of action. The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate Lidocaine HCl loaded cubosomes (LHLCs) for sustained therapeutic topical action. Cubosomes emanated as favourable means for the delivery of the drug. LHLCs were prepared by top-down technique using lipid and polymer. Eight formulations of LHLCs were prepared using different concentrations of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and Poloxamer 407 (P-407). Local anaesthetics create loss of sensation in particular region of the body by inhibiting impulse generation and propagation. Lidocaine HCl is most commonly used amino amide local anaesthetic. It is used as local, topical, intravenous, epidural, peripheral and spinal anaesthesia. The prepared cubosomal dispersions were evaluated to determine surface morphology, particle size, poly dispersibility index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment ability, tissue distribution studies, and in vitro drug release studies. Scanning Electron Microscopic analysis confirmed that drug was encapsulated in bicontinuous structure. The maximum entrapment efficiency was found to be 89.85±1.1% with vesicle size as 228±2.1nm, charge as -5.68±2.7, PDI as 0.295 and 98.83%± 0.12 in vitro drug release at the end of 12 hr for F7 formulation, which was confirmed as optimized cubosomal dispersion.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives
Authors: P M Jayalakshmi , Jasmin TS Sheeba , Jose Manu
Published: November 2021

1,3,4-Thiadiazole is an important heterocyclic moiety, forms an integral core structural component of different categories of drugs such as antimicrobial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, antiviral, antineoplastics, and analgesic agents. It is a key moiety in current discovery and designing of new drugs. The compounds were synthesised by both conventional method and microwave method. The targeted derivatives can be synthesised in a shorter time under microwave condition than under conventional reaction condition. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR Spectroscopy. Antibacterial property of two synthesised analogs were evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of antibacterial activity showed that both the compounds were active against Staphylococcus aureus and inactive against Escherichia coli. Results of invitro studies showed that modifications in SB-2-PHB and SB-8-PHB will make it as a promising lead molecule for further research.
Design and In-Vivo Evaluation of Risperidone Buccal Mucoadhesive Patches of Interpolymer Matrix
Authors: HK Pradeep , B Girish , K Nooruddeen , J Thimmasetty , BS Venkateswarlu
Published: November 2021

The buccal cavity is an alternate route for the administration of the drug. This route gained acceptance as increase in bioavailability is observed due to bypass of first pass metabolism. Solvent casting method was employed for the preparation of the risperidone mucoadhesive patches using different combinations of water soluble and water insoluble polymers using polyvinyl alcohol as a backing layer. Our main objective of this study was to understand the behaviour of water soluble and water insoluble polymers in combination on release pattern. Six different formulations of mucoadhesive patches were evaluated for physicochemical parameters like weight uniformity, content uniformity, thickness uniformity, surface pH, swelling studies, tensile strength, folding endurance, in-vitro drug release, and in-vivo drug absorption. Drug loaded mucoadhesive patches of various polymer bases had shown 35.64 to 72.33% drug release in 30 min in phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.6. In-vitro release data from patches were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain release profiles. Kinetic models like Hixon-Crowell and Higuchi models were used. The formulation containing HPMC (15Cps) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone was considered as optimized based on the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties. In-vivo studies in rabbits, carried out with prior permission from IAEC, showed 80.40% of drug release from the optimized patches. In-vivo and in-vitro correlations were found to be good. The drug absorption was found significant from the optimized formulation in healthy rabbits. The structure of the buccal membrane and permeability factors are similar in both human beings and rabbits. Therefore mucoadhesive patches of risperidone may be accepted with the important advantage of reduced risperidone dose.
Spectrophotometric Determination of p-aminobenzoic acid via
Diazotization and Coupling reaction
Authors: Al-Saffar Rana S. , Zakaria Safaa A. , Othman Nabeel S.
Published: November 2021

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method to assay p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been suggested. The method based on the diazotization of PABA via reaction with nitrite ions which liberated in the medium through the reaction of sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid, then coupling the dizotised-PABA(D-PABA)with 1-naphthylamine -7-sulphonic acid (1-NASA) to form an intense colored pink azo dye ,it is water-soluble , very stable and has a maximum absorbance at 525 nm. The absorbance was increase with the increasing of PABA amounts in the solution, and the linearity from 2.5 to70 µg in 10 ml (0.25to7 µg.ml-1).The molar absorptivity and Sandell ҆s sensitivity values have been calculated they equal to 3.6057x104 L.mol-1 cm -1 and 0.0037993 µg. cm-2 respectively. The two values above demonstrated a good sensitivity of the suggested method. The method has been used in estimated PABA resulted from analysis of folic acid in tablet.
Assessment of Electrochemical Activity of some Amino acids on the Modified Carbon Electrode Surface
Authors: Kadam Zeina. M.
Published: November 2021

The present work analyzed the electrochemical activity of certain amino acids on the modified carbon electrode as-prepared, such as glycine, threonine and aspartic acid. The electrochemical methods used to investigate surface electrode behavior through amino acid molecules at a fixed concentration and temperature of 298.15 K in the perchloric acid electrolyte solution. The findings showed that the surface electrode was ideal for the analysis of glycine, threonine, and aspartic acid molecules. Aspartic acid showed electrochemical activity by voltage and polarization resistance to 0.533 mV and 9.557 ohms, respectively. In addition, the FE-SEM images showed the thin film layer on the surface electrode from the amino acid molecules in different shapes and dense aggregations, more with aspartic acid under optimum experimental conditions.
Dosimetric applications of CdSiO3 nanoparticles prepared via Solution Combustion Technique
Authors: Soppin Kamala , H.R. Venkatesha , B. M. Manohara
Published: November 2021

Pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a solution combustion technique. The powders were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Field Emission scanning electron microscopy and Ultra Violet-visible spectroscopy. The powder X-ray diffraction peaks of as-formed sample are broad and amorphous in nature; therefore it is further calcined at 800 oC for 2 h and its powder X-ray diffraction results shows that the sample had a good crystallization with Single phase. Debye- Scherer’s formula and Williamson–Hall plots are used to calculate the average crystallite size and found to 32-43 nm. The Scanning electron microscope and Transition electron microscope results reveal that the pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles were porous and agglomerated with irregular nanopowder. The absorption peaks for pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles were found to about 256 nm as observed in Ultra Violet-Visible spectra. The structural defects present in the material band gap (Eg) value were 5.6 eV. A well resolved thermoluminescence glow peaks in the range of (110-160) oC are observed in UV-irradiated pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles. Glow peak at 160 ºC was seen and Thermoluminescece intensity increases linearly with Ultra Violet dose in the samples. The kinetic parameters were determined by Halperin – Braner, Luschik and Chen’s methods. De-convolution of pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles exposed to Ultra Violet dose (UV dose: 30 min) was used for the estimation of kinetic parameters. Hence in pure CdSiO3 nanoparticles presence of deep traps recommends that the prepared sample may be used as a radiation dosimeter.
Assessment of Calendula officinal growing in Iraq
Authors: Ali Noor , Al-Ani Widad M K , Al-Jobouri Ibrahim S.
Published: November 2021

Evaluation of Iraqi medicinal plants is very crucial to help people avoid the use of herbs without prior knowledge which results in many side effects and sometimes even leads to death. The plant constituents vary according to season, weather and type of soil, therefore it is necessary to evaluate the chemical constituents and determine the time of collection of medicinal plants. In this research evaluation of the medicinal plant Calendula officinal grown in Iraq was performed by measuring the quantity of hyperoside found in the plant together with macroscopical and microscopical evaluation of the plant.
Awareness among Saudi Arabian parents of the relationship between Monosodium Glutamate intake and increasing Body Weight
Authors: Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alzarea Abdulaziz I. , Alruwaili Nabeel K. , panda Dibya sundar , Abdulwahab Mohamed A. , Gamal Mohammed , Mohemed M. El Sanea , Mostafa Ehab M. , Rowezak Mohamed M.
Published: November 2021

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is an amino acid which is widely used and approved as a flavor enhancer for a broad range of food. Glutamate receptor can be stimulated excessively to cause diabetes and cancer. MSG is associated with metabolic syndrome in humans. The main purpose of this study is to find a possible correlation between monosodium glutamate and signs of overweight among young children in Saudi Arabia. An electronic cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants consisted of 572 Saudi parents of children aged between 6-18 years. Data analysis was done using t-test and chi-square test. Overweight children population was found to be relatively small in Saudi Arabia compared to other gulf countries such as United Arab Emirates (UAE) (40%). There is a statistically significant relationship between average weight and a preference for fast food at home. It is strongly recommended to reduce the amount of MSG taken in fast foods and snacks and some types of sweets for the prevention from associated chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and others. Moreover, increasing public awareness about obesity and its main causes by putting posters in public places. Announcing detailed information on the causes of obesity in local magazines. Doing the study in other age/gender categories like women and elderly.
Língua(gem) e justiça social: saberes, práticas e paradigmas
Authors:   IFBA, Souza Neto Mauricio J.
Published: November 2021

Este primeiro volume da coletânea Lingua(gem) e justiça social é uma manifestação do axé temperado, cozido e enrolado em nove folhas de mamona da Editora Diálogos. Um axé que aqui é oferecido em nove alguidares, ainda fumegantes e em ebulição; um axé que é oferecido em nove textos. O axé é a força vital que todos os seres possuem. O axé é a força que nos conecta ao mundo e nele nos mantém presentes. Os nove textos que compõem esta coletânea formam um axé discursivo, político e pedagógico, nos convidando a uma agenda dialógica e interventiva no que tange o uso da língua como transe permanente para ver, ser e estar no mundo. Por isso, todos os textos apresentados, após macerarem as violências impostas pela vida na modernidade, firmam o adoxu e urgem nove cortes para a sacralização da língua e seu uso como ensinamento de esteira e de entrincheiramento, ou seja, o seu uso como justiça social.
المكونات الفكرية الدعوية للداعية
Authors: علي مصطفى د.إبراهيم
Published: November 2021

Abstract:

     The study aimed to show the definition of the concept of Da’wa  and the characteristics of propagator and his tools.The study was divided into introduction, chapters and themes. The researcher used the historical method and descriptive method in this study.The study has a great importance as the society is in need for amendments and reformers who shoulder the responsibility of  leading the society in its conduct and behavior and show its defects and how to amend them. So, reformers and propagators should be provided with the right tools for propagation, and the sound example   that would be followed.

     Finally the research was concluded with the results and some  recommendations.
لا إِيثَارَ فِي القُرُبَاتِ "دراسة نظرية تطبيقية
Authors: أحمد البشير أحمد د. خالد
Published: November 2021

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   This research which is titled: There is no preference in acts of worship” talks about altruism which is identifier as  preference of others on oneself .It has two kinds: Forbidden Altruism which is in worships. The second one is desired altruism, it means altruism in the whim, desires and requirements.

  The purpose  of this research is  to explain  that the forbidden altruism is disliked in SHARIA because the SHARIA is ordering the Muslim to hasten to the pleasure of his God and compete others in that, because in the acts of worship is the homage of God: but altruism others is generally a good altruism  and it is desired in SHARIA . That is good Altruism at generally and desired in SHARIA. This research   explains the difference of the two kinds of altruism and gives some examples. It also introduces some results that have been achieved.
آية السيف بين النسخ والإحكام (قراءة في تفسير الظلال للشهيد سيد قطب)
Authors: محمد سليمان أ.د حيدر
Published: November 2021

The research aims at showing abolition and perfection in Quran and introducing different opinions and the most famous sayings mentioned by savants about abolition and perfection of the verse - Sword verse-  to other verses and showing that Islamic Shari is the concluding Shari, and also to show the wisdom in abolition and perfection in the Holy Quran               The research used the historical and the descriptive method  The research concluded  with  some results and recommendations            Most  important results are:

1 The importance of history in forming an opinion of savants and propagators in affecting diligence concerning the stand of Muslims from others  

2 To notice the concept of abolition to precedents and successors, and the condition of abolition and “ Nisei” in deciding in matters between Muslims and others  

3  To notice the influence of historical effects on Martyr in method and ideology

   The most important recommendations are:

1 To reread the inheritance of interpreters from the actual history accompanying the political,economic, and social effects influencing their writing   

2 People must consider the situations surrounding writers and authors at any time and place
واقع الممارسات الإدارية للقادة التربويين في مديريات التربية والتعليم في السعودية
Authors: أحمد الزهراني د.عبد الله
Published: November 2021

هدف البحث إلى الكشف عن واقع الممارسات الإدارية للقادة التربويين في مديريات التربية والتعليم في المنطقة الغربية السعودية ودورها في تحسين الأداء المؤسسي من وجهة نظر المعلمين، حيث لا يخفى تأثير القادة على العاملين سلباً وإيجاباً وما لذلك الأثر من دور مهم على أداء العاملين.

وقد تكونت عينة البحث من العاملين الإداريين في مديريات التربية والتعليم في المنطقة الغربية (مكة المكرمة- الطائف- جدة)، وقد بلغ عددهم (165) عاملاً إدارياً. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث تم إعداد أداة لجمع البيانات تتكون من (28) فقرة، الأولى ركزت على قياس الممارسات الإدارية لدى القادة التربويين، والثانية ركزت على قياس دور تلك الممارسات في تحسين الأداء المؤسسي. وقد توصل البحث إلى النتائج التالية:

أن واقع الممارسات الإدارية جاء بدرجة مرتفعة في المجالات كافة والأداء ككل، ماعدا مجال "تقويم الأداء"، والذي جاء بدرجة ممارسة متوسطة.

إن دور الممارسات الإدارية في تحسين مستوى الأداء المؤسسي داخل الوحدات الإدارية جاء بدرجة مرتفعة في المجالات كافة والأداء ككل، حيث احتل مجال "الفاعلية والكفاءة المؤسسية" المرتبة الأولى.

توجد علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية بين الممارسات الإدارية وبين مستوى تحسن الأداء المؤسسي وذلك في كافة مجالات الدراسة والأداء ككل. وقد أوصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات كان من أهمها: عقد دورات تدريبية وورش عمل للعاملين (معرفية ومهارية) من أجل بناء قاعدة معرفية لهم حيال التعامل مع الأعمال الإدارية المختلفة، لتطوير كفاياتهم الإدارية ولتعريفهم بالأساليب الجديدة في مجال الممارسات الإدارية، مواكبة التطورات الحديثة في مجال الممارسات الإدارية وخصوصاً في مجال تقويم الأداء للعاملين. العلمي في العمل، أن يقوم القادة التربويون بزيادة الاهتمام بالعاملين وأن يولوهم عناية خاصة ويتعرفون على حاجاتهم ورغباتهم لتحقيق الممكن منها وإشباعها وأن توضح لهم الأهداف والرؤي التي تسعى لتحقيقها وأن تعمل على إشراكهم في تحديدها ووضعها.
فاعلية استخدام موازنة البرامج والمحاسبة عن الأداء في التخطيط والرقابة على أموال الزكاة بالتطبيق علي ديوان الزكاة ولاية شمال كردفان - السودان 2009-2011م
Authors: محمد آدم د.الصادق , عيسى محمد د.موسى
Published: November 2021

تناولت الدراسة موازنة البرامج والمحاسبة عن الأداء ومدى فاعلية تطبيقها في ديوان الزكاة ، ولاية شمال كردفان ، لتحقيق عمليتي التخطيط والرقابة على الأداء. تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في السؤال الرئيس وهو هل يمكًن استخدام موازنة البرامج والأداء في التخطيط والرقابة على أموال الزكاة ؟ اختبرت الدراسة الفرضيات التالية:أساليب إعداد موازنة الزكاة وفق الطريقة التقليدية لا تمكن من التخطيط والرقابة للنشاط الزكوي بفاعلية  ،موازنة البرامج والمحاسبة عن الأداء توفر معلومات ملائمة للتخطيط والرقابة للنشاط الزكوي، توجد صعوبات لتطبيق موازنة البرامج والمحاسبة عن الأداء بديوان الزكاة شمال كردفان.وزع الباحثان 35 إستبانة على عينة عمديه من مجتمع الدراسة وجمعت جميع استمارات الاستبيان، استبعدت ثلاث استمارات غير صالحة للتحليل وخضع الباقي للتحليل باستخدام برنامج الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية   Statistical Package Of Social Science(SPSS)    بنسبة 91% من إجمالي الاستمارات المستردة. نتائج الدراسة: تعتمد الموازنة بديوان الزكاة علي الرقابة الإجرائية ولا تعتمد على معدلات لقياس الأداء قبل بدء النشاط ،لا تقسم الأهداف الرئيسية لموازنة ديوان الزكاة لأهداف فرعية.من توصيات الدراسة: ضرورة وضع معدلات لقياس الأداء بديوان الزكاة قبل البدء في تنفيذ الأنشطة الزكوية  جباية وصرفاً ؛ ضرورة تبصير وتدريب العاملين بديوان الزكاة بأهمية موازنة البرامج والمحاسبة عن الأداء
مدى توافق الإفصاح في البنوك اليمنية مع المعيار المحاسبي الدولي (30) (دراسة ميدانية)
Authors: محمد مقبل النظاري د. محمد علي
Published: November 2021

تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة الإفصاح المحاسبي للبيانات المالية في التقارير المالية للبنوك اليمنية. وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في إبراز دور وأهمية الإفصاح المحاسبي للبيانات المالية في البنوك اليمنية الأمر الذي يكسب البيانات المالية مزيداً من الثقة والشفافية، ويجعلها قادرة على المنافسة ومواكبة التطورات الاقتصادية وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، وتم تحليل (62) استبانة في البنوك اليمنية بمحافظة عدن. وأهم نتيجة توصلت إليها  الدراسة هي وجود اهتمام في البنوك اليمنية بالإفصاح للقوائم المالية وفقاً للمعيار المحاسبي الدولي (30) والإفصاح في البيانات المالية للبنوك والمؤسسات المالية المماثلة ولكنها لا تطبق بإلزام قانوني ولكن وفقاً لاجتهادات المحاسبين. وقدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات من شأنها أن تكسب المؤسسات اليمنية موثوقية أكبر.
الصحافة الفنية بالسودان
Authors: محمد عثمان أكول د.عبد العظيم
Published: November 2021

Now specialized press in different fields plays a significant role in the spreading of culture. Arts have become a trusty ambassador between countries expressing its poem, theater, music, drama, and caricature… etc.

            So this paper comes to lay out the definition of specialized press and its usefulness. How could we benefit from it and its prospects.

            To tackle the matter we head towards different orbits. To start with, a clear definition is set up, foundation and evolution of specialized press, then the present situation of the press is fully analyzed depending on dealing with arts in Sudanese press during the period Jan. 201-2013.
ALGEBRA AND STRUCTURES OF SPINORS FIBER BUNDLES
Authors: Abdallah Adam , Eltaeeb Yousif
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the mathematics of spinor bundles and their classification.  We devote the methods of principal fiber bundles allows through a coherent treatment of Pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and spinor structures with Clifford algebras which couple to Dirac operator to study important applications in cohomology theory.