bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DTMS: A Dual Trust-based Multi-level Sybil Attack Detection Approach in WSNs
Authors: KHAN Tayyab , Singh Karan
Published: March 2023

Sensor network has been proven a promising technology for discerning data as well as details about the physical world. The sensor nodes are organized and positioned in an inaccessible and hostile environment and are consequently susceptible to various security attacks. Among the multiple attacks possible in any WSN, the Sybil attack is the most severe kind of attack. Detection of a Sybil node is a complex as well as challenging problem since it illegitimately uses multiple fraudulent identities to misguide and collapse the network. The paper proposes a dual trust-based multi-level Sybil (DTMS) attack detection approach in WSNs. The work engages a multi-level detection system grounded on verification of the node’s identity and location. Later, at each level, CM, CH, and BS, the trust value is calculated. For a satisfactory level of trust value, communication trust is calculated together with data trust. The trust function of DTMS involves dynamic reward and penalty coefficient to ensure severity. Besides, data aggregation is employed, which contributes to lesser communication overhead and energy consumption. The performance evaluation of DTMS is measured in terms of severity of trust function, true detection rate, false detection rate, residual energy, network lifetime, and packet loss ratio. The simulation results validate that DTMS can efficaciously detect Sybil nodes. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can detect [[EQUATION]] of Sybil nodes in the malicious environment. Additionally, the DTMS is compared with recent existing schemes in terms of various parameters (True Detection Rate, False Detection Rate, energy consumption, packet loss rate, number of alive nodes, etc.) which show that the DTMS performs desirably.
Revisiting the Synthesis of Graphene Oxide: A New Insight into Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Gupta Ravi Kumar , Yadav Manishkumar D
Published: March 2023

Graphene oxide has become one of the most researched materials due to its extraordinary properties and promising applications. In literature, various top-down methods for synthesis of graphene oxide have been discussed which include mechanical, thermal and chemical exfoliation of graphite powder. However, kinetics study related to the synthesis of graphene oxide is reported scarcely. In the present work, graphene oxide was synthesized using Improved Hummer’s method to understand the kinetics of the formation of graphene oxide. Graphite particle size, stirring speed, concentrations of oxidants & intercalating agents and temperature were the parameters of focus in the present study. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 28.88 kJ mol− 1. In the characterization part various analytical techniques transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, thermogravimetry and BET analysis have been carried out to study the characteristic features of graphene oxide.
Modern-style plate tectonics preserved in the Paleoproterozoic paired metamorphic belts driven by cold deep subduction
Authors: Yin Changqing , Xia Yanfei , Cawood Peter , Zhao Guochun , Xiao Wenjiao , Lin Shoufa , Qian Jiahui , Zhang Jian , Gao Peng , Wu Shangjing
Published: March 2023

When modern-style plate tectonics commenced on Earth remains one of fundamental questions in unravelling the evolution of our planet, due to the apparent lack of low-thermal gradients in old metamorphic rocks (< 350 °C/GPa)—a key indicator of modern plate subduction—during the Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic Era. Here we present 2.0 Gyr lawsonite eclogites and associated eclogite-facies garnet-kyanite-chloritoid schists with low-thermal gradients of 265-290°C/GPa from the Kongling Complex in South China through integrated thermodynamic modelling and zircon in situ U-Pb dating. More importantly, a temporally equivalent mafic granulites with high-thermal gradients of ~720 °C/GPa has been also recognized spatially adjacent to those low dT/dP eclogite-facies rocks, integrated as a classic paired metamorphic belt. The results show a new discovery of Paleoproterozoic classic paired metamorphic belts driven by cold deep subduction in South China, indicating that the modern-style plate tectonics was already operative on Earth by the Palaeoproterozoic.
Dopamine D2 receptors in the extended amygdala scale the optimization of seeking and avoidance behaviors
Authors: Valjent Emmanuel , Castell Laia , Gall Valentine Le , Cutando Laura , Petit Chloé , Puighermanal Emma , Kim Ha-Rang , Jercog Daniel , Tarot Pauline , Tassou Adrien , Harrus Anna-Gabrielle , Rubinstein Marcelo , Nouvian Regis , Rivat Cyril , Besnard Antoine , Trifilieff Pierre , Gangarossa Giuseppe , Janak Patricia , Herry Cyril
Published: March 2023

In mammals, the ability to optimize and select behavioral strategies is a cardinal and conserved psychophysiological feature for maximizing the chances of survival. However, the neural circuits and underlying mechanisms regulating this flexible feature remain yet unsolved. Here, we demonstrate that such optimization relies on dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) within a subcircuit spanning across the extended amygdala (EA) and the tail of the striatum (TS). Using a mouse model carrying a temporally controlled deletion of D2R within a subcircuit defined by WFS1 neurons, we found that intact EA D2R signaling is necessary to regulate homeostasis-dependent food-seeking behaviors in both male and female mice as well as active avoidance learning and innate escape responses in males. Altogether, these findings identify EA and TS D2R signaling as a novel hub through which dopamine optimizes appetitive behaviors and regulates the switch from passive to active defensive behaviors, regardless of learned or innate threats.
Providing a sustainable green model for large sports venues
Authors: Salimi Mehdi , Dadgar Hamid , Taghavy Arezoo
Published: March 2023

The rapid development of industrialization and expansion of urbanization, energy crisis, ecological destruction, environmental environment, and such issues have always been an environment for the survival and growth of human life. In recent years, the sport has been proposed as an engine of sustainable development, recognized as one of the most critical capabilities of sustainable development to promote environmental protection. The current research aimed to provide a sustainable green model for large sports venues. The method of conducting this qualitative and the Statistical research population included specialists in the research field. The statistical sample was selected by the snowball method, and their number reached 15 people. The tool and method of data collection was an individual semi-structured interview. For data analysis, Glaser's grounded theory approach was used, including two main steps actual and theoretical coding. 465 primary codes, 72 categories, and 10 main concepts were identified during the actual coding process. Among the most essential extracted concepts, we can mention cultural factors, structural stability, national and ethnic identity, green management, recycling, transportation, and traffic. In the theoretical coding stage, the final model of the research was drawn, focusing on presenting a sustainable green model of large sports venues. The development and presentation of the sustainable green model of sports venues have increased awareness in designing and building large stadiums and led to the construction of structures following the sustainability of the environment.
Chaotic behavior and exact traveling wave solutions for the fractional stochastic Bogoyavlenskii equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Han Tianyong , Zhang Kun , Tang Chao
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the conformal fractional derivative and the Stratonovich integral are used to investigate the fractional stochastic Bogoyavlenskii equation with multiplicative noise. Using the dynamic system method, the chaotic behavior, sensitivity, and precise traveling wave solutions are provided. This study presents a complete investigation of the periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic, and sensitive behavior using perturbations analysis, phase trajectory analysis, time series, and Poinca\'{r}e section. A number of novel traveling wave solutions are developed, including Jacobian elliptic functions, exponential and hyperbolic functions. The effect of multiplicative noise and fractional derivatives on the solution is then examined using a comparative analysis technique. The results show that the fractional derivative and random noise have a considerable impact on how the model behaves. The methods and results in this paper are useful and can be applied to studies of even more complicated phenomena.
Relationship of life-satisfaction and self-efficacy with prognostic markers in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kondo Kaoru , Nagai Kojiro , Shima Hisato , Yokota Narushi , Minagawa Naoto , Koezuka Yasuhiko , Ichien Go , Doi Toshio , Minakuchi Jun
Published: March 2023

Background
A questionnaire related to patients’ physical condition is required to assess their quality of life and improve their self-management skills.
Methods
It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study that aimed to assess the life-satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaires verified in Japan, which were related to physical parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 196 outpatients receiving hemodialysis at four dialysis centers were included in the study. Responses to life-satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaires were collected. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were obtained, including life circumstances, in addition to nutritional indices such as normalized protein catabolic rate, creatinine generation rate, and geriatric nutritional risk index.
Results
Life-satisfaction scores were related to prognostic physical parameters, such as normalized protein catabolic rate and creatinine generation rate. Female sex, non-diabetic status, and working patients were more satisfied with their lives undergoing hemodialysis. Elderly patients had higher self-efficacy scores, which were related to their life-satisfaction. However, the self-efficacy scores were not associated with physical parameters.
Conclusions
This life-satisfaction questionnaire is simple and related to the patient’s condition.
Major urinary protein 1 acts as a critical molecule in empathy regulation
Authors: Zhao Ming-Gao , Zhang Kun , Song Da , Feng Ban , Qi Jinyu , Gui Jia , Ma Shan , Yang Qi , Yang Le , Cui Long , Chen Yan , Wang Min , Wang Xin , Liu An , Wu Yu-Mei , Liu Shui
Published: March 2023

Emotional contagion is believed to be the evolutionary basis of empathy. Recently, empathy was also confirmed to exist in rodents. However, the underlying mechanism of empathy remains elusive. Using a social defeat model, we found that depressive emotion can be transmitted between cagemates in mice through odor cues. Odors from defeated mice containing information about danger induced social avoidance, producing a force opposite from social orientation in naïve mice. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) chooses between flight or approach after evaluating these two forces. mPFC activation is stronger in high-empathy (or high-social orientation) mice than in low-empathy (or low-social orientation) mice. Major urinary protein 1 (MUP1), reported as a pheromone, contributes to stronger mPFC activation in higher-empathy mice. MUP1 increases mPFC neuronal excitability by binding with neuronal syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) and astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (GLT1). Human progestagen–associated endometrial protein (hPAEP), an MUP1 homologous analog in humans, is decreased in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and reduced hPAEP level in plasma correlates with behavioral abnormity in ASD children. Existing studies have identified MUP1 as a critical molecule in empathy regulation and a potential target for treating disorders characterized by empathy disabilities, such as ASD.
High levels of chromosomal synteny in 250 million year old groups of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta:Odonata)
Authors: Tolman Ethan , Beatty Christopher , Bush Jonas , Kohli Manpreet , Frandsen Paul , Gosnell J. , Ware Jessica
Published: March 2023

Using recently published chromosome-length genome assemblies of damselfly species Ischnura elegans and Platycnemis pennipes and dragonfly species Pantala flavescens and Tanypteryx hageni, we demonstrate that the autosomes of Odonata show a high level of conservation, despite 250 million years of separation. In the four genomes discussed here, our results show that all autosomes have a clear homolog to the ancestral karyotype. Despite clear synteny, we demonstrate that different factors, including concentration of repeat dynamics, GC content, and the relative proportion of coding sequence all influence the amount of synteny across chromosomes, and that the influence of these factors differ among species. Micro- and sex chromosomes in Odonata do not share the same level of synteny as autosomes. Of the four species sampled, the genome of the Black Petaltail, which diverged from its sister species 70 million years ago, is a clear outlier, showing similarities to other long-lived lineages.
Optimized Pixel Level Image Fusion for Lung Cancer Detection Over Mri and Pet Image
Authors: Nair Lekshmi v , Jerome S. Albert
Published: March 2023

Lung cancer is an abnormal development of cells that are uncontrollably proliferating. When using a system for medical diagnostics, the precise identification of lung cancer is crucial. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are the most common methods for diagnoses. Due to the limited sensitivity of the border pixels in PET and MRI imaging, finding lung cancer might be difficult. As a result, image fusion was created, which successfully combines several modalities to identify the disease and cure it. But merging images from multiple modalities has always been troublesome in medicine because the final image includes distorted spectral information. The ideal pixel-level image fusion approach to merge lung cancer images obtained from several modalities is provided in this research to circumvent the issue. Pre-processing, multi-modality image fusion, feature extraction, and classification are the four phases of the suggested methodology. Images from the PET and MRI scanners are initially gathered and prepared. The best pixel-level fusion method is then used to merge the PET and MRI images. Here, the adaptive tee seed optimization (ATSO) method is used to ideally choose the fusion parameter contained in the approach to improve the fusion model. The texture characteristics are taken from the fused image after the image fusion procedure. The deep extreme learning machine (DELM) classifier will then identify animage as normal or abnormal using the retrieved characteristics.Utilizing a variety of criteria, the effectiveness of the suggested methodology is assessed and compared to previous state-of-art studies.
The blood pressure targets in survivors of cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Xie Ying , Geng Yu , Gao Tong , Li Siyuan , Bi Lei , Wang Yintang , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2023

Background
The patients with return of spontaneous circulation post cardiac arrest have a mortality rate of up to 30-50%. Hemodynamic support is a key component of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) management and is essential to ensure survival. The meta-analysis was performed to investigate the optimizing blood pressure targets in survivors of OHCA.
Methods
Studies were searched in electronic databases from January 1, 2015 to January 13, 2023. Results were pooled using random effects model and fixed effects model and are presented as odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The primary outcome was all-cause death and the secondary outcome were severe bleeding, arrhythmia, renal replacement therapy, cerebral performance category (CPC) score≥3, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score≥4 and the level of serum norepinephrine, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), troponin T.This study was registered with INPLASY 2022120065.
Results
Four studies involving 1,327 participants were included. No significant differences of the risk of all-cause death were found between the low-target blood pressure and high-target blood pressure strategy (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.73–1.17], I²=0%, P=0.55). Meanwhile, the low-target blood pressure therapy had a higher proportion of mRS score≥4 (OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.20–0.94], I²=0%, P=0.03) ≥4 compared with the high-target blood pressure therapy. No significant between-group differences were identified among patients in the level of the serum NSE (SD 0.82 [95% CI -1.50–3.13], I²=28%, P=0.49), troponin T (SD 0.54 [95% CI -0.03–1.12], I²=0%, P=0.07), renal replacement therapy (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.71–1.69], I²=49%, P=0.69), severe bleeding(OR 1.18 [95% CI 0.85–1.65], I²=0%, P=0.33) and arrhythmia(OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.57–1.24], I²=0%, P=0.38).
Conclusions
The higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) is not associated with improved outcome when compared to conventional target, but may be associated with worse neurological outcome.
Automated evaluation of cardiac contractile dynamics and aging prediction using machine learning in a Drosophila model
Authors: Pant Aniket , Melkani Yash , Melkani Girish
Published: March 2023

The Drosophila model has proven tremendously powerful for understanding pathophysiological bases of several human disorders including aging and cardiovascular disease. Relevant high-speed imaging and high-throughput lab assays generate large volumes of high-resolution videos, necessitating next-generation methods for rapid analysis. We present a platform for deep learning-assisted segmentation applied to optical microscopy of Drosophila hearts and the first to quantify cardiac physiological parameters during aging. An experimental test dataset is used to validate a Drosophila aging model. We then use two novel methods to predict fly aging: deep-learning video classification and machine-learning classification via cardiac parameters. Both models suggest excellent performance, with an accuracy of 83.3% (AUC 0.90) and 77.1% (AUC 0.85), respectively. Furthermore, we report beat-level dynamics for predicting the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia. The presented approaches can expedite future cardiac assays for modeling human diseases in Drosophila and can be extended to numerous animal/human cardiac assays under multiple conditions.
Significance
· Current analysis of Drosophila cardiac recordings is capable of limited cardiac physiological parameters and are error-prone and time-consuming.
· We present the first deep-learning pipeline for high-fidelity automatic modeling of Drosophila contractile dynamics.
· We present methods for automatically calculating all relevant parameters for diagnosing cardiac performance in aging model.
· Using the machine and deep learning age-classification approach, we can predict aging hearts with an accuracy of 83.3% (AUC 0.90) and 77.1% (AUC 0.85), respectively.
Genome-resolved metagenomics of milk microbiomes reveals the influence of maternal dietary fiber on neonatal inheritance of immunoregulatory traits
Authors: Dennis Paul , Hoelzle Robert , Rashid Ridwan , Sikder Md Al Amin , Lyons Rebecca , Stark Terra , Phipps Simon
Published: March 2023

Breastfeeding facilitates vertical transmission of microbes from mothers to infants. Milk microbiome composition is strongly influenced by maternal diet, and this affects which taxa are likely to colonize the infant gut with consequences for host health and immune development. At present, it is unclear how diet influences the composition of the milk microbiome and why these microbes lead to different health outcomes for the infant. Here, we used metagenomics and metabolomics to link microbially-mediated immunoregulatory traits and metabolites to individual milk microbial taxa, and determine how the representation of these traits changes with maternal dietary fiber content. We assembled and annotated genomes accounting for 90% of the milk microbial communities from breastfeeding mice fed high or low-fiber chow. Diverse carbohydrate and fatty acid content in high-fiber milk was associated with diverse microbes harboring multiple glycoside hydrolases and high redundancy of immunoregulatory metabolite pathways. Low dietary fiber, by contrast, produced milk enriched in amino acids and a low-diversity peptide degrading microbiome with limited immunoregulatory traits. Our study indicates that complex milk carbohydrate availability drives assembly of a diverse milk microbiome, and by extension a diverse set of immunoregulatory functions inheritable by the breastfeeding infant. Collectively, our findings highlight how the mother’s diet influences the composition of the milk microbiome and the potential vertical transmission of immunoregulatory traits from mother to infant.
Polarization Reconfigurable Sequentially Rotated Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array
Authors: qasaymeh yazeed
Published: March 2023

In this article, a miniaturized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array is presented in which the polarization can be altered between right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) operating in the IEEE 802.11a band. To enable circular polarization (CP), a novel resonating element is proposed that consists of a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) coupled to a hexagonal slot (HS) and fed by a microstrip line. The proposed resonating element that is composed of a hexagonal slot (HS) coupling a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) produces two orthogonal degenerate modes, 𝑇𝐸𝑥𝛿32 and 𝑇𝐸𝑦1𝛿1, thus ensuring the existence of CP radiation. To achieve dual circular polarization (DCP) performance, a 2 x 2 sequential rotation (SR) array is prototyped that employs a single rat-race coupler and two branch-line couplers. Polarization agility is attained by utilizing four PIN diodes that are positioned between the rat-race outputs and quadrature coupler inputs and are operated in alternating pairs. Prior to simulation and fabrication, an equivalent impedance circuit of the array is postulated based on the array sub-elements to provide a primary resonance attitude of the array. The 76 x 51 mm2 (1.469𝜆0 ×0.986𝜆0) array has an impedance bandwidth of 12.12 % for both polarization states, in conjunction with a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) impedance bandwidth of 11.76 %. The gain variation realized throughout the resonance band ranges from 9.62 to 9.8 dBi. The results for the proposed array indicate that it is suitable for applications operating in the IEEE 802.11a band.
The interaction effects of homeschooling and pandemic-related worries on Chinese parents’ mental health: Are mothers different from fathers?
Authors: liu xiaohan , huang ning , fu mingqi , guo jing
Published: March 2023

Background: Many countries worldwide implemented school closures to reduce COVID-19 transmission. By the new ‘homeschooling’ process, children could continue the regular school curriculum from the software-based system, which could alleviate parents' concerns about their children's educational attainment. However, parents still conduct more basic education and supervision, which may increase parental stress.
Objective: This study aims to examine the interaction effect of homeschooling experience and pandemic-related worries on Chinese parents’ mental health. In addition, whether and how the relationship between homeschooling experience, pandemic-related worries and mental health could vary between women and men was examined.
Method: This study recruited 746 Chinese parents with 10-18-year-old children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed with multiple linear regression.
Results: We found a higher level of job-related worries was associated with worse parental mental health (β= 3.593，P<.001). Additionally, the learning process was significantly positively correlated with parental mental health (acceptance of parental homework support β=1.748, P=.003; children’s completion of the studying task β=1.337, P=.018). Job-related worries significantly moderated the relationship between homeschooling and parental mental health (β=2.215, P=.026), while virus-related and life-related worries did not. Regarding gender differences, the interaction effects of job-related worries on the relationship between homeschooling and parental psychological symptoms were only significant among mothers (β=2.579, P=.020).
Conclusion: Homeschooling is significantly associated with Chinese parents’ psychological symptoms. Parental worries are found to moderate the association between homeschooling and parental psychological symptoms. Moreover, job-related worries played a moderating role in the association between homeschooling and parental mental health. Thus, school intervention programs should also be implemented to help children adjust negative learning status in homeschooling.
5hmC immunohistochemistry: a predictor of TERT promoter mutational status in follicular thyroid carcinoma?
Authors: Hysek Martin , Hellgren Samuel , Condello Vincenzo , Larsson Catharina , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C. Christofer
Published: March 2023

Purpose
TERT promoter mutations and TERT gene expression correlate to adverse prognosis in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), identifying cases at risk of poor outcome. As loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) immunoreactivity has been associated with TERT promoter mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma, this study sought to analyze the levels of 5hmC in a well-characterized cohort of follicular thyroid tumors with available TERT data.
Methods
29 tumors (26 FTCs, 2 follicular thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMPs), and one oncocytic thyroid carcinoma) with known TERT promoter mutational status and TERT gene expression levels were assessed for 5hmC immunoreactivity using two monoclonal antibodies (clones RM236 and 4D9.) Slides were analyzed using a semiquantitative scoring system.
Results
Of the 10 tumor cases with a TERT promoter mutation and TERT expression, only one was scored as negative with both antibodies (1/10; 10%), while the remaining 9 cases (9/10; 90%) exhibited various degrees of positivity for at least one antibody. Of the 19 TERT wild-type tumors, no case (0/19; 0%) was scored as negative using the RM236 clone, and two cases (2/19; 11%) using the 4D9 clone. The differences between TERT promoter mutated and wildtype groups were non-significant (Fisher’s Exact test P = 0.35 and 0.59 respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for 5hmC IHC to detect mutated cases were 10% and 100% for RM236 and 20% and 89% for 4D9 respectively.
Conclusion
5hmC IHC is not a highly sensitive marker for the detection of TERT promoter mutations in follicular thyroid tumors. Further analyses in larger cohorts are warranted.
Function of Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in the Brain in a Rat Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model
Authors: WANG GUOJUN , zhao li , li zhen , zhu fangxing , ning bo , YUN HUANGHUA , hu quan , zhang shizhong
Published: March 2023

Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7), a member belonging to the minichromosome maintenance protein family, takes part in the genome replication regulation in the cell cycle . Although MCM7 expression can be found in almost all tissues, its functions in the central nervous system are still far from full acquaintance. In this research, we utilized an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model in adult rats. Sprague dawley (SD) rats were separated into sham groups and SAH groups on 12 h, day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7 randomly. In SAH groups, 0.3ml atoublood was injected into the prechiasmatic cistern. MCM7 expression is gauged by western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and immunofluorescence. The results manifested that the expression of MCM7 went up after SAH, and reached highest level on the third day,going with the up-regulation of Ki67/re-caspase-3 , which displayed highly positive correlation between them. Double staining manifested that the immune response of MCM7 went up mainly in neurons and astrocytes after SAH. Moreover, colocalization of MCM7/Ki-67, MCM7/re-caspase-3 were detected in NeuN, GFAP. In cultured primary astrocytes, knockdown of MCM7 using siRNAs significantly curbed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the results manifested that MCM7 may be in connection with cell proliferation and apoptosis after SAH.
The Nucleotide Transformer: Building and Evaluating Robust Foundation Models for Human Genomics
Authors: Lopez Marie , Dalla-Torre Hugo , Gonzalez Liam , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Carranza Nicolas Lopez , Grzywaczewski Adam , Oteri Francesco , Dallago Christian , Trop Evan , Sirelkhatim Hassan , Richard Guillaume , Skwark Marcin , Beguir Karim , Pierrot Thomas
Published: March 2023

Closing the gap between measurable genetic information and observable traits is a longstanding challenge in genomics. Yet, the prediction of molecular phenotypes from DNA sequences alone remains limited and inaccurate, often driven by the scarcity of annotated data and the inability to transfer learnings between prediction tasks. Here, we present an extensive study of foundation models pre-trained on DNA sequences, named the Nucleotide Transformer, integrating information from 3,202 diverse human genomes, as well as 850 genomes from a wide range of species, including model and non-model organisms. These transformer models yield transferable, context-specific representations of nucleotide sequences, which allow for accurate molecular phenotype prediction even in low-data settings. We show that the sequence representations alone match or outperform specialized methods on 12 of 18 prediction tasks, and up to 15 after fine-tuning. Despite no supervision, the transformer models learned to focus attention on key genomic elements, including those that regulate gene expression, such as enhancers. Lastly, we demonstrate that utilizing model representations can improve the prioritization of functional genetic variants. The training and application of foundational models in genomics explored in this study provide a widely applicable stepping stone to bridge the gap of accurate molecular phenotype prediction from DNA sequence.
Experimental Observation of a Moving Mirror
Authors: Lynch Morgan , Good Michael
Published: March 2023

In this manuscript, we examine the radiative beta decay of free neutrons measured by the RDK II collaboration. The infrared portion of the emitted photon spectrum is shown to corroborate a thermal distribution consistent with the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE). We find the system is thermalized at the local Fulling-Davies-Unruh temperature predicted by the DCE. Substantiated by an excellent chi-squared statistic, we present the evidence for the observation of thermal radiation emitted during the beta decay process in accordance with an accelerated moving mirror.
PACS numbers: 41.60.-m (Radiation by moving charges), 04.70.Dy (Quantum aspects of black holes)
Comparing Irt Properties of Different Likert Scale Lengths: a Case From Attitudinal Measurement on Physics Education Research
Authors: Santoso Purwoko Haryadi , Ismail Raoda , Suhariyono Suhariyono , Setiawati Farida Agus
Published: March 2023

Collapsing Likert scale length on attitudinal measurement toward learning and instruction can be an option by physics education researchers (PER) while interpreting categorical responses from participants. Psychometric evaluation of the different scale length, however, has inconclusive results to date. Item response theory (IRT) offers advanced information at the item level that has been approached in this simulation study to explore psychometric properties of five different Likert scale lengths. The total of 1000 artificial data were generated within five scale variations based on the underlying marginal distribution and inter item correlation matrix. Three parameters (item parameters, global fit indices, and test information functions (TIFs)) from Graded Response Model (GRM) were calculated to compare psychometric behaviors of the observed Likert scale length. Our findings demonstrated the discrimination indices among the five scale lengths remain constant. Global fit indices have no distinguishable information to differentiate the varying points. Based on item endorsement and TIFs, our simulation results confirmed previous works that more information will be raised by the greater number of Likert scale points. The implication intended by this study should provide a key recommendation for a case from attitudinal measurement on the PER community or even beyond the psychometric field.
Indigenous Autism in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bruno Grant , Chan Titus A , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Nicholas David , Coombs Emily
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Currently there is a severe lack of research on autism and Indigenous people in Canada. This scoping review explores explore this literature gap and assesses the same literature from an Indigenous perspective.
Methods: Scoping reviews are an effective means to explore the literature in a specific area, in this case, autism and Indigenous people in Canada. We explored existing literature as it pertains to Indigenous populations and autism in Canada. To support this review, the Indigenous Quality Assessment Tool (QAT) was adapted to appraise the quality of literature.
Results: In total, there were a total of 212 articles identified of which 24 met the inclusion criteria: (1) some focus on autism, (2) a component specific to Indigenous people, and (3) specific to Canada. Of the 24 articles and reports, 15 were peer-reviewed and the rest considered grey literature. Most articles focused on program delivery with some literature using primary data (quantitative and/or qualitative). Overall, the quality of the research was appraised as poor, as determined by the QAT.
Conclusion: Findings reaffirm the critical need for research that addresses autism in Indigenous communities within Canada and show the importance of having research done in full partnership with, or led by, Indigenous people.
Exploration of the optimal pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation target for critically ill AECOPD patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Xuequn , Guo Donghao , Luo Qiu
Published: March 2023

Background
Appropriate levels of blood oxygen are crucial for critically ill patients. However, the optimal oxygen saturation has not been confirmed for AECOPD patients during their ICU stays. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal oxygen saturation range target to reduce mortality for those individuals.
Methods
Data of 533 critically ill AECOPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure from the MIMIC-IV database were extracted. The association between median SpO2 value during ICU stay and 30days mortality was analyzed by LOWESS curve, and an optimal range of SpO2(92–96%) platform was observed. Comparisons between subgroups and linear analyses of the percentage of SpO2 in 92–96% and 30days or 180 days mortality were performed to support our view further.
Methods
Although patients with 92–96% SpO2 had a higher rate of invasive ventilator than those with 88–92%, there was no significant increase in the adjusted ICU stay duration, non-invasive ventilator duration, or invasive ventilator duration while leading to lower 30days and 180days mortality in the subgroup with 92–96%. In addition, the percentage of SpO2 in 92–96% was associated with decreased hospital mortality.
Conclusion
In conclusion, SpO2 within 92–96% could lead to lower mortality than 88–92% and > 96% for AECOPD patients during their ICU stay.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals key genes involved in oil accumulation and unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in Hibiseu manihot seeds
Authors: Yu Jie , Shi Hui-Min , Xu Hua-Xiang , Guo Xi , Lu Jun-Xing , Zhu Bo , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2023

Background
Hibiseu manihot of various tissues has a high application value, accumulating more than 65% of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds as well as high levels of oleic acid. Performing transcriptome analysis is beneficial to reveal the molecular mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis during the development of Hibiseu manihot seeds.
Results
Transcriptome analysis was performed using seeds of Hibiseu manihot at 5, 15 and 30 days after flowering. There were 3338 (1320down, 2018up), 6657 (3408down, 3249up), 3851 (2001down, 1850up) differentially expressed genes in 5 DAF vs 15 DAF, 5 DAF vs 30 DAF, 15 DAF vs 30 DAF. GO functional analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in three functional categories bioengineering, molecular function and cellular component. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in environmental information processes, genetic information processing, metabolism and other metabolic pathways. Nine genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and oleic acid metabolic pathways were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The analysis of fatty acid content in Hibiseu manihot seeds at different stages showed that oleic acid increased and then decreased with seed development, at the same time, linoleic acid decreased first and then increased. and stearic acid content was more stable. It was hypothesized that KASII, SAD, FATA, PDAT and FAD2 might be closely related to the high content of oleic acid in Hibiseu manihot seeds, which laid a molecular foundation for further study on the functions of KASII, SAD, FATA, PDAT and FAD2.
Conclusions
This study has important significance and reference value for regulating the lipid metabolism pathway of Hibiseu manihot and mining the key genes involved in the lipid synthesis and accumulation of Hibiseu manihot.
Semi-collapse of turbulent fountains in stratified media and the mechanisms to control their dynamics
Authors: Sarasua Luis G. , Caporale Daniel Freire , Barrere Nicasio , Marti Arturo C.
Published: March 2023

Turbulent fountains are widespread natural phenomena with numerous industrial applications. Extensive research has focused on the temporal evolution and maximum height of these fountains, as well as their dependence on Reynolds and Froude numbers. However, the minimum height of the surrounding ambient fluid, which is removed by the fountain due to the entrainment effect, has received little attention. In this study, we investigate the dependence of this minimum height on the characteristics of the fountain and demonstrate how to control it. Our findings present important implications for technological applications of turbulent fountains, particularly in contaminant withdrawal. We discuss the potential of our results to improve the efficiency of such applications.
Does health literacy influence health-related lifestyle behaviors among specialists of health management? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kinoshita Shunsuke , Hirooka Nobutaka , Kusano Takeru , Saito Kohei , Aoyagi Ryutaro
Published: March 2023

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as health-related lifestyle diseases, are the leading cause of mortality and societal and economic burdens. Poor lifestyle behaviors, which are modifiable to improve health, can cause diseases, including NCDs. Health literacy has been recognized as an important determinant of health, and studies have shown that higher health literacy is associated with better health outcomes and positive health-related behaviors. However, few studies have investigated the association between health literacy and health-related lifestyle behaviors to understand the mechanistic link between them. Thus, this study investigated the extent to which health literacy at different levels influences health-related lifestyle behaviors among Japanese health professionals, in line with national health promotion.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Japanese health management specialists (N = 1,920). Functional, critical, and communicative health literacy were measured. Lifestyle behaviors (exercise, diet and nutrition, sleep, rest, smoking, and alcohol intake), in line with the Japanese National Health Promotion Program, were assessed and calculated into a total cumulative score of health-related lifestyle behaviors. Moreover, we analyzed the associations between the three levels of health literacy and lifestyle behaviors using regression analyses by adjusting for socio-psycho-demographic factors.
Results: Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant association between the Japanese version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and total health-related lifestyle scores (standardized β = 0.160, p< 0.001, R = 0.369) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Similarly, the association between communicative and critical health literacy and the total health-related lifestyle scores was significant (standardized β = 0.122, p < 0.001, R = 0.355). The analysis indicated that individuals who had higher level of health literacy (critical and communicative) than functional health literacy (Japanese version of the Newest Vital Sign score) had higher health-related lifestyle behaviors.
Conclusions: A higher level of health literacy is associated with health-related lifestyle behaviors. Health literacy can be a target for interventions to achieve the national goal of lifestyle-related disease prevention and control.
A Novel Energy Optimization System for Renewable Demand using Heuristics, Distributed Systems and Machine Learning in a Smart City
Authors: geo beslin , Pandala Madhavi Latha , n meenakshi , V pandimurugan , jeganathan subash chandra bose
Published: March 2023

Transportation, environmental conditions, quality of human life within smart cities and system infrastructure have all needed practical and dependable smart solutions as urbanisation has accelerated in recent years. In addition, the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) provides access to a plethora of cutting-edge, all-encompassing apps for smart cities, all of which contribute significantly to lowering energy consumption and other negative environmental impacts. For smart cities to meet the challenge of using less energy, the authors of this research article suggest planning and implementing an integrated power and heat architecture that puts renewable energy infrastructure and energy-storage infrastructure at the top of the list. To address these issues, we describe a smart proposed NEOSRD architecture that uses a distributed smart area domain to optimise renewable demand energy in a smart city across a wide area network. The energy requirements of desalination procedures are negligible when compared to the total local energy consumption and transportation, a feat accomplished by the proposed NEOSRD system. Here, the computational model shows how the established system is a valuable response to our problems and a cost-effective strategy for creating the smarter structural elements that cut down on overall smart cities' energy costs.
Isolation of a pair of potent broadly neutralizing mAb binding to RBD and SD1 domains of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Stuart David , Liu Chang , Das Raksha , Dijokaite-Guraliuc Aiste , Zhou Daming , Duyvesteyn Helen , Mentzer Alexander , Supasa Piyasa , Selvaraj Muneeswaran , Ritter Thomas , Temperton Nigel , Klenerman Paul , Dunachie Susanna , Paterson Neil , Williams Mark , Hall David , Fry Elizabeth , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Ren Jingshan , Screaton Gavin
Published: March 2023

Commercially developed monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been effective in the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection1-3 but the rapid antigenic evolution of the Omicron sub-lineages has reduced their activity4-8 and they are no longer licensed for use in many countries. Here, we isolate spike binding monoclonal antibodies from vaccinees who suffered vaccine break-through infections with Omicron sublineages BA.4/5. We find that it is possible for antibodies targeting highly mutated regions to recover broad activity through allosteric effects (mAb BA.4/5-35) and characterise a pair of potent mAbs with extremely broad neutralization against current and historical SARS-CoV-2 variants. One, mAb BA.4/5-2, binds at the back of the left shoulder of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in an area which has resisted mutational change to date. The second, mAb BA.4/5-5, binds a conserved epitope in sub-domain 1 (SD1). The isolation of this pair of antibodies with non-overlapping epitopes shows that potent and extremely broadly neutralizing antibodies are still generated following infection and SD1 directed mAbs may increase the resilience of mAb therapeutics/prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2.
Efficient C(sp3)–H carbonylation of light and heavy hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide via HAT photocatalysis in flow
Authors: Noel Timothy , Raymenants Fabian , Masson Tom , Orduna Jesus San Jose
Published: March 2023

Despite their abundance in organic molecules, considerable limitations still exist in synthetic methods that target the direct C–H functionalization at sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. This is even more the case for light alkanes, which bear some of the strongest C–H bonds known in Nature, requiring extreme activation conditions that are not tolerant to most organic molecules. To bypass these issues, synthetic chemists rely on prefunctionalized alkyl halides or organometallic coupling partners. However, new synthetic methods that target regioselectively C–H bonds in a variety of different organic scaffolds would be of great added value, not only for the late-stage functionalization of biologically active molecules but also for the catalytic upgrading of cheap and abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks. Here, we describe a general, mild and scalable protocol which enables the direct C(sp3)–H carbonylation of saturated hydrocarbons, including natural products and light alkanes, using photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and gaseous carbon monoxide (CO). Flow technology was deemed crucial to enable high gas-liquid mass transfer rates and fast reaction kinetics, needed to outpace deleterious reaction pathways, but also to leverage a scalable and safe process.