bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible Early Generation of Physiological Helical Flow Could Benefit the Triflo Trileaflet Heart Valve Prosthesis Compared to Bileaflet Valves
Authors: Bruecker Ch. , Li Qianhui
Published: October 2020

Background - Physiological helical flow in the ascending aorta has been well documented in the last two decades, accompanied by discussions on possible physiological benefits of such axial swirl. Recent 4D-MRI studies on healthy volunteers have shown indication of early generation of helical flow, early in the systole and already close to the valve plane. Objectives - Firstly, the aim of the study is to investigate the hypothesis of premature swirl existence in the ventricular outflow tract leading to already helical flow in the valve plane, and second to investigate the possible impact of two different mechanical valves design on the preservation of this early helical flow and its subsequent hemodynamic consequences. Methods - We use a pulse duplicator with an aortic arch and High Speed Particle Image Velocimetry to document the flow evolution in the systolic cycle. The pulse-duplicator is modified with a swirl-generating insert to generate early helical flow in the valve plane. Special focus is laid on the interaction of such helical flow with different designs of mechanical prosthetic heart valves, comparing a classical bileaflet mechanical heart valve, the St Jude Medical Regent valve (SJM Regent BMHV) with the Triflo trileaflet mechanical heart valve T2B version (Triflo TMHV). Results – When the swirl-generator is inserted, a vortex is generated in the core flow demonstrating early helical flow in the valve plane, similar as observed in the recent 4-D-MRI study taken for comparison. For the Triflo trileaflet valve, the early helical flow is not obstructed in the central orifice, similar as in the case of the natural valve. Conservation of angular momentum leads to radial expansion of the core flow and flattening of the axial flow profile downstream in the arch. Furthermore, the early helical flow helps to overcome separation at the outer and inner curvature. In contrast, the two parallel leaflets for the bileaflet valve impose a flow straightener effect, annihilating the angular momentum with negative impact on kinetic energy of the flow. Conclusion - The results imply better hemodynamics for the Triflo trileaflet valve based on hydrodynamic arguments under the discussed hypothesis. In addition, it makes the Triflo valve a better candidate for replacements in patients with pathological generation of nonaxial velocity in ventricle outflow tract.
Assessment of Controlled Substance Distribution to U.S. Veterinary Teaching Institutions from 2006 to 2019
Authors: Piper Brian , McCall Kenneth , Kogan Lori , Hellyer Peter
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the changing pattern of distribution of Schedule II and III opioids, barbiturates, and stimulants to veterinary educational institutions in the United States. Design: Longitudinal study. Sample: Veterinary teaching institutions that use Schedule II and III drugs. Procedures: Distribution of controlled substances to veterinary teaching institutions was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for opioids (e.g. methadone, fentanyl, codeine), barbiturates (pentobarbital, butalbital), and stimulants (amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine) from 2006 - 2019. Opioids were converted to their morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for evaluation over time. Results: Controlled substance distribution to veterinary schools exhibited dynamic, and agent specific, changes. The total MME for eleven opioids peaked in 2013 and decreased by 17.3% in 2019. Methadone accounted for two-fifths (42.3%) and fentanyl over one-third (35.4%) of the total MME in 2019. Pentobarbital distribution was greatest by weight of all substances studied and peaked in 2011 at 69.4 kg. Stimulants underwent a pronounced decline and were very modest by 2014. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Opioids by total MME in veterinary teaching practice have undergone more modest changes than opioids used with humans. Hydrocodone, codeine and recently fentanyl use have declined while methadone increased. Stimulant distribution decreased to become negligible. Together, this pattern of findings warrant continued monitoring.
Hyperglycemia, Inflammatory Response and Infarct Size in Obstructive Acute Myocardial Infarction and MINOCA
Authors: Paolisso Pasquale , Foà Alberto , Bergamaschi Luca , Donati Francesco , Fabrizio Michele , Chiti Chiara , Angeli Francesco , Toniolo Sebastiano , Stefanizzi Andrea , Armillotta Matteo , Rucci Paola , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Casella Gianni , Marrozzini Cinzia , Galiè Nazzareno , Pizzi Carmine
Published: October 2020

Hyperglycemia has been associated with increased inflammatory indexes and larger infarct sizes in patients with obstructive acute myocardial infarction (obs-AMI). In contrast, no studies have explored these correlations in non-obstructive acute myocardial infarction (MINOCA). We investigated the relationship between hyperglycemia, inflammation and infarct size in a cohort of AMI patients that included MINOCA.

Patients with AMI undergoing coronary angiography between 2016 and 2020 were enrolled. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR). Myocardial infarct size was measured by peak high sensitivity troponin I (Hs-TnI) levels, left-ventricular-end-diastolic-volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

The final study population consisted of 2450 patients with obs-AMI and 239 with MINOCA. Hyperglycemia was more prevalent among obs-AMI cases. In all hyperglycemic patients - obs-AMI and MINOCA - NLR, NPR, and LPR were markedly altered. Hyperglycemic obs-AMI subjects exhibited a higher Hs-TnI, a larger LVEDV and a lower LVEF compared to normoglycemic ones. Conversely, MINOCA patients showed similar myocardial damage, irrespective of glycemia.

Our data confirm the association of hyperglycemic obs-AMI with elevated inflammatory markers and larger infarct sizes. MINOCA patients exhibited modest myocardial damage, regardless of admission glucose levels.
PERAN SENTRA BATIK KAUMAN DAN PESINDON UNTUK MENCAPAI KOTA PEKALONGAN SEBAGAI KOTA KREATIF KERAJINAN
Authors: Andriani Rifdahastuti , Astuti Winny , Putri Rufia Andisetyana
Published: October 2020

Kota Pekalongan merupakan kota kreatif pertama kategori kerajinan dan kesenian rakyat di Indonesia versi UNESCO yang ditetapkan pada tahun 2014. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari adanya sentra-sentra batik yang menjadi ikon dalam perkembangan industri batik di Kota Pekalongan termasuk di Sentra Batik Kauman dan Pesindon. Kedua sentra industri batik ini menjadi salah satu alternatif promosi batik dan rekreasi di Kota Pekalongan. Pelibatan aspek komunitas kreatif dan lingkungan kreatif berupa penyelenggaraan event mempengaruhi pemasukan dan kegiatan di Sentra Batik Kauman dan Pesindon sehingga mengalami perubahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan di Sentra Batik Kauman dan Pesindon sejak penetapan Kota Pekalongan sebagai kota kreatif kerajinan. Ada beberapa aspek yang dilihat perubahannya  yaitu: (1) pemeliharaan ekonomi kreatif, (2) komunitas kreatif, (3) lingkungan kreatif dan (4) penyelenggaraan event. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Teknik analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan pada empat aspek tersebut. Survei yang dilakukan untuk penelitian ini adalah survei primer yang terdiri dari kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi serta survei sekunder dalam bentuk data. Hasilnya adalah pada aspek pemeliharaan ekonomi kreatif mengalami perubahan yaitu dari sisi SDM yang berinovasi, penyerapan tenaga kerja, jumlah perusahaan dan teknologi. Pada aspek komunitas kreatif yang mengalami perubahan yaitu dari sisi organisasi masyarakat. Untuk aspek lingkungan kreatif, yang mengalami perubahan yaitu dari sisi sarana untuk pusat pelatihan dan toko kerajinan. Sedangkan pada aspek lingkungan kreatif di Sentra Batik Pesindon yang mengalami perubahan hanya pada sarana untuk pusat pelatihan. Selanjutnya pada aspek penyelenggaraan event yaitu dari sisi program penyelenggaraan event untuk promosi mengalami perubahan.
PENGARUH AKTIVITAS PASAR TERHADAP KARAKTER LALU LINTAS: STUDI KASUS AREA PASAR GEDE SURAKARTA
Authors: Abshar Muhammad Birawan Aulia , Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono , Nurhadi Kuswanto
Published: October 2020

Aktivitas pasar mempengaruhi kondisi lalu lintas di sekitarnya. Karakteristik lalu lintas pada ruas jalan dan lingkungan yang pada kasus penelitian ini adalah interaksi pengendara dari pelaku aktivitas Pasar Gede yang kemudian mempengaruhi kondisi lalu lintas. Suatu karakteristik lalu lintas dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas yang ada pada ruas jalan dan lingkungan tersebut. Dengan letak pasar yang berada di pusat kota, Pasar Gede menjadi pusat kegiatan bagi pelaku aktivitas yang memunculkan sirkulasi kendaraan antara pengunjung pasar dengan pengguna jalan. Adanya sebuah aktivitas pasar pada ruas jalan tentunya memiliki dampak terhadap karakteristik lalu lintas di sekitarnya. Aktivitas Pasar Gede diidentifikasi berdasarkan variabel yang telah dijadikan indikator yaitu pelaku aktivitas (orang) yang bersirkulasi masuk pasar serta hambatan samping. Sementara, karakteristik lalu lintas pada kawasan Pasar Gede diidentifikasi berdasarkan variabel yang telah dijadikan indikator yaitu kapasitas dan volume lalu lintas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deduktif serta teknik analisis regresi linier, kapasitas, derajat kejenuhan, dan deskriptif berdasarkan skoring. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui observasi. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan pengaruh terbesar antara volume pengunjung pasar dengan volume lalu lintas pada kawasan Pasar Gede berada pada Jl. Urip Sumoharjo. Sementara hasil skoring menunjukan bahwa pengaruh aktivitas Pasar Gede berdampak pada karakteristik lalu lintas sekitarnya yang menjadi fluktuatif seperti: arus lalu lintas stabil dengan derajat kejenuhan sebesar 0,55 di Jl. Kapten Mulyadi, arus lalu lintas mendekati tidak stabil dengan derajat kejenuhan jalan sebesar 0,73 di Jl. Utara Pasar, arus lalu lintas berhenti, dan macet (mencapai titik jenuh jalan) dengan derajat kejenuhan 1,09 di Jl. RE Martadinata.
KENAMPAKAN FISIK KOTA DAN DAERAH PERI URBAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Mataufani Nur'Aini Amalia , Rahayu Paramita , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan suatu kota dapat menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah sekitarnya terutama wilayah pinggirannya (peri urban). Kota Surakarta adalah salah satu kota yang mengalami perkembangan sangat pesat, akan tetapi perkembangan ini tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaan lahan yang ada, akibatnya kenampakan fisik kekotaan meluas pada wilayah peri urban. Kenampakan fisik ini akan membentuk pola morfologi tertentu. Morfologi dapat diartikan sebagai kenampakan fisik yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu penggunaan lahan, pola jaringan jalan, dan pola bangunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola morfologi Kota Surakarta dan wilayah peri urban dengan meninjau komponen morfologi yang ada di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan tiga tahap yaitu mengidentifikasi wilayah peri urban Kota Surakarta, mengidentifikasi komponen morfologi pada Kota Surakarta dan wilayah peri urban dan mengidentifikasi pola morfologi yang terbentuk. Wilayah peri urban diidentifikasi berdasarkan kriteria karakteristik wilayah peri urban, yang selanjutnya akan dilihat komponen morfologi di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa Kota Surakarta dan wilayah peri urban memiliki kesamaan pada dominasi penggunaan lahan dan pola jaringan jalan, tetapi terdapat perbedaan pada tekstur kawasan. Dominasi penggunaan lahan adalah berupa permukiman dan pola jaringan jalan adalah berupa pola grid. Tekstur kawasan yang teridentifikasi pada Kota Surakarta adalah homogen, sedangkan pada wilayah peri urban adalah heterogen. Hal ini disebabkan oleh masih tersedianya ruang terbuka hijau berupa sawah dan tegalan pada wilayah peri urban. Dari hasil analisis kondisi eksisting pada ketiga komponen, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola pada Kota Surakarta dan wilayah peri urban. Kota Surakarta memiliki pola bujur sangkar sedangkan wilayah peri urbannya cenderung pada pola pita.
Потенциальная возможность антисмысловой терапии COVID-19
Authors: Горячев Антон , Калантаров Сергей , Ткачев Виталий , Северова Анна , Горячева Анна
Published: October 2020

Приведены данные о потенциальной эффективности и перспективности лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, вызываемой вирусом SARS-CoV-2 с помощью антисмысловых олигонуклеотидов, действующих против РНК вируса. Показана низкая токсичность препаратов данной группы при исследовании на культуре клеток и способность к снижению вирусной нагрузки при высоких дозах по данным ПЦР в реальном времени.
Piriformis Pyomyositis Presenting as Migratory Hip to Knee Pain
Authors: Ou Yang Youheng , Lo Daryl Yin Keong , Ke Yuhe , Lee Dave Yee Han
Published: October 2020

Case:

The authors report a case of piriformis pyomyositis in a teenage female patient with fever and left hip pain. Her pain migrated to the knee with concurrent near resolution of hip pain. Imaging revealed an abscess in the left piriformis with pus tracking along the sciatic nerve sheath. This was complicated by internal iliac vein thrombosis and an embolus to the lung. Open drainage was performed, followed by outpatient intravenous cloxacillin and oral warfarin, with complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion:

Piriformis pyomyositis is a rare condition with varying presentations. The threshold for suspicion should be low even in healthy young individuals.
ORGANIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE BASED ON LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Altai State University, TATARINTSEV Vladimir , TATARINTSEV Leonid ,   Altai State Agricultural University, MATSYURA Alex ,   Altai State University, BONDAROVICH Andrei ,   Altai State University
Published: October 2020

The aim of the work was the landscape analysis of agricultural geographical landscapes in the Altai Territory and elaboration of measures aimed at the rational use of agricultural lands. Environmental and landscape (landscape) approach became the main method of scientific research used in the analysis of modern agricultural landscapes. The cartographic method, using GIS-technologies, made it possible to digitize the obtained materials. Synthesized maps of agro-ecological, natural and other zoning of territories are based on topographic, soil, geobotanical and other thematic maps made during land surveying during the field survey. Retrospective analysis, induction and deduction methods,analysis and synthesis, as well as the abstract-logic method were also used in the work. Our main result was the analysis of land use territory for agricultural enterprise in municipal district of Altai Krai. Exploration of lands indicates a pronounced plant-growing specialization of JSC “Pobeda” with a developed animal breeding direction. Limiting factors affecting the rational use of land are natural and climatic conditions, terrain,unsystematic anthropogenic activity and, as a result, the development of erosion processes. The degree of eroded and deflated arable land is more than 50%, hay and pasture lands are also very unstable. Landscapes have been typified, based on which eleven types of land have been identified and their geomorphological description has been carried out. The first five types of land can be used for agricultural production with limitations compensated by crop technology and erosion control measures, the sixth and seventh types require grassing and, in some cases,conservation, the eighth and ninth types can be partially used for pasture and area valorization; the remaining two are not suitable for agricultural use but should be potentially used for planting and forest management. As a result of the presented transformation of agricultural lands, the structure of cultivated areas has changed. The area of arable land decreased by 877 ha, and of pastures by 365 ha,while the area under hayfields, fallow lands, and forest lands increased by 295, 191, and 875 ha respectively. Low-productive lands were withdrawn from agriculture. We suggested that the sustainability of agricultural land use was mainly caused by the reduction of anthropogenic load and increase in ecological equilibrium of the territory.
REMOTE SENSING METHOD FOR LAND COVER CHANGE MONITORING USING LANDSAT MULTI-TEMPORAL DATA (Case study: Tuy Duc and Dak Rap Districts, Dak Nong Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam)
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, TRINH Hung , VU Tuyen ,   Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, TRAN Bien ,   Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, PHAM Trinh ,   Department of Science and Technology of Dak Lak Province, DAO Hoai ,   Le Quy Don Technical University
Published: October 2020

In this study, vegetation coverage changes over a 30-year period for the Tuy Duc and Dak R’lap districts,Dak Nong province (central highland of Vietnam) were assessed using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. 03 Landsat satellite images,including Landsat TM February 13, 1990, Landsat TM February 22, 2005 and Landsat 8 January, 15 2020 were used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), then assessed the changes in vegetation coverage density. The NDVI differencing method is also used as a change detection method and provides detailed information for monitoring changes in land cover in periods 1990 – 2005, 2005 – 2020 and 1990 – 2020. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the vegetation coverage declined sharply during 1990 – 2005 period,then the vegetation coverage has begun to recover in period 2005 – 2020. From the findings of this study, it can be easily concluded that the Tuy Duc and Dak R’lap areas has lost its valuable vegetation cover both qualitatively and quantitatively.
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF RIVER RUNOFF FORMATION IN THE CLIMATIC ZONES OF GORN PAMIR
Authors:   Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, NORMATOV Parviz , NORMATOV Inom ,   Tajik National University, ARMSTRONG Richard ,   Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, USA
Published: October 2020

The research object. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers belonging to the Southwestern and Central climatic zones of the Pamirs and are tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj River are considered. Long-term average values of temperature and precipitation as the main factors affecting the formation of river flows are determined for the period 1944–2016. The state of glaciation in the basins of the respective rivers is estimated. Goal. A comparative assessment of the influence of climatic features and mountain orography on the formation of river flows. Determination of the trend of changes in the climatic conditions of the Gunt and Vanch river basins at different periods of more than 70 years (1944–2016). Research methods. Generalization, systematization of meteorological and hydrological characteristics and determination of their change compared with the base period 1960–1990. Statistical processing of meteorological and hydrological data and establishing a trend of changes in climatic and hydrological characteristics using a differentiated method. Research results. It is shown that the nature of changes in hydrological characteristics, namely the flow of rivers in different climatic zones of the Pamir can differ significantly. On the example of two rivers (Gunt and Vanch) - tributaries of the transboundary Pyanj river, it is shown that the trend of change in the flow of the Gunt river differs from the Vanch river due to the state of glaciation of the river basin. To explain the results the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins and their possible impact on river hydrology were studied. Conclusion. The hydrological characteristics of the Gunt and Vanch rivers in the Pamirs taking into account the meteorological conditions of the respective river basins show that a key factor in improving the state of glaciation and reducing degradation processes, as well as achieving positive trends in the mass balance of glaciers is the presence of sufficient air mass in the glaciation zone. Naturally, this is the key to ensuring a sufficient amount of runoff.
ASSESSMENT OF MINING-GEOLOGICAL AND MINING TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF THE SEVERNY PIT WITH THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, KLYUEV Roman , BOSIKOV Igor ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), EGOROVA Elena ,   Astrakhan State Technical University, GAVRINA Oksana ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: October 2020

One of the most important indicators characterizing the operating conditions of the fields is the water cut. It negatively affects the way of mining and the possibility of effective use of modern mining technologies. The high water cut of the cover and ore-hosting rocks often serves as the main reason for a decrease in their stability and the manifestation of negative processes (quicksand properties of rocks, caving), as a result of which the safety of miners deteriorates and high-performance mining methods become inapplicable, which generally leads to a decrease in the technical and economic indicators of the open pit. Thus, the study of the regularities of the formation of water inflows in the “Severny” open pit, based on the use of factual material and the development of a sound forecasting methodology are relevant. Purpose of the study. Analyze and assess the mininggeological and mining-technical conditions of the open pit “Severny” using mathematical models. Research methodology. The work uses a modeling method to predict water inflow and calculate the drainage of a quarry field in difficult mining conditions. Devices simulating natural mining conditions were used: a device for electrohydrodynamic analogies (EGDA). Research results: An analogy has been drawn between the phenomenon of laminar steady-state filtration of water in rocks and the passage of current in an electrically conductive medium in the form of electrically conductive paper, less often in liquid electrolytes. The EGDA device was used to determine the water inflows into the quarry, taking into account the factors that complicate the calculations of groundwater filtration (for example, taking into account the movement of the walls of the quarry, the operation of drainage devices, the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, the movement of water in neighboring aquifers of different permeability), modeling of objects with a complex configuration boundary contours. Conclusion. The modeling method has been improved, which makes it possible to substantiate the use of a specific mining method under certain hydrogeological conditions and to select the optimal drainage scheme to increase the operational reliability of the open pit. The conducted research, observation, study of the existing dam showed the technical feasibility of further development of the deposit with minimization of financial costs. In order to ensure the safety of mining operations, it is envisaged to conduct constant and systemic mining and technical monitoring of mining operations and study the state of the water protection dam and pit walls.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE STABILITY OF THE SIDES OF COAL MINES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Authors:   Karaganda State Technical University, NARODKHAN Dashzhan , ISABEK Tuiak ,   Karaganda State Technical University, KHODJAEV Rustam ,   Scientific and Engineering Center “Geomark”, KHUANGAN Nurbol ,   Karaganda State Technical University
Published: October 2020

The open method of solid minerals winning occupies a significant place in the total opening of the mining complex deposits of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the energy band, a prominent role belongs to the Ekibastuz coal basin, where a number of large coal strip mine operates. The level of subsurface, equal parts of spoil bank of the external and internal stripping after a while lead to complex problems of ensuring the stability and safety of mining operations. The location of large external rock dumps on the bead surface has a negative effect on the stability of the latter. The purpose of the work was to establish the degree of the external rock dump influence located on the bead surface on the stability of adjacent rock mass of the coalmine depending on the distance of the dump to the upper edge of the side. There was numerical simulation of stress-strain state of adjacent rock mass under action of distributed load from rock dump carried out. It has been shown that studies of any point stability of the array from this type of load should be carried out on the basis of elasticity and the use of the finite element method theory implemented in packages of programs oriented specifically to scientific and engineering applications. There are the methodology and results of numerical modeling of quantitative assessments of various sections stability of the side loaded with an external rock dump with a height of 160m presented on the example of «Ekibastuz» coal mine. Based on a certain theory of rock strength and the criteria for their discontinuity, limit estimates of the critical distance of the external rock dump from the upper edge of the side were obtained, at which the latter may lose stability.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FORMATION SCHEMES OF A COMBINED ARTIFICIAL ARRAY FOR THE STORAGE-CHAMBER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
Authors:   Bashkir State University, ALLABERDIN Azamat , MAZHITOV Artur ,   G. I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, PYTALEV Ivan ,   G. I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, GAVRISHEV Sergej ,   G. I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to optimize technological solutions to reduce the cost of building a filling array, which remains one of the most pressing issues in the development of ore deposits by underground method. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive research method is used, which includes, first of all, a generalization and analysis of the practice of backfilling of enterprises, geotechnological design in relation to the storey-chamber development system and a feasibility study of optimization solutions at the level of expert assessment using the capabilities of engineering forecasting. Laying works with underground technology of mining of mineral deposits are the most costly, in connection with which research is carried out in order to develop ways to reduce the cost of repayment of the worked-out area. Through a systematic review and critical analysis of existing backfill technologies, the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of combining a hardening mixture and waste rock within a single repayable object has been identified, which provides a radical reduction in the proportion of hardening backfill. In the article offered to the reader’s attention, a variant of the combined array design and the technology of its formation are proposed. A variant of mechanization of the process of erection of the combined massif using specialized dump trucks is provided. This method of forming a combined filling mass allows reducing the volume of the hardening mixture in the total volume of the worked out space of the chambers by not a third. In connection with the complex mechanism of the formation of the combined filling massif, the work considers various options for the discharge of rock into the goaf, which differ in the number of points of discharge of the ingredients of filling materials into the goaf. Based on geotechnological design and mathematical modeling of the formation of a filling massif, it is certain that to increase the efficiency of filling the worked-out chamber space, two points of controlled rock discharge are necessary. The study identified ways to reduce the cost of controlling rock pressure in specific conditions by combining hardening mixture and waste rock for filling voids with a reduction in the proportion of hardening filling up to 50%. A variant of the combined massif construction with mechanization of the massif erection process using specialized dump trucks can significantly reduce the volume of the hardening mixture.
Mobile Applications for COVID-19: A Scoping Review of the Initial Response in Canada
Authors: Noronha Noella , D'Elia Alessia , Coletta Giulia , Wagner Nicole , Archer Norman , Navarro Tamara , Lokker Cynthia
Published: October 2020

Background: The rapid outbreak of Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) originating in Wuhan, China, and the subsequent declaration of a state of “pandemic” on March 11, 2020 has necessitated a widespread global response to manage and control the transmission, spread and impact of COVID-19. Mobile technology has been leveraged in a number of ways to control the spread of COVID-19, including to support knowledge translation. Mobile applications are accessible, acceptable, easily adopted, and have the ability to support social distancing efforts. The following review assesses the mobile applications currently available to address COVID-19 and seeks existing studies in the literature that evaluate such applications. Methods: 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed), 2 application stores (GooglePlay and Apple’s App Store) and google search engine were searched from inception until April 05, 2020 using key words and search strings to identify relevant apps and/or literature. Reviews of the obtained results were examined by two reviewers in double-blind nature and assessed for inclusion or exclusion. Results: 36 studies, 72 websites and 312 mobile-based applications were identified through searches. 14 applications met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Additional eHealth tools identified through the search strategy were considered for supplemental analysis (including online dashboards and applications not available through application stores).Conclusion: This review provides a brief assessment of the goals of applications addressing COVID-19, the types of approaches being used by these applications, and draws conclusions on the needs not being met by such application-based interventions. Innovation and collaboration between government, healthcare organizations and application developers is needed to address the identified gaps and facilitate the successful harnessing of mobile applications in the management of COVID-19.
The C-terminal fragment of LRRK2 with the G2019S substitution increases the neurotoxicity of mutant A53T α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons in vivo
Authors: Cresto Noémie , Gardier Camille , Gaillard Marie-Claude , Gubinelli Francesco , Roost Pauline , Molina Daniela , Joséphine Charlène , Dufour Noëlle , Aurégan Gwenaelle , Guillermier Martine , Bernier Sueva , Jan Caroline , Gipchtein Pauline , Hantraye Philippe , Chartier-Harlin Marie-Christine , Bonvento Gilles , Camp Nadja Van , Taymans Jean-Marc , Cambon Karine , Liot Géraldine , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , BROUILLET Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

Background: Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) likely play crucial roles both in sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The most prevalent mutation in LRRK2 is the G2019S substitution, which induces neurotoxicity through increased kinase activity. There is likely an interplay between LRRK2 and α-syn involved in the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SNpc) in PD. However, the mechanisms underlying this interplay are ill-defined. Here, we investigated whether LRRK2 G2019S can increase the neurotoxicity induced by a mutant form of α-syn (A53T mutation) in DA neurons in vivo . Methods: We used a co-transduction approach with adeno-associated virus (AAV), AAV2/6 vectors encoding human α-syn A53T and the C-terminal portion of LRRK2 (ΔLRRK2), which contains the kinase domain, with either the G2019S mutation (ΔLRRK2 G2019S ) alone or the D1994A mutation (ΔLRRK2 G2019S/D1994A ), which inactivates the kinase activity of LRRK2. The AAVs were co-injected into the rat SNpc and histological evaluation was performed at 6- and 15-weeks post-injection (PI). Results: The majority of SNpc neurons co-expressed ΔLRRK2 and human α-syn A53T after transduction. ΔLRRK2 G2019S alone produced no cell loss at 15-weeks PI. Injection of AAV-α-syn A53T alone or mixed with a control AAV coding for GFP produced a significant loss of DA neurons. Co-injection of AAV-α-syn A53T with AAV-ΔLRRK2 G2019S instead of GFP slightly exacerbated that neuronal loss We also studied the inactive form, ΔLRRK2 G2019S/D1994A at 6 weeks PI. Injection of AAV-ΔLRRK2 G2019S mixed with AAV-α-syn A53T produced a neurotoxic effect that was stronger than that produced by the co-injection of AAV-DLRRK2 G2019S/D1994A and AAV-α-syn A53T . Conclusion: Thus, these results show that mutant LRRK2 may selectively facilitate α-syn toxicity in DA neurons through a cell-autonomous mechanism involving its kinase domain. However, considering that the effect of ΔLRRK2 G2019S upon human α-syn A53T is moderate in our paradigm where pathological proteins are overexpressed, the study supports the hypothesis that the interplay between LRRK2 and α-syn may also implicate non-cell-autonomous mechanisms such as those involved in neuroinflammation and spreading of α-syn aggregated species.
Interobserver variability in target volume delineation in definitive radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer: A multi-center study from China
Authors: Chang Xiao , Deng Wei , Wang Xin , Zhou Zongmei , Yang Jun , Guo Wenling , Liu Miaoling , Qi Xiaolu , Li Ling , Zhang Kaixian , Zhang Min , Shi Yonggang , Liu Ke , Zhao Yidian , Wang Huitao , Yu Zhilong , Zhang Jihong , Wang Lihua , Qiao Xueying , Han Chun , Zhu Shuchai , Zhang Ruohui , Chen Junqiang , Hu Cairong , Zhang Fuquan , Hou Xiaorong , Pang Qingsong , Zhang Wencheng , Li Gaofeng , Lin Hailei , Sun Xinchen , Ge Xiaolin , Li Caihong , Ge Hong , Li Dingjie , Wang Yadi , Lu Na , Gao Xianshu , Qin Shangbin , Tian Yuan , Xiao Zefen
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To investigate the interobserver variability (IOV) in target volume delineation of definitive radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer (TEC) among cancer centers in China, and ultimately improve contouring consistency as much as possible to lay the foundation for multi-center prospective studies. Methods: Sixteen cancer centers throughout China participated in this study. In Phase 1, three suitable cases with upper, middle, and lower TEC were chosen, and participants were asked to contour a group of gross tumor volume (GTV-T), nodal gross tumor volume (GTV-N) and clinical target volume (CTV) for each case based on their routine experience. In Phase 2, the same clinicians were instructed to follow a contouring protocol to re-contour another group of target volume. The variation of the target volume was analyzed and quantified using dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results: Sixteen clinicians provided routine volumes, whereas ten provided both routine and protocol volumes for each case. The IOV of routine GTV-N was the most striking in all cases, with the smallest DSC of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.32-0.42), followed by CTV, whereas GTV-T showed high consistency. After following the protocol, the smallest DSC of GTV-N was improved to 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.83, P=0.005) but the DSC of GTV-T and CTV remained constant in most cases. Conclusion: Variability in target volume delineation was observed, but it could be significantly reduced and controlled using mandatory interventions.
WITHDRAWN: The lncRNA XIST promotes colorectal cancer cell growth through regulating the miR-497-5p/FOXK1 axis
Authors: Wang Nan , He Jia-Xing , Jia Guo-Zhan , Wang Ke , Zhou Shuai , Wu Tao , He Xian-Li
Published: October 2020

Background: Recent studies suggest that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. As a newly identified lncRNA, the role of XIST in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been established. Here, we sought to characterize the role of XIST and its associated regulatory network in CRC cells.Methods: Expression of XIST mRNA, miR-497-5p, and forkhead box k1 (FOXK1) in CRC cells and tissues were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells were determined using the CCK-8 cell counting assay and flow cytometry. The rate of cell migration and invasion was determined using a transwell assay. The relationships between XIST, miR-497-5p, and FOXK1 were predicted based on these results, and confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expression of FOXK1 protein was quantified by Western blot.Results: XIST and FOXK1 expression were significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, while miR-497-5p expression was downregulated. XIST knockdown significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing of XIST also reversed the downregulation of miR-497-5p and upregulation of FOXK1. Moreover, blocking XIST expression was shown to inhibit CRC tumor growth in vivo and the effects were antagonized by the loss of miR-497-5p. miR-497-5p was shown to act as a sponge of XIST and also targeted FOXK1 in CRC cells.Conclusion: XIST was shown to promote the malignancy of CRC cells by competitively binding to miR-497-5p, resulting in an increase in FOXK1 expression. These results suggest that targeting of XIST may represent a possible treatment for colon cancer.
Pediatric burn outcome; Diagnostic Value of R-Baux and P-Baux Scores
Authors: Nia Kavous Shahsavari , Razzaghi Alireza , Rahmani Farzad , Soleimanpour Hassan , Khalili Ayda , Saadati Mohammad
Published: October 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Strategies for increasing gait speed in patients with hip osteoarthritis: their clinical significance and effects on hip loading
Authors: Tateuchi Hiroshige , Akiyama Haruhiko , Goto Koji , So Kazutaka , Kuroda Yutaka , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: October 2020

Background: Changes in gait speed are required in various situations and can be achieved by changing stride length, cadence, or both. Differences in strategies for increasing gait speed may have different effects on hip joint and physical function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strategies for increasing gait speed on hip pain, physical function, and changes in hip loading during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized that patients who increase gait speed mainly by increasing cadence would have lesser hip pain, a higher physical function, and a lower rate of increase in hip moments with increasing gait speed.Methods: Forty-seven patients with secondary hip OA (age, 48.3 ± 11.0 years) were included. Gait speed, stride length, cadence, and peak and impulse of the hip moments were measured during gait at self-selected normal and fast gait speeds. The patients were classified as types S (with mainly increasing stride length, n = 11 [23.4%]), C (with mainly increasing cadence, n = 23 [48.9%]), and SC (with increasing stride length and cadence, n = 13 [27.7%]) according to whether they used changes in stride length and/or cadence to transition from normal to fast gait. Hip pain, physical function, and hip moments changes during gait were compared between types.Results: The physical function was higher in types C (38.0 ± 8.8, P = 0.018) and SC (40.6 ± 8.5, P = 0.015) than in type S (28.2 ± 7.8), even after adjustment for age and minimum joint space width. Hip pain was not significantly different between types. The robustness of these results was confirmed with sensitivity analysis. The rates of increases in peak external hip adduction (P = 0.003) and internal rotation moments (P = 0.009) were lower in type C than in type SC.Conclusions: Type C tended to suppress the increase in hip moments during fast gait. Types C and SC, which included increased cadence, maintained higher physical function levels than type S. Encouraging the use of cadence-increasing strategy may be useful for reducing hip loading and maintaining physical function in patients with hip OA.
UVB-Induced Nuclear Translocation of PTEN Promotes Radiation Sensitivity of Human Malignant Glioma U87MG Cells
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yao Chao , An Yang , Jia Yuting , Song Zhenhua , Sun Leilei , Ji Shaoping , Ma Li , Wang Fengling
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPTEN is a tumor suppressor gene, which is often inactivated through mutation and/or deletion in diverse human tumors. In the cytoplasm, PTEN negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, while PTEN also shuttles to the nucleus, where PTEN stabilizes genome and/or participates in DNA repairment after damage. PTEN’s subcellular localization seems to be regulated by various factors. MethodsU87MG cells with expressing Wild-type-PTEN (WT-PTEN) and K13E-PTEN mutant were engineered respectively. The relationship between UV radiation and PTEN’s subcellular localization were elucidated using nuclear and cytosolic fractionation and fluorescence co-localization assay. Related signaling pathways were studied with western blot assays.ResultsHere, we demonstrated that UV irradiation could promote nuclear translocation of both WT-PTEN and K13E-PTEN mutant in a dose-dependent manner, but WT PTEN had a higher level of nuclear accumulation after inducing by UV-irradiation compared to K13E-PTEN. In contrast, the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of exogenous PTEN was critical to its tumor-suppressing functions that made U87MG cells more sensitive to the UV irradiation. ConclusionOur findings may have implications for further revealing the function of nuclear PTEN and provide insights for clinical treatment of PTEN-deficient tumors.
Phase Transition of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Constructing Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Ren Zhen , Zhou Weiqiang , Weng Jie-Na , Qin Ziyue , Liu Liwei , Ji Ning , Khalil Islam , Zheng Bing , Wu Jiansheng , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei
Published: October 2020

Through encapsulating functional materials, metal–organic framework (MOF) composites show extraordinary potential in various fields due to the excellent synergistic effects between the host and guests. However, many attracting functional species, such as enzymes, could be easily damaged during the synthesis of MOF composites. Herein we report a new strategy, namely pressure-amorphization-stimulation-recovery (PASR), in which crystalline MOFs were transferred to the amorphous MOFs at certain mechanical pressure, followed by recrystallization process to encapsulate functional species into MOF crystals. The reversible phase transition avoids high temperature, high ionic strength, strong acid/base conditions, etc., which is suitable for many types of functional species. To prove the feasibility of this method, enzymes, anti-cancer drugs, noble metal nanoparticles and other functional materials, have been trapped into MOFs using this strategy. The synthesized MOF composites can maintain 95.6% of the enzyme activity under the treatment of protease, or reach 40% drug loading, or achieve 98% size selectivity for olefins. This strategy has been extended to several types of MOF structures and it will pave a new way for designing MOF composites and developing further applications.
A Poor Prognostic Metastatic Nongestational Choriocarcinoma of the Ovary: A Case Report and the Literature Review.
Authors: Nishino Kimihiro , Yamamoto Eiko , Ikeda Yoshiki , Niimi Kaoru , Yamamoto Toshimichi , Kajiyama Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

Background: Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma can be gestational or nongestational in origin. Nongestational pure ovarian choriocarcinoma is extremely rare and the prognosis is thought to be worse than that of the gestational type in patients with metastatic disease. We present a case of metastatic pure ovarian choriocarcinoma with poor prognosis in which the origin was identified as nongestational by DNA short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Case presentation: A nulliparous woman in her thirties with metastatic choriocarcinoma was referred to our hospital after initial treatment proved unsuccessful. Two months earlier, she had undergone brain tumor resection and histological examination confirmed choriocarcinoma. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentration at initial diagnosis was 5030 IU/L. Two cycles of a combination chemotherapy regimen of methotrexate, etoposide, and actinomycin-D (MEA therapy), which is commonly used for gestational choriocarcinoma, was administered. However, the disease could not be controlled. Imaging modalities at presentation revealed tumor present in the left ovary and left lung, but not in the uterus, which led us think that the choriocarcinoma was nongestational. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP therapy) which is commonly used for nongestational choriocarcinoma (malignant germ cell tumor) and surgical resection of the uterus, bilateral ovaries, and an affected part of the left lung led to the nadir level of hCG, but the tumor relapsed and levels of hCG again increased. To investigate the origin of choriocarcinoma, we performed DNA STR analysis of tumor cells and oral mucosal cells. Analysis revealed the origin of the choriocarcinoma as nongestational, as the genotype of tumor cells entirely corresponded with that of oral mucosal cells. BEP therapy and chemotherapy regimens administered for nongestational choriocarcinoma and gestational choriocarcinoma proved ineffective, and the patient died 21 months after diagnosis of metastatic choriocarcinoma.Conclusion: Metastaic nongestational pure choriocarcinoma of ovary is an extremely rare and an aggressive disease, frequently resulting in poor outcome.