bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status of abortion curriculum in genetic counseling: Survey of graduate programs and recent graduates in the United States
Authors: Sanchez Gina , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Bednar Erica , Horvath Sarah , Kumar Bhavik , Sagaser Katelynn , Singletary Claire N. , Ramdaney Aarti
Published: February 2024

Genetic counselors (GCs) are trained to help individuals navigate the medical and psychological implications of genetic test results, familial conditions, and ultrasound anomalies. Therefore, familiarity with reproductive options, including abortion, is vital. However, previous studies have found gaps in GCs' knowledge regarding abortion care and there are currently no recommendations regarding abortion curriculum. This study aimed to assess the state of abortion curriculum in genetic counseling graduate programs in the United States and to examine and compare the satisfaction levels of program representatives and recent graduates. Program representatives and recent graduates were invited to complete an anonymous survey evaluating the abortion curriculum, satisfaction with said curriculum, and perceived preparedness to counsel on abortion. Quantitative data from 46 program representatives and 123 recent graduates were analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical analyses, including the Mann–Whitney U‐test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Large variability existed in the amount and types of abortion training. Results showed greater satisfaction and feelings of preparation to counsel on abortion in graduates whose program provided a dedicated abortion curriculum (p < 0.001, p = 0.005). In addition, graduates with abortion counseling experience felt less prepared to counsel on abortion than their programs believed them to be (p = 0.04). Graduates perceived procedural timing, facilitation of genetic testing, and resources/support desired by patients before, during, or after an abortion, to be the most important topics, although these were not included in all programs' curriculum. Program representatives and recent graduates alike noted that variability in clinical training is a barrier to abortion education. Our results demonstrate a need for curricular reform to reduce variability in training and ensure that all graduates receive the same foundational abortion education. Further research is needed to determine the scope of GCs in abortion care, as well as which topics and education formats are most helpful in graduate education.
The majority of parents of children undergoing genetic testing report preference for earlier genetic counseling appointments
Authors: Cochrane Cami , Wetherill Leah , Delk Paula , Neidlinger Trisha
Published: February 2024

In the Indiana University Health (IUH) Medical Genetics clinic, certified genetic counselors disclose genetic test results to patients by telephone. The wait‐time between a result call‐out and a follow‐up appointment can vary from weeks to months depending on the medical geneticist's availability. Understanding the experiences that families face during these waiting periods can inform the field regarding what clinical improvements can be made to enhance patients' experiences. Our study explored three topics: the effects of wait‐times on parents or patients between a result disclosure and medical genetics follow‐up appointment, their anxiety levels during those wait‐times, and suggestions for improving parents' and patients' experiences with genetics clinics. Patients or parents who were over 18 years old, who received an initial result call‐out between May 2020 and September 2022 prior to a medical genetics follow‐up appointment, and who had a diagnostic or a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) genetic test result were recruited for study participation. Individuals were surveyed on their diagnosis, wait‐time following result disclosure, feelings during the wait‐time, and preferences for result disclosures. The results showed that length of wait‐time after a result call‐out was not associated with increased anxiety; however, a background in genetics and support group involvement were associated with increased anxiety. The majority of respondents reported that if a genetic counseling‐only appointment could occur closer to the time of results call‐out, they would prefer to have a genetic counseling‐only appointment with a second appointment for medical management with a geneticist later (58.1%). Based on these results, medical genetics clinics should consider implementing genetic counseling‐only appointments to reduce wait‐times for follow‐up appointments.
Proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and atopy increase the risk of eosinophilic esophagitis in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Tang Tiffany C. , Leach Steven T. , Krishnan Usha
Published: February 2024

Objective

To determine whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children with esophageal atresia (EA).

Study Design

A retrospective chart review of children with EA from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020 was undertaken at Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick. Children with EA and EoE (cases) were matched (1:2) to children with only EA (controls) to compare PPI exposure. Other early‐life factors such as infantile antibiotic exposure and personal or family history of atopy were also analyzed using simple and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 184 children with EA, 46 (25%) developed EoE during this period. Thirty‐eight EoE participants were matched to 76 controls. Children with EoE and EA received PPI for significantly higher durations (p = .018) and at significantly higher cumulative doses (p = .017) than controls. Food allergy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.317; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.244–23.742), family history of atopy (aOR, 3.504; 95% CI, 1.268–9.682), and infantile antibiotic exposure (aOR, 1.040; 95% CI, 1.006–1.075) were also significantly associated with an increased risk of developing EoE in the EA cohort.

Conclusions

Prolonged duration and high cumulative dose of PPI exposure were significantly associated with subsequent EoE development in children with EA. Food allergy, family history of atopy, and infantile antibiotic exposure in EA were also significantly associated with an increased risk of EoE development.
Surgical management of spiral oblique fractures of the fifth metatarsal leads to faster return to play in athletes: A systematic review
Authors: Jimenez Mosquea Thelma R. , Butler James J. , Samsonov Alan P. , Ubillus Hugo A. , Kennedy John G. , Walls Raymond J.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate outcomes following both operative and nonoperative management of spiral oblique fractures of the fifth metatarsal.

Methods

During November 2023, the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following operative and nonoperative management of dancer's fractures. Data regarding subjective clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, complications and failure rates were extracted and analysed.

Results

Ten studies were included in this review. In total, 125 patients underwent operative treatment for dancer's fractures and 365 patients underwent nonoperative treatment for dancer's fractures. The weighted mean follow‐up in the operative cohort was 15.3 ± 32.7 months and the weighted mean follow‐up in the nonoperative cohort was 30.6 ± 24.3 months. The overall union rate in the operative cohort was 99.2% and the overall union rate in the nonoperative cohort was 98.6%. The weighted mean time to return to sport was 15.4 ± 6.7 and 22.4 ± 4.4 weeks in the operative cohort and nonoperative cohort, respectively. The complication rate in the operative cohort and nonoperative cohort was 12.0% and 15.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

This current systematic review demonstrated comparable radiographic outcomes together with low failure rate and low complication rate following both operative and nonoperative management of dancer's fracture at short‐term follow‐up. However, faster return to sport rates was observed in the operative cohort, suggesting that surgical management of displaced spiral oblique fractures of the fifth metatarsal should be the mainstay treatment option. However, the under‐reporting of data, marked heterogeneity between studies and paucity of comparative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions; thus, further high‐quality comparative studies are warranted.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
No clinical outcome difference between varus phenotypes after medial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy at 2 years follow‐up
Authors: Van Genechten Wouter , Vanneste Yannick , van Beek Nathalie , Michielsen Jozef , Claes Steven , Verdonk Peter
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Clinical studies regarding medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) often analyse a large group of mechanical varus knees rather than differentiating for its primary varus‐inducing component. This study aims to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of the most prevalent varus malalignment phenotypes using the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification.

Methods

MOWHTO cases with minimal 2‐year clinical follow‐up were retrospectively selected from a knee osteotomy database (2016–2020). Based on the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), subjects were allocated to the correct CPAK phenotype pre‐ and postoperatively. Clinical outcomes were the numeric rating scale (NRS), the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and the therapeutic response rate (TRR) at 2‐year follow‐up. Inter‐observer correlation coefficient (ICC) and unpaired student t test were performed for cross‐phenotype comparison.

Results

One hundred thirty‐five (135) subjects were found eligible (53.0 years old ±9.6 [19–77], 72% male, 53% left‐sided). The most prevalent preoperative phenotype was CPAK 1 (n = 70 (52%)) and the postoperative phenotype was CPAK 6 (n = 66 (49%)). All CPAK phenotypes improved significantly relative to baseline but cross‐phenotype comparison yielded no significant differences in clinical outcome. The TRR at 2 years was 67% for CPAK 1, 69% for CPAK 2 and 87% for CPAK 4. The TRR for CPAK 6 was 64% compared with 80% for CPAK 9, which was not significantly different.

Conclusion

At 2‐year follow‐up, no clinically significant differences are observed between different CPAK phenotypes. Accurate MOWHTO corrections provide significant clinical improvement even in the femoral‐driven varus knee and the constitutional varus knee dominated by intra‐articular wear. The clinical indication for MOWHTO performance should not be reduced to the medial arthritic varus knee with underlying tibial varus alone.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, retrospective comparative study.
Prescribing Practices and Barriers of Biologics for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Amongst Otolaryngologists
Authors: Bell Christopher M. , Thamboo Andrew V. , Monteiro Eric , Yip Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Objective(s)

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) are an evolving therapeutic option, but there are limited data on physician experiences in prescribing them. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of these experiences including prescribing practices, patient factors which guide prescriber decision, and physician and patient‐reported issues which might limit cost‐effectiveness of these therapies.

Methods

A survey was distributed to attending otolaryngologists using the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology (CSOHNS) email distribution and eSurvey program. Responses were tabulated for the entire cohort and compared between rhinologists and non‐rhinologists where appropriate. Frequencies and proportions were expressed as a percentage of total respondents. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis between groups.

Results

Seventy‐nine total survey responses were recorded representing a response rate of 43%. Significantly more rhinologists reported prescribing biologic medications on their own (100% vs. 50%; p < 0.001) and a higher proportion (1 to 10% vs. <1%) of their patients were on biologics compared with non‐rhinologists (p = 0.023). Rhinologists were more likely to consider poor response to medical therapies, need for rescue steroids, and comorbid type 2 conditions in their decision to pursue biologics than non‐rhinologists, but they also experienced poorer assistance from patient support programs and less availability to medications.

Conclusion

Rhinologists are more comfortable with prescribing and managing biologics for CRSwNP compared with non‐rhinologist colleagues. Clinicians prescribing biologic medications for CRSwNP should be familiar with guidelines, indications, and potential adverse events.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:3493–3498, 2024
NSUN2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression through stabilizing PIK3R2 mRNA in an m5C‐dependent manner
Authors: Du Xuan , Cheng Cheng , Yang Yi , Fan Bowen , Wang Peiwen , Xia Haibo , Ni Xinye , Liu Qizhan , Lu Lu , Wei Lei
Published: February 2024

It is well known that 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) is involved in variety of crucial biological processes in cancers. However, its biological roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LAUD) remain to be determined. The LUAD samples were used to assess the clinical value of NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2). Dot blot was used to determine global m5C levels. ChIP and dual‐luciferase assays were performed to investigate the MYC‐associated zinc finger protein (MAZ)‐binding sites in NSUN2 promoter. RNA‐seq was used to explore the downstream molecular mechanisms of NSUN2. Dual luciferase reporter assay, m5C‐RIP‐qPCR, and mRNA stability assay were conducted to explore the effect of NSUN2‐depletion on target genes. Cell viability, transwell, and xenograft mouse model were designed to demonstrate the characteristic of NSUN2 in promoting LUAD progression. The m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 was highly expressed and caused elevated m5C methylation in LUAD samples. Mechanistically, MAZ positively regulated the transcription of NSUN2 and was related to poor survival of LUAD patients. Silencing NSUN2 decreased the global m5C levels, suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited activation of PI3K‐AKT signaling in A549 and SPAC‐1 cells. Phosphoinositide‐3‐Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2 (PIK3R2) was upregulated by NSUN2‐mediated m5C methylation by enhancing its mRNA stabilization and activated the phosphorylation of the PI3K‐AKT signaling. The present study explored the underlying mechanism and biological function of NSUN2‐meditated m5C RNA methylation in LUAD. NSUN2 was discovered to facilitate the malignancy progression of LUAD through regulating m5C modifications to stabilize PIK3R2 activating the PI3K‐AKT signaling, suggesting that NSUN2 could be a novel biomarker and promising therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
Metabolism‐focused CRISPR screen unveils mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 as a critical driver for PARP inhibitor resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Furusawa Takashi , Cavero Renzo , Liu Yue , Li Haojian , Xu Xia , Andresson Thorkell , Reinhold William , White Olivia , Boufraqech Myriem , Meyer Thomas J. , Hartmann Oliver , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Pommier Yves , Weyemi Urbain
Published: February 2024

Homologous recombination (HR) and poly ADP‐ribosylation are partially redundant pathways for the repair of DNA damage in normal and cancer cells. In cell lines that are deficient in HR, inhibition of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase [PARP]1/2) is a proven target with several PARP inhibitors (PARPis) currently in clinical use. Resistance to PARPi often develops, usually involving genetic alterations in DNA repair signaling cascades, but also metabolic rewiring particularly in HR‐proficient cells. We surmised that alterations in metabolic pathways by cancer drugs such as Olaparib might be involved in the development of resistance to drug therapy. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a metabolism‐focused clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats knockout screen to identify genes that undergo alterations during the treatment of tumor cells with PARPis. Of about 3000 genes in the screen, our data revealed that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is an essential factor in desensitizing nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lung cancer lines to PARP inhibition. In contrast to NSCLC lung cancer cells, triple‐negative breast cancer cells do not exhibit such desensitization following MPC1 loss and reprogram the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to overcome PARPi treatment. Our findings unveil a previously unknown synergistic response between MPC1 loss and PARP inhibition in lung cancer cells.
Stealth RF energy harvesting in MRI using selective shielding
Authors: Bjorkqvist Oskar , Pruessmann Klaas P.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To utilize the transmit radiofrequency (RF) field in MRI as a power source, near or within the field of view but without affecting image quality or safety.

Methods

Power harvesting is performed by RF induction in a resonant coil. Resulting RF field distortion in the subject is canceled by a selective shield that couples to the harvester while being transparent to the RF transmitter. Such shielding is designed with the help of electromagnetic simulation. A shielded harvester of 3 cm diameter is implemented, assessed on the bench, and tested in a 3T MRI system, recording power yield during typical scans.

Results

The concept of selective shielding is confirmed by simulation. Bench tests show effective power harvesting in the presence of the shield. In the MRI system, it is confirmed that selective shielding virtually eliminates RF perturbation. In scans with the harvester immediately adjacent to a phantom, up to 100 mW of average power are harvested without affecting image quality.

Conclusion

Selective shielding enables stealthy RF harvesting which can be used to supply wireless power to on‐body devices during MRI.
Hand‐held electron spin resonance scanner for subcutaneous oximetry using OxyChip
Authors: Almog Nir , Zgadzai Oleg , Kuppusamy Periannan , Zur Yehonatan , Baruch Limor , Machluf Marcelle , Blank Aharon
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Electron spin resonance (ESR) is used to measure oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in biological media with many clinical applications. Traditional clinical ESR involves large magnets that encompass the subject of measurement. However, certain applications might benefit from a scanner operating within local static magnetic fields. Our group recently developed such a compact scanner for transcutaneous (surface) pO2 measurements of skin tissue. Here we extend this capability to subsurface (subcutaneous) pO2 measurements and verify it using an artificial tissue emulating (ATE) phantom.

Methods

We introduce a new scanner, tailored for subcutaneous measurements up to 2 mm beneath the skin's surface. This scanner captures pulsed ESR signals from embedded approximate 1‐mm oxygen‐sensing solid paramagnetic implant, OxyChip. The scanner features a static magnetic field source, producing a uniform region outside its surface, and a compact microwave resonator, for exciting and receiving ESR signals.

Results

ESR readings derived from an OxyChip, positioned approximately 1.5 mm from the scanner's surface, embedded in ATE phantom, exhibited a linear relation of 1/T2 versus pO2 for pO2 levels at 0, 7.6, 30, and 160 mmHg, with relative reading accuracy of about 10%.

Conclusion

The compact ESR scanner can report pO2 data in ATE phantom from an external position relative to the scanner. Implementing this scanner in preclinical and clinical applications for subcutaneous pO2 measurements is a feasible next phase for this development. This innovative design also has the potential to operate in conjunction with artificial skin graft for wound healing, combining therapeutic and pO2 diagnostic features.
The hedonic overdrive model best explains high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Gao Lin , Hu Sumei , Yang Dengbao , Wang Lu , Togo Jacques , Wu Yingga , Li Baoguo , Li Min , Wang Guanlin , Zhang Xueying , Li Li , Xu Yanchao , Mazidi Moshen , Couper Elspeth , Whittington‐Davies Andrew , Niu Chaoqun , Speakman John R.
Published: February 2024

Objective

High‐fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models.

Methods

A total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high‐fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.4% to 40%. Body weight and food intake were monitored for 30 days after 7 days at baseline on a standard low‐fat diet.

Results

After exposure to the diets, energy intake increased first, and body weight followed later. Intake then declined. The peak energy intake was dependent on both dietary protein and carbohydrate, but not the dietary fat and energy density, whereas the rate of decrease in intake was only related to dietary protein. On high‐fat diets, the weight of food intake declined, but despite this average reduction of 14.4 g in food intake, they consumed, on average, 357 kJ more energy than at baseline.

Conclusions

The hedonic overdrive model fit the data best. The other two models were not supported.
Realizing SnF2‐TMAB passivated lead‐free formamidinum perovskite solar cells with doctor‐bladed carbon electrode
Authors: Mishra Debesh Devadutta , Rath Pranati Kumari , Thirugnanam Natarajan , Shen Tao , Chen Zihe , Zhang Zexian , Liu Xinghang , Li Jinhua , Wang Xianbao , Tan Cher Ming
Published: February 2024

The suitable band gap with outstanding optoelectronic characteristics makes Sn‐based perovskites one of the promising candidates for the preparation of efficient lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, preparing Sn2+‐based PSCs is very difficult due to the ready oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ when exposed to air. In this work, by incorporating the trimethylamine borane complex (TMAB) as an antioxidant additive into the perovskite precursor solution along with excess SnF2, we report the fabrication of air‐stable FASnI3‐based solar cells. The complex formed by TMAB‐SNF2 (additive layer) enables in‐situ encapsulation of perovskite grains. This layer considerably improves the oxidation stability of the perovskite layer by eliminating oxygen vacancies from the NiO hole transport. The resulting PSCs can maintain more than 70% of the efficiency over 45 and 75 hours respectively in air and N2 exposure without encapsulation. This can be regarded as a genuinely enhanced attribute, particularly considering the use of carbon in one of the electrodes in FASnI3 perovskites. The findings suggest an alternative approach to provide effective and sustainable Sn‐based PSCs in the future.
High molecular weight crystalline PEO6‐based polymer electrolytes for lithium‐ion conduction—Effect of cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Ram Shankar C. V. , Deo Shyam , Zhan Pengfei , Janik Michael J. , Maranas Janna K.
Published: February 2024

We explore the crystal structure and ionic conductivity of unfilled and cellulose nanowhisker‐filled polymer electrolytes, based on high molecular weight PEO and LiClO4 at a concentration EO:Li = 6:1 (EO = ether oxygen). At this concentration, the polymer electrolyte forms crystalline PEO6 (PEOy—the crystal structure co‐crystallizes “y” PEO ether oxygens to one Li‐anion pair). While the diffraction patterns for PEO3 and PEO6 with LiClO4 are available, their structures are not. Thus, we optimize these structures using density functional theory and show agreement between simulated and experimental diffraction patterns. The PEO6 crystal shows insufficient Li‐ion conductivity due to a lack of percolated conduction paths, and the crystal structure is unstable following 2 months after annealing. Cellulose nanowhiskers, with their patterned surface OH groups, extend the length of PEO6 tunnels, stabilize these tunnels for as long as a year, and result in the percolation of crystals. Although the EO:Li = 6:1 stoichiometry should not favor PEO3 formation, we observe this crystal phase in some unfilled samples. But, with the addition of nanowhiskers, the patterned surface templates PEO6 formation rather than PEO3. Despite these advantages, nanowhiskers do not improve ionic conductivity as hypothesized. The tools developed in this work allow further mechanistic exploration of conduction through crystalline domains.
Cationic polymer coating that rapidly inactivates bacteria and resists bacterial adhesion
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Xue Yunyun , Wang Chuyao , Cui Ronglu , Zhao Yu , Fang Lifeng , Zhu Baoku
Published: February 2024

Amphiphilic cationic polymers mimicking the membrane‐disrupting mechanism of natural antimicrobial peptides displays high‐efficacy bactericidal activity and meanwhile good biocompatibility, while electrostatic adsorption enables bacteria to adhere to substrate surfaces, effectively lowering the antimicrobial effect, so it is worthwhile to tackle the problem of bacterial adhesion to prolong its antibacterial activity. Herein, a kind of polyquaternium latex (PQL) was synthesized to coat polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PPNFs) with bacterial repellency and rapid biocidal activity toward both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compared with polyquaternium solution coatings, latex coatings provided PPNFs with unique microscopic morphology and surface chemistry rich in polyoxyethylene moieties, achieving better resistance to bacterial adhesion, and meanwhile PQL coated PPNFs also delivered 99% killing rates against both bacteria within 2 min. After exposure to ultrasonic cleaning for 4 h, PQL modified PPNFs still demonstrated good bactericidal activity. Moreover, they also displayed low cytotoxicity. This work provides guidance for the design of antibacterial and antiadhesion coatings to combat bacterial infection.
Advances in retrogressive thaw slump research in permafrost regions
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Youqian , Chen Ji , Dang Haiming , Zhang Shouhong , Mei Qihang , Zhao Jingyi , Wang Jinchang , Dong Tianchun , Zhao Yaojun
Published: February 2024

A retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) is a slope failure formed by slope thaw settlement and retrogressive slump following the thawing of ice‐rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice. Here, we review recent literature on RTSs, one of the main geomorphological landscapes developed in the process of permafrost degradation. The main topics are as follows: development and temporal evolution, mechanisms and processes, influencing factors, evaluation susceptibility and calculation, and assessment of engineering and environmental impacts. There has been a rapid increase in the number and distribution area of RTSs over permafrost in recent years. Climate warming events, extreme rainfall, forest fires, bank and coast erosion, and anthropogenic activity are the primary factors leading to RTSs in permafrost regions, disrupting the initial hydrothermal equilibrium of permafrost slopes. This causes a rise in ground temperature and the thaw of ice‐rich permafrost. Meltwater seeps down and collects on the ice surface, weakening freeze–thaw interface shear resistance and resulting in soil collapse. The development of RTSs may last several decades or longer. RTSs destabilize infrastructure, destroy vegetation, boost soil erosion and land desertification, alter the environment of nearby waters, and increase emissions of some major greenhouse gases. Numerous methods have been developed and adopted to explore RTSs, including geographic information systems (GIS) and equilibrium, numerical, and reliability analysis methods. However, research on formation mechanisms and processes, quantitative prediction, engineering and environmental influences, and mitigative measures of RTSs under a warming climate are still inadequate. Existing research methods, such as numerical simulations, remote sensing, airborne ground‐based geophysical surveys, investigations and mapping, and hydrothermal and deformation field monitoring, should be systematically integrated. Additionally, equipment for laboratory testing and numerical models for simulating RTSs may need to be timely introduced and better developed.
The utility of elective flexible bronchoscopy to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes for children: A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Rahul J. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Goyal Vikas , Chang Anne B. , Rutter Cameron , Masters Ian Brent , Marchant Julie M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Elective flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is now widely available and standard practice for a variety of indications in children with respiratory conditions. However, there is limited evidence regarding the utility of elective FB in children. This systematic review (SRs) aimed to determine the utility of FB on its impact in clinical decision making and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Embase, World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Cochrane database of SRs from inception to April 20, 2023. We included SRs and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used parallel group design (comparing use of elective FB vs. no FB, or a wait‐list approach [early FB vs. usual wait FB]) in children aged ≤ 18 years. Our protocol was prospectively registered and used Cochrane methodology for systemic reviews of interventions.

Results

Our search identified 859 articles; 102 duplicates were removed, and 753 articles were excluded by title and abstract. Four full text articles were reviewed and subsequently excluded, as none met the inclusion criteria outlined in our patient, intervention, comparator, outcome measures framework.

Conclusions

There is a paucity of high‐quality RCT evidence to support the routine use of elective FB in children with respiratory conditions. However, available retrospective and a single prospective study demonstrate the high utility of FB in the elective pediatric setting.

Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021291305.
Microcapsules of mesoporous silica and cyclodextrin modified loaded with nonanal and decanal for effective control of Sitotroga cerealella in grain storage environments
Authors: Shah Sakhawat , Zhang Fu‐Rui , Ge Yv‐Wen , Elgizawy Karam Khamis , Wu Gang , Shi Chun‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Yang Feng‐Lian
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is a destructive pest of maize, wheat, and rice, causing economic losses and threatening food security. This study aimed to develop and characterize microcapsules of mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) and cyclodextrin‐modified mesoporous silica nanospheres (CDMSN) containing two aldehydes, nonanal and decanal, found in plant essential oils, to assess their attractiveness to S. cerealella populations.

RESULTS

Microcapsules with 2:1 ratio of nonanal and decanal exhibited an average encapsulation efficiency of 39.82% for MSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (MSN‐ND) and 46.10% for CDMSN loaded with nonanal and decanal (CDMSN‐ND). They have an elliptical shape with particle sizes of 115 nm for MSN and 175 nm for CDMSN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed in vitro release of nonanal in MSN at 96.24% and decanal at 96.42% by the 36th day. CDMSN showed releases of 93.83% for nonanal and 93.74% for decanal by the 50th day. CDMSN‐ND attracted adult S. cerealella for 43 days, while MSN‐ND remained effective for 29 days. In mass trapping assays in simulated grain warehouse, both MSN‐ND and CDMSN‐ND trapped over 50% of the adult population within 7 days, significantly reducing grain infestation rates below 10% by inhibiting F1 adult emergence. At temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C, both microcapsules exhibited significant and effective attraction rates for S. cerealella. Stored wheat seeds treated with CDMSN and CDMSN‐ND over 1 year showed no significant differences in key germination parameters.

CONCLUSION

Microencapsulated nonanal and decanal offer a promising, sustainable approach for controlling S. cerealella infestation in stored grains, contributing to global food security. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Constant Photocurrent Method to Probe the Sub‐Bandgap Absorption in Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Films: The Case of α‐Ga2O3
Authors: Nicol David , Reynolds Stephen , Barr Kristopher , Roberts Joseph W. , Jarman John J. , Chalker Paul R. , Massabuau Fabien C.‐P.
Published: February 2024

The optical absorption coefficient is one of the fundamental properties of semiconductors and is critical to the development of optical devices. Herein, a revival of the constant photocurrent method is presented to measure sub‐bandgap absorption in wide bandgap semiconductor films. The method involves maintaining a constant photocurrent by continually adjusting the impinging photon flux across the energy spectrum. Under such conditions, the reciprocal of the photon flux for uniformly absorbed light is proportional to the absorption coefficient. This method is applied to α‐Ga2O3 and reveals that it can access the absorption coefficient from 1 × 105 cm−1 at the band edge (5.3 eV) to 0.8 cm−1 close to mid‐bandgap (2.7 eV). Changes in the steepness of the absorption curve in the sub‐bandgap region are in excellent agreement with defect states of α‐Ga2O3 reported by deep level transient spectroscopy, indicating that the technique shows promise as a probe of energetically distributed defect states in thin film wide bandgap semiconductors.
Phase Electronic Structure Tuning via Pt, P–Doped Ni4Mo‐Implanted Ti4O7 for Highly Efficient Water Splitting and Mg/Seawater Batteries
Authors: Hoa Van Hien , Prabhakaran Sampath , Mai Mai , Dao Huyen Thi , Kim Do Hwan
Published: February 2024

Fine‐tuning nanoscale structures, morphologies, and electronic states are crucial for creating efficient water‐splitting electrocatalysts. In this study, a method for electronic structure engineering to enhance overall water splitting in a corrosion‐resistant electrocatalyst matrix by integrating Pt, P dual‐doped Ni4Mo electrocatalysts onto a Ti4O7 nanorod grown on carbon cloth (Pt, P–Ni4Mo–Ti4O7/CC) is introduced. By optimizing platinum and phosphorus concentrations to 1.18% and 2.42%, respectively, low overpotentials are achieved remarkably: 24 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 290 mV at 20 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 m KOH. These values approach or surpass those of benchmark Pt–C and IrO2 catalysts. Additionally, the Pt, P–Ni4Mo–Ti4O7/CC bifunctional electrocatalyst displays low cell potentials across various mediums, maintaining excellent current retention (96% stability after 40 h in mimic seawater at 20 mA cm−2) and demonstrating strong corrosion resistance and suitability for seawater  electrolysis. As a cathode in magnesium/seawater batteries, it achieves a power density of 7.2 mW cm−2 and maintains stability for 100 h. Density functional theory simulations confirm that P, Pt doping‐assisted electronic structure modifications augment electrical conductivity and active sites in the hybrid electrocatalysts.
Quantum Nature of Charge Transport in Inkjet‐Printed Graphene Revealed in High Magnetic Fields up to 60T
Authors: Cottam Nathan D. , Wang Feiran , Austin Jonathan S. , Tuck Christopher J. , Hague Richard , Fromhold Mark , Escoffier Walter , Goiran Michel , Pierre Mathieu , Makarovsky Oleg , Turyanska Lyudmila
Published: February 2024

Inkjet‐printing of graphene, iGr, provides an alternative route for the fabrication of highly conductive and flexible graphene films for use in devices. However, the contribution of quantum phenomena associated with 2D single layer graphene, SLG, to the charge transport in iGr is yet to be explored. Here, the first magneto‐transport study of iGr in high magnetic fields up to 60 T is presented. The observed quantum phenomena, such as weak localization and negative magnetoresistance, are strongly affected by the thickness of the iGr film and can be explained by a combination of intra‐ and inter‐flake classical and quantum charge transport. The quantum nature of carrier transport in iGr is revealed using temperature, electric field, and magnetic field dependences of the iGr conductivity. These results are relevant for the exploitation of inkjet deposition of graphene, which is of particular interest for additive manufacturing and 3D printing of flexible and wearable electronics. It is shown that printed nanostructures enable ensemble averaging of quantum interference phenomena within a single device, thereby facilitating comparison between experiment and underlying statistical models of electron transport.
Electrochemically Induced Ru/CoOOH Synergistic Catalyst as Bifunctional Electrode Materials for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Yingyan , Ha Yuan , Chen Liangqiang , An Ziqi , Xing Linzhuang , Wang Zhenni , Li Zhimin
Published: February 2024

Efficient and affordable price bifunctional electrocatalysts based on transition metal oxides for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions have a balanced efficiency, but it remains a significant challenge to control their activity and durability. Herein, a trace Ru (0.74 wt.%) decorated ultrathin CoOOH nanosheets (≈4 nm) supported on the surface of nickel foam (Ru/CoOOH@NF) is rationally designed via an electrochemically induced strategy to effectively drive the electrolysis of alkaline overall water splitting. The as‐synthesized Ru/CoOOH@NF electrocatalysts integrate the advantages of a large number of different HER (Ru nanoclusters) and OER (CoOOH nanosheets) active sites as well as strong in‐suit structure stability, thereby exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity. In particular, the ultra‐low overpotential of the HER (36 mV) and the OER (264 mV) are implemented to achieve 10 mA cm−2. Experimental and theoretical calculations also reveal that Ru/CoOOH@NF possesses high intrinsic conductivity, which facilitates electron release from H2O and H‐OH bond breakage and accelerates electron/mass transfer by regulating the charge distribution. This work provides a new avenue for the rational design of low‐cost and high‐activity bifunctional electrocatalysts for large‐scale water‐splitting technology and expects to help contribute to the creation of various hybrid electrocatalysts.
In Vitro Detection of Lactate and Uric Acid Based on Adaptive Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Fang Bo , Zhao Zeyu , Ma Jie , Li Heng , Yan Feng , Tao Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

In vitro detection of small molecules in the human circulatory system contributes a lot to prompt personalized healthcare and early disease diagnose. The precise detection requires to select target molecules for real‐time noninvasive identifications, which remains a challenge derived from the lack of both molecule‐sieving techniques and rapid detection tools. Herein, positively charged polymer chains into graphene oxide membranes are seeded to tune their interlayer spacing precisely and persistently within a range of 8.67–13.75 Å. The adaptive yet stable nanocapillaries allow membranes to sieve small molecules with fitted sizes, for example, salts and biomarkers. The molecule‐sieving membranes with organic electrochemical transistors, further achieving an in vitro detection of lactate and uric acid with a high accuracy, are coupled. Based on this finding, a wearable sweat lactate rapid test kit, which detects sweat lactate secreted from human body within a few minutes, is demonstrated.
Crystal Growth Nucleation Induced by CsPb2Br5 2D for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Jiahe , Zhang Siyu , Yang Fu , Shou Chunhui , Li Cong
Published: February 2024

Crystallization is a crucial step in obtaining high‐quality perovskite films. A 2D seed‐induced method is proposed for fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs). CsPb2Br5 significantly reduces the formation energy of perovskite according to the density functional theory calculations. The creation of perovskites is facilitated by CsPb2Br5, which also helps to improve the conditions for perovskite formation. The creation of large perovskite particles is accelerated by using a 2D seed‐precursor solution, which also improves the performance of PbI2 thin films. However, excessive doping can cause dopants to precipitate on the smooth surface of PbI2 thin films, resulting in the formation of perovskite thin films with numerous cracks, ultimately reducing device efficiency. Through meticulous optimization, the perovskite thin film obtained from a precursor solution with 30% concentration identifies the longest charge lifetime. With a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 24.06% under one solar illumination, the champion gadget demonstrates extraordinary photovoltaic performance. These results offer important insights for the logical design and manufacture of perovskite materials and have the potential to significantly advance PSC technology.
Early drainage removal in the management of lymphatic leakage after robotic pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Kai , Li Hongbo , Yuan Lihua , Hou Yan , O'Reilly Derek A. , Zhu Gang
Published: February 2024

Background

Radical prostatectomy (RP) and radical cystectomy (RC) with concurrent pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) are considered as the curative surgical treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PC) or muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (BC). Regarding lymphatic leakage management after PLND, there is no standard of care, with different therapeutic approaches having been reported with varying success rates.

Methods

Seventy patients underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy during robotic RP and RC with postoperative pelvic drainage volume more than 50 mL/day before the removal of drainage tube, were retrospectively evaluated in this study between August 2015 and June 2023. If the pelvic drainage volume on postoperative Day 2 was more than 50 mL/day, a drainage fluid creatinine was routinely tested to rule out urine leakage. We removed the drainage if the patient had no significant abdominal free fluid collection, no abdominal distension or pain, no fever, and no abdominal tenderness. After 1‐day observation of the vital signs and abdominal symptoms, the patient was discharged and followed‐up in clinic for 2 weeks after surgery.

Results

Forty‐one cases underwent the early drainage removal even if the pelvic drainage volume was more than 50 mL/day. Among these forty‐one cases, twenty‐five drainage tubes were removed when drainage volume was more than 100 mL/day. All the forty‐one cases with pelvic drainage volume greater than 50 mL/day were successfully managed with the early drainage removal. No paracentesis or drainage placement was required. No re‐admission occured during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

It is safe to manage the high‐volume pelvic lymphatic leakage by early clamping of the drainage tube, ultrasonography assessment of no significant residual fluid in the abdominal and pelvic cavity, and then the early removal of the drainage tube.
Cross‐sectional survey of sources of information accompanying veterinary product advertisements in two professional print publications
Authors: White Constance , Basham Natasha , Floyd Simran , Morrow Lisa , Dean Rachel S. , Brennan Marnie L.
Published: February 2024

Background

Veterinarians should be able to easily access scientific evidence about medical products and devices to incorporate into their clinical decision making. While the characteristics and quality of supporting information accompanying device and pharmaceutical advertisements have been studied in human medicine, little is known about this topic in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to characterise the supporting information provided by manufacturers of prescribed products, tests or devices in promotional material found in two commonly read UK‐based veterinary publications.

Methods

Advertisements contained in issues of two veterinary periodicals published between July 2017 and July 2018 were analysed for advertisement and product characteristics and for items of accompanying information. Literature searches were conducted to assess the availability of peer‐reviewed sources of information on advertised products.

Results

A minority (16%) of the 451 analysed advertisements were accompanied by references to peer‐reviewed literature, despite the availability of scientific literature for many of the products advertised.

Limitation

This study sampled two professional publications over a narrow time period.

Conclusions

There may be insufficient evidence being provided to veterinary professionals via marketing features; this may limit the accessibility of scientific information for clinical decision making around advertised products.
Outcomes of COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis epidemic in India: A prospective 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Yadav Vishav , Bhagat Sanjeev , Goel Khushboo , Sibia Raminderpal S. , Sharma Dinesh K. , Sidhu Talvir , Rajdev Saivi , Aggarwal Ankita
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to study the various outcomes among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) in terms of morbidity and mortality.

Methods

A prospective study was done on 107 patients (60 male, 47 female) in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Patiala, India, diagnosed with CAM from April 2021 to August 2021. The patients were managed both medically and surgically. The follow‐up was done up to 2 years to assess the various outcomes.

Results

Out of 107 patients, short‐term (3 months) survival was 68.22%, and long‐term (2 years) survival was 52.34%. Overall mortality was 47.66%, with short‐term mortality of 31.77% and long‐term mortality of 15.89%. Eye loss was seen in 17 patients, residual ophthalmoplegia in 12, palatal loss in 15, depression in 56, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in two, and recurrence in two patients.

Conclusions

In conclusion, despite early management and successful initial outcome, the patients are still haunted by the after‐effects of CAM like residual morbidity in terms of eye and palate loss, ophthalmoplegia, and depression. Delayed mortality has also been noticed over 2 years of follow‐up.
Abundance estimates of Gunnison's prairie dogs compared to the number of active burrows
Authors: Facka Aaron N. , Lonsinger Robert C. , Roemer Gary W.
Published: February 2024

Reliable estimates of prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) population size and distribution are critical for assessing the status of prairie dogs and for selecting sites to reintroduce black‐footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). The density of active prairie dog burrows has commonly been used as an index of prairie dog abundance. Indices derived from active burrow counts were developed for black‐tailed (C. ludovicianus) and white‐tailed (C. leucurus) prairie dogs, but their efficacy has not been evaluated for all prairie dog species and studies affirming their validity with robust abundance estimators are few. We indexed or estimated the abundance of Gunnison's prairie dogs (C. gunnisoni) in the Aubrey Valley, Arizona, USA, in 2006 at 2 different time periods using 4 different methods—maximum above ground counts (MAGC), minimum number known alive (MNKA), capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR), and mark‐resight—and compared these estimates to active burrow counts in 2005 and 2006. We found no positive relationship between active burrow counts and any abundance estimators. Mark‐resight estimates of abundance were greater than the MNKA and were positively correlated with both the MNKA (r2 = 0.30) and CMR estimates (r2 = 0.49). Both CMR estimates and MAGC were typically below the MNKA and therefore biased low. Our results indicated that more rigorous estimation methods may be necessary to accurately estimate prairie dog abundance and assess habitat quality for ferret conservation.