bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undiagnosed comorbidities among individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 in South African public hospitals
Authors: Jassat W , Mudara C , Vika C , Dryden M , Masha M , Arendse T , Groome MJ , Moultrie H , Ismail F , Mvusi L , Singh S , Sayed B , Parker A , Black J , Potgieter S , Cohen C , Blumberg L
Published: August 2022

Background. Previous studies have reported comorbid disease, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic cardiac and renal disease, malignancy, HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and obesity, to be associated with COVID‑19 mortality. National demographic surveys have reported a high proportion of undiagnosed and untreated comorbid disease in South Africa (SA).Objectives. To determine the number of individuals with previously undiagnosed HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among patients hospitalised with COVID‑19, and the level of medical control of these chronic diseases.Methods. We conducted a sentinel surveillance study to collect enhanced data on HIV, TB and NCDs among individuals with COVID‑19 admitted to 16 secondary-level public hospitals in six of the nine provinces of SA. Trained surveillance officers approached all patients who met the surveillance case definition for inclusion in the study, and consenting patients were enrolled. The data collection instrument included questions on past medical history to determine the self-reported presence of comorbidities. The results of clinical and laboratory testing introduced as part of routine clinical care for hospitalised COVID‑19 patients were collected for the study, to objectively determine the presence of hypertension, diabetes, HIV and TB and the levels of control of diabetes and HIV.Results. On self-reported history, the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (n=1 658; 51.5%), diabetes (n=855; 26.6%) and HIV (n=603; 18.7%). The prevalence of self-reported active TB was 3.1%, and that of previous TB 5.5%. There were 1 254 patients admitted with COVID‑19 (39.0%) who met the body mass index criteria for obesity. On clinical and laboratory testing, 87 patients were newly diagnosed with HIV, 29 with TB, 215 with diabetes and 40 with hypertension during their COVID‑19 admission. There were 151/521 patients living with HIV (29.0%) with a viral load >1 000 copies/mL and 309/570 (54.2%) with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL. Among 901 patients classified as having diabetes, 777 (86.2%) had a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥6.5%.Conclusion. The study revealed a high prevalence of comorbid conditions among individuals with COVID‑19 admitted to public hospitals in SA. In addition, a significant number of patients had previously undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes, HIV and active TB, and many and poorly controlled chronic disease, as evidenced by high HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes, and high viral loads and low CD4 levels in patients with HIV. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening health systems and care cascades for chronic disease management, which include prevention, screening for and effectively treating comorbidities, and ensuring secure and innovative supplies of medicines in primary healthcare during the COVID‑19 pandemic.
Electrical Conductivity of Composites from Polymer Poly(Ethylene Oxide) and Nematic Liquid Crystals E8
Authors: Vlakhov Todor , Marinov Yordan , Hadjichristov Georgi , Scaramuzza Nicola
Published: August 2022

The electrical conductivity of thin films (150 μm) of composites produced from polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and nematic liquid crystals E8 (in compositional ratio PEO:E8 = 70:30 wt%) was studied by means of complex electrical impedance spectroscopy in the range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Both ion conductivity and alternating-current conductivity of PEO/E8 films were determined as depending on temperature in the room-temperature region 25–50◦C. The results show that the ion-conductive PEO/E8 composite is a promising material for electronic applications.
Recent hydraulic bridge failures in China: review and discussion
Authors:   College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dalian University, Dalian (China),, Qin Sifeng ,   National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Bridge and Tunnel Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian (China),,   State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian (China)
Published: August 2022

This paper studies 123 hydraulic bridge failures in China from 1998 to 2018. The geographic distribution, age distribution, bridge type distribution, time distribution and the hydraulic bridge failure causes are analyzed. Six typical failure cases of hydraulic bridges are analyzed in detail. 100 hydraulic bridge failures occurred in southern China so hydraulic bridge failures are much more common in this area. The average service life of these bridges is 28.9 years. The beam bridge accounts for the largest proportion of hydraulic bridge failure because 71 (57.7%) beam bridges were destroyed by flood. Hydraulic bridge failure mainly occurred between 2009 and 2014, which was related to the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake. The incidents major causes include unexpected flood, earthquake, old bridge, over sand exploitation, low awareness of hydraulic bridge damage, extreme morphology of the river, etc. There are both natural factors and man-made factors. These results show that three aspects should be paid attention to: (1) unexpected flood; (2) appropriate bridge type; and (3) extreme morphology of the river.
Model studies on recycled whole rubber tyre reinforced granular fillings on weak soil
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, İnönü University, Malatya (Türkiye), Geckil Tacettin , Sarici Talha ,   Department of Civil Engineering, İnönü University, Malatya (Türkiye), OK Bahadir ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana (Türkiye)
Published: August 2022

The main purpose of this study is to determine the stress-strain behaviour of a rigid circular footing placed on recycled rubber tyre-reinforced granular filling built on weak soil. For this purpose, model plate loading tests were carried out on reinforced/unreinforced granular filling built with natural aggregates (NA) or construction and demolition waste materials (CDW). The rubber tyre used for reinforcement has become a waste material by completing its service life but it has retained its typical cylindrical shape. In model plate loading tests, the effects of the granular fillings, the type of fillings material and the placement of whole rubber tyre and/or geotextile in the granular fillings were investigated. Depending on the results of tests, it was determined that the bearing capacity was increased by reinforcing with the rubber tyre and/or the geotextile. Furthermore, it was specified that the highest increase in bearing capacity was occurred case of by reinforcing with the geotextile together with the rubber tyre of the granular filling. The CDW and the NA fills reinforced with geotextile together with the rubber tyre increased the bearing capacity of weak soils by 6.59 and 8.49 times, respectively, for the 5% deformation ratio. On the other hand, it was reported that although the bearing capacity of the NA was higher than that of the CDW, the bearing capacity of the reinforced CDW approached that of the NA.
Investigation of rutting, fatigue and cracking resistance parame-ters of CR modified warm asphalt binders compare with SBS modified binders
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli (Türkiye), Akpolat Mustafa
Published: August 2022

This study compares the rutting and cracking resistance and fatigue parameters of crumb rubber (CR) modified warm asphalt binders, which were determined by viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) theory. The effect of the combination of CR modification and Sasobit, a warm mix additive, was investigated. Performance of CR + Sasobit compound was compared with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modification. Newly developed rheological tests such as multi stress creep recovery (MSCR), lineer amplitude sweep (LAS) and conventional tests were applied to modified binders. It was determined that the CR + Sasobit modified binders improved the rutting parameter better in comparison to SBS-added binders. Although the CR additive improved the rheological properties of the binder at low and medium temperatures, this effect was reduced when used with Sasobit additive. Sasobit additive increased the stiffness and decreased the fatigue parameter at low temperatures. Besides, the results of the LAS test revealed that at high strain values ​​(i.e.> 6%), the fatigue life of CR and Sasobit modified binders was lower than the fatigue life of the pure binder. In other words, CR and Sasobit modified binders could not preserve material integrity.
Integration of discrete event simulation with other modeling techniques to simulate construction engineering and management: an overview
Authors:   Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso (Chile), Araya Felipe
Published: August 2022

Although Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been the preferred simulation technique in construction operation studies, it suffers from limitations, such as narrowed focus at the operational level. To minimize the effect of DES limitations, researchers have proposed the integration of DES with other simulation techniques, such as agent-based modeling (ABM), system dynamics (SD), and virtual environments (VE). However, limited studies have discussed whether this integration process minimizes DES’ limitations and to what extent. This study summarizes 99 journal manuscripts in the existing literature published between 2010-2020, focusing on integrating DES with ABM, SD, and VE. This study found that the integration of DES with ABM, SD, and VE addressed multiple of DES’ limitations, namely, the lack of human behaviors in process-oriented modeling, the limited strategic perspective, and challenges related to the verification and validation of DES models’ outputs. Ultimately, this study calls for future studies to evaluate the simultaneous integration of DES, ABM, and SD modeling techniques so the complexity of construction projects can be truly accounted for, as comprehensive simulation tools will require the integration of multiple methods to counterbalance their limitations.
Investigation on behavior and seismic performance of reduced beam sections
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş (Turkiye), Ermeydan İbrahim , İlker Akgönen Alirıza ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş (Turkiye)
Published: August 2022

Engineers prefer reduced beam section (RBS) connections in steel moment frames built in earthquake zones due to their many benefits. The RBS shape design significantly affects joint behavior. This paper examines the effect of RBS geometry on joint behavior and seismic performance using ANSYS finite element analysis software. RBS connections are investigated using European profiles and steel grades due to the limited number of studies using European profiles in the literature. The simulation study is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, an experimental study in the literature is simulated, and the reliability of the created finite element model is checked. In the second stage, geometric changes are made to the verified numerical model, and the obtained new models are examined under monotonic loading to observe the effect of RBS geometry on moment-rotation behavior. In the third stage, the effect of the change in the RBS geometry on the seismic performance is investigated under cyclic loading. As a result of the study, the effects of various changes made in the RBS geometry on the joint behavior and seismic performance are presented graphically. By using the results of the analysis under monotonic loading, the regression analysis is carried out, and the formulas giving the elastic-plastic stiffness, elastic moment capacity, and elastic rotation angle of the support are derived. Besides, simulation models show that the RBS joints' seismic performance met the minimum criteria specified in the earthquake code (AISC/ANSI 341-16) when European steel profiles and quality are applied.
Effects of particle size optimization of quartz sand on rheology and ductility of engineered cementitious composites
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla (Türkiye), Karaca Hüseyin , Tekin Kamil ,   Civil Engineering Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla (Türkiye), Bahadır Keskin Süleyman ,   Civil Engineering Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla (Türkiye), Kasap Keskin Özlem ,   Civil Engineering Department, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla (Türkiye)
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of particle size of quartz sand on the fresh and hardened properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) was investigated. For this purpose, three ECC mixtures that are identical except for the gradation of quartz sands used in their composition were designed. One of the mixtures includes a combination of quartz sands with amounts determined by the Andreasen and Andersen particle size optimization model while the remaining two have a finer and a coarser gradation. In the fresh state, mini slump, mini V-funnel and bleeding tests were applied, and rheological parameters were determined according to Bingham and modified Bingham models by using a rotational viscometer. In the hardened state, flexural strengths, mid-span deflections and numbers of microcracks formed under flexural loading were determined at 7 and 28 days. It was observed that the particle size optimization of the quartz sand can provide a balance between flow and bleeding characteristics of ECC mixtures. Although a reduction in flexural strength occurred at both ages in the optimized ECC mixture, the deflection capacity and the crack formation capacity under loading were significantly increased, reaching a deflection value of over 10 mm with at least 11 cracks formed during the test. As a result, it was revealed that particle size optimization can yield a mixture with the highest ductility without compromising the workability of ECC.
Prescription Practices of Antifungal Agents at Gynaecology and Oncology Departments of a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hamasaki Kayo , Hussein Zaomba , Okamo Bernard , Mwita Stanley , Katabaro Deogratius , Mshana Stephen E , Mushi Martha F
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Irrational antifungals prescription results in inappropriate use of antifungals, leading to emergence of antifungal resistance. Aim: To determine the prescription patterns of antifungal agents in gynaecology and oncology departments of the tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective hospital-based study involving files of patients who attended gynaecology and oncology department of Bugando Medical Centre between January 2017 and December 2017. All files of patients with fungal infections were analysed. Checklist was used to collect information such as clinical diagnosis, age, name of antifungal, number of antifungals, dosage form and dose frequency. Descriptive analysis was done using STATA version 13.0. Results: A total of 1,070 files of patients who attended gynaecology and oncology departments in the year 2017 were retrieved, of which 860 (80.4%) were from patients who attended gynaecology department. A total of 156 (14.6%) files out of 1,070 were of patients with fungal infections. Of the patients from gynaecology 116 (n=860, 13.48%) had fungal infection. While of the patients from oncology 40 (n=210, 19.1%) had fungal infection. The most common fungal infection diagnosed were vaginal candidiasis 112 (96.6%) and oral candidiasis 33 (82.5%) from gynaecology and oncology department, respectively. Common antifungal prescribed were azoles (clotrimazole 56.9% in gynaecology and fluconazole 37.5% in oncology). The prevalence of irrational antifungal prescription in gynaecology and oncology departments was 22.4% (26/116) and 20% (8/40), respectively. Conclusion: About one in five antifungal prescriptions for vaginal candidiasis in gynaecology and oral candidiasis in oncology are irrational as evidenced in standard treatment guideline. Clinicians should adhere to the national standard treatment guidelines in order to reduce irrational prescriptions of antifungal agents.
Study of ER, PR and VEGF Expression in Endometrial Epithelial Neoplasms and its Association with Histological Stage and Grade of Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Rahaman SK Samim , Hazra Rathin , Chakrabarti Nirmalya , Bar Prasenjit Kumar
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Exogenous or endogenous estrogen induces hyperplastic endometrium which presents with abnormal uterine bleeding. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia is the precursor for endometrial carcinoma. In case of invasive carcinoma, Rstrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) expressions are commonly diminished but their expressions are generally increased in high grade and high stage endometrial carcinomas. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a crucial promoter of angiogenesis in endometrial carcinogenesis, is associated with poor prognosis. This study is needed for assessment of biological behaviour of endometrial epithelial neoplasms and application of targeted antiangiogenic therapy. Aim: 1. Immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, and VEGF in normal endometrium, hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. 2. Association of the changes in immunohistochemical expression with grade and stage of endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional, non interventional, retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology along with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of N R S Medical College, Kolkata, from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 comprising of 51 cases. In the present study, histopathological diagnosis was made for each endometrial lesion with grading and staging of endometrial carcinoma followed by immunohistochemical evaluation, performed on the representative sections using monoclonal antibody. Chi-square test and Z-test were used to observe the association of different study variables and to see the significant difference between two proportions. The p value of<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 51endometrial samples, eight cases had proliferative endometrium, 14 cases had endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, five cases had atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 24 cases had endometrial carcinoma. ER and PR expression was seen less in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma than in benign proliferative endometrium and there was statistically significant association present between PR expression and histopathological diagnosis. All cases of grade-1 endometrial carcinoma showed ER and PR positivity and decreasing expression in higher grades-2 and 3, but were not statistically significant. Expression of VEGF in the groups of endometrial carcinoma (91.7%) and atypical hyperplasia (80%) was significantly increased in comparison with the groups of normal proliferative endometrium (37.5%) showing a significant statistical association. VEGF expression had no statistical association with grade and stage of endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion: ER, PR and VEGF were effectively associated with prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Spectra of weighted composition operators induced by automorphisms
Authors:   School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China \textit{and} School of Mathematics, Tianjin University,\break Tianjin 300354, P.R. China, Gao Yong-Xin , Zhou Ze-Hua ,   School of Mathematics, Tianjin Univ., Tianjin 300354, P.R. China
Published: August 2022

In this paper we will give some results about the spectra of non-invertible weighted composition operators induced by automorphisms on several Hilbert spaces, such as Hardy space H2(D) and weighted Bergman spaces A2α(D).
Simplicity criteria for \'etale groupoid C∗-algebras
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, St. Lawrence University, 23 Romoda Drive, Canton, NY 13617, U.S.A., Crytser Danny , Nagy Gabriel ,   Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, 1228 N. 17th Street, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

We develop a framework suitable for obtaining simplicity criteria for reduced C∗-algebras of Hausdorff \'etale groupoids. This is based on the study of certain non-degenerate C∗-subalgebras (in the case of groupoids, the C∗-algebra of the interior isotropy bundle), for which one can control (non-unique) state extensions to the ambient C∗-algebra. As an application, we give simplicity criteria for reduced crossed products C0(Q)⋊redG by discrete groups.
Spectral characterization of Jordan--Segal isomorphisms of quantum observables
Authors:   Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Aradi v\'ertan\'uk tere 1, Hungary \textit{and} Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary, Moln\'ar Lajos
Published: August 2022

We present characterizations of isomorphisms of Jordan algebras of quantum observables using only certain spectrum-preserving properties without assuming any kind of linearity. Similar problems involving the norm in the place of the spectrum are also studied.
Phase transitions on C∗-algebras arising from number fields and the generalized Furstenberg conjecture
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Canada, Laca Marcelo , Warren Jacqueline M. ,   Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

We describe the low-temperature extremal KMS states of the semigroup C∗-algebra of the ax+b semigroup of algebraic integers in a number field in terms of ergodic invariant measures for certain groups of linear toral automorphisms. We classify different behaviours in terms of the ideal class group, the degree, and the unit rank of the field and we also obtain an explicit description of the primitive ideal space of the associated transformation group C∗-algebra for number fields of unit rank at least 2 that are not complex multiplication fields.
Characterization of invariant subspaces in the polydisc
Authors:   Indian Statistical Institute, Statistics and Mathematics Unit, 8th Mile, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560059, India, Maji Amit , Mundayadan Aneesh ,   Indian Statistical Institute, Statistics and Mathematics Unit, 8th Mile, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560059, India, Sarkar Jaydeb ,   ndian Statistical Institute, Statistics and Mathematics Unit, 8th Mile, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560059, India, Sankar T.R. ,   Indian Statistical Institute, Statistics and Mathematics Unit, 8th Mile, Mysore Road, Bangalore, 560059, India
Published: August 2022

We give a complete characterization of invariant subspaces for (Mz1,…,Mzn) on the Hardy space H2(Dn) over the unit polydisc Dn in Cn, n>1. In particular, this yields a complete set of unitary invariants for invariant subspaces for (Mz1,…,Mzn) on H2(Dn). As a consequence, we classify a large class of n-tuples of commuting isometries. All of our results hold for vector-valued Hardy spaces over Dn, n>1.
The square root of nonnegative selfadjoint linear relations in Hilbert spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Informatics,\break ``Gheorghe Asachi'' Technical University of Ia\c{s}i, Ia\c{s}i, B-dul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Romania, Roman Marcel , Sandovici Adrian ,   Department of Mathematics and Informatics,\break ``Gheorghe Asachi'' Technical University of Ia\c{s}i, Ia\c{s}i, B-dul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Romania
Published: August 2022

An elementary construction of the square root of nonnegative selfadjoint linear relations in Hilbert spaces is presented.
Commutators close to the identity
Authors:   UCLA Department of Math., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, U.S.A., Tao Terence
Published: August 2022

Let D,X∈B(H) be bounded operators on an infinite dimensional Hilbert space H. If the commutator [D,X]=DX−XD lies within ε in operator norm of the identity operator 1B(H), then it was observed by Popa that one has the lower bound ∥D∥∥X∥⩾12log1ε on the product of the operator norms of D,X; this is a quantitative version of the Wintner--Wielandt theorem that 1B(H) cannot be expressed as the commutator of bounded operators. On the other hand, it follows easily from the work of Brown and Pearcy that one can construct examples in which ∥D∥∥X∥=O(ε−2). In this note, we improve the Brown--Pearcy construction to obtain examples of D,X with ∥[D,X]−1B(H)∥⩽ε and ∥D∥∥X∥=O(log51ε).
Inverse and implicit function theorems for noncommutative functions on operator domains
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, U.S.A., Mancuso Mark E.
Published: August 2022

Classically, a noncommutative function is defined on a graded domain of tuples of square matrices. In this note, we introduce a notion of a noncommutative function defined on a domain Ω⊂B(H)d, where H is an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. Inverse and implicit function theorems in this setting are established. When these operatorial noncommutative functions are suitably continuous in the strong operator topology, a noncommutative dilation-theoretic construction is used to show that the assumptions on their derivatives may be relaxed from boundedness below to injectivity.
A few observations on Weaver's quantum relations
Authors:   LBBP, Univ. of Clermont Auvergne,\break 3 place Vasarely Aubi{\`e}re Cedex, 63178, France, Gonz\'alez-P\'erez Adri\'an M.
Published: August 2022

Recently, a notion of quantum relation over a von Neumann algebra M has been introduced by Weaver. That definition generalizes the concept of a relation over a set. We prove that quantum relations over M are in bijective correspondence with weakly closed left ideals in M⊗ehM, where ⊗eh represents the extended Haagerup tensor product. The key step of the proof is showing a double annihilator relation between operator bimodules and the bimodular maps annihilating them. As an application, we study invariant quantum relations over a group von Neumann algebra.
Convergence of Heisenberg modules over quantum 2-tori for the modular Gromov-Hausdorff propinquity
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Denver, Denver CO 80208, U.S.A., Latremoliere Frederic
Published: August 2022

The modular Gromov-Hausdorff propinquity is a distance on clas\-ses of modules endowed with quantum metric information, in the form of a metric form of a connection and a left Hilbert module structure. This paper proves that the family of Heisenberg modules over quantum two tori, when endowed with their canonical connections, form a continuous family for the modular propinquity.
Groupoid algebras as covariance algebras
Authors:   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand, Orloff Clark Lisa , Fletcher James ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
Published: August 2022

Suppose G is a second-countable locally compact Hausdorff \'{e}tale groupoid, G is a discrete group containing a unital subsemigroup P, and c:G→G is a continuous cocycle. We derive conditions on the cocycle such that the reduced groupoid C∗-algebra C∗r(G) may be realised as the covariance algebra of a product system over P with coefficient algebra C∗r(c−1(e)). When (G,P) is a quasi-lattice ordered group, we also derive conditions that allow C∗r(G) to be realised as the Cuntz--Nica--Pimsner algebra of a compactly aligned product system.
Protecting points from operator pencils
Authors:   Fakultaet fuer Mathematik, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany, Seelmann Albrecht , Taufer Matthias ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, U.K., Veseli Kresimir ,   Fakultaet fuer Mathematik und Informatik, Fernuniversitaet Hagen, Hagen, D-58084, Germany
Published: August 2022

We classify all sets of the form ⋃t∈Rspec(A+tB) where A and B are self-adjoint operators and B is bounded, non-negative, and non-zero. We show that these sets are exactly the complements of discrete subsets of R, that is, of at most countable subsets of R that contain none of their accumulation points.
Free Stein irregularity and dimension
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A., Charlesworth Ian , Nelson Brent ,   Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

We introduce a free probabilistic quantity called free Stein irregularity, which is defined in terms of free Stein discrepancies. It turns out that this quantity is related via a simple formula to the Murray-von Neumann dimension of the closure of the domain of the adjoint of the non-commutative Jacobian associated to Voiculescu's free difference quotients. We call this dimension the free Stein dimension, and show that it is a ∗-algebra invariant. We relate these quantities to the free Fisher information, the non-microstates free entropy, and the non-microstates free entropy dimension. In the one-variable case, we show that the free Stein dimension agrees with the free entropy dimension, and in the multivariable case compute it in a number of examples.
The atoms of operator-valued free convolutions
Authors:   Institute de Mathematiques de Toulouse, Belinschi Serban T. ,   UMR5219,   Universite de Toulouse,   CNRS,   UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France, Bercovici Hari ,   Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A., Liu Weihua ,   Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave., P.O. Box 210089, Tucson, AZ 85721-0089 U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

Suppose that X1 and X2 are two selfadjoint random variables that are freely independent over an operator algebra B. We describe the possible operator atoms of the distribution of X1+X2 and, using linearization, we determine the possible eigenvalues of an arbitrary polynomial p(X1,X2) in case B=C.
Fredholm conditions for invariant operators: finite abelian groups and boundary value problems
Authors:   Universite Lorraine, 57000 Metz, France, Baldare Alexandre , Come Remi ,   Universite Lorraine, 57000 Metz, France, Lesch Matthias ,   Mathematisches Institut, Univ. Bonn, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Nistor Victor ,   Universite Lorraine, 57000 Metz, France
Published: August 2022

Let Γ be a finite abelian group acting on a smooth, compact manifold M without boundary and let P∈ψm(M;E0,E1) be a Γ-invariant, classical, pseudodifferential operator acting between sections of two Γ-equivariant vector bundles. Let α be an irreducible representation of Γ. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the restriction πα(P):Hs(M;E0)α→Hs−m(M;E1)α of P between the α-isotypical components of Sobolev spaces to be Fredholm.
Extreme contractions on finite-dimensional polygonal Banach spaces. II
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kol-kata, 700032, India, Ray Anubhab , Roy Saikat ,   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India, Bagchi Satya ,   Department of Mathematics, National Institute of\break Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, India, Sain Debmalya ,   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
Published: August 2022

We introduce the concept of weak L-P property for a pair of Banach spaces, in the study of extreme contractions. We give examples of pairs of Banach spaces (not) satisfying weak L-P property and apply the concept to compute the exact number of extreme contractions between a particular pair of polygonal Banach spaces. We also study the optimality of our results on the newly introduced weak L-P property for a pair of Banach spaces, by considering appropriate examples.
Hypercyclic shift factorizations for bilateral weighted shift operators
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, 43403, U.S.A., Chan Kit C. , Sanders Rebecca ,   Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, 53201, U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

Taking the perspective that a bilateral weighted shift is an operator that shifts some two-sided canonical basic sequence of ℓp(Z), with 1⩽p<∞, we show that every bilateral weighted shift on ℓp(Z) has a factorization T=AB, where A and B are hypercyclic bilateral weighted shifts. For the case when T is invertible, both shifts A and B may be selected to be invertible as well. Moreover, we show analogous hypercyclic factorization results for diagonal operators with nonzero diagonal entries.
The convolution algebra of Schwartz kernels along a singular foliation
Authors:   National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Mathematics, Panepistimiopolis, GR-15784 Athens, Greece, Androulidakis Iakovos , Mohsen Omar ,   Mathematisches Institut der WWU Muenster, Einsteinstrasse 62, 48149 Muenster, Germany, Yuncken Robert Yuncken ,   Laboratoire de Mathematiques Blaise Pascal, Universite Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMBP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Published: August 2022

Motivated by the study of H\"ormander's sums-of-squares operators and their generalizations, we define the convolution algebra of transverse distributions associated to a singular foliation. We prove that this algebra is represented as continuous linear operators on the spaces of smooth functions and generalized functions on the underlying manifold, and on the leaves and their holonomy covers. This generalizes Schwartz kernel operators to singular foliations. We also define the algebra of smoothing operators in this context and prove that it is a two-sided ideal.
ℓ1-contractive maps on noncommutative Lp-spaces
Authors:   Laboratoire de Mathematiques de Besancon, Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, France, Le Merdy Christian , Zadeh Safoura ,   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
Published: August 2022

Let T:Lp(M)→Lp(N) be a bounded operator between two noncommutative Lp-spaces, 1⩽p<∞. We say that T is ℓ1-bounded (respectively ℓ1-contractive) if T⊗Iℓ1 extends to a bounded (respectively contractive) map from Lp(M;ℓ1) into Lp(N;ℓ1). We show that Yeadon's factorization theorem for Lp-isometries, 1⩽p≠2<∞, applies to an isometry T:L2(M)→L2(N) if and only if T is ℓ1-contractive. We also show that a contractive operator T:Lp(M)→Lp(N) is automatically ℓ1-contractive if it satisfies one of the following two conditions: either T is 2-positive; or T is separating, that is, for any disjoint a,b∈Lp(M) (i.e.\ a∗b=ab∗=0), the images T(a),T(b) are disjoint as well.
Von Neumann algebras of sofic groups with β(2)1=0 are strongly 1-bounded
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A., Shlyakhtenko Dimitri
Published: August 2022

We show that if Γ is a finitely generated finitely presented sofic group with zero first L2-Betti number, then the von Neumann algebra L(Γ) is strongly 1-bounded in the sense of Jung. In particular, L(Γ)≆L(Λ) if Λ is any group with free entropy dimension >1, for example a free group. The key technical result is a short proof of an estimate of Jung
The scaling Hamiltonian
Authors:   Coll\'ege de France, 3 rue Ulm, 75005, Paris, France, I.H.E.S. 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France, \emph{and} Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A., Connes Alain , Consani Caterina ,   Department of Mathematics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, U.S.A.
Published: August 2022

We reconcile, at the semi-classical level, the original spectral realization of zeros of the Riemann zeta function as an ``absorption'' picture using the ad\`ele class space, with the ``emission'' semi-classical computations of Berry and Keating. We then use the quantized calculus to analyse the recent attempt of X.-J.~Li at proving Weil's positivity, and explain its limit. Finally, we propose an operator theoretic semi-local framework directly related to the Riemann hypothesis.
The Weyl calculus for group generators satisfying the canonical commutation relations
Authors:   Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands, Neerven Jan van , Portal Pierre ,   The Australian National University, Mathematical Sciences Institute, Hanna Neumann Building, Acton ACT 0200, Australia
Published: August 2022

We generalise the classical Weyl pseudo-differential calculus on Rd to the setting of two d-tuples of operators A=(A1,…,Ad) and B=(B1,…,Bd) acting on a Banach space generating bounded C0-groups satisfying the Weyl canonical commutation relations. We show that the resulting Weyl calculus extends to symbols in the standard symbol class S0 provided appropriate bounds can be established. Using transference techniques we obtain boundedness of the H∞-functional calculus (and even the H\"ormander calculus), for the abstract harmonic oscillator L=12d∑j=1(A2j+B2j)−12d.
A Study of Lateral Resistance of Block Breakwater Combined with Piles
Authors: Lee Won-Hyo , Kwon Soon-Goo , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: August 2022

Three-dimensional FEM numerical analysis was performed to understand the behaviors of blocks and piles according to the horizontal load for the block breakwater combined with piles. The Modified Mohr-Coulomb model, the improved version of the Mohr-Coulomb model, was applied for the ground modeling. The cases when the pile is embedded only into the block, embedded to the riprap layer (H = 4.29 cm), and embedded to the ground down to 2H, 3H, and 4H were examined. The results of the laboratory model experiment and the numerical analysis showed similar horizontal resistance force-displacement behaviors. The pile showed rotational behavior up to the embedment depth of 1H~2H and bending behavior in the case of 3H~4H depth embedment. When the embedment depth of the pile is 3H or more, the pile shows a bending behavior, so it can be considered that the pile contributes significantly to the horizontal resistance of the block breakwater. The results of this study will be used for various numerical analyses for real-size structure design.
Prediction of Salinity of Nakdong River Estuary Using Deep Learning Algorithm (LSTM) for Time Series Analysis
Authors: Woo Joung Woon , Kim Yeon Joong , Yoon Jong Sung
Published: August 2022

Nakdong river estuary is being operated with the goal of expanding the period of seawater inflow from this year to 2022 every month and creating a brackish water area within 15 km of the upstream of the river bank. In this study, the deep learning algorithm Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was applied to predict the salinity of the Nakdong Bridge (about 5 km upstream of the river bank) for the purpose of rapid decision making for the target brackish water zone and prevention of salt water damage. Input data were constructed to reflect the temporal and spatial characteristics of the Nakdong River estuary, such as the amount of discharge from Changnyeong and Hamanbo, and an optimal model was constructed in consideration of the hydraulic characteristics of the Nakdong River Estuary by changing the degree according to the sequence length. For prediction accuracy, statistical analysis was performed using the coefficient of determination (R-squred) and RMSE (root mean square error). When the sequence length was 12, the R-squred 0.997 and RMSE 0.122 were the highest, and the prior prediction time showed a high degree of R-squred 0.93 or more until the 12-hour interval.
Qual o papel dos zoológicos? As concepções de uma equipe de educação ambiental
Authors: Carvalho Nicole Wiezel de , Ferreira Bruna Lima , Pereira Marcelo
Published: August 2022

Os zoológicos atualmente desempenham um importante papel educativo. Nestes espaços, as atividades educativas são desenvolvidas por uma equipe de educação ambiental composta por mediadores, cujas concepções orientam sua prática profissional. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar quais as concepções dos mediadores de um zoológico do interior de São Paulo acerca do papel da instituição zoológica. Foram analisados textos escritos e orais produzidos pelos mediadores durante um encontro de formação. Os dados demonstram que os principais papéis concebidos estão atrelados à existência de “quatro pilares”: conservação, educação, pesquisa e lazer; além de uma quinta função identificada como a aproximação das pessoas ao meio ambiente. No entanto, estes “quatro pilares” foram citados superficialmente, o que ressalta a importância de momentos que permitam que os mediadores possam discutir e (re)significar suas concepções sobre o papel dos zoológicos e como abordá-lo em suas práticas educativas. Frente à inúmeras responsabilidades e desafios, os zoológicos devem ter clareza sobre seus papéis e é importante que eles sejam explicitados à sociedade por meio da educação.
A Educação Física no Novo Ensino Médio Baiano: uma análise documental
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano de Souza , Ribeiro Alexsandro Rabaioli Nunes
Published: August 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as mudanças que estão ocorrendo no Novo Ensino Médio baiano, especificamente no componente curricular Educação Física. Para tanto, foi realizada análise documental da Lei nº 13.415/17, da Base Nacional Comum Curricular e das Orientações Para Implementação do Novo Ensino Médio na Bahia. A análise documental visa buscar informações concretas nos diversos documentos selecionados como corpus da pesquisa. A análise mostrou que houve redução significativa na carga horária destinada a educação física, gerando um grande desafio por conta da complexidade do componente e, que devido à nova estrutura curricular, o aprendizado dos conteúdos dependerá de fatores subjetivos de professores, coordenadores pedagógicos e gestão escolar, além de aspectos estruturais, que em sua grande maioria ainda estão relacionados ao velho ensino médio. A implementação do Novo Ensino Médio na Bahia pode trazer novos caminhos ou dificultar o acesso ao conhecimento sobre a cultura corporal nas escolas, apesar de os documentos apresentarem os caminhos, ainda há muitas incertezas quando ao sucesso da materialização.
Stolen elections: How conspiracy beliefs during the 2020 American presidential elections changed over time
Authors: Wang Haiyan , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem
Published: August 2022

Conspiracy beliefs have been studied mostly through cross‐sectional designs. We conducted a five‐wave longitudinal study (N = 376; two waves before and three waves after the 2020 American presidential elections) to examine if the election results influenced specific conspiracy beliefs and conspiracy mentality, and whether effects differ between election winners (i.e., Biden voters) versus losers (i.e., Trump voters) at the individual level. Results revealed that conspiracy mentality kept unchanged over 2 months, providing first evidence that this indeed is a relatively stable trait. Specific conspiracy beliefs (outgroup and ingroup conspiracy beliefs) did change over time, however. In terms of group‐level change, outgroup conspiracy beliefs decreased over time for Biden voters but increased for Trump voters. Ingroup conspiracy beliefs decreased over time across all voters, although those of Trump voters decreased faster. These findings illuminate how specific conspiracy beliefs are, and conspiracy mentality is not, influenced by an election event.
Mitochondrial‐Targeting Vitamin B3 Ameliorates the Phenotypes of Parkinson's Disease In Vitro and In Vivo by Restoring Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Xin Chenqi , Yang Naidi , Ding Yaqi , Han Linqi , Zhou Zhiqiang , Guo Xiaolu , Fang Zhijie , Bai Hua , Peng Bo , Zhang Chengwu , Li Lin
Published: August 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuron loss, which affects millions of people worldwide, especially elderly individuals. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to be one crucial causative factor of PD. Therefore, restoring mitochondrial function is highly recommended for the treatment of PD. Herein, it is found that vitamin B3 (VB3) protects the dopaminergic cell line SH‐SY5Y against rotenone‐induced apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction. To further improve the efficacy, a derivative of VB3, mitochondrial‐targeting VB3 (Mito‐VB3), is developed. It is demonstrated that Mito‐VB3 rescues SH‐SY5Y cells from the neurotoxicity of oxidative stress. More importantly, Mito‐VB3 ameliorates the phenotypes of the Drosophila PD model. Mechanistically, Mito‐VB3 enhances nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, reduces ROS generation, elevates ATP levels, and restores mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, Mito‐VB3 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by activating the NAD+/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway. In summary, the results demonstrate that Mito‐VB3 displays remarkable neuroprotective effects in the cell and Drosophila PD models and that Mito‐VB3 might serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of PD and other mitochondrial dysfunction‐related diseases.
Global, regional, and national trends of dementia incidence and risk factors, 1990–2019: A Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Avan Abolfazl , Hachinski Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Background

An ample literature documents the growing prevalence of dementia and associated costs. Less attention has been paid to decreased dementia incidence in some countries.

Methods

We analyzed trends in age‐standardized dementia, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (the triple threat) incidence rates and population attributable fraction of death and disability attributable to 12 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 51 regions using Global Burden of Disease 2019 data.

Results

During 1990 to 2019, dementia incidence declined in 71 countries; 18 showed statistically significant declines, ranging from –12.1% (95% uncertainty intervals –16.9 to –6.8) to –2.4% (–4.6 to –0.5). During 2010 to 2019, 16 countries showed non‐significant declines. Globally, the burden of the triple threat attributable to air pollution, dietary risks, non‐optimal temperature, lead exposure, and tobacco use decreased from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusion

The declining incidence of dementia in some countries, despite growing prevalence, is encouraging and urges further investigation.
Diatomic Pd−Cu Metal‐Phosphorus Sites for Complete N≡N Bond Formation in Photoelectrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Sun Jie , Yang Hanxue , Gao Weiqi , Cao Tongcheng , Zhao Guohua
Published: August 2022

The synergistic effect of bimetallic heterogeneous catalysis in the reaction of nitrate reduction to nitrogen has been widely discussed, but it is still not clear how this effect works at the atomic scale, hindering the rational design of high‐performance catalysts. Here, for the first time, 2D phosphorene was used as a giant P ligand to confine high‐density PdCu dual‐atom to form a unique PdCuP4 coordination structure, and this catalyst achieves 96.3 % NO3− removal rate and 95.2 % N2 selectivity. In situ characterization combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the PdCu dual‐atom form covalent‐like bonds with adjacent P atoms, reducing the adsorption energy of the reactants. The synergistic effect of PdCu dual‐atom promotes the breaking of N−O bond, and the short bond length of ≈3 Å between PdCu atoms accelerates the transfer of NO2−, and eventually the two Pd−N adjacent to the surface of Pd rapidly combine to form N2.