bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drought Tolerance Traits in Neotropical Trees Correlate with the Composition of Phyllosphere Fungal Communities
Authors: Cambon Marine C. , Cartry Dinïa , Chancerel Emilie , Ziegler Camille , Levionnois Sebastien , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément , Delzon Sylvain , Buée Marc , Burban Benoit , Cazal Jocelyne , Fort Tania , Goret Jean-Yves , Heuret Patrick , Léger Patrick , Louisanna Elianne , Ritter Yves , Bonal Damien , Roy Mélanie , Schimann Heidy , Vacher Corinne
Published: June 2022

Plant-associated microorganisms have been shown to aid plants in coping with drought. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and there is uncertainty regarding which microbial taxa and functions are mostly involved. We explored these issues in Neotropical rainforests and identified foliar microorganisms that may play a role in drought tolerance of trees. Our objectives were to (i) test the relationship between drought tolerance traits in Neotropical trees and the diversity and composition of their foliar fungal and bacterial communities and (ii) identify leaf microbial taxa positively or negatively associated with drought tolerance traits. Our results showed that the composition of leaf fungal communities but not bacterial communities was related to drought tolerance. We identified 27 fungal amplicon sequence variants whose relative abundance covaried with drought tolerance traits. Most variants were assigned to fungal clades often described as plant pathogens and increased in abundance with drought susceptibility. This greater relative abundance of leaf pathogens in the most drought-susceptible trees might increase their vulnerability to climate change. Moreover, we identified the Strelitziana and Ochroconis fungal genera as potential candidates for future culture-dependent studies aimed at understanding and improving drought tolerance in Neotropical forests.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Measuring the Impact of Cardiotocograph Decision Support Software on Neonatal Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched Observational Study
Authors: Wilson Emily , Dunn Liam , Beckmann Michael , Kumar Sailesh
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021;61:876–881)

Continuous intrapartum cardiotocograph (CTG) monitoring during labor is thought to be a method to prevent fetal hypoxia-related birth injury. Although its use has been associated with fewer neonatal seizures, its impact on perinatal mortality or cerebral palsy is unclear.
Defining Properly Collected Urine: Thresholds to Improve the Accuracy of Urinalysis for Microscopic Hematuria Evaluation in Women
Authors: Chen Andrew , Caron Ashley , Jackson Nicholas J. , Kanji Falisha , Kuhlmann Paige , Le Christina H. , Eilber Karyn S. , Anger Jennifer T. , Ackerman A. Lenore
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Urol 2022;207:385–391)

One of the most common urological referrals from primary care providers is microscopic hematuria (MH). Because previous studies have reported high levels of both skin and vaginal contamination in urine samples required for these tests, this study aimed to assess possible improvements in the diagnosis of MH in women via the utility of catheterized specimens.
Survival With Cemiplimab in Recurrent Cervical Cancer
Authors: Tewari Krishnansu S. , Monk Bradley J. , Vergote Ignace , Miller Austin , de Melo Andreia C. , Kim Hee-Seung , Kim Yong Man , Lisyanskaya Alla , Samouëlian Vanessa , Lorusso Domenica , Damian Fernanda , Chang Chih-Long , Gotovkin Evgeniy A. , Takahashi Shunji , Ramone Daniella , Pikiel Joanna , Maćkowiak-Matejczyk Beata , Alía Eva M. Guerra , Colombo Nicoletta , Makarova Yulia , Rischin Danny , Lheureux Stephanie , Hasegawa Kosei , Fujiwara Keiichi , Li Jingjin , Jamil Shaheda , Jankovic Vladimir , Chen Chieh-I , Seebach Frank , Weinreich David M. , Yancopoulos George D. , Lowy Israel , Mathias Melissa , Fury Matthew G. , Oaknin Ana
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2022;386(6):544–555)

Despite widespread implementation of cervical cancer screening and prevention programs including cytologic assessment and high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection as well as effective vaccines, the incidence of cervical cancer remains high. Treatment varies based on stage and grade and involves a combination of surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, bevacizumab, chemoradiation, and intracavitary brachytherapy.
Who Is Providing Contraception Care in the United States? An Observational Study of the Contraception Workforce
Authors: Chen Candice , Strasser Julia , Banawa Rachel , Luo Qian , Bodas Mandar , Castruccio-Prince Catarina , Das Kirsten , Pittman Patricia
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226:232.e1–232.e11)

The health care workforce that provides contraceptive care in the United States is composed of reproductive health specialists and general primary care providers of various training levels. Access to these services depends on both the local availability of providers and the types of services offered by those providers.
Exploring Social Determinants of Posttraumatic Pain, Distress, Depression, and Recovery Through Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Nonlinear Trends
Authors: Walton David M. , Elliott James M. , Schabrun Siobhan , Modarresi Shirin , Seo Wonjin , May Curtis
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Pain, distress, and depression are predictors of posttrauma pain and recovery. We hypothesized that pretrauma characteristics of the person could predict posttrauma severity and recovery.

Methods:

Sex, age, body mass index, income, education level, employment status, pre-existing chronic pain or psychopathology, and recent life stressors were collected from adults with acute musculoskeletal trauma through self-report. In study 1 (cross-sectional, n=128), pain severity was captured using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), distress through the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) and depression through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In study 2 (longitudinal, n=112) recovery was predicted using scores on the Satisfaction and Recovery Index (SRI) and differences within and between classes were compared with identify pre-existing predictors of posttrauma recovery.

Results:

Through bivariate, linear and nonlinear, and regression analyses, 8.4% (BPI) to 42.9% (PHQ-9) of variance in acute-stage predictors of chronicity was explainable through variables knowable before injury. In study 2 (longitudinal), latent growth curve analysis identified 3 meaningful SRI trajectories over 12 months. Trajectory 1 (start satisfied, stay satisfied [51%]) was identifiable by lower TIDS, BPI, and PHQ-9 scores, higher household income and less likely psychiatric comorbidity. The other 2 trajectories (start dissatisfied, stay dissatisfied [29%] versus start dissatisfied, become satisfied [20%]) were similar across most variables at baseline save for the “become satisfied” group being mean 10 years older and entering the study with a worse (lower) SRI score.

Discussion:

The results indicate that 3 commonly reported predictors of chronic musculoskeletal pain (BPI, TIDS, PHQ-9) could be predicted by variables not related to the injurious event itself. The 3-trajectory recovery model mirrors other prior research in the field, though 2 trajectories look very similar at baseline despite very different 12-month outcomes. Researchers are encouraged to design studies that integrate, rather than exclude, the pre-existing variables described here.
Gestational Hypertensive Disorders and Maternal Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort of 40,720 Parous Women
Authors: Goldberg Mandy , Díaz-Santana Mary V. , O’Brien Katie M. , Zhao Shanshan , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are hypothesized to be associated with reduced maternal breast cancer risk, but the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Our objective was to examine associations between gestational hypertensive disorders and breast cancer in a nationwide cohort of women with a family history of breast cancer.

Methods:

Women ages 35–74 years who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, but had never had breast cancer themselves, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported diagnoses of eclampsia, preeclampsia, or gestational hypertension in each pregnancy. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between history of a gestational hypertensive disorder and incident invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ among 40,720 parous women. We used age as the time scale and adjusted for birth cohort, race–ethnicity, and reproductive, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. We examined effect measure modification by risk factors for gestational hypertensive disease and breast cancer and assessed possible etiologic heterogeneity across tumor characteristics.

Results:

The prevalence of gestational hypertensive disease was 12%. During follow-up (mean = 10.9 years), 3,198 eligible women self-reported a breast cancer diagnosis. History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.1). We did not observe clear evidence of effect measure modification or etiologic heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk in a cohort of women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer.
MACULAR MICROVASCULATURE IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Kwon Hye Ji , Kim You Na , Min Chan Hong , Kim Yoon Jeon , Lee Junyeop , Lee Joo Yong , Yoon Young Hee
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The study aimed to evaluate the macular microvasculature of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and identify correlations between vascular changes, structural changes, and functional outcome.

Methods:

Genetically confirmed XLRS patients and heathy control subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, dilated funduscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Schisis distribution, outer plexiform layer discontinuation, photoreceptor layer thickness, and photoreceptor outer segment length were reviewed using optical coherence tomography. Vascular flow density and foveal thickness at foveal and parafoveal area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:

A total of 17 eyes of 9 XLRS patients and 22 eyes of 11 control subjects were examined from July 2018 to August 2020. Flow density in the deep capillary plexus at foveal and parafoveal area decreased in XLRS patients compared with control subjects (P = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively), whereas foveal avascular zone area and perimeter remarkably increased (P = 0.015 and 0.001, respectively). Although outer and total retinal layers were significantly thicker in XLRS, inner retinal layer was thinner with reduced photoreceptor layer thickness and shortened photoreceptor outer segment length (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Foveal flow loss in deep capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone enlargement, thinner inner retina and photoreceptor layer thickness, and shortened photoreceptor outer segment length correlated with best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion:

X-linked retinoschisis eyes exhibit decreased flow density in the deep capillary plexus and variable foveal avascular zone with enlarged perimeter. Structural deterioration of the photoreceptor best reflects the degenerative changes, whereas microvascular alteration shows considerable correlation with functional outcome in XLRS.
Rothia Mucilaginosa Endophthalmitis Associated With iStent Inject Implantation
Authors: Lam Helena , Khundkar Tahsin , Koozekanani Dara , Nazari Hossein K.
Published: June 2022

Postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive, coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae of the oropharyngeal flora, is rare and all previously reported intraocular implant-related cases have resulted in evisceration. R. mucilaginosa endophthalmitis has also not been described with any glaucoma implant device. Here, the authors report a case of subacute R. mucilaginosa endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens and the iStent inject (Glaukos). The infection was managed with intravitreal antibiotic injections, pars plana vitrectomy, and intraocular lens and iStent explantations. This was followed by a second pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for a tractional retinal detachment. Nine months after the initial presentation, vision in the affected eye was partially preserved, and the globe remained intact. R. mucilaginosa infections are associated with grave outcomes due to biofilm formation on infected implants, and as such, removal of infected implants is advised.
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in a Patient with Pre-excitation and Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Ablation
Authors: Chin Chye-Gen , Chen Wei-Ta , Lin Yung-Kuo , Chung Cheng-Chih , Hsieh Ming-Hsiung
Published: June 2022

Pre-excitation syndrome can either mimic or mask myocardial infarction, making the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction difficult. Herein, we report the case of a male patient with Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome who presented to our emergency department with severe chest pain. Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction was suspected because of cardiac enzyme elevation and abnormal ST-T changes identified through electrocardiography. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention; a left anterior descending artery stenotic lesion was dilated, and drug-eluting stents were implanted. One month later, he underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation for his accessory pathway and tachycardia. We present the series of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to raise awareness of the value of diagnosing myocardial injury early in patients with WPW syndrome.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of incidental thyroid carcinoma in euthyroid patients receiving total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Wei-Hsin , Chen Chih-Yi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for multinodular goiter (MNG). In some of these cases, incidental thyroid cancer (ITC) is detected postoperatively. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), the most common type of ITC, has clinical factors and pathologic similarities with ITC that have not been well clarified previously. We investigated the incidence and characteristics of ITC and PTMC in euthyroid patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for MNG.

Methods:

We retrospectively investigated the data of 151 euthyroid patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for MNG between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients with PTMC were then selected from among those with ITC for further data analysis.

Results:

The incidence rates of ITC and PTMC were 31.1% (47/151) and 21.1% (32/151), respectively. The mean age of patients with ITC was 52.8 ± 11.7 years, which was younger than that of patients with benign MNG (57.2 ± 12.5 years, p < 0.05). Bilateral cancer was observed in 17 patients with ITC (17/47, 36.2%) and nine with PTMC (9/32, 28.1%). The numbers of patients in the ITC and PTMC groups whose cancer was not on the side comprising the dominant tumor were 15 (15/47, 31.9%) and 13 (13/32, 40.6%), respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age was a clinical factor associated with ITC and PTMC.

Conclusion:

Younger age is a clinical factor for ITC and PTMC. We recommend taking considering clinical factors and pathologic characteristics of ITC and PTC when considering total thyroidectomy in euthyroid patients with MNG.
Vasopressors and Enteral Nutrition in the Survival Rate of Children During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Alexander Erin , Absah Imad , Steien Dana B. , Grothe Rayna , Crow Sheri
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Nutrition support is essential in improving outcome and survival in children on extra corporal membranous support (ECMO). We aim to evaluate the association between the timing of enteral nutrition (EN) initiation and its impact on outcome.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of children (≤18 years) from November 2014 to November 2019 who were on veno-arterial ECMO for ≥48 hours. Abstracted data included demographics, ECMO indication and duration, timing of EN initiation, change in weight-for-agezscore (WAZ), and survival rate. The vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) was calculated to assess illness acuity.

Results:

We identified 76 children with median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 0.3 years (0–2.6), 46 of which were infants (59%) who required ECMO for a median (IQR) of 10 days (6–22). Thirty-six (47%) survived to hospital discharge. EN was initiated in 55 (72%) of patients while on ECMO. EN initiation by day 3 of ECMO was positively associated with survival (P= 0.0438). VIS at the time of EN initiation was lower in surviving infants (P= 0.022). Children who achieved enteral autonomy were more likely to survive (P= 0.0024). Survivors had greater WAZs at ECMO completion (P= 0.0004).

Conclusions:

Initiation of EN by day 3 of ECMO and at a lower VIS is associated with greater likelihood of survival.
Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric Patients with Celiac Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Germone Monique , Phu Tiffany , Slosky Camryn , Pan Zhaoxing , Jones Anna , Stahl Marisa , Mehta Pooja , Shull Mary , Ariefdjohan Merlin , Liu Edwin
Published: June 2022

Mental health is a growing concern in pediatric celiac disease (CD). This study utilized the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) to investigate anxiety and depression symptom rates. Participants were children ages 8 to 17 years (M = 11.7, SD = 2.7; N = 175) with biopsy-proven CD (Median = 1.1 years post-diagnosis, IQR = 0–4) categorized into groups based on the child’s age, caregiver or child respondent, presence or absence of comorbidities, and gluten-free diet duration. Self-reported RCADS scores showed 39% of children having clinically significant concerns for anxiety or depression (P < 0.0001) but only 7% of caregiver-proxy RCADS scores indicated significant concerns for the child’s anxiety and 14% for the child’s depression. Rates of child-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly higher for those without medical comorbidities than those with (P = 0.04). Therefore, screening for mental health concerns, particularly anxiety and depression, should be routinely performed in pediatric patients with CD.
Symptoms of Women With High-Risk Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chan John K. , Tian Chunqiao , Kesterson Joshua P. , Monk Bradley J. , Kapp Daniel S. , Davidson Brittany , Robertson Sharon , Copeland Larry J. , Walker Joan L. , Wenham Robert M. , Casablanca Yovanni , Spirtos Nick M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Bell Jeffrey G.
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:157–162)

Ovarian cancer represents a disproportionate amount of mortality associated with gynecologic malignancies, with more than 13,940 deaths annually. Two factors that significantly contribute to this are the phenomenon that most women are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and most develop recurrent and chemoresistant disease.
Increased Rates of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Packer Claire H. , Pilliod Rachel A. , Chatroux Louisa R. , Caughey Aaron B. , Valent Amy M.
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021;34:3862–3866)

Approximately 10% of pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite interventions such as nutrition education, exercise, and pharmacotherapy, women with GDM continue to have higher rates of adverse perinatal outcomes than those without GDM.
A Case of Fatal Exsanguination by a Japanese Short Sword
Authors: Sonoda Ai , Shinkawa Norihiro , Kakizaki Eiji , Yukawa Nobuhiro
Published: June 2022

We report a rare case of fatal exsanguination by a wakizashi, a Japanese short sword (shinken). A man in his 60s was found lying on his back on his bed. He was in cardiopulmonary arrest when the ambulance crew arrived and was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital. A wakizashi with blood stains on the blade was found on the floor, and blood was present on the bed sheets on which the man was found. Autopsy revealed an incised wound extending diagonally from superolaterally to inferomedially on the anterior left thigh as the only injury. The wound appeared mostly straight, approximately 44 cm long and 9 cm deep, with smooth walls. The left femoral artery and vein had been cleanly severed, and the cause of death was determined to be blood loss from the severed blood vessels. The wakizashi (blade length, 45 cm) was large enough to have caused the wound, and the left thigh was presumed to have been incised by a downward slash from the sword.
Suicide by Gaseous Displacement of Atmospheric Oxygen With Carbon Dioxide From Dry Ice Sublimation
Authors: Righi Fabiola A. , Brown Patrice , Hagen Catherine , Quinton Reade A.
Published: June 2022

Deaths from gaseous substances can occur from exposure to toxic gases or from accumulation of nontoxic gases that displace oxygen. We present a 38-year-old man with no known medical history, who was found deceased in a small bathroom with blankets and towels shoved under the door from the inside.

At autopsy, the decedent was found to be in a moderate state of decomposition. There was mild pulmonary congestion, with no other significant findings. Standard postmortem toxicology on femoral blood was noncontributory.

A search of the decedent's cell phone revealed statements and internet searches regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) and asphyxia using dry ice. A journal entry also outlined a suicide plan using large amounts of dry ice, which was enacted by placing a laundry basket of dry ice into a bathtub containing water. Based on the investigation, the cause of death was determined to be asphyxia from displacement of oxygen with CO2.

Dry ice sublimates into gaseous CO2, which quickly accumulates, with concentrations of 10% or more, rapidly becoming life-threatening. There are no pathognomonic autopsy findings seen in CO2-related asphyxia. In these circumstances, scene investigation is the most important factor in determining cause of death.
Relapsing Polychondritis as a Cause of Sudden and Unexpected Death With Central Nervous System Involvement
Authors: Lokken Alexander , Wang Amber
Published: June 2022

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease process that affects cartilaginous tissues throughout the body. Although the pathogenesis remains unknown, RP is thought to be an autoimmune disorder in which host immune cells are conditioned to attack the body's cartilage, such as the ears, nose, eyes, joints, and airways, resulting in inflammation and destruction of otherwise healthy tissues. In rare and unusual cases, neurological involvement has been described.

We report a case of a 36-year-old man with a medical history of asthma and suspected seronegative rheumatoid arthritis/RP and panuveitis who was found deceased in his residence. Postmortem examination revealed cartilaginous destruction of the external ear and large airways and meningoencephalitis involving the left medial temporal lobe without an underlying infectious cause.

Progressive destruction of airway tissue and increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection is the most common cause of death in RP. Central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare, presenting with highly variable clinical and pathological manifestations. A review of RP and systemic manifestations will follow. Accurate recognition of this multisystem autoimmune disease as a cause of sudden and unexpected death is critical for proper death certification and to broaden our understanding of this disease.
Electrocution Due to Fractal Wood Burning
Authors: Herb Thomas , Snyder Alexis , Wilson Allecia , Caplan Michael
Published: June 2022

Fractal wood burning is a new technique of pyrography that passes an electrical current through a piece of wood resulting in decorative electrical burns. This practice has become increasingly popular with many walk-through tutorials of the process found online. This includes videos of how to build homemade devices fashioned from disassembled microwave oven transformers. There have been 31 reported deaths and many serious injuries due to fractal wood burning resulting in news headlines, warning statements, and an outright ban of the practice at certain woodworking events. The medical community has begun to recognize the danger of fractal wood burning with a few cases of severe burn injuries reported. We report 2 cases of electrocution from fractal wood burning accidents. The scene investigations were examined, including the similarities in the homemade microwave oven transformers that were used, as well as the autopsy findings. The pathophysiology of fractal wood burning and the creation of Lichtenberg figures is discussed as well as the high-voltage injury patterns seen in cases of fractal wood burning accidents. Other cases of electrical injury from fractal wood burning accidents reported in the news and medical literature were then examined in terms of demographics, burn pattern, cardiac findings, and whether a homemade wood burning device was involved.
How does Injury Severity Score derived from International Classification of Diseases Programs for Injury Categorization using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes perform compared with Injury Severity Score derived from Trauma Quality Improvement Program?
Authors: Wan Vivian , Reddy Susheel , Thomas Arielle , Issa Nabil , Posluszny Joseph , Schwulst Steven , Shapiro Michael , Alam Hasan , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Stey Anne M.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Injury Severity Score (ISS) is a measurement of injury severity based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Because of the difficulty and expense of Abbreviated Injury Scale coding, there have been recent efforts in mapping ISS from administrative International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes instead. Specifically, the open source and freely available International Classification of Diseases Programs for Injury Categorization (ICDPIC) in R (Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) converts International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes to ISS. This study aims to compare ICDPIC calculations versus manually derived Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) calculations for International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), codes. Moderate concordance was chosen as the hypothetical relationship because of previous work by both Fleischman et al. (J Trauma Nurs. 2017;24(1):4–14) who found moderate to substantial concordance between ICDPIC and ISS and Di Bartolomeo et al. (Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2010;18(1):17) who found none to slight concordance. Given these very different findings, we thought it reasonable to predict moderate concordance with the use of more detailed ICD-10 codes.

METHODS

This was an observational cohort study of 1,040,728 encounters in the TQIP registry for the year 2018. International Classification of Diseases Programs for Injury Categorization in R was used to derive ISS from the ICD-10 codes in the registry. The resulting scores were compared with the manually derived ISS in TQIP.

RESULTS

The median difference between ISS calculated by ICDPIC-2021 using ICD-10, Clinical Modification (ISS-ICDPIC), and manually derived ISS was −3 (95% confidence interval, −5 to 0), while the mean difference was −2.09 (95% confidence interval, −2.10 to −2.07). There was substantial concordance between ISS-ICDPIC and manually derived ISS (κ = 0.66). The ISS-ICDPIC was a better predictor of mortality (area under the curve, 0.853 vs. 0.836) but a worse predictor of intensive care unit admission (area under the curve, 0.741 vs. 0.757) and hospital stay ≥10 days (AUC, 0.701 vs. 0.743). The ICDPIC has substantial concordance with TQIP for the firearm (κ = 0.69), motor vehicle trauma (κ = 0.71), and pedestrian (κ = 0.73) injury mechanisms.

CONCLUSION

When TQIP data are unavailable, ICDPIC remains a valid way to calculate ISS after transition to ICD-10 codes. The ISS-ICDPIC performs well in predicting a number of outcomes of interest but is best served as a predictor of mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Disparities in the Use of Older Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Allografts in the United States Versus the United Kingdom
Authors: Giorgakis Emmanouil , Ivanics Tommy , Khorsandi Shirin E. , Wallace David , Burdine Lyle , Jassem Wayel , Mathur Amit K. , Heaton Nigel
Published: June 2022

Background.

This study aimed to assess the differences between the United States and the United Kingdom in the characteristics and posttransplant survival of patients who received donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver allografts from donors aged >60 y.

Methods.

Data were collected from the UK Transplant Registry and the United Network for Organ Sharing databases. Cohorts were dichotomized into donor age subgroups (donor >60 y [D >60]; donor ≤60 y [D ≤60]). Study period: January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2015.

Results.

1157 DCD LTs were performed in the United Kingdom versus 3394 in the United States. Only 13.8% of US DCD donors were aged >50 y, contrary to 44.3% in the United Kingdom. D >60 were 22.6% in the United Kingdom versus 2.4% in the United States. In the United Kingdom, 64.2% of D >60 clustered in 2 metropolitan centers. In the United States, there was marked inter-regional variation. A total of 78.3% of the US DCD allografts were used locally. One- and 5-y unadjusted DCD graft survival was higher in the United Kingdom versus the United States (87.3% versus 81.4%, and 78.0% versus 71.3%, respectively; P < 0.001). One- and 5-y D >60 graft survival was higher in the United Kingdom (87.3% versus 68.1%, and 77.9% versus 51.4%, United Kingdom versus United States, respectively; P < 0.001). In both groups, grafts from donors ≤30 y had the best survival. Survival was similar for donors aged 41 to 50 versus 51 to 60 in both cohorts.

Conclusions.

Compared with the United Kingdom, older DCD LT utilization remained low in the United States, with worse D >60 survival. Nonetheless, present data indicate similar survivals for older donors aged ≤60, supporting an extension to the current US DCD age cutoff.
A Review of Direct-acting Oral Anticoagulants and Their Use in Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Rimsans Jessica , Sylvester Katelyn , Kim Miae , Connors Jean M. , Gabardi Steven
Published: June 2022

Direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use has increased dramatically since their introduction because of the growing evidence of proven efficacy and enhanced safety compared with warfarin and the low-molecular-weight heparins in the general population. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of quality data regarding the safety and efficacy of the DOACs in patients awaiting organ transplant and those who received a solid organ transplant. This review aims to evaluate the available literature and considerations regarding anticoagulation use in transplant recipients, focusing on preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative DOAC use.
Alcohol-associated Liver Disease Is Now the Most Common Indication for Liver Transplant Waitlisting Among Young American Adults
Authors: Philip George , Hookey Lawrence , Richardson Harriet , Flemming Jennifer A.
Published: June 2022

Background.

Mortality from cirrhosis is increasing and is the highest among young adults with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). The aim of this study was to describe rates of liver transplant (LT) waitlisting stratified by age, sex, and cirrhosis etiology.

Methods.

Retrospective population-based study from 2003 to 2018 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Adults newly registered on the LT waitlist were included, and age at listing was dichotomized to ±40 y. Annual standardized incidence proportions of LT waitlisting by age group, sex, and etiology were calculated using census data. Changes in annual rates were described with Poisson regression.

Results.

A total of 209 399 unique individuals were included, 10 326 (5%) <40 y at listing. In those <40 y of age, listing increased most for ALD (4-fold increase) followed by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 2-fold increase). Compared to young adult males, young females were more likely to be listed for ALD and less likely to be listed for NAFLD. In those ≥40 y of age, listings increased most for ALD (2-fold increase) and NAFLD (2-fold increase). Hepatitis C virus increased from 2003 to 2013 and declined post-2014 in the ≥40-y age group.

Conclusions.

LT waitlisting is increasing substantially in young Americans, driven primarily by ALD. These data support ongoing efforts to identify adolescents and young adults with early stages of ALD where interventions can be implemented to prevent the development of cirrhosis and liver-related complications.
Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and nutrient availability modulates male mating success in
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sepil Irem , Perry Jennifer C. , Dore Alice , Chapman Tracey , Wigby Stuart
Published: June 2022

Biased population sex ratios can alter optimal male mating strategies, and allocation to reproductive traits depends on nutrient availability. However, there is little information on how nutrition interacts with sex ratio to influence the evolution of pre-copulatory and post-copulatory traits separately. To address this omission, we test how male mating success and reproductive investment evolve under varying sex ratios and adult diet in
Drosophila melanogaster,
using experimental evolution. We found that sex ratio and nutrient availability interacted to determine male pre-copulatory performance. Males from female-biased populations were slow to mate when they evolved under protein restriction. By contrast, we found direct and non-interacting effects of sex ratio and nutrient availability on post-copulatory success. Males that evolved under protein restriction were relatively poor at suppressing female remating. Males that evolved under equal sex ratios fathered more offspring and were better at supressing female remating, relative to males from male-biased or female-biased populations. These results support the idea that sex ratios and nutrition interact to determine the evolution of pre-copulatory mating traits, but independently influence the evolution of post-copulatory traits.
Acclimation to low pH does not affect the thermal tolerance of
Arbacia lixula
progeny
Authors: Foo Shawna A. , Munari Marco , Gambi Maria Cristina , Byrne Maria
Published: June 2022

As the ocean warms, the thermal tolerance of marine invertebrates is key to determining their distributional change, where acclimation to low pH may impact the thermal range of optimal development. We compared thermal tolerance of progeny from a low pH-acclimated sea urchin (
Arbacia lixula
) population from the CO
2
vents of Ischia (Italy) and a nearby population living at ambient pH. The percentages of normally developing gastrulae and two-armed larvae were determined across 10 temperatures representing present and future temperature conditions (16–34°C). Vent-acclimated sea urchins showed a greater percentage of normal development at 24 h, with a larger optimal developmental temperature range than control sea urchins (12.3°C versus 5.4°C range, respectively). At 48 h, upper lethal temperatures for 50% survival with respect to ambient temperatures were similar between control (+6.8°C) and vent (+6.2°C) populations. Thus, acclimation to low pH did not impact the broad thermal tolerance of
A. lixula
progeny. With
A. lixula
's barrens-forming abilities, its wide thermotolerance and its capacity to acclimate to low pH, this species will continue to be an important ecological engineer in Mediterranean macroalgal ecosystems in a changing ocean.
Dynamic survival analysis for non-Markovian epidemic models
Authors: Di Lauro Francesco , KhudaBukhsh Wasiur R. , Kiss István Z. , Kenah Eben , Jensen Max , Rempała Grzegorz A.
Published: June 2022

We present a new method for analysing stochastic epidemic models under minimal assumptions. The method, dubbed dynamic survival analysis (DSA), is based on a simple yet powerful observation, namely that population-level mean-field trajectories described by a system of partial differential equations may also approximate individual-level times of infection and recovery. This idea gives rise to a certain non-Markovian agent-based model and provides an agent-level likelihood function for a random sample of infection and/or recovery times. Extensive numerical analyses on both synthetic and real epidemic data from foot-and-mouth disease in the UK (2001) and COVID-19 in India (2020) show good accuracy and confirm the method’s versatility in likelihood-based parameter estimation. The accompanying software package gives prospective users a practical tool for modelling, analysing and interpreting epidemic data with the help of the DSA approach.
The potential roles of retinoids in combating drug resistance in cancer: implications of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed R. , Haffez Hesham
Published: June 2022

Multidrug resistance (MDR) means that tumour cells become unresponsive during or after the course of treatment to one or more of chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapeutic resistance critically limits the treatment outcomes and remains a key challenge for clinicians. The alternation in intracellular drug concentration through the modulation of its transport across the plasma membrane is the major cause for MDR and is adopted by various mediators, including ATP-requiring enzymes (ATPases). Among these ATPases, ABC transporters have been extensively studied, and found to be highly implicated in tumorigenesis and MDR. The present review sheds light on the documented effects of retinoids on ABC enzymes to understand their mechanism in combating cancer cell resistance. This would open the gate to test the mechanism and applicability of different new synthetic retinoids in literature and market as modulators of ATP-dependent efflux pumping activity, and promote their applicability in diminishing anti-cancer drug resistance.
Application of sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots as sensitive fluorescent nanosensors for the determination of saxagliptin and gliclazide
Authors: Magdy Galal , Al-enna Amira A. , Belal Fathalla , El-Domany Ramadan A. , Abdel-Megied Ahmed M.
Published: June 2022

In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) were used as fluorescent nanosensors for direct spectrofluorimetric estimation of each of gliclazide (GLZ) and saxagliptin (SXG) without any pre-derivatization steps for the first time. S,N-CQDs were synthesized employing a simple hydrothermal technique using citric acid and thiosemicarbazide. The produced S,N-CQDs were characterized using different techniques including fluorescence emission spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. Following excitation at 360 nm, S,N-CQDs exhibited a strong emission peak at 430 nm. The native fluorescence of S,N-CQDs was quantitatively enhanced by addition of increased concentrations of the studied drugs. The fluorescence enhancement of S,N-CQDs and the concentrations of the studied drugs revealed a wide linear relationship in the range of 30.0–500.0 µM and 75.0–600.0 µM with limits of detection of 5.0 and 10.15 µM for GLZ and SXG, respectively. The proposed method was efficiently used for determination of cited drugs in their commercial tablets with % recoveries ranging from 98.6% to 101.2% and low % relative standard deviation values (less than 2%). The mechanism of interaction between S,N-CQDs and the two drugs was studied. Validation of the proposed method was carried out in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
A multiple scattering formulation for finite-size flexural metasurfaces
Authors: Pu Xingbo , Palermo Antonio , Marzani Alessandro
Published: June 2022

We provide an analytical formulation to model the propagation of elastic waves in a homogeneous half-space supporting an array of thin plates. The technique provides the displacement field obtained from the interaction between an incident wave generated by a harmonic source and the scattered fields induced by the flexural motion of the plates. The scattered field generated by each plate is calculated using an ad-hoc set of Green’s functions. The interaction between the incident field and the scattered fields is modelled through a multiple scattering formulation. Owing to the introduction of the multiple scattering formalism, the proposed technique can handle a generic set of plates arbitrarily arranged on the half-space surface. The method is validated via comparison with finite element simulations considering Rayleigh waves interacting with a single and a collection of thin plates. Our framework can be used to investigate the interaction of vertically polarized surface waves and flexural resonators in different engineering contexts, from the design of novel surface acoustic wave devices to the interpretation of urban vibration problems.
Defects and metric anomalies in Föppl–von Kármán surfaces
Authors: Singh Manish , Roychowdhury Ayan , Gupta Anurag
Published: June 2022

A general framework is developed to study the deformation and stress response in Föppl–von Kármán shallow shells for a given distribution of defects, such as dislocations, disclinations and interstitials, and metric anomalies, such as thermal and growth strains. The theory includes dislocations and disclinations whose defect lines can both pierce the two-dimensional surface and lie within the surface. An essential aspect of the theory is the derivation of strain incompatibility relations for stretching and bending strains with incompatibility sources in terms of the various defect and metric anomaly densities. The incompatibility relations are combined with balance laws and constitutive assumptions to obtain the inhomogeneous Föppl–von Kármán equations for shallow shells. Several boundary value problems are posed, and solved numerically, by first considering only dislocations and then disclinations coupled with growth strains.
Exploiting new classes of mass-dimension one fermions
Authors: Bueno Rogerio Rodolfo José , Fabbri Luca
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we employ the machinery first shown in Ahluwalia (Ahluwalia 2020.
Phys. Eng. Sci.
476
, 20200249. (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0249
) and
EPL
131
, 41001. (
doi:10.1209/0295-5075/131/41001
)), to obtain a new class of spin-half mass-dimension one fermions. Such spinors, after an appropriated dual structure examination, may serve as expansion coefficients of a local field.
Interpreting how nonlinear diffusion affects the fate of bistable populations using a discrete modelling framework
Authors: Li Yifei , Buenzli Pascal R. , Simpson Matthew J.
Published: June 2022

Understanding whether a population will survive or become extinct is a central question in population biology. One way of exploring this question is to study population dynamics using reaction–diffusion equations, where migration is usually represented as a linear diffusion term, and birth–death is represented with a nonlinear source term. While linear diffusion is most commonly employed to study migration, there are several limitations of this approach, such as the inability of linear diffusion-based models to predict a well-defined population front. One way to overcome this is to generalize the constant diffusivity,D, to a nonlinear diffusivity functionD(C), whereC>0is the population density. While the choice ofD(C)affects long-term survival or extinction of a bistable population, working solely in a continuum framework makes it difficult to understand how the choice ofD(C)affects survival or extinction. We address this question by working with a discrete simulation model that is easy to interpret. This approach provides clear insight into how the choice ofD(C)either encourages or suppresses population extinction relative to the classical linear diffusion model.
Terahertz-range plasmon and whispering gallery mode resonances in the plane wave scattering from thin microsize dielectric disk with graphene covers
Authors: Lucido Mario , Balaban Mykhaylo V. , Nosich Alexander I.
Published: June 2022

We analyse the scattering and absorption of a terahertz-range plane wave by a thin circular dielectric disk with two graphene covers. Assuming that the thickness of the whole composite disk is much smaller than the free-space wavelength, we reduce the complexity of the problem with the aid of the generalized boundary conditions. This yields a set of singular integral equations for the effective electric and magnetic currents, induced on an equivalent zero-thickness disk. The adopted advanced numerical solution technique is a version of the method of analytical preconditioning, which uses weighted polynomials as expansion functions in the discretization of the integral equations. Then, the resulting matrix equation has Fredholm second-kind property that enables us to control the computational error by the matrix size and reduce it to the desired level. This accurate analysis reveals resonances on several types of natural modes, best understood via visualization of in-resonance near-fields. They are the plasmon-mode resonances of the graphene disk, perturbed by the presence of the dielectric filler, and the dielectric disk modes, perturbed by the graphene covers. Additionally, quasi-full disk transparency is observed if the transverse resonance condition is fulfilled. Special attention is paid to the tunability of the found effects with the aid of graphene's chemical potential.
The gaze of a social monkey is perceptible to conspecifics and predators but not prey
Authors: Whitham Will , Schapiro Steven J. , Troscianko Jolyon , Yorzinski Jessica L.
Published: June 2022

Eye gaze is an important source of information for animals, implicated in communication, cooperation, hunting and antipredator behaviour. Gaze perception and its cognitive underpinnings are much studied in primates, but the specific features that are used to estimate gaze can be difficult to isolate behaviourally. We photographed 13 laboratory-housed tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) to quantify chromatic and achromatic contrasts between their iris, pupil, sclera and skin. We used colour vision models to quantify the degree to which capuchin eye gaze is discriminable to capuchins, their predators and their prey. We found that capuchins, regardless of their colour vision phenotype, as well as their predators, were capable of effectively discriminating capuchin gaze across ecologically relevant distances. Their prey, in contrast, were not capable of discriminating capuchin gaze, even under relatively ideal conditions. These results suggest that specific features of primate eyes can influence gaze perception, both within and across species.