bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a parallel OTSU algorithm based on a ternary optical computer
Authors: Song Kai , Sun Yongjun , Ma Huaqiong , Yan Liping
Published: November 2023

The OTSU method (OTSU) is considered to be the
best algorithm for threshold selection in image segmentation. The
algorithm is easy to calculate and not affected by image brightness
and contrast, so it is widely used in the field of digital image
processing. Due to the slow running speed and large storage space of
the algorithm on the traditional electronic computer, this research
makes use of the advantages of the ternary optical computer (TOC),
such as numerous data bits and the reconfigurable processor. Through
the analysis of the OTSU algorithm, we find the part of the OTSU
algorithm that can be calculated in parallel, and put forward a
parallel OTSU algorithm based on TOC. The algorithm first uses a
classifier to classify the number of pixels. By reconstructing the MSD
adder and multiplier, the inter-class variance under each gray value
is calculated in parallel, and the maximum value is selected by
comparing the inter-class variance. The corresponding threshold is the
best segmentation threshold. By analyzing the clock cycle and data bit
resources of the algorithm, and then conducting a comparative analysis
and experimental verification, we found that the
computational speed of TOC increased by approximately 12% when
handling images with the same amount of computation.
Super-oscillatory spots with different inhomogeneous linear polarized states
Authors: Pant Bhavesh , Meena Hemant Kumar , Singh Brijesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

We present the formation of super-oscillatory (SO) spots by tightly focusing the inhomogeneous linear polarized beam of different polarization states. At the entrance pupil of the focusing lens, a suitable phase manipulation in the incident beam results in a small super-oscillatory spot. Our numerical study based on the vectorial diffraction theory shows that SO spots of controllable size and various polarization combinations are possible. We also discuss the effect of the different polarization patterns of the incident beam on the size and energy distribution of the generated SO spots, which are potentially valuable for the orientation determination of single molecules and polarization-resolved imaging. This study reveals more influence of polarization states on the different components of the focused beam under the utilization of the proposed method rather than the usual tight focusing conditions.
Effect of sputtering power on the physical properties of amorphous SiO2-doped InZnO transparent conductive oxide
Authors: Hwang Jin Young , Lee Sang Yeol
Published: November 2023

In order to control the optical and electrical properties of the transparent conductive oxide, the radio frequency (RF) sputtering power was changed from 30 to 40, 50, and 60 W. To optimize the power condition of the SiInZnO (SIZO) layer, we changed the sputtering power from 30 to 60 W, systematically. The chemical properties of the SIZO layer were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS proved that this change is dominant in thickness. In order to fabricate the SIZO transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with the optimized power of 50 W, the transmittance of 99.1% at 550 nm and the figure of merit of 12.4×10−3Ω−1 were obtained.
Determination of quantity and volume of Carya cathayensis Sarg by line laser scanning combined with the point cloud fusion algorithm
Authors: Xing Li , Xiuxiang Chu , Tianze Jia , Ziyuan Liu
Published: November 2023

Optical 3D measurement technology plays a vital role in diverse industries, particularly with the advancements in line laser scanning 3D imaging. In this paper, we propose a line laser scanning-based investigation for detecting Carya cathayensis Sarg. The Carya cathayensis Sarg specimens are scanned using a line laser to achieve three-dimensional reconstruction, enabling the calculation of their volume and quantity based on the acquired point cloud map. Through binocular acquisition and subsequent point cloud alignment and fusion, the error in the three-dimensional reconstruction is significantly reduced. The point cloud map facilitates the automatic identification of the number of scanned areas of Carya cathayensis Sarg areas and accurate volume calculations, with an error control of approximately 0.6% when compared to the actual volume. The application of this research in agriculture allows farmers to classify fruit sizes and optimize their selection, thus facilitating intelligent agricultural practices.
Exploiting Caustics for Snapshot 3D Fluorescence Imaging in Wide-field Microscopy
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Li Zheng , Huang Chongquan , Lin Vincent , Chew Sing Yian , Ram Rajeev J
Published: November 2023

We present a snapshot 3D fluorescence microscopy technique that extracts depth from defocus by exploiting caustics generated when spherical aberration is intentionally introduced in a high-numerical aperture microscope. The snapshot acquisition reduces the imaging time and the risk of phototoxicity associated with scanning based methods.
Vortex High Harmonic Beams Enable High-Fidelity Ptychographic Imaging of Highly Periodic Structures
Authors: Binnie Iona , Wang Bin , Brooks Nathan J. , Johnsen Peter , Esashi Yuka , Jenkins Nicholas , Gui Guan , Shao Yunzhe , Morrill Drew , Tanksalvala Michael , Cating-Subramanian Emma , Liao Chen-Ting , Kapteyn Henry C. , Murnane Margaret M.
Published: November 2023

We show that the phase and divergence properties of high harmonic beams with orbital angular momentum provide significant advantage over gaussian beams for high-fidelity ptychographic imaging and defect detection in highly periodic structures.
Towards Synthetic Light-in-Flight
Authors: Cornwall Patrick , Ballester Manuel , Wang Heming , Willomitzer Florian
Published: November 2023

We present a method for the computational synthesis of a shaped, synthetic light pulse from interferometric measurements under CW illumination. The pulse can be manipulated to travel through a captured scene, demonstrating synthetic light-in-flight videos.
Depth-multiplexing spectral domain optical coherence tomography for full eye length imaging
Authors: Meng Guanghan , Zhang Andrew , Waller Laura
Published: November 2023

We propose a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) method that employs a depth-multiplexing strategy in order to measure the full eye length in a single shot while maintaining a low cost system design.
Design Constraints of the Plenoptic Wavefront Sensor
Authors: Lin Di , DiComo Gregory P. , Watnik Abbie T.
Published: November 2023

We present an analysis of constraints imposed by the optics of a plenoptic wavefront sensor. We then derive the fundamental limit to the sensor’s effective sampling resolution and express it as a space-bandwidth product. We show that this effective sampling resolution increases with turbulence strength and establish the sensor architecture as a deep turbulence diagnostic.
Robust Transport-of-Intensity Equation with Neural Differential Equations
Authors: Pang Subeen , Barbastathis George
Published: November 2023

We solve the transport-of-intensity equation by estimating the intensity derivative using the method of neural differential equations. We observe strong robustness to artifacts from ill-conditionedness and measurement noise.
The Light Scaled Space-Time Bandwidth Product for Characterization of Image Sensors
Authors: Ahsanullah Danyal , Balaji Muralidhar M. , Rangarajan Prasanna
Published: November 2023

The Light Scaled Space-Time Bandwidth Product is proposed as a means of quantifying the performance space of Neuromorphic/Event-Based sensors. Inspired by this metric, the sensor is demonstrated to successfully detect vibrating objects behind scattering media.
Combining a Dynamic Vision Sensor with Neuromorphic Computing for Imaging in Turbid Media
Authors: Zhang Ning , Watts Jordan , Nurmikko Arto
Published: November 2023

A method is proposed for imaging dynamical objects in dense media using event sensor, spiking signal, and neuromorphic computation. We input events data into a multi-layer deep spiking neural network for high spatial-temporal resolution.
Machine Learning for Fast Statistical Sensing
Authors: Radford Jack , Smith Matthew G. , Binner Philip , Starshynov Ilya , Tassieri Manlio , Faccio Daniele
Published: November 2023

Statistical sensing techniques such as diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and microrheology with optical tweezers (MOT) are restricted by the acquisition time required to sample sufficient data points. Using machine learning, we show speed-ups > 10-fold.
High-Fidelity and High-Speed Wavefront Shaping through Complex Media via Sparsity-Constrained Optimization
Authors: Yu Li-Yu , You Sixian
Published: November 2023

We introduce a sparsity-constrained optimization framework that accounts for the constraints on wavefront shaping and the light scattering nature in complex media to achieve high-fidelity light manipulation at a frame rate of 22 kHz. Our method demonstrates an 89% and 126% increase in projection accuracy and speckle suppression, respectively.
Foveated Imaging through Densely Scattering Media
Authors: Balaji Muralidhar M. , Ahsanullah Danyal , Rangarajan Prasanna
Published: November 2023

The submission presents a foveated approach to imaging centimeter-sized objects embedded in a densely scattering medium (100 Transport Mean Free Path’s - TMFP) by combining ideas from Neuromorphic Sensing and Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT).
Quantum-based Super-Resolution Imaging with Multi-Aperture Systems
Authors: Deshler Nicolas , Ashok Amit
Published: November 2023

We extend the quantum-based modal imaging framework to multiple apertures. Using simulations we demonstrate that our approach is capable of resolving multiple incoherent point sources well beyond the diffraction limit.
Point Spread Function Engineering for 3D Imaging in High-Throughput Microscopy
Authors: Zoref Noam , Opatovski Nadav , Nehme Elias , Avrashami Maytal , Barzilai Ilana , Orange Reut Kedem , Ferdman Boris , Alalouf Onit , Azagury Dana Meron , Shamay Yosi , Shechtman Yoav
Published: November 2023

We combine point spread function engineering with high-throughput microscopy for three-dimensional (3D) imaging. This includes novel hardware configurations and corresponding likelihood-based and neural-net-based image analysis, which is demonstrated on volumetric characterization of cancer cell spheroids.
Deep Regression Outperforms Conditional GAN Mapping on Reconstructing Double Shells of ICF Images
Authors: Nguyen-Fotiadis Nga T.T. , Wolfe Bradley , Wang Zhehui
Published: November 2023

Deep convolutional-neural-network based regression following a customized denoising protocol with/without a super-resolution process considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art GAN based pix2pix image translation on restoring double-shell structure of ICF images and serves as a potential domain-transfer classifier.
Lensless Anisotropic Edge Enhancement Method Based on Spiral Zone Aperture
Authors: Tian Zhanquan , Li Lina , Ma Jianshe , Su Ping
Published: November 2023

A novel lensless coding approach utilizing a spiral zone aperture for edge enhancement imaging is proposed. The proposed technology facilitates the reconstruction of edge-enhanced images in designated regions of interest.
Optical diffraction tomography for quantifying cell physics
Authors: Kim Kyoohyun
Published: November 2023

We present the application of optical diffraction tomography for quantitative characterization of physical parameters in biological samples, including single cells, subcellular organelles, mitotic spindles, and C. elegans larvae under various biological processes.
Freeform lens for Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy’s illumination source
Authors: Lopera Maria J. , Nie Yunfeng , Trujillo Carlos , Ottevare Heidi
Published: November 2023

We developed the first freeform lens used to generate the spherical wavefront required for digital lensless holographic microscopy illumination with a 0.3 numerical aperture. The proposal performance is validated with samples containing epithelial cheek cells.
Single-shot Noise Reduction of Phase Maps through Phase-preserving Sliding Window Spatial Filtering
Authors: Buitrago-Duque Carlos , García-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: November 2023

A single-shot procedure for coherent noise reduction in phase maps from digital holographic microscopy is presented. The method is supported in a multi-step spatial filtering which, unlike existing Fourier-based filtering methods, preserves the phase integrity.
Development of a proton radiography source using the world’s most energetic short pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Simpson R.A. , Williams G.J. , Scott G.G. , Mariscal D. A. , Ma T.
Published: November 2023

Proton radiography is an innovative approach in high-energy-density (HED) science to measure and diagnose density variations as well as magnetic and electric fields in plasmas. This work details the development of a proton radiography platform on the National Ignition Facility using the Advanced Radiographic Capability laser (NIF-ARC).
Real time digital hologram rendering at 20,000 frames per second for Doppler imaging and optical coherence tomography in ophthalmology
Authors: Nicolle Julien , Didier Damien , Bellier Sacha , Chemaly David , Langou Adrien , Bernet Philippe , Bouhana Eliott , Colmagro Fabien , Dubosc Marius , Poisson Guillaume , Blin Nicolas , Guenet Ilan , Lepage Theo , Kaci Quentin , Strazzella Anthony , Jarrossay Thomas , Bellonnet-Mottet Loic , Martin Antoine , Atlan Michael
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate digital hologram rendering from a sustained input stream of 16-bit, 512 x 512 pixel interferograms recorded at 20,000 frames per second (~10 GB/s) and processing for Doppler and optical coherence tomography.
Cosmic-ray Muon Scattering for Nuclear Material Measurement
Authors: Miyadera Haruo , Sugita Tsukasa , Fujimaki Takuro , Nakai Yuki , Yamamoto Shuji , Kume Naoto
Published: November 2023

Cosmic-ray muon scattering imaging is known to be sensitive to detect high atomic number materials and has potential applications in the nuclear industry. Simulation studies were carried out to test if the method can be applicable to estimate amounts of nuclear materials of Fukushima Daiichi debris.
A realization of a bi-focal integral floating system without a temporal-multiplexing
Authors: Lee Hyeontaek , Choi Hee-Jin
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a bi-focal integral floating system providing two 3D images simultaneously at the different position without a temporal-multiplexing.
Hybrid metalens for UV fluorescence light collection
Authors: Li Kezheng , Martins Augusto , Bohora Sanket , Dhakal Ashim , Martins Emiliano R. , Krauss Thomas F.
Published: November 2023

We present a single-layer high NA hybrid metalens operating at 350 nm wavelength. By combining a Fresnel with optimised binary grating, we avoid the shadowing effect of Fresnel lenses at high NA and are able to demonstrate a large area metalens and efficient UV fluorescence detection.
Integration of Ultrafast Magnetism and Metasurfaces for All-Optical Helicity-Dependent Switching
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Waleed , Ha Jeongho , Hemayat Saeed , El Hadri Mohammed Salah , Fullerton Eric E. , Ndao Abdoulaye
Published: November 2023

We present a monolithic multilayer nanostructure that enables high-speed, high-density all-optical helicity-dependent magnetization switching, utilizing femtosecond circularly polarized optical pulses from a metasurface.
Shedding New Light on Phase Contrast Imaging with Nanophotonics
Authors: Priscilla N. , Sulejman S. B. , Lee W. S. , Wesemann L. , Davis T. J. , Roberts A.
Published: November 2023

There is an emerging interest in all-optical, real-time, object plane image processing using metasurfaces. Here, their application to phase contrast imaging of transparent objects, including unstained biological cells, is presented.
Silicon photonic metasystem for single shot, single pixel detection multi-wavelength image classification
Authors: Kim Jongryul , Jeong Heijun , Gu Tingyi
Published: November 2023

We will present our recent work on implementing flat-optics concepts on silicon photonic platform, from single component level to cascaded system integration. The reconfigurability of silicon photonics are leveraged for integrated metalens and metasystem control.
Synthesis of Arbitrary Spatiotemporal Wave Packets
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhu Wenqi , Huo Pengcheng , Song Junyeob , Xu Ting , Agrawal Amit
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate arbitrary spatiotemporal synthesis of ultrafast optical transients by leveraging the multifunctional control of light at the nanoscale offered by metasurfaces, enabling ready-synthesis of complex space-time wave packets over an ultrawide bandwidth.
Adjoint Method for Data Augmentation of Photonic Structures
Authors: Seo Dongjin , Kang Chanik , Chung Haejun
Published: November 2023

We propose an adjoint-based data augmentation method for photonic optimization problems. We demonstrate that the proposed method dramatically improves data efficiency by finding a high-efficiency metalens design that shows 87% focusing efficiency.
Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Cui Qi , Gao Liang
Published: November 2023

Conventional hyperspectral cameras encounter a trade-off between spatial and spectral samplings while capturing an input scene. To address this problem, we propose two imaging systems: Hyperspectral Light Field Tomography (Hyper-LIFT) and Tunable Image Projection Spectrometry (TIPS).
Non-Isoplanatic PSF and Image Estimation Using Speckle Illumination
Authors: Hwang Byungjae , Piestun Rafael , Irsch Kristina
Published: November 2023

We propose a speckle-illumination statistical method to recover the point-spread function (PSF) and high-resolution fluorescence images in the presence of aberrations, without any calibration or isoplanatism assumptions. The accurate PSF estimation enables its use in deconvolution for high-resolution 3D imaging.
Neural Networks for Neutron Imaging
Authors: Saavedra Gary , Geppert-Kleinrath Verena
Published: November 2023

We present possible neural network applications for neutron imaging systems at the National Ignition Facility. We benchmark speed and accuracy for predicting image system properties and fusion physics and compare to existing Expectation Maximization algorithms.
Parallel Single-Pixel Imaging Based on the Talbot Effect
Authors: Ipus Erick , Lenz Armin J. M. , Martínez-León Lluís , Lancis Jesús , Tajahuerce Enrique
Published: November 2023

We propose a novel parallel extension of the single-pixel camera based on the Talbot effect by codifying periodic patterns in a fast spatial light modulator (DMD) and using multiple pixels of a 2D sensor array.
Single-pixel imaging microscopy using optical deflectors
Authors: Li Yingchao , Botha Jaco , Narag Jadze Princeton Casilana , Kovsted Carl Emil Schøier , Kristiansen Lasse Pærgård , Pedersen Jonas Nyvold , Larsen Niels Bent , Kromann Emil Boye
Published: November 2023

We present a single-pixel imaging microscope, which hinges on sequential imprinting of well-defined interference patterns on the sample, using optical deflectors. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate imaging of fluorescence labeled biological cells.
Synthetic aperture epi and transmission second harmonic holography for aberration-free imaging
Authors: Bartels Randy , Murray Gabe , Farah Yusef , Wang Lang , Xiu Maxine , Pinaud Olivier
Published: November 2023

Imaging with second harmonic generation (SHG) is powerful for biological samples but requires slow laser scanning. We demonstrate epi and transmission holographic SHG imaging for aberration-free imaging by estimating and correcting phase distortions.
Line-Field White-Light Interferometry for Varied Reflective Surface Imaging
Authors: Kim Jaeheung , Park Sang Min , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: November 2023

We propose line-field white-light interferometry (WLI) system that utilizes tunable-path-difference source (TPDS) and signal saturation compensation technique. Our WLI has improved performance in terms image stability, speed, and the capability of varied reflective surface imaging.
Joint fiber and MEC deployment for sparsely populated areas
Authors: Anzola-Rojas Camilo , de Miguel Ignacio , Aguado Juan Carlos , Merayo Noemí , Fernández Patricia , Durán Barroso Ramón J.
Published: November 2023

The deployment of multi-access edge computing (MEC) networks gives rise to the MEC placement problem, which deals with finding the right server locations to reduce the cost and guarantee network performance. Multiple papers have been presented to solve this problem, but they are usually oriented to urban areas where short distances and high-quality network infrastructure are assumed. When this problem must be solved for sparsely populated areas, like rural environments, the connectivity is not always granted and the deployment of such connectivity using fiber technologies should be included in the problem. In contrast to urban areas, where the density of users is high and therefore the main problem is capacity, in sparsely populated areas, the problem lies in how to cost-effectively plan the MEC sites and the interconnecting network while meeting the delay constraints of the services offered through that network. This paper proposes a technique to solve the MEC placement problem considering the joint deployment of the optical network required to interconnect the base stations and the MEC servers. It consists of a three-phase scheme, which combines a spanning tree topology, for fiber deployment, with the use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations to minimize MEC servers and MEC data centers (MEC-DCs). We have applied the technique in a case study for a province in Spain (Valladolid,
8110km2
), obtaining a reduction of around 50% of the total cost when compared to a previous work. In addition, a clustering method is proposed to improve the scalability of the model for large scenarios. A simulation study is also presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposal assuming a
94,226km2
region (Castilla y León) with 1576 base stations.
End-to-end deep learning for a flexible coherent PON with user-specific constellation optimization
Authors: Xing Sizhe , Li Zhongya , Huang Changle , Li Guoqiang , Sun Aolong , Yan An , Shen Wangwei , Shi Jianyang , Li Ziwei , Shen Chao , Chi Nan , Zhang Junwen
Published: November 2023

A flexible coherent passive optical network (FLCS-CPON) is a promising solution for the future access network. By offering increased speed, sensitivity, and flexibility, it enables more efficient utilization of network resources and allows for serving a larger number of users. However, the past studies often overlook the flexibility of channel equalization. In the FLCS-CPON, customized rate optimization has been achieved to cater to users in different channel conditions. However, in addition to rate optimization, further performance improvement can be achieved by providing customized equalization methods. In this work, we proposed and demonstrated an end-to-end (E2E)-optimization-based FLCS-CPON in a 50 km fiber transmission. It enables tailored signal constellation shaping and equalization, maximizing system efficiency and performance. Finally, we achieved a FLCS-CPON with the net data rate (NDR) varied from 124 to 210 Gbps and the power budget of 40 and 42.4 dB in upstream and downstream, respectively; 3.7 and 2.9 dB power budgets are improved by E2E optimization. In burst-mode, the dynamic range of probabilistic shaping 32 quadrature amplitude modulation (PS-32QAM) at a line rate of 250 Gbps improved by 6.1 to 16.8 dB. Additionally, a dynamic range and net-rate product (DRNRP) of 5779 dB · Gbps is achieved.
Curved boundary integral method for electromagnetic fields
Authors: Lamberg Joel , Zarrinkhat Faezeh , Tamminen Aleksi , Ala-Laurinaho Juha , Rius Juan , Romeu Jordi , Khaled Elsayed E. M. , Taylor Zachary
Published: November 2023

The angular spectrum method is a rigorous method to synthesize near and far-field electromagnetic beams from planar field distributions. However, this limitation of planar surfaces has restricted its applicability to beams with simple focal planes. We propose a curved boundary integral method (CBIM) to synthesize electromagnetic beams from arbitrary surfaces to address this limitation and expand the method’s scope to synthesize beams from and between shaped objects. This study presents a detailed theoretical framework behind the CBIM and validates its effectiveness and accuracy with a comprehensive set of simulations. Additionally, we present mathematical proof to support our proposal. The proposed method satisfies Maxwell’s equations and significantly benefits optical systems and inverse beam design. It allows for analyzing electromagnetic forward/backward propagation between optical elements using a single method. It is also valuable for optical force beam design and analysis.
Effect of BaF2 and Y2O3 on the Raman scattering characteristics of fluorotellurite glasses
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jiao Yadong , Jia Zhixu , Wang Lili , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi
Published: November 2023

In this letter, we investigated the Raman scattering characteristics of a series of aTeO2-(90-a)BaF2-10Y2O3 (a = 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55 mol%), bTeO2-(95-b)BaF2-5Y2O3 (b = 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50 mol%) and cTeO2-(100-c)BaF2 (c = 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60 mol%) fluorotellurite glasses. With increasing the concentration of BaF2, the peak Raman gain coefficient at 785 cm−1 increased while the Raman gain bandwidth (full spectral width at half maximum of the Raman peaks around 785 cm−1) decreased, which was attributed to the increasing proportion of non-bridge oxygen bonds in the fluorotellurite glass systems. The same results were also observed for the case of the increasing of the concentration of Y2O3. In these samples, the 50TeO2-40BaF2-10Y2O3 glass has the largest Raman gain coefficient of 29.9 × 10−13 m/W, and the 95TeO2-5BaF2 glass has the widest Raman gain bandwidth of 7.35 THz for the pumping laser at 633 nm. Furthermore, the first-order Raman Stokes light peaked at ∼2373 nm was obtained by using fluorotellurite fiber based on the above glasses as Raman gain medium and a 2000nm picoseconds laser as pump light. Our results provide guidance for further improving the performance of Raman fiber lasers or amplifiers based on fluorotellurite fibers.
Far-field speckle correlations as a function of object position for microscopically distinguishing objects hidden in a randomly scattering medium
Authors: Hastings Ryan L. , Alexander David W. , Webb Kevin J.
Published: November 2023

Super-resolution optical sensing is of critical importance in science and technology and has required prior information about an imaging system or obtrusive near-field probing. Additionally, coherent imaging and sensing in heavily scattering media such as biological tissue has been challenging, and practical approaches have either been restricted to measuring the field transmission of a single point source, or to where the medium is thin. We present the concept of far-subwavelength spatial sensing with relative object motion in speckle as a means to coherently sense through heavy scatter. Experimental results demonstrate the ability to distinguish nominally identical objects with nanometer-scale translation while hidden in randomly scattering media, without the need for precise or known location and with imprecise replacement. The theory and supportive illustrations presented provide the basis for super-resolution sensing and the possibility of virtually unlimited spatial resolution, including through thick, heavily scattering media with relative motion of an object in a structured field. This work provides enabling opportunities for material inspection, security, and biological sensing.
Temperature-independent almost perfect photon entanglement from quantum dots via the SUPER scheme
Authors: Bracht Thomas K. , Cygorek Moritz , Seidelmann Tim , Axt Vollrath Martin , Reiter Doris E.
Published: November 2023

Entangled photon pairs are essential for quantum communication
technology. They can be generated on-demand by semiconductor quantum
dots, but several mechanisms are known to reduce the degree of
entanglement. While some obstacles like the finite fine-structure
splitting of the exciton states can currently be overcome, the
excitation scheme itself can impair the entanglement fidelity. Here,
we demonstrate that the swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER)
scheme, using two red-detuned laser pulses applied to a quantum dot in
a cavity, yields almost perfectly entangled photons. The entanglement
remains robust against phonon influences even at elevated
temperatures, due to decoupling of the excitation and emission
process. With this achievement, quantum dots are ready to be used as
entangled photon pair sources in applications requiring high degrees
of entanglement up to temperatures of approximately 80 K.
FSO Beam Propagation Analysis for Fog Attenuation and Atmospheric Fluctuations Under Controlled Environment
Authors: Saeed Saad , Khan Abdullah Nafis , Younis Usman
Published: November 2023

A fog attenuation model for 633-nm beam propagated through atmospheric chamber is proposed and compared with Kim’s model for 1-km visibility. C
n
2 has been calculated using the measured data to determine Fried Parameter and atmospheric turbulence.
Density Gradient Spectra in Compressible Turbulence from Schlieren Images
Authors: Rivera-Rosario Hazel T. , Bewley Gregory P.
Published: November 2023

Density gradients in a turbulent jet are measured using quantitative Schlieren imaging. The corresponding frequency spectra is compared at jet Mach numbers between 0.03 and 0.7.
Measuring the Near-Ground Turbulence Gradient by Differential Angle-of-Arrival Analysis of LED Array Images
Authors: Henriksson Markus , Grundmark Jens
Published: November 2023

The vertical gradient of the refractive index structure parameter is measured by analyzing differential angle of arrival differences for rows of light emitting diodes. Height dependence close to z-2/3 is found with some diurnal variation.
Axial scintillations of vortex beam
Authors: Charnotskii Mikhail
Published: November 2023

We calculate scintillation index at the axis of a vortex beam for weak and strong turbulence. Calculations are based on the asymptotic expansions of the Feynman path integral representation of the fourth moment of the field. Axial scintillation appeared to be strong even under weak turbulence conditions with scintillation index approaching unity.
Determining the Presence of Anisotropic Turbulence using an Optical Vortex
Authors: van Iersel Miranda , Adams Elaheh , Ferlic Nathaniel A. , Davis Christopher C.
Published: November 2023

The intensity distribution of an optical vortex beam is explored for measurement of atmospheric turbulence with varying phase variance and anisotropy. Wave optics simulations are performed to model the random effects of turbulence.
Parent and clinician perceptions and recommendations on a pediatric cancer pain management app: A qualitative co-design study
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A. , Sivaratnam Surabhi , Hashemi Elham , Chu Charlene H. , Nathan Paul C. , Chartrand Julie , Alberts Nicole M. , Masama Tatenda , Pease Hannah G. , Torres Lessley B. , Cortes Haydee G. , Zworth Mallory , Kuczynski Susan , Fortier Michelle A.
Published: November 2023

Pain is one of the most prevalent and burdensome pediatric cancer symptoms for young children and their families. A significant proportion of pain episodes are experienced in environments where management options are limited, including at home. Digital innovations such as apps may have positive impacts on pain outcomes for young children in these environments. Our overall aim is to co-design such an app and the objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of children’s parents about app utility, needed system features, and challenges. We recruited parents of young children with cancer and multidisciplinary pediatric oncology clinicians from two pediatric cancer care centers to participate in audio-recorded, semi-structured, co-design interviews. We conducted interviews structured around technology acceptance and family caregiving theories until data saturation was reached. Audio-recordings were then transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Forty-two participants took part in the process. Participants endorsed the concept of an app as a useful, safe, and convenient way to engage caregivers in managing their young child’s pain. Overall, the app was valued as a means to provide real-time, multimodal informational and procedural pain support to parents, while also reducing the emotional burden of pain care. Recommendations for intervention design included accessibility-focused features, comprehensive symptom tracking, and embedded scientific- and clinically-sound symptom assessments and management advice. Predicted challenges to app use included the workload burden it may place on parents and clinicians. The insights gathered will inform the design principles of our future childhood cancer pain digital research.
Comparison of new and old BacT/ALERT aerobic bottles for detection of Candida species
Authors: Choe Kye Won , Lim Yong Kwan , Lee Mi-Kyung
Published: November 2023

Purpose

A new version of aerobic blood culture media has been developed for the BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux) blood culture system. We evaluated the time to detection and yeast cell counts in positive blood cultures for each Candida spp. according to changes in media.

Methods

Isolates from defibrinated horse blood were inoculated into three types of bottles: the old version of aerobic bottle, new version of aerobic bottle, and anaerobic bottle. All bottles were incubated in the BacT/ALERT Virtuo blood culture system. The time to detection was monitored for each bottle, and yeast cell counts were performed immediately after testing positive, determined via the plate count method. Clinical retrospective data of the candidemia samples before and after aerobic bottle change also were analyzed.

Results

The median time to detection was 52.47 hours in the old aerobic bottles versus 19.92 hours in the new aerobic bottles (P < 0.001) for Candida glabrata, and standard and clinical strains showed similar results. C. albicans (27.6 to 24.95 hours) and C. guilliermondii (28.92 to 26.9 hours) had shorter time to detection. However, C. auris (25.43 to 28.25 hours) had a longer time to detection in the new aerobic bottle. The retrospective clinical analysis showed a significant decrease in time to detection (45.0 to 19.4 hours) for C. glabrata, which is consistent with our simulated study result for C. glabrata. As a result of analysis including all blood specimens, C. tropicalis showed a significant delay in time to detection in new aerobic bottles. In an analysis limited to peripheral blood specimens, the time to detection of C. parapsilosis was longer in new aerobic bottles than in old aerobic bottles.

Conclusion

Most Candida species did not show remarkable TTD differences, but TTD of C. glabrata was markedly reduced in the New FA Plus bottle. The reduction of time to detection enables faster detection and therapeutic approach for C. glabrata infections.
Protocol for a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of Structured Diet (SD) and Regular Therapy (RT) for adolescents with malnutrition having Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Akter Ruksana , Urme Nadia Afrin , Hossain K. M. Amran , Hossain Tofajjal , Ahammad Shameem , Yeasmin Mst. Hosneara , Hossain Md. Zahid , Parvin Rashida , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Zahid Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Published: November 2023

Background

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a lifelong impact on behavior, communication, cognitive function, education, physical functioning, and personal, or social life. Separate studies suggest, Therapeutic and dietary interventions are effective to some extent in managing these issues. No study integrated the nutrition and therapeutic approaches and examined the outcome on disease severity, overall health, and behavioral status in ASD. The proposed study is designed to evaluate the combined effect of regular therapy (RT) and structured diet (SD) compared to the usual diet (UD) for Adolescents with ASD.

Methods

The proposed study will be a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with the assessor, therapist, and participants blinded to group allocation. Seventy ASD children with malnutrition will be enrolled in two different facilities of the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) between January 2023 and June 2023. Participants will be enrolled through a hospital-based randomization process from a population-based screening dataset, and with a concealed group allocation to either RT+ SD or RT+ UD group with a 1:1 ratio. The outcome measures are the Childhood Autism Rating Scale as per DSM‐5 to determine the severity of ASD, Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and BMI for nutritional status, and Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2) to assess the behavioral status. Post-test will be performed after 12 weeks of intervention, and Follow-up will be taken after 6 months of post-test.

Perspectives

The result of the study will contribute to the provision of a comprehensive approach to malnourished Adolescents with ASD, and manage the issues related to the severity of ASD, stereotypical behavior, and anticipated health hazards.

Clinical trial identifier

CTRI/2022/11/047653.
Strategies for the production of isotopically labelled Fab fragments of therapeutic antibodies in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) and Escherichia coli for NMR studies
Authors: Gagné Donald , Sarker Muzaddid , Gingras Geneviève , Hodgson Derek J. , Frahm Grant , Creskey Marybeth , Lorbetskie Barry , Bigelow Stewart , Wang Jun , Zhang Xu , Johnston Michael J. W. , Lu Huixin , Aubin Yves
Published: November 2023

The importance and fast growth of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, both innovator and biosimilar products, have triggered the need for the development of characterization methods at high resolution such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. However, the full power of NMR spectroscopy cannot be unleashed without labelling the mAb of interest with NMR-active isotopes. Here, we present strategies using either Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) or Escherichia coli that can be widely applied for the production of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of therapeutic antibodies of immunoglobulin G1 kappa isotype. The E. coli approach consists of expressing Fab fragments as a single polypeptide chain with a cleavable linker between the heavy and light chain in inclusion bodies, while K. phaffii secretes a properly folded fragment in the culture media. After optimization, the protocol yielded 10–45 mg of single chain adalimumab-Fab, trastuzumab-Fab, rituximab-Fab, and NISTmAb-Fab per liter of culture. Comparison of the 2D-1H-15N-HSQC spectra of each Fab fragment, without their polyhistidine tag and linker, with the corresponding Fab from the innovator product showed that all four fragments have folded into the correct conformation. Production of 2H-13C-15N-adalimumab-scFab and 2H-13C-15N-trastuzumab-scFab (>98% enrichment for all three isotopes) yielded NMR samples where all amide deuterons have completely exchanged back to proton during the refolding procedure.
The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reyes-Farias Carlos Ignacio , Reategui-Diaz Marcelo , Romani-Romani Franco , Prokop Larry
Published: November 2023

Background

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have shown a favorable effect on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their efficacy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without T2DM has not yet been analyzed.

Objective

To assess the cardiovascular and renal effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with CKD with and without T2DM, including all CKD patients in the current literature.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Scopus for randomized controlled trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors that evaluated cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with CKD, or trials in which these patients were a subgroup. We defined 2 primary outcomes: a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, and a composite renal outcome. For each outcome, we obtained overall hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals by using a random effects model.

Results

We included 14 randomized controlled trials. SGLT-2 inhibitors decreased the hazard for the primary cardiovascular outcome (HR 0.76; [95% CI 0.72–0.79]) and the primary renal outcome (HR 0.69; [95% CI 0.61–0.79]) in patients with CKD with or without T2DM. We did not find significant differences in the subgroup analyses according to diabetes status, baseline eGFR values or the type of SGLT-2 inhibitor used.

Conclusion

In patients with CKD, treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors in addition to standard therapy conferred protection against cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Further research on patients with non-diabetic CKD should be done to confirm the utility of these medications in this population. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021275012).
Finding something interesting
Authors: Cassidy Margaret
Published: November 2023

This editorial reflects on the 2023 Media Ecology Association Convention in New York and points out areas of common ground between the convention and this issue of the journal.
Antecedents of marketing climate change adaption construction materials: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Kwame Obiri , Mensah Nicholas Oppong , Tandoh Isaac , Roberts Nana Jesse Telfa , Duffour Kwame Asare
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Climate Change affects all countries in the world. It impacts negatively on the living conditions of humankind, especially livelihood, temperature change, rainfall regime, and rise in tidal waves. Design/Methodology/Approach: The population in the real estate industry. A descriptive design was used, including questionnaires, to gather data. Since the study sought to examine the willingness to purchase accordingly, a logit regression model was used to predict the likelihood that the dependent variable willingness to pay (WTP) equals 1 (rather than 0). Findings: Income level, price of the products, respondent’s age, gender, and availability of policies concerning eco-friendly products and identified associated health risks positively influence respondents’ WTP. The study reveals that in the real estate sector of the Ghanaian economy, there is a positive WTP eco-friendly roofing product; hence, entrepreneurs and investors should take advantage of the urgency to reduce the impact of climate change in Ghana by investing in eco-friendly products for both the real estate and construction sectors of the economy. Recommendations: The results show that any eco-friendly roof material must raise consumer awareness about the effects of climate change and shape consumer perceptions.
ULTRASONIC CAVITATION EFFECT ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LINSEED OIL-BASED EMULSIONS
Authors: Feofilaktova Olga Vladimirovna , Feigelman Vladislav Lvovich , Aboushanab Said Abdellatif Said , Kovaleva Elena Geranovna
Published: November 2023

Ultrasonic homogenization is a promising method of emulsion formation. Linseed oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the optimal ratio was used as a control sample and the fat base of the emulsions. The effect of ultrasonic treatment can lead to a change in the percentage of fatty acids due to the acceleration and initiation of several chemical reactions. To assess the feasibility of using ultrasound in food production, the fatty acid composition of natural linseed oil and emulsions obtained from it, treated by ultrasound with different durations were studied. The study monitored the formation of radicals since increasing temperature and pressure during the collapse of cavitation bubbles initiates the formation of free hydrogen H- and hydroxyl OH- radicals within and next to them. These may initiate the oxidation of bioorganic compounds in the food product. The research results show that emulsions exposure to the ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz for 10, 20 and 30 minutes are capable to maintain the ratio of fatty acids while obtaining a homogeneous, finely dispersed and stable food emulsion. Deviations in the values characterizing the fatty acids content in the emulsions treated by ultrasound for 10, 20 and 30 minutes as compared with the control sample – linseed oil are insignificant (0.02±0.015% to 0.83±0.015). Using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance, the absence of free radicals was established both in the control sample – flax oil, and in emulsions obtained on its basis, homogenized using ultrasonic exposure.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NIGELLA SATIVA L. SEED OIL INTRODUCED IN DAGESTAN
Authors: Gabibullaeva Leyla Akhmedovna , Ramazanov Arsen Shamsudinovich
Published: November 2023

Nigella sativa L. is an annual herbaceous plant grown not only as an ornamental plant, but also has been used in folk medicine. N. sativa seeds are a source of biologically active substances. This paper provides an analysis of the quantitative content of fatty acids in samples of various ecological and geographical origin. It is shown that seeds grown in Dagestan are characterized by a relatively high content of fatty oil. The characteristics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids, depending on their origin, are given. The highest content of linoleic and stearic fatty acids was found in the sample from Egypt. Palmitic acid was the highest in the sample from Saudi Arabia, and oleic acid was the highest in the sample from Azerbaijan. The revealed differences in the fat content are of great importance, since samples for breeding purposes can be selected on their basis. In particular, the sample from Azerbaijan showed relatively high levels of oleic acid, which generally contributes to the increase in the antioxidant activity of vegetable oil and lengthens of the keeping period.