bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microgeographic local adaptation and ecotype distributions: The role of selective processes on early life‐history traits in sympatric, ecologically divergent Symphonia populations
Authors: Tysklind Niklas , Etienne Marie‐Pierre , Scotti‐Saintagne Caroline , Tinaut Alexandra , Casalis Maxime , Troispoux Valerie , Cazal Saint‐Omer , Brousseau Louise , Ferry Bruno , Scotti Ivan
Published: September 2020

Trees are characterized by the large number of seeds they produce. Although most of those seeds will never germinate, plenty will. Of those which germinate, many die young, and eventually, only a minute fraction will grow to adult stage and reproduce. Is this just a random process? Do variations in germination and survival at very young stages rely on variations in adaptations to microgeographic heterogeneity? and do these processes matter at all in determining tree species distribution and abundance?

We have studied these questions with the Neotropical Symphonia tree species. In the Guiana shield, Symphonia are represented by at least two sympatric taxa or ecotypes, Symphonia globulifera found almost exclusively in bottomlands, and a yet undescribed more generalist taxon/ecotype, Symphonia sp1. A reciprocal transplantation experiment (510 seeds, 16 conditions) was set up and followed over the course of 6 years to evaluate the survival and performance of individuals from different ecotypes and provenances.

Germination, survival, growth, and herbivory showed signs of local adaptation, with some combinations of ecotypes and provenances growing faster and surviving better in their own habitat or provenance region. S. globulifera was strongly penalized when planted outside its home habitat but showed the fastest growth rates when planted in its home habitat, suggesting it is a specialist of a high‐risk high‐gain strategy. Conversely, S. sp1 behaved as a generalist, performing well in a variety of environments.

The differential performance of seeds and seedlings in the different habitats matches the known distribution of both ecotypes, indicating that environmental filtering at the very early stages can be a key determinant of tree species distributions, even at the microgeographic level and among very closely related taxa. Furthermore, such differential performance also contributes to explain, in part, the maintenance of the different Symphonia ecotypes living in intimate sympatry despite occasional gene flow.
Charge Storage Properties of Aqueous Halide Supercapatteries with Activated Carbon and Graphene Nanoplatelets as Active Electrode Materials
Authors: Akinwolemiwa Bamidele , Wei Chaohui , Yang Qinghua , Chen George Z.
Published: September 2020

Device level performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries fabricated with equal electrode mass of activated carbon or graphene nanoplatelets has been characterized. It was revealed that the surface oxygen groups in the graphitic structures of the nanoplatelets contributed toward a more enhanced charge storage capacity in bromide containing redox electrolytes. Moreover, the rate performance of the devices could be linked to the effect of the pore size of the carbons on the dynamics of the inactive alkali metal counterion of the redox halide salt. Additionally, the charge storage performance of aqueous halide supercapatteries with graphene nanoplatelets as the electrode material may be attributed to the combined effect of the porous structure on the dynamics of the non‐active cations and a possible interaction of the Br−/(Br2 + Br3−) redox triple with the surface oxygen groups within the graphitic layer of the nanoplatelets. Generally, it has been shown that the surface groups and microstructure of electrode materials must be critically correlated with the redox electrolytes in the ongoing efforts to commercialize these devices.
Management of catheter ablation in arrhythmia patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic
Authors: Li Kaige , Qin Mu , Jiang Weifeng , Zhang Yu , Wu Shaohui , Xu Kai , Liu Xu
Published: September 2020

Aims

Health care providers have reduced outpatient services and delayed elective cardiac surgeries during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic, while a large number of patients face more cardiovascular risks compared with those of the pandemic. The present study attempted to explore the management of catheter ablation in arrhythmia patients during the pandemic.

Methods and results

From 1 January 2020 to 24 March 2020, a total of 269 arrhythmia patients hospitalized for catheter ablation under strict risk assessments and careful infection prevention were retrospectively analysed and considered for our analysis at our centre. Preventive measured included a 14 day quarantine, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleic acid detection, adoption of personal protection equipment, application of hand disinfectant, management of hospital visitors, and maintenance of environmental hygiene. Three patients who had fever following ablation and were finally excluded from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and no hospital infection occurred during the 3.1 ± 1.5 day hospitalization period. Additionally, 258/269 (95.9%) patients were free from arrhythmia after a median 133 day follow‐up (Q1, 81; Q3, 143; ending 1 June 2020), and no SARS‐CoV‐2 infections occurred at follow‐up.

Conclusions

By adopting strict risk assessments and careful infection prevention measures, catheter ablation in patients with arrhythmia can be safely and effectively performed during the COVID‐19 epidemic in well‐controlled areas.
Oxidative Alkoxylation/Dehydrogenation of Unactivated Cyclic Ketones with Simple Alcohols: Direct Route to α‐Alkoxy Cycloenones
Authors: Yan Yizhe , Li Shaoqing , Wang Jianyong
Published: September 2020

An oxidative functionalization of cyclopentanones or cyclohexanones with simple alcohols was first demonstrated, affording a series of 2‐alkoxycyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐ones or 2‐alkoxycyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction was involved in tandem iodization, substitution, oxidation and addition‐elimination processes in one pot. This method is highly atom‐economical and operationally simple.
High individual pain variability in people living with HIV: A graphical analysis
Authors: Wadley Antonia Louise , Venter Willem D. F. , Moorhouse Michelle , Akpomiemie Godspower , Serenata Celicia , Hill Andrew , Sokhela Simiso , Mqamelo Noxolo , Kamerman Peter R.
Published: September 2020

Background

People living with HIV (PLWH) frequently experience pain. Following calls to analyse individual‐level data in addition to group‐level data in pain studies, we compared individual and group‐level changes in pain prevalence, intensity and number of pain sites over 48 weeks in a large cohort of PLWH. This is the largest ever cohort study of pain in PLWH, and is the first to report pain at the level of the individual.

Methods

Participants included all participants with complete pain records from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for the treatment of HIV (n = 787/1053). At weeks 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 we assessed participants’ pain in the last week; presence of pain, and if present, the intensity and locations of the pain. We used standard averaging methods to describe data at the group level, and unique graphical reporting methods to analyse data at the level of the individual.

Results

Group‐level data demonstrated a trend for pain prevalence to decline over time (19% week 0, 12% week 48). Worst pain intensity remained stable (median between 4/10 and 5/10), as did the number (median = 1) and common sites of pain across the 48 weeks. In contrast, individual‐level data demonstrated high intra‐individual variability with regards to the presence of pain, and the intensity and location of the pain.

Conclusions

While our group‐level data were similar to previous longitudinal studies, an apparent reduction in pain over 48 weeks, the individual‐level data showed large variability within individuals in that same time frame.

Significance

This graphical analysis highlights the high variability in pain (pain prevalence, intensity and body sites) across time in people living with HIV, and how presenting averaged data hides this important variability. Our data support the reporting of individual‐level data in human experimental and observational studies.
Synthesis and Characterisations of Mixed Tellurium and Iodine Anions Based Chacolgen‐Halogen Lead Perovskite
Authors: Masikini Milua , Mkehlane Moleko Samuel , Iwuoha Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Various types of low band gap materials have been reported as suitable components for the development of solar cells. These include oxygenated amorphous silicon (a‐SiO:H) with energy bang gap (Eg=1.8–2.0 eV), kesterites (Eg=1.0–1.7 eV), and more recently perovskites (Eg=1.6–2.3 eV) which are ambipolar inorganic‐organic hybrid semiconductors. The most extensively reported perovskite is methylammonium lead (II) iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) with a tetragonal crystal structure having a direct Eg around 1.6 eV and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 24 %. Recently, in order to resolve simultaneously both stability and toxicity challenges raised by conventional perovskite solar cells, chalcogenide materials have fascinated attention of researchers. This work, for the first time mixed tellurium (chalcogenide) and iodine (halogen) perovskite is explored to identify novel photovoltaic absorbers that can replace conventional perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). Therefore, we present synthesis of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite material by means of wet chemical solution technique, by introducing during the preparation the ions of tellurium into the precursors using solvent mixture of dimethylformamide (DMF)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at ambient temperature. The optical band gap (Eg) of CH3NH3PbI3‐xTex was estimated to be 1.98 eV using the Tauc plot which is within the range for an ideal perovskite. The high band gap obtained makes the material as an interesting candidate for multijunction solar cells. Though, more need to be done in term of synthesis, film making and an exact tuning of the band gap.
Use of Dicloxacillin Al(III) Complex as a Modifier for Determination of Al(III) Ion in Real Samples
Authors: Youssef Ahmed F. A. , Abd Dayiem Marwa , Shehab Ola R.
Published: September 2020

Three new modified electrodes based on a well‐characterized Al(III)‐Dicloxacillin complex (Dicloxacillin: penicillin antibiotic) in the form of carbon‐paste, PVC and coated graphite were fabricated and investigated for determination of Al(III) ions in multivitamin syrup, tap water and soda cans. The developed sensors showed excellent sensitives to Al(III) ions with slopes in the range of 16.77–20.00 mV/concentration decade and detection limits of 4.04×10−4–3.16×10−7 mol L−1 as well as fast response time of 10–20 s. The electrodes were effectively applied as indicators in the potentiometric titration of Al(III) with disodium hydrogen phosphate.
Interaction of Miltefosine with Microcavity Supported Lipid Membrane: Biophysical Insights from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sarangi Nirod Kumar , Prabhakaran Amrutha , Keyes Tia E.
Published: September 2020

Miltefosine an alkylphosphocholine analogue, is the only drug taken orally for the treatment of leishmaniasis‐a parasitic disease caused by sandflies. Although it is believed that Miltefosine exerts its activity by acting at the lipid membrane, detailed understanding of the interaction of this drug with eukaryotic membranes is still lacking. Herein, we exploit microcavity pore suspended lipid bilayers (MSLBs) as a biomimetic platform in combination with a highly sensitive label‐free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique to gain biophysical insight into the interaction of Miltefosine with host cell membrane as a function of lipid membranes composition. Four membrane compositions with increasing complexity were evaluated; DOPC, DOPC : Chol (75 : 25), domain forming DOPC : SM : Chol (40 : 40 : 20) and mammalian plasma membrane (MPM) mimetic DOPC:DOPE:Chol:SM:DOPS (32 : 25 : 20 : 15 : 8) and used to study the interaction of Miltefosine in a concentration‐dependent manner using EIS. The membrane resistance changes in response to Miltefosine were modelled by an empirical Langmuir isotherm binding model to provide estimates of binding saturation and equilibrium association constant. Miltefosine was found to have greatest impact on electrochemical properties of the simpler membrane systems; DOPC and DOPC : Chol, where these membranes were found to be more susceptible to membrane thinning, attributed to strong permeation/penetration of the drug whilst, compositions that included both Chol and SM, expected to contain large liquid‐ordered domains exhibited weaker changes to membrane resistance but strongest drug association. In contrast, at the MPM membrane, Miltefosine exerts weakest association, which is tentatively attributed to electrostatic effects from the anionic DOPS but some membrane thinning is observed reflected in change in resistance and capacitance values attributed to some weak permeation.
Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State-of-the Science and a Proposed Path Forward
Authors: Ankley Gerald T. , Cureton Philippa , Hoke Robert A. , Houde Magali , Kumar Anupama , Kurias Jessy , Lanno Roman , McCarthy Chris , Newsted John , Salice Christopher J. , Sample Bradley E. , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Steevens Jeffery , Valsecchi Sara
Published: September 2020

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well-understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state-of-the-science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross-disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource-effective manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:564–605. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Effects of drying time on the aroma of garlic (Allium sativum L.) seasoning powder
Authors: Li Kaixuan , Zhan Ping , Tian Honglei , Wang Peng , Ji Yunyun
Published: September 2020

To investigate the effects of different drying times on the aroma of garlic seasoning powder (GSP), five GSP samples, including raw (1) and dry‐treated (4) samples by hot air drying with different times, were analyzed by solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (SPME/GC‐MS) combined with quantitative descriptive analysis (QDS) and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O). The GC‐MS analysis allowed identifying 49 volatile compounds in GSP samples. GSPs provided a high number of sulfur‐containing compounds, mainly diallyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, 3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dithiacyclohex‐4‐ene, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were closely related to the aroma of seasoning powder. Statistically significant differences resulted among raw (GSP1) and dried samples (GSP2‐GSP5), relating to the drying time. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), the results showed that raw and dry‐treated GSPs provided different volatile profiles and presented different sensory behaviors during drying. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) result elucidated that the evolution of heterocyclic compounds and thioethers was highly correlated with sensory profiles. The aroma properties of sulfides in garlic seasoning powder were closely related to the changes in sulfide content during processing, which may lead to differences in aroma between GSPs. These results might serve as a reference for garlic processing and provide valuable information for the future commercial utilization of garlic in the food industry.
Standard‐space atlas of the viscoelastic properties of the human brain
Authors: Hiscox Lucy V. , McGarry Matthew D. J. , Schwarb Hillary , Van Houten Elijah E. W. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Roberts Neil , Huesmann Graham R. , Burzynska Agnieszka Z. , Sutton Bradley P. , Hillman Charles H. , Kramer Arthur F. , Cohen Neal J. , Barbey Aron K. , Paulsen Keith D. , Johnson Curtis L.
Published: September 2020

Standard anatomical atlases are common in neuroimaging because they facilitate data analyses and comparisons across subjects and studies. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized human brain atlas based on the physical mechanical properties (i.e., tissue viscoelasticity) of brain tissue using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MRE is a phase contrast‐based MRI method that quantifies tissue viscoelasticity noninvasively and in vivo thus providing a macroscopic representation of the microstructural constituents of soft biological tissue. The development of standardized brain MRE atlases are therefore beneficial for comparing neural tissue integrity across populations. Data from a large number of healthy, young adults from multiple studies collected using common MRE acquisition and analysis protocols were assembled (N = 134; 78F/ 56 M; 18–35 years). Nonlinear image registration methods were applied to normalize viscoelastic property maps (shear stiffness, μ, and damping ratio, ξ) to the MNI152 standard structural template within the spatial coordinates of the ICBM‐152. We find that average MRE brain templates contain emerging and symmetrized anatomical detail. Leveraging the substantial amount of data assembled, we illustrate that subcortical gray matter structures, white matter tracts, and regions of the cerebral cortex exhibit differing mechanical characteristics. Moreover, we report sex differences in viscoelasticity for specific neuroanatomical structures, which has implications for understanding patterns of individual differences in health and disease. These atlases provide reference values for clinical investigations as well as novel biophysical signatures of neuroanatomy. The templates are made openly available (github.com/mechneurolab/mre134) to foster collaboration across research institutions and to support robust cross‐center comparisons.
One‐pot synthesis of novel benzimidazoles with a naphthalene moiety as antimicrobial agents and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ersan Ronak Haj , Yuksel Ahmet , Ertan‐Bolelli Tugba , Dogen Aylin , Burmaoglu Serdar , Algul Oztekin
Published: September 2020

In an attempt to design a greener approach for the synthesis of a potent class of antimicrobials, 1,2‐phenylenediamine derivatives were reacted with various 1/2‐carboxylic acid‐substituted naphthalene derivatives to generate a series of naphthyl‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives (11–19) using polyphosphoric acid as catalyst under microwave irradiation and conventional synthesis method. This is an eco‐friendly and swift reaction method for a synthetic approach to diverse benzimidazoles. Structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral data and they were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Compound18showed maximum potency against all Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value in the range of 7.81–62.50 μg/ml. Only compound17was found to be the most active against all fungal strains with a MIC value of 15.62 μg/ml. In this study, we performed molecular docking experiments to understand the interactions between compounds17and18andE. colitopoisomerase I, and we compared the results obtained with that of 2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐5‐[5‐(4‐methylpiperazin−1‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazole (DMA). Compounds17and18demonstrated strong interactions with important active site residues, similar to DMA. As a result, the compounds obtained from this study can be used in designing new potent inhibitors ofE. colitopoisomerase I.
“You are already all you need to be”: A case illustration of compassion‐focused therapy for shame and perfectionism
Authors: Matos Marcela , Steindl Stanley R.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the case of a 28‐year‐old woman diagnosed with major depressive disorder, with strong features of perfectionism, shame, and self‐criticism, treated via 12 sessions of compassion‐focused therapy (CFT). CFT is an integrative therapeutic approach that draws upon evolutionary psychology, attachment theory, and applied psychological processes from neuroscience, clinical and social psychology. The effectiveness of compassion focused approaches with perfectionism and self‐criticism across a range of clinical disorders is becoming increasingly well‐established. Given this mounting evidence, a four‐phase, 12‐session CFT treatment plan was developed for this case: (1–2) establishing the therapeutic relationship; (3–4) psychoeducation regarding the evolutionary model of compassion; (5–8) compassionate mind training and skills development; (9–11) working with perfectionism, shame, and self‐criticism. A follow‐up session focused on envisioning a compassionate future. Therapeutic process and clinical outcome will be discussed, as well as implications for using CFT in clinical practice, especially where perfectionism, shame, and self‐criticism are part of the clinical presentation.
When Sustainability is Not a Liability: The Halo Effect of Marketplace Morality
Authors: Chernev Alexander , Blair Sean
Published: September 2020

Prior research has suggested that consumers believe that products made using sustainable, environmentally friendly technologies are likely to underperform those made using traditional methods. We question the robustness of this assumption and identify scenarios in which sustainability is likely to have the opposite effect, strengthening rather than weakening consumers' product performance beliefs. Specifically, we argue that sustainability is likely to produce a halo effect able to attenuate and even override the negative impact of compensatory inferences underlying consumers' belief that sustainability comes at the expense of performance. We propose that this halo effect stems from consumers' view of the company as a moral agent engaged in a prosocial behavior. In this context, we identify two factors that are likely to influence the strength of the halo effect: the degree to which consumers view the company as a moral agent whose actions aim to benefit society and the degree to which moral concerns are prominent in consumers' minds. Following this line of reasoning, we identify two ways in which managers can increase the perceived performance of sustainable products: by associating sustainable benefits with the company rather than with its products and by emphasizing the societal benefits of sustainability. We test these predictions in a series of four empirical studies that show convergent evidence for our theorizing. Our findings have important public policy implications, documenting actionable strategies that managers can use to mitigate the potential negative impact of sustainability and strengthen the perceived performance of sustainable products.
Advanced sequence optimization for the high efficient yield of human group A rotavirus VP6 recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and its use as immunogen
Authors: Masoudi Maha , Teimoori Ali , Tabaraei Alijan , Shahbazi Majid , Divbandi Marzieh , Lorestani Nazanin , Yamchi Ahad , Nikoo Hadi Razavi
Published: September 2020

Rotavirus is the important etiological agents of infectious diarrhea among children under 5 years old. Rotaviruses are divided into 10 serogroups (A–J) and each group is based on genetic properties of major structural protein VP6. We designed a novel VP6 sequence optimization to increase the expression level of this protein. Numerous factors such as codon adaptation index, codon pair bias, and guanine‐cytosine content were adapted based on Escherichiacoli codon usage. In addition, the ribosome binding site (RBS) of pET‐15b was redesigned by the RBS calculator and the secondary structure of VP6 messenger RNA was optimized in the whole length of the coding sequence. Various factors including isopropyl beta‐
d‐thiogalactoside (IPTG) concentration, temperature, and induction time were analyzed for the optimization of the best expression in E. coli by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The recombinant VP6 (rVP6) protein was purified by the Ni‐sepharose and then the hyperimmune sera were generated against rVP6 in rabbits. Among three different temperatures, IPTG concentrations, and postinductions, the level of rVP6 was higher at 37°C, 1 mM of IPTG, and 8 h, respectively. Also, the high expression level of rVP6 was obtained in the insoluble aggregate form (43.8 g/L). After purification, the yield of rVP6 was 10.83 g/L. The rVP6 specific antiserum was confirmed by both immunofluorescent and western blotting. The versatile sequence optimization was the reason to produce a high level of rVP6 compared to other reports and can potentially apply to produce cheaper commercial kits to diagnose serological tests and new rotavirus vaccines.
Digging metagenomic data of pangolins revealed SARS‐CoV‐2 related viruses and other significant viruses
Authors: Yang Shixing , Shan Tongling , Xiao Yuqing , Zhang Heteng , Wang Xiaochun , Shen Quan , Wang Yan , Yao Yuxin , Liu Qi , Wang Hao , Zhang Wen
Published: September 2020

Pangolin metagenomic data obtained from public databases were used to assemble partial or complete viral genomes showing genetic relationship to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), Sendai virus, flavivirus, picornavirus, parvovirus, and genomovirus, respectively. Most of these virus genomes showed genomic recombination signals. Phylogeny based on the SARS‐CoV‐2‐related virus sequences assembled in this study and those recently published indicated that pangolin SARS‐CoV‐2‐related viruses were clustered into two sub‐lineages according to geographic sampling sites. These findings suggest the need for further pangolin samples, from different countries, to be collected and analyzed for coronavirus to elucidate whether pangolins are intermittent hosts for SARS‐CoV‐2.
TMT‐MS/MS proteomic analysis of the carbohydrate‐active enzymes in the fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis during storage
Authors: Ye Si‐Qiang , Zou Yuan , Zheng Qian‐Wang , Liu Ying‐Li , Li Rui‐Rong , Lin Jun‐Fang , Guo Li‐Qiong
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis deteriorates rapidly after harvest, causing a decline in its commercial value and a great reduction in its shelf life. According to the present research, carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) may cause the softening, liquefaction and autolysis of mature mushrooms after harvest. To further understand the in vivo molecular mechanism of CAZymes affecting the postharvest quality of P. tuoliensis fruiting bodies, a tandem mass tags labelling combined liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (TMT‐MS/MS) proteomic analysis was performed on P. tuoliensis fruiting bodies during storage at 25 °C.

RESULTS

A total of 4737 proteins were identified, which had at least one unique peptide and had a confidence level above 95%. Consequently, 1307 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were recruited using the criteria of abundance fold change (FC) >1.5 or < 0.67 and P < 0.05. The identified proteins were annotated by dbCAN2, a meta server for automated CAZymes annotation. Subsequently, 222 CAZymes were obtained. Several CAZymes participating in the cell wall degradation process, including β‐glucosidase, glucan 1,3‐β‐glucosidase, endo‐1,3(4)‐β‐glucanase and chitinases, were significantly upregulated during storage. The protein expression level of CAZymes, such as xylanase, amylase and glucoamylase, were upregulated significantly, which may participate in the P. tuoliensis polysaccharide degradation.

CONCLUSIONS

The identified CAZymes degraded the polysaccharides and lignin, destroying the cell wall structure, preventing cell wall remodeling, causing a loss of nutrients and the browning phenomenon, accelerating the deterioration of P. tuoliensis fruiting body. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Military Combat, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Course of Alcohol Use Disorders in a Cohort of Australian Vietnam War Veterans
Authors: O'Toole Brian I. , Gorman Patrick , Catts Stanley V.
Published: September 2020

The present study examined the course of diagnosed alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in a cohort of Australian veterans of the Vietnam War (N = 388) who were assessed 22 and 36 years after returning home. Standardized interviews provided data on AUDs, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other psychiatric diagnoses, and combat exposure. Overall, 148 veterans (38.1%) had no history of alcohol‐related diagnoses, 151 veterans (38.9%) had a past AUD diagnosis that was not current at the second assessment point, and 89 veterans (22.9%) had a current AUD diagnosis at the second assessment. Less education, lower intelligence test scores, and misconduct were individual risk factors for AUDs, as were first‐interview diagnoses of PTSD, antisocial personality disorder, generalized anxiety, and dysthymia, but not depression; these variables were all nonsignificant after controlling for combat exposure and PTSD. Multinomial regression was used to assess the relative contributions of combat exposure and PTSD to the course of AUDs. Combat exposure and PTSD had different patterns of association with AUDs whereby combat exposure, but not PTSD, was associated with a history of AUDs, odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, but not with current AUDs, whereas PTSD, but not combat exposure, was associated with current AUDs, OR = 3.37. Current numbing and avoidance symptoms were associated with current AUDs, OR = 4.48. The results do not support a mutual maintenance model of PTSD and AUDs but are consistent with a self‐medication model, which suggests treatment for PTSD may have beneficial effects on AUDs.
Additional Diagnostic Value of Fusion Imaging of CEUS and First CEUS of Invisible Hepatic Lesions ≤2 cm
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Yandong , Wang Fengmei , Zhang Xiang , Ding Jianmin , Zhou Hongyu , Jing Xiang
Published: September 2020

Objective

To explore the clinical value of image fusion of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in the diagnosis of invisible lesions with a size ≤2 cm on conventional ultrasound imaging, and compare it with the clinical value of “first CEUS” .

Methods

A total of 132 patients with 147 lesions with abnormal blood supply with a size ≤2 cm on CECT were included in this study. “first CEUS” was performed for these lesions. Then “fusion CEUS,” that is, CEUS administered after fusion of US and CECT images, was carried out. The detection rates of the “first CEUS” and “fusion CEUS” were compared. How “fusion CEUS” corrects the misdiagnosis of liver lesions on CECT was analyzed.

Results

One hundred nine lesions considered as HCC and 38 lesions considered as benign lesions on CECT were included. The detection rates for the lesions of “first CEUS” and “fusion CEUS” were 71.4% and 96.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the 147 lesions, 68 were with a diameter ≤ 1 cm. The detection rate of “first CEUS” and “fusion CEUS” were 55.9% and 95.6%, respectively (P < 0.001) for the lesions with a size ≤1 cm. “Fusion CEUS” and “first CEUS” corrected the misdiagnosis in 2 lesions on CECT.

Conclusion

The “first CEUS” and “fusion CEUS” can improve the lesion conspicuity. Compared with “first CEUS,” “fusion CEUS” has a higher diagnostic ability and hence can detect most of the invisible lesions on the former.
Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Proteins in the Upper and Lower Aerodigestive Tracts of Rats: Implications on COVID 19 Infections
Authors: Sato Taku , Ueha Rumi , Goto Takao , Yamauchi Akihito , Kondo Kenji , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: September 2020

Objective

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), exhibit not only respiratory symptoms but also symptoms of chemo‐sensitive disorders. Cellular entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 depends on the binding of its spike protein to a cellular receptor named angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the subsequent spike protein‐priming by host cell proteases, including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, high expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is considered to enhance the invading capacity of SARS‐CoV‐2.

Methods

To elucidate the underlying histological mechanisms of the aerodigestive disorders caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, we investigated the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins using immunohistochemistry, in the aerodigestive tracts of the tongue, hard palate with partial nasal tissue, larynx with hypopharynx, trachea, esophagus, and lung of rats.

Results

Co‐expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins was observed in the taste buds of the tongue, nasal epithelium, trachea, bronchioles, and alveoli with varying degrees of expression. Remarkably, TMPRSS2 expression was more distinct in the peripheral alveoli than in the central alveoli. These results coincide with the reported clinical symptoms of COVID‐19, such as the loss of taste, loss of olfaction, and respiratory dysfunction.

Conclusions

A wide range of organs have been speculated to be affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 depending on the expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Differential distribution of TMPRSS2 in the lung indicated the COVID‐19 symptoms to possibly be exacerbated by TMPRSS2 expression. This study might provide potential clues for further investigation of the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:E932–E939, 2021
A numerical method based on the Chebyshev cardinal functions for variable‐order fractional version of the fourth‐order 2D Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation
Authors: Hosseininia M. , Heydari M. H. , Hooshmandasl M. R. , Maalek Ghaini F. M. , Avazzadeh Z.
Published: September 2020

In this article, the variable‐order (VO) time fractional 2D Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation is introduced, and a semidiscrete approach is presented through 2D Chebyshev cardinal functions (CCFs) for solving this equation. In the proposed method, we obtain a recurrent algorithm by using the finite difference method to approximate the VO fractional differentiation, the weighted finite difference method with parameter θ, and the approximation of the unknown function by the 2D CCFs. The differentiation operational matrices and the collocation technique are used to extract a linear system of algebraic equations which can be easily solved. The credibility of the developed method is examined on three numerical examples.
A Narrative Review of the Anti‐Hyperglycemic and Satiating Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysates and Their Bioactive Peptides
Authors: Sharkey Shaun J. , Harnedy‐Rothwell Pádraigín A. , Allsopp Philip J. , Hollywood Lynsey E. , FitzGerald Richard J. , O'Harte Finbarr P. M.
Published: September 2020

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity are increasing globally. Food supplementation as a preventative option has become an attractive option in comparison to increased pharmacotherapy dependency. Hydrolysates of fish processing waste and by‐products have become particularly interesting in a climate of increased food wastage awareness and are rapidly gaining traction in food research. This review summarizes the available research so far on the potential effect of these hydrolysates on diabetes and appetite suppression. Scopus and Web of Science are searched using eight keywords (fish, hydrolysate, peptides, satiating, insulinotropic, incretin, anti‐obesity, DPP‐4 [dipeptidylpeptidase‐4/IV]) returning a total of 2549 results. Following exclusion criteria (repeated appearances, non‐fish marine sources [e.g., macroalgae], and irrelevant bioactivities [e.g., immunomodulatory, anti‐thrombotic]), 44 relevant publications are included in this review. Stimulation of hormone secretion, regulation of glucose uptake, anorexigenic potential, identified mechanisms of action, and research conducted on the most potent bioactive peptides identified within these hydrolysates are all specifically addressed. Results of this review conclude that despite wide methodological variation between studies, there is significant potential for the application of fish protein hydrolysates in the management of bodyweight and hyperglycemia.
Ultra–high‐frequency ultrasound imaging of sural nerve: A comparative study with nerve biopsy in progressive neuropathies
Authors: Puma Angela , Grecu Nicolae , Villa Luisa , Butori Catherine , Besson Thomas , Cambieri Chiara , Cavalli Michele , Azulay Nicolas , Sacconi Sabrina , Raffaelli Charles
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Nerve ultrasound has been used increasingly in clinical practice as a complementary test for diagnostic assessment of neuropathies, but nerve biopsy remains invaluable in certain cases. The aim of this study was to compare ultra–high‐frequency ultrasound (UHF‐US) to histologic findings in progressive polyneuropathies. Methods: Ten patients with severe, progressive neuropathies underwent ultrasound evaluation of the sural nerve before nerve biopsy. Ultrasound data were compared with histologic results in a retrospective manner. Results: Sural nerves were easily identified on UHF‐US. Nerve hyperechogenicity correlated with inflammatory infiltrates on biopsy. Nerve fascicles could be identified and measured on ultrasound in the majority of patients. Discussion: Hyperechogenicity on UHF‐US may be a marker of nerve inflammation in neuropathies. Furthermore, the UHF‐US probe allows for evaluation of sensory nerves in spite of their small size, providing valuable information on their size and on their internal structure.
Dialogical Family Guidance (dfg)—Development and implementation of an intervention for families with a child with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Cavonius‐Rintahaka Diana , Aho Anna Liisa , Billstedt Eva , Gillberg Christopher
Published: September 2020

Aim

To describe the development and implementation of a Dialogical Family Guidance (DFG) intervention, aimed at families with a child with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).

Design

The DFG components are presented and the content of a DFG training course. Professionals' experiences after the DFG training were evaluated.

Methods

Dialogical Family Guidance development phases and implementation process are examined. The Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence checklist (SQUIRE 2.0) was used to provide a framework for reporting new knowledge.

Results

The DFG training course seemed to increase possibilities of a more independent role as a nurse to deliver the DFG family intervention. The project showed that the use of dialogue can be difficult for some professionals. Analysis of the questionnaire completed after DFG training reported a high level of satisfaction. DFG training offered a new approach to deliver knowledge and understanding to families using dialogue, including tailored psychoeducation and emotional and practical guidance.
Physical plasma therapy accelerates wound re‐epithelialisation and enhances extracellular matrix formation in cutaneous skin grafts
Authors: Frescaline Nadira , Duchesne Constance , Favier Maryline , Onifarasoaniaina Rachel , Guilbert Thomas , Uzan Georges , Banzet Sébastien , Rousseau Antoine , Lataillade Jean‐Jacques
Published: September 2020

Skin grafting is a surgical method of cutaneous reconstruction, which provides volumetric replacement in wounds unable to heal by primary intention. Clinically, full‐thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are placed in aesthetically sensitive and mechanically demanding areas such as the hands, face, and neck. Complete or partial graft failure is the primary complication associated with this surgical procedure. Strategies aimed at improving the rate of skin graft integration will reduce the incidence of graft failure. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology offering innovative clinical applications. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of CAP to improve wound healing and skin graft integration into the recipient site. In vitro models that mimic wound healing were used to investigate the ability of CAP to enhance cellular migration, a key factor in cutaneous tissue repair. We demonstrated that CAP enhanced the migration of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. This increased cellular migration was possibly induced by the low dose of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by CAP. Using a mouse model of burn wound reconstructed with a full‐thickness skin graft, we showed that wounds treated with CAP healed faster than did control wounds. Immunohistochemical wound analysis showed that CAP treatment enhanced the expression of the dermal–epidermal junction components, which are vital for successful skin graft integration. CAP treatment was characterised by increased levels of Tgfbr1 mRNA and collagen I protein in vivo, suggesting enhanced wound maturity and extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanistically, we show that CAP induced the activation of the canonical SMAD‐dependent TGF‐β1 pathway in primary human dermal fibroblasts, which may explain the increased collagen I synthesis in vitro. These studies revealed that CAP improved wound repair and skin graft integration via mechanisms involving extracellular matrix formation. CAP offers a novel approach for treating cutaneous wounds and skin grafts. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug development for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Chmiel James F.
Published: September 2020

The first regulatory approval for a drug developed specifically for cystic fibrosis (CF) occurred in 1993, and since then, several other drugs have been approved. Median predicted survival in people with CF in the United States has increased from approximately 30 years to 44.4 years over that same period. Highly effective modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator became available to approximately 90% of people with CF ages 12 years and older in the United States in 2019 and in Europe in 2020. These transformative therapies will surely reduce morbidity and further extend longevity. The drug development pipeline is filled with therapies that address most aspects of CF disease. As survival and CF therapies advance, and the complexity of CF care increases, the process of drug development has become more sophisticated. In addition, detecting meaningful changes in outcome measures has become more difficult as the health status of people with CF improves. Innovative approaches are required to continue to advance drug development in CF. This review provides a general overview of drug development from the preclinical phase through Phase IV. Special considerations with respect to CF are integrated into the discussion of each phase of drug development. As CF care evolves, drug development must continue to evolve as well, until a one‐time cure is available to all people with CF.
Electrostatic Detection of Shubnikov–de Haas Oscillations in Bilayer Graphene by Coulomb Resonances in Gate‐Defined Quantum Dots
Authors: Banszerus Luca , Fabian Thomas , Möller Samuel , Icking Eike , Heiming Henning , Trellenkamp Stefan , Lentz Florian , Neumaier Daniel , Otto Martin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Libisch Florian , Volk Christian , Stampfer Christoph
Published: September 2020

A gate‐defined quantum dot in bilayer graphene is utilized as a sensitive probe for the charge density of its environment. Under the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field, the charge carrier density of the channel region next to the quantum dot oscillates due to the formation of Landau levels. This is experimentally observed as oscillations in the gate‐voltage positions of the Coulomb resonances of the nearby quantum dot. From the frequency of the oscillations, the charge carrier density in the channel is extracted, and from the amplitude the shift of the quantum dot potential. These experimental results are compared with an electrostatic simulation of the device and good agreement is found.
UiO‐66/GO Composites with Improved Electrochemical Properties for Effective Detection of Phosphite(P(III)) in Phosphate(P(V)) Buffer Solutions
Authors: Yang Ying , Wu Wangui , Wang Ziyan , Huang Limei , Ma Xiuling , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang
Published: September 2020

Measurement of phosphorus is of great significance because it is a key element responsible for eutrophication in water environment. More efforts have been devoted to sensor‐based detection of phosphate (P(V)), while few reports on that of phosphite (P(III)) are available due to the interferences from phosphate and/or other species. Here we synthesized UiO‐66/graphene oxide (GO) composites and first observed that the cooperative utilization of UiO‐66 and GO may provide a promising strategy to improve the electrochemical performances of MOF hybrid materials for effective detection of phosphite (P(III)) in phosphate (P(V)) buffer solutions (PBS). The current value of the oxidation peak is proportional to the phosphite concentration over the range of 10 μmol L−1 ‐ 500 μmol L−1, and the limit of detection is 0.33 μmol L−1 (S/N=3) with the lowest value among the reported works.
Preparation of High Stability Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Composite Membrane via Vacuum Filtration for Separation of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Huang Qinya , Wang Qiaoe , Li Jun , Liu Zhanchao , Liu Yan
Published: September 2020

In the present work, an excellent stable low graphene oxide/zinc oxide (LGO‐ZnO) composite membrane based on LGO nanosheets and ZnO nanonods has been successfully synthesized by vacuum filtration. The resultant graphene oxide nanosheet with a low degree of oxidation (LGO) was successfully prepared with the C/O ratio of 4.8 after stripped and oxidized. Importantly, the characterization results also demonstrated that ZnO nanorods were successfully intercalated into adjacent LGO nanosheets, rendering enlarged mass transfer channels, elevating hydration capacity and creating hierarchical nanostructures of membrane surfaces. Meanwhile, the stability of LGO‐ZnO composite membrane was enhanced obviously due to intercalation of ZnO nanorods, which was much more stable than that of LGO in aqueous solution. And it also exhibited outstanding permeation and separation performance for the water and various dyes solution system (with different concentration, volume or dye species), respectively. Accordingly, the permeate fluxes exhibited a drastic increase from 73 L/m2/h for LGO membrane to 1313 L/m2/h for LGO‐ZnO membrane. All the above results suggested that LGO‐ZnO membrane with high stability, high water permeability and favorable separation efficiency could be used as the great prospects membrane materials in separation of dyes from aqueous solution.