bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Burden, Participation in Early Childhood Education and Care, and Child Outcomes
Authors: Biddle Nicholas , Crawford Heather , Seth-Purdie Robyn
Published: April 2017

IN 2008, AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH and state and territory governments signed a National Partnership Agreement on Early Childhood Education, committing to provide universal access to quality early childhood education in the year before full-time schooling. The agreement noted that early childhood is a critical development period and quality early childhood education programs particularly benefit children at risk of poorer outcomes. Using the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we show that for children aged four to five years in 2008, baseline risk factors were significantly associated with a range of poorer outcomes in the early school years and these associations were not offset by participation in a preschool program or attendance at day care without a preschool program. These results serve as a benchmark for the success of subsequent initiatives to provide children with universal access to quality preschool programs.
‘The Color of Heart is More Important’: Korean Kindergarteners Exploring Racial Diversity through Poem Writing
Authors: Kim So Jung , Wee Su-Jeong , Lee Youngmi
Published: April 2017

ALTHOUGH THE BENEFITS OF poem writing have been emphasised in a variety of contexts, there has been an understandable lack of knowledge about how to promote young children's multicultural/multiracial awareness using poetry writing. Adopting a qualitative case study approach, the current article explores how poem writing after reading and discussing multicultural picture books helps Korean kindergarten children develop an understanding of racial diversity and equality. As part of a large-scale research project on multicultural education in South Korea, this study focuses on data collected over a five-month period including participatory observations, in-depth interviews and written materials. Findings suggest that writing poetry can function as a means to foster children's critical awareness of racial diversity and equality and can help them find their own identities. How to make poetry-writing activities more meaningful and effective in the early childhood classroom is discussed.
Gender Differences in Early Literacy and Mathematics Achievement and Self-regulatory Behaviours in the First Year of School: An Australian Study
Authors: Walker Sue , Berthelsen Donna
Published: April 2017

THIS PAPER PRESENTS ANALYSES of gender differences in classroom behaviours (e.g. attentiveness and task persistence) and early academic outcomes. Data is drawn from Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian children (LSAC). In these analyses, data from Wave 1 data collection (2004) and Wave 2 data collection (2006) for the Kindergarten Cohort are used. A sample of 2315 children who were in Year 1 of school at Wave 2 data collection are the focus for the analyses reported. The analyses draw on teacher ratings of children's literacy and language competence and mathematical thinking in Year 1 of school; as well as ratings of children's self-regulatory behaviour in the classroom and level of problem behaviours. Girls were rated by their teachers as having better literacy and language outcomes that were predicted by more positive classroom behaviours. Results are discussed with respect to the influence of children's classroom behaviours on academic learning at the beginning of formal schooling.
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Early Childhood Educators and Researchers Working Together to Achieve Common Aims
Authors: Jones Rachel A. , Gowers Fay , Stanley Rebecca M. , Okely Anthony D.
Published: April 2017

THE EARLY CHILDHOOD SECTOR within Australia has experienced significant changes over the past decade. During this period the quantity of early childhood research has also escalated. However, educators continue to remain cautious about the value of research as it is currently operationalised and its potential application. Establishing collaborative relationships between researchers and educators could be beneficial in ensuring research is conducted and applied as intended within the ECEC setting. The aim of this paper is to share four key lessons learnt from a professional collaboration that was established between researchers and educators within New South Wales, Australia. The paper highlights the need for researchers to have a thorough understanding of the early childhood environment, the importance of relationships within the early childhood sector and the need for researchers to include educators in all stages of the research process. Child and educator outcomes have the potential to be enhanced from professional collaborations established between researchers and educators.
Strategies that Support Kindergarten Children's Social and Emotional Development: One Teacher's Approach
Authors: Kirk Gillian , MacCallum Judith
Published: April 2017

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE strategies employed by one kindergarten teacher, Kyra, to create a classroom where the relationships, play situations and environments worked synergistically to support children's social and emotional competencies. The data is drawn from a larger study, undertaken in 2009, that used qualitative methodology to examine how teachers were supporting kindergarten children's social and emotional development. Out of the eight participants from the original study, Kyra's pedagogical approach was found to be unique in that it provided increased opportunities for the development and consolidation of strategic processes that are essential for independent thinking and learning. It was found that these opportunities were fostered through a balanced provision of relationships, play and environments. Collectively, these elements created a context in which scientific and everyday concepts could connect. The children in this classroom were observed to demonstrate higher order thinking skills more often and seemingly more independently than the children in the other classrooms.
Fenomena Facebook: Keterlibatan Teknologi Komunikasi dalam Perkembangan Komunikasi Manusia
Authors: Zubair Agustina
Published: April 2017

The development of communication always connect with the technology development of human being. Concepts and theories which establish in a period will be change in the time where technology dominated human being. The newest technology of internet web 2.0 become a new way to build community where we ca connect in communication network. Interpersonal

communication include in the new process of communication in internet based on web 2.0. This is a new era, the era revolting how people communicate each other in social network website.
Pengaruh Pemberitaan Surat Kabar Kompas, Seputar Indonesia dan Media Indonesia Terhadap Persepsi Masyarakat Pengguna Tabung Gas
Authors: Fajar Arief , Restivia Dwi Yunita
Published: April 2017

The objectives of this research are (1) to describe the influence of newspaper report on the perceptions of users cylinders gas in RW 003 Margajaya Bekasi; (2) to what extend the influence of newspaper coverage of the perception of users of cylinders gas in the RW 003 Margajaya Bekasi. The study concludes that (1) newspaper report has significant influence in a positive direction toward perception of users of cylinders gas in RW 003 Margajaya South Bekasi; (2) newspaper news has affected perception of users of cylinders gas by 59%. It means whenever there is increase in newspaper coverage, then the perception of the user who use cylinders gas is getting better.
Pengguna Media Interaktif Sebagai Kenyataan Maya: Studi Resepsi Khalayak Suarasurabaya.net Sebagai Media Interaktif
Authors: Hadi Ido Prijana
Published: April 2017

My aim in writing this paper is to describe that in this fast-changing world, media in Indonesia has undergone a rapid transformation. Digital technology continues to reshape the mass media landscape using internet technology. Internet brings a technical communication revolution, a fundamental change takes place in the structure of connections, artificial memories and the reproduction of their content. Internet technology has made communication much easier and less expensive. It has attracted many people and has penetrated into people’s daily lives. The mass media also have accepted the internet. Almost all forms of traditional media (old media) in local media, such as radio, television, and newspaper have extended their work into this new field. The internet and the World Wide Web have both significantly influenced modern journalism.

In online media allows readers to enjoy browsing their product and service of contents, such as news feed, podcasts, desktop alert, news on mobile phones, PDA and others mobile devices. Online media offer not only text but also digital images , audio file, moving images (video), internet radio and internet t v. The interactive features of the internet seemingly imply that online media have more advantages than traditional media forms (old media). So, the internet have dramatically evolved become new media with characteristic multimedia, hypertext, interactivity, archives , and virtuality. The most important structural new media characteristic is the integration of telecommunications, data communications and mass communication in a single medium – it is the convergence. It should be pointed out that the trend toward digital is affecting the various media and brings the local media in East Java to become a global media, where breaking news from Surabaya or anywhere in East Java is transmitted to around the world in a matter of minutes .

The research was carried out to find out how user reception on convergence media, journalism and local media on the site of SuaraSurabaya.net and how to access subjective meanings that they have created based on t heir understanding on online media so far. The research is also interested in looking into user reception on information and communication technology based on its relevance with the selected theme namely discourses on global media in website of Radio Suara Surabaya.
Malays, China and Indian Ethnicities: A Case Study of Art and Ethnography Content Analysis and Multiculturalism on Upin-Ipin Animation
Authors: Arlena Wenny Maya , Kurniasari Ni Gusti Ayu Ketut
Published: April 2017

This study aims to describe the ethnic group or tribe is a group of people whose members identify themselves with one another, usually based on lineage are considered the same as culture, language, religion traits, behaviors, or biological. Ethnicity is a fundamental factor in human life, interactions and intrinsic property of a group. The method of research used content analysis approaches and ethnographic art. The results showed

determination by mixing or races as “Peranakan”: for a mixture of Malay race with China, people who are determined according to their religion, for Malays in Malaysia it meant that the Muslim bumiputera, “the Mestis” for Hispanic mix by bumiputera.

Upin Ipin-released on September 14, 2010 in Malaysia and produced by Les’ Copaque. The results of this study show Upin-Ipin filled with simplicity in bringing Islamic values, education, manners, and respect among fellow was meant for all people of good Malaysian nation or religion. Good relations between different cultures (Malay, Chinese, Indian) were described in this animated film. Upin-Ipin animated movie brings

the perfect image and message, ie, with different cultures can create a good relationship with the harmony of differences in unity and simplicity.
Pemerintahan Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla Menurut Kacamata 5 Media Massa di Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Theresia D
Published: April 2017

Mass media has strong impact to public interest and has formed public perception on issues based on news they published. One of the most popular issues was one year period of Jokowi-Kalla presidential leadership in October 20, 2015. Evaluation, achievement, and reflection of both President and vice president who raise Nawacita program are assumed as indicators of success of them in leading Indonesia. Media objectivity in mass media is the main key in this research because objectivity is very important. The research used quantitative analysis by Robert Entman framing method. It was conducted by text analysis to editorial of five printed media, i.e: Jawa Pos, Kompas, Media Indonesia, Republika, and Tempo, published at October 20, 2015. The research also employs interview and observe secondary sources to as a part of contectual analysis. The result shows objectivity and imparsiality of five printed media in Indonesia in covering Jokowi and Jusuf Kalla presidential leadership. It is shown how media preserve Jokowi-Kalla performance in their 1st year governance as news object.
Komunikasi Lingkungan untuk Mitigasi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Sinabung
Authors: Lestari Puji , Kusumayudha Sari Bahagiarti , Paripurno Eko Teguh , Ramadhaniyanto Berliyan
Published: April 2017

This study aims to find a model of environmental communications for disaster mitigation eruption of Mount Sinabung at Karo district of North Sumatra. This research also aims at increasing public awareness and government in improving the effectiveness of disaster communications in Sinabung. Organizational Information Theory is used as concept of his study. The research uses descriptive qualitative method by employing data collection techniques such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interviews on communication training for disaster mitigation at Sinabung. The research located in Karo district of North Sumatra, particularly at Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), Department of Communication and Information Technology, and Kesbanglinmas, Head sub district, Head of village, and volunteers. The result of this research is a model of environmental communications to support early warning system in Sinabung.
Agreement between microscopic examination and bacterial culture of bile samples for detection of bactibilia in dogs and cats with hepatobiliary disease
Authors: Pashmakova Medora B. , Piccione Julie , Bishop Micah A. , Nelson Whitney R. , Lawhon Sara D.
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the agreement between results of microscopic examination and bacterial culture of bile samples from dogs and cats with hepatobiliary disease for detection of bactibilia.

DESIGN Cross-sectional study.

ANIMALS 31 dogs and 21 cats with hepatobiliary disease for which subsequent microscopic examination and bacterial culture of bile samples was performed from 2004 through 2014.

PROCEDURES Electronic medical records of included dogs and cats were reviewed to extract data regarding diagnosis, antimicrobials administered, and results of microscopic examination and bacterial culture of bile samples. Agreement between these 2 diagnostic tests was assessed by calculation of the Cohen κ value.

RESULTS 17 (33%) dogs and cats had bactibilia identified by microscopic examination of bile samples, and 11 (21%) had bactibilia identified via bacterial culture. Agreement between these 2 tests was substantial (percentage agreement [positive and negative results], 85%; κ = 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.89) and improved to almost perfect when calculated for only animals that received no antimicrobials within 24 hours prior to sample collection (percentage agreement, 94%; κ = 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.00).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that agreement between microscopic examination and bacterial culture of bile samples for detection of bactibilia is optimized when dogs and cats are not receiving antimicrobials at the time of sample collection. Concurrent bacterial culture and microscopic examination of bile samples are recommended for all cats and dogs evaluated for hepatobiliary disease.
Treatment Options of Lemmel’s Syndrome: A Case of Benign Obstructive Jaundice in The Elderly
Authors: Prasetyaningtyas Abigail , Rahman Perdana Aditya , Sudoyo Aru Wisaksono , Fauzi Achmad
Published: April 2017

Lemmel’s syndrome, also known as duodenal diverticulum obstructive jaundice,  is a rare cause of benign obstructive jaundice that should be included in the differential diagnosis of biliary obstruction when PAD is present, in the absence of cholelithiasis or other detectable obstacle. Diagnosing Lemmel’s syndrome could be challenging, but being aware of this condition is important to avoid mismanagement and it begins with identification of PAD, while interpreting any bile duct imaging. It can be misinterpreted as periampullary tumors, biliary stones, or pancreatic pseudocyst. Symptomatic patients can be successfully managed endoscopically in many cases but surgical management would be necessary in selected cases.We present a patient with benign obstructive jaundice caused by Lemmel’s syndrome who was successfully treated with endoscopic sphicterectomy. A 67 years old female presented to the emergency department with chief complaint of jaundice. The patient was assesed to have obstructive jaundice cause by a duodenal mass, elevation of transaminase enzime supected caused by drug induced liver injury, hypertension (controlled), and anterior extensive coronary ischemia. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatografi (ERCP) showing mutiple giant diverticle in second part of duodenum, stenosis of the distal CBD with compression of diverticular extra luminal as a differential diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was performed to exlude a periampullary tumor, resulting distal CBD stenosis due to compression of multiple periampullary diverticula (PAD). We performed an endoscopic sphinterectomy (EST) and the stent was removed. A further evaluation of the tuberculous lymphadenitis was planned as outpatient setting. One month follow-up, no recurence of jaundice was observed.
Ethnopharmacological evaluation of Cenchrus ciliaris for multiple gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Aleem Ambreen , Janbaz Khalid Hussain
Published: April 2017

This study was conducted to rationalize the traditional uses of Cenchrus ciliaris in gastrointestinal disorders using in vivo and ex vivo assays. The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated in rats by the castor oil-induced diarrheal model. C. ciliaris (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) reduced the castor oil-induced diarrhea significantly. Another study carried out in mice to determine the intestinal transit rate showed that C. ciliaris (100 and 200 mg/kg) inhibited the transit rate significantly. Ex vivo assay demonstrated that C. ciliaris (0.011 mg/mL) relaxed the spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, like verapamil. The crude extract (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) also exhibited significant anti-emetic activity in chicks. These results indicate the presence of antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and antiemetic activities in C. ciliaris, thus providing the scientific basis for its traditional uses.
Video Clip of Methodology: 56 sec  Full Screen   Alternate
Merging Metallic Catalysts and Sonication: A Periodic Table Overview
Authors: Domini Claudia , Álvarez Mónica , Silbestri Gustavo , Cravotto Giancarlo , Cintas Pedro
Published: April 2017

This account summarizes and discusses recent examples in which the combination of ultrasonic waves and metal-based reagents, including metal nanoparticles, has proven to be a useful choice in synthetic planning. Not only does sonication often enhance the activity of the metal catalyst/reagent, but it also greatly enhances the synthetic transformation that can be conducted under milder conditions relative to conventional protocols. For the sake of clarity, we have adopted a structure according to the periodic-table elements or families, distinguishing between bulk metal reagents and nanoparticles, as well as the supported variations, thus illustrating the characteristics of the method under consideration in target synthesis. The coverage focuses essentially on the last decade, although the discussion also strikes a comparative balance between the more recent advancements and past literature.
A Simple and Efficient Process for Large Scale Glycerol Oligomerization by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Nguyen Rémi , Galy Nicolas , Singh Abhishek , Paulus Florian , Stöbener Daniel , Schlesener Cathleen , Sharma Sunil , Haag Rainer , Len Christophe
Published: April 2017

Herein, an optimized method for 100 g scale synthesis of glycerol oligomers using a microwave multimode source and the low priced K2CO3 as catalyst is reported. This method allows the complete conversion of glycerol to its oligomers in only 30 min, yielding molecular weights up to 1000 g mol−1. Furthermore, a simple iterative purification process, involving the precipitation of the crude product in acetone and methanol, affords a final product composed of larger oligomers with a narrow dispersity (D < 1.5).
Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy Based on Improved LMD and HMM for Rolling Bearing Diagnosis
Authors: Gao Yangde , Villecco Francesco , Li Ming , Song Wanqing
Published: April 2017

Based on the combination of improved Local Mean Decomposition (LMD), Multi-scale Permutation Entropy (MPE) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM), the fault types of bearings are diagnosed. Improved LMD is proposed based on the self-similarity of roller bearing vibration signal by extending the right and left side of the original signal to suppress its edge effect. First, the vibration signals of the rolling bearing are decomposed into several product function (PF) components by improved LMD respectively. Then, the phase space reconstruction of the PF1 is carried out by using the mutual information (MI) method and the false nearest neighbor (FNN) method to calculate the delay time and the embedding dimension, and then the scale is set to obtain the MPE of PF1. After that, the MPE features of rolling bearings are extracted. Finally, the features of MPE are used as HMM training and diagnosis. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the different faults of the rolling bearing.
Luminescent Properties of Oxazine 170 Perchlorate Doped PMMA Fiber
Authors: Miluski Piotr
Published: April 2017

The article presents fabrication and luminescent properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fiber doped by Oxazine 170 perchlorate. The bright fluorescence of polymeric fiber (at molar fluorescent organic dye concentration 4.3 × 10−5) was characterized in terms of spectrum and signal attenuation vs. the fiber length. The significant changes in fluorescence spectrum (λmax red shift average slope 4.6 nm/cm and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) increasing slope 6.7 nm/cm) have been noticed for the length of the fiber (0.02–0.08 m) which corresponds to a high overlapping region of absorption and emission spectra of used dye. The red shift of λmax (c.a. 80 nm) was presented in fabricated polymeric fiber at distance 0.85 m. The obtained characteristics can be used for luminescent properties optimization of fluorescent organic-dye-doped PMMA fiber.
Building an Urban Spatial Structure from Urban Land Use Data: An Example Using Automated Recognition of the City Centre
Authors: Zhu Jie , Sun Yizhong
Published: April 2017

It has been suggested that the method of constructing an urban spatial structure typically follows a forward process from planning and design up to expression, as reflected in both graphic and text descriptions of urban planning. Although unorthodox, the original status structures can be extracted and constructed from an existing urban land-use map. This approach not only provides the methodological foundation for urban spatial structure evolution and allows for a comparative and quantitative analysis between the existing and planned conditions, but also lays a theoretical basis for failure in scientific decision making during the planning phase. This study attempts to achieve this by identifying the city centre (a typical element of the urban spatial structure) from urban land use data. The city centre is a special region consisting of several units with particular spatial information, including geometric attributes, topological attributes, and thematic attributes. In this paper, we develop a methodology to support the delineation of the city centre, considering these factors. First, using commercial land data, we characterise the city centre as units based on a series of indicators, including geometric and thematic attributes, and integrate them into a composite index of “urban centrality”; Second, a graph-based spatial clustering method that considers both topological proximity and attribute similarity is designed and used to identify the city centre. The precise boundary of the city centre is subsequently delimited using a shape reconstruction method based on the cluster results. Finally, we present a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the methodology.
Clarifying the Ghrelin System’s Ability to Regulate Feeding Behaviours Despite Enigmatic Spatial Separation of the GHSR and Its Endogenous Ligand
Authors: Edwards Alexander , Abizaid Alfonso
Published: April 2017

Ghrelin is a hormone predominantly produced in and secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin is involved in many physiological processes including feeding, the stress response, and in modulating learning, memory and motivational processes. Ghrelin does this by binding to its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor found in relatively high concentrations in hypothalamic and mesolimbic brain regions. While the feeding and metabolic effects of ghrelin can be explained by the effects of this hormone on regions of the brain that have a more permeable blood brain barrier (BBB), ghrelin produced within the periphery demonstrates a limited ability to reach extrahypothalamic regions where GHSRs are expressed. Therefore, one of the most pressing unanswered questions plaguing ghrelin research is how GHSRs, distributed in brain regions protected by the BBB, are activated despite ghrelin’s predominant peripheral production and poor ability to transverse the BBB. This manuscript will describe how peripheral ghrelin activates central GHSRs to encourage feeding, and how central ghrelin synthesis and ghrelin independent activation of GHSRs may also contribute to the modulation of feeding behaviours.
Neutron Scattering at HIFAR—Glimpses of the Past
Authors: Elcombe Margaret
Published: April 2017

This article attempts to give a description of neutron scattering down under for close on forty-six years. The early years describe the fledgling group buying parts and cobbling instruments together to its emergence as a viable neutron scattering group with up to ten working instruments. The second section covers the consolidation of this group, despite tough higher level management. The Australian Science and Technology Council (ASTEC) enquiry in 1985 and the Government decision not to replace the HIgh Flux Australian Reactor (HIFAR), led to major expansion and upgrading of the existing neutron beam facilities during the 1990s. Finally, there were some smooth years of operation while other staff were preparing for the replacement reactor. It has concentrated on the instruments as they were built, modified, replaced with new ones, and upgraded at different times.
Functional dependence of resonant harmonics on nanomechanical parameters in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy
Authors: Gramazio Federico , Lorenzoni Matteo , Pérez-Murano Francesc , Rull Trinidad Enrique , Staufer Urs , Fraxedas Jordi
Published: April 2017

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the dependence of resonant higher harmonics of rectangular cantilevers of an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a function of relevant parameters such as the cantilever force constant, tip radius and free oscillation amplitude as well as the stiffness of the sample’s surface. The simulations reveal a universal functional dependence of the amplitude of the 6th harmonic (in resonance with the 2nd flexural mode) on these parameters, which can be expressed in terms of a gun-shaped function. This analytical expression can be regarded as a practical tool for extracting qualitative information from AFM measurements and it can be extended to any resonant harmonics. The experiments confirm the predicted dependence in the explored 3–45 N/m force constant range and 2–345 GPa sample’s stiffness range. For force constants around 25 N/m, the amplitude of the 6th harmonic exhibits the largest sensitivity for ultrasharp tips (tip radius below 10 nm) and polymers (Young’s modulus below 20 GPa).
Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: an integrating review
Authors: Lopes Ione Maria Ribeiro Soares , Meireles Caroliny Gonçalves Rodrigues , Ferreira Iarlla Silva , Moura Nadya Dos Santos , Negreiros Francisca Diana Da Silva , Pequeno Alice Maria Correia
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathyin women of reproductive age. It causes a metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Vitamin D deficiency and its association with PCOS still represents a controversial subject in the literature.

Objective: In this context, this study aimed to understand the association between polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency, and how it occurs.

Method: It was an integrative review conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and CINAHL databases from August 2016 to January 2017, with a sample of 7 articles analyzed in their entirety.

Results: The evidences according to the studies conducted and the conclusions they identified. 

Conclusions: It was concluded that we cannot yet assume that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of PCOS, nor that the syndrome causes vitamin D deficiency, since the studies are controversial and there is a need for research with higher levels of evidence to clarify these doubts.
A Possible Solution for the M/L–[Fe/H] Relation of Globular Clusters in M31. II. The Age–Metallicity Relation
Authors: Haghi Hosein , Khalaj Pouria , Zonoozi Akram Hasani , Kroupa Pavel
Published: April 2017

This is the second paper in a series in which we present a new solution to reconcile the prediction of single stellar population (SSP) models with the observed stellar mass-to-light (M/L) ratios of globular clusters (GCs) in M31 and their trend with respect to

. In the present work, our focus is on the empirical relation between age and metallicity for GCs and its effect on the M/L ratio. Assuming that there is an anti-correlation between the age of M31 GCs and their metallicity, we evolve dynamical SSP models of GCs to establish a relation between the M/L ratio (in the V and K band) and metallicity. We then demonstrate that the established M/L–[Fe/H] relation is in perfect agreement with that of M31 GCs. In our models, we consider both the canonical initial mass function (IMF) and the top-heavy IMF, depending on cluster birth density and metallicity as derived independently from Galactic GCs and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies by Marks et al. Our results signify that the combination of the density- and metallicity-dependent top-heavy IMF, the anti-correlation between age and metallicity, stellar evolution, and standard dynamical evolution yields the best possible agreement with the observed trend of M/L–[Fe/H] for M31 GCs.
Photospheric Velocity Structures during the Emergence of Small Active Regions on the Sun
Authors: Khlystova Anna , Toriumi Shin
Published: April 2017

We study the plasma flows in the solar photosphere during the emergence of two small active regions, NOAA 9021 and 10768. Using Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager data, we find that the strong plasma upflows appear at the initial stage of active region formation, with maximum upflow velocities of −1650 and −1320 m s−1. The structures with enhanced upflows have size ∼8 Mm in diameter, and they exist for 1–2 hr. The parameters of the enhanced upflows are consistent with those of the large active region NOAA 10488, which may suggest the possibility that the elementary emerging magnetic loops that appear at the earliest phase of active region formation have similar properties, irrespective of scales of active regions. Comparison between the observations and a numerical simulation of magnetic flux emergence shows a striking consistency. We find that the driving force of the plasma upflow is at first the gas pressure gradient and later the magnetic pressure gradient.
Extended Ionized Gas Clouds in the Abell 1367 Cluster∗
Authors: Yagi Masafumi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Gavazzi Giuseppe , Komiyama Yutaka , Kashikawa Nobunari , Okamura Sadanori
Published: April 2017

We surveyed a central 0.6 deg2 region of the Abell 1367 cluster for extended ionized gas clouds (EIGs) using the Subaru prime-focus camera (Suprime-Cam) with a narrowband filter that covers Hα. We discovered six new EIGs in addition to five known EIGs. We also found that the Hα tail from the blue infalling group is extended to about 330 kpc in projected distance, which is about twice longer than previously reported. Candidates of star-forming blobs in the tail are detected. The properties of the EIG parent galaxies in Abell 1367 basically resemble those in the Coma cluster. A noticeable difference is that there are significantly fewer detached EIGs in Abell 1367, while the fraction of blue member galaxies is higher. The results suggest a difference in the evolutionary stage of the clusters; Abell 1367 is at an earlier stage than the Coma cluster.
Detection of Supermassive Black Holes in Two Virgo Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Ahn Christopher P. , Seth Anil C. , Brok Mark den , Strader Jay , Baumgardt Holger , van den Bosch Remco , Chilingarian Igor , Frank Matthias , Hilker Michael , McDermid Richard , Mieske Steffen , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Spitler Lee , Brodie Jean , Neumayer Nadine , Walsh Jonelle L.
Published: April 2017

We present the detection of supermassive black holes (BHs) in two Virgo ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), VUCD3 and M59cO. We use adaptive optics assisted data from the Gemini/NIFS instrument to derive radial velocity dispersion profiles for both objects. Mass models for the two UCDs are created using multi-band Hubble Space Telescope imaging, including the modeling of mild color gradients seen in both objects. We then find a best-fit stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) and BH mass by combining the kinematic data and the deprojected stellar mass profile using Jeans Anisotropic Models. Assuming axisymmetric isotropic Jeans models, we detect BHs in both objects with masses of

4.4

−
3.0

+
2.5

×

10

6

M
⊙ in VUCD3 and

5.8

−
2.8

+
2.5

×

10

6

M
⊙ in M59cO (3σ uncertainties). The BH mass is degenerate with the anisotropy parameter,

β

z

;

for the data to be consistent with no BH requires

β

z

=
0.4

and

β

z

=
0.6

for VUCD3 and M59cO, respectively. Comparing these values with nuclear star clusters shows that, while it is possible that these UCDs are highly radially anisotropic, it seems unlikely. These detections constitute the second and third UCDs known to host supermassive BHs. They both have a high fraction of their total mass in their BH; ∼13% for VUCD3 and ∼18% for M59cO. They also have low best-fit stellar M/Ls, supporting the proposed scenario that most massive UCDs host high-mass fraction BHs. The properties of the BHs and UCDs are consistent with both objects being the tidally stripped remnants of

∼

10

9

M

⊙

galaxies.
Circumstellar Disks and Outflows in Turbulent Molecular Cloud Cores: Possible Formation Mechanism for Misaligned Systems
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoaki , Machida Masahiro N. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: April 2017

We investigate the formation of circumstellar disks and outflows subsequent to the collapse of molecular cloud cores with the magnetic field and turbulence. Numerical simulations are performed by using an adaptive mesh refinement to follow the evolution up to ∼1000 years after the formation of a protostar. In the simulations, circumstellar disks are formed around the protostars; those in magnetized models are considerably smaller than those in nonmagnetized models, but their size increases with time. The models with stronger magnetic fields tend to produce smaller disks. During evolution in the magnetized models, the mass ratios of a disk to a protostar is approximately constant at ∼1%–10%. The circumstellar disks are aligned according to their angular momentum, and the outflows accelerate along the magnetic field on the 10–100 au scale; this produces a disk that is misaligned with the outflow. The outflows are classified into two types: a magnetocentrifugal wind and a spiral flow. In the latter, because of the geometry, the axis of rotation is misaligned with the magnetic field. The magnetic field has an internal structure in the cloud cores, which also causes misalignment between the outflows and the magnetic field on the scale of the cloud core. The distribution of the angular momentum vectors in a core also has a non-monotonic internal structure. This should create a time-dependent accretion of angular momenta onto the circumstellar disk. Therefore, the circumstellar disks are expected to change their orientation as well as their sizes in the long-term evolutions.
Dynamical Timescale of Pre-collapse Evolution Inferred from Chemical Distribution in the Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) Filament
Authors: Choi Yunhee , Lee Jeong-Eun , Bourke Tyler L. , II Neal J. Evans
Published: April 2017

We present observations and analyses of the low-mass star-forming region, Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1). CS (J = 2–1)/N2H+ (J = 1–0) and C17O (J = 2–1)/C18O (J = 2–1) were observed with the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory and the Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory, respectively. In addition, Spitzer infrared data and 1.2 mm continuum data observed with Max-Planck Millimetre Bolometer are used. We also perform chemical modeling to investigate the relative molecular distributions of the TMC-1 filament. Based on Spitzer observations, there is no young stellar object along the TMC-1 filament, while five Class II and one Class I young stellar objects are identified outside the filament. The comparison between column densities calculated from dust continuum and C17O 2–1 line emission shows that CO is depleted much more significantly in the ammonia peak than in the cyanopolyyne peak, while the column densities calculated from the dust continuum are similar at the two peaks. N2H+ is not depleted much in either peak. According to our chemical calculation, the differential chemical distribution in the two peaks can be explained by different timescales required to reach the same density, i.e., by different dynamical processes.
Biologic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug (bDMARD)-induced Neutropenia: A Registry from a Retrospective Cohort of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Treated with 3 Classes of Intravenous bDMARD
Authors: Espinoza Francisco , Le Blay Pierre , Combe Bernard
Published: April 2017

Objective.

To examine the rate, risks factors, and consequences of neutropenia induced by intravenous (IV) biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD).

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 499 patients with rheumatic diseases treated by IV abatacept (ABA), infliximab (IFX), or tocilizumab (TCZ).

Results.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the most frequent diagnosis (72%). Fifty-two patients (10.4%) experienced at least 1 episode of neutropenia. No episodes of grade 4 neutropenia were documented. TCZ was more frequently related to neutropenia than ABA or IFX (18.6% vs 3.8% and 2.8%, respectively, p < 0.001). The following factors were identified as predictors of experiencing neutropenia with IV bDMARD: history of neutropenia with methotrexate (MTX; synthetic DMARD; OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.17–7.14), concomitant treatment by MTX (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–2.64), and TCZ treatment (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.53–9.05). Patients experiencing a TCZ-induced neutropenia did not show a higher risk of severe infections; however, this group had a shorter drug survival (9 mos vs 20 mos, p < 0.02) compared with TCZ patients without neutropenia.

Conclusion.

Among 3 different classes of IV bDMARD, TCZ is associated with the higher risk of neutropenia. No increased frequency of infection episodes was documented in this group.
Takayasu Arteritis and Spondyloarthritis: Coincidence or Association? A Study of 14 Cases
Authors: Rivière Elodie , Arnaud Laurent , Ebbo Mikael , Allanore Yannick , Claudepierre Pascal , Dernis Emmanuelle , Ziza Jean-Marc , Miceli-Richard Corinne , Philippe Peggy , Richez Christophe , Soubrier Martin , Belkhir Rakiba , Seror Raphaèle , Mariette Xavier , Pavy Stephan ,   on behalf of the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammations
Published: April 2017

Objective.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) and Takayasu arteritis (TA) are 2 chronic inflammatory diseases; their coexistence in a single patient is uncommon. The aims of our study were to describe clinical features of patients having SpA associated with TA and to identify some characteristics of the types of patients with SpA associated with TA. We also analyzed treatments used in this context.

Methods.

This French multicenter retrospective survey called for observations on behalf of the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammations, with a standardized questionnaire established by the investigators.

Results.

We included 14 patients (women: 10/14; median age at SpA diagnosis: 43.5 yrs, ranging from 19 to 63). Subtypes of SpA were ankylosing spondylitis (n = 11), psoriatic arthritis (n = 2), and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome (n = 1). HLA-B27 was positive in 3 cases, negative in 9, and unknown in 2. SpA was diagnosed before TA in 13 cases. Imaging findings compatible with the diagnosis of TA were found with computed tomography (11/14) and/or Doppler ultrasound (10/14). Laboratory tests showed increased acute-phase reactants in all cases (C-reactive protein ≥ 25 mg/l in 71% of the cases). All patients except 1 received corticosteroids and 7 were treated with anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF).

Conclusion.

Association of SpA and TA is rare but probably not coincidental. Peripheral pulse palpation and vascular auscultation should be systematic and are the first indicators of TA in patients with SpA. Moreover, increased acute-phase reactants during SpA followup should lead to search for TA. Finally, there are therapeutic implications because anti-TNF are efficient in SpA and might be efficient in TA.
Interferon-α for Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Seeliger Benjamin , Förster Martin , Happe Janett , Forberg Thomas , Moeser Anne , Neumann Thomas , Kroegel Claus
Published: April 2017

Objective.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is characterized by frequent relapses following induction therapy. Interferon-α (IFN-α) can reverse the underlying Th2-driven immune response and has successfully induced remission in previous reports. We undertook this study to investigate its efficacy and safety in patients with EGPA.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective monocentric cohort study including 30 patients (16 women) with active EGPA under IFN-α treatment. Primary endpoints were remission induction, occurrence of relapses, prednisolone (PSL) dosage at time of remission, and adverse events. Remission was defined by a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) of 0. Pulmonary function tests were recorded at baseline and at time of remission. Health-related quality of life was analyzed by questionnaire at baseline and following 12 months of treatment.

Results.

At baseline, the median BVAS was 6 (interquartile range 4–13.5) and remission or partial response was achieved in 25/30 patients. After initiation of IFN-α treatment, the median PSL dosages could be reduced from 17.5 mg/day at baseline to 5.5 mg/day at time of remission. Following remission, 17 relapses (5 major) in 16 patients were observed. Pulmonary function tests improved and the time of hospitalization decreased. Adverse events at initiation of treatment were common, but mostly transient. Severe adverse events occurred during treatment in 4 patients (autoimmune hepatitis, n = 1; drug-induced neuropathy, n = 3).

Conclusion.

IFN-α treatment results in high rate of remission and maintenance in EGPA with significant reduction in oral corticosteroids, although reversible adverse events may occur. IFN-α represents an alternative therapeutic option in cases of refractory to standard treatment.
Antitumor Necrosis Factor-α Therapy Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Three Cases and a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bieber Amir , Fawaz Abdallah , Novofastovski Irina , Mader Reuven
Published: April 2017

Objective.

Antitumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) therapy is the most prescribed biologic agent therapy in rheumatology and gastroenterology. However, a number of serious side effects have been reported with these drugs. Only a handful of cases of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mostly in children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), have been reported during anti-TNF-α therapy. We present 3 cases of adult IBD following anti-TNF-α therapy and a literature review on this topic.

Methods.

We searched PubMed MESH for all relevant terms, papers were reviewed, and patient-specific data were extracted. Relevant clinical data were calculated and presented.

Results.

The PubMed search resulted in 137 articles, of which 11 articles and 4 cited publications were included in our analysis. We found 53 cases of IBD after anti-TNF-α therapy reported in the literature; most of them were case series collected retrospectively from national databases or studies. Almost all the patients developed IBD after the introduction of etanercept (ETN); 2 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were also included. The average age at IBD onset was 17.3 years and the average time from ETN introduction to IBD onset was 27 months (± 24). Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported as improving or subsiding in most of the patients after discontinuing ETN.

Conclusion.

Although this manifestation is not common, it should be taken into consideration as an adverse effect of ETN. Rheumatologists, and in particular rheumatologists treating adult patients, should be aware of this possible complication. Further investigation about the pathogenic process underlying this phenomenon is warranted.
The Association of Low Income with Functional Status and Disease Burden in German Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of a Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey Based on Claims Data
Authors: Callhoff Johanna , Luque Ramos Andres , Zink Angela , Hoffmann Falk , Albrecht Katinka
Published: April 2017

Objective.

To assess the influence of income on self-reported disease and work productivity outcomes.

Methods.

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed. codes M05/M06) on health insurance claims data in at least 2 quarters of 2013 were randomly selected. They were mailed questionnaires covering RA diagnosis, household income, functional capacity [Hannover functional status questionnaire (FFbH), 0–100], RA Impact of Disease questionnaire (RAID; 0–10), self-reported swollen joint count (SJC; 0–48), tender joint count (TJC; 0–50), and effect of RA on work productivity (change of work, fewer working hours, sick leave, application for disability pension, and others). Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between income and disease outcomes.

Results.

A total of 1492 persons of working age who confirmed RA diagnosis were available for analysis. The mean age was 55 years, 82% were women, and 74% were under rheumatologic care. A total of 27%, 52%, and 21% had a low (< €1500), medium (€1500–3200), and high monthly income (> €3200), respectively. Respondents with low income had the worst mean FFbH, RAID, SJC, and TJC values. This was confirmed in the regression model: mean FFbH low versus high income −8.65 (95% CI −9.72 to −7.58), RAID 0.73 (0.59–0.86), and SJC 3.47 (2.86–4.08). Sick leave (8.7%/3.5%/1.8%) and disability pension (18.1%/9.6%/6.9%) were more frequent in patients with low versus medium versus high income (p < 0.05).

Conclusion.

The association of low income with a higher disease burden, more functional disability, and higher rates of work loss emphasizes the need to focus on these outcomes when choosing treatment strategies for patients in the lower income groups.