bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Three Real-Time Shortest Path Models in Dynamic Interval Graph
Authors: Xu Bo , Ji Xiaodong , Cheng Zhengrong
Published: January 2025

The Dynamic Interval (DI) graph models the updating uncertainty of the arc cost in the graph, which shows great application prospects in unstable-road transportation planning and management. This paper studies the Real-time Shortest Path (RTSP) problems in the DI graph. First, the RTSP problem is defined in mathematical equations. Second, three models for RTSP are proposed, which are the Dynamic Robust Shortest Path (DRSP) model, the Dynamic Greedy Robust Shortest Path (DGRSP) model and the Dynamic Mean Shortest Path (DMSP) model. Then, three solution methods are designed. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to compare the efficiency of the models and corresponding solution methods. It shows that the DGRSP model and DMSP model generally present better results than the others. In the real road network test, they have the minimum average-regret-ratio of DGSP 7.8% and DMSP 7.1%; while in the generated network test, they both have a minimum average-regret-ratio of 0.5%.
Evolution of Wellbore Pressure During Hydraulic Fracturing in a Permeable Medium
Authors: Lakirouhani Ali
Published: January 2025

In hydraulic fracturing tests, the initial crack length and the compressibility of the injection system have a significant effect on the initiation and propagation of the fracture. Numerical or theoretical models that ignore the compressibility of the injection system are unable to accurately predict fracture behavior. In this paper, a 2D analytical/numerical model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics is presented for the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracturing from two transversely symmetrical cracks in a borehole wall. It is assumed that the fracture is driven by compressible inviscid fluid in a permeable medium. To solve the problem, the governing equations are made dimensionless and the problem is solved in the compressibility–toughness-dominated propagation regime. According to the results, the initial crack length and the compressibility of the injection system have a significant effect on fracture initiation behavior. When the initial flaw length is small or compressibility effects are important, the initiation of the fracture is accompanied by instability and the occurrence of a sudden decrease in borehole pressure and a sudden increase in crack length. If the initial crack length is large or the compressibility effects are negligible, the crack propagation is stable. The leak-off coefficient has no effect on the pressure level required for crack propagation, but with an increase in leak-off, more time is required to reach the conditions for crack propagation. The results obtained in this paper provide good insights into the design of hydraulic fracturing processes.
Solutions to the Schrödinger Equation: Nonlocal Terms and Geometric Constraints
Authors: Petreska Irina , Trajanovski Pece , Sandev Trifce , Rocha Jonathan , de Castro Antonio , Lenzi Ervin
Published: January 2025

Here, we investigate a three-dimensional Schrödinger equation that generalizes the standard framework by incorporating geometric constraints. Specifically, the equation is adapted to account for a backbone structure exhibiting memory effects dependent on both time and spatial position. For this, we incorporate an additional term in the Schrödinger equation with a nonlocal dependence governed by short- or long-tailed distributions characterized by power laws associated with Lévy distributions. This modification also introduces a backbone structure within the system. We derive solutions that reveal various behaviors using Green’s function approach expressed in terms of Fox H-functions.
Pregnancy Complications and Outcomes in Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Ramonienė Gitana , Malakauskienė Laura , Savukynė Eglė , Maleckienė Laima , Gruzdaitė Greta
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: To assess pregnancy and delivery complications in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal weight and condition after birth. Materials and Methods: A retrospective tertiary referral centre study included all cases of GDM in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS) Birth Registry from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. We included 583 women with GDM and singleton pregnancies. Women were divided into two groups according to their pre-pregnancy weight: 202 were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and 381 were weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Survey data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 and MS Excel 2016 software. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Fasting glycaemia was significantly higher in obese women with GDM than in normal-weight women with GDM (p < 0.001). In addition, fasting glycaemia was higher in obese women with GDM requiring insulin correction than in normal-weight women (p = 0.006). OGTT 0-min glycaemia was higher in obese than in non-obese women with gestational diabetes (p < 0.001). Women with pre-pregnancy obesity had a higher incidence of primary hypertension (p < 0.001), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (p < 0.001), gestational cholestasis (p = 0.002), polyhydramnios (p < 0.001), induced labour (p < 0.001), and caesarean section (p = 0.015), with emergency caesarean sections being more frequent than planned caesarean sections (p = 0.011) compared to normal-weight women with GDM. Labour dystocia (p = 0.003) and foetal distress (p = 0,019) were more common during labour in obese women. Neonates of these women more often had macrosomia (p < 0.001) and lower Apgar scores at 1 min (p = 0.024) and at 5 min (p = 0.024) compared to neonates of normal-weight women. Conclusions: Obese women with GDM experience more pregnancy complications than normal-weight women with GDM.
Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Patient Outcomes in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Within Physician-Led Prehospital Care
Authors: Drkić Tatjana Jevtić , Šljivo Armin , Ljuhar Kenan , Tuco Amela Ahmić , Fetahović Lamija Hukić , Karamehić Emina , Ljuhar Amna Palikuća , Musić Jasna Husejinbegović , Jusufbegović Šejla Brković , Jusufbegović Edin , Terzić Salihbašić Selma , Bošnjak Melica Imamović , Blažević Riada , Valjevac Amina
Published: January 2025

Background: CPAP has been shown to be particularly beneficial in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema by reducing both preload and afterload, thus decreasing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the period from 2022 to 2024, assessing the effectiveness and safety of prehospital CPAP therapy use in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, administered alongside standard care. Results: In this study, 50 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema were treated by physician-led emergency teams in the Canton of Sarajevo. CPAP significantly improved clinical parameters across all time points. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 151.0 ± 41.0 mmHg at initial contact to 138.4 ± 32.0 mmHg before transportation and further to 130.2 ± 28.5 mmHg upon hospital admission (p < 0.001). Diastolic pressure dropped from 85.6 ± 17.2 mmHg to 81.1 ± 15.2 mmHg before transportation (p = 0.018), with a slight further decrease to 80.2 ± 13.9 mmHg (p = 0.083). Heart rate fell from 114 ± 26.4 bpm to 111.3 ± 24.9 bpm before transportation (p = 0.003) and finally to 99.5 ± 18.2 bpm before hospital admission (p < 0.001). Respiratory rate decreased from 31.0 ± 10.2 to 28.0 ± 10.5 breaths/min (p = 0.002) and further to 22.6 ± 7.3 breaths/min (p < 0.001). End-tidal CO2 levels increased from 28.0 mmHg (23.5; 33.5) to 30.0 mmHg before transportation (p < 0.001), and to 35.0 mmHg (32.0; 37.5) before hospital admission (p < 0.001). Oxygen saturation improved from 79.0% (72.0; 81.0) to 84.0% before transportation (p < 0.001) and reached 94.0% (91.0; 98.2) before hospital admission (p < 0.001). VAS scores for dyspnea significantly dropped from 8.0 (6.0; 8.2) at initial contact to 6.0 (4.0; 8.0) before transportation (p < 0.001) and further to 4.0 (3.0; 5.0) before hospital admission (p < 0.001), indicating substantial symptom relief. ECG findings remained stable throughout the intervention. Conclusions: Prehospital CPAP therapy significantly improved clinical outcomes in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, including reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and enhanced oxygenation and symptom relief. These findings support its broader use in emergency care, even during short transport times.
Lipid Rafts in Signalling, Diseases, and Infections: What Can Be Learned from Fluorescence Techniques?
Authors: Anselmo Sara , Bonaccorso Elisa , Gangemi Chiara , Sancataldo Giuseppe , Conti Nibali Valeria , D’Angelo Giovanna
Published: January 2025

Lipid rafts are dynamic microdomains in the membrane, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, that are critical for biological processes like cell signalling, membrane trafficking, and protein organization. Their essential role is claimed in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections, making them a key area of research. Fluorescence-based approaches, including super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques, enable precise analysis of the organization, dynamics, and interactions of these microdomains, thanks also to the innovative design of appropriate fluorescent probes. Moreover, these non-invasive approaches allow for the study of live cells, facilitating the collection of quantitative data under physiologically relevant conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into the role of lipid rafts in biological and pathological processes and underscores how fluorescence techniques have advanced our understanding of these critical microdomains. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of lipid rafts in health and disease, providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions.
Effects of Cordyceps cicadae Polysaccharide on Gut Microbiota, the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier, and Inflammation in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Sun Lijia , Yuan Huaibo , Ma Huiqing , Wang Yani
Published: January 2025

Background: Polysaccharides produced by the edible fungus Cordyceps cicadae can regulate blood sugar levels and may represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. However, there is limited information available about the mechanism of how C. cicadae polysaccharide (CCP) might improve diabetic conditions. Methods: This study investigated its effects on the intestinal microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, and inflammation in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by streptozotocin, and its potential mechanisms. Results: Compared with the DC (diabetes model control group), CCPH oral treatment significantly increased the number of beneficial bifidobacteria, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli (p < 0.01), restored the diversity of intestinal microorganisms in diabetic mice, and the proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (34.36%/54.65%) were significantly lower than those of the DC (52.15%/32.09%). Moreover, CCPH significantly reduced the content of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and D-lactic acid(D-LA) (p < 0.05), the activities of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the content of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were reduced by 42.05%, 51.28%, and 52.79%, respectively, compared with the DC. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, as a therapeutic target for diabetic intestinal diseases, plays a role in regulating the inflammatory response and protecting the intestinal barrier function. Molecular mechanism studies showed that oral treatment with CCPH down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, TLR-4, and TNF-α genes by 18.66%, 21.58%, and 34.87%, respectively, while up-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and occludin genes by 32.70% and 25.11%, respectively. CCPH regulates the expression of short-chain fatty acid levels, increases microbial diversity, and ameliorates mouse colon lesions by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is demonstrated that in this murine model, the treatment of diabetes with C. cicadae polysaccharide can effectively regulate intestinal microbiota imbalance, protect intestinal mucosal barrier function, and reduce inflammation in vivo, suggesting this natural product can provide a suitable strategy for the treatment of T2D-induced gut dysbiosis and intestinal health.
The Influence of Concurrent Autoimmune Thyroiditis on the Cardiometabolic Consequences of Cabergoline in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Basiak Marcin , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław
Published: January 2025

Background: Untreated hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) seem to increase cardiometabolic risk. The cardiometabolic effects of cabergoline were less significant in young women with concurrent euthyroid Hashimoto’s illness. This study sought to investigate if the detrimental effects of this condition on cabergoline efficacy are also evident in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study comprised 50 postmenopausal women exhibiting increased prolactin levels, with half qualifying for euthyroid Hashimoto’s illness. The subjects with thyroid autoimmunity were matched with those without thyroid disease according to age, body mass index, and prolactin levels. In addition to prolactin, we assessed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid antibodies, and glucose homeostasis markers: fasting glucose, the homeostatic model assessment 1 of insulin resistance ratio (HOMA1-IR), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, we assessed plasma lipids, plasma uric acid levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). The decadal cardiovascular risk was assessed with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Results: Before therapy, disparities existed among groups in HOMA1-IR, HDL cholesterol, antibody titers, uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, UACR, and FRS. After six months of treatment, cabergoline successfully corrected prolactin levels (both total and monomeric) in women without thyroid disorders. This normalization correlated with decreases in HOMA1-IR, triglycerides, uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, UACR, and FRS, as well as an elevation in HDL cholesterol. In women diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease, cabergoline’s effects were limited to a reduction in prolactin levels, HOMA1-IR, and UACR, as well as an elevation in HDL cholesterol, with these alterations being less pronounced compared to women without thyroid illness. Conclusions: The cardiometabolic benefits of cabergoline were associated with the degree of prolactin concentration reduction. In women diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease, connections were noted between baseline levels and treatment-induced alterations in hsCRP. These data indicate that concurrent euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis mitigates the cardiometabolic consequences of cabergoline.
A Comprehensive Review of the Usefulness of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Martyniak Adrian , Wójcicka Magdalena , Rogatko Iwona , Piskorz Tomasz , Tomasik Przemysław J.
Published: January 2025

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a disorder characterized by the excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine. Bacterial overgrowth disrupts the bacterial balance and can lead to abdominal pain, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating, diarrhea, and malabsorption. SIBO is widespread in the population. There are two main methods for diagnosing SIBO: breath tests and bacterial culture. The most commonly used method is a breath test, which enables the division of SIBO into the following three types: hydrogen-dominant (H-SIBO), methane-dominant (CH4-SIBO), and hydrogen/methane-dominant (H/CH4-SIBO). This comprehensive review aims to present the current knowledge on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics in the context of SIBO. For this purpose, medical databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus were analyzed using specific keywords and their combinations. This review is based on research studies no older than 10 years old and those using only human models. In summary, clinical studies have shown that the efficacy of SIBO therapy can be increased by combining antibiotics with probiotics, especially in vulnerable patients such as children and pregnant women. The further development of diagnostic methods, such as point of care testing (POCT) and portable devices, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of biotics action are needed to treat SIBO more effectively and improve the quality of life of patients.
Geophysical Characteristics of Low-Sulfide Epithermal Gold Mineralized Bodies—A Case Study of the Alinghe Mining Area on the South Bank of the Heilong River in China
Authors: Yin Qichun , Wang Kang , Tan Guili , Ji Yuan , Yang Huaben , Chen Haijiang , Sun Yanhai , Liu Qin , Sun Tong
Published: January 2025

The inability of geophysical methods to directly detect gold ore bodies remains a hot topic in the realm of gold geophysical exploration. Through the analysis of high-precision magnetic method, resistivity and induced polarization methods with the gradient arrays, electrical resistivity tomography, and well logging, combined with the discovery of gold mineralization in exploration trenches and boreholes, it has been found that gold mineralization can be classified into two types: terminal and channel. The terminal-type gold mineralization is marked by a buried depth of less than 30 m, accompanied by varying degrees of silicification and pyritization. In contrast, the channel-type of gold mineralization is buried deeper than 30 m and occurs within structural fractures or volcanic breccia mineralized alteration zones. The resistivity difference constitutes a significant geophysical indicator differentiating these two types of gold mineralization. Both types of gold mineralization are located adjacent to IP anomalies, potentially suggesting characteristics of low-sulfur gold mineralization. After comparing several globally typical epithermal gold deposits, we conclude that the findings presented in this paper encapsulate the geophysical traits of an un-eroded, low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit. These insights offer a valuable reference for the direct detection of similar gold orebodies using geophysical methods.
Bar Adsorptive Microextraction Approach for Trace Determination of Local Anesthetics in Urine Matrices
Authors: Pereira Joana R. P. , Rocha Daniela C. , Neng Nuno R. , Maurício Paulo , Torres M. Edite , Ahmad Samir M. , Quintas Alexandre
Published: January 2025

The present work reports the development, optimization, and validation, of a methodology to determine lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine in urine matrices. Two extractive preconcentration techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) LC Tips and bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE), were studied and applied to the four target anesthetics, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Several parameters that could affect microextraction and back-extraction were optimized using two different designs of experiments (Box–Behnken and full-factorial) to maximize extraction efficiency from aqueous media. Under optimized experimental conditions, the BAμE technique showed better performance than SPME LC Tips and was chosen for validation assays and urine sample analysis. In blank urine, the BAµE/GC-MS methodology revealed suitable sensitivity (LOD between 2 and 18 ng/mL), good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9945) between 0.5 and 30.0 µg/mL and recovery yields of 30.3–97.9%. Good precision (%RSD ≤ 8.8%) and accuracy (bias % between −15.9 and 15.0%) values were achieved. The developed methodology was successfully applied to the target anesthetics analysis of volunteers’ urine matrices and proved to be an environmentally friendly alternative to monitor trace levels of local anesthetics in complex matrices compared to other extraction techniques.
Selected Metabolites of Biofunctional Importance from Edible Fruits of Forest Shrubs
Authors: Przybylska-Balcerek Anna , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga
Published: January 2025

This study focused on determining the content of bioactive compounds in selected fruits of wild shrubs. The plants selected for the study were from the Rosaceae and Adoxaceae families. Particular attention should be paid to the fruits of plants commonly growing in Poland (temperate climate), such as Crataegus monogyna, Sorbus aucuparia, Viburnum opulus, and Sambucus nigra. The study aimed to deepen the knowledge of the content of selected secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and their antioxidant properties, as well as natural dyes. During this study, chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the quantitative profile of the above-mentioned secondary metabolites of wild plant fruits. The quantitative profile of 16 phenolic acids, 9 flavonoids, 5 organic acids, 13 flavonoid glycosides, and 3 natural dyes was determined. Based on the studies, it was noted that the qualitative and quantitative profile of the bioactive compounds differs not only depending on the species but also on the location where the plant grows. A statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the content of phenols and flavonoids in fruits collected from different locations. Interestingly, differences were also observed within the species, probably depending on the geographical location and composition of the soil in which the plants were grown.
Ab Initio Study of Electron Capture in Collisions of Protons with CO2 Molecules
Authors: Méndez Luis , Rabadán Ismanuel
Published: January 2025

Ab initio calculations of cross sections for electron capture by protons in collisions with CO2 are carried out at energies between 100 eV/u and 50 keV/u, employing a semiclassical method within the Franck–Condon framework. The scattering wave function is expanded in a set of ab initio electronic wave functions of the HCO2+ supermolecule. The calculation is performed on several trajectory orientations to obtain orientation-averaged total cross sections. A two-state model with an exponential interaction between the entrance and the lowest charge transfer channel is proposed to describe the main aspects of the charge transfer process and to estimate the precision of the molecular expansion. The symmetry of the HOMO πg of CO2 is relevant to choose the signs of the molecular functions and to set up the orientation average of the cross sections. Very good agreement is found with the experimental charge transfer cross sections.
Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes
Authors: Castagliuolo Giusy , Di Napoli Michela , Zangmo Tshering , Szpunar Joanna , Ronga Luisa , Zanfardino Anna , Varcamonti Mario , Tesauro Diego
Published: January 2025

Silver drugs have played a vital role in human healthcare for the treatment of infections for many centuries. Currently, due to antibiotic resistance, a potential scenario or the application of silver complexes may arise as substitutes for conventional antibiotics. In this perspective, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been selected as carrier molecules for silver ions. In this study, we selected two mono NHC-silver halide complexes: bromo[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4MC) and chloro[2-pyridin- N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5MC), and two cationic bis NHC silver complexes: bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4BC) and bis[2-pyridin-N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5BC). The inhibitory properties of the four complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against a set of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacterial strains and the fungus C. albicans. In addition, further investigations were made using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to gain more insights into the mechanism of action. Some preliminary information on the Ag target was obtained by analyzing the cytosol of E. coli treated with Ag5MC by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Nanobubbles Adsorption and Its Role in Enhancing Fine Argentite Flotation
Authors: Yan Shunde , Fang Xihui , Zhao Guanfei , Qiu Tingsheng , Ding Kaiwei
Published: January 2025

The efficient recovery of fine argentite from polymetallic lead–zinc (Pb–Zn) sulfide ore is challenging. This study investigated nanobubble (NB) adsorption on the argentite surface and its role in enhancing fine argentite flotation using various analytical techniques, including contact angle measurements, adsorption capacity analysis, infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, turbidity tests, microscopic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and flotation experiments. Results indicated that the NBs exhibited long-term stability and were adsorbed onto the argentite surface, thereby enhancing surface hydrophobicity, reducing electrostatic repulsion between fine argentite particles, and promoting particle agglomeration. Furthermore, the NBs formed a thin film on the argentite surface, which decreased the adsorption of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Microflotation tests confirmed that the introduction of NBs considerably enhanced the recovery of argentite using flotation technology.
Lignin-Derived Activated Carbon as Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Pan Chenghao , Ji Yongfeng , Ren Suxia , Lei Tingzhou , Dong Lili
Published: January 2025

Utilizing lignin-derived activated carbon in supercapacitors has emerged as a promising approach to alleviating environmental pollution and promoting the high-value utilization of byproducts in the papermaking industry. In this study, activated carbons (LACs) were prepared using a simple one-step KOH activation approach and by employing enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL). The impact of the KOH activation parameters on the microstructure and capacitive performance of the LACs was investigated by varying the KOH/EHL ratio and activation temperature. The optimized sample LAC800-4 showed an interconnected porous structure with a high surface area of 2285 m2/g, abundant micropores, and a small number of mesopores, which makes it a suitable electrode material for supercapacitors. The sample LAC800-4 demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 291.3 F/g in a three-electrode system. Under a symmetrical supercapacitor electrode system, the specific capacitance of the LAC800-4 electrode reached 186.8 F/g at 0.5 A/g. After 10,000 cycles at 20 A/g, the capacitance retention rate remained at 96.1%. The symmetrical supercapacitor also demonstrated a superior energy density of 6.5 Wh/kg. This work provides valuable insights into the transformation of low-value natural biomass derivatives into environmentally friendly, high-performing supercapacitor electrode materials.
Modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells with Metal Hexacyanoferrates for the Construction of a Yeast-Based Fuel Cell
Authors: Adomaitė Gabija , Virbickas Povilas , Valiūnienė Aušra
Published: January 2025

This research presents a simple procedure for chemically modifying yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells with nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and ferric hexacyanoferrate, also known as Prussian blue (PB), to increase the conductivity of the yeast cell wall. Using linear sweep voltammetry, NiHCF-modified yeast and PB-modified yeast (NiHCF/yeast and PB/yeast, respectively) were found to have better cell wall conductivity in [Fe(CN)6]3− and glucose-containing phosphate-buffered solution than unmodified yeast. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the modification of yeast cells with NiHCF had a less harmful effect on yeast cell viability than the modification of yeast cells with PB. The use of NiHCF/yeast and PB/yeast cells in the construction of a yeast-based fuel cell allowed the maximum power densities of 62.66 mW/m2 and 94.09 mW/m2 to be achieved. These values were much higher than those obtained using unmodified yeast cells (42.25 mW/m2). NiHCF/yeast and PB/yeast fuel cells were renewed by replenishing the yeast suspension in the anolyte or the FeCl3 salt in the catholyte. This allowed 77.4% and 50.1% of the initial maximum power density of the fuel cells to be achieved.
Valorization of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Pomace Using Unconventional Carbohydrate Carriers for Beverage Obtainment
Authors: Michalska-Ciechanowska Anna , Brzezowska Jessica , Nicolet Nancy , Haładyn Kamil , Brück Wolfram Manuel , Hendrysiak Aleksandra , Andlauer Wilfried
Published: January 2025

Rosehip is of notable scientific interest due to its rich content of bioactives and its wide-ranging applications in nutrition, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The valorization of rosehip by-products, such as pomace, is highly significant for promoting sustainability. This study investigates the development of rosehip-based powders and beverage prototypes derived from both juice and pomace to evaluate the potential use of pomace in instant beverage design and compare it with juice-based formulations. Three matrices were evaluated: non-pasteurized and pasteurized juice, as well as non-pasteurized pomace preparations. Powders were produced by freeze- and spray drying using maltodextrin, inulin and unconventional carriers, i.e., palatinose and trehalose. The results demonstrated that carrier addition significantly influenced the physical and techno-functional properties of the powders, such as moisture content (below 10%), water activity (below 0.35), solubility (above 85%), and color indexes (yellowness and browning). The water absorption capacity varied with drying techniques, particularly for inulin-enriched samples, while the matrix type affected the ascorbic acid content. Non-pasteurized pomace powders exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity (67.7 mmol Trolox/100 g dry matter) than their juice counterparts (52.2 mmol Trolox/100 g dry matter), highlighting the potential of the pomace matrix for beverage production. Because of their favorable properties, spray-dried samples were also selected for reconstitution into prototype beverages, among which those obtained from pomace showed a higher antioxidant potential. An analysis of particle sizes, which ranged between 34 nm and 7363 nm, revealed potential interactions between the carrier and matrix, reflected in the distinct behavior of carrier-only samples. Both the carrier type and the matrix significantly contributed to the final properties of the beverages, providing valuable insights for the design of functional food products.
An Experimental Study of Machine-Learning-Driven Temperature Monitoring for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
Authors: Yule Lawrence , Harris Nicholas , Hill Martyn , Zaghari Bahareh
Published: January 2025

Temperature has a significant impact on the operational lifetime of electronic components, as excessive heat can lead to accelerated degradation and ultimately failure. In safety-critical applications, it is important that real-time monitoring is employed to reduce the risk of system failures and maintain the safety, reliability, and integrity of the connected systems. In the case of printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is often not feasible to install enough sensors to adequately cover all of the temperature sensitive components. In this study, we present a novel method for the temperature monitoring of PCBs using ultrasonic guided waves and machine learning techniques. Our approach utilizes a small number of low-cost, unobtrusive piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) sensors for propagating ultrasonic guided waves across a PCB. Through interaction with board features, the temperature of components can be predicted using multi-output regression algorithms. Our technique has been applied to three different PCBs, each with five hotspot positions, achieving an RMSE of <3.5 °C and R2 > 0.95 in all three cases.
Efficacy and Satisfaction of a Chemically Characterized Malva sylvestris L. Extract-Based Food Supplement for Functional Constipation in Healthy Consumers: Preliminary Results of a Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Lellis Lorenza Francesca De , Ullah Hammad , Morone Maria Vittoria , Buccato Daniele Giuseppe , Baldi Alessandra , Minno Alessandro Di , Larsen Danaé S. , Sacchi Roberto , Daglia Maria
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Malva sylvestris L. is rich in mucilage and is traditionally used for the management of numerous ailments including gastrointestinal disorders. Functional constipation (FC) is a gastrointestinal condition characterized by defecation anomalies such as infrequent stools, difficulty in stool passage, or both in the absence of pathological abnormalities. FC can be reduced through lifestyle factors and dietary intervention. This consumer-based survey aimed to assess the efficacy of a M. sylvestris extract-based food supplement on the improvement of FC. Methods: Healthy participants (n = 56), enrolled in a consumer-based survey, took a food supplement containing a chemically characterized M. sylvestris extract at a dose of 20 mL/day (containing 750 mg of M. sylvestris extract rich in food fiber and polyphenols) for 20 days on the advice of their pharmacist. The study evaluated bowel movement frequency (intestinal diary), stool consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale, BSFS), and abdominal pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), at baseline (T0), after 10 days (T1), and after 20 days (T2). Results: A significant increase in bowel movement frequency and stool consistency (p < 0.001) with a significant decrease in abdominal pain (p < 0.001) was observed. Additionally, this food supplement was well-tolerated as no adverse effects were reported by the enrolled subjects. Conclusion: M. sylvestris-based food supplement showed promising effectiveness and satisfaction in improving FC in healthy subjects, however, randomized clinical studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barry David J. , Wu Sam S. X. , Cooke Matthew B.
Published: January 2025

Background: Recent evidence suggests that sarcopenia and subsequent changes in muscle mass and functional outcomes are linked to disruption to the gastrointestinal microbiota composition and/or function via the microbiota-gut-muscle axis. Despite growing interest, few studies have systemically analysed (1) the relationship between the gut microbiota, muscle mass and physical performance and (2) the effects of gut-modulating dietary interventions on these outcomes within older individuals with or without sarcopenia. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus) were searched for articles published from the year 2004 until July 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist were utilised to evaluate the risk of bias within intervention and observational studies, respectively. Results: A total of 20 studies (14 observational and 6 interventional) involving 4071 older participants (mean age 69.9 years, 51.6% female) were included. There was significant heterogeneity regarding interventions and outcome measures used in these studies. Correlations between microbiota diversity and composition and sarcopenia-related functional outcomes were observed. Interventional studies targeting the gut microbiota resulted in improved muscle strength, body composition or physical function in some, but not all, studies. Conclusions: Despite limitations in the studies reviewed, the findings provide further evidence that the development of sarcopenia is likely influenced by an altered gut microbial environment and that interventions targeting the microbiome could hold therapeutic potential for the treatment or management of sarcopenia.
Gut Microbiota Interacts with Dietary Habits in Screenings for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vega-Rojas Ana , Haro Carmen , Molina-Abril Helena , Guil-Luna Silvia , Santos-Marcos Jose Antonio , Gutierrez-Mariscal Francisco Miguel , Garcia-Fernandez Helena , Caballero-Villarraso Javier , Rodriguez-Ariza Antonio , Lopez-Miranda Jose , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Hervas Antonio , Camargo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Gut microbiota interacts with nutrients, which may be relevant to assigning a microbial signature to colorectal cancer (CRC). We aim to evaluate the potential of gut microbiota combined with dietary habits in the early detection of pathological findings related to CRC in the course of a screening program. Methodology: The colonoscopy performed on 152 subjects positive for fecal occult blood test showed that 6 subjects had adenocarcinoma, 123 had polyps, and 23 subjects had no pathological findings. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S metagenomic. Caret package was used to build the classification models in R. Results: Random forest (RF) classifier models were used to test the potential of gut microbiota alone or combined with dietary habits as a biomarker to discern between individuals with CRC-related lesions (polyps or adenocarcinoma) versus individuals without pathological findings. RF classifier models yielded an area under the curve of 0.790 using gut microbiota data, 0.710 using dietary habits data, and 0.804 in the combined model including gut microbiota and dietary habits data. The abundance of Suterella, Oscillospirales, Proteobacteria, and Burkholderiales was highly discriminant between groups, together with the consumption of fruit and vegetables and the consumption of carbonated and/or sweetened beverages. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the interaction between gut microbiota and dietary habits is relevant when a microbial signature is used as a marker in CRC. Moreover, gut microbiota signature and information about the dietary habits of the individuals seem to be important for improving screening programs for the early detection of CRC.
Celiac Disease and Liver Damage: The Gut–Liver Axis Strikes Back (Again)? A Retrospective Analysis in the Light of a Literature Review
Authors: Seidita Aurelio , Latteri Federica , Pistone Mirco , Giuliano Alessandra , Bertoncello Luca , Cavallo Giorgia , Chiavetta Marta , Faraci Francesco , Nigro Alessia , Termini Alessandro , Verona Laura , Ammannato Agnese , Accomando Salvatore , Cavataio Francesca , Lospalluti Maria Letizia , Citrano Michele , Di Liberto Diana , Soresi Maurizio , Mansueto Pasquale , Carroccio Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: An increasing number of studies have reported liver involvement in both children and adults with celiac disease (CD). This often manifests as isolated hypertransaminasemia or hepatic steatosis (HS). The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of hypertransaminasemia and HS in a pediatric population with CD before starting a gluten-free diet (GFD) and to analyze how the introduction of a GFD could modify this condition. We also conducted a state-of-the-art literature review of the association between hypertransaminasemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and CD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of pediatric CD patients diagnosed in three different pediatric units of Sicily, analyzing clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, and histology data before and 12 months after the introduction of a GFD. Results: A total of 160 patients (65.0% females, median age 6.4 (0.8–13.2) years) were included; hypertransaminasemia and HS prevalences at diagnosis were 8.1% and 6.1%, respectively. Subjects with hypertransaminasemia were younger (p = 0.01) than those without and had higher frequencies of HS (p = 0.034) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTg) immunoglobulin (Ig)G positivity (p = 0.046). Subjects with HS were younger (p = 0.0001) and had a higher frequency of hypertransaminasemia (p = 0.029) compared to non-steatotic ones. After 12 months of a GFD, hypertransaminasemia and HS persisted in 53.8% and 50.0% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalences of hypertransaminasemia and HS in Sicilian pediatric CD patients seem to be lower than those reported in other geographical areas. A GFD can reverse the trend of liver involvement, although periods of longer than 12 months may be necessary. However, a GFD has been associated with an increased prevalence of HS, and so regular follow-up involving a nutritionist should be recommended to guide physicians in patient management.
The Physical Developmental Characterization of Children with Nutritional Deficiencies and Attributed Specific Categories
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Qi Xinye , Wang Rizhen , Zhang Junling , Lu Shaoke , Xie Guangliang , Qin Yinghua , Ye Dongqing , Wu Qunhong
Published: January 2025

Background: There are few studies examining the physical developmental phenotypes of nutritional deficiency diseases (NDDs) among Chinese children aged 1–7 years by anthropometrics and clarifying the specific NDD categories that caused growth faltering. Methods: A total of 3054 cases of NDDs in children aged 1–7 years were investigated. The age, height, and weight of children with NDDs were adjusted by using the skewness coefficient–median–coefficient of variation method, and the results were compared with the WHO standardized level. Comparisons of specific categories of NDDs were performed with respect to the age-specific height standardized values (HAZ), the age-specific weight standardized values (WAZ), and the age-specific body mass index standard values (BAZ). Result: The subtypes of NDDs among Chinese children were mainly characterized by single and co-morbid deficiencies. Calcium deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin B deficiency were the main types, accounting for 11.33%, 9.26%, 8.70%, and 6.29% of the total confirmed cases, respectively; protein–energy malnutrition combined with vitamin C deficiency was the most common type of combined nutrient deficiency (5.76%). The HAZ (−0.0002), WAZ (−0.0210), and BAZ (−0.0018) of children aged 1–3 years with NDDs was lower than the WHO standard (0), as were the HAZ (−0.0003), WAZ (−0.0219), and BAZ (−0.0019) of children aged 3–7 years. The anthropometrics of children with NDDs aged 1–7 years showed that the HAZ and BAZ were slightly lower than the WHO average level, whereas the WAZ was significantly different from the WHO average. The co-morbidity of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, and iodine deficiency and vitamin C deficiency were associated with the WAZ. Interpretation: The specific categories of NDDs consist mainly of calcium deficiencies, vitamin A deficiencies, and vitamin D deficiencies. The main signs of growth retardation were low weight and height, which were driven by the specific single and co-morbid micronutrient deficiencies.
Integrating Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Analyse and Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Mung Bean Polyphenols on Intestinal Cell Damage Under Different Heat Stress Temperatures
Authors: Feng Yuchao , Zhang Shu , Suo Decheng , Fu Tianxin , Li Ying , Li Zetong , Wang Changyuan , Fan Xia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Polyphenols represent a new strategy of dietary intervention for heat stress regulation. Methods: The metabolic and genetic effects of three heat stress-regulated mung bean polyphenols on mouse small intestinal epithelial Mode-k cells were investigated by metabolomics–transcriptomics correlation analysis at different heat stress levels. Results: Lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and nervous system pathways were the key metabolic regulatory pathways. Under the heat stresses of 39 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C, the key pathways regulated by mung bean polyphenols on intestinal epithelial Mode-k cells were choline metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and the retrograde endorphin signalling pathway in cancer, respectively. FoxO, Rap1, and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways were the key environmental regulatory signalling pathways. Mung bean polyphenols can alleviate heat stress-induced cells at 39 °C by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting lipid and amino acid accumulation. Mung bean polyphenols can alleviate the threat of cell death caused by heat stress at 41 °C by regulating heat shock proteins, inhibiting mitochondrial function and some nerve disease-related genes. The threat of cell death by heat stress at 43 °C can be alleviated by regulating nerve-related genes. Conclusions: This study confirmed that mung bean polyphenols can regulate heat stress. The results provide a reference for analysing the mechanism of dietary polyphenol regulating heat stress.
The Diet Quality of Athletes as Measured by Diet Quality Indices: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dion Stella , Walker Gabriel , Lambert Kelly , Stefoska-Needham Anita , Craddock Joel C.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The goals of sports nutrition are to support athletic performance. However, the diet quality of athletes remains poorly understood. This scoping review aims to synthesise the existing body of literature, evaluating the diet quality of adult athletes. Methods: The scoping review was conducted in accordance with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Database searches were conducted in Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Eligible studies were observational, utilised a validated dietary quality assessment tool (diet quality index), and assessed athletes aged 18 to 65 years. Screening was performed independently by two researchers, with any conflicts resolved by a third researcher. Results: The search yielded 1142 articles, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. Basketball athletes and gymnasts were the most frequently examined groups. Studies were dominated by one gender (n = 7 all males studies, n = 4 only female). Eleven diet quality tools were used, including variations of the Healthy Eating Index (n = 7). Overall diet quality was rated as poor (n = 3 studies), needs improvement (n = 12), or adequate (n = 3). Food groups where intake was suboptimal included wholegrains (n = 8), fruit (n = 5), and dairy intake (n = 3). The intake of protein-rich foods was adequate in n = 9 studies, whilst fat intake was excessive in 4 studies. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the diet quality of athletes is suboptimal and needs improvement in the areas of wholegrain, fruit, and dairy/alternatives intake. The inadequate intake of these food groups and the consumption of excessive fat intake may increase the long-term risk of developing non-communicable diseases and impair short-term performance and recovery. Further exploration is warranted to develop targeted nutrition education and interventions that address these inadequacies.