bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Analysis of Period Costs in Construction Organizations
Authors: Khalilov Sh.
Published: August 2021

There is a growing need to attract foreign investment in the construction industry, to determine the effectiveness of ongoing construction work, to form information on the financial and economic activities of construction companies. It also requires an analysis of the period costs of construction organizations by origin, by analyzing information related to operational activities. In this article, an author’s approach has been developed by studying the approaches to the costs of the period in the scientific and educational works of local and foreign economists. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the factors influencing the change in administrative costs and the origin of period costs in construction organizations were studied by comparative analysis of international and domestic experience and recommendations were developed. The use of these recommendations allows the identification of factors influencing changes in administrative costs and their control.
Grades System as a Tool to Improve Personnel Efficiency of Uzbekistan Oil and Gas Complex
Authors: Khairova D. , Shmakova A.
Published: August 2021

It is undeniable that the labor market is an important component of the market economy. Among the many components of the labor market, the key place is occupied by the cost of labor, from which its price is subsequently formed and the economic nature of wages is justified. Today, wages are the main source of income, and therefore a powerful incentive to increase labor productivity in general. Every year, taking into account the requirements of time, the form of remuneration in our country undergoes major changes. This article proposes as a tool to increase the efficiency of the staff of the oil and gas complex of Uzbekistan to introduce the most promising form of salary calculation — the grading system.
Procedure for Application for the Conclusion of a Procedural Agreement on Recognition of Guilt in Criminal Proceedings of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Alakhunov N.
Published: August 2021

This article discusses issues related to the regulation of the application of a petition to a suspect, an accused to conclude a procedural agreement, as well as the conditions specified in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, and analyzes the points of view of scientists on controversial aspects of regulating this stage of concluding a plea agreement.
Liquidation of the System for Prevention of Crimes and Administrative Offenses, Lack of Actual Compositions of Crimes as a Consequence of Action of the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic no. 10 from January 1, 2019
Authors: Imankulov T.
Published: August 2021

The author, being a participant in the process of reforming the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, offers his own ways out of the crisis situation in the field of combating crime in the Kyrgyz Republic, when due to the new Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Code of the Kyrgyz Republic on misconduct, the Code of the Kyrgyz Republic on violations of law enforcement agencies The Kyrgyz Republic turned out to be powerless in the face of crime, lost the opportunity to prevent crimes by means of administrative prejudice in the criminal law of the Kyrgyz Republic. The author, using specific examples of the articles of these codes, shows the destructive nature of these codes for the state and its institutions.
Coping Behavior in Elderly Persons with Stroke
Authors: Ogai V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the psychological characteristics of elderly people who have survived a stroke, as well as the coping behavior of this contingent of people in a stressful situation. Elderly people who have suffered a stroke are faced with its severe consequences, such as movement, speech and cognitive impairments, various emotional-volitional disorders. The likelihood of developing anxiety increases due to the fact that after a stroke, the patient is not capable of self-care and will need additional care. Physical and psycho-emotional rehabilitation of the elderly after a stroke can be complicated by psychological characteristics. In particular, the fact that people in this period often lead a passive lifestyle leads to a narrowing of the circle of communication. An adaptive coping strategy that fails to work causes a range of problems, both physical and emotional. People of retirement age often face difficulties in adaptation and adaptation, not to mention those cases when an elderly person suffers a stroke and cannot use adaptive coping, having failed to adapt for a long time.
Fairy Tales World Specifics in the Perception of a Child
Authors: Sherbaeva Zh.
Published: August 2021

The article shows the child’s perception of the phenomenon of a fairy tale. Research relevance: The world in a fabulous way amazingly changes the thinking of the child, teaches him life and perceptual perception of the surrounding reality. Research materials and methods: in this work authors used methods of analysis of works based on experimental research and statements of scientists’ psychologists such as Jean Piaget, Buhler, L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Gorky, V. A. Sukhomlinsky and others on the influence of fairy tales on the children thinking. Analysis of such concepts as the world of fairy tales, artifactism and fantasy. Research objectives: consideration of the psychological perception of art by children, analysis of the child’s perception of the relationship between the forces of science and magic in the mind. Research results: identifying ideas about educational teaching of children based on multifaceted interests such as pursuit of observation, ensuring artistic value of scenes and focus on thinking. Conclusions: the ability to recognize human interests, which are very important in the process of forming a child’s creative activity.
Reasons for the Formation of Interview Conflicts in Educational Organization
Authors: Ivanova S. , Khlopkov A.
Published: August 2021

In this article we will consider the problems of the occurrence of interpersonal conflicts in an educational organization, the subjects and objects of interpersonal conflict, and also features of interpersonal conflicts in educational organizations.
The Role of Interactive Technologies in the Modernization of Education in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Nurkulova M.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the purpose and significance of innovations in the educational system of the Kyrgyz Republic, the use of which is necessary for the modernization of education, caused by the modern situation of the formation of a knowledge society, the increasing pace of intellectualization of labor, and the acceleration of the development of the volume of knowledge. An important place in educational innovation is occupied by interactive technologies, which are a system of methods for organizing training in the form of interaction between a teacher and a student. The main interactive methods (business games, brainstorming, round tables, trainings, master classes), used by the teachers of the Arabaev University, disclosed their main content, as well as the results of their use.
Traditions and Innovations in Funeral Rites for the Social Elite in Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt
Authors: Sherkova T.
Published: August 2021

Elite necropolises are the most important sources for studying the process of the formation of early states. In Ancient Egypt, this process took place over a long period of development of the sedentary culture Naqada, which developed in the 4th millennium BC, from its early phases to the final stages, when the political unification of Egypt took shape. Analysis of the burial architecture of elite burials from Hierakonpolis and Abydos, iconography, motifs and images depicted on ritual objects from tombs of the Late Dynastic and Early Dynastic times continue the scenes of hunting and battles characteristic of the earlier phases of the Naqada culture. However, their style is changing. The motives associated with the king as the protector of society, a successful warrior responsible for the stability and prosperity of Egypt come to the fore. Traditions and innovations, being oppositions, nevertheless work in an integral field, a kind of cultural and historical unity. And in terms of the socio-cultural development of Egypt, the elite necropolises of the Predynastic and Early dynastic periods provide extremely important and objective information about the formation of the first state in Egypt.
Historical Aspects of the Emergence and Development of the Asian Type of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Hajimuratov A.
Published: August 2021

The history of the development of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan is considered. In the development of market relations and the sprouting of entrepreneurship, the so-called “Asian mode of production” had its own color. The penetration of large business capital into the irrigation of the land of Turkestan marked the beginning of the end of small peasant fragmented farming in this region. In conclusion, the author concludes that the historical and economic role of the entrepreneurial movement in the irrigation construction of Uzbekistan is relevant at the present stage.
The Yahyo Gulomov Role in the Study of the Primitive History of the Bukhara Oasis
Authors: Mirsoatova S.
Published: August 2021

In the 50s and 60s of the XX century, the first archaeological excavations were carried out in the western part of the Bukhara oasis, in the foothills of the Zarafshan River. It is headed by Yahyo Gulomovich Gulomov, the father of Uzbek archaeology. The expedition will find the sites of Neolithic and Bronze Age communities in the area, and later excavations at these sites will reveal many innovations in our history. The article discusses the role of Yahyo Gulomov in the study of the primitive history of the Bukhara oasis and his great contribution.
The Landscape Factor in the Development of Ancient Stone Age Settlements
Authors: Murodova D.
Published: August 2021

The article highlights long-term studies and the source materials obtained from them on the archeology of the Stone Age in Uzbekistan, which is an important component of Central Asia. Based on the analysis, the role and importance of natural landscapes as the main factor in the development of natural landscapes and areas of settlement by ancient communities of the Stone Age are shown.
On the Social Information Environment
Authors: Petrov I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the social and environment and information. The social environment, through the transmission of purposeful information blocks, forms an individual, instilling in him the qualities and properties necessary for optimal functioning in a given society and in a given social group. These goals are promoted by a system of constantly working information transmission channels and, first of all, the mass media. As soon as the information reaches the addressee through the media, social information is included in the process of forming views and opinions, attitudes to certain social values. It is shown that after receiving information, a person can change his point of view on certain events or facts. Moreover, this interaction (influence) can be almost imperceptible, the process passes latently, through quantitative accumulation, but over time, this leads to the fact that quantitative accumulation is accompanied by a qualitative change.
On the Ordered Form of Social Interaction
Authors: Petrova S.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of the social process as a specific form of social transformations, which is realized depending on the situations accompanying it, due to both the scale of social changes and the subject that is the determinant of the social process and the specific social sphere in which it develops. It is shown that the social process is a way of realizing the movement of social being from the potential to the real. The type of changes that consists in the transformation of social forms characterized by a certain stage of social, economic and cultural development. The transition from one order of spatio-temporal relations of society to another, through the structuring of a new social being, mediated by past history and experience.
The Unity of Sport and Morality in Theoretical and Practical Training in Boxing
Authors: Alikhanov V.
Published: August 2021

The article shows that although sports and morality are perceived as separate concepts, there is a common point that unites the two areas, and there is a system of rules that constitute human and interpersonal relationships. Both concepts emerged as a result of the interaction of human relationships. Exercises and physical education classes in certain sports help students to form interests and play a major role in their social development. The main topic of the article is the physiological features of the moral boxer’s activity. Boxing is a non-cyclical form of sport, i. e. in boxing, the movement of the upper extremities is carried out with a certain intensity. Boxing is a sport of speed-speed-stroke. Therefore, the boxer must be able to use all the functional capabilities of the body, both during training and competition. In the process of training, both motor qualities (strength, endurance, speed) increase and improve, as well as physiological developmental processes take place in its vegetative functions: blood circulation, respiration, digestion and other systems. In boxing, the strength of long muscles, endurance and activity are of particular importance. In this regard, both the boxer and his coach must have a thorough knowledge of the general physiological and biochemical processes of the body.
Animal Names in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and Their Use in the Modern Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Davlatova S.
Published: August 2021

The article is relevant in that it defines the modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and that reveals the level of use of animal names in the modern Kyrgyz language in M. Kashgari’s dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk. Research object is the Kyrgyz translations of M. Kashgari’s dictionary. The purpose of the article is to compare the names of animals in the modern Kyrgyz language and in the dictionary of Mahmud Kashgari Diwan Lughat at-Turk, to classify them according to the level of use, to identify some linguistic phonetic phenomena in the process of changing words. 1. Names of animals in the dictionary used in the modern Kyrgyz language with phonetic changes: teve (camel) — tyoyo, aiug (bear) — ayu, yylky (horse) — zhylky, yylan (snake) — zhylan, ud (cattle) — ui, azgyr (stallion) — aigyr, arslan (lion) — arstan, sychgan (mouse) — chychkan, sunkar (merlin) — shumkar, kochnar (ram) — kochkor, tonuz (wild boar) — donuz, kuiye (mole) — kyubyo, botok (baby camel) — boto, ukhi (owl) — uku. 2. Names of animals found in the dictionary, but not used in the modern Kyrgyz language, archaisms or historicisms: yoplen (a small animal like a mouse), arzhu (female jackal), kysrak (mare), atan (castrated camel), kyl kush (insect-eating bird), tytyr (female camel) and so on.
Types of Dialogue in Artistic Texts of Kyrgyz Writers Works From the Semantics Point of View
Authors: Toktosunova A. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the types and texts of works of art by Kyrgyz writers from the point of view of semantics. The works of Ch. Aitmatov, T. Kasymbekov were used for illustration. Research relevance: An analysis of the types of dialogue in works of art helps to identify not only the specifics of the individual author's word use, the peculiarities of the style of an individual writer or the figurative system of a particular work of art, but also an attempt to establish general patterns in the use of types of dialogue that help in revealing the idea of a work, in a psychological analysis of the peculiarities of the inner world heroes. Research materials and methods: the focus of motivation, first of all, by educational goals, the search for the most effective ways to study the types of dialogue in a literary text, which are an important component of the structure of a prose work, which have their own functions and tasks. Research results: During the dialogue, along with the thoughts, feelings of a person, his psychological and humane qualities, the national peculiarity is also transmitted. Concepts, thoughts, sensitivity and other virtues are present. Conclusions: Identification of various forms of dialogue, acquaintance, joke, cooperation, etc. In accordance with the position of speakers, the level of conversation changes and a dialogue were drawn up.
The Role of the Dialogue in the Study of Artistic Texts
Authors: Toktosunova A.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the types of dialogue in the texts of fictional woks of Kyrgyz writers from the point of semantics. The woks of Ch. Aitmatov, T. Kasymbekov were used for illustration. The analysis of the types of dialogue in works of art helped to identify not only the specifics of the individual authors use of words, the peculiarities of the style of an individual writer or the figurative system of a particular work of art, but also an attempt was made to establish general patterns in the use of types of dialogue that help in disclosing the idea of a work, in the internal the world of heroes. This orientation was motivated, first of all, by educational goals- the search for the most effective ways to study the types of dialogue in a literary text, which are an important component of the structure of a prose work, which have their own functions and tasks.
Lexico-Semantic and Stylistic Characteristics of the Names of Clothes in the Broken Sword Novel by T. Kasymbekov
Authors: Tok N.
Published: August 2021

The names of clothing items reflect the peculiarities of everyday life, cultural traditions of the Kyrgyz people in the second half of the 19th century, as a result of which they are a reliable source for obtaining information about the evolution of the vocabulary of the language. Of great importance was the use of the names of clothes in the Broken Sword novel by T. Kasymbekov in a real depiction of historical events, the socio-cultural situation of that time. It can be seen that these names are widely used for stylistic and semantic purposes in the figurative expression of thoughts in a work, in the implementation of artistry.
PREVALENSI DAN KELIMPAHAN PENYAKIT KARANG DI PERAIRAN DESA BUTON KABUPATEN MOROWALI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Safitri Ayu , Palupi Ratna Diyah , Rahmadani .
Published: August 2021

Penyakit karang sekarang ini sudah menjadi perhatian utama para peneliti karang. Banyak kasus dilaporkan penyakit karang menjadi penyumbang terbesar kematian karang di sebuah perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan kelimpahan penyakit karang di Perairan Desa Buton, Kabupaten Morowali, Sulawesi Tengah. Metode pengambilan data prevalensi dan kelimpahan penyakit karang menggunkan belt transect (transek sabuk) dengan luas 180m2 yang ditarik sejajar garis pantai pada 3 (tiga) titik stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ditemukan sebanyak 5 (lima) jenis penyakit karang (White Band Disease, Brown Band Disease, Ulcerative White Spot, Bleaching, dan Black Band Disease dan 3 (tiga) jenis gangguan kesehatan karang (Fish bites, Crown-of-Thorn-Starfish (COTS), dan Tube formers). Secara umum total prevalensi penyakit karang di lokasi penelitian sebesar 78,7% (52,3% penyakit karang dan 26,4% berupa gangguan kesehatan karang) dengan kasus tertinggi terdapat di stasiun 1 (satu). lebih lanjut kelimpahan rata-rata penyakit karang sebesar 0,65 koloni/m2. Kelimpahan penyakit karang tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun I yaitu sebesar 0,32 koloni/m2.Kata Kunci: Penyakit Karang, Prevalensi, Kelimpahan, Perairan Desa Buton
KARAKTERISASI BIOKIMIA DAN IDENTIFIKASI ISOLAT BAKTERI PADA MAKROALGA Padina australis DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI TANJUNG TIRAM
Authors: Ayu . , Ramli Muhammad , Abidin La Ode Baytul
Published: August 2021

Padina australis merupakan salah satu makroalga yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibiotik. Sifat antibiotik yang dimiliki diduga tidak hanya bersumber dari makroalga tersebut namun juga dihasilkan oleh bakteri simbion pada inangnya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan identifikasi isolat bakteri yang dikultur dari makroalga P. australis berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi bakteri dan karakter biokimia. Sampel makroalga P. australis diambil dari Desa Tanjung Tiram, Kecamatan Moramo Utara, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan menggunakan metode koleksi bebas (free handpacking). Sampel makroalga dihaluskan dan diencerkan hingga 10-5, kultur bakteri dilakukan dari pengenceran sampel 10-4 dan 10-5. Bakteri dikultur dengan menggunakan metode cawan sebar pada media agar zobell selama 2x24 jam pada suhu 35oC. Koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dipurifikasi dengan cara dikultur kembali sebanyak dua kali pengulangan dengan metode gores. Kultur murni bakteri yang diperoleh kemudian dibiakkan pada media agar miring zobell. Isolat bakteri yang tumbuh dari sumber pengenceran sampel 10-4 dan 10-5 selanjutnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi dan uji biokimia. Kedua isolat bakteri dari makroalga P. australis memiliki ciri morfologi yang sama, namun terdapat perbedaan pada karakteristik biokimia yaitu pada uji motility, OF (oksidatif/fermentatif), TCBS (Thiosulfate Citrate Bilesalt Sucrose), ornitin, gelatin, uji produksi asam pada media berbahan D-manose, maltose, rhammose, urease dan citrase. Berdasarkan identifikasi jenis bakteri yang merujuk pada Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology diketahui bahwa isolat bakteri simbion makroalga P. australis teridentifikasi sebagai bakteri Halomonas salina dan Vibrio alginolyticus.Kata Kunci : Padina australis, karakterisasi, bakteri simbion
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN DI PESISIR DESA KASWARI KECAMATAN KALEDUPA SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI
Authors: Birana Yelsi , Ramli Muhammad , Arami Hasnia
Published: August 2021

Ekosistem lamun memiliki produktivitas tinggi yang mendukung kehidupan beragam jenis ikan. Kawasan padang lamun menjadi tempat untuk mencari makan, tempat bertelur serta sebagai daerah untuk berlindung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem lamun dan kondisi struktur komunitas ikan yang ada pada kawasan padang lamun, serta menganalisis hubungan kelimpahan jenis ikan dengan persentase tutupan lamun. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari dan Maret 2020 di Perairan Pesisir Desa Kaswari Kecamatan Kaledupa Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi. Metode yang digunakan adalah ramdom sampling dengan alat tangkap jaring insang. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu komposisi jenis, kelimpahan jenis, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominansi serta analisis korelasi pearson. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu E. acoroides, T. hemprichii dan  C. rotundata. Komunitas ikan yang tertangkap sebanyak 286 individu yang terdiri dari 28 spesies dan 12 famili, diantaranya famili Siganidae, Mulidae, Holocentidae, Chaetodontidae, Lethrinidae, Nemiptiridae, Caesionidae, Leiognathidae, Achanturidae, Scaridae, Labridae dan Balistidae.  Struktur komunitas ikan pada Perairan Desa Kaswari menunjukkan komunitas stabil tanpa adanya dominansi jenis ikan, didukung oleh kualitas perairan yang optimal mampu menunjang kehidupan dan pertumbuhan sumberdaya ikan. Analisis hubungan korelasi  yang sangat kuat menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan lamun sangat berpengaruh terhadap  kelimpahan  ikan.Kata Kunci : Ikan, Lamun, Struktur Komunitas, Desa Kaswari, Wakatobi
PEMETAAN PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT LANDSAT DI KECAMATAN RAROWATU UTARA KABUPATEN BOMBANA
Authors: Faisal Mohamad Fitrah , Asmadin . , Takwir Amadhan
Published: August 2021

Aktivitas yang dilakukan di sekitar pantai dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan garis pantai jika tidak dilandasi dengan pengetahuan tentang dinamika pantai, karena lingkungan pantai merupakan lingkungan yang rentan terhadap perubahan terutama perubahan garis pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memantau perbahan garis pantai pada Kecamatan Rarowatu Utara Kabupaten Bombana. Metode penelitian menggunakan mengunakan metode digitasi dan tumpang susun citra satelit Landsat 5 TM 1988 dan Landsat 8 OLI 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa daerah pesisir Kecamatan Rarowatu Utara mengalami abrasi pantai dengan nilai rata-rata perubahan garis pantai akibat abrasi berkisar antara 3.31 sampai dengan 5.58 meter/tahun. Ketinggian gelombang laut pada perairan daerah pesisirnya yaitu dengan berkisar antara 0 – 1.17 meter yang berlangsung pada perairan musim Timur dan Barat. Perubahan peruntukan lahan pesisir akibat alih fungsi lahan kawasan mangrove sebagai pemecah ombak dan perangkap sedimen meningkatkan perubahan garis pantai yang signifikan.Kata Kunci : Garis Pantai, Gelombang, Penginderaan Jauh, Perairan Rarowatu Utara.
POLA ARUS LAUT PERMUKAAN DI PERAIRAN TANJUNG TIRAM KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Fadila Siti Nening , Asmadin . , Pratikino A. Ginong
Published: August 2021

Arus laut permukaan merupakan arus laut yang bergerak pada lapisan massa air permukaan. Beberapa faktor yang membangkitkan arus permukaan pada perairan sekitar pantai umumnya bersumber dari gerakan angin dan pasang surut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecepatan dan arah arus laut permukaan dan memetakan pola arus permukaan secara spasial. Metode penelitian untuk mengukur kecepatan arus permukaan menggunakan metode Euler. Metode untuk memperhitungkan gerak osilasi pasang surut secara periodik menggunakan Metode Admiralty. Metode untuk memperhitungkan nilai dan arah kecepatan angin menggunakan metode Wind Rose. Pola arus permukaan dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis spasial dengan teknik interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan arus laut permukaan pada kondisi pasang berkisar antara 0,023-0,183 m/s. Kecepatan arus permukaan tertinggi terjadi di sisi kanan tanjung dengan arah pergerakan menuju ke Timur Laut. Kecepatan arus permukaan terendah terjadi di sebelah kiri tanjung dengan arah pergerakan menuju ke Barat Laut. Pada kondisi surut, kecepatan arus laut permukaan berkisar antara 0,02-0,094 m/s. Kecepatan arus permukaan tertinggi terjadi di depan tanjung dengan arah menuju ke Barat Laut. Kecepatan arus permukaan terendah berada di sebelah kiri tanjung dengan arah ke Timur Laut.  Kedalaman perairan area studi relatif dangkal mencapai 31 m. Kecepatan angin yang tenang tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan arus permukaan. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa pola arus laut permukaan di perairan Tanjung Tiram mengikuti pola pergerakan pasang surut. Pada saat pasang arus permukaan bergerak dari Timur ke Barat sedangkan saat surut arus permukaan bergerak dari Barat ke Timur. Kata Kunci: Arus, Angin, Pasang Surut, Perairan Tanjung Tiram
KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA PADA KAWASAN MANGROVE DI PERAIRAN DESA LANGARA BAJO, KECAMATAN WAWONII BARAT, KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN
Authors: Alimito . , Nurgayah Wa , Ira .
Published: August 2021

Bivalvia merupakan golongan kekerangan, remis, dan sebangsanya. Bivalvia memiliki fungsi ekologi penting dalam rantai makanan di kawasan hutan mangrove.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan kepadatan bivalvia, kerapatan mangrove, hubungan kepadatan bivalvia dengan kerapatan mangrove pada kawasan mangrove di perairan Desa Langara Bajo.   Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 219 di perairan Desa Langara Bajo, Kecamatan Wawonii Barat, Kabupateen Konawe Kepulauan. Bahan Organik dianalisis di Laboratorium Unit Produktivitas Lingkungan dan Perairan.  Analisis tekstur substrat di lakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Bahan dan Kontruksi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Halu Oleo. Pengambilan sampel bivalvia pada 3 stasiun pengamatan dilakukan dengan dua kali pengulangan.. Pengambilan dilakukan dengan meletakkan transek kuadrat ukuran 1x1 meter sebanyak 5 transek pada petak contoh 10x10 meter sebagai daerah patokan pengambilan sampel bivalvia. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 5 jenis bivalvia yaitu, Anadara antiquate, Tranchycardium rogusum, Gafrarium tumidum, Gafrarium gibbia dan Barbatia decussate. Nilai komposisi jenis bivalvia berkisar antara 6% - 33%. Kepadatan jenis bivalvia berkisar antara 0,8 – 6,8 ind./m2. Jenis mangrove yang ditemukan adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata dan Rhizophora stylosa dengan kerapatan jenis berkisar antara 163 – 406 pohon/ha. Tingginya kerapatan mangrove pada stasiun II mempengaruhi keberadaan bivalvia di perairan tersebut.Kata kunci : Bivalvia, Komposisi Jenis, Kepadatan, Mangrove, Desa Langara Bajo
KONTAMINASI JENIS MIKROPLASTIK PADA TUBUH IKAN TEMBANG (SARDINELLA FIMBRIATA) DI PERAIRAN TELUK KENDARI
Authors: Hatia . , Sara La , Emiyarti .
Published: August 2021

Mikroplastik merupakan bagian dari sampah plastik yang memiliki ukuran partikel kurang dari 5 mm. Mikroplastik yang terdapat di dalam perairan kemungkinan dapat ditelan organisme laut, seperti ikan tembang (Sardinella fimbriata). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan jumlah setiap jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada saluran pencernaan ikan tembang di Perairan Teluk Kendari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – September 2020. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ikan tembang berasal dari stasiun Perairan Kendari Beach, Perairan Masjid Al-Alam dan Perairan Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kendari menggunakan gillnet, selanjutnya sampel ikan tembang dimasukkan dalam cool box untuk mempertahankan kesegarannya. Analisis sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Unit Produktivitas dan Lingkungan Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Halu Oleo. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu tahap preparasi sampel dan identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan ada empat jenis yaitu jenis fiber, fragmen, film dan pellet. Mikroplastik paling tinggi ditemukan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan tembang pada penelitian ini adalah jenis film sebesar 208,6 partikel/individu (50,24%) dan terendah adalah jenis pellet yaitu 1 partikel/indindivu (0,24%). Berdasarkan lokasi penelitian, jumlah mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun PPS Kendari yaitu 151,9 partikel/individu dan terendah didapatkan pada stasiun Masjid Al-Alam yaitu 123,7 partikel/individu.Kata Kunci: Mikroplastik, Ikan Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata), Perairan Teluk    Kendari.
KANDUNGAN SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA IKAN BUNTAL (AROTHRON MANILENSIS)
Authors: Layuk Tresia Sanda , Palupi Ratna Diyah , Rahmadani .
Published: August 2021

Kekayaan biota laut Indonesia sudah lama dikenal dan banyak yang berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan bioaktif. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa biota laut memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang tinggi untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup baik sebagai upaya untuk mempertahankan diri dari predator maupun perbaikan genetiknya. Salah satu organisme laut yang berpotensi menghasilkan metabolit sekunder adalah ikan buntal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat kandungan ekstrak senyawa metabolit sekunder ikan buntal jenis Arothron manilensis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder apa saja yang terkandung dalam hati, kulit, daging, dan organ pencernaan. Metode penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Skrining Fitokimia dan Kromatografi lapis Tipis (KLT) untuk mendeteksi senyawa metabolit sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ikan buntal (Arothron manilensis) mengandung komponen senyawa fenol, alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, dan flavonoid. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ikan buntal A. manilensis ditemukan paling banyak terkandung pada organ pencernaan dan disusul daging, kulit, dan hati. Diperlukan kembali pengujian Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), lebih lanjut mengenai tinggi dan kuatnya senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diteliti.Kata Kunci: Arothron manilensis, KLT, Metabolit sekunder, Skrining Fitokimia.
STUDI LAJU DEKOMPOSISI SERASAH DAUN MANGROVE TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN DETRITUS MANGROVE DIDAERAH TELUK KENDARI
Authors: Supriyadi Agus , Ramli Muhammad , Abidin La Ode Baytul
Published: August 2021

Mangrove memiliki peran yang khas di ekosistem pantai yakni adanya serasah daun yang mengalami dekomposisi dengan bantuan bakteri dan fungi. Dekomposisi merupakan proses penghancuran bahan organik mati yang dilakukan oleh agen biologi maupun fisika menjadi bahan-bahan mineral organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju dekomposisi serasah daun mangrove berdasarkan waktu, serta mengetahui ketersediaan detritus berdasarkan laju dekomposisi dan banyaknya serasah daun mangrove yang jatuh di kawasan mangrove Teluk Kendari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2019 s.d Januari 2020. Metode penelitian inimenggunakan jaring perangkap serasah untuk mengetahui produksi serasah dan menggunakan litter-bag untuk menyimpan serasah daun yang akan dihitung laju dekomposisinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa laju dekomposisi berdasarkan waktu pengamatan pada stasiun penelitian berbeda. Pada stasiun I, nilai berat kering akhir lebih kecil dibanding Stasiun II yaitu 0.12 gr/hari pada Stasiun I dan 0.25 gr/hari pada Stasiun II. Untuk produksi detritus pada stasiun penelitian tidak jauh berbeda yaitu 5,02 gram  pada Stasiun I dan 4,82 gram pada Stasiun II.Kata Kunci: detritus;laju dekomposisi; mangrove; serasah daun
IDENTIFIKASI ANEMON DI DAERAH TERUMBU KARANG PERAIRAN KASWARI, TAMAN NASIONAL WAKATOBI
Authors: Amirudin . , Palupi Ratna Diyah , Subhan .
Published: August 2021

Anemon merupakan salah satu hewan laut dari filum Cnidaria atau Coelenterata yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai penghias akuarium dan sumber makanan bagi masyarakat pesisir Wakatobi. Berdasarkan literature, anemon telah berhasil di identifikasi sebanyak 12 jenis tersebar di seluruh dunia, 10 jenis diantaranya terdapat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan anemon pada daerah terumbu karang di perairan Desa Kasuari, Wakatobi. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan yaitu Februari – Maret 2020. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode belt transect yaitu dengan luas 200m² dengan 3 kali ulangan untuk mewakili area reef flat dan reef slope. Jenis anemon yang ditemukan di perairan Desa Kaswari yaitu Heteractis crispa dan Heteractis malu. Kelimpahan anemon di perairan Desa Kaswari pada stasiun Reef Flat adalah 0,045 individu/m² sedangkan pada stasiun Reef Slope adalah 0,065 individu/m². Hasil Uji-T diperoleh nilai t-hitung (-2.000) ≤ t-tabel (2.776). Artinya bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara nilai rata-rata individu anemon pada daerah reef flat dan reef slope meskipun berada pada zona terumbu karang yang berbeda.Kata Kunci: Kelimpahan anemon, Terumbu karang, Kaswari.
Receptor/Raft Ratio Is a Determinant for LRP6 Phosphorylation and WNT/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Haack Fiete , Köster Till , Uhrmacher Adelinde M.
Published: August 2021

Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. A prominent example for the decisive impact of lipid rafts on signaling is LRP6, whose localization to the same lipid rafts domain as the kinase CK1γ is crucial for its successful phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the signalosome, hence WNT/β-catenin signaling. However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a “normal sized” cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. To analyze whether and how the quantitative ratio between receptor and rafts affects LRP6 phosphorylation and WNT/β-catenin pathway activation, we present a computational modeling study, that for the first time employs realistic raft numbers in a compartment-based pathway model. Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. Our results suggest that pathway specific targeting and sorting mechanism are required to significantly narrow down the receptor/raft ratio and to enable the formation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence signaling.
The Southwestern Mandarin /n/-/l/ Merger: Effects on Production in Standard Mandarin and English
Authors: Zhang Wei , Levis John M.
Published: August 2021

Southwestern Mandarin is one of the most important modern Chinese dialects, with over 270 million speakers. One of its most noticeable phonological features is an inconsistent distinction between the pronunciation of (n) and (l), a feature shared with Cantonese. However, while /n/-/l/ in Cantonese has been studied extensively, especially in its effect upon English pronunciation, the /l/-/n/ distinction has not been widely studied for Southwestern Mandarin speakers. Many speakers of Southwestern Mandarin learn Standard Mandarin as a second language when they begin formal schooling, and English as a third language later. Their lack of /l/-/n/ distinction is largely a marker of regional accent. In English, however, the lack of a distinction risks loss of intelligibility because of the high functional load of /l/-/n/. This study is a phonetic investigation of initial and medial (n) and (l) production in English and Standard Mandarin by speakers of Southwestern Mandarin. Our goal is to identify how Southwestern Mandarin speakers produce (n) and (l) in their additional languages, thus providing evidence for variations within Southwestern Mandarin and identifying likely difficulties for L2 learning. Twenty-five Southwestern Mandarin speakers recorded English words with word initial (n) and (l), medial  or  spellings (e.g., swallow, winner), and word-medial (nl) combinations (e.g., only) and (ln) combinations (e.g., walnut). They also read Standard Mandarin monosyllabic words with initial (l) and (n), and Standard Mandarin disyllabic words with (l) or (n). Of the 25 subjects, 18 showed difficulties producing (n) and (l) consistently where required, while seven (all part of the same regional variety) showed no such difficulty. The results indicate that SWM speakers had more difficulty with initial nasal sounds in Standard Mandarin, which was similar to their performance in producing Standard Mandarin monosyllabic words. For English, production of (l) was significantly less accurate than (n), and (l) production in English was significantly worse than in Standard Mandarin. When both sounds occurred next to each other, there was a tendency toward producing only one sound, suggesting that the speakers assimilated production toward one phonological target. The results suggest that L1 influence may differ for the L2 and L3.
Case Report: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient With Severe Aortic Stenosis, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, and an Anomalous Left Circumflex Artery
Authors: Aldauig Badreyah , El-Sabbah Mohammed , Alasnag Mirvat
Published: August 2021

The role of cardiac computed tomography in the evaluation of patients for transcatheter aortic valve implantation is well-established. However, its role in the evaluation of anomalous vessels in the pre-procedure planning, intra-procedural fusion imaging and post-procedure assessment of vessel patency is not yet defined. This case report illustrates the utility of cardiac CT throughout the management of complex structural interventions. Here, we describe an anomalous left coronary artery where the course of the anomalous vessel and its proximity to the aortic valve annulus is defined allowing the selection of the most appropriate balloon expandable valve with a planned deployment. Upon follow up, patency of this anomalous vessel is ascertained using CT as well as the transcatheter valve function and leaflet thickening.
Gradually Varied Flow Computation in Structured Irrigation Networks
Authors: Suresh S. , Sridharan K.
Published: August 2021

In this paper an algorithm for analysis and design of a structured irrigation network and a traditional irrigation network are developed on the basis of the gradually varied flow analysis of the flow in the entire network. The model developed brings advantages of the structured irrigation network concept and also allows the user to analyses and design the flow distribution in the entire network. Model built around the gradually varied flow analysis model with a tree network is divided into a group based on network consisting of an initial value problem and also a boundary value problem with junctions as the reconciled boundaries. The essence of the model is that it can handle several types of structures such as head regulators, duckbill weirs in the main canal, an open flume, a pipe semi module, a pipe outlet with and without a sleeve, proportional distributors and tail clusters in the offtakes. These structures are very important from the standpoint of analysis and design for successful implementation of a structured irrigation network on an existing system and also for analysis and design of a traditional irrigation system consisting of many gates and other structures. The focus of this paper is the efficacy of the water management in ensuring equitable distribution of flow at different discharges released at the head works.
The Interaction of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Superfamily Genes Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence-Related Aggression
Authors: Xu Jinzhong , Wu Fenzan , Wang Fan , Yang Fan , Liu Meng , Lou Mengbei , Wu Linman , Li Hui , Lin Wenhui , Fan Yunchao , Chen Li , Liu Yanlong , Xu Haiyun , He Jue
Published: August 2021

Alcohol dependence (AD) is characterized by compulsive alcohol consumption, which involves behavioral impairments such as aggression. Members of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 superfamily, including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, are major endocrine mediators that play an important role in alcohol metabolism and alcohol related disorders. The objective of the present study is to explore the possible associations among the interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FGF 19 superfamily, AD occurrence, and aggression in patients with AD. A total of 956 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 482 AD patients and 474 healthy controls (HCs). Michigan alcoholism screening test (MAST) was used to measure the level of AD, a Chinese version of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used to evaluate the aggressive behavior of subjects, and MassARRAY@ system was used to genotype rs948992 of FGF19, rs11665841 and rs11665896 of FGF21, rs7955866 and rs11063118 of FGF23. The results showed that AD patients presented a significantly higher level of aggression compared to HCs, and MAST scores were significantly positively associated Buss–Perry aggression scores (r = 0.402, p < 0.001) in AD patients. The interaction of FGF19 rs948992 TC × FGF21 rs11665896 GG presented the high-risk genotype combination predicting the high level of AD. In addition, the interaction of FGF19 rs948992 TC × FGF21 rs11665896 TG × FGF23 rs11063118 TT presented the high-risk genotype combination predicting the high level of aggression in AD patients. Our results added evidence linking the combination of rs948992 TC × rs11665896 TG × rs11063118 TT to aggressive behavior in AD patients and pointed out the potential usefulness of the SNPs of FGF19 superfamily as a predictor for the aggression in AD patients.
Role of Sulfur Metabolism Gene and High-Sulfur Gene Expression in Wool Growth Regulation in the Cashmere Goat
Authors: Chai Yuan , Sun Yanyong , Liu Bin , Guo Lili , Liu Zaixia , Zhou Le , Dai Lingli , Jia Chunyan , Zhang Wenguang , Li Chun
Published: August 2021

Sulfur, an essential mineral element for animals, mainly exists in the form of organic sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs), such as cystine, methionine, and cysteine, within the body. The content, form, and structure of sulfur play an important role in determining the wool fiber quality. In addition, keratin-associated proteins, one of the most crucial wool fiber components, are rich in SAAs. However, sulfur metabolism from the blood to the skin and hair follicles remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed high-sulfur protein gene and sulfur metabolism genes in the cashmere goat and explored the effects of melatonin on their expression. In total, 53 high-sulfur protein genes and 321 sulfur metabolism genes were identified. We found that high-sulfur protein genes were distributed in the 3–4 and 144M regions of chromosome 1 and the 40–41M region of chromosome 19 in goats. Moreover, all year round, allele-specific expression (ASE) is higher in the 40–41M region of chromosome 19 than in the other regions. Total of 47 high-sulfur protein genes showed interaction with transcription factors and cofactors with ASE. These transcription factors and cofactors were inhibited after melatonin implantation. The network analysis revealed that melatonin may activate the sulfur metabolism process via the regulation of the genes related to cell energy metabolism and cell cycle in the skin, which provided sufficient SAAs for wool and cashmere growth. In conclusion, our findings provide a new insight into wool growth regulation by sulfur metabolism genes and high-sulfur protein genes in cashmere goats.
Association of HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, and HLA-DQB1 Alleles With the Long-Term and Booster Immune Responses of Young Adults Vaccinated Against the Hepatitis B Virus as Neonates
Authors: Wang Wen-Chang , Lin Yu-Shiang , Chang Yin-Fan , Yeh Chih-Ching , Su Chien-Tien , Wu Jin-Shang , Su Fu-Hsiung
Published: August 2021

The neonatal hepatitis B vaccination (HBVac) was implemented 35 years ago in Taiwan, but many vaccinees exhibit inadequate long-term vaccine-induced seroprotective hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels. We investigated the association of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (DPA1, DPB1, DQA1, and DQB1) with the long-term immunological response to the neonatal HBVac and adolescent booster HBVac in a Taiwanese cohort. We divided 281 Han students (median age 22, age range 17–29 years) into the following groups: (1) Group A (n = 61): anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/mL at the beginning of the study; (2) Group B (n = 75): anti-HBs level > 1000 mIU/mL after the first booster; (3) Group C (n = 37): anti-HBs level < 10 mIU/mL after the first booster; and (4) Group D (n = 5): anti-HBs level < 10 mIU/mL after three boosters. DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, and DPB1 typing of the participants was performed using sequence-specific oligonucleotides. Associations of HLA alleles and haplotypes with effects on neonatal HBVac and booster HBVac were examined through logistic regression analysis and Fisher’s exact test. A false discovery rate-based measure of significance, the q-value, was used for multiple comparisons, and an association was considered significant if the corresponding q-value was < 0.1. DPA1 alleles were associated with the long-term immunological response to the neonatal HBVac. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the lack of HBV protective immunity when carrying an additional DPA1*01 and DPA1*02 was 0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17–0.76, p = 0.0076] and 2.39 (95% CI = 1.17–4.87, p = 0.016), respectively. DPB1 and DQB1 alleles were associated with a response to the adolescent booster vaccination. The estimated ORs of being nonresponsive to the first booster when carrying an additional DPB1*05 and DQB1*02 were 2.11 (95% CI = 1.13–3.93, p = 0.019) and 3.73 (95% CI = 1.43–9.71, p = 0.0070), respectively. All DPB1*03 carriers responded to the first booster (p of Fisher’s exact test = 0.0045). In our study, we discovered that HLA-DPA1 was primarily associated with the long-term response of primary infantile HBVac, and HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DQB1 exhibited associations with the HBV booster vaccination.