bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colloidal multiscale porous adhesive (bio)inks facilitate scaffold integration
Authors: Mostafavi Azadeh , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Karvar Mehran , Ghovvati Mahsa , Endo Yori , Sinha Indranil , Annabi Nasim , Tamayol Ali
Published: December 2021

Poor cellular spreading, proliferation, and infiltration, due to the dense biomaterial networks, have limited the success of most thick hydrogel-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Here, inspired by whipped cream production widely used in pastries, hydrogel-based foam bioinks are developed for bioprinting of scaffolds. Upon cross-linking, a multiscale and interconnected porous structure, with pores ranging from few to several hundreds of micrometers, is formed within the printed constructs. The effect of the process parameters on the pore size distribution and mechanical and rheological properties of the bioinks is determined. The developed foam bioinks can be easily printed using both conventional and custom-built handheld bioprinters. In addition, the foam inks are adhesive upon in situ cross-linking and are biocompatible. The subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds formed from the engineered foam bioinks showed their rapid integration and vascularization in comparison with their non-porous hydrogel counterparts. In addition, in vivo application of the foam bioink into the non-healing muscle defect of a murine model of volumetric muscle loss resulted in a significant functional recovery and higher muscle forces at 8 weeks post injury compared with non-treated controls.
Synchronized beamline at FLASH2 based on high-order harmonic generation for two-color dynamics studies
Authors: Appi E. , Papadopoulou C. C. , Mapa J. L. , Jusko C. , Mosel P. , Schoenberg A. , Stock J. , Feigl T. , Ališauskas S. , Lang T. , Heyl C. M. , Manschwetus B. , Brachmanski M. , Braune M. , Lindenblatt H. , Trost F. , Meister S. , Schoch P. , Trabattoni A. , Calegari F. , Treusch R. , Moshammer R. , Hartl I. , Morgner U. , Kovacev M.
Published: December 2021

We present the design, integration, and operation of the novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The VUV source is based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gas and is driven by an optical laser system synchronized with the timing structure of the FEL. Ultrashort pulses in the spectral range from 10 to 40 eV are coupled with the FEL in the beamline FL26, which features a reaction microscope (REMI) permanent endstation for time-resolved studies of ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular targets. The connection of the high-pressure gas HHG source to the ultra-high vacuum FEL beamline requires a compact and reliable system, able to encounter the challenging vacuum requirements and coupling conditions. First commissioning results show the successful operation of the beamline, reaching a VUV focused beam size of about 20 µm at the REMI endstation. Proof-of-principle photo-electron momentum measurements in argon indicate the source capabilities for future two-color pump–probe experiments.
Influence of entrapped gas morphology at liquid–solid interface on underwater drag reduction effect
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Bao , Weng Ding , Wang Caihua , Sun Na , Wang Jiadao
Published: December 2021

Although superhydrophobic surfaces that achieve underwater drag reduction by entrapped gas have become a consensus, few studies have analyzed the influence of bubble morphology on the drag reduction effect. Therefore, this paper proposes a grooved surface to achieve underwater drag reduction and discusses the influence of a bubble state on the underwater drag reduction effect through a numerical study. The results indicate that the morphological deformation of bubbles at different flow velocities can be divided into three states. State I: at low flow velocities, the entrapped gas remains as bubbles are contained with each groove; state II: at intermediate flow velocities, the bubbles deform and bridge multiple grooves forming a gas layer; and state III: at high flow velocities, bubbles break off of the gas layer, but the layer persists with a reduced volume. When the morphology of the bubble changes, the values of pressure drag and viscous drag also change over time. In the flow velocity range of 15–22 m/s (corresponding to states II and III), the hydrophobic grooved surface can obtain a considerable drag reduction effect. The morphology of entrapped gas at the liquid–solid interface is continuously changing, and the drag reduction effect is related to the morphology of the gas–liquid interface. In addition, experiments were carried out to verify the numerical simulation results. The results provide a theoretical basis for the surface structure design of underwater drag reduction and are helpful to the further research and applications of engineering.
Multipactor experiments on an S-band coaxial test cell
Authors: Langellotti Stephen V. , Jordan Nicholas M. , Lau Y. Y. , Gilgenbach Ronald M.
Published: December 2021

Radio frequency vacuum electronics are prone to multipactor discharges. These electron discharges, driven by secondary electron emission, can disrupt and damage devices and are particularly important in satellite communication systems. We present results from a new S-band coaxial multipactor test cell which demonstrates scaling to much higher frequencies (3.05 GHz) than previous coaxial experiments (10–150 MHz). The multipactor breakdown threshold has been found to agree very well with our earlier simulated predictions. The significant effect from multipactor self-conditioning has also been demonstrated and characterized. Future experiments will use this test cell to investigate various multipactor mitigation strategies.
Halide Perovskites for Photonics: Recent History and Perspectives
Authors: Vinattieri Anna , Giorgi Giacomo
Published: December 2021

A collection of halide perovskite photonic applications are reviewed. The most recent experiments along with the most widely employed theoretical methodologies are discussed, and a perspective about future potential applications is reported. Significant experiments are discussed with a focus on the relationship between the nanostructure and light-emission characteristics of a material. Theoretical literature of interest associated with the simulations of photonic devices is also reviewed. In addition, a brief description of the basic principles that are beyond the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach is provided. FDTD simulations for the characterization of the optical features of different halide perovskite dimensionalities are discussed, both as “free-standing” and in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, which is the theoretical method par excellence for the first-principles atomistic computation of structural and electronic properties of molecules and solids.
Excited-State Dynamics in Metal Halide Perovskites: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Li Wei , She Yalan , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: December 2021

The chapter summarizes recent research activities in the atomistic modeling of photoexcitation dynamics relevant to metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. The influence of realistic aspects of material composition and structure on nonradiative relaxation of charge carriers, hot-carrier cooling and trapping, and interfacial charge separation and recombination are illustrated using representative materials and interfaces. Focus is placed on point defects, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, surfaces and their passivation, grain boundaries, and interfaces of MHPs with charge transport layers. In addition to bulk materials, two-dimensional perovskites with different layer and spacer structures, edge passivations, and dielectric screening are discussed. Advanced physical phenomena, such as ferroelectric ordering, hot charge carriers, hot luminescence, quantum confinement, multiple excitons, and synergy between different dynamic processes, are considered. The atomistic description of the quantum dynamics under realistic conditions guides the development of high-performance perovskite devices.
Harnessing plant bioactivity for enteric methane mitigation in Australia
Authors: Durmic Z. , Black J. L. , Martin G. B. , Vercoe P. E.
Published: December 2021

This review provides examples of the utilisation of plant bioactivity to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from the Australian ruminant production systems. Potential plant-based mitigation strategies that reduce CH4 without major impacts on forage digestibility include the following: (i) low methanogenic tropical and temperate grass, legume and shrub forage species, which offer renewable and sustainable solutions and are easy to adopt, but may have restricted geographical distribution or relatively high costs of establishment and maintenance; (ii) plant-based agricultural by-products including grape marc, olive leaves and fruit, and distiller’s grains that can mitigate CH4 and provide relatively cheap high-nutrient supplements, while offsetting the impact of agricultural waste, but their use may be limited due to unfavourable characteristics such as high protein and water content or cost of transport; (iii) plant extracts, essential oils and pure compounds that are abundant in Australian flora and offer exciting opportunities on the basis of in vitro findings, but require verification in ruminant production systems. The greatest CH4 mitigation potential based on in vitro assays come from the Australian shrubs Eremophila species, Jasminum didymium and Lotus australis (>80% CH4 reduction), tropical forages Desmanthus leptophyllus, Hetropogon contortus and Leucaena leucocephala (~40% CH4 reduction), temperate forages Biserrula pelecinus (70–90% CH4 reduction), perennial ryegrass and white clover (~20% CH4 reduction), and plant extracts or essential oils from Melaleuca ericifolia, B. pelecinus and Leptospermum petersonii (up to 80% CH4 reduction). Further research is required to confirm effectiveness of these plant-based strategies in vivo, determine optimal doses, practical modes of delivery to livestock, analyse benefit–cost ratios and develop pathways to adoption.
East coast lows and extratropical transition of tropical cyclones, structures producing severe events and their comparison with mature tropical cyclones
Authors: Callaghan Jeff
Published: December 2021

Examination of events occurring over the last 53 years in the Australian Region have revealed in the minds of forecasters a common pattern in the development of severe extratropical cyclones which have affected the sub-tropical and temperate East Coast. To evaluate this theory 20 years of data were systematically examined and showed that this was true. To represent these many cases nine such events which delivered the largest impacts over the 53 years were chosen for study. These extratropical cyclones formed downstream of a tropopause undulation which can be easily identified as a warm region at the 200 hPa-level and the formation zone was in a region of heavy rain embedded in a region of warm air advection at 700 hPa. There were hardly any exceptions to this general rule, and one that occurred is presented and was also one of the most rapidly developing systems. This pattern is then evaluated against tropical cyclone events which move in the Australasian sub tropics and three different scenarios are described and compared with a mature severe tropical cyclone which intensified as it moved into the Australia sub tropics. Hurricane Sandy due to its devastating effect on the US sub-tropics in 2012 is examined as a benchmark case whose impact could affect the Australasian sub tropics in the future as sea levels rise with higher density populations.
The shortfin devilray (
Authors: McCann David , McCann Catherine , Yew C. M. , Araujo Gonzalo , Manjaji-Matsumoto B. Mabel
Published: December 2021

Mobula kuhlii (Müller and Henle 1841) is a small species of devilray of the family Mobulidae. The species was recently uplisted to endangered on the IUCN Red List due to inferred population declines of >50% across much of its range. Here, we report aggregating behaviour of this little-known species at Pulau Si Amil, Sabah, Malaysia, in the western Sulawesi Sea. We report observations of schooling behaviour with encounters of groups of 20–100 individuals of M. kuhlii at Pulau Si Amil between May 2014 and July 2015. The limited reproductive output and low recovery rate of mobulid rays make these species particularly susceptible to overexploitation. It is therefore essential to identify areas of importance for these species in order to facilitate further research to delineate conservation and management plans.
How do patients want to receive nutrition care? Qualitative findings from Australian health consumers
Authors: Somerville Mari , Ball Lauren , Kirkegaard Amy , Williams Lauren T.
Published: December 2021

This qualitative descriptive study explored health consumers’ preferences for receiving nutrition care in Australian primary care. The study was underpinned by a constructivist research paradigm. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 25 health consumers (age 19–78 years; 19 female) from across Australia between May and August 2020. Content analysis, using an inductive approach revealed emergent themes. was used to reveal emergent themes. Five themes were identified in the data: (1) health consumers want to receive nutrition care from a qualified person; (2) nutrition care is viewed as important, and health consumers want to receive it in a format that meets their needs; (3) nutrition care should be low cost and available to everyone; (4) nutrition care services should be conveniently located; and (5) health consumers want nutrition care to be offered frequently, across their lifespan. Health consumers have a clear idea of how they would like to receive nutrition care in the primary care setting, but reported challenges to receiving this care within the current system. New models of service delivery are needed to meet the needs of health consumers.
Effects of gypsum, irrigation and tillage on a sodic Yellow Kandosol at Carnarvon, Western Australia
Authors: Valzano F. P. , Greene R. S. B. , Murphy B. W. , Muller W. J.
Published: December 2021

Context Kandosol soils are widely distributed in Australia and are frequently used for irrigated cropping. However, under intensive irrigated cropping they can degrade due to poor structural stability where surface soil aggregates break down as a result of slaking and dispersion; the slaking is associated with low soil organic carbon levels (<1.0 g/100 g) on these frequently cultivated soils, and the dispersion is related to the moderate level of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) combined with low electrical conductivity (EC) levels in the soil solution. Aims To investigate the effects of applied gypsum (0, 2 and 10 t/ha), irrigation with water of low EC (0.5 dS/m) and low sodium adsorption ratio (≤2), and two tillage practices, i.e. conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), on the structure of a marginally sodic (ESP 6) Yellow Kandosol soil. Methods The experiment was conducted at Carnarvon, Western Australia. Key results After 2 years the soil EC (1:5) and ESP levels were significantly reduced on all plots at the three gypsum rates. The three gypsum rates also significantly affected exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and soluble Ca and Mg levels, as well as pH and dispersion values. Micromorphological examination indicated less dispersed clay with gypsum application. Conclusions The EC results indicated that the soil will require frequent re-application of gypsum to maintain electrolyte levels and prevent dispersion. With some of the variables, RT compared to CT demonstrated greater through-flow, which was attributed to the presence of more macropores in RT. Implications A change in management from semi-arid chenopod shrublands used for grazing to intensely cultivated horticulture will require careful consideration of factors causing soil structural instability.
Dynamic rupture initiation and propagation in a fluid-injection laboratory setup with diagnostics across multiple temporal scales
Authors: Gori Marcello , Rubino Vito , Rosakis Ares J. , Lapusta Nadia
Published: December 2021

Significance

Fluids present in the Earth’s crust promote earthquakes, as well as a variety of aseismic slip events, both in natural tectonic settings and potentially due to industrial activities, such as wastewater disposal, geothermal energy production, and CO
2
storage. To study the physical processes linking fluids and slip motion, we have devised a laboratory earthquake setup capable of injecting fluid onto a simulated fault and monitoring the resulting slip on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Our findings indicate that faster injection rates result in lower fluid pressure at rupture initiation, highlighting the role of fluid injection rate in inducing seismic or aseismic slip events. We also find that the presence of fluids significantly affects the dynamic rupture propagation.
Bacteriophage self-counting in the presence of viral replication
Authors: Yao Tianyou , Coleman Seth , Nguyen Thu Vu Phuc , Golding Ido , Igoshin Oleg A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Viral dormancy, in which the infected cell is not killed but rather becomes the long-term residence of the parasite, is a hallmark of viruses across kingdoms from bacteriophages to HIV. When and how viruses decide to opt for this lifestyle remains mysterious. Phage lambda, which serves as a paradigm for viral dormancy, is reported to count the number of coinfecting viruses and then uses this value to assess the abundance of potential hosts and decide whether to become dormant. Here, we use a single-cell measurement of viruses and messenger RNA together with mathematical modeling to illuminate how lambda performs this task.
The rise and fall of rationality in language
Authors: Scheffer Marten , van de Leemput Ingrid , Weinans Els , Bollen Johan
Published: December 2021

Significance

The post-truth era has taken many by surprise. Here, we use massive language analysis to demonstrate that the rise of fact-free argumentation may perhaps be understood as part of a deeper change. After the year 1850, the use of sentiment-laden words in Google Books declined systematically, while the use of words associated with fact-based argumentation rose steadily. This pattern reversed in the 1980s, and this change accelerated around 2007, when across languages, the frequency of fact-related words dropped while emotion-laden language surged, a trend paralleled by a shift from collectivistic to individualistic language.
The Long TBLT Journey
Authors: Doughty Catherine J.
Published: December 2021

In this piece, I trace Task-Based Language Teaching from Mike Long’s original conceptualization in 1985, through his development of methodological principles that are based on SLA theory and empirical evidence he gathered for three and half decades, to two recent (2010, 2015) practical examples of TBLT. Since there is still some important work to be done on remaining tricky issues, I highlight a few of these (unresolved in instructed SLA), such as sequencing according to complexity and the resilience of implicit processing mechanisms in adult language learning. In resolving these and other issues that will no doubt arise, I urge us all to follow Mike’s scrupulous lead in holding ourselves accountable to the empirical evidence.
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: December 2021

A description is provided for
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis
, infecting fish skeletal muscles, which appear greyish or greyish white, with heavily infected areas appearing as white patches under the skin; heavy infections may extend to other body organs, although the manner of spread is not clear; atrophy of the testes ('parasitic castration') may also occur. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Peru)).
Milk production, mortality, and economic parameters in the context of heat-stressed dairy cattle
Authors: Vriezen Rachael , Vriezen Ellen , Cranfield John
Published: December 2021

As climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms.  A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.
Spontaneous polarization effects on solid high harmonic generation in ferroelectric lithium niobate crystals
Authors: Shao Tian-Jiao , Hu Fang , Chen Hong-Bo
Published: December 2021

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in ferroelectric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is investigated theoretically by solving the semi-conductor Bloch equations. Because of the spontaneous polarization, even-order harmonics are produced in the HHG spectra of the LiNbO3 crystal driven by a monochromatic multi-cycle 3300 nm laser. Our numerical calculation shows that they are originated from the suppression of one half-optical cycle HHG process in each cycle of the driving field due to the spontaneous polarization. We also illustrate that the spontaneous polarization will increase the harmonic yield and extend the maximally attainable cutoff energy at the same time. We further report that the carrier-envelope phase dependence of HHG spectra changes from a minimum period of π rad to 2π rad when the laser polarization direction is parallel/anti-parallel to the spontaneous polarization direction in LiNbO3 crystal. This is promising to be utilized as an isolated attosecond pulse gating mechanism. Moreover, the two-color relative phase dependence of HHG in LiNbO3 is also investigated and shows broken inversion-symmetry.
Embedding Co2P nanoparticles in Cu doping carbon fibers for Zn–air batteries and supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Liang Haiou , Yu Haiyan , Bai Jie , Li Chunping
Published: December 2021

Developing highly efficient and non-precious materials for Zn–air batteries (ZABs) and supercapacitors (SCs) are still crucial and challenging. Herein, electronic reconfiguration and introducing conductive carbon-based materials are simultaneously conducted to enhance the ZABs and SCs performance of Co2P. We develop a simple and efficient electrospinning technology followed by carbonization process to synthesize embedding Co2P nanoparticles in Cu doping carbon nanofibers (Cu-Co2P/CNFs). As a result, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs presents high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity (half-wave potential of 0.792 V for ORR, an overpotential of 360 mV for OER). The ZABs exhibit a power density of 230 mW cm−2 and excellent discharge-charge stability of 80 h. In addition, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs show the specific capacitance of 558 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs//CNFs asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled applying 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs electrode and pure CNFs, which exhibits a high energy density (25.9 Wh kg−1), exceptional power density (217.5 kW kg−1) and excellent cycle stability (96.6% retention after 10 000 cycles). This work may provide an effective way to prepared Co2P based materials for ZABs and SCs applications.
Resistive MHD modes in hollow cathodes external plasma
Authors: Becatti G , Burgalassi F , Paganucci F , Zuin M , Goebel D M
Published: December 2021

A significant number of plasma instabilities occur in the region just outside of hollow cathodes, depending on the injected gas flow, the current level and the application of an external magnetic field. In particular, the presence of an axial magnetic field induces a helical mode, affecting all the plasma parameters and the total current transported by the plasma. To explore the onset and behavior of this helical mode, the fluctuations in the plasma parameters in the current-carrying plume outside of a hollow cathode discharge have been investigated. The hollow cathode was operated at a current of 25 A, and at variable levels of propellant flow rate and applied magnetic fields. Electromagnetic probes were used to measure the electromagnetic fluctuations, and correlation analysis between each of the probe signals provided spatial-temporal characterization of the generated waves. Time-averaged plasma parameters, such as plasma potential and ion energy distribution function, were also collected in the near-cathode plume region by means of scanning emissive probe and retarding potential analyzer. The results show that the helical mode exists in the cathode plume at sufficiently high applied magnetic field, and is characterized by the presence of a finite electromagnetic component in the axial direction, detectable at discharge currents ⩾25 A. A theoretical analysis of this mode reveals that one possible explanation is consistent with the hypotheses of resistive magnetohydrodynamics, which predicts the presence of helical modes in the forms of resistive kink. The analysis has been carried out by linear perturbation of the resistive MHD equations, from which it is possible to obtain the dispersion relation of the mode and find the k–ω unstable branch associated with the instability. These findings provided the basis for more detailed investigation of resistive MHD modes and their effect in the plume of hollow cathodes developed for electric propulsion application.
Investigating two-stage degradation of threshold voltage induced by off-state stress in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Lin Yu-Shan , Chen Yi-Lin , Chang Ting-Chang , Ciou Fong-Min , Zhu Qing , Tai Mao‐Chou , Su Wan-Ching , Kuo Ting-Tzu , Chen Kuan-Hsu , Zhu Jie-Jie , Mi Min-Han , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue
Published: December 2021

In this work, a two-step degradation phenomenon in D-mode Si3N4/AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor-high electron mobility transistors is discussed systematically. During off-state stress, threshold voltage shifts positively for a short duration, and is followed by a negative shift. In contrast, the off-state leakage continues to decrease throughout the entire stress. Results of varied measurement conditions indicate that carrier trapping at different regions dominates this phenomenon. It is interesting that under a large lateral electric field, electron–hole pairs are generated and will then be trapped at the gate dielectric layer. Furthermore, when increasing the stress temperature, impact ionization due to carriers from the gate electrode becomes more severe. Finally, devices with different gate insulator thicknesses are performed to verify the physical model of the degradation behavior.
A review of quantum transport in field-effect transistors
Authors: Ferry David K , Weinbub Josef , Nedjalkov Mihail , Selberherr Siegfried
Published: December 2021

Confinement in small structures has required quantum mechanics, which has been known for a great many years. This leads to quantum transport. The field-effect transistor has had no need to be described by quantum transport over most of the century for which it has existed. But, this has changed in the past few decades, as modern versions tend to be absolutely controlled by quantum confinement and the resulting modifications to the normal classical descriptions. In addition, correlation and confinement lead to a need for describing the transport by quantum methods as well. In this review, we describe the quantum effects and the methods of treament through various approaches to quantum transport.
DC and analog/RF performance of C-shaped pocket TFET (CSP-TFET) with fully overlapping gate
Authors: Chen Zi-Xin , Liu Wei-Jing , Liu Jiang-Nan , Wang Qiu-Hui , Zhang Xu-Guo , Xu Jie , Li Qing-Hua , Bai Wei , Tang Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2021

A C-shaped pocket tunnel field effect transistor (CSP-TFET) has been designed and optimized based on the traditional double-gate TFETs by introducing a C-shaped pocket region between the source and channel to improve the device performance. A gate-to-pocket overlapping structure is also examined in the proposed CSP-TFET to enhance the gate controllability. The effects of the pocket length, pocket doping concentration and gate-to-pocket overlapping structure on the DC and analog/RF characteristics of the CSP-TFET are estimated after calibrating the tunneling model in double-gate TFETs. The DC and analog/RF performance such as on-state current (I
on), on/off current ratio (I
on/I
off), subthreshold swing (SS) transconductance (g
m), cut-off frequency (f
T) and gain–bandwidth product (GBP) are investigated. The optimized CSPTFET device exhibits excellent performance with high I
on (9.98 × 10−4 A/μm), high I
on/I
off (∼ 1011), as well as low SS (∼ 12 mV/dec). The results reveal that the CSP-TFET device could be a potential alternative for the next generation of semiconductor devices.
A nonlocal Boussinesq equation: Multiple-soliton solutions and symmetry analysis
Authors: Liu Xi-zhong , Yu Jun
Published: December 2021

A nonlocal Boussinesq equation is deduced from the local one by using consistent correlated bang method. To study various exact solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation, it is converted into two local equations which contain the local Boussinesq equation. From the N-soliton solutions of the local Boussinesq equation, the N-soliton solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are obtained, among which the (N = 2,3,4)-soliton solutions are analyzed with graphs. Some periodic and traveling solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are derived directly from the known solutions of the local Boussinesq equation. Symmetry reduction solutions of the nonlocal Boussinesq equation are also obtained by using the classical Lie symmetry method.
Small-angle neutron scattering study on the stability of oxide nanoparticles in long-term thermally aged 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel
Authors: Gao Peng-Lin , Gong Jian , Tian Qiang , Sun Gung-Ai , Yan Hai-Yang , Chen Liang , Bai Liang-Fei , Guo Zhi-Meng , Ju Xin
Published: December 2021

A 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel was thermally aged at 873 K for up to 5000 h. The size distribution and chemical composition of the dispersed oxide nanoparticles were analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering under a magnetic field. Combined with transmission electron microscopy, Vickers micro-hardness tests and electron backscattered diffraction measurements, all the results showed that the thermal treatment had little or no effect on the size distributions and volume fractions of the oxide nanoparticles in the ferromagnetic matrix, which suggested excellent thermal stability of the 9Cr-ODS steel.
Superconductivity in CuIr
2–x
Al
x
Te4 telluride chalcogenides
Authors: Yan Dong , Zeng Lingyong , Zeng Yijie , Lin Yishi , Yin Junjie , Wang Meng , Wang Yihua , Yao Daoxin , Luo Huixia
Published: December 2021

The relationship between charge-density-wave (CDW) and superconductivity (SC), two vital physical phases in condensed matter physics, has always been the focus of scientists’ research over the past decades. Motivated by this research hotspot, we systematically studied the physical properties of the layered telluride chalcogenide superconductors CuIr2−x
Al
x
Te4 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2). Through the resistance and magnetization measurements, we found that the CDW order was destroyed by a small amount of Al doping. Meanwhile, the superconducting transition temperature (T
c) kept changing with the change of doping amount and rose towards the maximum value of 2.75 K when x = 0.075. The value of normalized specific heat jump (Δ C/γ T
c) for the highest T
c sample CuIr1.925Al0.075Te4 was 1.53, which was larger than the BCS value of 1.43 and showed the bulk superconducting nature. In order to clearly show the relationship between SC and CDW states, we propose a phase diagram of T
c vs. doping content.
Interfacial defect engineering and photocatalysis properties of hBN/MX
2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se) heterostructures
Authors: Sun Zhi-Hai , Liu Jia-Xi , Zhang Ying , Li Zi-Yuan , Peng Le-Yu , Huang Peng-Ru , Zou Yong-Jin , Xu Fen , Sun Li-Xian
Published: December 2021

Van der Waals (VDW) heterostructures have attracted significant research interest due to their tunable interfacial properties and potential applications in many areas such as electronics, optoelectronic, and heterocatalysis. In this work, the influences of interfacial defects on the electronic structures and photocatalytic properties of hBN/MX
2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se) are studied using density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that the band alignment of hBN/MX
2 can be adjusted by introducing vacancies and atomic doping. The type-I band alignment of the host structure is maintained in the heterostructure with n-type doping in the hBN sublayer. Interestingly, the band alignment changed into the type-II heterostructrue due to VB defect and p-type doping is introduced into the hBN sublayer. This can conduce to the separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs at the interfaces, which is highly desired for heterostructure photocatalysis. In addition, two Z-type heterostructures including hBN(BeB)/MoS2, hBN(BeB)/MoSe2, and hBN(VN)/MoSe2 are achieved, showing the decreasing of band gap and ideal redox potential for water splitting. Our results reveal the possibility of engineering the interfacial and photocatalysis properties of hBN/MX
2 heterostructures via interfacial defects.
Data acquisition and slow control interface for the Mu2e experiment
Authors: Gioiosa A. , Bonventre R. , Donati S. , Flumerfelt E. , Horton-Smith G. , Morescalchi L. , O’Dell V. , Pedreschi E. , Pezzullo G. , Spinella F. , Uplegger L. , Rivera R.A.
Published: December 2021

The Mu2e experiment at the Fermilab Muon Campus will search for the coherent neutrinoless conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus with a sensitivity improvement by a factor of 10000 over existing limits. The Mu2e Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses otsdaq as the online Data Acquisition System (DAQ) solution. Developed at Fermilab, otsdaq integrates both the artdaq DAQ and the art analysis frameworks for event transfer, filtering, and processing. otsdaq is an online DAQ software suite with a focus on flexibility and scalability and provides a multi-user, web-based, interface accessible through a web browser. The data stream from the detector subsystems is read by a software filter algorithm that selects events which are combined with the data flux coming from a cosmic ray veto system. The Detector Control System (DCS) has been developed using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) open source platform for monitoring, controlling, alarming, and archiving. The DCS system has been integrated into otsdaq. A prototype of the TDAQ and the DCS systems has been built at Fermilab’s Feynman Computing Center. In this paper, we report on the progress of the integration of this prototype in the online otsdaq software.
Final design of the ITER bolometer first plasma component: cable installation template
Authors: Penzel F. , Pataki A. , Meister H. , Ingesson L.C. , Walach U. , Villarejo M.A. , Gandhi A. , Fresquet E. , Majewski M. , Reichle R. , Shaikh S.
Published: December 2021

The ITER bolometer cable installation template is a first plasma component which main function is to provide a temporary fixation of the mineral insulated cables and to protect them through first plasma operation inside the vacuum vessel until the final bolometer cameras are installed in the second assembly phase. In this paper, the final design of the cable installation template will be presented, the assembly procedures and important functional design details in order to be compliant with its interfaces, the vacuum vessel, the flux loops, the electrical services, the first plasma components and the assembly. Requirements that drive the design will be explained, along with the technical solutions chosen to fulfill them. Important sub-components will be presented in more detail, such as the boss fixation, which will compensate geometrical uncertainties of the as-built boss positioning, as well as the mineral insulated cable holder, which will prepare the electrical termination and facilitate the installation of final vacuum vessel cameras during the second assembly phase of ITER. Additionally, the step-by-step assembly plan agreed with the team of ITER machine assembly and tooling will be described. A custom developed boss welding tool will be described as well. The system load specifications applicable for this first plasma component will be presented as well and an overview of the structural integrity analysis report will be given. It will be shown that most loads on the component are very limited and there is no risk of structural failure or loss of relevant system functions. The paper concludes with a summary of the work and an overview of the procurement and delivery status to ITER.
A high-luminosity superconducting twin e+e- linear collider with energy recovery
Authors: Telnov V.I.
Published: December 2021

Superconducting technology makes it possible to build a high
energy e+e- linear collider with energy recovery (ERLC) and
reusable beams. To avoid parasitic collisions inside the linacs, a
twin (dual) LC is proposed. In this article, I consider the
principle scheme of the collider and estimate the achievable
luminosity, which is limited by collision effects and available
power. Such a collider can operate in a duty cycle (DC) and in a
continuous (CW) modes, if sufficient power. With current SC Nb
technology (T = 1.8 K, f
RF = 1.3 GHz, used for ILC) and with
power P = 100 MW, a luminosity L ∼ 0.33 × 1036 cm-2 s-1 is possible at the Higgs factory with
2E
0 = 250 GeV. Using superconductors operating at 4.5 K with high
Q
0 values, such as Nb3Sn, and f
RF = 0.65 GHz, the
luminosity can reach L ∼ 1.4 × 1036 cm-2 s-1 at 2EE0 = 250 GeV (with P = 100 MW) and L ∼ 0.8 × 1036 cm-2 s-1 at
2E
0 = 500 GeV (with P = 150 MW), which is almost two
orders of magnitude greater than at the ILC, where the beams are
used only once. This technology requires additional efforts to
obtain the required parameters and reliably operation. Such a
collider would be the best machine for precision Higgs studies,
including the measurement of Higgs self-coupling.
Future projections of temperature and precipitation for Antarctica
Authors: Tewari Kamal , Mishra Saroj K , Salunke Popat , Dewan Anupam
Published: December 2021

Antarctica directly impacts the lives of more than half of the world’s population living in the coastal regions. Therefore it is highly desirable to project its climate for the future. But it is a region where the climate models have large inter-modal variability and hence it raises questions about the robustness of the projections available. Therefore, we have examined 87 global models from three modelling consortia (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP)), characterized their fidelity, selected a set of ten models (MM10) performing satisfactorily, and used them to make the future projection of precipitation and temperature, and assessed the contribution of precipitation towards sea-levels. For the historical period, the multi-model mean (MMM) of CMIP5 performed slightly better than CMIP6 and was worse for NEX-GDDP, with negligible surface temperature bias of approximately 0.5 °C and a 17.5% and 19% biases in the mean precipitation noted in both CMIP consortia. These biases considerably reduced in MM10, with 21st century projections showing surface warming of approximately 5.1 °C–5.3 °C and precipitation increase approximately 44%–50% against ERA-5 under high-emission scenarios in both CMIP consortia. This projected precipitation increase is much less than that projected using MMM in previous studies with almost the same level of warming, implying approximately 40.0 mm yr−1 contribution of precipitation towards sea-level mitigation against approximately 65.0 mm yr−1.
The Paradigm of Village Development in South Sulawesi in Utilizing Village Funds in the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Zaman N , Rukmana D , Fahmid I M , Jamil M H
Published: December 2021

Social, economic and ecological development in rural areas is currently the main concern of the Indonesian Government at the national level. This study aims to determine the extent to which village funds are used by the government and village communities for the development of the agricultural sector and the application of the development paradigm in the agricultural sector. The population in this study were all villages in South Sulawesi that received Village Fund assistance from 2015 to 2019. Sampling was based on village classifications according to the Developing Village Index (IDM). Based on the results of the analysis method, it shows that the Village Fund can only be used to fund two of the four activity sectors that can be financed from the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely the development sector and the rural empowerment sector. Public. Whereas the application of the development paradigm in each village is based on the village classification using the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely: 1) The village is very backward adopting the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 2) under developed villages adopt the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 3) Building the village by adopting the Liberal paradigm. 4) developed villages adopt a liberal a paradigm. 5) independent villages adopt a liberal paradigm.
Land Cover Change and Coastal Sustainability in the Coastal Area of Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ariyani  , Achmad M , Morgan E
Published: December 2021

Coastal areas provide invaluable resources which have important environment, economic and social value. These resources encourages growing population and development which induced rapid changes in coastal areas. This study aims to analyse the changes in land cover of the coastal areas of Kendari Bay to provide recent perspectives of how land cover has changed using Landsat TM and Landsat OLI images for the period of 1998, 2008 and 2018. The classified land cover classes are categorized as waterbodies, built-up, bareland, forest, wetland, vegetation and mangrove. The land cover map of each period was acquired from supervised classification using maximum likelihood algorithm in ArcGIS, then the land cover change was analysed through post-classification change detection of GIS-based method. . Accuracy assessment of classified images shows the overall accuracy is estimated as 88.71%, 85.81% and 91.61%, and overall Kappa coeffient statistical values of 0.87, 0.83 and 0.90 for the year 1998, 2008 and 2018 respectively. This study found that there was significant land cover change in the coastal areas of Kendari Bay. It was dominated by the expansion of built-up areas and bareland by 55% and 469.77% respectively, which was gained from the conversion of vegetation and wetland. Meanwhile, considerable reduction were shown in mangrove, wetland, forest and vegetation which have declined by 48.65%, 43.39%, 38.72% and 27.20%. Analysing land cover change is an effective way to understand the dynamics of land cover in coastal areas, and can be used for future land use planning and policies.
A modification of land suitability requirements for maize in the humid tropics of South Sulawesi
Authors: Neswati R , Baja S , Lopulisa C
Published: December 2021

Evaluation of land suitability needs to be supported by site-specific approach including criteria of the land use type. One of the important food crops in the humid tropic of Indonesia is maize (Zea mays L.). The main aim of this study was to modification land suitability requirements for maize in the specific humid tropic of Indonesia. There were 3 representative districts in the South Sulawesi of Indonesia, consists of Jeneponto (dry zone, climate type E), East Luwu (wet zone, climate type A), and Bulukumba (relative dry, climate type D). There were 20 profiles in each district so that total of representative are 60 farmers and 60 profiles. This study used the deductive parametric approach on determine land suitability index (based on crops yield), the determination of observation’s point was purposive sampling, data analysis was use Pearson correlation and linier regression analysis including on determination of interval value of land characteristics that have correlation and significant effect to maize yield. The result showed that land characteristics that have significant effect (p<0.01) to maize yield in the humid tropic of South Sulawesi were precipitation of growth cycle, soil pH, C-Organic, and base saturation. The range values of land characteristics which classified as optimal (S1) for humid tropic region of Indonesia were precipitation of growth cycle (650-900 mm), soil pH (6.8-7.0), C-organic ( >2.2%), and base saturation (>62%), furthermore classified as marginal (S3) whether precipitation of growth cycle(<270 mm), C-organic (<1.15%), soil pH (<5.47 or >8.0), and base saturation (10-41%).
Weather Forecasting Uses Backpropagation Algorithm Artificial Neural Network Model for Agricultural Planning in Three Villages at Three Sub-Districts of Gowa Regency
Authors: Lestari A A , Munir A , Suhardi
Published: December 2021

Weather is a condition of air in a narrow place, which is a condition based on symptoms of temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, rainfall, sun exposure, cloud conditions, wind speed and others. This study aims to develop weather prediction models that are used for planning agricultural cultivation activities. The method used in predicting climate is Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network technique based on rainfall data in 1996-2019 in Samata Village, 1975-2019 in Julu Bori Village and 2007-2019 in Tete Batu Village. The results showed that the climate classification according to Oldeman in Samata Village dan Julu Bori Village were in the C1 climate type suitable for planting one-time rice crops and crops twice in one year while Tete Batu Village was in the B3 climate type suitable for planting rice crops twice and crops once a year.