bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insect Atlas as a Learning Resource for Diversity of Insect
Authors: Yulianti Eka , Ni’mah Zumrotun , Nursin Lili Shafdila
Published: April 2021

Diversity of insect is a biological theme that allows direct knowledge and experience of learning for student. The author describes 24 order and 34 species of JAZ (Jogja Adventure Zone), Candi Abang, and Liwa Lampung Barat. The research on insect as a source of learning is rarely done. Learning resources in the form of insect diversity atlases can help students to understand insects completely. The author develops a colorful atlas of an insect order using Corel Draw X5 software through the identification o f indicator to be achieved, preparation of materials, layout design, and product printing. the product was assessed by 1 material expert, 1 media expert, 3 peer reviewer, 2 biology teachers and tested by 15 high school/MA students using checklist questionnaire. The result of the overall assessment of the colored atlas of the insect’s diversity showed very good qualifications with an assessment percentage 88,9% and the response of students showed very good qualifications with a percentage 91,2%.
Scientific Study: Enhancing Baby's Body Immunity Through the Javanese Tahnik Tradition
Authors: Nurutstsany Elfrida , Fujiyanti Hersy
Published: April 2021

Existence of Javanese culture is still inherent in modern times with beliefs that cannot be abandoned. Tradition nyetaki is an expression of gratitude to God about the birth of a child. Based on the view of Islam, it is called tahnik, which is to chew dates until smooth and then put into the baby's mouth and rub it into the palate so that there are some dates that are swallowed. In addi tion to dates, foods that are commonly used are sweet foods. Tahnik is done by people who are considered experts in religious science or have a high spiritual spirit. In the basics saliva and mouth store various kinds of bacteria. The phenomenon that occurs due to the tradition of tahnik is to strengthen the baby's immunity. The research method is descriptive explorative qualitative. Data and sources are obtained through observation to the community and literacy studies from various valid reference sources. This study examines the local wisdom that is trusted by the people of Java about Islamic immunization. Cultural know-how involves dental peristalsis, oral amylase enzymes, and bacteria in the mouth. Positive bacteria in the tahnik process will move to the baby's stomach so as to stimulate natural immunity. The bacteria contained in the mouth will make the natural immune system, so the body is resistant to these bacteria. The mouth contains an amylase enzyme that can break down glucose. Baby's glucose needs are less than 20 mg/100 mL - 30 mg/100 mL of blood so that they are susceptible to contracting the disease. So, dates or sweet foods that contain carbohydrates break down into simple molecules and speed up the digestive process. The spiritual value of the power of prayer and public trust strengthens the baby's immune system.
The Anatomy of Respiratory Organ of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus)
Authors: Nuralam Erica , Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far
Published: April 2021

The study aims to find out about the anatomical and histological structure of gill organ and labyrinth in Anabas Testudineus. The organ used is gill and labyrinth of climbing perch. The histological observation is done by making the histological preparation applied to a Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The result of this study shows that the anatomical gill of climbing perch consists of the gill filaments and gill rakers attaching to the gill arch and the cartilage fold which are shaped like a rose. Then, the histological observation of climbing perch gill consists of the gill filament and gill arch. The gill arch is composed of gill rakers, mucosal epithelium, adipose tissue, basal membrane, mucous cell, submucosa, artery, and bone tissue. The gill filament consists of primary and secondary lamella. Primary lamella is composed of cartilage coated by perichondrium, central venous sinus, chloride cell, while secondary lamella is composed of squamous epithelium cell, mucous cell, pillar cell, and erythrocyte. Labyrinth is made up of adipose tissue, elastic cartilage, perichondrium, epithelium, blood vessel, connective tissue, and mucous cell.
Anatomy and Histology of Testes of Male Buffalo Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis)
Authors: Umartani Lita Ayu , Rahim Aretasani , Syahidah Halimah Asy
Published: April 2021

The buffalo egret (Bubulcus ibis) belongs to the Ciconiiformes order, family Ardeidae. The buffalo egret (Bubulcus ibis) is the smallest egret (about 50 cm). Its body is slimmer than Blekoksawah (Ardeolaspeciosa), although not as large as egrets. All feathers are white, but during the mating season the feathers on the head, neck, back and chest are yellow. Reproductive organs are the ke y to success in maintaining new offspring. Male reproductive organs will produce male sex cells or living spermatozoa. It is important to do research on anatomy and histology to determine the maturity of the reproductive organs of the bird. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and histological structure of male reproductive organs of buffalo egrets (Bubulcus ibis). The method used for histology is the paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis for histological preparations. Anatomical observations include the color, shape and location of the reproductive organs, while histological observations of the structure of the reproductive organs using a microscope. The results of the study were anatomically pale-colored testicle. The location of the testicles is on ventral from the most cranial lobe. While the histological structure of the testis of the Buffalo Egret (Bubulcus ibis) consisted of spermatozoa, lumen, stereosilia, ephitelium of eididymis and seminiferous tubules.
Characteristics Between New Oil and Used Oil by Using Laser Light Intensity and Lux Meter
Authors: Putri Mala Desrinda Dwi , Slamet Rifai , Rakhmadi Frida Agung
Published: April 2021

Tests on the characteristics of making new oil and used oil by using laser light intensity and lux meters have been done. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the characteristics of the light intensity between fresh oil and used oil. In this study used an alternative method to the light intensity Lux meter. To get the data is done by varying the distance from the laser to the sample as much as five times. Based on data obtained from testing the intensity of light on new oil and used oil can be concluded that the valu e of the light intensity at the new oil is greater than the used oil. New oil has a light intensity of I = (0.122591964) Cd and used oil has a light intensity of I = (0.017841741) Cd.
Resistance Characteristics of Pork Meatballs and Beef Meatballs Using Multimeter
Authors: Qodir Moh. Yasin Faidlul , Rahmaningrum Nadia , Rakhmadi Frida Agung
Published: April 2021

Meatballs is food typical Indonesian that has taste delicious. It is even the most referred food for Indonesian people. The ingrediants used in meatballs is meat, flour and etc. Most Indonesian people are Muslim. So, not carelessly eating meatballs made from meat (Pork). The purpose of this study is to find out whether meatballs use pork or not, using the resistance method with a digital multimeter. Resistance is the ability to inhibit electricity. This trial uses pork meatballs and beef meatballs 5 times a try on each meatball. Resistance values were obtained for pork meatballs 3,718 Ω and for beef meatballs 2,988 Ω. From the data obtained, the resistance value in pork meatballs is higher than beef meatballs.
Diversity of Dragonfly Genus Drepanosticta in Tourism Forest Curug Cipendok, Banyumas District
Authors: Zaman Mokhamad Nur , Fuadi Bakhtiar Fahmi , Sultoni Akhmad
Published: April 2021

Cipendok especially have rich biodiversity. One of the themes is Javanese endemic dragonfly.  Around 3 Javanese endemic dragonfly species was recorded in Curug Cipendok. Collection data was carried out in July until August 2017. The method used was exploration following path in several habitats, namely plantation, secondary forest, Pocung lake and field. Purpose of this study is to record the diversity of Javanese endemic dragonfly and distribution Drepanosticta in forest tourism curug Cipendok. The result from this observation is found three species that is Drepanosticta sundana, Drepanosticta gazella, and Drepanosticta spatulifera. The highest population is Drepanosticta gazella with 48% from totally individual and lowest is Drepanosticta sundana 13%. The diversity with Shannon-Wiener index is 0.97 that is low diversity. From observation distribution of Drepanostica only founded in a specific habitat, that is a secondary forest.
Checklist of Riparian Vegetation Potentially as Phytoremediators in the Upper Gajah Wong River, Yogyakarta
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Kurniawan Wisnu , Listianto Listianto , Afrianto Mustofa , Urachman Ziar zia
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the types of plants in the upper reaches of the Gajah Wong river which have the potential as phytoremediation agents and provide information about the function of riparian ecosystems. Plant sampling was carried out in December 2016 in three villages namely Sardonoharjo, Hargobinangun and Widomartani. The method used in this research is the transect and plot method. Transect measuring 200 meters according to the shape of the river and paired with a plot of 10 meters long, so that in each location there are 5 plots on the left and right of the river. Inventaritation of vegetation at the river level conducted in three villages upstream of Gajah Wong river found 84 types of plants consisting of 28 types of floor plants (herbs), 23 types of bush plants, 13 types of shrubs, and 21 species of trees. Whereas for phytoremidiator agents 30 plants were found that were able to reduce pollutants based on previous research. The village that has the highest diversity is Wedomartani and Sadonoharjo villages with 41 plant species. Whereas for Hargobinangun village where the place is higher, only 37 species of plants are found.
Study of Odonata Diversity in Kerangas Forest Sukadamai Village and Punai Beach Simpang Pesak, Belitung Timur
Authors: Purwanto Pratama Bimo , Zaman Mokhammad Nur , P Abellia Ike , Akbar Mushawir , Arief Marwan
Published: April 2021

Belitung is known as the biggest tin mining in Indonesia. Besides that, Belitung also has a lot of biological resources, that is Odonata (dragonfly). The research was conducted in June 2018 by exploration in Belitung, particularly in Punai beach and Kerangas forest (ex-tin mining) area. There is found 17 type of dragonfly such as Ichtinogomphus decoratus., Macrogomphus sp., Orthetrum sabina., Nannophya pygmaea., Neurothemis fluctuans., Rhodothemis rufa., Rhyothemis phyllis., Urothnemis signata., Pseudagrion coomansi., Ceriagrion cerinorubellum., Acisoma panorpoides., Brachydiplax chalybea., Diplacodes nebulosa., Orthetrum pruinosum., Agriocnemis femina., Agriocnemis pygmaea., and Ischnura senegalensis. All species were conducted to find out the diversity using Shannon-Wiener index and resulting 2,77 index.
Anatomical Study of Red-eared TurteTail (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Nofita Putri , Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far , Dewi Reza Sukma
Published: April 2021

Turtles are reptiles armored backs hard, slow motion, appearing for the first time about 200 million years ago and relative ly unchanged for 150 million years. This study aims to determine the anatomical structure of the axial skeleton and determine the histologic structure of red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) females. The method used, among others, Alizarin Red S staining Alcian Blue, methods of paraffin with Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and Mallory acid fuchsin and used 3 adult turtles 3 years old. The results showed that vertebral caudalis red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) females composed of true bone, vertebrae-type amphicoelous not have plains autotomy and histology red-eared turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) females resemble histological structure other tail reptiles with some differences that only have 4 files do not have the muscle and fat tissue.
Torsion Dynamometer Application for Detecting Water Was Contaminated by Detergent
Authors: Saputra Rakha , Haryarta Gusfianang , Rakhmadi Frida Agung
Published: April 2021

Research on the Torsion Dynamometer application to water was contaminated by detergent has been carried out. This research aims to develop alternative methods for detecting water was contaminated by detergent. This research is conducted in three stages, including preparation of tools and materials, data collection, and data processing. The results of this research indicate water was contaminated by detergent has the characteristics of surface tension ɣ=(0,256x10-1±1,354x10-4) N/m while, normal water has the characteristics of surface tension ɣ=(0,490x10-1±1,687x10-4)N/m. Therefore, Torsion Dynamometer can be used as an alternative method to distinguish between water was contaminated by detergent and normal water.
Fruit and Vegetables as a Potential Source of Alternative Electrical Energy
Authors: Fauzia Syifa , Ashiddiqi Muhammad Abdul Haq , Khotimah Alfiatun Wa’is Khusnul
Published: April 2021

From the total municipal organic waste, around 60% are vegetables and 40% are leaves, fruit peels and leftovers. In fruits contain substances such as ascorbic acid, citric acid and NADH (Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide Hydrogen, that produces cell energy), which under certain conditions these chemicals act as electrolytes. From the electrical properties that contain a lot of electrolytes from fruit and vegetable waste can be used as a renewable alternative energy source in the form of bio -batteries as a substitute for conventional batteries. The development of waste fruits and vegetables as bio-batteries will contribute greatly to the world of science in particular, and society in general. Data collection from previous studies was carried out and then analyzed based on existing parameters. There are various parameters related to the electrical properties of fruits and vegetables. Different types of fruits and vegetables produce different currents and voltages. Fruits and vegetables have different pH (acidity), where pH is inversely proportional to current and voltage. In addition, the type of electrode used also affects the electrical properties. The distance between electrodes is inversely proportional to current and voltage in fruit and vegetable waste. Installing bio-batteries in series and parallel can increase current and voltage. Bio-batteries with a higher voltage will produce longer LED flash times.
Anatomical Structure of Shark Fish Digestive (Carcharhinus sorrah)
Authors: Happyalita Ulfaricha Cahya , Kamila Nur Lailatul
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the anatomical structure of sharks. Sharks are members of the subclass elasmobranchii. Sharks (Carcharhinus sorrah) are shaped like terpedoit. This research was conducted using macroscopic and microscopic observations on the digestive organs of sharks (Carcharhinus sorrah). Macroscopic observation is done by looking at shapes, structures, and analyzing photos of organs. Microscopic observation was carried out by making organ preparations using paraffin method, using hematoxylin-eosin staining then observed using a microscope. Digestive organs of sharks (Carcharhinus sorrah) were observed, namely, stomach, intestine and liver.
Visualization of Schrodinger Equations Polar Wave Functions for Non-Central Coulombic Rosen Morse Potential in ExcitationState nr = 2 and l = 1
Authors: Yanuarief Cecilia
Published: April 2021

Research has been conducted which shows the quantization visualization of hydrogen atom orbitals angular space in Rosen Morse potential system interference when the electrons are excited in the state of  nr= 2 and l = 1 through the polar function analysis of the Schrödinger Potential of Non-Central Coloumbic Rosen Morse. The polar Schrödinger equation is solved using the Romanovski polynomial method to obtain the polar wave function. To show the accuracy of the analysis, the polar wave function spectrum i s visualized with Matlab-based computer programming.
Histological Study of Mudskipper (Periophthalmus gracilis) Gills
Authors: Supriyati Hikmah , Apriliani Nurul Safitri , Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far
Published: April 2021

Mudskipper belongs to the Gobiidae family which has respiratory adaptation to fits their habitat. Mudskipper has a different gill structure or modification of gills, this different structure allows the mudskipper to survive for a long time outside water. This study aimed to determine the histology of gills and find out whether there is a modification of gills in the mudskipper respiratory organs (Periophthalmus gracilis). Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive. The results showed that there is no additional respiratory organ in the mudskipper respiration, whereas the gills have some modifications. The histological structure of mudskipper gills consists of gill arches, arteries, gill filament, primary lamellae, and secondary lamellae. The gills of mudskipper have a different structure from the general fish, which has a thick secondary lamellae with a low amount of density, the shape of the filament are short and bent. This gill structure is a form of adaptation to habitat and behavior to live outside the water in a relatively long time.
Histological Study of Respiratory Organ of Betta sp.
Authors: Apriliani Nurul Safitri , Supriyati Hikmah , Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far
Published: April 2021

Betta sp. is a freshwater ornamental fish which also known as a fighting fish. One of the fundamental organs to support fishes life is respiratory organ. Fighting fish is belongs to the suborder Anabantoidei which means labyrinth fishes group. The aim of the study was to know histology of the respiratory organs of Betta sp. Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The result showed that Betta sp. has a respiratory organ common fish i.e gills and additional respiratory organ structure namely labyrinth and pseudobranch that makes Betta sp can survive in a low volume of water. The gill is consists of gill arch, gill raker, gill fillament and gill lamellae. The labyrinth is consist of connective tissue and folded ephitelium. Pseudobranch according to some literature function as an additional respiratory. Functions attributed to the pseudobranch include; regulation of oxygen to the eyes, enzyme production for use in the gas bladder, osmoregulation, and many others.
Design of Motorcycle Security System Using Fsr (Force Sensitive Resistor) Sensor, Arduino Uno Microcontroller and Sim800L Module
Authors: Pratama Fitriyanto Andy , Rakhmadi Frida Agung
Published: April 2021

The background of this research was the crime of rampant cases seizure and motorcycle theft. The aims of this research were to characterize FSR sensor, to make and test of motorcycle security system using FSR sensor, arduino uno microcontroller and SIM800L module. This research was done through five stages: sensor characterization, software development, hardware  manufacture, system testing and data processing. The results of this research showed that FSR sensor has characterization of transfer function V=1.29 + 0.04M with r = 0.99 and repeatability equal to 99.34%. In addition, FSR sensor can detect human by ranging from 27.8 kg to 82.3 kg which is equivalent with voltage 2.55 volt to 4.55 volt. Meanwhile, the success rate of motorcycle security system in the process of sending notification was 98% and the success rate of system in taking command to turn on and turn off the motorcycle security system were 97% and 98%.
Calcification of Axial Skeleton and Segmentation Muscular Regeneration of Gecko’s Tail (Gekko Gecko Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Syarifah Azkiya Zahrotus , Luthfi Muhammad Ja’far , Khatimah Alfiatun Wa’is Khusnul , Rahmah Aulya Nidaur
Published: April 2021

Gecko is an animal that can carry out autotomy. Research on gecko tail autotomy has been carried out, but there are still few who research the axial skeleton that focuses on vertebrae caudales and segmentation muscular arranged, this is the background of this research. This research is expected to be data base further research and as a comparison between animals that can induce further autotomy. This study aims to determine the macrostructure and microstructure of axial axial gecko tail regenerates and determine the anatomical microstructure of muscular regeneration of gecko tail. The methods used were X-Ray, Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue, Paraffin method with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Mallory Triple Stain. The results showed that the color of the gecko tail regenerate was paler compared to the original tail. On observations using radiological rays and alizarin staining showed that the original tail wo uld look segmented and have a process. The original gecko tail is composed of bones, because it is red which shows perfectly calcified bone. While the gecko tail regenerate is composed of cartilage that is shaped like a long pipe glazed red because it has calcified. At the end of the tail there is also a blue color, this indicates that the gecko tail regenerate has not been completely calcified. Segmentation Muscular of the original gecko tail, when viewed longitudinally, indicates a segment that extends from one process to the skin and when viewed from the cross has only four muscle segments separated by the septum. While the gecko tail regenerate when viewed in a longitudinal manner there is no segment and when seen transversely there are 12 muscle segments seen. Muscles are composed of a collection of myotubes that form myotomes, each myotomes limited by myoseptum.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Plastic with Basic Materials of “Singkong Onggok” - Pectin Peel of “Jeruk Bali” (Citrus Maxima) – Plasticizer
Authors: Maghfiroh Laelatun , Hanum Kartini Fauziah , Sedyadi Endaruji , Nugraha Irwan , Nurlaili Fatchul Anam
Published: April 2021

Biodegradable plastic made from pectin pell of “jeruk bali” has been carried out. Pectin is obtained by extraction methods and for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics with hot-blending methods. The characteristics of the mechanical biodegradable plastics are determined  by  tensile  strength  and  elongation,  and  biodegradation  test  of  biodegradable  plastics.  The  results  of  manufacture biodegradable plastic with the addition of pectin 5g was the best result with a tensile strength value of 195.35 MPa, and an elongation value of around 15.73 - 33.40%. Plastics with the variation of sorbitol starch composition as much as 1.5 g with 1 ml sorbitol each having a tensile strength of 61.29 MPa and elongation value of 14.30%. Plastic with a variation of 1.5 ml sorb itol has a tensile strength value of 118.93 MPa and an elongation value of 16.73%. Plastic with a variation of 2 ml sorbitol has a tensile strength value of 79.67 MPa and an elongation value of 17.63%.
The Effect of Stocking Temperature on Biodegradable Plastic Characteristics of Suweg Tuber (Amorphophallus campanulatus) with Addition of Glycerol and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose)
Authors: Sari Layung , Sedyadi Endaruji , Nugraha Irwan , Krisdiyanto Didik
Published: April 2021

Research that uses Suweg tubers as the basic material for making biodegradable plastics has been carried out.. This research aims to determine the effect of stirring temperature on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic. Suweg tuber starch preparation is done as the manufacture of biodegradable plastic. Manufacture of biodegradable plastics made by mixing suweg tuber starch, glycerol, and acetic acid, as well as the CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). The manufacture of biodegradable plastic is carried out in two stages, namely stirring temperature variations (80⁰C, 85⁰C, 90⁰C, and 95⁰C) and the addition of CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose). Tests carried out include FTIR test, mechanical test and biodegradation test. FTIR test is carried out to determine the functional groups contained in plasticThe test of plastic mechanical properties was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of plastics, such as tensile strength, elongation, and thickness. Biodegradation tests are carried out on the ground to determine the level of plastic degradation while in the environment. The results showed that the effect of temperature affected the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic produced. Mechanical tests of stirring temperature variations with the addition of glycerol resulted in tensile strength, elongation, and thickness values of 80⁰C at 10.43 MPa; 2.08%; 85⁰C at 28.52 MPa; 1.60%, 90⁰C of 29.76 MPa; 2.18%, and 95⁰C of 32.49 MPa; 2.05%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found in temperature variations of 95⁰C, with a tensile strength of 32.49 MPa elongation 2.05%, and a thickness of 0.12 mm.. Mechanical properties test of temperature variation with the addition of glycerol and CMC resulted in the value of tensile strength, elongation, and temperature thickness of 80⁰C at 18.68 Mpa; 12.22%, 85⁰C equal to 14.69 MPa; 9.16%, 90⁰C of 16.71 MPa; 14.72%, 95⁰C of 13.94 MPa; 14.166%. These results can be seen that the largest biodegradable plastic tensile strength is found at 80⁰C temperature variations of 18.68 MPa, 12.22% elongation, 0.14 mm thickness. FTIR test, the biodegradable plastic produced, it is known that the plastic group produced is like CH, ester or ether. Plastic bio degradation test on soil, plastic with a temperature variation of 95⁰C has been degraded after 8 days, while plastic with the addition of CMC is degraded faster, for 7 days.
The Effect of Temperature Variation on the Yield Edible Film of Canna Starch (Canna edulis Kerr) Modified by Aloe Vera (Aloe vera L) with Addition of Purple Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Anthocyanin Pigment as Bioindicator
Authors: Nugraheni Meida Dwi , Wulansari Dwiarni Fitri , Sedyadi Endaruji , Nugraha Irwan , Arimartiwi Ika Nugraheni
Published: April 2021

Edible films are made from canna tuber starch, glycerol, aloe vera gel, and addition of purple cabbage extract (Brassica oleracea) aimed to determine the effect of temperature variation on the results of edible film synthesis and anthocyanin effectivenes s of purple cabbage as a pH indicator. The stages in this study include isolation of canna tuber starch, extraction of purple cabbage, making aloe vera gel, determination of anthocyanin extract proportions, synthesis of edible films with varied temperatures, and characterization of edible film results. Optimal composition of cabbage extract as a pH bio-indicator is used for synthesis of edible film with temperature variations between 75-90oC and elongation of 26.6% and WVTR value of 4.750 g/m2h at 85oC.
Identification of Domestic Liquid Waste Sanitation Conditions in an Effort the Improvement of Sanitation in Karanganyar
Authors: Indrastuti Nining , Ashadi Ashadi , Setyono Prabang , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: April 2021

Domestic liquid waste sanitation conditions in Karanganyar is the circumstances or description of the environment sewage from household activity results in particular black water located in Karanganyar. Identification purposes is to provide information about the condition of domestic waste sanitation in Karanganyar, which is necessary to address insecurity about sanitation. Karanganyar is a Regency which have abundant areas prone to sanitation. Karanganyar has 177 villages with poor sanitation conditions following six villages at risk is very high, 77 Villages at high risk, medium risk and the village of 54 40 Villages are less risky. Sanitary conditions are influenced by various factors, among others, the type of means of sanitation and the quantity of domestic waste generated per person in district at Karanganyar. Type of sanitation facility that is in the community's variegated Karanganyar Regency such as cubluk, jumbleng, septic latrines with goose neck and WC sit with septic tanks. Socio-economic conditions determine the type of selected community sanitation. According to the BPS, the number of poor households in Karanganyar of 5 rating is the largest Sub Gondangrejo, Mojogedang,  Jumapolo, Kebakkramat and Karanganyar. From the results of the sample population of 285 quisioner the respondent inhabitants in Karanganyar earned a percentage of population in a town is not served by sanitation more than 60% as follows Jenawi 94.1%, Karangpandan 78%, Jumapolo 75.1%, Karanganyar 70.8%, Jatiyoso 70%, Mojogedang 65.4%, Jumantono 63%, Kebakkramat 62.5% dan Ngargoyoso 61.2%. The results of the identification that Kecamatan prone concluded that sanitation, thus requiring handling domestic waste processing to improve sanitation in Karanganyar Regency. The selected processing system and is expected to effectively, efficiently and in accordance with the socio-economic conditions of society as well as the sustainable.
The Development of Diseases Identification System in Paddy Plant Using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Wenda Alex , Miefthawati Nanda Putri , Zein Mas’ud
Published: April 2021

There are three types of paddy leaf disease that have similar symptoms, making it difficult for farmers to identify them, namely Blast Disease, Brown-Spot Disease, and Narrow Brown-Spot Disease. This paper aims to develop an application to identify paddy leaf disease automatically. Several important aspects of the development of software engineering such as usability, interactivity, and simplicity have been considered. Image processing techniques, namely Blobs analysis and color segmentation are used to get the characteristics of diseased leaf; these characteristics are then used to identify the type of diseases using a rule-based expert system. The results obtained indicate that the developed system recognition capability is considered satisfactory with an accuracy of 94.7%.
Islamic Character in Science Learning for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students in the 4.0 Industrial Revolution Era
Authors: Haqiqi Arghob Khofya , Albar Wakhid Fitri
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to analyze and describe the development of science learning characterized by Islam for students of Islamic elementary schools in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. The existence of technological developments today leads to changes in social development. This certainly also has an impact on the character development of children, especially those at the elementary school or Islamic elementary school level. Science learning is one of learning in Islamic elementary schools, which is not only required to follow the development of these technologies but also cannot be separated from the Islamic character as a characteristic of madrasah. The research method used was literacy studies by collecting existing data from journal studies, books and other sources relevant to the problem. From the results of the study, it was found that science learning at the level of Islamic elementary schools must be in Islamic character and should follow the development of the present and existing technology. It is suggested to improve the curriculum and the science teachers’ ways of teaching based on the current technology.
The Implementation of Recursive Algorithm to Determine the Determinant of n x n Matrix Using Cofactor Expansion
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Rahardyanto Seto , Hardjita Pahlevi Wahyu
Published: April 2021

This research examines the algorithm to determine the Determinant of n x n matrix using cofactor expansion and the implementation using recursive algorithm. Random function is added as an option to generate large matrix. To identified singular matrix and to avoid unnecessary further process, the algorithm searches for rows that are multiples of integer from another row, or columns that are multiples of integer from another column, then returns 0 as a Determinant value. In order to minimize the number of iterations and computations, the algorithm searches for rows or columns having the highest number of zero elements to be expanded. The program will not expand zero element and immediately returns a value of zero for those cofactor. Finally the program calculates the number of iterations performed each time the cofactor expands to calculate the Determinant of 2 x 2 matrix.In conclusion, the data shows that the use of recursice algorithm to iteratively expand cofactor considering the row and column having highest number of zero, will reduce the number of iteration and computation.
Multimeter Measuring Tool Application as Alternative Method of Resistance Characteristics Discern Between the Sauce brand "abc" Sauce with brand "dena"
Authors: Nurrohmah Salisa , Rahmah Gebrina , Rakhmadi Frida Agung
Published: April 2021

The sauce is an ingredient in cooking or food complement. The materials used is chili or tomato sauce. Use of the basic ingredients in the sauce affect the physical quantities of the dressing. One of the physical quantities that can be measured is resistance. Resistance can be defined as the amount that inhibits electrical current. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance characteristics of materials ABC sauce and dressing materials Dena. Different from the base material, the resistance value will be different sauces. By using Analog Multimeter and perform measurements five times, found a resistance value of (4.6; 4.6; 4.8; 4.8; and 4.7) Ω for ABC dressing material and material obtained resistance value Dena sauce by (4.3; 4.4; 4.4; 4.3; and 4.5) Ω with th e volume of each sauce is ± 10ml.
Android-Based Learning Media Development on Fraction Material
Authors: Manazila Sufah Iliya , Supriyati Hikmah
Published: April 2021

This research aims to find out how to Android-based learning media develop on fraction material, and find out the quality of products that have been developed. This study uses 4D development methods, namely, (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination). Data collection uses validation and student response methods which are then analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study are in the form of Android-based learning media with the APK extension. Validation test shows that the android-based learning media development on fractions material, theoreticaly is 86.23% (Category: Very Good) and empirically with a percentage of 86.67% (Category: Very Good).
The Verb Form Analysis of Arabic Words Using Depth First Search (DFS) Algorithm
Authors: Salim Sulaiman Musthofa , Yazid Ahmad Subhan
Published: April 2021

Arabic is one of the international languages and the language of the Qur'an widely used in Islam. Learning basic Arabic is important because the language is the foundation of learning Islam. The fault in determining the verb form will relate to wrong meaning. Overcoming the problem, Shorof is a part of the linguistic arabic used to determine the form and utility of a word. Shorof Praktis Krapyak is one of the shorof books that has been widely used by students in Indonesia because of its reliability and simplicity in recognizing the form of Arabic words. The research was conducted to build a system to determine the Arabic verb forms and their utilities by implementing the Depth First Search (DFS) algorithm. DFS is a blind search algorithm in the artificial intelligent discussion that represents a problem into states, generates them systematically and tests them until a goal state is found. Rules made in recognizing the verb form refer to the Shorof Praktis Krapyak which the system is implemented in an Android application. The test results showed that the system can recognize 100 word samples with 100% accuracy. In functionality, all of 30 respondents said that test results stated that the system can run properly. The usability test of the system stated that 55.0% of respondents strongly agreed, 41.6% are agreed and 3.3% choose neutral that this system can help them to recognize and analyze the verb forms in Arabic words.
Resolution Enhanced of GRBR Observation-Based Ionospheric Tomography in Indonesia
Authors: Manik Timbul , Purwono Adi , Lathif Musthofa , Batubara Mario , Yamamoto Mamoru
Published: April 2021

An ionospheric tomography reconstruction using Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) method has been successfully carried out recently. Data utilized on this work was a campaign-based Gnu-Radio Beacon Receiver (GRBR) observation in West Java during 8-10 November 2016 and 25-29 September 2017 data. Grid resolution of the tomography previously had been increased in the in the latitudinal (0.5o horizontal direction) and altitude (~25 km in vertical direction) scales. Although the quality of the tomography has also met a compatibility level through the correlation analysis (e.g. 85% of correlation coefficient), the computation result should be improved in order to get the best value of bias frequency (i.e. < 1 MHz). Through this opportunity, the result of the tomography within the grid resolution of 0.5o and ~25 km for the latitude and altitude respectively is presented.
“This” and “Such” in the Receptacle Passage of Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi
Published: April 2021

One short passage on what is called the Receptacle in Plato’s Timaeus (49c–50a) has been the subject of much controversy since Cherniss presented an alternative reading of it in 1954. In this paper, I criticize an influential argument presented by Zeyl for a traditional reading, and propose a new interpretation which adopts the alternative reading on important sentences of the passage, but is not accompanied by the defects of Cherniss’ interpretation.
Reliability of Regulating Artificial Intelligence to Restrain Cartelization: A Libertarian Approach
Authors: Pedram Matin
Published: April 2021

Competition is building block of any successful economy, while a cartelized economy is against the common good of society. Nowadays, developing artificial intelligence (AI) and its plausibility to foster cartels persuade governments to revitalize their interference in the market and implement new regulations to tackle AI implications. In this sense, as pooling of technologies might enable cartels to impose high prices and violate consumers’ rights, it should be restricted. By contrast, in the libertarian approach, cartels’ impacts are defined by government interference in the market. Accordingly, it is irrational to rely on a monopolized power called government to equilibrate a cartelized market. This article discusses that AI is a part of the market process that should be respected, and a restrictive or protective approach such as the U.S. government Executive Order 13859 is not in line with libertarian thought and can be a ladder to escalate the cartelistic behaviors.
Prescribed mean curvature equation on torus
Authors: Tsukamoto Yuki
Published: April 2021

Prescribed mean curvature problems on the torus have been considered in one dimension.
In this paper, we prove the existence of a graph on the n-dimensional torus

𝕋
n

{\mathbb{T}^{n}}

,
the mean curvature vector of which equals the normal component
of a given vector field satisfying suitable conditions for a Sobolev norm,
the integrated value, and monotonicity.
Protecting Lives and Livelihoods with Early and Tight Lockdowns
Authors: Caselli Francesca , Grigoli Francesco , Sandri Damiano
Published: April 2021

Using high-frequency proxies for economic activity over a large sample of countries, we show that the economic crisis during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic was only partly due to government lockdowns. Economic activity also contracted severely because of voluntary social distancing in response to higher infections. Furthermore, we show that lockdowns substantially reduced COVID-19 cases, especially if they were introduced early in a country’s epidemic. This implies that, despite involving short-term economic costs, lockdowns may pave the way to a faster recovery by containing the spread of the virus and reducing voluntary social distancing. Finally, we document that lockdowns entail decreasing marginal economic costs but increasing marginal benefits in reducing infections. This suggests that tight short-lived lockdowns are preferable to mild prolonged measures.
Phase equilibria modeling of biorefinery-related systems: a systematic review
Authors: Corazza Marcos L. , Trancoso Julia
Published: April 2021

The search for sustainable ideas has gained prominence in recent decades at all levels of society since it has become imperative an economic, social, and environmental development in an integrated manner. In this context, biorefineries are currently present as the technology that best covers all these parameters, as they add the benefits of waste reuse, energy cogeneration, and fossil fuel substitution. Thus, the study of the various applicable biological matrices and exploring the technical capabilities of these processes become highly attractive. Thermodynamic modeling acts in this scenario as a fundamental tool for phase behavior predictions in process modeling, design, and optimization. Thus, this work aimed to systematize, using the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews, the information published between 2010 and 2020 on phase equilibria modeling in systems related to biorefineries to organize what is already known about the subject. As a result, 236 papers were categorized in terms of the year, country, type of phase equilibria, and thermodynamic model used. Also, the phase behavior predictions of different thermodynamic models under the same process conditions were qualitatively compared, establishing PC-SAFT as the model that best represents the great diversity of interest systems for biorefineries in a wide range of conditions.
Motivic decompositions for the Hilbert scheme of points of a K3 surface
Authors: Neguţ Andrei , Oberdieck Georg , Yin Qizheng
Published: April 2021

We construct an explicit, multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition for the Hilbert scheme of points of a K3 surface. We further refine this decomposition with respect to the action of the Looijenga–Lunts–Verbitsky Lie algebra.
Die analytisch-hermeneutische Methode
Authors: Zehnpfennig Barbara
Published: April 2021

All understanding is dependent on interpretation. The hermeneutic tradition reflects the possibilities and problems associated with this. The analytical-hermeneutic method presented here draws partly on this tradition. It attempts to rationalise and objectify the process of interpretation. The analytical aspect of the method has the purpose of logically and rationally aligning and verifying the understanding of meaning (“Sinn-Verstehen”) of the hermeneutical part. After interpretation, when the question of truth is tobe posed to the text, it is relevant once more. An indispensable basis for the successful application of the method, however, is the interpreter’s willingness to engage with the text without reservation and not to make himself or herself the criterion of interpretation. Seen in this light, understanding is a form of self-transcendence – a transgression of the ego, which transforms itself in the understanding of the other and the examination of its own thinking.
Algorithmisches Entscheiden, Ambiguitätstoleranz und die Frage nach dem Sinn
Authors: Herzog Lisa
Published: April 2021

In more and more contexts, human decision-making is replaced by algorithmic decision-making. While promising to deliver efficient and objective decisions, algorithmic decision systems have specific weaknesses, some of which are particularly dangerous if data are collected and processed by profit-oriented companies. In this paper, I focus on two problems that are at the root of the logic of algorithmic decision-making: (1) (in)tolerance for ambiguity, and (2) instantiations of Campbell’s law, i. e. of indicators that are used for “social decision-making” being subject to “corruption pressures” and tending to “distort and corrupt” the underlying social processes. As a result, algorithmic decision-making can risk missing the point of the social practice in question. These problems are intertwined with problems of structural injustice; hence, if algorithms are to deliver on their promises of efficiency and objectivity, accountability and critical scrutiny are needed.
Windelbands Weg zum Neu-Hegelianismus und die Aufgabe der Erneuerung einer Philosophie
Authors: Bonifaci Jacinto Páez
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the transformation of Windelband’s Neo-Kantian program into a variety of Neo-Hegelianism. The paper shows that, for Windelband, the rehabilitation of philosophy in terms of a theory of knowledge is insufficient in the face of the pervasive crisis-consciousness of 19th-century philosophy. By Windelband’s account, the overcoming of this crisis requires the appropriation of distinctive Hegelian themes and a new understanding of the role of history in philosophical reflection. Based on this exposition, the final section of the paper advances an interpretation on the meaning and conditions for the renewal of philosophy.
Rückblick eines Autors
Authors: Habermas Jürgen
Published: April 2021

This essay is a reflection on what I hoped to achieve with a project that was in the making for more than ten years. The account probably illustrates the aims that I believe I should have pursued in the project looking back upon it today rather than what I actually achieved within it; in any case, what one has actually written is only revealed after the fact from the critical responses of attentive and sensitive readers.
Säkulare Vernunft?
Authors: Honneth Axel
Published: April 2021

In my contribution I ask whether the version of secular reason Jürgen Habermas characterises as “post-metaphysical” can really provide us children of modernity with a comprehensive self- and world-understanding. I begin by asking what it means to claim that secular reason is “post-metaphysical” (1). There are various possible ways of understanding this characterisation, some stronger than others; but there needs to be clarity on this issue to address my second question: What would secular reason really have to achieve in order to make good on its claim that it can still provide us with a comprehensive understanding of our relation both to ourselves and to the world? I will split this question along two dimensions: from a theoretical standpoint we should explore how reality has to be understood in order to allow us to attain a consistent understanding of self and world; from a practical standpoint, we need to ask which attitudes we would actually have to adopt towards reality in order to find in it the kind of orientation that Habermas believes his version of secular reason holds in store (2). In a third step, I follow up on these practical considerations by asking whether, at the level of everyday praxis, an orienting conception of self and world in this day and age does not in fact demand more than Habermas seems to have in mind (3). Finally, and returning, albeit indirectly, to the meaning of “post-metaphysical”, I cast some doubt on the Habermasian thesis that secular reason can survive only in the form of a tradition that reaches back either to Kant or to Hume; I want to question whether this division is exhaustive and briefly bring a third alternative into play (4).