bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farmers, the Police Force, and the Authorities: The “Calvatone (1911) Hoard” as Seen Through Archival Records (Cremona – Italy)
Authors: Crisà Antonino
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a new set of archival records from Rome on the discovery of a Roman Republican denarii hoard, found by the brothers Birsilio and Luigi Simonazzi on their lands at Calvatone (Cremona, Italy, 1911). Local police forces seized the hoard and alerted the Coin Cabinet of Brera in Milan, where the numismatist Serafino Ricci (1867–1943) evaluated and finally acquired selected coins to increase the museum collections. The “Calvatone (1911) hoard” is an essential case study in the history of Italian numismatic collections, museum studies, and archaeology. These records are particularly worth studying for two main reasons. They show how local and regional authorities dealt with casual archaeological discoveries in northern Italy during the post-Unification period (1861–1918). They also help us to better understand how the Italian government acted to safeguard antiquities according to contemporary law, and how the state collections could be increased by judicial seizures and fresh acquisitions.
Coins from the Streets of Racibórz
Authors: Milejski Paweł
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to present numismatic collections from the Museum in Racibórz which have been found at municipal sites during supervision and regular archaeological excavations. This will allow us to observe which coins have come to Racibórz (germ. Ratibor) and (Upper) Silesia over the centuries. The analysed coins will be compared with finds obtained during excavations in other cities in Upper Silesia – Gliwice (germ. Gleiwitz) (the market square and St. George’s Church in Czechowice (germ. Schechowitz)) and Bytom (germ. Beuthen) (St. Margaret’s Hill) – and in the main centre in Lower Silesia, Wrocław (germ. Breslau) (Nowy Targ Square and St. Elizabeth’s Church). The study includes 76 coins acquired in the years 1979–2015 on 12 sites located within the borders of the city of Racibórz. This number includes the hoard of 17 Prague groschen of Wenceslas II, 56 single finds and three coin-like objects. In addition, two metal objects were included in the study which were discovered near the castle in the district of Racibórz – Ostróg. Both objects are difficult to identify, initially defined as a ring eye and a weight (monetary or merchant). The entire collection is dominated by Bohemian coins, including Prague groschen, parvus and white pennies. Silesian coins are the second largest group – three wide bracteates (unfortunately without provenance), a very rare Opava heller of Přemek I (1377–1433) and two groeschels of Ferdinand II (1617–1637). Moreover, two rare pennies of Sigismund III (1587–1632) struck in Poznań mint were found, which usually give way to pennies and ternarius struck in Łobżenica mint, which were not recorded in the collection from Racibórz. Considering all the coins in chronological terms, the dominant coins are late medieval ones – from the second half of the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century. The second concentration of Racibórz finds is from the 18th–20th century. A comparative analysis of coins discovered in Racibórz, Gliwice and Bytom and the hoard of Prague groschen from Błażejowice (germ. Blaschowitz) confirms the hypothesis of Borys Paszkiewicz that it was through Upper Silesia that Bohemian coins reached the territory of present day Poland. As a result, there is a significant number of small Bohemian coins in this area, with a smaller number to be found deeper within Poland.
Review of Thomas Faucher, Andrew Meadows and Catherine Lorber, Egyptian Hoards I. The Ptolemies, Bibliothèque d’Étude 168, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Le Caire 2017, 579 pages, 236 plates, ISSN 0259-3823; ISBN 978-2-7247-0689-5
Authors: Bodzek Jarosław
Published: May 2021

Review of Thomas Faucher, Andrew Meadows and Catherine Lorber, Egyptian Hoards I. The Ptolemies, Bibliothèque d’Étude 168, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Le Caire 2017.
Kronika Gabinetu Numizmatycznego Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie (2019) / The Chronicle of the Numismatic Cabinet of the National Museum in Krakow (2019)
Authors: Woźniak Mateusz
Published: May 2021

The text presents activity of the staff of the Numismatic Cabinet of the National Museum in Kraków in 2019. The information about scientific, editorial, popularizing and exhibition activities is included. There is also presented data about newest acquisitions. The chronicle is bilingual – Polish and English.
Trade ethics in the light of the Al- Qur’an and Sunnah
Authors: Md. Helal Uddin
Published: May 2021

Allah (SWT) says: And do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly or send it (in bribery) to the rulers in order that (they might aid) you (to) consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know (it is unlawful). Islamic ethics rests largely on its conception of man in relation to Allah (SWT), his own self and the universe and is growing fast among the academicians, producers, consumers, workers, governments as well as the general public. Any trade which functions in brazen disregard to ethical or moral considerations may cause immense harm to the society and be extremely exploitative. The practice of offering bribes to prospective customers, misleading advertisement, sales of spurious and adulterated goods, hoarding and market manipulation at the expense of the consumer, in particular and the society, in general, provide only a few examples. Contrary to it, Islam offers a unique and ideal perspective of trade ethics. It considers trade as a part of one’s worship, provided that it is conducted in accordance with the commands of Allah (SWT) and the moral code of conduct prescribed by Islam.
Nationalism in the Muslim World and the Identity Crisis: A Sociological Perspective
Authors: Jakir Al Faruki
Published: May 2021

Nationalism is a core phenomenon in the modern political world on which the state is established and functioned, at least most of the stakeholders argued. In the contemporary Muslim world, the sociopolitical concept comes to the Muslim youths as the most influential as well as vague ideological term in the political sphere. Sometime they confused with explaining the idea especially, comparing with Islamic interpretation of nationhood and nationality. This article investigates the prevailing condition of the explanation about the concept in the Muslim world and makes an effort to analyze it with the sociopolitical ground reality in the globally communicated growing young generation. In addition to this it undertakes an effort to clarify ambiguous understanding about the concept in Islam, sometimes which placed to encounter Islam as global sociopolitical phenomena. It is entirely an academic analysis of the concept considering current global perspective of the Muslim community.
Performing Blackness under Roman Occupation: Embodied Resistance and the Empire (A Thinking Essay)
Authors: McMillan Christopher-Rasheem
Published: May 2021

This thinking essay considers the embodied connection between citizenship, belonging, and race in both the ancient and contemporary world. It weaves together theology, critical race studies, and classical studies to ask what vulnerable bodies in antiquity might tell us about our contemporary moment. In this essay, Christopher-Rasheem McMillan argues that the black body in contemporary North America is akin to noncitizen bodies during the Roman Empire and that the United States functions as an empire. For the purposes of this thinking essay, the contemporary police officer performs the function of a Roman soldier, with a primary purpose of defending, protecting, and expanding the empire. McMillan proposes and seeks to answer the question: How do black bodies testify and thrive under “Roman” occupation?
“Harmony in Diversity”: A Compartmentalist Approach to the Three Teachings in Mulianxi
Authors: Zhao Xiaohuan
Published: May 2021

This essay has two subjects: the “unity of the Three Teachings” (sanjiao heyi), which is often described as most characteristic of the Chinese religious system; and Mulian drama or Mulianxi, which is the oldest Chinese ritual drama that has been staged for more than nine hundred years since its first recorded performance in the Song dynasty (960–1279). The first concerns questions whether the Three Teachings (Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism) were syncretized into a unitary belief system in premodern China, and the second whether Mulianxi is a syncretic product of the Three Teachings.
Traces: Reflections on Practice and Pan(dem)ic in the First Wave
Authors: Danowski Christopher
Published: May 2021

Pandemic reflections on David Bowie and Jimi Hendrix, Zapatismo and Palo.
Contemplation, Creativity, Compassion: Art for Social Change on Ignatian Lines
Authors: Ehn Erik T.
Published: May 2021

Erik T. Ehn reflects on and argues on behalf of the imbrication of contemplation, creativity, and compassionate social change, in light of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius.
“Judaism as”
Authors: Hoffman Lawrence A.
Published: May 2021

Judaism has been defined as many things: “religion,” “culture,” “ethnicity,” “race,” “nation,” and (for Mordecai Kaplan) “civilization.” Each definition, including Kaplan’s, poses ethical challenges by positing explicitly (or implicitly) a hierarchical ordering where Judaism is “religiously true,” “culturally advanced,” or otherwise “better than” other religions. This article therefore suggests reconceiving Judaism as a “conversation,” a more expansive term with no ethical hierarchy, and (as it happens) fully congruent with human nature, in that human beings are not so much “rational creatures” (Aristotle), “religious creatures” (Eliade), or “working creatures” (Marx), as they are “conversational creatures.” It further introduces the concept “cultural caricature” to project ultimate ethical outcomes of the various definitions (e.g., the caricature of “ethnicity” is “ethnic cleansing”). The caricature of “conversation” is a Museum of the Human Condition, where each religious tradition gets its own room and where religious adherents meet in the corridors to converse together—what we nowadays call interfaith dialogue.
“At Many Times and in Various Ways”: Hebrews and the Hermeneutics of Exposition
Authors: Starling David I.
Published: May 2021

A crucial hermeneutical issue for expository preaching is the relationship between the responsibility to teach the text (giving due acknowledgment to the “many” and “various” ways in which God spoke through the authors of Scripture) and the commission to preach Christ (who is “the same yesterday and today and forever”). In this article I explore the dynamics of that relationship through a series of case studies in the hermeneutical practices of the writer to the Hebrews. Within the larger hermeneutical framework established by the letter’s opening verses, I examine the various ways in which Scripture is quoted, echoed, explained, and applied in Hebrews 2:5–3:6, 3:7–4:13, and 12:1–13. What emerges from the study is not a single, inflexible rule but a warrant for the kind of expository preaching that is sensitive to the particularities of the biblical text (in both its content and its illocutionary force), cognisant of the circumstances of the hearers, and directed toward the goal of encouraging God’s people to hear and respond to the unchanging word spoken by God in his Son.
n. 19 - BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E CURRÍCULO DA CIDADE: ALINHAMENTO TOTAL
Authors: Bonetto Pedro Xavier Russo
Published: May 2021

O artigo em questão analisa o documento curricular do município de São Paulo, denominado Currículo da Cidade e compara-o com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. O método empreendido foi a análise de discurso em sua perspectiva foucaultiana. Assim, as análises indicam que os discursos dos documentos estão absolutamente alinhados, quando não, iguais. Os textos compartilham da mesma concepção de Educação Física, aprendizagem, conhecimento e desenvolvimento humano. Além disso, os documentos são produzidos no mesmo contexto social, ambos contaram com pouca participação efetiva dos professores e ilustram uma concepção de Educação Física tecnicista e acrítica.
Entrevista com Prof. Dr. Ana Barcelos
Authors: Barcelos Ana Maria Ferreira , Melo-Pfeifer Sílvia , Ruano Bruna Pupatto , Del Olmo Francisco Calvo , Friedrich Tatyana Sheila
Published: May 2021

Ana Barcelos, Professora Titular de Lingua Inglesa e Linguística Aplicada, do Departamento de Letras da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, tem implementado, com regularidade e sistematicidade, métodos visuais, não só na sua investigação, como também na formação de professores e de jovens investigadores em contexto brasileiro. As editoras do dossiê temático conversaram com a investigadora acerca das suas práticas e da influência dos métodos visuais no desenvolvimento profissional do (futuro) professor de línguas.
Apresentação: Métodos visuais na investigação com públicos plurilíngues - Visões multidisciplinares
Authors: Melo-Pfeifer Sílvia , Friedrich Tatyana Sheila , Ruano Bruna Pupatto , Del Olmo Francisco Calvo
Published: May 2021

Apresentação do dossiê especial "Métodos visuais na investigação com públicos plurilíngues".
A Unique Mode of Failure in the Noncontact Bridging Periprosthetic Plating System
Authors: Stockwell Erin , Mormino Matthew A. , Siebler Justin C.
Published: May 2021

Although lateral locking plates are often a preferred and successful fixation construct for the treatment of periprosthetic proximal and distal femur fractures, specific complications and modes of failure have been associated and well-described with their use. We present two cases of implant failure in the Non-Contact Bridge Periprosthetic Plating System (Zimmer Biomet) in which a nonlocked screw fretted through the annular seating of the plate. One case demonstrates failure in the setting of a proximal femur periprosthetic fracture, whereas the other demonstrates failure in the setting of a distal femur periprosthetic fracture. This unique mode of failure has not previously been reported in the literature.
Total Knee Arthroplasty With Megaprosthesis for Idiopathic Charcot Knee
Authors: Alshaygy Ibrahim , Alzahim Mohammed , Alhamdan Hend , Aljassir Fawzi
Published: May 2021

Charcot knee is a rare condition with few reported cases in the literature. Although the clinical presentation is highly variable, Charcot knee classically presents with painful arthropathy in addition to instability and decreased range of motion. Herein, we describe the case of a 72-year-old man with idiopathic Charcot knee. The diagnosis was established on the basis of history of neuropathic arthropathy of the knee, supported by knee radiographs and the exclusion of all known etiologies of Charcot knee. Because of a highly destructed knee joint, the patient underwent a total knee arthroplasty using the Global Modular Replacement System proximal tibial prosthesis. The surgery was done without any major complications, resulting in symptomatic and functional improvements.
Understanding the Social Studies Curricula in Turkey as a Political Text Within the Context of Citizenship Education: Views of Academics and Teachers
Authors: Şiraz Fadıl , Bay Erdal
Published: May 2021

This study attempted to understand the curricula in conveying the state’s own understanding to individuals, according to the reconceptualization approach. As content, the social studies curricula (SSC), with the assumption that political influence would be seen most in these curricula, were examined. This study aims understanding the social studies curricula as a political text within the context of citizenship education in order to see how politics affect these curricula. To determine what political factors affected SSCs in which way, the opinions of academics and teachers were examined regarding curricula from 1998, 2005 and 2018, prepared during different government periods in Turkey. It was tried to determine how the changes in SSCs were defined in political/non-political dimensions, explanation and definition, the criticism, reasons and recommendation regarding these changes. This study was designed as a case study, one of the qualitative methods. Data analysis was done by content analysis method. It was determined that the changes in social studies curricula in 1998, 2005 and 2018 were affected by different political reasons and that there were some prominent ideological elements in all 3 curricula. As a result, it was determined that political effect on SSCs prepared in different government periods and can be seen radical changes were made in terms of curriculum structure and content from 1998 to 2005 and that the SSC of 2018 is similar to that of 2005 in terms of structure.
Workability and Well-Being at Work Among Cut-To-Length Forest Machine Operators
Authors: Kymäläinen Heli , Laitila Juha , Väätäinen Kari , Malinen Jukka
Published: May 2021

This study assessed the situation of Finnish cut-to-length (CTL) machine operators’ work well-being with workability index (WAI), investigated CTL machine operators’ lifestyle habits, and collected operators’ good practices to maintain and promote well-being and vitality at work. A questionnaire was conducted in electronic form, including questions concerning background information, work environment, work organisation, well-being at work and free time, and workability index. Mean WAI among respondents was 42.2 points (max. 49) falling into the rank »good«, while the current workability compared with the lifetime best was 8.2 (range 0–10). WAI was strongly impacted by age (p<0.000), the score declined during ageing, and standard deviation grew. The results were in line with previous WAI studies. Statistic differences were found between youngest age group (age≤25) versus all others. Compared to other studies and occupational groups, CTL machine operators’ WAI was average. Operators revered independent nature of work and forest as a working environment, thus promoting and maintaining well-being at work. Furthermore, breaks during work shift, with or without physical exercise, was recognised to ensure and retain vitality and concentration at work.
INEQUALITIES SIMILAR TO THE INTEGRAL ANALOGUE OF HILBERT'S INEQUALITY
Authors: PACHPATTE B. G.
Published: May 2021

In the present paper we establish some new inequalities similar to the integral ana­logue of Hilbert's inequality by using a fairly elementary analysis.
SOME REMARKS ON MILOVANOVIC-PECARIC INEQUALITY AND APPLICAITONS FOR SPECIAL MEANS AND NUMERLCAL INTEGRATIONS
Authors: DRAGOMIR S. S. , CHO Y. J. , KIM S. S.
Published: May 2021

In this paper,we shall give some applications of the Milovanovic-Pecaric inequality for special means in numerical integrations and prove some new inequalities of the Milovanovic­ Pecaric type in which the bound will be expressed in terms of the first derivatives.
"Vladimir Mayakovsky" and Other Poems by Vladimir Mayakovsky, translated by James Womack
Authors: Morse Ainsley
Published: May 2021

Vladimir Mayakovsky. “Vladimir Mayakovsky” and Other Poems. Translated by James Womack. Manchester: Fyfield/Carcanet, 2016. 239 pages.
Preface
Authors: Rennert Hal , Shoaf Judy
Published: May 2021

Editors' preface to issue 36-1 of Delos
"Being in the Mind of a Teenager"
Authors: Santovetti Olivia
Published: May 2021

A brief commentary on Elena Ferrante's novel, The Lying Life of Adults, followed by an interview with the translator Ann Goldstein.
Five Poems from "Monte Abraão”
Authors: Belo Ruy , Levitin Alexis
Published: May 2021

Poems by the twentieth-century Portuguese poet Ruy Belo. Translated from Portuguese by Alexis Levitin.
Seven Poems from "Tetramorph"
Authors: Chirinos Eduardo , Racz G. J.
Published: May 2021

Poems by the Peruvian poet Eduardo Chirinos from his book, Tetramorfos. Translated from Spanish by G. J. Racz.
A Modern Song and its Occitan Echoes
Authors: Pfeffer Wendy
Published: May 2021

Translation of a modern song by Canadian Stephen Hatfield into modern Occitan.
Representing Translation: The Representation of Translation and Translators in Contemporary Media edited by Dror Abend-David
Authors: Tyulenev Sergey
Published: May 2021

Review of Representing Translation: The Representationof Translation and Translators in Contemporary Media edited by Dror Abend-David
Einführung in die Religionsethnologie
Authors: Schmidt Bettina E.
Published: May 2021

Why do we believe or not? What do believers practice and why? Why do some beliefs survive and others do not? At the center of religious ethnology is the occupation with foreign belief systems, with worldviews, myths, religious practices and ideas of salvation. Religious ethnology examines what people believe and what they practice every day, whether they live in remote islands or in a metropolis. Religion is part of culture and society and always interwoven with questions about identity, social justice and equality.
Migration aus Eritrea
Authors: Treiber Magnus
Published: May 2021

Emigration from Eritrea has become a mass phenomenon. The route leads through Ethiopia or Sudan and often to Europe or North America. In his book Magnus Treiber describes emigration as a learning process in which the migrants adopt both legal and illegal strategies. Hundreds of thousands have left Eritrea since the suppression of the democracy movement in 2001 and embarked on a long journey into the unknown. Migrants often feel compelled to avoid formalities, because residence permits or entry visas are not easily issued. The book explains which legal and illegal strategies migrants use on their way. The hope for a better life elsewhere thus leads to a special culture of migration, which is characterized by extreme stress, feelings of uncertainty and social tension.
Wann ist Mode?
Authors: Loschek Ingrid
Published: May 2021

When does fashion emerge? How is fashion perceived, when is it accepted or rejected? Which structures and strategies are the basis of fashionable innovations? Fashion is not self-explanatory. Fashion is what a community or group of society has agreed on. It is a personal aesthetic feeling in the collective. Ingrid Loschek provides information, clearly and competently. She analyzes the aesthetic premises, the performative impulses, the social qualities and the economic conditions of fashion and makes them generally understandable.
Architektur
Authors: Helten Leonhard
Published: May 2021

The model of a Greek temple or the high-rise building of the Daimler-Benz group in Berlin – Leonhard Helten provides a basic understanding of tectonic problems. How do construction forms and types come about? What are the functions of triforium, pillar, ribbed vault or arch crown? The volume is aimed at anyone interested in architecture and gives a compact introduction to the field. At the same time, it is a helpful reference book for libraries and schools.
Health Beneficial Effects of Cucumber
Authors: Chakraborty Shampa , Rayalu Sadhana
Published: May 2021

Cucumber is a healthy fruit which having lots of benefits. Cucumber regulates hydration and maintain adequate blood pressure and sugar, soothes skin, helped in digestion and reduces fat and help to weight loss. Cucumber contains a plenty of potassium, fiber, magnesium, manganese and vitamin A, C, K. Cucumber has several health beneficial activities such as antimicrobial properties, hydrating and detoxification, help in digestion and weight loss, preventing cancer and other fragile bone disease. In this book chapter we have discussed about the health beneficial activities of cucumber along with its different contents.
Data Clustering for Fuzzyfier Value Derivation
Authors: Cho JaeHyuk
Published: May 2021

The fuzzifier value m is improving significant factor for achieving the accuracy of data. Therefore, in this chapter, various clustering method is introduced with the definition of important values for clustering. To adaptively calculate the appropriate purge value of the gap type −2 fuzzy c-means, two fuzzy values m1 and m2 are provided by extracting information from individual data points using a histogram scheme. Most of the clustering in this chapter automatically obtains determination of m1 and m2 values that depended on existent repeated experiments. Also, in order to increase efficiency on deriving valid fuzzifier value, we introduce the Interval type-2 possibilistic fuzzy C-means (IT2PFCM), as one of advanced fuzzy clustering method to classify a fixed pattern. In Efficient IT2PFCM method, proper fuzzifier values for each data is obtained from an algorithm including histogram analysis and Gaussian Curve Fitting method. Using the extracted information form fuzzifier values, two modified fuzzifier value m1 and m2 are determined. These updated fuzzifier values are used to calculated the new membership values. Determining these updated values improve not only the clustering accuracy rate of the measured sensor data, but also can be used without additional procedure such as data labeling. It is also efficient at monitoring numerous sensors, managing and verifying sensor data obtained in real time such as smart cities.
Optimal Trajectory Generation of Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Choubey Chandan , Ohri Jyoti
Published: May 2021

In this paper we have designed an optimal trajectory generation (OTG) method to generate easy and errortless continuous path motion with quick converging by using Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) method. This OTG method finds the trajectory path with minimum tracking-error, combined speed, joint increasing speed wrinkle as well as joint lurching move to follow a smooth along with error-free continuous path.
Energy and Economic Comparison of Different Fuels in Cement Production
Authors: M. Fadayini Oluwafemi , Madu Clement , T. Oshin Taiwo , A. Obisanya Adekunle , O. Ajiboye Gloria , O. Ipaye Tajudeen , O. Rabiu Taiwo , T. Akintola Joseph , J. Ajayi Shola , A. Kingsley Nkechi
Published: May 2021

Cement clinkerisation is the major energy-consuming process in cement manufacturing due to the high-temperature requirement. In this paper, energy data including specific energy consumption, forms, and types of energy used at different units of cement manufacturing processes were analyzed and compared for effectiveness, availability, cost, environmental, and health impact. Data from three different cement industries in Nigeria labeled as A, B, and C were used for the analysis in this study. The results of this research work established that coal is the cheapest energy source but environmental issues exonerate it from being the choice energy source. LPFO and Natural gas give better production output while minimizing pollution and health issues. When benchmarked against each other, Factory B was found to be the most energy-efficient in terms of output and cost of production. Although coal is cheaper compared to fuel oil and supposed to contribute a share of fuel used in cement industries, the industries are moving towards the use of alternative and conventional fuels to reduce environmental pollution. It is therefore recommended that deliberate effort to achieve appreciable energy-efficient levels should be the priorities of the cement industries in Nigeria.
Middleware Architecture - History and Adaptation with IEEE 802.11
Authors: Bajpai Rochak , Bansal Atul , Tripathi Jyoti , Iyer Sridhar
Published: May 2021

Communication, which intends to provide a link between any two people, is now moving towards man-to-machine and machine-to-machine connection for transferring different types of data. This transmission scenario, with and ever expanding number of active and passive users, lays the foundation to variety of communication protocols owing to the different types of data which is involved in the process. Within this ever expanding communication arena, Middle-ware can be thought of as a set of hardware and software which is used to connect different platforms with the end-users that are increasing in number day-by-day, with a possible wide spread over any region spanning from few meters to several kilometers. IEEE 802.11 is the set of standards which guides the wireless technology for device implementation and demands seamless integration across the entire protocol stack. This in turn demands an overview of the middleware architecture in broader perspective. This chapter explores the concept of middleware in the existing communication scenario, current trends and future scope.
Novel Therapeutic Interventions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Athanassiou Panagiotis , Athanassiou Lambros , Kostoglou-Athanassiou Ifigenia
Published: May 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized by a variable clinical course ranging from mild to fatal disease. It can affect the kidneys. The aim of treatment in SLE is the prevention of flares and the prevention of accumulation of damage to the main organs affected as well as the prevention of drug side effects. The cornerstone of SLE treatment is hydroxychloroquine. Corticosteroids are used both as induction treatment in disease flares as well as in small doses as maintenance treatment. Immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil are used as steroid sparing agents. Calcineurin inhibitors, namely tacrolimus and cyclosporin A may also be used as immunosuppressants and steroid sparing agents. Pulse methylprednisolone, along with mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide are used as induction treatment in lupus nephritis. Rituximab, an anti-CD20 biologic agent may be used in non-renal SLE. In patients insufficiently controlled with hydroxychloroquine, low dose prednisone and/or immunosuppressive agents, belimumab may be used with beneficial effects in non-renal disease and lupus nephritis.
Tomato Leaf Diseases Detection Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: E.H. Chowdhury Muhammad , Rahman Tawsifur , Khandakar Amith , Ibtehaz Nabil , Ullah Khan Aftab , Salman Khan Muhammad , Al-Emadi Nasser , Bin Ibne Reaz Mamun , Tariqul Islam Mohammad , Hamid Md. Ali Sawal
Published: May 2021

Plants are a major source of food for the world population. Plant diseases contribute to production loss, which can be tackled with continuous monitoring. Manual plant disease monitoring is both laborious and error-prone. Early detection of plant diseases using computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) can help to reduce the adverse effects of diseases and also helps to overcome the shortcomings of continuous human monitoring. In this study, we have extensively studied the performance of the different state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) classification network architectures i.e. ResNet18, MobileNet, DenseNet201, and InceptionV3 on 18,162 plain tomato leaf images to classify tomato diseases. The comparative performance of the models for the binary classification (healthy and unhealthy leaves), six-class classification (healthy and various groups of diseased leaves), and ten-class classification (healthy and various types of unhealthy leaves) are also reported. InceptionV3 showed superior performance for the binary classification using plain leaf images with an accuracy of 99.2%. DenseNet201 also outperform for six-class classification with an accuracy of 97.99%. Finally, DenseNet201 achieved an accuracy of 98.05% for ten-class classification. It can be concluded that deep architectures performed better at classifying the diseases for the three experiments. The performance of each of the experimental studies reported in this work outperforms the existing literature.
Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Various Disease Processes: An Overview
Authors: Gelen Volkan , Kükürt Abdulsamed , Şengül Emin
Published: May 2021

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a physiological system that plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and body water-electrolyte balance, in which the kidney, liver and lungs play a role in its activation. This system comes into play in various diseases such as the cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary and nervous system where blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance may change. The purpose of this study, which is presented in line with this information, is to explain the working principle of this system, how this system is activated, how it comes into play in the mentioned diseases, and what kind of results occur.
Revisiting the Full Spectrum ofHelicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Lymphoma
Authors: Kuo Sung-Hsin , Yeh Kun-Huei , Lin Chung-Wu , Chen Li-Tzong , Wu Ming-Shiang , Cheng Ann-Lii
Published: May 2021

Early stage gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) with histological features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) origin (DLBCL[MALT]) are also closely related to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, apart from the classical gastric MALT lymphoma, and are cured by Hp eradication therapy (HPE). Whether some gastric “pure” DLBCLs (without histological features of MALT) are also Hp-related is clinically very important, since this subtype of gastric lymphoma is relatively common in the population and is still universally treated with intensive systemic chemotherapy. A large proportion of early stage gastric “pure” DLBCL can achieve long-term complete remission after HPE. However, the precise mechanisms of Hp-dependent (with complete regression of tumors after HPE) lymphomagenesis of gastric “pure” DLBCL, DLBCL(MALT), and MALT lymphoma remain uncertain. In the classical conception, gastric MALT lymphoma is indirectly caused by Hp through T-cell stimulation, with the aid of costimulatory molecules. To explore the direct interactions between Hp and lymphoma B-cells of Hp-dependent gastric MALT lymphoma, DLBCL(MALT), and “pure” DLBCLs, we assessed the participation of Hp-encoded cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) in the lymphomagenesis of these tumors. We discovered that CagA oncogenic protein and its regulated signaling molecules including phospho-Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (p-SHP-2) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) correlated significantly with Hp-dependence of gastric MALT lymphoma. This finding supports previous observations that the CagA protein of Hp can be translocated into B-cell lymphoma cells, thereby leading to survival signals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Hp-positive and CagA-expressing gastric “pure” DLBCLs behave in a less biologically aggressive manner, and have better clinical outcomes; this is a distinguishing entity, and its cell origin may include germinal center B cells. In addition, we found that the expression of CagA, p-SHP-2, and p-ERK correlated significantly with the Hp-dependence of gastric DLBCL(MALT) and “pure” DLBCL. These findings indicate that the spectrum of Hp-related gastric lymphomas including MALT lymphoma, DLBCL(MALT), and “pure” DLBCL, is much wider than was previously thought. Further explorations of the spectrum, lymphomagenesis, and therapeutics of Hp-related gastric lymphoma are warranted.
Accessibility Experience Design (AxD): A Bi-directional Accessibility Perspective for e-Business Services
Authors: Obinna U. Ozumba Aghaegbuna , Ozumba Chineme
Published: May 2021

This chapter proposes the idea of accessibility experience design for e-business services, as a bi-directional accessibility perspective for e-business growth in market share. The study is based on the needs for social justice, inclusion, and access on one hand, and business profit on the other. e-Business services have continued to grow with advancement of web and mobile business applications, which give better access to customers and influence the public. Awareness of the need for universal accessibility, to the services which are progressively being offered online, has also increased. Recently, accessibility policies and regulations have become more visible. However, even with the current COVID-19 situation and the shift to online mode, e-business services still lag in web and document accessibility. The resultant loss of access to the sub-population of impaired people results in missed business and market expansion opportunities. Therefore, this chapter explores the current drivers of accessibility practices, adoption by e-business services, and their market implications. The bi-directional accessibility perspective is proposed through the notion of accessibility experience design. The chapter is based on secondary research, which is complimented with demographic analysis of existing population data sets.
Periodontal Disease Associated with Genetic Disorders
Authors: Wu Juan , Keung Leung Wai , Sun Weibin
Published: May 2021

The object of this chapter was to provide an overview including relevant research progress of some genetic disorders with periodontal manifestations. A number of genetic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, with the latter exhibit rather rapid and aggressive presentations. Periodontal disease, perhaps could be the first detectable sign of an undiagnosed genetic disorder. It is therefore important for dental practitioners to be familiar with genetic disorders and their impact on the periodontal tissues. This chapter reviews several genetic disorders that exhibit periodontal manifestations, including hereditary gingival fibromatosis, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypophosphatasia.
Graves’ Disease
Authors: Aragão Prazeres de Oliveira Paula , Nayara Muniz de Oliveira Beatriz , da Silva Souza Paulino Eduarda , Carolinne Marinho de Araujo Fernanda , Gabriele Tabosa Lyra Paula
Published: May 2021

DG presents with three main presentations: hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter, infiltrative ophthalmopathy and pre-tibial myxedema. Patients with Graves’ disease can rarely develop severe hyperthyroidism. The hyperthyroidism of Graves’ disease is characterized immunologically by the lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and by the activation of the immune system with elevation of the circulating T lymphocytes. In GD, goiter is characteristically diffuse. May have asymmetric or lobular character, with variable volume. The clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism are due to the stimulatory effect of thyroid hormones on metabolism and tissues. Nervousness, eye complaints, insomnia, weight loss, tachycardia, palpitations, heat intolerance, damp and hot skin with excessive sweating, tremors, hyperdefecation and muscle weakness are the main characteristics. In the laboratory diagnosis, biochemical and hormonal exams will be done to assess thyroid hormones and the antithyroid antibodies. Additionally, imaging tests may be performed, such as radioactive iodine capture in 24 hours, ultrasonography, thyroid scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration. It is necessary to make the differential diagnosis of Graves’ disease for thyrotoxicosis, subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis and toxic nodular goiter. The treatment of DG aims to stop the production of thyroid hormones and inhibit the effect of thyroid hormones on the body. Hyperthyroidism caused by DG can be treated in the following ways: it may be the use of synthetic antithyroid medicines, thionamides, MMI being a long-term medicine, it allows a single daily dose, and adherence to treatment occurs, a disadvantage is that it cannot be used in pregnant women; beta-blockers, preferably used in the initial phase of DG with thionamides; radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), being the best cost–benefit and preventing DG recurrence; finally the total thyroidectomy, causing the withdrawal of the thyroid gland. Therefore, it should be discussed with the patient what is the best treatment for your case, with a view to the post and against each approach. If the patient develops Graves ophthalmopathy, in lighter cases the artificial tears should be used, and in more severe cases can be used as treatment, corticosteroids, orbital decompression surgery, prisms and orbital radiotherapy. In addition, the patient should keep their body healthy, doing exercise and healthy eating, following the guidance of their doctor.
Sugarcane as Future Bioenergy Crop: Potential Genetic and Genomic Approaches
Authors: Sarwar Khan Muhammad , Mustafa Ghulam , Ahmad Joyia Faiz , Ali Mirza Safdar
Published: May 2021

Biofuels are gaining increased scientific as well as public attention to fulfill future energy demands and can be the only potential candidates to safeguard and strengthen energy security by reducing the world’s reliance on exhausting fossil energy sources. Sugarcane is an important C4 crop with great potential to contribute to global biofuel production as sugarcane juice can be easily fermented to produce ethanol. The success of bioethanol production from sugarcane in Brazil has widened the scope of the technology and has led to increased demand of purpose-grown sugarcane for biofuel production. Scientific interventions have not only helped to improve the cane crop but industrial procedures have also been upgraded resulting in improved production of bioethanol. Likewise, advancements in omics have led to high hopes for the development of energy cane. This chapter highlights the advancements as well as potential and challenges in the production of sugarcane biofuel, focusing on genetic and genomic interventions improving the crop as energy-cane. Further, controversies in the production and usage of biofuel derived from sugarcane have also been discussed.
Sedimentation and Proposed Algorithms to Detect the Possible Existence of Vegetation and Humidity in the Landing Area of the Mars Exploration Rover-B (Opportunity)
Authors: Ramírez-Juidías Emilio , Villavicencio-Valero Katherine , Borja Arthur
Published: May 2021

Opportunity was launched in 2004 and has been providing interesting data from Mars till 2018. Meridiani Planum was the landing site for the robot. This crater has numerous rock outcrops, which are considered a valuable geological resource that contains keys to the Martian past. In this work, several algorithms have been developed for detecting the possible presence of humidity and vegetation on Mars through the images sent by the Mars Exploration Rover - B Opportunity and by the Viking Orbiter between 1976 and 1980. For this, it was carried out a sedimentary simulation of the study area, as well as an analysis of all the images from the spectral signatures extracted. The results show the existence of three types of water on the surface, as well as concentrations of Neoxanthin, also on landing area surface, that suggest the possible existence of microalgae.
In the Crossing of Politics With Science: Medical Arguments on the High Rate of Cesarean Sections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Jaqueline
Published: May 2021

Brazil is the second country with the highest rate of cesarean sections in the world. Most of these procedures are without medical reasons, representing risks for the mother and baby. Obstetric doctors are appointed as the main responsible for this index. The reasons given are for financial reasons or for the convenience of predictable and planned births, and in these cases, cesarean sections are performed without sufficient clarification to pregnant women about their risks and their real need. In this context, there is a constant conflict between doctors and social movement activists in favor of the humanization of childbirth. The purpose of this paper is to analyze from an anthropological point of view the arguments that doctors use to defend themselves against these accusations. Through participant observation at scientific events and meetings of representatives of medical entities, it was found that obstetricians argue that they are based on “medical evidence” and accuse humanized childbirth activists of being based on “ideology”. These arguments reflect the current political context in Brazil marked by intolerance and the advance of neoconservatism.
Treatment of Tannery Effluent of Unit Bovine Hides’ Unhairing Liming by the Precipitation
Authors: Omor Anass , Elkarrach Karima , Ouafi Redouane , Rais Zakia , ElMadani Fatima-Zahra , Taleb Mustafa
Published: May 2021

The tannery effluents are characterized by high toxic pollutants such as sulfides; used in the tanning of animal’s skin. The mean objective of this work is the evaluation of the pollution degree of various operating units, and the treatment of tannery effluent generated from unhairing-liming unit. According to physicochemical characterization, this effluent was largely basic and very loaded in sulfides, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment as well. Otherwise, the microbiological characterization showed an absence of pathogenic bacteria and a low concentration of mesophilic aerobic flora, because of this effluent toxicity. Thus, the treatment of this effluent is indispensable before its reject into the environment. In fact, chemical precipitation is a promising approach for the treatment of this effluent. In this regard, ferric chloride was used as chemical agent to reduce and removal sulphide ions from this effluent. As result, this treatment gave an excellent abatement rate of sulphide, which reached more than 90% using a pH of 8.5 and a ferric chloride concentration of 1.4 mol/L.
Photosynthetic Antenna Size Regulation as an Essential Mechanism of Higher Plants Acclimation to Biotic and Abiotic Factors: The Role of the Chloroplast Plastoquinone Pool and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: M. Borisova-Mubarakshina Maria , A. Naydov Ilya , V. Vetoshkina Daria , A. Kozuleva Marina , V. Vilyanen Daria , N. Rudenko Natalia , N. Ivanov Boris
Published: May 2021

The present chapter describes the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation in photosynthetic reactions and the functional significance of reactive oxygen species as signal messengers in photosynthetic cells of plants. Attention is given to the acclimation mechanisms of higher plants to abiotic and biotic factors such as increased light, drought, soil salinity and colonization of plants by rhizosphere microorganisms. Special attention is paid to the reactions of reactive oxygen species with the components of the chloroplasts plastoquinone pool leading to production of hydrogen peroxide as a signal molecule, which is involved in acclimation of plants to these stress conditions. The chapter also presents the data demonstrating that regulation of the size of the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II is one of the universal mechanisms of the structural and functional reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants exposed to the abiotic and biotic factors. These data were obtained for both model Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants as well as for agricultural barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants. It is hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide, produced with involvement of the plastoquinone pool components, plays the role of a signaling molecule for regulation of the photosystem II antenna size in higher plants when environmental conditions change.
Real World Learning in Outdoor Environmental Education Programs
Authors: Činčera Jan , Johnson Bruce , Kroufek Roman , Kolenatý Miloslav , Šimonová Petra , Zálešák Jan
Published: May 2021

This book analyzes the theoretical frameworks shaping the practice of outdoor environmental education programs. For the analyses, the authors applied the Real World Learning Model that defines the quality criteria for this kind of practice. They also further examined the Model from the perspectives of relevant theory and research, as well as from the perspectives of program leaders, accompanying teachers, and participating students. Specifically, the authors selected five programs, all three to five days long, offered by Czech outdoor environmental education centers for students in the 3rd to 7th grades and focused on shaping students’ environmental values and behavior.