bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree Diversity has Limited Effects on Beech Bark Disease Incidence in American Beech Population of Mont St-Hilaire
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Perez Ema , Chinn Anna , Davies Johnathan
Published: July 2022

Background: American beech trees (Fagus gandifolia) exist in many areas in northeastern North America. Beech bark disease (BBD) is caused by a scale insect and bark-killing fungus (Cryptococcus fagisuga and Nectria spp.). We aim to study the correlation between diversity and the presence of BBD, and predict that tree diversity in Gault’s Nature Reserve in Mont St-Hilaire (MSH), Québec decreases the presence of BBD and that F. grandifolia density would increase the presence of this disease.

Methods: We randomly chose 15 sites for sampling of individual tree species. F. grandifolia trees were identified as “healthy” or “infected”. Simple regressions, ANOVA, two and three-way interaction, linear mix effect model, and paired t-test were performed using R and Excel.

Results: Our results show no significant correlation of infected individuals and total number of either A. saccharum or A. pensylvanica, unless analyzed with a linear mixed effect model (p=0.0256). However, there was a strong, positive correlation between the number of infected trees and the density of F. grandifolia (R2=0.6712), and this relationship was stronger in disturbed areas compared to undisturbed areas in the reserve (t=2.0492, p=0.047, tcritical=2.0211).

Conclusion: We found beech tree density and habitat disturbance, but not community diversity, to have a significant positive effect on Beech Bark Disease infection rates.
Reduction in Noise Correlation is Associated with Improved Behavioural Performance
Authors: Nath Moushumi , Zhu Xinwen
Published: July 2022

Background: Visual perception constitutes the dominant method by which we process our environment, yet the neuronal substrates that underlie visual perception in the brain are not well understood. Noise correla- tion, defined as the correlation in non-stimulus evoked activity between neurons, has been shown to impact both encoding and decoding processes of visual stimuli. We wanted to determine whether changes in noise correlation can predict behavioural performance in a coherent motion-detection task.

Methods: Two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained in a coherent motion-detection task, where they learned to fixate on a screen and anticipate the onset of a motion coherence stimulus. During this task, spike activity from pairs of neurons of the middle temporal area (area MT) were recorded and data was analyzed using MATLAB. Specifically, we examined noise correlation as a function of time and success rate in the task.

Results: We found a decrease in the correlation in activity between neurons in area MT prior to the onset of the motion coherence stimulus. This decrease was accompanied by improved behavioural performance in the motion coherence-detection task.

Limitations: The activity in pairs of neurons may not accurately represent overall activity in a population of neurons. In addition, control experiments to better assess the nature of the common input that leads to a reduction in noise correlation were not conducted.

Conclusions: Despite these limitations, we have shown that a reduction in noise correlation prior to stimulus onset is accompanied by improved behavioural performance, suggesting that noise correlation may be a critical parameter that can aid in our understanding of how visual perception occurs in the brain.
Dirty Turtles: Examining the Effects of Persistent Pollutants on Embryonic Turtle Development
Authors: Ford Jessica
Published: July 2022

Background: In an anthropogenically-altered world, it is common to find pollutants such as plastics, pesticides, fertilizers, and heavy metals in waterways and soil. Many plastics, such as BPAs; organic chemicals that can absorb plastics, such as PCBs; and pesticides, such as atrazine, are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many EDCs act as xenoestrogens and can affect the sexual development of numerous organisms, from mammals, such as humans; to reptiles, such as turtles. Turtles are long-living organisms that often have an omnivorous diet and demonstrate site fidelity, thus they are useful subjects in which to study the effect of EDCs on organismal development.
Methods: In this study, the effects of plastics, pesticides, flame retardants, and heavy metals on developing turtle embryos were examined across a variety of both freshwater and marine turtles. A search of existing relevant literature was carried out in November of 2016 using the database Web Of Science and Google Scholar by looking for the keywords “turtles” AND “sex-reversal” AND “endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)”, with no restrictions used on the years in which these studies were published. Web of Science returned 42 articles and Google scholar returned 3870 articles. Of these, 13 studies were deemed relevant and examined, encompassing 35 cases, and consisting of data from eight different species of turtles.
Summary: It was found that plastics and PCBs, even in low doses, had the greatest effects on sex reversal across turtle species, and could affect their behavior later in life as well. Pesticides showed an ability to alter the sex of the turtle, and also caused developmental defects. Flame-retardants and heavy metals were shown to be maternally transferred to offspring, but studies did not find obvious cases of sex reversal or developmental defects at low doses. Many turtle species are endangered, and thus understanding threats to their health and development is critical to their future survival.
Similar but Different: RBR E3 Ligases and their Domains that are Crucial for Function
Authors: Sung George
Published: July 2022

Background: The E3 ubiquitin ligases can be subdivided into four distinct types (RING, HECT, U-box, and RBR type) based on their domain architecture and ubiquitin transfer mechanism. Recent structures of different RBR E3 ligases have been solved showing enzymes in their autoinhibited state. The only exception is HOIP/ HOIL-1L which was recently solved in its “active” conformation. This review discusses the structural and functional characteristics of three different members of the RBR E3 ubiquitin ligase family: Parkin, HOIP/HOIL-1L, and HHARI.
Methods: Searches were performed using PubMed. Search term includes “RBR E3 Ligase”, “Parkin”, “HOIP/ HOIL-1L”, “HHARI”, “UbcH7”, and “E2”. In the end, 25 journal articles were selected as the foundation of this review. The structural coordinates of Parkin, HOIP, and HHARI were accessed from the PDB (www.rcsb.org) with the PDB IDs 4ZYN, 5EDV, and 4KBL, respectively.
Summary: Currently, most solved RBR E3 ligase structures are only in their inactive forms, except for HOIP/ HOIL-1L, and these inactive forms provide valuable information on how these proteins are regulated in vivo. All the RBR E3 ligases have common domains, but their structures and functions are heavily dependent on their accessory domains, which serve as regulators that orchestrate certain ubiquitin chain syntheses and play a role in the autoinhibition of RBR E3 ligases. Although these domains are structurally different, they use distinct molecular interactions to achieve the same goal. While the regulation of most RBR E3 ligases has been extensively studied, more structural studies are required to further characterize the mechanism that these enzymes use to build different ubiquitin chains. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of each type of ubiquitin chain could help elucidate their functions and related pathways.
Exploration of Fermi-LAT Data: An Analysis of Pulsar J1930+1852
Authors: Cook Amanda
Published: July 2022

Background: Fermi-LAT’s 9-year data set of astrophysical gamma-rays (recently reprocessed) has revealed many new astrophysical sources. A closer analysis of one of these previously unseen sources, PSR J1930+1852 and associated pulsar wind nebula, G54.0+0.3, could help to confirm the gamma-ray emission mechanism of pulsars.
Methods: An investigation and analysis of PSR J1930+1852 and PWN G54.0+0.3 using Fermi-LAT data and science tools using maximum likelihood fitting is detailed.Results: A 4.3 σ (p = 0.000017) excess above background was observed at the coordinates of the pulsar/pulsar wind nebula and the sources spectrum appears to be consistent with a single power law.
Limitations: The sources in the models are modelled as point sources. Further studies may want to consider the possibility of extended sources in the modelled region.
Conclusion: There is evidence for a Fermi-LAT detection of this pulsar wind nebula and the source spectrum appears to be consistent with a standard power law. An upper limit calculation predicts only about 100 events with energy above 1 GeV in the 9-year data set so a pulsation search was not conducted.
Emergency Rainwater Harvesting, Water Storage, and Distribution System for an Affordable Housing Development in Barbados
Authors: Vanderweyen Laura , Zhang Xiao Yi , Zasmolin Vladislav
Published: July 2022

Background: To sustain both permanent residents and an intense tourism industry, Barbados overpumps its sole source of natural freshwater—the aquifer. Climate change is projected to increase both storm intensity and drought, further hampering groundwater recharge. These intense rainfalls quickly saturate topsoil and result in extensive surface run-off that causes flooding, erosion, sedimentation, and eutrophication. By providing more water for households and reducing aquifer withdrawal, rainwater harvesting has the potential to both mitigate water scarcity and reduce the amount of harmful run-off. However, rainwater harvesting is not currently practiced in Barbados. This paper proposes a hurricane-resistant rainwater harvest, storage, and distribution system to be implemented in an affordable housing community in St. Thomas, Barbados.Methods: In the creation of the distribution system design, social, economic and environmental concepts need to be considered. We first conducted a field survey within the neighbourhood to understand what the residents felt the local water supply lacked. Afterwards, we performed a detailed rainfall analysis to determine the amount of rainwater that can realistically be captured. Finally, we consulted with various academic experts, local industry members, and supply stores to determine an affordable design.Results: Our findings suggest that an initial household investment of $2790.90 BBD appears adequate to provide a system for rainwater harvesting, dual plumbing, and communal distribution which can withstand and utilize 1/50 years storms.Limitations: Given that rainwater harvesting is not currently practiced in Barbados, government initiatives are needed to encourage its development.Conclusion: Affordable rainwater harvesting, dual plumbing, and community distribution systems can be implemented to possibly reshape life in countries facing water scarcity.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) Modulation: a Novel, Non-Hormonal Contraceptive Method
Authors: Dolin Hannah
Published: July 2022

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an essential role in embryonic implantation. Vaginal application of pegylated LIF antagonists can successfully prevent implantation and pregnancy in mice. The development of non-hormonal, female-controlled contraceptives is imperative, as combined oral contraceptives are associated with depression and are not feasible for use in all women.Methods: This paper reviews 44 studies regarding LIF, implantation, hormonal contraceptives and the use of LIF antagonists as a means to inhibit pregnancy.Summary: Current research indicates that LIF-modulation could be effective as a non-hormonal contraceptive method, although researchers should be wary of the negative side effects associated with systemic LIF modulation. Vaginal application of LIF antagonists could decrease the risk of negative side effects.
Automated ultrasonic vocalization analysis: Training and testing VocalMat on a rat-based dataset
Authors: Gouin Samir
Published: July 2022

Background: Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) offer another way to study the behaviour of rodents in addition to commonly used visual methods. USV subtypes have been associated with behaviour such as the concurrence of 22-kHz calls and signs of distress (defensive behaviour). (1,2) However, the categories used to analyze USVs are a source of contention, most notably with 50-kHz calls, and may even be arbitrary altogether. (3) To facilitate subtyping calls, VocalMat has been developed for USV identification and classification, and it has shown an accuracy of greater than 98% for mice USV detection and 86% for mice USV classification. (4) In this project, we have constructed a rat-based dataset of USVs and then used it to train the VocalMat program to assess automated USV classification.
Methods: Avisoft-SASLab Pro was used to manually classify USVs from 216 audio files. The sorted USVs were then used to train VocalMat’s classification program.
Results: Our results show overall accuracies greater than 90% with the highest in the trill and flat categories (97.2% and 91.0%). We experimented with the number of USV categories and found high accuracies when grouping spectrographically similar calls, which are flat calls with up and down ramp calls (96.9%) and trill calls with trill jump and flat-trill calls (98.7%).
Limitations: There are large variations in the number of calls per category in our dataset. More data is needed to fill these gaps and provide more training samples for infrequent calls.
Conclusions: By creating a database of rat USVs and then using it to train VocalMat, we have shown the potential of its adaption to a rat vocal repertoire. Going forward, we hope to test more variations of USV categories on machine learning programs to establish a robust approach to classifying USVs.
Changing Climate Change
Authors: Willard-Stepan Maya , Fong Allie , Sabaa Yehia
Published: July 2022

It is well established that global warming surpassing 1.5-2°C above pre-industrial levels will cause irreversible damage to our world. The adverse rise in global temperatures is accelerated by anthropogenic activity such as greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. While certain scenarios have been projected to significantly lower global warming rates, most of these developments will require immediate global top-down policy shifts. Several international treaties and agreements have been created to combat climate change. Nonetheless, these remain ineffective at creating meaningful progress and cast doubt on how realizable a positive climate scenario is.

In this review, we analyze how regional policies and actions combat the climate crisis by examining how specific community initiatives impact climate indicators such as reforestation, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and sustainable agriculture. Our findings conclude that local initiatives have shown more immediate success compared to their global counterparts. Thus, additional locally led climate initiatives is warranted.
Assessing Early Public Response to COVID-19-Related Restrictions in New York City Using Spatial Analysis of Urban Mobility Data
Authors: Chen Emily
Published: July 2022

The rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States initiated shelter-in-place policies that significantly impacted human mobility and daily routines starting in March 2020. Prior literature has examined the differences in lockdown policy efficacy and compliance with government orders1-6, as well as the effect of mobility changes on case counts7-12. However, less attention has been placed on the connection between mobility and socio-demographics after the onset of COVID-19 within a city’s borders. This paper focused on how human mobility patterns in New York City during the first three months of the pandemic differed based on socio-demographic factors like age, household income, and method of transportation to work. A secondary analysis determined if the four measurements of mobility used, namely distance traveled from home, home dwell time, non-home dwell time, and percentage time home, yielded significantly different findings. A mobility ratio representing the change in mobility between the first two weeks of February and April 2020 was created using aggregated and anonymized cellphone mobility data from SafeGraph. A Global Moran’s Index was calculated for each mobility ratio to test for the presence of spatial autocorrelation, and then two spatial lag models were applied to account for the existence of autocorrelation. That there existed significant differences in mobility patterns based on socio-demographics reinforced the need for physical distancing policies that acknowledge the demographic diversity present not only between but also within cities.
The Vestibular Ocular Reflex In Parkinsonian Mice
Authors: Raitman Irene , Cullen Kathleen E.
Published: July 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by poor balance, slow movement, rigidity, and uncontrollable tremors of the hands. These symptoms result from the degeneration of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain, specifically in the substantia nigra and the locus coeruleus. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is released by the brain and stimulates motor neurons. When dopamine production is depleted, the motor system is unable to control movement and coordination and PD symptoms occur.

The goal of this experiment was to gain a better understanding of the effects of PD on the vestibular system. More specifically, the effect of the destruction of the dopamine producing cells on the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) was investigated. The VOR is a gaze-stabilization reflex which maintains eye fixation on an object during head rotation. As the head turns, the eyes compensate by slowly turning in the opposite direction. As the eyes reach the limit of their turning range, they quickly reset by returning to their starting position. Together, the VOR (slow phase) and the resetting (quick phase) make up the vestibular nystagmus. The VOR produced during horizontal and vertical rotations by untreated mice was compared with the VOR produced by those mice that were injected with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a drug known to destroy the dopamine producing neurons in humans, primates, and rodents. In addition, the relationship between peak eye velocity and amplitude of the quick phases was analyzed to see if the quick phase was altered in MPTP-treated mice.
The Difficulty In Computing Ancestral DNA Sequences: Using Computational Analysis To Reconstruct DNA Sequences
Authors: Li Zhentao , Blanchette Mathieu
Published: July 2022

Intriguing work has been carried out in order to decipher the genetic codes of today’s existing species. However, little is known about the genetic makeup of species that existed long ago. Exciting possibilities have recently been raised in the field of computational analysis (1), proposing that reconstruction of ancestral DNA sequences can be performed if the DNA sequences of the existing species are known. Being able to perform such reconstructions would simplify the study of the evolution of these species, and uncover many mysteries regarding life that once existed on this planet.

In order to perform reconstructions of unknown ancestral DNA sequences, many different types of problems must be solved, all of which can be approached computationally. Examples of such problems include building a phylogenetic tree of the evolutionary line in question, determining a multiple alignment of the existing species being analyzed, or working out the actual identity of the nucleotides within the ancestral sequence. The problem presented in this paper considers the level of modification within the ancestral sequence.
Evolution of Algorithms to find Prime Numbers
Authors: Kaczorowski Maya
Published: July 2022

Prime numbers, and the deterministic formulas used to find them, have garnered considerable attention from mathematicians, professionals and amateurs alike. A prime number is a positive integer, excluding 1, whose only divisors are 1 and itself. For example, 23 is a prime number as it can only be divided by 1 and 23. A number that is not prime is called a composite number.

While prime numbers under 100 are fairly abundant, they become less frequent and difficult to find in a systematic manner as the digits in the number increase since they do not appear to follow a predictable distribution. So why do researchers keep studying them? For over 150 years, mathematicians have attempted to uncover a deterministic formula to identify prime numbers. If such a formula existed, all numbers could be factored relatively quickly using computers. Paradoxically, much of electronic data today is encrypted by taking advantage of the fact that it is difficult and time consuming for a computer program to factor a large composite number. A formula to find all prime numbers would be a significant breakthrough in mathematics, but severely detrimental to data security.
ERK-CREB Signaling Dysregulation with Increasing Levels of The β-amyloid Protein
Authors: Grant-Orser Amanda , Canneva Fabio
Published: July 2022

Introduction: alzheimer’s Disease is characterized by cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, for which the pathogenic cause is considered to be the accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (aβ42). The swedish and Indiana mutations of the amyloid precursor protein gene (appswe,Ind), found in the genetic familial form of aD, increase aβ42 levels due to augmented enzymatic cleavage. previous experiments demonstrate that high levels of soluble aβ42 upregulate extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (eRK1/2) and downregulate cyclic amp-response element (CRe) binding protein (CReB) phosphorylation. Increasing levels of soluble aβ42 protein are hypothesized to dysregulate the eRK-CReB signalling pathway. Methods: Three plasmid constructs containing wild type amyloid precursor protein (appWt), appswe or appswe,Ind, each producing increasing levels of aβ42, were stably transfected into eukaryotic cell lines. Immunocytochemistry was performed using the mcsa1 antibody to measure the amount of aβ protein in the appswe,Ind and appWt cell lines. Cells were stimulated with forskolin and KCl. eRK and CReB phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. results: mcsa1 staining demonstrated increased aβ protein in the appswe,Ind cell line compared to the appWt cell line. upon cell stimulation at 30 minutes, the appWt cell line demonstrated the highest levels of CReB phosphorylation and appswe,Ind demonstrated the lowest levels. eRK phosphorylation increased upon stimulation and was sustained across all four time points, but there was no significant difference in levels between the clones. discussion: These results suggest that the aβ protein has beneficial effects on CRe-regulated gene expression at physiological levels and negative consequences that mimic alzheimer’s disease at pathogenic levels.
Atmospheric circulation structures associated with freezing rain in Quebec City, Quebec
Authors: Splawinski Sophie , Gyakum John R. , Atallah Eyad H.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: An analysis of freezing rain (FZRA) events in Quebec City (YQB), Quebec, Canada, a climatologically active area, is counted over a 30 year period (1979-2008) in an attempt to better understand the synoptic patterns, severity, and frequency of such events. Methods: of the 218 individual events, 48 are classified as severe and are given a more in depth analysis at various pressure levels. events are partitioned into five categories based on synoptic patterns, including the location and organization of surface features, 500 hpa trough location and length, and instantaneous geostrophic wind direction at YQB at the first hour of reported FZRA. Composite analyses of atmospheric variables are then created for each category, and the latter are then compared. Results: each of the five categories has a unique thermodynamic and dynamic signature. Identifying these signatures within forecast models may significantly improve the prediction of freezing rain events. discussion: fzrA events have not been studied extensively in the SLRV and so identifying these aforementioned signatures within forecast models may significantly improve the prediction of freezing rain events.
Stress reactivity during evaluation by the opposite sex: comparison of responses induced by different psychosocial stress tests
Authors: Goff Lydia , Ali Nida , Pruessner Dr. Jens
Published: July 2022

It is becoming increasingly difficult for researchers to continue their high rates of publication when funding budgets are running tighter than ever. It is therefore in a researcher’s best interest to utilize more economical tests whenever possible. This project aims to compare various stress tests in order to determine whether the new, cost-efficient Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) activates a physiological and subjective stress response with the same effectiveness as pre-existing, more resource-intensive tests. This study demonstrated that the MAST produces a response similar to that of the previously predominant Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Meanwhile, database data shows that the purely physiological Cold Pressor Task (CPT) lags behind in terms of response elicited. These findings may allow for a more cost-efficient yet highly effective stress task to become available to researchers.
Dos rostros del velo de la igualdad: silenciamiento y políticas de acción afirmativa
Authors: Muñoz Velasco Julia , Ruiz Esquivel Mónica
Published: July 2022

Marcela Lagarde denunció la existencia de un velo de la igualdad como una ilusión que promueve una lectura falsa e inadecuada de la presencia de las mujeres en espacios que antes les estaban negados. Este velo oculta la verdadera desigualdad estructural, favoreciendo una interpretación superficial de los avances logrados en pos de la igualdad de género. En este artículo, nos interesa señalar cómo ese velo de la igualdad se expresa en las instituciones de educación superior (ies) desde la formalidad de dos medidas institucionales, a saber: las políticas de acción afirmativa y los protocolos de atención para prevenir y tratar los casos de violencia de género. Como mostraremos, el carácter formal de ambas medidas puede llegar a contribuir al velo de la igualdad en lugar de combatirlo, además de crear una nueva forma de silenciamiento para las comunidades universitarias.
Las Políticas de resistencia y el acompañamiento otro frente a la violencia contra las mujeres
Authors: Virto Martínez María Centeocíhuatl , Reynoso de la Paz Manuel
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se revisa la violencia contra las mujeres y el feminicidio en México y un tipo de política concebida a partir de este tipo de violencia. En primer lugar, se presentan las herramientas de análisis que se usarán en este trabajo y se delinea qué es la violencia contra las mujeres y la forma más extrema de esta: el feminicidio. En segundo lugar, se presenta una idea de política que permite desarrollar una crítica a los distintos tipos de violencia y a la sevicia con la que son tratados los cuerpos feminizados. Finalmente se presenta el acompañamiento otro como un tipo de política de resistencia que permite a las mujeres y a las niñas hacer frente a estos tipos de violencias contra ellas. En esta última parte se incorporarán las voces o los testimonios de algunas mujeres que se han organizado (o no) para acompañar a otras mujeres.
El "feminismo incorrecto". El 8M del 2020 en el discurso de Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Authors: Bolaños Ruiz Yurisan Berenice , Sánchez García Chpír Etétzi
Published: July 2022

El presente documento analiza las estrategias discursivas utilizadas por Andrés Manuel López Obrador, presidente de México, para referirse a las movilizaciones feministas del 8M de 2020. Encontramos que, en contraste con la potencia política de las protestas del 8M, los discursos de la presidencia sugieren la imagen de un “feminismo incorrecto”, asociado al conservadurismo y estructurado alrededor de la idea de una supuesta incapacidad de las mujeres para articular un posicionamiento político autónomo. Se identifica la presencia de resabios de una democracia patriarcal en los discursos presidenciales, centrada en una noción de ciudadanía “masculina y excluyente”. Analizar estos discursos es un acto de imperiosa urgencia para la vida democrática del país, en tanto que devela la existencia de imaginarios sobre los feminismos que contribuyen a invisibilizar las demandas de justicia, libertad y derecho a una vida digna de las mujeres mexicanas.
Condiciones y límites de la cualidad de persona
Authors: Cervera Castellano Rafael
Published: July 2022

El estudio del concepto de persona presenta serios problemas debido a la falta de consenso para su caracterización entre los teóricos que abordan su discusión desde la filosofía y la bioética. Típicamente se alega que un ser humano es una persona cuando posee ciertas capacidades cognitivas que se suponen necesarias y suficientes para recibir este calificativo. Sobre las condiciones que deberían cumplirse para ser una persona existen tres límites metafísicos que podrían tomarse como base, a partir de los cuales se caracterizaría este concepto. Estos son la posesión de una persistencia mental a través del tiempo y el espacio, tener una conciencia autonoética y poseer un autoconcepto extendido en esta dimensión espaciotemporal. La presente investigación defiende la existencia de un concepto extendido de uno mismo para caracterizar al concepto de persona.
La Rebelión de las máquinas en la trama del capitalismo algorítmico: la democracia acechada
Authors: González Montaño Abraham
Published: July 2022

El concepto de capitalismo algorítmico describe la manera en la que las sociedades del siglo xxi funcionan a través de una modulación estructural de la existencia del ser humano a partir de datos-algoritmos, que impactan de manera directa en los ideales democráticos, como la deliberación, el desacuerdo y el consenso. En esta lógica, el capitalismo algorítmico retrata un proceso de cambio radical expresado no solamente en los ámbitos político, económico o cultural de las sociedades actuales, sino, sobre todo, en los espacios íntimos de los seres humanos, como los sentimientos, anhelos, quehaceres, emociones, formas de elegir y hasta de soñar. Su propósito es incidir sobre estos espacios para modificarlos y conducirlos a horizontes siempre capitalizables.
RFWD3 and translesion DNA polymerases contribute to PCNA modification–dependent DNA damage tolerance
Authors: Kanao Rie , Kawai Hidehiko , Taniguchi Toshiyasu , Takata Minoru , Masutani Chikahide
Published: July 2022

DNA damage tolerance pathways are regulated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) modifications at lysine 164. Translesion DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase η (Polη) is well studied, but less is known about Polη-independent mechanisms. Illudin S and its derivatives induce alkyl DNA adducts, which are repaired by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). We demonstrate that in addition to TC-NER, PCNA modification at K164 plays an essential role in cellular resistance to these compounds by overcoming replication blockages, with no requirement for Polη. Polκ and RING finger and WD repeat domain 3 (RFWD3) contribute to tolerance, and are both dependent on PCNA modifications. Although RFWD3 is a FANC protein, we demonstrate that it plays a role in DNA damage tolerance independent of the FANC pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that RFWD3-mediated cellular survival after UV irradiation is dependent on PCNA modifications but is independent of Polη. Thus, RFWD3 contributes to PCNA modification–dependent DNA damage tolerance in addition to translesion DNA polymerases.
Imagens do dossiê
Authors: Catrica Paulo
Published: July 2022

Este portfólio reúne fotografias de Pedro Bandeira e Paulo Catrica, selecionadas a partir de dois projectos editoriais distintos. As fotografias de Bandeira, foram retiradas de “O Mundo às Costas” (2001-2021) e as de Catrica de “Memorator” (2015).[...]
Rural teachers' perceptions towards the inclusion of learners with autism into inclusive classroom settings in zimbabwe: a case of chivi district primary schools
Authors: Peter Makaya
Published: July 2022

This study investigated teachers' perceptions towards the inclusion of learners with autism into inclusive classroom settings in rural schools. It mainly focused on perceptions of rural teachers and investigates on understanding and knowledge of rural teachers on autism in their classrooms. It discuss the challenges faced by rural teachers including learners with autism and the ways to overcome. A phenomenological research design underpinned in which the researcher used indepth interviews and focused group discussions on interacting with the participants about their perceptions towards the inclusion of learners with autism into inclusive classroom settings. Twenty rural primary school teachers in Chivi District were purposively sampled. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The findings revealed that participants had a low level of knowledge about autistic learners and also found that factors such as lack in-service training and in teaching and learning materials were among the challenges teachers face in teaching learners with autism in inclusive classrooms in rural schools. The provision of inclusive in-service training and workshops could help many rural teachers gain appropriate knowledge and skills in teaching learners with autism in inclusive classrooms. It is concluded that inclusive education is still facing many challenges in making it a reality. Therefore, the study recommends that educational stakeholders work for hand in glove with rural teachers to let every learner with and without autism learn and enjoy the benefits of education in inclusive classrooms.
A Phenomenon-Based Learning Enquiry: University Students’ Self-Leadership Actions on the Social Impact of Covid-19
Authors: De Klerk Edwin Darrell , Palmer June Monica , Modise Alfred
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper was to gain deeper insight into Bachelor of Education Honors (B.Ed. Hons) students’ self-leadership actions in response to the social impact of COVID-19 on their academic lives. Notwithstanding the growing body of literature showing the impact of COVID-19 on education, the social influence of the pandemic on the academic lives of students in higher education institutions (HEIs) remains contentious. Since the implementation of lockdowns and social isolation internationally, COVID-19, as a social phenomenon, has required creative responses from students in HEIs to advance academically. Through a phenomenon-based learning (PhenoBL) enquiry and applying narrative methodology, students’ responses were analyzed by means of McCormack’s (2000) four lenses, namely the lens of language, the lens of narrative processed, the lens of context and the lens of moments. Emails were sent to all B.Ed. Hons students to express their views and understanding of the influence of COVID-19 on their academic lives as postgraduate students. Five students responded and were afforded the opportunity to provide their insights and understanding of the phenomenon whilst exploring self-leadership actions for change toward transformative practices in their learning spaces. The results revealed that, through engaging in PhenoBL activities, students were able to employ adaptive practices and inquiry-based activities to enhance self-leadership abilities through self-influence and self-trust. The paper recommends that HEIs should consider PhenoBL activities for self-leadership as transformative practices of social justice to address the social complexities of the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the academic lives of university students.
İklim Değişikliği, Düzce'de Çayır tırtılı ( Loxostege sticticalis L.)’nın Birinci Nesil Kelebeklerinin Salgınına Neden Oldu
Authors: ÖZTEMİZ Sevcan , CİNER İbrahim
Published: July 2022

Çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), istilacı ve göç eden bir zararlıdır. Zararlı genellikle periyodik 10-12 yılda bir meydana gelen kitlesel salgınları ile bilinirler. Düzce’de 2022 yılında haziran ayının ikinci yarısında çok sayıda zararlının birinci nesil ergin kelebekleri beklenmedik bir şekilde ortaya çıktı ve ilk kez kayıt edildi. İklim değişikliği ve zararlının kışlama alanlarındaki habitat koşullarının bozulması nedeni ile göç ettiği ve üreme alanlarındaki dağılımını da etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Birinci nesil kelebek salgın mekanizmasının belirlenmesi için zararlı ile ilgili ulusal ortak izleme ve bilgi paylaşımı yapılması önem kazanmıştır. Bu amaçla ele alınan çalışmada zararlı ile ilgili genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Akıllı İç Mekan Mobilyalarının Sınıflandırılması
Authors: TORUN Alptekin
Published: July 2022

Günümüzde ev kullanıcısının istek ve ihtiyaçları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu bütün istek ve ihtiyaçları karşılamak için daha geniş alanlar yaratmak bir sorundur. Bu anlamda daha büyük bir konut birimine geçmek yerine daha fazla insanın ihtiyacını karşılayan birden fazla işleve sahip çözümler gerekmektedir. Bu makalede, akıllı ev sitemlerinin bir parçası olan akıllı mobilyalar, günümüzün ihtiyaçları ve teknoloji yönelimleriyle birlikte incelenmiştir. Makale, akıllı mobilyaların mantığının genel perspektifinin görülmesi ve akıllı mobilyaların potansiyel yönelimlerinin irdelenmesi açısından önemlidir. Makalede akıllı mobilyalar günümüzdeki dağılımına göre sınıflandırılmış, avantaj ve dezavantajları ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bakımdan bu çalışmanın aynı zamanda mevcut literatürü toparlayıcı bir etkisinin olması beklenmektedir.
Disease complex of Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) on tomato
Authors: GÖZE ÖZDEMİR Fatma Gül , ARICI Şerife Evrim , ELEKCİOĞLU İbrahim Halil
Published: July 2022

The root rot disease complex of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was investigated in 2021 under controlled conditions with different applications on tomato. Three week-old seedlings (cv. Alberty F1) were inoculated with M. hapla and/or R. solani according to priority of the applications. After sixty days, the parameters of plant and root height, plant and root wet weight, numbers of gall and egg masses, disease severity, M. hapla second stage juvenile density and R. solani density in the soil were recorded. The plant growth parameters were more adversely affected in plants inoculated with R. solani 2 weeks after the M. hapla application, whereas the number of galls and egg masses in the roots were negatively affected in only M. hapla inoculation 2 weeks after the inoculation of R. solani application. The disease severity of R. solani inoculation 2 weeks after M. hapla application (44.7%) and simultaneous M. hapla and R. solani application (33.6%) were found to be higher than only R. solani application (21.6%) and M. hapla inoculation 2 weeks after R. solani application (22.9%). In this study, it was found that M. hapla infestation of tomato increased root rot disease caused by R. solani.
Emergency Nurses’ Perceptions of Leadership Strategies and Intention to Leave: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Horvath Samantha , Carter Nancy
Published: July 2022

BackgroundRetention of registered nurses in emergency departments (EDs) is as a critical issue, further exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. Leaders influence work life and working environment, but it is unclear what strategies leaders use to address nurse staffing issues in the ED. The purpose of this scoping review is to understand if leadership strategies used in EDs have links to nursing retention and turnover.
MethodologyThis scoping review was completed with a comprehensive search within Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMCARE, EMBASE. Two authors developed inclusion and exclusion criteria, did title and abstract screening, and full text screening using review software. Data extracted from included studies was analyzed to determine leadership strategies and relationships to intent to stay, retention, intent to leave, or turnover.
ResultsOf the 553 records identified, nine met inclusion criteria. Leadership strategies identified in the studies included support from supervisor, engagement by the leader, organizational culture assessment, and a cultural change toolkit. No leadership strategy influenced nurse intention to stay, retention, intention to leave or turnover.
ConclusionEmergency nurse retention and the prevention of turnover is a multidimensional issue stemming from various factors that may not be controllable due to the nature of the setting. However, leaders can implement strategies and provide support to staff to enhance quality of work life and the work environment. More information is needed to understand how leaders can influence the current and future supply of emergency nurses to produce quality patient care outcomes.
The Impact Of Positive Psychological Capital On Organizational Trust: A Field Study On University Blue Collar Employees
Authors: Ünal Müge , Kırel Ayşe Çiğdem
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada pozitif psikolojik sermaye ve bileşenleri olarak umut, öz yeterlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, iyimserlik kavramları ele alınmıştır. Örgütsel güven ile alt boyutları olarak değerlendirilen örgüte güven, yöneticiye güven
ve çalışma arkadaşlarına güven ile örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Örgütsel güven ile pozitif psikolojik sermaye arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmak için, pozitif psikolojik sermaye bileşenleri olan umut, öz
yeterlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve iyimserlik alt boyutları ile örgütsel güvenin alt boyutları olan yöneticiye güven, çalışma arkadaşlarına güven ve örgüte güven arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiş ve aralarında pozitif bir ilişkinin
olup olmadığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu ilişkiyi tespit etmek için Eskişehir’de bir devlet üniversitesinde mavi yakalı çalışanlar üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda çoklu regresyon analizleri kullanılarak bulgular değerlendirilmiştir.
Bu analizler sonucunda örgütsel güvenle pozitif psikolojik sermaye arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Econometric Assessment Of The Relationship Between Air Pollution And Asthma
Authors: Ekinci Gülay
Published: July 2022

Background: This study was carried out to determine the impact of Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) on the disease of Asthma. Methods: In the analysis, the relationship between NMVOC and disease of asthma was analyzed
by using panel data method. In the analyzes; the Least Squares Method, unit root tests, cointegration tests and FMOLS-DOLS tests were used. 15 countries were determined for this study that have regular data between 1990-2018 about
NMVOC. These countries were Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, and Turkey. As the disease; Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of
asthma was calculated per capita and included in the analysis. Results: Significant relationships were found between NMVOC and disease of asthma in the study. A long-term relationship has been identified between the disease of
asthma and NMVOC. The regression analysis revealed that the 1-unit increase in NMVOC created an increase of 0.0000375-0.0000413 units on the burden of disease of asthma. Conclusions: The empirical evidence revealed that NMVOC has
increased the disease of Asthma.
Efficiency Of Health Resource Utilisation In State Hospitals And Training And Research Hospitals In Istanbul: A Bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Danayiyen Aysun , Yılmaz Salim
Published: July 2022

Hastanelerin etkin kullanımı toplumun gerek doğrudan ekonomik gerekse dolaylı olarak sağlık çıktılarından başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmesi anlamında son derece önem arz etmektedir. Bu hususta yönetim ve sağlık politikaları önemli rol
oynamaktadır. Ülkemizde 694 sayılı kanun ile sağlık bakanlığının taşra örgütlenmesindeki organizasyon şeması değişikliği bu etkinliğin araştırılmasının önemini doğurmuştur. Kamu Hastaneleri İstatistik Raporu – 2017 verileri ile
hastane etkinlik değerlendirilmesinin yapılması Kamu Hastaneneler Birliği yönetim şekli ile hastanelerden elde edilen son veriler olması bakımından ayrıca önemli görülmüştür. Çalışma İstanbul’da bulunan devlet hastanelerini ile
eğitim araştırma hastanelerini kapsamaktadır. Bu anlamda devlet hastaneleri ve eğitim araştırma hastaneleri türüne göre kendi aralarında toplam hekim sayısı, yatak sayısı ve başvuru sayısı girdileri ile toplam ameliyat sayısı,
yatak devir oranı, ortalama kalış günü çıktıları bakımından analize tabi tutulmuştur. Veri zarflama analizi kullanılarak etkinlik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada girdi odaklı CCR modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda
araştırma kapsamına alınan 18 devlet hastanesinden 7’sinin teknik etkin olduğu saptanmıştır. Devlet hastaneleri arasında Teknik etkinlik değeri en düşük olanın 0,504; ortalaması ise 0,876 olarak bulunmuştur. 15 eğitim ve araştırma
hastanesinden ise 8’inin teknik etkin olduğu saptanmıştır. Eğitim ve araştırma hastanelerinin en düşük teknik etkinlik değeri 0,728 ve ortalaması ise 0,933 olarak bulunmuştur.
Examination Of The Opinions Of Directors And Teachers On Strategic Planning Practices In Schools
Authors: Aydın Mehmet , Toprak Fahri , Ercan Ceylan , Polat Faysal , Bingöl Kadri
Published: July 2022

Stratejik yönetim, gerekli önlemleri alarak geleceği organize etmeyi planlayan bir yönetim tekniğidir. Stratejik planlama stratejik yönetimin ilk basamağıdır. Stratejik yönetimi stratejik planlamasız düşünemeyiz. Geçmişte özel müesseselerin
kar emeliyle müşteri memnuniyeti odaklı olarak kullandıkları stratejik tasarlama ile idare şekli yeni kamu düzeni ve yönetimi anlayışı ile kamu müesseselerinde da mevzubahis olmaya başlamıştır. Türkiye’de 1980 senesi başlarında
özel ve kamu düzenine girmeye başlamış, 2003 senesinde yürürlüğe giren Kamu Mali Yönetimi ve Kontrol Kanunu sayesinde tüm resmî kurumlarda stratejik planlamanın zorunlu olduğu bildirilmiştir. Diyarbakır ili Kayapınar ilçesindeki
liselerde 2020-2021 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı içerisinde görev yapan eğitimcilerin görüşleri alınarak nicel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan betimsel tarama modeline uygun bir araştırma olarak hazırlanmıştır.
Smart Cities For A Sustainable Life In Local Economic Development
Authors: Kutluay Tutar Filiz , Canbulut Sema , Tutar Nur Funda
Published: July 2022

Ulusal kalkınmanın alt basamakları bölgesel ve yerel kalkınmadır. Küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle ülkelerde merkezden yerele değil, yerelden merkeze kalkınma anlayışı hakimdir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın başarılı olabilmesi için sürdürülebilir
yerel kalkınma önem arz etmektedir. Sürdürülebilir yerel kalkınma; insan, çevre, doğal kaynaklar, gelir artışı gibi faktörlerin sürdürülebilir kullanımı ile insanların sürdürülebilir bir yaşama sahip olabilmesi için yaşam standardının
yükseltilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda yerelde şehirler önem taşımaktadır. Şehirlerdeki nüfus yoğunluğuna ve kentleşmeye bağlı altyapı, ulaşım, sağlık, eğitim ve barınma gibi temel hizmetlerde sorunlar gündemdedir. Geleneksel
şehir çözümlerinin yeterli olmadığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu durumda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisine dayalı; çevreci, uzun vadeli ve etkin olan akıllı şehirler artık bir ihtiyaç değil zorunluluktur. Hayatı kolaylaştıran, doğayı
koruyan, ekonomik, teknolojik ve sosyal bir yaşam sunan akıllı şehirler yaşam standartlarını artırmaktadır. Nitel yöntemle oluşturulan bu çalışmada amacımız, sürdürülebililirliğin önemli bir göstergesi haline gelen kentler ve bu
kentlerde yaşayan ekonomik birimlerin en önemlisi olan hanehalklarının sürdürülebilir bir hayat için akıllı şehirlere duyduğu ihtiyacı gündeme getirmektir.