bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bibliometric and visualization analysis of electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of eye diseases
Authors: Zhang Fushen , Xu Weiye , Deng Zejun , Huang Jufang
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical biosensors can provide an economical, accurate and rapid method for early screening of disease biomarkers in clinical medicine due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, low cost and easy manufacturing, and multiplexing capability. Tear, a fluid naturally secreted by the human body, is not only easily accessible but also contains a great deal of biological information. However, no bibliometric studies focus on applying electrochemical sensors in tear/eye diseases. Therefore, we utilized VOSviewer and CiteSpace, to perform a detailed bibliometric analysis of 114 papers in the field of research on the application of tear in electrochemical biosensors screened from Web of Science with the combination of Scimago Graphica and Microsoft Excel for visualization to show the current research hotspots and future trends. The results show that the research in this field started in 2008 and experienced an emerging period in recent years. Researchers from China and the United States mainly contributed to the thriving research areas, with 41 and 29 articles published, respectively. Joseph Wang from the University of California San Diego is the most influential author in the field, and Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the journal with the most published research and the most cited journal. The highest appearance keywords were “biosensor” and “tear glucose,” while the most recent booming keywords “diagnosis” and “in-vivo” were. In conclusion, this study elucidates current trends, hotspots, and emerging frontiers, and provides future biomarkers of ocular and systemic diseases by electrochemical sensors in tear with new ideas and opinions.
The efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy treatment for advanced esophageal cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Jian-Zhou , Zhang Li , Lin Fu-Yong , He Ren-Jiao , Tian Wen-Rong , Yan Liu , Huang Guo-Xin , Ai Jin-Wei , Pei Bin , Li De-Sheng
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study systematically evaluated the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer (EC).

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify related randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Results

Seven RCTs involving 4,363 participants were included. The results of the direct comparison showed that, compared with chemotherapy alone, PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.63–0.74), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.58–0.67), objective response rate (ORR) (RR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.28–1.57), but were associated with a slight increase in treatment-related adverse events (AEs) (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.03–1.14). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that toripalimab, sintilimab or camrelizumab, and nivolumab combined with chemotherapy were the best in OS, PFS, and ORR, respectively, with camrelizumab showing the lowest incidence of AEs.

Conclusion

These results suggest that PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy provide superior clinical benefits over chemotherapy alone, albeit with a moderate increase in AEs. However, further verification through multi-center, high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024627485.
Predictive model for assessing the prognosis of rhabdomyolysis patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Xiong Yaxin , Shi Hongyu , Wang Jianpeng , Gu Quankuan , Song Yu , Kong Weilan , Lyu Jun , Zhao Mingyan , Meng Xianglin
Published: January 2025

Background

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) frequently gives rise to diverse complications, ultimately leading to an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Consequently, there is a pressing need for early prediction of survival rates among RM patients, yet reliable and effective predictive models are currently scarce.

Methods

All data utilized in this study were sourced from the MIMIC-IV database. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted on the data, and the performance of the new model was evaluated based on the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, the clinical utility of the predictive model was assessed through decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 725 RM patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the analysis, comprising 507 patients in the training cohort and 218 patients in the testing cohort. For the development of the predictive model, 37 variables were carefully selected. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that age, phosphate max, RR mean, and SOFA score were independent predictors of survival outcomes in RM patients. In the training cohort, the AUCs of the new model for predicting 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day survival rates were 0.818 (95% CI: 0.766–0.871), 0.810 (95% CI: 0.761–0.855), and 0.819 (95% CI: 0.773–0.864), respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUCs of the new model for predicting 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day survival rates were 0.840 (95% CI: 0.772–0.900), 0.842 (95% CI: 0.780–0.899), and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.779–0.897), respectively.

Conclusion

This study identified crucial demographic factors, vital signs, and laboratory parameters associated with RM patient prognosis and utilized them to develop a more accurate and convenient prognostic prediction model for assessing 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day survival rates.

Implications for clinical practice

This study specifically targets patients with RM admitted to ICU and presents a novel clinical prediction model that surpasses the conventional SOFA score. By integrating specific prognostic indicators tailored to RM, the model significantly enhances prediction accuracy, thereby enabling a more targeted and effective approach to managing RM patients.
Comparison of good review practices of seven countries participating in the ECOWAS medicines regulatory harmonisation initiative: identifying opportunities for improvement
Authors: Owusu-Asante Mercy , Darko Delese Mimi , Seaneke Seth , Nacoulma Aminata , Traore Oula Ibrahim Olivier , Adeyeye Christianah Mojisola , Akinyemi Abayomi , Assane Coulibaly , Clamoungou Clarisse Épse Kaul Meledje , Ndao Oumy Kalsoum , Kande Rokhaya Ndiaye , Komeh James , Mansaray Sheku , Lamboni Dalkoi , Agba Maheza , Walker Stuart , Salek Sam
Published: January 2025

Introduction

When implemented by national and regional regulatory agencies good review practices (GRevPs) support the timely high-quality review of medicines for enhanced patients’ availability to safe, quality and efficacious innovative and generic products. It is important that all aspects of GRevPs are continuously evaluated and updated to promote the continuous improvement of regulatory systems at national and regional levels. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the GRevPs of the national medicines regulatory agencies (NMRAs) of Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, who are active participants of the ECOWASMRH initiative to identify opportunities for improvement.

Methods

The Optimising Efficiencies in Regulatory Agencies questionnaire, was completed by each of the NMRAs, which facilitates the assessment of GRevPs, which in turn affect the regulatory review processes.

Results

Except for Cote d’Ivoire and Nigeria which are autonomous, the other five NMRAs operate within the administrative structure of their respective Health Ministry, to regulate medical products for human use, medical devices and diagnostics. Apart from Togo, the agencies receive partial funding from their governments as well as from regulatory fees. Population in the seven countries ranges from 8.6 million to 211.4 million. All the NMRAs had measures in place to achieve quality in their review processes, although there were some remaining initiatives related to transparency and communication, continuous improvement and training and education, to be implemented. Of the ten quality decision-making practices Ghana had implemented nine into a framework, Togo eight, Cote d’Ivoire seven, Nigeria six, and Burkina Faso five; while Sierra Leone has partially implemented all ten and Senegal had not implemented any of the quality decision-making practices.

Conclusion

The study compared the organisation, GRevPs and quality decision-making processes of the NMRAs that actively participate in the ECOWAS-MRH initiative. Though some differences were identified with regard to organisation, a significant number of good review practice initiatives and quality decision-making practices were identified yet to be implemented to promote continuous improvement in the regulatory processes of the NMRAs.
Global, regional, national epidemiology and trends of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Luo Yuanrong , Qiao Lichun , Li Miaoqian , Wen Xinyue , Zhang Wenbin , Li Xianwen
Published: January 2025

Aims

In light of the escalating global incidence of Parkinson’s disease and the dearth of therapeutic interventions that can alter the disease’s course, there exists an urgent necessity to comprehensively elucidate and quantify the disease’s global burden.

Methods

This study analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Parkinson’s disease at global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) analysis was used to predict the burden in Parkinson’s disease from 2022 to 2035.

Results

In 2021, 11.77 million people worldwide had Parkinson’s disease. Age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs increased to 15.63/100,000, 138.63/100,000, and 89.59/100,000. The burden of Parkinson’s disease were higher in males than in females, and showed an increase and then a slight decrease with age. The disease burden was highest in East Asia. BAPC projection showed an increase in all metrics by 2035 except for a slight decrease in the age-standardized DALYs rates.

Conclusion

The global burden of Parkinson’s disease has risen over the past 32 years, and there is a need to focus on key populations, as well as to improve health policies to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease.
Study protocol for a nested process evaluation of a complex discharge planning intervention (HOME Rehab) to improve participation after first-stroke
Authors: Reeder Sandra , Stanley Mandy , Jolliffe Laura J. , Lannin Natasha A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability, and the transition from hospital to home can be fraught with challenges. The HOME Rehab trial is designed to address if better health outcomes for stroke survivors can be achieved with a contextually relevant and tailored occupational therapy discharge planning and support intervention. Process evaluations inform clinical trial findings and future scale up, as well as how to implement a successful intervention effectively into policy and practice. This paper describes the protocol we are using in the HOME Rehab process evaluation planning and activities.

Methods

Using a theoretically informed approach, mixed methods are being used to collect data and address all aspects of the RE-AIM framework. Quantitative data will comprise clinician surveys, trial logs and fidelity checklists as well as screening and recruitment numbers. Semi-structured interviews with trial participants and carers and focus groups with occupational therapists will provide qualitative data. A concurrent triangulation approach will be taken to draw on the strengths of multiple methods to cross-validate findings. The RE-AIM framework will be used to interpret the qualitative and quantitative data together as well as highlight areas of convergence or divergence in the findings. Multiple data sources will be integrated to refine the interpretation of outcomes, understand the context of program delivery, and identify key findings. Drawing on, and integrating data from, multiple perspectives and methods will strengthen the overall findings and provided detailed insights into the causal mechanisms as well as the contextual factors that may influence intervention outcomes.

Discussion

Process evaluations can optimize study outcomes by improving how a complex intervention is implemented, informing the actions of policymakers and clinicians. For the HOME Rehab intervention, the process evaluation may provide valuable data necessary to explain the trial findings, as well as inform future scale-up and implementation if the HOME Rehab intervention is shown to be effective.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.anzctr.org.au, identifier ACTRN12618001360202.
A case of relapsed gAChR-positive autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy treated by plasma exchange and mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Lu Zhijie , Cao Xiaojie , Wang Mingyu , Peng Fang , Chen Lin , Yin Zegang , Zheng Baiyang , Fan Jin , Zhang Mingjie
Published: January 2025

Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a rare and acquired immune-mediated disease that leads to wide autonomic failure, mainly characterized by orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal dysfunction, anhidrosis and poorly reactive pupils. This disorder is usually associated with autoantibodies to the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR-Ab). In this study, we describe a case of a gAChR-Ab-positive AAG patient with two therapeutic stages. The patient responded well after the first stage of methylprednisolone pulse therapy and subsequent low-dose prednisone. However, AAG relapsed after stopping oral prednisone. In the second stage, repeated methylprednisolone pulse therapy was less effective than before. Fortunately, multiple plasma exchange treatments improved the patient’s symptoms. In the end, low-dose oral prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil provided significant improvement in this patient during long-term follow-up. AAG is a relatively rare neuroimmunological disease with insidious onset and confused clinical features, while it responds well to the conventional immunotherapy, and some patients may require a long-term immunotherapy. Emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment in clinical practice. Moreover, it should be noted that the reduction and withdrawal of immunosuppressants should be slow and cautious.
The current state of knowledge on the role of NKG2D ligands in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases
Authors: Pogoda-Wesołowska Aleksandra , Sługocka Nina , Synowiec Agnieszka , Brodaczewska Klaudia , Mejer-Zahorowski Marcin , Ziękiewicz Maciej , Szypowski Wojciech , Szymański Piotr , Stępień Adam
Published: January 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease with demyelinating inflammatory characteristics. It is the most common nontraumatic and disabling disease affecting young adults. The incidence and prevalence of MS have been increasing. However, its exact cause remains unclear. The main tests used to support the diagnosis are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Nonetheless, to date, no sensitive or specific marker has been identified for the detection of the disease at its initial stage. In recent years, researchers have focused on the fact that the number of natural killer cell group 2 member D (NKG2D) family of C-type lectin-like receptor + (NKG2D+) T cells in the peripheral blood, CSF, and brain tissue has been shown to be higher in patients with MS than in controls. The activating receptor belonging to the NKG2D is stimulated by specific ligands: in humans these are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide–related sequence A (MICA) and MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B (MICB) proteins and UL16 binding 1–6 proteins (ULBP1-6). Under physiological conditions, the aforementioned ligands are expressed at low or undetectable levels but can be induced in response to stress factors. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are involved in epigenetic regulation of their expression. To date, studies in cell cultures, animal models, and brain tissues have revealed elevated expression of MICA/B, ULPB4, and its mouse homolog murine UL16 binding protein-like transcript (MULT1), in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes from patients with MS. Furthermore, soluble forms of NKG2DLs were elevated in the plasma and CSF of patients with MS compared to controls. In this review, we aim to describe the role of NKG2D and NKG2DLs, and their interactions in the pathogenesis of MS, as well as in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and celiac disease (CeD). We also assess the potential of these proteins as diagnostic markers and consider future perspectives for targeting NKG2D ligands and their pathways as therapeutic targets in MS.
The association between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis: a NHANES cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Cai Shaoming , Chen Yuzhen , Peng Zijing , Jian Huanling , Zhang Zhihai , Huang Hongxing
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in bone metabolism through their influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and the regulation of bone turnover markers. However, epidemiological evidence linking omega-3 intake to the risk of developing osteoporosis is still emerging and remains inconclusive. This study aims to clarify the role of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of osteoporosis.

Methods

We analyzed data from 8,889 participants categorized into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on their BMD scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Dietary omega-3 intake was quantified and divided into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and osteoporosis. The dose–response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS).

Results

Higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids was inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Participants in the highest quartile of omega-3 intake had a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93) compared to those in the lowest quartile, with a consistent trend across all adjusted models (p for trend <0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in individuals under 60 years of age, female and non-smokers. In individuals aged under 60, higher omega-3 intake was associated with significantly reduced osteoporosis risk (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.26–0.95), females showed a protective effect of high omega-3 intake against osteoporosis (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49–0.87). Among non-smokers, higher omega-3 intake was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90), whereas in smokers, the association was not evident (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.55–1.52). No significant associations were found in older participants or smokers. Intake of omega-3 and osteoporosis were linearly related (p for nonlinear = 0.366).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant inverse relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and osteoporosis risk, suggesting omega-3 s play a crucial role in bone health. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine dietary recommendations for osteoporosis prevention.
Case report: Malignant priapism: penile metastasis from prostate cancer with low serum PSA level
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Xu Mengfan , Shang Muhan , Liu Zhiqi , Yang Lei , Yu Dexin
Published: January 2025

Background

Penile metastasis originating from prostate cancer is an extremely rare condition, typically associated with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic approaches are not well established and may require individualized adaptation based on clinical assessment. Radiotherapy is commonly utilized to alleviate symptoms. For patients presenting with priapism, palliative penectomy is often recommended.

Case presentation

This report describes a case of penile metastasis from prostate cancer in a 74-year-old man who presented with priapism. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging identified metastases in the penis, along with multiple metastatic sites in the lungs, left iliac vascular lymph nodes, abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes, and bones. A palliative penectomy was performed to relieve symptoms, and postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of penile metastasis originating from prostate cancer. Following the penectomy, the patient received ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) along with androgen receptor antagonists (enzalutamide).

Conclusions

Penile metastasis from prostate cancer is a rare condition and is often initially misdiagnosed due to the presentation of occult malignancy. This case highlights the need for clinicians to enhance their understanding and diagnostic accuracy regarding penile metastases. Imaging techniques such as Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT) can detect prostate cancer lesions even at low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, thereby improving diagnostic precision for prostate cancer.
Harnessing machine learning to predict prostate cancer survival: a review
Authors: Bang Sungun , Ahn Young Jin , Koo Kyo Chul
Published: January 2025

The prediction of survival outcomes is a key factor in making decisions for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. Advances in computer-based technologies have increased the role of machine learning (ML) methods in predicting cancer prognosis. Due to the various effective treatments available for each non-linear landscape of PCa, the integration of ML can help offer tailored treatment strategies and precision medicine approaches, thus improving survival in patients with PCa. There has been an upsurge of studies utilizing ML to predict the survival of these patients using complex datasets, including patient and tumor features, radiographic data, and population-based databases. This review aims to explore the evolving role of ML in predicting survival outcomes associated with PCa. Specifically, we will focus on the applications of ML in forecasting biochemical recurrence-free, progression to castration-resistance-free, metastasis-free, and overall survivals. Additionally, we will suggest areas in need of further research in the future to enhance the utility of ML for a more clinically-utilizable PCa prognosis prediction and treatment optimization.
Multiomic analysis of lactylation and mitochondria-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma identified MRPL3 as a new prognostic biomarker
Authors: Xing Wenya , Zhou Yuanzi , Long Qiuzi , Yi Nan , Wang Gaoyuan , Shi Rongwei , Huang Jinlong , Yin Xindong , Zhu Taiyang , Cao Shibing
Published: January 2025

Background

Recent research has highlighted lactate’s crucial role in epigenetic regulation, particularly by influencing histone modifications that drive the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While mitochondria are known to regulate tumor behavior, the interaction between lactate metabolism and mitochondrial function in cancer tissues remains underexplored. Understanding this relationship may provide deeper insights into tumor metabolic reprogramming and reveal novel therapeutic targets for HCC and other malignancies.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive screening of lactylation- and mitochondria-associated genes (LMRGs) in HCC patients, followed by clustering based on these genes. Prognostic outcomes and pathway enrichment were analyzed across the identified clusters. Additionally, we developed a prognostic model based on LMRGs, examining its implications for survival, immune response, and drug sensitivity. In vitro experiments were performed to validate the expression patterns and functional role of MRPL3 in HCC.

Results

We developed a prognostic model, named the LMRG model, incorporating three key genes: ACACA, MRPL3, and MRPS23. This model revealed significant differences in survival outcomes, immune responses, and drug sensitivity between patients with high and low LMRG scores. MRPL3 was found to be overexpressed in HCC, playing a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. These results were further validated through in vitro experiments, confirming MRPL3’s role in HCC cell proliferation and invasion.

Conclusion

We created a predictive model, LMRG, and identified MRPL3 as a key biomarker. Our findings suggest that MRPL3 has significant potential as a reliable predictive biomarker for clinical applications in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in pediatric patients in Punjab, Pakistan: point prevalence surveys using AWaRe guidance
Authors: Sheikh Samia , Saleem Zikria , Afzal Shairyar , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Raza Ali Abuzar , Haider Naqvi Syed Zeeshan , Al-Rawi Mahmood Basil A. , Godman Brian
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Surveillance of antibiotic use is crucial for identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs), particularly in pediatric populations within countries like Pakistan, where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is escalating. This point prevalence survey (PPS) seeks to assess the patterns of antibiotic use in pediatric patients across Punjab, Pakistan, employing the WHO AWaRe classification to pinpoint targets for intervention and encourage rational antibiotic usage.

Methods

A PPS was conducted across 23 pediatric wards of 14 hospitals in the Punjab Province of Pakistan using the standardized Global-PPS methodology developed by the University of Antwerp. The study included all pediatric inpatients receiving antibiotics at the time of the survey, categorizing antibiotic prescriptions according to the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and the AWaRe classification system.

Results

Out of 498 pediatric patients, 409 were receiving antibiotics, representing an antibiotic use prevalence of 82.1%. A substantial majority (72.1%) of the prescribed antibiotics fell under the WHO's Watch category, with 25.7% in the Access category and 2.2% in the Reserve group. The predominant diagnoses were respiratory infections, notably pneumonia (32.4%). The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone (37.2%) and Vancomycin (13.5%). Only 2% of antibiotic uses were supported by culture sensitivity reports, highlighting a reliance on empirical therapy.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of antibiotic use, particularly from the Watch category, and low adherence to culture-based prescriptions underscore the critical need for robust antibiotic stewardship programs in Pakistan. Strengthening these programs could help mitigate AMR and optimize antibiotic use, aligning with global health objectives.
Aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and renal artery stenosis in a patient with neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Lertkovit Oranooj , Isaranimitkul Daranee , Pornrattanarungsri Suwanna , Sirimongkolchaiyakul Ornatcha , Tangcheewinsirikul Sirikarn , Saengrat Pichada
Published: January 2025

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N) is a rare condition thought to be associated with prenatal exposure to maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This immune-mediated hyperinflammation has been described in neonates with multiorgan dysfunction, including cardiopulmonary, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and vascular complications. However, renovascular complications in MIS-N are rare. Here, we present a case with aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and renovascular stenosis in MIS-N.

Case presentation

A 2-day-old, full-term, male neonate presented with fever, respiratory failure, hypotensive shock, and elevated inflammatory markers. He was transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit for comprehensive monitoring and treated with antibiotics for early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, his clinical condition deteriorated. His mother reported a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during the late second trimester. He was diagnosed with MIS-N based on the fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria for multiorgan involvement and laboratory findings. He responded to intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and aspirin. However, he later developed significant hypertension, which was associated with aortoiliac arterial thrombosis and right renal artery stenosis. An elevated ferritin level was observed. The ongoing inflammatory condition was considered, and corticosteroids were restarted along with treatment for documented thrombosis using enoxaparin and aspirin. After treatment, partial resolution of aortoiliac arterial thrombus was observed. However, narrowing of the proximal part of right renal artery persisted, and blood pressure remained difficult to control, requiring multiple antihypertensive agents. Finally, the patient underwent percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty to control hypertension.

Conclusion

Our case revealed the clinical course of MIS-N with renovascular complications. The condition's hyperinflammatory state may have played a pathophysiological role in the development of this life-threatening complication. Although there is an increased risk of bleeding in MIS-N, thromboprophylaxis should be considered in high-risk patients. An early multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure prompt diagnosis and improve outcomes.
Assembly of ceria-Nrf2 nanoparticles as macrophage-targeting ROS scavengers protects against myocardial infarction
Authors: Liao Wenjing , Lin Jinduan , Wang Wenli , Zhang Ming , Chen Yanfang , Li Xin , Liu Huan , Wang Pan Xia , Zhao Guojun , Fu Jijun , Wu Xiaoqian
Published: January 2025

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and mitigating oxidative stress is crucial in managing MI. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in combating oxidative stress and facilitating cardiac remodeling post-MI. Here, we engineered Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle-guided assemblies of ceria/Nrf2 nanocomposites to deliver Nrf2 plasmids. The CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites effectively activated the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse MI model induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites were administered via tail vein injection, predominantly targeting circulating monocytes and macrophages which will be recruited to the heart post MI due to the acute inflammatory response. We demonstrated that CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites alleviated cardiac systolic dysfunction and significantly reduced infarct size and scar fibrosis post-MI. Furthermore, CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites effectively mitigated MI-induced oxidative stress and downregulated Nrf2-regulated inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase), thereby reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These findings indicate that CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites significantly enhance Nrf2 signaling activation and confer protection against MI. This study identifies CeO2/Nrf2 nanocomposites as a promising strategy for post-MI therapy.
SEGS-1 episomes generated during cassava mosaic disease enhance disease severity
Authors: Chiunga Evangelista , Aimone Catherine D. , Rajabu Cyprian , Dallas Mary M. , Ndunguru Joseph , Ascencio-Ibáñez José T. , Ateka Elijah M. , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda
Published: January 2025

Cassava is an important root crop that is produced by smallholder farmers across Sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is caused by a group of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs), is one of the most devastating diseases of cassava. A previous study showed that SEGS-1 (sequences enhancing geminivirus symptoms), which occur both in the cassava genome and as episomes during CMD, can increase CMD disease severity and overcome host resistance. In this report, we examined the effects of exogenously applied SEGS-1 on the incidence of CMB infection, symptom severity, and viral DNA copy number in five cassava cultivars that ranged from highly susceptible to highly resistant to CMD. These studies revealed that the effect of SEGS-1 is cultivar dependent. Susceptible cultivars developed severe CMD with or without exogenous SEGS-1, while exogenous SEGS-1 increased disease severity in cultivars carrying CMD2 resistance, which is conferred by a single locus, but not CMD1 resistance, which is polygenic. Analysis of infected plants in the absence of exogenous SEGS-1 revealed that some, but not all, cultivars form SEGS-1 episomes during CMD. The presence of endogenous SEGS-1 episomes in TME14, a CMD2 resistant cultivar, correlated with CMD severity. In contrast, TME3, a closely related CMD2 cultivar, did not produce endogenous SEGS-1 episomes and was more resistance than TME14. The different capacities of TME3 and TME14 to form SEGS-1 episomes is unlikely due to sequence differences in and around their genomic SEGS-1 loci. The functional regions of SEGS-1 were mapped using TME3 to sequences flanking the episome junction, but the junction itself was not required for activity. All cassava cultivars have SEGS-1 sequences in their genomes that have the potential to negatively impact the development of stable CMD resistance by cassava breeding programs.
Geographical variation in metabolite profiles and bioactivity of Thesium chinense Turcz. revealed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Guanglei , Wang Cong , Xu Haonan , Che Ke , Sun Tingting , Yao Qisheng , Xiong Youyi , Zhou Niannian , Chen Mengyuan , Yu Hao , Chen Hao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aims to investigate the impact of geographical origin on the metabolite composition and bioactivity of Thesium chinense Turcz. (TCT), a member of the Apiaceae family renowned for its wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the whole plants of TCT from different regions in China, aiming to explore the geographical variation of TCT.

Methods

A non-targeted metabolomics approach was employed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized to identify and differentiate the metabolite profiles. We investigated the bioactivity, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), and the content of characteristic compounds from TCT sourced from different regions. This aims to further explore the metabolic differences and quality characteristics of TCT from various origins.

Results

PCA and PLS-DA analyses indicated that samples from different origins could be clearly distinguished. The analysis revealed 54 differential metabolites, predominantly flavonoids and alkaloids. KEGG pathway analysis indicated significant variations in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids and flavanols among the samples. TCT from Anhui province exhibited the highest TFC and strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while samples from Jilin province showed the lowest.

Discussion

A strong correlation was observed between metabolite content and geographical origins, suggesting that the bioactivity of TCT is significantly influenced by its provenance. Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of TCT were validated, showing a strong predictive relationship with TFC. This research highlights the potential of metabolomics in discerning the subtleties of plant metabolomes, contributing to the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine and its integration into modern healthcare practices.
Expression of kiwifruit-derived actinidin in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Kang Ji Hyun , Lee Jae-Ho , Lee Dong Wook
Published: January 2025

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)-derived actinidin, a cysteine protease, is renowned for its meat-tenderizing and milk-clotting activities. Despite its potential in various biotechnological applications, an efficient expression platform for actinidin production has not yet been developed. Instead, actinidin has traditionally been purified directly from the fruits of various plants. This study aimed to produce kiwifruit-derived actinidin in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The expressed actinidin was directed to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) signal sequence and an ER retention signal. To facilitate cost-effective purification, the family 3 cellulose-binding module (CBM3) was employed as an affinity tag, along with microcrystalline cellulose beads that bind efficiently to CBM3. A significant portion of the expressed actinidin was recovered in the soluble fraction without proteolytic degradation. The purified actinidin exhibited β-casein-degrading activity, with optimal efficiency observed at 55°C and pH 7.0. These results establish a promising plant-based platform for the efficient production and functional application of kiwifruit-derived actinidin in diverse biotechnological processes.
Facilitating children’s communication in problem-solving activities with a coding toy: teachers’ semiotic mediation in early childhood education and care
Authors: Granone Francesca , Pollarolo Enrico
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of teacher mediation in facilitating children’s communication during problem-solving, play-based coding activities with Kubo, a screen-free coding toy, in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings. Following an initial observation involving nine kindergarten teachers and 36 children, a workshop was held to identify elements that teachers considered relevant for facilitating children’s use of verbal and non-verbal communication. Key mediation elements, such as multimodal communication, planning, time, humor, and reflective questioning, were identified during the workshop and applied in a subsequent observation with the same participants. The findings reveal that these mediation strategies facilitated children’s communication and participation in the activity using a multimodal approach to support their problem-solving process. Teacher mediation facilitated children’s ability to articulate their thought processes, fostering a communicative and reflective learning environment. This study underscores the importance of various elements in teachers’ semiotic mediation and identifies specific strategies that show promise for engaging all children.
Comparing a new visuospatial intervention administered 3 days after a trauma film to reduce the occurrence of intrusive visual memories: a single-center randomized, controlled trial in healthy participants
Authors: Matura Jan-Martin , Kessler Henrik , Holmes Emily A. , Timmesfeld Nina , Tokic Marianne C. , Axmacher Nikolai , Blackwell Simon E. , Schmidt Anna-Christine , Schweer Johanna M. , Hippert Charlotte , Apel Lukas , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Herpertz Stephan , Kehyayan Aram
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Intrusive memories occur frequently after potentially traumatic events and form a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if they persist. The translational approach of visuospatial interventions tries to target those intrusive memories in order to reduce their frequency predominantly using an intervention including as one component the computer game Tetris. Despite promising results, the application of Tetris has critical drawbacks, e.g., potential commercial or copyright issues. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether it is this specific game or, as predicted by theory, a visuospatial task per se that leads to the effect. This study hence aims to compare the effect of Tetris with an alternative, bespoke visuospatial task: Mobilum developed for the current purpose.

Methods

N = 120 healthy participants watched a trauma film and recorded their intrusive memories in a diary for 6 days. Three days after watching the film, they were randomized to 3 groups and after memory reactivation cue received either Tetris or Mobilum or Control (no task). Prior to intervention 8 participants reported zero intrusive memories to the film and were excluded from further analyses, therefore 112 participants were included in the analysis.

Results

A mixed Poisson regression model revealed that the Mobilum group had significantly less frequent intrusive memories after the intervention compared to the control condition (approximately 43%, p = 0.0013). There was no significant difference for the Tetris group compared to Control (17% less frequent, p = 0.3798).

Discussion

Our results suggest that visuospatial tasks other than Tetris—in this case, Mobilum—can also lead to a reduction in intrusive memories when administered 3 days after a trauma film. This strengthens the assumption that it is not specifically the game Tetris, but rather the visuospatial nature of the task, that is responsible for the reduction. Aspects of further investigating the potential of Mobilum as well as clinical implications are discussed.
The effects of personality traits on learning engagement among college students: the mediating role of emotion regulation
Authors: Dang Tongtong , Du Wenxiu , Niu Menghui , Xu Zhenguo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

As we all know, learning engagement is a key indicator for measuring the quality of students’ learning outcome and assessing their learning effectiveness. However, the relationship among personality traits, emotion regulation, and learning engagement has not been thoroughly studied.

Methods

This study aims to investigate the relationship among personality traits, emotion regulation and learning engagement. A questionnaire survey was conducted on some college students in Shandong Province, China.

Results

The results show that: (1) there are no significant differences in Big Five Personality Traits, learning engagement, and emotion regulation by gender, grade level, and subject category to which the major belongs. (2) The personality traits of college students can directly affect learning engagement. (3) Emotion regulation partially mediates the relationship between personality traits and learning engagement.

Discussion

The study reveals the importance of personality traits and emotion regulation on students’ learning. It has a significant meaning in enhancing students’ learning engagement level.
Empowerment in structures. Practical-ethical considerations of the preconditions for technology-assisted dementia care in Germany based on an expert-interview study
Authors: Welsch Johannes , Schicktanz Silke
Published: January 2025

Background

Intelligent assistive technologies (IAT) have become more common in dementia care. Ethical reflection on technology-assisted dementia care (TADC) has focused so far mainly on individual and interpersonal implications (e.g., self-determination, (in)dependence, safety or privacy issues, caregivers’ support and cost-efficiency). From an empowerment-sensitive perspective, however, the societal, political, economic and technological preconditions for TADC should be more deeply analyzed in terms of their accelerating or inhibiting effects on technology development, implementation and usage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore these preconditions in the German context and so to contribute to more empowerment-sensitive structures.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 German-speaking experts from health care, health policy and the fields contributing to IAT (e.g., computer science, engineering). Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings

The experts’ assessments of the current preconditions for TADC in Germany were starkly ambivalent. In the field of „society”, they identified digitalization, a change in mentality towards IAT and demographic change as accelerators, unequally distributed digital literacy, misleading perceptions and a lack of affinity as inhibitors. In the field “politics - regulation - economy”, experts identified scarcity of public resources, growing private wealth and regulatory progress as accelerators and unclear financing options, an uncertain market, data protection and ethical challenges as inhibitors. In the field “technology”, they identified progress in basic technical research and improved customizability and interconnectivity as accelerators, while deficient digital infrastructure, a lack of user participation, dementia-specific challenges and challenges regarding data collection and security were seen as inhibitors.

Conclusions

TADC promises an empowerment of persons with dementia, e.g. by enhancing their self-determination, increasing their independence from social control and by allowing more social participation. Yet its societal, political, economic and technological environments preconfigure the likelihood of successful empowerment as a socio-technical practice within TADC. Accelerators in the fields of society, politics-regulation-economy and technology need to be consolidated and strengthened. Inhibitors need to be mitigated, e.g. by with new educational, political and market economic policies. We make policy recommendations based on these conclusions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of combined aripiprazole on glycolipid metabolism in schizophrenia
Authors: Wei Tianbao , Jiang Limei , Zhang Ruilin , Su Hang , Sun Zhenjie , Sun Junwei
Published: January 2025

Background

Current research on aripiprazole adjunct therapy suggests potential benefits in improving psychiatric symptoms and metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia. However, the evidence remains limited due to the scarcity of research and a lack of detailed analysis on glucose and lipid metabolism indicators. This study aims to systematically review and analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of aripiprazole combination therapy on both psychiatric symptoms and glycolipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of aripiprazole combination therapy on glycolipid metabolism and clinical symptoms.

Results

Adjuvant treatment with aripiprazole reduced blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels in patients with schizophrenia, but had no significant effect on HDL levels. In addition, the study results showed a significant improvement in metabolic parameters at short-term (≤ 8 weeks) and dosing doses >15 mg. However, aripiprazole adjuvant therapy may lead to worsening of clinical symptoms, so caution is required when using it clinically.

Conclusions

Aripiprazole adjunct therapy shows potential benefits in improving both psychiatric symptoms and metabolic parameters, but more comprehensive research is needed to solidify these findings, particularly regarding glycolipid metabolism indicators.