bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Chin Oliver Y. , Ghosh Ritam , Fang Christina H. , Baredes Soly , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) is a known and feared complication of paranasal sinus and skull base procedures. These ICA injuries can result in stroke, cranial nerve palsies, and death. This review examines the setting of injury along with the treatment approaches, and patient outcomes.

Study Design

Systematic review using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Methods

The databases were searched for articles reporting cases of ICA injury during EES. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, operative approach, preoperative diagnosis, setting of injury, repair method, imaging studies, patient outcomes, and follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐five articles with 50 cases were included in this review. The EES approach was used for skull base procedures in 34 cases and for inflammatory disease in 16 cases. The most commonly injured ICA segment was the cavernous (34 cases), followed by the ophthalmic (three cases). Injuries occurred more commonly on the left (1.3:1). Injury occurred in the setting of various steps during EES with instruments. Stereotactic image guidance was reported in two cases. Initial hemostasis was achieved with packing in 35 cases, endoscopic clip sacrifice in four cases, bipolar coagulation with the intent to seal defect in three cases, and bipolar coagulation with the intent to sacrifice the ICA in one case. Intraoperative or immediate postoperative angiography was reported in 27 cases.

Conclusions

The incidence of reported cases of ICA injury during EES remains low. Left‐sided injuries to the cavernous segment of the ICA occurred more frequently than injuries on the right.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:582–590, 2016
Detecting carbon uptake and cellular allocation by individual algae in multispecies assemblages
Authors: Murdock Justin N.
Published: November 2015

Algal species vary in carbon (C) need and uptake rates. Understanding differences in C uptake and cellular allocation among species from natural communities will bring new insight into many ecosystem process questions including how species changes will alter energy availability and C sequestration in aquatic ecosystems. A major limitation of current methods that measure algal C incorporation is the inability to separate the response of individual species from mixed‐species assemblages. I used Fourier‐transform infrared microspectroscopy to qualitatively measure inorganic 13C isotope incorporation into individual algal cells in single species, two species, and natural phytoplankton assemblages. Lateral shifts in spectral peaks from 13C treatments were observed in all species. Comparison of peaks associated with carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids allowed for the detection of which individuals took in C, and which macromolecules the C was used to make. For example, shifts in Spirogyra spectral peaks showed substantial C incorporation in carbohydrates. Further, shifts in peaks at 1160 cm−1, 1108 cm−1, 1080 cm−1, 1048 cm−1, and 1030 cm−1 suggested C was being allocated into cellulose. The natural phytoplankton assemblage demonstrated how C could be tracked into co‐occurring species. A diatom had large shifts in protein and carbohydrate peaks, while a green alga and euglenoid had only a few shifts in protein related peaks. Fourier‐transform infrared microspectroscopy is an established, label free method for measuring the chemical composition of algal cells. However, adding a label such as 13C isotope can greatly expand the technique's capabilities by qualitatively tracking C movement between inorganic and organic states within single cells.
Thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the free flap donor sites: A histologic study
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Hun , Kim Dae Joong
Published: November 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare the thickness of skin and hypodermis of the free flap donor sites.

Methods

In 12 cadavers, specimens were harvested from donor sites of radial forearm flap (RF), anterolateral thigh flap (ALT), thoracodorsal perforator flap (TD), and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP). Tissues were stained with Masson‐trichrome.

Results

The thickness of the epidermis ranged 32–42 μm according to the donor sites. The thickness of the dermis ranged 949–1,350 μm. The dermis of the TD (2,152 ± 575 μm) was the thickest. The thickness of the hypodermis ranged 1,913–7,105 μm. The hypodermis of the DIEP (7,105 ± 4,543 μm) was the thickest followed by the ALT (6,012 ± 4,092 μm) and TD (4,688 ± 1,905 μm). The dermis (949 ± 311 μm) and the hypodermis (1,913 ± 1,066 μm) of the RF were the thinnest. As the thickness of the dermis increased, the thickness of the hypodermis also increased.

Conclusion

Thin hypodermis was found in radial forearm flap and thoracodorsal perforator flap donor sites, which may be used for reconstruction of thin defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:54–58, 2016.
Defining Known Drug Space Using DFT
Authors: Matuszek Anna M. , Reynisson Jóhannes
Published: November 2015

A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on a collection of clinically approved drugs, or Known Drug Space (KDS), to determine the statistical distribution of four properties: dipole moment (DM), polarisability (POL), ionisation potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA). The DM and POL are linked to cell permeability of drugs whereas IP and EA reflect their redox stability thus ease of metabolism. A benchmarking exercise showed a good correlation between experimental values and their predicted counterparts. It was found that KDS occupies the volume of chemical space defined by: DM≤10 D, POL≤68 Å3, IP 6.0–9.0 V and EA−1.5–2.0 eV. Only 16 % of the drugs are outside one or more of these parameters. Three categories based on known oral absorption and bioavailability (low/medium/high) were established and compared. Predominately, drugs designated as ‘low’ were found outside the established parameters. The properties were compared with mainstream molecular descriptors and a strong correlation was seen for POL to MW (r2=0.899), which can explain the success of the latter since POL reflects the ability of molecules to interact with polar and non‐polar environments such as water and interior of a membrane.
Event‐Related Attributes Affecting Donation Intention of Special Event Attendees
Authors: Inoue Yuhei
Published: November 2015

The practice of increasing donations through special events has significant financial implications for charitable organizations. However, little is known about how such events can be organized to increase individuals’ donation intention beyond their event attendance. In this case study, a post‐event survey was conducted with attendees of a professional golf tournament operating as a special event to identify event‐related attributes that affected their intention to donate to the cause supported by the event. The results indicate that attendees’ donation intention was positively associated with their event satisfaction, perceived contributions of the event to the cause, and sense of camaraderie at the event. Furthermore, the effects of event satisfaction and camaraderie were stronger for attendees whose primary motivation for attending the event was unrelated to cause support. These results support hypotheses drawn from social exchange theory and provide implications for charitable organizations engaging in special events.
The Role of Bubo virginianus magellanicus as Rodent Bone Accumulator in Archaeological Sites: A Case Study for the Atuel River (Mendoza, Argentina)
Authors: Montalvo C. I. , Fernández F. J. , Tallade P. O.
Published: November 2015

Micromammalian bone assemblages from modern pellets of the strigiform Bubo virginianus magellanicus, from the upper Atuel River (southern Mendoza, Argentina), were taphonomically analysed. The results allow us to place B. v. magellanicus in the category of intermediate modification (Category 2). This sample has also been compared with results from other members of this genus, in order to classify B. v. magellanicus as a taphonomic agent. The participation of the Bubo species in archaeological accumulations has been documented, but in Argentina, the role of B. v. magellanicus has been reported up to the present. It is partly because of the sequence of one archaeological site in the south of Mendoza Province called Laguna El Sosneado‐3 (LS‐3). However, considering the absence of a current taphonomic model of this owl, this participation was mentioned as a hypothesis. In the current investigation, archaeological and modern samples have been compared. The results indicate that the skeletal element assemblages recovered from LS‐3 were accumulated by strigiform birds. Taphonomical evidence of light modifications on units I and IV indicates that Tyto alba (Category 1) was probably the main species involved in these units, whereas the taphonomical evidence on skeletal element assemblages recovered from units II and III suggests the action of a strigiform with a major category of modification such as B. v. magellanicus. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis 2: should a fetal exome be used in the assessment of a dysmorphic or malformed fetus?
Authors: Chitty Lyn S. , Friedman Jan M. , Langlois Sylvie
Published: November 2015

What's already known about this topic?

Whole‐exome sequencing is a comprehensive genetic test with a diagnostic yield of 25–30% in postnatal cohorts of undiagnosed patients suspected of having a genetic disorder.

Reports on the use of whole‐exome sequencing prenatally are limited to case reports and small series.

What does this study add?

This report summarizes an oral debate presented at the 19th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy in Washington, DC, USA on 14 July 2015.

The benefits, limitations and challenges of performing fetal exome sequencing to investigate a pregnancy presenting with a dysmorphic or malformed fetus are discussed.
Growth of 1‐eV GaNAsSb‐based photovoltaic cell on silicon substrate at different As/Ga beam equivalent pressure ratios
Authors: Leong Nelvin , Tan Kian Hua , Loke Wan Khai , Wicaksono Satrio , Li Daosheng , Yoon Soon Fatt , Sharma Prithu , Milakovich Tim , Bulsara Mayank , Fitzgerald Gene
Published: November 2015

We report the performance of 1‐eV GaNAsSb‐based photovoltaic samples grown on a Si substrate using molecular beam epitaxy at different As/Ga beam equivalent pressure (BEP) ratios. The light current–voltage curve and spectral response of the samples were measured. The sample grown at an As/Ga BEP ratio of 10 showed the highest energy conversion efficiency with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.529 V and a short circuit current density of 17.0 mA/cm2. This measured VOC is the highest ever reported value in GaNAsSb 1‐eV photovoltaic cell, resulting in the lowest ever reported Eg/q‐VOC of 0.50 eV. The increase in the As/Ga BEP ratio also resulted in an increase in the bandgap‐voltage offset value (Eg/q‐VOC) and a decrease in quantum efficiency up to As/Ga BEP ratio of 18. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of temperature on luminescent coupling and material quality evaluation in inverted lattice‐matched and metamorphic multi‐junction solar cells
Authors: Ochoa M. , Steiner M. A. , García I. , Geisz J. F. , Friedman D. J. , Algora C.
Published: November 2015

Inverted metamorphic multi‐junction solar cells have reached efficiencies close to 46%. These solar cells contain very high‐quality materials that exhibit strong luminescent coupling between the junctions. The presence of luminescent coupling has a significant impact on the behavior of multi‐junction solar cells affecting the optimal design of these devices. Because of the importance of studying devices under real operating conditions, the temperature dependence of the luminescent coupling is analyzed over a range of 25–120°C. Luminescent coupling analysis results show a reduction of the luminescent coupling current as a function of temperature in two tandem components of an inverted metamorphic triple junction solar cell such as GaInP/GaAs and GaAs/GaInAs solar cells. This reduction is quantified and examined by means of luminescent coupling analysis and modeling, electroluminescence measurements and optical modeling at the device and subcell level. The results of the models are verified and discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PEG–PLGA copolymers bearing carboxylated side chains: Novel hydrogels with enhanced crosslinking via ionic interactions
Authors: Buwalda Sytze J. , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier
Published: November 2015

Novel water‐soluble amphiphilic block copolymers with pendant carboxylic acid groups are synthesized and used for the preparation of ionically crosslinked hydrogels. d,l‐Lactide (DLLA) and l−3‐(2‐benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl‐1,4‐dioxane‐2,5‐dione (BED) are copolymerized at different ratios via organo‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization using a hydroxyl‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–OH) macroinitiator. Dynamic light‐scattering experiments show that, at low concentrations, aqueous solutions of these PEG‐P(BED‐DLLA) copolymers form micelles and aggregates. At higher concentrations, thermo‐sensitive gels are obtained, exhibiting a reversible gel‐to‐sol transition upon a temperature increase. Ionic interactions between the COOH groups and metal ions (Cu2+ or Ca2+) are shown to significantly shift the gel–sol transition to higher temperatures. Thus, the introduction of COOH groups significantly enhances the water solubility of the amphiphilic PEG–polyester copolymer and allows additional crosslinking interactions to form functionalized hydrogels with improved physical properties, making this new class of hydrogels interesting for various applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1222–1227
Temperature dependence of the convex solubility parameters of organic semiconductors
Authors: Howell Jason S. , Boucher David S.
Published: November 2015

Solubility parameter methods have also proven very useful in an array of theoretical and practical applications, particularly regarding the mutual solubility of polymers and organic semiconductors in bulk‐heterojunction composites. The temperature dependence of the solubility and miscibility of organic semiconductors offers a promising route for directing the organization of materials and composites toward optimal morphologies. Here, the convex solubility parameter (CSP) approach is used to investigate the temperature dependence of three organic semiconductors: PCBM, P3HT, and PCPDTBT. The CSPs and mutual solubility regions are computed at several temperatures between 25 °C and 140 °C, and the results are compared to those obtained from a traditional spherical‐fitting algorithm. In addition, the impact that constant and varying thermal expansion coefficients have on the computed solubility parameters across this temperature range is investigated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 81–88
Design, development and evaluation of a compact telerobotic catheter navigation system
Authors: Tavallaei Mohammad Ali , Gelman Daniel , Lavdas Michael Konstantine , Skanes Allan C. , Jones Douglas L. , Bax Jeffrey S. , Drangova Maria
Published: November 2015

Background

Remote catheter navigation systems protect interventionalists from scattered ionizing radiation. However, these systems typically require specialized catheters and extensive operator training.

Methods

A new compact and sterilizable telerobotic system is described, which allows remote navigation of conventional tip‐steerable catheters, with three degrees of freedom, using an interface that takes advantage of the interventionalist's existing dexterity skills. The performance of the system is evaluated ex vivo and in vivo for remote catheter navigation and ablation delivery.

Results

The system has absolute errors of 0.1 ± 0.1 mm and 7 ± 6° over 100 mm of axial motion and 360° of catheter rotation, respectively. In vivo experiments proved the safety of the proposed telerobotic system and demonstrated the feasibility of remote navigation and delivery of ablation.

Conclusion

The proposed telerobotic system allows the interventionalist to use conventional steerable catheters; while maintaining a safe distance from the radiation source, he/she can remotely navigate the catheter and deliver ablation lesions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single Chirality (6,4) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Fluorescence Imaging with Silicon Detectors
Authors: Antaris Alexander L. , Yaghi Omar K. , Hong Guosong , Diao Shuo , Zhang Bo , Yang Jiang , Chew Leila , Dai Hongjie
Published: November 2015

Postsynthetic single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sorting methods such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel chromatography, and electrophoresis have all been inspired by established biochemistry separation techniques designed to separate subcellular components. Biochemistry separation techniques have been refined to the degree that parameters such as pH, salt concentration, and temperature are necessary for a successful separation, yet these conditions are only now being applied to SWCNT separation methodologies. Slight changes in pH produce radically different behaviors of SWCNTs inside a density gradient, allowing for the facile separation of ultrahigh purity (6,4) SWCNTs from as‐synthesized carbon nanotubes. The (6,4) SWCNTs are novel fluorophores emitting below ≈900 nm and can be easily detected with conventional silicon‐based charge‐coupled device detectors without the need for specialized InGaAs cameras. The (6,4) SWCNTs are used to demonstrate their potential as a clinically relevant NIR‐I fluorescence stain for the immunohistochemical staining of cells and cancer tissue sections displaying high endothelial growth factor receptor levels.
Tree‐based channel assignment schemes for multi‐channel wireless sensor networks
Authors: Terzi Caglar , Korpeoglu Ibrahim
Published: November 2015

Many sensor node platforms used for establishing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can support multiple radio channels for wireless communication. Therefore, rather than using a single radio channel for whole network, multiple channels can be utilized in a sensor network simultaneously to decrease overall network interference, which may help increase the aggregate network throughput and decrease packet collisions and delays. This method, however, requires appropriate schemes to be used for assigning channels to nodes for multi‐channel communication in the network. Because data generated by sensor nodes are usually delivered to the sink node using routing trees, a tree‐based channel assignment scheme is a natural approach for assigning channels in a WSN. We present two fast tree‐based channel assignment schemes (called bottom up channel assignment and neighbor count‐based channel assignment) for multi‐channel WSNs. We also propose a new interference metric that is used by our algorithms in making decisions. We validated and evaluated our proposed schemes via extensive simulation experiments. Our simulation results show that our algorithms can decrease interference in a network, thereby increasing performance, and that our algorithms are good alternatives for static channel assignment in WSNs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Molecular Hexacoordinated Triorganoaluminum Compound with Trifold Si–H···Al Coordination
Authors: Großekappenberg Henning , Lühmann Nicole , Saak Wolfgang , Müller Thomas
Published: November 2015

The synthesis of a hexacoordinate triorganoaluminum compound Al(NapSiH)3 (6) (NapSiH = 8‐dimethylsilylnaphthyl) is reported. Three additional Si–H···Al contacts complete the coordination sphere around the central aluminum atom. Structural and spectroscopic evidence is provided for an activation of the Si–H bond by the aluminum Lewis acid. This activation is however small when compared to other recently described aluminum / silane complexes. These findings are supported by the results of quantum mechanical calculations, which indicate the presence of three Si–H···Al three center intractions in complex 6.
Cation Effect on Formation of Preyssler‐type 30‐Tungsto‐5‐phosphate: Enhanced Yield of Na‐encapsulated Derivative and Direct Synthesis of Ca‐ and Bi‐Encapsulated Derivatives
Authors: Hayashi Akio , Haioka Terufumi , Takahashi Keita , Bassil Bassem S. , Kortz Ulrich , Sano Tsuneji , Sadakane Masahiro
Published: November 2015

The effect of cations in a reaction mixture for the preparation of the Preyssler‐Jeannin‐Pope type 30‐tungsto‐5‐phosphate [P5W30O110Na]14– is investigated. Reaction of phosphate and tungstate with a P/W ratio of ca. 3.9 in an acidic aqueous solution without cations selectively leads to the Dawson‐type 18‐tungsto‐2‐phosphate, [P2W18O62]6–. Amongst all the alkali cations, only Na+ allows formation of the Preyssler‐type polyanion [P5W30O110Na]14–, with an encapsulated Na+ ion, and the product yield can be improved by increasing Na+ amount. The presence of Li+ ions instead results in the Dawson‐type polyanion [P2W18O62]6–, whereas K+, Rb+, and Cs+ selectively result in the Keggin‐type polyanion [PW12O40]3–. An improved synthetic procedure for the Na+‐encapsulated Preyssler‐ion leading to a higher isolated yield is presented. Furthermore, addition of Ca2+ and Bi3+ compounds allows formation of the Ca2+‐ and Bi3+‐encapsulated Preyssler‐type polyanions, [P5W30O110Ca]13– and [P5W30O110Bi]12–, respectively. Furthermore, single‐crystal XRD structure of the Bi3+‐encapsulated Preyssler‐type polyanions, [P5W30O110Bi]12–, is presented for the first time.
Utilization of Percutaneous Needle Biopsy for Breast Diagnosis in a Comprehensive Breast Center: Implications for Development of Quality Indicators
Authors: Holloway Claire M. B. , Al‐Riyees Lolwah , Saskin Refik
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) is the standard of care for diagnosis of breast lesions. Rates of excisional biopsy for breast diagnosis in North America have been reported at approximately 35 %, although significant regional variation exists. A target rate of PNB for diagnosis of breast abnormalities is needed to facilitate quality improvement. We sought to describe the use of PNB in a referral practice, the clinical scenarios prompting PNB or surgical biopsy (SB), and the accuracy and rate of PNB to inform the ultimate development of a benchmark rate of PNB in breast diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Female patients age 18–90 years, referred to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, a large teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Toronto, with a breast lesion prompting tissue diagnosis with SB and/or PNB between 2002 and 2009 were studied. Each biopsied lesion was characterized by method of biopsy: PNB, SB, or PNB followed by SB. For each lesion, we collected data on patient demographics and breast cancer risk, reason for referral, imaging characteristics (breast imaging‐reporting and data system classification, full description, final impression before biopsy), and pathology from each biopsy method. We report concordance between the final impression pre‐biopsy and the PNB diagnosis with final surgical diagnosis where applicable.

Results

One thousand and twenty‐six lesions were biopsied, 987 (96 %) with PNB. The benign:malignant ratio for the entire cohort was 1.2:1. Final impression was concordant with final pathology in 674/862 (78 %) and PNB diagnosis was concordant with SB pathology in 487/556 (88 %). The reasons for SB without PNB were required pathologic evaluation of the entire lesion (n = 19), patient choice (n = 5), other biopsy technique used (n = 6), technical (n = 4), planned mastectomy (n = 3), and enlarging mass (n = 2). 155/559 (28 %) of lesions without evidence of malignancy on PNB ultimately underwent SB. Papillary lesions and radial scars were more likely to undergo SB with or without prior PNB. Lesions deemed to be suspicious or malignant on final impression were more likely to be excised after a benign diagnosis at PNB.

Conclusion

The vast majority of lesions requiring tissue diagnosis can be accurately diagnosed with PNB. Benchmarks for rates of PNB of 90 % or greater may be considered for performance measurement in appropriate populations.
Low‐temperature microRNA expression in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta during freezing stress
Authors: Biggar Kyle K. , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: November 2015

Natural freeze tolerance depends on cellular adaptations that address the multiple stresses imposed on cells during freezing. These adaptations preserve viability by suppressing energy‐expensive cell processes in the frozen state. In this study, we explore the freeze‐responsive expression of microRNA in hatchling painted turtles exposed to 20 h freezing. Furthermore, we also explore the possibility of unique temperature‐sensitive microRNA targeting programs that aid in adapting turtles for survival in the frozen state. Interestingly, two freeze‐responsive ‘cryo‐miRs’ (cpm‐miR‐16 and cpm‐miR‐21) were found to have unique low‐temperature mRNA targets enriched in biological processes that are known to be part of the stress response.
Autonomic and cardio‐respiratory responses to exercise in Brugada Syndrome patients
Authors: Chanavirut Raoyrin , Makarawate Pattarapong , Macdonald Ian A. , Leelayuwat Naruemon
Published: November 2015

Background

Imbalances of the autonomic nervous (ANS), the cardiovascular system, and ionics might contribute to the manifestation of The Brugada Syndrome (BrS). Thus, this study has aimed to investigate the cardio‐respiratory fitness and the responses of the ANS both at rest and during a sub‐maximal exercise stress test, in BrS patients and in gender‐matched and age‐matched healthy sedentary controls.

Methods

Eleven BrS patients and 23 healthy controls were recruited in Khon Kaen, Thailand. They performed an exercise test on a cycle ergometer, and during the exercise, expired gas samples and electrocardiograms were collected. Blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations were analyzed before and after exercise. Then the heart rate variability (HRV) and the heart rate recovery (HRR) were analyzed from the electrocardiograms.

Results

The BrS patients showed a higher parasympathetic activation during exercise recovery than baseline. They had a smaller level of sympathetic activation during the period of exercise recovery than the controls did. They also showed a significantly lower peak HR, HRR, and peak oxygen consumption than the controls (p<0.05). All subjects had a significantly lower percentage of peak oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio during low‐intensity (p<0.01) and moderate‐intensity (p<0.05) exercise than during high‐intensity exercise. The BrS patients had mild hyperkalemia which is reduced according to the exercise.

Conclusion

Thai BrS patients had a more rapid rate of restoration of the parasympathetic and smaller level of sympathetic activation after exercise. They had mild hyperkalemia which is reduced according to the exercise. Furthermore, they exhibited impaired cardio‐respiratory fitness.
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes for the treatment of metastatic cancer
Authors: Geukes Foppen M.H. , Donia M. , Svane I.M. , Haanen J.B.A.G.
Published: November 2015

Over the past few years melanoma incidence has been rising steadily, resulting in an increase in melanoma related mortality. Until recently, therapeutic options for metastatic melanoma were scarce. Chemotherapy and, in some countries, IL‐2 were the only registered treatment modalities. In the last five years, treatment with immunotherapy (anti CTLA‐4, anti PD‐1, or the combination of these antibodies) has shown very promising results and was able to improve survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Adoptive cell therapy using tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes is yet another, but highly promising, immunotherapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic melanoma. This review will discuss the development of TIL as a treatment option for melanoma, its mode of action and simplification over time, and the possibilities to expand this therapy to other types of cancer. Also, the future directions of TIL based therapies will be highlighted.
Intracellular antigens as targets for antibody based immunotherapy of malignant diseases
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wang Xinhui , Ferrone Cristina R. , Schwab Joseph H. , Ferrone Soldano
Published: November 2015

This review discusses the potential use of intracellular tumor antigens as targets of antibody‐based immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In addition, it describes the characteristics of the intracellular tumor antigens targeted with antibodies which have been described in the literature and have been identified in the authors' laboratory. Finally, the mechanism underlying the trafficking of the intracellular tumor antigens to the plasma membrane of tumor cells are reviewed.
Perception vs Reality: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage Among Healthcare Workers at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Colburn Nora E. , Cadnum Jennifer , Flannery Elizabeth , Chang Shelley , Donskey Curtis J. , Stiefel Usha
Published: November 2015

In a prevalence study of 209 healthcare workers, 18 (8.6%) and 13 (6.2%) carried methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in their nares or on their hands, respectively. However, 100 (62%) of 162 workers completing an associated survey believed themselves to be colonized, revealing a knowledge deficit about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):110–112
Impact of Hospital Operating Margin on Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections Following Medicare’s Hospital-Acquired Conditions Payment Policy
Authors: Calderwood Michael S. , Vaz Louise E. , Tse Kawai Alison , Jin Robert , Rett Melisa D. , Grant Patricia S. , Lee Grace M.
Published: November 2015

In October 2008, Medicare ceased additional payment for hospital-acquired conditions not present on admission. We evaluated the policy’s differential impact in hospitals with high vs low operating margins. Medicare’s payment policy may have had an impact on reducing central line–associated bloodstream infections in hospitals with low operating margins.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;37(1):100–103
Building on ‘Red Dirt’ Perspectives: What Counts as Important for Remote Education?
Authors: Guenther John , Disbray Samantha , Osborne Sam
Published: November 2015

The Remote Education Systems (RES) project within the Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation (CRC-REP) has, over the last four years, gathered and analysed qualitative data directly from over 230 remote education stakeholders and from more than 700 others through surveys. The research was designed to answer four questions: (1) What is education for in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities?; (2) What defines ‘successful’ educational outcomes from the remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander standpoint?; (3) How does teaching need to change in order to achieve ‘success’ as defined by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander standpoint?; and (4) What would an effective education system in remote Australia look like? Based on this data, the paper reveals how perceptions differ for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from remote communities compared with people who come from elsewhere. The analysis points to the need for some alternative indicators of ‘success’ to match the aspirations of local people living in remote communities. It also points to the need for school and system responses that resonate with community expectations of education, and to develop narratives of aspiration and success alongside community views.
Stonehenge saved?
Authors: Wainwright G. J.
Published: November 2015

As was noticed in the December 1995 ANTIQUITY, the present surroundings of Stonehenge — premier monument of European prehistory — are unhappy. Geoffrey Wainwright, head of archaeology at English Heritage, reports the current proposals to make a fit setting for Stonehenge, and what may happen now.
Pots, trade and the archaic Greek economy
Authors: Osborne Robin
Published: November 2015

Fine painted pottery is the archaeological trade-mark of the Greek presence overseas. Since other materials of exchange in the Classical world — soft things like grain, oil and slaves — are less archaeologically visible, a fresh look at issues in the archaic Greek economy revolves once more around patterns in the ceramics.
On archaeological value
Authors: Carver Martin
Published: November 2015

The present system of English resource management relies on legal protected status given to a pre-designated group of monuments. When it is replaced by an adversarial debate between social values, hosted by the planning system, archaeology will need to arm itself with a definition of ‘archaeological value’. The new management system would favour research rather than monumentality as the principal asset of the heritage.
East Chisenbury: ritual and rubbish at the British Bronze Age—Iron Age transition
Authors: McOmish David
Published: November 2015

The repertoire of site-types for later English prehistory has not changed for a generation. Now, from East Chisenbury on Salisbury Plain, a new type is defined, a midden of refuse so large and strange it re-defines the concept of ‘rubbish’ and its ‘disposal’.
The real nature of variability of Levantine Epipalaeolithic assemblages
Authors: Phillips James I.
Published: November 2015

N&B, incorrectly attributing variability in these assemblages as representing strategies in lithic reduction, give as an example the differentiation between the Mushabian and the Geometric Kebaran complexes. Their thinking the microburin technique was used by the Geometric Kebarans but is masked by retouch on these trapeze/rectangles (sic!) suggest to me they have either never seen Geometric Kebaran and Mushabian microliths (although I understand that Neeley visited Goring-Morris' laboratory) or they cannot recognize microburin scars when they see them. In my original publication on the Mushabian (Phillips & Mintz 1977), they would see microburin scars on lamelles scalènes which were partially retouched in the Mushabian. Having recently analysed 12 Mushabian sites from Gebel Maghara, containing over 5000 microliths and 3000 microburins, and three new Geometric Kebaran sites from Sinai, containing over 800 trapeze/rectangles and no microburins, I can attest to the differences between these two assemblages in terms of reduction sequences, style of debitage, and the morphology of geometric and non-geometric microliths.
A mutilated human skull from Roman St Albans, Hertfordshire, England
Authors: Mays Simon , Steele James
Published: November 2015

A skull excavated from a 2nd-century AD pit in the Roman city of St Albans shows evidence for violent injury and displays cut-marks which seem to indicate deliberate defleshing. The find appears to be without close parallel in Roman Britain.
Ancient Celts and modern ethnicity
Authors: Megaw J. V. S. , Megaw M. R.
Published: November 2015

In September 1994 the European Association of Archaeologists held its inaugural meeting in Ljubljana, Slovenia, a sovereign nation formerly part of Yugoslavia. As was to be expected in such a place and at such a time, questions of ethnicity and identity were much in evidence. Here a classic case-study in defining an ancient European entity is explored from a fresh starting-point in contemporary Australia; it was first developed in the Ljubljana session on ‘Contemporary myth of the past’.
The diffusion of light by translucent media in antiquity: à propos two alabaster window-pane fragments from ed-Dur (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Potts D. T.
Published: November 2015

From a University of Copenhagen excavation in the United Arab Emirates come two fragments of sheet alabaster, from a large private house dated to the 1st century AD. They prompt consideration of alabaster's use for windows and of provision for natural lighting in the ancient buildings of the broad region, using ethnohistoric observations, medieval literary sources and ancient epigraphic evidence.
Normal cortisol response to cold pressor test, but lower free thyroxine, after recovery from undernutrition
Authors: Martins Vinicius J. B. , Neves Andrea P. O. , Garcia Márcia C. , Spadari Regina C. , Clemente Ana Paula G. , de Albuquerque Maria P. , Hoffman Daniel J. , Sawaya Ana L.
Published: November 2015

Undernutrition is a stressor with long-term consequences, and the effect of nutritional recovery on cortisol and thyroid hormone status is unknown. To investigate basal thyroid hormones and the cortisol response to a cold pressor test in children recovered from undernutrition, a cross-sectional study was undertaken on children (6–16 years) separated into four groups: control (n 41), stunted (n 31), underweight (n 27) and recovered (n 31). Salivary cortisol was collected over the course of 10 h: upon awakening, before and after an unpleasant and a pleasant stimulus. Cortisol upon awakening was highest in the stunted and lowest in the underweight groups: control=5·05 (95 % CI 3·71, 6·89) nmol/l, stunted=6·62 (95 % CI 3·97, 11·02) nmol/l, underweight=2·51 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·63) nmol/l and recovered=3·46 (95 % CI 2·46, 4·90) nmol/l (P=0·005). Girls had higher cortisol concentrations upon awakening compared with boys (P=0·021). The undernourished groups showed an elevated cortisol response both to the unpleasant stimulus and at the last measurement (16.00 hours) compared with that of the recovered group: AUC, control=2·07 (95 % CI 1·69, 2·45) nmol/l×30 min, stunted=2·48 (95 % CI 1·91, 3·06) nmol/l×30 min, underweight=2·52 (95 % CI 2·07, 2·97) nmol/l×30 min, recovered=1·68 (95 % CI 1·26, 2·11) nmol/l×30 min (P=0·042); and control=2·03 (95 % CI 1·75, 2·39) nmol/l×30 min, stunted=2·51 (95 % CI 1·97, 3·19) nmol/l×30 min, underweight=2·61 (95 % CI 2·16, 3·16) nmol/l×30 min, recovered=1·70 (95 % CI 1·42, 2·03) nmol/l×30 min (P=0·009). Lower free thyroxine (T4) was found in the recovered and stunted groups: control=1·28 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·39) pmol/l, stunted=0·98 (95 % CI 0·87, 1·10) pmol/l, underweight=1·10 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·21) pmol/l and recovered=0·90 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·99) pmol/l (P<0·001). Multivariate analysis showed a lower cortisol concentration along 10 h (06.00–16.00 hours) in the recovered compared with the other groups (P=0·017), and similar concentrations between the recovered and control group. In conclusion, the children with recovery in weight and height had a cortisol stress response similar to control but a lower basal free T4. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the extent of these endocrine changes after recovery of undernutrition and in adulthood.
Latent variable mixture modeling in psychiatric research – a review and application
Authors: Miettunen J. , Nordström T. , Kaakinen M. , Ahmed A. O.
Published: November 2015

Latent variable mixture modeling represents a flexible approach to investigating population heterogeneity by sorting cases into latent but non-arbitrary subgroups that are more homogeneous. The purpose of this selective review is to provide a non-technical introduction to mixture modeling in a cross-sectional context. Latent class analysis is used to classify individuals into homogeneous subgroups (latent classes). Factor mixture modeling represents a newer approach that represents a fusion of latent class analysis and factor analysis. Factor mixture models are adaptable to representing categorical and dimensional states of affairs. This article provides an overview of latent variable mixture models and illustrates the application of these methods by applying them to the study of the latent structure of psychotic experiences. The flexibility of latent variable mixture models makes them adaptable to the study of heterogeneity in complex psychiatric and psychological phenomena. They also allow researchers to address research questions that directly compare the viability of dimensional, categorical and hybrid conceptions of constructs.
A novel method for slip prediction of walking biped robots
Authors: Hashlamon Iyad , Gülhan Mehmet Mert , Ayit Orhan , Erbatur Kemalettin
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes a new approach for slip prediction of walking biped robots. The slip prediction is a measurement-based and friction behavior-inspired approach. A measurement-based online algorithm is designed to estimate the Coulomb friction which is regarded as a slip threshold. To predict the slip, a safety margin is introduced in the negative vicinity of the estimated Coulomb friction. The estimation algorithm concludes that if the applied force is outside the safety margin, then the foot tends to slip. The proposed approach depends on the available type of measurements. Three options of measurements are discussed. Among them, the foot acceleration and ankle force measurements scenario is validated by experiments on the humanoid SURALP (Sabanci University Robotics Research Laboratory Platform). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for slip prediction and detection.
Development, design and validation of an assistive device for hand disabilities based on an innovative mechanism
Authors: Conti Roberto , Allotta Benedetto , Meli Enrico , Ridolfi Alessandro
Published: November 2015

In accordance with strict requirements of portability, cheapness, and modularity, an innovative assistive device for hand disabilities has been developed and validated. This robotic orthosis is designed to be a low-cost, portable hand exoskeleton to assist people with physical disabilities in their everyday lives. Referring to hand opening disabilities, the authors have developed a methodology which, by starting from the geometrical characteristics of the patient's hand, defines the novel kinematic mechanism that better fits to the finger trajectories. The authors have validated the proposed novel mechanism by carrying out a Hand Exoskeleton System (HES) prototype, based on a single-phalanx mechanism, cable driven. The testing phase of the real prototype with a patient is currently on going.
Preventive Home Visits for Older People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tourigny André , Bédard Annick , Laurin Danielle , Kröger Edeltraut , Durand Pierre , Bonin Lucie , Sévigny Andrée , Frappier Annie , Roussel Marie Ève , Martin Mélanie
Published: November 2015

L’augmentation du nombre de personnes âgées présentant des incapacités et ayant des maladies chroniques entraîne une hausse des besoins en services de santé à domicile. Le nombre d’études et de revues systématiques traitant des approches préventives pour cette clientèle a proliféré, générant un besoin de synthèse des connaissances. Nous avons mené une revue systématique de revues systématiques évaluant l’effet des programmes de visite préventive pour les personnes âgées. Des 5 973 citations identifiées dans plus de 30 bases de données de littérature grise et scientifique, 10 articles répondaient à tous les critères d’inclusion. Les revues systématiques étaient retenues si elles comprenaient des essais randomisés contrôlés comparant des interventions de soins à domicile offerts par un professionnel de la santé et ceux sans professionnels. Les interventions sont souvent des évaluations gériatriques globales et s’accompagnent de visites de suivi. Il ressort que les visites préventives multidimensionnelles à domicile ont le potentiel de diminuer la mortalité, en particulier chez les personnes âgées plus jeunes, et offrent aussi un potentiel d’amélioration de l’autonomie fonctionnelle. Toutefois, ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence vue la diversité des interventions analysées.
Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review
Authors: Opdebeeck Carol , Quinn Catherine , Nelis Sharon M , Clare Linda
Published: November 2015

The evidence regarding the association between mood and cognitive function is conflicting, suggesting the involvement of moderating factors. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive reserve moderates the association between mood and cognition in older people. Cognitive reserve was considered in terms of the three key proxy measures – educational level, occupation, and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities – individually and in combination. Sixteen studies representing 37,101 participants were included in the review. Of these, 13 used a measure of education, one used a measure of occupation, two used a measure of participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and one used a combination of these. In general, cognitive reserve moderated the association between mood and cognition, with a larger negative association between mood and cognition in those with low cognitive reserve than in those with high cognitive reserve. Further research utilizing multiple proxy measures of cognitive reserve is required to elucidate the associations.
A REVISION OF FACCHINIA (MINUARTIA S.L., CARYOPHYLLACEAE)
Authors: Dillenberger M. S. , Kadereit J. W.
Published: November 2015

Facchinia Rchb. (Alsinoideae–Caryophyllaceae), earlier found not to be part of Minuartia s.str., is here revised. The genus contains seven species, one of which has two subspecies. Seven new combinations are made: Facchinia cerastiifolia (Ramond ex DC.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. cherlerioides (Sieber) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. cherlerioides subsp. aretioides (Port. ex J.Gay) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. grignensis (Rchb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. herniarioides (Rion) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. rupestris (Scop.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, and F. valentina (Pau) Dillenb. & Kadereit. Keys to Minuartia s.str., the Old World segregate genera of Minuartia s.l., and to the species and subspecies of Facchinia are provided. All taxa are described and mapped, and some are illustrated.
PLANT SPECIES DESCRIBED BY WILLIAM GRIFFITH IN ‘SOME ACCOUNT OF THE BOTANICAL COLLECTION BROUGHT FROM THE EASTWARD BY DR. CANTOR’
Authors: Turner I. M.
Published: November 2015

William Griffith wrote an account of the plants collected by Theodore Cantor in 1840 while on a military expedition to Chusan in China. This was published posthumously in 1854, but was also distributed in 1844 or 1845 as a preprint. The 14 new names at species rank appearing in the paper are reviewed (including the often overlooked Leucopogon ophirensis and Corylopsis grata) and their typification considered. Lectotypes are designated for 10 of these names, one second-stage lectotypification is proposed, and Corylopsis griffithii Hemsl. is also lectotypified.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF STEPHANIA PIERREI (MENISPERMACEAE)
Authors: Dary C. , Hul S. , Kim S. , Jabbour F.
Published: November 2015

Stephania pierrei Diels (Menispermaceae) is a species recorded from the Indo-Chinese Peninsula. It is the only species of the genus bearing apetalous flowers. Diels did not cite a holotype in his publication in 1910. We provide here a more precise description of Stephania pierrei and select a lectotype for this name.
KUEPFERIA PRINGLEI (GENTIANACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE EASTERN HIMALAYA
Authors: Dey S. K. , Maity D.
Published: November 2015

A new species of Kuepferia (Gentianaceae), K. pringlei D.Maity & Sentu K.Dey from north Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, is described and illustrated. Details of habitat, phenology and conservation status are given, and it is compared to related species. This previously undescribed species is most similar to, but distinct from, Kuepferia leucantha (Harry Sm. ex T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu) Adr.Favre, known from Bhutan and China.
GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUME 72 (2015)
Authors: Editor Journal
Published: November 2015

Note: Main entries are emboldened; * signifies the page range of keywords; pages with illustrations (Fig.), maps, appendices (App.) and reviews (Rev.) are indicated; tables are not annotated separately.