bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_319A: A Cross-sectional study on prevalence of work-related skin diseases among construction workers in Chengalpattu district
Authors: Kannan K Vinoth
Published: April 2024

Background:

A variety of activities in construction site such as mason, painting, welding, cement mixing, concrete mixing, may eventually lead to exposures that can subject the construction workers as most vulnerable group to develop occupational skin diseases.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of occupational skin diseases among construction workers in Chengalpattu district.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 construction workers in construction sites at Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu state over a period of two months (October 2022 to November 2022). Data collection was done using a interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21 version and p value of <0.05.

Results:

Among the respondents 40.9% (123) construction workers found to be suffering from skin diseases like pruritis (14%), dryskin(13%), fissures (6.3%), blisters (5.6%), redness (2%), Among them highest prevalence of occupational skin disease was seen in cement mixing worker (13%) and mason (13%)followed by mason helper (12%) and concrete worker (3%). Work related skin diseases were found to be associated with nature of work (p <0.05).

Conclusion:

The health problems among construction workers are one of the areas of public health concern in the country which is usually unnoticed as they are being under unorganized sectors. Thus, proper wearing of Personal protective equipment, providing a supportive workplace environment and reinforcement messages will have a favourable impact on the work productivity as well as ensuring a good health for those workers.
IJCM_320A: Occupational stress among special educators in India - A Narrative review
Authors: Habeeb Shifa , Akshaya R , Joy Teena Mary
Published: April 2024

Background:

Occupational stress, a physiological and psychological reaction to workplace incidents, detrimentally affects health. In the field of special education, where the task of fostering learning and development for individuals with diverse abilities is both rewarding and challenging, understanding and addressing the occupational stress faced by educators becomes imperative. This review sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between occupational stress, teacher well-being, and the broader educational landscape, with a specific focus on the unique challenges faced by special educators in India.

Objective:

This study aims to review recent literature on occupational stress in special educators in India.

Methodology:

A comprehensive electronic search on databases like PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to include articles from the past 6 years.

Results:

The electronic search yielded 5 relevant articles in the past 6 years, including 4 cross-sectional studies and one exploratory study. Findings show that educators experience mild to severe occupational stress, with variations ranging from 5% to 75% in different studies across India.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of occupational stress among educators in India underscores the need for targeted interventions and support systems to enhance teacher well-being, fostering a positive impact on student outcomes, school stability, and teaching quality.
IJCM_323A: Assessment of Caregiver Burden Among Family Members of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Costal Andhra Pradesh, India: - Mixed Method Study
Authors: Kumar Pathipaka Sravan , Madhavi B. Devi , Harish K.
Published: April 2024

Background:

As PLHIV now live longer, family caregivers play a crucial role in providing physical, emotional, and financial support. This study investigates the burden experienced by family caregivers of People Living with AIDS (PLHIV) in Kakinada District, Andhra Pradesh.

Objectives:

1. To assess burden Among caregivers (family members) of PLHIV. 2. To Explore care giver perspective of caring experiences

Methodology: Methodology:

The study is a cross-sectional study. By using mixed-method approach both qualitative and quantitative data was collected by convenient sampling method in an ART Centre of Kakinada District. Prior approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic information and validated, standardized 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) tool to assess the perceived caregiver burden. Quantitative analysis done by using SPSS and Qualitative Information gathered through in-depth interviews. These were recorded, transcribed, translated, and later coded for analysis following thematic approach.

Results:

Demographics revealed that Female were 54.8% and Male were 45.2%. The mean age group was 38.38Â±11.5. In this study revealed that 22.6% were under severe burden & 12.9 % were moderate to severe &38.7% were mild to moderate burden. Mean Zarit Burden score was 36.32Â±18.8. Caregivers faced a range of challenges, pertaining to physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial burden. Challenges experienced by the them regarding stigma and discrimination are more common.

Conclusion:

Majority of caregivers having Burden. Caring for someone with HIV/AIDS brings both positive and tough experiences for caregivers. ongoing support is crucial for families in this situation. Simple, focused measures can make a real difference in the well-being for caregivers and Improve Care givers experience.
IJCM_333A: Household Air Pollution Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder Outcomes in Children: Insights from the HAPIN India Study
Authors: Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi
Published: April 2024

Background:

The global public health challenge of household air pollution, stemming from conventional cooking practices and the widespread use of solid fuels, is a critical concern. Exposure to indoor air pollutants has been associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly affecting vulnerable populations like pregnant women and young children. The Household Air Pollution and Neurodevelopment (HAPIN) study addresses this issue through a multicentric randomized controlled trial spanning four diverse countries: Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda.

Objectives:

The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder among children residing in HAPIN study site of India.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional assessment for autism spectrum disorders within the HAPIN cohort was done.365 children aged 2 to 3 years were studied to explore the potential link between household air pollution and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Household air quality, measuring PM2.5, CO, and black carbon, was assessed using established protocols. Neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly ASD, was screened using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in children aged 2 to 3 years, and screened positive children were evaluated by a psychiatrist to diagnose autism spectrum disorder using DSM-5 criteria.

Results:

There is significant association between exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, and black carbon) and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a prevalence rate of 5.48%.

Conclusion:

ASD prevalence rate of 5.48%, underscore the global relevance of the impact of household air pollution on neurodevelopment. Urgent interventions are warranted to mitigate the risk of ASD, particularly for vulnerable populations like pregnant women and young children, emphasizing the imperative for cleaner cooking practices and improved indoor air quality.
IJCM_341A: Prevalence Of Depression And Anxiety Among High School Adolescents Of Urban Area, Belagavi - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sajjanar Ajay , Patil Manjula S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Adolescence, which lasts from the ages of 10-19, is the stage of life between childhood and adulthood. Health issues like alcohol and drug use, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity are widespread among adolescents. Notably, mental health stands out as one of the most prevalent and significant concerns in this age group. Schools are beneficial in recognizing the mental health care needs of adolescents, given that a substantial amount of their time is spent at school. Hence the study was conducted in school to investigate prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescent students.

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among high school adolescents and to know the determinants associated with it.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among high school adolescent students of schools in urban area of Belagavi. After getting approval from IEC, the data was collected from 100 students using pre-designed, pretested questionnaire. And Depression and Anxiety were assessed using the Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) respectively.

Results:

Depression prevalence was 45% among students, categorized as mild (23%), borderline (9%), moderate (8%), and severe (5%) based on Becks Depression Inventory. Mean BDI score was 11.31±8.40. Surprisingly, 97% had anxiety with 76% mild, 17% moderate,4% severe anxiety as per Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, with mean HAM-A score of 10.72±8.18. Most affected students were 16 years old, Class-2 socioeconomic status, Hindus, from nuclear families, residing in pucca houses, consuming mixed diet, facing learning difficulties and lacking relationship affairs. A statistically significant association existed between depression and house type, as well as history of child abuse (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Almost half of high school students experience varying mental health issues. Supported counseling centers in schools, implementing periodic screening, and integrating mental health education into routine activities are crucial recommendations for reducing adolescent mental health problems.
IJCM_345A: Attitudes and Beliefs among Young Adults in Urban Meerut towards Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bargayary Harimu , Jain Seema , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

Background:

About 70 % of mental disorders can be diagnosed prior to age 25 years and they comprise the single largest component of disease burden during the second decade of the life span. Globally, Depression is one of the leading causes of disability. WHO estimates that the burden of mental health problems in India is 2443 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 00 population. The economic loss due to mental health conditions, between 2012-2030, is estimated at USD 1.03 trillion. There has been an increased rise in the need for improved mental health literacy to address the complex issues surrounding mental well-being.

Objective:

To explore the attitudes and beliefs and its influencing factors among the young adults of urban Meerut towards Depression.

Methodology:

It is a community based cross-sectional study done among the 18-25 years age group residents of urban Meerut. The sample size was calculated to be 188 which was rounded off to 190, at 95% confidence interval with 6.5% absolute precision following a prevalence of 29.04% from a similar type of study. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire designed based on National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Youth Boost Survey V5 by Anthony F. Jorm and Nicola Reavley.

Results:

In the current study, it was found that about 32.6% (62) of the study participants did not consider depression as a real medical illness. However, it was seen that majority i.e. 90.0% (171) had believed that if that sharing with the close family/friends could help in recovering from depression.

Conclusion:

By promoting accurate education, responsible media portrayals, personal storytelling, and community engagement towards developing positive public attitudes towards mental health conditions will hold significant power in influencing societal perceptions, shaping interactions, and impacting the well-being of individuals.
IJCM_359A: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among newborn babies - A Hospital based study
Authors: Krishna Anu A , Gupta Medha , Khimani Roshni Vishram , Samanta Shweta , Kola Ashwin Kumar , Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin
Published: April 2024

Background:

Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally. Some of the congenital anomalies may be life threatening, hence an immediate management is required. This study is to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies among newborn babies and factors associated with it.

Methodology:

It was a descriptive study carried out at KMC Hospital, Attavar on all the new born babies with congenital abnormalities born or admitted in KMC Attavar. Data extraction sheet had two sections including the maternal details, history of newborn related to type of congenital anomalies and condition of the baby at birth. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics like mean, proportions and standard deviation was used for expressing the results.

Results:

We found that 56.25% of the cases were of maternal age group <30years. 3.16% were non-consanguinous marriages, 56.46% of mothers were primiparous & 43.53% were multiparous. Only 18.40% had maternal co morbidities & 5.84% had hazardous exposure. 67% of the study population were males and 33% were females. In cases where single system was involved, 66.85% were males and 33.15% were females. In cases with multiple malformations, 67.56% were males and 32.43% were females. In the cases where maternal age was <30yrs, 22.85% of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system, and in ≥30yr, 29.63% were multiple malformations.

Conclusion:

Among the congenital anomalies affecting the newborns, the most affected single system is gastrointestinal tract followed by cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. Multiple malformations were found to be the highest. Congenital anomalies were found to be more in males than females. In maternal age group of less than 30yrs, highest number of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system and for more than/equal 30yrs, highest number was multiple malformations.
IJCM_361A: Mindful Memories: Breaking the Silence on Alzheimer’s: Awareness on Alzheimer’s disease among health care workers in Shimla City
Authors: Kaushal Anuj , Sachdeva Amit , Kaushal Anuj
Published: April 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia which is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. Currently more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide, over 60% of whom live in low-and middle-income countries.

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s Disease among healthcare workers in Shimla District.

Methodology:

It was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to October 2023 in Shimla region. The participants were invited openly through social media platform (e.g. WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram) by sending Google form links, we obtained total of 400 responses. Responses were then recorded in a Google Excel spreadsheet, the information from which was used to generate graphical display. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info 7.

Results:

Around 52% of healthcare workers had good knowledge regarding the disease and around 25% had very good knowledge regarding the same. Most of the participants belonged to the age group of 18-30 years and results were found to be statistically significant in this case. Education played an important role and was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Awareness among healthcare workers is important as they can screen the patients early, educate them, and refer them when needed. Medical management can improve the quality of life for individuals and for their caregivers.
IJCM_362A: Opportunistic Development of an Educational Intervention to Leverage Community Medicine Residents as Teachers for Community-Based Implementation of Attitudes, Ethics and Communication Module for Medical Students Using Life Skills Education Framework
Authors: Pandya Chitra S. , Singh Uday Shankar , Chacko Thomas V.
Published: April 2024

Background:

While undergraduate (UG) medical students often have inadequate opportunities to develop the Attitude, Ethics and Communication (AETCOM) competencies in real-world community settings, the Community Medicine (CM) residents have wider opportunities for community-based activities, but often lack opportunities to independently lead community-based intervention programs.

Objective:

This descriptive study involves the opportunistic development of a novel educational intervention aimed at integrating the fieldwork and teaching duties of a CM resident, facilitating the administration of the AETCOM module in real-world settings to benefit both UGs and the resident.

Methodology:

The intervention involved appointing a second-year CM resident as an independent near-peer teacher. This resident conceptualized, developed, and implemented a community-based learning (CBL) experience to administer the AETCOM module in community settings. The CBL included the resident facilitating a life skills education (LSE) session based on the World Health Organization Life Skills framework by engaging 30 third-year medical students with 50 children from the community in the Rural Health Training Centre field area. Kirkpatricks Level One of evaluation was conducted by collecting feedback through informal discussions between the resident, UGs, and faculty.

Results:

The medical students stated that the program provided an opportunity to learn CM beyond classroom in the community itself, sparking increased interest in the subject; practice teamwork and communication skills in real-world settings; discover their own strengths beyond academics. The resident reported gaining confidence in leadership skills via the opportunity to independently develop and implement a program, and also positively rated the chance to integrate work with teaching responsibilities. The faculty agreed to the benefits but reported apprehension about logistical challenges in routine implementation of such programs.

Conclusion:

Engaging residents-as-teachers to implement the AETCOM module through a LSE program in community settings is a novel approach to facilitate the development of relevant soft skills among medical students and residents.
IJCM_363A: Assessment of Health Promoting Physical Environment in Schools of Raipur City
Authors: Sharanya Kota , Ruikar Manisha
Published: April 2024

Background:

The schools physical environment refers to all school buildings, indoors and outdoors. A healthy school environment can directly improve children’s health and effective learning. Understanding the variations in the physical infrastructure of schools becomes crucial for educators, parents and policy makers.

Objective:

To assess health promoting physical environment in schools of Raipur City.

Methodology:

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in schools of Raipur City to assess health promoting physical school environment. Total 132 schools, 66 each from government and private were selected using stratified random sampling. Observation checklist was used for assessing based on the standards set for health promoting schools.

Results:

Majority, 98% of government and 74% of private schools had play area. Adequate lighting & separate toilets for boys and girls were present in majority schools. Clean drinking water was available only in 30% of government schools and 62% of private schools. Dustbins were provided in 30% of government and 60% of private schools. Toilets were clean only in 38% of government schools and 71% of private schools. Unhealthy food was available to purchase nearby in 45% government and 39% private schools and Outlets for tobacco/ alcohol were present nearby in 4% government schools and 1.5% private schools. Posters against Alcohol/Tobacco were displayed in 7.6% of government schools and none of the private schools.

Conclusion:

A score of 0-5 was achieved by 61% of government and 39% of private schools, 6-11 score was achieved by only 39% of government and 61% of private schools. Thus the physical school environment score of private schools was found to be higher as compared to that of government schools. However study findings recommended schools to improve their physical environment in order to achieve better health and effective learning among children.
IJCM_370A: Assessment of factors associated with School Dropouts among adolescent: A Cross- Sectional study conducted in urban slums of Berhampur city
Authors: MarandI Pramila , Satapathy Durga Madhab , Bhakta Madhumita
Published: April 2024

Background:

As per National Education Policy (NEP) report, the gross enrolment ratio for class 6-8, class 9-10 and class 11-12 was 91%, 79%and 57% respectively. Education plays crucial role in development of economic, social and income of a country. Dropping out leads to under employments, mental health, delinquency and a lower quality of life for young people.

Objective:

To assess the determinants of school dropouts among adolescent and factor associated with it among adolescent.

Methodology:

A cross- sectional study was conducted for 3 months from the month of November 2023 to January 2024. Multistage random sampling was done. Participants were interviewed using pre- tested semi- structed questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS in the Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, and Hospital.

Results:

All of the study population belonged to Hinduism, 64.29% were boys and 35.71% were girls. School dropouts were significantly less among adolescent whose mother were educated (65%) than in uneducated. The likelihood of dropout among older boys are 2times more than in younger boys who consumed any substances. Lack of interest in studies (38%), family reasons (29%) and paid work (22%) were predominant reasons among adolescents.

Conclusion:

There is need to improve socio- economic status, delay of marital ages of girls, and enhanced government incentives for education and spread awareness.
IJCM_373A: Effectiveness of a workshop on Making effective presentation in scientific conferences in improving the knowledge and perception of faculty members of various health science courses in Mangalore, India.
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Karnad Shreekanth. D.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Presentation at scientific conferences requires skills that may not be familiar among faculty members.

Objective:

To assess the knowledge and perceptions of faculty members before and after attending a workshop on making effective presentations at scientific conferences.

Methodology:

This was an intervention study among 31 faculty members who attended a workshop in April 2023. Data were collected using a Microsoft form.

Results:

Results: Eighteen (58.1%) carried first aid kits while travelling for conferences. Majority of the participants felt that the interaction with the audience was better in onsite conferences than in online conferences. Majority of them preferred oral presentations to reach a wider audience. Less than 10% of the participants indulged in post-conference activities. Self-perceived confidence level in attending conferences and self-perceived knowledge regarding activities to be performed before, during, and after attending conferences were reported to significantly improve (p<0.001) after attending the workshop by the participants. The median knowledge score of the participants in the pre-test was 12, IQR (11, 16), and in the post-test was 15, IQR (14, 18) (Z=3.422, p=0.001).

Conclusion:

The workshop was found to increase the participants’ knowledge and confidence level in essential aspects of conference presentations. Hence more such training programs are required among health care professionals.
IJCM_376A: Time motion study in Anti Rabies Vaccination OPD in tertiary care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Kasdekar Pankaj Motilal , Domple Vijay , Umap Rahul
Published: April 2024

Background:

Outpatient department is considered a doorway to health services. The outpatient department thus requires a systematic study of its services for its efficient management and functioning. Time-motion study in ARV OPD provides information on how much time it takes for management of animal bite patients at each step. Such a study could prove useful to improve efficiency of health care services.

Objective:

To assess the average time spent in different service delivery points in ARV OPD

Methodology:

A hospital based cross0sectional study was conducted in ARV OPD from July 2022 to June 2023 on Patients coming to ARV OPD. A total of 960 patients were included in the study using Systematic Random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire for socio-demographic details and case history of patients and time required for each step in management of animal bite. Stopwatch of smartphone was used to record time at each step of patient management. All the collected data was entered in SPSS software (version 20.0) and was analyzed accordingly.

Results:

Study results showed that out of 960 patients 613 (63.85%) were male and 347(36.15%) were female. 509 (53.02%) were from urban and 451(46.98%) were from rural area. Out of 960 patients 816 (85 %) were of category III bite and 144 (15%) of category II bite. The most common site for animal bite was lower limb 556 (57.9%) followed by 288 (30%) on upper limb, on trunk 38 (3.96 %) and 78 (8.14%) on head and neck region. Total time required for management of animal bite was 35.15+/- 17.92 minutes.

Conclusion:

The time spent in transit could be reduced with proper management of logistics. Also reframing of strategies at various steps could help reduced average time needed to attend a patients at ARV OPD.
IJCM_381A: Perception of faculty members on implementation of electives : newer components of CBME curriculum
Authors: Thejeshwari HL , Metri Siddharam S , Prakash BS , Kavitha CV
Published: April 2024

Background:

Electives have been introduced under CBME for undergraduate Medical students.

Objective:

To identify the perceptions of faculty members in understanding the elective module of NMC.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was done among the 60 ACME PARTICIPANTS of a nodal center for a period of one week. the data was collected using a predesigned, pre-tested questionnaire under the following areas -What measures can be taken to provide out of the institution experiences in electives and the anticipated difficulties in that process?? Who are the stakeholders involved in implementing electives and what are their roles and responsibilities at institute level: how elective students assessment can be done and what are the eligibility criteria for a preceptor under elective? Quantitative data was analysed and expressed in percentages and proportions, qualitative data was grouped under themes and subthemes

Results:

For providing the out of the institution experiences a total of 38 external institutions were enlisted by the participants, and they have opined that -apart from identifying external institutions and external preceptor, MOU has to be established with external institutions and elective module has to be developed in liaison with external preceptor. INSTITUTIONAL ELECTIVE COMMITTEE {IELCT} model proposed for the roles and responsibilities, a preceptor should be a regular faculty: Assistant professors with more than 2 years experience; who have undergone CISP, BCBR; with desired leadership and communication skills should be considered. Availability of experienced, motivated preceptors, students preference for easy/similar electives, safety of students during outside electives are the challenges identified.

Conclusion:

as preparation for electives is in the nascent stage in most of institutions we need to be more flexible in the initial few years and each stakeholder should put efforts as per their roles and responsibilities streamline and make electives as student-friendly as possible
IJCM_388A: Sleep disturbances and associated factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center in central India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Nair Deepika B.R , Thakre Subhash , Narlawar Uday
Published: April 2024

Background:

Within the rigorous environment of medical education, the well-being of students is a critical concern. Sleep disturbances, a prevalent yet understudied issue, may pose significant challenges to the academics and mental health of medical students.

Objective:

To assess the sleep disturbances and associated factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center from September to November 2023. Study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic profile and standardized tool Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used.

Results:

Out of 256 students,161(62.9%) were suffering from sleep disturbances.72% of them had less than 1 hour time gap between screen time and their regular sleep. There was a significant association between sleep disturbances and repeated worrying about lots of tests, illness during past month, felt isolated and feeling lost something in life.

Conclusion:

This study showed that majority of undergraduate medical students suffer from sleep disturbances. It becomes evident that fostering a supportive environment and promoting healthy sleep practices are indispensable for the overall wellbeing and success of medical students.
IJCM_391A: Impact of Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study conducted in the Urban Slums of Berhampur, Ganjam
Authors: Sahoo Amaresh , Bhakta Madhumita , Satapathy Durga Madhab
Published: April 2024

Background:

Adolescence is a pivotal phase marked by significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. The lifestyle choices made during this period can profoundly affect the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. However, research on this topic is limited, especially within the unique context of urban slums.

Objective:

This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on QOL among adolescents residing in the urban slums of Berhampur, Ganjam.

Methodology:

A multistage cluster sampling method was employed to select adolescents aged 12-18 living in urban slum areas. WHO-QOL were utilized to collect data on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL using validated instruments. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, inferential analyses, and regression models to explore the relationships between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL. Socio-demographic variables were also considered.

Results:

Preliminary findings reveal diverse physical activity patterns among adolescents, with a notable proportion engaging in insufficient levels of physical activity. Sedentary behaviours, particularly prolonged screen time, were prevalent. QOL assessments identified variations in physical, emotional, and social well-being domains. Regression analyses indicated a positive association between higher levels of physical activity and improved QOL, while sedentary behaviour, especially extensive screen time, was associated with decreased QOL. Socio-demographic factors, including gender and socio- economic status, were identified as influential factors in these associations.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the significant interplay between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL among adolescents residing in urban slums. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles within this underserved population. The findings provide essential insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and educators to develop evidence-based strategies that can enhance the well-being of adolescents in similar contexts worldwide. Addressing the unique health challenges faced by adolescents in urban slums is crucial for improving their overall QOL and health outcomes.
IJCM_395A: Exploring medical student’s perspective on Competency based medical education (CBME) curriculum at Government Medical College in Maharashtra.
Authors: Pujitha Ananthaneni Sai , Inamdar I. F , Gattani P.L , Maidapwad S.L , Gadekar R.D
Published: April 2024

Background:

Competency based medical education (CBME) is implemented recently in India. The study was conducted to evaluate the perspectives of undergraduate medical students towards CBME curriculum at a Government Medical College in Maharashtra. CBME is helpful in expanding the dimensions besides basic medical knowledge to the core competencies of a high-grade skilled clinical graduate. Moreover, value addition with other competencies such as empathy, professionalism, altruism, communication skills, ethics, and humanities that focuses on health systems as a National goal ‘Health for All’.

Objective:

To explore medical student’s perspective on Competency based medical education (CBME) curriculum at Government Medical College in Maharashtra.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at Dr. SCGMC, Nanded. A validated questionnaire was administered through Google link among medical students.

Results:

A total of 225 students has participated. Around 130 (58%) students are from first year and 96(43.2%) students opined that learning AETCOM skills are necessary and around 125(55.8%) students opined that there should be sometime for sports activities during week days also and 107(48.2%) students stated that early clinical exposure in the first year is beneficial.

Conclusion:

The CBME curriculum focuses on learning the competencies needed in clinical practice and provides standards and framework for measuring performance. The thrust of the new curriculum attempts to make medical education in India more outcomes oriented.
IJCM_396A: Efficacy of Hand Sanitizer in Reducing Hand Bacterial Count as Compared to Liquid Soap Among Sanitation Workers in Mangalore: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Saralaya Vishwas , Jain Akanshu , Ojha Sahana , Dhaka Swapnil , Govindarajan Srinidhi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Hand hygiene of the people working plays an important role in the infection prevention practices of any Institute.

Objective:

To study the efficacy of liquid soap in comparison to alcohol based hand sanitizer in reducing the bacterial count following the handwash among sanitation workers.

Methodology:

This Randomized Controlled Trial was carried out in various facilities of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, in 2017-18 The population comprised of sanitation workers attached to the college and study hospitals. They were divided equally across both the intervention arms. The method of EL Larson et al with minor modifications was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of microbial flora of the test subjects.

Results:

The baseline measurement of intervention 1 (liquid soap) was 2400 cfu and post post-intervention bacterial count for the same was 245cfu. The change score was 1825 cfu in the intervention- liquid soap. The baseline measurement of intervention arm 2 (hand sanitizer) was 1250 cfu and the post-intervention median bacterial count was 8.5 cfu. The change score was 1245 cfu in the intervention- hand sanitizer. The extent of decrease was higher in the hand sanitizer arm than hand washing arm however this difference was not high.

Conclusion:

The extent of decrease was higher in the hand sanitizer arm than hand washing arm however this difference was not significant and results nearly equal.
IJCM_399A: Assessment of Utilization of Kilkari Services among Antenatal Women in the field practice area of a Government Medical College in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Krishna Padamata Pavana , Madhavi B. Devi , Harish K.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Kilkari is an interactive voice response based mobile service which gives information about maternal and child health through pre recorded voice calls to registered mobile number of pregnant women during the critical period of pregnancy and lactation period i.e. 4th month to until the child is one year of age providing knowledge regarding various health care aspects for the mother and child. There is paucity of literature regarding utilization kilkari in the community and the current study is conducted to asses the awareness among antenatal women. and augment the awareness.

Objective:

1. To estimate the proportion of antenatal women aware of kilkari services. 2. To estimate the proportion of antenatal women utilizing kilkari services. 3. To identify the factors associated with non-utilization of kilkari services.

Methodology:

The current study is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in November 2023 among 100 antenatal women in field practice area of a Govt. Medical College. Data was collected by using semi structured questionnaire via google forms and analysis was done using Ms Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 21. Prior approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee.

Results:

In the current study, 57.1% of antenatal women were aware of kilkari services and utilization of services was found among 44.8% of antenatal women. Factors associated with non-utilization of services were (65.5%) not aware of program, (55.2%) not informed by health team, (17.2%) no smart phone, (34.5%) call given but not connecting.

Conclusion:

There is a large gap in knowledge regarding kilakari among antenatal women for which education needs to be provided at gross root level in the community.
IJCM_413A: A cross sectional study to find out status of post exposure prophylaxis among animal bite cases in Raipur city Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Singh Ikshit , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant
Published: April 2024

Background:

Rabies is a viral zoonosis that occurs in more than 100 countries and territories Although a number of carnivores and bat species serve as natural reservoirs, rabies in dogs is the source of 99% human infections and poses a potential threat to more than 3.3 billion people. In humans, rabies is highly fatal once clinical symptoms have developed. According to the World Health Organization, human rabies can be prevented completely by proper post exposure prophylaxis. In India alone, 20,000 deaths (i.e., about 2/100,000 population at risk) and 2 million bites, mostly by dogs, are estimated to occur annually. India has 36% global and 65% Asian rabies burden in terms of cases. Local treatment of wounds is of maximal value when applied immediately after exposure (within minutes if possible). Animal experiments have shown that local wound treatment can reduce the chances of developing rabies by up to 80%.

Objectives:

To find out the status of post exposure prophylaxis and associated factors among animal bite cases in Raipur city Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:

Type of study: A community based cross sectional survey Conducted at: Raipur District. Duration of study: Over a period of 3 months (November 2023- January 2024). Study Subjects: General Population. Inclusion criteria: General population, Raipur. Exclusion Criteria: 1) Patients who do not give consent. 2)Unconscious Very ill patients or patients with Mental illness.

Results:

Total of 1124 participants 41 had animal bite, 63.41% were males and 36.59% were females. Among the biting animals 83% were dogs, while cats were 15% and 2% were monkeys. Out of 41 cases 90.24% had Category II bite while 9.75% had Category III bite. 33 out of 41 i.e. 80.48% victims took Anti Rabies vaccine, while rest 19.52% preferred treatment from traditional healer.

Conclusion:

Majority of animal bite were of dog bite and were classified under Category II. Improved awareness, forestalling animal rabies, and better access to affordable and potent human rabies vaccines are essential for the elimination of human rabies.
IJCM_414A: Perception and pattern of usage of M- learning among medical students studying in Mangalore
Authors: Rekha T , Singh Chandini , Jain Abhishek , Salim Shahin , Parashar Rishi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Mobile learning (M- learning) is the process of using a mobile device to access and study learning materials and to communicate with fellow students, instructors, or institutions. It can be utilized by both medical students as well as doctors to enhance educational and workplace activities, with the potential to enhance overall patient care and knowledge. This study aims to find out the perception of medical students towards the usage of M- learning in medical education and to determine the patterns of usage of M-learning among medical students.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 469 students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The data was collected using a self- administered questionnaire- consisting of 2 sections: 1) General information of study participants 2) Perception of the mobile learning applications and its advantages and disadvantages. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were expressed in mean (±SD), medians and percentages. Appropriate statistical tests were applied, and results were interpreted. P value > 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The survey reveals a significant level of awareness and utilization of medical apps among medical students of the study settings, with 97.9% aware of their existence and 69.9% using them for educational purposes. More than half (55%) prefer smartphones for M-learning, primarily for reference (47.8%) and handy features (49.0%). The majority (76.0%) believe these apps save time and enhance knowledge (73.2%), express interest in college- specific apps (75.1%) and promote M-learning within the curriculum (60.8%). However, about 57.0% of students disagree with the usage of these app by non-medical personnel.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that M-learning is common among medical students and that it is utilized to supplement and expand the substantial amount of medical information that students must learn and comprehend.
IJCM_423A: Mental Health Literacy for Depression and Schizophrenia among Undergraduate students
Authors: Mulareedharan Srishti , Toby Indu , Reshmi Bhageerathy
Published: April 2024

Background:

Mental Health Literacy (MHL) arose as a facet of Health Literacy after it was understood that the concept of health went beyond the physiological or the physical aspect. Despite improvements in various health indicators in the last couple of decades, India still significantly contributes to the global burden of disease and mental illnesses.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the level of Mental Health Literacy in terms of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and help-seeking behavior for Depression and Schizophrenia among Indian Undergraduate students and to compare the levels of Mental Health Literacy among males and females

Methodology:

The study used a cross-sectional design with snowball sampling across various educational institutions the participants 324 in number were undergraduate students aged between 18 and 23. All consenting participants were recruited for the study and Google forms consisting of case vignettes and questions that followed them were distributed using snowball sampling.

Results

Participants were able to diagnose depression but were poor at diagnosing Schizophrenia. Psychological therapy was rated as the most effective treatment for depression and psychological and drug therapy were rated as the most effective treatments for Schizophrenia. Higher prognosis ratings were given to Depression as compared to Schizophrenia. Females were more optimistic about the prognosis of both disorders as compared to males.

Conclusion:

Overall, participants demonstrated better Mental Health Literacy for depression as compared to schizophrenia, possibly due to the availability of internet resources.
IJCM_428A : Nurses’ Perception of Inter-Professional Cooperation in Hospital
Authors: Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Inter-professional cooperation between doctors and nurses is essential for efficient healthcare delivery. However, hierarchical structures and power imbalances often characterize their relationship. This study aims to assess nurses’ perceptions of their working relationships with doctors in hospital settings, considering factors such as communication, respect, and teamwork.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals. A sample of 200 nursing staff participated, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, focusing on factors influencing nurse-doctor relationships, including work experience, education level, and perceived conflicts.

Results:

The majority of nurses were relatively new to their profession (34.0%). Most worked in medical/surgical units (54.0%) and held diplomas (82.5%). The majority (87.5%) believed that doctors understood their responsibilities and respected their judgment. Many felt comfortable asking for advice from doctors (90.5%) and those who preferred consulting nurses first were 81.0%. While conflicts and harassment existed, most nurses (59.0%) reported never experiencing unprofessional dialogue. Majority of nurses (63.5%) don’t have knowledge regarding any specific policy dealing with disagreements. Staff shortages (72.0%) and dictation by doctors (48.0%) were common reasons for strained relationships.

Conclusion:

Overall, nurses expressed satisfaction with their relationships with doctors, with a majority considering them friendly. Factors such as interpersonal skills, mutual respect, and social interaction outside the hospital influenced these relationships. Hospital administrations should focus on fostering better communication, respect, and teamwork to improve inter-professional cooperation.
IJCM_44A: Analysis of Health System and Community Readiness for Adhering to Government Guidelines on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India
Authors: Dhatrak Amey
Published: April 2024

Background:

GDM affects approximately 7% of all pregnant women worldwide. India has one of the highest prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the world. In a field study in Tamil Nadu, the prevalence of GDM was 17.8% in the urban, 13.8% in the semi urban and 9.9% in the rural areas. It is estimated that at any given time, approximately 4 million women in India are affected by GDM. Though there is availability of national guidelines, screening and management of GDM is challenging and controversial in India due to conflicting guidelines and treatment protocol. There are huge challenges in GDM management both at the individual and provider level.

Objective:

To understand the challenges and possible solutions for successfully implementing the GDM program

Methodology:

Data were collected from both public and private health facilities in two districts of Maharashtra. Self-administered questionnaire, IDIs and FGDs were conducted with medical officers and staff of PHCs, RH, SDH and District Hospital. Thematic analysis was done.

Results:

There were lack of training to Staff and Doctor of the government and private health system regarding GDM guidelines. Infrastructure was lacking for conducting the OGTT. Staff were not willing to conduct OGT and MNT(Medical nutrition therapy) on regular basis.

Conclusion:

Improvement in infrastructure, manpower and training of the staff is needed. Training in OGTT and MNT is must for the filed staff. More involvement of private players is needed for better implementation of GoI guidleines.