bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing social behaviour change in households: sustainable mobility intervention and follow-up study
Authors: Santala Saga Sofia , Honkanen Merja , Lettenmeier Michael , Kolehmainen Jari , Lahtinen Salla
Published: January 2025

Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees requires consistent action by people to change their lifestyles in order to limit annual household-related carbon emissions to 2.5 tonnes per person by 2030. As the required mobility reduction measures have already been identified, the challenge remains in scaling up the changes into a mainstream practice. Our study explored whether the involvement of close social communities, especially households, in the change process could be effective in achieving the required measures. Through a Climate Puzzle game intervention and a six-month follow-up study with 12 households in Espoo, Finland, we investigated the role of close social communities in implementing the planned sustainable mobility behaviour change. The findings are presented through 12 household narratives. These narratives show that the adoption of new sustainable mobility behaviours is influenced by both (infra)structural and social relationship factors and that close social communities can hinder or facilitate the shift of everyday mobility behaviours towards being more sustainable in diverse ways. The findings suggest that design interventions should target larger social communities rather than just individuals in order to achieve the 2.5 tonne target. The study also indicates that socially tailored interventions and low-carbon solutions should be developed and targeted at city districts to help households create and maintain lifestyle changes.
The impact of cycling on the physical and mental health, and quality of life of people with disabilities: a scoping review
Authors: Mosser Nina , Norcliffe Glen , Kruse Annika
Published: January 2025

Adaptive cycling holds potential for promoting physical and mental health among individuals with disabilities, who often face barriers to traditional cycling and other forms of exercise. This scoping review systematically examines existing scientific literature to assess the effects of adaptive cycling on the physical and mental health of individuals with disabilities. Following a widely recognized methodological scoping review framework, 35 qualitative and quantitative studies were identified through comprehensive database searches and manual screenings. The review highlights the positive impacts of adaptive cycling on cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and overall physical well-being, as well as improvements in mental health and quality of life. Despite these benefits, significant research gaps remain, particularly concerning adaptive cycling modalities, such as sociable cycles, chair transporters, and power-assisted bikes, which were underrepresented in the existing literature. This review underscores the need for further studies to provide a comprehensive understanding on the effects of different adaptive cycling modalities. Such studies are essential to improve accessibility and ultimately support the health and social inclusion of individuals with disabilities.
Pavement policies: unraveling the Norwegian ban on skateboarding
Authors: Langseth Tommy , Bergsgard Nils Asle
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the historical prohibition of skateboarding in Norway from 1977 to 1989, a unique instance of such a comprehensive ban globally. The study aims to understand the circumstances leading to this ban and the rationale behind it. Two primary explanations emerged around the ban: one from a bureaucratic perspective citing risk management, and the other from skateboarders seeing it as a regulation of their counterculture. We argue that neither narrative alone is sufficient, proposing instead that other mechanisms were at play. Firstly, the ban was the inaugural case under the newly enacted Product Control Act, which was initially designed to address environmental issues. The State Pollution Control Authority found itself ill-prepared to handle the new responsibilities inherent in product control, resulting in diffuse responsibilities across several agencies. Secondly, the ambiguous categorization of skateboards as toys rather than sports equipment influenced the decision to enact the ban. The timing of the skateboard phenomenon coincided with the passing of the Product Control Act, suggesting a case of a solution seeking a problem. In conclusion, we posit that the skateboard ban resulted from a complex interplay of factors, including novel legislation, ambiguous responsibilities, cultural categorizations, and coincidental timing, rather than being solely a response to risk management or counterculture curtailment.
Postoperative tibial plateau angle changes and their influence on ground reaction forces 6 months after TPLO: a prospective study
Authors: Volz Frederik , Eberle Daniela , Kornmayer Matthias , Klever Julius , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to investigate the association between change in postoperative (post-op) tibial plateau angle (TPA) in dogs and cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) during 6 months on the post-op outcome.

Methods

The inclusion criteria included 60 dogs with CCLD treated with TPLO fulfilled. TPA measurements were taken immediately post-op and 6 months post-op by three observers, and change in TPA was calculated. The outcome was evaluated using lameness score, owner questionnaire, and gait analysis performed preoperatively and 6 months post-op.

Results

The mean change in TPA was 0.22 ± 0.75°. The interobserver reliability for TPA measurements was excellent. No differences in TPA measurements between observers were found (p = 0.07–0.105). No association between the change in TPA and outcome was found. The multivariate linear regression model for the symmetry index of peak vertical force (SIPVF) 6 months post-op was significant (R2 = 0.210; p = 0.031), and the TPA at 6 months post-op was the only significant factor (ß = 0.459; 95% CI: 0.41–1.44; p < 0.001), indicating that a lower TPA 6 months post-op results in lower SIPVF values.

Conclusion

The study indicated that lower TPAs 6 months post-op lead to a more symmetrical gait in hindlimbs 6 months post-op. No other significant factor between post-op changes in TPA and outcome after TPLO was found. Our results showed little post-op TPA change up to 6 months. This indicates that change in TPA is not present as reported.
Desensitization With Imlifidase for HLA-Incompatible Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Delphi International Expert Consensus
Authors: Furian Lucrezia , Heemann Uwe , Bengtsson Mats , Bestard Oriol , Binet Isabelle , Böhmig Georg A. , Boletis John , Briggs David , Claas Frans H. J. , Couzi Lionel , Cozzi Emanuele , Crespo Marta , De Vries Aiko P. J. , Diekmann Fritz , Durlik Magdalena , Glotz Denis , Helantera Ilkka , Jackson Annette , Jordan Stanley C. , Kuypers Dirk , Lefaucheur Carmen , Legendre Christophe , Lorant Tomas , Maggiore Umberto , Mamode Nizam , Marinaki Smaragdi , Massart Annick , Müller Thomas , Oberbauer Rainer , Renders Lutz , Roelen Dave , Taupin Jean-Luc , Viklický Ondřej , Vittoraki Angeliki , de Weerd Annelies E. , Naesens Maarten
Published: January 2025

Highly sensitized (HS) patients in need of kidney transplantation (KTx) typically spend a longer time waiting for compatible kidneys, are unlikely to receive an organ offer, and are at increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Desensitization using imlifidase, which is more rapid and removes total body immunoglobulin G (IgG) to a greater extent than other methods, enables transplantation to occur between HLA-incompatible (HLAi) donor–recipient pairs and allows patients to have greater access to KTx. However, when the project was launched there was limited data and clinical experience with desensitization in general and with imlifidase specifically. Hence, this Delphi methodology was used to reach a consensus from a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) of experts from 15 countries on the management of HS patients undergoing imlifidase HLAi from a deceased donor (DD) KTx. This Delphi consensus provides clinical practice guidance on the use of imlifidase in the end-to-end management of HS patients undergoing an HLAi DD KTx and supports centers in the development of guidelines for the utilization and integration of imlifidase into clinical practice.
A Scalable Framework for Sensor Data Ingestion and Real-Time Processing in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Pacella Massimo , Papa Antonio , Papadia Gabriele , Fedeli Emiliano
Published: January 2025

Cloud Manufacturing enables the integration of geographically distributed manufacturing resources through advanced Cloud Computing and IoT technologies. This paradigm promotes the development of scalable and adaptable production systems. However, existing frameworks face challenges related to scalability, resource orchestration, and data security, particularly in rapidly evolving decentralized manufacturing settings. This study presents a novel nine-layer architecture designed specifically to address these issues. Central to this framework is the use of Apache Kafka for robust, high-throughput data ingestion, and Apache Spark Streaming to enhance real-time data processing. This framework is underpinned by a microservice-based architecture that ensures a high scalability and reduced latency. Experimental validation using sensor data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository demonstrated substantial improvements in processing efficiency and throughput compared with conventional frameworks. Key components, such as RabbitMQ, contribute to low-latency performance, whereas Kafka ensures data durability and supports real-time application. Additionally, the in-memory data processing of Spark Streaming enables rapid and dynamic data analysis, yielding actionable insights. The experimental results highlight the potential of the framework to enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and data security, offering a resilient solution suited to the demands of modern industrial applications. This study underscores the contribution of the framework to advancing Cloud Manufacturing by providing detailed insights into its performance, scalability, and applicability to contemporary manufacturing ecosystems.
Swarm Confrontation Algorithm for UGV Swarm with Quantity Advantage by a Novel MSRM-MAPOCA Training Method
Authors: Gao Huanli , Zhao Chongming , Yu Xinghe , Ren Shuangfei , Cai He
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the swarm confrontation problem for two teams of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Different from most of the existing works where the two teams are identical, we consider the scenario of two heterogenous teams. In particular, one team has the quantity advantage while the other has the resilience advantage. Nevertheless, it is verified by standard tests to show that the overall capabilities of these two heterogenous teams are almost the same. The objective of this article is to design a swarm confrontation algorithm for the team with quantity advantage based on the multi-agent reinforcement learning training method. To address the issue of sparse reward which would result in inefficient learning and poor training performance, a novel macro states reward mechanism based on multi-agent posthumous credit assignment (MSRM-MAPOCA) is proposed in this paper, which together with fine-tuned smooth reward design can fully exploit the advantage in quantity and thus leads to outstanding training performance. Based on the Unity 3D platform, comprehensive direct and indirect comparative tests have been conducted, where the results show that the swarm confrontation algorithm proposed in this article triumphs over other classic or up-to-date swarm confrontation algorithms in terms of both win rate and efficiency.
Navigating Change: Experiences of Digitalisation Projects Within the Swedish Transport Administration
Authors: Molin Fredrik , Norrman Brandt Eva
Published: January 2025

Background: Digital transformation has emerged as an important theme in contemporary organisational studies, particularly within public sector institutions striving to enhance operational efficiency, improve service delivery, and foster innovation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of key actors within the Swedish Transport Administration, focusing on the challenges and opportunities associated with digital transformation. The research questions were as follows: (1) How do key actors perceive the effectiveness of the organisation’s management control systems in supporting digitalisation efforts? (2) What challenges and opportunities do key actors identify in the project management approach for implementing digital transformation initiatives? (3) How do key actors view the alignment between project-level goals and the Administration’s overarching strategic goals for digitalisation? Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 18) with participants from the Administration. Data from the interviews were analysed using an open coding approach. Results: The findings revealed that (1) respondents favour a more centralised and cohesive approach to management control, (2) there is a notable lack of expertise in change management, and (3) alignment between strategic and project-level objectives is insufficient, creating challenges in ensuring consistency and coherence in the implementation of digitalisation efforts. Conclusions: The results shed light on issues regarding management control, prioritisation, and the coordination of digitalisation efforts within a public sector administration.
Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918) and the Interaction with Its Hosts: A Review
Authors: Magalhães Tomás , Duarte Amílcar , Pereira José Alberto , Marques Natália T.
Published: January 2025

The cultivation of citrus in the Mediterranean region is of considerable economic importance. The viability of this industry is contingent upon a number of factors, with adequate phytosanitary management being of particular significance. During the last decade, the geographical range of the invasive psyllid, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918), has expanded to the mainland territories of Portugal and Spain. Trioza erytreae acts as a vector for the Huanglongbing disease (HLB). This review presents the current knowledge about the hosts of the psyllid and their attractiveness and suitability. A classification of the hosts according to their suitability, as assessed in the literature, is provided. The attributes of the hosts and the methods used to assess their suitability are described, as well as the climatic factors that affect the psyllid–host interaction. The review emphasises the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of the interactions between the psyllids and their hosts to develop and implement more effective strategies for controlling T. erytreae.
Impacts of Biochar Application on Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Lin Liwen , Peng Yutao , Zhou Lin , Zhang Baige , Chen Qing , Chen Hao
Published: January 2025

Inorganic phosphorus (P) is a key component of soil P pools, influencing their availability and mobility. Although studies on biochar’s effect on inorganic P fractions in various soils are growing, a critical review of these findings is lacking. Herein, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of 74 peer-reviewed datasets, drawing general conclusions and confirming the absence of publication bias through funnel plot statistics. The results showed that biochars can influence soil inorganic P fractions, with their effects depending on biochar (i.e., feedstock, pyrolysis temperature and time, C:N ratio, pH, ash and P content) and soil-related properties (i.e., pH, texture, P content). Specifically, the addition of biochar significantly enhanced the diverse soil inorganic P fractions and P availability (as indicated by Olsen-P). Only biochars produced from wood residues and having high C/N ratios (>200) did not significantly increase the labile P fractions (water extracted soil phosphorus (H2O-P), Olsen-P, and soil calcium compounds bound phosphorus (Ca2-P)). The application of biochars derived from crop residues significantly increased the soil P associated with iron and aluminum oxides, while there was no significant effect on manure- and wood residue-derived biochars. In addition, applications of low temperature biochars and manure residue-derived biochars could increase the proportions of soil highly stable P. We identified knowledge gaps in biochar production and its potential for soil phosphorus regulation. Due to the complex processes by which biochar affects soils, more systematic evaluations and predictive methods (e.g., modeling, machine learning) are needed to support sustainable agriculture and environmental practices.
Effects of Ecological Sea Buckthorn Powder Supplementation on Egg Production and Quality in Free-Range Moravia Black Hens
Authors: Usturoi Alexandru , Doliș Marius-Gheorghe , Rațu Roxana-Nicoleta , Simeanu Cristina , Baltag Florin , Nistor Cătălin-Emilian , Pânzaru Claudia , Radu-Rusu Răzvan-Mihail , Davidescu Mădălina Alexandra , Usturoi Marius-Giorgi
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for sustainable and healthier egg production systems, combined with the need to reduce the use of synthetic additives in poultry feed, has led to an increased interest in natural feed supplements. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with ecological sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) powder on the performance and egg quality of 600 laying hens of the Moravia Black breed, raised in a free-range system. Three groups were included: one control group with standard feed and two experimental groups supplemented with 1% and 2% sea buckthorn powder. Over 11 weeks, parameters such as egg production, feed consumption, and egg quality, including egg weight, volume, shell thickness, and yolk color, were monitored. The 2% supplementation significantly improved egg production, egg weight, shell strength, and yolk carotenoid content, with stable feed consumption and negligible mortality, confirming the additive’s safety. These results highlight the potential of sea buckthorn powder as a natural feed additive to enhance poultry productivity and product quality, supporting sustainable and healthier egg production.
A Specific Time Lag Regulation of Soil Moisture Across Layers on Soil Salinization in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau Agroecosystem
Authors: Wei Di , Zhang Ziqi , Yan Lin , Yu Jia , Zhang Yun , Wang Bo
Published: January 2025

The evaporation of soil water drives the upward movement of salt and its accumulation on the surface, which ultimately leads to soil salinization in agroecosystems. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, the soil water and salt transport can be monitored accurately. Based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery and ERA5-Land reanalysis datasets, this study explored the variation characteristics of soil water and salt in the northeast Tibetan Plateau from 2013 to 2023, inferred by geostatistical methods like ridge regression, windowed cross correlation, and machine learning algorithms. The results show that the negative correlation effect between deep soil moisture (100–289 cm) and soil salinization is stronger. Moreover, soil water and salt also have a time lag effect compared with instant responses, meaning that the soil salinization caused by deep soil moisture may require longer transport times. As the potential driving factors, an increase in soil organic carbon and runoff is beneficial for alleviating salinization while abundant runoff also promotes soil humidification. This study has elucidated the specific regulation of soil salinization by soil moisture within different profiles, which is beneficial for understanding the ecological balance of soil water and soil salt in agroecosystems.
Primary Assessment of Grapevine Cultivars’ Bud Fertility with Diverse Ancestry Following Spring Frost Under Central Poland Environmental Conditions
Authors: Lisek Jerzy
Published: January 2025

Vine damage caused by spring frosts remains one of the main factors threatening grapevine yields in Central European countries, such as Poland. April frosts that followed a very early and warm spring in 2024 caused massive damage to young shoots and primary buds after budburst. This study was conducted on vines of fifty cultivars belonging to Vitis vinifera, interspecific hybrids, and inter-intra- or intra-interspecific hybrids (classified by some sources as V. vinifera), which were obtained via field collection. The aim of this study was to obtain primary results regarding the fertility of secondary, basal, and latent buds. The presence of inflorescences in these buds determines the ability to compensate for yield, i.e., produce a crop after damage to the primary buds. The tested cultivars, which were within the three groups mentioned above, differed significantly in their ability to compensate for yield. The majority of the analyzed V. vinifera cultivars were characterized by lower fertility in their secondary, basal, and latent buds and a reduced ability to compensate for yield after post-budburst freeze damage compared to interspecific hybrids and inter-intra- or intra-interspecific hybrids. Future research, with more comprehensive data collected over a longer period, will provide stronger suggestions for suitable cultivars in regions at risk of spring frost damage.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements to Improve Portulaca oleracea L. Growth, Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency in Hydroponics
Authors: Chrysargyris Antonios , Tzortzakis Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an herbaceous species that is traditionally consumed across the world due to its nutraceutical quality, boasting anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. These traits render purslane an attractive wild edible species for research and commercial exploitation. The current study examined the effect of different nitrogen (N) concentrations (100–200 mg L−1; as N100, N200) in combination with different levels (decreased 0.66-fold: dec, recommended 1-fold: rec, or increased 1.5-fold: inc) of phosphorus (P; 47–70–105 mg L−1) and potassium (K; 250–350–525 mg L−1) in the nutrient solution (NS) used in hydroponic nutrient film technique (NFT) cultivation. The N200_PKinc NS resulted in improved crop growth compared to N200_PKrec NS, suggesting a positive correlation between optimal N levels (i.e., 200 mg L−1) and increased P and K levels (105 and 525 mg L−1, respectively). Plants grown in N200_PKinc revealed decreased antioxidant activity (e.g., DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS), phenols and flavonoids, while simultaneously increased total soluble solids levels. The recommended levels of P and K mirrored low levels in lipid peroxidation, mainly due to the increase in catalase enzymatic activity. Higher nutrient use efficiency was observed when both N100_PKinc and N200_PKinc were applied, resulting in higher yield and enhanced plant growth, while N100_PKinc produced plants with increased antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that both (N200_PKinc and N100_PKinc) NS have potential benefits for the hydroponic cultivation of purslane, with the latter NS offering additional advantages in terms of higher produce quality.
Genetic Uniqueness and Pomological Diversity Among the Apple Accessions Maintained Within the Croatian National Clonal Germplasm Repository
Authors: Čiček Danijel , Konjić Almira , Skendrović Babojelić Martina , Vujević Predrag , Šimon Silvio , Gaši Fuad
Published: January 2025

In the Croatian apple germplasm, there are, presumably, unique genotypes that have not yet been documented in reference molecular databases. Due to similarities between accessions, incorrect names are often used, which creates a problem in the identification of accessions. Overall, 169 apple accessions and 11 reference cultivars from the largest ex situ apple collection in the Republic of Croatia were investigated within this study. The examined accessions have been genotyped using SSR markers. In order to assess the advantage of a high-resolution marker system, such as SNPs, compared to low-resolution markers, such as SSRs, a subset of 23 unique apple accessions and eight reference cultivars were genotyped using the 480K Affymetrix Axiom SNP array. Results obtained through the use of two marker systems revealed 26 synonyms, 40 duplicates, 13 mislabeling accessions, 45 accessions with confirmed identity (known cultivars), and 45 unique accessions, as well as the true identity of a large number of accessions, currently maintained at the Croatian National Apple Germplasm Bank. In order to investigate the pomological variability of unique apples, a three-year study was carried out on eleven pomological traits. The researched germplasm shows an exceptional diversity of pomological properties. Many of the accessions can be considered unique, and the results of the pomological characterization indicated that this germplasm contains valuable traits of interest for future breeding programs.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil CH4, CO2, and N2O Emissions and Their Global Warming Potential in Agricultural Peatlands
Authors: Shi Yao , Wei Xiaowei , Sheng Lianxi , Yang Xuechen
Published: January 2025

Globally, 14–20% of peatlands are affected by agricultural activities, which account for about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions from farmlands. However, how agricultural activities such as nitrogen fertilization affect peatlands’ CH4, CO2 and N2O emission patterns and their resulting warming effects needs to be improved and complemented. Here, we elucidate the characterization of CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions from the soil surface and different depths of the soil profile during the growing season of agricultural peatlands for over 50 years and the mechanisms of their resulting global warming potential (GWP) impact through field monitoring and molecular techniques. The 100-year GWP of peatlands increased by 1200% with N fertilization of 260 kg N ha−1 yr−1. At the soil surface, N fertilization increased CO2 and N2O emissions by 111% and 2600%, respectively, although CH4 emissions decreased by 87%. In the soil profile, N fertilization had a significant effect on CO2 from 0 to 60 cm, resulting in an increase in CO2 concentrations of 14–132%, whereas the top 30 cm of soil was the zone of significant N fertilization effects, with CH4 concentrations decreasing by 49–95% and N2O concentrations increasing by 22–26%. Elevated soil pH and NH4+ were the key environmental factors influencing CH4, CO2 and N2O emissions and their resulting increase in GWP. These results suggest that agricultural N fertilization led to a change in the contributor to the GWP of peatlands from CH4 to N2O, especially in the top 30 cm of soil. This study helps to provide theoretical support for the development of effective peatland management strategies.
Effective Combination of Advancing Transplantation Date with High-Yielding Cultivars for Paddy Rice Could Increase the Yield Potential Under Climate Warming in China
Authors: Zhang He , Zhou Guangsheng , He Qijin
Published: January 2025

Climate change will have a significant impact on agricultural productivity. Rice is one of the main grains in the world, the stability of its production and supply is directly related to global food security. Based on field observation data from 2000 to 2012 and a biophysical process-oriented CERES-Rice crop model at three typical sites, we investigated the effects of cultivar improvement, different transplanting dates and their interactions on rice yield potential in the major paddy rice production areas of China. Rice planting systems were optimized with an optimal combination of varieties and transplanting dates, and their adaptability under future climate conditions (climate projections from five global climate models under four typical concentration path scenarios) was assessed. The results showed that cultivar improvement could increase the rice yield potential by 18.0–41.4%. The appropriate transplanting date might increase the yield potential of the existing rice by 1.9–6.7%. The advance in the transplanting date combined with the application of high-yielding cultivars would prolong the growth period of rice and increase the rice yield potential by 26.3–51.8%. An effective combination of the transplanting date and cultivar is an efficient approach to increase the yield potential of rice. The results provided an important reference and choice for the scientific management of and yield increase in rice in China.
Evaluation of Models for Describing Photosynthetic Light–Response Curves and Estimating Parameters in Rice Leaves at Various Canopy Positions
Authors: Guo Yangjie , Lv Yuping
Published: January 2025

The photosynthetic light–response (Pn/I) curve is a crucial tool for accurately estimating photosynthetic parameters. However, selecting the most suitable model from numerous available light–response models is still difficult because of the complex canopy structure. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different models, including the rectangular hyperbolic model (RHM), non-rectangular hyperbolic model (NRHM), exponential model (EM), and modified rectangular hyperbolic model (MRHM), in modeling Pn/I curves and estimating photosynthetic parameters for rice leaves at various canopy positions. The results showed that the NRHM demonstrated the highest accuracy, and the EM was identified as the most ideal in estimating Pn. The RHM consistently overestimated the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), apparent quantum efficiency (α), dark respiration rate (Rd), and light compensation point (LCP) while underestimating light saturation point (LSP) for all rice leaves. The NRHM overestimated Pnmax, underestimated LSP, and accurately estimated LCP for all leaves, and overestimated α and Rd for top leaves but performed well for lower leaves. The EM excelled in estimating Pnmax and LSP for all leaves and performed well in estimating α for the top third and fourth leaves, Rd for the top four leaves, and LCP for the top six leaves. The MRHM was effective in estimating Pnmax but consistently overestimated α, Rd, and LSP for all leaves.
MultiSenseX: A Sustainable Solution for Multi-Human Activity Recognition and Localization in Smart Environments
Authors: Rizk Hamada , Elmogy Ahmed , Rihan Mohamed , Yamaguchi Hirozumi
Published: January 2025

WiFi-based human sensing has emerged as a transformative technology for advancing sustainable living environments and promoting well-being by enabling non-intrusive and device-free monitoring of human behaviors. This offers significant potential in applications such as smart homes and sustainable urban spaces and healthcare systems that enhance well-being and patient monitoring. However, current research predominantly addresses single-user scenarios, limiting its applicability in multi-user environments. In this work, we introduce “MultiSenseX”, a cutting-edge system leveraging a multi-label, multi-view Transformer-based architecture to achieve simultaneous localization and activity recognition in multi-occupant settings. By employing advanced preprocessing techniques and utilizing the Transformer’s self-attention mechanism, MultiSenseX effectively learns complex patterns of human activity and location from Channel State Information (CSI) data. This approach transcends traditional sequential methods, enabling accurate and real-time analysis in dynamic, multi-user contexts. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates MultiSenseX’s superior performance in both localization and activity recognition tasks, achieving remarkable accuracy and scalability. By enhancing multi-user sensing technologies, MultiSenseX supports the development of intelligent, efficient, and sustainable communities, contributing to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through safer, smarter, and more inclusive urban living solutions.
Tending to the Facial Surfaces of a Mathematical Biology Head-Scratcher: Why Does the Head of the Sea Turtle Natator depressus Resemble a Convex Zygomorphic Dodecahedron?
Authors: Becker David A.
Published: January 2025

Two convex polyhedra that markedly resemble the head of the flatback sea turtle hatchling are identified. The first example is a zygomorphic tetragonal dodecahedron, while the other, an even better matching structure, is a related tetradecahedron, herein speculated to arise from this particular dodecahedron via known mechanisms gleaned from studies of the behavior of foams. A segmented, biomorphic, convex polyhedral model to address cephalic topology is thus presented stemming from solid geometry, anatomical observations, and a recently computed densest local packing arrangement of fifteen slightly oblate spheroids in which fourteen oblate spheroids surround a central such spheroid. This particular array of oblate spheroids shares salient structural features with the aforementioned dodecahedron. Successful testing of the model has been achieved by converting this array of fifteen oblate spheroids constructed with putty to the cephaloid dodecahedron in a process involving ventral elongation induced by stretching in the anterior direction along the anteroposterior axis (convergent extension). During convergent extension, the two left most anterolateral oblate spheroids that are in direct contact with the ventral spheroid of the array merge into a single lateral facet of the incipient dodecahedron, while the corresponding two right such oblate spheroids do the same. Thus, the fourteen outer oblate spheroids of the array give rise to the twelve facets of the finalized dodecahedron, while the central oblate spheroid remnant assumes an interior dodecahedral position. The hypothetical dodecahedron to tetradecahedron transformation entails the collapse of a tetravalent vertex (which is known to occur in foams as part of a T1 transition) followed by bilateral facet splitting. Remarkably, a model stipulating that convexity is to be retained in connection with this sequence of steps necessitates that the starting dodecahedral template undergoes modification to become a tetradecahedron in possession of precisely the highly ordered feature found at the top of the head of numerous specimens of the flatback sea turtle hatchling, namely, a fused medial pentagon–heptagon pair in the form of a pentagonal frontal scute and heptagonal frontoparietal scute. Such a possible new instance of geometric biomorphy, taken together with the correct anticipation of the cephalic pentagon–heptagon pair, might serve to instill further confidence in renewed efforts to shed light on morphogenesis with foam embryo models.
Feeding Sows with Multi-Species Probiotics During Late Pregnancy and the Lactating Period Influences IgA Concentration in Colostrum and Subsequently Increases the Survival Rate of Piglets in Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Outbreak Herd
Authors: Innamma Narathon , Kaeoket Kampon
Published: January 2025

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus is an important cause of diarrhea in sows and piglets [...]
Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Through Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase
Authors: Kaewda Jirawadee , Boonanuntanasarn Surintorn , Sangsawad Papungkorn , Manassila Pimpisut , Nakharuthai Chatsirin
Published: January 2025

Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology to integrate the GULO-encoding gene into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. In this study, fish were divided into four groups: those fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + vitamin C (VC), a basal diet + wild-type B. subtilis (BS), and a basal diet + recombinant B. subtilis (BS+GULO). After 90 days of the feeding trial, the BS+GULO groups showed the highest improvements in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and relative growth rate. The VC, BS, and BS+GULO groups exhibited increased total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity; however, only the VC and BS+GULO groups showed elevated alternative complement 50 levels, phagocytic activity and improved antioxidant parameters compared to the control. HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses revealed elevated serum vitamin C and intestinal GULO mRNA levels in the BS+GULO group. A challenge test showed increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune response against S. agalactiae in the BS+GULO group, indicating improved antagonistic activity over wild-type B. subtilis.
Effects of Seaweed Polysaccharide on the Growth and Physiological Health of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Huang Dongyu , Gu Jiaze , Liang Hualiang , Ren Mingchun , Xue Chunyu
Published: January 2025

A seven-week trial was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharide (SP) supplementation on the growth performance and physiological health of largemouth bass. The results reveal that the 0.05SP group showed the best growth performance. The mRNA expression levels of tor, 4ebp1, and igf1 genes were remarkably down-regulated in the 0.15SP and 0.2SP groups compared to the control group. The CAT activities were significantly increased in the 0.05SP and 0.1SP groups, and the GSH-Px activity was increased in the 0.15SP group. The expression of the immune response-related gene nfκb was significantly down-regulated in the 0.1SP group, and those of tnfα and il-8 were at the maximum in the control group. Moreover, the expression of il-10 in the 0.15SP and 0.2SP groups was significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related expression of atf6 was the highest in the control group. Furthermore, the chopα and bax expression levels in the 0.15SP and 0.2SP groups were significantly down-regulated compared with other groups. In addition, the highest expression level of bcl-xl was observed in the 0.15SP group. Finally, the quadratic regression analysis of antioxidant, immune, and ERS core parameters (CAT, nf-κb, and bcl-xl) determined 0.06–0.11% to be the optimal SP supplemental level in largemouth bass diets.
GENI as an AMPK Activator Binds α and γ Subunits and Improves the Memory Dysfunction of Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models via Autophagy and Neuroprotection
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Lanjie , Chen Danni , Shan Jiaheng , Yi Meijuan , Osada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Minoru , Xiang Lan , Qi Jianhua
Published: January 2025

Geniposidic 4-isoamyl ester (GENI) with anti-aging effects is a new iridoid glycoside derivative from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis found in our previous study. In this study, to indicate whether this compound has anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effect, the galactose-induced AD mice and naturally aging mice with AD were used to do drug efficacy evaluation. Furthermore, the Western blot, small interfering RNA (siRNA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CESTA), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS), adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mutants and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis were utilized to clarify the mechanism of action and identify target protein of this molecule. GENI exerts anti-AD efficacy in galactose-induced AD mice and naturally aging mice with AD through neuroprotection and modification of autophagy and neuron inflammation. Moreover, AMPK as the target protein of GENI to produce an anti-AD effect is identified and the ASP148, ASP157, and ASP166 of the AMPK α subunit and lysine (LYS)148, aspartic acid (ASP)156, LYS309, and ASP316 in the AMPK γ subunit as binding sites are confirmed. Meanwhile, the AMPK/unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1)/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways involved in anti-AD effects of GENI. The findings provide a new perspective on treating neurodegenerative diseases by activating AMPK for the energy metabolism disorder.
Robust Position Control of a Knee-Joint Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Using a Linear Matrix Inequalities-Based Design Approach
Authors: Jenhani Sahar , Gritli Hassène , Narayan Jyotindra
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on developing a control methodology for exoskeleton robots designed for lower limb rehabilitation, specifically addressing the needs of elderly individuals and pediatric therapy. The approach centers on implementing an affine state-feedback controller to effectively regulate and stabilize the knee-joint exoskeleton robot at a desired position. The robot’s dynamics are nonlinear, accounting for unknown parameters, solid and viscous frictions, and external disturbances. To ensure robust stabilization, the Lyapunov approach is utilized to derive a set of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions, guaranteeing the stability of the position error. The derivation of these LMI conditions is grounded in a comprehensive theoretical framework that employs advanced mathematical tools, including the matrix inversion lemma, Young’s inequality, the Schur complement, the S-procedure, and specific congruence transformations. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed LMI conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the control strategy in achieving robust and accurate positioning of the lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robotic system.
Real-Time Recognition of Korean Traditional Dance Movements Using BlazePose and a Metadata-Enhanced Framework
Authors: Kim Hae Sun
Published: January 2025

This study presents the implementation of an AI-based prototype for recognizing Korean traditional dance movements using a metadata-enhanced dataset. The research was conducted in three stages. First, a classification framework was developed to reflect the unique characteristics of Korean traditional dance. Second, video data were collected from existing and newly filmed sources, and a metadata set was created by labeling five fundamental movements for training. Third, the BlazePose model was applied to generate real-time skeletal key points, which were integrated with the metadata-enhanced dataset and processed using a customized approach to recognize dance movements in real time. The developed prototype successfully recognizes five fundamental Korean traditional dance movements and demonstrates the potential of AI technology in analyzing complex motion patterns. By integrating existing AI models with a domain-specific dataset, this study provides a systematic approach to the digital preservation and modern reinterpretation of traditional arts. Furthermore, the methodology can be extended to recognize dance movements from other cultures, offering new possibilities for the preservation and transmission of intangible cultural heritage through digital technology.
The Association Between Sand Body Distribution and Fault of Zhuhai Formation on the North Slope of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Geer , Zhu Rui , Si Zhenyu , Liu Mengmeng
Published: January 2025

This paper is predominantly intended to explore the distribution rule of the sand body of the Zhuhai Formation on the north slope of the Baiyun Sag. The Zhuhai Formation was deposited during a rifting phase. Influenced by tectonic movements, the investigated area developed a set of contemporaneous normal faults extending in the near W-E direction. The formation of faults alters the palaeomorphology, exerting a certain influence on the distribution of sedimentary sand deposits. To clarify the correlation between faults and sand bodies will be advantageous for an even distribution of sand bodies in the Zhuhai Formation. This paper systematically integrates the results of previous research findings, drillcore logging and analysis, and 3D seismic data. The seismic sedimentology method is adopted to identify three types of fracture systems and four types of associations between the sand body distribution and faults in the investigated area. In line with the difference of the fault inclination and spatial relationship, faults can be divided into three types, namely, the graben-type, transition zone, and syntropy-type. Graben-type fault combinations exhibit the opposite dip. Syntropy-type fault combinations display the same dip. Transition zone faults intersect at a tiny angle. It is noteworthy that the existence of a fault will exert a certain influence on the sediment transport direction and distribution pattern. On the basis of the fault group classification, four associations between the sand body distribution and graben-type, transport-type, syntropy-ladder-type, and syntropy-lifting-type faults are identified by considering taking into account these base shape factors. The syntropy-ladder type is conducive to the extension of the sediment along the source direction. Both graben-type and syntropy-lifting-type faults can accumulate sediments. The transport type changes the direction of the sediment supply.
Optimizing Deep Learning Acceleration on FPGA for Real-Time and Resource-Efficient Image Classification
Authors: Mouri Zadeh Khaki Ahmad , Choi Ahyoung
Published: January 2025

Deep learning (DL) has revolutionized image classification, yet deploying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on edge devices for real-time applications remains a significant challenge due to constraints in computation, memory, and power efficiency. This work presents an optimized implementation of VGG16 and VGG19, two widely used CNN architectures, for classifying the CIFAR-10 dataset using transfer learning on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Utilizing the Xilinx Vitis-AI and TensorFlow2 frameworks, we adapt VGG16 and VGG19 for FPGA deployment through quantization, compression, and hardware-specific optimizations. Our implementation achieves high classification accuracy, with Top-1 accuracy of 89.54% and 87.47% for VGG16 and VGG19, respectively, while delivering significant reductions in inference latency (7.29× and 6.6× compared to CPU-based alternatives). These results highlight the suitability of our approach for resource-efficient, real-time edge applications. Key contributions include a detailed methodology for combining transfer learning with FPGA acceleration, an analysis of hardware resource utilization, and performance benchmarks. This work underscores the potential of FPGA-based solutions to enable scalable, low-latency DL deployments in domains such as autonomous systems, IoT, and mobile devices.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Processes in Food Technology and Their Applications in the Food Industry
Authors: Szpicer Arkadiusz , Bińkowska Weronika , Stelmasiak Adrian , Zalewska Magdalena , Wojtasik-Kalinowska Iwona , Piwowarski Karol , Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna , Półtorak Andrzej
Published: January 2025

In this review, the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in analyzing thermal processes within food technology is explored. The focus is on understanding heat transfer, fluid flow, and temperature distribution during various food processing methods, such as baking, frying, pasteurization, and cooling. Detailed insights that are often challenging to obtain through experimental methods alone are provided by CFD simulations, allowing for the optimization of process parameters to enhance product quality and safety. It is demonstrated that CFD can effectively model complex thermal phenomena, providing valuable data on temperature gradients and flow patterns. These simulations assist in the designing of more efficient processing equipment, improving energy consumption, and ensuring uniform heat treatment, which is crucial for maintaining the nutritional and sensory attributes of food products. Furthermore, the integration of CFD in the food industry leads to significant advancements in product development, reducing the time and cost associated with experimental trials. Future research should focus on refining these models for greater accuracy and exploring their application in emerging food processing technologies.