bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal Sonography in Infertility
Authors: Bora Rishabh , Malhotra Bora Neharika
Published: October 2013

Transvaginal sonography offers a very accurate, easy and reproducible method to evaluate the female pelvis and the female factors of infertility. The addition of color gives us more information about organ perfusion and addition of 3D has opened a new dimension to diagnosis of pelvic pathologies. Transvaginal sonography has an important role in the management of infertility. Serial pelvic ultrasound examinations are useful in monitoring patients undergoing ovulation induction using ovulation-inducing drugs. In addition, the correct prediction of timing of ovulation is critical for infertility therapies such as intrauterine insemination, artificial or therapeutic insemination using donor sperm and the timing of intercourse during ovulation induction therapies.

More than any other new method, ultrasound has made significant improvements in modern management of infertility.

How to cite this article

Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Bora NM, Bora R, Malhotra K. Transvaginal Sonography in Infertility. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):462-474.
Late Onset Brain Anomalies: Tumors, Cysts and Hemorrhages
Authors: Volpe Grazia , D'Addario Vincenzo
Published: October 2013

Most fetal brain anomalies can be diagnosed during the second trimester scan performed to screen for fetal malformations. However; there are some cerebral pathologies which become evident only during the late second and third trimester of pregnancy. Occupying space lesions, such as tumors, cysts, vascular malformations and hemorrhages frequently appear as late onset complications in a fetus diagnosed as normal during the second trimester anomaly scan.

In this review paper the sonographic patterns of these anomalies will be described. Particular attention will be paid to the prognosis, which is extremely variable, ranging from the lethal outcome of huge brain tumors, to severe neurological handicap of severe hemorrhages or leukomalacic cysts, to normal postnatal outcome of some arachnoid cysts.

How to cite this article

D'Addario V, Capuano P, Volpe G. Late Onset Brain Anomalies: Tumors, Cysts and Hemorrhages. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):484-491.
KANET Diagnosis of Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence at 30 Weeks
Authors: Honemeyer Ulrich , Pour-Mirza Afshin , Kasirsky Jennifer
Published: October 2013

We are reporting the case of a 40 years old 2nd gravida, 1 para. At 26 weeks of the reported pregnancy, fetal movements stopped suddenly and almost completely within 24 hours. At 30w2d she was referred for Doppler scan and fetal biometry. In ultrasonography (US) normal morphology was seen. Biometry corresponded to 28w1d. Outstanding observation was the permanent immobility of the entire fetus in four-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US). We found during two US examinations an abnormal KANET test, the first at 30w2d with a score of 3 points, and the second at 31w4d, with a score of 4 points. Cardiotocography (CTG) demonstrated complete loss of variability and accelerations. The patient developed severe polyhydramnios at 33 weeks. After lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) because of breech position, the newborn required ventilation, and passed away after 5 days.

How to cite this article

Honemeyer U, Kasirsky J, Pour-Mirza A, Kurjak A. KANET Diagnosis of Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence at 30 Weeks. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):500-505.
The Effect of Post-Event Processing on Mood, Self-Beliefs, and Interpretive Biases
Authors: Makkar Steve R. , Grisham Jessica R.
Published: October 2013

Cognitive models of social phobia (e.g., Clark & Wells, 1995; Hoffman, 2007) propose that post-event processing (PEP), the act of engaging in a negatively-biased analysis of a prior social situation, contributes to the maintenance of this disorder. The current study examined the effects of engaging in a cognitive-based, abstract-evaluative form of PEP (AE-PEP) on affect and cognition in and high and low socially anxious individuals. In addition, a novel ambiguous social-interaction task was used to maximise ecological relevance. Participants engaged in either AE-PEP or distraction following a discussion group interaction. The results demonstrated that compared to distraction, high socially anxious participants that engaged in AE-PEP reported more negative affect, greater endorsement of negative self-beliefs, and greater interpretative biases. Significant effects of AE-PEP over distraction were not observed in low socially anxious individuals. The results provide support for cognitive models of social phobia, indicating that PEP is a key maintaining factor.
A Laboratory Investigation of Anxious Cognition: How Subliminal Cues Alter Perceptual Sensitivity to Threat
Authors: Jusyte Aiste , Schönenberg Michael
Published: October 2013

Emotional stimuli represent a category of signals that are relevant for survival. This relevance is reflected in the prioritization of threatening over neutral information, which has been demonstrated for inherently threatening stimuli and stimuli with acquired affective significance. The present study aimed to investigate whether threatening cues presented without conscious awareness have an impact on perceptual judgements. For this purpose, neutral or angry facial expressions associated with prior congruent (Experiment 1), incongruent (Experiment 3) or no aversive learning (Experiment 2) were presented subliminally in a perceptual decision task. During the task, subjects rated mask faces that varied in emotion intensity ranging from neutral to angry. Subjects tended to make more “angry” responses only when the subliminal stimulus was angry and had been previously paired with an aversive experience. These findings may have direct clinical relevance because similar mechanisms could account for cognitive biases in anxiety disorders.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relations between Working Memory Performance and Worry
Authors: Bredemeier Keith , Berenbaum Howard
Published: October 2013

Whereas past theorizing has posited that worrying disrupts working memory, the present study aimed to explore the idea that working memory deficits may contribute to the tendency to worry, and perhaps the etiology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). College students (N = 198) completed questionnaire measures of worry and anhedonic depression, a clinical interview to assess symptoms of GAD, and two working memory tasks: the n-back task and the operation span (OSPAN) task. Also, a subset of these participants (n = 38) reported their levels of worry and anhedonic depression during the past week again at the end of the academic semester. Initial levels of worry and symptoms of GAD were negatively associated with n-back (but not OSPAN) performance. Furthermore, n-back performance predicted levels of recent worry at follow-up, even after controlling for baseline worry. In contrast, anhedonic depression was not significantly associated with task performance (cross-sectionally or prospectively). Potential implications of these findings for theories and treatment of worry are discussed.
You See What you Fear: Spiders Gain Preferential Access to Conscious Perception in Spider-Phobic Patients
Authors: Gerdes Antje B. M. , Alpers Georg W.
Published: October 2013

In phobic individuals, behavioral responses to phobia-related cues are facilitated and brain responses are augmented. It has rarely been investigated whether this preferential processing is accompanied by an altered conscious perception of phobia-related cues. We used binocular rivalry to investigate conscious perception of phobia-related cues in phobic individuals. 21 spider-phobic patients and 20 non-anxious control participants viewed pictures of spiders or flowers, each paired with a neutral pattern under conditions of binocular rivalry. Spider-phobic patients more often reported that they saw spider pictures as the first percept, and the total duration of seeing spider percepts was significantly longer in patients than in non-anxious participants. A second experiment was conducted to rule out that these differences were caused by different response criteria. Results support the validity of self-report in Experiment 1. In sum, predominance of phobia-related cues in binocular rivalry provides evidence that phobia-related cues gain preferential access to visual awareness in phobic individuals.
Adolescent Worry Induction: An Experimental Laboratory Evaluation
Authors: Frala Jamie , Mischel Emily , Knapp Ashley , Autry Kevin , Leen-Feldner Ellen
Published: October 2013

Available research indicates that worry is an important process in need of further investigation, particularly among adolescents. While a sizable body of literature has examined the nature, prevalence, and correlates of worry in both adults and youth, laboratory investigations of this variable using a real-time worry induction paradigm have been completed almost exclusively with adults. The current study aimed to extend the literature by experimentally examining the validity of a worry induction in a sample of adolescents. Fifty adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years were randomly assigned to either a worry or a neutral thought condition. Results provided initial support for the validity of using an ideographic worry induction procedure with adolescents, suggesting the induction produces elevated generalized negative affectivity and future-oriented mentation relative to a control group. Unexpectedly, predictions regarding the effects of the induction on verbal-linguistic thoughts were not supported. Results are discussed in terms of their convergence and divergence with the adult literature as well as relevant developmental factors to consider in future utilization of worry induction procedures in order to better understand the phenomenology and consequences of worry among youth.
The role of vegetation in the CO2 flux from a tropical urban neighbourhood
Authors: Velasco E. , Roth M. , Tan S. H. , Quak M. , Nabarro S. D. A. , Norford L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Urban surfaces are usually net sources of CO2. Vegetation can potentially have an important role in reducing the CO2 emitted by anthropogenic activities in cities, particularly when vegetation is extensive and/or evergreen. A direct and accurate estimation of carbon uptake by urban vegetation is difficult due to the particular characteristics of the urban ecosystem and high variability in tree distribution and species. Here, we investigate the role of urban vegetation in the CO2 flux from a residential neighbourhood in Singapore using two different approaches. CO2 fluxes measured directly by eddy covariance are compared with emissions estimated from emissions factors and activity data. The latter includes contributions from vehicular traffic, household combustion, soil respiration and human breathing. The difference between estimated emissions and measured fluxes should approximate the flux associated with the aboveground vegetation. In addition, a tree survey was conducted to estimate the annual CO2 sequestration using allometric equations and an alternative model of the metabolic theory of ecology for tropical forests. Palm trees, banana plants and turfgrass were also included in the survey with their annual CO2 uptake obtained from published growth rates. Both approaches agree within 2% and suggest that vegetation sequesters 8% of the total emitted CO2 in the residential neighbourhood studied. An uptake of 1.4 ton km−2 day−1 (510 ton km−2 yr−1) was estimated as the difference between assimilation by photosynthesis minus the aboveground biomass respiration during daytime (4.0 ton km−2 day−1) and release by plant respiration at night (2.6 ton km−2 day−1). However, when soil respiration is added to the daily aboveground flux, the biogenic component becomes a net source amounting to 4% of the total CO2 flux and represents the total contribution of urban vegetation to the carbon flux to the atmosphere.
Measurement of the Arctic UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy
Authors: Castelli E. , M. Dinelli B. , Del Bianco S. , Gerber D. , Moyna B. P. , Siddans R. , Kerridge B. J. , Cortesi U.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in Atmospheric Limb Sounding) is a limb viewing instrument working in the millimetre and sub-millimetre spectral regions (from 294 to 349 GHz). The scientific rationale of MARSCHALS is the study of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere region. In March 2010 MARSCHALS was deployed on-board the M-55 Geophysica stratospheric aircraft during the PREMIER(PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation)-Ex field campaign. From the campaign base at Kiruna, Sweden, a research flight to investigate the Arctic atmosphere was conducted. For the first time the instrument fully exploited the three spectral bands. In this paper, we present results of the analysis of MARSCHALS measurements acquired during the PREMIER-Ex flight as processed by the Millimetre-wave Atmospheric Retrieval Code. For the second time after the SCOUT-O3 flight in 2005, MARSCHALS measured vertical distributions of temperature, water vapour, ozone and nitric acid over an altitude range of 4 to 24 km. In addition, vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide were obtained for the first time. The measurements were performed in clear sky conditions and in presence of low and high altitude clouds (that were able to obscure measurements in the middle infrared spectroscopic region) and some information about thick clouds were extracted from the data. The capabilities to derive information on upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric vertical profiles of temperature and minor constituents from millimetre-wave limb sounding observations in the northern polar region are presented and discussed for each of the individual targets. The results of MARSCHALS data analysis contributed to demonstrate the scientific relevance and technical feasibility of millimetre-wave limb-sounding of the UTLS proposed for the ESA Earth Explorer 7 candidate Core Mission PREMIER. PREMIER was not selected at the end of the Earth Explorer 7 evaluation process, but it is still being considered for future launch opportunities.
Volcanic ash infrared signature: realistic ash particle shapes compared to spherical ash particles
Authors: Kylling A. , Kahnert M. , Lindqvist H. , Nousiainen T.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The reverse absorption technique is often used to detect volcanic clouds from thermal infrared satellite measurements. From these measurements particle size and mass loading may also be estimated using radiative transfer modelling. The radiative transfer modelling usually assumes that the ash particles are spherical. We calculate thermal infrared optical properties of highly irregular and porous ash particles and compare these with mass- and volume-equivalent spherical models. Furthermore, brightness temperatures pertinent to satellite observing geometry are calculated for the different ash particle shapes. Non-spherical shapes and volume-equivalent spheres are found to produce a detectable ash signal for larger particle sizes than mass-equivalent spheres. The assumption of mass-equivalent spheres for ash mass loading estimates will underestimate the mass loading by several tens of percent compared to morphologically complex inhomogeneous ash particles.
Comparative time-series analysis of MeV electron data by Ulysses and Pioneer 10/11 in the Jovian magnetosphere
Authors: Dunzlaff P. , Heber B. , Kopp A. , Potgieter M. S.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere is dominated by the planet's fast rotation with a period of ~ 10 h. Within the magnetosphere, this periodicity can in particular be seen in the temporal variation of the spectral index of MeV electrons: every ~ 10 h the counting rates show a maximum (minimum), while the spectral index shows a minimum (maximum) known as the Jovian "clock" mechanism. In this study we re-analyse Ulysses and Pioneer 10/11 data and show that another periodic modulation in the MeV electrons can be identified, manifested by local maxima of the spectral index and local minima of the counting rates. For Ulysses, this modulation can be observed throughout the magnetosphere near the magnetic equator, suggesting an azimuthal asymmetric distribution of MeV electrons near the current sheet. This modulation is found to trail the "clock" mechanism by ~ 3.25 h. The Pioneer 10 data, however, only show occasional evidence of the presence of these local maxima while there is no evidence of this modulation in the Pioneer 11 data. A comparison of the times of observed minor peaks and Ulysses' distance from the current sheet using a simple rigid disc model as well as the model of Khurana and Schwarzl (2005) is performed.
Modeling the large-scale effects of surface moisture heterogeneity on wetland carbon fluxes in the West Siberian Lowland
Authors: Bohn T. J. , Podest E. , Schroeder R. , Pinto N. , McDonald K. C. , Glagolev M. , Filippov I. , Maksyutov S. , Heimann M. , Chen X. , Lettenmaier D. P.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We used a process-based model to examine the role of spatial heterogeneity of surface and sub-surface water on the carbon budget of the wetlands of the West Siberian Lowland over the period 1948–2010. We found that, while surface heterogeneity (fractional saturated area) had little overall effect on estimates of the region's carbon fluxes, sub-surface heterogeneity (spatial variations in water table depth) played an important role in both the overall magnitude and spatial distribution of estimates of the region's carbon fluxes. In particular, to reproduce the spatial pattern of CH4 emissions recorded by intensive in situ observations across the domain, in which very little CH4 is emitted north of 60° N, it was necessary to (a) account for CH4 emissions from unsaturated wetlands and (b) use spatially varying methane model parameters that reduced estimated CH4 emissions in the northern (permafrost) half of the domain (and/or account for lower CH4 emissions under inundated conditions). Our results suggest that previous estimates of the response of these wetlands to thawing permafrost may have overestimated future increases in methane emissions in the permafrost zone.
Physical and remineralization processes govern the cobalt distribution in the deep western Atlantic ocean
Authors: Dulaquais G. , Boye M. , Rijkenberg M. J. A. , Carton X.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The distributions of the bio-essential trace element dissolved Co (DCo) and the apparent particulate Co (PCo) are presented along the GEOTRACES-A02 deep section from 64° N to 50° S in the West Atlantic Ocean. PCo was determined as the difference between total cobalt (TCo, unfiltered samples) and DCo. DCo concentrations ranged from 14.7 pM to 94.3 pM, and PCo concentrations from undetectable values to 18.8 pM. The lowest DCo concentrations were observed in the subtropical domains, and the highest in the low-oxygenated Atlantic Central Waters (ACW) that appeared to be the major reservoir of DCo in the West Atlantic. In the Antarctic Bottom Waters, the enrichment in DCo with ageing of the water-mass can be related to suspension and redissolution of bottom sediments a well as diffusion of DCo from abyssal sediments. Mixing and dilution of deep water-masses, rather than scavenging of DCo onto settling particles, generated the meridional decrease of DCo along the southward large-scale circulation in the deep West Atlantic. Furthermore the apparent scavenged profile of DCo observed in the deep waters likely resulted from the persistence of relatively high concentrations in intermediate waters and low DCo concentrations in underlaying bottom waters. We suggested that the 2010 Icelandic volcanic eruption can be a source of DCo that could have been transported in the core of the North-East Atlantic Deep Waters. At intermediate depths, the high concentrations of DCo recorded in the ACW linearly correlated with the apparent utilization of oxygen (AOU), indicating that remineralization of DCo can be significant (representing up to 29% of the DCo present). Furthermore the preferential remineralization of phosphate (P) compared to Co in these low-oxygenated waters suggested a decoupling between the deep cycles of P and Co. The vertical diffusion of DCo from the ACW appeared to be a significant source of DCo into the surface waters of the equatorial domain. Summarizing the dilution and mixing processes rather than scavenging of DCo, and the remineralization can be the two major pathways controlling the cycling of DCo in the intermediate and deep West Atlantic.
A new climate dataset for systematic assessments of climate change impacts as a function of global warming
Authors: Heinke J. , Ostberg S. , Schaphoff S. , Frieler K. , Müller C. , Gerten D. , Meinshausen M. , Lucht W.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. In the ongoing political debate on climate change, global mean temperature change (ΔTglob) has become the yardstick by which mitigation costs, impacts from unavoided climate change, and adaptation requirements are discussed. For a scientifically informed discourse along these lines, systematic assessments of climate change impacts as a function of ΔTglob are required. The current availability of climate change scenarios constrains this type of assessment to a narrow range of temperature change and/or a reduced ensemble of climate models. Here, a newly composed dataset of climate change scenarios is presented that addresses the specific requirements for global assessments of climate change impacts as a function of ΔTglob. A pattern-scaling approach is applied to extract generalised patterns of spatially explicit change in temperature, precipitation and cloudiness from 19 Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). The patterns are combined with scenarios of global mean temperature increase obtained from the reduced-complexity climate model MAGICC6 to create climate scenarios covering warming levels from 1.5 to 5 degrees above pre-industrial levels around the year 2100. The patterns are shown to sufficiently maintain the original AOGCMs' climate change properties, even though they, necessarily, utilise a simplified relationships between ΔTglob and changes in local climate properties. The dataset (made available online upon final publication of this paper) facilitates systematic analyses of climate change impacts as it covers a wider and finer-spaced range of climate change scenarios than the original AOGCM simulations.
Hydrological modelling of a slope covered with shallow pyroclastic deposits from field monitoring data
Authors: Greco R. , Comegna L. , Damiano E. , Guida A. , Olivares L. , Picarelli L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. A one-dimensional hydrological model of a slope covered with pyroclastic materials is proposed. The soil cover is constituted by layers of loose volcanic ashes and pumices, with a total thickness between 1.8 m and 2.5 m, lying upon a fractured limestone bedrock. The mean inclination of the slope is around 40°, slightly larger than the friction angle of the ashes. Thus, the equilibrium of the slope, significantly affected by the cohesive contribution exerted by soil suction in unsaturated conditions, may be altered by rainfall infiltration. The model assumes a single homogeneous soil layer occupying the entire depth of the cover, and takes into account seasonally variable canopy interception of precipitation and root water uptake by vegetation, mainly constituted by deciduous chestnut woods with a dense underbrush growing during late spring and summer. The bottom boundary condition links water potential at the soil–bedrock interface with the fluctuations of the water table of the aquifer located in the fractured limestone, which is conceptually modelled as a linear reservoir. Most of the model parameters have been assigned according to literature indications or from experimental data. Soil suction and water content data measured between 1 January 2011 and 20 July 2011 at a monitoring station installed along the slope allowed the remaining parameters to be identified. The calibrated model, which reproduced very closely the data of the calibration set, has been applied to the simulation of the hydrological response of the slope to the hourly precipitation record of 1999, when a large flow-like landslide was triggered close to the monitored location. The simulation results show that the lowest soil suction ever attained occurred just at the time the landslide was triggered, indicating that the model is capable of predicting slope failure conditions.
A shallow-flow model for the propagation of tsunamis over complex geometries and mobile beds
Authors: Conde D. A. S. , Baptista M. A. V. , Sousa Oliveira C. , Ferreira R. M. L.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. A distinguishable feature of overland tsunami propagation is the incorporation of solids within the flow column, either sediment from the natural environment or remains from built infrastructure. This article describes a 2DH (two-dimensional horizontal) mathematical model particularly suited for tsunami propagation over complex and dynamic geometries, such as river and estuarine mobile beds. The discretization scheme is based on a finite-volume method using a flux-splitting technique featuring a reviewed Roe–Riemann solver, with appropriate source-term formulations to ensure full conservativeness. The model is validated with laboratory data and paleo-tsunami evidence. As a forecasting application, it is applied to a tsunami scenario in the Tagus estuary, an effort justified by the numerous catastrophic tsunamis that are known to have struck this location over the past two millennia. The obtained results show that, despite the significant differences in Lisbon's layout and morphology, a 1755-like tsunami would still inflict a devastating impact on this major city.
Seismogenic frictional melting in the magmatic column
Authors: Kendrick J. E. , Lavallée Y. , Hess K.-U. , De Angelis S. , Ferk A. , Gaunt H. E. , Dingwell D. B. , Leonhardt R.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Lava dome eruptions subjected to high extrusion rates commonly evolve from endogenous to exogenous growth and limits to their structural stability hold catastrophic potential as explosive eruption triggers. In the conduit, strain localisation in magma, accompanied by seismogenic failure, marks the onset of brittle magma ascent dynamics. The rock record of exogenous dome structures preserves vestiges of cataclastic processes (Cashman et al., 2008; Kennedy and Russell, 2011) and of thermal anomalies (Kendrick et al., 2012), key to unravelling subsurface processes. Here, a combined structural, thermal and magnetic investigation of a shear band crosscutting a large block erupted in 2010 at Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV) reveals evidence of faulting and frictional melting within the magmatic column. The mineralogy of this pseudotachylyte vein offers confirmation of complete recrystallisation with an isothermal remanent magnetisation signature that typifies local electric currents in faults. The pseudotachylyte presents an impermeable barrier, which is thought to have influenced the degassing pathway. Such melting events may be linked to the step-wise extrusion of magma accompanied by repetitive long-period (LP) drumbeat seismicity at SHV (Neuberg et al., 2006). Frictional melting of SHV andesite in a high velocity rotary shear apparatus highlights the small slip distances (< 15 cm) required to bring 800 °C magma to melting point at upper conduit stress conditions (10 MPa). We conclude that frictional melting is an inevitable consequence of seismogenic, conduit-dwelling magma fracture during dome building eruptions and that it may have an important influence on magma ascent dynamics.
Abaclat & Others v. Argentine Republic: Decision on Jurisdiction and Admissibility (ICSID)
Authors: Karamanian Susan L.
Published: October 2013

The past decade has witnessed an increase in the number of investor-State arbitrations. With the increase has been a widening of the range and deepening of the complexity of issues raised, addressed, and resolved in the cases. In recent years, novel procedural issues have surfaced. One of them is whether arbitral tribunals have the authority to adjudicate claims of multiple investors in a single proceeding, and if so, how they should conduct the arbitration. In 2011, the tribunal in Abaclat & Others v. Argentine Republic, constituted under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), held that claims of more than one investor, in fact, multiple investors, are admissible and that the tribunal had jurisdiction over them. Since Abaclat, another tribunal has similarly held that collective claims could be heard under the ICSID framework.2 The issue of multiple investors is one that will likely not fade so it is fitting that the Abaclat decision be re-published in International Legal Materials to promote wider access to it.
Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications
Authors: Fidler David P.
Published: October 2013

On December 14, 2012, member states of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approved the Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications. The ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations fostering cooperation on information and communication technologies, and, through world conferences, it periodically revises the International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs), a treaty the ITU adopted in 1988 However, in December 2012, the Final Acts, the manner in which they were approved, and the World Conference proved controversial, and these controversies will adversely affect the impact of the Final Acts and the revised ITRs on international telecommunications law.
Handing Down and Writing Down: Metadiscourses of Tradition among the Bandanese of Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Kaartinen Timo
Published: October 2013

The topic of this article is the reproduction of tradition among the Bandanese, an Eastern Indonesian people. I analyze the style and rhetoric of songs that tell about ancestral sea voyages. The question I address is what happens to the value of the songs as tradition when they turn from oral performances into circulating texts. I explore several contexts of performance and transmission and argue that the songs can be embedded in lived realities in different ways. By writing the songs down, the Bandanese reorganize their tradition into new genres of text and performance. Their metadiscourse of tradition affirms that these genres represent the exemplary, complete language of the ancestors. Although singers and writers affirm the artistic, textual, and cultural completeness of their arts, they are reluctant to pass on their knowledge in an already integrated form.
Elastic and Inelastic Interaction Behaviours for the (2+1)-Dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov Equation in Water Waves
Authors: Zhao Li-Hua , Dai Chao-Qing , Wang Yue-Yue
Published: October 2013

A modified mapping method and new ansätz form are used to derive three families of variable separation solutions with two arbitrary functions of the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation in water waves. By selecting appropriate functions in the variable separation solution, we discuss interaction behaviours among dromion-pair and dromion-like peakon-pair and dromionlike semifoldon-pair. The analysis results exhibit that the interaction behaviours between dromionpair and dromion-like peakon-pair, dromion-pair and semifoldon-pair, dromion-like peakon-pair and semifoldon-pair are all incomplete elastic, and there exists a phase shift. The interaction behaviour between two dromion-like semifoldon-pairs is completely elastic, and no phase shift appears after interaction. Moreover, during the interactions between dromion-pair and semifoldon-pair, dromionlike peakon-pair and semifoldon-pair, and between two dromion-like semifoldon-pairs, there all exist a multi-valued semifoldon-pair.
Ragweed (Ambrosia L.) pollen in aeroplankton of Lublin (Poland) and Lviv (Ukraine)
Authors: Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Voloshchuk Kateryna , Sulborska Aneta , Kalinovych Nataliya , Vorobets Nataliya
Published: October 2013

In Europe Ambrosia is included in invasive species. Its pollen contains very strong allergens that can be the cause of pollinosis at the turn of summer and autumn. The aim of the present study was to compare Ambrosia pollen concentrations in the air of Lublin and Lviv and to analyse the effect of weather conditions on Ambrosia pollen content in the air. The study was carried out in 2011 and 2012. In Lublin the volumetric method was applied using a Lanzoni VPPS 2000 trap, whereas in Lviv the gravimetric method was applied using a Durham trap. To make the results comparable, the data obtained by the gravimetric method were properly counted and expressed as the number of pollen grains per 1 m3 of air. This research shows that the Ambrosia pollen season started about a month earlier in Lviv and lasted longer than in Lublin. In Lviv ragweed pollen was recorded from the beginning of July, while in Lublin from the second week of August. The pollen season in both cities ended on different days of October. The seasonal peaks in both years and the annual pollen count in 2011 were much higher in Lublin than in Lviv. In both cities air temperature was the most important meteorological factor affecting pollen concentrations. During the pollen season in Lublin, the wind was predominantly from NE and E directions, whereas in Lviv from N and SE.
The size structure of ramets in Dianthus superbus L. in mosaic meadow vegetation
Authors: Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga
Published: October 2013

The present investigations were carried out in the years 2010–2012 in Kraków-Opatkowice (Southern Poland). The observations were conducted in patches of abandoned Molinietum caeruleae meadows with different dominant species. Patch LM was dominated by low meadow species, forming small procumbent shoots and delicate belowground organs; patch TM was occupied by tall-growing taxa creating large tussocks or robust rhizomes; patch SH was overgrown by shrubs and trees with wide spreading roots. In all patches, the number of ramet clusters of Dianthus superbus was low and constant during the whole study period. All populations showed signs of advanced senility due to the absence of individuals in pre-reproductive stages and the occurrence of generative ramet clusters only. The total number of aboveground units per ramet cluster declined, while the leaf length, height of vegetative and generative stems as well as the size of inflorescences and flowers increased from patch LM to patch TM to patch SH. The presented results provide valuable data concerning the state of ramet clusters studied and their prospects for survival in inhabited sites.
The species diversity of cereal and root communities in the municipalities located in the strug river valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Authors: Ziaja Maria
Published: October 2013

The research on segetal flora and agricultural ecosystems has gained special importance in recent years, since they are an important element in biodiversity conservation. An evaluation of the status of the segetal flora was made on the basis of a study conducted in the period 1998–2002 in crop fields of four municipalities located in the Strug River valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. This research was carried out in root and cereal crops. Total species richness and the average number of species per relevé were determined in this study. In determining species diversity of the communities, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used. In cereal crops, the community Vicietum tetraspermae typicum was characterized by the greatest species richness (109 species), while Vicietum tetraspermae consolidetosum showed the lowest richness (57 species). In root crops, the association Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi exhibited the greatest richness (78 species), whereas Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum the lowest richness (53 species). In the cereal communities, a total 149 of weed species were recorded, while in the root communities their total number was 97. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.10 to 2.42. The phytocoenoses Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi, Vicietum tetraspermae typicum, and Vicietum tetraspermae, the variant with Vicia grandiflora, were characterized by the highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), whereas the association Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum and the impoverished communities from the alliance Aperion spicae-venti showed the lowest values.
L’évaluation formative en contexte de renouveau pédagogique au primaire : analyse de pratiques au service de la réussite
Authors: Deaudelin Colette , Desjardins Julie , Dezutter Olivier , Thomas Lynn , Corriveau Annie , Lavoie Josée , Bousadra Fatima , Hébert Monique
Published: October 2013

Dans le contexte du renouveau pédagogique québécois, l’appropriation par les enseignants des changements prescrits sur le plan de l’évaluation nécessitent la diffusion de pratiques exemplaires. La présente recherche analyse donc des pratiques d’évaluation formative de 13 enseignants du primaire à travers 25 activités d’apprentissage-enseignement mises en œuvre dans différentes disciplines. Les pratiques spontanées des enseignants ont été analysées dans leur double dimension comportementale et cognitive. L’étude a porté sur les différents éléments des processus sollicités et des dispositifs mis en œuvre ainsi que sur les contenus traités. Les résultats montrent que les participantes et participants ont intégré à leurs pratiques plusieurs des caractéristiques de l’évaluation formative, préconisée par le ministère de l’Éducation, et que leur principal défi consiste à partager la responsabilité des processus de régulation avec l’élève en créant des conditions pour que celui-ci développe sa capacité à autoréguler ses apprentissages.
Fonctions critiques de la tutelle auprès d’élèves en échec scolaire
Authors: Vannier Marie-Paule
Published: October 2013

Cet article rend compte d’observations réalisées auprès d’adolescents, scolarisés dans des institutions dédiées aux élèves reconnus en échec dans le cursus normal du Collège. L’analyse des pratiques enseignantes met en évidence la difficulté à maintenir les conditions d’un progrès cognitif pour tous. Ce travail aborde la question de la transposition du concept de tutelle (Bruner, 1983) dans un cadre scolaire. Quelle(s) théorie(s) de référence pour décrire et comprendre le travail de l’enseignant et l’appréhender dans ces aspects « critiques » ?
En quête d’une approche culturelle appliquée à l’enseignement du français, langue première, au secondaire
Authors: Côté Héloïse , Simard Denis
Published: October 2013

Le ministère de l’Éducation du Québec a entrepris de réformer les programmes d’études et il prescrit qu’une approche culturelle préside à l’enseignement de toutes les matières (Gouvernement du Québec, 1997). Toutefois, entre la prescription et l’application de celle-ci réside une multiplicité de significations qui amènent les enseignants de français au secondaire à s’interroger : que pourrait signifier une approche culturelle appliquée à leur discipline ? Grâce à l’analyse de discours tenus sur la langue et la culture en lien avec l’éducation, il est possible de cerner six dimensions constitutives de l’approche culturelle.
La persistance des troubles des conduites chez les garçons âgés de 6 à 11 ans: effets principaux et interaction du contexte familial et du tempérament des enfants
Authors: Yergeau Éric , Toupin Jean , Le Corff Yann , Pauzé Robert
Published: October 2013

Cet article s’intéresse à l’étude de l’interaction des variables familiales et de tempérament sur la persistance des conduites antisociales chez les enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans. Ces variables sont identifiées comme des facteurs associés de près à l’émergence et au maintien des troubles de comportement chez les enfants. Le cadre conceptuel sur la persistance de ces troubles met de l’avant l’origine multifactorielle et la nécessité de considérer les interactions personne environnement dans la vérification d’hypothèses de recherche. Le devis comprend deux temps de mesure et l’échantillon est de 31 enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans pris en charge par un centre jeunesse et qui présentaient tous des troubles des conduites au début de l’étude. Les pratiques parentales et le tempérament ont été testés dans un modèle de régression logistique par étape qui visait à prédire la présence de trouble des conduites un an plus tard tout en contrôlant le nombre initial de symptômes. Les résultats indiquent que l’interaction entre le manque de supervision parentale et le niveau de réactivité de l’enfant est significativement associé à la persistance du trouble des conduites.
La part du lecteur de textes littéraires dans la classe de français
Authors: Mercier Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine la place et le rôle du sujet lecteur de textes littéraires dans la classe de français. Il ne s’agit plus, dans le cadre théorique que nous exposons, de penser exclusivement à former un lecteur qui comprend et interprète les textes littéraires à la faveur d’une pensée abstraite et rationnelle. Les conceptions gravitant autour de la notion de sujet lecteur font voir que la lecture émanant d’un sujet est nourrie de sa culture personnelle, conséquence de son histoire, amalgamée aux dimensions affectives, sociales et cognitives de sa subjectivité. Dans une perspective didactique, nous proposons de retenir deux critères pour l’élaboration des dispositifs de lecture des textes littéraires : le critère du climat et le critère d’autorisation.
L’enseignement professionnel et la formation de son personnel enseignant : les systèmes en présence au Québec et en France
Authors: Tardif Marc , Castellan Joëlle , Perez-Roux Thérèse
Published: October 2013

Ce premier article présente, en parallèle, les réalités françaises et québécoises de l’enseignement professionnel et de la formation du personnel enseignant y œuvrant et vise essentiellement à situer le lecteur quant aux repères les plus importants à considérer dans les deux systèmes. En plus d’y présenter un bref historique, nous procéderons à une mise à plat des deux systèmes nationaux de formation professionnelle, en précisant pour la France à la fois celui de la formation dépendant de l’Éducation nationale et celui de l’enseignement agricole, ainsi que de la formation des enseignants qui y sont associés. Ainsi, se succéderont la présentation des filières de formation, avec une mise en contexte de l’activité enseignante, des enseignants de la formation professionnelle et de la formation de ce personnel enseignant.
Fondements et pratique de l’alternance en formation à l’enseignement professionnel : quelques données de recherches autour de l’élaboration et de la mise en œuvre à l’Université de Sherbrooke
Authors: Gagnon Claudia , Mazalon Élisabeth , Rousseau Anne
Published: October 2013

Cet article décrit, dans un premier temps, le contexte particulier de la formation des enseignants en enseignement professionnel au Québec. Il expose ensuite quelques fondements autour de la notion d’alternance et précise les choix qui ont été faits pour la conception du programme de baccalauréat en enseignement professionnel (BEP) de l’Université de Sherbrooke. À partir de données issues defocusgroupet de questionnaires, réalisés auprès des étudiants et de divers intervenants au cours de la mise en œuvre, ce texte questionne, dans un troisième temps, l’alternance comme mode d’organisation de la formation et comme stratégie pédagogique, et se termine par une discussion autour de l’ingénierie de l’alternance dans le contexte du BEP et des enjeux qui y sont liés.
Quelques parcours typiques d’entrée en enseignement professionnel en France et au Québec : croisement de perspectives
Authors: Balleux André , Castellan Joëlle , Sahuc Philippe
Published: October 2013

Résultat de recherches menées parmi les enseignants accédant à la titularisation de l’enseignement agricole en France et parmi les enseignants débutants de la formation à l’enseignement professionnel au Québec, cet article propose une lecture de leur entrée en enseignement et en formation. Mais au-delà de la diversité relevée parmi les parcours existentiels et professionnels enregistrés pour cette recherche, l’exercice de mise en commun de situations de transition québécoises et françaises ne cherche pas à comparer des systèmes, mais vient plutôt interroger de part et d’autre ce qui apparaissait comme typique d’un système national. Du même coup, il convient de voir apparaitre les complémentarités plutôt que les différences et ainsi de questionner les références initiales qui avaient présidé à la mise en œuvre de ces recherches séparées.
Perception de la fréquence d’apparition des comportements perturbateurs par des stagiaires en enseignement de l’éducation physique et à la santé (EPS)
Authors: Desbiens Jean-François , Lanoue Sèverine , Turcotte Sylvain , Tourigny Jean-Sébastien , Spallanzani Carlo
Published: October 2013

Les enseignants débutants en éducation physique et à la santé (EPS) ont des habiletés insuffisantes pour gérer efficacement la complexité des situations d’apprentissage. Leurs capacités d’observer les éléments pertinents des situations, de les traiter et de les interpréter sont limitées. Cette étude consacrée à des stagiaires finissants avait pour objectifs spécifiques de : 1) comparer la fréquence perçue et effective des comportements perturbateurs (CP) selon leur nature; 2) comparer la fréquence perçue et effective des CP selon leur moment d’apparition. Les résultats montrent que les perceptions des stagiaires finissants sont variables et qu’elles ne correspondent pas fidèlement aux CP effectivement dénombrés selon le degré d’intensité de ces derniers. Cependant, elles reflètent de manière fiable leur moment d’apparition. Le poids des CP dans l’économie de la séance n’est apparemment pas uniquement lié à leur seule fréquence, mais à d’autres facteurs qui restent à approfondir. Les auteurs proposent en conclusion des pistes d’améliorations des dispositifs de formation initiale à l’enseignement afin que les stagiaires deviennent de meilleurs observateurs et interprètes des comportements des élèves.
Injustices perçues en éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: October 2013

De nombreux travaux se sont intéressés aux inégalités présentes en éducation physique et sportive (EPS), mais les travaux portant sur les élèves sont plus rares. L’objet de cette étude est de déceler les injustices perçues par les élèves d’établissements du second degré (collèges et lycées) en EPS. Une question ouverte a été posée à 83 élèves lors d’entretiens : Percevez-vous des injustices en EPS ? Si oui, à quel(s) niveau(x) ? Une analyse de contenu de type logicosémantique a été menée : seule la méthode inductive a été utilisée. Les élèves perçoivent prioritairement des injustices au plan de l’évaluation puis des interactions enseignant-élèves. Les injustices perçues varient selon les caractéristiques des élèves et des établissements fréquentés. Elles concernent prioritairement les domaines qui importent à l’élève.