bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL PADA USIA PENDIDIKAN DASAR SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PUSKESMAS ANDALAS KOTA PADANG
Authors: Afrianis Yuni , Suryawati Chriswardani , Kusumastuti Wulan
Published: February 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of the MSS (Minimum Service Standards) program age of basic education was hampered. Andalas public health center is health center with the lowest achievement of basic education age MSS in Padang City in 2020 with an achievement of 0%. This study aims to analyze the anticipation of the Andalas public health center in Padang City in increasing the coverage of MSS for basic education age in 2021. This study uses a qualitative method through in-depth interviews with selected informants based on purposive sampling criteria. The aspects studied consist of input, process, and output variables. The results showed a lack of knowledge of officers related to Minister of Health regulations RI No. 4 of 2019, facilities and infrastructure are adequate, data collection in 2021 through nutritional status data sent by the school, July data collection was carried out via google form, services followed standard operating procedures, recording by schools, reporting sent to the Padang City Health Office, monev by the City Health Office and the Head of the Puskesmas. Andalas Health Center's efforts to pursue the 2021 target, if the pandemic ends, the puskesmas maximizes direct health checks, if the pandemic is not over, the puskesmas will conduct a health check through the google form. continue to run the program by complying with health protocols.The City Health Office is expected to conduct regular monitoring, build communication, cooperate with puskesmas, and strengthen sanctions if the MSS does not reach the target.
Collaborative intelligence and intellectual property: Humans and humanoids in the light of health care system
Authors: Dash Lipsa , Patnaik Sambhabi , Dash Saranya , Biswal Silpalika
Published: February 2022

Our intelligence is what make us humans unique and Artificial Intelligence is an extension of that quality which makes them as humanoids. By 2029, an estimation of 95% of human interactions will be supported by Artificial Intelligence technologies. Humans have dynamic existence in the world, an existence which excesses in knowledge, analysis, expression, ideas and many more. With the rapid development of computer science and data technological dependence, it has been observed that Robots and Artificial Intelligence are making their way to get fit into the human world as a Humanoid Versions. Subsequently, they are even trying to support the present Health Care structure across the world and wanted to be present among the Doctors, Nurses, Hospitals and many other to solve and assist in the medical errands. Currently, both patient and health professionals are based on human interactions which forms the natural foundation of health care. Field of Health-care is data-intensive which leads it to perform complex tasks and compare and analyse huge volume of data and try to classify it. This paper gives an immense dimension to the Collaborative Intelligence that means involvement of both Human and Artificial mankind in the Health sector. So, when new inventions and discoveries are coming up, we know that Intellectual Property comes into the picturesque as it protects and give some bundle of monopolistic rights to the true owner or inventor. This paper gives comprehensive analysis to the Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence in the context of legality and acceptance from the lens of the society. This paper also highlights about mapping the Artificial Intelligence in the health care sector in regards with an outlook of Intellectual Property subject-matter. This paper also reflects an idea about Technology transfer and Know-How move towards AI-based medical machines and technologies from the Indian health care perspective. This paper concludes with the necessary improvements in AI or Human Assisting Machines as well.
La Constitucionalización De La Prohibición De Abuso De Los Derechos Contractuales: Una Aproximación Histórica A Las Raíces Morales De Este Régimen
Authors: Acosta Rodríguez Joaquín
Published: February 2022

En Colombia la prohibición del abuso del derecho ha alcanzado rango constitucional. Así, se aumenta el deber en el operador jurídico de darle efecto útil a tal disposición, también en el ámbito contractual. Sin embargo, la noción de abuso se observa altamente problémica, y de esta manera ha sido vista como una amenaza a la seguridad jurídica. No obstante, su empleo se verifica en la jurisprudencia iusprivatista de manera creciente en la mayor parte de las ramas del Derecho. La especialidad contractualista de ninguna manera constituye excepción a esta tendencia. En consecuencia este imperativo exige investigar la concreción del abuso en los vínculos contractuales  a fin de resaltar, inventariar y analizar todas las manifestaciones de abuso en el ámbito contractual. Para tales efectos y partiendo de investigaciones doctrinales precedentes en Derecho francés de contratos se efectuará una aproximación histórica de la teoría del abuso del derecho. De esta manera la presente exploración irá desde los precedentes del derecho romano hasta los albores de la Era moderna, mediante la comprensión del abuso contractual en tanto que conducta merecedora de sanción a la culpabilidad de los contratantes.
Derecho internacional y constitucional sobre consulta previa en proyectos viales en Colombia
Authors: Llano Franco Jairo Vladimir
Published: February 2022

El artículo expondrá el origen del derecho fundamental de la consulta previa desde el derecho internacional y su posterior vinculación por medio de la ratificación de tratados internacionales de derechos humanos que reconocen la diversidad cultural a nivel global y el bloque de constitucionalidad a través de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional; con este soporte sociojurídico se ha pretendido garantizar este derecho fundamental en situaciones específicas como la realización de proyectos de intervención en comunidades étnicas, entre los cuales se encuentra la transformación e innovación infraestructura vial que en los años recientes se ha intensificado, un caso es la doble calzada en la vía Panamericana en el trayecto Popayán-Santander de Quilichao en el departamento del Cauca, donde la diversidad étnica es predominante, precisamente, este caso será analizado en este artículo para determinar cómo se garantiza el derecho fundamental de la consulta previa en ambiciosos proyectos de infraestructura vial en Colombia.
La responsabilidad penal de los industriales en los juicios posteriores de Núremberg y sus enseñanzas para el caso colombiano
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , Morales Chinome Iván Ricardo , Amaya-Sandoval Carolina , Cruz-Tibaduisa Paula Andrea , Arevalo-Fonseca Sandra Johanna
Published: February 2022

Los doce juicios posteriores de Núremberg fueron juicios personales adelantados contra criminales nacionalsocialistas por el Tribunal Militar Nacional Americano en la ciudad de Núremberg. Los doce procesos se dividieron en profesiones y gremios dentro del gobierno nazi. En el caso Flick, el caso de I.G. Farben y el caso Krupp fueron condenados grandes industriales alemanes por su participación en la comisión de crímenes de guerra y crímenes de lesa humanidad durante la segunda guerra mundial. En estos procesos fue revelada la relación entre la industria alemana y el régimen nazi. Además, se establecieron criterios para investigar y juzgar este tipo de macrocriminalidad y determinar la responsabilidad penal de directores de firmas y empresarios de acuerdo al derecho penal internacional. Estos criterios, pueden ser importantes para estudiar casos como el colombiano, en donde se investiga a miles de civiles que pertenecieron a corporaciones y empresas y que estuvieron involucrados en la comisión de crímenes de guerra y de lesa humanidad durante el conflicto armado.
Revaluating aircraft leasing contracts in the pandemic era: navigating the challenges of invoking force-majeure by applying hardship under international commercial law
Authors: Tanya
Published: February 2022

Majority of aircraft are acquired on leasing agreements, and the financial burden is on the lessor due to financing heavy equipment for the lessee in these agreements. Therefore, to ensure that the lessee fulfils his lease payment to the lessor, Hell or High-water clause is drafted in the contract.

This enforces payment by the lessee irrespective of any circumstantial change which makes it difficult for the lessee to pay. However, due to the pandemic, the airlines have suffered from a severe cash crunch making it difficult for them to honor their upcoming contractual obligations.

The airline companies are debating to invoke Force Majeure in these contracts to excuse nonperformance and avoid damages, but considering the development in Private International Air Law and nature of the contract, taking such measures will be difficult. This paper proposes to apply Hardship codified in the UNIDROIT Principle of International Commercial Contracts so that airlines can renegotiate the contract with the lessors instead of completely avoiding their contractual obligation. 

This will provide breathing space to the lessee and also ensure his obligation towards the lessor is maintained during the pandemic.
(Re)direccionando la diplomacia cultural colombiana: Relaciones Colombia Francia
Authors: Montoya Ruiz Sandra
Published: February 2022

El artículo argumenta el necesario redireccionamiento de la diplomacia cultural colombiana, que se encuentra desconectada del contexto colombiano, para convertirla en plataforma de profundización de la cooperación bilateral entre Colombia y Francia, de modo que esta incluya las redes tejidas por artistas, profesores, investigadores, escritores y ciudadanos de los dos países. A partir del análisis comparado de los enfoques de política exterior francesa y colombiana durante el segundo periodo de Juan Manuel Santos e inicios del de Emanuel Macron, se identifican convergencias y oportunidades que quedaron abiertas y visibilizadas en la celebración del Año Colombia-Francia 2017. En este evento se difundió parte del trabajo de artistas, profesores, investigadores y cultores colombianos y se nutrieron las relaciones culturales entre Colombia y Francia, gracias a lo cual se logró sentar un precedente significativo para redireccionar la actual diplomacia cultural colombiana en Francia y para nutrir la diplomacia cultural francesa dirigida a la Colombia de hoy.
Positron Annihilation in Stable and Supercooled Metallic Melts
Authors: Seeger Alfred , Siegle Andreas , Stoll Hermann
Published: February 2022

The stable and supercooled melts as well as the crystalline phases of Ga, In, Sn, Pb, and Bi have been investigated in the age –momentum correlation (AMOC) positron annihilation facility at the Stuttgart pelletron. The comparison of the lineshape parameter S, characterizing the momentum distribution of the annihilating electron –positron pairs, and of the mean positron lifetime with measurements of the positron diffusivity confirms in considerable detail the ‘polaron’ model of positrons in metallic melts developed earlier. The quantitative analysis of the data provides us with valuable information on the structure of the melts. E. g., in the investigated melts the existence of an appreciable concentration of ‘free volumes’ comparable in size with the atomic volume can be excluded. It is shown that this is in accord with earlier deductions from self-diffusivity measurements. An interesting but hitherto incompletely understood correlation between the entropy of fusion and the absence of trapping of positrons by vacancies in thermal equilibrium is pointed out.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Strength Distributions of Brittle Materials – Type of Distribution, Specimen and Sample Size
Authors: Danzer Robert , Lube Tanja , Supancic Peter
Published: February 2022

Strength data of brittle materials have a large scatter. Therefore, probabilistic methods have been developed for designing with brittle materials. In general, a Weibull-type strength distribution function is determined by strength testing of a sample of about 30 specimens. This function is then used to predict a tolerable load level for a high component’s reliability. Curved structures in Weibull plots are often attributed to special features of the strength distribution function, e. g. to a threshold strength for failure or to bi- and multimodal flaw distributions. For such strength distributions the usual extrapolation is impossible.

By means of Monte Carlo simulations it is shown that on the basis of small samples (containing around 30 experiments) real structures in strength distributions can hardly be distinguished from artefacts arising from the statistical nature of the data. On the basis of a small sample it is also not possible to decide whether a distribution is of a Weibull-type or any other distribution. Requirements for the determination of strength distribution functions and possible problems are discussed. Safe data extrapolations are possible if the flaw size distribution, which causes the strength distribution, is known. This knowledge can be acquired by testing a sample containing several subsamples with specimens of different size.
Some New Aspects of Microstructural Design of β-Si3N4Ceramics
Authors: Herrmann M. , Schulz I. , Hermel W. , Schubert Chr. , Wendt A.
Published: February 2022

A new possibility in tailoring microstructures and properties of silicon nitride ceramics is demonstrated by the use of fine b-Si3N4powders. Fine powders were produced by a plasmachemical synthesis and by crystallisation of amorphous Si3N4in the presence of an oxide nitride liquid. A wide range of microstructures can be obtained depending on sintering and powder characteristics. At low sintering temperatures microstructures consisting of nanosized, equiaxed grains were obtained, whereas at high temperatures or long sintering times microstructures consisting of fine needle like grains were formed. Microstructural analysis revealed a high anisotropic grain growth of the b grains in the fine grained materials.
Ni-Based SOFC Anodes: Microstructure and Electrochemistry
Authors: Bieberle Anja , Gauckler Ludwig J.
Published: February 2022

The electrochemical behavior of Ni-based SOFC anodes with different microstructures was studied. The anodes consisted either of a Ni gauze, a Ni pattern, a Ni paste, or a Ni –YSZ cermet. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, the anodes are dominated by two main processes. The high frequency process decreases exponentially with an applied overpotential and is thermally activated with an activation energy of around 1 eV. The process could be attributed to the adsorption of hydrogen including charge transfer. The low frequency impedance arc arises only under a high overpotential applied between the working and the reference anode. The impedance of this process increases the higher the overpotential and is thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.5 eV. This process is assigned to the desorption of water.
Influence of Microstructure and Impurities on Thermal Conductivity of Aluminium Nitride Ceramics
Authors: Ruckmich Stefan
Published: February 2022

The microstructure of AlN ceramics, which were pressureless sintered with CaO and CaF2 as additives, was modified via an annealing process. The thermal conductivity of these samples was measured and correlated with the microstructure changes. The influence of the microstructural elements, especially content and distribution of secondary phases, is described and quantitatively related to mixture models from literature for a full understanding of the relationships between microstructure, impurity content and thermal conductivity. The main result of the investigation is that the microstructural influence on thermal conductivity is limited to at maximum 41 W/m · K. The increase of the intrinsic thermal conductivity, due to loss of impurities especially oxygen during the beginning of the annealing process, is the main effect influencing thermal conductivity of sintered samples.
Solving the selectivity problem in magnetic random access memories using configurations that form C-states
Authors: Arrott Anthony S.
Published: February 2022

The selectivity problem in magnetic random access memory is caused by processing problems that are metallurgical in origin. In honor of the 70th birthday of Professor Kronmüller, who has made so many contributions to magnetism and metallurgy, a solution of the selectivity problem is presented in which the metallurgical problems are circumvented by the design of the patterned thin film element to make it insensitive to processing problems. The solution is theoretical, using micromagnetics, the limitations of which call for experiments to support the conclusions.
Functional substrates – a novel approach to tailor transport properties and flux-line pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 – x
thin films
Authors: Habermeier H.-U.
Published: February 2022

A concept is introduced, using substrates for high-temperature superconductor (HTS) thin-film deposition beyond their usual application as chemical inert, lattice-matched support for the films. The substrates are applied as functional elements in order to controllably modify the growth mode of YBa2Cu3O7– x
thin films in the case of vicinal cut SrTiO3 single crystals and, thus, generate regular arrays of pinning centers. Furthermore, the use of biaxial epitaxial strain, caused by lattice misfit of film and substrate, is briefly reviewed for HTS thin films and the application of this concept to tailor the properties of perovskite thin films in general is shown.
Superconducting permanent magnets and their application in magnetic levitation
Authors: Schultz Ludwig , Krabbes Gernot , Fuchs Guenter , Pfeiffer Wilfried , Müller Karl-Hartmut
Published: February 2022

Superconducting permanent magnets form a completely new class of permanent magnets. Of course, they must be cooled to 77 K or below. At very low temperatures (24 K) their magnetization can be a factor of 10 higher than that of the best conventional magnets, providing magnetic forces and energies which are up to two orders of magnitude higher. These new supermagnets became only recently available by the extreme improvement of the quality of melt-textured massive YBa2Cu3O
x
samples. Besides having a high magnetization, these superconducting permanent magnets can freeze in any given magnetic field configuration allowing completely new applications like superconducting transport systems or superconducting magnetic bearings.
Use of duplex microstructures in steel for estimation of plastic deformation in high-speed machining chips
Authors: Blümke R. , Müller C.
Published: February 2022

It is shown that chip formation in high-speed milling of a steel remains unaffected by the presence of a volume fraction of about 10 % ferrite to either martensitic or pearlitic microstructures. Ferrite grains remain visible within the chips and can, therefore, be used for an estimation of the local plastic deformation. In case of the martensite structure, a deformation of 3000 % was measured in the white etching secondary shear zone, while a considerable amount of deformation even takes place within chip segments. The presence of ferrite grains within the white layer is an indication of a thermally-induced phase transformation occurring within the secondary shear zone of the chips.
A thermodynamic description of the B–Co system: modeling and experiment
Authors: Du Yong , Schuster Julius Clemens , Austin Chang Y. , Jin Zhanpeng , Huang Baiyun
Published: February 2022

The B–Co system is investigated via thermodynamic modeling and experiments. In the modeling section, all of the experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic data available from the literature were critically reviewed and assessed by using thermodynamic models for the Gibbs energies of individual phases. In the experimental section, 6 key alloys were prepared by arc melting Co slug and B pieces and annealing at 900 °C for 9 days. Water-quenched samples were analysed by using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. The measured invariant reaction temperatures are: 1136 ± 2 °C for Liquid (L) ↔ (αCo) + Co3B, 1157 ± 2 °C for L + Co2B ↔ Co3B, 1263 ± 2 °C for L ↔ Co2B + CoB, and 1358 ± 2 °C for L ↔ CoB + B. A consistent thermodynamic data set for the B–Co system is finally obtained by considering the present experimental results and reliable literature data. Comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagram and thermodynamic quantities show that all of the accurate experimental information is satisfactorily accounted for by the thermodynamic description.
Thermodynamic interpretation of thermoelectric phenomena
Authors: Brodowsky Horst , Kastaun Sieglinde , Yin Zhoulan
Published: February 2022

There is considerable evidence, illustrated here with the example of alkali metals, that the absolute thermoelectric power of a metal is equal to the temperature dependence of its Fermi energy divided by the electronic charge. Some puzzling features, e. g., the positive sign of the value for Li, fall into this pattern. The equality follows exactly from Onsager’s relations, if (1) the pressure or the molar volume is constant along the wire and (2) the ratio of charge carriers to atoms is also constant or if electroneutrality holds at least in the bulk of the material.
Aberration correction in electron microscopy
Authors: Rose Harald
Published: February 2022

Spherical and chromatic aberrations limit the resolution of conventional electron microscopes. Both defects are unavoidable in the case of static rotationally symmetric electromagnetic fields (Scherzer theorem). To compensate for these aberrations, multipole correctors or electron mirrors are required .The correction of the resolution-limiting aberrations is demonstrated for the hexapole corrector, the quadrupole-octopole corrector, and the tetrode mirror. Electron mirrors require a magnetic beam separator, which must be free of second-order aberrations. The multipole correctors are highly symmetric telescopic systems compensating for the defects of the round lenses. The hexapole corrector has the simplest structure yet eliminates only third-order spherical aberration and coma, whereas the mirror and the quadrupole-octopole (QO) corrector are able to correct the chromatic aberration as well. The QO corrector eliminates chromatic aberration by means of crossed electric and magnetic quadrupoles and the third-order spherical aberration by octopoles. At present, aberration-corrected electron microscopes obtain a resolution limit of about 1 Å.
Off-axis electron holography: Materials analysis at atomic resolution
Authors: Linck Martin , Lichte Hannes , Lehmann Michael
Published: February 2022

In high-resolution off-axis electron holography, the correction of coherent aberrations allows the quantitative interpretation of the amplitude and phase of the object wave up to the information limit of the electron microscope. Since the measured object phase is directly related to the projected atomic potential for sufficiently thin samples, off-axis electron holography is expected to allow distinguishing of different elements in the reconstructed phase image (“holographic materials analysis”). This has already been verified with the example of Ga and As. However, simulations of the atomic phase shift reveal that the interpretation of the measured phase shift in terms of atomic species is generally rather complex. The findings suggest that, in some cases, the requirements as to lateral resolution and phase detection limit will be met only by electron microscopes of the next generation.
Dislocation imaging in fcc colloidal single crystals
Authors: Schall Peter , Spaepen Frans
Published: February 2022

We describe the imaging of dislocations in crystals that are composed of micron-size colloidal particles. The dislocations form in an fcc crystalline film close to the interface with a template that is used to grow these crystals. We use a simple laser diffraction microscope (LDM) to image the strain field of the dislocations on a medium-range length scale. This setup is inspired by the transmission electron microscopy technique used to image dislocations in atomic crystals. Confocal microscopy allows us to reconstruct the defect topology in the colloidal crystal in three dimensions and on the particle scale. We take advantage of the three-dimensional particle coordinates determined by confocal microscopy to simulate LDM image contrast for specific imaging conditions.
On the formation of Si nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Werner Peter , Zakharov Nikolai D. , Gerth Gerhard , Schubert Luise , Gösele Ulrich
Published: February 2022

Silicon nanowires can be successfully grown by applying the vapor – liquid – solid process. In the case of the commonly used chemical vapor deposition technique, a Si containing gas/precursor is cracked at Au droplets acting as seeds. Si adatoms are subsequently dissolved in the liquid metal. Due to a supersaturation within this droplet, Si precipitates predominantly at the liquid – solid interface – a nanowire grows. A different situation occurs if nanowires are grown by molecular beam epitaxy via the vapor– liquid – solid mechanism. The difference consists, for example, of the role of the metal seed, the morphology of the nanowires and their aspect ratio. In particular, surface diffusion including the metal used as well as Si, strongly influences the growth process. This article describes molecular beam epitaxy growth experiments of Si nanowires under ultra-high vacuum conditions and compares the results with other growth techniques.
Koreans in Paraguay: language, identity and (re)migration
Authors: Choi Jinny
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the concept of globalization and its effect on linguistic and cultural identities. Modern migration patterns related to globalization generally provide migrants with increased access to resources, while at the same time placing them in a multiplicity of sociocultural encounters within numerous and diverse linguistic contexts. In this article, I turn to the concept of superdiversity to analyze the Korean community’s transformation from a traditional and homogeneous generation to one that is characterized by transnational mobility; economic fluidity, both local and global; issues of multiple linguistic and ethnic belongingness; and dynamic social connections in Paraguay. I also demonstrate that identity construction of contemporary migrants is a unique and complex process that emerges from individualized experiences.
New records and geographic distribution extension of two primate species in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition area, Brazil
Authors: Lima-Silva Luan Gabriel , Fernanda Braga de Mendonça Ravena , da Silva Dutra Leonan , Vieira Rossi Rogério
Published: February 2022

We expanded the geographical distribution of Ateles marginatus and Chiropotes albinasus to the Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone region. Visual records were made while surveying through linear transections in a forest area associated with two important rivers that form the Xingu River in the central region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Females were observed with infants in the dry and rainy seasons. Other primate species locally recorded are Alouatta caraya, Mico emiliae, Plecturocebus vieirai, and Sapajus libidinosus. Our records demonstrate the importance of continuous forest areas in maintaining the primate community in landscapes modified by agribusiness activities.
Moment matching adaptive importance sampling with skew-student proposals
Authors: Wang Shijia , Swartz Tim
Published: February 2022

This paper considers integral approximation via importance sampling where the importance sampler is chosen from a family of skew-Student distributions. This is an alternative class of distributions than is typically considered in importance sampling applications. We describe variate generation and propose adaptive methods for fitting a member of the skew-Student family to a particular integral. We also demonstrate the utility of the approach in several examples.
Sex differences in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Flegge Lindsay G. , Lake Eric , Truesdale Carnigee , Craner Julia R.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs) are evidence-based treatments for chronic pain. Previous research has demonstrated that initial presentations of adult men and women admitted to IPRPs differ, but less is known about sex differences in IPRP treatment outcomes. To summarize and synthesize the current literature base on this topic, a systematic literature review was conducted that asked: are sex differences present in participant outcomes upon completion of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs for cisgender patients? Four core domains of outcome measures were assessed: depression, pain catastrophizing, pain interference, and pain intensity/severity.

Methods

Relevant studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified using a computer-aided search of the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (via Wiley Online Library), and CINAHL (via EBSCOhost). The reference list of relevant studies identified in the electronic searches was also screened to identify further studies.

Results

This review concluded that most studies did not find any differences related to sex using the four outcome measures included in this review. This implies that specific considerations based on sex may not be needed when providing interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation.

Conclusions

Future research directions include comparison of additional outcome measures and exploring sex and gender issues in IPRP treatment in other formats than as a simple dichotomous variable.
Ionic transport in K2Ti6O13
Authors: Skurikhina Olha , Gombotz Maria , Senna Mamoru , Fabián Martin , Baláž Matej , Da Silva Klebson Lucenildo , Achimovičová Marcela , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Gadermaier Bernhard
Published: February 2022

The increasing demand for batteries forced the development of energy storage systems that rely on materials consisting of abundant elements in the Earth’s crust. Switching from Li+ to K+ as the main ionic charge carrier needs highly conducting potassium-bearing electrolytes to realize K+ ion batteries (PIBs). The knowledge gained from the design of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs) may conceptually inspire also the establishment of PIBs. Considering, for instance, the hexatitanates Na2Ti6O13, Li2Ti6O13, and H2Ti6O13, which were previously investigated as components for LIBs and NIBs, here we investigated ion dynamics in the K-analog K2Ti6O13. Ionic transport in polycrystalline samples of K2Ti6O13 was studied in a moisture-free atmosphere by broadband impedance spectroscopy in a temperature range from 20 °C to 450 °C. The current study aims at establishing a correlation between structural features of K2Ti6O13 and long-range ionic transport. As expected for K+ transport in K2Ti6O13 with its geometrically obstructed structure, the overall activation energy of ion transport in the ternary oxide takes a rather high value of 0.97(2) eV. Almost the same result (0.95(3) eV) is obtained for the migration activation energy, which we extracted from the analysis of crossover frequencies of the corresponding conductivity isotherms. By comparing our results with those of Na2Ti6O13 (0.82 eV), Li2Ti6O13 (0.65 eV), and H2Ti6O13, we clearly see how the size of the mobile cation correlates with both specific conductivities and activation energies. This comparison points to K+ being the main charge carrier in K2Ti6O13. It also helps in laying the foundations to derive the relevant structure-property relationships in this class of materials.
Démarketing de la consommation d’électricité résidentielle avec les croyances relatives à la législation comme modérateur : une étude de cas sur la bande de Gaza, en Palestine
Authors: Salem Mohammed Z.
Published: February 2022

La demande croissante d’électricité pose des défis dans certaines régions du monde. Ce constat est particulièrement vrai dans la bande de Gaza (BdG) en Palestine, où la pénurie d’électricité est exacerbée par la forte croissance démographique et par le siège israélien de 10 ans ayant empêché la modernisation de la seule centrale électrique du territoire. Actuellement, la réduction de la consommation d’électricité est la seule solution réaliste pour pallier cette pénurie. Considérant que les ménages représentent une part importante de la consommation d’électricité, cet article examine dans quelle mesure leurs intentions de consommation peuvent être réduites en utilisant des stratégies de démarketing, donc de dissuasion. En outre, l’article teste l’efficacité de la réglementation à influencer les intentions de déconsommation résidentielle. Une étude empirique a été menée à l’aide d’une enquête en face à face pour collecter des données primaires afin de tester les hypothèses. Les résultats du questionnaire, distribué à 384 résidents sélectionnés au hasard dans la BdG, révèlent une relation positive significative entre les variables indépendantes (produit, prix, lieu et promotion) et la variable dépendante (intentions de déconsommation). De plus, la réglementation amplifie la relation entre les intentions de déconsommation et toutes les variables de la combinaison démarketing (mix demarketing)2, à l’exception du produit. Ces résultats sont plus élevés pour les femmes et les jeunes consommateurs, les personnes mariées, les ménages dont le chef de famille est une femme ainsi que lespersonnes à faible niveau d’instruction et de revenu.
La gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Cameroun : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Atangana-Abé Jacob
Published: February 2022

À partir de l’exploitation de données secondaires, cet article fait une évaluation de la gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19 par le gouvernement camerounais. Cette évaluation couvre la période de mars 2020, date de début de la pandémie au Cameroun, à la fin du mois d’août 2020. La période en étude est certes courte, mais nous semble suffisante pour tirer les premiers enseignements de la gestion de cette pandémie. Nous soutenons qu’avec la récurrence des catastrophes naturelles et humaines et leurs effets sur la vulnérabilité des populations, le gouvernement camerounais devrait désormais considérer la gestion des catastrophes comme relevant des actes courants de gouvernance du pays et mettre en place des mesures pérennes de soutien aux populations victimes, plutôt que d’agir par à-coups, comme c’est le cas présentement. Car si les crises passent, leurs effets perdurent.
Analysıs of Failures of Pulpotomy Treated Prımary Teeth: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Kiran Kulkarni Gajanan , Sinan Dogan Mehmet , Akleyin Ebru , Yavuz Izzet
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate 6 extracted or exfoliated crowns of primary molars treated with different pulpotomy medicaments and techniques. Materials and Methods: Six pulpotomy treated primary molars were examined whole and after bisection. The medicaments used in the study were formocresol, ferric sulfate. A few were primary teeth treated withlaser pulpotomies and mineral trioxide aggregate. Theteeth were either extracted due to clinical and/or radiographic failures. The reasons for failure or success were discerned with the radiographs and light microscopic inspection of different sections of the teeth. Results: Reasons for each failure could be determined by the above examinations. The primary reason for failure was determined to be clinical technique errors by the clinicians. Conclusion: The success of pulpotomy is mostly dependent on the practical experience of the clinician, use of the appropriate materials and clinical technique. Keywords: Primary Tooth; Pulpotomy; Failure.
Calcium Sulfate as a Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Fernandes Gabriela , Abhyankar Vrushali , M O’Dell Josanne
Published: February 2022

In regenerative approaches, scaffolds play a crucial role in defining the 3-D anatomical shape and microenvironment for regenerative cells, while maintaining space, favoring regeneration of new bone, and preventing soft tissue migration in the bony lesion. A variety of materials have been explored as scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Metals are generally inappropriate for such applications because they lack the desired degradability in a biological environment requiring a second surgery. Synthetic polymers can provide physical strength and engineered chemical properties however, they do not have optimal ease of handling or predictable biodegradation rate. In contrast to these scaffolds, calcium sulfate, also known as Plaster of Paris, is a highly biocompatible and biodegradable material that is one of the simplest synthetic bone-like grafts. It has been sued as a graft material in orthopedics and dentistry for more than one hundred years. The present review illustrates and examines current advances regarding calcium sulfate sources, various properties,scaffold forms, and clinical applications for bone tissue engineering.Additionally,it also describesNanocrystallinecalcium sulfate. Keywords: Calcium sulfate; Gypsum; Plaster of Paris; Graft; Regeneration
The Neural Representations of Emotional Experiences Are More Similar Than Those of Neutral Experiences
Authors: Riberto Martina , Paz Rony , Pobric Gorana , Talmi Deborah
Published: February 2022

Stimuli that evoke the same feelings can nevertheless look different and have different semantic meanings. Although we know much about the neural representation of emotion, the neural underpinnings of emotional similarity are unknown. One possibility is that the same brain regions represent similarity between emotional and neutral stimuli, perhaps with different strengths. Alternatively, emotional similarity could be coded in separate regions, possibly those sensitive to emotional valence and arousal. In behavior, the extent to which people consider similarity along emotional dimensions when they evaluate the overall similarity between stimuli has never been investigated. Although the emotional features of stimuli may dominate explicit ratings of similarity, it is also possible that people neglect emotional dimensions as irrelevant to that judgment. We contrasted these hypotheses in (male and female) healthy controls using two measures of similarity and two picture databases of complex negative and neutral scenes, the second of which provided exquisite control over semantic and visual attributes. The similarity between emotional stimuli was greater than between neutral stimuli in the inferior temporal cortex, the fusiform face area, and the precuneus. Additionally, only the similarity between emotional stimuli was significantly represented in early visual cortex, anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Intriguingly, despite the stronger neural similarity between emotional stimuli, the same participants did not rate them as more similar to each other than neutral stimuli. These results contribute to our understanding of how emotion is represented within a general conceptual workspace and of the overgeneralization bias in anxiety disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe tested differences in similarity between emotional and neutral scenes. Arousal and negative valence did not increase similarity ratings. When conditions were equated on semantic similarity, participants rated emotional stimuli as similar to each other as neutral ones. Despite this equivalence, the similarity among the neural representations of emotional compared with neutral stimuli was higher in regions, which also expressed similarity between neutral stimuli and in unique regions. We report a striking difference between behavioral and neural similarity; strong neural similarity between emotional pictures did not influence similarity judgements in the same participants in the behavioral rating task after the scan. These findings may have an impact on research about the neural representations of emotional categories and the overgeneralization bias in anxiety disorders.
Indonesia in 2021
Authors: Warburton Eve
Published: February 2022

A devastating wave of COVID-19 infections cast a long shadow over all political and economic developments in Indonesia in 2021. Many of the patterns and trends identified in this journal’s previous year-end analysis intensified in 2021, with a deepening of pandemic-induced crises, immense loss of life, and further erosion of democratic norms and institutions, including unprecedented intervention into a corruption watchdog and a major business association. The administration of president Joko Widodo has focused almost exclusively on economic development and business investment throughout the pandemic; but the spread of the Delta strain forced a shift in the government’s approach to lockdowns, prompting new concerns about rising poverty and inequality.
Bangladesh in 2021
Authors: Rahman Jyoti
Published: February 2022

Bangladesh celebrated its 50th year in 2021, marking significant improvement in the lives of its citizens. However, the celebrations were muted by not just the ongoing pandemic but also increasing authoritarianism. The economy was hit hard by the pandemic, but a recovery appears to be underway. A resolution to the Rohingya refugee crisis remains elusive, and in the long run the country remains acutely vulnerable to climate change.
Using electronic health record data for clinical research: a quick guide
Authors: Bots Sophie H , Groenwold Rolf H H , Dekkers Olaf M
Published: February 2022

Electronic health record (EHR) data not only offer many exciting research opportunities but also come with their own inherent limitations. Researchers may not always realise the challenges associated with the use of EHR data for research, or the fact that using large datasets of ‘real-world data’ does not necessarily provide valuable real-world evidence. This article discusses some of the main differences between EHR data and data collected primarily for research purposes, and the challenges encountered when using EHR data for research. It also offers suggestions on how to deal with these challenges based on worked-out examples. It therefore serves as a quick guide for researchers interested in either reading or performing EHR-based research.
Only wildlife conservation may be future omicronlike-preventive-epidemic-covid-19-model enriched forestry-horticulture-agriculture-environmenthealth-biodiversity-science-technologycommunication-application-issues
Authors: Datta Subhas Chandra
Published: February 2022

The current COVID-19 disease caused by ‘Omicron OR coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)’-reifection, is highly-infective, causing severe-acute long-term illness, badly impacting on forestry-horticulture-agriculture-environment-wildlife-conservation-biodiversity and global health. Still, now no ‘Buster-Dose-Vaccine’ is discovered. On the other hand, food production forestry, agriculture, and horticulture significantly reduce different pest’s attacks. So, to tackle and overcome both, the naturally growing “Wildlife-Conservation-Project of ‘Wild Barn Owl and Bats’ in the two Heritage-Schools” forming a ‘Complex-Typical-Ecosystem’ in the food-chain-relationships-landscaping, controlling the different pests in the forest, horticulture, agriculture, and pisciculture, etc., increasing food-production, but also plays a vital role in preventing-COVID-19, the high rate of morbidity and mortality, showing the “Wild Barn Owls-Bats Act as a Future-Omicron-Like-PreventiveEpidemic-COVID-19 Model”, and developing policy initiative potentially life-saving therapies by boosting natural immunities of the different communities of Burdwan-Municipality, West-Bengal, India, and wildlife conservation may be the “Future-Omicron-Like-Preventive-Epidemic-COVID-19-Model” enriching “Forestry-Horticulture-Agriculture-Environment-Health-Biodiversity-Science-Technology-Communication-Application-Issues”, and worlds become retained in old form developing education and research.
Public food policies: epistemological and systemic restructuring
Authors: Avila Serrato Salatiel
Published: February 2022

The redefinition of public policies food should clarify the corresponding analytical approaches to a broader, concerning the meeting the food needs of individuals, being feasible towards the social and natural intone of these; generating a paradigmatic release of the current system.Implicit this parameter, the epistemological knowledge in one, not oppressive, liberator sense contributes to the decolonization of ideologies rooted consumerist, conducive to the deterioration of these environments’ wellness food and carecientes systems axes of food law, concerning a universal right. Thus, the sense of diversification of food public policies must recreate the evolving needs of welfare in a systemic process of promotion, prevention, correction and creating food Entonox epistemological rather than oppressive colonization
Дифузія атома кисню у приповерхневі шари інтерфейсу GexSi1-x/Si(001)
Authors: Афанас’єва Т.В. , Гринчук О.А. , Коваль І.П. , Находкін М.Г.
Published: February 2022

За допомогою розрахунків з перших принципів перевірено можливість переходу одного атома кисню з місткового зв'язку між атомами аддимера та атомами другого приповерхневого шару в зв'язок між атомами другого та третього шарів поверхні GexSi1–x/Si(001) у випадку адсорбції одного, двох та трьох атомів кисню. Перехід кисню з місткового зв'язку між атомами аддимера та атомами другого приповерхневого шару у зв'язок між атомами другого та третього приповерхневого шарів енергетично невигідний, коли на поверхні GexSi1–x/Si(001) присутні чисті Si та змішані Si–Ge аддимери. У випадку, коли на поверхні GexSi1–x/Si(001) присутні чисті аддимери Ge, то можлива лише дифузія поодинокого атома кисню. Бар'єр для такої дифузії становить 2,09 еВ. Присутність чистих аддимерів Ge на поверхні GexSi1–x/Si(001) полегшує дифузію атома кисню в глибину більше, ніж присутність чистих Si або змішаних Si–Ge аддимерів.
Оптичні властивості плівок сульфіду кадмію, отриманих методом гарячої стінки
Authors: Хрипунов Г.С. , Кудій Д.А. , Клюй М.І. , Авксєнтьєва Л.В. , Клюй А.М.
Published: February 2022

Досліджено структуру плівок сульфіду кадмію, отриманих методом гарячої стінки. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням товщини шарів зменшуються механічні напруження, при цьому при малих товщинах плівки спостерігаються стискаючі макронапруження, а при більших товщинах – розтягуючі. При збільшенні товщини плівки CdS збільшується ширина забороненої зони (Eg), що зумовлено збільшенням розміру областей когерентного розсіювання. Встановлено, що у ролі широкозонних "вікон" для створення ефективних сонячних елементів на основі гетеросистеми CdS/CdTe доцільно використовувати відпалені на повітрі плівки CdS товщиною близько 0,3 мкм.