bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of boehmite alumina nanoparticles on the properties of polylactide/polypropylene blend composites
Authors: Hato Mpitloane J , Motaung Tshwafo E , Motloung Setumo V , Koao Lehlohonolo F
Published: April 2016

The effect of boehmite alumina nanofiller on properties of polylactide/polypropylene blend compatibilized with 3% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was investigated. Boehmite alumina nanoparticles were finely dispersed in polylactide/polypropylene/boehmite alumina blend up to 7 wt.% to form blend nanocomposites which were prepared by twin-screw melt compounding. The morphology, thermal, mechanical, heat distortion temperature, thermomechanical and degradation characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a tubular morphology with increasing boehmite alumina in the blend matrix particularly at 5 and 7 wt.% of boehmite alumina loadings with few agglomerates. Transmission electron microscopy indicated a highly dispersed boehmite alumina in the blend nanocomposites. Boehmite alumina nanoparticles significantly influenced the thermal properties and a nucleation of the blend matrix. A significant improvement in the tensile modulus and tensile strength upon addition of boehmite alumina in the blend nanocomposites was obtained. However, beyond 3 wt.% of boehmite alumina addition, there was a clear deterioration in mechanical properties.
Screening for Psychological Inflexibility: Initial Validation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth as a School Mental Health Screener
Authors: Renshaw Tyler L.
Published: April 2016

The present study reports on the initial validation of the eight-item version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) as a school mental health screener for identifying clinical-level depression and anxiety caseness within a sample of urban high school students ( N = 219). Results indicated that responses to the AFQ-Y8 yielded better data–model fit and comparable internal consistency and convergent validity in relation to responses to the longer, 17-item version of the measure. Findings from receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses showed that scores derived from the AFQ-Y8 had excellent discrimination ability for correctly classifying students with and without clinical-level depression (area under the curve [AUC] = .91) and anxiety (AUC = .92), and that a cutoff score of ≥15 yielded optimal sensitivity (.86, .92) and specificity (.88, .87) for accomplishing these purposes. Taken together, findings suggest the AFQ-Y8 is a technically adequate instrument for both measuring psychological inflexibility and classifying students with clinical-level internalizing problems. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Differential Adjustment Among Rural Adolescents Exposed to Family Violence
Authors: Sianko Natallia , Hedge Jasmine M. , McDonell James R.
Published: April 2016

This study examines differences in psychological adjustment in a sample of rural adolescents who have been exposed to family violence. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 580 adolescents and their primary caregivers. The results revealed that over two thirds of the study participants (68.8%) had been exposed to violence in their families. As hypothesized, cluster analysis identified several profiles among adolescents, distinguished by their psychological and emotional functioning: well adjusted (46.2%), moderately adjusted (44.3%), and struggling (9.5%). Discriminant function analysis confirmed the groupings and revealed that family functioning was among the most influential factors explaining adjustment differences. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) further showed that adolescents from each of the three adjustment profiles reported significantly different levels of family social support, parental involvement, and perceived neighborhood safety. Overall, the results confirm heterogeneity of adolescent adaptation in the aftermath of family violence and provide insights into family and neighborhood factors that account for variability in adolescents’ reactions to violence. Implications for future research and practical interventions are discussed.
Smart Humanitarianism: Re-imagining Human Rights in the Age of Enterprise
Authors: Dale John , Kyle David
Published: April 2016

A paradigmatic shift around the central role of ‘social entrepreneurs’ is captivating a broad, diverse range of social actors refashioning the institutional landscape of human rights and humanitarian practices. For this special issue dedicated to ‘Re-imagining Human Rights’, we explore some of the implications of these revolutionary changes in human rights practices, and their consequences for sociological study and political critique in the 21st century. Following a discussion of the state of the sociology of human rights practices, we describe the remaking of the human rights arena into a site of technocratic organizations with an emphasis on the ‘triple bottom line’ (financial, social and environmental sustainability). This market-led rights paradigm also promotes a new kind of empathy required for social problem-solving and humanitarian action – one less sentimental, much more technocratic and managerial. We offer some critical observations on this ‘smart humanitarianism’, which emphasizes the human-machine partnership via online technologies, apps, and expert systems management strategies; they redistribute the cognitive responsibilities of determining and delivering goods for greatest measurable impact with a quid-pro-quo of reframing inequality. We introduce the other contributing articles, signposting notable elements and the implications for wider socio-political critique, especially regarding ‘smart humanitarianism’.
Geographies and Accompaniment: Toward an Ecclesial Re-ordering of the Art of Dying
Authors: Lysaught M. Therese
Published: April 2016

This article identifies three geographical shifts that have altered the relative social, spatial and temporal locations of dying, church and health care, and axiology causally contributing to our culture’s deformed dying processes. It proposes an alternative script for a new art of dying drawing upon the early church’s practice of the order of widows.
Effect of polyaniline-modified glass flakes on the corrosion protection properties of epoxy coatings
Authors: Hou Xiaoman , Wang Yingnan , Sun Guoen , Huang Rong , Zhang Chunling
Published: April 2016

In this study, polyaniline (PANI) and different mass ratios of PANI/glass flake (PANI–GF, PGF) composites were prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization. The chemical structure of the composites was investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. PANI, GF, and PGF composites were added as fillers into epoxy coating and then applied on a steel substrate. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray test. The coatings added with PANI, GF, and PGF composites displayed improved corrosion resistance. The greatest improvement in corrosion resistance was exhibited by the coating loaded with PGF composites at a PANI/GF mass ratio of 2:1. This enhancement was attributed to the passivation ability of PANI and the penetration resistance of the GF in the coating. Moreover, PANI was coated uniformly on the GF surface, and the composites were uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin.
Structural design methodology of electro-optical system installation on special mission jet transport aircraft
Authors: Vaziri Zanjani Mohammad Ali , Panahi Abdollah , Yousefi Shahram
Published: April 2016

The research reported in this paper investigated the structural design methodology of equipping a jet aircraft modified for maritime patrol with any type of observation system. The study includes installation feasibility, definition of mounting types (fix/retractable), installation location, airworthiness requirements, design considerations, structural design requirements, and static/dynamic analysis considerations. Due to lack of design publication in this field, this study focuses on methodology of electro-optical sensor installation as a flowchart leading to a road map to equip an aircraft with any type of maritime sensor. For validation of above methodology, a case study for installation of an electro-optical system on a particular jet aircraft with new mission is presented. By comparison of system and aircraft specification based on methodology flowchart, a retractable mounting was chosen. To accomplish a safe installation, an optimal mechanism suitable with aircraft fuselage and required backup structure was designed using reinforced cut out. The design was then analyzed for static and dynamic critical load cases using MSC/NASTRAN software.
Evaluation of surgical impaction technique and how it affects locking strength of the head–stem taper junction
Authors: Scholl Laura , Schmidig Gregg , Faizan Ahmad , TenHuisen Kevor , Nevelos Jim
Published: April 2016

Cases of fretting and corrosion at the taper junction have been reported in large metal-on-metal bearing combinations, and more recently, this concern has included metal-on-polyethylene bearing combinations. Many of these patients have been revised due to adverse local tissue reaction secondary to taper corrosion. This taper corrosion–related adverse local tissue reaction seems to be a multifactorial issue and difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to look at one potential variable, the impaction behavior (impaction force, number of blows, etc.) of orthopedic surgeons, and understand how this can affect the locking strength of tapers. A group of experienced orthopedic surgeons were asked to use their typical surgical approach to impact a femoral head onto a hip femoral stem using an Operating Room (OR)-simulated test setup. Impaction parameters such as impaction force, velocity, and energy, as well as the number of impacts, were characterized and applied in a bench-top study used to evaluate the effect of these parameters on the initial stability of the taper junction. High variation was found in the surgical impaction parameters, but overall it was determined that increased impaction force correlated to superior stability of the taper junction.
Palaeoenvironmental record of the Cal Maurici wetland sediment archive in Barcelona (NE Iberian Peninsula) between c. 6000 and 4000 cal. yr BP
Authors: Daura Joan , Sanz Montserrat , Ramos Jordi , Riera Santiago , Miras Yannick , Allué Ethel , Picornell-Gelabert Llorenç , López-Reyes Dani , Albert Rosa Maria , Macià Laia , Domènech Rosa , Martinell Jordi , Fornós Joan J , Julià Ramon
Published: April 2016

This study presents the results of a multi-proxy analysis conducted to improve our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the freshwater and brackish marshes of Cal Maurici (Barcelona, Spain) and the human impact on them during the mid-Holocene (6171–3891 cal. yr BP). The study integrates data from pollen, phytolith, diatom, charcoal, seeds and malacological analyses and helps to reconstruct the ecological conditions during the early establishment of farming communities in western Mediterranean facade. The results indicate a landscape dominated by Mediterranean vegetation with aquatic plants in the shallow marshes and well-developed forests in the nearby area, providing for the first time in the Holocene of NE Iberian Peninsula the palaeoecological conditions of deltaic areas. Ecofactual evidence indicates an initial landscape dominated by brackish marshes (6171–5773 cal. yr BP) in which Ruppia cf. maritima was predominant and human impact was low. Between 5026 and 4839 cal yr. BP, freshwater conditions expanded with an increase in Potamogeton sp. and the presence of Typha angustifolia and Spirogyra sp. algae with well-developed oak woodlands and deciduous trees in nearby areas. The expansion of evergreen forest occurred later (from 4960 to 4825 cal. yr BP until 3712 cal. yr BP), with the decline of deciduous woodland and the expansion of evergreen oaks, pinewoods, wild olive trees and box, coinciding with a period of increased human activity in the area. Additionally, the presence of marine resources at several archaeological excavation sites and domestic plants at Cal Maurici provides an opportunity to evaluate the interaction between earlier farmers and marine or deltaic ecosystems.
The influence of historic land-use changes on hillslope erosion and sediment redistribution
Authors: Larsen Annegret , Robin Vincent , Heckmann Tobias , Fülling Alexander , Larsen Joshua R , Bork Hans-Rudolf
Published: April 2016

Agricultural societies around the world have dramatically altered the natural landscape, particularly through accelerated soil erosion. The expansion of agricultural land use into steeper headwater areas during the Medieval period in central Europe is known to have caused large increases in soil erosion and sediment redistribution downstream. Although land-use practices changed and improved following this initial impact, it is currently unknown whether changes in land-use techniques also improved hillslope soil erosion and sediment redistribution rates. In this paper, we use a variety of techniques, including chrono-stratigraphy, wood charcoal analysis and a geostatistical model, to reconstruct land-use and erosion rates for the period spanning the Medieval Period to the present (1100–300 years ago) in a small headwater catchment in central Europe. Coupling land-use, hillslope erosion and sediment redistribution fluxes, we find the largest flux change occurs because of the initial deforestation at the beginning of the Medieval Period (1100 years ago). Following deforestation, we identified three main types of land-use techniques that were practised between ~1100 and 300 years ago: Horticulture, cropping agriculture and rotational birch silviculture, the last of which represents the earliest evidence for this practice found in central Europe to date. However, we find only small differences in hillslope fluxes throughout the catchment despite the variable land-use techniques employed. This is because the land-use techniques primarily influenced and increased the hillslope sediment storage capacity rather than erosion rates directly, which is an important distinction to consider for future work attempting to link changes in human land use and hillslope erosion.
Timing of post-European settlement alluvium deposition in SE Australia: A legacy of European land-use in the Goulburn Plains
Authors: Portenga Eric W , Westaway Kira E , Bishop Paul
Published: April 2016

The timing of landscape change, post-settlement alluvium (PSA) deposition and gully erosion in the southeastern Australian Tablelands remains at the centre of a long-standing discussion over the geomorphological effects of European land-use compared with Aboriginal land-use and climate change. Few quantitative studies date the onset of gully erosion and subsequent PSA deposition in the Tablelands and those that do determine the timing of landscape change for individual catchments rather than across the region. In this study, we present optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) burial ages of swampy meadow (SM) sediment and PSA from six sites spread throughout the Goulburn Plains to place better regional constraints on the timing of landscape change. PSA burial ages at each of our sample sites range between 213 and 81 years before AD 2013, the year during which all samples were collected and measured – corresponding to AD 1800–1932. All measured PSA burial ages post-date European arrival to Australia and are therefore consistent with the generic name and implied age assigned to these sediments before quantitative age estimates were available for them. We suggest, however, that the term ‘post-European settlement alluvium’ may be more appropriate in the Australian context as Aboriginal Australians were living in the Tablelands prior to European arrival. Associations between the occurrence of gully incision and PSA deposition throughout the Tablelands and climatic factors are tenuous, and we suggest that European land-use practices in the region dominate landscape evolution, which had been driven by climatic factors throughout the Holocene.
The spread of agriculture into northern Central Asia: Timing, pathways, and environmental feedbacks
Authors: Spengler Robert N , Ryabogina Natalia , Tarasov Pavel E , Wagner Mayke
Published: April 2016

Over the past decade, researchers have directed greater focus toward understanding Bronze (3200–800 BC) and Iron Age (800 BC–AD 400) economies of Central Asia. In this article, we synthesize paleobotanical data from across this broad region and discuss the piecemeal archaeological evidence for agriculture in relation to environmental records of vegetation and climate change. The synthesis shows that agricultural products were present in northern Central Asia by the mid-3rd millennium BC; however, solid evidence for their spread even further north into the Altai Mountains and southern Siberia only comes from the late 2nd and early 1st millennia BC. The earliest crops introduced into Central Asia likely came as a mixed package of free-threshing wheat, naked barley, and broomcorn millet, an assemblage pioneered further south along the northern foothills of the Central Asian mountains. Further east, in Mongolia, and debatably to the west of Central Asia, in the steppe of northern Kazakhstan and the southern Ural region of Russia, the earliest evidence of agriculture (with a similar mixed assemblage) is considerably later, roughly late 1st millennium BC. The lack of clear-cut early evidence for agricultural goods either east or west of the Central Asian mountain belt suggests that agriculture spread northward along these mountains, based on an agropastoral system pioneered millennia earlier at higher elevations of lower latitudes. Additionally, moister regional environmental conditions in the northern mountains after 3000 cal. BC may have increased the favorability of adopting an agricultural component in the economy.
Spatio-temporal distribution of hunter–gatherer archaeological sites in the Hokkaido region (northern Japan): An overview
Authors: Abe Chiharu , Leipe Christian , Tarasov Pavel E , Müller Stefanie , Wagner Mayke
Published: April 2016

The spatio-temporal distribution of archaeological sites in the Hokkaido region reveals hunter–gatherer population dynamics from the Upper Palaeolithic (>14,000 cal. yr BP) through the Neolithic/Jomon and Epi Jomom period ( c. 14,000–1300 cal. yr BP) to the historic Ainu period ( c. 700–100 cal. yr BP). It appears that most cultural transitions coincide with periods of climate and environmental change. However, this observation does not automatically mean causality and, therefore, other potential driving factors must be checked. The data support the hypothesis that Palaeolithic subsistence was (at least partly) based on terrestrial hunting. Paralleled by lateglacial climate amelioration, rising sea levels and a change in marine currents, this strategy shifted towards marine resources and plant exploitation at the beginning of the Jomon period. Along with continuous Holocene climate warming, Hokkaido’s Neolithic Jomon population increased culminating in the Middle Jomon period (5000–4000 cal. yr BP). Simultaneously, Jomon subsistence underwent a process of diversification and intensification in exploitation of food resources. This practice probably allowed the persistence of the Middle Jomon culture beyond the Holocene temperature optimum (around 5000 cal. yr BP). Thereafter, the population decreased until the end of the Jomon culture accompanied by a trend towards cooler climate conditions and a shift in subsistence towards a more narrow range of food resources with increased hunting and less plant food. Population re-increased during the Satsumon/Okhotsk culture periods (1500–700 cal. yr BP), which may be the result of Okhotsk immigration because of climate cooling in the regions north of Hokkaido and enhanced inner-Hokkaido trade (between Satsumon and Okhotsk) and trade with communities outside Hokkaido. During the Ainu period ( c. 700–100 cal. yr BP), site, and possibly population numbers, re-decreased significantly and concentrated in eastern Hokkaido. Whether social and/or climatic factors brought about the Satsumon–Ainu cultural transition and the observed change in population pattern remains unresolved.
The social impact of libraries as reported in the Region of Extremadura’s communications media during the economic crisis in Spain
Authors: Faba-Pérez Cristina , Cebrián-Solís Raquel
Published: April 2016

The primary objective of this work was to study news items about libraries published in the different communications media of the Region of Extremadura (Spain) in recent years in order to see what impact and visibility libraries have had in those media. A secondary objective was to determine quantitatively whether the complex economic crisis the country has suffered was reflected in any decrease in the number of news items about libraries. For this, a total of 3206 news articles was collected. After their analysis in detail, they were reduced to the 490 which the study’s results address. This decrease by a factor of about seven in the final news items selected was because the title or the first few paragraphs of the news item did not exactly express its content. As a consequence, a qualitative analysis of the content was necessary. The conclusion reached was that the economic crisis suffered by Spain had indeed been reflected in an evolution undergone by news items about libraries in the media. Although the numbers of those items decreased in the period analysed (from 2007/2008 to 2012/2013) coinciding with the crisis, there was an upswing in 2013 compared with 2012 which may reflect the much hoped for ‘green shoots’ of recovery of the Spanish economy.
The social context and politics of large scale urban architecture: Investigating the design of Barcode, Oslo
Authors: Andersen Bengt , Røe Per Gunnar
Published: April 2016

The well-known and much investigated rise of urban entrepreneurial policies has fuelled a transformation of urban spaces and landscapes, and has led to changes in the social composition of city centres. This is the case for Oslo, Norway’s capital, where increasingly urban policies are designed to attract transnational companies and those in the creative class. A key strategy to achieve this has been to transform the city’s waterfront through spectacular architecture and urban design, as has taken place in other European cities. Transnational and local architects have been commissioned to design the Barcode, one of the most striking waterfront projects. This article investigates the role of architecture and architects in this process, because architects can be seen as influential generators of urban spaces and agents for social change, and because there is remarkably little published empirical research on this specific role of architects. It is argued that although there was an overall planning goal that the projects along the waterfront of Oslo should contribute to social sustainability, with the implication that planners and architects possessed information about the local urban context and used this knowledge, in practice this was not the case. It is demonstrated that the architects paid little attention to the social, cultural and economic contexts in their design process. Rather, the architects emphasized the creation of an exciting urban space and, in particular, designed spectacular architecture that would contribute to the merits of the firms involved. It is further argued that because of this the Barcode project will not contribute to the making of a just city.
The Mediating Role of Trust: Investigating the Relationships among Employer Brand Perception and Turnover Intentions
Authors: Kashyap Vaneet , Rangnekar Santosh
Published: April 2016

The research study investigated the interrelationships among employer brand perception (EBP), trust in leaders (TRT) and turnover intentions (TI). In this study, responses from 350 junior-, middle- and senior-level executives working in Indian organizations were collected. The findings of the study indicate that EBP and subordinate’s TRT were negatively associated with TI. Further, Baron and Kenny’s (1986) four-step regression technique was used to test the mediating effect of subordinate’s trust in their leaders in establishing the relationships between EBP and TI. The results indicate that the relationship between EBP and TI was not only direct but also indirectly mediated significantly by the subordinate’s trust in their leaders. In the current study, employer brand perception emerged as a significant predictor of employee’s TI. The implications for future research on employee’s TI, EBP and subordinate’s trust in their leaders are further discussed in light of the findings.
Neighborhood stigma and the sporting lives of young people in public housing
Authors: van Ingen Cathy , Sharpe Erin , Lashua Brett
Published: April 2016

This paper spotlights the sporting lives of young people who live in ‘Redcrest’, a public housing community in the Niagara region of Canada. We report on data culled from neighborhood-centric documents (municipal data, planning council reports, media coverage) and ethnographic fieldwork (interviews, community mapping, go-alongs) collected over eight months with 14 young people. This paper also offers a critique of Robert Sampson’s work on neighborhood effects and draws on the theoretical insights and urban scholarship of Henri Lefebvre, Loic Wacquant, and the work of postcolonial scholar Frantz Fanon, who further understandings of racism as a spatial relation. At the center of this research are narratives that highlight that public housing projects, negative stigma notwithstanding, can be good places to live. The results highlight the various contradictions and tensions experienced by young people living in Redcrest, specifically their experiences with neighborhood stigma, racism and Islamophobia, and how this impacts their sporting lives.
Measuring the “Unmeasurable”
Authors: Wilson Jeremy M. , Sullivan Brandon A. , Hollis Meghan E.
Published: April 2016

Due to its considerable negative consequences, product counterfeiting is a global problem that is a growing concern for consumers, government entities, law enforcement, and businesses. Unfortunately, current assessments of the nature and extent of the problem are largely unreliable and based on methodologies with significant limitations. This article examines the current approaches to measuring product counterfeiting, complementing those with a review of methods used to examine other crimes. It concludes by discussing the applicability of both commonly used and novel research methodologies, as they might apply to the study of product counterfeiting.
Hepatocellular Adenoma of the Placenta With Updated Immunohistochemical and Molecular Markers
Authors: Yee Eric U. , Hale Gillian , Liu Xinxin , Lin Douglas I.
Published: April 2016

We describe the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of an unusual case of a hepatocellular adenoma of the placenta presenting as a subchorionic intervillous mass lesion in a diamnionic dichorionic placenta. A well-circumscribed 0.8 cm round nodule was identified in one of the twin placental discs, wherein, on microscopic review, the lesional cells morphologically and immunophenotypically resembled fetal hepatocytes. Given the rarity of this lesion, we performed an updated immunohistochemical and molecular analysis, including makers for β-catenin activation and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, and the results support the notion that hepatocellular adenoma of the placenta is a benign incidental finding.
Synovial Sarcoma With Myoid Differentiation
Authors: Qassid Omar , Ali Ahmed , Thway Khin
Published: April 2016

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor with variable epithelial differentiation, which is defined by the presence of a specific t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) chromosomal translocation that generates SS18-SSX fusion oncogenes. Synovial sarcoma typically arises within extremity deep soft tissue (particularly around large joints) of young adults, but has been shown to occur at almost any location. When it arises in more unusual sites, such as the abdomen, it can present a significant diagnostic challenge. We describe a case of intraabdominal monophasic synovial sarcoma that immunohistochemically showed strong expression of smooth muscle actin and calponin but only very scanty cytokeratin, and which showed morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other spindle cell neoplasms that can arise at this site, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor and myofibrosarcoma. As correct diagnosis is of clinical and prognostic importance, surgical pathologists should be aware of the potential for synovial sarcoma to occur at a variety of anatomic sites and of its spectrum of immunoreactivity. Synovial sarcoma should be in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms with myoid differentiation that do not fall into any definite tumor category, for which there should be a relatively low threshold for performing fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to assess for the specific SS18 gene rearrangement or SS18-SSX fusion transcripts, which remain the diagnostic gold standard.
Docetaxel-induced pericardial effusion
Authors: Dogan Serife E , Mizrak Dilsa , Alkan Ali , Demirkazik Ahmet
Published: April 2016

Hypersensitivity reactions, cumulative fluid retention, and neurotoxicity are frequently seen toxicities related to docetaxel. Fluid retention may be present as edema, weight gain, or third place fluid collection. Pericardial effusion is rarely seen with docetaxel treatment. We report a 58-year-old female patient who was presented with pericardial tamponade after three cycles of docetaxel therapy.
The simulation of influence of engagement conditions and technological teeth correction on contact strength, wear and durability of cylindrical spur gear of electric locomotive
Authors: Chernets Myron , Chernets Jurij
Published: April 2016

The cylindrical spur tractive gear of the electric locomotive has been conducted using the author’s method of the calculation of maximum contact pressures, teeth wear and durability at technological correction of engagement at changeable, in the result of teeth wear and conditions of their contact. The regularities of tribocontact pressures change in engagement has been established after reaching the permissible wear depending on the shift coefficients in the phases of double–single–double tooth engagement. Considerable decrease of maximum tribocontact pressures is observed in the result of teeth wear in the entry phase of double-tooth engagement in comparison with their initial values. Depending on the shift coefficients, maximum (permissible) wear of wheel teeth would arise in different contact points: at the entrance into single-tooth engagement in non-corrected gear and at the exit in the presence of correction. Gear durability has its optimum at [Formula: see text] = 0.1 which is 1.22 times larger than in the absence of engagement correction.
Examining the influence of Sport Education on the precursors of amotivation
Authors: Perlman Dana , Caputi Peter
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Sport Education on the constructs that facilitate amotivation. A total of 78 amotivated secondary students were engaged in a 15-lesson unit of badminton taught using the Sport Education or skill-drill-game approach. Constructs that facilitate amotivation were assessed using the Amotivation Inventory in Physical Education survey using a pre-test and post-test design. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Results indicated that Sport Education brought about a significant change for half of the pre-cursors of low levels of motivation. These findings indicate support for the notion that Sport Education can facilitate positive change for students with low levels of motivation.
Parental support of children’s physical activity in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Ka-Man , Chung Pak-Kwong , Kim Seungmo
Published: April 2016

This study (a) presented a structural model for examining how parents’ perceptions of their children’s competence, exercise benefits, exercise barriers and neighbourhood safety influenced parental support and their children’s physical activity (PA) and (b) examined the mediating effect of parental support on children’s PA. Parents of 478 children aged 6–9 years were recruited into the study. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing the aforementioned constructs and report their children’s PA outside school time over 7 days. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to examine the relationship between parents’ perceptions and the reported PA of their children. The results revealed that (a) only parental support predicted children’s PA directly and (b) parents’ perceptions of their children’s competence and exercise benefits predicted parental support and, in turn, predicted children’s PA. PA interventions for Hong Kong children should emphasize increasing parental support in addition to enhancing parents’ confidence and ability to promote their children’s PA by providing positive feedback, acting as active role models and facilitating participation in PA. Additional studies are required to examine children’s PA from the perspective of parents.
Ask the eConsultant: Improving access to haematology expertise using an asynchronous eConsult system
Authors: Fogel Adam , Khamisa Karima , Afkham Amir , Liddy Clare , Keely Erin
Published: April 2016

Introduction

The Champlain BASE (Building Access to Specialists through eConsultation) eConsultation service was designed to address the limited access to specialist care in Canada, which can lead to long waiting times and, subsequently, negative patient outcomes. Our primary objective was to perform an in-depth analysis of the use, content, and perceived value of haematology electronic consults (eConsults) submitted by primary care providers (PCPs) to the eConsult service.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using descriptive statistics to examine post-eConsult surveys for PCPs and other collected data including PCP designation, time for specialist to complete the eConsult, specialist response time, perceived value of the eConsult by the PCP, and the need for a face-to-face referral following the eConsult. A medically-trained author reviewed all haematology eConsults from April 2011 to January 2015, and categorized them by clinical topic and question type using validated taxonomies.

Results

Haematology accounted for 436 out of 5601 (7.8%) total eConsults, making it the third most popular service utilized. In 66% of haematology eConsults, a face-to-face consultation was not needed. Anaemia, neutropenia, and hyperferritinemia were the most common clinical queries. Most eConsult question types concerned the management of haematological disorders or the interpretation of laboratory tests. Most eConsults were answered within three days, using less than 15 minutes of the specialists’ time. PCPs highly valued the service.

Discussion

This initiative increases access to haematology care and has the potential to reduce the long waiting times for non-urgent traditional consultation, along with the benefit of cost savings to the healthcare system.
‘Just one more episode’: Frequency and theoretical correlates of television binge watching
Authors: Walton-Pattison Emily , Dombrowski Stephan U , Presseau Justin
Published: April 2016

Binge watching is a relatively new behavioural phenomenon that may have health implications. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of, and identify modifiable factors associated with, TV binge watching. A total of 86 people completed an online questionnaire assessing self-efficacy, proximal goals, outcome expectations, anticipated regret, automaticity, goal conflict and goal facilitation, and self-reported binge watching over the last week. Participants reported binge watching a mean 1.42 days/week (standard deviation = 1.42). Intention and outcome expectations accounted for variance in binge watching, and automaticity, anticipated regret and goal conflict each separately accounted for additional variance in binge watching. Binge watching is commonplace and associated with both reflective and impulsive factors.
Surgical management for venous leg ulcers: The role of hope, investment and agency
Authors: Tollow Philippa , Ogden Jane
Published: April 2016

A recent systematic review suggests that minimally invasive venous surgery for the treatment of leg ulcers may have a greater impact on quality of life than traditional approaches. A total of 11 participants who had previously undergone surgical management for leg ulcers took part in semi-structured interviews regarding their experiences. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified: ‘Living in Flux’, ‘Perceptions of Chronicity’ and ‘Expectations’. Surgical treatment may not only improve patients’ quality of life due to treatment of the condition but also by opening up a sense of hope, investment and agency not associated with traditional treatment approaches.
Driving in unheard silence: Disability and the politics of shutting up
Authors: Lourens Heidi
Published: April 2016

The politics of silence is central to disability experience and the field of disability studies. In this analytical autoethnography, I write about my silences as a visually impaired woman. I explore and make sense of personal life stories through a theoretical perspective. The analysis of these personal experiences lead me to argue that disability-related silences are mostly created through the confluence of inaccessible physical and social environments and the psychological internalisation of these worlds. I also discuss the ways in which I am currently regaining my voice. Further research on resistance by disabled persons is recommended.
‘We’re just like everyone else!’ Rethinking the cultural politics of the London Asian urban music scene
Authors: Kim Helen
Published: April 2016

This article engages with the practices of politics and its presence and meanings within the Asian scene. Despite work that has taken youth cultures beyond the framework of ‘resistance’, youth cultures are often still imagined and understood through the lens of ‘resistance’. Yet, within the Asian scene, the tensions, disavowal and ambivalence toward politics point toward a more complex, multilayered understanding of contemporary youth cultural forms. This article takes into account the politics of location and belonging that Asians within this scene are negotiating that are shaping the kind of political outlooks and attitudes that are being voiced. The growth of a middle-class ‘desi’ community in the United Kingdom and the rise of neoliberalism have led to a significant decline in the practice of a radical, deliberative politics within this ‘desi’ scene.
Comparison of two model order reduction methods for elastic multibody systems with moving loads
Authors: Baumann Michael , Vasilyev Alexander , Stykel Tatjana , Eberhard Peter
Published: April 2016

In this paper, two different model order reduction approaches for elastic multibody systems with moving loads are considered. The first approach is based on a parametric formulation of the input and output matrices and application of parametric model order reduction. Therefore, a quasi-static description without considering the time dependency of the parameter is proposed. In the second approach, the time-varying input matrix is approximated in a low-dimensional subspace and model order reduction of a time-invariant system is performed. To investigate the applicability of these methods for the generation of reduced elastic multibody systems, for the first time, both approaches are compared for a thin-walled cylinder model with a rotating force.
News and the word-image problematic: A (key)word on international news pictures’ production
Authors: Ilan Jonathan
Published: April 2016

This article is about the unique word–image relations as these appear in international news production. This is achieved by analysing the labour of a particular team – the keyword team – in the news picture production routine at the powerful Thomson Reuters international news agency. By analysing the daily work of keyworders at Thomson Reuters, I explore how the word–image problem is demonstrated, and settled, in international news production. Similar to the picture categorising mechanisms in the stock business, I argue that word and image relations in news media can also be productive, serving as a cultural practice that helps extending the shelf-life of archived pictures, thus increasing news picture sales worldwide.
Grammatical subjects, ‘Hell is other people’, and irreprehensible nature
Authors: Hunter Richard
Published: April 2016

This piece takes the scholarly debate over the causes of environmental change in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico as a starting point from which to explore an understudied aspect of human-nature relations. I first inspect English grammar – grammatical subjects in particular – to reveal how scholars who reach discrepant conclusions about environmental change face the disruptive subjectivities of one another. The discussion then draws in Jean-Paul Sartre’s well-known statement that ‘Hell is other people’ to show how subjectivity has given rise to a class of negative sentiments that we apply to other people but not to nature or any element thereof. I conclude by describing an essential difference between our interpersonal relations and our individual relations with nature, what must happen for Sartre’s definition of Hell to broaden, and how nature emerges free of our judgment.
Effect of Copulins on Rating of Female Attractiveness, Mate-Guarding, and Self-Perceived Sexual Desirability
Authors: Williams Megan N. , Jacobson Amy
Published: April 2016

Olfaction and chemical signaling play an important role in the mating behaviors of many taxa, yet there is minimal empirical research on human putative pheromones. A mixture of five volatile fatty acids secreted vaginally, identified and named “copulins,” significantly increase in concentration during the follicular phase and decrease in concentration during the luteal phase in nonpill using women. Men exposed to copulins exhibit an increase in testosterone, are inhibited in discriminating the attractiveness of women’s faces, and behave less cooperatively. According to Anisogamy, Sexual Selection and Parental Investment Theory, mammalian males, having low cost and high benefit from any copulatory interaction, may adaptively utilize any useful cues to identifying ovulating females and adjust their behavior accordingly in order to maximize their potential reproductive success. In the current study, we attempted a replication of Jütte and Grammer’s finding indicating copulins inhibit the ability of men to discriminate attractiveness of women’s faces, and we examined the role of copulins in self-reported mate-guarding behaviors and self-perceived sexual desirability. We utilized a randomized placebo-controlled design and as predicted, results indicated men exposed to copulins were more likely to rate themselves as sexually desirable to women and, on average, the copulin group rated women’s faces as more attractive than controls. There were no significant findings with mate guarding.
What Makes Jessica Rabbit Sexy? Contrasting Roles of Waist and Hip Size
Authors: Lassek William D. , Gaulin Steven J. C.
Published: April 2016

While waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) have been the most studied putative determinants of female bodily attractiveness, BMI is not directly observable, and few studies have considered the independent roles of waist and hip size. The range of attractiveness in many studies is also quite limited, with none of the stimuli rated as highly attractive. To explore the relationships of these anthropometric parameters with attractiveness across a much broader spectrum of attractiveness, we employ three quite different samples: a large sample of college women, a larger sample of Playboy Playmates of the Month than that has been previously examined, and a large pool of imaginary women (e.g., cartoon, video game, graphic novel characters) chosen as the “most attractive” by university students. Within-sample and between-sample comparisons agree in indicating that waist size is the key determinant of female bodily attractiveness and accounts for the relationship of both BMI and WHR with attractiveness, with between-sample effect sizes of 2.4–3.2. In contrast, hip size is much more similar across attractiveness groups and is unrelated to attractiveness when BMI or waist size is controlled.
Activist systems: Futuring with living models
Authors: Roudavski Stanislav , Jahn Gwyllim
Published: April 2016

This article considers how computational simulation can be used to amplify imagination and make its effects sharable, persuasive and activist. It argues that this is not only possible but important for the future of design and introduces the concept of living models as a device that can express the futuring potential of such simulations. Developing this argument, the article explores whether, by postponing top-down rationalisms in favour of a ‘methodological naiveté’, designers can gain the capacity to uncover and engage with the unusual participants of the complex dynamic assemblages they aim to change. When designers collaborate with the agencies of the living models they deploy, the outcomes prove useful for the exploration of alternative values and worldviews. Explorations of this kind are significant because human designs need to improve their integrations with existing complex systems and are innovative in their ambition to see creative agency in non-human actors. In a practical demonstration of such approaches, the experiments in generative computation presented in this article illustrate that design creativity occurs through humans but not entirely because of them.
Biting the hand that feeds you? Teachers engage with an ethnography of neoliberalism in education
Authors: Brown Amy
Published: April 2016

Scholars who document neoliberal trends in education argue that privatization and corporatization in schools is dehumanizing and discourages democratic participation. These scholars assert that neoliberal education policies heighten social inequity by emphasizing individualism, marketability and colorblindness without interrogating social structures of power. Can qualitative documentation of the effects of neoliberal policy in education “talk back” to these trends? Can ethnographically mapping the complex effects of neoliberal trends on teaching and learning serve to heighten teachers' sense of agency and resistance? This paper documents the ways that teachers construct their identities in reaction to reading the author's critical ethnography of their school. Data were gathered for this paper in teacher interviews following two years of collaborative ethnographic fieldwork at the College Preparatory Academy, a small public high school in Brooklyn, New York that created its own in-house nonprofit organization in order to solicit funds from private donors. Using Derrick Bell's interest convergence theory, I critique competitive models of philanthropy in education and explore whether collaborative and critically engaged ethnography can serve to expose the tension between public and private interests in education, and can encourage teachers to challenge and critique these borders.