bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids from the leaves of some American species of the genus Betula L.
Authors: Pawłowska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

On the basis of the qualitative composition of the leaf flavonoids it may be assumed that B. lutea Michx. is an intermediate form between B. lenta L. and B. papyrifera Marsh., whereas the taxa B. neoalascana Sarg. and B. commutata are rather different from B. papyrifera.
On changes in the nomenclature of some taxa of Zygnemaceae
Authors: Kadłubowska Joanna Z.
Published: February 2014

The names of three species have been changed in the Zygnemaceae family because of their incompatibility with the principles of classification of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The names and ranks of 18 taxa were also changed since they did not comply with the classification accepted for this family. The names of the taxa listed in this paper are introduced in the 16th volume of Conjugatophyceae I. Zygnemales, in the collective work "Die Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa" (K a d ł u b o w s k a 1984).
Pteridophyta collected in Northern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon
Authors: Kornaś Jan
Published: February 2014

25 species of Pteridophyta were collected in Northern Nigeria (mainly the Lake Chad Basin and the Mandara Mts.) and in the neighbouring parts of Cameroon. 11 of them have not been recorded previously from this area: Isoetes schweinfurthii A. Br. in Bak., Selaginella tenerrima A. Br. ex Kuhn, Ophioglossum gomenzianum Welw. ex A. Br., Marsilea coromandeliana Willd., M. distorta A. Br., M. nubica A. Br., M. subterranea Lepr. ex A. Br., Azolla africana Desv., Ceratopteris richardii Brogn., Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn., and Actiniopleris semiflabellata Pic. Ser.
Protein bodies formation in yellow lupin seeds
Authors: Woźny Adam , Młodzianowski Fortunat , Stefaniak Barbara
Published: February 2014

The ultrastructure of cotyledon cells is described at five stages of lupin seed development, distinguished on the basis of their morphological features. It was found that the endoplasmic reticulum nad dictyosomes participate in the synthesis and transport of storage protein, and that protein is deposited in the central vacuole or in newly forming ones. In the investigated zone of lupin cotyledon cells two forms of protein bodies were observed differing in the contrast and compactness. Both were the simple protein, bodies. Parallelly to storage protein synthesis, thickening of the cell walls was observed which may indicate synthesis and deposition of hemicellulose in them. Storage lipids surrounding the protein bodies form in the end stages of seed development.
Modeling of spatial variations of growth within apical domes by means of the growth tensor. L Growth specified on dome axis
Authors: Hejnowicz Zygmunt , Nakielski Jerzy , Hejnowicz Krystyna
Published: February 2014

By using the growth tensor and a natural curvilinear coordinate system for description of the distribution of growth in plant organs, three geometric types of shoot apical domes (parabolic, elliptical and hyperbolic) were modeled. It was assumed that apical dome geometry remains unchanged during growth and that the natural coordinate systems are paraboloidal and prolate spheroidal. Two variants of the displacement velocity fields V were considered. One variant is specified by a constant relative elemental rate of growth along the axis of the dome. The second is specified by a rate increasing proportionally with distance from the geometric focus of the coordinate systems (and the apical dome). The growth tensor was used to calculate spatial variations of growth rates for each variant of each dome type. There is in both variants a clear tendency toward lower growth rates in the distal region of the dome. A basic condition for the existence of a tunica is met.
Dynamics of indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity in suspension culture of sunflower crown-gall
Authors: Chirek Zofia
Published: February 2014

IAA oxidase activity was determined in several growth phases of a suspension culture of sunflower crown-gall. During the short phase of intensive growth (zero passage - PO) a negative correlation was noted between enzymatic activity and the rate of growth. IAA oxidase activity increased to a certain level is not a factor limiting cell division. For protraction of the phase of intensive growth (first passage - P1), however, a decrease in the activity of this enzyme seems indispensable. IAA oxidase activity in the tested culture is under the control of inhibitors present in the cells and medium. High enzyme inhibition was observed in PO cells during the phase, of intensive growth and in P1 at the beginning and in the middle part of this phase. These results suggest' that the -auxin level determined in earlier studies in sunflower crown-gall culture is controlled by the IAA oxidase set. During the long phase of intensive growth (P1) this control is of negative feedback type.
Influence of lead on N03 uptake and reduction in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Burzyński Marek , Grabowski Adam
Published: February 2014

The influence of PbCl2 on NO3- uptake and activity level of nitrate (NR) and nitrite MR) reductases in cotyledons and roots of cucumber seedlings was studied. PbCl2 in a 10-5 M concentration decreased by 50 per cent N03 uptake and reduced NR and NiR activity in vivo. In in vitro experiments only high lead concentrations (10-3 M) almost completely inhibited NR activity and reduced by 14-28 per cent that of NiR. Lower lead concentrations which inhibited in vivo NR activity did not affect enzyme induction, but depressed tissue hydration. These results indicate that lead in low concentrations (10-5, 10-4 M) indirectly affected NR and NiR activity by producing water stress and reducing N03- uptake, whereas the direct influence of lead on the proteins of the tested enzymes was noticeable at high concentrations.
Ultrastructural and metabolic transformations of differentiating Hyacinthus orientalis L, pollen grain cells. I. RNA and protein synthesis
Authors: Bednarska Elżbieta
Published: February 2014

RNA and protein synthesis were investigated in generative and vegetative cells during maturation of pollen grains. The rate of RNA and protein synthesis was analysed in reference to the successive interphase periods of the life cycle of pollen cells as well as against the background of the growth dynamics of the cell volume. The results of studies demonstrated that the pollen grain increases in size owing to the growth of the vegetative cell. The generative one does not grow. RNA synthesis and that of proteins in differentiating pollen cells has a different course. In the growing vegetative cell it lasts longer and is more intensive than in the generative cell which does not grow. RNA and protein synthesis in the vegetative cell take place in the period from the callose stage to the stage of lemon-shaped generative cell, that is in the period of phases G1, S and G2. This synthesis is positively correlated with the growth of the pollen grain. RNA and protein synthesis in the generative cell comprises the period from the callose-less lenticular stage to the stage of spherical generative cell, that is the phases S and early phase G2. These results suggest that in the vegetative cell RNA and protein synthesis is utilised above all to increase of its cell, instead in non growing generative cell protein synthese is probably limited mostly to a histones and enzymatic proteins serving for the DNA replication process.
Morphology and stucture of wild apple (Malus silvestris Mill.).common pear (Pyrus cofnmunis L.) and Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb) Lindl. seeds
Authors: Pelc Stanisław
Published: February 2014

The outer and inner structure of wild apple (Malus silvestris Mill.), common pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. seeds was investigated. It was found that the outer structure exhibits good diagnostic features expressed in the first place in the relief of the seed coat and further in the arrangement and appearance of the site of attachment of the free end of the funiculus and the shape of the seeds. In ripe seeds there is, under the thick seed coat, an endosperm layer completely surrounding the embryo which has large cotyledons and a thick rootlet.
Acid phosphatase from stored Poa pratensis caryopses and its ability for binding to lectins
Authors: Lorenc-Kubis Irena , Morawiecka Bronisława
Published: February 2014

The effect of the storage period of Poa pratensis caryopses on acid phosphatase activity and on the ability of this enzyme to interact with lectins has been studied. It has been shown that after ten years of caryopses storage, the activity of acid phosphatase decreased about 50 per cent, while the content of proteins and carbohydrates did not change. The decrease of enzyme activity during the long period of storage was found only in seeds, but not in chaffs. Acid phosphatase was isolated from caryopses stored one, two, three, five and ten years. The enzyme showed the ability to bind to immoblized as well as to free conA during the whole period of storage, hut did not react with Wheat Germen Agglutinin (WGA). The activation of acid phosphatase by binding to conA decreased with the length of storage period.
Influence of SO2, on changes in the content of proline and hydroxyproline in the leaves of rooted Weigela cuttings
Authors: Karolewski Piotr
Published: February 2014

The effect of sulphur dioxide on the level of free proline, protein-bound proline and hydroxyproline in the leaves of rooted cuttings from the genus Weigela differing in sensitivity to this gas was investigated. It was found that S02 causes an increase in the level of free proline and a decline in the level of bound praline and hydroxyproline. These changes are greater in the more susceptible plants than in the more tolerant ones.
Genetic control of the development of the haploid generation in Oenothera
Authors: Harte Cornelia
Published: February 2014

The haploid generation of higher plants has to be considered in its own individuality. Special experimental designs are needed to investigate the developmental processes of the male and female gametophytes between meiosis and fertilization. Experiments on Oenothera demonstrate the existence of genes, which action can be described as influencing the competition between meiospores or between gametophytes, or as interaction between different individuals, the gametophytic-gametophytic and gametophytic-sporophytic incompatibility. The development of the haploid generation is regulated by genes. Some of these genes are active only in this phase of the life cycle.
Megaspore competition in F1 and F2 hybrids between Oenothera hookeri and Oe. suaveolens
Authors: Śnieżko Renata
Published: February 2014

Megasporogenesis and development of the embryo sac were investigated in F1 and F2 hybrids from crosses of Oe. hookeri and Oe. suaveolens. All hybrids form heteropolar and homopolar magaspore tetrads; the embryo sac, however, usually develops from the micropylar megaspore. Its development may occur immediately after degeneration of three other megaspores or after a period of competition between both apical megaspores. They develop simultaneously for a relatively short time, after which the growth of the chalazal megaspore is inhibited, although the latter does not degenerate. The micropylar megaspore as a rule develops without disturbances into the embryo sac, but in some ovules it is formed from the chalazal megaspore or double ones arise from both apical megaspores of the tetrad. The frequency of the micropylar embryo sac formation seems to be dependent above all on the hybrid plant genome and not on the haploid genome of the megaspore.
Studies on the mechanism which prevents germination of unripe Triticale caryopses
Authors: Weidner Stanisław
Published: February 2014

Triticale (MT-3) caryopses were collected at three developmental stages (milk, milk-wax, and full ripeness i.e. 25, 39, 53 days after flowering) and germinated for 72 hours. The highest polyribosome contribution to the sum total of ribosomes, as well as, the highest 3H-uridine incorporation into the total ribosomal fraction of embryos (seedlings) were found at full ripeness, lower - at milk ripeness, and the lowest at milk-wax ripeness. Treatment of caryopses with gibberellin-A3 (GA3) and benzyloadenine (BA) caused an increase in the percentage of embryonic polyribosomes in caryopses which were collected at milk and full ripeness. Whereas the significant increase in 3H-uridine incorporation intothe total ribosomal fractions of embryos (seedlings) was observed only during the germination of the least ripe caryopses. This was characteristic of samples with caryopses at milk ripeness treated with BA, or BA and GA3 together. The studies proved that the mechanism which prevents the germination of unripe Triticale cyryopses and the formation of polyribosomes which were germination-induced, originated at the final stage of grain development, before its full ripeness.
The effect of calcium and magnesium on the radiosensitivity of Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm.
Authors: Sarosik Jan , Wożakowska-Natkaniec Hanna
Published: February 2014

After irradiation with gamma radiation from 60Co, differences were found in the survival rates of Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm., cultured in vitro with different amounts of calcium and magnesium. Radiation doses ranged from 80 to 3000 mC•kg-1. Magnesium and especially calcium increased the resistance of Wolffia to acute radiation. This was expressed by the survival of the plants cultured in mediums supplemented with calcium and magnesium after receiving doses of 1200 and 3000 mC•kg-1 while plants cultured in basic medium already showed absolute mortality (DL 100) at exposition to 800 mC•kg-1. Radiosensitivity of Wolffw arrhiza is high compared with other species from the Lemnaceae family.
The results of intergeneric pollination of Fragaria x ananassa Duch. and Fragaria virginiana Duch. by Potentilla species
Authors: Niemirowicz-Szczytt Krystyna
Published: February 2014

Female varieties of Fragaria X ananassa (Sonja, Freja, Mieze Schilndler, Dir. Wallbaum, Reine des Precoces, Pozdnaya Slodkaya and others) and, tentatively, one female clone, F. virginiana "Scheldon", were pollinated with nineteen Potentilla species in the course of four years (1977-1980). A total of 99194 seeds was obtained, and from them, 739 seedlings (0.75%). After the first year of growth, a mean 24% of seedlings survived (178) Vegetatively mature plants were obtained from the above named octoploid maternal forms (Reine des Precoces excepted) with six Potentilla species (the diploid P. rupestris, P. purpureoides, P. geoides, P. glandulosa and P. fruticosa as well as the hexaploid P. fragiformis). F. X ananassa var. Sonja X P. rupestris was classified as the best combination in producing surviving plants.
Sources of reducing equivalents for nitrite reductase in Pisum arvense roots
Authors: Kłobus Grażyna
Published: February 2014

Glucose-6-phosphate and NADP+ as well as malic acid and NADP+ present in the incubation mixture enhanced nitrite reductase (EC 1.6.6.4) activity in Pisum arvense roots. This was manifested by a depression of the nitrite level in the tissues and an increased reduction of nitrites by plastids isolated from P. arvense roots. A marked stimulation of plastid malate dehydrogenase was also observed under the influence of nitrates present in the medium. These results suggest that pyridin nucleotides utilised by NiR during nitrite reduction may be formed not only in processes of glucose-6-phosphate oxidation in the pentosephosphate cycle, but also of malic acid by NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase.
Studies on Medicago lupulina saponins. 3. Effect of M. Iupulina saponins on the growth and feed utilization by mice
Authors: Górski Piotr M. , Jurzysta Marian , Burda Stanisław , Oleszek Wiesław A. , Płoszyński Michał
Published: February 2014

The effect of M. lupulina saponins on the growth of mice and feed utilization was investigated. The nutritive value of diets containing different amounts of M. lupulina meal or saponins was evaluated using a diet containing clover meal as the control. Feeding expermients revealed that M. lupulina meal in concentrations higher than 5% in the diet caused significant growth depression in mice. The diet containing 30% M. lupulina meal was toxic to mice. It was shown that the fraction of saponins which contains medicagenic acid glycosides was responsible for the antinutritional properties of M. lupulina meal. The diet containing more than 0.1% of toxic M. lupulina saponins caused significant growth depression in experimental mice. A high dose of those saponins in the diet (0.5%, 'had a large inhibitory effect on mause growth and feed utilization.
Stereometrical analysis of number and size of prolamellar bodies during pea chloroplast development
Authors: Mostowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2014

The plastid prolamelar bodies in dark-grown pea seedlings undergo gradual transformation and decay after illumination with low intensity light. Random micrographs do not give direct information concerning the sizes and average numbers of prolamellar bodies in a plastid. These values were obtained after evaluation by a stereometrical method from the ratio of polamellar bodies sizes to the plastid size and from the frequency of prolamellar body sections of a given diameter. Plastids of dark-grown seedlings contained on the average at least one prolamellar body. After illumination the size of the bodies decreased rapidly owing to dispersion into primary thylakoids and split into much smaller numerous prolamellar bodies.
The localization of nitrite reductase, glutamate synthase and malate metabolism enzymes in Pisum arvense L. roots
Authors: Kubik-Dobosz Genowefa , Kłobus Grażyna
Published: February 2014

Centrifugation of a homogenate made from Pisum arvense L. roots in a sucrose density gradient enabled the separation of the plastid fraction from mitochondria and microsomes. The presence of nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase was demonstrated in the plastids. Malic enzyme activity was not linked with any organelle fraction and was found only in the cytosol. High malate dehydrogenase activity was found in the mitochondria fraction, although its activity was also determined in plastids. The results suggest that malic acid metabolism in plastids may be the source of reduced pyridine nucleotides for reactions catalysed by nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase.
In vitro androgenetic cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L., H. albus L. and alkaloid content assay
Authors: Wesołwska Maria , Skrzypczak Lutosław
Published: February 2014

In vitro cultures of Hyoscyamus niger L. and H. albus L. anthers were initiated which resulted in obtaining androgenectic plants and callus cultures. The leaves of these pants and the callus cultures were subjected to analysis (TLC, GC for the presence of alkaloids, derivatives of tropane. In the studied material, alkaloids of different qualitative and quantitative composition from that of ground-grown plants were found.
Effects of fluorides and sulphur dioxide on pollen germination and growth of the pollen tube
Authors: Mejnartowicz Leon , Lewandowski Andrzej
Published: February 2014

The action of fluorides and sulphur dioxides from emissions from a phosphate fertilizer factory significantly reduced the germination of Scots pine pollen grains. The pollen tube length indicated that its growth is uninhibited even though the pollen was collected under conditions of air-pollution. There are statistically significant differences showing longer tubes in the sensitive trees pollen grains. l he ageing of pollen from the sensitive trees occurs probably more rapidly than in the tolerant trees.
Ecological factors governing the distribution of soil microfungi in some forest soils of Pachmarhi Hills, India
Authors: Chauhan Shashi , Chauhan Ravinda K. , Agarwal Ashok K.
Published: February 2014

An ecological study of the microfungi occurring in the various forest soils of Pachmarhi Hills, India has been carried-out by the soil plate technique. Soil samples from 5 different forest communities viz., moist deciduous forest dominated by tree ferns, Diospyros forest, Terminalia forest, Shorea forest and scrub forest dominated by Acacia and Dalbergia sp. were collected during October, 1983. Some physico-chemical characteristics of the soil were analysed and their role in distribution of fungi in 5 soil types was studied and discussed. 43 fungal species were isolated, of which Asperigillus niger I and Penicillium janthinellum occurred in all the 5 soil types. Statistically, none of the edaphic factors showed positive significant correlation with the number of fungi.
Studies on Polish endemic species -vascular plants. 1. Gladiolus felicis Mirek nom, novum (=G. parviflorus Berdau nom. illeg.)
Authors: Mirek Zbigniew
Published: February 2014

This study is on an endemic species of Polish flora, known until now as Gladiolus parviflorus Berdau (Iridaceae). Due to the existence of two earlier homonyms, a new species name for this taxon is proposed - Gladiolus felicis. The position, range and rank of this enigmatic taxon are discussed on the basis of biometric studies. The localization of all of its stands known until now is presented.
Papaver somniferum - achievements, incertitudes, expectations
Authors: Bǎrǎ Ion I. , Welimann Eckard
Published: February 2014

The poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has had in the past, has now and will have in the future a special position among medicinal plants. It is of increasing scientific interest due to its utility, aesthetic, alimentary and pharmaceutical values. At present we possess much information on this plant from the fields of biochemistry, morphology, genetics and pharmacy.
Growth, fructification and plastochron index of different branches in the crown of the husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)
Authors: Brito Juan M. , Jankiewicz Leszek S. , Orduna Victor M. , Escobar Francisco C. , Covarrubias Luis M.
Published: February 2014

The husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) is commonly cultivated in Central Mexico for its fruits. The plants of cv. 'Rendidora' show sympodial growth after forming 3-5 internodes in the main axis. From there on, each internode is terminated with a node having one flower bud, one leaf and 2 branches (dichasium type of branching). With the exclusion of the first 3 bifurcations which initiate 4 equal apparent main branches of the plant, each subsequent bifurcation has unequal ramifications: a stronger one which prolongs the apparent main branch, and a weaker one which serves as the origin of an apparent lateral branch. The apparent lateral branches form smaller internodes but these internodes require more time for their growth which is the reason that the plastochron lasts longer in the apparent lateral branches. By forming a smaller number of internodes in the same period of time, the apparent lateral branches reach a lower value of the plastochron index. All apparent lateral branches of a plant produce a greater total number of fruits, but a large proportion of them abscise. Due to this, the harvested fruits come principally from the apparent main branches. The phenology of the husk tomato plant is described. Its short period of development makes possible its cultivation in regions with a limited vegetative period.
Observations on the biology of flowering of wild forms from the subgenus Glycine
Authors: Skorupska Halina , Nawracał Jerzy
Published: February 2014

Wild forms from the subgenus Glycine were collected and cultivated from 1977. In total 45 forms were gathered. Observations on the degree of variability of traits connected with the biology and effectiveness of flowering were made. Studies were done on the process of pollination and pollen tube growth in vivo in cleistogamic and chasmogamic flowers. As a result of these analyses, it was found that the phenomenon of very poor pod setting in racemes may be connected with disturbances in the process of pollination.
Factors affecting the production of seeds in fully fertile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.) and those showing a tendency to parthenocarpy
Authors: Gabara Barbara , Kubicki Bogusław
Published: February 2014

Comparative studies on the development of the female gametophyte, pollination and fertilization in two lines of Lycopersicon esculentum, Kholodostoykye (Kh, fertile) and A33 (with a tendency to parthenocarpy) have revealed that seed production is affected by disturbances in embryo sac formation but mainly by its degeneration after anthesis, which is especially visible in line A33. Moreover, delayed development of some embryo sacs and incomplete pollination due to various stigma levels seem to be responsible for the diminution of seed number in line A33. Deep fluorescence of numerous pollen grains as well as whole pollen tubes in 83.3 per cent of A33 stigmas and only 24.1 per cent in the Kh line points to the heterogeneity of pollen. This could be one more reason for reduced fertility. The results of application of plant growth regulators (auxin, PCIB) which affect seed production in tomato of line A33 remain inconclusive.
Growth analysis of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings cultivated in a wide range of experimental conditions
Authors: Żelawski Włodzimierz , Łotocki Andrzej , Morteczka Helena , Przykorska-Żelawska Teresa , Wrrześniewski Wincenty
Published: February 2014

The work of this laboratory for many years with Scots pine seedlings has allowed to collect quite unique information as to the accumulation and distribution of dry matter and the reaction of plants to various environmental influences. It seems worthwhile to publish the main experimental data almost in extenso because they may be used in future work for building mathematical models of plant growth. The presented experimental data enabled to discuss controversial points of quantitative analysis of plant growth such as: the time instant and the initial value of growth to be taken as the starting points (t0 W0); exponential approximation of the growth curve; inadequacy of allometric approach in modelling vegetative growth of plants, etc. The discussion aims at defining more closely the essential notions of growth analysis.
Chantransia hermannii (Roth) Desvaux and the systematic position of the genera Chantransia, Pseudochantransia and Audouinella
Authors: Starmach Karol
Published: February 2014

The occurrence of the species Chantransia hermannii (Roth) Desv. (Rhodophyceae) was found in a few sites in Poland. The description of the reproductive organs of this alga: monosporangia, tetrasporangia, antheridia, carpogones and gonimoblasts is given. The systematic position of the genera, Chantransia, Pseudochantransia and Audouinella is also discussed. The author suggests that the name of Chantransia should be retained as it is older than Audouinella, while the artificial name of Pseudochantransia should be eliminated.
Proteins in pea seeds after 7 months of storage at 50 and 90% relative humidity
Authors: Górecki Ryszard J. , Klasa Andrzej , Bałajewicz Artur
Published: February 2014

Two pea seed lots var. Flavanda were stored at 50 and 90% relative humidity (r.h.) at room temperature. After 7 months the germinability of seeds stored at 90% r.h. was reduced to 19%;. Similarly, the vigor of these seeds was lower as compared with seeds stored at 50% r.h. Deterioration of seeds resulted in the reduction of the albumin content from about 14 to 8 mg per seed. The content of vicillin in non-viable seeds was twice as high than in fully vigorous ones. No changes in the level of legumin appeared. During germination of seeds with lowered viability and vigor, the protein content of their embryonic axes did not increase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein extracted from the cotyledons of aged seeds showed visible changes only in the electrophoretic pattern of the albumin fraction.
Gibberellin-like substances in embryonic shoots of Scots pine in relation to generative differentiation
Authors: Kulikowska-Gulewska Halina , Kopcewicz Jan
Published: February 2014

Investigations were carried out on embryonic shoots of lateral and terminal buds of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) of different age. at various stages of seasonal devclopment. The results show that there is a correlation between gibberellins content and apical dominance in pine. More are found in terminal buds than in lateral ones. The transition from a juvenile phase into a mature one in Scots pine is accompanied by a lowering of the gibberellin content. The formation of male inflorescences is accompanied by an increased amount of endogenous gibberellins and the appearence of a new group of non-polar gibberellin-like substances. The formation of female cones is connected with the lowering of endogenous gibberellin content.
Preparative studies on the isolation of an enzyme associated with carthamin synthesis in Carthamus tinetorius L.
Authors: Homma Takao , Sawaguchi Makiko , Kawai Hirokazu , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Saito Koshi
Published: February 2014

Preliminary operations for the isolation of an enzyme associated with cathamin synthesis (carthamin-synthesizing enzyme) were done with a soluble extract of safflower seedlings. Ethanol and acetone seriously affected the solubility and the activity of the enzyme. Ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium acetate precipitation and protamine sulfate treatment were all useful techniques for removing inert protein from the crude extract however, the activity of the carthamin-synthesizing enzyme could not be separated from that of native polyphenol oxidase or peroxidase. Partial purification of the carthamin-synthesizing enzyme could be achieved by filtration of a crude extract through Sephadex G-100 gel after treating it with ammonium sulfate, calcium acetate and protamine sulfate. -the purified enzyme reacted possitively with precarthamin at pH 4.8 in 50.0 mM acetate buffer. The synthesized product was identified as carthamin by checking its Rf values on silica gel plates developed with three different developing solvents and UV absorption spectral pattern in methanol. The enzyme sample was unstable on storage and stabilization of the sample was tested by applying many procedures. Carthamin-synthesizing enzyme had low affinity to celite 535. No carthamin was found in an incubation medium containing precarthamin and an authentic sample of polyphenol oxidase or peroxidase. Carthamin could not be converted to any blackish catabolites through polyphenol oxidase- or peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative reaction. Changes in the activities of three different enzymes, carthamin-synthesizing enzyme, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, were investigated in the extract from both etiolated and green seedlings of safflower and the data were discussed in relation to the catalytic properties of the enzymes.
Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. II. Species frequency distribution and frequency distribution of the standing biomass as a function of the area size
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna J. , Symonides Ewa
Published: February 2014

Homogeneity of the Leucobryo-Pineium phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the species frequency distribution and frequency distributions of the total ground-layer biomass and those of individual species. It was confirmed that: 1) species frequency distribution and frequency distribution of biomass, as well as their statistical characteristics depended on the area size and 2) for analysed phytocoenose the area at which frequency distributions of both measures were symmetrical could be determined. The studies showed that phytocoenose homogeneity was related only to the definite area size, i.e. to the definite scale of its spatial differentiation.
An oscillatory component of propagated fluctuation electric potential in lupine shoot
Authors: Hejnowicz Zygmunt , Pijanowski Andrzej , Głębicki Krzysztof
Published: February 2014

Application of a drop of auxin solution to a cut surface on the petiole in lupine shoot elicits a travelling pulse of electric potential decrease. This pulse was simultaneously recorded by means of a DC amplifier and band-pass amplifier 0.1-100 Hz, both connected to the same exploring AgCl electrode driven into the stem. The DC record shows a pulse 20-80 mV in height of about 30 s duration at its height with smooth slopes. The band-pass amplifier shows one to a few pairs of spikes (negative and positive) whose amplitude is at least of an order lower than that of the DC pulse. These spikes are interpreted as the action potential of certain excitable cells recorded in a "volume conductor". The pulse is interpreted as a wave of cooperative depolarization of excitable and a mass of inexcitable cells.
The effect of phosphours and water deficit on phosphatase activity and proline accumulation in seedling cotyledons and roots of oilseed rape as compared to that of excised cotyledons and roots
Authors: Flasiński Stanisław , Rogozińska Janina , Drozdowska Lucyna
Published: February 2014

Oilseed rape seedlings and excised cotyledons and roots were exposed to phosphorus and osmotic stress (-1 MPa: NaCl or PEG). The stress factors limited the growth of the seedlings and inhibited the growth of the excised roots and cotyledons. The phosphorus content in the cotyledons and roots depended on its level in the media and on the stress factors used. Phosphorus deficiency differentiated total phosphatase activity in seedling cotyledons and increased the activity in the excised cotyledons. In the excised and seedling roots, the lack of phosphorus, its deficiency and stress imposed by the addition of NaCl, caused an increase in total and specific phosphatase activity. Osmotic stress caused proline accumulation in both the seedling and excised cotyledons, but the effect of phosphorus stress was much smaller. Proline increase in seedling roots followed only after the osmotic stress caused by NaCl. The proline content in the excised roots was low. Stress factors lowered the protein content in the seedling and excised cotyledons. In both seedling and excised roots, the lowering of the protein content occurred mainly in response to osmotic stress. Kinetin modified metabolic responses in seedling cotyledons and roots. The use of in vitro culture allowed the elucidation of the tested responses. In excised cotyledons grown under stress conditions, kinetin increased the phosphorus and protein contents and lowered proline accumulation, suggesting that kinetin had the ability to overcome phosphorus and osmotic stress. The excised oilseed rape roots responded only slightly to kinetin (Drozdowska and Rogozińska 1984) and its effect was much smaller.
Statistical analysis of the phytocoenose homogeneity. VI. Frequency distribution of the total species diversity and evenness indices as a function of the area size. Summing-up discussion
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna J. , Symonides Ewa
Published: February 2014

Homogeneity of the Leucobryo-Pinetum phytocoenose was assessed on the grounds of the agreement of frequency distributions of the total species diversity (A) and evenness (e) indices with the normal distribution. It was confirmed that: 1) empirical frequency distributions of H and e fitted the normal distribution only at some quadrat sizes; 2) values of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were non-linear functions of the area size; 3) mean H and e values calculated for small quadrats (1 and 2 m2) differed from those calculated for average (4 and 8 m2) and large (16 and 32 m2) quadrats: 4) the area size at which frequency distributions of both indices were symmetrical determined the scale of spatial differentiation of the phytocoenose, under which it was homogeneous.
Habitat requirements of Polygonetum natantis Soó 1927 and Potamogetonetum natantis Soó 1927 phytocenoses in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Kłosowski Stanisław , Tomaszewicz Henryk
Published: February 2014

Comparison of habitats of Polygonetum natantis Soó 1927 and Potamogetonetum natantis Soó 1927 phytocenoses as regards physical and chemical properties of the water and substrate demonstrated that the habitat requirements of both these communities are different. Polygonetum natantis phytocenoses indicate a substrate poor in nutrient components and rich waters, whereas Potamogetonetum natantis patches, on the contrary, are evidence of fertile substrate and waters poor in biophilous components. The differences in habitat conditions demonstrated between the examined communities confirm the correctness of narrow classification of aquatic plant communities, based on floristic dominance.
Isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) root saponins
Authors: Oleszek Wiesław , Jurzysta Marian
Published: February 2014

Crystalline saponins were isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) roots. They were a mixture of two glycosides showing no haemolytic or fungistatic activity. Acid hydrolysis of these saponins yielded soyasapogenols B. C. D. E and F and rhamnose. xylose, arabinose glucose and glucuronic acid as sugar components. They were poorly or not soluble in water and well soluble in ethanol. Water suspensions of these saponins did not affect winter wheat seedling growth.
Density gradient localization of vanadate- and NO-3-sensitive ATPase from sterile cultures of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleiden
Authors: Buczek Józef , Sulej Jadwiga
Published: February 2014

The present work deals with the separation and some characteristics of ATPase activities bound with plant membanes prepared from sterile cultures of Spirodela polyrrhiza. The membrane-bound ATPases were separated on sucrose gradients and distinguished by membrane density and sensitivity to several inhibitors. The results showed that N0-3-sensitive ATPase activity associated with the tonoplast was localized at a sucrose density between 1.095-1.117 g•cm-3. The vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity bound with the plasma membrane showed a density between 1.127-1.151 g•cm-3. Both ATPases were insensitive to azide and oligomycin and were separable from markers for mitochondria.
Interference of Cd2+ in functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants
Authors: Baszyński Tadeusz
Published: February 2014

The actual opinions concerning the role of Cd2+ in inhibition of photosynthesis have been reviewed. The light phase of photosynthesis, particularly the site of Cd2+ action in the photosynthetic transport chain has been given the greatest attention. Cd2+-induced inhibition of Photosystem II activity as the result of thylakoid membrane degradation has been discussed. The present studies on Cd2+-inhibited dark reactions occurring in stroma has been analysed. Attention has been drawn to the fact that the results of studies in vitro are not always compatible with the changes found in the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants growing in a Cd2 containing medium.
Food plants of burnets (Zygaena F. Lepidopt., Zvgaenidae) and the dying-out of these moths in the Pieniny Mts. (Poland)
Authors: Zarzycki Kazimierz , Dąbrowski Jerzy S.
Published: February 2014

The resources of food plants of both the Zygaena F. larvae and imagines are still fairly large in the Pieniny Mts. and Małopolska Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska). but they shrink rapidly in connection with urbanization and the intensification of agriculture. In 1982-1985 the populations of Zygaena angelicae Ochsen., Z. loti (Den. et Schiff ) Z. filipendulae (L.). Z. lonicerae (Schev.). Z. viciae, (Den. et Schiff.). and Z. pupuralis (Bünn.) inel. Z. minos (Den et Schiff.) have been observed. 5 species (Zygaena brizae (Esp.). Z. cynarae (Esp.). Z ephialtes (L.). Z. osterndensis Reiss and Z. trifolii (Esp.)) observed in the Pieniny Mts. in 1950-1960 are extinct. The decrease in the number of Zygaena species and in the size of their populations in the Pieniny Mts. and other regions of this country is caused by changes occurring in biotopes. The dying-out of moths and butterflies in the Pieniny Mts. can be stopped by a conservation of the biotopes characteristic of this region: the overgrowth of clearings and xerothermic plant associations should be prevented, meadows should be mown late in summer (August) and the use of mineral fertilizers_ and insecticides and herbicides should be reduced to a minimum in the Pieniny National Park and at its borders.
Distribution of some vascular plants and anthropopressure zones in Warsaw
Authors: Sudnik-Wójcikowska Barbara
Published: February 2014

The cartogramms of the species distribution within Warsaw were compared to the anthropopressure zones distinguished conventionally. Floras of individual zones differboth quantitatively and qualitatively. Some species are more confined to specific zones some have even an indicator value. The most interesting taxa are those found in sites where anthropopressure is the greatest.
Glyceria declinata Bréb. (Gramineae) in Poland. distribution and habitats
Authors: Mirek Zbigniew , Załuski Tomasz
Published: February 2014

Distribution, habitats and phytocenoses of Glyceria declinata Bréb. in Poland are presented, basing on the herbarium material, field study and literature. A key to species of GIyceria R. Brown section Glyceria is provided, along with detailed description and drawings of G. declinata Bréb.
Gene flow in parapatric plant populations of Agrostis tenuis L.and Festuca rubra L.
Authors: Karataglis Stylianos
Published: February 2014

The gene flow between populations of Agrostis tennis L. and Festuca rubra L. on a Zn/Pb mine and adjacent areas, which met at a distance of 150 m from the mine boundaries, was studied. It was found that the mine populations exhibit a high index of tolerance to Zn and Pb, elements encountered in the soil. Those outside the mine show relatively high indices of tolerance towards Zn and Pb, despite the fact that these elements are absent from the soil. On the other hand, the index of tolerance towards Cu, absent from the soil, of populations inside and outside the mine, was very low and did not differ from that of the control. Time difference in the flowering of these parapatric populations acts against gene flow thus resulting in a tendency for the neighbouring populations to isolate.
Studies on the interaction of growth regulators with potassium ions in some physiological processes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). III The effect of growth regulators on growth, chlorophyll level and transpiration depending on potassium concentration
Authors: Stopińska Jadwiga
Published: February 2014

Leaf growth and chlorophyll level in GA3-treated bean, and leaf growth and transpiration intensity in ABA-treated bean plants were studied at two potassium concentrations in the medium (1 and 3 mM KNO3). The plants were grown on Hoagland's solution and growth regulators were applied to the shoot growth apexes. Both GA3 and K+ ions were found to stimulate growth of primary leaves and increase their potassium amount. GA3 contrary to K+ slightly decreased the potassium content in leaves Both factors reduced the chlorophyll content but did not affect the total chlorophyll amount in these organs Interaction between GA3 and K+ ions was of additive nature. The effect of ABA and K+ ions on growth of both kinds of leaves and on the amount and content of potassium in them were antagonistic. The inhibitory effect of the hormone was stronger at higher potassium concentration in the medium. Either factor reduced transpiration intensity in leaves, however, the inhibitory effect of the growth regulator was stronger at lower potassium concentration. The potassium level modified both the physiological effect of the regulators and the sensitivity of bean particularly to ABA.
Characteristic carotenoids in some phytobenthos species in the coastal area of the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Czeczuga Bazyli
Published: February 2014

The author investigated the presence of various carotcnoids in some phytobenthos species (20 species representative of Chlorophytn, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) from the coast of the Adriatic Sea. The presence of following carotenoids has been determined 1) in Chlorophyta lycopene, α-, β-, γ- , ε-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, siphonein and astaxanthin esier; 2) in Phorophyta: α-, β-, γ- , ε- carotene, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, diataxanthin, fucoxanthin, fucoxanthol, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and rhodoxanthin-like: 3) in Rhodophyta α-, β-, γ-carotene,α-, β-,cryptoxanthin, lutein lutein epoxide, zeaxanthin, anthcraxanthin, mutatoxanthin, fucoxanthin neoxanthin and violaxanthin The total carotenoid content ranged from 1.197 ( Cystoseira corniculata) to 16 748 mg g-1 dry weight (Chaetomorpha aerea).
The intracellular localization of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in Pisum arvense roots
Authors: Kubik-Dorosz Genowefa
Published: February 2014

Mitochondria and plastids were isolated from Pisum arvense root cells by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The individual subcellular fractions so obtained were subjected to isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate strips. Mitochondria and plastids each contained one NAD -malate dehydrogenase, while three isoenzymes were associated with the supernatant.
Steroidal alkaloids of Solanum lycopersicoides
Authors: Oleszek Wiesław , Shannon Stanton , Robinson Richard W.
Published: February 2014

Tomatine was identified as the sole glycoalkaloid of Solanum lycopersicoides leaves. Its quantity in field-grown plants was about 3.2 3.5", of leaf dry matter. This finding gives more evidence of the strong affinity of S. lycopersicoides to the genus Lyropersicon. Furthermore it sugests that this species can be a useful germplasm in tomato breeding
The structure of the endodermis during the development of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots
Authors: Kopcińska Joanna , Golinowski Władysław
Published: February 2014

It is shown on the basis of cytological studies that during the development of the pea root endodermis, the following structures were formed (in order of appearance): proendodermis, Casparian strips, suberin lamellae and secondary cell walls. The proendodermis cells had, in addition to the commonly occurring cell components, small vacuoles filled with phenols. The Casparian strips developed in the radial walls and accounted for no more than 1/3 of their length. The suberin layer, found on all of the endodermis walls, was deposited last over the Casparian strips. The secondary cell wall was formed only in the cells located over the phloem bundles. Its thickness was uniform over the entire circumference of the cell.
The in vitro development of isolated rye proembryos
Authors: Stefaniak Barbara
Published: February 2014

Isolated 7 day-old rye proembryos, 130-150 µm long, which were inoculated directly onto a medium, degenerated by 100%. Proembryos of the same size, introduced into culture using nurse endosperm, survived by 74%, from which 64% developed normally, giving green and rooted plants.
An improved method of preparing onion bulbs for the Alium test
Authors: Wierzbicka Małgorzata
Published: February 2014

The tests on storage and preparation of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs presented in this paper were performed in order to obtain the highest possible number of roots of similar length, which would be suitable for performing the Allium test. The results were subject to a detailed statistical analysis and allowed the following procedure to be recommended: 1) Store the bulbs at room temperature rather than in a refrigerator for two weeks before starting the experiments. 2) Do not use the biggest bulbs (over 80-100 g); use medium and small bulbs with the largest possible diameter of the reduced stem. 3) Just before starting the culture, wash the bottom part of the bulb, cut out the central part of the reduced stem and cut off the upper part of the bulb. At least 70% of bulbs prepared this way are expected to be suitable for cytological tests.