bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA BOLA KREMES SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Palupi Tri
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan rendahnya hasil belajar keterampilan materi guling depan dan guling belakang adalah dasar penyusunan penelitian best practice kelas VII E MTs Negeri 8 Semester ini, pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) di Kebumen melakukan penerapan alat peraga pembelajaran bola kremes sebagai strategi pembelajaran PJOK dalam upaya meningkatkan efektifitas dan hasil belajar psikomotor atau keterampilan. Proses belajar mengajar dapat berlangsung baik jika guru mampu mengelola proses tersebut sedemikian rupa, sehingga menghasilkan pembelajaran yang berkualitas.

Prinsip belajar aktif dan efisien inilah yang diharapkan dapat mewujudkan suasana pembelajaran PJOK aktif, kreatif dan menyenangkan. Salah satu alternatif yang bisa digunakan penerapan penggunaan alat peraga pembelajaran bola kremes dalam proses pembelajaran senam lantai guling depan dan guling belakang mata pelajaran PJOK. Hasil penelitian best practice ini menunjukan bahwa siswa yang telah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bantuan alat peraga pembelajaran bola kremes menjadi lebih mudah menguasai gerakan guling depan dan guling belakang karena saat siswa melakukan gerakan guling depan dan guling belakang siswa selalu berusaha menjaga kepala tetap menempel dileher menjaga bola tidak terjatuh, sehingga secara langsung mendukung gerakan mengguling kedepan dan kebelakang karena posisi kepala, badan dan kaki tetap bulat. Peningkatan hasil belajar Psikomotor Kompetensi dasar senam lantai siswa Kelas VII E sebesar 40,63 % dari tes awal 17 siswa menjadi 30 siswa. Sehingga Implementasi Penggunaan Alat Peraga Bola Kremes terbukti dapat meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Materi Guling Depan dan Guling Belakang Senam Lantai Siswa Kelas VII E Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.

Kata kunci:  Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Bola Kremes, Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 8 Kebumen, Peningkatan Hasil Belajar, Pembelajaran PJOK.
PEMIKIRAN AL-RAGHIB AL-ASFAHANI TENTANG AL-QUR'AN, TAFSIR DAN TA'WIL
Authors: Rahmah Wahyuni Shifatur
Published: March 2022

Al-Qur'an adalah teks inti (coretexts) dalam sejarah peradaban Arab. Karena al-Qur’an menggunakan Bahasa Arab, maka salah satu pemikir al-Qur'an abad pertengahan,  Al-Raghib al-Asfahani, memfokuskan penelitiannya pada hakekat al-Qur'an dan wataknya sebagai teks bahasa.

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pandangan al-Asfahani tentang al-Qur'an, Tafsir dan Ta'wil.Melalui deskripsi analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaAl-Asfahani berupaya memahami al-Qur'an lewat pendalaman terhadap bahasa arab melalui karyanya mu'jam al-Mufradat li Alfaz al-Qur'an. Bagi al-Asfahani, sarana yang paling utama dalam memahami al-Qur'an adalah lewat penguasaan terhadap bahasa. Karena al-Qur'an sebagai kitab agung berbahasa Arab, dengan pengaruh sastrawinya yang indah.Lebih jelasnya, Ia menguraikan ayat-aya al-Qur'an melalui mufradat (kosa kata) lafaz-lafaz dan pengertian-pengertian yang ditunjukkannya menurut letak kata-kata dalam rangkaian kalimat. Jadi tidak berangkat dari sebuah ayat kemudian dikupas melalui kajian bahasa, tapi metode yang dipakai adalah menetapkan kosa kata atau kata-kata pokok dalam al-Qur'an kemudian dihubungkan dengan potongan-potongan ayat yang terdapat kata yang sama.
Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Kepala Desa terhadap Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Tanah
Authors: Efrianto Didik , Herman Herman , Haris Oheo K.
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menguji penerbitan surat keterangan tanah oleh kepala desa di luar wewenangnya dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai tindak pidana. Untuk menganalisis pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi kepala desa yang menerbitkan surat keterangan tanah di luar wewenangnya. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Penelitian ini menghasilkan jawaban adalah secara administratif Surat Keterangan Tanah merupakan alat bukti tertulis di bawah tangan yang kekuatan pembuktiannya tidak sekuat akta otentik. Namun karena surat keterangan tanah tersebut merupakan surat-surat yang dikategorikan alas hak atau data yuridis atas tanah yang dijadikan syarat kelengkapan persyaratan permohonan hak atas tanah sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan pertanahan. Kekuatan hukum surat keterangan tanah sebagai alat bukti yang dibuat oleh Kepala Desa dalam transaksi jual beli tanah ditinjau dari Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 tentang pendaftaran tanah, berkekuatan hukum yang sah apabila diketahui oleh camat selaku pejabat pembuat akta tanah. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan tanggung jawab Kepala Desa dalam mengeluarkan surat keterangan tanah tidak dapat dikategorikan tindak pidana karena merujuk bunyi Pasal 39 ayat (1) huruf b angka (1) dan angka (2) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997. Harus diketahui bahwa Kepala Desa berwenang untuk membuat surat keterangan yang menguatkan sebagai bukti hak dengan yang bersangkutan yang menguasai bidang Tanah tersebut.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Terhadap Regulasi Penanganan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan
Authors: Juliwanto Juliwanto , Jufri Muhammad , Sensu La
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan Menganalisis dasar kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19; Menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dimasa pandemi COVID-19; dan Menganalisis regulasi terkait COVID-19 Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam perspektif protokol kesehatan. penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. penelitian ini menunjukkan: Bahwa dasar kewenangan pengaturan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam penanganan pandemi COVID-19 berdasarkan atribusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Pasal 18 ayat (6) dan Kewenangan berdasarkan Freies Ermessen; Kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan wujud menjalankan pemerintahan dalam rangka penanganan COVID-19 meliputi peraturan, keputusan, edaran, dan himbauan. Jenis kebijakan jika mengacu pada Peraturan Kepala Arsip Nasional Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Tata Naskah Dinas, himbauan tidak termasuk dalam pedoman tata naskah dinas; dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam penanganan pandemi COVID-19 mengacu pada ketentuan protokol kesehatan.
Pembuktian Pembajakan Hak Cipta atas Karya Digital Melalui File Sharing di Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Riswan Hanafyah , Yuningsih Deity , Zahrowati Zahrowati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data yang kemudian akan diolah dan dianalisis, sehingga pada akhirnya dapat diusulkan berbagai rekomendasi yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui pembuktian pembajakan hak cipta atas karya digital melalui file sharing di Indonesia. Serta untuk memahami penyelesaian perdata terkait pembajakan hak cipta atas karya digital melalui file sharing di Indonesia.  Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penulisan normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pembuktian pembajakan hak cipta atas karya digital melalui file sharing di Indonesia adalah pada umumnya sama dengan pembuktian dalam hukum acara perdata yakni asas actori incumbit probatio yang berarti barang siapa mempunyai sesuatu hak atau mengemukakan suatu peristiwa harus membuktikan adanya hak atau peristiwa itu. Mengenai alat bukti juga memiliki kesamaan namun karena domain pembajakan atas karya digital melalui file sharing adalah dengan media komputer atau sejenisnya sehingga dimungkinkan alat bukti elektronik, yang memiliki kendala teknis berupa pembuktian orisinalitas dari alat bukti yang dihadirkan dan kendala non teknis berupa rentannya kerusakan serta hilangnya barang bukti elektronik yang disimpan, selain itu bentuk penyelesaian perdata terkait pembajakan hak cipta atas karya digital melalui file sharing di Indonesia adalah terdapat beberapa bentuk penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta, penyelesaian tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, arbitrase, atau pengadilan.
The Geometry of Coronary Artery Bifurcations and Its Role in Plaque Formation
Authors: Alberto Otero-Cacho , Alberto P Muñuzuri
Published: March 2022

The risk of cardiovascular diseases is determined by the deposition of plaque in the coronary arteries. The areas of plaque deposition are also controlled by the flow dynamics and, for this, the topology of the arterial bifurcations has shown to be crucial. We present a detailed analysis of different topologies at the bifurcation based on numerical simulations of a mathematical model. Different diameters of the involved vessels as well as angle between them are analyzed. Unexpectedly, the curvature of the walls connecting the vessels is observed to play an important role.
High-Rate Sulfate Removal Coupled to Elemental Sulfur Production in Mining Process Waters Based on Membrane-Biofilm Technology
Authors: Schwarz Alex , Gaete María , Nancucheo Iván , Villa-Gomez Denys , Aybar Marcelo , Sbárbaro Daniel
Published: March 2022

It is anticipated that copper mining output will significantly increase over the next 20 years because of the more intensive use of copper in electricity-related technologies such as for transport and clean power generation, leading to a significant increase in the impacts on water resources if stricter regulations and as a result cleaner mining and processing technologies are not implemented. A key concern of discarded copper production process water is sulfate. In this study we aim to transform sulfate into sulfur in real mining process water. For that, we operate a sequential 2-step membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) system. We coupled a hydrogenotrophic MBfR (H2-MBfR) for sulfate reduction to an oxidizing MBfR (O2-MBfR) for oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur. A key process improvement of the H2-MBfR was online pH control, which led to stable high-rate sulfate removal not limited by biomass accumulation and with H2 supply that was on demand. The H2-MBfR easily adapted to increasing sulfate loads, but the O2-MBfR was difficult to adjust to the varying H2-MBfR outputs, requiring better coupling control. The H2-MBfR achieved high average volumetric sulfate reduction performances of 1.7–3.74 g S/m3-d at 92–97% efficiencies, comparable to current high-rate technologies, but without requiring gas recycling and recompression and by minimizing the H2 off-gassing risk. On the other hand, the O2-MBfR reached average volumetric sulfur production rates of 0.7–2.66 g S/m3-d at efficiencies of 48–78%. The O2-MBfR needs further optimization by automatizing the gas feed, evaluating the controlled removal of excess biomass and S0 particles accumulating in the biofilm, and achieving better coupling control between both reactors. Finally, an economic/sustainability evaluation shows that MBfR technology can benefit from the green production of H2 and O2 at operating costs which compare favorably with membrane filtration, without generating residual streams, and with the recovery of valuable elemental sulfur.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on the Quality of the Chemical Bond of Glass Ionomer Cement Dentine in Primary Teeth
Authors: Abed Faisal Mohammed , Kotha Sunil Babu , AlShukairi Haneen , Almotawah Fatmah Nasser , Alabdulaly Rwan Abdulali , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background: The nanotechnologies have been applied for dental restorative materials manufacturing such as glass ionomer cement, composites, tooth regeneration, and endodontic sealers. The study aimed to investigate the chemical bond of conventional glass ionomer cement and to evaluate the addition of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the quality of the chemical bond of glass ionomer cement to primary dentin.

Methods: Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) powder was added in concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% to the conventional powder of GIC Fuji II. Then, the powder was added to the liquid and mixed with the recommended powder/liquid ratio of 3.6:1 g. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of teeth with 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% w/w of silver nanoparticles in GIC fills and the control tooth were obtained. The conventional glass ionomer was used as a control group. The control and the plain silver tooth were subjected to FTIR analysis using an ATR–FTIR spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) with zinc selenide (ZnSe) ATR crystal (attenuated total reflection) and OPUS v7.5 software. All spectra were recorded in the range of 500–3,500 cm−1 in the transmission mode with an ATR module.

Results: The AgNPs added at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% concentration to GIC provided some information in the context of bond interaction with the dentin. Various bond peaks were seen for calcium, carbonate, phosphate, and amide. In our study, only the amide and phosphate were generated. The amide peaks were almost similar to the control, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%, with the peaks in the range of 1250–1650 cm−1. There was a clear shift in the phosphate peak from the control, 0.2, and 0.4%, which was about 1050 cm−1, whereas for 0.6%, there was a clear shift from 1050 cm−1 to 880 cm−1.

Conclusion: GIC supplemented with AgNPs showed that a concentration above 0.4% of AgNPs altered the bond quality in dentin interaction. In conclusion, adding AgNPs at a minimal level improves the mechanical properties and maintains the same bond quality as GIC.
Applying Principles of Regenerative Medicine to Vascular Stent Development
Authors: Selvakumar Prakash Parthiban , Rafuse Michael Scott , Johnson Richard , Tan Wei
Published: March 2022

Stents are a widely-used device to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to explore the application of regenerative medicine principles into current and future stent designs. This review will cover regeneration-relevant approaches emerging in the current research landscape of stent technology. Regenerative stent technologies include surface engineering of stents with cell secretomes, cell-capture coatings, mimics of endothelial products, surface topography, endothelial growth factors or cell-adhesive peptides, as well as design of bioresorable materials for temporary stent support. These technologies are comparatively analyzed in terms of their regenerative effects, therapeutic effects and challenges faced; their benefits and risks are weighed up for suggestions about future stent developments. This review highlights two unique regenerative features of stent technologies: selective regeneration, which is to selectively grow endothelial cells on a stent but inhibit the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, and stent-assisted regeneration of ischemic tissue injury.
Haemodynamic Wall Shear Stress, Endothelial Permeability and Atherosclerosis—A Triad of Controversy
Authors: Weinberg Peter D.
Published: March 2022

A striking feature of atherosclerosis is its patchy distribution within the vascular system; certain arteries and certain locations within each artery are preferentially affected. Identifying the local risk factors underlying this phenomenon may lead to new therapeutic strategies. The large variation in lesion prevalence in areas of curvature and branching has motivated a search for haemodynamic triggers, particular those related to wall shear stress (WSS). The fact that lesions are rich in blood-derived lipids has motivated studies of local endothelial permeability. However, the location of lesions, the underlying haemodynamic triggers, the role of permeability, the routes by which lipids cross the endothelium, and the mechanisms by which WSS affects permeability have all been areas of controversy. This review presents evidence for and against the current consensus that lesions are triggered by low and/or oscillatory WSS and that this type of shear profile leads to elevated entry of low density lipoprotein (LDL) into the wall via widened intercellular junctions; it also evaluates more recent evidence that lesion location changes with age, that multidirectional shear stress plays a key role, that LDL dominantly crosses the endothelium by transcytosis, and that the link between flow and permeability results from hitherto unrecognised shear-sensitive mediators.
Exploring the Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook Genome by BAC Sequencing
Authors: Ji Yuan , Zhu Liming , Hao Zhaodong , Su Shunde , Zheng Xueyan , Shi Jisen , Zheng Renhua , Chen Jinhui
Published: March 2022

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook is an important economic timber tree in China. However, its genome characteristics have not been extensively assessed. To better understand its genome information, the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of chinese fir was constructed. A total of 422 BAC clones were selected and divided into 10 pools and sequenced, and with an average insert size of 121 kb, ranging from 97 to 145 kb. A total of 61,902,523 bp of reference sequences were sequenced and assembled, and based on an estimated genome size of 11.6 Gb for Chinese fir, the BAC library was estimated to have a total coverage of 0.53% genome equivalents. Bioinformatics analyses were also performed for repeated sequences, tRNAs, coding gene prediction, and functional annotation. The results of this study provide insights into the brief structure of the Chinese fir genome and has generated gene data that will facilitate molecular investigations on the mechanisms underlying tree growth.
Macrophage Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B Deficiency Promotes Peripheral Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Su Wenhua , Liang Liwen , Zhou Liang , Cao Yu , Zhou Xiuli , Liu Shiqi , Wang Qian , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2022

Background: Peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the lower limbs. Given its complex nature, bioinformatics can help identify crucial genes involved in the progression of peripheral atherosclerosis.

Materials and Methods: Raw human gene expression data for 462 PAD arterial plaque and 23 normal arterial samples were obtained from the GEO database. The data was analyzed using an integrated, multi-layer approach involving differentially-expressed gene analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, GO term enrichment analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis. The monocyte/macrophage-expressed leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) was strongly associated with the human PAD phenotype. To explore the role of the murine LILRB2 homologue PirB in vivo, we created a myeloid-specific PirB-knockout Apoe−/− murine model of PAD (PirBMΦKO) to analyze femoral atherosclerotic burden, plaque features of vulnerability, and monocyte recruitment to femoral atherosclerotic lesions. The phenotypes of PirBMΦKO macrophages under various stimuli were also investigated in vitro.

Results:PirBMΦKO mice displayed increased femoral atherogenesis, a more vulnerable plaque phenotype, and enhanced monocyte recruitment into lesions. PirBMΦKO macrophages showed enhanced pro-inflammatory responses and a shift toward M1 over M2 polarization under interferon-γ and oxidized LDL exposure. PirBMΦKO macrophages also displayed enhanced efferocytosis and reduced lipid efflux under lipid exposure.

Conclusion: Macrophage PirB reduces peripheral atherosclerotic burden, stabilizes peripheral plaque composition, and suppresses macrophage accumulation in peripheral lesions. Macrophage PirB inhibits pro-inflammatory activation, inhibits efferocytosis, and promotes lipid efflux, characteristics critical to suppressing peripheral atherogenesis.
EBV-Induced CXCL8 Upregulation Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry in Gastric Carcinoma via NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Zhang Jing-yue , Du Yu , Gong Li-ping , Shao Yi-ting , Wen Jing-yun , Sun Li-ping , He Dan , Guo Jin-rui , Chen Jian-ning , Shao Chun-kui
Published: March 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct entity with a conspicuous tumor microenvironment compared with EBV-negative gastric carcinoma. However, the exact role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we found that EBV upregulated CXCL8 expression, and CXCL8 significantly promoted vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation of gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. In accordance with these observations, overexpression of CXCL8 increased cell proliferation and migration of AGS and BGC823 cells, while knockdown of CXCL8 with siRNA inhibited cell proliferation and migration of AGS-EBV cells. In addition, activation of NF-κB signaling was involved in VM formation induced by CXCL8, which was blocked by NF-κB inhibitors BAY 11-7082 and BMS345541. Furthermore, EBV-encoded lncRNA RPMS1 activated the NF-κB signaling cascade, which is responsible for EBV-induced VM formation. Both xenografts and clinical samples of EBVaGC exhibit VM histologically, which are correlated with CXCL8 overexpression. Finally, CXCL8 is positively correlated with overall survival in GC patients. In conclusion, EBV-upregulated CXCL8 expression promotes VM formation in GC via NF-κB signaling, and CXCL8 might serve as a novel anti-tumor target for EBVaGC.
Insights Into Mitochondrial Dynamics in Chlamydial Infection
Authors: Yang Yewei , Lei Wenbo , Zhao Lanhua , Wen Yating , Li Zhongyu
Published: March 2022

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are instrumental in the creation of energy, metabolism, apoptosis, and intrinsic immunity. Mitochondria exhibit an extraordinarily high degree of flexibility, and are constantly undergoing dynamic fusion and fission changes. Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that causes serious health problems in both humans and animals. Due to a deficiency of multiple metabolic enzymes, these pathogenic bacteria are highly dependent on their eukaryotic host cells, resulting in a close link between Chlamydia infection and host cell mitochondria. Indeed, Chlamydia increase mitochondrial fusion by inhibiting the activation of dynein-related protein 1 (DRP1), which can regulate host cell metabolism for extra energy. Additionally, Chlamydia can inhibit mitochondrial fission by blocking DRP1 oligomerization, preventing host cell apoptosis. These mechanisms are critical for maintaining a favorable environment for reproduction and growth of Chlamydia. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission, as well as the mechanisms by which Chlamydia infection alters the mitochondrial dynamics and the prospects of limiting chlamydial development by altering mitochondrial dynamics.
Study on the Anti-Adenovirus Mechanism of Sargassum fusiforme
Authors: Feng Guanrong , Zhang Duo , Peng Chengcheng , Wu Mingjiang , Xiao Pengpeng , Li Nan
Published: March 2022

Human adenovirus (HAdV) has a worldwide distribution and remains a major pathogen that leads to infections of the respiratory tract. No specific treatments or vaccines are yet available for HAdV infection. Sargassum fusiforme, an edible seaweed, has attracted a lot of attention for its various bioactivities. S. fusiforme has been reported to exhibit antiviral activity. However, research studies about its anti-HAdV activity are few. In this research, we found that S. fusiforme had low cytotoxicity and possessed anti-human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV7) activity in vitro, and the most effective ingredient was alginate. The time of addition assay demonstrated inhibitory effects that were observed in all life stages of the virus. In addition, we observed that the antiviral activity of alginate against HAdV7 infection might be closely related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that S. fusiforme extracts have potential application in the prevention and treatment of HAdV infection.
Defining a Flexible Notion of “Good” STEM Writing Across Contexts: Lessons Learned From a Cross-Institutional Conversation
Authors: Grady Sara M. , Morton-Aiken Jenna , Druschke Caroline Gottschalk , Lofgren Ingrid E. , Karraker Nancy E. , McWilliams Scott R. , Reynolds Nedra , Finan Elaine , Wolter Patti L. , Leff Donna R. , Kennedy Michael
Published: March 2022

We respond to a surging interest in science communication training for graduate scientists by advocating for a focus on rhetorically informed approaches to STEM writing and its assessment. We argue that STEM communication initiatives would benefit by shifting from a strategic focus on products to a flexible understanding of writing as a practice worthy of attention and study. To do that, we use our experience across two universities and two distinct programmatic contexts to train STEM graduate students in writing and communication. We draw from cross-disciplinary conversations to identify four facets of “good” STEM writing: (1) connecting to the big picture; (2) explaining science; (3) adhering to genre conventions; and (4) choosing context-appropriate language. We then describe our ongoing conversations across contexts to develop and implement flexible rubrics that capture and foster conversations around “good” writing. In doing so, we argue for a notion of writing rubrics as boundary objects, capable of fostering cross-disciplinary, integrative conversations and collaborations that strengthen student writing, shift STEM students toward a rhetorically informed sense of “good” writing, and offer that kinds of assessment data that make for persuasive evidence of the power of writing-centric approaches for STEM administrators and funders.
Kinetics of Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis Biomarkers During an Extreme Mountain Ultramarathon
Authors: Le Goff Caroline , Viallon Magalie , Kaux Jean-François , Andonian Pierre , Moulin Kevin , Seidel Laurence , Giardini Guido , Gergelé Laurent , Croisille Pierre , Cavalier Etienne , Millet Gregoire P.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The effects of ultra-distance on cardiac remodeling and fibrosis are unclear. Moreover, there are no data reporting the kinetics of cardiac alterations throughout the event and during recovery. Our aim was to investigate the kinetics of biological markers including new cardiac fibrosis biomarkers suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) during and after an extreme mountain ultramarathon.

Methods

Fifty experienced runners participating in one of the most challenging mountain ultramarathons (330 km, D+ 25,000 m) were enrolled in our study. Blood samples were collected at four time points: before (Pre-), at 148 km (Mid-), at the finish line (Post-), and 3 days after the recovery period (Recov-).

Results

The cardiac fibrosis biomarkers (ST2 and Gal-3) increased from Pre- to Mid-. During the second half, ST2 remained higher than pre-values as opposed to Gal-3. Necrosis, ischemia, and myocyte injury biomarkers increased until Mid- then decreased but remained higher at Recov- than Pre-values. Oxidative stress appeared at Mid-. Lipid peroxides remained higher at Recov- compared to Pre-. The maximal value in most of these biomarkers was observed at Mid- and not at Post-.

Conclusions

The present study supports biphasic kinetics of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers, with a relative recovery during the second half of the event that seems specific to this extreme event. Overall, performing at such an extreme ultramarathon seems less deleterious for the heart than shorter events.
Social Inequalities in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Amiya Eisuke
Published: March 2022

Heart failure (HF) has various characteristics, such as etiology, clinical course, and clinical characteristics. Several studies reported the clinical findings of the characteristics of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. There have been issues with genetic, biochemical, or pathophysiological problems. Some studies have been conducted on non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and social factors, for instance, racial disparities in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) or the social setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, there have been insufficient materials to consider the relationship between social factors and clinical course in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. There were various methodologies in therapeutic interventions, such as pharmacological, surgical, or rehabilitational, and educational issues. However, interventions that could be closely associated with social inequality have not been sufficiently elucidated. We will summarize the effects of social equality, which could have a large impact on the development and progression of HF in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies.
Scientific Production of Rectors of Peruvian Universities
Authors: Carranza-Esteban Renzo , Turpo-Chaparro Josué , Hernández Ronald M. , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Apaza-Romero Abel
Published: March 2022

The objective is to analyze the scientific production of the rectors of licensed Peruvian universities. The scientific production of the rectors was identified through the search of their publications registered in Scopus and Web of Science. It was reported that only 14.29% of Rectors have published articles and the average h-index in the databases is 3.62 and 1.14, respectively. It is concluded that the scientific production of the rectors is low, and it is important to establish policies that help the universities to have criteria in the election of the rector in relation to their scientific production.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors Improve Cardiorenal Outcome of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Wen , Liu Jin , Chen Shiqun , Xu Xinghao , Guo Dachuan , He Yibo , Huang Zhidong , Wang Bo , Huang Haozhang , Li Qiang , Chen Jiyan , Chen Hong , Tan Ning , Liu Yong
Published: March 2022

Objective

Sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are beneficial for cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether or not the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have prognostic benefit from SGLT-2i treatment has not been fully studied. The purpose of this meta−analysis is to determine the prognostic benefit of SGLT-2i administration in CAD patients.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception until October 15, 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of SGLT-2i on major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular (CV) death and cardiorenal parameters in CAD patients. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and mean difference (MD) from trials were meta-analyzed using fixed-effects models.

Results

Nine trials enrolling 15,301 patients with CAD were included in the analyses. Overall, SGLT2i were associated with a reduced risk of MACE (HR: 0.84; 95% CI 0.74–0.95; I2 = 0%), HHF (HR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.58–0.83; I2 = 0%) and a composite of CV death or HHF (HR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.71–0.86; I2 = 37%) in CAD patients. Compared with control group, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level decreased less in SGLT-2i group (mean difference [MD] = −3.60, 95% CI, −5.90 to −1.30, p = 0.002; I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

SGLT-2i can improve cardiorenal outcomes in CAD patients. Further RCTs and real world studies are need to investigate the effect of SGLT2i on CAD patients.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, CRD42021258237.
Omics Studies for the Identification of Ascidian Peptides, Cognate Receptors, and Their Relevant Roles in Ovarian Follicular Development
Authors: Kawada Tsuyoshi , Osugi Tomohiro , Matsubara Shin , Sakai Tsubasa , Shiraishi Akira , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Satake Honoo
Published: March 2022

Omics studies contribute to the elucidation of genomes and profiles of gene expression. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis Type A (Ciona robusta), mass spectrometry (MS)-based peptidomic studies have detected numerous Ciona-specific (nonhomologous) neuropeptides as well as Ciona homologs of typical vertebrate neuropeptides and hypothalamic peptide hormones. Candidates for cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for these peptides have been found in the Ciona transcriptome by two ways. First, Ciona homologous GPCRs of vertebrate counterparts have been detected by sequence homology searches of cognate transcriptomes. Second, the transcriptome-derived GPCR candidates have been used for machine learning-based systematic prediction of interactions not only between Ciona homologous peptides and GPCRs but also between novel Ciona peptides and GPCRs. These data have ultimately led to experimental evidence for various Ciona peptide-GPCR interactions. Comparative transcriptomics between the wildtype and Ciona vasopressin (CiVP) gene-edited Ciona provide clues to the biological functions of CiVP in ovarian follicular development and whole body growth. Furthermore, the transcriptomes of follicles treated with peptides, such as Ciona tachykinin and cionin (a Ciona cholecystokinin homolog), have revealed key regulatory genes for Ciona follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation, eventually leading to the verification of essential and novel molecular mechanisms underlying these biological events. These findings indicate that omics studies, combined with artificial intelligence and single-cell technologies, pave the way for investigating in greater details the nervous, neuroendocrine, and endocrine systems of ascidians and the molecular and functional evolution and diversity of peptidergic regulatory networks throughout chordates.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Integration Analysis Reveals the Correlation Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Fibroblasts
Authors: Fan Chuiqin , Liao Maochuan , Xie Lichun , Huang Liangping , Lv Siyu , Cai Siyu , Su Xing , Wang Yue , Wang Hongwu , Wang Manna , Liu Yulin , Wang Yu , Guo Huijie , Yang Hanhua , Liu Yufeng , Wang Tianyou , Ma Lian
Published: March 2022

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts show similar morphology, surface marker expression, and proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. These similarities not only blur their cell identities but also limit their application.

Methods: We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing of the human umbilical cord and foreskin MSCs (HuMSCs and FSMSCs) and extracted the single-cell transcriptome data of the bone marrow and adipose MSCs (BMSCs and ADMSCs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we performed quality control, batch effect correction, integration, and clustering analysis of the integrated single-cell transcriptome data from the HuMSCs, FMSCs, BMSCs, and ADMSCs. The cell subsets were annotated based on the surface marker phenotypes for the MSCs (CD105+, CD90+, CD73+, CD45−, CD34−, CD19−, HLA-DRA−, and CD11b−), fibroblasts (VIM+, PECAM1−, CD34−, CD45−, EPCAM−, and MYH11−), and pericytes (CD146+, PDGFRB+, PECAM1−, CD34−, and CD45−). The expression levels of common fibroblast markers (ACTA2, FAP, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, S100A4, FN1, COL1A1, POSTN, DCN, COL1A2, FBLN2, COL1A2, DES, and CDH11) were also analyzed in all cell subsets. Finally, the gene expression profiles, differentiation status, and the enrichment status of various gene sets and regulons were compared between the cell subsets.

Results: We demonstrated 15 distinct cell subsets in the integrated single-cell transcriptome sequencing data. Surface marker annotation demonstrated the MSC phenotype in 12 of the 15 cell subsets. C10 and C14 subsets demonstrated both the MSC and pericyte phenotypes. All 15 cell subsets demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype. C8, C12, and C13 subsets exclusively demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype. We identified 3,275 differentially expressed genes, 305 enriched gene sets, and 34 enriched regulons between the 15 cell subsets. The cell subsets that exclusively demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype represented less primitive and more differentiated cell types.

Conclusion: Cell subsets with the MSC phenotype also demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype, but cell subsets with the fibroblast phenotype did not necessarily demonstrate the MSC phenotype, suggesting that MSCs represented a subclass of fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that the MSCs and fibroblasts represented highly heterogeneous populations with distinct cell subsets, which could be identified based on the differentially enriched gene sets and regulons that specify proliferating, differentiating, metabolic, and/or immunomodulatory functions.
Clinical Significance and Potential Mechanisms of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xin , Huang Jia-mi , Li Tian-man , Liu Jun-qi , Wei Zhong-liu , Lan Chen-lu , Zhu Guang-zhi , Liao Xi-wen , Ye Xin-ping , Peng Tao
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ATP binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Student t-test was used to compare the expression level of ABCCs between HCC and paraneoplastic tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied for diagnostic efficiency assessment. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were respectively applied for survival analysis. Genes with prognostic significance were subsequently used to construct prognostic models. From the perspective of genome-wide enrichment analysis, the mechanisms of prognosis-related ABCC genes were attempted to be elaborated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). It was observed in the TCGA database that ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC10 were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues, while ABCC6 and ABCC7 were downregulated in HCC tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that ABCC7 might be a potential diagnostic biomarker in HCC. ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 were significantly related to the prognosis of HCC in the TCGA database. The prognostic significance of ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 was also observed in the Guangxi cohort. In the Guangxi cohort, both polymerase chain reaction and IHC (immunohistochemical) assays demonstrated higher expression of ABCC1, ABCC4, and ABCC5 in HCC compared to liver tissues, while the opposite was true for ABCC6. GSEA analysis indicated that ABCC1 was associated with tumor differentiation, nod-like receptor signal pathway, and so forth. It also revealed that ABCC4 might play a role in HCC by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cytidine analog pathway, met pathway, and so forth. ABCC5 might be associated with the fatty acid metabolism and KRT19 in HCC. ABCC6 might impact the cell cycle in HCC by regulating E2F1 and myc. The relationship between ABCC genes and immune infiltration was explored, and ABCC1,4,5 were found to be positively associated with infiltration of multiple immune cells, while ABCC6 was found to be the opposite. In conclusion, ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 might be prognostic biomarkers in HCC. The prognostic models constructed with ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 had satisfactory efficacy.
Sequencing Reveals Population Structure and Selection Signatures for Reproductive Traits in Yunnan Semi-Fine Wool Sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Guo Yi , Liang Jiachong , Lv Chunrong , Wang Yi , Wu Guoquan , Ding Xiangdong , Quan Guobo
Published: March 2022

Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep are among the most important cultivated sheep breeds in China. However, their population structure, genetic characteristics and traits of interest are poorly studied. In this study, we systematically studied the population characteristics and selection signatures of 40 Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep using SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing data. A total of 1393 Gb of clean data were acquired. The mapping rate against the reference genome was 91.23% on average (86.01%–92.26%), and the average sequence depth was 9.51X. After filtering, 28,593,198 SNPs and 4,725,259 indels with high quality were obtained. The heterozygosity rate, inbreeding coefficient and effective population size of the sheep were calculated to preliminarily explore their genetic characteristics. The average heterozygosity rate was 0.264, the average inbreeding coefficient was 0.0099, and the effective population size estimated from the heterozygote excess (HE) was 242.9. Based on the Tajima’s D and integrated haplotype score (iHS) approaches, 562 windows and 11,356 core SNPs showed selection signatures in the Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep population. After genome annotation and gene enrichment analysis, we found traces of early domestication in sensory organs, behavioural activity and the nervous system as well as adaptive changes in reproductive and wool traits under selection in this population. Some selected genes related to litter size, including FSHR, BMPR1B and OXT, were identified as being under selection. Specific missense mutations of the FSHR gene that differed from the reference genome were also identified in the population, and we found some SNP variations that may affect litter size. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and utilization of Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep. Furthermore, our results reveal some changes common to sheep after domestication and provide a new opportunity to investigate the genetic variation influencing fecundity within a population evolving under artificial selection.
The Impact of ACEs on BMI: An Investigation of the Genotype-Environment Effects of BMI
Authors: Schlauch Karen A. , Read Robert W. , Neveux Iva , Lipp Bruce , Slonim Anthony , Grzymski Joseph J.
Published: March 2022

Adverse Childhood Experiences are stressful and traumatic events occurring before the age of eighteen shown to cause mental and physical health problems, including increased risk of obesity. Obesity remains an ongoing national challenge with no predicted solution. We examine a subset of the Healthy Nevada Project, focusing on a multi-ethnic cohort of 15,886 sequenced participants with recalled adverse childhood events, to study how ACEs and their genotype-environment interactions affect BMI. Specifically, the Healthy Nevada Project participants sequenced by the Helix Exome+ platform were cross-referenced to their electronic medical records and social health determinants questionnaire to identify: 1) the effect of ACEs on BMI in the absence of genetics; 2) the effect of genotype-environment interactions on BMI; 3) how these gene-environment interactions differ from standard genetic associations of BMI. The study found very strong significant associations between the number of adverse childhood experiences and adult obesity. Additionally, we identified fifty-five common and rare variants that exhibited gene-interaction effects including three variants in the CAMK1D gene and four variants in LHPP; both genes are linked to schizophrenia. Surprisingly, none of the variants identified with interactive effects were in canonical obesity-related genes. Here we show the delicate balance between genes and environment, and how the two strongly influence each other.
Targeted Exome Sequencing of Genes Involved in Rare CNVs in Early-Onset Severe Obesity
Authors: Loid Petra , Pekkinen Minna , Mustila Taina , Tossavainen Päivi , Viljakainen Heli , Lindstrand Anna , Mäkitie Outi
Published: March 2022

Context: Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the development of severe obesity. However, the potential disease-causing contribution of individual genes within the region of CNVs is often not known.

Objective: Screening of rare variants in genes involved in CNVs in Finnish patients with severe early-onset obesity to find candidate genes linked to severe obesity.

Methods: Custom-made targeted exome sequencing panel to search for rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) variants in genes affected by previously identified CNVs in 92 subjects (median age 14 years) with early-onset severe obesity (median body mass index (BMI) Z-score + 4.0).

Results: We identified thirteen rare heterozygous variants of unknown significance in eleven subjects in twelve of the CNV genes. Two rare missense variants (p.Pro405Arg and p.Tyr232Cys) were found in SORCS1, a gene highly expressed in the brain and previously linked to diabetes risk. Four rare variants were in genes in the proximal 16p11.2 region (a frameshift variant in TAOK2 and missense variants in SEZ6L2, ALDOA and KIF22) and three rare missense variants were in genes in the 22q11.21 region (AIFM3, ARVCF and KLHL22).

Conclusion: We report several rare variants in CNV genes in subjects with childhood obesity. However, the role of the individual genes in the previously identified rare CNVs to development of obesity remains uncertain. More studies are needed to understand the potential role of the specific genes within obesity associated CNVs.
Altered Expression of Brain-specific Autism-Associated miRNAs in the Han Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Lu Tianlan , Li Xianjing , Jiang Miaomiao , Jia Meixiang , Liu Jing , Zhang Dai , Li Jun , Wang Lifang
Published: March 2022

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. However, its etiology is still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators. They play an important role in neurodevelopment and brain functions and may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism. Previous studies indicated altered expression of miRNAs in patients with autism. However, the findings were not consistent, and further explorations were needed. This study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs were dysregulated in autism. We examined the expression of 30 brain-specific autism-associated miRNAs in 110 patients with autism and 113 controls in the Han Chinese population using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that 10 miRNAs (hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-151a-3p, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-432-5p, hsa-miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-328-3p, hsa-miR-106a-5p, and hsa-miR-484) were significantly differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05). All of them were up-regulated in patients with autism compared with controls. The targets of these miRNAs were enriched for genes and pathways related to neurodevelopment, brain functions and autism. These findings suggested the participation of these 10 miRNAs in the pathogenesis of autism in the Han Chinese population.