bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the Functional Status and Cytokine Profile of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure in Combination with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Tokmachev Roman , Kravchenko Andrey , Budnevsky Andrey , Ovsyannikov Evgeniy , Tokmachev Evgeniy , Chernik Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of COPD on the functional status and cytokine profile of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with different ejection fraction (EF). Methods and Results: The study involved 240 patients diagnosed with CHF (mean age of 72.4±8.7 years). Among them, 80 patients were diagnosed with CHF and COPD. Depending on the presence of COPD, the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 160 patients with CHF without COPD; Group 2 included CHF 80 patients with COPD. According to the value of LVEF, each of the two groups was divided into two more subgroups: In Group 1, CHFpEF (EF≥50%) was recorded in 69 patients (Subgroup 1) and CHFrFV (EF<50%) in 91 patients (Subgroup 2). In Group 2, CHFpEF was observed in 36 patients (Subgroup 3) and CHFrEF in 44 patients (Subgroup 4). The 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was measured in meters and compared with the proper 6MWD(i). All patients included in the study underwent the Borg test to assess dyspnea after 6MWT. The serum levels of NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined using an automatic analyzer IMMULITE 2000 (Siemens Diagnostics, USA) and quantitative ELISA kits. The patients with CHFpEF had higher levels of hs-CRP, pro-inflammatory cytokines than patients with CHFrEF. The combination of COPD and CHF amplifies systemic inflammation (hs-CRP, proinflammatory cytokines) and myocardial remodeling processes (NT-proBNP) in comparison with the isolated course of CHF. COPD negatively affects the functional status of patients with CHF with different EF by lower values of 6MWD, 6MWD/6MWD(i) ratio, and higher results on the Borg dyspnea test.
Adaptive Changes in the Psyche of Homo sapiens during the Period of the Singularity (Part 2)
Authors: Kruglov Alexander , Kruglov Andrey
Published: March 2021

Creativity, the integrative function of the psyche of Homo sapiens (HS), which arose about 50,000 years ago, allowed HS to project the image of the goal (IG), transformed into a “symbol,” into the external environment. The projection constructs of the psyche have become autonomous fragments of the environment in the HS perception, not being its derivatives. Objective reality, perceived by HS, has acquired non-inherent properties: a mental product of the psyche that integrates the virtual and real components of the environment. In other words, the role of HS has evolved over the last 10,000 years, since the beginning of the agrarian revolution: from (1) a dependent subject controlled by external forces in an animated world to (2) “the crown of God's creation” in “theism” and, (3) to the status "Higher power" during the period, in which "God is Dead." Initially, HS exists in an incompletely real environment, with an increasing component of virtuality. With symbolic virtual content, HS supplemented or duplicated the entire surrounding world, creating a two-component habitat (virtual and real). The emergence and development of conceptual thinking (ConceptT) led to a partial "devirtualization" of the environment, the removal of restrictions on scientific knowledge, the rapid growth of technology and social dynamics. The result of technological development was, in the recent past, a temporary resolution of the primary frustration: the establishment of the current equilibrium in the relationships with the regulatory "dissociated symbol"—the virtual "information universe” (IU). The IU, defining as the interference of "media" with the "information body" of the Internet, we consider as a unified information space, integrated with reality and in total constituting the HS habitat. Clip thinking (ClipT), qualitatively different from ConceptT, is a new operating system of the psyche, a moderator of adaptation to a new, virtualized environment. A technological derivative of mental activity HS—the IU—without the participation of conscious forms of mental activity, transforms the algorithms of thinking, i.e. formats the psyche as a whole with adaptation to qualitative and quantitative changes in the virtual component of the environment, and to the perspectives on the development of technologies during the singularity.
Preclinical Evaluation and Pilot Clinical Study of 18F-AlF-labeled FAPI-Tracers for PET Imaging of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Hu Kongzhen , Li Junqi , Wang Lijuan , Huang Yong , Li Li , Ye Shimin , Han Yanjiang , Huang Shun , Wu Hubing , Su Jin , Tang Ganghua
Published: March 2021

Background The recent development of many different types of radiotracers that target the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been promising for tumor diagnosis. Here, we set out to develop 18F-labeled FAP tracers for cancer-associated fibroblast imaging and evaluated the potential of these tracers for clinical application. Methods The non-radioactive reference compounds and labeling precursors were synthesized using organic chemistry and the binding affinities were identified using surface plasmon resonance. Both radioligands (18F-P-FAPI and 18F-FAPI-42) were produced in an automated manner via complexation of Al18F. For in vitro characterization of 18F-P-FAPI and 18F-FAPI-42, we conducted studies to determine the partition coefficients, stability, cellular uptake, internalization, and efflux. In vivo biodistribution studies and microPET imaging of 18F-P-FAPI and 18F-FAPI-42, in comparison to 68Ga-FAPI-04, were conducted on the A549-FAP tumor bearing mice. Finally, one nasopharyngeal cancer patient underwent whole-body PET/CT after being injected with 18F-P-FAPI. Results Both 18F-P-FAPI and 18F-FAPI-42 were successful prepared with high specificity, rapid internalization, and potent affinity binding toward FAP. Compared to 18F-FAPI-42, 18F-P-FAPI exhibited lower levels of cellular efflux in the A549-FAP cells and higher stability in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo studies of 18F-P-FAPI in the A549-FAP tumor model indicated a higher tumor uptake than 18F-FAPI-42 and 68Ga-FAPI-04. An initial diagnostic application in patient with nasopharyngeal cancer, 18F-P-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT showed comparable results for both primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Conclusion The radiofluorinated FAP-ligands demonstrated promising characteristics in their preclinical evaluation, and the feasibility of cancer-associated fibroblasts imaging was demonstrated using PET studies.
Preliminary Report of De Novo Adipogenesis Using Novel Bioabsorbable Implants and Image Evaluation Using A Porcine Model
Authors: Ogino Shuichi , Yamada Atsushi , Kambe Yusuke , Nakano Takashi , Lee Sunghee , Sakamoto Michiharu , Kato Yuki , Okumura Saki , Okano Junko , Yamauchi Koji , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Morimoto Naoki
Published: March 2021

Our bioabsorbable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) mesh implants containing collagen sponge is replaced with adipose tissue after implantation and is an innovative method for breast reconstruction. We investigated the formation of adipose tissue in a porcine model and evaluated the process via multimodal images in this preliminary study using an implant aggregate to generate the larger adipose tissue. The implant aggregate consists of PLLA mesh implants containing collagen sponge and a poly-glycolic acid woven bag covering them. We inserted the implant aggregates under the porcine mammary glands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (USG), and 3D surface imaging, and histological evaluations were performed to evaluate the formation of adipose tissue over time. The volume of the implant aggregate and the formed adipose tissue inside the implant aggregate could be evaluated over time via MRI. The space within the implant aggregate was not confirmed on USG due to the acoustic shadow of the PLLA threads. The change in volume was not confirmed precisely using 3D surface imaging. Histologically, the newly-formed adipose tissue was confirmed on the skin side. This implant aggregate has the ability to regenerate adipose tissue, and MRI is an appropriate method for the evaluation of the formation of adipose tissue.
Application of the Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method for Estimation of the Effective Orifice Area in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Nakabachi Masahiro , Iwano Hiroyuki , Murayama Michito , Nishino Hisao , Yokoyama Shinobu , Tsujinaga Shingo , Chiba Yasuyuki , Ishizaka Suguru , Motoi Ko , Okada Kazunori , Kaga Sanae , Nishida Mutsumi , Teshima Takanori , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Because existence of high flow velocity at the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) potentially causes an overestimation of effective orifice area (EOA) by continuity equation in aortic stenosis (AS), we tested the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method as an alternative tool for AS.Methods: EOA was calculated using the continuity equation (EOACont) and PISA method (EOAPISA), respectively, in 114 patients with at least moderate AS. The geometric orifice area (GOA) was also measured in 51 patients who also underwent three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Patients were divided into two groups according to the median LVOT flow velocity.Results: Feasibility of EOAPISA was 95% in the 114 patients. While there was a strong correlation between EOACont and EOAPISA, EOACont was greater than EOAPISA especially in patients with high LVOT velocity. In TOE cohort, both EOACont and EOAPISA similarly correlated with GOA. However, a fixed bias, which is supposed to exist in AS, was observed only between EOAPISA and GOA with smaller EOAPISA than GOA. The difference between EOACont and GOA was significantly greater with a larger EOACont relative to GOA in patients with high LVOT velocity than in those without (0.16±0.25 vs -0.07±0.10 cm2, P<0.001). In contrast, the difference between EOAPISA and GOA was consistent in both groups (-0.07±0.12 vs -0.07±0.15 cm2, P = 0.936). Conclusion: The PISA method was applied to estimate EOA of AS. EOAPISA could be an alternative parameter for AS severity grading in patients with high LVOT velocity in whom EOACont would overestimate the orifice area.
NEWS2 score in the practice of infectious diseases hospital in COVID-19 patients. Implementation and results
Authors: Popova К. N. , Zhukov A. A. , Zykina I. L. , Troschanskiy D. V. , Tyurin I. N. , Protsenko D. N.
Published: March 2021

Amidst the new COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for a reliable medical tool to monitor patients’ vital conditions with clinical information continuity. This tool is essential for timely detection of the risk of the patient’s clinical state deterioration throughout all the stages of medical assistance. 

The objective is to assess results of the NEWS2 score implementation at the in-patient stage of medical care.

Methods. 183,732 scores of the NEWS2 score in 10,290 hospitalized patients were analyzed.  All the assessed results of the NEWS2 score were retrospectively analyzed. The NEWS2 score results were added to the United Medical Information and Analytical System of Moscow (EMIAS) database through the NEWS2 mobile application. The researchers analyzed the descriptive statistics of the score; the prognostic significance of NEWS2 in the prediction of the disease outcome was assessed as well as the accuracy of the used methods. 

Results. As the result of the research, deviations from standard methods in the application of the NEWS2 score were outlined, which allowed the researchers to develop the corrective measures.  The received data confirmed that interval assessment by the NEWS2 score and the trend analysis were important when making clinical and organizational decisions. Specific parameters of the score use during the COVID-19 pandemic were outlined, which helped to adjust the in-hospital procedures for clinical decision-making process, routing, and the continuity of all stages of medical assistance was established. 

Conclusion. The use of the NEWS2 score in medical practice makes it possible to predict the risks of clinical deterioration in the patient's condition, conduct bedside monitoring of therapy effectiveness, and optimize in-hospital routing. However, to ensure the validity of the score, it is necessary to plan activities for the personnel training and motivation, as well as to monitor careful adherence to the protocol.
Por un diálogo con la fotografía digital ambiental desde la educación primaria
Authors: Amar Victor
Published: March 2021

La fotografía digital es un recurso que se utiliza poco en la educación primaria. La educación ambiental es un contenido que se aborda de modo puntual en el currículo. De modo que proponemos el diálogo como herramienta pedagógica, además de la escucha activa, así como vincularlo a la cultura slow, con la intención de que el alumnado y el profesorado se tome su tiempo para mirar o admirar, para realizar o compartir una fotografía. Y nuestra propuesta didáctica pasa por llevarse a cabo con el teléfono móvil y se continúe con ponerle voz a la fotografía y describirla. Pero sin olvidarnos de que una fotografía digital ambiental dice mucho de quien la hace, de su sensibilidad, de su propuesta y su motivación. Innovar se puede interpretar en el aula como una antesala para motivar. Y la fotografía digital ambiental en educación primaria ha de dar grandes lecciones magistrales al respecto.
INFLUÊNCIAS DO CONTROLE ESTRUTURAL NA FORMAÇÃO DE ILHAS E PLANÍCIES DE INUNDAÇÃO NA REPRESA DA USINA HIDRELÉTRICA DO ESTREITO NO RIO TOCANTINS, FILADÉLFIA (TO)
Authors: Machado Carlos Augusto , Santos Daniel Araújo Ramos dos
Published: March 2021

As usinas hidrelétricas são o modelo dominante na produção de energia elétrica no Brasil, resultante de decisões políticas e em detrimento de outras matrizes energéticas mais eficazes e de menor custo. Neste estudo foram analisados os fatores e processos da formação de novas ilhas, planícies de inundações e a influência das linhas de falhas atuantes na área da represa Usina Estreito situada no rio Tocantins, município de Filadélfia. A metodologia consistiu na revisão de trabalhos técnicos de hidrogeomorfologia, análise temporal das imagens de satélite e trabalhos de campo. A avaliação das informações permite inferir que o rio ainda ocupa o antigo canal com maior fluxo de água. As antigas formações fluviais reestruturaram-se com a nova dinâmica hidrogeomorfológica com a estabilização de novas planícies de inundação, reativação de paleocanais, ilhas e barras de sedimentação residual e espaços alagados.
Using Narrative Evidence to Convey Health Information on Social Media: The Case of COVID-19
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat
Published: March 2021

During disease outbreaks or pandemics, policy makers must convey information to the public for informative purposes (eg, morbidity or mortality rates). They must also motivate members of the public to cooperate with the guidelines, specifically by changing their usual behavior. Policy makers have traditionally adopted a didactic and formalistic stance by conveying dry, statistics-based health information to the public. They have not yet considered the alternative of providing health information in the form of narrative evidence, using stories that address both cognitive and emotional aspects. The aim of this viewpoint paper is to introduce policy makers to the advantages of using narrative evidence to provide health information during a disease outbreak or pandemic such as COVID-19. Throughout human history, authorities have tended to employ apocalyptic narratives during disease outbreaks or pandemics. This viewpoint paper proposes an alternative coping narrative that includes the following components: segmentation; barrier reduction; role models; empathy and support; strengthening self-efficacy, community efficacy, and coping tools; preventing stigmatization of at-risk populations; and communicating uncertainty. It also discusses five conditions for using narrative evidence to produce an effective communication campaign on social media: (1) identifying narratives that reveal the needs, personal experiences, and questions of different subgroups to tailor messaging to produce targeted behavioral change; (2) providing separate and distinct treatment of each information unit or theory that arises on social networks; (3) identifying positive deviants who found creative solutions for stress during the COVID-19 crisis not found by other members of the community; (4) creating different stories of coping; and (5) maintaining a dialogue with population subgroups (eg, skeptical and hesitant groups). The paper concludes by proposing criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of a narrative.
Investigating the Incidence, Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Statin-Induced Adverse Effects
Authors: Hasani Ruzana Al- , Matrafi Esraa Al- , Harbi Renad Al- , Hazmi Raneem Al , Hazmi Sara Al- , Sagga Jumana , , Elashmony Sahar , Fairaq Arwa , Hindi Yosra Al-
Published: March 2021

Statin therapy reduces mortality associated with cardiovascular disease by preventing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Despite the proven benefits of statins in this context, there is growing concern among patients and physicians regarding the safety of their short- and long-term use and adverse side effects, particularly muscle toxicity. As a result, nonadherence and withdrawal from treatment occur. This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of statin use in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adults and the elderly by examining the incidence, diagnosis, prevention, and management of statin-induced adverse effects. A cross-sectional study of 350 patients using statins was conducted at King Abdulaziz and Hera’a General Hospital in Makkah. Data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed using SPSS software. The mean age of the sample population was 62±12 years old. Nearly 60% of patients had comorbidities, such as diabetes. However, statin treatment significantly decreased the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein levels were increased significantly, especially in patients with diabetes, indicating lower cardiovascular risk. The 2019 data showed that a high prevalence of patients used statin therapy. However, more than half of these patients achieved the low density lipoprotein treatment target. These results emphasize effective monitoring by physicians and patient adherence to the medications.
Sleep Disorders, Sleeping Pills and Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alrimi Sara Khalid , Aljeffry Raghad Abdulrahman , Isa Raghad Ishag , Bokhari Rawah Mohammad , Elashmony Sahar , Fairaq Arwa , Hindi Yosra Al-
Published: March 2021

Hypertension and insomnia or sleep loss is very common and often co-exists together. There are evidences suggesting that the increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension in the past decade might be related both to an increased prevalence of insomnia and to the decline of sleep duration due to modern lifestyle. However, there is a lack of studies in detailed investigation of the effect of sleeping pills on blood pressure. The aim of this study was to reconsider both the clinical evidence of the relationship between conditions of sleep loss, sleeping pills, and hypertension and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the biological plausibility of their relationship. Through a systematic search from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed, we selected 20 articles, which reported sleep disorders, or studied sleep duration or insomnia and sleeping pills and their relationship with blood pressure or hypertension in participants over 18 years. Sleep loss or sleep disorders due to persistent insomnia or sleep apnea seems to be associated with an increased risk for hypertension, even after controlling for other hypertensive risk factors. For sleeping pills, it is still a controversy whether they increase or decrease blood pressure in patients with sleeping disorders. Chronic sleep loss or alterations of sleep quality can act as a physiological stressor or that impairs brain functions and contributes to hypertension. However, further studies need to measure the relationship between sleeping pills and blood pressure.
Organic Agri-Practices and Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Off- Seasoned Cultivated Madhulika: A Wonder Herb
Authors: Singh Lalit Raj , Singh Karan
Published: March 2021

The faulty and mechanical lifestyle is causing various physical, mental and psychosomatic disorders today. It causes approximately 5.8 million death tolls every year in India. Diseases and disorders such as cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), osteoporosis, anaemia, diabetes, obesity and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are escalating very rapidly. This research paper explores and unveils the organic agri-practices of the Madhulika (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) cultivated in off-season along with pharmacognostic evaluation. WHO-GACP and GHPP practices also followed along with organic cultivation practices. Madhulika; a wonder herb, belonging to the Poaceae family was organically cultivated in our herbal field laboratory (no. 4) by our indigenous seeds sown line to line in experimental blocks. The field experimental work was conducted from the first week of October, 2018 to the last week of January, 2019 in the Department of Medicinal Plants Sciences at Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar (U.K), India. The crop duration was increased during off season cultivation but the yield of the crop remained unaffected. The crop showed a high germination percentage (92%) in off season. The results of different physical evaluation parameters are given as total Ash (4.267 % w/w), Acid-insoluble Ash (0.433 % w/w), Water-soluble Ash (1.666 % w/w), Alcohol soluble extractive (12 .8 % w/w) and Water soluble extractive (4 % w/w). On the basis of the findings of the result, it is concluded that the crop was organically cultivated without change in quality and yield even in the off season. The processed products from these organic produce may prove as an elixir in curing lifestyle related health problems. Further, it was found that secondary metabolites are highly biosynthesized during organic agri-practices and resulting in least accumulation of adverse effect precipitating agents.
Effect of Curing Time on Bond Failurerct Based on Two Light Cure Units used in Bonding Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Nivethigaa B. , .S Aravind Kumar
Published: March 2021

In routine orthodontic practice, we usually aim at having a reduced chair side time while bonding as well as an appropriate bond strength for the brackets till the treatment completion. This is dependent on several factors which affect the quality of bond obtained between the bracket and the tooth structure. One such is the depth of cure by using different curing lamps. This study aimed at comparing the rate of bracket bond failure of brackets when bonded using light cure units with different curing time (3S and 20S). This was a randomized control trial performed as a split mouth study among patients who came for orthodontic correction of malocclusion. Among them, 24 patients were selected and split mouth study was performed. For this dental arch of each patient was split among two groups (Group A and Group B). MBT Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded in both the dental arches. Group A was cured with 3 second light cure unit in I and III quadrant and 20 second light cure unit in I and III quadrant and vice versa for group B. The number of bond failures at the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks were assessed. Bond failures among both the groups were summarized. Independent t test was used to assess the statistical difference between the groups. Overall it was evident that the bond failure was greater clinically in the group cured with 20 second curing light especially in the mandibular arch and the posterior teeth
Current Review on Polymeric Hydrogel Based
Authors: Kiruba J. Subin , Arjun Uppuluri Varuna Naga Venkata , T.S. Shanmugarajan
Published: March 2021

Skin tissue defects have become one of the major sources of mortality and morbidity among all age group people worldwide. Skin tissue engineering has enticed considerable heedfulness from researchers as an optimistic approach for repairing partial/ full thickness burn tissue. Skin is a highly vascularized, bio mineralized composite material composed of fibroblasts and collagen surrounded by specialized extracellular matrix with high mechanical strength and structural complexity. Although the auto grafts and allografts were regarded as the high attainment for wound repair, the approach was limited due to their inability revascularize and mimicking the damaged tissue. Further, the Polymeric hydrogels are very attractive skin tissue engineering scaffolds. The structural similarity of the polymeric hydrogels to the skin extracellular matrix provides additional benefits for non-invasive tissue repair. Owing to their poor healing ability, tissue regeneration was found to be challenging in skin tissue defects. However due to its excellent moisture retaining capabilities, biocompatibility and biodegradability several researchers shown considerable interest in potential applications of the hydrogels for skin tissue repair.Furthermore, recent progress involves the development of hydrogels with ideal mechanical and fast stimulus responsive characteristics. Moreover, hydrogels with structural similarity to the skin extracellular matrix up regulate the cell material interactions for quicker skin tissue repair and more regulated stimulus response changes in the microenvironment. This current review focused on the applications of both the synthetic and natural polymers involved in the formulation of the hydrogels for the skin tissue regeneration. Furthermore, understanding the polymers simultaneously reducing the complexity of building hydrogels should be the aim of the future research in the skin tissue regenerative medicine field.
Putative Role of Chloroquine In Amelioration of DSS Induced
Authors: Das Avik , Chandra Srikanta , Mukherjee Lucky , Roy Tathagata , Bose Preeta
Published: March 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic ulceroinflammatory condition primarily confined with in colonic mucosa with variable distortion of the colonic architecture. It is associated with microbial overgrowth such as E.coli , S. typhi .However Chloroquine acts on these microbes . In our present study the anticolitic effects of Chloroquine in treatment with the DSS induced model for UC in mice were examined. Male mice of age 7 weeks are chosen .They are assigned into different groups .Negative control groups treated with normal saline solution ,positive control group treated with DSS5%, standard group treated with Balsalazide 4mg/kg & DSS 5% , Test(1) group treated with Chloroquine 6mg/kg, Test(2) group treated with Chloroquine 8mg/kg, Test(3) group treated with Chloroquine 10 mg/kg then we performed different parameters such as DAI, Oxidative damage assessment, MPO Assessment and Histopathological evaluation. The results have showed that Chloroquine has significant activity against DSS(5%) induced colitis when compared to the experimental control, with near normalization of colon architecture. Tissue oxidative stress was reduced with significant improvement in tissue levels of MDA, GSH, SOD and CAT .Furthermore,significant improvement in levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was observed. It is concluded that Chloroquine(10mg/kg) has got potent activity against DSS(5%) induced ulcerative colitis(UC) due to its anti inflammatory antioxidant properties.
Simultaneous Determination of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Bhadrua Banothu , Rao V.Venkata , Vidyadhara Suryadevara
Published: March 2021

A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quanti? cation of the Dolutegravir and Lamivudine in plasma samples. The analytical procedure involves a liquid–liquid extraction method using Emtricitabine as an internal standard (IS). The precision and accuracy data have to fulfill the requirements for quantification of the analytes in biological matrices to generate data for bioequivalence and bioavailability investigations. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypurity Advance (4.6, 50 mm, 5μ) column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid buffer–acetonitrile (20:80, %v/v) at ? ow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The API- 4000 LC-MS/MS was operated in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. The total run time of analysis was 3 min and elution of Dolutegravir, Lamivudine and Emtricitabine (IS) occurred at 1.06, 1.84 and 0.92 min, respectively. A detailed validation of the method was performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The standard curves found to be linear in the range of 0.10–30.0 ng/mL for Dolutegravir and 20.2–6026 ng/mL for Lamivudine, with a coef? cient of correlation of =0.99 for both the compounds. Dolutegravir and Lamivudine were found to be stable in a plasma stability studies, viz. bench-top, autosampler, re-injection, wet-extract and repeated freeze– thaw cycles. The coefficient of variation was =15% for intra- and inter-batch assays. The assay is suitable for pharmacokinetic study samples as demonstrated by its specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability characteristics.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ORIENTED PROJECT BASED LEARNING MODEL (THROUGH HYDROPONIC PLANTS) AS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP ECOLOGICAL LITERACY FOR PGSD STUDENTS
Authors: Ramadhan Gilang Mas
Published: March 2021

The phenomenon of environmental pollution and disproportionate use of the environment is a problem that continues to be discussed to find a solution. This is considered important because the environment is one of the accesses to achieve a prosperous life in the future. The natural environment is not just a place for humans to live, but a place where there is a synergistic contact of life between humans and nature, both of which influence each other. which is expected to have a positive impact and can produce actualized productivity in environmentally literate human behavior. This study itself aims to determine environmental care programs through hydroponic plants that are integrated with social studies learning using a project-based learning model to develop ecological intelligence of STKIP Bina Mutiara Sukabumi students. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest one group test design method. The number of research subjects was 20 students of PGSD STKIP Bina Mutiara Sukabumi. The instruments used were a questionnaire for the statement of ecological intelligence indicators and an ecological intelligence questionnaire with the stages of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. The research data from questionnaire 1 shows the average score at pretest 50 and 73 at posttest and on the Ecological Intelligence instrument with its PjBL Stages obtained an average score of 37.75 at pretest and 52.2 at posttest, with each significance value 0.000 <0.05 then Ho is rejected, or there is an influence of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model through hydroponic plants which is integrated with the implementation of social studies learning courses in elementary schools on the ecological intelligence of PGSD STKIP Bina Mutiara Sukabumi students.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Mullet Fish (Mugil cephalus) Caught at the Waters of Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park, Bali
Authors: Putra Dewangga Ari Kusuma , Restu I Wayan , Kartika I wayan Darya
Published: March 2021

Grey Mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) is one of the economically valuable fish in the waters of the Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the length and weight of the condition of Belanak fish caught in the waters of the Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the growth conditions of Belanak in the waters of Ngurah Rai Tahura, Bali will create a plan for sustainable management of Belanak Fish resources. Sampling was conducted in March 2019 to May 2019. Data analysis used was the relationship between length and weight and condition factors. Data processing is done by using the Microsoft Excel program. The results obtained showed that the mullet fish has a negative allometric growth pattern (long growth is faster than weight growth) equation W = 0.011 L2.195 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75 (75% growth in weight is influenced by growth long). Belanak fish caught in Ngurah Rai Tahura waters have a condition factor value (K value) ranging from 0.941 to 1.514 which indicates that Belanak is in good condition and is in its infancy.
Analisis Filogeni Virus Newcastle Disease Isolat Bali Tahun 2013 Sampai 2014 Berdasarkan Sekuen Daerah Pemotongan Protein Fusion
Authors: Rell Fedri , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Kade
Published: March 2021

Newcastle disease (ND) merupakan penyakit kontagius yang disebabkan virus Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 yang menginfeksi bangsa unggas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pohon filogeni berdasarkan sekuan gen daerah pemotonan protein fusion dari virus ND pada peternakan ayam di provinsi Bali dari tahun 2013 sampai 2014. Sebanyak empat isolat virus dari kasus ayam sakit/mati yang dicurigai terinfeksi oleh virus Newcastle disease. Sekuen potongan gen F disejajarkan dan dianalisis dengan program MEGA5. Analisis sekuen asam amino daerah pemotongan protein F keempat isolat memiliki sekuen 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis pohom filogeni yang menunjukan bahwa keempat isolat merupakan virus Newcastle disease yang virulen. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keempat isolat lapang Bali tahun 2013 sampai 2014 masuk ke dalam kelompok virus Newcastle disease genotipe VII.
Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility pada Hotel Puri Santrian Sanur Bali
Authors: Nadiawati Ni Made Yuni Sri , Budiasih I G. A. N.
Published: March 2021

The implementation of CSR is considered to benefit the hospitality industry, which will impact on increasing visitor loyalty. One of the CSR awards in Bali is Tri Hita Karana (THK Award). Puri Santrian, one of the participating hotels, is a participant in the Tri Hita Karana Award. The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of CSR in Puri Santrian Hotel. This method of research uses qualitative methods. The location of this research is Hotel Puri Santrian. The informant chosen is HRD staff, Engineering staff, Accounting staff. The interview shows the Santrian Palace has implemented CSR based on the well-established philosophy of Tri Hita Karana. However, in the part of the given assistance can be more varied.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Tri Hita Karana, Implementation Of CSR Practices.
Diskriminasi Perempuan dalam Pupulan Cerpen Tatu Anak Luh Pendekatan Feminisme
Authors: Widiantara I Wayan , Suteja I Wayan , Puspawati Luh Putu
Published: March 2021

This study is entitled "Discrimination of Women in Pupulan Tatu Anak Luh Short Stories Feminsime Approach" by discussing three short stories namely Tatu Anak Luh short stories, Mejalan Tanpa Batis and Mepasung Ulian Warisan with the feminsime approach. Research on Pupil Tatu Anak Luh Short Story discusses the analysis of the structure and discrimination of women in the form of violence. This analysis aims to reveal the structure and violence contained in the short story of Tatu Anak Luh.

This research uses structural theory and feminism theory. The methods and techniques used in this study were divided into three stages, namely: (1) methods and data collection techniques using the listening method assisted with translation and note-taking techniques. (2) data analysis methods and techniques using qualitative methods and analytic descriptive techniques. (3) methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis using informal methods assisted with deductive-inductive techniques. The results obtained from this study, namely the narrative structure consisting of incidents, plot, character and characterization, setting, theme, and mandate. In addition, this study also revealed female discrimination, in the form of verbal violence, physical violence and mental or psychological violence.
Data Management for Platform-Mediated Public Services: Challenges and Best Practices
Authors: Rychwalska Agnieszka , Goodell Geoffrey , Roszczynska-Kurasinska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

Data harvesting and profiling have become a de facto business model for many businesses in the digital economy. The surveillance of individual persons through their use of private sector platforms has a well-understood effect on personal autonomy and democratic institutions. In this article, we explore the consequences of implementing data-rich services in the public sector and, specifically, the dangers inherent to undermining the universality of the reach of public services, the implicit endorsement of the platform operators by the government, and the inability of members of the public to avoid using the platforms in practice. We propose a set of good practices in the form of design principles that infrastructure services can adopt to mitigate the risks, and we specify a set of design primitives that can be used to support the development of infrastructure that follows the principles. We argue that providers of public infrastructure should adopt a practice of critical assessment of the consequences of their technology choices.
Aadhaar in a Box? Legitimizing Digital Identity in Times of Crisis
Authors: Martin Aaron
Published: March 2021

The political drive to develop digital identity systems, in particular in the Global South with financial and technical support provided by international development actors, is accelerating during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are different reasons for this redoubling of attention to digitizing identities. These include an increased emphasis on digital social protection during the pandemic and the emergence of proposals for digital vaccination/immunity certificates to facilitate the reopening of societies and restoration of economies, which it is argued would need to be supported by robust digital identity infrastructures. Without evaluating the merits of claims about the capacity of digital identity systems to address the various challenges posed by COVID-19, in this paper I instead make a theoretical observation before raising a policy concern. First, I draw attention to the rise of India’s Aadhaar as an exemplar of developmental digital identity, which has intensified during the pandemic, and what this might mean for concepts of surveillance. I then conclude with a call to the development community to take more seriously investments in data protection regulatory capacity in countries where they are supporting digital identity projects.
Eccrine Poromatosis Following Lymphoma Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alkul Suzanne , Graubard Rachel , Wasko Carina
Published: March 2021

Eccrine poromas are benign tumors that arise from the eccrine sweat ducts, commonly presenting as solitary lesions. Eccrine poromatosis, the sudden eruption of multiple eccrine poromas, is a rare phenomenon that generally occurs in immunosuppressed patients at any time after receiving treatment for malignancy.  We report a case of eccrine poromatosis in a 79-year-old male patient with a previous history of recurrent T-cell lymphoma. Over the course of his disease, he was treated with polychemotherapy, radiation, and a definitive bone marrow transplant. The patient presented to the dermatology clinic 18 years after his initial diagnosis with a new onset of pruritic papules on the neck and chest. Histologic evaluation revealed all lesions to be eccrine poromas. This is the longest reported time interval between initial diagnosis of a primary malignancy and development of eccrine poromatosis. There is no evidence at this time to suggest that appearance of such lesions is indicative of cancer recurrence; therefore, there is no indication for further oncologic evaluation.
Nonlinear and linear entanglement witnesses for bipartite systems via exact convex optimization
Authors: Jafarizadeh M. , Heshmati A. , Aghayar K.
Published: March 2021

Linear and nonlinear entanglement witnesses for a given bipartite quantum systems are constructed. Using single particle feasible region, a way of constructing effective entanglement witnesses for bipartite systems is provided by exact convex optimization. Examples for some well known two qutrit quantum systems show these entanglement witnesses in most cases, provide necessary and sufficient conditions for separability of given bipartite system. Also this method is applied to a class of bipartite qudit quantum systems with details for d=3, 4 and 5.
Limitations of passive protection of quantum information
Authors: Pastawski F. , Kay A. , Schuch N. , Cirac I.
Published: March 2021

The ability to protect quantum information from the effect of noise is one of the major goals of quantum information processing. In this article, we study limitations on the asymptotic stability of quantum information stored in passive $N$-qubit systems. We consider the effect of small imperfections in the implementation of the protecting Hamiltonian in the form of perturbations or weak coupling to a ground state environment. We thus depart from the usual Markovian approximation for a thermal bath by conce ntrating on models for which part of the evolution can be calculated exactly. We prove that, regardless of the protecting Hamiltonian, there exists a perturbed evolution that necessitates a final error correcting step for the state of the memory to be read. Such an error correction step is shown to require a finite error threshold, the lack thereof being exemplified by the 3D XZ-compass model \cite{bacon-2006}. We go on to present explicit weak Hamiltonian perturbations which destroy the logical information stored in the 2D toric code in a time $O(\log(N))$.
Hardy's non-locality and generalized non-local theory
Authors: Choudhary Sujit K. , Ghosh Sibasish , Kar Guruprasad , Kunkri Samir , Rahaman Ramij , Roy Anirban
Published: March 2021

Hardy's non-locality theorem for multiple two-level systems is explored in the context of generalized non-local theory. We find non-local but non-signaling probabilities satisfying Hardy's argument for two two-level and three two-level systems. Maximum probability of success of Hardy's argument is obtained for three two-level systems in quantum theory as well as in a more generalized theory. Interestingly, the maximum in the generalized non-local theory for both the two two-level systems and three two-level systems turns out to be the same.
All mutually unbiased bases in dimensions two to five
Authors: Brierley Stephen , Weigert Stefan , Bengtsson Ingemar
Published: March 2021

All complex Hadamard matrices in dimensions two to five are known. We use this fact to derive all inequivalent sets of mutually unbiased (MU) bases in low dimensions. We find a three-parameter family of triples of MU bases in dimension four and two inequivalent classes of MU triples in dimension five. We confirm that the complete sets of (d+1) MU bases are unique (up to equivalence) in dimensions below six, using only elementary arguments for d less than five.
Histopathological spectrum of lower Gastro-intestinal colonoscopic biopsy lesion with special reference to Her-2/neu expression in carcinoma colon
Authors: Debahuti Mohapatra  , Rupanita Biswal  , Mitu Mohanty  , Prateek Das
Published: March 2021

Cancer associated with colon is one of the principal risk factors from decease in women and men. Although importance growing aspect of human epidermis receptor2 (Her2) as a therapeutic target is rising its role as a biomarker in the form of predicting indicator within colorectal Cancer (CRC)is still a mystery. Present research is undertaken for evaluating the Her2/neu description in Cancer of the colon. This research comprises 256patientswith spectrum of histopathological treatment ranging from colitis to colorectal carcinoma at our department between 2015- 2017. Her2/neu Immunohistochemistry was done in the colorectal carcinoma and scores based on Ruschoff et al. Her-2 testing in gastric cancer. Out of a total number of 256 cases enrolled in our study group, the majority belonged to the age group of 40-60 years, with M: F ratio being 1.4:1. The commonest site of the lesion occurred in the rectum (43.75%) followed by ascending colon and caecum (12.08%). Non neoplastic lesions constituted about two third of all cases, the commonest being inflammatory bowel disease(21.48%). In benign neoplastic lesions of tubular adenoma was the commonest type, and in malignant commonest type was colorectal adenocarcinoma NOS(64.44%) followed by mucinous adenocarcinoma (22.22%). Because of more prominent membranous staining observed in high grade colorectal cancers, Her2neu expression is found to be an important predictive marker of carcinoma colon, especially the adenocarcinoma, NOS. Like Breast carcinoma, target oriented therapy can be instituted especially in Her 2/neu positive high grade and metastatic tumors.
Parental Involvement in Young Children’s Learning of Numeracy
Authors: Ghazali Munirah , Mustafa Zainun , Rabiatul-Adawiah Ahmad Rashid , Amzah Fadzilah
Published: March 2021

This study seeks to assess the Malaysian parental involvements in young children's numeracy learning. A questionnaire was administered to 327 parents of kindergarten-going children. The data then analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version-26. The present survey shows that the parents' knowledge, understanding, and attitude towards preschoolers' numeracy are high. Despite the positive findings, the parents' attitudes and experience in mathematics are moderate. The analysis found that parents need a relevant guide to support their children learning at home using effective instructional strategies. This research's data formed an initial insight to support a comprehensive follow-up study in parental involvement in young children’s numeracy learning. Based on these findings, it is pertinent to investigate the underlying factors and constraints behind these results. The study will benefit researchers, parents, children, school, as well as the entire community in general. Conclusion and future recommendation are further discussed.
A note on the value distribution of $\phi f^2 f^{(k)}-1$
Authors: Sahoo P. , Biswas G.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the value distribution of the differential polynomial $\varphi f^2f^{(k)}-1$, where $f(z)$ is a transcendental meromorphic function, $\varphi (z)\;(\not\equiv 0)$ is a small function of $f(z)$ and $k\;(\geq 2)$ is a positive integer. We obtain an inequality concerning the Nevanlinna Characteristic function $T(r,f)$ estimated by reduced counting function only. Our result extends the result due to J.F. Xu and H.X. Yi [J. Math. Inequal., 10 (2016), 971-976].