bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of relapse in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a multi-center study
Authors: Safari Sara , Alesaeidi Samira , Pakzad Bahram , Abbaspour Sina
Published: October 2022

Background

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis. Its severity ranges from indolent disease to fulminant that may cause death. With treatment, remission is seen in more than 80% of cases, although relapse is still common. There have been studies showing that there may be factors to predict relapse in GPA. Based on relapses, the decision to start treatment and/or to monitor the patients more closely is made. Therefore, predicting the relapse of GPA can be effective in controlling the disease. Our aim was to investigate possible factors for relapse in GPA.

We recruited 254 patients diagnosed with GPA who were under treatment at Alzahra hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (from 2013 to 2020) and Amir Alam Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (from 2020 to 2022) to plan a retrospective study. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests were performed to compare categorical variables, while the Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables.

Results

Analysis of our patients (aged 20–80,122 females) showed that 147 patients (57.9%) experienced relapse. Mean age in relapse group was 43.8 ± 16.6 and in no-relapse group was 45.6 ± 15.1 (P > 0.05). Among many potential predictors, we observed in multivariate analysis that positive PR3-ANCA (proteinase 3-antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies) (P = 0.007, OR:2.62,CI:1.29–5.31),nose manifestations (P = 0.004, OR 3.00, CI 1.43–6.26), mucosal membranes involvement (P = 0.009, OR 4.21, CI 1.43–12.38), and gastrointestinal tract (GI) complications (P = 0.03, OR 5.64, CI 1.14–27.90) were significant predictors of GPA relapse.

Conclusion

Among clinical and laboratory features we studied, positive PR3-ANCA, nose manifestations, mucosal membranes involvement, and GI complications were independent predictors of relapse in patients with GPA.
Non-invasive predictors of ICU admission and mortality in initially asymptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Raafat Riham Hazem , Alboraie Mohamed , Elkhadry Sally Waheed , Abdelnasier Mostafa , Hashish Mohamed Ahmed , Almansoury Yahya Ahmed , Yousef Noha , Elshaarawy Omar , Madkour Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with pulmonary and non-pulmonary manifestations, or it may be asymptomatic. Asymptomatic patients have a major impact on transmission of the disease, and prediction of their outcome and prognosis is challenging. We aim to identify the predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with initially asymptomatic presentation.

Methods

This was a prospective multicenter study using cohort data that included all admitted patients aged 21 years and above, with different clinical presentations other (than pulmonary manifestation) and were discovered to have COVID-19. Demographic data, clinical data and progression were reported. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to predict ICU admission and mortality during hospitalization.

Results

One hundred forty-nine consecutive patients, 92 (61.7% males) were included in our study, Median age (IQR) was 59.00 (43–69]. Only 1 patient (0.7%) had a contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19. 58 patients (39%) were admitted to ICU and 22 patients (14.8%) have died. High ferritin level (more than 422.5), low oxygen saturation (less than 93%), and in need of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) have 3.148, 8.159 and 26.456 times likelihood to be admitted to ICU, respectively. Patients with high CO-RADS, low oxygen saturation (less than 92.5%), and in need for mechanical ventilation (MV) have 82.8, 15.9, and 240.77 times likelihood to die, respectively.

Conclusion

Initially asymptomatic hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have a great impact on health system with high ICU admission and mortality rate. We identified the predictors that may help in early management and improving prognosis.

Trial registration

Trial was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number is NCT05298852, 26 March 2022, retrospectively registered.
Comparative theoretical study of x-ray magnetic circularly polarized emission from ferromagnetic Fe, Co, and Ni
Authors: Kobayashi H. , Koide A. , Nomura T. , Inami T.
Published: October 2022

X-ray magnetic circularly polarized emission (XMCPE) is a novel magneto-optical phenomenon in which characteristic x-rays emitted from a magnetized material are circularly polarized. In this letter, we report a comparative theoretical study of XMCPE spectra of the K
α emission from ferromagnetic Fe, Co, and Ni. Calculated XMCPE spectra have characteristic tail structures on the low-energy side of the K
α emission peaks. Comparison of the spectra shows that Fe, Co, and Ni have broad, intermediate, and narrow tail structures, respectively. Since these tail structures originate from electron excitations in the 3d conduction bands, this difference in tail structure width can be explained by the difference in the spin-polarized 3d electron states among the three metals.
Solitary waves explore the quantum-to-classical transition
Authors: Sreedharan A. , Kuriyattil S. , Choudhury S. , Mukherjee R. , Streltsov A. , Wüster S.
Published: October 2022

How the classical appearance of our environment arises from the underlying quantum many-body theory is an open fundamental question. We propose that phenomena involved in the quantum-to-classical transition can be probed in collisions of bright solitary waves in Bose-Einstein condensates, where thousands of atoms form a large compound object at ultra cold temperatures. For the experimentally most relevant quasi-1D regime, where integrability is broken through effective three-body interactions, we find that ensembles of solitary waves exhibit complex interplay between phase coherence and entanglement generation in beyond mean-field simulations using the truncated Wigner method: An initial state of two solitons with a well-defined relative phase looses that phase coherence in the ensemble, with its single-particle two-mode density matrix exhibiting similar dynamics as a decohering two-mode superposition. This apparent decoherence is a prerequisite for the formation of entangled superpositions of different atom numbers in a subsequent soliton collision. The necessity for the solitons to first decohere is explained based on the underlying phase-space of the quintic mean-field equation. We show elsewhere that superpositions of different atom numbers later further evolve into spatially entangled solitons. Loss of ensemble phase coherence followed by system internal entanglement generation appear in an unusual order in this closed system, compared to a typical open quantum system.
Quantum symmetries and conserved charges of the cosmological Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model
Authors: Chauhan B.
Published: October 2022

We discuss both the off-shell nilpotent Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the cosmological Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model with a differential gauge condition in the extended phase space. In this discussion, the presence of anti-BRST symmetry provides the complete geometrical description of BRST within the ambit of the supervariable approach. We derive the conserved (anti-)BRST charges for the FRW model using the celebrated Noether theorem and show the nilpotency and absolute anti-commutativity properties of these conserved charges within the realm of BRST formalism. Finally, we prove the sanctity of (anti-)BRST symmetries through the derivation of these symmetry transformations within the framework of the (anti-)chiral supervariable approach (ACSA) to BRST formalism.
Pituitary Infiltration by Lymphoma
Authors: Tovar-Méndez Víctor Hugo , Cuenca Dalia , Gómez-Pérez Francisco J , Cuevas-Ramos Daniel
Published: October 2022

Lymphoma infiltration to the pituitary is rare. It represents less than 0.5% of all reported pituitary metastases (PMs). Here we present a case series of 3 patients with PMs from a systemic lymphoma. Also, we performed a literature review of the cases reported. We identified additional 31 cases in which non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was the most common (n = 28, 90%), with large B-cell NHL the most frequent histological subtype (n = 14, 45%). Central hypothyroidism (n = 21, 67%) was the most frequent pituitary deficiency followed by adrenal insufficiency (n = 19, 61%) and diabetes insipidus (DI; n = 18, 58%). Full endocrine recovery was found in only 12% (n = 4) of patients after treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging showed tumor regression in 22% of them. In our series, 2 patients were diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 1 had mixed cellularity of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. The mean age was 54 ± 6.92 years. Hypopituitarism and DI were present in all of them, with 100% of mortality because of advanced systemic disease.
A Theory of One-Size-Fits-All Recommendations
Authors: Levit Doron , Tsoy Anton
Published: October 2022

One-size-fits-all recommendations are common in many contexts, including those with a widespread heterogeneity. We propose a model that rationalizes this phenomenon. An expert recommends publicly to two agents whether to adopt a policy. The expert is privately informed about agents’ payoffs from the policy and his conflict of interest. We show that one-size-fits-all recommendations can be informative even when payoffs are independent across agents. Such recommendations increase the expert’s influence by concealing his conflict of interest. We apply the model to recommendations provided by the IMF, World Bank, proxy advisory firms, central banks, and the Basel Committee. (JEL D82, E58, F33, F53, G28, G34)
On the Foundations of Ex Post Incentive-Compatible Mechanisms
Authors: Yamashita Takuro , Zhu Shuguang
Published: October 2022

This paper considers an interdependent-value robust mechanism design problem, where the principal has little knowledge about the agent’s belief. Although ex post incentive-compatible (EPIC) mechanisms can implement allocations without any knowledge about the agent’s belief, we show that, under a certain condition (order-reversing interdependence), there exists a non-EPIC mechanism that achieves a strictly higher expected revenue than any EPIC mechanism given whatever (admissible) belief structure the agent may enjoy. Conversely, with sufficiently small interdependence, such a non-EPIC mechanism does not exist: for some (admissible) belief structure, an EPIC mechanism achieves the highest expected revenue. (JEL D82, D83)
What Should a Firm Know? Protecting Consumers’ Privacy Rents
Authors: Bird Daniel , Neeman Zvika
Published: October 2022

A monopolistic firm observes a signal about the state of the world and then makes a take-it-or-leave-it offer to an uninformed consumer who has recourse to some outside option. We provide a geometric characterization of the firm’s information structure that maximizes the consumer’s surplus: the optimal regime partitions the space of payoff states into polyhedral cones with disjoint interiors. We interpret our results in terms of the maximization of the consumer’s “privacy rent.” We illustrate and motivate our approach through the example of the regulation of the privacy of medical information in monopolistic health insurance markets. (JEL D21, D42, D83, G22, I13)
The Effect of Sequentiality on Cooperation in Repeated Games
Authors: Ghidoni Riccardo , Suetens Sigrid
Published: October 2022

Sequentiality of moves in an infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma does not change the conditions under which mutual cooperation can be supported in equilibrium relative to simultaneous decision-making. The nature of the interaction is different, however, given that sequential play reduces strategic uncertainty. We show in an experiment that this has large consequences for behavior. We find that with intermediate incentives to cooperate, sequentiality increases the cooperation rate by around 40 percentage points, whereas with very low or very high incentives to cooperate, cooperation rates are respectively very low or very high in both settings. (JEL C72, C73)
Screening Dominance: A Comparison of Noisy Signals
Authors: Lagziel David , Lehrer Ehud
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the impact of noisy signals on screening processes. It deals with a decision problem in which a decision-maker screens a set of elements based on noisy unbiased evaluations. Given that the decision-maker uses threshold strategies, we show that additional binary noise can potentially improve a screening, an effect that resembles a “ lucky coin toss.” We compare different noisy signals under threshold strategies and optimal ones, and we provide several characterizations of cases in which one noise is preferable over another. Accordingly so, we establish a novel method to compare noise variables using a contraction mapping between percentiles. (JEL D82)
Communication and Cooperation in Markets
Authors: Ali S. Nageeb , Miller David A.
Published: October 2022

Many markets rely on traders truthfully communicating who has cheated in the past and ostracizing those traders from future trade. This paper investigates when truthful communication is incentive compatible. We find that if each side has a myopic incentive to deviate, then communication incentives are satisfied only when the volume of trade is low. By contrast, if only one side has a myopic incentive to deviate, then communication incentives do not constrain the volume of supportable trade. Accordingly, there are strong gains from structuring trade so that one side either moves first or has its cooperation guaranteed by external enforcement. (JEL D82, D83)
Coordination and Organization Design: Theory and Micro-Evidence
Authors: Dessein Wouter , Lo Desmond (Ho-Fu) , Minami Chieko
Published: October 2022

We explore the relationship between the volatility of a firm’s local environment and its organizational structure. Using micro-level data on managers working for a large retailer, we empirically test and provide support for our theory that a more volatile local environment results in more decentralization only when the need for coordination among subunits is low. In contrast, more local volatility is associated with more centralization when coordination needs are high. Our evidence supports the argument that centralized organizations are better at adapting to local shocks when coordination is important. (JEL D22, L23, L81, M11, M54)
Rational Inattention in the Infield
Authors: Bhattacharya Vivek , Howard Greg
Published: October 2022

This paper provides evidence of rational inattention by experienced professionals in strategic interactions. We add rational inattention to a game of matching pennies with state-dependent payoffs. Unlike the full-information, mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium, payoffs of different actions need not be equated state by state. Moreover, players respond partially to payoff differences, this responsiveness is stronger when attention costs are lower, strategies converge to full-information Nash as stakes increase, and average payoffs across all states are approximately equal across actions. We test these predictions using data on millions of pitches from Major League Baseball, where we observe strategies, payoffs, and proxies for attention costs. (JEL C72, D83, D91, L83, Z21)
Evaluation of PD-L1 expression in vulvar cancer
Authors: Sahraoui Ghada , Manai Marwa , Yaïche Rahma , Charfi Lamia , Ghalleb Montassar , Douik Hayet , Mrad Karima , Doghri Raoudha
Published: October 2022

Background: The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory immune checkpoint seems to have a significant prognostic impact in the evolution of certain cancers such as bronchopulmonary cancer, breast cancer, lymphomas etc. Indeed, it has been suggested that PD-L1 expression was associated with a worse prognosis due to its immunosuppressive activity within tumor tissue. Currently, the evaluation of the expression of these biomarkers is of increasing interest in gynecological cancers. Hence, we proposed to study the expression of PDL1 in vulvar cancer. Our aims were to study the expression profile of PD-L1 in vulvar cancer by immunohistochemistry and to correlate its expression with overall and relapse-free survival rates.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at the pathological anatomy and cytology department of the Saleh Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia involving 55 patients followed for vulvar cancer over a period of 13 years from 2008 to 2021. Clinicopathologic data was collected from medical records and pathology reports.

Results: PD-L1 expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma was observed in 44% of cases. This expression was noted in 33% of cases in tumor cells and in 11% of cases in lymphocytes. The median follow-up period was 40 months. During this period, 30% of patients relapsed. For all recurrence cases, 77% were during the first two years. The overall survival rate was 68.4% at two years and 50.3% at five years. The recurrence-free survival rate was 63.8% at five years. Overall survival as well as recurrence-free survival were more reduced in the case of PD-L1 expression. However, this difference was not significant (p=0.07).

Conclusions: These results, although insufficient, emphasize the prognostic value that PDL1 could play in vulvar cancer as described in the literature. Despite the low numbers and the unavailability of data for some cases, our results encourage carrying out this work on larger populations.
Comparison of percentage excess weight loss and body composition after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy: A prospective study
Authors: Sapwarobol Suwimol , Aiam-O-Ran Juntagan , Astina Junaida
Published: October 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) vs. sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glycemic control and blood lipid profile at preoperative (baseline), three and six months after surgery.

Methods: In a prospective non-randomized design, 32 participants, SG (n = 11) and RYGB (n = 21) completed the study.

Results: Results showed that fasting blood glucose (FBG) and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were significantly reduced from 113.55±30.18 mg/dL at baseline to 93.6±14.81 mg/dL at three months post operation following SG (p = 0.006). In addition, HbA1C decreased significantly in both groups at baseline, three- and six-months post operation (SG 6.41± 0.96, 5.4±0.36 and 5.28±0.57 % (p = 0.022) and RYGB 5.91± 0.94, 5.11± 0.57 and 4.96± 0.55% (p<0.001) respectively). Levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were restored significantly in both groups at 6 months compared to three months post-surgery (SG 41.2± 9.99, 38.67±4.85 and 45.36± 6.22 (p = 0.023) and RYGB 42.67± 9.97, 36.58± 6.06 and 43.03± 6.66 (p =0.003) respectively), whereas there is no significant different in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol.

Conclusions: Both bariatric surgery (SG and RYGB) improved glycemic control and blood lipid profile.

Trial registration: The trial is registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210429004) April 29, 2021.
Antibacterial activity of Betadine (Jatropha multifida L.) stem extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in vitro
Authors: Rusdy Hendry , Damanik Diah HI
Published: October 2022

Background: Today, people use plants to treat various types of diseases and improve human health. One of the medicinal plants is the Betadine plant (Jatropha multifida L.). Betadine plants have many functions, especially the sap, leaves, fruit and seeds. The compound contents in Betadine stem sap, which is efficacious as an antimicrobial, are saponins, tannins, flavonoids and labaditin. One of the bacteria that cause infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria can cause opportunistic and nosocomial infections.

Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. This study used Betadine stem sap extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, gentamicin cream 10% as positive control, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution as negative control. This study used the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown on nutrient agar media, then incubated for 24 hours and calculated using calipers. Research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.

Results: The highest inhibition zone was group 50% (12.725 ± 0.2500 mm) while the lowest inhibition zone was group 100% (8.675 ± 0.5620 mm).

Conclusions: Betadine stem extract had antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, with the 50% concentration being the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
Relation between delivery mode and maternal mental status one month after delivery at a perinatal center in Japan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Shunji
Published: October 2022

Background: Maternal mental status has been thought to be affected by the delivery modes. We examined the relation between delivery modes and the mental status of women who delivered at our institute in Japan.

Methods: Data were collected from the medical charts of 643 primiparous women without a history of mental disorders who delivered singleton babies and underwent a 1-month postpartum check-up at our institute from September 2018 to June 2019. The maternal mental status was examined based on the scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS).

Results: The rate of high scores of the EPDS and the MIBS in women choosing elective cesarean section were higher than in women with vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section.

Conclusion: Mental health care may be necessary for women choosing elective cesarean section.
Medical student perceptions of reflective practice in the undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Gishen Faye , Chakrabarti Rima
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Reflective practice (RP) forms a core component of medical professionalism but, despite its benefits, it remains largely undervalued among medical students. The aim of this study was to explore medical students’ attitudes and barriers to engagement with RP in the undergraduate programme at a UK based medical school.

Methods: This was a qualitative study based on the methodology of phenomenology. All penultimate year medical students at University College London Medical School (n=361) were approached for this study and altogether thirteen participants were recruited, with data collected through two focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to generate the coding framework.

Results: Five key themes emerged around student attitudes to RP, which were grouped into three domains: ‘value of RP’, ‘barriers to engagement’, and ‘strategies for enabling RP’. ‘Value of RP’ centred on the themes of humanising medicine and developing empathy, developing professionalism and RP as a tool for sense-making. ‘Barriers to engagement’ centred on the purpose and tokenism of RP and in the third domain, ‘strategies for enabling RP’, the theme of student agency in RP emerged strongly.

Conclusion: Overall, the value of RP was not fully appreciated until students began their clinical placements. Potential strategies identified by participants for optimising engagement included student co-design and positioning RP within a broader pastoral role early in the undergraduate curriculum.
Preface
Authors: Padrik Marika , Kerge Krista , Trasberg Karmen
Published: October 2022

Paljud Eesti õpetajad töötavad iga päev mitmekeelsete ja kultuuritaustalt erinevate õppijatega. EHA erinumber pakub teadusuuringute ja raamatututvustuste näol teadmisi ja mõtteid, kuidas selle tööga paremini toime tulla. Eessõnas aitavad toimetajad lugejal luua vajalikku tausta, andes lühiülevaate Eestis 2000ndatel aastatel tehtud teemakohastest uuringutest. Erinumbri artiklite temaatika on lai: haaratud on lasteaed, põhikool, kõrgkool, nii täiskasvanud kui ka erivajadustega keeleõppijad. Lugeja saab teada, milline on Iirimaa kogemus sisserändetaustaga õpilastega ja USA teadlase vaade kahesuunalise keelekümblusmudeli rakendumisele Eestis.
Supporting oral communication in language learning through the fictitious identity technique
Authors: Saar Katrin , Loogus Terje , Uibu Krista
Published: October 2022

Kui keeleliste osaoskuste õpetamine võõrkeeletunnis tavaliselt probleeme ei valmista, siis õpetajatele teeb muret õpilaste vähene suhtlusvalmidus. Probleemi aitavad vähendada suhtlussõbralik ja õppijaid motiveeriv keskkond, samuti loovust nõudvad õppijakesksed ning sihtkeele kultuuriruumi vastu huvi tekitavad ülesanded. Seda võimaldab simulatsioon fiktiivse identiteedi kasutamisega. Siinse sekkumisuuringu eesmärk oli välja selgitada, kuidas toetab fiktiivse identiteedi kui keeleõppemeetodi kasutamine üliõpilaste suhtlusvalmidust saksa keeles rääkimisel. Tulemustest järeldub, et meetod toetab üliõpilaste suhtlusvalmidust vaid osaliselt. Positiivsete külgedena märgiti, et fiktiivne identiteet aitab olla rohkem avatum ja spontaansem oma tegelaskujust rääkimisel. Ühtlasi paneb see otsima uusi väljendeid ja sõnu ning kiirendab sisseelamist saksakeelsesse maailma. Samas võivad selle meetodi ülesanded põhjustada rahulolematust. Osa üliõpilasi arvas, et ilma fiktiivse identiteedita oleksid nad tundides suhelnud sama palju. Negatiivset mõju avaldavate teguritena nimetati segadust erinevate identiteetide kasutamisel ja vähest huvi uue tegelaskuju väljamõtlemisel. Meetodis nähti eelkõige võimalust,kuidas keeleoskust aktiivselt arendada.

 Summary
Pogranicze polsko-rosyjskie (do roku 1863). Zagadnienia i postacie
Authors: Romanowski Andrzej
Published: October 2022

The author analyzes the origins of the Polish-Russian borderlands, starting from the 16th century (the works of Andrei Kurbsky, the activities of the book printer Ivan Fedorov), and presents the role of the Kiev-Mohylan Collegium of the 17th century in the convergence of Orthodox cultures of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Moscow state. Particular importance in this convergence is attached to the student of the college, Symeon Polotsky, as well as to his students: Sylvester Medvedev, Karion Istomin and Yan Byalobotsky, and later, in the first decades of the 18th century, Stefan Yavorsky and Feofan Prokopovich. “Slavic” programs and folklore activities of the early 19th century show the role of such active and creative Polish and Russian personalities as Adam Charnotsky, Thaddeus Bulgarin, Osip Senkovsky and Adam Honorius Kirkor. The author also draws attention to the unrealized role of the bilingual Warsaw magazine “Dennitsa-Jutrzenka”. Formed in the 19th century Russian-Ukrainian and Polish-Belarusian borderlands no longer influenced the further development of Polish- Russian borderlands.
Obraz Komi v vospominaniâh bolgarskih stroitelej i lesorubov
Authors: Chavdarova Dechka
Published: October 2022

Investigating the image of Komi in the memoirs of the Bulgarians who worked in Komi ASSR from 1968 to 1994 fits into the actual interests of humanitarian study on geopoetics. Thereby, the tales of people residing in Komi, published on the Internet, are being considered not just as a document, but as a mythologising/demythologising discourse with specific rhetorical means. These tales are testimonies of the selectiveness of memory (accentuating the pleasant, the positive, or vice versa – the bad and the negative). Another tendency is also noticeable: despite the official ideological discourse, which encompasses the work of the Bulgarians in Komi – the ideologeme of SIV (COMECON) as an embodiment of “comradery” – the authors of these memoirs are facing the “structures of everyday life” and their roles as pioneers developing a new land. Today presence of the Bulgarians in Komi is iterated through their participation in the society of “Russophiles” and political disputes of these days.
Polemika s usadebnym tekstom. L.N. Tolstogo v romane M. Stepnovoj Sad
Authors: Grinevich Olga
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the polemic with the ideas of Leo Tolstoy in the novel by Marina Stepnova Garden in the context of the estate text of Russian literature. This controversy is associated with the crisis of literary centrism, characteristic of the literary process of the late 20th – early 21st centuries and touches upon a complex of key themes and problems for Tolstoy’s works: the problem of personality formation, the theme of ancestral memory, “family thought” and “folk thought”. On the one hand, through the entire novel, the thought about the falsity of those ideas, attitudes, traditions that are formed in Russian classical literature, about the primacy of sensory experience, is carried out. On the other hand, the polemical disclosure of “folk thought” in the novel leads to the formation of opposition between the nobility and the people, and the author’s sympathies are given to representatives of the nobility, and therefore to the noble culture. The choice of a noble estate as a key spatial location in which the novel takes place is not accidental. Thus, the entire semantic complex of the manor text of Russian literature is involved in polemics, which organizes the ideological space of the novel.
O mitologii miasta w dramacie Jurija Kławdijewa Obłok przypominający delfina
Authors: Syska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the work A Dolphin-like Cloud by a celebrated and controversial reperesentative of the “Tolyatti new drama school” Yuri Klavdiev in the context of the concept of urban text developed by V. Toporov and Y. Lotman. “Russian Detroit” can definitely be regarded as a typical post-Soviet industrial mono-profile city. However, we expose those elements of the history and urban mythology of the city that prove that it is reasonable to speak about specific Tolyatti text. The study also shows that in Klavdiev’s play his hometown is not only a scenery for the incidents but a peculiar chronotope that determines protagonist’s fate, structure of the plot and a central theme in this drama work.
O pewnej reprezentacji wieczności (Uwagi o Rzymie Mikołaja Gogola)
Authors: Żyłko Bogusław
Published: October 2022

The article concerns the representation of Rome as the Eternal City in Nicolai Gogol’s tale Rome. The central problem is how real geographical (even topographical) space transforms into the artistic construction endowed with new senses. Topographical realities of Rome fulfil a non-neutral role from a semantic point of view. In the article a special attention is paid to the cartographic perspective which plays a very important role in Gogol’s description of Rome and its landscape. In Rome Gogol used a map as a device in his narration: the last look at the city is given from the perspective of distant observer who sees the majestic panorama of the whole city from the highlands of Janiculum.
A Robust Approach to Quantifying Uncertainty in Matching Problems of Causal Inference
Authors: Morucci Marco , Noor-E-Alam Md. , Rudin Cynthia
Published: October 2022

Unquantified sources of uncertainty in observational causal analyses can break the integrity of the results. One would never want another analyst to repeat a calculation with the same data set, using a seemingly identical procedure, only to find a different conclusion. However, as we show in this work, there is a typical source of uncertainty that is essentially never considered in observational causal studies: the choice of match assignment for matched groups—that is, which unit is matched to which other unit before a hypothesis test is conducted. The choice of match assignment is anything but innocuous and can have a surprisingly large influence on the causal conclusions. Given that a vast number of causal inference studies test hypotheses on treatment effects after treatment cases are matched with similar control cases, we should find a way to quantify how much this extra source of uncertainty impacts results. What we would really like to be able to report is that no matter which match assignment is made, as long as the match is sufficiently good, then the hypothesis test results are still informative. In this paper, we provide methodology based on discrete optimization to create robust tests that explicitly account for this possibility. We formulate robust tests for binary and continuous data based on common test statistics as integer linear programs solvable with common methodologies. We study the finite-sample behavior of our test statistic in the discrete-data case. We apply our methods to simulated and real-world data sets and show that they can produce useful results in practical applied settings.

History: Galit Shmueli served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: Financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the National Science Foundation [Grant IIS 2147061] is gratefully acknowledged.

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: No data ethics considerations are foreseen related to this paper. Code and data to reproduce all the results in this paper are avilable at https://github.com/marcomorucci/robusttests and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.0020 ).
Strong Formulations for Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Programs with Left-Hand Side Uncertainty Under Wasserstein Ambiguity
Authors: Ho-Nguyen Nam , Kilinç-Karzan Fatma , Küçükyavuz Simge , Lee Dabeen
Published: October 2022

Distributionally robust chance-constrained programs (DR-CCPs) over Wasserstein ambiguity sets exhibit attractive out-of-sample performance and admit big-M–based mixed-integer programming reformulations with conic constraints. However, the resulting formulations often suffer from scalability issues as problem size increases. To address this shortcoming, we derive stronger formulations that scale well with respect to the problem size. Our focus is on ambiguity sets under the so-called left-hand side uncertainty, where the uncertain parameters affect the coefficients of the decision variables in the linear inequalities defining the safety sets. The interaction between the uncertain parameters and the variable coefficients in the safety set definition causes challenges in strengthening the original big-M formulations. By exploiting the connection between nominal chance-constrained programs and DR-CCP, we obtain strong formulations with significant enhancements. In particular, through this connection, we derive a linear number of valid inequalities, which can be immediately added to the formulations to obtain improved formulations in the original space of variables. In addition, we suggest a quantile-based strengthening procedure that allows us to reduce the big-M coefficients drastically. Furthermore, based on this procedure, we propose an exponential class of inequalities that can be separated efficiently within a branch-and-cut framework. The quantile-based strengthening procedure can be expensive. Therefore, for the special case of covering and packing type problems, we identify an efficient scheme to carry out this procedure. We demonstrate the computational efficacy of our proposed formulations on two classes of problems, namely stochastic portfolio optimization and resource planning.

Funding: This work was supported by the DARPA Lagrange Program [Grant N660011824020], the National Science Foundation [Grant 1740707], the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-19-1-2321], and the Institute for Basic Science [Grants IBS-R029-C1 and IBS-R029-Y2].
Evaluation of the Relationship between Cyberbullying Perpetration and Cyber Victimization with Social Media and Game Addiction among Youth
Authors: DURMAZ Nihal , ATEŞ Burçin Özlem
Published: October 2022

Objective: Both cyberbullying perpetration and cyber victimization are becoming a increasingly important problem among adolescents with the development of technology. It is suggested that there are many factors in the emergence of cyberbullying. This study, it is aimed to evaluate the relationship between cyberbullying and victimization, social media addiction, and game addiction.
Material and Methods: A total of 537 adolescents aged 10-18 were included in our cross-sectional study. Participants filled out the sociodemographic data form, social media addiction scale, game addiction scale, and cyberbullying scale.
Results: In our study, both cyber perpetrators (0.021) and cyber victims (p<0.001) were more frequent in girls. While social media addiction scores were higher in cyber victims (p=0.020), gender (OR [Odds Ratio]= 0.09 CI [Confidence interval]:[ 0.04- 0.23] ) and game addiction score were found to be predictors. (OR=1.09 CI: [1.03-1.16] ).
Conclusion: Social media and game addiction seem to be especially related to cyber victimization. Although a causal relationship could not be revealed in our study, it is thought that it may be useful to increase the awareness of adolescents about cyberbullying during gaming and using social media, which have an important place in their lives, and to evaluate the groups with addiction in terms of cyber victimization.
Visual-motor integration scale for Korean elderly (VMIS-KE) is an effective indicator for cognitive changes in diabetic older adults
Authors: Kim Eunhwi , Park Yong-Kyung , Kim Hong
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the adequacy of the visual-motor integration (VMI) scale for Korean elderly (VMIS-KE) compared to traditional measures, mini-mental state examination of Korean version (MMSE-KC) and Beery VMI for cognitive decline in diabetic older adults. For this explanatory research, data were collected from September 1 to September 15, 2013, from 34 diabetic older adults and 31 nondiabetic older adults in Daegu and Gyeongsan of Korea. Mean differences between the two groups were analyzed with SPSS 18.0. The diabetic older adults showed significantly lower scores in the VMIS-KE (t= 4.128, P< 0.001) and MMSE-KC (t= 2.231, P= 0.029) compared with the nondiabetic older adults. In all subcategories of VMI-KE, figure cognition (t= 5.342, P< 0.001), memory (t= 3.011, P= 0.004) and spatial cognition (t= 2.639, P= 0.011), there were significant differences whereas no significant difference in the VMI-6th revision (t= 0.994, P= 0.325). VMIS-KE could be a sensitive indicator to assess cognitive change in older adults with diabetes and health care providers should periodically evaluate vulnerable groups such as them with it.
A Case Study Exploring the Development of a Quality Open Education Clinical Microbiology Lab Manual and Online Experiential Lab Course
Authors: Lindsey Natasha , Pate Jennifer , Blankinship Lisa Ann
Published: October 2022

The benefits of online instruction favor the flexibility of teaching and learning anywhere, anytime. However, online education poses a specific challenge for courses within the hard sciences, such as microbiology, due to the specificity of laboratory equipment utilized and laboratory safety guidelines followed in traditional (in-person) lab courses. As such, traditional experiments may not readily transition to an “at home” environment nor are virtual lab instruction platforms considered “equal” by many hard science departments. Research suggests that effective online learning results from careful planning and instructional design strategies through a systematic model for design and development (Hodges et al., 2020).The University of North Alabama (UNA) is primarily a teaching institution focused on student success, academic access, and affordability. It had been working on expanding its online programming in the three years prior to the pandemic through committed funding to support robust online experiences, including funding for Quality Matters (QM) course reviews and stipends for faculty to investigate and adopt Open Education Resources (OER). UNA not only successfully transitioned to the online environment during the pandemic but also experienced record growth in overall enrollment due in part to the support systems available for professors interested in transitioning online prior to the pandemic. This paper explores how the combined efforts of a microbiology professor, OER librarian, and instructional designer created a high-quality, practical, and experiential laboratory learning opportunity for students using an open, online environment in microbiology. 
Introducing a Holistic Review of OER: Letter from the OER Reviews Editor, John Raible
Authors: Raible John
Published: October 2022

A letter from the OER Reviews Editor, John Raible.
Prozessmodularisierung und -standardisierung als Grundlage für die Digitalisierung von Prozessen im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
Authors: von Tsurikov Artemiy , Engert Martin , Hein Andreas , Krcmar Helmut
Published: October 2022

Die Digitalisierung des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) in Deutschland weist nach wie vor Defizite auf, was nicht zuletzt im Kontext der Pandemiebewältigung zu Problemen führte. Zur Bewältigung ihrer Aufgaben benötigen die etwa 400 deutschen Gesundheitsämtern, eine entsprechende Softwareausstattung, deren Bereitstellung auch durch die Heterogenität des ÖGD erschwert wird. Entsprechend stellt die Standardisierung und Modularisierung von Prozessen die Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Digitalisierung des ÖGD dar. Aufbauend auf diesen Prozessmodellen können geeignete und breit anwendbare Softwaremodule für diverse Aufgabenbereiche der Gesundheitsämter entwickelt und bereitgestellt werden. Die durchgeführte Studie leistet einen ersten wichtigen Beitrag im Kontext der Digitalisierung des ÖGD, indem sie eine Vorgehensweise zur Prozessstandardisierung und -modularisierung entwickelt und beispielhaft anwendet. Im Rahmen dieser Studie erfolgte eine Standardisierung und Modularisierung von Prozessen im Bereich der Wasserhygiene basierend auf den Prozessen eines Gesundheitsamtes in Berlin. In einer Kombination von Design Science Research und Business Process Standardization (BPS) wurden stakeholderübergreifende Ende-zu-Ende Prozesse identifiziert, deren Ist-Zustände mit BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) visualisiert und anschließend in generalisierbare Soll-Zustände überführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden schließlich mit zwei weiteren Gesundheitsämtern validiert. Die angewandte Methodik und die entwickelten Artefakte können einerseits zur Skalierung dieses Vorgehens in weiteren Gesundheitsämtern und andererseits als eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung von passenden und breit anwendbaren Softwarekomponenten genutzt werden.
Die elektronische Patientenakte als zentraler Bestandteil der digitalen Transformation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen – Eine Analyse von Akzeptanzfaktoren aus Patientensicht
Authors: Kus Kevin , Kajüter Patricia , Arlinghaus Tim , Teuteberg Frank
Published: October 2022

Der demografische Wandel sowie der Fachkräftemangel in der medizinischen und pflegerischen Versorgung stellen das deutsche Gesundheitswesen vor große Herausforderungen. Die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA) als zentraler Bestandteil der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen soll dabei helfen, den Datenaustausch zwischen den beteiligten Akteuren zu vereinfachen, Leistungserbringer zu entlasten und gleichzeitig die Datenhoheit beim Patienten zu belassen. Neben benötigten IT-Spezialisten ist die Akzeptanz der beteiligten Akteure, die insbesondere die Leistungserbringer und Patienten umfassen, von entscheidender Bedeutung für die erfolgreiche Adoption der ePA. In unserer Analyse beleuchten wir insbesondere die Faktoren, die auf die Nutzungsabsicht der ePA aus Sicht der Patienten einwirken, von denen bisher nur sehr wenige die ePA verwenden. Nach einer initialen Erläuterung der ePA und dem Einbezug relevanter Literatur werden 16 semistrukturierte Interviews mit Patienten durchgeführt, um wichtige Praxiserkenntnisse der (potenziellen) Nutzer zu erhalten. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Kategoriensystem von Akzeptanzfaktoren, die die Nutzung der ePA aus Patientensicht beeinflussen, entwickelt. Es lassen sich sechs Akzeptanzfaktoren identifizieren: (1) Informationsstand, (2) Gewohnheiten und normative Einflüsse, (3) Datenschutz, (4) Anwenderfreundlichkeit, (5) Medienkompetenz sowie (6) Funktionalitäten. Aus den Analyseergebnissen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die ePA-Anbieter abgeleitet, die zu einer größeren Akzeptanz der ePA aus der Patientenperspektive führen können. Unser Forschungsvorhaben leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu, welche Faktoren bei der Entwicklung und Bereitstellung der ePA aus Sicht der Patienten zu beachten sind und wie potenzielle Probleme dieser Nutzergruppe gelöst werden können.
Baseline oxygen consumption decreases with cortical depth
Authors: Mächler Philipp , Fomin-Thunemann Natalie , Thunemann Martin , Sætra Marte Julie , Desjardins Michèle , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Amra Layth N. , Martin Emily A. , Chen Ichun Anderson , Şencan-Eğilmez Ikbal , Li Baoqiang , Saisan Payam , Jiang John X. , Cheng Qun , Weldy Kimberly L. , Boas David A. , Buxton Richard B. , Einevoll Gaute T. , Dale Anders M. , Sakadžić Sava , Devor Anna
Published: October 2022

The cerebral cortex is organized in cortical layers that differ in their cellular density, composition, and wiring. Cortical laminar architecture is also readily revealed by staining for cytochrome oxidase—the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has been hypothesized that a high-density band of cytochrome oxidase in cortical layer IV reflects higher oxygen consumption under baseline (unstimulated) conditions. Here, we tested the above hypothesis using direct measurements of the partial pressure of O2 (pO2) in cortical tissue by means of 2-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM). We revisited our previously developed method for extraction of the cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (CMRO2) based on 2-photon pO2 measurements around diving arterioles and applied this method to estimate baseline CMRO2 in awake mice across cortical layers. To our surprise, our results revealed a decrease in baseline CMRO2 from layer I to layer IV. This decrease of CMRO2 with cortical depth was paralleled by an increase in tissue oxygenation. Higher baseline oxygenation and cytochrome density in layer IV may serve as an O2 reserve during surges of neuronal activity or certain metabolically active brain states rather than reflecting baseline energy needs. Our study provides to our knowledge the first quantification of microscopically resolved CMRO2 across cortical layers as a step towards better understanding of brain energy metabolism.
Venus: An efficient virus infection detection and fusion site discovery method using single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data
Authors: Lee Che Yu , Chen Yuhang , Duan Ziheng , Xu Min , Girgenti Matthew J. , Xu Ke , Gerstein Mark , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2022

Early and accurate detection of viruses in clinical and environmental samples is essential for effective public healthcare, treatment, and therapeutics. While PCR detects potential pathogens with high sensitivity, it is difficult to scale and requires knowledge of the exact sequence of the pathogen. With the advent of next-gen single-cell sequencing, it is now possible to scrutinize viral transcriptomics at the finest possible resolution–cells. This newfound ability to investigate individual cells opens new avenues to understand viral pathophysiology with unprecedented resolution. To leverage this ability, we propose an efficient and accurate computational pipeline, named Venus, for virus detection and integration site discovery in both single-cell and bulk-tissue RNA-seq data. Specifically, Venus addresses two main questions: whether a tissue/cell type is infected by viruses or a virus of interest? And if infected, whether and where has the virus inserted itself into the human genome? Our analysis can be broken into two parts–validation and discovery. Firstly, for validation, we applied Venus on well-studied viral datasets, such as HBV- hepatocellular carcinoma and HIV-infection treated with antiretroviral therapy. Secondly, for discovery, we analyzed datasets such as HIV-infected neurological patients and deeply sequenced T-cells. We detected viral transcripts in the novel target of the brain and high-confidence integration sites in immune cells. In conclusion, here we describe Venus, a publicly available software which we believe will be a valuable virus investigation tool for the scientific community at large.