bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketingové plánování a řízení vrcholové sportovní akce – Czech Open
Authors: Blažek Adam
Published: January 2018

My work describes practical hypothesis of the organizational coping of a sport event – international tennis tournament Czech Open. My work also focuses on content and form of a marketing plan and the role of a manager by the creating of a marketing plan. Discussion is held with main managers of the TK Plus s.r.o. who are responsible for the course of this event. The method of directed dialogue was used in this part. The discussion is based on 15 questions that cover all problems of the organization of this sport event. The questionnaire and answers are a component of my work (in the text and appendix). Conclusion offers some generalization of the acquired results and assessment of the presumption for the organizational coping of a sport event.
Pohybové aktivity v kontextu konzumní sedavé společnosti
Authors: Sekot Aleš
Published: January 2018

Purpose of the contribution is related to the fundamental feature of sedentary consumerist society strongly diminishing role and importance of physical activity in everyday life. At the same time sportive physical activity is also very important factor in the process of officiating of the level of healthy and active life style, quality of life and health in general. Method to study position of physical activity in sedentary society is based on discussion of relevent concepts and consequent presentation of most typical conclusions of sociological research relating to levels of physical activity (inactivity) of Czech inhabitants. Sedentary society is confronted with great decline of physical activity at work, households and in transportation. Active transportation, as an indispensable part of healthy active way of life refers to the most reasonable human-powered transportation – walking and cycling. Results of the great emprical research “Physical activity of Czech population“ concluded that most respondents prefer „inactive ways of transportation“ (cars, public transportation system); only less that one quarter of respondents use active ways of transportation (walking, biking). Men are more interested in biking, women in walking. In the Czech cultural setting changing attitude to physical activity as an integral part of everyday active life style is resulting from the changing social structure, in particular the newly establishing middle-class as well from prevalent cultural changes.
Hry a jejich využití v tréninku (především dětí)
Authors: Perič Tomáš , Dragounová Zuzana
Published: January 2018

The play is an integral part of human existence. It brings an important educational and socialization significance in children age. We define principle of playing in children sports training, whose fundamental aspects are: implicit learning and flow state. Games can be used in practice as a method of development of certain activities and the contents are divided into four thematic groups: 1) skills games (learning of the new skills, or application already learned skill), 2) abilities games, 3) decision-making processes in competitive situations games, 4) cooperation games.
Ação do equipamento Bulbox – triturador de lâmpadas - no processo mitigatório dos impactos do mercúrio (HG) no meio ambiente
Authors: Santos Taumaturgo Bonfim , Pedrosa Ivo Vasconcelos , Silva Andrea Karla Pereira da
Published: January 2018

Este estudo examina a ação do equipamento Bulbox (triturador de lâmpadas) na descontaminação correta de lâmpadas fluorescentes (LF). Notadamente são processos condizentes com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), aprovado pela Lei n° 12.305, de 02 de agosto de 2010. Tem como objetivo investigar os ganhos que a saúde humana e o meio ambiente recebem com a mitigação da exposição do mercúrio (Hg) e explicitar os benefícios da destinação final adequada de lâmpadas fluorescentes. Foram utilizados na metodologia critérios de abordagens qualitativa evidenciando instrumentos de coleta de dados voltados para o levantamento bibliográfico, documental e entrevista. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores bióticos e abióticos obtiveram ganhos significativos com a captação correta do mercúrio através do equipamento Bulbox, como também no reaproveitamento do vidro, alumínio, cobre e latão logrando desta forma resultados significativos na preservação do bem-estar dos diversos ecossistemas. Palavras chave: Lâmpadas fluorescentes; reciclagem; políticas ambientais no Brasil; mercúrio, indústria e descontaminação.
Governança ambiental e ética: (des)envolvimento e sustentabilidade em áreas de assentamentos rurais no estado de Sergipe
Authors: Andrade Edivânio Santos , Nascimento Maria José
Published: January 2018

A natureza apresenta sinais de esgotamentos dos recursos naturais e urge medidas de conservação sem precedentes de modo que é dever de todos buscar alternativas viáveis com base num sentido ético, como sendo um sustentáculo para as atuais demandas, ou seja, uma ética do respeito com ênfase na formação de um caráter virtuoso, principalmente, respaldada em atitudes e bons hábitos. A Resolução CONAMA nº 237 estabeleceu em seu texto a exigência de Licenciamento Ambiental para estabelecimentos agrícolas, assim um Projeto de Assentamento de Reforma Agrária é muito mais do que uma área destinada à produção agrícola por pequenos agricultores “Sem Terra”, uma vez que a Constituição Federal garante que “todos têm direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado”. Neste sentido, a governança ambiental como fundamento para um agir enquanto um processo de (re)valorização da natureza em assentamentos de reforma agrária deve ser para além de um ato formativo, uma alternativa para resolução dos impactos ambientais causados pelos sujeitos in locus.
The significance of blood pressure variation and metabolic risk factors in patients with different stages of hypertension
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Shim In Kyoung , Lee Ju Won , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Si Won , Cho Kyoung Im , Kim Hyun Su , Lee Jae Woo , Heo Jung Ho
Published: January 2018

Objectives Blood pressure variation (BPV) and metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Ambulatory blood Pressure (ABP) has been shown to be more closely related to cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients than conventional office BP (OBP). Using both OBP and ABP, 4 groups of patients were identified: (1) normotensive patients (NT); (2) white coat hypertensives (WCHT); (3) masked hypertensives (MHT); and (4) sustainedhypertensives (SHT). We investigated the significance of BPV and metabolic risks of these 4 groups. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of patients between January 2008 and May 2013. Echocardiography and 24 hour ABP monitoring were performed. Results BMI was significantly higher in the MHT compared with the NT. There were progressive increases in fasting glucose level from NT to WCHT, MHT, and SHT.MHT and SHT had higher 24h and nighttime BPV than NT.MHT was significantly related with BMI (r = 0.139, P = 0.010), creatinine (r = 0.144, P = 0.018), fasting glucose (r = 0.128, P = 0.046), daytime systolic BPV (r = 0.130, P = 0.017), and daytime diastolic BPV (r = 0.130, P = 0.017). Dyslipidemia (r = 0.110, P = 0.043), nighttime systolic BPV (r = 0.241, P < 0.001) and nighttime diastolic BPV (r = 0.143, P = 0.009) shown correlation with SHT. In multivariate logistic regression, MHT was independently associated with Body mass index (OR 1.086, 95% CI 1.005–1.174, P = 0.038) and creatinine (OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001–1.010, P = 0.045). Conclusions BPV and metabolic risk factors were found to be greater in MHT and SHT compared with NT and WCHT. This suggests that BPV and metabolic risks may contribute to the elevated cardiovascular risk observed in patients with MHT and SHT.
IgG4-Related Disease with lymphadenopathy Presenting as a Cervical lymph node enlargement
Authors: Choi Yeon Seok , Kim SungMin , Sohn Jang Sihn , Hwang JiYong , Chang TaeSoo , Cho Do Yeon
Published: January 2018

During the course of evaluation and management of neck masses, consideration for Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) should be given. IgG4-RD is relatively a new growing entity of immune-mediated origin, characterized by a mass-forming lesion, the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and occasionally elevated serum IgG4. The most common manifestations are parotid and lacrimal swelling, lymphadenopathy and autoimmune pancreatitis.A previously healthy 72-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a 2-month history of left cervical lymph node enlargement without systemic manifestations . A cervical lymph node biopsy was planned because of elevated serum IgG4 levels. Pathological findings showed prominent infiltration of IgG4-postive plasma cells in the lymph node. After steroid therapy, a computed tomography scan revealed a decrease in the cervical lymph node size.This case illustrates the importance of including IgG4-RD in the differential diagnosis of a cervical lymph node enlargement.
Designing a whole-farm revenue insurance for agricultural crops in Zanjan province of Iran
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad , Mohammadrezaei Rassul , Dashti Ghader , Ainollahi Moharram
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this article is to design and empirically evaluate the Whole Farm Insurance (WFI) over the conventional insurance programs in Zanjan province of Iran. Historical farm-level and county-level data were used to estimate yield and price density functions. Both parametric and non-parametric methods were applied for predicting the future values and the PQH simulation method was utilized to calculate premium rates. Results revealed that loss ratios of the WFI are lower for farmers who insured more than one crop. Additionally, utilizing WFI reduces premiums. Moreover, premiums obtained from nonparametric method are relatively lower compared to the parametric approachy.
Scaffold thrombosis following implantation of the ABSORB BVS in routine clinical practice: Insight into possible mechanisms from optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kraak Robin P. , Kajita Alexandre H. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Henriques Jose. P. S. , Piek Jan. J. , Arkenbout E. Karin , van der Schaaf René J. , Tijssen Jan G. P. , de Winter Robbert J. , Wykrzykowska Joanna J.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To identify potential underlying mechanisms of early and (very) late scaffold thrombosis (ScT) by optical coherence tomography (OCT), in a frame‐by‐frame analysis.

Background

The absorb scaffold is associated with an increased risk of ScT compared with metallic stents. Several potential causes of bioresorbable ScT have been identified, however the precise etiology still remains unclear.

Methods

Between February 2013 and February 2016, 13 patients presenting with definite ScT underwent OCT imaging. After guidewire passage or balloon inflations, OCT images were acquired. Pullbacks were assessed offline at each 1 mm longitudinal interval within the treated segment and the 5 mm segments adjacent to both edges. Primary cause of ScT was assessed by reviewing medical records, baseline angiographic films, and OCT pullback and angiographic films at time of ScT.

Results

13 patients, with 14 thrombotic lesions presented either with early ScT (i.e., ≤30 days) or very (late) (i.e., >30 days). Analysis demonstrated a significantly smaller in‐scaffold maximal lumen diameter in the early cases (2.75 ± 0.85 mm vs. 3.00 ± 0.46 mm; P = 0.033) and a nonsignificant smaller minimal scaffold diameter (2.44 ± 0.62 mm vs. 2.58 ± 0.37 mm P = 0.097). Per‐strut analysis demonstrated significantly more malapposed scaffold struts in (very) late cases (6% versus 0.6%, P < 0.001). Assessment of the predominate cause showed underexpansion as the dominant factor in the early cases, while malapposition was predominantly seen in the (very)late cases.

Conclusions

OCT performed in patients presenting with Absorb ScT demonstrated that malapposition of scaffold struts was more prominent in patients presenting with (very) late ScT, while underexpansion was more frequent in the early cases.
Comparison of treatment strategies for femoro‐popliteal disease: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Koifman Edward , Lipinski Michael J. , Buchanan Kyle , Yu Kang Won , Escarcega Ricardo O. , Waksman Ron , Bernardo Nelson L.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

We sought to compare treatment strategies in a Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent morbidity that is treated with various strategies.

Methods

We performed a MEDLINE search for randomized studies comparing at least 2 treatment strategies, including bypass surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) balloons, stents, covered stents, drug‐eluting stents (DES), and drug‐coated balloons (DCB), in patients with native femoro‐popliteal disease. Mixed treatment comparison model generation was performed to directly and indirectly compare the strategies in terms of restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) presented as odds ratios (OR, [95% credible intervals]).

Results

Twenty‐nine studies with 4,820 patients were included in the present study. PTA was the largest group with 1,900 patients, followed by DCB (n = 1,343), bare metal stents (n = 941), covered stents (n = 304), DES (n = 236), and bypass (n = 92). Mean age was 68 ± 9 years, 64% were male, 37% diabetic, and 55% smokers. Mean lesion length was 77 ± 44 mm, and 39% were total occlusions. Bayesian hierarchical random‐effects model demonstrated all treatments were significantly better than, or had a trend toward superiority over, PTA, with DCB ranking well in both restenosis (OR = 0.29, [0.17‐0.47]) and TLR (OR = 0.31, [0.20‐0.46]). Nonetheless, none of the therapies showed superiority in terms of survival or amputations.

Conclusion

Treatment of femoro‐popliteal disease has significantly evolved in recent years, with higher rates of patency and freedom from TLR. However, the utility of these treatment strategies in terms of reduction of amputations and overall survival remains in question.
Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke: Quantitative synthesis of pooled randomized trial data
Authors: Hakeem Abdul , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Katramados Angelos , Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean , Iliescu Cezar , Gundogdu Betul , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke

Background

Stroke remains the leading cause of serious long‐term disability in the United States. The effectiveness of a percutaneous PFO closure in the prevention of recurrent cryptogenic strokes has not been established.

Methods

We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and Internet‐based sources from January 2003 to September 2017. Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) comparing percutaneous PFO closure to medical therapy alone.

Results

Five RCTs (CLOSURE I, PC Trial, REDUCE, RESPECT, and CLOSE) with 1,829 patients in the device group and 1,611 patients in the medical group met inclusion criteria. The cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke was 2.02% in the PFO closure arm and 4.4% in the medical therapy group (RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.20, 0.91; P = 0.03). There was no difference in the incidence of death [0.7% vs. 0.9%; RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.35, 1.64), P = 0.49] or adverse events during the follow‐up period [24.6% vs. 23.7% (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.91, 1.16), P = 0.65] between the closure and medical therapy groups. Incidence of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in closure group compared to medical therapy [4% vs. 0.6% (RR 4.73; 95% CI 2.09, 10.70), P = 0.0002]. The comparative effectiveness of PFO closure (compared to medical therapy) was significantly more pronounced in those younger than 45 years, males, larger shunts and disc design platforms (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Based on the results of this analysis of randomized trial data, percutaneous PFO closure appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke.
Mitochondrial DNA, nuclear context, and the risk for carcinogenesis
Authors: Kaufman Brett A. , Picard Martin , Sondheimer Neal
Published: January 2018

The inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to child is complicated by differences in the stability of the mitochondrial genome. Although the germ line mtDNA is protected through the minimization of replication between generations, sequence variation can occur either through mutation or due to changes in the ratio between distinct genomes that are present in the mother (known as heteroplasmy). Thus, the unpredictability in transgenerational inheritance of mtDNA may cause the emergence of pathogenic mitochondrial and cellular phenotypes in offspring. Studies of the role of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer have a long and rich history, but recent evidence strongly suggests that changes in mitochondrial genotype and phenotype play a significant role in the initiation, progression and treatment of cancer. At the intersection of these two fields lies the potential for emerging mtDNA mutations to drive carcinogenesis in the offspring. In this review, we suggest that this facet of transgenerational carcinogenesis remains underexplored and is a potentially important contributor to cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:455–462, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased scientific rigor will improve reliability of research and effectiveness of management
Authors: Sells Sarah N. , Bassing Sarah B. , Barker Kristin J. , Forshee Shannon C. , Keever Allison C. , Goerz James W. , Mitchell Michael S.
Published: January 2018

Rigorous science that produces reliable knowledge is critical to wildlife management because it increases accurate understanding of the natural world and informs management decisions effectively. Application of a rigorous scientific method based on hypothesis testing minimizes unreliable knowledge produced by research. To evaluate the prevalence of scientific rigor in wildlife research, we examined 24 issues of the Journal of Wildlife Management from August 2013 through July 2016. We found 43.9% of studies did not state or imply a priori hypotheses, which are necessary to produce reliable knowledge. We posit that this is due, at least in part, to a lack of common understanding of what rigorous science entails, how it produces more reliable knowledge than other forms of interpreting observations, and how research should be designed to maximize inferential strength and usefulness of application. Current primary literature does not provide succinct explanations of the logic behind a rigorous scientific method or readily applicable guidance for employing it, particularly in wildlife biology; we therefore synthesized an overview of the history, philosophy, and logic that define scientific rigor for biological studies. A rigorous scientific method includes 1) generating a research question from theory and prior observations, 2) developing hypotheses (i.e., plausible biological answers to the question), 3) formulating predictions (i.e., facts that must be true if the hypothesis is true), 4) designing and implementing research to collect data potentially consistent with predictions, 5) evaluating whether predictions are consistent with collected data, and 6) drawing inferences based on the evaluation. Explicitly testing a priori hypotheses reduces overall uncertainty by reducing the number of plausible biological explanations to only those that are logically well supported. Such research also draws inferences that are robust to idiosyncratic observations and unavoidable human biases. Offering only post hoc interpretations of statistical patterns (i.e., a posteriori hypotheses) adds to uncertainty because it increases the number of plausible biological explanations without determining which have the greatest support. Further, post hoc interpretations are strongly subject to human biases. Testing hypotheses maximizes the credibility of research findings, makes the strongest contributions to theory and management, and improves reproducibility of research. Management decisions based on rigorous research are most likely to result in effective conservation of wildlife resources. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre
Authors: Lange Corey J. , Ballard Bart M. , Collins Daniel P.
Published: January 2018

Freshwater ponds adjacent to the Laguna Madre along the lower Texas coast provide an important and heavily used source of fresh water for the redhead (Aythya americana) throughout winter. A 267‐turbine wind farm was constructed within the core wintering area of the redhead on a private ranch along the western coast of the Laguna Madre, in 2010. Our objective was to investigate the effects of this wind farm on the habitat and potential displacement of redheads and their use of coastal ponds along the lower Texas coast. We conducted weekly aerial surveys to monitor coastal pond use by wintering redheads from mid‐October through mid‐March during pre‐construction (2000–2003) and post‐construction (2012–2014) of the wind farm. Pond availability and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) within the wind farm were significantly correlated during pre‐construction (n = 16, R2 = 0.53, P = 0.035) and post‐construction (n = 11, R2 = 0.64, P = 0.003). However, the number of ponds available at each PDSI level within the wind farm decreased during post‐construction (paired t = 3.2, n = 5, P = 0.033). The average number of redheads detected per survey on coastal ponds within the wind farm decreased by 77% from pre‐construction to post‐construction. Redhead abundance on ponds across the entire Laguna Madre increased by an average of 3.26 times between pre‐construction and post‐construction, partly due to increases in the continental redhead population. It appears that the wind farm has altered the use of coastal ponds by redheads during winter. Future wind farm placement along the lower Texas coast should consider coastal pond distribution and the dynamics of redhead use between coastal ponds and foraging areas in the Laguna Madre. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Roost site selection of western long‐eared myotis in a western juniper woodland
Authors: Anthony Christopher R. , Sanchez Dana M.
Published: January 2018

Several bat species occur in piñon (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus ssp.) woodlands across the western United States, yet factors influencing roost site selection in these vegetation communities are poorly understood. Piñon‐juniper woodlands have expanded beyond their historical geographic range in the western United States since European settlement. Many former stands of widely spaced old‐growth juniper are now crowded with younger trees. Currently, federal and state land management agencies and private landowners are removing juniper trees to restore shrub‐steppe for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) across its geographic range, with little understanding of the treatment effects on roost site selection by bats. We used radio‐telemetry to examine roost site selection of western long‐eared myotis (Myotis evotis) at 3 spatial scales (roost, plot, and home range) during the breeding season. We attached radio‐transmitters to 32 individuals and located 92 day roost sites for 25 different individuals. Lactating females selected rock crevices as roosts more frequently than tree cavities, whereas males used tree roosts and rock roosts more evenly. The majority of tree roosts were in pre‐settlement trees that had at least 1 cavity. The odds that a tree was selected as a roost site increased with the number of available tree roosts within 17.8 m of the roost site. Preference by lactating females for rock roost sites increased with the number of available rock roosts within 5 m of the roost site and decreased with distance from water. Preference by males for rock roosts decreased if the roost was a single rock compared to an aggregate of rocks, increased with the number of available roosts within 5 m of the roost site, decreased with distance from water, and increased with area of pre‐settlement juniper woodland within 1 km of the roost site. These results provide support for protecting pre‐settlement juniper trees and rock formations near water sources in juniper woodlands to conserve existing populations of western long‐eared myotis during the breeding season. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of deer in a suburban landscape
Authors: Crawford Joanne C. , Dechen Quinn Amy , Williams David M. , Rudolph Brent A. , Scribner Kim T. , Porter William F.
Published: January 2018

Hunting regulations traditionally applied to manage deer populations in rural areas are not well suited to management in heavily populated suburban landscapes. We evaluated the spatial genetic structure of a suburban deer population to assess the feasibility of localized management at the scale of social groups. We used fecal DNA from white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in suburban Michigan to determine whether deer in suburban landscapes maintain the matrilineal social structure that has been observed in studies of rural deer. We amplified 7 microsatellite loci from fecal pellets (n = 591) collected from August to October 2013 on public and private lands throughout Meridian Township, Ingham County, central Michigan, USA. Based on multi‐locus genotypes, we identified individuals, quantified the extent of spatial genetic structure at multiple spatial scales, identified the location and spatial extent of aggregations of related females and males, and estimated genetic neighborhood size. We also used landscape genetic analyses to evaluate associations between measures of land cover, edge density, the presence of major roads, and inter‐individual genetic distance. Spatial genetic autocorrelation was positive and significant up to a distance of 0.5 km. We did not detect correlations between landscape variables and inter‐individual genetic distance. Results indicate that deer in suburban landscapes exhibit familial structure reported for deer in more rural areas, albeit at a smaller spatial scale, and with substantial overlap among groups. Management at the spatial scales of genetically related groups of deer may be feasible in suburban communities. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Otolaryngology/head and neck region manifestations of Brucella
Authors: Lazutkin Anna , Korem Maya , Weinberger Jeffrey M. , Eliashar Ron , Hirshoren Nir
Published: January 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

Patients with Brucella infection present with nonspecific symptoms originating from different organs. In this study, we investigated the manifestations involving principally the otolaryngology/head and neck region.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort chart review.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with brucellosis in a tertiary medical center. Medical records of 55 patients treated for positive Brucella blood cultures between 2007 and 2016 were analyzed. Clinical manifestations localized to the otolaryngology/head and neck region were evaluated.

Results

Most patients (78%) in our study group lived in rural areas. There was an almost equal gender distribution and a wide age range (2–77 years). Nonspecific symptoms, including fever (71%), fatigue (31%), weight loss (20%), and night sweats (32.7%) were the most common. Of the specific organ systems affected by Brucella, the osteoarthritic system was most commonly infected (45.5%). Three patients (5.5%) presented with predominantly localized otolaryngology/head and neck region symptoms, consisting of necrotic lymphadenopathy or a thyroid abscess. All patients underwent drainage procedures, and the diagnosis was confirmed by positive blood and pus cultures. Complete resolution was achieved with prolonged antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions

Brucella infection should be suspected in patients with nonspecific constitutional symptoms associated with neck lymphadenopathy or thyroid abscess, especially in those living in rural areas. A high index of suspicion is mandatory for proper diagnosis and treatment. Formal drainage and prolonged antibiotic treatments are required. We strongly recommend simple drainage and not excision as the mainstay of surgical treatment.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:2056–2059, 2018
Oblique thyroarytenoid muscle in humans: An independent muscle or an accessory belly?
Authors: Lee Shin‐Hyo , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul
Published: January 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and morphological variations of the oblique thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in humans.

Study Design

Cadaveric anatomic dissections.

Methods

One hundred hemilarynges from 50 formalin‐embalmed cadavers were dissected to investigate the morphology of muscle fibers of the TA muscle.

Results

Thirty‐six (36%) hemilarynges were found to have a distinct oblique belly superficial to the TA muscle. In 28 cases, the belly had a relatively constant origin and an insertion that extended straight onto the TA muscle from the anterosuperior area of the internal surface of the thyroid lamina to the base of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. Eight cases were located in a similar area but with some differences in the origin or insertion features.

Conclusions

We proposed that the oblique TA muscle has a high prevalence and probably acts to close and relax the vocal cords. It remains to be determined whether the oblique TA muscle is an independent muscle or an accessory belly of the main TA muscle.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:1634–1638, 2018
Current and future management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Ivancic Ryan , Iqbal Hassan , deSilva Brad , Pan Quintin , Matrka Laura
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract that occurs in both children and adults. It is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular low‐risk HPV6 and HPV11, and aggressiveness varies among patients. RRP remains a chronic disease that is difficult to manage. This review provides perspectives on current and future management of RRP.

Results

The current standard of care is surgical excision, with adjuvant therapies as needed. Surgical management of RRP has evolved with the introduction of microdebriders and photoangiolytic lasers; the latter can now be used in the office setting. Numerous adjuvant pharmacologic therapies have been utilized with some success. Also, exciting preliminary data show that HPV vaccines may prolong the time to recurrence in the RRP population. There is also optimism that wide‐spread HPV vaccination could reduce RRP incidence indirectly by preventing vertical HPV transmission to newborns.

Conclusion

To date, the biology of RRP is not well understood, although it has been noted to become more aggressive in the setting of immune suppression. Additional research is needed to better understand immune system dysfunction in RRP such that immunomodulatory approaches may be developed for RRP management.

Level of Evidence

4
A theoretical study on cyclacenes: Analytical tight‐binding approach
Authors: Battaglia Stefano , Le Hai‐Anh , Bendazzoli Gian Luigi , Faginas‐Lago Noelia , Leininger Thierry , Evangelisti Stefano
Published: January 2018

We present a theoretical study of cyclacene molecules performed at tight‐binding level. The orbital energies and eigenvectors have been analytically computed, and exact expressions for the axial component of the total position spread and polarizability tensors have been obtained. In absence of dimerization, the system has a Dnh symmetry, where n is the number of hexagonal units. The energy bands present no gap at the Fermi level, and to this fact it corresponds a diverging (per‐electron) polarizability for
in the direction of the system symmetry axis. The two (degenerate) components of the polarizability on the σh symmetry plane, conversely, remain finite for
. The total position spread tensor presents a qualitatively different behavior, since all the three components of the position spread per electron remain finite for
. The results are analyzed and discussed for both axial and planar components separately as these are affected differently with respect to the increasing system size. Both dipole polarizability and total position spread have been computed using an ab initio approach for the smallest systems, to compare the analytical tight‐binding expressions with a higher‐level theory.
Physical and mechanical properties of plasticized butenediol vinyl alcohol copolymer/thermoplastic starch blend
Authors: Jung Bich Nam , Kang Dong Ho , Shim Jin Kie , Hwang Sung Wook
Published: January 2018

The poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) is an eco‐friend polymer and has an excellent oxygen barrier property due to its strong intermolecular force, but difficulty in processing with conventional extrusion process gives it a limitation for various industrial applications, especially packaging industry. Many studies have attempted to plasticize PVOH to improve its processability, but high cost of PVOH is still drawback for a variety of industrial applications. Therefore, PVOH often blended with other biodegradable polymers such as starch to acquire the cost benefit. Nowadays, the butenediol vinyl alcohol copolymer (BVOH) is getting a great attention due to its melt processability and bio‐degradability, but its high cost is barrier to the industrial application as well. In this study, thermoplastic starch (TPS)/plasticized BVOH (P‐BVOH) were prepared by melt mixing technique, and the plasticization effect of glycerol on starch and BVOH with different composition was observed for optimized processing condition. Based on our preliminary study, TPS was blended with varying amount of P‐BVOH (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 weight ratio). Physical, oxygen barrier, and mechanical properties of the TPS/P‐BVOH blends were evaluated by various analytical instruments to achieve balanced property and performance. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:109–116, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polylactide/organoclay nanocomposites: The effect of organoclay types on the structure development and the kinetic of cold crystallization
Authors: Haji Abdolrsaouli Mehdi , Babaei Amir , Kaschta Joachim , Nazockdat Hossein
Published: January 2018

Polylactide (PLA)/organoclay composites were prepared by melt compounding with 4 phr of two different types of organoclays (cloisite 20A and cloisite 30B). Structure development and nonisothermal kinetic of cold crystallization of PLA/organoclay nanocomposites were examined by using of X‐ray diffraction technique, transmission electron microscopy, melt viscoelastic measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry. XRD results demonstrated that the melt intercalation of PLA chains into the cloisite 30B and cloisite 20A galleries was achieved to the same extent. However, it was shown that, PLA/cloisite 20A sample exhibited a significant viscosity upturn and a pronounced nonterminal low frequency storage modulus whose values were greater than those of PLA/cloisite 30B nanocomposite. A detailed analysis of the linear melt viscoelastic properties for the filled and unfilled samples at low frequencies was conducted by fitting the complex viscosity and storage modulus data with Carreau–Yasuda and Fractional Zener models, respectively. The glass transition, cold crystallization, melting temperature, and degree of crystallinity of virgin PLA and PLA/organoclay nanocomposites were inspected. Subsequently, the cold crystallization kinetics was analyzed by Avrami, Jezioney, and Lauritzen–Hoffman kinetic models. It was shown that, the crystallization rate followed Avrami equation with the exponent n around 2.4. From Lauritzen–Hoffman equation and Kissinger model, the nucleation parameter Kg and activation energy were estimated, respectively. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:48–58, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Wildlife biology, big data, and reproducible research
Authors: Lewis Keith P. , Vander Wal Eric , Fifield David A.
Published: January 2018

Changes in technology have made it possible to gather vast amounts of data, often of high quality, that in turn can improve the quality of wildlife biology. However, with this growth in data, practices such as data management, exploratory data analysis, data‐sharing, and reproducibility of an analysis have become increasingly complex. These practices often depend heavily on computer scripting languages, and are often hidden from the peer‐review process despite their influence on the final results. Although these issues have been discussed in the literature, they are generally dealt with in a piecemeal fashion, preventing synthesis, and thereby slowing progress. We offer a conceptual framework to illustrate relationships among these practices, and show where wildlife biology as a field has embraced these changes, where awareness is growing, and where it lags behind other fields. We then present several case studies to emphasize the importance of adopting these practices. Any of these case studies could have been conducted with little attention to these practices or employing scripting languages, but there are many disadvantages to this approach including increased chance of errors, inefficiency, and lack of reproducibility. We suggest that a change in the culture of how wildlife biology is conducted is required and that this change will be fostered by integrating these practices into wildlife biology education, implementation, and embracing the idea of open data and open computer code. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The Future of American Archaeology
Authors: Klein Terry H. , Goldstein Lynne , Gangloff Deborah , Lees William B. , Ryzewski Krysta , Styles Bonnie W. , Wright Alice P.
Published: January 2018

Over the past several years, we have seen many attacks on publicly funded and mandated archaeology in the United States. These attacks occur at the state level, where governors and state legislatures try to defund or outright eliminate state archaeological programs and institutions. We have also seen several attacks at the federal level. Some members of Congress showcase archaeology as a waste of public tax dollars, and others propose legislation to move federally funded or permitted projects forward without consideration of impacts on archaeological resources. These attacks continue to occur, and we expect them to increase in the future. In the past, a vigilant network of historic preservation and archaeological organizations was able to thwart such attacks. The public, however, largely remains an untapped ally. As a discipline, we have not built a strong public support network. We have not demonstrated the value of archaeology to the public, beyond a scattering of educational and informational programs. In this article, we—a group of archaeologists whose work has focused on public engagement—provide a number of specific recommendations on how to build a strong public constituency for the preservation of our nation's archaeological heritage.
CROPPING IN AN AGE OF CAPTIVE TAKING: EXPLORING EVIDENCE FOR UNCERTAINTY AND FOOD INSECURITY IN THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NORTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT
Authors: Melton Mallory A.
Published: January 2018

Engagement in sustained encounters with colonial actors had long-lasting demographic, social, and political consequences for Native American inhabitants of Southeastern North America during the colonial period (AD 1670–1783). Less clear is whether Native peoples who did not regularly trade with colonists also felt the destabilization experienced by more closely affiliated groups. This article explores Native lifeways in the seventeenth-century Eno River valley of the North Carolina Piedmont, a context for which archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence have produced divergent narratives. While extant archaeological findings suggest that daily life from 1650 to 1680 continued virtually unchanged from the preceding Late Woodland period, ethnohistoric accounts indicate that this area was victimized by Native slavers who abducted countless women and children. Seeking to reconcile these narratives, I conducted a diachronic analysis of botanical remains and architecture. Archaeobotanical data reveal that Jenrette site (AD 1650–1680) occupants adopted foodways that differed significantly from those of their Late Woodland predecessors, while architectural evidence indicates a brief village occupation. I argue that Eno River valley inhabitants introduced risk-averse subsistence practices that would have aided in coping with the threat and consequences of slave raiding and that these practices occurred within a social climate of fear and uncertainty that is documented ethnohistorically.
HOPEWELL BLADELETS: A BAYESIAN RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS
Authors: Miller G. Logan
Published: January 2018

Hopewell bladelets may be the most common diagnostic artifact of the Hopewell Interaction Sphere. As such, they are often recognized as a Middle Woodland “index fossil” and a key materialized indication of Hopewell ceremonialism. However, few formal analyses of their occurrence across space and time exist. Drawing on published reports, as well as an extensive review of the unpublished gray literature, I present a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon-dated, bladelet-bearing features from across Ohio. The Bayesian model provides insight into previously unrecognized temporal variation in this element of Hopewell material culture. Results indicate that bladelets are present from around the BC/AD switch to nearly AD 500 in certain portions of the state. Analysis by major drainages indicates that bladelets occur earliest in southern and central Ohio before subsequently spreading north to the Lake Erie region. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in artifact classes such as Hopewell bladelets is essential to explaining prehistoric cultural processes.
Design and analysis of a propulsion mechanism using modular umbrella-like wings
Authors: Gao F. , Lv J. G. , Zhang X. C.
Published: January 2018

This article describes the design and evaluation of a new type of propulsion mechanism that uses modular umbrella-like wings oscillating symmetrically in counterphase to generate thrust. The principle of the propulsion and movement of the modular umbrella-like wings was first developed, and the mechanism used to implement the movement of the modular wings was subsequently designed. A structural model and the assembly relationship of the propulsion mechanism were developed for prototype fabrication. An experiment was established to measure the kinematic and mechanical performances of the propulsion mechanism for different reciprocating frequencies and travels. The results for the single umbrella-like wing indicate that either increasing the frequency or enlarging the travel can enhance the average aerodynamic force generated by the wing in one cycle. The results for the modular umbrella-like wings demonstrate that the inertial force generated by the mechanism can be balanced using a symmetrical structure. The average aerodynamic force would be markedly enhanced by increasing the percentage of the time that the outspread wing is moving downwards; e.g. the average aerodynamic force generated by the modular umbrella-like wings was increased by 85.84% compared to the value for a single umbrella-like wing for the same travel and frequency. This work provides practical guidance for optimising the structure design.
Compliant structures based on stiffness asymmetry
Authors: Wang C. , Khodaparast H. H. , Friswell M. I. , Shaw A. D.
Published: January 2018

One of the key problems in the development of morphing aircraft is the morphing structure, which should be able to carry loads and change its geometry simultaneously. This paper investigates a compliant structure, which has the potential to change the dihedral angle of morphing wing-tip devices. The compliant structure is able to induce deformation by unsymmetrical stiffness allocation and carry aerodynamic loads if the total stiffness of the structure is sufficient.

The concept has been introduced by building a simplified model of the structure and deriving the analytical equations. However, a properly designed stiffness asymmetry, which is optimised, can help to achieve the same deformation with a reduced actuation force.

In this paper, round corrugated panels are used in the compliant structure and the stiffness asymmetry is introduced by changing the geometry of the corrugation panel. A new equivalent model of the round corrugated panel is developed, which takes the axial and bending coupling of the corrugated panel into account. The stiffness matrix of the corrugated panel is obtained using the equivalent model, and then the deflections of the compliant structure can be calculated. The results are compared to those from detailed finite element models built in the commercial software Abaqus. Samples with different geometries were manufactured for experimental tests.

After verifying the equivalent model, optimisation is performed to find the optimum geometries of the compliant structures. The actuation force of a single compliant structure is first optimised, and then the optimisation is performed for a compliant structure consisting of multiple units. A case study is used to show the performance improvement obtained.
Presidential Tariff Authority
Authors: Veroneau John K. , Gibson Catherine H.
Published: January 2018

As part of the “America First” agenda discussed in his inaugural address, President Donald J. Trump promised that “[e]very decision” on trade, among other areas, would be “made to benefit American workers and American families.” During its first months, the Trump Administration made a number of trade moves apparently in connection with this “America First” trade agenda, including initiating national security investigations into steel and aluminum imports under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and preparing an “omnibus” report on trade deficits. The Trump Administration also took steps to alter U.S. treaty relationships, by withdrawing from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, announcing the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and requesting a special session of a joint committee created under the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement. In August 2017, President Trump continued this course—and indicated a willingness to take unilateral action against U.S. trading partners—by signing a presidential memorandum directing the United States Trade Representative to determine whether China's treatment of U.S. intellectual property warranted investigation under Section 301 et seq. of the Trade Act of 1974.
Unhealthy consumerism: The challenge of trading off price and quality in health care
Authors: BARASZ KATE , UBEL PETER A.
Published: January 2018

Over the last decade, health care in many parts of the world has shifted toward a more patient-centric, consumeristic model, marked by an emphasis on choice and a proliferation of typical consumer-facing information (e.g. price and quality data). However, while the ‘patients as consumers’ perspective is an apt one, there are crucial differences between health care and typical consumer domains that warrant special consideration by policy-makers and researchers alike. This article discusses some of these differences and explores the challenges that consumers (i.e. patients) face when making trade-offs between price and quality.