bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ilse Aichingers Roman Die größere Hoffnung in slowenischer Übersetzung
Authors: Petrič Tanja
Published: October 2016

In the introductory part, statistical analyses of previous studies, interviews with translators and data from the Slovenian national bibliographical database are used to evaluate the reception of Ilse Aichinger’s works in Slovenia. The article presents the role and position of the translation of the novel Die größere Hoffnung from the year 2003, published by the Austrian-Slovenian publishing house Mohorjeva druzˇba /Hermagoras Verein in Klagenfurt, and its Slovenian radio adaptation in the year 1972. The second part of the paper examines the degrees of equivalence and adequacy between the two translations and the original at different levels of the text on the basis of a critical comparative analysis. Despite occasional deviations, both Slovenian versions can be considered to be satisfactory.
„Denn mit dem Pogrom war ich und werde gewesen sein“
Authors: Venzl Tilman
Published: October 2016

Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition is juxtaposed to Lotte Paepcke’s descriptions of the disrespect for Jews in Germany from the Weimar Republic, through the Third Reich, to the Federal Republic. While Paepcke’s depiction of the transitional time to National Socialism can be well understood in terms of Honneth’s theory as a continuous erosion of the various spheres of recognition, the theory is not fully adequate to describe her position on the German politics of memory of the postwar period. Paepcke is convinced that a renewed recognition of Jews in Germany after the Shoah can only be obtained by a broad acceptance of the concept of ‘negative symbiosis’ (Dan Diner), both publicly and individually.
Allogenität und assemblage
Authors: Wagner Benno
Published: October 2016

Kafka’s frequently interpreted castle-village topology connects to a series of contemporary neo-mythologies that aim to re-establish a dualistic (‘allogeneic’, in Blüher’s terms) reading of the social. There, the ‘secondary life’ of the everyday world can once more be distinguished from a ‘primary life’ defined as an enhanced state of being in religious or heroic terms. However, instead of merely criticizing or deconstructing these totalizing discourses (by authors such as Martin Buber, Werner Sombart, and Hans Blüher), Kafka’s novel allows us to understand their epochal attraction by carefully retracing them as assemblages in terms of actor network theory.
Erlebnishunger, Erschöpfung und Metaphysik
Authors: Priem Karin
Published: October 2016

The philosopher and educationalist Eduard Spranger (1882–1963) is said to be one of the last German mandarins of the Weimar Republic and after World War II. Based on analysis of his correspondence with his most important female friend, this article examines three facets of Spranger’s attitude towards the historical presence of 1913: (1) the banality of life and desire for grandeur; (2) exhaustion and malady; and (3) the longing for adventure and metaphysical beliefs.
Warum 1913? Zur Fortsetzung des Themenschwerpunkts „Das Jahr 1913 in Geschichte und Gegenwart“
Authors: Werner Meike G.
Published: October 2016

Asking the question »Why 1913?« the introduction to the second part of the thematic focus »The Year 1913 in History and in the Present« presents and contextualizes the scholarship on 1913 starting with David Sarason’s
Analysis of Media Consumption among Polish and Russian Students
Authors: Łyszkowska Edyta
Published: October 2016

Living in the contemporary world the man adapts his knowledge and capabilities to various technological forms which are imposed on him as a result of technological progress and development. Younger and younger generations use technological innovations more and more smoothly, living with them almost round-the-clock. The topic of this paper is media consumption by the students. The paper describes surveys of the consumption of TV, internet and other media (e.g. mobile telephony) by the Polish and Russian students and analyses the purpose of their use in their private lives and in student work. In young generations the borderlines between real and virtual worlds tend to become more and more blurred because of growing consumption of spare time. Media consumption has its numerous advantages and disadvantages. The technological development is made at the expense of addictions of young people and lower labour efficiency. This issue is addressed by more and more European countries. On the other hand, smooth consumption of new media creates a lot of interesting opportunities and allows to tap hidden potential of the worker to the benefit of the company he works for. It turns out that Poland and Russia have a lot in common. The surveys show that a lot of similarities are in media consumption, since both Polish and Russian students tend to spend more of their spare time with the media. Some differences are driven by various degrees of individual media consumption and by their popularity.
Sustainability Leadership for Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry in Mazatlán Mexico
Authors: Ibarra Michel Juan Pedro , Ibarra Michel Mireya , Gálvez Bon Luz Cecilia , Soto Karass José Guadalupe
Published: October 2016

In recent years sustainability has become an important issue in business in a variety of industries. Those companies that succeed to integrate a fair balance between economic interests and the concerns about environment and social equity have had to integrate a core of sustainability values that guide their behavior in the way to do business. The leaders of the organizations have to design strategies not just to add value to their products or services, but to match the new frame of ethical and moral values of the company. This new way to do business is having a deep impact in the competitiveness of organizations as a result of the savings in the supply chain and in the way they are perceived by consumers and society. The postmodern vision of the business organization has incorporated new and far-reaching modifications to the traditional view of leadership resulting in a new type called “sustainability leadership”. This work uses a case study mixed method research will focus on determining and analyzing the characteristics of this new kind of leadership and its relationship with competitiveness in a very traditional and influencing hotel of Mazatlán, an important tourist destination of Mexico, which has been successful in reaching sustainability certifications for a number of years. The study will show the perception of key informants about the leadership and its degree of success regarding the business competitiveness and sustainability issues. It will also show the degree of fulfillment of sustainability according to an instrument designed for this purpose.
Disorders of sex development in children in KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa: 20-year experience in a tertiary centre
Authors: Ganie Yasmeen , Aldous Colleen , Balakrishna Yusentha , Wiersma Rinus
Published: October 2016

Background:

The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and aetiological diagnosis in children with disorders of sex development (DSDs) presenting to a tertiary referral centre.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of all cases of DSD referred to the Paediatric Endocrine Unit in Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) from January 1995 to December 2014.

Results:

A total of 416 children (15.1%; CI: 13.8%–16.5%) were diagnosed with DSD. The aetiological diagnosis based on the current classification [Lawson Wilkins Paediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) and European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE)] was sex chromosome DSD in 9.5% (n=33), 46 XX DSD in 33% (n=114) and 46 XY DSD in 57.5% (n=199). The most common diagnoses in descending order were a disorder in androgen synthesis and action (not classified) in 53% (n=182), ovotesticular DSD in 22% (n=75) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in 10% (n=36). Overall the median age of presentation was 10 months (IQR: 1 month–4.5 years). There was a significant relationship (p<0.001) between the age of presentation and aetiological diagnosis. The majority (97%) of African patients had a diagnosis of 46 XX DSD. Prematurity was present in 47% (n=83) of children with 46 XY DSD (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

DSD is not an uncommon diagnosis in African patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common aetiological diagnosis is 46 XY DSD in androgen synthesis and action, followed by ovotesticular DSD. CAH is only the third most common disorder.
Innovation enablers: A review of Turkish contractors’ collaborative activities and sources of information
Authors: Ilter A. Tolga
Published: October 2016

This study attempts to examine the differences in the collaborative activities between the Turkish contracting firms that are listed as the “Top 225 International Contractors” byEngineering News Record(ENR), according to their international revenues, and other large contracting firms that are not on this list. For this purpose, 30 large-scale Turkish general contracting firms, including 15 listed by the ENR, have been examined in terms of their collaborations during the innovation process as well as the levels of significance for the sources of information that serve as the means of “sources of innovation”. Results show some remarkable differences between the top-listed firms and other largescale contracting companies. The levels of importance indicated for the collaborations made with “universities and research institutions” and the sources of information “conferences, fairs and exhibitions” and “scientific/technical publications” show remarkable differences between the two groups of companies. Contractors who are not ENR listed are more active in making collaborations. While the number of collaborations is increasing in the timeline, both groups of contractors indicate the most important collaborations as “consultants, private R&D institutions” and “suppliers”. Findings also show a decreasing interest against collaborations with universities. Finally, findings of the research are discussed in the context of innovation, expecting to contribute to international contracting firms in evaluating their innovation approaches to their competitive advantage.
A novel biobased polyester plasticizer prepared from palm oil and its plasticizing effect on poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Jia Puyou , Zhang Meng , Hu Lihong , Zhou Yonghong
Published: October 2016

In this study, palm oil was the first time to convert into a novel polyester plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In the first stage, palm oil was converted into palm oil monoglyceride (POM) by alcoholysis with glycerol. Next, a novel palm oil monoglycerides based polyester plasticizer (POMP) was synthesized from POM and maleic anhydride through esterification and condensation reaction. The structure of POMP was characterized with FTIR, 1H NMR and GPC. Then PVC blends were prepared using POMP as a plasticizer, melting behavior, thermal property, compatibility, mechanical properties and mechanism of plasticization of PVC blends were systematically studied. Melting behavior indicated that POMP could decrease the torque and the melt viscosity of PVC blends that was conducive to process. With the content of POMP increasing from 5 g to 15 g in PVC blends, the plasticized PVC blends demonstrated better compatibility, the degradation temperature (Td) increased from 252.6°C to 257.0°C, the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased from 55°C to 49.5°C. Plasticization was put into effect by interaction of the electron cloud between the PVC chain and POMP molecule. This study may lead to the development of new type of PVC plasticizer based on vegetable oil.
Effects of Neuromedin S on the Proliferation of Splenic Lymphocytes and the Cytokine Secretion by Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages in Pigs in vitro
Authors: Lin R. , Wang Q. , Qi B. , Huang Y. , Yang G.
Published: October 2016

Neuromedin S (NMS), a 36-amino acid neuropeptide, has been found to be involved in the regulation of the endocrine activity. It has been also detected in immune tissues in mammals, what suggests that NMS may play an important role in the regulation of immune response. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of NMS receptor 1 (NMU1R) and effect of NMS in pig splenic lymphocytes (SPLs) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The presence of NMU1R in pig SPLs and PAMs was respectively confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis and immunocytochemical methods. Furthermore, SPL proliferation was analyzed using the 3-(4,5)-dimethyl-thiahiazo-(-2-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) method. Additionally, the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PAMs was all measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In the present study, the results of RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that NMU1R mRNA and protein were both expressed in pig SPLs and PAMs, and the immunocytochemical investigations further revealed that the positive signal of NMU1R immunoreactivity was observed in plasma membranes of both SPLs and PAMs. In the in vitro study, we found that at concentrations of 0.001-1000 nM NMS alone or combined with lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin significantly increased SPL proliferation. Application of ELISA method showed that NMS could induce the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in PAMs. These results suggest that NMS can act as a potently positive pro-inflammatory factor and immunomodulatory agent that affects the immune response of immune cells by combining with its receptor NMU1R.
Application of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Milk of Cows with Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Banach T. , Bochniarz M. , Łyp P. , Adaszek Ł. , Wawron W. , Furmaga B. , Skrzypczak M. , Ziętek J. , Winiarczyk S.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to use matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. The study material consisted of 33 isolates of CNS, identified by the results of API Staph tests, obtained from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. Based on the spectra analyses, MALDI-TOF MS tests of 33 bacterial samples allowed identification of the microorganisms in 27 cases (81.8%). The most frequent cause of subclinical mastitis was found to beStaphylococcussciuri (39%), whileS. vitulinuswas detected in 15% of the milk samples. The results obtained indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used for the identification of CNS isolated from bovine mastitis as a method supplementary to biochemical tests.
Hydraulic Parameters and Morphometric Variables Interactions in Bedrock Channel
Authors: Biswas Biswajit , Chandra Das Balai
Published: October 2016

Present study is on the interdependent nature of hydraulic parameters and morphometric variables of a bedrock river. In this study, using dumpy level, GPS, satellite images and some mathematical equations a data set on hydraulics and morphometric variables of a bedrock channel, named Bhatajhor, of eastern India was generated. That data set was used to (1) find out impulse-response relations between hydraulic variables (2) find out relations between morphometric variables and (3) find out relations between hydraulic and morphometric variables. Seven equations (5–11) were formulated based on this empirical study to the end. The seven empirical relations, most of which include only two variables, involve channel cross-section dimensions (area, width, mean depth, maximum depth, width/depth ratio, hydraulic radius), slope and hydraulic variables (velocity, kinetic energy, stream power, Manning’snfactor, Chezy’s C factor and shear stress). Observation shows relatively higher coefficient of determination (R2) between variables like velocity and Manning’snfactor (0.67), velocity and Chezy’s C factor (0.67), slope and τ (0.89), w/d ratio and hydraulic radius (0.53), slope and w/d ratio (0.50).
Investigation of spectral interference effects on determination of uranium concentration in phosphate ore by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Bachari Ayoob H. , Jalali Fatemeh , Alahyarizadeh Ghasem
Published: October 2016

Effects of spectral interferences on determination of the uranium concentration in phosphate ore were investigated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Eleven high intensity emission lines including four lines recommended by ICP-OES apparatus were chosen to determine the uranium concentration. The ore samples were collected from phosphate acid producing industry in the south of Iran. Three different acid combinations [(HNO3:HCl:HF-2:6:2), (H3PO4:H2SO4:HF-3:3:3), (HNO3:H2O2:HF-4:2:2)] used in microwave digestion method to explore the spectral interference effects in different solvent environments. The results showed that the trusty uranium concentration, obtained in the 367.007 nm, 386.592 nm, 389.036 nm and 409.014 nm by second acid digestion method which were 0.665 ppm, 0.972 ppm, 0.670 ppm and 0.801 ppm, respectively. Although the line of 409.014 nm was reported as the best line for determining of the uranium concentration in several literatures, the results showed that this line has a significant spectral interference with vanadium in some ores which should be considered in determining of the uranium concentration. Spectral interference effects of some elements which have high concentrations in the phosphate ore including Ca, Fe, Mg, Pb, V, Mn, and Ti on the line intensities were also investigated. Results indicated that the chosen elements affect emission intensities of all of 11 lines. They also indicated that the line of 409.014 nm provides a trusty precision in the determination of the uranium concentration in the ore sample with low vanadium concentration (at least, U/V ratio of 1:5). Results show that the line of 409.014 nm provides acceptable precision with some corrections in comparison with other selected lines. For instance in high concentrations of other elements including Fe and Ti in the ore samples, strong influences on the line intensities of the 367.007 nm (by Fe self-absorption), 386.592 nm (by Ti in high concentration), and 389.036 nm (by Fe self-absorption) were considered.
Perinatal health in the Danube region – new birth cohort justified
Authors: Knudsen Lisbeth E. , Andersen Zorana J. , Sram Radim J. , Braun Kohlová Markéta , Gurzau Eugen S. , Fucic Aleksandra , Gribaldo Laura , Rossner Pavel , Rossnerova Andrea , Máca Vojtěch , Zvěřinová Iva , Gajdosova Dagmar , Moshammer Hanns , Rudnai Peter , Ščasný Milan
Published: October 2016

In 2013–2015, a consortium of European scientists – NEWDANUBE – was established to prepare a birth cohort in the Danube region, including most of the countries with the highest air pollution in Europe, the area being one-fifth of the European Union’s (EU’s) territory, including 14 countries (nine EU member states), over 100 million inhabitants, with numerous challenges: big socioeconomic disparities, and a region-specific environmental pollution. The consortium reflects the EU Strategy for the Danube Region Strategy (2010), which identified 11 thematic Priority Areas – one of which is the environmental risks. Birth cohorts have been established in all other areas of Europe and collaborative efforts in promoting maternal and fetal health by minimizing the environmental exposures have been initiated with national, European, and international financial support. A birth cohort in the Danube area could apply the established methodologies for prenatal exposure and birth outcome measurements and establish a platform for targeted health promotion in couples planning pregnancies. The consortium included a strong socioeconomic part focusing on the participant’s active registration of exposures to environmental toxicants and health indicators of disease and wellbeing, combined with investigation of their risk-reducing behavior and interventions to change their lifestyle to avoid the adverse health risks. Willingness to pay for reducing the health risks in children is also proposed to be estimated. Further collaboration and networking is encouraged as the Danube region has several decades of experience and expertise in biomonitoring adult populations exposed environmentally or occupationally. Additionally, some countries in the Danube region launched small-scale birth cohorts encouraged by participation in several ongoing research projects.
Highway to thermosensation: a traced review, from the proteins to the brain
Authors: Ezquerra-Romano Ivan , Ezquerra Angel
Published: October 2016

Temperature maintenance and detection are essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. This review is focused on thermosensation; thus a detailed and traced explanation of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of each component of this sensation is given. First, the proteins that react to temperature changes are identified; next, the nature of the neurons involved in thermosensation is described; and then, the pathways from the skin through the spinal cord to the brain are outlined. Finally, the areas of the brain and their interconnections where thermoperception arises are explained. Transduction of the external and internal temperature information is essentially mediated by the transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs). These proteins are embedded in the neurons’ membrane and they hyper- or de-polarize neurons in function of the intrinsic voltage and the temperature changes. There are distinct TRP sensors for different temperature ranges. Interestingly, the primary afferent neurons have either cold or hot receptors, so they are dedicated separately to cold or hot sensation. The information is transmitted by different pathways from the skin to the brain, where it either remains separated or is integrated to generate a response. It seems that both the determination of how thermoperception is produced and how we interact with the world are dependent on the particular arrangement and nature of the components, the way of transduction of information and the communication between these elements.
Cocaine Exposure Enhances the Activity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons via Calcium-Impermeable NMDARs
Authors: Creed Meaghan , Kaufling Jennifer , Fois Giulia R. , Jalabert Marion , Yuan Tifei , Lüscher Christian , Georges Francois , Bellone Camilla
Published: October 2016

Potentiation of excitatory inputs onto dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced by cocaine exposure allows remodeling of the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, which ultimately drives drug-adaptive behavior. This potentiation is mediated by changes in NMDAR and AMPAR subunit composition. It remains unknown how this synaptic plasticity affects the activity of dopamine neurons. Here, using rodents, we demonstrate that a single cocaine injection increases the firing rate and bursting activity of VTA dopamine neurons, and that these increases persist for 7 d. This enhanced activity depends on the insertion of low-conductance, Ca2+-impermeable NMDARs that contain GluN3A. Since such receptors are not capable of activating small-conductance potassium channels, the intrinsic excitability of VTA dopamine neurons increases. Activation of group I mGluRs rescues synaptic plasticity and restores small-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channel function, normalizing the firing activity of dopamine neurons. Our study characterizes a mechanism linking drug-evoked synaptic plasticity to neural activity, revealing novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that cocaine-evoked synaptic changes onto ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons leads to long-lasting increases in their burst firing. This increase is due to impaired function of Ca2+-activated small-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (SK) channels; SK channels regulate firing of VTA DA neurons, but this regulation was absent after cocaine. Cocaine exposure drives the insertion of GluN3A-containing NMDARs onto VTA DA neurons. These receptors are Ca2+-impermeable, and thus SK channels are not efficiently activated by synaptic activity. InGluN3Aknock-out mice, cocaine did not alter SK channel function or VTA DA neuron firing. This study directly links synaptic changes to increased intrinsic excitability of VTA DA neurons after cocaine, and explains how acute cocaine induces long-lasting remodeling of the mesolimbic DA system.
Involvement of pax2 in ovarian development and recrudescence of catfish: a role in steroidogenesis
Authors: Prathibha Yarikipati , Senthilkumaran Balasubramanian
Published: October 2016

PAX2, a member of paired box family, is an essential transcription factor for the organ development in vertebrates including teleosts, yet no evidence has been shown for its involvement in reproduction. To study this, partial- and/or full-length cDNA ofpax2was isolated from the ovary of catfish,Clarias batrachus, along with its other Pax family members,pax1andpax9. Tissue distribution and ontogeny expression analysis indicated the prevalence ofpax2but notpax1andpax9in ovary. Varied phase-wise expression during ovarian cycle and elevation ofpax2after human chorionic gonadotropin induction showed probable regulation by gonadotropins. Pax2 could be localized in various stages of oocytes and in follicular layer of vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic oocytes. To assess the functional significance ofpax2, transient RNA silencing was performed using primary catfish ovarian follicle culture,in vitro, and in catfish,in vivo, through ovary-targeted injection of PEI-esiRNA. Pax2 siRNA treatment reduced the expression of various transcripts related to ovarian development like signaling molecules such aswnt4andwnt5, estrogen receptors, several steroidogenic enzymes and transcription factors. These transitions in transcript levels might have been mediated by Pax2 acting upstream ofwnt4/5that may play a role in steroidogenesis and/or ovarian development along withad4bp/sf-1or by direct or indirect interaction with steroidogenic enzyme genes, which is evident from the change in the levels of serum estradiol-17β but not 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. Taken together, it seems thatpax2has a plausible role during ovarian development and/or recrudescence of catfish either directly or indirectly through Wnt signaling pathway.
Phototherapy and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Newman Thomas B. , Wickremasinghe Andrea C. , Walsh Eileen M. , Grimes Barbara A. , McCulloch Charles E. , Kuzniewicz Michael W.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Increases in both phototherapy use and the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) have been reported. One large study has suggested a strong association between them. Our objective was to quantify any association between neonatal phototherapy and DM-1 in a northern California integrated health care system.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included 499 642 children born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation in 15 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals from 1995 to 2011 and followed until March 31, 2014. We ascertained phototherapy, bilirubin levels, and other covariates from electronic records. We identified DM-1 cases using a diabetes registry and inpatient and outpatient diagnoses. We used traditional and propensity-adjusted Cox models to quantify associations.

RESULTS:

Phototherapy use increased from 2.7% in 1995 to 16.0% in 2011. DM-1 was diagnosed in 37 of 39 406 children who had received phototherapy (15.1 per 100 000 person-years; mean follow-up 6.2 years) and 712 of 460 236 who had not (18.8 per 100 000 person-years; mean follow-up 8.2 years). There was no evidence of increasing diabetes incidence. We found no association between phototherapy and DM-1 in either unadjusted analyses (incidence rate ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 1.12) or analyses adjusted for hyperbilirubinemia and other covariates (hazard ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.45). DM-1 incidence was most strongly associated with race and ethnicity, with whites at highest risk (25.6 per 100 000) and Asians at lowest risk (8.9 per 100 000).

CONCLUSIONS:

We found no evidence of increased DM-1 risk in children who had received phototherapy.
Urine Concentration and Pyuria for Identifying UTI in Infants
Authors: Chaudhari Pradip P. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:

Varying urine white blood cell (WBC) thresholds have been recommended for the presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) among young infants. These thresholds have not been studied with newer automated urinalysis systems that analyze uncentrifuged urine that might be influenced by urine concentration. Our objective was to determine the optimal urine WBC threshold for UTI in young infants by using an automated urinalysis system, stratified by urine concentration.

METHODS:

Retrospective cross-sectional study of infants aged <3 months evaluated for UTI in the emergency department with paired urinalysis and urine culture. UTI was defined as ≥50 000 colony-forming units/mL from catheterized specimens. Test characteristics were calculated across a range of WBC and leukocyte esterase (LE) cut-points, dichotomized into specific gravity groups (dilute <1.015; concentrated ≥1.015).

RESULTS:

Two-thousand seven hundred infants with a median age of 1.7 months were studied. UTI prevalence was 7.8%. Optimal WBC cut-points were 3 WBC/high-power field (HPF) in dilute urine (likelihood ratio positive [LR+] 9.9, likelihood ratio negative [LR‒] 0.15) and 6 WBC/HPF (LR+ 10.1, LR‒ 0.17) in concentrated urine. For dipstick analysis, positive LE has excellent test characteristics regardless of urine concentration (LR+ 22.1, LR‒ 0.12 in dilute urine; LR+ 31.6, LR‒ 0.22 in concentrated urine).

CONCLUSIONS:

Urine concentration should be incorporated into the interpretation of automated microscopic urinalysis in young infants. Pyuria thresholds of 3 WBC/HPF in dilute urine and 6 WBC/HPF in concentrated urine are recommended for the presumptive diagnosis of UTI. Without correction of specific gravity, positive LE by automated dipstick is a reliably strong indicator of UTI.
Efecto del estrés hídrico sobre la acumulación y distribución de biomasa en Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden
Authors: Mejía de Tafur María Sara , Zapata Claudia Marcela , Urrego John Byron , Ibarra Espinoza Dora Mónica , Leal José Joaquín
Published: October 2016

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del estrés hídrico sobre el crecimiento y distribución de biomasa del E. grandis, fueron establecidos dos experimentos en macetas a la intemperie en sitos contrastantes del Valle del Cauca, Colombia (Palmira, 23.5º C y Restrepo, 18º C), se evaluaron 4 genotipos (28-3, 18-3, 24A-5, y 19-1) a la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo (capacidad de campo (cc), ½ cc, ¼ cc y saturación) empleando un diseño de parcelas divididas, con 16 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, cubriendo la superficie de las macetas con tela plástica para evitar la entrada de agua lluvia. En las dos localidades se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos.  En Palmira las plantas acumularon mayor biomasa cuando estuvieron a cc y en Restrepo a ½ y ¼ cc. El tratamiento más limitante en ambos sitios fue el anegado. Los genotipos presentaron diferencias en la capacidad de acumular biomasa en fustes, siendo el 24A-5 y el 28-3 los que presentaron mayor peso en fustes, aunque no en hojas. Se encontró relación positiva y altamente significativa entre el área foliar y la biomasa del fuste y mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) bajo condiciones de déficit hídrico.  Sin embargo, la tolerancia al estrés ocasionó la disminución de la acumulación de biomasa, posiblemente por el gasto de energía para activar los mecanismos de defensa que se dan en mayor o menor grado según la intensidad del estrés y de otras condiciones ambientales como la temperatura.
Structural-functional model of medical students’ professional-applied physical training
Authors: Petryshyn A.V.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: to work out and experimentally prove model of professional-applied physical training of medical higher educational establishments’ students. Material: in the research 80 students participated. In questioning physical education instructors of medical higher education establishments (n=20) participated. Results: influence of students’ professionally important characteristics on general physical fitness indicators and functional state has been shown. Directions of students’ physical fitness parameters’ individual diagnostic and control over physical education effectiveness have been offered. Volumes of physical exercises in the structure of training have been found: special training (15-20%) and competition exercises (20-30%). Conclusions: the need in raising the level of professionally important for students’ abilities has been noted: speed power, static power endurance, power endurance, coordination of arms’ movements, static balance.
Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and bioenergetic indices in boys - futsal players
Authors: Fatemeh Balbasi , Ramin Shabani , Marzieh Nazari
Published: October 2016

Background: High-intensity interval trainings (HIIT) can result in the best improvement of body fitness among athletes in the shortest possible time. The impact of HIIT on bioenergetic factors of futsal players has not been studied extensively. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of 3-week HIIT on body composition indices, maximum aerobic power, and maximum anaerobic power, anaerobic power among boys - futsal players. Material: 30 boys - futsal players (mean± SD age, 13.49±1.03 years; BMI, 20.95±1.78 kg/m2) participated in the study voluntarily. They were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. HIIT lasted for three weeks, three sessions a week for 12-36 minutes on treadmill. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), thickness of body fat, maximal aerobic power, and maximum anaerobic power were recorded before intervention and 48 hours after the final training session. Aerobic power was measured with 20-m shuttle run, and maximum anaerobic power was measured with RAST test. Paired sample t-test was used to determine pretest-posttest differences, and independent t-test was used to determine between-group differences. The significance level was set to P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences were found in weight, BMI, thickness of body fat, maximum aerobic power and maximum anaerobic power in experimental group (P = 0.001) before and after training intervention, but the change in WHR was not significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in selected body composition between experimental and control groups, but they exhibited significant differences in maximum aerobic power and maximum anaerobic power (P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, HIIT can be an effective training program for improving the performance of bioenergetic indices of futsal players. Also, it is recommended to study the effect of similar trainings with longer durations on other indices in other sports in future studies.
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Performance Evaluation Indices in General Directorate of Youth and Sport of Guilan Province with Partial Least Squares (PLS)
Authors: Hamidreza Goharrostami , Mustafa Mollaei Nejad , Rahim Ramezani Nejad , Azam Abdollahi
Published: October 2016

Purpose : to evaluate the performance evaluation the indexes of general directorate of youth and sport of Guilan province by using the BSC approach. Material : This was a descriptive and field -based survey. The population included managers and experts from the general directorate of youth and sport of Guilan province. The purposive sampling was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Content validity and reliability were approved by experts Cronbach's alpha test (0.89) respectively. For data analyzing and model fitting the structural equation modeling (SEM) with PLS software was used. Results : performance evaluation model of general directorate of youth and sport of Guilan province has four factors, 12 dimensions and 55 indicators. So that learning and development factor has 4 dimensions and 13 indicators, internal processes have 4 dimensions and 23 indicators, financial factor has 2 dimensions and 7 indicators and customer and sport results have 2 dimensions 12 indicators. Internal processes, customer and sporting results, learning and development and financial factors had coefficients of factor loading of 0.91, 0.83, 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Conclusion : We concluded that, in evaluating the performance of the organization, special attention should be paid on four studied terms and their confirmed dimensions and indicators. Based on the factor loading priority of activities and evaluation should be allocated to internal processes, customer and sporting results, learning and development and financial factors. So this index can be used to design a model to evaluate the performance of the general directorate of youth and sport of Guilan province.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE STATE ANXIETY AMONG TEAM SPORT AND INDIVIDUAL SPORT ATHLETES IN IRAN
Authors: Hossein Soltani , Zahra Hojati , Seyed Reza Attarzadeh Hossini
Published: October 2016

Purpose: With respect to the fact that every sport field has its own special nature, the aim of present study was to compare competitive state anxiety among team sport and individual sport athletes in Iran. Material: The statistic sample included 120 male athletes, 60 athletes in individual sports (wrestling, taekwondo and karate) and 60 athletes in team sports (futsal, volleyball and basketball). The research instrument employed was the Persian version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. This inventory was distributed among the subjects about 30 minutes before the first competition. Finally by one-way ANOVA data was analyzed. Results: The results indicated that the mean score of somatic anxiety and cognitive anxiety among individual sport athletes was significantly higher than that of team sport athletes (p0.05). Conclusion: It seems the being part of a team alleviates some of the pressure experienced by those who compete alone. It seems the individual sport athletes may be more exposed to evaluation and more engaged in their own skills and abilities than team sport athletes given that responsibility for performance is not distributed across several performers.
‘Dear Fabulous!’
Authors: Jagoe Caroline , Walsh Irene
Published: October 2016

Reflective practice, particularly that linked to clinical learning in the context of service learning pedagogies, has the potential to influence the development of students’ identities, particularly for students on professional courses (e.g. in healthcare contexts). Data drawn from first year speech and language therapy students’ selfdirected letters (‘Dear me…’) are analysed through the lens of a thematic content analysis, using the tool of Leximancer. This data represents twenty-one students’ written reflections on anticipated (‘before’) and completed (‘after’) interactions with a person with a communication disorder. In addition to an analysis of ‘before’ and ‘after’ reflections (via the ‘Dear me…’ letters), the analysis considers the data as an internal dialogue that takes place over time with the students’ reflective selves. The data will demonstrate a broadening view of a more ‘considered self’ and increasing acknowledgement and consideration of the ‘other’ (i.e. another person). The development of a future professional identity emerges as just one facet of identity work within the context of reflections on personal development and growth, in the safe environment of letters to self.
Epigenetic Relief Transformation in the West Curonian Upland and West Žemaičiai Plateau
Authors: Lukaitė Salomėja
Published: October 2016

The study was conducted in Highlands of Western Curland and Western Žemaičiai plateau, Skuodo district – Ylakių, Aleksandrijos, Šačių ir Skuodo parich, where it was tested Apšės, Kalties, Sarties, Spigino, Gypelkio, Luobos, Šatos ir Pragulbos rivers. Studied river valleys on flood plains, terraces and river beds at the bottom sediment samples were collected. In the laboratory they are dried, weighed and beams. Sifting have identified four groups: > 2, 2–1 1 to 0,5 and < 0,5 mm. In addition, sediment particles studied roundnees degree.
Glacial melt waters have a direct impact on the surface of the formation relief. Thanks to them, creating a negative linear shape. Glacial melt waters forms necessary for the formation of two conditions: a sufficient amount of water flowing and significant surface slope.
West Curland highland river sediments observed uneven distribution of the groups, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt water intensity. Apšė the upper basin have high fractions of sediment dispersion greater diversity than middle reaches of the basin. This indicates that the upper was intense glacial melt water erosive processes change. Meanwhile, the middle reaches of the long-term was glacial lake.
Western Žemaičiu plateau river sediments even noticeable fraction distribution, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt waters intensity. Luoba basin upstream or downstream sediment fractions of the same dispersion. This indicates that the river carried evenly glacial melt water erosive processes. Meanwhile, the lower reaches of the basin are largely dominated by fine-grained and fine sand, which indicates that there was limnoglace lake, which has affected not only Luoba river basin lowland, but Apšė river basin lowland and middle reaches.
West Curland upland furrow bottom sediment granulometry scatter in all workings are pretty even. Most sediment particles in the upper basin polished Apšė and its tributaries (Kaltis, Sartis, Vereta), while at least - Apšė down the river. There is significant correlation between the paleogeographic changes and sediment roundness degree.
Western Žemaičiu plateau sediment granulometry spread is even. All workings found in the medium category roundness particles. This reflects the conditions paleogeographic uniformity.
Museum as Educational Environment
Authors: Butkutė Jolanta
Published: October 2016

The article analysis major changes in preparation of museums’ educational programs. Such programs’ attractiveness from educational perspective, not only in terms of presenting new way of knowledge, but also as one of the way how to acquire, to learn and to use that knowledge in practical way. Educational sessions are seeking to help schoolchildren to learn in a better way, to remember particular information and strengthen it by completing practical tasks. The purposes of education are: a) to stimulate cultural, cognitive, artistic and other activities; b) to understand, remember and grasp the mea ning of the given information; c) to strengthen the newly acquainted information by completing practical tasks; d) inspirational aspect of given information; e) understanding of process and it’s phenomenon, correlation with the obtained information; f) ones’ interdisciplinary aspect. Educational programs are being modified depending on visitors’ given feedback and ones needs. The article consists of several parts. The first part analysis the spread of educational programs in museums throughout Lithuania’s municipalities. The second part analysis the spread of educational programs in museums depending on a particular educational area. The third part analysis museums’ educational programs’ need and availability in the period of 2008–2014.
The Cereal Extraction Territorial Analysis of Lithuania in 2000–2014 Years
Authors: Žvigaitytė Ieva , Bražukienė Izolda Ona
Published: October 2016

From the ancient times crop production perceived as one of the most important Lithuanian activities in relation to cereals extraction growing. The Crop Production – is “basis for agriculture" (Kaluina, 1993), in a long time this basis has formed the current agricultural situation in Lithuania.
This scientific object is cereal extraction in Lithuania. The objective is to carry out cereal extraction territorial dispersion analysis in Lithuania 2000–2014 year. This article scientific must tasks: review of scientific literature on the theme of cereal crops extraction; analyze grain extraction determinants; examine grain extraction territorial dispersion characteristics; assess grain production development prospects in Lithuania.
All the time scientists are interested cereal crops extraction in Lithuania. Scientists analyzed a lot of things, these are development stages of cereal crops, natural and social economic conditions, which caused these cultures emergence of a certain territory and dissemination.
The most important factors are natural and socio-economic. These factors are very much connected. Also, the modern territorial system of cereal extraction growing has developed under the influence of the following other factors: soil conditions; agricultural traditions formation within a certain time; the internal market demand; mastering new technologies; the Government’s support and policy in agricultural industries; the European Union structural funds support and policy in agricultural.
In Lithuania cereal crops extraction has increased from 2000 to 2014 years. An improving situation observed after accession to the European Union. Record harvest was fixed in 2014 year. It was influenced by technological million tonnes break in the Lithuanian grain farms.
The Middle Lithuanian height intensive zone (area) for grain crops extraction. Here are good soil potential possibilities cereal crops (high yield) and here are a lower cost cultivation of cereal crops extraction. The condition for cereal crops extraction is bad in the Western and Eastern Lithuanian zones (areas). This area is characterized by worse natural – climatic conditions.
In recent years, huge volumes of the growing cereals harvest, improving yields and growing conditions for crop areas form optimistic cereal crops for production in future. In our country economic situation will improve every years and this is an impact on improving agricultural situation.
Geographic Data and Information for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Bevainis Linas , Balčiūnas Andrius
Published: October 2016

In this article, the authors present Lithuanian spatial information portal, its services and the availability to use in education process. Lithuanian spatial information portal created in 2008 year developing the project "Lithuanian infrastructure for geographical information, which was financed by the Republic of Lithuania and the European Union. The project is performed by the National Land Service under the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Enterprise Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics "GIS-Center".
This article provides information about the LEI portal where you can find methodical and educational material, maps, spatial data sets, documents, help texts, geographic information terms, so teachers and students can use real data and create maps, or properly use geoportal.lt provided tools to deal with tasks.