bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of sulphur compounds in the hydrodenitrogenation of 2-methylquinoline, 2-methylpiperidine, indole, and isoquinoline on a nickel-tungsten catalyst in the presence of hydrogen sulphide
Authors: Černý Mirko , Trka Antonín
Published: March 2011

2-Methylquinoline, 2-methylpiperidine, indole, and isoquinoline were subjected to hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) on a sulphidized nickel-tungsten catalyst in an autoclave at 300 and 350 °C using pure hydrogen or a hydrogen-hydrogen sulphide mixture. The neutral fraction from the HDN of 2-methylquinoline and 2-methylpiperidine contained 40 and 90% sulphur compounds, respectively. The presence of hydrogen sulphide in the HDN of isoquinoline resulted in an enhanced fraction of the neutral moiety. A reaction mechanism is suggested for the HDN of 2-methylquinoline and 2-methylpiperidine in the presence of hydrogen sulphide, in which the latter contributes to the higher degree of conversion due to the formation of corresponding sulphur compounds.
Concentration and temperature dependence of heats of mixing of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol with cyclohexane
Authors: Veselý František , Dohnal Vladimír , Valentová Miriam , Pick Jiří
Published: March 2011

The concentration dependences of excess enthalpies were measured in an isothermal calorimeter within the range of 25-50 °C at six temperatures for the binary systems 1-butanol-cyclohexane and 2-butanol-cyclohexane and at five temperatures for the system 2-methyl-2-propanol-cyclohexane. A conspicuous temperature and concentration dependence of the maximum value of enthalpy of mixing was found for the latter system. Heats of mixing of all three systems were correlated by the SSF equation. The results of correlation are comparable with the experimental error (0.5%) in the entire range of mole fractions of alcohols.
MULTISPIN MEMBRANE SOLUTIONS IN AdS4 ×Q1, 1, 1
Authors: KIM NAKWOO , LEE JUNG HUN
Published: March 2011

We study several types of classical rotating membrane solutions in AdS 4 ×Q1, 1, 1 and discuss their field theory duals. Q1, 1, 1 is a seven-dimensional Sasaki–Einstein manifold given as a nontrivial U(1) fibration over S2×S2×S2, equipped with SU(2)3 ×U(1) isometry. It is recently suggested that there exist quiver Chern–Simons theories which are dual to M-theory in certain orbifolds of Q1, 1, 1. The membrane solutions we consider have in general nonvanishing angular momenta both in AdS 4 and Q1, 1, 1 spaces. We present solutions for folded and wrapped membranes. According to the AdS/CFT correspondence, such classical solutions are dual to long operators of the dual conformal field theories in the large coupling limit. We analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the dispersion relation between energy (conformal dimension) and angular momenta (global charges).
REVIEW OF THE N-QUANTUM APPROACH TO BOUND STATES
Authors: GREENBERG O. W.
Published: March 2011

We describe a method of solving quantum field theories using operator techniques based on the expansion of interacting fields in terms of asymptotic fields. For bound states, we introduce an asymptotic field for each (stable) bound state. We choose the nonrelativistic hydrogen atom as an example to illustrate the method. Future work will apply this N-quantum approach to relativistic theories that include bound states in motion.
SIZE-INDUCED EFFECTS IN NANOSTRUCTURED NiFe2O4
Authors: GUNES M. , GENCER H. , IZGI T. , KOLAT V. S. , ATALAY S.
Published: March 2011

NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal process, and the effect of temperature on them was studied. The particles were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 413 to 1473 K. Studies were carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The annealing temperature had a significant effect on the magnetic and structural parameters, such as the crystallite size, lattice parameter, magnetization and coercivity.
EFFECT OF N CONTENT ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF Ta–Si–N THIN FILM BARRIER LAYER
Authors: ZHOU JICHENG , LIU ZHENG , ZHENG XUQIANG , LI YOUZHEN , LUO DITIAN
Published: March 2011

Ta–Si–N thin films and Cu/Ta–Si–N thin films were deposited on p-type Si (111) substrates by magnetron reactive sputtering. Then the films were characterized by four-point probe sheet resistance measurement, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The experimental results show that the sheet resistance of Ta–Si–N thin film increases with N content. And the surface roughness of the thin film first decreases and then increases with N content. By increasing the N content, the diffusion barrier property of Ta–Si–N thin film can be improved; however, this improvement is not evident when N content beyond 56%. The as-deposited Ta–Si thin film is nano-crystalline. When doped with N, the as-deposited thin film becomes amorphous. The crystallization of Ta–Si–N thin film occurs again at high temperature. Cu atoms diffuse through grain boundaries of Ta–Si–N thin film into Si , and this leads to failure of the diffusion barrier.
COMPARISON OF TWO INTERPRETATIONS OF THE JOSEPHSON EFFECT
Authors: YURIN I. M.
Published: March 2011

This paper puts forward an interpretation of the Josephson effect based on the alternative theory of superconductivity (ATS). A comparison of the ATS- and BCS-based interpretations is provided. It is demonstrated that the ATS-based interpretation, unlike that based on the BCS theory, does not require a revision of fundamentals of quantum physics.
DRIVEN TRANSITIONS AT THE ONSET OF ERGODICITY BREAKING IN GAUGE-INVARIANT COMPLEX NETWORKS
Authors: BARRA ADRIANO
Published: March 2011

In the last few years, the statistical mechanics of spin glasses has become one of the major frameworks for analyzing the macroscopical equilibrium properties of complex systems starting from the microscopical dynamics of their components. Recently, many advances in its rigorous formulation without the replica trick have been achieved, highlighting the importance of this field of research in our understanding of complex systems. In this framework we analyze the critical behavior of a Poissonian diluted network with random competitive interactions among gauge-invariant dichotomic variables pasted on the nodes (i.e., a suitable version of the Viana–Bray diluted spin glass). The model is described by an infinite series of order parameters (the multioverlaps) and has two degrees of freedom: the temperature (which can be thought of as the noise level) and the connectivity (the averaged number of links per node in the underlying network).

In this paper, we show that there are not several transition lines, one for every order parameter, as a naive approach would suggest but just one corresponding to ergodicity breaking. We explain this scenario within a novel and simple mathematical technique: we show the existence of a driving mechanism such that, as the first order parameter (the two-replica overlap) becomes different from zero due to a real second order phase transition, it enforces all the other multioverlaps toward positive values thanks to the strong correlations which develop among themselves and the two-replica overlap at the critical line. These correlations are ultimately related — within our framework — to the breaking of the gauge invariance of the Boltzmann state at the boundary of the ergodic region. A discussion on the structure of the free energy, fundamental macroscopical observable by which the whole thermodynamic can be achieved, is also presented.
VISUALIZATION IN SIMULATION TOOLS: REQUIREMENTS AND A TOOL SPECIFICATION TO SUPPORT THE TEACHING OF DYNAMIC BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Authors: JØRGENSEN KATARINA M. , HADDOW PAULINE C.
Published: March 2011

Simulation tools are playing an increasingly important role behind advances in the field of systems biology. However, the current generation of biological science students has either little or no experience with such tools. As such, this educational glitch is limiting both the potential use of such tools as well as the potential for tighter cooperation between the designers and users. Although some simulation tool producers encourage their use in teaching, little attempt has hitherto been made to analyze and discuss their suitability as an educational tool for noncomputing science students. In general, today's simulation tools assume that the user has a stronger mathematical and computing background than that which is found in most biological science curricula, thus making the introduction of such tools a considerable pedagogical challenge. This paper provides an evaluation of the pedagogical attributes of existing simulation tools for cell signal transduction based on Cognitive Load theory. Further, design recommendations for an improved educational simulation tool are provided. The study is based on simulation tools for cell signal transduction. However, the discussions are relevant to a broader biological simulation tool set.
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CONVECTIVE FLOW IN THE SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS
Authors: KORTI ABDEL ILLAH NABIL
Published: March 2011

There has been a growing research interest in the melting and solidification technology among mathematicians and engineers. The topic has obvious practical importance in a wide range of applications. Natural convection may play a significant role in heat transfer and hence affect the progress of the solidification. A fixed-grid finite volume numerical approach is developed and used to simulate physical details of convection flow in the solidification problems. This approach is based on the enthalpy–porosity method that is traditionally used to track the motion of the liquid–solid front and to obtain the temperature distribution and the velocity profiles in the liquid phase. The enthalpy–porosity model treats the mushy region as a porous medium.

In this paper, the numerical and experimental studies of unsteady natural convection during solidification of cylindrical ingots are presented. The aim of the study consists of the numerical determination of the fluid flow, the temperature evolution, and the solidification front versus time. To validate the numerical model, an experimental study of the simple casting of cylindrical ingots was undertaken within the laboratory of metallurgy. The measured temperature was compared with values calculated numerically. A good agreement was obtained.
AN ERROR ESTIMATOR AND ADAPTIVITY BASED ON BASIS COEFFICIENT-VECTOR FIELD OF ELEMENT-FREE GALERKIN METHOD
Authors: SETHURAMAN RAJU , HORMIS J. V.
Published: March 2011

In this paper, an error estimator for element-free Galerkin (EFG) method has been proposed. Since meshfree methods do not require a structured mesh or a sense of nodal belongingness, the methods offer the advantage of insertion, deletion, and redistribution of nodes adaptively in the problem domain. The trial function of the field variable is constructed entirely in terms of consistent basis functions and its associated coefficient. The proposed error estimator is based on the nodal coefficient-vector of the basis functions that are used to construct the trial function. After obtaining the nodal coefficient-vector from EFG solution, an attempt is made to recover the best nodal coefficient-vector based on the reduced domain of influence [Chung and Belytschko (1998)], which is sufficient enough to maintain the regularity of the EFG moment matrix and also ensuring that sufficient influencing nodes are present in all the four quadrants defined at the sample node. The vertices of the Voronoi polygon of the critical error nodes are considered as potential neighborhood and new nodes are inserted at the vertices. Numerical studies have been carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology of error estimator and adaptivity.
Post-thermal Annealing Effects on Photoluminescence Properties of InAs Quantum Dots on GaNAs Buffer Layer
Authors: Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Suzuki Ryoichiro
Published: March 2011

The thermal annealing characteristics of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a GaNAs buffer layer grown by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Although the photoluminescence efficiency was deteriorated by annealing, the improved tolerance in the annealing time and temperature was confirmed in comparison with the GaAs buffer sample. The wavelength blue shift was similar in both buffer layers. The improvements in the PL efficiency were considered to be related to the decreased coalescent QDs upon introducing the dilute-nitrogen into the buffer layer.
Using ontological and document similarity to estimate museum exhibit relatedness
Authors: Grieser Karl , Baldwin Timothy , Bohnert Fabian , Sonenberg Liz
Published: March 2011

Exhibits within cultural heritage collections such as museums and art galleries are arranged by experts with intimate knowledge of the domain, but there may exist connections between individual exhibits that are not evident in this representation. For example, the visitors to such a space may have their own opinions on how exhibits relate to one another. In this article, we explore the possibility of estimating the perceived relatedness of exhibits by museum visitors through a variety of ontological and document similarity-based methods. Specifically, we combine the Wikipedia category hierarchy with lexical similarity measures, and evaluate the correlation with the relatedness judgements of visitors. We compare our measure with simple document similarity calculations, based on either Wikipedia documents or Web pages taken from the Web site for the museum of interest. We also investigate the hypothesis that physical distance in the museum space is a direct representation of the conceptual distance between exhibits. We demonstrate that ontological similarity measures are highly effective at capturing perceived relatedness and that the proposed RACO (Related Article Conceptual Overlap) method is able to achieve results closest to relatedness judgements provided by human annotators compared to existing state-of-the art measures of semantic relatedness.
A model for progressive transmission of spatial data based on shape complexity
Authors: Ying Fangli , Mooney Peter , Corcoran Padraig , Winstanley Adam C.
Published: March 2011

Due to the limited bandwidth available to mobile devices transmitting large amount of geographic data over the Internet to these devices is challenging. Such data is often high-resolution vector data and is far too detailed with respect to most location-based services (LBS) user requirements. A less detailed version may be sent prior to the complete dataset using a progressive transmission strategy. Progressive transmission is generally performed by transmitting a series of independent pre-computed representations of the original dataset at increasing levels of detail where the transitions between these levels are not necessarily smooth. A model is proposed in this paper for selective progressive transmission which will provide smoother transmission over increasing levels of detail. We define criteria for the comparison of similarity between the progressive states of the vector-data based on shape complexity of the polygon features. This allows development of a real-time strategy for the progressive transmission of vector data over the Internet to mobile devices.
Model-based reasoning: using visual tools to reveal student learning
Authors: Luckie Douglas , Harrison Scott H. , Ebert-May Diane
Published: March 2011

Using visual models is common in science and should become more common in classrooms. Our research group has developed and completed studies on the use of a visual modeling tool, the Concept Connector. This modeling tool consists of an online concept mapping Java applet that has automatic scoring functions we refer to as Robograder. The Concept Connector enables students in large introductory science courses to visualize their thinking through online model building. The Concept Connector's flexible scoring system, based on tested grading schemes as well as instructor input, has enabled >1,000 physiology students to build maps of their ideas about plant and animal physiology with the guidance of automatic and immediate online scoring of homework. Criterion concept maps developed by instructors in this project contain numerous expert-generated or “correct” propositions connecting two concept words together with a linking phrase. In this study, holistic algorithms were used to test automated methods of scoring concept maps that might work as well as a human grader.
Local control of blood flow
Authors: Clifford Philip S.
Published: March 2011

Organ blood flow is determined by perfusion pressure and vasomotor tone in the resistance vessels of the organ. Local factors that regulate vasomotor tone include myogenic and metabolic autoregulation, flow-mediated and conducted responses, and vasoactive substances released from red blood cells. The relative importance of each of these factors varies over time, from tissue to tissue, and among vessel generations.
Student responses to a hands-on kinesthetic lecture activity for learning about the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
Authors: Breckler Jennifer , Yu Justin R.
Published: March 2011

This article describes a new hands-on, or “kinesthetic,” activity for use in a physiology lecture hall to help students comprehend an important concept in cardiopulmonary physiology known as oxygen carrying capacity. One impetus for designing this activity was to address the needs of students who have a preference for kinesthetic learning and to help increase their understanding and engagement during lecture. This activity uses simple inexpensive materials, provides an effective model for demonstrating related pathophysiology, and helps promote active learning. The activity protocol and its implementation are described here in detail. We also report data obtained from student surveys and assessment tools to determine the effectiveness of the activity on student conceptual learning and perceptions. A brief multiple-choice pretest showed that although students had already been introduced to the relevant concepts in lecture, they had not yet mastered these concepts before performing the activity. Two postactivity assessments showed that student performance was significantly improved on the posttest compared with the pretest and that information was largely retained at the end of the course. Survey data showed that one-half of the students stated kinesthetic learning as among their learning preferences, yet nearly all students enjoyed and were engaged in this hands-on kinesthetic activity regardless of their preferences. Most students would recommend it to their peers and expressed a desire for more kinesthetic learning opportunities in the lecture curriculum.
Synlabia after Severe Monilia Infections: A Case Report
Authors: Saied Samia M. A.
Published: March 2011

Case. A 25-year-old woman presented with acute urine retention with overflow 6 months after an inadequate treatment of severe monilia infections. Examination revealed complete adhesion between both labia majora. Division of adhesion was done with reconstruction by labial mucocutaneous flap. Complete recovery was achieved with good cosmetic outcome.Conclusion. Labial adhesions whatever their severity is can be surgically divided with complete correction by locally designed flap to reconstruct the introuitus with rapid recovery, good healing, and good cosmetic outcome.
On the Use of Issue Tracking Annotations for Improving Developer Activity Metrics
Authors: Meneely Andrew , Williams Laurie
Published: March 2011

Understanding and measuring how teams of developers collaborate on software projects can provide valuable insight into the software development process. Currently, researchers and practitioners measure developer collaboration with social networks constructed from version control logs. Version control change logs, however, do not tell the whole story. The collaborative problem-solving process is also documented in the issue tracking systems that record solutions to failures, feature requests, or other development tasks. We propose two annotations to be used in issue tracking systems: solution originator and solution approver. We annotated which developers were originators or approvers of the solution to 602 issues from the OpenMRS healthcare system. We used these annotations to augment the version control logs and found 47 more contributors to the OpenMRS project than the original 40 found in the version control logs. Using social network analysis, we found that approvers are likely to score high in centrality and hierarchical clustering. Our results indicate that our two issue tracking annotations identify project collaborators that version control logs miss. Thus, issue tracking annotations are an improvement in developer activity metrics that strengthen the connection between what we can measure in the project development artifacts and the team's collaborative problem-solving process.
Effect of Annealing on Strain-Temperature Response under Constant Tensile Stress in Cold-Worked NiTi Thin Wire
Authors: Yan Xiaojun , Van Humbeeck Jan
Published: March 2011

The present paper aims to understand the influence of annealing on the strain-temperature response of a cold-worked NiTi wire under constant tensile stress. It was found that transformation behavior, stress-strain relationship, and strain-temperature response of the cold-worked NiTi wire are strongly affected by the annealing temperature. Large martensitic strains can be reached even though the applied stress is below the plateau stress of the martensite phase. At all stress levels transformation strain increases with increasing annealing temperature in the range of 350∘–450∘C and decreases with increasing annealing temperature in the range of 450∘–650∘C. The martensitic strain at lower stress levels exhibits the same tendency. At higher stress levels the martensitic strain increases with increasing annealing temperature.
Spinal Chondrosarcoma: A Review
Authors: Katonis Pavlos , Alpantaki Kalliopi , Michail Konstantinos , Lianoudakis Stratos , Christoforakis Zaharias , Tzanakakis George , Karantanas Apostolos
Published: March 2011

Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary malignant bone tumor. Yet the spine represents the primary location in only 2% to 12% of these tumors. Almost all patients present with pain and a palpable mass. About 50% of patients present with neurologic symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally unsuccessful while surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Early diagnosis and careful surgical staging are important to achieve adequate management. This paper provides an overview of the histopathological classification, clinical presentation, and diagnostic procedures regarding spinal chondrosarcoma. We highlight specific treatment modalities and discuss which is truly the most suitable approach for these tumors. Abstracts and original articles in English investigating these tumors were searched and analyzed with the use of the PubMed and Scopus databases with “chondrosarcoma and spine” as keywords.
Nanotoxicity: Dimensional and Morphological Concerns
Authors: Wani Mohmmad Younus , Hashim Mohd Ali , Nabi Firdosa , Malik Maqsood Ahmad
Published: March 2011

Nanotechnology deals with the construction of new materials, devices, and different technological systems with a wide range of potential applications at the atomic and molecular level. Nanomaterials have attracted great attention for numerous applications in chemical, biological, and industrial world because of their fascinating physicochemical properties. Nanomaterials and nanodevices are being produced intentionally, unintentionally, and manufactured or engineered by different methods and released into the environment without any safety test. Nantoxicity has become the subject of concern in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of the increasing toxic effects of nanomaterials on the living organisms. Nanomaterials can move freely as compared to the large‐sized particles; therefore, they can be more toxic than bulky materials. This review article delineates the toxic effects of different types of nanomaterials on the living organisms through different sources, like water, air, contact with skin, and the methods of determinations of these toxic effects.
Molecular Approach to Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: LMP2-Deficient Mice as an Animal Model of Spontaneous Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Horiuchi Akiko , Sano Kenji , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Kanai Yae , Shiozawa Tanri , Tonegawa Susumu , Konishi Ikuo
Published: March 2011

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker which distinguishes malignant LMS from benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA) is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with uterine LMS, in order to establish a treatment method. LMP2-deficient mice spontaneously develop uterine LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. We found LMP2 expression to be absent in human LMS, but present in human LMA. Therefore, defective LMP2 expression may be one of the risk factors for LMS. LMP2 is a potential diagnostic-biomarker for uterine LMS, and may be targeted-molecule for a new therapeutic approach.
A Prospective Evaluation of C-reactive Protein Levels and Colorectal Adenoma Development
Authors: Gunter Marc J. , Cross Amanda J. , Huang Wen-Yi , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Purdue Mark , Xue Xiaonan , Schoen Robert , Limburg Paul J. , Schatzkin Arthur , Sinha Rashmi , Hayes Richard B.
Published: March 2011

Background: Inflammation is hypothesized to play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a serologic marker of the inflammatory response, have been positively associated with colorectal cancer development in some studies; however, there are limited data on the relation of CRP with colorectal adenomas, established precursors of colorectal cancer.

Methods: A nested case–control investigation of CRP levels and incident colorectal adenoma was conducted in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, a randomized trial of 154,942 individuals designed to test the efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy on colorectal cancer mortality when performed once, and then repeated 3 to 5 years later. Serum CRP levels were measured in baseline blood specimens from participants who were free of polyps in the left-sided colorectum at the baseline screening procedure, but who were found at the subsequent screen to have at least one colorectal adenoma (n = 356), and in a set of polyp-free, frequency-matched controls (n = 396).

Results: In a multivariable logistic regression model that included established colorectal adenoma risk factors, a 1-unit increase in log CRP level was associated with a 15% reduction in risk of developing colorectal adenoma (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.75–0.98, Ptrend = 0.01). This association did not differ according to body size, smoking behavior, gender, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or adenoma location.

Conclusions: High circulating CRP levels may be protective against colorectal adenoma development.

Impact: Though at contrast with mechanistic data on inflammation and colorectal tumorigenesis, this finding is not inconsistent with prior results on CRP and colorectal adenoma and warrants further investigation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(3); 537–44. ©2011 AACR.
Association between Clomiphene Citrate and Visual Disturbances with Special Emphasis on Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Review
Authors: Viola Maria I. , Meyer David , Kruger Thinus
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To determine whether clomiphene citrate (CC) can be implicated as a cause for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and other visual disturbances. Methods: For this systematic review, we performed a search of the following databases: PubMed (1976 to November 2009), Medline Plus 2009, Cochrane Library (1996 to November 2009), Google and Google Scholar (1996 to November 2009). Thirty-five relevant titles (25 full papers and 10 abstracts) were identified and read by authors. No review has been published in the literature. The publications included describe adverse effects with clomid and selective estrogen receptor modulators and in particular visual disturbances. The population consisted of infertility patients under ovulation induction with CC. The main outcome measures were loss of vision due to CRVO and other visual changes. Results: CC may predispose to CRVO, but further trials are clearly needed in this area. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the potential risk of CC, especially in patients with associated risk factors for CRVO. If visual disturbances occur, therapy should be terminated and the patient referred for specialist ophthalmic care.
Altered Gene Expression Profile in Vaginal Polypoid Endometriosis Resembles Peritoneal Endometriosis and Is Consistent with Increased Local Estrogen Production
Authors: Syrcle S.M. , Pelch K.E. , Schroder A.L. , Nichols B.M. , Mills M.P. , Barrier B.F. , Havey A.D. , Nagel S.C.
Published: March 2011

Background: In a university hospital setting, a 25-year-old woman presented with large vaginal and cervical polyps. Past medical history was significant for stage IV endometriosis. Polypectomy was performed and the polyps were histologically consistent with endometriosis. Gene expression was compared with control vaginal tissue to assess if the altered gene expression profile was similar to peritoneal endometriosis. Methods and Results: Using quantitative reverse transcription, real-time PCR, estrogen receptor-β expression was found to be upregulated 10-fold while estrogen receptor-α expression was downregulated 5-fold in the vaginal polyp relative to control vaginal tissue. The estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase was upregulated 8-fold and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was upregulated 400-fold in the polyp. Immunohistochemical staining revealed altered cell type localization for progesterone receptor in the polyp and increased cell proliferation in polyp stromal cells relative to control. Conclusions: Increased proliferation in the vaginal polypoid endometriotic tissue may be due to increased local estrogen production. The altered gene expression profile was very similar to the altered gene expression profile seen in peritoneal endometriosis.
Downregulation of the Integrin αv Signaling Pathway in Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Tsai Feng-Chou , Liu Wei-Min , Pai Man-Hui , Hsieh Ming-Shium , Lin Jui-Yu , Chou Chih-Ming
Published: March 2011

Objective: To investigate alterations of integrin αv, survival and apoptosis signaling pathways in uterine leiomyomas. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study of 50 women with uterine leiomyomas that had been pathologically confirmed, specimens were obtained laparoscopically from 2007 to 2009. The expressions of integrin αv signaling pathways (Ras/Raf/ERK1/2, Akt and cleaved caspase-3), surface microstructures by surface electron microscopy and immunohistochemical findings were assessed. Results: The study yielded novel results: (1) the integrin αv expression approached a low level (mRNA 0.39 ± 0.06, protein 0.47 ± 0.08) with coherent alterations of its downstream signaling molecules (Ras, p-c-Raf, p-ERK1/2) (p < 0.001); (2) smoother surface microstructures of uterine leiomyomas were correlated with low integrin αv expressions, and (3) survival signaling and apoptosis signaling were significantly down- and upregulated respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Integrin αv and related survival signaling pathways were downregulated, but the apoptosis was upregulated in uterine leiomyomas. Benign smooth-contoured tumors may have low integrin expressions and cancer invasion potentials.
Significance of DNA Polymerase Delta Catalytic Subunit p125 Induced by Mutant p53 in the Invasive Potential of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sanefuji Kensaku , Taketomi Akinobu , Iguchi Tomohiro , Sugimachi Keishi , Ikegami Toru , Yamashita Yo-ichi , Gion Tomonobu , Soejima Yuji , Shirabe Ken , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: March 2011

Objective: To clarify the role of DNA polymerase delta in tumor progression, we examined the expression of its main catalytic subunit p125 encoded by POLD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and human HCC cell lines. Methods: We examined the expression of p53 and p125 in HCC by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Characteristic changes observed in human HCC cell lines after transfection were examined. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive staining of p125 in HCC cell nuclei, but few positively stained cells were observed in noncancerous tissues (p < 0.0001). p125 expression in specimens significantly correlated with cellular differentiation (p = 0.0048) and the degree of vascular invasion (p = 0.0401). It also significantly correlated with abnormal p53 expression. In vivo studies showed that p125 was upregulated in mutant p53-transfected HepG2 cells, which had more invasive potential than did control cells. Furthermore, the expression and invasive potential were reduced by the silencer sequence for POLD1. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit p125 induced by mutant type p53 plays an important role in tumor invasion, which leads to a poorer prognosis in HCC.
The Utility of Routine Follow-Up Procedures in the Surveillance of Uterine Cancer: A 20-Year Institutional Review
Authors: Rettenmaier Chris R. , Rettenmaier Nicholas B. , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Abaid Lisa N. , Brown III John V. , Micha John P. , Goldstein Bram H.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of routine follow-up procedures during uterine cancer surveillance and the corresponding cost throughout a 20-year period at a single medical institution. Methods: We sought to determine which surveillance method (CA-125, imaging, physical examination or vaginal cytology) detected the highest number of patient recurrences and the corresponding cost vis-à-vis the number of identified progressive disease cases. Results: Serial imaging detected the highest number of progressive disease cases but the cost was rather high (USD 17,174 per patient recurrence), whereas CA-125 testing was the least expensive (USD 6,810 per patient recurrence). We also found that those with a variant histology [for example, adenosquamous and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (p < 0.001) and advanced (III/IV) disease stage (p = 0.001)] were associated with an unfavorable progression-free interval. Conclusions: In the present investigation, serial imaging detected the highest number of progressive disease cases, although no single surveillance method was associated with a sensitive recurrent disease detection rate. Nevertheless, the CA-125 assay appeared to be the most cost-effective method in following patients with epithelial uterine malignancies. Thus, in the context of high-risk disease, a combination of procedures may still be necessary for optimal uterine cancer patient follow-up.
Psychological Predictors of Problematic Involvement in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Illustration in a Sample of Male Cybercafé Players
Authors: Billieux Joël , Chanal Julien , Khazaal Yasser , Rochat Lucien , Gay Philippe , Zullino Daniele , Van der Linden Martial
Published: March 2011

Background: Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are video games in which a large number of players interact with one another in a persistent virtual world. MMORPGs can become problematic and result in negative outcomes in daily living (e.g. loss of control on gaming behaviors, compromised social and individual quality of life). The aim of the present study is to investigate psychological predictors of problematic involvement in MMORPGs. Sampling and Methods: Fifty-four males who played MMORPGs regularly were recruited in cybercafés and screened using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (which assesses 4 facets of impulsivity) and the Motivation to Play Online Questionnaire (which assesses personal motives to play online). Negative consequences due to excessive time spent on the Internet were assessed with the Internet Addiction Test. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that problematic use of MMORPGs is significantly predicted by: (1) high urgency (b = 0.45), and (2) a motivation to play for immersion (b = 0.35). Conclusion: This study showed that, for certain individuals (who are characterized by a proneness to act rashly in emotional contexts and motivated to play to be immersed in a virtual world), involvement in MMORPGs can become problematic and engender tangible negative consequences in daily life.
Functional and Clinicopathological Analysis of Loss of MKK4 Expression in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Ishikawa Masako , Nakayama Kentaro , Rahman Mohammed Tanjimur , Rahman Munmun , Katagiri Atsuko , Iida Kouji , Miyazaki Kohji
Published: March 2011

Objective: In the current study, we investigated the mechanism relating downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK4) expression to the development of endometrial cancer. Methods: MKK4 expression in endometrial cancer was assessed by immunohistochemistry using 87 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and clinical data was collected via a retrospective chart review. MKK4 gene knockdown using silencing RNA and an MKK4 gene transfection system was used to assess MKK4 function in tissue samples of endometrial cancer. Results: Lower expression of MKK4 immunointensity was observed in 63.2% (55/87) of the analyzed tumors. High-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G2 and G3) (p = 0.024), postmenopausal status (p = 0.018), and patient age (≧60) (p = 0.012) were significantly correlated with lower MKK4 expression. Patients with lower MKK4 expression in endometrial cancer tissues tended to have a shorter overall survival (p = 0.197). Using cell growth and anchorage-independent assays, we determined that both the growth and colony-forming ability of MKK4-transfected HEC1B cells, a line with a low endogenous expression of MKK4, were significantly reduced compared to control vector-transfected cells. Overexpression of the MKK4 gene in HEC1B cells resulted in reduced cell migration activity in a simulated wound healing assay. To confirm that MKK4 expression is related to tumor suppressor function, we used 2 independent but complementary approaches. MKK4 gene knockdown in JHEM1 cells, which overexpressed MKK4, increased proliferation activity. Additionally, the engineered expression of MKK4 in Ishikawa cells, a line with low endogenous MKK4 expression, produced a phenotype similar to that of HEC1B. Similar results were produced in tumor xenografts in nude mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that MKK4 acts as a tumor suppressor, and reduced expression of MKK4 may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer.
Phase I Study of Biweekly Intravenous Paclitaxel plus Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Paclitaxel for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Ishigami Hironori , Kitayama Joji , Kaisaki Shoichi , Yamaguchi Hironori , Yamashita Hiroharu , Emoto Shigenobu , Nagawa Hirokazu
Published: March 2011

Objectives: A phase I study of biweekly intravenous (IV) paclitaxel (PTX) plus intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin (CDDP) and PTX was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) in gastric cancer patients. Methods: Nine gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis were enrolled. PTX was administered intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/m2 and intraperitoneally with an initial dose of 20 mg/m2 (level 1), stepped up to 30 or 40 mg/m2 depending on observed toxicity. CDDP was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 30 mg/m2 over 24 h. PTX and CDDP were administered on days 1 and 15 in 4-week cycles. Results: The MTD was determined to be dose level 1, as 2 of 3 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), grade 4 leukopenia and grade 3 vomiting. Therefore, the doses of IV PTX, IP CDDP and IP PTX were reduced to 80, 25 and 20 mg/m2, respectively (level 0). Consequently, the RD was determined to be dose level 0, as only 1 of 6 patients experienced DLT, grade 3 nausea. Conclusions: Combination chemotherapy of IV PTX plus IP CDDP and PTX was shown to be a safe regimen that should be further explored in clinical trials.
Assessment of the Voice Handicap Index as a Screening Tool in Dysphonic Patients
Authors: Niebudek-Bogusz Ewa , Kuzańska Anna , Woznicka Ewelina , Sliwinska-Kowalska Mariola
Published: March 2011

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) in the screening diagnostics of voice dysfunction and in the evaluation of the level of handicap due to dysphonia. Patients andMethods: A total of 165 patients with voice disorders (vocal paresis, benign vocal fold masses, and functional dysphonia) and 65 healthy controls completed the VHI questionnaire. All the participants were subjected to maximum phonation time (MPT) assessment, the patients also to laryngovideostroboscopy. Results: The VHI scores for the patients and controls differed significantly (p < 0.001). A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found when MPT and VHI were compared. The cutoff point, at which VHI sensitivity (for distinguishing between subjects with voice dysfunction and with vocal health) reached its maximal value (98%) at the highest level of specificity (95%), was assumed to be 12. Conclusions: The study revealed that the VHI is a reliable tool for identifying patients who experience vocal dysfunction and should be used in multidimensional diagnostics of voice disorders. The level of 12 points in the VHI test should be considered to be a threshold for rating the biopsychosocial impact of dysphonia.
Cytotoxic Effect of Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy with Platinum Salt on Ovarian Cancer Cells: Results of an in vitro Study
Authors: Muller Matthieu , Chérel Michel , Dupré Pierre-François , Gouard Sébastien , Collet Michel , Classe Jean-Marc
Published: March 2011

Purpose: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is continuously under evaluation in ovarian cancer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy, drug concentration and temperature. Materials and Methods: A human ovarian carcinoma cell line was used. The effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was analyzed. Results: When hyperthermia was combined with chemotherapy, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) decreased with the duration of exposure. The effect of temperature was similar between 39 and 43°C for a 30-min exposure. For a 60- to 90-min exposure, the LD50 was equivalent between 38 and 43°C. Beyond 40°C, an increase in platinum salt concentration was necessary to obtain similar results according to the duration of exposure. Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of the combination seemed to be potentiated and limited at 40°C.
Otolaryngology and the American Presidency: A Medical Legacy
Authors: Cashman Emma Catherine , Timon Conrad
Published: March 2011

The various medical histories of eminent members of state have been well documented and explored. Such accounts provide interesting insights into advances in treatment and management of disease. Moreover, historical cases serve as a timely reminder of how the central tenets of good medical practice do not change with time. Two American presidents, Ulysses S. Grant and Grover Cleveland, were afflicted with diseases of the head and neck, and one would subsequently die from his illness. Here we examine their diagnosis, treatment and their disease in the context of modern management.
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription-3/Pim1 Axis Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Paulin Roxane , Courboulin Audrey , Meloche Jolyane , Mainguy Vincent , Dumas de la Roque Eric , Saksouk Nehmé , Côté Jacques , Provencher Steeve , Sussman Mark A. , Bonnet Sébastien
Published: March 2011

Background—

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a proliferative disorder associated with enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. The sustainability of this phenotype required the activation of a prosurvival transcription factor like signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT). Because these factors are implicated in several physiological processes, their inhibition in PAH patients could be associated with detrimental effects. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism accounting for their expression/activation in PAH pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is of great therapeutic interest.

Methods and Results—

Using multidisciplinary and translational approaches, we demonstrated that STAT3 activation in both human and experimental models of PAH accounts for the expression of both NFATc2 and the oncoprotein kinase Pim1, which trigger NFATc2 activation. Because Pim1 expression correlates with the severity of PAH in humans and is confined to the PAH pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, Pim1 was identified as an attractive therapeutic target for PAH. Indeed, specific Pim1 inhibition in vitro decreases pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, all of which are sustained by NFATc2 inhibition. In vivo, tissue-specific inhibition of Pim1 by nebulized siRNA reverses monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats, whereas Pim1 knockout mice are resistant to PAH development.

Conclusion—

We demonstrated for the first time that inhibition of the inappropriate activation of STAT3/Pim1 axis is a novel, specific, and attractive therapeutic strategy to reverse PAH.
«Que sont mes amis devenus?» Note sur Job 13:4
Authors: Mies Françoise
Published: March 2011

In Jb 13,4, is a real expression with the meaning of slander, “plasters of lies”, and means well “worthless physicians”. No trace of Rephaim.
Was it Rape? The David and Bathsheba Pericope Re-examined
Authors: Abasili Alexander Izuchukwu
Published: March 2011

In view of the academic debate on whether David raped Bathsheba, this article takes a new approach to 2 Sam 11-12. Using narrative analysis, it reinterprets 2 Sam 11-12 with the Hebrew biblical definition of rape in mind. This new approach reveals that some of the opposing views of exegetes on this pericope are caused by the imposition of today’s definition of rape upon the narrative of 2 Sam 11-12. Our conclusion questions, on the one hand, the basis upon which some scholars suggest that David raped Bathsheba. Are they talking about ‘biblical-rape’ or are they using a contemporary concept of rape to judge the Hebrew bible? On the other hand, it disagrees with those scholars who accuse Bathsheba of seducing David for whatever motive.
Biblical Prophecy—A Scribal Enterprise. The Old Testament Prophecy of Unconditional Judgement considered as a Literary Phenomenon
Authors: de Jong Matthijs J.
Published: March 2011

At the heart of the biblical prophetic books is scribal reinterpretation of earlier prophetic legacies. These legacies testify to prophetic activity in Israel and Judah—kinds of prophecy which in essence resembled prophetic and other divinatory activity found elsewhere in the ancient Near East. It was however the scribal reception, revision, and elaboration of these earlier legacies that gave rise to “biblical prophecy” and prompted the development of the prophetic books. In this process of reinterpretation the ‘prophets’ were removed from the realm of divination. They became to be portrayed as isolated figures, contra society, commissioned by Yahweh to declare his message of unconditional and total destruction. Through their ‘message’ the disastrous events that had befallen the states of Israel and Judah were explained (ex eventu) as being due to divine anger. This was in fact the common explanation for calamities, used throughout the ancient Near Eastern world.