bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kuziak Agata , Heczko Piotr , Pietrzyk Agata , Strus Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive function and the nervous system. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal roles of iron homeostasis dysregulation and microbial inflammatory factors in the oral and gut microbiome as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Iron homeostasis disruption can result in excessive intracellular iron accumulation, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage. Additionally, inflammatory agents produced by pathogenic bacteria may enter the body via two primary pathways: directly through the gut or indirectly via the oral cavity, entering the bloodstream and reaching the brain. This infiltration disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces neuroinflammation, and exacerbates AD-related pathology. Addressing these mechanisms through personalized treatment strategies that target the underlying causes of AD could play a critical role in preventing its onset and progression.
The Combination of Shading and Potassium Application Regulated the Bulb Active Ingredients Accumulation in Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. by Affecting Rhizosphere Microecology
Authors: Wang Leran , Liang Bingbing , Liu Jia , Jin Huizhen , Zhu Zixuan , Hao Siyu , Wang Shumin , Sheng Xiaoxiao , Zhou Xinshu , Zhu Honghai , Sui Ning
Published: January 2025

The bulbs of the lily plant Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. possess substantial medicinal properties for relieving coughs and clearing the lungs. However, excessive pursuit of yield during cultivation has led to a decrease in medicinal ingredients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of two single-factor treatments, shading (SK0) and potassium application (S0K), and their coupling treatment (SK) on bulb biomass and medicinal substance content, along with the role of rhizosphere microorganisms. Shading increased the content of active ingredients in bulbs by approximately 11.7% while decreasing bulb biomass by approximately 11.3%. SK treatment mitigated the biomass reduction caused by SK0 treatment while enhancing the accumulation of active ingredients in F. thunbergii, up to 1.2 times higher than that of SK0 treatment. In rhizosphere soil, Allorhizobium–Neorhizobium–Pararhizobium–Rhizobium (ANPR), Chryseobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Phoma exhibited significant positive correlations with medicinal components, among which ANPR, Brevundimonas, Chryseobacterium, and Phoma were responsive to SK treatments. Also, Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia (BCP) and Brevundimonas responded to changes at different growth stages of F. thunbergii. The relative abundance of these microorganisms was associated with the alterations of soil factors resulting from shading or K application. Our results indicate that these microorganisms are beneficial to the growth of bulbs and the synthesis of active components in F. thunbergii. The combination of shading and K application may regulate the accumulation of medicinal substances in F. thunbergii by modulating the structure of the soil microbial community. Our results serve as a reference for soil improvement for medicinal plant cultivation.
From Waste to Value: Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins and Flavonols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Oilcakes
Authors: Muti Lucrezia , Nascimento Luana Beatriz dos Santos , Goracci Giulia , Detti Cassandra , Brunetti Cecilia , Bilia Anna Rita , Ferrini Francesco , Gori Antonella
Published: January 2025

Pistacia lentiscus L., commonly known as the mastic tree or lentisk, is a woody Mediterranean plant revered for its ecological relevance as well as for its extensive ethnobotanical heritage. Historically, the fruits and the resin of P. lentiscus have been widely utilized in traditional medicine, underscoring its important role in local healing practices. Given these properties, this study explored an innovative approach to efficiently extract anthocyanins and flavonols from P. lentiscus oilcakes utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) were used to identify and quantify the anthocyanins and flavonols, revealing the successful extraction of eight distinct anthocyanins and twenty flavonols. A Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) followed by a Box–Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the yield of anthocyanins and flavonols. The optimal extraction conditions found were to be an extraction time of 15 min with 70% ethanol as the solvent and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.012 L g−1, which resulted in a maximum extraction yield of 19.78 mg g−1 dry extract for the Total Flavonol Content and over 25.4 mg g−1 dry extract for the Total Flavonol and Anthocyanin Content. By elucidating the optimal conditions for extracting anthocyanins and flavonol glycosides, this study opens promising avenues for utilizing P. lentiscus oilcake by-products, supporting sustainable practices, and advancing the valorization of Mediterranean bio-resources for health-promoting applications.
Molecular Origami: Designing Functional Molecules of the Future
Authors: Ishida Hitoshi , Ito Takeshi , Kuzuya Akinori
Published: January 2025

In the field of chemical biology, DNA origami has been actively researched. This technique, which involves folding DNA strands like origami to assemble them into desired shapes, has made it possible to create complex nanometer-sized structures, marking a major breakthrough in nanotechnology. On the other hand, controlling the folding mechanisms and folded structures of proteins or shorter peptides has been challenging. However, recent advances in techniques such as protein origami, peptide origami, and de novo design peptides have made it possible to construct various nanoscale structures and create functional molecules. These approaches suggest the emergence of new molecular design principles, which can be termed “molecular origami”. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research trends in protein/peptide origami and DNA/RNA origami and explore potential future applications of molecular origami technologies in electrochemical biosensors.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from the Aqueous Extract of Lonicera japonica Thunb and Evaluation of Its Catalytic Property and Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Yu Weijie , Tang Jingyi , Gao Chunxia , Zheng Xuesong , Zhu Peizhi
Published: January 2025

In this study, copper nanoparticles with an average particle size of 2–4 nm were synthesized using the green extract of Lonicera japonica Thunb. The catalytic activity and dye degradation efficiency of Cu NPs were evaluated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. To confirm that Cu NPs can continuously remove organic dyes, this study used Cu/Lj-C composite material adsorbed on cotton balls as a simulated bed to study the cyclic catalytic activity of Cu NPs for the reduction of methylene blue by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The experiment showed that after multiple cycles, it can also quickly and effectively reduce methylene blue. To evaluate the toxicity of Cu NPs, experiments were conducted using HUVEC and MC3T3-E1 cells. The median lethal doses (LD50) were 37.64 µg/mL and 7.50 µg/mL. The synthesized Cu NPs also exhibited antibacterial efficacy against Aspergillus niger (fungus), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria), and Candida albicans (yeast).
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Polysaccharide Modulates Characteristic Bacteria and Metabolites, Improving the Immune Function of Healthy Mice
Authors: Song Wangdi , Zhang Taifeng , Wang Yunyun , Xue Shengnan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Genlin
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza are known to have several bioactive effects. Previous studies have found that low-molecular-weight Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP1) is degraded by Muribaculum_sp_H5 and promotes the production of beneficial bacteria and metabolites, which improves immune disorder and intestinal injury, and then enhances the body’s immune regulation ability. However, the immune regulation effect of GP1 on a healthy body has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to reveal the immune enhancement effect and mechanism of GP1 on healthy mice. Methods: The cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory activity of GP1 were analyzed by cell experiment; the effects of GP1 on antioxidation, immune regulation and gut microbiota structure of healthy body were studied in vivo. In addition, the mechanism of GP1 enhancing immune response of healthy body was analyzed by multi-omics. Results: The results show that GP1 enhanced the immune function of healthy mice by increasing the index of immune organs, improving the organizational structure of immune organs, and increasing the secretion of immune cytokines and immunoglobulin. GP1 also increased the contents of antioxidant factors such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in various organs and reduced the content of oxide malondialdehyde (MDA), thus enhancing the body’s antioxidant capacity, promoting cell proliferation and prolonging life. Moreover, GP1 promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, including Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Paramuribaculum, and the production of characteristic metabolites (collectively referred to as postbiotics), including α-tocopherol, arachidonic acid, melibiose, taurine, and nicotinic acid. These beneficial bacteria and postbiotics have been proven to have health maintaining functions. Conclusions: GP1 promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and increased the production of postbiotics, which should be the mechanism of its beneficial effect. It is expected to be a promising immune dietary supplement.
Cationic Cyclodextrin-Based Carriers for Drug and Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Nazli Adila , Malanga Milo , Sohajda Tamás , Béni Szabolcs
Published: January 2025

Cyclodextrins can serve as carriers for various payloads, utilizing their capacity to form unique host–guest inclusion complexes within their cavity and their versatile surface functionalization. Recently, cationic cyclodextrins have gained considerable attention, as they can improve drug permeability across negatively charged cell membranes and efficiently condense negatively charged nucleic acid due to electrostatic interactions. This review focuses on state-of-the-art and recent advances in the construction of cationic cyclodextrin-based delivery systems. First, we identified different cationic moieties that are commonly employed in the design of cyclodextrins with enhanced complexation ability. Subsequently, a wide range of cationic cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems were analyzed with emphasis on chemistry, drug release profiles, and therapeutic outcomes. The evaluation of the delivery platforms was also based on the four major types of drugs, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents. The delivery systems for nucleic acids were also summarized while focusing on their condensation ability, transfection efficiency, and biocompatibility in comparison to commercially available vectors such as PEI 25 kDa and lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, we highlighted the potential of cationic cyclodextrins in constructing multimodal delivery systems for the simultaneous encapsulation of both drugs and nucleic acids. Finally, the challenges and limitations associated with cationic cyclodextrin setups were discussed.
Zoom Auxiliary Imaging Lens Design for a Modulation Transfer Function Test System
Authors: Sheng Yicheng , Xu Sihan , Zhang Caishi , Su Binghua , Cao Dingxiang , Chen Zhe
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a zoom auxiliary imaging lens based on the four-component mechanical zoom method for a modulation transfer function (MTF) test system. The auxiliary imaging lenses of the current MTF test system typically use fixed-focus optical systems, which are unable to meet the test scenarios of fast and batch measurement and measure lenses with an extensive focal length range. Compared with the fixed-focus auxiliary imaging lens, the zoom auxiliary imaging lens can simultaneously satisfy the measurement of wide-angle and telephoto miniature lenses without losing measurement accuracy. The entrance pupil distance of the zoom lens is greater than that of traditional lenses, and it is constant for each focal length of the zoom lens. The zoom lens uses an intermediate real image surface to obtain the perfect image quality and lower the diameter of the rear group. Additionally, the zoom lens dynamically adjusts magnification to optimize image size and align with the detector’s pixel resolution, thereby preventing undersampling and enhancing measurement precision. The optical design is optimized for stability, delivering high resolution and minimal aberrations across the zoom range. The image quality of the zoom lens is nearly at the diffraction limit at each focal length, which significantly reduces the impact of the auxiliary lens on MTF test results, enhancing both flexibility and accuracy. This design is particularly well suited for testing miniature lenses in optoelectronic technology applications.
Perennial Grasses on Stony Sandy Loam Arenosol: Summary of Results of Long-Term Experiment in Northern Europe Region (1995–2024)
Authors: Tripolskaja Liudmila , Kazlauskaite-Jadzevice Asta , Razukas Almantas , Baksiene Eugenija
Published: January 2025

Grasses can sustain soil functions despite nutrient depletion, which can have serious consequences for soil processes and ecosystem services. This paper summarizes the results of the long-term experiment (1995–2024) carried out in Arenosol within a temperate climate zone, focusing on the productivity of natural and managed grasslands; their succession changes over time, and so do the effects on soil chemical properties, and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The results indicated that two land uses—abandoned land (AL) and grassland fertilized with mineral fertilizers (MGf)—can be effectively applied to prevent Arenosol soil degradation. SOC accumulation occurs more rapidly in AL soils, and their chemical properties show less change over time. The ability of grasses to sequester SOC is better reflected by SOC stocks across the Ah horizon, where thickness varies over long-term grassland use. Significant changes in soil properties were observed more than 20 years after converting arable to herbaceous land use. While MGf has the highest biomass productivity, the use of fertilizers leads to soil acidification. The biomass productivity of AL and MGf increased with longer grassland use; however, in MG, productivity decreased without fertilizers, reaching AL’s productivity levels after 20 years. As the age of AL increased, plant biodiversity decreased, and drought-resistant plants began to spread.
Mechanical Properties and Optimization Strategies of Tree Fork Structures
Authors: Peng Yi-Sen , Cheng Bai-You , Liu Tung-Chi
Published: January 2025

Trees are complex and dynamic living structures, where structural stability is essential for survival and for public safety in urban environments. Tree forks, as structural junctions, are key to tree integrity but are prone to failure under stress. The specific mechanical contributions of their internal conical structures remain largely unexplored. This study explores how conical structures optimize stress distribution, filling key gaps in the understanding of tree fork mechanics and supporting safety assessments. This study focused on the following factors: (1) external shape, (2) internal conical reinforcement, (3) interface of the conical connection, and (4) material changes within the conical structure. By analyzing physical samples to extract structural and morphological features, simulating these features in controlled variable models, and performing finite element analysis, we explored mechanical behavior, stress distribution, and performance characteristics, revealing the factors and mechanisms that strengthen tree forks. Insights from this study may facilitate safety assessments and inform pruning strategies for urban tree management.
Variations in the End-Use Quality of Whole Grain Flour Are Closely Related to the Metabolites in the Grains of Pigmented Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Wang Bin , Kang Jie , Wang Shuaiqi , Haider Fasih Ullah , Zhong Yingxin , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

Whole grain flour is considered a part of a healthy diet, especially when produced with pigmented wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, the specific metabolic pathways and mechanisms by which these metabolites affect the end-use quality of pigmented wheat varieties still need to be better understood. This study examined the relationship between metabolite concentrations and the end-use quality of three wheat varieties: common wheat (CW, JM20), black wheat (BW, HJ1), and green wheat (GW, HZ148). The study’s findings revealed significant differences in the accumulation of metabolic substances among the various pigmented wheat varieties. Specifically, BW and GW exhibited notably higher levels of amino acids, derivatives, and lipids than CW. The study’s findings revealed significant differences in the accumulation of metabolic substances among the various pigmented wheat varieties. Specifically, BW and GW exhibited notably higher levels of amino acids and their derivatives and lipids than CW. Amino acid derivatives, such as glutathione and creatine, are compounds formed through chemical modifications of amino acids and play crucial roles in antioxidative defense and energy metabolism. The gliadin and glutenin content of BW increased by 12% and 2%, respectively, compared to CW, due to elevated levels of amino acids and their derivatives, whereas GW was notable for its higher globulin content (an increase of 11.6%). BW was also distinguished by its exceptionally high anthocyanin content, including cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) (23.2 μg g−1), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (6.5 μg g−1), and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (2.3 μg g−1), which surpassed the levels found in both CW and GW (which approached zero). However, BW had lower gluten content, resulting in a greater weakening and reduced development and stability times. Conversely, GW exhibited an increased lipid metabolism, which was associated with a higher starch and gluten content, improving the maximum tensile resistance. Overall, the pigmented wheat varieties offer superior nutritional profiles and processing advantages, necessitating further research to optimize their commercial use.
The Effectiveness of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Extraction Methods in Gram-Negative Pseudomonas putida U
Authors: Getino Luis , García Irene , Cornejo Alfonso , Mateos Raúl , Ariza-Carmona Luisa M. , Sánchez-Castro Natalia , Moran José F. , R. Olivera Elías , Chamizo-Ampudia Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Bioplastics are emerging as a promising solution to reduce pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics. Among them, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) stand out as viable biotechnological alternatives, though their commercialization is limited by expensive downstream processes. Traditional PHA extraction methods often involve toxic solvents and high energy consumption, underscoring the need for more sustainable approaches. This study evaluated physical and chemical methods to extract PHAs from Pseudomonas putida U, a bacterium known to produce poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate P(3HO). Lyophilized cells underwent six extraction methods, including the use of the following: boiling, sonication, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and chloroform. Physical methods such as boiling and sonication achieved yields of 70% and 60%, respectively, but P(3HO) recovery remained low (30–40%). NaClO extraction provided higher yields (80%) but resulted in significant impurities (70%). NaOH methods offered moderate yields (50–80%), with P(3HO) purities between 50% and 70%, depending on the conditions. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques (FTIR, TGA, NMR, GPC) identified 0.05 M NaOH at 60 °C as the optimal extraction condition, delivering high P(3HO) purity while minimizing environmental impact. This positions NaOH as a sustainable alternative to traditional halogenated solvents, paving the way for more eco-friendly PHA production processes.
Structure and Functional Characteristics of Novel Polyurethane/Ferrite Nanocomposites with Antioxidant Properties and Improved Biocompatibility for Vascular Graft Development
Authors: Pergal Marija V. , Brkljačić Jelena , Vasiljević-Radović Dana , Steinhart Miloš , Ostojić Sanja , Dojčinović Biljana , Antić Bratislav , Tovilović-Kovačević Gordana
Published: January 2025

Novel ferrite/polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized using the in situ polymerization method after the addition of different spinel nanoferrite particles (copper, zinc, and copper–zinc) and examined as potential coatings for medical devices and implants in vascular tissue engineering. The influence of the nanoferrite type on the structure and functional characteristics of the polyurethane composites was investigated by FTIR, SWAXS, AFM, TGA, DSC, nanoindentation, swelling behavior, water contact angle, and water absorption measurements. Biocompatibility was evaluated by examining the cytotoxicity and adhesion of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts onto prepared composites and performing a protein adsorption test. The antioxidant activity was detected by UV–VIS spectroscopy using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Embedding the different types of nanoparticles in the polyurethane matrix increased phase mixing, swelling ability, and DPPH scavenging, decreased surface roughness, and differently affected the stiffness of the prepared materials. The composite with zinc ferrite showed improved mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, and antioxidant activity with similar thermal stability, but lower surface roughness and crosslinking density compared to the pristine polyurethane matrix. The in vitro biocompatibility evaluation demonstrates that all nanocomposites are non-toxic, exhibit good hemocompatibility, and promote cell adhesion, and recommends their use as biocompatible materials for the development of coatings for vascular implants.
A Two-Level Facility Layout Design Method with the Consideration of High-Risk Facilities in Chemical Industries
Authors: Xu Guanxin , Xu Siyu , Wang Yufei
Published: January 2025

Understanding facility layout design in chemical industries requires multi-disciplinary knowledge and experience. The recent work mainly focuses on improving safety and calculating the efficiency of the design. However, in chemical industries, facilities are always located in frames, so both facility layout and frame layout should be considered in the design, as well as safety. Such a situation has not been well studied. In this work, facilities are divided into several frames and then placed in a fixed area. The risk resources located in the frames and out of the frames are both contained, and the safety distances are compliant with relative regulations. Optimization and some heuristic rules are applied to obtain the layout of each frame and the whole plant. Moreover, fire embankments are considered to achieve a more realistic and reasonable final layout. As a result, compared with the initial one, the actual and potential safety factors and the reasonable degree of the factory layout are both improved. The total costs are reduced by 7.38 × 104 $·a−1. Through these steps, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proven.
Recent Trends in the Application of Photocatalytic Membranes in Removal of Emerging Organic Contaminants in Wastewater
Authors: Nelson Kipchumba , Mecha Achisa C. , Samuel Humphrey Mutuma , Suliman Zeinab A.
Published: January 2025

Increasing water pollution by bio-recalcitrant contaminants necessitates the use of robust treatment methods. Individual treatment methods are not effective against these emerging organic pollutants due to their stability in the environment. This has necessitated the use of advanced integrated systems such as photocatalytic membranes. Synergy in the reactive photocatalytic membranes effectively degrades the emerging organic pollutants. This review presents the state of the art in the synthesis and application of photocatalytic membranes in water and wastewater treatment. The study critically evaluates pertinent aspects required to improve the performance of photocatalytic membranes, such as tailored material synthesis, membrane fouling control, improved photocatalyst light absorption, use of visible light from sunlight, enhanced reaction kinetics through synergy, and regeneration and reuse. Previous studies report on the effectiveness of photocatalytic membranes in the removal of organic contaminants in synthetic and actual wastewater. As such, they show great potential in wastewater decontamination; however, they also face limitations that need to be addressed. The review identifies the challenges and provides a way forward in increasing the photoactivity of titanium oxide, fouling mitigation, scalability, improving cost effectiveness, enhancing membrane stability, and other aspects relevant in scaling up efforts from the lab scale to industrial scale.
Integrating GIS and AHP for Photovoltaic Farm Site Selection: A Case Study of Ikorodu, Nigeria
Authors: Onuoha Hubert , Denwigwe Iheanacho , Babatunde Olubayo , Abdulsalam Khadeejah Adebisi , Adebisi John , Emezirinwune Michael , Okharedia Taiwo , Akindayomi Akintade , Adisa Kolawole , Hamam Yskandar
Published: January 2025

Large-scale renewable energy plants such as solar photovoltaic (PV) farms are vital to the global transition to a green energy economy. They reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate climate change, and promote sustainable and resilient energy. However, large-scale solar PV farms need adequate planning and site selection for optimal performance. This study presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify optimal sites for utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) farms in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. By integrating critical environmental, technical, economic, and social factors, the model evaluates land suitability for solar energy projects across the study area. The finding indicates that 68.77% of the land is unsuitable for development, with only 17.78% classified as highly suitable and 12.67% as moderately suitable. Marginally suitable and most appropriate areas are minimal, at 0.73% and 0.04%, respectively. This study provides a replicable approach for stakeholders and policymakers aiming to implement sustainable energy solutions, aligning with national renewable energy targets. Future research could integrate dynamic factors such as community engagement, land use changes, and evolving environmental policies to enhance decision-making models. This framework offers valuable insights into renewable energy planning and contributes to advancing Nigeria’s transition to sustainable energy systems.
Making It Count: Pilgrimage and the Enumeration of Publics
Authors: Coleman Simon
Published: January 2025

An activity that is widespread but rarely closely examined in studies of pilgrimage is the enumeration of pilgrims (and related visitors) to shrines and their environs. Such “biopolitics of hosting” can play a significant role in mobilising the religious imagination of shrine administrators, especially in contexts of apparently growing secularity. Number can be deployed by professional hosts to represent undifferentiated visiting publics in terms of spiritual possibility. In these terms, precision in statistics is likely to be less useful than figures that can be viewed through a distanced lens of potentiality. These ideas are developed through an examination of the Christian pilgrimage site of Walsingham, in eastern England.
Religiosity and University Students’ Attitudes About Vaccination Against COVID-19
Authors: Petrović Jelena R. , Šuvaković Uroš V. , Nikolić Ivko A.
Published: January 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic; it transpired that there were different influences contributing to the people’s (un)willingness to be vaccinated. In our research, we start from the assumption that religiosity may be one of the reasons for such behaviour. The online snowball sample covered 361 students of the teacher education faculties in Serbia. The questionnaire consisted of questions referring to the attitudes about vaccination and the questionnaire about religiosity. The independent variable was the level of the students’ religiosity, while the dependent variables referred to their attitudes about vaccination. The data were processed with the aid of non-parametric and descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The results showed that there were differences in the students’ attitudes about vaccination and that the level of religiosity had an important role in the shaping of the students’ awareness of the importance of vaccination. Thus, the starting hypothesis was confirmed that religiosity is one of the factors of influence contributing to the formation of the attitudes about vaccination against COVID-19, which affected the health-risky behaviour among young people during the pandemic of this disease.
Romans 1:24–28 and Same-Sex Practice: Some Exegetical Remarks
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: January 2025

Few things can potentially divide (and are dividing) Christians like the LGBTIQ+ issue. Conservative churches argue that sexuality forms an integral part of the human being and, hence, that sexual sin falls in a category of its own in any catalogue of sins. It is sin committed in the human body that radically affects one’s participation in Christ’s earthly body. To act on the realisation of same-sex lust is in itself sinful. Same-sex practices are viewed as sexual sin and all practitioners are condemned. On the other hand, there are Christians who accept that a homosexual orientation can be a biological given that needs to be accepted but that God views homosexual practice as an evil that should be avoided at all costs. Then there are also Christians who accept that a homosexual orientation is integral to some people’s humanity and accept same-sex behaviour as a regular expression of sexuality. Romans 1 plays a key role in the church’s discussion of the issue. The article reconsiders the textual evidence, using an exegetical model based on the historical–critical method combined with biblical theology. The conclusion is that Romans 1:24–29 refers to same-sex behaviour within the context of the Gentile world of idolatry that engages in wilful transgression of God’s bounds, resulting in degeneration in the lives of offenders.
A Sliding Mode Approach to Vector Field Path Following for a Fixed-Wing UAV
Authors: Pugi Luca , Franchi Lorenzo , Favilli Samuele , Mattei Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has recently experienced increasing development, leading to the creation of a wide variety of autonomous solutions. In this paper, a guidance strategy for straight and orbital paths following fixed-wing small UAVs is presented. The proposed guidance algorithm is based on a reference vector field as desired, with 16 courses for the UAV to follow. A sliding mode approach is implemented to improve the robustness and effectiveness, and the asymptotic convergence of the aircraft to the desired trajectory in the presence of constant wind disturbances is proved according to Lyapunov. The algorithm exploits the banking dynamics and generates reference signals for the inner-loop aileron control. A MATLAB&Simulink® simulation environment is used to verify the performance and robustness of the compared guidance algorithms. This high-fidelity model considers the six-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) whole-flight dynamics of the UAV and it is based on experimental flight test data to implement the aerodynamic behavior.
Derivation of Hyperspectral Profiles for Global Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) and Their Application in Satellite Sensor Cross-Calibration
Authors: Fajardo Rueda Juliana , Leigh Larry , Kaewmanee Morakot , Byregowda Harshitha , Teixeira Pinto Cibele
Published: January 2025

This study presents the selection of 20 Extended Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (EPICS) for radiometric calibration and the derivation of their hyperspectral profiles using the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) and Hyperion data. The hyperspectral profile of one of these clusters, the GONA-EPICS cluster, was validated against ground truth measurements from the RadCalNet Gobabeb Namibia (GONA) site, demonstrating statistical agreement within their respective uncertainties through Welch’s test. The applicability of these hyperspectral profiles was further evaluated by generating Spectral Band Adjustment Factor (SBAF) between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A using the GONA-EPICS hyperspectral profile and comparing them to SBAF values derived from RadCalNet GONA site measurements. SBAF results were statistically the same, while SBAF derived from the combined DESIS and Hyperion data exhibited reduced uncertainty compared to those derived using Hyperion data alone, which is attributed to DESIS’s finer spectral resolution (2.5 nm vs. 10 nm). To assess EPICS applicability in cross-calibration, Cluster 13-GTS, which includes pixels from the Libya 4 CNES ROI, was used as a target. Cross-calibration gains obtained using EPICS and the T2T cross-calibration methodology were compared to those from the traditional cross-calibration approach using Libya 4 CNES ROI. Results demonstrated statistically similar gains, with EPICS achieving an uncertainty better than 6% across all bands compared to 4.4% for the traditional method, while enabling global coverage for daily cross-calibration opportunities. This study introduces globally distributed EPICS with validated hyperspectral profiles, offering enhanced spectral resolution and reliability for radiometric calibration and stability monitoring. The methodology supports efficient global scale sensor calibration and prepares for future hyperspectral missions.
ESO-Based Non-Singular Terminal Filtered Integral Sliding Mode Backstepping Control for Unmanned Surface Vessels
Authors: Yuan Jianping , Chai Zhuohui , Chen Qingdong , Dong Zhihui , Wan Lei
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the control challenges faced by unmanned surface vessels (USVs) in complex environments, such as nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, and environmental perturbations, we propose a non-singular terminal integral sliding mode control strategy based on an extended state observer (ESO). The strategy first employs a third-order linear extended state observer to estimate the total disturbances of the USV system, encompassing both external disturbances and internal nonlinearities. Subsequently, a backstepping sliding mode controller based on the Lyapunov theory is designed to generate the steering torque control commands for the USV. To further enhance the tracking performance of the system, we introduce a non-singular terminal integral sliding mode surface with a double power convergence law and redesign the backstepping sliding mode controller for the USV heading control. Meanwhile, to circumvent the differential explosion issue in traditional backstepping control, we simplify the controller design by utilizing a second-order sliding mode filter to accurately estimate the differential signals of the virtual control quantities. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm improves the convergence speed, adaptive ability, and anti-interference ability in complex environments compared to traditional linear backstepping sliding mode control, thereby enhancing its engineering practicability. This research offers a more efficient and reliable method for precise heading control and path tracking of USVs in complex and dynamic environments.
In-Situ Cure-Induced Strain Measurements Using Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings for Residual Stress Determinations in Thermosets
Authors: Mikkelsen Lars P. , Jørgensen Jesper K. , Mortensen Ulrich A. , Andersen Tom L.
Published: January 2025

A small experimental setup for in-situ measurement of the load-transferring strains during the curing process of thermosets is proposed. Combining the output from an unconstrained and a kinematically constrained setup, it is possible to design a cure profile for the first time, lowering the residual stresses in the final product while keeping the cure time short based on the output from a few simple experiments. The stress relaxation during the curing process under a kinetically constrained condition is accounted for by comparing the final cure-induced strain during a kinetically unconstrained and constrained cure experiment. The constrained polymer is curing between two laminates where the constraining layer is removed after finalizing the cure profile, making it possible to measure the final cure-induced strain for that case as well. The temperature at which the load-transferring point is reached is found to be a key process parameter from which the final cure-induced strains can be predicted for the unconstrained case. From the corresponding constrained cure experiments, the final residual stresses can be measured.
Abandoning the Car to Embrace the Bicycle in Urban France: A Model of Modal Shift for Daily Commuting Routines
Authors: Gras Gentiletti Marion , Cahour Béatrice , Safin Stéphane
Published: January 2025

The current climate context is prompting a reconsideration of transportation modes, with the bicycle offering significant benefits, including reduced emissions, noise pollution, and urban congestion and improved public health. Despite policies encouraging cycling, many urban French citizens struggle to adopt it. Rather than focusing on barriers, this study examines individuals who have reduced or abandoned car use in favor of cycling in urban areas. The study describes the modal shift process of 20 individuals from four cities in France, with diverse socio-economic backgrounds and ages. Through semi-structured, biographical interviews, key stages in the transition are identified: predispositions, triggering factors, exploration and trial, and long-term appropriation. The article also explores situations where cyclists revert to car use for specific trips. Findings reveal favorable conditions for cycling but also highlight challenges, offering insights that could influence urban planning policies in France.
The Antagonistic Activity of Beneficial Fungi and Mechanisms Underlying Their Protective Effects on Plants Against Phytopathogens
Authors: Brazhnikova Yelena , Belimov Andrey , Ignatova Lyudmila , Mukasheva Togzhan , Karpenyuk Tatyana , Goncharova Alla
Published: January 2025

Among the different strategies of plant protection from phytopathogens, the use of beneficial fungi has been described as a sustainable, eco-friendly approach. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of beneficial fungal strains in vitro and in vivo. The studied strains (Beauveria bassiana T7, Beauveria bassiana T15, Metarhizium robertsii An1, Talaromyces pinophilus T14) had pronounced antagonistic activity against three phytopathogens (the growth inhibition was 18.2–51%). In pot experiments, the studied strains significantly reduced the level of stress in barley plants caused by phytopathogenic load. The beneficial effect of the strains consisted of an increase in the morphometric parameters of plants and a positive effect on photosynthetic pigments and proline levels. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase level of the strains varied from 0.95 to 2.73 µM α-KB mg protein−1 h−1. The most significant mechanisms of antagonistic action of the M. robertsii An1 strain were the following: the production of hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase and glucanase activity amounted to 0.23 U mL−1 and 3.42 U mL−1, respectively) and the synthesis of soluble volatile and non-volatile compounds with antifungal properties, including destruxin E, destruxin A, and hydroxyanthraquinones. The results obtained revealed the potential of the studied strains for their integration into a sustainable agricultural system.
Exploring Transformative Ecotourism Experiences on Italian Pathways Through Online Reviews
Authors: Marasco Alessandra , Marchi Valentina
Published: January 2025

Transformative tourism experiences have attracted considerable scholarly interest in the recent past and deserve further attention to advance knowledge on the role of tourism in human transformation. This study aims to advance the understanding of the triggers and dimensions of transformative ecotourism experiences through the analysis of travelers’ online reviews relating to 10 Italian Pathways (Cammini d’Italia). A total of 742 reviews from 2010 to 2022 were collected from TripAdvisor using a web scraping procedure and analyzed by applying text mining techniques. This analysis explored the cognitive, affective, sensory, social and other experiential factors that can trigger tourists’ transformative experiences and their relationship with behavioral, psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions of transformation. The findings provide evidence of the association of cognitive and sensory triggers and the search for unusual, special tourism experiences to transformative experiences, with specific regard to the psychological, spiritual and physical dimensions. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are provided to improve the understanding and promotion of transformative tourism experiences in this context.
How Can the Business Environment Promote Urban Innovation and High-Quality Development?—A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Perspective of Configuration
Authors: Xie Zongcheng , Yang Xuanzhi
Published: January 2025

The high-quality development of urban innovation provides important support for implementing new development concepts, constructing new development patterns, and promoting high-quality development. Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) theoretical analysis framework, this paper takes 19 first-tier cities and 30 second-tier cities as research samples, explores the multiple path combinations of the business environment on urban high-quality development from a configuration perspective, and uses the fsQCA method. The research results show that the following are true: (1) The innovation ecology is the sole necessary condition for the high-quality development of urban innovation development; (2) efficient financial services and comprehensive market size play a crucial role in enabling cities to achieve high-quality innovation development; and (3) there are three configurations driving high-quality urban innovation development, namely the “Balanced Synergy Pathway”, the “Organizational Synergy Pathway”, and the “Technological Synergy Pathway”. This study explores the impact of the coupling of the business environment on the high-quality development of urban innovation, reveals the diverse configuration relationships of the business environment in urban high-quality development, and has important theoretical and practical significance for the high-quality development policies of cities.
Degradation Potential of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Composites Immersed in Real and Simulated Acidic Environments
Authors: Marathe Shriram , Szemiot-Jankowska Natalia , Kumar Sanjeev , Muthu Murugan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the degradation potential of metakaolin-based geopolymer (GP) composites when exposed to real and simulated acidic environments. Traditional OPC concrete, commonly used in wastewater treatment facilities, faces considerable deterioration due to the destructive chemical composition of municipal wastewater. This extensive investigation aims to assess the performance of GP composites as a sustainable alternative to such materials. The metakaolin-based GP mortar samples were prepared and subjected to immersion in a primary clarifier unit at a local wastewater treatment plant (real) and a laboratory-made acetic acid solution (simulation) for up to four weeks after curing. The analysis included measurements of % strength and % weight loss, as well as characterization techniques such as isothermal calorimetry, microstructure (SEM), and mercury porosimetry (MIP). The outcomes signified a cumulative heat generation of 534 J/g at three days, with an average compressive strength of 79.4 MPa past 28 days. Exposure to acetic acid led to a 13% decline in compressive strength and a 3.90% loss in sample weight, while exposure to real wastewater resulted in an 18% strength and a 5.60% weight loss. Observations from SEM revealed microstructural changes, including the formation of biofilms and air voids, indicating multifaceted interactions between the GP matrix and its surrounding environment. This research effectively highlights the potential of metakaolin-based geopolymer composites to improve durability against acidic conditions, suggesting future applications in the construction of infrastructure exposed to such harsh chemical environments.
Future Roadmap for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals SDG9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure in Kuwait
Authors: Edbais Ahmad , Hossain Mokarram
Published: January 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals 9 (known as the SDG9): Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure are crucial objectives for Kuwait since they are essential to the nation’s attempts to achieve sustainable development and economic diversification. Using the recently available literature, this research attempts to understand and investigate the current level of SDG9 implementation in the context of Kuwait. Data from the SDGs database based on published studies and reports were used in this study. The actual level of SDG9 implementation in Kuwait still faces significant challenges. The roadmap to achieving the SDG9 goals was improved based on the analysis of SDG9 targets and identifying the reasons and factors for developing each target. The results indicate that Kuwait should encourage non-oil businesses, including manufacturing and renewable energy, to diversify its economy and reduce its dependency on oil. Efforts need to be taken to improve industrial infrastructure, encourage innovation, and advance research and development (R&D) activities. To attract capital and skills for infrastructure development, Kuwait should also promote public–private partnerships. In order to achieve the SDG9 goals, it is suggested that policymakers foster innovation and technology adoption, support small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), promote sustainable industrial practices, build industrial infrastructure, improve vocational and technical education, encourage international cooperation and technology transfer, monitor progress, and set targets.