bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Airport security contradictions: Interorganizational entanglements and changing work practices
Authors: Bassetti Chiara
Published: March 2017

Taking the highly-institutionalized, socio-technical domain of airport security as its empirical basis, the article focuses on interorganizational workplaces marked by public/private dialectics, and their impact on changing work practices, identity processes, and power-resistance relations. The empirical material stems from the ethnography that I conducted at an Italian international airport (April 2013–March 2015). Data include fieldnotes, interviews, and video recordings. Having described the institutional and operational scenario, I outline the contradictory pressures characterizing the considered setting, and the way security personnel make sense of and cope with them. Then I discuss a case of techno-organizational change concerning a technology in use at security checkpoints (Threat Image Projection). I show how the interorganizational context produces unforeseen and undesigned ‘second order’ change effects, and how such effects may escalate workers’ resistance. I close with some general reflections on ambivalent interorganizational working orders.
A geovisual analytics approach for analyzing event-based geospatial anomalies within movement data
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Ul Hasan Monjur
Published: March 2017

Comparing data collected on the movement of an entity to data on the location where the entity was reported to have been can be useful in monitoring and enforcement situations. Anomalies between these datasets may be indicative of illegal activity, systematic reporting errors, data entry errors, or equipment failure. While finding obvious anomalies may be a simple task, the discovery of more subtle inconsistencies can be challenging when there is a mismatch in the temporal granularity between the datasets, or when they cover large temporal and geographic ranges. We have developed a geovisual analytics approach called Visual Exploration of Movement-Event Anomalies (VEMEA) that automatically extracts potential anomalies from the data, visually encodes these on a map, and provides interactive filtering and exploration tools to allow expert analysts to investigate and evaluate the anomalies. Using two case studies from the fisheries enforcement domain, the value of VEMEA is illustrated for both confirmatory and exploratory data analysis tasks. Field trial evaluations conducted with expert fisheries data analysts further support the benefits of the approach.
Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Blonde Lawrence , Aschner Pablo , Bailey Clifford , Ji Linong , Leiter Lawrence A , Matthaei Stephan ,   on behalf of the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management
Published: March 2017

Background:

Glycaemic control is suboptimal in a large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes who are consequently at an increased and avoidable risk of potentially severe complications. We sought to explore attitudes and practices among healthcare professionals that may contribute to suboptimal glycaemic control through a review of recent relevant publications in the scientific literature.

Methods:

An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant publications from January 2011 to July 2015. The electronic search was complemented by a manual search of abstracts from key diabetes conferences in 2014/2015 available online.

Results:

Recently published data indicate that glycaemic control is suboptimal in a substantial proportion (typically 40%–60%) of people with diabetes. This is the case across geographic regions and in both low- and higher-income countries. Therapeutic inertia appears to be an important contributor to poor glycaemic control in up to half of people with type 2 diabetes. In particular, prescribers are often willing to tolerate extended periods of ‘mild’ hyperglycaemia as well as having low expectations for their patients. There are often delays of 3 years or longer in initiating or intensifying glucose-lowering therapy when needed.

Conclusion:

Many people with type 2 diabetes are failed by current management, with approximately half not achieving or maintaining appropriate target blood glucose levels, leaving these patients at increased and avoidable risk of serious complications.

Review criteria:

The methodology of this review article is detailed in the ‘Methods’ section.
Asthma Disparity Photovoice: The Discourses of Black Adolescent and Public Health Policymakers
Authors: Evans-Agnew Robin Andrew
Published: March 2017

Background. Policies in U.S. public schools that address asthma management for Black adolescents may not sufficiently transform sociocultural determinants of disparities. A critical analysis of public health policy maker and adolescent discourses on asthma management using an ecological framework could inform policy development. This study describes the discourses of asthma management disparities of school and other public health policymakers and Black adolescents with asthma during a statewide asthma planning activity. Method. I conducted a qualitative critical discourse analysis on transcripts and phototexts from a photovoice project with Black adolescents with asthma (n = 19), an asthma-planning meeting with school and public health policymakers (n = 12), and an observation of a photovoice dissemination event that included the same adolescents and policymakers. Results. Policymakers did not discuss sociocultural discourses concerning asthma management disparities such as racism and discrimination, but the adolescents did. The only shared discourses between adolescents and policymakers were on the management of indoor environments, health care quality, inadequate housing, and outdoor air pollution. Conclusions. Including Black adolescents in policymaking activities concerning asthma management disparities furthers the identification of differing and shared discourses. School policies should include multilevel strategies that address structural inequities. Photovoice presents an opportunity for including the voice of marginalized youth in policy-planning processes.
Effect of different cuff types on blood pressure measurement: Variation in BP values for different cuff types
Authors: Naqvi Shenela , Potluri Prasad , Mandal Parthasarathi , Lewis Philip
Published: March 2017

Accurate measurement of blood pressure is very important as high blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Most non-invasive blood pressure measurement systems depend on a blood pressure cuff mostly made of fabrics but these differ widely in geometry and mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of differences in cuff construction on the arterial pressure, a numerical model using DICOM data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scan is presented. The model arm was loaded with experimentally obtained interface pressures for eight different types of cuffs made of coated woven and non-woven fabrics. Variations of up to 27 mmHg in estimated systolic and up to 17 mmHg diastolic BP were found. Data were collected at inflation pressures between 80 and 130 mmHg to reflect the normal range of human systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pressure transmission from the arm to the arterial surface was less than 90% under all the blood pressure cuffs except one with a rubber bladder which showed a 95% transmission ratio. The results from this study demonstrate wide variations in the arterial pressure values between cuffs of different types and cuffs supplied by a single manufacturer. It is crucial that a blood pressure cuff applies a known value of pressure around the arm. This study shows that blood pressure measurements may be critically affected by the fabric types used to construct blood pressure cuffs, leading to potentially serious errors in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.
How Globo media manipulated the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff
Authors: van Dijk Teun A
Published: March 2017

The impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in 2016 was the result of a coup of the economically dominant conservative oligarchy against the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT, the Worker’s Party), in power since 2003. The right wing Brazilian media played a crucial role in this coup by manipulating public opinion as well as the politicians who voted against Dilma. In particular, the media of the powerful Globo Corporation, such as O Globo newspaper, and especially Globo’s Jornal Nacional, the pervasive TV news program, systematically demonized and delegitimized Dilma, as well as ex-President Lula and the PT, in their news reports and editorials by selectively associating them with pervasive corruption and attributing the serious economic recession to them. After a summary of this sociopolitical context, and a brief theoretical definition of manipulation, this article examines some of the manipulative strategies of O Globo’s editorials during March and April 2016.
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system altered in resistant hypertension in Sub-Saharan African diabetes patients without evidence of primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Edinga-Melenge Bertille Elodie , Ama Moor Vicky J , Nansseu Jobert Richie N , Nguetse Djoumessi Romance , Mengnjo Michel K , Katte Jean-Claude , Noubiap Jean Jacques N , Sobngwi Eugene
Published: March 2017

Background

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be altered in patients with resistant hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity and resistant hypertension in Cameroonian diabetes patients with resistant hypertension.

Methods

We carried out a case-control study including 19 diabetes patients with resistant hypertension and 19 diabetes patients with controlled hypertension matched to cases according to age, sex and duration of hypertension since diagnosis. After collection of data, fasting blood was collected for measurement of sodium, potassium, chloride, active renin and plasma aldosterone of which the aldosterone-renin ratio was derived to assess the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Then, each participant received 2000 ml infusion of saline solution after which plasma aldosterone was re-assayed.

Results

Potassium levels were lower among cases compared to controls (mean: (4.10 ± 0.63 mmol/l vs. 4.47 ± 0.58 mmol/l), though nonsignificant (p = 0.065). Active renin, plasma aldosterone both before and after the dynamic test and aldosterone-renin ratio were comparable between cases and controls (all p values > 0.05). Plasma aldosterone significantly decreased after the dynamic test in both groups (p < 0.001), but no participant exhibited a post-test value>280 pmol/l. We found a significant negative correlation between potassium ion and plasma aldosterone (ρ = −0.324; p = 0.047), the other correlations being weak and unsignificant.

Conclusion

Although this study failed to show an association between RH and primary hyperaldosteronism in our context, there was a hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Moreover, this study confirms the importance of potassium dosage when screening the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Neonatal cholestasis mimicking biliary atresia: Could it be urinary tract infection?
Authors: Pereira Noella Maria Delia , Shah Ira
Published: March 2017

Cholestasis can occur in newborns due to infections. However, the manifestations of the underlying infections usually dominate the presentation. We present a 2-month-old infant who presented with jaundice and no fever or signs of systemic illness. Liver biopsy was suggestive of cholangitis. He was subsequently detected to have urinary tract infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The child was treated with appropriate antibiotics for 2 weeks following which the cholestasis resolved. Thus, neonatal cholestasis due to infections can also occur in the post-neonatal period without clinical manifestations of an underlying infection.
Expectancy, usage and acceptance by general practitioners and patients: exploratory results from a study in the German outpatient sector
Authors: Albrecht Urs-Vito , Afshar Kambiz , Illiger Kristin , Becker Stefan , Hartz Tobias , Breil Bernhard , Wichelhaus Daniel , von Jan Ute
Published: March 2017

Objective

The study’s objective was to assess factors contributing to the use of smart devices by general practitioners (GPs) and patients in the health domain, while specifically addressing the situation in Germany, and to determine whether, and if so, how both groups differ in their perceptions of these technologies.

Methods

GPs and patients of resident practices in the Hannover region, Germany, were surveyed between April and June 2014. A total of 412 GPs in this region were invited by email to participate via an electronic survey, with 50 GPs actually doing so (response rate 12.1%). For surveying the patients, eight regional resident practices were visited by study personnel (once each). Every second patient arriving there (inclusion criteria: of age, fluent in German) was asked to take part (paper-based questionnaire). One hundred and seventy patients participated; 15 patients who did not give consent were excluded.

Results

The majority of the participating patients (68.2%, 116/170) and GPs (76%, 38/50) owned mobile devices. Of the patients, 49.9% (57/116) already made health-related use of mobile devices; 95% (36/38) of the participating GPs used them in a professional context. For patients, age ( P < 0.001) and education ( P < 0.001) were significant factors, but not gender ( P > 0.99). For doctors, neither age ( P = 0.73), professional experience ( P > 0.99) nor gender ( P = 0.19) influenced usage rates. For patients, the primary use case was obtaining health (service)-related information. For GPs, interprofessional communication and retrieving information were in the foreground. There was little app-related interaction between both groups.

Conclusions

GPs and patients use smart mobile devices to serve their specific interests. However, the full potentials of mobile technologies for health purposes are not yet being taken advantage of. Doctors as well as other care providers and the patients should work together on exploring and realising the potential benefits of the technology.
Patellar tendon healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in football players
Authors: Tzoanos Georgios Nikolaos , Tsavalas Nikolaos , Manidakis Nikolaos , Kalliakmanis Alkiviadis
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

To investigate the healing process of the harvested patellar tendon at 12±2 and 24±2 months following Bone-Patellar-Bone (BTB) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods:

30 football players were enrolled in our study and examined at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively. Donor and contralateral tendons evaluated with a high frequency ultrasound transducer. The maximum anteroposterior (MAP) and maximum transverse (MT) diameters of the patellar tendon and associated defect at the site of the tendon incision measured at its proximal, middle and distal thirds. The presence of vascular flow was examined with Doppler imaging. Echogenicity of the patellar tendon defect was graded as low, mixed or normal compared to the contralateral tendon.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference between the mean MAP and MT diameters of the donor tendons at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively (P>0.05). The mean MAP and MT diameters of the patellar tendon defect at 24±2 months were significantly smaller compared to 12±2 months postoperatively (P<0.01). The mean MAP diameter of the harvested tendon was significantly greater at all measured sites in comparison to the contralateral tendon at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean MT diameters of the donor and healthy tendons at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively (P>0.05). At 12±2 months, the mean MAP diameter of the patellar tendon defect was 4.0±2.1 mm, 4.7±2.8 mm and 4.1±2.4 mm at the proximal, middle and distal third of the tendon respectively. The mean MT diameter of the defect was 3.3±2.2 mm (proximal third), 2.9±1.6 mm (middle third) and 2.1±0.9 mm (distal third). 2 of tendon defects showed low echogenicity, 6 mixed echogenicity, 2 patients normal echogenicity. At 24±2 months the mean MAP diameter of the patellar tendon defect was 0.3±0.3 mm, 0.4±0.4 mm and 0.3±0.3 mm at the proximal, middle and distal third of the tendon respectively. The mean MT diameter of the defect was 0.3±0.3 mm (proximal third), 0.2±0.2 mm (middle third) and 0.2±0.2 mm (distal third). 27 of patients demonstrated normal echogenicity, 1 low echogenicity, while 2 mixed echogenicity. No tendon exhibited any signs of neovascularization at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Patellar tendons after BTB ACL reconstruction were characterized by increased thickness at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively. Solid healing were evident in 2 patients by 12±2 months and in 27 by 24±2 months. No inflammatory changes were observed at 12±2 and 24±2 months postoperatively. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
Optimizing the value of the posterior condylar offset, proximal tibial resection and slope in order to achieve the right balance of the posterior cruciate ligament - clinical application of the molding function of the two parts of the PCL
Authors: Bogojevski Ljubomir , Doksevska Milena Bogojevska
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

In order to achieve the right balance of the posterior cruciate ligament using the skeletal method is very difficult, almost impossible (Mahoney). Our hypothesis for the right balance of the PCL by using the skeletal method is based on several defined facts: - PCL is a union based of two anatomically independent, but functionally synergic parts, posteromedial and anterolateral part. - The length of the posteromedial part of the PCL is determined by the belonging of the medial compartment and is shortest in varus and longest in valgus deformation. - The length of the anterolateral part of the PCL, placed centrally is unchangeable (cca 38 mm) in every knee and is independent from the anatomical appearance (deformation). - The cylindrical shape of the distal posterior part of the femur (Ficat) depends of the molding function of the PCL (Kapandji) and is a result of the proportion of the both parts of the PCL that is consisted of: shorter posteromedial part, less bone stock on the medial and more bone stock on the lateral condyle (varus knee) and vice versa, longer posteromedial part, more bone stock on the medial condyle and less on the lateral (valgus knee). According to that, the neutral bone stock is achieved by equalization of the lengths of the two parts (common radius of the cylinder) of the PCL, that is basis for the interligamentary balance of the posterior cruciate ligament.

Methods:

The basic characteristics of the interligamentary balance of the PCL that we started in 2008 are the following: 1. Posterior condylar offset is equal to the even length of the both part of the PCL. 2. Decrease of the values of proximal tibial resection from 10 in varus to 4-6 in valgus. 3. Femoral valgus cut from 6 in excessive varus deformity to 4 in valgus.

Results:

The clinical evaluation of the cases divided in groups excessive varus, mean varus, valgus type 1, 2 (Krakow) showed right distribution in the groups of the postoperative ROM and intraoperative tenacity of the PCL (POLO test and palpation test), as a confirmation to the hypothesis.

Conclusions:

The ligamentary apparatus of the knee by the molding function depends on the skeletal morphology of the distal posterior femur to the degree that there aren’t two identical knees (Kapandji). According to that, every PCL has its own knee.
Etiological importance of training frequency, age and prevalance of Femoroacetabular İmpingement(FAİ) in pediatric male athletes
Authors: Polat Gökhan , Arzu Ufuk , Dinç Engin , Bayraktar Bülent
Published: March 2017

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAİ) is a prearthrozic disease that causes hip pain in adolescent-adult patients. The aim of the study is, determining the prevalence of asymptomatic radiographic findings of FAİ, to examine the evaluation of prevalence difference according to age groups and the impact of the levels of physical activity at developmental period on the development of asymptomatic FAİ.

Materials-Methods:

In our study, we included 214 pediatric athletes from 8 football teams operating in Istanbul between 11-18 years of age in September 2015- January 2016. Ethics Committee approval was obtained for our study. AP pelvis and Frog-leg radiographs, curriculum vitae of the athletes, their injuries, and their realtime complaints have been questioned. The alpha angle, CE angle, Tonnis angle, collodiaphyseal angle is measured from the resulting AP and Frog leg radiographs and terms of morphological abnormalities (FAİ, dysplasia and coxa vara…) was noted. Also athletes dominant feet, weekly training period and the years they play soccer was noted. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Student-T test.

Results:

The average age of the 214 pediatric male athletes that included was 15(10-18). Asymptomatic FAİ prevalence of all ages was %29.9, % 0 in the range of 10-12 years, %13.1 in the range of 13-15 years, %45.7 in the 15-18 age range. These findings showed that significantly increased prevalence of FAİ in line with age in pediatric athletes statistically (p <0.05). The mean right hip alpha angle of all athletes was 50.7, left alpha angle was 50.3, right-CE angle was 28.6, left CE angle was 29.5, right Tönnis Angle 6.6, left Tönnis angle 5.0, right neck-shaft angle 133.9, left neck-shaft angle 134.7 degrees found. There was 7 acetabular dysplasia, 56 athletes with CAM type FAS, 4 athletes Pincer type FAS, and 4 combined FAS was found. There was no significant statistical relationship in the prevalences of FAİ between the number of years he worked as an athlete or the side which they hit the ball. However a positive correlation was found between weekly training hours (p <0.05). There were no statistical relationship between morphological abnormalities and previous injuries.

Discussion:

Among the etiology oriented researches, investigation for developmental factors still continues. İn our study, it is found that the sports activities in the pediatric period that are accused can be a factor in FAİ development due to the positive correlation between pediatric athletes age ang training frequency.
Is it possible to use stress radiographs as a tool to diagnose medial meniscus posterior root tears?
Authors: Daştan Ali Engin , Biçer Elcil Kaya , Kaya Hüseyin , Taşkıran Emin
Published: March 2017

Aim:

Medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) causes meniscal extrusion, loss of meniscus function, arthritic changes. Clinical history, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are useful for the diagnosis of MMPRT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of stress X-rays in the diagnosis of MMPRT.

Methods:

Twenty patients who had undergone high tibial osteotomy between March 2015 and May 2016 and whose preoperative bilateral varus and valgus stress x-rays (Telos device) along with weight bearing x-rays were available were included. These patients were grouped into two according to integrity of posterior roots of their medial menisci; there were ten patients both in the study and control groups. Lateral joint space width (LJW) on varus stress x-rays, medial joint space width (MJW) on valgus stress x-rays as well as LJW and MJW on weight bearing x-rays were measured bilaterally. Intragroup comparisons of joint space widths between index and opposite knees were performed. Differences of MJW and LJW between index and opposite knees were calculated. Differences of joint space widths between stress x-rays and weight bearing x-rays were also calculated. The changes in joint space widths between the two groups were compared. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing SPSS 18.0. Significance level was set at 0.05.

Results:

In MMPRT group, opening of LJ space of index knees under varus stress was greater than that of opposite knees (Index: (mean±SD) 10,27±1,17 mm, opposite: 8,61±1,37 mm; p<0,0001). In the control group the difference was not significant (Index: 9,29±2,55 mm, opposite: 9,68±1,44 mm; p=0,566). The difference in the opening of LJW (under varus stress) between index and opposite knees was significantly greater in the study group (p=0,013). The difference between LJW under weight-bearing and varus stress conditions was significantly greater in the study group. (Study: 3,64±0.217 mm, control:2,28±0,182 mm, p=0.018).

Conclusions:

The findings of this study showed that in patients who had MMPRTs, an increased opening in the LJW was observed under varus stress conditions. This may be relevant with the fact that when varus stress is applied, meniscal extrusion is increased in case of a MMPRT. Stress x-rays could be a useful tool in the diagnosis of MMPRTs. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this diagnostic tool.
Impact on Quality of Life of Patients With Different Knee Pathology and Duration of Rehabilitation
Authors: Canan Gülvin , Çelik Derya
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

Many knee pathologies negatively affects the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between type of pathology, duration of rehabilitation and quality of life.

Method:

154 (mean age, 34.74 ± 11.8 years, 73 women) patients with meniscectomy, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and patellofemoral pain syndrome treated conservatively were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 14.5 (range, 8-20) months. The patients were divided into 3 groups; meniscectomy group (Group 1; 52 patients; mean age, 37.0 ± 8.9, 27 women), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group (Group 2; 47 patients; mean age, 28.6 ± 8.5 years, 11 women) and patellofemoral pain syndrome group (Group 3; 50 patients; mean age, 37.7 ± 13.6, 35 women). Short Form (SF-36) was used to assess the quality of life. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with the SPSS 20 software. p <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Group 2 was found significantly younger (p=0.001). The SF-36 subscales exept physical role and mental health were different among groups ( Table 1 ). When this difference was analysed, social, physical and mental health were found to be better in Group 2. [Table: see text]

Conclusion:

Quality of life and function of the patients appears to be significantly better in the anterior cruciate ligament group. Anterior cruciate ligament injury usually affects the younger population and they have higher motivation for treatment. In addition, we believe that patients takes longer rehabilitation program has better qality of life.
Clinical Effectiveness of Single band Augumentation for Parsiel Anterior Crusiat Ligamet Lesions
Authors: Çiçek Hakan , Tuhanioğlu Ümit , Seyfettinoğlu Fırat , Oğur Hasan Ulaş , Erdoğan Çagrı
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study is demonsrated of single band augumentation for traumatic partial lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament.Method: A restospecific investigation is performed in our medical clinic to 15 patients suffering from partial anterior cruciate ligament tears and other 15 suffering from total anterior cruciate ligament lesion that were operated between 2012-2014. The time between treatment appointment and patients having preoparative trauma, knee extensor group muscular athrophy; treatment duration, knee movement interval and Lysholm score were investigated ( Table -1 ) [Table: see text]

Surgical Technique: Total rupture of the ACL reconstruction was also performed by Anatomical medial portal technique with Hamstring auto graft. Parsiel ACL rupture in; maintaining a solid band with auto graft was augument Hamstring single band with a solid band anatomic medial portal technique.Parsiel load and the same physical therapy protocol was applied to all patients by postoperative day 2.

Result:

Parsiel or total ACL rupture considering the age range of the patients identified as observed weight in younger age groups. The parsiel lesions of clinical symptoms, late treatment applications to a doctor was observed. Independent from the trauma date, when groups were compared in terms of preoperative extensor total ACL rupture of muscle atrophy, it was also found to be more pronounced. Postoperative clinical score and the Lysholm score was seen as similar to each other.

Conclusion:

Although the total ACL rupture were also significantly more than the preoperative clinical symptoms parsiel ACL rupture, we believe that the Parsiel ACL ruptures single band augumentasyo the total ACL rupture lesions as successful as treatment outcomes. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
As-bearing new mineral species from Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Piedmont, Italy: III. Canosioite, Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH), description and crystal structure
Authors: Cámara F. , Bittarello E. , Ciriotti M. E. , Nestola F. , Radica F. , Massimi F. , Balestra C. , Bracco R.
Published: March 2017

The new mineral species canosioite, ideally Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH), has been discovered in the dump of Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. Its origin is probably related to the reaction between ore minerals and hydrothermal fluids. It occurs in reddish-brown granules, subhedral millimetre-size crystals, with a pale yellow streak and vitreous lustre. Canosioite is associated with aegirine, baryte, calcite, hematite, bronze Mn-bearing muscovite, unidentified Mn oxides and unidentified arsenates. Canosioite is biaxial (+) with a 2Vmeas= 84(2)°. It is weakly pleochroic withX= brownish yellow,Y= brown,Z= reddish brown,Z>Y>X. Canosioite is monoclinic,P21/m, witha= 7.8642(4),b= 6.1083(3),c= 9.1670(5) Å, β = 112.874(6)°,V= 405.73(4) Å3andZ= 2. Calculated density is 4.943 g cm–3. The seven strongest diffraction lines of the observed powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [din Å, (I) (hkl)]: 3.713 (18)(111), 3.304 (100)(211̄), 3.058 (31)(020), 3.047 (59)(103̄), 2.801 (73)(112), 2.337 (24)(220), 2.158 (24)(123̄). Electron microprobe analyses gave (wt.%): Na2O 0.06, MgO 0.43, CaO 0.02, NiO 0.02, CuO 0.03, SrO 0.42, BaO 49.36, PbO 1.69, Al2O31.25, Mn2O33.89, Fe2O36.95, Sb2O30.01, SiO20.03, P2O50.02, V2O510.88, As2O524.64, SO3 0.01, F 0.02, H2O1.61 was calculated on the basis of 1 (OH,F,H2O) group per formula unit. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of OH. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 9 O apfu, is (Ba1.92Pb0.05Sr0.02Na0.01)∑2.00(Fe0.523+Mn0.293+Al0.15Mg0.06)∑1.02[(As0.64V0.36)∑1.00O4]2[(OH0.92F0.01)(H2O)0.07]and the ideal formula is Ba2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH). The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and found to be isostructural to that of arsenbrackebuschite. The structure model was refined (R1= 2.6%) on the basis of 1245 observed reflections. Canosioite is named after the small municipality of Canosio, where the type locality, the Valletta mine, is situated. The new mineral and name were approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA2015-030).
Stoichiometric partially-protonated states in hydroxide perovskites: the jeanbandyite enigma revisited
Authors: Welch Mark D. , Kampf Anthony R.
Published: March 2017

The original description of the hydroxide perovskite jeanbandyite gives a formula (Fe1–x3+,□x)(Sn1–y,□y) (OH)6 (□= vacancy), which implies the possibility of stoichiometric vacancies at B and B' sites. The validity of this formula has been questioned subsequently. Furthermore, jeanbandyite has metrically a cubic unit cell, but it is optically uniaxial. It is clear that a structure determination is needed to clarify the nature of this enigmatic mineral. Previous studies could find no crystals of sufficient quality for structure determination using X-ray diffractometers available at the time. Crystals of jeanbandyite from Hingston Down, Cornwall, UK and the type locality Llallagua, Bolivia, have been found that are of a quality that allows structure refinement by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural data for crystals from each locality are presented that clarify the nature of jeanbandyite and raise some interesting questions concerning the significance of partially deprotonated states in perovskite-type structures. The structures of both jeanbandyite crystals are cubic with space group Pn3 and unit-cell parameters a = 7.658(2) Å (Llallagua) and 7.6427(2) Å (Hingston). The octahedral tilt system is a+a+a+ and corresponds to that of the aristotype of BB'(OH)6 hydroxide double perovskites. Structure determination demonstrates that B is very Fe3+-rich and B' is filled by Sn, thereby requiring revision of the general jeanbandyite formula to Fex3+Fe(1–x)2+Sn(OH)(6–x)Oxfor 1≥ × > 0.5, with an ideal end-member formula Fe3+Sn(OH)5O. As such, jeanbandyite corresponds to oxidized natanite with partially deprotonated oxygen sites. This stoichiometry cannot be represented in space group Pn3̄ for the observed unit cell as it implies more than one non-equivalent oxygen atom. Consequently, it is inferred that there is no long-range ordering of deprotonated oxygen sites. It is, however, conceivable that the uniaxial optical character of jeanbandyite is linked to the local short-range order of deprotonated domains.
Novel TPO receptor agonist TA-316 contributes to platelet biogenesis from human iPS cells
Authors: Aihara Ayako , Koike Tomo , Abe Natsuki , Nakamura Sou , Sawaguchi Akira , Nakamura Takanori , Sugimoto Naoshi , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Nishino Taito , Eto Koji
Published: March 2017

Key Points

TA-316, a novel CMA, enhances human platelet ex vivo generation from iPS cells. TA-316 exhibited biased megakaryopoiesis at levels comparable to rhTPO and superior to eltrombopag.
Editorial: Binge drinking: lessons from ATF3 and HDAC1 collaboration
Authors: Saha Banishree
Published: March 2017

Discussion on the role of ATF3 in LPS tolerance during binge drinking, and its interaction with cofactor HDAC1.
Are some of the stigmas of addictions culturally sanctioned?
Authors: Corrigan Patrick , Schomerus Georg , Smelson David
Published: March 2017

We provide three examples of how addiction stigma is sanctioned: (a) discrimination against people with addictions is often legal; (b) public health communications frequently use stigma to promote prevention; (c) some programmes, such as ‘12 steps’ promote self-stigma. The implications of sanctioned stigma for stigma-change programmes are then discussed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data to Assess the Sensitivity of Cervical Cytology for Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Landy Rebecca , Michalopoulos Dimitrios , Bhudia Roshni , Leaver Hannah , Qiao You Lin , Zhao Fanghui , Sasieni Peter
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To assess the sensitivity of cervical cytology to cancer by pooling individual patient cytology results from cancers diagnosed in studies that assessed cervical screening in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

Two authors reviewed studies identified through PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that reported cervical cytology in which at least one woman was diagnosed with cervical cancer and in which abnormal cytology results were investigated at colposcopy and through a histologic sample (if appropriate). When cytology results were not reported in the manuscript, authors were contacted. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess sources of heterogeneity between studies.

Results

We included 717 cancers from 23 studies. The pooled sensitivity of cytology to cancer at a cutoff of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse was 79.4% (95% CI, 67.7% to 86.0%). Results from stratified analyses did not differ significantly, except among studies that recruited symptomatic women or women referred because of abnormal cytology, when the sensitivity of cytology was much higher (95.9%; 95% CI, 86.5% to 99.9%). The cutoff of an HSIL or worse detected 85% of the cancers that would have been detected at a cutoff of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (relative sensitivity, 85.2%; 95% CI, 80.7% to 89.7%).

Conclusion

Cytology at a high cutoff could be an excellent tool for targeted screening of populations at high risk of cervical cancer with a view to diagnose cancer at an earlier stage.
The (Rail)Road toLochner: Reproduction Cost and the Gilded Age Controversy Over Rate Regulation
Authors: Giocoli Nicola
Published: March 2017

The controversy over railroad rates regulation was a fundamental component of the jurisprudential trajectory that culminated in Lochner v. New York (1905) and the so-called laissez-faire era of U.S. constitutional law. Constitutional protection of property required that regulation preserve the value of the regulated business. This article builds on Siegel (1984) to argue that, by selecting, as in Smyth v. Ames (1898), reproduction cost as the correct technique to calculate the value of a railway, the US Supreme Court retained its allegiance to the fundamental tenets of classical political economy even in a period of massive economic transformation, when classical analysis was widely deemed unable to account for the new reality of US industrial life.
A novel mode of induction of the humoral innate immune response in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Kenmoku Hiroyuki , Hori Aki , Kuraishi Takayuki , Kurata Shoichiro
Published: March 2017

Drosophila adults have been utilized as a genetically tractable model organism to decipher the molecular mechanisms of humoral innate immune responses. In an effort to promote the utility of Drosophila larvae as an additional model system, in this study, we describe a novel aspect of an induction mechanism for innate immunity in these larvae. By using a fine tungsten needle created for manipulating semi-conductor devices, larvae were subjected to septic injury. However, although Toll pathway mutants were susceptible to infection with Gram-positive bacteria as had been shown for Drosophila adults, microbe clearance was not affected in the mutants. In addition, Drosophila larvae were found to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli with respect to the activation of a sterile humoral response. In particular, pinching with forceps to a degree that might cause minor damage to larval tissues could induce the expression of the antifungal peptide gene Drosomycin; notably, this induction was partially independent of the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. We therefore propose that Drosophila larvae might serve as a useful model to analyze the infectious and non-infectious inflammation that underlies various inflammatory diseases such as ischemia, atherosclerosis and cancer.
Systemic autoimmunity induced by the TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod causes myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in a new mouse model of autoimmune heart disease
Authors: Hasham Muneer G. , Baxan Nicoleta , Stuckey Daniel J. , Branca Jane , Perkins Bryant , Dent Oliver , Duffy Ted , Hameed Tolani S. , Stella Sarah E. , Bellahcene Mohammed , Schneider Michael D. , Harding Sian E. , Rosenthal Nadia , Sattler Susanne
Published: March 2017

Systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show significant heart involvement and cardiovascular morbidity, which can be due to systemically increased levels of inflammation or direct autoreactivity targeting cardiac tissue. Despite high clinical relevance, cardiac damage secondary to systemic autoimmunity lacks inducible rodent models. Here, we characterise immune-mediated cardiac tissue damage in a new model of SLE induced by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist Resiquimod. We observe a cardiac phenotype reminiscent of autoimmune-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy, and identify auto-antibodies as major contributors to cardiac tissue damage. Resiquimod-induced heart disease is a highly relevant mouse model for mechanistic and therapeutic studies aiming to protect the heart during autoimmunity.
MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications
Authors: Strubberg Ashlee M. , Madison Blair B.
Published: March 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here, we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs (anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease. MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA mimics.
α,β-Itemized Enumeration of Inositol Derivatives and m-Gonal Homologs by Extending Fujita’s Proligand Method
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku
Published: March 2017

A new method for the α,β-itemized enumeration has been developed to count inositol derivatives, where each substitution position of a hexagonal skeleton accommodates an α-ligand or a β-ligand exclusively under the D6- or D6h-symmetry. The concept of hedralities of cycles (homohedral cycles, enantiohedral cycles, and hemihedral cycles) has been proposed to treat α,β-handedness for characterizing such exclusive α- or β-substitution. During the α,β-itemized enumeration, the concept of hedralities is found to cooperate with the concept of sphericities of cycles (homospheric cycles, enantiospheric cycles, and hemispheric cyles), which was proposed to treat chirality in Fujita’s proligand method. The effect of hedralities is evaluated by developing the cycle index with α,β-handedness fittingness (CI-HF), which enables us to accomplish the α,β-itemized enumeration under D6. The cooperative effect of hedralities and sphericities can be evaluated by extending Fujita’s proligand method, where the cycle index with pairwise fittingness (CI-PF) is developed to support the α,β-itemized enumeration under D6h. The GAP codes for the enumeration using CI-HFs and CI-PFs are programmed on the basis of the GAP system. The enumeration method based on CI-HFs and CI-PFs is generalized to support the α,β-itemized enumeration of m-gonal derivatives under Dm- or Dmh-symmetry. The method for gross enumeration without α,β-itemization and without ligand discrimination is developed as a special case of the extended proligand method described above. General formulas are obtained to give gross numbers as integer sequences.
ORGANIZATION OF CRAFTS AND HOSPITALITY
Authors: Бокова  , Bokova Lyubov , Булгучев  , Bulguchev Murat
Published: March 2017

Based on limited resources and unlimited needs, especially in crisis, in the regional economy an important role plays a search and effective involvement in the production of additional municipal resources. Economically active part of the Republic of Ingushetia (RI) is traditionally employed in oil and agriculture. Due to the fact, that according to economic theory, resources are renewable and non-renewable, exhaustible and inexhaustible there is a need to diversify the sources of funds on the basis of the organization of small business in the development of national crafts, tourism, hotel services and other areas. On purposeful implementation of the activities, the small-scale producers cooperate, create clusters, i.e. there is a basis for vertical and horizontal integration.
PECULIARITIES OF STATE SUPPORT OF AGRARIAN SECTOR OF ECONOMY OF RUSSIA AND ITS ROLE IN SUPPORTING FOOD SECURITY IN THE COUNTRY
Authors: Мухаметгалиев  , Mukhametgaliev Farit , Файзрахманов  , Fayzrakhmanov Dzhaudat , Ситдикова  , Sitdikova Landysh
Published: March 2017

Russia’s accession to the WTO implies the emergence of fundamentally new economic conditions of functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy. At the same time a particular importance were obtained the problems of ensuring high competitiveness of domestic agricultural products and the preservation of the country’s food security. In the current challenging economic environment, despite a lot of objective and subjective reasons, the domestic food products must be price competitive, adequate for consumers. The entities of agribusiness is necessary to retain our market niche, the maximum filling capacity of the domestic market of food. The capacity of the domestic food market today is huge in almost all positions. The level of consumption of basic food for most types of lower medical nutritional standards.
Ways of improving the use of photosynthetically active radiation in potato cultivation in the middle Volga steppe
Authors: Владимиров  , Vladimirov Sergey
Published: March 2017

The efficacy of using the calculated doses of fertilizers for upcoming harvests potatoes was studied. As a result of studies of the potato leaf area formation dynamics on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga steppe, its dependence on mineral nutrition level was revealed. Their impact on productivity and quality of potato tubers was identified. The efficacy of calculated doses of fertilizers for upcoming potato harvests were studied. Fertilizing crops by scheduled doses, counted by cash- balance method for upcoming yields of 25-40 tons per hectare, provided the formation of 90,5-98,0% of the target yield. The nitrate content in all versions of the experiment was below the maximum admissible concentration. However, with increasing fertilizers amount, their content was increased in 1,24-1,73 times (without fertilizers - 41 mg / kg of wet weight). As a result of studies of the dynamics of potato leaf area formation on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga steppe, we revealed its dependence on mineral nutrition level. The photosynthetic potential (PP) during the growing season of potato Udacha, was in the first version without fertilizers 2.173, the second 2.520, in the third 2.910, fourth 3.196 and fifth 3.575 million square meter per hectare * days, i.e. with an increase in fertilization rates, the photosynthetic potential increased accordingly to 0.347-1.402 million units, for every thousand units of photosynthetic potential we obtained from 7.2 to 10.8 kg potato tubers. A starch content varied from a few of fertilizers. The maximum starch content (14 %) was obtained in the second way, calculated on the tuber yield of 25 tons per hectare. A further increase in the background was led to some of its decline.