bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 y educación a distancia digital: preconfinamiento, confinamiento y posconfinamiento
Authors: García Aretio Lorenzo
Published: November 2020

La pandemia COVID-19 ha venido generando cambios y disrupciones en amplios sectores de la actividad humana. La educación ha sido uno de los más afectados debido a la imposición administrativa del cierre total de los centros educativos en gran parte de los países del mundo. La modalidad de educación a distancia, fundamentalmente en soporte digital, vino a ofrecer soluciones de emergencia a dicha crisis. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una reflexión sobre las percepciones previas al COVID-19 relativas a esta modalidad educativa. Posteriormente se aportan ideas sobre la forma en que se acometió mayoritariamente la respuesta educativa al confinamiento a través de una educación de emergencia en remoto que se alejaba considerablemente de lo apropiado en diseños y desarrollos de una educación a distancia de calidad. Fueron muchos los errores cometidos y, por tanto, demasiadas las percepciones negativas por parte de muchos estudiantes, familias y docentes, bastantes de estos últimos ya reacios previamente a estos formatos más novedosos. Finalmente se aborda en el artículo la problemática más reciente, relativa a los tiempos de posconfinamiento, en los que no se prevé que en los centros presenciales todos los estudiantes puedan acudir a las aulas físicas en el mismo espacio y tiempo. Se ofrecen sugerencias sobre cómo abordar esta problemática a través de soluciones de hibridación, de una enseñanza y aprendizaje mixtos, combinados o, mejor, integrados y flexibles.
Quebrando os tabús: corpo e subversión en tres poetas galegas
Authors: Bermúdez Montes María Teresa
Published: November 2020

Partindo da relexión sobre as regras do patriarcado e os límites materiais e discursivos que aquelas impoñen, observaremos como o estigma social da menstruación é cuestionado e subvertido, para crear espazos de liberdade e transgresión nos textos literarios. Ocuparémonos de analizar os mecanismos tradicionais do tabú —como silenciamiento e invisibilización— e a súa conexión co impuro e abxecto para, a seguir, poñer o foco na ruptura propositada coas limitacións. Exploraremos a representación da menstruación nas últimas décadas como manifestación dun corpo asumido e reivindicado, froito dun espírito crítico e dunha vontade de empoderamento con base no pensamento feminista. Para isto centrarémonos en textos poéticos de tres autoras galegas contemporáneas: Lupe Gómez, Yolanda Castaño e Estíbaliz Espinosa.The aim of this paper is to develop a relection on the rules of patriarchy and the material and discursive limits that they impose. The traditional mechanisms of taboo - such as silencing and invisibility - and its connection with the impure and abject will also be analyzed,by putting the focus on the concious break from the constraints imposed. The representation of menstruation in recent decades will be explored as a manifestation of an assumed and claimed body, the result of a critical spirit and a desire for empowerment based on feminist thinking. Finally,the treatment of menstruation in poetic texts by three contemporary Galician authors - Lupe Gómez, Yolanda Castaño and Estíbaliz Espinosa- will be analyzed.
Léxico e sociedade. A propósito dos termos de parentesco na xeografía lingüística galega
Authors: Estévez Rionegro Noelia , Rúa Garrido Verónica
Published: November 2020

A partir de datos extraídos do Atlas Lingüístico Galego (proxecto de Xeografía lingüística desenvolvido no Instituto da Lingua Galega da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) relativos ao léxico referido ás relacións de parentesco, analizaranse os valores semánticos denotativos e connotativos dos termos, e amosarase como relicten o sesgo que presenta a lingua galega canto ao tratamento do masculino e o feminino en función do pensamento ancorado na sociedade. Deste xeito, tratará de amosarse un retrato sociolingüístico da dialectoloxía galega, aplicando conceptos da Análise do Discurso sobre una base documental pensada para a Dialectoloxía. Some data extracted from the Atlas Lingüístico Galego (a project of Linguistic Geography developed at the Instituto da Lingua Galega of the University of Santiago de Compostela) related to the lexicon that refers to kinship, we will analyze the denotative and connotative semantic values of the terms, and we will show how they relect the bias that the Galician language presents regarding the treatment of the masculine and feminine genders according to the thought embedded in society. In this way, a sociolinguistic portrait of Galician dialectology will be drawn by applying concepts from Discourse Analysis on a database designed for Dialectology.
Na España de Franco dos anos corenta, lemos a poesía prebélica de Antonio Machado mercé ó xesto valente do falanxista Dionisio Ridruejo: breve achegamento
Authors: Alonso Montero Xesús
Published: November 2020

Cómpre partir dun feito moi sinxelo: nos primeiros anos da Posguerra,homenaxear a don Antonio Machado máis ou menos publicamente era entendidopor todos, polos vencedores da Guerra e polos vencidos, como un acto dedisconformidade co Réxime. Para os que tiñan un pouco de información, dentroe fóra do Poder, Machado era unha biografía republicana simbólica: o cidadánque defendeu, no trienio bélico, a causa da República do Frente Popular, etamén o combatente —o combatente literario— que cruzou a fronteira francesacon centos de miles de soldados e civís perseguidos con saña polo Exércitovencedor.
Homenaje al profesor Manuel Rodríguez Alonso
Authors: Ysern Lagarda Josep Antoni
Published: November 2020

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A Didática na Literatura de Técnicas Estendidas de Produção de Som para Violino
Authors: Budó Lourenço De Nardin
Published: November 2020

Este artigo é um passo no sentido da organização do corpus de recursos didáticos para a prática de técnicas estendidas para violino através de uma investigação exploratória bibliográfica. O trabalho parte de uma proposta de categorização de técnicas estendidas, o que permite estudá-las mais detalhadamente, e concentra-se na categoria que foi definida como “técnicas de produção de som específicas do violino”. O estudo resulta na constatação de uma considerável quantidade de obras textuais e musicais. Dentre as obras textuais, apesar de todas terem alguma relevância, nem todas têm cunho decididamente didático; dentre as obras musicais, a amostragem trouxe uma quantidade pequena de estudos e peças realmente voltados especificamente para esta categoria de técnicas.
Propuestas pedagógicas y estéticas de El Sistema: Un estudio de caso del SOJ
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Integração Latinoamericana, Alemán Viviana Carolina Jaramillo
Published: November 2020

El Sistema Nacional de Coros y Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Venezuela se ha convertido en el programa orquestal direccionado a niños y jóvenes más reproducido a nivel mundial. Se realizó una aproximación a este a través del Sistema de Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Jujuy (SOJ), uno de los proyectos orquestales distribuidos a nivel mundial que tiene correspondencia con el primero. A través de un estudio de caso se realiza un análisis del discurso oficial de ambos proyectos orquestales y de las prácticas del SOJ observadas, reflexionando sobre el contenido de los objetivos y las alegadas rupturas que los Sistemas proponen en el ámbito pedagógico. Sin embargo, las propuestas del ámbito estético no se muestran compatibles con las rupturas pedagógicas intentadas. El análisis muestra la estrecha relación de la pedagogía con los aspectos estéticos de los Sistemas. Finalmente se concluye que las alegadas rupturas pedagógicas se aproximan más a la retórica y no son consonantes con las prácticas. De manera más amplia, además, se interpreta la mundialización de El Sistema y sus sentidos en la construcción histórica de la orquesta sinfónica y de la educación musical.
Desintegração de vozes, reintegração de posses: apontamentos sobre a polca purahei jahe’o como narrativa de aspectos sócio-históricos da cultura paraguaia
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Antar Miguel Eduardo Diaz , Oliveira Yonara Dantas
Published: November 2020

No presente artigo discutimos como a música popular paraguaia, em especial as do tipo polca purahei jahe’o, pode ser acionada como material fundamental para uma pesquisa sócio-histórica a respeito da cultura paraguaia. No presente estudo selecionamos a polca Propiedad Privada como material de análise e dela depreendemos dois aspectos: (i) a situação da mulher na cultura paraguaia e (ii) a questão fundiária. Ambos aspectos se apresentam na letra da música a partir de uma certa ambiguidade de sentido. Não se pode afirmar, com certeza, se a letra se refere a um ou outro tema. A potência da canção, sob nossa perspectiva, reside justamente nessa capilaridade que permite tratar de ambos assuntos. E desses dois aspectos, que parecem díspares, vamos descortinando parte importante da história paraguaia e elementos característicos de sua cultura. Infelizmente, vemos desvelada também a reiteração de uma violência social que mantém os/as oprimidos/as em condição de subserviência e pobreza.
Influencia de las redes sociales académicas en la construcción de la identidad digital latinoamericana
Authors: Artigas Wileidys , Casanova Ilya
Published: November 2020

Para ofrecer una visión acerca de la relevancia que tiene en Latinoamérica la construcción de una identidad digital a través de las redes sociales académicas se planteó como objetivo: examinar la presencia de investigadores latinoamericanos en ResearchGate, Academia y Autores Redalyc. La investigación fue empírica-inductivista y se construyó un cuestionario a través de Google Forms para verificar la participación de investigadores latinoamericanos en las Redes Sociales Académicas, se enviaron entre marzo y junio de 2019 649 invitaciones vía correo electrónico y a través de las mismas redes; obteniendo 139 respuestas al respecto. Se concluyó que la presencia de los investigadores en las distintas redes no supera el 55%, contrastando con otras investigaciones que resaltan la poca importancia y el subuso que se les ha dado a las herramientas que se ofrecen en dichas plataformas en la búsqueda del avance del conocimiento científico.

In order to offer a vision about the relevance of the construction of a digital identity through academic social networks in Latin America, the objective was: to examine the presence of Latin American researchers at ResearchGate, Academia and Autores Redalyc. The research was empirical-inductive and a questionnaire was constructed through Google Forms to verify the participation of Latin American researchers in the Academic Social Networks, 649 invitations were sent between March and June 2019 via email and through the same networks; getting 139 answers about it. It was concluded that the presence of researchers in the different networks does not exceed 55%, contrasting with other investigations that highlight the little importance and the underuse that have been given to the tools offered in these platforms in the search for the advancement of the scientific knowledge.
Hábitos de publicación de la élite científica de España
Authors: Salvador-Oliván José Antonio , Marco-Cuenca Gonzalo , Arquero-Avilés Rosario
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar los patrones de autoría y hábitos de publicación de los investigadores de España más productivos y/o citados.

Método: Se han seleccionado los investigadores españoles o que trabajan en instituciones españolas, con mayor índice H y número de citas recibidas en Google Scholar (GS) a partir del Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. Los datos de las publicaciones se han obtenido de la colección principal de Web of Science (WOS).

Resultados y conclusiones: La productividad e impacto de los investigadores en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades es mucho menor en la base de datos WOS que en GS. Como autores hiperprolíficos destacan los investigadores en el campo de Física de Partículas, donde es habitual la publicación de 90 artículos al año firmados por más de 2000 autores. Los investigadores de Ciencias de la Salud también son altamente productivos y en multiautoría.

This paper aims to analyze the authorship patterns and publication habits of the most productive and / or cited researchers in Spain.

Method: Spanish researchers or those who work in Spanish institutions with the highest H index and number of citations received in Google Scholar (GS) have been selected from the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. Publication data was obtained from the main Web of Science (WOS) collection.

Results and conclusions: The productivity and impact of researchers in Social Sciences and Humanities is much less in the WOS database than in GS. As hyperprolific authors highlight researchers in the field of Particle Physics, where the publication of 90 articles per year signed by more than 2000 authors is common. To a lesser extent, Health Sciences researchers are also highly productive in multi-author.
Remodelling the model
Authors: Wilson Thomas
Published: November 2020

Esta nota se preparó originalmente como "Punto de vista" para la conferencia virtual ISIC 2020 ('Information Seeking in Context') organizada este año por la Universidad de Pretoria (Sudáfrica) en septiembre/octubre de 2020. Este formato permitía que algunas figuras bien conocidas del mundo del comportamiento informacional presentaran puntos de vista o ideas sobre los acontecimientos actuales, sin necesidad de presentar oficialmente las ponencias. Por consiguiente, esta breve nota carece de la estructura de un documento formal recogiendo notas personales sobre la necesidad de replantear varias cuestiones alrededor de nuestra propuesta original del  modelo de comportamiento informacional original del año 1999, por medio de un proceso de rediseño y  actualización del mismo.

This very short note was originally prepared as a “Viewpoint” for the virtual ISIC conference organized from Pretoria, South Africa in September/October 2020.  The idea of the viewpoints was to allow some well-known figures from the world of information behaviour, to present points of view or ideas on current developments, without the necessity for the formal submission and presentation of papers. Consequently, this short note lacks the structure of a formal paper and is simply some personal notes on my current thinking about information behaviour.
Las caricaturas literarias de Galdós
Authors: Baquero Goyanes Mariano
Published: November 2020

Benito Pérez Galdós poseía un talento excepcional para la caracterización de sus personajes. Destacan en su obra las descripciones caricaturescas. En este estudio se analizan las influencias que convergen en algunas de estas descripciones y la razón por la que Galdós incluye en novelas de índole e intención realista descripciones hiperbólicas y caricaturescas cercanas a lo irreal.  Se concluye que son el reflejo de la fusión habitual en su narrativa entre lo mágico-alegórico y lo documental-realista, entre el sueño alucinante y la observación cotidiana.

Benito Pérez Galdós had an exceptional talent for characterizing his characters. The caricaturesque descriptions stand out in his work. This paper analyzes the influences that converge in some of  of these descriptions and the reason why Galdós includes hyperbolic and caricatural descriptions close to the unreal in novels of a realistic nature and intention. It is concluded that these descriptions are reflectect the usual fusión in his narrative between the magical-allegorical and the documentary-realistic, between the amazing dream and the daily observation.
La recepción diferida de la narrativa de Roberto Arlt y Leopoldo Marechal
Authors: Davis Gonzalez Ana
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo sugiere la expresión de recepción diferida para aludir a la atención de una obra en una época posterior a su publicación. Analizar la evolución de su recepció manifiesta los paradigmas estéticos, ideológicos y socio-políticos que rigen un periodo histórico. Para ejemplificar dicho análisis, nos serviremos de la narrativa de Roberto Arlt y Leopoldo Marechal, pues consideramos claves los juicios que padecieron algunos de sus textos. Nos proponemos demostrar que su recepción fue simétricamente opuesta y no totalmente motivada por cuestiones estéticas. Un examen conjunto permite profundizar en los criterios de época que condicionaron su admisión en el canon nacional.

The present work proposes the delayed reception for the acceptance of at specific book in a period after its publication. The route of its reception reveals the aesthetic, ideological and socio-political paradigms that govern a specific era. That study the follows exemplifies this methodological approach with the works of two writers: Roberto Arlt and Leopoldo Marechal. We consider key the judgments that both suffered when publishing certain texts because the changes of opinion among the critics have been symmetrically opposed and not totally motivated by aesthetic causes. A joint analysis of the two allows deepening the criteria of the period that conditioned their admission into the national canon.
El Yambo 1 de Calímaco y la soberanía ptolemaica
Authors: Carrizo Sebastián Eduardo
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo propone una lectura del Yambo 1 de Calímaco de Cirene (c. 320-244 a. C.) ligada a la imagen del poder real en Egipto bajo la égida de Ptolomeo II Filadelfo. En este sentido, nuestra hipótesis considera que en la parábola de la copa de Baticles -relato enmarcado dentro del poema-, el recorrido trazado por el viaje de la mítica copa ofrecida como premio al mejor de los Siete Sabios de la Antigüedad podría estar remedando un mapageopolítico en el que se plasman las pretensiones de soberanía de la dinastía ptolemaica sobre distintas regiones de Licia, Caria y el sur de Jonia; en particular, sobre la ciudad de Mileto y el santuario de Apolo en Dídima. Consideramos, finalmente, que la relevancia de Mileto y Dídima en Calímaco podría corresponderse con la importancia política de la ciudad y el santuario para la dinastía ptolemaica.
«Ut ait Pacuvius»:* sulle citazioni pacuviane nel De Divinatione di Cicerone
Authors: Di Meglio Alessandra
Published: November 2020

El artículo reflexiona sobre la función de las citas de Pacuvio en De divinatione de Cicerón, en div . 1, 24; 29; 81; 131 y 2, 133. El discurso poético trazado por el de Arpino parece trazar un proceso paralelo al de la prosa, cumpliendo el propósito racionalista – típicamente ciceroniano – de educar a su audiencia en la reflexión y la búsqueda de la verdad con consecuencias evidentes e importantes en la formación del buen civis . La ocasión brinda laoportunidad de investigar el uso de versos de Pacuvio en autores posteriores, reconstruyendo sumariamente la fortuna del tragediógrafo presuntamente en deuda con la tradición de Cicerón.

L’articolo riflette sulla funzione delle citazioni pacuviane presenti nel De divinatione di Cicerone, in div . 1, 24; 29; 81; 131 e in 2, 133. Il discorso poetico tracciato dall’Arpinate sembra disegnare un iter parallelo a quello in prosa, ottemperando allo scopo razionalistico – tipicamente ciceroniano – di educare il suo pubblico alla riflessione e alla ricerca della verità con evidente e importante ricaduta nella formazione del buon civis . L’occasione offre lospunto per indagare anche l’uso dei versi pacuviani in autori successivi, ricostruendo sommariamente la fortuna del tragediografo presumibilmente debitrice alla tradizione ciceroniana.
Su una similitudine in Stazio Achilleide 1.178–181 e suo intento programmatico
Authors: Uccellini Renée
Published: November 2020

In this paper, I propose a reading of a simile in Statius’ Achilleid (1.178–181), inside the Achilles’ first appearance on the scene. In a few lines, Statius condenses an athletic–heroic image, prefiguring the future epic hero of the Trojan war, but paradoxically expressed with an allusive erotic–elegiac language, inspired on the Challimacus’, Theocritus’ and elegiac also style. In particular, the Propertian model, recalled here and in other places of the Achilleid with certain references to elegy 3.14, reveals itself not only as a simple lexical repertoire todraw from, but also a wise exemplum for the metapoetic reflection, particularly supported within the first book of Achilleid , and focused on the ‘curve’ of the cultivated literary genre.

In questo contributo propongo alcune riflessioni su una similitudine nell’Achilleide di Stazio (1.178–181), contenuta nella prima apparizione di Achille sulla scena. In pochi versi Stazio condensa un’immagine atletico–eroica, prefigurazione del futuro eroe epico della guerratroiana, ma paradossalmente espressa con un linguaggio formulare allusivamente erotico– elegiaco, di stampo callimacheo, teocriteo ed anche elegiaco. In particolare, il modello properziano, richiamato qui e in altri luoghi dell’Achilleide con sicuri riferimenti all’elegia 3.14, si rivela non solamente un mero repertorio lessicale al quale attingere, ma anche un sapiente exemplum per la riflessione metapoetica, particolarmente sostenuta all’interno del primo libro dell’Achilleide , ed incentrata sulla ‘curvatura’ del genere letterario coltivato.
Las representaciones contemporáneas de tragedias griegas y su relación con problemas de actualidad: tres ejemplos en Andalucía
Authors: Cuevas Caballero Marta
Published: November 2020

Teniendo siempre en mente la intemporalidad de los textos clásicos, en este trabajo se ha analizado, a partir de la lectura de traducciones de los textos griegos y del estudio de grabaciones de tres montajes andaluces, la relación con problemas de actualidad que tendríantres tragedias griegas: Prometeo encadenado , Antígona y Medea . De este modo, atendiendo a la escenografía, el vestuario y la música, se observa que en Prometeo (2014), Antígona o la felicidad (2006) y Medea, la extranjera (2004) se reflejan temas intemporales como lacorrupción, el poder, la felicidad, la hipocresía, la xenofobia o la condición de la mujer, a través de recursos escénicos, dramáticos y artísticos que remiten a la significación contemporánea de esos temas, acercándolos, por tanto, al público y demostrando su plena relación con la actualidad.

Always considering the timelessness of classical texts, the connection between three Greek tragedies, Prometheus Bound , Antigone and Medea , and current issues has been analysed in this work basing on the reading of Greek texts translations and the study of three videorecorded Andalusian performances. This way, focusing on scenography, costumes and music, it is observed that in Prometeo (Prometheus , 2014), Antígona o la felicidad (Antigone or Happiness , 2006) and Medea, la extranjera (Medea the Foreigner, 2004), timeless topics such as corruption, power, happiness, hypocrisy, xenophobia or the status of women are reflected through scenic, dramatic and artistic resources that refer to the contemporary significance of those topics, bringing them closer to the audience and proving their full relationship to contemporary issues.
ANYBODY LIVING A PRIVATE LIFE IS A BELIEVER IN MONEY. GERTRUDE STEIN, THE GREAT DEPRESSION, AND THE ABSTRACTION OF MONEY
Authors: Daugaard Solveig
Published: November 2020

The article considers Gertrude Stein’s reflections about the increasing abstraction of economics in response to the Great Depression and Roosevelt’s New Deal in a number of explicitly political pieces from the mid-1930s, including “A Political Series” (1935), and her five brief newspaper commentaries on “money”: ”Money”, “More About Money”, “Still More About Money”, “All About Money”, and “My Last About Money” (1936). The article then relates them to Walter Benjamin’s and Giorgio Agamben’s ideas about the religious implications of the money system that resonate with Stein’s salute to the “believer in money” as security against contemporary authoritarian tendencies. Stein’s opinion pieces argue against taxation, unionism, and public spending, yet also demonstrate the slippery passage between her explicit conservatism, her economic liberalism and her still present radicalism and critique of patriarchal authority as they recycle crucial elements from contemporaneous works such The Geographical History of America (1935) and Everybody’s Autobiography (1937).
SENSIBILITY AND SEMIO-CAPITALISM – A BODILY EXPERIENCE OF CRISIS IN URSULA ANDKJÆR OLSEN’S THE CRISIS NOTEBOOKS
Authors: Jespersen Emma Sofie Brogaard
Published: November 2020

In The Uprising: On Poetry and Finance (2012), Franco ‘Bifo’ Berardi unfolds a political and clinical diagnosis of contemporary society, stating that the crisis we experience today is a permanent state of absent social autonomy and political agency. This crisis is not solely economic but is caused by semio-capitalism impacting all spheres of human life, affecting sensibility in particular—the linguistic and physical-sensuous link between the individual and the world. Taking up the term sensibility as a bodily basis of experience and as an aesthetic notion, in this article I will explore the relation between individual and collective bodies, the crisis as a suspension of change, and literature, focusing on the Danish poet Ursula Andkjær Olsen’s 2017 lunatic and fragmented novel of love and economy The Crisis Notebooks, but also with reference to some of her other work(s). I argue that the bodily experience of crisis, as expressed in this novel, leads to an inhibited social sensibility but also, paradoxically, to a radical openness towards the world. With reference to the Danish literary scholar Anne Fastrup’s interpretation of French vitalism’s idea of sensibility in The Movement of Sensibility (2007), I suggest that a more ambiguous, material notion of both a constructive and a destructive sensibility is crucial for its understanding, and hence—for an understanding of the relationship between body and crisis as expressed in The Crisis Notebooks. Finally, I suggest that an aesthetic notion of sensibility can provide a prism through which relations between today’s financial mechanisms and a sociocultural experience of crisis are rendered visible—if not sensuous—and it is from here that alternatives to the crisis can be found, felt, formulated or fabulated.
Addressing Anticompetitive Data Aggregation: a Comment to Bundeskartellamt Decision B6-22/16
Authors: Skopowska Laura
Published: November 2020

Data aggregation, understood as the process of gathering and combining data in order to prepare datasets that might be useful for specific business or other purposes, is not per se forbidden. However, some forms of it can be considered anticompetitive. In the Decision B6-22/16 of the German Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) data aggregation, which included the collection of data from sources outside of Facebook’s social network (from Facebook-owned services such as WhatsApp and Instagram and from third party websites or mobile applications) and their combination with the information connected with a particular Facebook user account without that user’s consent, constituted an abuse of Facebook’s dominant position on the German market for social networks. The Bundeskartellamt found that the processing of user’s personal data by Facebook has, to some extent, been carried out in a way which infringed GDPR provisions. In the same decision, the Bundeskartellamt also identified the exclusionary nature of Facebook’s anticompetitive behaviour. According to the Bundeskartellamt, the illegal data aggregation formed a barrier to entry for Facebook’s competitors which, through compliance with data protection standards, found themselves in a worst position. Facebook, through its inappropriate data aggregation gained a competitive advantage. The Bundeskartellamt’s decision is, therefore, reflecting the anticompetitive dangers that data aggregation might pose. Nevertheless, it is debated whether the Bundeskartellamt, as a competition authority, is competent to determine the compliance or lack of compliance of business terms with the provisions of the GDPR. This paper analyzes the Bundeskartellamt’s decision as to where an anticompetitive nature of data processing has been identified, and tries to answer the question why it is problematic that it was the Bundeskartellamt and not a data protection supervisory authority that has issued such a decision.
Quelle est la valeur d’un vêtement que je ne possède pas ? Les composantes de la valeur dans les pratiques de partage et location
Authors: Damay Coralie , Ulrich Isabelle , Loussaïef Leïla
Published: November 2020

De nouvelles formes de partage et location apparues ces dernières années permettent d’accéder au produit sans le posséder et bouleversent ainsi le rapport à l’objet et la perception de sa valeur. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mobiliser le concept de valeur perçue dans le contexte de ces deux modes de non-possession de vêtements,afin d’en cerner les différentes composantes (bénéfices et sacrifices) et d’appréhender les éventuelles disparités entre ces pratiques. Une approche qualitative, basée sur des entretiens individuels auprès de 27 femmes et cinq entretiens auprès de professionnels, permet de cerner la valeur conférée à l’emprunt et la location de vêtements. L’analyse des entretiens contribue à enrichir le concept de valeur grâce à la mise en exergue de cinq types de bénéfices et quatre types de sacrifices et leurs composantes. Ce constat permet de faire des recommandations aux professionnels du partage et de la location dans la mode, et par extension à d’autres catégories de produits. Mots-clés : partage, accès, location, valeur perçue, non-possession, vêtements.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF Mn3Ga
Authors: CHANG TAO-FAN  , LIANG CHING-KWEI  ,   中国科学院
Published: November 2020

The crystal structure of Mn3Ga has been determined by means of the X-ray powder method. The unit cell is hexagonal, with a = 5.4065?, c = 4.3537?, and c/a = 0.8053 at 20℃ for the alloy containing 26.8 at. % Ga. The space group is D6h4-P63/mmc. Each unit cell contains two formula units, the six Mn atoms being situated at the 6(h) positions with xh = 0.837, and the two Ga atoms at the 2(c) positions. It is a deformed form of the DO19 type close-packed ordered structure. The homogeneity range corresponding to this structure in the Mn-Ga system does not include the ideal composition however, but is displaced to the Ga-rich side.
The neural basis for a persistent internal state in Drosophila females
Authors: Deutsch David , Pacheco Diego , Encarnacion-Rivera Lucas , Pereira Talmo , Fathy Ramie , Clemens Jan , Girardin Cyrille , Calhoun Adam , Ireland Elise , Burke Austin , Dorkenwald Sven , McKellar Claire , Macrina Thomas , Lu Ran , Lee Kisuk , Kemnitz Nico , Ih Dodam , Castro Manuel , Halageri Akhilesh , Jordan Chris , Silversmith William , Wu Jingpeng , Seung H Sebastian , Murthy Mala
Published: November 2020

Sustained changes in mood or action require persistent changes in neural activity, but it has been difficult to identify the neural circuit mechanisms that underlie persistent activity and contribute to long-lasting changes in behavior. Here, we show that a subset of Doublesex+ pC1 neurons in the Drosophila female brain, called pC1d/e, can drive minutes-long changes in female behavior in the presence of males. Using automated reconstruction of a volume electron microscopic (EM) image of the female brain, we map all inputs and outputs to both pC1d and pC1e. This reveals strong recurrent connectivity between, in particular, pC1d/e neurons and a specific subset of Fruitless+ neurons called aIPg. We additionally find that pC1d/e activation drives long-lasting persistent neural activity in brain areas and cells overlapping with the pC1d/e neural network, including both Doublesex+ and Fruitless+ neurons. Our work thus links minutes-long persistent changes in behavior with persistent neural activity and recurrent circuit architecture in the female brain.
Chimpanzee brain morphometry utilizing standardized MRI preprocessing and macroanatomical annotations
Authors: Vickery Sam , Hopkins William D , Sherwood Chet C , Schapiro Steven J , Latzman Robert D , Caspers Svenja , Gaser Christian , Eickhoff Simon B , Dahnke Robert , Hoffstaedter Felix
Published: November 2020

Chimpanzees are among the closest living relatives to humans and, as such, provide a crucial comparative model for investigating primate brain evolution. In recent years, human brain mapping has strongly benefited from enhanced computational models and image processing pipelines that could also improve data analyses in animals by using species-specific templates. In this study, we use structural MRI data from the National Chimpanzee Brain Resource (NCBR) to develop the chimpanzee brain reference template Juna.Chimp for spatial registration and the macro-anatomical brain parcellation Davi130 for standardized whole-brain analysis. Additionally, we introduce a ready-to-use image processing pipeline built upon the CAT12 toolbox in SPM12, implementing a standard human image preprocessing framework in chimpanzees. Applying this approach to data from 194 subjects, we find strong evidence for human-like age-related gray matter atrophy in multiple regions of the chimpanzee brain, as well as, a general rightward asymmetry in brain regions.
Combined transient ablation and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the development of medullary thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Wells Kristen L , Miller Corey N , Gschwind Andreas R , Wei Wu , Phipps Jonah D , Anderson Mark S , Steinmetz Lars M
Published: November 2020

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a critical role in central immune tolerance by mediating negative selection of autoreactive T cells through the collective expression of the peripheral self-antigen compartment, including tissue-specific antigens (TSAs). Recent work has shown that gene-expression patterns within the mTEC compartment are heterogenous and include multiple differentiated cell states. To further define mTEC development and medullary epithelial lineage relationships, we combined lineage tracing and recovery from transient in vivo mTEC ablation with single-cell RNA-sequencing in Mus musculus. The combination of bioinformatic and experimental approaches revealed a non-stem transit-amplifying population of cycling mTECs that preceded Aire expression. We propose a branching model of mTEC development wherein a heterogeneous pool of transit-amplifying cells gives rise to Aire- and Ccl21a-expressing mTEC subsets. We further use experimental techniques to show that within the Aire-expressing developmental branch, TSA expression peaked as Aire expression decreased, implying Aire expression must be established before TSA expression can occur. Collectively, these data provide a roadmap of mTEC development and demonstrate the power of combinatorial approaches leveraging both in vivo models and high-dimensional datasets.
Differential impact of BTK active site inhibitors on the conformational state of full-length BTK
Authors: Joseph Raji E , Amatya Neha , Fulton D Bruce , Engen John R , Wales Thomas E , Andreotti Amy
Published: November 2020

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is targeted in the treatment of B-cell disorders including leukemias and lymphomas. Currently approved BTK inhibitors, including Ibrutinib, a first-in-class covalent inhibitor of BTK, bind directly to the kinase active site. While effective at blocking the catalytic activity of BTK, consequences of drug binding on the global conformation of full-length BTK are unknown. Here, we uncover a range of conformational effects in full-length BTK induced by a panel of active site inhibitors, including large-scale shifts in the conformational equilibria of the regulatory domains. Additionally, we find that a remote Ibrutinib resistance mutation, T316A in the BTK SH2 domain, drives spurious BTK activity by destabilizing the compact autoinhibitory conformation of full-length BTK, shifting the conformational ensemble away from the autoinhibited form. Future development of BTK inhibitors will need to consider long-range allosteric consequences of inhibitor binding, including the emerging application of these BTK inhibitors in treating COVID-19.
Spreading of a mycobacterial cell-surface lipid into host epithelial membranes promotes infectivity
Authors: Cambier CJ , Banik Steven M , Buonomo Joseph A , Bertozzi Carolyn R
Published: November 2020

Several virulence lipids populate the outer cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), one of the most abundant outer membrane lipids, plays important roles in both defending against host antimicrobial programs and in evading these programs altogether. Immediately following infection, mycobacteria rely on PDIM to evade Myd88-dependent recruitment of microbicidal monocytes which can clear infection. To circumvent the limitations in using genetics to understand virulence lipids, we developed a chemical approach to track PDIM during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish. We found that PDIM's methyl-branched lipid tails enabled it to spread into host epithelial membranes to prevent immune activation. Additionally, PDIM’s affinity for cholesterol promoted this phenotype; treatment of zebrafish with statins, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, decreased spreading and provided protection from infection. This work establishes that interactions between host and pathogen lipids influence mycobacterial infectivity and suggests the use of statins as tuberculosis preventive therapy by inhibiting PDIM spread.
Osmolarity-independent electrical cues guide rapid response to injury in zebrafish epidermis
Authors: Kennard Andrew S , Theriot Julie A
Published: November 2020

The ability of epithelial tissues to heal after injury is essential for animal life, yet the mechanisms by which epithelial cells sense tissue damage are incompletely understood. In aquatic organisms such as zebrafish, osmotic shock following injury is believed to be an early and potent activator of a wound response. We find that, in addition to sensing osmolarity, basal skin cells in zebrafish larvae are also sensitive to changes in the particular ionic composition of their surroundings after wounding, specifically the concentration of sodium chloride in the immediate vicinity of the wound. This sodium chloride-specific wound detection mechanism is independent of cell swelling, and instead is suggestive of a mechanism by which cells sense changes in the transepithelial electrical potential generated by the transport of sodium and chloride ions across the skin. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that electric fields directly applied within the skin are sufficient to initiate actin polarization and migration of basal cells in their native epithelial context in vivo, even overriding endogenous wound signaling. This suggests that, in order to mount a robust wound response, skin cells respond to both osmotic and electrical perturbations arising from tissue injury.
Early survey with bibliometric analysis on machine learning approaches in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Chiroma Haruna , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Jauro Fatsuma , Al-Garadi Mohammed A. , Abdullahi Idris N. , Shuib Liyana
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe mortality across the globe, with the USA as the current epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic even though the initial outbreak was in Wuhan, China. Many studies successfully applied machine learning to fight COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive survey with bibliometric analysis has been conducted yet on the adoption of machine learning to fight COVID-19. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to bridge this gap by carrying out an in-depth survey with bibliometric analysis on the adoption of machine learning-based technologies to fight COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective, including an extensive systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis.

Methods

We applied a literature survey methodology to retrieved data from academic databases and subsequently employed a bibliometric technique to analyze the accessed records. Besides, the concise summary, sources of COVID-19 datasets, taxonomy, synthesis and analysis are presented in this study. It was found that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is mainly utilized in developing COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis tools, mostly from chest X-ray and chest CT scan images. Similarly, in this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of machine learning-based COVID-19 related publications in the Scopus and Web of Science citation indexes. Finally, we propose a new perspective for solving the challenges identified as direction for future research. We believe the survey with bibliometric analysis can help researchers easily detect areas that require further development and identify potential collaborators.

Results

The findings of the analysis presented in this article reveal that machine learning-based COVID-19 diagnose tools received the most considerable attention from researchers. Specifically, the analyses of results show that energy and resources are more dispenses towards COVID-19 automated diagnose tools while COVID-19 drugs and vaccine development remains grossly underexploited. Besides, the machine learning-based algorithm that is predominantly utilized by researchers in developing the diagnostic tool is CNN mainly from X-rays and CT scan images.

Conclusions

The challenges hindering practical work on the application of machine learning-based technologies to fight COVID-19 and new perspective to solve the identified problems are presented in this article. Furthermore, we believed that the presented survey with bibliometric analysis could make it easier for researchers to identify areas that need further development and possibly identify potential collaborators at author, country and institutional level, with the overall aim of furthering research in the focused area of machine learning application to disease control.
Exposure to low concentrations of pesticide stimulates ecological functioning in the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis
Authors: Manning Paul , Cutler G. Christopher
Published: November 2020

Body-size is an important trait for predicting how species contribute to ecosystem functions and respond to environmental stress. Using the dung beetle Onthophagus nuchicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), we explored how variation in body-size affected ecosystem functioning (dung burial) and sensitivity to an environmental stressor (exposure to the veterinary anthelmintic ivermectin). We found that large beetles buried nearly 1.5-fold more dung than small beetles, but that mortality from exposure to a range of concentrations of ivermectin did not differ between large and small beetles. Unexpectedly, we found that exposure to low concentrations of ivermectin (0.01⁠–1 mg ivermectin per kg dung) stimulated dung burial in both small and large beetles. Our results provide evidence of ecological functioning hormesis stemming from exposure to low amounts of a chemical stressor that causes mortality at high doses.
Effects of whole-body vibrations on neuromuscular fatigue: a study with sets of different durations
Authors: Kalc Miloš , Ritzmann Ramona , Strojnik Vojko
Published: November 2020

Background

Whole body vibrations have been used as an exercise modality or as a tool to study neuromuscular integration. There is increasing evidence that longer WBV exposures (up to 10 minutes) induce an acute impairment in neuromuscular function. However, the magnitude and origin of WBV induced fatigue is poorly understood.

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate the magnitude and origin of neuromuscular fatigue induced by half-squat long-exposure whole-body vibration intervention (WBV) with sets of different duration and compare it to non-vibration (SHAM) conditions.

Methods

Ten young, recreationally trained adults participated in six fatiguing trials, each consisting of maintaining a squatting position for several sets of the duration of 30, 60 or 180 seconds. The static squatting was superimposed with vibrations (WBV30, WBV60, WBV180) or without vibrations (SHAM30, SHAM60, SHAM180) for a total exercise exposure of 9-minutes in each trial. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), level of voluntary activation (%VA), low- (T20) and high-frequency (T100) doublets, low-to-high-frequency fatigue ratio (T20/100) and single twitch peak torque (TWPT) were assessed before, immediately after, then 15 and 30 minutes after each fatiguing protocol.

Result

Inferential statistics using RM ANOVA and post hoc tests revealed statistically significant declines from baseline values in MVC, T20, T100, T20/100and TWPTin all trials, but not in %VA. No significant differences were found between WBV and SHAM conditions.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the origin of fatigue induced by WBV is not significantly different compared to control conditions without vibrations. The lack of significant differences in %VA and the significant decline in other assessed parameters suggest that fatiguing protocols used in this study induced peripheral fatigue of a similar magnitude in all trials.
Patterns of Ocular Trauma Presenting to the Tertiary Eye Care Centre in the Islands of Andaman and Nicobar
Authors: Das Sujit , Rana Manika
Published: November 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns of ocular trauma, determine the groups at risk, types of injuries, visual and post traumatic anatomical outcomes in patients presenting to our hospital − ANIIMS, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Method:

It is a prospective hospital based observational study done over a period of two years on ocular trauma cases presenting to the emergency or referred to the ophthalmology department from June 2016 to June 2018. A questionnaire was made and data was collected on the patientʼs age, gender, affected eye, aetiology, location of trauma, visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and subsequent gonioscopy, hospital admission, maximum stay in the hospital and primary and secondary surgical intervention done.

Results:

The study included 77 eyes of 70 patients. Males were affected in 84% of cases. The highest incidence of trauma was seen in the age group of 21-30 years (34%). Children below 10 years were found in 14% cases. Blunt ocular trauma was found in 38 patients (25.7%) whereas penetrating injuries were found in six eyes (8.6%). Road traffic accident was found as the most common cause of trauma (25.7%). Hospitalization was done in 30 patients (42.85%) and the maximum stay in the hospital was three days. Primary surgical interventions were required in 25 patients (35.71%).

Conclusions:

Road traffic accident is one of the major cases related to blunt ocular trauma and early intervention can prevent ocular morbidity. Children are at a higher risk for accidental ocular injuries especially with sharp objects. Safety is the key in preventing ocular injuries and thereby can reduce the burden on the individual as well as on the socioeconomic and health resources of any nation.