bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nexus Between Financial Literacy and Saving Performance: Implications for Creating Self‐Financing Society
Authors: Duguma Girma Jirata , Han Jiqin
Published: November 2024

Making informed and effective savings decisions requires adequate knowledge and skills about saving products. This knowledge and skills are acquired through financial literacy (FL) training. Despite the existence of various local financial institutions and their efforts to encourage saving mobilization, domestic savings in many developing countries remain low due to low levels of FL. Using a nonrandomized, quasi‐experimental design method, with a sample of 328 saving and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) from Ethiopia, we investigated whether SACCOs providing FL for their education and Savings Committee members report improved saving performance than their counterparts not offering FL. We used administrative data and conducted our analysis at the institutional level. Our result from a combination of difference‐in‐difference and propensity score matching (DiD‐PSM) estimations reveals that FL training plays a decisive role in boosting SACCOs' saving performance. The DiD‐PSM result further shows, compared to controlled SACCOs, treated SACCOs have been successful in acquiring new net saver members and encouraging current members to increase their deposits. Besides, the implications of our findings for financial self‐reliance are discussed. To improve saving performance, policy initiatives promoting FL training in SACCOs are required.
Propagation Dynamics in Time‐Periodic Reaction–Diffusion Systems with Network Structures
Authors: Deng Dong , Li Wan‐Tong , Ruan Shigui , Zhang Liang
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to study the propagation dynamics for a class of time‐periodic reaction–diffusion systems with network structures. In the first part, by using the persistence theory, we obtain threshold results for the extinction and uniform persistence of the corresponding periodic ordinary differential system. The second part is concerned with the asymptotic speed of spread and traveling wave solutions. The uniform boundedness of solutions is proved by employing the refined high‐dimensional local ‐estimate and abstract periodic evolution theories and the spreading properties of the corresponding solutions are established. We also prove the existence of the critical periodic traveling wave with wave speed by using a delicate limitation argument. Finally, these results are applied to a multistage epidemiological model.
Exploring Peak Concentric Force and Zero Velocity Synchronization in the Drop Jump
Authors: Hook Arlo , Stephens Jessica , Mason Billy , Warmenhoven John , Ball Nick
Published: November 2024

The application of force is a key aspect of performance during athletic activities. In jumping, the timing and magnitude of force application are important performance factors. The relative timing of forces has only been investigated in the countermovement jump. This study aimed to explore if the synchronization of peak concentric force with the instance of zero velocity during a drop jump impacted performance and examine the relationship of force–time curve shape to performance. Sixty‐six state‐level athletes (24 males and 42 females) completed drop jumps from a 30 cm box onto dual force plates. The jump with the highest reactive strength index (RSI) score was taken for analysis and classified as synchronous or asynchronous based on the relative timing of peak concentric force and zero velocity. RSI and other force–time variables were compared between groups, and functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was performed on the force–time curves, which were used to perform functional principal component regression (fPCR). Synchronous jumpers exhibited greater RSI scores and shorter contact times compared to asynchronous jumpers. Performance differences were largely driven by improved concentric kinetics, which the fPCR model revealed to have the greatest influence on RSI. Sex was also found to be a significant factor for RSI in the fPCR model. fPCA revealed that greater force application preceding and throughout the amortization phase was positively associated with RSI. The timing of peak concentric force and the shape of the force–time curve are key factors for drop jump performance, and these concepts should be investigated further in other athletic activities.
Manure‐biochar blends effectively reduce nutrient leaching and increase water retention in a sandy, agricultural soil: Insights from a field experiment
Authors: Lebrun Manhattan , Aguinaga Maria , Zahid Zubda , Šimek Pavel , Ouředníček Petr , Klápště Petr , Száková Jiřina , Bímová Kateřina Berchová , Jačka Lukáš , Beesley Luke , Punčochář Jan , Trakal Lukáš
Published: November 2024

Organic amendments are commonly applied singularly to soils to improve physical, biological and chemical properties, but their combination may be even more advantageous than when applied alone. In this study manure was applied singularly and in combination with biochar (90:10 and 50:50 ratios) to a drought prone agricultural Regosol in a field evaluation. Samples were collected twice a year for 2 years and subjected to testing for moisture retention, nutrient status and microbial activity whilst weed growth was monitored by drone. Substantial seasonal variability in all parameters measured was observed, though all amendments increased actual soil moisture content between 18 and 41% initially; without the addition of biochar (i.e., manure alone) this reverted back to reduced moisture content towards the second year of sampling. None of the tested amendment combinations significantly affected soil‐saturated hydraulic conductivity. Cation exchange capacity decreased as a result of manure addition alone, the addition of 10% biochar and 50% biochar increased this significantly (23%–54% increase). Though microbial biomass and enzyme soil health indicators showed no decisive changes as a result of amendment application, and plant biomass was variable by ground sampling, drone imagery proved that plant heights and health were generally increased as a result of biochar addition to manure, compared with manured soil alone. In summary, despite much field seasonal variability limiting the interpretation of the data, this study nonetheless demonstrates a useful maintenance of improved soil moisture achieved by adding biochar together with manure to a drought‐prone soil agricultural soil.
An unusual case of reagent interference in transfusion medicine workup: Pan reactive indirect antiglobulin test caused by commercial saline solution
Authors: Pedersen Martin Tøffner , Bach‐Hansen Helle , Rasmussen Kristina Fruerlund , Yazer Mark H. , Sprogøe Ulrik
Published: November 2024

Background

At the regional transfusion service in the Region of Southern Denmark, serological investigations are primarily carried out using column agglutination techniques. This case study examines an unusual instance of reagent interference in pretransfusion testing using column agglutination at the Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa.

Case Presentation

A 72‐year‐old male patient presented for pretransfusion testing prior to hernia surgery. He typed as O RhD negative without discrepancies, but the antibody screen showed weakly positive reactions. Routine investigations showed discrepancies, leading to further investigations.

Methods

Various serological tests were performed using in‐house and commercial red test cells suspended in different suspension media and with different column agglutination cards and cassettes. Further investigations included washing of test cells, testing alternative saline solutions, varying incubation temperatures, testing without antihuman‐globulin, and applying proteolytic enzymes.

Results

Reactivity was present with red cells suspended in ID‐CellStab (BioRad) but not in Red Cell Diluent (Quidel‐Ortho). Reactivity was abolished by using trypsin‐treated cells, indicating either the presence of an antibody reacting with—or unspecific agglutination depending on—a trypsin‐sensitive protein, in both cases enhanced by ID‐CellStab.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of recognising reagent‐dependent reactivity in serological testing. Adjustments to the suspension media resolved the incompatibility. Immunohematology laboratories should consider potential reagent interference when unexpected agglutination occurs.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Zoonotic Potential of Nontyphoidal Salmonella From Household Dogs
Authors: Kenney Sophia M. , M'ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Ganda Erika
Published: November 2024

Background

Companion animals, like household dogs, are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Given the proximity of dogs to humans and the use of critically important antibiotics in companion animal medicine, household dogs represent a risk for the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) Salmonella.

Methods and Results

To this end, we aimed to leverage existing biosurveillance infrastructure to investigate AMR and the zoonotic potential of NTS isolated from dogs and humans. We identified all NTS strains isolated from domestic dogs via the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network between May 2017 and March 2023 (N = 87), and spatiotemporally matched strains isolated from humans in the NCBI Pathogen Isolate Browser (N = 77). These 164 strains, collected from 17 states in the United States, formed the basis of our analysis. Strains isolated from dogs comprised diverse serovars, with most being clinically relevant to human health. All strains possessed AMR determinants for drug classes deemed critically or highly important by the World Health Organization. We identified sixteen NTS isolates from humans closely related to ≥1 of six dog‐associated strains.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and sustained biosurveillance beyond human‐ and agriculture‐associated veterinary medicine, using a One‐Health framework that accounts for all transmission points including companion animals.
Integrating Motion Intention and Impedance Control in Teleoperated Robotic Rehabilitation for Upper Extremity Disorders
Authors: Banzon Angelo-Jose , Wang Emily , Luo Yue , Jin Li , Jiang Lin
Published: November 2024

Due to the global pandemic in 2020, rehabilitation services had to adapt to virtual care to meet the needs of patients with a diversity of upper extremity disorders and injuries, from simple fingertip injuries to replanted extremities, while mitigating the spread of COVID-19. For patients who require occupational therapy in their rehabilitation, teleoperated robotic care can fulfill this need. Moreover, some clinical studies show that incorporating the active intention of patients into rehabilitation training enhances the effectiveness of therapies. This research aims to develop a bilateral impedance controller with a Franka Emika 7DOF (degree-of-freedom) articulated robot using matlab, facilitating upper limb occupational therapy. Through this setup, the Franka robot will lead patients through various therapeutic exercises based on their motion intention, such as a pick-and-place exercise. The exercises' efficacy is assessed through evaluations of torque, muscle strength, and jerking performance. During patients' rehabilitation exercises with the Franka robot, we anticipate observing decreased muscle activity alongside a smooth, assist-as-needed (AAN) trajectory. This method will allow a patient to perform complex movements essential for daily activities quicker than traditional occupational therapy.
A numerical study of deep excavations adjacent to existing tunnels: integrating CPTU and SDMT to calibrate soil constitutive model
Authors: Lai Fengwen , Tschuchnigg Franz , Schweiger Helmut F. , Liu Songyu , Shiau Jim , Cai Guojun
Published: November 2024

Accurate determination of parameters for an advanced soil constitutive model highly relies on laboratory testing, even though it is notoriously difficult to obtain undisturbed samples for soft soils. This study explores the potential use of in situ tests, such as piezocone penetration tests (CPTU) and seismic dilatometer tests (SDMT), to estimate the constitutive model parameters. Based on a case history of a deep excavation adjacent to existing tunnels in silt/sand-dominated sediments, a calibration approach of a set of the HSSmall (Hardening Soil Model with small strain stiffness) model parameters is presented, and the derived parameters are used to numerically compute the interactive responses of tunnels and deep excavations. Several comparisons against field monitoring data indicate that the numerical model with the CPTU/SDMT-interpreted HSSmall model parameters adequately reproduces observed deformation responses of deep excavations adjacent to tunnels. However, in the considered case study, the use of laboratory tests with disturbed samples to estimate the stiffness parameters of the HSSmall model results in an overconservative solution. This finding supports the use of CPTU/SDMT to provide representative parameters for a range of soil layers, leading to the conclusion that tunnel linings may be beneficial to mitigate ground movements and wall deflections due to a “barrier” effect.
Blended Realities - Higher Education Student Reflections on Acquiring Skills for Game Creation in a Project-Based- and Blended Learning Environment
Authors: Palmquist Adam , Alves Joana , Baranyi Rene , Munkvold Robin , Carvalho Vítor , Oliveira Eva
Published: November 2024

This study delves into higher education students' active participation in an Erasmus+ blended intensive program (BIP) that focuses on teaching game creation. Three universities facilitated the BIP, which had 22 international students. The program, designed around project-based learning and onsite/online collaboration, empowered students to better prepare them for careers in the game industry. Two student focus groups were analyzed using thematic analysis to understand the students' perceptions of the educational approach. The investigation findings emphasize that aligning game creation teaching with conditions and technologies in the game industry is challenging in practice despite its apparent simplicity on paper. It also underscores the crucial role of soft skills and transversal competencies in game creation education. These skills, often overlooked, play a vital role in the success of game creation projects. With this study, we wish to contribute to the discourse on game education by offering insights into the enablers and barriers to teaching game creation within higher education. It provides ten useful considerations for game scholars and educators to deliberate in their profession.
Cohesin rad21 mutation dysregulates erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis output within the whole kidney marrow of adult zebrafish
Authors: Gimenez Gregory , Kalev-Zylinska Maggie L. , Morison Ian , Bohlander Stefan K. , Horsfield Julia A. , Antony Jisha
Published: November 2024

Mutations in cohesin subunit genes are early events in leukemogenesis. This study characterizes the hematopoietic compartment of adult zebrafish that carry germline heterozygous mutation in cohesin subunit, rad21. Our results show that despite normal appearance, rad21 mutant adult zebrafish exhibit transcriptional dysregulation and altered erythroid and granulocyte output. No obvious morphological dysplasia was observed in the rad21 mutant hematopoietic cells. These results suggest that rad21 mutation can cause underlying hematopoietic disturbances.
Hypercapnia impacts neural drive and timing of diaphragm neuromotor control
Authors: Khurram Obaid U. , Kantor-Gerber Maximilian J. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sieck Gary C.
Published: November 2024

The neuromotor control of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) in response to hypercapnia is not well understood. We show that both the number of motor units recruited and their discharge rates increase with hypercapnia, consistent with increased respiratory drive during hypercapnia. Potentially in response to this increased drive, the greatest effect of hypercapnia is on during the postinspiratory (descending) ramp of DIAm EMG activity, which shortens to facilitate higher respiratory rates.
Comparing the Effects of Korean and Brazilian Propolis on Anti‐Atopic Dermatitis and the Related Mechanisms Through In Silico and In Vitro Analyses
Authors: Jo Kyeong Ah , Park Soo-Yeon , Choi Kwanyong , Lee Doo-Hee , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder requiring continuous care and treatment. Therefore, exploring the therapeutic potential of natural ingredients for AD is essential. This study conducted a network analysis to investigate the anti‐AD effects of propolis and its underlying mechanism, with a focus on the compositional differences between Korean and Brazilian propolis. To identify the bioactive components and related mechanisms, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD‐induced HaCaT cells with and without propolis treatment were identified. NCBI, SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH, and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) were used to identify target genes of the propolis compounds, and these genes were compared with the DEGs to identify the shared target genes. Notably, CXCL10 and CCL2 were highly associated with target genes shared between Korean and Brazilian propolis, with Korean propolis affecting TLR4, RIPK2, and PYCARD and Brazilian propolis influencing CEBPB, PTGS2, and DAB2IP. Korean propolis was found to predominantly impact the regulation of mast cell activation and the cytosolic DNA‐sensing pathway, whereas Brazilian propolis primarily affects Type I interferon–mediated regulation and the TNF signaling pathway. Additionally, both the TNF and IL‐17 signaling pathways were implicated in the mechanisms of both Brazilian propolis and Korean propolis. Furthermore, our study validated the therapeutic potential of propolis in AD treatment, as evidenced by significant reductions in TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐13, CXCL10, CCL2, and histamine release in an AD‐induced model. This study confirms the efficacy of Korean and Brazilian propolis in treating AD and reveals molecular mechanism differences due to variations in major components and target genes.
Research on Local Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Vector Reducer Based on Motor Current Signature Analysis
Authors: Li Heng , Zhao Bing , Li Jingyang , Qiao Yueqi , Zhang Shen
Published: November 2024

The rotary vector (RV) reducer, as a highly precise transmission mechanism, can lead to a series of consequential hazards when experiencing local faults. Conducting corresponding research on performance monitoring and fault diagnosis holds significant importance. In order to achieve higher diagnostic accuracy, better classification, prediction effect, and less use of sensors, this paper proposes a local fault diagnosis method of RV reducer based on Motor current signature analysis (MCSA). Firstly, the centre gear local fault electromechanical coupling model is created by combining the working principle of the servo motor, the working characteristics of the RV reducer, and the influencing factors of motor current. Then, according to the actual operating conditions of industrial robots (IRs), the corresponding experimental platform is designed and constructed, and current signals in four different modes are collected. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on the current signals to obtain frequency domain features, and the correctness of the local fault coupling model of the centre gear is experimentally verified. Finally, the time‐domain statistical features, time–frequency domain features, and CNN features of servo‐feedback current signals under different rotational speeds are extracted and used in the implementation of local fault diagnosis for the RV reducer, respectively. In this paper, it is confirmed that MCSA can be used for localized fault diagnosis of the RV reducer, and combined with a deep learning network, it can effectively predict the fault modes with an average accuracy of more than 96%.
Damage Identification in Large‐Scale Bridge Girders Using Output‐Only Modal Flexibility–Based Deflections and Span‐Similar Virtual Beam Models
Authors: Le N. T. , Nguyen A. , Chan T. H. T. , Thambiratnam D. P.
Published: November 2024

Damage identification (DI) methods using changes in static and modal flexibility (MF)–based deflections are effective tools to assess the damage in beam‐like structures due to the explicit relationships between deflection change and stiffness reduction caused by damage. However, current methods developed for statically determinate beams require the calculation of mathematical scalar functions which do not exist in statically indeterminate beams and limit their application mainly to single‐span bridges and cantilever structures. This paper presents an enhanced deflection‐based damage identification (DBDI) method that can be applied to both statically determinate and indeterminate beams, including multispan girder bridges. The proposed method utilises the deflections obtained either from static tests or proportional defections extracted from output‐only vibration tests. Specifically, general mathematical relationships between deflection change and relative deflection change with respect to the damage characteristics are established. From these, additional damage‐locating criteria are proposed to help distinguish undamaged spans from the damaged ones and to identify the damage location within the damaged span. Notably, a span‐similar virtual beam (SSVB) model concept is introduced to quantify the damage and make this task straightforward without the need to calculate complicated mathematical formulae. This model only requires information of the beam span length, which can be conveniently and accurately obtained from a real structure. The robustness of the method is tested through a series of case studies from a numerical two‐span beam to a benchmark real slab‐on‐girder bridge as well as a complex large‐scale box girder bridge (BGB). The results of these studies, including the minimal verification errors within five percent observed in the real bridge scenario, demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and can serve as a practical tool for structural health monitoring (SHM) of important highway bridges.
Treatment With Kiwi Peel Extract Delays Browning in Ready‐to‐Eat Lettuce
Authors: Fraudentali Ilaria , Pedalino Chiara , Furlani Adriana , Secchiero Andrea , Rogers Hilary J. , Gallo Valentina , Antonini Giovanni , Angelini Riccardo , Cona Alessandra
Published: November 2024

Browning reactions caused by oxidative stress occurring during postharvest procedures significantly compromise the quality of ready‐to‐eat (RTE) vegetables, negatively affecting their market value. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) are two major enzymes involved in this phenomenon, as they oxidize phenolic compounds to quinones, which in turn polymerize to brown pigments. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing antibrowning treatments using food by‐products. Herein, the efficiency of a kiwi peel extract in reducing enzymatic browning of minimally processed lettuce (Lactuca sativa) has been investigated. PPO and POD activities showed an opposite spatial distribution within the leaf, with a higher POD activity in the midvein (MV) and in the inner lamina tissues, and a prevalence of PPO activity in the mesophyll. Considering that MV lignified tissues are those mainly affected by browning, the temporal trend of POD activity over a 20‐day storage period at 4°C was investigated. Data showed that treatment with a kiwi peel extract hinders both the increasing trend of POD activity and browning development compared to control leaves. These results could be potentially useful for the industry as they confirm that natural extracts, such as kiwi peel extract, can be valuable for extending the shelf‐life of RTE products.
Poverty Analysis and Prediction in South Africa Using Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Mohale Vincent Zibi , Obagbuwa Ibidun Christiana
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to analyse and predict the state of poverty in South Africa using remotely sensed data. In the developing world, trustworthy knowledge is still hard to come by for economic survival. One of the 17 sustainable development goals listed by the United Nations is to eradicate poverty. Ground‐level survey data, such as household consumption and wealth, were historically the primary sources for evaluating poverty. As technology has advanced, one method that is now used by both wealthy and developing nations is to estimate the poverty index of a region using remote sensing data, such as satellite images, and a machine learning algorithm. This method uses a highly structured, reasonably priced, and easily accessible data source. This machine learning method calculates the poverty index for a given year and determines how the index relates to other years. Inception NetV3, ResNet50 and convolutional neural network are trained beforehand to estimate the intensity of the night‐time illumination matching to the input daytime satellite images. The suggested model also forecasted the cluster wealth score and created a link between wealth scores derived from satellite images and data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The study investigates a possibly more affordable alternative technique for estimating poverty. The findings imply that satellite data and machine learning can be useful techniques for estimating poverty. By analysing the resilience of the generated estimates to user‐specified algorithmic parameters and model specifications, the work adds to the body of the current literature.
Improving Demand‐Side Energy Management With Energy Advisor Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nigar Natasha , Shahzad Muhammad Kashif , Faisal Hafiz Muhammad , Ajagbe Sunday Adeola , Adigun Matthew O.
Published: November 2024

The prediction of consumers’ electricity consumption is an important demand‐side energy management technique for adaptable dynamic tariff pricing. In this regard, historical consumption patterns play an important role in accurately predicting the future energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a novel system based on machine learning (ML) algorithms to accurately predict not only the future energy consumption based on historical data and various environmental factors but also energy‐saving recommendations for the consumers. The proposed system is evaluated on real‐world energy consumption data, and the results show that random forest (RF) more accurately predicts energy consumption with 98% R‐squared value and 0.51 root mean square error, whereas decision tree (DT) is best fit for personalized energy recommendations resulting in 85% R‐squared and 0.14 root mean square error. The implementation of this system will greatly assist utility companies in making precise future energy consumption forecasts to formulate demand‐side energy management policies which are cost‐effective for both consumers and utility companies.
Solar Panel Self‐Cleaning Mechanisms and Its Effect on the Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Geetha Anbazhagan , S. Usha , J. Santhakumar , R. Palanisamy , Sarawagi Raghav , Singh Avijit
Published: November 2024

The development of society and the economy depends on the wise use of renewable energy sources and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. In both industrialized and developing nations, solar energy, which is a significant source of renewable energy, is emerging as a dependable and cost‐effective replacement for fossil fuels. In several industries, including residential, commercial, and agricultural, there is an increasing demand for solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, dust buildup on solar panels can limit energy transmission and result in power loss in regions with significant amounts of sunlight. The solar cells are shaded by dirt, debris, and soil carried by the wind, which reduces the energy they receive and raises cell temperature, which further reduces solar cell efficiency. The natural accumulation of dust and heat significantly lowers the panel’s ability to produce electricity. This article is intended to develop an automatic self‐cleaning mechanism to solve this problem, which seeks to increase panel efficiency, monitor and control cell temperature, and provide a more affordable solution than the current alternatives. The experimental evaluation of cleaning system performance shows a 14.81% increase in output efficiency, demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing solar degradation. For PV modules, the suggested technique provides an accessible and low‐cost automatic self‐cleaning alternative.
Uncovering the Web of Secrets Surrounding Employee Monitoring Software: A Content Analysis of Information Provided by Vendors
Authors: Laksanadjaja Felicia , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: November 2024

Employee monitoring software enables employers to oversee their workforce, even when working remotely. While it has the potential to enhance efficiency, productivity, and profitability within an organization, there are also significant risks associated with its adoption, such as violations of privacy, security intrusions, and lack of transparency. Although recent research thoroughly discusses the role of employers in the ethical use of monitoring, the role of monitoring software vendors has yet to be explored. Therefore, this research is aimed at exploring vendors’ current involvement in mitigating the risks of employee monitoring software. To achieve this, a content analysis was conducted on 15 websites selling employee monitoring software to examine how vendors address these risks. Given the lack of relevant literature and the possible reluctance of vendors to discuss the risks in surveys or interviews, content analysis enables a systematic review of the available software and the portrayal of employee monitoring on their websites. The findings show that risk‐mitigating features are uncommon in the solutions offered by these companies. Furthermore, vendors tend to misrepresent and under‐represent the risks of monitoring tools on their webpages compared to the benefits. With insights from this study, policymakers and advocates can develop new measures to promote the ethical use of employee monitoring. These measures could include establishing a knowledge center to provide general, evidence‐based information about risks and benefits as an objective third party.
Broad‐Spectrum Nutritional and Pharmacological Significance of the Wild Hyphaene thebaica Palm Fruit
Authors: Adenowo Abiola Fatimah , Ajagun-Ogunleye Olufemi Mulkah , Salisu Titilola Fausat , Olaleye-Haroun Olubunmi Sarat , Omotayo Hameed Adeniran , Akinsanya Mushafau Adewale
Published: November 2024

Despite the number of nutritional and medicinal plant‐based products that have been studied for decades, there are still many rare and underutilized plants of biological importance, whose nutritional and biochemical properties are unmatched, especially the wild doum palm, Hyphaene thebaica. Therefore, it is necessary to unveil the potential advantages of the wild fruit Hyphaene thebaica. The edible wild palm fruit is a rich source of novel nutraceutical and pharmaceutical constituents. It is a rare, underutilized but highly nutritious fruit found in the tropics, and it is rich in a variety of time‐proven healthy macro‐ and micronutrients. In addition to its domestic uses, it has a variety of significant healing potentials such as antioxidant properties, antihypertensive properties, hypolipidemic properties, antidiabetic properties, antimicrobial properties, cytotoxic/anticancer properties, hypolipidemic and neuroprotective properties, anti‐inflammatory properties, and hepatoprotective properties, among others. We hereby present a review of this multifunctional palm fruit, a rare and highly potent edible palm fruit with a broad spectrum of biochemical, domestic, nutraceutical, and pharmacological properties, which makes it a rare gem in the class of plant‐based functional food products. Much research and more clinical trials are necessary to further ascertain the veracity of the reported bioactivities through isolation, purification, and identification of the bioactive compounds. The multipurpose nature of the plant necessitates more research on its utilization in the fulfilment of various aspects of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
Right Heart Recovery Post Lung Transplant With COVID‐19‐Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Arunachalam Ambalavanan , Toyoda Takahide , Nayak Tanvi , Jankowski Madeline , Cerier Emily Jeong , Kaihou Taisuke , Joudi Anthony , Mohsin Suror , Yeldandi Anjana , Venkata Subramani Mrinalini , Myers Catherine , Tomic Rade , Bharat Ankit , Maganti Kameswari , Kurihara Chitaru
Published: November 2024

Background: Right heart remodeling is noted in patients with severe COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There is limited information regarding right heart recovery following lung transplantation in this cohort.

Methods: Retrospective review of institutional transplant database from June 2020 to June 2022 was performed at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. Demographic, laboratory, histopathologic, lung transplant outcomes, and pre‐ and postoperative echocardiographic data were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Of the 42 patients who underwent lung transplantation for COVID‐19‐related ARDS, 6 patients were excluded due to having either a single‐lung transplant (n = 2), lobar transplant (n = 1), or dual‐organ transplant (n = 1) or for missing postoperative TTE data (n = 2) and 36 were included in the study; there were no 90‐day deaths, and the 1‐year survival rate was 88.8%. Intraoperative hemodynamics data showed a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 49 ± 23 mm Hg. Preoperative echocardiography was evaluated at a median of 15.5 (10–34.3) (IQR) days preoperatively and 140 (108–201) days (IQR) postoperatively. RV size grade improved from an average of 1.7 ± 0.85 to 1.3 ± 0.6 (p < 0.05), while RV function improved from an average of 2.2 ± 1.2 to 1 ± 1 (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in RVSP from 46.5 ± 18 mmHg to 30.1 ± 7.8 mmHg (p < 0.05) and RV free wall strain showed improvement from −13.9 ± 6.1% to −18.5 ± 5.4% (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The results showed that the RV size and systolic function demonstrate improvement with normalization in a relatively short period following lung transplantation for patients with COVID‐19‐associated ARDS.
FA‐UNet: Semantic Segmentation of Passive Millimeter–Wave Images for Concealed Object Detection
Authors: Zhang Huakun , Guo Lin , An Deyue , Odbal
Published: November 2024

Passive millimeter–wave (PMMW) scanners are widely used for personal security screening in public places due to their nonradiation and high real‐time capabilities. However, the images obtained by these scanners frequently exhibit low signal‐to‐noise ratios and contrast, presenting challenges for automated detection systems. To address this issue, we propose an efficient semantic segmentation approach, FA‐UNet, that employs a UNet architecture with a fusion attention mechanism to conduct binary classification (human body vs. background, including objects) for PMMW images. This approach incorporates a spatial attention mechanism into the lateral connections between the encoder and decoder and introduces a channel attention mechanism during the feature fusion process in the decoder. By combining these attention mechanisms, FA‐UNet leads to more precise segmentation outcomes. The segmented image is then fused with the original image using our multistage fusion method, in which, first, the two images are blended in a 1:1 ratio for object detection. Then, a new fused image is obtained by adjusting the ratio within a certain range (0.3–0.5). Finally, the object detection results are overlaid on this fused image to generate a directly displayable image. We evaluate our method using a self‐made dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that FA‐UNet can accurately segment the human body region and preserve object shapes effectively. Using the fused image for object detection helps reduce false detections caused by background noise interference while improving the detection rate of weak targets. Additionally, the fused image aids in manual image interpretation in locations with higher security inspection levels and contributes to protect the privacy of individuals undergoing inspection to the greatest extent possible.
Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides From the Abelmoschus sagittifolius: Optimization, Structure, and Bioactivity
Authors: Tran Chi Hai , Vu Thi Thu Hien , Le Ngoc Hien , Phan Van Man
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to extract polysaccharides from Abelmoschus sagittifolius using the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method. Three independent variables, including extraction temperature, microwave power, and microwave time, were chosen for investigation through single‐factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box‐Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions. The study found that the optimal conditions for polysaccharide extraction were a temperature of 63°C, a microwave power of 650 W, and a duration of 58 min. The polysaccharide yield under these conditions was 29.8 g/100 g, closely matching the experimental yield of 30.1 g/100 g. This yield was approximately 1.15 times higher than the yield achieved through conventional extraction methods (heat reflux extraction (HE) method). The study also demonstrated that polysaccharides extracted using the MAE method exhibited improved antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibition and displayed significant inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells compared to the conventional extraction method. Moreover, the polysaccharides obtained from the optimized MAE process had a lower molecular weight and higher polydispersity than the HE method. These findings indicate that MAE is a promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly technology for extracting polysaccharides from A. sagittifolius.
Bone Marrow Failure due to Aplastic Anemia, Associated With Serous Fat Atrophy, and Treated With Allogeneic, Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Pisarcik Matthew J. , Oswalt Cameron J. , Carlsen Eric D. , Horwitz Mitchell E.
Published: November 2024

We describe the case of a 27‐year‐old male, previously healthy though with a social history notable for recreational cocaine use, who developed bone marrow failure due to aplastic anemia (AA) with associated serous fat atrophy (SFA). After the SFA was corrected with nutritional supplementation, the patient underwent successful allogeneic, haploidentical stem cell transplantation with a regimen designed to treat AA. To our knowledge, this is the first case of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed following correction of SFA. Herein we propose our novel hypothesis that SFA, once resolved, is not a contraindication to stem cell transplantation, which we believe adds valuable insight toward an improved understanding of nutrition’s role in HSCT. Additionally, the AA is thought to be toxin‐induced and specifically levamisole‐mediated after exposure to levamisole‐adulterated cocaine. We highlight potential connections between levamisole, AA, and SFA and call for further efforts to understand these relationships—especially as the use of levamisole as a cocaine adulterant continues to rise across the globe.
Ocular Coherence Tomography Unveils Alport Syndrome: A Critical Tool in Detecting Collagen IV Nephropathies
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelrahman , Altawallbeh Zena , Revelo Monica Patricia , Gregory Martin , Al-Rabadi Laith
Published: November 2024

Collagen IV pathogenic variants are present in Alport syndrome (AS) and some forms of familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These conditions pose diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical, histological, and genetic features. Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal diagnostic tool by revealing ocular manifestations characteristic of AS. Here, we present two cases initially diagnosed with primary FSGS but later found to harbor collagen IV pathogenic variants. Both cases progressed to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) needing transplantation. OCT revealed severe temporal macular thinning consistent with AS in both cases. Our findings highlight the critical role of OCT in distinguishing the subtle differences in the presentation of collagen IV nephropathies. OCT proves valuable for clinicians, particularly when COL4 nephropathies present ambiguous or overlapping features. In such instances, OCT serves to establish precise diagnoses, preventing unnecessary immune suppression. Therefore, incorporating OCT alongside genetic and histological evaluations is crucial for accurate diagnosis, management, and appropriate genetic counseling. Furthermore, recognizing the prevalence of AS accurately is pivotal for conducting population‐based studies, which are essential for advancing our understanding of the condition, improving patient care, and informing future research initiatives.
A Novel Method of Jute Viscose From Jute Fiber and Its Characterization
Authors: Jahan M. Sarwar , Rahaman Md. Samsur , Rahman Md. Latifur , Samadder Rajib , Rahaman Faisal S. , Hossain Shakhawat , Ruhane Tania Akhter , Khan Mubarak A.
Published: November 2024

The growing demand for cotton and the low production rate required to meet global demands have encouraged viscose manufacturing from renewable sources. This work develops a sustainable method to extract viscose fibers (cellulosic‐based precursor) from jute, a renewable resource. Jute fiber is the second largest fiber crop in southern Asia, which contains 65%–70% cellulose and contributes to environmental benefits such as oxygen production, carbon dioxide emission, and heavy metal absorption during harvesting. The treated jute fiber was modified to regenerated cellulose (viscose), as confirmed by different characterizations. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test 1423, 1365, 1033, and 1021 cm−1 represented that modified jute fiber resembled viscose fiber, and TGA attributed the thermal stability of glass transition below 100°C and thermal degradation to jute viscose fiber. XRD analysis provides a crystal index of 91.79% of viscose from jute fiber, which is higher than the 76.06% crystal index of raw jute. Here, SEM and physiomechanical properties were also characterized by raw jute and viscose from jute fiber.
Using Gibbs Energy Additivity Methods for QSPR to Model the Density of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters and Biodiesels
Authors: Sirimongkolgal Natakron , Amornkitbamrung Mana , Chum-in Thinnaphop , Phankosol Suriya
Published: November 2024

Liquid fuel density is an essential physical parameter in the design and application processes. This paper employed the Gibbs free energy technique with quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) for determining the density of pure fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) and ethyl ester biodiesel at temperature 283.15–363.15 K. The density (ρ) of biodiesel can be estimated from (1) the number of carbon atoms of fatty acids (z) and the number of double bonds (nd): ln ρ = −0.4466–0.0009z + 88.28/T + 0.2092z/T + 0.01734nd–1.578nd/T or (2) the saponification number (SN) and iodine value (IV): ln ρ = −0.4436–3.60/SN + 87.594/T + 836.8/(T × SN) + 0.0380 IV/SN – 3.4222 IV/(T × SN), where T is the absolute temperature. The predicted densities at different temperatures for pure FAEEs and ethyl ester biodiesel have average absolute deviations (AAD) of 0.100% and 0.200%, respectively.
EM− Graded Rings
Authors: Alraqad Tariq , Saber Hicham , Abu-Dawwas Rashid
Published: November 2024

The main goal of this article is to introduce the concept of EM − G− graded rings. This concept is an extension of the notion of EM− rings. Let G be a group, and R be a G− graded commutative ring. The G− gradation of R can be extended to R[x] by taking the components (R[x])σ = Rσ[x]. We define R to be an EM − G− graded ring if every homogeneous zero divisor polynomial has an annihilating content. We provide examples of EM − G− graded rings that are not EM− rings, and we prove some interesting results regarding these rings.
A Salutogenic Perspective on Critical Care Nurse’s Experiences of Supervising Nurses Without Training in Intensive Care: To Comprehend, Manage, and Feel Meaning During a Crisis
Authors: Fredholm A. , Nordin A. , Andersson M. , Engström Å.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example of a national and international crisis, it has been possible to show how critical care nurses (CCNs) were affected by their work situation with impact on health and wellbeing. This study sought out to investigate how CCNs stress was affected and to provide some answers as to how to react and organize care in a future crisis. The specific focus was CCNs’ stressors related supervision of nurses untrained in intensive care and how these were handled in a salutogenic perspective.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze CCNs’ experiences of supervision of nurses without training in intensive care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to analyze these experiences with the help of the salutogenic concept sense of coherence.

Materials and Methods: The phenomena under study were explored during the years of 2021–2022 through in‐depth interviews and interpreted using deductive content analysis.

Results: By analyzing CCNs experiences of supervising nurses without training in intensive care with the lens of sense of coherence, it was possible to show in what way these concepts influenced how to cope with the demanding situation. Sense of coherence was influenced by the inevitable prioritization of patient care and nursing interventions. This prioritization caused moral distress, but was also enhanced or decreased by CCNs sense of coherence.

Conclusion: When recruiting and introducing new personnel in a future crisis to any field of healthcare, but particularly to the intensive care, we would, on the basis of these findings, suggest that well‐established plans are vital for how to move personnel throughout the organization, and for how to introduce the field of intensive care. Plans for how to model care with the help of RNs without specialist training should be put in place. A communication plan for the organization is also of importance to enhance transparency.