bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane mole fractions at
the Siberian coastal site Ambarchik
Authors: Reum Friedemann , Göckede Mathias , Lavric Jost V. , Kolle Olaf , Zimov Sergey , Zimov Nikita , Pallandt Martijn , Heimann Martin
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Sparse data coverage in the Arctic hampers our understanding of its carbon cycle dynamics and our predictions of the fate of its vast carbon reservoirs in a changing climate. In this paper, we present accurate measurements of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 dry air mole fractions at the new atmospheric carbon observation station Ambarchik, which closes a large gap in the atmospheric trace gas monitoring network in northeastern Siberia. The site, operational since August 2014, is located near the delta of the Kolyma River at the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Data quality control of CO2 and CH4 measurements includes frequent calibrations traced to WMO scales, employment of a novel water vapor correction, an algorithm to detect influence of local polluters, and meteorological measurements that enable data selection. The available CO2 and CH4 record was characterized in comparison with in situ data from Barrow, Alaska. A footprint analysis reveals that the station is sensitive to signals from the East Siberian Sea, as well as northeast Siberian tundra and taiga regions. This makes data from Ambarchik highly valuable for inverse modeling studies aimed at constraining carbon budgets within the pan-Arctic domain, as well as for regional studies focusing on Siberia and the adjacent shelf areas of the Arctic Ocean.
Reviews and syntheses: Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – definitions, theories, and empirical evidence
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Čapek Petr , Porada Philipp , Thurner Martin , Winterdahl Mattias , Beer Christian , Brüchert Volker , Frouz Jan , Herrmann Anke M. , Lindahl Björn D. , Lyon Steve W. , Šantrůčková Hana , Vico Giulia , Way Danielle
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and
the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that
regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the
atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use
efficiency (CUE) – the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that
system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to
biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage
efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE
definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and
communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and
sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general
CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth
conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then
synthesize > 5000 CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with
increasing biological and ecological organization – from unicellular to
multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that
CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological–abiotic systems, and it
should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of
a given system to effectively retain C.
Mercury anomalies across the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Jones Morgan T. , Percival Lawrence M. E. , Stokke Ella W. , Frieling Joost , Mather Tamsin A. , Riber Lars , Schubert Brian A. , Schultz Bo , Tegner Christian , Planke Sverre , Svensen Henrik H.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Large-scale magmatic events like the emplacement of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) are often coincident with periods of extreme climate change such as the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). One proxy for volcanism in the geological record that is receiving increased attention is the use of mercury (Hg) anomalies. Volcanic eruptions are among the dominant natural sources of Hg to the environment; thus, elevated Hg/TOC values in the sedimentary rock record may reflect an increase in volcanic activity at the time of deposition. Here we focus on five continental shelf sections located around the NAIP in the Paleogene. We measured Hg, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, and δ13C values to assess how Hg deposition fluctuated across the carbon isotope excursion (CIE). We find a huge variation in Hg anomalies between sites. The Grane field in the North Sea, the most proximal locality to the NAIP analyzed, shows Hg concentrations up to 90,100 ppb (Hg/TOC = 95,700 ppb/wt%) in the early Eocene. Significant Hg/TOC anomalies are also present in Danish (up to 324 ppb/wt%) and Svalbard (up to 257 ppb/wt%) sections prior to the onset of the PETM and during the recovery period, while the Svalbard section also shows a continuous Hg/TOC anomaly during the body of the CIE. The combination with other tracers of volcanism, tephra layers and unradiogenic Os isotopes, at these localities suggests that the Hg/TOC anomalies reflect pulses of magmatic activity. In contrast, we do not observe clear Hg anomalies on the New Jersey shelf (Bass River) or the Arctic Ocean (Lomonosov Ridge). This large spatial variance could be due to more regional Hg deposition. One possibility is that phreatomagmatic eruptions and hydrothermal vent complexes formed during the emplacement of sills led to submarine Hg release, which is observed to result in limited distribution in the modern. The Hg/TOC anomalies in strata deposited prior to the CIE may suggest that magmatism linked to the emplacement of the NAIP contributed to the initiation of the PETM. However, evidence for considerable volcanism in the form of numerous tephra layers and Hg/TOC anomalies post-PETM indicates a complicated relationship between LIP volcanism and climate. Factors such as climate system feedbacks, changes to the NAIP emplacement style, and/or varying magma production rates may be key to both the onset and cessation of hyperthermal conditions during the PETM.
Impact of millennial-scale oceanic variability on the Greenland ice sheet evolution throughout the Last Glacial Period
Authors: Tabone Ilaria , Robinson Alexander , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Montoya Marisa
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Temperature reconstructions from Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) ice cores indicate the occurrence of more than twenty abrupt warmings during the Last Glacial Period (LGP) known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Although their ultimate cause is still debated, evidence from both proxy data and modelling studies robustly links these to reorganisations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). During the LGP, the GrIS expanded as far as the continental shelf break and was thus more directly exposed to oceanic changes than in the present. Therefore oceanic temperature fluctuations on millennial timescales could have had a non-negligible impact on the GrIS. Here we assess the effect of millennial-scale oceanic variability on the GrIS evolution from the last interglacial to the present day. To do so, we use a three-dimensional hybrid ice-sheet-shelf model forced by oceanic fluctuations derived from paleo records. We show that the GrIS evolution during the LGP could have been strongly influenced by oceanic changes on millennial timescales, leading to ocean-induced ice volume contributions more than 1.5 m SLE. Several regions across the GrIS could thus have been responsible for ice mass discharge during D-O events, opening the possibility of a non-negligible role of the GrIS in oceanic reorganisations throughout the LGP.
Oceanic forcing of the Eurasian Ice Sheet on millennial time scales during the Last Glacial Period
Authors: Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Banderas Rubén , Robinson Alexander , Montoya Marisa
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The last glacial period (LGP; ca.110–10 ka BP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an important effort has been made to investigate the dynamics and evolution of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during this period, the Eurasian Ice Sheet (EIS) has not received much attention, in particular from a modeling perspective. However, meltwater discharge from this and other ice sheets surrounding the Nordic Seas is often implied as a potential cause of ocean instabilities that lead to glacial abrupt climate changes. Thus, a better understanding of its variations during the LGP is important to understand its role in glacial abrupt climate changes. Here we investigate the response of the EIS to millennial-scale climate variability during the LGP. We use a hybrid, three-dimensional, thermomechanical ice-sheet model that includes ice shelves and ice streams. The model is forced offline through a novel perturbative approach that includes the effect of both atmospheric and oceanic variations and provides a more realistic treatment of millennial-scale climatic variability than conventional methods. Our results show that the EIS responds with enhanced ice discharge in phase with interstadial warming in the North Atlantic when forced with surface ocean temperatures. Conversely, when subsurface ocean temperatures are used, enhanced ice discharge occurs both during stadials and at the beginning of the interstadials. Separating the atmospheric and oceanic effects demonstrates the major role of the ocean in controlling the dynamics of the EIS on millennial time scales. While the atmospheric forcing alone is only able to produce modest iceberg discharges, warming of the ocean leads to higher rates of iceberg discharges as a result of relatively strong basal melting at the margins of the ice sheet. Together with previous work, our results provide a consistent explanation for the response of the LIS and the EIS to glacial abrupt climate changes, and highlight the need for stronger constraints on the local North Atlantic behavior in order to improve our understanding of the ice sheet's glacial dynamics.
Turbulence and hypoxia contribute to dense biological scattering layers in a Patagonian fjord system
Authors: Pérez-Santos Iván , Castro Leonardo , Ross Lauren , Niklitschek Edwin , Mayorga Nicolás , Cubillos Luis , Gutierrez Mariano , Escalona Eduardo , Castillo Manuel , Alegría Nicolás , Daneri Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The
aggregation of plankton species along fjords can be linked to physical
properties and processes such as stratification, turbulence and oxygen
concentration. The goal of this study is to determine how water column
properties and turbulent mixing affect the horizontal and vertical
distributions of macrozooplankton along the only northern Patagonian fjord
known to date, where hypoxic conditions occur in the water column. Acoustic
Doppler current profiler moorings, scientific echo-sounder transects and
in situ plankton abundance measurements were used to study macrozooplankton
assemblages and migration patterns along Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Channel in
Chilean Patagonia. The dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy was quantified
through vertical microstructure profiles collected throughout time in areas
with high macrozooplankton concentrations. The acoustic records and in situ
macrozooplankton data revealed diel vertical migrations (DVM) of
siphonophores, chaetognaths and euphausiids. In particular, a dense
biological backscattering layer was observed along Puyuhuapi Fjord between
the surface and the top of the hypoxic boundary layer (∼100 m), which
limited the vertical distribution of most macrozooplankton and their DVM,
generating a significant reduction of habitat. Aggregations of
macrozooplankton and fishes were most abundant around a submarine sill in
Jacaf Channel. In this location macrozooplankton were distributed throughout
the water column (0 to ∼200 m), with no evidence of a hypoxic boundary
due to the intense mixing near the sill. In particular, turbulence
measurements taken near the sill indicated high dissipation rates of
turbulent kinetic energy (ε∼10-5 W kg−1) and
vertical diapycnal eddy diffusivity (Kρ∼10-3 m2 s−1). The elevated vertical mixing ensures that the
water column is well oxygenated (3–6 mL L−1, 60 %–80 %
saturation), creating a suitable environment for macrozooplankton and fish
aggregations. Turbulence induced by tidal flow over the sill apparently
enhances the interchange of nutrients and oxygen concentrations with the
surface layer, creating a productive environment for many marine species,
where the prey–predator relationship might be favored.
Near surface structure of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from
Rayleigh and Love wave tomography using ambient seismic noise
Authors: Taylor George , Rost Sebastian , Houseman Gregory , Hillers Gregor
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We use observations of surface waves in the ambient noise field recorded at a dense seismic array to image the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in the region of the 1999 magnitude 7.6 Izmit earthquake in western Turkey. The NAFZ is a major strike slip fault system extending ~ 1200 km across northern Turkey and poses a high level of seismic hazard, particularly to the city of Istanbul. Assuming isotropy, we obtain maps of phase velocity variation using surface wave tomography applied to Rayleigh and Love waves and construct high resolution images of S-wave velocity in the upper 10 km of a 70 km by 30 km region around Lake Sapanca. We observe low S-wave velocities (< 2.5 km s−1) associated with the Adapazari and Pamukova sedimentary basins, as well as the northern branch of the NAFZ. In the Armutlu Block, between the two major branches of the NAFZ, we detect higher velocities (> 3.2 km s−1) associated with a shallow crystalline basement. We measure azimuthal anisotropy in our phase velocity observations, with the fast direction seeming to align with the direction of maximum extension for the region (~ 45°). The signatures of both the northern and southern branches of the NAFZ are clearly associated with strong gradients in seismic velocity that also denote the boundaries of major tectonic units. Our results suggest that the development of the NAFZ has exploited this pre-existing contrast in physical properties.
Grounding-line flux formula applied as a flux condition in numerical simulations fails for buttressed Antarctic ice streams
Authors: Reese Ronja , Winkelmann Ricarda , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Currently, several large-scale ice-flow models impose a condition on ice flux
across grounding lines using an analytically motivated parameterisation of
grounding-line flux. It has been suggested that employing this analytical
expression alleviates the need for highly resolved computational domains
around grounding lines of marine ice sheets. While the analytical flux
formula is expected to be accurate in an unbuttressed flow-line setting, its
validity has hitherto not been assessed for complex and realistic geometries
such as those of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here the accuracy of this
analytical flux formula is tested against an optimised ice flow model that
uses a highly resolved computational mesh around the Antarctic grounding
lines. We find that when applied to the Antarctic Ice Sheet the analytical
expression provides inaccurate estimates of ice fluxes for almost all
grounding lines. Furthermore, in many instances direct application of the
analytical formula gives rise to unphysical complex-valued ice fluxes. We
conclude that grounding lines of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are, in general, too
highly buttressed for the analytical parameterisation to be of practical
value for the calculation of grounding-line fluxes.
Probabilistic forecasting of wind power production losses in cold climates: a case study
Authors: Molinder Jennie , Körnich Heiner , Olsson Esbjörn , Bergström Hans , Sjöblom Anna
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The problem of icing on wind turbines in cold climates is addressed using
probabilistic forecasting to improve next-day forecasts of icing and related
production losses. A case study of probabilistic forecasts was generated for
a 2-week period. Uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are
represented with an ensemble forecasting system, while uncertainties in the
spatial representation are included with a neighbourhood method. Using
probabilistic forecasting instead of one single forecast was shown to improve
the forecast skill of the ice-related production loss forecasts and hence the
icing forecasts. The spread of the multiple forecasts can be used as an
estimate of the forecast uncertainty and of the likelihood for icing and
severe production losses. Best results, both in terms of forecast skill and
forecasted uncertainty, were achieved using both the ensemble forecast and
the neighbourhood method combined. This demonstrates that the application of
probabilistic forecasting for wind power in cold climates can be valuable when
planning next-day energy production, in the usage of de-icing systems and
for site safety.
The Indian Style and the Ottoman Literary Canon
Authors: Feldman Walter
Published: October 2018

This article shows how the marginality of the Indian Style within the current canon of Ottoman literature is in part the result of a long-standing fissure within Ottoman literary culture, by which many of the literati separated themselves from the court following the end of the great days of court patronage.
La propuesta de Carolina Tobar García sobre la deficiencia mental tras su experiencia en Estados Unidos
Authors: Molinari Victoria
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se analizan las puntualizaciones de Carolina Tobar García sobre la deficiencia mental tras su retorno, en 1932, de un viaje a los Estados Unidos en el marco de la política del “buen vecino” impulsada por el país del norte. El objetivo era fomentar las buenas relaciones políticas, económicas, culturales y científicas entre Estados Unidos y América Latina. Se destaca que algunas nociones que sostenía Tobar García tras su regreso al país respondían a valores norteamericanos y contrastaban con las ideas y propuestas de los especialistas argentinos. La metodología utilizada se basa en el análisis cualitativo e interpretativo de fuentes bibliográficas relevantes desde la historia crítica de la psicología, la historia intelectual, la circulación de saberes, y la historia social y política que se abocó a las relaciones entre Argentina y Estados Unidos en el período estudiado. Se concluye que las iniciativas de cooperación entre los países tuvieron un impacto visible en las obras de Tobar García. Esto se percibe en las consideraciones de valores democráticos, y en la posición de la autora respecto de la esterilización. También se observan los procesos de apropiación e integración de las experiencias extranjeras y locales en la culminación de su tesis doctoral.
Una revisión de La Psicología. Pasado, presente y problemas (1ª Ed.)
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter Lizandro
Published: October 2018

Autor: Ramón León.

Editorial: Universidad Ricardo Palma, Editorial Universitaria.

Lugar de edición: Lima, Perú.

Número de páginas: 219.

Año: 2018.

ISBN: 978-612-4234-87-3
The Impact of Achievement Motivation on Project-Based Autonomous Learning —— An Empirical Study on the 2017 NBEPC
Authors: Zhou Ruiqi , Bao Yiyi
Published: October 2018

In an era where information and knowledge are updated ever faster, learners’ autonomous learning ability becomes more and more important and is even regarded as one of the key factors to pedagogical success and lifelong learning. While project-based learning is widely adopted in higher education worldwide, learners’ motivation, especially achievement motivation, in adopting autonomous learning strategies to proceed with such kind of projects seems a field relatively less touched. To test the role of achievement motivation in the adoption of autonomous learning strategies in contests, the authors conducted an experiment to 70 participants in 10 contest teams who were involved in the preliminary contest of 2017 NBEPC. Questionnaire survey method was adopted and the result indicates that: 1) teams with high achievement motivation have better application of autonomous learning strategies in the contest; 2) students using more autonomous learning strategies score higher in the contest results; 3) all three phases of autonomous learning have significant relevance with the contest result; 4) all seven types of autonomous learning strategies show significant relevance with the contest result. Despite the limitation of the study, the result is quite significant in learning practice.
Use of a New Deep Vertical Gypsum Placement Practice on Corn and Soybean Production in Conservation Tillage Systems
Authors: Blumenschein Theodore G. , Nelson Kelly A. , Motavalli Peter P.
Published: October 2018

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in claypan soils in the north central U.S. may be constrained by the presence of acidic subsoils. Subsoil acidity can inhibit root growth leading to decreased drought tolerance and grain yields. In conservation tillage systems, management options to incorporate gypsum applications may be limited; thereby reducing available practices to lower subsoil acidity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of surface placement of gypsum compared to a new practice for deep vertical placement of gypsum on corn and soybean plant growth and yields in a conservation tillage system. Field trials were conducted from 2012 to 2016 in northeast Missouri (USA) with treatments of gypsum (0, 2.9, and 5.2 Mg ha-1) broadcast on the soil surface or applied in a deep vertical band to a depth of 51 cm. Surface and deep banding of gypsum had inconsistent effects on corn and soybean plant heights, plant population and yields. However, deep banding of gypsum resulted in a 6.4 to 9.8% decrease in corn yields and a 9.9 to 13.0% decrease in soybean yields depending on the time after application. These results indicate that further research is warranted in conservation tillage systems in claypan soils to examine modification to the deep vertical placement practice or combining applications of surface-applied gypsum and deep placement of lime in order to develop a practice that will be more effective in overcoming subsoil acidity.
Sample Size to Estimate the Mean and Median of Traits in Canola
Authors: Filho Alberto Cargnelutti , Wartha Cleiton Antonio , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara , Neu Ismael Mario Marcio , Silveira Daniela Lixinski
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the sample size (i.e., number of plants) required to estimate the mean and median of canola (Brassica napus L.) traits of the Hyola 61, Hyola 76, and Hyola 433 hybrids with precision levels. At 124 days after sowing, 225 plants of each hybrid were randomly collected. In each plant, morphological (plant height) and productive traits (number of siliques, fresh matter of siliques, fresh matter of aerial part without siliques, fresh matter of aerial part, dry matter of siliques, dry matter of aerial part without siliques, and dry matter of aerial part) were measured. For each trait, measures of central tendency, variability, skewness, and kurtosis were calculated. Sample size was determined by resampling with replacement of 10,000 resamples. The sample size required for the estimation of measures of central tendency (mean and median) varies between traits and hybrids. Productive traits required larger sample sizes in relation to the morphological traits. Larger sample sizes are required for the hybrids Hyola 433, Hyola 61, and Hyola 76, in this sequence. In order to estimate the mean of canola traits of the Hyola 61, Hyola 76 e Hyola 433 hybrids with the amplitude of the confidence interval of 95% equal to 30% of the estimated mean, 208 plants are required. Whereas 661 plants are necessary to estimate the median with the same precision.
Quality of Soybean Seeds Cultivated on Different Potassium Fertilization Management
Authors: Lara Lorena M. , Neto Michel Esper , Chilante Guilherme F. , Inoue Tadeu T. , Braccini Alessandro L. , Batista Marcelo A.
Published: October 2018

Soybean is one of the crops worldwide cultivated, and although it is usually commercialized quantitatively, qualitative characteristics of its production are highlighted, particularly oil and protein content, which is important for human and animal nutrition besides higher industrial yields in the synthesis of its derivatives. This study assessed the quality seed changes of soybean cultivated under different potassium rates in an Oxisol under no-tillage system in Floresta, Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment designed was in complete randomized blocks composed of a cross factorial (5 × 2) with four replicates. It was carried out in two growing seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) totaling 40 experimental units. The rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of K) corresponded to the first factor and sowing fertilization (0 and 30 kg ha-1 of K) was the second factor. Seed electrical conductivity, water content, seed K leaching, seed K content, oil and protein content, seed density, seed mass and yield were measured. The results indicated that K application for soybean may promote better quality seeds production, since electric conductivity, oil and water content and yield have increased in some conditions, although the sowing fertilization did not influence.
Production of Caupi Beans and Chemical Attributes of a Latosol Under Soil Correction Levels
Authors: Galvão Jessivaldo R. , Yakuwa Tiago K. M. , Araújo Leonardo B. , Parise Francisco J. de O. , Galate Rosemiro dos S. , Nascimento Ilano S. B. do , Campos Pedro S. da S. , Viégas Ismael de J. M. , Nascimento Kalyne P. M. , Oliveira Leonardo de A.
Published: October 2018

The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] represents an important source of income and employment in the northeastern region of Para, also being a valuable source of protein in the diet, especially for the rural population. However, the productivity is low, mainly due to the low fertility of the soils used in the region for the cultivation of this plant. In this context, the correction of the factors responsible for the soil limitations that lead to nutrient deficiency, by means of lime, is of great practical importance for obtaining greater yields of crops grown in acidic soils. The objective was to evaluate the effects of five doses of lime in the production of cowpea beans, BR3-Tracuateua and BR2-Bragança cultivars and chemical attributes of a dystrophic oxisoil, at Tracuateua city. The study was a randomized block designed experimental in a factorial (5 × 2) with four replications. The terms of the factorial refer to five doses of limestone and two cowpea cultivars. Liming increased pH and concentrations of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, reducing the Al concentration and saturation. Lime dosages did not provide significant increases in grain production. The cultivar BR3-Tracuateua was more efficient in all liming levels, producing more than 30% of grain than the BR-2 Bragança.
The Size of the Uniformity Trial Affects the Accuracy of Plot Size Estimation in Eggplant
Authors: Krysczun Dionatan K. , Lúcio Alessandro D. , Sari Bruno G. , Diel Maria I. , Olivoto Tiago , Silva José A. G. da , Santana Cinthya S. , Melo Patrícia J. , Gomes Sabrina M.
Published: October 2018

The plot size estimation is based on uniformity trials, however little is known about and how the size of uniformity trial affects the estimate of the plot size. That way, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of uniformity trial size on the estimation of plot size in the eggplant crop. Two uniformity trials were performed with the eggplant culture in a plastic tunnel. The fresh mass of fruit and number of fruits were assessed in six harvests, with a seven-day interval between harvests. For each trial (Tunnel 1 and 2), 25 uniformity trials of different sizes were simulated (3, 4, 5, … 28 BEU) per harvest and harvest row (individual and grouped) since they presented heteroscedasticity. For each planned uniformity trial, bootstrap procedure was used to estimate 3,000 plot sizes by the maximum coefficient of variation curvature method. The mean and 95% confidence interval width was calculated by the difference between the 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles. The AIC95% and plot size averages were higher in individual harvests than grouped harvests. As the size of the simulated uniformity trial increased, it was verified a reduction of the AIC95% of the plot size. However, the mean plot size did not change with increasing uniformity trial size. In this way, it is possible to state that the size of the uniformity trial affects accuracy the plot size estimation because trials with few numbers of basic experimental units present high experimental variability and inaccurate estimates.
Morpho-physiological Characteristics and Molecular Markers of Maize Crosses Under Multi-location Evaluation
Authors: Greveniotis Vasileios A. , Giourieva Veronica S. , Bouloumpasi Elisavet C. , Sioki Evangelia J. , Mitlianga Paraskevi G.
Published: October 2018

The superior lines A1, A2, B1 and B2, which were developed from honeycomb evaluation in two different environments (A and B), were crossed in the field in environment A to obtain the following six crosses A1×A2, A1×B1, A1×B2, A2×B1, A2×B2 and B1×B2. Measurements performed in a RCB design included quantitative and quality characteristics and molecular data based on ISSR molecular markers. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of variation of quantitative, quality and molecular characteristics among crosses of superior selected lines that developed after multi-location selection.

Principal component and cluster analyses were used for grouping genotypes, while correlations were performed to investigate relations between all quantitative and quality characteristics. According to PCA analysis, the six newly-developed crosses, which were evaluated in different environments, showed measurable distances between the identical lines (B1×B2 (A) and B1×B2 (B)) suggesting genotype-environment interaction. Also, cluster analysis showed that some crosses, such as A1×B2 (A) and A1×B2 (B), are grouped in separate and distinct clusters indicating that dissimilar developmental environments may cause changes in quantitative traits. This may be due to the origin of the selected lines, since they were developed in different locations. Lines developed in the same location gave crosses that had similar behavior in the two locations. Also, it is clear that a kind of gene fixation is apparent from the C3 cycle in A1xA2 cross, since it is close (and similar) to the C4 cross. Crosses including A2 line showed a greater stability in both environments.
Specific Kieselguhr Increased Hop Yield Over Several Years
Authors: Matsui Hiroo , Jezek Josef , Pokorny Jaroslav , Donner Pavel , Horiuchi Minoru , Kamigasa Satoru , Krofta Karel , Patzak Josef
Published: October 2018

The yields of farm crops are strongly affected by rainfall. Cultivation methods that can alleviate rainfall shortage have been long awaited to ensure stable and sustainable crop production. Porous materials, such as kieselguhr and perlite, were applied during hop cultivation, and their contribution to yield and beer quality was analyzed. An increase of over 20% in yield was confirmed following the application of burnt coarse kieselguhr. This increase was sustained for at least 3 years from the time of burnt coarse kieselguhr application in the first year. Water content around the hop root was maintained at a high level after burnt coarse kieselguhr application. Therefore, it appeared that burnt coarse kieselguhr absorbs water in its porous space during rainfall and releases water to the plants thereafter, including during drought conditions. However, the quality of the hops was not changed following burnt coarse kieselguhr application. Burnt coarse kieselguhr application around the plant root is expected to alleviate the effect of climate change and contribute to the stable and sustainable production of various crops that need a constant water supply.
Identification and assessment of technical hazards in the context of national security
Authors: Wojtyto Dorota
Published: October 2018

Apart from contemporary natural and socio-economic hazards, which are sources of crises, risks associated with human activity, and therefore technical threats, also play an important role in the context of the overall level of national security. These include fires, construction disasters, transportation disasters, failures and contamination. For the article purposes the results of statistical surveys of national and international sources of information on threats and results of surveys conducted in selected local administration units (n = 101) were used. The study period covered the years 1999-2014. Due to the occurrence of technical hazards, the losses they generated were indicated as well. In addition, the ways of classifying technical threats and thus their taxonomy were specified. The cause-and-effect analysis was applied for the proper identification of technical hazards. Moreover, the main reasons for the emergence of technical hazards, their course and characteristics, as well as the effects by category of property, the environment and human life were identified.
Fault analysis of the combustion engine used in public transport vehicles
Authors: Drozdziel Pawel , Rybicka Iwona , Tarkowski Slawomir
Published: October 2018

The goal of this article is the fault analysis of combustion engines on the basis of the assessment of dependent variables: initial mileage, annual mileage and the annual number of orders made in the service and repair system compared with the independent factor, i.e. bus make. In the research four vehicle makes were tested: Jelcz M121, Mercedes-Benz Citaro, Solaris Urbino 12 and Autosan Sancity 12LF. The research encompassed the number of faults of a vehicle and its systems, the initial and annual mileage. It was conducted on the basis of 2015 data broken into particular months.
Requirements engineering as the foundation for the success of substantial shipbuilding projects
Authors: Ficon Krzysztof
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the general principles of requirements engineering with particular attention for the requirements specification presented on the example of an ambitious national program for the fleet expansion of the Polish Navy. The introduction outlines the origins of requirements engineering and its strong relationships with software engineering. It appears that most large IT projects usually struggle to meet the precisely formulated criteria of requirements engineering, which results in the tremendous waste of project resources. Next the concept of requirements and good practices in the preparation of requirements specifications is formulated. Later the example of the 15-year history of the Polish Gawron-class corvette, Project 621, is used to illustrate how systematic violations of the cardinal principles of requirements engineering and disregard for regulations can lead to major losses and consequently to suspending the whole project. An emergency solution was planned to conduct the thorough modification of the project so as to complete this very costly investment (about PLN 1 billion) and construct a much weaker patrol vessel – Ślązak, Project 621/M.
The main research thesis can be limited to the statement that amateur and improvised requirements specification in the case of a large shipbuilding project, which was mainly based on socio-political needs, leads directly to the collapse of the project and significant material losses accompanied by the painful embarrassment of state bodies on an international scale.
Application of thermal analysis and calorimetry for assessment of safety and quality of nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Poplawski Dariusz , Kaniewski Maciej , Hoffmann Jozef , Hoffmann Krystyna
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of studies carried out using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conjugated with thermogravimetry (TG). Measurements were made for samples with differentiated compositions, mainly consisting of ammonium nitrate with fertilizer purity and compounds that may be present in nitrogen fertilizers as potential additives or contaminants. The possibilities of applied techniques and recommendations concerning proper selection of measurement conditions are described. Furthermore, the method of interpretation of the obtained results is presented, which allows evaluating the thermal stability of the tested mixtures for the safety and quality of nitrogen fertilizers.
Hazards in the production process, characteristics and methods of risk elimination
Authors: Kulinska Ewa , Dendera-Gruszka Malgorzata
Published: October 2018

This article presents the main hazards in the production process on the basis of selected enterprises. Those hazards are mainly related to the safety of workers. The second element of the analysis is the way of elimination of risk factors. The method of risk elimination in each enterprise has been shown, with particular emphasis on the most effective ways of removing threats. The comparative analysis was applied for research purposes.
Historický vývoj ústavního soudnictví a přístupu jednotlivce k ústavnímu soudu
Authors: Benák Jaroslav
Published: October 2018

Text se zabývá historickým vývojem ústavního soudnictví na území ČR. V první části autor shrnuje vývoj myšlenky soudní kontroly ústavnosti právních předpisů a formuluje materiální předpoklady pro vytvoření ústavního soudu. Nad rámec požadavků formulovaných v dosavadní literatuře (psaná ústava, dělba moci, hierarchizace právního řádu) přidává autor ještě koncept suverenity lidu. Bez něj totiž nemůže fungovat filosofická obhajoba soudní kontroly ústavnosti jako ochrana zmocnitele (lidu) před excesy zmocněnce (parlamentu).Ve druhé části pak autor sleduje vývoj ústavního soudnictví v českém kontextu. Začíná u Říšského soudu zřízeného Prosincovou ústavou, který je některými autory pokládán za přímého předchůdce koncentrovaného a specializovaného ústavního soudu. Následně se zabývá obdobím první republiky označovaným Tomášem Langáškem jako promarněné světové prvenství. Analyzuje mimo jiné, proč činnost tohoto soudu výrazněji neovlivnila dobové dění a pravděpodobně byla i jedním z motivů, proč ústavní soudnictví nebylo po druhé světové válce obnoveno. Po intermezzu, kdy ústavní soudnictví buď neexistovalo, nebo sice bylo formálně zakotveno v právních předpisech, ale soud fakticky ustaven nebyl, sleduje autor vznik Ústavního soudu ČSFR a později též současného zákona č. 182/1993 Sb., o Ústavním soudu.
Karikatura v judikatuře Ústavního soudu: ochrana důstojnosti versus svoboda projevu
Authors: Broz Jan
Published: October 2018

Politická karikatura přestavuje vysoce specifickou formu realizace svobody projevu, jejíž adekvátní reflexe si vyžaduje specifické předporozumění adresáta ohledně smyslu a cíle karikatury. V tomto ohledu lze karikaturu považovat za kulturně podmíněný institut. Její použití proto v současnosti stále více naráží na limity dané jednak kulturní diverzifikací společnosti, jednak vzrůstající limitací svobody projevu prostřednictvím zdůraznění významu protichůdných práv, zejména pak práva na lidskou důstojnost. Tento článek analyzuje přítomnost druhého z uvedených limitů v judikatuře Ústavního soudu za pomoci komparace této judikatury s judikaturou německého Spolkového ústavního soudu a Nejvyššího soudu USA. Ačkoliv lze judikaturu obou zahraničních soudů považovat za diametrálně odlišnou, v obou případech je tato výrazem hlubších normativních představ o podstatě lidské důstojnosti veřejně činných osob v rámci politického diskursu. Českou judikaturu lze oproti tomu považovat za nekonzistentní, směřující od jedné extrémní interpretace ke druhé. Takovýto přístup je obecně kritizovatelný s ohledem na porušení principu konzistentnosti a předvídatelnosti v rozhodování soudu. V případě politické karikatury je však tato rozporuplnost umocněna o skutečnost, že soudy svou rozhodovací činností ovlivňují rozsah a podobu politické diskuse, a to zpravidla způsobem, jež je v neprospěch těch, jež se snaží umocnit sílu svého jinak málo výrazného hlasu ve veřejném diskursu prostřednictvím expresivního prvku – karikatury. Tímto omezením přitom dochází ke zpochybnění základního předpokladu demokracie, totiž komunikační racionality občanů.
Zásada přiměřenosti a zásada iniciativy při realizaci bezprostředních zásahů uskutečňovaných ze strany Policie České republiky z hlediska teorie a praxe
Authors: Všetička Pavel
Published: October 2018

V případě bezprostředních zásahů se jedná o nejcitelnější prostředky veřejně-mocenského donucení, které jsou v demokratickém právním státě realizovány pouze za účelem ochrany těch nejvýznamnějších zákonem chráněných zájmů, jakými jsou život, zdraví, majetek či osobní svoboda jednotlivce. V předkládaném příspěvku se zabývám izolovaně a posléze i ve vzájemných souvislostech zásadou přiměřenosti a zásadou iniciativy při realizaci bezprostředních zásahů uskutečňovaných ze strany Policie České republiky. V prvních dvou kapitolách jsem se zaměřil na řešení některých teoretických otázek spojených s jednotlivými zásadami. Ve třetí kapitole se věnuji analýze vybraných případů z aplikační praxe, na nichž se pokouším demonstrovat úskalí při hledání kompromisu mezi uplatněním zásady přiměřenosti a zásady iniciativy v rámci reálného fungování Policie České republiky.
Editor’s Corner
Authors: Sare Laura
Published: October 2018

Howdy everyone! My name is Laura Sare and I am the Government Information Librarian at Texas A&M University and your new DttP editor. I am looking forward to working with everyone to provide great articles about government information.A little background about me, I have been working in the government information field for nineteen years now. I fell in love with government documents while working on my History thesis, which is when I discovered the State Department’s Foreign Relations of the United States—this is still my favorite federal publication.
Documents without Borders: Dear International Organizations: Please Don’t Delete Your Data
Authors: Church Jim
Published: October 2018

In the US government-information community, domestic issues dominate the conversation, as they arguably should. Yet at times I feel discouraged at how little traction international issues receive—the situation is just as serious, if not more so, than with the US Federal Depository Library Program. International organizations, including the United Nations, have been effectively ending depository programs and paywalling their publications, in spite of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 16, Target 10, to provide “access to information.”1 International government data is likewise under duress. While the proliferation of online international data has resulted in tremendous research gains, unless the data is deposited in trusted repositories and subjected to best practices, international organizations may alter or delete the data for a multitude of reasons. This is in fact what has happened.
LES EFFETS D’UN PROGRAMME DE FORMATION PARENTALE FRANCOPHONE SUR LES COMPORTEMENTS-DÉFIS D’ENFANTS AUTISTES
Authors: Rousseau Myriam , McKinnon Suzie , Ilg Jennifer , Bourassa Jacinthe , Paquet Annie , Lagard Vincent , Clément Céline
Published: October 2018

Les comportements-défis présents chez certains enfants
ayant un diagnostic du trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA)
engendrent des difficultés et se répercutent sur leur
famille. Un des moyens pouvant soutenir ces familles est la formation
parentale. Cette étude vise à évaluer les effets
d’une formation parentale francophone offerte à 49 parents
d’enfants ayant un TSA québécois et
français. Au terme de la formation, une réduction des
comportements-défis est observée cliniquement.
Parallèlement à cette réduction, les comportements
de communication et de socialisation s’améliorent. Les
résultats montrent qu’il est possible d’implanter le
programme avec des résultats équivalents dans des
contextes d’intervention distincts.
LE JEU POST-TRAUMATIQUE : CONSTRUIT THÉORIQUE DANS L’ÉVALUATION DU TRAUMATISME PSYCHOLOGIQUE CHEZ LES JEUNES ENFANTS
Authors: Nérette Paméla-Andrée , Jourdan-Ionescu Colette , Milot Tristan
Published: October 2018

Cet article a pour objet la mise en lumière d’un cadre conceptuel encore trop méconnu pour aider le clinicien à repérer les jeunes enfants victimes de traumatismes psychologiques: le jeu post-traumatique. D’autres cadres théoriques (p. ex., le trauma complexe, un État de stress post-traumatique) peuvent permettre par observation indirecte, d’identifier les perturbations comportementales et développementales des enfants victimes de traumatisme. Mais, c’est l’observation directe, soit l’expression du trauma dans le jeu, qui permet de comprendre l’expérience subjective du jeune enfant victime d’évènements et situations traumatiques. Il a, en effet, été démontré que les enfants traumatisés jouent différemment de leurs pairs non traumatisés. Le jeu post-traumatique est le langage codé de l’enfant, une manière adaptée à son stade développemental de communiquer et possiblement de demander de l’assistance. Cet article propose de documenter ces signes cliniques répertoriés dans les écrits scientifiques.
ANALYSE DU CONCEPT DE « CLIENTÈLE MULTIPROBLÉMATIQUE » DANS LE RSSS
Authors: Ndengeyingoma Assumpta , Moreau Isabelle , Sauvé Karine
Published: October 2018

Le concept « clientèle multiproblématique » est fréquemment utilisé, tant dans le secteur des services de santé physique, le secteur des services sociaux que le secteur de l’administration publique. Mais ce concept a-t-il la même signification pour l’ensemble de ces secteurs? Les résultats d’une recension des écrits montrent deux points de convergences qui ressortent des trois secteurs analysés, soit les multiples problèmes présentent chez la clientèle et les difficultés organisationnelles. Cette constatation justifie l’importance d’examiner la diversité et la complexité des besoins de cette clientèle en adoptant une vision (éco) systémique.
LA SYNERGOLOGIE RÉVISÉE PAR LES PAIRS. ANALYSE D’UNE PUBLICATION
Authors: Rochat Nicolas , Delmas Hugues , Denault Vincent , Elissalde Benjamin , Demarchi Samuel
Published: October 2018

Les partisans de la synergologie la considèrent comme une discipline scientifique. Mais l’unique publication révisée par les pairs (Turchet, 2013) comporte des lacunes (utilisation inadaptée de la littérature scientifique pour justifier les arguments, biais méthodologiques). Par ailleurs, des astuces rhétoriques sont utilisées afin de présenter certains résultats comme validant les hypothèses. Ainsi, la synergologie n’a que l’apparence d’une discipline scientifique et l’absence de théories et validations fiables la classe inévitablement comme une pseudo-science. Cette analyse est discutée en termes d’utilisation de pseudo-sciences dans le système judiciaire et de leur impact lors de procès. Des recommandations sont formulées pour que les professionnels puissent les identifier.
Amitiés et communautés d’opinion. Le réseau de Jules-Paul Tardivel au service de La Vérité
Authors: Marquis Dominique
Published: October 2018

Cet article jette un premier regard sur le réseau ultramontain de Jules-Paul Tardivel à deux moments de l’histoire professionnelle du journaliste : les années 1884-1886 et 1889-1891. Cette exploration a été menée à partir d’une analyse des correspondances entre Tardivel et ses collègues, ainsi qu’une analyse de son journal personnel. Elle montre une évolution dans la constitution du réseau ultramontain du dernier quart du XIXe siècle. L’analyse permet aussi de mesurer l’influence et le soutien du réseau dans la construction de La Vérité, journal de combat ultramontain dirigé par Tardivel.