bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposure of cinnamyl alcohol in co‐culture of BEAS‐2B and dendritic cells: Interaction between CYP450 and cytokines
Authors: Yoshizaki Kelly , Frias Daniela Perroni , Maier Kevin , Smelan Juliana , Correia Aristides Tadeu , Oliveira Luanda Mara da Silva , Amato‐Lourenço Luís Fernando , Santillo Bruna Tereso , Prado Carla Máximo , Oshiro Telma Miyuki , Barbuto Jose Alexandre M. , Mauad Thais , Macchione Mariangela
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of fragrances in various hygiene products contributes to their sensorial allure. However, fragrances can induce sensitization in the skin or respiratory system, and the mechanisms involved in this process are incompletely understood. This study investigated the intricate mechanisms underlying the fragrance's effects on sensitization response, focusing on the interplay between CYP450 enzymes, a class of drug‐metabolizing enzymes, and the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we assessed the expression of CYP450 enzymes and cytokine profiles in culture of BEAS‐2B and mature dendritic cells (mDC) alone or in co‐culture stimulated with 2 mM of a common fragrance, cinnamyl alcohol (CA) for 20 h. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, and CYP2A13 were analyzed by RT‐PCR and IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐18, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Through RT–PCR analysis, we observed that CA increased CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 expression in BEAS‐2B, with a further increased in BEAS‐2B‐mDC co‐culture. Additionally, exposure to CA increased IL‐12p70 levels in mDC rather than in BEAS‐2B‐mDC co‐culture. In regards to IL‐18, level was higher in BEAS‐2B than in BEAS‐2B‐mDC co‐culture. A positive correlation between the levels of IL‐10 and CYP1B1 was found in mDC‐CA‐exposed and between IL‐12p70 and CYP1A1 was found in BEAS‐2B after CA exposure. However, IL‐12p70 and CYP1A2 as well as IL‐18, IL‐33, and CYP1A1 levels were negative, correlated mainly in co‐culture control. These correlations highlight potential immunomodulatory interactions and complex regulatory relationships. Overall, exposure to CA enhances CYP450 expression, suggesting that CA can influence immune responses by degrading ligands on xenosensitive transcription factors.
Beyond life: Exploring hemodynamic patterns in postmortem mice brains
Authors: Sdobnov Anton , Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Piavchenko Gennadi , Bykov Alexander , Meglinski Igor
Published: May 2024

We utilize Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) for visualizing cerebral blood flow in mice during and post‐cardiac arrest. Analyzing LSCI images, we noted temporal blood flow variations across the brain surface for hours postmortem. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis depicted blood flow and microcirculation decay post‐death. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) identified potential cerebral hemodynamic synchronization patterns. Additionally, non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) with four components segmented LSCI images, revealing structural subcomponent alterations over time. This integrated approach of LSCI, FFT, CWT, and NMF offers a comprehensive tool for studying cerebral blood flow dynamics, metaphorically capturing the ‘end of the tunnel’ experience. Results showed primary postmortem hemodynamic activity in the olfactory bulbs, followed by blood microflow relocations between somatosensory and visual cortical regions via the superior sagittal sinus. This method opens new avenues for exploring these phenomena, potentially linking neuroscientific insights with mysteries surrounding consciousness and perception at life's end.
Lead independent director reputation incentives and audit fees
Authors: Bryan David B. , Mason Terry W.
Published: May 2024

Although prior research has recently begun to examine the effects of independent director reputation incentives and the benefits of having a lead independent director, no study has considered the combined impact: the reputation incentives of lead independent directors. This study integrates these emerging streams of research to investigate whether the reputation incentives of lead independent directors affect audit fees. We find that firms with a lead independent director who has relatively low reputation incentives are associated with audit fees that are 4.39% higher than firms with a lead independent director who has neutral reputation incentives, consistent with auditors viewing these firms as riskier. We also find that this association is driven by auditors who are not industry specialists. Our results continue to hold when using an entropy balancing approach and when conducting other robustness tests.
Characterization and correlations of dominant microorganisms and volatile compounds in fermentation process of Yangjiang douchi
Authors: Zhang Jing , Han Zhuoxuan , Chen Haitao , Wang Shuqi , Sun Jie , Zhang Ning , Zhang Huiying
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Yangjiang douchi (YD) is a traditional fermented soybean product, which is popular in Chinese cuisine for its unique flavor. However, due to its high salt content and unstable flavor, its competitiveness in the international market is gradually weakening. Microorganisms have a key role in the production process of YD because it is a fermented food but the effect of microorganisms on the volatile compounds of YD is also not currently clear.

RESULTS

In this paper, aroma compounds and microbial diversity in different fermentation stages of YD were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and IlluminaMiseq system sequencing. A total of 78 aroma‐active compounds were detected throughout the fermentation process and they influenced the formation of flavor in YD. Fungi flora were relatively single in YD, and bacteria were rich and varied. A total of 418 species of bacteria were present during fermentation, with unclassified_Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus_kloosii, and Bacillus_velezensis_Bacillus predominating. There were 25 species of fungi at the species level, and Aspergillus minisclerotigenes (OTU 4) played a dominant role in the whole fermentation process.

CONCLUSION

Staphylococcus and Bacillus in the bacterial genus were strongly correlated with most flavor compounds detected, and A. minisclerotigenes in the fungi were more relevant to flavor compounds. This research provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of the flavor of traditional fermented douchi in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
47.5‐inch 8K inkjet printing AMOLED monitor with local boosting gate driver on array design
Authors: Hsu Minghung , Fan Zhaokang , Wang Huifeng , Yuan Can , Yuan Zhidong , Wei Xiaolong , Liu Jun , Zhao Ce , Cheng Xuelian , Yan Guang , Yan Liangchen , Li Yongqian , Li Sun , Shih Huaiting , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we presented a 47.5 in. 8K2K AMOLED MNT employing a low temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) backplane, top emissive inkjet printing (IJP) OLED devices, and gate driver on array (GOA) supporting independent 32 * 9 zone control and internal compensation driving. By combining printed RGB units with a common evaporative blue stack, we proposed the hybrid tandem IJP devices that improved both device efficiency and operation load balance. In the local boosting GOA design, a novel architecture for independent display partition control was developed. The GOA cascading and timing scheme was carefully considered by reusing several clock signals to support both TFT internal compensation and display zone control. It is so far the first prototype AMOLED MNT integrating inkjet printing process and local high frame rate (up to 960 Hz) driving. Thanks to the 8K2K high resolution, local frame rate data processing, and IJP OLED EL reaching HDR brightness up to 580 nits with superior optical performance, it shows a brand‐new approach to deliver a premium display.
Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Food Applications, and Health Benefits of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.): A Review
Authors: Haji Abdulmajid , Teka Tilahun A. , Yirga Bereka Tizazu , Negasa Andersa Kumsa , Desalegn Nekera Kasahun , Geleta Abdi Gemechu , Lema Abelti Alemu , Makiso Urugo Markos
Published: May 2024

Pigeon pea is one of the most multipurpose grain legumes in the tropical and subtropical world. It is highly resilient to climate change due to drought tolerance. It ranks sixth following common beans, chickpeas, field peas, cowpeas, and lentils globally. Pigeon pea is an excellent source of high‐quality protein, essential amino acids, and minerals. Furthermore, pigeon pea is endowed with valuable water‐soluble vitamins such as thiamin, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and niacin. With low levels of saturated fat and sodium and being cholesterol free, pigeon peas emerge as a nutritious dietary choice. Pigeon peas are rich sources of bioactive compounds with various potential health properties, including anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic effects. Pigeon peas can be consumed in diverse forms, including whole seeds, split seeds (known as dhal), vegetables using green seeds, and fresh pods. Moreover, pigeon peas find application in a variety of food products, including bread, pasta, noodles, snacks, and biscuits. Despite their nutritional and medicinal properties, pigeon peas remain among the least utilized legumes globally. This review paper aims to provide up‐to‐date information on the nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds, food applications, and health benefits of pigeon peas.
Species richness and intraspecific variation interactively shape marine diatom community functioning
Authors: Thomas Patrick K. , Jacob Marrit , Acevedo‐Trejos Esteban , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren
Published: May 2024

Biodiversity generally increases productivity in ecosystems; however, this is mediated by the specific functional traits that come with biodiversity loss or gain and how these traits interact with environmental conditions. Most biodiversity studies evaluate the effects of species richness alone, despite our increasing understanding that intraspecific diversity can have equally strong impacts. Here, we manipulate both species richness and intraspecific richness (i.e., number of distinct strains) in marine diatom communities to explicitly test the relative importance of species and strain richness for biomass and trait diversity in six distinct temperature/nutrient environments. We show that species and strain richness both have significant effects on biomass and growth rates, but more importantly, they interact with each other, indicating that cross‐species diversity effects depend on within‐species diversity and vice versa. This intertwined relationship thus calls for more integrative approaches quantifying the relative importance of distinct biodiversity components and environmental context on ecosystem functioning.
A POLICY ENTREPRENEUR’S EIGHT‐STEP GUIDE TO TURN IDEAS TO IMPACT
Authors: Sheldrick Michael
Published: May 2024

Sheldrick, the co‐founder of Global Citizen, writes about “how to bring about meaningful change in today’s divided world.” He discusses the concept of the policy entrepreneur, which he says is “a term coined by political scientist John Kingdon.” Sheldrick’s eight steps of policy entrepreneurship are, in his words, (1) Know your policy goal (2) Know which stakeholders matter and how to influence them (3) Mastering the art of timing (4) Mastering the art of storytelling (5) Embrace pragmatic idealism (6) Leveraging your partners’ strengths (7) Know your endgame (8) Communicate stories of success. Within step one: “A well‐defined policy goal is a linchpin that turns good intentions, such as halting illegal deforestation or curbing the spread of infectious diseases, into impactful change.” In step two: “To drive effective change, you must go where those in power meet.” In step three: “Effective policy entrepreneurs identify the opportune moment to advocate for their policy goal and proactively explore ways to expand its acceptability.” In step four: “To craft a memorable story, emphasize the “why” to build trust and provide practical solutions—the “how” —for a chaotic world.”
Crossmodal compensation: Sensory discomfort affects consumer preferences across modalities
Authors: Groth Oden H. , Hadi Rhonda , Block Lauren
Published: May 2024

Consumers are frequently exposed to uncomfortable sensory circumstances (e.g., hot weather and noise pollution), yet little research has examined how such discomfort might systematically shape preferences. Drawing from research on crossmodal associations, we propose and empirically support a discomfort‐driven crossmodal compensation effect in which consumers exposed to uncomfortable atmospheric sensations in one modality (e.g., loud noise) compensate through product choices across other modalities (e.g., choosing visually “quiet” products). Across five studies, we document the consequences of this phenomenon on actual (studies 1 and 2) and hypothetical (studies 3, 4, and 5) consumer choices and preferences. Further, we demonstrate that a desire to reduce sensory discomfort drives this crossmodal compensation effect, and the spillover only manifests when individuals are unable to adjust within the initially disturbed modality. Our research contributes to the literature on goal theory and crossmodal associations by demonstrating that discomfort experienced in one modality can systematically affect product preferences in other modalities.
PA28γ induces dendritic cell maturation and activates T‐cell immune responses in oral lichen planus
Authors: Wang Yimei , Zhang Qiyue , Deng Xiaoting , Wang Ying , Tian Xin , Zhang Shiyu , Shen Yingqiang , Zhou Xikun , Zeng Xin , Chen Qianming , Jiang Lu , Li Jing
Published: May 2024

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, the mechanism of its inflammatory progression has not yet been fully elucidated. PA28γ plays a significant role in a variety of immune‐related diseases. However, the exact role of PA28γ in the pathogenesis of OLP remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PA28γ is overexpressed in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells of OLP tissues but has no significant relationship with OLP subtypes. Functionally, keratinocytes with high PA28γ expression could induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation and promote the T‐cell differentiation into Th1 cells in response to the immune response. In addition, we found that a high level of PA28γ expression is associated with high numbers of infiltrating mature DCs and activated T‐cells in OLP tissues. Mechanistically, keratinocytes with high PA28γ expression could promote the secretion of C–C motif chemokine (CCL)5, blocking CCL5 or/and its receptor CD44 could inhibit the induction of T‐cell differentiation by keratinocytes with high PA28γ expression. In conclusion, we reveal that keratinocytes with high expression of PA28γ in OLP can induce DC maturation and promote T‐cell differentiation through the CCL5‐CD44 pathway, providing previously unidentified mechanistic insights into the mechanism of inflammatory progression in OLP.
The Quality in Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: van Munster Marlena , Pedrosa Anna J. , Künkler Carolin , Pedrosa David J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Quality of life (QoL) is known to be impaired in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Not surprisingly, a considerable effort of health interventions is aimed at maintaining or improving QoL. Yet, little is known about its determinants from a PwPD perspective to inform person‐centered health care interventions.

Objectives

This systematic review aims to overcome this information gap by synthesizing existing evidence on factors associated with PwPD’ self‐perceived QoL.

Methods

We searched six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2022 for eligible qualitative studies of QoL in PwPD, supplemented by citation tracking and hand searching. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst tool. In order to characterize the determinants of QoL in PwPD, we conducted a qualitative meta‐synthesis.

Results

Our analysis revealed a wide range of facilitators and barriers to QoL relating to seven overarching themes: Illness experience, health care, everyday life, social life, identity, spirituality/religion, and environment.

Conclusions

Our systematic review reinforces the impact of symptom experience on PwPD's QoL. However, it also highlights the need to consider the non‐physical dimensions of PD when assessing patients’ QoL. It is therefore essential that health care professionals acknowledge the psychological, social and spiritual repercussions of PD and endeavor to respond to these concerns through a comprehensive and patient‐centered strategy. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of these facets of PD and to formulate successful interventions aimed at improving the QoL of PwPD.
Breast reconstruction using a superficial inferior epigastric artery flap with pedicle elongation via an arteriovenous loop: A case report
Authors: Otsuka Wataru , Karakawa Ryo , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Yano Tomoyuki
Published: May 2024

Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap is often chosen to minimize postoperative complications such as abdominal pain and bulging. However, drawbacks, including a small diameter and a short pedicle, pose challenges in anastomosing or creating the lower pole of the breast. Here, we report a case of breast reconstruction using an SIEA flap with pedicle elongation via an arteriovenous loop (AV‐loop) using a contralateral superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) graft. A 49‐year‐old woman underwent a left total mastectomy with the primary insertion of a tissue expander. Breast reconstruction using an SIEA flap with pedicle elongation was planned. The running pattern, pedicle length, and diameter of bilateral SIEA/SIEV and superficial circumflex iliac artery and vein (SCIA/SCIV) were evaluated preoperatively using a 48‐MHz probe of ultra‐high‐frequency ultrasonography (Vevo MD ultrasound device, Fujifilm Visual Sonics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). During the flap harvesting, the contralateral SIEV graft was harvested to create an AV‐loop for pedicle elongation. The 9 cm graft was anastomosed to the left internal mammary artery and vein (IMA/IMV). After the flap elevation, the created AV‐loop was divided at the midpoint and anastomosed to the pedicle of the SIEA flap. The SIEA flap, extended with a SIEV AV‐loop, facilitated the augmentation of the lower pole of the breast without the risk of pedicle kinking and pulling. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 7. The prolonged pedicle length via an AV‐loop prevents the pedicle kinking and allows for positioning the flap more freely, resulting in an aesthetically good breast contour by filling in the lower pole. The precise preoperative evaluation of the vessels using ultra‐high‐frequency ultrasonography facilitated meticulous planning. In cases where surgeons aim to minimize intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with other abdominal free flaps, this method may be considered a viable and promising option.
Asymptotic analysis of the nonsteady micropolar fluid flow through a system of thin pipes
Authors: Pažanin Igor , Radulović Marko , Rukavina Borja
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we analyze the time‐dependent flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid in a multiple‐pipe system. Motivated by the applications, we assume that the pipes have circular cross‐section and that the ratio between pipes' thickness and its length is small, denoted by the parameter
. Far from the junction, the fluid exhibits different behavior depending on the magnitude of the viscosity coefficients with respect to the small parameter
. Focusing on the critical case described by the strong coupling between velocity and microrotation, the complete asymptotic expansion of the solution (up to an arbitrary order) is built. To improve the accuracy of the asymptotic approximation, we introduce the boundary layer correctors near the pipes' ends and take into account the interior layer correction in the vicinity of the junction as well. The convergence is also proved via error estimates, providing the rigorous justification of the proposed effective model.
Oral and topical analgesia in pediatric electrodiagnostic studies
Authors: Aziz Bisma , Hameed Sajid , Hakeem Haris , Rehman Fazal ur , Malik Marib Ghulam Rasool , Sattar Saadia , Baig Pinin , Zuberi Safoora Ibraheem , Khan Sara
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Aims

Electrodiagnostic examinations, such as nerve conduction studies (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG), are perceived as painful by children and their parents/guardians. Methods to reduce peri‐procedural pain improve compliance and have neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric benefits. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combined oral and topical analgesics (COTA), oral analgesics (OA), and placebo in reducing pain during NCS/EMG in children.

Methods

We performed a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial on children presenting to our neurophysiology lab. Patients were stratified into two age groups (6M–6Y and 7Y–18Y) and randomized into three arms: COTA, OA, and placebo. Pain scores post‐NCS/EMG were assessed using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) and Faces Pain Scale‐Revised (FPS‐R).

Results

One hundred thirteen participants were enrolled. A comparison of participants from both age groups combined revealed no significant differences in guardian FPS‐R scores across all arms for NCS and EMG. A significant difference in the distribution of post‐NCS FPS‐R score severities in children aged 7Y–18Y was noted between OA and placebo (p = .007). EMG was more painful than NCS across all arms (p < .05). In children aged 6M–6Y undergoing at least 10 muscle samplings during EMG, those receiving COTA had significantly lower pain scores (p = .014).

Discussion

This study reveals the complexity of pediatric pain perception during NCS/EMG and highlights that other methods to reduce experienced pain are required. Our findings suggest that procedural characteristics, such as number of muscles sampled, may influence the effectiveness of analgesia and serve as a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing pain management strategies.
Applications of ChatGPT in Otolaryngology–Head Neck Surgery: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , Rameau Anais
Published: May 2024

Objective

To review the current literature on the application, accuracy, and performance of Chatbot Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.

Data Sources

PubMED, Cochrane Library, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature on the applications of ChatGPT in otolaryngology was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement.

Conclusions

ChatGPT provides imperfect patient information or general knowledge related to diseases found in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. In clinical practice, despite suboptimal performance, studies reported that the model is more accurate in providing diagnoses, than in suggesting the most adequate additional examinations and treatments related to clinical vignettes or real clinical cases. ChatGPT has been used as an adjunct tool to improve scientific reports (referencing, spelling correction), to elaborate study protocols, or to take student or resident exams reporting several levels of accuracy. The stability of ChatGPT responses throughout repeated questions appeared high but many studies reported some hallucination events, particularly in providing scientific references.

Implications for Practice

To date, most applications of ChatGPT are limited in generating disease or treatment information, and in the improvement of the management of clinical cases. The lack of comparison of ChatGPT performance with other large language models is the main limitation of the current research. Its ability to analyze clinical images has not yet been investigated in otolaryngology although upper airway tract or ear images are an important step in the diagnosis of most common ear, nose, and throat conditions. This review may help otolaryngologists to conceive new applications in further research.
The Australian New Zealand Consortium in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Oncofertility action plan
Authors: Lau Lei Shong , Allingham Catherine , Anazodo Antoinette , Sullivan Michael , Peate Michelle , Hunter Sarah , Stern Catharyn , Ryan Anne Louise , Super Leanne , Orme Lisa M. , McCarthy Maria , Gook Debra , Lewin Jeremy , Marino Jennifer , Ryan Jessica , Downie Peter , Manudhane Rebecca , Winstanley Mark , Pettit Tristan , Lantsberg Daniel , Irving Helen , Reid Sally , Heath John A. , Kabalan‐Baeza Paola , Wanaguru Dylan , Moore Lyndal , Gillam Lynn , Zacharin Margaret , Assis Michael , Rozen Genia , Hunter Tamara , Julania Shital , Sharwood Erin , Ameratunga Devini , Jayasinghe Yasmin ,   for The ANZCO Clinical Trial Network
Published: May 2024

International and national oncofertility networks, including the US‐led Oncofertility Consortium, FertiProtekt, and the Danish Network, have played pivotal roles in advancing the discipline of oncofertility over the last decade. Many other countries lack a shared approach to pediatric oncofertility health service delivery. This study aims to describe baseline oncofertility practices at Australian New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group centers in 2019–2021, describe binational priorities for care, and propose a 5‐year action plan for best practice to be implemented by the newly formed Australian New Zealand Consortium in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (CAYA) Oncofertility (ANZCO).
Thermoplastic polyimide with good comprehensive performance based on carbazole groups and short flexible linkages
Authors: Du Qi‐Yuan , Chen Wei‐Peng , Guo Hao , Wang Zhi , Zhao Li , Zhu Yongxiang , Tan Wan‐Yi , Min Yonggang , Liu Yidong
Published: May 2024

Thermoplastic polyimides (TPIs) can meet the requirements of advanced electronic packaging such as flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) applied under extreme conditions, attributed to their excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, electrical insulation and chemical resistance. With the increasing demands for electronic devices, such as applications in high‐frequency communication, it is highly desirable to develop high‐performance TPI with good thermoplasticity, thermal stability, mechanical properties and dielectric properties. However, there is a trade‐off between thermoplasticity and other properties. Herein, we introduce an effective strategy to afford TPIs with good performance by copolymerization of a diamine monomer consisted of a coplanar aromatic carbazole group and a short flexible linkage methylene group. On the one hand, short flexible linkages help improve the flexibility of polymer chains and are not too much to enable small‐scale molecular motions below Tg. On the other hand, coplanar aromatic donor groups benefit to strong charge transfer complex (CTC) interaction and π‐π stacking interaction. Based on this strategy, the resultant TPI possesses good thermoplasticity with a proper Tg of 348 °C. Meanwhile, it preserves a low coefficient thermal expansion of 48 ppm K−1, low dielectric constant/dielectric loss factor of 3.27/0.0073 at 10 GHz, and tensile strength of ca. 78 MPa.
Herbicide safener isoxadifen‐ethyl associated with increased Goss's wilt severity in corn (Zea mays)
Authors: Haugrud Nathan H , Friskop Andrew , Ikley Joseph T
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight (Goss's wilt), caused by the bacterium Clavibacter nebraskensis, is a corn disease that has been a top ten yield‐reducing disease in North America in the past 15 years. Isoxadifen‐ethyl is an herbicide safener that effectively increases cytochrome P450 activity in corn which enhances a plant's metabolism of herbicide molecules. Recent research found a potential link between isoxadifen‐ethyl and increased Goss's wilt severity.

RESULTS

The application of isoxadifen‐ethyl increased (P = 0.014–0.046) area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 19%, 7%, and 9% at three environments, independent of accompanying herbicide or herbicide application timing. However, no significant differences in incidence of systemic wilt or corn grain yield occurred among treatments at any environment.

CONCLUSION

These data provide evidence for an association between isoxadifen‐ethyl safener and Goss's wilt in corn. The reason for this association is unknown, but the safener may affect plant or pathogen physiological mechanisms. While the increased disease severity did not result in decreased grain yield in these experiments, an increase in pathogen inoculum due to higher disease severity could influence Goss' wilt epidemics in future years. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Saponin monomers: Potential candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications
Authors: Zhang Lvzhuo , He Shifeng , Liu Lian , Huang Jiangrong
Published: May 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disease with persistent hyperglycemia primarily caused by insulin resistance (IR), has become one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century, with considerable economic and societal implications worldwide. Considering the inevitable side effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs, natural ingredients exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy and can serve as safer and more cost‐effective alternatives for the management of T2DM. Saponins are a structurally diverse class of amphiphilic compounds widely distributed in many popular herbal medicinal plants, some animals, and marine organisms. There are many saponin monomers, such as ginsenoside compound K, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, astragaloside IV, glycyrrhizin, and diosgenin, showing great efficacy in the treatment of T2DM and its complications in vivo and in vitro. However, although the mechanisms of action of saponin monomers at the animal and cell levels have been gradually elucidated, there is a lack of clinical data, which hinders the development of saponin‐based antidiabetic drugs. Herein, the main factors/pathways associated with T2DM and the comprehensive underlying mechanisms and potential applications of these saponin monomers in the management of T2DM and its complications are reviewed and discussed, aiming to provide fundamental data for future high‐quality clinical studies and trials.
Effective management of lung spindle cell carcinoma with ipilimumab, nivolumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel, demonstrating efficacy in brain metastases treatment
Authors: Noguchi Susumu , Okamoto Atsushi , Nohara Jun , Ishitoko Manabu , Watanabe Toshiki , Nakamura Takaya
Published: May 2024

A 76‐year‐old woman with cT1bN2M1b stage IVA spindle cell carcinoma of the right lower lobe of the lung, no driver gene mutation, and programmed death ligand 1 < 1%, was started on ipilimumab+nivolumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel. After two courses, the patient initiated maintenance therapy with ipilimumab+nivolumab. New multiple brain metastases were observed during treatment but resolved with continued treatment. We report a unique case of spindle cell carcinoma treated with ipilimumab+nivolumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel that resulted in long‐term response and resolution of new brain metastasis.
Study on Catalytic Activity of Synthetic Cobalt, Nickel and Copper Complexes due to Preferred Structures Determined by X‐Ray Crystallography for Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization
Authors: Zheng Chengyu , Ma Xueqiong , Su Biyun , Sun Huizhu , Ding Liqin
Published: May 2024

We have designed and synthesized two novel pyridyl‐quinoxaline ligands, L1 and L2, as well as twelve cobalt, nickel, and copper complexes, 1–6 and 1 a–6 a. Unexpectedly, high regularities in the synthesis of both ligands and complexes were found. Further X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the two ligands had similar geometrical configurations, and the structures of twelve complexes were regularly divided into two categories: binuclear and mononuclear, which would be beneficial for elucidating structure‐activity relationships of metal catalysts. In addition, the experimental results showed significant variations in the catalytic performance of methyl methacrylate polymerization with different catalysts. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the mononuclear copper complex 3 a displayed a remarkably high catalytic activity of 2.76×105 g ⋅ mol−1 h−1, generating Poly(methyl methacrylate) with molecular weight of Mn=8.55×105 g ⋅ mol−1 and molecular weight distribution of Đ=1.67.This outcome suggested that copper had the potential to serve as a promising catalytic metal center.
Advanced Pyrene Copolymer/rGO Hydrogels for Efficient Congo Red Removal from Aqueous Systems
Authors: Ahmed Soleen S. , Alwattar Aula A. , Ismael Shireen O. , Zaki Elsayed , Hussein Modather , Casson Alexander J. , Quayle Peter , Haddad Athir M.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the use of hydrogel semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi IPN) as efficient adsorbents for removing the dye congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. Specifically, three hydrogel semi IPN, namely AH0–AH2, were synthesized through redox polymerization of acrylamide, polyethylenimine, polyhydroxylethylmethacrylate and (pyren‐1‐yl)methyl methacrylate/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane‐1‐sulfonic acid copolymer (pyrene−AMPS) using a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐N,N’‐methylene‐bis(acrylamide) (MBA)‐based crosslinker (GABC). Results indicated that these hydrogels were efficient in removing CR at pH 6.73, with the adsorption behaviour conforming to the Langmuir isotherm. This suggests a monolayer adsorption pattern, indicating a chemical nature. Thermodynamic analysis supports the practical feasibility of this process. The negative Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG̊) indicates that adsorption is spontaneous and favorable. Conversely, the positive standard entropy of adsorption (ΔS̊) suggests an increase in molecular randomness during the process. Additionally, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH̊) suggests an endothermic activation energy for the binding process. Response Surface Methodology (RSM), utilizing four variables was employed to optimize the removal of CR. The model demonstrated high R2‐values and strong agreement between experimental and projected results, affirming its reliability. AH1 and AH2 showed significant efficacy in removing CR dye from aqueous solutions, underscoring their potential application in wastewater remediation.
Amyloid Nanofibril‐Assisted Spray Drying of Crumpled Supraparticles
Authors: Kämäräinen Tero , Nakayama Yuzuki , Uchiyama Hiromasa , Tozuka Yuichi , Kadota Kazunori
Published: May 2024

Nanofibrils are known to improve the cohesion of supraparticle (SP) assemblies. However, tailoring the morphology of SPs using nanofibrillar additives is not well developed. Herein, β‐lactoglobulin amyloid nanofibrils (ANFs) are investigated as means to impart morphological control over the assembly process of spray‐dried SPs composed of 10–100 nm silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). Phytoglycogen (PG) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) are used to assess the influence of building block softness and aspect ratio, respectively. The results demonstrate that ANFs promote the onset of structural arrest during the particle consolidation enabling the preparation of corrugated SP morphologies. The critical ANF loading required to induce SP corrugation increases by roughly 1 vol% for every 10‐nm increase in SiNP diameter, while the ensuing ANF network density decreases with SiNP volume fraction and increases with SiNP diameter. Results imply that ANF length starts to become influential when it approaches the SiNP diameter. ANFs display a reduced effectiveness in altering soft PG SP morphology compared with hard SiNPs of comparable size. In SiNP–AgNW SPs, ANFs induce a toroid‐to‐corrugated morphology transformation for sufficiently large SPs and small SiNPs. The results illustrate that ANFs are effective additives for the morphological engineering of spray‐dried SPs important for numerous applications.
A Multi‐Interface Structure of Graphdiyne/Cobalt Oxides for Chlorine Production
Authors: Liu Huimin , Qi Lu , Chen Zhaoyang , Zhao Shuya , Luan Xiaoyu , Yan Jiayu , Zheng Zhiqiang , Bu Fanle , Xue Yurui , Li Yuliang
Published: May 2024

A challenge facing the chlor‐alkali process is the lack of electrocatalyst with high activity and selectivity for the efficient industrial production of chlorine. Herein the authors report a new electrocatalyst that can generate multi‐interface structure by in situ growth of graphdiyne on the surface of cobalt oxides (GDY/Co3O4), which shows great potential in highly selective and efficient chlorine production. This result is due to the strong electron transfer and high density charge transport between GDY and Co3O4 and the interconversion of the mixed valence states of the Co atoms itself. These intrinsic characteristics efficiently enhance the conductivity of the catalyst, facilitate the reaction kinetics, and improve the overall catalytic selectivity and activity. Besides, the protective effect of the formed GDY layer is remarkable endowing the catalyst with excellent stability. The catalyst can selectively produce chlorine in low‐concentration of NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature and pressure with the highest Faraday efficiency of 80.67% and an active chlorine yield rate of 184.40 mg h−1 cm−2, as well as superior long‐term stability.
Long‐Lasting Hydrogen Evolution and Efficient Dew Harvest Realized via Electrospinning Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane on Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Yu Jie , Chen Mengmeng , Hu Neng , Wang Weijia , Lei Lin , Fan Huiqing , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Zhong Qi
Published: May 2024

Long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest is realized via electrospinning a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane on hybrid hydrogels embedded with photocatalytic g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets. Due to the hindrance of water evaporation by the hydrophobic PVDF membrane, the drying process of the hybrid hydrogels significantly slows down. Hence, the g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets can continue working on photocatalytic splitting of the water molecules in the hydrogels. When the thickness of the PVDF membrane is 48 μm, the hydrogen evolution rate can reach 2,543 μmol h−1 g−1, which is 38% more than that of the hybrid hydrogel without covering. Therefore, the hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are able to work with high efficiency for 12 h, sufficient for hydrogen evolution during the daytime. In addition, the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and hydrophilic hydrogels construct a Janus structure and induce a fast transport of water molecules from the hydrophobic to hydrophilic side. It is beneficial for the rapid collection of dew in the morning. Based on the long‐lasting hydrogen evolution and efficient dew harvest, the present hybrid hydrogels covered with PVDF membrane are very suitable for the environment rich in solar resource and lack of water supply, such as desert or prairie.
Short message encryption technology of Beidou communication based on SM9
Authors: Jin Shi , Wang Yichun , Guo Zhaofeng , Yang Li , Su Xiaosan
Published: May 2024

To reduce the security authentication time cost, forwarding delay, and enhance message security of Beidou communication short messages, this paper proposes a Beidou communication short message encryption technology based on SM9 (Mobile Code Secure Communication). This technology uses split hierarchical clustering algorithm to cluster the short message data of Beidou Communication, in order to unify the processing of similar short message data and improve the encryption efficiency of subsequent short messages. Based on the data clustering results, this paper constructs a short message forwarding verification model using the SM9 identification password algorithm, and provides the message content of the communication application protocol and the communication receiving information protocol to achieve low‐cost and efficient forwarding verification. In addition, this article improves the initial value selection of Logistic chaotic mapping by coupling the tent map with coupled mapping lattice (CML) in the spatiotemporal chaos model to generate a chaotic initial value sequence, thereby expanding the key space, enhancing the ability to resist exhaustive attacks, enhancing the randomness of the generated key parameters, and optimizing the encryption effect of short messages. The experimental results show that the short message security authentication time of the technology proposed in this article is basically controlled within 25 ms, and the minimum forwarding delay is only 23.9 ms, which can effectively resist attacks and improve the security of Beidou communication.
Poisson Effect‐Assisted Replication Lithography for Rapid Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Microstructures
Authors: Kim Minsu , Kyeong Dokyung , Kwak Moon Kyu
Published: May 2024

Demands for micro‐ and nano‐fabrication techniques have been increasing over recent decades due to their foundational importance in fields such as electronics, sensors, displays, biotechnologies, and energy technologies. Still, the rapid and efficient fabrication of complex 3D microstructures has long been a challenge due to the inherent limitations of conventional imprint lithography and the slow fabrication speed of maskless lithography systems using femtosecond lasers. This study introduces a novel lithographic replication method for the rapid replication of intricate 3D microstructures with closed‐loops by leveraging the Poisson effect‐driven lateral deformation of soft molds. Specifically, the suggested technique employs an elastomeric soft mold, engraved with negative cavity parts of the target structure separated by intentional gaps. Lateral deformation of the material allows the separated cavities to assemble for replication of target microstructure and defectless release from the soft mold. In addition to the experimental demonstrations of the proposed method using well‐known materials like polydimethysliloxane (PDMS) for the soft mold and UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) for replication, essential considerations such as material selection and master mold design are discussed. The presented method not only broadens the capabilities of imprint lithographic techniques but also holds promise for the large scale, continuous fabrication of complex 3D microstructures.
Metal Sulfide‐Based Nanoarchitectures for Energetic and Environmental Applications
Authors: Liu Sili , Li Yuanli , Zhong Xiaoyan , Yang Ke , Li Xinhua , Jin Wanchuan , Liu Haifeng , Xie Ruishi
Published: May 2024

Despite their numerous excellent properties, metal sulfides are not particularly efficient at converting energy and purifying the environment, which limits their further applications. Fortunately, the energy conversion and environmental purification efficiencies of these materials have experienced notable advancements in recent years, accompanied by an improved understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Herein, progress in experimental researches in recent years on the engineering of single component metal sulfides by controlling morphology, construction of heterojunctions, and incorporating elements is reviewed. Methods to design and prepare metal sulfide‐based composites by building binary or ternary heterojunctions of metal sulfide/semiconductor/conductor are also discussed in detail. These materials are used in energy conversion and environmental purification systems, where they act as photocatalytic materials not only to split water, reduce carbon dioxide or nitrogen, but also to degrade pollutants (organic and inorganic) in water and gas. Finally, it is concluded by summarizing the research frontiers of metal sulfide nanomaterials in energy and environmental applications, as well as proposing potential challenges and future research directions. This work may contribute to a better understanding of metal sulfide nanocomposites and provide clues for the fabrication of more efficient metal sulfide‐based nanostructures for clean energy production and environmental remediation.
Three‐dimensional interconnected graphene network‐based high‐performance air electrode for rechargeable zinc‒air batteries
Authors: An Jia‐Xing , Meng Yu , Zhang Hong‐Bo , Zhu Yuanzhi , Yu Xiaohua , Rong Ju , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Liu Chang , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Jin‐Cheng
Published: May 2024

Although zinc‒air batteries (ZABs) are regarded as one of the most prospective energy storage devices, their practical application has been restricted by poor air electrode performance. Herein, we developed a free‐standing air electrode that is fabricated on the basis of a multifunctional three‐dimensional interconnected graphene network. Specifically, a three‐dimensional interconnected graphene network with fast mass and electron transport ability, prepared by catalyzing growth of graphene foam on nickel foam and then filling reduced graphene oxide into the pores of graphene foam, is used to anchor iron phthalocyanine molecules with atomic Fe‒N4 sites for boosting the oxygen reduction during discharging and nanosized FeNi hydroxides for accelerating the oxygen evolution during charging. As a result, the obtained air electrode exhibited an ultra‐small electrocatalytic overpotential of 0.603 V for oxygen reactions, a high peak power density of 220.2 mW cm‒2, and a small and stable charge‒discharge voltage gap of 0.70 V at 10 mA cm‒2 after 1136 cycles. Furthermore, in situ Raman spectroscopy together with theoretical calculations confirmed that phase transformation of FeNi hydroxides takes place from α‐Ni(OH)x to β‐Ni(OH)x to γ‐Ni(3+δ)+OOH for the oxygen evolution reaction and Ni is the active center while Fe enhances the activity of Ni active sites.
Solvation structure design for stabilizing MXene in transition metal ion solutions
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Guohao , Xie Guanshun , Huang Zhaohui , Zhang Peng , Xu Benhua , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan
Published: May 2024

Although MXene has attracted great interest in diverse fields, it is susceptible to oxidation in water (H2O) with transition metal ions such as Co2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+, which is pronounced at high temperatures. This impedes the preparation of MXene‐based composites and their functional applications. Here, this study revealed that Co2+ increases the maximum and average atomic charge of H in H2O to improve the reactivity of H2O, which leads to the fact that Co2+ catalyzes the oxidation of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Furthermore, the addition of N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) reduces the H2O activity and improves the oxidation stability of Ti3C2Tx in the presence of Co2+ via preferentially forming coordination bonds with Co2+. This strategy is also effective in enhancing the oxidation tolerance of Ti3C2Tx to Fe2+ in H2O. Moreover, it is feasible to enhance the oxidation stability of Ti2CTx MXene in H2O with the existence of Co2+. By virtue of these, the CoO/Ti3C2Tx composite was successfully prepared without obvious Ti3C2Tx oxidation, which is desirable to harness the advantages of Ti3C2Tx as the complementary component for lithium‐ion batteries. This work provides a straightforward paradigm to enhance the oxidation resistance of MXene in H2O in the presence of transition metal ions and at high temperatures, which opens a new vista to use MXene for target applications.