bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation using Cystatin C Levels Identifies Subclinical Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fukuda Makoto , Sawa Naoki , Mizuno Hiroki , Ikuma Daisuke , Hiramatsu Rikako , Sekine Akinari , Kawada Masahiro , Hasegawa Eiko , Hayami Noriko , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Suwabe Tatsuya , Hoshino Junichi , Miyazono Motoaki , Ubara Yoshifumi
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMethotrexate is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but can cause very serious side effects, including pancytopenia, in patients with renal impairment who have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m2. In patients with low muscle volume such as elderly patients, GFR can be measured as higher value when calculated using serum creatinine [eGFR(cre)], so more accurate estimation using cystatin C [eGFR(cys)] is preferred.MethodWe evaluated 173 patients with RA who visited Toranomon Hospital in 2019 for factors that may contribute to the difference between eGFR(cre) and eGFR(cys) [eGFR(cre−cys)]. Activities of daily living (ADL) (walking, 1 point; using a cane, 2 points; using a wheelchair, 3 points) was added as a parameter.ResultsIn univariate analysis using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, eGFR(cre−cys) was negatively correlated with body weight, height, body surface area (BSA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA)/BSA, albumin, and creatinine kinase, and positively correlated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and urinary protein. eGFR(cre−cys) was higher in patients who used a cane or wheelchair than those who could walk unaided. Multiple regression analysis showed that ADL and age contribute significantly to eGFR(cre−cys). ConclusionPatients using a cane or wheelchair are susceptible to the higher eGFR(cre−cys) values and overestimation of eGFR(cre), resulting in failed detect subclinical renal dysfunction. For such patients, eGFR(cys) should be evaluated to prevent serious side effects of methotrexate that are easily developed on patients with renal dysfunction.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Bone Mineral Density in the U.S. Population From NHANES 2005-2014
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Lin Jiyan , Dong Wenwei , Tang Mengling , Yan Shigui
Published: November 2021

Background

Environmental exposures such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were considered potential risks for bone mineral density (BMD).
Objective

To examine the associations between PFASs and BMD among the U.S. population.
Methods

This study included a total of 6,817 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2014). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between serum PFASs and BMD. Covariates such as age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, milk intake, physical activity, and previous prednisone treatment were adjusted in these models. Additionally, gender and menopausal period were considered in further subgroup analyses.
Results

Five PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFDE and PFNA) with detection rate (DR) higher than 70% were selected in the analyses of the associations with BMD. Using combined data of NHANES 2005-2014, the effects on BMD were found significant gender differences. Negative associations for PFOA (β = -0.0110; 95% CI: -0.0200, -0.0020), PFOS (β = -0.0116; 95% CI: -0.0191, -0.0041), PFHxS (β = -0.0081; 95% CI: -0.0140, -0.0021) and PFDE (β = -0.0134; 95% CI: -0.0219, -0.0048) were found in premenopausal women, while positive association for PFOA(β = 0.0112; 95% CI: 0.0027, 0.0196), PFOS (β = 0.0084; 95% CI: 0.0014, 0.0153), PFHxS(β = 0.0063; 95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0123), PFDE(β = 0.0078; 95% CI: 0.0009, 0.0148) and PFNA(β = 0.0112; 95% CI: 0.0034, 0.0190) were found in men. In further subgroup analyses, women in pre-menopause statues showed consistent negative associations.
Conclusion

Serum PFAS concentrations and femur BMD were associated with gender and menopause status differences. Most negative associations were limited to premenopausal women, and most positive associations with femur BMD were found in men. Further epidemiological evidence and studies about the mechanisms are needed.
WITHDRAWN: Applied polymers as a suitable replacement for the natural materials in the various layers of green roofs and their characteristics
Authors: Motlagh Naser Valipour , Arabpoor Zahra , Soltanpourgazar Mahdiye
Published: November 2021

Green roof is an environment-friendly structure developed globally as a result of increasing urbanization. In this review paper we first tried to collect classification, structure and materials of green roofs. Increasing water availability of substrate using water retention additives is also collected and studied in this paper. Accordingly, different materials are applied in green roofs, among which polymers have attracted a lot of attention. Polymer materials are widely used in different layers of green roofs due to their characteristics like light weight, which is an important concern about green roofs. So, in the next step, we gathered different polymeric materials that are used in different layers of green roof or can be used in this structure. For example, low density polyethylene (LDPE) or polyethylene (PP) material use as physical barriers. Therefore, this article provides an opportunity to review and compare different polymeric materials that have been studied in different articles in various layers.
Distinct Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Arithmetic Procedures
Authors: Saban William , Chagas Pedro , Piantadosi Steven , Ivry Rich
Published: November 2021

Humans exhibit complex mathematical skills, often attributed to the exceptionally large neocortex. Using a neuropsychological approach, we report that degeneration within two subcortical structures, the basal ganglia and cerebellum, impairs performance in symbolic arithmetic. Moreover, we identify distinct computational impairments in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or cerebellar degeneration (CD). The CD group exhibited a disproportionate cost when arithmetic sum increased, suggesting that the cerebellum is critical for iterative procedures required for calculations. The PD group exhibited a disproportionate cost for equations with an increasing number of addends, suggesting that the basal ganglia are critical for the coordination of multiple cognitive operations. In Experiment 2, the two patient groups exhibited intact practice gains for repeated equations at odds with an alternative hypothesis that these impairments were related to memory retrieval. Overall, the results provide a novel demonstration of the contribution of subcortical structures to the computations required for complex cognition.
Difference in the Alveolar Bone Remodeling Between the Adolescents and Adults During Upper Incisor Retraction: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Ya , Zhu Chenjing , Zhu Meng , Lei Lang
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of alveolar bone remodeling between the adolescents and adults in the maxillary incisor area during retraction. Methods: This retrospective study included 72 female patients who needed moderate anchorage to correct the bimaxillary protrusion. Subjects were further divided into the minor group (n=36, 11-16 years old) and adult group (n=36, 18-35 years old). Digital lateral cephalography and cone beam CT scanning were taken in each patient before (T0) and after treatment (T1). Cephalometry was conducted to assess incisor retraction, while alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone distance (ABD, and alveolar bone area (ABA) were detected to assess changes in the alveolar bone. Results: No difference in the inclination of upper incisors was observed at both T0 and T1. Changes in the alveolar bone showed a similar tendency with bone apposition on the labial side and resorption on the palatal side. Less increase in the labial ABT (T1-T0) and more decrease in the palatal ABT (T1-T0) was found in the adult group, leading to less total ABT in the adult group. Higher reduction inn ABD (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Moreover, more decrease in the ABA (T1-T0) was found in the adult group. Conclusion: When compared adolescents, adult patients have less alveolar bone support after orthodontic treatment, showing a through-the-bone remodeling pattern. Orthodontic should take the age into consideration to reduce the potential periodontal risks during treatment planning.
Salvage Radiotherapy Strategy and Its Prognostic Significance for Patients With Locally Recurrent Cervical Cancer After Radical Resection: a Retrospective 10-year Analysis
Authors: Zou Wen , Shan Minjie , Hou Tao , Li Yanlong , Feng Yeqian , Wang Jingjing
Published: November 2021

Background: Salvage radiotherapy modes for treating patients with local cervical cancer recurrence after radical surgery are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and prognostic significance of two radiotherapy modes—involved-field radiotherapy combined with regional lymph nodes (regional radiotherapy) and involved-field radiotherapy alone (local radiotherapy)—in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with local recurrence who underwent radical surgery without radiotherapy for early-stage cervical cancer from January 2010 to January 2020. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: Forty-four patients underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based salvage treatment. The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 64% and 60.2%, respectively. Sixteen of 18 patients with stump recurrence and 15 of 26 patients with pelvic and abdominal cavity recurrence received regional radiotherapy, while others received local radiotherapy. Univariate analysis showed that patients with stump recurrence, who underwent regional radiotherapy, and with a lower systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) had better prognosis than their counterparts. Patients aged < 51 years, with stump recurrence, recurrence time ≤ 24 months, recurrence site=1, and a lower SIRI who received regional radiotherapy had a better prognosis than patients who received local radiotherapy. SIRI correlated with the recurrence site and radiotherapy mode.Conclusion: Locally recurrent cervical cancer treated with IMRT-based salvage therapy has a good prognosis. Recurrence site, SIRI, and the radiotherapy mode significantly influenced prognosis. Regional radiotherapy may be suitable for patients with stump recurrence, recurrence time ≤ 24 months, and one recurrence site.
Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy Improve Survival in Women With Heart Failure
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Sum Shao-Yin , Hsu Jeng-Guan , Chiang Ming-Feng , Lee Tian-Shyug , Wu Szu-Yuan
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

To date, no data on the effect of adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) on oncologic outcomes, such as all-cause death, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM), are available in women with left-side breast intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
PATIENTS AND METHODS

: We enrolled 294 women with left-breast IDC at clinical stages IA–IIIC and HFrEF receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant WBRT or non-adjuvant WBRT. We categorized them into two groups based on their adjuvant WBRT status and compared their overall survival (OS), LRR, and DM outcomes. We calculated the propensity score and applied inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to create a pseudo-study cohort. Furthermore, we performed a multivariate analysis of the propensity score–weighted population to obtain hazard ratios (HRs).
RESULTS

In the IPTW-adjusted model, adjuvant WBRT (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.94) was a significant independent prognostic factor for all-cause death (P = 0.0424), and the aHR (95% CI) of LRR and DM for adjuvant WBRT was 0.33 (0.24–0.71; P = 0.0017) and 0.37 (0.22–0.63; P = 0.0004), respectively, compared with the no adjuvant WBRT group. The aHR (95% CI) of breast cancer death for adjuvant WBRT was 0.54 (0.44–0.85; P = 0.0201) compared with no adjuvant WBRT group.
CONCLUSION

Adjuvant WBRT was associated with a decrease in all-cause death, breast cancer death, LRR, and DM in women with left IDC and HFrEF compared with no adjuvant WBRT.
Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests
Authors: Sun Jian , Xiao PengFei , Yin XH , Zhang Kun , Zhu Guonian , Brock Theo
Published: November 2021

In China, the fungicide fludioxonil, that accumulates and persists in sediments, has a widespread agricultural use to control various fungal diseases. Its residues may cause toxic effects to benthic aquatic fauna, thereby impacting ecosystem service functions of aquatic ecosystems. To assess the potential environmental effects of fludioxonil in the sediment compartment of edge-of-field surface waters, sediment-spiked single-species toxicity tests with benthic macroinvertebrates were performed. In all experiments artificial sediment was used with an organic carbon content of 2.43% on dry weight basis. The single-species tests were conducted with 8 benthic macroinvertebrates covering different taxonomic groups typical for the Yangtze River Delta, China. The 28d-EC10 and 28-LC10 values thus obtained were used to construct species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). In addition, our data were supplemented with similar fludioxonil-spiked sediment toxicity data for benthic invertebrates from the Netherlands. Based on SSDs constructed with 28d-EC10 values of 8 benthic species from our experiments in China, hazardous concentrations to 5% of the species tested (HC5’s) of respectively 0.57 mg fludioxonil/kg dry weight sediment and 5.4 µg fludioxonil/L pore water were obtained. Supplementing our data from China with 8 similar toxicity data for other benthic species from the Netherlands, these HC5 values became respectively 1.2 mg fludioxonil/kg dry weight sediment and 11 µg fludioxonil/L pore water.
Preoperative QRS Duration Predicts the Responsiveness of Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Pacemaker Indications To Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Treatment
Authors: Chen Tianping , Geng Xu , Fang Yaxing , Yin Yuchun , Zhang Naiju
Published: November 2021

Background
This study investigated the predictive value of preoperative QRS duration (ORSd) in responsiveness of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with pacemaker indications to the left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP).
Methods
Thirty-one CHF patients with cardiac function categorized as NYHA class II or above and indications for pacemaker therapy who successfully underwent LBBAP treatment were enrolled in this study. Based on the 12-month postoperative responsiveness to treatment, patients were divided into a responsiveness group (n=18) and a no-responsiveness group (n=13). Data from all patients were collected for analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent factors associated with the responsiveness to LBBAP treatment.
Results
Among the 31 patients with LBBAP, 16 patients (51.6%) responded to the treatment, and 15 patients (48.4%) had no response. There were significant differences between these two groups with regard to complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), preoperative QRSd, and preoperative left ventricular peak time (LVAT). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that CLBBB, preoperative QRSd, and preoperative LVAT were all significantly correlated with responsiveness to LBBAP. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that ORSd was an independent predictor of responsiveness to LBBAP. The maximum area under the ROC curve for QRSd was 0.827, the maximum Youden index was 0.679, with the optimal cutoff point of QRSd ≥ 153 ms, a sensitivity of 81.3%, and a specificity of 86.7%.
Conclusion
Preoperative ORSd predicts the responsiveness of CHF patients with pacemaker indications to LBBAP.
Assessment of Energy and Environment Footprint of a Proposed Wind Farm in Western Coast of Libya Using LCA
Authors: Elmariami Abdelbari , Elosta Wedad , Elfleet Mohamed , Khalifa Yusef
Published: November 2021

Wind offers Libya an abundant, domestic, and currently untapped carbon free energy resource. This paper describes LCA model of assessment for the identified wind farm near the coastal city Zawia in Libya. The city has been affected by GHG emissions associated with Oil refinery facilities for the last five decades. The model study investigates the life cycle energy performance of the wind farm and the environmental impact category indicators at midpoint level, specifically; acidification and climate change. LCA was conducted to the proposed utility-scale wind farm with total estimated power of 20 MW, the assessment was conducted using the principles of the international standards ISO14040 and 14044. The results demonstrated that the amount of CO2 that can be avoided from the proposed wind farm would be about 2 MtCO2. The other emissions that could be avoided are 352.7 kg CH4 and 63.5 kg N2O. This would contribute to the alleviation of global climate change and global sustainability energy system which is recommended by UN SDG7.
A Full Coverage Reconstruction Algorithm for the Electromagnetic Map Based on Affinity Propagation Clustering
Authors: Lin Dongming , Wang Hongjun
Published: November 2021

Considering the reconstruction of electromagnetic maps without the prior information of electromagnetic propagation environment in the target area, a new algorithm based on affinity propagation clustering is proposed to complete the electromagnetic map reconstruction of the target area from points to surfaces and then from points and surfaces to a larger surface. Firstly, according to the actual situation, the target area is reasonably divided into grids. Electromagnetic data is sampled by distributed sensing nodes, and a certain number of sample points are selected for affinity propagation clustering to determine the locations of centers of sample points. Secondly, for the incomplete sample data, the Kriging algorithm is used to reconstruct the small circular electromagnetic maps. The class center is the center of the circle and the radius is certain. After that, the obtained small area electromagnetic map data and the data obtained from the sample points are used for domain mapping processing, and the electromagnetic data of a larger area of the target area is obtained. Finally, the overall electromagnetic map is reconstructed through data fusion. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than several interpolation algorithms. When sample points account for 0.1 of total data points, the RMSE of the result is less than 1.5.
Heatwaves and Health Risks in the Northern Part of Senegal: Analysing the Distribution of Temperature Related Diseases and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Sy Ibrahima , Cissé Birane , Ndao Babacar , Diouf abdoul Aziz , Sarr Mamadou Adama , Ndiaye Ousmane , Ndiaye Youssoupha , Badiane Daouda , Lalou Richard , Janicot Serge , Ndione Jacques-André
Published: November 2021

Backgrond:
The Sahelian zone of Senegal is marked by heatwave events due to temperatures increase especially in 2013 exceeding 45 ° C with an impact on morbidity and mortality rise. In order to document health impacts of recurrent extreme temperatures in this part of the country, a study was carried out combining heatwaves detection, occurrence of climate-sensitive diseases and risk factors for exposure.
Methods
To do this, a set of climatic (temperatures) and health (morbidity, mortality) data were collected for April, May and June season from 2009 to 2019. These data were complemented by surveys on exposure risk factors of 1246 households. Statistical methods were used to carry out univariate and bivariate analyzes while cartographic techniques allowed visualization of the main climatic and health indicators.
Results
The results show an increase in temperatures compared to seasonal normal for the 1971-2000 reference period with threshold exceedances of the 90th percentiles (42°C) for the maxima and (27°C) the minima and higher temperatures during the months of May and June. From health perspective, it was noted an increase in cases of consultation on health facilities as well as a rise in declared morbidity by households especially in the departments of Kanel (17.7%), Ranérou (16.1%), Matam (13.7%) and Bakel (13.7%). The heatwaves of May 2013 were also associated with cases of death with a reported mortality (observed by medical staff) of 12.4% unevenly distributed according to the departments with a higher number of deaths in Matam (25, 2%) and in Bakel (23.5%) than in Podor (8.4%) and Kanel (0.8%). The morbidity and mortality distribution according to gender shows that women (57%) were more affected than men (43%). These health risks have been associated with a number of factors including age, access to drinkable water, type of fuel, type of housing and construction materials, existence of fan, an air conditioner, health antecedents, etc.
Conclusion
The heatwaves recurrence has led to an upsurge in certain diseases sensitive to rising temperatures, which is increasingly a public health issue in the Sahelian zone of Senegal.
Functional Screening and Biosafety Identify of the Potential Application of Let-7a in Injured Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Liu Qianyan , Wang Pan , Qian Tianmei , Wang Xinghui , Yi Sheng , Li Shiying
Published: November 2021

Proper supporting factor can possess the ability to enhance neuron regeneration, for instance, neurotrophic effects especially nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the in vivo applications of NGF are largely limited by its intrinsic disadvantages. Considering that let-7 targets and regulates NGF, and let-7 is also the core and harbor regulators in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration, we evaluated the potential application in clinical. We firstly screened the let-7a as the most ideal let-7 family molecular by gene expression analysis and functional approach. We further evaluated the in vivo safety, the cell permeability of 3 main cells in regeneration micro-environment, and the morphological and functional indicators. Our study provides an essential basis for in vivo application of let-7 and pictured a vision for the clinical translation of miRNA as a prospective alternative for regenerative medicine.
Armcx1 Alleviates Secondary Brain Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury by Reducing Apoptosis and Axonal Injury in a Mouse Model of Controlled Cortical Impact
Authors: Lu Dengfeng , Wang Yi , Liu Guangjie , Wang Shixin , Wang Jing , Sun Xiaoou , Wu Yu
Published: November 2021

Armcx1 is highly expressed in the brain and is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane of neurons, where it mediates mitochondrial transport. Mitochondrial transport promotes the removal of damaged mitochondria and the replenishment of healthy mitochondria, which are essential for neuronal survival after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the role of Armcx1 and its underlying regulator(s) in secondary brain injury (SBI) after TBI. An in vivo TBI model was established in C57BL/6 mice via controlled cortical impact (CCI). Adeno-associated viruses with Armcx1 overexpression and knockdown were constructed and administered to mice by stereotactic cortical injection. Exogenous miR-223-3P mimic or inhibitor was transfected into cultured cortical neurons, which were then scratched to simulate TBI in vitro. The Armcx1 protein level was found to be decreased in peri-lesion tissue, particularly in neurons. The overexpression of Armcx1 significantly reduced TBI-induced neurological dysfunction, apoptosis, axonal injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while knockdown of Armcx1 had the opposite effect. Armcx1 was a direct target of miR-223-3P. The miR-223-3P mimic significantly reduced the Armcx1 protein level, while the miR-223-3P inhibitor had the opposite effect. Finally, the miR-223-3P inhibitor significantly improved mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the total length of the neurites without affecting branching numbers, while the miR-223-3P mimic had the opposite effect. In summary, our results suggest that the decreased expression of Armcx1 protein in neurons after experimental TBI aggravates secondary brain injury, which may be regulated by miR-223-3P. Therefore, this study provides a potential therapeutic approach for treating TBI.
WITHDRAWN: Preparation of Silver Nanopowders and Its Application in Low Temperature Electrically Conductive Adhesive
Authors: Zhang Xiao Min , Yang Xiao-Li , Wang Bin
Published: November 2021

Printable electrically conductive adhesive with high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties has wide application prospect in electronic device. In order to explore new conductive fillers of interconnecting materials in electronic circuit and electronic packaging industries, silver nanopowders were prepared by DC arc plasma method with high pure. The silver nanopowders present a spherical structure, the particle’s diameter range from 15 to 220 nm. In this paper, a high performance electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) was prepared. This ECA was fabricated by mixing silver nanopowders with epoxy resin and was screen-printed to a required shape. It was found that the ECA can be solidified through a low temperature sintering method in the air at 150 ℃ for 10 min. The electrical and mechanical of above ECA were investigated and characterized. The ECA filled with 75% silver nanopowders exhibits excellent performances, including high electrical conductivity (9.5×10-4 Ω·cm), high bonding strength ( 8.3 MPa). Based on the performance characteristics, the ECA applications in flexible printed electrodes and interconnecting materials are demonstrated.
AURKA/NFκB Axis: A Key Determinant of Radioresistance in Cervical Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Das Salini , Ray Dilip Kumar , Mahapatra Elizabeth , Biswas Souvick , Roy Madhumita , Mukherjee Sutapa
Published: November 2021

Background: Cervical cancer being one of the leading gynaecological cancers, possess a major threat by its ever-increasing trend of global recurrence events. Radioresistance is one of the major challenges confronted during the treatment of cervical cancer. Radioresistance in cancer cells is manifested by increased rate of cellular proliferation, migration-invasion and cell cycle alterations. Aurora Kinase A (AURKA), a mitotic serine/threonine kinase was found to be overexpressed in cancers and is associated with development of acquired therapy resistance. The principal objective of this study revolved with exploring the mechanisms by which AURKA confers radioadaptive response in cervical cancer cells. Methods and Results: Parental cervical squamous carcinoma cell line SiHa was subjected to recurrent insult by fractionated dose of X-irradiation. Finally, a resistant subline (SiHa/RR) was isolated at 40Gy. SiHa/RR exhibited higher expression of AURKA/ pAURKA along with the signaling molecules that are favored by this kinase (HIF1α, pAkt, NFκB) vis-à-vis lower expressions of the molecules that are generally suppressed by AURKA (p53, Gadd45a). Surprisingly, inhibition of AURKA in SiHa/RR showed improved radiosensitivity by reducing the wound healing capacity, sphere forming ability and enhancing radiation induced apoptosis. Ectopic overexpression of AURKA gave rise to radioresistant phenotype in parental SiHa by stimulating nuclear translocation of NFκB. This pattern of increased nuclear localization of NFκB was also observed in resistant subline as a consequence of activation and overexpression of AURKA. Conclusion: These findings strengthened the involvement of AURKA in radioresistance via activating NFκB mediated signaling pathway to deliver radioresistant associated adaptive complexities.
PAHs Changed Epigenetics by One Carbon Metabolism in Childhood Asthma
Authors: Wu Hao , Bao Yuling , Hu Jinye , Huang Hui , Jiang Ping , Zhang Zhan , Li Lei , Wu Qian
Published: November 2021

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in which PAHs exert its adverse effects in childhood asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate this process in view of cellular metabolism, especially one carbon metabolism. Methods: Fifty asthmatic children and fifty control subjects were recruited in this study. Serum IgE and IL-17A was detected by ELISA assay. Serum PAHs levels were measured by GC-MS. One carbon-related metabolites were determined by UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. Blood DNA methylation in long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing PCR. ChIP assays were used to examine H3K4me3 modifications on IL-17A gene. Multivariable linear regression was performed to evaluate the associates between PAHs and DNA methylation and histone methylation mediated by one carbon metabolism. Results: The asthmatic group presented significantly higher total serum IgE and IL-17A levels. Serum Fla was associated with childhood asthma. The asthmatic group displayed a significantly decreasing in SAM abundance and a smaller but corresponding decrease in SAH, which indicated the increasing conversion from SAM to SAH and the elevated capacity of methylation reactions. Fla had a great effect on one carbon metabolites, especially SAH, SAM and Ser, which exerted significant mediation effects between the Fla level and asthma. What’s more, Fla had a positive effect on LINE-1 DNA methylation (β=0.395, P=0.000) and H3K4 tri-methylation level in the IL-17A promoter region(β=0.293, P=0.002). We did find significant mediation effect between serum Fla and asthma by LINE-1 DNA methylation and H3K4me3 level in the IL-17A promoter region.Conclusion: PAHs disturbed one carbon metabolism to influence the methyl group refill of DNA methylation and histone methylation, which may elevate serum IL-17A level in asthmatic children.
Source Apportionment and Model Applicability of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil Based on Three Receptor Models
Authors: Liu Hong , Liao Shiyan , Wu Dongtao , Rukh Gul , Chen Zhenhua , Wu Xiangdong , Xiao Linlin , Zhong Bin , Liu Dan
Published: November 2021

The identification of the source of heavy metal pollution and its quantification are the prerequisite of soil pollution control. The apcs-mlr, UNMIX and PMF models were employed to apportion pollution sources of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni of the farmland soil in vicinity of an abandoned iron and steel plant. The sources, contribution rates and applicability of the models were evaluated. The potential ecological risk index revealed greatest ecological risk from Cd. The results of source apportionment illustrated that apcs-mlr and UNMIX models can verify each other for accurate allocation of pollution sources. The industrial sources were the main sources of pollution (32.41% ~ 38.42%), followed by agricultural sources (29.35% ~ 31.65%), traffic emission sources (21.03% ~ 21.51%), and natural sources of pollution were accounted for smallest proportion (11.2% ~ 14.42%). The PMF model was easily affected by outliers, its fitting degree was not ideal, and it was unable to get more accurate results of source analysis. The combination of multiple models can effectively improve accuracy of pollution source analysis of soil heavy metals. These results can provide a scientific basis for further remediation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.
The aerodynamic performance of Non-planar hex-rotors aircraft subjected the horizontal wind disturbanceLei yao1,2* Ma Chensong1 Feng Zhicheng1
Authors: yao Lei , Chensong Ma , Zhicheng Feng
Published: November 2021

The non-planar hex-rotor aircraft mentioned in this article can change its flight status by simply changing the tilt angle of the rotor. In this paper, mainly studied the best aerodynamic performance of a non-planar hex-rotor aircraft under the influence of horizontal wind (0m/s, 2.5m/s and 4m/s). Firstly, the rotation speed of the rotor is a fixed value (2200r/min) in the low-speed wind tunnel test, the horizontal wind speed and the tilt angle of the rotor are variable values, the thrust, power consumption and power loading(PL) values of the aircraft are obtained. Secondly, the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to simulate the aerodynamic performance of a non-planar hex-rotors aircraft when subjected to a horizontal wind to obtain the simulation results. Finally, comparing the experimental values and the simulation values, it is found that the horizontal speed has a greater impact on the thrust and power consumption of the non-planar hex-rotor aircraft. From the change of PL values, it is concluded that the horizontal wind speed is 0m/s, 2.5m/s, 4m/s, the best inclination angle is 10°, 30°and 50°, and the strongest anti-wind performance.
Research on Siding Mode Controller of High-Speed Maglev Train Under Aerodynamic Load
Authors: Liu Meng-juan , Wu Han , Zeng Xiao-Hui , Yin Bo , Hao Zhan-zhou
Published: November 2021

The high-speed maglev train will be subjected to extremely obvious aerodynamic load during operation, it will also be subjected to instantaneous aerodynamic impact load in the case of passing, which will bring extreme challenges to the suspension stability and safe operation of the train. It is necessary to consider the influence of aerodynamic load and shock wave in the design of suspension control algorithm. Traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control cannot follow the change of vehicle parameters or external disturbance, which is easy to cause suspension fluctuation and instability. In order to improve the suspension stability and vibration suppression of high-speed maglev train under aerodynamic load and impact, a controller based on sliding mode technique is designed in this paper, and in this controller, the deformation of the primary suspension is introduced to replace the aerodynamic load on the electromagnet. In order to verify the control performance of the designed controller, the dynamic simulation model of train with three vehicles is established, and the dynamic response of the train under the condition of passing in open air is calculated. Compared with the PID controller, it is verified that the sliding mode control (SMC) method proposed in this paper can effectively restrain the electromagnet fluctuation of the train under aerodynamic load.
Emergency Surgery Admissions and The COVID-19 Pandemic: Did The First Wave Really Change Our Practice? Results of An ACOI/WSES International Audit On 6263 Patients.
Authors: Tebala Giovanni D. , Milani Marika S. , Bignell Mark , Bond-Smith Giles , Lewis Chris , Cirocchi Roberto , Saverio Salomone Di , Catena Fausto , Scatizzi Marco , Marini Pierluigi
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a deep impact on emergency surgical services, with a significant reduction of patients admitted into emergency surgical units world widely. Reliable figures of this reduction have not been produced yet. Our international audit aimed at giving a precise snapshot of the absolute and relative changes of emergency surgical admissions at the outbreak of the pandemic. Materials and methodsDatasets of patients admitted as general surgical emergencies into 45 internationally distributed emergency surgical units during the months of March and April 2020 (Covid-19 pandemic outbreak) were collected and compared with those of patients admitted into the same units during the months of March and April 2019 (pre-Covid-19). Primary endpoint was to evaluate the relative variation of the presentation symptoms and discharge diagnoses between the two study periods. Secondary endpoint was to identify the possible change of therapeutic strategy during the same two periods. ResultsForty-four centres participated sent their anonymised data to the study hub, for a total of 6263 patients. Of these, 3810 were admitted in the pre-Covid period and 2453 in the Covid period, for a 35.6% absolute reduction. The most common presentation was abdominal pain, whose incidence did not change between the two periods, but in the Covid period patients presented less frequently with anal pain, hernias, anaemia and weight loss. ASA 1 and low frailty patients were admitted less frequently, while ASA>1 and frail patients showed a relative increase. The type of surgical access did not change significantly, but lap-to-open conversion rate halved between the two study periods. Discharge diagnoses of appendicitis and diverticulitis reduced significantly, while bowel ischaemia and perianal ailments had a significant relative increase.ConclusionsOur audit demonstrates a significant overall reduction of emergency surgery admissions at the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic with a minimal change of the proportions of single presentations, diagnoses and treatments. These findings may open the door to new ways of managing surgical emergencies without engulfing the already busy hospitals.
Effects of fasudil on blood-brain barrier integrity
Authors: Sato Kei , Nakagawa Shinsuke , Morofuji Yoichi , Matsunaga Yuki , Fujimoto Takashi , Watanabe Daisuke , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Niwa Masami , Walter Fruzsina R , Santa-Maria Ana Raquel , Deli Maria A , Matsuo Takayuki
Published: November 2021

Background

Cerebral infarction accounts for 85% of all stroke cases. Even in an era of rapid and effective recanalization using an intravascular approach, the majority of patients have poor functional outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic agents to treat acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated the effect of fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on blood brain barrier (BBB) functions under normoxia or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions using a primary cell-based in vitro BBB model.
Medhods:

BBB models from rat primary cultures (brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes) were subjected to either normoxia or 6-hour OGD/24-hour reoxygenation. To assess the effects of fasudil on BBB functions, we evaluated real time impedance, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), sodium fluorescein permeability, and tight junction protein expression using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Lastly, to understand the observed protective mechanism on BBB functions by fasudil we examined the role of cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U-46619 in BBB-forming cells.
Results

We found that treatment with 0.3–30 µM of fasudil increased cellular impedance. Fasudil enhanced barrier properties in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by an increased (TEER) and decreased permeability. Fasudil also increased the expression of tight junction protein claudin-5. Reductions in TEER and increased permeability were observed after OGD/reoxygenation exposure in mono- and co-culture models. The improvement in BBB integrity by fasudil was confirmed in both of the models, but was significantly higher in the co-culture than in the monoculture model. Treatment with U-46619 did not show significant changes in TEER in the monoculture model, whereas it showed a significant reduction in TEER in the co-culture model. Fasudil significantly improved the U-46619-induced TEER reduction in the co-culture models. Pericytes and astrocytes have opposite effects on endothelial cells and may contribute to endothelial injury in hyperacute ischemic stroke. Overall, fasudil protects the integrity of BBB both by a direct protective effect on endothelial cells and by a pathway mediated via pericytes and astrocytes.
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that fasudil is a BBB-protective agent against acute ischemic stroke.
Case Study in The Northern Cape (Loopeng Area), South Africa, Confirming Occurrence of a Collapsible Soil Structure in Transported Soils
Authors: Stapelberg Frederik Daniël Jacobus
Published: November 2021

Testing was performed on transported soils belonging to recently deposited sandy-silty soil deposits occurring in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa in order to determine the occurrence and order of magnitude of a collapsing sand soil structure. Various empirical geotechnical characteristics including: in situ soil profile structure description, particle grading curve and clay content, soil classification, soil density and void ratio were compared to collapse potential values determined with oedometer testing in order to judge the success with which the empirical characteristics can be utilized to predict the occurrence of a collapsible soil structure.From the results it is clear that a collapsing sand structure exists in the transported soils and the empirical descriptors mostly correctly indicate the occurrence or the particular soil structure when compared to previous studies on collapsing sands. The one descriptor which reflects a relatively poor correction between the descriptor and the soil structure (in situ soil profile structure description) is considered to be a poor indicator of the collapsible soil structure due to erroneous or poor in situ soil structure observations resulting from unfavourable local conditions namely dry, dusty soil conditions and very brief intact standup time of test pit side walls.
Automatic Approach for Mask Detection Effective: For COVID-19
Authors: Banik Debajyoty , Rawat Saksham Rawat , Thakur Aayush , Parwekar Pritee , Satapathy Suresh Chandra
Published: November 2021

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at the end of 2019, and it has continued to be a source of misery for millions of people and companies well into 2020. There is a surge of concern among all persons, especially those who wish to resume in person activities, as the globe recovers from the epidemic and intends to return to a level of normalcy. Wearing a face mask greatly decreases the likelihood of viral transmission and gives a sense of security, according to studies. However, manually tracking the execution of this regulation is not possible. The key to this is technology. We present a Deep Learning-based system that can detect instances of improper use of face masks. A dual-stage Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)architecture is used in our system to recognie masked and unmasked faces. This will aid in the tracking of safety breaches, the promotion of face mask use, and the maintenance of a safe working environment. This paper will automate the tasks of mask detection in public places when incorporated with CCTV cameras and will alert the system manager when a person without mask or wearing incorrect mask tries to enter. This paper includes multi face detection model which has the
potential to target and identify a group of people whether they are wearing masks or not. We tried to collect various facial pictures and tried to identify the face Region of Interest (ROI), and then we separated it. Applying facial milestones, to permit the restriction the eyes, nose, mouth, and so. face was then completed and we tried to detect the presence of mask. To prepare a custom face cover locator, breaking our venture into two unmistakable stages was required, each with its own separate sub-steps.
1. Preparing: Here, stacking our face veil discovery dataset from plate, preparing a model on this dataset, and afterward serializing the face cover locator to circle was the focus.
2. Sending: Once the face veil identifier is prepared, the accompanying advance of stacking the cover finder, performing face recognition, and afterward characterizing each face as with veil or without veil, can be executed.
Climatic Rather than Edaphic Variables Determine Leaf C, N, P Stoichiometry of Deciduous Quercus Species
Authors: Lin Yutong , Lai Yuan , Tang Songbo , Qin Zhangfen , Liu Jianfeng , Kang Fengfeng , Kuang Yuanwen
Published: November 2021

Purpose Leaf elemental stoichiometry is indicative of plant nutrient limitation, community composition, ecosystem function. Understanding the variations of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry at genus-level across large geographic regions and identifying their driving factors are important to predict species’ distribution range shifts affected by climate change.MethodsHere, we determined the patterns of leaf concentrations ([ ]) and ratios ( / ) of C, N, P of five deciduous oaks species (Quercus) across China covering ~ 20 latitude (~21–41˚ N) and longitude (~99–119˚ E) degrees, and detected their relationships with climatic, edaphic variables. ResultsLeaf [C], [N] and N/P, C/P significantly increased, while leaf [P] and C/N decreased with the increasing latitude. Leaf stoichiometry except for leaf [C] had no significant trends along the longitude. Climatic variables, i.e. mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, temperature seasonality, aridity index, and the potential evapo-transpiration were the determinants of the geographic patterns of leaf C, N, P stoichiometry. The mean annual precipitation and the maximum temperature of the warmest month indirectly regulated leaf C/N, C/P and N/P via altering leaf [P]. Edaphic variables had non-significant effects on leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry at the broad geographic range.ConclusionsClimatic variables have more important effects than edaphic properties on leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of the studied deciduous Quercus species, which imply the ongoing climate change will alter nutrient strategies and potentially shift the distribution range of this eurytopic species.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Healthcare Workers in Nursing Homes in France and Related Determinants, 2018- 2019 Season: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Vaux Sophie , Fonteneau Laure , Venier Anne-Gaëlle , Gautier Arnaud , Altrach Sophan Soing , Parneix Pierre , Lévy-Bruhl Daniel
Published: November 2021

Background

The burden of influenza morbidity and mortality in nursing homes (NH) is high. Vaccination of residents and healthcare workers (HCW) is the main prevention strategy. Despite recommendations, HCW vaccination coverage is generally low.
Methods

We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of NH using a single-stage stratified random sampling design to estimate influenza vaccination coverage in nursing home HCW in France during the 2019-2020 season, and to identify measures likely to increase it. A multivariate analysis was performed using a negative binomial regression.
Results

Overall influenza vaccination coverage in HCW was 31.9% (95% CI [29.7-34.1]). It varied according to occupational category: 75.5% [69.3-81.7] for physicians, 42.9% [39.4-46.4] for nurses, 26.7% [24.5-29.0] for nursing assistants, and 34.0% [30.1-38.0] for other paramedical personnel. When considering all professionals (i.e., HCW and non-medical professionals), overall vaccination coverage was 30.6% [28.2-33.0]. Vaccination coverage was higher in private nursing homes, in i) small nursing homes, ii) when vaccination was offered free of charge (RRa: 1.4, [1.1-1.8]), iii) when vaccination promotion for professionals included individual (RRa: 1.6 [1.1-2.1]) or collective (RRa: 1.3 [1.1-1.5]) information sessions, videos or games (RRa: 1.4 [1.2-1.6], iv) when information on influenza vaccines was provided (RRa: 1.2 [1.0-1.3], and finally, vi) when a vaccination point of contact - defined as an HCW who could provide reliable information on vaccination - was nominated within the nursing home (RRa: 1.7 [1.3-2.2]).
Conclusions

Urgent and innovative actions are required to increase coverage in HCW. Vaccination programmes should include free vaccination and education campaigns, and particularly target nursing assistants. The results of this nationwide study provide keys for improving influenza vaccination coverage in HCW. Programmes should ensure that information on influenza vaccines is provided by a vaccination point of contact in NH using attractive media. Combining the different prevention measures proposed could increase coverage in NH nationwide by over 50%.