bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gavrilovski Antonio , Shabani Ilir , Velkovski Vilijam , Todorova Teodora , Memeti Shaban
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the influential factors for hidden blood loss after a total knee arthroplasty and their relationship with the total blood loss. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a crucial treatment of late-stage knee osteoarthritis. Measured blood loss is significantly inconsistent with the hemoglobin (HB) drop postoperatively. Fifty-four patients, 20 males and 34 females, were retrospectively analyzed. The preoperative blood loss and therefore the hidden blood loss following TKA were calculated by the Gross formula. The typical perioperative blood loss was found to be 780±220 ml and therefore the average hidden blood loss was 280±180 ml. No significant differences were found in hidden blood loss for males compared to females. Hidden blood loss may not be reduced by hemostasis during operation with a deflated tourniquet.
Systematic assessment of the Panopeidae and broader Eubrachyura (Decapoda: Brachyura) using mitochondrial genomics
Authors: Jennings Lucas A. , Blakeslee April M. H. , McCoy Krista A. , Behringer Donald C. , Bojko Jamie
Published: November 2021

Abstract

This study provides a broad phylogenetic analysis for the Eubrachyura, with the inclusion of three new Panopeidae mitochondrial genomes: Eurypanopeus depressus (flatback mud crab) (15,854bp), Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud crab) (15,812bp) and Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris, or ‘white-fingered’ mud crab) (15,892bp). These new mitogenomes were analyzed alongside all available brachyuran mitochondrial genomes (n = 113), comprising 80 genera from 29 families, to provide an updated phylogenetic analysis of the infra-order Brachyura (“true crabs”). Our analyses support the subsection Potamoida within the Eubrachyura as the sister group to Thoracotremata. The family Panopeidae aligns with the family Xanthidae to form the Xanthoidea branch, which is supported by current morphological and genetic taxonomy. A unique gene arrangement termed ‘XanGO’ was identified for the panopeids and varies relative to other members of the subsection Heterotremata (within the Eubrachyura) via a transposition of the trnV gene. This gene arrangement is novel and is shared between several Xanthoidea species, including Etisus anaglyptus (hairy spooner crab), Atergatis floridus (brown egg crab), and Atergatis integerrimus (red egg crab), suggesting that it is a conserved gene arrangement within the Xanthoidea superfamily. Our study further reveals a need for taxonomic revision of some brachyuran groups, particularly the Sesarmidae. The inclusion of panopeid mitogenomes into the greater brachyuran phylogeny increases our understanding of crab evolution and higher level Eubrachyuran systematics.
Ceremonial events at non-sites of memory: Seven framings of a difficult past
Authors: Kobielska Maria
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The author discusses uncommemorated and under-remembered sites of past violence in terms of the conditions of their transformation into memory sites. Commemorative ceremonies, which may be staged at non-sites of memory, are presented as affective media of memory and identity, demonstrating social responses to the sites, as well as placing the local past in the context of supra-local memory forms. The argument is grounded in the material gathered from fieldwork during the research project on uncommemorated sites of genocide in Poland and, predominantly, in a detailed case study of a ceremony witnessed by the author in 2016 in Radecznica (Lublin Voivodship) at a burial site of victims of the “Holocaust by bullets”. In the article the discourse of speeches delivered during the ceremony is analyzed, on the assumption that they can reveal rules of national Polish memory culture dictating what may be commemorated and how cultural mechanisms have a power to hinder commemoration. As a result, seven distinctive framings of past events that kept returning in subsequent speeches were identified and interpreted as “memory devices” that enable and facilitate recollection, but also mark out the limits of what can be remembered and passed on.
Le travail détaché en Europe : concurrence sociale déloyale ou garantie d’un socle minimal de protection ?
Authors: Emeriau Arnaud
Published: November 2021

Complexe et difficile d’accès, le système du détachement des travailleurs européens questionne l’essence même du projet européen, en étant le signe de l’incapacité de celui-ci à atteindre l’objectif d’une convergence sociale entre États membres et en mettant en jeu leurs différences. Le législateur européen a en partie renforcé l’arsenal juridique en proposant une directive renouvelée sur le détachement des travailleurs. Applicable depuis le 30 juillet 2020, elle permettra de lutter plus efficacement contre la fraude liée au détachement tout en garantissant une même rémunération sur les mêmes lieux et postes de travail. Cependant, ce cadre restera insuffisant si les textes de coordination de sécurité sociale ne sont pas à leur tour adaptés dans les meilleurs délais, afin de faire face à l’évolution rapide des stratégies d’optimisation sociale de certains opérateurs économiques dans l’Union européenne.
From Asia to the Americas: Chinese Medicine in Latin America and the Caribbean (1840-1930)
Authors: Palma Patricia
Published: November 2021

Cet article présente l’histoire de la médecine chinoise – ses connaissances, ses thérapies, ses pratiques et ses praticiens – en Amérique latine et aux Caraïbes entre 1840 et 1930, en particulier dans les pays comptant une grande population d’immigrants chinois. Cette période fut marquée par l’accroissement de la popularité de la médecine chinoise dans la région, ainsi que par les conflits avec les médecins diplômés, qui tentèrent d’éliminer la compétition asiatique du marché de la santé, alors en pleine expansion. Cette contribution vise à illustrer la circulation transnationale du savoir médical, relativement peu analysée par l’historiographie latino-américaine.
De Montevideo au Monde : l’Institut International Américain de Protection de l’Enfance et la circulation des politiques uruguayennes de la santé de l’enfance
Authors: Birn Anne-Emanuelle
Published: November 2021

Cet article explore le rôle, pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, de l’ Instituto Internacional Americano de Protección a la Infancia , basé en Uruguay, dans la définition d’un agenda global pour la santé infantile. La création de cet Institut a résulté de la convergence d’intérêts de féministes, de médecins, de réformateurs ou encore du gouvernement uruguayen et a été favorisée par les échanges d’idées et de pratiques entre ces acteurs et des institutions et spécialistes en Europe et aux Amériques. Cet Institut est devenu très vite un laboratoire d’idées, un centre de documentation et un incubateur de politiques novatrices pour les approches du bien-être de l’enfant centrées sur les droits. Conseillé par les pédiatres affiliés à l’Institut, le gouvernement uruguayen – à l’époque une dictature – a adopté un Code des droits de l’enfant en 1934 qui a mis en avant la nécessité d’intégrer les approches médicales et sociales afin d’améliorer la santé des enfants. Les résonances internationales de l’Institut et du Code offrent un contrepoint incontournable sur les déplacements transnationaux et les racines complexes du champ de la protection et des droits de l’enfant.
Diplomatie de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise en République populaire de Chine : un atout dans la Guerre froide
Authors: Su Jingjing , Ciaudo Joseph
Published: November 2021

Pendant la Guerre froide, la médecine chinoise a pu jouer un rôle important dans les relations bilatérales et multilatérales que la Chine a entretenues avec d’autres pays, car elle était considérée comme un domaine relevant de la culture et donc relativement apolitique. En favorisant les échanges et promouvant la compréhension mutuelle, elle permit une ouverture dans le « Rideau de bambou », alors que le positionnement de la Chine par rapport au camp occidental était plus subtil que celui de l’Union soviétique. Les diplomates de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise agirent sur plusieurs fronts : ils furent autant mis au service des chefs d’État, qu’envoyés dans des régions dangereuses pour soigner les malades et sauver des vies. La République populaire de Chine, en liant la médecine traditionnelle avec les discours de décolonisation et un imaginaire de self-help , mit la médecine traditionnelle au service de sa stratégie diplomatique visant à unifier le Tiers-monde.
El camino nostálgico hacia el reconocimiento de sí
Authors: Montesó-Ventura Jorge
Published: November 2021

La nostalgia refiere a ese dolor por la imposibilidad de recuperar un pasado cuyo recuerdo provoca una sensación de dicha reconfortante y que, sin embargo, nos atrae sin remedio. Ello nos aboca a una tendencia reiterada a la rememoración en busca de ese espacio de familiaridad, de sentido, que sabemos perdido, aunque confiamos que redimible. En este artículo analizaremos esta posibilidad de reencuentro que, en su expresión, posibilita un potencial reconocimiento de sí, esto es, una oportunidad para reafirmar la continuidad pasado-presente que refuerza el despliegue de un proyecto de vida hoy, de cara a un futuro.
Intelectuales: entre el compromiso social y el conocimiento estricto. Ética, política y epistemología en Leopoldo Zea
Authors: Beltrán García Iver A.
Published: November 2021

¿Es inevitable para el intelectual la disyuntiva entre el compromiso social y el compromiso con el conocimiento? Este artículo, a partir del pensamiento de Leopoldo Zea, y a través de un método hermenéutico, analítico-conceptual, crítico-evaluativo y teórico-constructivo, sostiene que esos compromisos no solo son compatibles, sino que se implican el uno al otro. Para argumentar este punto, elabora una conceptualización de la figura del intelectual y de su compromiso social, de acuerdo con la cual lo propio del intelectual consiste en articular su actividad teórica a la actividad transteórica ética y política, a la vez que en preservar la autonomía de la actividad teórica y buscar un conocimiento universal. El artículo tiene una importancia doble: por una parte, efectúa una reformulación de las ideas vigentes de Zea al respecto; por otra parte, ofrece un esquema con pretensión de validez general respecto a un problema social apremiante hoy como ayer: el compromiso social del intelectual y su compromiso con el conocimiento.
Fragile Characters in a Fragmented World: Hamartia in Herondas
Authors: Fountoulakis Andreas
Published: November 2021

The notion of hamartia in Aristotle’s Poetics and his moral writings refers to harmful and yet unintentional acts committed in ignorance. In the Poetics it is considered as an important feature of the best type of tragic plot and the action of many tragic characters, while relevant instances are found in both tragedy and comedy. The aim of this paper is to examine hamartia in Herondas’ mimiambs, a literary genre that draws upon the tradition of genres such as the mime, iambic poetry and drama. It is argued that mimiambs 1 and 5 show an awareness of hamartia’s usages in Aristotle and in dramatic poetry. Yet in Herondas these usages are not fully developed. They contribute instead to the elucidation of specific aspects of the characters who emerge from the mimiambs. This demonstrates Herondas’ concern with ethical norms in a world of everyday experience and his multi-faceted use of earlier philosophical discourse and literary genres.
Preliminary results of effect of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) extract on liver, pancreas, kidneys and cardiac tissues in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Naseri Mohsen , Sereshki Zahra Khalaj , Ghavami Behnaz , Zangii Bagher Minaii , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Moghaddam Parvaneh Mohseni , Asghari Majid , Nejad Seyed Abbas Hashemi , Emadi Fatemeh , Ghaffari Farzaneh
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications impose a significant burden on patients and the health care system. In the Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), barley is recommended for treatment of DM. This study sought to assess the effect of barley seed aqueous extract on hepatic, pancreatic, renal and cardiac tissues in normal (non-diabetic) and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. After one week, the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were randomly divided into control and barley seed extract subgroups namely N group (non-diabetic control rats), S group (seed extract treated non-diabetic rats), D group (diabetic control rats) and DS group (seed extract treated diabetic rats). After 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed for histopathological analysis and specimens were stained routinely for histological studies. The abnormal histological signs significantly decreased in the DS group compared to D group. Also, protective effects of barley seed extract against histopathological changes were seen in S group compared to N group.These findings suggest that barley seed extract exerts a protective effect on different tissues in diabetes.
The Response of Local Governments in Financing Related to the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Authors: Permanasari Vetty Yulianty , Nadjib Mardiati , Sjaaf Amal Chalik , Besral  , Anjani Adinda Aulia
Published: November 2021

Not only the Central Government, local governments also have a role to shape, adapt and provide a holistic response to the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most important actions taken by local governments during the COVID-19 pandemic is to make immediate, timely, and targeted decisions for the right institutions in order to give an effective response. Regarding financing, the main point is to focus on increasing support and accelerating fiscal transfer funds to local governments in an effort handle COVID- 19. This paper wants to observe the empirical practice of local governments in various countries in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in terms of financing various programs and activities related to the COVID-19 response. Literature was obtained from several databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Of the 783 articles obtained at the start of the search, in the end only 11 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is aparrent in all parts of the world, including in countries’ local governments, that forced them to carry out various efforts of mitigating the severity of the pandemic. Although the detailes of local governments budgeting were not found in most of the articles studied in this literature review, it is sufficient to provide a fairly significant picture of the function of local government in tackling the spread of COVID-19.
Serum KL-6 as predictive and prognostic marker of interstitial lung disease in childhood connective tissue diseases: a pilot study
Authors: El-Beheidy R. , Domouky A.M. , Zidan H. , Amer Y.A.
Published: November 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate serum KL-6 levels to determine if this marker can be used for diagnosing and assessing severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children with connective tissue disorders. In total, 40 patients [18 patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE), 10 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 8 patients with juvenile mixed connective tissue disease (JMCTD), 3 patients with juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc), and 1 patient with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)] and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. Age, sex, and duration of CTD and ILD (if any) were recorded. Blood samples from all the patients and controls were examined by ELISA. 20 of the 40 patients with CTD (50%) had ILD, 12 were mild and 8 were severe as assessed by spirometry. The median serum KL-6 level was 102.7 U/mL (76.1-180.8) in the CTD with severe ILD group, 72.2 U/mL (58.4- 100.5) in the CTD with mild ILD group, 56.7 U/mL (35.8-68.5) in the CTD without ILD group, and 52.3 U/mL (32.8-62.4) in the control group. KL-6 levels were significantly higher in the CTD with ILD (p<0.05), at a cutoff of 63.4 U/ml identified by ROC curve, serum KL-6 showed a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 89.7%. KL-6 is a valuable biomarker for diagnostic purposes and to detect severity in ILD in childhood CTD.
Malaria vaccine development
Authors: Guo Shuyang , Sai Wenbo , Li Min
Published: November 2021

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, malaria is still one of the main diseases affecting human health, especially in Africa, and inflicts a heavy disease burden and a huge economic burden in endemic countries. At present, the widespread emergence of antimalarial drug resistance and unresolved drug availability issues have led researchers to turn their attention to the development of antimalarial vaccines. This review aims at highlighting the recent development of malaria vaccines and discussing the challenges.
Role of Telemedicine in Anesthesia
Authors: Mishra Seema , Gupta Raghav , Biswas Swagata
Published: November 2021

Telemedicine is a modality which utilizes technology to provide and support health care across large distances. It has redefined the practices of medicine in many specialties and continues to be a boon for clinicians on many frontiers. Its role in the branch of anesthesia remains largely unexplored but has shown to be beneficial in all the three phases: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative. Now time has come that anesthesiologists across the globe reassess their strategies and utilize the telemedicine facilities in the field of anesthesia.
Challenging Anesthesia in Pediatric Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Tumors Resection
Authors: Kurniyanta Putu , Putra Kadek Heryana
Published: November 2021

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are chromaffin cell tumors that secrete catecholamines and are some of the rarest pediatric tumors. Perioperative care poses a challenge for the anesthetist. Hemodynamic regulation, surgery manipulation, and perioperative care require special attention. These tumors provide major treatment challenges as well as a high risk of hypertensive crisis-related cardiovascular consequences. We present a successfully managed case of PCC removal in a 13-year-old male. He presented with typical hypertensive crisis symptoms (i.e., vomiting, headaches, and seizures), and he was managed well to prepare him for surgery. We anticipated hemodynamic alterations during the surgery and controlled them with a combination of antihypertension, vasodilator, and epidural analgesia. The safe perioperative care of such patients requires good communication between an experienced multidisciplinary team of surgeons, pediatric endocrinologists, and anesthetists.
Anesthetic Management of Patients Undergoing One-Step Surgical Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Permatasari Desy , Kurniyanta Putu , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung
Published: November 2021

The anesthetic management of newborns with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) can be challenging due to fistula between the airway and esophagus leading to difficulty in perioperative airway management. Maintaining the endotracheal tube (ETT) position during surgical manipulation and adequate ventilation without gastric distention complications is crucial. This study presents two cases of full-term and normal-birthweight newborns with Type C TEF/EA. Both of the patients underwent one-step surgical repair without gastrostomy insertion. Instead of using gastrostomy, correct placement of ETT might be checked by physical examination. Induction of anesthesia was done using volatile inhalational agents and fentanyl as analgetic. For intubation facilitation, spontaneous breath and ventilation were maintained to prevent gastric distention. This report showed that good intubation conditions could be achieved with deep volatile agents and without muscle relaxants. Patients were ventilated with an assisted-controlled technique following their spontaneous breath until the defect was ligated. Hemodynamic was maintained stably in both patients during the operation. Full-term babies with normal birthweight and no other congenital anomalies are generally associated with a better prognosis.
Correlation between thorax computed tomography findings and clinical and laboratory data on patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Ergenc Ruken , Okray Deniz Gizem , Mutlu Uygar , Tanyeri Ahmet , Şahin Merve Nizam
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:

We investigated the correlation between computed tomography (CT) scores, laboratory findings, and clinical symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Clinical, laboratory, and thorax CT findings on the admission of 121 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively evaluated. CT scores based on lobe involvement and CT patterns (i.e., ground-glass abnormalities, consolidation, and crazy-paving patterns) were estimated, and the relationship between CT score and symptomatic (e.g. fever, cough) versus asymptomatic (e.g., inflammation, coagulation, liver and kidney function) clinical laboratory findings were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS:

Sixty-eight of 121 patients (56%) were symptomatic; 53 (44%) were asymptomatic. The CT scores of symptomatic patients, especially those with coughing and dyspnea, were statistically higher (2 [0–9] vs. 0 [0–1]; P< 0.001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, prothrombin time and alanine amino transferase values were correlated with CT scores (ρ = 0.638, P< 0.001, ρ = 0.512, P< 0.001; ρ = 0.325, P= 0.001; ρ = 0.452, P< 0.001; ρ = 0.525, P< 0.001; ρ = 0.379, P< 0.001; ρ = 0.445, P< 0.001; ρ = 0.332, P< 0.001, ρ = 0.296, P= 0.003; ρ = 0.222, P= 0.015, respectively). Albumin values were negatively correlated with CT scores (ρ = −0.398, P< 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

CT scores may help clinicians evaluate the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and thus help in managing the disease.
Lesion types, pathogenesis, pathological manifestations, and imaging findings of cardiovascular complications induced by coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Yu Feiran , Zhou Qimin , Yu Dexin
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has formed a worldwide pandemic trend. Despite the virus usually invades lungs and presents with various respiratory symptoms, it can also affect the cardiac function in multiple ways and result in high mortality. Various possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain these manifestations at present, including cytokine storm and direct invasion of the virus. There are a series of feasible schemes in clinical work to reduce the incidence of complications now, but the layered management of hospitalized patients, the early prevention, and the early detection of complications seem to be more important. Cardiac imaging examinations (such as computed tomography coronary angiography, magnetic resonance imaging multi-parameter scan, and enhanced scan, etc.) are very essential in these aspects. However, radiological data of the cardiac complications are not comprehensive enough in accessing the prognosis due to the limitation of examination. This paper summarized the imaging findings of cardiac complications of COVID-19, providing the possible morphological basis or hypothesis for cardiac multimode imaging by analyzing the pathological manifestations retrospectively.
Gender differences in under-reporting hiring discrimination in Korea: a machine learning approach
Authors: Yoon Jaehong , Kim Ji-Hwan , Chung Yeonseung , Park Jinsu , Sorensen Glorian , Kim Seung-Sup
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine gender differences in under-reporting hiring discrimination by building a prediction model for workers who responded “not applicable (NA)” to a question about hiring discrimination despite being eligible to answer.METHODS: Using data from 3,576 wage workers in the seventh wave (2004) of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, we trained and tested 9 machine learning algorithms using “yes” or “no” responses regarding the lifetime experience of hiring discrimination. We then applied the best-performing model to estimate the prevalence of experiencing hiring discrimination among those who answered “NA.” Under-reporting of hiring discrimination was calculated by comparing the prevalence of hiring discrimination between the “yes” or “no” group and the “NA” group.RESULTS: Based on the predictions from the random forest model, we found that 58.8% of the “NA” group were predicted to have experienced hiring discrimination, while 19.7% of the “yes” or “no” group reported hiring discrimination. Among the “NA” group, the predicted prevalence of hiring discrimination for men and women was 45.3% and 84.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a methodological strategy for epidemiologic studies to address the under-reporting of discrimination by applying machine learning algorithms.
La dialectométrisation de l’alf: presentation des premiers résultats
Authors: Goebl Hans
Published: November 2021

En 1981 (349), nous avons défini la DM par la formule suivante: "géographie linguistique + taxonomie numérique = DM". Il en appert qu'il s'agit d'une méthode quantitative qui vise, avec des méthodes empruntées aux mathématiques et à la statistique (plus précisément: à la classification ou taxonomie numérique), à découvrir, dans la totalité (ou presque) des données d'un atlas linguistique, des structures latentes restées cachees a 1'observation directe de l'oeil humain. Par cette finalité exploratoire, elle emboîte le pas à un grand nombre d'autres -métries telles que la psycho-, socio-, anthropo-, économétrie etc., avec lesquelles elle partage la mȇme orientation méthodique. La DM entretient en outre qes liens particuliers avec la géographie humaine (et aussi avec d'autres disciplines tournées vers la considération scientifique de l'espace). En denière analyse, l'intérȇt épistémologique de la DM consiste à élargir nos connaissances sur la genèse et le fonctionnement de l'aménagement linguistique de l'espace géographique par 1'homme.
In silico investigation of the mechanism of action of kojic acid effects via protein-protein interaction network
Authors: Wahab Awais , Murtaza Ghulam , Anam Hafsa , Wu Chuanhong
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the molecular mechanism of kojic acid by network pharmacology.Methods: This study was conducted by designing a protein-protein interaction network through the STITCH database and analyzing biological processes via Cytoscape plugin ClueGO.Results: A total of 19 protein targets of kojic acid including TYR, NOS3, NOS2, and NOS1 were found. The PPI network helped to understand the mode of action of kojic acid at a molecular level. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis resulted in the retrieval of 104 GO terms which were related to variousphysiological processes. GO analysis revealed that kojic acid might be involved in the regulation of several biological processes such as circadian gene expression and transcription initiation of RNA polymerase 2.Conclusion: The findings from this study reveal that the retrieved GO pathways are known to be involved in several diseases such as inflammation, cancer, aging, pigmentation, and melisma. Furthermore, these pathways are directly or indirectly related to kojic acid. Thus, this study has contributed to a better understanding of the mode of action of kojic acid.
Isoglycyrrhizin protects mouse lungs against acute respiratory distress syndrome via regulation of AMPK/Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Wang Jian , Peng Zhengliang , Huang Kailiang , Yin Jian , Feng Cheng , You Ting , Tan Weihua
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To study the effect of isoglycyrrhizin on LPS-mediated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a mouse model, as well as the associated mechanism of action.Methods: Ninety (90) wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups, viz, control, ARDS and isoglycyrrhizin groups. Pathological lesions in mice lungs were determined using H&E staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heme oxygenase (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), AMP- dependent protein kinase (AMPK), serine/threonine proteinkinase (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and Nrf2 were assayed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting, respectively.Results: The levels of mRNA and protein expressions of INO) and COX-2 were significantly upregulated in ARDS, when compared to control, but were markedly down-regulated by isoglycyrrhizin (p < 0.05). Similarly, exposure of ARDS mice to isoglycyrrhizin led to upregulations of mRNA and proteinlevels of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, GCLC, p-GSK3, GSK3, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-Akt and AKT (p < 0.05). Moreover, isoglycyrrhizin significantly downregulated p-IκB and Nucl-p65 with respect to protein and mRNA levels, but upregulated IκBα expression. Histopathological examination revealed that pretreatment of ARDS mice with isoglycyrrhizin significantly reduced the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells, edema and ARDS score (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Isoglycyrrhizin protects mouse lungs against ARDS via regulation of AMPK/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Thus, this compound has potential for use in the treatment of ARDS.
Niewidzialna infrastruktura Internetu – usługi chmurowe jako krytyczny element środowiska bezpieczeństwa. Przypadek Amazona
Authors: Gurtowski Maciej , Waszewski Jan
Published: November 2021

The invisible Internet infrastructure – cloud services as a critical element of the security environment. The Amazon case

The disruptions in cloud computing are an important aspect in the global security environment. An instrumental case study method has been used to analyse this problem. Two relevant examples are discussed which are typical of literature in the field. Firstly, the problem of the growing complexity of the cloud is described. One of the service outages of a global cloud provider is used as an example. It indicates that even relatively small failures might trigger a cascade effect and far-reaching breakdowns. Secondly, the suspension and – as the result of this suspension – the standstill of the social media company Parler is analysed. It is used as the example of the so-called vendor lock-in problem in cloud computing, which renders undisrupted migration to other vendors particularly hard – and at times even impossible. Aforementioned issues have been so far studied mostly from the perspective of the continuity of enterprises, cybersecurity, or privacy. The key phenomenon crucial for the global security environment is usually omitted, namely that the cloud computing has become “the Internet’s invisible infrastructure”.

Zakłócenia w działaniu chmury obliczeniowej są bardzo ważnym zjawiskiem z perspektywy globalnego środowiska bezpieczeństwa. W artykule przedstawiono analizę tego problemu, wykorzystując w tym celu metodę studium przypadków. Opisano dwa incydenty o daleko idących konsekwencjach, które jednocześnie są dość typowe dla prezentowanych w literaturze przedmiotu. Po pierwsze, na przykładzie jednej z awarii globalnego dostawcy usług chmurowych omówiono problem rosnącej złożoności usług tego typu. Sprawia ona, że nawet drobna awaria jednego z elementów chmury może wywołać efekty kaskadowe i zakłócenia pracy wielu podmiotów. Po drugie, na przykładzie zablokowania działania sieci społecznościowej Parler przeanalizowano problem uzależnienia się klientów od usług danego dostawcy chmury. To powiązanie powoduje, że niezakłócona migracja do innego dostawcy jest utrudniona, jeśli w ogóle możliwa. Oba wskazane problemy były dotychczas analizowane głównie z perspektywy zagrożeń przedsiębiorstw, np. pod kątem kontynuacji działalności, cyberbezpieczeństwa lub naruszeń prywatności. Pomijany był natomiast fakt, że usługi chmurowe stają się stopniowo niewidzialną infrastrukturą Internetu, co ma niebagatelne znaczenie dla środowiska bezpieczeństwa.
Wszczęcie postępowania karnego o przestępstwo umyślne ścigane z oskarżenia publicznego jako przesłanka zawieszenia funkcjonariusza Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego i Agencji Wywiadu w czynnościach służbowych
Authors: Gacek Paweł
Published: November 2021

Initiation of criminal proceedings in the case of intent offence subject to a public accusation as a prerequisite of suspending an officer of the Internal Security Agency and the Foreign Intelligence Agency

This paper is entirely devoted to the prerequisite of obligatory suspension of an officer of the Internal Security Agency or the Foreign Intelligence Agency. This regulation is included in the Article 58 sec. 1 of the Act on the Internal Security Agency and the Foreign Intelligence Agency. Suspension from official duties is obligatory in the event of an initiation of criminal proceedings in the case of an intent offence subjected to a public accusation. Therefore, attention was focused on the wording: “initiation of criminal proceedings in the case of intent offence prosecuted with public accusation against an officer of the International Security Agency and the Foreign Intelligence Agency” as a condition enabling the use of the legal construct included in Article 58 sec. 1 of the Act on the International Security Agency and the Foreign Intelligence Agency. This happens in a situation of changing the phase of preparatory proceedings in the criminal case prosecuted against an officer of the International Security Agency or the Foreign Intelligence Agency from in rem to ad personam, submitting subsidiary indictment to the court and reopening of the criminal proceedings.

Artykuł został poświęcony problematyce związanej z przesłanką obligatoryjnego zawieszenia funkcjonariusza ABW albo AW w czynnościach służbowych. Ta regulacja jest zawarta w art. 58 ust. 1 Ustawy z dnia 24 maja 2002 r. o Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego oraz Agencji Wywiadu. Zawieszenie w czynnościach służbowych jest obowiązkowe w przypadku wszczęcia postępowania karnego w sprawie o przestępstwo umyślne ścigane z oskarżenia publicznego. Uwagę skoncentrowano na sformułowaniu „wszczęcie postępowania karnego o przestępstwo umyślne ścigane z oskarżenia publicznego przeciwko funkcjonariuszowi ABW albo AW” jako na przesłance warunkującej zastosowanie konstrukcji prawnej zawartej w art. 58 ust. 1 ustawy o ABW i AW. Następuje to w sytuacji zmiany stadium postępowania przygotowawczego prowadzonego wobec funkcjonariusza ABW albo AW z in rem w ad personam, wniesienia subsydiarnego aktu oskarżenia do sądu, a także wznowienia postępowania karnego.
Typy uprzywilejowane przestępstwa korupcji wyborczej
Authors: Wojciechowski Jacek Michał
Published: November 2021

Mitigated forms of election corruption crimes

The article examines the problem of the type of mitigated crime of electoral corruption. The author discusses examples of behaviour enabling criminal qualification under Art. 250a § 3 of the Penal Code, as well as situations that do not allow the application of this regulation. He also considers the legitimacy of isolating a minor accident in the normative structure of the election corruption crime, as well as the proposed legislative changes in this regard.

Artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce typu uprzywilejowanego przestępstwa korupcji wyborczej. Autor omawia przykłady zachowań umożliwiających prawnokarną kwalifikację na podstawie art. 250a § 3 kk, a także sytuacje niepozwalające na zastosowanie tej regulacji. Przeprowadza również rozważania dotyczące zasadności wyodrębnienia wypadku mniejszej wagi w normatywnej konstrukcji przestępstwa korupcji wyborczej, jak też postulowanych w tym zakresie zmian legislacyjnych.
Maskowanie operacyjne (maskirowka) jako rosyjska zdolność zaskakiwania przeciwnika
Authors: Dąbrowska Izabela
Published: November 2021

Operational deception (Maskirovka) as a Russian capability to surprise the enemy

The aim of the article was to present the characteristics of operational deception used by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and to broaden the understanding of the evolution of operations using Maskirovka. Particular attention was paid to examples of its use in contemporary wars and armed conflicts - primarily in the conflict in Ukraine and in the Five-Day War in Georgia. The analysis led to an identification of trends regarding the use of deception in contemporary and future conflicts and activities other than war. It shows that the maskirovka will be increasingly used to achieve strategic goals and shape international opinion. One of the most important areas of its application will be cyberspace, enabling more effective disinformation and propaganda activities, including information warfare. Considering the dynamic development of technology and capabilities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the field of operational masking, it is justified to conduct further research in the Maskirovka area.

Keywords: deception, operational deception, disinformation, concealment, simulation, imitation, Maskirovka, The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, War in Georgia, Conflict in Ukraine.

Celem artykułu było przedstawienie charakterystyki maskowania operacyjnego stosowanego przez Siły Zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej oraz poszerzenie wiedzy na temat ewoluowania działań, w których stosuje się maskirowkę. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono przykładom jej wykorzystania we współczesnych wojnach i konfliktach zbrojnych – przede wszystkim w konflikcie na Ukrainie oraz w wojnie pięciodniowej w Gruzji. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy wskazano tendencje dotyczące posługiwania się maskirowką we współczesnych i przyszłych konfliktach oraz działaniach innych niż wojenne. Wynika z niej, że maskirowka będzie coraz częściej wykorzystywana do osiągania celów strategicznych oraz kształtowania opinii międzynarodowej. Jednym z najważniejszych obszarów jej stosowania stanie się cyberprzestrzeń, umożliwiająca skuteczniejsze prowadzenie działań dezinformacyjnych i propagandowych, w tym wojny informacyjnej. Ze względu na dynamiczny rozwój technologii, jak również potencjał Sił Zbrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej do działań z zakresu maskowania operacyjnego należy kontynuować badania dotyczące maskirowki.
Some cardinal characteristics related to the covering number and the uniformity of the meagre ideal
Authors: Sonpanow Nattapon , Vejjajiva Pimpen
Published: November 2021

We extend the concepts of splitting, reaping, and independent families to families of functions and permutations on ω and define associated cardinal characteristics sf , sp, rf , rp, if , and ip. We study relationships among cov(M), non(M), and these cardinals. In this paper, we show that sf = non(M) = sp, rf = cov(M) ≤ rp, and cov(M) ≤ if , ip.
Środki trwałe w publicznej i prywatnej ochronie zdrowia w latach 1999–2018
Authors: Kautsch Marcin , Piętak Edyta
Published: November 2021

Fixed assets in public and private healthcare in 1999-2018

The presented article deals with the subject of fixed assets in healthcare: their gross value, condition and degree of wear, broken down into the public and private sectors. Above the value grew extremely strongly in the analysed period, particularly impressive in private healthcare. The financing of this growth seems to have the largest share of funds obtained from EU and the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism as well as from public payer funds. The rate of increase of funds in healthcare from other public sources is significantly lower than, for example, the rate of GDP growth, which may indicate the withdrawal of state structures from healthcare financing. The increase in the degree of wear of fixed assets, which took place in the analysed period, may cause some concern.
PYMES Y DESARROLLO ESTRATÉGICO EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Zanella-Martínez Leonardo Mauricio , Macías-Ugalde Lexandra Tatiana , Balseca-Macías Paola Estefanía
Published: November 2021

La cultura organizacional ha sido un factor determinante en el éxito o fracaso en los procesos comerciales de cualquier organización. Numerosos son los estudios con referente a la cultura organizacional los cuales han evidenciado el efecto que tiene sobre el rendimiento de las actividades de las organizaciones. Ineludiblemente con el proceso del desarrollo estratégico se busca mantener un diálogo inmutable e indeleble con el consumidor, acorde con sus preferencias y necesidades. De este modo es como determinadas marcas se mantienen latentes tanto en la mente como en las elecciones de compra de los consumidores. Indiscutiblemente, el objetivo principal de esta tentativa radica en edificar el dinamismo con el consumidor, puesto que la responsabilidad de las empresas no se limita únicamente al proceso de venta. Dado que únicamente si se quiere crear una estructura sólida de consumidores recurrentes que aporten estabilidad a los ingresos de las empresas, resulta ineludible atender las necesidades de los consumidores.

Palabras clave: PYMES, desarrollo, cultura organizacional, empresa.
Graphical Method to Determine Sequence Variation on NA Protein of H5N1 Virus using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Saini Shiwani , Dewan Lillie
Published: November 2021

Influenza A virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and its genome is divided in eight distinct linear segments of negative-sense single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). Of all the eight influenza protein sequences, mutations in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins show significant variations in their sequences. The threat of Influenza pandemic is ever rising due to its constant antigenic drift. Thus there is a need to characterize the genomic information in these viruses and signal processing methods offer the advantage of faster analysis in comparison to conventional techniques. Genomic information is converted into digital form by representation of the nucleotide bases in the form of mathematical sequences. In this paper, sequence variations of H5N1 virus have been studied using wavelet transforms as a signal analysis technique. Nucleotide sequences of neuraminidase protein of influenza virus occurring in different regions, in different hosts and over different years have been downloaded from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Sequences are aligned and converted into mathematical sequences then transformed using wavelet transforms. Graphical representations of the transformed sequences have been used to localise the regions of mutations along the sequence length.
Deonyms in Hungarian dictionaries
Authors: Takács Judit
Published: November 2021

Tanulmányomban először azokat a tényezőket mutatom be, melyek a köznevesülés jelenségének egyértelmű meghatározását nehezítik, majd pedig megvizsgálom az apellativizációval létrejött közszói alakok szóközlésekben és szótárakban való eddigi meg jelenését, illetve a szócsoport azon jellegzetességeit, melyek az ily módon létrejött alakok szótárba szerkesztésekor nehézséget jelenthetnek. Vizsgálatom alapján úgy látom, hogy a köznevesült tulajdonnévi adatok megjelenése az egyes szótárakban igen esetleges: kiválogatásuk és értelmezésük, illetve a hozzájuk fűzött információk (köztük a tulajdonnévi eredet feltárása is) a szótár típusán és célján túl sok esetben a szerkesztő megítélésétől függ. A magyar köznevesült szóanyagot elsődlegesen leíró szempontból, értelmező szótárként lenne érdemes feldolgozni, ám a korpusz kialakítása során fontos a jövevényszavak és a magyar szóalkotás egyértelmű elkülönítése. Igen lényeges a köznevesült keresztnévi adatfeldolgozásokon kívül az egyéb névtípusok (helynevek, családnevek stb.) közszói származékainak bevonása és felmutatása, továbbá a források körének bővítése is.
Egy anyanyelvi mentorálással kapcsolatos projekt (nyelvi) tapasztalatairól
Authors: Jánk István
Published: November 2021

School closures caused by COVID-19 have brought disruptions to education all over the world, including Hungary as well. This is especially true for the education of disadvantaged children. Learning loss among these children was very high. Nevertheless, there were some activities, programmes which tried to solve the above-mentioned problem. One of these programmes was realized as a project at Eszterházy Károly University. The present study aims to introduce and highlight the experiences of this project related mainly to sociolinguistics and L1 education.
KKN Tematik: Pengembangan Manajemen Pemeliharaan Sapi Potong Pada Masyarakat Asli Papua Di Distrik Kebar Tambrauw
Authors: Supriyantono Andoyo , Widayati Trisiwi Wahyu , Ollong Abdul Rahman
Published: November 2021

Kebar memiliki padang penggembalaan yang sangat luas (1500 ha) akan tetapi tidak dikelola dengan baik dan hanya mampu menampung 2 ekor sapi potong dengan bobot badan 250 kg.  Pada tahun 2011, distrik ini ditetapkan sebagai kawasan lumbung ternak sapi potong dan kawasan sejuta ranch. Akan tetapi padang penggembalaan ini didominasi hijauan pakan dengan kualitas yang rendah sehingga menyebabkan rendahnya bobot badan sapi potong yang dicapai pada umur produktif.  Produktivitas sapi potong yang tidak maksimum juga disebabkan oleh rendahnya keterampilan masyarakat dalam pemeliharaan sapi potong yang baik dan benar.  Masyarakat belum memahami dengan benar bagaminana manajemen pemeliharaan sapi akibat adanya pergeseran budaya dari pemeliharaan ternak babi ke pemeliharaan ternak sapi potong.

Peningkatkan keterampilan peternak dalam memelihara sapi potong dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui kegiatan KKN tematik.  Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengintroduksikan hijauan unggul dengan teknik budidaya yang mudah, murah  dan ramah lingkungan.   

Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan positif dalam pemeliharaan sapi potong dari pola ekstensif menjadi semi intensif.  Petani target mulai membuat kandang dan menanam rumput unggul untuk kebutuhan pakan sapi potong.  Antusiasme masyarakat terhadap kegiatan penyuluhan, demplot dan pelatihan semakin meningkat dengan kehadiran petani dalam setiap kegiatan pendampingan.  Transfer pengetahuan antar petani juga dilakukan dari satu kampung ke kampung lain yang tidak terjangkau kegiatan KKN tematik.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Buah Pandan Tikar (Pandanus tectorius Park.) menjadi Tepung dan Cookies di Kampung Sidey Baru, Distrik Sidey, Manokwari
Authors: Paga' Bertha Ollin , Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Irbayanti Diana N. , Sampe Theresia Tina
Published: November 2021

Sidey Baru is one of the villages located in Manokwari Regency, near the beach and found Pandan Tikar (Pandanus tectorius Park.) plant, which has not been utilized. Pandan Tikar fruit contains good nutrition to be developed as a food ingredient that can increase the added value of the product. This community service activity aims to be able to increase community skills in processing pandan fruit into flour and its derivative products, to be able to meet family needs and can also be marketed to improve the community's economy. This community service activity was carried out in the form of direct training with the people of the village of Sidey Baru, especially women from the PKK organization, business groups, and village officials, with the hope that the community could produce flour and cookies from Pandan Tikar fruits in a sustainable manner so that it could help improve the community's economy. The training on making fruit flour and cookies from pandan mat fruit is very attractive to the people of Kampung Sidey Baru, because the raw materials are easy to obtain and made with simple technology. Overall, participants were able to take part in the training and material training well, so it is hoped that the knowledge and skills gained from the training can be enjoyed by other people. Efforts to increase the added value of Pandan tikar fruit into various highly competitive products can be realized through continuous guidance and assistance by Sidey village officials together with the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Papua.