bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female Genital Cutting: An Ancient Practice Embedded in an Ever-Evolving World
Authors: Borsand Marvin , Friedman Bryan , Mirzayan Nadine , Borsand Alexander
Published: November 2015

Female genital cutting (FGC), formerly known as female genital mutilation or circumcision, is a ritual that involves the partial or total removal of the external genitalia. Four categories of FGC have been described based on how much of the genitalia is removed. FGC has been associated with a myriad of health complications such as life-threatening bleeding during the cutting, chronic infection of the uterus and vagina, dysmenorrhea, and sterility. It is also likely to promote transmission of disease such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and urinary tract infections secondary to nonsterile equipment. Surgical correction of the external genitalia can be offered to these women in order to prevent depression, severe dysmenorrhea, infertility, frequent urinary tract infections, or retention cysts and abscesses that can progress to sepsis and death. Surgical correction also promotes women's health by allowing for routine PAP smears, hysteroscopies, transvaginal ultrasounds, and insertion of urinary catheters. FGC is practiced as a cultural ritual by ethnic groups in numerous countries in the Sub-Saharan and Northeast African regions and to a lesser extent in Asia, the Middle East, and within immigrant communities elsewhere. This case report discusses a Somalian woman who presents for reconstruction of her external genitalia following an experience with genital cutting in her native country. It is written in an effort to promote awareness and establish collaborations and exchange of expertise among medical personnel. This understanding will better enable the health care community to help these women restore their health, femininity, and empowerment.
The Circles of Prominence: Ideal Ratios That Determine the Basis of Facial Beauty
Authors: Young Philip A.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

To test a key ratio within the face that establishes a basic order thought to define facial beauty. The ratio is based on the distance between the horizontal level of the iris to the nasal tip, the nasal tip to the lower lip, and the lower lip to the menton.

Materials and Methods:

This was a subjective survey in which 27 pictures (3 variables with 3 values) were displayed to evaluators who would judge all of the pictures to assess their general attractiveness. To construct the pictures, we varied the distance between (1) the horizontal level of the iris, (2) the center of the nasal tip, (3) center of the lower lip, and (4) menton with the distance from the center of the iris to the midline fixed at 3 iris widths. These 3 distances were varied by 2, 3, or 4 iris widths. One hundred random patients (data not shown) from a head and neck surgery clinic were asked to place all of the photos in order from most aesthetically pleasing to least aesthetically pleasing. The rankings of all 100 patients/evaluators were averaged for each picture. Essentially, the lower the average, the more aesthetically pleasing the picture was thought to be by our test population. Because of the equivocal results from the first part of this study, we carried out another study placing the 2 most aesthetically pleasing pictures (pictures 5 and 14) from the first part of the study in another head-to-head study. In the second part of the study, we asked 127 patients from a facial plastic surgery office to judge whether picture 5 or 14 was the more attractive picture.

Results:

The first part of the study showed that 2 facial representations of picture 5 (average ranking 4.67) and picture 14 (average ranking 4.28) were determined to be the most aesthetically pleasing, where rank 1 was judged to be the most attractive. Statistically through permutation tests (P < .01), picture 14 (ratio 3, 3, 3) was shown to be more preferred over all pictures other than picture 5 (ratio 4, 3, 3). Picture 5 had a P = .2230. A Bonferroni correction showed that picture 14 was ranked No. 1 more often than picture 5, with P < .0011. In the head-to-head study, 88 people chose picture 14 and 39 chose picture 5. A 1-sample test of proportion showed that this was highly significant, showing that picture 14 was indeed the more pleasing picture (P < .01).

Conclusion:

The study supports the idea of the importance of the iris, nasal tip, and lower lip as the main objects used when people assess beauty within a face. When the distance between these objects are varied, the presence of beauty is also varied. Based on this study, when these elements are balanced equally between each other, this arrangement is found to be more beautiful. Statistically, we were able to show that picture 14 was judged to be the most attractive where the distances were all equal (3 iris widths). This study further supports the validity of the Circles of Prominence as a theory on facial beauty.
Modified Short-Scar Face-Lift: Technique, Pearls, and Outcomes
Authors: Wei Leslie A. , Goel Shubhra , Rose John G.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The modified small-incision face-lift is a safe, effective, minimally invasive way to treat facial rhytidosis in carefully selected patients. The purpose of this study is to describe a modified small-incision face-lift technique.

Materials and Methods:

Institutional review board– approved retrospective case series.

Results:

Twenty-six patients underwent a modified small-incision face-lift. The average age of the patients was 62.1 years. Two patients developed hypertrophic scarring requiring surgical revision. There were no other complications, including infection, wound dehiscence, or flap necrosis. Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high.

Conclusions:

The modified short-scar face-lift is a safe and effective procedure that can be done in the office with or without sedation and requires less recovery time than traditional face-lift techniques.
Combination Laser Resurfacing with Facial Plastic Surgery is Superior to Lasers Alone
Authors: Sorensen Robert H. , Connor Matthew P. , Lospinoso Joshua A. , Lospinoso Danielle J. , Barrera Jose E.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

This study was designed to demonstrate through validated objective wrinkle scales that the combining of facial plastic surgery with fractionated CO2 lasers in the perioperative setting is superior to CO2 laser only in the treatment of rhytidosis.

Materials and Methods:

Data were gathered and reviewed from 2 patient groups who were treated with either combined facial plastic surgery with fractionated CO2 lasers or laser-only therapy. Surgeries were performed by the senior author (J.E.B.) at a level 1 trauma center from July 2009 through May 2014. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were gathered for all patients and distributed in random order to a facial plastic surgeon and a dermatologist who objectively rated them. Both raters were blinded to patient data and treatment information. The study included 32 patients (30 females and 2 males). Nineteen patients received adjunctive fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing in the setting of facial plastic surgery; the second group consisting of 13 patients was treated with fractionated CO2 laser only. Surgeries performed included blepharoplasty, deep plane rhytidectomy, forehead rhytidectomy, submental liposuction, and rhinoplasty. Raters used validated scales to objectively assess the 2 patient groups. These included the Glogau, Fitzpatrick, and Modified Fitzpatrick scales. Numerical values were assigned to before and after pictures of patients in the frontal and profile views.

Results:

Patients treated with the combination of laser plus facial plastic surgery showed a greater decrease in wrinkles than patients treated with laser-only therapy (estimate = −0.78, P = .07) when evaluated with the Glogau scale. In addition, younger patients and patients with darker pigmentation showed a greater reduction in wrinkles compared with their counterparts (estimates negative, P values <.001).

Discussion:

A combined technique using facial plastic surgery in conjunction with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing is superior in treating rhytidosis in comparison to fractional CO2 laser-only treatment. This technique can be used safely in a wide range of patients and is convenient and cost-effective.
Lower Eyelid Synechia: A Complication of Periorbital CO2 Laser Resurfacing
Authors: Niamtu Joe
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Laser resurfacing of the lower eyelids is a popular option for rejuvenation. Lower eyelid synechia (adhesions) can occur with laser skin resurfacing, but literature searches for this topic failed to show any dedicated articles addressing this complication.

Materials and Methods:

The author routinely performs more than 120 procedures per year involving high-fluence, high-density, multipass CO2 laser skin resurfacing to the lower eyelids (which includes full-face and periorbital treatment combined). This article discusses the author's clinical experience dealing with lower eyelid synechiae. Health Insurance Portability and accountability Act guidelines as well as the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki regarding ethical principles for medical research were followed.

Results:

Lower eyelid synechiae are an uncommon complication in the reepithelialization phase of laser resurfacing. If recognized and treated early, permanent tissue adhesion is rare; if allowed to totally reepithelialize; however, permanent deformity may occur.

Conclusion:

Laser resurfacing remains a popular option for rhytid effacement, skin tightening, and dyschromia improvement of the lower eyelids whether performed as an isolated procedure or as part of full-face laser resurfacing. Lower eyelid synechiae are an uncommon but potential complication that can lead to permanent disfigurement if not diagnosed and treated early in the healing period after laser treatment. All physicians and staff that perform laser resurfacing should be familiar with the early diagnosis and early treatment of lower eyelid synechiae.
Preoperative Intravenous Acetaminophen Improves Recovery Time after Abdominoplasty
Authors: Murray Matthew , Haiavy Jacob
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Abdominoplasty can be a major and difficult procedure for patients. They can have prolonged postoperative pain and difficulty moving and eating. These difficulties can increase the time patients are in the postoperative unit, increase costs, and decrease overall patient satisfaction. This retrospective study compared the recovery time for patients who did and patients who did not receive intravenous (IV) acetaminophen before abdominoplasty.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven patients were randomly selected for the study. The 12 patients chosen as a control group were given a standard pain regimen without IV acetaminophen. Fifteen patients were given the standard pain regimen, including preoperative IV acetaminophen. The total time in the postanesthesia care unit was recorded from entry to the area to the patients' leaving the facility. The Aldrete score was used for discharge criteria, and the time was recorded once the patient scored 10 out of 10 and had good pain control.

Results:

The average recovery time for the control group was 117 minutes. The average recovery time for the IV. acetaminophen group was 83 minutes for an improvement in discharge time of 34 minutes. The number of patients discharged from the facility within 90 minutes of arriving in the postoperative care unit increased from 33% to 73%.

Conclusions:

Compared with patients given standard medical therapy, patients in the preoperative IV acetaminophen group improved discharge times, and more patients were discharged within 90 minutes of arriving in the postoperative care unit.
Evaluation and Excision of Firm, Immobile Forehead Masses
Authors: Brumm John David , Paul Benjamin C. , Miller Philip J.
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The differential diagnosis of a firm, immobile lesion of the forehead includes more than just osteoma. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging may alter surgical precautions and reduce the complications to allow for a minimally invasive approach.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective case series of a single, private facial plastic surgeon in New York, New York, of patients evaluated for a firm, immobile forehead mass. The impact of CT scan on diagnosis and treatment was analyzed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, recurrences, and patient satisfaction were recorded.

Results:

Nineteen patients (age range = 19–66 years; mean age = 36 years) presented with one or more firm, immobile forehead masses measuring <4 cm. Before 2011, preoperative CT evaluation was not routinely performed; during this period, 5 patients underwent excision of presumed osteomas with no complications. In 2011, patient 6 was found to have an intradiploic hemangioma on outside CT scan. From 2011 to 2014, preoperative CT was recommended (n = 13) to confirm osteoma. Ultimately, our series (n = 19) revealed 17 osteomas (16 patients), 1 intradiploic hemangioma, 1 pneumosinus dilitans, and 1 compact lipoma. Follow-up (mean = 3 months) did not reveal any complications. All patients reported high satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome, and there was no recurrence or need for revision surgery.

Conclusions:

The differential diagnosis of a firm, immobile forehead mass includes various pathologies of the scalp and calvarium. Though these masses are most commonly osteomas, other pathologies may present similarly. Preoperative CT scans without contrast can distinguish these unexpected etiologies. With proper evaluation and diagnosis, minimally invasive excision may be performed with excellent results.
Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Injectable Fillers: Italian Technique for Reshaping the Tip of the Nose
Authors: Amore Roberto , Donnamaria Daniele , Marini Fabio , Amuso Domenico , Leonardi Vincenza , Di Vito Francesco Milena
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The rhino filler is a relatively recent complementary technique to rhinoplasty. The filler provides good results in certain selected cases, camouflaging irregularities of the dorsum and tip. This study aims to evaluate the Italian technique for the modification of the tip, a seemingly trivial but very effective technique. In selected cases, it is possible to successfully modify the tip of the nose using a simple double injection of filler within a few seconds.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 212 subjects were treated with filler in a single session. The patients were carefully selected, and each presented to varying degrees and in different ways with the tip of the nose projected and/or turned downward. The goal of the treatment is to provide greater projection and an upward lift of the tip. Follow-up visits evaluated the result, degree of patient satisfaction, and adverse reactions.

Results:

Of the patients, 79.2% claimed to be completely satisfied, 11.3% moderately satisfied, and 9.5% had no observable improvement. When evaluated photographically, 92.4% demonstrated improvement.

Discussion:

The technique has inherent limitations. It cannot change the structure of bone or cartilage, and it can correct only with an increase. For this reason, it is essential to select patients carefully. This study reported no major adverse events, and this is encouraging.

Conclusions:

This technique standardizes the reshaping of the tip with injectable fillers, reducing the number of injections to 2 boluses, by becoming a safer treatment, easier carrying, quick, well tolerated, economical, durable, and with maximum results.
Musculocutaneous Neuropathy Following Insertion of Cosmetic Silicone Biceps Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Simon Jeremy , McAuliffe Matthew , Vuong Nancy , Armstrong Joshua , Beredjiklian Pedro K.
Published: November 2015

This is a case report of a 40-year-old man who underwent bilateral cosmetic biceps implantation, developed pain, and had the implants removed. He then developed weakness and numbness in the left arm and was subsequently found to have musculocutaneous neuropathy by electromyography and ultrasound. After failing to respond to conservative care and having ongoing weakness, the patient underwent a neurolysis and debridement of the musculocutaneous nerve. Subsequently, he regained full function and use of the left upper limb. This case report brings attention to musculocutaneous neuropathy as a potential complication of cosmetic bicipital implantation surgery.
Infection Rates Comparing Topical Antibiotic versus Antibiotic-Free Ointment in Blepharoplasty Surgery
Authors: Alford Mark
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of postoperative surgical-site infections following blepharoplasty by comparing patients using topical antibiotic ointment and those using topical lubricating ointment without antibiotic.

Materials and Methods:

In an observational, cohort study, 2 similar groups of patients were evaluated for rates of allergic reactions and postoperative infections. For 15 months, 384 consecutive patients, (171 men, 213 women; age range = 38 to 87 years; mean age = 69.2 years), underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Postoperatively, patients applied bacitracin ophthalmic ointment twice a day for 7 days. Patients with a known allergy to bacitracin were excluded. For the subsequent 9 months, a second cohort of 158 patients, (64 men, 94 women; age range = 30 to 96 years; mean age= 69.3 years) used sterile Refresh PM ophthalmic ointment twice a day for 7 days. All patients had surgery at 1 of 2 fully accredited surgery centers. Both cohorts underwent identical betadine preparations, and all procedures were performed under sterile conditions with full gloves, gowns, and drapes. Surgical technique, instruments, and suture materials were consistent in both groups. Patients were seen 1 week following surgery.

Results:

In the bacitracin group, 14 of 384 (3.65%) patients had an allergic reaction to the ointment characterized by bilateral erythema, swelling, and itching without any evidence of purulent material along the incision line. In 1 patient (0.26%) a positive culture indicated infection with a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus species. In the group using Refresh PM, 10 of 158 (6.3%) patients had a culture-positive surgical-site infection characterized by erythema and purulent material along the incisions. All but 1 infection was bilateral. All cultures grew community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The study was discontinued in light of the high incidence of infection.

Conclusions:

In these very similar age-matched cohorts, a lower rate of infection (P < .001) was identified in patients using topical antibiotic ointment postoperatively.
Autologous Fat Grafting for Breast Augmentation in Patients after Implant Removal
Authors: Chiu Cheng Hung
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Patients diagnosed with symptomatic capsular contracture or with safety concerns for the implant are often reluctant to accept the operation of implant exchange, choosing instead removal without exchange or taking other options to rebuild their breasts. These patients may benefit from augmenting the overlying soft tissue of the breasts with autologous fat grafting (AFG) after removing the prosthesis if the aesthetic appearance of their breasts is an issue. A retrospective analysis of patients receiving AFG for breast augmentation after implant removal was performed. The outcomes in these patients were compared with those of the patients receiving AFG for breast augmentation as their first breast surgery during the same period.

Materials and Methods:

Between March 2011 and November 2013, 27 patients receiving AFG after breast implant removal (BIR) were assigned to group A and 325 patients who underwent AFG for breast augmentation without preexisting implant by the same surgeon were assigned to group B. Objective evaluation was made by measuring the change in the difference of breast circumference (BCD) and breast thickness measured by ultrasonography taken before and after the treatment. Aesthetic evaluation was performed using a 5-point Likert-type scale for patient satisfaction and comparing preoperative and postoperative digital photographs for physician satisfaction.

Results:

Relative to group B, patients in group A were older and had higher complication rates, including infection, fat necrosis, indurations, and calcifications (P < .05). The changes in BCD and breast thickness between the 2 groups were of no clinical significance. The reoperation rate in group A was significantly higher (P < .05).

Conclusions:

The number of postoperative complications of AFG for breast augmentation was found to be higher in patients after BIR. The optimal timing of AFG in the patients after BIR should be further studied if 2-stage augmentation with fat grafting is to be performed. Reoperation with fat grafting to the breasts should be considered if patients expect to have the original volume of their breasts restored.
“Umbilicosliding” or Repositioning of the Navel during or after Abdominal Liposuction to Prevent or Correct the “Sad Umbilicus” Appearance
Authors: Blugerman Guillermo , Schavelzon Diego , Wexler Gabriel , Lotocky Marcelo
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

The umbilical scar is the only scar that is culturally accepted and whose dysmorphia or absence catches people's attention. Studies have discussed numerous umbilicus reconstruction techniques but not any for repositioning the umbilicus during or after liposuction. In this study, we will introduce a technique called “umbilicosliding” that is used to prevent or correct a defect known as the “sad umbilicus” without visible scarring.

Method:

A retrospective study was conducted from 2010 to 2014 in which 32 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed by two plastic surgeons that were not on the team at the time of the procedures. Patients were recalled and surveyed about results.

Results:

The external assessment of aesthetic outcome by photographic results were 31% (n = 10) excellent, 47% (n = 15) good, 22% (n = 7) regular, and 0% bad. Recalled patients assessed the aesthetic outcome at 25% (n = 8) excellent, 66% (n = 21) good, 9% (n — 3) regular, and 0% bad.
Use of video surveillance to measure the influences of habitat management and landscape composition on pollinator visitation and pollen deposition in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) agroecosystems
Authors: Phillips Benjamin W. , Gardiner Mary M.
Published: November 2015

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) production relies on insect-mediated pollination, which is provided by managed and wild pollinators. The goals of this study were to measure the visitation frequency, longevity and temporal activity patterns of pumpkin pollinators and to determine if local habitat management and landscape composition affected this pollination service. We used video surveillance to monitor bee acitivty within male and female pumpkin flowers in 2011 and 2012 across a pollination window of 0600–1200 h. We also quantified the amount of pollen deposited in female flowers across this time period. In 2011,A. melliferamade significantly more floral visits than other bees, and in 2012Bombus spp. was the dominant pumpkin pollinator. We found variation in visitation among male and female pumpkin flowers, withA. melliferavisiting female flowers more often and spending longer per visit within them than male flowers in both 2011 and 2012. The squash beeP. pruinosavisited male flowers more frequently in 2012, but individuals spent equal time in both flower sexes. We did not find variation in the timing of flower visitation among species across the observed pollination window. In both 2011 and 2012 we found that the majority of pollen deposition occurred within the first two hours (0600–0800 h) of observation; there was no difference between the pollen deposited during this two-hour period and full pollination window (0600–1200 h). Local additions of sweet alyssum floral strips or a field buffer strip of native wildflowers did not have an effect on the foraging activity of bees or pollen deposition. However, semi-natural and urban habitats in the surrounding landscape were positively correlated with the frequency of flower visitation by wild pollinators and the amount of pollen deposited within female flowers.
Characterization of the salivary microbiome in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Torres Pedro J. , Fletcher Erin M. , Gibbons Sean M. , Bouvet Michael , Doran Kelly S. , Kelley Scott T.
Published: November 2015

Clinical manifestations of pancreatic cancer often do not occur until the cancer has undergone metastasis, resulting in a very low survival rate. In this study, we investigated whether salivary bacterial profiles might provide useful biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer. Using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, we characterized the salivary microbiota of patients with pancreatic cancer and compared them to healthy patients and patients with other diseases, including pancreatic disease, non-pancreatic digestive disease/cancer and non-digestive disease/cancer. A total of 146 patients were enrolled at the UCSD Moores Cancer Center where saliva and demographic data were collected from each patient. Of these, we analyzed the salivary microbiome of 108 patients: 8 had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, 78 with other diseases and 22 were classified as non-diseased (healthy) controls. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were amplified directly from salivary DNA extractions and subjected to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Several bacterial genera differed in abundance in patients with pancreatic cancer. We found a significantly higher ratio ofLeptotrichiatoPorphyromonasin the saliva of patients with pancreatic cancer than in the saliva of healthy patients or those with other disease (Kruskal–Wallis Test;P< 0.001).Leptotrichiaabundances were confirmed using real-time qPCR withLeptotrichiaspecific primers. Similar to previous studies, we found lower relative abundances ofNeisseriaandAggregatibacterin the saliva of pancreatic cancer patients, though these results were not significant at theP< 0.05 level (K–W Test;P= 0.07 andP= 0.09 respectively). However, the relative abundances of other previously identified bacterial biomarkers, e.g.,Streptococcus mitisandGranulicatella adiacens, were not significantly different in the saliva of pancreatic cancer patients. Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that bacteria abundance profiles in saliva are useful biomarkers for pancreatic cancer though much larger patient studies are needed to verify their predictive utility.
First description of underwater acoustic diversity in three temperate ponds
Authors: Desjonquères Camille , Rybak Fanny , Depraetere Marion , Gasc Amandine , Le Viol Isabelle , Pavoine Sandrine , Sueur Jérôme
Published: November 2015

The past decade has produced an increased ecological interest in sonic environments, or soundscapes. However, despite this rise in interest and technological improvements that allow for long-term acoustic surveys in various environments, some habitats’ soundscapes remain to be explored. Ponds, and more generally freshwater habitats, are one of these acoustically unexplored environments. Here we undertook the first long term acoustic monitoring of three temperate ponds in France. By aural and visual inspection of a selection of recordings, we identified 48 different sound types, and according to the rarefaction curves we calculated, more sound types are likely present in one of the three ponds. The richness of sound types varied significantly across ponds. Surprisingly, there was no pond-to-pond daily consistency of sound type richness variation; each pond had its own daily patterns of activity. We also explored the possibility of using six acoustic diversity indices to conduct rapid biodiversity assessments in temperate ponds. We found that all indices were sensitive to the background noise as estimated through correlations with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, we determined that theARindex could be a good candidate to measure acoustic diversities using partial correlations with the SNR as a control variable. Yet, research is still required to automatically compute the SNR in order to apply this index on a large data set of recordings. The results showed that these three temperate ponds host a high level of acoustic diversity in which the soundscapes were variable not only between but also within the ponds. The sources producing this diversity of sounds and the drivers of difference in daily song type richness variation both require further investigation. Such research would yield insights into the biodiversity and ecology of temperate ponds.
Prehospital Pulse-Dose Glucocorticoid in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Madsen Jasmine Melissa , Engstrøm Thomas , Obling Laust Emil Roelsgaard , Zhou Yan , Nepper-Christensen Lars , Beske Rasmus Paulin , Vejlstrup Niels Grove , Bang Lia Evi , Hassager Christian , Folke Fredrik , Kyhl Kasper , Andersen Lars Bredevang , Christensen Helle Collatz , Rytoft Laura , Arslani Ketina , Holmvang Lene , Pedersen Frants , Ahlehoff Ole , Jabbari Reza , Barfod Charlotte , Hougaard Mikkel , Minkkinen Mikko , Tilsted Hans-Henrik , Sørensen Rikke , Lønborg Jacob Thomsen
Published: August 2024

Importance

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute inflammation is related to the extent of myocardial damage and may increase infarct size. Thus, administration of pulse-dose glucocorticoid in the very early phase of infarction may reduce infarct size.

Objective

To determine the cardioprotective effect of prehospital pulse-dose glucocorticoid in patients with STEMI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a 1:1 investigator-initiated, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted between November 14, 2022, and October 17, 2023, with last follow-up on January 17, 2024. Patients 18 years and older with less than 12 hours of acute chest pain and STEMI were included in the prehospital setting throughout the Region Zealand and Capital Region of Denmark and transferred to Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

Intervention

Patients were randomly allocated to intravenous glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone, 250 mg) or placebo in the prehospital setting.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was final infarct size on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 3 months. The power calculation was based on an anticipated final infarct size of 13%. Secondary outcomes included CMR outcomes on acute scan and at 3 months, peak of cardiac biomarkers, clinical end points at 3 months, and adverse events.

Results

Of 530 included patients (median [IQR] age, 65 [56-75] years; 418 male [78.9%]) with STEMI, 401 (76%) were assessed for the primary outcome, with 198 patients treated with glucocorticoid and 203 with placebo. Median final infarct size was similar in the treatment groups (glucocorticoid, 5%; IQR, 2%-11% vs placebo, 6%; IQR, 2%-13%; P = .24). Compared with placebo, the glucocorticoid group had smaller acute infarct size (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-1.00), less microvascular obstruction (relative risk ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.99), and greater acute left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference, 4.44%; 95% CI, 2.01%-6.87%). Other secondary outcomes were similar in both groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In patients with STEMI, treatment with prehospital pulse-dose glucocorticoid did not reduce final infarct size after 3 months. However, the trial was likely underpowered as the final infarct size was smaller than anticipated. The glucocorticoid group had improved acute parameters compared with placebo.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05462730
Advancements in Current Collectors for Composite Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Shujing , Pan Chen , Wang Qianlong , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu
Published: August 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted great attention as next‐generation high‐energy‐density storage systems due to the high theoretical energy density and low redox potential of Li metal. However, the safety concerns and poor cycle life are hindering the commercialization of Li metal batteries. Combination of Li metal and current collectors to regulate Li plating/stripping behaviors is an effective strategy to address these issues. In this review, the recent advances in the current collectors for composite Li metal anodes are summarized, including construction interfacial protective layers on current collectors, fabrication and utilization of 3D current collectors, and improving the surface lithiophilicity for current collectors. Finally, perspectives of the current limitations and the future research directions are also presented.
Nanoporous Conjugated Polymer Aerogel Films for High‐Performance Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Gu Puzhong , Yang Xiao , Sun Zejun , Lu Linlin , Liang Xing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Deng Zhiying , Liu Muxiang , Zu Guoqing , Huang Jia
Published: August 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) possess low operating voltage and excellent amplification capability and show promising applications in biosensors and flexible electronics. However, the active layers of OECTs are usually dense films, which show limited ion penetration/transport, resulting in limited performances of OECTs. Here, unprecedented high‐performance flexible multifunctional OECTs based on nanoporous (mainly 2–60 nm), high‐specific‐surface‐area (255–281 m2 g−1), and flexible conjugated polymer aerogel films are developed. The nanoporous structures effectively facilitate ion penetration/transport, leading to significantly enhanced transconductance (48.5–53.5 mS) and on/off ratio (6.4 × 104) of the OECTs compared with those of dense devices. The resulting OECT‐based glucose sensors exhibit an ultralow detection limit of 1 pm, approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of the previously reported OECT glucose sensors, and an ultrabroad detection range of 1 pm–5 m. They can detect trace amounts of glucose in sweat, serum, saliva, and urine in real time. Moreover, the OECTs can be used for high‐performance flexible artificial synapses and electrocardiogram monitoring. This work provides a powerful strategy toward highly sensitive biosensors, artificial synapses, and electrophysiological signal monitoring.
Molecular Design Leveraging Non‐Covalent Interactions for Efficient Light‐Emitting Organic Small Molecules
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Shin Giwon , Park Taiho , Kim Minjun
Published: August 2024

Light‐emitting organic small molecules require high internal and external quantum efficiencies with excellent radiative characteristics for their potential application in next‐generation optoelectronics. Nonetheless, achieving high efficiency in solid states remains a formidable challenge, primarily owing to the non‐radiative processes. Therefore, conformational modulation in solid states is pivotal in influencing emission properties to mitigate non‐radiative decay. Notably, modifying intra‐ and intermolecular non‐covalent interactions (NCIs) is a promising strategy that can simultaneously realize rigidity and stabilization of flexible single bonds, thus suppressing reorganization energy associated with non‐radiative decay. Consequently, considerable emission enhancement is attainable through adept manipulation of NCIs, corresponding to systems ranging from single molecules to multimolecular networks in solid states. This review systematically summarizes and analyzes the influence of diverse NCIs in efficient light‐emitting organic small molecules. The effects of NCIs on single‐and multimolecular‐systems are discussed, based on the fundamentals of light emission mechanism and the correlation between molecular design strategy and photophysical properties. Additionally, strategic perspectives are provided for the advancement of future light‐emitting organic small molecules. Therefore, this review serves as a comprehensive molecular design library, providing an up‐to‐date overview of molecular design leveraging NCIs for efficient light‐emitting organic small molecules.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Deoxygenative Annulation of 2‐Acylazobenzenes to Access N2,C3‐Disubstituted 2H‐Indazoles
Authors: Chu Haoke , Liu Quanyun , Shen Mei‐Hua , Xu Hua‐Dong
Published: August 2024

A molybdenum‐catalyzed synthesis of N2,C3‐disubstituted 2H‐indazoles from readily available 2‐acylazobenzenes via deoxygenation of C=O and annulation has been described. The non‐noble metal catalytic system has good tolerance of functional groups, and various N2,C3‐disubstituted 2H‐indazoles have been constructed in 24% to 99% yield. This reaction is easy to scale‐up and has shown its applications in deriving valuable fluorescent and bioactive compounds. The plausible mechanism shows the plausible processes of molybdenum‐catalyzed deoxygenative annulation.
Unraveling the Trade‐Off Between Oxygen Vacancy Concentration and Ordering of Perovskite Oxides for Efficient Lattice Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Lin‐Bo , Tang Yu‐Feng , Liu Shuo , Yu Mulin , Sun Yifei , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li , Liu Subiao
Published: August 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over perovskite oxides, upon undergoing a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, is strongly oxygen vacancy‐correlated as determined by the oxygen ion diffusivity. Despite substantial efforts having been devoted to tuning the oxygen vacancy concentration in perovskite oxides, the impact of the concomitant altering of oxygen vacancy ordering is often underestimated. In particular, the underlying mechanism of how the ordering and the concentration of oxygen vacancy affect the lattice OER, and how to well balance them still remain inadequately understood. Herein, a series of Sr1−xCaxCo0.5Fe0.5O3−δ with gradually increased oxygen vacancy concentration and ordering are synthesized. Theoretical calculations indicated that a higher oxygen vacancy concentration promoted the lattice oxygen migration, whereas a higher oxygen vacancy ordering impeded it. Particularly, Sr0.5Ca0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3−δ with a relatively higher oxygen vacancy concentration and a lower ordering displayed the maximum oxygen diffusion rate and the optimal OER activity, affording a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a quite low overpotential of 310.2 mV, together with a small Tafel slope of 55.87 mV dec−1. This study sheds light on the critical influence of oxygen vacancy configuration on the lattice OER, and paves a compromised avenue to screen and design advanced electrocatalysts for various electrochemical devices.
Development of Zn doping Fe‐Pd bifunctional mesh‐type catalyst for heterogeneous electro‐Fenton system
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Xie Wenbin , Ma Tianen , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2024

The Fe‐Pd bifunctional heterogeneous electro‐Fenton catalyst is an attractive option for the degradation of phenol wastewater. However, the catalyst faces issues such as inadequate yield of H2O2 on the Pd species and poor durability. In this study, we developed a bifunctional Fe‐Pd catalyst with Zn embedded into a mesh‐type γ‐Al2O3/Al support (ZnxFePd/γ‐Al2O3/Al). The characterization results indicate that the addition of Zn can improve the dispersion of the Pd component on the catalyst surface and promote the crystallization of Fe3O4. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Zn doping reduces the activation energy of the rate‐controlled step and promotes the desorption of products and intermediates in H2O2 synthesis. The reaction kinetics model was proposed. Furtherly, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the phenol degradation pathways. The selected Zn1.4FePd/γ‐Al2O3/Al catalyst achieved a degradation rate of 98.8% for phenol. The degradation rate remained above 85% after seven cycles.
Evaluation of antibiofilm agents for treatment of cystic fibrosis‐related chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Uyttebroek Saartje , Dupont Lieven , Wagemans Jeroen , Lavigne Rob , Merabishvili Maya , Coenye Tom , Van Gerven Laura
Published: August 2024

Key points

Treatment of cystic fibrosis‐related chronic rhinosinusitis should target sinonasal biofilms.

NaHCO3 salts with/without xylitol have limited antibiofilm properties, whereas rhDNAse has not.

Phage effectivity varies and depends on the phage and the combination with antibiotics.
Atomically Precise Ternary Cluster: Polyoxometalate Cluster Sandwiched by Gold Clusters Protected by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Chen Ren , Ma Xiao‐Hong , Luo Peng , Gong Chun‐Hua , Sun Jun‐Jun , Si Yu‐Bing , Dong Xi‐Yan , Pan Fangfang , Zang Shuang‐Quan
Published: August 2024

Coinage metal (Au, Ag, Cu) cluster and polyoxometalate (POM) cluster represent two types of subnanometer “artificial atoms” with significant potential in catalysis, sensing, and nanomedicine. While composite clusters combining Ag/Cu clusters with POM have achieved considerable success, the assembly of gold clusters with POM is still lagging. Herein, we first designedly synthesized two cluster structural units: an Au3O cluster stabilized by diverse N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and an amine‐terminated POM linker. The subsequent reaction involved amine substitution in the POM linker for the central O atom in the Au3O cluster, resulting in the first ternary composite cluster—a POM cluster sandwiched by two Au clusters protected by NHCs. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and other characteristic methods characterized their atomically precise structures. Furthermore, altering the NHC ligands decreased the number of gold atoms in the sandwich structures, accompanying the different protonated degrees of amine ligand in the terminal end of the POM linker. These composite clusters showed excellent performances in catalytic H2O2 conversion through the synergistic effect between gold clusters and POM clusters. This work opens a new avenue to functional composite metal clusters and would promote their enhanced catalysis applications through intercluster synergistic interactions within composite systems.
Scalable Production of Thin and Durable Practical Li Metal Anode for High‐Energy‐Density Batteries
Authors: Xia Shuixin , Li Chenrui , Yuwono Jodie A. , Wang Yuehua , Wang Cheng , Li Mingnan , Zhang Xun , Yang Junhe , Mao Jianfeng , Zheng Shiyou , Guo Zaiping
Published: August 2024

Utilization of thin Li metal is the ultimate pathway to achieving practical high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries (LMBs), but its practical implementation has been significantly impeded by formidable challenges of poor thinning processability, severe interphase instability and notorious dendritic Li growth. Here we report a practical thin (10–40 μm) Li/Mo/Li2Se with concurrently modulated interphase and mechanical properties, achieved via a scalable mechanical rolling process. The in situ generated Li2Se and Mo not only enhance the mechanical strength enabling the scalable fabrication of thin Li metal, but also promote homogeneous Li electrodeposition. Significantly, the Li/Mo/Li2Se demonstrates ultrahigh‐rate performance (15 mA cm−2) and ultralong‐lifespan cycling sustainability (2700 cycles) with exceptional anti‐pulverization capability. The Li|LiFePO4 cells show substantially prolonged cyclability over 1200 cycles with an ultralow decay rate of ~0.01 % per cycle. Moreover, the Li|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 pouch cells deliver enhanced cycling stability even under the extremely harsh conditions of low negative‐to‐positive‐capacity (N/P) ratio of ~1.2 and lean electrolyte of ~0.95 g Ah−1, showing an exceptional energy density of 329.2 Wh kg−1. This work sheds light on facile pathway for scalable production of durable thin Li metal anode toward reliable practicability.
Design of Stable Chiral Aminosulfonium Ylides and Their Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Bao Wen , Wang Xu‐Jie , Wang Shao‐Hua , Chen Shi‐Wu , Liu Huan‐Huan , Xiang Shao‐Hua , Tan Bin
Published: August 2024

The isolation and catalytic enantioselective synthesis of configurationally stable S‐stereogenic sulfonium ylides have been significant challenges in the field of asymmetric synthesis. These reactive intermediates are crucial for a variety of synthetic transformations, yet their inherent tendency towards rapid inversion at the sulfur stereocenter has hindered their practical utilization. Conventional approaches have focused on strategies that incorporate a C=S bond‐containing cyclic framework to help mitigate this stereochemical lability. In this work, we present an alternative tactic that leverages the stabilizing influence of an adjacent N‐atom and cyclic sulfide moiety. Exploiting a copper catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carbene transfer reaction, structurally diverse S‐stereogenic aminosulfonium ylides have been achieved in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Experimental results indicate that the careful selection of 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diketone precursors is crucial for achieving optimal stereoinduction in this transformation. The resulting highly enantioenriched aminosulfonium ylides allow for further stereospecific elaborations to furnish aminosulfonium ylide oxides and sulfinamide. This work expands the boundaries of chiral sulfonium ylide chemistry, providing access to a broad range of previously elusive S‐stereogenic aminosulfonium ylide scaffolds.
Nuclease‐Resistant L‐DNA Tension Probes Enable Long‐Term Force Mapping of Single Cells and Cell Consortia
Authors: Sethi Soumya , Xu Tao , Sarkar Aritra , Drees Christoph , Jacob Claire , Walther Andreas
Published: August 2024

DNA‐based tension probes with precisely programmable force responses provide important insights into cellular mechanosensing. However, their degradability in cell culture limits their use for long‐term imaging, for instance, when cells migrate, divide, and differentiate. This is a critical limitation for providing insights into mechanobiology for these longer‐term processes. Here, we present DNA‐based tension probes that are entirely designed based on the stereoisomer of biological D‐DNA, i.e., L‐DNA. We demonstrate that L‐DNA tension probes are essentially indestructible by nucleases and provide days‐long imaging without significant loss in image quality. We also show their superiority already for short imaging times commonly used for classical D‐DNA tension probes. We showcase the potential of these resilient probes to image minute movements, and for generating long term force maps of single cells and of collectively migrating cell populations.
Shotgun Sequencing of 512‐mer Copolyester Allows Random Access to Stored Information
Authors: Jang Heejeong , Chu Hyunseon , Noh Hyojoo , Kim Kyoung Taek
Published: August 2024

Digital information encoded in polymers has been exclusively decoded by mass spectrometry. However, the size limit of analytes in mass spectrometry restricts the storage capacity per chain. In addition, sequential decoding hinders random access to the bits of interest without full‐chain sequencing. Here we report the shotgun sequencing of a 512‐mer sequence‐defined polymer whose molecular weight (57.3 kDa) far exceeds the analytical limit of mass spectrometry. A 4‐bit fragmentation code was implemented at aperiodic positions during the synthetic encoding of 512‐bit information without affecting storage capacity per chain. Upon activating the fragmentation code, the polymer chain splits into 18 oligomers, which could be individually decoded by tandem‐mass sequencing. These sequences were computationally reconstructed into a full sequence using an error‐detection method. The proposed sequencing method eliminates the storage limit of a single polymer chain and allows random access to the bits of interest without full‐chain sequencing.