bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video-based long-term follow up of musician’s dystonia in pianists reveals similar improvements following different treatment strategies: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gründahl Julius , Großbach Michael , Altenmuller Eckart
Published: March 2021

Background Musician’s Dystonia (MD) is characterised by impaired or complete loss of fine motor control in extensively trained movements at the instrument. In pianists, it frequently leads to involuntary flexion or extension of one or more fingers. Treatment remains challenging, although local injections with Botulinum toxin, anticholinergic medication and pedagogical retraining seem to be helpful in individual cases. Evaluation of therapies however is frequently hampered by lack of practicability, or validity. This retrospective observational study aims to assess the long-term development of MD and efficacy of therapies in keyboard players by means of a simple video-rating procedure by informed expert raters.Methods Video rating was done by 6 carefully instructed pianists, rating a total of 266 videos from 80 patients, recorded over a period of almost 20 years. These showed the affected hand playing a C-major scale as “regularly” as possible at a moderate tempo on a grand piano. Raters assessed the acoustic irregularity of scale playing and any visible movement impairment on visual analogue scales. Influence of patient-specific factors including applied treatment was estimated in a Bayesian multilevel beta regression.Results For ratings of irregularity and impairment intra-rater reliability was strong and inter-rater concordance was moderate. The average estimated improvement across all therapies was 14% in irregularity and 15% in impairment. Highest improvement rates in ratings of irregularity were found after the combined treatment with Botulinum toxin and Trihexyphenidyl (45%) as well as in retraining (29% improvement) as single therapy. In ratings of impairment the highest improvement was shown for retraining in combination with Trihexyphenidyl (36% improvement) as well as retraining as single therapy (23%).Conclusions This study provides a new perspective on the course of MD in keyboard players in a larger cohort using methods other than self-report. Video rating of scale-playing was shown to be a reliable and useful method to evaluate MD in keyboard players. Average improvement rates were different to previous studies using patient-subjective questionnaires. Treatment options showed different effects in the two rating criteria, with retraining showing the highest improvement rates in single and combined use.
Translation of a leaderless reporter is robust during exponential growth and well sustained during stress conditions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Grabowska A. D. , Andreu N. , Cortes T.
Published: March 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses a large number of leaderless mRNA transcripts; these lack the 5’ leader region, which usually contains the Shine-Dalgarno sequence required for translation initiation in bacteria. In M. tuberculosis, transcripts encoding proteins with secondary adaptive functions are predominantly leaderless and the overall ratio of leaderless to Shine-Dalgarno transcripts significantly increases during growth arrest, suggesting that leaderless translation might be important during persistence in the host. However, whether these two types of transcripts are translated with differing efficiencies during stress conditions that induce growth arrest and during optimal growth conditions, is unclear. Here, using bioluminescent reporter strains, we detect robust leaderless translation during exponential in vitro growth and we show that leaderless translation is more stable than Shine-Dalgarno translation during adaptation to stress conditions. Upon entrance into nutrient starvation and after nitric oxide exposure, leaderless translation is significantly less affected by the stress than Shine-Dalgarno translation. Similarly, during the early stages of infection of macrophages, the levels of leaderless translation are more stable than those of Shine-Dalgarno translation. These results suggest that leaderless translation may offer an advantage in the physiology of M. tuberculosis. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational regulation may provide insights into persistent infection.
Knowledge levels and awareness about rational antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance before and after graduation: A cross-sectional study conducted in Malatya province, Turkey
Authors: Kose Adem , Colak Cemil
Published: March 2021

Background Irrational use of antibiotics may adversely affect the treatment outcomes or even lead to increased antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to evaluate the level of theoretical knowledge of rational antibiotic use and awareness about antimicrobial resistance among the senior students at a medical school and the family physicians.Methods This study was cross-sectional research and was carried out between 01 February-30 April 2019 in Malatya province. Two-hundred twenty-five senior students in the Inonu University Medical School (Group 1) and 230 actively-working family physicians in Malatya primary healthcare services who were found eligible (Group 2). Power analysis was calculated as the minimum of 240 participants when considering a proportion difference of 0.18 between the groups, a type I error of 0.05 and a type II error of 0.20. A p<0.05 value was considered to be statistically significant.Results Researchers argued that penal sanctions can be more effective by developing strict use policies to raise awareness of resistance to antimicrobials. Group 2 had higher self-confidence, and it was also concluded that they forgot their theoretical antibiotic knowledge over time, and they could not follow the current information because of the intensity of their working life. Both groups stated that post-graduation training could be used effectively for reducing antimicrobial resistance.Conclusions This study attempted to increase awareness to determine the difference in theoretical knowledge levels and behavior models of physicians before and after graduation. Sustainable antibiotic training for doctors after graduation will contribute positive effects to antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics.
The Effect of Taxpayer Religiousity, Tax Amnesty, and Tax Sanction on Taxpayer Compliance with Medium Small Micro Business Taxes (Msmes)
Authors: Prasetia Tomy
Published: March 2021

Taxes are one of the supports for in infrastructure development. The existence of taxpayer religiosity, tax amnesty, and ta sanction is also a consideration for taxpayer compliance. infrastructure development comes from Tax Indonesian Budget funds, 70% of which comes from taxes. this study aims to prove the effect of taxpayer religiosity, ta amnesty, and ta sanction on tax compliance of MSME business actors. the type of research used is quantitative. by using multiple linear regression analysis method with three independent variables, namely taxpayer religiosity (x1), tax amnesty (x2), and tax sanctions (x3) with the dependent variable taxpayer compliance on tax MSMEs (Y). the population in this study were micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and the sample technique used was random samling. the primary data soources used were questionnaires and secondary data sources were data froom journals, books, and the internet related to these issues. the data collection tecnique is done by using a uestionnaire, interview, and documentation. data analysis used validity and reliability tests and hypothesis testing. data analyysis used the structural equation modeling method with the help of SmartPLS softare. based on the research results it can be conclued that 1) there is a significant influence of taxpayer religiosity on taxpayer comliance of Medium Small MIcro Business Taes (MSMEs) in indonesia. 2) there is a significant influence of tax amnesty on taxpayer comliance of medium small micro business taxes (MSMEs) in Indonesia. 3) there is a significant inluence of tax sanction on taxpayer comliance of Medium Small Micro Business Taxes (MSMEs) in Indonesia
Comparison of chlorhexidine impregnated dressing and standard dressing for the prevention of central-line associated blood stream infection and colonization in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duyu Muhterem , Karakaya Zeynep , Yazici Pinar , Yavuz Senanur , Yersel Nihal Meryem , Tascilar Melike Orkide , Firat Nazim , Bozkurt Ozlem , Mocan Yasemin Caglar
Published: March 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated dressing and standard dressing with respect to their effects on the frequency of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), primary bloodstream infection (BSI) and catheter colonization in critically ill pediatric patients with short-term central venous catheter.Methods: Prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial performed in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary referral hospital. The patients were randomized with respect to the type of catheter fixation they had received, either with CHG-impregnated dressing or standard dressing.Results: A total of 307 patients (151 CHG-impregnated dressing, 156 standard dressing), with 307 catheters amounting to a collective total of 4993 catheter days, were included in the study. Use of CHG impregnated dressing did not significantly decrease the incidence of CLABSI (6.36 per 1000 catheter days vs. 7.59 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.93, P = 0.76), CRBSI (3.82 per 1000 catheter days vs. 4.18 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.98, P = 0.98), primary BSI (2.54 per 1000 catheter days vs. 3.42 catheter days; HR: 0.39, P = 0.67). CHG-impregnated dressing significantly decreased the incidence of catheter colonization (3.82 per 1000 catheter days vs. 7.59 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.40, P = 0.04). Longer catheter time-in-place and use of blood product transfusion were found to be independently associated with CLABSI.Conclusions: The use of CHG-impregnated dressing does not significantly decrease CLABSI incidence in critically ill pediatric patients compared to standard dressing, but it is effective in reducing catheter colonization.
Real-world Evidence for Improved Outcomes with Histamine Antagonists and Aspirin in 22,560 COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mura Cameron , Preissner Saskia , Nahles Susanne , Heiland Max , Bourne Philip , Preissner Robert
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 has spurred much interest in the therapeutic potential of repurposed drugs, such as acid-reducing drugs that act as histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA). These compounds, exemplified by famotidine (e.g., Pepcid) and ranitidine (e.g., Zantac), bind the H2R and block the histamine-triggered stimulation of signal transduction cascades. Histamine and H2RAs, on the one hand, and downstream physiological pathways, on the other hand, form a dense web of disparate pathways and signaling networks; these networks are ultimately tied to the dysregulated inflammatory cascades (cytokine storm) that underlies the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Is famotidine beneficial in treating COVID-19? This question remains unresolved, despite much recent effort: over 10 studies have examined the potential value of famotidine in COVID-19, but have found largely contradictory results. Given the conflicting reports, we have undertaken a new analysis reported herein, drawing upon a cohort of 22,560 COVID-19 patients. Using electronic health records, we statistically analyzed outcomes for treatment with the H1RAs loratadine (e.g., Claritin) and cetirizine (e.g., Zyrtec), the H2RA famotidine, the general-purpose anti-inflammatory aspirin, and a famotidine & aspirin combination. For severe cases (requiring respiratory support), we found a significantly reduced fatality risk for famotidine treatment. Notably, famotidine combined with aspirin exhibited a significant synergistic survival benefit (odds ratio of 0.55). The relative risk for death decreased by 32.5%—an immense benefit, given the more than 2.6 million COVID-19-related deaths thus far. The large, multi-center retrospective study reported here, sampling over 250,000 COVID-19 cases internationally, hopefully helps clarify the possible value of clinically-approved histamine antagonists such as famotidine. Given these findings, alongside the cost-effectiveness and mild side-effects of common over-the-counter drugs like famotidine and aspirin, we suggest that further prospective clinical trials, perhaps utilizing the aspirin combination reported here, are advisable.
Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Atmospheric Levels of Benzo[a]pyrene Over Europe
Authors: Jimenez-Guerrero Pedro , Ratola Nuno
Published: March 2021

The atmospheric concentration of persistent organic pollutants (and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in particular) is closely related to climate change and climatic fluctuations, which are likely to influence contaminant transport pathways and transfer processes. Predicting how climate variability alters PAHs concentrations in the atmosphere still poses an exceptional challenge. In this sense, the main objective of this contribution is to assess the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most studied PAH congener) in a domain covering Europe, with an emphasis on the effect of regional-scale processes. A numerical simulation for a present climate period of 30 years was performed using a regional chemistry transport model with a 25 km spatial resolution (horizontal), higher than those commonly applied. The results show an important seasonal behaviour, with a remarkable spatial pattern of difference between the north and the south of the domain. In winter, higher BaP ground levels are found during the NAO+ phase for the Mediterranean basin, while the spatial pattern of this feature (higher BaP levels during NAO+ phases) moves northwards in summer. These results show deviations up to and sometimes over 100% in the BaP mean concentrations, but statistically significant signals (p<0.1) of lower changes (20 to 40% variations in the signal) are found for the north of the domain in winter and for the south in summer.
Initial risk perception and feeling of preparedness of primary care physicians regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, France and Spain in February 2020
Authors: GUERRISI Caroline , Thomas Bérenger , Diez Ana Ordax , Cauteren Dieter Van , Alonso Jose Eugenio Lozano , Moreels Sarah , Falchi Alessandra , Alonso Tomàs Vega , Bonmarin Isabelle , Raude Jocelyn , Vilcu Ana-Maria , Hanslik Thomas , Debin Marion , Rossignol Louise , Colizza Vittoria , Souty Cécile , Blanchon Thierry
Published: March 2021

Background
The knowledge of risk perceptions in primary care could help health authorities to manage epidemics.
Methods
A European multi-center study was conducted in France, Belgium and Spain to describe the perceptions, the level of anxiety and the feeling of preparedness of primary healthcare physicians towards the COVID-19 infection at the beginning of the pandemic. The factors associated with the feeling of preparedness were studied using multivariate logistic regressions.
Results
A total of 511 physicians participated to the study. Among them, only 16.3% (n = 82) were highly anxious about the pandemic, 50.6% (n = 254) had the feeling to have a high level of information, 80.5% (n = 409) found the measures taken by the health authorities suitable to limit the spread of COVID-19, and 45.2% (n = 229) felt prepared to face the epidemic. Factors associated with feeling prepared were: being a Spanish practitioner (adjusted OR = 4.34; 95%CI [2.47; 7.80]), being a man (aOR = 2.57, 95%CI [1.69; 3.96]), finding the measures taken by authorities appropriate (aOR = 1.72, 95%CI [1.01; 3.00]) and being highly informed (aOR = 4.82, 95%CI [2.62; 9.19]).
Conclusions
Regarding the dramatic evolution of the pandemic in Europe in the weeks following the study, it appears that information available at this time and transmitted to the physicians could have given a wrong assessment of the spread and the severity of the disease. It seems essential to better integrate the primary care physicians into the information, training and protection channels. A comparison between countries could help to select the most effective measures in terms of information and communication.
Influence of Incorporation of Gallium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Structural and Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer
Authors: Abd-Elnaiem Alaa , Hamdalla Taymour , Seleim Seleim , Hanafy T. , Aljouhani Mushari , Rashad M.
Published: March 2021

In the present work, gallium oxide nanoparticles (nGa2O3) are synthesized via the thermal microwave combustion method, while nanocomposites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer with various concentrations of nGa2O3 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) are prepared by the casting technique. The structural characterization of nGa2O3, PVA, and films of PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The HRTEM and XRD examinations showed that the prepared nGa2O3 has an average crystallite size of ~ 5.6 nm and particle size of ~ 0.9 µm. On another side, the optical transmission spectra were performed in the spectral range 250 to 2500 nm at room temperature. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, and optical bandgap (Eg) were determined using the Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model. It was shown that Eg slightly reduced from 3.61 to 3.55 eV with increasing the Ga2O3 content to 3 wt%, while raised again up to 3.58 eV for 5 wt% Ga2O3. Other optical characteristics such as the optical density, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical susceptibility, thermal emissivity, optical sheet resistance for the PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites are investigated. The linear and nonlinear optical parameters together with their dependencies on the doping ratio reveals the qualification of PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites for nonlinear optical applications.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kloehn Jaspar , Brodt Grit , Ernst Jana , Gruhn Bernd
Published: March 2021

Purpose Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which is also known as veno-occlusive disease of the liver, represents a serious complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our study aimed to investigate important risk factors for SOS in a pediatric population. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 105 children who underwent allogeneic HSCT at our pediatric HSCT center in Jena. The observation period was 12 years and SOS was defined by the modified pediatric Seattle criteria up to day +30 after HSCT. Results 15 out of all 105 patients developed SOS (14.3%). The median time from HSCT to SOS diagnosis was 12 days. The mortality rate of SOS was only 20.0%. In univariate analysis, we identified the significant risk factors of a patient age < 1 year (odds ratio (OR) = 7.25, p = 0.037) and a prior treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (OR = 11.00, p = 0.020). In addition, some laboratory values, which were taken before HSCT, had a significant association to SOS. Ferritin > 1500 ng/mL (OR = 4.00, p = 0.033), ferritin > 2000 ng/mL (OR = 4.69, p = 0.016), ferritin > 2400 ng/mL (OR = 5.29, p = 0.005) and the international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.3 (OR = 5.91, p = 0.009) showed significant results in univariate analysis. The following risk factors could be confirmed in multivariate analysis: prior treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (OR = 9.24, p = 0.048), ferritin > 2400 ng/mL (OR = 5.74, p = 0.023) and INR ≥ 1.3 (OR = 8.02, p = 0.007).Conclusion Our study confirms several risk factors for hepatic SOS following allogeneic HSCT in pediatric patients. In addition, we report for the first time a significant association between high INR before HSCT and hepatic SOS, which consequently could improve the SOS risk evaluation.
Enhancing Early Engagement (E3) in Mental Health Services Training for Children's Advocacy Center's Victim Advocates: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taylor Erin K. , Dopp Alex R. , Lounsbury Kaitlin , Thompson Yutian , Miller Michelle , Jorgensen Ashley , Silovsky Jane F.
Published: March 2021

Background: Child maltreatment is a major public issue in the United States, yet most children affected by abuse or neglect never engage in evidence-based practices (EBP) for child mental health. Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs’) are uniquely situated to serve as Family Navigators who connect children impacted by maltreatment to appropriate EBPs. In fact, the CAC position of Victim Advocate mirrors the Mental Health Family Navigator national initiative.Methods: We developed, implemented, and will evaluate web-based and consultative training for Victim Advocates to enhance early engagement in services (E3 training). The interactive web-based training will embed key targets of knowledge and skills related to family engagement, trauma, and EBP services. Participating CACs will be randomized to E3 webinar-based training, E3 webinar plus consultation, or delayed training. The project will test the E3 training’s impact on key mechanisms of change (e.g., knowledge, skills) to improve rates of screening, referral, and access to EBP services. The feasibility of implementing the training program, and differential impact and costs by level of training will be examined.Discussion: The overarching goal of this project is to test a training that is readily implemented through CACs and examine the mechanisms for improving early engagement and, ultimately, child and adolescent mental health outcomes. Results and cost findings will be used to plan a large-scale comprehensive, mixed-methods Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation and cost-effectiveness trial of Family Navigator E3 training. If outcomes are positive, considerable infrastructure exists to support the scale-up and sustainability of E3 training nationwide, by embedding the training in national CAC training protocols.Trial registration: NCT04221633Date and version identifier: March 25 2021; Vers. 1.0 (original)
A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Power Generation Problem Analysis
Authors: Emovon I.
Published: March 2021

The abundance of different energy sources such as coal, natural gas, and crude oil are in the Africa region, yet one of the lowest electric energy per capita consumption. Different factors have been attributed to this abysmal energy failure in the literature, leading to her slow economic and industrial advancement. These factors include poor maintenance of power generation infrastructure and lack of policy continuity, among others. The purpose of this article is to prioritize these power generation problems for proper budgetary allocation by managers of electric power. The fuzzy VIKOR technique is presented for the evaluation and ranking of these power generation problems. The analysis showed that poor maintenance is the most critical challenge of bedeviling power generation in Nigeria. The Fuzzy VIKOR produces the same result as the classical VIKOR used previously in resolving the problem. The proposed technique addresses the challenge of uncertainty and subjectivity by applying linguistic variables in the decision-making process, which the classical VIKOR is incapable of handling.
Probabilistic theories and reconstructions of quantum theory
Authors: Müller Markus
Published: March 2021

These lecture notes provide a basic introduction to the framework of generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and a sketch of a reconstruction of quantum theory (QT) from simple operational principles. To build some intuition for how physics could be even more general than quantum, I present two conceivable phenomena beyond QT: superstrong nonlocality and higher-order interference. Then I introduce the framework of GPTs, generalizing both quantum and classical probability theory. Finally, I summarize a reconstruction of QT from the principles of Tomographic Locality, Continuous Reversibility, and the Subspace Axiom. In particular, I show why a quantum bit is described by a Bloch ball, why it is three-dimensional, and how one obtains the complex numbers and operators of the usual representation of QT.
Improving the psychological well-being of prisoners through group counseling with solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) approach
Authors: Sucipto Ade , Purwanto Edy , Japar Muhammad , Iłendo-Milewska Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Psychological well-being (PWB) is synonymous with happiness which is important for every prisoner. PWB is important for prisoners considering prisoners have different lives and Prisoners are increasingly depressed by the label of villains from the community. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of group counseling with the solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) approach to improve prisoners' pwb. This study used a quasi-experimental design with repeated measurements (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). The research subjects were divided into two, namely 7 prisoners in the experimental group and 7 prisoners in the control group. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria and PWB levels obtained from the psychological well-being scale. This study's results indicate that group counseling with the SFBT approach is proven to be effective in increasing PWB of Class II A prisoners in Pekalongan City during the pre-test vs post-test, and post-test vs follow-up. This study's results can be used as a consideration, reference, and alternative for counselors to use the SFBT approach in dealing with problems related to psychology, especially PWB.
The effect of the extended bridge on the Timbre of the Sarasvati Veena: a numerical and experimental study
Authors: Chauhan Chandrashekhar , Singru P. M. , Vathsan Radhika
Published: March 2021

An attempt is made to establish the dependence of the timbre of the Sarasvati veena, a South Indian string instrument, on its extended bridge. The equation of motion for a plucked string vibrating against the extended boundary at the bridge is solved numerically. The solution is analyzed for timbre characteristics, which show energy redistribution among the higher harmonics, as well as revival of higher harmonics with time. The variation of timbre with bridge slope and curvature are analyzed. These results are validated by comparison with corresponding analysis of acoustic data gathered from experiments performed on a sonometer, whose knife edge is replaced by the bridge of the veena.
The Growing Role and Responsibilities of UNESCO in the Field of Preserving Historic and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Belekova Aysur
Published: March 2021

UNESCO is the world's largest intergovernmental forum on humanitarian cooperation and offers an alternative way of maintaining bonds among nations. The article examines its growing role and responsibility in the protection and preservation of cultural and historic monuments. The research objective was to determine the role of UNESCO in preserving such monuments, developing measures for their protection, and sustaining historical truth. The research methods included a system-based analysis with its functional and empiric methods. The system-based analysis made it possible to consider interrelated aspects of UNESCO's functioning, approach the matter as a range of problems within a single process, and identify the basic characteristics of UNESCO's policy evolution in the sphere of world heritage conservation. The research also used achievements of political science, diplomacy, history, and international relations. The approach also allowed the author to examine the main tools used by UNESCO, as well as to highlight its current priorities and directions. To analyze the political reality, the author employed such empirical methods as monitoring and study of documents. The author focused on the matters of international cooperation and mutual responsibility of the members the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. The research attempted to identify the most important tasks of Russia in this direction. In the current challenging context, UNESCO has to find a conceptual niche and respond without compromise to any attempts to destroy its basic principles or to politicize its work.
Digital Technologies in the Russian Banking Sector: Main Features and Associated Risks
Authors: Shcherbakova Natalia
Published: March 2021

The present paper features Russian loan banks that use new information and digital banking technologies. The research involved various methodological approaches, including a systematic approach to the analysis of modern banks. The method of comparative analysis made it possible to interpret various indicators of the activities of loan banks. The method of dynamic analysis helped to identify the main trends in the development of the Russian banking sector. The research objective was to identify the main trends and key problems in the digitalization of the Russian banking sector and the risks that accompany the process. The author believes that digital technologies will increase the country's competitiveness and boost its economic development. Digital economy involves the introduction of new technologies in the banking sector, e.g. e-money, digital signature, contactless payment, blockchain technology, the Internet of things, etc. The usual approaches to customer service are being replaced by advanced practices, as the traditional bank is gradually turning into a multifunctional IT company. However, cyber risks are also growing, and their management requires new approaches.
Problems of Rural Development: Republics of Buryatia and Tyva
Authors: Tatarova Svetlana , Zateeva Nadezhda
Published: March 2021

Rural areas are an important basis for the development of Russian economy. However, the problems faced by rural settlements significantly complicate the rural life in modern realities. The research objective was to analyze the current situation in the rural settlements of two national republics of Siberia, namely Buryatia and Tyva, taking into account their geographical, economic, social, economic, and demographic features. The paper covers the most pressing causes of rural degradation, e.g. unemployment, bad conditions for small and medium businesses, no industrial development, etc. In these conditions, rural population have to engage in unskilled agricultural labor, farming, gathering wild plants, berries, and mushrooms, etc. Villagers often get involved in illegal logging, sale of home-brew, uncertified retail trade, etc. Another important factor that hinders rural development is urban migration, which is associated mostly with educated rural population. Villagers suffer from low standard of living, household problems, unemployment, poor social and industrial infrastructure, etc. In addition, the authors also touched upon the problem of preserving traditional culture and language. The abovementioned problems of rural development have negative consequences, decrease agricultural production, and destroy the traditions of rural life.
Psychological Reactions in Women with Pregnancy Termination Due to Fetal Anomaly
Authors: Turkyilmaz Gurcan , Atan Yavuz Selim , Erturk Emircan , Turkyilmaz Sebnem
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine and compare grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress scores in women who underwent termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly in the first vs. second-trimester of pregnancy.
STUDY DESIGN: Forty-three women who underwent termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly were subdivided into two categories in this prospective-cohort study: First-trimester group, which was defined as termination of pregnancy performed <14 weeks of gestation, and Second-trimester termination of pregnancy who underwent termination of pregnancy between 20 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Eight weeks after the termination of pregnancy, the Beck Depression Inventory, Perinatal Grief Scale-short version, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were performed with face-to-face interviews.
RESULTS: Twenty-four women in the first-trimester group and 19 women in the second-trimester group were enrolled. The mean Beck Depression Inventory score was 7.3±4.2 in the first-trimester group and 11.1±4.6 in the second-trimester group (p=0.033). The mean Perinatal Grief Scale-short scores were 86.3±17.2 and 101.4±29.2 in the first and second-trimester groups, respectively (p=0.014). Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores of the first trimester and second-trimester groups were 22.5±8.6 and 35.3±17.1, respectively (p=0.022). Depression was detected in 29.1% of women in the first-trimester group and 57.8% in the second-trimester group (p=0.023). Perinatal grief was significantly higher in the second-trimester group (45.8% vs. 84.2% p<0.01). Post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in the second-trimester group (41.6% vs. 73.6%, p=0.031).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly causes severe psychiatric problems in most women. Depression, grief, and post-traumatic stress are more prominent in women who underwent termination of pregnancy in the second trimester of pregnancy than in the first trimester.
The “Dance with Daggers” as an Ethno-Marker of Adyghe Culture
Authors:   Adyghe State University, Sokolova Alla N.
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the history, semantic scope and meaning of the “dance with daggers”, which has survived today as a solo male stage number. The dance is becoming a very important part of academic dance concerts in the North Caucasus, and at the same time dancers with daggers are invited to traditional weddings and corporate parties. Сamechas (kъамэчIас) are identified as military sports and exercises, while also being a modern dance concert number with the same name. The military sport, circus and dance characteristics of this action are revealed in the article. It is proved that the dance is based on the demonstration of military merits, such as the ability to handle sharp knives freely and easily, to throw them at a target, to overcome any obstacles through high jumps, to keep a visible space in sight, to control the body gracefully and to conquer physical pain. In the history of the development of the dance, a multilayered literary text is formed that has mythological and ethno-informational codes. The meaning of using twelve daggers and a papakha (sheepskin hat), symbolizing intellect/reason and equal to any Caucasian man’s head is revealed. The movements on toes allowing one to “rise”, to be close to the gods and to conform to the contours of the mountain landscape, are comparable to the fine graceful movements of mountain animals using any stone or mound as support. Jumping, whirling, lunging, and manipulating with a large number of daggers are considered as signs that reveal deep ethnic values. The choreographic and musical component of the dance is analyzed as well as tricks that are included in the plot of the dance, allowing the performer to demonstrate traditional hand positions, certain steps, jump height, spin speed. The Western Adyghes have formed a stable musical composition for the “dance with daggers”, which consists of three tunes: “Dzherakai Zafak”, “Kabardinka” and an Ossetian melody arranged by the famous Adyghe accordionist Kim Tletseruk. “Gathering” music also symbolically represents the “dance with daggers” as a product and artistic practice of the entire Caucasus.
The Image of the Holocaust in the Television Documentary Drama Trilogy “The Chronicle of the Minsk Ghetto”
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Stsiazhko Nataliia G.
Published: March 2021

The prevailing view in modern film studies is that television documentary drama (docudrama) is either a hybrid, a synthesis, or a documentary film genre. The author of the article hypothesizes that docudrama has long exceeded the boundaries of documentary films and asserted its own place in the system of screen arts on par with feature films, documentaries and animated films. The author claims that docudrama is a unique phenomenon generated by television and it combines all the modern innovations in cinema. Docudrama allows for the text information to be reformatted into an audio-visual experience in an emotional, spectacular and accurate way, therefore possessing the inherent features of other screen arts. Like other forms of screen arts, it forms an image capable of evoking certain emotions and makes the viewer think and draw their own conclusions. The combination of artefacts and quotes adds volume and artistic value to the image. The article explores the genesis and development of television docudrama and gives it a definition based on key characteristics. It shows how films of various genres can be created within docudrama, proving that docudrama is not a subgenre within the genre of documentary film but a new independent branch of screen arts. The author highlights that the reason for the popularity of docudrama lies in the fact that the historical and informative material, which can be interesting and useful to the viewer, is presented in a spectacular and lightweight form. This idea is supported through the analysis of the documentary drama trilogy The Chronicle of the Minsk Ghetto, in which an image of the Holocaust, the unspeakable tragedy of the Jews during the Second World War, is shown.
Sovietness in the Art of Vladislav Mamyshev-Monroe
Authors:   State Russian Museum, Andreeva Ekaterina Yu.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the recycling of Soviet images in the works of Vladislav Mamyshev-Monroe from 1987–2006. In his multidisciplinary work, Vladislav Mamyshev (1969–2013),an artist, writer, actor, professor of the original genre department of the New Academy of Fine Arts, repeatedly reproduced images from Soviet cinema and pop culture. In the make-up of Marilyn Monroe, he performed Soviet songs at concerts and in video clips. He portrayed Alla Pugacheva, Lenin and Krupskaya, an episode of Stierlitz meeting with his wife from the movie Seventeen Moments of Spring in performances and photo portraits. Mamyshev also wrote several philosophical treatises on the Russian and Soviet mentality and history. Mamyshev’s existential performance, associated with ancient practices of holy foolishness and parrhesia, is considered in the dynamics of post-Soviet history. In 1990, in remakes of Politburo portraits, he transformed the Soviet gerontocrats into the beauties of world cinema, “correcting the karma” of the Soviet regime. In a Pirate Television report on August 19, 1991, Mamyshev opposed the abolition of Gorbachev’s reforms. In the early 1990s, he put forward the idea of a fabulous folklore matrix of the Russian and Soviet unconscious and noted the beginning of the contamination of Russian and Soviet history in the post-Soviet consciousness. In the late 1990s, Mamyshev in the image of Lyubov Orlova explored the complex of Soviet ideas about perfection, which have both a mobilizing and deadening socio-cultural impact. Representing Soviet images, Mamyshev focuses on their totalitarian state message and at the same time their reflection in the individual consciousness, aimed at finding ideal love and happiness, showing the inevitable tragic break in the functional connection between Soviet ideology and Russian reality.
Male Costume of Serbia and Montenegro on the Frontispieces of 19th Century Books (From the Slavic Literature Fund of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library)
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Zhabreva Anna E. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes eight frontispiece portraits of Serbian and Montenegrin statesmen from the 12–19th century as well as one collective ethnographic image of an inhabitant of the Bay of Kotor. These consist of prints found in seventeen Serbian and Montenegrin 19th century publications which were found in the Slavic Literature Fund of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg). The portraits are considered as works of book graphics, as historical and ethnographic sources. They were compared with other pictorial sources — originals of portraits, images of genuine clothing and jewelry, as well as ethnographic materials. There are detailed descriptions of the costumes depicted in the portraits, the names and characteristics of the clothes, hats and decorations. As a result of the comparison, it was found that some engravings are fictitious images, while others, made from pictorial lifetime originals, can serve as important material for the reconstruction of Serbian and Montenegrin appearance and costume, including specific historical figures. An attempt was made to reveal the relationship of the costume of the ruler at the end of the 18th — first half of the 19th century both with the fashion trends of the era, and with his national identity and political views. These aspects manifested themselves with particular vividness in the portraits of Milos Obrenovich, Karageorgy, Vladyka Daniel and Peter Petrovich Njegos. The analysis of portraits in chronological order made it possible to touch upon the theme of Serbian and Montenegrin costume history, which has been insufficiently studied in the Russian press.
Monumental Painting by Sergei Romanovich: Former and Unfulfilled
Authors:   Research Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts of the Russian Academy of Arts, Inshakov Alexander N.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to an important period in the life and work of the Moscow artist Sergei Romanovich (1894–1968), one of the most interesting young artists of the Russian pictorial avant-garde of the second half of the 1910s, a student and later friend of Mikhail Larionov. From the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, Romanovich was an employee of the Workshop of Monumental Painting at the Academy of Architecture of the USSR. Together with Lev Bruni and Vladimir Favorsky, he worked on the decoration of the Red Army Theater, participated in the development of projects and interior design of theater and exhibition spaces, new public buildings in Moscow and other cities of the country. Romanovich turned to monumental art largely forced, unable to seriously engage in easel painting and exhibit his work in the 1930s. The author of the article analyzed the main works performed by Romanovich in the field of monumental art. Special attention is paid to Romanovich’s interest in painting by outstanding masters of the Renaissance and modern times, which had a certain influence on his monumental works: among the most important artists are Raphael, Michelangelo, and Delacroix. The article also reveals the connections and mutual influences between the easel work and the monumental painting of Romanovich. In his work, there was also a “counter” influence: the artist’s interest in outstanding monuments of monumental art of the past influenced his search in the field of painting. The author demonstrates this influence by referring to an analysis of several famous works by Romanovich in the late 1940s. The most important place in the artist’s heritage is occupied by religious painting. In the conditions of the USSR of the 1940s–1950s, Romanovich could not depict and fulfill his talent as a muralist in religious art.
An association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and prevalence of trachoma in Monze district of Southern Province, Zambia
Authors: Chikwanda Musonda , Munyinda Nosiku , Mwale Consity , Mbanefo Prince , Banda Tikulirekuti Chileshe , Mubita Patricia
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene, and the prevalence of trachoma in Monze district, Zambia. The overall prevalence of trachoma among residents of Monze district is 2.0% disaggregated as 3.4% for 1–9 age group and 1.1% for ≥10 age group. The findings reveal an association between trachoma eye infection and drinking water source from protected well/spring, and piped water. After adjusting for other variables, there was an association of drinking water from a protected well/spring (AOR 8.343, CI 1.126–61.803), piped water (AOR 4.127, CI 1.088–15.648), and piped water for washing (AOR 0.172, 95% CI 0.031–0.944.439). The presence of a hand wash facility was very low at 2.9% while hand washing agents were even lower at 0.41%. The study concludes that children are at a higher risk of trachoma prevalence. Other WASH aspects, such as adequacy of water, might be more important than the presence of potable water. The prevalence of trachoma in Monze is WASH focused.
“I delight in love, not in sacrifice”: Hosea 6:6 and Its Rereading in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Kubiś Adam
Published: March 2021

The first part of the article deals with four different understandings of Hosea 6:6 in the context of that entire book: (1) the repudiation of the cult as such; (2) the rejection of a particular notion of cult; (3) the priority of ethics over the cult; and (4) the symbiosis of cult and ethics, i.e. that an authentic cult interweaves ethical values and proper ritual conduct. The author concludes that the fourth interpretation best fits the message of the Book of Hosea. The second part of the article deals with the problem of the textual Vorlage which would have been used by Matthew. He seems to have quoted the Hebrew text in a way that remains faithful to his contemporary hermeneutical rule, according to which each element of a biblical parallelism was to be interpreted separately, based on the belief that every single line carried equal weight and conveyed a new truth or a new law. The Matthean rereading of Hosea 6:6, the focus of the third part, is presented from two perspectives: the synchronic and the diachronic. In the synchronic presentation, the main point of concern is the contribution of the quotes in 9:13 and 12:7 to the understanding of those Matthean pericopes. Finally, the diachronic reading deals with the Matthean use of Hosea 6:6 within the context of the Matthean community and its dialogue with the Rabbinic Judaism of that day.
Love, Mercy and Social Justice in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Social Life
Authors: Ficek Ryszard
Published: March 2021

The article’s subject discusses love, mercy, and social justice from the perspective of Christian personalism presented by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. The author’s interpretation of source materials aims to present the above values as fundamental Christian virtues of a complementary nature, shaping the good of the human person’s goodness, both in the individual and social dimension. In the personalist-praxeological sense, both love, mercy, and social justice, understood as attitudes that which mean commitment and fidelity, are formed primarily in the Christian reality of everyday life, particularly with regard to one’s family and nation. The author of this article asks whether the aretology of Cardinal Wyszyński’s personalist concept of social life can be applied to the specific realities of the contemporary social life. The answer to such questions is extremely important, especially in the context of the currently proclaimed “ideological pluralism,” characteristic of present-day postmodern culture, which emphasizes the moral ambivalence of “liquid” postmodernity.