bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing driver psychophysiological response to emergency braking in distracted driving based on field experiments
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Li , Gao Kun , An Yisheng , Andric Jelena
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize distracted driving by quantifying the response time and response intensity to an emergency stop using the driver’s physiological states.

Design/methodology/approach

Field tests with 17 participants were conducted in the connected and automated vehicle test field. All participants were required to prioritize their primary driving tasks while a secondary nondriving task was asked to be executed. Demographic data, vehicle trajectory data and various physiological data were recorded through a biosignalsplux signal data acquisition toolkit, such as electrocardiograph for heart rate, electromyography for muscle strength, electrodermal activity for skin conductance and force-sensing resistor for braking pressure.

Findings

This study quantified the psychophysiological responses of the driver who returns to the primary driving task from the secondary nondriving task when an emergency occurs. The results provided a prototype analysis of the time required for making a decision in the context of advanced driver assistance systems or for rebuilding the situational awareness in future automated vehicles when a driver’s take-over maneuver is needed.

Originality/value

The hypothesis is that the secondary task will result in a higher mental workload and a prolonged reaction time. Therefore, the driver states in distracted driving are significantly different than in regular driving, the physiological signal improves measuring the brake response time and distraction levels and brake intensity can be expressed as functions of driver demographics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study using psychophysiological measures to quantify a driver’s response to an emergency stop during distracted driving.
Understanding awe elicitors in the workplace: a qualitative inquiry
Authors: Hu Biyun , Meng Liang
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Despite its practical importance, the emotion of awe has received scant research attention in the organizational literature. To facilitate future scholarship on this important topic, the authors explore and compare the elicitors of awe at work in three countries representing two culture clusters, including the USA and Canada (the Anglo cluster) and China (the Confucian Asia cluster).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors gathered responses from 163 working adults from the USA and Canada and 126 working adults from China using open-response survey, and analyzed each response following the guidance of grounded theory.

Findings

Across cultures, there are 10 common elicitors of awe, including virtue of organization, ability and achievement of organization, beauty of workplace, virtue of colleagues, ability and achievement of colleagues, dedication of colleagues, charisma of colleagues, status and power of colleagues, personal growth and achievement and perceived meaningfulness. Looking within cultures, the authors found two awe elicitors that are specific to China: status and power of organization, and work content.

Practical implications

Organizations and supervisors wishing to induce the emotion of awe would be well-advised to pay attention to the design of their workplace, as well as their attitudes and behaviors toward employees, customers and the general public.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the emotion literature, organizational literature and cross-cultural literature by demonstrating elicitors of awe in the workplace across the Anglo cluster and the Confucian Asia cluster.
Enabling bricolage in resource-constrained contexts: the role of sense of community and passion in African social entrepreneurs
Authors: Ciambotti Giacomo , Zaccone Maria Cristina , Pedrini Matteo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Small social entrepreneurs (SSEs) who operate in resource-constrained environments frequently use entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) to overcome such limitations. Research in social entrepreneurship mainly focuses on the outcomes of bricolage, with little knowledge about individual mechanisms that lead SSEs to use this approach. The authors fill this gap by investigating the role of entrepreneurial passion in fostering bricolage and the mediating effect of the sense of community.

Design/methodology/approach

To validate the theoretical model, the authors surveyed 279 SSEs operating in 7 African countries. The authors assessed the risk of common method bias, internal reliability and the validity of constructs and tested the hypotheses by performing linear regression analysis.

Findings

This study’s results demonstrate that passionate SSEs operating in resource-constrained contexts develop a sense of community by perceiving it as a valuable resource provider and that sense of community moves them to engage with EB.

Research limitations/implications

Within the field of social entrepreneurship, this study examines the importance of a sense of community among SSEs; this evidence opens new avenues for research on drivers of small businesses operating in developing economies.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for SSEs on implementing bricolage, and guidelines for governments, policymakers and NGOs in better developing their policies and programs considering the role of communities.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by highlighting individual-level drivers of bricolage for SSEs operating in resource constraints, and revealing the relevance of the subjective view of the role of the community.
Greed doesn’t grow on trees: the indirect association between proenvironmental behaviour and materialism through adolescents’ psychological entitlement
Authors: Liu Meiting , Koivula Aki
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the potential that acting proenvironmentally protects adolescents from developing materialistic value.

Design/methodology/approach

Convenience sampling was adopted to collect data from two randomly selected secondary schools in central China. A total of 784 participants were included in the survey.

Findings

The mediation analysis revealed that adolescent proenvironmental behaviour was negatively associated with materialism. The results of the moderated mediation model showed that psychological entitlement mediates the association between adolescent proenvironmental behaviour and materialism, and that family socioeconomic status acts as a moderator in the association between proenvironmental behaviour and psychological entitlement.

Practical implications

The current results advise educational practitioners on alleviating adolescent materialism. Policy makers and schools can add more environmental practice to the curriculum and extracurricular activities. Moreover, identifying the personal benefits of proenvironmental behaviour can motivate young people to act proenvironmentally, which not only factually reduces over-consumption but also attracts more attention from young people to the environment.

Originality/value

Previous studies rarely explored the individual belief or perception accounting for the negative association between proenvironmental behaviour and materialism. Therefore, the authors adopt psychological entitlement, a belief reflecting the dark side of individual perception, to explain why proenvironmental behaviour reduces materialism.
Environmentally induced reconstruction of microbial communities alters particulate carbon flux of deep chlorophyll maxima in the South China sea
Authors: Hu Ruiwen , Liu Songfeng , Saleem Muhammad , Xiong Zhiyao , Zhou Zhengyuan , Luo Zhiwen , Shu Longfei , He Zhili , Wang Cheng
Published: August 2022

The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) harbours diverse microbial communities and regulates carbon fixation and sequestration in marine ecosystems. Although variations in the DCM microbial community diversity and composition across oceans are reported, we still have a limited knowledge about the ecological mechanism driving the biogeography of DCM microbial communities and their contributions to ecosystem functioning.

Here, based on DNA‐sequencing data (16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes) with two size fractions collected from coastal to offshore regions of the South China sea (SCS), we found that both size‐fractionated bacterial and protistan communities in the DCM exhibited a distance‐decay pattern, which was strongly governed by deterministic processes (62.7%–72.2%) and mainly explained by environmental factors (34.1%–37.7%).

Under warmer temperature and fresher salinity levels, the decreased abundance of protistan parasites induced the weakening parasitic interactions with other protists, whereas the increased abundance of protistan consumers enhanced the phagocytic interactions with bacteria. Such reconstruction of microbial communities induced by environmental variations was thought to constrain particulate organic carbon (POC) flux, as revealed by the partial least square regression model illustrating a strong correlation between the composition of functional protistan groups and POC content of DCM (R2 = 0.48; r = 0.75; p < 10−6).

This work highlights the importance of environmental filtering in shaping DCM microbial communities and extends our understanding of the declined carbon flux of the DCM in the SCS under future scenarios.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A contemporary social contract: An exploration of enabling factors influencing climate policy intractability in developed nations
Authors: Groff Stephen P.
Published: August 2022

The social contract has long been used to describe the advantages of individual submission to the body politic. Although a considerable focus has been dedicated to the individual affordances of the social contract, less attention has been paid to the factors that condition individuals' willingness to sacrifice for the collective. For scholars of political science, it is useful to understand the social contract's enabling factors, those conditions which motivate constituent support for public policies and influence citizens' willingness to limit individual freedoms in exchange for greater social security and assurances of collective wellbeing. In this paper, it is theorized that citizens lend their trust to public institutions to enable a social contract. Further, it is hypothesized that individuals who exhibit stronger enabling factors are more likely to contribute to a global conceptualization of the social contract that is committed to international climate policy objectives. Toward that end, an exploratory and descriptive analysis of several existing data sets examines the relationship between the enabling factors of public trust and the outcomes of environmental policy to survey the strength of variable associations that condition support for international climate policy commitments necessary to maintaining a contemporary social contract (CSC).
Cap‐independent translation of GPLD1 enhances markers of brain health in long‐lived mutant and drug‐treated mice
Authors: Li Xinna , Shi Xiaofang , McPherson Madaline , Hager Mary , Garcia Gonzalo G. , Miller Richard A.
Published: August 2022

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1) hydrolyzes inositol phosphate linkages in proteins anchored to the cell membrane. Mice overexpressing GPLD1 show enhanced neurogenesis and cognition. Snell dwarf (DW) and growth hormone receptor knockout (GKO) mice show delays in age‐dependent cognitive decline. We hypothesized that augmented GPLD1 might contribute to retained cognitive function in these mice. We report that DW and GKO show higher GPLD1 levels in the liver and plasma. These mice also have elevated levels of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of doublecortin (DCX), suggesting a mechanism for maintenance of cognitive function at older ages. GPLD1 was not increased in the hippocampus of DW or GKO mice, suggesting that plasma GPLD1 increases elevated these brain proteins. Alteration of the liver and plasma GPLD1 was unaltered in mice with liver‐specific GHR deletion, suggesting that the GH effect was not intrinsic to the liver. GPLD1 was also induced by caloric restriction and by each of four drugs that extend lifespan. The proteome of DW and GKO mice is molded by selective translation of mRNAs, involving cap‐independent translation (CIT) of mRNAs marked by N6 methyladenosine. Because GPLD1 protein increases were independent of the mRNA level, we tested the idea that GPLD1 might be regulated by CIT. 4EGI‐1, which enhances CIT, increased GPLD1 protein without changes in GPLD1 mRNA in cultured fibroblasts and mice. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of YTHDF1, which promotes CIT by reading m6A signals, also led to increased GPLD1 protein, showing that elevation of GPLD1 reflects selective mRNA translation.
The management of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus unresponsive to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
Authors: Cayetano‐Alcaraz Axel Alberto , Tharakan Tharu , Chen Runzhi , Sofikitis Nikolaos , Minhas Suks
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction is associated with diabetes mellitus with an estimated prevalence of 52.5% in the diabetic population. The first‐line therapy for erectile dysfunction is phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, but data suggest that diabetic men may be less responsive than non‐diabetic men. Thus, other treatments, including intracavernosal injections, intraurethral prostaglandin, vacuum erection devices and penile prosthetic surgery, should be considered in management of diabetic men with erectile dysfunction refractory to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Furthermore, combination therapy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and other oral treatments such as arginine or l‐carnitine may have synergistic effects resulting in better outcomes. In addition, there are novel therapies such as low‐intensity shockwave therapy and stem‐cell therapy, which may also be effective in targeted treatment modalities. Furthermore, studies suggest that erectile dysfunction can be improved by targeting concurrent comorbidities or metabolic diseases such as depression, hypertension, hypogonadism, and dyslipidaemia. We present an evidence‐based narrative review focusing on the management of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men who have not responded to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.

Conclusions

Both clinicians and patients should be aware of the different management options in diabetic patients who have not responded to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
Causal relationship between type 1 diabetes and hypothyroidism: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Yingqi , Si Shucheng , Zhang Kai , Yuan Jie , Li Jiqing , Xue Fuzhong
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Although an association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and hypothyroidism has been found in multiple observational studies, whether T1D plays a causal role in the development of hypothyroidism remains uncertain. Therefore, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal association between T1D and hypothyroidism.

Methods

Independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T1D with genome‐wide significance were selected as instrumental variables from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of T1D. Hypothyroidism GWAS summary statistics were obtained from the Thyroidomics Consortium. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis for estimating the effect of the exposure on the outcome. We also used MR‐Egger, the weighted median method, MR‐Robust, and other methods to confirm the results.

Results

T1D had a positive causal association with hypothyroidism [IVW, odds ratio (OR) = 1.083, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.046−1.122; p < .001]. MR‐Egger regression indicated that directional pleiotropy did not bias the result (intercept = 0.006; p = .295). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.099, 95% CI, 1.018−1.186; p = .017). The results were robust according to various MR methods, and the results of the reverse MR analysis did not support reverse causation (p > .05).

Conclusions

The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with T1D undergo thyroid function tests regularly to minimize the risk of undiagnosed hypothyroidism among young patients with T1D.
Call for integrating future patterns of biodiversity into European conservation policy
Authors: Adam Moritz M. , Lenzner Bernd , van Kleunen Mark , Essl Franz
Published: August 2022

Given the unprecedented rates of global warming, widespread shifts in species’ distributions are anticipated to play a key role for their survival. Yet, current conservation policies often allocate priority to native species and their typical habitats, thereby preserving historic conditions rather than preparing for future species distributions. Policy initiatives aimed at halting biodiversity loss, such as the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy, could provide an opportunity to proactively integrate species’ future distributions into conservation objectives on an international scale, for example, by encouraging management actions that allow for species migration along projected paths of dispersal. Acknowledging climate‐tracking species as a conceptually distinct phenomenon, we qualitatively analyzed to which extent the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy and the legal framework it is embedded in, such as the Draft Note on Designation Criteria (ENV.D.3/JC) and the Framework for Blue and Green Infrastructure (SWD/2019/193), integrated climate‐trackers into their conservation objectives. We found that the Biodiversity Strategy did not explicitly incorporate future patterns of species distributions into conservation planning but emphasized the maintenance of historical community compositions and species distributions. While the commitments in these legal documents to nature restoration will certainly be helpful for biodiversity conservation today and after 2030, it may miss the chance to be a more comprehensive conservation policy.
Immune repertoire analysis of normal Chinese donors at different ages
Authors: Song Cailing , Pan Wenjing , Brown Brittany , Tang Congli , Huang Yunqi , Chen Houao , Peng Nan , Wang Zhe , Weber Daniel , Byrne‐Steele Miranda , Wu Haijing , Liu Hongna , Deng Yan , He Nongyue , Li Song
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study investigated the characteristics of the immune repertoire in normal Chinese individuals of different ages.

Materials and Methods

In this study, all seven receptor chains from both B and T cells in peripheral blood of 16 normal Chinese individuals from two age groups were analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing and dimer‐avoided multiplex PCR amplification. Normal in this study is defined as no chronic, infectious or autoimmune disease within 6 months prior to blood draw.

Results

We found that compared with the younger group, the clonal expression of T‐cell receptor repertoire increased in the older group, while diversity decreased. In addition, we found that the T‐cell receptor repertoire was more significantly affected by age than the B‐cell receptor repertoire, including significant differences in the use of the unique TCR‐alpha and TCR‐beta V‐J gene combinations, in the two groups of normal participants. We further analyzed the degree of complementarity determining region 3 sequence sharing between the two groups, and found shared TCR‐alpha, TCR‐gamma, immunoglobulin‐kappa and immunoglobulin‐lambda chain complementarity determining region 3 sequences in all subjects.

Conclusion

Taken together, our study gives us a better understanding of the immune repertoire of different normal Chinese people, and these results can be applied to the treatment of age‐related diseases. Immune repertoire analysis also allows us to observe participant's wellness, aiding in early‐stage diagnosis.
Stamping out wildlife disease: Are hunter‐funded stamp programs a viable option for chronic wasting disease management?
Authors: Ufer Danielle J. , Christensen Sonja A. , Ortega David L. , Pinizzotto Nick , Schuler Krysten
Published: August 2022

Stamp programs are a financial mechanism that can provide funding from stakeholders for conservation efforts. Sufficient funding is foundational for the management of wildlife and natural resources, especially for infectious disease control for diseases like chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer. This study uses contingent valuation in a nationwide hunter survey to evaluate the potential for state‐managed stamp programs to fund CWD prevention or management efforts. Results indicate that on average hunters are willing to pay between $11.45 and $21.93 for a voluntary CWD stamp. Willingness to pay varied by geographical location, CWD concern level, education, and participation in an archery season. Based on our analysis, stamp programs to fund CWD prevention or management may be a viable avenue for state conservation agencies to pursue.
Walking side‐by‐side: Supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians to lead the way in alcohol research
Authors: Lee K. S. Kylie , Wilson Scott , Stearne Annalee E. , Hayman Noel , Conigrave James H. , Doyle Michael , Bullen Lynette , Weatherall Teagan J. , James Doug , Reynolds Taleah , Perry Jimmy , Conigrave Katherine M. ,   Members, Investigators, Indigenous Advisory Group and staff of the Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol
Published: August 2022

Several initiatives have sought to increase the number of First Nations individuals with a higher degree in research (i.e., PhD or research masters)—in Australia and in similarly colonised countries. However, little has been written on day‐to‐day support structures and mechanisms that might help First Nations Australian candidates thrive in postgraduate research degrees and beyond. For sensitive research fields such as alcohol, emerging Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers must grapple with topics which are stigmatising and in some instances associated with traumatic associations. There is also a lack of studies internationally that describe optimal support for First Nations students undertaking a higher degree by research with a primary focus on alcohol. Here we discuss what we have learned from the support offered through the Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol—from the perspective of academic staff, students, trainees and early career researchers. We consider what may be generalisable lessons from this experience.
S2k guideline: Rosacea
Authors: Clanner‐Engelshofen Benjamin M. , Bernhard Dominik , Dargatz Sonja , Flaig Michael J. , Gieler Uwe , Kinberger Maria , Klövekorn Winfried , Kuna Anne‐Charlotte , Läuchli Severin , Lehmann Percy , Nast Alexander , Pleyer Uwe , Schaller Martin , Schöfer Helmut , Steinhoff Martin , Schwennesen Thomas , Werner Ricardo Niklas , Zierhut Manfred , Reinholz Markus
Published: August 2022

This updated and upgraded S2k guideline deals with the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea, which is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease mostly affecting the face. Initially, rosacea is characterized by recurrent erythema, telangiectasia and flushing. Later, the inflammatory component predominates, with persistent erythema with follicular papules, papulopustules and pustules. The development of phyma, which usually occurs on the acral localizations, is the most severe manifestation. For the treatment of rosacea, the interdisciplinary guideline committee, with representatives of the German Dermatological Society (DDG), the Professional Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), the German Opthalmological Society (DOG), the Society for Dermopharmacy (GD), the Swiss Society for Dermatology and Venereology (SGDV) and the German Rosacea Aid e. V., recommends the avoidance of trigger factors and topical applications of metronidazole, azelaic acid or ivermectin. For symptomatic treatment of persistent centrofacial erythema, the topical vasoconstrictors brimonidine or oxymetazoline can also be used. Systemic therapy is recommended for therapy‐resistant and severe forms of rosacea papulopustulosa. The drug of choice is low‐dose doxycycline. Alternatively, low‐dose isotretinoin can be recommended. Ocular rosacea should be treated with lid margin hygiene. For topical treatment, ciclosporin eye drops, azithromycin, ivermectin or metronidazole are suggested.
Endoscopic retrieval of a drainage tube fragment from the gallbladder by expanding the gallbladder with saline infusion
Authors: Nakatsubo Ryosuke , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Itoi Takao
Published: August 2022

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From clinic to community: A randomized controlled trial of a peer support model for adults with type 2 diabetes from specialty care settings in British Columbia
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Afshar Rowshanak , Elliott Thomas , Kong Jason , Gill Sabrina
Published: August 2022

Aims

To examine the impact of a 12‐month peer‐led diabetes self‐management support intervention delivered via telephone amongst adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from specialty care settings in British Columbia (BC).

Methods

One‐hundred ninety‐six adults with T2D were randomly assigned to either a 12‐month Peer‐Led, Empowerment‐based, Approach, to Self‐management Efforts in Diabetes (PLEASED) intervention or a usual care condition. PLEASED involved weekly telephone contacts from a peer leader (PL) in the first 3 months followed by bi‐weekly telephone contacts in the last 9 months. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 and 12 months. The primary outcome was HbA1c; secondary outcomes included diabetes distress (DD), ApoB, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body mass index, waist circumference and depressive symptoms.

Results

No within or between group changes were observed for HbA1c at 3 or 12 months. However, amongst participants with HbA1c ≥ 69 mmol/mol (8.5%), the PLEASED group significantly lowered their HbA1c at 12 months [−11.7 mmol/mol (−1.07%); 95% CI: −20.7, −2.5 (−1.89, −0.23); p = 0.016] compared to usual care. Amongst secondary outcomes, within‐group improvements in overall DD were found at 3 months (−0.21; 95% CI: −0.35, −0.08; p = 0.002) for the PLEASED group and at 12 months for both groups (PLEASED: −0.35; 95% CI: −0.49, −0.21; p < 0.001 and control: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.47, −0.19; p < 0.001), however, no between‐group differences were observed. The PLEASED group improved systolic BP at 12 months (−5.4 mm Hg; 95% CI: −10.0, −0.8; p = 0.023) compared to usual care.

Conclusions

Participation in a peer support intervention in diabetes delivered via telephone leads to long‐term improvements in HbA1c amongst high‐risk adults with T2D living in BC.

Trial registration: The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NT02804620).
Impact of imidazolium salts to reduce the infection of Bombyx mori caterpillars by Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Pessini Graziele Milani , Schrekker Henri Stephan , Demétrio da Silva Vinícius , Pares Rafaela Barbosa , Alves Luis Francisco Angeli , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Seixas Flávio Augusto Vicente , Fernandez Maria Aparecida
Published: August 2022

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), is susceptible to several entomopathogens, including the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales), which causes white muscardine. Aiming at effective alternatives for disease control, the effect of one pyridinium salt (PS) and seven imidazolium salts (IS) on biological parameters of this fungus – conidia germination, colony‐forming units (CFU), vegetative growth, and conidia production – were evaluated in vitro. Then, the in vivo action of the IS on silkworm larvae and pupae was verified. Preventive and curative actions of selected IS for disease suppression in B. mori caterpillars were evaluated either via oral or integumentary administration. When administered daily via feeding sheets, the IS 1,3‐di‐n‐decyl‐2‐methylimidazolium chloride at 100 μg ml−1 was effective in reducing the mortality of caterpillars by the fungal infection. In addition, it did not show any negative effects on developing B. mori larvae. Therefore, 1,3‐di‐n‐decyl‐2‐methylimidazolium chloride can be an effective tool in the management of white muscardine in silkworm rearing houses.
Generating Ectropis obliqua axenic larvae in support of functional microbiome studies
Authors: Su Qingqing , Zhao Yu , Zhou Linlin , Li Xiayu , Wu Zhenzhen , Zhang Yong , Yang Yunqiu , Long Yanhua
Published: August 2022

Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a serious leaf‐eating pest in tea gardens throughout China, with rich bacterial communities in the larval gut. Few studies have investigated whether these bacteria play an important role in growth, development, and adaptability of E. obliqua. Axenic larval models are a useful tool for the study of interactions between gut bacteria and host insects. At present, artificial diet and antibiotics are typically used to remove larval gut bacteria for study; however, this method may change the natural food of insects and the habitat provided by their host plants, and cannot completely eliminate insect gut bacteria. Therefore, in order to establish an axenic insect feeding model, we first investigated the effects of egg age, different disinfectant concentration, and treatment time on the eggs of E. obliqua through orthogonal experiments. Next, we fed E. obliqua larvae tissue‐cultured tea seedlings under aseptic conditions. Thus, we successfully generated a feeding model of gut axenic larvae in the laboratory. Based on it, we then compared the mortality of axenic and non‐axenic E. obliqua larvae infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. These results demonstrated the feasibility of this axenic larval model and that B. bassiana is a broad‐spectrum entomogenous fungus with a toxic effect on E. obliqua.
Traumatic synovial herniation of the medial femorotibial joint as an aetiology of hindlimb lameness in a horse
Authors: Loppnow Zach R. , Janke Jared , Klein Chelsea E. , Tatarniuk Dane M.
Published: August 2022

A 3‐year‐old Quarter Horse filly presented with an acute history of right hindlimb lameness. Examination of the right hind found moderate effusion in the medial femorotibial joint and a consistent grade 4/5 right hindlimb lameness. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the medial femorotibial joint revealed a disruption of the synovial membrane in the medial recess of the joint capsule. Arthroscopy of the medial femorotibial joint identified a tear in the joint capsule at the attachment to the medial collateral ligament. Treatment with autologous conditioned serum, rest and firocoxib resulted in improvement in overall lameness. Follow‐up examination revealed an improved lameness score; however, a synovial hernia was identified on sonographic evaluation of the joint.
Recommendations for quantifying and reducing uncertainty in climate projections of species distributions
Authors: Brodie Stephanie , Smith James A. , Muhling Barbara A. , Barnett Lewis A. K. , Carroll Gemma , Fiedler Paul , Bograd Steven J. , Hazen Elliott L. , Jacox Michael G. , Andrews Kelly S. , Barnes Cheryl L. , Crozier Lisa G. , Fiechter Jerome , Fredston Alexa , Haltuch Melissa A. , Harvey Chris J. , Holmes Elizabeth , Karp Melissa A. , Liu Owen R. , Malick Michael J. , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Richerson Kate , Rooper Christopher N. , Samhouri Jameal , Seary Rachel , Selden Rebecca L. , Thompson Andrew R. , Tommasi Desiree , Ward Eric J. , Kaplan Isaac C.
Published: August 2022

Projecting the future distributions of commercially and ecologically important species has become a critical approach for ecosystem managers to strategically anticipate change, but large uncertainties in projections limit climate adaptation planning. Although distribution projections are primarily used to understand the scope of potential change—rather than accurately predict specific outcomes—it is nonetheless essential to understand where and why projections can give implausible results and to identify which processes contribute to uncertainty. Here, we use a series of simulated species distributions, an ensemble of 252 species distribution models, and an ensemble of three regional ocean climate projections, to isolate the influences of uncertainty from earth system model spread and from ecological modeling. The simulations encompass marine species with different functional traits and ecological preferences to more broadly address resource manager and fishery stakeholder needs, and provide a simulated true state with which to evaluate projections. We present our results relative to the degree of environmental extrapolation from historical conditions, which helps facilitate interpretation by ecological modelers working in diverse systems. We found uncertainty associated with species distribution models can exceed uncertainty generated from diverging earth system models (up to 70% of total uncertainty by 2100), and that this result was consistent across species traits. Species distribution model uncertainty increased through time and was primarily related to the degree to which models extrapolated into novel environmental conditions but moderated by how well models captured the underlying dynamics driving species distributions. The predictive power of simulated species distribution models remained relatively high in the first 30 years of projections, in alignment with the time period in which stakeholders make strategic decisions based on climate information. By understanding sources of uncertainty, and how they change at different forecast horizons, we provide recommendations for projecting species distribution models under global climate change.
Health activism as nursing practice: A scoping review
Authors: Mundie Courtney , Donelle Lorie
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim was to assess the current literature investigating health activism within nursing practice.

Design

This was a scoping review of the literature utilizing the updated Levac et al.’s framework.

Data Source/Review Methods

A search of the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Allied Health databases was conducted for peer‐reviewed, English research published between January 2000 and April 2021.

Results

Thirty‐one articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study. The included research in nursing and health activism was heterogeneous in topic and method and primarily conducted in North America. Four themes resulted from the inductive thematic analysis: (1) Doing Health Activism, (2) Facilitators to Engaging in Health Activism, (3) Barriers to Health Activism Engagement and (4) Limited Education. Activism was not consistently defined and the term was used interchangeably with advocacy.

Conclusion

There is a gap between nursing scope of practice, and education and skills in health activism. There is limited research regarding health activism and what constitutes as health activism. There is an opportunity to improve health activism awareness and skills within the nursing profession and undergraduate education and to produce nursing research on health activism.

Impact

Health activism is integral to the nursing role, however, evidence suggests nurses lack confidence to engage in activism as practice. This is important for nurses across the world and in all care specialities.
Protective immunity by DNA vaccine against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus
Authors: Yang Bin , Guo Zi‐Rao , Zhao Zhao , Wang Tao , Yang Fei , Ling Fei , Zhu Bin , Wang Gao‐Xue
Published: August 2022

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is one of the common pathogens in the largemouth bass industry, which can cause lethal diseases in juvenile fish and enormous economic losses. To establish effective means to prevent MSRV infection, the pcDNA3.1‐G plasmid containing the MSRV glycoprotein gene was successfully constructed and intramuscularly injected into the largemouth bass to evaluate the immune responses and protective effects in our study. As the results showed, the serum antibody levels of the fish vaccinated with different doses of pcDNA3.1‐G were significantly higher compared with the control groups (PBS and pcDNA3.1). Meanwhile, the immune parameters (acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) were also significantly up‐regulated. Several immune‐related genes (IgM, IL‐8, IL‐12p40 and CD40) were expressed in the pcDNA3.1‐G groups at higher levels than in the control groups, which indicated that strong immune responses were induced. Besides, the survival percentages of fish in the control groups (PBS and pcDNA3.1) and pcDNA3.1‐G groups (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/fish) at 14 days after challenge experiment with MSRV were 0%, 0%, 6.1%, 15.2%, 29.0% and 48.5% respectively. This study indicated that pcDNA3.1‐G was a prospective DNA vaccine candidate against MSRV‐induced mortality.
Cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton
Authors: Ma Huanhuan , Wu Yuanlong , Lv Ruiling , Chi Huabin , Zhao Yunlong , Li Yanlong , Liu Hongbo , Ma Yizan , Zhu Longfu , Guo Xiaoping , Kong Jie , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu , Zhang Xianlong , Min Ling
Published: August 2022

The double‐recessive genic male‐sterile (ms) line ms5 ms6 has been used to develop cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids for many years, but its molecular‐genetic basis has remained unclear. Here, we identified the Ms5 and Ms6 loci through map‐based cloning and confirmed their function in male sterility through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Ms5 and Ms6 are highly expressed in stages 7–9 anthers and encode the cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases CYP703A2‐A and CYP703A2‐D. The ms5 mutant carries a single‐nucleotide C‐to‐T nonsense mutation leading to premature chain termination at amino acid 312 (GhCYP703A2‐A312aa), and ms6 carries three nonsynonymous substitutions (D98E, E168K, and G198R) and a synonymous mutation (L11L). Enzyme assays showed that GhCYP703A2 proteins hydroxylate fatty acids, and the ms5 (GhCYP703A2‐A312aa) and ms6 (GhCYP703A2‐DD98E,E168K,G198R) mutant proteins have decreased enzyme activities. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses showed that in ms5 ms6 plants, C12–C18 free fatty acid and phospholipid levels are significantly elevated in stages 7–9 anthers, while stages 8–10 anthers lack sporopollenin fluorescence around the pollen, causing microspore degradation and male sterility. Overall, our characterization uncovered functions of GhCYP703A2 in sporopollenin formation and fertility, providing guidance for creating male‐sterile lines to facilitate hybrid cotton production and therefore exploit heterosis for improvement of cotton.
Polycaprolactone scaffolds as a biomaterial for cementoblast delivery: An in vitro study
Authors: Abdalla Henrique B. , Marchioro Rayssa R. , Galvão Karen Elizabeth A. , Teixeira Lucas N. , Kantovitz Kamila R. , Millás Ana Luiza G. M. , Nociti Francisco H.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To define the potential of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold for cementoblast delivery.

Background

Dental cementum is critical for tooth attachment and position, and its regenerative capabilities remain unpredictable.

Methods

PCL scaffolds were manufactured by the electrospinning technique at 10% and 20% (w/v) and seeded with cementoblasts (OCCM‐30). Scaffolds were characterized for their morphology and biological performance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal and conventional histology, cytocompatibility (PrestoBlue assay), gene expression (type I collagen – Col1; bone sialoprotein – Bsp; runt‐related transcription factor 2 – Runx‐2; alkaline phosphatase – Alpl; osteopontin – Opn; osteocalcin – Ocn, osterix – Osx), and the potential to induce extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization in vitro.

Results

Overall, data analysis showed that PCL scaffolds allowed cell adhesion and proliferation, modulated the expression of key markers of cementoblasts, and led to enhanced extracellular matrix deposition and calcium deposition as compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Altogether, our findings allow concluding that PCL scaffolds are a viable tool to culture OCCM‐30 cells, leading to an increased potential to promote mineralization in vitro. Further studies should be designed in order to define the clinical relevance of cementoblast‐loaded PCL scaffolds to promote new cementum formation.
Islam and democracy
Authors: Khodaverdian Saeed
Published: August 2022

The Muslim countries have a lower democracy level on average than the other countries. Yet, this cross‐country comparison is not sufficient to blame Islam for the democracy deficit. This issue is related to the numerous fixed characteristics that differ across the countries and that also have an effect on democracy. When the differences are not considered, the estimates mix the effect of the fixed characteristics with the effect that Islam has on democracy. We show this issue for a large set of countries covering the period 1950–2015. In cross‐country comparisons, we find a negative link between the share of Muslims in the total population and common measures for democracy. Yet, when the fixed characteristics are considered, the negative link vanishes. Thus, the lower democracy level has to be due to a fixed characteristic; it cannot be associated to (time‐varying) Muslim shares. Numerous empirical specifications support this finding. We also measure Islam by the average per‐day length of fasting during the month of Ramadan exploring whether the intensity of practicing the core teachings of Islam has a negative effect on democracy. Again, the evidence rejects a negative effect of Islam on democracy. If anything, the effect is positive. The findings are important for social coexistence.
A Mencian Account of Resentment
Authors: Ooi Daryl
Published: August 2022

The reactive attitude of ‘resentment’ has been gaining increasing attention within contemporary philosophical literature. However, little attention has been given to the conceptions of resentment in Asian philosophy. In recent years, some philosophers have argued that there is a positive account of resentment in Confucian philosophy. This paper brings a recent Confucian account of resentment in conversation with contemporary philosophical discussions. The conversations revolve around aspects of resentment such as exculpatory conditions, payback, transition, and moral cultivation. The conversation not only adds clarity to the Mencian account, it also demonstrates potential contributions this account has to contemporary discussions on resentment.
Growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants induced by magnetic fields: A review
Authors: Hafeez M. B. , Zahra N. , Ahmad N. , Shi Z. , Raza A. , Wang X. , Li J.
Published: August 2022

The Earth's geomagnetic field (GMF) is an inescapable environmental factor for plants that affects all growth and yield parameters. Both strong and weak magnetic fields (MF), as compared to the GMF, have specific roles in plant growth and development. MF technology is an eco‐friendly technique that does not emit waste or generate harmful radiation, nor require any external power supply, so it can be used in sustainable modern agriculture. Thus, exposure of plants to MF is a potential affordable, reusable and safe practice for enhancing crop productivity by changing physiological and biochemical processes. However, the effect of MF on plant physiological and biochemical processes is not yet well understood. This review describes the effects of altering MF conditions (higher or lower values than the GMF) on physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The current contradictory and inconsistent outcomes from studies on varying effects of MF on plants could be related to species and/or MF exposure time and intensity. The reviewed literature suggests MF have a role in changing physiological processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water relations and biochemical attributes, including genes involved in ROS, antioxidants, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. MF application might efficiently increase growth and yield of many crops, and as such, should be the focus for future research.
Soil function assessment in high‐mountain environments: Testing the SEPP tool in a ski resort in the Italian Alps
Authors: Schaber Elisabeth , D'Amico Michele E. , Pintaldi Emanuele , Stanchi Silvia , Freppaz Michele , Geitner Clemens
Published: August 2022

Soil function assessment (SFA) plays an important role in evaluating the impact of management practices, land‐use changes and construction work. The Soil Evaluation for Planning Procedures (SEPP) tool is one of the few existing SFA tools that allow automated SFA. It was originally developed to address land‐use planning issues, which traditionally play a minor role in high‐mountain areas. Hence, the SEPP tool has not yet been applied to such environments. In this study, we tested the SEPP performance on high‐mountain soils previously altered by construction work and land‐use changes. Specifically, we evaluated soil data from 16 ski runs and 16 paired control sites in the Italian Alps, aiming to reflect land‐use‐driven differences in soil properties in the SFA results. The study revealed options to adapt SEPP assessment methods if high‐mountain soils with special characteristics (e.g. shallowness or high coarse fragment content) are investigated. The main adaptation options are the consideration of further soil parameters and the adjustment of thresholds of function fulfilment levels. However, the assessment results of the current SEPP version already reflect the most relevant impacts of ski run construction on the soils in the study area: fulfilment of some of the soil functions was impaired and that of others improved, while most remained at a comparable level. We conclude that SFA with the SEPP tool provides valuable support for the evaluation of construction projects and land‐use change in high‐mountain environments. However, the significance of SFA can be improved by considering the intrinsic properties of high‐mountain soils.
Comparing the thermal conductivity of three artificial soils under differing moisture and density conditions for use in green infrastructure
Authors: Lunt Paul H. , Fuller Kate , Fox Matthew , Goodhew Steve , Murphy Thomas R.
Published: August 2022

Soil‐based green infrastructure has the potential to improve building thermal performance and contribute to sustainable buildings. This study compares thermal conductivity response to soil moisture of three peat‐free artificial soils to evaluate their potential use within green roofs and living walls. Thermal conductivity was measured with changing soil moisture and density. All soils showed higher thermal conductivity measures with increases in soil moisture. The ‘Biochar‐coconut coir compost’ had the lowest thermal conductivity measures which displayed negligible response to density changes and exhibited the highest water holding capacity. When uncompacted, ‘FabSoil’ had low thermal conductivity measures, but when compacted, its measures were considerably higher. Results show the role of density on thermal performance will be soil type dependent. Overall, findings highlight the importance of considering substrate composition, density and suggest that peat‐free artificial soil substrates that contain biochar, have a higher percentage organic matter content and a finer particle texture are likely to result in lower thermal conductivity and higher soil water holding capacity. The results also showed that ThetaProbe measures (volumetric) had a high equivalence to actual soil moisture content (gravimetric), across different soil types and soil bulk densities. This finding supports the use of ThetaProbe measures as an effective method for monitoring soil moisture; with the potential for integration into irrigation control systems for green infrastructure. The findings of this paper offer the potential to improve building thermal performance by informing soil substrate choice, irrigation control and load bearing requirements in the design of green infrastructure.