bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between Variation of Labral Attachment and Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Lu Yi , Li Yue , Zhang Hailong , Li Xu , Li Fenglong , Jiang Chunyan
Published: December 2022

Objective

There was no universally accepted classification system that describes LHBT lesions as a type of its' pathology in patients with shoulder pain. This study aimed to determine the correlation of anatomic variants of glenoid labrum attachment of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) and to assess their association, if any, with its lesions in rotator cuff tear (RCT) patients.

Methods

All RCT patients from January 2016 to December 2019 were assessed arthroscopically to classify the LHBT labrum attachment according to its' anatomical location. A simplified classification was created to describe the LHBT as normal, tendinitis, subluxation or dislocation, partial tear and superior labral tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion beyond type II The RCT were classified as three types as partial, small to medium and large to massive. The correlation of variants of LHBT labral attachment with type of LHBT lesions in different RCT groups was evaluated.

Results

In total, 669 patients were included for evaluation. The attachment of the LHBT was entirely posterior in 23 shoulders (3.4%), posterior‐dominant in 81 shoulders (12.1%), and equal in 565 shoulders (84.4%). In equal distribution LHBT attachment group, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.928, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In the analysis of all patients, comparing with the partial thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT), the odds ratio of small to medium RCT and large to massive RCT was 2.398 and 6.606 respectively. In addition, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.854, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In posterior dominant group, size of RCT was a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions but not any others (P < 0.001). In entirely posterior group, no risk factor of LHBT lesions was found. It showed that the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions in rotator cuff repaired patients (p = 0.075).

Conclusions

There are three types of LHBT labrum attachment in RCT patients on arthroscopic observation. 84.4% were equal distribution of LHBT attachment on glenoid labrum, followed by posterior‐dominant (12.1%) and entirely posterior type (3.4%) in present study. Although the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesion in rotator cuff repaired(RCR) patients, there were different risk factors among three LHBT labral attachment types. In RCR patients, age > 60 and RCT size were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions.
Targeted memory reactivation during sleep influences social bias as a function of slow‐oscillation phase and delta power
Authors: Xia Tao , Antony James W. , Paller Ken A. , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: December 2022

To understand how memories are reactivated and consolidated during sleep, experimenters have employed the unobtrusive re‐presentation of memory cues from a variety of pre‐sleep learning tasks. Using this procedure, known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR), we previously found that reactivation of counter‐social‐bias training during post‐training sleep could selectively enhance training effects in reducing unintentional social biases. Here, we describe re‐analyses of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from this previous study to characterize neurophysiological correlates of TMR‐induced bias reduction. We found that TMR benefits in bias reduction were associated with (a) the timing of memory‐related cue presentation relative to the 0.1–1.5 Hz slow‐oscillation phase and (b) cue‐elicited EEG power within the 1–4 Hz delta range. Although cue delivery was at a fixed rate in this study and not contingent on the slow‐oscillation phase, cues were found to be clustered in slow‐oscillation upstates for those participants with stronger TMR benefits. Similarly, higher cue‐elicited delta power 250–1000 ms after cue onset was also linked with larger TMR benefits. These electrophysiological results substantiate the claim that memory reactivation altered social bias in the original study, while also informing neural explanations of these benefits. Future research should consider these sleep physiology parameters in relation to TMR applications and to memory reactivation in general.
Group‐based flow: The influence of cardiovascular synchronization and identifiability
Authors: Snijdewint Joyce A. , Scheepers Daan
Published: December 2022

Previous work has demonstrated the role of group‐based flow in group performance and experience, but the physiological correlates of these relations are largely unknown. We examined the relation between cardiovascular synchronization, self‐reported flow, and performance in a three‐person online gaming task. We included measures of Heart Rate (HR), Pre‐Ejection Period (PEP), and Cardiac Output (CO) as indices of task engagement and challenge (vs. threat) motivation. Group members were identifiable (i.e., visible) or anonymous during the game. Results indicated that PEP (as a marker of task engagement) and within‐group synchronization in PEP, predicted flow, and that synchronization in PEP mediated the relation between group performance and experienced flow. The anonymity vs. identifiability of group members did not play a role in these effects. Results are discussed in terms of implications for flow theory, group dynamics, and physiological synchrony.
How anger and fear influence policy narratives: Advocacy and regulation of oil and gas drilling in Colorado
Authors: Pierce Jonathan J. , Miller‐Stevens Katrina , Hicks Isabel , Castaneda Zilly Dova , Rangaraj Saigopal , Rao Evan
Published: December 2022

When advocating for policy change, coalitions rely on various elements and strategies of policy narratives, including emotions. However, past research on the Narrative Policy Framework, and more broadly on the policy process, has largely ignored the role of emotions. This paper argues that emotions, such as anger and fear, are central to how coalitions advocate for policy change. It explores the role of anger and fear in policy narratives by examining the oral testimony (n = 474) given over four legislative committee hearings in March 2019 concerning Colorado Senate Bill 19‐181. This bill changed the mission of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission to prioritize protecting the environment and public health over oil and gas development. This research finds the coalition that successfully supported the bill used anger towards the oil and gas industry, while those that opposed the bill relied more on fear of the uncertain consequences of the bill. It also finds the coalition that opposed the bill relied on self‐characterization as heroes and victims, which was a failed strategy. The implications for this research on the Narrative Policy Framework and, more broadly, for the policy process and advocacy are discussed.
Comparing the role of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in prospectively predicting active suicidal ideation
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , McClure Kenneth , Ammerman Brooke A.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has been foundational in guiding current suicide literature. Despite recent research underscoring fluctuations of suicidal ideation within hours, there have been few studies examining the key constructs of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness within an intensive framework. Thus, the current study aimed to add cumulative knowledge regarding the within‐person relationship between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and active suicidal ideation as assessed within an ecological momentary assessment design.

Method

A final sample of 35 individuals with a past‐year history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors completed brief surveys four times per day for 30 days.

Results

Findings highlighted that the addition of covariates may offer small improvements in modeling subsequent suicidal ideation, while controlling for SI at the prior time. Further, both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were associated with next timepoint suicidal ideation, and their interaction added little incremental value.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrate the potential importance of thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal ideation. Further, results highlight that the main effects of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, rather than their interaction, may be more important to consider in relation to active suicidal ideation.
Staining of stratum corneum with fluorescent ε‐poly‐L‐lysine and its application to evaluation of skin conditions
Authors: Yoshida Moemi , Numajiri Sana , Notani Nao , Sato Nao , Nomoto Koji , Arikawa Hitomi , Urabe Hiroya , Ichikawa Hideyuki , Akimoto Ryuji , Sato Jun‐ichi , Yamashita Yuji , Hirao Tetsuji
Published: December 2022

Background

ε‐Poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) is a cationic polymer consisting of 25 to 35 L‐lysine residues that adheres to the surface of skin as well as hair. However, the properties of PLL regarding its adhesion to the skin remain to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the staining of stratum corneum (SC) with fluorescence‐labeled PLL and explored its relationship with skin condition.

Materials and methods

Alexa Fluor 488‐labeled PLL (AF‐PLL) was reacted with tape‐stripped stratum corneum (SC), and the staining properties were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Clinical study was performed by measuring the water content of the cheek SC and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and the tape‐stripped SC was subjected to staining with AF‐PLL.

Results

AF‐PLL staining of the SC was inhibited at acidic pH or by the addition of high concentration of salt solution, suggesting the involvement of ionic interaction between PLL and the SC, at least in part. The AF‐PLL staining was inhibited by unlabeled PLL or various alkyl amines, but not by L‐lysine monomer. AF‐PLL staining was observed inside the corneocytes as well as surrounding cornified envelope. Clinical study revealed that AF‐PLL staining intensity of the SC was negatively correlated with its water content and positively correlated with its TEWL.

Conclusion

PLL can efficiently adhere to SC and AF‐PLL staining of SC can be applied to evaluate skin conditions.
Early Childhood Memories Are not Repressed: Either They Were Never Formed or Were Quickly Forgotten
Authors: Howe Mark L.
Published: December 2022

Early childhood events are rarely remembered in adulthood. In fact, memory for these early experiences declines during childhood itself. This holds regardless of whether these memories of autobiographical experiences are traumatic or mundane, everyday experiences. Indeed, what people tend to remember from their childhoods involves relatively innocuous experiences, ones often devoid of emotion. In this article, I provide an overview of the types of memories adults recall from their childhoods and the ages at which these memories are believed to have been formed. Along the way, I provide a brief exegesis of the neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of early memory development. I will show that changes and growth in neural interconnectivity as well as the development of various cognitive structures (e.g., the inception of the cognitive self) help propel the emergence of a mature autobiographical memory system, one that can and does serve as a reconstructive base for remembering events that occur in later childhood and adulthood. During the course of this review, I detail the nature of early memories, their fragility, and the adaptive consequences of forgetting and supplanting these memories with newer, more age‐appropriate experiences throughout childhood.
On the relationship between trade openness and government size
Authors: Bharati Tushar , Farhad Mohammad , Jetter Michael
Published: December 2022

Does trade openness systematically imply bigger governments, as proposed by Rodrik (Journal of Political Economy, 106, 997 and 1998)? This paper presents a novel and more refined explanation for when and why international trade may enlarge the public sector. We propose that trade openness is associated with bigger governments via the compensation pathway if the price volatility of a country's export basket is substantial and the country is democratic. The first condition satisfies the prior that trade openness introduces uncertainty and external risk. The second condition ensures that the people's desire for greater economic security can be realised through government spending. Empirical evidence for 137 countries, that account for approximately 95% of world population, from 2000–2016 is consistent with this hypothesis. Exploring areas of public spending, we find intuitive patterns. Consistent with the compensation hypothesis, government spending on economic affairs and housing increases significantly with trade openness, whereas spending on education, health care, and the military is not affected. As with our general result, this is only the case in democracies that are subject to high price volatility on the global market.
Modified B‐QUIET scoring of kidney images acquired by veterinary students in live canines with versus without sequential practice on ultrasound phantoms
Authors: Cheney Diane M , Voges Andra K , Ritter Nicola , Scallan Elizabeth , Chaney Kristin
Published: December 2022

Ultrasound phantoms are training tools that can help students learn basic ultrasound principles. The purpose of this prospective cohort design study was to determine whether preclinical veterinary students in a curriculum with more phantom training sessions acquire better‐quality ultrasound images of kidneys in live canines compared with students in a curriculum without sequential phantom training sessions. In clinical skills labs, 132 second‐year (2VM) and 130 third‐year (3VM) veterinary students obtained sagittal and transverse images of the left kidney of healthy, student‐owned dogs. Images were graded on proper identification/orientation, technique, and image anatomy using a modified Brightness Mode Quality Ultrasound Imaging Examination Technique, a modified standardized ultrasound interpretation scale. A two‐sample t‐test was used to compare 2VM and 3VM performance. 2VM students were inaugural members of a redesigned curriculum and had previously participated in eight clinical skills labs involving hands‐on ultrasound practice using phantoms and live animals prior to this study. The 3VM students were the final members of the prior curriculum and had previously participated in a single ultrasound lab using phantoms and a single ultrasound lab using live animals. For Identification/Orientation categories, 2VM students acquired slightly but statistically significantly better transverse images (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between identification/orientation tasks for sagittal images or for technique and image anatomy categories. The findings indicate that future studies assessing more sensitive evaluation tools and serial evaluation of students may be beneficial in monitoring student competency and assist in evaluating the role of phantoms in ultrasound training in the veterinary curriculum.
Hormesis mediates platelet‐rich plasma and wound healing
Authors: Calabrese Edward J. , Kapoor Rachna , Dhawan Gaurav , Calabrese Vittorio
Published: December 2022

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has become an accepted and general wound healing approach with an extremely wide range of applications. Despite considerable diversity in the composition of platelet‐rich plasma products that are applied in specific wound healing usage, it is widely recognised that such diverse platelet‐rich plasma complex mixtures routinely display hormetic‐like biphasic concentrations that are independent of the tissue treated and endpoints measured. The present paper is the first to place the area of platelet‐rich plasma‐biomedical research and applications within an hormetic framework. The platelet‐rich plasma area is also unique as it represents the application of the hormetic concept to the issue of complex biological mixtures.
Diophantine approximation in metric space
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M. , Koivusalo Henna , Ramírez Felipe A.
Published: December 2022

Diophantine approximation is traditionally the study of how well real numbers are approximated by rationals. We propose a model for studying Diophantine approximation in an arbitrary totally bounded metric space where the rationals are replaced with a countable hierarchy of “well‐spread” points, which we refer to asabstract rationals. We prove various Jarník–Besicovitch type dimension bounds and investigate their sharpness.
Linnik's large sieve and the L1$L^{1}$ norm of exponential sums
Authors: Eckels Emily , Jin Steven , Ledoan Andrew , Tobin Brian
Published: December 2022

The elementary method of Balog and Ruzsa and the large sieve of Linnik are utilized to investigate the behaviour of the norm of an exponential sum over the primes. A new proof of a lower bound due to Vaughan for the norm of an exponential sum formed with the von Mangoldt function is furnished.
A very short proof of the functional equation for ζ
Authors: Ball Keith
Published: December 2022

This article contains a 3/4‐page proof of the functional equation for Riemann's ζ function.
Permutations and the divisor graph of [1,n]
Authors: McNew Nathan
Published: December 2022

Let denote the set of permutations π ofnsuch that for each either or . These permutations can also be viewed as vertex‐disjoint directed cycle covers of the divisor graph on vertices with an edge between and if or . We improve on recent results of Pomerance by showing exists and that . We also obtain similar results for the set of permutations where for allj. The results rely on a graph theoretic result bounding the number of vertex‐disjoint directed cycle covers, which may be of independent interest.
Improving Simulation to Hardware Correlation of Autonomous Vehicles Operating on Low Friction Surfaces
Authors: Spike Nathan , Kurup Akhil , Chopp Derek , Bos Jeremy , Robinette Darrell
Published: December 2022

Simulation is a critical step in the development of autonomous driving technologies, allowing engineers to test control algorithms, path planners, and other dynamic vehicle behaviors in a risk-free, low-cost environment. Under normal driving conditions representative of paved, most vehicle models are suitable for accurate prediction of vehicle motion. On low friction surfaces, basic vehicle models do not display the variability in vehicle response to steering input that is observed on real-world low friction surfaces such as clear ice. This work presents distribution parameters for a stochastic friction grid map for use in simulating vehicle behavior on icy surfaces. Simulation data from rapid double lane changes are compared with vehicle response to the same paths on an ice rink test course. Strong correlation between the simulation and test vehicle is achieved with validation performed using previously developed control and path planning methods.
Atangana–Baleanu Semilinear Fractional Differential Inclusions With Infinite Delay: Existence and Approximate Controllability
Authors: Williams W. Kavitha , Vijayakumar V. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shukla Anurag
Published: December 2022

The main focus of this paper is centered around approximate controllability results of Atangana–Baleanu fractional differential systems with infinite delay. Using principles and ideas from the theory of multivalued maps, fractional calculus, and Bohnenblust–Karlin fixed point techniques, the key findings are established. We begin by emphasizing the existence of mild solutions, and then demonstrate the approximate controllability of the Atangana–Baleanu fractional control system. We then apply our findings to the theory of the neutral system.
Frequency-Energy Analysis of Coupled Linear Oscillator With Unsymmetrical Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Al-Shudeifat Mohammad A.
Published: December 2022

The underlying nonlinear dynamical behavior of a linear oscillator (LO) attached with nonlinear energy sink (NES) is usually revealed by studying the LO-NES system on the frequency-energy plot (FEP). Accordingly, different kinds of periodic motions on the backbone curves of the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and their associated subharmonic branches are analyzed. Here, the considered unsymmetrical nonlinear energy sink (UNES) incorporates a cubic stiffness element in one direction of the motion and a weak linear restoring coupling stiffness in both directions of the motion. This UNES is attached with the LO in the LO-UNES system which is studied here on the FEP. Therefore, the obtained FEP of the LO-UNES system is generated and analyzed. Accordingly, several unsymmetrical backbone curves of periodic oscillations between the UNES mass and the LO mass at 1:1 resonance have been obtained for broad range of nonlinear frequency levels.
Widespread formation of toxic nitrated bisphenols indoors by heterogeneous reactions with HONO
Authors: Yang Diwen , Liu Qifan , Wang Sizhi , Bozorg Matin , Liu Jiabao , Nair Pranav , Balaguer Patrick , Song Datong , Krause Henry , Ouazia Boualem , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Peng Hui
Published: December 2022

With numerous structurally diverse indoor contaminants, indoor transformation chemistry has been largely unexplored. Here, by integrating protein affinity purification and nontargeted mass spectrometry analysis (PUCA), we identified a substantial class of previously unrecognized indoor transformation products formed through gas-surface reactions with nitrous acid (HONO). Through the PUCA, we identified a noncommercial compound, nitrated bisphenol A (BPA), from house dust extracts strongly binding to estrogen-related receptor γ. The compound was detected in 28 of 31 house dust samples with comparable concentrations (ND to 0.30 μg/g) to BPA. Via exposing gaseous HONO to surface-bound BPA, we demonstrated it likely forms via a heterogeneous indoor chemical transformation that is highly selective toward bisphenols with electron-rich aromatic rings. We used
15
N-nitrite for in situ labeling and found 110 nitration products formed from indoor contaminants with distinct aromatic moieties. This study demonstrates a previously unidentified class of chemical reactions involving indoor HONO, which should be incorporated into the risk evaluation of indoor contaminants, particularly bisphenols.
A Triassic crown squamate
Authors: Whiteside David I. , Chambi-Trowell Sofía A. V. , Benton Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Mammals, birds, and squamates (lizards, snakes, and relatives) are key living vertebrates, and thus understanding their evolution underpins important questions in biodiversity science. Whereas the origins of mammals and birds are relatively well understood, the roots of squamates have been obscure. Here, we report a modern-type lizard from the Late Triassic of England [202 million years (Ma)], comprising a partial skeleton, skull, and mandibles. It displays at least 15 unique squamate traits and further shares unidentatan and anguimorph apomorphies. The new discovery fixes the origin of crown Squamata as much older than had been thought, and the revised dating shows substantial diversification of modern-type squamates following the Carnian Pluvial Episode, 232 Ma ago.
Treatment of epilepsy using a targeted p38γ kinase gene therapy
Authors: Morey Nicolle , Przybyla Magdalena , van der Hoven Julia , Ke Yazi D. , Delerue Fabien , van Eersel Janet , Ittner Lars M.
Published: December 2022

Hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau has been implicated in dementia, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. In contrast, site-specific phosphorylation of tau at threonine 205 (T205) by the kinase p38γ was shown to disengage tau from toxic pathways, serving a neuroprotective function in Alzheimer’s disease. Using a viral-mediated gene delivery approach in different mouse models of epilepsy, we show that p38γ activity–enhancing treatment reduces seizure susceptibility, restores neuronal firing patterns, reduces behavioral deficits, and ameliorates epilepsy-induced deaths. Furthermore, we show that p38γ-mediated phosphorylation of tau at T205 is essential for this protection in epilepsy, as a lack of this critical interaction reinstates pathological features and accelerates epilepsy in vivo. Hence, our work provides a scope to harness p38γ as a future therapy applicable to acute neurological conditions.
Discovery of BODIPY J-aggregates with absorption maxima beyond 1200 nm for biophotonics
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Jiang Zhiyong , Liang Zhaolun , Wang Tianzhu , Chen Yuncong , Liu Zhipeng
Published: December 2022

Organic dyes with absorption maxima in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II; 1000 to 1700 nm) are of great interest in biophotonics. However, because of the lack of appropriate molecular scaffolds, current research in this field is limited to cyanine dyes, and developing NIR-II–absorbing organic dyes for biophotonics remains an immense challenge. Here, we rationally designed an ethenylene-bridged BODIPY scaffold featuring excellent J-aggregation capabilities and revealed that the bridging ethylene unit is crucial for intermolecular J-coupling regulation. By integrating the electron-donating groups into the scaffold, we obtained a BODIPY dye, BisBDP2, with a J-aggregate absorption maximum of around 1300 nm. BisBDP2 J-aggregates show excellent photothermal performance, including intense photoacoustic response, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency value of 63%. In vivo results demonstrate the potential of J-aggregates for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of deep-seated tumors. This study will speed up the exploration of NIR-II–absorbing J-aggregates for future biophotonic applications.
Bioinspired robot skin with mechanically gated electron channels for sliding tactile perception
Authors: Li Sheng , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Xiangming , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Nie Bangbang , He Juan , Shao Jinyou
Published: December 2022

Human-like tactile perception is critical for promoting robotic intelligence. However, reproducing tangential “sliding” perception of human skin is still struggling. Inspired by the lateral gating mechanosensing mechanism of mechanosensory cells, which perceives mechanical stimuli by lateral tension–induced opening-closing of ion channels, we report a robot skin (R-skin) with mechanically gated electron channels, achieving ultrasensitive and fast-response sliding tactile perception via pyramidal artificial fingerprint-triggered opening-closing of electron gates (E-gates, namely, customized V-shaped cracks within embedded mesh electron channels). By imitating cytomembrane to modulate membrane mechanics, local strain is enhanced at E-gates to effectively regulate electron pathways for high sensitivity while weakened at other positions to suppress random cracks for robust stability. The R-skin can directly recognize ultrafine surface microstructure (5 μm) at a response frequency (485 Hz) outshining humans and achieve human-like sliding perception functions, including dexterously distinguishing texture of complex-shaped objects and providing real-time feedback for grasping.
Detrital glass in a Bering Sea sediment core yields a ca. 160 ka Marine Isotope Stage 6 age for Old Crow tephra
Authors: Reyes Alberto V. , Jensen Britta J.L. , Woudstra Shaun H. , Bolton Matthew S.M. , Buryak Serhiy D. , Cook Mea S. , Harvey Jordan , Westgate John A.
Published: December 2022

For decades, the Old Crow tephra has been a prominent stratigraphic marker for the onset of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, the last interglaciation, in subarctic northwest North America. However, new zircon U-Pb dates for the tephra suggest that the tephra was deposited ca. 207 ka during MIS 7, with wide-ranging implications for chronologies of glaciation, paleoclimate, relict permafrost, and phylogeography. We analyzed ~1900 detrital glass shards from 28 samples collected at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1345 in the Bering Sea, which has a well-constrained age model from benthic foraminiferal δ18O. Except for one possibly contaminant shard dated at 165 ka, Old Crow tephra was absent from all samples spanning 220–160 ka. Old Crow tephra appeared abruptly at 157 ka, comprising >40% of detrital shards between 157 and 142 ka. This abrupt increase in the concentration of detrital Old Crow tephra, its absence in earlier intervals, and its presence at low concentrations in all samples between 134 and 15 ka collectively indicate that the tephra was deposited during the middle of MIS 6 with a likely age of 159 ± 8 ka. As a result, the late Quaternary chronostratigraphic framework for unglaciated northwest North America remains intact, and the timing of key events in the region (e.g., bison entry into North America; interglacial paleoclimate; permafrost history; the penultimate glaciation) does not require wholesale revision.
Metformin in pregnancy and risk of abnormal growth outcomes at birth: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Brand Kerstin MG , Thoren Robyn , Sõnajalg Jaak , Boutmy Emmanuelle , Foch Caroline , Schlachter Judith , Hakkarainen Katja M , Saarelainen Laura
Published: December 2022

Introduction

We previously reported an increased risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) and a decreased risk of being large for gestational age (LGA) after in utero exposure to metformin compared with insulin exposure. This follow-up study investigated if these observations remain when metformin exposure (henceforth, metformin cohort) is compared with non-pharmacological antidiabetic treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; naïve cohort), instead of insulin.

Research design and methods 

This was a Finnish population register-based cohort study from singleton children born during 2004–2016. Birth outcomes from metformin cohort (n=3964) and the naïve cohort (n=82 675) were used in the main analyses. Additional analyses were conducted in a subcohort, restricting the metformin cohort to children of mothers with GDM only (n=2361). Results were reported as inverse probability of treatment weighted OR (wOR), with the naïve cohort as reference.

Results  

No difference was found for the outcome of SGA between the cohorts in the main analyses (wOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.27) or in the additional analyses (wOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.37). No difference between the cohorts was found for the risk of LGA (wOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.11) in the main analyses but a decreased risk was observed in the additional analyses (wOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.92).

Conclusions 

This follow-up study found no increase in the risk of SGA or LGA after in utero exposure to metformin, compared with drug-naïve GDM. The decreased risk of LGA in mothers with GDM may suggest residual confounding. The lack of increased SGA risk aligns with findings from studies using metformin in non-diabetic pregnancies. In contrast, lower birth weight and increased SGA birth risk were observed in GDM pregnancies for metformin versus insulin. Metformin should be avoided with emerging growth restriction in utero. The interplay of intrauterine hyperglycemia and pharmacological treatments needs further assessment.
Effects of prevention programmes on injury risk in military personnel: a
systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bunn Priscila Dos Santos , Sodré R d S , Matos M I , Saliba G F , Silva G d P , Caldas R , Esteves J d S , Silva E B
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Exercise programmes have been used to prevent injuries in military
personnel, as they can reduce modifiable risk factors for injuries. Our
aim was to review the literature to evaluate the effects of different
exercise protocols on the prevention of injuries in military
personnel.

Methods

A systematic literature review examined the effects of different
exercise protocols on the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in the
military. Several databases were explored to find experimental studies
that investigated the effects of prevention programmes on the risk of
injury. We have extracted from the studies: profile of participants,
sample size, study design and characteristics of the control group (CG),
the type of intervention and the relative risk (RR) in the experimental
group and CG, with their significance levels. For data analysis, we used
the RevMan V.5.3 software. The measure of RR was investigated. The risk
of publication bias was analysed with Begg’s test.

Results

A total of 13 694 titles and studies were recovered from the
databases and by manual search. After the removal of duplicate titles
and studies that did not meet the eligibility criteria, 17 studies were
selected. The protocols were composed of neuromuscular training,
stretching, agility training or combined exercises. The meta-analysis
showed that injury prevention exercise programmes reduced the risk of
musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel by 14% (RR=0.86; 95%
CI=0.76 to 0.98).

Conclusion

Injury prevention exercise programmes promoted a slight reduction in
the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel.

Level of evidence

Very low.

Trial registration number

CRD 42017077946.
GPC2 antibody–drug conjugate reprograms the neuroblastoma immune milieu to enhance macrophage-driven therapies
Authors: Pascual-Pasto Guillem , McIntyre Brendan , Shraim Rawan , Buongervino Samantha N , Erbe Amy K , Zhelev Doncho V , Sadirova Shakhnozakhon , Giudice Anna M , Martinez Daniel , Garcia-Gerique Laura , Dimitrov Dimiter S , Sondel Paul M , Bosse Kristopher R
Published: December 2022

Background

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) that deliver cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells have emerged as an effective and safe anticancer therapy. ADCs may induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote additional endogenous antitumor immune responses. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory properties of D3-GPC2-PBD, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer-bearing ADC that targets glypican 2 (GPC2), a cell surface oncoprotein highly differentially expressed in neuroblastoma.

Methods

ADC-mediated induction of ICD was studied in GPC2-expressing murine neuroblastomas in vitro and in vivo. ADC reprogramming of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment was profiled by RNA sequencing, cytokine arrays, cytometry by time of flight and flow cytometry. ADC efficacy was tested in combination with macrophage-driven immunoregulators in neuroblastoma syngeneic allografts and human patient-derived xenografts.

Results

The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC induced biomarkers of ICD, including neuroblastoma cell membrane translocation of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSP70/90) and release of high-mobility group box 1 and ATP. Vaccination of immunocompetent mice with ADC-treated murine neuroblastoma cells promoted T cell-mediated immune responses that protected animals against tumor rechallenge. ADC treatment also reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment to a proinflammatory state in these syngeneic neuroblastoma models, with increased tumor trafficking of activated macrophages and T cells. In turn, macrophage or T-cell inhibition impaired ADC efficacy in vivo, which was alternatively enhanced by both CD40 agonist and CD47 antagonist antibodies. In human neuroblastomas, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC also induced ICD and promoted tumor phagocytosis by macrophages, which was further enhanced when blocking CD47 signaling in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

We elucidated the immunoregulatory properties of a GPC2-targeted ADC and showed robust efficacy of combination immunotherapies in diverse neuroblastoma preclinical models.
Anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody promotes T cell infiltration and exhibits enhanced antitumor activity in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yi Ming , Wu Yuze , Niu Mengke , Zhu Shuangli , Zhang Jing , Yan Yongxiang , Zhou Pengfei , Dai Zhijun , Wu Kongming
Published: December 2022

Background

Agents blocking programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have been approved for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the response rate of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 is still unsatisfactory, partly due to immunosuppressive factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). In our previous pilot study, the bispecific antibody targeting TGF-β and murine PD-L1 (termed YM101) showed potent antitumor effect. In this work, we constructed a bispecific antibody targeting TGF-β and human PD-L1 (termed BiTP) and explored the antitumor effect of BiTP in TNBC.

Methods

BiTP was developed using Check-BODYTMbispecific platform. The binding affinity of BiTP was measured by surface plasmon resonance, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The bioactivity was assessed by Smad and NFAT luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and superantigen stimulation assays. The antitumor activity of BiTP was explored in humanized epithelial-mesenchymal transition-6-hPDL1 and 4T1-hPDL1 murine TNBC models. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-seq were used to investigate the effect of BiTP on immune cell infiltration.

Results

BiTP exhibited high binding affinity to dual targets. In vitro experiments verified that BiTP effectively counteracted TGF-β-Smad and PD-L1-PD-1-NFAT signaling. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that BiTP had superior antitumor activity relative to anti-PD-L1 and anti-TGF-β monotherapy. Mechanistically, BiTP decreased collagen deposition, enhanced CD8+T cell penetration, and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This improved tumor microenvironment contributed to the potent antitumor activity of BiTP.

Conclusion

BiTP retains parent antibodies’ binding affinity and bioactivity, with superior antitumor activity to parent antibodies in TNBC. Our data suggest that BiTP might be a promising agent for TNBC treatment.
Longitudinal analyses of catch-at-age data for reconstructing year-class strength, with an application to lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the main basin of Lake Huron
Authors: He Ji X. , Honsey Andrew E. , Staples David F. , Bence James R. , Claramunt Tracy
Published: December 2022

We investigated using longitudinal models to reconstruct year-class strength (YCS) from catch-at-age data, with an example application to lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) in the main basin of Lake Huron. The best model structure depended on the age range used for model implementation. The YCS trajectory from the full age range (3–30 years) was similar to the trajectory from a narrow age range that approximated the age of recruitment to the fishing gears (5–7 years), but YCS estimates from the full age range included additional variations due to time-dependent selectivity and mortality. When using ages younger or older than the likely ages of recruitment, YCS estimates did not represent recruitment abundances and were also biased by trends in age-specific selectivity and mortality across years. Longitudinal YCS estimates are likely more robust than single-age recruitment indices, which are often subject to interannual changes in catchability and selectivity. Our findings provide guidance for future applications of the longitudinal YCS reconstruction that in turn may inform and supplement more comprehensive research and management programs for understanding fish recruitment dynamics.
Double and multiple bangs at tau neutrino telescopes
Authors: Huang Guo-yuan
Published: December 2022

In light of the exciting campaign of cosmogenic neutrino detection, we investigate the double and multiple tau bangs detectable at future tau neutrino telescopes. Such events are expected from the Standard Model (SM) higher-order processes, which can be easily identified with broad techniques anticipated at future tau neutrino telescopes. We find that SM perturbative processes can already contribute observable double-bang events to telescopes with a sensitivity of collecting$${\mathcal {O}}(100)$$O(100)cosmogenic neutrino events. The detectable but suppressed rate in fact makes the double and multiple bangs an excellent probe of SM unknowns and possible new physics beyond. As a case study, the nonperturbative sphaleron process, which can copiously produce multiple tau bangs, is explored.
On the analogy between stochastic electrodynamics and nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Santos Emilio
Published: December 2022

I expose nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics in the Weyl–Wigner representation. Hence, I prove that an approximation to first order in Planck constant has a formal analogy with stochastic electrodynamics (SED), that is classical electrodynamics of charged particles immersed in a random radiation filling space. The analogy elucidates why SED agrees with quantum theory for particle Hamiltonians quadratic in coordinates and momenta, but fails otherwise.
Predicting the Emergence of Multistability in a Monoparametric PWL System
Authors: Echenausía-Monroy J. L. , Jafari S. , Huerta-Cuellar G. , Gilardi-Velázquez H. E.
Published: December 2022

One of the main problems in the study of dynamical systems is to explore the asymptotic behavior of the model when a parameter varies continuously. When these variations lead to the appearance of coexisting states, the study of the global properties of the system becomes an even more complex task, since it is almost impossible to predict the stability change. In this paper, we present a simple method for characterizing qualitative changes in the dynamics of a family of Piece-Wise Linear (PWL) chaotic systems, that transit from monostable to multistable behavior by a single bifurcation parameter. By characterizing the magnitude of the stable and unstable manifolds associated with the eigendirections, it is possible to analytically find tipping points in the linear model that are consistent with the occurrence of coexisting states in the dynamics. The results show agreement between the bifurcation diagrams of the linear operator, the bifurcation diagrams of the PWL system, and the multistability phenomenon validation in analog electronics. The presented work makes it possible to know the mechanism by which the system exhibits the break of its stability and the corresponding basin of attraction. This introduces a new methodology for the analysis of dynamical systems in search of dynamical changes such as coexisting attractors.
A New 4D Chaos System with an Encryption Algorithm for Color and Grayscale Images
Authors: Parvaz Reza , Yengejeh Yavar Khedmati , Behroo Yousef
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a new 4D chaos system is introduced based on the mathematical structure through composing and transferring. The behavior of the proposed chaotic system is studied using different tests, such as Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram and histogram. In order to show the advantage of the new chaos system, the proposed system is used for image encryption. In the proposed algorithm, in addition to the new chaos system, cellular automata is also used to improve the security of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm has a separate structure for encryption key, which increases the security of the proposed algorithm. The security of the proposed environment which is evaluated using different types of security tests shows the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Remembering Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky
Authors: Chua Leon O. , Chen Guanrong
Published: December 2022

Professor Oleksandr M. Sharkovsky (December 7, 1936–November 21, 2022) was an honorary editorial board member of the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos.

He left to the scientific world a famous Sharkovsky theorem established in his 1964 paper "Coexistence of Cycles of a Continuous Map of the Line into Itself," which laid the foundation of a new branch in the theory of dynamical systems — combinatorial dynamics. His contributions also include the Sharkovsky ordering, Sharkovsky space, Sharkovsky set, Sharkovsky stratification, and maximum period in the sense of Sharkovsky, among others.

Professor Sharkovsky will be remembered forever.
Helicoidal surfaces in some conformally flat pseudo-spaces of dimensional three
Authors: Yerli̇kaya Fırat
Published: December 2022

We introduce the complete pseudo-Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text] with a conformally flat pseudo-metric satisfying Einstein’s equation. First, we get a theorem that associates the curvatures of a non-degenerate surface belonging to conformally equivalent spaces, say [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Next, we evaluate the existence of non-degenerate helicoidal surfaces in some conformally flat pseudo-spaces with pseudo-metrics corresponding to particular conformal factors (for example, a certain rotational symmetry with translational symmetry). We determine these conformal factors according to the causal characters of the axis of rotation. Right after, we get a two-parameter family of non-degenerate helicoidal surfaces with prescribed extrinsic curvature or mean curvature given by smooth functions, corresponding to both spacelike and timelike axes of rotation. As for the lightlike axis, we discuss some particular cases.
A Study on Synergizing the Reduction of Air Pollution and Carbon Emissions in China and Policy Implication
Authors: ZHANG Li , CAO Libin , LEI Yu , CAI Bofeng , DONG Guangxia
Published: December 2022

Most conventional air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) are simultaneously emitted from the same sources, providing a sound theoretical basis for the synergistic governance of these emissions. At present, China faces severe challenges in protecting the eco-environment, such as reducing conventional pollutants, improving environmental quality, and peaking CO2 emissions. Internationally, the control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been incorporated into the comprehensive environmental management system in major developed economies such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), where, based on GHG emissions monitoring and statistical data, decision-making support is provided for the national governments in the form of policy evaluation, thus forming a management mode that enables overall planning, coordination, and unified regulatory at the national level and participation of multiple departments under the national government. The synergistic control of conventional air pollutants and GHGs is becoming an important measure to strengthen the environmental management and achieve low-carbon development. This paper summarizes the synergistic effects of reducing air pollution and carbon emissions from the aspects of synergistic policies, strategic planning, and institutional systems, and conducts an analysis based on existing synergistic practices.
Enantioselective Behavior of Flumequine Enantiomers and Metabolites’ Identification in Sediment
Authors: Xue Moyong , Gu Xu , Qin Yuchang , Li Junguo , Meng Qingshi , Jia Ming
Published: December 2022

The enantioselective adsorption, degradation, and transformation of flumequine (FLU) enantiomers in sediment were investigated to elucidate the enantioselective environmental behaviors. The results of adsorption test showed that stereoselective differences of FLU enantiomers in sediment samples and the adsorbing capacity of S-(−)-FLU and R-(+)-FLU are higher than the racemate, and the pH values of the sediment determined the adsorption capacity. Enantioselective degradation behaviors were found under nonsterilized conditions and followed pseudo-first-order kinetic. The R-(+)-FLU was preferentially degraded, and there was significant enantioselectivity of the degradation of FLU. It can be concluded that the microorganism was the main reason for the stereoselective degradation in sediments. The physicochemical property of sediments, such as pH value and organic matter content, can affect the degradation rate of FLU. In addition, the process of transformation of FLU enantiomers in water-sediment system had enantioselective behavior, and R-(+)-FLU was preferential transformed. Meanwhile, the main metabolites of FLU in the sediment were decarboxylate and dihydroxylation products. This study contributes the evidence of comprehensively assessing the fate and risk of chiral FLU antibiotic and enantioselective behavior in the environment.