bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FT‐IR, FT‐Raman, SERS spectra and computational calculations of 4‐ethyl‐N‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐nitrophenyl)benzamide
Authors: Panicker C. Yohannan , Varghese Hema Tresa , Ushakumari L. , Ertan Tugba , Yildiz Ilkay , Granadeiro Carlos M. , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Mary Y. Shyma
Published: September 2009

Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and FT‐Raman spectra of 4‐ethyl‐N‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐nitrophenyl)benzamide were recorded and analyzed. A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum was recorded in silver colloid. The vibrational wavenumbers and corresponding vibrational assignments were examined theoretically using the Gaussian03 set of quantum chemistry codes. The red shift of the NH stretching wavenumber in the infrared spectrum from the computational wavenumber indicates the weakening of the NH bond resulting in proton transfer to the neighboring oxygen atom. The simultaneous IR and Raman activation of the CO stretching mode gives the charge transfer interaction through a π‐conjugated path. The presence of methyl modes in the SERS spectrum indicates the nearness of the methyl group to the metal surface, which affects the orientation and metal molecule interaction. The first hyperpolarizability and predicted infrared intensities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive subject for future studies of nonlinear optics. Optimized geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with reported structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of pressure–viscosity coefficient of lubricating oils based on sound velocity
Authors: Mia Sobahan , Ohno Nobuyoshi
Published: September 2009

The pressure–viscosity coefficient is an important parameter in tribology. Experimentally, it is calculated using the high‐pressure viscosity measurement. Also, the adiabatic bulk modulus is calculated using the sound velocity in the lubricating oil. Several lubricating oils are considered on the group basis such as traction oil, mineral oil, polyalphaolefin oil, perfluoropolyether oil and glycerol, depending on their molecular structure. Experimental pressure–viscosity coefficient is compared with the adiabatic bulk modulus. It is found that the pressure–viscosity coefficient increases exponentially with the adiabatic bulk modulus, and the relationship depends on the molecular structure of the lubricating oils. This study proposes two equations to predict the pressure–viscosity coefficient from the adiabatic bulk modulus based on sound velocity, one for the traction oil, and another for the paraffinic mineral oil and the polyalphaolefin oil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein contributes to human antigen R and cyclin E1 deregulation in breast cancer
Authors: Guo Xun , Wu Yuehan , Hartley Rebecca S.
Published: September 2009

The cell cycle regulator cyclin E1 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers. In breast cancer, elevated cyclin E1 correlates with poor outcome, as do high cytoplasmic levels of the stress‐induced RNA‐binding protein human antigen R (HuR). We showed previously that increased cytoplasmic HuR elevates cyclin E1 in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by stabilizing its mRNA. We show here that cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) co‐regulates cyclin E1 with HuR in breast cancer cells. CIRP had been shown to interact with HuR in Xenopus laevis oocytes and to be decreased in endometrial cancer. To investigate if human CIRP and HuR co‐regulate cyclin E1, HuR and CIRP levels were altered in MCF‐7 cells and effects on cyclin E1 assessed. Altering HuR expression resulted in a reciprocal change in CIRP expression, while altering CIRP expression resulted in corresponding changes in HuR and cyclin E1 expression. CIRP and HuR co‐precipitated in the presence of RNA and CIRP enhanced HuR binding to the cyclin E1 mRNA and increased cyclin E1 mRNA stability. CIRP co‐localized with HuR predominantly in the nucleus, but also in discrete cytoplasmic foci identified as stress granules (SGs). CIRP overexpression increased the number of HuR‐containing SGs, while its knockdown decreased them. Our results suggest that CIRP positively regulates HuR, ultimately resulting in increased protein synthesis of at least one of its targets. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta‐structured one‐unit‐cell epsilon negative antenna
Authors: Jang Seongnam , Lee Bomson
Published: September 2009

This Letter presents a metamaterial‐based compact one‐unit‐cell epsilon negative zeroth‐order resonant antenna designed on a microstrip line. The size of the proposed antenna is only 7.85 mm × 18 mm (or 0.05λ0 × 0.12λ0) at 1.79 GHz owing to zeroth‐order resonance. Closed‐form design equations for the proposed antenna are provided based on the equivalent circuit employing transmission line theory considering radiation loss. The return losses based on circuit/EM simulations and measurement are in excellent agreement. The measured antenna bandwidth is 17 MHz (about 1%) and total gain is 2.6 dBi. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2991–2994, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24751
Ultrafast clock and carrier recovery with amplified loop and saw filter at 1.25 GHz
Authors: Magri Vanessa P. R. , Lima Rodolfo A. A. , Silva Claumir S. , Mosso Marbey M.
Published: September 2009

An ultrafast circuit for clock and carrier recovery in the microwave frequency range is presented. The circuit consists of a feedback loop amplifier with quadrate‐balanced amplification. It was fabricated on a common FR‐4 substrate, using only commercial surface mount devices components and having a surface acoustic wave filter as the resonant element. The basic feedback circuit was simulated and also realized. Experimental results demonstrate the clock recovery of a Gigabit Ethernet connection and the carrier recovery of a frequency modulation signal. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2929–2933, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24766
A miniature 5.2‐GHz bandstop microstrip filter using multilayer‐technique and coupled octagonal defected ground structure
Authors: Boutejdar Ahmed , Omar Abbas
Published: September 2009

In this article, we propose a new compact defected ground structure (DGS) bandstop filter with broad pass‐band, low insertion loss in the stop‐band, and sharp transition from pass‐ to stop‐band. The bandstop filter structure is simple as it is composed of a pair of octagonal DGS slots and open stubs as a compensated microstrip capacitance. The filter is realized as a multiplayer structure with wide lossless stop‐band. The behavior of the filter has been investigated using EM as well as lumped‐element equivalent circuit model simulations. The design equations are derived using an equivalent circuit model of a parallel L–C resonator. The proposed filter has been optimized, fabricated, and measured. The agreement between the simulated and measured results confirms the effectiveness of the proposed concept. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2810–2813, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24770
Triple‐band dual rectangular ring printed monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Yi , Chu Qing‐Xin
Published: September 2009

A novel coplanar waveguide‐fed triple‐band antenna with omni directional radiation patters in the azimuth plane is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two closed rectangular rings monopole and an inverted‐T strip. It can provide three separate impedance bandwidths of 17.5%, range from 2.38 to 2.82 GHz; bandwidth of 16%, range from 3.32 to 3.88 GHz; and bandwidths of 25.5%, range from 5.13 to 6.53GHz, respectively, covering all the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2845–2848, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24773
An inkjet‐printed inverted‐F antenna for 2.4‐GHz wrist applications
Authors: Palukuru Vamsi K. , Pekonen Arto , Pynttäri Vesa , Mäkinen Riku , Hagberg Juha , Jantunen Heli
Published: September 2009

In this article, an inkjet‐printed inverted‐F antenna suitable for a watch‐type wireless communication device is presented. The antenna and covering the 2.4 WLAN band (2.4–2.484 GHz) has thickness (2 mm3) and size (40 × 25 mm2). The performance of the printed antenna is experimentally studied and compared with a reference antenna made of Rogers copper laminate. The effect of inkjet‐printed layer thickness on the antenna performance is presented. In addition, the impact of the user's hand proximity on the antenna performance is studied experimentally. The results showed that the total antenna efficiency increases by 13% and 27% with an increase of 1.5 μm in printed layer thickness and a user's hand to antenna distance of 12.5 mm, respectively. The shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna is distorted due to the proximity of the user's hand. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2936–2938, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24777
An improved asymmetric defected ground structure cell and its application to lowpass filter
Authors: Fu Shu‐Hong , Tong Chuang‐Ming , Shen Kai
Published: September 2009

An improved asymmetric defected ground structure cell is presented and analyzed. Based on this structure, a microstrip lowpass filter with low passband loss and high stopband suppression is designed and fabricated. Measured passband losses are below 1 dB, and a sharp slop is obtained at passband frequency fringe. The suppression is no <30 dB in stopband from 2.98 to 10 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2933–2935, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24778
Enhanced sensitive fiber‐optic sensor with double pass evanescent field absorption
Authors: Nath Pabitra
Published: September 2009

A fiber optic sensor with double pass evanescent field absorption from an unclad U‐bent multimode optical fiber is presented. One end of the fiber is polished to form an angled‐tip, whereas the other end is flat polished. Evanescent field absorption in the bending region undergoes further absorption as it reflects back from the fiber tip‐air interface thus, enhancing higher sensitivity of the sensor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3004–3006, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24782
Design of dual‐mode pentagon patch resonator filter using asymmetrical λ/4 interdigital coupled lines
Authors: Yuan Lin , Liu Haiwen , Li Lingyu
Published: September 2009

In this letter, an improved coupling mechanism using asymmetrical λ/4 interdigital coupled lines is introduced and applied to design dual‐mode pentagon patch resonator filter. This perturbation method is easy to realize without occupying extra space while the patch resonator structure remains intact. Coupling characteristics and transmission characteristics of this new filter are discussed, and the design methodology is verified by measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51:2817–2819, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24783
Effects of interconnecting transmission lines on four‐way Wilkinson power divider
Authors: Zhou Jiafeng , Morris Kevin
Published: September 2009

A four‐way power divider can be designed by interconnecting three two‐way Wilkinson power dividers. This article investigates how the two‐way elements can be interconnected to achieve optimal response. It will be shown that by using properly chosen lengths of interconnecting transmission lines, the bandwidth of the power divider can be significantly broadened. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2850–2852, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24786
A novel two‐port probe for complex permittivity and permeability measurement of liquid and powder type materials
Authors: Park Sangbok , Chung Young‐seek , Kwon Youngwoo , Cheon Changyul
Published: September 2009

In this article, we propose a new method to measure the complex relative permittivity (εr = ε − jε) and permeability (μr = μ − jμ) of liquid‐ or powder‐type materials using a two‐port probe which is constructed from coaxial transmission lines. The two‐port probe is a simple structure that can be easily fabricated with low cost in comparison with conventional probes which are the type of the cavity and waveguide. And we have adopted the Cole–Cole equation and air‐filled coaxial cable for calibrating the proposed probe. To verify the performance of the proposed probe, we measured the properties of materials in the form of liquids and powders and compared the results with those measured by the air‐filled coaxial cable, which shows good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2977–2979, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24793
Neuromodeling stop band properties of Koch Island patch elements for FSS filter design
Authors: Cruz R. M. S. , da F. Silva P. H. , d'Assunção A. G.
Published: September 2009

This work investigates the use of Koch Island patch elements to design frequency selective surface (FSS) band stop filters that reflect X‐ or Ku‐band signals. To control the FSS resonant frequency and −10 dB bandwidth, we modify the shape of Koch Island patch elements adjusting the fractal parameters, iteration factor, and iteration number. The electromagnetic (EM) behavior is described as a function of the element shapes and the permittivity of the dielectric substrate. A FSS parametric analysis is accomplished through the use of the Ansoft Designer™ software. The obtained EM‐data is utilized for training a multilayer perceptrons (MLP) artificial neural network to achieve the FSS modeling task. Experimental and simulated results are obtained to validate the developed MLP model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3014–3019, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24795
Determination of probe receiving coefficients for near‐field to far‐field transformation
Authors: Sánchez‐Escuderos D. , Baquero‐Escudero M. , Bernardo‐Clemente B. , Rodrigo‐Peñarrocha V. M.
Published: September 2009

When the field radiated by an antenna is measured in the near‐field region, this must be transformed into far‐field. If a spherical wave expansion is used for this transformation, the transmission formula must be solved, and hence the probe receiving coefficients must be known. Normally, the electric Hertzian dipole coefficients can be applied; however, sometimes this approximation is not possible, and even though the antenna under test and probe are far away, the correct probe receiving coefficients are necessary. In this letter, an algorithm for determining these coefficients using the gain parameter of the probe is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51:2826–2829, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24797
A novel storage and tunable light source generated by a soliton pulse in a micro ring resonator system for super dense wavelength division multiplexing use
Authors: Sarapat Khunthong , Ali Jalil , Yupapin P. P.
Published: September 2009

We propose a novel system of a dense wavelength division operation using the nonlinear microring resonators system that can be used to generate the broad output light spectra, whereas the significant increase in channel capacity is obtained. A system consists of two micro and a nanoring resonators incorporating an add/drop filter that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth signal is generated by using a soliton pulse propagating within a Kerr type nonlinear medium. The obtained results have shown the potential of using such system for broad band light source generation, amplification, storage, and regeneration, whereas the amplified signals can be stored within a nanowaveguide, which is allowed to form the regeneration of the broad light spectra after amplification. The advantage is that the specific wavelength of the broadband source, for instance, 1.50 μm can provide the super dense wavelength division multiplexing channels, whereas the increase in channel capacity of 1000 times is achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2948–2952, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24807
Compact dual‐mode bandpass filter using arrow‐shaped slot resonator
Authors: Sung Youngje
Published: September 2009

A novel design of a compact bandpass ring slot filter for achieving dual‐mode operation is proposed and experimentally studied. By using an arrow‐shaped slot structure as a resonator, the resonant frequency of the proposed filter is significantly lowered, which can lead to a large filter size reduction for a fixed frequency operation. Two degenerate modes are achieved by loading with proper asymmetry, which can be placed at the corner of diagonals. A prototype of the proposed design is implemented and measured. From the measured results, the proposed filter has about 5.2% bandwidth at the center frequency of 0.97 GHz and a minimum insertion loss of 1.07 dB within passband. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2989–2991, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24809
Modified short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators for the design of microstrip dual‐passband bandpass filter
Authors: Tang Ching‐Wen , Hsu Huan‐Chang
Published: September 2009

In this article, a novel microstrip dual‐passband bandpass filter has been proposed and developed. This filter is composed of two modified short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators with a half‐wavelength stepped‐impedance resonator. Design procedures and theoretical analysis are provided; the prototypical bandpass filter with dual passbands is fabricated and measured as well. Well matched simulated results and experimental data validate the proposed filter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3026–3029, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24811
Erratum: Study of the passive microwave RFID tag range using distance‐dependent reflection coefficient over multipath channel
Authors: Wei Fu , Jianguo Ma
Published: September 2009

Originally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2266–2268, 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3029, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24813
Synthesis and swelling behavior of amphiphilic comb‐like branched polymer (AA‐co‐CMS)‐g‐PMMA
Authors: Zhang Peng , Feng Ying , Sang Qian , Dong Xiucai , Zhou Rui , Zhao Jiruo
Published: September 2009

Copolymerization of acrylic acid and p‐chloromethylstyrene (p‐CMS) in dioxane initiated with α,α′‐azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out to produce macroinitiator P(AA‐co‐CMS) containing PhCH2Cl group at 65°C. Then methyl methacrylate was grafted onto P(AA‐co‐CMS) backbone using PhCH2Cl group as an initiation site and FeCl2/triphenyl phosphine complex as a catalyst. The resulted copolymer (AA‐co‐CMS)‐g‐PMMA with a comb‐like branched structure has a hydrophilic backbone (PAA) and hydrophobic side chains (PMMA). Compositions and structures of macroinitiator and the grafted product of P(AA‐co‐CMS)‐g‐PMMA were determined by 1H‐NMR, infrared (IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The average graft number, the average length of branch chains, the graft ratio, and the graft efficiency were investigated. The swelling behavior of the comb‐like branched polymer was also investigated. The gradual increase of swelling ratios was accompanied by an increase of pH and temperature. The kinetic exponents indicated that the swelling transport mechanisms transformed from Fickian diffusion to non‐Fickian transport as the decreasing pH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of maternal serum [AFP]/[hCG] median ratios on age of gestation: comparison of trisomy 21 to euploid pregnancies
Authors: Marcus‐Braun N. , Birk. O. , Manor E. , Segal D. , Harari G. , Toma I. , Shalev S. , Borochowitz Z.U. , Yaron. Y. , Sharony R. , Itzhaky D. , Shtoyerman R. , Appelman Z. , Braun G.
Published: September 2009

Background

Current risk calculations for trisomy 21, which are based on multiples of median (MoM), do not take into account possible differences between euploid and trisomy 21 pregnancies that may develop with gestational age. In order to optimize the predictive value of screening tests, we calculated the ratio between maternal serum concentration of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and that of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in euploid and in trisomy 21 pregnancies.

Methods

The medians of the concentration ratios, [AFP]/[hCG] at 16–21 weeks of gestation, were plotted as a function of gestational age for 307 cases of trisomy 21 and were compared with the medians of 30 549 normal karyotype cases.

Results

[AFP]/[hCG] ratio medians were independent of body weight and maternal age. There was a significant difference in the [AFP]/[hCG] ratio when comparing trisomy 21 and euploid pregnancies at each week. This difference became greater with advancing gestational age (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

There is a significant difference in ratios of [AFP]/[hCG] between euploid and trisomy 21 pregnancies, which may be used to improve detection rates of Down syndrome screening. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postfunctionalization of poly(propargyl methacrylate) using copper catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition: An easy route to electro‐optic materials
Authors: Scarpaci Annabelle , Cabanetos Clement , Blart Errol , Montembault Véronique , Fontaine Laurent , Rodriguez Vincent , Odobel Fabrice
Published: September 2009

A one‐pot synthetic route based on copper‐catalyzed Huisgen reaction has been developed to functionalize a methacrylate propargylic polymer with azido‐substituted moieties. This procedure was used for the preparation of electro‐optic materials containing well‐known Disperse Red One (DR1) chromophores along with bulky adamantyl moieties (Adam). The postfunctionalization of the propargylic polymer was successfully achieved using different molar ratios of DR1/Adam. These novel polymers exhibit high glass transition temperature owing to the rigid structure of adamantyl units. Moreover, the second harmonic generation measurements demonstrated the effectiveness of adamantyl groups to act as insulating shield limiting thus the electrostatic interactions between chromophores. Indeed, higher optimal chromophore concentration (50 mol %) than in conventional DR1‐containing polymers (30 mol %) allowed us to increase the d33 coefficient up to 92 pm/V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5652–5660, 2009
Thermally stable red electroluminescent hybrid polymers derived from functionalized silsesquioxane and 4,7‐bis(3‐ethylhexyl‐2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole
Authors: Xiao Yang , Lu Xuehong , Tan Li‐Wei , Ong K.S. , He Chaobin
Published: September 2009

Hyperbranched organic–inorganic hybrid conjugated polymers P1 and P2 were prepared via FeCl3‐oxiditive polymerization of 4,7‐bis(3‐ethylhexyl‐2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (A) and octa(3‐ethylhexyl‐2‐thienyl‐phenyl)polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (B) at different POSS concentrations. Compared to linear polymer PM derived from A, P1, and P2 exhibit much higher PL quantum efficiency (ϕPL‐f) in condensed state with improved thermal stability. ϕPL‐f of P1 and P2 increased by 80% and 400%, and the thermal degradation temperatures of P1 and P2 are increased by 35 °C and 46 °C, respectively. Light‐emitting diodes were fabricated using P1, P2, and PM. While the electroluminescent spectra of both P1 and PM show λmax at 660 nm, P1 exhibits a much narrower EL spectrum and higher electroluminescence (∼500%) compared with PM at a same voltage and film thickness. The maximum current efficiency of P1 is more than seven times of that of PM. The turn‐on voltages of the LEDs are in the order of P2 > PM > P1. LED prepared by blending P1 with MEH‐PPV shows a maximum luminescence of 2.6 × 103 cd/m2 and a current efficiency of 1.40 cd/A, which are more than twice (1.1 × 103 cd/m2) and five times (0.27 cd/A) of LED of PM/MEH‐PPV blend, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5661–5670, 2009
Polyethersulfone‐epoxy terminated materials as thermosetting resins for microelectronic devices
Authors: Scamporrino Emilio , Mineo Placido , Scamporrino Andrea , Dattilo Sandro , Vitalini Daniele , Alicata Rossana
Published: September 2009

A totally aromatic polyether/sulfone resin (PES‐E) was synthesized and tested as an insulating glue in the construction of a Chip‐on‐Chip (CoC) device. PES‐E, essentially constituted of open‐chain macromolecules of low molecular mass (Mnof about 3000 Da) with hydroxy and/or epoxy end‐groups, has a glass transition temperature of about 150 °C and is subject to crosslinking at temperatures higher than 320 °C. A CoC device was assembled using a five‐step process by interposing a layer of PES‐E between two chips. After curing, SEM cross section images showed a homogeneous crosslinked resin layer well stuck (flick and shear tests) to both chips. The chemical structure of the chains and the hydroxy/epoxy end‐groups ratio were optimized to obtain a crosslinked material with good adhesion and sufficient flexibility to avoid cracking during assembly and use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5682–5689, 2009
The effect of ligand on the rate of propagation of Cu(0)‐wire catalyzed SET‐LRP of MA in DMSO at 25 °C
Authors: Nguyen Nga H. , Jiang Xuan , Fleischmann Sven , Rosen Brad M. , Percec Virgil
Published: September 2009

The effect of initial ligand concentration on the apparent rate constant of propagation of single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of MA in DMSO at 25 °C was examined using various lengths of Cu(0) wire as catalyst. It was determined that unlike other parameters such as initiator concentration, solvent concentration, and deactivator concentration, no simple external rate‐order for the ligand concentration could be determined. Rather, the response of the rate of SET‐LRP to initial ligand concentration is complex and is likely determined by a competition of ligand‐dependent extent of disproportionation as well as the role of ligand concentration in the surface mediated activation process. Results suggest that a minimum concentration of ligand is needed to achieve both acceptable reaction rate and reaction control, and therefore, ligand concentration must be considered in designing experimental conditions for SET‐LRP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5629–5638, 2009
A thermodynamic analysis of specific interactions in blends of poly(styrene‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid). Screening and self‐association effects
Authors: Hadj Hamou Assia Siham , Elmiloudi Khaled , Djadoun Said
Published: September 2009

In a first step of this contribution, the observed glass transition temperature‐composition behavior of miscible blends of poly(styrene‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (SAD17) containing 17 mol % of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid) (SAA18, SAA27, and SAA32) containing increasing acrylic acid content, are analyzed according to theoretical approaches. Both Kwei and Brostow equations describe well the experimental data though better fits were obtained with the Brostow's approach. The specific interactions involved in these systems are a combination of intra and interassociation hydrogen bonding. The positive deviation from the linear mixing rule of Tg‐composition observed within the SAA18+SAD17 blend system, indicates that interassociation interactions are prevailing. More pronounced intra‐association interactions within the SAA32+SAD17 blend system led to a large negative deviation while a fine balance is established between these two types of interactions within the SAA27+SAD17 blend. A thermodynamic analysis was carried out according to the Painter‐Coleman association model. The miscibility and phase behavior of SAD17+SAA18 and SAD17+SAA27 blends are well predicted. However, this model predicts a partial miscibility of SAD17+SAA32 system. Finally, the fitting parameter free method developed by Coleman to predict the Tg‐composition behavior is applied. This method predicts fairly well the evolution trend of experimental Tgs of the SAA18+SAD17 and SAA27+SAD17 blend systems. However, the compositional dependence of SAA32+SAD17 blend Tg was not predictable by this method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47:2074–2082, 2009
Tuning block copolymer phase behavior with a selectively associating homopolymer additive
Authors: Bosse August W. , Tirumala Vijay R. , Lin Eric K.
Published: September 2009

We use polymer random phase approximation (RPA) theory to calculate the microphase separation transition (MST) spinodal for an AB + C diblock copolymer–homopolymer blend where the C homopolymers are strongly attracted to the A segment of the copolymers. Our calculations indicate that one can shift the MST spinodal value of the A − B segmental interaction parameter (χABN)S to significantly lower values [i.e., (χABN)S < 10.5] upon the addition of a selectively attractive C homopolymer. For a sufficiently attractive C homopolymer, (χABN)S can be pushed to negative values, indicating microphase separation in what would appear to be a completely miscible diblock copolymer. Furthermore, we show that microphase separation can occur in diblock copolymer–homopolymer blends where the segmental interactions between all polymer constituents are attractive. By tuning the value of (χABN)S with a homopolymer additive, one is therefore able to tune the effective copolymer segregation strength and thus dramatically affect the blend phase behavior. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2083–2090, 2009
Microphase separation in block‐random copolymers of styrene, 4‐acetoxystyrene, and 4‐hydroxystyrene
Authors: Quinn Jeffrey D. , Register Richard A.
Published: September 2009

“Block‐random” copolymers—where one or more blocks are themselves random copolymers—offer a flexible modification to the usual block copolymer architecture. For example, in a poly(A)‐poly(A‐ran‐B) diblock consisting of monomer units A and B, the interblock segregation strength can be continuously tuned through the B content of the random block, allowing the design of block copolymers with accessible order‐disorder transitions at arbitrarily high molecular weights. Moreover, the development of controlled radical polymerizations has greatly expanded the palette of accessible monomer units A and B, including units with strongly interacting functional groups. We synthesize a range of copolymers consisting of styrene (S) and acetoxystyrene (AS) units, including copolymers where one block is P(S‐ran‐AS), through nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization. At sufficiently high molecular weights, near‐symmetric PS‐PAS diblocks show well‐ordered lamellar morphologies, while dilution of the repulsive S‐AS interactions in PS‐P(S‐ran‐AS) diblocks yields a phase‐mixed morphology. Cleavage of a sufficient fraction of the AS units in a phase‐mixed PS‐P(S‐ran‐AS) diblock to hydrogen‐bonding hydroxystyrene (HS) units yields, in turn, a microphase‐separated melt. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47:2106–2113, 2009.
Counterion mixing effects on the conformational transitions of polyelectrolytes. II. Counterion binding as measured by NMR spectroscopy of alkali metal poly(acrylate)s
Authors: Wakagawa Masaki , Hayashi Mariko , Kuroki Shigeki , Satoh Mitsuru
Published: September 2009

Bound states of counterions during the coil‐globule transition of poly(acrylic acid) in water/organic solvent mixtures were investigated by NMR spectroscopy of alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, Cs+). Accompanying the transition, the line widths of the respective NMR peaks significantly increased with increasing the organic solvent composition in the medium. Although this line width broadening suggests that some specific counterion binding with desolvation is involved with the coil‐globule transition, the most marked broadening was observed in higher organic solvent compositions than those of the coil‐globule transition region detected by the viscometry. Namely, the specific counterion binding with desolvation proceeds even after the polymer chain collapsed. This means in turn that such a strong counterion binding is not a prerequisite for the coil‐globule transition, at least at the stage of the onset. For the Li+/Cs+ mixed counterion system in 60 vol % DMSO, where our previous conductivity data suggested that the specific counterion binding occurred only for Cs+ during the coil‐globule transition induced on mixing with Li+, a significant increase in the line width was also observed only for Cs+. The coincidence between the conductivity and the NMR results for the Li+/Cs+ mixed counterion system strongly supports a working hypothesis, “size‐fitting effect,” that has been proposed to determine the counterion specificity observed for the conformational transitions of polyelectrolytes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2132–2139, 2009
‘Why I feel bad’: refinement of the Effects of Prostate Cancer Upon Lifestyle Questionnaire and an initial exploration of its links with anxiety and depression among prostate cancer patients
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Bitsika Vicki , Christie David R. H.
Published: September 2009

Objective: To psychometrically refine a standardized scale for identifying those lifestyle changes that were most likely to contribute to anxiety and depression among prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Methods: Three hundred and eighty‐one PCa patients who had received their initial diagnosis between one and 96 months completed a survey of background variables, anxiety and depression inventories and the 36‐item Effects of Prostate Cancer upon Lifestyle Questionnaire (EPCLQ).

Results: Levels of anxiety (24%) and depression (26%) were similar to those previously reported for PCa patients. The EPCLQ was shown to have satisfactory psychometric properties and significantly predicted anxiety and depression scores and the presence of psychological clinicity among this sample. Factor analysis of the EPCLQ showed that adverse emotions and social withdrawal, plus loss of cognitive ability, were the most powerful predictors of fear, physiological arousal, discomfort and pain factors underlying anxiety; these factors also predicted pessimism and fatigue factors underlying depression.

Conclusions: The EPCLQ was shown to be a reliably sound and valid instrument for assessing important lifestyle changes that predict anxiety and depression among PCa patients. In addition, links between receiving a diagnosis and treatment for PCa and development of psychosocial disturbance via emotional negativity, decreased cognitive performance and withdrawal from others appear to warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the Ammonium Salt of 6‐Amino‐2‐hydroxy‐ 3,5‐dinitropyrazine and a Comparison of its Properties with those of Ammonium 3,5‐Diaminopicrate (ADAP)
Authors: Bellamy Anthony J. , Contini Alessandro E. , Padfield James , Golding Peter , Mahon Mary F.
Published: September 2009

The ammonium salt of 6‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine has been synthesised from 2,6‐dimethoxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine and its properties (DSC, crystal structure, impact sensitiveness and thermochemical properties) are compared with the analogous benzene derivative, ammonium 3,5‐diaminopicrate.
Taproot™ technology: Tree coring for fast, noninvasive plume delineations
Authors: Burken Joel G. , Bailey Sallie , Shurtliff Matt , McDermott Jeff
Published: September 2009

In efforts to evaluate the use of plants as a forensic tool for delineating contaminated soil and groundwater, a laboratory experiment and a field sampling effort were undertaken. Site assessments are often costly and inaccurate, requiring multiple mobilizations to hone in on source areas and getting accurate estimates of contaminant extent and distribution. As these extensive site delineations take place, valuable time and resources are lost. The findings of this study show that plants can be used as a tool to evaluate a variety of subsurface contaminants, either in the vadose zone or in the saturated zone.

In the first field application of Taproot™ Technology, a large, heavily forested site was sampled in one day and the contamination on‐site was more accurately delineated than had been generated at the site in over a decade, with more than 26 wells installed. New source zones were detected on the site, and the presence of new waste depositions was uncovered for the first time showing the great value of tree coring as a contaminant detection tool. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐well sediment incubators to evaluate microbial community stability and dynamics following bioimmobilization of uranium
Authors: Baldwin Brett R. , Peacock Aaron D. , (Margaret) Gan Ying‐Dong , Resch C. Tom , Arntzen Evan , Smithgall Amanda N. , Pfiffner Susan M. , Freifeld Barry M. , White David C. , Long Philip E.
Published: September 2009

An in‐well sediment incubator (ISI) was developed to investigate the stability and dynamics of sediment‐associated microbial communities to prevailing subsurface oxidizing or reducing conditions. Herein we describe the use of these devices at the Old Rifle Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) site. During a seven‐month period in which oxidized Rifle Aquifer background sediment (RABS) were deployed in previously biostimulated wells under iron‐reducing conditions, cell densities of known iron‐reducing bacteria, including Geobacteraceae, increased significantly, showing the microbial community response to local subsurface conditions. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of RABS following in situ deployment were strikingly similar to those of adjacent sediment cores, suggesting ISI results could be extrapolated to the native material of the test plots. Results for ISI deployment with laboratory‐reduced sediments showed only slight changes in community composition and pointed toward the ability of the ISI to monitor microbial community stability and response to subsurface conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactive transport modeling of remedial scenarios to predict cadmium, copper, and zinc in north fork of Clear Creek, Colorado
Authors: Butler Barbara A. , Caruso Brian S. , Ranville James F.
Published: September 2009

The North Fork of Clear Creek (NFCC), Colorado, is an acid‐mine‐drainage‐impacted stream typical of many mountain surface waters affected by historic metal mining in the western United States. The stream is devoid of fish primarily because of high metal concentrations in the water (e.g., copper and zinc) and has large amounts of settled iron oxyhydroxide solids that coat the streambed. The NFCC is part of the Central City/Clear Creek Superfund site, and remediation plans are being implemented that include treatment of three of the main point‐source inputs and cleanup of some tailings and waste rock piles. This article examines dissolved (0.45‐μm filterable) concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc following several potential remediation scenarios, simulated using a reactive transport model (WASP4/META4). Results from modeling indicate that for cadmium, remediation of the primary point‐source adit discharges should be sufficient to achieve acute and chronic water‐quality standards under both high‐ and low‐flow conditions. To achieve standards for copper and zinc, however, the modeling scenarios suggest that it may be necessary to treat or remove contaminated streambed sediments in downstream reaches, as well as identify and treat nonpoint sources of metals. Recommendations for improvements to the model for metal transport in acid‐mine drainage impacted streams are made. These recommendations are being implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The sustainable remediation forum
Authors: Baker Carol B. , Smith L. Maile , Woodward David S.
Published: September 2009

Regulators seem to currently be focusing on green remediation and not sustainable remediation. How can the industry change this perception so that a more holistic approach is followed?
Does loyalty protect Chinese workers from stress? The role of affective organizational commitment in the Greater China Region
Authors: Lu Luo , Siu Oi‐Ling , Lu Chang‐Qin
Published: September 2009

The aim of this research was to test the direct and moderating effects of affective organizational commitment (AOC) on the work stressors—job satisfaction relationship among employees in the Greater China Region. A self‐administered survey was conducted to collect data from three major cities in the region, namely Beijing, Hong Kong and Taipei (n = 380). Three most important work stressors were assessed: heavy workload, lack of work autonomy and interpersonal conflict. We found that both work stressors and AOC were related to job satisfaction. Specifically, heavy workload, lack of autonomy and interpersonal conflict were negatively related to job satisfaction; whereas, AOC had a positive relation with job satisfaction. Furthermore, AOC moderated the interpersonal conflict—job satisfaction and the lack of autonomy—job satisfaction relationships. The present study thus found joint effects of work stressors and AOC (as buffers) on work attitudes among Chinese employees in the Greater China Region, encompassing three sub‐societies of mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VERB™ Summer Scorecard: Findings from a Multi‐level Community‐based Physical Activity Intervention for Tweens
Authors: DeBate Rita D. , Baldwin Julie A. , Thompson Zachary , Nickelson Jen , Alfonso Moya L. , Bryant Carol A. , Phillips Leah M. , McDermott Robert J.
Published: September 2009

The benefits of physical activity for adolescents are well established. Multi‐level interventions may be especially effective in establishing and sustaining health‐enhancing behaviors. This study explored the influences of a multi‐level community intervention aimed at increasing physical activity among tweens (youth 9–13). Two Florida school districts far apart served as intervention and comparison sites in a quasi‐experimental post‐test design. Youth in grades 5 through 8 in the intervention community (n = 1,253) and comparison community (n = 866) completed an anonymous post‐intervention survey. An intent‐to‐treat analysis did not show any statistically significant group differences for the physical activity outcomes examined. However, a subset analysis revealed that students who reported participating in the intervention were more likely to be physically active than youth in the comparison group, as well as youth in the intervention community who reported not participating. Participating in the intervention was significantly related to meeting recommendations for vigorous physical activity (OR = 2.08, P = 0.0259), being physically active on weekends (OR = 1.84, P = 0.0017), and reporting more days of trying a new game or sport (OR = 1.49, P = 0.046) after controlling for grade, gender, race/ethnicity, and SES. These findings support the efficacy of multi‐level interventions to create effective health behavior change, especially when linkages among community, media, schools, and the home are present.
Suppression in Mevalonate Synthesis Mediates Antitumor Effects of Combined Statin and γ‐Tocotrienol Treatment
Authors: Wali Vikram B. , Bachawal Sunitha V. , Sylvester Paul W.
Published: September 2009

Statins directly inhibit 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity, while γ‐tocotrienol, an isoform of vitamin E, enhances the degradation and reduces cellular levels of HMGR in various tumor cell lines. Since treatment with statins or γ‐tocotrienol alone induced a dose‐responsive inhibition, whereas combined treatment with subeffective doses of these agents resulted in a synergistic inhibition in +SA mammary tumor cell growth, studies were conducted to investigate the role of the HMGR pathway in mediating the antiproliferative effects of combined low dose statin and γ‐tocotrienol. Treatment with 8 μM simvastatin inhibited cell growth and isoprenylation of Rap1A and Rab6, and supplementation with 2 μM mevalonate reversed these effects. However, the growth inhibitory effects of 4 μM γ‐tocotrienol were not dependent upon suppression in mevalonate synthesis. Treatment with subeffective doses of simvastatin (0.25 μM), lovastatin (0.25 μM), mevastatin (0.25 μM), pravastatin (10 μM), or γ‐tocotrienol (2 μM) alone had no effect on protein prenylation or mitogenic signaling, whereas combined treatment with these agents resulted in a significant inhibition in +SA cell growth, and a corresponding decrease in total HMGR, Rap1A and Rab6 prenylation, and MAPK signaling, and mevalonate supplementation reversed these effects. These findings demonstrate that the synergistic antiproliferative effects of combined low dose statin and γ‐tocotrienol treatment are directly related to an inhibition in HMGR activity and subsequent suppression in mevalonate synthesis.
On completely singular von Neumann subalgebras
Authors: Fang Junsheng
Published: September 2009

Let ℳ be a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and let $\mathcal{N}$ be a von Neumann subalgebra of ℳ. If $\mathcal{N}\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{K})$ is singular in $\mathcal{M}\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{K})$ for every Hilbert space $\mathcal{K}$, $\mathcal{N}$ is said to be completely singular in ℳ. We prove that if $\mathcal{N}$ is a singular abelian von Neumann subalgebra or if $\mathcal{N}$ is a singular subfactor of a type-II1 factor ℳ, then $\mathcal{N}$ is completely singular in ℳ. $\mathcal{H}$ is separable, we prove that $\mathcal{N}$ is completely singular in ℳ if and only if, for every θ∈Aut($\mathcal{N}$′) such that θ(X)=X for all X ∈ ℳ′, θ(Y)=Y for all Y∈$\mathcal{N}$′. As the first application, we prove that if ℳ is separable (with separable predual) and $\mathcal{N}$ is completely singular in ℳ, then $\mathcal{N}\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{L}$ is completely singular in $\mathcal{M}\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{L}$ for every separable von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{L}$. As the second application, we prove that if $\mathcal{N}$1 is a singular subfactor of a type-II1 factor ℳ1 and $\mathcal{N}$2 is a completely singular von Neumann subalgebra of ℳ2, then $\mathcal{N}_1\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{N}_2$ is completely singular in $\mathcal{M}_1\operatorname{\bar{\otimes}}\mathcal{M}_2$.
On quadratic fields generated by the Shanks sequence
Authors: Luca Florian , Shparlinski Igor E.
Published: September 2009

Let u(n)=f(gn), where g > 1 is integer and f(X) ∈ ℤ[X] is non-constant and has no multiple roots. We use the theory of $\mathcal{S}$-unit equations as well as bounds for character sums to obtain a lower bound on the number of distinct fields among $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{u(n)})$ for n ∈ $\{M+1,\dots,M+N\}$. Fields of this type include the Shanks fields and their generalizations.