bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interactive Workflow and Data Analytics for Model-Based Production Optimization: A Waterflooding Example
Authors: Fu Jianlin , Libby Lauren
Published: March 2019

Maximization of the yield of existing assets becomes more important than ever as the petroleum companies need to win in any business environment. In this context, model-based optimization technology plays an important role in managing efficiently the subsurface flow and can add significant values by maximizing the potential of reservoirs without a large capital investment. Yet, conventional optimization methods did not sufficiently respect expert knowledge and engineering requirements, which severely undermines their business impact in practice. This paper presents a novel interactive workflow that permits injection of expert knowledge into optimization process and ensures the final optimal solution executable. This workflow is unique because it allows to (i) interact with stakeholders, e.g., production engineers and operators, to capture engineering and economic requirements and constraints, (ii) interact with software to identify, screen, and maximize the opportunity, (iii) interact with reservoir to understand the physics for meaningful solutions, and (iv) interact with candidate solutions for the most rigorous one. Data analytics is used in this interactive workflow, boosting the optimization progress to reach the most trustworthy result. An offshore waterflooding example is used to illustrate the workflow proposed. Results show that the optimal solution generated significantly improves, compared to the existing strategy, the estimated short-term and long-term oil recovery (by more than 2% and 6%, respectively). Moreover, the water production volume is largely reduced. The proposed solution is feasible in engineering (meet engineering requirements and engineers’ judgements and expectations), meaningful in physics, optimal (convergence is guaranteed), robust (multiple uncertainties are considered), stable (immune to potential implementation errors), trustworthy (backed by data analytics), and thus executable in practice.
Simulation of Inter-Fracture Injection and Production in Tight Reservoirs Based on Compartmental Embedded Discrete Fracture Model
Authors: He Youwei , Chai Zhi , Huang Jingwei , Li Peng , Cheng Shiqing , Killough John
Published: March 2019

Although hydraulic fracturing enables economic production from tight formations, production rates usually decline quickly and result in low hydrocarbon recovery. Moreover, it is difficult for conventional flooding methods to provide enough energy supplement in the tight formations. This paper develops an innovative approach to enhance oil recovery from tight oil reservoirs through inter-fracture injection and production, including synchronous inter-fracture injection-production (SiFIP) and asynchronous inter-fracture injection-production (AiFIP). This improves flooding performance by transforming fluid injection between different wells to between adjacent fracture stages from the same horizontal well.

The multi-stage fractured horizontal well (MFHW) comprises of recovery fractures (RFs), injection fractures (IFs) and natural fractures. In all the cases demonstrated in this work, the odd fractures and even fractures are defined as RFs and IFs respectively. Fluid is injected into IFs from injection tubing, and hydrocarbon is recovered synchronously or asynchronously through oil tubing connecting to the RFs. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of SiFIP and AiFIP in tight oil reservoirs, reservoirs are simulated based on the compartmental embedded discrete fracture model (cEDFM). The production performance of different recovery methods is compared, including primary depletion, water flooding, CO2 flooding, water Huff-n-Puff, CO2 Huff-n-Puff, SiFIP (water), SiFIP (CO2), AiFIP (water), AiFIP (CO2). The AiFIP and SiFIP achieve higher cumulative oil production than other methods. AiFIP obtained the highest cumulative oil production, which is more than two times that of primary depletion. The AiFIP (CO2) obtained almost the same cumulative oil production with SiFIP (CO2) with only 50% of CO2 injection rates, and AiFIP (water) obtained 19.3% higher cumulative oil production than SiFIP (water) with only 50% of water injection rates. Therefore, AiFIP is also a better choice when CO2 or water resource is not abundant. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to discuss the impacts of fracture and injection parameters on cumulative oil production. The fracture spacing, fracture networks, and injection rates influence the production significantly, followed by injection-production schedule and fracture length. The recommended well completion schemes of AiFIP and SiFIP methods are also provided, which is significant for the potential application of the proposed methods. This work illustrates the feasibility of SiFIP and AiFIP to enhance hydrocarbon recovery in tight reservoirs.
An SQP-Filter Algorithm with an Improved Stochastic Gradient for Robust Life-Cycle Optimization Problems with Nonlinear Constraints
Authors: Liu Zhe , Reynolds Albert C.
Published: March 2019

Solving a large-scale optimization problem with nonlinear state constraints has proven to be challenging when adjoint gradients are not available for computing the derivatives needed in the basic optimization algorithm employed. Here, we present a methodology for the solution of an optimization problem with nonlinear and linear constraints where the true gradients that cannot be computed analytically are approximated by ensemble-based stochastic gradients based on an improved stochastic simplex approximate gradient (StoSAG). For the most part, our discussion is focused on the application of our procedure to waterflooding optimization where the optimization variables are the well controls and the cost function is the life-cycle net present value (NPV) of production. The optimization algorithm used for solving the constrained optimization problem is sequential quadratic programming (SQP) with constraints enforced using the filter method. We introduce modifications to StoSAG that improve its fidelity, i.e., the improvements give a more accurate approximation to the true gradient (assumed here to equal the gradient computed with the adjoint method) than the approximation obtained using the original StoSAG algorithm. The improvements to the basic StoSAG vastly improve the performance of the optimization algorithm; in fact, we show that if the basic StoSAG is applied without the improvements, then SQP may yield a highly suboptimal result for optimization problems than many nonlinear state constraints involve.
Numerical Error Quantification of Agent-Based Models as Applied to Oil Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Doyle Bryan , Riviere Beatrice
Published: March 2019

Agent-based models (ABMs) provide a fast alternative to traditional partial differential equation (PDE)-based oil reservoir models by applying localized inexpensive simulations, rather than solving a partial differential equation at every time-step. However, while there have been theoretical and numerical results obtained with ABMs in social science applications, the accuracy of ABMs has not been analyzed in the context of oil reservoir modeling. This paper quantifies the accuracy of a specific ABM by comparing its results to a single-phase flow reservoir. We show that the proposed ABM matches results given by the PDE-based model with less than 5.4% difference. Results are obtained for reservoirs with single and double producers, with varying permeability and with impermeable barriers.
Improving Oil-Rate Estimate in Capacitance/Resistance Modeling Using the Y-Function Method for Reservoirs Under Waterflood
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Artun Emre , Yang Zhengming
Published: March 2019

Capacitance/resistance modeling (CRM) is an empirical waterflood modeling technique based on the signal correlations between injection rates and gross production rates. CRM can satisfactorily estimate the gross (liquid) production rate. The oil-production-rate forecast is based on fitting the empirical oil fractional-flow model, the Leverett (1941) oil fractional-flow model, or the Koval (1963) model to the historical production data. We observed that the oil-production-rate forecast in this approach is less satisfactory.

We propose a robust approach that combines CRM gross production prediction with a Buckley-Leverett displacement-theory-based waterflood analytical method—the Y-function method—to calculate the oil fraction flow and to improve the oil prediction capability. The analytical method is based on the results of the historical production performance of either an individual producer or a group of producers in a given area. By using this method, a better understanding can be developed about the production performance, such as the breakthrough time of injected water and possible operational issues, such as water channeling. The analytical model compares oil fractional flow and the cumulative gross production on the producers, yet the value of saturation is not required. As a result, the forecast of the oil-production rate becomes more convenient and straightforward.

Sayarpour et al. (2009a) outlined field examples to compare the estimated oil production obtained using the current empirical oil fractional flow-model approach and the analytical Y-function method. The new method provided another effective way to calculate the oil rate in CRM. The results indicated that the new approach improved the accuracy of the oil-rate calculation and proved convenient in field applications. The objective of this study was not to regenerate the gross-rate forecast of CRM, but rather to improve the oil fractional-flow description and oil-production-rate forecast from the gross rate using the Y-function method.
Advanced Flowing Material Balance To Determine Original Gas in Place of Shale Gas Considering Adsorption Hysteresis
Authors: He Lang , Mei Haiyan , Hu Xinrui , Dejam Morteza , Kou Zuhao , Zhang Maolin
Published: March 2019

A series of shale gas adsorption and desorption experiments are conducted. Desorption and adsorption curves are not coincident, with the former located above the latter, which suggests that adsorption hysteresis also occurs in shale gas. Pseudodeviation factor (Z*) is revised to advance the material–balance equation (MBE) and flowing material balance (FMB). The case study of the Fuling Shale in China illustrates that original gas in place (OGIP) of all three wells (1–HF, 2–HF, and 3–HF) calculated by conventional FMB is lower than that calculated by refined FMB, which has accounted for adsorption hysteresis. The conventional FMB underestimates OGIP of the three wells by 2.21, 3.29, and 4.02%, respectively. Adsorption hysteresis should be accounted for to accurately determine OGIP.
A topological model for defects and interfaces in complex crystal structures
Authors: Hirth J.P. , Wang Jian , Hirth Greg
Published: March 2019

A topological model (TM) is presented for the complex crystal structures characteristic of some minerals. We introduce a tractable method for applying the TM to characterize defects in these complex materials. Specifically, we illustrate how structural groups, each with a motif containing multiple atoms, provide lattices and structures that are useful in describing dislocations and disconnections in interfaces. Simplified methods for determining the shuffles that accompany disconnection motion are also described. We illustrate the model for twinning in albite owing to its potential application for constraining the rheological properties of the crust at conditions near the brittle-plastic transition, where plagioclase is a major constituent of common rock types. While deformation twins in plagioclase are often observed in crustal rocks, the interpretation of the stress states at which they form has not advanced. The concept of structural groups makes an analysis of the twinning process easier in complex minerals and explicitly predicts the interface structure of the deformation twins.
Scenedesmus obliquus: A Potential Natural Source for Cosmetic Industry
Authors: CENGİZ SAHİN Sevilay
Published: March 2019

Skin is the largest organ of our body and it protects interior organs
against several environmental factors. Hyperpigmentation problem occurs as a
result of abnormal melanin accumulation in the skin. A considerable amount of
world’s population uses skin whitening products. It is known that various algae-derived secondary metabolites play an
important role in skin problems. Therefore, the tyrosinase inhibitory
activities of S. obliquus ethanol and
water extracts were evaluated in the present study. Tyrosinase activity was
determined spectrophotometrically at 492 nm. The ethanol extract showed the
higher inhibitory activity on tyrosinase enzyme (IC50: 0.0270 g/mL) than water extract (IC50:
0.2882 g/mL). This
result may have stemmed from the vanillic, ferulic acid and rutin components that were
identified by RP-HPLC only in the ethanol extract.
Bayesian Approximation Techniques for Gompertz Distribution
Authors: Sultan Humaira
Published: March 2019

We presented approximate to Bayesian integrals of Gompertz distribution depending upon numerical integration and simulation study and showed how to study posterior distribution by means of simulation study. From the findings of above tables (1, 2, 3, 4) it has been found that the large sample distribution could be improved when prior is taken into account. In all cases (simulated data as well as real life data) normal approximation, T-K approximation, Bayesian estimates under informative priors are better than those under non-informative priors especially the Inverse levy distribution proves to be efficient with minimum posterior standard deviation. Further we accomplish that the posterior standard deviation based on different priors tends to decrease with the increase in sample size. It indicates that the estimators attained are consistent. It can also be detected that the performance of Bayes estimates under informative priors (inverse levy) is better than non-informative prior.
Bayesian Inference of Ailamujia Distribution using Different Loss Functions
Authors: Reshi J A , Ahmad Afaq , Ahmad S P
Published: March 2019

We have predominantly considered the Bayes estimator of the parameter of Ailamujia distribution using Jeffrey’s prior and gamma prior supposing three different loss functions. The Jeffrey’s prior gives the prospect of covering wide continuum of priors to get Bayes estimates of the parameter. From the results, we observe that in most cases, Bayesian Estimator under Squared error Loss function has the smallest posterior risk values for both prior’s i.e, Jeffrey’s and gamma prior information.
Gamma Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Malik Aliya Syed , Ahmad S P
Published: March 2019

In this paper we have successfully defined a three parameter Gamma Rayleigh distribution based on T-X family of distribution introduced by Alzetreeh et al (2012). Properties including moments, mgf, and harmonic mean are studied. Also the entropy estimation of proposed Distribution is carried out. The parameters involved in the distribution are estimated by maximum likelihood method. The flexibility of this model is illustrated by means of three real life data sets and it is evident that the Gamma Rayleigh distribution provides better fit than Inverse Rayleigh distribution.
I Do Not Exist. Problems for Dynamic Semantics
Authors: Ramírez Eduardo García
Published: March 2019

According to dynamic semantics, what is said by an utterance of a sentence is determined by how the common ground is affected by the acceptance of such utterance. It has been claimed that dynamic semantics offers an account of what is said by an utterance in a context that excels that of traditional static semantics. Assertions of negative existential constructions, of the form ‘X does not exist’, are a case in point. These assertions traditionally pose a problem for philosophers of language. A recent proposal, owed to Clapp (2008), argues that static semantics is unable to solve the problem and offers a dynamic semantics account that promises to succeed. In this paper I want to challenge this account and, more generally, the scope of the dynamic semantics framework. I will offer a counterexample, inspired by “answering machine” uses of indexical and demonstrative expressions, to show how dynamic semantics fails.  I conclude by considering the merits of both static and dynamic accounts.
Igualitarismo de la suerte. Análisis de la responsabilidad como criterio de distribución de recursos en la salud
Authors: Luévano Cayón Ana Regina
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo me aproximo desde la perspectiva del igualitarismo de la suerte al problema de la justicia distributiva en el campo de la salud. Para ello, me basaré en algunos de los postulados de Ronald Dworkin y Shlomi Segall sobre los que descansa el origen del igualitarismo de la suerte. Si bien es cierto que Rawls al proponer el principio de la equitativa igualdad de oportunidades intentó mitigar las desigualdades sociales que son consecuencia del azar para algunos filósofos igualitaristas, como Ronald Dworkin, al no considerar el binomio libertadresponsabilidad el argumeto rawlsiano resultaba poco equitativo y decidieron desarrollar otra rama del igualitarismo que permitiera distinguir a la persona de sus circunstancias. Por ello la consideración de la responsabilidad como criterio de distribución para los recursos sanitarios será puesta a prueba y analizada en tres puntos. En primer lugar, expondré los aspectos generales del igualitarismo de la suerte y definiré la postura de Daniels y Segall respecto a la asistencia sanitaria. En segundo lugar, retomaré la distinción que hace Dworkin entre “suerte bruta” y “suerte opcional” y expondré su propuesta sobre la igualdad de recursos así como su modelo sanitario sustentado en el binomio libertad-responsabilidad. En tercer lugar, analizaré la relación entre libertad y responsabilidad en el cuidado de la salud. De este modo, pretendo demostrar las ventajas y desventajas que se pueden seguir de tomar la responsabilidad individual como criterio de distribución de recursos.
Heidegger on Representation: the Danger Lurking in the a Priori
Authors: Crichton Cristina
Published: March 2019

Heidegger’s stance towards representational thinking has been widely discussed and debated. In this paper I show how based on an analysis of the mathematical in modern science in Die Frage nach dem Ding, Heidegger draws up a distinction between intuitive representations and representations against experience. I argue that this last type of representations corresponds to his understanding of the way in which representational thinking takes place in modernity, that is, modern representations. Based on an analysis of these two types of representation I claim that in the mid-30s Heidegger realizes that thinking being as the a priori carries a danger, which consists in the fact that being can break its relation with that which is given in ordinary experience and become determined by pure reason alone, and that this danger is the decisive factor underlying Heidegger’s critical stance towards modern representations.
Esposito, R. (2017). Personas, cosas, cuerpos. Prólogo de Antonio Valdecantos; traducción de Albert Jiménez. Madrid: Trotta. 124pp. ISBN: 978-84-9879-696-4.
Authors: Alfonzo Bruno Daniel
Published: March 2019

Reseña de una obra que invita a deconstruir los términos jurídico-filosóficos que en la actualidad rigen las formas en las que nos referimos a dos ámbitos de la vida: el de las personas y el de las cosas. ¿Cuán real es esta división? ¿Qué queda fuera de ella? ¿Es el cuerpo aquello que orbita en el ámbito de la cosa o aquello que se sitúa en el espacio de las cosas?Una necesidad orienta estos interrogantes: advertir la historicidad filosófica, religiosa y político-jurídica de estos conceptos, con el fin de establecer con carácter de urgencia la necesidad de resolver los problemas de un lenguaje que hoy se ha vuelto obsoleto.
Naturaleza y naturalidad de la experiencia. Crítica y fundamentación fenomenológica del conocimiento científico
Authors: Venebra Marcela
Published: March 2019

En este artículo intento aclarar el papel central que el concepto de naturaleza juega en la empresa husserliana de crítica y ordenación del conocimiento científico. Este primer objetivo implica una definición fenomenológica de naturaleza en la que se hacen visibles los estratos que conforman la experiencia del mundo. En un primer momento expongo el sentido de la fundamentación y su relación con la delimitación ontológicomaterial de la naturaleza —siguiendo el curso de las lecciones de Husserl de 1927—; en el segundo desarrollo la teoría de las actitudes como deconstrucción experiencial de la naturaleza tal como se expone en Ideas II; y en el tercero trazo elementos básicos de la analítica del mundo predado en su enlazamiento con una naturaleza como base material elemental de la vida, según las descripciones del tomo xxxix de Husserliana.
Deliberación, deliberación técnica y buena deliberación en la ética aristotélica
Authors: Farieta René Alejandro
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo se enfrenta al problema de determinar el marco en el que, para Aristóteles, se puede valorar la deliberación y los resultados de esta: la decisión y la acción que se realiza posterior a esta. Este problema surge en gran medida por lo que Aristóteles denomina “la indeterminación de la deliberación”, pues en situaciones en las que las opciones sobre las que se delibera son borrosas es difícil determinar cuál es el marco sobre el cual se puede valorar si la decisión resultado de la deliberación fue acertada o no. Para ello, en primera instancia distinguimos la deliberación técnica y la deliberación moral, distinción enmarcada principalmente en términos de los fines, pues para la deliberación técnica el fin es extrínseco a la deliberación misma, razón por la cual es posible que para esta se presenten diferentes tipos de valoración. En la deliberación moral los fines son solamente intrínsecos, y son determinados únicamente en función de su conexión con la buena deliberación. Así, solo con base en un modelo de “buena deliberación” determinado por la prudencia, y extendido además para toda la comunidad del cual el sujeto hace parte, es posible establecer un marco normativo adecuado para evaluar cada deliberación moral particular.
Sobre la lectura y conceptualización simondoniana de la cibernética.
Authors: Heredia Juan Manuel
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo se aborda la relación conceptual e históricointelectual que liga a la filosofía de Gilbert Simondon con la cibernética y la teoría de la información. Para ello, despliega tres líneas de análisis: (a) la recepción francesa de la cibernética y la teoría de la información, y el posicionamiento de Simondon en dicho campo conceptual; (b) el significado trascendente que Simondon les asigna en tanto inaugurarían una época tecnológica propia del siglo XX; (c) las críticas que Simondon formula a la cibernética y la teoría de la información, las cuales tienden a desmontar los residuos decimonónicos que las afectan desde dentro y a pensar un nuevo concepto de génesis.
Microbial contamination levels in the drinking water and associated health risks in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Amin Rafat , Zaidi Midhat Batool , Bashir Saima , Khanani Rafiq , Nawaz Rukhsana , Ali Shaukat , Khan Sadaf
Published: March 2019

The current study aimed to assess the microbial quality of municipal (tap) and ground (borehole) water in Karachi, Pakistan. A health survey was also conducted to assess possible health risks of the drinking water. Fifty water samples (n = 25 each of tap and ground water) were collected from various locations of five administrative districts of Karachi for bacteriological analysis. In addition, a survey was conducted to assess the impact of drinking water on the health of city residents. Microbiological analysis results showed the presence of total coliform in 48 out of 50 (96%) tested samples. The total viable plate count at 37 °C was >200 CFU/ml in the majority of the collected samples which exceeded the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. To evaluate the health risk of contaminated water, a total of 744 residents were interviewed. The information acquired from this field work revealed a high prevalence of waterborne diseases in the order of diarrhea and vomiting > skin problems > malaria > prolonged fever > eye problems and jaundice. To solve water and environmental problems, awareness and regular monitoring programs of water management and safe disposal of waste have been suggested.
Common themes contributing to recent drinking water disease outbreaks in affluent nations
Authors: Hrudey S. E. , Hrudey E. J.
Published: March 2019

New Zealand experienced its largest waterborne disease outbreak in modern history in August 2016 with 5,500 cases and four fatalities. This recent outbreak is one of 24 drinking-waterborne disease outbreaks in affluent nations that have been reported in the scientific literature since the infamous Walkerton, Ontario, Canada fatal outbreak (2,300 cases, seven fatalities) in May 2000. These disasters were all eminently preventable given the economic and intellectual resources existing in the countries where they occurred. These outbreaks are analysed according to major recurring themes, including: complacency, naiveté and ignorance, failure to learn from experience and chemophobia. Lessons that can be learned to improve preventive approaches for ensuring safe drinking water are based on an extensive and authentic body of evidence in support of meaningful improvements. Philosopher George Santayana captured this need with his famous quote: ‘Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.’
Carnosine and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Peters Verena , Yard Benito , Schmitt Claus Peter
Published: March 2019

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
Ethanol Induced Oxidative Stress in the Vasculature: Friend or Foe
Authors: Phillips Shane A. , Osborn Kendra , Hwang Chueh-Lung , Sabbahi Ahmad , Piano Mariann R.
Published: March 2019

Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiology of many ethanol-induced pathologies.
Oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and
cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension. This review details mechanisms of vascular function,
the role of oxidative stress in vascular biology and how ethanol consumption may alter endothelial
and smooth muscle cell function as well as microvascular function. Also reviewed are data from
human investigations that have examined the association between alcohol consumption and changes
in blood pressure and increased risk for hypertension.
Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides- Benefits and Limits of their use in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Roxana Mustafa Edme , Georgică TÃrtea , Ionuț Donoiu , Gianina Moise , Cristina Florescu
Published: March 2019

Natriuretic peptides, produced by cardiac myocytes, are regulators of the intravascular volume and blood pressure, and also exhibit neuroendocrine, metabolic and growth controlling effects. In heart failure, their synthesis increases exponentially as part of the neuroendocrine activation, but their beneficial effects are diminished. The paper reviews relevant data about their role as diagnosis and prognosis markers in heart failure, the hemodynamic and clinical benefits of their use as therapy in heart failure, together with the main adverse effects. Peptides non-specifically increase in extracardiac pathology and the literature reveals the mechanisms of increase, significance and threshold values to exclude cardiac dysfunction.
Does the Affinity of Cisplatin to B-Vitamins Impair the Therapeutic Effect in the Case of Patients with Lung Cancer-consuming Carrot or Beet Juice?
Authors: Szefler Beata , Czeleń Przemysław , Szczepanik Adam , Cysewski Piotr
Published: March 2019

Background:

Cisplatin (CisPt) has a well-recognized anticancer activity by interacting with DNA and inducing programmed cell death. However, theoretical studies performed on the molecular level suggest that such nonspecific interactions can also take place with many competitive compounds, such as vitamins containing aromatic rings with lone-pair orbitals.

Objective:

This work is a theoretical study on the initial Pt-N7(N1) bond formation with vitamins from B group and their comparison with values characterizing native purines.

Methods:

Geometries of studied structures were optimized with an aid of Gaussian 09 using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G** basis set. Atomic orbitals of platinum were represented by the lanl2dz basis. Solvation free energies were evaluated by a self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) approach. A dielectric constant of 78 for water was used in the PCM continuum model computations along with radii Bondii.

Results:

The affinities of mono-aqua cis~[Pt(NH3)2Cl(H2O)]+ and di-aqua cis~ [Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ derivatives of Cisplatinum toward compounds belonging to the group of eight B vitamins were studied and compared to interactions with canonical purines. All the values of ΔGr unambiguously indicate that reactions with cisPt-diaqua are more preferable, but the comparison of ΔGr values obtained for compounds from vitamin B group and the ones characterizing complexes created by Guanine molecules indicates higher affinity of cisPt monomers toward purines.

Conclusion:

Based on the observations, the regular intake of vitamin-rich beetroot or carrot juices is strongly discouraged during anticancer therapy using CisPt drug. To confirm the results of the performed computational study, detailed clinical trials should be performed.
Risk Factor Patterns for Premature Versus Late-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Morovatdar Negar , Bondarsahebi Yones , Khorrampazhouh Nastaran , Hozhabrossadati Seyyed A. , Tsarouhas Konstantinos , Rezaee Ramin , Esfehani Reza J. , Poorzand Hoorak , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2019

Background:

There are few data regarding the risk factors of premature vs late-onset Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study systematically reviews these risk factors in Iranian people.

Methods:

Medline, Web of Science, Embase and SID (Scientific Information Database; www.sid.ir) databases were searched for studies comparing CAD risk factors in young and older patients in Iran. Data extracted and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for each risk factor were calculated. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger’s test.

Results:

Seven studies (9080 participants) were included in the meta-analysis; analysis was carried out independently for each risk factor. Smoking (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.57, 95% CI: 1.96-3.37; p=<0.001), family history of CAD (OR: 2.45: 95% CI, 1.44-4.15, p<0.001), opium abuse (OR: 2.44: 95% CI, 1.22-4.88; p=0.001) and hyperlipidaemia (OR: 1.4: 95% CI, 1.13-1.73; p=0.001) were more common in premature CAD compared with older CAD patients. In contrast, diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.54: 95% CI, 0.39-0.73; p=0.0001) and hypertension (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21-0.59; p<0.001) were less prevalent.

Conclusion:

Risk factors were significantly different between premature and late-onset CAD. Policies regarding smoking and opium cessation and controlling hyperlipidaemia may be useful for the prevention of premature CAD in Iran.
Noninvasive Score in Classification Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Yu Jinquan
Published: March 2019

Background:

To develop simple, practical classification criteria for Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) without Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy (LSGB).

Methods:

In the new criteria (noninvasive score, NIS) set, classification as “definite SS” is based on the ocular and oral symptoms and signs, autoantibodies and the existence of autoimmune thyroid disease, which were calculated. Patients with a score ≥5 were classified as having definite SS and patients with a score <4 were supposed to be excluded from SS. For the patients with a score of 4, LSGB was suggested.

Result:

76 patients with suspected SS were recruited between April 2013 and September 2014, 42 of which were definitive diagnosis of SS and 34 were excluded from SS. Sensitivity and specificity for the NIS criteria in the diagnosis of SS were 97.6% and 94.1%, respectively. The Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) to detect SS were 97.0% and 95.3% respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 96.1%. The area under the ROC curves (AUC; 95% CI) for NIS criteria was 0.959 (0.905-1.000), which performed better than the American-European Consensus Group’s (AECG) criteria and LSGB in the diagnosis of SS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The NIS criteria are an alternative to the AECG criteria in classification diagnosis of SS, which are with high diagnostic efficiency. We recommend using a score <4 and ≥5 to rule out or to diagnose SS respectively. For the patients with a score of 4, LSGB is necessary and able to diagnose SS.
Recovery of Range of Motion and Decrease in Pain after Progression of Supraspinatus Tendon Tear: A Case Report
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Hamada Junichiro , Ando Akira , Kanazawa Kenji , Yabe Yutaka , Itoi Eiji
Published: March 2019

Rotator cuff disease is one of the most prevalent shoulder disabilities especially in the elderly population. Tear progression is significantly greater in the symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic ones. From these aspects, shoulder surgeons interpret surgical indications and counsel patients regarding the risk of non-operative treatments. However, there were a few reports that pain and duration of symptoms were not strongly associated with severity of rotator cuff tears, and non-operative management with physical therapy was effective. There have remained controversies for the treatment of rotator cuff tears.

A 59-year-old man with a sedentary work life experienced right shoulder pain with abduction at night. However, the pain kept worsening after two months, and he finally visited our clinic three months after the onset of pain. Magnetic resonance imaging in the coronal and axial planes showed effusion around the subacromial and subcoracoid bursae and joint-side tear of the supraspinatus tendon. A range of motion in the right shoulder was severely restricted at the initial visit of our clinic. After sufficient rehabilitation, the symptoms were not changed and an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was scheduled. However, during waiting for surgery, he felt something popped in the right shoulder while wearing a jacket. Immediately after this, pain during motion and at night decreased, and he experienced no difficulty with activities of daily living and the surgery was cancelled. This is the first case with a recovery of range of motion and a decrease in pain after progression of a supraspinatus tendon tear.
Developing a Standardization Algorithm for Categorical Laboratory Tests for Clinical Big Data Research: Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Mina , Shin Soo-Yong , Kang Mira , Yi Byoung-Kee , Chang Dong Kyung
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Data standardization is essential in electronic health records (EHRs) for both clinical practice and retrospective research. However, it is still not easy to standardize EHR data because of nonidentical duplicates, typographical errors, or inconsistencies. To overcome this drawback, standardization efforts have been undertaken for collecting data in a standardized format as well as for curating the stored data in EHRs. To perform clinical big data research, the stored data in EHR should be standardized, starting from laboratory results, given their importance. However, most of the previous efforts have been based on labor-intensive manual methods.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop an automatic standardization method for eliminating the noises of categorical laboratory data, grouping, and mapping of cleaned data using standard terminology.

METHODS

We developed a method called standardization algorithm for laboratory test–categorical result (SALT-C) that can process categorical laboratory data, such as pos +, 250 4+ (urinalysis results), and reddish (urinalysis color results). SALT-C consists of 5 steps. First, it applies data cleaning rules to categorical laboratory data. Second, it categorizes the cleaned data into 5 predefined groups (urine color, urine dipstick, blood type, presence-finding, and pathogenesis tests). Third, all data in each group are vectorized. Fourth, similarity is calculated between the vectors of data and those of each value in the predefined value sets. Finally, the value closest to the data is assigned.

RESULTS

The performance of SALT-C was validated using 59,213,696 data points (167,938 unique values) generated over 23 years from a tertiary hospital. Apart from the data whose original meaning could not be interpreted correctly (eg, ** and _^), SALT-C mapped unique raw data to the correct reference value for each group with accuracy of 97.6% (123/126; urine color tests), 97.5% (198/203; (urine dipstick tests), 95% (53/56; blood type tests), 99.68% (162,291/162,805; presence-finding tests), and 99.61% (4643/4661; pathogenesis tests).

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed SALT-C successfully standardized the categorical laboratory test results with high reliability. SALT-C can be beneficial for clinical big data research by reducing laborious manual standardization efforts.
Automatically Extracting Disease-Disease Association from Literature with a Large Margin Context-Aware Convolutional Neural Network (Preprint)
Authors: Lai Po-Ting , Lu Wei-Liang , Kuo Ting-Rung , Chung Chia-Ru , Han Jen-Chieh , Tsai Richard Tzong-Han , Horng Jorng-Tzong
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Research on disease-disease association, like comorbidity and complication, provides important insights into disease treatment and drug discovery, and a large body of literature has been published in the field. However, using current search tools, it is not easy for researchers to retrieve information on the latest disease association findings. For one thing, comorbidity and complication keywords pull up large numbers of PubMed studies. Secondly, disease is not highlighted in search results. Third, disease-disease association (DDA) is not identified, as currently no DDA extraction dataset or tools are available.

OBJECTIVE

Since there are no available disease-disease association extraction (DDAE) datasets or tools, we aim to develop (1) a DDAE dataset and (2) a neural network model for extracting DDAs from literature.

METHODS

In this study, we formulate DDAE as a supervised machine learning classification problem. To develop the system, we first build a DDAE dataset. We then employ two machine-learning models, support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN), to extract DDAs. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of using the output layer as features of the SVM-based model. Finally, we implement large margin context-aware convolutional neural network (LC-CNN) architecture to integrate context features and CNN through the large margin function.

RESULTS

Our DDAE dataset consists of 521 PubMed abstracts. Experiment results show that the SVM-based approach achieves an F1-measure of 80.32%, which is higher than the CNN-based approach (73.32%). Using the output layer of CNN as a feature for SVM does not further improve the performance of SVM. However, our LC-CNN achieves the highest F1-measure of 84.18%, and demonstrates combining the hinge loss function of SVM with CNN into a single NN architecture outperforms other approaches.

CONCLUSIONS

To facilitate the development of text-mining research for DDAE, we develop the first publicly available DDAE dataset consisting of disease mentions, MeSH IDs and relation annotations. We develop different conventional ML models and NN architectures, and evaluate their effects on our DDAE dataset. To further improve DDAE performance, we propose an LC-CNN model for DDAE that outperforms other approaches.
To the 90th Anniversary of G.P. Melnikov. Round Table “System Typology of Languages: Analysis and Synthesis in the Science of Language”, November 9, 2018
Authors: - -
Published: March 2019

This Round Table is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian linguist, philosopher, and cultural scientist G.P. Melnikov. Gennady Prokopevich is a creator of the system-typological concept of language. Before becoming a teacher in the Department of General and Russian Linguistics at the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Melnikov worked at the Pedagogical Institute named after Lenin and the Laboratory of Computational Linguistics of Moscow State University. The field of his research encompassed a variety of sciences and scientific fields, which are based on logic: physics, mathematics, information theory, cybernetics, semiotics, general linguistics, Turkology, Slavonic studies, etc. Melnikov’s contribution in the national philology can not be overestimated. Thanks to his students, such areas as quantitative linguistics, cognitive science, the theory of artistic bilingualism, communication and many others are being actively developed.
Language Biographies of the Respondents of Moscow Region Chuvash Diaspora
Authors: Kutsaeva Marina V
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of a sociolinguistic survey conducted by the author in the Chuvash diaspora of Moscow region. The actual use of the Chuvash language in the conditions of Diaspora residence is determined, among other things, by the previous language experience of respondents in their small homeland. The most common stages of language biography are: languages used by respondents in conversation with parents, older relatives, peers in childhood before school; the language used in teaching in primary school, in secondary school, in High school, - all these factors allow to reveal various ways of ethnic language acquisition.
Az internetes kommunikáció és média új kézikönyve
Authors: Beke Ottó , Samu János
Published: March 2019

Recenzió Szűts Zoltán: Online. Az internetes kommunikáció és média története, elmélete és jelenségei (Wolters Kluwer Kiadó, Budapest, 2018, 488 oldal, ISSB: 9789632957784) című könyvéről.

---

Handbook of Online Communication and Media

Book review on Zoltán Szűts Online. Az internetes kommunikáció és média története, elmélete és jelenségei (Online. History, Theory and Phenomena of Online Communication and Media, Wolters Kluwer, Budapest, 2018, 488 oldal, ISSB: 9789632957784).
Szabadság határokkal, avagy európai útmutató a szólásszabadság jogszerű gyakorlásához
Authors: Vári László
Published: March 2019

Az online kommunikációs tér kínálta lehetőségekkel, illetve annak egyre terjedő használatával felértékelődött a vélemény és a kifejezés szabadságának jelentősége, a mindennapok szóhasználatával pedig a szólás- és sajtószabadság szerepe. Nemcsak azért, mert a mobil világ kiváló, eddig nem ismert lehetőségeket hordoz magában a szabadságjog gyakorlásához, érvényesüléséhez, hanem mert a digitális korban újabb, eddig ismeretlen vagy kevésbé jelentős problémák is felerősödnek. A félrevezető és álhírek, a profilfelfüggesztés, a kommenttörlés, a rágalmazás, és a gyűlöletbeszéd még sokáig lehetne sorolni azokat a problémákat, melyek egytől egyig a kifejezés szabadságának jogszerűtlen gyakorlatára vezethetők vissza. Mindezek nemcsak egyéni, de társadalmi szinten is komoly veszélyt jelentenek, így befolyásolva a demokratikus társadalmakat és azok fejlődését. Éppen ezért válik jelentőssé az a kérdés, hogy hogyan lehet a szólásszabadság sérelmére visszavezethető problémákat kiküszöbölni, és az említett kihívásokra megoldást találni. A következő oldalakon a nemzetközi és európai jogból, azok magyarázataiból és az európai joggyakorlatból kiolvasható válaszokat gyűjtjük össze, hogy rávilágítsunk a jogsértések okaira, és európai megoldásokat keressünk azok orvoslására.

---

Liberty with limitations, a European guide to the rightful exercise of the freedom of expression

In the digital age, in line with the opportunities of cyberspace and the increasing use of mobile communication the importance of freedom of expression, the so-called free speech and freedom of the press have become more salient. Not only because they carry new opportunities for the practice and the prevalence of freedom, but because new challenges emerge alongside new opportunities. Misleading and fake news, profile suspensions, deleted comments, defamation, hate speech and many other problems, can all stem from the violation of the freedom of opinion and expression. These violations of freedom carry dangers both at an individual and sociatal level, thus influencing the everyday life of democratic societies and their development. Therefore, the question becomes crucial: how can we fix these problems and provide the best solution to these challenges. In the following we will explore international and European law, their explanations and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in order to find European explanations behind the reasons for violations, as well as legal solutions for exercising freedom of expression.

Keywords: freedom of expression, international and regional freedom of expression law, European case-law, 3rd party liability, public watchdogs, misleading and fake news, defamation, hate speech, copyright