bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable floor localization using barometer on smartphone
Authors: Ye Haibo , Gu Tao , Tao Xianping , Lu Jian
Published: July 2016

Traditional fingerprint‐based localization techniques mainly rely on infrastructure support such as GSM and Wi‐Fi. They require war‐driving, which is both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. With recent advances of smartphone sensors, sensor‐assisted localization techniques are emerging. However, they often need user‐specific training and more power intensive sensing, resulting in infeasible solutions for real deployment. In this paper, we present Barometer‐based floor Localization system (B‐Loc), a novel floor localization system to identify the floor level in a multi‐floor building on which a mobile user is located. It makes use of the barometer on smartphone. B‐Loc does not rely on any Wi‐Fi infrastructure and requires neither war‐driving nor prior knowledge of the buildings. Leveraging on crowdsourcing, B‐Loc builds the barometer fingerprint map, which contains the barometric pressure value for each floor level to locate users' floor levels. We conduct both simulation and field studies to demonstrate the accuracy, scalability, and robustness of B‐Loc. Our simulation shows that B‐Loc can locate the user fast and the field study in a 10‐floor building shows that B‐Loc achieves an accuracy of over 98%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a Pictorial Sisterhood Method in collaboration with illiterate Maasai traditional birth attendants in northern Tanzania
Authors: Roggeveen Yadira , Schreuder Renske , Zweekhorst Marjolein , Manyama Mange , Hatfield Jennifer , Scheele Fedde , van Roosmalen Jos
Published: July 2016

Objective

To study whether data on maternal mortality can be gathered while maintaining local ownership of data in a pastoralist setting where a scarcity of data sources and a culture of silence around maternal death amplifies limited awareness of the magnitude of maternal mortality.

Methods

As part of a participatory action research project, investigators and illiterate traditional birth attendants (TBAs) collaboratively developed a quantitative participatory tool—the Pictorial Sisterhood Method—that was pilot‐tested between March 12 and May 30, 2011, by researchers and TBAs in a cross‐sectional study.

Results

Fourteen TBAs interviewed 496 women (sample), which led to 2241 sister units of risk and a maternal mortality ratio of 689 deaths per 100 000 live births (95% confidence interval 419–959). Researchers interviewed 474 women (sample), leading to 1487 sister units of risk and a maternal mortality ratio of 484 (95% confidence interval 172–795).

Conclusion

The Pictorial Sisterhood Method is an innovative application that might increase the participation of illiterate individuals in maternal health research and advocacy. It offers interesting opportunities to increase maternal mortality data ownership and awareness, and warrants further study and validation.
Disentangling the efficiency drivers in country‐level global health programs: An empirical study
Authors: Berenguer Gemma , Iyer Ananth V. , Yadav Prashant
Published: July 2016

Motivated by the cost reductions and outcome improvements generated by benchmarking in many industries, we focus on in‐country global health programs to identify and quantify opportunities for process improvement. We empirically study the major efficiency drivers of reproductive health (RH) country programs in Sub‐Saharan Africa sponsored by international funding organizations. To ensure a level playing field for comparison across countries, we quantify the impact of cross‐country heterogeneity and random shocks on the efficiency of RH programs. To analyze these relationships and isolate the effects attributable to managerial inefficiency, we use a three‐stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)/Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model. We show the impact of environmental factors on program efficiency, linking policy making decisions with operational and health outcome performance. We also show that donor fragmentation negatively impacts managerial efficiency, and we suggest actions to mitigate this effect. We then provide a way to improve performance through benchmarking efforts within groups of countries and present an initial prototype of such efforts.
Mapping the substance of the EU’s civil society support in Central Asia: From neo-liberal to state-led civil society
Authors: Axyonova Vera , Bossuyt Fabienne
Published: July 2016

Over the years, civil society empowerment has become an integral part of the European Union’s (EU) external and internal governance as a way to advance democracy and enhance citizen participation. While there has been increasing scholarly attention to the instruments and impact of the EU’s civil society support, so far there has been little research on the question what kind of civil society the EU actually promotes. This article intends to fill this gap by examining the substance of the EU’s civil society support in post- Soviet Central Asia, a region where various forms of civil society organizations (CSOs) exist. The findings reveal a differentiation between civil society types promoted in EU strategic documents and those that are supported in practice. While at the strategic planning level the EU seeks to strengthen civil society broadly construed, at the program implementation level the (neo-) liberal CSOs are the main beneficiaries. At the same time, the EU customizes its civil society assistance depending on the realities on the ground and at times finds itself empowering state-led civil society, while communal groups rarely benefit from the EU assistance schemes. This has severe implications for the advancement of citizen participation, considering that the actual grass-root initiatives are largely excluded from the EU assistance.
A preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program in patients on chronic opioid analgesia prior to spine surgery: A preliminary report and case series
Authors: Hassamal Sameer , Haglund Margaret , Wittnebel Karl , Danovitch Itai
Published: July 2016

Background

Spine surgery candidates are commonly treated with long-term opioid analgesia. However, chronic opioid analgesia is associated with poor pain control, psychological distress, decreased functional status and operative complications. Therefore, our medical centre piloted an outpatient biopsychosocial interdisciplinary opioid reduction program for spine surgery candidates on chronic opioid analgesia.

Methods

Our case series reviews the outcomes of the first 5 interdisciplinary program completers. Data was collected on admission to the program, preoperatively at completion of the program, and 1 month postoperatively. We recorded changes in pain interference scores, physical functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as captured by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) Profile.

Results

The mean duration of the preoperative opioid reduction program was 6–7 weeks. The mean morphine equivalent daily dose (SD) decreased from 238.2 (226.9) mg on admission to 157.1 (161.0) mg preoperatively and 139.1 (84.0) mg one month postoperatively. Similarly, the mean pain interference score (SD) decreased from 72.4 (5.1) on admission to 66.5 (6.9) preoperatively and 67.7 (5.4) one month postoperatively. The preoperative opioid dose and pain interference scores decreased in all 5 patients, but one month postoperatively increased in one patient related to a surgical complication. Pre- and postoperative depression, anxiety and fatigue improved in all patients. Satisfaction with participation in social roles, sleep disturbances, and physical functioning improved in most patients.

Conclusions

Pre- and post-operative pain improved despite the opioid dose being tapered. These preliminary data suggest that a short-term outpatient preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program is safe, feasible, and improves patient-centred outcomes.

Implications

Our preliminary data support the rationale for expansion of the opioid reduction program; opioid use and pain should be evaluated in all surgical candidates. These findings need to be replicated in larger studies.
Optimisation of Ducted Propellers for Hybrid Air Vehicles Using High-Fidelity CFD
Authors: Biava M. , Barakos G. N.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents performance analysis and design of ducted propellers for lighter-than-air vehicles. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations were first performed on a detailed model of the propulsor, and the results were in very good agreement with available experimental data. Additional simulations were performed using a simplified geometry, to quantify the effect of the duct and of the blade twist on the propeller performance. It was shown that the duct is particularly effective at low flight speed and that the blades with relatively high twist have better performance over the flight envelope. Design of the optimal twist distribution and of the duct shape was also attempted by coupling the flow solver with a quasi-Newton optimisation method. Flow gradients were computed by solving the discrete adjoint of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using a fixed-point iteration scheme or a nested Krylov method with deflated restarting. The results show that the ducted propeller propulsive efficiency can be increased by 2%.
Simple vs. Complex: Implications of Lags in Pollution Delivery for Efficient Load Allocation and Design of Water-quality Trading Programs
Authors: Shortle James , Abler David , Kaufman Zach , Zipp Katherine Y.
Published: July 2016

Water-quality markets that allow point-nonpoint trades assume that nonpoint best management practices (BMPs) achieve the targeted reductions as soon as they are implemented. However, changes in water quality in response to BMPs occur over time—from a few months to decades. We simulate emission allocations using static and dynamic-optimization models to determine whether a simple static allocation can produce results comparable economically and environmentally to complex multi-period designs for nitrogen emissions to Chesapeake Bay. We find that static rules provide relatively large cost savings compared to dynamic rules but result in a delay in achievement of water-quality targets.
Managing a Mass CO Poisoning: Critical Issues and Solutions From the Field to the Hyperbaric Chamber
Authors: Valerio Adriano , Verzè Matteo , Marchiori Francesco , Rucci Igor , De Santis Lucia , Aprili Irene , Antolini Lucia , Sannino Anna , Canello Alessia , Checchin Enrico , Mazzola Francesca , Ferrari Sara , Garon Marta , Schonsberg Alberto , Tardivo Stefano
Published: July 2016

Carbon monoxide acute intoxication is a common cause of accidental poisoning in industrialized countries and sometimes it produces a real mass casualty incident. The incident described here occurred in a church in the province of Verona, when a group of people was exposed to carbon monoxide due to a heating system malfunction. Fifty-seven people went to the Emergency Department. The mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level was 10.1±5.7% (range: 3-25%). The clinicians, after medical examination, decided to move 37 patients to hyperbaric chambers for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. This is the first case report that highlights and analyses the logistic difficulties of managing a mass carbon monoxide poisoning in different health care settings, with a high influx of patients in an Emergency Department and a complex liaison between emergency services. This article shows how it is possible to manage a complex situation with good outcome. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:251–255)
The 1859 revival and its enemies: opposition to religious revivalism within Ulster Presbyterianism
Authors: Ritchie Daniel
Published: July 2016

The evangelical revival of 1859 remains a pivotal event in the religious culture of Ulster Protestants owing to its legacy of widespread conversion, church renewal, and its role in shaping the pan-Protestantism of Ulster society that later opposed Irish home rule. Being part of a wider transatlantic movement of religious awakening, the 1859 revival was seen as the culmination of thirty years of evangelical renewal within Irish Presbyterianism. What has often been overlooked, however, is the fact that many aspects of the revival were deeply troubling to orthodox Presbyterians. Although most Ulster Presbyterians were largely supportive of the movement, an intellectually significant minority dissented from what they saw as its spectacular, doctrinal, liturgical, ecclesiological, and moral aberrations. Given 1859’s mythological status among Ulster evangelicals, it is normally assumed that all who opposed the revival were either religious formalists or those of heterodox doctrinal opinions. It will be argued that such an assumption is deeply misguided, and that the Presbyterian opponents of 1859 were motivated by zeal for confessional Reformed theology and Presbyterian church-order. By focusing on theologically conservative opposition to an ostensible evangelical and Calvinistic awakening, this article represents a significant contribution to the existing historiography of not only the Ulster revival but of religious revivalism more generally. It also helps us to understand the long-term evolution of Ulster Presbyterian belief and practice in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Anatomising Irish rebellion: the Cromwellian delinquency commissions, the books of discrimination and the 1641 depositions
Authors: Cunningham John
Published: July 2016

The recent digitisation of the 1641 depositions has opened up that large and controversial collection of manuscripts to renewed study. The significance of a substantial section of that archive generated in 1653–4 by the work of the Cromwellian delinquency commissions has hitherto been poorly understood. This article sheds new light on the workings of the commissions and on the ways in which the ‘delinquency depositions’ that they collected helped to shape the implementation of the Cromwellian and Restoration land settlements in Ireland. It also compares the Irish delinquency proceedings to the approach adopted by the Long Parliament in its dealings with royalists in England in the 1640s. In analysing the actual content of the depositions, the article focuses particular attention on County Wexford. The surviving delinquency depositions enable in-depth exploration of many facets of the 1641 rebellion and its aftermath in that region.
Why Performance Appraisal Does Not Lead to Performance Improvement: Excellent Performance as a Function of Uniqueness Instead of Uniformity
Authors: van Woerkom Marianne , de Bruijn Maaike
Published: July 2016

Dissatisfaction with performance appraisal is at an all-time high (Adler et al., 2016). In this commentary we argue that one of the reasons why performance appraisal is unable to get the most out of employees is the way in which employees are evaluated against a uniform set of criteria, leading to a focus on deficits and little attention for unique individual qualities and strengths. By comparing the performance of an employee with a set of predetermined criteria, and by expecting the employee to perform well across all these criteria, the performance appraisal tends to focus on those areas where employees perform below the norm, irrespective of how excellently they may perform in other areas. For many employees, this leads to the frustrating experience that there is more attention for their weaknesses than for the areas in which they excel. By focusing on employee strengths and on how to make optimal use of those strengths, and by allowing for diversity in the way that employees execute their jobs, the performance review can be replaced by a dialogue about development that may truly stimulate the motivation for performance improvement.
Ratee Reactions Drive Performance Appraisal Success (and Failure)
Authors: Wallace Lauren E. , Stelman Samantha A. , Chaffee Dorey S.
Published: July 2016

Although the authors make strong arguments for both sides of the debate in “Getting Rid of Performance Ratings: Genius or Folly? A Debate,” we argue that performance appraisal reactions were largely overlooked beyond a few exceptions, where the authors either alluded to or explicitly mentioned reactions. For example, the authors explain that one reason organizations have eliminated the forced distribution approach is negative employee reactions. The authors also highlight the importance of managers using appropriate language when delivering performance appraisal ratings in order to improve employee reactions. Despite these exceptions, we believe it is necessary to call more attention to the critical role of ratee reactions in the performance appraisal process. Therefore, our commentary expands on the conversation sparked by Adler et al. (2016) by incorporating ratee reactions.
Beyond Performance Ratings: The Long Road to Effective Performance Management
Authors: Cardy Robert L. , Munjal Deeksha
Published: July 2016

Performance evaluation has long been a source of dissatisfaction for practitioners and a focus of research for scholars. The current call for the elimination of performance ratings is not new. This commentary considers the quality perspective as a historical context in which performance ratings were, at best, considered a misguided management tool. Although the current debate doesn't seem to be philosophically based, it may be useful to recognize that serious questions regarding performance ratings have come up before. Potential measurement problems with performance ratings are considered. It is concluded that performance ratings are not the major problem for performance management. Possible sources of problems with performance management are considered. Directions for improvement are discussed.
Other Important Questions: When, How, and Why Do Cultural Values Influence Performance Management?
Authors: Cho Inchul , Payne Stephanie C.
Published: July 2016

Adler et al. (2016) raise some controversial issues about whether performance rating systems should be eliminated or not. We strongly believe that the decision to do away with performance ratings is premature because more research needs to be done, as suggested by “the better questions” that Adler et al. listed at the end of the focal article. We propose that those questions can be extended further by testing them in other cultures and supplemented with these questions: When, how, and why do cultural values influence performance management? Given the nature of our increasingly diverse workforce in which employees with different cultural values work together within the same organization, it is crucial to identify and document the influence of culture on performance appraisal practices. In this commentary, we briefly summarize research to date on the influence of cultural values on performance management and identify some important future research directions.
Disappointing Interventions and Weak Criteria: Carving Out a Solution Is Still Possible
Authors: Tziner Aharon , Roch Sylvia G.
Published: July 2016

In their focal article, Adler and his colleagues (2016) elaborate on the pros and cons of abolishing the performance appraisal process in organizations. Sherman-Garr (2014) contends that this trend is on the rise because both managers—the raters—and their subordinates—the ratees—disdain performance scores. Employees feel that performance ratings do not reflect their actual performance, and therefore they do not gain the rewards they merit. Conversely, their supervisors/managers experience a great deal of frustration because the improvement of employee performance does not match up to the excessive time and effort invested in the appraisal process, making the whole process ineffective and inefficient. We agree that performance appraisals, specifically the practice of assigning performance ratings, appear to be a disliked and ineffective human resource function. However, we do not agree that goal attainment should be used in place of performance ratings; rating format and rater training represent “disappointing interventions” and, most of all, only “weak” criteria exist for performance ratings.
The Relationship Between the Number of Raters and the Validity of Performance Ratings
Authors: Howard Matt C.
Published: July 2016

In the focal article “Getting Rid of Performance Ratings: Genius or Folly? A Debate,” two groups of authors argued the merits of performance ratings (Adler et al., 2016). Despite varied views, both sides noted the importance of including multiple raters to obtain more accurate performance ratings. As the pro side noted, “if ratings can be pooled across many similarly situated raters, it should be possible to obtain quite reliable assessments” (Adler et al., p. 236). Even the con side noted, “In theory, it is possible to obtain ratings from multiple raters and pool them to eliminate some types of interrater agreement” (Adler et al., p. 225), although this side was certainly less optimistic about the merits of multiple raters. In the broader industrial–organizational psychology literature, authors have repeatedly heralded the benefits of adding additional raters for performance ratings, some even treating it as a panacea for inaccurate ratings. Although these authors extol the virtues of multiple raters, an important question is often omitted from relevant discussions of performance ratings: To what extent do additional raters actually improve performance ratings? Does adding an additional rater double the validity of performance ratings? Does an additional rater increase the validity of performance ratings by a constant value? Or is the answer something else altogether?
From the Editor
Authors: Scott John C.
Published: July 2016

The goal of focal articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice is to present new ideas or different takes on existing ideas and stimulate a conversation in the form of comment articles that extend the arguments in the focal article or that present new ideas stimulated by those articles. The two focal articles in this issue stimulated a wide range of reactions and a good deal of constructive input.
The Untapped Potential in Employee Resilience: Specific Recommendations for Research and Practice
Authors: King Danielle D.
Published: July 2016

The focal article “How Much Do We Really Know About Employee Resilience?” by Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) is an informative work concerning the paucity of resilience research in organizational science. This commentary serves two purposes: (a) to provide specific recommendations relevant to the aims of the focal article and (b) to present additional unexplored areas that would contribute to what we “really know about employee resilience.” First, I offer suggestions concerning two fundamental issues within resilience research mentioned by Britt et al.: the lack of conceptual clarity and the lack of agreement concerning the characterization of significant adversity. Second, I present three directions for future research: incorporating levels of analysis, developing resilience typologies, and deepening theoretical representations.This commentary complements the focal article by highlighting both specific recommendations and novel areas deserving of exploration.
The Role of Self-Regulation in Workplace Resiliency
Authors: Rothstein Mitchell G. , McLarnon Matthew J. W. , King Gillian
Published: July 2016

Understanding resilience is important to creating and maintaining health in the workplace, and the focal article by Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) raises valuable questions and recommendations for research in the field. In this commentary we consider several issues not discussed by Britt et al. but critical to understanding resilience in organizational settings. In particular, we discuss the utility of process-oriented models and, specifically, the role of self-regulatory processes as foundational mechanisms of resiliency. We agree with many of Britt et al.’s recommendations and provide additional perspectives and information based on recent research on resiliency in military personnel experiencing cross-cultural adversity, in executives experiencing unwanted career transitions, and in recent immigrants searching for employment.
Exploring Workplace Resilience Through a Personality Strength Lens
Authors: Green Jennifer P. , Wallace David M. , Hargrove Amber K.
Published: July 2016

Resilience research has primarily focused on occupations that undergo a significant amount of stress, such as the military or trauma teams. In response, Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) call for “future work on resilience to expand to include a wider cross section of workers and occupations” (p. 397). We suggest that viewing resilience through a personality strength lens will facilitate this expansion. Adopting a personality strength approach to resilience will more clearly (a) link the capacity for resilience to positive adaptation in the face of a broader range of stressors beyond objectively significant adversity and (b) open up new methods of investigating the demonstration of resilience.
Resilient Employees in Resilient Organizations: Flourishing Beyond Adversity
Authors: Kuntz Joana R. C. , Näswall Katharina , Malinen Sanna
Published: July 2016

Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) offer compelling arguments for the need to consider resilience trajectories and to identify the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors accountable for unique trajectories. We welcome the call for more focused research efforts toward uncovering the role of resilience in organizations and concur with Britt et al. that there is a need for a clearer characterization of resilience among employees, the correlates of resilience, and the way that resilience can be facilitated. Our objective here is to build on the main thrust of Britt et al.’s focal article by outlining a novel perspective on employee resilience, which we believe will constitute an important contribution to the organizational resilience literature.
Resilience Practices
Authors: Yost Paul R.
Published: July 2016

In the words of Winston Churchill, “When you're going through hell, keep going.” Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) note several traits (e.g., individual resources), environmental factors (e.g., unit, family, and community resources), and processes (e.g., seeking help from others) that help individuals to “keep going” in the face of adversity. I would argue that the third category, which I would suggest be expanded to practices, is the most important going forward. Unfortunately, psychologists often tend to focus the most effort on the first two: traits and environmental factors, which often leave individuals feeling helpless because both are largely outside of their control. In the face of adversity, people instead want to know, “What can I do to keep going?” This is not to say that traits or environmental factors are not important. They are. However, the most powerful work in resilience will promote personal agency (Bandura, 2001) and confidence in one's ability to develop resilience (e.g., a growth mindset; Dweck, 2006).
Elaborating on the Conceptual Underpinnings of Resilience
Authors: Estrada Armando X. , Severt Jamie B. , Jiménez-Rodríguez Miliani
Published: July 2016

The termresiliencehas grown in popularity among the general public and within the scientific community. Unfortunately, the rise in popularity has advanced neither our theoretical understanding of this construct nor the methodological approaches to study this topic. Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) highlighted important conceptual, methodological, and practical advances and shortcomings within the literature on employee resilience. However, critical conceptual issues remain unaddressed within the focal article. Specifically, in our commentary, we differentiate between resiliency and resilience, identify key dimensions of each construct, and explicate the role of adversity and context to further advance our theoretical understanding of this construct. We conclude by discussing the implications of our proposed conceptualization and refinement of resilience for theory, research, and practice.
A Nonlinear Paradigm for Resilience, Workload, Performance, and Clinical Phenomena
Authors: Guastello Stephen J.
Published: July 2016

Research on resilience in the workplace is currently limited by at least two issues: an inconsistent documentation and choice of the stress-producing events and a singular construct of what constitutes resilience (Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, & Klieger, 2016). This commentary summarizes some recent experimental research that was possibly too new to have been included in the review and that offers some insights to both concerns. The research is predicated on a theoretical model that explains the role of resilience in either work-related or clinical outcomes and the temporal dynamics of work performance.
How Will Getting Rid of Performance Ratings Affect Managers?
Authors: Lake Christopher J. , Luong Alexandra
Published: July 2016

Amid the debate about getting rid of formal performance ratings, the practical implications for managers should be carefully considered. Adler et al. (2016) acknowledged some implications for managers who evaluate their subordinates with the traditional formal review. However, they do not fully explore the implications for managers when organizations trade formal performance reviews for frequent, less-formal performance conversations, which are a very popular alternative (Meinert, 2015; Rock & Jones, 2015; Wilkie, 2015). It is possible that organizations will benefit when formal performance reviews are removed; however, upon discussing this issue with a panel of human resources executives and organizational development practitioners, we were struck by their concern for how abandoning formalized review procedures would affect managers. This panel represented a wide array of industries (healthcare, retail, manufacturing, energy, academia, and the nonprofit sector), and their organizations used a variety of performance procedures, including formalized annual reviews and informal performance conversations. The goal of this commentary is to guide thinking, with the help of our practitioner-oriented panel, toward some of the obstacles managers may face in having to provide more frequent informal performance conversations.
‘I Need a Cigarette’ — The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Depression and Anxiety of Youth With Early Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Ya-Ling , Rittner Barbara , Maguin Eugene , Dziadaszek Shannon
Published: July 2016

The aim of this research was to examine effects of cigarette smoking on depression and anxiety among children and adolescents (youth) with early onset schizophrenia and/or psychosis. Data were obtained from the national evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program (CMHS Program). Cubic mixed models were used to analyze the longitudinal data with seven waves (over 3 years). Results showed that 29% youth (N = 117, mean age at intake = 13.9) smoked cigarettes in any prior 6-month period. Cigarette users had high levels of initial and sustained depression and anxiety throughout the seven waves. Predicted depression and anxiety scores of cigarette users and non-users showed that cigarette users had higher but more stable states of anxiety and depression. Results suggested that youth with EOS might use cigarettes for mood regulation. Implications of results for psychologists and counsellors in schools are discussed.
Characterisation of the geochemical heterogeneity of the Rupel Clay Member in the Netherlands
Authors: Koenen M. , Griffioen J.
Published: July 2016

Samples from Rupel Clay across the Netherlands were analysed for the assessment of its heterogeneity in geochemistry and mineralogy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and bulk and clay fraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of 152 samples from 17 different cores are presented and statistically interpreted. The results show a wide variation in the quartz, feldspar, clay mineral and carbonate content between the different samples. Factor analysis showed that the main variance between the samples can be explained by the clay mineral and quartz concentration, the carbonate content and pyrite plus organic matter. In the south of the Netherlands, the Rupel Clay is more quartz-rich and coarse grained. In addition, the clay is heterogeneous, varying with location and depth, consistent with observations for Belgium Boom Clay. Towards the north, the Rupel Clay becomes more clay-rich, finer grained and more homogeneous, both laterally and with depth. In addition, the clay has a relatively high carbonate and organic matter content. The pyrite content does not show any trends with location and depth. The differences between north and south are explained by the variations in depositional setting within the southern North Sea Basin.
The Legacy of Theoderic
Authors: Costambeys Marios
Published: July 2016

In the penultimate sentence of hisHistoria Romana, Paul the Deacon inscribes a solid full-stop to his brief sketch of Ostrogothic Italy: having killed Totila, the eunuch Narses, he says, ‘universamque Italiam ad reipublicae iura reduxit’. Although the phrasereipublicae iuraexemplifies the studied ambiguity with which Paul delighted to tantalize his readers, the whole statement can be understood as a judgement on Theoderic's régime that many modern historians of Late Antiquity have shared. Whatever innovations the Ostrogoths had attempted, in the end they came to nothing: Theoderic and his short-lived successors made no lasting imprint, leaving few identifiable traces even in archaeology.
Backstepping Based Adaptive Region Tracking Fault Tolerant Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Mingjun , Liu Xing , Wang Fei
Published: July 2016

A region tracking fault tolerant control approach based on backstepping technique is proposed for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). The proposed approach aims at driving tracking error to reach into the desired region in presence of ocean current disturbance, modelling uncertainty, unknown thruster faults and thruster amplitude and rate saturation constraints. At first, a type of piecewise and differential Lyapunov function is constructed to achieve region tracking control in the frame of backstepping technique. Then, the paper analyses and acquires the bound structures of the lumped uncertainty (including ocean current disturbance and model uncertainty) and the variation of thruster distribution matrix caused by unknown thruster faults, respectively. An adaptive technique is used to estimate the unknown coefficients in the above bound structures. In addition, an adaptive adjustment scheme for the desired trajectory is developed to achieve region tracking control with thruster amplitude and rate saturation constraints. The stability of the closed-loop system is analysed based on Barbalat's lemma. Finally, simulations and pool-experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experimental estimation of uncertainties in powder diffraction intensities with a two-dimensional X-ray detector
Authors: Ida Takashi
Published: July 2016

A method to obtain both one-dimensional powder diffraction intensities I(2θ) and statistical uncertainties σ(2θ) from the data collected with a flat two-dimensional X-ray detector is proposed. The method has been applied to analysis of the diffraction data of fine quartz powder recorded with synchrotron X-ray. The profile and magnitude of the estimated uncertainties σ(2θ) have shown that the effects of propagation of the errors in 2θ are dominant as the uncertainties about the observed intensity values I(2θ). The powder diffraction intensity data I(2θ), including nine reflection peaks have been analyzed by the Rietveld method incorporating the experimentally estimated uncertainties σ(2θ). The observed I(2θ) data have been reproduced with a symmetric peak profile function (Rwp = 0.84 %), and no significant peak shifts from calculated locations have been detected as compared with the experimental errors. The optimized values of the lattice constants of the quartz sample have nominally been estimated at a = 4.9131(4) Å and c = 5.4043(2) Å, where the uncertainties in parentheses are evaluated by the Rietveld optimization based on the estimated uncertainties σ(2θ) for intensities I(2θ). It is likely that reliability of error estimation about unit-cell dimensions has been improved by this analytical method.
Impact of spatially constrained sampling of temporal contact networks on the evaluation of the epidemic risk
Authors: VESTERGAARD CHRISTIAN L. , VALDANO EUGENIO , GÉNOIS MATHIEU , POLETTO CHIARA , COLIZZA VITTORIA , BARRAT ALAIN
Published: July 2016

The ability to directly record human face-to-face interactions increasingly enables the development of detailed data-driven models for the spread of directly transmitted infectious diseases at the scale of individuals. Complete coverage of the contacts occurring in a population is however generally unattainable, due for instance to limited participation rates or experimental constraints in spatial coverage. Here, we study the impact of spatially constrained sampling on our ability to estimate the epidemic risk in a population using such detailed data-driven models. The epidemic risk is quantified by the epidemic threshold of the SIRS model for the propagation of communicable diseases, i.e. the critical value of disease transmissibility above which the disease turns endemic. We verify for both synthetic and empirical data of human interactions that the use of incomplete data sets due to spatial sampling leads to the underestimation of the epidemic risk. The bias is however smaller than the one obtained by uniformly sampling the same fraction of contacts: it depends non-linearly on the fraction of contacts that are recorded, and becomes negligible if this fraction is large enough. Moreover, it depends on the interplay between the timescales of population and spreading dynamics.
Gender conflict resolution in Spanish–Basque mixed DPs
Authors: PARAFITA COUTO M. CARMEN , MUNARRIZ AMAIA , EPELDE IRANTZU , DEUCHAR MARGARET , OYHARÇABAL BEÑAT
Published: July 2016

This study analyzes gender assignment in Spanish–Basque mixed nominal constructions with nouns in Basque (a language that lacks gender) and determiners in Spanish (a language that marks gender) by using a multi-task approach: (i) naturalistic data, (ii) an elicitation task, and (iii) an auditory judgment task. Naturalistic data suggest cross-language effects under which a morphological marker of Basque (-a determiner) is interpreted as a morphophonological expression of gender marking in Spanish. A preference for feminine determiners was observed in the judgment task, which differs from the masculine default trend observed in Spanish–English bilinguals (Jake, Myers-Scotton & Gross, 2002). Our results point to feminine gender as default in Spanish–Basque mixed DPs, indicating that the resources that bilinguals use for gender assignment can be different from those of monolinguals. We argue that this is an outcome of interacting processes which take place at the interfaces (lexicon, phonology, morphosyntax) of both languages, resulting in cross-language effects.
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum total cholesterol with depressive symptoms in Korean adults: the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012)
Authors: Lee Soo-Hyun , Suh Eunkyung , Park Kyung-Chae , Haam Ji-Hee , Kim KyongChol , Koo Hyung Suk , Choi Beom-hee , Won Bo Youn , Park Ki-Hyun , Park Kye-Seon , Kim Moon-Jong , Kim Young-Sang
Published: July 2016

Objective

To examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population.

Design

This was a population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting

The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012).

Subjects

We included 7198 adults aged 20–88 years.

Results

The incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles).

Conclusions

The association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.
Dual high-selectivity band-notched UWB monopole antenna using simple dual-mode resonator and high-impedance lines
Authors: Guo Yingjiang , Tang Xiaohong , Xu Kai Da , Ai Jing
Published: July 2016

A new planar microstrip-fed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual notched bands has been presented. By employing a simple dual-mode resonator with two symmetrical outer high-impedance lines beside the microstrip feed line of the proposed UWB antenna, two controllable rejection bands with high-frequency selectivity are created. The parametric studies of the proposed structure are explored for the dual band-notched operating mechanism. Finally, the experimental results, including return losses, radiation patterns, and peak gains are shown, declaring that the proposed antenna has good impedance matching performance and radiation pattern properties.
A functional BH3 domain in an aquaporin from Leishmania infantum
Authors: Genes C M , de Lucio H , González V M , Sánchez-Murcia P A , Rico E , Gago F , Fasel N , Jiménez-Ruiz A
Published: July 2016

Despite the absence of sequences showing significant similarity to any of the members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in protozoa, experiments carried out in yeast or trypanosomatids have demonstrated that ectopic expression of some of these members alters their response to different death stimuli. Because the BH3 domain is the smallest common signature in all the proteins of this family of apoptosis regulators and also because they are essential for molecular interactions between antagonistic members, we looked for sequences with significant similarity to the BH3 motif in theLeishmania infantumgenome. Among the top scoring ones, we found the MYLALQNLGDEV amino-acid stretch at the C terminus of a previously described aquaporin, now renamed as Li-BH3AQP. This motif is highly conserved in homologous proteins from other species of theLeishmaniagenus. The association of Li-BH3AQP with human Bcl-XLwas demonstrated by both co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid experiments. Ectopic expression of Li-BH3AQP reduced viability of HeLa cells and this deleterious effect was abrogated by the simultaneous overexpression of Bcl-XL. Although we were not able to demonstrate a reduction in parasite viability when the protein was overexpressed inLeishmaniapromastigotes, a prodeath effect could be observed when the parasites overexpressing Li-BH3AQP were treated with staurosporine or antimycin A. Surprisingly, these parasites were more resistant, compared with wild-type parasites, to hypotonic stress or nutrient deprivation. The prodeath activity was abolished upon replacement of two highly conserved amino acids in this BH3 domain. Taken together, these results point to Li-BH3AQP as the first non-enzymatic protein ever described in trypanosomatids that is involved in cell death.
Modulation of therapy-induced senescence by reactive lipid aldehydes
Authors: Flor A C , Doshi A P , Kron S J
Published: July 2016

Current understanding points to unrepairable chromosomal damage as the critical determinant of accelerated senescence in cancer cells treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the potent senescence inducer etoposide not only targets topoisomerase II to induce DNA damage but also produces abundant free radicals, increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Toward examining roles for DNA damage and oxidative stress in therapy-induced senescence, we developed a quantitative flow cytometric senescence assay and screened 36 redox-active agents as enhancers of an otherwise ineffective dose of radiation. While senescence failed to correlate with total ROS, the radiation enhancers, etoposide and the other effective topoisomerase inhibitors each produced high levels of lipid peroxidation. The reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a lipid peroxidation end product, was sufficient to induce senescence in irradiated cells. In turn, sequestering aldehydes with hydralazine blocked effects of etoposide and other senescence inducers. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation potentiates DNA damage from radiation and chemotherapy to drive therapy-induced senescence.
A chaotic self-oscillating sunlight-driven polymer actuator
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Knie Christopher , Bléger David , Peletier Mark A. , Friedrich Heiner , Hecht Stefan , Broer Dirk J. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: July 2016

Nature provides much inspiration for the design of materials capable of motion upon exposure to external stimuli, and many examples of such active systems have been created in the laboratory. However, to achieve continuous motion driven by an unchanging, constant stimulus has proven extremely challenging. Here we describe a liquid crystalline polymer film doped with a visible light responsive fluorinated azobenzene capable of continuous chaotic oscillatory motion when exposed to ambient sunlight in air. The presence of simultaneous illumination by blue and green light is necessary for the oscillating behaviour to occur, suggesting that the dynamics of continuous forward and backward switching are causing the observed effect. Our work constitutes an important step towards the realization of autonomous, persistently self-propelling machines and self-cleaning surfaces powered by sunlight.
Correction: Corrigendum: The changing shape of vaccination: improving immune responses through geometrical variations of a microdevice for immunization
Authors: Crichton Michael Lawrence , Muller David Alexander , Depelsenaire Alexandra Christina Isabelle , Pearson Frances Elizabeth , Wei Jonathan , Coffey Jacob , Zhang Jin , Fernando Germain J. P. , Kendall Mark Anthony Fernance
Published: July 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 27217; published online: 02 June 2016; updated: 04 July 2016 The original version of this Article contained typographical errors in the spelling of the author Alexandra Christina Isabelle Depelsenaire which was incorrectly given as Alexandra Christina Isobel Depelsenaire.