bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of anatomical models in an Orthopaedic clinic aids in patient education
Authors:   Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, TAN Beatrice Jun-Nian , PAGKALIWAGAN Eric Hernandez ,   Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, SOCKLINGAM Raj Kumar ,   Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, CHANDRAKUMARA SBM Darshana ,   Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, KING Charles KON KAM ,   Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889
Published: January 2022

Background: One of the World Health Organisation strategies to achieve patient centered care is for patients to be able to effectively give informed consent. Well-informed patients are also likely to be more compliant and have better treatment outcomes. Aims and Objectives: Our study looks at using anatomical models as adjuncts in consultations to determine if they would be useful in improving patient understanding and satisfaction. Study Design/Methods: A survey of patients was carried out at a single Orthopaedic foot and ankle clinic in Singapore, to investigate if patients felt that the use of anatomical models aided in their understanding of their medical condition, foot and ankle anatomy, and surgical procedures offered, if any. 2 different anatomical models were used, depending on the context of the consultation. All conditions encountered were included. Institutional Review Board approval was not required for this study. Results: 30 patients were surveyed in total, all of whom agreed that the models were useful in helping them understand their medical condition and foot and ankle anatomy better. Of the 19 patients who were counselled regarding surgery, 18 felt that the models improved their understanding of the proposed procedures. 26 patients would like similar models to be used in other Orthopaedic clinics, although 3 would not, and 1 was not sure. On the whole, 19 patients found the models very useful, and 11 patients found them useful. Conclusion: Anatomical models are a cost-effective method of contributing to patient education compared to other alternatives, and we would advocate the use of models in other Orthopaedic clinics during consultations for counselling and taking informed consent.
Randomized control study comparing the functional outcome of suprascapular nerve block and hydrodistension in the treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors:   Trainee - Post-Graduate Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, BARC Hospital and research centre, Chembur, Mumbai, India, Singhania Suyash , Bande Pravin P ,   Head of Department, Department of Orthopaedics, BARC Hospital and research centre, Chembur, Mumbai, India, Kulkarni Rajiv V ,   Senior Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics, BARC Hospital and research centre, Chembur, Mumbai, India, Wajekar Sagar ,   Consultant, Department of Orthopaedics, BARC Hospital and research centre, Chembur, Mumbai, india, Kothmire Tejal ,   Statistician, KJ Somaiya Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India, Singh Mayank Pratap ,   Senior Resident, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
Published: January 2022

Background: Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common musculoskeletal disease which imposes significant morbidity and affects the quality of life. The present study was done to compare the effectiveness of the suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) under ultrasound guidance and hydrodistension in the management of AC. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized control study was conducted in 60 patients visiting the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, BARC Hospital, Mumbai, with AC not improving with physiotherapy. Patients were divided into Group A (n = 30) who received SSNB under ultrasound guidance in addition to physiotherapy and Group B (n = 30) who underwent hydrodistension of shoulder in addition to physiotherapy. Values for the ROM, Quick DASH score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score were obtained for each patient at the baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: Female preponderance was observed in both the groups and overall 22% werediabetics. The difference in improvement in flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation from baseline to 12 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 4 to 12 weeks, and 8 to 12 weeks was higher in hydrodistension group as compared to SSNB group (p < 0.05). The decrease in the VAS and Quick DASH scores from baseline to 12 weeks was higher in hydrodistension group as compared to SSNB group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both SSNB and hydrodistension are useful in the management of AC. However, hydrodistension displayed better outcome as compared to SSNB in improving the functional outcome of patients.
Functional outcome following vascularised pedicle graft from 4, 5 extensor compartment artery in patients with Kienbock’s disease
Authors:   Senior Clinical Fellow (Arthroscopy), Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road, Birmingham – B31 2AP, UK, Ramsingh Vasanthakumar , Jayapal Naveen ,   International Training Fellow - Trauma and Orthopaedics, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Wirral, UK - CH49 5PE, Morris Alfred ,   Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon - Trauma and Orthopaedics, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Wirral, UK - CH49 5PE
Published: January 2022

Objective: Surgical management of Kienbock’s disease is debatable and there is no clear evidence of any procedure more efficacious over the other. Our aim was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of patients with Stage 2 and 3 Kienbock’s disease who underwent vascularised bone graft from 4, 5 extensor compartement artery to lunate. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients, who underwent vascularised bone grafts (VBG) using 4 and 5 th extensor compartment artery for Kienbock’s disease, between 2013 and 2019. We excluded those secondary to trauma, negative ulnar variances and advanced stage of disease. We used the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain, qDASH for the functional outcome and radiological assessment at final follow up. Results: Ten patients underwent VBG for Kienbock’s disease stage 2 and 3a. They were all operated by a single specialist hand surgeon, using the same surgical technique where a bone graft was harvested from the distal dorsal radius with vascular pedicle from the 4 th and 5 th extensor compartment artery. The average age at surgery was 40.6 years. There were 7 males and 3 females. The mean follow-up is 30 months. At the final follow up the mean VAS is 2.6 out of 10 against 9.5 pre-operatively and mean qDASH is 25.4/100 against 70.7/100 pre-operatively. Radiographs at the final follow up showed no progression of disease. All patients reported improvement in range of movement following surgery. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that vascularised bone graft is a viable treatment option for Kienbock’s disease stage 2 and 3 on a carefully selected group of patients with improvement in pain and function.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva- A case report of exceedingly rare cause of heterotropic ossification
Authors:   Orthopaedic department, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Ng Yam Hock , Ibrahim Saadon ,   Orthopaedic department, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Ng Chun Ruh ,   Internal medicine department, Hospital Sultan Ismail. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Chai Yee Chin ,   Psychiatry unit, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Published: January 2022

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder that causes the formation of the second skeleton after birth by the heterotopic bone. It is commonly misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately. Although there is no cure for the disease, early and correct diagnosis may slow the disease progress, avoid unnecessary intervention and in turn improve the quality of life. We report a 13 years old girl with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva who presented with progressive stiffness of the bilateral hips after a trivial fall. Further history has found progressive joint stiffness involving multiple joints. She had not been diagnosed even though multiple encounters with the health facility for similar complaints. This has highlighted the importance of awareness of the disease among healthcare personnel.
Caregiver Literacy in a Pediatric Orthopedic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   MD, Henry Ford Health System, USA, Garfinkel Rachel J , Singleton Ian M ,   MD, San Francisco Orthopaedic Residency Program, USA, Malone Jason B ,   PhD, Nemours Children’s Health System, USA, Temkit M’hamed H ,   MD, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, USA, Belthur Mohan V ,   MD, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, USA
Published: January 2022

Background: Approximately 33% of Americans have inadequate health literacy, which is associated with increased hospitalization and use of emergency care, poorer control of chronic diseases, infrequent use of preventative measures, and suboptimal treatment outcomes. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general and musculoskeletal health literacy of the parents or guardians (caregivers) of pediatric patients presenting to a general pediatric orthopedic clinic and identify risk factors for limited health literacy. Study Design: This cross-sectional study obtained a convenience sample of 200 English speaking caregivers of children presenting with musculoskeletal complaints. Caregivers who were taking their children for either first-time or follow-up visits were included in the study. Participants were excluded if they did not meet the aforementioned criteria, had any cognitive impairment, were unable to read English, or were unable to sign their own consent. Setting: The general pediatric orthopedic clinic of a large children’s hospital. Materials and Methods: Caregivers completed a demographic survey, the Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems questionnaire, and the Newest Vital Sign to measure musculoskeletal and general health literacy, respectively. Statistics: The data was summarized using frequencies and proportions for categorical variables as well as mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. In the univariate analysis the group comparisons were conducted using the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the odds of adequate musculoskeletal health literacy. Results: Limited musculoskeletal health literacy was seen in 46.7% of participants. Inadequate general health literacy was observed in 18.0% of participants. Non-Hispanics (p = 0.0210), those who worked in a health care (p = 0.0055), and those with a level of education of some college or greater (p = <0.0012) were more likely to have adequate musculoskeletal health literacy on multivariable logistic regression. Only at least some college experience correlated with adequate general health literacy (p = 0.003) upon multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion: Almost half of all caregivers who bring their children to a pediatric orthopedic clinic have limited musculoskeletal health literacy and may lack the necessary comprehension required for making informed decisions about their child’s care. Limited musculoskeletal health literacy is more prevalent than limited general health literacy.
Sound therapy in children
Authors:   Consultant Pediatrician and Neonatologist, Mumbai, India, Shahid Sukhbir K.
Published: January 2022

Sound remains largely under-evaluated in the field of therapeutic medicine. It produces the desired changes both by the sound as well as the vibrational energy. Various modes have been used to deliver the energy to the individual. But studies on use of sound therapy in adults and children are limited and of poor design. In children, it has been tested in various conditions such as autism, developmental delays, in neonatal intensive care units on preterm babies, during MRI to lessen the anxiety and use of GA and sedatives, in ADHD, in pediatric cardiac care units, in childhood asthma, in emergency room patients, in chronic pain, neurological disabilities, and in troubled adolescents with substance abuse or neurotic disorders. The outcomes have been generally positive. But more large-scale and properly-designed comparative studies would be required before the low cost technology and safe sound therapy could be incorporated in the therapeutic armamentarium in children.
Urınary tract ınfectıons in obese children and adolescents with their outcomes and clinical aspects
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey, Şen Semra , Kızılay Deniz Özalp ,   Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey, Ersoy Betül ,   Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
Published: January 2022

Aim: The relationship between obesity and urinary tract infections (UTI) was reported in adult studies, but pediatric data is lacking. Methods: This prospective study included children, who were admitted to the outpatient clinic only with the complaint of obesity. UTI screening with symptomatic questioning and clinical feature was performed. Symptomatic participants were examined(urinalysis, culture, or/and blood work, imaging tests). Characteristics of those with UTI, and we determined an obese/overweight, but non-UTI control group matched with age and gender and conducted a case-control study. Results: In this study, 1001 participants were screened, UTI frequency was 3,39%, with 91,2% female predominance. The mean age of all participants was 11.44±3.21 years. All of the UTIs were lower tract infections. Escherichia coli(82,4%) was the most frequently isolated microorganism. History of UTI and hypertension was more frequent in the UTI group(n=34) compared with non UTI group (n=136)(p=0,001; p=0,001). Conclusion: In the UTI group, hypertension and previous UTI history were shown to be more common, so it may be important to question obese/overweight children for UTI at their clinical application.
Identification of the hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics Women & Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030013, Guo Xiaomin , Ji Yong ,   Department of Pediatrics Women & Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030013, Wang Ruirui ,   Department of Pediatrics Women & Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030013, Pan Jinzhou ,   Department of Pediatrics Women & Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030013
Published: January 2022

Objective To review the research on the discernible markers of hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA). Date sources We consulted literatures from PubMed in English up to 2020. Study selection Data about sensitivity, specificity and cut-off value and experimental conclusion are from clinical trials and accurate analysis. Result Hemodynamic significant PDA is associated with severe complications and mortality in premature infant. So far, there are still controversies over the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, mainly relating to identification of hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is ununiform. Numbers of scholars used to employ color Doppler markers to evaluate hsPDA in last 4 decades. This review aims to identify hsPDA in preterm infants from three aspects by analysis the literatures, including non-invasive detection index, biological index and clinical index, which providing evidence-based guidance to reduce the occurrence of excessive medical treatment. Conclusion Echocardiographic markers combining with biological and clinical indicators can improve the identification of hsPDA clinically. Despite the definition of hsPDA has been investigated, the diagnosis and treatment remain ambiguous. More comprehensive and meaningful assessment for hsPDA is required.
Charcott-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 4c Caused from a Pathogenic Homozygous c.1897delG (p.Ala633Profs * 12) Variation in The SH3TC2 Gene
Authors:   Duzce University, Pediatrics Clinic, Duzce, Turkey, Kurt Fatih , Dogan Mustafa ,   Turgut Ozal Research and Education Hospital, Genetics Clinic, Malatya, Turkey, Eroz Recep ,   Assoc. Prof., Duzce University, Genetics Clinic, Duzce, Turkey
Published: January 2022

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a group of diseases with peripheral nerve involvement known as hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy (1). It is the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder. CMT usually begins to show symptoms in the first 10 years and 20s. Clinical symptoms are bilateral, symmetrical sensory and motor polyneuropathy. Its diagnosis is based on clinical findings, EMG and molecular genetic tests. Its treatment is symptomatic. In this article, a CMT Type 4c patient with scoliosis, kyphosis, bilateral sensory and motor polyneuropathy and having SH3TC2 mutation, which is very rare in genetic analysis, is presented.
Cytokine Imbalance in a 15-year-old Boy with Pandemic Influenza an Infection Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Park Sang Hyun , Kang Chang Min ,   Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Kim Dae Seong ,   Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Kim Han Ho ,   Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Yoo Young ,   Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,   Allergy Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Published: January 2022

Acute severe asthma is an acute episode of intractable asthma that is poorly responsive to standard management. Acute respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring ventilator support may be life-threatening. Although respiratory viral infections are responsible for most asthma exacerbations, the seasonal influenza virus has not been considered a risk factor. However, the 2009 H1N1 influenza A pandemic strain (pH1N1), which has resulted in numerous hospitalizations and mortalities worldwide, has been reported to be closely related to asthma exacerbation. Thus, with over 300 million people suffering from asthma worldwide, further studies are needed to protect this vulnerable population that is highly susceptible to pH1N1 infection. Dysregulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines may be involved in asthma exacerbation. We report the case of a paediatric patient with acute respiratory failure due to asthma exacerbation triggered by pH1N1 infection. The patient exhibited Th2 polarization in the acute phase of exacerbation and recovered from ARDS through timely ventilator support and subsequent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Further investigation regarding the mechanism of immune response in asthma exacerbations associated with pH1N1 infection may elucidate the optimal treatment for asthma.
A Novel Variant of Tuberosclerosis: c.2458A>T p.(Lys820*) in the TSC1 Gene 19th Exon
Authors:   Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics Clinic, Duzce, Turkey, Kurt Fatih , Dogan Mustafa ,   Malatya Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Genetics Clinic, Malatya, Turkey, Eroz Recep ,   Professor, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Genetics Clinic, Duzce, Turkey
Published: January 2022

Rhabdomyomas are the most common congenital heart tumors. Rhabdomyomas are hamartomas of myocytes and benign heart tumors. In the postnatal period, it may be asymptomatic, or there may be findings such as murmur, arrhythmia, heart failure, and even hydrops. Echocardiography (ECHO) is a very valuable method in its diagnosis. Rhabdomyomas can regress spontaneously. Rhabdomyoma of the heart is seen in 43-60% of tuberous sclerosis cases. Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant inherited neurocutaneous disease that causes the development of benign tumors called hamartoma in many systems such as brain, retina, kidneys, heart, skin and lungs. In this article, we wanted to contribute to the literature by presenting a new pathogenic c.2458A> T (p.Lys820Ter) variant that developed de novo in the TSC1 gene by genetic analysis of a patient with multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas.
Analysis on Cloud Computing Architectures
Authors:   Professor of CSE, Anna University, Chennai, India, Purushoththaman Dr. M E , Bhavani B ,   Department of CSE & Dean(R&D), Chebrolu Engineering College, Guntur, India
Published: January 2022

Cloud computing is an evolving technique and emerged the entire IT industry in recent years. It transformed the IT landscape and brought the world in the hands of public. One can access the resources available on cloud on pay-as-you-use basis, like applications and infrastructure provided by cloud providers in the form of applications already deployed by cloud providers for use by the cloud users. These services are developed, tested and deployed before they brought into use. Another feature of cloud computing is its massive storage infrastructure made available for database and data supplied by the user. The cloud has several unique architectures and many more are still evolving. The services like SaaS, PaaS and the IaaS are deployed on private, public, community and hybrid clouds. In this paper we discuss the present developments in the cloud computing architecture and also try to present feasible guidance for further processing. Papers published in journals, conferences, white papers are analyzed. We attempt to identify, examine and explain the current trends and development in cloud computing architecture. However, only 13% of the papers examined discussed Others-as-a-Service, while only 26% of the papers reviewed considered issues relating to the major actors involved in cloud computing. This will beneficial to cloud providers, users, and researchers alike
MANAGERIAL NEURO - HETERODOX ATTITUDE IN DISORDERED SCENARIO
Authors:   Professor, Srinivas University, India & Visiting Professor, Management University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, Satpathy Dr. J
Published: January 2022

As a generation that lived through a disorder like DISORDER 19, mankind has been exposed to tremendous challenges and changes of high magnitude. While some changes were favourable and some adverse, mankind was forced to accept and adapt to them. When survival became sole priority, businesses around the world had to step up and respond to adversities selflessly. The disorder brought in a lot of drastic changes in business landscape all around the world. Along with changes in methodologies and functioning of firms, change in creative neuro - heterodox - attitude of business leaders has become need of hour. An impresario is, “A person who manages, organises, and bears risks of a company or corporation.” For such people, disorder is a major disruption which put forth humungous challenges as well as possibilities. But to tackle this and do justice to responsibility amidst disorder requires person to be headstrong. Also, impacts of disorder on economy have been described as “The deepest recession since Second World War”. While DISORDER'19 has a wide-ranging influence on society, including changes in consumption habits, increased anxiety and depression risks, lower psychological sustainability and quality of life, economic impact on enterprises has been unparalleled. Though lockdown measures were extremely effective in controlling spread of disease, it brought in other adverse effects. The lockdown highlighted critical and sensitive issues like gender inequalities, and thus reducing psychological sustainability. Managership, has potential for creating huge positive impact socially and in the sustainable development of the economy. However, studies reveal that managership too has been through changes with visible drop in managership during lockdown. That aside, disorder also made impresarios incorporate vital and changes in CSR projects. Also, we saw the rise of opportunity motivated managership after lockdown measures gradually started to fade.
A Numerical Simulation Under Milk Fouling in A Plate Heat Exchanger in The Presence of a Porous Medium
Authors: Mohamed Sannad  , Afaf Zaza  , Youness El Hammami  , Youssef Mahdi  , Youssef Idihya  , Othmane Benkortbi
Published: February 2022

Fouling is a known dairy industry issue during thermal treatments using a plate heat exchanger (PHE) it directly affects not only energy costs and maintenance but also production, energy and water losses during cleaning operations. Therefore, a considerable attention has been paid to the modelling of the fouling phenomena in order to improve the PHE performances. In this paper, a mathematical model describing the steady state was established for the flow at the macroscopic scale; the model account for constant and turbulent flows between two flat parallel plates at imposed temperature in the presence of a porous medium. The closure k-ε model has been chosen and the conservation of equations has been developed. The numerical procedure adopted was based on the finite volume method on the Fluent CFD software. The accuracy of the Fluent software was validated by comparing our results with those previously published in the literature. The numerical results showed a good reliability of the developed code for both laminar and turbulent regimes of the studied phenomenon. It was able to capture the dynamic and the thermal aspects of the process. The maximum velocity at the output of the channel increased when the thickness of the porous medium was increased. An increase of the average temperature over the whole length of the channel was observed; while a decrease of the average temperature at the outlet of the channel was noticed. The deposit fouling caused additional thermal resistance. Finally, a decrease of the temperature gradient and Nusselt number in the medium of the channel was observed.
Case Studies in the Sociology of Absence and Emergence: Anarcho-Populism in Russia and Mexico
Authors: Smolski Andrew , Sethness Javier , Ross Alexander
Published: January 2022

This paper practices Sousa Santos’ sociology of absences and emergences by establishing the absence of anarchism in populism studies and the presence of anarcho-populism as a concrete yet underappreciated type of populism. We conduct a comparative case study analysis of a set of historical cases, Zemlya i Volya and the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM). We define the term “anarchopopulism,” and analyze the relationship between anarchism and populism through a discursive and ideological theory of populism as a thin-centered ideology reliant on a rhetoric of the people. The results of our case studies demonstrate the existence of anarcho-populism in both Russia and Mexico, however not in all cases examined. Our findings challenge conceptualizations of populism that circumscribe populism within representative democracy and the logic of state sovereignty, highlighting the utility of anarchism in understanding a type of populism rooted in direct democracy and the sovereignty of federated communes.
Twentieth Century Sociological Intimations, Twenty-First Century Contradictions: Neutralizing Racism and Reclaiming Whiteness
Authors: Garcia Jesus
Published: January 2022

In the virtual echo chamber of 21st-century social media, the replacement of primary social bonds with virtual secondary bonds has led to violence and death in the real world. Due to ideological demagoguery and acceptance of violence in far-right-wing groups, imaginary realms in cyber-space have become sites from which terroristic acts flow into non-virtual life. Sociological theory from the past century predicts the current situation and fosters an understanding of how such technology leads to concentrations of racist ideologies and a reversal of Enlightenment values. Twentyfirst-century research suggests that those who commit race-driven violence against civil society perceive their actions as non-deviant and necessary.
Generational Spending Habits
Authors: Wetcher-Hendricks Debra , Hendricks Mitchell
Published: January 2022

The expectation of familiarity with technologies embedded in millennial lifestyle creates a sort of cultural lag, with older generations struggling to understand and use these technologies. However, older generations’ failure to accept new technologies, at least to some degree, would lead to social stagnation. From a populist standpoint, concerns of both generations deserve attention. Hypotheses contend that those in younger generations feel greater strain when using electronic payments than when using currency and that those in older generations feel greater strain when using currency than when using electronic payments. Data gathered from individuals of various ages and in various socio-economic statuses provided moderate, but not overwhelming, support for this contention. However, other, unanticipated, patterns emerge.
Essay. A Fourth Ideology of Individualism: Adding “Online Individuality” to a Theoretical Lens
Authors: Greene Todd
Published: January 2022

Robert Putnam (2020) suggests Americans have become more individualistic every decade since the 1960’s. I have suggested that individualism is not a single monolith, but rather three different ideologies of individualism that have become entangled (2008). Consequences of these individualisms include widespread selfabsorption, and a lack of desire to correct structural problems. This article adds a fourth ideology, the ideology of online individuality, to the three previously stated. The consequences of this ideology are very similar to the others. Implications of ever-increasing individualism are raised. Solutions are suggested.
Guillermo Cabrera Infante and the Meanings of Literature
Authors: Grigore Rodica
Published: January 2022

Unanimously considered one of the greatest Latin American writers of the entire 20th century, the Cuban Guillermo Cabrera Infante is also the author who, despite his tendency to ignore the pattern of traditional fiction, also succeeds in establishing a new type of connection to the great tradition of world literature, following the steps of Miguel de Cervantes and, up to a certain point, symbolically going back to the celebrated model of Don Quixote. Cabrera Infante’s masterpiece, Three Trapped Tigers (Tres tristes tigres, 1965) thus questions the place and meanings of literature itself in the contemporary world, and the characters involved in the process organize their (fictitious) life around textual aspects, underlining the importance of a new kind of interpretative relationship, to be established between reader and writer
Expanded distribution range of nine orchid bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) in Costa Rica
Authors: McDonald Elise , Podesta Jacob , Fortuin Christine , Gandhi Kamal
Published: February 2022

The Monteverde region of Costa Rica is a hotspot of endemism and biodiversity. The region is however disturbed by human activities such as agriculture and urbanization. This study provides a list of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Euglossini) compiled from field surveys conducted during January-October 2019 in the premontane wet forest of San Luis, Monteverde, Costa Rica. We collected 36 species of Euglossine bees across four genera. We provide new geographic distribution and elevation data for nine species in two genera. Due to their critical role in the pollination of orchids and other plants, the distribution and abundance of Euglossine bees has relevance to plant biodiversity and conservation efforts. This is especially important in a region with a high diversity of difficult to study epiphytic orchids such as in the Monteverde region.

A total of 2,742 Euglossine male individuals across four genera (Eufriesea, Eulaema, Euglossa, and Exaerete) were collected in this study. Updated geographic distributions and elevation ranges were established for nine species of Euglossini in two genera: Eufriesea concava (Friese, 1899), Eufriesea mussitans (Fabricius, 1787), Eufriesea rufocauda (Kimsey, 1977), Euglossa dodsoni (Moure, 1965), Euglossa dressleri (Moure, 1968), Euglossa hansoni (Moure, 1965), Euglossa ignita (Smith, 1874), Euglossa tridentata (Moure, 1970), Euglossa turbinifex (Dressler, 1978). For all species except Eufriesea concava (Friese), which had one prior recording in 1993, these are the first recorded occurrences in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica, according to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database (https://doi.org/10.15468/9f9kgp). Expanded elevation ranges are also provided for Euglossa allosticta, Euglossa bursigera, Euglossa mixta, Euglossa heterosticta, and Euglossa maculabris, though these 5 species have been previously recorded in the Monteverde region and thus are not described in detail here.
Le dépistage précoce de l’autisme : Quelle faisabilité ?
Authors: Rogé B. , Chabrol Henri , Unsaldi I.
Published: January 2022

Résumé La question du dépistage précoce de l’autisme et des autres désordres du spectre de l’autisme est d’actualité. Les enjeux sont effectivement importants dans la mesure où la détection précoce permet l’intervention immédiate avec un impact positif sur le pronostic. Une étude de validation sur population française du questionnaire M-CHAT destiné aux parents a été entreprise sur les enfants tout venant présentés à la consultation médicale obligatoire des vingt-quatre mois en région Midi-Pyrénées. Le dispositif de recherche est présenté, ainsi que les résultats préliminaires. À partir de cette expérience et des obstacles rencontrés, la question de la faisabilité du dépistage systématique est posée.
Que nous apprennent les petits frères et sœurs sur les signes précoces d’autisme ?
Authors: Rogers Sally J. , Nadel Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Résumé L’objectif de cette revue est de présenter une synthèse des réponses que l’on peut actuellement apporter à la question de savoir quelles sont les premières caractéristiques comportementales qui prédisent le développement de l’autisme. L’article se centre sur 5 points : la présence de Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA) dans des groupes de frères et sœurs puînés d’enfants déjà diagnostiqués, les patterns et caractéristiques du développement moteur, les patterns et caractéristiques du développement social et émotionnel, les patterns et caractéristiques de la communication intentionnelle verbale et non verbale, et les patterns qui marquent le début de comportements pathognomoniques de TSA. La discussion porte sur les aspects inattendus des résultats et les pistes de recherche nouvelles qu’ils peuvent engendrer.
Stabilité et changement dans l’évolution des TED : perspective vie entière
Authors: Pry René , Darrou Céline
Published: January 2022

Résumé L’examen de la littérature sur les TED amène à repérer un certain nombre de stabilités et de changements dans leurs évolutions, et ceci dans une perspective vie entière : relative stabilité du diagnostic et relative instabilité de la symptomatologie, diversité des transformations adaptatives et cognitives - un tableau complexe qui interroge aussi les aspects de recueil de données et de méthodologie. La question des facteurs de protection et/ou d’aggravation mérite également d’être abordée. Le nombre de candidats éligibles est faible et les données actuelles sont peu concluantes.
Le point de vue d’un praticien
Authors: Constant Jacques
Published: January 2022

Résumé En France, les personnes atteintes d’un trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) sont accompagnées dans le cadre d’une politique publique qui a créé des Centres de Ressource Autisme (CRA) permettant le diagnostic et l’orientation des parents vers les ressources médicales et éducatives. Dans la rencontre entre personnes autistes et professionnels, on peut se demander qui est le plus handicapé. Les personnes avec Troubles du Spectre Autistique sans déficit intellectuel peuvent aider à la compréhension du fonctionnement autistique. Une expérience d’accompagnement d’une cinquantaine de jeunes autistes de quatorze à vingt-quatre ans depuis 10 ans nous mène à constater que les méthodes intégratives que nous employons nécessitent une étroite collaboration avec la famille. Le degré d’autisme et le niveau de développement de chacun, évalués selon les tests habituels, permettent d’approcher un ajustement sur mesure de l’accompagnement et une évaluation de l’efficacité des techniques de compensation. Néanmoins les outils de classification et d’évaluation restent insuffisants pour accompagner pleinement ces personnes en s’appuyant sur leurs ressources, en compensant leurs déficiences et en adaptant continuellement l’environnement familial, professionnel et matériel, à leur façon d’être au monde.
Les compléments neurophysiologiques du diagnostic
Authors: Barthélémy C. , Huc-Chabrolles M. , Tripi G. , Gomot M. , Martineau Jacques , Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique
Published: January 2022

Résumé Les recherches présentées mettent en évidence des relations entre anomalies comportementales et cognitives et dysfonctionnements cérébraux sous-jacents à partir de méthodes d’exploration électrophysiologique non invasives (électroencéphalogramme, potentiels évoqués auditifs). Trois types de troubles sont étudiés : les troubles du sommeil, l’intolérance au changement et l’exploration visuelle atypique des visages humains. La complémentarité des approches cliniques et neurophysiologiques est cruciale aux étapes du diagnostic fonctionnel, de l’intervention thérapeutique et éducative.
Autisme, la piste génétique se confirme
Authors: Bourgeron Thomas , Leboyer Marion , Delorme Richard
Published: January 2022

Résumé Coup sur coup, plusieurs études ont identifié des mutations génétiques en cause dans l’autisme. Les gènes impliqués jouent un rôle dans le fonctionnement des synapses. En accordant sa part à l’inné, cette découverte lève un pan du voile qui entoure ce syndrome très complexe.
Où est le développement dans le syndrome développemental d’autisme ?
Authors: Nadel Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

Résumé L’article propose une analyse des difficultés auxquelles se confronte la recherche de marqueurs précoces d’un trouble développemental. Parmi ces difficultés, les plus sérieuses concernent la possible origine commune de comportements s’appliquant à des domaines sociaux et non sociaux, le changement de fonction des comportements au cours du temps, les différents supports comportementaux d’une même fonction. Ces difficultés appellent une conception du développement en terme d’un modèle épigénétique probabiliste à trois facteurs en co-action continue : les facteurs génétiques, la dynamique neurale et les facteurs expérientiels.
Place de la structuration de l’image du corps et grille de repérage clinique des étapes évolutives de l’autisme infantile
Authors: Haag Geneviève
Published: January 2022

Résumé La grille présentée Cette grille s’ordonne autour des grandes étapes de la formation du moi corporel que les enfants autistes nous ont aidés à mieux repérer. La construction de l’espace et les capacités d’instrumentation cognitive se placent très logiquement dans cette structuration. Quatre grandes étapes sont définies au-delà d’une première qui est l’état autistique sévère ; la seconde est celle de la restauration de la « peau » (sentiment d’entourance circulaire ou sphérique) ; la troisième est la réduction du clivage vertical, la quatrième celle du clivage horizontal de l’image du corps ; enfin, la cinquième est la phase d’individuation/séparation en corps total. A chaque étape sont repérés : l’état de l’image du corps, les symptômes autistiques, les manifestations émotionnelles dans la relation, l’état du regard, l’exploration de l’espace et des objets, l’état du langage, l’état du graphisme, le repérage temporel et les conduites agressives.
La négociation dans les interactions conflictuelles : Une contribution à l’évaluation différentielle d’enfants autistiques de « haut niveau »
Authors: Veneziano Edy , Plumet Marie Hélène
Published: January 2022

Résumé Le diagnostic et l’évaluation des troubles des enfants autistes présentant un retard intellectuel modéré et un développement du langage relativement préservé posent des difficultés particulières. L’évaluation de leurs connaissances langagières et sociales en contextes expérimentaux ne permet pas de capter de manière spécifique la dimension pragmatique de leur comportement communicatif. Le but de cette étude est de développer une méthode d’évaluation précise de l’utilisation socialement fonctionnelle que font ces enfants de leurs comportements verbaux et non verbaux lorsqu’ils sont engagés dans des épisodes d’opposition spontanée au sein des interactions quotidiennes. Sont évaluées les habiletés de l’enfant à 1. fournir des justifications ; 2. prendre en considération les justifications produites par ses interlocuteurs ; et 3. adapter son comportement aux interventions successives de son interlocuteur. Les résultats obtenus sur 15 enfants (6 enfants autistes et 9 enfants au développement typique appariés sur l’âge verbal ou plus jeunes) montrent l’existence de différences mais aussi de ressemblances entre le fonctionnement pragmatique des enfants autistes et celui des enfants typiques. L’analyse d’un échantillon relativement réduit d’interactions naturelles permet de mettre en évidence des domaines de fonctionnement et dysfonctionnement, et d’établir, pour chaque dyade, une évaluation différenciée de leurs interactions communicatives dans la vie quotidienne.
Conceptions naïves de la digestion chez les enfants de 7 à 10 ans
Authors: Megalakaki Olga , Fouquet Nathalie
Published: January 2022

Résumé L’objectif de cet article était d’étudier l’organisation, la cohérence et l’évolution des conceptions naïves de la digestion chez des enfants âgés de 7 à 10 ans. Les enfants devaient dessiner le trajet et le devenir d’une pomme dans le corps et répondre à une série de questions. Nous avons étudié trois thèmes : -- la structure du système digestif, -- les transformations progressives des aliments dans le corps, -- l’absorption intestinale et le passage des aliments dans le sang. Les résultats montrent que les enfants utilisent un petit nombre de conceptions cohérentes pour expliquer la digestion et ses processus, et que ces conceptions évoluent significativement. Les enfants progressent depuis des conceptions où ils considèrent le système digestif comme une « libre circulation des aliments dans le corps » ou d’un « corps contenant », vers des conceptions du type « tuyauterie continue » pour arriver à des conceptions où les deux systèmes digestif et circulatoire sont considérés au départ indépendamment l’un de l’autre et ensuite comme deux systèmes en relation.
Comment les mères racontent une histoire de fausse croyance à leur enfant de 3 ans ou de 5 ans
Authors: Chanoni Émilie
Published: January 2022

Résumé Un consensus dans la littérature établit un lien étroit entre le développement du langage et celui de la théorie de l’esprit. Dans cette perspective, nous avons étudié les propos de 20 mères racontant une histoire épistémique à leur enfant âgé de 3 ou de 5 ans. L’analyse sémantique et pragmatique indique une moindre utilisation par les mères des références aux états mentaux épistémiques comparés aux états cognitifs et émotionnels, et ce quel que soit l’âge de l’enfant. Par contre, selon l’âge de l’enfant, les mères ciblent leurs énoncés sur la propre croyance de l’enfant (à 3 ans) ou sur la croyance du personnage (à 5 ans). Ces résultats convergent avec ceux des études montrant que l’utilisation de termes mentaux dans la conversation précède la compréhension métareprésentationnelle de ces termes.
Du graphème lu au graphème transcrit, y a-t-il une bonne stratégie pour copier un texte ?
Authors: Renard Michel
Published: January 2022

Résumé Cette étude se propose de déterminer quelle stratégie de copie différencie les enfants de 9–10 ans qui transcrivent un texte ou des mots écrits sur tableau mural en commettant peu d’erreurs de ceux qui transcrivent en en commettant beaucoup. Neuf compétences utiles dans l’acte de copie ont été étudiées chez les 5 sujets ayant produit les meilleures performances de même que chez les 5 sujets ayant commis le plus d’erreurs parmi un échantillon complet de 68 sujets auxquels on a présenté un pré-test de copie de textes. Deux hypothèses ont pu être formulées au vu des résultats de cette partie exploratoire : 1. les sujets mauvais transcripteurs utilisent la voie orthographique en passant par un lexique orthographique contenant des erreurs, pour retranscrire des textes ; 2. les sujets bons transcripteurs utilisent la saisie syllabique pour retranscrire des textes. Ces deux hypothèses ont été confirmées auprès de l’échantillon.
Dès 5 ans, les filles rejettent l’obésité
Authors: Askevis-Leherpeux Françoise , Schiaratura Loris T.
Published: January 2022

Résumé Cette étude avait pour objectif majeur de tester l’hypothèse d’une asymétrie de genre dans la stigmatisation de l’obésité chez des jeunes enfants. Elle avait aussi pour objectif de tester si, dès ce jeune âge, l’obésité est associée à une perception de responsabilité (perception des causes) et de contrôlabilité (perception des solutions). On a demandé à des filles et des garçons, âgés de 5 et 6 ans, de ranger par ordre de préférence décroissante six dessins représentant des filles et des garçons variant en corpulence (maigre, obèse et intermédiaire). Puis on leur a demandé de répondre à un questionnaire mesurant leurs perceptions des causes et des solutions. Les résultats confirment que le rejet des enfants obèses, de même sexe ou de sexe opposé, est plus marqué de la part des filles que des garçons. Ils montrent également que, si garçons et filles penchent vers des explications internes de l’obésité, seules les filles soulignent que l’obésité est contrôlable. Elles ajoutent que faire du sport peut être une solution efficace. Ainsi, dès ce très jeune âge, la stigmatisation de l’obésité traduit une asymétrie de la catégorisation de genre. Les filles, particulièrement sévères à l’égard de leurs pairs obèses, pensent que l’obésité peut se maîtriser et semblent avoir internalisé les standards normatifs de la beauté féminine.
Introduction – L’étude de la prosodie en acquisition : un enjeu clinique
Authors: Martel Karine
Published: January 2022

Résumé Pour tenter de comprendre les troubles dans le développement, de plus en plus de chercheurs se réfèrent aux procédés d’acquisition du langage. À cet égard, plusieurs travaux ont mis en évidence le rôle fondamental de la prosodie pendant la période préverbale, la prosodie apparaissant comme l’un des composants du langage que l’enfant traite en priorité, à la fois en perception et en production. Observer l’évolution de la prosodie paraît donc être une approche efficace pour déceler à quel moment le système langagier devient incohérent ou à quel moment le développement de l’enfant présente des aspects atypiques. Encore faut-il disposer de critères objectifs permettant de mesurer les dysfonctionnements dans les paramètres vocaux. La recherche de ces critères est aujourd’hui essentielle si l’on veut repérer les troubles le plus tôt possible.
À la découverte des mots : le rôle de la prosodie dans l’acquisition du lexique et de la syntaxe
Authors: Millotte Séverine , Christophe Anne
Published: January 2022

Résumé Les enfants qui acquièrent leur langue maternelle doivent apprendre, entre autres choses, les mots de cette langue. Pour ce faire, ils doivent d’une part extraire la forme sonore des mots donc segmenter la parole continue. Nous verrons dans une première partie que les informations prosodiques sont utilisées par les jeunes enfants pour trouver où commencent et où finissent les mots dans les phrases. D’autre part, les enfants doivent ensuite réussir à assigner un sens à ces formes sonores et nous verrons, dans une deuxième partie, que cette tâche peut être facilitée par certaines connaissances syntaxiques, comme la connaissance de la catégorie grammaticale des mots. À nouveau, nous verrons que la prosodie a un rôle à jouer dans cette tâche, de manière conjointe avec d’autres indices présents dans le signal de parole, les mots grammaticaux.