bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational transmission of mental health risk in refugee families: The role of maternal psychopathology and emotional availability
Authors: Scharpf Florian , Paulus Markus , Christner Natalie , Beerbaum Luisa , Kammermeier Marina , Hecker Tobias
Published: July 2023

To prevent an intergenerational cycle of malfunction, it is crucial to understand how mothers’ exposure to traumatic war experiences contributes to their children’s vulnerability to mental health problems. This study examined the role of maternal psychopathology and mother–child emotional availability (EA) in the association between mothers’ trauma exposure and children’s mental health problems in a sample of 222 Burundian mother–child dyads living in refugee camps in Tanzania. Maternal and child EA were assessed through recorded observations of mother–child interactions. In structured clinical interviews, mothers reported on their lifetime exposure to traumatic events and their psychopathology and both mothers and fathers reported on children’s emotional and behavioral problems. Structural equation modeling showed that mothers’ higher trauma exposure was indirectly associated with higher levels of children’s mental health problems through higher levels of maternal psychopathology. Mothers’ higher trauma exposure was also directly associated with lower maternal EA in mother–child interactions, which was in turn related to higher levels of children’s mental health problems. The findings suggest that trauma exposure independently affects mothers’ mental health and their EA, which can contribute to children’s mental health problems. Interventions aiming to reduce mothers’ psychopathology and strengthen their EA may be beneficial for children’s well-being.
Assessing Convective‐Stratiform Precipitation Regimes in the Tropics and Extratropics With the GPM Satellite Radar
Authors: Schumacher Courtney , Funk Aaron
Published: July 2023

An 8‐year climatology of raintype observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement dual‐frequency precipitation radar highlights two stratiform rain producing storm regimes differentiated by the relative importance of convection. The more convectively active regime occurs in the tropics and over warm‐season midlatitude land, where warm‐ and cold‐topped convection accounts for 55% (40%) of the rain (rain area). The less convectively active regime dominates over midlatitude ocean and cold‐season midlatitude land, where convective rain only accounts for 15% (8%) of the rain (rain area). The ratio between cold‐topped convective and stratiform rain area is highly distinct between the two regimes (22% vs. 5.5%), with different precipitation amounts (and thus heating) for similar stratiform rain areas. A third tropics‐only warm‐topped convection regime exists, but is not associated with major stratiform rain production.
Cold Season Rain Event Has Impact on Greenland's Firn Layer Comparable to Entire Summer Melt Season
Authors: Harper J. , Saito J. , Humphrey N.
Published: July 2023

Rainfall high on the Greenland Ice Sheet is an emerging phenomenon with consequences for the thermal and structural makeup of the surface layer. We document changes to Greenland's firn column due to a 4‐day cold‐season warm/rain event. Heavy precipitation occurred with a sudden 30°C increase in air temperature, reaching 0°C at 2,000 m elevation. Thermistor strings within the firn layer across a 35 km transect show rapid warming of 6°–23°C reaching depths of 2–10 m. Antecedent conditions governed the magnitude, duration, and depth‐distribution of sensible and latent heat added to the firn column. Heat fluxes from the firn layer required up to 8 weeks to recover to baseline, a significant fraction of the winter period. The amount of liquid water refrozen in the firn column was ∼20%–100% of the prior summer demonstrating the impact of extreme weather events on the ice sheet's evolution and runoff characteristics.
Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes
Authors: Lee Walker R. , Visioni Daniele , Bednarz Ewa M. , MacMartin Douglas G. , Kravitz Ben , Tilmes Simone
Published: July 2023

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) of reflective sulfate aerosols has been proposed to temporarily reduce the impacts of global warming. In this study, we compare two SAI simulations which inject at different altitudes to provide the same amount of cooling, finding that lower‐altitude SAI requires 64% more injection. SAI at higher altitudes cools the surface more efficiently per unit injection than lower‐altitude SAI through two primary mechanisms: the longer lifetimes of SO2 and SO4 at higher altitudes, and the water vapor feedback, in which lower‐altitude SAI causes more heating in the tropical cold point tropopause region, thereby increasing water vapor transport into the stratosphere and trapping more terrestrial infrared radiation that offsets some of the direct aerosol‐induced cooling. We isolate these individual mechanisms and find that the contribution of lifetime effects to differences in cooling efficiency is approximately five to six times larger than the contribution of the water vapor feedback.
Pituitary T1 signal intensity at magnetic resonance imaging is reduced in patients with obesity: results from the CHIASM study
Authors: Puliani Giulia , Sbardella Emilia , Cozzolino Alessia , Sada Valentina , Tozzi Rossella , Andreoli Chiara , Fiorelli Marco , Di Biasi Claudio , Corallino Diletta , Balla Andrea , Paganini Alessandro M. , Venneri Mary Anna , Lenzi Andrea , Lubrano Carla , Isidori Andrea M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Despite obesity being well known to be associated with several pituitary hormone imbalances, pituitary appearance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with obesity is understudied.

Objective

To evaluate the pituitary volume and signal intensity at MRI in patients with obesity.

Methods

This is a prospective study performed in an endocrine Italian referral center (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03458533). Sixty-nine patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and twenty-five subjects without obesity were enrolled. Thirty-three patients with obesity were re-evaluated after 3 years of diet and lifestyle changes, of whom 17 (51.5%) achieved a > 5% loss of their initial body weight, whereas the remaining 16 (48.5%) had maintained or gained weight. Evaluations included metabolic and hormone assessments, DEXA scan, and pituitary MRI. Pituitary signal intensity was quantified by measuring the pixel density using ImageJ software.

Results

At baseline, no difference in pituitary volume was observed between the obese and non-obese cohorts. At the 3-year follow-up, pituitary volume was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) only in participants with stable-increased body weight. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted in the mean pituitary intensity of T1-weighted plain and contrast-enhanced sequences between the obese and non-obese cohorts at baseline (p = 0.006; p = 0.002), and a significant decrease in signal intensity was observed in the subgroup of participants who had not lost weight (p = 0.012; p = 0.017). Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, following correction for BMI, were correlated with pituitary volume (p = 0.001) and intensity (p = 0.049), whereas morning cortisol levels were correlated with pituitary intensity (p = 0.007). The T1-weighted pituitary intensity was negatively correlated with truncal fat (p = 0.006) and fibrinogen (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

The CHIASM study describes a quantitative reduction in pituitary intensity in T1-weighted sequences in patients with obesity. These alterations could be explained by changes in the pituitary stromal tissue, correlated with low-grade inflammation.
Haploidentical transplant with posttransplant cyclophosphamide vs matched related and unrelated donor transplant in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic neoplasm
Authors: Rieger Max J. , Stolz Sebastian M. , Müller Antonia M. , Schwotzer Rahel , Nair Gayathri , Schneidawind Dominik , Manz Markus G. , Schanz Urs
Published: July 2023

Hematopoietic cell transplantation from haploidentical donors (haploHCT) has facilitated treatment of AML and MDS by increasing donor availability and became more feasible since the introduction of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (ptCY). In our single-center retrospective analysis including 213 patients with AML or MDS, we compare the outcome of haploHCT (n = 40) with ptCY with HCT from HLA-identical MRD (n = 105) and MUD (n = 68). At 2 years after transplantation, overall survival (OS) after haploHCT was not significantly different (0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.79) compared to MRD (0.77; 0.67–0.88) and MUD transplantation (0.72; 0.64–0.82, p = 0.51). While progression-free survival (PFS) was also not significantly different (haploHCT: 0.60; 0.46–0.78, MRD: 0.55; 0.44–0.69, MUD: 0.64; 0.55–0.74, p = 0.64), non-relapse mortality (NRM) was significantly higher after haploHCT (0.18; 0.08–0.33) vs. MRD (0.029; 0.005–0.09) and MUD (0.06; 0.02–0.12, p < 0.05). Higher NRM was mainly caused by a higher rate of fatal infections, while deaths related to GvHD or other non-relapse reasons were rare in all groups. As most fatal infections occurred early and were bacterial related, one potential risk factor among many was identified in the significantly longer time to neutrophil engraftment after haploHCT with a median of 16 days (interquartile range; 14.8–20.0) vs. 12 days (10.0–13.0) for MRD and 11 days (10.0–13.0) for MUD (p = 0.01).
Boosting ridge for the extreme learning machine globally optimised for classification and regression problems
Authors: Peralez-González Carlos , Pérez-Rodríguez Javier , Durán-Rosal Antonio M.
Published: July 2023

This paper explores the boosting ridge (BR) framework in the extreme learning machine (ELM) community and presents a novel model that trains the base learners as a global ensemble. In the context of Extreme Learning Machine single-hidden-layer networks, the nodes in the hidden layer are preconfigured before training, and the optimisation is performed on the weights in the output layer. The previous implementation of the BR ensemble with ELM (BRELM) as base learners fix the nodes in the hidden layer for all the ELMs. The ensemble learning method generates different output layer coefficients by reducing the residual error of the ensemble sequentially as more base learners are added to the ensemble. As in other ensemble methodologies, base learners are selected until fulfilling ensemble criteria such as size or performance. This paper proposes a global learning method in the BR framework, where base learners are not added step by step, but all are calculated in a single step looking for ensemble performance. This method considers (i) the configurations of the hidden layer are different for each base learner, (ii) the base learners are optimised all at once, not sequentially, thus avoiding saturation, and (iii) the ensemble methodology does not have the disadvantage of working with strong classifiers. Various regression and classification benchmark datasets have been selected to compare this method with the original BRELM implementation and other state-of-the-art algorithms. Particularly, 71 datasets for classification and 52 for regression, have been considered using different metrics and analysing different characteristics of the datasets, such as the size, the number of classes or the imbalanced nature of them. Statistical tests indicate the superiority of the proposed method in both regression and classification problems in all experimental scenarios.
Proximity-inducing modalities: the past, present, and future
Authors: Singh Sameek , Tian Wenzhi , Severance Zachary C. , Chaudhary Santosh K. , Anokhina Viktoriya , Mondal Basudeb , Pergu Rajaiah , Singh Prashant , Dhawa Uttam , Singha Santanu , Choudhary Amit
Published: July 2023

In this review, we highlight bifunctional modalities that perform functions other than degradation and have great potential to revolutionize disease treatment, while also serving as important tools in basic research to explore new aspects of biology.
Unexpected higher corrosion in the gas phase region of metals caused by calcium and magnesium ions compared to sodium ions
Authors: Luo Yi , He Zhenglin , Yang Huayan , Li Yunzhang , Yue Dongting , Zhang Zehui , Shi Guosheng
Published: July 2023

Magnesium chloride molecules carried by ethanol molecules are adsorbed on the iron surface.
Multifunctional amorphous FeCoNiTixSi high-entropy alloys with excellent electromagnetic-wave absorption performances
Authors: Jia Lei , Jiang Linwen , Zhou Haoran , Yan Siqin , Wu Anhua , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2023

Flaky amorphous high-entropy alloys were prepared by high-energy ball-milling technique, which not only have efficient electromagnetic wave absorption properties, but also have excellent comprehensive performances.
Insight into the K channel's selectivity from binding of K+, Na+ and water to N-methylacetamide
Authors: Stevens Mark J. , Rempe Susan L. B.
Published: July 2023

Binding site occupancy and the mechanism of K selectivity involve multiple K binding in multiple neighboring layers, or sites, of the K channel selectivity filter.
Empowering strategies of electrochemical N–N bond forming reactions: direct access to previously neglected 1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides
Authors: Titenkova Kseniia , Shuvaev Alexander D. , Teslenko Fedor E. , Zhilin Egor S. , Fershtat Leonid L.
Published: July 2023

A green electrochemical approach for the intramolecular formation of N–N bonds was realized to prepare a diverse range of valuable 1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides, making this nitrogen heterocycle subclass a full member of classes of organic compounds.
Transition metal-free photocatalytic radical annulation of 2-cyanoaryl acrylamides with difluoromethyl radicals to assemble 4-amino-quinolinone derivatives
Authors: Wu Qiaoyan , Zhang Niuniu , Gong Xirui , Ren Meilin , Xu Yanli , Chen Yanyan
Published: July 2023

A metal-free photocatalytic radical annulation of 2-cyanoaryl acrylamides with [CF2HPPh3]+Br− to give 4-amino-quinolinones in good yields was developed. An easily obtained organophotocatalyst and green solvent acetone/H2O were utilized in the protocol.
Organolanthanide η1- and η5-pyrrolyl half-sandwich compounds: synthesis, structures, and magnetic properties
Authors: She Yeye , Lu Yanhua , Jia Chaohong , Li Yahong , Zhang Yi-Quan , Yao Jin-lei
Published: July 2023

Four dinuclear organolanthanide complexes were synthesized and characterized. Antiferromagnetic interactions were determined for these complexes and the magnetic properties were further explained by DFT calculations.
Heterogeneous traffic intersections control design based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Shen Jiajing , Hu Jiaxing , Zhao Qinpei , Rao Weixiong
Published: July 2023

Traffic light control is a cost‐effective method to alleviate traffic congestion and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that is increasingly favored as a method for real‐time traffic light control. However, the complexities of modern urban intersections, including crossroads and T‐junctions, pose challenges for DRL‐based traffic light control systems that do not work well for such heterogeneous intersections. To address this problem, a Heterogeneous Advantage Actor‐Critic (HA2C) model is proposed to control traffic lights for heterogeneous intersections. First, HA2C employs an intersection structure transformation scheme to mask intersection heterogeneity. Second, it develops a two‐stage approach on top of an Advantage Actor‐Critic (A2C) reinforcement learning model to learn both general and structure‐specific policies, leading to more accurate decisions. The extensive simulations on both synthetic and real‐world maps demonstrate that HA2C outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of higher throughput and faster travel time, while using a smaller model size in most scenarios.
Particle monitoring capability of the Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph through the increasing phase of solar cycle 25
Authors: Grimani C. , Andretta V. , Antonucci E. , Chioetto P. , Da Deppo V. , Fabi M. , Gissot S. , Jerse G. , Messerotti M. , Naletto G. , Pancrazzi M. , Persici A. , Plainaki C. , Romoli M. , Sabbatini F. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Telloni D. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Villani M. , Abbo L. , Burtovoi A. , Frassati F. , Landini F. , Nicolini G. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Susino R.
Published: July 2023

Context.Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar particles with energies greater than tens of MeV penetrate spacecraft and instruments hosted aboard space missions. The Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph is aimed at observing the solar corona in both visible (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Particle tracks are observed in the Metis images of the corona. An algorithm has been implemented in the Metis processing electronics to detect the VL image pixels crossed by cosmic rays. This algorithm was initially enabled for the VL instrument only, since the process of separating the particle tracks in the UV images has proven to be very challenging.

Aims.We study the impact of the overall bulk of particles of galactic and solar origin on the Metis coronagraph images. We discuss the effects of the increasing solar activity after the Solar Orbiter mission launch on the secondary particle production in the spacecraft.

Methods.We compared Monte Carlo simulations of GCRs crossing or interacting in the Metis VL CMOS sensor to observations gathered in 2020 and 2022. We also evaluated the impact of solar energetic particle events of different intensities on the Metis images.

Results.The study of the role of abundant and rare cosmic rays in firing pixels in the Metis VL images of the corona allows us to estimate the efficiency of the algorithm applied for cosmic-ray track removal from the images and to demonstrate that the instrument performance had remained unchanged during the first two years of the Solar Orbiter operations. The outcome of this work can be used to estimate the Solar Orbiter instrument’s deep charging and the order of magnitude for energetic particles crossing the images of Metis and other instruments such as STIX and EUI.
Culturation of Hedysarum Alpinum L. Cell Culture Under in Vitro Conditions
Authors: Bokhan A. I. , Savin P. S. , Myasnikova S. B.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the research is to develop a process for the continuous cultivation of Alpine Hedysarum cells in larger vessels (fermenters). The studies were carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VILAR in 2016–2022. As a result of the experiments, a cell line was obtained from the cotyledon of a seedling of the alpine hedysarum plant, labeled as the Hedysarum alpinum (C) 2016 strain. both physiologically and morphologically. The duration of growth of the suspension culture of Hedysarum alpinum (C) 2016 corresponded to 16-20 days of cultivation, the maximum growth of the culture was 3.4 g/l of the nutrient medium, which corresponds to 24% of the growth of the cell culture in flasks on a shaker. The cell culture grown in the fermenter does not develop uniformly, as evidenced by the two peaks of biomass growth on the graph of the absolute growth rate. The factor of physiological heterogeneity of the suspension culture of Hedysarum alpinum (C) 2016 was noted, which can affect the final results on the accumulation of biomass and its biosynthetic activity. The isoflavone glycoside ononin, 7-O-(β-glucopyranosyioloxy)-4 methoxyisoflavone, was found in the cell culture of Alpine Hedysarum alpinum.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Mean Global Oxygen Delivery May Be Associated with Neurocognitive Preservation during Hypothermic Aortic Surgery
Authors: Garrison Larry
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this retrospective research was to investigate the relationship between mean global oxygen delivery (DO2) and neurocognitive function in adult patients who presented for aortic surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). From a pool of 132 patients, data from 100 CPB patients from 2012 to 2014 aged 50 years or older were randomly selected and analyzed, and global DO2on CPB was used to categorize patients into those for whom the mean indexed cerebral oxygen delivery (DO2i) was either ≥272 mL O2/min/m2(critical DO2[DO2crit]) or less than DO2crit. Ten patients experienced either stroke or expired in the perioperative course. The proportion of patients with evidence of neurocognitive preservation was 98.3% in the group in which the DO2critwas met, compared with 80.6% in the group where DO2critwas not met (X2[1, 100] = 3.27,p= .07). Potentially, because of causes other than DO2, the subset of patients with stroke and/or death were removed, and data from 90 cases were analyzed, and a global mean DO2i value of 239.9 mL O2/min/m2was identified. A larger sample size with controls may yield deeper insights into the hypothesis that a mean global CPB DO2i of 239.9 mL O2/min/m2may play a role in predicting neurocognitive preservation in this patient population.
How a Robotic Visualization System Can Facilitate Targeted Muscle Reinnervation
Authors: Brauckmann Vesta , Mayor Jorge R. , Ernst Luisa , Ernst Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Background Innovations in medical technologies have impacted surgery sustainably in the last decades. To enable and further improve microsurgical outcomes, different loupes and optic-based microscopes have been proposed in recent years. In amputation surgery continuous progress and prosthetic developments have provided amputees with an improved degree of function and quality of life.

Herein, we present a 17-year-old patient who suffered a traumatic loss of the left upper limb and underwent target muscle reinnervation surgery facilitated by a three-dimensional (3D) robotic exoscope system.

Methods The rerouting of the distal ends of the arm nerves (TMR) was performed in the upper limb of a traumatic transhumeral amputee patient using a 3D robotic exoscope system (RS, RoboticScope, BHS Technologies, Innsbruck, Austria). Perioperative data was collected and compared to standard. Users' perspective evaluation of the system during the surgical procedure was done using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results Operation time was 311 minutes, the robotic system was used for 101 minutes. Overall users' evaluation revealed a 4.5 for the selected items on the Likert scale. The evaluation showed similar results in the evaluation of the system by the main and assistant surgeons. No special training was required beforehand. The bimanual control allowed for improved personal freedom in the surgical field at a comfortable position. The imaging of colors will need future improvements until an authentic representation of in situ structures is achieved.

Conclusion Major advantages of a robotic scope 3D exoscope system are improved image quality, ergonomic position, and increased accessibility in a wider operating field due to system-implied features. Another benefit is digital documentation and simultaneous education through the possibility of capturing images and videos, as well as easy transportation in between operating rooms without risk to harm the vulnerable optic. Digital microscopes are still associated with high acquisition costs, and they are not yet implemented as standard of care due to limited experience.
Combined Endoscopy–Laparoscopy Surgery: When and How to Utilize This Tool
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jordan , Gupta Abhinav , Lee Sang W.
Published: July 2023

Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS) has been used to resect colon polyps since the 1990s. These colon-sparing techniques, however, have not yet been widely adopted. With the evolution of technology in both diagnosing and treating colon cancer, colorectal surgeons should strive for a diverse and complete armamentarium through which they can best serve their patients. In this article, we hope to provide clarity on CELS by discussing three topics: (1) the history and fruition of CELS; (2) the techniques involved in CELS; and (3) the utility of CELS within different clinical scenarios. Our goal is to educate readers and stimulate consideration of CELS in select patients who might benefit greatly from these techniques.
2.11 Iron-Based Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ollevier T.
Published: July 2023

Various synthetic applications of iron-based Lewis acid complexes are presented through their most noteworthy and groundbreaking applications in asymmetric catalysis. The iron Lewis acids are organized according to their structure, and then their reactivity. It has been reported that various chiral iron Lewis acids can be used in a broad range of synthetic transformations. Diverse categories of chiral ligands are used in asymmetric catalysis using chiral iron complexes, including N,N′-dioxides, bipyridines, oxazolines, Schiff bases, salen/salan-type structures, and aminopyridines.
A cryogenic ion trap for single molecule vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Eierman S. , Peng Z. , Calvin A. , Brzeczek M. , Satterthwaite L. , Patterson D.
Published: July 2023

We report on an ion trapping system for performing a novel form of cryogenic messenger spectroscopy with single molecule sensitivity. The system features a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap loaded with single analyte molecules via a quadrupole mass filter. We demonstrate the ability to controllably attach inert gas particles to buffer gas cooled, trapped molecular ions. Sympathetic cooling by co-trapped, laser cooled 88Sr+ further reduces the translational temperature of trapped molecules to the millikelvin regime. We verify the presence of cryogenic “tags” via non-destructive optical mass spectrometry and selectively remove these adducts by resonantly driving vibrational transitions in the tagged molecular ions. This enables us to derive the vibrational spectrum of a single analyte molecule from the frequency dependence of the tag detachment rate. We have demonstrated these capabilities by measuring transitions in the C–H stretching region for single cationic fragments of both indole (C8H7N) and 1,3-benzodioxole (C6H4O2CH2). These capabilities are not reliant on a specific molecular level structure and thus constitute a general, non-destructive method for vibrational spectroscopy of individual molecular ions.
Investigation on the influence of heterogeneous synergy in contagion processes on complex networks
Authors: Yan Zixiang , Gao Jian , Wang Shengfeng , Lan Yueheng , Xiao Jinghua
Published: July 2023

Synergistic contagion in a networked system occurs in various forms in nature and human society. While the influence of network’s structural heterogeneity on synergistic contagion has been well studied, the impact of individual-based heterogeneity on synergistic contagion remains unclear. In this work, we introduce individual-based heterogeneity with a power-law form into the synergistic susceptible–infected–susceptible model by assuming the synergistic strength as a function of individuals’ degree and investigate this synergistic contagion process on complex networks. By employing the heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) approximation, we analytically show that the heterogeneous synergy significantly changes the critical threshold of synergistic strength σc that is required for the occurrence of discontinuous phase transitions of contagion processes. Comparing to the synergy without individual-based heterogeneity, the value of σc decreases with degree-enhanced synergy and increases with degree-suppressed synergy, which agrees well with Monte Carlo prediction. Next, we compare our heterogeneous synergistic contagion model with the simplicial contagion model [Iacopini et al., Nat. Commun. 10, 2485 (2019)], in which high-order interactions are introduced to describe complex contagion. Similarity of these two models are shown both analytically and numerically, confirming the ability of our model to statistically describe the simplest high-order interaction within HMF approximation.
Mechanism of particle dual-orbital motion in a laminar microvortex
Authors: Shen Feng , Gao Jie , Ai Mingzhu , Li Zonghe , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: July 2023

Particle orbital motion in a hydrodynamic vortex confined in a microcavity is a relatively new issue of fluid mechanics. In this study, we use a high-speed microscopy system to visualize the phenomenon of particle two-orbital motion within a laminar microvortex. Specifically, a finite-size particle recirculates along a small inner orbit and a large outer orbit alternately and periodically. The influences of the inlet Reynolds number (Re = 110–270), particle diameter (d = 20 and 30 μm), and microcavity size on the particle orbiting behaviors are investigated. The vortical flow field, orbital morphology, and particle velocity variations are characterized quantitatively to elucidate the mechanisms of particle recirculation along the dual orbits. The particle orbital motion results from the combined effects of hydrodynamic forces, particle slingshot effect, and particle–wall interactions in a complex way. The findings of this study could deepen the understanding of the particle orbital motion in a microvortex.
Helminths revive to survive
Authors: Grainger John R. , Daw Rufus H.
Published: July 2023

Helminth parasites are well known to have co-evolved a diverse arsenal of immunomodulatory factors to aid their persistence following infection. In this issue, Karo-Atar et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20212311) demonstrate that products released by the gut-dwelling helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus barkeri modify intestinal stem cells into a “revival” state, which is associated with a loss of helminth-expelling secretory cell types from the epithelium.
Magnetic properties of delta- and kagome-like chains with competing interactions
Authors: Dmitriev D V , Krivnov V Ya
Published: July 2023

We study the delta-chain with spin-1 on basal sites and spin-

1
2

on apical sites. The Heisenberg interaction between neighbor basal spins is antiferromagnetic (AF) and the interaction between basal and apical spins is ferromagnetic (F). We show that the magnetization curve of this model is the same as that of the spin-

1
2

kagome-like chain with competing Heisenberg interactions. The ground state phase diagram of the latter as a function of the ratio between the AF and F interaction, α, consists of the ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and singlet phases. We study the magnetic properties in each ground state phase and analyze the magnetization curves. We show that there are magnetization plateaus and jumps in definite regions of value α. We compare the magnetic properties of considered models with those of the spin-

1
2

delta chain.
Diffusive spatial movement with memory in an advective environment
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Hao , Song Yongli , Wei Junjie
Published: July 2023

The movements of species in a river are driven by random diffusion, unidirectional water flow, and cognitive judgement with spatial memory. In this paper, we formulate a reaction–diffusion–advection model with memory-based diffusion and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The existence of a nonconstant positive steady state is proven. We obtain the linear stability of the steady state by analysing the eigenvalues of the associated linear operator: the nonconstant steady state can always be linearly stable regardless of the memory delay, while the model can also possess Hopf bifurcation as the memory delay varies. Moreover, theoretical and numerical results show that large advection annihilates oscillation patterns and drives the species to concentrate downstream.
Noise-induced dynamics and photon statistics in bimodal quantum-dot micropillar lasers
Authors: Guo Yanqiang , Zhang Jianfei , Guo Xiaomin , Reitzenstein Stephan , Xiao Liantuan
Published: July 2023

Emission characteristics of quantum-dot micropillar lasers (QDMLs) are located at the intersection of nanophotonics and nonlinear dynamics, which provides an ideal platform for studying the optical interface between classical and quantum systems. In this work, a noise-induced bimodal QDML with orthogonal dual-mode outputs is modeled, and nonlinear dynamics, stochastic mode jumping and quantum statistics with the variation of stochastic noise intensity are investigated. Noise-induced effects lead to the emergence of two intensity bifurcation points for the strong and the weak mode, and the maximum output power of the strong mode becomes larger as the noise intensity increases. The anti-correlation of the two modes reaches the maximum at the second intensity bifurcation point. The dual-mode stochastic jumping frequency and effective bandwidth can exceed 100 GHz and 30 GHz under the noise-induced effect. Moreover, the noise-induced photon correlations of both modes simultaneously exhibit super-thermal bunching effects (

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(
2
)

(
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2

) in the low injection current region. The

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(
2
)

(
0
)

-value of the strong mode can reach over 6 in the high injection current region. Photon bunching (

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(
2
)

(
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1

) of both modes is observed over a wide range of noise intensities and injection currents. In the presence of the noise-induced effect, the photon number distribution of the strong or the weak mode is a mixture of Bose–Einstein and Poisson distributions. As the noise intensity increases, the photon number distribution of the strong mode is dominated by the Bose–Einstein distribution, and the proportion of the Poisson distribution is increased in the high injection current region, while that of the weak mode is reduced. Our results contribute to the development preparation of super-bunching quantum integrated light sources for improving the spatiotemporal resolution of quantum sensing measurements and enhancing the security of optical communication.
Pseudanthia in angiosperms: a review
Authors: Baczyński Jakub , Claßen-Bockhoff Regine
Published: July 2023

Background

Pseudanthia or ‘false flowers’ are multiflowered units that resemble solitary flowers in form and function. Over the last century the term ‘pseudanthium’ has been applied to a wide array of morphologically divergent blossoms, ranging from those with easily noticeable florets to derived, reduced units in which individual flowers become almost indistinguishable. Although initially admired mostly by botanists, the diversity and widespread distribution of pseudanthia across angiosperms has already made them a fascinating topic for evolutionary and developmental comparative studies.

Scope

This review synthesizes historical and current concepts on the biology of pseudanthia. Our first aim is to establish a clear, operational definition of pseudanthium and disentangle common terminological misconceptions surrounding that term. Our second aim is to summarize knowledge of the morphological and developmental diversity of pseudanthia and embed it within a modern phylogenetic framework. Lastly, we want to provide a comprehensive overview on the evolution and ecological importance of pseudanthia and outline perspectives for future studies.

Conclusions

The understanding of pseudanthia has changed multiple times and reflects three different interpretations of their ‘flower-like’ qualities: developmental (similarity in structure), figural (similarity in form and function) and phylogenetic (homology between angiosperm flowers and monoecious reproductive shoots in gymnosperms). Here, we propose to narrow the term pseudanthium to multiflowered blossoms resembling zoophilous flowers in form, i.e. in being structurally subdivided in a showy periphery and a reproductive centre. According to this definition, pseudanthia sensu stricto evolved independently in at least 41 angiosperm families. The recurrent acquisition of pseudanthia sensu stricto in all major lineages of flowering plants indicates repeated interactions between developmental constraints (smallness of flowers, meristematic conditions) and selective pressures, such as demands of pollinators and/or environmental conditions.
Improved electrochemical properties of graphite electrodes incubated with iron powders in rice-paddy fields boost power outputs from microbial fuel cells
Authors: Harada Tomoka , Hasegawa Yuki , Jomori Shinji , Inohana Masachika , Uno Yuki , Kouzuma Atsushi , Watanabe Kazuya
Published: July 2023

Studies have shown that the supplementation of anode-surrounding soil with zero-valent iron (ZVI) boosts power outputs from rice paddy-field microbial fuel cells (RP-MFCs). In order to understand mechanisms by which ZVI boosts outputs from RP-MFCs, the present study operated RP-MFCs with and without ZVI, and compositions of anode-associated bacteria and electrochemical properties of graphite anodes were analyzed after 3-month operation. Metabarcoding using 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that bacterial compositions did not largely differ among these RP-MFCs. Cyclic voltammetry showed improved electrochemical properties of anodes recovered from ZVI-supplemented RP-MFCs, and this was attributed to the adhesion of iron-oxide films onto graphite surfaces. Bioelectrochemical devices equipped with graphite anodes recovered from ZVI-supplemented RP-MFCs generated higher currents than those with fresh graphite anodes. These results suggest that ZVI is oxidized to iron oxides in paddy-field soil and adheres onto graphite anodes, resulting in the boost of power outputs from RP-MFCs.
Risk of occurrence of electromagnetic interference from the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the sensing function of implantable defibrillators
Authors: Suhail Arain Saba , Cretnik Anja , Huemer Martin , Attanasio Philipp , Nagel Patrick , Landmesser Ulf , Hardt Juliane , Sidhu Kiran , Tscholl Verena , Roser Mattias
Published: July 2023

Background

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an established method for pain relief. But electrical TENS currents are also a source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Thus, TENS is considered to be contraindicated in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients. However, data might be outdated due to considerable advances in ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) filtering and noise protection algorithm technologies. The aim of this pilot safety study was to re-evaluate the safety of TENS in patients with modern ICDs.

Methods and results

One hundred and seven patients equipped with 55 different models of ICD/CRT with defibrillators from 4 manufacturers underwent a standardized test protocol including TENS at the cervical spine and the thorax, at 2 stimulation modes—high-frequency TENS (80 Hz) and burst-mode TENS (2 Hz). Potential interference monitoring included continuous documentation of ECG Lead II, intracardiac electrograms and the marker channel. Electromagnetic interference was detected in 17 of 107 patients (15.9%). Most frequent were: interpretations as a premature ventricular beats (VS/S) in 15 patients (14%), noise reversion in 5 (4.6%) which resulted in temporary asynchronous pacing in 3 (2.8%), interpretation as ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in 2 (1.9%), and premature atrial beat in 2 (1.9%) patients. Electromagnetic interference occurrence was influenced by position (chest, P < 0.01), higher current intensity (P < 0.01), and manufacturer (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Overall, only intermittent and minor EMI were detected. Prior to the use of TENS in patients with ICDs, they should undergo testing under the supervision of a cardiac device specialist.
NOTCH4 potentiates the IL-13 induced genetic program in M2 alternative macrophages through the AP1 and IRF4–JMJD3 axis
Authors: López-López Susana , Romero de Ávila María José , González-Gómez María Julia , Nueda María Luisa , Baladrón Victoriano , Monsalve Eva M , García-Ramírez José Javier , Díaz-Guerra María José M
Published: July 2023

IL-13 signaling polarizes macrophages to an M2 alternatively activated phenotype, which regulates tissue repair and anti-inflammatory responses. However, an excessive activation of this pathway leads to severe pathologies, such as allergic airway inflammation and asthma. In this work, we identified NOTCH4 receptor as an important modulator of M2 macrophage activation. We show that the expression of NOTCH4 is induced by IL-13, mediated by Janus kinases and AP1 activity, probably mediated by the IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate an important role for NOTCH4 signaling in the IL-13 induced gene expression program in macrophages, including various genes that contribute to pathogenesis of the airways in asthma, such as ARG1, YM1, CCL24, IL-10, or CD-163. We also demonstrate that NOTCH4 signaling modulates IL-13-induced gene expression by increasing IRF4 activity, mediated, at least in part, by the expression of the histone H3K27me3 demethylase JMJD3, and by increasing AP1-dependent transcription. In summary, our results provide evidence for an important role of NOTCH4 signaling in alternative activation of macrophages by IL-13 and suggest that NOTCH4 may contribute to the increased severity of lesions in M2 inflammatory responses, such as allergic asthma, which points to NOTCH4 as a potential new target for the treatment of these pathologies.
Transnational Market Navigation: Living and Consuming across Borders
Authors: Sharifonnasabi Zahra , Mimoun Laetitia , Bardhi Fleura
Published: July 2023

Prior research has investigated global mobility through the lenses of consumer acculturation, identity, and possessions with a focus on consumers’ socialization and identity management in the host consumer culture. It has neglected, however, the ways that globally mobile consumers simultaneously navigate the multiple, cross-border markets in which they are embedded. We adopt the social network perspective to investigate the transnational consumer lifestyles of people who live and consume simultaneously in two or more countries and sustain multiple relationships of a diverse nature (e.g., market, social, financial, professional) across borders. Through a qualitative study, we dimensionalize the transnational social space inhabited by transnational consumers and demonstrate how it shapes their consumption. We introduce the concept of transnational market navigation, defined as the process of strategically and pragmatically selecting and leveraging social networks to engage simultaneously with multiple cross-border markets. We identify three transnational market navigation strategies: clustering consumption, embracing commercial lock-ins, and developing cluster-based competency. By mobilizing a network perspective to examine consumption in global mobility, we show that globally mobile consumers are also motivated by ways of being (the actual social and commercial relationships and consumption practices with which consumers engage), in addition to the identities associated with their consumption.
High-sensitivity H i mapping of NGC 4449 with FAST
Authors: Ai Mei , Zhu Ming , Xu Jin-long , Wang Jie , Jing Ying-jie , Yu Hai-yang , Jiang Peng
Published: July 2023

We present the results of our new H i observations for the nearby galaxy NGC 4449 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). More diffuse H i gas was detected by FAST compared with previous studies. The measured extent of H i gas is more than ∼19 arcmin (20 kpc) larger than that in the Very Large Array map, and the H i gas disc is ∼22 times the optical diameter of NGC 4449. The total H i mass detected for NGC 4449 is 3.07 $\times 10^9\, \rm M_{\odot }$, which is in agreement with that detected by the Effelsberg telescope. We found one H i cloud from the channel map that is in superposition with the optical dwarf galaxy NGC 4449B. This cloud is slightly offset from the NGC 4449B disc, suggesting that it could be gas stripped from NGC 4449B’s optical body when it was disrupted and pulled into the nuclear region of NGC 4449. We also find a region in the outer part of the H i envelope with a peculiar velocity field and double-peaked spectral profiles, whose velocity distribution is consistent with the nearby companion dwarf galaxy DDO 125. This implies that NGC 4449 may have stripped gas out of DDO 125. We suggest that the irregularity of NGC 4449’s huge H i gas halo might originate from interactions with NGC 4449B and DDO 125.
Magnetically threaded thin discs in the presence of the quadrupole magnetic field
Authors: Çıkıntoğlu Sercan
Published: July 2023

Neutron stars might have multipole magnetic fields as implied by recent observations of pulsars. The presence of the quadrupole field might have an effect on the interaction between the disc and the neutron star depending on the location of the inner radius of the disc, and the strength of the quadrupole field. For a quadrudipole stellar field, we calculate the toroidal field generated within the disc, the magnetospheric radius, and the torque exerted on to the star. Also, we deduce the effect of the rotation of the star on the magnetospheric radius which is relevant even for pure dipole magnetic fields.
New estimation of the nuclear de-excitation line emission from the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A
Authors: Liu Bing , Yang Rui-zhi , He Xin-yu , Aharonian Felix
Published: July 2023

MeV nuclear de-excitation lines serve as a unique tool to study low-energy cosmic rays (CRs), containing both spectral and elemental information of the interacting material. In this paper, we estimated the possible nuclear de-excitation lines from the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. Given different CR spectral shapes and interacting materials, we found the predicted fluxes of strong narrow line emissions from the remnant are highly model-dependent, ranging from about $1\times 10^{-10}\, {\rm \, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ to $1\times 10^{-6}\, {\rm \, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ for the 4.44 MeV narrow line and from about $4\times 10^{-11}\, {\rm \, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ to $2\times 10^{-7}{\rm \, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ for the 6.13 MeV narrow line, respectively. Based on the new estimation, we also discussed the detection probability of these line emissions against the MeV diffuse Galactic background under different assumptions of instrument response functions.
Type Ia supernova constraints on compact object dark matter
Authors: Dhawan S , Mörstell E
Published: July 2023

The nature of dark matter (DM) is a central question in cosmology today. While elementary particles could explain DM, compact astrophysical objects such as black holes formed in the early Universe offer a theoretically appealing alternate route. Here, we constrain the fraction of DM that can be made up of primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses $M \gtrsim 0.01\, {\rm M}_\odot$, with Type Ia supernovae. Utilizing the Dyer–Roeder distance relation, we find a maximum fractional amount of DM in compact objects (fp) of 0.50 at 95 per cent confidence level (C.L.), in the flat Lambda cold dark matter model and 0.49 when marginalizing over a constant dark energy equation of state or spatial curvature, demonstrating robustness to the cosmological model. With a prior on the homogeneity parameter, η, including values >1, we derive η = 1.08 ± 0.17, hence, fp < 0.32 at 95 per cent C.L., showing that the prior assumption of η ≤ 1 gives a conservative upper limit on fp. The Hubble constant we infer is consistent with the homogeneous case, showing that inhomogeneities like compact DM cannot account for the observed Hubble tension. In conclusion, we can exclude stellar masses PBHs as comprising all of the observed DM.
Potential tertiary effects on the LISA verification binary HM Cancri
Authors: Seto Naoki
Published: July 2023

Two groups recently analysed the long-term orbital evolution of HM Cancri, which is one of the most important verification binaries for the space gravitational wave detector LISA. By using the reported first and second derivatives of its orbital frequency f, we discuss potential tertiary effects on this binary. We found that, in contrast to the first derivative $\dot{f}$, the second derivative $\ddot{f}$ might be strongly affected by a dark tertiary component such as an old white dwarf with an outer orbital period of ∼250 yr.