bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors Leading to Good or Poor Outcomes Based on Functional and Radiological Findings After a Rotator Cuff Retear
Authors: Kim Gotak , Kim Segi , Lee Younghun , Jang Inseok , Kim Jae Hwa
Published: October 2022

Background:

A retear after rotator cuff repair is a common problem; however, there is little information related to the prognosis after a retear. In addition, some patients with retears have satisfactory outcomes, which raises the question of whether a retear leads to a poor prognosis.

Purpose:

To identify radiological factors that influence the prognosis after a retear.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 51 patients with retears confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they achieved the minimal clinically important difference for clinical outcome measures. Range of motion and radiological variables, including preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) tear sizes, sagittal extent of the retear, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and degree of fatty degeneration, were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Overall, 36 patients were allocated to the good prognosis (GP) group and 15 to the poor prognosis (PP) group. The 2 groups had no significant differences in baseline demographics and preoperative radiological parameters. Postoperative range of motion was decreased in the PP group at the last follow-up. The AP and ML retear sizes decreased in both groups after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, but the retear size was significantly larger in the PP group (both P < .05). The AHD increased in the GP group ( P < .001) but decreased in the PP group ( P = .230) postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative AHD ( P = .003), fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus tendon ( P = .001), posterior ( P = .007) and anterior ( P = .025) sagittal extent of the retear, and change in the AP tear size ( P = .017) were related to poor outcomes after a retear. However, change in the ML tear size ( P = .105) and middle sagittal extent of the retear ( P = .878) were not related to a poor prognosis. Also, further analysis showed that posterior ( P = .006) and anterior ( P = .003) sagittal extent of the retear were related to rotator cable involvement.

Conclusion:

An increased AP retear size and decreased AHD were radiological parameters that were associated with poor clinical outcomes after a retear. In particular, patients who had posterior and anterior sagittal extent of the retear, possibly with rotator cable involvement and more severe fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus tendon, showed worse outcomes.
Organic waste valorization in remote islands: Analysis of economic and environmental benefits of onsite treatment options
Authors: Castellani Pietro , Ferronato Navarro , Ragazzi Marco , Torretta Vincenzo
Published: October 2022

Solid waste management (SWM) represents an important issue for small islands. This research evaluates the municipal SWM system of the Pelagian archipelago, in Italy. The research aims to evaluate environmental and econoemic benefits of onsite treatment plants for the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The sizing of the anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting plant was developed, and the characteristics of the plant were used to conduct a cost analysis and an environmental life cycle assessment. The current waste management system (S0) has been compared with the new strategy proposed (S1). Results showed that S1 leads to save more than 250,000 € y−1 due to the avoidance of organic waste final disposal and shipping, determining a payback time of about 7 years. Environmental benefits include a lowering of CO2-eq emission of more than 1100 tonnes per year and a reduction of all the six environmental impacts analysed. The outcomes represent a novel contribution to the scientific literature since the research provides the first comparison of quantitative data about environmental and cost benefits of onsite AD plants in small islands. The research underlines that onsite waste treatment systems are viable options to improve SWM systems in isolated regions.
A Novel Laser Angle Selection System for Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Biopsies
Authors: Xu Huiting , Zhao Yanjun , Yuan Jiaqi , Li Wei , Ni Jianming
Published: October 2022

Purpose: To evaluate a novel laser angle selection system (LASS) for improving the efficiency of a computed tomography (CT)–guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB). Methods: Thirty-eight patients referred for CT-guided PTNB were randomly separated into a LASS-assisted puncture group (18 patients) or conventional freehand control group (20 patients). The puncture time, number of control CT scans, and patients’ radiation dose were compared for each group. Results: The lesion size, target-to-pleural distance, planned puncture depth, and angle of the two groups were not significantly different. LASS-assisted PTNB significantly reduced the number of control scans (1.7 ± 0.8 vs 3.5 ± 1.5, P < .001) and the mean operation time (12.0 ± 4.3 min vs 28.8 ± 13.3 min, P < .001) compared with the conventional method. The corresponding room time (27.1 ± 6.6 min vs 44.1 ± 14.4 min, P < .001) and total radiation dose (7.9 ± 1.0 mSv vs 10.1 ± 1.7 mSv, P < .001) of each procedure also decreased significantly. Fifty-six percent (10/18) of the operations hit the target on the first needle pass when using LASS compared with 10% (2/20) using the conventional method. Conclusions: Compared with a conventional method, this novel laser angle simulator improves puncture efficiency with fewer needle readjustments and reduces patient radiation dose.
Fresh Produce Delivery to Middle School Youth: Outcomes of a Case Study in Providing Fresh Fruit and Vegetables to Underserved Youth
Authors: Lightner Joseph S , Grimes Amanda , Rhone Janet , Martin Kael , Moss Justin , Wray Bridget , Eighmy Katlyn , Valleroy Ella , Baughn Maya
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a weekly school-based fruit and vegetable delivery via a mobile market on urban middle schoolers’ nutrition behaviors.

Design

One-group, pretest-posttest design, quasi-experimental intervention in middle schoolers (6th-8th graders, N = 158) in Kansas City, MO

Intervention

Weekly delivery of free produce via a mobile market over 12 weeks.

Measures

A self-administered survey to assess self-report consumption of fruits, vegetables, soda, and sports drinks.

Analysis

Univariate and bivariate analyses were used. Proportions were compared and chi-square tests were conducted to compare youth at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results

More youth reported consuming fresh fruit (73.8% to 83.3%; χ2 = 7.76, P = .005) and vegetables (66.4% to 71.3%; χ2 = 13.55, P = <.001) from baseline to follow-up. Less youth reported soda (49.0% to 52.8%; χ2= 6.33, P = .012) and sports drinks (41.8% to 38.2%; χ2= 12.32, P < .001) from baseline to follow-up.

Conclusions

A mobile produce delivery intervention, like the Healthy Harvest Mobile Market, may be an effective strategy to increase fruit and vegetable consumption for adolescents.
Nonprofit Organizations and the Evaluation of Social Impact: A Research Program to Advance Theory and Practice
Authors: Benjamin Lehn M. , Ebrahim Alnoor , Gugerty Mary Kay
Published: October 2022

This article proposes a research program with two goals: (a) to support nonprofit leaders to productively engage evaluation and (b) to advance a meso-level theory of nonprofit evaluation that recognizes the diverse ways nonprofits contribute to social change. Such a research program is timely, as evaluation becomes increasingly institutionalized in the sector in ways that constrain nonprofit leaders from engaging productively with evaluation to advance their social impact. This research program brings existing nonprofit scholarship into conversation with evaluation scholarship and puts forward a research agenda organized around the practical dilemmas facing nonprofit leaders as they answer four key evaluation questions: what to evaluate, for what purpose, using which criteria, and with what evidence and methods. By anchoring a research program around these four questions, we seek to reopen the possibilities for how scholars can support nonprofit leaders in engaging evaluation to enhance their social impact.
A newly developed image fusion algorithm between CECT image and CT image: A feasibility study
Authors: Wang Zi , Lv Yinzhang , He Shaowen , Zhao Zhuo , Wang Nan
Published: October 2022

Cancer cases have been on the rise over the world. Cancer treatment can benefit from an early accurate diagnosis. Percutaneous needle biopsy under the guidance of CT images is the most common method to obtain tumor samples for accurate diagnosis. However, due to the lack of vascular information in the CT images, the biopsy procedure is at great risk, especially for the tumor surrounded by vessels. In this study, a biomechanical model and surface elastic registration-based fusion algorithm were developed to map the vessels from contrast-enhanced CT images of the liver and lung to the corresponded CT image. Radiologists could observe vessels in the CT images during the biopsy procedure so that the risk can be decreased. The developed algorithm was tested through 20 groups of lung data and 16 groups of liver data. The results show that the fusion errors (mean ± standard deviation) were 2.35 ± 0.85, 2.08 ± 0.41, 2.31 ± 0.49, and 2.37 ± 0.62 mm for portal vein, hepatic vein, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein, respectively. The accuracy of this method was satisfied in clinical application
Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders
Authors: Klopsch Christian , Yde Jacob C , Matthews John A , Vater Amber E , Gillespie Mark AK
Published: October 2022

Glacier forelands provide important sites to study climate-forced ecological succession because a chronosequence is apparent along a single valley. However, most studies of invertebrate succession in forelands provide a single snapshot of community assemblage patterns. With glaciers retreating rapidly worldwide, it is important to begin re-surveying community composition and assessing changes in relation to new terrain revealed by the retreating ice. In this study, we repeat a survey of spiders and beetles along the glacier foreland of the sub-alpine glacier Austerdalsbreen in western Norway, 15 years after an initial assessment in 2004, during which time the glacier has retreated 400 m. Invertebrates were sampled in 18 sites that represent a terrain age gradient of approximately 10–250 years since glacier recession. Forty spider species and 70 beetle species were identified, constituting the richest record in Nordic glacier forelands for these two taxonomic groups. Furthermore, three distinctive stages of succession were determined using TWINSPAN and NMDS: (1) a pioneer colonizer stage; (2) an intermediate successional stage; and (3) two late colonizer stages. Additionally, a species group of omnipresent species was identified. The transition from pioneer stage to early succession was characterized by a high degree of taxonomic replacement. Compared to the findings in 2004, we found that the composition of species groups on relatively old terrain is becoming more similar, while the differences between the species groups on the younger terrain are widening. This discrepancy is discussed in relation to climate warming, which potentially facilitates faster establishment of vegetation and early successional invertebrates and may therefore increase competition stress for cold-adapted pioneer species.
Holocene insect pioneer colonization of post-glacial dune sands exemplified by tiger beetle burrows
Authors: Hsieh Shannon , Łaska Weronika , Ninard Krzysztof , Uchman Alfred
Published: October 2022

Many ecosystems today in temperate zones are the result of colonization of barren substrates deposited or exposed as a result of deglaciation, around the start of the Holocene. Direct evidence of post-glacial colonization, in the form of life traces such as tracks and burrows, is typically rare and erased by later succession unless buried deeply within a short time interval, as is possible in dune sands. Tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are an example of early successional tracemaking colonists widely distributed in open habitats worldwide and are well known from coastal and inland dunes in Europe today. Coastal dunes at the Vistula Spit in Poland, dating back to the time of post-glacial stabilization of modern Baltic Sea levels, contain buried long, narrow, subfossil burrows, which are variable in shape. Some of them resemble linear or J-shaped burrows made by living cicindelids both in situ in exposed drift sands within the inland European Sand Belt and in laboratory settings after being wild-caught. A new locality for the modern Viennese tiger beetle Cylindera ( Cicindela) arenaria viennensis, Schrank, 1781, whose larval burrowing was examined for reference, is reported at Mnin in the Przedbórz Upland, Poland, where there was a suitable substrate made up of aeolian sand deposited earlier in the Holocene but opened up by mining. The subfossil burrows at the Vistula Spit, if they were made by cicindelids and other early successional species, could represent similar colonization of comparable pioneer habitats dating back millennia when those coastal dunes were young. Although the body fossil record of tiger beetles is very poor, ichnological evidence of their potential presence may be useful for inferring their biogeographical history, complementing prior knowledge from modern distributions or phylogenetic histories.
Combined high and low cycle fatigue life prediction model based on damage curve method considering loading interaction effect
Authors: Hou Jun , Wang Xiaowei , Guo Hui , Wang Yansong , Li Fangjie , Shen Qin
Published: October 2022

Through analyzing the characteristics of the Miner’s rule and the Manson-Halford (M-H) model, a nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model is established based on the damage curve method under combined high and low cycle fatigue loading. In this model, an interaction factor related to the maximum stress and high cycle stress range is proposed to consider the loading interaction effect. Furthermore, the proposed model does not require any additional material parameters except for the S-N curve parameters. The experimental data of five materials, including TC11 alloy, 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, 45 steel, LY12-CZ aluminum alloy, and GH4033 Ni-based alloy, are introduced to verify the proposed model. Compared with the Miner’s rule and the M-H model, most of the prediction results by the proposed model are within the life factor range of 2, implying the established model has higher prediction accuracy.
The politics of tending to the body: Women doing yoga in Genoa (Italy)
Authors: Mangiarotti Emanuela
Published: October 2022

Against a background of neoliberal precarity, the yoga industry promotes a practice experienced by, and inscribed on, the body that is meant to transcend physiological boundaries and expand individual and collective awareness. In this context, research on contemporary yoga has shed light on how women, and specific notions of womanhood, are key to a promise of wellness, healing, and self-realisation that is materialised by White, monied, slender female practitioners as embodiments of the proper way of undertaking self-care. The yoga industry, thus, participates in a politics of the body, embedded in the intricate structures of the current neoliberal politico-economic regime. Based on these observations, this article sets out to interrogate how the yoga industry’s mandate of tending to the body enters the way female teachers and practitioners navigate, experience, and express their journey into yoga. By analysing selected interviews conducted with women yoga instructors and practitioners in the city of Genoa, the article examines how they frame yoga as a way of caring for the self while navigating personal issues and bodily ailments. As a path of self-scrutiny and self-realisation, yoga is talked about as providing some relief from life’s predicaments and embodied vulnerabilities while also accommodating gender normativity. The article develops a critique of the problematic appropriation of self-care by the yoga industry’s mainstream cultural repertoires as a sociologically neutral individual response to living with neoliberal precarity. The article contends that feminist politics of care provide a framework to re-inscribe yogic self-care within a broader process of collectively subverting neoliberal injunctions about tending to the body.
Polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis: A population-based study
Authors: Chertcoff Anibal , Ng Huah Shin , Zhu Feng , Zhao Yinshan , Tremlett Helen
Published: October 2022

Background:

Little is known about polypharmacy and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives:

To estimate polypharmacy prevalence in a population-based MS cohort and compare persons with/without polypharmacy.

Methods:

Using administrative and pharmacy data from Canada, we estimated polypharmacy prevalence (⩾5 concurrent medications for >30 consecutive days) in MS individuals in 2017. We compared the characteristics of persons with/without polypharmacy and described the number of polypharmacy days, the most common medication classes contributing to polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy prevalence (⩾10 medications).

Results:

Of 14,227 included individuals (75% women), mean age = 55.4 (standard deviation (SD): 13.2) years; 28% ( n = 3995) met criteria for polypharmacy (median polypharmacy days = 273 (interquartile range (IQR): 120–345)). Odds of polypharmacy were higher for women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.14; 95% confidence intervals (CI):1.04–1.25), older individuals (aORs 50–64 years = 2.04; 95% CI:1.84–2.26; ⩾65 years = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.92–3.63 vs. <50 years), those with more comorbidities (e.g. ⩾3 vs. none, aOR = 6.03; 95% CI: 5.05–7.22) and lower socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g. most (SES-Q1) vs. least deprived (SES-Q5) aOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.44–1.86). Medication classes most commonly contributing to polypharmacy were as follows: antidepressants (66% of polypharmacy days), antiepileptics (47%), and peptic ulcer drugs (41%). Antidepressants were most frequently co-prescribed with antiepileptics (34% of polypharmacy days) and peptic ulcer drugs (27%). Five percent of persons (716/14,227) experienced hyper-polypharmacy.

Conclusion:

More than one in four MS persons met criteria for polypharmacy. The odds of polypharmacy were higher for women, older persons, and those with more comorbidities, but lower SES.
Psychosis and psychedelics: Historical entanglements and contemporary contrasts
Authors: Friesen Phoebe
Published: October 2022

Experiences of psychedelics and psychosis were deeply entangled in scientific practices in the mid-20th century, from uses of psychedelic drugs that could model psychosis, to detailed phenomenological comparisons of endogenous and drug-induced madness. After the moral panic of the 1960s shut down psychedelic research, however, these two phenomena became disentangled. In the decades following, the science of psychosis transformed, shedding the language of psychoanalysis, and adopting the new scientific veneer of psychiatry. Today, as psychedelic science re-emerges, the research programs surrounding psychosis and psychedelics now stand in stark contrast. Here, I look closely at how these research programs respond to questions related to what is worth measuring, what is worth investigating, and how we ought to respond to these experiences. This comparison reveals radically different assumptions and values that guide each research paradigm and shape clinical practice. While psychedelic research often includes scales that seek to capture experiences of mysticism, meaningfulness, and ego dissolution, research related to psychosis focuses on the measurement of pathological symptoms and functioning. Research into psychosis primarily seeks universal and reductionist causal explanations and interventions, while psychedelic research embraces the importance of set and setting in shaping unique experiences. Responses to psychedelic crisis involve warmth, compassion, and support, while responses to psychotic experiences often involve restraint, seclusion, and weapons. I argue that these differences contain important lessons for psychiatry. However, as psychedelic research struggles to meet regulatory requirements and fit within the paradigm of evidence-based medicine, these differences may quickly dissolve.
The lived experience of healthcare workers in quarantine: Findings of a systematic review, meta-synthesis and meta-summary
Authors: Bressan Valentina , Danielis Matteo , Caruzzo Davide , Mansutti Irene , Moreale Renzo , Longhini Jessica , Palese Alvisa
Published: October 2022

Aims:

In pandemics, infection exposure and quarantine represent critical occupational risks for healthcare workers (HCWs). However, while the psychological consequences of HCWs’ quarantine have been reviewed, other potential implications of quarantine on HCWs, such as those that are work-, professional-, social- and private-related, have not been summarised to date. Summarising quarantined HCWs’ experiences in the current and past pandemics, as investigated with qualitative studies, might improve awareness of their needs, concerns, and the consequences of quarantine on their personal lives. Therefore, the lived experience of quarantined HCWs was reviewed and subjected to meta-synthesis and -summary.

Methods:

A systematic review of qualitative studies followed by a meta-synthesis and -summary allowing an interpretative integration of the findings of qualitative studies, was performed. PubMed, CINHAL and Scopus databases were explored up to 31 January, 2021, without any limitation in time. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Methods and findings are reported according to the Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statement.

Results:

A total of 635 records were retrieved and five studies were included. Overall, five themes summarised the lived experience of quarantined HCWs: 1) Being emotionally challenged; 2) Living the quarantine limitations; 3) Losing freedom; 4) Accepting the quarantine; and 5) Staying away from me. The most frequent categories across studies were ‘Feeling stressed’ and ‘Being constrained’ (both 100%). The least frequent were ‘Feeling sad’ (20%), ‘Enjoying my family’ (20%) and ‘Being refused as a family member’ (20%).

Conclusions:

The lived experience of HCWs is multidimensional, the implications of which also affect private spheres of life: the immediate family and wider relatives. Understanding and learning from HCWs’ lived experiences might support policymakers, public health authorities and managers with the goal of maintaining the highest physical and mental health of staff during outbreaks. Timely services supporting HCWs, both during and after episode(s) of quarantine, are suggested to prevent additional burdens on frontline professionals.
Online intervention to prevent postnatal depression and anxiety in Chilean new mothers: Protocol for a feasibility trial
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Aldoney Daniela , García María I , Olhaberry Marcia , Fernández Olga , Alamo Nicolle , Franco Pamela , Pérez Francisca , Fisher Jane , Rowe Heather , Coo Soledad
Published: October 2022

Symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety in new mothers are prevalent and negatively impact maternal emotional wellbeing and infant development. Barriers to accessing treatment prevent women from receiving mental health care, a situation that has worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. mHealth interventions hold the potential to support women during the transition to parenthood despite these barriers and to promote the use of preventive interventions. This study uses a mixed methods design to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a psychoeducational, guided mHealth intervention to prevent postpartum mental health difficulties in women who receive care in primary health centers in Chile. The study will contribute to evidence-based research on the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for new mothers from an understudied cultural background. The findings will also enable the development of a larger randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, which, if effective, could significantly contribute to the emotional wellbeing of women and their families.
‘A sense of community and camaraderie’: Increasing student engagement by supplementing an LMS with a Learning Commons Communication Tool
Authors: Kahu Ella R , Thomas Heather G , Heinrich Eva
Published: October 2022

Whether by choice or pushed online by Covid, higher education is increasingly happening in digital spaces with digital tools forming a critical part of learning and teaching contexts. While reviews suggest such tools positively influence student engagement, research tends to be generic and more is needed to understand how and why specific tools can influence student engagement, learning, and success. Relationships are a key influence on student engagement and online students often feel disconnected and isolated; tools which increase interaction and communication with staff and among students are therefore important. This qualitative study examined how two specific tools, Discord and Teams, work in conjunction with an LMS to benefit student engagement and learning. Nineteen students were interviewed, and the data thematically analysed. Findings show the tools facilitated communication, helped build relationships and communities, encouraged help-seeking within the course and, with Discord, with the wider disciplinary community. These usages led to improved belonging, wellbeing, engagement, and learning. The perceived norms of the digital spaces were an important influence on student tool usage. A key contribution of this research is defining a new tool categorisation, Learning Commons Communication Tools (LCCT), which better describes the informal and organic spaces created by such tools.
University-based sport and social clubs and their contribution to the development of graduate attributes
Authors: Foley Carmel , Darcy Simon , Hergesell Anja , Almond Barbara , McDonald Matthew , Brett Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

An important measure of the success of a tertiary education programme is the attributes that graduates possess at the completion of their studies. Universities have sought to address this issue by developing formal curriculum and programmes such as internships and work-integrated learning. However, little is known about how university-based extracurricular activities contribute to graduate attributes. The purpose of this study is to explore participation in extracurricular activities from a student perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 student leaders of university-based sporting, social and academic clubs. Data collection and analysis were guided by a qualitative approach to thematic analysis. The findings indicate that students developed a range of graduate attributes in areas such as such as leadership, teamwork, communication and resilience. The theory, communities of practice, is used to interpret the participants’ experiences which was found to coalesce around their social interactions and relations. The study concludes with several recommendations for universities to create greater opportunities for their students to participate in extracurricular activities.
Compressing and interpreting word embeddings with latent space regularization and interactive semantics probing
Authors: Li Haoyu , Wang Junpeng , Zheng Yan , Wang Liang , Zhang Wei , Shen Han-Wei
Published: October 2022

Word embedding, a high-dimensional (HD) numerical representation of words generated by machine learning models, has been used for different natural language processing tasks, for example, translation between two languages. Recently, there has been an increasing trend of transforming the HD embeddings into a latent space (e.g. via autoencoders) for further tasks, exploiting various merits the latent representations could bring. To preserve the embeddings’ quality, these works often map the embeddings into an even higher-dimensional latent space, making the already complicated embeddings even less interpretable and consuming more storage space. In this work, we borrow the idea of [Formula: see text] VAE to regularize the HD latent space. Our regularization implicitly condenses information from the HD latent space into a much lower-dimensional space, thus compressing the embeddings. We also show that each dimension of our regularized latent space is more semantically salient, and validate our assertion by interactively probing the encoding-level of user-proposed semantics in the dimensions. To the end, we design a visual analytics system to monitor the regularization process, explore the HD latent space, and interpret latent dimensions’ semantics. We validate the effectiveness of our embedding regularization and interpretation approach through both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Daily and Momentary Variability in Sleep, Stress, and Well-being Data in Two Samples of Health Care Workers
Authors: Lee Soomi , Mu Christina X. , Joshi Rhitik , Khan Arooj
Published: October 2022

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can capture how sleep, stress, and well-being are related within individuals. However, the use of EMA involves participant burden, which may be a major barrier when studying at-risk populations like frontline workers. To guide future research interested in using EMA, this study examined variance components in sleep, stress, and well-being variables collected from health care workers. Two samples of hospital nurses (60 inpatient, 84 outpatient) responded to 2-week smartphone-based EMA. Adherence to the EMA protocol was good in both samples. Results from intraclass correlations showed more momentary variability in stressors and uplifts, more daily variability in sleep, fatigue, and physical symptoms, and more between-person variability in affect, rumination, and work quality. Across the variables, however, there was substantial within-person variability. Variance components were relatively consistent between workdays and non-workdays and between week 1 and week 2. Some nuanced between-sample differences were noted.
Sustained Citizen Science From Research to Solutions: A New Impact Model for the Social Sciences
Authors: Mintchev Nikolay , Daher Mariam , Jallad Mayssa , Pietrostefani Elisabetta , Moore Henrietta L , Ghamrawi Ghadir , Al Harrache Assia , Majed Amanie , Younes Yara
Published: October 2022

Participatory research offers a valuable opportunity for collaboration between universities and citizens. It allows people with diverse educational and professional trajectories outside of academia to become partners in the research process, leading to multiple positive outcomes such as enhanced capacity building, contextually sensitive research design, and effective dissemination of findings. The chain of activities in the standard version of participatory research, however, stops short of developing solutions for improved quality of life, without making clear how enhanced capacities or locally embedded research findings will translate into tangible change for the communities where the research takes place. This shortcoming, we claim, is linked to the relatively short-term nature of most participatory research, as well as the scarcity of institutional structures and funding schemes to support the development of community-led solutions in the long run. The present article demonstrates that another model of research is both possible and desirable. It does this by presenting the outcomes of a sustained, long-term collaboration between university researchers and citizen social scientists in Beirut, Lebanon. The sustained nature of this work – running for over 3 years at the time of writing – has enabled our team to roll out a substantial programme of qualitative and quantitative data collection on prosperity and quality of life, and to subsequently use the findings and experience gained to create a set of interventions that address pressing challenges. We specifically argue that sustained, open-ended work on multiple activities – from research design and data collection, to data analysis, design of interventions and more – leads to accumulation of skills and experiences within the team, which can then be channelled towards implementing high quality interventions. This new model of impact for social science research prioritises partnership between universities and citizens, while highlighting the potential of such partnership to lead to solutions that make a real difference.
Tidal bore impact pressures on a trestle pier in the Qiantang River Estuary, China
Authors: Li Ying , Pan Dongzi
Published: October 2022

Tidal bores are natural phenomena resulting from the nonlinear distortion of tidal waves and propagate upstream with the incoming tide. The Qiantang River tidal bore is world-famous for its great momentum which can occasionally inflict major damage to infrastructures in the Qiantang River Estuary, China. Existing design guidelines are not fit for accurately estimating the tidal bore loads on elevated structures. This study investigated the impact of tidal bores on the trestle piers of a river-crossing bridge using field tests. Based on the measured data, empirical formulas for the maximum impact pressure in four zones across the trestle were derived, and the influence of the Froude number on the peak pressure was determined. Results show that the peak pressure of the instantaneous impulsive state of the bore can exceed the pressure of the quasi-steady state 10-fold. The maximum dynamic impact pressure on the seaward side of the pier occurs at the base of the bore. The peak dynamic pressure accounts for 54%, 45%, and 20% of the total pressure for Froude numbers of 1.26, 1.12, and 1.04, respectively. The results of this study can serve as valuable references for the load design of structures against tidal bores and tsunami-like waves.
Why is collective leadership so elusive?
Authors: Edwards Gareth , Bolden Richard
Published: October 2022

This ‘Leading Questions’ thought piece explores the elusive nature of collective leadership. We use our previous experiences to explore issues that tend to go unnoticed and unreported within the academic analysis of collective forms of leadership, including (1) the motives of those commissioning and conducting applied research to ‘make a difference’ through collective forms of leadership; (2) the performative effects of how ‘collective leadership’ is framed; and (3) the extent to which ambiguity around the nature of collective leadership makes it a powerful ‘empty signifier’ for holding incompatible and inconsistent conceptions and ideologies. Such issues, we suggest, are inherent features of the landscape of collective leadership theory, policy and practice and have important implications for scholars, practitioners and developers.
What drives journalists’ perceptions of media powers as political image-makers in the emerging democracy of Indonesia?
Authors: Ahmad Nyarwi
Published: October 2022

This work explores what drives Indonesian journalists’ perceptions of media powers as political image-makers. The findings indicate that the following structural factors determined their perceptions: the journalists’ willingness to adopt the news media logic, journalists’ conceptions of the media as primary sources of political information and media and journalist independencies. The effects of these factors on journalists’ perceptions are defined by the types of media content, platform and media ownership with which they are associated and also the journalists’ age, gender, education level and position in the media organisation.
Reckoning With Our Crisis: An Agenda for the Field of Social and Personality Psychology
Authors: Schiavone Sarah R. , Vazire Simine
Published: October 2022

The replication crisis and credibility revolution in the 2010s brought a wave of doubts about the credibility of social and personality psychology. We argue that as a field, we must reckon with the concerns brought to light during this critical decade. How the field responds to this crisis will reveal our commitment to self-correction. If we do not take the steps necessary to address our problems and simply declare the crisis to be over or the problems to be fixed without evidence, we risk further undermining our credibility. To fully reckon with this crisis, we must empirically assess the state of the field to take stock of how credible our science actually is and whether it is improving. We propose an agenda for metascientific research, and we review approaches to empirically evaluate and track where we are as a field (e.g., analyzing the published literature, surveying researchers). We describe one such project (Surveying the Past and Present State of Published Studies in Social and Personality Psychology) underway in our research group. Empirical evidence about the state of our field is necessary if we are to take self-correction seriously and if we hope to avert future crises.
Media-Induced War Trauma Amid Conflicts in Ukraine
Authors: Su Zhaohui , McDonnell Dean , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Bentley Barry L. , Ahmad Junaid , Šegalo Sabina , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: October 2022

War could be traumatic. War trauma could often lead to severe and sustained health consequences on people’s physical and psychological health. War trauma is often prevalent in people who either participated in the war or lived near conflict zones, such as military professionals, refugees, and health workers. Advances in information and communication technologies, such as the speed, scale, and scope at which people worldwide could be exposed to the near-time happenings of the war, mean that an unprecedented number of people could face media-induced war trauma. Different from war experienced in person, which could be limited in scope and intensity, media-induced war trauma can be substantially more extensive and comprehensive—news reports on the war often cover all aspects and angles possible, possibly paired with disturbing, if not demoralizing, images, repeatedly 24/7. Although media-induced war trauma could have a profound influence on people’s mental health, particularly factoring in the compounding challenges caused by the pandemic, there is a dearth of research in the literature. To shed light on this issue, in this article, we aim to examine the implications of media-induced war trauma on people’s health and well-being. Furthermore, we discuss the duties and responsibilities of the media industry amid and beyond the current conflicts in Ukraine.
The role of attention in status quo bias
Authors: Miceli Anthony C , Suri Gaurav R
Published: October 2022

In many decision-making contexts, people often persist with their previous selections. This predisposition to choose to maintain a current (or previous) choice is referred to as the status quo bias (SQB). In this work, we propose that increased attention towards the status quo option—enabled by its visual salience—is a previously underappreciated driver of SQB. We base this hypothesis on three propositions: (1) the status quo bias option is often more visually salient relative to the non-status quo options on offer, (2) greater visual salience of an option biases attention towards that option, and (3) increased attention towards an option leads to that option being selected at greater rates. We examined the attention hypothesis among 6,854 participants in four studies. Studies 1 and 2 showed that increasing the visual salience of a non-status quo option (i.e., the type of visual salience often garnered by the status quo option) increased the selection rate of that option. Study 3 directly tested the hypothesis by lessening the visual salience of the status quo option. Doing so eliminated SQB. Study 4 replicated and extended the findings of Study 3 in a real-world decision context. Collectively, these studies suggest that the selection of the status quo may often be related to its salience relative to other available options.
A literature overview of modern biomechanical-based technologies for bike-fitting professionals and coaches
Authors: Millour Geoffrey , Velásquez Andrés Torres , Domingue Frédéric
Published: October 2022

The optimization of cycling position is essential to improve performance and prevent overuse injuries. Bike-fitting methods, based on biomechanical variables, have been proposed in the scientific literature. To facilitate and generalize their use, the bike-fitting industry has developed various technologies to study and analyze the cycling position. The vast majority of bike-fitting protocols are based on joint kinematics, which can be evaluated in laboratory with two- or three-dimensional motion analysis systems. Joint kinematics can also be assessed in outdoor conditions with inertial measurement units, but currently, these tools provide a limited number of variables compared to laboratory systems. In addition, the bike-fitting professional can analyse pedalling technique with pedal forces to understand the effects of the bike adjustments on pedalling effectiveness. To complete the biomechanical evaluation, pressure mapping sensors allow for the measurement of the pressure load and distribution on the interfaces between the cyclist and the bicycle to detect imbalances and choose bike components (e.g., saddle). To go further in the analysis, muscular activity can be assessed with surface electromyography sensors to detect imbalances or asymmetry. The aim of this literature overview is to clearly define the role of these technologies in a bike-fitting protocol and identify their characteristics and limitations while proposing perspectives for future developments. Therefore, this work is intended for bike-fitting professionals and coaches wishing to choose the most suitable technologies to study and improve the cycling position, and for the bike-fitting industry, in order to optimize existing technologies and help develop new concepts.
“You are first a migrant”: The role of police procedural injustice and social identity among Nigerian immigrants in the United States
Authors: Sarpong Dennis , Reisig Michael D
Published: October 2022

Process-based policing represents a strategy for building productive relationships between the police and residents. This study used data from in-depth qualitative interviews with Nigerian immigrants living in a large city to gauge the potential utility of this strategy. Although participants expected the police to behave in a manner consistent with an idealized image of the United States, police contacts were typically characterized as procedurally unfair, which negatively affected their social identity, their support for the police, and their willingness to comply and cooperate. Participants indicated that such treatment signaled to them that the police considered migrants an outgroup whose members represented a threat to public order and required higher levels of social control. Nevertheless, the evidence suggested that procedurally just tactics may prove effective over time, which could help immigrants identify with the police, support them, and report crimes.
A Surgeon's Perspective on Blood Conservation Practice in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Karimi Mohsen
Published: October 2022

Blood conservation practice in pediatric cardiac surgery has not been consistently adopted as quality improvement in many centers despite known risks associated with allogeneic blood products, shortage of donors, and costs. There are many blood conservation strategies available which collectively minimize exposure to allogeneic transfusion by maximizing the use of autologous red cells. These strategies are safe, reproducible, and have been implemented in clinical practice collectively with great efficacy for all patient ages and complexity levels. Institutional commitment to a set guideline will improve their blood conservation practice and quality outcome. The purpose of this article is to provide early career and practicing congenital cardiac surgeons with practical information concerning blood conservation strategies which can be considered for implementation in any pediatric cardiac surgery program, and which may be of particular value in resource-limited programs.
Early Outcome of Simplified Standardized Trileaflet Polytetrafluoroethylene Valved Conduit Placement
Authors: Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Siriprompatr Suthida , Subtaweesin Thaworn , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Nitiyarom Ekarat , Sriyoschati Somchai
Published: October 2022

Background

Use of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) valved conduit in the pulmonary position during the correction of congenital heart defects has significantly increased in popularity over the last decade due to its promising conduit longevity. We describe the standardized process to create and implant a trileaflet ePTFE pulmonary conduit along with the early outcomes of such procedures at our institute.

Methods

Records of 100 consecutive patients who underwent ePTFE valved conduit placement using our technique from April 2018 through February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The function of the conduit was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 28 ± 13.2 years old at the time of the operation. The conduit diameters ranged from 16 to 24 mm (mean 23.0 ± 1.9 mm). Conduit placement was utilized for pulmonary valve replacement in 68 patients, conduit change in 25 patients, and as a part of total repair in 7 patients. There were 2 in-hospital conduit-unrelated deaths from multi-organ dysfunction and pulmonary hypertensive crisis. From the postoperative echocardiography, the average peak pressure gradient across the conduit was 18.6 ± 9.0 mm Hg, and the conduit regurgitation was graded as none or trace in 81 patients, mild in 17 patients, and moderate in 2 patients. At 589 days of median follow-up, there was no conduit reoperation. Follow-up imaging of 60 available patients at a median time of 511 days did not show a significant change in conduit function.

Conclusions

Our standardized ePTFE valved conduit creation and placement demonstrated satisfactory clinical and echocardiographic outcomes.