bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of High Quality Feed Supplement on Growth Performance Post-Weaning Calves
Authors: Gading Besse Mahbuba We Tenri , Panjono Panjono , Agus Ali
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of high quality feed supplement (HQFS) in growth performance of post-weaning calves. Twenty four calves post-weaning aged 6 months old, consisting of 12 males and 12 females, randomly divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 6 calves. Grouping male and female calves fed control feed plus HQFS, was formulated from corn grain, corn gluten meal (CGM), pollard, soybean meal (SBM), wheat flour and agromix booster (treatment diet) as first group (treatment), and the second group was fed control feed without addition of HQFS (control). This study was conducted for 6 weeks. The variables observed included feed intake (dry matter, crude protein, and TDN), weight gain, feed conversion, feed cost per gain and body size (body length, chest girth, and withers height). The treatment was in factorial 2x2 in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Growth performance of post weaning calves were analyzed as repeated measures with feed (treatment and control) and sex (male and female) as factors.  Results showed that the CP consumption, ADG and chest girth of treatment group was higher than (P<0.01) than the control group (0.42 and 0.34 kg/d, 0.95 and 0.71 kg/d, and 12.41 and 8.25 cm). TDN consumption, feed conversion, and body length of the treatment group were higher (P<0.05) than the control group (3.08 and 2.57 kg/d, 3.64 and 4.86, and 8.12 and 5.95 cm). DM consumption, chest girth and feed cost per gain of treatment and control group were not significant (3.87 and 3.69 kg/d, 7.30 and 6.72 cm, and IDR 16,280.00 and IDR 19,167.00). There was no difference between the growth of post-weaning calves between the male and female groups. There was no interaction between feed type and sex of the post-weaning calves. The conclusion of this study was that post-weaning calves fed HQFS (20.2%) produced better growth performance than controls.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larva Extracts Against Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Harlystiarini Harlystiarini , Mutia Rita , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Astuti Dewi Apri
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Black soldier fly (BSF) larva extract. The BSF larva was extracted using methanol and then tested for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method (zone growth inhibition). The antibacterial activity was conducted against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli, two important bacterial strains in poultry, using six dilution levels (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml and 320 mg/ml). All the results were subjected analyze using t-test method. Based on the diameter of the inhibition zone, the BSF larva extract has a strong (P<0.05) antibacterial activity against Salmonella sp. and E. coli when the concentration used 320 mg/ml. In addition, BSF larva extract also contain high amount of lauric acid (49.18%), a saturated fatty acid that has been proven to proposes as antibacterial agent. Therefore, it could be concluded that the BSF larva extract could be used as a candidate for antibacterial substances.
Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mental and Emotional Well-being among International Students in the United States
Authors: Girmay Mehrete , Singh Gopal K.
Published: August 2019

Background: Loneliness and social isolation have the ability to affect an individual's mental and physical health. With research linking both to morbidity and premature mortality, their effects must be viewed as important public health problems. Loneliness and social isolation can be especially pronounced in the international student community, particularly at the university level, as this population encounters challenges assimilating to their host university, surrounding community, and host country. This study explores the risks and sociocultural factors associated with loneliness, social isolation, and psychological distress with regards to the overall adjustment of international students.
Methods: In this qualitative, narrative case study, 10 international graduate students at a university in the United States participated in two focus group sessions followed by individual interviews. Thematic areas and topics were identified using Barrer's three models of social support. Study was completed between December 2016 and September 2017.
Results: All of the participants shared that they had experienced loneliness and social isolation at some point during their acculturative process resulting in perceived xenophobia and a sense of insincerity on behalf of domestic students when attempting to forge connections. For some, these experiences elicited feelings of depression, a disinterest in building connections with domestic students, and in attending social events held on campus and within the community, further exacerbating feelings of loneliness and social isolation.
Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Results shed light on the impact that poor acculturation can have on the student's mental and physical health and how bridges between the international and non-international communities can be built and more importantly, sustained. There is a critical need for more effort to be focused on attending to both the mental and physical health needs of migrant students during their stay at the host university.
Key words: • Acculturation • Social Isolation • Loneliness • Mental Health • International •  Student
 
Copyright © 2019 Girmay and Singh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The mediating role of inflammation in the association between cigarette smoking and intima-media thickness: the Guangzhou biobank cohort study
Authors: Wang Tao , Jiang Chao Qiang , XU Lin , Zhang Wei Sen , Zhu Feng , Jin Ya Li , Thomas G. Neil , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing
Published: August 2019

Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with thicker carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), probably partly through inflammatory pathways. However, to what extent does inflammation mediate the smoking-carotid atherosclerosis association remains unclear. We investigated the mediating effect of inflammation on the association between cigarette smoking and carotid IMT, and quantified the respective contributions of inflammatory markers to this association.
Methods: A total of 1,752 participants from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort (GBCS-CVD) were included. Using causal mediation analysis under the counterfactual framework, we decomposed total effects of cigarette smoking on IMT into indirect effects (through inflammatory response) and direct effects (not through inflammatory response).
Results: After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the indirect effects of per 109/L increment in leukocyte and granulocyte, per mg/L increment in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and per mg/dl increment in fibrinogen on carotid IMT was 0.0028 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0011, 0.0047), 0.0019 mm (95% CI, 0.0006, 0.0034), 0.0017 mm (95% CI, 0.0006, 0.003) and 0.001 mm (95% CI, 0.0001, 0.0021), respectively. No evidence for a mediating role of lymphocyte was found. The proportion of the smoking-IMT association mediated by leukocyte, granulocyte, hs-CRP and fibrinogen was 12.57% (95% CI, 8.50%, 22.11%), 8.50% (95% CI, 5.76%, 15.09%), 7.64% (95% CI, 5.20%, 13.79%) and 4.48% (95% CI, 3.04%, 8.03%), respectively. Restricting data analysis to men showed similar results.
Conclusions: The effects of cigarette smoking on IMT were partly mediated by leukocyte, hs-CRP and fibrinogen. The mediating role of leukocyte was likely mainly driven by higher granulocyte.
Eosinopenia as a diagnostic marker of bloodstream infection in a general internal medicine setting: A cohort study
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Morinaga Kohei , Takase Hiroshi , Nin Michihiro , Shimizu Taro
Published: August 2019

Background

Little is known about the potential use of the eosinophil count as a predictive marker of bloodstream infection. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability of eosinopenia as a predictive marker of bloodstream infection.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study. The outpatient department and general internal medicine department of a tertiary university hospital in Japan. A total of 189 adult patients with at least 2 sets of blood cultures obtained during January 1–December 31, 2018, after excluding those with the use of antibiotic therapy within 2 weeks prior to blood culture, steroid therapy, a history of haematological cancer, or eosinophilia. The diagnostic accuracies of each univariate variable and the multivariable logistic regression models were assessed by calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs). The primary outcome was a positive blood culture indicating bloodstream infection.

Results

Severe eosinopenia (<10 cells/mm3) alone yielded little overall predictive ability (AUROC: 0.606, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.502–0.710, P=0.035), and only moderate sensitivity (50%, 95%CI: 29–70%) and specificity (71%, 95%CI: 63–78%). The model comprising baseline variables (age, sex) and the C-reactive protein level yielded an AUROC of 0.7384, and the further addition of eosinopenia yielded a slight improvement, with an AUROC of 0.7547 (P=0.4297) and a statistically significant net reclassification improvement (NRI) (P=0.03). However, the integrated discrimination index (IDI) (P=0.282) remained non-significant.

Conclusions

Severe eosinopenia can be considered an inexpensive marker of bloodstream infection in a general internal medicine setting.
Helicobacter pylori eradication according to sequencing-based 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation associated with clarithromycin resistance
Authors: Seo Seung In , Joo Byoung , Kang Jin Gu , Kim Hyoung Su , Jang Myoung Kuk , Kim Hak Yang , Shin Woon Geon
Published: August 2019

Background
Clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. A sequencing-based method can detect more point mutations than a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. We investigated the point mutations in the 23S rRNA genes of patients infected with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori and compared the H. pylori eradication rates based on the identified clinically significant point mutations.
Methods
A total of 431 adult patients with H. pylori infection were retrospectively recruited in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital in 2017 and 2018. Patients who did not have point mutations related to clarithromycin resistance and/or had clinically insignificant point mutations were treated with PAC (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) for 7 days, while patients with clinically significant point mutations were treated with PAM (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, metronidazole) for 7 days. H. pylori eradication rates were compared between the two groups.
Results
Sequencing-based detection of point mutations identified four mutations that were considered clinically significant (A2142G, A2142C, A2143G, A2143C), while all the other mutations were considered clinically insignificant. The clarithromycin resistance rate was 21.3% in the overall group of patients. A2143G was the most clinically significant point mutation (84/431, 19.5%), while T2182C was the most clinically insignificant point mutation (283/431, 65.7%). The H. pylori eradication rate in the overall group of patients was 83.7%, and the 7-day PAM-treated clarithromycin-resistance group showed a significantly lower eradication rate than the 7-day PAC-treated nonresistance group [ITT; 55.4% (51/92) vs. 74.3% (252/339), P=0.001, PP; 66.2% (51/77) vs. 88.4% (252/285), P=0.0001].
Conclusions
There were significantly lower eradication rates in the patients with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori as identified by the sequencing of point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene when treated with PAM for 7 days. A future study comparing treatment regimens in clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori-infected patients may be necessary.
Characteristics of peptic ulcer bleeding in cirrhosis with esophageal and gastric varices
Authors: Lu Zheng , Sun Xiaotian , Han Jingjing , Jin Bo , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Yanling , Han Jun , Ma Xuemei , Liu Bo , Yu Xiaoli , Wu Qin , Li Hanwei
Published: August 2019

Background

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is common in liver cirrhosis. Although esophageal and gastric varices (EGV) is the main bleeding source, there were still a proportion of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding, which has been easily neglected. Thus, this study aimed to analyzed and compared the characteristic of variceal bleeding and peptic ulcer bleeding in liver cirrhosis patients.

Methods

Cirrhotic patients with confirmed UGIB by urgent endoscopy from July 2012 to June 2018 in our hospital were enrolled, and classified into peptic ulcer bleeding group (n=248) and variceal bleeding group (n=402) based on the bleeding cause. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis were evaluated and compared, and independent risk factors for 42-day morality in peptic ulcer bleeding in cirrhotic EGV patients were determined.

Results

Compared with variceal bleeding group, peptic ulcer bleeding group were older (55.58±11.37 vs. 52.87±11.57, P<0.01) and more stable, and the most common symptom was melena. Hepatocellular carcinoma was more prevalent in peptic ulcer group (141 vs. 119, P<0.01). The success rate of endoscopic hemostasis for variceal bleeding and peptic ulcer bleeding was 89.05% and 94.35%, respectively (P=0.021). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified emergency intervention (P=0.018, OR [95% CI] 11.270 [1.503-84.501]), hepatic encephalopathy before bleeding (P=0.034, OR [95% CI] 6.831 [1.159-40.255]) and hepatic renal syndrome before bleeding (P=0.013, OR [95% CI] 8.482 [1.568-45.869]) as three independent predictors for 42-day mortality.

Conclusion

Peptic ulcer bleeding should be distinguished from variceal bleeding by clinical and endoscopic characteristics, and urgent endoscopic treatment is needed once diagnosed.
Clinicopathological profiling of small heterodimer partner, as a negative regulator of inflammatory responses in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Kim Sup , Joo MiNa , Yeo Min-Kyung , Cho Moon-June , Kim Jun-Sang , Jo Eun-Kyeong , Kim Jin-Man
Published: August 2019

Background: Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an orphan nuclear receptor family member that plays an essential role in the regulation of innate immune and inflammatory responses. However, the expression of SHP in rectal cancer and its prognostic significance have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to identify whether SHP levels are associated with cancer-related inflammation, treatment response and prognosis in rectal cancer patients.
Methods: First, we performed classic gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to detect the association between high and low SHP expression using TCGA data sets. Then, the correlation between the expression of SHP and the prognosis of rectal cancer patients was evaluated using online OncoLnc database. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry and analysed the correlation between SHP expression and clinicopathological / haematolgic features or treatment response of rectal cancer patients treated with radiochemotherapy.
Results: Bioinformatics analysis indicated that low SHP mRNA expression was significantly associated with inflammatory response (NES = -1.67507) and poor prognosis (p = 0.0319). Nuclear expression of SHP was associated with cN stage (p = 0.003), Neutrophil (p = 0.023), Lymphocyte (p = 0.024), NLR (p = 0.023) and complete pathologic response after radiochemotherapy (p = 0.031). Low nuclear expression of SHP was associated with poor overall and distant metastasis-free survival for rectal cancer (p = 0.029 and p = 0.008) and retained significance as an independent prognostic factor for rectal cancer (p = 0.087 and p = 0.037).
Conclusions: These results inidcate that SHP may act as an antiinflammatory mediator by regulating systemic and local immune responses in rectal cancer. Moreover, SHP might be used a candidate markers or therapeutic target in rectal cancer.
Value of AFP and PIVKA-II in diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and prediction of vascular invasion and tumor differentiation
Authors: Author) Yuan-Quan Si(Former Corresponding , Wang Xiu-qin , fan Gang , wang chang-yin , zheng yuan-wen , song xia , pan cui-cui , chu fu-lu , liu zhan-feng , Lu bing-ru , Lu Zhi-Ming
Published: August 2019

Background: To explore the value of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with vascular invasion, tumor differentiation and size.
Methods: A total of 433 participants were enrolled in this study including 266 cases with HCC, 87 cases with liver cirrhosis and 80 healthy individuals. Then we explored the correlation between AFP, PIVKA-II serum level and several pathological features such as vascular invasion, tumor differentiation and size. The value of these two markers used singly or jointly in diagnosing HCC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve was also plotted to identify AFP, PIVKA-II serum cut-off values that would best distinguish HCC patients with and without vascular invasion.
Results: The level of AFP and PIVKA-II in HCC group was significantly higher (Z was 7.428, 11.243 respectively, all P<0.01). When AFP and PIVKA-II were used as the individual tumor marker, the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of HCC diagnosis were 0.765 (95% CI, 0.713～0.8170) for AFP, 0.901 (95% CI, 0.868～0.935) for PIVKA-II, and 0.917 (95% CI, 0.886～0.948) for AFP and PIVKA-II simultaneously.
The serum levels of AFP and PIVKA-II were positively correlated with tumor differentiation and size. High AFP and PIVKA-II expression was signiﬁcantly associated with the presence of vascular invasion (P was 0.007 and 0.014 respectively). The AFP level >64.4ng/ml or PIVKA-II level >957.61mAU/ml was the best critical value to predict the presence of vascular invasion.
Conclusion: The diagnostic value of AFP and PIVKA-II combined detection or single assay of PIVKA-II is higher than that of separate assay of AFP. And the proper concentration has important clinical value for judging tumor size, tumor cell differentiation and vascular invasion. Above results validate that AFP and PIVKA-II play a significant role in the diagnosis of HCC.
CX3CR1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) metastasis via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Fan Mengtian , Weng Yaguang , Li Xian , Jiang Yingjiu , Wang Xiaowen , Bie Mengjun , An Liqin , Shi Qiong
Published: August 2019

Background

Fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is differentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and its function is unknown. As a special case of chemokine family, CX3CR1 only binds to its unique ligand CX3CL1, and CX3CL1 also only binds to its only receptor CX3CR1, the unique matching between ligands and receptors is not found in other chemokines, and this specificity is essential for diagnosis, prognosis and clinical target therapy.

Methods

CX3CR1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, migration and invasion abilities of SMMC-7721 cells were detected by wound-healing and transwell after overexpressing CX3CR1. In addition to overexpression experiments, interfering RNA siCX3CR1 was used for reverse validation in HepG2 cells. To further clarify the mechanism of CX3CR1 regulating HCC metastasis, the classical PI3K/AKT pathway were detected by Western blot.

Results

The CX3CR1 levels were positive correlated with pathological TNM stage, meanwhile a negative correlation between high expression of CX3CR1 and survival rate was found among patients at stageII-III. In our study, overexpression of CX3CR1 promoted migration and invasion ability of SMMC-7721 cells, whereas knockout of CX3CR1 inhibited these abilities of HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, CX3CR1 regulates the metastasis of HCC cells via PI3K/AKT pathway, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could stop the promoting effect of CX3CR1 on SMMC-7721 cells.

Conclusion

CX3CR1 regulated HCC cell metastasis via PI3K/AKT signaling and this effect might be a new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Anti-PD-1 antibody decreases tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells
Authors: Yoshida Kazushige , Okamoto Masanori , Sasaki Jun , Kuroda Chika , Ishida Haruka , Ueda Katsuya , Ideta Hirokazu , Kamanaka Takayuki , Sobajima Atsushi , Takizawa Takashi , Tanaka Manabu , Aoki Kaoru , Uemura Takeshi , Kato Hiroyuki , Haniu Hisao , Saito Naoto
Published: August 2019

Background: There are many types of therapies for cancer. In these days, immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, are focused on. Though many types of immune checkpoint inhibitors are there, the difference of effect and its mechanism are unclear. Some reports suggest the response rate of anti-PD-1 antibody is superior to that of anti-PD-L1 antibody and could potentially produce different mechanisms of action. On the other hand, Treg also express PD-1; however, their relationship remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro and osteosarcoma mouse model in vivo. In vitro, we analyzed the effect of IFNγ for expression of PD-L1 on the surface of cell lines by flowcytometry. In vivo, murine osteosarcoma cell line LM8 was subcutaneously transplanted into the dorsum of mice. Mouse anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered. we analysed the effect for survival of anti-PD-1 antibody and proportion of T cells in the tumor by Flowcytometry. Results: We discovered that IFNγ increased PD-L1 expression on the surface of osteosarcoma cell lines. In assessing the relationship between anti-PD-1 antibody and Treg, we discovered the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody suppresses increases in tumour volume and prolongs overall survival time. In the tumor microenvironment, we found that the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody decreased Treg within the tumour and increased tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: Here we clarify for the first time an additional mechanism of anti-tumour effect—as exerted by anti-PD-1 antibody decreasing Treg— we anticipate that our findings will lead to the development of new methods for cancer treatment.
keywords: PD-1, Treg, osteosarcoma, anti-PD-1 antibody.
Effects of cordycepin, gold nanostar and their combination on endometrial cancer cells
Authors: Fong Pedro , Cheong Chicheng , Mak Kawai , Lei Chicheng , Ho Manhei , Ao Chengngok , Meng Lirong
Published: August 2019

Background: The incidence rate of endometrial cancer has increased significantly in the past two decades. The current chemotherapy of endometrial cancer can cause intolerable side effects. Recently, both cordycepin and gold nanostars have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth and differentiation of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-endometrial cancer effects of cordycepin, gold nanostars and the combination of two.
Methods: The gold nanostars were made by seed-mediated reduction, and their morphology was confirmed by laser particle size analysis, spectrophotometry and electron microscopy. MTT cytotoxicity assays, clonogenic assays and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the inhibition rate, survival fraction and apoptosis in HEC-1A cells under different concentrations of cordycepin, Au NS and their combination. Results: This study revealed that both cordycepin and Au NS with 808 nm light exposure could inhibit cell proliferation, cause cell apoptosis, and inhibit clone ability of endometrial cancer cells. The combined Au NS-cordycepin solution produced greater anti-cancer effects than each treatment alone.
Conclusion: This study supports further investigations into Au NS-cordycepin in the development of new treatments for endometrial cancer.
A battery of self-screening instruments and self-reported body frame could not detect eating disorders among college students
Authors: Hayakawa Norika , Tanaka Satoshi , Hirata Naoko , Ogino Sachiko , Ozaki Norio
Published: August 2019

Objective

Although studies have shown inconsistent results in terms of prevalence of eating disorders, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to screen students for abnormal eating behaviors. The results of the self-reported EAT-26 and body frame, as well as the efficacy of using self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) were examined to detect eating disorders in new college students.Results

An anonymous questionnaire (EAT-26) was provided to 7738 new students; 4552 (58.8%) responders were included in the final analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 131 (1.7%) students. Among them, 6 students showed a high EAT-26 score, but were not diagnosed with an eating disorder based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Three students were diagnosed with an eating disorder using SCID-I, but their EAT-26 scores were below the threshold. From these results, in a non-clinical population, findings on EAT-26 do not agree with those on SCID-I in terms of the diagnosis of eating disorders, and this battery is not appropriate for detecting eating disorders.
Road crash by public transport: Analysis from a bus accident case in Benin in 2019
Authors: AHANHANZO Yolaine GLELE , Daddah Donatien , Kpozèhouen Alphonse , Santos Bella Hounkpè Dos , Quenum Kisito , Bato Michael , Levêque Alain
Published: August 2019

Objective : Although public transport is not the highest contributor to road crashes in Benin, the morbidity and mortality associated with such accidents are very high. The work aimed to analyze a road crash involving an intercity bus that occurred on February 23, 2019 in Benin. Results : Mortality rate was 21.2%. The median age of patients admitted to the hospital was 36 years (27-45). The primary areas affected by the accident were the cephalic pole (51%) and more than 20% had a high injury severity score. The main risk factor contributing to the accident was speeding. Wearing a seatbelt was a factor found to impact the severity of the injuries endured. In order to implement intervention aimed at prevention, there needs to be sufficient research to identify the most pressing risk factors involved in accidents occurring on public transportation.
The Effect of Pro-Inflammatory Conditions on Neutrophil Rolling Adhesion
Authors: Taverner Keith , Murad Yousif , Yasunaga Adam , Furrer Christine , Little Jonathan , Li Isaac TS
Published: August 2019

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the result of a dysregulation of insulin concentrations and signaling, leading to an increase in both glucose concentration and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Previous work showed that T2D patients exhibited immune dysfunction associated with increased adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cell surfaces, accompanied by decreased neutrophil rolling velocity on the endothelial cell surface. Changes in cell rolling adhesion have direct vascular and immune complications such as atherosclerosis and decreased healing time seen in T2D patients. While previous studies focused primarily on how endothelial cells affect neutrophil rolling under T2D conditions, little is known on changes to neutrophils that affect their rolling. In this study, we aim to show how the rolling behaviour of neutrophils are affected by T2D conditions on a controlled substrate. Results: We found that neutrophils cultured in T2D-serum mimicking media showed an increase in cell rolling velocity compared to neutrophils under normal conditions. Specifically, glucose alone is responsible for higher rolling velocity. While cytokines further increase the rolling velocity, they also reduce the cell size. It is likely that both glucose and cytokines reduce the PSGL-1 expression level on neutrophils.
Reliability and correlation of mixture cell correction in methylomic and transcriptomic blood data
Authors: Chaumette Boris , Kebir Oussama , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A. , Krebs Marie-Odile
Published: August 2019

Objectives: DNA methylome and RNA transcriptome studies are growing, but investigators have to consider the cell type composition of tissues used. In blood samples, for instance, data reflect picture of mixture of cells. Specialized algorithms address the cell-type heterogeneity issue. We tested if the estimation of cell type composition in the blood are correlated between two heterogeneous datasets.
Results: We used methylome and transcriptome datasets obtained from a cohort of ten individuals whose blood were sampled at two different timepoints and examined how the cell composition derived from these omics correlated with each other using “CIBERSORT” for transcriptome and “EstimateCellCounts function” for the methylome. The correlation coefficients between the two omic datasets range from 0.45 to 0.81. There was minimal correlation between the two timepoints using the same algorithm. Our results suggest that a posteriori corrections of a mixture of cells present in blood samples are reliable. Using an omic dataset to correct a second dataset for relative fractions of cells seems to be appropriate, but only when the samples are simultaneously collected. Such approach could be beneficial when there are difficulties to control the cell types in the second dataset, even when the sample size is limited.
Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Enyew Habtamu Demelash , Beyene Abebe Hailu , Abebe Zewdu , Melese Addisu Dagnaw
Published: August 2019

Background

High fluoride concentrations in ground water is a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. The Ethiopian Rift Valley is associated with high fluoride levels in ground water where deep wells are the major source of drinking water supply. Many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been carried out. However, the result is scattered in different studies which needs systematically summarized for utilization.Objective

The aim of this research is to estimate the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian rift valley.Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. We identified search terms by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant and appropriate terms.Results

The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean concentration of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p<0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p<0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p<0.001 for mild, moderate and sever fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI: 24, 32%, p<0.001).Conclusions

The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water in Ethiopian rift valley is nearly four times greater than the WHO guideline (1.5mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways including diet with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should conduct to decrease the concentration of fluoride
in the ground drinking water source.
Understanding the Healthcare Experiences and Needs of African Immigrants in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Omenka Ogbonnaya Isaac , Watson Dennis P. , Hendrie Hugh C.
Published: August 2019

Background: Africans immigrants in the United States are the least-studied immigrant group, despite the research and policy efforts to address health disparities within immigrant communities. Although their healthcare experiences and needs are unique, they are often lumped into the “black” category, along with other phenotypically-similar groups. These challenges stifle the means of accurately utilizing research data to make critical healthcare decisions regarding African immigrants. The purpose of this Scoping Review was to examine extant information about African immigrant health in the United States, in order to develop subsequent lines of inquiry using the identified knowledge-gaps.
Methods: Literature published in the English language between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed in five stages: (1) identification of question and (b) relevant studies, (c) screening, (d) data extraction and synthesis, and (e) results. Databases used included EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar (hand-search). The articles were reviewed according to title and abstract, and studies deemed relevant were reviewed as full-text articles. Data was extracted from the selected articles using the inductive approach, which was based on the comprehensive reading and interpretive analysis of the organically emerging themes. Finally, the results from the selected articles were presented in a narrative format.
Results: Culture, religion, and spirituality were identified as intertwined key contributors to the healthcare experiences of African immigrants. Also, lack of culturally-competent healthcare, distrust, and complexity, of the US health system, exorbitant cost of care, were identified as major healthcare access barriers.
Biosealer versus Biodentine for direct pulp capping in dog’s teeth: A histopathological evaluation
Authors: Al-Sherbiny Inas M. , Farid Mona H. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , Motawea Inas , Bastawy Hagar A.
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThis study compared the effect of Biodentine (BD) and Tech Biosealer Capping (BS) on the pulpal tissue response after pulp capping in dogs, teeth.MethodsThree mongrel dogs were enrolled in this study. Class V cavities with pulp exposure were performed on the buccal surface of 30 teeth (2 experimental groups) and left without pulp exposure in 15 teeth (control group). The cavities of experimental groups were capped with either Biodentine (BD Group, N= 15 teeth) or Tech-Biosealer Capping (BS Group, N= 15 teeth). All cavities (experimental and control groups) were restored with resin-modified glass ionomer. Dentine bridge formation, architechecture of the odontoblastic layers and signs of inflammation were assessed after 1, 2 and 3 months using the computer image analyzer (Leica Qwin 500).ResultsBD group showed a thick newly formed reparative dentin bridge completely closing the exposure site with cell inclusions and mineralization, variable amount of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers and blood vessels. While BS group showed an incomplete newly formed reparative dentin bridge with tunnel defect, vacuolated odontoblasts, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, extravasated RBCs, multiple calcified structures scattered just beneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts.ConclusionFor pulp capping, Biodentine has better dentine bridge formation and pulp preservation than Tech Biosealer Capping.
Al and Si diffusion in rutile
Authors: Cherniak Daniele J. , Watson E. Bruce
Published: August 2019

Diffusion of Al and Si has been measured in synthetic and natural rutile under anhydrous conditions. Experiments used Al2O3 or Al2O3-TiO2 powder mixtures for Al diffusant sources, and SiO2-TiO2 powder mixtures or quartz-rutile diffusion couples for Si. Experiments were run in air in crimped Pt capsules, or in sealed silica glass ampoules with solid buffers (to buffer at NNO or IW). Al profiles were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) using the reaction 27Al(p,γ)28Si. Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to measure Si diffusion profiles, with RBS also used in measurements of Al to complement NRA profiles. We determine the following Arrhenius relations from these measurements: For Al diffusion parallel to c, for experiments buffered at NNO, over the temperature range 1100–1400 °C:

D Al = 1.21 × 10 − 2 exp ⁡ ( − 531 ± 27 kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 .

For Si diffusion parallel to c, for both unbuffered and NNO-buffered experiments, over the temperature range 1100–1450 °C:

D Si = 8.53 × 10 − 13 exp ⁡ ( − 254 ± 31   kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 .

Diffusion normal to (100) is similar to diffusion normal to (001) for both Al and Si, indicating little diffusional anisotropy for these elements. Diffusivities measured for synthetic and natural rutile are in good agreement, indicating that these diffusion parameters can be applied in evaluating diffusivities in rutile in natural systems Diffusivities of Al and Si for experiments buffered at IW are faster (by a half to three-quarters of a log unit) than those buffered at NNO.

Si and Al are among the slowest-diffusing species in rutile measured thus far. Diffusivities of Al and Si are significantly slower than the diffusion of Pb and slower than the diffusion of tetravalent Zr and Hf and pentavalent Nb and Ta. These data indicate that Al compositional information will be strongly retained in rutile, providing evidence for the robustness of the recently developed Al in rutile thermobarometer. For example, at 900 °C, Al compositional information would be preserved over ~3 Gyr in the center of 250 μm radius rutile grains, but Zr compositional information would be preserved for only about 300 000 yr at this temperature. Al-in-rutile compositions will also be much better preserved during subsolidus thermal events subsequent to crystallization than those for Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-titanite crystallization thermometers.
Sound velocity of neon at high pressures and temperatures by Brillouin scattering
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Xinyang , Sun Ningyu , Tkachev Sergey N. , Mao Zhu
Published: August 2019

In this study, we have determined the combined effect of pressure and temperature on the compressional-wave velocity (VP) of Ne up to 53 GPa and 1100 K using Brillouin scattering in externally heated diamond-anvil cells. The phase transition from the supercritical fluid to solid phase was observed to cause a 10.5–11% jump in VP, and the magnitude in the VP contrast across the phase transition increases with temperature. In addition, we have observed an abnormal reduced increase rate of VP with pressure in the supercritical Ne fluid at both 800 and 1100 K before the transition to the solid phase. VP of the solid Ne exhibits a nonlinear increase with pressure at all the investigated temperatures. The elevating temperature was noted to cause an apparent reduction in VP, yet the reduction in VP caused by increasing temperature dramatically decreases at higher pressures. At 20 GPa, increasing temperature by 100 K can lower the VP of Ne by 2.4%. Yet elevating temperature by 100 K can only reduce the VP by 0.4% at 50 GPa. We further compare VP of Ne to that of other rare gases, including Ar, Kr, and Xe. At 300 K, VP of Ne shows a stronger dependence on pressure than both Kr and Xe. Moreover, increasing temperature can produce a greater reduction in VP of Ne than that of Ar below 50 GPa. Our measured VP of Ne is also useful for understanding the velocity structure of giant planets, such as Jupiter.
Composite materials based on zeolite stilbite from Faroe Islands for the removal of fluoride from drinking water
Authors: Díaz Isabel , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis , Gálvez Pilar , Pérez-Pariente Joaquín , Ólavsdóttir Jana
Published: August 2019

In this work, three samples of the zeolite stilbite from the Faroe Islands have been used to prepare zeolite/hydroxyapatite composite materials that have been tested for the removal of fluoride present as geogenic contaminant in underground water. The Faroe Islands are an archipelago in the North Atlantic that have volcanic origins of Paleocene and early Eocene age. Early reports on the presence of zeolites in the Faroe Islands indicate abundance of chabazite, analcite, mesolite, heulandites, and stilbite, with heulandite and stilbite dominant in the northern and northwestern part of the islands. Further investigations of the Faroese Geological Survey yielded zeolitic phases in Vestmanna, Streymoy, Morkranes, and Eysturoy, as well as in the sea tunnel that connects the island of Eysturoy with the island of Borðoy. Three stilbite samples coming from these locations have been used with the aim of producing composite materials for fluoride removal. For this purpose, the samples were exposed to a phosphate solution at room temperature for selected periods of time, in such a way that a hydroxyapatite layer develops on the surface of the zeolite crystals. The resulting composites consist of approximately 93% zeolite and 7% nano-hydroxyapatite, which is the active phase for fluoride removal. Excess fluoride (above 1.5 mg/L according to WHO) in drinking waters provokes dental or skeletal fluorosis, an endemic health problem in more than 25 countries. The defluoridation studies in our work are performed using real waters from Spain with initial [F–] of 7.1 mg/L. The capacity of the Faroe Islands stilbite-based adsorbent reaches 0.3 mg F–/g, showing similar behavior regardless of the stilbite sample used. The impact of the particle size of stilbite in the final defluoridation capacity is remarkable. An increase in the particle size leads to a dramatic decrease in the surface area, affecting the growth of the nano–hydroxyapatite on the zeolite surface and hindering, as a result, its capacity to remove fluoride. Interestingly, electron microscopy and X–ray powder diffraction results clearly show that nano–hydroxyapatite grow on the zeolite surface with a preferential orientation that maximizes the exposure of the (001) face containing the active sites for defluoridation, thus explaining the high F-removal efficiency of these materials.
KAWRUH PAMOMONG: CHILDREN EDUCATION BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Gularso Dhiniaty , Sugito Sugito , Zamroni Zamroni
Published: August 2019

Character education is the fundamental thing for one’s future. In Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta, the education of local wisdom based is Kawruh Pamomong. It is to educate children based on the truthfulness, love/passion and beautifulness or gracefulness. This research aims at studying and mapping the family education based on local wisdom Kawruh Pamomong Ki Ageng Suryomentaram in the sub-village of Balong of Timbulharjo Village in the sub-district of Sewon, Bantul Regency of Yogyakarta. Balong is a sub-district in the Southern of Yogyakarta, well-known for its KawruhJiwa in Yogyakarta. This research is conducted to gain information about how parents teach the children to think and act properly, passionate and nice. Survey method was employed in this research. The data were gained from 30 children and adolescences, in form of questionnaire, the citizens of Balong sub-district. The result of the research indicates that father and mother share the common competence in teaching and applying the Kawruh Pamomong of truthfulness and “sih”, in Kawruh Pamomong of truthfulness, father has the higher competence than mother.
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY SCHOOL PERFORMANCE BETWEEN NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: A BOOTSTRAPPING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Mustakim Zaenal , Chamdani Muhamad , Mahmudah Umi
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of this study is to compare the efficiency performance of high school education in Indonesiabased on its specialization groups, namely natural and social sciences. This study uses secondary data of high school published by Ministry of Education and Culture of Republic of Indonesia in 2016 which covers general description such as the numbers of schools, students, teachers, graduates, classes, et cetera. This study uses a bootstrap approach that is applied in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, which compares the efficiency of each Decision Making Unit (DMU). To compare its efficiency, as many as 34 provinces are used as DMUs by using six input variables, namely the number of participants of national exam, students, schools, teachers, libraries, and the number of classrooms. The output variables are the number of graduates, the average score of national exam in Indonesian, English, and mathematics.The results indicate that all provinces have very good performance in organizing high school education for both natural and social sciences where the average efficiency scores of the traditional DEA are .99 and .98 for natural and social sciences, respectively. Meanwhile, its average scores from bootstrapped DEA are .98 and .96 for natural and social sciences, respectively. The empirical results also reveal that bootstrapped DEA provides better accuracy of efficiency scores than the traditional DEA. Overall, the provinces in Indonesia have better performance in organizing natural science than social science.
THE INFLUENCE OF JOB EXPECTATION, JOB SATISFACTION, AND GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARDS THE WORK STRESS, JOB ENTHUSIASM AND CONTINUANCE COMMITMENT OF THE HONORARIUM TEACHER
Authors: Sariwulan Tuty , Agung Iskandar , Sudrajat Unggul , Atmadiredja Genardi
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of job expectations (JE), job satisfaction (JS), and government policy (PG) on work stress (WS), work passion (JEn), and continuance commitment (CC) to honorarium teachers in middle and high school. Data collection was done through questionnaires and analyzed using the SEM approach with the help of the Lisrel 8.80 program. The results of the analysis show that the variables JE, JS, and PG have an influence on WS; and WS has an influence on JEn and CC. Explicitly, the conditions and situations faced by honorary teachers tend to create a desire to find new workplaces. This was also reinforced by the issuance of Government Regulation No. 49/2019 concerning the acceptance of workers with work agreements and prohibits the existence of honorarium status. It is recommended, it is necessary to give priority to honorary teachers by not using work contracts, but by treating them for a certain period of time, then being appointed as permanent (non-ASN) teachers if they are judged to meet their requirements and eligibility.