bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of secondary orthopedic complications on the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Novikov Vladimir А. , Umnov Valery V. , Zharkov Dmitriy S. , Umnov Dmitriy V. , Barlov Olga V. , Ivanov Stanislav V. , Mustafaeva Alina R. , Svinina Ulyana A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) is one of the leading causes of disability among children, significantly affecting their physical and psychosocial condition. One of the most serious orthopedic complications of cerebral palsy are joint contractures, which exacerbate limitations of motor activity, increase pain and affect the quality of life. The importance of assessing the quality of life in cerebral palsy is emphasized as a factor reflecting physical condition and social adaptation, which allows for more accurate planning of treatment and rehabilitation.
The aim of the study: To study the effect of contractures and other orthopedic complications on the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy, taking into account the localization and severity of contractures, as well as the perception of the disease by patients themselves and their parents.
Materials and methods: The study included 62 patients with spastic cerebral palsy aged 6-13 years, the level of motor functions was assessed according to the GMFCS classification. The data collected included anamnestic information, a clinical orthopedic examination with an Ashworth scale assessment of spasticity, and information on concomitant disorders. The quality of life was assessed using the "Cerebral Palsy" module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire version 3.0.
Results: The data obtained revealed significant correlations between the level of GMFCS and limitations in such domains of quality of life as "Daily activities" and "Movement and balance". It was found that the presence of contractures of the hip and knee joints significantly reduces the indicators for the "Pain" and "Fatigue" domains. The impact of concomitant disorders, such as epilepsy, also negatively affects the perception of quality of life by children and their parents.
Conclusion: The revealed correlations emphasize the need for an integrated approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, including pain control, improvement of motor functions and consideration of psychosocial aspects.
A model of fetal growth retardation Oryctolagus cuniculus and extrapolation of primary outcomes in modern obstetrics
Authors: Blazhenko Aleksandra Aleksandrovna , Pachulia Olga Vladimirovna , Bespalova Olesya Nikolaevna , Kogan Igor Yurievich
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: According to WHO, fetal growth retardation (FGR) occurs in approximately 10% of pregnancies. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FGD and its association with subsequent outcomes are poorly understood.
AIM: To create an optimal model of fetal growth retardation in Oryctolagus cuniculus and to refine its methodology.
METHODS: Modeling of “early” fetal retardation was carried out by applying ligatures to uterine vessels before the onset of pregnancy in Oryctolagus cuniculus. The model of “late” fetal developmental delay was realized by applying ligatures on the 25th day of gestation of animals. The fetal-placental complex was obtained on day 30 of gestation by cesarean section of O. cuniculus.
RESULTS: In the group of “late” fetal retardation the fetal weight and placenta significantly decreased in comparison with the control (p 0.05), significant differences in the same parameters in the model of “early” fetal retardation were not found (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated two different models of fetal retardation. According to our results, the technique of “late” fetal retardation (ligature application to uterine vessels on day 25 of gestation) is a higher priority and adequate according to the data obtained, as well as promising for further development and application in experimental obstetrics.
“Old” and current antimalarial drugs, mechanism of action, significance of fever and therapeutic hyperthermia
Authors: Khan Johra , Rudrapal Mithun , Ураков Александр Ливиевич
Published: February 2025

It is reported that according to WHO report (2020), more than 229 million people in 87 countries have malaria despite the use of antimalarial drugs. Moreover, modern combination therapy cannot exclude this disease either. The fact is that malaria pathogens, as well as pathogens of other infectious diseases, gradually acquire resistance to anti-infective drugs. And such resistance of parasites to antimalarial drugs increases with increasing duration of use of these drugs in the community. In other words, antimalarial drugs used in the treatment and prevention of malaria are not only factors in the treatment and prevention of malaria, but gradually acquire the role of factors affecting the “natural” selection of pathogens. It is with the help of applied antimalarial drugs that parasites gradually adapt to existence in the organism of malaria patients, trying to survive despite the availability of drugs. It is shown that the intensity of mutations of malaria pathogens in their population, parasite load, choice of antimalarial drugs, accounting and control of antimalarial activity of the drugs used, the effectiveness and safety of the drugs used, their single and course doses, the effectiveness of individual course antimalarial therapy and control of drug-parasite interaction are the main factors in the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of malaria, as well as the factors of drug resistance of parasites. The review reiterates the importance of knowledge of the basic metabolism and life cycle of both parasite and host in understanding the mechanism of drug action and drug resistance in parasites. This knowledge is very important for the selection of new drug targets for the search and development of new antimalarial drugs. It is reported that fever, diurnal rhythm of body temperature, and therapeutic hyperthermia are not only factors in preventing infection, keeping patients healthy, and the course of malaria, but also factors in the mechanism of action of antimalarial drugs, the efficacy of drug therapy for infection, and the resistance of malaria pathogens to antimalarial drugs.
Seafloor Seismic Noise Patterns Across the Pacific Basin
Authors: Niklasson Siobhan , Rowe Charlotte , Bilek Susan
Published: February 2025

Seismic hazard monitoring and global tomography efforts are improved by recording signals at a variety of distances and azimuths to maximize subsurface sampling. Although seismic networks provide good to excellent coverage on land, seafloor stations are still sparse. Inclusion of ocean-based data would greatly improve the global coverage of seismic networks, but the use of seafloor seismic data to complement land-based detection and characterization of events is complicated by the generally much higher ambient noise level in the ocean compared to that observed on land. This noise is driven primarily by sea surface waves and tides, but how seismic noise levels vary with location in the oceans is not well described. Here, we analyze the relationship between ocean surface wave height and seismic noise in the 0.4–4 Hz frequency band at ocean-bottom seismometer deployments across the Pacific basin. We find that a noise-to-responsiveness ratio (NRR)—the median noise level at a station divided by its sea surface wave height responsiveness—correlates negatively with detection success for large teleseismic earthquakes. Stations that are close to land, with relatively shallow ocean and low wind speed, often have lower NRR than open-ocean stations, but the connection between geographic location and earthquake detection success is imperfect.
Precision dentistry: CRISPR in oral health
Authors: Benakatti Veena
Published: February 2025

With the technological revolution, precision medicine has become a possible entity in the present times. Genome editing, a genetic engineering tool, has added a new dimension to diagnostics and therapeutics in healthcare. Amongst the genome editing tools, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) stands out for its efficiency, versatility, and precision. CRISPR refers to a genetic scissor that can precisely edit specific parts of DNA accurately and comprises three steps: identification, editing, and repair. CRISPR has seen various applications in medicine from treating genetic and infectious diseases to cancer therapy. In dentistry, CRISPR technology is in its initial stages and has shown potential in periodontitis, dental caries, head and neck cancer, orthodontics, craniofacial defects, and viral infections. CRISPR by host response modulation offers personalized periodontal care, inhibits biofilm formation to prevent dental caries, personalized cancer treatment by targeting responsible genes, provides genetic information on the aetiology of craniofacial malformations, and helps in understanding viral infections and targeted therapies. This customized precision approach opens new avenues to improved treatment outcomes. CRISPR technology is not devoid of challenges, it has ethical challenges, immunogenicity, and off-target effects, yet, it holds promise as a future diagnostic and therapeutic approach if implemented with care.
Role of saliva buffer capacity for caries risk assessment in adults using a reduced cariogram model
Authors: Kasireddy Himasree , Tanikonda Rambabu , Mamidibathula Sri Devi , Malkapuram Rani Sirisha
Published: February 2025

A reduced cariogram model is a simplified version of the original cariogram which simplifies the analysis by focusing on fewer parameters, making it easy to use in clinical and research settings. One of the key components in “cariogram model” is the buffering capacity of saliva, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining oral pH balance.

To investigate the role of “salivary buffer capacity” for caries predictive ability of “reduced cariogram model” in adults.

A sample of 90 patients were included in this study. The cariogram variables were collected through a questionnaire, clinical and salivary examinations. The outcome measure was computed as a ‘‘chance to avoid caries in the near future,’’ which was expressed in percentage. The eight cariogram variables computed were caries experience, related diseases, diet frequency, plaque amount, fluoride program, saliva secretion, saliva buffer capacity, and clinical judgment. The data were calculated in two ways: “cariogram with eight variables” and “cariogram with seven variables”, excluding saliva buffer capacityThe patients were then allocated into three caries risk categories according to their chance of avoiding caries in the near future, as follows: 0–40% chance to avoid caries =high caries risk, 41–60% chance to avoid caries = medium caries risk, and 61–100% chance to avoid caries = low caries risk in both models i.e “cariogram with eight variables” and “cariogram with seven variables”. Comparison between the two was done.

When eight variables were considered the p value was 0.150 and when only seven variables were considered the p value was 0.001 which is statistically significant indicating the saliva buffer capacity has an influence in the caries risk assessment of an individual.

: Saliva buffer capacity had a significant role in altering the caries risk of an individual in a “reduced cariogram model”.
Políticas públicas para las industrias culturales y creativas: de la teoría a la práctica
Authors: Zaldívar Trinidad , Prada Eliana , Inthamoussú Martín , Majlis Signorio Martina
Published: February 2025

Esta publicación recopila los resultados, aprendizajes y conclusiones del Tercer Diálogo Regional de Políticas de Industrias Culturales y Creativas, organizado por el BID en 2024. Durante el evento se trabajó de manera colaborativa cómo pasar de la teoría a la práctica en la formulación de políticas públicas para el fomento de las industrias culturales y creativas, identificando los desafíos y realidades particulares de cada país. Este documento sintetiza las discusiones clave, los consensos alcanzados y los casos de éxito compartidos, ofreciendo herramientas y estrategias para avanzar en el fortalecimiento del sector creativo como motor de desarrollo económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe.
Assessing the Role of Tax-benefit Systems in Reducing the Gender Income Gap in Latin America
Authors: Deza María Cecilia , Dondo Mariana , Jara H. Xavier , Rodríguez Guerrero David Arturo , Torres Javier
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to assess the extent to which cash transfers, direct taxes, and social contributions help to reduce gender income inequalities in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. We apply microsimulation techniques to household survey data and allocate incomes within the household, assuming that each person retains the income they receive (e.g., earnings, benefits targeting mothers) and pays taxes and social insurance contributions on an individual basis according to each countrys rules. Then, we compare gender income ratios based on market (before taxes and benefits) and disposable (after taxes and benefits) income. Our results show that, at the bottom of the distribution, tax-benefit systems significantly reduce gender income disparities in most countries due to the effect of social assistance benefits received by mothers in poor households. Additionally, we find that women have substantially higher poverty rates than men based on individual disposable income. Gender differences in poverty fade away when income is pooled at the couple level and, even more so, at the household level.
Cadena de valor de la vivienda en Panamá: diagnóstico sectorial y estrategias para mejorar el acceso a una vivienda adecuada
Authors: Ceballos Ochoa Francisco , Cervantes Bautista Juan José , Espino Nilson Ariel , Guerrero Jorge , Martínez Yoldin Cernin , Márquez Jorge , Mena Adriana , Pinto Carrillo Augusto César , Porcuna Alvaro , Ruiz Hernández Felipe de Jesús , Torcida Amero Luis Ignacio Joaquín , Vidigal Coachman Natalia , Navarrete Jesús
Published: February 2025

Este reporte de avance muestra los hallazgos identificados durante el proceso de investigación en campo, trabajo de gabinete y entrevistas con actores relevantes dentro de la cadena de valor del sector vivienda en Panamá. También incluye el estatus que guarda cada uno de los eslabones, respecto a la simplificación de los procesos, alternativas de modalidad de soluciones habitacionales, optimización de recursos de subsidios, observancia de elementos de sostenibilidad, financiamiento, involucramiento de los actores necesarios, integración de la información del sector, marco normativo, planificación del desarrollo urbano e identificación y atención de la población objetivo, entre otros.

El presente análisis está estructurado en dos apartados: 1) Los resultados de la evaluación de la cadena de valor, en el que se presenta la problemática identificada en cada uno de los 14 eslabones (siete eslabones en la parte de la demanda y siete eslabones en la parte de la oferta), además se han incluido líneas transversales que afectan tanto la oferta como la demanda, así como, se han incorporado posibles intervenciones y mecanismos de implementación que señala el líder de implementación e instancias de apoyo, y 2) Marco estratégico y resumen de las propuestas priorizadas.
Competition Law and Regulations: Productivity Impacts in Latin American Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Wong Sara , Petreski Marjan
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the effects of competition laws and regulations on manufacturing firms productivity in Latin American countries (LACs), addressing a gap in existing research. Leveraging firm-level panel data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys across 14 LAC economies and competition law indicators from the Comparative Competition Law initiative, the study employs total factor productivity (TFP) measures to analyze the effects of competition laws on manufacturing productivity through key mediators: firm size, distance to the frontier, and broader institutional arrangements. Utilizing various empirical methodologies that address potential biases, the findings reveal a nuanced relationship between competition law stringency, enforcement practices, and productivity outcomes across different industries and countries. Results reveal heterogeneous effects of competition law and enforcement on productivity, with certain aspects showing a positive relationship with productivity, particularly when controlling for firm size, while stronger enforcement measures weaken the positive association between competition law and productivity, potentially due to increased compliance costs and legal uncertainty. The study suggests a need for policymakers to strike a balance between regulatory stringency and enforcement in competition to avoid stifling innovation and hindering productivity growth, particularly in industries nearing technological frontiers. Accounting for industry-specific factors are essential for fostering fair competition and market efficiency without unduly burdening businesses.
Heterogeneous Returns to ICT Capital: Insights from Colombian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Gallego Juan Miguel , Nieves Alejandro , Vargas Fernando , Díaz Lina M. , Saboin José Luis
Published: February 2025

The persistent productivity gap between Latin America and the Caribbean and high-income countries is partially attributed to low levels of innovation and limited adoption of technologies, such as information and communication technologies (ICT). ICT capital has been shown to enhance firm performance, yet its role in emerging markets remains underexplored. In this study, we analyze the impact of ICT capital on output in Colombian manufacturing firms from 2013 to 2018. Using an augmented production function, we estimate the output elasticity of ICT capital while addressing potential endogeneity and measurement concerns. Here, we show that ICT capital contributes significantly to output, with elasticities comparable to non-ICT capital and labor. The results reveal substantial heterogeneity: innovative, high-tech, exporting, and big firms have higher ICT capital elasticities than their noninnovative, low-tech, nonexporting, and smaller counterparts. These patterns suggest that complementarities exist between ICT and firms assets related to innovation, export orientation, and growth. The findings presented here contribute to the literature on ICT capitals role in firm productivity and inform policy making by emphasizing the need for different strategies to foster digital transformation in SMEs and in low-tech sectors.
Evaluación de una adaptación del Programa HM en Uruguay
Authors: De Los Santos Gabriela , Erhardt Cecilia , Marroig María , Flores Iván , Rasso-Masías Paulina , Székely Miguel , Abizanda Beatriz
Published: February 2025

Este documento presenta los resultados de evaluar el impacto de un programa de promoción de actitudes de género equitativas (Programa HM), aplicado a 326 estudiantes de secundaria de las áreas de Marconi y Casavalle, Montevideo, por el Ministerio del Interior de Uruguay. La evaluación utiliza un diseño cuasiexperimental que comparó los puntajes de la Escala de Actitudes de Género GEM antes y después de la ejecución del programa utilizando una metodología de Pareo por Puntaje de Propensión. Del análisis se concluye que los jóvenes en el grupo de tratamiento no tuvieron una mejora significativa en sus actitudes en relación con el grupo de control. Derivado del análisis de la implementación de la intervención, se plantean cuatro propuestas para la mejora de la ejecución en el futuro.
Management of Geo-ecological Risks of Oil and Gas Facilities by Means of the Database of Dangerous Geological Processes (Using the Trans-Sakhalin Pipeline System as an Example)
Authors: Fedash A.V. , Sizov O.S. , Kharybina A.S.
Published: February 2025

The most common hazardous geological processes affecting the right-of-way of the trans-Sakhalin pipeline system (within the Sakhalin-2 Project), primarily in the Makarovsky District, are considered, and the prerequisites for their development are listed. A database of these processes was created and the results of visual inspection of the pipeline route for oil spills were described. The adequacy of monitoring and reclamation activities along the study area was analyzed. It is found that sections of the trans-Sakhalin pipeline system exposed to hazardous geologic processes were considered during design and construction of the facility and are subject to monitoring and regular maintenance. A conclusion is made about the exposure of the pipeline system to geo-ecological risks, and a forecast of the technical condition of the study object with necessary recommendations is given.
Using Artificial Intelligence as a Predictive Model of Atmospheric Air Pollutant Distribution
Authors: Gusev D.M. , Melnikov P.A. , Shashenko V.A.
Published: February 2025

The experience of using artificial intelligence (AI) to create a predictive model of atmospheric air pollutant distribution in an urbanized area is presented. Various machine learning algorithms, their advantages and disadvantages in the context of air quality prediction are considered. The possibilities of using historical data accumulated from 2021 to June 2024 on atmospheric air pollution in Togliatti, meteorological conditions, topography and other factors affecting the distribution of pollutants for training of AI models are investigated. Simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed model in predicting pollution levels at different time scales are presented. A conclusion is made about the significance of using AI in the field of air quality monitoring, and practical recommendations for using the obtained results to optimize pollution management strategies and ensure environmental safety are proposed.
Gaining Insight into Fiscal Decentralization at Producing Public Value (Accountability) Through Public Goods and Public Interest: Literature Review of Fiscal Decentralization in the Indonesian and Global Context
Authors: Hidayat Melda Fadiyah , Pradana Galih Wahyu , Maruf Muhammad Farid , Anggraeni Zahrani Putri , Darmayanti Wanda Alvi , Nurwidya Maharani Putri , Shobirin Dewi Rahma , Fitrie Revienda Anita
Published: February 2025

This study examines fiscal decentralization in Indonesia and globally focuses on public value. Empirically, several studies show that fiscal decentralization positively or negatively impacts economic growth. When examined with the meaning of public value, the budget, which is the basis of bureaucracy in the political process (decision-making and management institution), can reflect public values. The difference between these two phenomena means that some studies show variations in the implementation and effectiveness of fiscal decentralization. Using a semi-systematic literature review method, this study analyses empirical findings from Indonesia and globally on public value in the context of public goods and public interest. The results show that the facts related to fiscal decentralization both in Indonesia and globally still have a low degree of public value, especially concerning accountability in the meaning of public goods and public interests.
Thematic Analysis of the Implementation of Emerging Technologies and Digital Solutions in Health and Humanitarian Supply Chains
Authors:   School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, The Gambia, Gulma Kabiru Abubakar
Published: February 2025

Background: Emerging technologies—such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, and blockchain—have the potential to significantly enhance the health and humanitarian supply chain [HHSC]. These technologies, already transforming broader industries, offer promising opportunities for optimizing operations in critical humanitarian and healthcare settings. Objective: This article explores the key levers that influence the adoption of emerging technologies within the HHSC and examines the broader implications for stakeholders. It aims to provide an understanding of how these technologies can be integrated to enhance supply chain performance and operations. Approach: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, drawing on a range of studies published between 2010 and 2020. The analysis employed a thematic approach, focusing on identifying key patterns and trends in the adoption of emerging technologies. Key themes related to technology adoption drivers, operational impacts, and stakeholder implications were synthesized and discussed in relation to the broader HHSC context. Key Findings: The thematic analysis revealed several important levers influencing the adoption of emerging technologies, including factors such as technological readiness, organizational capacity, and stakeholder collaboration. The findings highlight the importance of understanding these levers in combination, rather than in isolation, to effectively leverage technological innovations in HHSC. Conclusions: This article provides valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers. For organizations, it emphasizes the importance of focusing on integrated lever combinations to maximize the benefits of emerging technologies. For scholars, it offers a foundation for further research into the complex relationships between these factors and their implications for supply chain optimization. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how these technologies can be successfully adopted within the HHSC and lay the groundwork for future exploration in this area.

Keywords: Supply chain digital tools, Health, Humanitarian, Supply chains, Supply chain automation, Systematic review, Blockchain, Big data, Artificial intelligence, Digital health, Drones, Robotics
„Talent jej był przede wszystkim męskim”. Krytyka artystyczna a płeć od lat 80. XIX wieku do lat 30. XX wieku
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Joanna
Published: February 2025

Pośród przeszkód stojących przed kobietami pragnącymi profesjonalnie zajmować się sztuką w końcu XIX i w pierwszych dekadach XX wieku być może najtrudniejszą do pokonania były powszechne uprzedzenia dotyczące związków płci z twórczością. Stereotypowo kobiety uznawano za niezdolne do pracy artystycznej, a jakiekolwiek stworzone przez nie dzieła musiały mieć pierwiastek męskości, by można było je traktować poważnie. Taki tok myślenia przewijał się w wielu tekstach krytycznych, nawet tych utrzymanych w przychylnym tonie. W artykule zebrano szereg przykładów pozwalających prześledzić jak płeć artystek wpływała na odbiór ich twórczości.
Nieostrość i punctum (Sasnal w Muzeum POLIN)
Authors: Rejniak-Majewska Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Tekst poświęcony jest ekspozycji Wilhelm Sasnal: Taki pejzaż, zrealizowanej w 2021 roku w Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLIN. Zaprezentowana nie w instytucji artystycznej, a w miejscu związanym przede wszystkim z pamięcią i historią, wystawa ujmowała twórczość Sasnala w nowym świetle, jako wyraz osobistego zaangażowania w konfrontacji z cieniami przeszłości. Artysta, światowej sławy współczesny polski malarz, przyjmuje tu pozycję mediatora, pośrednika, świadka, dotykającego bolesnych miejsc, lecz pozbawionego tytułu, by kogokolwiek pouczać. Choć zainteresowanie Sasnala historią i rolę obecnych w jego twórczości nawiązań do Maus Spiegelmana czy Shoah Lanzmanna dostrzegano już wcześniej, omawiana ekspozycja zdecydowanie wyprowadziła odbiór jego twórczości poza utożsamianie jej z grą cytatów i medytacją nad samym medium malarstwa. W tekście analizowana jest scenografia wystawy, dobór prezentowanych na niej obrazów oraz sposób budowania między nimi powiązań. Podkreślone zostało znaczenie towarzyszącego ekspozycji ilustrowanego przewodnika z rysunkami i komentarzami twórcy. Przywoływane są też świadectwa recepcji oraz komentarze artysty i kuratora, dotyczące projektu wystawy i sposobu pracy Sasnala. Przedmiotem namysłu jest w szczególności użyte w tytule wystawy pojęcie „pejzażu” – jego dosłowne i przenośne znaczenia, a także związany z nim problem widzialności, nieczytelności, bezformia, zbliżania się do tego co obecne, choć rozmyte – tego, co w zbiorowej pamięci dotkliwe i okryte wstydem.
Organic dairy cattle breeding: possibilities and challenges
Authors:   Aarhus University, Denmark, Kargo Morten , Brastrup Clasen Julie ,   Aarhus University, Denmark, Slagboom Margot ,   Aarhus University, Denmark
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses challenges and options for developing dedicated organic dairy breeding programmes with a focus on developing cows best suited to low-input production in particular local contexts. It reviews ways of identifying target traits and establishing breeding goals as well as when to develop separate organic breeding lines and how best to integrate phenotypic and genomic data in breeding. The chapter also discusses options for optimising organic breeding programmes such as the potential multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) and the role of crossbreeding.
The value of One Health and One Welfare approaches in promoting the health and welfare of organic dairy cattle
Authors:   The Organic Research Centre, UK, Whistance Lindsay K.
Published: February 2025

There is a clear need for an integrated approach to human, animal and ecological health reflecting the four organic principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care and their supporting text. In the early 2000s, the One Health approach was established to recognise the strong links between human health and animal and planetary health. Later, the One Welfare approach was established to complement One Health. For organic farming, the challenges with these approaches include the practical focus on health as the presence or absence of named diseases rather than systems integrity as well as a focus on mitigating negative outcomes rather than building positive systems and practices which lead to high welfare for humans, farmed animals and wild animals. It is suggested here that agroecological food production could be better served by using a Post-Normal Science approach (PNS) which is a framework where uncertainty, value loading and different perspectives are considered.
Improving herd health management and disease prevention in organic dairy cattle farming
Authors:   Royal Agricultural University/(formerly Innovation for Agriculture), UK, Morgans Lisa , Svensson Catarina ,   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden, Duval Julie ,   National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), France, Ivemeyer Silvia ,   Thünen Insititute - Institute of Organic Farming, Germany
Published: February 2025

This chapter focuses on supporting animal health and welfare at herd level and giving more emphasis to preventative animal health and welfare planning (AHWP) with less reliance on antibiotics. It outlines some of the major challenges currently facing improvements to dairy cow health and welfare and improving AHWP in organic dairy farming. These range from the complexity of animal health and going beyond the five freedoms for animal welfare, to the importance of farming systems and the varying approaches and perspectives to sustainability within organic dairy farming. The role and ongoing development of the farmer-advisor relationship is discussed. The chapter then goes on to discuss the importance of relationships and the benefits of developing enhanced communication skills alongside applying participatory and bottom-up approaches to change. The role of facilitators, peer-to-peer learning, informal and formal networks and the inclusion of other actors involved in dairy herd health planning are also discussed.
Improving the management of parasites in organic dairy farming
Authors:   University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Milan Thamsborg Stig , Williams Andrew ,   University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Mejer Helena ,   University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Ravinet Nadine ,   INRAE, France, Peña-Espinoza Miguel ,   University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria, Skuce Philip J. ,   Moredun Research Institute, UK
Published: February 2025

Parasites of animals constitute an important part of any ecosystem, including livestock production systems. This chapter summarizes the most important internal parasite infections and problems typically recognized in organic dairy farming, including cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis in young calves and pasture-borne infections, like gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms, and liver flukes. Aspects of environmental impact of anti-parasitic drug use are also discussed. Most infections are endemic and inherent to grazing systems and rearing of young stock. However, management decisions will affect the balance between parasites and hosts and in some cases result in disease. Prevention of parasites in organic dairy systems should focus on hygienic measures, grazing management and dietary interventions, and aim for an ecological balance between parasite burden and animal welfare/unavoidable production losses. Whenever management fails, appropriate intervention with or without drugs must take place. Lastly, the authors discuss new directions of research, including bioactive forages, breeding for resistance, and vaccines.
Market structures of organic dairy farming and consumer attitudes towards organic milk processing
Authors:   Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland, Schmid Otto , Stolz Hanna ,   Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland, Koch Karlotta ,   University of Hohenheim, Germany, Meier Claudia ,   Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland
Published: February 2025

Since 2021, the established retail chains remain dominant, discount retailers are gaining, and traditional organic stores are losing market share. There is growing competition with other labels, especially regional labels, animal welfare labels and hay milk (e.g. grass-fed) labels. A literature review showed that the main motives for consumers to buy organic food were health, taste, environmental protection and animal well-being. When consumers purchase milk, fat content, taste, freshness, price, shelf life, and region of origin are the six most relevant criteria. When introduced to different milk processing methods, organic consumers preferred High Pressure Processed milk (HPP) over pasteurised milk, and had the lowest preference for micro-filtrated milk. This shows that the benefits of specific processing methods, such as the preservation of a food’s natural taste and nutritional content, should be explained more clearly via targeted communication in order to better inform consumer choice.
Organic dairy farming as part of sustainable ecological and social food systems
Authors:   Aarhus University, Denmark, Vaarst Mette , Muller Adrian ,   FiBL, Switzerland, Schader Christian ,   FiBL, Switzerland, Leiber Florian ,   FiBL, Switzerland, Oehen Bernadette ,   FiBL, Switzerland, Whistance Lindsay K. ,   The Organic Research Centre, UK, Roderick Stephen ,   Duchy College, UK
Published: February 2025

There have been great advances in many aspects of organic dairy farming, which has become increasingly efficient and productive with a strong market. However, in some cases this has occurred through increasing specialization and scale of production, which risks the sector not being able to fully address the major challenges of environmental and social sustainability, animal welfare and the ability to deliver affordable and nutritious products. These challenges can be addressed by referencing the core organic principles of health, ecology, fairness and care, by adopting a more holistic, systems-based perspective and with organic dairy farming being viewed as an important part of wider rural communities and landscapes. This chapter explores some of these ecological, social and food-system frameworks and what they mean for the future of organic dairy farming. Key elements include a focus on pasture-based production, reduced dependency on feed imports and incentives reflecting organic farming’s aims and aspirations.
Relato de Caso: Avaliação Neuropsicológica após Acidente Vascular Cerebral Agudo
Authors: Santos Ailla Cardoso da Silva , Oliveira Ilena Rafaela Gama de Britto , Santana Tatiana de Vasconcelos Oliveira
Published: February 2025

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de internações e mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Este estudo buscou relatar o caso de um paciente, sexo masculino, 44 anos de idade e 8 de escolaridade, hospitalizado em período agudo pós-AVC por lesão isquêmica de artéria cerebral medial de hemisfério esquerdo, encaminhado para avaliação neuropsicológica por apresentar queixas cognitivas e mudança de humor. Para a avaliação, foram utilizados instrumentos como entrevista semiestruturada, testes de avaliação cognitiva, de avaliação do humor e comportamento, assim como de funcionalidade/mobilidade hospitalar. Foram identificados prejuízos em memória declarativa, funções executivas e sintomas ansiosos. Discute-se sobre a relevância da avaliação neuropsicológica em período agudo, por ter valor preditivo do comprometimento cognitivo e possíveis consequências neuropsiquiátricas posteriores. Acredita-se que a neuropsicologia hospitalar possa favorecer o planejamento de reabilitação neuropsicológica precoce. Nota-se a necessidade de mais estudos e instrumentos específicos para a avaliação pós-AVC agudo.
Percepções de Enfermeiras sobre Sua Comunicação com Adolescentes com Câncer
Authors: Weston Fernanda Cirne Lima , Souza Leonardo  Möller Pedroso de , Santos Danielle Paz dos , Pozza Dan Roger , Argimon Irani Iracema de Lima , Dias Ana Ana Cristina Garcia
Published: February 2025

Introdução: a comunicação efetiva com a equipe de enfermagem contribui para a redução do sofrimento dos adolescentes com câncer hospitalizados. Portanto, objetiva-se analisar as percepções de enfermeiras que atuam na oncologia pediátrica a respeito de sua comunicação com adolescentes com câncer. Método: estudo qualitativo exploratório, com oito enfermeiras que atuam na oncologia pediátrica em Porto Alegre, Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre junho de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, e a análise das entrevistas transcritas ocorreu por meio da análise temática. Resultados: identificaram-se dois temas. Em “Diferentes abordagens na comunicação”, demonstram-se as estratégias utilizadas para a criação de vínculo com o adolescente, incluindo o bom-humor e a disciplina. No tema “Proximidade com a morte”, mostra-se a dificuldade das enfermeiras em lidar com a temática da terminalidade, representando uma barreira na comunicação. Discussão: a comunicação das enfermeiras é permeada de técnicas para o fortalecimento de vínculo. Contudo, a comunicação com o adolescente com câncer é permeada pela percepção de morte, impedindo que elas estejam emocionalmente disponíveis para prestar o suporte emocional necessário. Conclusão: a dificuldade dessas profissionais de entrar em contato com a morte representa uma barreira na comunicação, exigindo um preparo já na graduação para trabalhar com a temática.
Status Kewarganegaraan Bagi Anak (Intended Parents Embryo) Warga Negara Indonesia Menggunakan Mekanisme Gestational Surrogacy
Authors: Adi Abdulloh , Syaiful Aris
Published: February 2025

Assistive Reproductive Technology (ART) is contained in Article 58 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health which only recognizes the IVF process, and implicitly prohibiting about Gestational Surrogacy and impact on sitizenship status without paying attention to the principle of legality. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of differences in Gestational Surrogacy procedure arrangements on citizenship status, especially for granting Indonesian citizenship from thet procedure. This writing method is normative legal research using a conceptual approach and a statutory regulatory approach. The result of this research is that there is a causal impact of differences in the settings of Gestational Surrogacy procedures with citizenship status, where in several countries children resulting from Gestational Surrogacy have stateless status. In Indonesia itself, children resulting from this procedure still have Indonesian citizenship status. However, it must be the status of an illegitimate child
Recent advances in high temperature solid oxide electrolytic cells
Authors: Chen Wei , Sun Chunwen
Published: February 2025

Solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOECs) with oxygen ion- or proton-conducting electrolytes have received extensive attention in recent years as a kind of energy storage technology. SOECs achieve the synthesis of chemicals such as hydrogen, CO or syngas by electrolyzing water, CO2 or both at high temperatures. This review presents the basic structure and electrochemical principle of SOECs, then introduces the recent research progress of cathodes, anodes and electrolytes in SOECs, and particularly points out the current challenges of SOEC materials, such as inactivation at high temperatures and decay due to long-term operation. We summarize various strategies to improve the properties of different electrode materials, including doping, in situ exsolution and microstructure modification. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of different SOEC stack structures (planar and tubular) are also outlined. Finally, the future development trends in novel materials and engineering design of SOECs are proposed.
Assessing Airline Companies’ Financial Performance through Liquidity and Debt Ratios: An Accounting Approach
Authors: Alsulami Faizah
Published: February 2025

This study analyses the relationship between liquidity and debt management ratios and their impact on the financial performance of South Asian airlines from 2011 to 2022. The application of GARCH and TARCH models reveals a nuanced relationship among these factors. Open money, evidenced by strong positive lagged relationships with liquidity ratios and Return on Equity (ROE), plays a crucial role in financial prosperity. Conversely, elevated debt levels, indicated by negative lagged correlations with ROE, exert a detrimental effect. A long-term equilibrium relationship between the factors highlights their interconnectedness and the stability of this dynamic. However, potential limitations such as heteroscedasticity and neglected factors indicate the need for further investigation. This study emphasises the significance of effective liquidity management and prudent debt strategies for South Asian airlines to enhance financial performance and ensure long-term sustainability. Future research may explore the differential effects among various airline types and the influence of external factors, thereby facilitating enhanced financial practices and a robust aviation sector in the region.
Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients May Exhibit Plasma Hypercoagulability Despite Escalated Anticoagulation
Authors: Shakhidzhanov Soslan , Filippova Anna , Bovt Elizaveta , Gubkin Andrew , Sukhikh Gennady , Tsarenko Sergey , Spiridonov Ilya , Protsenko Denis , Zateyshchikov Dmitriy , Vasilieva Elena , Kalinskaya Anna , Dukhin Oleg , Novichkova Galina , Karamzin Sergey , Serebriyskiy Ilya , Lipets Elena , Kopnenkova Daria , Morozova Daria , Melnikova Evgeniya , Rumyantsev Alexander , Ataullakhanov Fazoil
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Critically ill COVID-19 patients receiving prophylactic-dose antico-agulation exhibit high rates of thrombosis and mortality. Escalation of anticoagu-lation also does not reduce mortality and has an uncertain impact on the throm-bosis rates. The reasons why escalated doses fail to outperform prophylactic doses in reducing risks of thrombosis and death in critically ill COVID-19 patients remain unclear. We hypothesized that escalated anticoagulation would not ef-fectively prevent plasma hypercoagulability and, consequently, would not reduce the risk of thrombosis and death in some patients.
Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter study that enrolled 3860 COVID-19 patients, including 1654 critically ill. They received different doses of low-molecular-weight or unfractionated heparin, and their plasma coagulability was monitored with activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, and Throm-bodynamics. A primary outcome was plasma hypercoagulability detected by Thrombodynamics. Blood samples were collected at the trough level of antico-agulation.
Results: We found that escalated anticoagulation did not prevent hypercoagula-bility in 28.3% of critically ill patients at the trough level of the pharmacological activity. Critically ill patients with hypercoagulability not suppressed by anticoag-ulants had higher levels of inflammation markers and better creatinine clearance compared to critically ill patients without such hypercoagulability. Hypercoagu-lability detected by Thrombodynamics was associated with a 1.75-fold higher hazard rate for death and a 3.19-fold higher hazard rate for thrombosis. Elevated D-dimer levels were also associated with higher hazard rates for thrombosis and death, while shortened APTT were not. Simultaneous use of Thrombodynamics and D-dimer data enhanced the accuracy for predicting thrombotic events and fatal outcomes in critically ill patients.
Conclusions: Thrombodynamics reliably detected hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients and can be used in conjunction with D-dimer to assess the risk of thrombosis and death in critically ill patients. Pharmacological effect of LMWH at the trough level might be too low to prevent thrombosis in some critically ill pa-tients with severe inflammation and better creatinine clearance even if escalated doses are used.
MGGTSP-CAT: Integrating Temporal Patterns and LSTM for Multi-Scale Greenhouse Gas Time Series Prediction via Cross-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Wang Haozhe , Mei Yuqi , Ren Jingxuan
Published: February 2025

Accurate greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration forecasting is pivotal for evaluating climate policies, yet existing models face challenges in capturing multi-scale temporal patterns. To address this limitation, we propose MGGTSP-CAT, a novel multi-encoder framework that integrates daily and monthly data through an Input Attention encoder and an Autoformer encoder, enhanced by a Temporal Attention mechanism. Evaluated on NOAA datasets spanning five decades from Mauna Loa, Barrow, American Samoa, and Antarctica, MGGTSP-CAT outperforms 14 baseline models, achieving a Test_R² of 0.9627 and Test_MAPE of 1.47%. Crucially, the model demonstrates robustness in multi-step forecasting, with Test_R² declining by only 3.3% over ten steps—significantly lower than Transformer-based counterparts. These results underscore the framework’s capability to decouple short-term fluctuations from long-term trends, offering a reliable tool for cross-scale climate predictions and policy design.