bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment strategy that pre-empts plagiarism
Authors: McKillup Steve , McKillup Ruth
Published: July 2020

Undergraduate courses in human physiology and pathophysiology often include an essay as part of the continuous assessment, with the intention of giving students experience in independently researching and writing, as well as increasing their understanding of a particular topic. Unfortunately, many of these essay questions may actually foster plagiarism because they can be answered by providing a factual explanation, which is readily available in texts and on the Internet. We describe a strategy for pre-empting such plagiarism, called the 'hypothetical condition' essay, where the instructor invents a fictitious but entirely plausible physiological condition or concept which students must evaluate and discuss. Since no specific background material is available, the student has to research the relevant normal and abnormal physiology and then use their knowledge to logically speculate on the effects of the fictitious condition, so the opportunities for plagiarism are greatly reduced. The hypothetical condition essay was trialled with a second level undergraduate human pathophysiology class in 2007. No cases of plagiarism were detected in the bulk of the essay where students presented their logical arguments on the effects of the new condition. Nor did students appear to be disadvantaged, since there was no significant difference in either the mean, or the variance, of marks among years before and after the new assessment was used. The hypothetical condition essay also appeared to foster originality and critical thought, and we suggest the concept of this type of assessment could be applied in many fields.
Can we reliably determine intent in cases of plagiarism?
Authors: Yorke Jon , Lawson Kathryn , McMahon Graham
Published: July 2020

A review of the literature relating to plagiarism suggests that there is substantial variability in approach between institutions. Some institutions tend to view all occurrences of plagiarism as academic misconduct, whilst others take a more graded view – articulated through policy and procedures that aim to quantify 'levels' of severity. Measured approaches such as these tend to rely on guides to help assess the level of severity, typically encompassing the experience of the student, the amount of material plagiarised, and the likelihood of an intention to deceive. Such judgements lead to a graded response to the student which can result in a wide range of outcomes, from educational guidance and support to expulsion from the institution.

However, the intent to deceive can be extremely difficult to establish. This paper will draw on a desktop study of institutional policies and procedures in Australia and other countries to sample and summarise the myriad approaches to the definition and determination of (specifically) intent in plagiarism. Based on the findings of this review, we suggest that the treatment of intent is, at best, rather inconsistent. A series of 'probability factors' are proposed to guide further research in this area.
Measuring education majors' perceptions of academic misconduct: An item response theory perspective
Authors: Royal Kenneth D , Parrent Jonathon V , Clark Ryan P
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to construct a psychometric ruler that illustrates university undergraduate education majors' perceptions of academic misconduct. A survey consisting of 38 items that pertain to issues of academic misconduct were administered to an undergraduate sample at a large state university. Utilising Rasch measurement analyses to construct objective measures, students' responses were modeled along a truly linear and equal interval continuum to produce a hierarchy of perceived academic offenses. Results and policy implications are discussed.
Curriculum redesign as a faculty-centred approach to plagiarism reduction
Authors: Hrasky Sue , Kronenberg David
Published: July 2020

The incidence of plagiarism is increasing, exacerbated by the availability of many information sources via the internet. Traditional approaches for tackling plagiarism reflect two distinct philosophies: either educate the students or catch and punish inappropriate behaviour. Both philosophies assume that the responsibility for avoiding plagiarism is the studentâ€™s so that whenever a problem is encountered, the blame rests with the student. The Australian Universities Teaching Committee (AUTC), established by the Australian Government in 2000, recommended a strategy reflecting a philosophy of sharing the responsibility for countering plagiarism across the student, staff and the institution. A key component of this approach relates to assessment design, which is the key focus of this paper. Practices regarding assessment and other strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of plagiarism at the University of Tasmania are documented and staff attitudes regarding the effectiveness of these strategies are identified. Impediments to implementing assessment strategies are also considered. By identifying both the strategies that staff see as effective, as well as the barriers to their implementation, universities can be forewarned about attitudes, obstacles, and

associated resourcing implications that might be pertinent if the plagiarism response is to become a holistic one, in which all involved bear some responsibility.
How do faculty members respond to their students' discussions of academic misconduct and academic integrity?
Authors: Zivcakova Lucia , Wood Eileen , Baetz Mark , De Pasquale Domenica
Published: July 2020

The present study conducted a qualitative analysis of faculty members? perceptions, beliefs and instructional concerns regarding academic integrity in their classrooms following their observation of their students engaged in a 45-minute interactive presentation on academic integrity. Overall, seven overarching themes and a series of sub-themes were identified including the following: comfort level and knowledge about academic integrity issues (for faculty and for students), impressions about the interactive presentation, student engagement in the presentations, learning outcomes for faculty, safeguards against misconduct, and issues, consequences and proposed solutions to concerns. Key findings within these themes suggest that faculty members perceived themselves to be confident in their own understanding of what constitutes academic integrity; however, there were inconsistencies regarding whether their students had the requisite knowledge to make appropriate decisions. Faculty members were surprised by the frank and engaged interactions of their students during the interactive presentations. Only half of the faculty found the presentation content enhanced their own current knowledge. Faculty identified several methods they use to safeguard against academic misconduct, and identified the importance of both faculty and the institution providing a consistent and clear model to promote academic integrity in students. Discussion explores insights gained as a context for informing instructional practice.
Exploring Nigerian postgraduate students' experience of plagiarism: A phenomenographic case study
Authors: Orim Stella-Maris I , Davies John W , Borg Erik , Glendinning Irene
Published: July 2020

In light of the high number of Nigerian students who gain admission to overseas universities for postgraduate studies, there is an increasing need to understand their background and previous study experiences. There are few studies of the experiences or views of Nigerian postgraduate students about the concept of plagiarism. The occurrence of plagiarism in the writings of some Nigerian students who travel overseas for graduate studies, like that of other students studying in a new academic context, has become a concern in recent times. This paper aims to contribute to the current research on student plagiarism around the world by exploring the concept of plagiarism of Nigerian postgraduate students studying in a United Kingdom university. It presents results from a phenomenographic study which utilised semi-structured interviews to acquire data. In analysing the data, the views expressed by participants, the manner in which these were expressed and the context in which the views were expressed were paramount. Preconceived ideas were put aside while analysing the data, letting the data speak for itself rather than viewing the data from existing theoretical structures or presuppositions. The emerging themes were noted and comparative views of experiences were arrived at from pooling and comparing quotations across several participants. An outcome space was identified and the emerging overarching theme relating to their experiences was found to be the fear of not understanding the underlying concept of plagiarism. The students expressed deep concern about the simultaneous awareness of the need to acquire the requisite academic writing skills and utilising them, while being faced with coursework and looming submission deadlines. The results and their implications are discussed with regards to the studentsâ€™ adaptation and a way forward is proffered.
Feasibility of Assessing Economic and Sexual Risk Behaviors Using Text Message Surveys in African-American Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness and Unemployment: Single-Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jennings Mayo-Wilson Larissa , Glass Nancy E , Labrique Alain , Davoust Melissa , Ssewamala Fred M , Linnemayr Sebastian , Johnson Matthew W
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Text messages offer the potential to better evaluate HIV behavioral interventions using repeated longitudinal measures at a lower cost and research burden. However, they have been underused in US minority settings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the feasibility of assessing economic and sexual risk behaviors using text message surveys.

METHODS

We conducted a single-group study with 17 African-American young adults, aged 18-24 years, who were economically disadvantaged and reported prior unprotected sex. Participants received a text message survey once each week for 5 weeks. The survey contained 14 questions with yes-no and numeric responses on sexual risk behaviors (ie, condomless sex, sex while high or drunk, and sex exchange) and economic behaviors (ie, income, employment, and money spent on HIV services or products). Feasibility measures were the number of participants who responded to the survey in a given week, the number of questions to which a participant responded in each survey, and the number of hours spent from sending a survey to participants to receiving their response in a given week. One discussion group was used to obtain feedback.

RESULTS

Overall, 65% (n=11/17) of the participants responded to at least one text message survey compared with 35% (n=6/17) of the participants who did not respond. The majority (n=7/11, 64%) of the responders were women. The majority (n=4/6, 67%) of nonresponders were men. An average of 7.6 participants (69%) responded in a given week. Response rates among ever responders ranged from 64% to 82% across the study period. The mean number of questions answered each week was 12.6 (SD 2.7; 90% of all questions), ranging from 72% to 100%. An average of 6.4 participants (84%) answered all 14 text message questions in a given week, ranging from 57% to 100%. Participants responded approximately 8.7 hours (SD 10.3) after receiving the survey. Participants were more likely to answer questions related to employment, condomless sex, and discussions with sex partners. Nonresponse or skip was more often used for questions at the end of the survey relating to sex exchange and money spent on HIV prevention services or products. Strengths of the text message survey were convenience, readability, short completion time, having repeated measures over time, and having incentives.

CONCLUSIONS

Longitudinal text message surveys may be a valuable tool for assessing HIV-related economic and sexual risk behaviors.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03237871; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03237871
Fluctuation of Public Interest in COVID-19 in the United States: Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Search Data (Preprint)
Authors: Husain Iltifat , Briggs Blake , Lefebvre Cedric , Cline David M , Stopyra Jason P , O'Brien Mary Claire , Vaithi Ramupriya , Gilmore Scott , Countryman Chase
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

In the absence of vaccines and established treatments, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are fundamental tools to control coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission. NPIs require public interest to be successful. In the United States, there is a lack of published research on the factors that influence public interest in COVID-19. Using Google Trends, we examined the US level of public interest in COVID-19 and how it correlated to testing and with other countries.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine how public interest in COVID-19 in the United States changed over time and the key factors that drove this change, such as testing. US public interest in COVID-19 was compared to that in countries that have been more successful in their containment and mitigation strategies.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, Google Trends was used to analyze the volume of internet searches within the United States relating to COVID-19, focusing on dates between December 31, 2019, and March 24, 2020. The volume of internet searches related to COVID-19 was compared to that in other countries.

RESULTS

Throughout January and February 2020, there was limited search interest in COVID-19 within the United States. Interest declined for the first 21 days of February. A similar decline was seen in geographical regions that were later found to be experiencing undetected community transmission in February. Between March 9 and March 12, 2020, there was a rapid rise in search interest. This rise in search interest was positively correlated with the rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (6.3, 95% CI −2.9 to 9.7; P<.001). Within the United States, it took 52 days for search interest to rise substantially after the first positive case; in countries with more successful outbreak control, search interest rose in less than 15 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Containment and mitigation strategies require public interest to be successful. The initial level of COVID-19 public interest in the United States was limited and even decreased during a time when containment and mitigation strategies were being established. A lack of public interest in COVID-19 existed in the United States when containment and mitigation policies were in place. Based on our analysis, it is clear that US policy makers need to develop novel methods of communicating COVID-19 public health initiatives.
Efficacy of Electronic Acupuncture Shoes for Chronic Low Back Pain: Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Yeh Bo-Yan , Liu Geng-Hao , Lee Tzung-Yan , Wong Alice May-Kuen , Chang Hen-Hong , Chen Yu-Sheng
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic low back pain is a common problem and is associated with high costs, including those related to health care and indirect costs due to absence at work or reduced productivity. Previous studies have demonstrated that acupuncture or electroacupuncture can relieve low back pain. Electronic acupuncture shoes (EAS) are a novel device designed in this study. This device combines the properties of acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for clinical use.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of EAS in patients with chronic low back pain.

METHODS

In this prospective double-blinded randomized controlled study, the data of 83 patients who experienced chronic low back pain were analyzed. Patients came to our clinic for 20 visits and underwent assessment and treatment. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either EAS plus placebo nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (EAS group, n=42) or sham EAS plus NSAIDs (NSAID group, n=41). The visual analog scale (VAS) score and range of motion were assessed at baseline, before and after each EAS treatment, and 2 weeks after the last treatment. The time for achieving pain remission was recorded. Quality of life was assessed at the 2nd, 14th, and 20th visits.

RESULTS

After 6 weeks of treatment, the treatment success rate in each visit in the EAS group was higher than that in the NSAID group, as revealed by the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, but significant differences were observed only during the 16th visit in the ITT analysis (EAS group: 31/37, 84% and NSAID group: 21/34, 62%; P=.04). The change in the VAS score from baseline in each visit in the EAS group was greater than that in the NSAID group, as revealed by the ITT and PP analyses, and significant differences were observed in the 5th visit and 9th visit in the ITT analysis (P=.048 and P=.048, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the left rotation in the 2nd visit and 4th visit (P=.049 and P=.03, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the VAS score before and after treatment in each visit and in the quality of life in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

EAS might serve as a reliable alternative therapeutic tool for patients with chronic low back pain who are contraindicated for oral NSAIDs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02468297
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02468297
Effects of a web-based relapse prevention program on abstinence: secondary subgroup analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Takano Ayumi , Miyamoto Yuki , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Kawakami Norito
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The effect of a web-based relapse prevention program might vary depending on a specific population if the study participants included drug users who had various characteristics.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore subgroups that may receive benefits from a web-based relapse prevention program among Japanese drug users.

METHODS

Outpatients with drug use disorder (n=48) were randomly assigned to an eight-week, six-session web-based relapse prevention program (intervention group) or web-based self-monitoring only (control group). We tested the effects of the intervention on abstinence in different subgroups divided by a primary abused drug (methamphetamine vs. other drugs), previous face-to-face relapse prevention (received vs. not received), and outpatient treatment term (long-term: ≥ 3 years vs. short-term: < 3 years). Consecutive abstinence duration from the primary abused drug was compared in the subgroups, and the interaction between the intervention condition and the subgroup condition was assessed.

RESULTS

The interaction between the intervention condition and the subgroup condition was not significant for any subgroup. In the subgroup with short-term outpatient treatment and the subgroup of methamphetamine users, the intervention group maintained better abstinence than the control group (d=0.96), although the difference was non-significant.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that some outpatient subgroups such as patients with short-term treatment may benefit from a web-based program as an alternative treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network clinical trial registry (UMIN000016075).
Identifying Targets for Substance Use Prevention in Young People Exposed to Childhood Adversity: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Grummitt Lucinda Rachel , Kelly Erin Veronica , Barrett Emma Louise , Keyes Katherine M , Newton Nicola Clare
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent robust risk factors for the development of substance use problems. However, less is known about the causal mechanisms that explain these relationships. While directly preventing adverse childhood experiences is ideal, it is not always possible. In such cases, the mechanisms themselves may be amenable to intervention, allowing for the effective prevention of problematic substance use among children exposed to adversity. Identifying such mechanisms is therefore a critical step for efforts aiming to reduce the high individual and societal burdens associated with substance use globally.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize evidence on the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people (age 10-24 years).

METHODS

A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to determine the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in young people. Data from the review will be qualitatively synthesized, unless we identify a sufficient number of studies (at least five) that examine the same type of adversity (eg, physical or sexual abuse) and the same mediator/moderator, in which case a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be conducted. If a quantitative synthesis is warranted, standardized effect estimates of the indirect (mediated) effect between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes will be combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mediators/moderators will be grouped according to a socioecological perspective, using the four levels of individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/culture.

RESULTS

Electronic searches were completed in August 2019. A total of 4004 studies were included for screening after removing duplicates. After evaluating titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, a further 3590 studies were excluded, leaving 415 studies for full-text screening. The results of the review are expected to be available by December 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people are vital targets for substance use prevention efforts. This review will provide evidence to inform the development of prevention strategies in order to interrupt the negative life trajectory that can begin with childhood adversity.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020148773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020148773

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/22368
GWAS-Based Discoveries in IgA Nephropathy, Membranous Nephropathy, and Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Sanchez-Rodriguez Elena , Southard Christopher T. , Kiryluk Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful tool to understand the genetic basis of complex traits in humans. The GWAS approach has been successfully applied to primary glomerular disorders, providing numerous novel insights into the genetic architecture of IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. IgA nephropathy appears to have a highly complex polygenic architecture, with nearly 20 genome-wide significant loci of small-to-moderate effects discovered to date. In contrast, the genetic susceptibility to membranous nephropathy and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome appears to be driven by a small number of large-effect loci. The MHC locus on chromosome 6p21 is strongly associated with genetic susceptibility to all major types of immune-mediated glomerulopathies. However, a distinct set of classical HLA alleles is associated with each individual disease type, pinpointing to specific immune mechanisms underlying each of these conditions. Additional insights from the discovery of non-HLA risk loci reinforced the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of these disorders, and highlighted important susceptibility overlaps between glomerular and other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Despite these initial successes, much larger GWAS and sequencing studies are still needed for each individual glomerular disease type. Increased power will be critical to comprehensively test for genetic effects across the full spectrum of allelic frequencies, to detect gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and to potentially improve the performance of polygenic risk predictors. Moreover, the existing studies are limited mostly to European and East Asian populations, stressing the urgency to expand genetic discovery efforts to more diverse populations worldwide.
The Effect of NaOH Concentration and microwave exposure time to the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of Corn Cob
Authors: Winarsih Sri
Published: July 2020

Abstract.Currently ethanol produced from molasses, cassava and maize, thereby competing with the need for food, animals feed and other industrial raw materials, so that the supply of raw materials is not continuity. If this continues, it will certainly have an impact on food prices spike, it will create new problems on the economy of the community, and one of an alternative raw material for bioethanol production is cellulose biomass.To convert biomass into bioethanol through several stages, including pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. The content of lignin in biomass will disturb the enzymatic hydrolysis process, so it is necessary to encourage the delignification in the pretreatment stage. Microwave - alkali pretreatment can reduce more lignin and hemicellulose in rice straw, so it needs to be an effort to change the composition of lignocellulose and improve the hydrolysis of corn cob is fermented to become ethanol. Pretreatment of corn cobs research was done using randomized block design arranged in factorial and repeated 2 times. The first factor is the concentration of NaOH for 0,5 N, 1 N and 1,5N. The second factor is the time of exposure to microwave heat radiation for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The results showed that cellulose content increases with prolonged exposure concentrations of NaOH and microwave, as well as to the content of hemicellulose and lignin decreased along with the increase of exposure duration of Microwave and the increase of NaOH concentrations.
Assessment organic production of kyuri farms focuses on microbiological contamination with good agricultural practices (GAP) standard criteria.
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakaki Okta Pringga Pakpahan, Kenji Hosono
Published: July 2020

The assessment was based on interviews result and experiment laboratory assay with the three organic kyuri farmers in Saga City focus prevention activities of microbiological contamination. Each farm the 21 samples (soil, kyuri seedlings, natural fertilizer, and water resource) were taken during six times visited or one cultivation production cycle. The object was a focus on hygiene attribute (coliforms) and safety (Salmonella spp and E. coli O157: H7), the evaluation activities of farmers' food safety practice used GAP standard as an indicator. The laboratory results in both of three kyuri farmers, coliforms ranging from 3.0 to 4.7 log 10 cfu/g, E.coli O157: H7 was detected only at the farm 3 and Salmonella spp was not detected. The evaluating activities through self-assessment tool describe all three farms have two major hazards focus, one is chemical control such as synthetic substances uses, pesticide residue and chemical contaminations, two is a microbial hazard due to contact with raw material, and natural characteristics. The overall study, the farmers in the middle level of application food safety practice.
Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Assay Method by RP-HPLC for Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Fenofibrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Pimpale Awdhut , Kakde Rajendra
Published: July 2020

A Simple, precise, and accurate stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been established for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in combined bulk and tablet formulation. The chromatographic separation was performed on reverse phase Princeton (C18) (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column with mobile phase as a mixture of water (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile in the ratio (40:60) v/v at the flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at wavelength 240 nm. The retention time under the optimized condition of Rosuvastatin calcium and Fenofibrate was found to be 2.485 & 3.905 minutes respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 6-16 µg/ml and 87-232 µg/ml for rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and 0.9994 respectively. Relative standard deviation values for all key parameters were less than 2.0%. The percentage recovery was found to be 99.66-100.37% and 99.13-100.44% for rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate respectively. The developed reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, linear, accurate, precise, and economical, and could be used for regular quality control of rosuvastatin calcium and fenofibrate in bulk and tablet formulations. 

Keywords: Rosuvastatin calcium, Fenofibrate, RP-HPLC, Method validation, ICH guidelines.
Study of the Chelating Ability of Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanolic Root Extracts from Algerian Phragmites australis Species
Authors: Sellal Abdelhakim , Belattar Rima
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Heavy metals that enter organisms can cause illness and disease. Chelation therapy is a solution that uses chelating agents to protect these organisms by high accumulation. Materials and methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the capability of different roots extracts from reed or EDTA (as standard) to complexate iron using, ferrozine-ferrous reducing assay or Zn and Cu using the murexide-Zn or Cu reducing assay in vitro. Results: the results proved that the organic phase of the first extract and EDTA (standard chelator), have the strongest chelation activities with respective rates of 70% and 97% for iron, 55% and 56% for zinc and 47% and 88% for copper compared to the control groups considered to be 100% of the complexation. Finally, the HPLC analysis showed the presence of six organic acids, which are probably responsible for this effect. Conclusion: The hexane extract and EDTA (standard), have the strongest chelation activities.

Keywords: Phragmites australis, Chelation, Heavy metals, Organic acids, Ferrozine, Murexide.
WANITA SALAT BERJAMAAH DI MASJID (KAJIAN TEORI DOUBLE MOVEMENT TERHADAP AYAT 33 SURAH AHZAB DAN NAS-NAS TERKAIT)
Authors: Muhammmad Agus Andika Al Yasa’ Abubakar
Published: July 2020

Permasalahan keluarnya seorang wanita dari rumah untuk berbagai kegiatan telah ada larangan dalam Alquran surah al-Ahzab ayat 33 jika dipahami secara umum.  Hal ini juga disebutkan dalam hadis riwayat ibnu khuzaimah bahwa seorang wanita merupakan aurat yang tidak selayaknya keluar terlebih tanpa adanya yang mendampingi. Namun  ada hadis lain yang yang diriwayatkan dari Abu Hurairah yang menyatakan bahwa seorang suami tidak boleh melarang istrinya mendekati rumah Allah. Lantas bagaimana hukum wanita salat berjamaah di masjid berdasarkan Teori Double Movement terhadap ayat 33 surah al-Ahzab dan nas-nas terkait. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah Library Research.Dalam kasus wanita salat berjamaah di masjid, klausa mengenai mengangkat derajat perempuan dan memberi kesempatan kepada perempuan untuk ikut dalam ruang publik harus mendapat perhatian dan ditetapkan memiliki kepentingan mendasar.Lebih jauh, melalui teori double movement dapat di pahami bahwa dalam kasus tersebut, Alquran berkehendak untuk memaksimalkan kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, dan untuk tujuan ini dinyatakan bahwa suatu kebebasan perempuan dalam ranah publik secara normal adalah ideal. Kata Kunci: Wanita Salat Berjamaah, Masjid dan Double Movement.
A CAIXA ESQUECIDA DA INFÂNCIA DE COETZEE
Authors: Botton André Natã Mello
Published: July 2020

O romance autobiográfico Infância, de J. M. Coetzee, apresenta-nos um narrador estruturado a partir de uma terceira pessoa; em vários momentos da narrativa está completamente alheio e “fora” dos fatos narrados, além de que a criança é vista sobre a ótica do narrador adulto. Da mesma forma, em algumas fotos tiradas pelo autor durante 1955 e 1956, percebemos semelhanças entre o narrador textual de Infância e o narrador imagético do acervo fotográfico. Com isso, pretendemos ao longo deste ensaio fazer uma aproximação entre os dois narradores, acionando conceitos de “narrador”, “memória” e “fotografia” para perceber como os fatos narrados são apresentados ao leitor. Ao mesmo tempo, pretendemos avaliar, à luz do estudo de Aleida Assmann (2011), a importância da caixa com negativos de fotografias tiradas por J. M. Coetzee e que também retratam momentos de sua infância.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: autobiografia; memória; fotografia; Infância.
CHICO HARD: DE PAPEL, TINTA, LUZ, CÂMERA E AÇÃO
Authors: Costa Danielle Ferreira
Published: July 2020

Este artigo examina as produções literárias do “Chico hard, de tinta e papel” e como o processo de travessia, ou transposição de linguagens, presente em suas estruturas narrativas, configura a assinatura do seu novo projeto de escritura. Para tanto, optamos por um estudo comparado que acontece em três diferentes frentes: na primeira, ao problematizar categorias como tradução, assinatura e escritura, buscamos mapear as categorias de pensamento que dão aporte teórico para o trabalho estético empreendido por Chico Buarque. Na segunda, objetivamos demonstrar como a estrutura narrativa do romance Budapeste constrói-se por meio de uma metáfora do espelho, na qual o cinema se apresenta como o duplo da literatura. Por fim, problematizamos de que forma as narrativas de Chico Buarque podem ser metonímia de uma cartografia literária brasileira contemporânea que se caracteriza, principalmente, pelos intensos processos de travessias e quebra de fronteiras.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Travessia; Assinatura; Prosa de Chico Buarque.
O TEXTO COMO TECIDO NARRATIVO E O IMAGINÁRIO DAS ROUPAS NA OBRA DE ANAÏS NIN
Authors: Ferreira Cinara , Cardozo Camila Nascimento
Published: July 2020

O texto literário, para Roland Barthes (2010), é como um tecido, no qual vários elementos da narrativa compõem uma trama que enreda tanto o escritor quanto o leitor. Os detalhes descritivos presentes no tecido narrativo também produzem significação, embora aparentemente tenham menor importância. (BARTHES, 1972). Partindo destes pressupostos, em uma abordagem barthesiana, este trabalho propõe uma busca por significados nos detalhes descritivos em narrativas de Anaïs Nin e a relação entre literatura, moda e imaginário. Os elementos que constituem a pedra de toque deste trabalho são fragmentos de alguns contos de Anaïs Nin, referentes aos trajes das personagens, bem como do romance Henry & June (2014). Analiso como estes elementos contribuem na caracterização das personagens e contextualização das narrativas, passando pela relação entre roupas, tecidos e erotismo, contexto histórico e traços de personalidade, considerando os próprios textos como tecidos, como propõe Barthes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: moda; narrativa; tecido.
Audit Quality and Disclosures of Less-Experienced Participating Audit Firms in PCAOB Filings
Authors: Dee Carol Callaway , Lulseged Ayalew , Zhang Tianming
Published: July 2020

In “Who Did the Audit? Audit Quality and Disclosures of Other Audit Participants in PCAOB Filings” (Dee, Lulseged, and Zhang 2015), we examine quality for issuer audits disclosed as involving less-experienced “participating auditors.” We find that market prices of these issuers reacted negatively at the time of disclosure, and investors' valuations of their post-disclosure quarterly earnings declined; investors have greater uncertainty in the numbers reported. In addition, the quality of the reported earnings is lower. However, we do not see a subsequent increase in audit fees, which suggests clients do not increase demands for higher quality to counteract the uncertainty in investors' perceptions of audit quality. Since our sample is limited to less-experienced participating auditors, the results are not readily generalizable to the universe of participating auditors. Future research using Form AP data can explore if our findings are generalizable to issuer audits involving the wider population of participating auditors.
Systems-Thinking in Complex Audit Situations
Authors: Brewster Billy E. , Bucaro Anthony C.
Published: July 2020

This article summarizes three academic studies (Brewster 2011; Brewster 2016; Bucaro 2019) that investigate the effects of a specific form of critical thinking, systems-thinking, on audit judgments. Systems-thinking emphasizes taking a holistic “big picture” perspective and understanding how parts of complex processes interact and function. Collectively, the three studies find that systems-thinking can lead to auditors better understanding the risk of material misstatement through improved risk assessment and information processing. Ultimately, these improvements in critical thinking also increase the likelihood of identifying incorrect management explanations and incorporation of comprehensive information into audit decisions. Importantly, these studies find that systems-thinking can be instilled through short tutorial sessions, which may be embedded directly into the audit process.
Subjective Performance Evaluation and Forward-Looking Implications: The Role of Supervisor Incentives
Authors: Hao Jong-Yu Paula
Published: July 2020

In this study, I examine whether supervisors respond to their own preferences in subjective performance evaluation under a forced distribution system (FDS). Using a proprietary, archival dataset in a car dealership, I find that subjective evaluations are higher when longer supervisor-subordinate relationships exist, whereas subjective evaluations are lower when greater supervisor-subordinate age differences exist. The empirical evidence also indicates that subjective evaluations predict promotions and future performance of the employees, implying that the use of subjectivity allows supervisors to incorporate the forward-looking information of employee performance despite its potential biases. This study contributes to the literature by focusing on the performance appraisal based on the FDS and documenting the impact of supervisor incentives on subjective performance evaluation.

Data Availability: Data used in this study cannot be made public due to a confidentiality agreement.
Cardiovascular Determinants of Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gulsin Gaurav S. , Henson Joseph , Brady Emer M. , Sargeant Jack A. , Wilmot Emma G. , Athithan Lavanya , Htike Zin Z. , Marsh Anna-Marie , Biglands John D. , Kellman Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Webb David , Davies Melanie J. , Yates Thomas , McCann Gerry P.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess the relationship between subclinical cardiac dysfunction and aerobic exercise capacity (peak VO2) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a group at high risk of developing heart failure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Cross-sectional study. We prospectively enrolled a multiethnic cohort of asymptomatic adults with T2D and no history, signs, or symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched control subjects were recruited for comparison. Participants underwent bioanthropometric profiling, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance with adenosine stress perfusion imaging. Multivariable linear regression analysis was undertaken to identify independent associations between measures of cardiovascular structure and function and peak VO2.

RESULTS

A total of 247 adults with T2D (aged 51.8 ± 11.9 years, 55% males, 37% black or south Asian ethnicity, HbA1c 7.4 ± 1.1% [57 ± 12 mmol/mol], and duration of diabetes 61 [32–120] months) and 78 control subjects were included. Subjects with T2D had increased concentric left ventricular remodeling, reduced myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR), and markedly lower aerobic exercise capacity (peak VO2 18.0 ± 6.6 vs. 27.8 ± 9.0 mL/kg/min; P < 0.001) compared with control subjects. In a multivariable linear regression model containing age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure, only MPR (β = 0.822; P = 0.006) and left ventricular diastolic filling pressure (E/e′) (β = −0.388; P = 0.001) were independently associated with peak VO2 in subjects with T2D.

CONCLUSIONS

In a multiethnic cohort of asymptomatic people with T2D, MPR and diastolic function are key determinants of aerobic exercise capacity, independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, or blood pressure.
Aplicación de un Modelo de Balance Social en una Universitaria Pública Chilena
Authors: Bustamante-Ubilla Miguel , Campos-Troncoso Roberto
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo confirma la aplicación de un Balance de Responsabilidad Social en una Universidad Pública chilena, perteneciente al Consorcio de Universidades Estatales de Chile, CRUCH. Para ello metodológicamente se identificaron los grupos de variables relevantes que se relacionan con las instituciones de educación superior, seguido de las variables e indicadores que definen dichos grupos. Adicionalmente, se determinó la evolución, en dos años consecutivos de variables e indicadores, a fin de medir los avances o retrocesos de la responsabilidad social en la universidad pública seleccionada. Los resultados dieron cuenta que, efectivamente fue posible y se logró aplicar un Balance Social en una Universidad Pública, identificando 20 variables que evolucionan de un total de 27 definidas para su aplicación. El resultado de este Balance arrojó un saldo de contribución social de U.S. 46,0620, Unidades de Estándar de Satisfacción Social (UESS) confirmando que la Universidad contribuye aportando beneficios netos como expresión de su Responsabilidad Social.
A rejtelmes dolomit
Authors: Haas János , Hips Kinga
Published: July 2020

A dolomit első leírása óta eltelt több mint két évszázad alatt e fontos karbonátos kőzetfajta képződésének körülményeit illetően igen lényeges tudományos eredmények születettek, és ezek alapján tudományosan megalapozott képződési modellek váltak ismertté. Hosszú vitákat követően általánosan elfogadott lett, hogy a kiterjedt dolomit kőzettestek mészüledékekből vagy mészkövekből ásványhelyettesítéssel jöttek létre, továbbá az, hogy a dolomit ásvány a kőzetek pórusaiban cementként is kiválik. A cikk rövid áttekintést ad a dolomitkutatás történetének legfontosabb állomásairól bemutatva a képződési viszonyok tisztázásának nehézségeit, problémáit és azt is, hogy milyen koncepciók merültek fel a megfigyelt jelenségek magyarázatára, továbbá, hogy egy-egy új felismerés, megfigyelés nyomán milyen képződési modelleket javasoltak. A cikk bemutatja a dolomit kőzetfajták alapvető litológiai, petrográfiai és geokémiai jellegeit és az azok megfigyelésére, mérésére leggyakrabban alkalmazott vizsgálati módszereket. Áttekintést ad a dolomitképződés általános feltételeiről, legfontosabb folyamatairól a jelenlegi ismeretek szerint és vázolja a különböző szedimentációs (tavi és tengeri) környezetekben és diagenetikus (sekély-, köztes és mélybetemetődési) tartományokban végbemenő dolomitképződési folyamatokat. A cikk második része áttekinti a hazánkban előforduló dolomit kőzetfajtákat és tömören ismertet néhány esettanulmányt is a dolomit kőzetfajtákban igen gazdag Dunántúli-középhegység, valamint a Tiszai főegység területéről. Az esettanulmányok azt is demonstrálják, hogy minden dolomitosodott kőzettest más és más sajátságokat mutat, amelyek gyakran több stádiumú folyamatsor eredményeként jöttek létre. Ezeket elsősorban a befogadó képződmény jellegei, a dolomitosodási folyamatok egymásutánisága, valamint lokális tektonikai és regionális geodinamikai tényezők határozzák meg.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DO PARQUE ECOLÓGICO DA LAGOA DA JANSEN, SÃO LUÍS-MA
Authors: MENDES SILVA PALOMA DAYCY , Chaves Silva Marilena , Vieira Leitão Scarleth Karolyne , Pires Muniz Ana Valéria
Published: July 2020

As Unidades de Conservação são áreas protegidas legalmente por possuírem rica biodiversidade local, são apontadas por muitos científicas como, futuramente, únicas áreas com cobertura vegetal em países do mundo. A partir desse contexto, surge a relação entre esse tipo de área e a urbanização que ocorre de maneira cada vez mais acentuada, a preocupação para que esses ambientes sejam realmente protegidos dos diversos impactos ambientais urbanos tem sido objeto de estudo a embasam a presente pesquisa. Para entender a relação de áreas ambientais protegidas dentro do contexto urbano que a grande maioria delas engloba, tomou-se como objeto de estudo o Parque Ecológico da Lagoa da Jansen, situado na área urbana de São Luís-MA. A área de estudo foi analisada a partir de visitas in loco para entender e explicar a paisagem existente atualmente bem como foi fundamental o levantamento de bibliografia específica para fundamentar as análises realizadas. A partir das observações apontadas e análises feitas, chegou-se ao levantamento dos principais problemas enfrentados na Unidade de Conservação, levando em consideração aspectos ambientais e sociais, visto que a área possui como circunvizinhança uma parte da população com maior poder aquisitivo da região enquanto a outra vive em situação de extrema pobreza. Todas as características descritas pela pesquisa permitiram apontar algumas obras, projetos e programas que se aplicados na área podem auxiliar nos principais impactos levantados.
EFEKTIVITAS MENULIS CERITA PENDEK DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING PADA MAHAMAHASISWA SEMESTER IV PBSI STKIP PELITA BANGSA BINJAI TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: LUMBANBATU LASPINTA
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen dengan  penerapan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping  oleh mahamahasiswa semester  IV Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Satra Indonesia STKIP Pelita Bangsa Binjai  Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen pre-test post-test design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahamahasiswa semester  IV STKIP Pelita Bangsa Binjai  Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017. Mahasiswa dengan skor 70-75 akan dijadikan sebagai sampel. Dari sampel yang homogen  ini secara random diambil sebanyak 40 orang menjadi sampel penelitian.  Sampel yang paling cocok digunakan adalah berjumlah 40 orang. Data dianalisis untuk menguji hipotesis dengan rumus statistik uji-t. Dalam pengolahan data terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji persyaratan dengan uji normalitas data dengan menggunakan uji Liliefors dan uji homogenitas. Berdasarkan uji normalitas diperoleh Luntuk pretes sebesar 0,125 dan postes 0,1163 dengan L sebesar 0,1402 sehingga L  < L dan hal ini membuktikan bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Selanjutnya uji homogenitas pretes diperoleh  F=1,03 dan F=1,69 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data penelitian dinyatakan homogen karena F< F. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh yaitu t  > t yaitu 9,00 > 2,02 pada taraf signifikan 5% dan 9,00 > 2,71 pada taraf signifikan 1%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa hipotesis alternatif diterima. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran mind mapping memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Kesimpulan, penerapan model pembelajaran mind mapping dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen oleh mahasiswa kelas semester  IV Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Satra Indonesia STKIP Pelita Bangsa Binjai  Tahun Pembelajaran 2016/2017.Kata Kunci: Mind Mapping, Cerita Pendek, Efektivitas  Menulis