bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualized rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin dosing in adult haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with high‐risk hematologic malignancy: Exposure–response analysis and population pharmacokinetics simulations
Authors: Teramoto Masahiro , Takahashi Takuto , Matsumoto Kana , Jaber Mutaz , Kaida Katsuji , Tamaki Hiroya , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Yoshihara Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies with non‐remission disease and/or prior post‐transplant relapse have poor relapse‐free survival. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of haploidentical reduced‐intensity HCT regimen with glucocorticoid‐based graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. We recently showed a possible association between rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) exposure and acute GVHD (aGVHD) risk, leading to hypothesize that optimization of rATG exposure may further improve this regimen. We retrospectively examined the exposure–response association of rATG and key clinical outcomes post haploidentical HCT. We subsequently developed an individualized rATG dosing that optimizes rATG exposure using a previously developed population pharmacokinetic model. Of the 103 patients analyzed, the median age was 47 years (range: 17–70) and majority had a non‐remission disease prior to HCT (88%). rATG concentration on day 0 of HCT (Cday_0) was the strongest predictor of Grade 2–4 aGVHD through day +100. Patients with Cday_0 ≥ 20 μg/mL had an approximately 3‐fold lower risk of Grade 2–4 aGVHD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.62) and Grade 3–4 aGVHD (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.68) as well as an approximately 2‐fold lower risk of overall mortality (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.77) and relapse (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.94). In conclusion, this reduced‐intensity haploidentical HCT regimen with exposure‐optimized rATG may provide a promising option to patients undergoing high‐risk HCT for hematologic malignancy. The developed rATG dosing warrant prospective validation.
Fragile X syndrome in the largest world clustering. I. Genetic epidemiology and founder effect outline
Authors: Ramírez‐Cheyne Julián , López Diana , Payán‐Gómez César , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio , Saldarriaga Wilmar
Published: January 2024

The FMR1 5′ regulation gene region harbors a CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion (CGG‐TRE) that causes Fragile X syndrome (FXS) when it expands to more than 200 repetitions. Ricaurte is a small village in southwestern Colombia, with an FXS prevalence of 1 in 38 men and 1 in 100 women (~100 times higher than the worldwide reported prevalence), defining Ricaurte as the largest FXS cluster in the world. In the present study, using next‐generation sequencing of whole exome capture, we genotype 55 individuals from Ricaurte (49 with either full mutation or with premutation), four individuals from neighboring villages (with either the full mutation or with the premutation), and one unaffected woman, native of Ricaurte, who did not belong to any of the affected families. With advanced clustering and haplotype reconstruction, we modeled a common haplotype of 33 SNPs spanning 83,567,899 bp and harboring the FMR1 gene. This reconstructed haplotype was found in all the men from Ricaurte who carried the expansion, demonstrating that the genetic conglomerate of FXS in this population is due to a founder effect. The definition of this founder effect and its population outlining will allow a better prediction, follow‐up, precise and personalized characterization of epidemiological parameters, better knowledge of the disease's natural history, and confident improvement of the clinical attention, life quality, and health interventions for this community.
Highly Selective Lithium Transport through Crown Ether Pillared Angstrom Channels
Authors: Ye Tingyan , Gao Hongfei , Li Qi , Liu Nannan , Liu Xueli , Jiang Lei , Gao Jun
Published: January 2024

Biological ion channels use the synergistic effects of various strategies to realize highly selective ion sieving. For example, potassium channels use functional groups and angstrom‐sized pores to discriminate rival ions and enrich target ions. Inspired by this, we constructed a layered crystal pillared by crown ether that incorporates these strategies to realize high Li+ selectivity. The pillared channels and crown ether have an angstrom‐scale size. The crown ether specifically allows the low‐barrier transport of Li+. The channels attract and enrich Li+ ions by up to orders of magnitude. As a result, our material sieves Li+ out of various common ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+. Moreover, by spontaneously enriching Li+ ions, it realizes an effective Li+/Na+ selectivity of 1422 in artificial seawater where the Li+ concentration is merely 25 μM. We expect this work to spark technologies for the extraction of lithium and other dilute metal ions.
Pentazolate Anion: A Rare and Preferred Five‐Membered Ligand for Constructing Pentasil‐Zeolite Topology Architectures
Authors: Cao Yuteng , Liu Yu , Zhang Wenquan
Published: January 2024

As the fourth full‐nitrogen structure, the pentazolate anion (cyclo‐N5−) was highly coveted for decades. In 2017, the first air‐stable non‐metal pentazolate salt, (N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4Cl, was obtained, representing a milestone in this field. As the latest member of the azole family, cyclo‐N5− is comprised of five nitrogen atoms. Although significant attention has been paid to the potential of cyclo‐N5− as an energetic material, its poor thermostability hinders any practical application. However, the unique ring structure and multiple coordination capability of cyclo‐N5− provide a platform for the fabrication of various structures, among which pentasil‐zeolite topologies are the most intriguing. In addition, the introduction of structure‐directing auxiliaries enables the self‐assembly of diverse topological architectures, potentially imparting cyclo‐N5− with the potential to impact wide‐ranging areas of coordination chemistry and topology. In this minireview, different pentasil‐zeolite topologies based on metal‐pentazolate frameworks are evaluated. To date, three zeolitic and zeolite‐like topologies have been reported, namely the melanophlogite (MEP), chibaite (MTN), and unj topologies. The MEP topology consists of two nanocages, Na20N60 and Na24N60, whereas the MTN topology contains Na20N60 and Na28N80 nanocages. Furthermore, the unj topology features multiple homochiral channels consisting of two helical chains. Various possible strategies for obtaining additional pentasil‐zeolite topologies are also discussed.
How the Length of Through‐Space Conjugation Influences the Clusteroluminescence of Oligo(Phenylene Methylene)s
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiong Zuping , Zhi Sun Jing , Huang Feihe , Zhang Haoke , Zhong Tang Ben
Published: January 2024

The length and mode of conjugation directly affect the molecular electronic structure, which has been extensively studied in through‐bond conjugation (TBC) systems. Corresponding research greatly promotes the development of TBC‐based luminophores. However, how the length and mode of through‐space conjugation (TSC), one kind of weak interaction, influence the photophysical properties of non‐conjugated luminophores remains a relatively unexplored field. Here, we unveil a non‐linear relationship between TSC length and emission characteristics in non‐conjugated systems, in contrast to the reported proportional correlation in TBC systems. More specifically, oligo(phenylene methylene)s (OPM[4]‐OPM[7]) exhibit stronger TSC and prominent blue clusteroluminescence (CL) (≈440 nm) compared to shorter counterparts (OPM[2] and OPM[3]). OPM[6] demonstrates the highest solid‐state quantum yield (40 %), emphasizing the importance of balancing flexibility and rigidity. Further theoretical calculations confirmed that CL of these oligo(phenylene methylene)s was determined by stable TSC derived from the inner rigid Diphenylmethane (DPM) segments within the oligomers instead of the outer ones. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and adds a new dimension to the understanding of TSC‐based luminophores in non‐conjugated systems.
Design strategy of poly (L‐lactic acid) mixed braided stent: The influence of braiding ratio of thick and thin monofilaments
Authors: Zhang Chen , Hu Xue , Wang Bin , Liu Wentao , Liu Jinbo , Wu Gensheng , Cheng Jie , Ni Zhonghua , Zhao Gutian
Published: January 2024

For the design of polymer stents, supportability and flexibility are two important indexes, but they are often difficult to balance. The mixed braiding of monofilaments with different diameters provides a potential solution to balance these two indices. In this study, the influence of mixed braiding on the mechanical properties of the stent was further explored by adjusting the knitting ratio of thick and thin monofilaments. By replacing the monofilaments in the stent with monofilaments with smaller diameters in turn, the changing trend of supportability and flexibility is obtained. The results show that, when the number of thick monofilaments is greater than or equal to that of thin monofilaments, the supportability of the stent can not only be maintained but also the flexibility can be greatly improved. Therefore, mixed braiding has the function of adjusting supportability and flexibility.
Microscopic and Spectroscopic Analysis of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Hard Carbon Composite Anodes in 1 M NaPF6/Diglyme
Authors: Palanisamy Krishnaveni , Daboss Sven , Romer Jan , Schäfer David , Rohnke Marcus , Flowers Jackson K. , Fuchs Stefan , Stein Helge S. , Fichtner Maximilian , Kranz Christine
Published: January 2024

The formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on HC composite electrodes plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance and operational stability of sodium (Na+) ion batteries. It has been demonstrated that for HC anodes improved electrochemical performance, e. g., increase in coulombic efficiency (CE) and improved rate performance have been achieved in ether‐based electrolytes. Here, we investigate spray‐coated HC composite electrodes charged at low and high current rates in 1 M sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) in diglyme using half‐cell experiments. The pristine and cycled HC anodes were examined in terms of conductivity and their electrochemical properties after cycling. In 1 M NaPF6 ether‐based electrolyte, the spray‐coated HC composite electrodes (film thickness approx. 22.0 μm with an active mass loading of approx. 2.0 mg cm−2) reached a discharge capacity of 431 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C that stays constant for 40 cycles, which is substantially higher than that obtained in carbonate‐based electrolytes. We investigated the formed interphase using conductive atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), revealing distinct differences for longer cycling and at varying current rates which indicates that the properties of the formed SEI layers are influenced by the formation conditions.
Biodiesel production in India: Prospects, challenges, and sustainable directions
Authors: Damian Christopher Selvam , Devarajan Yuvarajan , Jayabal Ravikumar
Published: January 2024

Biodiesel has the potential to serve as a feasible substitute for fossil fuels in many sectors, including transportation and internal combustion engines, without requiring extensive modifications. UsinHemg alternative energy sources, including biodiesel, is necessary to effectively tackle the growing demand predominantly observed in the transportation sector. This review is aimed to examine the technological progress, potential benefits, obstacles, and prospects associated with using biodiesel in India. India exhibits a significant potential for biodiesel production due to the abundance of various biofuel crops within its territory. The information supplied includes recent information from official government reports and literature. Collaborative efforts among all stakeholders in the energy industry can achieve the realization of reducing imports of petroleum‐based fuel. However, it is essential to consider several significant elements specific to the Indian context when considering the utilization of biodiesel. The reported findings in this research are expected to shed light on the current and prospects of biodiesel deployment in India.
Capital sentencing and neuropsychiatry
Authors: Brakel Samuel Jan , Tucker Douglas E.
Published: January 2024

The neuropsychiatric contribution to capital sentencing proceedings has grown substantially in recent decades as the consideration of neurological and psychiatric factors in criminal behavior has been increasingly accepted as relevant to the quest for justice. This review article will focus on the legal theories underlying neuropsychiatric input into capital sentencing decisions, as well as some of the investigative techniques and resulting data which may be offered by forensic neuropsychiatrists in this context. The death penalty is unique in its severity and irreversibility, as the courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have noted repeatedly. “Death is different,” and the recognition of this has generated a set of court decisions and statutes pertinent specifically to capital proceedings, both procedural and substantive.
Artificial intelligence for oral squamous cell carcinoma detection based on oral photographs: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: de Chauveron Jérôme , Unger Max , Lescaille Géraldine , Wendling Laurent , Kurtz Camille , Rochefort Juliette
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents a significant global health challenge. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision holds promise for the early detection of OSCC through the analysis of digitized oral photographs. This literature review explores the landscape of AI‐driven OSCC automatic detection, assessing both the performance and limitations of the current state of the art.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search using several data base was conducted, and a systematic review performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023441416).

Results

Several studies have demonstrated remarkable results for this task, consistently achieving sensitivity rates exceeding 85% and accuracy rates surpassing 90%, often encompassing around 1000 images. The review scrutinizes these studies, shedding light on their methodologies, including the use of recent machine learning and pattern recognition approaches coupled with different supervision strategies. However, comparing the results from different papers is challenging due to variations in the datasets used.

Discussion

Considering these findings, this review underscores the urgent need for more robust and reliable datasets in the field of OSCC detection. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of advanced techniques such as multi‐task learning, attention mechanisms, and ensemble learning as crucial tools in enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity of OSCC detection through oral photographs.

Conclusion

These insights collectively emphasize the transformative impact of AI‐driven approaches on early OSCC diagnosis, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and healthcare practices.
Application of Preformed Floc Adsorbents in the Removal of Acid Dye from an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nijagala Munilakshmi , Vallameti Uday Kumar
Published: January 2024

Preformed flocs prepared by using coagulants, i.e. Fe2(SO4)3, MnSO4.4H2O, and MnCl2.4H2O, were applied as adsorbents for the decolorization of an aqueous C.I. Acid Red 1 dye solution. In order to determine the decolorizing efficiency of different adsorbents, kinetic and equilibrium studies were carried out at the optimum pH. Excellent color removal of 87 % was obtained with Fe2(SO4)3 at pH 4, good color removal of 65 % was achieved with manganese sulfate at pH 10, and moderate color removal of 58 % was obtained with manganese chloride at pH 10, at an optimum sorbent dose of 500 mg L−1 and an equilibrium contact time of 15 min. The sorption data of the equilibrium studies fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm, stating the occurrence of monolayer formation in the adsorption process of dye color removal. The maximum adsorption capacities of ferric sulfate and manganese sulfate are 47.619 and 23.474 mg g−1, respectively. The data of the kinetic studies fitted well to the pseudo‐second‐order equation, stating that chemisorption is the rate‐limiting step.
“Fluorine Effects” in Conformational Orchestration of α/β Hybrid Peptide with a 9‐membered Pseudo β‐Turn Motif
Authors: Patel Karma , Karmakar Sintu , Tothadi Srinu , Reddy J Prakasha , Prabhakaran Panchami
Published: January 2024

Fluorine, the tiny robust atom, with its unique features has captured the attention of scientists in recent times, especially in drug discovery with its integration in small molecules, peptides, and proteins. However, studies to understand the ‘fluorine effects’ on the conformation of molecules that follow ‘beyond the rule of 5’ are in the infancy yet significant in molecular design and function. For the first time, using short hybrid peptide sequence as an appropriate model, we examined the substitution effect (size, stereoelectronic effect, and hydrogen bonding) using X‐ray diffraction, 2D‐NMR, and CD studies. The comparative study on their folding patterns with hydrogen‐substituted analogs can provide valuable insights into fluorinated substrates’ design.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor use and the incidence of hepatitis B virus reactivation or immune‐related hepatitis in non–small cell lung cancer patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hong Joohyun , Lee Jiyun , Park Sehhoon , Jung Hyun‐Ae , Sun Jong‐Mu , Lee Se‐Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Sinn Dong Hyun , Ahn Myung‐Ju
Published: January 2024

Background

The safety of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been thoroughly investigated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). The authors analyzed the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, immune‐related hepatitis and jaundice in NSCLC patients in a real‐world setting.

Methods

A total of 1277 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were analyzed. Among them, 52 patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) (group A, CHB), 759 patients were HBsAg (–)/hepatitis B core antibody immunoglobulin G (anti‐HBc IgG) (+) (group B, OBI), and 466 patients were HBsAg (–)/anti‐HBc IgG (–) (group C). Among the 52 patients with CHB, 38 (73.1%) were receiving antiviral therapy. The primary end point was HBV reactivation, immune‐related hepatitis, and jaundice. The secondary end points included other immune‐related adverse events and efficacy.

Results

HBV reactivation was observed in two patients (0.2%) who were both in group A (CHB). Among CHB patients who were not receiving antiviral therapy, HBV reactivation was observed in 14.3% (2 of 14 patients). The incidences of immune‐related hepatitis and jaundice were comparable among the three groups. The incidence of ≥grade 3 other immune‐related adverse events and efficacy were all comparable among the three groups (p > .05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions

In this large, real‐world cohort study, the safety and efficacy of ICIs were comparable in patients with CHB and OBI. HBV reactivation was observed in patients with CHB without antiviral therapy indicating antiviral prophylaxis should be required for them. For patients with OBI, the risk of HBV reactivation was minimal.
Critical insights into the evolving drug‐approval process in China
Authors: Nikanjam Mina , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2024

Efforts have been put forward to improve the therapeutic development process in China, and more novel therapies have been approved in recent years. It is important to develop and test novel therapies in China given differences in metabolism and tolerance compared with other populations.
Recent advances and perspective on transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for efficient electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mu Yidan , Ma Rongpeng , Xue Shoufeng , Shang Huaifang , Lu Wenbo , Jiao Lifang
Published: January 2024

The development of advanced technology for producing high‐purity and low‐cost hydrogen is crucial for the upcoming hydrogen economy. One of the most promising technologies to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality is hydrogen production through water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy. However, the efficiency of water electrolysis is limited by the catalyst material employed, thereby the pursuit of highly efficient catalysts is of paramount scientific significance. In this review, we focus on the synthesis of electrocatalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) through various strategies such as hydrogen spillover, heterostructure construction, element doping, monatomic construction, LDH structure modification, high entropy alloy, and other approaches. The article also provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered in enhancing the activity, stability, and durability of transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for both HER and OER. Moreover, the mechanisms of HER and OER are illustrated. The electrocatalysts prepared by these strategies have exhibited promising results in terms of water splitting performance. However, there are still unresolved issues that need to be addressed, such as improving long‐term stability and reducing overall cost. Future prospects include exploring new materials and optimizing the preparation methods to further enhance the electrocatalytic activity.
The Corn Chronicles: Knowing Corn’s Past Helps Next Season’s Hybrid Selection
Authors: May DJ
Published: January 2024

Today, 90 million acres are planted in corn in the U.S., producing an average of roughly 15 billion bushels per year (https://bit.ly/3SE9T8F). Corn yields have increased tremendously since the 30 bu/ac days of the 1930s when Reid’s Yellow Dent was just facing competition from the first batches of hybrid corn. This article looks at the development and improvement of hybrid corn over the years and provides tips for selecting next season’s hybrids. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Responsiveness of Arabica coffee cultivars to skeleton pruning in a low‐altitude region
Authors: Filla Vinicius Augusto , Coelho Anderson Prates , Meirelles Flávia Constantino , Cavalcante Adailza Guilherme , Oliveira Neuza Helena Carvalho de , Lemos Leandro Borges
Published: January 2024

Skeleton pruning is a type of pruning that, by cutting lateral branches (plagiotropic), allows the reinvigoration of coffee plants through the renewal of productive branches. The crop response to this management may be affected by several factors, such as the trees age, crop practices, and, mainly, the genotype. This study aimed to identify the Arabica coffee cultivars with greatest responsiveness to skeleton pruning and desirable productive and qualitative characteristics in a low‐altitude region. The experiment was conducted in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, at an altitude of 565 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of 17 short‐stature Arabica coffee cultivars. On average, the responsiveness of the cultivars to pruning was 32% in the first year and 14% in the second year. The cultivars IAC Catuaí SH3, IAC Ouro Verde, IAC Obatã 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33, Catiguá MG1, Oeiras MG 6851, Pau‐Brasil MG1, Sacramento MG1, IPR 99, IPR 103, and Sabiá Tardio were responsive to skeleton pruning. Among these, Catiguá, Oeiras, Sacramento, and Sabiá stood out with pruning responsiveness above 45%. The cultivars Obatã IAC 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33, and Catuaí SH3 stood out in terms of yield, with an average between 40 and 50 bags ha−1. In addition to high yields, the cultivar Obatã IAC 4739 obtained grains with higher weight and sieve 17. Skeleton pruning was found to be genotype dependent and emerged as a viable alternative for revitalizing Arabica coffee cultivars in low‐altitude regions.
Employees' positive perceptions of corporate social responsibility create beneficial outcomes for firms and their employees: Organizational pride as a mediator
Authors: Schaefer Sarah Desiree , Cunningham Peggy , Diehl Sandra , Terlutter Ralf
Published: January 2024

We studied employees' responses to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program implemented within the Canadian headquarters of a global consumer goods company. Our study is timely since recent studies indicate that employees place more importance on CSR activities when evaluating current or prospective employers. A novel theoretical contribution of our study is that we combine social identity theory and the theory of appraisal of emotions to better understand employee responses. We developed and tested a model that indicates that employees' evaluation and perceptions of the authenticity of their company's CSR efforts can create both firm‐beneficial (loyalty, trust in management, positive word‐of‐mouth) and employee‐beneficial outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional well‐being). The impact of CSR does not result directly—it is mediated by organizational pride. We also collected qualitative data that suggested that the company's CSR initiatives can contribute to employees' sense of meaning of their work. We discuss implications for researchers and managers, as well as limitations of the study.
Chemically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with a self‐replenishing nanoscale liquid coating
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Sudersan Pranav , Diaz Diego , Leibauer Benjamin , Hinduja Chirag , Darvish Fahimeh , Bista Pravash , Hauer Lukas , Wagner Manfred , Steffen Werner , Liu Jie , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Due to poor chemical robustness, superhydrophobic surfaces become susceptible to failure, especially in a highly oxidative environment. To ensure the long‐term efficacy of these surfaces, a more stable and environmentally friendly coating is required to replace the conventional salinization layers. Here, soot‐templated surfaces with re‐entrant nanostructures are precoated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes. An additional nanometer‐thick lubricant layer of PDMS was then applied to increase chemical stability. The surface is superhydrophobic with a nanoscale liquid coating. Since the lubricant layer is thin, ridge formation is suppressed, which leads to low drop sliding friction and fast drop shedding. By introducing a bottom “reservoir” of a free lubricant as an oil source for self‐replenishing to the upper layer, the superhydrophobic surface becomes more stable and heals spontaneously in response to alkali erosion and O2 plasma exposure. This design also leads to a higher icing delay time and faster removal of impacting cooled water drops than for uncoated surfaces, preventing icing at low temperatures.
A process‐based water stable isotope mixing model for plant water sourcing
Authors: Neil Eric J. , Fu Han , Si Bingcheng
Published: January 2024

Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water are common tools for investigating water uptake apportionment, but many of the existing methods rely on simple linear mixing approaches that do not mechanistically incorporate additional information about site physical properties and conditions. Here, we develop a ‘physically based root water uptake isotope mixing estimation’ model (PRIME) that combines a continuous and parametric probability density function for root water uptake with site physical data in a process‐based linear mixing framework. To demonstrate the application of PRIME, water uptake patterns of boreal forest Pinus banksiana trees were estimated on four dates in 2019. To aid in validation, estimates were compared with that of the Bayesian linear mixing model framework, MixSIAR. The two approaches provided similar results, but due to its continuous and parametric nature, PRIME provided estimates of superior resolution, certainty, and model parsimony. Although both models incorporate additional physical information into their mixing frameworks, PRIME does so in a mechanistic manner, thereby reflecting the relevant hydrological processes more effectively than the purely empirical approach taken by MixSIAR. Furthermore, because PRIME uses a continuous function to describe the predicted uptake pattern, it allows users to quantify water uptake with essentially infinite resolution, through integration over the desired depth ranges. These findings demonstrate the advantages of utilizing a continuous, parametric, and process‐based mixing model to estimate root water uptake apportionment, thus providing a relatively simple yet powerful tool with which to approach plant water sourcing.
The correlation between albumin‐corrected anion gap and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Sheng Haiying , Lu Jianhong , Zhong Lei , Hu Beiping , Sun Xu , Dong Huifeng
Published: January 2024

Aims

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. We collected patients with AMI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (v2.0) database and explored the association between serum albumin‐corrected anion gap (ACAG) level and mortality in patients with AMI.

Methods and results

Data of adult patients with AMI were collected. According to the 360 day prognosis, patients were divided into survival and non‐survival groups. Based on the ACAG level, patients were then divided into normal and high ACAG groups. Cox hazard proportional models and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to investigate the correlation between ACAG and mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to compare the cumulative survival rates between the high and normal ACAG groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the predictive value of ACAG for the prognosis of patients with AMI. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to revalidate the results. Finally, 1783 patients were included. Elevated ACAG (>20 mmol/L) was significantly associated with 30 and 360 day mortality (P < 0.001). Adjusted for multiple confounding factors, the Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that elevated ACAG (>20 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor of increased all‐cause mortality in patients with AMI (hazard ratio 1.423, 95% confidence interval 1.206–1.678, P < 0.001). RCS analysis further showed that there was a non‐linear trend relationship between ACAG and the risk of all‐cause mortality at 30 and 360 days (χ2 = 10.750, P = 0.013; χ2 = 13.960, P = 0.003). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the 30 and 360 day cumulative survival rates of patients with AMI were significantly lower (log‐rank test, χ2 = 98.880, P < 0.001; χ2 = 105.440, P < 0.001) in the high ACAG group. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ACAG was 0.651, while the AUC of anion gap (AG) was 0.609, indicating that ACAG had a higher predictive value for 360 day mortality than AG. When combined with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the predictive performance of ACAG for 360 day mortality was better, with an AUC of 0.699. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted suggesting the stability of our results.

Conclusions

Elevated serum ACAG (≥20 mmol/L) is an independent risk factor for short‐term and long‐term mortality in critically ill patients with AMI, and it may assist clinicians and nurses identifying high‐risk patients.
Facilitating Ionic Conduction in the Valve‐Regulated Lead Acid Battery by Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Halloysite Nano‐Clay Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Chikkatti Bipin S. , Sajjan Ashok M. , Banapurmath Nagaraj R.
Published: January 2024

One of the factors that affect the performance of the value‐regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery is gel electrolyte. To address this, a gel polymer electrolyte comprising halloysite nano‐clay in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix is formulated and the electrochemical performance is studied. Interaction between halloysite nano‐clay and poly(vinyl alcohol) is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To optimize the concentration of gel electrolytes, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) are utilized. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) tests are performed on a prototype battery comprising of an optimized gel electrolyte. The battery shows the highest discharge capacity of 6.858 μAh at 7.5 μA cm−2 current density and achieves admirable discharge capacity retention of 87.5% after 500 cycles. Hydrogen‐bonded halloysite nano‐clay and poly(vinyl alcohol) can be employed as gel electrolytes in VRLA batteries.
Ground motion models for regions with limited data: Data‐driven approach
Authors: Sreenath Vemula , Basu Jahnabi , Raghukanth S. T. G.
Published: January 2024

The ground motion model (GMM) for response spectra is crucial to hazard studies and structural design. GMM developed for regions with abundant data can capture appropriate spectral attenuation characteristics. However, several seismically active regions, such as the Himalayas, have limited recorded data, and thus, traditionally, simulated, or other regional data are supplemented with the available data for developing a GMM. Despite data augmentation, GMMs developed for such regions cannot appropriately depict attenuation characteristics. Therefore, the paper presents a comprehensive study encompassing the development of data‐driven approaches to obtain GMM for response spectra using the Himalayan crustal data with inputs: magnitude, distance, site class, depth, and a flag corresponding to the horizontal and vertical components. In this regard, GMM using transfer learning is initially developed from a pre‐trained model using global crustal data. Additionally, GMM using the XGBoost approach with monotonic constraints enforced on inputs is developed. These approaches could not capture trends appropriately. Finally, a monotonic constrained transfer learning model is developed to appropriately depict magnitude saturation and scaling, magnitude‐dependent geometric spreading, anelastic attenuation, depth scaling, site amplification, and other desired characteristics.
Shearer parameter optimization and low energy consumption mining based on 3D point cloud characterization of coal wall
Authors: Wang Haijian , Fan Xingrui , Huang Mengdie
Published: January 2024

To achieve efficient and low energy consumption mining under different cutting depths of a shearer, a multiparameter coupling optimization method for the shearer based on three‐dimensional (3D) characterization of the coal wall was proposed. First, a seven‐axis absolute articulated arm measuring machine was used to obtain 3D point cloud data of the coal wall, and then the 3D of the coal wall surface was reconstructed by using segmentation, filtering, and stitching processing, thereby obtaining the average thickness of different coal wall areas. Second, through the quadratic rotation regression orthogonal combination experiment, the optimal combination of drum speed, traction speed, and cutting depth was obtained, further obtaining the order of primary and secondary influences, and the regression model. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to obtain the optimal drum speed and finally, the laboratory and field test experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm in reducing the cutting energy consumption of shearer. The experiment results show that the given optimization algorithm can adaptively optimize the traction speed and drum speed based on the corresponding cutting depth, which significantly reduces the cutting specific energy consumption of the shearer. Thus, it provided an important technical means for the shearer to achieve low energy consumption and efficient mining.
General vorticity‐streamfunction formulation for incompressible binary flow with arbitrary density ratio
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Yang Yongchang , Ren Feng
Published: January 2024

The classical vorticity‐streamfunction formulation (VSF) can avoid the difficulty in the calculation of pressure gradient term of the Navier Stokes equation via eliminating pressure gradient term from the theoretical basis. Within this context we propose a general VSF, together with redefined vorticity and streamfunction, so as to realize numerically stable and reliable simulations of binary fluids with an arbitrary density contrast. By incorporating the interface‐tracking phase‐field model based on the conservative Allen‐Cahn equation [Phys. Rev. E 94, 023311 (2016)], the binary flow simulation framework is established. Numerical tests are conducted using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which is usually regarded as an easy‐to‐use tool for solving the Navier–Stokes equation but generally suffers from the drawback of not being capable of enforcing incompressibility. The LBM herein functions as a numerical tool for solving the vorticity transport equation, the streamfunction equation, and the conservative Allen‐Cahn equation. Three two‐dimensional benchmark cases, i.e., the Capillary wave, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and the droplet splashing on a thin liquid film, are discussed in detail to verify the present methodology. Results show good agreements with both analytical predictions and literature data, as well as good numerical stability in terms of high density ratio and high Reynolds number. Overall, the general VSF inherits the intrinsic superiority of the classical VSF in enforcing incompressibility, and offers a useful and reliable alternative for binary flow modeling.
Association of white matter hyperintensities and clinical vascular burden with depressive symptoms in Black older adults
Authors: Bogoian Hannah R. , Barber Sarah J. , Carter Sierra E. , Mingo Chivon , Rosano Caterina , Dotson Vonetta M.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Black older adults have a higher vascular burden compared to non‐Hispanic White (NHW) older adults, which may put them at risk for a form of depression known as vascular depression (VaDep). The literature examining VaDep in Black older adults is sparse. The current study addressed this important gap by examining whether vascular burden was associated with depressive symptoms in Black older adults.

Methods

Participants included 113 Black older adults from the Healthy Brain Project, a substudy of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. In multiple regression analyses, clinical vascular burden (sum of vascular conditions) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume predicted depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic variables. Follow‐up analyses compared the associations in the Black subsample and in 179 NHW older adults.

Results

Higher total WMH volume, but not clinically‐defined vascular burden, predicted higher concurrent depressive symptoms and higher average depressive symptoms over 4 years. Similar associations were found between uncinate fasciculus (UF) WMHs and concurrent depressive symptoms and between superior longitudinal fasciculus WMHs and average depressive symptoms. The association between depressive symptoms and UF WMH was stronger in Black compared to NHW individuals.

Conclusion

This research is consistent with the VaDep hypothesis and extends it to Black older adults, a group that has historically been underrepresented in the literature. Results highlight WMH in the UF as particularly relevant to depressive symptoms in Black older adults and suggest this group may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of WMH.
Cooling of lithium‐ion battery pack using different configurations of flexible baffled channels
Authors: Lazim Adam Adil , Ismael Muneer A.
Published: January 2024

The rated temperature and its uniformity of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery (LIB) pack are the main demands for safe and efficient operation. This paper investigates an air cooling system of a pack of five prismatic LIB's generating considerable heat through discharging energy. The cooling system is a three‐dimensional channel with flexible baffles of different arrangements installed on the walls of the channel to lower and regulate the temperature of the batteries. Three arrangements of these baffles are studied, transverse; L‐shaped and staggered. The study is formulated as turbulent fluid–structure interaction and solved numerically using the finite elements method. The study was conducted for five spaces between batteries, S = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm and three different inlet air velocities, Uin = 0.5, 1 and 2 m/s. It was found that the flexible baffles guide the coolant towards the batteries smoothly with less pressure drop and this significantly improves the performance of the battery thermal management system due to the reduction of the maximum temperature and temperature variation as well. The staggered arrangement of the baffles shows the most effective configuration, where the maximum temperature difference between batteries is only 1.85°C for S = 1 mm and Uin = 2 m/s.
Structures and stability of I2 and ICl complexes with pyridine: Ab initio and DFT study
Authors: Pomogaeva Anna V. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: January 2024

Theoretical investigation of thermodynamic stability and bonding features of possible isomers of the molecular and ionic complexes of pyridine with molecular iodine and iodine monochloride IX (X = I,Cl) is presented. M06‐2X DFT functional is found to provide bond distances and dissociation energies which are close to those obtained at high‐level ab initio CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pvtz//CCSD/aug‐cc‐pvtz benchmark computations for the most stable isomers, formed via donation of a lone pair of nitrogen atom of pyridine to the iodine atom. These isomers are by 23–33 kJ mol−1 (in case of I2) and by 39–56 kJ mol−1 (in case of ICl) more stable than other molecular complexes. T‐shaped π‐σ* bonded isomers turn out to be energetically comparable with van der Waals bound compounds. Among the ionic isomers, structures featuring [IPy2]+ cation with I3− or ICl2− counterions are more stable. Oligomerization favors ionic isomers starting from the tetrameric clusters of the composition (IX)4Py4.
Black and Hispanic predoctoral dental students’ perceptions and considerations of careers in academic dentistry
Authors: Burns Lorel E. , Makiling Mark , Pezzullo Cheryline , Wilson Tiffany E. , Hamilton Elizabeth S. , Davis Gerald , Fleming Eleanor
Published: January 2024

Background

Dental schools aim to train and support a diverse dentist workforce. Among all faculty, full‐time and part‐time faculty who identify as members of historically underrepresented groups are 13.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The recruitment and retention of faculty is a known challenge, with growing faculty vacancies at dental schools. This study explored dental student perceptions of academic careers, specifically focusing on Black and Hispanic predoctoral students.

Methods

From August to November 2022, we conducted focus group with second‐, third‐, and fourth‐year predoctoral dental students who identified as Black or Hispanic using a semi‐structured interview guide that was developed for this study. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged: (1) students perceived academic dental dentistry as inclusive but not diverse spaces for Black and Hispanic people; (2) academic dental careers were perceived as secondary careers; (3) academic dental careers were perceived as a career option with a lack of autonomy and less income, compared to clinical practice in other settings; (4) students expressed a lack of knowledge about pathways to academic dental careers. Despite these challenges, students expressed interest in academic dental careers and noted being inspired by younger faculty members.

Conclusion

Dental schools must do more to encourage dental students to consider careers in academic dentistry. Pathway programs, mentoring, and the presentation of academic careers as a viable career option for students by faculty should be further emphasized practices. Increasing the diversity of faculty members is also key. Students cannot be who they cannot see.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Micrognathia at 11–20 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Wu Siqi , Han Jin , Duan Guanhua , Xue Jiaxin , Huang Ruchun , Wu Liping , Yan Xiuyan , Pi Huichun , Yang Xin
Published: January 2024

Objective

To prospectively evaluate the prognosis of fetuses diagnosed with micrognathia using prenatal ultrasound screening.

Methods

Between January 2019 and December 2022, a normal range of IFA to evaluate the facial profile in fetuses with micrognathia in a Chinese population between 11 and 20 gestational weeks was established, and the pregnancy outcomes of fetal micrognathia were described. The medical records of these pregnancies were collected, including family history, maternal demographics, sonographic findings, genetic testing results, and pregnancy outcomes.

Results

Ultrasound identified 25 patients with fetal micrognathia, with a mean IFA value of 43.6°. All cases of isolated fetal micrognathia in the initial scans were non‐isolated in the following scans. A total of 78.9% (15/19) cases had a genetic cause confirmed, including 12 with chromosomal abnormalities and 3 with monogenic disorders. Monogenic disorders were all known causes of micrognathia, including two cases of campomelic dysplasia affected by SOX9 mutations and one case of mandibulofacial dysostosis with an EFTUD2 mutation. In the end, 19 cases were terminated, 1 live birth was diagnosed as Pierre Robin syndrome, and 5 cases were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusion

IFA is a useful indicator and three‐dimensional ultrasound is a significant support technique for fetal micrognathia prenatal diagnosis. Repeat ultrasound monitoring and genetic testing are crucial, with CMA recommended and Whole exome sequencing performed when normal arrays are reported. Isolated fetal micrognathia may be an early manifestation of monogenic disorders.
Waveguide‐Based On‐Chip Photothermal Spectroscopy for Gas Sensing
Authors: Zheng Kaiyuan , Pi Mingquan , Huang Yijun , Peng Zihang , Zhao Huan , Song Fang , Bao Haihong , Jiang Shoulin , Ho Hoi Lut , Zheng Chuantao , Jin Wei , Zhang Yu , Wang Yiding
Published: January 2024

On‐chip waveguide spectroscopic sensors have attracted considerable attention due to its potential for large‐scale integration. However, existing waveguide gas sensors based on direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) suffer from limited sensitivity and measurement range. Here waveguide‐based on‐chip photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) is demonstrated for gas detection with high sensitivity and large dynamic range. On‐chip photothermal field due to non‐radiation relaxation of gas molecules and the resulted photothermal phase modulation are analyzed. By selecting chalcogenide glass (ChG) as the core‐layer material and fabricating thermally‐isolated ChG‐on‐SU8 waveguide for thermal field accumulation, a twofold increase in photothermal phase modulation is achieved as compared to ChG‐on‐SiO2 waveguides. Different from the major concern of multi‐path etalon noise in DAS, piezoelectric transducer noise in the interferometer is identified as the main source in this PTS. For a fair comparison, acetylene (C2H2) detection experiments are conducted using PTS and DAS with a 2 cm‐long ChG‐on‐SU8 waveguide. A remarkable sensitivity of 4 parts‐per‐million (ppm) is achieved, which is 16 times better than that of DAS. The dynamic range extends over five orders of magnitude for PTS, ≈3 orders of magnitude larger than that of DAS. Such high performance opens the possibility of fully‐integrated chip‐level sensors for low‐power, light‐weight applications.