bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating an Environment Free from Sexual Violence Against Women and Children Within the Cultural Values of Mitawe in West Sulawesi
Authors: Pratiwi Andi Dewi , Anwar Muh. Chaerul , Yasim Sulastri , Khaldun Riady Ibnu
Published: November 2024

This research aims to create an environment free from sexual violence against women and children in West Sulawesi Province through the application of Mitawe cultural values. The Mitawe culture, which emphasizes politeness, respect, and dignity, is seen as an important tool in preventing sexual violence within the Mandar community. The research method used is empirical law, involving observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders and community leaders, as well as document analysis from the Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (DP3AP2KB) of West Sulawesi Province. The research findings show that Mitawe values can be effectively integrated into sexual violence prevention programs through various interventions carried out in local communities. The implementation of these values has successfully raised public awareness about the importance of respecting the rights of women and children, as well as reducing the incidence of sexual violence in several districts. Moreover, collaboration with DP3AP2KB has enabled the implementation of more structured and sustainable prevention strategies, including training for victim advocates and public awareness campaigns. This research also found that strengthening local cultural values, such as Mitawe, can be an effective approach in creating a safer society free from sexual violence. These findings provide a foundation for developing more inclusive and culturally sensitive policies in the effort to protect women and children in West Sulawesi.
A Community Response to Tourism Focusing on the Home Stay Program in Goriganga Valley Munsyari , Pithoragarh Uttarakhand , India
Authors:   Kumaun University, Kathayat Kavindra Singh
Published: November 2024

In most mountainous regions of the world, people have limited possibilities for generating income. Agriculture forestry, animal husbandry Home stay back bone of local economics, The Himalayan Mountain in all its length adnbreath has been a famous destination as well as international tourist. Its snowy peaks, glaciers, passes, alpine grasslands, its wilderness, might river and many there unsurpassed natural constructs have been inspiring the adventure and explorers. The tourism industry in India has grown enormously and is becoming a major source of economic growth in India. Is paper focuses on studying the possibilities of home- stay programs and the willingness of the residents in Uttarakhand on such programs. Considering the tourism perspective of India, home-stay programs are rather unusual. Only Ladakh Autonomous Region in Jammu and Kashmir are the two examples. is research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches through household survey, an average treatment, community economic development analysis, observations, interpretative analysis, and ethnographic understanding of Johar valley, Munsyari Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand. E results show that the tourism industry has not brought economic benefits for the households involved in the industry; however, this could be owing to the community not being involved in tourism development. In addition, most of the villagers considered that the home-stay program could create opportunities for jobs and improve the income of the local community. In the mountain tourism industry, tourist guides, dhabawals are the main successful tourism operations. In the study area, we found private entrepreneurship, but the home-stay program has not yet been developed. is research paper expects to assist making decisions to initiate an extensive home-stay program under the “Endogenous Tourism” program with some re-evaluations of not only the previously mentioned village of Uttarakhand, but also other remote locations in India, considering the colorful and cultural-rituals of rural living in India.
TREND OF CASSAVA YIELD/PRODCUTION IN IN KOGI EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: EDIBO S. O.  , N. D. MARCUS  , A. T. OGAH
Published: November 2024

This study examined the trends in cassava yield and production in the Kogi East Senatorial District of Kogi State, Nigeria, focusing on the perceptions of local farmers regarding yield changes over the past five years and the factors influencing these trends. A total of 403 respondents were surveyed, revealing that 71.3% of the farmers perceived an increase in cassava yields, while 28.7% reported stable yields. The primary factors contributing to the perceived increase included the use of improved cassava varieties (58.1%) and climate variability (41.9%). Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated a stationary R-squared value of 0.792, suggesting a robust model fit for predicting future production trends. Forecasts indicated a steady increase in cassava production per hectare from 2024 to 2033, with projected yields rising from 17.33 tons per hectare in 2024 to 18.54 tons per hectare by 2033. Despite these positive trends, the study identified significant challenges posed by climate variability, with 76.7% of respondents recognizing a high impact on production. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including the promotion of climate-resilient cassava varieties, improved access to quality planting materials, and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, this study provides critical insights into the cassava production landscape in Kogi East and highlights the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to enhance productivity and ensure food security in the region.
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT USING GIS IN LAGOS STATE
Authors: OLADAPO OLAITAN MIRIAM  , FORTUNE UCHECHUKWU ADIKE  , OKENIYI RUTH FOLAKE  , SOWEMIMO KAYODE SODIQ  , BRIDGET NNENNA CHUKWU  , TOHEEB ABBEY ANIMASHAUN  , CHIDOZIE EBUBE EBENMELU  , CONFIDENCE ADIMCHI CHINONYEREM
Published: November 2024

Transportation infrastructure development poses significant environmental risks, including habitat disruption, air and water pollution, and climate change. This study develops a GIS-based framework for ecological risk assessment of transportation infrastructure development. This research identifies high-risk areas and prioritizes mitigation measures by integrating spatial analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis, and expert consultations. The GIS-based approach evaluates environmental sensitivity, proximity to ecosystems, and potential hazards. Results provide valuable insights for sustainable transportation planning, policy-making, and ecological management. This study explored its application in solving Environmental Risk Assessment of Transportation Infrastructure Development GIS application in environmental Risk Assessment monitoring has mainly been divided into three aspects: water, soil, and atmosphere. Based on ArcGIS 10.1 software and ArcGIS 9.3.1 version, GIS has been applied in Transportation system monitoring and soil heavy metal concentration monitoring, respectively. A major function of planners is to promote the best use of a community's land and resources for different construction projects; especially critical are infrastructure projects on which economic development relies. Transportation projects typically involve both environmental and economic issues facing a community as it grows and changes. Considerations of sustainability, as well as the widespread use of collaborative planning, design, and construction, require tools that facilitate long-term impact analysis and easy communication among built-environment professionals. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is instrumental in studying transportation project impacts, but it is a time-consuming process because of the large number of dependent and independent variables involved. A vulnerability grade map and road distribution map were produced, providing an overall vulnerability score for each of the three planning alternatives considered. A road alignment was indicated as the preferred corridor, which was further recommended for a project development and environmental (PD&E) study.
EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION OF GOVERNMENT SECTORS IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: FASINA H. T.  , ADEKUNLE O. O.  , OYELEYE K. W.
Published: November 2024

Taxation has been recognized as exerting a significant influence on government expenditures, which constitute a fundamental component of an economy, particularly in numerous developing and underdeveloped nations. Taxes stand out as the primary source of funding for government expenditures. The extent to which tax revenue affect expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, has remained a subject of concern in the Nigerian context. Therefore the study examines the effect of tax revenue on expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, Nigeria. The research design employed in this study is ex-post facto, and data were obtained from audited annual financial reports and budgets of the southwestern states governments spanning a period of forty years, from 1982 to 2022. The study encompassed all six states within the southwest region of Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values, were computed. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF), integral components of time series regression analysis, were employed to assess all study variables at a significance level of 5%. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of tax revenue on the allocation of government expenditures across various sectors in the southwest states of Nigeria. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between revenue and expenditure profile of state governments in southwest states, Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should explore avenues to diversify revenue sources beyond taxes.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FINTECH EXPENDITURE IN SELECTED NIGERIAN DEPOSITS MONEY BANKS
Authors: OLADEJO M. O.  , AKINTUNDE H. A.  , AZEEZ J. A.  , OYELEYE K. W.
Published: November 2024

In the last decades, financial markets and the economy have been experiencing an explosion of innovation and technologies modifying financial services and products, especially banking services. In the context of Nigeria's banking sector, previous studies centered around financial technology (FinTech) deployment whereas the current study focused on the critical issues surrounding the determinants of fintech expenditure and its consequential impact on the profitability listed deposit money banks (NDMBs). Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Secondary data were extracted from abridge annual reports of selected NDMBs for the period 2008 to 2023. The population of the study according to the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) 2023 consists of 14 NDMBs out of which 9 were selected. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and panel regression analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents while inferential statistics such as ANOVA was used to evaluate factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs. The results of descriptive analysis revealed the specific factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs as extracted from the distributed copies of questionnaire. The factors include Cost of fintech infrastructure (COF) (75%), Cost of Software acquisition (COS) (65.38%), Maintenance cost (MC) (52.41%) and Bank size (BS) (78.51%). Based on the summary of findings of this study, it was concluded that the there is a significant difference in the factors influencing fintech expenditure in NDMBs. Therefore, the study recommends that NDMBs should carefully plan their fintech investments to balance the immediate costs with long-term benefits.
ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: NWAPI, RAYMOND OGEDI, Ph.D
Published: November 2024

This study focused on alternative dispute resolution and community development in Imo State (2013 – 2022). The study was based on the need to ascertain the relevance of alternative dispute approach in the development of the communities. The researcher developed and used three research objectives, three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses. The study was anchored on social justice theory. Data were collected through primary source (questionnaire) and secondary source (published materials) and the study used survey research approach. The population covered the entire 1,394,800 people from six local governments of the study area (2 from each of the zones in Imo State). The sample was 400 from the entire population, but only 370 copies of the questionnaire were returned from the 400 copies distributed. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and the hypotheses were tested using chi-square. It was discovered that there is significant impact of alternative disputes resolution on settlement of kingship disputes in Imo State; there is significant relationship between the alternative disputes resolution mechanism and settlement of land disputes in Imo State; and there is significant effects of alternative disputes resolution on settlement of disputes arising from development project in Imo State. The study concluded that alternative dispute approach is a panacea for dispute resolution in rural communities and if well handled will lead to community development. The work recommended that Alternative disputes resolution strategies should be effectively employed in settling all disputes relating to kingship, land disputes, and community projects so as to achieve community development.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND ANALYSIS USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING IN KOSHOFE LAGOS STATE
Authors: OFIA INNOCENT CHINEDU  , HUSAIN OBIANJULU ALEGIMENLEN  , JETTA SOMTOCHUKWU EZEAGBA  , RASHEED ADEBAYO BELLO  , ADEAGBO GANIU AREMU  , CONFIDENCE ADIMCHI CHINONYEREM
Published: November 2024

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a significant concern in urban areas, particularly in tropical regions like Lagos, Nigeria. This study employs geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (rs) techniques to analyze the urban heat island effect in Koshofe, a rapidly urbanizing area in Lagos. The research aims to identify the spatial distribution, intensity, and factors influencing UHI in koshofe. Using Landsat 8 and sentinel-2 satellite imagery, land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved and analyzed. GIS spatial analysis and mapping techniques were applied to examine the relationship between lst, land use/land cover (LULC), population density, and urban morphology. The study also investigated the impact of urban planning strategies on UHI mitigation. Results show that Koshofe experiences significant UHI effects, with lst varying between 28°c and 38°c. Built-up areas, particularly commercial and industrial zones, exhibited higher (LST) values compared to vegetated areas. Population density and urban density were found to be positively correlated with (LST). The study identified areas with high UHI risk, including major road networks and informal settlements.
FORECAST ACCURACIES OF HYBRID OF BILINEAR AND EXPONENTIAL SMOOTH TRANSITION AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS WITH GARCH MODELS
Authors: AKINTUNDE MUTAIRU OYEWALE  , OLALUDE GBENGE ADELEKAN  , OLAWALE OLUBOLA ADEBOLA
Published: November 2024

The study looks at the forecast accuracies of GARCH and Bilinear models on the one hand, and hybrids of Bilnear with GARCH (BL-GARCH) and ESTAR with GARCH (ESTAR-GARCH) models on the other hand. Necessary mathematical or theoretical frameworks were set up for the four models and were illustrated with inflation rate data from Nigeria (1994–2019). Stationarity tests conducted (Unit Root Test) show that at level (original data) the series is chaotic and volatile (non-stationary), but at the first difference the series is stationary. This, therefore, paved the way for the analysis. In and out of sample, the forecast accuracies of all the models used were checked and compared. Information criteria such as AIC, BIC, and FPE were used, where it was seen that ESTAR-GARCH performs best. Also, the performance measure indices used revealed that ESTAR-GARCH was very outstanding. The same goes for variance analysis (ESTAR-GARCH had the least variance). The results show that the two hybrid models give exceptional performances; also, the GARCH model's performance is fairly good but not comparable to the hybrids. Exponential GARCH models perform better than Bilnear-GARCH models and GARCH models. However, the ESTAR-GARCH and BL-GARCH models are comparable and could be interchangeably used by would-be forecasters, investors, academia, and other would-be users.
Judicial Activism and Comparative Analysis of Suo Motu Notices Taken by Chief Justice Saqib Nisar and Iftikhar Chaudhry
Authors: Sher Hassan  , Hafsa Wali  , Durman  , Shakeela Hussain
Published: November 2024

This research study explores the concept of judicial activism and conducts a comparative analysis of the Suo moto notices taken by Chief Justice Saqib Nisar and Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, two prominent Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Judicial activism refers to the proactive role of the judiciary in addressing societal issues and promoting social justice, often through the use of suo moto notices, where the court takes cognizance of a matter on its own initiative, The comparative analysis has focused on the similarities and differences in the approach, scope, and impact of the suo moto notices taken by Chief Justice Saqib Nisar and Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry during their respective tenures. This research study has examined the key areas of intervention, such as human rights, governance, public welfare, and accountability, This study has utilized a qualitative research methodology, including a comprehensive review of relevant literature, case analysis, and comparative examination of the judicial decisions and outcomes, This research study found that excessive and miss use of Suo moto power has badly affected political system of the country, This research study recommends that judiciary should play a balance role in order to have in effective federal parliamentary democratic system in the country
Effects of Interest Rate Change on Private Sector Investment, Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Ur Rehman
Published: November 2024

This study examines the effects of lending rates, inflation, and exchange rate fluctuations on private sector credits (PSC) in Pakistan from 1961 to 2017. The analysis shows that lending rates have a minimal impact on PSC, with an insignificant relationship. However, inflation and exchange rates show significant negative effects, indicating that rising prices and currency depreciation reduce private sector borrowing by increasing costs and uncertainty. These findings suggest that while interest rate management remains important, policymakers should prioritize strategies for stabilizing inflation and exchange rates to support private sector investment. Consequently, fostering macroeconomic stability may mitigate the indirect effects of the crowding-out phenomenon, promoting a favorable investment environment conducive to private sector growth.
Resilience frameworks in tourism studies: a literature review
Authors: Platania Marco
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in studies on economic resilience. There have been several contributions from scholars who have applied theoretical frameworks on various social and economic fields. Among these is the subject of tourism. Using a traditional narrative style, this paper summarises the main findings concerning resilience and tourism that have been published in academic journals over recent years and it provides some critical reflections about the research directions. For the selection of papers in this literature review, the author has considered those studies that have analysed the relationships between tourism and resilience within a tourist destination, in a framework of resistance and / or a recovery from shocks. The main results of this study will allow for one to acquire a complete picture of the studies in this line of research. This may be useful for future studies on resilience in the tourism sector.
Sustainable Tourism Intentions: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Luongo Simone , Napolano Eleonora , Gul Kanwal
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been a notable shift in people's attitudes towards the environment, with an increasing emphasis on seeking out sustainable and eco-friendly destinations for their travel experiences. This evolving mindset has given rise to the pressing need for destinations to position themselves as a sustainable option. As the demand for services that prioritize sustainability continues to rise, the concept of a sustainable destination image has emerged as a pivotal marketing strategy to attract environmentally conscious tourists. This study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to delve into tourists' intentions toward sustainable tourism. investigate the sustainable intentions of tourists, a quantitative study has been conducted in Naples (Italy) with a sample size of 503 participants, including both Italian and foreign tourists. The SmartPLS tool was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method (PLS-SEM). After evaluating the model, the research hypotheses are tested to measure the influence of Sustainable Tourism Intentions. This research makes a significant contribution to the Theory of Planned Behavior by introducing and integrating two innovative constructs: Environmental Awareness (EA) and Sustainable Destination Image (SDI). By incorporating these elements, this research sheds light on these factors' critical role in shaping sustainable tourism intentions. The study explores the relationship between sustainable tourism and tourist behaviors, advocating for a collaborative approach between governments and service providers to promote sustainability, with destination image playing a pivotal role in shaping tourist behavior. Governments can drive positive change through regulations and incentives for eco-friendly practices. Prioritizing a sustainable destination image is essential for attracting environmentally conscious tourists, who increasingly seek eco-friendly destinations.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN PENDAFTARAN BPJS TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RSUD DOLOKSANGGUL KECAMATAN DOLOKSANGGUL KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN TAHUN 2024
Authors: Sinaga Megasilvia , Purba Dewi , Pakpahan Sri Imelda
Published: November 2024

Quality health services will provide satisfaction to patients who leave the hospital. Factors that affect patient satisfaction include physical evidence (tangibility), responsiveness (responsiveness), caring attitude (emphaty), assurance (assurance), and reliability (reliability). The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between patient satisfaction and tangibility, responsiveness, emphaty, assurance, and realibility. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study is all outpatient BPJS patients at the Doloksanggul Regional General Hospital. The sample size of the study was 100 respondents using the accidental sampling technique with the slovin formula. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis. Tested using the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that in the tangibility variable (physical evidence), 85% of respondents rated physical appearance as good and 15% rated it as poor. In the responsiveness variable, 87% of respondents felt a quick response and 13% felt a slow response. On the emphaty variable, the majority of respondents felt 84% concerned while only 16% felt less caring. In the Assurance variable, 88% of respondents felt that they received good security guarantees and 12% felt that they were not good. In terms of reability, 87% of respondents rated reliability as high, while 13% rated it low. Bivariate analysis obtained a p-value of <0.05, which is 0.000 for the variables tangibility, responsiveness, emphaty, assurance and realibility with outpatient satisfaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables of tangibility, responsiveness, emphaty, assurance and realibility with outpatient satisfaction at Doloksanggul Hospital. It is hoped that health workers will continue to maintain the quality of BPJS registered health services so that patient satisfaction is better.
Aspectos clínicos da Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos em mulheres em idade fértil
Authors: Carla Cristina Maganhin  , Camilla Maganhin Luquetti  , Elson Assunção de Andrade Lima Júnior
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP), uma característica genética heterogênea e complexa de etiologias pouco claras e provavelmente múltiplas, é uma causa importante de riscos cardiometabólicos, irregularidade ovulatória e menstrual, subfertilidade e infertilidade e hiperandrogenismo clinicamente evidente. Objetivo: discutir as manifestações clínicas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos em adultos. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura a partir de bases de dados da Scielo, da PubMed e da BVS, de abril a junho de 2024, com descritores “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”, “Clinical Manifestations” e “Women”. Incluíram-se artigos de 2019-2024 (total 109), com exclusão de outros critérios e escolha de 05 artigos na íntegra. Resultados e Discussão: As manifestações clínicas da síndrome dos ovários policísticos em adultos apresentam por disfunção menstrual caracterizada por menstruações infrequentes ou ausentes. No entanto, algumas mulheres com SOP têm sangramento uterino anormal como resultado de sua anovulação crônica. A disfunção ovulatória geralmente resulta em infertilidade e na necessidade de indução da ovulação naquelas que desejam engravidar. Ainda, podem ser definida Aspecto policístico típico dos ovários na ultrassonografia transvaginal na maioria das mulheres com menstruações irregulares e hiperandrogenismo (usando os critérios originais de ultrassonografia para ovários policísticos). No entanto, esse aspecto de ultrassonografia não é específico, pois também pode ser visto em mulheres com ciclo normal. Além disso, outra característica importante é hiperandrogenismo, que pode incluir sinais clínicos (hirsutismo, acne, alopecia) e/ou concentrações elevadas de andrógenos séricos. Temos ainda sintoma que a SOP pode estar envolvidos nos problemas metabólicos, os fatores de risco podem causar diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo obesidade (e resistência à insulina), intolerância à glicose e dislipidemia. Outras manifestações clínicas que podem ser observadas incluem apneia do sono e esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (NASH). Conclusão:Atualmente, a síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) é ​​reconhecida como um dos distúrbios endócrinos/metabólicos mais comuns em mulheres
Classificação clínica do glaucoma na pediatria
Authors: Carla Cristina Maganhin  , Camilla Maganhin Luquetti  , Elson Assunção de Andrade Lima Júnior
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O glaucoma representa um grupo heterogêneo de doenças oculares com neuropatia óptica progressiva, manifestada pela escavação do disco óptico e, geralmente, associada ao aumento da pressão intraocular (PIO). Pode levar a danos no nervo óptico e consequente perda visual. A perda da visão periférica ocorre primeiro, mas se o glaucoma não for tratado, pode levar à perda da visão central e à cegueira completa. Em bebês e crianças pequenas, podem ocorrer danos adicionais ao sistema visual, incluindo erro refrativo grande e potencialmente assimétrico, edema ou cicatrizes da córnea, astigmatismo, estrabismo e ambliopia. O diagnóstico e o encaminhamento precoces são cruciais para garantir o resultado visual ideal. Objetivo: compreender a visão geral do glaucoma em bebês e crianças. Metodologia: Revisão de literatura a partir de bases da Scielo, da PubMed e da BVS, de março a maio de 2024, com descritores “glaucoma”, “management”, “babies”, e “children”, cadastrados no DeCS/MeSH e operador “AND”. Incluíram-se artigos de 2019-2024 (total 181), com exclusão de outros critérios e escolha de 05 artigos na íntegra. Resultados e Discussão: O glaucoma pode ser classificado quanto ao ângulo da câmara anterior (aberto/fechado) e primário/secundário. O de ângulo aberto é o mais comum em crianças e adultos, com perda progressiva do campo visual periférico seguida de perda de campo central em um padrão típico. Quando primário, há malformação angular isolada (trabeculodisgênese), sendo raro na infância e com início nos primeiros anos de vida. A idade em que os sintomas aparecem pela primeira vez provavelmente está relacionada à gravidade da disgênese angular. Se juvenil, aparece após 4-5 anos de idade. Geralmente são assintomáticos e o dano ao nervo óptico é oculto. O diagnóstico é dado pelo dano ao nervo óptico no exame do fundo de olho tipicamente na presença de PIO elevada e déficit de campo visual. Na maioria dos casos, há histórico familiar positivo. A intervenção cirúrgica é base terapêutica e medicamentos são adjuvantes. A frequência de acompanhamento depende da gravidade. Quando secundário, é adquirido ou relacionado à anormalidade ocular subjacente, em qualquer idade e pode estar presente no nascimento (ex: tumores, trauma, glicocorticoides, retinotipatia da prematuridade). O diagnóstico é confirmado com exame de fundo, tonometria e campimetria. Conclusão: Glaucoma é a segunda principal causa de cegueira no mundo. A neuropatia óptica nem sempre apresenta aumento da pressão intraocular, o que pode atrasar o diagnóstico. Faz-se importante o reconhecimento e diagnóstico precoce, bem como acompanhamento com oftalmologista na infância.
Le bilinguisme dans les écoles primaires de Guyane chez les Kali’na et les Wayana : un facteur de « réussite scolaire » ?
Authors: Meunier Olivier
Published: November 2024

Dans cet article, nous allons examiner si le bilinguisme mis en place dans les écoles de Guyane chez les populations autochtones Kali’na et Wayana valorise suffisamment la langue maternelle et la culture des élèves pour les préparer à réussir scolairement. Notre hypothèse repose sur l’idée que cette valorisation culturelle et linguistique doit concerner à la fois les familles, les élèves et les enseignants pour que les enfants présentent une estime de soi et des capacités cognitives suffisantes permettant de dépasser les conflits de valeurs afin d’être en mesure d’élaborer des stratégies et des modes de résolution efficaces à l’école. Après une analyse historique de la scolarisation en Guyane, nous allons présenter les formations concernant les intervenants en langue maternelle et les enseignants bilingues, puis, à partir de nos données de terrain, dévoiler les pratiques enseignantes en résultant, tout en prenant en considération leur rapport aux familles et leurs effets sur les élèves en termes d’estime de soi, de bien-être et de « réussite scolaire ».
Cognitive Function in Frail Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Study Using Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Sebastião Emerson , Siqueira Vitor A. A. A. , Bakare Jemimah O. , Kamari Mahgolzahra , Motl Robert W.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Studies addressing frailty in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) are emergent. This study explores cognitive function in older adults with MS as a function of frailty status.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a feasibility randomized controlled trial of a home-based exercise program for older adults with MS. Frailty was verified using performance scores from the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cut points available in the literature. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief International Cognitive Assessments for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS). Data were analyzed using inferential statistics adopting a significance of P < .05.

RESULTS:

Data from 26 older adults with MS (≥60 years) were analyzed. The majority of the participants were women, and over 85% of the sample had the relapsing-remitting form of MS. Participants reported a mean of more than 20 years of disease and a moderate level of disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale score = 4). Nearly 58% of the sample was classified as frail based on SPPB scores. Univariate analysis demonstrated that frail older adults performed significantly worse (P < .05) on all 3 BICAMS tests. However, after controlling for age and disability level, only visuospatial memory remained significant between frailty groups (P = .043).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest reduced cognitive function in frail older adults with MS compared with their nonfrail counterparts. This highlights the need to develop interventions to improve cognitive function and to reverse frailty for older adults with MS.
MuSK-BMP signaling in adult muscle stem cells maintains quiescence and regulates myofiber size
Authors: Madigan Laura A , Jaime Diego , Chen Isabella , Fallon Justin R
Published: November 2024

A central question in adult stem cell biology is elucidating the signaling pathways regulating their dynamics and function in diverse physiological and age-related contexts. Muscle stem cells in adults (Satellite Cells; SCs) are generally quiescent but can activate and contribute to muscle repair and growth. Here we tested the role of the MuSK-BMP pathway in regulating adult SC quiescence by deletion of the BMP-binding MuSK Ig3 domain (‘ΔIg3-MuSK’). At 3 months of age SC and myonuclei numbers and myofiber size were comparable to WT. However, at 5 months of age SC density was decreased while myofiber size, myonuclear number and grip strength were increased - indicating that SCs had activated and productively fused into the myofibers over this interval. Transcriptomic analysis showed that SCs from uninjured ΔIg3-MuSK mice exhibit signatures of activation. Regeneration experiments showed that ΔIg3-MuSK SCs maintain full stem cell function. Expression of ΔIg3-MuSK in adult SCs was sufficient to break quiescence and increase myofiber size. We conclude that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates SC quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous, age-dependent manner. Targeting MuSK-BMP signaling in muscle stem cells thus emerges a therapeutic strategy for promoting muscle growth and function in the settings of injury, disease, and aging.
Regulating uric acid
Authors: Hu Caihong
Published: November 2024

Certain strains of a bacterium found in the gut of some animals, Lactobacillus plantarum, are able to counter hyperuricemia, a condition caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.
Examination of optical coherence tomography findings in patients with pregabalin use disorder
Authors: Kılıç Osman Hasan Tahsin , Bayram Zehra Nur , Kiyat Pelin , Karti Omer , Aral Arzu , Munis Nazlı Deniz , Mutlu Berfin Gurbet
Published: November 2024

Background

Pregabalin abuse is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide, and little is known about the effects of prolonged high-dose use in patients with pregabalin use disorder.

Objective

In this study, the effects of pregabalin abuse on retinal layers were investigated in patients with pregabalin use disorder (PGUD).

Methods

This study included 35 controls and 34 patients with PGUD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) measurements including the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) were performed. RNFL thickness was evaluated in four quadrants (inferior, superior, nasal, temporal). GCL-IPL and GCC thickness were evaluated in six sectors (superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, inferotemporal, superotemporal).

Results

GCC inferonasal (p = 0.040, r = 0.354), GCC inferior (p = 0.018, r = 0.402) GCL-IPL inferior (p = 0.031, r = 0.370) and GCL-IPL inferotemporal (p = 0.029, r = 0.376) thickness were positively correlated with the duration of pregabalin use. There was no significant sector or quadrant-wise difference between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings emphasized the drug’s potential neuroprotective effect. It should be taken into consideration that neurodegenerative changes due to substance use disorder occur with long-term. Longitudinal prospective studies investigating dose-duration relationship are needed.
Begait Sheep Production Systems and Breeding Practices of Smallholder Farmers in Tigrai, Ethiopia
Authors: Tsigab Teklehaimanot , Tadese Yosef , Tesfay Zelealem
Published: November 2024

Reconnaissance tour, focus group discussion and semi-structured interview were used to generate the dataset from 144 randomly selected small holder Begait sheep owners in two districts of Tigrai region, namely Tahtayadyabo and Kaftahumera, Ethiopia. The study was made to understand Begait sheep production systems: breeding practices, breeding objectives, and constraints to develop breeding strategies for Begait sheep smallholder farmers in the two districts of Tigrai regional state. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of SPSS 2010. The study area was characterized by mixed crop-livestock system where farmers livelihood depends on both crop and livestock production, and most farmers in the study area keep sheep primarily as source of income. The mean (±SE) overall livestock holding per households are 55.69 ±4.88 sheep, 28.36 ±2.43 goats, 9.23 ±1.05 cattle, 9.87 ±1.08 poultry, 1.33±0.11 donkeys, 0.14 ±0.02 camels, and 0.39 ±0.19 honey bee. The main feed sources for sheep in the area were crop residue (index =0.38), range land (index =0.31), hay (index =0.16), and natural pasture (index =0.14) (what is the difference between range land and natural pasture?).  The majority of the farmers (77.78 %) shelter their sheep in separate housing during the night to prevent from thefts and predators. Even though controlled breeding poorly practiced in the study area, 99.31% and 87.50 % of the respondents practiced selection for breeding male and females respectively. Color, body size, facial profile, libido and tail size were the - traits of choice in selecting Begait rams for breeding across the two districts. Milk yield, body size, color, tail size and facial profile were traits used in selecting future Begait breeding ewes. Disease, feed and water shortage, limitation of grazing land, predator and market demand were identified production constraints to utilize the potential of Begait sheep breed that need special attention in designing breeding and effective management strategy.
The Physiological Aspects of Endocrine Disrutors in Reproduction: A Review
Authors: Ugoji Darlington-Peter Chibuzor , Anyigor-Ogah Chijioke Stanley , Uwakwe Emmanuel Chijioke , Idika Idika Mba
Published: November 2024

Endocrine disruptors are environmental compounds that affect the normal hormones synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action or elimination. There interference occurs at certain doses of the chemicals and can cause birth anomalies, as well as sexual developmental problems in both males and females. These hormones play significant role in reproduction. Endocrine disruptors are chemical substances which interfere with the natural hormones in the body and thus affect the maintenance of normal cell metabolism. They are also called hormonally active agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals or endocrine disrupting compounds. Biologically, these effects cause obesity, diabetes, reproductive problems as well as hormone sensitive cancers in both male and female. This is because of the release of great quantity of chemical, following the expansion of the industrial revolution which in turn leads to the alteration in the balance of endocrine and reproductive system. Studies in recent times has shown decline in female fecundity and sperm count. Furthermore, in the United States, the average age at menarche, thalarche and sexual development among minors, has speedily progressed, hence the need to identify their place in reproduction and put in control measures to prevent its attendance complications.
Evaluation of Standard Wire Loop Method in Determination of Significant Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Ekpoma
Authors: GM Adewuyi , KO Iyevhobu , BT Adewuyi , ARM Momoh , OS Samuel , KO Obohwemu
Published: November 2024

Standard wire loop method is a time-tested method for UTI diagnosis. The term "bacteriuria" means the presence of bacteria in urine. It may result from contamination during or after collection of urine or it may indicate the presence of bacteria in the bladder urine. There are several cultural quantitative techniques for determining bacteriuria but standard wire loop method is the most popular method though relatively simple and cheap. This study was carried out to evaluate the standard wire loop method for determination of significant bacteriuria among pregnant women in Ekpoma. A total of one hundred (100) early morning mid-stream urine samples from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Ekpoma and environs were collected aseptically using sterile, wide-mouthed, leak-proof universal bottles. Microscopic examination was carried out to detect the presence of pus cells, epithelial cells, red blood cells, yeast cells, crystals, parasites, bacteria and casts. Undiluted urine, 1:10and 1:1000 diluted urine samples were aseptically inoculated into blood agar and MacConkey agar using the Standard Loop method and compared with Miles and Mirsa method, it was incubated at 370C aerobically for 24 hours. After incubation colonies were counted and isolates identified by standard biochemical methods. Colony count of ≥105 CFU per ml were considered as significant growth. In vitro antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined using disc diffusion technique. The data generated was analyzed statistically using the chi-squared statistics to ascertain the significance of the results. Out of 100 urine samples collected 39(39%) samples yielded significant bacterial growth, while 61(61%) of the samples had no significant bacterial growth or no growth with higher prevalence in age group <25 years which is a sexually active group than in other age group ≤35 years which had incidence rate of 12 (25%). Standard loop method gave false positive rates of 4/35 (11.4%) and false negative rates of 4/36 (11.1%). The standard loop was found to have a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 88.9% and identical results in 76.3% of the samples. To reduce bacteriuria and consequently prevent UTIs, it is necessary to take the precautions by doing regular routine check-ups and appropriate treatment. For large scale urine surveys the method chosen should be reasonably accurate, fast and simple to use. The materials required should be minimal, stable and easily transported. It is recommended that the method of choice for most laboratories is the standard loop method.
Eco-Habitat Assessment of One of the Most Expensive Edible Mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake) in Genekha, Thimphu, Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Nythri , Verma Praveen Kumar
Published: November 2024

Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Singer is most expensive edible mushroom, naturally grown dispersed in temperate oak pine forested areas in Bhutan. It is ectomycorrhizal fungi with high ecological and economic value requiring an important ecological niche and symbiotic tree associates. The present study is an attempt to give an account on floristic composition and vegetation structure of Tricholoma matsutake habitat in Genekha, Thimphu. A total of 10 plots were enumerated with plot size of 20m X 20m, 5m X 5m and 2m X 2m for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. PAST (Paleontological Statistics) 4.10 software was used for diversity analysis.  A total of 58 species under 44 genera belonging to 26 families were recorded in the natural habitat of matsutake. The study revealed that T. matsutake is associated with Quercus semecarpifolia Sm., Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jack., Rhododendron spp., and Pieris formosa (Wall.) D. Don. J-shaped distribution curve of DBH and height class with fair regeneration status is obtained for associated species in the habitat. The Menhinick’s species richness of (2.26, 2) for both North facing habitat (NFH) and South facing habitats (SFH) indicated high species richness. Moderate and low diversity is indicated with Simpsons index 0.94 (NFH) and 0.76 (SFH), Shannon index 3.06 (NFH) and 2.49 (SFH) with moderately even distribution 0.74(NFH) and 0.73 (SFH) of species in the habitats. Sorensens similarity index of 0.9 indicated highly similar species composition between two habitats. This research provides current floristic and vegetation structure of Tricholoma matsutake habitat, that will have high significance in habitat management and conservation.
Examining the Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Teachers’ Performance in 12 Year-Basic Education in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda
Authors: Uwamahoro Bruce , Shavega Theresia J. , Maulid Maulid J.
Published: November 2024

While numerous studies determined leadership styles in schools, limited research addresses the specific impact of transformational leadership on teachers’ performance in 12-year Basic Education. This study examined influence of transformational leadership on teachers’ performance in 12 Year Basic Education in Nyaruguru district, Rwanda. The study employed quantitative approach with correlational design, utilizing regression analysis and correlational analysis. This study used the sample of 164 teachers from 12 schools in Nyaruguru district. Proportional sampling determined the number of teachers from each school, and simple random sampling selected individual respondents. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation techniques with SPSS (version 27). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and teacher performance: individualized influence accounts for 71% of performance variation, idealized influence 70.6%, intellectual stimulation 58.8%, and inspirational motivation 45.9%. Increased use of transformational leadership by headteachers enhances teachers' performance in instructional planning, student assessment, and parental collaboration. The study recommends that the government provide guideline documents on transformational leadership for schools and encourages headteachers to adopt this style to enhance teacher performance.
Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme: A Framework for Selection and Aggregation of Key Indicators
Authors: Raut P. V. , Atre A. A. , Gavit B. K. , Dingre S. K. , Nandgude S. B.
Published: November 2024

The measure of the effectiveness of watershed development programmes depends on selecting the right set of evaluation indicators that reflect the programme’s goals, including resource management, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic benefits. In this paper, the focus is on the process of selecting and aggregating the key indicators to assess the success of watershed development initiatives. By categorizing indicators into relevant themes such as Terrain Management, Water Resources Utilization, Agronomic Vitality, Livestock Vitality, Employability, Human Empowerment, and Sustainability. This paper highlights the importance of using a structured approach to ensure comprehensive evaluation. Proper selection and aggregation of indicators emphasize the importance of context-specific indicators to ensure accurate and effective programme evaluation and lead to providing valuable insights for programme assessment and future improvements.