bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning Tensegrity: Simplified Construction and Cable Tension Interactions
Authors: Denning Harrison , Bullinger Ammon , Hill Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2024

Tensegrity structures are comprised of compressive members held in static equilibrium with cables in tension. These structures have been modeled and studied extensively for its use in architectural, impact, robotic, and bio-inspired mechanisms. This has necessitated new methods of precisely constructing tensegrity structures and abilities to determine the prestressed state of said structures. This is made clear a gap in knowledge about how to measure individual cable tensions and understand the affect each has on every other cable in the system. This paper seeks to establish generalizable principles of tensegrity construction and pairs it with a novel application of the relationship between cable frequency and cable tension. Principles of tunable tensegrity are applied to a 6-bar, 24 string icosahedral tensegrity model and establish an easily scalable method of construction. Individual cable frequencies are measured using conventional hardware and free software which is then used to accurately estimate the tension. Finally an investigation is made into the relationships between cable tensions and the response of cable frequencies when one cable’s tension is manipulated.
Application of Embedded FBG Sensors for Monitoring the Structural Stability of Residential Timber Buildings Under Hurricane
Authors: Zabihollah Abolghassem , Hajyalikhani Poorya , Ghorshi Seyed , Vuddandam Rajesh
Published: October 2024

The present work investigates the application of Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) systems as embedded strain and temperature sensors in residential timber buildings. Due to their corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference immunity, and high sensitivity, (FBG) sensors have been used as embedded temperature and strain sensors for real-time monitoring the structural healthy in aerospace, automotive, and civil infra structures. A proof-of-the concept experimental setup validates the system’s performance and functionality. A scaled-down timber building has been built and placed in a wind tunnel to estimate the structural performance and stability of the building under wind load. The attached FBG sensors measure the change in strain and wavelength of FBGs. At the second phase, the reported strain will be used to estimate the load-carrying capacity of the building. Using Internet of Things (IoT) algorithms, a mobile application can be developed that provides a collecting, storing, processing, and reporting platform for the structural health monitoring system. The assessment results are used to generate condition-based maintenance, safety, and stability reports as well as issuing real-time failure and damage warnings, enhancing the overall resilience of the residual buildings. The present work focuses on the first phase of the proposed structural health monitoring system for residential buildings.
Optimizing Tensegrity Structures for Variable Shock Environments
Authors: Layer Brett , Denning Harrison , Hill Jeffery R.
Published: October 2024

Determining the sizing of a protection system for a given shock environment is challenging. The sizing depends on several key factors, such as the mass of the payload, the maximum acceleration the payload can experience, the velocity of the system, and the mass of the actual system. This paper explores a method to determine the size of an icosahedral tensegrity system designed to protect a payload using a surrogate model of that system. The surrogate system is then tested iteratively using a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal system parameters. The surrogate model was validated to ensure that assumptions used to construct that model preserve the desired characteristics of the physical system. Once validated, a physical prototype was built to test an optimal condition solution that was calculated and was tested to ensure that the payload remained within the design constraints.
Sensor Package Deployment and Recovery Cone With Integrated Video Streaming for Rapid Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Satme Joud N. , Yount Ryan , Goujevskii Nikita , Jannazzo Luke , Downey Austin R. J.
Published: October 2024

This study presents an approach for structural health monitoring (SHM) of remote and hazardous structures using unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs). The method focuses on overcoming the challenges associated with traditional sensor deployment techniques, which are often costly and risky due to the decaying nature of the targeted structures. Utilizing a multi-rotor UAV platform, a streaming camera is integrated into a recovery cone to aid in visual alignment during deployment and retrieval providing a safe and cost-effective means of sensor delivery. The paper covers the design of a video-broadcasting deployment system with integrated electropermanent magnets (EPMs), housed in a 3D-printed recovery cone, supplemented by redundancy measures to enhance safety and reliability. This proposed system significantly improves the user’s spatial awareness and aids in precise sensor package alignment, facilitated by multiple camera views providing a dual purpose of conducting visual inspection in addition to aiding in sensor delivery. The experimental analysis presented in this study validates the system’s effectiveness, demonstrating the utility of camera-aided sensor delivery for rapid SHM applications. Navigation challenges due to proximity to metal structures and the difficulties associated with signal strength and reflections are also reported. The contribution of this work is a methodology for aerial sensor deployment and retrieval using a lightweight 3D-printed recovery cone with integrated cameras for navigation and sensor alignment.
Microstructural Design and Analysis of Nickel Titanium Reinforced Self-Healing Metal-Metal Composites
Authors: Haider Muhammad Istiaque , Srivastava Vaibhav , Church Benjamin , Rohatgi Pradeep , Salowitz Nathan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a recent investigation into the microstructural design and optimization of Nickel Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced metal-metal composites with considerations of material strength and self-healing ability.

Self-healing materials have the potential to revolutionize the design of engineering structures by changing the definition of failure, resulting in lighter weight and more efficient vehicles and structures. As a result, engineered self-healing materials and structures have been the subject of significant investigation in recent years. One of the most promising self-healing material systems is composed of NiTi SMA wires reinforcing a Bismuth-Tin (BiSn) metal matrix. After fracture, upon heating actuation, this non-autonomic self-healing system can restore bulk geometry, and then weld itself back together restoring nearly 100% of its original strength. Being entirely metallic, the entire structure is load bearing, and no consumables are expended in the healing process, meaning that healing can be repeated indefinitely.

The self-healing capability of NiTi reinforced Bi-Sn has been well demonstrated, but understanding of the material structure, failure mechanisms, and self-healing activity is currently very limited. The mechanics and related properties of failure around the interface between the NiTi wires (fibers) and BiSn matrix was only recently studied. It was found that chemically etching the NiTi wires to remove native oxides drastically increased the interface strength, sufficient to initiate detwinning of the NiTi and shape memory effect (normal stress > 340 MPa) and produced alternate failure mechanisms.

Composite design relating volume fractions of fiber and matrix to strength and failure mechanisms has been well studied in static materials. However, breakage in this self-healing composite system is complicated by the detwinning and accumulation of recoverable strain in the NiTi during deformation.

This paper presents an investigation into the microstructural (composite) design of the NiTi-BiSn system. Design theory is developed matched to experimental results in a unidirectional NiTi-BiSn metal-metal composite for fiber diameter. Fiber diameter is related to actuation forces produced in individual NiTi fibers as well as surface area and the related stresses introduced relative to interfacial failure strengths. Overall volume fraction is also related to the potential strength of actuation (blocking stress) and potential production of residual compressive stresses after actuation through post constrained recovery residual stresses (PCRRS) in the NiTi.
Realization and Space-Qualification of a Solar Composite Panel With Integrated Supercapacitors
Authors: Geier Sebastian , Petersen Jan , Wierach Peter
Published: October 2024

Available energy is the most decisive factor for a successful space mission. The electrical energy provided, determines the duration of the mission and thus the amount of scientific data obtained. A lot of research is currently done to develop powerful and efficient batteries. Due to the chemical storage processes their lifetime is limited to much less than 30000 cycles. In contrast, supercapacitors use reversable physical processes for energy storage. This principle allows more than 1 million cycles. Therefore, they can be considered as maintenance-free and to be the ideal candidates for structural integration. This approach offers great opportunities to save weight and volume, which are interesting properties for expensive space applications.

In this publication, semi-finished thin-film supercapacitors are integrated into fiber-reinforced plastics composites by autoclave processing. The supercapacitors are manufactured using aluminum collectors coated a with an activated carbon electrode. As electrolyte the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide is used as electrolyte.

Within the project Hybrid Solar Energy Storage (HySES) an experimental setup was build using commercial batteries and integrated supercapacitors for a DLR satellite mission. After intensive electro-mechanical material characterizations and design challenges the whole setup was tested under vacuum-thermal cycling and intensive mechanical stresses. Following the project Peak Power Platform (PPP) 2019, this is the second application using integrated supercapacitors proven for in-orbit tests.
Prospective cohort study of Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chen Changxi , Si Sha , Du Juan , Li Hongliang
Published: October 2024

To investigate the epidemiological connection between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori). 6,478 retired and active workers, aged 22-69 years, were included in the study. Their baseline measures of height, weight, waist measurement, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, plasma lipid, liver function index, glycosylated hemoglobin, abdominal ultrasonography, and findings from the line “13 C urea breath test” H. pylori test were analyzed, and follow-up with consistent baseline methods and criteria was performed annually. Over a 4-year period, the prevalence of NAFLD increased by 16.9%, with 612 (18.7%) of those who tested positive for H. pylori developing NAFLD, whereas 484 (15.1%) of those who did not test positive for H. pylori were later diagnosed with new NAFLD ( χ2 = 14.862, P < 0.05). One of the risk factors identified in the univariable Cox regression model for NAFLD was H. pylori (Hazard Ratio = 1.297; 95.0% confidence interval (CI) 1.150,1.485, P < 0.000); however, H. pylori continued to be an independent factor affecting the risk of NAFLD even after accounting for gender, age, and aspects of the metabolic syndrome (Hazard Ratio = 1.240; 95.0% CI 1.077,1.429, P = 0.003). The growth of NAFLD may be correlated with H. pylori infection.
A computational study and analysis of Variational Quantum Eigensolver over multiple parameters for molecules and ions
Authors: Sivakumar Ashwin , K Nair Harishankar , Joshi Aurum , R Kenson Wesley , P Videsh Akash , P Reena Monica
Published: October 2024

Material discovery is a phenomenon practiced since the evolution of the world. The discovery of materials has led to significant development in varied fields such as Science, Engineering and Technology. Computationally simulating molecules has been an area of interest in the industry as well as academia. However, simulating large molecules can be computationally expensive in terms of computing power and complexity. Quantum computing is a recent development that can improve the efficiency in predicting properties of atoms and molecules which will be useful for material design. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one such quantum algorithm used to calculate the ground state energy of molecules or ions. In this study, we have done a comparative analysis of the parameters that constitute the VQE algorithm. This includes components such as basis, qubit mapping, ansatz, and optimizers used. We have also developed a database consisting of 79 single atoms and their variations of oxidation states and 33 molecules with the data of their Hamiltonian and ground state energy and dipole moment.
The AMPK–mTOR Pathway Is Inhibited by Chaihu Shugan Powder, Which Relieves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Autophagic Ferroptosis
Authors: Liang Zheng , Pi Dajin , Zhen Jianwei , Yan Haizhen , Zheng Chuiyang , Liang Chen July , Fan Wen , Song Qingliang , Pan Jinyue , Liu Dongdong , Pan Maoxing , Yang Qinhe , Zhang Yupei
Published: October 2024

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is distinguished by the accumulation of fat in the liver, damage to liver cells, and inflammation. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) blend extensively utilized in China to address liver disease, has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing lipid buildup and effectively combating inflammation. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to examine the impacts and possible mechanisms of CSP on NASH through assessments of liver histopathology, lipidomic analysis, and gene expression. To induce a mouse model of NASH, we employed a diet which deficient in methionine and choline, known as methionine–choline deficient (MCD) diet. Initially, we examined the impact of administering CSP to NASH mice by assessing the levels of serum and liver indicators. We found that CSP was able to reduce lipid buildup and inflammation in mice. In addition, a total of 1009 genes exhibited enrichment in both the autophagy and ferroptosis pathways. The liver protein levels of Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase–mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK–mTOR)‐mediated autophagy and ferroptosis markers, such as p‐AMPKα/AMPKα, p‐mTOR/mTOR, Beclin‐1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma (LC3), p62 (sequestosome 1 [SQSTM1/p62]), Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were restored by CSP. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the suppression of autophagy had a repressive impact on the occurrence of ferroptosis in the mouse model, indicating that autophagy activation likely plays a role in mediating ferroptosis in NASH.
A Comparative Assessment of Chromium–Boron Hardfacing Using SMAW and FCAW Techniques
Authors: C. Chowda Reddy , Reddy K. M. Kenchi , Jayadeva C. T. , S. C. Ramesh Kumar , Kaviti R. Vara Prasad , Bhowmik Abhijit , Prakash Chander
Published: October 2024

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux‐cored arc welding (FCAW) on mild steel substrates for chromium–boron hardfacing. Chromium–boron alloys are hard‐wearing and corrosion‐resistant materials used in industries where wear resistance is critical. The study aims to identify the best welding technique for increasing surface hardness and wear resistance. Standard test specimens were chosen and deposited using SMAW and FCAW processes. SMAW uses an electrode covered with flux, which turns into a sticky state when heated, while FCAW uses a core wire fabricated from flux, which generates a shielded gas upon melting. The effectiveness of each welding technique is assessed based on deposition efficiency, dilution rate, microstructure, hardness distribution, and wear resistance. This research helps industries choose the most efficient material and method for improving wear and corrosion resistance in applications like mining, construction, agriculture, and manufacturing. On average, FCAW offers a 1.67% improvement in hardness and 28.12% improvement in mass loss reduction when compared to SMAW.
Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Authors: Sackey Lyndon N. A. , Okobeng Augustine , Obidieh Priscilla Yawa , Ngala Flora-Marie Mpaka , Otoo Emmanuel Bentum , Quartey Jeremiah , Bentil Joseph A. , Azanu David
Published: October 2024

The disposal of pharmaceutical wastewater has gained increasing attention due to its potential adverse effects on the environment and public health. This study aims to assess the concentration of pharmaceutical contaminants and their toxicity to aquatic organisms. A qualitative research approach was used. Composite samples were collected from the effluent storage system. Various analytical techniques, including high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were employed to detect and quantify pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater samples. The results revealed various pharmaceutical compounds (ibuprofen 28 μg/L, diclofenac 27.20 μg/L, paracetamol 22.03 μg/L, and tramadol <0.01 μg/L) in the wastewater. The maximal environmental concentration (MEC) for all the detected pharmaceuticals was high; hence, the risk quotients (RQs) indicated potential toxicity (RO > 1). It further indicates that the effluent was more toxic to animals (daphnia and fish) than algae (plants). It can be concluded that pharmaceutical effluent was toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, there is a need to implement stringent regulatory measures to mitigate untreated pharmaceutical effluent in water bodies. Addressing pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater is crucial to safeguarding the environment and public health in an increasing pharmaceutical use and production era.
Relationship Between BMI, Self‐Rated Depression, and Food Addiction—A Cross‐Sectional Study of Adults in Postpandemic Poland
Authors: Zielińska Magdalena , Łuszczki Edyta , Bartosiewicz Anna , Oleksy Łukasz , Stolarczyk Artur , Dereń Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Depression and obesity are two diseases that have a profound impact on global health. The relationship between obesity and depression is strongly comorbid, tending to exacerbate metabolic and depressive symptoms. Research also shows that there are complex interactions between obesity, depression symptoms, and food addiction (FA). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), self‐rated depression, and FA. The study sample consisted of 735 subjects (90.2% female, MBMI = 27.58 kg/m2, standard deviation (SD)BMI = 6.58 kg/m2) aged 18–70 years (M = 39.01, SD = 14.07). The prevalence of FA symptoms was measured using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and self‐rated depression was assessed using the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale. The prevalence of FA in the group was 41% and self‐rated depression was present in 34.1% of the participants. It was found that the higher the BMI of the subjects, the higher the severity of FA, but the BMI was not significantly correlated with the severity of depression. In addition, the greater the severity of self‐rated depression, the greater the severity of FA. This correlation was stronger for men than for women in the 18–30 and 31–45 age groups. The severity of self‐rated depression and FA was significantly higher in people with an eating disorders. This study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that the presence and severity of FA are associated with the severity of self‐rated depression, particularly in younger adults. In addition, people with a high BMI, indicating obesity, are more likely to have FA, especially severe FA.
Measles Outbreaks in the Republic of Congo: Epidemiology of Laboratory‐Confirmed Cases Between 2019 and 2022
Authors: Mavoungou Yanne Vanessa Thiécesse , Niama Fabien Roch , Gangoué Léa Gwladys , Koukouikila-Koussounda Felix , Bayonne Marianne Bouanga , Nkoua Badzi Cynthia , Gandza Gampouo Leblanc Albert , Kiminou Pathou Christelle , Biyama-Kimia Paule , Mahoukou Princesse , Bongolo Loukabou Nadia Claricelle , Kankou Jean Medard , Mayengue Pembe Issamou , Ahombo Gabriel
Published: October 2024

In Africa, measles epidemics are frequently reported, despite numerous preventive measures, such as vaccination, which targets children under 5 years of age. Unfortunately, the Republic of the Congo is not an exception to this major health concern. Indeed, many cases are reported annually. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of laboratory‐confirmed measles cases from January 2019 to October 2022 as well as the risk factors associated with the occurrence of measles outbreak. Samples from suspected measles cases were collected across the country and sent to the National Laboratory of Public Health for confirmation. Specific IgM was tested using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics (p < 0.05 was statistically significant). A total of 1330 samples were collected and analyzed. Over those 4 years, 537 samples were confirmed to be positive (40.3%) but with important disparities between years. A relatively low frequency of cases was reported in 2020. Overall, a progressive and significant evolution of positive cases was observed between 2019 and 2022, increasing from 16.8% in 2019 to 65.9% in 2022 (p < 0.0001). We report a low vaccination rate among children (44.8%) and a significantly high positivity rate in this group (46.6%) (p < 0.0008). No difference was reported according to the completeness of the vaccination scheme (p = 0.094). Females were slightly more exposed to this infection than males (p = 0.04; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.25 [1.01–1.6]), with an increased risk of exposure in rural areas (p = 0.0001; aOR: 0.41 [0.32–0.53]). The department of Pointe‐Noire had the highest positivity rate, while three other departments were considered high‐risk areas: Likouala (p = 0.0001; aOR: 3.18 [1.80–5.61]), Pool (p = 0.0001; aOR: 2.90 [1.70–4.95]), and Brazzaville (p = 0.0005; aOR: 0.52 [0.36–0.75]). This study calls for strengthening the epidemiological surveillance system and vaccination strategy in the country. It remains important to research factors that induce a high positive rate among vaccinated children by biological verification of the immunization.
Overweight and Obesity Among In‐School Children and Adolescents (5–19 Years) in Ghana: A Scoping Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Amoadu Mustapha , Obeng Paul , Abekah Baah Jones , Acquah Philomina , Cobbinah Godfred , Aku Ogum Mary , Owusu Sarfo Jacob , Wilson Ansah Edward
Published: October 2024

Overweight and obesity are linked to the severity of infections and the development of chronic conditions among children and adolescents in Ghana. Hence, estimating the current prevalence and its determinants is imperative to guide public health interventions. This review mapped evidence on the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among in‐school children and adolescents (aged 5–19 years) in Ghana. Three main databases (PubMed, Central, and JSTOR) were searched for studies conducted in Ghana. Also, the study included only studies published online between 2010 and 2022. The search produced 1214 records, with an additional 23 identified through a search conducted in Google, Google Scholar, the WHO library, HINARI, and institutional repositories. After a thorough screening, 24 records were synthesized. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among the 23,663 in‐school children and adolescents in Ghana was 0.5%–47.06%. Females have higher odds of being overweight than males. In addition, lack of nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge and low participation in school sports and physical activities exposed in‐school children and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. Consumption of unhealthy foods, late bed, smoking, loneliness, watching television, and playing computer games exposed schoolchildren and adolescents in Ghana to overweight and obesity. There are relatively high levels of overweight and obesity among school‐going children and adolescents in Ghana. Addressing sex gaps in PA, ensuring healthy eating, and limiting sedentary lifestyles is the surest way to promote healthy weight among in‐school children and adolescents in Ghana.
Pharmacognostic Characterization of Panchatikta, an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Combination—Exploring the Role of Botanical and Phytochemical Techniques in the Standardization and Validation of Traditional Wisdom
Authors: Harinarayanan C. M. , Deepak M. , Geetha S. P. , Karnwal Arun , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Anupam , Malik Tabarak
Published: October 2024

Panchatikta is an Ayurvedic multiherbal combination containing five bitter‐tasting drugs—Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia, Justicia adhatoda, Solanum virginianum, and Trichosanthes dioica. The objective of this study is to develop standards for Panchatikta ingredients using pharmacognostic parameters and to analyze the chemical composition. The plant materials were collected from different natural habitats, authenticated, dried, ground, and the combination was prepared by mixing the ingredients in equal amounts followed by macroscopic, organoleptic, microscopic, histochemical, and physicochemical characterization according to the standard protocol of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Special morphological characteristics of the A. indica (stem bark), T. cordifolia (stem), J. adhatoda (roots), S. virginainum (roots), and T. dioica (aerial parts) were identified. The anatomical structure of each drug was observed, and microscopic markers were developed for identification. Histochemical deposits such as starch, oil, lignin, and tannin were located in each plant material. Powder characters such as fibers from phloem with pointed ends and narrow lumen, parenchyma cells containing starch grains, crystal fibers, fragments of bordered pitted vessels, fragments of pitted vessels, cells containing black powdery masses, and epidermal cells from leaves in surface view with an anomocytic stomata were identified as the key features for the Panchatikta combination. The organoleptic characterization of component drugs and combinations was performed. The physicochemical evaluation of parameters such as ash content (5.53 ± 0.29), water‐insoluble ash (4.57 ± 0.32), acid‐insoluble ash (1.55 ± 0.31), alcohol‐soluble extract (5.9 ± 1.21), water‐soluble extract (9.19 ± 0.21), fiber content (33.27 ± 1.37), total sugar (1.83 ± 0.65), and reducing sugar (1.73 ± 0.40) were evaluated for the Panchatikta combination. Preliminary phytochemical tests were carried out to verify the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, glycosides, and steroids. The HPTLC profile comparison of ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Panchatikta and single drugs showed some type of synergy and antagonistic activities among the chemical principles present. Marker‐based screening of azadirachtin, betulinic acid, and lupeol was done in Panchatikta ethanol using HPTLC. As Panchatikta is prescribed for various life‐threatening diseases including cancer, the standards developed here ensure the authenticity of the ingredients, which in turn ensures the quality of the prepared medicines.
MRI-free processing of tau PET images for early detection
Authors: Carlson Mackenzie L. , Smith Viktorija , Johns Emily , Young Christina B. , Vossler Hillary , Ward Tyler , Harrison Theresa M. , Tosun Duygu , Hohman Timothy , Landau Susan M. , Mormino Elizabeth C.
Published: October 2024

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is becoming increasingly common to assess in vivo tau burden. MR images are often acquired to assist with processing of PET data, including for region-of-interest definitions in native space and for normalization to template space. However, in the real-world setting, corresponding MRIs may not be available and PET processing may require MRI-free pipelines. This is particularly important and challenging as the field moves towards early detection among clinically unimpaired (CU) individuals where changes in tau PET signal are expected to be subtle. We used two independent [18F]Flortaucipir tau PET datasets to evaluate whether MRI-free PET processing can detect subtle tau PET uptake differences in Amyloid+ (A+) CU individuals (preclinical AD) versus A-. Standardized Uptake Value Ratios (SUVRs) from MRI-free compared to MRI-based methods were evaluated using linear regression and linear mixed-effects regression models. Effect size differences between A+/- CU groups in MRI-free processed cross-sectional and longitudinal tau PET SUVRs were compared to differences quantified through MRI-based processing. Regional MRI-free SUVRs were highly correlated with MRI-based SUVRs within CU individuals (average ICC = 0.90 for ADNI CU and 0.81 for A4 CU). MRI-free and MRI-based pipelines resulted in similar estimates of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences between A- and A+ CU, even in early focal regions within the medial temporal lobe.
Nadus overlaeti (Navás, 1931) redescribed—new to the fauna of Mozambique, Namibia and Tanzania (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)
Authors: DOBOSZ ROLAND , ÁBRAHÁM LEVENTE , BĄKOWSKI MAREK
Published: October 2024

Two species used to be included in the African genus Nadus: Nadus overlaeti (Navás, 1931) and Nadus sudanensis Navás, 1935. Following our revision of the genus, we propose that Nadus sudanensis Navás, 1935 (syn.nov.) should be a new junior synonym of Nadus overlaeti (Navás, 1931). The monobasic genus and species are redescribed. Several photographs illustrate morphological features. The distribution, habitat, and seasonal activity of the species are given.
Contributions of Computerized Dynamic Assessment and Digitalized Feedback to L2 Learners’ Grammar Acquisition: Technology-Enhanced Learning Facilitation Theory
Authors: Karimpour Sedigheh , Namaziandost Ehsan , Kargar Behbahani Hossein
Published: October 2024

As an integral part of dynamic assessment, computerized dynamic assessment (CDA) offers learners computer-assisted automated mediation. Accordingly, the possible efficacy of corrective feedback seems to be enhanced with new technologies, such as artificial intelligence tools, that offer automatic corrective feedback. Using technology-enhanced learning facilitation theory, this study examined, in this respect, the combined effect of CDA and digitalized feedback (DF) on L2 learners' grammar acquisition. Under a quantitative methodology and in an Iranian language institute, the study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group to evaluate how CDA with DF affected language learners' grammar acquisition. The statistical analyses using t-tests and ANCOVAs revealed that compared to the control group, the experimental group that underwent CDA with DF showed notable increases in both comprehension and production of conditional type 1. The results underlined how well the theory of technology-enhanced learning facilitation helps recognize and produce the target grammatical feature. Emphasizing the significance of including individualized instruction, dynamic assessment, and DF in language teaching and learning methods, implications for language teachers, syllabus designers, materials producers, and policymakers are offered.
Advertisement Blindness in Mobile Social Media Apps
Authors: Szladovics Nora , Palmer Evan M.
Published: October 2024

Advertisement blindness is a general term that refers to people’s tendency to automatically and unconsciously ignore advertisements. The phenomenon was originally identified in banner ads, then later in text and native ads on websites. Today, social media is an effective tool for advertisers, yet research investigating users’ interaction habits with social media ads in mobile applications is unexplored. This study expands the ad blindness concept to mobile social media apps, examining its presence and whether target position has an influence. To test these questions, we used a search task where participants browsed a mock scrollable Facebook news feed and identified posts that fit certain semantic categories. The study found that participants had higher accuracy in content posts than in ad posts, also ad avoidance was prevalent in the last third of the news feed. Overall, these results revealed the first evidence of ad blindness on social media mobile applications.
Unlocking the regenerative key: Targeting stem cell factors for bone renewal
Authors: Karima Gul , Kim Hwan D.
Published: October 2024

Stem cell factors (SCFs) are pivotal factors existing in both soluble and membrane-bound forms, expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts throughout the body. These factors enhance cell growth, viability, and migration in multipotent cell lineages. The preferential expression of SCF by arteriolar ECs indicates that arterioles create a unique microenvironment tailored to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Insufficiency of SCF within bone marrow (BM)-derived adipose tissue results in decreased their overall cellularity, affecting HSCs and their immediate progenitors critical for generating diverse blood cells and maintaining the hematopoietic microenvironment. SCF deficiency disrupts BM function, impacting the production and differentiation of HSCs. Additionally, deleting SCF from adipocytes reduces lipogenesis, highlighting the crucial role of SCF/c-kit signaling in controlling lipid accumulation. This review elucidates the sources, roles, mechanisms, and molecular strategies of SCF in bone renewal, offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements, challenges, and future directions for leveraging SCF as a key agent in regenerative medicine.
The Economic Penalty of Terrorism: Increase in Discrimination against Arabs and Muslims after Paris Attacks
Authors: Wagner Sander , Petev Ivaylo D.
Published: October 2024

What repercussions does Islamist terrorism have for Arab/Muslim minorities in targeted countries? We highlight consequences in the domain of online real estate rental. Using high-frequency data on all transactions happening on the largest Parisian online rental market over the period of November 2014 to March 2018, we are able to trace the evolution of prices and occupancy rates over time. We demonstrate that discrimination against properties hosted by Arab/Muslims rises swiftly in the aftermath of the terror attacks in November 2015 and wanes at a much slower pace. We quantify the average financial loss per listing that results from increased discrimination to equal $178 per month. Our findings not only highlight the presence of discrimination in peer-to-peer transactions but also show how sharing economy data measuring these transactions can be used as a “seismograph” to track and measure the development of discriminatory attitudes in response to societal events.
Exploring Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Practices Among African Americans in Rural Counties: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Harvey Idethia Shevon , Mkuu Rahma S. , Thompson Roy , Nouzovsky Anna , Johnson Kenné , Story Chandra , Seals Kayla , Idoko Ehi , Wiggins Arika
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to understand diabetes self-management practices among African American individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rural communities.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study, undergirded by the theory of integration, purposively sampled African Americans (N = 34) diagnosed with T2D living in rural communities. Thematic analysis employed both a priori and inductive coding to identify salient themes.

Results

Participants’ mean age was 65.9 (SD 12.3) years, with an average T2D diagnosis duration of 14 (SE 11.2) years. Two major themes emerged: deciphering the cues and body sensing, which the participants used to monitor their glucose level using a personalized feedback loop. Those with longer diabetes duration demonstrated an ability to recognize hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic symptoms (deciphering the cues), informing their decision-making and self-management strategies (body sensing).

Conclusions

The decision-making involved in glycemic level management emerges as a complex developmental process influenced by disease trajectory and cultural and environmental factors. These findings may inform a conceptual framework to guide future inquiries and provide insights for primary care clinicians and diabetes care and education specialists to better understand the complexities of T2D management among African American individuals in rural settings.
Necrotizing fasciitis: treatment concepts & clinical outcomes – an institutional experience
Authors: Raveendranadh Ajay , Prasad S. S. , Viswanath Vivek
Published: October 2024

Background

A severe infection of the skin and soft tissues, Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF), spreads quickly along the deep fascia. This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features, analyze the implicated bacteria’s antibiotic sensitivity, evaluate surgical management, and assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NST).

Methods

This single-center prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, with 171 proven cases of NSTI between 2019 and 2021. Clinico-demographic data and laboratory investigation values were collected at two-time points (at admission and 72 h after admission). Imaging data, LRINEC score, culture results, and antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Appropriate descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the statistical analysis.

Results

Of the 171 patients, 150 were male (87.7%). The mean age was 57.6 ± 13.1 years. The presenting features in all the cases were pain, swelling, and fever. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common comorbidity. The lower extremities were the most commonly affected sites. Streptococcus pyogenes showed significant growth in 25.41% of the samples. Ceftriaxone sensitivity was seen in 41/141. A score of ≥ 8 was obtained in 118/171 (69%) patients, suggesting a higher severity and significant risk for NSTI. The Area Under the Curve of Receiver Operating characteristic Curve (ROC) for establishing diagnostic accuracy for LRINEC was 0.694. Mortality was significantly higher in the patients with higher LRINEC scores and elevated procalcitonin. The mortality rate was higher in patients who underwent surgery within 12 h.

Conclusion

Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. The clinical features and determinants of mortality in patients with NF are highlighted in this study. At the outset, a high index of suspicion was critical. Using prognostic evaluation techniques in daily clinical practice will assist medical professionals in providing adequate on-time care and significantly lowering mortality. The AUC for LRINEC score, although significant, is low. LRINEC score is not to be used to determine whether surgical intervention should be expedited or anticipated. Its role is to aid in prognosticating the outcome of the individual patient. Our study concludes that early extensive surgical debridement remains the single most crucial intervention in patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis (NF), regardless of disease severity and the LRINEC score.
Cost-utility analysis for sublingual versus intravenous edaravone in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Yao , Wang Fangxu , Sun Shuang , Wei Jiayin , Tao Libo
Published: October 2024

Background

Edaravone has been widely used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treatment, and a sublingual (SL) tablet has been developed to offer a more convenient alternative for injection. We present a cost-utility analysis to comprehensively evaluate the costs and health outcomes of oral and intravenous edaravone for the treatment of ALS in Chinese medical context.

Methods

Cost-utility analysis of SL tablets of edaravone versus intravenous edaravone at home was performed by constructing a 20-year Markov model of ALS stage 1–4 and death. The data were extracted from the literature with model assumptions. Typical sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis for administering SL tablets at home versus intravenous tablets at the hospital were performed.

Results

In the base case analysis, with SL tablets and intravenous injections both at home, the model estimated an additional cost of ¥12,670.04 and an additional 0.034 QALYs over 20 years (life time) of modeling analysis, and the ICER was ¥372,648.24 per QALY. However, in the scenario of intravenous administration at the hospital, SL tablet was demonstrated dominance to intravenous injection.

Conclusions

Using 3 times the GDP per capita of China in 2023 as the threshold, the SL tablet edaravone was not cost-effective in the context of home treatment for both formulationst, but was dominance to intravenous injection in hospital treatment. The results highlighted the importance of treatment context for health economic analysis.
CYP19A1 regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through modulation of estrogen biosynthesis and mitochondrial function
Authors: Wang Yang , Ji Qiang , Cao Ning , Ge Guijie , Li Xiaomin , Liu Xiangdong , Mi Yanqi
Published: October 2024

Chemoresistance remains a major challenge in the effective treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), contributing to poor patient outcomes. While the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are complex and multifaceted, emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial function and hormone signaling play crucial roles. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP19A1, a key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, in regulating chemoresistance in CRC. Using a combination of in vitro functional assays, transcriptomic analysis, and clinical data mining, we demonstrate that CYP19A1 expression is significantly upregulated in CRC cells and patient-derived samples compared to normal controls. Mechanistically, we found that CYP19A1 regulates chemoresistance through modulation of mitochondrial function and complex I activity, which is mediated by CYP19A1-dependent estrogen biosynthesis. Notably, targeted inhibition of CYP19A1 and complex I using specific inhibitors effectively reversed the chemoresistance of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, analysis of the TCGA CRC dataset revealed that high CYP19A1 expression correlates with poor overall survival in chemotherapy-treated patients. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel role for CYP19A1 in regulating chemoresistance in CRC through modulation of mitochondrial function and estrogen signaling, and highlight the potential of targeting the CYP19A1/estrogen/complex I axis as a therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve patient outcomes.
Role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the management of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zajkowska Klaudia , Cegla Paulina , Dedecjus Marek
Published: October 2024

Follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas constitute the majority of thyroid malignancies. This heterogeneous group of tumours includes well differentiated, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated forms, which have distinct pathological features, clinical behaviour, and prognosis. Positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose combined with computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) is an imaging modality used in routine clinical practice for oncological patients. [18F]FDG PET/CT has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying patients at high risk of poor clinical outcomes and for facilitating individualized clinical decision-making. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in primary diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas considering the degree of differentiation. Controversial issues, including significance of accidentally detected [18F]FDG uptake in the thyroid, the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the early assessment of response to molecular targeted therapies, and its prognostic value are discussed in detail.
An adult case of large defect of small mesenteric hiatal hernia causing small bowel obstruction
Authors: Horiuchi Yuki , Nishimura Erica , Sashi Eriko , Matsuo Kazuhiro , Watanobe Nozomi , Ohtani Risa , Matsunami Koshiro , Muroi Takako , Hara Asuka , Hayashi Keita , Tajima Yuki , Kaneko Yasushi , Hamanaka Rurika , Fujisaki Hiroto , Hongo Kumiko , Yo Kikuo , Yoneyama Kimiyasu , Takano Kiminori , Nakagawa Motohito
Published: October 2024

Background

Small mesenteric hiatal hernias (SMHHs) are defined as a small group of internal hernias (IHs) that frequently diagnosed in children. However, SMHHs are relatively rare in adults. Bowel loop herniation via an abnormal mesenteric defect can lead to strangulated intestinal obstruction. Congenital SMHHs are commonly observed in pediatric patients, with some cases involving neonatal death.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old healthy male patient visited our hospital with a 2-day history of a sudden onset lower abdominal pain. He was initially diagnosed with enteritis. However, his symptoms worsened, and he was brought to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed formation of a closed loop in the small intestine within the pelvis and signs of ischemia. As the patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by IH, emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed to loosen the obstruction. The patient was found to have ascites and small-bowel necrosis. A part of the small intestine that measured 30 cm was strangulated via a large-diameter defect (17 × 11 cm) in the ileal mesentery. Via a small abdominal incision, the necrotic bowel was resected, and the mesenteric defect was repaired.

Conclusion

SMHHs are rare in adults, and they should be considered as potential causes of strangulated intestinal obstruction in adults without a history of laparotomy or trauma.