bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الإدارة التقنية للتطبيقات المالية والمحاسبية باستخدام الحاسوب
Authors: خليل بسمة
Published: March 2023

The computer development and it's application systems and other programming systems ,which work under windows for example ," Access ,Oracle ,Visual Basic ,Visual FoxPro, Excel, Word, PowerPoint""it help to develop of the different sciences and special in area of the managerial & financial sciences.In this Research, we try to explain how computer programs applications in area of financial and managerial evaluation for organizations and companies , because these organizations can not work and develop in It's assets and sells for it's products or increasing it's financial & managerial effectively, efficiency , productivity without financial , managerial analysis or evaluation for different of it's activities , with using of computer programs in theses applications , and we introduce some of samples for how application these programs on different of financial and managerial activities and we express useful from these applications , in the end of research ,we introduce someof results and necessary suggestions for applications for these software programs for evaluation and analysis in area of financial and managerial activities for organizations &we introduce some of practical samples on how preparing of the accountable& financial plans for examples " planning budget analysis, ratio analysis, accountable cost, accountable stores .. ets.

 

       إن تطور الحاسوب وأنظمته البرمجية التطبيقية"Microsoft" والأنظمة البرمجية الأخرى التي تعمل "Under Windows مثل "Access ,Oracle ,Visual Basic ,Visual FoxPro, Excel, Word, PowerPoint " ساعد في تطور وتقدم العلوم المختلفة ، وخاصة في مجال التطبيقات للعلوم المالية والإدارية والمحاسبية

    وفي هذا البحث نحاول إلقاء الضوء على كيفية تطبيق برامج الحاسبات في مجال التحليل والتقييم المالي والمحاسبي والإداري ، وأعداد الخطط المالية والإدارية المختلفة  في المنظمات ، حيث أن معظم المنظمات لا تستطيع العمل والتطور في موجوداتها وبيع بضائعها وزيادة كفاءتها الإنتاجية والمالية والإدارية بدون التحليل والتقييم المالي والإداري لنشاطاتها المختلفة وذلك بتطبيق الحاسبات وبرامجها المختلف لتحقيق أهدافها ، وذلك بتطبيق إجراءات التحليل والتقييم والأعداد المالي ،  وسنقدم بعض النماذج في مجال تطبيق الحاسبات على نشاطات المنظمات المالية والإدارية وما هي الاستفادة من برامج الحاسبة وخاصة البرامج الحديثة لسوفت وير "  Software   " ونقدم خلاصة لنتائج البحث نشرح فيها التوصيات والمقترحات الضرورية لتطبيق تلك البرامج في مجال النشاطات وأعداد الخطط والبرامج الإدارية والمالية للمنظمات.الإنتاجية) المقدمة إلى الجامعة التكنولوجية وتم انتخاب الشركة العامة للزيوت النباتية كموقع للتطبيق وتمكنت من خلال الأنموذج المقترح من زيادة الربحية الإنتاجية لأحد منتجات الشركة العامة للزيوت النباتية وتم حل الأنموذج بطريقة التفرع والتقيد .
On Jeffery Prior Distribution in Modified Double Stage Shrinkage-Bayesian Estimator for Exponential Mean
Authors: Salman Abbas Najim , Ali Assel Hussein , Mohammed Maha A
Published: March 2023

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  This paper is concerned with Modified Double Stage Shrinkage Bayesian (DSSB) Estimator for lowering the mean squared error of classical estimator Â for the scale parameter (q) of an Exponential Distribution in suitable region (R) around available prior knowledge (q0) about the actual value (q) as initial estimate as well as to reduce the cost of observation. In situation where the observations are time consuming or very costly, a â€œDouble Stage procedure â€œcan be used to reduce the Expected Sample Size needed to obtain the estimator. This estimator has been showing a smaller Mean Squared Error for certain choice of the shrinkage weight factor y(Ã—) and for acceptance region R.Expressions for Bias, Mean Square Error (MSE), Expected sample size [E(n/q,R)],
دراسة لواقع استخدام التعليم الالكتروني في العراق وأهميته المستقبلية
Authors: عمران خلود
Published: March 2023

لقد تم في هذا البحث التعريف بالتعليم الالكتروني والبوابة الالكترونية والتسميات الأخرى التي أفرزتها بيئة الشبكات ونظم المعلومات المتطورة، وتم تسليط الضوء على تجربة تطبيق التعليم الالكتروني في العراق  واهم الصعوبات التي تواجه

بناء بيئة التعليم الالكتروني ، كما تم تطبيق تجربة التعليم الالكتروني على احد المراحل الدراسية لأحد الأقسام  العلمية ، ودراسة تأثير التعليم الالكتروني في عملية تلقي الطلبة للمادة العلمية التي تم اختيارها وهي مادة الرياضيات . وختمت الدراسة ببعض المقترحات لتطوير التعليم الالكتروني في العراق
Principal Component Analysis of Infertility Data
Authors: Dakhil Nazera Khalil , Mohammed Hind Restom , Kouree Hayder Abood
Published: March 2023

This paper applied PCA on infertility set of data, that was collected from Al-Nasiriya Â province.Â  Infertility ofÂ  women that have been unable to conceive a child after one year of their marriage without birth control. Since infertility is very common among Iraqi women. Hence our research mainly concern with this disease in order to identify the causes that contribute to this problem.
Gençlik Merkezi Üyelerinin Yer Bağlılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AKSOY Yılmaz , ÇAKICI Hacı Ali , KARAKUŞ Kaan
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı gençlik merkezi üyelerinin yer bağlılıklarının incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, betimsel nitelik taşıyan tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı bünyesinde bulunan Gençlik Merkezlerindeki üyelerden, örneklemi ise, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığınca düzenlenen doğa, deniz veya kültür gençlik kamplarına katılan üyeler arasından tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş 395 katılımcı oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile Williams ve Roggenbuck (1989) tarafından geliştirilen, Ayar ve ark. (2022) tarafından uyarlanan “Yer Bağlılığı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Student t-test, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testleri kullanılmıştır. Gençlik merkezi üyelerinin yaş, üyelik süresi, kardeş sayısı, aile gelir durumu ve aile içerisinden gençlik merkezine üye olma durumu değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Ancak cinsiyet değişkeninde yer kimliği alt boyutu ile yer bağlılığı ölçeği toplam puanında, gitme sıklığı ve spor yapma durumu değişkenlerinde ise yere bağımlılık ve yer kimliği alt boyutları ile yer bağlılığı ölçeği toplam puanında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlendi. Spor yapan erkek ve her gün katılım sağlayan gençlik merkezi üyelerinin puan ortalamalarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylece gençlik merkezlerinin uygulayacağı faaliyetlerin hizmeti kalitesinin, gençlik merkezine olan yer bağlılığı düzeyine etki ettiği ifade edilebilir.
Evaluation of Human Urinary N-acetyl beta – D- glucosaminidase index in children with urinary tract anomalies
Authors: Ali Raghad J. , Al-Obaidi Firyal H. , Ahmed Nariman F. , Hummdy Hussein
Published: March 2023

Background: The kidneys perform glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and the study of urinary excretion of some enzymes considered as a sensitive test for the detection of early stages of renal disease, particularly N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) which is a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme present in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Increased urinary NAG due to tubular damage could be used as a marker by a simple non invasive test for prediction of urinary tract problems like pelviureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction ,vesicouretric reflux(VUR) and pyelonephritis.Objectives: to assess urinary NAG/ urinary creatinine (NAG/ Cr) ratio in children with different urinary tract anomalies and compare it with normal healthy children.Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November, 2012 to April, 2013. Urine samples were collected from 51 patients with Urinary tract problems, and 40 healthy children as a control group, their age range (1month-13years). Children were admitted to Pediatric nephrology department, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq. The Glomerular filtration rate was in normal range in all of them. Urine samples were tested for NAG by (ELISA,Cusabio ,China) while, both Serum creatinine (S-Cr) and urine creatinine (U-Cr) were estimated by Jaffe’s kinetic method.Results: The current results revealed that NAG/creatinine index was significantly higher in patients with vesicoureteral reflux, Pelviureteric junction obstruction and pyelonephritis in comparison with cystitis.Conclusions: The assessment of urinary NAG could be considered as a useful marker in prediction of the vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis secondary to Pelviureteric junction obstruction .Urinary NAG is elevated in children with pyelonephritis and it can be considered as a further criterion in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract infection.
The Impacts of Subclinical Varicoceles on Infertile Males
Authors: Hammadi Ibrahim J. , Saeed Ghassan Th. , Abed Tawney Read How.
Published: March 2023

Background: it is well known that the varicocele affects male fertility and had adverse effects on the findings of the standard seminal analysis. According to size of that veins; the varicoceles are divided into clinical that are discovered in physical examination and their harmful effects are proved and subclinical varicoceles that are only discovered by Doppler examination. And till now, the indication of surgery in cases of subclinical varicocele is still controversial because of poor information about the impact of those non-clinically founded blood vessels on the testicular function.Objective: To assess the seminal fluid, testicular volume, and hormone levels in infertile patients with subclinical varicoceles.Patients and methods: two groups were studied; 79 infertile patients with subclinical varicoceles and 50 healthy males with normal scrotal ultrasound were included as control group. Semen samples were collected from all subjects after at least 48 hours of sexual abstinence in sterile wide containers by masturbation and analyzed for sperm concentration and percentage motility according to WHO criteria (2010). Serum FSH, LH, and Testosterone (T) levels were assessed using Radioimmunoassay. Ultrasound examination was done to evaluate the pampiniform plexus caliber and also measuring the testicular size.Results: LH and Testosterone levels were not statistically different among the two groups. FSH levels were significantly higher in infertile men with subclinical varicoceles than in control group (p<0.04). The testicular size was significantly smaller in subclinical varicocele group. Regarding the sperm concentration and motility, there were also significant lower percentages in infertile men with subclinical varicoceles (p<0.02) and (p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion: Infertile patients with subclinical varicoceles have higher levels of FSH, smaller testes, and lower percentages of sperm concentration and motility.
Delayed Recovery of Contrast Induced Kidney Injury Post Angiography: Rate and Risk Factors
Authors: Al-Saffar Hilal B. , Yassin Adel J. , Ali Ala
Published: March 2023

Background: Exposure to Contrast media is the third leading cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury. It follows a predictable time of onset and a less predictable scenario in recovery. This is related to certain factors, but at the end there will be asubstantial association with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospitalization.Objectives: To define the Incidence of persistent contrast induced renal impairment a month after angiography and to define the risk factors for such persistencePatients and Methods: One hundred and one patients (101) were enrolled in this study. All were referred to the Iraqi Center for Heart Diseases in Baghdad/ Iraq for coronary and/or peripheral vascular angiography from October 2009 to July 2010. All patients’ clinical and laboratory data including baseline renal function tests were ordered and recorded with subsequent risk categorization. Post procedure serum creatinine checked on regular intervals (48 hours, one week, and then weekly for three months for those with serum creatinine consistent with the contrast induced - acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) definition at 48 hours.Results: The mean age for the study group was 62±16.9 with 78 (77%) male. Twenty three patients (22.7%) had diabetes mellitus. Thirteen patients (12.7%)had a pre-existing renal impairment. Twenty one patients (20.7%) received extradoses of contrast. Thirty two patients (31.6%) developed CIN by the definition within 48 hours of the procedure with the mean serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/dl. Seven patients (6.8%) continued to have impaired renal function at week 4 and persisted to have such low GFR up to three months of the procedure. Baseline low GFR, Diabetes mellitus and extradoses of contrast were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CIN and delayed renal recovery.Conclusion: The risk of poor renal recovery after contrast cannot be overlooked. Preexisting renal function impairment, diabetes mellitus, and extra doses of contrast media are independent risk factors for such delay.
Single Burr Hole Craniostomy in surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (Outcome and Complications)
Authors: AbdulWahid Ali T.
Published: March 2023

Background: There is controversy among neurosurgeons whether double Burr Hole craniostomy is better than single Burr Hole, craniostomy in the management of chronic subdural hematoma in terms of lower recurrence rate and complications.Objective: To assess the outcome and complications including revision rate using Single Burr Hole Craniostomy in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 42 cases of chronic subdural hematoma who underwent Single Burr Hole Craniostomy(SBHC) from jan.2012 to jan.2014, preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative data were collected including neurological status ,Brain CT-scan findings, postoperative complications ,recurrent rate and neurological deficit.Results: Forty two patients (36 male and 6 female, with age ranged between 60y.-82y.) were treated by Single Burr Hole Craniostomy for chronic subdural hematoma. There were two recurrences, one stroke, and one death after primary surgery. The two recurrent cases were treated by drainage through same Burr Hole and both they did well (recovered uneventfully).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Single Burr Hole Craniostomy is safe, simple and effective method for surgical management of CSDH with lower recurrence rate and lower morbidity and mortality.
Kohärenzgefühl und emotionale Beeinträchtigung von Studierenden während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Hellweg Joanna , Koch Johanna
Published: March 2023

Der Beitrag stellt eine quantitative Studie zur emotionalen Beeinträchtigung der Studierenden infolge von COVID-19 Pandemie dar, die im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit erarbeitet wurde. Ziel ist die Ermittlung von möglichen Zusammenhängen zwischen Kohärenzgefühl und negativem Affekt unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts und des angestrebten Studienabschlusses. Insbesondere sollen dabei Angst, allgemeine Besorgnis und Sorgen der Studierenden während der Pandemie ermittelt werden, da sie eine Störung psychosozialer Funktionsfähigkeit herbeiführen können.
Fen Eğitimi Yüksek Lisans Programı Öğrencilerinin Bilimsel Etiğe Yönelik Anlayışları ve Deneyimleri
Authors: MIHLADIZ TURHAN Gülcan
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Tezli Yüksek Lisans Programı öğrencilerinin bilimsel etik kavramlarını ve sürece ilişkin anlayışlarını ayrıca deneyimleri yoluyla anlayışlarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanılan çalışma, programa kayıtlı ve gönüllülük esası ile belirlenen 9 yüksek lisans öğrencisiyle yürütülmüştür. Uygulanan veri toplama aracı demografik özellik bölümü ve 9 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan oluşmaktadır. Görüşme soruları ile öğrencilerin; “bilimsel çalışmada önem verdikleri durumlar”, “bilimsel etiğe yönelik bilgileri”, “bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği ihlali örnekleri”, “bilimsel etik öz-yeterlik algıları”, “bilimsel etik konusunda deneyimleri” ve “etik sorunlara ilişkin önerileri” gibi başlıklara ilişkin veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma verilerinin analizinde NVivo 8 analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Betimsel analiz ile kodlara ve frekanslarına, içerik analizi ile daha derinlemesine bilgi sunmak için alıntılarla desteklenmiş yorumlara yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın en temel sonuçlarından birisi bilimsel etiğe ilişkin deneyim ve derslerin bilgilendirici etkisi üzerine olmuştur. Yüksek lisans öğrencilerinin de branşları olan fen bilimleri dersi doğası gereği bilimle iç içedir, bu anlamda fen bilimleri derslerinde daha erken yaşlardan itibaren gerçekleşecek bilinçli bilimsel deneyimlerin; bilimsel araştırma teması başta olmak üzere bilimsel etik kavramını da içine alan etkili öğrenmeleri ve etik davranışları beraberinde getirebileceği düşünülmektedir.
A Computational Model Assessing Population Impact of a New Tobacco Product
Authors: Muhammad-Kah Raheema , Hannel Thaddeus , Wei Lai , Pithawalla Yezdi B. , Gogova Maria
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES
We developed and validated a computational model to assess the potential health impact of a new tobacco product in the U.S. market.

METHODS
An Agent-Based Model (ABM) framework was used to estimate changes in tobacco use prevalence and premature deaths based on the difference between modified (counterfactual) and base case (status quo) scenarios. The hypothetical population transitions between different tobacco-use states based on their attributes and transition probabilities over the simulation period. A transition sub-model coupled with mortality sub-models and excess relative risk (ERR) ratio estimates determine survival probability over time. To demonstrate the functionality and capability of our ABM, we modeled a scenario to simulate the population health impact a new tobacco product on the U.S. market. We also demonstrated sensitivity analyses by adjusting key input parameters.

RESULTS
Our simulation, based on modified- and base-case hypothetical populations using reliable and publicly available input sources, predicts a net benefit to the population with a decrease in premature deaths and cigarette smoking prevalence.

CONCLUSION
Our computational model, leveraging ABM to assess population impact, is a fit-for-purpose tool for predicting public health outcomes.
Аlternative local stratigraphical scales of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome
Authors: Ruban D. A.
Published: March 2023

Background. Definition of local stratigraphical units, the main of which are formations, is important for geological mapping and correct understanding of the composition of sedimentary complexes. This task is yet to be solved for some territories. Thus, Upper Miocene deposits extend widely across the Rostov Dome in the southwest of Russia; however, the definition of formations there is still in its nascent phase.

Aim. Systematization of ideas about the local stratigraphical units of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome, taking previous assumptions into account.

Materials and methods. An analysis of ideas related to the definition of formations in the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome was carried out. These ideas were systematized with a focus on the validity of the units based on the current stratigraphical code.

Results. An improved local stratigraphical scale of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome is proposed. This scale implies defining the Taganrogskaya (Lower Sarmatian), Rostovskaya (Middle–Upper Sarmatian), Donskaya (lower Upper Maeotian), Merzhanovskaya (upper Upper Maeotian), and Aleksandrovskaya (Lower Pontian) formations. The correspondence of alternative units is shown: the Mokrochaltyrskaya and Berdanosovskaya formations correspond to the Rostovskaya Formation, while and the later proposed Rostovskaya Formation corresponds to the Donskaya and Merzhanovskaya formations. Discussion. The validity of the proposed local stratigraphical units is noted; the priority of defining the Taganrogskaya and Aleksandrovskaya formations is highlighted. The question of creating an automatic system for generalizing information about stratigraphical units is discussed.

Conclusion. The need in the parallel existence of alternative local stratigraphical scales of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome is absent. However, subdividing the relevant deposits requires further discussion and refinement.
To Compare the Attention Span of Down Syndrome Children with Healthy Children of Same Age Group
Authors: Manshi  , Dimple Choudhry  , Anshu Kumari  , Priyanka Gulati
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Down syndrome is the most common congenital chromosomal disorder. In terms of genetic causes of mental impairment, this condition is the most prevalent. The typical characteristics of students with intellectual disability, such as down syndrome are limited attention span and motor skills. Attention is the first stage in information processing. It collects parts of the environmental information for later processing.  However, there are dearth of studies which compares attention span of down syndrome children with healthy children of same age group.    

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the attention span of down syndrome children and comparing their attention span with healthy children of same age group.

Materials and methods: The present study had a cross-sectional comparative research design. 20 subjects were taken conveniently which included 10 down syndrome and 10 healthy children (8-14 years old). The attention span was measured by using Stroop color and word test and analyzed with independent t-test.

Results: Independent t-test indicated a significant difference between the attention span of down syndrome and healthy children.

Conclusion: This research evaluated that down syndrome children have less attention span than healthy children of same age group. Therefore, down syndrome children need more attention training.

Keywords: Attention span, Down syndrome, healthy children, Comparison.
Violence Against Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Service Personnel in Guilan Province, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Associate professor of Emergency Medicine, Guilan Road Trauma research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Asadi Payman , Esmaeili Mohsen ,   Physicion, Students Research Committee, Guilan Road Trauma research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Noori Roodsari Nazanin ,   Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Gheysvandi Elham ,   Assistant professor of Health Education and Promotion, Molecular Medicine Research Center Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran., Homaie Rad Enayatollah ,   Assistant Professor of Health Economics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The first contact between emergency patients and medical services is carried out by emergency medical services (EMS). EMS personnel must deliver high-quality and high-speed services. This condition might cause high levels of stress and violence in the patients and their companions. Objective: In this research, we aimed to study the violent acts against pre-hospital EMS personnel in Guilan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. A total of 110 EMS personnel working in Guilan Province in the north of Iran were selected using a random selection method between March and June 2020. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the study data from the EMS personnel. The results were analyzed by the Poisson regression. Results: A total of 144 questionnaires were sent to the personnel, of these 110 were completed. The mean age of the participants was 34.89±3.65 years and all of them were male. About 61.8% of the samples experienced some kind of physical or verbal violence in the past 3 months. All cases of physical violence were perpetrated by men and half of them were done by close relatives of the patients. A significant relationship was found between the marital status of the EMS personnel and the number of physical violence they experienced (β=2.246, 95% CI; 0.058 to 4.446, P=0.032). In addition, the number of experienced physical violence was higher in those staff who worked at road EMS services compare to city or town EMS services (β=1.519,95% CI; 0.092 to 2.934, P=0.001). According to the EMS personnel, most of the attacks were answered calmly. The personnel revealed that the most important reason for not reporting physical violence was the futility of reports and the lack of guidelines for reporting violence. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm that pre-hospital EMS are at high risk of workplace violence in Guilan Province which highly affects their health and well-being. Training EMS personnel and strengthening their communication skills are important factors in reducing violence against emergency services technicians.
Social Competence and Its Related Factors in High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hosseinzadeh Siboni Fatemeh , Emami Sigaroudi Abdolhosein ,   Associate Professor, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Pouralizadeh Moluk ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Maroufizadeh Saman ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Social competence can help adolescents achieve effective social interactions and establish and maintain successful relationships with peers and society. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of social competence and its related factors in high school students in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: In the cross-sectional analytical study, 491 high school students in Rasht were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The study tool was a twopart questionnaire: the demographic characteristics of the participants and the social competence questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 491 students, 65.4% were female, 63.1% were the first child of the family, and 94.3% had normal sleep amount. Also, 94.1% of students lived with their parents. Their mean social competence was at the desired level (261.7±8.31, total score: 47-329). There was a significant relationship between school grade point average (r=0.271, P=0.001), duration of Internet use (r=-0.103, P=0.022), and students’ sleep amount with social competence based on 1-way ANOVA test (P=0.005). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, a high-grade point average was associated with increased social competence (B=7.54, 95% CI; 5.43 to 9.78, P=0.001) and female gender (B=-6.71, 95% CI; -13.15 to -0.26, P=0.04), being the second child compared to the first (B=-8.19, 95% CI; -14.48 to -1.90, P=0.011), insomnia (B=-19.07, 95% CI; -36.14 to -2.01, P=0.029) and parental divorce and living with father (B=-46.47, 95% CI; -81.95 to -10.99, P=0.01) were associated with low social competence (R2=0.16). Conclusion: These results can help managers plan educational and training organizations and promote parents’ awareness to eliminate everyday barriers and develop social competence in adolescents.
Atypical Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Their Predictors
Authors:   Nursing (MSc), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran, Rezvani Masoumeh , Moghadamnia Mohammad-Taghi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Kazemnejad Leili Ehsan ,   Associate Professor, Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Pourshaikhian Majid ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Houshyari Khah Hojjat ,   Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The most important diagnostic indicator of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is typical clinical symptoms, like chest pain, but many patients may experience nonspecific (atypical) symptoms. Understanding these symptoms and their associated factors results in early diagnosis and more appropriate treatments. Objective: We aimed to determine atypical clinical symptoms and their predictors in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1167 patients with ACS hospitalized at a specialized hospital in Rasht City, Iran, between December 2019 and October 2020. The research samples were selected by a consecutive sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire by interview, in which sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, disease-related factors, and symptoms of patients with ACS were collected. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression by the backward LR (likelihood ratio) method. The significance level was set as P<0.05. Results: In this study, 56.3% of the patients were male. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 60.9±11.1 years. About 28.1% of the patients experienced atypical clinical symptoms. The most common atypical symptoms were shortness of breath (29.4%), back pain (18.3%), and left shoulder pain (12.7%). The predictors of atypical symptoms were age (OR=0.98, 95% CI; 0.975 - 0.999, P=0.047), alcohol use (OR=1.86, 95% CI; 1.047 - 3.303, P=0.034), brain diseases (OR=2.36, 95% CI; 1.463 - 3.811, P=0.001), blood diseases (OR=1.45, 95% CI; 1.059 - 2.002, P=0.021), and gastroesophageal reflux (OR=1.31, 95% CI; 1.006 - 1.719, P=0.045) Conclusion: Since more than a quarter of ACS patients have unusual symptoms, detecting these symptoms and related factors can help in early diagnosis and conduct more appropriate medical treatment.
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT OF FUNCTIONING OF TRANSNATIONAL BANKS IN THE USA AND CHINA
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Korol Maryna , Sabov Kristina ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes transnational banks as the main subjects of the international financial system in the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, investigates the trends of TNB functioning in the context of the chal- lenges of globalization processes, as well as the impact of their functioning on the world economy as a whole. To date, transnational banks have become the driver of the global financial sphere of activity, without which the majority of transactions are indispensable. In particular, the article presents the main merger and acquisition agreements of Chinese banks in foreign markets for the years 2002–2021, as well as an analysis of the current state of leading American financial companies and the peculiarities of the activities of these subjects of the international system of relations as a result of the pandemic, namely how the behaviour has changed banks and their transition to non-traditional activities. The largest global banks in recent years were also singled out and the reasons for the growth in demand for them were identified. For the past few years, the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America have been fighting for leadership in the economic race. Currently, it is impossible to unanimously assert the victory of one country over another, as their confrontation is only intensifying daily. China’s last chance to win this century’s economic race is to overcome its most significant weakness – technological backwardness and dependence on the US. Therefore, Beijing: 1) constantly increases investments in scientific developments – R&D. This has already borne fruit in the form of an increase in scientific publications and Chinese patents; 2) encourages young people to study applied sciences – the PRC is ahead of the USA in terms of the number of engineers; 3) comprehensively develops the creativity of people and their potential. America currently surpasses China: 1) in creating new technologies; 2) in terms of nominal GDP per capita – six times; 3) in the hegemony of the dollar as a global currency; 4) in better development of human capital; 5) higher labour productivity, organization and efficiency of investments. But the US has faced serious internal challenges, the strengthening of which endangers the stability and further development of America. The main issue is the socio-economic development of the country and the reduction of economic inequality.
UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Nechiporuk Kirill , Kedyk Mykhailo ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: March 2023

The modern economic system is inextricably linked with the processes of globalization and regionalization. International economic instability becomes part of global political instability. Obvious large-scale changes in the structure, geography, management model of the world economy. However, the theoretical understanding of these changes lags behind current practices. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the main problematic components in the management models of economic processes and their causes, as well as to propose possible scenarios for exiting the crisis. Against the backdrop of ongoing global challenges, the current conditions of economic development (as well as its forms) are manifested in macroeconomic instability, which consists in the change of functioning system industries and objects. There is an accumulation of changes in the system, and as soon as the dominance exceeds the power of stabilizing factors, interconnection and interdependence, which maintain the system balance, oscillations are disturbed and the equilibrium positions are lost. Thus, the system becomes unstable. Considering the circumstances in which the economy develops and the periodicity of fluctuations in the economic system, its stability is disturbed, which depends on the factor of timely adjustments to the economic system itself to normalize fluctuations in the system. The economy as a system develops unevenly, wave-like, which is defined in economic theory by the law of diminishing marginal productivity of all factors. The expansion of relationships between the subjects of the world economy and the structural arrangement of its elements increasingly raise the question of rethinking the nature of economic reality and the regularity of its formation. The global economic system is getting complicated, and everything is complicated very selectively. Movement through evolutionary complication means the realization of less likely events. The principle of selection allows the existence of bifurcation states, including even the absence of stochastic factors, such as fluctuations in exchange rates, market prices, energy resources, etc., a transition to many new states is possible.
MECHANISM FOR ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Demianenko Tetiana
Published: March 2023

To enter the trajectory of sustainable development, Ukraine needs effective management mechanisms aimed at significantly increasing innovation activity, intellectualizing the main factors of production, as well as creating production and economic systems capable of ensuring GDP growth and a new quality of life of the population on an innovative basis. Scientific views of the problem of developing mechanisms for managing the sustainable development of enterprises in the real sector of the economy are quite fully represented in the scientific works of famous scientists. In addition to approaches to determining the elements of enterprise management mechanisms on an innovative basis, in the theory and practice of management, many approaches have been developed to ensure the sustainability of industrial enterprises as the basis for the competitiveness of the national economy. However, there are certain gaps in the coverage of issues related to the creation of a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of companies in an unstable geopolitical situation. Therefore, the issue of improving the mechanism for managing the sustainable development of enterprises regarding a holistic approach to their functioning in the national economy and ensuring a synergistic effect in solving strategic tasks of the real sector of the national economy is extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of creating a mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of industrial enterprises in Ukraine in an unstable geopolitical situation. Methods and tools for sustainable development management have been identified, allowing to identify the sources, nature and directions of change to ensure sustainability; the definition of the category "mechanism of sustainable development management" has been clarified; Ukraine now occupies an international place in terms of key economic indicators; an improved mechanism for manag- ing the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, which will contribute to an innovative increase in the level of competitiveness of the national economy and the quality of life of the population in accordance with global transformational trends. The main factors in the process of which there is an important aspect of sustainable development of Ukraine for the analysis and determination of the volume of investments, including the structure and dynamics of foreign investments, are identified and analyzed. Key threats to globalization that could hinder sustainable development have been identified. Based on the study, the main (strategic) stages of ensuring sustainable development of Ukraine are proposed.
FINANCIAL RISK ASSESSMENT FEATURES IN PROCESS OF FINANCIAL DUE DILIGENCE WITHIN CONTEXT OF INVESTMENT PROCESSES MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Kovalova Olena
Published: March 2023

The paper reviews scientific approaches to defining the concept of Due Diligence in order to study its essential characteristics. Attention is paid to the classification, algorithm and features of the implementation of the methodical model of Due Diligence at the enterprise. The economic essence and manifestations of the «financial risks» category in the process of financial Due Diligence are determined. The peculiarities of the impact of unregulated financial risks arising under the influence of factors of the external economic environment and the group of specific financial risks, on which the enterprise has conditionally regulated influence, were specified. The characteristics of the features of the formation of information support and evaluation of analytical benchmarks of financial risks in the process of financial Due Diligence are presented.
Risks in Parts Supply Chain and Their Impact on Supply Chains and Shipping Sector: Focusing on Automobile Industry
Authors:   The Korean Production And Operations Management Society, Choi Byeong-Il , Ryu Han-Byul , Kim Sun-Kyu
Published: March 2023

Of late, various risk factors, such as the closure of container ports due to the COVID-19 pandemic, decline in container fleets, and instability in final demand, have had a detrimental impact on the business environment. Such negative effects could prevent companies from achieving their goals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the risk and implement appropriate risk management strategies based on the impact factors of the risk. This study analyzed the impact of supply chain risks on the domestic automobile production network and maritime car carrier market. We quantified supply chain risks that arise in domestic automobile production processes and employed the vector auto regression models to analyze the effects of these risks on the automobile supply chain and pure car carrier market. In addition, using impact reaction function, we analyzed the process through which the risk in the supply chain extends to automobile production and pure car carrier market. It is expected that this study will help set long-term and short-term targets for production plans and demarcate corporate strategies through effective response to market conditions.
Appropriate Level of Care and Optimization of Wing Formation
Authors:   The Korean Production And Operations Management Society, Heo Yerin , Seo Yong Won
Published: March 2023

Healthcare providers try to achieve an appropriate level of care, while administrators pursue maximization of hospital utilities. The appropriate level of care may make it hard to maximize the hospital’s utility. This study solves this problem by discovering a wing formation that maximizes the utility when the level of care is appropriate. Consequently, this study demonstrates that the appropriate level of care is different from the level which maximizes the hospital's utility. Specifically, as the wings are segmented, the overtreatment occurs in most care types. The value of maximum total utility is lower when the levels of all types of care are appropriate, compared to when the wings are formed to simply maximize the hospital’s utility. In addition, when the appropriate level of services is provided, the deviation of the hospital’s utility is high depending on the wing formations. Thus, when the appropriate level of care is provided, the hospital managers should identify an optimal wing formation while maximizing the utility. This study can provide a clue for solving such decision-making problems of hospital managers.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING DIET CONTAINING RAW OR PARBOILED RICE OFFAL ON RUMEN METABOLITE OF BUNAJI BULLS
Authors: Sani R. T. , Lamidi O. S. , Achi N. P. , Idowu W. , Ishiaku Y. M. , Ahmed S. A. , Lawal H. B.
Published: March 2023

Twenty Bunaji bulls aged 2-3 years with an average weight of 230kg were assigned to five dietary treatments with four bulls per treatment in a 2x2 factorial configuration with common control to determine the effect of feeding diet containing varying inclusion of raw or parboiled rice offal on bull rumen metabolites which lasted for 90 days. Rumen fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hr intervals to assess rumen pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN), and rumen total volatile fatty acid (TVFA). Digitaria smutsii concentrate and basal diet were provided at 2% bogy weight. Crude Protein content of the experimental diets ranged from 19.69- 20.44%, while Metabolizable Energy content ranged from 10.86-11.16MJ/kg DM. Rice offal type had no effect on rumen parameters (P>0.05). Rumen pH six hours after feeding at 0% (6.63) and 30% (6.76) inclusion levels was similar (P>0.05), but differed considerably (P<0.05) from the 20% (6.93) inclusion level. The highest and lowest TVFA values were found in bulls fed diets with 20% (44.70 mol) and 30% (23.49 mol) inclusion levels. Effects of varying RRO and PRO inclusion levels on rumen pH and TVFA at different sample times were not significant (P>0.05). Bulls fed 30%PRO had the highest value (22.41g/100g), while bulls fed 20% PRO had the lowest value (14.80g/100g). This study indicated that RRO or PRO can be utilized to replace up to 30% of maize offal as a source of energy in the diet of Bunaji bulls with no negative effects on the bulls' rumen metabolite.
HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF WATER AND FISH- A REVIEW
Authors: Yunusa Muzzammil Abdullahi , Igwe Earnest Chukwusoro , Mofoluke Alalade Olajoke
Published: March 2023

Water is a vital resource for all kinds of lives. Heavy metals (HM) generally enter the aquatic environment through natural (atmospheric deposition, erosion of geological matrix) or anthropogenic activities caused by industrial effluent, domestic sewage, mining and agricultural wastes. Tanning generally requires using a heavy chemical that contains chromium, cadmium etc. It was observed that these industrial wastes are discharged, without proper treatment, into small waterways, which subsequently adjoin the rivers and dams. Using agricultural chemicals and fertilizers also contributes to the chemical contamination of the aquatic environment. Discharging untreated sewage into the waterways introduce pathogenic microorganism into the marine environment, among other reasons, which has drawn the attention of researchers to the possibility of having the aquatic organism edible by humans (mostly fish) be contaminated by heavy metals and microorganisms, which have been confirmed to cause short- and long-term health hazards. Fish, one of the primary aquatic organisms in the food chain, may often accumulate large amounts of metals, which can later intoxicate humans after consumption. Humans can also be intoxicated by directly consuming untreated water contaminated with heavy metals. This review focused on the aquatic contamination of different heavy metals in water and fish and also suggested some recommendations to minimize the marine environment's toxicity.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Adedoyin Adeyinka , Enebe F. O. , Oyekunle R. A. , Balogun N. A.
Published: March 2023

The global education system was impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. To stop the coronavirus from spreading, all schools, colleges, and universities were closed. Students, instructors, and parents all experienced challenges while schools were closed. So, distance learning was a solution to continue the education system. Unfortunately, in a developing country, it was challenging to adopt distance learning due lack of network infrastructures, computers, epileptic power supply, and good internet access. In order to circumvent some of these challenges different online platforms were employed. However, they came with some limitations, for example, the freemium subscription scheme, which allows users to use basic features of the system but requires a certain amount on a predefined basis to access extra needed features. In addition, to use video conferencing in some of the existing LMS you are required to leave the app for another app, for example, to use video conferencing in google classroom you are required to use google meetings. This study aims to create an online E-Learning System that provides all in one tool for teachers to develop and administer courses online. The LMS comes with various functions such as creating learning plans, implementing learning processes, and assessing or evaluating learning processes. Our LMS presents instruction through content creation and storage, sees student participation, and assesses student performance online. The Online Learning System was designed using JavaScript (Vue), PHP (server-side programming Language), and NoSQL as the database. The developed system was evaluated by potential users and found to meet predefined user requirements.