bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of mercury removal from water with highly efficient MXene and silver-modified polyethyleneimine cryogel composite filters
Authors: Daulbayev Chingis , Nursharip Armanbek , Tauanov Zhandos , Busquets Rosa , Baimenov Alzhan
Published: September 2024

Safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and human health requires effective methods for removing pollutants. Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic pollutant with a global presence and is highly mobile and persistent. Here, innovative materials were prepared for separating Hg(II) from water, and the mechanisms underlying the efficient uptake of Hg species have been investigated. The sorbents include silver (Ag) nanoparticles and multilayered Ti3C2Tx MXene, both incorporated into the structure of a three-dimensional polyethyleneimine porous cryogel (PEI) that acts as a scaffold holding and exposing nano active sites involved in the removal of Hg. Specifically, Ag particles were deposited onto MXene phases, and the resulting composite was embedded in the macroporous PEI polymer (PEI/MXene@Ag cryogel). The composite has beneficial properties regarding Hg removal: 99% of Hg was separated from waste within 24 h in batch studies. The maximum removal capacity of Hg reached 875 mg/g from HgCl2, and 761 mg/g and 1280 mg/g from Hg(OAc)2 and Hg(NO3)2 salts by PEI/MXene@Ag. The Hg uptake stems from the composite’s relatively large specific surface area, layered porous channels, and highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles in the multilayered Ti3C2Tx MXene. The matrix in the water samples that were treated with the composite did not hinder the uptake of Hg by PEI/MXene@Ag. The high effectiveness achieved for the removal of Hg, combined with rapid adsorption kinetics, high efficiency, and selectivity, positions it as an efficient solution. Future work should address upscaling its preparation for increasing readiness towards mitigating Hg in surface water.
Automated market makers and their implications for liquidity providers
Authors: Brönnimann Werner , Egloff Pascal , Krabichler Thomas
Published: September 2024

Automated market making for crypto tokens is an extremely attractive and efficient way to establish decentralized exchanges. An inevitable prerequisite for this type of market is the willingness of participants to provide liquidity. Except in the case of two correlated pairs, providing liquidity is often sub-optimal. In fact, one often faces significant opportunity cost commonly referred to as impermanent loss. Prevailing transaction fee levels, even with levered positions, are often insufficient to compensate for the opportunity costs incurred. Marketability and exchangeability are essential prerequisites for attributing value to many crypto tokens. Therefore, when issuing fiat tokens for the viability of intriguing business models, one ends up with the chicken-or-the-egg causality dilemma; how to achieve sustainable incentives to the liquidity provision for an abstract good whose intrinsic value is defined solely by that liquidity system? This article derives and discusses useful formulas for the quantitative risk management in the context of automated market makers. In addition, order size and pool size-dependent transaction costs are proposed that may incentivize the desired level of liquidity.
Feelings are Messy: The Feelings We Study in Affective Science Should Be Too
Authors: Vaccaro Anthony G.
Published: September 2024

Affective science has taken up the challenge of building a bridge between basic affective science and practical applications. The articles in the Future of Affective Science issue lay out methodological and conceptual frameworks that allow us to expand affective science into real-world settings and to handle naturalistic methods. Along with these advances, accomplishing this goal will require additionally refocusing the types of experiences we study, and the measures of experience we are interested in. This paper explores the necessity for basic affective science to embrace the messy and complex nature of human emotion in order to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and real-world applicability. Specifically, this involves studying experiences that do not fit as neatly into dominant conceptual frameworks, such as valenced scales and the most common discrete emotion categories, and that may be more difficult to measure or experimentally control. This makes the gap between affective science and real-world feelings larger. To move the field towards incorporating emotional complexity in an empirical manner, I propose measurement standards that err on the side of less fixed-choice options and using stimuli chosen for their potential to elicit highly complex responses over time within the same individual. Designing studies that can measure these experiences will push emotion theories to explain data they were not originally designed for, likely leading to refinement and collaboration. These approaches will help capture the full spectrum of human emotional experience, leading to a more nuanced and applicable understanding of affective science.
Project RESPOND: Development of a New Capacity in Disaster Response
Authors: Peace Sierra , Brown John F. , Mercer Mary
Published: September 2024

Response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic revealed gaps in medical supply quality and personnel training and familiarity in San Francisco County, prompting the reexamination of county disaster supply caches and emergency medical services (EMS) system decompression protocols. Project RESPOND (Rapid Emergency Supplies for Prehospital Operations in Disaster) was developed to bridge the gap in patient care infrastructure during short- or no-warning disasters and enhance EMS system offloading by introducing a novel capacity for the safe treatment and discharge of patients with minor injuries from the scene of an event. This design, while scaled to the needs of a unique metropolitan population, can be used as a template for the reimagining of disaster response policy and development of disaster supply caches.
Rayleigh–Bénard convection with an immersed floating body
Authors: Frick Peter , Filimonov Sergei , Gavrilov Andrei , Popova Elena , Sukhanovskii Andrei , Vasiliev Andrei
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of turbulent thermal convection in a rectangular box containing an extended immersed free-floating plate. Varying the values of control parameters, such as Rayleigh number, aspect ratio and vertical position of the plate, provides a wide range of possible modes, from immobile and purely periodic to stochastic. We have shown that stable periodic motions occur when the plate floats close to one of the heat exchangers. An increase in the distance between the plate and the heat exchanger breaks the periodic motion and (at moderate Rayleigh numbers) leads to a pronounced asymmetry, when the plate stays close to one of the walls most of the time, makes rare excursions to the opposite wall and immediately returns. As the Rayleigh number increases, the plate motions from one edge of the box to the other reappear, but always have an irregular character. Regarding the dependence of the system behaviour on the geometry of the box, both lower and upper limits of periodic plate motions were found in the experiments. In the numerical simulations, the upper limit was not achieved – the plate moves quasi-periodically through the chain of vortices of different signs even at the largest aspect ratio being considered. The heat-insulating floating plate provides the spatial and temporal variation of the heat flux and reduces the integral heat flux, but the reduction in heat flux depends significantly on the vertical position of the plate.
Hydrological Impact of Remotely Sensed Interannual Vegetation Variability in the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Longyang Qianqiu , Zeng Ruijie
Published: September 2024

Vegetation plays a crucial role in atmosphere‐land water and energy exchanges, global carbon cycle and basin water conservation. Land Surface Models (LSMs) typically represent vegetation characteristics by monthly climatological indices. However, static vegetation parameterization does not fully capture time‐varying vegetation characteristics, such as responses to climatic fluctuations, long‐term trends, and interannual variability. It remains unclear how the interaction between vegetation and climate variability propagates into hydrologic fluxes and water resources. Multi‐source satellite data sets may introduce uncertainties and require extensive time for analysis. This study developes a deep learning surrogate for a widely used LSM (i.e., Noah) as a rapid diagnosic tool. The calibrated surrogate quantifies the impacts of time‐varying vegetation characteristics from multiple remotely sensed GVF products on the magnitude, seasonality, and biotic and abiotic components of hydrologic fluxes. Using the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) as a test case, we found that time‐varying vegetation provides more buffering effect against climate fluctuation than the static vegetation configuration, leading to reduced variability in the abiotic evaporation components (e.g., soil evaporation). In addition, time‐varying vegetation from multi‐source remote sensing products consistently predicts smaller biotic evaporation components (e.g., transpiration), leading to increased water yield in the UCRB (about 14%) compared to the static vegetation scheme. We also highlight the interaction between dynamic vegetation parameterization and static parameterization (e.g., soil) during calibration. Parameter recalibration and a re‐evaluation of certain model assumptions may be required for assessing climate change impacts on vegetation and basin‐wide water resources.
Deep‐Learning Phase‐Onset Picker for Deep Earth Seismology: PKIKP Waves
Authors: Zhou Jiarun , Phạm Thanh‐Son , Tkalčić Hrvoje
Published: September 2024

Body waves traversing the Earth's interior from a seismic source to receivers on the surface carry rich information about its internal structures. Their travel time measurements have been widely used in seismology to constrain Earth's interior at the global scale by mapping the time anomaly along their ray paths. However, picking the travel time of global seismic waves, suitable for studying Earth's fine‐scale structures, requires highly skilled personnel and is often fairly subjective. Here, we report the development of an automatic picker for PKIKP waves traveling through the inner core (IC), especially nearly along Earth's diameters, based on the latest advances in supervised deep learning. A convolutional neural network (CNN) we develop automatically determines the PKIKP onset on vertical seismograms near its theoretical prediction of cataloged earthquakes. As high‐quality manual onset picks of global seismic phases are limited, we employ a scheme to generate a synthetic supervised training data set containing 300,000 waveforms. The PKIKP onsets picked by our trained CNN automatic picker exhibit a mean absolute error of ∼0.5 s compared to 1,503 manual picks, comparable to the estimated human‐picking error. In an integration test, the automatic picks obtained from an extended waveform data set yield a cylindrically anisotropic IC model that agrees well with the models inferred from manual picks, which illustrates the success of this pilot model. This is a significant step closer to harvesting an unprecedented volume of travel time measurements for studying the IC or other regions of the Earth's deep interior.
Contribution of Western Arabian Sea Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall in the Horn of Africa and Southern Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Camberlin P. , Assowe Dabar O. , Pohl B. , Mohamed Waberi M. , Hoarau K. , Planchon O.
Published: September 2024

The occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Horn of Africa and nearby areas is for the first time examined to document their contribution to local rainfall and their trends over the period 1990–2020. An average 1.5 TC (of any intensity) per year was observed over the Western Arabian Sea, with two asymmetrical seasons, namely May–June (30% of cyclonic days) and September–December (70%). Case studies reveal that in many instances, TC‐related rainfall extends beyond 500 km from the TC center, and that substantial rains occur one to 2 days after the lifecycle of the TC. Despite their rarity, in the otherwise arid to semi‐arid context characteristic of the region, TCs contribute in both seasons to a very high percentage of total rainfall (up to 30%–60%) over the northwestern Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden and their coastlines. Over inland northern Somalia, contributions are much lower. TCs disproportionately contribute to some of the most intense daily falls, which are often higher than the mean annual rainfall. A strong increase in the number of TCs is found from 1990 to 2020, hence their enhanced contribution to local rainfall. This increase is associated with a warmer eastern/southern Arabian Sea, a decrease in vertical wind shear, and a strong increase in tropospheric moisture content.
Role of Clouds in the Urban Heat Island and Extreme Heat: Houston‐Galveston Metropolitan Area Case
Authors: Mejia John F. , Henao Juan Jose , Eslami Ebrahim
Published: September 2024

This study examines the influence of shallow cumulus clouds on the excessive summertime heat in the Houston‐Galveston metropolitan area, a coastal urban area in the warm Southeast United States. Specifically, it aims to improve our understanding of how both the clouds and the relatively cool, moist afternoon sea breeze impact the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Heat Index (HI). During the warm season, the afternoon sea breeze phenomenon in this coastal city acts as a natural air conditioner for city residents, facilitating the dispersion of moisture, heat, and pollutants. To investigate the relationship among urbanization, clouds, and land‐sea interactions, we conducted cloud‐ and urban‐resolving simulations at a 900 m grid resolution and perform simulation scenarios aiming to isolate urbanization, clouds and land‐sea circulations. Results show that urbanization correlates with the presence of shallow cumulus clouds, higher cloud bases, and increased cloud duration over the Galveston‐Houston region compared to rural areas. These urban clouds benefit from the enhanced moist static energy that is favored by intensifying vertical mixing and moisture flux convergence. Urbanization raises the mean HI while mitigating its afternoon HI high. We found that the urban circulation dome overwhelms the sensitivity of the sea breeze to the urbanization. Instead, the influence of urbanization on cloud enhancement emerges as a crucial pathway responsible for reducing the high afternoon HI values. Moreover, uncertainties in SSTs are closely linked to the sensitivities of land‐sea circulations, which in turn modulate UHI and HI.
Lens-free on-chip 3D microscopy based on wavelength-scanning Fourier ptychographic diffraction tomography
Authors: Wu Xuejuan , Zhou Ning , Chen Yang , Sun Jiasong , Lu Linpeng , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: September 2024

Lens-free on-chip microscopy is a powerful and promising high-throughput computational microscopy technique due to its unique advantage of creating high-resolution images across the full field-of-view (FOV) of the imaging sensor. Nevertheless, most current lens-free microscopy methods have been designed for imaging only two-dimensional thin samples. Lens-free on-chip tomography (LFOCT) with a uniform resolution across the entire FOV and at a subpixel level remains a critical challenge. In this paper, we demonstrated a new LFOCT technique and associated imaging platform based on wavelength scanning Fourier ptychographic diffraction tomography (wsFPDT). Instead of using angularly-variable illuminations, in wsFPDT, the sample is illuminated by on-axis wavelength-variable illuminations, ranging from 430 to 1200 nm. The corresponding under-sampled diffraction patterns are recorded, and then an iterative ptychographic reconstruction procedure is applied to fill the spectrum of the three-dimensional (3D) scattering potential to recover the sample’s 3D refractive index (RI) distribution. The wavelength-scanning scheme not only eliminates the need for mechanical motion during image acquisition and precise registration of the raw images but secures a quasi-uniform, pixel-super-resolved imaging resolution across the entire imaging FOV. With wsFPDT, we demonstrate the high-throughput, billion-voxel 3D tomographic imaging results with a half-pitch lateral resolution of 775 nm and an axial resolution of 5.43 μm across a large FOV of 29.85 mm2 and an imaging depth of >200 μm. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated by imaging various types of samples, including micro-polystyrene beads, diatoms, and mouse mononuclear macrophage cells. The unique capability to reveal quantitative morphological properties, such as area, volume, and sphericity index of single cell over large cell populations makes wsFPDT a powerful quantitative and label-free tool for high-throughput biological applications.
Active surveillance selection and 3-year durability in intermediate-risk prostate cancer following genomic testing
Authors: Lenz Lauren , Clegg Wyatt , Iliev Diana , Kasten Chelsea R. , Korman Howard , Morgan Todd M. , Hafron Jason , DeHaan Alexander , Olsson Carl , Tutrone Ronald F. , Richardson Timothy , Cline Kevin , Yonover Paul M. , Jasper Jeff , Cohen Todd , Finch Robert , Slavin Thomas P. , Gutin Alexander
Published: September 2024

Background

Genomic testing can add risk stratification information to clinicopathological features in prostate cancer, aiding in shared medical decision-making between the clinician and patient regarding whether active surveillance (AS) or definitive treatment (DT) is most appropriate. Here we examined initial AS selection and 3-year AS durability in patients diagnosed with localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent Prolaris testing before treatment decision-making.

Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study included 3208 patients from 10 study sites who underwent Prolaris testing at diagnosis from September 2015 to December 2018. Prolaris utilizes a combined clinical cell cycle risk score calculated at diagnostic biopsy to stratify patients by the Prolaris AS threshold (below threshold, patient recommended to AS or above threshold, patient recommended to DT). AS selection rates and 3-year AS durability were compared in patients recommended to AS or DT by Prolaris testing. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard models were used with molecular and clinical variables as predictors of initial treatment decision and AS durability, respectively.

Results

AS selection was ~2 times higher in patients recommended to AS by Prolaris testing than in those recommended to DT (p < 0.0001). Three-year AS durability was ~1.5 times higher in patients recommended to AS by Prolaris testing than in those recommended to DT (p < 0.0001). Prolaris treatment recommendation remained a statistically significant predictor of initial AS selection and AS durability after accounting for CAPRA or Gleason scores.

Conclusions

Prolaris added significant information to clinical risk stratification to aid in treatment decision making. Intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients who were recommended to AS by Prolaris were more likely to initially pursue AS and were more likely to remain on AS at 3 years post-diagnosis than patients recommended to DT.
Hydroxychloroquine and a low antiresorptive activity bisphosphonate conjugate prevent and reverse ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice through dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects
Authors: Yao Zhenqiang , Ayoub Akram , Srinivasan Venkatesan , Wu Jun , Tang Churou , Duan Rong , Milosavljevic Aleksa , Xing Lianping , Ebetino Frank H. , Frontier Alison J. , Boyce Brendan F.
Published: September 2024

Osteoporosis remains incurable. The most widely used antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates (BPs), also inhibit bone formation, while the anabolic agent, teriparatide, does not inhibit bone resorption, and thus they have limited efficacy in preventing osteoporotic fractures and cause some side effects. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop dual antiresorptive and anabolic agents to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, prevents the lysosomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an NF-κB adaptor protein that limits bone resorption and maintains bone formation. We attempted to covalently link HCQ to a hydroxyalklyl BP (HABP) with anticipated low antiresorptive activity, to target delivery of HCQ to bone to test if this targeting increases its efficacy to prevent TRAF3 degradation in the bone microenvironment and thus reduce bone resorption and increase bone formation, while reducing its systemic side effects. Unexpectedly, HABP-HCQ was found to exist as a salt in aqueous solution, composed of a protonated HCQ cation and a deprotonated HABP anion. Nevertheless, it inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblast differentiation, and increased TRAF3 protein levels in vitro. HABP-HCQ significantly inhibited both osteoclast formation and bone marrow fibrosis in mice given multiple daily PTH injections. In contrast, HCQ inhibited marrow fibrosis, but not osteoclast formation, while the HABP alone inhibited osteoclast formation, but not fibrosis, in the mice. HABP-HCQ, but not HCQ, prevented trabecular bone loss following ovariectomy in mice and, importantly, increased bone volume in ovariectomized mice with established bone loss because HABP-HCQ increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption parameters simultaneously. In contrast, HCQ increased bone formation, but did not decrease bone resorption parameters, while HABP also restored the bone lost in ovariectomized mice, but it inhibited parameters of both bone resorption and formation. Our findings suggest that the combination of HABP and HCQ could have dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
A bitopic agonist bound to the dopamine 3 receptor reveals a selectivity site
Authors: Arroyo-Urea Sandra , Nazarova Antonina L. , Carrión-Antolí Ángela , Bonifazi Alessandro , Battiti Francisco O. , Lam Jordy Homing , Newman Amy Hauck , Katritch Vsevolod , García-Nafría Javier
Published: September 2024

Although aminergic GPCRs are the target for ~25% of approved drugs, developing subtype selective drugs is a major challenge due to the high sequence conservation at their orthosteric binding site. Bitopic ligands are covalently joined orthosteric and allosteric pharmacophores with the potential to boost receptor selectivity and improve current medications by reducing off-target side effects. However, the lack of structural information on their binding mode impedes rational design. Here we determine the cryo-EM structure of the hD3R:GαOβγ complex bound to the D3R selective bitopic agonist FOB02-04A. Structural, functional and computational analyses provide insights into its binding mode and point to a new TM2-ECL1-TM1 region, which requires the N-terminal ordering of TM1, as a major determinant of subtype selectivity in aminergic GPCRs. This region is underexploited in drug development, expands the established secondary binding pocket in aminergic GPCRs and could potentially be used to design novel and subtype selective drugs.
Tbps wide-field parallel optical wireless communications based on a metasurface beam splitter
Authors: Wu Yue , Chen Ji , Wang Yin , Yuan Zhongyi , Huang Chunyu , Sun Jiacheng , Feng Chengyi , Li Muyang , Qiu Kai , Zhu Shining , Zhang Zaichen , Li Tao
Published: September 2024

Optical wireless communication (OWC) stands out as one of the most promising technologies in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks. The establishment of high-quality optical links between transmitters and receivers plays a crucial role in OWC performances. Here, by a compact beam splitter composed of a metasurface and a fiber array, we proposed a wide-angle (~120°) OWC optical link scheme that can parallelly support up to 144 communication users. Utilizing high-speed optical module sources and wavelength division multiplexing technique, we demonstrated each user can achieve a communication speed of 200 Gbps which enables the entire system to support ultra-high communication capacity exceeding 28 Tbps. Furthermore, utilizing the metasurface polarization multiplexing, we implemented a full range wide-angle OWC without blind area nor crosstalk among users. Our OWC scheme simultaneously possesses the advantages of high-speed, wide communication area and multi-user parallel communications, paving the way for revolutionary high-performance OWC in the future.
Electrically tunable infrared optics enabled by flexible ion-permeable conducting polymer-cellulose paper
Authors: Kuang Chaoyang , Chen Shangzhi , Liao Mingna , Rahmanudin Aiman , Banerjee Debashree , Edberg Jesper , Tybrandt Klas , Zhao Dan , Jonsson Magnus P.
Published: September 2024

Materials that provide dynamically tunable infrared (IR) response are important for many applications, including active camouflage and thermal management. However, current IR-tunable systems often exhibit limitations in mechanical properties or practicality of their tuning modalities, or require complex and costly fabrication methods. An additional challenge relates to providing compatibility between different spectral channels, such as allowing an object to be reversibly concealed in the IR without making it appear in the visible range. Here, we demonstrate that conducting polymer-cellulose papers, fabricated through a simple and cheap approach, can overcome such challenges. The papers exhibit IR properties that can be electrochemically tuned with large modulation (absolute emissivity modulation of 0.4) while maintaining largely constant response in the visible range. Owing to high ionic and electrical conductivity, the tuning of the top surface can be performed electrochemically from the other side of the paper even at tens of micrometer thicknesses, removing the need for overlaying electrode and electrolyte in the optical beam path. These features enabled a series of electrically tunable IR devices, where we focus on demonstrating dynamic radiative coolers, thermal camouflage, anti-counterfeiting tags, and grayscale IR displays. The conducting polymer-cellulose papers are sustainable, cheap, flexible and mechanically robust, providing a versatile materials platform for active and adaptive IR optoelectronic devices.
Bio-spectroscopic investigation linking changes of retinal structure with short-term administration of Amiodarone and revealing the ameliorative effect of vitamin E supplementation
Authors: Mahmoud Sherif S. , Morsy Sahar A. , Aly Eman M. , Mohalhal Islam A.
Published: September 2024

Long term use of Amiodarone (AMIO) is associated with the development of ocular adverse effects. This study investigates the short term effects, and the ameliorative consequence of vitamin E on retinal changes that were associated with administration of AMIO. This is accomplished by investigating both retinal structural and conformational characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fundus examination. Three groups of healthy rabbits of both sexes were used; the first group served as control. The second group was orally treated with AMIO (160 mg /kg body weight) in a daily basis for two weeks. The last group orally received AMIO as the second group for two weeks then, oral administration of vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight) for another two weeks as well. FTIR results revealed significant structural and conformational changes in retinal tissue constituents that include lipids and proteins due to AMIO administration. AMIO treatment was associated with fluctuated changes (increased/decreased) in the band position and bandwidth of NH, OH, and CH bonds. This was concomitant with changes in the percentage of retinal protein constituents in particularly α-helix and Turns. AMIO facilitates the formation of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and turned retinal lipids to be more disordered structure. In conclusion, the obtained FTIR data together with principal component analysis provide evidence that administration of vitamin E following the treatment with AMIO can ameliorate these retinal changes and, these biophysical changes are too early to be detected by Fundus examination.
A new method called MiKneeSoTA to minimize knee soft-tissue artifacts in kinematic analysis
Authors: Einfeldt Ann-Kathrin , Budde Leon , Ortigas-Vásquez Ariana , Sauer Adrian , Utz Michael , Jakubowitz Eike
Published: September 2024

The use of marker-based optical motion capture to estimate joint kinematics during gait is currently limited by errors associated with soft-tissue-induced motion artefacts (STIMA) and ambiguity in landmark palpation. This study therefore presents a novel protocol aiming to Minimize Knee Soft-Tissue Artefacts (MiKneeSoTA) and their effect on kinematic estimates. Relying on an augmented marker set and a new inverse kinematics approach, our method leverages frame-by-frame optimization to adjust best-fit cylinders that have been automatically generated based on the relative position of lower limb markers during an initial static trial. Tibiofemoral rotations and translations are then calculated along the anatomical joint axes based on the relative 3D motion of these cylinders. When compared against the conventional Helen-Hayes approach, in vivo assessment of fifteen healthy subjects revealed the MiKneeSoTA approach led to kinematic profiles with significantly lower standard deviations in joint rotations across trials, and even visibly reduced the presence of high frequency fluctuations presumably associated with e.g. soft-tissue vibration. In addition to agreeing with previously published bone pin and fluoroscopy datasets, our results illustrate MiKneeSoTA’s ability to abate the effect of STIMA induced by lateral knee ligaments. Our findings indicate that MiKneeSoTA is in fact a promising approach to mitigate knee joint STIMA and thus enable the previously unattainable accurate estimation of translational knee joint motion with an optoelectronic system.
Boundary-localized many-body bound states in the continuum
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

Bound states in the continuum (BICs), referring to spatially localized bound states with energies falling within the range of extended modes, have been extensively investigated in single-particle systems, leading to diverse applications in photonics, acoustics, and other classical-wave systems. Recently, there has been theoretical interest in exploring many-body BICs in interacting quantum systems, which necessitate the careful design of impurity potentials or spatial profiles of interaction. Here, we propose a type of many-body BICs localized at boundaries, which can be purely induced by the uniform onsite interaction without requiring any specific design of impurity potential or nonlocal interaction. We numerically show that three or more interacting bosons can concentrate on the boundary of a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which is absent at single- and two-particle counterparts. Moreover, the eigenenergy of multi-boson bound states can embed within the continuous energy spectra of extended scattering states, thereby giving rise to interaction-induced boundary many-body BICs. Furthermore, by mapping Fock states of three and four bosons to nonlinear circuit networks, we experimentally simulate boundary many-body BICs. Our findings enrich the comprehension of correlated BICs beyond the single-particle level, and have the potential to inspire future investigations on exploring many-body BICs.
Fenton-like nanoparticles capable of H2O2 self-supply and glutathione consumption for chemodynamic and chemotherapy of cancer
Authors: He Yongju , Tian Xiangjie , Zhang Meiru , Xu Hui , Gong Xiyu , Yang Binbin , Zhou Fangfang
Published: September 2024

A multifunctional nanosystem featuring a synergy of “H2O2 supplementation–GSH depletion–Fenton-like activity” was successfully developed to enhance CDT and concomitantly combine it with chemotherapy for tumor treatment.
Binaphthyl-based chiral covalent organic frameworks for chiral drug separation
Authors: Ma Hui-Chao , Jiang Hai-Ping , Yao Zi-Hui , Tan Jun-Feng , Xing Yang-Yang , Chen Gong-Jun , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: September 2024

A novel binaphthyl-based chiral (R)-BHTP-COF was synthesized that can serve as an efficient CSP for HPLC. The COF-packed HPLC columns provide high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the chiral separation of six racemic drugs.
Secondary structure changes as the potential H2 sensing mechanism of group D [FeFe]-hydrogenases
Authors: Voloshyn Ivan , Schumann Conrad , Cabotaje Princess R. , Zamader Afridi , Land Henrik , Senger Moritz
Published: September 2024

The H2 sensing mechanism in [FeFe]-hydrogenases involves a structural rearrangement of the protein backbone most likely involved in signal transduction.
Amorphous PtOx-engineered Pt@WO3 nanozymes with efficient NAD+ generation for an electrochemical cascade biosensor
Authors: Liu Xinting , Zhang Wanyi , Yang Minghui , Jiang Xingxing
Published: September 2024

A Pt/PtOx@WO3−x nanozyme with NADH oxidase-like activity was strategically designed to generate bioactive NAD+ for HB detection.
Ion migration in p-type perovskite MAPbI3 films under an electric field and thin-film transistor device failure
Authors: Su Jiale , Yang Zhenxin , Li Xuanhe , Li Fushun , Hu Juntao , Chen Nan , Zhang Tao , Wang Dengke , Lu Zheng-Hong , Zhu Qiang
Published: September 2024

Ion migration in MAPbI3 films and subsequent electrochemical material decomposition under voltage bias was investigated through dynamic analysis on morphology, chemical states, and electrical properties.
Understanding the motional dynamics of the ammonium ion in the mechanism of multiferroicity of Cr(v) peroxychromates: a 1H NMR study
Authors: Samantaray Raghabendra , Acharya Debashis , Priyadarshini Anulipsa , Sahu Rojalin , Besara T. , Dalal Naresh S.
Published: September 2024

Motional dynamics of ammonium ions in Cr(5+)-based peroxychromates, (NH4)3Cr(O2)4.
Directed evolution of C-methyltransferase PsmD for enantioselective pyrroloindole derivative production
Authors: Amariei Diana A. , Tenhaef Julia , Classen Thomas , David Benoit , Rosch Tobias M. , Gohlke Holger , Noack Stephan , Pietruszka Jörg
Published: September 2024

The engineering of stereoselective C-methyltransferase PsmD through saturation mutagenesis led to improved activity for larger substrates. An automated process was designed and successfully applied for the mutant library production and screening.
Efficient LED-driven MOF-catalysis for aerobic C–H and C–C bond oxidation
Authors: Sheykhan Mehdi , Bahmani Mona , Abbasnia Masoumeh
Published: September 2024

A novel LED-driven aerobic C–H oxidation is reported via MOF catalysis, eliminating the need for metal sources, additives, or oxidants.
Rationally coupling thermal tolerance, thermal conductance, and overheating-response in a separator for safe batteries
Authors: Lu Haotian , Du Ao , Lin Xiaoping , Zhang Ziyi , Liu Sisi , Xie Yuansen , Li Wenhao , Song Jianwei , Lu Yuhao , Chen Wei , Yang Chunpeng , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: September 2024

Guided by electro-chemo-thermal simulations, the thermal tolerance, thermal conductance, and overheating-response properties were rationally coupled in a separator for safe lithium batteries.
Biodegradable nanoparticles aid the gut microbial community in delaying antibiotic resistance emergence
Authors: Herrera Genesis , Paudel Sachin , Lupini Simone , Astete Carlos , Sabliov Cristina , Rodrigues Debora
Published: September 2024

The antibiotic-nanoparticle combinatorial treatment delays the rise in antibiotic resistance genes and minimizes adverse impacts on the gut microbiome compared to free antibiotics.
Hollow Co3O4 nanospheres modified with RuCl3 as peroxidase mimics for sensitive determination of sulfide ions at neutral pH
Authors: Chen Daqing , Li Minghui , Wang Wanzhu , Ge Danhua , Chen Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

RuCl3-modified hollow Co3O4 nanospheres (Ru3+-C@Co3O4 HNSs) were utilized to establish a colorimetric sensor for selective determination of S2− ions.
Visible-light-excited organic room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Li Longqiang , Liu Depeng , Zhou Jiayin , Qi Min , Yin Guangqiang , Chen Tao
Published: September 2024

This review summarizes great advancements in visible-light-excited RTP, mainly focusing on the construction strategies, optical properties, underlying emission mechanisms, and innovative applications.
ZnO doped highly porous activated charcoal-polyaniline incorporated NiP coatings as high performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sugandhi Aswathy Retnakaran , Mohammed Akhila , Nair Sumi Vijayakumari Sasidharan , Sreenivasan Rijith
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting has attracted significant research attention in recent years as it is a clean, sustainable, and renewable energy source.
Strong sequence–dependence in RNA/DNA hybrid strand displacement kinetics
Authors: Smith Francesca G. , Goertz John P. , Jurinović Križan , Stevens Molly M. , Ouldridge Thomas E.
Published: September 2024

Differences in DNA–DNA and hybrid RNA–DNA stability, parameterized by ΔGrd, leads to slopes in the free energy profile of hybrid strand displacement. These slopes are highly sequence-dependent, leading to strong sequence–dependence in reaction rates.
Improved photodegradation of a superabsorber via carbon dots as electron transfer stations
Authors: Sui Shuxin , Zhao Fengjiao , Zhang Tianfu , Chen Zhen , Yin Hongming
Published: September 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) improve the photodegradation of PAA-Na in PAA-Na + TiO2 system by ∼9.8%. This is because CDs can build efficient electron transfer pathways between TiO2 NPs and PAA-Na which facilitate the photodegradation processes.
Boosting the oxygen reduction activity of silver nanoclusters via selective exposure of solvent-coordinated sites
Authors: Wang Zhao-Di , Han Ye , Sun Wen-Yan , Peng Peng , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: September 2024

A versatile strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) has been developed by activating metal sites occupied by weakly coordinating solvent molecules as catalytic active centers.s
Bimetallic MOF-based catalysts with enhanced activity for electrochemical hydrogen evolution in acid and alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Rui-Zhe , Lu Lele , Cheng Peng , Shi Wei
Published: September 2024

Isostructural bimetallic MxNi1−x-NKU-100 electrocatalysts were synthesized. CuxNi1−x-NKU-100 and FexNi1−x-NKU-100 exhibited improved electrocatalytic HER performance in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively.
Binary Ni–W metal sulfides with polyhedral nanostructures towards efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Zi-Zhang , Fan Ruo-Yao , Zhou Ya-Nan , Yu Ning , Dong Bin , Yan Zi-Feng
Published: September 2024

Designing multi-transition metal-based sulfides holds promise for alkaline water electrolysis, whereas the selection of suitable, cheap candidates and a facile building strategy remains challenging.
Visible light-induced denitrogenative annulation reaction of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones with alkenes and alkynes via electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formation: a sustainable approach to isoindolinone and isoquinolinone synthesis
Authors: Korivi Ramaraju , Sureshbabu Popuri , Busi Kumar Babu , Chakrabortty Sabyasachi , Mannathan Subramaniyan
Published: September 2024

An efficient metal-free approach for the synthesis of isoindolinones and isoquinolinones from 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones via electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex formation under visible light is described.
Enhancing Cr(vi) removal performance of Ti3C2Tx through structural modification by using a spray freezing method
Authors: Yi Linjie , Wang Hongwei , Ren Xianliang , Liu GaoBin , Nian Hongen , Zheng Zhiqin , Wu Fang
Published: September 2024

Spherical and flaky Ti3C2Tx were prepared successfully by adjusting the concentration of Ti3C2Tx solution in a freeze-drying method. The flaky Ti3C2Tx sample has a very high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate for Cr(vi).
Extraction and complexation studies with 2,6-bis(5-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine in the presence of 2-bromohexanoic acid
Authors: Stracke Jonas , Weßling Patrik , Sittel Thomas , Meiners Paul , Geist Andreas , Panak. Petra J.
Published: September 2024

Extraction studies of An(iii) and Ln(iii) with C4-BPP showed an excellent separation factor of SFAm(iii)/Eu(iii) ≈ 200 due to [Eu(C4-BPP)2(2-bromohexanoate)m](3−m)+ (m = 1–3). In contrast, Cm(iii) forms significantly more stable homoleptic complexes.
Retraction: Recent advances in visible-light graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts for chemical transformations
Authors: Singh Praveen P. , Srivastava Vishal
Published: September 2024

Retraction of ‘Recent advances in visible-light graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts for chemical transformations’ by Praveen P. Singh and Vishal Srivastava, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 18245–18265, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA01797K.
Boosting the kinetics of PET glycolysis
Authors: Schlüter Maria , Enomoto Ryota , Makino Shin , Weihs Lisa , Stamm Cyra Lina , Wohlgemuth Kerstin , Held Christoph
Published: September 2024

Glycolysis is the most promising chemical recycling method to depolymerize poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with ethylene glycol (EG) into the monomer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET).
A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor assembled by dahlia-like core–shell cobalt/tin-based chalcogenide@nickel hydroxide grown on reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Sun Huiru , Zong Hanwen , Huang Wenjun , Duan Lejiao , Dong Jingjing , Sun Yuesheng , Lu Zhongqi , Yang Zhihan , Liu Yawen , Liu Jingquan
Published: September 2024

rCSCTN hybrids are synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method and employed for the fabrication of a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor with superb performance.
Enhanced ammonia production via synergistic piezo-photocatalysis using TiO2@layered silicate magadiite nanosheets
Authors: Ma Ke-Chun , Lin Hsun-Yen , Chen Yu-Ching , Tsai Cheng-Hsi , Zheng Kai-Han , Wu Jyh Ming
Published: September 2024

Stress concentration at the TiO2-layered silicate magadiite (LSM) interface enhances NRR performance of TiO2@LSM via piezo-photocatalysis, providing a low-emission alternative to conventional ammonia production methods.
An intelligent electrochromic film with passive radiative cooling and synergistic solar light control capabilities for displays and smart windows
Authors: Zhang Zuowei , He Xian , Yu Meina , Zhang Luoning , Xiao Xiao , Zou Cheng , Gao Yanzi , Wang Qian , Yang Huai
Published: September 2024

The proposed film has a good light modulation capability within the solar spectrum (ΔTlum = 75.13 and ΔTsol = 66.41), and the maximum cooling power during the day and night reaches 97.63 W m−2 K−1 and 136.24 W m−2 K−1, respectively.
Preparation and transformation of color centers in 4H-SiC by electron irradiation and subsequent annealing
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Yang , Liu Yan , Tian Yaolan , Li Qingbo , Zhao Xian
Published: September 2024

The conversion from VSi to CAV induced by 2 MeV 1016 e cm−2 was compared with that induced by annealing, and the latter was more thorough. The optimized preparation conditions are: 2 MeV is prone to CAV and 10 MeV corresponding to VSi.
Engineering flaky carbonyl iron/MoS2 composites with tuned and broadband absorption towards low-frequency electromagnetic waves
Authors: Yao Zhiqian , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xueru , Wu Yunfei , Cui Jiewu , Wang Jiaheng , Wang Yan , Liu Jiaqin , Wu Yucheng
Published: September 2024

Engineering microwave absorption composites with tuned and broadband absorption towards low-frequency electromagnetic waves of both civil and military areas.
Tomographic SAR imaging via generative adversarial neural network with cascaded U‐Net architecture
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Kun , Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Bingchen , Wu Yirong
Published: September 2024

Tomographic synthetic aperture radar is an advanced multi‐channel interferometric technique for retrieving 3‐D spatial information. It can be regarded as an inherently sparse reconstruction problem and can be solved using compressive sensing algorithms. However, the performances are limited by the number of acquisitions and suffer from computational burdens in practice. This paper proposes a novel method based on deep learning, which is carried out and optimized in an end‐to‐end manner by the generative adversarial neural networks. The proposed method applies the cascaded U‐Net architectures to achieve the reconstruction of full‐channel synthetic aperture radar images and the refinement of obtained tomographic results, respectively. The proposed network is trained using simulated data and validate the technique on simulated and real data. The tests show promising results with the limited number of acquisitions while reducing the computation time.
An improved multi‐scale YOLOv8 for apple leaf dense lesion detection and recognition
Authors: Huo Shixin , Duan Na , Xu Zhizheng
Published: September 2024

Apple leaf lesions present a challenge for their detection and recognition because of their wide variety of species, morphologies, uneven sizes, and complex backgrounds. This paper proposes an improved multi‐scale YOLOv8 for apple leaf dense lesion detection and recognition. In the proposed YOLOv8, an improved C2f‐RFEM module is constructed in the backbone network to improve the feature extraction of disease object. A new neck network is designed by using C2f‐DCN and C2f‐DCN‐EMA module, which are established with deformable convolutions and efficient multi‐scale attention module with cross‐spatial learning attention mechanism. Moreover, a large‐scale detection head is introduced for increasing the resolution of the small lesion targets, so as to further improve the detection ability for multi‐scale diseases. Finally, the improved YOLOv8 is tested on the common objects in context (COCO) database with 80 kinds of objectives and an apple leaf disease database with 8 kinds of diseases. Compared to the baseline YOLOv8 model, the proposed improved YOLOv8 increases the mAP0.5 by 3%, and decreases the floating‐point operations per second (FLOPs) by 0.3G on the COCO database. For the apple leaf disease database, the improved YOLOv8 outperforms in terms of mAP and FLOPs compared to other models, for parameters and model size, it is ranked second and third, respectively. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 has better adaptability to multi‐scale dense distribution of apple leaf disease spots with complex scenarios.
Development of a reliable adaptive estimation approach for a low‐cost attitude and heading reference system
Authors: Abdolkarimi Elahe Sadat , Rafatnia Sadra
Published: September 2024

A main challenge within inertial navigation systems involves attitude determination, which refers to the process of estimating the angles that define orientations. A new algorithm is presented to estimate a reliable and proper model for a low‐cost attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), while also, including long‐term global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outages with various dynamical manoeuvres. In the proposed approach, the initial AHRS model is continuously refined at each time step through the incorporation of complementary terms using a new prediction method. These complementary terms are determined using attitude information from the accelerometers output and the GNSS as reference systems. The proposed estimation technique undergoes mathematical analysis to ascertain stochastic stability and is further assessed through real‐world aerial experimental tests conducted with hardware‐in‐the‐loop mechanisation. The obtained results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the reliability and accuracy of the AHRS through the proposed estimation algorithm, even under GNSS blockages. The comparative results highlight the higher performance of the suggested data fusion scheme in providing a reliable and accurate model for the AHRS in normal conditions and assisting a powerful neural network‐based algorithm to provide reliable heading information even during long‐term GNSS outages under dynamical manoeuvres.