bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐velocity impact behavior and quasi‐static indentation of new elastomeric nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers and lignin powder
Authors: Ghiaskar Ahmad , Damghani Nouri Mohammad
Published: November 2023

The present study investigates the indentation resistance of elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber with different amounts of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) under quasi‐static indentation (QSI) and high‐velocity impact (HVI) tests. At first, the baking characteristics and hardness of the samples were checked. The results showed that with the increase in CNFs content, the hardness of the samples increases, and the optimal baking time decreases. A high‐quality final product is produced through good dispersion and acceptable physical bonding between the CNF filler and the rubber chain. Further, the results of quasi‐static indentation showed that the amount of energy absorption for optimal loading of 6 phr increased by 43% compared to a control sample (0 phr). Similarly, from the high‐speed impact results for optimal loading (6 phr), the ballistic limit and energy absorption values increased by 23.6 and 52.7%, respectively, compared to the control sample (0 phr). It was also observed for higher values (9,12 phr) that the glass transition temperature, Tg, effect significantly affected the fracture behavior of the samples due to the high‐speed impact. Finally, CNFs provide better bonding with polymer chains to improve properties through good interaction with natural rubber, making them suitable for energy absorption applications.

Highlights

New elastomeric nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers were made.

Increasing the amount of CNFs decreases the optimum curing temperature.

The hardness of elastomeric nanocomposites is increased by cellulose nanofibers.

The indentation properties of nanocomposites have increased significantly.

The optimum value of 6‐phr increased the impact resistance of nanocomposites.
Vortioxetine as a potential alternative for patients with escitalopram‐induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome: A report of three cases
Authors: Arai Kaoru , Nonaka Mari , Shimada Shoko , Nakamura Masayuki
Published: November 2023

Background

Jitteriness/anxiety syndrome is a recognized adverse effect observed during the initiation or change of dose in antidepressant treatment. Managing patients who develop this syndrome remains a challenge. While escitalopram is a widely used antidepressant known to cause these symptoms, this report explores vortioxetine as a therapeutic alternative.

Case Presentation

Three distinct clinical scenarios were observed in patients who manifested jitteriness/anxiety syndrome while on escitalopram treatment for depression. Patient A was initiated on escitalopram and experienced an initial alleviation in depressive symptoms, but 3 months later displayed mood elevation, talkativeness, and increased activity, which disturbed his daily life. A transition to vortioxetine subsequently resolved the mood elevation. Patient B exhibited elevated mood, hyperactivity, irritability, and talkativeness just 6 days post‐initiation of treatment with escitalopram. After the discontinuation of escitalopram and unsuccessful trials with aripiprazole, lurasidone, and lamotrigine, her depressive mood intensified, culminating in suicidal ideation. Starting vortioxetine led to a consistent improvement of her symptoms, and she resumed work and was emotionally stable. Patient C was initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder and faced a relapse into depression despite undergoing various treatments. After 2 weeks on escitalopram, she exhibited irritability and self‐harm urges. Three months later, after being re‐diagnosed with depressive disorders with anxious distress, vortioxetine was administered, which significantly reduced her depressive symptoms and allowed her to continue her education.

Conclusion

Vortioxetine presents as a promising therapeutic alternative that is worth considering for patients with escitalopram‐induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome.
Neu Laxova syndrome and megacystis in the first trimester: Broadening the fetal phenotype
Authors: Bourgon Nicolas , Chen Ruiqian , Grangé Gilles , Grotto Sarah , Molac Clémence , Loeuillet Laurence , Attié‐Bitach Tania
Published: November 2023

Neu Laxova syndrome (NLS) is a rare and lethal congenital disorder characterized by severe intra‐uterine growth retardation (IUGR), ichthyosis, abnormal facial features, limb abnormalities with arthrogryposis and a wide spectrum of severe malformations of the central nervous system (CNS). NLS is due to biallelic variants in three genes previously involved in serine‐deficiency disorders (PHGDH, PSAT1 and PSPH), extending the phenotypic spectrum of these disorders.
Risk factors for delayed termination of pregnancy following increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Bunnell Megan E. , Adams Sophie , Pelletier Andrea , Hoffman Sage Yael
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Termination of pregnancy after increased nuchal translucency (NT) is a common occurrence. This study aimed to identify characteristics of a cohort with a NT ≥3.0 mm who underwent a pregnancy termination ≥15 weeks compared with those who terminated <15 weeks.

Methods

All NT ≥3.0 mm identified within our department over an 11‐year period (2010–2021) (n = 689) were retrospectively examined and characteristics of the cohort of increased NTs ending in termination were further categorized.

Results

There were 221 (32.1%) individuals with an increased NT (≥3 mm) who underwent a termination of pregnancy within our study period (2010–2021). Pregnancy termination occurred at a gestational age <15 weeks in 162 (73.3%) and ≥15 weeks in 59 individuals. Pregnant individuals without positive NIPT for aneuploidy were at a higher risk for a ≥15‐week termination (p = 0.004). In 29% (17/59) of late terminations, there were additional imaging findings after the NT scan (ultrasound, echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging) that ultimately triggered the decision to pursue termination.

Conclusions

As the options for workup of an increased NT expand, potential delays in decision‐making surrounding termination increase. This study identifies multiple reasons for delayed termination and proposes several approaches to care aimed at maximizing diagnostic information by imaging and diagnostic testing in an expedited manner.
Preparation of porous membrane for moisture absorption from high‐humidity gases
Authors: Guo Dan , Ma Xiaoyan , Lu Yongji , Li Nana
Published: November 2023

Suitable air humidity is of great importance for human health, crop growth and the life of buildings. In this work, the polyvinylidene fluoride/calcium chloride (PVDF/CaCl2) porous membranes with rich pore structures for adsorption of high‐humidity gases were prepared using solvent evaporation‐induced phase separation. The results showed that the gap between the PVDF spherical crystals increased with the increase of CaCl2 content, which increased the porosity of the membrane. When the CaCl2 content reached 20 wt.%, the water vapor adsorption capacity of the PVDF/CaCl2 porous membrane was 0.876 and the initial adsorption rate was 0.050 g·g−1·min−1. At this point, the moisture vapor permeance of the membrane was the best at 0.04 g·m−2·h−1·Pa−1, and the dry strength of the PVDF/CaCl2 membrane was 0.397 MPa, which was 1.64 times that of the membrane without CaCl2. This work provides theoretical and technical guidance for the preparation of air dehumidification materials.

Highlights

The porosity of the membranes increased with increasing of calcium chloride content.

The moisture vapor permeance of the M‐20 membrane was the best at 0.04 g·m−2·h−1·Pa−1.

The dry strength of the M‐20 membrane was 1.64 times that of the M‐0 membrane.
Migrants' choices pertaining to informal childcare in Italy and France: A complex relationship between the origin and destination countries
Authors: Trappolini Eleonora , Barbiano di Belgiojoso Elisa , Rimoldi Stefania M. L. , Terzera Laura
Published: November 2023

Childcare is a need that inevitably emerges once migrants establish themselves and their families in their destination country. However, migrants' use of informal childcare still constitutes an under‐researched phenomenon. Using data from the ‘Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens’ survey (2011–2012) for Italy and the ‘Trajectoires et Origines’ survey (2008–2009) for France, this paper examines differences between migrants living in the two countries in terms of their use of informal childcare and, more specifically, their informal childcare arrangements. We employ a comparative analysis because we hypothesised that parental choices would depend on the migrants' region of origin, the institutional context of their destination country and the interplay between these two elements. The results suggest that migrants' choices stem from a complex relationship between the norms and beliefs of the country of origin and those in the destination country, which are generally characterised by different family policies and levels of childcare availability. We show that the use of informal childcare is higher among migrants in Italy than it is among those in France, even among migrants from the same region of origin. The results also suggest that the use of particular informal childcare arrangements varies by region of origin regardless of destination country, supporting the hypothesis that migrants' cultural values and beliefs play a critical role in determining childcare arrangements. Finally, we demonstrate that household composition and parents' occupational status strongly influence migrants' childcare choices.
A model‐based approach leveraging in vitro data to support dose selection from the outset: A framework for bispecific antibodies in immuno‐oncology
Authors: Sánchez Javier , Claus Christina , Albrecht Rosmarie , Gaillard Brenda C. , Marinho Joana , McIntyre Christine , Tanos Tamara , Boehnke Axel , Friberg Lena E. , Jönsson Siv , Frances Nicolas
Published: November 2023

FAP‐4‐1BBL is a bispecific antibody exerting 4‐1BB‐associated T‐cell activation only while simultaneously bound to the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) receptor, expressed on the surface of cancer‐associated fibroblasts. The trimeric complex formed when FAP‐4‐1BBL is simultaneously bound to FAP and 4‐1BB represents a promising mechanism to achieve tumor‐specific 4‐1BB stimulation. We integrated in vitro data with mathematical modeling to characterize the pharmacology of FAP‐4‐1BBL as a function of trimeric complex formation when combined with the T‐cell engager cibisatamab. This relationship was used to prospectively predict a range of clinical doses where trimeric complex formation is expected to be at its maximum. Depending on the dosing schedule and FAP‐4‐1BBL plasma: tumor distribution, doses between 2 and 145 mg could lead to maximum trimeric complex formation in the clinic. Due to the expected variability in both pharmacokinetic and FAP expression in the patient population, we predict that detecting a clear dose–response relationship would remain difficult without a large number of patients per dose level, highlighting that mathematical modeling techniques based on in vitro data could aid dose selection.
Poisson's Ratio beyond the Classically Allowable Range in Chiral Isotropic Elastic Materials: Effect of k and Experiment
Authors: Lakes Roderic S. , Huey Ballard
Published: November 2023

Poisson's ratio in chiral isotropic elastic solids can be larger or smaller than the classical thermodynamic bounds. The effect of Cosserat coupling constant k is studied. Analysis shows that solids with weak coupling exhibit Poisson's ratio anomalies for larger specimen sizes than corresponding solids with strong coupling. Experiments on a quasi‐isotropic composite with chiral inclusions show Poisson's ratio greater than 0.5.
Tick bite risk factors and prevention measures in an area with emerging Powassan virus disease
Authors: Wilson Nicolette , Vahey Grace M. , McDonald Emily , Fitzpatrick Kelly , Lehman Jennifer , Clark Sandhya , Lindell Kristine , Pastula Daniel M. , Perez Stephen , Rhodes Heather , Gould Carolyn V. , Staples J. Erin , Martin Stacey W. , Cervantes Kim
Published: November 2023

Background

In the United States (U.S.), Powassan virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the black‐legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Rarely, infections can present as severe neuroinvasive disease. In 2019, four neuroinvasive disease cases were reported in Sussex County, New Jersey, U.S. We administered a survey to county residents to better understand tick bite risk factors and the performance of personal prevention measures.

Methods

A survey was administered in October 2019 to adult residents of randomly selected households. Questions focused on tick bite prevention and risk factors. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for various outcomes.

Results

Of 274 participants, 25% were previously diagnosed with a tick‐borne disease, and 42% reported finding an attached tick in 2019. Yardwork and gardening (OR = 7.38) and spending >50 hours outdoors per week (OR = 8.15) were associated with finding an attached tick. Finding an attached tick was inversely associated with the number of prevention measures used, indicating that a layered approach could reduce the risk of tick bites. Those who performed post‐outdoor activity prevention measures (e.g., tick checks) were less likely to have a tick attached compared to finding a crawling tick.

Conclusion

Compliance with prevention recommendations was low, despite a high prevalence of reported tick bites and significant outdoor exposures. Older adults and persons who spend significant time outdoors or engage in yardwork or gardening were at the highest risk of tick bites. Additional research is needed to further understand the barriers to tick bite prevention.
Improving classification‐based nowcasting of radiation fog with machine learning based on filtered and preprocessed temporal data
Authors: Schütz Michaela , Schütz Adrian , Bendix Jörg , Thies Boris
Published: November 2023

Radiation fog nowcasting remains a complex yet critical task due to its substantial impact on traffic safety and economic activity. Current numerical weather prediction models are hindered by computational intensity and knowledge gaps regarding fog‐influencing processes. Machine‐Learning (ML) models, particularly those employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) algorithm, may offer a robust alternative, given their ability to learn directly from data, swiftly generate nowcasts, and manage non‐linear interrelationships among fog variables. However, unlike recurrent neural networks XGB does not inherently process temporal data, which is crucial in fog formation and dissipation. This study proposes incorporating preprocessed temporal data into the model training and applying a weighted moving‐average filter to regulate the substantial fluctuations typical in fog development. Using an ML training and evaluation scheme for time series data, we conducted an extensive bootstrapped comparison of the influence of different smoothing intensities and trend information timespans on the model performance on three levels: overall performance, fog formation and fog dissipation. The performance is checked against one benchmark and two baseline models. A significant performance improvement was noted for the station in Linden‐Leihgestern (Germany), where the initial F1 score of 0.75 (prior to smoothing and trend information incorporation) was improved to 0.82 after applying the smoothing technique and further increased to 0.88 when trend information was incorporated. The forecasting periods ranged from 60 to 240 min into the future. This study offers novel insights into the interplay of data smoothing, temporal preprocessing, and ML in advancing radiation fog nowcasting.
Characterizing the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the western Pacific Ocean from a regional coupled ocean–atmosphere model simulation
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Jayasankar C. B.
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the analysis of the results from a 20 km grid spacing, Regional Coupled ocean–atmosphere Model (RCM) integration over the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP2). The RCM was integrated over a 20‐year period (1986–2005) using reanalysis boundary conditions for the atmosphere and the ocean. This is a first‐of‐a‐kind study with an RCM at 20 km over the WP2. The RCM simulation shows reasonable fidelity of the mean state and of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). We utilize this successful integration of the RCM to understand a well‐known observed feature of MJOs in the WP2 to be of the strongest amplitude during the December–March period of the year. Our analysis of the model integration reveals that the recharge of moist static energy (MSE) prior to peak MJO convection and its discharge during and after the convection explains the MJO in the simulation. The recharge/discharge of the MSE is shown to be largely dictated by horizontal advection, which is stemmed to a small extent by column‐integrated radiative heating and surface evaporation. This balance of forces in the evolution of the MSE anomalies and their corresponding variations with sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies at MJO time‐scales in the WP2 is strongest in the December–March period in the RCM simulation.
Development of in situ Li isotope analysis using laser ablation quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Xuefei , Sio Corliss Kin I , Chu Xu , Jiang Hehe
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Lithium isotope geochemistry is an important tool in the studies of Earth and planetary materials. In situ Li isotope analyses are typically performed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICPMS), but these instruments are not widely accessible. Here, the capability of laser ablation quadrupole ICPMS for conducting Li isotopic analyses is evaluated.

Methods

An array of MPI‐DING and USGS silicate glass reference materials was analyzed repeatedly over the course of 6 months. These materials range from komatiite to rhyolite in terms of silica content (45.5–75.6 wt%) with 9–45 ppm Li. Their Li isotope compositions have been previously characterized so that matrix effects could be tested with these reference materials. Analyses were conducted using an NWR193 laser ablation system coupled to an Agilent 7900 ICPMS system.

Results

Analytical precision is primarily limited by Li concentration in the samples. For samples with ~9 ppm Li, the internal precision is 6‰ (2 SD, 150 μm spot diameter), whereas that for a sample with ~45 ppm Li is 4‰ (2 SD, 120 μm spot diameter). The technique is somewhat sensitive to sample matrix: samples with SiO2 content that deviates from the bracketing standard display fractionated δ7Li, necessitating correction using a session‐specific matrix correction curve.

Conclusion

Lithium isotope analysis by ns‐LA‐QICPMS is worthwhile for samples with high Li concentrations and when a matrix‐matched standard can be obtained. Although the precision of this method is not as high as those achievable with SIMS and LA‐MC‐ICPMS, it remains adequate for resolving large isotope fractionations found in natural and laboratory settings.
A distributed diffusion Kalman filter with event‐triggered mechanism and guaranteed stability
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Junhui , Wang Jianan , Yan Xiaoyong , Xin Ming
Published: November 2023

In this article, a distributed diffusion Kalman filtering algorithm with event‐triggered communication (DDKF‐E) is studied for discrete‐time nonlinear systems. According to the event‐triggered communication protocol, the data between sensors and estimators are transmitted only when the predefined conditions are satisfied. Considering the characteristic of event‐triggered method and truncated error by linearization, an upper bound of the estimation error covariance matrix is obtained by using the variance‐constrained method. The Kalman gain is designed to minimize the upper bound and then two Riccati equations are obtained. Furthermore, the stochastic stability theory is used to prove the stability of DDKF‐E, and it is derived that the estimation error of DDKF‐E is exponentially bounded in mean square. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the DDKF‐E algorithm.
Ecological and evolutionary inferences from aphid microbiome analyses depend on methods and experimental design
Authors: Wolfgang Adrian , Tack Ayco J. M. , Berg Gabriele , Abdelfattah Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Aphids play an important role in agroecological contexts as pests and vectors of plant diseases. Aphid performance is closely connected to microbial endosymbionts that provide different benefits or costs to both the aphids and their hosts plants. Furthermore, the microbiome of aphids is connected to soil microbiomes via the plant. Aphid microbiome experiments usually include a pooling step, where several individuals are sequenced together to obtain sufficient DNA concentrations but pooling may blur intraspecific variations.

Materials and Methods

To investigate the effects of sequencing single versus pooled aphids on the results of microbiome analyses, we compared 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon libraries from pooled and single oak aphids (Tuberculatus annulatus HARTIG) under three different soil treatments. We tested whether results quantitatively or qualitatively depend on pooling aphids, prevalence‐based in silico filtering or removal of the primary endosymbiont (Buchnera aphidicola). Buchnera phylogeny, prevalence and abundance of secondary endosymbionts and effects of soil microbiota were investigated.

Results

Pooling leads to quantitative differences in bacteria and qualitative differences in fungal species richness, bacterial community composition and partially fungal community composition. Filtering‐dependent results were obtained for bacterial evenness. Buchnera phylogeny supports the hypothesis of cospeciation of primary endosymbionts in oak aphids. We detected Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Rickettsiella, Serratia and Sphingopyxis in oak aphids, with their prevalence and abundance partially affected by pooling. Pooling leads to overestimating the frequency of multispecies endosymbiont infections, while underestimating their relative abundance.

Conclusion

We hereby extend our view on non‐model aphid microbiomes and identify pitfalls in experimental design in aphid microbiome research.
A Mini‐Review on the Application of Computational Strategies in Multi‐Armed Star‐PEG Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Udin Syarah Mat , Maarof Hasmerya , Rahman Norizah Abdul
Published: November 2023

Polymeric micelles (PM) are amphiphilic block copolymers that can form nanoscopic core/shell structures, making them highly effective for drug delivery systems (DDS). Multi‐armed starshaped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers, a promising type of PM, provide a regulated release of drugs and can be integrated with numerous endpoints to create multifunctional drug delivery systems capable of transporting a large number of drugs. Star‐PEG polymers can also be cross‐linked to create three dimensional hydrogels with variable functionalities and sizes, increasing blood flow and reducing unanticipated drug release. In this review, we present state‐of‐the‐art computational tools for analyzing drug pharmacokinetic profiles and identifying molecular interactions critical for successful drug encapsulation in star‐PEG PM. By taking into account the features described, academic and industrial researchers can identify novel interrelationships in PM and maximize their capabilities as DDSs for systemic administration, ultimately enhancing the medicinal qualities of drug delivery.
Bactericidal and Antioxidant Potential ofMoringa oleiferaCapped Silver Nanoparticles under Varied Conditions
Authors: Ali Fareha , Ali Shaukat , Shahbaz Sana , Summer Muhammad , Mazhar Ali Nazish , Adeel Farooq Muhammad , Tanveer Tahreem , Hassan Ali , Abdullah Shakir Hafiz
Published: November 2023

Microbial infections have consistently been identified as one of the major threats to global health. In this regard, the current study was designed to synthesize and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mo‐AgNPs at various concentrations (2, 4, and 8 mg/mL), temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, 37 °C, and 85 °C) and pH (4, 7, and 11) against Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Aeromonas veronii) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) by the well diffusion method as well as antioxidant potential using DPPH assay at 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL. Fabrication of Mo‐AgNPs was authenticated by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Mo‐AgNPs produced a significant zone of growth inhibition (21.0±0.3 mm) againstB. subtilisat 8 mg/mL. At 25 °C, a significant zone of growth inhibition (21.0±0.8 mm) was measured againstE. coli. Similarly, at pH 4, Mo‐AgNPs showed significantly highest growth inhibition zones of 12.0±7.5 mm, 12.0±6.3 mm, and 12.0±9.8 mm againstP. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, andA. veronii, respectively. The present study results indicated that Mo‐AgNPs are stable under varied conditions. Significant free radical scavenging activity (82±0.5 %) of Mo‐AgNPs at 4 mg/mL was observed, which revealed the antioxidant potential of the Mo‐AgNPs.
Extraction of Aluminum and Preparation of Polymerized Aluminum Ferric Sulfate from Red Mud
Authors: MA Yuzhao , HUANG Jiushuang , PAN Aifang , YANG Xiaofeng , TANG Shuai , ZHANG Ziyao , LI Yongqi , MO Miss. Qianzi
Published: November 2023

By employing an “alkali calcination‐water leaching” integrated extraction technique, the separation of aluminum and iron components in red mud is achieved through the extraction of aluminum oxide and the preparation of polymeric aluminum iron sulfate (PAFS) water treatment agent. Basic characteristics of raw material red mud were characterized. The process parameters of activation calcination, leaching, and preparation of water treatment agent were determined. The prepared PAFS was characterized in terms of its fundamental properties and waste water treatment capacity. Results showed that the content of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in red mud was 12.98 % and 6.09 %, respectively, distributed in the amorphous phase, while SiO2 and CaO existed in form of feldspar, calcite, and calcium silicate. During calcination stage, use NaOH as the activation medium, over 43 % Al2O3 could be extracted under the optimal activation and leaching process parameters. After acid leaching of the water‐leached residue, PAFS water treatment agent was prepared by utilizing the resultant acid leaching solution with NaOH as PH regulator. By optimizing the process parameters for preparation, an impressive turbidity removal rate of 97.52 % was achieved for the resulting PAFS. This study presents a viable approach for achieving significant reduction and maximizing the value‐added utilization of red mud.
Facile synthesis of single‐nickel‐atomic dispersed mesoporous carbon nanosheets with controllable nitrogen doping for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Xu Hui , Qiu Liming , Lv Chunmei , Zheng Hongbing , Zhang Yongzheng , Ma Cheng , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng
Published: November 2023

The catalytic conversion of CO2 into high value‐added chemical products driven by electricity was an effective strategy to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration. The development of high efficiency catalysts had always been the core for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The single transition metal sites anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon showed great potential in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this paper, the atomically dispersed Ni−N sites are constructed on the two‐dimensional mesoporous carbon nanosheets by the secondary pyrolysis method. The rich mesoporous structure of the two‐dimensional nanosheets is beneficial to CO2 diffusion and adsorption during CO2RR, and the high nitrogen contents could increase the Ni single atom loadings. The nitrogen content and type could be controlled by regulating the ratio of nitrogen source to carbon source, and the catalyst activity is improved as the proportion of nitrogen sources increases. When the ratio of nitrogen source to carbon source is four, the oxidation state of Ni single atoms Ni@NMCN4 is between 0 and +2, and Ni single atoms exists as Ni−N4 structure with pyridinic N of 32.78 %, which exhibits the best electrochemical CO2RR activity. The active site of Ni@NMCN4 is confirmed as the highly stable Ni single atoms. Moreover, the pyridinic N species are proved to play an important role in enhancing the CO2 electroreduction performance. This work provides a new perspective to adjust the nitrogen content and type in transition metal monatomic‐N‐doped carbon electrocatalysts for CO2RR.
Multi‐Dimensional Binary Micro CuCo2O4/Nano NiCo2S4 for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Yang , Li Shaoqi , Ning Fangxue , Wang Guangning , Wang Tianyang , Chen Tingting
Published: November 2023

It is an effective way to prepare multi‐dimensional and multicomponent electrode material to enhance the capacitance of supercapacitors. The multi‐dimensional micro CuCo2O4/nano NiCo2S4 structure was synthesized by wrapping NiCo2S4 nanosheets on urchin‐like CuCo2O4 microspheres on the surface of nickel foam by two‐step hydrothermal method, and then electrochemical deposition. Due to the synergistic effect of the one‐dimensional CuCo2O4 and the two‐dimensional NiCo2S4 composite and its especial three‐dimensional core‐shell structure, the composite electrode shows excellent supercapacitor performance. The CuCo2O4@NiCo2S4 with three electrodeposition cycles (CCO@NCS‐3) exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2283.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, good rate capability (79.9 % capacitance retention at 10 A g−1) and cycling stability of 84.0 % over 3000 cycles. All these results indicate that the concepts of multi‐dimensional and multi‐component integration provide a general approach for the development of high‐performance materials.
1D/2D Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers/Carbon Flakes Hybrid Nonmetal Polymeric Photo‐ and Piezocatalyst
Authors: Orudzhev Farid , Selimov Daud , Rabadanova Alina , Shuaibov Abdulatip , Abdurakhamanov Magomed , Gulakhmedov Rashid , Papež Nikola , Ramazanov Shikhgasan , Zvereva Irina , Částková Klara
Published: November 2023

Currently, one of the priority tasks is the development of intelligent materials that are sensitive to stimuli and can be used in catalytic applications for efficient decomposition of organic pollutants. Particularly relevant in this regard is the development of inexpensive non‐metallic hybrid polymer photocatalysts, and the explanation of the mechanism of using light energy in such systems is still the subject of open discussions. In this work, hybrid polymer fiber membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with graphite flakes were obtained by electrospinning. The morphology of the obtained samples was investigated using SEM microscopy methods, and their crystalline structure was analysed using XRD, Raman, and FTIR methods. Using RFE spectroscopy, it was shown that the addition of graphite leads to ion‐dipole interaction between the carbon surface and the polymer dipoles, changing the ratio of covalent and semi‐ionic bonds on the surface. The catalytic properties investigated during the decomposition of the organic dye methylene blue (MB) demonstrated high piezocatalytic activity of doped membranes and high photocatalytic activity of PVDF/C0.5. It was established that the photocatalytic activity is due to excitonic excitation.
Controllable selectivity of carboxylic acids produced by H3+n[PMo12‐nVnO40]‐catalyzed oxidation of lignite and its oxidative mechanism analysis
Authors: Liang Chong , Zhao Wei , Liu Xutang , Wang Fei , Jiang Zhijie
Published: November 2023

Although the oxidation of lignite has been extensively studied, the factors affecting the selectivity of carboxylic acids (CAs) are unclear. This attractive work examines the changes in CAs selectivity when lignite is oxidized by H3+n[PMo12‐nVnO40] (HPA‐n, n=1‐5) and discloses the catalytic mechanism of HPA. The results show that the selectivity of benzene polycarboxylic acids and acetic acid (AA) increases with increasing vanadium content of HPA‐n, such as mellitic acid and benzenepentacarboxylic acid from 0.8 % and 3.0 % to 5.4 % and 16.2 %, respectively. Consequently, the differences in the concentration of HPA or H2SO4 used to obtain optimal formic acid and AA yields confirm that the intrinsic properties of CAs calculated by Gaussian 09 can also affect their selectivity. HPA can not only activate lignite through electron transfer, but also further activate oxygen, leading to the generation of active substance ⋅OH in water. Consequentially, ⋅OH as the key reactive substance can promote the breakage of bridge bonds, side chains and condensed aromatic rings during HPA‐catalyzed oxidation of lignite. Thus, the oxidation pathway of lignite over HPA is proposed. This work constructs a relationship between oxidation capacity and CAs selectivity and discloses the lignite oxidation pathway at the molecular level, which is a significant progress in HPA‐catalyzed conversion of lignite.
Synthesis of Levoglucosenone‐derived Thiosemicarbazones as Promising Antituberculosis Agents
Authors: Tsai Yi‐hsuan , Aira Nicolás , Ensinck Delfina , Banchio Claudia , Gramajo Hugo , Suárez Alejandra G. , Spanevello Rolando A. , Sarotti Ariel M.
Published: November 2023

A series of levoglucosenone‐derived thiosemicarbazones have been designed and synthesized following a simple and straightforward procedure. The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the full library were evaluated againstM. tuberculosisH37Ra, with 4 compounds being active in the 1.9–10.7 μg/mL concentration range. To determine the influence of the thiosemicarbazone fragment, the synthetic precursors were analyzed, as well as 50 structurally diverse triazoles and isoxazoles derived from levoglucosenone. Comparing the observed activities with the levels of cell viability in L929 cells at the MIC, it can be concluded that the derivatives reported in this work represent interesting candidates for further development of promising antituberculosis agents.
Highly Efficient Oral Iguratimod/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanodrugs Fabricated by High‐Gravity Nanoprecipitation Technique for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tao Cheng , Li Feifei , Ma Zhenzhen , Li Xiaoming , Zhang Yali , Le Yuan , Wang Jiexin , Zhao Jinxia , Liu Chaoyong , Zhang Jianjun
Published: November 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disease, poses a significant human health threat. Iguratimod (IGUR), a novel disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), has attracted great attention for RA treatment. Due to IGUR’s hydrophobic nature, there’s a pressing need for effective pharmaceutical formulations to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The high‐gravity nanoprecipitation technique (HGNPT) emerges as a promising approach for formulating poorly water‐soluble drugs. In this study, IGUR nanodrugs (NanoIGUR) are synthesized using HGNPT, with a focus on optimizing various operational parameters. The outcomes revealed that HGNPT enabled the continuous production of NanoIGUR with smaller sizes (ranging from 300 to 1000 nm), more uniform shapes, and reduced crystallinity. In vitro drug release tests demonstrated improved dissolution rates with decreasing particle size and crystallinity. Notably, in vitro and in vivo investigations showcased NanoIGUR’s efficacy in inhibiting synovial fibroblast proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as reducing inflammation in collagen‐induced arthritis. This study introduces a promising strategy to enhance and broaden the application of poorly water‐soluble drugs.
A Versatile Platform to Generate Prodrugs with Rapid and Precise Albumin Hitchhiking and High Cargo Loading for Tumor‐Targeted Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Jing , Xing Huimin , Chen Jie , Lu Hongyu , Tao Ze , Tao Yiran , Sun Yunqing , Su Tao , Li Xin , Chang Huansheng , Chen Shiyuan , Chen Zhuo , Yang Hao , Cheng Jingqiu , Zhu Hong , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

Due to its tumor homing and long serum half‐life, albumin is an ideal drug carrier for chemotherapy. For endogenous albumin hitchhiking with high cargo loading, a trimeric albumin‐binding domain (ABD), i.e., ABD‐Tri is designed by fusing an ABD with high specificity and affinity for albumin to a self‐trimerizing domain (Tri) with an additional cysteine residue. ABD‐Tri is highly (40 mg L−1) expressed as soluble and trimeric proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Once mixed together, ABD‐Tri rapidly and specifically forms a stable complex with albumin under physiological conditions without obviously changing its receptor‐ and cell‐binding and tumor‐homing properties. Maleimide‐modified prodrugs are highly effectively conjugated to ABD‐Tri to produce homogenous ABD‐Tri‐prodrugs with triple cargo loading under physiological conditions by thiol–maleimide click chemistry. Unlike the maleimide moiety, which can only mediate time‐ and concentration‐dependent albumin binding, ABD‐Tri mediated fast (within several minutes) albumin binding of drugs even at extremely low concentrations (µg mL−1). Compared to maleimide‐modified prodrugs, ABD‐Tri‐prodrugs exhibit better tumor homing and greater in vivo antitumor effect, indicating that conjugation of chemical drug to ABD‐Tri outperforms maleimide modification for endogenous albumin hitchhiking. The results demonstrate that ABD‐Tri may serve as a novel platform to produce albumin‐binding prodrugs with high cargo‐loading capacity for tumor‐targeted chemotherapy.
Wavelength‐Controlled Photoconductance Polarity Switching via Harnessing Defects in Doped PdSe2 for Artificial Synaptic Features
Authors: Jiang Jiayang , Xu Weiting , Sun Zhenhao , Fu Lei , Zhang Shixiong , Qin Biao , Fan Teng , Li Guoping , Chen Shuaiyu , Yang Shengxue , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Tang Ning
Published: November 2023

Optoelectronic synapses are currently drawing significant attention as fundamental building blocks of neuromorphic computing to mimic brain functions. In this study, a two‐terminal synaptic device based on a doped PdSe2 flake is proposed to imitate the key neural functions in an optical pathway. Due to the wavelength‐dependent desorption of oxygen clusters near the intrinsic selenide vacancy defects, the doped PdSe2 photodetector achieves a high negative photoresponsivity of −7.8 × 103 A W−1 at 473 nm and a positive photoresponsivity of 181 A W−1 at 1064 nm. This wavelength‐selective bi‐direction photoresponse endows an all‐optical pathway to imitate the fundamental functions of artificial synapses on a device level, such as psychological learning and forgetting capability, as well as dynamic logic functions. The underpinning photoresponse is further demonstrated on a flexible platform, providing a viable technology for neuromorphic computing in wearable electronics. Furthermore, the p‐type doping results in an effective increase of the channel's electrical conductivity and a significant reduction in power consumption. Such low‐power‐consuming optical synapses with simple device architecture and low‐dimensional features demonstrate tremendous promise for building multifunctional artificial neuromorphic systems in the future.
Nanostructure Tuning of Gold Nanoparticles Films via Click Sintering
Authors: Urban Massimo , Rosati Giulio , Maroli Gabriel , Pelle Flavio Della , Bonini Andrea , Sajti Laszlo , Fedel Mariangela , Merkoçi Arben
Published: November 2023

Colloidal metal nanoparticles dispersions are commonly used to create functional printed electronic devices and they typically require time‐, energy‐ and equipment‐consuming post‐treatments to improve their electrical and mechanical properties. Traditional methods, e.g. thermal, UV/IR, and microwave treatments, limit the substrate options and may require expensive equipment, not available in all the laboratories. Moreover, these processes also cause the collapse of the film (nano)pores and interstices, limiting or impeding its nanostructuration. Finding a simple approach to obtain complex nanostructured materials with minimal post‐treatments remains a challenge. In this study, a new sintering method for gold nanoparticle inks that called as “click sintering” has been reported. The method uses a catalytic reaction to enhance and tune the nanostructuration of the film while sintering the metallic nanoparticles, without requiring any cumbersome post‐treatment. This results in a conductive and electroactive nanoporous thin film, whose properties can be tuned by the conditions of the reaction, i.e., concentration of the reagent and time. Therefore, this study presents a novel and innovative one‐step approach to simultaneously sinter gold nanoparticles films and create functional nanostructures, directly and easily, introducing a new concept of real‐time treatment with possible applications in the fields of flexible electronics, biosensing, energy, and catalysis.
Hydrogen Reactions with Dopants and Impurities in Solar Silicon from First Principles
Authors: Coutinho José , Gomes Diana , Torres Vitor J. B. , Fattah Tarek O. Abdul , Markevich Vladimir P. , Peaker Anthony R.
Published: November 2023

A theoretical account of some of the most likely hydrogen‐related reactions with impurities in n‐ and p‐type solar‐grade silicon is presented. These include reactions with dopants and carbon, which are relevant in the context of lifetime degradation of silicon solar cells, most notably of light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation of the cells. Among the problems addressed, a comparative study of acceptor‐enhanced dissociation of hydrogen molecules in B‐ and Ga‐doped material, their subsequent reaction steps toward formation of acceptor–hydrogen pairs, the proposal of mechanisms which explain the observed kinetics of photo‐/carrier‐induced dissociation of PH and CH pairs in n‐type Si, analysis of reactions involving direct interactions between molecules with P and C, and the assignment of several electron and hole traps with detailed atomistic‐ and wavefunction‐resolved models is highlighted.
Teacher Reflexivity for Problematizing Gendered Discourses in ELT in China: What Can Researcher‐Practitioner Collaboration Offer?
Authors: Xiong Tao , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2023

The topic of gender equality has attracted significant attention in the field of English language teaching and applied linguistics. While there has been much discussion about the representation of gender in the curriculum content and teacher talk, the epistemic cognitive processes underpinning transformative teaching practices have received relatively little attention. This study utilizes the 3R‐EC (reflection, reflexivity, and resolved action for epistemic cognition) framework for teacher reflexivity to explore the epistemic process that guides teachers' pedagogical decision making, beliefs, and practices when they engage in gender education. Using critical ethnography and conversational interviews, the current study shows how epistemic reflexivity as a useful conceptual tool unravels the intricacies of teacher learning and practice in problematizing gendered discourses, and how researcher‐practitioner collaboration (RPC) serves a catalyst for promoting teacher reflexivity. It argues for a holistic approach to teacher reflection and reflective practice in gender education and stresses the importance of transforming teachers into mindful professionals who are critically aware of the gender gap and gender ideologies. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of developing innovative pedagogies for gender inclusivity and diversity in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL).
RETRACTED: The role of PKP1 in tumor progression in melanoma: Analysis of a cell adhesion‐related model
Authors: Yue Chao , Lian Wenqin , Fan Zhongru , Li Haochen , Duan Mengying , Qin Lingshan , Cao Xianbin , Peng Jianzhong
Published: November 2023

The incidence rate of melanoma varies across regions, with Europe, the United States, and Australia having 10–25, 20–30, and 50–60 cases per 1 00 000 people. In China, patients with melanoma exhibit different clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and outcomes. Current treatments include surgery, adjuvant therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nonetheless, complications may arise during treatment. Melanoma development is heavily reliant on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and studying these molecules could provide new research directions for metastasis and progression. CAMs include the integrin, immunoglobulin, selectin, and cadherin families, and they affect multiple processes, such as maintenance, morphogenesis, and migration of adherens junction. In this study, a cell adhesion‐related risk prognostic signature was constructed using bioinformatics methods, and survival analysis was performed. Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) was observed to be crucial to the immune microenvironment and has significant effects on melanoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the cell cycle. This signature demonstrates high reliability and has potential for clinical applications.
Ecotoxic effect of agriculture and environmental important bioinoculant effective microorganism (EM) derived metabolites on microbial agro active agents
Authors: Namasivayam S. Karthick Raja , Lavanya M. , Sreesha  , Shyamsundar D.
Published: November 2023

Effective microorganism (EM) – a mixture of beneficial microbial formulation are extensively utilized worldwide in agriculture as plant growth promotor and biocontrol agent. Because of their wide spectrum usage, it is necessary to study the non‐target effect against the beneficial organisms used in crop production. Though, the wider applications of EM in agriculture and the environment have revealed, the environmental quality management of EM mainly metabolites‐ biochemical compounds derived from EM have yet to be studied. With this objective, the present study is undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of EM derived metabolites on the selected microbial biofertilizers, biocontrol agents including biopesticidal agents. Metabolites were extracted from the culture‐free broth of EM culture using various solvents and the extracted metabolites were characterized by the gas chromatography‐ mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS). The food poisoning technique was adapted for the screening of toxic effects. Toxic effect of the metabolites derived from the respective solvent was confirmed by measuring the growth of the respective microbial strain's vegetative growth and sporulation efficacy by dual plate assay, dual liquid assay, and spore germination microscopic slide assay. Active principles of the metabolites were readily extracted in all the solvents and the possible presence of bioactive metabolites were characterized by GC‐MS. There was no significant difference between the control and extract recorded. In the case of Rhizobium leguminosarum, the colony diameters of ethyl acetate and acetone extract were 1.6 and 1.8 cm, respectively, as in control (1.8 cm). Similar findings were also recorded for Azospirillum lipoferum, Phosphobacterium sp., and Pseudomonas flurescens. However, growth inhibition including spore germination was recorded in petroleum ether and acetone extract. Further study will be useful to exploit the principles of EM and EM derived metabolites in agriculture and environment without affecting non target beneficial organism.