bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Wool Fibres, their Preparation and Alkylation
Authors: Maclaren JA , Kilpatrick DJ , Kirkpatrick A
Published: July 2016

Wool has been reduced by tributylphosphine or by toluene-w-thiol under conditions such that the fibres remained intact. Further, this reduced wool was S -alkylated with retention of fibrous properties. The reduced fibres and reduced and alkylated fibres have been studied to determine the contribution of the disulphide groups to the physical properties of wool fibres, and in other structural studies. Protein can be extracted from the reduced and subsequently S-carboxymethylated fibres, and the extent of extraction is markedly dependent on the conditions used in the preceding alkylation step.
Leaf Growth and Development in the Young Tobacco Plant
Authors: V Hannam Rae
Published: July 2016

The growth of the vegetative shoot of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and the associated changes in dry weight of the whole plant and its major parts are described. By means of serial reconstruction, the volume changes of successive young leaf primordia are followed, and this information is integrated with the dry weight data for older leaves.
Failure of Sheep X Goat Hybrid Foetuses to Survive in Goats Treated With Sheep's Blood
Authors: Alexander G , Williams D
Published: July 2016

The survival of sheep X goat hybrid foetuses in goats was adversely affected by twice-weekly intramuscular injections of 15 ml of sheep's blood into the mother. This procedure had been reported by others to result in the birth of living hybrids. High titres of anti-sheep haemolysins appeared in the maternal serum soon after the injection of blood, and it is suggested that these antibodies hastened foetal death. The maintenance of a low level of passive immunity in the maternal goat by injection of antisera appeared to delay foetal death.
Acid Phosphatase Activity in the Digestive System of the Desert Locust Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal)
Authors: Ashrafi SNH , Qadri MAH
Published: July 2016

Acid phosphatase activity was determined biochemically in a homogenate of the digestive tract of the desert locust, S. gregaria. p-Nitrophenol was used as colorimetric standard and disodium p.nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate.
Volatile Fatty Acids Produced by A Sheep Fed Pure Cellulose as Sole Carbohydrate in its Diet
Authors: Weller RA , Gray FV , Pilgrim AF
Published: July 2016

The quantities of volatile fatty acids (VF A) formed from cellulose in the rumen, and their relation to the amount of cellulose digested, have not previously been determined in vivo. We have recently maintained a sheep on a diet of pure cellulose (500 g), gluten (50 g), and inorganic salts (6-20 g) for a period of several months, and have measured VFA production in the rumen along with the extent of digestion of the cellulose in the animal. A characteristic of the digestion was the formation of large proportions (34--42%) of propionic acid, in contrast to the proportions found in the rumen of sheep at pasture, or fed on dry roughages - where propionic acid, though variable, usually constitutes only about 20% of the total VFA. The findings are summarized in Table 1.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Cation Uptake in Beetroot Tissue by Cycloheximide and Cryptopleurine
Authors: Polya GM
Published: July 2016

The effects of cycloheximide and of cryptopleurine (two inhibitors of protein synthesis) on ion uptake and protein synthesis in beet disks are described
Effectiveness of Regular Cycles of Intermittent Artificial Selection for A Quantitative Character in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Rathie KA , Barker JSF
Published: July 2016

Regular cycles of intermittent mass selection have been compared with continuous mass selection at the same selection intensity for the quantitative trait of bristle number on one abdominal segment in a non-inbred strain of Drosophila melanogaster. All lines had 20 pairs of parents per generation. There were four replicates of each intermittent selection treatment, six of continuous selection at 20% selection intensity, and two at 10% selection intensity.
Studies in Depilation VII. Structural Changes in the Wool Follicle During Depilation With Acid and Enzyme Systems
Authors: Yates JR
Published: July 2016

Structural changes in the wool follicle during depilation with acetic acid, crystalline trypsin, and a commercial enzyme preparation, Pancrozyme C1A, are described. A number of the morphological changes produced by acetic acid and Pancrozyme C1A are similar. Both cause early separation of the epidermal and outer root sheath (ORS) structures from the underlying tissues, and the resistance to fibre withdrawal at this stage is due largely to the physical obstruction of the ORS material. In both cases the separated ORS assumes a tightly packed cylindrical form around the fibre and is gradually digested away until there is no longer any resistance to fibre removal. In both cases separation of the fibre ultimately occurs in the lower part of the prekeratinous zone just above the bulb.
Influence of Protein Digestion on Plasma Amino Acid Levels in Sheep
Authors: Hogan JP , Weston RH , Lindsay JR
Published: July 2016

A study was made of the effect of increased protein digestion in the intestines on the concentration of amino acids in the peripheral blood plasma. Plasma samples were analysed from three sheep offered a basal diet of wheaten hay either alone or supplemented during successive l4-day periods by the infusion per abomasum of 50, 100, and 150 g/day of calcium caseinate. In addition, plasma was analysed from five sheep fed diets of dried ryegrass (Lolium perenne X L. multiflorum) which provided 7-43 g/day of dietary nitrogen
Relation Between Low-Temperature Breakdown and the Volatiles Given off By Individual Apples
Authors: Wills RBH , Scott KJ
Published: July 2016

Low-temperature breakdown is a physiological disorder of apples which severely limits the storage life of susceptible varieties. Kidd and West (1927) considered the disorder to be caused by an alteration in metabolism of the fruit below a certain critical temperature rather than due to senescence.
The Effect of Reduction of The Disulphide Bond on the Fluorescence of High-Sulphur Wool Proteins
Authors: Bhatnagar GM , Gruen LC
Published: July 2016

Reduction of the disulphide bonds affects the fluorescence emission from many proteins; this change is generally correlated with a change in the protein conformation (Cowgill 1964, 1966; Stryer, Holmgren, and Reichard 1967). Cowgill (1967) has reported the quenching effect of disulphide and thiol groups on the tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence from model peptides when the quenching moiety is present in the same molecule as the chromophore. Similar observations have been made in this laboratory using a high-sulphur fraction extracted from wool protein.
Host Specificity In The Root Hair "Curling Factor" of Rhizobium Spp.
Authors: Y Yao Phaik , Vincent JM
Published: July 2016

Thirty-eight cultures of rhizobia and 10 non-rhizobia growing in the root zone of clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.), 5 rhizobia and 3 non-rhizobia in that of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and 8 rhizobia in that ofSiratro (Phaseolus atropurpureus DO.) revealed a specific relationship between bacteria and host that determined the kind and degree of deformation of the root hairs.
Induction of Nad-Specific Glutamate Dehydrogenase In Neurospora Crassa by Addition of Glutamate to The Media
Authors: Strickland WN
Published: July 2016

There are two glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH) produced by wild-type strains of N. cra88a, one of which is specific for the coenzyme NADP and the other for the coenzyme NAD. The latter enzyme (NAD-GDH) is induced if glutamate is used as the sole carbon and nitrogen source and is induced to a lesser extent if inorganic nitrogen is added. Addition of sucrose to the medium prevents uptake of glutamate and there is no induction of the enzyme.
Ethylene Production by Slices of Green Banana Fruit and Potato Tuber Tissue During The Development of Induced Respiration
Authors: Mcglasson WB
Published: July 2016

It is well known that injury and infection by disease organisms may stimulate ethylene production by plant tissues (Williamson 1950; Burg 1962; McGlasson and Pratt 1964). The increased ethylene production which results from injury in fruit tissues may hasten the onset of a respiratory climacteric. This response, which has been observed in slices cut from three-quarter-grown cantaloupe fruit, may herald the commencement of physiological changes leading to natural ripening (McGlasson and Pratt 1964). However, in underground storage tissues, stimulated ethylene production may be concerned with the mechanisms of wound healing (Stahmann, Clare, and Woodbury 1966; Imaseki, Uchiyama, and Uritani 1968). The phenomenon of induced respiration in tissue slices of bulky underground storage organs has been known for many years (Laties 1967) and more recently it has been found to occur in sections or slices of other plant parts (ap Rees 1966). Palmer and McGlasson (1969) observed a similar rise in slices of green banana fruit which they considered to be a form of "induced" respiration.
Effects of Temperature On Growth and Nutrient Uptake In Subterranean Clover During Recovery From Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Bouma D , Dowling EJ
Published: July 2016

During a pretreatment period of 18 days, subterranean clover plants (Trifolium subterraneum L., cv. Mt. Barker) were grown at a deficient and an optimum phos� phorus supply in three temperature regimes (27�C dayj22�C night, 21jI6�C, 15jlOOC). They were then transferred to full solutions (optimum phosphorus) and plants from each pretreatment grown for a further 7 days in each of the three temperature regimes.
Movement of Foliar-Applied 45ca in Brussels Sprouts
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC
Published: July 2016

45Ca remained virtually immobile when applied to the surface of the middle leaves of Brussels sprouts in doses containing extra non�radioactive calcium plus either water, citric acid, malic acid, diphenylamine, dimethylsulphoxide, or oxalic acid.
The Eleotroohemical State of Oells of Broad Bean Roots II. Potassium Kinetics in Excised Root Tissue
Authors: Allaghy CKP , Scott BIH
Published: July 2016

The electrochemical state of potassium in excised broad bean root tissue is described. Mature cortical cells predominated in the tissue segments used.
Accumulation and Translocation of Sorbitol in Apple Phloem
Authors: Bieleski RL
Published: July 2016

In intact apple plants, sorbitol, rather than sucrose, is the main carbohydrate involved in phloem transport. The behaviour of excised phloem, either freshly excised (fresh) or washed for 20 hr after excising (aged), towards sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol was studied. All three carbohydrates were accumulated rapidly, rates being higher when more concentrated solutions were supplied and when aged tissues were used. Both effects were more marked for sorbitol than for sucrose or glucose. When sucrose or glucose was accumulated by fresh or aged phloem, sucrose was the main product and no sorbitol was formed. When sorbitol was accumulated it was the main product, though in aged phloem sucrose was also formed. In comparison with sucrose sorbitol is readily accumulated from the more concentrated solutions, but is only slowly metabolized by phloem tissues. It is suggested that, in the intact plant, sorbitol, which is present in the leaf in high concentration, is preferentially accumu� lated into the phloem, but once there is metabolically rather inert and so is not altered until it reaches its destination. The tissue there, like aged phloem, can readily utilize sorbitol. Thus, sorbitol is well suited to translocation in apple.
Reproductive Performance and Body Weights of Mice Maintained for 12 Generations at 34°C
Authors: R Pennycuik Pamela
Published: July 2016

The reproductive performance and body weights of mice exposed to 34�C for 12 generations were compared with those of mice maintained at 21�C over the same period.
Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum L. XIII. the Role of Gibberellins
Authors: Evans LT
Published: July 2016

Both stem growth and flowering in plants exposed to 1 long day showed an increasing response to gibberellins with increase in the concentration of the injected solution, up to 12 X 10-4M. With plants in short days both responses were asymptotic or showed an optimum at 4 X 1O-4M, depending on the light intensity.
The Mechanism of Pathogenicity of Sirex Noctilio on Pinus Radiata I. Effects of the Symbiotic Fungus Amylostereum Sp. (Thelophoraceae)
Authors: Coutts MP
Published: July 2016

Effects on P. radiata of the fungus, Amylostereum sp., which is injected into the sapwood of the stem by S. noctilio, are described. The fungus causes the sapwood to dry out in advance of the mycelium, and tests were made to find whether it kills the tree by restricting sap flow to the crown, or by producing toxins. No systemic toxic effects could be attributed to the fungus, which appeared to act by restricting sap supply, but rapidly developing systemic effects were observed after experimental S. noctilio attack, implying that a secretion of the insect was involved in pathoge~icity.
An Experimental Approach to the Study of Multiple Peak Epistasis in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Nassar RF
Published: July 2016

In an attempt to demonstrate an existence of multiple peak epistasis in scutellar bristles of D. melanogaster, mass selection on total number of scutellar bristles was practised in 1 large and 10 small lines in each of three crosses, Fl and two backcrosses, between the two unrelated isogenic lines, Oregon-R and Sevelen.
Quantitative Changes in Mouse Liver Ultrastructure Following Cortisone and Insulin Administration
Authors: J Bmchmeier Pamela
Published: July 2016

Linear analysis of whole cell montages provided the basis for determining the following in mouse liver parenchymal cells: the cytoplasmic volume fraction of mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid, glycogen, and cytoplasmic matrix; the membrane profile concentration; and mitochondrial number and dimensions (including a shape coefficient). Included are a number of studies of the validity of the methods used, some new statistical considerations, and a new, more objective method of determining mitochondrial shape.
Studies of the Suitability of Preparations of Ewe and Oow Milk for Storing Ram Spermatozoa at 37, 5, and ?79°0
Authors: Jones RC
Published: July 2016

Ram semen was diluted in skim ewe or cow milk, and in preparations of the non-dialysable components of these resuspended in various synthetic diluents, and was then stored at 37, 5, or -79�C. There was little difference in the protective action of preparations from these two sources. The toxicity of fresh skim milk was reduced by heating at 92�C for 10 min, by the addition of 0�5 mg/ml of cysteine hydrochloride, or by the processes involved in dialysis and lyophilization of the milk solids. However, heat denatured the ewe milk more than the cow milk. The best method of preparing diluents from fresh skim milk was to add 0�5 mg/ml cysteine hydrochloride and then to heat. To remove the toxic factor in fresh cow milk, either heating or addition of cysteine was as effective as, or better than, a combination of both treatments. In the range 0�38-3�00% w/v, the optimum concentration of lyophilized, non-dialysable skim milk preparations added to synthetic diluents depended on their source (i.e. ewe or cow milk), the heat treatment before dialysis, and the measure of response.
Heterogeneity in a High-Sulphur Protein from Wool
Authors: Frater R
Published: July 2016

In a previous paper (Frater 1968) a study was made of the immunological properties of a protein mixture isolated from reduced and carboxymethylated wool (SCMK). In addition, the heterogeneity of a low-sulphur component isolated from SCMK was demonstrated.
A Comparison of the Effects of Cycocel and Tipping on Fruit Set in Vitis Vinifera L
Authors: Skene KGM
Published: July 2016

Rooted cuttings of V. vinifet'a cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were grown in nutrient culture solutions. When Cycocel [(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chlorideJ was added to the nutrient solutions, plants retained 40% of their berries. Plants from which the shoot tip was removed at anthesis, either with or without Cycocel treat-ment, showed similar fruit set. Control plants retained only 20% of their berries. Percentage fruit set was inversely related to the rate of shoot elongation during the week following anthcsis. The results suggest that treatment with Cycocel and tipping increase fruit set by reducing competition between the developing leaves and ovaries for available metabolites.
Haemoglobins of the Adult Domestic Fowl Gallus Domesticus
Authors: Moss BA , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

The haemoglobins of the adult domestic fowl were resolved by cation-exchange chromatography into two distinct components (designated Hb I and Hb II) in a ratio about 3 : 1. A third minor acidic component, Hb III, representing only 1 % of the total was also present. Hb I and Hb II and each of their globin subunits (0:1, pI; o:II, PII) were subjected to amino acid analysis. As reported by other workers, Hb II was found to have more of the dicarboxylic amino acids and less of the dibasic amino acids than Hb 1.
Genetic Analyses of Two Abdominal Bristle Selection Lines
Authors: Frankham R
Published: July 2016

Chromosome substitution was done among two increased abdominal bristle selection lines representing high and moderate levels of response [designated 20( 10%)a and 1O(10%)c respectively] and their base population. The resulting stocks were measured in four environments. This made it possible to obtain a minimum inter-pretation of intrachromosomal differences by using the physiological ploy of separating effects by demonstrating an interaction with environmental treatments.
Relationship Between Resistance to Boophilus Microplus, Nutritional Status, and Blood Composition in Shorthorn X Hereford Cattle
Authors: Cc O'kelly J , Seifert GW
Published: July 2016

Relationships between nutrition, blood composition, and tick resistance were studied in three groups of six yearling Shorthorn X Hereford steers. Feeding was ad libitum and group I was offered lucerne hay and safflower seeds, group II lucerne hay only, and group III wheat straw supplemented with molasses. All animals were infested five times with 0�5 g tick larvae during the treatment period of 62 days.
Freezing Ram Spermatozoa by the Pellet Method. III. the Effects of Pellet Volume, Composition of the Thawing Solution, and Reconcentration of the Thawed Semen on Survival of Spermatozoa
Authors: Salamon S , Lightfoot RJ
Published: July 2016

Five factorial experiments were conducted to examine the effects of pellet volume, composition of the thawing solution, and reconcentration of the thawed semen on the survival of ram spermatozoa after deep.freezing by the pellet method.
P-Protein-Producing Cells of the Primary Root of Vicia Faba
Authors: Zee SY
Published: July 2016

Newcomb (1967) reported the occurrence of P-protein in the differentiating pro cambial cells which border the protophloem elements in the main and lateral roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Similar cells, found in the primary roots of seedlings of V icia faba, are described here.
The Effects of the Dipyridyl Diquat on the Metabolism of Chlorella Vulgaris
Authors: Stokes DM , Turner JS , Markus KatAlin
Published: July 2016

The effects of diquat, in the light, on chlorophyll bleaching and the fine
structure of the cells of O. vUlgaris (211-11h) have been studied. Diquat causes
bleaching of chlorophyll when the cells are illuminated in water or phosphate or
bicarbonate buffer. Using cultures of uniform cell size it is shown that diquat
causes considerable damage to cell membranes in less than 10 hr of illumination,
but that inhibition of both photosynthesis and respiration precede any damage
to the plastids visible under the electron microscope.
A Suberized Layer in the Cell Walls of the Bundle Sheath of Grasses
Authors: O'brien TP , Carr DJ
Published: July 2016

Suberized lamellae occur in all walls of the cells of the mestome sheath of
wheat and oat leaves. These lamellae are perforated by plasmodesmata at all pit
fields that they share with living cells. In maize, the walls of the parenchyma
sheath ("starch sheath") contain similar suberized lamellae. The significance of
these observations for solute and water exchange between the mesophyll and the
bundle is discussed.
An Assessment of Infrared Spectra as Indicators of Fungal Cell Wall Composition
Authors: JMichell A , Sourfield G
Published: July 2016

Infrared spectroscopy is assessed as a technique for identifying polymers
derived from fungal cell walls, both as isolated materials and in mixtures with one
another. The technique is then applied to a study of the composition of fungal cell
walls and the conclusion reached that infrared spectra provide a rapid and valuable
indication of the major components of such walls. They can also be used to follow
the effect of chemical treatments designed to separate major wall components.
The Metabolism of Carbaryl in the Cattle Tick Boophilus Mioroplus (Canestrini)
Authors: Bend JR , Holder GM , Protos Eva , Ryan AJ
Published: July 2016

The metabolism of carbaryl has been studied in the engorged adult female
cattle tick, B. microplus using 14C�labelled compounds. Forty-eight hours after
injection of [carbonyl-14C]carbaryl only 6% of the radioactivity could be recovered
in an aqueous acetone extract while 90% was recoverable after an equivalent
injection of [1-14C]carbaryl. Hydrolysis of the carbamate ester, hydroxylation, and
conjugation were the major metabolic pathways. The radioactivity of the extract was
completely accounted for as I-naphthol (55%) and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (45%)
after acid hydrolysis. 1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene appears to be absent. Evidence
was also obtained for some hydroxylation of the N-methyl group. No unchanged
carbaryl could be detected.
Metabolism of Rabbit Endometrium Following The Administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin and During Oestrus, Pseudopregnancy, and Pregnancy
Authors: Murdoch RN , O'shea T
Published: July 2016

Changes in endometrial metabolism which occur after the intravenous injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin and during pregnancy (day 9) and pseudo� pregnancy (day 9) in the rabbit have been measured. During in vitro incubation, the endometrium at all stages studied produced more isotopically labelled carbon dioxide from [1_14C]glucose than from [6-14C]glucose.
The Influence of Abomasal Supplements of Some Amino Acids and Sulphur-Containing Compounds on Wool Growth Rate
Authors: Reis PJ
Published: July 2016

Effects on wool growth rate of abomasal supplements of several amino acids (glycine, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, and threonine) and of some sulphurcontaining compounds (L-cysteamine, sulphuric acid, and methionine hydroxy analogue) were examined. None of the abomasal supplements, apart from methionine hydroxy analogue, was effective for stimulating wool growth. Methionine hydroxy analogue did not influence wool growth rate when given as a dietary supplement.
The Development in Time of Stress Effects in Two Species of Glycine Differing in Sensitivity to Salt
Authors: Wilson JR , Haydock KP , Robins MF
Published: July 2016

For two Glycine species (wightiit and tomentella) varying in sensitivity to salt the development of stress over a range of salinities was traced through changes in growth, water content, and chemical composition of tissues of different type and age.
Acceleration and Delay of Ripening in Banana Fruit Tissue by Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Vendrell M
Published: July 2016

Dipping of whole banana fruit in aqueous solutions of gibberellic acid (GAs) at concentrations of 10-L 10-2M delays ripening. In contrast, treatment of banana fruit slices by vacuum infiltration with GA3 at concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 10-2M accelerates ripening. These contrasting effects appear to be related to the differences in distribution of GA3 in the tissue, resulting from the two methods of treatment.
The Serological Properties of Eutypa Armeniacae Mycelium and Ascospores
Authors: Francki RIB , Carter MV
Published: July 2016

In epidemiological studies of the apricot vascular pathogen Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter in this laboratory (Moller and Carter 1965; Carter and Moller 1967) some diagnostic problems have been encountered. The pathogen is sufficiently variable in culture to be confused with other Ascomycetes, such as species of Valsa and Cryptovalsa which may colonize dead vascular tissue below pruning wounds which have been invaded by E. armeniacae. It is also difficult to differentiate E. armeniacae ascospores from those of related Ascomycetes caught in spore traps during wet weather.
Avian Hypophyseal Stimulation and Spermatogenesis
Authors: Van Krey HP , Siegel PB , Beane WL
Published: July 2016

The advent of a satisfactory method for semen collection (Burrows and Quinn 1937) has enabled artificial insemination to become of increasing economic importance to the poultry industry. It is now widely employed for improving fertility in turkey flocks and, to a lesser extent, in chicken flocks.
The Pattern of Grain Growth within the Ear of Wheat
Authors: Rawson HM , Evans LT
Published: July 2016

In main ears of Triple Dirk wheat plants grown at a temperature of 21/16�C under natural daylight, grains in the second florets of the central spikelets maintained the highest growth rates (1� 66 mg/grain/day), those in the first florets of the basal spikelets the lowest rates.
The Molecular Weights of Two Reduced and Carboxy-Methylated Keratins by Disk Gel Electrophoresis and a Comparison of Two Methods of Analysing the Results
Authors: Jeffrey PD
Published: July 2016

Two methods of treating the results of disk electrophoresis experiments with p�oteins on gels of different porosities so as to estimate molecular weights are discussed. It is concluded that the method based on the slopes of the logarithm of relative mobility versus gel concentration plots (Hedrick and Smith 1968) is equivalent to that of Parish and Marchalonis (1970) but is simpler.
Studies on Reported a-Lipoic Acid Inhibitions
Authors: Bottrill DE , Wiskich JT
Published: July 2016

Pure lipoic acid was found to be without effect on the electron-transport systems of beef heart mitochondria, cauliflower bud mitochondria, and beetroot mitochondria. The activity of purified malate and lactate dehydrogenases was also unaffected.
Studies of the Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by Washed Ram Spermatozoa
Authors: O'shea T , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

Fixation of carbon dioxide by ram spermatozoa was studied by incubating washed cells with NaH14C03? More fixation of carbon dioxide occurred as the substrate concentration was increased, and was very low in the absence of added substrate. Less incorporation occurred with acetate than with pyruvate or lactate. A marked increase in fixation was seen when ketoglutarate or malate replaced portion of the lactate in the medium, but not when other tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were substituted. Fixation of carbon dioxide was higher when ketoglutarate plus malate rather than when either substrate alone partially replaced lactate.
Metabolic Effects of Catecholamines in Sheep
Authors: Bassett JM
Published: July 2016

Intravenous infusion of 1� 5 mg adrenaline over 30 min into adult Merino wethers (50 kg body weight), increased glucose, lactate, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in plasma much more than did a single rapid intravenous injection of the same amount. There was no increase in plasma insulin concentration during adrenaline infusion or after adrenaline injection.
The Effect of Feeding and Salivation on Acid-Base Status in Carotid and Jugular Blood in Sheep
Authors: Billitzer AW , Jarrett IG
Published: July 2016

The Astrup procedure has been used to assess the acid-base status of sheep blood by determination of base excess in carotid arterial and jugular venous samples.
The Inhibition of Flowering by Water Stress
Authors: Aspinall D , Husain I
Published: July 2016

Plants of Lolium temulentum L., a single.cycle, long.day plant, and Pharbitis nil Ohois. cv. Violet, a single�cycle, short-day plant, were subjected to osmotic stress during the inductive cycle. An osmotic potential of-IS atm (using poly. ethylene glycol, mol. wt. 4000) during the 24�hr exposure to light completely prevented flowering in L. temulentum. Similarly, -6 atm osmotic potential during the 16-hr dark cycle suppressed flowering in P. nil. Water stress during induction, achieved by withholding water to soil-grown plants, also prevented flower induction in Xanthium strumarium L.
Metabolic Fate of Parenterally Administered Sulphur-Containing Amino Acids in Sheep and Effects on Growth and Composition of Wool
Authors: Murdoch RN
Published: July 2016

Intravenous or intraperitoneal infusions of either L-cysteine (2, 0 gjday) or L-methionine (2�5 gjday) for 20 days increased wool diameter and its length growth rate, the main increases occurring during the first 8 days of infusion. Thus parenteral administration of these amino acids is effective in stimulating wool growth.
Uterine Endometrial Phosphomonoesterases in Relation to Implantation in the Ewe and Rabbit Doe
Authors: Chambers SC
Published: July 2016

The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the uterine endometrium of the ewe and rabbit doe were studied during the oestrous cycle and pseudopregnancy and in relation to the implanting conceptus.
Permeability, Sugar Accumulation, and Respiration Rate in Ripening Banana Fruits
Authors: Brady CJ , O'connell PBH , Smydzuk J , Wade NL
Published: July 2016

The permeability of pulp tissue of banana fruits and aseptically prepared transverse slices of bananas increases before the respiratory climacteric begins. The permeability change may be measured as leakage of amino acids from pulp tissue, and is not dependent on the soluble carbohydrate content of pulp cells. During the climacteric, amino acid leakage into water increases further.
The Effects of Glucagon on Plasma Concentrations of Insulin. Growth Hormone, Glucose and Free Fatty Acids in Sheep: Comparison with the Effects of Catecholamines
Authors: Bassett JM
Published: July 2016

Glucagon, adrenaline, and isoprenaline were administered to adult sheep by intravenous infusion at a rate of 5 p.g/min for 2 hr.
Some Biochemical and Kinetic Properties of Sheep Uterine Endometrial Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Murdoch RN
Published: July 2016

Sheep uterine endometrial alkaline phosphatase in a purified state displayed optimal activity at pH 10�5. At pH 9� 0 activity increased with decreasing substrate concentration.
Aleurone Transfer Cells and other Structural Features of the Spikelet of Millet
Authors: Zee S-Y , O'brien TP
Published: July 2016

In recent publications we have described the distribution and structure of vascular transfer cells in the floral axes of wheat (Zee and O'Brien 1971) and the presence of a xylem discontinuity composed of modified tracheary elements at the base of the peri carp (Zee and O'Brien 1970a). We have also examined the structure of the pigment strand during grain formation (Zee and O'Brien 1970b). In order to find out if these structures are present in the florets of a non-festucoid grass we have examined a member of the Paniceae, Japanese millet (Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno).
Maintenanance of Viability of Carrot Tissue Slices in Washing Solutions After Cutting
Authors: Wildes RA , Neales TF
Published: July 2016

In studies of the characteristics of the uptake of boric acid by plant tissues (Wildes and Neales, unpublished data) we used disks cut from carrot roots. Bacon, MacDonald, and Knight (1965) have emphasized the necessity of using storage tissue free of bacteria for such physiological studies. In the course of our experiments we therefore investigated the extent of bacterial contamination in carrot disks immediately after cutting, and also examined the effects of chloramphenicol and calcium chloride in the washing solution on the extent of the development of bacterial contamination in the disks. We also made measurements of various properties that gave evidence of their normal biological activity. The loss of this activity, in our experience, was characterized by a final loss of turgor, browning of both tissue and washing solutions, and a failure to respond in respiration rate to both the addition of salts and 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Breed and Species Differences in the Hair Proteins of Four Genera of Caprini
Authors: Darskus RL , Gillespie JM
Published: July 2016

A study has been made of the high-sulphur protein components of wools from goats and a variety of sheep using electrophoresis in starch gels at pH 2�4 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 4�5 as methods for characterization. The high-sulphur proteins prepared from ovine wools, from domestic (10 breeds and strains), feral (Soay and Shetland), or wild (Bighorn, O. canadensis; Mouflon, O. mU8'imon) sheep are very heterogeneous. Of the two methods gel electrophoresis gives the better resolution with a characteristic pattern in which upwards of 20 components can be seen and 12 are sufficiently well separated to be readily identifiable. This pattern is unaffected by the diet or by the age of the sheep (up to 5 yr) and would seem to be characteristic for ovine wools. One or other of two of these bands may be missing from the wool of some individuals, particularly of wild sheep.
Water-Soluble Metabolites of Carbaryl (I-Naphthyl N-Methylcarbamate) in Mouse Liver Preparations and in the Rat
Authors: Bend JR , Holder GM , Protos E , Ryan AJ
Published: July 2016

The biliary and urinary metabolites of carbaryl, I-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, were examined in the rat using 1-[1-14C]naphthyl N-methylcarbamate and I-naphthyl N-methyl-[14C]carbamate. Metabolites formed by incubation of 1-[14C]naphthyl N-methylcarbamate with supernatant from the centrifugation at 10,000 g of mouse liver homogenate were also examined. In each case substantial amounts of water�soluble materials present were identified as thioether amino acid conjugates. After acid treatment these conjugates had chromatographic properties consistent with their identification as S-(4-hydroxy-l-naphthyl)cysteine and S-(5-hydroxy-l-naphthyl)cysteine. Quantitative determination allowed assignment of up to 55, 15, and 24% of the metabolites in bile, urine, and liver preparations respectively as compounds affording the cysteines on acid treatment. Some acid-labile conjugates of urine and bile were estimated indirectly by reverse isotope-dilution analyses.
Effects of Potassium Plus Magnesium and of Aeroblc or Anaerobic Conditions on the Metabolites Produced From Fructose by Washed Ram and Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: O'shea T
Published: July 2016

The main metabolites from fructose were carbon dioxide, lactate, and acetate. Generally the effects of the addition of potassium (1 mM) plus magnesium (2 roM) were greater with 1 x 108 ram spermatozoa per millilitre than with 4 X 108 cells per millilitre
Studies on Marsupial Proteins V. Amino Acid Sequence of the ?-Chain of Haemoglobin From the Grey Kangaroo, Macropus Giganteus
Authors: Beard JM , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

Ribulose-l,5-diphosphate carboxylase (fraction I protein) from spinach beet has been separated into its subunits after maleylation of the S-carboxymethyl derivative and gel filtration using only aqueous buffers
The Vascular Tissue of the Lodicules of Wheat
Authors: Zee S-Y , O'brien TP
Published: July 2016

Lipids in thoracic duct and intestinal lymph from young calves fed whole milk or replacement milk were analysed. Lymph triglyceride contained Cs and longer fatty acids with an average molecular weight of 260. The major components were 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18 : 0, and 18 : 1, with small amounts of branched� chain and odd carbonnumber fatty acids. ClO fatty acid from milk lipid was apparently absorbed entirely into lymph. The composition of lymph triglyceride closely reflected that of the diet and showed no diurnal variation when the calves were fed once daily. Triglyceride from blood plasma resembled that from lymph except for higher proportions of 18 : 2 and 18 : 3.
Compounds of Low Molecular Weight in Washed Wheat Gluten
Authors: Gallus HPC , Jenning AC
Published: July 2016

Penetration of Ophiobolus graminis (Sacc.) through the root cell walls of young wheat seedlings mayor may not result in the formation of lignitubers (Fellows 1928). Lignitubers are developed by the host cell on the iIUler side of the wall of the cells entered. In successful cell-wall penetration each infection hypha passes through the peg, becoming constricted in so doing. The root cortex is colonized, then the endodermis is penetrated, and the vascular tissue colonized. Lignitubers may still be formed in the deeper cortex and xylem tissue but following massive infection cell walls are disintegrated and the hypha penetrates the cells directly (Fellows 1928; Ludtke 1931).
Changes in Germination Promotion and Inhibition in Seed Extracts of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) Related to Dormancy and Germination
Authors: Walker MG
Published: July 2016

Seeds of two varieties of T. BUbterraneum were extracted after imbibing water for various periods. The extracts were partitioned into water and ethyl acetate, purified by paper chromatography, and germination.modifying activity measured by a subterranean clover seed bioassay. As imbibition proceeded, the balance of germination inhibitors and promo tors in the aqueous fraction remained fairly constant in the dormant variety, but changed "rapidly in the non-dormant variety. The activity in the ethyl acetate fractions of both varieties also changed rapidly, but for the dormant variety the final balance was inhibitory, and in the non-dormant variety promotory.
Bacteria and Actinomycetes Antogonistic to Fungal Root Pathogens in Australian Soils
Authors: Broadbent Patricia , Baker KF , Waterworth Yvonne
Published: July 2016

Techniques are described which make possible the large.scale isolation and
screening of potential antagonists to fungal root pathogens. Sixty selected soils
from five States have been sampled. Of more than 3500 isolates tested, about 40%
inhibited one or more of nine pathogens on agar, and about 4% were effective in
soil; a lower percentage might be effective under commercial conditions. Such
large. scale methods are essential to success.
Variation in Infrared Reflectance of Eucalyptus Radiata Dc.
Authors: Story R , Yapp GA
Published: July 2016

Various workers have reported that green plants which are diseased or in
need of water have a lower infrared reflectance and consequently a blue image on false
colour film. The infrared reflectance of E. radiata leaves rises as they become dry, and
produces no blueness of the false colour image. It is suggested that blue images of
E. radiata recorded in the field are due to lower reflectance of the infrared wavelengths
by flowers. Water stress is not likely to be detected on false colour film until
the plants are visibly affected.
The Uterus of the Ewe I. Secretion From the Cannulated Uterus
Authors: Wales RG , Restall BJ
Published: July 2016

Three methods of cannulating the uterus of the ewe are described and the
patterns of secretion collected from the cannulated uteri are presented.
Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History
Authors: Ludlow MM , Wilson GL
Published: July 2016

Grasses and legumes were grown at two temperatures in controlled-environment
rooms and at three illuminances (obtained by shading) in a glasshouse. Carbon
dioxide and water vapour exchange of leaves were measured in an open gas analysis
system.
Inhibition by Plant Growth Retardants of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Slices of Rat Liver and Hepatoma
Authors: Paleg L , Sabine JR
Published: July 2016

The plant growth retardant Phosfon inhibits cholesterol formation by cell�free
preparations of normal liver and the Morris hepatomas 5123C, 7794A, and 9618A.
In addition, both Phosfon and Amo 1618 arc active in inhibiting cholesterol synthesis
from acetate and mevalonate in slices of host liver and the hepatomas. Fatty acid
synthesis from acetate was also reduced in the presence of the retardants.
A Study of Australian Arboviruses Resembling Bluetongue Virus
Authors: Schagl RD , Holmes IH
Published: July 2016

Five Australian arboviruses, D'Aguilar, Eubenangee, Corriparta, and two as
yet unnamed isolates Ch9935 and MRMI0434 were studied by thin-section and
negative-contrast electron microscopy and were found to be very similar in both
morphology and morphogenesis. In thin section they had an extremely electrondense
core surrounded by a less dense capsid. All developed in association with a
fibrillogranular intracytoplasmic matrix and to varying degrees were released as
either enveloped or unenveloped particles from the infected cell. The diameters of
enveloped and non-enveloped particles were 100-104 and 66-67 nm respectively.
Negatively stained particles exhibited a surface capsomer structure.
Differentiation in Species of Allomyces: The Production of Sporangia
Authors: Youatt Jean , Fleming R , Jobling B
Published: July 2016

Conditions have been defined for the production of sporangia by vegetative
plants of Allomyces species. Diploid plants produced zoosporangia and released
spores in 3-4 hr at 32�C. Haploid plants produced sexual spores in a similar period.
The chief factor controlling differentiation to produce sporangia was the supply of
amino acids. Amino acid deficiency induced sporogenesis but individual amino acids
varied in their efficiency in delaying differentiation and ammonium salts were
ineffective. The process of sporangium production required adequate aeration and
plants had previously to have been cultivated with adequate thiamine and glucose
or to have these nutrients supplied.
Biosynthesis of Inositol by Inositol-Less Mutants of Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Williams SG
Published: July 2016

Six inositol-less mutants of N. crassa were grown for 5 days on minimal
medium containing [U-14C]-D-glucose and myo-inositol (1-5I-'gjml). It was shown
by a combination of electrophoresis, paper chromatography, and gas-liquid
chromatography that in all cases a derivative of [14C]-myo-inositol which behaves
as an inositol monophosphate ester was present in the mycelium.
Effect of Oestradiol-3,17ß Dipropionate on Spermatogenesis and Lysosomal Enzymes in the Rat Tests
Authors: Elkington JSH , Blackshaw AW
Published: July 2016

Daily intramuscular injections (20 f-Lgjday) of oestradiol-3, 17,8 dipropionate
in adult male rats depressed body growth and reduced the weight of the testes and
seminal vesicles between 4 and 8 days of treatment.
Ultrastructure and Differentiation of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum IV. Conjugation of Gametes and the Development of Zygospores and Azygospores
Authors: Marchant HJ , Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

In H. reticulatum, gametes differed from other zooids principally in that some of them bore an electron�dense apical cap between their flagella. Conjugation did not take place until the walls of the coenobia, in which the gametes developed, ruptured; and often did not occur even among the liberated gametes. Only in zooids collected from cultures in which conjugation was evident were these apical caps extended as fertilization tubules. Fertilization took place by the fusion of the tip of this tubule on one gamete with the membrane between the flagella of another which apparently lacked a fertilization tubule. Subsequent lateral fusion of the united zooids produced quadriflagellate zygotes which were active for only a short time before flagellar retrac� tion and cell wall deposition. Karyogamy usually preceded wall secretion. Gametes failing to conjugate often laid down a wall to form azygotes.
Changes in Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in the Uterus and Oviduct of the Rabbit Doe During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Murdoch RN
Published: July 2016

Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the uterine endometrium of the rabbit doe were studied in relation to the implanting conceptus. The behaviour of these enzymes in the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct during early pseudopregnancy and pregnancy was also examined.
Localization of Thallium in Stomata is Independent of Transpiration
Authors: Pallaghy CK
Published: July 2016

The specific locations of the evaporating surfaces in the leaf are not yet known. However, Maercker (1965) repeated successfully the early experiments of Stahl (1894) and concluded from her evidence that the cuticular component oftranspiration could be further divided into "cuticular" and "peristomatal" transpiration, where the latter term refers to transpiration from the surfaces of the guard cells and their subsidiary cells. Peristomatal transpiration has been the subject of considerable recent interest (e.g. Lange et al. 1971).
Conductive Capacities of Veins in Expanding Leaves of Quercus
Authors: Parkhurst DF
Published: July 2016

This paper considers the conductive capacity of vascular tissue in plant leaves. The present work is modelled after experiments by Wylie (1938) and Plymale and Wylie (1944), who cut away various portions of vascular tissue from mature leaves of several woody species growing on the University of Iowa campus. The cuts usually included midribs or other major veins. In spite of such seemingly drastic damage, the tissue distal to the cuts usually survived (especially in the genus Quercus, which pro-vided most of the material used in the present work).
The Possible use of Alternating Temperatures for the Reduction of Viruses in Plant Tissue
Authors: Bald JG
Published: July 2016

The many successes of heat as a cure for plant virus diseases (Nyland and Goheen 1969) have obscured a lack of information on the principles of heat therapy (Kassanis 1957). The use of low temperatures as a therapeutic measure (Selsky and Black 1962) has had little attention, and the apparent failure of alternating tempera-tures to reduce virus infections has limited another approach to heat therapy. Recent experiments with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and other viruses have shown the possible usefulness of alternating extremes of diurnal temperature, and have re-emphasized the need for more theoretical information on the reactions of virus-infected plant tissues to various temperature regimes.
Fertilization of Sheep Ova Following Mechanical Penetration of the Zona Pellucida
Authors: Moore NW
Published: July 2016

Many spermatozoa may become attached to the zona pellucida of the ovine ovum, but rarely does more than one penetrate the zona. Thus, polyspermy is uncommon, apart from when "aged" eggs (i.e. eggs more than 36 hr old after ovula-tion) are exposed to sperm (Killeen 1969). In most species polyspermy is fatal (Beatty 1957) and in the ewe polyspermic ova do not appear to develop beyond the formation of pronuclei (I. D. Killeen and N. W. Moore, unpublished data). The block to penetra-tion of the zona by more than one sperm-the zona reaction-must occur rapidly, but little is known of the mechanisms involved. In this experiment micromanipula-tion techniques were used to study the response of the zona to mechanical penetration and to examine the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa placed directly within the perivitelline space.
Effects of Intercellular Resistances on Estimates of the Intracellular Resistance to Co2 Uptake by Plant Leaves
Authors: Jones HG , Slatyer RO
Published: July 2016

A model is presented for net CO2 uptake by plant leaves, which is particularly relevant to those leaves having different upper and lower stomatal resistances. The model includes intercellular space resistances to CO2 uptake via both the upper and lower surfaces. Experimental data obtained with Pelargonium hortorum Bailey show that the ratio of the rates of C02 exchange through the lower and upper surfaces respectively is in all cases greater than the ratio of the corresponding rates of water vapour exchange. This provides evidence for a substantial vapour phase resistance to C02 uptake via the upper epidermis, which is not accounted for by the usual water vapour analogue. The data also suggest that calculations of intracellular resistance r'i, using conventional resistance models, may be subject to error. How-ever, the magnitude of the error in estimates of the intracellular resistance is seldom likely to exceed 10%, so that for most purposes changes in the conventional models do not appear to be warranted.