bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATUS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES RESEARCHES IN IRAN
Authors:   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98-911-1700817, E-mail: jkb@um.ac.ir, Karimi Javad , Safari Tahmineh ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98-911-1700817, E-mail: jkb@um.ac.ir, Kharazi Pakdel Aziz ,   Department of Plant Protection ,Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources ,University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are excellent candidates for biological control of insect pests. Attributes making the nematodes as ideal biological include their broad host range, high virulence, safety for nontarget organisms and high efficacy in favourable habitat. Identification and characterization of EPNs in Iran was started since 2000. Several species of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis were isolated. Species from Steinernema are Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema monticolum and Steinernema bicornutum. From Heterorhabditis genus, only Heterorhabditis bacteriophora has been identified so far. Based on few studies, phylogenetic position of native EPNs species/isolates was investigated. In addition to EPNs, their symbiotic bacteria are identified and characterizied. In laboratory, infectivity of several isolates of EPNs assayed against different soil inhabiting pests. This accompanied by field evaluation of few numbers. Many indigenous EPNs were used in laboratory and field trials to evaluate their potential in control some economically important insect pests of crop, fruit and forest trees. Those insect hosts were Polyphylla olivieri (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera :Pyralidae). Increasing information about EPNs potential will provide suitable biopesticides for using pest management programs.
DISTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE PARTHENIUM WEED INFESTED SOIL OF TAMIL NADU
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture & Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603, U.T. of Puducherry, India, Jeyalakshmi C , Valluvaparidasan V ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Survey conducted to assess the distribution of soil microorganisms in the Parthenium infested soils of Tamil Nadu revealed that the Parthenium infested soil harboured 13 microorganisms that included Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Chaetomium globosum, Corynespora cassicola, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia sp., Eurotium chavelari, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Monilia sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichoderma harzianum. Among this, A. niger and R. stolonifer were found to be present throughout Tamil Nadu. Both A. flavus and T. harzianum ranked next with an equal distribution of 78.57 per cent. Monilia sp. and C. cassicola represented poor percentage distribution (17.86%) in Tamil Nadu.
HOST PLANT RESISTANCE IN COTTON ACCESSIONS TO THE LEAFHOPPER, AMRASCA DEVASTANS (DISTANT)
Authors:   Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Srivilliputtur - 626 125. Tamil Nadu, India., Murugesan N , Kavitha A ,   Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Srivilliputtur - 626 125. Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In the recent years, incidence of the leafhopper, Amrasca devastans (Distant) in cotton has been prevalent from vegetative to reproductive phase of crop growth. The loss in seed cotton yield due to leaf hopper is accounted to 390 kg ha-1 and 330 kg ha-1. In India 45 per cent of the pesticides are applied to cotton. Hence, development of a resistant / tolerant cultivar is the need of the hour to to reduce three ‘ R ’ viz., Resistance, Resurgence and Residues in biota. Screening of twenty six cotton accessions against the leafhopper, A. devastans (Distant) was carried out by following ICCC grades. The susceptiblity of cotton entries varied significantly. Based on the resistance index the entries were grouped under five categories as, Highly resistant- KC 2, SVPR 2; Resistant-TKH 1128: Intermediate- MCU 5, MCU 10, NISD 2, TKH 1143,TKH 1175: Susceptible- TKH 1789, TKH 1173, TKH 1174, TKH 1178, TKH 1179, TKH 1185, TKH 1186, TKH 1209, TKH 1225, TKH 1233 and Highly susceptible- ICMF 20, LRA 5166, TKH 1133, TKH 1172, TKH 1176, TKH 1182, TKH 1197, TKH 1198. Studies on the mechanism of resistance revealed that leafhoppers discriminated cotton entries for orientation and settling and feeding. Highly susceptible entiries were preferred for settling and feeding. Varieties less preferred for settling were less preferred for oviposition too. Since antixenosis and antibiosis were considered for mechanism of resistance various plant parameters viz., Plant height, internodal length, petiole length, leaf area, thickness of leaf, trichome density on the ventral surface of the leaves, hair length, hair density on mid-vein, distance between bases of hairs in mid vein, chlorophyll content, moisture content and protein content were estimated and correlated with leafhopper ovipostion and damage caused. Plant height, internodal length, trichome density on the ventral surface of the leaves, hair length, hair density on mid-vein had negative association with leafhopper damage and oviposition by leafhopper; leaf area, leaf thickness and protein content had no significant association. Susceptible entries had less chlorophyll and more moisture.
FARM YARD MANURE AND NEEM CAKE ON FEEDING PREFERENCE, OVIPOSITIONAL PREFERENCE AND DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD OF COFFEE BERRY BORER, HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pechiparai- 629 161, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: ksirulandi @ gmail.com, Irulandi S , Ravikumar A ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pechiparai- 629 161, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: ksirulandi @ gmail.com, Chinniah C ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pechiparai- 629 161, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: ksirulandi @ gmail.com, Rajendran R ,   Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pechiparai- 629 161, Tamil Nadu, India, E-mail: ksirulandi @ gmail.com, Vinod Kumar P K ,   Central Coffee Research Institute, Coffee Research Station -577117, Chikmagalur, (Karnataka), Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The impact of induced resistance acquired in coffee plants through organic sources of nutrition on berry infestation, feeding preference, ovipositional preference and developmental period of coffee berry borer was assessed. Among the various organic sources of nutrients / amendments tested, application of farm yard manure (FYM) (1.25 t/ha) + neem cake (0.75 t/ha) + azophos (25 kg/ha) followed by FYM + neem cake in two equal splits at four months interval was found to be consistently effective in reducing the infestation of coffee berry borer throughout the period of observations and also less preferred for feeding and oviposition by coffee berry borer and thus exhibited high inhibition for feeding (antifeedant) and ovipositional deterrency. The organics treated plots recorded significantly prolonged larval duration due to neem and it was maximum in FYM + neem cake + azophos (18.76 + 3.14 days) as compared to 13.41 + 2.25 in inorganic NPK. The growth index of berry borer was the least (4.24) in the treatment with FYM + neem cake + azophos as compared to 6.87 in inorganic NPK.
LABORATORY ASSAY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SPOTTED BOLLWORM, EARIAS VITTELLA (FAB.) (NOCTUIDAE : LEPIDOPTERA) ON TRANSGENIC BT COTTON
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology and Plant Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal - 609 603, U.T. of Puducherry, India., Kumar K , Indrapriyadarshini T ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology and Plant Nematology, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal - 609 603, U.T. of Puducherry, India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Insect pests are the major problem in cotton production. Among the pests, bollworm complex is very serious throughout the country and it poses a serious threat to cotton cultivation in many agro- ecological zones. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy against the spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Fab.) which is predominant in most of the cotton growing areas all over the world. The experiment was conducted with neonates and third instar of the spotted bollworm on squares and bolls of Bt cotton cultivars namely MECH 162 Bt ,MECH 184 Bt, RCH2 Bt along with check varieties MCU7 and SVPR3.The percentage mortality on squares and bolls under laboratory conditions was observed. On square basis, at 65 DAS, RCH2 Bt recorded (96 %) a higher percentage mortality followed by MECH 162 Bt (93.33 %) and MECH 184 Bt (89.33 %) compared to their NBt counterparts and check varieties MCU7 and SVPR3. Significantly higher percentage mortality was observed in Bt hybrids at 80, 95 and 110 DAS. On boll basis, RCH2 Bt recorded a higher percentage mortality, 29.41 and 33.00 percent followed by MECH 162 Bt (22.08 and 22.07 %) and MECH 184 Bt (18.33 and 11.07 %) at 128 and 143 DAS respectively compared to their NBt counterparts and check varieties. The highest per cent mortality was recorded in RCH2 Bt followed by MECH 162 Bt and MECH 184 Bt on square and boll basis. All the Bt varieties recorded higher per cent mortality compared to their check varieties. It was concluded that RCH2 Bt (93.67% and 29.37%) was more effective against the spotted bollworms, E. vittella compared to the other cultivars.
ACCLIMATION FOR HEAT RESISTANCE IN EGG PARASITOID TROCHOGRAMMA EXIGUMM JHON AND PLINTO
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India, Manisegaran S , David Orr B ,   North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA, Manoharan T ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In recent years, a total area of over 32 million ha in agriculture and forestry in the world has been treated annually with Trichogramma spp for controlling insect pests. In the world wide use of Trichogramma spp, the former USSR ranked first, followed by China and Mexico. Extensive utilization of this parasitoid was developed for rice, corn, sugarcane, cotton, vegetable and pine. The selection of suitable species, quality parasitoids, reasonable release rate per hectare, climate during release and release methods are the factors that determine the efficiency of Trichogramma spp. Therefore, investigations were carried out in the biocontrol laboratory at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA, to examine costs (negative fitness effect as well as beneficial effects) for heat resistance acclimation in an egg parasitoid, T. exiguum by exposing of immature stages to 40o C for different periods. The focus of the study was on acclimation across life-cycle stages rather than short term hardening of adults. Three questions ware considered. Firstly, can adult resistance to a high temperature shock, be increased by pre-pupal acclimation and / or by pupal acclimation in T. exiguum?. Secondly, are there other benefits of acclimation?. Thirdly are treatments that increase resistance associated with costs in terms of decreased parasitism or decreased longevity and can these costs be overcome by modifying acclimation treatments. So for, there has been little work in Trichogramma spp even through these parasitoids form an important component of IPM strategy in many countries and despite the fact that high temperature decrease Trichogramma spp., parasitism rate. The findings indicates that acclimation can occur without costs in T. exiguum and suggest a general phenotypic approach for separating acclimation costs from other fitness costs by sub - lethal exposures.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OROBANCHE AEGYPTIACA
Authors:   Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004, Maharashtra, India., Nagaraja T G , Nare R B ,   Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004, Maharashtra, India., Laxmikant V d ,   Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004, Maharashtra, India., Patil B ,   Ganga Ayurvedi Medical College, Kolhapur - 416004, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT An attempt was made to assess antifungal activity of Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers ethanolic and acetone extracts. Agar well diffusion technique was followed for screening against fungi like Fusarium oxysporum, Trichothecium roseum, Cladosporium herbarum and Trichoderma viridi. The maximum inhibition zone was recorded in acetone extracts of stem.
EFFICACY OF THE NATIVE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGAL ISOLATES WITH DIFFERENT INOCULATION METHODS
Authors:   Department of Entomology and Plant Nematology Pajancoa & Ri, Karaikal, U. T. of Puducherry - 609 603, India, Senthamizhlselvan P , Alice J ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Nematology Pajancoa & Ri, Karaikal, U. T. of Puducherry - 609 603, India, Sujeetha R P ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Nematology Pajancoa & Ri, Karaikal, U. T. of Puducherry - 609 603, India, Jeyalakshmi C ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Nematology Pajancoa & Ri, Karaikal, U. T. of Puducherry - 609 603, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The fungal isolates collected from Karaikal were tested against seven insect pests using different inoculation methods viz., spraying, crawling and dipping. Dipping method was found to be highly effective (82.50 percent) to coccinellids followed by spraying and crawling methods (48.75 and 13.75 per cent ). Larval mortality of spotted pod borer in pulses is more with spraying method (85.00 per cent). Isolate of Fusarium moniliforme on Green Leaf Hopper (GLH) recorded 90 per cent mortality with spraying method. Isolate of F. pallidoroseum against third instar of rice leaf folder caused 82.50 per cent mortality in spraying method followed by crawling (62.5) and dipping methods (42.5 ). Among the three methods, spraying method was considered to be superior. Isolate of F.pallidoroseum against third instar larvae of E. vittella recorded 50.00, 40.00 and 90.00 per cent mortality with spraying, crawling and dipping methods respectively. In general spraying method was found to be superior .
STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ON SURVIVAL AND GUT FLORA OF GROUNDNUT CATERPILLAR, SPODOPTERA LITURA FAB.
Authors:   Department of Advanced Zoology & Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi - 627 412, Tamil Nadu, India,, Joseph I
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Laboratory studies using the spore of the fungus Beaueria bassiana were carried out at different concentrations to assess its influence on the survival of the larvae of groundnut caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as well its impact on the larval gut microflora. In the contaminated food bioassay, a spore density of 109 spores/ml caused 100% larval mortality while LC 50 value was found to be 0.5x106 spores / ml. The heterotrophic bacterial population and the generic composition in the digestive tract of the larvae treated with the entomopathogenic fungi were analyzed. Nine species of bacterial genera Bacillus sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia sp., Klebsiella sp., were identified in the digestive tract. The ingestion of fungal spores eliminated three genera of bacteria in the digestive tract
IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENT ISOLATE OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHIN) SOROKIN (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETES) FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HUBNER)
Authors:   Research and Development Center, Sri Biotech Laboratories India.Ltd, Hyderabad - 500 037, A. P., India,, Vijayavani S , Reddy K R K ,   Research and Development Center, Sri Biotech Laboratories India.Ltd, Hyderabad - 500 037, A. P., India,, Jyothi G ,   Research and Development Center, Sri Biotech Laboratories India.Ltd, Hyderabad - 500 037, A. P., India,
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (SBT # 27 and SBT # 28) were produced under standard condition and then examined for influences on vitro conidial germination speed and virulence to an insect host, Helicoverpa armigera. Conidia were most virulent (based on mortality at 6 d) and had the fastest germination rates when produced on SMB (Sabouraud maltose broth) and the media pH is 6.0 - 6.2. The second instar larvae were exposed to the fungus and the concentration is of 1 x 107 and 1 x108 conidia/ml were tested against host insects at 280 C, SBT # 27 isolates showing 98 - 100% mortality in 8days against H. armigera and SBT # 28 showing 90 - 92% in 8 days. Among the two isolates SBT # 27 is superior in terms of high percent kill as well as 100% germination of conidia within 48 hours. However, SBT # 27 isolate showing greater pathogenicity against insect pest.
PATHOGENICITY OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AND CURVULARIA LUNATA AS A MYCOHERBICIDE FOR THE CONTROL OF ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI (BARNYARD GRASS)
Authors:   R & D Centre, Sri Biotech laboratories India Ltd, Hyderabad - 500037, Andra Pradesh, India, Jyothi G , Vijayavani S ,   R & D Centre, Sri Biotech laboratories India Ltd, Hyderabad - 500037, Andra Pradesh, India, Reddy K R K ,   R & D Centre, Sri Biotech laboratories India Ltd, Hyderabad - 500037, Andra Pradesh, India, Sreenivas V ,   Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad - 500 046, Andra Pradesh, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Echinochloa crusgalli (Barnyard grass) is one of the most invasive paddy (Oryza sativa L.) weed. Pure culture isolates of several fungi including Fusarium oxysporum (SBT # 17) and Curvularia lunata (SBT # 30) obtained from field sites were tested as candidates for the microbial control of barnyard grass. A survey was conducted in the paddy fields of eight southern districts of Andhra Pradesh to document the fungal pathogens of barnyard grass. Pure cultures were isolated from the naturally-infected barnyard grass leaves collected from different paddy - growing areas. A total of 51 fungi were isolated and two isolates were pathogenic on E.crusgalli under laboratory condition (> 70%). Furthermore F.oxysporum (SBT # 17) and C. lunata (SBT # 30) exhibited more pathogenicity under green house conditions on E. crusgalli and holds a great promise as biocontrol agents of barnyard grass.
EFFECT OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS ON RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN INFECTING FLUE - CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, JSS College, B.N.Road, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India., Seema M , Devaki N S ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The effect of 12 essential oils viz, pepper oil (Piper nigrum L.), nutmeg oil (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), turmeric oil (Curcuma longa L.), capsicum oil (Capsicum annum L.), coriander oil (Coriandrum sativum L.), fennel oil (Sweet) ((Ocimum gratissimum L.), fennel oil (Bitter) (Foeniculum vulgare ssp piperitum. Mill.), clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.), tulsi oil (Ocimum sanctum L.), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyne.), mustard oil (Brassica juncea L.) and eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook) were tested for fungicidal properties against Rhizoctonia solani - the causal agent of sore shin disease of tobacco by poisoned food technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration varied between 500 - 2000 ppm. Essential oil of cinnamon was found most effective, as it recorded complete inhibition of the pathogen at 500 ppm. Clove oil showed mycelial inhibition at 1000 ppm. Fennel and nutmeg oil were effective at 2000 ppm.
ACUTE AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MONOTERPENOID ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUNDS ON THE LARVAE OF SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS
Authors:   Crop Reearch Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6 Ruzynì, Czech Republic E-mail: pavel@vurv.cz, Pavela Roman
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Acute toxicity and mutual synergistic effect of six monoterpenoids on Spodoptera littoralis larvae was recorded. Out of the essential oils compounds tested for topical acute toxicity, the most potent were thymol and carvacrol, with LD90 values < 100 ìg per larva (weight 25 - 30 mg). In comparison for fumigant acute toxicity, the most potent were ã-terpinene, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole, with LD90 values < 100 ìg per cm3. Nine binary mixtures out of 15 tested couples showed the synergistic effect in topical application. The most significant synergism was found in p-cymene in the mixture with ã-terpinene or carvacrol. In the fumigant application, 9 binary mixtures showed a synergistic effect; 5 mixtures showed an additive effect, and one mixture showed an antagonistic effect. The most profound synergistic effect was found in ã - terpinene in the mixture with carvacrol and in p-cymene in the mixture with thymol or carvacrol.
EFFICACY OF SOME BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST RICE HISPA, DICLADISPA ARMIGERA (OLIVIER) (COLEOPTERA : CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors:   Present address: Ecology & Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799130, Tripura, India,, Bhattacharjee Partha Pratim , Ray D C ,   Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Six commercial biopesticides like, dk-bioneem (0.1 and 0.2%,) multineem (0.01 and 0.03%), neem oil (0.5 and 1.0%), azacel (0.01 and 0.03%), calpaste (0.02 and 0.04%) and larvocel (0.05 & 0.1%) were evaluated against Dicladispa armigera in the field conditions. Five replications were followed for each treatment and each replication consists of four hills (25cm × 25cm area). Control (water spray) was also run against treatment. All the biopesticides showed effective reduction of the pest. However, highest mortality was obtained by Azacel (@0.03%) after 5 days of treatment but Larvocel (@0.1%) caused 86.36% reduction of hispa population after 10 days of treatment
EVALUATION OF THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF DURANTA ERECTA LINN. (VERBENACEAE) ON THE LARVAE OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCITATUS (SAY) (CULICIDAE)
Authors:   Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, South India, Serena McConnell Marie , Balasubramani M ,   Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, South India, Rajan K ,   Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, South India, Gerald I A J ,   Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli - 620 004, Tamil Nadu, South India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need to explore and utilize naturally occurring products for combating harmful agricultural and public health pests. The present study was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal property of the methanol (ME) and water (AqE) extracts of Duranta erecta Linn. leaves against larvae of Culex quinquefascitatus (Say). The extraction was done by using methanol (ME) and water (AqE) as solvents. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of sugars, tannins, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavanoids, glycosides, triterepens and carboxylic acid. Both extracts of D. erecta have larvicidal activity. Between the extracts, ME has more than AqE
TOXIC PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN BOTANICAL EXTRACTS AGAINST THREE MAJOR STORED PRODUCT PESTS
Authors:   Biology and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500 607 (AP), India., Rajasekharreddy Pala , Usha Rani Pathipati ,   Biology and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500 607 (AP), India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Acetonic extracts of melon pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima (Duchesne), Sweet Orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) and Sour Orange, Citrus aurantium (L.), were evaluated for insecticidal activity against adults of three stored product pests viz., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), by filter paper diffusion method (direct contact application) and fumigation methods. The insect responses towards the treatment depended on the type of plant, the time of exposure and also the mode of application. In a test with the filter paper diffusion method (contact application), C. maxima leaf extract showed 100% mortality to S. oryzae and R. dominica within three days after treatment (DAT) at the rate of 8.5 mg/cm2, whereas, only 65% mortality was observed against T. castaneum at this dosage. The application of the crude plant extracts, C. sinensis and C. aurantium in the same concentrations, caused 89% and 76% mortality to S. oryzae and R. dominica respectively 72 hrs post treatment. Both the extracts produced comparatively less toxicity to T. castaneum and C. sinensis within the same duration of time. Among the 3 insects tested T. castaneum was the most tolerant having least mortality against all the phytochemicals. The plant compounds lack volatile toxic chemicals as indicated by the absence of significant mortality in fumigation bioassays.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF TWO LAMIACEAE PLANTS ON EGG - LAYING PERFORMANCE BY THE PULSE BEETLE CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS LINN. (COLEOPTERA : BRUCHIDAE)
Authors:   Laboratory of Entomology, P.G. Department of Zoology Govt.Dungar College, Bikaner - 3340 03, Rajasthan, India,, Manohar Kiradoo Murli , Srivastava Meera ,   Laboratory of Entomology, P.G. Department of Zoology Govt.Dungar College, Bikaner - 3340 03, Rajasthan, India,
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera:Bruchidae) is one of the major pests of pulses in storage. During the present study an attempt was made to screen and compare the efficacy of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) on egg-laying performance of the bruchid on grains of Vigna radiata (mung). The leaves of the select two plants were employed in the form of crude extract, powder suspension, aqueous extract, ethanol extract and diethyl ether extract at dose concentrations of 10, 25 and 50%. Significant reduction (P< 0.05) in oviposition was documented in sets treated with the formulations of both the plants as compared to control and normal. The formulations of O. basilicum were observed to be superior to O. sanctum in reducing egg-laying. Moreover, ethanol extract, crude extract and powder suspension were also noted to significantly bring down the number of eggs laid by the pulse beetle. Dose concentration was found to be inversely proportional to the number of eggs laid by the bruchid and formulations of 50% concentration resulted in minimum oviposition. The results suggest that formulations of both the species of Ocimum have a potential to act as ovipositional deterrent and can beemployed against C.chinensis for its control.
MENTHOL CONTAINING FORMULATION INHIBITS ADZUKI BEAN BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS L. (COLEOPTERA; BRUCHIDAE) POPULATION IN PULSE GRAIN STORAGE
Authors:   Crop Protection Division, Microbial Technology and Entomology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow - 226015, India, Singh Dwijendra , Mehta Sucheta S ,   Crop Protection Division, Microbial Technology and Entomology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow - 226015, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Plants synthesize many industrially useful chemicals for the benefit of humanity. Plant biopesticides are species specific, less harmful to beneficial arthropods, biodegradable and require low cost in developing formulations than synthetic pesticides that are directly developed from petrochemical derivatives. Twenty different tablet formulations prepared from various combinations of promising plant products have been evaluated for stored pulse grains protection. The natural menthol (9.09%) based tablet formulation containing natural binder and carrier agent-Vigna mungo seed powder (73.63%), liquid preservative-Acetic acid (11.36%), solid powdered preservative - sodium benzoate (5.68%) and edible lemon yellow colour (0.22%) (Treatment - XVII) applied once was found to be the most suitable for the management of adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. adult during pulse grains storage period of three and six months. The two tablets/250g grains comprising menthol (XVII) was found to reduce significantly 100% C. chinensis population in jars containing grains of both Cicer arietinum and Lens esculenta up to six months storage period. The beetle population did not increase as compared to average increase range of 245 to 1515 adult beetle populations in C. arietinum and 1825 to 3346 in L. esculenta in other treatments and untreated control during three months of storage. Result indicates that menthol containing cost effective tablets formulation may be developed at commercial level to protect the pulse grains attack of adzuki bean beetles during storage in homes and market places.
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PLANT PRODUCTS AGAINST SITOPHILUS ORYZAE (LINN.) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATION ON STORED RICE
Authors:   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 13, Assam, India., Chayengia B , Patgiri P ,   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 13, Assam, India., Rahman Zeenat ,   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 13, Assam, India., Sarma Saurabh ,   Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 13, Assam, India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Efficacy of volatile oils, powders, ethanol extracts and water extracts were tested on the basis of per cent mortality, final adult population of Sitophilus oryzae and grain weight loss of rice. Volatile oil of Citrus reticulata resulted in 100.00 per cent mortality after 24 hours of exposure followed by Curcuma longa (90.00 per cent), Psidium guajava (52.50 per cent) and Pogostemon cablin (20.00 per cent). Among powders, powder of Zingiber officinale was proved to be effective to some extent resulting in 23.34 per cent mortality followed by P. guajava and C. reticulata at 6.67 per cent respectively after 72 hours of exposure. However, powders of C. reticulata and Z. officinale were comparatively effective in reducing the adult population 12.67 respectively and grain weight loss at 4.35 and 4.50 per cent respectively after 35 days of exposure. Ethanol extract of P. cablin was found to be effective to some extent resulting in 40.00 per cent mortality after 72 hours of exposure while the extract of C. reticulata was comparatively effective in reducing the adult population (12.00) and grain weight loss (3.49 percent) after 35 days of exposure. Though water extracts of different plant parts had no significant effect on mortality of the pest but Polygonum sp. was found to be effective in reducing adult population (12.33) and grain weight loss (5.01 per cent) after 35 days of exposure
EFFECTS OF APPLICATION RATES OF SOME PLANT MATERIALS ON THE CONTROL OF RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ON STORED MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.)
Authors:   Present Address of Corresponding Author: Senior Visiting Scientist, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Society, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK, Ahmed B I , Yusuf S R ,   Present Address of Corresponding Author: Senior Visiting Scientist, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Society, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK, Sule H ,   Present Address of Corresponding Author: Senior Visiting Scientist, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environment and Society, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of leaf powders of six plants (Spider plant, Basil, Hyptis, Sugar apple, Desert date and Negro coffee) and a synthetic insecticide Pirimiphosmethyl (Actellic Dust) in controlling Tribolium castaneum Herbst in stored millet grain(Variety-Sosat). The leaf powders of each plant and the pirimiphos-methyl were tested at 2.5g, 5.0g and 7.5g/25g of sound millet grain. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times. Although both the plant product and synthetic treatments were significantly higher than control, Pirimiphos-methyl at all the tested concentrations caused significantly higher adult mortality of 3.17 at 22 hours after treatment (HAT) and 1.83 at 72 hours after treatment (HAT) than all the plant materials, with complete suppression of larval development and adult emergence at 15 and 45 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. Among the other treatment, desert date and sugar apple caused adult mortality of 1.00 and 1.29 at 22 and 72 HAT, respectively. This resulted into significant reduction in larval development, adult emergence and grain weight loss at 15, 45 and 63 DAT, respectively. Basil was next to sugar apple and desert date in terms of effectiveness, with grain weight loss of 1.98% and grain damage of 22.2%. Although, 5.0g and 7.5g concentration of plant powders were equally effective in reducing larval development and adult emergence, however, maximum grain protection was obtained with Sugar apple in 7.5g concentration/ 25g millet grain at 63 DAT, i.e. adult mortality was highest (1.29), while grain weight loss (2.82) and grain damage (10.6) were lowest at this concentration. Therefore, use of Sugar apple at the concentration of 7.5g/25g (i.e. 30% w/w) is recommended for the maximum protection of millet grain against damage by T. castaneum in storage.
TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NEEM AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAF POWDER AGAINST THE ONTOGENY OF CORCYRA CEPHALONICA (STAINT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors:   Department of Zoology, D.D.U. University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur - 273009, U.P., India, Pathak C S , Tiwari S K ,   Department of Zoology, D.D.U. University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur - 273009, U.P., India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Larvicidal and pupicidal effects of neem leaf were made on the third instar larvae of Corcyra cephalonica (Staint.). The observations revealed that 3.50% dose level of neem leaf caused 100% larval mortality indicating absolute toxicity to the pest.
EVALUATION OF BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST FIELD INFESTATION OF BRUCHID, CALLASOBRUCHUS THEOBROMAE L . ON FIELDBEAN, DOLICHOS LABLAB
Authors:   AICRP (Pigeonpea), UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India, Naveena N L , Jagadeesh Babu C S ,   AICRP (Pigeonpea), UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India, Byregowda M ,   AICRP (Pigeonpea), UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticides and neem products to control the field infestation of bruchids in Dolichos lablab. The fieldbean (cultivar HA3) seeds were sown in Randomized complete block design with eight treatments viz., Two Bt formulations (Halt& Dipel ), Pseudomonas sp., Neem oil, Neem seed kernel extract, Malathion and Spinosad with four replications. The 1st spray was given at the time of 60 percent formation of buds and flowers and the subsequent spray was given with an interval of 15days. The study revealed that spraying of NSKE (5%) resulted in good control of pulse beetle under field conditions. The mean per cent pod damage was significantly different between the treatments. NSKE (5%) recorded the lowest pod damage (4.64 %) when compared to Malathion (5.96%) and Spinosad (6.30%). However, they were significantly different from the others except Dipel (4.88%). Untreated control recorded highest pod damage (10.95%) followed by Pseudomonas sp. (8.88%). Significantly high yield was obtained in case of NSKE (12.19 q/ha) followed by Dipel (9.95 q/ha). However, lowest yield was in untreated control (7.55 q/ha).
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, POPULATION DENSITY AND SHELF LIFE OF EPN HETERORHABDITIS INDICA (RCR) IN SODIUM ALGINATE GEL FORMULATION
Authors:   Bio control Laboratory, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584102, Karnataka, India, Goud Shivaleela , Hugar P S ,   Bio control Laboratory, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584102, Karnataka, India, Prabhuraj A ,   Bio control Laboratory, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584102, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT For long term storage of infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica were formulated in sodium alginate gel capsule and tested in vitro at four different temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 28 ± 1.72° C) and at 85% relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the survival of Heterorhabditis indica was higher at refrigerated condition (10ÚC) up to a density of 1,000 IJs per capsule and 90 days of storage followed by storage at 15° C. EPNs stored at room temperature (28.54 ± 1.72° C) in the capsules were all dead after two months of storage.
DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AND BACILLUS COAGULANS BASED BIOFORMULATIONS USING ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CARRIERS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF SUGAR BEET
Authors:   Department of Plant pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Jorjani Marjan , Heydari Asghar ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran, Reza Zamanizadeh Hamid ,   Department of Plant pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Rezaee Saeed ,   Department of Plant pathology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Naraghi Laleh ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can play important roles in developing sustainable systems for crop production. In search for efficient PGPR strains with multiple activities, we prepared eight bioformulations (BF) using two isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens (B1) and Bacillus coagulans (B2) which were isolated from rhizospheric soil and plant roots in Iranian sugar beet fields. Carriers included talc and bentonite powders as inorganic carriers and peat and rice bran as organic carriers for increasing stability in interaction between associated PGPR and sugar beet plants. The efficacy of prepared bioformulations were then evaluated on promoting sugar beet seedlings growth characteristics including seedling height, seedling dry weight, seedling dry weight, root length and root weight, 60 days after sowing. Results indicated that above-mentioned growth characteristics except root length were significantly increased by all test BF but with different ratio. However, in the case of root length, 5 out of 8 BF (Peat-b1, Talc-b1, Talc-b2, R.B.-b1 and R.B.-b2) showed significant effectiveness in increasing seedling root length. The overall results of this study show that it may be possible to use PGPR based BF for promoting the health and growth of sugar beet.
FIELD EFFICACY OF FORMULATIONS OF MICROBIAL INSECTICIDE METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (HYPHOCREALES: CLAVICIPITACEAE) FOR THE CONTROL OF SUGARCANE WHITE GRUB HOLOTRICHIA SERRATA F(COLEOPTERA :SCARABIDAE)
Authors:   Main Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Venpakkam, Chengalpattu - 603111, Thamarai Chelvi C , Richard Thilagaraj W ,   Main Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Venpakkam, Chengalpattu - 603111, Nalini R ,   Main Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Venpakkam, Chengalpattu - 603111
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT An attempt is made to control the white grub Holotrichia serrata using entomopathogenic fungi at field level for the first time in India in sugarcane crop using different formulations of the microbial insecticide Metarhizium anisopliae. Three formulations of the microbial insecticide M. anisopliae via Talc, Lignite and Liquid formulations were used. Field trials were conducted in Vellore Co-operative Sugar mill with five treatments and three replications in Randomized Block Design. Pretreatment count was taken in 1 m2 area. The treatments of the formulations i.e. talc, lignite and liquid were mixed well with decomposed Farm Yard Manure and applied near the root zone of the cane at 5-10 cm depth and irrigated immediately after application. Two applications were made at 15 days interval. Grub mortality was assessed after 15 days after each application .The data were subjected to analysis of variance. Results on growth and yield parameters were recorded. The liquid formulation of the biopesticide M.anisopliae was found to be efficient for the control of sugarcane white grub H.serrata.
FIELD EVALUATION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHNIKOFF) SOROKIN AGAINST HOLOTRICHIA SERRATA (BLANCH) IN SUGARCANE
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, Tamil Nadu, India., Manisegaran S , Lakshmi S M ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, Tamil Nadu, India., Srimohanapriya V ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted on sugarcane for white grub management using Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai District and Kuchanoor village in Theni District during 2010-2011. Application of M. anisopliae against sugarcane white grub Holotrichia serrata (Blanch) at 4 x1 09 conidia ha-1 was found effective next to chlorpyriphos and registered 92% reduction in grub population on 60th DAT. The highest cane yield was recorded when chlorpyriphos was applied @ 3lit ha1 (110.5t ha-1), followed by M. anisopliae @ 4x109 conidia ha-1 (100.6t ha-1). However, incremental benefit cost ratio (IBCR) was high with higher doses of M. anisopliae (7.58) followed by drenching of chlorpyriphos (6.09).
IMPACT OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS, BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ON STORED GRAINS PEST, CALLOSOBR CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTER .) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)
Authors:   PG Department of Zoology, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli-7. Mobile: 9443582030, Email : dijojs@yahoo.co.in, Shifa Vanmathi J , Padma Latha C ,   Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Rani Anna Govt.College (w), Tirunelveli.-627008, Ranjit Singh A J A ,   Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli-627412.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Laboratory bioassay was carried with five different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (1x104 to 1x 108 ml-1) against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Stored seeds were severely attacked by the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, a coleopteran pest.At the larval stage, it penetrated into stored seeds and fed on cotyledons. Entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana caused maximum oviposition reduction and 100% adult mortality was obtained at higher concentrations. Mortality declined with the decrease in concentrations. At higher concentrations, oviposition reduction was 60.58%, and adult mortality was 99.44% at 92h respectively. It showed higher virulence compared to other isolates.At lower concentrations, oviposition reduction was 23.82% and adult mortality was 81.93% at 92 h respectively.
COMPARISON OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC NEMATICIDES ON THE POPULATION OF SOIL NEMATODES IN HYBRIDS OF SACCHARUM SPECIES
Authors:   Department of Bio-Technology, Udaya School of Engineering, Nagercoil-629204, Tamilnadu, India,, Mohan K
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Organic nematicides such as neem cake, press mud, groundnut oil cake, neem mark and cotton seed oil and inorganic nematicides such as carbofuron, phorate and aldicarb have been found to have inhibitory effect against the soil nematodes including plant parasitic nematodes of sugarcane crop. The percent reductions of nematode population with the organic and chemical nematicides were studied. Among the organic amendments neem cake recorded the maximum reduction of nematode population density of 89.36 per cent and the cotton seed oil cake the minimum 60.84 per cent compared with control plots. Among the chemical nematicides, carbofuron reduced the population density of nematodes to the maximum, i.e. being 100 percent followed by phorate while aldicarb recorded the minimum compared to the population density of control.
EFFICACY OF YELLOW STICKY TRAPS AGAINST GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, TRIALEUR RIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM (WESTWOOD) (ALEYRODIDAE: ODIDAE: HEMIPTER HEMIPTERA) IN GERBERA
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624 103, Premalatha K , Rajangam J ,   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624 103
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In vegetables and flower crops, greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) is an important pest which damages the crop drastically. Development of alternative methods for the management of agriculturally important pests is needed due to the adverse effect of pesticides to human health and environment. The main objective of the present study is to test the efficacy of yellow sticky traps and yellow charts coated with castor oil by which manages the pest effectively. The number of whitefly adults attracted towards yellow sticky trap was compared with conventional method ie, tieing of yellow charts coated with castor oil. The experimental results revealed that irrespective of the varieties, yellow chart coated with castor oil caught whiteflies more than the yellow sticky trap. Marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) was also higher in the treatment of yellow charts coated with castor oil whereas MBCR of yellow sticky traps was only 0.88.
INVESTIGATION ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF HIBISCUS MEALYBUG, PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS TINSLEY IN RELATION TO BIOTIC FACTORS UNDER SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITION
Authors:   Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 450396, Gujarat, India, Arve S S , Patel K G ,   Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 450396, Gujarat, India, Chavan S M ,   Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 450396, Gujarat, India, Vidhate P K ,   Department of Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 450396, Gujarat, India
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Studies on population dynamics of hibiscus mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in relation to biotic factors were carried on randomly selected hibiscus plants at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during 2007-08. Under field condition the observation recorded at fortnightly interval showed that the population of P. solenopsis on hibiscus was observed throughout the year with its peak activity from first fortnight of October to first fortnight of December. The highest population of mealybug per plant was found in first fortnight of November (93.68), exhibited the peak activity of mealybug population. During the course of investigation, the nymph and adult female was found to be preyed by two predators Spalgis epius (Westwood) and Scymnus coccivora (Aiyar). The populations of both predators were directly related to the population of host, P. solenopsis and showed significant positive relationship with mealybug population.