bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINXRON TАRJIMАDА STRАTEGIYA VА TАKTIKАLАR
Authors: Yunusova Nodira , Muborakova Dilshoda
Published: August 2024

The role and characteristics of simultaneous translation (ST) in the general system of translation are very wide, and deeper knowledge and skills are required from simultaneous translator. The translator uses simultaneous interpretation of different types of interpretation, in particular, semantic translation from serial translation and different forms and methods. Translation is also a unique bridge which connects these cultures. Whether it is a written translation or an oral translation, at a certain degree it creates an exchange and acquaintance of cultures. Every language reflects the worldview, psyche and identity of that nation. It gives a heavier task for the translator when performing the translation. Today, simultaneous translation is widely used in meetings of heads of state and international conferences. It is natural that the main topic of such simultaneous translation processes is about politics, the political environment in the neighboring and international arena. In carrying out political translation, an experienced translator always takes into account the hidden ambiguity in the speaker’s speech. This is because in the political context of a country, a word that has a positive meaning often has a negative meaning when it is simultaneously translated into another language. It is no coincidence that "Politics is an art." After all, various political metaphors and euphemisms are often used in politics.
FEATURES OF TEACHING ENGLISH PHONETICS TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Zaripova Shakhnoza , Gafurova Kamila
Published: August 2024

This article examines teaching English pronunciation to learners at the beginning of their learning process because the development objectives linked to the creation of positive motivation are given priority. The development of foundational communication abilities in a foreign language is the primary goal at this point from realizing that one might convey the same idea in a different language with accuracy and beauty.
O‘ZBEK TILIDA XULQ-ATVOR FE’LLARINING LEKSIK-SEMANTIK MUNOSABATLARGA KO‘RA TAVSIFI VA TIL SISTEMASIDAGI O‘RNI
Authors: Ochilova Sanobar
Published: August 2024

In this article, information about the description of behavioral verbs in the Uzbek language according to lexical-semantic relations and their place in the language system is analyzed.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINFLARDA FONETIK MASHQLARNI O‘RGATISHDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALARNING O‘RNI
Authors: Sapayeva Laylo
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the importance of innovative technologies in strengthening students' phonetic knowledge, promoting correct speech acquisition and correct pronunciation of sounds, creating an interactive, interesting and effective educational environment, as well as increasing the effectiveness of the educational process with the help of such technologies. and manufacturing methods are widely covered.
АБУ ҲАФС АН-НАСАФИЙНИНГ “АЛ-ҚАНД” АСАРИДА КЕЛТИРИЛГАН ТИЛШУНОСЛАР
Authors: Sadullaeva Nodira
Published: August 2024

This article details the linguists mentioned in Abu An-Nasafi’s Al-Qand. “Kitab al-Qand” by Abu Hafs al-Nasafi, written about the scholars of Samarkand, is one of the invaluable sources that have come down to us. Although the work is dedicated to reflecting the spiritual environment of Samarkand, including the development of the science of hadith, a number of linguists are mentioned in it. The scientific heritage of Abu Hafs Nasafi was widely used in revealing the content of the article. In particular, the scientist's work “Al-Yavaqit fil mawaqit” was considered as the main source for identifying the muhaddis of Movarounnahr.
DANCE AS A COMMUNICATIVE MEANS
Authors: Khudoyberdiyeva Oyjamol
Published: August 2024

In this article explores the idea that dance functions similarly to spoken language, with its own vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. This concept is central to the argument made in the current article, which emphasizes dance as a communicative tool for expressing ideas, stories, and emotions.
PRESERVATION OF THE LINGUOCULTURAL CODE IN TRANSLATION OF MEMOIRS
Authors: Alikulova Mahfuzakhon
Published: August 2024

This article explores linguistic and cultural codes as comprising symbolic meanings and procedural schemes that shape understanding and expression. These codes include fixed and variable linguistic units, forming structural and semantic patterns reflecting personal thinking. They underpin artistic and literary expressions, modeling cognitive, semiotic, and linguistic perspectives. The study discusses N. I. Zhinkina’s “subject-schematic” code, transforming thoughts into verbal expressions, and Ch. Fillmore’s frame theory, linking words to knowledge structures. It emphasizes the development of conceptual and mental spaces through language and culture, highlighting their roles in organizing knowledge and facilitating communication.
O‘zbekistonda tarjimonlik faoliyatining rivojlanishi
Authors: Nurullayev Mirzabek
Published: August 2024

В данной статье рассматривается развитие переводческой деятельности вУзбекистане, освещаются эволюция, проблемы и перспективы в этой сфере. В ней рассматриваютсяисторический контекст, современные тенденции и инициативы, направленные на совершенствованиепрактики перевода в Узбекистане с учетом ее культурного, лингвистического и геополитическогозначения. Анализируя факторы, способствующие росту перевода, этот комментарий даетпредставление о роли перевода в преодолении языковых и культурных различий и развитиимеждународного сотрудничества
KASBIY SIFAT VA KASBIY KOMPONENT MUTANOSIBLIGI
Authors: Otanazarova Mohira
Published: August 2024

In this article, it is stated that a pedagogue is a person responsible for the education and upbringing of his specialty before the society, at the same time, he must regularly improve his professional training, teacher, teacher, teacher, educator. , to have the right to be a pedagogue, to be more precise, to be the owner of professional competence, the ways to become a mature specialist are explained. Also, information is given about the psychological foundations of professional development, and the general role and function of psychology in the development of the individual is also widely covered. The psychological content of professional development is analyzed on the basis of military psychology.
FALSE FRIENDS OF TRANSLATORS. UNDERSTANDING ENGLISH-GERMAN TRANSLATIONS
Authors: Abdikhamidova Sevinch
Published: August 2024

The translation of false friends between English and German languages presents a significant challenge due to semantic disparities and lexical ambiguities of these languages. In this article the analysis of the different types of false friends is given, and the semantic and stylistic meanings of them is examined in depth. It also provides the list of different types of English-German false friends.
ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИ И ВЛИЯНИЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ ДРАМАТУРГИИ НА УЗБЕКСКИЙ ТЕАТР В ХХ ВЕКЕ
Authors: Адыгезалова Малика
Published: August 2024

This study examines the connection between Eastern dramaturgy and Uzbek theatre through the perspectives of thinkers, including Nizami, Bekhbudi, and Fitrat. Notable pioneers of Azerbaijani drama, such as M.F. Akhundov and G. Javid, play a significant role in this context. Special attention is given to G. Javid, whose works, such as "Sheyda", "Sheikh Senan", "Iblis", were successfully staged on the Uzbek stage in the 1920s. Research by scholars such as S. Aliyev and Sh. Turdyev underscores the broad popularity of G. Javid's works among the Uzbek people. Archive data and testimonies of Uzbek artists also highlight the important role of Azerbaijani drama in shaping the Uzbek theatrical scene. Furthermore, the study reflects the influence of scholars and artists from Azerbaijan on the local theatrical and literary arts through their presence in educational institutions in Uzbekistan.`
RANGNI KO'RSATGAN LEKSEMALARNING MA'NO XUSUSIYATI
Authors: Masharipova Umidaxan
Published: August 2024

The article analyzed the opinions about the presence of lexemes expressing color in Turkish languages. Colors in the culture of each nation have their own symbolic meaning, that is, colors are an expressive factor of the nation's culture.
САРА ЭДДИСОН АЛЛЕН РОМАНЛАРИДА МЎЪЖИЗА ШАКЛЛАРИ
Authors: Muxammedova Nilufar
Published: August 2024

Article focuses on the analysis of the forms of magical realism in American Literature on the example of Sarah Addison Allen’s novels. Sarah Addison Allen is one of the outstanding writers in American literature today. Her works such as “Garden Spells” and “Sugar Queen” are highly studied by researchers. It can be observed that she tries to describe her gender views in the forms of magical realism in her novels.
OLIY TA’LIM TIZIMINI INSONIYLASHTIRISH VA INSONPARVARLASHTIRISH MUAMMOLARI
Authors: Mardonov Ravshan
Published: August 2024

The article, based on an analysis of scientific literature and empirical research, examines the issues of humanitarization of higher education in the modern period. The harmony between the natural, technical, social and human sciences in this process is explored. The content of modern humanitarian education includes not only the humanities, which reveal the laws of social development, social norms and the development of relationships, but also knowledge about society, skills and competencies of social interaction, civil society and the ability to act in the world of high technology.
ODAM SAVDOSI – INSONIYATGA QARSHI TAHDID
Authors: Isroilov Mutallif
Published: August 2024

In the modern era of globalization, human trafficking is one of the pressing problems that attracts the attention of the entire world community. The article makes an attempt to reveal such issues that human trafficking is an illegal crime, its cases have also been identified in Uzbekistan, and the need to take measures to prevent this crime.
KОRЕYS TILIDА KЕSIMNING TURLАRI VА UNING GАPDА ISHLАTILISHI XUSUSIDА
Authors: Аzizоvа Sitоrа
Published: August 2024

This аrticlе prоvidеs еxаmplеs оf thе typеs оf pаrticiplеs in thе Kоrеаn lаnguаgе, аs wеll аs hоw thеy аrе rеflеctеd in thе sеntеncе. In аdditiоn, thе аrticlе prеsеnts thе оpiniоns оf sciеntists оn thе intеrjеctiоn in mоdеrn Kоrеаn.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS MAXIMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors: Yulchiyeva Dilfuza
Published: August 2024

In this article, the factors of the realization of the category of politeness in English and Uzbek languages in the context of intercultural communication, the importance of a pragmatic approach in the process of communication, and the specific norms that representatives of different cultures should take into account in the process of mutual communication, and the issues of describing the category of politeness in speech etiquette are covered.
ҚОРАҚАЛПОҚ ЭТНОГРАФИЯСИ БЎЙИЧА ДАСТЛАБКИ ТАДҚИҚОТЛАP
Authors: Жумабекова Зарафшан
Published: August 2024

This article talks about the history of ethnographic research on the history of the Karakalpak people in the 19th century. We are mainly talking about archival sources and memories written during scientific and military expeditions of Russian scientists, as well as writing scientific sources and written scientific works on the study of the emergence of painting, state administration, taxation, land-political relations. to study the material and spiritual life of our people.
Boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining kognitiv kompetentsiyasini integrativ yondashuv asosida shakllantirish jarayonining bosqichlari
Authors: Xudoyberganov Doniyor
Published: August 2024

The article examines the role of teacher competence in the development of primaryschool students' competence. The author emphasizes that even the most successful teachers may encounterstudents who are limited in their activity and ability to think creatively. To solve this problem, it isproposed to create individual learning strategies, including additional assignments, projects and groupwork. The article also describes three stages in the development of cognitive competence in primary schoolchildren.
MASTЕRING WRITING AT THЕ INITIAL STAGЕ ОF LЕARNING ЕNGLISH
Authors: Akhmеdоva Zulfiya
Published: August 2024

Thе study in quеstiоn highlights thе grоwing impоrtancе оf tеaching writing and Еnglish cоmpоsitiоn in tоday's digital agе. With thе risе оf glоbal cоmmunicatiоn channеls, such as еmail and thе intеrnеt, prоficiеncy in a fоrеign languagе likе Еnglish has bеcоmе incrеasingly vital. Furthеrmоrе, as thе study nоtеs, writtеn cоmmunicatiоn, particularly whеn aidеd by tеchnоlоgy, has bеcоmе an indispеnsablе fоrm оf discоursе.
ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ В ДРЕВНЕТУРЕЦКИХ ПИСЬМЕННЫХ ПАМЯТНИКАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПАМЯТНИКОВ, НАЙДЕННЫХ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ)
Authors: Алламбергенова Мукаддас
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the concept of cultural heritage in ancient written monuments. The essence and cultural status of the preserved monuments in different forms are explained. Ideas are summarized on the example of monuments found on the territory of Kazakhstan.
OILALARDAGI AJRIMLARNING IJTIMOIY-PSIXOLOGIK JIHATLARI
Authors: Karimov Farxod
Published: August 2024

In this article, the socio-psychological reasons for divorce in families with different life stages are thoroughly analyzed scientifically and theoretically. In addition, the scientific researches of many foreign and local scientists on the topic are thoroughly analyzed and appropriate suggestions and recommendations are given regarding the existing problem.
SHEROBOD DOSTONCHILIK MAKTABIDA QO‘LLANILUVCHI TAKRORLAR
Authors: Djurakulova Gulnoza
Published: August 2024

This article talks about a small epic formula, similar to that used in the passages where the description of the horse is given, as a basic aid so that Bakhshi can fully draw a portrait of the horse. Describing horses based on an individual description of each part and comparison of each of them, painting the image of the horse perfectly complete, conveying its clear appearance to the listener, is considered a favorable technique for Bakhshi, and this technique has been shown to be widely used in the Sherabad school of epic.
INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARIDA HAQIQAT LEKSEMASINING SEMANTIK VA ETIMOLOGIK TAHLILI
Authors: Mardiyev To‘lqin
Published: August 2024

In this article the semantic and etymological analysis of the lexeme “truth” is explained by informed opinions of dictionaries in English and Uzbek languages, proverbs and other literature available in two languages. Also in the article we will compare similar and general aspects of the concept of truth in the national culture of two unrelated languages with the opinions expressed in proverbs in English and Uzbek.
ХОЛИС ДЕВОНИНИНГ НОДИР ҚЎЛЁЗМАСИ
Authors: Холбобоева Нилуфар
Published: August 2024

This article describes one of Kholis’s rare divans, who lived and created in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Information about the Devonian composition is given.
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Turakhodjayeva Mokhidil
Published: August 2024

This article give brief information about linguistic aspects of political discourse as well as in line with the categorization of language levels namely morphological, lexical, and syntactic and the system of functional dominants of political discourse is examined, along with the primary theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of political speech.
“ALPOMISH” DOSTONIDA TAQIQLARNING MIFOLOGIK ASOSLARI
Authors: Axmedova Zebiniso
Published: August 2024

This article examines the mythological basis of prohibitions. The historical roots of the ban on birds in the epic “Alpomish” are analyzed.
СОКРАТ И ПЛАТОН: ОТКРЫТИЕ МИКРОКОСМА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОЙ ДУШИ
Authors: Асророва Мухаббат , Казимова Гулнора
Published: August 2024

This article is about the teachings of the great ancient Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato, written in the books of the brightest scientist of our time M.N. Boltaev. Socrates, an enlightenment philosopher who awakens his thoughts with his words. He moves on to general problems from specific, sometimes practical issues. The system of Plato‘s idealism is revealed, firstly, faith in heavenly truth and, secondly, renunciation from earthly evil.
XIX-ASRNING OXIRI XX-ASR BOSHLARIDA SURXON VOHASI AHOLISINING DEMOGRAFIK JARAYONLARI
Authors: Xolmo'minov Xusan
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the social lifestyle and demographic processes of the inhabitants of theSurkhan oasis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, during this period, issues of the influenceof the colonial policy of the Russian Empire and the problems that arose as a result of difficult social conditionson the demographic processes were scientifically analyzed
ABDULLA ORIPOV SHE’RLARIDA PARALLELIZMLARNING ISHLATILISHI
Authors: Niyazmetova Shahlo
Published: August 2024

In world literature, the emphasis is growing on revealing the role and importance of artifacts in the development of poetry from a linguistic, pragmatic, linguistic point of view. The resulting embryo was allowed to develop in nutrients and then inserted into her womb, where it implanted. About the use and types of parallelisms in the analysis of some poems from the work of Abdulla Oripov
ATOQLI OTLARGA ASOSLANGAN BIBLIONIMLAR XUSUSIDA
Authors: Aqmanova Shahnoza
Published: August 2024

In this article, the lexical-semantic features of biblionyms represented by proper nouns are determined. Linguistic aspects of biblionyms are highlighted based on the research of semantic features of biblionyms of historical and modern works of art.
THE MAIN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF NOMINATIONS IN THE CONCEPTUAL SPHERE “CLOTHING AND FASHION” IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF THE 20TH-XXI ST CENTURIES
Authors: Bakhromova Mukarram
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the main trends in the development and usage of terminology related to clothing and fashion in the English language from the 20th to the 21st centuries. It explores how nominations, or names given to specific concepts or items in the fashion industry, have evolved over time. This study delves into the changes in terminology, naming conventions, and linguistic trends within the realm of clothing and fashion, shedding light on the evolution of language in this specialized field.
GEMERОNIMLАRNING VАZIFAVIY XUSUSIYATLARI
Authors: Sapayeva Boljon
Published: August 2024

In this article, the cjncept of hemeronym, the study of hemeronyms in uzbek linguistics, and their functional characteristics are explained.
OTA-ONA QARAMOG‘IDAN MAHRUM BO‘LGAN BOLALARNI JOYLASHTIRISH SHAKLLARI: MILLIY VA XORIJIY QONUNCHILIK
Authors: Dadaboуeva Jumagul
Published: August 2024

This article provides a comparative analysis of the issues of housing children deprived of parental care and ensuring their social protection. First of all, the experience of national legislation and foreign countries is studied. Then in this area, the legislation in force in Uzbekistan is studied. The summary section provides specific proposals and recommendations for improving national legislation.
KONSEPT HAQIDA QARASHLAR
Authors: Rahimov Fayziddin
Published: August 2024

The main direction of modern linguistics is interdisciplinary research, and its correlative component is the term "concept". The study of national and cultural characteristics of linguistics is the main problem in the field of conceptual development. This article analyzes the opinions of world linguists about the concept.
“ХАЛҚ ДУШМАНЛАРИ” КИМЛАР БЎЛГАН ЁХУД “КАТТА ТЕРРОР” ЙИЛЛАРИДА ИНСОН ҚАДР-ҚИММАТИНИНГ ТОПТАЛИШИ ҲАҚИДА
Authors: Urmonov Xusniddin
Published: August 2024

Historically, we know that repression against “enemies of the people” in the former Soviet Union intensified after the October Revolution of 1917 and continued step by step until the 1980s. The article talks about the repressions carried out by the Soviet government in 1937-1938, and explains the specific term “enemy of the people.” The charges against them and the punishment imposed on them are revealed based on an analysis of the literature.
ABDURAHMON JOMIY FALSAFIY-TASAVVUFIY QARASHLARI SHAKLLANISHINING IJTIMOIY- SIYOSIY OMILLARI
Authors: G‘ovsidinov Ma’ruf
Published: August 2024

The article talks about the significant role of social conditions and spiritual environment in the formation of the philosophical views of the great thinker Abdurrahman Jami. At the same time, the specific aspects of the spiritual closeness between Alisher Navoi and Jami are explained in detail. While researching the literary and social environment of this period, Orientalist Y. E. Bertels lists important aspects of Navoi.
VIRTUAL REALLIKDA HAQIQAT MUAMMOSI
Authors: Shavqiyev Oybek
Published: August 2024

This article reveals the forms and possibilities of the manifestation of reality in a virtual existence. The problem of fake disinformation and truth in virtual reality and virtual existence is studied and the nature of the information space is explored. The difference between the reality in the objective existence and the reality in the virtual world, certain existing connections are determined at the level of scientific knowledge. Aspects of the problem of truth in virtual existence related to virtual reality are scientifically and philosophically analyzed and suggestions are made.
USING COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES THROUGH APPROACHES IN TEACHING MODERN ENGLISH
Authors: Rashidova Gulshoda
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the communicative method of teaching foreign languages, which is the nature of the activity. The objective of the communicative approach - to interest students in learning a foreign language by the accumulation and expansion of their knowledge and experience. The main purpose of this procedure - to teach students to be fluent in the first language, and then to think on it. The main thing that is needed to implement the communicative method in the practice of school a psychological preparedness of teachers, their belief in the need communicative, their faith in the efficacy of this direction.
TARJIMADA MAMLAKATSHUNOSLIKKA OID BILIM VA KO‘NIKMALARNI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Authors: Tairova Maxfuza
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the relationship between regional studies and translation. Firstly, an attempt is made to refer to the terms of regional studies; Since there are many definitions, only a few of them will be discussed in this article.
О ФАКТОРАХ, ВОЗДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ НА ПОЯВЛЕНИЕ СИТУАТИВНО ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОГО КОДОВОГО ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Попова Анастасия
Published: August 2024

The article examines the main causes of code switches in bilingual speech, which are the result of the interaction of two different language systems in his mind.
THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD AS PART OF THE CULTURAL EXISTENCE OF ENGLISH SOCIETY
Authors: Dehkanova Dilnoza
Published: August 2024

This article gives information about linguistic picture of the world by integrating cultural identies on English people. In addition, it provides English mind and national characters with vivid exapmles namely with sayings, proverbs as well as proposes several notions according topic.
MUHAMMAD YUSUF VA IQBOL MIRZO IJODIYOTI ADABIY JARAYONDAGI O‘RNI
Authors: Ravshanova Gulrux
Published: August 2024

In this article we touched upon the place and significance of the works of Muhammad Yusuf, who left a bright mark in the poetry of modern Uzbek literature, and Iqbal Mirza, who is creating today, in the modern literary process. The awareness of the feeling of the Motherland and the reflection of this feeling in the verses of our poets are analyzed.
XIX ASR OXIRI – XX ASR BOSHLARIDA XIVA XONLIGIDA TA’LIM, FAN VA ADABIYOT RIVOJI
Authors: Bekchanov Doniyor
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the relationship between education, science and literature in the Khiva Khanate at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The activities of Muhammad Rahim Khan II and his vizier Akbar Sayyid Islamkhoja, who made a great contribution to the development of science and culture during the Khiva Khanate, will be revealed. Also, their main ideas, their place in the process of social development and their importance today are revealed.
MUHAMMAD YUSUF BIOGRAFIYASINING SHOIR LIRIKASIGA TA’SIRI
Authors: Davletova Shalola
Published: August 2024

Any lyric product is influenced by the life experiences of the author. Deep penetration into the creation processes of the poet’s poems is an extremely important factor for understanding their essence. We used the biographical method to get acquainted with the events and life path of the poet, and found out that his biography had a significant impact on his work. In this article, the biography of Muhammad Yusuf, the beloved poet of our people, is covered in harmony with his work.
ХОРАЗМ ВА БУХОРО ССРДАГИ ПАХТАЧИЛИК АҲВОЛИ МАВЗУСИНИНГ ТАРИХШУНОСЛИГИ ВА МАНБАШУНОСЛИГИ МАСАЛАСИ
Authors: Самадов Искандар
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the issues of source science and historiography of the subject of cotton cultivation in Khorezm and Bukhara People's Soviet Republics. In the grand plans of Soviet Russia, Uzbekistan was considered only as a peripheral country supplying raw cotton. This led to a one-sided development of Uzbekistan's economy.
LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF ABSTRACT NOUNS IN ELIZABETH GASKAL’S NOVELS
Authors: Alibekova Zilola
Published: August 2024

This article offers comprehensive details on abstract nouns, including linguistic and cultural characteristics as well as their usage in works. Additionally, Elizabeth Gaskal's "North and South" was examined for the linguistic and cultural aspects of several abstract nouns, including love, sorrow, justice, freedom, identity, and hope.
XORAZMSHOH ALI IBN MA’MUN DAVRIDA XORAZM
Authors: Ismoilov Shohruhmirzo
Published: August 2024

Ali ibn Mamun, who is considered one of the most prominent representatives of the Mamunids dynasty, during his career, entered into relations with the Arab caliph along with the peoples located in the regions of South Siberia. In this article, the history of Ali ibn Mamun's relations with the large states of Karakhanids and Ghaznavids in Central Asia, as well as the history of receiving the title from the Arab caliph, is analyzed using numismatic sources.
Navoiy davlat pedagogika instituti dotsenti, (PhD)
Authors: Adilov Zafar
Published: August 2024

This article reveals the religious and secular aspects of Mahmud az-Zamakhshari's socio-philosophical views. At the same time, Mahmud az-Zamakhshari's entry into the world of science, the main features of his superiority over other professions, and his views that science can glorify man and raise him to the level of perfection are revealed on the basis of analysis.
PROVERBIAL FRAZEOLOGIZMLARNING IFODALANISHI
Authors: Narmuratov Zayniddin
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the trend of understanding phraseological units in a broad sense is followed, and units such as proverbs, sayings, aphorisms are included in phraseological units. The materials of English and Uzbek languages ​​are analyzed.  It is noted that not all proverbs can be included in the phraseological units, and it is explained that they can be included in the phraseological units. At the same time, metaphors with a figurative character are expressed as proverbial phraseology.
INGLIZ ADABIYOTIDA HIKOYA JANRINING TADRIJIY TAKOMILI
Authors: Davlatova Vazira
Published: August 2024

This research project explores the evolution of the story genre in English literature, starting from its origins in ancient legends, folktales, and fairy tales in the 14th century, and tracing its path to the emergence of the first narrative stories in literary studies during the 19th century. The research aims to understand the importance of the development of the story genre throughout history. It also seeks to identify the defining characteristics of this genre that set it apart from short stories and novels.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINF O‘QUVCHILARINI PIRLS VA TIMSS XALQARO BAHOLASH SINOVLARIGA TAYYORLASHNING PEDAGOGIK MEXANIZMLARI METODIKASINING PEDAGOGIK MAZMUNI, SHAKL VA USULLARI
Authors: Matyakubova Nuriya
Published: August 2024

In this article, the stages of studying and improving the methodology of the international assessment programs PIRLS and TIMSS for primary school students are described. Students’ problems and solutions in the international assessment process were also discussed in the article.
PARALLELISM AND ITS IMPACT ON NARRATIVE STRUCTURE IN “TRANSATLANTIC” BY COLUM MCCANN
Authors: Rakhimova Shakhnoza , Rakhimova Shakhnoza
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the stylistic techniques employed by Colum McCann in his novel “TransAtlantic” to convey themes of loss, reconciliation, and the personal impacts of historical events. By focusing on parallelism, epizeuxis, and fragmented narrative, the study examines how these devices deepen the narrative and engage the reader.
YOZMA NUTQNI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI
Authors: Muhiddinova Gulchiroy
Published: August 2024

The article describes the method of developing students' written speech.  The main requirement for the mother tongue textbook is to improve students' oral and written literacy, to teach them to speak correctly and fluently. Clear and fluent speech and the correct use of grammatical devices are necessary for the correct formation of written speech. Good knowledge of grammatical devices helps the child to construct sentences correctly and write without any mistakes. The formation of writing skills is further developed through exercises. The article provides detailed information about this.
DASTLABKI SAVDO ALOQALARI VA ULARNING TERMINOLOGIYAGA TA’SIRI (Iqtisodiy-pedagogik terminlar misolida)
Authors: Ayaqulov Nurbek , Shukrulloyev Sunnatullo
Published: August 2024

This article refers to the history of the development of trade relations in world history, their changing characteristics and the development of terminology related to various fields as a result of international economic relations. In addition, the economic development of countries from ancient civilizations to the present day is covered, and the historical place of trade and commerce, the paths of their development and their connection with the most important centers of world history, the emergence of economic and pedagogical terms are also considered.
SURXON VOHASI BOYSUN TUMANI PANJOB QISHLOG‘I AHOLISINING NOMODDIY MADANIYATIDAN
Authors: Rahmonov Maxammad
Published: August 2024

This article describes the ethnographic views of the rituals, customs and traditions of the mountain Tajiks of the Surkhan oasis. Procedures and rules for conducting these ceremonies are reflected.
Surxondaryo viloyatida aholining ish bilan taminlash masalalari
Authors: Tursunov Oʻktam
Published: August 2024

In the years of independence, the role and role of the state in social protection of the populationincreased, as well as the role of non-governmental organizations, entrepreneurs, and businessmen in this process.In particular, the entrepreneurship movement grew stronger. As a result, the role of entrepreneurs andbusinessmen in social protection of the population increased. The article talks about entrepreneurship in thesocial protection system of Surkhandarya region.
УСТЮРТДАГИ КАРВОН ЙЎЛЛАРИ ҲАҚИДА
Authors: Kanaatov Esimkan
Published: August 2024

The article talks about the branches of the Great Silk Road that passed through Ustyurt, developed in the Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages. It is known that two lines of caravan routes have passed through Ustyurt since the Middle Ages. One of the roads went through Central Ustyurt to the Volga and the Urals, while the other road went to Mangishlaq. The first road, called the Nogai road, connected Khorezm and Bulgar. Maghishlaq highway connected Khorezm and Khazar. The author focuses on the development of caravan routes in Ustyurt during the period of the Golden Horde and during the reign of Amir Temur and his successors. After Amir Temur's military campaigns against the Golden Horde, traffic along these caravan routes ceased for some time, but subsequently the great commander Amir Temur rebuilt these trade routes. The article also provides information about the first sources and the first research works about caravan routes in Ustyurt.
BOLALARNI MAKTAB TA’LIMIGA SIFATLI VA SAMARALI TAYYORLASH
Authors: Kurbanbayeva Muqaddas
Published: August 2024

This article talks about the attention paid to the effective preparation of preschool children for school.
MEDIA SAVODXONLIKNI OSHIRISHDA VR LABORATORIYANING TASHKILIY MODUL MEXANIZMI
Authors: Bo‘ronov Nazim
Published: August 2024

This article talks about the modern possibilities of improving the media literacy of journalism faculty students using VR-technologies, and the organizational structure mechanism. Regarding the topic of this article, the scientific research works of foreign and local scientists are researched, and relevant suggestions and recommendations are given regarding the existing problem.
BO‘LAJAK O‘QITUVCHILARDA KASBIY KARYERASINI LOHIYALASHTIRISH KO‘NIKMASINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Authors: Djalolova Sevara
Published: August 2024

In this article, in the process of continuous education, the problems and characteristics of the future teacher in the professional development, special attention is paid to the stage of professional education, and the procedural content of the formation of the future teacher's career in the stage of professional activity. A variant of the model is offered.
O‘ZBEK TILSHUNOSLIGIDA BARQAROR VA TURG‘UN BIRIKMALAR TASNIFI
Authors: Xamidov Mansur
Published: August 2024

In this article analyzes views on the classification of stable and stable compounds in Uzbek linguistics. Also, the issue of paremiological units in Turkology is covered. Linguistic features of dialect-specific stable combinations, approaches to their classification, and internal and external classification are noted.
ГЕНДЕР ТАРИХИ ВА УНИНГ ТАДҚИҚОТ УСУЛЛАРИ
Authors: Shadmanova Sanobar , Iminoxunova Naimaxon
Published: August 2024

This article presents reviews of gender history research. Research conducted on the study of gender history and their specific methods are also studied.
MUHAMMAD SODIQ QOSHG‘ARIYNING “ODOB AS-SOLIHIN” ASARINING TARBIYAVIY AHAMIYATI
Authors: Salavatova Xurshida , Qadamboyeva Hilola
Published: August 2024

In this article, the views of the historian, scientist and writer Muhammad Sadiq Kashghari, who created works reflecting the issues of personality and his education in students and his pedagogical knowledge, his contribution to the development of Sufism and Pedagogical views are discussed.
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARDA SHAXSIY IJOD YARATISH VA IJODIY FIKRLASHINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING AHAMIYATI
Authors: Quramboyeva Oqiljon
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the six tools of effective, analytical thinking and advanced methods of developing creative thinking to increase the creativity of preschool children and develop personal creativity
TUGʻRUQDAN KEYINGI DAVRDA AYOLLAR EMOTSIONAL SOHASINI KORREKSIYALASHNING ZAMONAVIY AMALIY PSIXOLOGIK YO‘NALISHLARI
Authors: Kalandarova Madina
Published: August 2024

The article presents an analysis of the use of psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, psychodrama, logotherapy, humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology, modern practical psychological directions of psychocorrective influyencye on the emotional sphere of women in the postpartum period.
ОДНОСОСТАВНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ В ЖАНРЕ ЗАГАДКИ
Authors: Шерматов Иззат
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes single-component sentences of the Russian language in riddle discourse within the framework of the cognitive-pragmatic approach. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the conceptual and communicative features of single-component structures. The research material was texts from the classic publication “Riddles of the Russian People” by Dmitry Nikolaevich Sadovnikov, one of the largest Russian ethnographers and collectors of folklore.
DÁSTANLARDA BATİRLAR TUWİLǴANNAN KEYINGI XALİQLİQ TÚSINIKLER
Authors: Isakov Ruslan
Published: August 2024

In the article, the author provides information about folk ideas after the birth of heroes in epics. In most Karakalpak folk heroic epics, rituals performed after the birth of a child acquire a vital character. That is, more attention is paid to such rituals as circumcision, circumcision, choice of name, wedding, in order to reveal the image of the future hero. This indicates that the roots of the Karakalpak folk epic are associated with ancient times.
Energy Distribution in Atmospheric Muons
Authors: Saraswat Rushil
Published: August 2024

This study models the parameters of atmospheric muons that decay at altitudes ranging from 200 to 4200 meters. Using experimental data, this research determined the correlation between the most likely number of decayed muons, the altitude of decay and the distance traversed before decaying. Next, using the data obtained, this study determined the fraction of total decayed muons that exhibited a certain velocity and determined their altitude of decay. The velocities of the fractions of decayed muons were further used to determine their corresponding kinetic energies. The study also presented equations that give the relation between the kinetic energy of a muon and its altitude of decay. Furthermore, an equation relating the energy of a muon to the fraction of muons corresponding to that energy was also created in the present study. To diminish the standard deviation in the data obtained thus far, this paper also determines and plots the relation between the specific energy of atmospheric muons and the fraction of muons with a kinetic energy greater than or equal to the specified energy. Overall, this study describes, plots, and generates equations for the kinetic energies of muons and calculates the muon fraction for different energies to determine the energy distribution for atmospheric muons that decay between 200 meters and 4200 meters.
Sensible vs Nonsensible Work
Authors: William Kent
Published: August 2024

As a science structured around entropy, classical thermodynamics is filled with inconsistencies. Beyond its mathematical implications, entropy possesses no clear universal lucidity. Entropy’s various interpretations tend to be application-dependent. Thermal entropy was devised in the 19th century by Clausius to enhance one’s understanding of the relationship between energy and work. The accepted theory of work done by expanding systems has been strictly expressed in terms of that expanding system’s parameters, which is non-sensible. A sensible second theorization of work will be discussed based on the facts that work is always external to the system performing that work and that an expanding system needs to lift the overlying atmosphere’s mass. These two different mathematical interpretations of work will be discussed, along with the cataclysmic implications for accepted thermodynamics. Occam’s razor points to sensible work, as presented herein.
Investigation into the Effects of Caffeine on Reaction Time
Authors: Wallace Alina
Published: August 2024

How reaction time changed depending on dose of caffeine consumed was investigated by conducting an experiment where participants drank different quantities of coffee each day and measured their reaction time using a website that asked the user to tap the screen when it turned green. This was measured every 30 minutes for 7 hours after the caffeine had been fully consumed. Graphs were plotted for the results obtained and regression fits were added to analyse the data. The observed trends were that reaction time decreased when caffeine consumption was increased, which correlated with expected results. The highest administered dose deviated from this trend, however, was put down to a ‘caffeine crash’ that was experienced by the participants.Important factors that were considered when discussing the results were pre-established caffeine tolerances as well as the diversity within the sample of participants.
Innovación para construcción sostenible: estudio piloto de concreto modificado con plástico reciclado
Authors: Pérez Montoya Gerardo Antonio
Published: August 2024

El concreto es un producto esencial para la industria de la construcción. El proceso de fabricación consiste en la mezcla de cemento, arena, grava y agua. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la resistencia del concreto modificando su mezcla y sustituyendo la grava con el plástico reciclado. Métodos. El estudio fue descriptivo. Las probetas de concreto fueron elaboradas y comparadas mediante la resistencia a la compresión. Se realizaron tres muestras, siendo el cilindro de referencia el conformado por una mezcla de concreto convencional, es decir, cemento, arena y grava. Las dos probetas restantes se elaboraron sustituyendo la grava por plástico reciclado, las cuales su resistencia a la compresión fue comparada con la mezcla sin modificación. Resultados. La resistencia a la compresión del concreto y el peso volumétrico de la mezcla disminuyeron a medida que se incrementó el porcentaje de polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE, por sus siglas en inglés), el cual sustituyó la grava. Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que la sustitución de grava por plástico en las tres muestras reduce las propiedades del concreto en términos de resistencia y peso. Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender completamente los efectos de la
adición de HDPE al concreto y encontrar formas de mitigar cualquier impacto negativo en sus propiedades.
Mapeo de temperatura y precipitación para evaluar forrajes alternativos ante el cambio climático en el sur de Honduras
Authors: Navarro-Roque Emma S. , Atehortua Mayra K.
Published: August 2024

El cambio climático tiene un efecto notable en los patrones de temperatura y precipitación a nivel global, lo que representa desafíos para la agricultura y la ganadería. Por consiguiente, son necesarias estrategias de adaptación que contribuyan a mejorar los rendimientos de los cultivos y la producción ganadera. El presente estudio mostró el análisis de proyecciones futuras de las variables de precipitación y temperatura en el municipio de San Marcos de Colón, Choluteca, Honduras. Métodos. Se realizó el análisis de variables climáticas en el programa de RStudio, con datos de las plataformas WorldClim y Agua de Honduras. Asimismo, se analizó los histogramas de precipitación acumulada de la plataforma ClimateCharts, así como proyecciones de los escenarios Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 en el período de los años 2030, 2050 y 2080. Resultados. Para el 2070, se anticipa una reducción en la precipitación, estimada entre 10 y 40 mm, durante los meses de julio y agosto, así como un aumento de la temperatura de hasta 4 °C, según el escenario RCP 8.5. Conclusión. La necesidad de adaptarse al cambio climático en Choluteca se refleja en proyecciones de menor precipitación y mayor temperatura para 2070. Ante estos resultados, se recomienda evaluar forrajes alternativos como King Grass y otros.
Evaluación de habilidades interculturales y de convivencia pacífica en estudiantes
Authors: Briceño Núñez Chess Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, la convivencia pacífica en entornos multiculturales como las universidades se vuelve crucial para el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes y la construcción de ciudades inclusivas. Este analizó el desarrollo de habilidades interculturales como herramienta fundamental para fomentar la convivencia pacífica en el ámbito universitario. Métodos. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo y un diseño exploratorio con una encuesta electrónica y entrevistas semipresenciales a 30 universitarios de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Resultados. Los hallazgos clave en la convivencia intercultural universitaria fueron los siguientes: mejora del 75% en competencia comunicativa, 80% en empatía, 70% en adaptabilidad y 65% en resolución de conflictos. El estudio relevó mejoras significativas en competencia comunicativa, empatía, adaptabilidad y resolución de conflictos en entornos universitarios. Conclusión. Este estudio resalta la importancia del desarrollo de habilidades interculturales para fomentar la convivencia pacífica en el ámbito universitario. Se recomienda la implementación de programas integrales que aborden las diferentes dimensiones de interculturalidad, considerando las necesidades específicas de cada contexto.
Los sistemas de innovación en Centroamérica y su relación con el proceso de integración regional
Authors: Romero Caballero Vicente
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta un análisis del Sistema de Innovación en Centroamérica, su situación actual, la relación entre el sistema regional de innovación y los sistemas cada uno de los países, y finalmente, establece posibles líneas de acción para su desarrollo. Métodos. Revisión de literatura. Desarrollo. Se analiza todo el proceso de integración desde sus inicios, incluyendo los dos grandes hitos en el proceso, el mercado común centroamericano de los años sesenta y posteriormente, el iniciado con el Protocolo de Tegucigalpa. Se analiza los sistemas de innovación a nivel local y regional centroamericano, desde el SICA a las diferentes institucionales nacionales en cada país. También se analizaron los retos del sistema, especialmente el modelo económico, la inversión en I+D y la gestión de innovación en patentes. Conclusión. Se presenta una serie de propuestas para el futuro como son, entre otros, priorizar las buenas prácticas de la región hacia el resto, desarrollar políticas sistémicas a nivel jurídico e institucional, ajustar la innovación a la realidad local, mayor coordinación entre los diferentes actores, desarrollar redes de investigadores, establecer estrategias para el sector privado o incrementar la financiación a la innovación.
Construcción de la agenda pública: capacidades en la política social de Honduras
Authors: Salgado Araujo Ricardo Luis
Published: August 2024

La implementación del Programa Bono Vida Mejor de 2015 a 2022, como un programa de Transferencia Monetaria Condicionada cuyo propósito fue reducir la pobreza extrema y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población más vulnerable, tomando en cuenta las propuestas desde el enfoque de capacidades de los actores involucrados en su planteamiento y construcción para promover acciones o estrategias encaminadas a solventar un problema de raíz social, es decir, desde con un planteamiento horizontal, por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión se centra en describir la construcción de la agenda pública en el caso Honduras. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión teórica de la política social y valor público, enfocadas en una descripción contextual del Programa Bono Vida Mejor, para definir la existencia de valor público. Desarrollo. Se observa la participación de los beneficiados en la existencia y co-creación de valor público, sin la existencia del constante arraigo por el interés gubernamental, ampliando el sentido de la agenda pública en términos valiosos. Conclusión. Se deduce que existió apropiación de la acción gubernamental desde una vía dinámica, colocando en el centro a los actores en la formulación de dicha acción permite la demarcación sobre el accionar y la generación de una apropiación colectiva de entre los actores, pasando de una concepción económica a una de capacidades que permita el desarrollo y la obtención de resultados.
El camino del libertario de Javier Milei
Authors: Suazo Irachez Juan Fernando
Published: August 2024

El político y ahora presidente argentino, Javier Milei, representa para los argentinos una esperanza, ante la grave y acentuada crisis de gobernanza experimentada en los últimos años. En ese sentido, esta reseña recoge los puntos más destacados de El camino del libertario, obra escrita por Milei. Se realizó una revisión sistemática del texto en mención, previo a la síntesis del mismo. Las ideas de Javier Milei se fundan en el pensamiento libertario de la escuela austriaca de economía. Esto le permite una apreciación distinta entre el valor de lo fiscal y el del mercado. El camino del libertario representa una alternativa para la economía argentina que actualmente enfrenta retos sociales y de gobernanza.