bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A snapshot of the practicality and barriers to COVID-19 interventions: Public health and healthcare workers’ perceptions in high and low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Glazik Rosanna , Moore Hannah , Kennedy David , Bower Hilary , Rohan Hana , Sharp Ashley , Seale Anna C.
Published: November 2021

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) to reduce transmission and minimise morbidity and mortality, whilst maintaining social and economic activities. The perceptions of public health workers (PHWs) and healthcare workers (HCWs) are essential to inform future COVID-19 strategies as they are viewed as trusted sources and are at the forefront of COVID-19 response. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the practicality of implementing NPIs and PIs and 2) identify potential barriers to implementation, as perceived by HCWs and PHWs.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of PHWs and HCWs perceptions of the implementation, practicality of, and barriers to implementation of NPIs and PIs using an online survey (28/9/2020-1/11/2020) available in English, French and Portuguese. We used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to analyse quantitative and qualitative responses.

Results

In total, 226 respondents (67 HCWs and 159 PHWs) from 52 countries completed the survey and 222 were included in the final analysis. Participants from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) accounted for 63% of HCWs and 67% of PHWs, with the remaining from high-income (HICs). There was little difference between the perceptions of PHWs and HCWs in HICs and LMICs, with the majority regarding a number of common NPIs as difficult to implement. However, PHWs in HICs perceived restrictions on schools and educational institutions to be more difficult to implement, with a lack of childcare support identified as the main barrier. Additionally, most contact tracing methods were perceived to be more difficult to implement in HICs than LMICs, with a range of barriers reported. A lack of public support was the most commonly reported barrier to NPIs overall across both country income and professional groups. Similarly, public fear of vaccine safety and lack of vaccine supply were the main reported barriers to implementing a COVID-19 vaccine. However, PHWs and HCWs in LMICs perceived a lack of financial support and the vaccine being manufactured in another country as additional barriers.

Conclusion

This snapshot provides insight into the difficulty of implementing interventions as perceived by PHWs and HCWs. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to implementing interventions, and barriers in different contexts do vary. Barriers to implementing a vaccine programme expressed here by HCWs and PHCWs have subsequently come to the fore internationally.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the COBRA-like genes reveal likely roles in stem strength in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Yang Qian , Wang Shan , Chen Hao , You Liang , Liu Fangying , Liu Zhongsong
Published: November 2021

The COBRA-like (COBL) genes play key roles in cell anisotropic expansion and the orientation of microfibrils. Mutations in these genes cause the brittle stem and induce pathogen responsive phenotypes in Arabidopsis and several crop plants. In this study, an in silico genome-wide analysis was performed to identify the COBL family members in Brassica. We identified 44, 20 and 23 COBL genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitor species B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively. All the predicted COBL genes were phylogenetically clustered into two groups: the AtCOB group and the AtCOBL7 group. The conserved chromosome locations of COBLs in Arabidopsis and Brassica, together with clustering, indicated that the expansion of the COBL gene family in B. napus was primarily attributable to whole-genome triplication. Among the BnaCOBLs, 22 contained all the conserved motifs and derived from 9 of 12 subgroups. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the tissue preferential expression patterns of various subgroups. BnaCOBL9, BnaCOBL35 and BnaCOBL41 were highly expressed in stem with high-breaking resistance, which implies these AtCOB subgroup members may be involved in stem development and stem breaking resistance of rapeseed. Our results of this study may help to elucidate the molecular properties of the COBRA gene family and provide informative clues for high stem-breaking resistance studies.
Uncertainties in land use data may have substantial effects on environmental planning recommendations: A plea for careful consideration
Authors: Neuendorf Felix , Thiele Julia , Albert Christian , von Haaren Christina
Published: November 2021

A key challenge of environmental planning is to craft recommendations for future sustainable spatial development amid ubiquitous uncertainties. This paper aims to explore how different data uncertainties, usually unknown to the planner, may influence environmental planning recommendations. We apply a case study-based approach, in which we provide three illustrative examples of how data with different kinds and levels of uncertainty affect environmental assessments and, by that, the decision-support provided by environmental planning. The cases stem from different spatial levels in Germany and consider ‘Regional soil-based climate change mitigation’ in the region of Hannover, ‘State-wide habitat conservation siting’ in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, and ‘National renewable energy planning’. Based on the three examples, we discuss implications for planning practice and derive recommendations for further research. The three cases studies illustrate the substantial effects of data uncertainty on environmental assessments and planning recommendations derived from those results. We identify four problem constellations of dealing with data uncertainty in environmental planning that relate to the severeness of uncertainty impacts, the responsibility of the decision-maker, and the kinds of impacts that wrong decisions may have. We close with recommendations for further research, among others to develop robust and pragmatic methods for identifying the uncertainty levels in environmental data and assessment results.
Views and experiences of compassion in Sri Lankan students: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Kariyawasam Lasara , Ononaiye Margarita , Irons Chris , Stopa Lusia , Kirby Sarah E.
Published: November 2021

Practicing compassion has shown to reduce distress and increase emotional well-being in clinical and non-clinical populations. The existing research is primarily focused on Western populations although the concepts of compassion are heavily influenced by Asian Buddhist views. There is a dearth of compassion research conducted particularly in the Asian context. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the views and lived experiences of compassion in Sri Lankan students, to understand whether compassion is a socially embraced construct in Sri Lanka, considering that Sri Lanka is a Buddhist influenced society. Participants’ views and lived experiences of compassion towards themselves and to/from others were also investigated, with a specific focus on their perceived inhibitors and facilitators of compassion. Aims were set to identify whether Western compassion-based practices could be successfully applied to Asian societies such as Sri Lanka. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was used to obtain and analyse qualitative data from a convenience sample of 10 Sri Lankan students, recruited from a Psychology course. The phenomenological analysis of the semi-structured face-to-face interviews elicited three predominant themes:What compassion means to me,what I make of it, andcompassion through facilitators and inhibitors. The findings suggested that participants shared a similar understanding of the concept of compassion as reflected in the Western definitions. Experiences and views of compassion were shaped by several factors including religion, culture, society, and upbringing. In general, this study revealed that participants were well aware of the concept of compassion as well as its impact on their psychological well-being. Despite this, inhibitors existed in experiencing compassion. The religious and collectivistic-cultural influences need to be further explored and taken into account when implementing Western compassion-based practices to non-Western contexts such as Sri Lanka.
Choice of anesthesia and data analysis method strongly increases sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET imaging during experimental epileptogenesis
Authors: Jahreis Ina , Bascuñana Pablo , Ross Tobias L. , Bankstahl Jens P. , Bankstahl Marion
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Alterations in brain glucose metabolism detected by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) may serve as an early predictive biomarker and treatment target for epileptogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate changes in cerebral glucose metabolism before induction of epileptogenesis, during epileptogenesis as well as during chronic epilepsy. As anesthesia is usually unavoidable for preclinical PET imaging and influences the distribution of the radiotracer, four different protocols were compared.

Procedures

We investigated18F-FDG uptake phase in conscious rats followed by a static scan as well as dynamic scans under continuous isoflurane, medetomidine-midazolam-fentanyl (MMF), or propofol anesthesia. Furthermore, we applied different analysis approaches: atlas-based regional analysis, statistical parametric mapping, and kinetic analysis.

Results

At baseline and compared to uptake in conscious rats, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia resulted in decreased cortical18F-FDG uptake while MMF anesthesia led to a globally decreased tracer uptake. During epileptogenesis, MMF anesthesia was clearly best distinctive for visualization of prominently increased glucometabolism in epilepsy-related brain areas. Kinetic modeling further increased sensitivity, particularly for continuous isoflurane anesthesia. During chronic epilepsy, hypometabolism affecting more or less the whole brain was detectable with all protocols.

Conclusion

This study reveals evaluation of anesthesia protocols for preclinical18F-FDG PET imaging as a critical step in the study design. Together with an appropriate data analysis workflow, the chosen anesthesia protocol may uncover otherwise concealed disease-associated regional glucometabolic changes.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms AND Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Xin Xiao-Yu , Lai Ze-Hua , Ding Kai-Qi , Zeng Li-Li , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: November 2021

Background

Many studies among different ethnic populations suggested that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the results remained inconclusive. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify the effect of ACE polymorphisms on AD risk using all available relevant data.

Methods

Systemic literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, Alzgene and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Relevant data were abstracted according to predefined criteria.

Results

Totally, 82 independent cohorts from 65 studies were included, focusing on five candidate polymorphisms. For rs1799752 polymorphism, in overall analyses, the insertion (I)allele conferred increased risk to AD compared to the deletion (D)allele (Ivs.D: OR = 1.091, 95% CI = 1.007–1.181,p= 0.032); while theIcarriers showed increased AD susceptibility compared with theDhomozygotes (II+IDvs.DD: OR = 1.131, 95% CI = 1.008–1.270,p= 0.036). However, none of the positive results passed FDR adjustment. In subgroup analysis restricted to late-onset individuals, the associations between rs1799752 polymorphism and AD risk were identified using allelic comparison (OR = 1.154, 95% CI = 1.028–1.295,p= 0.015, FDR = 0.020), homozygotes comparison, dominant model and recessive model (IIvs.ID+DD: OR = 1.272, 95% CI = 1.120–1.444,p< 0.001, FDR < 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant association could be revealed after excluding studies not in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). In North Europeans, but not in East Asians, theIallele demonstrated increased AD susceptibility compared to theDallele (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.021–1.178,p= 0.012, FDR = 0.039). After excluding HWE-deviated cohorts, significant associations were also revealed under homozygotes comparison, additive model (IDvs.DD: OR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.045–1.534,p= 0.016, FDR = 0.024) and dominant model (II+IDvs.DD: OR = 1.197, 95% CI = 1.062–1.350,p= 0.003, FDR = 0.018) in North Europeans. With regard to rs1800764 polymorphism, significant associations were identified particularly in subgroup of European descent under allelic comparison (Tvs.C: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.008–1.120,p= 0.023, FDR = 0.046), additive model and dominant model (TT+TCvs.CC: OR = 1.116, 95% CI = 1.018–1.222,p= 0.019, FDR = 0.046). But after excluding studies not satisfying HWE, all these associations disappeared. No significant associations were detected for rs4343, rs4291 and rs4309 polymorphisms in any genetic model.

Conclusions

Our results suggested the significant but modest associations between rs1799752 polymorphism and risk to AD in North Europeans. While rs4343, rs4291 and rs4309 polymorphisms are unlikely to be major factors in AD development in our research.
Effects of the Kampo medicine Yokukansan for perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain in women undergoing breast surgery: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Tanaka Moegi , Tanaka Tsunehiko , Takamatsu Misako , Shibue Chieko , Imao Yuriko , Ando Takako , Baba Hiroshi , Kamiya Yoshinori
Published: November 2021

Yokukansan (YKS) is a traditional Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicine prescribed for anxiety. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the subjective assessment of anxiety using questionnaires and its objective assessment using salivary alpha-amylase concentrations in YKS and control (CNT) groups of women undergoing breast surgery. The trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: UMIN000028998), and the investigators were blinded to drug administration. One hundred patients who underwent breast cancer surgery were allocated to either the YKS or the CNT group. Finally, 35 and 42 patients in the YKS and CNT groups were analyzed, respectively. The YKS group received two 2.5 g doses of the medication before sleeping on the night before surgery and 2 h before inducing anesthesia, while the CNT group did not receive medication preoperatively. Patients answered two questionnaires, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, pre-and postoperatively as subjective anxiety assessments. As an objective anxiety indicator, salivary alpha-amylase levels were measured the day before, directly before, and the day after surgery (T3). In the YKS group, salivary alpha-amylase scores directly before operation were significantly lower than those on the day before surgery and at one day postoperatively (F [2,150] = 3.76, p = 0.03). Moreover, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait scores were significantly more improved postoperatively in the YKS group than in the CNT group (difference in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety: YKS, mean -2.77, 95% confidence interval [-1.48 –-4.06], p <0.001, and CNT, -1.43 [-0.25–-2.61], p = 0.011; and difference in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: YKS group, -4.23 [-6.95–-1.51], p = 0.0004; and CNT group, 0.12 [-2.36–2.60], p = 0.92). No side effects were associated with YKS. YKS may reduce perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing surface surgery.
Fiber in Broiler Feed: Its Effect on Performance, Gastro-intestinal Tract, and Microbial Profile
Authors: Nursiam Intan , Ridla Muhammad , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Hermana Widya
Published: November 2021

In AGP ban era, addition of a fiber source in broiler feed improves the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to describe the differences in fiber analysis methods and the effect of  fiber source addition on growth, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota profile in the digestive tract of broilers. Oat hulls, sugar beet pulp, rice hulls, pea hulls, sunflower hulls, wheat bran, and wood have been tested as fiber source in broiler feed. The effectiveness of fiber in increasing growth performance and stimulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by the physico-chemical properties, level of addition, particle size, and fraction composition of the fiber source. Exploration of local fiber sources from Indonesia, which can have ability to increase growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is needed to support food security in the future.
Lubricant Evaluation Technique for Single Point Incremental Forming Process
Authors: Limpadapun Khompee , Kesvarakul Ramil , Aue-u-lan Yingyot , Intarakumthornchai Thanasan
Published: November 2021

Single-point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is highly flexible dieless forming process suitable for a small batch production. The higher the feed rate and tool rotational speed, the higher the production rate will be. Therefore, the selection of the suitable lubricant is a key important factor to maintain the formability of the material when increasing the feed rate and tool rotational speed. This paper proposes the technique to evaluate and later on select the proper lubricant for these conditions. This technique was divided into two phases; 1) screening, and 2) stabilization. The screening phase is a quick method for preliminary selection of the lubricants. The stabilizing phase is a step to evaluate reliability as well as ensure efficiency of the lubricant throughout the process, because of the significant increase of the forming temperature which affects directly to the performance of the lubricant. Two types of lubricants, namely solid (Graphite) and liquid (Callington Calform NF-206) lubricants mixed with the base oil (coconut oil) at different ratios were tested. The cold rolled hot-dipped zinc-coated steel sheet with thickness of 0.176 mm. and wall angles of 45, 50, 55 and 60 degrees with the depth of each wall angle of 5 mm were used. During the screening phase, the fifteen mixtures firstly were tested by using the achieved maximum wall angles without fracture as a criterion. Later on, the lubricant mixtures which could successfully form at the wall angle of 60 degrees with the forming depth of 20 mm would be tested in the stabilization phase to evaluate the formability and the forming temperature. The results showed that during the screening phase 11 lubricants could perform successfully, while the stabilization phase with the wall angle of 60 degrees only 3 lubricants could successfully form the workpiece. Therefore, this evaluation technique could help to evaluate and, for later on, be a criterion to select the select lubricant.
NAJSTARSZE (XI-XII W.) FIGURY SZACHOWE WYKONANE W STYLISTYCE ABSTRAKCYJNEJ ARABSKIEJ Z TERENU POLSKI , NA TLE TRENDÓW EUROPEJSKICH ZWIĄZANYCH Z POCZĄTKOWYMI FAZAMI ADAPTACJI W EUROPIE
Authors: Stempin Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

Chess is a board game, in the Middle Ages referred to as a tabula. During the long way it took since its origin in India in the 6th century until modern times, the subsequent communities left their own, inimitable cultural marks. In India, chess had a deeply mystical nature; Persians used chess to picture the world as a battlefield; Arabs systematised many concepts and took note of the mathematical aspect; Europe made use of chess to define rules that should apply to an ideal society. This shows a perfect understanding of the balance on the chessboard, the mutual dependencies and consistent actions leading to success – both when playing and creating social life. Medieval literature provides an excellent basis for studies of the intertwining cultural trends and describing the reality. In the literature, elements based on playing chess are oftentimes among the postulated modes of education. However, the ideas encountered by the potential users of chess tournaments were best communicated by the figures and the accumulated plethora of notions. An analysis of the changes affecting jackstraws at an early stage of the game’s adaptation in Europe and other territories which took over chess as cultural models, leads to a conclusion that the material from the 11th-12th centuries that comes from Polish collections matches many Latin trends and shows considerable knowledge thereof.
SIEĆ OSADNICZA I SZLAKI KOMUNIKACYJNE NA ZACHÓD OD POZNAŃSKIEGO PRZEŁOMU WARTY W STARSZYCH FAZACH WCZESNEGO ŚREDNIOWIECZA
Authors: Pawlak Ewa
Published: November 2021

In the oldest stages of the early Middle Ages, the settlements located between the Warta and the Obra were concentrated predominantly in a few areas: between the Warta, the Sama and the Samica Stęszewska, in the vicinity of Pniewy and Lwówek, and to the west of Sieraków. The resulting structure, over time supplemented with settlement clusters in Opalenica Plain, formed the basis for a network of gords established in the 9th and the early 10th centuries. The arrangement of hamlets and gords allowed to reconstruct long-range transport routes connecting these regions with south Wielkopolska, Lusatia as well as the north-western Slavic domains.
ANTROPOLOGIA GROBÓW CIAŁOPALNYCH CMENTARZYSKA DZIEKANOWICE 22
Authors: Wrzesińska Anna , Wrzesiński Jacek
Published: November 2021

The article presents the analyses and descriptions of two graves in the Dziekanowice grave field, site 22 (dated back to the late 10th – the late 13th centuries) located on the eastern coast of lake Lednica, approx. 90 m from the eastern bridge leading to Ostrów Lednicki. The isle hosts a hillfort regarded a seat of the then ruler, the sedes regni principales. Within the gord, in the second half of the 10th century, a complex of residential and sacral buildings was raised: a baptistery, a palas and a church. The burial rite as of the late 10th and the early 11th centuries, which appeared in what is now Poland’s territory, is typically associated with Christianity encroaching the area. The issues under discussion, which are not fully explained, include both the ways in which the dead were buried before skeletal burials were introduced and popularised, the methods used to promote the changes, acceptance thereof, the rate and the prevalence of the new mode of burying the dead. In the course of extended excavations in the Dziekanowice 22 grave field, 1,665 graves have been discovered with preserved bone material, among them two graves where cremated bodies were laid (cremation burial). The graves have been dated back to the early Middle Ages (the time of the grave field’s operation).
Coupling theK-nearest neighbors and locally weighted linear regression with ensemble Kalman filter for data-driven data assimilation
Authors: Fan Manhong , Bai Yulong , Wang Lili , Tang Lihong , Ding Lin
Published: November 2021

Machine learning-based data-driven methods are increasingly being used to extract structures and essences from the ever-increasing pool of geoscience-related big data, which are often used in relation to the atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces. This study focuses on applying a data-driven forecast model to the classical ensemble Kalman filter process to reconstruct, analyze, and elucidate the model. In this study, a nonparametric sampler from a catalog of historical datasets, namely, a nearest neighbor or analog sampler, is given by numerical simulations. Based on this catalog (sampler), the dynamics physics model is reconstructed using theK-nearest neighbors algorithm. The optimal values of the surrogate model are found, and the forecast step is performed using locally weighted linear regression. Several numerical experiments carried out using the Lorenz-63 and Lorenz-96 models demonstrate that the proposed approach performs as good as the ensemble Kalman filter for larger catalog sizes. This approach is restricted to the ensemble Kalman filter form. However, the basic strategy is not restricted to any particular version of the Kalman filter. It is found that this combined approach can outperform the generally used sequential data assimilation approach when the size of the catalog is substantially large.
Crystal structure of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, C22H28O2
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhai Pengda , Bai Xiaofan , Li Nan , Wu Haixia , Zhang Zhihui , He Jingyu
Published: November 2021

C22H28O2, orthorhombic, Pna21 (No. 33), a = 12.0841(9) Å, b = 16.6946(12) Å, c = 9.3837(8) Å, β = 90°, V = 1893.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0497, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1057, T = 220 K.
Approved and marketed nanoparticles for disease targeting and applications in COVID-19
Authors: Abdellatif Ahmed A. H. , Alsowinea Abdullah Fahad
Published: November 2021

Nano-based systems can be used to transport active medicinal products to specific parts of the body. Most challenges with drug delivery, such as low water solubility and poor bioavailability, can be solved using nanotechnology. In addition, nanoparticles can overcome various physiological obstacles to increase load distribution to desired sites. Nanoparticles can carry a load of medication or therapeutic agent, such as a DNA-related substance, to enhance distribution time and deliver the drug to the target site in either a nonspecific (through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)) or specific (through binding specific target receptors) manner. Moreover, nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been employed in the clinic since the early 1990s. Since then, the field of nanomedicine has developed with growing technical needs to improve the delivery of various medications. Over these past decades, newer generations of nanoparticles have emerged that are capable of conducting new delivery activities that could enable therapyviainnovative therapeutic modalities. This review highlights different types of approved and currently marketed nanoparticles, such as nanocrystals, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles, and metal-based nanoparticles. Furthermore, it explores the use of vaccine-loaded nanoparticles for COVID-19 prophylaxis.
Chemical and algological composition of the snow cover at the mouth of the Onega river (White Sea basin)
Authors: Kotova Ekaterina I. , Topchaya Victoria Yu
Published: November 2021

In the study, the content and speciation of Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe in the snow cover at the mouth of the Onega river (White Sea basin) at the end of the winter periods in 2018, 2019 and 2020 were determined. Winter 2019 year was the snowiest, as the maximum values of the snow cover depth and water equivalent were almost two times higher than in all other years. The total content of suspended matter in the snow cover was 0.2–5.5 μg/L. Increased concentrations of suspended solids were identified near highways. Mn, Cr and Ni were present in the snow cover mainly in their dissolved form, while Fe, Pb and Co were mostly contained as solids. The algological composition of the snow cover was also studied.
Diseño de una picadora de pencas de maguey y nopal
Authors: Pulido-Delgado Jose Luis , Duran García Héctor Martin , Ávila Galarza Alfredo , Vasilevich Krasnoschekova Yuri , Vladimirovna Krasotina Larisa
Published: November 2021

Se diseñó una máquina para picar penca de maguey y nopal a un tamaño de 2 a 3 cm de largo, que cumpla las condiciones de ensilaje (25% de materia seca y mínimo espacio con aire). En el desarrollo de la herramienta para la máquina de picar penca de maguey y nopal, se requirió del conocimiento de ciertas propiedades físicas de la planta, además de: realizar un adecuado análisis estático y dinámico de la interacción cuchilla-masa vegetal-sufridera. Se determinó: la fuerza de corte, la dirección de alimentación y capacidad de succión de la masa vegetal por el órgano de trabajo, así como la velocidad y potencia de corte, sin descuidar el desalojo de la masa vegetal en forma continua. Los resultados mostraron que el proceso tecnológico de la máquina cumple perfectamente con el objetivo planteado y que el tamaño del material es el adecuado para el ensilaje y consumo del ganado.
Next Generation Lab puts Denmark's past in the hands of its future
Authors: Brandt Luise Ø. , Lillemark Marie R. , Rytter Maria , Collins Matthew J. , Tøttrup Anders P.
Published: November 2021

Next Generation Lab turns large and hitherto unstudied urban assemblages of archaeological leather and bone into a laboratory learning experience for high school students. The students, in turn, provide species identifications and thus increase knowledge on medieval and Renaissance livestock exploitation and material selection by craftsmen.
A Laboratory Investigation into the Polishing Behavior of Stone Matrix Asphalt with Different Lithology Types of Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Miao Yinghao , Wang Sudi , Sun Fengyan , Yang Jun
Published: November 2021

Skid resistance durability is an important aspect of pavement durability. A full understanding of pavement polishing behavior is helpful to make improvement in material design to obtain better skid resistance durability. In this paper, the polishing behavior of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) with basalt, red sandstone, and limestone coarse aggregate, respectively, was investigated by a series of laboratory polishing tests. A British pendulum tester, a handheld three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner, and an interference principle based 3D optical microscope were employed to acquire the British pendulum number, 3D macrotexture, and 3D microtexture data, respectively. The test results show that the coarse aggregate lithology has significant influence on the wear behavior of macrotexture. No statistically significant microtexture degradation was recognized in the polishing tests for all the SMA mixtures with different lithology types of coarse aggregates. The skid resistance significantly changes due to polishing, and the skid resistance capability and degradation behavior are closely related to the coarse aggregate lithology. The selection of coarse aggregate lithology is important in SMA mixture design for achieving high polishing resistance. Among the three lithology types of coarse aggregates considered in this study, the basalt coarse aggregate can bring the best polishing resistance, followed by the red sandstone, which can bring similar performance to the basalt can do. The polishing resistance brought by limestone coarse aggregate is relatively low. The findings and conclusions enhance the understanding of the polishing behavior of SMA, which is helpful to improve the skid resistance of asphalt pavement in practice.
Repeated Administration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) Attenuates the Chronic Inflammatory Response to Experimental Stroke
Authors: Becktel Danielle A. , Zbesko Jacob C. , Frye Jennifer B. , Chung Amanda G. , Hayes Megan , Calderon Kylie , Grover Jeffrey W. , Li Anna , Garcia Frankie G. , Tavera-Garcia Marco A. , Schnellmann Rick G. , Wu Hsin-Jung Joyce , Nguyen Thuy-Vi V. , Doyle Kristian P.
Published: November 2021

Globally, more than 67 million people are living with the effects of ischemic stroke. Importantly, many stroke survivors develop a chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to cognitive impairment, a common and debilitating sequela of stroke that is insufficiently studied and currently untreatable. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is an FDA-approved cyclic oligosaccharide that can solubilize and entrap lipophilic substances. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the repeated administration of HPβCD curtails the chronic inflammatory response to stroke by reducing lipid accumulation within stroke infarcts in a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of stroke. To achieve this goal, we subcutaneously injected young adult and aged male mice with vehicle or HPβCD 3 times per week, with treatment beginning 1 week after stroke. We evaluated mice at 7 weeks following stroke using immunostaining, RNA sequencing, lipidomic, and behavioral analyses. Chronic stroke infarct and peri-infarct regions of HPβCD-treated mice were characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and a downregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, reactive astrogliosis, and chemotaxis. Correspondingly, HPβCD reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cells in stroke infarcts. Repeated administration of HPβCD also preserved NeuN immunoreactivity in the striatum and thalamus and c-Fos immunoreactivity in hippocampal regions. Additionally, HPβCD improved recovery through the protection of hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory and reduction of impulsivity. These results indicate that systemic HPβCD treatment following stroke attenuates chronic inflammation and secondary neurodegeneration and prevents poststroke cognitive decline.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDementia is a common and debilitating sequela of stroke. Currently, there are no available treatments for poststroke dementia. Our study shows that lipid metabolism is disrupted in chronic stroke infarcts, which causes an accumulation of uncleared lipid debris and correlates with a chronic inflammatory response. To our knowledge, these substantial changes in lipid homeostasis have not been previously recognized or investigated in the context of ischemic stroke. We also provide a proof of principle that solubilizing and entrapping lipophilic substances using HPβCD could be an effective strategy for treating chronic inflammation after stroke and other CNS injuries. We propose that using HPβCD for the prevention of poststroke dementia could improve recovery and increase long-term quality of life in stroke sufferers.
Embryonic Pericytes Promote Microglial Homeostasis and Their Effects on Neural Progenitors in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Hattori Yuki , Itoh Haruka , Tsugawa Yoji , Nishida Yusuke , Kurata Kaori , Uemura Akiyoshi , Miyata Takaki
Published: November 2021

Multifaceted microglial functions in the developing brain, such as promoting the differentiation of neural progenitors and contributing to the positioning and survival of neurons, have been progressively revealed. Although previous studies have noted the relationship between vascular endothelial cells and microglia in the developing brain, little attention has been given to the importance of pericytes, the mural cells surrounding endothelial cells. In this study, we attempted to dissect the role of pericytes in microglial distribution and function in developing mouse brains. Our immunohistochemical analysis showed that approximately half of the microglia attached to capillaries in the cerebral walls. Notably, a magnified observation of the position of microglia, vascular endothelial cells and pericytes demonstrated that microglia were preferentially associated with pericytes that covered 79.8% of the total capillary surface area. Throughin vivopericyte depletion induced by the intraventricular administration of a neutralizing antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)β (clone APB5), we found that microglial density was markedly decreased compared with that in control antibody-treated brains because of their low proliferative capacity. Moreover,in vitrococulture of isolated CD11b+microglia and NG2+PDGFRα–cells, which are mostly composed of pericytes, from parenchymal cells indicated that pericytes promote microglial proliferation via the production of soluble factors. Furthermore, pericyte depletion by APB5 treatment resulted in a failure of microglia to promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into intermediate progenitors. Taken together, our findings suggest that pericytes facilitate microglial homeostasis in the developing brains, thereby indirectly supporting microglial effects on neural progenitors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study highlights the novel effect of pericytes on microglia in the developing mouse brain. Through multiple analyses using anin vivopericyte depletion mouse model and anin vitrococulture study of isolated pericytes and microglia from parenchymal cells, we demonstrated that pericytes contribute to microglial proliferation and support microglia in efficiently promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells into intermediate progenitors. Our present data provide evidence that pericytes function not only in the maintenance of cerebral microcirculation and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity but also in microglial homeostasis in the developing cerebral walls. These findings will expand our knowledge and help elucidate the mechanism of brain development both in healthy and disease conditions.
Forging Nationalism Through Heritage in Oman
Authors: Sachedina Amal
Published: November 2021

During his five-decade reign, Sultan Qaboos bin Said relied on heritage as a key tool for nation-building. Old forts and objects central to Omani traditional culture like the coffee urn and the ceremonial dagger became symbols of a unifying national ethos. At the same time, their former political significance was downplayed. But some Omanis have held onto memories of a different conception of the past. And now, after the sultan’s death in 2020, heritage is becoming more of a privatized business sector.
Perils of Turkey’s Urban Wilderness in the 1970s and After
Authors: Başci Pelin
Published: November 2021

A graphic novel written by a noted scholar contributes to a recent opening in Turkish culture for revisiting the era of the country’s 1980 coup, previously a taboo subject. The book evokes a time of political violence and student unrest and idealism, before a turn to repression and neoliberal capitalism.
Cinematic Independence: Constructing the Big Screen in Nigeria
Authors: Tsika Noah
Published: November 2021

Cinematic Independence traces the emergence, demise, and rebirth of big-screen film exhibition in Nigeria. Film companies flocked to Nigeria in the years following independence, beginning a long history of interventions by Hollywood and corporate America. The 1980s and 1990s saw a shuttering of cinemas, which were almost entirely replaced by television and direct-to-video movies. However, after 1999, the exhibition sector was revitalized with the construction of multiplexes. Cinematic Independence is about the periods that straddle this disappearing act: the immediate decades bracketing independence in 1960, and the years after 1999. At stake is the Nigerian postcolony’s role in global debates about the future of the movie theater. That it was eventually resurrected in the flashy form of the multiplex is not simply an achievement of commercial real estate, but also a testament to cinema’s persistence—its capacity to stave off annihilation or, in this case, come back from the dead.
La formación en salud y seguridad del profesorado para la gestión de centros educativos seguros y saludables
Authors: Díaz-Vicario Anna , Gairín Sallán Joaquín
Published: November 2021

Tal y como nos recuerdan la WHO y la UNESCO (2021), la educación y la salud son derechos humanos fundamentales y esenciales que, junto con la necesidad de seguridad y protección, garantizan el desarrollo económico y social. Contar con centros educativos seguros y saludables como espacios donde se promueva y proteja la seguridad y la salud es una cuestión que nadie discute, pues la escuela desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las habilidades para la vida. Ahora más que nunca, y tal y como se ha puesto de manifiesto con la situación generada por el virus COVID19, es importante que las escuelas contribuyan al bienestar en un entorno de aprendizaje seguro y saludable para todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa. La creación y gestión de centros seguros y saludables requiere de la puesta en marcha de mecanismos y recursos, así como de la implicación de los equipos directivos y profesorado, sólo posible si cuentan con la formación y herramientas necesarias para ello. La presente aportación analiza, en este contexto, la importancia de la formación del profesorado no universitario, principalmente de educación infantil y primaria, para logar su alfabetización en cuestiones de seguridad y salud escolar, proponiendo un decálogo de competencias e indicadores/estándares de actuación para la gestión de centros seguros y saludables.
Alfabetización en salud en la escuela
Authors: Gavidia Catalán Valentín
Published: November 2021

La idea de Alfabetización en Salud está formada por dos términos que se encuentran en continua evolución: Alfabetización y Salud, lo que nos da pistas para entender la complejidad del concepto. La Alfabetización ha pasado de entenderse como algo básico, la capacidad de leer y escribir, a poder expresar e intercambiar pensamientos, técnicas, sentimientos, usando leguajes variados. La Salud ha evolucionado desde una visión individual a entenderla de forma comunitaria en la que el medio ambiente tiene una gran relevancia. Esto ha significado un cambio importante en la Educación para la Salud en la Escuela, dejando de lado el uso de la información para obtener cambios de conducta, a introducir la investigación de los factores que intervienen en los comportamientos, para que el alumnado pueda tomar decisiones libres e informadas, al tiempo que se procura influir en el entorno para que sean más fáciles de adoptar las más saludables.
Alfabetización en salud en la comunidad
Authors: Juvinyà-Canal Dolors
Published: November 2021

Este articulo trata sobre la alfabetización en salud en la comunidad.  En primer lugar se clarifica que se entiende  la salud como  un derecho de todos los seres humanos y tiene que ser sostenida por la sociedad. Se introduce la promoción de la salud como enfoque teniendo en cuenta que se define como un proceso que permite a las personas incrementar el control sobre su salud y la importancia de la alfabetización en salud como uno de los pilares básicos.

Se desarrolla el concepto de alfabetización en salud a partir de múltiples definiciones, se revisan algunas por su significación y se recogen tres elementos claves a partir del análisis de la mayoría de ellas. Se reconoce que el concepto es multidimensional, complejo y heterogéneo. Se recopilan los conocimientos sobre el tema a partir de los estudios realizados.

Se presentan algunos de los instrumentos para la medida de la alfabetización en salud.

Por su relevancia en el contexto europeo se presenta el modelo de Sorensen y su desarrollo en el cuestionario European Health Literacy Survey que permitió conocer el nivel de alfabetización en salud en ocho países europeos.

Finalmente se introducen los entornos saludables como estrategia para facilitar la alfabetización en salud de las personas en la comunidad y se comentan los aspectos más relevantes de cada uno de ellos.
Profit rates and assets-price inflation in the Spanish economy
Authors: Mateo Tomé Juan Pablo , Nieto Ferrández Maximiliano Francisco
Published: November 2021

The paper provides an in-depth analysis of profitability in Spain between 1995 and 2014, showing that behind the asset-price inflation of the growth period and its corresponding macroeconomic imbalances, an underlying problem of capital valorization can be found. For this purpose, a study of various measures of profitability is carried out based on the concept of productive labor and highlighting the role of finance (interest rates and indebtedness). The evolution of the profit rate in previous years is also shown , together with a comparison with countries in the Eurozone, both in the most advanced areas and in the periphery. The paper reveals the large extent of the underlying profitability crisis, with a huge fall of profit rates from the late sixties, during the period of the housing boom, and throughout the subsequent recession. In addition, this drop in profitability stands out in relation to other economies of the European periphery. Hence, the study puts the rate of profit at the center of the debate on the Great Recession in Spain, despite its absence in much of the economic literature.
Análisis de estabilidad de la banca extranjera en España. Correlación con el ciclo económico y con el comercio exterior
Authors: Corrás-Arias Manuel Angel
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio del grado de estabilidad, así como de las pautas de establecimiento, de la banca extranjera (BE) instalada en España y su correlación con el ciclo económico y con el volumen de comercio exterior. Los resultados se detallan por forma jurídica e indican que la BE ha conseguido un alto grado de estabilidad para un elevado número de instituciones, especialmente en la forma jurídica de sucursales, y bajos índices de rotación entre entidades, especialmente en la forma jurídica de filiales. Los modelos de regresión de series temporales revelan que la estabilidad de la BE se asocia con el grado de apertura al comercio exterior y en su detalle por forma jurídica, tanto en las filiales como en las sucursales, también con el ciclo económico. Por último, el test de análisis de series temporales muestra la existencia de un cambio estructural en los años 2012 y 2013, indicando la resiliencia de la BE instalada en España a los impactos de la crisis.
A Human Experience (HX) Perspective on Emotional Labor and Service: Building a Service Climate on a Foundation of Authenticity and Justice
Authors: Bowen David E.
Published: November 2021

This article seeks to broaden emotional labor research through the lens of a Human Experience (HX) perspective, in contrast to either an Employee (EX) or a Customer (CX) perspective. In services, an HX perspective explicitly acknowledges that both employees and customers are humans with the same set of basic human needs to gratify in their Moment of Truth (MOT) interactions. The focus here is on both parties’ needs for authenticity and justice. This HX perspective is applied here to guide integrating emotional labor dynamics and scholarship into a service climate research framework (Bowen and Schneider 2014). The emotional labor focus on employees helps balance the stronger focus on the customer in the service literature. An agenda for future research on the HX perspective is outlined, including the study of emotional labor in underdeveloped areas of the world where the human experience of both those who serve and those served can be unbearable.
Analysis of Some Approaches to Modeling Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Using Polynomial Operators
Authors:   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Verlan A.F. , Mitko L.O. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dyachuk O.A. ,   G.E. Pukhov Institute for Modelling in Energy Engineering National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The problem of mathematical description of nonlinear dynamical systems remains relevant today, especially given the need to build modern surveillance systems for complex technical objects, such as power plants. The use of polynomial operators obtained with the help of shortened Volterra series to solve this problem, as practice has shown, proved to be promising, because this method allows to display in the mathematical model both nonlinear and dynamic properties of systems. For further development of the method, it is advisable to analyze diffe­rent approaches in order to build effective algorithms for obtaining and applying in the problems of monitoring the functioning of nonlinear systems.