bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning System for Analysis and Radiological Diagnosis of Digital Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Khanom Mehrunnissa , Iqbal Aseef , Hoque Afroza , Jeenia Fatiha Tasmin , Uddin Muslim
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Medicine is identified as one of the most promising field of application for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The current research presents development and validation of a machine learning system to diagnose chest x-ray images with higher accuracy.
Methodology: It was a multi-cantered, experimental study conducted from 01 July, 2021 to 30 June, 2022. The experiment was a two-step process; in the first step, a machine learning system (MLS) was developed through training, testing and tuning a specialised computer hardware & software utilising 5600 chest X ray images from NIH (National Institute of Health) chest X ray dataset. In the second step, 500 unseen chest X ray images from study centres were allowed to be diagnosed by the machine learning system and results were compared with expert opinions.
Result: After the system was developed, validation was done on 3 different variations of Deep Residual Network and tested for their accuracy in classifying the findings. Using ResNet50V2, an average accuracy of 84.37%% was achieved. With case-specific variation, highest accuracy was 94.84%, highest specificity was 97.23% and highest sensitivity was 88.25%.
Conclusion: With utilisation of this machine learning system, a faster radiological diagnosis of huge number of X ray images will become possible using only a small computer. Dependency on manpower, logistic support as well as rate of human-made errors can be minimised. However, this machine is never meant to replace an expert human opinion and it can never think beyond the box.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 112-118
Proton Pump Inhibitors Usage Among Discharged Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital- An Observational Study
Authors: Ahmed Akhlak , Akter Benojeer , Naby Md Mahmudun , Rahman Md Romanur , Hossain Syed Zakir
Published: July 2023

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have reportedly been used in inappropriate clinical settings, often leading to an increased risk of adverse effects, drug interactions, and costs. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of PPI prescription on discharge of patients in medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done for 3 months in the department of medicine in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the indications of PPI use, appropriateness of PPI use and types of PPI prescribed. A total of 107 patients who were prescribed PPI on discharge were enrolled after written informed consent and data were collected in a structured questionnaire.
Results: Among the 107 patients discharged, 64 were males and 43 were females. The mean age was 51.3 ±17.6 (SD) years.Among the study population, 49 were appropriately prescribed PPI and 58 were inappropriately prescribed PPI. Regarding indications, 53.1% received PPI for prevention of anti-platelet induced gastric erosion and 18.9% were prescribed PPI for no apparent reason. Age (p=0.199) and gender (p=0.605) was not significantly associated with the appropriate prescription of PPI.Of the various preparations of PPI prescribed, esomeprazole was prescribed in most of the discharged patients (56%).
Conclusion: this study demonstrates the existence of an over-prescription of PPI. PPI prescription needs to be improved, thereby reducing drug interactions, adverse effects and unnecessary economical expenses.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 125-130
Exploring the Bone Mineral Density of Health Professionals of Medical College by Using Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound
Authors: Shamsu Uddin Abu Muhammad , Rahman Hafizur , Barua Shangkar , Alam Mohammed Nurul , Amin Umme Salma , Hussain Md Farhad , Ali Md Ayub
Published: July 2023

Background: Osteoporosis, an important cause of fracture in Bangladesh is a highly unrecognized and unaddressed issue among health professionals. Osteoporosis means low bone mineral density (BMD) and screening is not done routinely to diagnose it. Moreover, the prevalence of low BMD among Health professionals in the country is not well known. To prevent osteoporosis-induced fracture it demands more attention to early detection, prevention, and treatment.
Objectives: The present study was carried out to assess the bone mineral status of health professionals of Cox’s Bazar medical college and also to find out the correlation with age, sex, Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and physical activity by using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Materials and Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that has been done at Cox’s Bazar Medical College.
Result: The total number of participants was 267 which were screened by using a calcaneal ultrasound heel bone densitometer. Among them 190 were female and 77 were male. The majority of the health professionals 237(88.76%) were below 45 years. Mostly, 194(72.66%) participants had normal BMD, 73(27.34%) participants were in osteopenia and none of them were osteoporotic. Among those above 45 years old study people, nearly half 14(46.67%) were osteopenic, and for ages below 45 years of health professionals, only 59(24.89%) were osteopenic. Out of 77 male participants, 15(19.48%) were osteopenic and out of 190 female participants, 58(30.53%) were osteopenic. Out of the total 267 study people, 81(30.34%) agreed to take calcium and vitamin-D supplementation with significant p-value = 0.003 whereas 32(39.51%) participants were in the osteopenic stage and 49(60.49%) had healthy bony status. The number of using Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation was high, which may be due to positive answers from particular participants like the elderly and health care supporting staff. In our study 120(44.94%) participants did exercise but mostly irregularly, and 147(55.06%) did not do exercise. Out of 120(44.94%) participants doing regular exercise 37(30.83%) were osteopenic and the rest of 83 (69.17%) health professionals were in normal BMD.
Conclusion: Among the health care professionals, osteopenia is not uncommon and regular exercise practice and rational Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation may be preventive for osteoporosis.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 131-134
Endoscopic Features of Chronic Liver Disease Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Siddiqua Ayesha , Rishad Mahbub Mayukh , Noor Nawsabah , Reza Ishrat Binte , Das Aparna , Ahasan H A M Nazmul
Published: July 2023

Background: Chronic liver disease is a major burden with increased rates of morbidity & mortality worldwide. The role of endoscopy in liver disease is both diagnostic and interventional and a key to achieving a better outcome for the disease. Multiple presentations of CLD can be found at endoscopic evaluation. This study aimed at evaluation of the pattern of presentation of the endoscopic features of the admitted patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 100 adult patients of Chronic Liver Disease in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from 1st of July 2019 to 31st of December 2019. After getting written informed consent, a detailed history, clinical examination, relevant investigations and upper GI endoscopy was carried out in each patient. All the methods in the present study were carried out following the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. Data were recorded in separated case record form and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 26.
Results: Our study found that majority (43%) of the patients were aged between 41 to 50 years; 69% were male & 31% female. Mostly Hepatitis B virus infection was the etiology. The commonest (38%) endoscopic finding being the presence of both esophageal & gastric varices along with Grade III varices encompassing the largest entity (63.4%).
Conclusion: More than half of the patients with gastro-esophageal varies has Grade III varices putting them in higher risk of morbidity and mortality.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 135-138
Thyroiditis- A Challenging Case Report that Used PET-CT for Definitive Diagnosis in a Non-COVID Patient During COVID-19 Pandemicc
Authors: Sethuraman Raghuraman M , Venkatraman Indiran , P Shanthi
Published: July 2023

A whole-body PET scan coupled with contrast-enhanced CT was performed on a 45-year-old woman with persistent fever for 3 weeks. This was performed to make a definitive diagnosis in a few hours as an out-patient itself to avoid admission / frequent visits to the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic for this non-COVID patient. Although step-wise investigations such as ultrasound, thyroid antibodies, and biopsy would be ideal and devoid of radiation, other co-existing causes for fever if any (malignancy, other non-infectious causes) might have been missed. Therefore, in addition to confirming the clinical diagnosis (Thyroiditis), whole-body PET-CT helped to rule out other causes of fever of 3-week duration. Therefore, we wish to highlight the unique approach that we adopted here due to the restrictions on admissions during the pandemic for this non-COVID patient.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 152-154
Autosomal Recessive Congenital Icthyosis with Cataract – A Case Report from Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Nida , Arif Afreen Muhammad , Nasir Sharmeen , Aslam Fariha
Published: July 2023

The ichthyoses are a diverse group of disorders with variable clinical presentations. There are syndromic and non-syndromic forms with multiple associated features. The association of autosomal recessive congenital icthyosis (ARCI) with cataract is a rare phenomenon and no such case has been reported in recent literature. We hereby report the case of a 5-year-old female patient, a product of consanguineous marriage, who presented to the pediatric department of Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan, with the complaint of rough skin with scaling and peeling over the entire body since birth due to congenital icthyosis. Shefurther developed complaints of reduced vision which later was diagnosed as cataract. Her previous two siblings had similar illness and they expired. Widespread scaling is the defining feature of ichthyosis specifically when it comes to ARCI it manifests at birth and can later progress to any spectra of illness. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of such patient.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 155-157
A Young Lady with Quadriparesis
Authors: Siddiqua Ayesha , Quddus Ruhul , Tahseen Homayra , Akter Sharmin
Published: July 2023

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease, causing multifocal CNS inflammation affecting the optic nerves & spinal cord. In the 20th century, ‘Devics disease’ was considered as a variant of Multiple sclerosis(MS) that spared the brain. However, the discovery of IgG-class antibodies that bind to the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) in serum from patients with Devic’s disease, but not from those with typical MS, established NMO as a distinct entity with a chronic, relapsing course. Our patient, a 42-year-old woman has been suffering from vomiting for 2 months followed by inability to move all extremities for last 7 days. It was the very 1st episode of such type of illness. We are reporting this case to highlight the presentation of NMOSD, which is itself a rare disease, outcropped as ‘Area postrema syndrome’, an inaugural manifestation in this patient.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 158-161
Postherpetic Neuralgia Induced Asystole - A Deadly Consequence of a Common Disease
Authors: Mohan Ayesha , Hoque Farzana
Published: July 2023

Postherpetic neuralgia is a well-studied and somewhat common sequala of herpes zoster leading to intense pain episodes. Pain-induced vasovagal episodes can rarely lead to asystole, which is a fatal potential complication. It is crucial to have a high clinical suspicion of asystole when a patient presents with severe herpetic neuralgia leading to syncope. This is a unique cause of a 67-year-old Caucasian female who presented with syncope caused by severe postherpetic neuralgia with the eventual finding of pain-induced asystole episodes.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 162-165
An Expatriate from Saudi Arabia with Papulo-nodular Rash and Blisters for Two Years
Authors: Sabah Sadia , Hossain Zazeba , Rahman Md Sadiqur , Hannan Tabiha Binte , Johora Fatema Tuzz , Masum Md , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi
Published: July 2023

Bangladesh is non endemic for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Rarely, we come across such cases in workers returning from Middle east particularly Saudi Arabia. Recently we found and managed a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 37 year old male returning from Saudi Arabia with a lesion behind his left ankle joint. Although Sodium Stibogluconate is the first choice of drug to treat CL, it is not available in Bangladesh. He was managed successfully with Liposomal Amphotericin B. High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose such case without any delay.
J MEDICINE 2023; 24(2): 167-168
UNLOCKING MOTIVATION AND ENGAGEMENT: DEVELOPING A VALIDATED SCALE TO MEASURE LEARNING LEVELS IN EARLY ADOLESCENTS FROM LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISTRICTS IN SRI LANKA
Authors: K.D.R.L.J. PERERA
Published: July 2023

This study tried to find out the levels of motivation and engagement among early adolescents. Motivation and Engagement Scale-Junior School (MES-JS) was employed to collect data and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to measure the construct validity of the scale in relation to two low socio-economic districts. But it did not give a robust factor solution. Then, it was decided to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA). This paper aimed to investigate the EFA procedures conducted to derive a robust factor solution. MES-JS was administered among 100 Sinhala and 100 Tamil-medium eighth grade students (50 students from each gender) selected through the stratified random sampling method. Schools were represented by type 2 government schools which have the lowest achievement rates located in the Monaragala and Nuwara Eliya districts in Sri Lanka because they represented low socio-economic districts in Sri Lanka. The stratum used to select the students was based on the students’ ethnicity, gender, and the number of classes in Grade 8 in each school. This study used the PCA method of extraction to determine the final factor solution. The method used was the scree test in combination with eigenvalues to decide the number of factors to retain. The EFA analyses derived four factors in relation to early adolescents’ motivation and engagement in learning in two low socio-economic Sri Lankan districts. With an accurate and useful description of the underlying construct and with the theoretical meaning of the items in those factors, factors were named as “Failure Avoidance and Anxiety” (FAA), “Positive Motivation” (PM), “Uncertain Control” (UC), and “Positive Engagement” (PE). Further analyses should be employed using these newly derived factors to identify low socio-economic Sri Lankan early adolescents’ motivation and engagement in learning. Accordingly, those identified four factors will contribute to understand of motivation and engagement among early adolescents in low socio-economic districts as those were derived considering the characteristics of those students through the EFA.
PENTERJEMAHAN KARYA SASTERA MELAYU OLEH INSTITUT TERJEMAHAN & BUKU MALAYSIA [THE TRANSLATION OF MALAY LITERARY WORKS BY INSTITUT TERJEMAHAN & BUKU MALAYSIA]
Authors: ZULKIPLI NOR IDATUL AKMAR , HAROON HASLINA
Published: July 2023

This article documents the publication of Malay literary works translated into foreign languages in Malaysia by the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books from 1993 until 2018. This study uses the translation archeology method by D'hulst to obtain information about (i) translated literary works, (ii) parties involved, (iii) translation funding, (iv) method of translation and (v) function of translated literary works for the audience. The results show that the publication of Malay literary works into foreign languages only started in 2006. The publication of Malay Literature in foreign languages is divided into two categories – National Literature and Children's Literature. Within 25 years, 263 titles have been published in 12 foreign languages. The highest publication titles were translated from Malay into English, with 167 titles. There were 120 translators involved in this publication; 41 were native speakers (L1), while 79 were non-native speakers (L2). The most translated work by a Malaysian writer into foreign languages ​​is A. Samad Said for the National Literature category, while Rahimidin Zahari's work is the most translated for Children's Literature. The publication of Malay literary works into foreign languages was funded by ten international publishers using a cost-sharing strategy that included Germany, Japan, and Taiwan. This study implies that the documentation using this archaeological translation method can provide a complete picture of Malaysia's history, development, and translation activity.
UḶAVIḺIPPUṆARVU PAṞṞIYA AUTTA ISLĀMIYA KALANTURAIYĀṬAL: ŌR PAKUPPĀYVU [A STUDY ON RIGHT MINDFULNESS IN THE VIEWS OF BUDDHISM AND ISLAM: AN ANALYSIS]
Authors: MOHAMED ASHATH  , FATHUMA AFRA  , MOHAMMED HAFEES MOHAMMED SHAREEF
Published: July 2023

A crucial component of our complex human life is right mindfulness. People want to live calm lifestyles by practising proper mindfulness. People who practise certain religions employ a variety of peaceful living techniques to keep the proper mindfulness.The major world religions—Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism—provided a variety of instructions on how to practise mindfulness appropriately depending on the times and circumstances. In order to improve interreligious understanding between Buddhists and Muslims, it is worthwhile to analyse and compare the concept of right mindfulness through the lenses of Buddhism and Islam. This study is qualitative and uses descriptive and comparative analysis based on primary and secondary sources. Through this study, it is highlighted that the right mindfulness can be developed through religious’ practices, (Sammasati of Buddhism and Tarkis Kamil of Islam). Although Buddhism and Islam are two different religions, there are theoretical commonalities that can be used for interreligious initiatives between Buddhists and Muslims. Therefore, the researchers believe that by identifying commonalities between ideas like right mindfulness, the study will open the door to interreligious understanding.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN NOVELS: THE EXAMPLE OF MARAH RUSLI’S ANAK DAN KEMENAKAN [CHILDREN AND NEPHEWS]
Authors: STARK ALEXANDER , ZAKARIA KHUZAITON , BAHARUDDIN KHAIRUL HISYAM
Published: July 2023

In this article, the researchers want to find out whether novels written by local authors can be a source of anthropological knowledge. The researchers analysed the novel Anak dan Kemenakan [Children and Nephews], that was written by Marah Rusli. The main objectives were to find out what kind of anthropological knowledge it contains and whether it can be an anthropological source. It was detected that it gives a good impression of the Minangkabau kinship system. Furthermore, the novel also includes anthropological knowledge that describes part of the Minangkabau culture in West Sumatra, like the culture-specific terminology or the importance of discussing in order to achieve a consensus. The researchers concluded that the book Anak dan Kemenakan describes the cultural situation of West Sumatra at the beginning of the 20th century. Furthermore, Marah Rusli used the perspective of the upper class during that time.
EDUCATORS’ PERSPECTIVE ON THE INNOVATION OF MORAL EDUCATION TEXTBOOKS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE SOCIETY
Authors: SOLUMUTHU KOGINDRAN , THAMBU NADARAJAN , KRISHTA THEVANEYAN
Published: July 2023

Moral Education is a core subject in the education system in Malaysia. Textbooks are published when the new curriculum is implemented consistently from the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) era until now in Standard Based Curriculum for Secondary Schools (KSSM) era. In order to ensure a quality KSSM Moral Education learning and teaching process, the content of the textbook should have a positive impact. The study using a qualitative approach was used to refine some necessary improvement suggestions from the aspect of moral development theory, the aspect of 21st century learning and the aspect of higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Moral Education teachers who teach in national secondary schools. The findings of the study suggesting new strategy by introducing theory-based content using five moral development theories as a part of moral education content, three suggestions for improvement in the pedagogical aspect of 21st century learning and five suggestions for improvement in the evaluation aspect through higher order thinking skills (HOTS). This proposal offers a positive paradigm not only to the main elements of the curriculum, namely content elements, pedagogical elements and holistic assessment elements but generally to face the challenges in Moral Education for our future society.
REKA BENTUK PEDAGOGI RESPONSIF BUDAYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN MORAL: PENILAIAN INOVASI KALENDAR KEBUDAYAAN [DESIGNING A CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE PEDAGOGY IN MORAL EDUCATION: AN EVALUATION OF A CULTURAL CALENDAR INNOVATION]
Authors: SANTAT SARANJA , TAN BEE PIANG
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explain the importance of using a cultural calendar in the teaching and learning process of the subject of Moral Education. Through this importance, the study will shape a cultural calendar by applying local cultures from various ethnic groups in Malaysia. The study also assesses the usability of the cultural calendar in teaching the subject of Moral Education. A qualitative approach with the Design and Development Research (DDR) design was used in this study. The selection of study subjects was conducted through sampling, with the aim of involving 6 trainee teachers majoring in Moral Education who had undergone Teaching Practice. Interview protocol was used as research instrument to collect data. The data was analyzed by adapting three phases in the Design and Development Research (DDR) Model, with the first phase being Needs Analysis, the second phase being Design and Development, and the third phase being Evaluation. The results of the study showed that the respondents had a high awareness of the importance of applying local cultures in teaching and learning process. In terms of the design of the calendar, the findings showed that the majority of respondents wanted the calendar to focus on exposing the cultures of minority ethnic groups without neglecting the cultures of the other main ethnic groups in the country. The findings also showed that the cultural calendar produced was attractive, relevant. The study's conclusion demonstrated that the production of this cultural calendar has provided comprehensive training to teachers on how to practice culturally responsive pedagogy in Moral Education classes, resulting in a direct impact on students. As a result, students have become more confident and prouder of their identities, motivating themselves to learn more.
Clean Energy as an Alternative: Identification of Factors Determining the Willingness of Slum Dwellers
Authors: Sherwani Rummana , Abdul Waheed  , Gulzar Saima
Published: July 2023

Increasing trends towards globalization and modern lifestyle are going to deplete, energy resources rapidly. Increasing trends towards energy use directly harness the environment and ecosystem of the earth, depicting that energy will be one of the most important future problems of the world. Clean and sustainable energy alternatives are required to meet this demand in order to combat the antagonistic environmental problems. Renewable energy sources have the potential to fulfill the energy gaps without affecting the ecosystem and the greenhouse gases emittance. The transformation of people causes the generation and creation of slum areas in the cities due to ever-increasing urbanization. Presently around one billion people are residing in slum areas. Most slum dwellers are found in less economically developed countries, which makes it 30% of the total population. The inhabitants of slum dwellers are more likely to be increased by two billion by 2030 and to three billion by 2050. Pakistan is facing a severe energy deficiency. The energy gap between energy supply and demand is widening with time. Limited fossil fuel resources allow the country to import nonrenewable energy resources to fill this gap. Gas connection problems and energy shortfalls compel urban households to use nonrenewable energy resources. The need of the hour is to diversify the energy resources like biogas, hydropower, solar, and wind to overcome the energy shortfall in the country. Fossil fuel usage for an energy source in households is the major cause of environmental degradation in urban households. Owed to bad smoke and insufficient ventilation, health-related problems like respiratory issues, stomach problems, and other contagious diseases are associated. The smoke that is caused by the combustion of biofuels impacts residents health badly, especially respiratory problems. The primitive aim of this research is an assessment of energy sources being used and to dig out reasons for their impacts on the health conditions of residents of slum dwellers in Pakistan stratified random sampling is used for data collection and correlation analysis was performed to find out the result.
Load Balancing of Cloud Computing Service Model Empowered with Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Shirazi Syed Atir Raza , Khan Abdul Hannan , Rasool Shahid , Anwar Aqsa , Ammar Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, cloud computing is a growing field in research and the marketplace, including virtualization, internet service, computer software, and web services. A cloud comprises multiple elements like a consumer's data center and servers. It provides high availability, efficiency, scalability, mobility, fault tolerance, decreased overhead of users, reduced expenses of ownership, on-demand services, etc. A Variety Of users need various Quality of Service (QoS) demands. Therefore, the cloud supplier needs to arrange the tasks to get maximum advantages regarding their services, and the consumer's quality of service demands are satisfied. Currently, the need for cloud is increasing day by day, people moved towards cloud simultaneously, so its scale is up that's why the service providers are required to deal with enormous requests. The biggest challenge is the availability of services and maintaining the performance equivalent or more effective whenever workload occurs. Multiple requests are processed simultaneously; that's why the workload increased. The load balancer uses to resolve that issue. Our research shows how to balance the load in a cloud environment using fuzzy logic. The processor speed, storage capacity, and assigned load of Virtual Machine (VM) utilize to balance the load in cloud computing through fuzzy logic to achieve better processing time and storage utilization.
Comparative Analysis of Classical and Neural Networks based ChatBot’s Techniques
Authors: Khan Imran ullah , Javed Junaid , Sajid Ahthasham , Shahnoor  , Tabassum Iqra
Published: July 2023

Conversational agents like Alexa from Amazon, Siri from Apple, Assistant from Google, and Cortana from Microsoft demonstrate extraordinary research and potential in conversational agents. A conversational agent, chatter-bot, or chatbot is a piece of computer software supposed to communicate at a level of intelligence comparable to a person's. Chatbots are designed for various purposes, such as task-oriented helpers and creators of open-ended discourse. Numerous approaches have been studied, from primitive types of hard-coded response generators to contemporary ways of constructing artificial intelligence. These are classified as rule-based or neural network-based systems. Unlike the rule-based technique, which is based on pre-defined templates and responses, the neural network approach is based on deep learning models. Rule-based communication is optimal for more straightforward, task-oriented conversations. Open-domain conversational modeling is a more complicated topic that depends heavily on neural network techniques. This article begins with an overview of chatbots before diving into the specifics of a variety of traditional, rule-based, and neural network-based methods. A table summarising previous field research closes the survey. It looks at the most recent and vital research on the subject, the evaluation instruments used areas for improvement, and the applicability of the proposed methods.
Municipal Solid Waste Management using GIS Analysis: A Case Study of Sehwan City
Authors: Das Gopal , Talpur Mir Aftab Hussain , Komal  , Chandio Imtiaz Ahmed
Published: July 2023

One of the fundamental issues of the 21st century, and one of the key tasks of a municipal administration is to manage solid waste effectively and efficiently. Cities are developing extremely, and the issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is becoming critical, as a result of the growth in quantity and complexity of generated waste and the shortage of land for its disposal. By 2050, the world's waste creation will have more than doubled the rate of population increase. The area is mostly residential, and most of the solid waste is created in the home, such as food and vegetable waste. There are few bins places in Sehwan city and those are not placed at the proper location, due to this reason inhabitants of the city are throwing their municipal waste on the street sides and vacant plots. The research aim of the study was to develop a GIS technology. This research contained three objectives, to Identify the existing municipal solid waste management condition and their effect on different factors such as health and the environment, to Reallocation of waste collection bins in the study area using GIS buffer analysis, and to propose a route plan for the collection of municipal solid waste using GIS network analysis. Furthermore, based on GIS technology, this work provides a framework for optimizing the waste collection and transportation system. The result showed that the misplacement of waste bins the Sehwan city can affect the environment, waste laying around the bins cause land pollution, and also municipal waste on road, affects the health of people. More than 82% of the inhabitants are unsatisfied with the management of the solid waste disposal system in the study area also 90% of residents are suffered from different diseases. This study will help the planner and authorities cope with the issues of municipal solid waste. Municipal authorities need to follow technologies and research studies for solving the solid waste issues of local peoples’ in their city.
Application of Time-Frequency Analysis with Selection of Suitable Mother Wavelets for Transient States of HVDC Transmission Lines
Authors: Chachar Muhammad Tarique , Memon Aslam Pervez , Ansari Jamshed Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Recent developments in power semiconductor devices have made High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems the most crucial technology for future power systems. Today several HVDC projects have been commissioned around the world. The primary concern for such an advanced HVDC grid is to follow standard grid codes to maintain the safety and stability of the electrical equipment during transient and dynamic circumstances. Although the HVDC system has been recognized as the most prominent technology to transmit electric power, some issues must be addressed, such as selective and quick detection of faults. For selective fault detection, it is essential to look into the several fault detection strategies that fortify the HVDC system with time-frequency signal processing techniques. This research uses a time frequency-based method to identify the different HVDC transmission line faults. The most suitable mother wavelet for various transient states is selected by analyzing fault voltage and current signals based on variance, standard deviation, and range parameters. An experimental setup of a thyristor-based HVDC transmission system has been developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and multiple fault scenarios have been analyzed. The simulation outcomes reveal that the most effective mother wavelet for detecting DC line, symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults occurs at the 6th level of fault signal decomposition. By examining current and voltage signals, our work has determined the best mother wavelet for various faults. Using more than one mother wavelet to detect faults is more reliable than using a single mother wavelet to detect all faults. Additionally, it has been noted that each fault's voltage and current signals have two distinct mother wavelets.
Assessment of Global Wind Power Generation at Jhimpir Pakistan-A Case Study
Authors: Soomro Abdul Hameed , Abbasi Maryam , Saira Umer  , Shaikh Eman
Published: July 2023

Energy is the key mover for any country’s development. In today’s era, the demand for energy is rapidly increasing and the cost of power is also increasing due to the lack of fossil fuels (coal, gas, and oil). To overcome the increasing demand and worst crises of non-renewable energy resources, the present solution is to move towards renewable energy. Sindh is a province of Pakistan that has the immense capability and prospect of neat and green energy production. The major locations for renewable energy resources are found in the city of Jhimpir, for wind power, in the district of Thatta, Sindh. Wind power generation is clean, eco-friendly, and easily maintainable. Different power companies are intensively taking part in investments to enhance wind generation and overcome the shortage of power in Pakistan. One of the quick promoting renewable energy is wind energy which is founded on freely available natural resources, in Jhimpir Sindh. This study aims to initiate the wind power analysis, total generating capacity, present scenario, and for wind energy present at different sites in Thatta Jhimpir. The comparison between daily data with six-hour data is carried out through statistical analysis at 10m to calculate the wind speed and direction. The private company has carried out the survey to measure the wind speed and compared data from the analysis, reanalysis,and forecast datasets. The geographical location where the mast was installed is 25.1330 N and 67.9950 E. The mast consists of five anemometers for wind speed measurement such as 85m, 60m, 30m, and 10m, and two wind vanes of 83.5m, and 28.5m for measurement of wind direction. The three years of data were used to evaluate the wind data from the datasets for this study. The researchers evaluated the NCEP-NCAR data in the Gharo region using the WRF simulated model at the height of 10m and 30m. In this study, we have analyzed the five datasets NCEP-NCAR, 20C, CFSR, GFS, and NCEP-FNL to measure the wind data at the height of 10m.
Developing ERP Post Implementation Success Framework through Group Decision Support Systems
Authors: Batada Imran
Published: July 2023

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) success research is extensive and most approach models to measure its implementations success fall short of measuring post-implementation success. Instead of depending on previous frameworks that declare an ERP a failure if framework restrictions not met, this study suggests a novel methodology for assessing the implementation of any ERP method and its subsequent success via group decision support system. The study showed improved ERP system success when implemented with organizational culture improvement through GDSS but success was better when combined with access to more IT resources. There was improvement in Post ERP-implementation success (system quality, information quality, organizational impact, workgroup impact and individual impact) of the organization. Also, implementing ERP without GDSS does not reduces the success when it has access to IT resources. For ERP system post-implementation impact, IT resources capacity of the organization be improved and GDSS engaged to give users opinion.
Exploring Virtual Machine Scheduling Algorithms: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Salman , Yahaya Nor Adnan
Published: July 2023

This review paper provides a comprehensive assessment of scheduling methods for cloud computing, with an emphasis on optimizing resource allocation in cloud computing systems. The PRISMA methodology was utilized to identify 2,487 articles for this comprehensive review of scheduling methods in cloud computing systems. Following a rigorous screening process, 30 papers published between 2018 and 2023 were selected for inclusion in the review. These papers were analyzed in-depth to provide an extensive overview of the current state of scheduling methods in cloud computing, along with the challenges and opportunities for improving resource allocation. The review evaluates various scheduling approaches, including heuristics, optimization, and machine learning-based methods, discussing their strengths and limitations and comparing results from multiple studies. The paper also highlights the latest trends and future directions in cloud computing scheduling research, offering insights for practitioners and researchers in this field.
An Innovative Approach for Fake News Detection using Machine Learning
Authors: Hisham Maya , Hasan Raza , Hussain Saqib
Published: July 2023

This research aims to increase people's awareness of fake news on online social networks and help them determine the reliability of information they consume. It investigates methods for detecting fake news sources, authors, and subjects on online social networks. The project uses an open-source online dataset of fake and real news to determine the credibility of news. Various text feature extraction techniques and classification algorithms are reviewed, with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) linear classification algorithm using TF-IDF feature extraction achieving the highest accuracy of 99.36%. Random Forest (RF) and Naive Bayes (NB) had accuracy scores of 98.25% and 94.74%, respectively.
Drowsiness Detection and Alertness Using Eye Motion Monitoring
Authors: Asghar Rabia , Hassan Ahmad , Junejo Naveed Ur Rehman , Ikram Farwa , Cheema Abeera Mahfooz
Published: July 2023

The driver felt sleepy when they don’t take proper rest while driving on long routes. The restless driving careless mistake could be fatal to driver as well as others’ lives. This issue has been increased to such a level that a system required to avoid accidents and save life. The driver alertness detection can play a significant role to avoid such hazards. The system can identify the drowsiness on the face of driver and can generate an alarm for them to stop or take necessary actions. Eye state analysis is a key step for alertness detection that helps to identify the state of the eye whether it is open or close. In this paper, the method has been proposed for eye state analysis following face and eye detection to detect driver’s alertness. This system has been integrated into a four-steps includes detection of face, detection of eye, analysis of eye state, and decision regarding driver's drowsiness. A warning signal has been buzzed on drowsiness detection to alarm the driver. Simulation results validate that our proposed idea attains high accuracy and low error rate as compared to state-of-art.
Design and Operation of High Flow Oxygen Therapy: A novel approach to producing high concentration humidified oxygen for covid-19 patients
Authors: Sarmad Shams  , Raza Ali , Mehdi Adeel , Makhdoom Samia , Asif Muhammad
Published: July 2023

High-flow oxygen therapy provides adequate oxygen to those patients who suffer from pulmonary disorders due to the COVID-19 virus. The purpose of this research is to develop an oxygen therapy device that produces high-flow oxygen and provides a humidified supply of oxygen to patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19. The development of a High-Flow Oxygen Therapy (HFOT) device using cannulation is a much-needed solution to fill the gap in the availability of ventilators in resource-limited settings like Pakistan. The HFOT has a system that offers high-flow oxygen with the help of a blender that is capable of producing a balanced mix of air and oxygen while keeping the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at the desired level. A Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) valve is used to control the flow of the mixed gas as per the requirement. The mixed air is then passed through a humidifier that warms, humidifies, and purifies respiratory gas. The flow rate of the device is designed to produce up to 60 Liters Per Minute (LPM) with ± 0.5 variations with proper humidity. The designed prototype is tested for the gas flow rate, oxygen concentration, and desired pressure using professional calibrators and artificial lungs. The test results show significant achievements in delivering humid gases with high flow rates. ness together with appropriate humidification, gas warming, and concentration of oxygen.
ENSINO JURÍDICO E TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO: O PROTAGONISMO DO ESTUDANTE NA ERA CONECTADA
Authors: Rosan Christino Gitahy Raquel , Ramos Alves Luis Henrique , Rodrigues Westin Ebaid Ana Augusta
Published: July 2023

O presente trabalho tem como proposta apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a utilização das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação relacionando a sua importância no processo de busca do protagonismo do estudante na era conectada no que diz respeito ao ensino jurídico. Objetiva-se com o presente estudo compreender como as TDIC podem ser usadas para construir o conhecimento de acordo com as capacidades individuais, oferecendo uma base segura para repensar a aprendizagem e o ensino em condições e ambientes diferentes, assim como, evidenciar as práticas pedagógicas no ensino jurídico através de seu seguimento a metodologia tradicional, bem como, evidenciar como as TDIC podem auxiliar na busca do protagonismo do estudante jurídico na era conectada. Para concluir o que se pretende é provocar uma reflexão sobre a importância do planejamento e das propostas didáticas que tenham como objetivo promover condições e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento do estudante de modo a gerar o seu protagonismo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem na era conectada.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: tecnologia. Educação. Sociedade contemporânea. Ensino jurídico. Protagonismo.
 
ABSTRACT
The present work proposes to present a bibliographic review on the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies relating their importance in the process of seeking student protagonism in the connected era with regard to legal education. The objective of the present study is to understand how TDICs can be used to build knowledge according to individual capacities, offering a secure basis for rethinking learning and teaching in different conditions and environments, as well as highlighting pedagogical practices in the legal education through its follow-up to the traditional methodology as well as highlighting how the TDICs can help in the search for the role of the legal student in the connected era. To conclude, the aim is to provoke a reflection on the importance of planning and didactic proposals that aim to promote conditions and opportunities for student development in order to generate their protagonism in the teaching and learning process in the connected era.
Keywords: technology. Education. Contemporary society. Legal education. Protagonism.
O PROCESSO DE ESTRANGEIRIZAÇÃO DE TERRAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS E LEGISLATIVOS
Authors: Oliveira Gonçalves Dalva Felipe , Soares dos Santos Claudinei Lucio
Published: July 2023

RESUMO
O problema da concentração de terras no Brasil remonta desde o período colonial e que perdura na contemporaneidade com novos desdobramentos em função da crise financeira (2008) e dos alimentos (2010) que impulsionaram uma onda em busca de terras agricultáveis para atender o mercado mundial. Os impactos desse processo rebatem de forma incisiva no acesso à terra para a população camponesa e da soberania nacional (domínio sobre o território). O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de estrangeirização das terras e os seus rebatimentos nas lutas camponesas. Para atingi-lo optou-se pela revisão bibliográfica no sentido de trazer o debate acumulado sobre a questão e seus desdobramentos em face de intensificação do capital financeiro e especulativo no mercado de terras no Brasil.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Estrangeirização das terras, Conflitos territoriais. Agronegócio. Lutas camponesas.
 
ABSTRACT
The problem with land concentration in Brazil dates back to the colonial period and persists in contemporary times with new developments due to the financial and food crisis (2008 and 2010, respectively) that drove a wave in search of arable land to serve the world market. The impacts of this process incisively deny access to land for the peasant population and national sovereignty (dominance over the territory). The objective of this work is to analyze the process of land foreignization and its repercussions in peasant struggles. To achieve this, a bibliographical review was carried out in the sense of bringing the accumulated debate on the issue and its consequences in the face of intensification of financial and speculative capital in the land market in Brazil.
Keywords: Land foreignization. Territorial conflicts. Agribusiness. Peasant struggles.
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IN BRAZIL: A CRITICAL VIEW UNDER THE DAUBERT STANDARD
Authors: De Macedo Dias Bruno , Jacobsen Gilson
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Legal professionals are frequently exposed to knowledge created outside their area proficiency, that should be restricted to the legal science (or jurisprudence), by the constrains of science and the scientific method. As the legal system is designed to provide the best outcome possible to each lawsuit presented, it needs to establish a procedure throughout which technical issues can be resolved in court. Notwithstanding the emptiness of the discussion inside legal cases/practice if those solutions are appropriated to the respect science, its methods and to Justice itself, it can be extremely relevant to address this academically in search for improvements. The purposed of this is study is to exam how scientific evidence is produced in Brazil and in the United States, while trying to extract possible enhancements to the former’s legal system. Therefore, the first step in the comparative method is to identify determinant factors that might differ, then evaluate how each of them behave in Brazil and the United States, and finally try to identify possible improvements.
Key words: Scientific Evidence. Expert Testimony. Comparative Law. Daubert Standard.
 
RESUMO
Profissionais do direito são frequentemente expostos a conhecimento produzido fora de sua área de proficiência, que deve ficar restrita à ciência jurídica, por respeito à ciência e ao método científico. Como o sistema jurídico é desenhado para entregar a melhor resposta possível para cada ação judicial apresentada, é necessário estabelecer um procedimento através do qual questões técnicas possam ser solucionadas em Juízo. Sem prejuízo da impraticabilidade de se discutir na prática forense se a solução existente é apropriada para cada ciência respectiva, seus métodos e até mesmo para a própria Justiça, o problema é extremamente relevante ao espaço acadêmico, na busca de potenciais melhoramentos. O propósito deste estudo é avaliar como a prova científica é feita no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, bem como tentar extrair possíveis evoluções ao sistema jurídico do primeiro. Para isso, o primeiro passo no método comparativo é estabelecer os fatores determinantes que podem distinguir os sistemas; na sequência, verificar como eles se comportam nos sistemas jurídicos do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos, respectivamente; para, finalmente, identificar se há espaço para evolução da prova pericial brasileira.
Palavras-chave: Prova científica. Perícia. Direito Comparativo. Daubert Standard.