bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características mineralógicas e granulométricas das fontes de poeiras no Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes - SP
Authors: Oliveira M. , Zanardo A. , Carvalho S. G. de , Rocha R. R. da
Published: July 2016

Resumo Estudos recentes relativos à presença de fluxos de poeiras que entram na atmosfera atestam que eles podem ser até oito vezes maiores do que as estimativas até então consolidadas. Com origem atribuída principalmente às novas demandas de usos dos solos, combustíveis e rochas, essa concentração pode modificar globalmente os principais componentes do Geossistema Climático e colocar em risco os limites ecossistêmicos que suportam a vida no planeta. Em que pese a relevância do Brasil como produtor de commodities minerais e agrícolas e, portanto, um grande produtor de poeiras minerais, poucos estudos dessa natureza têm sido realizados. O presente estudo aborda esse tema em uma região conhecida como Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes que, além de abrigar as maiores indústrias cerâmicas do Brasil, destaca-se pela sua grande produção agrícola. Técnicas de difração de raios X e difração a laser foram utilizadas para caracterizar a composição mineralógica e granulométrica relativamente dos solos (fonte pedológica), minério de argila (fonte litológica) e seus produtos de transformação (fonte terrígena e industrial), considerados como principais fontes emissoras de poeiras dessa região. A presença de uma assembleia de minerais silicatados ricos em alumínio e ferro que predominam nessas fontes de poeiras explica os altos teores de SiO2, Al2O3 e Fe2O3 encontrados no minério, solos e na atmosfera da região. O predomínio de argilas cauliníticas pode ser considerado como diagnóstico de fonte pedológica, enquanto que o predomínio de argilas ilíticas caracteriza a fonte litológica. Os estudos granulométricos revelaram que, entre as diferentes fontes, a pedológica é a que possui maior volume de materiais argilosos na fração MP10 e, portanto, a que mais tem condição de contribuir com os processos de ressuspensão que são eficientes na transferência de poeiras minerais da superfície para a atmosfera.
Preparação de pigmentos de aluminatos de cobalto para aplicação em vidrados cerâmicos
Authors: Costa A. F. , Melo D. M. A. , Melo M. A. F. , Medeiros R. L. B. A. , Pimentel P. M. , Câmara M. S. C. , Chantelle L.
Published: July 2016

Resumo Os pigmentos inorgânicos são os mais utilizados industrialmente, pois apresentam maior estabilidade química e térmica e podem ser produzidos com um elevado grau de pureza e uniformidade. Essas características levaram ao desenvolvimento de diferentes cores intensas, estáveis e adequadas ao uso como pigmentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo sintetizar materiais cerâmicos com estrutura espinélio para uso como pigmento cerâmico e aplicá-los em fritas cerâmicas. O processo de síntese foi realizado pela rota da gelatina e com os pós obtidos foram conduzidos um estudo de evolução de fases cristalinas por meio de difração de raios X, refinamento das estruturas por meio do método Rietveld, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia na região do UV-visível e colorimetria. Foram observadas nos difratogramas reflexões características da estrutura espinélio. O tamanho médio de cristalito e a cristalinidade aumentou com o aumento da temperatura de calcinação. A coloração dos pigmentos variou do azul claro ao violeta azul.
Análise da reatividade de folhelhos do Recôncavo Baiano
Authors: Lucena D. V. , Amorim L. V. , Lira H. L.
Published: July 2016

Resumo O problema da estabilidade do poço em formações expansivas frustrou os engenheiros de campos de petróleo desde o início da exploração de petróleo e gás natural. A estabilidade de folhelhos ricos em argila é profundamente afetada por suas interações físicas e químicas complexas com fluidos de perfuração. Assim, estas rochas com alto teor de argila mostraram alterações significativas, tais como inchaço ou expansão, quando colocadas em contato com fluidos aquosos para a adsorção de moléculas polares de água ou íons hidratados dissolvidos no meio. Essas mudanças podem causar colapso da rocha durante a perfuração com fluidos de perfuração à base de água. Para uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos de interação entre a rocha e o fluido de perfuração, este trabalho objetiva a análise da reatividade de folhelhos provenientes do Recôncavo Baiano por meio da sua caracterização. Para isto, os folhelhos foram submetidos a ensaios de CTC, FRX, DRX e inchamento de Foster. Foi possível detectar que os folhelhos apresentaram significativos valores de CTC, bem como FRX com composição próxima da esmectita e padrão de DRX com picos característicos da esmectita. Em relação ao inchamento de Foster, o folhelho com maior CTC também apresentou o maior valor de inchamento indicando que a CTC pode ser aplicada como parâmetro indicativo da reatividade.
Características das Famílias, Estruturação da Produção e Estratégias de Comercialização em um Assentamento de Reforma Agrária
Authors: Gaspari Luciane Cristina De , Khatounian Carlos Armênio
Published: July 2016

Resumo: A estruturação dos estabelecimentos rurais está associada às características das famílias e às suas estratégias de inserção no mercado, em termos de geração de renda e exposição a riscos. Para entender essa associação foram estudados os casos de sete famílias assentadas em Araraquara (SP), região dominada por cana-de-açúcar e citros. Os indicadores foram o valor agregado total, o valor agregado por trabalhador, a estrutura e a dinâmica familiar e a organização do trabalho. Os casos incluíram dois estabelecimentos integrados à agroindústria (cana e frango, leite e frango), três estabelecimentos produtores de hortaliças (venda em atacado, semiatacado e direta ao consumidor), um caso de produção exclusivamente para consumo doméstico e um sem nenhuma produção econômica. As famílias vinculadas à agroindústria obtiveram valores agregados mais elevados, mas precisaram fazer investimentos maiores, o que fragilizou seus sistemas de produção frente a riscos. A crise financeira mundial de 2008 quebrou as agroindústrias integradoras e, com elas, as duas propriedades integradas. Para os produtores de hortaliças, para o mercado local, o valor agregado foi inferior ao do das integradas, como também seus investimentos em infraestrutura. A opção pela via de escoamento das hortaliças foi associada ao tamanho, ao conhecimento tecnológico e do mercado pelas famílias.
Desenvolvimento Rural e Reconhecimento: tensões e dilemas envolvendo o Pronaf
Authors: Resende Cátia Meire , Mafra Rennan Lanna Martins
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva investigar como o Pronaf é definido e avaliado pelo Estado brasileiro a fim de desconstruir qualquer relação de causalidade entre desenvolvimento e reconhecimento que possa existir nas informações sobre o Programa. A metodologia utilizada constitui-se por revisão de literatura e pela pesquisa de dados oficiais sobre o Pronaf, a qual orientou os questionamentos sobre o volume de recursos disponibilizado para o crédito, bem como sobre a distribuição destes entre os grupos de beneficiários e as regiões do País. Como principais resultados, evidencia-se que apenas a redistribuição dos recursos não é suficiente para o reconhecimento dos agricultores.
Estudo Sobre a Viabilidade do Seguro Receita: o caso da região oeste do Paraná
Authors: Adami Andréia Cristina Oliveira , Ozaki Vitor Augusto
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Desde 2003, o governo federal tem promovido ações para o desenvolvimento do seguro rural. A principal iniciativa baseia-se no Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural, que garante um nível mínimo de produtividade em caso de perdas decorrentes de eventos climáticos. Recentemente, algumas seguradoras passaram a disponibilizar em seu portfólio o seguro receita, que visa segurar o produtor contra quedas bruscas em sua produtividade, preços de mercado, ou uma combinação de ambos. Como a experiência brasileira com esse tipo de seguro é nova, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade do seguro receita, considerando-se a receita bruta da soja da região oeste do Paraná, em nível de propriedade rural. Os resultados mostraram que as taxas estimadas pelas seguradoras, conhecidas como taxas empíricas, subestimaram o risco para níveis baixos de cobertura (50% e 60%). Ao nível de 70% de cobertura, no entanto, as taxas estimadas pelo modelo (SN) apresentaram o mesmo valor médio para a região como um todo. O fluxo de caixa estimado para as safras 2006/2010 a 2010/2011, por nível de cobertura, apresentou-se positivo para todas as safras, indicando que as operações com o seguro receita geram retorno positivo, apresentando-se como modalidade viável para a atividade.
A adoção de Sistemas Produtivos entre Grupos de Pequenos Produtores de Algodão no Brasil
Authors: Maia Alexandre Gori , Miyamoto Bruno César Brito , Silveira José Maria Ferreira Jardim
Published: July 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os padrões de produção de grupos de pequenos produtores do algodão no Brasil e seus impactos sobre as preferências declaradas por novos sistemas de produção. Especificamente, verificam-se as principais características que diferenciam as escolhas pelos sistemas de algodão geneticamente modificado (Bt e RR) e não geneticamente modificado (colorido, orgânico e branco convencional). As análises baseiam-se em dados primários aplicados a grupos de pequenos produtores de algodão nas principais regiões produtoras no Brasil. Os padrões de associação entre as características do produtor e do sistema de produção foram analisados com a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. A propensão a adotar novos sistemas de produção foi analisada pela Análise Conjunta. Os resultados destacam que, mesmo entre pequenos produtores, há distinções importantes entre os padrões de produção que determinam a escolha pelo tipo de semente. O conhecimento prévio do sistema de cultivo, através da prática agrícola corrente, mostra-se um fator fundamental nas preferências dos produtores por novos sistemas de produção. Conclui-se que a cadeia produtiva, principalmente o papel das cooperativas locais e das redes privadas de apoio à produção e à comercialização, teria um papel decisivo na definição de redes de influência e, consequentemente, na adoção dos sistemas produtivos.
"Sou escravo de oficiais da Marinha": a grande revolta da marujada negra por direitos no período pós-abolição (Rio de Janeiro, 1880-1910)
Authors: Nascimento Álvaro Pereira do
Published: July 2016

Resumo Este artigo insere a Revolta da Chibata na história das primeiras gerações de descendentes de ex-escravos no pós-abolição. Entende-se que aqueles homens viveram um processo de disputas acirradas com imigrantes, brancos pobres e com os próprios negros livres, nos variados ofícios e contratos de trabalho existentes à época. As Forças Armadas permitiam uma possibilidade de ascensão aos negros, mas também o disciplinamento com castigos corporais. Com base em diferentes fontes, o artigo descreve os problemas enfrentados e as conquistas alcançadas pelos negros - sobretudo os marinheiros, nas primeiras décadas do pós-abolição - e a própria Revolta da Chibata, partindo dos discursos deixados pelos líderes do movimento, oficiais e cronistas acerca do racismo, da escravidão e dos castigos corporais.
Distribution and isotopic composition of lead in bottom sediments from the hydrographic system of Belém, Pará (western margin of Guajará Bay and Carnapijó River)
Authors: Oliveira Elma Costa , Lafon Jean Michel , Corrêa José Augusto Martins , Carvalho Jully Hellen dos Santos
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: This study first aimed to evaluate the effect of human activities on the distribution of lead within the estuarine system of Belém, Pará. This was achieved by studying the concentration and isotopic signature of Pb in bottom sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay and from Carnapijó River, an area removed from the influence of the city of Belém. Secondly, the contribution of suspended matter in the transportation of anthropogenic Pb in Guajará Bay was evaluated. Third, the content and background isotopic signature of Pb in the hydrographic system of Belém was determined. Isotopic signatures of sediments from the western margin of Guajará Bay confirm an anthropogenic contribution of Pb throughout the entire bay. The Pb accumulation process has become more efficient over the last 10 years, and this can be attributed to the rapid population growth of Belém city. Sediments in Carnapijó River are not affected by human activities, and the average concentration values (Pb = 19.6 ± 3.7 mg kg-1) and isotopic signatures (206Pb/207Pb = 1.196 ± 0.004) confirm the background Pb values previously proposed for the river system in the Belém region. The isotopic signatures of suspended matter on the eastern (206Pb/207Pb = 1.188) and western (206Pb/207Pb = 1.174) margins of Guajará Bay show that suspended matter is an efficient Pb transportation mechanism of domestic and industrial wastewater from Belém to the western margin of the Bay due to tidal effects at the confluence with Guamá River.
In situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS of igneous apatite and plagioclase from magmatic rocks at the CPGeo-USP
Authors: Munoz Patricio Montecinos , Alves Adriana , Azzone Rogério Guitarrari , Cordenons Pablo , Morano Sandra , Sproesser Walter , Souza Solange de
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: This contribution describes the successful implementation of in situ Sr isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICP-MS at the CPGeo-USP. The choice for an analytical configuration using measurements of half-masses allows the accurate assessment of lanthanide interferences, permitting the determination of Sr isotopes in important REE-rich accessory phases, such as apatite. Likewise, the on-peak-zero method effectively corrects the background contribution (both from Kr and residual Sr contributions from previous ablations) to the signals of the unknown samples. The analytical campaigns resulted in an accuracy, in respect to reference TIMS values, better than 57 ppm (~ ±0.000057 2σ SD) for a modern coral and the Batjberg clinopyroxene which impart significant quality to our data. Similarly, the majority of the stable Sr isotope ratios are close to the accepted values, which also confirms the effectiveness of the method. The achieved accuracy allows the identification and investigation of spatially-controlled isotopic heterogeneities on the micrometric scale in several Sr-rich minerals (apatite, carbonates, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene) with important implications to the understanding of relevant geochemical processes, particularly AFC, source geochemical heterogeneities and magma-mixing.
The tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil: a geochronological and isotopic approach
Authors: Pimentel Márcio Martins
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The Brasília Belt is one of the most complete Neoproterozoic orogens in western Gondwana. Rapid progress on the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the belt was achieved due to new U-Pb data, combined with Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf analyses. The evolution of the Brasília orogen happened over a long period of time (900 - 600 Ma) involving subduction, magmatism and terrain accretion, as a result of the consumption of the Goiás oceanic lithosphere. Provenance studies, based on U-Pb zircon data, indicate that the sedimentary rock units record different tectonic settings and stages of the evolution of the orogen. The Paranoá and Canastra groups represent passive margin sequences derived from the erosion of the São Francisco Craton. The Araxá and Ibiá groups, however, have dominant Neoproterozoic detrital zircon populations, as young as 650 Ma, suggesting derivation from the Goiás Magmatic Arc. The Goiás Magmatic Arc represents a composite arc terrain, formed by the accretion of older (ca. 0.9 - 0.8 Ga) intraoceanic island arc(s), followed by more evolved continental arcs. It extends for several thousand kilometers, from SW Goiás, through NE Brazil and into Africa. Metamorphism took place between 650 - 630 Ma reflecting final closure of the Goiás Ocean and continental collision.
U-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) of detrital zircon and whole rock Nd and geochemical constraints on the provenance, depositional age and tectonic setting of the metasedimentary Piriá Basin, northern Brazil: implications for the evolution of the Gurupi Belt
Authors: Lopes Elem Cristina dos Santos , Klein Evandro Luiz , Moura Candido Augusto Veloso , Lucas Fernando Rodrigo dos Anjos , Pinheiro Bruno Luiz Silva , Rodrigues Joseneusa Brilhante , Simas Margarete Wagner
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT: The Piriá Basin (Piriá Formation) is a hemi-graben shaped basin that developed over Precambrian rocks of the Gurupi Belt. The lithological content comprises four interfingered lithofacies: (1) arkose and greywacke with pelite layers, (2) laminated siltstones and pelites, (3) arkose with hummocky stratification, and (4) oligomictic conglomerate. This sequence was formed in alluvial fans (conglomerate), and fluvial systems (arkose, greywacke, siltstones and pelites) that were established and evolved during the migration of the subsidence. The sedimentary sequence underwent anquimetamorphism and very weak tectonic deformation. U-Pb analyses of detrital zircon set the maximum depositional age at 591 Ma and indicate several sediment sources, that range in age from the Neoproterozoic to the Archean. The main sources are from the Rhyacian, which is the main period of continental crust formation in the São Luís cratonic fragment and the basement of the Gurupi Belt. Neoproterozoic sources were important in the eastern segment of the basin. Ages from unknown sources in the region so far have also been recorded. Combined, the U-Pb zircon data, the whole-rock geochemical and Sm-Nd results, and the petrographic information revealed proximal felsic to intermediate provenance, in addition to recycled sedimentary sources. As a whole, our data suggest that the Piriá Formation was deposited in a post-orogenic basin related to the final stage of evolution of the Brasiliano cycle of orogenies, which built up the Gurupi Belt.
Corn root morphoanatomy at different development stages and yield under water stress
Authors: Souza Thiago Corrêa de , Magalhães Paulo César , Castro Evaristo Mauro de , Duarte Vinícius Politi , Lavinsky Alyne Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize the morphoanatomy of roots and the yield traits of two corn hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance (DKB 390, tolerant; and BRS 1030, sensitive), at different stages of development. Water deficit was imposed for ten days, in a greenhouse, at three growth stages: V5, VT, and R3. These treatments were combined to generate cumulative stress during the plant cycle, as: V5VT, V5R3, VTR3, and V5VTR3. The following were analyzed: root anatomy; proportion of aerenchyma in the cortex; metaxylem number and diameter; phloem thickness; as well as morphological characteristics, such as root length, volume, and surface area, specific root length, length of fine roots, grain yield, and ear length and diameter. Development stage affected the responses to stress: DKB 390 showed the best performance for root morphoanatomy and yield traits, under drought stress, at the reproductive stages, mainly R3, and in the treatments with cumulative stress, especially V5VTR3; whereas BRS 1030 presented higher means for the studied parameters, mainly at the V5 and VT stages, but did not show a higher grain yield under water stress. The greater tolerance of the DKB 390 hybrid to water deficit is probably linked with a memory of pre-exposure to water stress at different growth stages.
Produção e nutrição de limoeiro 'Tahiti' em função da adubação com nitrogênio e potássio em cinco safras
Authors: Silva José Tadeu Alves da , Silva Inêz Pereira da , Simão Fúlvio Rodriguez
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as doses de nitrogênio e potássio, para obter a máxima eficiência técnica e econômica e os níveis críticos destes dois nutrientes, em folhas de limão 'Tahiti' irrigado, cultivado em Neossolo Quartzarênico, em cinco safras. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 4x5, com quatro doses de N (0, 25, 50 e 100 kg ha-1) e cinco doses de K2O (0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1). As doses estimadas para alcançar a máxima eficiência técnica foram 90, 99, 69, 66 e 100 kg ha-1 de N e, para a máxima eficiência econômica, 85, 95, 67, 64 e 93 kg ha-1 de N, para a primeira, a segunda, a terceira, a quarta e a quinta safra, respectivamente. As doses de K2O para obter a máxima eficiência técnica foram 126, 116, 101, 98 e 95 kg ha-1 e, para a máxima eficiência econômica, 112, 105, 94, 90 e 88 kg ha-1 de K2O, para a primeira, segunda, terceira, quarta e quinta safra, respectivamente. Os níveis críticos foliares médios estimados são de 25 g kg-1 de N e 22 g kg-1 de K para as cinco safras.
Productive and vegetative performance of peach trees grafted on six rootstocks in a replanting area
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Klamer de , Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio , Queiroz Henrique Thomas , Gonzatto Mateus Pereira
Published: July 2016

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and vegetative performance of the Maciel and Chimarrita peach tree cultivars grafted on six rootstocks, in a replanting area. The experiment was carried out in an area that had been previously cultivated with peach trees for more than 15 years in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Maciel and Chimarrita peach tree cultivars were grafted on 'Aldrighi', 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa', 'Flordaguard', 'Nemaguard', and 'Umezeiro'. The 'Umezeiro' rootstock caused high plant mortality in both scions, as well as low productivity and higher alternate bearing; it also affected the qualitative and ripening attributes of the fruits of 'Chimarrita'. The 'Aldrighi', 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa', 'Flordaguard', and 'Nemaguard' rootstocks induced a similar yield in both scions. The trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) did not differ between rootstocks in 'Maciel', but in 'Chimarrita', TCSA was higher on 'Flordaguard' than on 'Umezeiro' in some seasons. Regarding the average of rootstocks, 'Maciel' showed higher TCSA, pruning mass, and average yield than 'Chimarrita', as well as changes in qualitative and ripening attributes. The Maciel cultivar shows the best productive performance in replanting areas, and the 'Capdeboscq' and 'Aldrighi' rootstocks induce satisfactory agronomic performance.
New sources of partial resistance to bacterial spot race T2 in processing tomatoes
Authors: Berrueta María C , Giménez Gustavo , Galván Guillermo A , Borges Alejandra
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Bacterial leaf spot of tomato is caused by four Xanthomonas species, among which Xanthomonas vesicatoria race T2 predominates in Uruguay. Difficulties in integrated disease management and the rapid spread of the pathogen led to investigations of genetic resistance. This study aimed to identify resistance sources to bacterial leaf spot race T2 in tomato for processing. Twelve genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in 2010 and 2011. Plants were spray-inoculated with a suspension of bacteria (108 cfu/mL) 15 days after transplantation. Incubation period, disease severity on leaves, and the percentage of fruits with symptoms at harvest were determined. The incubation period did not differ among the genotypes. The genotype 'Hawaii 7981' had the lowest leaf severity on the leaves, followed by 'Loica'. The lines (derived from the cultivar 'Loica') LB97, LB99, LB60, and LB76, and the cultivar 'Ohio 8245' showed intermediate levels of severity on leaves, whereas 'H9997', 'Cuyano', LB85, and 'NUN6011' presented higher severities. The differences in disease severity of the leaves were similar over the years, while incidence of symptoms in fruit was more variable. Next to 'Hawaii 7981', the cultivars 'Loica' and 'Ohio 8245' were identified as new sources of partial resistance to bacterial spot race T2.
Urea concentration on vegetative development and nutrition of Cactaceae epiphytic species
Authors: Tavares Armando R , Ferreira Mauricio L , Jocys Teresa , Kanashiro Shoey , Silva Karina G
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Rhipsalis paradoxa, Rhipsalis baccifera and Hatiora salicornioides are epiphytic cacti from the Atlantic Forest. They have a great ornamental potential due to the exotic characteristic of their joints (stems segments). The study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of roots and shoots as well as macronutrient and micronutrient contents in the joints of these species fertilized with different concentrations of urea as a nitrogen source. The study also analyzed the importance of the root system on nitrogen absorption. Plants were weekly irrigated with modified Hoagland & Arnon solutions with 0, 16.7, 33.3, 49.9 or 66.6 mM N applied as urea. After 180 days of cultivation, plants were separated into joints and roots for biometric and biomass measures, as well as macronutrient and micronutrient analysis of joints. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments, four blocks and five plants per plot, for each species. Data were submitted to analyses of variance and regression. R. baccifera showed the highest plant length and number of joints in 29.94 and 40.82 mM N, respectively, H. salicornioides showed the highest length and number of joints in 48.29 and 45.68 mM N respectively. For R. paradoxa, the highest length was in 66.6 mM N. The lowest values for plant length and number of joints were observed in the absence of N, for all species. High nitrogen concentrations in the solution increased the N concentration in joints of R. baccifera, R. paradoxa and H. salicornioides by 24, 19 and 13 g N/kg dry mass, respectively. The roots of epiphytic cacti, besides the function of fixing the plant on substrate (phorophyte), are functional for nutrient absorption, and the best results were obtained in 30.05 to 66.60 mM N in the nutrient solution.
Tomato post-harvest durability and physicochemical quality depending on silicon sources and doses
Authors: Marodin Josué C , Resende Juliano TV , Morales Rafael GF , Faria Marcos V , Trevisam Anderson R , Figueiredo Alex ST , Dias Diego M
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) sources and doses on the physicochemical quality as well as post-harvest conservation of tomato fruits. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme corresponding to sources {calcium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate} and five doses of Si (equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg/ha SiO2). Randomized blocks were the experimental design, with four replications. Soluble solids, vitamin C, lycopene, titratable acidity, mature fruit firmness, initial firmness, firmness half-life, time until reaching firmness equivalent to 3.0 x 104 N/m2 and 2.0 x 104 N/m2 and Si content in fruits were evaluated. Soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene of fruits increased with increasing doses of Si, except for the highest dose. Calcium and sodium silicate provided the highest lycopene concentration in fruits. An increase in initial firmness, number of days until reaching firmness half-life and firmness equivalent to 3.0 and 2.0 x 104 N/m2 were observed along with increasing doses of Si. Tomato fertilization with calcium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate, used as sources of Si, increased the post-harvest conservation as well as the physicochemical quality of tomato.
Univariate and multivariate procedures for agronomic evaluation of organically grown tomato cultivars
Authors: Araujo Jacqueline C , Telhado Samuel FP , Sakai Rogério H , Ledo Carlos AS , Melo Paulo CT
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Tomato is one of the most important crops, the worldwide production in 2012 reached 161.8 million tons. Considering the lack of agronomic information on already available cultivars as well as on the varieties under development by breeding programs for organic systems, the objectives of this work were determine the yield components of 14 tomato cultivars in the organic system, through univariate and multivariate analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total, marketable and non-marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant, in 2010. We carried out analysis of variance, using test F 5%. The effect of cultivar was fixed and the block effect was random. Then, means were ranked according to Scott-Knott 5%. Differences among cultivars were significant for total yield, number of marketable fruits per plant and marketable yield. The mean for total yield among cultivars was 51 t/ha and for marketable yield was 41 t/ha. Cultivars IAC 1 and Santa Clara were the least dissimilar (0.38). On the other hand, cultivars HTV 0601 and IAC 3 were the most dissimilar (10.63). The score dispersion graph showed two distinct groups. The second group contained cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno, which stood out in the evaluation for the organic production system, presenting the highest total yield, marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant. Multivariate analysis was effective in identifying clusters of cultivars.
Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on green corn grown in succession to the melon crop
Authors: Souza Filho Antonio L , Oliveira Fábio HT , Preston Welka , Silva Gerônimo F , Carvalho Simplício L
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Melon producers, in Chapada do Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, located between the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, have cultivated corn in succession to the melon crop. However, this crop rotation is not yet evaluated on the extent to which the residual effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization carried out in melon can supply partially or completely the corn demands of nitrogen and phosphorus. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the production of corn in succession to the cultivation of melon (Cucumis melo) irrigated in an Alkaline Inceptisol of Chapada do Apodi. Ten treatments from the combinations between five N rates (0; 45; 90; 160 and 220 kg/ha) and four levels of P2O5 (0; 40; 80; and 120 kg/ha) were compared. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The corn cultivar was the hybrid AG 1051 and the characteristics evaluated were number and total weight of ears, number and weight of marketable unhusked ears and concentrations of N and P in plant and P in the soil. This study also estimated critical levels of N and P in the plant and P in the soil. Producing green corn in succession to melon is viable, in this experiment conditions, without application of nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil. However, for maximum corn productivity, application of 90 kg/ha N combined with 40 kg/ha P2O5 is recommended. The average critical level of N and P in the plant for corn production was 32.29 and 4.31 g/kg, respectively. This value for P in the soil was 20.7 mg/dm3.
Models for estimating yacon leaf area
Authors: Erlacher Wellington A , Oliveira Fábio L , Fialho Gustavo S , Silva Diego MN , Carvalho Arnaldo HO
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The recent exploration of yacon demands scientific information for improving the crop production technology. This study aimed to set a leaf area estimate model for yacon plants, using non-destructive measurements of leaf length (L) and/or width (W). Sixty-four representative yacon plants were randomly selected in an experimental field during the full vegetative growth. One thousand leaves of various sizes were taken from those plants for setting and validating a model. The logarithmic model best fitted this purpose, the result of multiplying length by width being used as independent variable. Yacon leaf area can be determined with high precision and accuracy by LALW = (-27.7418 + (3.9812LW / ln LW ) , disregarding the leaf size.
Estação de trabalho: infraestrutura para beneficiamento de hortaliças em pequenas propriedades rurais
Authors: Lana Milza M
Published: July 2016

RESUMO O manuseio descuidado das hortaliças a partir da colheita contribui para o elevado volume de perdas deste grupo de alimentos. As perdas pós-colheita podem ser quantitativas, representadas pela fração do alimento que não é consumido mas descartado, ou qualitativas, quando se referem ao decréscimo da qualidade sensorial, nutricional e microbiológica do alimento ainda próprio para consumo. Com o objetivo de melhorar as condições de trabalho durante a colheita e beneficiamento de hortaliças em pequenas propriedades rurais, a Embrapa Hortaliças propôs a instalação de uma estação de trabalho de baixo custo, composta de três equipamentos: casa de embalagem de lona, carrinho para transporte e mesa para seleção. Estes equipamentos contribuem para preservar a qualidade da hortaliça colhida, por meio da redução dos estresses abióticos (calor, deposição de orvalho, chuva e danos físicos), e consequentemente, aumentam a sua durabilidade e o tempo disponível para a sua comercialização. Adicionalmente têm efeitos sobre a saúde do trabalhador rural e sobre o rendimento do trabalho. Os efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde do trabalhador incluem a redução do tempo de exposição ao sol e dos problemas osteo-musculares causados pelo carregamento de cargas pesadas e/ou distribuídas assimetricamente e por operações repetitivas e/ou posturas inadequadas. O aumento do rendimento do trabalho resulta da eliminação de etapas repetitivas, redução do cansaço causado pela sobrecarga do sistema músculo-esquelético, redução do desconforto térmico e pela possibilidade de execução do beneficiamento das hortaliças sob condições de chuva.
Photosynthetic Performance of Invasive Vincetoxicum Species (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Averill Kristine M. , DiTommaso Antonio , Whitlow Thomas H. , Milbrath Lindsey R.
Published: July 2016

Knowledge of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for fully understanding a species’ invasive potential and for the development of appropriate control strategies. Although growth and reproductive data are available for the invasive swallowwort vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum, photosynthetic data are wanting. These herbaceous, perennial congeners were introduced from separate European ranges during the late 19th century and became invasive during the following century in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Vincetoxicum nigrum has been observed growing mainly in high light environments, whereas V. rossicum occurs across a wide range of light environments, suggesting niche divergence and that different management strategies might be needed for the two species. In this work, we investigated whether the differing habitat associations of these species is reflected in their photosynthetic capacities and leaf morphology. Photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf mass were determined across a range of light environments represented by four field habitats (common garden, forest edge, old field, and forest understory) and two greenhouse environments (high and low light). In the high-light common garden habitat, V. nigrum achieved 37% higher maximum photosynthetic rates than V. rossicum, but photosynthetic performance of the two species was the same in the forest edge habitat. Additionally, species’ performance was virtually identical in high light, low light, and transitions between high and low light regimes in the greenhouse. Specific leaf mass of V. nigrum was 17% higher in the common garden and 19% higher in the greenhouse compared with V. rossicum. Both invasive Vincetoxicum spp. appear capable of growing within a broad range of light environments and their management should be similar regardless of light environment. Other explanations are required to explain the scarcity of V. nigrum in low light natural areas.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RS7566605 IN OVERWEIGHT IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Costa Caíque Almeida , Feitosa Caroline , Ferraro Geraldo
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are major worldwide public health problems associated with several etiological factors. The rs7566605 polymorphism in the INSIG-2 gene is reported to be associated with the development of obesity. This polymorphism occurs when there is a change in the nitrogenous base guanine (G) for cytosine (C) resulting in two possible mutant genotypes: CC and CG. The wild genotype is represented by GG. Many authors reported the association between this polymorphism with anthropometrical changes, but there is no consensus regarding this issue. Objective: to evaluate the frequency of rs7566605 polymorphism and its association with obesity markers in populations from different geographical areas. Method: systematic review using PubMed and following the PRISMA Guidelines. Results: there was a great variability in terms of sample size, areas, bias and phenotypic characteristics. Although 38 biological traits were evaluated, the mutation was associated with only three of them (BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio, HbA1c). The highest CC frequency was found among obese Malays (21%), and the lowest among overweight Quilombo people (3%). The highest CG frequency was found in non-obese Malays (51%), while the lowest was reported among overweight Quilombo people (22%). Also, Quilombo people reported the highest frequency of the GG phenotype (75%), while the lowest frequency was found in non-obese Malays (32%). Conclusion: The polymorphism was associated with only three obesity markers. There were specific patterns of genotypic frequency among populations belonging to similar geographical areas and/or ancestry. More research into the genetic factors related to obesity markers is needed.
SELF-REPORTED PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IT AMONG HIV INFECTED ADULTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR HOSPITAL, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Bayisa Mulugeta , Wubshet Dr. Mamo
Published: July 2016

Introduction: With the advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) are living longer with chronicity. Reduced physical functioning decreases quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS. Objective: This study was intended to assess self-reported physical functioning and factors associated with it among adult outpatients living with HIV and AIDS who are on ART at the University of Gondar Hospital HIV Care Clinic. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 adults living with HIV and AIDS from March to May 2013. The Short Form-36 physical functioning subscale was used to assess physical functioning. The physical functioning subscale was transformed to range from 0 to a 100 to make all values on same metric, and mean was calculated. Finally normbased scoring method was used to determine whether they have good or poor physical functioning. Result: Total mean score of physical functioning was 59.43 (SD=10.7). Among 313 participants, 191 (61%) reported good physical functioning. More than half of the subjects (61%) were independent in work-capacity. Two hundred and nineteen (70%) individuals were independent in mobility and 96.8% in self-care. Good physical functioning was associated with CD4 counts ≥250 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.84, 95% CI:1.02,3.31], excellent general health [AOR=4.14,95% CI:2.12, 7.07], absent or very mild bodily pain [AOR=4.04, 95% CI: 2.03,6.59] and high bodily energy [AOR=7.70, 95% CI: 4.32, 8.52]. Conclusion: This study found that majority of the subjects had good physical functioning and were independent in self-care activities. Higher CD4 counts, vitality, general health and level of mild bodily pain were factors determining physical functioning. This research indicates the need of designing rehabilitation strategies for people living with HIV and AIDS.
Semantic Restrictions of Forming Derivative Nouns in the Class of the Process Verbs
Authors: Ponomaryova Liliya
Published: July 2016

Studying structural, phono-morphological, semantic, stylistic, word-forming and lexical conformities regulating syntagmatic connections in word-formation, requires studying system restrictions of the word-forming morphemes combinability, predetermined by the meaning of a word sign as well. The aim of the article is to identify semantic restrictions and those close to them in forming deverbative nouns from the process verbs. It was defined that such kinds of restrictions as semantic, semantic-pragmatic, semantic-stylistic, lexical and structural-morphological can counteract the possibility of the process verbs to take part in derivation processes. Semantic restrictions are located at the level of syntagmatic, differentiating semes and the abstract subcategoric seme “becoming”. Aspect semes don’t influence the possibility of the process verbs to take part in the word formation processes. Semantic restrictions can be predetermined both by the presence and by the absence of definite semes in a semantic structure of a word.
A Study of Institutions in Dickens’s Bleak House as a Representation of Foucault’s Disciplinary Society
Authors: Ghadamkheir Mani , Mahmoudzadeh Mahboubeh
Published: July 2016

This study employs Foucault's views on the strategies of power to analyze that the institutional world of Bleak House makes a disciplinary structure. The intrusion of these institutions in all strata of society in the novel, from the aristocratic Dedlocks to the poor area of Tom-All-Alone shapes a panoptic structure in which everyone is visible through a permanent and omniscient gaze. Under the matrix of various institutions almost all the characters in the novel, directly or indirectly, are trapped and engaged. This study shows the modernity of Dickens views on power relations in society and gives readers new maps to read Bleak House and new perspectives from which to view it.
 A Comparative Study on Objectives and Components of Writing Skill in National Curriculum of Iran and America (New Jersey) at High School
Authors: Ghaderi Doust Elham
Published: July 2016

This study aims to provide an introductory of the codification of the objectives and components of teaching writing within the National Language curriculum in upper secondary in correlation with elementary and lower secondary curriculums. The method is a qualitative analysis of the contents. The data includes the Persian Language curriculum in Iranian upper secondary schools (version 2007) and American core curriculum for Language Arts (in New Jersey, 2004) collected through library study and note taking from Iran and foreign documents. In the present research, objectives and components of teaching writing within the curriculums in countries cited are analyzed and perused based on Autonomous and Ideological approaches to literacy; suggesting that objectives and components of American curriculum for teaching writing are formularized and influenced by Ideological approach, whereas Iranian writing curriculum possess properties of Autonomous Approach(consciously or unconsciously)and characteristics concerned with Ideological approach are marginal in Iran. After discussing features of curriculums in America (New Jersey), impressed by the Ideological approach to literacy, we proceed to bring forward the advantages and drawbacks of objectives and components of Iranian curriculum for teaching writing and some suggestions to improve are mentioned
The Impact of Art in Social Movements to Protect Water in the Northern Rivers Region in NSW
Authors: Serrano José Javier
Published: July 2016

This article is founded upon research that was inspired by the lovely community of the Northern Rivers Region and their passionate, artistic, and nonviolent way to protest against coal seam gas mining in the area. It was completed during the course of the Masters of Integrated Water Management which was instructed by the International Water Centre at the University of Queensland premises.

Residents of the NRR claim that CSG Industry may pollute shared water resources, destroy the land, and ruin the scenery for them and future generations. Having little political, legislative or National Government support, the community organized and educated themselves in order to create a national grassroots organization called “Lock the Gate Alliance” that fosters policy changes to stop CSG activities unless it is proven safe for the environment, natural water resources, land, and health.

The Alliance's activities follow principles of nonviolence and community participation, which have inspired creative and artistic ways to create awareness about current CSG processes, to educate people, to raise funds, and more. The inclusion of art expressions in the Alliance's social movements have encouraged resident participation, leading to increased social capital. As a result, the Alliance has progressed in the social movement lifecycle following a path to success.
Multi-omics approach to infer cancer therapeutic targets on chromosome 20q across tumor types
Authors: Snijders Antoine M , Mao Jian-Hua
Published: July 2016

The identification of good targets is a critical step for the development of targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Here, we used a multi-omics approach to delineate potential targets on chromosome 20q, which frequently shows a complex pattern of DNA copy number amplification in many human cancers suggesting the presence of multiple driver genes. By comparing the amounts of individual mRNAs in cancer from 11 different human tissues with those in their corresponding normal tissues, we identified 18 genes that were robustly elevated across human cancers. Moreover, we found that higher expression levels of a majority of these genes were associated with poor prognosis in many human cancer types. Using DNA copy number and expression data for all 18 genes obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project, we discovered that amplification is a major mechanism driving overexpression of these 18 genes in the majority of human cancers. Our integrated analysis suggests that 18 genes on chromosome 20q might serve as novel potential molecular targets for targeted cancer therapy.
The Labor Market in Romania and Interregional Disparities
Authors: Șteliac Nela
Published: July 2016

The decrease of regional disparities represents one of the fundamental objectives of the regional development policy promoted by the EU; furthermore, the waves of enlargement of the EU deepened these differences even more. As a member state of the EU, Romania is actively involved in reducing the economic gaps by applying some regional development strategies and policies. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the labor market analysis from the perspective of the regional gaps, carried out based on some of its specific indicators. The sinuous evolution of the standard deviation for the analyzed indicators (except for the net average salary the standard deviation of which was permanently growing) revealed increase or decrease of the regional disparities for the entire period. However, in comparison to 1998, the regional gaps increased in 2013. The regional poles on the labor market have been as following: Bucharest-Ilfov region for the best values of the studied indicators, and Northeast region and Southwest Oltenia region for the lowest values.
Banking Competition and Stability: Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Bekmurodova Adhamovna Go’zal
Published: July 2016

The main aim of this paper is to define and propose the determining variables of banking competition by reviewing the literature on bank competition. Extensive review of the literature led to the identification of main variables that can be used to measure banking competition. They include market structure variables, contestability variables; inter industry variables, institutional variables and macro-economic condition variables. The exploration of these important variables began by reviewing and analysing two main schools of thought on bank competition. They include competition fragility and competition stability theories. The analysis of schools of though is followed by measures of competition such as HHI, Lerner index, Boone indicator and Z-score. The implications of this study are targeted for bank executives and government officials who are mainly concerned with improving the social well-fare of stakeholders.