bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of healthcare systems data for identifying cardiovascular outcomes after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hosking Alice , Stephen Jacqueline , Drever Jonathan , Whiteley William N. , Sudlow Cathie L. M. , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam ,   for the RESTART Trial Steering Committee, Baigent Colin , Lasserson Daniel , Sullivan Frank , Carrie Johanna , Dennis Martin S , Murray Gordon D , Newby David E , Sandercock Peter AG , Sprigg Nikola , Werring David J , White Phil M
Published: November 2024

Background

Healthcare systems data (HCSD) could improve the efficiency of clinical trials, but their accuracy and validity are uncertain. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of HCSD as the sole method of outcome detection in the REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART; ISRCTN71907627) compared with adjudicated questionnaire follow-up and compare estimates of treatment effect.

Methods

RESTART was a prospective, open, assessor-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial (RCT) of antiplatelet therapy after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in the UK.

We included 496 (92%) of 537 RESTART participants, who were resident in England or Scotland at randomisation. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy.

RESTART used annual questionnaires to detect its primary outcome (recurrent ICH) and secondary outcome (a composite of haemorrhagic or ischemic major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]) over a median of 2.0 years; an independent adjudication committee verified outcomes using medical records and brain imaging. We obtained ICD10-coded HCSD on hospital admissions and deaths in England and Scotland to identify primary and secondary outcomes. We compared HCSD with a reference standard of adjudicated outcomes. We estimated the effects of antiplatelet therapy using HCSD alone in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for minimisation variables.

Results

In the original RESTART trial, 31 people experienced a primary outcome event. HCSD had sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 66 to 95%) and positive predictive value of 68% (51 to 82%) for recurrent ICH. HCSD estimated an effect of antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.98; p = 0.044) that was almost identical to adjudicated outcomes (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.03; p = 0.060). HCSD had sensitivity of 84% (76 to 91%) and positive predictive value of 78% (69 to 85%) for MACE, on which HCSD estimated an effect of antiplatelet therapy (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.16; p = 0.247) that was similar to adjudicated outcomes (aHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.95; p = 0.025).

Conclusions

In a RCT of antiplatelet therapy for people with ICH, HCSD was reasonably accurate and provided similar estimates of treatment effect compared with adjudicated outcomes.

Trial registration

ISRCTN71907627. Registered on 25 April 2013.
Chromatographic assay of recently approved co-formulation of Vonoprazan fumarate with low dose Aspirin: AGREE, Complex MoGAPI, and RGB 12-model assessments
Authors: Moneim Mona M. Abdel , Hamdy Mohamed M. A.
Published: November 2024

Two simple, valid and green chromatographic based techniques are developed in the present work for first time to simultaneously analyze the recently approved combination of Aspirin (ASP) with the novel gastro-protective agent Vonoprazan (VON). First method is an HPLC-DAD “diode array detection”, where separation was successful using C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) column with isocratic elution of phosphate buffer-pH 6.8 and acetonitrile in ratio of 63:37 with detection at 230 nm. Second method is an HPTLC method on HPTLC silica plates using ethyl acetate: ethanol (75%): ammonia (5:5:0.05 v/v) mobile phase followed by densitometric scanning at 230 nm. The methods were applied successfully for analysis of VON and ASP mixture in laboratory-prepared tablets and the methods were validated in regards to linearity, precision, accuracy and selectivity. The proposed methods are assessed for their greenness and whiteness as well using the “Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach”, “Complementary Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index” and the new algorithm “RGB 12 model” (Red-Green-Blue) and proved the greenness and the sustainability of the methods in the routine assay of the newly marketed formulation.
Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mofolorunsho Kehinde Charles , Dorsamy Vinogrin , Bagwandeen Chauntelle , Abbai Nathlee Samantha
Published: November 2024

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI) including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). The lack of robust data on STIs among African MSM has limited the development of evidence-based screening strategies. This study aimed at documenting the pooled prevalence of Ng/Ct among MSM in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods

This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Relevant articles from the following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Eligible studies reported on the prevalence of Ng/Ct among the MSM population in SSA. Publication bias was assessed using the Hoy tool, Doi plot, and LFK ratio. Due to heterogeneity among studies, subgroup analyses were performed using the MetaXL add-on tool for Microsoft Excel.

Results

Of 525 articles screened, 20 were selected for inclusion. Six were cross-sectional, four had a prospective cohort study design, and one was an epidemiological study. The pooled prevalence of Ng/Ct in MSM was 27% (95% CI, 19–39%), with an I2 of 98% signifying heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis by country revealed South Africa had the highest prevalence (38%).

Discussion

Interpretation

The high prevalence of Ng/Ct infection among MSM in SSA is of concern.

Limitations

Due to limited data available on Ng/Ct prevalence, the true prevalence of SSA and its associated risk factors is uncertain.

Conclusion

As the first study to systematically review the available literature on STI prevalence among the MSM population in SSA, it showed the burden of Ng/Ct is higher than in other regions, warranting the strengthening of health systems to improve education, testing, and treatment in MSM population.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022327095.
Living in the vicinity of pesticide-treated crop fields: Exploring associated perceptions and psychological aspects in relation to self-reported and registry-based health symptoms
Authors: Gerbecks J , Baliatsas C , Yzermans CJ , Simoes M , Huss A , Verheij RA , Dückers MLA
Published: November 2024

Background

Exposure to pesticides in the living environment can be associated with the prevalence of health symptoms. This study investigates associations between health symptoms among residents in areas with fruit crop fields where pesticides are applied, and psychological perceptions and attitudes about environmental aspects and exposures.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey combined with routine primary care electronic health records (EHR) data was conducted in 2017 in rural areas of the Netherlands with high concentration of fruit crops (n = 3,321, aged ≥ 16 years). Individual exposure to pesticides was estimated using geocoded data on fruit crops around the home. Validated instruments were used to assess symptom report and psychological perceptions and attitudes. Annual prevalence of various health symptoms was derived from EHRs. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze associations between health symptoms (outcome), fruit crops, and multiple psychological perceptions and attitudes (confounders).

Results

Living in the vicinity of fruit crop fields was generally not associated with self-reported symptom duration and general practitioner (GP) registered symptoms. For self-reported symptoms, symptom prevalence decreased when crop density within 250 m and 500 m from the home increased. No associations were found at other distances. Furthermore, higher levels of environmental worries, perceived exposure, and perceived sensitivity to pesticides and attribution of symptoms to environmental exposures were generally associated with a higher number of self-reported symptoms, and longer symptom duration. Symptoms reported to GPs were not associated with psychological perceptions and attitudes, except for perceived sensitivity to pesticides.

Conclusion

Psychological perceptions and attitudes appear to be related to self-reported symptoms, but not to GP-registered symptoms, independent of the actual levels of exposure as measured by the size of the area of crop fields. Perceptions about environmental factors should be taken into account in environmental health risk assessment research when studying health symptoms.
Advanced single-cell and spatial analysis with high-multiplex characterization of circulating tumor cells and tumor tissue in prostate cancer: Unveiling resistance mechanisms with the CoDuCo in situ assay
Authors: Bonstingl Lilli , Zinnegger Margret , Sallinger Katja , Pankratz Karin , Müller Christin-Therese , Pritz Elisabeth , Odar Corinna , Skofler Christina , Ulz Christine , Oberauner-Wappis Lisa , Borrás-Cherrier Anatol , Somođi Višnja , Heitzer Ellen , Kroneis Thomas , Bauernhofer Thomas , El-Heliebi Amin
Published: November 2024

Background

Metastatic prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous and dynamic disease and practicable tools for patient stratification and resistance monitoring are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA are promising, however, comprehensive testing is essential due to diverse mechanisms of resistance. Previously, we demonstrated the utility of mRNA-based in situ padlock probe hybridization for characterizing CTCs.

Methods

We have developed a novel combinatorial dual-color (CoDuCo) assay for in situ mRNA detection, with enhanced multiplexing capacity, enabling the simultaneous analysis of up to 15 distinct markers. This approach was applied to CTCs, corresponding tumor tissue, cancer cell lines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for single-cell and spatial gene expression analysis. Using supervised machine learning, we trained a random forest classifier to identify CTCs. Image analysis and visualization of results was performed using open-source Python libraries, CellProfiler, and TissUUmaps.

Results

Our study presents data from multiple prostate cancer patients, demonstrating the CoDuCo assay’s ability to visualize diverse resistance mechanisms, such as neuroendocrine differentiation markers (SYP, CHGA, NCAM1) and AR-V7 expression. In addition, druggable targets and predictive markers (PSMA, DLL3, SLFN11) were detected in CTCs and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The machine learning-based CTC classification achieved high performance, with a recall of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.99.

Conclusions

The combination of high multiplex capacity and microscopy-based single-cell analysis is a unique and powerful feature of the CoDuCo in situ assay. This synergy enables the simultaneous identification and characterization of CTCs with epithelial, epithelial-mesenchymal, and neuroendocrine phenotypes, the detection of CTC clusters, the visualization of CTC heterogeneity, as well as the spatial investigation of tumor tissue. This assay holds significant potential as a tool for monitoring dynamic molecular changes associated with drug response and resistance in prostate cancer.
Isolation and characterization of halophilic Bacillus thuringiensis from local Egyptian sites and their potential against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Noran E. M. , Amin M. K. , Abdelsalam A. , Elashtokhy M. M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) serves as a peculiar soil microbe that is Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, and aerobic facultative. It endures across a range of conditions and has been demonstrated to be an effective biological pest control agent against several insect pests. The main objective of the study is to isolate and recognize Bt bacteria from saline environments in Egyptian soil for biological surveillance uses.

Results

Isolates three, four, five, ten, eleven, twelve, and thirteen were found to be moderately tolerant, while isolate eight showed highly tolerant, but isolate six was found to be borderline extreme halophile. On the other hand, the other isolates showed extreme halophiles. To find out the presence of crystals, a scanning electron microscope was carried out and the result showed that the crystals ranged from spherical to bi-pyramidal spherical. Molecular analysis was carried out using universal primers to confirm the presence of cry genes. The results showed that 84.6% of the isolates contain cry seven and eight, whereas cry one and four are distributed by 92.3%. Cry two genes were found to be 100 percent in all tested and isolated cultures. Cry genes were present and distribution among isolated was detected using gene-specific primers. cry3Ba1 and cry8B showed the lowest and equal distribution among the isolates, while the cry2Ab2gene frequency distribution was (84.6%) among isolated cultures. Around six cry genes were found to be absent in all isolated cultures. The bioinsecticidal activity and bioassays were carried out to check the potential effect of halophilic Bt isolates against 1st instar larvae of the Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Mortality was calculated after infecting S. frugiperda with thirteen Bt isolates. The most virulent Bt isolate was isolate 7, followed by isolate 10, with LC50 values of 9.542 × 107 spores/ml and 1.289 × 108 spores/ml, respectively, after 72 h. Morphological traits of the larvae were carried out, to check the effect of Bt isolates as a biological control against the FAW.

Conclusion

To protect and enhance the sustainability of field crops and vegetables, especially in new high salinity lands, from disease-causing insects such as FAW, it is necessary to identify new strains of Bt from these saline lands. In this field, local isolates of Bt from several regions in Egypt known for their high levels of salinity were documented and showed an effective bioinsecticide on FAW larvae.
Assessment of liver x receptor messenger RNA beta and microRNA-146a in a group of Egyptian patients with Behçet’s disease
Authors: Ahmed Yara A. , Shaker Olfat G. , Fehr Amal , Wahb Amany M.
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an ongoing systemic vasculitis with mouth and genital ulceration and eye, skin, and systemic affection. It has considerable morbidity and mortality, and a high incidence and a higher male-to-female affection characterize Egypt. We aimed to evaluate liver x receptor messenger RNA beta (LXR β) and microRNA-146a (miR-146a) gene expression in Behçet’s disease cases in Egypt to relate them with clinicopathological features.

Subject and method

Eighty Egyptian individuals were split into two groups for the current study: Forty Behçet’s disease cases and forty healthy controls matched by age and gender from the Rheumatology Department at Helwan University Hospital, Egypt. The transformed score, also known as the Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF), was utilized to measure disease activity. To assess the amounts of LXR β and miR-146a serum expression via real-time PCR, a blood sample was obtained.

Results

There was a downregulation of both LXR β and miR-146a levels that significantly differed between the BD group and the control group (p = 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There is a noteworthy inverse relationship between the expression level of LXR β and BDCAF Patients Index (r = − 0.79 and p = 0.0001) was found. Regarding miR-146a, it had a reverse correlation with BDCAF Patients Index (r = − 0.89 and p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

LXR β and miR-146a were found to be significant non-invasive predictor biomarkers for Behçet’s disease and can indicate disease activity.
Revisiting tuberculosis diagnosis: the prospect of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a diagnostic tool in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Adedokun Ayodele Isaac , Bala Gaius , Elehamer Nafisa M. K. , Yohanna Raphael , Oyelabi Boluwatife Deborah , Gana Samuel Eniola
Published: November 2024

Background

Tuberculosis, since its discovery has become a global health burden, continuously spreading across the nations of the earth with increased mortality. Its effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression and immune cell deterioration cannot be overlooked. The widespread use of traditional and molecular TB diagnostic methods has been hindered by several factors. Nonetheless, the development of a rapid, sensitive, timely, non-invasive diagnostic protocol could revolutionise the diagnostic era and halt the spread of this infectious agent. It could also help in the early diagnosis of the infection in poorly developed areas. The detection efficacy of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a prospect in tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients was assessed in this study. Urine samples were collected into a wide-mouthed universal container from HIV-positive patients with signs and symptom of tuberculosis and HIV advanced disease. Alere determine urine lateral flow—LAM test was used for the detection of LAM antigen in urine samples of HIV-positive patients. The CD4 count of the HIV-positive patients was also documented.

Results

A total of 85 HIV-positive subjects were included in the analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Urinary LAM was reactive in 29 (34.1%) of 85 HIV-positive patients and non-reactive in 56 (69.1%). The majority of the participants had a CD4+ count < 200 cells/µL 60 (70.6%), while others had CD4+ count ≥ to 200 cells/µL 25 (29.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between CD4 count and LAM positivity. Most of the affected age groups in the study were 31–45 years, and females had preponderance in comparison to male subjects.

Conclusions

The use of urinary LAM in HIV-positive patients is a helpful tool for TB screening. It also has a promising ability for early TB diagnosis in the study group and other TB-associated disease conditions in resource-deprived settings. For the general populace, further research is required to certify its sensitivity and specificity.
Alternative X-ray attenuation material from iodide-starch-gel-based materials
Authors:   Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Suriya Nutjaree , Jantawong Kunjira ,   Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Wongsaroch Jinnipa ,   Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Sawaengteerakul Napattra ,   Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Udomtanakunchai Chatchanok ,   Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Published: November 2024

Background: Iodine is often used as a contrast media because the k-shell binding energy (K-edge) is 33.2 keV, the average energy of a diagnostic X-ray. Thus, iodine can be utilized as a radiation attenuation material for X-rays. Objective: This study aimed to produce low-energy X-ray attenuation materials used as X-ray shielding. A sodium iodide compound will be synthesized by polymerizing mung bean starch with sodium iodide. Materials and methods: The iodide-starch-gel-based material (ISG) was made by mixing a mung bean starch solution (10 %w/w) with a sodium iodide (NaI) solution (100, 200, 250, and 300 mg-Iodine/gm). The linear attenuation coefficient (µ) was determined using radiation dose acquired from the DR plate system and CdTe detector. The X-rays were done at 50 - 120 kVp to study the attenuation properties. Results: The results showed that the linear attenuation coefficient of t ISG was slightly higher than that of sodium iodide solution at the same concentration. The spectrum still shows an X-ray absorption characteristic at about 30.1-40.5 keV K-edge range. Conclusion: Iodide-starch-gel-based components can attenuate X-ray with a K-edge range from 30-40 kVp. The attenuation coefficient of X-ray radiation varies linearly with energy level. Moreover, the concentration of the NaI solution is directly proportional to the attenuation of X-ray radiation. Thus, based on these properties and the gel-like consistency of the substance, it can be developed into a surface coating material to reduce X-ray radiation exposure.
How to Teach and Make the Iberian Arthurian Contemporary Tradition Available to World Audiences? The Need to Resort to Translation
Authors: Zarandona Juan Miguel
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay calls for a comprehensive scholarly project using the translation of contemporary literary texts into English and other languages to introduce Iberian and Latin American Arthurian literature to a wider international community of students, general readers, and scholars. It also proposes possible contents for a general anthology of contemporary Iberian and Latin American texts in translation, and suggests a wide range of courses in the Iberian and Latin American Arthurian traditions.
100 Years of Surrealist Imagination: Releasing the Bird from the Cage
Authors: Konstantinou Christina
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay examines Surrealism’s relation to the precious concept of freedom by studying the surrealist conception of the imagination, in particular André Breton’s thoughts on imagination and poetry in the "Manifesto of Surrealism" (1924). In order to appreciate Breton’s influence across Europe, the essay shifts its focus onto Czech Surrealism, emphasizing the contradictions and similarities between Bretonian and Czech surrealist thinking through the inclusion of sources and excerpts by members of the Czechoslovak surrealist group—especially by Vratislav Effenberger—as well as fragments from a personal interview with Surrealist Jan Švankmajer. The essay considers the relationship between critical thinking and imagination; according to the Czechoslovak surrealist group, imagination enables individuals to be aware of the deteriorating state of their critical faculties which have been impacted by “formalized civilization.” Based on the doctrine of dialectics, Effenberger views imagination as a negating force that becomes a “furnace” in which conscious and unconscious components are molded together, potentially expressed in the form of concrete irrationality, which can be considered as an expression of surrealist negation of negation . Essentially, Surrealism and the surrealist conception of imagination allow individuals to realize—apart from the failure of their critical thinking—the deteriorating state of all of civilization. In this way, Surrealism and imagination become associated within the concept of freedom since they are the means of gaining a superior awareness of reality.
Artist’s Statement and Greeting Card Collages
Authors: Elléouët Aube Breton , Conley Katharine
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This Introduction to the five greeting card collages by Aube Breton Élléouët reproduced in this issue’s “Portfolio” section presents the collage artist, who describes herself as “romantistique” rather than surrealist, through a selection of the greeting card collages, chosen from each of the first three decades of the twenty-first century, that she sends her circle at the outset of each New Year. Evocative of dreams, games, female bodies, and the constellated night sky, usually set in Brittany, Élléouët’s collaged cards hark back to Surrealism’s founding artistic genre of collage, hailed by André Breton, her father, in May 1921 as representative of “a veritable photography of thought,” thus anticipating the accent on surrealism as “psychic automatism in its pure state” in the first “Manifesto” that defined the movement.
Chaosmosis: Ethical, Artistic, Political Stakes
Authors: Lebel Jean-Jacques , Mahon Alyce , Conley Katharine
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This essay introduces the concept of "Chaosmosis," as employed by Jean-Jacques Lebel for the collective exhibition of the same name at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris in 2024. Considering the intellectual origins of the term, from the writings of James Joyce, Umberto Eco, and Félix Guattari, as well as Lebel’s close friendship with Guattari, it explains how "chaosmos" offers an ethico-aesthetic paradigm with which to conceive of and continue the surrealist revolution.
Let the Subaltern Speak: Libanius’ Rewriting of Epic Heroism
Authors: Stenger Jan R.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: One of Libanius’ Progymnasmata , an encomium, is devoted to the most unheroic character of the Iliad : Thersites. This essay analyzes how Libanius, in critical engagement with Homer and cleverly filling the gaps in the Iliadic episode, endeavors to rehabilitate Thersites in order to propose an alternative model of heroism that challenges the traditional heroic norms. L’un des Progymnasmata de Libanios, un éloge, est dédié au personnage le moins héroïque de l’ Iliade : Thersite. Cet article analyse de quelle façon Libanios, en adoptant une posture critique envers Homère et en remplissant intelligemment les blancs de l’épisode homérique, tente de réhabiliter Thersite afin de proposer une alternative au modèle classique de l’héroïsme, alternative qui remet en cause les normes héroïques traditionnelles.
“Arms and the Man I Praise”: The Emperor and the Hero in Late Antiquity
Authors: Ware Catherine
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Although he measures up in terms of virtues and deeds, the emperor of late antique panegyrics cannot be seen as a classical hero. This paper will ask why, before considering how in fact the imperial persona of the panegyrics was critical in the creation of the late antique epic hero. Bien qu’il en soit à la hauteur de par ses vertus et ses exploits, l’empereur des panégyriques de l’Antiquité tardive ne peut pas être vu comme un héros classique. Cet article explorera pourquoi, avant de considérer de quelle façon le personnage impérial des panégyriques a réellement joué un rôle crucial dans la création du héros épique de l’Antiquité tardive.
Romanizing Heroes in Prudentius’ Peristephanon : Cyprian, Romanus, and Quirinus
Authors: Tsartsidis Thomas
Published: November 2024

Abstract: In this paper, I examine the various techniques through which Prudentius romanizes martyrs not directly associated with Rome: Cyprian ( Perist . 13), Romanus ( Perist . 10), and Quirinus ( Perist . 7). In so doing, he creates role models for his readers that promote his political vision. Dans cet article, j’examine les différentes techniques grâce auxquelles Prudence romanise des martyrs qui ne sont pas directement associés à Rome : Cyprien ( Perist . 13), Romain ( Perist . 10), et Quirin ( Perist . 7). En faisant cela, il crée des modèles de référence qui mettent en valeur sa vision politique auprès de ses lecteurs.
Short-Circuiting Heroism: Suicidal Achilles(Es) in Quintus Smyrnaeus’ Posthomerica
Authors: Hadjittofi Fotini
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Quintus’ Posthomerica includes no fewer than three episodes in which Achillean characters bring about their own deaths: Achilles himself, Ajax, and Oenone. The last episode, coming soon after the successful resolution of Philoctetes’ wrath in Book 9, suggests that this Achillean type of heroism irrevocably leads to (self-)destruction but also that an epic poem written in the traditional mold cannot entirely dispense with this type of short-circuiting heroism. Les Posthomériques de Quintus de Smyrne ne comprennent pas moins de trois épisodes dans lesquels des personnages achilléens causent leur propre mort : Achille lui-même, Ajax, et Œnone. Le dernier épisode, qui a lieu peu après que la colère de Philoctète a trouvé une issue favorable au chant IX, suggère que ce type d’héroïsme achilléen mène inexorablement à l’(auto)destruction mais aussi qu’un poème épique composé dans le moule traditionnel ne peut totalement se passer de ce type d’héroïsme qui cause un court-circuit chez le héros.
Who is Speaking? A Computational Analysis of Homeric Heroic Voices in the Homerocentones (First Recension)
Authors: Verhelst Berenice
Published: November 2024

Abstract: With all their lines culled from Homer, the gospel characters of the late antique Homerocentones sound unavoidably Homeric, as each line associates them with particular Homeric characters and contexts. This leads to an excess of interpretative potential. This paper explores a computational approach to the cento using the data available through a prototype of the DICES Database of Greek and Latin Epic Speeches to sift through the wealth of references. Avec toutes les lignes qu’ils empruntent à Homère, les personnages de gospel des Centons homériques de l’Antiquité tardive ne peuvent que sonner homérique, puisque chaque ligne les associe à des personnages et des contextes homériques spécifiques. De ce fait, ils offrent de trop nombreuses possibilités d’interprétation. Cet article explore une approche computationnelle du centon en utilisant les données rendues disponibles par un prototype de la Database of Greek and Latin Epic Speeches de la DICES pour naviguer au milieu de cette profusion de références.
Representación de la mujer y poder persuasivo en las tarjetas de masaje oriental
Authors: Gómez Lozano Dina Shirley , Zhang Leticia Tian
Published: November 2024

En el presente artículo estudiamos un tipo especial de las tarjetas publicitarias, que bajo la denominación de “tarjetas de masaje oriental” promocionan el servicio sexual en Barcelona, donde la prostitución coactiva es ilegal. Buscamos revelar el proceso persuasivo en la transmisión del mensaje implícito, partiendo de la hipótesis de que en las tarjetas se construyen unos roles femeninos y se establecen unas relaciones narrativas entre ellos y el destinatario. Dentro del marco de la representación de la mujer en la publicidad y la narrativa canónica, empleamos el análisis multimodal para examinar los componentes gráficos y textuales de un corpus compuesto por 33 tarjetas. Descubrimos que las mujeres mostradas corresponden con los prototipos establecidos por Goffman (1979) y Gill (2009). Asimismo, encontramos que la narrativa sugerida llega hasta la fase de competencia, puesto que se considera al receptor de la publicidad como héroe invitado a consumir el producto, la mujer fotografiada, la cual, a su vez se identifica como objeto a salvar.
O habitus institucional da política de imigração brasileira - um olhar transversal - a legitimação do Estado-nação
Authors: Radhay Rachael Anneliese
Published: November 2024

O discurso da imigração pertence ao habitus institucional e também ao mundo pessoal (lifeworld) do imigrante: pressupõe relações e redes de poder, naturalizadas e construídas no discurso da imigração. Esse discurso e o poder remetem a hierarquias de contextos e relações em que múltiplas verdades são construídas no tocante à imigração. Essas verdades são argumentos que fortalecem a hegemonia do Estado em que o imigrante é construído ora como ameaça à segurança nacional, ora como ameaça à mão-de-obra brasileira; ora como imigrantes altamente qualificados, inseridos no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Mesmo assim, reivindicações de grupos para direitos humanos e as exigências legais referentes a direitos humanos geram outros discursos públicos dentro do habitus institucional, desse modo, é preciso entender como o disciplinamento e controle são construídos à luz de uma Abordagem Histórico-Discursiva e à legitimação contextual (Reisigl & Wodak, 2016; Ietçu-Fairclough, 2008).
¿Adversario o enemigo? La expresión discursiva de la violencia hacia el otro en el discurso de Hugo Chávez Frías. Una aproximación diacrónico-contextual
Authors: Adrián Segovia Thays , Jáimez Esteves Rita
Published: November 2024

Una diacronía del discurso de Hugo Chávez Frías evidencia que, recién electo presidente, el tratamiento inicial hacia sus contrarios se correspondía con lo que en política se asume como adversario u oponente. No obstante, a medida que transcurren sus trece años en la Presidencia de la República, la referencia al otro se hace en términos de enemigo, y el léxico de su discurso muestra rasgos del hate speech o discurso de odio. El objetivode estas páginas consiste en analizar el modo como, a través de la violencia discursiva, Hugo Chávez Frías construye una imagen negativa de sus contradictores que cambia, varía en intensidad, se atenúa o se acentúa, con el transcurrir del tiempo y a causa de diferentes acontecimientos nacionales e internacionales. Catorce (14) alocuciones que van desde sus primeras intervenciones como presidente electo de Venezuela (1999) hasta su última aparición pública ocurrida en diciembre de 2012, antes de su deceso, constituyen el corpus. El análisis arroja los siguientes hallazgos: (a) el discurso ideológico varía contextualmente y los contextos controlan su producción y comprensión (Van Dijk, 2004, 2005, 2008a, b, 2009, 2013); (b) hay dos clases de enemigos: externos e internos, que, ocasionalmente, se integran; (c) la conversión del adversario político en enemigo está sujeta al tipo de situación comunicativa o evento específico; (d) pasa de enemigos abstractos a enemigos concretos, a quienes señala directamente. En este último escenario, el odio adquiere centralidad en la discursividad política de Hugo Chávez Frías.
La afectividad como estrategia discursiva en la diplomacia de Venezuela con España
Authors: Nieto y Otero María Jesús
Published: November 2024

En este trabajo analizamos la afectividad en el discurso político. Buscamos responder las siguientes interrogantes: ¿El presidente venezolano Nicolás Maduro emplea afectividad en sus intervenciones de carácter diplomático con España? ¿Cómo se manifiesta la afectividad en el discurso y cuáles son las funciones que realiza? Partimos de la teoría de los sentimientos de Castilla (2000), y de los estudios sobre la afectividad y el discurso de Caffi and Janney (1994), Janney (1996), TenHouten (2007), Rovira (2017). Pretendemos ampliar nuestras investigaciones sobre vinculación afectiva en el discurso político (Nieto, 2002, 2012; Hidalgo y Nieto, 2014) incluyendo la polaridad negativa. El corpus lo forman las intervenciones del presidente Maduro (2013-2018) sobre los conflictos diplomáticos entre Venezuela y España. Estas intervenciones las hemos clasificado en cinco eventos, por orden cronológico. Del análisis se concluye que Maduro emplea las tres funciones de la afectividad de Castilla (2000) en todos los eventos; construye a España como enemigo, y además genera miedo con el recurso a la polaridad negativa.
Polêmicas na mídia digital sobre o ensino religioso: o destacamento e o viés ético discursivo
Authors: Melo Lafayette Batista , Moraes Érika de
Published: November 2024

Este artigo toma como base a problemática sobre a polêmica proposta por Ruty Amossy, a fim de tratar de uma questão polêmica particular, relacionada a concepções sobre o ensino religioso que circulam no espaço público brasileiro. Analisando um corpus específico, buscamos estudar como funciona tal embate no espaço da Internet, especialmente como se manifesta nos destacamentos dos títulos. As próprias estratégias de constituição do corpus – com investigações por meio de comandos avançados do Google, cópia dos títulos, registro dos dados em planilha, uso de um sistema para verificação de tendências e utilização de uma ferramenta para geração de nuvens de palavras – apontam caminhos para a análise, revelando contornos da polêmica. O termo “ensino religioso confessional” se mostra um ponto de tensão da polêmica da qual tratamos.
Desdobramentos da noção de memória discursiva: o caso Mais Médicos
Authors: Oliveira Hélio , Almeida Júlia
Published: November 2024

As particularidades teóricas da noção de memória discursiva na vertente francesa da Análise do Discurso fornecem o quadro conceitual para a análise de enunciados da mídia brasileira por ocasião da chegada dos médicos cubanos no Brasil. Recusando a desistorização e a psicologização da noção, tal como apontam as pesquisas de Marie-Anne Paveau, a Análise do Discurso aproximou a memória das noções de pré-construído, já-dito e interdiscurso, o que permite analisar no corpus, entre outros aspectos, a retomada, a reformulação e a rejeição de uma memória da escravidão no Brasil, que embasa posicionamentos na atualidade política do país, em recusa ou em apoio ao golpe de 2016.
A polêmica enquanto modalidade argumentativa ou discursiva: o debate em torno da “carta das francesas”
Authors: Vilela-Ardenghi Ana Carolina , Mussalim Fernanda
Published: November 2024

Com o objetivo central, do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, de testar a produtividade de duas propostas distintas de tratamento da polêmica, o presente trabalho debruça-se sobre os debates decorrentes da publicação da chamada “carta das francesas” pelo Le Monde em janeiro de 2018. A referida carta, assinada por cem mulheres, instaura uma polêmica com um posicionamento a que se poderia chamar genericamente de “feminista”. A partir das propostas de Amossy ([2014] 2017), que assume a polêmica como modalidade argumentativa, e de Maingueneau ([1984] 2008), que a assume como uma modalidade discursiva característica do funcionamento da interdiscursividade, apresentaremos aqui análises de recortes que assumimos como representativos da polêmica em tela, mostrando, assim, em que medida os dois quadros teóricos contribuem para sua explicação.
Considerações sobre o sintagma “lugar de fala”: um operador de vozes empoderadas?
Authors: Salgado Luciana Salazar , Gatti Márcio Antônio
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, examinamos alguns aspectos da circulação da expressão “lugar de fala”, valendo-nos da noção de fórmula discursiva proposta por Krieg-Planque (2010) para o estudo de sintagmas cristalizados cujos percursos no espaço público permitem acompanhar um debate. Com base nisso, a própria noção de espaço público põe problemas interessantes: em tempos de fragmentação e dispersão na comunicação social, em que arenas se dão os embates, em que lugares se tecem os debates? Acompanhando uma certa tradição nas ciências sociais, consideramos o texto “Pode o subalterno falar?”, de Gayatri Spivakvc como documento fundador, na medida em que registra a expressão “lugar de fala” como centro de um pensamento político com dimensões teórica e prática. Os dados colhidos mostram que “lugar de fala” assume traços semânticos de empoderamento de vozes periféricas (ou de minorias), mas também, em certos usos, assume traços de um poder que inibe ou interdita vozes outras.
A misoginia como condicionante do golpe de 2016 no Brasil
Authors: Possenti Sírio
Published: November 2024

O trabalho sustenta que a misoginia foi fator relevante para o desfecho do golpe de Estado ocorrido no Brasil em 2016, que culminou com o afastamento da presidenta eleita Dilma Rousseff. Em primeiro lugar, documentam-se brevemente discursos que tratam negativamente da mulher Dilma, especialmente na mídia, eventualmente repercutindo depoimentos de personalidades e de políticos. Em seguida, caracteriza-se a misoginia pela breve análise de alguns fatos, como as manifestações ocorridas na abertura da Copa do Mundo. Finalmente, analisam-se excertos de dois livros: um que reúne páginas humorísticas (Diário da Dilma), que representam de maneira derrisória suas ações de governo e/ou sua suposta vida doméstica; outro, Dilmês, o idioma da mulher sapiens, que tenta caracterizar a então Presidenta como mentalmente confusa, “analisando” determinados pronunciamentos de maneira desinformada e preconceituosa.
Rir de si nas redes sociais: memes e autoderrisão
Authors: Muniz Cellina
Published: November 2024

A pretensão, com este artigo, é refletir sobre o fenômeno da autoderrisão – mais uma manifestação discursiva do humor – nas redes sociais. Mais especificamente, trata-se de refletir sobre a zombaria de si nos gêneros discursivos memes. Contrariando em parte uma concepção platônico-aristotélica sobre o riso (uma condição do animal humano, mas que é fruto de um “duplo erro”), o objetivo é demonstrar, por meio de alguns exemplos, como a estética de memes em que o “eu” é tomado como objeto de zombaria faz valer uma outra compreensão ética sobre o riso – baseada no pensamento nietzscheano –, mas que faz uso de procedimentos linguageiros tradicionais ao discurso humorístico (hipérboles, paródias, ambiguidades, ironias etc.).
Uma campanha publicitária: diferentes leituras, diferentes memórias
Authors: Aquino Patrícia Aparecida de , Bitencourt Daiane Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

Neste trabalho, analisamos peças de uma campanha publicitária retirada de circulação por ter sido considerada machista e antiética. Primeiramente, nos detivemos em sua materialidade linguística e, posteriormente, analisamos os percursos de memória que permitiram que a campanha fosse lida de diferentes perspectivas, associada a diferentes discursos. Para tanto, mobilizamos os conceitos de memória e de implícito de Achard (1983) e de Pêcheux (1983).
Novas campanhas publicitárias para mulheres: ruptura ou mais do mesmo?
Authors: Brunelli Anna Flora , Fossey Marcela Franco
Published: November 2024

Nesse trabalho, analisamos uma peça publicitária recente que se dirige a mulheres buscando verificar como é estabelecido o diálogo com o discurso que tem como objetivo declarado libertar as mulheres da opressão do imperativo de beleza. Para tanto, adotamos um ponto de vista interdisciplinar, no qual nos servimos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa e de certos postulados da Psicologia Social sobre os estereótipos, especialmente os de gênero. Com a análise, nosso objetivo principal foi verificar, considerando a imagem de mulher que emerge na campanha, como uma certa memória é mobilizada para a interpretação do enunciado que compõem o slogan dessa peça e em que medida estamos diante de uma real ruptura com o discurso de valorização do imperativo de beleza.
“Acabar com a Cracolândia”: um enunciado dividido entre dilemas sociais e indivíduos perigosos
Authors: Figueira Filipo Pires
Published: November 2024

Este texto se propõe a analisar a sequência discursiva de referência “Acabar com a Cracolândia”, promessa do então prefeito de São Paulo, João Doria Jr., que circulou na época de sua intervenção policial na região da Luz. O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir os diferentes efeitos da sdr por ter sido empregada por formações discursivas antagônicas na polêmica que seguiu a operação policial. Analisou-se a sdr a partir da teoria da semântica global de Maingueneau. Como resultado, constatou-se que, apesar de sua aparência estável, a sdr foi um enunciado divido e disputado pelas FDs.
Gênero e corpo: uma análise do discurso sobre a transexualidade
Authors: Felicíssimo Manuella , Lara Glaucia Muniz Proença
Published: November 2024

Este artigo analisa “Encontrando Bianca”, um dos cinco vídeos que integravam o projeto “Escola sem Homofobia”, criado pelo governo federal em 2004 e vetado em 2011. O referido vídeo relata, em 1ª. pessoa, a transformação de José Ricardo em Bianca. À luz de algumas categorias da Semiótica Discursiva, tais como as relações entre sujeitos e entre estes e os objetos, as modalidades, os temas e as figuras, serão abordadas noções como corpo, sexualidade, gênero social e identidade, a fim de que seja possível apreender os mecanismos que engendram a rede de significações que cercam a questão da transgeneridade. Os resultados da análise apontam para um contradiscurso, que confronta o padrão de heteronormatividade vigente na sociedade, na medida em que legitima a ruptura de José Ricardo/Bianca com o sistema de símbolos da masculinidade e sua conjunção com os valores do universo feminino, inaugurando, assim, um novo paradigma para a identidade de gênero.
Las “Ilustraciones comentadas” como espacios de memorias de la violación de los derechos humanos en Chile entre 1973 y 1990
Authors: Baeza Duffy Patricia , Manghi Haquin Dominique
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo cualitativo se enfoca en la construcción valorativa intermodal (visual-verbal) de hechos de violación de los derechos humanos ocurridos en Chile durante la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990). El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en explorar cómo diferentes ilustradores chilenos, participantes del Concurso Mala Memoria II, evalúan el citado período y construyen evidencialidad histórica a través de la combinación de sus imágenes y de los textos verbales ubicados al pie de estas. El corpus está conformado por las veinticuatro ilustracionesii premiadas en este evento organizado por el Museo de la Memoria de Santiago de Chile y por Balmaceda Arte Joven. La aproximación teórica-metodológica a los significados valorativos intermodales de las creaciones seleccionadas de los ilustradores es realizada desde una perspectiva integradora que armoniza los aportes del Modelo de la Valoración y la perspectiva socio-semiótica y crítica de la intersubjetividad. Los resultados muestran que la construcción de significados de memorias personales y sociales es realizada a través de prosodias evaluativas intersemióticas que legitiman o deslegitiman actores, procesos sociales y eventos históricos, por medio de estrategias, tales como: Respuesta desde el miedo, Animalización, Deshumanización y Condenación. Los ilustradores aparecen altamente alineados con macro-estrategias de transformación de ese status quo, opuestas a la violación de derechos humanos.
El consenso en los discursos de asunción de Tabaré Vázquez y José Mujica
Authors: Reyes Guindo Felipe
Published: November 2024

En los discursos de asunción, los presidentes uruguayos realizan una declaración inicial de intenciones, esbozando brevemente cuáles serán las principales líneas de actuación del nuevo gobierno y sugiriendo a la oposición el grado de colaboración que el gobierno espera de ella. A través del ACD podemos identificar las diferencias discursivas que separan a ambos presidentes a la hora de abordar el marco del consenso. Estas diferencias están relacionadas con el modo de gobierno que cada uno de ellos ejerce; mayoritario en el caso de Vázquez y pluralista en el de Mujica. En este artículo se demuestra de forma comparada la influencia que las diversas estructuras del poder tienen en el discurso de los líderes políticos a la hora de abordar el marco específico del consenso.
Ideologias linguísticas no estudo do discurso: Educação inclusiva e questões contemporâneas
Authors: Magalhães Izabel
Published: November 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de debater o conceito de ideologia linguística no contexto contemporâneo de superdiversidade, em que diferentes escalas organizam o uso linguístico. Adotando uma perspectiva de aproximação entre a sociolinguística crítica e a análise de discurso crítica, são analisados exemplos que incluem textos online (WhatsApp, Campanha “O Verde É Nosso”) e offline (Entrevista com a mãe de uma estudante com deficiência, Carta anônima, “Aprendendo a receber”, Sugestão à Constituinte), além da discussão de uma trajetória textual que exemplifica três diferentes gêneros discursivos da educação inclusiva. Esses gêneros formam o corpus principal a ser analisado no artigo. Optou-se por uma abordagem que considera múltiplas escalas na produção discursiva situada de práticas sociais contemporâneas, em que se podem encontrar intolerância e desigualdade social (inclusive de gênero social), mas também um alinhamento com a mudança social relacionada ao direito da população ao bem-estar ambiental, contra interesses neocapitalistas, e uma atitude de liderança política feminina. Nossa principal conclusão é que as ideologias linguísticas devem ser investigadas em contextos sociais diversificados, pois elas podem esclarecer tanto a reprodução quanto a mudança social.