bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthy for Life Pilot Study: A Multicomponent School and Home Based Physical Activity Intervention for Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Pearce Karma , Dollman James
Published: August 2019

The study aimed to develop and evaluate a multicomponent school and home based physical activity (PA) intervention in children in grades 3–7 (aged 8–13 years) and determine the psychological variables that influence PA; 10 × 1 h school-based training sessions, a home-based activity program and 4 × 1 h lifestyle workshops for parents. PA was assessed at an intervention and nearby control school using accelerometers and self-report at 3-time points: baseline, post intervention and 10-week follow-up. Self-efficacy, self-management strategies, enjoyment, perceived barriers to PA, outcome-expectancy and social support were evaluated. The study showed 73% of the children with complete data sets at the intervention school (n = 27) did not increase device measured moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) in the after-school period (3 p.m. to 6 p.m.) or over the whole day or during school break time immediately following the intervention or at follow-up, as compared to 70% of children with complete data sets at the control school (n = 35; p > 0.05 for all). Overall, 59% of boys attained more than double the recommended 120 min of MVPA each day compared to 42% of girls (p = 0.013). At the baseline, children’s self-reported PA in the intervention school positively correlated with: outcome expectancy (R = 0.240, p = 0.015), enjoyment (R = 0.339, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (R = 0.399, p < 0.001), self-management (R = 0.617, p < 0.001), social support at home (R = 0.406, p < 0.001), and social support at school (R = 0.407, p < 0.001). Similar relationships were observed after the intervention and at follow-up. Focus groups with the children, parents and interviews with teachers identified areas for improvement of the intervention. In conclusion, while the multifaceted approach to improve PA was ineffective over the time span of the study, important predictors of PA in this sample of disadvantaged children were identified.
Characterization of Periodic Incoming Wakes in a Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade Test Section by Means of a Fast-Response Single Sensor Virtual Three-Hole Probe
Authors: Clinckemaillie Julien , Arts Tony
Published: August 2019

This paper aims at evaluating the characteristics of the wakes periodically shed by the rotating bars of a spoked-wheel type wake generator installed upstream of a high-speed low Reynolds linear low-pressure turbine blade cascade. Due to the very high bar passing frequency obtained with the rotating wake generator (fbar = 2.4−5.6 kHz), a fast-response pressure probe equipped with a single 350 mbar absolute Kulite sensor has been used. In order to measure the inlet flow angle fluctuations, an angular aerodynamic calibration of the probe allowed the use of the virtual three-hole mode; additionally, yielding yaw corrected periodic total pressure, static pressure and Mach number fluctuations. The results are presented for four bar passing frequencies (fbar = 2.4/3.2/4.6/5.6 kHz), each tested at three isentropic inlet Mach numbers M1,is = 0.26/0.34/0.41 and for Reynolds numbers varying between Re1,is = 40,000 and 58,000, thus covering a wide range of engine representative flow coefficients (ϕ = 0.44−1.60). The measured wake characteristics show fairly good agreement with the theory of fixed cylinders in a cross-flow and the evaluated total pressure losses and flow angle variations generated by the rotating bars show fairly good agreement with theoretical results obtained from a control volume analysis.
Preliminary Characterization of a Ni2+-Activated and Mycothiol-Dependent Glyoxalase I Enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , Honek John F.
Published: August 2019

The glyoxalase system consists of two enzymes, glyoxalase I (Glo1) and glyoxalase II (Glo2), and converts a hemithioacetal substrate formed between a cytotoxic alpha-ketoaldehyde, such as methylglyoxal (MG), and an intracellular thiol, such as glutathione, to a non-toxic alpha-hydroxy acid, such as d-lactate, and the regenerated thiol. Two classes of Glo1 have been identified. The first is a Zn2+-activated class and is exemplified by the Homo sapiens Glo1. The second class is a Ni2+-activated enzyme and is exemplified by the Escherichia coli Glo1. Glutathione is the intracellular thiol employed by Glo1 from both these sources. However, many organisms employ other intracellular thiols. These include trypanothione, bacillithiol, and mycothiol. The trypanothione-dependent Glo1 from Leishmania major has been shown to be Ni2+-activated. Genetic studies on Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum focused on MG resistance have indicated the likely existence of Glo1 enzymes employing bacillithiol or mycothiol respectively, although no protein characterizations have been reported. The current investigation provides a preliminary characterization of an isolated mycothiol-dependent Glo1 from Streptomyces coelicolor. The enzyme has been determined to display a Ni2+-activation profile and indicates that Ni2+-activated Glo1 are indeed widespread in nature regardless of the intracellular thiol employed by an organism.
Utilization of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction and High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Asleh Rabea , Resar Jon
Published: August 2019

Given the tremendous progress in interventional cardiology over the last decade, a growing number of older patients, who have more comorbidities and more complex coronary artery disease, are being considered for technically challenging and high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The success of performing such complex PCI is increasingly dependent on the availability and improvement of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, which aim to provide hemodynamic support and left ventricular (LV) unloading to enable safe and successful coronary revascularization. MCS as an adjunct to high-risk PCI may, therefore, be an important component for improvement in clinical outcomes. MCS devices in this setting can be used for two main clinical conditions: patients who present with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and those undergoing technically complex and high-risk PCI without having overt cardiogenic shock. The current article reviews the advancement in the use of various devices in both AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock and complex high-risk PCI, highlights the available hemodynamic and clinical data associated with the use of MCS devices, and presents suggestive management strategies focusing on appropriate patient selection and optimal timing and support to potentially increase the clinical benefit from utilizing these devices during PCI in this high-risk group of patients.
Experimental Investigation of Laser Surface Transformation Hardening of 4340 Steel Spur Gears
Authors: Borki Al Khader , El Ouafi Abderrazak , Chebak Ahmed
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an experimental investigation of laser surface transformation hardening (LSTH) of 4340 steel spur gears using regression analysis. The experimental work is focused on the effects of various LSTH parameters on the hardness profile shape and the hardened depth variation. The investigations are based on a structured design of experiments and improved statistical analysis tools. The experimentations are carried out on AISI 4340 steel spur gears using a commercial 3 kW Nd:YAG laser system. Laser power, scanning speed, and rotation speed are used as process parameters to evaluate the variation of the hardened depth and to identify the possible relationship between the process parameters and the hardened zone physical and geometrical characteristics. Based on the experimental data and analysis of variance, the direct and interactive contributions of the process parameters on the variation of the hardness profile shape and the hardened depth are analyzed. The main effects and the interaction effects are also evaluated. The results reveal that all the process parameters are relevant. The cumulative contribution of the three parameters in the hardened depth variation represents more than 80% with a clear predominance of laser power. The contribution of the interactions between the parameters represents 12% to 16%. The resulting hardness values are relatively similar for all the experimental tests with about 60 HRC. The evaluation of the produced regression models for hardened depth prediction shows limited performance suggesting that the predictive modeling process can be improved.
Study on the Optimal Wave Energy Absorption Power of a Float in Waves
Authors: Luan Zhengxiao , He Guanghua , Zhang Zhigang , Jing Penglin , Jin Ruijia , Geng Baolei , Liu Chaogang
Published: August 2019

The utilization of ocean renewable energy, especially wave energy, is of great significance in ocean engineering. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical wave tank was established to simulate the wave-float interaction based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the Realizable K-Epsilon Two-Layer turbulence model was applied. Firstly, convergence studies with respect to the mesh and time step were carried out and confirmed by the published analytical and numerical data. Then, the resonance condition of a particular float was solved by both numerical and analytical methods. The numerical and the analytical results are mutually verified in good agreements, which verify the reliability of the analytical process. Furthermore, a wave energy converter (WEC) consisting of a single float without damping constant was adopted, and its hydrodynamic performance in different wave conditions was investigated. It was found that the damping factor can affect the motion response of the float and the wave force it receives. Under a certain wavelength condition, the WEC resonates with the wave, at which the wave force on the float, displacement of the float and other parameters reach a maximum value. Finally, the influence of linear damping constant on the power take-off (PTO) was studied. The results show that the damping factor does not affect the wave number turning point of the optimal damping constant.
Influence of Nano-SiO2, Nano-CaCO3 and Nano-Al2O3 on Rheological Properties of Cement–Fly Ash Paste
Authors: Peng Yiming , Ma Kunlin , Long Guangcheng , Xie Youjun
Published: August 2019

Rheological curves of cement–fly ash (C–FA) paste incorporating nanomaterials including nano-SiO2 (NS), nano-CaCO3 (NC) and nano-Al2O3 (NA) at different resting times (hydration time of 5 min, 60 min, and 120 min) were tested with a rheometer. The rheological behaviors were described by the Herschel–Bulkley (H–B) model, and the influences of these nanomaterials on rheological properties of C–FA paste were compared. Results show that the types, content of nanomaterials and resting time have great influences on the rheological properties of C–FA paste. Incorporating NS and NA increases yield stress and plastic viscosity, and decreases the rheological index of C–FA paste. When the content of NS and NA were 2 wt%, the rheological index of C–FA paste was less than 1, indicating rheological behavior changes from shear thickening to shear thinning. Meanwhile, with rising resting time, yield stress and plastic viscosity increased significantly, but the rheological index decreased evidently, showing paste takes on shear thinning due to the rise of resting time. However, incorporating 3 wt% NC and the rising of resting time did not change the rheological properties of C–FA paste. These differences are mainly that the specific surface area (SSA) of NS (150 m2/g) and NA (120 m2/g) are much larger than that of NC (40 m2/g). The huge SSA of NS and NA consume lots of free water and these tiny particles accelerate the hydration process during resting time.
Compressive and Flexural Strengths of EVA-Modified Mortars for 3D Additive Construction
Authors: Yeon Kyu-Seok , Kim Kwan Kyu , Yeon Jaeheum , Lee Hee Jun
Published: August 2019

The compressive and flexural strengths of mortars modified with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were experimentally investigated for use in three-dimensional (3D) additive construction (3DAC). EVA powder, which is available in a premix type, was employed as an admixture. The test results for the cast specimens showed that, at a curing age of 28 days, the compressive strengths ranged from 32.92 MPa to 43.50 MPa, and the flexural strengths ranged from 12.73 MPa to 14.49 MPa. The compressive and flexural strengths of the printed specimens were relatively lower: 23% to 26% and 3% to 7%, respectively. The compressive strength also decreased and the flexural strength increased when the EVA/cement ratio was increased. The results of the experiment reveal that the EVA-modified mortar had a high rate of strength development early on, making the material advantageous for use in 3DAC. It was determined that the appropriate EVA/cement ratio ranged between 5% and 15%. However, the printed specimens exhibited lower compressive and flexural strengths than did the cast specimens, and the compressive strength decreased as the EVA content was increased. This study provides the compressive and flexural strengths of common EVA-modified mortars, important data for 3DAC applications.
New Sulfur Organic Polymer-Concrete Composites Containing Waste Materials: Mechanical Characteristics and Resistance to Biocorrosion
Authors: Gutarowska Beata , Kotynia Renata , Bieliński Dariusz , Anyszka Rafał , Wręczycki Jakub , Piotrowska Małgorzata , Koziróg Anna , Berłowska Joanna , Dziugan Piotr
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to develop new sulfur-copolymer concrete composites using waste compounds that have good mechanical characteristics and show a resistance to biocorrosion. The comonomers used to synthesize the sulfur–organic copolymers were—90 wt. % sulfur; 5 wt. % dicyclopentadiene (DCPD); 5 wt. % organic monomers, styrene (SDS), 1-decene (SDD), turpentine (SDT), and furfural (SDF). The concrete composites based on sulfur–organic copolymers were filled with aggregates, sand, gravel, as well as additives and industrial waste such as fly ash or phosphogypsum. The sulfur–organic copolymers were found to be chemically stable (softening temperature, thermal stability, melting temperature, amount of recrystallized sulfur, and shore D hardness). Partial replacement of DCPD with other organic comonomers did not change the thermal stability markedly but did make the copolymers more elastic. However, the materials became significantly stiffer after repeated melting. All the tested copolymers were found to be resistant to microbial corrosion. The highest resistance was exhibited by the SDS-containing polymer, while the SDF polymer exhibited the greatest change due to the activity of the microorganisms (FTIR analysis and sulfur crystallization). The concrete composites with sulfur–organic copolymers containing DCPD, SDS, SDF, fly ash, and phosphogypsum were mechanically resistant to compression and stretching, had low water absorbance, and were resistant to factors, such as temperature and salt. Resistance to freezing and thawing (150 cycles) was not confirmed. The concrete composites with sulfur–organic copolymers showed resistance to bacterial growth and acid activity during 8 weeks of incubation with microorganisms. No significant structural changes were observed in the SDS composites after incubation with bacteria, whereas composites containing SDF showed slight changes (FTIR and microscopic analysis). The concrete composite containing sulfur, DCPD, SDS, sand, gravel, and fly ash was the most resistant to microbiological corrosion, based on the metabolic activity of the bacteria and the production of ergosterol by the molds after eight weeks of incubation. It was found that Thiobacillus thioparus was the first of the acidifying bacteria to colonize the sulfur concrete, decreasing the pH of the environment. The molds Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor and Cladosporium herbarum were able to grow on the surface of the tested composites only in the presence of an organic carbon source (glucose). During incubation, they produced organic acids and acidified the environment. However, no morphological changes in the concretes were observed suggesting that sulfur–organic copolymers containing styrene could be used as engineering materials or be applied as binders in sulfur-concretes.
The δ Phase Precipitation of an Inconel 718 Superalloy Fabricated by Electromagnetic Stirring Assisted Laser Solid Forming
Authors: Lyu Feiyue , Liu Fencheng , Hu Xiaoan , Yang Xiaoguang , Huang Chunping , Shi Duoqi
Published: August 2019

Fabricating an Inconel 718 superalloy using electromagnetic stirring assisted laser solid forming (EMS-LSF) is a novel method to modify its microstructure and mechanical properties by consuming the Nb element in the γ phase to alleviate interdendritic segregation. The precipitate of the δ phase at 950 °C after EMS-LSF can help to achieve the uniform diffusion of Nb, and can also improve its mechanical properties. The precipitation behavior of the δ phase in an EMS-LSF Inconel 718 superalloy with different heat treatment processes has been investigated. The results show that the morphology of the δ phase changes from rod-like to a long-needle shape and tends to grow from the inter dendrite to the core dendrite with electromagnetic field intensity increasing, which is accompanied by the “cutting” and “dissolution” of the Laves phase. Through precipitation kinetics analysis, the precipitation rate of the δ phase is seen to increase with the electromagnetic field intensity increasing. Under a combination of electromagnetic stirring and laser solid forming, the microhardness of the Inconel 718 samples increased slightly due to the fact that a higher content of Nb was distributed in the core dendrite resulting from the serious convection of liquid metal, which can strengthen the matrix.
A Novel Noninvasive Approach Based on SPECT and EEG for the Location of the Epileptogenic Zone in Pharmacoresistant Non-Lesional Epilepsy
Authors: Batista García-Ramó Karla , Sanchez Catasus Carlos A. , Morales Chacón Lilia , Aguila Ruiz Angel , Sánchez Corneaux Abel , Rojas López Pedro , Bosh Bayard Jorge
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to propose a methodology that combines non-invasive functional modalities electroencephalography (EEG) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to estimate the location of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) for the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant non-lesional epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This methodology consists of: (i) Estimation of ictal EEG source imaging (ESI); (ii) application of the subtraction of ictal and interictal SPECT co-registered with MRI (SISCOM) methodology; and (iii) estimation of ESI but using the output of the SISCOM as a priori information for the estimation of the sources. The methodology was implemented in a case series as an example of the application of this novel approach for the presurgical evaluation. A gold standard and a coincidence analysis based on measures of sensitivity and specificity were used as a preliminary assessment of the proposed methodology to localize EZ. Results: In patients with good postoperative evolution, the estimated EZ presented a spatial coincidence with the resection site represented by high values of sensitivity and specificity. For the patient with poor postoperative evolution, the methodology showed a partial incoherence between the estimated EZ and the resection site. In cases of multifocal epilepsy, the method proposed spatially extensive epileptogenic zones. Conclusions: The results of the case series provide preliminary evidence of the methodology’s potential to epileptogenic zone localization in non-lesion drug-resistant epilepsy. The novelty of the article consists in estimating the sources of ictal EEG using SISCOM result as a prior for the inverse solution. Future studies are necessary in order to validate the described methodology. The results constitute a starting point for further studies in order to support the clinical reliability of the proposed methodology and advocate for their implementation in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable non-lesional epilepsy.
Coverage and Determinants of Full Immunization: Vaccination Coverage among Senegalese Children
Authors: Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Akram Raisul , Ali Nausad , Chowdhury Zahedul Islam , Sultana Marufa
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: In line with the global success of immunization, Senegal achieved impressive progress in childhood immunization program. However, immunization coverage is often below the national and international targets and even not equally distributed across the country. The objective of this study is to estimate the full immunization coverage across the geographic regions and identify the potential factors of full immunization coverage among the Senegalese children. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative dataset extracted from the latest Continuous Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2017 was used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency with percentage and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed and results were presented in terms of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 70.96% of Senegalese children aged between 12 to 36 months were fully immunized and the coverage was higher in urban areas (76.51%), west ecological zone (80.0%), and among serer ethnic groups (77.24%). Full immunization coverage rate was almost the same between male and female children, and slightly higher among the children who were born at any health care facility (74.01%). Children who lived in the western zone of Senegal were 1.66 times (CI: 1.25–2.21; p = 0.001) and the children of Serer ethnic groups were 1.43 times (CI: 1.09–1.88; p = 0.011) more likely to be fully immunized than the children living in the southern zone and from the Poular ethnic group. In addition, children who were born at health facilities were more likely to be fully immunized than those who were born at home (AOR = 1.47; CI: 1.20–1.80; p < 0.001), and mothers with recommended antenatal care (ANC) (4 and more) visits during pregnancy were more likely to have their children fully immunized than those mother with no ANC visits (AOR: 2.06 CI: 1.19–3.57; p = 0.010). Conclusions: Immunization coverage was found suboptimal by type of vaccines and across ethnic groups and regions of Senegal. Immunization program should be designed targeting low performing areas and emphasize on promoting equal access to education, decision-making, encouraging institutional deliveries, and scaling up the use of antenatal and postnatal care which may significantly improve the rate full immunization coverage in Senegal.
The Relationship between Serum Concentrations of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Nutritional Status in Patients with Traumatic Head Injury in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gubari Mohammed I. M. , Norouzy Abdolreza , Hosseini Mostafa , Mohialdeen Fadhil A. , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2019

Background and objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) measured once at the baseline with changes in nutritional status of patients with traumatic head injury (THI) assessed at three consecutive times (24 h after admission, day 6 and day 13) during hospital stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: Sixty-four patients with THI were recruited for the current study (over 10 months). The nutritional status of the patients was determined within 24 h after admission and on days 6 and 13, using actual body weight, body composition analysis, and anthropometric measurements. The APACHE II score and SOFA score were also assessed within 24 h of admission and on days 6 and 13 of patients staying in the ICU. Circulatory serum levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) were assessed once within 24 h of admission. Results: The current study found a significant reduction in BMI, FBM, LBM, MAUAC, and APM, of THI patients with high serum levels the cytokines, over the course of time from the baseline to day 7 and to day 13 in patients staying in the ICU (p < 0.001). It was also found that patients with low levels of some studied cytokines had significant improvement in their nutritional status and clinical outcomes in term of MAUAC, APM, APACHE II score and SOFA score (p < 0.001 to p < 0.01). Conclusion: THI patients who had high serum levels of studied cytokines were more prone to develop a reduction of nutritional status in terms of BMI, FBM, LBM MAUAC and APM over the course of time from patient admission until day 13 of ICU admission.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences of Liver Transplantation: A Review
Authors: Plotogea Oana , Ilie Madalina , Sandru Vasile , Chiotoroiu Alexandru , Bratu Ovidiu , Diaconu Camelia
Published: August 2019

Liver transplantation (LT) is considered the curative treatment option for selected patients who suffer from end-stage or acute liver disease or hepatic malignancy (primary). After LT, patients should be carefully monitored for complications that may appear, partially due to immunosuppressive therapy, but not entirely. Cardiovascular diseases are frequently encountered in patients with LT, being responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Patients with underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies are prone to complications after the transplant, but these complications can also appear de novo, mostly associated with immunosuppressants. Metabolic syndrome, defined by obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, is diagnosed among LT recipients and is aggravated after LT, influencing the long-term survival. In this review, our purpose was to summarize the current knowledge regarding cardiovascular (CV) diseases and the metabolic syndrome associated with LT and to assess their impact on short and long-term morbidity and mortality.
Malignant Pleural Effusion and Its Current Management: A Review
Authors: Skok Kristijan , Hladnik Gaja , Grm Anja , Crnjac Anton
Published: August 2019

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is an exudative effusion with malignant cells. MPE is a common symptom and accompanying manifestation of metastatic disease. It affects up to 15% of all patients with cancer and is the most common in lung, breast cancer, lymphoma, gynecological malignancies and malignant mesothelioma. In the last year, many studies were performed focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms of MPE. With the advancement in molecular techniques, the importance of tumor-host cell interactions is becoming more apparent. Additionally, the process of pathogenesis is greatly affected by activating mutations of EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, MET, EML4/ALK and RET, which correlate with an increased incidence of MPE. Considering all these changes, the authors aim to present a literature review of the newest findings, review of the guidelines and pathophysiological novelties in this field. Review of the just recently, after seven years published, practice guidelines, as well as analysis of more than 70 articles from the Pubmed, Medline databases that were almost exclusively published in indexed journals in the last few years, have relevance and contribute to the better understanding of the presented topic. MPE still presents a severe medical condition in patients with advanced malignancy. Recent findings in the field of pathophysiological mechanisms of MPE emphasize the role of molecular factors and mutations in the dynamics of the disease and its prognosis. Treatment guidelines offer a patient-centric approach with the use of new scoring systems, an out of hospital approach and ultrasound. The current guidelines address multiple areas of interest bring novelties in the form of validated prediction tools and can, based on evidence, improve patient outcomes. However, the role of biomarkers in a clinical setting, possible new treatment modalities and certain specific situations still present a challenge for new research.
Co-Occurrence of Free-Living Amoeba and Legionella in Drinking Water Supply Systems
Authors: Valciņa Olga , Pūle Daina , Mališevs Artjoms , Trofimova Jūlija , Makarova Svetlana , Konvisers Genadijs , Bērziņš Aivars , Krūmiņa Angelika
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Legionella is one of the most important water-related pathogens. Inside the water supply systems and the biofilms, Legionella interact with other bacteria and free-living amoeba (FLA). Several amoebas may serve as hosts for bacteria in aquatic systems. This study aimed to investigate the co-occurrence of Legionella spp. and FLA in drinking water supply systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 268 water samples were collected from apartment buildings, hotels, and public buildings. Detection of Legionella spp. was performed in accordance with ISO 11731:2017 standard. Three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols were used to identify FLA. Results: Occurrence of Legionella varied from an average of 12.5% in cold water samples with the most frequent occurrence observed in hot water, in areas receiving untreated groundwater, where 54.0% of the samples were Legionella positive. The occurrence of FLA was significantly higher. On average, 77.2% of samples contained at least one genus of FLA and, depending on the type of sample, the occurrence of FLA could reach 95%. In the samples collected during the study, Legionella was always isolated along with FLA, no samples containing Legionella in the absence of FLA were observed. Conclusions: The data obtained in our study can help to focus on the extensive distribution, close interaction, and long-term persistence of Legionella and FLA. Lack of Legionella risk management plans and control procedures may promote further spread of Legionella in water supply systems. In addition, the high incidence of Legionella-related FLA suggests that traditional monitoring methods may not be sufficient for Legionella control.
Structural and Biological Characterizations of Novel High-Affinity Fluorescent Probes with Overlapped and Distinctive Binding Regions on CXCR4
Authors: Zhu Siyu , Meng Qian , Schooley Robert T. , An Jing , Xu Yan , Huang Ziwei
Published: August 2019

CXC-type chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is well known as a co-receptor for cellular entry and infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). As an important member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, CXCR4 also mediates a variety of cellular processes and functions, such as cell chemotaxis, proliferation, and calcium signal transductions. Identification and characterization of molecular ligands or probes of CXCR4 have been an intensive area of investigations as such ligands or probes are of significant clinical values for the studies and treatments of HIV-1 infection and other human diseases mediated by the receptor. The crystal structures of CXCR4 in complex with different ligands have revealed two distinctive binding regions or subpockets. Thus, understanding the interactions of diverse ligands with these distinctive CXCR4 binding regions has become vital for elucidating the relationship between binding modes and biological mechanisms of ligand actions. Peptidic CVX15 is the only ligand that has been validated to bind one of these distinctive binding regions (or so called the major subpocket) of CXCR4. Therefore, in this study, we developed an efficient probe system including two high-affinity peptidic fluorescent probes, designated as FITC-CVX15 and FITC-DV1, with the aim of targeting distinctive CXCR4 subpockets. We conducted rational design and chemical characterization of the two CXCR4-specific probes and examined their application in biological experiments including competitive binding assays, flow cytometry analysis, and confocal imaging. Especially these two probes were applied in parallel CXCR4 competitive binding assays to detect and analyze potential binding modes of diverse CXCR4 ligands, together with molecular docking and simulations. Our results have indicated that these peptidic fluorescent probe systems provide novel ligand detecting tools, as well as present a new approach for analyzing distinctive binding modes of diverse CXCR4 ligands.
Synthesis of Ultrastable Gold Nanoparticles as a New Drug Delivery System
Authors: Masse Florence , Desjardins Pascale , Ouellette Mathieu , Couture Camille , Omar Mahmoud Mohamed , Pernet Vincent , Guérin Sylvain , Boisselier Elodie
Published: August 2019

Nanotechnologies are increasingly being developed for medical purposes. However, these nanomaterials require ultrastability for better control of their pharmacokinetics. The present study describes three types of ultrastable gold nanoparticles stabilized by thiolated polyethylene glycol groups remaining intact when subjected to some of the harshest conditions described thus far in the literature, such as autoclave sterilization, heat and freeze-drying cycles, salts exposure, and ultracentrifugation. Their stability is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. For comparison purposes, two conventional nanoparticle types were used to assess their colloidal stability under all conditions. The ability of ultrastable gold nanoparticles to encapsulate bimatoprost, a drug for glaucoma treatment, is demonstrated. MTS assays on human corneal epithelial cells is assessed without changing cell viability. The impact of ultrastable gold nanoparticles on wound healing dynamics is assessed on tissue engineered corneas. These results highlight the potential of ultrastable gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery system in ocular therapy.
Slow Mode-Based Control Method for Multi-Point Temperature Control System
Authors: Xu Song , Hashimoto Seiji , Jiang Wei , Jiang Yuqi , Izaki Katsutoshi , Kihara Takeshi , Ikeda Ryota
Published: August 2019

In recent years, thermal processing systems with integrated temperature control have been increasingly needed to achieve high quality and high performance. In this paper, responding to the growing demands for proper transient response and to provide more accurate temperature controls, a novel slow-mode-based control (SMBC) method is proposed for multi-point temperature control systems. In the proposed method, the temperature differences and the transient response of all points can be controlled and improved by making the output of the fast modes follow that of the slow mode. Both simulations and experiments were carried out, and the results were compared to conventional control methods in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Between Pleasure and Resistance: The Role of Substance Consumption in an Italian Working-Class Subculture
Authors: Placido Matteo Di
Published: August 2019

In this article I discuss how illegal substance consumption can act as a tool of resistance and as an identity signifier for young people through a covert ethnographic case study of a working-class subculture in Genoa, North-Western Italy. I develop my argument through a coupled reading of the work of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and more recent post-structural developments in the fields of youth studies and cultural critical criminology. I discuss how these apparently contrasting lines of inquiry, when jointly used, shed light on different aspects of the cultural practices of specific subcultures contributing to reflect on the study of youth cultures and subcultures in today’s society and overcoming some of the ‘dead ends’ of the opposition between the scholarly categories of subculture and post-subculture. In fact, through an analysis of the sites, socialization processes, and hedonistic ethos of the subculture, I show how within a single subculture there could be a coexistence of: resistance practices and subversive styles of expression as the CCCS research program posits; and signs of fragmentary and partial aesthetic engagements devoid of political contents and instead primarily oriented towards the affirmation of the individual, as argued by the adherents of the post-subcultural position.
How to Maintain a Sustainable Environment? A Spatial Evolution of Urban Atmospheric Pollution and Impact Factors in China
Authors: Li Mingze , Huang Yuan , Han Mingdan
Published: August 2019

Urban pollution has significantly contributed to the spread of diseases and global warming. The analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants is crucial for making sustainable industrial policy, and environmentally friendly urban planning. In this paper, GeoDa software is used to analyze how sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke dust (DUS) are spatially distributed in various provinces of China. Then, global spatial correlation test and cluster analysis are carried out to obtain the spatial evolution characteristics of three pollutants. Afterward, the spatial panel data model is applied to explore the factors that affect the spatial evolution of SO2, NOx and smoke dust (DUS) nationwide. MATLAB is used to estimate the Spatial Lag Model (SLM) and the Spatial Error Model (SEM) of the three pollutants, respectively. According to our analysis, SEM is more applicable for SO2 and NOx, whereas SLM is optimal for smoke dust (DUS). The results show that foreign direct investment (FDI), industrial structure, and urbanization aggravate environmental pollution, while per capita gross domestic products (per capita GDP) has a negative relationship with the cluster of pollutants. The study concludes by informing public policy makers on environment friendly policies for a more sustainable development.
The Science of Unknowable and Imaginary Things
Authors: Eller Jack David
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I address the question of whether metaphysics and theology are or can become science. After examining the qualities of contemporary science, which evolved from an earlier historic concept of any body of literature into a formal method for obtaining empirical knowledge, I apply that standard to metaphysics and theology. I argue that neither metaphysics nor theology practices a scientific method or generates scientific knowledge. Worse, I conclude that both metaphysics and theology are at best purely cultural projects—exercises in exegesis of local cultural and religious ideas and language—and, therefore, that other cultures have produced or would produce radically different schemes of metaphysics or theology. At its worst, metaphysics is speculation about the unknowable, while theology is rumination about the imaginary.
Harmonics in Power Systems and Filter Applications
Authors: YILDIZ Ali Bekir , SABUNCU Berkay
Published: August 2019

With the advancing technology, loads in the system have been varied. These loads are always asked to be linear. However, with the effect of progressive semiconductor technology, an increase in nonlinear loads has been observed in the system. Nonlinear loads are loads whose current and voltage characteristics are nonlinear. Nonlinear loads cause harmonic currents and voltages in the system. Major loads causing harmonics are power electronic components, transformers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), converters and high-power induction motors. Harmonics cause additional energy losses in the system, heating and damage to the insulation. For these reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate harmonics after formation or to block them before the formation. The most important method for eliminating harmonics is the filtering of harmonics with filters. In this study, firstly, it is given basic information about harmonics, their effects on energy system, filtering methods. Then, a sample system model is performed in MATLAB program and the effect of passive filters is examined.
Effect of liquid medium on shoots amplification, in vitro flowering and ex vitro rooting of Oldenlandia umbellata L. - A dye yielding medicinal herb
Authors: Jayabal Revathi , Mani Manokari , Rasangam Latha , Selvam Priyadharshini , Shekhawat Mahipal Singh
Published: August 2019

Oldenlandia umbellata L. gains importance due to its medicinal properties and the presence of anthraquinones based natural dyes in the roots. Present study describes the effect of Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) liquid medium (full strength) on in vitro regeneration, flower bud induction and ex vitro rooting in O. umbellata. Shoot segments with 2-3 nodes (each node with 2 axillary buds) served as explants for establishment of cultures. The liquid medium augmented with 2.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with additives (50 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid and 25 mg L-1 each of arginine, adenine sulphate and citric acid) was effective for shoot bud induction (6.4±0.19 shoots per explant within 2-3 weeks). The shoots were further multiplied (89.3±1.07 shoots, 2-3 weeks) when the shoot clusters obtained from the culture initiation directly transferred to the full-strength MS liquid medium incorporated with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) with additives. Flower buds were induced (12.0±0.15 buds per shoot) when the shoots were cultured on 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and kinetin (Kin, 6-furfurylaminopurine) and 0.5 mg L-1 of IAA at 45 µmol m−2 s−1 SFPD (Spectral Flux Photon Density) light intensity for 14/10h (light/dark) photoperiod. The adventitious roots were induced on 1/4 strength MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). Ex vitro rooting was achieved (16.0±0.53 roots per shoot) by pulse treatment of the shoots with 300 mg L-1 IBA for 2 min. The in vitro produced plantlets were acclimatized in the greenhouse and finally translocated to the in vivo conditions with 93 % success rate. This is the foremost (use of liquid MS medium) and cost-effective method for large scale multiplication of O. umbellata.
Extraction and preliminary study of antibacterial compounds of three species of Aspergillus genus
Authors: Bramki Amina , Frahtia Meriem , Jaouani Atef , Dahimat Laid , Chaouche Noreddine Kacem
Published: August 2019

In the interest of discovering new antibiotic molecules, the antibacterial activity of three fungal strains namely: Aspergillus quadrilineatus, Aspergillus niveus, and Aspergillus wentii isolated from particular ecosystems was sought against six bacterial strains including three with Gram-positive staining (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and three with Gram-negative staining (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae). The results of the agar cylinder technique highlighted that the three fungal strains showed a considerable antibacterial activity. In order to optimize the extraction conditions of the bioactive molecules, five solvents in different polarities were tested, of which chloroform turned out to be the best one. After the selection of this solvent, four culture media of different compositions were used in order to determine the most adequate medium for the production of antibacterial substances. The results revealed that Czapek-dox medium supplemented with yeast extract turned out to be the most favorable one for the production of bioactive molecules from both strains: A. quadrilineatus and A. niveus, while the most suitable medium for the A. wentii strain was Sabouraud. In addition, a study of the antibacterial effect of organic extracts by the Biolog micro-culture system was performed using a range of concentrations. The obtained results revealed that the extracts of the three fungal strains presented a remarkable activity with different concentrations and this, against all the tested bacterial strains. It was recorded only for the three used fungal species, the antibacterial activity was studied for the first time by the Biolog system.
Shadowing Technique; Teaching Listening Skill to ESOL Learners in University
Authors: Ginting Siti Aisyah
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to report the effect of Shadowing Technique on studentsâ€™ listening skills achievement. Therefore, the experimental research was applied and the technique on collecting the data was administrating pre- and post- tests to the experiment and control groups, which consisted of 40 students in each group. Then, t-test was employed on analyzing the data. As a result, there was a significant difference between the mean of experimental and control groups (F = 8.92, p=. 003 < .05). Therefore, there was a significant effect of applying shadowing technique on studentsâ€™ listening skill achievements and the experimental group outperformed the control group. To sum up, the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected.
HUBUNGAN KELAHIRAN BAYI KEMBAR DENGAN KEJADIAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT Dr. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG TAHUN 2010
Authors: DESI ANDRIANA DESI ANDRIANA
Published: August 2019

Low birth Weight is defined as babies born weighting less than 2500 grams. Incidence of LBW in the General Hospital Dr Center. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2009 amounted to 313 cases from 2,400 the number of babies born. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of independent variables (multiple births) with the dependent variable (incidence of LBW). This study uses survey methods using analytic approach Sectional Cross. The study population was all infants born at General Hospital Dr Center. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2010, amounting to 2439 and sampled 343 respondents. Random sampling method is by way of a simple random (Simple Random Sampling). From univarat analysis performed on 343 infants born to be obtained according to the birth of twins, a larger single baby that is 302 respondents (88%) compared with the birth of twins by 41 respondents (12%). Statistical test results showed the birth of twins to have a meaningful relationship with the incidence of low birth weight (p value = 0.000). It is recommended for health workers (midwives) hospitals should increase outreach activities with communities, especially in the mother in order to understand when to start during pregnancy and terminating the pregnancy and how to consume good nutrition to reduce the incidence of LBW and examination of twin births in order to maintain the health of infants and mothers