bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyphase Magmatism During the Formation of the Northern East Greenland Continental Margin
Authors: Franke D. , Klitzke P. , Barckhausen U. , Berglar K. , Berndt C. , Damm V. , Dannowski A. , Ehrhardt A. , Engels M. , Funck T. , Geissler W. , Schnabel M. , Thorwart M. , Trinhammer Per
Published: August 2019

New marine geophysical data acquired across the partly ice‐covered northern East Greenland continental margin highlight a complex interaction between tectonic and magmatic events. Breakup‐related lava flows are imaged in reflection seismic data as seaward dipping reflectors, which are found to decrease in size both northward and southward from a central point at 75°N. We provide evidence that the magnetic anomaly pattern in the shelf area is related to volcanic phases and not to the presence of oceanic crust. The remnant magnetization of the individual lava flows is used to deduce a relative timing of the emplacement of the volcanic wedges. We find that the seaward dipping reflectors have been emplaced over a period of 2–4 Ma progressively from north to south and from landward to seaward. The new data indicate a major post‐middle Eocene magmatic phase around the landward termination of the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. This post‐40‐Ma volcanism likely was associated with the progressive separation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from East Greenland. The breakup of the Greenland Sea started at several isolated seafloor spreading cells whose location was controlled by rift structures and led to the present‐day segmentation of the margin. The original rift basins were subsequently connected by steady‐state seafloor spreading that propagated southward, from the Greenland Fracture Zone to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone.
Plasma neurofilament light chain concentration is increased in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nilsson Ida A. K. , Millischer Vincent , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaité , Juréus Anders , Salehi Alireza M. , Norring Claes , von Hausswolff-Juhlin Yvonne , Schalling Martin , Blennow Kaj , Bulik Cynthia M. , Zetterberg Henrik , Landén Mikael
Published: August 2019

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and, to a large extent, unknown pathophysiology. Structural brain differences, such as global or focal reductions in grey or white matter volumes, as well as enlargement of the sulci and the ventricles, have repeatedly been observed in individuals with AN. However, many of the documented aberrances normalize with weight recovery, even though some studies show enduring changes. To further explore whether AN is associated with neuronal damage, we analysed the levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker reflecting ongoing neuronal injury, in plasma samples from females with AN, females recovered from AN (AN-REC) and normal-weight age-matched female controls (CTRLS). We detected significantly increased plasma levels of NfL in AN vs CTRLS (medianAN = 15.6 pg/ml, IQRAN = 12.1–21.3, medianCTRL = 9.3 pg/ml, IQRCTRL = 6.4–12.9, and p < 0.0001), AN vs AN-REC (medianAN-REC = 11.1 pg/ml, IQRAN-REC = 8.6–15.5, and p < 0.0001), and AN-REC vs CTRLS (p = 0.004). The plasma levels of NfL are negatively associated with BMI overall samples (β (±se) = −0.62 ± 0.087 and p = 6.9‧10−12). This indicates that AN is associated with neuronal damage that partially normalizes with weight recovery. Further studies are needed to determine which brain areas are affected, and potential long-term sequelae.
Overview of recent advances in liposomal nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Ang , Hu Xian-li , Saeed Madiha , Chen Bin-fan , Li Ya-ping , Yu Hai-jun
Published: August 2019

The clinical performance of conventional cancer therapy approaches (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) has been challenged by tumor metastasis and recurrence that is mainly responsible for cancer-caused mortalities. The cancer immunotherapy is being emerged nowadays as a promising therapeutic modality in order to achieve a highly efficient therapeutic performance while circumventing tumor metastasis and relapse. Liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) may serve as an ideal platform for systemic delivery of the immune modulators. In this review, we summarize the cutting-edge progresses in liposomal NPs for cancer immunotherapy, with focus on dendritic cells, T cells, tumor cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The review highlights the major challenges and provides a perspective regarding the clinical translation of liposomal nanoparticle-based immunotherapy.
Cyfip1 haploinsufficient rats show white matter changes, myelin thinning, abnormal oligodendrocytes and behavioural inflexibility
Authors: Silva Ana I. , Haddon Josephine E. , Ahmed Syed Yasir , Trent Simon , Lin Tzu-Ching E. , Patel Yateen , Carter Jenny , Haan Niels , Honey Robert C. , Humby Trevor , Assaf Yaniv , Owen Michael J. , Linden David E. J. , Hall Jeremy , Wilkinson Lawrence S.
Published: August 2019

The biological basis of the increased risk for psychiatric disorders seen in 15q11.2 copy number deletion is unknown. Previous work has shown disturbances in white matter tracts in human carriers of the deletion. Here, in a novel rat model, we recapitulated low dosage of the candidate risk geneCYFIP1present within the 15q11.2 interval. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we first showed extensive white matter changes inCyfip1mutant rats, which were most pronounced in the corpus callosum and external capsule. Transmission electron microscopy showed that these changes were associated with thinning of the myelin sheath in the corpus callosum. Myelin thinning was independent of changes in axon number or diameter but was associated with effects on mature oligodendrocytes, including aberrant intracellular distribution of myelin basic protein. Finally, we demonstrated effects on cognitive phenotypes sensitive to both disruptions in myelin and callosal circuitry.
The determinants of genetic diversity in butterflies
Authors: Mackintosh Alexander , Laetsch Dominik R. , Hayward Alexander , Charlesworth Brian , Waterfall Martin , Vila Roger , Lohse Konrad
Published: August 2019

Under the neutral theory, genetic diversity is expected to increase with population size. While comparative analyses have consistently failed to find strong relationships between census population size and genetic diversity, a recent study across animals identified a strong correlation between propagule size and genetic diversity, suggesting that r-strategists that produce many small offspring, have greater long-term population sizes. Here we compare genome-wide genetic diversity across 38 species of European butterflies (Papilionoidea), a group that shows little variation in reproductive strategy. We show that genetic diversity across butterflies varies over an order of magnitude and that this variation cannot be explained by differences in current abundance, propagule size, host or geographic range. Instead, neutral genetic diversity is negatively correlated with body size and positively with the length of the genetic map. This suggests that genetic diversity is determined both by differences in long-term population size and the effect of selection on linked sites.
Arctic–Eurasian climate linkage induced by tropical ocean variability
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Kosaka Yu
Published: August 2019

Eurasian continent has experienced cold winters over the past two decades in contrast with Arctic warming. Previous studies have suggested that the cold Eurasian winters are associated with Arctic sea-ice loss, while others attributed them to atmospheric internal variability. However, here we show that the Arctic and Eurasian climate linkage is driven by the combination between atmospheric teleconnection originating in the tropical oceans and Arctic sea ice. Like a battery charges a capacitor, El Niño heats the tropical Atlantic, and the warmer Atlantic condition persists until early winter of El Niño-decay year. We find that the persisting tropical Atlantic warming induces anomalous Rossby wave train arching to Eurasia, leading to Arctic sea-ice increase and Eurasian warming. In La Niña phase these changes are reversed. Our results therefore suggest that the combination of recent tropical Pacific cooling and Arctic sea-ice loss have contributed to the frequent Eurasian cold winters.
Weathering in a world without terrestrial life recorded in the Mesoproterozoic Velkerri Formation
Authors: Rafiei Mehrnoush , Kennedy Martin
Published: August 2019

Today the terrestrial surface drives biogeochemical cycles on Earth through chemical weathering reactions mediated by the biological influence of soils. Prior to the expansion of life on to land, abiotic weathering may have resulted in different boundary conditions affecting the composition of the biosphere. Here we show a striking difference in weathering produced minerals preserved in the Mesoproterozoic Velkerri Formation. While the bulk chemistry and mineralogy is dominated by illite similar to many modern mudstones, application of a novel microbeam technology reveals that the initial detrital minerals were composed of mica (28%) and feldspar (45%) with only a trace amount (<2%) of typical soil formed clay minerals. The majority of illite and the high Al2O3 fraction previously interpreted as a weathering signal, is present as a replacement of feldspar and mica. These sediments record physical erosion with limited pedogenic clay mineral formation implying fundamentally different weathering pathways.
Vertical redistribution of salt and layered changes in global ocean salinity
Authors: Liu Chao , Liang Xinfeng , Ponte Rui M. , Vinogradova Nadya , Wang Ou
Published: August 2019

Salinity is an essential proxy for estimating the global net freshwater input into the ocean. Due to the limited spatial and temporal coverage of the existing salinity measurements, previous studies of global salinity changes focused mostly on the surface and upper oceans. Here, we examine global ocean salinity changes and ocean vertical salt fluxes over the full depth in a dynamically consistent and data-constrained ocean state estimate. The changes of the horizontally averaged salinity display a vertically layered structure, consistent with the profiles of the ocean vertical salt fluxes. For salinity changes in the relatively well-observed upper ocean, the contribution of vertical exchange of salt can be on the same order of the net surface freshwater input. The vertical redistribution of salt thus should be considered in inferring changes in global ocean salinity and the hydrological cycle from the surface and upper ocean measurements.
Chemical mimicry of viral capsid self-assembly via corannulene-based pentatopic tectons
Authors: Chen Yu-Sheng , Solel Ephrath , Huang Yi-Fan , Wang Chien-Lung , Tu Tsung-Han , Keinan Ehud , Chan Yi-Tsu
Published: August 2019

Self-assembly of twelve pentatopic tectons, which have complementary edges or can be linked using either digonal or trigonal connectors, represents the optimal synthetic strategy to achieve spherical objects, such as chemical capsids. This process requires conditions that secure uninterrupted equilibria of binding and self-correction en route to the global energy minimum. Here we report the synthesis of a highly soluble, deca-heterosubstituted corannulene that bears five terpyridine ligands. Spontaneous self-assembly of twelve such tectons with 30 cadmium(II) cations produces a giant icosahedral capsid as a thermodynamically stable single product in high yield. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, mass spectrometry analyses, small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy indicate that this spherical capsid has an external diameter of nearly 6 nm and shell thickness of 1 nm, in agreement with molecular modeling. NMR and liquid chromatography evidences imply that chiral self-sorting complexation generates a racemic mixture of homochiral capsids.
A family of anti-Bacteroidales peptide toxins wide-spread in the human gut microbiota
Authors: Coyne Michael J. , Béchon Nathalie , Matano Leigh M. , McEneany Valentina Laclare , Chatzidaki-Livanis Maria , Comstock Laurie E.
Published: August 2019

Bacteria often produce antimicrobial toxins to compete in microbial communities. Here we identify a family of broad-spectrum peptide toxins, named bacteroidetocins, produced by Bacteroidetes species. We study this toxin family using phenotypic, mutational, bioinformatic, and human metagenomic analyses. Bacteroidetocins are related to class IIa bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria and kill members of the Bacteroidetes phylum, including Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Prevotella gut species, as well as pathogenic Prevotella species. The bacteroidetocin biosynthesis genes are found in horizontally acquired mobile elements, which likely allow dissemination within the gut microbiota and may explain their wide distribution in human populations. Bacteroidetocins may have potential applications in microbiome engineering and as therapeutics for polymicrobial diseases such as bacterial vaginosis and periodontal disease.
Measuring light transport properties using speckle patterns as structured illumination
Authors: Jain Pranay , Sarma Sanjay E.
Published: August 2019

The measurement of light absorption and scattering properties of biological materials has several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We can measure these properties for skin without contact using structured illumination and imaging. However, building simple handheld devices remains challenging due to motion artefacts and moving targets. To overcome this limitation, we project random speckle patterns instead of discrete spatial frequencies on the target. Since random patterns are spatially broadband, they capture more information per image, enabling frame-by-frame analysis. In this paper, we describe the statistics of objective speckles and demonstrate how the optical system is designed for spatially bandlimited illumination. Next, we use a diverse set of liquid tissue phantom to validate the method. We successfully demonstrate that a calibrated instrument can independently predict the two primary light transport properties of a homogeneous turbid system. This work is a starting point for analysing skin and other heterogeneous biological media in the future.
Promotion of angiogenesis by M13 phage and RGD peptide in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Safari Zohreh , Soudi Sara , Jafarzadeh Nazli , Hosseini Ahmad Zavaran , Vojoudi Elham , Sadeghizadeh Majid
Published: August 2019

One of the most important goals of regenerative medicines is to generate alternative tissues with a developed vascular network. Endothelial cells are the most important cell type required in angiogenesis process, contributing to the blood vessels formation. The stimulation of endothelial cells to initiate angiogenesis requires appropriate extrinsic signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of M13 phage along with RGD peptide motif on in vitro and in vivo vascularization. The obtained results demonstrated the increased cellular proliferation, HUVECs migration, cells altered morphology, and cells attachment to M13 phage-RGD coated surface. In addition, the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF Receptors 2 and 3, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) transcripts were significantly upregulated due to the HUVECs culturing on M13 phage-RGD coated surface. Furthermore, VEGF protein secretion, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were significantly increased in cells cultured on M13 phage-RGD coated surface.
High-energy visible light transparency and ultraviolet ray transmission of metallized rescue sheets
Authors: Isser Markus , Kranebitter Hannah , Kühn Erich , Lederer Wolfgang
Published: August 2019

Metallized rescue sheets are essential components in first aid boxes and professional emergency equipment for provision of thermal insulation. We investigated the transparency for visual light and the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band of rescue sheets under laboratory conditions to evaluate the potential of blocking solar radiation during outdoor activities. An experimental study was performed using two commercially available brands of rescue sheets. Transmission of visible light and ultraviolet light was assessed by optometry. Single-layer transparency for visible light was between 1% and 8%. Transmission for high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band and ultraviolet A rays was between 1% and 13% for the single layer and between 0% and 3% for the double layer of the rescue sheets. Transmission for ultraviolet B rays afforded by each tested rescue sheet brand was between 0% and 1% for the single layer. Double-layer rescue sheets blocked 100% of ultraviolet B radiation. In conclusion, single layer rescue sheets were sufficiently permeable for visible light and diminished transmission for ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band to potentially protect from solar radiation if used for facial protection and as makeshift sun googles.
Rivaroxaban, a specific FXa inhibitor, improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic segments in diabetic mice
Authors: Pham Phuong Tran , Fukuda Daiju , Yagi Shusuke , Kusunose Kenya , Yamada Hirotsugu , Soeki Takeshi , Shimabukuro Michio , Sata Masataka
Published: August 2019

Activated factor X (FXa) plays a central role in the coagulation cascade, while it also mediates vascular function through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Here, we examined whether inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor, attenuates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Induction of diabetes increased the expression of a major FXa receptor, PAR2, in the aorta (P < 0.05). Administration of rivaroxaban (10 mg/kg/day) to diabetic wild-type (WT) mice for 3 weeks attenuated endothelial dysfunction as determined by acetylcholine-dependent vasodilation compared with the control (P < 0.001), without alteration of blood glucose level. Rivaroxaban promoted eNOSSer1177phosphorylation in the aorta (P < 0.001). Induction of diabetes to PAR2-deficient (PAR2−/−) mice did not affect endothelial function and eNOSSer1177phosphorylation in the aorta compared with non-diabetic PAR2−/−mice. FXa or a PAR2 agonist significantly impaired endothelial function in aortic rings obtained from WT mice, but not in those from PAR2−/−mice. FXa promoted JNK phosphorylation (P < 0.01) and reduced eNOSSer1177phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). FXa-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings (P < 0.001) and eNOSSer1177phosphorylation (P < 0.05) in HCAEC were partially ameliorated by a JNK inhibitor. Rivaroxaban ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Our results suggest that FXa or PAR2 is a potential therapeutic target.
An efficient Terahertz rectifier on the graphene/SiC materials platform
Authors: Schlecht Maria T. , Preu Sascha , Malzer Stefan , Weber Heiko B.
Published: August 2019

We present an efficient Schottky-diode detection scheme for Terahertz (THz) radiation, implemented on the material system epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (SiC). It employs SiC as semiconductor and graphene as metal, with an epitaxially defined interface. For first prototypes, we report on broadband operation up to 580 GHz, limited only by the RC circuitry, with a responsivity of 1.1 A/W. Remarkably, the voltage dependence of the THz responsivity displays no deviations from DC responsivity, which encourages using this transparent device for exploring the high frequency limits of Schottky rectification in the optical regime. The performance of the detector is demonstrated by resolving sharp spectroscopic features of ethanol and acetone in a THz transmission experiment.
Posture correctness of young female soccer players
Authors: Żuk Beata , Sutkowski Marek , Paśko Sławomir , Grudniewski Tomasz
Published: August 2019

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the correctness of the body posture of female soccer players in the frontal plane from the back based on selected body points in two static positions (habitual and actively corrected) using a non-contact optical measurement method. Forty-two young women (aged 16–20) playing soccer in a sports club in Poland were examined and compared with controls. The spatial coordinates (x, y, z) of the selected body points were determined. Four points (OcL, OcR, PvLand PvR) were extracted and used to calculate vectors$$\overline{{\boldsymbol{Oc}}}={\boldsymbol{O}}{{\boldsymbol{c}}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}-{\boldsymbol{O}}{{\boldsymbol{c}}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}$$Oc¯=OcL−OcRand$$\overline{{\boldsymbol{Pv}}}={\boldsymbol{P}}{{\boldsymbol{v}}}_{{\boldsymbol{L}}}-{\boldsymbol{P}}{{\boldsymbol{v}}}_{{\boldsymbol{R}}}$$Pv¯=PvL−PvRfor analysis. The results show that median of the pelvic line angle was positive (PvRwas lower than PvL) in both groups. For the habitual posture, the absolute value of the difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles in the pelvic line was almost three times greater among the soccer players than the controls (ratio between soccer players and controls: 2.93). Static postural imbalances in female soccer players require diagnosis of the sacroiliac joints with analysis of lumbar-pelvic system support and inhibition in the context of myofascial connection integration. Exercises can be implemented to stabilize the lumbar-pelvis complex as prophylaxis for spinal overload during the training cycle.
Integrated physiological and genomic analysis reveals structural variations and expression patterns of candidate genes for colored- and green-leaf poplar
Authors: Zhuang Weibing , Wang Hongxue , Liu Tianyu , Wang Tao , Zhang Fengjiao , Shu Xiaochun , Zhai Henghua , Wang Zhong
Published: August 2019

Colored-leaf plants are increasingly popular and have been attracting more and more attentions. However, the molecular mechanism of leaf coloration in plants has not been fully understood. In this study, a colored-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides (Caihong poplar, CHP) and green-leaf cultivar of Populus deltoides L2025 were used to explore the mechanism of leaf coloration through physiological and the whole genome resequencing analysis. The content of anthocyanins, total Chl, and carotenoids in the leaves of CHP and L2025 were evaluated. The ratio of anthocyanins to total Chl in CHP was 25.0 times higher than that in L2025; this could be attributed to the red leaf color of CHP. Based on the whole genome resequencing analysis, 951,421 polymorphic SNPs and 221,907 indels were screened between CHP and L2025. Using qRT-PCR analysis, three structural genes (flavonol synthase 1 family protein, UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase 3′ and flavonoid 3-O-galactosyl transferase family protein) and six transcription factors (MYB-related protein Myb4, transcription factor GAMYB, PtrMYB179, transcription factor bHLH53, transcription factor bHLH3, VARICOSE family protein) may be involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, which could be used as candidate genes to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf coloration in Populus deltoids, and could be used in molecular breeding in the future.
Interspecific competition affects the expression of personality-traits in natural populations
Authors: Wauters Lucas A. , Mazzamuto Maria Vittoria , Santicchia Francesca , Van Dongen Stefan , Preatoni Damiano G. , Martinoli Adriano
Published: August 2019

Competition between animal species can cause niche partitioning and shape an individual’s phenotype, including its behaviour. However, little is known about effects of interspecific competition on personality, the among-individual variation in behaviour that is consistent across different spatial and temporal contexts. We investigated whether alien grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) influenced the expression of personality traits in native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). In Italy, alien grey squirrels replaced native reds through competition for food resources and space, reducing breeding and recruitment in the native species. We compared personality of red squirrels in red-only (no interspecific competition) and red-grey (with interspecific competition) sites, using arena-tests. The trait activity was measured by Open Field Test while sociability and avoidance were quantified by Mirror Image Stimulation test. Red squirrels co-occurring with the alien species had higher sociability scores and higher between-individual variation in sociability than in red-only sites. Differences in activity and avoidance were not significant. Personality – fitness relationships were not affected by presence or absence of grey squirrels, suggesting that the expression of sociability in red squirrels was not due to short-term selection, but was likely the result of context-related advantages when co-occurring with the competing species.
Functional diversification of teleost Fads2 fatty acyl desaturases occurs independently of the trophic level
Authors: Garrido Diego , Kabeya Naoki , Betancor Mónica B. , Pérez José A. , Acosta N. Guadalupe , Tocher Douglas R. , Rodríguez Covadonga , Monroig Óscar
Published: August 2019

The long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis capacity of fish varies among species, with trophic level hypothesised as a major factor. The biosynthesis capacity is largely dependent upon the presence of functionally diversified fatty acyl desaturase 2 (Fads2) enzymes, since many teleosts have lost the gene encoding a Δ5 desaturase (Fads1). The present study aimed to characterise Fads2 from four teleosts occupying different trophic levels, namely Sarpa salpa, Chelon labrosus, Pegusa lascaris and Atherina presbyter, which were selected based on available data on functions of Fads2 from closely related species. Therefore, we had insight into the variability of Fads2 within the same phylogenetic group. Our results showed that Fads2 from S. salpa and C. labrosus were both Δ6 desaturases with further Δ8 activity while P. lascaris and A. presbyter Fads2 showed Δ4 activity. Fads2 activities of herbivorous S. salpa are consistent with those reported for carnivorous Sparidae species. The results suggested that trophic level might not directly drive diversification of teleost Fads2 as initially hypothesised, and other factors such as the species’ phylogeny appeared to be more influential. In agreement, Fads2 activities from P. lascaris and A. presbyter were similar to their corresponding phylogenetic counterparts Solea senegalensis and Chirostoma estor.
Unraveling energy loss processes of low energy heavy ions in 2D materials
Authors: Wilhelm Richard A. , Grande Pedro L.
Published: August 2019

Structuring of 2D materials and their heterostructures with ion beams is a challenging task, because typically low ion energies are needed to avoid damage to a substrate. In addition, at the very first monolayers of a material, ions are not yet in charge equilibrium, i.e. they may either charge up or neutralize depending on their velocity. The change in electronic structure of the ion during scattering affects the energy, which can be transferred to the recoil and therefore the energy available for defect formation. In order to make reliable use of ion beams for defect engineering of 2D materials, we present here a model for charge state and charge exchange dependent kinetic energy transfer. Our model can be applied to all ion species, ion charge states, and energies. It is especially powerful for predicting charge state dependent stopping of slow highly charged ions.
Towards magnonic devices based on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Rana Bivas , Otani YoshiChika
Published: August 2019

Despite significant technological advances in miniaturization and operational speed, modern electronic devices suffer from unescapably increasing rates of Joule heating and power consumption. Avoiding these limitations sparked the quest to identify alternative, charge-neutral information carriers. Thus, spin waves, the collective precessional motion of spins in permanent magnets, were proposed as a promising alternative system for encoding information. In order to surpass the speed, efficiency, functionality and integration density of current electronic devices, magnonic devices should be driven by electric-field induced methods. This review highlights recent progress in the development of electric-field-controlled magnonic devices, including present challenges, future perspectives and the scope for further improvement.
Catalytic gold–platinum alloy nanoparticles and a novel glucose oxidase mimic with enhanced activity and selectivity constructed by molecular imprinting
Authors: Lin Fan , Yushen Tian , Doudou Lou , Haoan Wu , Yan Cui , Ning Gu , Yu Zhang
Published: August 2019

Based on the research of the oxidase-like activity of various Au-based nanostructures, a novel AuPtNPs based GOD mimic with substrate-selectivity and an enhanced catalytic activity was constructed by molecular imprinting technology.
3D printing with peptide–polymer conjugates for single-step fabrication of spatially functionalized scaffolds
Authors: Camacho Paula , Busari Hafiz , Seims Kelly B. , Schwarzenberg Peter , Dailey Hannah L. , Chow Lesley W.
Published: August 2019

Solvent-cast 3D printing with peptide–polymer conjugates introduces a versatile platform to spatially organize peptides to guide local cell behavior.
Boosting hydrogen evolution activity of vanadyl pyrophosphate nanosheets for electrocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Chaoxiong , Liu Haoxuan , He Jia , Hu Guangzhi , Bao Haihong , Lü Fang , Zhuo Longchao , Ren Junqiang , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun
Published: August 2019

Herein, vanadyl pyrophosphate nanosheets have been firstly reported as a novel catalyst for hydrogen evolution with superb catalytic activity, and also exhibited outstanding performance for overall water splitting in an alkaline electrolyte.
On the estimation of crystallization driving forces
Authors: Sadeghi Masoud , Rasmuson Åke C.
Published: August 2019

For accurate estimation of crystallization driving forces, activity coefficient ratios need to be estimated.
Tunable magnetic and half-metallic properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in LaAlO3/SrTiO3(111) heterostructures
Authors: Du Yan-ling , Bu Hong-xia , Ji Cheng-jie , Zhang Xin-miao , Li Cheng-lin , Fang Xiao-nan
Published: August 2019

Tunable half-metallic two-dimensional electron gas under different in-plane strains.
Fuel-free light-driven micro/nanomachines: artificial active matter mimicking nature
Authors: Villa Katherine , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2019

This review covers the main examples of fuel-free light-driven micro/nanomotors and their different swimming styles, highlighting the most important parameters to consider when designing photocatalytic-based devices with a high propulsion efficiency.
Highly dispersed γ-Fe2O3 embedded in nitrogen doped carbon for the efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Xiao Zhourong , Shen Guoqiang , Hou Fang , Zhang Rongrong , Li Yueting , Yuan Gang , Pan Lun , Zou JiJun , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu
Published: August 2019

A sacrificial template strategy is developed to synthesize highly dispersed γ-Fe2O3 embedded in porous N-doped carbon. The as-synthesized catalyst exhibits high ORR performance and presents a power density of 112 mW cm−2 in zinc–air battery.
Coverage dependent structure and energy of water dissociative adsorption on clean and O-pre-covered Ni (100) and Ni(110)
Authors: Zhu Ling , Liu Chunli , Wen Xiaodong , Li Yong-Wang , Jiao Haijun
Published: August 2019

H2O dissociative adsorption on clean and O pre-covered Ni(100) and Ni(110) surfaces has been computed systematically on the basis of periodic density functional theory and ab initio atomistic thermodynamics.
Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer properties of water-soluble bis(PYE) pro-ligands and derived palladium(ii) complexes
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Naveed , Masood Sara , Chaudhry Gul-e-Saba , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku , Dalebrook Andrew Francis , Nazar Muhammad Faizan , Malik Fouzia Perveen , Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Wright Leonard James
Published: August 2019

Water soluble bis(PYE) pro-ligands and derived Pd(ii) complexes show activity against breast cancer cells.
Persulfate-mediated synthesis of polyfunctionalized benzenes in water via the benzannulation of alkynes and α,β-unsaturated compounds
Authors: de Souza Gabriela F. P. , Salles Airton G.
Published: August 2019

A persulfate-promoted metal-free route in water toward the synthesis of unprecedented polyfunctionalized benzenes is reported.
Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal–organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating
Authors: Thomas-Hillman Ieuan , Stevens Lee A. , Lange Marcus , Möllmer Jens , Lewis William , Dodds Chris , Kingman Samuel W. , Laybourn Andrea
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of MFM-300(Al) in aqueous conditions and 10 minutes using microwave heating is reported. The material produced exhibits significantly enhanced uptake of CO2, SO2, and NO2 compared to the 3-day solvothermal route.
Derivatisation of parthenolide to address chemoresistant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Li Xingjian , Payne Daniel T. , Ampolu Badarinath , Bland Nicholas , Brown Jane T. , Dutton Mark J. , Fitton Catherine A. , Gulliver Abigail , Hale Lee , Hamza Daniel , Jones Geraint , Lane Rebecca , Leach Andrew G. , Male Louise , Merisor Elena G. , Morton Michael J. , Quy Alex S. , Roberts Ruth , Scarll Rosanna , Schulz-Utermoehl Timothy , Stankovic Tatjana , Stevenson Brett , Fossey John S. , Agathanggelou Angelo
Published: August 2019

A parthenolide-derivative with favourable pharmacokinetic properties and good activity against drug-resistant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is reported.
Gas–solid acetylene dimerization over copper-based catalysts
Authors: Li Congcong , Luo Juan , Zhang Qixia , Xie Jianwei , Zhang Jinli , Dai Bin
Published: August 2019

A gas–solid acetylene dimerization over copper-based catalysts, with high acetylene conversion and MVA selectivity and convenient operation, was reported.
The development of a novel biosensor based on gold nanocages/graphene oxide–chitosan modified acetylcholinesterase for organophosphorus pesticide detection
Authors: Yao Yao , Wang Guangxian , Chu Guanglei , An Xingshuang , Guo Yemin , Sun Xia
Published: August 2019

In this work, a novel acetylcholinesterase biosensor, namely, gold nanocages/graphene oxide–chitosan nanocomposite modified screen-printed carbon electrode was prepared for chlorpyrifos detection.
Novel efficient U–Cu/CSAC catalyst for selective reduction of NO at low temperatures: preparation, characterization, evaluation and mechanism
Authors: Liu Kaijie , Yu Qingbo , Wang Baolan , Han Zhicheng , San Junbo , Qin Qin
Published: August 2019

Highly dispersed Cu0 nanoparticles and amorphous Cu2O supported on coconut shell-based activated carbon showed excellent LTU-SCR activity at low temperatures.
Tracking the absence of anion–π interactions in modified [23](1,3,5)cyclophanes: insights from computation
Authors: Misturini Alechania , Ortolan Alexandre O. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Cintra Claudia H. , Parreira Renato L. T.
Published: August 2019

[23](1,3,5)Cyclophanes containing 1,3,5-triazine and 1,3,5-triphosphinine planar rings present different degrees of aromaticity as well as σ-donor and π-acceptor abilities.
An instantaneous fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide in biological systems
Authors: Fang Qian , Xiong Haiqing , Yang Lei , Wang Benhua , Song Xiangzhi
Published: August 2019

An instantaneous (within seconds) fluorescent probe for detecting H2S was developed and successfully used for H2S imaging in living cells and zebrafish.
Subwavelength photocathodesviametal-assisted chemical etching of GaAs for solar hydrogen generation
Authors: Choi Keorock , Kim Kyunghwan , Moon In Kyu , Bang Jangwon , Oh Jungwoo
Published: August 2019

The subwavelength structure was applied to GaAs to effectively absorb solarlight and it increased the efficiency of the HER.
Controlling the stereospecific bonding motif of Au–thiolate links
Authors: Colazzo Luciano , Mohammed Mohammed S. G. , Gallardo Aurelio , Abd El-Fattah Zakaria M. , Pomposo José A. , Jelínek Pavel , de Oteyza Dimas G.
Published: August 2019

Organosulfur compounds at the interface of noble metals are extremely interesting systems at both the fundamental and applied levels. We report control over the selective stabilization of linear or porous Au-thiolate isomers.
Evidence of a purely electronic two-dimensional lattice at the interface of TMD/Bi2Se3 heterostructures
Authors: Hennighausen Zachariah , Lane Christopher , Buda Ioana Gianina , Mathur Vineet K. , Bansil Arun , Kar Swastik
Published: August 2019

Vertically-stacked 2D materials produce new physics from interfacial orbital interactions and the moiré superlattice, possibly inducing the formation of a robust real-space, non-atomic charge lattice at room temperature.
Green/red pulsed vortex-beam oscillations in all-fiber lasers with visible-resonance gold nanorods
Authors: Zou Jinhai , Kang Zhe , Wang Rui , Wang Hongjian , Liu Jiaxing , Dong Chuchu , Jiang Xiantao , Xu Bin , Cai Zhiping , Qin Guanshi , Zhang Han , Luo Zhengqian
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate visible-wavelength all-fiber pulsed vortex lasers for the first time that may serve as attractive alternatives to solid-state vortex lasers for a variety of applications, such as visible mode-division multiplexing and STED microscopy.
Porous multishelled NiO hollow microspheres encapsulated within three-dimensional graphene as flexible free-standing electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Su Xiaorui , Zhu Yanyan , Chen Zhonghui , Fang Zebo , Luo Xiaojing
Published: August 2019

Well-designed three-dimensional graphene-encapsulated porous multishelled NiO hollow microspheres as flexible free-standing electrodes (3DG/pMS-NiO) were facilely prepared and applied to high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Molecularly imprinted polymers by thiol–yne chemistry: making imprinting even easier
Authors: Paruli Ernesto III , Griesser Thomas , Merlier Franck , Gonzato Carlo , Haupt Karsten
Published: August 2019

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic, bio-mimetic materials with recognition properties on a par with those of antibodies, which feature superior physical and chemical stability.
Controllable construction of oxygen vacancies by anaerobic catalytic combustion of dichloromethane over metal oxides for enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion
Authors: Zhang Sufen , Liu Jianni , Dong Xiaoyang , Jia Xiaoxia , Gao Ziwei , Gu Quan
Published: August 2019

A facile anaerobic catalytic combustion method is used for controllable oxygen vacancy construction of metal oxides for enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion.
Control of formation of viscoelastic droplets and distribution of nano-inclusions in functional deposition for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Divvela Mounica J. , Zhang Rui , Zhmayev Yevgen , Pinge Shubham , Lee Jin Hong , Kim Seung Wan , Joo Yong Lak
Published: August 2019

Air controlled electrospray process can control the size of the sprayed droplets and is used to obtain functional layered coatings for electrodes in lithium–sulfur batteries.
Co-spray printing of LiFePO4 and PEO-Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 hybrid electrodes for all-solid-state Li-ion battery applications
Authors: Bu Junfu , Leung Puiki , Huang Chun , Lee Sang Ho , Grant Patrick S.
Published: August 2019

Spray-printing of large area LFP electrodes with honeycomb pores filled and inter-layered with PEO-LAGP solid state electrolyte for high performance.
Extended layer-by-layer Madelung potential analysis of layered oxyhalide photocatalysts and other layered systems
Authors: Kato Daichi , Abe Ryu , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

Extended layer-by-layer Madelung analysis was developed and applied to various layered materials to reveal the contribution of distant layers to Madelung site potential.
Circular SAR imaging algorithm based on polar format algorithm for moving target
Authors: Wang Zhou , Li Feng , Peng XiangJun , Yao Di
Published: August 2019

For stationary targets, circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) imaging has tended to be mature and perfect. However, for moving targets, due to the long synthetic aperture and the variation of slant plane with the observation angle, the motion compensation is more complicated and has no effective approach. Based on the latest moving target trajectory reconstruction method in CSAR (2015), the polar format algorithm can be improved to image the moving targets when the motion parameters have been estimated. First, the authors placed the imaging reference point on the target to track it, and then compensated for the phase error caused by the incident angle changing and the wavefront curvature. The simulation results of point show that the algorithm is effective and accurate.
Complexity of magnetic fields on red dwarfs
Authors: Afram N. , Berdyugina S. V.
Published: August 2019

Context. Magnetic fields in cool stars can be investigated by measuring Zeeman line broadening and polarization in atomic and molecular lines. Similar to the Sun, these fields are complex and height-dependent. Many molecular lines dominating M-dwarf spectra (e.g., FeH, CaH, MgH, and TiO) are temperature- and Zeeman-sensitive and form at different atmospheric heights, which makes them excellent probes of magnetic fields on M dwarfs.

Aims. Our goal is to analyze the complexity of magnetic fields in M dwarfs. We investigate how magnetic fields vary with the stellar temperature and how “surface” inhomogeneities are distributed in height – the dimension that is usually neglected in stellar magnetic studies.

Methods. We have determined effective temperatures of the photosphere and of magnetic features, magnetic field strengths and filling factors for nine M dwarfs (M1–M7). Our χ2 analysis is based on a comparison of observed and synthetic intensity and circular polarization profiles. Stokes profiles were calculated by solving polarized radiative transfer equations.

Results. Properties of magnetic structures depend on the analyzed atomic or molecular species and their formation heights. Two types of magnetic features similar to those on the Sun have been found: a cooler (starspots) and a hotter (network) one. The magnetic field strength in both starspots and network is within 3–6 kG, on average it is 5 kG. These fields occupy a large fraction of M dwarf atmospheres at all heights, up to 100%. The plasma β is less than one, implying highly magnetized stars.

Conclusions. A combination of molecular and atomic species and a simultaneous analysis of intensity and circular polarization spectra have allowed us to better decipher the complexity of magnetic fields on M dwarfs, including their dependence on the atmospheric height. This work provides an opportunity to investigate a larger sample of M dwarfs and L-type brown dwarfs.
Research in Integrated Health Care and Publication Trends from the
Perspective of Global Informatics
Authors: Li Zhong , Zhang Liang , Pan Zijin , Zhang Yan
Published: August 2019

Background Integrated care has gained popularity in recent decades
and is advocated by the World Health Organization. This study examined the
global progress, current foci, and the future of integrated care.

Methods We conducted a scientometric analysis of data exported from
the Web of Science database. Publication number and citations, co-authorship
between countries and institutions and cluster analysis were calculated and
clustered using Histcite12.03.07 and VOS viewer1.6.4.

Results We retrieved 6127 articles from 1997 to 2016. We found the
following. (1) The United States, United Kingdom, and Canada had the most
publications, citations, and productive institutions. (2) The top 10 cited
papers and journals were crucial for knowledge distribution. (3) The 50
author keywords were clustered into 6 groups: digital medicine and e-health,
community health and chronic disease management, primary health care and
mental health, healthcare system for infectious diseases, healthcare reform
and qualitative research, and social care and health policy services.

Conclusions This paper confirmed that integrated care is undergoing
rapid development: more categories are involved and collaborative networks
are being established. Various research foci have formed, such as economic
incentive mechanisms for integration, e-health data mining, and quantitative
studies. There is an urgent need to develop performance measurements for
policies and models.
Das Potenzial der virtuellen Realität in der Verhaltenstherapie
Authors: Diemer Julia
Published: August 2019

Gegenstand und Ziel: Seit gut 20 Jahren wird virtuelle Realität (VR) als neue Methode in der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) erforscht. Das Potenzial von VR in der KVT soll anhand eines aktuellen Überblicks dargestellt werden.

Methoden: Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Übersichtsarbeit, in der der mögliche Nutzen von VR in der KVT sowie die aktuellen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen in diesem Bereich herausgearbeitet werden.

Ergebnisse: Der Einsatz von VR könnte den Aufwand einiger KVT-Interventionen senken und ihre Verfügbarkeit erhöhen. Darüber hinaus kann VR in der Psychotherapieforschung die Entwicklung der KVT vorantreiben. VR-Expositionstherapie bei Angststörungen ist die am besten untersuchte VR-Anwendung in der KVT, zahlreiche weitere Ansätze stehen am Beginn der Entwicklung und Evaluation.

Schlussfolgerung(en): Nach wie vor besteht enormer Forschungsbedarf, um den möglichen Mehrwert von VR-Interventionen kritisch und multidimensional zu bestimmen.

Klinische Relevanz: VR-Interventionen sind kaum im klinischen Alltag angekommen, scheinen jedoch eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle in Forschung und Praxis der KVT zu spielen.
Die Arbeits- und Weiterbildungssituation junger Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Deutschland – eine zusammenfassende Analyse von Befragungsergebnissen aus sechs Fachrichtungen
Authors: Joachim Stephanie C. , Bitzinger Diane , Arnold Hannah , Lermann Johannes , Oechtering Thekla H. , Schott Sarah , Schulte Kevin , Raspe Matthias
Published: August 2019

Ziel der Studie Die Arbeits- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen junger Ärzte in Deutschland haben sich im Zuge weitreichender Veränderungen im Gesundheitssystem über die letzten Jahre geändert. Daher sollten deutschlandweite Umfragen unter jungen Ärzten mehrerer Fachdisziplinen gemeinsam analysiert werden, um einen aktuellen fachübergreifenden Eindruck der Zustände in ihrem Arbeitsalltag zu erhalten.

Methodik Daten aus webbasierten Befragungen von jungen Ärzten aus 6 Fachrichtungen wurden einer Sekundäranalyse unterzogen. Einen Schwerpunkt bildete dabei das Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen zur Beurteilung psychosozialer Arbeitsbelastung.

Ergebnisse Es wurden Daten von insgesamt 4041 Teilnehmern analysiert. Im Arbeitsalltag werden junge Ärzte mit einem hohen Anteil nicht unmittelbar ärztlicher Aufgaben belastet. Instrumente einer guten Weiterbildung, wie Weiterbildungsverträge, feste Curricula und regelmäßige Weiterbildungsgespräche, sind mit einer geringeren psychosozialen Arbeitsbelastung assoziiert, die unter den Teilnehmern insgesamt stark ausgeprägt war. Ein ökonomischer Einfluss auf ärztlich-fachliche Entscheidungen ist unter den Teilnehmern subjektiv deutlich vorhanden.

Schlussfolgerung Viele junge Ärzte empfinden die aktuellen Arbeits- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen im ärztlichen Arbeitsumfeld als unbefriedigend. Dies kann nicht nur Konsequenzen für die betroffenen Ärzte selbst, sondern auch für die von ihnen versorgten Patienten haben. Ein gesundes Arbeitsumfeld mit gesunden Fachkräften in der Patientenversorgung ist daher von zentraler Bedeutung und sollte im Fokus aller an der Organisation des Gesundheitswesens beteiligten Partner stehen.