bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Glutamate Transporters Control Dopaminergic Signaling and Compulsive Behaviors
Authors: Bellini Stefania , Fleming Kelsey E. , De Modhurika , McCauley John P. , Petroccione Maurice A. , D'Brant Lianna Y. , Tkachenko Artem , Kwon SoYoung , Jones Lindsey A. , Scimemi Annalisa
Published: December 2017

There is an ongoing debate on the contribution of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 to the onset of compulsive behaviors. Here, we used behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and viral approaches in male and female mice to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EAAC1 controls the execution of repeated motor behaviors. Our findings show that, in the striatum, a brain region implicated with movement execution, EAAC1 limits group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRI) activation, facilitates D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) expression, and ensures long-term synaptic plasticity. Blocking mGluRI in slices from mice lacking EAAC1 restores D1R expression and synaptic plasticity. Conversely, activation of intracellular signaling pathways coupled to mGluRI in D1R-containing striatal neurons of mice expressing EAAC1 leads to reduced D1R protein level and increased stereotyped movement execution. These findings identify new molecular mechanisms by which EAAC1 can shape glutamatergic and dopaminergic signals and control repeated movement execution.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic studies implicateSlc1a1, a gene encoding the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1, with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). EAAC1 is abundantly expressed in the striatum, a brain region that is hyperactive in OCD. What remains unknown is how EAAC1 shapes synaptic function in the striatum. Our findings show that EAAC1 limits activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRIs) in the striatum and, by doing so, promotes D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) expression. Targeted activation of signaling cascades coupled to mGluRIs in mice expressing EAAC1 reduces D1R expression and triggers repeated motor behaviors. These findings provide new information on the molecular basis of OCD and suggest new avenues for its treatment.
Orai1 Plays a Crucial Role in Central Sensitization by Modulating Neuronal Excitability
Authors: Dou Yannong , Xia Jingsheng , Gao Ruby , Gao Xinghua , Munoz Frances M. , Wei Dongyu , Tian Yuzhen , Barrett James E. , Ajit Seena , Meucci Olimpia , Putney James W. , Dai Yue , Hu Huijuan
Published: December 2017

Pathological pain is a common and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed. Central sensitization is an important mechanism underlying pathological pain. However, candidate molecules involved in central sensitization remain unclear. Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) mediate important calcium signals in nonexcitable and excitable cells. SOCs have been implicated in a wide variety of human pathophysiological conditions, including immunodeficiency, occlusive vascular diseases, and cancer. However, the role of SOCs in CNS disorders has been relatively unexplored. Orai1, a key component of SOCs, is expressed in the human and rodent spinal cord dorsal horn, but its functional significance in dorsal horn neurons is poorly understood. Here we sought to explore a potential role of Orai1 in the modulation of neuronal excitability and A-type potassium channels involved in pain plasticity. Using both male and female Orai1 knock-out mice, we found that activation of Orai1 increased neuronal excitability and reduced A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC–ERK) pathway in dorsal horn neurons. Orai1 deficiency significantly decreased acute pain induced by noxious stimuli, nearly eliminated the second phase of formalin-induced nociceptive response, markedly attenuated carrageenan-induced ipsilateral pain hypersensitivity and abolished carrageenan-induced contralateral mechanical allodynia. Consistently, carrageenan-induced increase in neuronal excitability was abolished in the dorsal horn from Orai1 mutant mice. These findings uncover a novel signaling pathway involved in the pain process and central sensitization. Our study also reveals a novel link among Orai1, ERK, A-type potassium channels, and neuronal excitability.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrai1 is a key component of store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) in many cell types. It has been implicated in such pathological conditions as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the role of Orai1 in CNS disorders remains poorly understood. The functional significance of Orai1 in neurons is elusive. Here we demonstrate that activation of Orai1 modulates neuronal excitability and Kv4-containing A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC–ERK) pathway. Genetic knock-out of Orai1 nearly eliminates the second phase of formalin-induced pain and markedly attenuates carrageenan-induced pain hypersensitivity and neuronal excitability. These findings reveal a novel link between Orai1 and neuronal excitability and advance our understanding of central sensitization.
The Primary Role of Flow Processing in the Identification of Scene-Relative Object Movement
Authors: Rushton Simon K. , Niehorster Diederick C. , Warren Paul A. , Li Li
Published: December 2017

Retinal image motion could be due to the movement of the observer through space or an object relative to the scene. Optic flow, form, and change of position cues all provide information that could be used to separate out retinal motion due to object movement from retinal motion due to observer movement. In Experiment 1, we used a minimal display to examine the contribution of optic flow and form cues. Human participants indicated the direction of movement of a probe object presented against a background of radially moving pairs of dots. By independently controlling the orientation of each dot pair, we were able to put flow cues to self-movement direction (the point from which all the motion radiated) and form cues to self-movement direction (the point toward which all the dot pairs were oriented) in conflict. We found that only flow cues influenced perceived probe movement. In Experiment 2, we switched to a rich stereo display composed of 3D objects to examine the contribution of flow and position cues. We moved the scene objects to simulate a lateral translation and counter-rotation of gaze. By changing the polarity of the scene objects (from light to dark and vice versa) between frames, we placed flow cues to self-movement direction in opposition to change of position cues. We found that again flow cues dominated the perceived probe movement relative to the scene. Together, these experiments indicate the neural network that processes optic flow has a primary role in the identification of scene-relative object movement.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotion of an object in the retinal image indicates relative movement between the observer and the object, but it does not indicate its cause: movement of an object in the scene; movement of the observer; or both. To isolate retinal motion due to movement of a scene object, the brain must parse out the retinal motion due to movement of the eye (“flow parsing”). Optic flow, form, and position cues all have potential roles in this process. We pitted the cues against each other and assessed their influence. We found that flow parsing relies on optic flow alone. These results indicate the primary role of the neural network that processes optic flow in the identification of scene-relative object movement.
Evolución del poste muñón en Odontología
Authors: Agüero Del Carpio Patricia Isabel , Paredes Coz Gerzon , Alayo Canales Cecilia
Published: December 2017

Diversos investigadores afirman que los postes brindan soporte a la restauración final en los dientes con tratamiento endodóntico, la evolución de estos ha ido desde los postes o postes de madera hasta los postes de fibra de vidrio. Esta revisión de literatura fue hecha sobre diversas bases de datos utilizando las palabras clave “técnica del poste muñón, endodoncia”. Se analiza información bibliográfica relacionada a la evolución del origen de los postes con el fin de actualizar el conocimiento respecto a su uso, elección y la rehabilitación respectiva.
Paracoccidioidomicosis con afectación mucocutánea. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Farfán Gutiérrez Christian , Moreno Villalobos David , Arellano Porras Gloria , Rodríguez Flores Arturo
Published: December 2017

La Paracoccidioidomicosis es una micosis sistémica causada por el hongo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, con alta incidencia en Brasil y América Latina. La enfermedad se clasifica clínicamente en una forma juvenil - aguda y una forma adulta crónica. La lesión primaria se inicia en los pulmones a través de la inhalación de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis por el tracto respiratorio. Puede extenderse por vía hematógena y linfática a otros órganos, así como la piel y las mucosas. Las manifestaciones en piel y mucosas se caracterizan por la formación de lesiones granulomatosas, organizadas de acuerdo con el tipo de patrón de respuesta inmune. Las personas que trabajan en la agricultura y viven en zonas rurales se encuentran en alto riesgo de infección. El diagnóstico se basa en la identificación directa del hongo con el microscopio, el cultivo o la histología del espécimen clínico. Además, las técnicas de biología molecular como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) demuestran una alta sensibilidad, adecuada para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento del tratamiento. La elección del tratamiento depende del estado de la enfermedad y se realiza con derivados de azol, como la anfotericina B y las sulfonamidas. Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón, agricultor, sin antecedentes sistémicos contributorios, que inhaló Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Presentó lesiones granulomatosas en la cavidad oral, se realizó los exámenes clínicos, imagenológicos e histopatológicos, llegando al diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis con afectación mucocutánea. Fue tratado con éxito en el servicio de cirugía bucal y maxilofacial del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue Lima-Perú.
A mellkassebészeti műtéti teherbíró képesség megítélése, perioperatív légzésrehabilitáció
Authors: Vágvölgyi Attila , Rozgonyi Zsolt , Vadász Pál , Varga János Tamás
Published: December 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Besides the oncology and operative surgical technics, functional aspects influence the operability of lung cancer. Preoperative risk stratification, evaluation of postoperative complications needs to be considered. Aim: To review international literature and experiences of our institute. Method: We focused the literature of risk stratification of thoracic surgery. Lung function, lung mechanics, chest kinematics, exercise physiology were considered. Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation for cardiovascular system, lung mechanics, muscles, exercise capacity and quality of life were evaluated. Laboratory parameters, comorbidities, obesity, cachexia, smoking cessation were considered. Results: Elevated blood sugar, kidney function, reduced albumin level increased the risk. COPD, sleep apnoea, heart failure, obesity and cachexia influences the outcome. Smoking cessation may reduce postoperative complications. Controlled breathing technics, chest wall mobilization, training have favourable effects. Psychosocial support and dietetics are important. Conclusions: Risk stratification is supported by laboratory parameters, lung function, oxygen uptake and comorbidities. Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve functionality and quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(50): 1989–1997.
A D-dimer laboratóriumi eredményeinek és klinikai értékelésének elemzése
Authors: Jákó János
Published: December 2017

Abstract:

D-dimer is a product of the enzymatic degradation of the fibrinogen-fibrin molecule, and its existence is demonstrable in circulation. The test based limits may be considered as normal values. It was first thought to be a product of coagulation, then a product of lysis. High-concentration D-dimer in blood detected in thromboembolic diseases is considered to be of diagnostic value. In cases where thromboembolism was ruled out despite elevated titres but heparin (LMWH) or CLOPIDOGREL was given as a cautionary measure, we found that D-dimer values remained elevated. This finding means that in vivo coagulation is not a precondition to D-dimer formation. Analysis of such cases uncovers liver or kidney disease in the background, but old age may also be a factor. Often elevated ferritin levels were observed ‘in parallel’ with elevated D-dimer values. These findings lead us to presume an enzymatic degradation process of ‘elderly’ protein molecules, which is universally applicable. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(50): 1971–1976.
Effects of Using CALL on Advanced Chinese Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Chang Linda
Published: December 2017

This study investigates the effect of a CALL application designed to enhance speaking and listening in Mandarin Chinese on advanced students' verbal skills, learning attitudes, and self-efficacy. A pretest/posttest experimental/control-group design with intact classes was employed to minimize treatment diffusion. Over the course of 14 weeks, students in the treatment group previewed the Chinese CALL application, based on a culturally rich and popular Chinese talk show, prior to classroom instruction and reviewed similar materials during and after class. The control group received traditional instructions from a different instructor and used a different textbook. Students in both the control and treatment groups were given criterion-referenced pre- and posttests in which lab computers were used to record their verbal responses. Students in both groups also completed a language experience survey and two questionnaires on using CALL in their Chinese learning and their self-efficacy in Chinese-speaking fluency. Analysis of test data showed that the students in the treatment group significantly outperformed those in the control group. The CALL application also fostered positive learning attitudes and a self-efficacy in students' Chinese fluency. Students considered the CALL application to be a time saver and an effective means of learning advanced Chinese.
Technology Applications in English Language Teaching in Egyptian Universities
Authors: England Liz
Published: December 2017

A study was conducted in Egypt to investigate how technology is used in English language instruction at the university level. Results indicate that teachers and learners alike are ready and, in some cases (mostly in the private-university setting), are effectively applying technology tools in the classroom and online. Specific findings indicate teachers' readiness to use technology tools in the teaching of English language skills in Egypt because of their belief that technology is both affectively and pedagogically useful to high-quality instruction. At the same time, teachers are fully aware of their needs and limits in linking technology with classroom instruction. Details on these and other results are presented.
Amenaza y seguridad alimentaria: producción de etanol en Estados Unidos
Authors: Azamar Alonso Aleida , Salazar López César Armando
Published: December 2017

Propósito: este trabajo realiza un estudio de la situación de México ante el incremento de los costos del maíz a raíz de la producción de etanol en Estados Unidos y de la dependencia de las importaciones, utilizando la teoría de O’Connor sobre la segunda contradicción del capitalismo. Descripción: se destaca el impulso a la actividad agrícola de Estados Unidos y la ausencia de mecanismos de política para el desarrollo técnico de la producción del maíz en México. Punto de vista: actualmente, Estados Unidos es el mayor productor agrícola y el más grande exportador de maíz a nivel mundial. También es el segundo productor de etanol en el mundo a base de maíz. Conclusio­nes: México se encuentra inmerso en el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN); sin embargo, la falta de un programa integral de subsidios para el campo ha generado un mayor nivel de importaciones, acumulando un déficit de 2500 millones de dólares en el 2011 (Turrent y Wise, 2012).
Pachakutik: la efímera experiencia de gobierno y las incógnitas sobre su futuro.
Authors: Carvajal Miguel
Published: December 2017

Este artículo trabaja sobre el objetivo central de la propuesta electoral entre Sociedad Patriótica y Pachakutik que fue constituir un gobierno sustentado en una alianza política democrática, con amplia base social, que marque cambios substanciales en los estilos de gestión y en la orientación de las políticas públicas. Las cosas cambiarían y Pachakutik se desembarazaría del gobierno acusando la falta de norte de su propuesta.
Rock, identidad e interculturalidad: breves reflexiones en torno al movimiento rockero ecuatoriano
Authors: González Guzmán Daniel
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se trabaja desde el análisis de un caso particular de acción colectiva protagonizado por el movimiento rockero ecuatoriano, para contribuir al debate y reflexión en torno a las prácticas de la interculturalidad dentro de las ciencias sociales en particular, y en el conjunto de la sociedad ecuatoriana en general.
Fechas en la memoria social: las conmemoraciones en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Jelin Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, y Brasil son cinco países vecinos, con cinco geografías e historias muy diferentes y específicas. Sin embargo, además de compartir sus historias de colonialismo e independencia, hay varios rasgos que los vinculan en una “región” política para lo cual se necesita una noción de región más fuerte que la basada en la simple proximidad territorial. Este trabajo académico busca encontrar ¿dónde estudiar los procesos de construcción de memorias?, o ¿cuáles son los escenarios donde se despliegan los conflictos entre diferentes interpretaciones y sentidos del pasado?
Estado, etnicidad y movimientos sociales en América Latina. Ecuador en crisis
Authors: Burbano Felipe
Published: December 2017

No es fácil comentar un libro escrito por varios autores y que aborda temáticas diferentes desde disciplinas diversas. No lo es, sobre todo, porque cada artículo y cada temática podrían tratarse de modo independiente y merecerían una reflexión propia. Por eso, en este comentario me limitaré a subrayar los debates que plantean el conjunto de artículos del libro en las tres temáticas que aborda: Estado, etnicidad y movimientos sociales. Si bien el título del libro se refiere a América Latina, casi todas las contribuciones, con excepción de una, se concentran principalmente en la crisis del Ecuador.
¿Qué democracia en América Latina? de Isidoro Cheresky (Compilador)
Authors: Eryszewicz Leandro
Published: December 2017

Resumen de ¿Qué democracia en América Latina?
RNA coIP from gradients v1
Authors: Tanaka Motoko , C Barajas Brook , R Lingappa Jaisri
Published: December 2017

RNA coIP from gradients
Effect of Cherry Cultivar and Trapping Height on Population Dynamics of Drosophilid Fruit Flies in Cherry Orchards in Northern China v1
Authors: Xiaoming Man
Published: December 2017

In recent years, fruit flies (Drosophilidae) in cherry treesin northern China have become an increasingly serious problem. In this study, we examined the species composition and dynamics of fruit flies in cherry orchards by lure traps placed at different heights, and in three different cherry cultivarsfrom April through September, between 2014-2016in Qingdao, Shandong Province. The total number of fruit flies increased year by year.Four species were captured: Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, D.suzukii Matsumura, D.hydei Sturtevant, and D.immigransSturtevant. The dominant species wasD. melanogaster, being 66.7% of the total, followed byD. suzukii Matsumura (29.7%). D. hydei and D. immigrans accounted for 3.0 and 0.6%, and for these last two species, no peak period of abundance was observed. In general, drosophilid fruit flies appeeraed inApril, and peakedaround mid-July. Over the three years of the study, peak fruit fly abundance was later each year, being at the end of June in 2014, and in the middle of July in 2015 and 2016. There were significant differences in the number ofDrosophilaspecies among cherry cultivarsas well asin the number of Drosophilatrapped at different heights.The optimal height for trap placement was at 1m above ground level, which is recommended as a standard height for monitoring trap placement.
O Goodwill Gerado pelo Passivo
Authors: Martins Eliseu , Santos Ariovaldo dos
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo está relacionado à figura do Goodwill originado do Passivo de uma empresa, ou seja, não é a do Goodwill normalmente constituído pelos Ativos Intangíveis capazes de produzir uma rentabilidade anormal e que fazem com que o valor da entidade como um todo, em funcionamento, seja maior do que a soma algébrica dos valores justos de seus elementos patrimoniais. Trata-se de uma visão que se pode entender como novidade para muitos, ou seja, a do Goodwill originado do Passivo e, não, dos Ativos de uma empresa. Existem empresas que sequer conseguem remunerar o risco que seus Ativos carregam, mas podem apresentar Goodwill devido à forma com que suas atividades são financiadas.

Método: Como ensaio, são apresentados conceitos básicos e de formulação, normalmente utilizados em avaliações de empresas. Na sequência, são apresentadas simulações que demonstram, de forma objetiva, o verdadeiro sentido técnico da formulação.

Resultados: Sabendo-se que determinadas agências estatais de desenvolvimento e o próprio BNDES acabam financiando determinadas atividades com taxas de juros generosas, este estudo apresenta ainda um caso real de existência de Goodwill originado do Passivo de uma empresa brasileira.

Contribuições: Este trabalho tem como uma de suas principais contribuições a exposição de um tema que é praticamente desconhecido no mundo acadêmico, totalmente desconsiderado pelas normas e legislações contábeis, mas presente no mundo dos analistas e investidores mais bem preparados, e o faz pela não disseminação desse conceito, com apresentação e redação acessíveis a todos os níveis de leitores.
O Que se Tem Pesquisado Sobre Sustentabilidade Empresarial e Sua Evidenciação?
Authors: Nossa Valcemiro , Rodrigues Victor Rangel dos Santos , Nossa Silvania Neris
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura, a evolução do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade no decorrer dos anos e as tendências nas pesquisas com foco na intersecção entre Contabilidade e Sustentabilidade.

Método: O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da revisão das literaturas nacional e internacional sobre sustentabilidade e seus relacionamentos com a Contabilidade. A seleção da literatura pesquisada priorizou publicações mais recentes; um misto entre pesquisas empíricas e revisões de literaturas; journals que apresentavam algum fator de impacto e periódicos nacionais qualificados no Qualis Capes.

Resultados: Pesquisas vêm avançando especialmente em dois focos: a) evidenciação – são muitas pesquisas que buscam verificar a quantidade e a qualidade de disclosure sobre a sustentabilidade, inclusive com sugestões de modelos como o Relato Integrado; e b) busca de relação entre práticas e indicadores de sustentabilidade com desempenho econômico-financeiro das empresas. Os resultados têm se mostrado muitas vezes controversos, o que abre espaços para novas pesquisas mais robustas, com teorias de base mais consistentes.

Contribuições: As pesquisas sobre o tema Sustentabilidade são recentes e foram intensificadas nos últimos 20 anos, tornando-se importante que haja um estudo que busque refletir como vêm evoluindo os achados dessas pesquisas, especialmente em questões que ainda não se tem resultados consolidados. Assim, a contribuição deste artigo vem com a forma de se estruturar a construção do conhecimento científico sobre sustentabilidade e, com isso destacar lacunas que ainda necessitam ser estudadas em futuras pesquisas.
Relação entre Percepção de Justiça Organizacional e Satisfação no Trabalho
Authors: Beuren Ilse Maria , Santos Vanderlei dos , Marques Leandro , Resendes Michel
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: O estudo objetiva verificar a relação da percepção de justiça distributiva de recompensas, distributiva de tarefas, processual, interpessoal e informacional com a satisfação no trabalho.

Método: Pesquisa de levantamento foi realizada com funcionários de prestadoras de serviços contábeis, em que se obteve 140 questionários válidos. A percepção de justiça foi analisada nas perspectivas distributiva das recompensas, distributiva das tarefas, processual, interpessoal e informacional. A satisfação no trabalho foi analisada em relação aos colegas, salário, chefia, o trabalho em si e promoções.

Resultados: As correlações evidenciam fortes associações entre todas as dimensões de justiça. Os escores de percepção de justiça e de satisfação são baixos, sendo que a maior percepção de justiça encontra-se na dimensão interpessoal, enquanto o maior nível de satisfação é com a chefia. As percepções de justiça e satisfação não foram afetadas por diferenças de gênero, idade, tempo de casa e metas. Entretanto, diferenças foram observadas no que concerne ao recebimento de remuneração variável.

Contribuições: O estudo contribui para o refinamento teórico, ao analisar associações entre cinco dimensões de justiça e cinco categorias da satisfação no trabalho. Geralmente as percepções de justiça são analisadas em apenas três dimensões principais e a satisfação no trabalho é capturada no seu aspecto geral.
Agressividade Tributária: Um Survey da Literatura
Authors: Martinez Antônio Lopo
Published: December 2017

Objetivo e Método: O objetivo deste artigo é revisar os estudos internacionais e no Brasil sobre a agressividade tributária, esta entendida como o comportamento de tentar evitar ou minimizar o ônus tributário explícito para a corporação. Enquanto tema de pesquisa acadêmica, o tax aggressiveness ou tax avoidance revela-se num tópico diversificado e vasto, embora relativamente recente.

Resultados e Contribuições: Entre as perguntas de pesquisa que nessa temática se desenvolvem, destaquem-se a identificação de quais seriam os determinantes da agressividade tributária da firma, apreciando: (i) características das firmas, (ii) atributos ambientais, (iii) restrições de gatekeepers e (iv) incentivos para as firmas. Revisa-se os determinantes da agressividade tributária dos gestores e a influência da governança e estrutura de controle. Adicionalmente, identifica-se as potenciais consequências econômico-financeiras da agressividade tributária para as firmas, bem como as proxies empíricas existentes para mensurar a agressividade tributária. O estudo se encera com a apresentação de oportunidades futuras de pesquisa na temática.
Suburban Innovations
Authors: Filion Pierre
Published: December 2017

This commentary addresses the evolution of the North American suburb over the last 70 years, a period over which it adopted a development pattern marking a radical break from prior forms of urban settlement. Early in this period, the emerging suburban form constituted perhaps the sharpest transition in the history of urbanism in terms of urban form and transportation. This suburban form rapidly came to dominate North American metropolitan regions and spread to other parts of the world. In this commentary, I propose a brief history of the North American suburb since the late 1940s seen through the lens of the contributions it made to the evolution of urbanism across the continent. I contend that while suburbs are often associated with urban stasis, because perceived as an impediment to the emergence of new environmentally sensitive and socially and functionally integrated urban formulas relying on public transit and walking, they have played a major transformative role in the past and may be the source of further urban transitions in the future. North American suburbs have also undergone deep social changes over the last decades. However, I question the claim, made by some researchers, that we are entering a post-suburban era; but at the same time, I acknowledge the possibility of major future innovations within present suburban configurations.
What Meaning-Making Means Among Us: The Intercomprehending of Emergent Bilinguals in Small-Group Text Discussions
Authors: AUKERMAN MAREN , SCHULDT LORIEN CHAMBERS , AIELLO LIAM , MARTIN PAOLO C.
Published: December 2017

In this study, the authors examine how emergent bilingual second graders collaboratively constructed textual understandings, a phenomenon they call intercomprehending, by building on each other's contributions and positioning their ideas in relation to peer ideas. The study traces the interrelationships of the utterances of emergent bilingual students discussing text in English for the first time in the context of a small-group discussion focused on English-language picture books. The textual ideas students shared were highly contingent on peer ideas and at the same time drew substantially on the text itself, particularly the illustrations. The authors argue that intercomprehending may serve as a fruitful way for emergent bilingual students to build on what they know as they read and learn in school and that classroom teachers may do well to build on that resource.
Symbols in the Strange Fruit Seeds: What “the Talk” Black Parents Have with Their Sons Tells Us About Racism
Authors: DiAQUOI RAYGINE
Published: December 2017

In this article, Raygine DiAquoi explores the temporality of “the talk” Black parents have with their sons, analyzing the way the messages they share with their sons about racism reflect sociohistorical changes around issues of race. Over the course of a year, DiAquoi conducted a qualitative investigation of the content of the messages seventeen families shared with their adolescent sons about discrimination. She asserts that the similarities between the conversations families have today and those had by Black families living during the pre–Brown v. Board of Education era beg critical analysis of the features of our current racial climate.
DIFERENTES ÁREAS ADESIVAS AFETAM A RESISTÊNCIA DE UNIÃO AO MICROCISALHAMENTO?
Authors: Thiesen Kevelin Poliana Palma Rigo , Ribas Mariana Macedo , Andrade Guilherme Schmitt de , Nahsan Flávia Pardo Salata , Schmitt Vera Lucia , Naufel Fabiana Scarparo
Published: December 2017

Quanto menor a superfície da área, maior a resistência de união, pois, espécimes com pequena área de superfície apresentam melhor distribuição de estresse, bem como reduzido número de defeitos internos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento de espécimes com dois diferentes diâmetros, 0.55 mm e 0.76 mm. 40 fatias de cerâmica Suprinity, com 1,3 mm de espessura, polidas em lixa #600, foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=20). Em cada fatia, quatro áreas adesivas foram delimitadas por fita adesiva, sendo então fixadas as matrizes circulares. Os espécimes foram condicionados com ácido fluorídrico a 5% (FGM) por 20 s, lavados e secos; então silanizados (RelyX Ceramic Primer - 3M ESPE) e secos com jato de ar. As matrizes foram preenchidas com cimento resinoso RelyX U200 3M ESPE e fotopolimerizadas por 100 s. Após 24 h em água deionizada a 37o C, os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de microcisalhamento sob velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados normais e homogêneos foram submetidos à ANOVA para o experimento inteiramente casualizado, não exibindo diferença significativa (p =0,62) entre as duas áreas avaliadas – 23,74±4,49 e 24,85±4,41, respectivamente para as áreas 0,55 e 0,76 mm. Concluímos que, não há diferença na resistência de união ao microcisalhamento quando se utilizam as diferentes áreas adesivas estudadas.
Modern concepts of thymus morphology
Authors: Breusenko Dmitriy V. , Dimov Ivan D. , Klimenko Ekaterina S. , Karelina Natalya R.
Published: December 2017

The latest scientific data of the development, structure and cellular composition of thymus are studied and presented. Both widely known sources and new literature were used. This article is reporting external features of the structure of the thymus, internal structure, cellular composition. In particular, attention is paid to the description of the thymus zones, because there has been no consensus among morphologists in this matter. Embryonic development is described, as well as morphometric parameters in different periods of prenatal development. This article will be useful in writing scientific and certificating work, books and dissertation dealing the development of thymus, because there is more actually information about this theme.
Combined minimaly invasive surgery of pancreaticolithiasis in combination with congenital stricture of the terminal sections of the pancreatic ducts
Authors: Korolev Mikhail P. , Fedotov Leonid E. , Avanesyan Ruben G. , Mikhailova Elena A. , Lepekhin Georgiy M. , Turyanchik Mikhail M.
Published: December 2017

Chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic hypertension is extremely rare in childhood. Chronic pancreatitis in this age is usually always associated with a сongenital defect of the pancreatic duct system. The article describes the case of long-term clinical observation and minimally invasive treatment of chronic calculous pancreatitis, first diagnosed in a girl at the age of 16 years. Despite the fact that clinical manifestations were observed from the age of 3 years, the correct diagnosis could be made only at the age of 16, by joint application of ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The cause of chronic pancreatitis were concrements and strictures of the main and additional pancreatic ducts that caused pancreatic hypertension. Attempt of endoscopic retrograde lithoextraction from the pancreatic ducts was impossible because of the presence of severe stricture. Therefore, it was decided to apply a combined approach using percutaneous access under ultrasound navigation. The patient underwent series of minimally invasive combined procedures including the lithoextraction, balloon dilatation and transcutaneous drainage of the pancreatic ducts with the endoscopic and percutaneous access with ultrasound and radiologic control. For the prevention of restenosis, the antegrade stenting of the main pancreatic duct with self-expanding coated nitinol stent was used with further removal of the stent. Due to the treatment, there was no pancreatitis within 5 years after stent removal.
El esclarecimiento de la verdad, la confesión y el derecho de no autoincriminación y de guardar silencio en los contextos judiciales de transición. El caso de Justicia y Paz en Colombia
Authors: Baldosea Perea Heydi Patricia
Published: December 2017

Los escenarios de justicia transicional reseñan el componente de la verdad y el reconocimiento de las responsabilidades personales como fundamentales, dados los derechos de las víctimas a la verdad, la justicia, la reparación y la garantía de no repetición; así, en el proceso transicional de Justicia y Paz, la verdad es un presupuesto u obligación para quienes se acojan a ese mecanismo transicional con la aspiración de obtener los beneficios una etapa procesal de carácter judicial en la cual el desmovilizado-postulado, renunciando a su derecho constitucional de no autoincriminación y de guardar silencio, confiesa todos y cada uno de los casos delictuales en los que tuvo participación o con conocimiento durante y con ocasión de su pertenencia al grupo armado organizado al margen de la ley, con lo cual se evidencia la tensión entre los derechos del acusado –incluso el referido al de no ser usado como medio de prueba en su contra, es decir, la garantía que lo protege de ser obligado a incriminarse–, y el derecho de las víctimas y la sociedad a saber lo ocurrido y conocer la verdad.
La cabeza de Jano en la evolución del ius in bello interno y la cuestión del nuevo ius contra bellum internum
Authors: Kress Klaus
Published: December 2017

Desde 1945, la mayoría de los conflictos armados tuvieron lugar entre Estados y rebeldes o entre grupos armados no estatales al interior de Estados frágiles o fallidos. En la actualidad, los dramas en Irak, Siria y en Ucrania nos muestran que la guerra civil es uno de los males más importantes de nuestro tiempo. Reconociendo este hecho, el Derecho del conflicto armado no internacional, en particular desde la primera mitad de los años 90, ha experimentado un desarrollo bastante tormentoso. Este desarrollo legal tiene dos caras como la cabeza de Jano: por un lado, está caracterizado por la humanización del Derecho de los conflictos armados no internacionales. Sin embargo, por otro lado, las reglas que gobiernan las conductas en hostilidades se han cristalizado, y su denominación como ‘humanitaria’ no deja de ser eufemística. Vale la pena preguntar si el desarrollo de la ley de conflictos armados no internacionales debe complementarse con un Derecho contra el conflicto armado no internacional. La controversia presente sobre una política legal acerca del privilegio del combatiente para guerreros no estatales debe desenvolverse bajo esta nueva luz.
Predictors of Sleep Disorders among HIV Out-Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Bisong Elvis Mbu , Williams Uduak Effiong , Okpa Henry Ohem , Enang Ofem Egbe , Monjok Emmanuel ,   Department of Family Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,   Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Published: December 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have been shown to have a high prevalence of sleep disturbances. Both the effects of the virus and the antiretroviral drugs may cause sleep disturbances. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of sleep disorders among HIV seropositive adult subjects presenting at an outpatient hospital setting. One hundred and fifty six subjects were recruited for the study by using a sleep disorder screening questionnaire. The mean ages of the participants were 38.7 ± 9.23 and 39.5 ± 9.23 for those with and those without sleep disorder, respectively. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders was 46.2%. Elevated systolic blood pressure, lower CD4 count levels, and being on the highly active antiretroviral therapy combination TDF/3TC/ATZ/lpvr were associated with sleep disorders. The high prevalence rate observed necessitates routine screening for sleep disorders among HIV/AIDs patients.
Time to Theatre of Acute Surgery Cases in Sanglah Hospital: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mahadewa Tjokorda GB , Wardhana D. P. Wisnu , Sri Maliawan , Putu Astawa , Yasa K. Putu , Roy H. Agus , Wibawa I. B. M. Tjakra , Ariyanta K. Deddy , Oka A. A. , Putra I. B. Dharma , Ketut Wiargitha ,   Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Neurosurgery Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Orthopedic Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Thoracocardiovascular Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Plastic Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Oncology Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Pediatric Surgery Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Urology Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Digestive Surgery Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.,   Traumatology Division, Surgery Department, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
Published: December 2017

We performed a hospital-based survey of time to theatre, between arrival at the emergency room for acute surgery cases and surgery intervention, in nine subdepartments of surgery in Sanglah Hospital. The objective of this study was to obtain the determinant factors that affect the time to theatre of acute surgery cases in Sanglah Hospital. There were 321 acute surgery cases during July–October 2016. The majority of them were of ≤65 years old (90.7%) and male cases (69.8%). There were 67% patients from outside of Denpasar city. The predominant cases were in traumatology subdepartment (47.7%), neurosurgery (24.9%), and orthopedic (11.8%). The average time to theatre was 649.83 min, and the surgery duration was 156.38 min. An analysis of the independent t-test of time to theatre showed a significant difference in age category (p = 0.042); the analysis showed that the time to theatre that differed in categories of gender was significant (p = 0.006). The time to theatre was significantly different if managed by traumatology subdepartment than others (p = 0.006) and in the type of surgery (p = 0.001) performed. This research concluded that the time to theatre of acute surgery was affected by the age of the patient, gender of patient, subdepartment category, and type of surgery. One factor that plays a key role in the efficiency of the acute surgical time is to identify the patients who require emergency or urgent surgery.
Physical Therapy and Functional Motor Recovery in Patient with Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Case Report
Authors: Dimitrova Antoaneta , Izov Nikolay , Maznev Ivan , Grigorova-Petrova Kristin , Lubenova Daniela , Vasileva Dance
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease with sudden onset and progressive impairment of the peripheral nerves. Aim: To study the influence of applied physical therapy (PT) on functional recovery in patient with a prolonged complicated course of GBS, Landry ascending paralysis and assisted breathing and 4 months in-hospital stay. Case report: The study was conducted with a 34-year-old woman in subacute stage of GBS, over the course of 2 months in the patient’s home, after discharge. PT sessions were performed 3-4 times per week for 1-hour duration, moderate intensity, without reaching fatigue. Correct positioning in bed, passive-active exercises, analytical exercises, exercises for strength of abdominal muscles, breathing exercises, training balance and coordination of sitting and standing, and massage were applied. PT included correct positioning in bed, passive-active exercises, analytical exercises, exercises for strength of abdominal muscles, breathing exercises, training balance and coordination of sitting and standing, and massage. Tests for bed mobility and transfers, Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test (FTSTS) and 10 Meters Walking Test (10MW) were applied twice in order to monitor the effect of PT. Results and Discussion: The results showed an improvement in the speed of patient’s response for transfers. Time for performing FTSTS decreased 33 sec. Improvement in bed mobility, walking speed and cadence are also observed. Conclusion: After two months of treatment functional mobility of the patient was improved.
Examining the Two Categorical Datas by Jmetrik, Bilog-Mg and Irtpro with Application of Mathematics Exam
Authors: Aksu Gokhan , Reyhanlıoglu Cigdem , Eser Mehmet Taha
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to examination of two-category rated mathematics course final exam based on Item Response Theory data analyzed with the help of 2-Parameter Logistic Model and determination of the ability and standard errors with the help of different programs. This study involves a comparative interpretation of some descriptive statistics and analysis. Therefore, research has characterized as relational model which is one of the general survey models. For this purpose, 771 students’ final achievement test responses to a 20-point final exam, were analyzed by BILOG, IRT PRO and JMETRİK programs. Item Response Theory assumptions were analyzed with SPSS and Factor 9.3 programs. Working as a result of the analysis of data all of the IRT assumptions are met and the most appropriate model of data set has been concluded that the twoparameter logistic model. The study also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between the estimated parameters related to individual ability and error at the level of .01. Especially compared to the others there is also significant relationship between JMETRİK and IRT PRO. Different models and methods of research proposals have been made in terms of response patterns to be analyzed a gain for the same data set.
Enquête Ethnobotanique Auprès Des Tradipraticiens De Santé Des Régions De Niamey Et Tillabéri Au Niger: Données 2012-2017
Authors: Jazy Mamadou Aïssa , Karim Saley , Morou Boubé , Sanogo Rokia , Mahamane Saadou
Published: December 2017

Introduction: In Niger, people employ the services of traditional health practitioners who use medicinal recipes and plants for primary health care. Scope: Identify medicinal plants for primary health care. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in two regions of Niger, Tillabéri and Niamey, according to a questionnaire. Results: This study assessed the transmission of knowledge, understood the concept of dosage in traditional medicine, and established a repertoire of recipes and plants of the traditional pharmacopoeia. A total of 913 therapeutic recipes for 226 species belonging to 77 families were collected from 168 traditional practitioners. The species most frequently encountered are: Sclerocarya birrea, Acacia nilotica, Guiera senegalensis, Annona senegalensis, Combretum micranthum, Balanites aegyptiaca, Pennisetum americanum, Piliostigma reticulatum, Cassia sieberiana, Ziziphus mauritiana, Azadirachta indica, Cassia occidentalis, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Combretum glutinosum, Khaya senegalensis, Momordica balsamina, Tephrosia lupunifolia, Prosopis africana, Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Bauhinia rufescens. The most common among them is the Combretaceae (10.68%), followed by Fabaceae (9.67%), Caesalpiniaceae (8.49%), Mimosaceae (7.82%), and Anacardiaceae (5, 55%). Among these plants, 60 belonging to 31 families, including 6 new families, were recorded. Several pathologies were treated. The most frequent of them are digestive disorders, hemorrhoids. Conclusion: These plants will be subjected to experimental studies before the development of new phytomedicines.
Investigating the Performance of Smote for Class Imbalanced Learning: A Case Study of Credit Scoring Datasets
Authors: Anis Maira , Ali Mohsin
Published: December 2017

Classification of datasets is one of the major issues encountered by the data mining community. This problem heightens when the real world datasets is also imbalanced in nature. A dataset happens to be imbalanced when the numbers of observations belonging to rare class are greatly outnumbered by the observations of another class. Class with greater number of observation is called the majority or the negative class, while the other with rare observations is referred to as the minority or the positive class. Literature represents number of resampling techniques that address the problem of class imbalance. One of the most important strategies is to resample the datasets that aim to balance the number of minority or majority observations by over-sampling or under-sampling respectively. This paper aims to investigates and analyze the performance of most widely used oversampling procedure Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for different thresholds of oversampling using four classifiers for three credit scoring datasets.