bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenylalanylphenylalanine as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis.
Authors: Chen Siyu , Li Chunyan , Qin Zhonghua , Song Lili , Zhang Shiyuan , Sun Chongxiang , Zhuang Pengwei , Wang Yuming , Yang Bin , Zhang Yanjun , Li Yubo
Published: August 2021

Background: Worldwide, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate, and pulmonary tuberculosis has a high incidence in China, and both may be misdiagnosed frequently because of similar clinical presentation and atypical imaging findings. Diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish between lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases can be detected by metabolomics to avoid non-essential treatment.Methods: This cohort study employed non-targeted and targeted metabolomic analysis in participants enrolled from three independent centers. Multivariate statistics, variable importance in the projection parameter, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used to build potential key diagnostic biomarkers model of lung cancer and these were subsequently analyzed using targeted metabolomics in test set. Quantitative analysis of differences in biomarker levels was conducted, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to identify the prediction rate of diagnostic biomarker model. Results: Phenylalanylphenylalanine showed opposite trends in lung cancer and tuberculosis. The area under the curve 0.8887 (95% CI 0.8064–0.9710, p<0.001, sensitivity 85.45%, specificity 84%), 0.8149 (95% CI 0.7419–0.8878, p<0.001, the sensitivity was 73.26%, the specificity was 78.43%) and SVM results (prediction rate 77.94%) showed the feasibility of using phenylalanylphenylalanine as a diagnostic marker for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis.Conclusions: Changes in the levels of phenylalanylphenylalanine facilitate differential diagnosis between lung cancer and tuberculosis, thereby potentially reducing the damage caused by misdiagnosis in the clinical setting, and enabling early treatment of lung cancer patients.Trial registration: This study is registered in the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (registration number ChiCTR2000040666, Registered 07 December 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx)
Coffee Types and Cardiac Metabolic Risks: Large-scale Cross-phenotype Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Jia Jinzhu , Huang Tao
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To explore whether coffee intake is associated with cardiac metabolic risks from a genetic perspective, and whether this association remains the same among different types of coffee consumers.Methods: We utilised the summary-level results of 28 genome-wide association studies (total sample size: ~5,000,000). First, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and cross-phenotypic association analysis to estimate the genetic correlation and identify shared genes between coffee intake and various cardiac metabolic risks. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test whether there was a significant genetically predicted causal association between coffee intake and cardiac metabolic risks. For all the analyses above, we also conducted a separate analysis for different types of coffee consumers, in addition to total coffee intake.Results: Genetically, coffee intake and choice for decaffeinated/instant coffee had significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) and some other cardiac metabolic risks, while choice for ground coffee was significantly negatively associated with these risks. Between these genetically related phenotypes, there were 1708 genomic shared regions, of which 139 loci were novel. Enrichment analysis showed that these shared genes were significantly enriched in antigen processing related biological processes. MR analysis indicated that higher genetically proxied coffee intake may increase BMI (b: 0.35, p-value: 1.80ⅹ10-05), while genetically proxied choice for ground coffee can reduce BMI (b: -0.08, p-value: 6.50ⅹ10-05), and the risk of T2D (T2D: b: -0.2, p-value: 4.70ⅹ10-10; T2D adjusted for BMI: b: -0.11, p-value: 4.60ⅹ10-05).Conclusions: Compared with other types of coffee, ground coffee has a significant negative genetic and genetically predicated causal relationship with cardiac metabolic risks. And this association is likely to be mediated by immunity. The effect of different coffee types on cardiac metabolic risks is not equal, researchers on coffee should pay more attention to distinguishing between coffee types.
Association Between Time in Range and HbA1c in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kurozumi Akira , Okada Yosuke , Mita Tomoya , Wakasugi Satomi , Katakami Naoto , Yoshii Hidenori , Kanda Kazuko , Nishida Keiko , Mine Shinichiro , Tanaka Yoshiya , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka
Published: August 2021

There are no large-scale studies on the association between time in range (TIR) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only. The aim of this study was to define the relationship between TIR and HbA1c levels in Japanese patients with T2DM. The glycemic profile of 999 patients was analyzed with FreeStyle Libre Pro Continuous Glucose Monitoring (FLP-CGM) while they continued their prescribed glucose-lowering medications. FLP-CGM data recorded over 8 consecutive days were analyzed. The regression model for HbA1c on TIR was HbA1c = 9.4966 − 0.0309×TIR. The predicted HbA1c level for TIR of 70% was 7.33%, and is higher than recent reports subjecting mostly T1DM. The TIR corresponding to HbA1c 7.0% was 80.64%. HbA1c level correlated significantly with many FLP-CGM-derived metrics. The patients with low TIR tended to have long history of diabetes, on higher daily insulin dose and had high body mass index, HbA1c, liver dysfunction and triglyceride. Furthermore, relatively higher percentages of patients of this group used sulfonylureas, glinides, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin. Our data showed that the predicted HbA1c corresponding to TIR is largely depends on the study population, thus is not uniform. Our results provide new insights on the management of T2DM.
Design and Development of an Open-Source and Affordable LoT System for Developing and Least Developed Countries
Authors: Karmaker Anindya , Hasan Mahmudul , Nahid Ahaduzzaman
Published: August 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) has improved the quality of our lives through various interconnected gadgets and devices. Despite having great potential, IoT systemsstill have not made it into the mainstream industries orresidential complexes due to the high cost associated with commercial IoT solutions particularly in developing or least developed countries. In-expensive and open-source IoT-based systems could be employed in these fields to improve overall safety and drastically reduce accidents. In this paper, a model IoT system has been presented that could be used in any commercial apartmentor building complex or retrofitted to existing industry and can augment safety and reliability along with improving the quality of life. For this purpose, Atmega1284P and ESP32 microcontroller-based IoT device was developed and implemented.For IoT integration and cloud operation, the Google Firebase IoT platform was chosen. To monitor the system using both Bluetooth (low energy, BLE) and Wi-Fi, an Android application was created usingMIT App Inventor 2.This device is capable of receiving and handling multiple analog or digital sensors andwill send an automated email whenever a threshold value for the sensor is exceeded which could be easily changed via the application. Furthermore, the delay and system response of this device were experimentally determined. This type of system could be easily scaled for various applications which are also discussed in this paper. It also offers better flexibility and cost-effective solution to commercially available alternatives.
Stress Analysis And Applicability Analysis of Elliptical Head
Authors: WANG Zhanhui , ZHANG Zhifang , Chen Jinzhong , Bai Jinjun
Published: August 2021

In view of the phenomenon that there is no uniform theoretical formula for the connection area between the elliptical head and the cylinder, the author takes the standard elliptical head as the research object. Firstly, the theoretical stress calculation formula of the elliptical head and the discontinuous area of the cylinder is derived according to the deformation continuity equation. Secondly, the experimental stress is measured by means of the internal pressure thin-walled vessel stress measuring apparatus, The theoretical stress and experimental stress in discontinuous region are analyzed and compared to verify the accuracy and applicability of the formula for calculating the theoretical stress of the elliptical head and the cylinder discontinuity region. The results show that the theoretical stress calculation formula of discontinuous region of elliptical head is obtained according to the equation of deformation continuity, edge force and edge moment, internal force and internal moment; The internal pressure load is kept unchanged, and for the theoretical longitudinal stress, the constant stress is greater than 0, which is the tensile stress, and decreases gradually from the vertex to the equator; For the theoretical circumferential stress, the change trend is more complex, which can be divided into three stages, and there is pressure stress. At the vertex, the magnitude of the meridional stress and the circumferential stress is approximately equal; The change of the change from point 8 to point 10 is affected by discontinuous stress, and the change trend is abrupt; The theoretical stress and experimental stress in discontinuous region of elliptical head are analyzed and compared, and the accuracy and applicability of the formula are verified. The results are of great significance for the stress measurement of internal pressure vessels.
Obesity Induces Morphological and Functional Changes in Female Reproductive System Through Increases in NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Mice
Authors: Gao Xiuxiu , Li Yangyang , Ma Zhuoyao , Jing Jia , Zhang Zhengqing , Liu Yue , Ding Zhide
Published: August 2021

Background: Recently, human infertility incidence is increasing in obese women causing it to become an emerging global health challenge requiring improved treatment. There is extensive evidence that obesity caused female reproductive dysfunction is accompanied by an endocrinological influence. Besides, systemic and tissue-specific chronic inflammatory status are common characteristics of obesity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear linking obesity to infertility or subfertility.Methods: To deal with this question, we created an obese mouse model through providing a high fat diet (HFD) and determined the fertility of the obese mice. The morphological alterations were evaluated in both the reproductive glands and tracts, such as uterus, ovary and oviduct. Furthermore, to explore the underlying mechanism of these functional changes, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the activations of MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling were detected in these reproductive tissues. Results: The obese females were successful construction and displayed subfertility. They accumulated lipid droplets and developed morphological alterations in each of their reproductive organs including uterus, ovary and oviduct. These pathological changes accompanied increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all of these sites. Such effects also accompanied increases in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway stimulation based on uniform time dependent increases in the NF-κB (p-NF-κB), JNK (p-JNK), ERK1/2 (p-ERK) and p38 (p-p38) phosphorylation status. Conclusions: These HFD-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels and NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway activation in reproductive organs support the notion that increases of adipocytes resident and inflammatory status are symptomatic of female fertility impairment in obese mice.
Response of Hybrid Bermudagrass and Manilagrass to Soil Moisture Using Water-table Depth Gradient Tanks
Authors: Henry Gerald , Grubbs Rebecca , Straw Chase , Tucker Kevin , Hoyle Jared
Published: August 2021

Previous research involving turfgrass response to soil moisture used methodology that may compromise root morphology or fail to control outside environmental factors. Water-table depth gradient tanks were employed in the greenhouse to identify habitat specialization of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] and manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] maintained at 2.5 and 5.1 cm. Turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), canopy temperature (CT), and root biomass (RB) were used as metrics for plants grown in monoculture in sandy clay loam soil. Mowing height did not affect growth of turfgrass species in response to soil moisture. Turfgrass quality, NDVI, and RB were greatest, whereas CT was lowest at wetter levels [27- to 58-cm depth to the water-table (DWT)] of each tank where plants were growing at or above field capacity. However, bermudagrass RB was greatest at 27-cm DWT, whereas manilagrass RB at 27-cm DWT was lower than RB at 42.5- to 73.5-cm DWT in 2013 and lower than all other levels in 2014. Both species responded similarly to droughty levels (120- to 151-cm DWT) of the tanks. Turfgrass quality, NDVI, and RB were lowest, whereas CT was highest at higher droughty levels. Bermudagrass may be more competitive than manilagrass when soil moisture is high whereas both species are less competitive when soil moisture is low.
The Moderating Effect of Privacy in the Relationships between Residential Livability and Residents' Life Satisfaction
Authors:   Department of Geography, Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel, NIGERIA, Bashari Sunusi , Hashim Ahmad Hariza ,   Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Samah Asnarulkhadi Abu ,   Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Ahmad Nobaya ,   Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Published: August 2021

This article seeks to determine whether privacy has a moderating effect on the relationship between residential livability and life satisfaction among low-income groups in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study utilised a quantitative research design, whereby descriptive and inferential analyses were employed. This was achieved through a wellstructured questionnaire administered to low-cost housing residents in the state. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software and structural equation modelling (SEM) using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). The results indicated that about 73.4% of the residents experienced a low level of life satisfaction. The findings from the SEM showed that the moderating effect of privacy in the relationship between the dwelling unit and life satisfaction was good. Meanwhile, privacy was not a moderator in the relationship between social environment and life satisfaction. Finally, the article revealed that the residents' life satisfaction could be improved if dwelling unit features and privacy were considered in the low-cost housing design. Practically, the study serves as a blueprint for government policy in designing low-cost housing in the future.
The Influence of Wind Effects on Architectural Buildings Heights in Iraqi Residential Buildings Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Khan Ali Hussein , Herman Siti Sarah ,   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA, Jaafar Mohamad Fakri Zaky ,   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Published: August 2021

The gradient of height in buildings is the most common way to prepare a comfortable environment and to increase wind forces around the buildings. This study assessed various design choices that enable architectural buildings to have different heights using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to analyse wind conditions. Nonetheless, wind effects may create uncomfortable zones around high buildings and may be hazardous for pedestrians in open spaces. As such, this study looked into pedestrian level wind (PLW) to enhance the wind environment of buildings in Iraqi climate. Wind characteristics may create a range of disturbance levels that affect pedestrian areas. Iraqi residential buildings were taken as case study to quantitatively analyse the outdoor buildings at PLW, so as to generate some ideas and solutions between CFD simulation analysis and architectural design to yield an optimal model.
Key Drivers for Adopting Design-Build in Public Construction Projects: Malaysian Perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, MALAYSIA, Lee Zheng Ping , Rahman Rahimi A. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, MALAYSIA,   Earth Resources and Sustainability Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, MALAYSIA, Doh Shu Ing ,   College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, MALAYSIA
Published: August 2021

Design-build (D-B) had been applied in many advanced countries because the delivery method improves construction project success. While several megaprojects in Malaysia have adopted D-B, it is still uncommon in the local construction industry. Therefore, understanding the key drivers that are affecting the acceptance or rejection of D-B is crucial. However, that information is lacking in the existing body of knowledge. Thus, this research addresses that issue by identifying the key drivers for adopting D-B in the Malaysian construction sector from the standpoint of the core project parties (e.g., project clients, consultants and contractors). Questionnaire survey data from 111 professionals with D-B experience were analysed using inferential statistics, including t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The outcome shows that the key drivers for industry practitioner in Malaysia for adopting D-B are: (1) "Maximise the use of resources between project team members", (2) "Sharing of expertise (design and technical) with project team members", (3) "Well-organised project team structure", (4) "High success rate" and (5) "Dispute prevention during the construction stage". Also, there are no significant differences found in the drivers between different geographical regions and project parties. Based on the investigations, this study adds to the current assortment of information in capturing the key drivers and providing an in-depth understanding of the underlying components for adopting D-B in Malaysia. Researchers and industry practitioners can use the findings to enhance the level of D-B adoption strategically.
The interplay between twinning and cation inversion in MgAl2O4-spinel: Implications for a nebular thermochronometer
Authors: Manga Venkateswara Rao , Muralidharan Krishna , Zega Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

We report a first-principles-based thermodynamic investigation of the interplay between cation inversion and twinning in MgAl2O4 spinel (MAS). We examine the atomic-scale structure of (111) twins and characterize the local octahedral and tetrahedral distortions. We observe that the asymmetric nature of polyhedral distortions about the (111) twin plane causes anisotropy in cation inversion energies near the planar fault. The predicted enthalpies and entropies of inversion reveal that in comparison to the Kagome layer, the anti-site occupancies of Al and Mg, i.e., cation inversion, on the mixed-cation-layer near the twin boundary are more favorable and stable in the entire range of temperature of twin stability. Structurally, such a stable inversion is necessitated by the minimization in the polyhedral distortions, especially by the octahedral distortion, which exhibits a reduction of four orders of magnitude relative to the polyhedra with no inversion. The fundamental understanding obtained on the thermodynamics of the twin-cation inversion interplay in conjunction with the kinetics of inversion was used as a basis for developing a thermochronometer for deducing the temperature of twinning in MAS. This work serves as an important steppingstone for experimental characterization of MAS structures within a host of Earth and planetary materials. In the case of the latter, our results enable the use of planar faults, such as twins, as important markers for deducing the physical and chemical landscape that MAS experienced in its evolution and transport within the solar protoplanetary disk.
Trace element partitioning between olivine and melt in lunar basalts
Authors: Chen Sha , Ni Peng , Zhang Youxue , Gagnon Joel
Published: August 2021

Mineral/melt partition coefficients have been widely used to provide insights into magmatic processes. Olivine is one of the most abundant and important minerals in the lunar mantle and mare basalts. Yet, no systematic olivine/melt partitioning data are available for lunar conditions. We report trace element partition data between host mineral olivine and its melt inclusions in lunar basalts. Equilibrium is evaluated using the Fe-Mg exchange coefficient, leading to the choice of melt inclusion-host olivine pairs in lunar basalts 12040, 12009, 15016, 15647, and 74235. Partition coefficients of 21 elements (Li, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Y, Zr, Nb, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were measured. Except for Li, V, and Cr, these elements show no significant difference in olivine-melt partitioning compared to the data for terrestrial samples. The partition coefficient of Li between olivine and melt in some lunar basalts with low Mg# (Mg# < 0.75 in olivine, or < ~0.5 in melt) is higher than published data for terrestrial samples, which is attributed to the dependence of DLi on Mg# and the lack of literature DLi data with low Mg#. The partition coefficient of V in lunar basalts is measured to be 0.17 to 0.74, significantly higher than that in terrestrial basalts (0.003 to 0.21), which can be explained by the lower oxygen fugacity in lunar basalts. The significantly higher DV can explain why V is less enriched in evolved lunar basalts than terrestrial basalts. The partition coefficient of Cr between olivine and basalt melt in the Moon is 0.11 to 0.62, which is lower than those in terrestrial settings by a factor of ~2. This is surprising because previous authors showed that Cr partition coefficient is independent of fO2. A quasi-thermodynamically based model is developed to correlate Cr partition coefficient to olivine and melt composition and fO2. The lower Cr partition coefficient between olivine and basalt in the Moon can lead to more Cr enrichment in the lunar magma ocean, as well as more Cr enrichment in mantle-derived basalts in the Moon. Hence, even though Cr is typically a compatible element in terrestrial basalts, it is moderately incompatible in primitive lunar basalts, with a similar degree of incompatibility as V based on partition coefficients in this work, as also evidenced by the relatively constant V/Cr ratio of 0.039 ± 0.011 in lunar basalts. The confirmation of constant V/Cr ratio is important for constraining concentrations of Cr (slightly volatile and siderophile) and V (slightly siderophile) in the bulk silicate Moon.
The impact of COVID-19 on formation and evaluation of portfolio performance: A case of Indonesia
Authors: Nurhayati Immas , Endri Endri , Suharti Titing , Shinta Aminda Renea , Muniroh Leny
Published: August 2021

This paper examines how to build a portfolio and assess the impact of the COVID-19 on portfolio performance using the Sharpe single index model. The research sample consists of ten high market capitalization stocks representing five price fractions of the population listed stocks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 outbreak from March 1 to May 31, 2020. The results show that there are four stocks that are included in the portfolio formation, namely CASA with a proportion of 50%, BNLI with a proportion of 26 %, UNVR with a proportion of 15%, and HMSP with a proportion of 9%. Based on portfolio performance testing using the Sharpe single index model, it is known that the portfolio during the COVID-19 has a negative Sharpe ratio, meaning that portfolio performance is underperforming. The findings provide evidence that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the stock market so that many investors have suffered losses on their portfolios. The implications of findings are that investors must evaluate portfolio performance and restructure the formation of new portfolios by considering the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak as a systematic risk factor that can determine the expected returns.
Mediating role of employee motivation for training, commitment, retention, and performance in higher education institutions
Authors: Chahar Bhawna , Rana Jain Samax , Hatwal Vinod
Published: August 2021

The motivation of the individuals working in higher education institutions has been a topic of great interest for managers and researchers for a long while. This study has been taken to estimate the importance of faculty development program (FDP) as perceived by a faculty member, the role of FDP on faculty motivation and faculty performance, exploring whether faculty motivation mediates the relationship between FDP and employee performance. To achieve the stated aim, data has been collected from 311 faculty members associated with government and private sector institutions of higher education in Uttarakhand State (India). Important factors that motivate faculty to participate in FDP and its influence on faculty motivation and performance were analyzed using factor analysis, regression analysis, and Sobel test to establish the relationship. The findings indicate that FDP has a positive effect on the teaching of faculty, enhances their skills, helps control their emotions, and strengthens their capacity to perform academic and administrative duties. Moreover, FDP enhances work motivation and, in turn, helps faculty in improving their performances. To strengthen faculty motivation, the emphasis must be put on improving faculty recognition and reputation, making work more challenging and exciting, providing better career advancement prospects, and focus more on appropriate salary and compensation benefits for faculty members.
Forced Degradation Study and Development of a Stability-Indicating Method for Amoxicillin Capsules According to ANVISA Guidelines
Authors: Gallo Margareth , do Nascimento Diogo , Nunes Nelson , de Sousa Flávia , Boniatti Janine , de Aguiar José , Medeiros Juliana , Esteves Alessandra , Guerra Graça , Ferreira Luiz , Regis Lucas , Seiceira Rafael , Moncorvo Fabiana , Chaves Marcelo
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.
Holocene environmental evolution history based on sporopollenin and micropaleontological reconstruction of KY-01 in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Kui-Feng Wang , Xue-Feng Yu , Jiang-Bao Xia , Shu-Jian Xu , Tai-Ping Zhang , Yan Xu , Hong-Jun Zhang
Published: August 2021

The Yellow River Delta adjacent to the Bohai Sea is located in the monsoon region of northern China, which is sensitive to global climate change. The core data of KY-01 borehole in the Yellow River Delta and the published records were used to reconstruct the climate environment. Based on the analysis of carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility, Ostracoda, foraminifera, sporopollenin and AMS 14C dating on the KY-01 borehole sediment core, the evolution of both the climate and sedimentary environment has been discussed. The results show that: 7656–4145 cal.aBP, seawater moved toward the land surface and the climate was generally warm and humid, when there were small-scale extreme climate fluctuations; 4145–2544 cal.aBP, transgression and recession occurred, the climate changed from warm-wet to dry-cold and there were small-scale extreme climatic events; and 2544 cal.aBP–1855 AD, the sea level was relatively low, transgression and retreat alternately occurred, the climate was drier and colder than the previous stage and the warming and cooling alternated. During the middle Holocene, cold-dry events occurred between 5737–5422 and 4451–4081 cal.aBP, which is consistent with both Chinese and worldwide climate records.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS
Authors:   Ryazan State University after S. Yesenin, Kostikova O.V.
Published: August 2021

Language has been continuously evolving and changing over the whole history of its existence which might as an integrated whole. For this purpose, linguists divide the history of language into sections or periods, each of which has its own grammar structure, phonetics and other qualitative characteristics describing a certain period of language development. Nowadays the history of the English language is traditionally divided into three periods each of which is closely related to peoples' history. This language separation is relative, but such classification is convenient for combining large volumes of English - language materials in order to study its history.
THE CONCEPT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE AS THE OBJECT OF MODERN RESEARCH
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Nasikhanova A.Z.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with some issues of defining the concept of foreign language competence. The three components of the concept under consideration are characterized: historical, cognitive, significant.
VOCABULARY TESTS IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management by Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Savchenko G.K.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the problem of using vocabulary tests in the process of foreign language teaching. Lexical tests are regarded not only as the means of control, but as the effective methodical reception for learning foreign language words which makes easier the processes of remembering words, stimulates interest for leaning foreign language. Young people like to do tasks of quests character.
THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MODAL VERBS SHALL / SHOULD IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Chechen State University, Tasueva S.I. , Sakkazova E.A. ,   Chechen State University
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes modal verbs not only as a special group of verbs in modern English, but also as one of the main means for the formation of pragmatic complex compounds, such as sentences containing modal verbs. The author focuses on identifying the connection of the semantic component of modal verbs with syntax and pragmatics, which provides food for new reflection and research.
THE SPECIFICS OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPTS “HUMILITY” AND “STRUGGLE” IN THE SERMON OF ST. JOHN OF SHANGHAI AND SAN-FRANСISCO “HUMILITY AND STRUGGLE”
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, CHIKOVANI T.V.
Published: August 2021

This article presents the results of cognitive-hermeneutic analysis of the Orthodox sermon of St. John of Shanghai and San-Francisco “Humility and Struggle” as a genre of religious discourse. As a result of the provided research, it was revealed that the concepts “humility” and “struggle” are the cognitive dominants of the sermon under consideration. Discoursive trends and stylistic techniques of these concepts' verbalization are determined. Superfrequent lexeme-colocates constituting the core of the sermon are identified.
THE FORMATION OF THE COMMON CULTURAL COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN UNIVERSITY THROUGH TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Ryazan State University S.A. Esenin, ANTONOVA E.S. , KOSTIKOVA O.V. ,   Ryazan State University S.A. Esenin, GUSACHEK N.S. ,   Ryazan State University S.A. Esenin
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the relevance of foreign language learning at present, as well as the importance and results of the formation of common cultural competences of students of the Humanitarian University.
STYLISTIC FEATURES OF TRANSLATION OF POETRY MADE BY MARINA TSVETAEVA
Authors:   Kostroma State University, BOBCHIKHINA E.D.
Published: August 2021

The paper refers to the use of some stylistic, which can be found in poems translated by Marina Tsvetaeva into Russian. Special attention is paid to the stylistic features usual for Tsvetaeva's work such as author's punctuation, gradation, paronomasia, polyptoton.
THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, KRIVYKH L.D. , BAGRINTSEVA O.B. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the application of new technologies in teaching foreign languages. Substantiates the importance of the development of other forms and methods of teaching English to students of information technology disciplines. As well as drawing attention to the use of new information and communication technologies of the Internet. The article includes examples of the use of podcasts in the development of listening skills. The article is written for foreign language teachers, all interested in the methodology of teaching foreign languages, based on new technologies.
SEMANTIC DERIVATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMMON JARGON
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Lisina G.M.
Published: August 2021

Cultural diffusion is one of the striking features of the language. Over the course of a long history of existence, the word moves from one linguistic layer to another, undergoing various changes. The article examines the process of building up the structure and semantics of the general jargon from the moment of its appearance to the present. Such metamorphoses are considered on the example of the word "lafa", moved from the literary language to substandard speech
FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A FUTURE SPECIALIST
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, MUKHANALIEVA A.A. , SHAUKAROVA D.T. ,   Astrakhan State University, DEMEUOVA A.E. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the relationship of the discipline with the specialty and the future professional activity of students.
THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC ASPECT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Chechen State University, ABDUKADYROVA T.T. , TSUTSASHVILI T.A. ,   Chechen State University
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is a scientific understanding of the methodological and theoretical problems of the linguistic aspect in intercultural communication. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the focus is on the study of linguistic aspects that can affect communication between native speakers of different languages. The linguistic aspect is not limited to identifying semantic features of words in different languages. It also covers the comparison of various communicative situations, ways of dividing the world by language means, and the comparison of speech behavior of representatives of different cultures. The result of the research is the conclusion that the language aspect of intercultural communication should focus not on finding "equivalents", but on studying extralinguistic differences, taking into account that concepts in two different languages may differ. The "meaning" of a word is the thread that connects the language world with the world of reality for the speaker.
BORROWING AS AN ACTIVE GENERATION MECHANISM SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, ZHUKOVA YU.V. , ANTONOVA E.I. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of terminology vocabulary borrowed from English. Borrowing is seen as one of the productive methods of thermo formation. Ways of formation of scientific and technical terminology are investigated.
ON THE PERSUASIVE LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION IN THE TEXT OF ADVERTISEMENT
Authors:   Bashkiria State University, MOISEEVA A.V.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the phenomenon of speech manipulation. This phenomenon is considered as being present in all areas of the spiritual and social life of society, but is especially active in the field of advertising. Speech manipulation is aimed at a public audience with certain preferences, tastes, needs, prejudices, stereotypes, profitable manipulators. A number of the most important manipulative techniques specific to use in advertising texts are given.
RECIPIENT'S PERSONALITY AS A TARGET OF MANIPULATIVE INFLUENCE
Authors:   Bashkiria State University, TITLOVA A.S.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the individual features of perception and comprehension of information. Effects of cognitive distortion in the process if the information interpretation are also observed. The article studies the basic principle of target selection in the context of manipulative influence. Special attention is paid to the plan of the manipulative strategy when the manipulator takes into account recipient's psychoemotional state in the process of targeting.
Análisis comparativo del comportamiento de los micronegocios de los departamentos de la región Caribe colombiana
Authors: Polo-Florido Manuel , Gómez-Ortíz Santander
Published: August 2021

La presente investigación fue guiada por la pregunta ¿existe independencia o asociación en las diferentes variables de los micronegocios en los departamentos de la región Caribe? Por lo anterior, el propósito de la investigación fue revisar la asociación o independencia que se da en estos negocios ubicados en el Caribe colombiano. El artículo se trabajó con una episteme positivista, desde un enfoque cuantitativo y un paradigma deductivo; utilizando la prueba de hipótesis para corroborar o refutar las aseveraciones en cuanto a la relación de los micronegocios en esta región. Se encontró que estos negocios tienen comportamientos similares o sus tendencias son idénticas, sin importar en cuál de los ocho departamentos se realice el emprendimiento. Siendo así, hay asociación en las variables analizadas en la investigación. Los resultados indican que hay una cohesión en la región, originada por el comportamiento de las variables que están inmersas dentro de los emprendimientos de los diferentes departamentos ubicados en el Caribe.
Análisis de contenido y características del mensaje en Twitter: el caso del maquillaje de lujo
Authors: Pinzón-Ríos Cindy Paola , Osuna-Soto Ignacio , Barrera-Duque Ernesto
Published: August 2021

En este artículo, se busca comprender el impacto reportado por los usuarios de las redes sociales sobre las estrategias de las marcas de maquillaje de lujo. Para esto, se utiliza una combinación de metodologías: cualitativa para realizar un análisis de contenido mediante Twitter, durante dos meses de 2016 y cuantitativa, en la cual se aplicó el modelo de regresión Poisson inflado con ceros para determinar las características del tweet, relacionadas con la respuesta y un gran volumen de interacción. Este estudio revela que, en el viaje del consumidor, predomina la precompra y poscompra en el reporte del usuario, pero la interacción es mayor en los extremos del recorrido. Además, la interacción de los tweets incrementa con valores hedonistas, específicamente la belleza, pero sorprendentemente los enlaces y videos dentro del contenido del tweet desmejoran su interacción. De manera aplicada, los especialistas en marketing de marcas de maquillaje de lujo pueden utilizar estos hallazgos para mejorar las estrategias de marketing y explorar nuevas oportunidades en el viaje del consumidor.
PCSK9 Inhibition could be Effective for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gencer Baris , Mach François
Published: August 2021

In this review, we explore the role of PCSK9 and the inhibition of PCSK9 in
patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the implementation of evidencebased
therapies to improve outcomes, one-year mortality remains at 12-15%, and there is
still a need to further reduce complications related to MI. Mechanistic and epidemiologic
studies have suggested that the naturally occurring PCSK9 protein increases coronary
plaque vulnerability through several pathways, including pro-inflammatory LDL-C oxidation
and direct modification of plaque composition. PCSK9 inhibitors are a class of drugs
with proven efficacy in patients with recent MI. The latest guidelines recommend the use
of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with recent MI early in the process of care to reduce
LDL-C values and associated morbidity. The use of PCSK9 inhibition could be beneficial
for mortality reduction after an acute MI and should be tested in an appropriately powered
randomized controlled trial.
A Computational Perspective on Molecular Recognition by Galectins
Authors: Núñez-Franco Reyes , Peccati Francesca , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo
Published: August 2021

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This article presents an overview of recent computational studies dedicated to
the analysis of binding between galectins and small-molecule ligands. We first present a
summary of the most popular simulation techniques adopted for calculating binding poses
and binding energies and then discuss relevant examples reported in the literature for
the three main classes of galectins (dimeric, tandem, and chimera). We show that simulation
of galectin-ligand interactions is a mature field that has proven invaluable for completing
and unraveling experimental observations. Future perspectives to further improve
the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of existing computational approaches will involve
the development of new schemes to account for solvation and entropy effects, which represent
the main current limitations to the accuracy of computational results.
An Assessment of In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation Methods for Theranostic Nanomaterials
Authors: Parashar Poonam , Singh Neelu , Alka  , Maurya Priyanka , Saraf Shubhini A.
Published: August 2021

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Nanoparticles (NPs) as nanocarriers have emerged as novel and promising theranostic agents. The
term theranostics revealed the properties of NPs capable of diagnosing the disease at an early stage and/or treating
the disease. Such NPs are usually developed employing a surface engineering approach. The theranostic
agents comprise NPs loaded with a drug/diagnostic agent that delivers it precisely to the target site.
Theranostics is a field with promising results in enhancing therapeutic efficacy facilitated through higher payload
at the targeted tissue, reduced dose, and dose-dependent side effects. However, controversies in terms of
toxicity and size-dependent properties have often surfaced for NPs. Thus, a stringent in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
is required to develop safe and non-toxic NPs as theranostic agents. The review also focuses on the various
entry points of NPs in the human system and their outcomes, including toxicity. It elaborates the evaluation
criteria to ensure the safe use of NPs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Applications of 2D and 3D-Dynamic Representations of DNA/RNA
Sequences for a Description of Genome Sequences of Viruses
Authors: Bielińska-Wąż Dorota , Wąż Piotr , Panas Damian
Published: August 2021

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The aim of the studies is to show that graphical bioinformatics methods are good tools
for the description of genome sequences of viruses. A new approach to the identification of
unknown virus strains, is proposed.

Methods:

Biological sequences have been represented graphically through 2D and 3D-Dynamic
Representations of DNA/RNA Sequences - theoretical methods for the graphical representation of
the sequences developed by us previously. In these approaches, some ideas of the classical
dynamics have been introduced to bioinformatics. The sequences are represented by sets of
material points in 2D or 3D spaces. The distribution of the points in space is characteristic of the
sequence. The numerical parameters (descriptors) characterizing the sequences correspond to the
quantities typical of classical dynamics.

Results:

Some applications of the theoretical methods have been briefly reviewed. 2D-dynamic
graphs representing the complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 are shown.

Conclusion:

It is proved that the 3D-Dynamic Representation of DNA/RNA Sequences, coupled
with the random forest algorithm, classifies successfully the subtypes of influenza A virus strains.