bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misinformation about COVID-19 and Dentistry on the Internet
Authors: Raja Zainab Hayyat , Shaheed Mehwish
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic to-date has no treatment or vaccine and protection from the viral illness is only possible by acting upon valid and reliable information. The dentists are considered to be the most vulnerable profession due to proximity with the patient, and this also puts dental patients at risk. Internet is one of the primary sources of information, therefore this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the online available information using validated instruments. Methods: The following terms were searched on google.com “Coronavirus and dentistry”, “COVID-19 and dentistry” and “SARS COV 2 and dentistry”. The first fifty results for each search term were evaluated. Eighteen of the websites did not meet inclusion criteria so 132 websites were critically analyzed by Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HON code) and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark. Also, the websites were categorized according to content type. Results: A total of 6 (4.54%) websites had the HON code seal, and the JAMA benchmark showed that 14 (10.6%) did not fulfill any of the requirements. Another 69 (52.3%) links had fulfilled all the requirements but 65 (94.2%) of these websites were either links to research journals or guidelines published by dental associations, universities or government organizations, and usually not accessed by the general public. Conclusion: The information available to the dentists is satisfactorily accurate and reliable, but the nonhealth personnel need to be aware of the quality of information they read. The dentists should provide information to the patients about accessing reliable online sources for information and the expected changes in dental practice. The government should regulate health information on the internet to curb apprehension associated with dental treatment and viral pandemic.
How COVID-19 is Affecting Apprentices
Authors: Hassnain Shamaila , Omar Naureen
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective: Coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) is affecting people all around the world. The rising number of deaths due to COVID-19 is not only harassing people but also causing strong emotions in adults as well as in children due to anxiety, fear and stress. The objective of this study was to assess the fears, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and related issues among the apprentices at various levels in different parts of world. Methods: It was a cross sectional survey design to assess the students/trainee’s immediate psychological response during COVID-19 outbreak by using an anonymous online questionnaire. A snowball sampling technique was conducted focusing general public all around the world from 3rd April 2020 till 7th April 2020. A total of N=354 participants filled the form completely. The structured questionnaire collected information on demographic data and psychological aspect of this outbreak, including extreme fear and uncertainty. Results: A total of N = 354 participants completed the questionnaire; majority were from the age group of 21–30 years. Approximately 66.4% were females and 33.6% males. Participants from Asia were 83.6% while 9.9%, 3.4%, 2.8% and 1% from America/Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia respectively. Out of n = 354 participants 59.3% were relying on health professionals for authentic source of information regarding COVID-19 while 16.4%, 15% and 5.4% considered social media, television and World Health Organization (WHO) website respectively as their authentic guide. Out of the (n = 354) participants 80.5% were afraid about health status during COVID-19 most predominantly females (66.3%) (P = 0.000). A total of 65.8% participants felt agitated or irritated in this outbreak. Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdowns are affecting both physical and mental health of students and apprentices enrolled at different levels of education. Females are more affected and concerned to their loved ones and themselves. Working norms are being maintained and responsibilities are being fulfilled despite this grave situation.
Applied Mathematics on Wind Turbines’ Behavior and Rightsizing Spatial Distribution
Authors: ANDRONESCU Valeria-Alina , CIPU Elena-Corina
Published: September 2021

Taking into account the recent interest in producing green energy through wind turbines, this paper aims to reconsider other options regarding different distributions in order to increase the production efficiency. Also, this paper analyses the hypothesis of Romania using only wind turbines to provide the energy needed to sustain the system, which at first may seem a bold idea, but pollution has become such a heated debate issue nowadays that it cannot be ignored anymore
Buzağılarda Tespit Edilen Cerrahi Hastalıkların Değerlendirilmesi: 350 Olgulu Retrospektif Bir Çalışma
Authors: YURDAKUL İbrahim , KULUALP Kadri , YALÇIN Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada; cerrahi kliniğine getirilen buzağılarda tespit edilen cerrahi hastalıkların genel olarak bir değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Çalışma materyalini yaşları 1 gün ile 7 ay arasında değişen farklı ırk ve cinsiyette toplam 350 adet buzağı oluşturdu. Hastalar ırklara göre değerlendirildiğinde Simmental 179 adet (%51.14), Montofon 151 adet (%43.14), yerli 8 adet (%2.29), Holstein 6 adet (%1.71), Şarole 4 adet (%1.14) ve diğer ırk buzağılar 2 adet (%0.58) olarak tespit edildi. Vakaların 227’sini (%64.86) erkek, 123’ünü (%35.14) ise dişi buzağılar oluşturdu. Toplam 350 vaka cerrahi hastalıklar yönünden değerlendirildiğinde göbek bölgesi lezyonuna sahip buzağılar (omfalitis, omfaloflebitis, omfaloarteritis, hernia umbilikalis, göbek apsesi, urakus fistülü, evantratio umbilikalis) 100 adet (%28.57), artritis 80 adet (%22.86), kırık olguları 54 adet (%15.43), iskelet sistemi (kemik, bağ, kas, tendo) doku travması 33 adet (%9.43), kongenital intestinal anomali 32 adet (%9.14), arqure-bouleture 16 adet (%4.57), angular deformite 7 adet (%2), idrar yolu problemi 7 adet (%2), luksasyon 5 adet (%1.43), parapleji 4 adet (%1.14), bursitis 3 adet (%0.86), prolapsus rekti 2 adet (%0.57), kist dermoid 2 adet (%0.57), palatoşizis 2 adet (%0.57) ve diğer hastalıklar 3 adet (%0.86) olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak hastalıklar yönünden bir değerlendirme yapıldığında sırasıyla göbek bölgesi lezyonları, artrit, kırık olguları, iskelet sistemi (kemik, bağ, kas, tendo) doku travmaları, intestinal anomali ve arqure-bouleture olguları buzağılarda en çok görülen hastalıklar olarak belirlendi.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN GADAI POHON DURIAN DI DESA BLIMBING KECAMATAN DOLOPO KABUPATEN MADIUN
Authors: Choirul Huda Fran Aldino
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the implementation of durian tree pawning in Blimbing Village, Dolopo District, Madiun Regency, and to determine the review of Islamic law on the implementation of durian tree pawning in the area. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. This research resulted in findings, 1) the implementation of durian tree pawning in Blimbing village begins with the arrival of the durian tree owner to the money owner's place to borrow money, the money owner checks the quality of the durian tree which will be used as a guarantee, if there is an agreement they sign the pawning agreement, by bringing in a witness. 2) There are deficiencies in the practice of pawning durian trees in Blimbing Village Dolopo Madiun because Murtahin takes all of the durian tree harvests even though the value exceeds the amount of money lent, maintenance costs for the durian tree are borne by Rahin. But every year there are still durian farmers who mortgage their durian trees, because of the advantages they feel the process is easy, fast, and practical. 3) There is an element of usury in the practice of pawning durian trees in Blimbing Village Dolopo Madiun.
Estimation of the vertical distribution of particle matter (PM2.5) concentration and its transport flux from lidar measurements based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ma Yingying , Zhu Yang , Li Hui , Jin Shikuan , Zhang Yiqun , Fan Ruonan , Liu Boming , Gong Wei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The vertical distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient (EC) measured by lidar system has been used to retrieve the profile of particle matter with a diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, the traditional linear model (LM) cannot consider the influence of multiple meteorological variables sufficiently, and then inducing the low inversion accuracy. Generally, the machine learning (ML) algorithms can input multiple features which may provide us with a new way to solve this constraint. In this study, the surface aerosol EC and meteorological data from January 2014 to December 2017 were used to explore the conversion of aerosol EC to PM2.5 concentrations. Four ML algorithms were used to train the PM2.5 prediction models, including Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (XGB). The mean absolute error (root mean square error) of LM, RF, KNN, SVM and XGB models were 11.66 (15.68), 5.35 (7.96), 7.95 (11.54), 6.96 (11.18) and 5.62 (8.27) μg/m3, respectively. This result show that the RF model is the most suitable model for PM2.5 inversions from EC and meteorological data. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of model input parameters was also conducted. All these results further indicated that it is necessary to consider the effect of meteorological variables when using EC to retrieve PM2.5 concentrations. Finally, the diurnal and seasonal variations of transport flux (TF) and PM2.5 profiles were analyzed based on the lidar data. The large PM2.5 concentration occurred at approximately 13:00–17:00 Location Time (LT) in 0.2–0.8 km. The diurnal variations of the TF shows a clear conveyor belt at approximately 12:00–18:00 LT in 0.5–0.8 km. These results indicated that air pollutants transport over Wuhan mainly occurs at approximately 12:00–18:00 LT in 0.5–0.8 km. The TF near the ground usually have the highest value in winter (0.26 mg/m2 s), followed by the autumn and summer (0.2 and 0.19 mg/m2 s), respectively, and the lowest value in spring (0.14 mg/m2 s). These findings give us important information of atmospheric profile and provide us sufficient confidence to apply lidar in the study of air quality monitoring.
Isotopic evidence for dominant secondary production of HONO in near-ground wildfire plumes
Authors: Chai Jiajue , Dibb Jack E. , Anderson Bruce E. , Bekker Claire , Blum Danielle E. , Heim Eric , Jordan Carolyn E. , Joyce Emily E. , Kaspari Jackson H. , Munro Hannah , Walters Wendell W. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor to hydroxyl radical
(OH) that determines atmospheric oxidative capacity and thus impacts climate
and air quality. Wildfire is not only a major direct source of HONO, it also
results in highly polluted conditions that favor the heterogeneous formation of
HONO from nitrogen oxides (NOx= NO + NO2) and nitrate on both
ground and particle surfaces. However, these processes remain poorly
constrained. To quantitatively constrain the HONO budget under various
fire and/or smoke conditions, we combine a unique dataset of field concentrations
and isotopic ratios (15N / 14N and 18O / 16O) of NOx
and HONO with an isotopic box model. Here we report the first isotopic
evidence of secondary HONO production in near-ground wildfire plumes (over a
sample integration time of hours) and the subsequent quantification of the
relative importance of each pathway to total HONO production. Most
importantly, our results reveal that nitrate photolysis plays a minor role
(<5 %) in HONO formation in daytime aged smoke, while
NO2-to-HONO heterogeneous conversion contributes 85 %–95 % to total
HONO production, followed by OH + NO (5 %–15 %). At nighttime, heterogeneous
reduction of NO2 catalyzed by redox active species (e.g., iron oxide
and/or quinone) is essential (≥ 75 %) for HONO production in addition
to surface NO2 hydrolysis. Additionally, the 18O / 16O of HONO
is used for the first time to constrain the NO-to-NO2 oxidation
branching ratio between ozone and peroxy radicals. Our approach provides a
new and critical way to mechanistically constrain atmospheric chemistry and/or air
quality models on a diurnal timescale.
A new conceptual model for adiabatic fog
Authors: Toledo Felipe , Haeffelin Martial , Wærsted Eivind , Dupont Jean-Charles
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Visibility reduction caused by fog can be hazardous for human activities, especially for the transport sector. Previous studies show that this problem could be mitigated by improving nowcasting of fog dissipation. To address this issue, we propose a new paradigm which could potentially improve our understanding of the life cycle of adiabatic continental fogs and of the conditions that must take place for fog dissipation. For this purpose, adiabatic fog is defined as a layer filled with suspended liquid water droplets, extending from an upper boundary all the way down to the surface, with a saturated adiabatic temperature profile. In this layer, the liquid water path (LWP) must exceed a critical value: the critical liquid water path (CLWP). When the LWP is less than the CLWP, the amount of fog liquid water is not sufficient to extend all the way down to the surface, leading to a surface horizontal visibility greater than 1 km. Conversely, when the LWP exceeds the CLWP, the amount of cloud water is enough to reach the surface, inducing a horizontal visibility of less than 1 km. The excess water with respect to the critical value is defined as the reservoir liquid water path (RLWP). The new fog paradigm is formulated as a conceptual model that relates the liquid water path of adiabatic fog with its thickness and surface liquid water content and allows the critical and reservoir liquid water paths to be computed. Both variables can be tracked in real time using vertical profiling measurements, enabling a real-time diagnostic of fog status. The conceptual model is tested using data from 7 years of measurements performed at the SIRTA observatory, combining cloud radar, microwave radiometer, ceilometer, scatterometer, and weather station measurements. In this time period we found 80 fog events with reliable measurements, with 56 of these lasting more than 3 h. The paper presents the conceptual model and its capability to derive the LWP from the fog top height and surface horizontal visibility with an uncertainty of 10.5 g m−2. The impact of fog liquid water path and fog top height variations on fog life cycle (formation to dissipation) is presented based on four case studies and statistics derived from 56 fog events. Our results, based on measurements and an empirical parametrization for the adiabaticity, validate the applicability of the model. The calculated reservoir liquid water path is consistently positive during the mature phase of fog and starts to decrease quasi-monotonously about 1 h before dissipation, reaching a near-zero value at the time of dissipation. Hence, the reservoir liquid water path and its time derivative could be used as indicators of the life cycle stage, to support nowcasting of fog dissipation.
The improvements to the regional South China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (SCSOFSv1)
Authors: Zhu Xueming , Zu Ziqing , Ren Shihe , Zhang Miaoyin , Zhang Yunfei , Wang Hui , Li Ang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. South China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (SCSOFS) had been constructed and operated in National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China to provide daily updated hydrodynamic forecasting in SCS for the future 5 days since 2013. This paper presents recent comprehensive updates of the configurations of the physical model and data assimilation scheme in order to improve SCSOFS forecasting skills. It highlights three of the most sensitive updates, including sea surface atmospheric forcing method, tracers advection discrete scheme, and modification of data assimilation scheme. Inter-comparison and accuracy assessment among five versions during the whole upgrading processes are performed by employing OceanPredict Inter-comparison and Validation Task Team Class4 metrics. The results indicate that remarkable improvements have been achieved in SCSOFSv2 with respect to the original version known as SCSOFSv1. Domain averaged monthly mean root mean square errors decrease from 1.21 °C to 0.52 °C for sea surface temperature, from 21.6 cm to 8.5 cm for sea level anomaly, respectively.
EVALUATION OF IPAD PRO 2020 LIDAR FOR ESTIMATING TREE DIAMETERS IN URBAN FOREST
Authors: Wang X. , Singh A. , Pervysheva Y. , Lamatungga K. E. , Murtinová V. , Mukarram M. , Zhu Q. , Song K. , Surový P. , Mokroš M.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are increasingly used in urban tree inventory measurements for their improved accuracy and promptness over the conventional methods. The focus of this study is to evaluate the application of iPad Pro 2020 and its LiDAR sensor for urban trees reconstruction and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements. Altogether, 101 trees were scanned. We have used individual- and multiple-tree scan modes with different settings (Resolution: 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm; Confidence: High, Low). With these methods and settings, we have established 12 combinations. The 3DScannerAPP was used to scan and generate point clouds and to estimate DBH circle-fitting algorithm was used within the DendroCloud software. Among 12 methods, the only method with 10 mm resolution, high confidence, and multiple-tree mode has not achieved a 100% detection rate (97%). For multiple-tree mode, the highest estimation accuracy was 7.52% of relative RMSE, and for single-tree mode, it was 7.27%. Low confidence setting had significantly higher accuracy of DBH estimation than high confidence. Furthermore, single-tree mode had a significantly higher accuracy of DBH estimation than multiple-tree mode. The most efficient combination for DBH estimation of urban trees using 3DScannerAPP within iPad Pro 2020, when time and accuracy is considered, was multiple-tree mode with 15 mm resolution and low confidence.
ON RAIN INFORMATION AS MAP FEATURES FOR CAR NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Gebert M. , Berroth T. , Navarro-Barrientos J.-E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In this paper we present a design concept, architecture and implementation of a microservice to process and integrate rain information into a car navigation system in the form of rain map features. Two different input data sources are considered: QuadTile JSON format and GeoTIFF images. Our system converts this input data into an ouput GeoJSON format with only the most relevant information for the map overlay system in the navigation system of the car. We discuss different options for the cloud appearance, like color, shape and transparency. We present our microservices architecture together with data pipelines and implementation. Our approach allows for low latency and spare computing resources, which are especially needed in embedded systems. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our approach as well as further work.
BUSINESS MODEL TRANSFORMATION IN THE GERMAN ENERGY SECTOR: KEY BARRIERS AND DRIVERS OF A SMART AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS IN PRACTICE
Authors: Meyer D. , Fauser J. , Hertweck D.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The energy sector in Germany, as in many other countries, is undergoing a major transformation. To achieve the climate targets, numerous measures to implement smart energy and resource efficiency are necessary. Therefore, energy companies are experiencing increasing pressure from politics and society to transform their business areas in a sustainable manner and implement smart and sustainable business models. Consequently, numerous resources are expected to flow into the development and implementation of new business models. But often these efforts remain unsuccessful in practice. There is a large amount of literature on barriers and drivers of smart and sustainable business models in the energy sector. But what are the factors that companies struggle with most when developing and implementing new business models in practice? To answer this question, the results of a systematic literature review were evaluated by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts of the German energy sector. Six categories of transformation barriers were identified: Organizational, Financial, Legal, Partner-Network, Societal and Technological barriers. To overcome these barriers, recommendations for action and key success factors are outlined by the experts interviewed. The interview study validates key barriers and drivers in terms of their significance in practice in the German energy sector and makes recommendations to advance the smart and sustainable transformation of the energy sector.
Effective uncertainty visualization for aftershock forecast maps
Authors: Schneider Max , McDowell Michelle , Guttorp Peter , Steel E. Ashley , Fleischhut Nadine
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Earthquake models can produce aftershock forecasts, which have recently been released to lay audiences following large earthquakes. While visualization literature suggests that displaying forecast uncertainty can improve how forecast maps are used, research on uncertainty visualization is missing from earthquake science. We designed a pre-registered online experiment to test the effectiveness of three visualization techniques for displaying aftershock forecast maps and their uncertainty. These maps showed the forecasted number of aftershocks at each location for a week following a hypothetical mainshock, along with the uncertainty around each location’s forecast. Three different uncertainty visualizations were produced: (1) forecast and uncertainty maps adjacent to one another; (2) the forecast map depicted in a color scheme, with the uncertainty shown by the transparency of the color; and (3) two maps that showed the lower and upper bounds of the forecast distribution at each location. Unlike previous experiments, we compared the three uncertainty visualizations using tasks that are systematically designed to address broadly applicable and user-generated communication goals. We compared task responses between participants using uncertainty visualizations and using the forecast map shown without its uncertainty (the current practice). Participants completed two map-reading tasks that targeted several dimensions of the readability of uncertainty visualizations. Participants then performed a comparative judgment task, which demonstrated whether a visualization was successful in reaching two key communication goals: indicating where many aftershocks and no aftershocks are likely (sure bets) and where the forecast is low but the uncertainty is high enough to imply potential risk (surprises). All visualizations performed equally well in the goal of communicating sure bet situations. But the visualization with lower and upper bounds was substantially better than the other designs at communicating surprises. These results have implications for the communication of forecast uncertainty both within and beyond earthquake science.
The blessing of dimensionality for the analysis of climate data
Authors: Christiansen Bo
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We give a simple description of the blessing of dimensionality with
the main focus on the concentration phenomena. These phenomena imply that in
high dimensions the lengths of independent random vectors from the same distribution have almost the same length and that independent vectors
are almost orthogonal. In the climate and atmospheric sciences we rely increasingly on ensemble modelling and face the challenge of analysing
large samples of long time series and spatially extended fields. We show how the properties of high dimensions allow us to obtain analytical
results for e.g. correlations between sample members and the behaviour of the sample mean when the size of the sample grows. We find
that the properties of high dimensionality with reasonable success can be
applied to climate data. This is the case although most climate
data show strong anisotropy and both spatial and temporal dependence, resulting in effective dimensions around 25–100.
Multi-disciplinary characterizations of the Bedretto Lab – a unique underground geoscience research facility
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Hertrich Marian , Amann Florian , Bröker Kai , Gholizadeh Doonechaly Nima , Gischig Valentin , Hochreutener Rebecca , Kästli Philipp , Krietsch Hannes , Marti Michèle , Nägeli Barbara , Nejati Morteza , Obermann Anne , Plenkers Katrin , Rinaldi Antonio P. , Shakas Alexis , Villiger Linus , Wenning Quinn , Zappone Alba , Bethmann Falko , Castilla Raymi , Seberto Francisco , Meier Peter , Driesner Thomas , Löw Simon , Maurer Hansruedi , Saar Martin O. , Wiemer Stefan , Giardini Domenico
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The increased interest in subsurface development (e.g., unconventional hydrocarbon, deep geothermal, waste disposal) and the associated (triggered or induced) seismicity calls for a better understanding of the hydro-seismo-mechanical coupling in fractured rock masses. Being able to bridge the knowledge gap between laboratory and reservoir scales, controllable meso-scale in situ experiments are deemed indispensable. In an effort to access and instrument rock masses of hectometer size, the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (‘Bedretto Lab’) was established in 2018 in the existing Bedretto Tunnel (Ticino, Switzerland), with an average overburden of 1000 m. In this paper, we introduce the Bedretto Lab, its general setting and current status. Combined geological, geomechanical and geophysical methods were employed in a hectometer-scale rock mass explored by several boreholes to characterize the in situ conditions and internal structures of the rock volume. The rock volume features three distinct units, with the middle fault zone sandwiched by two relatively intact units. The middle fault zone unit appears to be a representative feature of the site, as similar structures repeat every several hundreds of meters along the tunnel. The lithological variations across the characterization boreholes manifest the complexity and heterogeneity of the rock volume, and are accompanied by compartmentalized hydrostructures and significant stress rotations. With this complexity, the characterized rock volume is considered characteristic of the heterogeneity that is typically encountered in subsurface exploration and development. The Bedretto Lab can adequately serve as a test-bed that allows for in-depth study of the hydro-seismo-mechanical response of fractured crystalline rock masses.
Correlation of Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio towards the Incidence of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kalbuningwang Gagang Guntaran , Susilo Dwi Hari , Dwi Wibowo Marjono
Published: September 2021

Background: Recently, there is some consistent evidence that the inflammatory process is related to the development and progression of cancer. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may acts as simple biomarker for predicting the occurrence of cancer. Since fine needle aspiration could not distinguish between follicular thyroid carcinoma and benign lesion, the researchers were interested in conducting research correlation of PLR towards incidence of follicular thyroid carcinoma in Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya.
Methods: This study used secondary data from medical record of surgical pathology report diagnosed with follicular thyroid carcinoma who had undergone thyroid surgery at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Preoperative complete blood count was investigated then platelet-lymphocyte ratio was counted.
Results: The total research subjects were 40 people, consisting of 31 women (77.5%), 9 men (22.5%). Among three analyses between gender, age, and PLR towards follicular thyroid carcinoma, there is only one analysis which statistically had significant difference, that is correlation between PLR value towards incidence of follicular thyroid carcinoma (p value = 0.003). Two remaining analyses showed there were no statistically significant difference between gender (p value = 0.451) and age (p value = 0.336) towards follicular thyroid carcinoma. It was also found that patients with the higher PLR value had eight point five times higher suffering follicular thyroid carcinoma than those who had low PLR value.
Conclusion: According to this study, there was a statistically significant difference between PLR towards incidence of follicular thyroid carcinoma. The higher platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) value, it is more likely to develop follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Keywords: Platelet lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, follicular thyroid carcinoma
‘How dare you!’ – anklager og mot-anklager på Facebook knyttet til Greta Thunbergs FN-tale 23. ­september 2019
Authors: Elgesem Dag , Kronstad Felde Andrea
Published: September 2021

The contribution analyzes accusations related to Greta Thunberg’s speech in the UN on September 2019, posted on public Facebook pages in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The accusations we analyze are of three types: 1. Accusations that amplify and mirror Thunberg’s accusations, 2. Accusations against Thunberg, her followers, and supporters, and 3. Accu­sations against people who are bullying Thunberg and her ­followers on­line. None of the accusations is the first move in an apologetic discourse. We argue that the rhetorical functions of accusations that are not met with an apology have two important characteristics: 1. they attribute responsibility to the ­accused by expressing a reactive attitude towards his or her action, 2. they express a judgement that the action is blameworthy. We use these perspectives to analyze the accusations related to Thunberg’s speech on the public Facebook pages and characterize the rhetorical functions of the three types of ­accusations
Effect of enzyme treatment on the viscosity of bacterially infected diffusion juice of sugar beet production
Authors: Беляева Любовь Ивановна , Гурова Валентина Николаевна , Пружин Михаил Константинович , Остапенко Алла Владимировна , Сысоева Татьяна Ивановна
Published: September 2021

Приведены результаты изменения динамической вязкости диффузионного сока, полученного из сахарной свеклы разной степени инфицирования слизистым бактериозом, при обработке ферментным препаратом Декстрасепт 2.

The results of changes in the dynamic viscosity of the diffusion juice obtained from sugar beet of different degrees of infection with mucosal bacteriosis, when treated with the enzyme preparation Dextrasept 2, are presented.
Preparation of low-molecular-weight chitosan by enzymatic hydro-lysis for use in peliculture
Authors: Ковалева Элана Игоревна , Фролова Марина Алексеевна , Албулов Алексей Иванович , Варламов Валерий Петрович , Елисеев Анатолий Константинович
Published: September 2021

Хитозан и его производные обладают множеством свойств, которые позволяют применять его в пчеловодстве. Он повышает устойчивость организма пчел к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды и к возбудителям различных заболеваний. В результате проведенных исследований разработаны технологические параметры получения низкомолекулярного хитозана методом ферментативного гидролиза.

Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that allow them to be used in beekeeping. It increases the resistance of the bee organism to adverse environmental factors and to pathogens of various diseases. As a result of the conducted research, the technological parameters for the production of low-molecular-weight chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis were developed.
Features of the selection of enzymes and enzyme preparations for the production of cheeses with cheddarization and thermomechanical processing of cheese mass
Authors: Пожидаева Екатерина Анатольевна , Голубева Любовь Владимировна , Попов Евгений Сергеевич , Сердюкова Ирина Константиновна , Швец Анастасия Владимировна
Published: September 2021

Полученные экспериментальные данные позволили обосновать эффективность применения в технологии сыров с чеддеризацией заквасочной культуры Streptococcus thermophilus в комбинации с комплексом ферментных препаратов - химозина (30 %) и пепсина (70 %). Введение данной заквасочной культуры позволило удерживать активную кислотность сырной массы на уровне 5,22 ед. pH, применение комбинаций ферментных препаратов обеспечило снижение перехода белка в сыворотку в 1,2-1,4 раза.

The experimental data obtained made it possible to substantiate the effectiveness of using the starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus in the technology of cheeses with cheddarization in combination with a complex of enzyme preparations - chymosin (30 %) and pepsin (70 %). The introduction of this starter culture made it possible to keep the active acidity of the cheese mass at 5.22 units. pH, the use of combinations of enzyme preparations provided a 1.2-1.4 fold decrease in the conversion of protein into whey.
Study of the dynamics of the qualitative indicator of champignons during storage after treatment with UV radiation in the A range
Authors: Федянина Наталья Игоревна , Карастоянова Ольга Вячеславовна , Коровкина Надежда Вячеславовна
Published: September 2021

Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки свежих шампиньонов ультрафиолетовым излучением в диапазоне А различными дозами на изменение текстуры. Построена математическая модель зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по целевому показателю грибов от дозы облучения, и установлены оптимальные режимы обработки.

The results of a study of the effect of processing fresh champignons with ultraviolet radiation in the A range with various doses on the change in texture are presented. A mathematical model of the dependence of the limiting storage capacity for the target indicator of mushrooms on the radiation dose has been built and the optimal processing modes have been established.
Yacon as a culture medium constituent to culture yeasts
Authors: Цугкиева Валентина Батырбековна , Хозиев Алан Макарович , Цугкиев Борис Георгиевич , Дзантиева Лариса Батарбековна , Хаирбеков Славик Урушалиевич
Published: September 2021

Авторами установлено, что корнеклубни якона могут использоваться эффективно в качестве компонента питательной среды для культивирования дрожжей. Выявлено, что добавление мальтозы в питательную среду с яконом не оказывает существенного влияния на накопление биомассы дрожжей Rhodotorula glutinis ВКПМ Y-3469 и Pichia kluyveri ВКПМ Y-4343 селекции НИИ биотехнологии Горского ГАУ.

The authors found that yacon pips can be effectively used as a culture medium constituent to cultivate yeasts. It was found that the maltose supplements to the culture medium with yacon do not significantly affect the accumulation of yeast biomass Rhodotorula glutinis VKPM Y-3469, Pichia kluyveri VKPM Y-4343 selected by the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Gorsky State Agrarian University.
Methods gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, chromatography-mass spectrometry in analytical control of alcoholic beverages
Authors: Шелехова Наталия Викторовна , Шелехова Тамара Михайловна , Скворцова Любовь Ивановна , Полтавская Наталья Валериевна
Published: September 2021

Разработаны, внедрены в практику аналитического контроля и применены в научных исследованиях инструментальные экспрессные методики определения химического состава продуктов, полупродуктов и отходов спиртового и ликероводочного производства. Получены новые экспериментальные данные, и выявлены закономерности кинетики биотехнологических процессов.

Developed, implemented in the practice of analytical control and applied in scientific research instrumental express methods for determining the chemical composition of products, intermediates and waste of alcohol and distillery production. New experimental data are obtained and the regularities of the kinetics of biotechnological processes are revealed.
Historical milestones in the development of the enzyme and alcohol industry
Authors: Абрамова Ирина Михайловна , Серба Елена Михайловна
Published: September 2021

В статье представлены основные этапы создания и развития ВНИИ пищевой биотехнологии как ведущей организации в области научного и технологического обеспечения ферментной, спиртовой, дрожжевой, ликероводочной, уксусной промышленности, разработки инновационных биотехнологий функциональных ингредиентов, биологически активных добавок пищевого и кормового назначения, методологии контроля производства и качества пищевой продукции. Юбилейный 10-й Международный научно-практический симпозиум «Перспективные ферментные препараты и биотехнологические процессы в технологиях продуктов питания и кормов» посвящается 90-летнему юбилею ВНИИ пищевой биотехнологии.

The article presents the main stages of the creation and development of the All-Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology as a leading organization in the field of scientific and technological support of the enzyme, alcohol, yeast, alcoholic beverage, vinegar industry, the development of innovative biotechnologies of functional ingredients, biologically active additives for food and feed purposes, production and quality control methodology of food products. The 10th Anniversary International Scientific and Practical Symposium «Promising Enzyme Preparations and Biotechnological processes in food and Feed technologies» will be held in honor of the 90th anniversary of the Research Institute of Food Biotechnology.
FROM NADRA GROUP TO GEO HUB
Authors: ZAGORODNYUK Pavlo , ZAGORODNYUK Andriy
Published: September 2021

NADRA Group was founded in 1991 by Ukrainian geologists. Over time, NADRA Group has transformed into an international group of affiliated service companies that provided high-tech services to production companies.
NADRA Group has employed more than one and a half thousand employees, and then the International Hub for natural resources was established on its basis, which brought together hundreds of partner companies, which led to the transition from linear to network business and signifi cantly expanded the activities.
Subsequently, the activity of NADRA Group has spread to all natural capital and overcoming environmental and social challenges of the XXI century.
Signifi cant expansion of the company’s business has led to the transition to the platform business and re-branding of the company into GEO Hub.
Throughout its 30 years of operation, the company has worked in the stressful conditions of the transition from a planned to a market economy, being able to mobilize in time and systematically demonstrate new opportunities, concentrating on the new and achieving what was previously considered impossible.
NEW WELL RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY IS THE KEY TO THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Authors: LELYK Bogdan , STELMAKH Valerii
Published: September 2021

A detailed analysis of the available nuclear methods for well logging was carried out to select an effective technology from the point of view of obtaining true petrophysical data characterizing the formation matrix and fluid saturation at a specific point of time.
The goal of these process is research currently available nuclear technologies designed for the Oil and Gas field formation evaluation and to review results of the implementation of QUAD NeutronTM (product of Roke Technologies Ltd (Canada)) in old wells in Ukraine. 
Reviewed are pulsed neutron technologies available from leading International Logging Companies, which are widely used in Ukraine, including the QUAD NeutronTM, to determine primary petrophysical properties and the reservoir saturation characteristics. Certain criteria have been established that signifi cantly impacted quality of the data analysis during interpretation. These included the number of casing strings installed, absence of Open Hole data as input, drill bit size, presence or absence of cement in the annulus and several others. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the systems are shown and effective examples of application with recommendations and test results are provided in this paper. 
Since 2009 QUAD NeutronTM was successfully utilized in more than 3000 wells worldwide. The geography of technology application covers such countries as Canada, USA, Russia, Azerbaijan, Malaysia, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, China, Nigeria, Mexico, Georgia, Thailand, Kazakhstan, and Saudi Arabia. The following list of IOC, NOC and other international E&P companies contains only some of the users of the data provided by QUAD NeutronTM: Shell, Lukoil, Petronas, Repsol, Cenovus, Talisman, Murphy, Rosne] . 
«GEO-DELTA-KB» LLC has exclusive rights to QUAD NeutronTM technology on the territory of Ukraine since 2018. Equipment has been used to provide valuable formation evaluation data to such clients as Ukrgasvydobuvannya, Ukrna] a and other domestic companies in the Western and Eastern regions. Data gave been acquired in dozens of old Oil and Gas wells. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of the technology application, especially when making decisions for the reactivation of old wells. 
Conducted analysis of existing nuclear logging methods allowed selection of the most effective technology as compared under similar conditions. The data obtained as a result of interpretation, together with an understanding of the processes occurring in the wells, contributed to providing reliable information for making informed decisions. The most eff ective application of the QUAD NeutronTM technology in Ukraine appears to be for the reevaluation of old wells with complex design (up to 4 strings of casing) to identify missing pay zones, assess the potential of existing reservoirs, determine the presence or absence of cement in the annulus, waterfl ooding zones, etc. The technology can also be successfully used for evaluating active wells and in openhole wellbores.
TYPOMORPHIC FEATURES OF GOLD FROM OF THE SURSK GREENSTONE STRUCTURE WEATHERING CRUST
Authors: KOVALCHUK Myron , SUKACH Vitalii
Published: September 2021

Based on the generalization of the actual material of production reports, publications in scientific journals and own research, information on the typomorphic features of native gold from the weathering crust of different mineral composition of gold-bearing rocks within the deposits and ore occurrences of the Sura greenstone structure are given. The change of typomorphic features of gold in the vertical section of the weathering crust is investigated.
Dynamics of land use in a rural settlement in the Brazilian Legal Amazon
Authors: Duarte Miqueias Lima , Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão de , Castro Amazonino Lemos de , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: September 2021

Deforestation in the Amazon has reached alarming numbers in recent decades. The main factors causing this issue are not only large and medium-sized farmers, land grabbing, and illegal mining but also agrarian reform settlements, which may be contributing to the increase in deforestation rates. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the dynamics of land use in the rural settlement Santo Antônio do Matupi, located in the south of the State of Amazonas. This time-series study analyzed changes in land use and land cover from 1992 to 2018 using supervised classification techniques. In this scenario, simulations were carried out of the dynamics of land use for the period between 2028 and 2038 using the cellular automaton method of Markov (CA-MARKOV). The results show that, in the studied period, the greatest losses were in primary forests and that the most critical period of deforestation rates recorded was from 2004 to 2018 when 63.28% of the area was converted into pastures. Future scenarios based on the period studied indicate losses of up to 5.26% of areas occupied by forests by 2028, and a further 5.60% by 2038, exceeding 80% of the total area deforested in the settlement. This study demonstrates that the current model of land use and occupation practiced in the settlement is unsustainable and that future scenarios are worrying. This situation highlights a need to effectively implement programs that aim a sustainable rural development in the settlement, in addition to monitoring and controlling deforestation, designed for current managers and other sectors of the society concerned with the conservation and preservation of forests.
Actions and policy tools for local governments to achieve integrated sustainable waste management
Authors: Olivo Valdir Eduardo , Prietto Pedro Domingos Marques , Korf Eduardo Pavan
Published: September 2021

Integrated management of municipal solid waste seeks sustainability under the premises of environmental protection, health promotion, and economic development. In this context, this article proposes actions and policy tools for local governments to improve quality and governance in waste management. A set of 23 actions is proposed based on existing conceptual models and available legislation. The results are presented in three levels as follows: planning of the administrative and operational structure, waste management, and performance evaluation. The results showed that the proposed actions need to be implemented through policy tools, such as municipal legislation, social communication, normative instructions, and technical studies. The applicability of the proposed methodology, which might be replicated in any municipality to increase the efficiency of the waste management system, was positively evaluated in a medium-sized Brazilian city, which presented an overall attendance level of 52%.
THEORIZATION IN IR AND THIRD WORLD STATES: THE PROMISE OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY IN EXPLAINING THE NEXUS BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SPHERES
Authors:   Ankara Yildrim Beyazit University, 06760 Ankara, Turkey, Endalew Yihenew Wubu ,   e-mail: yihenew.wubu@amu.edu.et
Published: September 2021

Until alternative theories that sought a serious consideration of third world states in International Relations (IR) proliferated in the last quarter of the 20th century, knowledge production remained monopolized by dominant Western-centered theories. Historical Sociology in International Relations (HSIR) is one of the approaches that aimed at directing IR towards more inclusive inquiries that acknowledge temporal and spatial variance; especially against ahistorical and ‘asociological’ foundations of Neorealism. Despite this motivation, most of the studies and debates within HSIR are concentrated on illustrating the approach’s applicability in the study of Western states. Through a review of the available literature, this paper aims to demonstrate the promise of HSIR in explaining the relationship between domestic and foreign affairs of third world states. To achieve this objective, the paper mainly draws from the works of John Hobson and Fred Halliday and suggests the incorporation of third world states in the inquiries and debate within HSIR.
POWER GAMES ON THE SILK ROUTE: A JOURNEY FROM HISTORICAL TO MODERN ERA
Authors:   Centre for Central Eurasian Studies, University of Mumbai, 400032 Mumbai, India, Khan Shoaib ,   e-mail: shoaibk_92in@ yahoo.com,   ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-4854
Published: September 2021

The real aim of the programme is an extension of Chinese power and influence. As per an analyst, it is a game where China is steadily placing counters across Asia and Europe. In the Western views, it is easy to interpret comments as a strategy of China, with the aim of extending Chinese influence in a series of carefully planned steps. Around 114 BC by the Han dynasty, the trade routes of Central Asia were expanded largely through the missions and explorations of Chinese imperial envoy Zhang Qian. The world’s greatest economic construction and development project ever is being undertaken by China. In the economic map of the world the New Silk Road project is a revolutionary change. The geopolitical conflicts over the project could lead to a new cold war between East and West for dominance in Eurasia as it is becoming clearer every day.