bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El uso de la terminología científica en los alumnos que comienzan el estudio de la química en la enseñanza media. Una propuesta metodológica para su análisis.
Authors: Llorens Molina J. A. , Llopis R. , Jaime M. C. de
Published: June 2021

There is nowadays an increasing interest in the use of language in Science Teaching, as a means of communica- tion, and, maihly as an importat factor in the development of concepts. Thus, we can distinguish various aspects: syntactic, semantic, phonetic, sociolinguistic and motivational. In this paper we offer a methodology for analyzing connotations in the use of scientific vocabulary by pupils. This methodology is applied to 22 characteristic words in the teaching of preliminary concepts in chemistry. We place a special emphasis on the study of the relationship between misconceptions and the use of the words in everyday contexts.
Postgrado e investigación en la enseñanza de la física: el modelo de la Universidad federal del Rio Grande del Sur
Authors: Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

In this paper the model of graduate program in physics education adopted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS/Brasil) is described and some information about the Physics Education Group of the Institute of Physics of this University is given.
Estudio, mediante un "path-analysis", de la influencia del aprendizaje en física en el desarrollo del pensamiento formal
Authors: López Rupérez F. , Palacios Gómez C. , Garrote Flores R.
Published: June 2021

This work investigates, by a path -analysis, the strength of the direct causal linkage between the achievement in a High School Physics course and the terminal cognitive developmental level. The general fluid intelligence has been also considered in our study. The little and non -significant value obtained for path coefficient between the two first variables has been interpreted in the context of Piaget's theory.
El "desconocido" artículo del Mendel y su empleo en el aula
Authors: Jiménez Aleixandre María Pilar , Fernández Pérez J.
Published: June 2021

This paper summarizes some controversial points on the Pisum paper of Mendel and describes one experience of its utilisation with C.O.U. (High School) and University Biology Students.
Reflexiones en torno al concepto de energía. Implicaciones curriculares
Authors: Sevilla Segura C.
Published: June 2021

After an analysis of the difficulty of the energy concept, the paper proposes a review of this subject in the traditional way, in secondary school curricula, in favor of the incorporation of sorne Thermodynamics concepts. Without these, the energy concept is limited and in this manner conditions its incorporation to the student's cognitive structure by losing a large part of its explanatory power.
Enseñanza basada en ordenador : una experiencia en BUP
Authors: Vidal de Labra J. A. , Romero Ayala F. , Requena Rodríguez A.
Published: June 2021

In chis paper, the analysis of an experiment with B.U.P., 2nd. level pupils, (in the subject of Physics and Chemistry) about the incidence of Computer Based Learning (CBL) is shown. A set of pupils was divided in two groups; one received a traditional learning of «Solutions» Lesson, the other learnt the same lesson by CBL. Both groups were tested to evaluate their knowledge; the CBL group got better qualifications than the traditional group.
La "metodología de la superficialitat" i l'aprenentatge de les ciències
Authors: Carrascosa Alís Jaime , Gil Pérez D.
Published: June 2021

The object of this article is —starting from a short justification of the science learning model as a conceptual and methodological change— to bring experimental evidence of the existence of a «methodology of superficiality» deeply assumed by students... and teachers. Usual science teaching not only does not try to modify this methodology, but it stimulates it as well.
La construcción histórica del concepto de fuerza centrípeta en relación con las dificultades de su aprendizaje
Authors: Casadellà Reig Josep , Bibiloni i Matos Lluís
Published: June 2021

The conceptual errors which appear in the process of learning, keep some parallellism with the historical process of the building of science. As it might be helpful from a didactic point of view, we try to go through the main historical periods which led to the consolidation of the concept of centripetal force, also emphasizing the context in which it developed.
Las clases de laboratorio de Física : una propuesta para su mejora
Authors: Sebastià José M.
Published: June 2021

In this article we expose the features of a non-traditional design of teaching laboratory physics. The proposed design is being applied in the teaching of bachelors in physics education at the Universidad «Simón Bolívar», Caracas. Venezuela.
El papel de la matemática en el proceso educativo inicial
Authors: Guzmán M. de
Published: June 2021

A short analysis of the educational values of Mathematics and of the main defects that can be observed in the current trends in Spanish primary and secondary schools, together with some remedial suggestions.
Enseñanza de la Topología y Geometría en los niveles elementales
Authors: Vidal Costa E. , Torre Fernández E. de la
Published: June 2021

Both topological and geometric notions are a particularly essential component in the development of children's awareness. Many authors agree in the importance of this knowledge but are in dispute as to how it should be structured. We are dividing the work into two parts: in the first we are dealing with the content and offering a learning scheme; in the second we are offering some didactic guidance.
Fuerza y movimiento : la interpretación de los estudiantes
Authors: Sebastià José M.
Published: June 2021

In the present work we present the results of a study about students' interpretations concerning physical situations involving the concepts of movement and force. Using an appropriate methodology and instrumentation we obtained evidence that the general patterns of interpretation that students use in this area of physics differ greatly from the newtonian interpretation that is intented to be transmitted in physics courses. Taking a sample of Spanish students from the geographic areas of Madrid and Valladolid, and accounting for the education level, we verified the great weight of those interpretations, and that they are not replaced by the physics courses that the students have taken. Certain implications for the improvement of physics teaching derived from the obtained results are suggested in the final part of this article.
Los problemas de Matemáticas en el curriculum de EGB (Ciclo medio) : un estudio cuantitativo/descriptivo desde el punto de vista de su potencial heurístico
Authors: Cerdán F. , Puig Espinosa L.
Published: June 2021

Mathematical problems in the curriculum for children aged 8-11 are analyzed from different points of view related to the problem solving process. The aim of this analysis is to obtain information to enable us to improve both the curriculum and the training of teachers. All the problems in the textbooks of four series have been examined. Their distribution over courses, topics and types (the solving of which implies and increasing degree of creativity: «recognition exercicies», «algorithmic exercices», «application problems», «open -search problems» and «problem situations») have been studied. Furthermore, the standard solution to every problem has been carried out, to enable us to identify the heuristic tools implicitly contained and to analyze their distributions over courses and topics. The results lead us to conclude that the currimulum does not stimulate creative problem solving. This is especially evident in the almost complete lack of problem situations (percentages between 0.2 and 4.05), the low percentage of open -search problems and the high percentage of recognition exercices. Some subjects such as «sets and retations» and «plane shapes)) when examined in detail prove to be especially illustrative of the crucial role which the philosophy behind the currículum has in causing such poor results. The percentage of problems in the curriculum containing heuristic tools is low in almost every course (around 130/o). With regard to the heuristic tools identified (special case)), «subgoals», «examining possibilities», «draw a picture or a diagram)) and «trial and error») the hegemony of «subgoals» (nearly 50%) shows how and when problem solving heuristics could be achieved.
Consideración sobre algunos errores conceptuales en el aprendizaje de la Química en el Bachillerato
Authors: Caamaño Ros Aureli , Mayós C. , Maestre G. , Ventura T.
Published: June 2021

Some mistakes frequently found in the learning process of Chemistry in secondary schools are dealth with. Specifically:— the difficulty in making the difference between mixed and compound substance,— the difficulty in reasoning the discontinuous nature of matter,— the associations acorn -element and molecule-compound, - the non comprenhension of the mol concept, etc...Some suggested solutions are also included.
Intuición e historia de las ciencias en la enseñanza
Authors: Valera M. , López C. , García S. , Gil J. , Grutos J. , Iniesta Mª A , Marset Campos Pedro
Published: June 2021

This paper establishes a relationship between some of the students' misconceptions (in mathematics, astronomy, mechanics,...) and the historical evolution of scientific knowledge. The results suggest that the awareness on the teacher's side of such historical evolution would help to introduce the physical concepts in a more appropiate manner.
Análisis de dos modelos evaluativos referidos a la química de COU y selectividad (primeros resultados)
Authors: López N. , Llopis R. , LLorens Molina J. A. , Salinas B. , Soler J.
Published: June 2021

This article is about the content and analysis of examinations and assessment in a specific field: the teaching of Chemistry. We compare the results obtained by students in different internal test during and the end of an academic year with those obtained by the same students in art external test set by the entrance examination board at the University of Valencia.
Un ejemplo de profundización en los trabajos prácticos de física : en torno a la caída libre en el aire
Authors: Candel Rosell Agustín , Satoca Valero José , Soler Llopis Juan B.
Published: June 2021

As un example of laboratory work for advanced pupils, we show how they can study the experimental curve spacetime for an object which falls in the air.
Do senso comum à qualificação profissional: a construção da docência de bebês
Authors: Costa Salgado Marilda Capitulina , Silva Marta Regina Paulo da
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com educadoras de bebês em um município da Região do Grande ABC Paulista/SP. No intuito de compreender como essas educadoras vêm constituindo sua identidade profissional, utilizou-se como procedimentos metodológicos relatos orais, fontes iconográficas e documentais. Os resultados revelaram que, nos primeiros anos, o modelo de atendimento nos berçários era, exclusivamente, assistencialista. A qualificação das profissionais se deu por meio da iniciativa das gestoras responsáveis pelas instituições, uma vez que não havia profissionais com experiência e conhecimento para atuar com bebês. Diante das demandas que surgiam no dia a dia, as educadoras foram construindo suas práticas, com base em conhecimentos de senso comum e também naqueles construídos em ações formativas desenvolvidas por diretoras e professoras das próprias unidades educacionais que buscavam referenciais teóricos para qualificar o trabalho. É possível afirmar que a creche procurava construir sua própria identidade.
The Ion and Creativity
Authors: Ramos Santiago ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Readings of Plato’s Ion are usually guided by one of two broad assumptions about the nature of the text. The Romantic school sees the dialogue as making explicit the idea of Genius, and of the artist as a privileged seer of hidden truths. The Rationalist tendency sees the dialogue as a Socratic attack on poetry, of a piece with other dialogues—most notably, the Republic—that also critique the art. In this paper, I claim that applying a phenomenological method to the dialogue uncovers a way beyond the impasse between these two schools. Specifically, I argue that we must turn our attention away from the question of whether poetry is a human art or divinely inspired, and toward the phenomenon at the heart of the dialogue, which is poetry itself, or better put, the creative act that generates poetic language. Moreover, the Ion itself calls for such a reading.
Efficient Identification of High-Titer Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Plasma Samples by Pooling Method
Authors: Nguyen Khoa D. , Wirz Oliver F. , Röltgen Katharina , Pandey Suchitra , Tolentino Lorna , Boyd Scott D. , Pham Tho D.
Published: June 2021

Context.—

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has elicited a surge in demand for serologic testing to identify previously infected individuals. In particular, antibody testing is crucial in identifying COVID-19 convalescent plasma, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration under the Emergency Use Authorization for use as passive immunotherapy for hospitalized patients infected with COVID-19. Currently, high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be qualified by Ortho's Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test.

Objective.—

To explore the use of an efficient testing method to identify high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma for use in treating COVID-19–infected patients and track COVID-19 positivity over time.

Design.—

We evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)–based method that detects antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) with individual and pooled plasma samples and compared its performance against the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test. Using the pooled RBD-ELISA (P-RE) method, we also screened more than 10 000 longitudinal healthy blood donor samples to assess seroprevalence.

Results.—

P-RE demonstrates 100% sensitivity in detecting Food and Drug Administration–defined high-titer samples when compared with the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test. Overall sensitivity of P-RE when compared with the Vitros COVID-19 IgG antibody test and our individual sample RBD-ELISA (I-RE) were 83% and 56%, respectively. When screening 10 218 healthy blood donor samples by P-RE, we found the seroprevalence correlated with the local infection rates with a correlation coefficient of 0.21 (P < .001).

Conclusions.—

Pooling plasma samples can be used to efficiently screen large populations for individuals with high-titer anti–RBD antibodies, important for COVID-19 convalescent plasma identification.
Analysis of Steady Flow Over Interacting Sails
Authors: Register David S. , Irey Richard K.
Published: June 2021

Inviscid lifting surface techniques are applied to strongly interacting multiple sail configurations. A computer program is developed to solve the resulting non-linear potential flow problem. It is employed to predict the pressure distributions for a number of single and multi-sail rigs. Empirical; tall prediction and correction methods are proposed and implemented.

Catboat rigs are found to be superior to sloop rigs in lift coefficient, while sloop rigs show a lower drag coefficient. A finite optimum mainsail aspect ratio is predicted for masthead and 7/8 rigs, but not for a 3/4 fractional rig. The region of significant perturbation of the onset flow field is shown to extend as much as eight chord lengths ahead of the mainsail of a cat-ketch rig.
Marine Electronic Navigation-A General Overview
Authors: Closs Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

The evolution of techniques and skills in the art of marine navigation spans centuries. However, in the last thirty years, the science of navigation has been advancing faster than ever before. We have moved into the electronic age and have many marvelous systems and devices to help the navigator make informed decisions quickly and accurately. This paper discusses many different electronic navigation systems and equipment. It is intended to give a general understand­ing of what these systems are and how they operate, as well as some of their limitations and misconceptions. Currently, the most popular system among yachtsmen is loran, and it will be the subject of the oral presentation.
Sailing Yacht Capsizing
Authors: Kirkman Karl , Nagle Toby J. , Salsich Joseph O.
Published: June 2021

A joint SNAME/USYRU Project for Safety From Capsizing has led to significant progress in an understanding of the causes and mechanism of the single wave impact capsize.

The paper traces the background of the project, outlines the approach selected in pursuing answers to the concerns of the yachting community, presents related findings from other research and describes capsizing model tests and the linear regression of the Fastnet '79 data.
Rowing and Sailing Craft of the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Tilp Frederick
Published: June 2021

This paper is written with the hope that it may inspire younger generations to preserve for posterity something of the history and development of traditional Chesapeake Bay rowing and sailing craft. My first awareness of these vessels, 1920, came during my grammar school days, while researching the history of my birth­place, Bladensburg, the first sizeable tobacco seaport in Maryland.
FRP Bottom Blistering
Authors: Fraser-Harris A. B. F. , Kyle James H.
Published: June 2021

A discussion on the causes of "Osmosis", the appearance of blisters on the bottoms of fiberglass yachts both power ana sail alike. A description of symptoms observed by a Marine Surveyor during the last few years of practice, a simple explanation of the probable causes, followed by a technical discussion of the problems faced by industry in their attempt to eliminate the disease. Finally some suggestions as to prevention and cure in existing vessels and those still to come off the production lines.
Sailboards, Inventions, Yachts, and Exotic Craft
Authors: Russell Diana
Published: June 2021

A discussion of some concepts that apply to the development of small high speed sailing craft in general and to sailboards in particular and an analysis of the design and performance of ordinary, everyday sailboards as well as high speed ones.
Into the Grey Zone: Retired Nurses’ Reflections on Ethics in Canadian Nursing Practice
Authors: Jones-Bonofiglio Kristen , Alzghoul Manal M.
Published: June 2021

Context: Nurses are often hesitant to talk about ethical issues in their practice for many unique and valid reasons. What if the burden of risk was lifted upon retirement, even if just slightly? The purpose of this study was to explore retired nurses’ reflections on their experiences of ethical issues and decision making in various nursing practice settings throughout their careers and to glean recommendations for ethics in contemporary nursing practice. Methods: Data were collected via in-depth, individual, semi-structured interviews. Guided by an interpretive, descriptive approach, data were managed with NVivo v.11 and analyzed with an inductive, comparative, thematic approach. In northern Ontario, two nurse researchers co-interviewed eight retired nurses with decades of practice experience across diverse Canadian health care settings. Ethics approval was obtained through Lakehead University’s Research Ethics Board. Findings: Three themes emerged to address ethical issues in practice; these are creativity, resourcefulness, and a strong sense of community with other nurses. Further, the retired nurses’ collated reflections on ethics in practice are presented as the FIG model: Fellowship, Ingenuity, and Gumption. Conclusions: This study identifies ethical underpinnings that retired nurses have used to effectively respond to ethical issues in their practice. Those who are currently nursing, and nursing as a profession, may wish to recognize and retain these strategies in order to continue to deliver a high standard of quality, ethical care. Recommendations for practice, research, and education are offered.
Diminuer les injustices épistémiques au moyen d’enseignements par et avec les patients : l’expérience pragmatiste de la faculté de médecine de Bobigny
Authors: Gross Olivia , Gagnayre Rémi
Published: June 2021

Quand des catégories d’acteurs sont discrédités, les inégalités épistémiques produisent des injustices testimoniales ou herméneutiques. Ces injustices se manifestent par l’absence de reconnaissance des savoirs d’autrui et par le fait que sa faculté de compréhension soit mise en doute. De plus, bien que subissant des normes exogènes dans lesquelles elles ne se retrouvent pas, les personnes subissant ces injustices éprouvent des difficultés à se faire entendre et à identifier leurs propres normes. Ces deux types d’injustice altèrent la qualité des relations de soins, en particulier sur le plan de l’éthique relationnelle en érodant la confiance entre soignés et soignants. Pour les contrer, une expérience pédagogique adossée à des logiques démocratiques et épistémiques a été proposée à des étudiants en santé. Cette dernière comporte trois piliers : des enseignements sur le partenariat entre professionnels de santé et patients, des patients comme enseignants ou mentors et des patients comme collègues. Ces trois piliers sont présentés comme inter-reliés, l’un n’allant pas sans l’autre. Sur le plan démocratique, est visé un rééquilibre des rapports de pouvoir. Ainsi, ce sont des patients qui recrutent les patients, selon des critères qui leur sont propres et ces derniers ont un statut. Sur le plan épistémique, est visé un rééquilibre des rapports de savoirs, ce qui conduit à interroger les savoirs et les normes à l’aune de leurs conséquences sur les patients, plus exactement sur « l’expérience patient ». Deux programmes pédagogiques différents et complémentaires mis en oeuvre ont permis de constituer une expérience pédagogique au sein d’une faculté de médecine (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) située dans la ville de Bobigny, dite dès lors « expérience de Bobigny ». Il s’agit, pour l’un, de convoquer la « perspective patient » autour de la résolution de situations cliniques et pour l’autre, de convoquer la médecine narrative, afin de croiser les expériences d’étudiants et de patients autour de sujets précis.
Social Justice Theories as the Basis for Public Policy on Psychopharmacological
Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Elfferich Astrid M.
Published: June 2021

Psychopharmacological cognitive enhancements could lead to a higher quality of life
of healthy individuals with lower cognitive capacities, but the current regulatory framework
does not seem to enable access to this group. This article discusses why Sen’s Capability
Approach could open up such access, while two other modern social justice theories –
utilitarianism and Rawls’ Justice as Fairness – could not. In short, the utilitarian
approach is proven to be inadequate, due to practical reasons and having a low chance of
real-world success. Rawls’ Justice as Fairness seems to be problematic because of
conflicting stances that follow from his First Principle of Justice. The Capability Approach
has the greatest chance of success in the context of these substances, because of arguments
that can be identified under the banners of agency/self-respect and the way the public views
those who take the capability path out of their poor situation. The article also discusses
general and practical problems with psychopharmacological cognitive enhancement that should
be addressed when writing new policy on this topic.
Conceptualizing Ethical Issues of Humanitarian Work: Results From a Critical Literature Review
Authors: Côté Louis Pierre , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: June 2021

This article presents results of a critical review of the literature discussing the ethical issues arising in humanitarian work, following the method proposed by McCullough, Coverdale and Chervenak. Our aim was primarily to focus on how the ethical issues arising in humanitarian work are conceptualized within the literature we reviewed. We think that properly conceptualizing the ethical issues which humanitarian workers may face can provide avenues to better respond to them. We analysed 61 documents, as part of a literature review, which revealed that there truly is a need, amongst the authors and in humanitarian work, to discuss ethics. Indeed, even if only a small number of authors define explicitly the words they use to discuss ethics, the great quantity that we have uncovered in the documents seem to suggest vast and rich grounds upon which to address ethical issues. We believe it to be important that the ethical issues of humanitarian work are increasingly addressed in the literature and argue that it would be helpful for the vocabulary used by authors to be employed and developed even more rigorously, so that their discussions show more precision, coherence, relevance, exhaustiveness, and sufficiency. The review of the literature, as well as the resulting analysis in this article, is part of a broader project to suggest a way to conceptualize the ethical issues of humanitarian work based on the strengths and innovations of this and other studies.
What Kind of Artificial Intelligence Should We Want for Use in Healthcare
Decision-Making Applications?
Authors: Wadden Jordan Joseph
Published: June 2021

The prospect of including artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical decision-making
is an exciting next step for some areas of healthcare. This article provides an analysis of
the available kinds of AI systems, focusing on macro-level characteristics. This includes
examining the strengths and weaknesses of opaque systems and fully explainable systems.
Ultimately, the article argues that “grey box” systems, which include some combination of
opacity and transparency, ought to be used in healthcare settings.
Assistive Care Robots and Older Adults: Employing a Care Ethics Lens
Authors: Hewitt Rachel
Published: June 2021

To date, ethical critiques of the use of assistive healthcare robotics have not closely examined the purported care relationship between such robots and their users. Drawing upon the work of care ethics scholars, I argue that authentic care relies upon capacities inherently reciprocal and responsive in nature, which ultimately precludes socially assistive robots from being useful caring tools.
Accommoder une personne qui désire oeuvrer professionnellement dans l’établissement où elle ou ses proches entament une thérapie : étude d’un cas en psychiatrie
Authors: Barrette-Moran Josianne
Published: June 2021

Cette étude de cas fictive s’intéresse à la question du droit à la vie privée et à la protection des autres biens de la personnalité, qui incluent le nom, la voix et l’image, notamment lorsqu’une personne, soit-elle étudiante, stagiaire ou en recherche d’emploi, désire oeuvrer professionnellement dans l’établissement où elle ou ses proches entament une thérapie.
Human skeletons showing traces of violence discovered in disused medieval wells
Authors: Carré Florence , Thomann Aminte , Adrian Yves-Marie
Published: June 2021

In Normandy, near Rouen, in Tournedos-sur-Seine and Val-de-Reuil, two adult skeletons thrown into wells during the Middle Ages have been studied. The wells are located at two separate sites just 3 km apart. Both sites consist of clustered settlements inhabited from the seventh to the tenth century and arranged around a cemetery. The backfill of the well shafts contains animal remains, but also partially or completely articulated human bodies. In Val-de-Reuil, the incomplete skeleton of a man, probably representing a secondary deposition, had traces of a violent blow on the skull, certainly with a blunt weapon. In Tournedos-sur-Seine, a woman thrown in headfirst had several impact points and bone fractures on the skull that could have been caused by perimortem mistreatment or a violent death. After a detailed description of the two finds and a contextualisation in the light of similar published cases, we will discuss the possible scenarios for the death and deposition of the individuals as well as their place in their communities.
Sacrificial human remains in an initiatory variant of the African waste heap (Kabye country, Togo)
Authors: Daugey Marie
Published: June 2021

Until the beginning of the twentieth century, in the Kabye country, some heads of enemies – those of men foreign to the group – were buried in a mound of earth referred to as hude, meaning ‘manure’. In each locality, this mound is situated inside a wooded sanctuary where the spirit of the mythical founding ancestor resides. In order to understand this practice, this article examines how it fitted within the overall logic of the male initiation cycle, contextualising it in relation to past and present practices. Because it was a highly ambivalent element of the bush, the head of an enemy renewed the generative power of this original ‘manure’ prodigiously, so as to ensure the group’s survival in their land. The burial of the heads of strangers appears to be an initiatory variant of other forms of mastery of the ambivalence of wild forces, entrusted in other African societies to the chief and his waste heap.
CONSIDERING NONLINEAR CONNECTIONS IN THE INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL
Authors: Čančer Vesna , Veingerl Čič Živana , Šarotar Žižek Simona
Published: June 2021

To discuss nonlinear connections between constructs of the conceptual model of individual employee performance management in Slovenian service sector. Constructs were analyzed with the validated measurement instrument, adapted to the Slovenian context due to preliminary research. Existence of significant nonlinear connections between them was checked by structural equation modeling. The software tool Warp PLS 5.0. based on the Warp2 algorithm was used. Holistic employee development methods significantly improve employees’ work satisfaction, individual performance, and well-being. The quality of the conceptual model obtained with Warp PLS 5.0 supports the consideration of nonlinear connections between constructs. They exist between the constructs of the conceptual model of the individual employee performance management system in e.g. the Slovenian service sector. Results make employees and managers aware that existing performance management systems are inadequate. Hence, one must place this knowledge of the situation and trends of individual work performance as the basis for sensible management action, including new performance management systems based on a requisitely holistic approach, focusing on the individuals and their performance, not on the performance management system. The designed employee performance model is individually oriented and applies mentoring, coaching, sponsorship and intergenerational cooperation. It clarifies how one can use holistic employee development to improve individual employee performance, job satisfaction, and well-being.
Meta-analysis of the effect of expression of MYB transcription factor genes on abiotic stress
Authors: Han Zhaolan , Shang Xiaowen , Shao Lingxia , Wang Ya , Zhu Xujun , Fang Wanping , Ma Yuanchun
Published: June 2021

Background

MYB proteins are a large group of transcription factors. The overexpression of MYB genes has been reported to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plant. However, due to the variety of plant species studied and the types of gene donors/recipients, along with different experimental conditions, it is difficult to interpret the roles of MYB in abiotic stress tolerance from published data.

Methods

Using meta-analysis approach, we investigated the plant characteristics involved in cold, drought, and salt stress in MYB-overexpressing plants and analyzed the degrees of influence on plant performance by experimental variables.

Results

The results show that two of the four measured plant parameters in cold-stressed plants, two of the six in drought-stressed, and four of the 13 in salt-stressed were significantly impacted by MYB overexpression by 22% or more, and the treatment medium, donor/recipient species, and donor type significantly influence the effects of MYB-overexpression on drought stress tolerance. Also, the donor/recipient species, donor type, and stress duration all significantly affected the extent of MYB-mediated salt stress tolerance. In summary, this study compiles and analyzes the data across studies to help us understand the complex interactions that dictate the efficacy of heterologous MYB expression designed for improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
COHERENCE REVIEW OF ESSENTIAL FUNDAMENTALS OF UNANI, AYURVEDA, SIDDHA AND HOMEOPATHY SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE
Authors: Mazhar Syeda Ayeman , Anjum Rubi , Anwar Ammar Ibne , Khan Abdul Aziz , Usman Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Medicine, defined as the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. The word medicine springs from Latin medicus, meaning “physician″. According to Henry Sigerist, the medical historian has stated that every culture had developed a system of medicine and medical history is but one aspect of history of culture. India, with its rich cultural heritage, has been in the forefront in contributing to the medical sciences, and there is plenty of proof of the same. Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) is one component of the six indigenous systems of medicine practiced in India. The art of tending to the sick is as antique as the humanity itself. The ancient civilizations probably knew about the functions, physiology and anatomy of the human physique in surprising details, and their art of tending the sick remains an evidence of their knowledge. The medical systems that are truly Indian in origin and development are Ayurveda and as well the Siddha system. Unani-Tibb and Homeopathy, though not of Indian origin, have a significant importance in health care in India. Today, India is among the leading countries as far as the practice of Unani medicine is concerned. This paper will be an attempt in analysing the insights of various fundamental principles and key concepts of Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and Homeopathy along with their differential aspects.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ELA (ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM) AND PIPPALI (PIPER LONGUM)
Authors: Shareef Abdul Gaffar , H Chaitra
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate physicochemical and phytochemical Analysis of Ela & Pippali. Objectives: To Analyse the Physicochemical and Phytochemical properties of Ela and Pippali, as physicochemical and phytochemical aspects is an important parameter in detecting adulteration or improper handling of drugs. Materials and Method: Raw drugs were procured from local market in Hassan. The Drugs are identified, and Physicochemical and Phytochemical analysis was done at Dravya Guna department of Sri Dharmasthala Manjunateshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital Hassan. Results and Discussion: Physico chemical analysis of Ela and Pippali was carried out and found similar to reported API standard limits. Qualitative tests of the Ela showed presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates and Proteins. Qualitative tests of the Pippali showed presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, steroids, tannins, carbohydrates and Proteins. These secondary metabolites are the essential part of the drug which makes the plant useful for treating different ailments and having the potential of providing useful drugs for the management of various conditions. Conclusion: The present study will provide sufficient information about the identification, standardization, Therapeutic efficacy and quality control of Ela and Pippali.
The Case Studies of PtX2 (X = As, P) as High Thermo-power Materials
Authors: Popoola Adewumi I. , Adepoju Adebayo T.
Published: June 2021

For thermoelectric applications, semiconductors are generally better than metals and insulators. PtAs2 and PtP2 are indirect energy gap semiconductors that have been predicted with high thermo-powers (PtP2 having higher thermopower than PtAs2). The crystal structure and the electronic structure of PtAs2 and PtP2 are similar except for the energy band gap of PtP2 that is wider than that of PtAs2. The generalized gradient approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) were used to explore the full elastic tensors, phonon dispersion and the thermodynamics of PtP2 and PtAs2. This was done to understand the link, if any, between high thermo-power materials and the results. The two compounds are dynamically and elastically stable with higher mechanical properties recorded for PtP2 over PtAs2. The calculated entropy, vibration free energy and the heat capacity at constant volume for PtAs2 (PtP2) were 354.51 (264.18) J/K; -9.21 (27.84) kJ and 276.04 (250.36) J/K at 300 K respectively. The low frequency acoustic modes are between 100 - 170 cm-1 for PtAs2 while it is between100 - 190 cm-1 for PtP2. The calculated high frequency transverse optical (TO) mode for PtP2 is 410 cm-1 while it is 250 cm-1 for PtAs2.  Further analysis of the phonons spectrum showed that additional bond-bending modes can be created in PtP2 than in PtAs2.  All the results points toward PtP2 as better material over PtAs2 for thermoelectric application and these, with or without the knowledge of the energy bandgap can serve to guide material selection/modelling.
Wound treatment strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: An expert opinion
Authors: Özker Emre , Erkin Alper , Murat Aslan Hasan , Kurtoğlu Tünay , Çağdaş Çayır Mustafa , Akay Tankut , Aydın Ünal , Erdil Nevzat , Yürekli İsmail , Demirkılıç Ufuk
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a great challenge for the healthcare systems and healthcare workers worldwide. The resources and the infrastructure of the healthcare systems are reorganized to provide care for abundant number of pandemic patients. All elective procedures and treatments have either cancelled or postponed. Treatment of lower extremity ulcers may be misclassified as non-essential during this pandemic; however, without regular best wound care, these ulcers are at a great risk of becoming quickly infected, which may lead to an increased rate of septicemia, amputations, and even deaths in this fragile patient population. In this review, we discuss the treatment strategies for lower leg ulcers and vascular pathologies during pandemic and provide an algorithm for triage which may be a useful guide for vascular surgeons.
Inhibition of miR‐93‐5p promotes osteogenic differentiation in a rabbit model of trauma‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhuang Zhikun , Wei Qiushi , Li Peifeng , Li Jitian , Fan Yanan , Zhang Leilei , Hong Zhinan , He Wei , Wang Haibin , Liu Youwen , Li Wuyin
Published: June 2021

Trauma‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) is characterized by femoral head collapse accompanied by degenerative changes of the hip. We previously reported that miR‐93‐5p expression is abnormally high in patients with TIONFH, but the role of miR‐93‐5p in the TIONFH process remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of miR‐93‐5p in TIONFH in a rabbit model. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. A rabbit model of TIONFH was injected with BMSCs transfected with miR‐93‐5p inhibitor. In addition, both an miR‐93‐5p mimic and negative control were transfected into BMSCs. Expression of miR‐93‐5p was significantly increased in the model group compared with control samples. An miR‐93‐5p inhibitor induced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, expression of osteogenesis‐related markers (BMP‐2, secreted phosphoprotein 1, RUNX family transcription factor 2 and Osterix) was higher in the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor group, as revealed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. In addition, in vitro experimentation revealed that an miR‐93‐5p mimic decreased BMP‐2 and TNF receptor superfamily member 11b expression, but increased receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand expression. In summary, the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor could promote osteogenic differentiation by increasing BMP‐2 expression during the development of TIONFH. Thus, miR‐93‐5p may have potential as a therapeutic target for TIONF treatment.
Salvinorin A inhibits ovalbumin‐stimulated allergic rhinitis and RBL‐2H3 cells degranulation
Authors: Shou Qiyang , Tan Tao , Xu Faying
Published: June 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a long‐term noncommunicable inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E and is mainly caused by exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to environmental allergens. Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Salvinorin A has been previously shown to inhibit leukotriene production and mast cell degranulation to suppress airway hyperresponsiveness caused by sensitization; thus, we hypothesized that salvinorin A has an anti‐AR effect. We tested this hypothesis using monoclonal anti‐2,4,6‐dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E/human serum albumin‐induced rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL‐2H3 cells) and ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced AR in mice as in vivo and in vitro AR models, respectively. The expression levels of histamine, β‐hexosaminidase, interleukin‐4 and tumor necrosis factor‐α were decreased by salvinorin A in vitro. Granule release and F‐actin organization were also suppressed by salvinorin A. Furthermore, salvinorin A inhibited OVA‐induced features of AR in mice, including nasal rubbing and sneezing, as well as increased OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E, histamine, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐4 levels. In addition, salvinorin A decreased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests that salvinorin A suppresses AR caused by sensitization by inhibiting the inflammatory responses of mast cells; thus, salvinorin A may have potential for treatment of AR.
Industrializing precast productions
Authors: Mark Peter , Lanza Gisela , Lordick Daniel , Albers Albert , König Markus , Borrmann Andre , Stempniewski Lothar , Forman Patrick , Frey Alex Maximilian , Renz Robert , Manny Agemar , Stindt Jan
Published: June 2021

Building in heavy rain is seldom beneficial, but common practice on site. It promotes inaccuracies and impairs the use of modern but sensible high‐performance materials and costs time, since disruption in construction frequently causes complicated returns to the planning process. Nevertheless, a handcrafted production process is still considered the one and only alternative since all buildings are unique and thus must be manually constructed on site. Indeed? The priority program entitled “Adaptive modularized constructions made in a flux” funded by the German Research Foundation follows a completely new approach. Buildings are divided into similar modular precast concrete elements, prefabricated in flow production, quality‐assured, and just‐in‐time assembled on site. Comparable to puzzles with many pieces, the uniqueness of the structure is maintained. The motto is: “Individuality on a large scale‐similarity on a small scale”. The contribution presents approaches of modularization, production concepts, and linking digital models. Serial, stationary prefabrication enables short production times and resource‐efficient modules that are assembled to load‐bearing structures with low geometrical deviations. Stringent digitalization ensures high quality of all intermediate steps. These comprise fabrication, assembly, and the whole service life of the structure. The result is a lean production process.
A simplified method for separating renal MPCs using SLAMF9
Authors: Mikulin Joseph A. , Bates Briana L. , Wilson Timothy J.
Published: June 2021

Mononuclear phagocytes comprise an array of tissue‐resident and monocyte‐derived cells with important roles in tissue homeostasis and resistance to infection. Their diverse phenotypes make functional characterization within tissues challenging, because multiple surface markers are typically required for subset identification and isolation by cell sorting methods. Analysis of SLAMF9 expression within renal mononuclear phagocyte populations by multi‐parametric flow cytometry indicates that SLAMF9 is a specific marker for identification of kidney‐resident CD45+ CD11c+ MHC‐II+ cells corresponding to prominent tissue‐resident MPC populations derived from dendritic cell progenitors in adult mice. High SLAMF9 expression was sufficient to identify and sort these cells from disaggregated tissue using a user‐operated cell sorter. The population can be further subdivided according to expression of CD11b and CD14 to identify IRF8high cDC1 cells and cleanly separate the CD11bhigh F4/80low and CD11bint F4/80high CD11c+ MPC subsets. Therefore, SLAMF9 expression allows for the identification and sorting of kidney‐resident CD11b+ CD11c+ CD64+ F4/80+ CX3CR1+ MHC‐II+ MPCs without the need for complex antibody panels or reporter mice, simplifying isolation of these cells for study ex vivo.
Quantifying the demographic vulnerabilities of dry woodlands to climate and competition using rangewide monitoring data
Authors: Shriver Robert K. , Yackulic Charles B. , Bell David M. , Bradford John B.
Published: June 2021

Climate change is expected to alter the distribution and abundance of tree species, impacting ecosystem structure and function. Yet, anticipating where this will occur is often hampered by a lack of understanding of how demographic rates, most notably recruitment, vary in response to climate and competition across a species range. Using large‐scale monitoring data on two dry woodland tree species (Pinus edulis and Juniperus osteosperma), we develop an approach to infer recruitment, survival, and growth of both species across their range. In doing so, we account for ecological and statistical dependencies inherent in large‐scale monitoring data. We find that drying and warming conditions generally lead to declines in recruitment and survival, but the strength of responses varied between species. These climate conditions point to geographic regions of high vulnerability for particular species, such as Pinus edulis in northern Arizona, where both survival and recruitment are low. Our approach provides a path forward for leveraging emerging large‐scale monitoring and remotely sensed data to anticipate the impacts of global change on species distributions.
A hidden Markov model for estimating age‐specific survival when age and size are uncertain
Authors: Gowan Timothy A. , Tringali Michael D. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Martin Julien , Ward‐Geiger Leslie I. , Johnson Jennifer M.
Published: June 2021

Estimates of age‐specific survival probabilities are needed for age‐structured population models and to inform conservation decisions. However, determining the age of individuals in wildlife populations is often problematic. We present a hidden Markov model for estimating age‐specific survival from capture–recapture or capture–recapture–recovery data when age is unknown and indicators of age, such as size and growth layer counts, are imprecise. The model is evaluated through simulations, and its implementation is illustrated with maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches in commonly used software. The model is then applied to genetic capture–recapture data of Florida manatees to estimate age‐ and time‐variant survival probabilities. The approach is broadly applicable to studies aiming to quantify age‐specific effects of environmental change and management actions on population dynamics, including studies that rely on minimally invasive methods such as genetic and photo identification.