bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For Better and for Worse: Family and Friends' Responses to Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Lasker Judith N. , Sogolow Ellen D. , Sharim Rebecca R.
Published: July 2016

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic and potentially fatal liver disease that primarily affects women in their middle years. Caregivers of people with PBC or other rare chronic ailments face a number of challenges; this study addresses responses to those challenges based on a survey and on messages posted to a listserv specifically for family members and friends of people who have PBC. Both revealed patterns related to life stage and gender. In general, husbands (many of them retired) reported readiness to accept changed circumstances and make behavioral adaptations, and they were unlikely to utilize online support opportunities. Female family members (many of them non-spouses) and friends were more likely to provide socio-emotional support and to use online support.
Depression and Anxiety in Mastectomy Cases
Authors: Farooqi Yasmin N.
Published: July 2016

The present research evaluated depression and anxiety in patients undergoing mastectomy during their pre-surgical and post surgical phases. A Pre-Post Research Design was used. Sample consisted of 50 married mastectomy patients, selected from the Surgery Department of Mayo Hospital, Hameed Latif Hospital and Jinnah Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Each subject was individually administered Depression Scale and Anxiety Check-List twice; that is: 1–7 days before and 1–7 days after surgery. The mastectomy patients showed greater depression and anxiety ( t = 1.68; df = 48; * p < 0.05) in the pre-surgical phase as compared to their post surgical phase probably due to the emphasis on body image and long-term psychosocial and sexual conflicts associated with the loss of this organ.
Coping with Genetic Disorder: A Sociological Understanding of Parent-Caregivers' Experiences
Authors: Roy Tanuka , Chatterjee Suhita Chopra
Published: July 2016

Parent-caregivers (PACs) of Thalassaemic children face a variety of stress and strain. The article looks into the different experiences of PACs in a relatively underdeveloped setting in India characterized by poor medical and social support services. The problem is compounded by illiteracy and poverty of the PACs. The study highlights the different ways in which PACs cope with the existential crisis of illness in their lives. Central to coping, meanings play an important role. Hoping and normalization are other mechanisms which help them to confront the crisis. The findings indicate considerable differences in caregiving experiences according to PACs' education and religious background. These differences are also reflected in their awareness and preferences for different intervention programmes. The article concludes by indicating the need to develop culturally sensitive intervention strategies which can take into account these variations.
Special Needs Fathers: Til Death Do Us Part?
Authors: Krajewski Bob
Published: July 2016

This article is a reflection of dilemma, hopes, and fears of a 65-year-old professional as he thinks about what will happen to his 29-year-old son R afflicted with autism—as he reaches the point of no longer being able to care for him, or dies. Replete with current literature research facts, it describes autism and the associated stigmas faced by both son and Special Needs Father (SNF). It depicts the son's medical history and the father's feelings and hurt in daily life and how the SNF copes with those feelings and hurt. The article is significant since there is little research about SNFs, and almost none on aging SNFs.
The Culture of Life
Authors: Koppelman Kent
Published: July 2016

A culture of life must include an acceptance of death. Over the centuries philosophers and poets have written that living with an awareness of our mortality and an acceptance of the transitory nature of all life can inspire people not to waste the gift of life, but to cherish it and to demonstrate a reverence for life by respecting all living things.
Future Trends in Dying, Death and Bereavement: A Call to Action
Authors: Corless Inge B.
Published: July 2016

Change is a constant in human life. In this document, members of the International Work Group on Death, Dying, and Bereavement examine a number of different trends for their implications for those involved in dying, death, and bereavement; ultimately, whether professionally or personally, that encompasses all of us. Trends examined include: demographic changes, changes in the relationship of the individual to the community, changes in the geopolitical and social environment, and changes in health care. These trends have cultural implications as well as an anticipated impact on patient and family care, end-of-life care, bereavement, death education, and preparation for mass death. Recommendations are made regarding patient and family care, death education, and for future research, as well as for the implementation of these recommendations. The document is presented as a call to further discussion and action so that needed changes are recognized and implemented in order to improve the lives of persons affected by dying, death, and bereavement.
Helping a Friend with Aids: A Test of Weiner's Attributional Theory in Kuwait
Authors: Badahdah Abdallah M. , Alkhder Othman H.
Published: July 2016

Two studies conducted in Kuwait examined two models from the attribution-affect-action theory. The theory suggests that an individual's decision to help someone with AIDS is determined by his or her affective reactions of pity and anger, which are determined by an attribution of responsibility (model 1). Help giving, according to the theory, is not determined by causal attribution without the influence of emotion, especially when the person in need is a friend (model 2). In the first study, the two models were tested in a sample of 309 men from Kuwait University who read two vignettes about a friend with AIDS. The same two models were examined in the second study, but with a sample of 308 Kuwaiti women college students who also read two vignettes about a friend with AIDS. The implications of the findings for people living with AIDS are discussed.
Initial Development and Cross-Validation of the Adolescent Grief Response Inventory
Authors: Petscher Yaacov
Published: July 2016

The current research project sought to develop and validate an instrument to assess the multidimensional aspects of grief in response to the death of a loved one as it pertains to adolescents. A resulting 34-item scale with five factors emerged from an initial validation, with a subsequent cross-validation confirming the reliability and validity estimates. Preliminary results suggest the instrument may be useful in clinical settings and to practitioners in grief support and related areas. Implications for practice and assessment as well as limitations are presented.
Selfish Altruism?
Authors: Stevenson Robert G. , Maher Carr
Published: July 2016

In this article the authors answer the question, “Is there a down side to altruism?” There are some people who feel upset if, after they have performed some unselfish act, their contribution is not recognized. This problem is called “selfish altruism.” It is examined in the context of support given to soldiers stationed overseas and to domestic charities. The authors make some specific recommendations for counselors who have clients dealing with this issue.
When a Workplace Has Lost its Way (Mission)
Authors: Novak Jim
Published: July 2016

Economists and government officials express increasing alarm about a host of issues including, but not limited to, converging trends of budget deficits, an aging population, increasing longevity, boomer retirements, growing rates of obesity and chronic disease, dramatically increasing medical and long-term care costs, pension defaults and Social Security insolvency, retiree health insurance take-backs, inadequate personal savings, and excessive consumer debt. Employer-based health insurance appears to be destined for collapse, sometimes taking its sponsors into bankruptcy. Many, if not most, Americans are now projected to outlive their assets, health, and independence, without financial or human resources to care for them. Meanwhile, healthcare institutions, often founded with a mission of community health, can appear opportunistic bordering on predatory, oblivious to these threats. Additionally, the government appears entirely unable to tackle tough or complicated issues such as these. In this article, I examine systemic failures of individuals and institutions to take responsibility. I then highlight some who are developing promising solutions to the projected healthcare crisis.
PTSD—When the Troops Come Home from Iraq: An Early Look at an Unfolding Story Reported Experientially
Authors: Ettner Dann J.
Published: July 2016

Exploring the experiences soldiers as they return from active duty, this article is written from the perspective of a Chaplain who was in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom. Currently he is deployed working with the reserve troops from the 63rd Regional Readiness Command who are going into and coming out of “the box” in Afghanistan and Iraq. It is written from his chaplain's experience and draws from his training in Post Traumatic Stress, in Critical Incident Stress management, and his experience in ministering soldiers who are experiencing the early stages of Post Traumatic Stress. The goal in working with these soldiers is to get them the help they need so they can return to their families and society after experiencing some of the horrors of war. Reading this article, and understanding what our brave men and women are going through as they return from a war zone, is one more thing we Americans can do to support our troops and help to alleviate the effects of PTSD. The next time you see a veteran, not only thank them, but reach out to them and tell them that you really do appreciate all of their sacrifices for our country.
Breast Cancer as an Embodied Life Event: A Synthesis of Research and Theory and Directions for Intervention and Future Work
Authors: Ogle Jennifer Paff , Ullstrup Kristen
Published: July 2016

With the present work, we reviewed literature exploring breast cancer and body image and invoked this synthesis as a platform from which to develop (a) theoretical applications for understanding the embodied experience of breast cancer, (b) implications for counseling interventions, and (c) recommendations for continued research. Of particular relevance to our analyses was theory related to the social construction of the female body and also theories related to meaning-making, illness, and loss. Based upon our synthesis, we suggest a counseling approach in which professionals treating breast cancer patients listen for and attend to breast cancer patients' attributions of meaning and consider the varied influences that may contribute to those meanings. Additionally, we propose that researchers invoke qualitative approaches and social constructionist/meaning-making perspectives to build understanding about the ways in which a woman's social roles, embodied history, world views, and other contextual factors shape her embodied experience of breast cancer.
Telephone Support Groups for Isolated Bereaved Parents: A Review of the Literature and an Example from Australian Paediatric Oncology
Authors: Nair Kerry , Goodenough Belinda , Cohn Richard
Published: July 2016

Supporting the grieving and isolated demands create cost-effective solutions. Telephone support groups have attracted considerable interest, especially a suggestion that such groups may offer therapeutic benefits not available in traditional face-to-face groups. This article reviews available literature on the advantages and disadvantages of telephone networks for isolated clientele. It describes client feedback on a telephone-based initiative piloted with geographically dislocated parents who had lost a child to cancer.
Sudden and Unexpected Health Situation: From Suffering to Resilience
Authors: Lefebvre Hélène , Levert Marie Josée
Published: July 2016

Grieving is a phenomenon usually experienced upon the death of a loved one. However, other situations involving loss may prove just as difficult and involve a grieving process: loss of identity, loss of use of a limb or a sense such as sight or hearing, inability to achieve certain ambitions, loss of autonomy, moving house, job loss, separation or divorce, child leaving home, retirement, illness, death of a pet. This article aims at describing the grieving process and the specific stakes of a sudden and unexpected health situation, as the traumatic brain injury. The model proposed by the authors is presented and illustrated by a clinical example. Implications for health professionals' practice are described, in terms of partnership, which is a useful strategy that can make this difficult period a positive experience for families and health professionals alike.
1st Place Winner of the Robert Fulton Student Paper Competition of the Annual International Death, Grief, and Bereavement Conference: Social Psychological Perspectives on Altruism in Care Giving: The Schiavo Case and beyond
Authors: Hilliker Laurel
Published: July 2016

This article will address altruism in the care giving of an ill person and also consider some of the factors—responsibility, empathy and motivation—that influence helping behavior. A literature review indicates ongoing disagreements among scholars in relation to altruism and its motives. Inquiries are made into empathetic reactions using spoken and unspoken cues, and a transformation of altruism into compassionate action is examined. Assumption of responsibility will be analyzed with special reference to the role of the provider of care for an ill person. Models, theories, and approaches relating to altruism are examined as well as the various causes that contribute to the behavior of the care taker, including cooperation. The impact of altruism on families and in relationships is discussed on a cultural level with respect to norms. Lastly, the research is applied to the Florida Terri Schindler/ Schiavo case and its subjects, relating altruism and care giving to an assumed Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) patient.
Stressful Life Events: Coping and Adjustment to Separation or Loss of Spouse
Authors: Michael Keren , Ben-Zur Hasida
Published: July 2016

A sample of 130 participants (mean age = 49.36, 44.9% males), 52.3% divorced and 47.7% widowed, completed inventories assessing current well-being and adjustment, as well as life satisfaction before and after separation or loss, and coping strategies used during separation or loss. Widowed individuals scored higher on life satisfaction before than after the loss, while divorced individuals showed the opposite pattern in relation to separation. Widowed individuals used less problem-focused and less emotion-focused coping than divorced individuals. High current wellbeing was related positively to dating or living with a new partner, and to the use of problem-focused coping during separation or loss. In conclusion, the results suggest that problem-focused coping and dating after separation or loss are two important factors in the wellbeing of divorced and widowed persons.
Loss and its Truths: Spirituality, Loss, and Mental Health
Authors: Nicholls Vicky
Published: July 2016

This article considers the role of grief and loss, and the potential role of spirituality, in the lives of people experiencing mental health difficulties in the United Kingdom. The findings of two service user-led research projects are drawn on to argue that spirituality can be a powerful meaning-maker for those whose inner lives have become fragmented. Different aspects of loss in both creating and sustaining mental distress are discussed and the need for mental health services to recognize the place of loss in seeking to support recovery journeys strongly asserted.
Buddhist Psychology and Trauma Work
Authors: Brazier David
Published: July 2016

This article suggests the contribution that Buddhist psychology can make to the development of new thinking and methodologies in the field of trauma work. It begins with an historical and conceptual review of the vicissitudes of spirituality and secularism as influences in the psychological management and treatment of sudden or radical change whether traumatic or constructive, noting that a more positive attitude toward spirituality now prevails than has been the case in earlier phases of modernity. It then goes on to look at the specific contribution that Buddhist psychology, particularly that associated with the Amidist school, can make, outlining its metaphysical structure and distinctive non-self-perspective and the consequences this has in terms of situation analysis and therapeutic approach. An outline is given of the Buddhist perspective upon repetition compulsion and this leads to a review of examples of a variety of therapeutic methods that have been developed. Finally, reference is made to the classification of Buddhist methods into sudden and gradual, and the relation between the former mode and the re-construal of trauma as opportunity.
Flickering Candles of Hope: Spirituality, Mental Health, and the Search for Meaning
Authors: Moss Bernard , Gilbert Peter
Published: July 2016

People experiencing mental distress often feel let down by faith communities, and find the world of conflicting world views puzzling and unhelpful as they struggle to find meaning, purpose, and acceptance in their own painful journey. This epilogue arises from a recent conference held at Staffordshire University (UK) where representatives from the nine faiths recognized by the Department of Health (UK), together with humanist and service user/survivor perspectives, explored their understanding and approach to mental illness and distress. The wider context of this conference is explored before outlining some of the themes to emerge from the dialogue.
Magic, Secrets, and Grim Reality: Death Work and Boundary Management in the Role of the Funeral Director
Authors: Bartlett Ruth , Riches Gordon
Published: July 2016

This article examines the performances that funeral directors undertake in protecting the public from the disorder of death and in creating the “magic” of a funeral. Goffman's (1959) concepts of back-stage/front-stage performances are used to illustrate the tension that arises as funeral workers switch between these two elements of their professional role. Based on fieldwork study in a number of funeral establishments, we present examples of the stress that they may experience in their management of the boundary between life and death.
Older People, Crisis, and Loss
Authors: Thompson Susan , Thompson Neil
Published: July 2016

Older people are no less prone to experiences of crisis and loss than any other age cohort. Indeed, it could be argued that this group is even more prone to such experiences, although both the therapeutic literature on crisis intervention and the thanatological literature on loss and grief pay relatively little heed to the needs and circumstances of older people. This article therefore seeks to go some way toward redressing the balance by exploring the significance of crisis and loss as part of the lived experience (le vecu) of older people. The arguments presented are set in the context of the need to recognize and challenge the significant role of ageism.
Construction of Korean Popular Illnesses: A Qualitative Analysis of Han, Hwabyung, and Shingyungshayak among Korean Immigrants
Authors: Pang Keum Young Chung
Published: July 2016

Han, hwabyung, and shingyungshayak are the idioms that seem to represent explanatory models and semantic networks of depression among Korean elderly immigrants in Washington. Labeling with these illnesses is an efficient way of communicating with significant others who share the same holistic biosociocultural perspective. Labeling with Korean popular illnesses serves as an evaluating and diagnosing process of one's life based on life review. This type of reminiscence functions as a life-healing process among Korean elders who believe they can endure and overcome adversity by studying and applying principles of human nature, the natural world, and the universe. To attain harmony within the self and with others, they practice noonchi (thinking and feeling out what others feel and think), chenyom (right thinking), chemyun (face-saving), and confiding in others. They also find nature walks, music, and a sensible diet to be helpful—these conform to the Korean cultural orientation toward nature, religion, and spiritual matters.
Communicating with Bereaved Children: A Drama Therapy Approach
Authors: Curtis Anne M.
Published: July 2016

Theater has a long tradtion as a forum for generating and facing strong emotions. This article examines some holistic child-centered drama therapy strategies including improvisation, mime, puppetry, and role-playing in metaphorical situations. Dramatizing metaphorical stories is effective because it distances the child from personal painful experience while generating similar emotions or ideas. Activities are described that help bereaved children see death as a natural part of the life cycle, recognize and handle the phases of grieving, and learn to let go of the “wish” and live in the “precious present.” Actual quotes from the children are presented that indicate that drama therapy enables them to understand the grieving process and integrate the losses into their lives. Drama therapy is an effective yet underutilized intervention for addressing the needs of grieving children.
The Cancer Survival Toolbox: A Breakthrough in Self-Advocacy
Authors: Clark Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2016

“The Cancer Survival Toolbox™ … Building Skills that Work for You” is the first program to help newly diagnosed cancer survivors learn the skills they need to navigate the cancer care process. Developed by a unique collaboration of the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS), the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), the Association of Oncology Social Work (AOSW), and Genentech BioOncology, the Cancer Survival Toolbox helps cancer survivors build the basic skills they need to advocate for themselves when it comes to treatment, insurance, and empllyment issues. The Cancer Survival Toolbox was developed by experts and survivors alike who share strategies to help survivors use information about their disease in their best interest.
Numerical investigation of a particle system compared with first and second gradient continua: Deformation and fracture phenomena*
Authors: Battista Antonio , Rosa Luigi , dell’Erba Ramiro , Greco Leopoldo
Published: July 2016

A discrete system constituted of particles interacting by means of a centroid-based law is numerically investigated. The elements of the system move in the plane, and the range of the interaction can be varied from a more local form (first-neighbours interaction) up to a generalized nth order interaction. The aim of the model is to reproduce the behaviour of deformable bodies with standard (Cauchy model) or generalized (second gradient) deformation energy density. The numerical results suggest that the considered discrete system can effectively reproduce the behaviour of first and second gradient continua. Moreover, a fracture algorithm is introduced and some comparison between first- and second-neighbour simulations are provided.
Assessing heat treatment of chicken breast cuts by impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Schmidt Franciny C , Fuentes Ana , Masot Rafael , Alcañiz Miguel , Laurindo João B , Barat José M
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work was to develop a new system based on impedance spectroscopy to assess the heat treatment of previously cooked chicken meat by two experiments; in the first, samples were cooked at different temperatures (from 60 to 90 ℃) until core temperature of the meat reached the water bath temperature. In the second approach, temperature was 80 ℃ and the samples were cooked for different times (from 5 to 55 min). Impedance was measured once samples had cooled. The examined processing parameters were the maximum temperature reached in thermal centre of the samples, weight loss, moisture and the integral of the temperature profile during the cooking–cooling process. The correlation between the processing parameters and impedance was studied by partial least square regressions. The models were able to predict the studied parameters. Our results are essential for developing a new system to control the technological, sensory and safety aspects of cooked meat products on the whole meat processing line.
Modes of Knowing
Authors: Toraldo Maria Laura , Islam Gazi , Mangia Gianluigi
Published: July 2016

The current article argues that video-based methodologies offer unique potential for multimodal research applications. Multimodal research, further, can respond to the problem of “elusive knowledges,” that is, tacit, aesthetic, and embodied aspects of organizational life that are difficult to articulate in traditional methodological paradigms. We argue that the multimodal qualities of video, including but not limited to its visual properties, provide a scaffold for translating embodied, tacit, and aesthetic knowledge into discursive and textual forms, enabling the representation of organizational knowledge through academic discourse. First, we outline the problem of representation by comparing different forms of elusive knowledge, framing this problem as one of cross-modal translation. Second, we describe how video’s unique affordances place it in an ideal position to address this problem. Third, we demonstrate how video-based solutions can contribute to research, providing examples both from the literature and our own applied case work as models for video-based approaches. Finally, we discuss the implications and limitations of the proposed video approaches as a methodological support.
Achieving Fairness in Policing
Authors: Van Craen Maarten , Skogan Wesley G.
Published: July 2016

Decades of research on public support for the police has documented the prominent role of procedural justice in shaping popular views of police legitimacy and the predisposition of citizens to comply and cooperate with them. However, much less attention has been given to the issue of how to get police officers to actually act in accord with its principles when they interact with the public. Reminders of the importance and the difficulty of fostering police legitimacy are not hard to come by, as witnessed in events in the United States during 2014 to 2015. This article addresses the hard, multifaceted issue of fostering procedural justice in the ranks. It theorizes and assesses the relationship between fair supervision and fair policing. The results of our study indicate that perceived internal procedural justice is directly related to support for external procedural justice (modeling thesis), and also indirectly, via trust in citizens.
The “Gray Zone” of Police Work During Mental Health Encounters
Authors: Wood Jennifer D. , Watson Amy C. , Fulambarker Anjali J.
Published: July 2016

Although improving police responses to mental health crises has received significant policy attention, most encounters between police and persons with mental illnesses do not involve major crimes or violence nor do they rise to the level of emergency apprehension. Here, we report on field observations of police officers handling mental health-related encounters in Chicago. Findings confirm these encounters often occur in the “gray zone,” where the problems at hand do not call for formal or legalistic interventions. In examining how police resolved such situations, we observed three core features of police work: (a) accepting temporary solutions to chronic vulnerability, (b) using local knowledge to guide decision making, and (c) negotiating peace with complainants and call subjects. Findings imply the need to advance field-based studies using systematic social observations of gray zone decision making within and across distinct geographic and place-based contexts. Policy implications for supporting police interventions are also discussed.
A Case of Scurvy—Uncommon Disease—Presenting as Panniculitis, Purpura, and Oligoarthritis
Authors: Mintsoulis Danielle , Milman Nataliya , Fahim Simone
Published: July 2016

Importance:

Scurvy remains prevalent in certain populations, including addicts, people of low socioeconomic status, and the severely malnourished. It classically presents as follicular hyperkeratosis and perifollicular hemorrhage of the lower extremities, as well as bleeding in other areas such as the gingiva and joints. This case presentation and literature review highlights the common pathophysiological findings associated with scurvy and current methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

The patient described in this case presented with sudden oligoarthritis and purpura of the lower extremities. Following progression of the patient’s symptoms and a low vitamin C serum concentration, the patient was treated with vitamin C supplementation and dramatically improved. This was considered to be the result of an underlying vitamin C deficiency secondary to insufficient fruit and vegetable intake due to allergies.

Conclusions and Relevance:

This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for scurvy in atypical presentations of purpura not better explained by another disease or in additional populations at high risk of vitamin C deficiency. Early diagnosis by either a primary care physician or dermatologist can expedite the treatment process and improve patient prognosis.
Telemedicine provision of medical abortion in Alaska: Through the provider’s lens
Authors: Grindlay Kate , Grossman Daniel
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Since 2011, Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands has been providing medical abortion via telemedicine at several clinics in Alaska. The purpose of this study was to evaluate providers’ experiences with telemedicine provision of medical abortion in Alaska using qualitative methods. In particular, we aimed to learn more about the impacts of telemedicine on patients, staff, and clinic operations and potential lessons for other service delivery settings.

Methods

Between October and November 2013, eight in-depth interviews were conducted with clinic providers and staff who were involved with the provision of medical abortion using telemedicine at Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and the Hawaiian Islands clinics in Alaska. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed qualitatively with inductive coding using grounded theory methods.

Results

Providers reported that telemedicine provision of medical abortion facilitated a more patient-centred approach to care where women were able to be seen sooner, have greater choice in abortion procedure type, and could be seen closer to their home. Providers felt that it was easy to integrate the new technology into clinic operations, and that a telemedicine visit largely required the same overall processes and clinic flow as an in-person visit, with minor additions related to technological set-up for the doctor interface.

Discussion

These findings are consistent with previously published literature on medical abortion provided via telemedicine, and indicate high acceptability among providers and the appropriateness for telemedicine application to this healthcare service.
Situated willingness to communicate in an L2: Interplay of individual characteristics and context
Authors: Yashima Tomoko , MacIntyre Peter D. , Ikeda Maiko
Published: July 2016

Recently, situated willingness to communicate (WTC) has received increasing research attention in addition to traditional quantitative studies of trait-like WTC. This article is an addition to the former but unique in two ways. First, it investigates both trait and state WTC in a classroom context and explores ways to combine the two to reach a fuller understanding of why second language (L2) learners choose (or avoid) communication at given moments. Second, it investigates the communication behavior of individuals and of the group they constitute as nested systems, with the group as context for individual performance. An interventional study was conducted in a class for English as a foreign language (EFL) with 21 students in a Japanese university. During discussion sessions in English over a semester in which Initiation–Response–Feedback (IRF) patterns were avoided to encourage students to initiate communication, qualitative data based on observations, student self-reflections, and interviews and scale-based data on trait anxiety and WTC were collected. The analyses, which focused on three selected participants, revealed how differences in the frequency of self-initiated turns emerged through the interplay of enduring characteristics, including personality and proficiency, and contextual influences such as other students’ reactions and group-level talk–silence patterns.
Partitioned conditional generalized linear models for categorical responses
Authors: Peyhardi Jean , Trottier Catherine , Guédon Yann
Published: July 2016

Abstract:

In categorical data analysis, several regression models have been proposed for hierarchically structured responses, such as the nested logit model, the two-step model or the partitioned conditional model for partially ordered set. The specifications of these models are heterogeneous and they have been formally defined for only two or three levels in the hierarchy. Here, we introduce the class of partitioned conditional generalized linear models (PCGLMs) that encompasses all these models and is defined for any number of levels in the hierarchy. The hierarchical structure of these models is fully specified by a partition tree of categories. Using the genericity of the recently introduced [Formula: see text] specification of generalized linear models (GLMs) for categorical responses, it is possible to use different link functions and explanatory variables for each partitioning step. PCGLMs thus constitute a very flexible framework for modelling hierarchically structured categorical responses including partially ordered responses.
Clinicians’ experiences of anxiety in patients with dementia
Authors: Goyal Alka R , Engedal Knut , Eriksen Siren
Published: July 2016

Since anxiety in patients with dementia is a complex, understudied phenomenon, this paper presents clinicians’ experiences of anxiety in this population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven clinicians experienced with dementia in elderly patients (65 years and above), and then evaluated via qualitative content analysis. Analysis revealed three main categories: A reaction to loss and worries, symptoms of anxiety and depression interfere with each other, and anxiety in dementia—a multidisciplinary task. Anxiety in this population is perhaps best understood as a reaction to loss and worries, and existential in nature by the participants. Care interventions can reduce or prevent anxiety symptoms in this population. However, when anxiety co-exists with depression it might be difficult to attenuate these symptoms through care measures alone. To better identify and treat the condition, valid dementia-specific anxiety-screening instruments are necessary.
Dance critique as signature pedagogy
Authors: Kearns Lauren
Published: July 2016

The curriculum of preprofessional university degree programs in dance typically comprise four components: theory and history, dance technique, creative process, and performance. This article focuses on critique in the modern dance technique and choreography components of the dance curriculum. Bachelor of Fine Arts programs utilize critique as a signature pedagogy because “pedagogies must measure up to the standards not just of the academy, but also of the particular professions” (Lee Shulman, 2005 ). Critique is an essential pedagogy in the training of dance artists and is a vital component of the dance field, as it facilitates an intellectual and kinesthetic deepening of the student’s engagement with the dance profession.
Whither critique in the world language department?
Authors: Galina Benjamin J
Published: July 2016

Language departments have long confronted a disciplinary divide between the study of literature and language. This divide in tenure lines and course content has engendered a similarly deep-seated divide in pedagogical practices. In world language departments, critique often seems confined, for reasons both epistemological and historic, to literature courses. Conversely, in language courses, instructors commonly utilize corrective feedback to train students to think like disciplinary experts. Is it possible then to define a signature pedagogy of the world language department? This article seeks to answer this question by locating a common disciplinary belief in the centrality of language to human experience. Examining the history of critique in teaching and learning in world language departments, the author traces this belief in order to propose a resolution to the departmental divide in the form of a “bilingual critique” that combines elements from both sides.
Deep habits: Workshop as critique in creative writing
Authors: Stukenberg Jill
Published: July 2016

The creative writing workshop, involving peer critique of manuscripts in progress, is deeply connected to many writerly habits of mind. As such, this article examines workshop as a signature pedagogy in creative writing. Through workshop, students develop awareness of their readers, understanding of how texts are created by readers and through process, and abilities to problem-solve in drafts and hone their personal tastes while encountering contemporary aesthetic values. At the same time, examination of the writerly habits of mind transmitted through workshop also reveals other key skills and ways of thinking that can be shortchanged when workshop is too much the sole methodology; one deleterious habit of mind, that of being overly self-critical, may even result.
“With grace under pressure”: How critique as signature pedagogy fosters effective music performance
Authors: Hastings David M
Published: July 2016

Inspired by seminal writings on Critique as Signature Pedagogy in the Arts and performance as Signature Pedagogy in Music, this article unifies these two concepts into a study of how critique as signature pedagogy in music-performance promotes student learning. This essay seeks to first define the notion of different mindsets as musicians perform and as they practice for performances, and then explores the role of critique in guiding students toward these music-performance ways of thinking and habits of mind. The essay defines four different ways of applying critique (teacher-coach critique, self critique, audience critique, and peer critique) as a key teaching practice or signature pedagogy in the music-performance discipline. Finally, the essay ends with a description of a learning experience that effectively illustrates this pedagogy in a studio class setting.
A conversation about critique as a signature pedagogy in the Arts and Humanities
Authors: Motley Phillip , Chick Nancy L , Hipchen Emily
Published: July 2016

This piece both previews and reviews the essays in this special section of Arts and Humanities in Higher Education. The three co-editors discuss the history of the project and what they learned at its conclusion.
Seeing like PISA: A cautionary tale about the performativity of international assessments
Authors: Gorur Radhika
Published: July 2016

PISA is an extremely influential large-scale assessment, and its ‘policy lessons’ are being incorporated in a range of nations all over the world. In this paper I argue that not only is PISA influencing policies and practices, but also that ‘seeing like PISA’ is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Globally, education administration is now characterized by an intense focus on output measurement, a highly competitive environment heightened by national and international rankings, and an economic and instrumentalist approach to education and education reform. Using James Scott’s account of 18th Century German forestry practices as a parable, this paper suggests that ‘seeing like PISA’ could have far reaching and damaging effects. The paper proposes the following: first, understanding PISA as a ‘project of legibility’ enhances our appreciation of its purposes and possibilities. Second, PISA is much more than a ‘representation’ of existing conditions, but is creating new conditions – in other words, it is not descriptive but performative; and, finally, ‘seeing like PISA’ is bringing about deep-rooted changes, and it is likely that the effects will be very long-term. Some of these effects may only manifest themselves in the next fifteen or twenty years; and, by then, the possibilities of redressing some of the ill effects may be very limited.
Moral education versus indoctrination
Authors: Copp David
Published: July 2016

Moral education is open to worries about indoctrination given the controversies there are about a wide range of ethical matters. I argue, however, that moral education is no more liable to being ‘indoctrinal’ than education in history or science. I begin by proposing an account of what indoctrination involves. I then note that moral education takes different forms and that the different forms raise different concerns about the potential for indoctrination. First is ‘moral socialization,’ which can begin before children have moral concepts. Second is ‘propositional moral education’. Some propositional moral education occurs in the teaching of moral concepts or as an outgrowth of moral socialization. But some addresses highly controversial issues of the kind that raise the greatest concern about indoctrination. I argue that even in such cases, moral education need not involve indoctrination. In concluding, I discuss the objection that my defense of moral education relies on debatable meta-ethical assumptions.
Understanding Academic Persistence through the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Roland Nathalie , Frenay Mariane , Boudrenghien Gentiane
Published: July 2016

High drop-out rates among first-year university students have led many researchers to attempt to gain a better understanding of academic persistence. However, despite this extensive literature, only a few studies have taken normative factors into account. These normative factors may be an essential factor of influence for persistence as it is already the case for other behaviors. We therefore decided to study whether including injunctive and descriptive norms in the investigation might improve the understanding of persistence. To this end, we focused on the theory of planned behaviour which considers for background, motivational, and normative factors. Seven hundred and twenty-seven first-year college students were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire. A structural equation modeling technique revealed that the model including injunctive norms fits better with the data than the model without norms. However, this was not the case with descriptive norms. These results are examined in the Discussion section. Finally, directions for future research and practical implications are suggested.
Economic impact of Tegaderm chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) dressing in critically ill patients
Authors: Thokala Praveen , Arrowsmith Martin , Poku Edith , Martyn-St James Marissa , Anderson Jeff , Foster Steve , Elliott Tom , Whitehouse Tony
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

To estimate the economic impact of a TegadermTM chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) gel dressing compared with a standard intravenous (i.v.) dressing (defined as non-antimicrobial transparent film dressing), used for insertion site care of short-term central venous and arterial catheters (intravascular catheters) in adult critical care patients using a cost-consequence model populated with data from published sources.

Material and Methods:

A decision analytical cost-consequence model was developed which assigned each patient with an indwelling intravascular catheter and a standard dressing, a baseline risk of associated dermatitis, local infection at the catheter insertion site and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), estimated from published secondary sources. The risks of these events for patients with a Tegaderm CHG were estimated by applying the effectiveness parameters from the clinical review to the baseline risks. Costs were accrued through costs of intervention (i.e. Tegaderm CHG or standard intravenous dressing) and hospital treatment costs depended on whether the patients had local dermatitis, local infection or CRBSI. Total costs were estimated as mean values of 10,000 probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) runs.

Results:

Tegaderm CHG resulted in an average cost-saving of £77 per patient in an intensive care unit. Tegaderm CHG also has a 98.5% probability of being cost-saving compared to standard i.v. dressings.

Conclusions:

The analyses suggest that Tegaderm CHG is a cost-saving strategy to reduce CRBSI and the results were robust to sensitivity analyses.
MED Programme and transnational cooperation contributions to marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean area: What next?
Authors: Gomez Prieto Javier , Caldes Natalia
Published: July 2016

The MED Programme is part of the EU Regional Policy and operates in the framework of the European Territorial Cooperation objective. In 2014, the MED Programme approved 14 thematic projects specifically targeted on maritime context with two of them addressing marine renewable energy and renewable energy in coastal areas: Bluene and Enercoast. These projects aim at contributing to the deployment of marine renewable energy technologies in the Mediterranean by gathering data, developing mapping activities, identifying policy gaps and addressing other obstacles hindering transnational cooperation potential. The objective of this article is to analyse the delivered results and outputs of these projects against the identified challenges and roadmap defined by the European Commission. Results were evaluated under a transferability and continuation approach applied to the period 2014–2020. This article also identifies and suggests ways in which transnational cooperation would enhance obtained results towards a higher implementation of marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean.
Numerical prediction of the natural frequency of an Oscillating Water Column operating under resonant conditions
Authors: Torresi Marco , Scarpetta Filippo , Martina Giuseppina , Filianoti Pasquale F , Camporeale Sergio M
Published: July 2016

Among the different technologies developed in order to harness wave energy, the Oscillating Water Column devices are the most accredited for an actual diffusion. Recently, Boccotti has patented the REWEC1 (REsonant sea Wave Energy Converter solution 1), a submerged breakwater that performs an active coast protection, embedding an Oscillating Water Column device, which is capable of operating under resonant conditions with that sea state, which gives the highest yearly energy contribution. The REWEC1 dynamic behavior can be approximated by means of a mass-spring-damper system. According to this approximation, a criterion for evaluating the oscillating natural frequency of the REWEC1 has been derived. This criterion has been validated against both experimental results and computational fluid dynamics simulations, performed on a REWEC1 laboratory-scale model. The numerical simulations have shown a good agreement between measurements and predictions.