bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering methods for the prevention of protein aggregation and improvement of product quality in a transient expression system
Authors: Estes Bram , Hsu Yueh‐Rong , Tam Lei‐Ting , Sheng Jackie , Stevens Jennitte , Haldankar Raj
Published: November 2014

Mammalian expression systems are used routinely for the production of recombinant proteins as therapeutic molecules as well as research tools. Transient expression has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its rapid timeline and improvements in expression level. While improvements to transient expression systems have focused mainly on the level of protein expression, the aspect of protein quality has received little attention. The removal of undesirable products, such as aggregation, depends primarily on purification, requiring additional cumbersome steps, which can lead to a lower product yield and longer timelines. In this study, we show that reducing the level of transcription by transfecting at a lower gene dose improves the quality of secreted molecules prone to aggregation. For gene dosing to have this effect, it is critical for the carrier DNA to be an empty vector containing the same elements as the gene containing plasmid. This approach can be used in combination with a temperature shift to hypothermic conditions during production to enhance the effect. The observed improvements not only minimized aggregation levels, but also generated products with overall superior quality, including more homogeneous signal peptide cleavage and N‐linked glycosylation profiles. These techniques have produced a similar improvement in product quality with a variety of other molecules, suggesting that this may be a general approach to enhance product quality from transient expression systems. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:258–267, 2015
Tetrathiatriarylmethyl Radicals Conjugated to an RGD‐Peptidomimetic
Authors: Driesschaert Benoît , Levêque Philippe , Gallez Bernard , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: November 2014

Tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are favourite spin labels for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). In this work, we report a straightforward synthesis of new TAM radicals bound to an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐peptidomimetic known to be a cell‐targeting agent. These new radicals are stable in solution, and sensitive to oxygen, and their experimental EPR data is consistent with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Synthesis and Characterization of cis‐A2B‐Type meso‐Triaryl‐Substituted Corroles
Authors: Ooi Shota , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: November 2014

A practical synthesis of cis‐A2B‐type 5,10,15‐triarylcorroles has been developed that involves [2+2]‐type acid‐catalyzed condensation of 5‐aryldipyrromethane and 5‐(pentafluorophenyl)dipyrromethane‐1‐carbinol and subsequent 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) induced oxidative cyclization. All the corroles thus synthesized were structurally well‐characterized, and their optical and electrochemical properties were also studied.
Zolmitriptan inhibits neurogenic inflammation and pain during electrical stimulation in human skin
Authors: Döring K. , Best C. , Birklein F. , Krämer H.H.
Published: November 2014

Background

Triptans are agonists to 5‐HT 1B/D/F receptors, which are present on nociceptive neurons not only within but also beyond the trigeminal system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zolmitriptan interacts with peptidergic nociceptive afferents in human skin.

Methods

Twenty participants (13 women, median age: 25; interquartile range: 23–26 years) entered the randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study. Electrically induced neurogenic flare and pain was assessed after either placebo or zolmitriptan on the ventral thigh. Mechanical pain thresholds were investigated at baseline and after electrical stimulation at the stimulation site.

Results

The size of the neurogenic flare (F = 10.9; p = 0.002) as well as electrically induced pain were significantly reduced by zolmitriptan (F = 4.46; p = 0.041). Moreover, electrically induced pinprick hyperalgesia was significantly decreased by zolmitriptan compared with placebo (F = 6.243; p = 0.017).

Conclusions

Triptans may have effects outside of the trigeminal system and reduce electrically evoked neurogenic inflammation and pain in human skin.
Information Collection, Access, and Dissemination to Support Evidence‐Based Shale Gas Policies
Authors: Gamper‐Rabindran Shanti
Published: November 2014

To ensure that unconventional shale gas development (UGD) yields net social benefits, we need to identify the magnitude and distribution of its benefits and costs and develop effective technological, management, and regulatory strategies to minimize potential adverse effects. A major obstacle to achieve these goals is the gaps in the collection, access, and dissemination of information. This paper focuses on information gaps to assess a narrow subset of the potential links between UGD and well‐water contamination, drawing particularly from the experience in Pennsylvania. It suggests strategies for legislators, regulators, industry, and researchers to address these information gaps, while protecting legitimate privacy concerns. The benefits from an improved understanding of the impact of this industry and resulting innovations to mitigate its impacts justifies the cost of data collection, access, and dissemination.
Neurogenesis in the septal and temporal part of the adult rat dentate gyrus
Authors: Bekiari Chryssa , Giannakopoulou Aggeliki , Siskos Nikistratos , Grivas Ioannis , Tsingotjidou Anastasia , Michaloudi Helen , Papadopoulos Georgios C.
Published: November 2014

Structural and functional dissociation between the septal and the temporal part of the dentate gyrus predispose for possible differentiations in the ongoing neurogenesis process of the adult hippocampus. In this study, BrdU‐dated subpopulations of the rat septal and temporal dentate gyrus (coexpressing GFAP, DCX, NeuN, calretinin, calbindin, S100, caspase‐3 or fractin) were quantified comparatively at 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after BrdU administration in order to examine the successive time‐frames of the neurogenesis process, the glial or neuronal commitment of newborn cells and the occurring apoptotic cell death. Newborn neurons' migration from the neurogenic subgranular zone to the inner granular cell layer and expression of glutamate NMDA and AMPA receptors were also studied. BrdU immunocytochemistry revealed comparatively higher numbers of BrdU+ cells in the septal part, but stereological analysis of newborn and total granule cells showed an identical ratio in the two parts, indicating an equivalent neurogenic ability, and a common topographical pattern along each part's longitudinal and transverse axis. Similarly, both parts exhibited extremely low levels of newborn glial and apoptotic cells. However, despite the initially equal division rate and pattern of the septal and temporal proliferating cells, their later proliferative profile diverged in the two parts. Dynamic differences in the differentiation, migration and maturation process of the two BrdU‐incorporating subpopulations of newborn neurons were also detected, along with differences in their survival pattern. Therefore, we propose that various factors, including developmental date birth, local DG microenvironment and distinct functionality of the two parts may be the critical regulators of the ongoing neurogenesis process, leading the septal part to a continuous, rapid, and less‐disciplined genesis rate, whereas the quiescent temporal microenvironment preserves a quite steady, less‐demanding neurogenesis process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Working with Wal: from innovative technician to valued archaeological researcher
Authors: Green R. C.
Published: November 2014

From the perspective of ‘working with Wal’ on problems of obsidian sourcing and dating, I provide a personal assessment of Ambrose's contributions to Australasian archaeometry and Pacific archaeology over the past 35 years.
New Britain obsidian sources
Authors: Bird Roger , Torrence Robin , Summerhayes Glenn R. , Bailey Grahame
Published: November 2014

The natural occurrence of obsidian in volcanic flows in West New Britain has been thoroughly investigated and new measurements of the composition of field samples have been made with a proton dose of 150 μC, increased by a factor of three compared to analyses reported in early studies. New data on precision and accuracy of PIXE‐PIGME show that measurement error is not a significant factor in interpretations of chemical variability among source and artifact samples. The results provide evidence for 5 readily distinguishable groups of source samples (Gulu, Kutau/Bao, Baki, Hamilton and Mopir) plus two subgroups (GaralaB and GaralaC) which differ from the Baki source for a few elements and have higher standard deviations from most elements. An unusual degree of variability within the Hamilton and Garala source samples must be taken into account during the classification of artifact collections.
Continuity and change in Lapita and post‐Lapita ceramics: a review of evidence from the Admiralty Islands and New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wahome E. Wachira
Published: November 2014

Although a relationship between Lapita and post‐Lapita ceramic traditions has long been suspected, a systematic and detailed examination of similarities and differences between them has not been previously made. An important first step is to determine the nature of change from one to the other by examining pottery from sites which have the full ceramic sequence. My analyses of ceramic assemblages from Manus and New Ireland demonstrate continuity between the two traditions.
Review
Authors: Hall Jay
Published: November 2014

Transitions: Pleistocene to Holocene in Australia and Papua New Guinea Edited for Antiquity by Jim Allen & James F. O'Connell Antiquity Volume 69, Special Number 265, 1995. Pp. vii–ix, 649–862. ISSN 0003598X.
The prehistoric chronology of Raoul Island, the Kermadec Group
Authors: Higham Thomas , Johnson Leigh
Published: November 2014

Raoul, the largest of the Kermadec group of islands, has been investigated twice by archaeologists and radiocarbon dating of the south‐east end of the Low Flat site has resulted in 10th century AD age estimates. We have re‐dated the critical south‐east end of the lower settlement horizon and the overlying upper settlement horizon at Low Flat using shell samples. We conclude that the two horizons represent a short term settlement sequence. In addition, an appraisal of the radiocarbon results remaining after those affected by the use of old wood in prehistory have been discarded has shown that they are statistically indistinguishable. We suggest that prehistoric occupation on the island was brief and confined to the 14th century AD. Because of the presence of Mayor Island obsidian in the cultural deposits at Low Flat, the pooled mean of the acceptable radiocarbon determinations (ca. 550–650 BP) represents a minimum age for the settlement of New Zealand.
Review
Authors: Sullivan Sharon
Published: November 2014

Issues in Management Archaeology. Edited by Laurajane Smith and A. Clarke. Tempus 5, 1996. ISBN 909611 45 9. Pp. 135. Price: $28.00 (incl. postage).
Review
Authors: Wilson Meredith
Published: November 2014

Rock Art of the Dreamtime. By Josephine Flood. Harper Collins, Sydney, 1997. ISBN: 0 207 18908 0. Pp. xii + 372, Price AUD35
Review
Authors: Cosgrove Richard
Published: November 2014

Shag River Mouth: The Archaeology of an Early Southern Maori Village. Edited by Atholl Anderson, Brian Allingham and Ian Smith. Research Papers in Archaeology and Natural History, 27, 1996. Archaeology and Natural History Publications, RSPAS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. ISBN: 0 7315 0342 1 Pp. vii + 294. Price AUD49 incl. postage.
Early Holocene backed artefacts from Australia
Authors: Hiscock Peter , Attenbrow Val
Published: November 2014

Many archaeologists have argued that backed artefacts, or backed ‘blades’, were used in Australia only during the last 4500 years. We show that those arguments are theoretically flawed and present case studies which demonstrate the manufacture of backed artefacts in the early Holocene. Implications of early Holocene backed artefacts are explored.
Willandra Lakes Archaeological Investigations 1968–98
Authors: Johnston Harvey , Clark Peter
Published: November 2014

The broadly generalised and widely cited late Pleistocene prehistory of the Willandra Lakes Region that has emerged over the last 30 years is based on analyses of a limited sample of the region's archaeology. This paper points to the expansive nature of Pleistocene sediments and archaeological exposures that exist in the region and identifies issues and problems faced by researchers who have investigated its archaeological record.

Poorly understood areas of investigation hold considerable potential for expanding our understanding of late Pleistocene occupation, notably the nature of peoples' occupation in the area during the glacial maximum, the antiquity of Aboriginal occupation in south‐eastern Australia, interaction with megafauna, the nature of Pleistocene material culture, exchange of raw materials and associated indicators of trade and extended alliance networks. A review of the research that underpins this prehistory reveals considerable opportunity for further investigation.
Reinterpreting the 1969–1972 Willandra Lakes archaeological surveys
Authors: Allen Harry
Published: November 2014

The surveys of the Willandra Lakes sites between 1969 and 1972 were the first to attempt the study of open sites on an archaeological landscape rather rockshelters. Gaps in the evidence were filled using ethnographic data based on observations of 19th century Bagundji life. The conclusions drawn regarding the continuity of Aboriginal subsistence and the development of intensive wild cereal gathering were robust and have played a part in archaeological debates since. This article seeks to reexamine the data from the 1969–72 surveys, to test the original conclusions drawn from them and, finally, to determine the role the Willandra Lakes sites might continue to play in Pleistocene studies. The information from the Willandra Lakes sites is limited to the Pleistocene. When the original conclusions are discarded, the data support more recent conclusions derived from a wider sample of sites in the Darling River region by Hope and Balme.
East and west: burial practices along the Murray River
Authors: Littleton Judith
Published: November 2014

There are distinct formal differences between the Upper Murray (Riverine Plain) and the Murray Valley to the west of the Plain in the form and placement of Aboriginal burial sites. While some of these differences have been recognised by previous researchers, they have been interpreted as evidence simply of gradual variation in burial along the Murray Valley.

On the basis of new data plus existing records, it is argued that these differences are more extensive than previously thought and include site location and size, as well as body treatment. The changes occur at the junction of the Riverine Plain and the mallee of the western Murray valley so that in the west there is an homogeneous pattern of burial while in the Upper Murray burial is highly variable between sites but consistent within each of these sites. It is suggested that this pattern of burial in the Upper Murray reflects both the distribution of people across the landscape and the size of local burying groups.
Japanese Jomon sherds in artifact collections from Mele Plain on Efate in Vanuatu
Authors: Dickinson William R. , Sinoto Yosihiko H. , Shutler Richard , Shutler Mary Elizabeth , Garanger Jose , Teska Thomas M.
Published: November 2014

Fourteen cord‐marked sherds collected from the surface of yam gardens on Mele Plain near Port Vila on the island of Efate in Vanuatu are unlike any known prehistoric wares from Pacific islands. Based on typological analysis, comparative petrographic study of sand tempers supplemented by microprobe analysis of characteristic microperlite sand grains, and thermolumescence dating of key examples, we believe these sherds were made during the Early Jomon period in Aomori Prefecture near the north tip of Honshu. Although we are unable to specify the time or means of their introduction into Vanuatu, the sherds cannot represent indigenous pottery and are not part of the Oceanian ceramic legacy.
Te Bakoa site. Two old earth ovens from Nikunau Island (Republic of Kiribati)
Authors: Piazza Anne Di
Published: November 2014

Excavations conducted on two earth ovens from the raised reef island of Nikunau provided the oldest known dates for Kiribati. The dated material was pandanus keys indicating presence of this plant on the island at 2000 BP.
Review
Authors: Fredericksen Clayton
Published: November 2014

Prehistory of the Indo‐Malaysian Archipelago By Peter Bellwood. Revised edition. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1997. ISBN 0 8248 1883 0 (hb); 0 8248 1907 1 (pb). Pp. x + 384. Price USD58 (hb); USD32.95 (pb)
A radiocarbon chronology for the Eastern Lapita frontier in Tonga
Authors: Burley David V. , Nelson D. Erle , Shutler Richard
Published: November 2014

We present a series of 31 AMS radiocarbon dates on charcoal samples from six sites with eastern Lapita and Polynesian plain ware occupations in the Ha'apai Islands of Tonga. These dates indicate an initial Lapita settlement beginning no earlier than 2850 cal BP, with a rapid transition to a Polynesian plain ware phase by 2650 cal BP at the latest. Comparison of the Ha'apai chronology to radiocarbon dates from elsewhere in Tonga and in Western Polynesia suggests it may have wider application, with only plain ware dates from American Samoa standing as the exception. The Ha'apai results have implications for the resolution of a rapid versus staged model for Lapita colonisation of Oceania. Rather than a Polynesian “express train”, Lapita settlement appears as a clinal progression involving a period of no less than 450 years.
Review
Authors: Gargett Robert H.
Published: November 2014

Archaeology of Aboriginal Australia: A Reader Edited by Tim Murray. Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, NSW. 1998. ISBN 1 86448 066 1. Pages xii + 364. Price $39.95.
Andrée Rosenfeld and the Archaeology of Rock‐Art1
Authors: Taçon Paul S. C.
Published: November 2014

How old is it? What does it mean? These are the common questions of rock‐art research but the answers are nearly always elusive. It is very tempting to impose age or meaning, to be deceived by dating technology or to be blinded by the persuasiveness of certain forms of interpretation when studying rock pictures; too often we fail to question the validity of our answers or to distinguish ‘emic’, ‘etic’ and different levels of interpretation. At the same time, rock‐art research will always be a human science, subject to interpretation, analogy and personal perspectives. But this does not mean that we cannot bring a high level of scholarship to the discipline, as Andrée Rosenfeld has shown in her capacity as a researcher and teacher. She has developed ways of treating rock‐art as data, giving us insight into diverse aspects of the past, as well as better answering the questions of age and meaning associated with unique forms of rock‐art imagery.
Symbols by Nature: animal frequencies in the Upper Palaeolithic of western Europe and the nature of symbolic representation
Authors: Davidson Iain
Published: November 2014

It is well understood that rock art involves symbols, and that the meaning of symbols is not straightforward. In this paper, I show that symbolic values in the iconic depictions in the Upper Palaeolithic of Europe vary across regions. I then show that for one site symbolic values within a constant iconic tradition vary across time. In the final section of the paper, I show that it is easy to be seduced from a modern perspective into a belief that symbolic values have stayed the same over long periods of time. This is counter to what we know from the mutable nature of symbols both from the ethnographic documentation and from the archaeological examples in this paper.
Backed to the Pleistocene
Authors: McNiven Ian J.
Published: November 2014

The recent identification of Australian backed artefacts dating to the early Holocene by Hiscock and Attenbrow (1998) opens the way for new explorations into the origin, distribution and use of these implements across Sahul. In particular, it draws attention to the fact that the technology of backed artefact production should not be seen as innovative but as an adaptive response to changing technological demands on stone tools. Using information on bipolar flaking and anvil retouching from Pleistocene Tasmania, I argue that backing has been part of the technological repertoire of Aboriginal Australians for at least 30,000 years. These new data suggest that understanding the appearance of backed artefacts at different time periods and at different places, including the major efflorescence in the last 4500 years, has more to do with local changes in technological organisation (particularly the use of hafting) and the relative application of existing flaking techniques using anvils rather than diffusion of a new technology with possible Asian origins. Results have implications for the integrity of the Core Tool and Scraper Tradition.
Crossing the Pwanmwou: preliminary report on recent excavations adjacent to and south west of Mangaasi, Efate, Vanuatu
Authors: Bedford Stuart , Spriggs Matthew
Published: November 2014

From 1996–1999 a joint Australian National University–Vanuatu National Museum research and training program has been carried out at the site of Mangaasi, originally made famous through the pioneering research of José Garanger. The results of this research have led to a major reassessment of the Central Vanuatu ceramic sequence proposed by Garanger. In 1999 excavation commenced at an area known as Arapus which is located across the Pwanmwou Creek, immediately south west of Mangaasi. This paper focuses on this most recent season of research. It has revealed extensive settlement remains including an earlier phase not previously identified at Mangaasi which dates to around 2900 bp. The pottery from this earlier phase is characterised by plain globular cooking pots now named the Arapus style. It would appear to be the domestic cooking component of a Lapita assemblage. The results of the 1999 excavations have further confirmed the evolutionary nature of the ceramic sequences on Efate i.e. Lapita and Arapus to Erueti to Mangaasi.
Review
Authors: Greer Shelley
Published: November 2014

Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World. Edited by I. Lilley. Oceania Monograph 50, 2000. Oceania Publications, University of Sydney. ISBN 1 86487 281 0. Pp. v+ 180. AUD47.30 (inc. GST), USD43.
Review
Authors: Przywolnik Kathryn
Published: November 2014

30,000 years of Aboriginal Occupation: Kimberley, North West Australia. By Sue O'Connor Terra Australis 14. ANH Publications, Centre for Archaeological Research, Australian National University, Canberra, 1999. ISBN 0 7315 4622 9. Pp.xviii + 155. AUD42
The pattern of Lapita settlement in Fiji
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , Anderson Atholl
Published: November 2014

At continental and oceanic geographic scales radiocarbon chronologies are important for calibrating the expansion of prehistoric populations, and understanding the type of dispersal process. In Fiji where the colonisation phase was relatively brief — within two standard deviations of most C14 dates — there are significant differences between Lapita sites and material culture suites. To investigate this variability three models of intra‐archipelagic dispersal are reviewed against four categories of archaeological data to examine the pattern of settlement in the scattered Fiji Islands. Initial colonisation was probably restricted to west Fiji and may represent an inter‐archipelago hiatus in Lapita expansion eastward. East Fiji was settled later during a second phase of systematic colonisation that centered on Lakeba and took in the small non‐continental islands of the Lau Group.
Lapita on the Periphery. New data on old problems in the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors: Burley David V. , Dickinson William R. , Barton Andrew , Shutler Richard
Published: November 2014

Archaeological research in the Kingdom of Tonga over the past four decades illustrates a widespread distribution of Lapita coloniser sites throughout the archipelago. A 1999 re‐excavation and assessment of the Nukuleka (To 2) and Ha'ateiho (To 5) sites on Fanga 'Uta Lagoon on the southern island of Tongatapu, as well as survey of the Lapita‐age paleoshoreline of the lagoon, provide new insights on old problems relating to first human settlement. The Tongatapu results are compared to Lapita site data recovered from the Ha'apai island group between 1995 and 1997. Inferences subsequently are made on the broader issues of Tongan chronology, settlement progression, material culture technologies, settlement pattern and economy.
Voyaging and basalt exchange in the Phoenix and Line archipelagoes: the viewpoint from three mystery islands
Authors: Piazza Anne Di , Pearthree Erik
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we present evidence of long distance interaction through geochemical sourcing of basalt artifacts for some of the 'mystery islands' in the Phoenix and Line groups. We demonstrate that they were far from isolated, but in contact with Samoa, the Marquesas and perhaps the southern Cooks during the mid 12th to the mid 14th centuries. We also investigate how sailing strategies may have affected patterns of interaction through a review of other cases of inter‐archipelago contact based on WD‐XRF data. We conclude that the weather patterns around Tataga Matau in the western Pacific allow interaction from any direction at some point of the year, while in the eastern Pacific access to the quarry sources (Eiao, Pitcairn) is more restricted due to the less predictable westerlies.
Explaining the prehistory of ceramic technology on Waya Island, Fiji
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E.
Published: November 2014

This preliminary analysis of ceramic technological change on Waya Island, Fiji documents the variation present over three thousand years of innovation, interaction, and change. Hypotheses relating the observed variation in sherd thickness, tempering practices, and vessel type diversity are proposed. These hypotheses may be tested through experimental and other analyses that are briefly described here. Finally, these hypotheses and their tests are structured by the universal evolutionary mechanisms of cultural transmission, adaptation and natural selection, and innovation and thus have implications for not only Wayan prehistory, but all of the Pacific.
Prehistoric Settlement at Anaho Bay, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands: preliminary observations
Authors: Allen Melinda S. , Addison David
Published: November 2014

Anaho Bay on the northwest coast of Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas is a deep well‐protected bay that is distinguished by its sizeable coral reef. A small number of test excavations were carried out at two localities. We identified an extensive buried cultural layer along the northern shore at Teavau'ua (AHO‐1), dated to ca. the mid‐15th century AD. Activities here included production of pearlshell fishhooks and basalt adzes, as well as more generalised domestic functions. We also identified short‐term occupations dating to post‐1650, and possibly earlier, at the more southern locality of Teonepoto (AHO‐2).
Old boundaries and new horizons: the Weipa shell mounds reconsidered
Authors: Morrison Michael
Published: November 2014

This paper develops an alternative interpretation of shell mound phenomena at Albatross Bay, near Weipa on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula. Past researchers have interpreted these distinct mounded middens as functional edifices, constructed to enable small family groups to camp closer to resources during the late wet season. Here I propose that the mounds at Weipa were associated with relatively large groups of people intensively exploiting the shellfish Anadara granosa. This argument is based on a range of factors, including the biological characteristics of Anadara, a species that makes up over 90% of the composition of shell mounds, as well as archaeological and ethnographic evidence.
Review
Authors: Garling Stephanie
Published: November 2014

Fifty Years in the Field. Essays in Honour and Celebration of Richard Shutler Jr's Archaeological Career. Edited by Stuart Bedford, Christophe Sand and David Burley. New Zealand Archaeological Association, Monograph 25, 2002. ISBN 0‐9597915‐8‐2. Pp. 260. NZD 45.
The archaeology of No man's land: Indigenous camps at Corindi Beach, mid‐north coast New South Wales
Authors: Smith Anita , Beck Wendy
Published: November 2014

At Corindi Beach on the mid‐north coast of New South Wales are five twentieth century campsites located on the fringes of the township, beside the town racecourse, an area called by local Aboriginal people ‘No man's land‘. These campsites are important symbols of the self‐sufficient lifestyle followed by the Corindi Beach Indigenous community in the twentieth century and are a physical reminder of cross‐cultural relationships between local people over the last hundred years. In a collaborative research project with Yarrawarra Aboriginal Corporation, these places are being documented through studying oral history, the cultural landscape and the material culture left behind at these places. We have found although there are rich oral stories of Indigenous life at the camps, material evidence at the sites is limited. When read as part of the cultural landscape this evidence presents a specific kind of archaeological signature that may be generalised for fringe‐dweller camps elsewhere. The documentation of this landscape represents a first step towards a better understanding of the hidden history of these places and towards re‐assessing their heritage significance.
Maori and European landscapes at Te Puna, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 1805–1850
Authors: Middleton Angela
Published: November 2014

In early nineteenth century New Zealand the arrival of missionaries and whalers initiated two different kinds of European relationships with indigenous Maori, which impacted on the indigenous landscape. This paper examines the details of Maori and European interaction at Te Puna, in the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. At Te Puna there is evidence for Maori agricultural intensification and fortification, and early European missionary villages, deserted by the mid‐nineteenth century.

My methods combine historical archaeology and an anthropological approach to history to re‐examine the landscape, inhabitants, and events of early nineteenth century cultural interaction through an analysis of the archaeological record and historic accounts and images. Cultural landscapes are examined in regard to key themes: Maori concepts of mana and tapu, evidence for cultivation, and European and Maori perceptions of the colonial era at this place.
Archaeological evidence for mid‐Holocene agriculture in the interior of Papua New Guinea: a critical review
Authors: Denham Tim
Published: November 2014

Claims for the early and independent origins of agriculture in New Guinea partially rest on the archaeological evidence for mid‐Holocene drainage and land use at five sites in the interior. The five sites are Kuk, Kana, Mugumamp and Warrawau in the Wahgi Valley and Ruti Flats in the Lower Jimi Valley, all in Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. The archaeological remains, morphological comparisons and chronological correlations at each site are critically evaluated. Problems with the constitution of the mid‐Holocene remains are raised, with claims for agricultural remains at two sites, Kana and Ruti Flats, considered questionable on the available, published evidence. The archaeological remains at Kuk, Mugumamp and Warrawau consist of palaeosurfaces interpreted to represent prehistoric cultivation using mounds.
In the shadows of Kuk: evidence for prehistoric agriculture at Kana, Wahgi Valley, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Muke John , Mandui Herman
Published: November 2014

Archaeological survey with limited excavation at the Kana site revealed evidence of prehistoric agricultural practices in the form of ditches and other cut features on an abandoned river terrace of the Minj River. Based on the stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating, the features have been cross‐correlated to Phases 2, 3, 4 and 5 at Kuk Swamp, in the Upper Wahgi Valley. Peter Matthews identified exocarp fragments and seeds of a gourd collected from the fill of a ditch to be wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). The gourd exocarp fragments were radiocarbon dated to 2450 ± 200 BP (ANU 9487).
Review
Authors: Marshall Yvonne
Published: November 2014

Lapita: a view from the East. By Simon Best. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 24, Auckland, 2002. ISBN 0‐9597915‐7‐4/ISSN 0111‐5715. Pp. 113. NZD45 + postage.
Review
Authors: Campbell Matthew
Published: November 2014

An archaeology of West Polynesian prehistory. By Anita Smith. Terra Australis 18, 2002. Pandanus Books, Australian National University, Canberra. ISBN 1 74076 019 0. Pp. 229. AUD65.
Review
Authors: Rainbird Paul
Published: November 2014

Pacific Landscapes: archaeological approaches. Edited by Thegn N. Ladefoged and Michael W. Graves. Easter Island Foundation, Los Osos, CA, 2002. ISBN 1‐880636‐20‐4 (paper). Pp. 1–274. USD26.
Review
Authors: White J. Peter
Published: November 2014

Lapita and its transformations in Near Oceania: archaeological excavations in the Mussau Islands, Papua New Guinea, 1985–88. Volume 1: Introductions, excavations, chronology. By P. V. Kirch. Archaeological Research Facility, University of California Berkeley, Contribution No. 59, 2001. ISBN 1‐882744‐11‐X. Pp. xx + 246. USD29.95 + postage.
Radiocarbon dates from the Ulong site in Palau and implications for Western Micronesian prehistory
Authors: Clark Geoffrey
Published: November 2014

Recent excavations on Ulong Island in Palau recovered an early pottery assemblage that has not been recorded previously in the archipelago. Four AMS results on charcoal fragments and carbonised residues adhering to pot sherds ranged from 3150 ± 90 BP to 4330 ± 90 BP, and were consistent with palaeoenvironmental work which suggests that human arrival in western Micronesia might have occurred as early as 4500 BP. Redating of the Ulong samples that gave the earliest results put occupation instead around 3000–2650 BP, and an error during laboratory processing of the oldest AMS samples is suspected. Revision of the Ulong dates invites reconsideration of other archaeological radiocarbon ages from western Micronesia where convincing evidence for occupation deposits older than c. 3300 cal BP has yet to be obtained.
Prehistoric introduction and extinction of animals in Mangareva, Southeast Polynesia
Authors: Green R. C. , Weisler Marshall I.
Published: November 2014

Despite images of paradise, eastern Polynesian islands were devoid of most economically‐useful animals and cultigens when colonised by humans about 1500 years ago; other views on chronology are more conservative. We analyse the faunal material from the 1959 excavations by Green in Mangareva, southeast Polynesia where 13,598 bones (NISP) were identified to nearest taxon. We discuss the significance of the purposely introduced chicken or Pacific Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus), dog (Canis familiaris) and pig (Sus scrofa) not known from the historic records of that island group as well as the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) and human dental and skeletal material. The dog remains now represent the most eastern limit of this species known prehistorically for Oceania. Many of the pig remains were associated with amarae(religious edifice) confirming the importance of this animal in its ceremonies. The majority of fractured human bones and teeth were recovered from midden contexts, thus alluding to the possibility of cannibalism as reported in late prehistoric oral traditions. We suggest that rats, and not human predation, were responsible for the early local extinction of the chicken in the prehistoric sequence for Mangareva.
Cranebrook Terrace Revisited
Authors: Stockton Eugene , Nanson Gerald
Published: November 2014

Revised dates for the Richmond Unit of 40–50kya suggest that artifacts originally received with scepticism may in fact be correctly dated.
Myanmar prehistory: rare rock‐markings revealed
Authors: Taçon Paul S.C. , Aung Daw Yee Yee , Thorne Alan
Published: November 2014

New investigations of prehistoric sites in Myanmar by a joint Australia – Myanmar team have revealed important rock markings, including the first major cupule site from mainland Southeast Asia.
Excavations at a Chinese Fish Curing Site near Port Albert, Victoria
Authors: Bowen Alister
Published: November 2014

From approximately 1850 to 1900, Chinese people played a crucial role in the development of Victoria's fishing industry. This research report uses evidence from the excavation of an 1860s Chinese fish curing site in Victoria's South Gippsland region to discuss the local colonial fishing industry and aspects of the Chinese involvement in it.
Review
Authors: O'Connell James F.
Published: November 2014

Desert Peoples: Archaeological Perspectives Edited by Peter Veth, Mike Smith and Peter Hiscock Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2005. Pp.x+308. ISBN 1‐4051‐0090‐7 (hardcover) UK£60.00 1‐4051‐0091‐5 (paper) UK£19.99.
Review
Authors: Lilley Ian
Published: November 2014

The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic. The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society. 1. Material culture Edited by Ross, M., A. Pawley and M. Osmond. Pacific Linguistics C‐152, 1988. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. ISBN 0 85883 507 X. xxi + 350 pages. AU$64.00 domestic, AU$59.00 overseas.
Review
Authors: Terrell John Edward
Published: November 2014

Change Through Time: 50 Years of New Zealand Archaeology Edited by Louise Furey and Simon Holdaway. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 26, Auckland, 2004. ISSN 0111‐5715; ISBN 0‐9597915‐9‐0. Pp. 374 + CD. $NZ45 + postage.
Review
Authors: Frankel David
Published: November 2014

Archaeology in Practice. A Student Guide to Archaeological Analysis. Edited by Jane Balme and Alistair Paterson. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. 2005. ISBN 0631‐23573‐6 (hardback; GBP 55.00) 0631‐23574‐4 (paperback; GBP 19.99). Pp. xxv + 438.
Decay characteristics of the eastern Lapita design system
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , Murray Tim
Published: November 2014

We examine the Lapita colonization of east Fiji from the frequency of pottery designs. The design frequency analysis suggests that east Fiji was settled by Lapita groups emanating from west Fiji and Tonga, and long‐distance interaction with archipelagos to the west of Fiji was inconsequential during the terminal Lapita phase when east Fiji, Tonga and Samoa were colonized. The results have important implications for understanding Lapita colonization elsewhere, particularly the extent to which migrant communities interacted and expressed identity in the varied physical and social environments encountered during dispersal.
Alternative interpretations of structural evidence at Rakaia River Mouth, New Zealand
Authors: Anderson Atholl
Published: November 2014

Postholes and other features at Rakaia River Mouth, New Zealand, are interpreted by Jacomb (2005) as remains of a large house and associated structures. This is plausible, but on the same evidence storage structures can be inferred. Alternative interpretations emphasize problems in defining Archaic houses. My interpretation of the Rakaia River Mouth evidence suggests, however, a full Archaic domestic unit might be exposed by extending excavations to the west.
Synthesis of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers containing high molar fraction of 3‐hydroxyhexanoate monomer by Cupriavidus eutrophusB10646
Authors: Volova Tatiana G , Syrvacheva Daria A , Zhila Natalia O , Sukovatiy Aleksey G
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers are very promising biomaterials. The main challenge in the production of these polymers is to simultaneously achieve high cell biomass; high P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) content; and high molar fraction of 3HHx in P(3HB‐co‐3HHx). The most common approach to production of these copolymers is the use of recombinant bacterial strains. The purpose of this study was to optimize the process of production of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers containing high molar fractions of 3HHx by using the wild‐type strain Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646.

RESULTS

Kinetic properties of C. eutrophus B10646 were studied during cultivation of the cells on substrates necessary for P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) synthesis: glucose, nitrogen, sodium hexanoate, and sodium acrylate. The physiological ranges of their effects were determined experimentally, and C. eutrophus B10646 was grown in culture media with different dosages of these substrates. P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers with different molar fractions of 3HHx, including high ones (12 to 68%), were synthesized, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were investigated.

CONCLUSION

For the first time, cultivation conditions of Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646 enabled production of high biomass yields (5–6 g L‐1) and high content of the polymer (60–75%) that contained high 3HHx molar fraction. By varying the 3HB/3HHx ratio, one can change physicochemical and mechanical properties of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) copolymers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Geographical provenancing of purple grape juices from different farming systems by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry using supervised statistical techniques
Authors: Granato Daniel , Koot Alex , van Ruth Saskia M
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Organic, biodynamic and conventional purple grape juices (PGJ; n = 79) produced in Brazil and Europe were characterized by volatile organic compounds (m/z 20–160) measured by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), and classification models were built using supervised statistical techniques.

RESULTS

k‐Nearest neighbours and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) models discriminated adequately the Brazilian from European PGJ (overall efficiency of 81% and 87%, respectively). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) classified 100% European and 96% Brazilian PGJ. Similarly, when samples were grouped as either conventional or organic/biodynamic, the PLSDA model classified 81% conventional and 83% organic/biodynamic juices. Intraregional PLSDA models (juices produced in the same region – either Europe or Brazil) were developed and were deemed accurate in discriminating Brazilian organic from conventional PGJ (81% efficiency), as well as European conventional from organic/biodynamic PGJ (94% efficiency).

CONCLUSIONS

PGJ from Brazil and Europe, as well as conventional and organic/biodynamic PGJ, were distinguished with high efficiency, but no statistical model was able to differentiate organic and biodynamic grape juices. These data support the hypothesis that no clear distinction between organic and biodynamic grape juices can be made with respect to volatile organic compounds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of florfenicol with its metabolite based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and evaluation of their degradation behavior in agricultural soils
Authors: Xu Mingfei , Qian Mingrong , Zhang Hu , Ma Junwei , Wang Jianmei , Wu Huizhen
Published: November 2014

A simple and simultaneous method for the determination of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in agricultural soils using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample pretreatment and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine residues in agricultural soils were extracted with alkalized acetonitrile and an aliquot was cleaned up with Si(CH2)3NH (CH2)2NH2 and C18 sorbent, which were powder materials. High‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to simultaneously determine the level of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils. Excellent linearity was achieved for florfenicol and florfenicol amine over a range of concentrations from 0.1–500 μg/L with coefficients more than 0.99. Average recoveries at four different levels (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg) for florfenicol and florfenicol amine ranged from 73.6–94.9% with relative standard deviations of 2.9–12.5%. The limits of detection for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in agricultural soils were 2.0 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 6.0 μg/kg. Based on this method, the degradation behavior of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in three soils (Nanchang, Hangzhou, and Changchun) under sterilized and native conditions was investigated and the transformation rate of florfenicol amine from florfenicol was evaluated.
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnostic testing for β‐thalassaemia using cell‐free fetal DNA and next generation sequencing
Authors: Xiong Li , Barrett Angela N. , Hua Rui , Tan Tuan Zea , Ho Sherry Sze Yee , Chan Jerry K. Y. , Zhong Mei , Choolani Mahesh
Published: November 2014

Objective

To develop an accurate non‐invasive prenatal test using next generation sequencing (NGS) for HbE and the four most common β‐thalassaemia mutations found in South East Asia (namely −28A > G, CD17A > T, CD41/42(−TTCT) and IVS‐II‐654C > T).

Methods

Cell‐free DNA was extracted from maternal plasma from 83 families where both parents were carriers of the HbE mutation or one of four common β‐thalassaemia mutations. Overlapping PCR amplicons covering each mutation were generated, pooled and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq. Fastq files were analysed to detect inheritance of the paternal mutation.

Results

In two cases where the fathers were compound heterozygotes for HbE and −28A > G, the fetus was correctly diagnosed as having inherited one of the paternal mutations. In 35/85 cases, the paternal mutation was not detected, and in 50/85 cases, it was classified as inherited. Overall sensitivity for detection of paternal mutations was 100% (95% CI: 92.4–100%), and specificity was 92.1% (95% CI: 79.2–97.3%).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that detection of paternal mutations using NGS can be readily achieved with high sensitivity and specificity, removing the need for an invasive test in 50% of pregnancies at risk of a thalassaemia in cases where the father and mother carry a different mutation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposites of epoxy resin with graphene nanoplates and exfoliated graphite: Synthesis and electrical properties
Authors: Dabrowska Agnieszka , Bellucci Stefano , Cataldo Antonino , Micciulla Federico , Huczko Andrzej
Published: November 2014

Nanocomposites are nowadays one of the most promising materials. Among different fillers, e.g. carbon nanotubes and silicon carbide nanowires (NWSiC), already used with epoxy resin matrices, graphene exfoliated graphite (EG) and graphene nanoplates have some characteristics that make them unique for electromagnetic shielding materials. However, there is still an unresolved problem of proper dispersion that will ensure the homogeneity of samples. To overcome this drawback, inorganic fibres were proposed. An amount of 0.25 phr (parts per hundred; filler content presented as wt.% of the whole polymeric matrix) NWSiC, added to the EG 1 phr/epoxy resin sample, efficiently prevents filler agglomeration. NWSiC were obtained in combustion synthesis and EG was produced from intercalated graphite using microwaves. Finally, nanocomposites with EG from self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis were also tested. The properties of the samples have been characterized, revealing an observable improvement of pure resin features.

Raw products of combustion synthesis of Si/polytetra‐fluoroethylene (PTFE) stoichiometric mixture, carried out in the larger of the presented reactors.