bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Fluctuations of Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Wetlands of Kogi State, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Ozougwu J. C. , Amana G. U. , Nwachukwu I. , Imakwu C. A. , Uzochukwu C. U. , Nwafia A. E.
Published: September 2021

This study is aimed at determining the physicochemical characteristics of selected wetlands of Kogi State. From each sampled wetlands (Abu’ja and Egwubi), surface water was collected and examined for the following physicochemical parameters: hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and temperature (0C) using Hanna meter. Dissolved oxygen was determined using dissolved oxygen meter. The data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 20.0, Paleontological Statistics version 3.14 and Microsoft Office. Physicochemical parameters studied were not normally distributed from test of normality. They were compared using Man-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric tests for comparisons between two and more than two groups respectively. In Abu’ja wetland, the temperature for all the months were similar except for January and December which were significantly cooler (p < 0.05); pH was similarly constant except for January and August (p < 0.05). Dissolved solids ranged from 95 to 118 ppm with similar values between months except in March. Mean electrical conductivity ranged from 0.15 to 0.22 ms/cm. These values were similar between months in Abu’ja. Significant fluctuation occurred in dissolved oxygen on monthly basis. In Egwubi study station, temperature ranged from 20oC to 31 oC, significant difference occurred between January and May and between September and November (p < 0.05), pH was also similar between months. Dissolved solids ranged from 26 to 90 ppm. Electrical conductivity ranged from 0.2 to 0.14 ms/cm. Significant differences only occurred between April and August (p < 0.05). Dissolved oxygen was similar throughout the study period. Our result indicated that the essential minerals and other physiochemical parameters are widely distributed but some are not within the normal range of portable water for humans. Both study wetlands showed low pollution, organic waste in Abu'ja site may be handled by autochthonous bacteria and through self purification of the water body. Nutrient levels are high in wetland habitats as wetlands have rich biomes and support high level of biodiversity. The water is suitable for irrigation and livestock consumption.  The presence of the plankton is a pointer to the fact that the two wetlands possess adequate water quality for establishment of great biodiversity.
Volatile Flavor Compounds Composition of Steamed Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata)
Authors: Fazriaty Syifa Dwirahmalia , Pratama Rusky I. , Liviawaty Evi , Rostini Iis
Published: September 2021

The identification and composition of volatile flavor compounds was carried out for steamed marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata). This study was carried out in Fishery Processing Laboratory at Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor; Flavor Laboratory, Indonesian Center of Rice Research, Sukamandi, Subang; Inter-University Center Laboratory of Bogor Agricultural Institute. The study were carried out on steamed marble goby (at 100oC, for period of ±30 minutes). The Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) method was used to extract volatile flavor compound and identified by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS). Steamed marble goby has 27 compounds. The major volatile compound in steamed marble goby is naphthalene. Proximate analysis shows that steamed marble goby has 79.70% water content, 1.48% ash, 0.36% lipid, and 16.65% protein.
Analysis of the Development Trends in Indonesia Floating Net Cage Aquaculture
Authors: Litundzira Wanda Nur , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development trend of floating net cage aquaculture in Indonesia. The study took place at the Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia from February to June 2021. The literature survey method was employed to obtain data in this study. The data utilized in this study is secondary data received from the Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia, in the form of statistical data on floating net cage aquaculture from 2004 to 2016. Data was analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis, which included study of developmental indexes. The results showed that the development trend of floating net cage aquaculture in Indonesia as seen from fishery households, cultivators, feed, land area, production, and production value experienced fluctuating changes from 2004 to 2016.
The Exchange Rate Analysis of Fish Cultivators (A Case Study in Bayongbong Garut Indonesia)
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Syifa Riandini Nur , Rosidah . , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze 1) the exchange rate of fish cultivators (NTPI) in Garut Regency, and 2) the factors that affect the NTPI in Garut Regency. A case study method including both primary and secondary data was used in the study. Primary data were generated from the interviews with respondents. Secondary data were obtained from the relevant agencies. This study used 45 respondents as research sample based on the purposive sampling. The data analysis used is NTPI and multiple linear regression. The results obtained in this research are the average NTPI in Bayongbong Subdistrict, which is 116%, explaining that fish cultivators' expenditures on household consumption and production cost are lower than their income. So it can be concluded that fish cultivators in Bayongbong Subdistrict are prosperous cultivators. Factors that can affect NTPI are age, education level, work experience, number of family members, income, and expenditure.
Umbilical Cord Prolapse and Perinatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria: A 5-Year Review
Authors: Oriji P. C. , Allagoa D. O. , Briggs D. C. , Chika M. N. , Ubom A. E. , Unachukwu C. E. , Atemie G.
Published: September 2021

Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency when the foetus is still alive, and it is associated with high foetal morbidity and mortality. If umbilical cord prolapse occurs outside the hospital, mortality rate can be as high as 44% – 70%, and as low as 3% when it occurs in the hospital.

Objective: To determine the incidence of umbilical cord prolapse and the perinatal outcomes associated with it at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria over 5 years.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective survey was carried out between 1st January, 2016 and 31st December, 2020. Data were retrieved, entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.

Results: Forty-one women had umbilical cord prolapse out of 4,571 deliveries, giving a case incidence rate of 8.9 per 1,000 deliveries. About three-quarters (75.6%) of the women were multiparous. A fifth (21.9%) of the foetuses died in-utero, while 27 (65.9%) babies survived. Five (15.6%) babies had severe birth asphyxia, and died (early neonatal death) in the special care baby unit. Decision-to-delivery interval was ≤ 30 minutes in only 12.5% of patients.

Conclusion: Umbilical cord prolapse is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are very key in preventing adverse perinatal outcomes.
Awareness and Contribution of African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables to Household Wellbeing: A Case of Smallholder Farmers in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Soo Edhaline Cherotich , Kibet Lawrence , Mutai Benjamin K.
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the contribution of African Indigenous Leafy Vegetables (AILVs) to the welfare of smallholder farmers in Kisii County. AILVs have recently been attracting research attention not only in terms of their inherent nutrition quality and healing properties but also for their economic potential that is brought about by increased consumer demand of these vegetables. Despite having multiple benefits and positive promise towards contributing to household food dietary quality and income, utilization of African indigenous Leafy Vegetables (AILVs) by farming households is still low as indicated by a constant deficit in supply. Based on the claimed benefits in the face of low volumes in terms of utilization, this study sought to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of AILVs smallholders and factors that influence production of these vegetables in Bomachoge Borabu Sub-County, Kisii County Kenya. A Multistage sampling method was used to obtain a sample of 150 AILV farmers. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the socio-economic characteristics while Tobit model was utilized in analyzing the factors that influence production of AILVs. The Tobit regression results indicated that age, gender, education, value awareness, occupation and household income significantly influenced AILV production. The study concluded that engagement in AILVs utilization brings along unmatched benefits. The study recommends a long term campaign majorly targeting the young and the non-growing communities in creation of value awareness to improve on the utilization of the vegetables. The study also recommends a similar study in regions of the Country that record low levels of utilization.
Non-binary Nonlinear Error-correcting Codes from Finite Upper Half-planes
Authors: Silva Eduardo Brandani da , Carneiro Maycow G. , Batista Frederico Ventura
Published: September 2021

Current work builds new families of non-binary nonlinear error-correcting codes from Finite Upper Half-Plane   and p a prime number. A fundamental domain is defined to a discrete group   acting over Hq. We establish some concepts and results on Hq, such that the geometric properties allow us to get codification and decodification.
Determining the Optimum Conditions for Extracting Carotenoids from Syrian Apricot Fruits
Authors: Kalook Wahbi , Faleh Adib , Sakur Amir Al-Haj , Abdelwahed Wassim
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research is to extract carotenoids from apricot fruits using a food solvent (ethanol) and a non-food solvent (propanol). In addition, it aims to study the effect of different extraction conditions, i.e., the extraction temperature (20-40-60)°C and the extraction times (4-8-12) hours, on the carotenoids yield in order to improve and develop extraction methods. The extracted carotenoids were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the studied carotenoids are α-carotene and β-carotene. It was found that β-carotene constitutes about 80% of the total carotenoids in apricots. The results indicated that the extraction yield using ethanol was low compared to the extraction yield using propanol. Propanol is the most suitable solvent for carotenoids extraction in comparison with ethanol. The temperature also had a significant effect on the extraction yield; at 20°C the extraction yield was very low, and 60°C was the optimum temperature for the extraction of carotene. The extraction yield significantly increased with time in the first hours of extraction, and there was no significant effect from increasing the extraction time for a period of 6-8 hours. Moreover, the pretreatment of fruits by freezing accelerated the extraction process and increased the extraction yield. The optimum conditions for extracting carotenoids were determined in the conditions of food extraction; the optimum conditions for extracting carotenoids are: extraction at 60°C for three hours with pretreatment by freezing as the extraction rate reached up to 6.36 mg/100 g using ethanol as a food solvent.
Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the Control of Costalimaita ferruginea (Fabricius, 1801)
Authors: Lima Roldão Carlos Andrade , Almeida Mauricélia Ferreira , Freitas Adriana de Sousa , Linhares Andressa Layane Ferreira , Neiva Bianca Pinheiro da Costa , Sousa Brunna Tavares da Silva Brito , Silva Jeferson Pereira da , Vidal Kaio Lucena , Silva Felipe Ferreira da , Santos Gabriel Alves , Lima Raylson Marcelo Fernandes de
Published: September 2021

Aims: Evaluate the insecticidal effect of the aqueous extract of neem leaves on the control of

Costalimaita ferruginea in eucalyptus.

Place and Duration of Study: Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences (CCA) of the State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL) between November 2016 and July 2017.

Methodology: Neem aqueous extract solutions were tested at concentrations of 40, 60 and 80%, and the control group treated with mineral water. Leaves of eucalyptus seedlings were immersed in each concentration and individualized in Petri dishes together with the insects. The design was completely randomized with four treatments and ten repetitions, each repetition consisting of a Petri dish with an insect and a eucalyptus leaf. The evaluations were carried out daily, analyzing the mortality of adults, and the leaves were replaced by others submitted to the same treatment and procedure described above.

Results: In the evaluations of 12, 60, 72 and 84 hours there was no significant difference. 36 hours after the implementation of the experiment, the 60% neem concentration resulted in 100% mortality of specimens.

Conclusion: The 60% neem concentration is the most efficient due to its rapid effect on C. ferruginea mortality and economy of raw material for production.
Determinants of Agricultural Production Diversification among Marginal and Small Farmers of Kanyakumari and Perambalur
Authors: Melba Y. , Ashok K. R. , Vidhyavathi A. , Kalaivani S. , Vennila P.
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess the influence of agricultural production diversity of marginal and small farmers

Study Design: Purposive Random Sampling

Place and Duration of Study: Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts in Tamil Nadu were purposefully chosen for the survey, which was conducted through primary data collection from July to August 2020.

Methodology: According to the Tamil Nadu state planning commission report 2017, Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts were chosen at random from the top five and bottom five districts of the food security index to analyze dietary diversity. The crop diversification index was calculated using the entropy index. The Tobit model is used to investigate the impact of diverse agriculture production among marginal and small farming households.

Results: The findings clearly show that, of the two districts, Perambalur has diversified more than Kanyakumari. Farmers in Perambalur district cultivate agricultural crops, whereas farmers in Kanyakumari district selected block cultivate horticultural crops, particularly plantation crops. According to the Tobit results, the number of cattle, farm size, credit available, and distance from the market all had a positive and significant influence on crop diversification. Improving female-headed household decision-making, promoting household investment and infrastructure facilities, and suggesting crop development as crop diversification measures.

Conclusion: The results conclude that farmers in Perambalur district have highly diversified cropping than Kanyakumari district.
Analysis of Versions of the RX Algorithm for Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Dora Chinmayee , Majumdar Jharna
Published: September 2021

Anomaly Detection with Hyper Spectral Image (HSI) refers to finding a significant difference between the background and the anomalous pixels present in the image.  This paper offers a study on the Reed Xiaoli Anomaly (RXA) detection algorithm performance investigated for increasing number of spectral bands from 30, 50, 100 to all the spectral bands present in the HSI. The original RXA algorithm is formulated with Mahalanobis distance. In this study the RXA al is re-implemented with other different distance algorithms like Bhattacharya distance, Kullback-Leibler divergence, and Jeffery divergence and evaluated for any change in the performance. For the first part of investigation, the obtained results showed that the decreased number of spectral bands shows better performance in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) obtained for cumulative probability values and false alarm rate. In the next part of study it is found that, the RXA algorithm with Jeffrey divergence has a comparable performance in ROC to that of the RX algorithm with Mahalanobis distance.
Comparative Assay of the Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Effect of the Cotyledon and Pulp of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit
Authors: Ezeobi Precious Uchenna , Igwilo Innocent Onyeze , Ogbodo Uchechukwu Chibuzo , Ndukwe Josiah
Published: September 2021

Background: Chrysophyllum albidum has been widely consumed for its flesh part as a fruit snack and source of vitamins but also grossly under-utilized because of dearth of knowledge on nutritional and therapeutic potencies of other fruit parts. This study thus aimed to comparatively determine the nutritional, phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant properties of the flesh and cotyledon of C. albidum.

Methods: Proximate and phytochemical contents were determined according to the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000). Mineral concentrations were evaluated using Atom Analyzer according to the protocols of AOAC (2000). Antioxidant properties were assayed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation abilities according to the methods of Barros et al (2007).

Results: Findings indicated a higher percentage contents of ash (3.83 ± 0.38), moisture (13.86 ± 0.84), crude fiber (11.07 ± 2.72) and crude protein (7.44 ± 0.44) in the flesh than the cotyledon of C. albidum, which were insignificantly different (p > 0.05). On the other hand, crude fat (13.80 ± 2.60) and total carbohydrate (64.96 ± 2.77) were found to be more in the cotyledon than the flesh but also not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mineral analysis revealed a higher but insignificantly different (p > 0.05) concentrations of iron (2.31 ± 0.22), copper (1.23 ± 0.09), zinc (2.94 ± 0.12) and potassium (1.48 ± 0.09) in the flesh than the cotyledon whereas cobalt (3.09 ± 0.92), magnesium (21.13 ± 0.58), sodium (16.27 ± 0.62) and selenium (4.24 ± 0.28) were more in the cotyledon than the flesh although insignificantly different (p > 0.05). While the flesh was observed to significantly contain high total phenol values, the cotyledon showed more significant mean values for tannin, oxalate, saponin and β-carotene than the flesh. The in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition findings indicated higher antioxidant activities in the flesh than in the seed.

Conclusion: Conclusively, the flesh and seed fruit parts of C. albidum showed considerable and significant amounts of the parameters under study, which can be further exploited for their nutritional and pharmacological essence.
On the Characteristics and Application of Inverse Power Pranav Distribution
Authors: Nwankwo K. C. , Onyeagu I. S. , Nwankwo C. H. , Osuji G. A. , Onyekwere C. K.
Published: September 2021

In this article, we study the mathematical characteristics of the inverse power Pranav distribution. The proposed distribution has three special cases namely Pranav, inverse Pranav and inverse power Pranav distributions. In addition with the basic properties of the distribution, the maximum likelihood method was employed in computing the parameters of the distribution. The 95% confidence interval was estimated for each of the parameters and finally, the distribution was applied to 128 bladder cancer patients to illustrate its applicability, and compared to Pranav distribution, inverse power Lindley distribution and inverse Ishita distribution. However, the inverse power Pranav distribution proved superiority over the competing models.
Communication and Interaction in Haemophilia-Centred Social Media Communities in Turkey
Authors: Sezgin Serra , Uğur Mehmet Can
Published: September 2021

In rare diseases like haemophilia, access to information and experience as well as social and psychological support from social and scientific environments, especially from one’s peers and family, is important as the treatment itself. The development of social networks with the advance of communication technologies may provide health benefits for establishing and strengthening a support system. Focusing on communication and interaction in haemophilia-centred Facebook communities in Turkey, this study aims to analyse the roles and functions of such online communities in sharing and mitigating the health problems of haemophilic individuals and offering them social and psychological support. Accordingly, out of the 25 Facebook communities with Turkish content, all 10 active and open-access communities were included in the research sample and analysed through discourse analysis. The research discloses that there are discursive and functional differences in online communities established by individuals and institutions. Whereas the pages managed by organizations include more informative content with little interaction, the individual pages play a more affective role in the daily lives of haemophilic individuals, resulting in a strong network of solidarity. Therefore, the discourse on online communities were classified into two main categories, namely information exchange and emotional support. The current research on Turkey reveals the role of online communities in haemophilic individuals’ access to information on haemophilia and its treatment as well as social and psychological support. Moreover, the current research also provides room for discussion on how these online communities can better contribute to solidarity between haemophilic individuals, families, and health professionals.
Inoculum Level and Inoculation Method Influences on the Pathogenic Activities of Meloidogyne incognita in Studied Model Plant Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Kouakou Yadom Y. F. R. , Kra Kouamé Daniel , Diallo Hortense Atta
Published: September 2021

Agricultural activities such as watering crops with nematode-infested water from wells and boreholes, and using infected plant debris as manure or mulch increase root-knot nematode infection. So, this study aims at assessing the influence of the inoculation method and inoculum level of Meloidogyne incognita on the development of root galls on okra plants. Two M. incognita inoculation methods (suspension of individuals and galled root explants) and six inoculum levels (0, 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 second-stage larvae/plant) were studied. The gall index, total numbers and reproductive factor of M. incognita were used to assess the effect of treatments on root gall development. Unlike the reproductive factor, gall index and the total numbers of M. incognita increased with their inoculum level. The pathogenic activities of M. incognita were most significant when crop soils were infested with galled root explants. However, an inverse relationship was found between the inoculum levels of M. incognita and the okra plant’s development. It is reflected by negative correlation coefficients ranging from -0.90 to -0.62. It is therefore important to burn roots infected with root-knot nematodes left in fields so that they do not act as an inoculum for crops.
Review on Connecting the Complex Dots of Environmental Problems in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana
Authors: Zhou Peiguo , Ofori Meshack Appiah , Jamshidi Abdul hakim , Oduro Collins , Sarfo Isaac , Dai Zongbiao
Published: September 2021

For years, Accra has been facing huge environmental challenges. Efficient policy frameworks coupled with prudent urban management are deemed as reasonable balance to environmental benefits. Research reveals urban areas in Ghana are confronted with the rapid loss of natural resources as urbanization increases. This synthesis report examines the ramifications of major issues faced by the Greater Accra region based on existing literature by (i) highlighting contemporary environmental problems in Accra (ii) probing into human-induced and natural factors that alterate environmental harmony in the study area (iii) discussing measures on safeguarding the environment through a sustainable approach in Accra, and (iv) presenting policy implications of environmental problems in Accra. Findings indicated urbanization, poverty and inappropriate urban planning systems influence environmental degradation in the study domain. Anthropogenic activities such as pollution and natural hazards like:  flooding, drought and windstorms events have altered the physical properties of Accra. This paper reveals the assumption and execution of values to safeguard environmental resources in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area.
Case Report on Post Operative Case of Exploratory Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with Septicemia
Authors: Raut Arati , Ankar Ruchira , Gujar Samruddhi , Pohekar Savita , Sakharkar Sheetal
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Extra uterine pregnancy is a first-trimester pregnancy problem that affects 1.3–2.4 percent of all pregnancies. The key signs of the ectopic pregnancy are abdominal discomfort and vaginal bleeding along with Sharp, dull, or cramping pains may be experienced around 50% of the women who are suffering from ectopic pregnancy. The neglected ectopic pregnancy may results in the fallopian tube can burst, internal abdominal bleeding, shock, and serious blood loss and later complication is septicemia. As a health care professional it’s very important to manage certain complication with medical and surgical management.

Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: A 20 years old female with post operative case of Exploratory Laparotomy admitted in A.V.B.R.H. on 14/02/2021.with chief complaints of the after undergone certain investigation she  has diagnosed as Exploratory Laparotomy with septicemia as post-op complication.

The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: A 20 years old female with post-operative Exploratory Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy operated case with septicemia, with chief complaints of acute abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding the doctors manage her initially with I.V. fluids, antibiotics, Zonac suppository and adequate nursing management.

Nursing Perspectives: The nursing interventions initiated for managing present case are fluid replacement therapy, monitoring vital sign per hourly, monitoring the CBC reports and other investigations like USG abdomen, blood glucose levels. Maintained TPR Chart, I/O Charting, abdominal girth charting.

Conclusion: In the Present case the patient of A  20 year old female with post operative exploratory laparotomy  for  ruptured ectopic pregnancy with  septicemia it has been managed with  the therapeutic and surgical   treatment ,right now the patient condition then  patient has discharged on dated 22/2/21.
An Overview on the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Vitiligo: A Review
Authors: Alenizi Dhaifallah Alrokwi , Al-Ruwaili Abdulrahman Munis W. , Alanazi Wael Salamah Thiyab , Alonezy Abdulazez Aweed Mehdy , Albalawi Talal Ahmed A. , Alanazi Rahaf Meshal L. , Madani Sama Abdulfattah M. Al , Abdullah Luluah Maan Ramadan
Published: September 2021

Vitiligo is one of the complex diseases that has existed during the entire history of humanity and so far we have not fully understood it, serval theories have been proposed most of them suggest strong linkage between deficiencies in certain genes and the disease, refereeing that the disease has strong genetic factor that plays a rule in triggering the disease, and the epidemiology studies confirms also that theory due to higher incidence in people who have siblings but this theory does not fully unlocks the full causes of the disease as it seems also to have strong environmental triggers. One of the biggest problem about the disease and the QoL is not the disease lifestyle itself but rather the social and psychological effects of the disease and the social acceptance impact, because it affects the appearance of its patients and thus affects their social acceptance leading to some serious psychological and depressive disorders, and that effects differs from society to another and by different categories, that’s why psychological follow up and treatment is critical part of the overall treatment. In this review, we overview recent updates in epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of vitiligo.
To Assess the Efficacy of Lactational Counseling for Prevention of Breast Engorgement
Authors: Gavhale Pradnya , Moon Shalini
Published: September 2021

Background: Breast engorgement is a swollen, painful breast and overfilling with breast milk. In lactating mothers this condition is common during the puerperal period. Breast engorgement developed inside the breast due to expansion and pressure exerted by the synthesis and storage of breast milk. It is also a main factor in altering the ability of the infant to latch-on. Engorgement changes the shape and curvature of the nipple region by making the breast inflexible, flat, hard, and swollen. The nipples of an engorged breast are flat or inverted. Sometimes it may lead to striae on nipples, mainly a preceding symptom of mastitis.

Objective:

1.To assess the effectiveness of lactational counseling on prevention of breast engorgement

 among postnatal mother.

2.To find out association between lactational counselling of breast engorgement with selected

 demographic variables.

Methodology: A study will be conducted in AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The 40 post-natal mothers will be selected as the study sample according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sample size will calculated by using formula. In this study non probability purposive sampling technique will be used. In this study researcher will provide lactational counselling among postnatal mother after delivery. In lactational counselling researcher provide counselling regarding the importance of breastfeeding, Local breastfeeding situation, how breastfeeding works, breastfeed technique, learning exercises, health care practices, clinical practice after providing lactational counselling after that researcher will assess the breast engorgement for 4 days after the delivery of baby according to breast engorgement assessment scale. Its conclusion will made from the outcome & analysis of the study.
Case Report on Cerebral Palsy- with Ayurvedic Treatment Protocol
Authors: Pani Sudhir Kumar , Khuntia B. B. , Behera Sudarshan
Published: September 2021

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder, which arising in early stages of development of child. There are many etiology factors like antenatal, natal and postnatal factors responsible for causing cerebral palsy but exact cause is still unknown. Spasticity is the main feature of cerebral palsy(). Classification of CP is too broad on the basis of physiological and topographic etc. Symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy can be corelated with Jadhata in Ayurveda. In Jadata, there is tightness of muscles occurs. Improvement can be got in children with ayurvedic treatment. Aim- To improve the quality of life of child suffered from spastic CP. Place and duration of study- Study was done in Parul Ayurved Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. Method- In this case study, Samavardhan ghrita() orally, snehana() with bala taila() and svedan () with dashmmola kwath () was given to child for 31 days. Results- mild improvement in spasticity and achievement of milestones have observed. Patient got discharged from IPD of hospital due to COVID 19 pandemic. Conclusion- Hence, through Ayurveda treatment, improvement in symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy can achieve and quality of life of child can increase spontaneously.
Study of Lipid per Oxidation and Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relation with Disease Activity
Authors: Khopade Dipali , Kadam Anita , Abhang Subodhini , Suryakar Adinath
Published: September 2021

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the known Autoimmune diseases in patients with age group of 25 to 60. A significant aspect of disease development should be Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Few studies have shown an association between oxidative stress and RA disease activity. This study was therefore intended to examine whether there is a link between oxidative stress and disease activity.

Methods and Materials: This case-control study on 120 individuals was conducted. In accordance with the Disease Activity Score (30) were healthy controls with 90 RA patients in mild (30), moderate (30) and severe (30). Malondialdehyde Measured Lipid Per Oxidation (MDA). Antioxidant enzyme activities such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) have been also measured. A correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the strength of the link between oxidative stress and activity of the illness.

Results: the MDA levels in all the RA subgroups were substantially higher than those in the control group, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly lower. Between Malondialdehyde Measured Lipid Per Oxidation (MDA) and Disease Activity score of 28 RA patients (DAS28) there were positive correlations.

Conclusion: Significant increase in RA patients' lipid per oxidization supports the role of oxidative stress in RA aetiology and the usage of MDA for disease control.
Effect of Relationship between Protein Oxidation and Total Thiols in Progression of Leprosy
Authors: Kadam A. D. , Khopade D. M. , Sontakke A. V. , Abhang S. A.
Published: September 2021

Objective: In several countries including India, leprosy is an older disease & until now continuous to be an important health issue. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease, the causative agent for which is mycobacterium leprae. Due to imbalance between natural antioxidants and oxidative stress is significant event occurs that influences the pathogenesis of leprosy. Considering this the study was carried out to find, what type of relationship between MDA, Protein carbonyl and thiols as disease advances.

Methods: 50 diagnosed leprosy patients & 50 healthy controls were included in this study. In leprosy group, 16 were Paucibacillary (PB) and 34 were Multibacillary (MB) type leprosy patients.

Results: Serum Protein carbonyl and serum Malondialdehyde increased in leprosy patients than controlling. Further analysis reveals that the serum malondialdehyde was significantly increased in MB leprosy patients than PB leprosy patients. On the other hand, our proposed system significantly lowers the total thiols in leprosy patients when compared with controls. Serum total thiols were lower in MB leprosy than PB leprosy patients. Among leprosy patients the negative correlation of Malondialdehyde with total thiol and Protein carbonyl with total thiols was observed.

Conclusion: Thus, as protein oxidation and lipid per oxidation in leprosy increases, the total thiols decreases which may lead to modifications of protein and lipids that are responsible for severity of disease hence therapy aimed at reducing generation of free radicals that can result in oxidative stress and as a result a modification of proteins and lipids.
Psychological Wellbeing and Personal Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Lockdown: An Empirical Study
Authors: Bajpai Swati , Vispute Swati
Published: September 2021

This study analyzes the factors affecting psychological wellbeing and personal coping strategies adopted by individuals, “during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic”. Ox CAP-MH and Brief COPE was used to develop an online survey. Using the data collected from 351 respondents of the Indian general population, it was found that psychological well-being was affected by activity levels & social involvement; endogenous & exogenous sense of influence; leisure, bias & self worth; adaptability & mindfulness; and mental stress & sleep. Factors associated with personal coping strategies included positive reframing & active coping; defence mechanisms & self-doubt; use of emotional support & planning for the recovery of the pandemic covid-19 by personal coping; substance use & humour; spirituality; persistence threshold; using social support system. Finally result obtained is “the attitude of females and males varies”, towards the majority of the factors. The implications theoretically and in practice have been discussed.
Impact of Varied Menu Nutrition Labelling Formats on Consumer Food Selections using FAFH
Authors: Kalaivani D. , Jadhav Sarvesh , Hedaoo Radhika
Published: September 2021

The adoption of menu labelling in restaurant menus is a sporadic but constructive pursuit worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of varied menu labelling formats on consumer food acceptance alongside the consumer’s knowledge about nutrition hitherto.162 adults aged 18–40 were distributed among the three menu classification settings: (1) No labelling; (2) kilocalorie labelling; (3) kilocalorie, total fat and free sugars with TLS (Traffic light system) labelling. Participants were offered with their allocated menu online via goggle forms and instructed to select two starters as they would at any restaurant. Followed by this, the participants were exposed to all the three menu labelling conditions simultaneously and were asked to select any one of the three menu category formats which they would prefer to see at restaurants. The variances in the macronutrient content of the starters selected by the participant’s as per the allocated menu classification condition were analysed using one way ANOVA. Legislatively mandated menu labelling schemes at food and beverage establishments needs to be emphasized and enforced politically, to function as prime drivers of public health action in foreseeable future.
A Study on Fish Production of Different Size of Fish Farm Groups in Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Verma Ayushi , Ramchandra .
Published: September 2021

Background: Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state having 1662 lakh population as per 2001 census, against 16.2% of India’s population with enough fisheries resources in the form of community ponds, tanks with dominance of rivers and man-made reservoirs. Five blocks (Koraon, Shankargarh, Karchhana, Handia, and Jasara) from Prayagraj were taken for study during the period of 1st December,2020 - 31st May,2021.

Aim: To examine the fish production of different size of fish farm groups.

Methodology: A study was conducted in the Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 80 fish farmers were selected randomly from five blocks (Koraon, Shankargarh, Karchhana, Handia, and Jasara) and a pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the fish farmers. The fish farmers were classified into three categories on the basis of the size of pond area viz. small farmer: up to 0.125 ha., medium farmer: 0.125 ha to 0.250 ha., and large farmer: above 0.250 ha.

Result: The Study showed that, various independent variables of production like fingerlings, manures, feeds, and labor were being analysed in accordance with their respective sample of fish ponds and it is concluded that all of the independent variables affected the fish production differently. Using Cobb Douglas production function, 73% variation in gross value return from explanatory variables was observed in first size-group. Effect of Improved variety fingerlings was negative and coefficient of elasticity for human labor was positive but both impacted fish production significantly. A variation of 41.6% in gross value return was observed from second size group. Human labor impacted fish production significantly and its coefficient of elasticity was positive. Further, 45.7% of variation in gross value return was in third size group.  Human labor and manure both had a significant effect, and their coefficients of elasticity was positive and negative respectively. Coefficient of multiple determination  was 76.6% indicating variation in gross value return from independent variable from all farm’s situations. Pond area and human labor variables had positive coefficient of elasticity but for improved fingerlings it was negative and all effected fish production significantly.

Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a need to further engage the fish farmers in the fish production practices and provide them with sufficient inputs of production like fingerlings, manures, feeds, and labor so that the farmers can boost the fish production in the study area.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure of Tetra-Nuclear Macrocyclic Zn(II) Complex and Its Application as Catalyst for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Wang Li Hua , Wang Zi Jian , Zhao Mei Li , Tai Xi Shi , Ouyang Jian , Li Yun Fei , Zhang Wei , Jia Wen Lei
Published: September 2021

A new six coordinated tetra-nuclear macrocyclic Zn(II) complex, ZnL4(Phen)2 (1) (HL= 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized by the self-assembly of 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-pyridine-2-carbohydrazone, Zn(CH3COO)2•2H2O, NaOH and 1,10-phenanthroline in water/ethanol (v:v = 1:3) solution. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, infra red (IR), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that Zn1 and Zn1b ions are six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometric configuration by four O atoms of two different L ligands and two N atoms of two different L ligands, Zn1a and Zn1c ions are also six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometric configuration by two N atoms of two different L ligands, two N atoms of Phen ligands and two O atoms of two different L ligands. Complex (1) forms 3D network structure by the - interaction. The selective oxidation reactions of benzyl alcohols catalyzed by complex (1) was investigated. The highest benzyl alcohol conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity were obtained at 100 °C for 4 h under 5 bar of O2. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Machine Learning: An Advanced Platform for Materials Development and State Prediction in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Chade , Zhou Xin , Zhong Lixiang , Yan Chunshuang , Srinivasan Madhavi , Seh Zhi Wei , Liu Chuntai , Pan Hongge , Li Shuzhou , Wen Yonggang , Yan Qingyu
Published: September 2021

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are vital energy‐storage devices in modern society. However, the performance and cost are still not satisfactory in terms of energy density, power density, cycle life, safety, etc. To further improve the performance of batteries, traditional “trial‐and‐error” processes require a vast number of tedious experiments. Computational chemistry and artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly accelerate the research and development of novel battery systems. Herein, a heterogeneous category of AI technology for predicting and discovering battery materials and estimating the state of the battery system is reviewed. Successful examples, the challenges of deploying AI in real‐world scenarios, and an integrated framework are analyzed and outlined. The state‐of‐the‐art research about the applications of ML in the property prediction and battery discovery, including electrolyte and electrode materials, are further summarized. Meanwhile, the prediction of battery states is also provided. Finally, various existing challenges and the framework to tackle the challenges on the further development of machine learning for rechargeable LIBs are proposed.
Metal‐Free, PhI(OAc)2‐Promoted Oxidative C(sp2)−H Difunctionalization: Synthesis of Thioaminated Naphthoquinones
Authors: Pal Satyajit , Chatterjee Rana , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Majee Adinath
Published: September 2021

A three‐component thioamination reaction has been developed in the presence of phenyliodonium(III) diacetate (PIDA) leading to the formation of a thioaminated products. This catalytic approach represents a method for the metal‐free thioamination of 1,4‐naphthoquinone. It was observed that maleimides also work smoothly under this metal‐free reaction condition. This present method implies the oxidative coupling reaction through a one‐step process with the generation of C−N and C−S bonds. Various aromatic and aliphatic thiols and amines provided the corresponding thioaminated compounds in 62–88% yields. A plausible reaction pathway has been predicted according to few control experiments.

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Excess Serum Interleukin‐18 Distinguishes Patients With Pathogenic Mutations in PSTPIP1
Authors: Stone Deborah L. , Ombrello Amanda , Arostegui Juan I. , Schneider Corinne , Dang Vinh , de Jesus Adriana , Girard‐Guyonvarc'h Charlotte , Gabay Cem , Lee Wonyong , Chae Jae Jin , Aksentijevich Ivona , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela T. , Kastner Daniel L. , Canna Scott W.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Dominantly inherited PSTPIP1 mutations cause a spectrum of autoinflammatory manifestations epitomized by PAPA syndrome (pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome.). The connections between PSTPIP1 and PAPA syndrome are poorly understood, although evidence suggests involvement of pyrin inflammasome activation. Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is an inflammasome‐activated cytokine associated with susceptibility to macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). This study was undertaken to investigate an association of IL‐18 with PAPA syndrome.

Methods

Clinical and genetic data and serum samples were obtained from patients referred to institutions due to symptoms indicative of PAPA syndrome. Serum IL‐18, IL‐18 binding protein (IL‐18BP), and CXCL9 levels were assessed by bead‐based assay, and free IL‐18 levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The symptoms of PSTPIP1‐positive patients with PAPA syndrome overlapped with those of mutation‐negative patients with PAPA‐like conditions, but mutation‐positive patients had earlier onset and a greater proportion had a history of arthritis. We found uniform elevation of total serum IL‐18 in treated PAPA syndrome patients at levels nearly as high as those seen in NLRC4‐associated autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis patients, and well above levels found in most familial Mediterranean fever patients. Serum IL‐18 elevation in PAPA syndrome patients persisted despite fluctuations in disease activity. Levels of the soluble IL‐18 antagonist IL‐18BP were modestly elevated, and PAPA syndrome patients had detectable free IL‐18. PAPA syndrome was rarely associated with elevation of CXCL9, an indicator of interferon‐γ activity, but no PAPA syndrome patients had a history of MAS.

Conclusion

PAPA syndrome is a refractory and often disabling monogenic autoinflammatory disease associated with chronic and unopposed elevation of serum IL‐18 levels but not with risk of MAS. These findings affect our understanding of the diseases in which IL‐18 is overproduced and suggest a link between pyrin inflammasome activation, IL‐18, and autoinflammation, without susceptibility to MAS.
Tracking Progress: Reprising the Texas Water Conservation Scorecard
Authors: Kramer Ken , Bock Meghan , Johnston Ian , McClendon Cate , Walker Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Key Takeaways

In 2020, the Texas Living Waters Project reprised its innovative 2016 Texas Water Conservation Scorecard.

The revised scores indicated no significant improvement overall in municipal water conservation efforts, but there were some positive trends.

The updated scorecard found that water loss control remains a major challenge for Texas water utilities, including those in large cities.

The potential for further advancing water conservation in Texas remains strong, and several utilities provide models for success.