bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Caffeine Citrate and Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Preterms
Authors: Mansour Halah Tarek Mohammed , Elsharkawy Hamed Mohamed Mohamed , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey Eldin , Nassar Mohammed Abd-Ellatif
Published: November 2021

Background: As a result of prematurity, Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in preterm neonates and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (AKI) is defined as a rapid, potentially reversible deterioration in renal functions sufficient to result in accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the body.

Aim of the Study: the aim of this study was to determine whether preterm neonates who took caffeine citrate from the first day after birth were less likely to AKI within the first 7 days.

Patients and Methods: This case control study was conducted on 100 preterm neonates at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUS), Pediatric Department, Tanta University with gestational age less than (30 weeks) were grouped into group A and B. Group A 50 preterm neonates who received caffeine citrate from the first day after birth with dose (20 mg/kg) loading dose, and (5 mg/kg/dose) every 24hrs of maintenance dose, given as slow intravenous infusion over twenty to thirty minutes for a week. Group B 50 preterm neonates who did not receive caffeine citrate.

Inclusion Criteria: all preterms <30 weeks admitted within first 24 hours after birth presented by respiratory distress according to Downes score.

Exclusion Criteria: newborns with congenital heart disease except non-significant PDA, neonatal mortality < 48 h of life, clinical signs suggest chromosomal anomalies, newborns with congenital renal anomalies.

Hematological Investigations: serum albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea.

Urinary Investigations: measuring urine output.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two studied groups as regard serum creatinine in day (5,7) (p<0.001), urea in day 7 (p value <0.001), serum albumin in day (5,7) (p value ≤ 0.05), urine output in day (4,5,6,7) (p value ≤0.05), AKI incidence (p value <0.001).

Conclusion: Caffeine Citrate administration in preterm neonates from the first day of life for one week was associated with reduced occurrence and severity of AKI.
Comparison of Normal Ratio Method and Distance Power Method for Estimating Missing Rainfall Data with Three Neighboring Stations
Authors: A. De Asis Celeste
Published: November 2021

This study compared the performances of Normal Ratio Method and Distance Power Method as a tool for estimating missing rainfall data. The data utilized are the rainfall data of the three neighboring station of Catarman, Northern Samar, Philippines. These stations are Catbalogan Station (Samar Province), Legazpi (Bicol Province) and Masbate (Masbate Province).

The observed daily rainfall data for the Catarman (Northern Samar), Catbalogan, Legazpi, and Masbate were obtained from the Philippine Atmospheric Geographical Astronomical Services Administration. The monthly rainfall were computed for the three (3) neighboring stations (Catbalogan, Legazpi, Masbate).

The evaluation used the T-test for correlated samples and the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient for the monthly rainfall data computed of the three neighboring Station of Catarman, Northern Samar with the three neighboring stations. Based from the results, Normal Ratio Method performs better than Distance Power Method as applied to three neighboring stations.
Perception of Dental Aesthetics among Dental Students; a Cross-sectional Study in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Mashari Mulayfi , Alsanie Sulaiman Abdullah , Alotaibi NawafJazaa , Alenezi Ahad K. , Abaradie Waleed , M. Alhussain Badr Soliman , Ansari Shahzeb Hasan
Published: November 2021

Background: Dental aesthectics is now a necessary area in the field of dentistry, and new graduates' perceptions should be investigated. Hence the present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the perception about dental aesthetics among clinical interns, dentistry interns, and pre-clinical interns in dental colleges on Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: The study subjects comprises of all above three (clinical interns, dentistry interns, and pre-clinical interns) groups volunteered from different colleges. Perception about dental aesthetics was measured using a 14 item questionnaire. Chi-square test was performed on SPSS to determine the statistically significant differences (p<0.05) across gender and dentistry level.

Results: Findings revealed 61% of the participants were male while 39% were female. Among them, 26% were pre-clinical interns, 41% were dental interns and 33%were clinical students. All the particiants reported some kind of dissatisfaction with appearance of their teeth and males were more satisfied and confident about their teeth and smile than females.

Conclusion: To conclude, in the present study male participants and clinical students were confident about their smile as compared to female while dental interns thought others have good smile. The study reported the significant gender differences on looking at magazines, having whiter teeth, they way gums look and putting hand over mouth while non-significant differences across dentistry level.
Circulating Leptin, Insulin and Thyroid Profile Levels in Different Age Groups of Women Population of Manipur, India
Authors: Singh Loushambam Samananda , Sharma Laimayum Amarnath , Govindaraj Y. , Devi K. S. H. Gomti , Kanan W. , Ranjit R. K.
Published: November 2021

Background: Age is linked to a number of hormonal disorders. This study was designed to look for changes in leptin, insulin, and thyroid profile concentrations in women of various ages.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Regional Insititute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Female subjects (350 participants) between the ages of 20 and 65 were recruited. Subjects were grouped as pre-menopause (< 40 age), menopause (≥ 40 to < 50 age) and post-menopause (≥ 50 age). Blood samples were separated serum and estimated levels of leptin, insulin and thyroid profile levels. Statistical calculation was done using SPSS software version 26, at P < 0.05 as significant.

Results: Body mass index (BMI) had significant changes in different age groups (P < 0.05), but the levels were not in the higher range of BMI. Serum levels of leptin, insulin, T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were found no significant differences among the different age groups.

Conclusion: Study demonstrates that age has no effect on the levels of leptin, insulin, T4, and TSH in this Manipuri women's group.
Histopathological Evaluation of Ficus Capensis Aqueous Extract on Liver, Kidney, Intestine and its Potentials in Treatment of Anaemia
Authors: Okorie Nnaemeka , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obinna Ede Kenneth , Agada Uchechukwu Nelson , A. Obi Ihuoma , Uzor Simon , Ogbonna Nwachi Idume , Uche Bethel Mmesomachi , Ewa Ibe Onyekachi , Nwovu A.I.
Published: November 2021

Ficus capensi is a nature of Nigerian multi ethnic group and it is been identified and called differently dy ethnic groups for example, igbo call it akporo, hausa -uwaryara,etc. The aim of the this research titlled; Histopathologica evaluation of ficus capensis ethanol extract on liver, kidney, intestine and it potentials in the treatment of anaemia is to evaluate the effect of leaf and stem back extract of ficus capensis in the treatment potential of anaemia and it’s histopathological effect on liver,  kidney, and large intestine of wister rat. The animals were grouped into 5(A, B, C, D & E) and anaemia induced with cirfuroxime in all the groups except group E which is the negative control whereas other groups were treated with vitamins and leaf & stem bark of Ficuscapensis ethanol extract; group C wasn’t treated and it’s regarded as positive control. The blood sample were collected suing cardiac puncture and liver,kidney and large intestine were all harvested following dissection upon 14 days treatment and experimental termination. All the samples collected were analysed using standard methods. There was significant difference in body weight, same was observed in multiple comparism test on packed cell volume and haemoglobin after treatment with Vitamins, leaf and stem bark of Ficus capensis ethanol extract. It was also observed that there was relative distortion of large intestinal lumen, kidney and hepatocytes. Ficusis capensis leaf and bark has shown antianaemic potentials, however; its toxic effect on the selected organs (liver, Kidney and large intestine) called for caution among users.
Predictive Analysis of Real-Time Strategy using Face book’s Prophet Model on Covid-19 Dataset of India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Renuka , Singh S. K.
Published: November 2021

The global epidemic of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has infected millions and killed millions. The prevalence of the virus is of paramount importance in identifying future infections and preparing healthcare facilities to avoid death. Accurately predicting the spread of COVID-19 is a challenging analytical and practical task for the research community. We can learn to use predictive analytics to predict the positive outcomes of these risks. These predictive analytics can look at the risks of past successes and failures.

In this paper, the Facebook prophet model discusses the number of large-scale cases and deaths in India based on daily time-series data from 30 January 2020 to 30 April 2021, for forecasting and visualization. The covid-19 pandemic could end prematurely if social distancing and safety measures are required to stabilize and control is required to achieve treatment in India. This paper suggests that the Prophet Model is more effective in predicting COVID-19 cases. The forecast results will help the government plan strategies to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.
Recuperação Avançada de Petróleo
Authors: Musse Ana Paula S. , Quintella Cristina M.
Published: November 2021

Um dos objetivos desse trabalho é analisar as potencialidades, características e evolução das competências tecnológicas, traduzidas através de dados estatísticos de patentes, no que se refere aos métodos de recuperação avançada de petróleo (“Enhanced Oil Recovery” - EOR). Para tanto, serão apresentados os resultados empíricos obtidos relacionando, sempre que possível, com aspectos econômicos, políticos, e tecnológicos da indústria do petróleo.
Atapulgita
Authors: Silva Ayres Fran da Silva e
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho de busca objetiva analisar o grau de desenvolvimento tecnológico do argilomineral atapulgita para avaliar a viabilidade econômica atual de sua utilização
Aloe vera
Authors: Borges Paula Marques
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho visa analisar o grau de desenvolvimento tecnológico e potenciais utilzações da Aloe vera.
Guanidina
Authors: Acácio Marinice Santiogo dos Santos
Published: November 2021

Conhecer algumas das diversas formas de aplicação da guanidina.
Determinação, Separação e Produção de Substâncias Orgânicas Através de Métodos Ópticos
Authors: Calmon Susana Costa
Published: November 2021

Mostrar o potencial tecnológico a partir da análise do número de patentes depositadas que utilizam métodos ópticos com a finalidade de determinação, separação ou produção de substâncias orgânicas.
MODO DE PRODUÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO NA REPRODUÇÃO CAPITALISTA E NA TRANSIÇÃO AO SOCIALISMO
Authors: Tropia Patricia Vieira
Published: November 2021

Elabora-se neste texto uma interpretação da relação entre modo de produção e educação, a partir das contribuições da visão althusseriana. As contribuições desta abordagem possibilitam a crítica à visão economicista e reducionista acerca do tipo de articulação existente entre a base/estrutura econômica e a superestrutura política e ideológica e suas implicações para a educação. Deste ponto de vista, a escola, a educação escolar, não só pode como é um local de contradição. Entretanto, qualquer transformação interna à escola no sentido de torná-la, de fato, uma escola a serviço das classes trabalhadoras exigiria o rompimento com o compromisso orgânico do aparelho educacional. Dos enfoques em contraponto: economicismo e estruturalismo, decorre a indagação: “embora algumas críticas às armadilhas das leituras não-economicistas sejam pertinentes, a rejeição das análises desenvolvidas pela “sociológica crítica da educação” no campo educacional não pode nos colocar em outras tantas e mais perversas armadilhas, como as do idealismo e do reformismo?”.
MODO DE PRODUÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO: NOTAS PRELIMINARES
Authors: Lombardi José Claudinei
Published: November 2021

Este texto faz a crítica à pós-modernidade, à apologia das perspectivas microscópicas, fragmentárias, irracionalistas, ao empirismo tosco. Afirma a atualidade da concepção marxiana e engelsiana para a explicação de tudo quanto existe e a centralidade da categoria modo de produção da vida material dos homens para a explicação e o entendimento das condições históricas expressas nas diferentes formações sociais. A exposição está organizada em 04 partes: na primeira, trata-se dos fundamentos das discussões filosóficas e científicas; na segunda dos fundamentos da concepção materialista e dialética da história; na terceira, discute-se o modo de produção como categoria central da concepção marxista; na quarta parte trata-se da educação e modo de produção. Para a educação marxista, tal qual se expressa na elaboração marxiana e engelsiana, é necessário ir para além do capital, organizar e criar as condições para um salto de qualidade na luta revolucionária do proletariado contra o capital, algo que não é para o futuro. Isto, já vem se dando desde o século XVIII quando o proletariado reivindica, em contraposição à educação burguesa, uma educação que articule trabalho manual e trabalho intelectual, que articule uma formação integral, uma educação que ultrapasse os limites e a alienação posta na educação burguesa. O estabelecimento dos sistemas educacionais não mais em uma perspectiva unilateralmente burguesa, mas com a absorção das contraposições e das reivindicações do proletariado.
848. UNE THÉORIE CONJONCTURELLE DE LA RÉVOLUTION
Authors: Viparelli Irene
Published: November 2021

Este texto é a conferência, proferida por Irene Viparelli no Congresso Karl Marx ocorrido em Novembro de 2008 na Universidade Nova de Lisboa. A autora analisa a reelaboração teórica de Marx no calor dos acontecimentos históricos ocorridos entre 1848 e 1851, em especial a relação entre crise e revolução. Objetiva-se, com a publicação, afirmar o marxismo como teoria social e de conhecimento viva e atual, porque histórica. Sendo elaboração em pensamento da totalidade contraditória que a humanidade vive nas formações sociais do modo de existência, o marxismo contribui para o debate qualificado da atual crise do capitalismo e se constitue subsídio a práticas sociais que possibilitem a sua superação, o socialismo.
CONJUNTURA HISTÓRICA DE 1848-1851: REELABORAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA E DE TEORIA MARXISTA
Authors: Pereira Maria de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Analisa-se neste texto a conjuntura histórica de 1848 a 1851 caracterizada pelas lutas de classes. Para o estudo recorre-se à periodização elaborada por Marx em O 18 de Brumário de Luis Bonapate. Objetiva-se contibuir com outros textos, deste número, da Revista Germinal Marxismo e Educação em Debate, e para o entendimento que o marxismo é uma teoria social e de conhecimento que se elabora a partir da prática dos homens organizados em formações sociais para produzirem o seu existir. O apagamento ou a permanência do marxismo é uma arma para a manutenção ou superação do atual modo de produção da existência caraterizado pela contradição: divisão social do trabalho e apropriação privada dos frutos do trabalho, ao extremo, pela burguesia.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES EDUCACIONAIS DE FLORESTAN FERNANDES: O DEBATE COM A PEDAGOGIA NOVA E A CENTRALIDADE DA CATEGORIA REVOLUÇÃO.
Authors: Barão Gilcilene de Oliveira Damasceno
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho teve como objeto de análise os escritos educacionais de Florestan Fernandes produzidos nas décadas de 50 e 60. Para isso foi investigado o universo categorial presente em sua produção, que se consolida a partir de 1950, com destaque para as categorias revolução e luta de classes e sua aplicação teórica na abordagem da realidade brasileira. Trabalhou-se com as seguintes fontes de pesquisa: as produções do autor, entrevistas, correspondências e transcrição de aulas por ele ministradas. A opção de pesquisar a temática da revolução foi essencial para o inventário das contribuições educacionais, por permitir o conhecimento de seu arcabouço teórico sobre imperialismo total, a periodização do capitalismo no Brasil, o capitalismo dependente, e a noção de época histórica. Essa metodologia tornou possível redimensionar as análises sobre suas contribuições educacionais, especialmente sua interlocução crítica com a Pedagogia Nova no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, respectivamente com Anísio Teixeira e Kilpatrick. O inventário das contribuições educacionais de Florestan tem as seguintes temáticas: a vida universitária e o fazer docente; os projetos editoriais: contribuições ao desenvolvimento cultural e intelectual do estudante; a interlocução e a crítica à Pedagogia Nova; referências teóricas a uma pedagogia crítica; implicações educacionais das categorias “revolução” e “luta de classes”. As pesquisas sobre marxismo e educação, na realidade brasileira, devem considerar as contribuições teóricas das produções de Florestan Fernandes, pois o seu arcabouço teórico apresenta referências fundamentais para as problemáticas vinculadas à vida e aos dilemas sociais que afetam o homem no capitalismo dependente.
Biodegradable RF Metamaterial Perfect Absorber for Wireless Soil pH Monitoring
Authors: Sato Soma , Sakabe Ken , Onoe Hiroaki , Kan Tetsuo
Published: December 2024

A wireless soil pH sensor is proposed using a sheet‐type perfect absorber metamaterial. The sensor utilizes a high‐impedance surface metamaterial, which functions as a perfect absorber at the resonant frequency. This sensor has a uniform water‐soluble Mg film at the bottom coated with hydroxyapatite that degrades depending on the pH, and a periodic square split ring resonator metamaterial structure made on top of a lossy dielectric plate. The sensor detects the dissolution of the metamaterial due to soil pH conditions through the electromagnetic wave reflection response at GHz frequency. Because of the perfect absorbing characteristics, the influence of soil on the metamaterial's electromagnetic response is blocked, allowing for robust measurement regardless of soil type. By coating the Mg with hydroxyapatite, the difference between acidic (pH = 3.0) and neutral soils can be detected by the time difference by a factor of three in the reflectance change from 40% to 75% reflectance change, indicating a transition from absorptive to reflective of the metamaterial's response, at the resonant frequency of 4.12 GHz.
Fiber‐Tip Microgripper with Sub‐Milliwatt Photoactuation
Authors: Cheng Chiao‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Wei , Li Cheng‐Chang , Jau Hung‐Chang , Wang Cheng‐Yu , Feng Ting‐Mao , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei , Lin Tsung‐Hsien
Published: December 2024

While many micromanipulators offer advanced functionality, they often require relatively high power (10–100 mW) for actuation and are not easily integrated into existing diagnostic systems like endoscopes. This work presents an optically controlled fiber‐tip microgripper, which combines the light‐guiding capability of an optical fiber with the photoactuation of an azobenzene liquid crystal polymer. This microgripper opens and closes its fingers (polymer strips) using visible light at power levels as low as ≈0.3 mW and retains its shape without continuous illumination, providing notable energy efficiency. It is demonstrated to grasp, transport, and release a piece of optical fiber, a relatively heavy micro‐object. The use of a fiber to tether the microgripper and deliver pump light enables micromanipulation in narrow, hard‐to‐reach locations where external illumination may be impractical. Its compact design, low power consumption, and fiber‐optic compatibility position this microgripper—and its potential variants—as a promising tool for robotic, biomedical, and microfluidic applications.
Targeting Deltex E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 2 Inhibits Tumor‐associated Neutrophils and Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Chen Jiafeng , Chen Yiran , Song Shushu , Fang Yuan , Mao Shengwei , Gao Jun , Zhu Guiqi , Qu Weifeng , Zhao Qianfu , Yang Rui , Guan Zhiqi , Chu Tianhao , Bu Yichao , Wang Yi , Chen Fangyu , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Tang Zheng , Liu Weiren , Ruan Yuanyuan , Shi Yinghong
Published: December 2024

Several E3 ligases have been found to affect the immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lead to the resistance of immunotherapy. In this study, genes of E3 ligases are screened based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Through cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF), flow cytometry, and further experiments, Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 2 (DTX2) in HCC cells is identified to promote the infiltration and polarization of tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) with a protumor phenotype, thus attenuating the infiltration and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells partially through C‐X‐C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6). Mechanistically, DTX2 can interact with histone H2B and promote its monoubiquitination at lysine120 (H2BK120ub1), thereby increasing CXCL2 and CXCL6 transcription through histone epigenetic regulation. Different tumor models in vivo demonstrated that DTX2 inhibitor treatment inhibited tumor growth and sensitized HCC cells to the therapeutic effects of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibody. In summary, this study identifies DTX2 as a potential target for HCC immunotherapy.
Nutrient uptakes and use efficiency of cassava under different moisture conditions
Authors: Janket A. , Jogloy S. , Vorasoot N. , Toomsan B. , Kaewpradit W. , Theerakulpisut P. , Holbrook C. C. , Kvien C. K. , Banterng P.
Published: December 2024

Precise fertilization based on crop needs is important for optimal yield and cost‐effectiveness. This study aimed to investigate nutrient uptakes in cassava under different planting dates and irrigation conditions (W). Two‐year field trials were conducted in the early (ERS) and post‐rainy seasons (PRS), with nutrient uptakes measured at five growth stages. Planting dates had a greater impact on nutrient uptakes, accumulation rates, nutrient harvest index (NHI), and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) than W. In the ERS, the nutrients accumulated rapidly at the early to mid‐growth stages, while this occurred at the mid to late growth stages for the PRS. Nutrient uptake was higher in ERS than PRS, with W differenced only in ERS 2015. Irrigation during the mid to late growth stages increased the nutrient uptake, NHI, NUE, and yield for the ERS (2015), with less impact on the PRS. In contrast, the PRS significantly improved yield, accumulation in storage roots, NHI, and NUE. Total nutrients accumulated by the whole plant (kg ha−1) were N (207–383) > K (182–401) > Ca (180–202) > Mg (62–82) > P (42–76) > S (11–25), Fe (2.60–7.64) > Mn (1.60–3.34) > Zn (0.48–0.62) > B (0.15–0.25) > Cu (0.11–0.19) > Mo (0.026–0.055). Nutrients with high NHI were K (0.41–0.64), Zn (0.35–0.58), N (0.28–0.56), Cu (0.16–0.61), B (0.16–0.52), and Mo (0.19–0.62), and lower NHI were P (0.27–0.47), Mg (0.17–0.37), S (0.15–0.48), Fe (0.15–0.34), Ca (0.09–0.19), and Mn (0.04–0.31). These findings will improve nutrient requirement guidelines for seasonal fertilizer recommendations for cassava in Thailand.
The role of neuropsychological assessment in the evaluation of patients with cognitive‐behavioral change due to suspected Alzheimer's disease and other causes of cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Shaughnessy Lynn W. , Weintraub Sandra
Published: December 2024

The Alzheimer's Association convened a Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling and Disclosure Clinical Practice Guideline workgroup to help combat the major global health challenges surrounding the timely detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate disclosure of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other diseases that cause these types of cognitive‐behavioral disorders. The newly published clinical practice guidelines are proposed as a structured approach to evaluation. The purpose of the present article is to provide a clinical perspective on the use of neuropsychology within the new framework and practice guidelines outlined under the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD‐ADRD) recommendations for primary care and specialty care. Neuropsychological evaluation is a critical component in supporting early and accurate diagnosis and staging, characterizing the clinical profile, assessing trajectory over time, and providing recommendations specifically tailored to the individual and their care team.

Highlights

Reviews the neuropsychological evaluation component of the new framework and clinical practice guidelines outlined under the Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guidelines for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD‐ADRD).

Examines the utility of neuropsychological evaluation in the assessment of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD).

Supports a basis for neuropsychology in early and accurate diagnosis and staging, characterizing the clinical profile, assessing trajectory over time, and providing recommendations specifically tailored to the individual and their care team.
Longitudinal synaptic loss versus tau Braak staging in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Vanderlinden Greet , Koole Michel , Michiels Laura , Lemmens Robin , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Van Laere Koen
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

The longitudinal progression of synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and how it is affected by tau pathology remains poorly understood.

METHODS

Thirty patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 26 healthy controls underwent cognitive evaluations and tau, synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), and amyloid positron emission tomography. Twenty‐one aMCI underwent 2‐year follow‐up (FU) investigations.

RESULTS

Tau levels in aMCI increased longitudinally in Braak regions III through VI but not in Braak regions I and II. SV2A decreased longitudinally in all Braak regions in aMCI. Baseline tau was negatively associated with longitudinal SV2A loss in early Braak regions and with SV2A at FU across regions. Baseline tau and longitudinal change in SV2A were associated with longitudinal cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

Tau accumulation reaches a plateau in early Braak regions already in the aMCI stage of AD. In early Braak regions, the association between baseline tau and longitudinal SV2A loss might reflect synaptic dysfunction caused by tau pathology.

Highlights

Tau accumulation reached a plateau in early Braak regions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients.

aMCI patients show widespread longitudinal decrease in synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) over 2 years.

Baseline tau was predictive for longitudinal SV2A loss.

The tau–SV2A relation showed individual variability and was negative across patients.

Baseline tau and longitudinal SV2A change were associated with change in cognition.
Plasma phosphorylated tau and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Gibson Lucy L. , Gonzalez Maria C. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Tovar‐Rios Diego , Blanc Frédéric , Pilotto Andrea , Lemstra Afina , Paquet Claire , Ballard Clive , Zetterberg Henrik , Aarsland Dag ,   the European–Dementia With Lewy Bodies (E‐DLB) Consortium
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) but their neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood.

METHODS

NPSs and cognition were assessed annually in participants (DLB n = 222; Alzheimer's disease [AD] n = 125) from the European DLB (E‐DLB) Consortium, and plasma phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau181) and p‐tau231 concentrations were measured at baseline.

RESULTS

Hallucinations, delusions, and depression were more common in DLB than in AD and, in a subgroup with longitudinal follow‐up, persistent hallucinations and NPSs were associated with lower p‐tau181 and p‐tau231 in DLB. In adjusted linear mixed‐effects models, hallucinations at baseline were associated with greater longitudinal cognitive impairment in DLB, with a significant interaction with p‐tau231.

DISCUSSION

Higher p‐tau181 and p‐tau231 levels were associated with a lower longitudinal risk of NPSs and hallucinations in early‐stage DLB. However, the interaction between hallucinations and p‐tau231 suggests that when AD co‐pathology and hallucinations do co‐exist in DLB that they may synergistically exacerbate cognitive decline.

Highlights

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) were more common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) than in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Lower plasma phosphorylated tau‐231 (p‐tau231) and p‐tau181 levels were associated with persistent hallucinations in DLB.

Lower plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau181 levels were associated with an increased risk of persistent NPSs in early DLB.

Hallucinations at baseline were associated with greater cognitive dysfunction in DLB, and there was an interaction with p‐tau231.
Early midlife ovarian removal is associated with lower posterior hippocampal function
Authors: Brown Alana , Gravelsins Laura , Gervais Nicole J. , Rieck Jenny , Zhao Sophia , Duchesne Annie , Witt Suzanne T. , Kämpe Robin , Olsen Rosanna , Barense Morgan , Classon Elisabet , Theodorsson Elvar , Ernerudh Jan , Åvall‐Lundqvist Elisabeth , Kjølhede Preben , Engström Maria , Shao Zhuo , Bernardini Marcus , Jacobson Michelle , Rajah M. Natasha , Grady Cheryl , Einstein Gillian
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Women with early bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO) have greater Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk than women with spontaneous menopause (SM), but the pathway toward this risk is understudied. Considering associative memory deficits may reflect early signs of AD, we studied how BSO affected brain activity underlying associative memory.

METHODS

Early midlife women with BSO (with and without 17β‐estradiol therapy [ET]) and age‐matched controls (AMCs) with intact ovaries completed a face–name associative memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hippocampal activity along the anteroposterior axis during associative encoding and retrieval was compared among three groups (BSO [n = 28], BSO+ET [n = 35], AMCs [n = 40]).

RESULTS

Both BSO groups (with and without ET) showed lower posterior hippocampal activation during encoding compared to the AMC group. However, this difference in activation was not significantly correlated with associative memory task performance.

DISCUSSION

Early 17β‐estradiol loss may influence posterior hippocampal activity during associative encoding, possibly presaging late‐life AD.

Highlights

After ovarian removal, changes in hippocampal function may affect dementia risk.

Midlife ovarian removal is associated with less activation in the posterior hippocampus.

Estradiol therapy may ameliorate alterations in brain function during learning.
Brain phosphoproteomic analysis identifies diabetes‐related substrates in Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults
Authors: Capuano Ana W. , Sarsani Vishal , Tasaki Shinya , Mehta Rupal I. , Li Jun , Ahima Rexford , Arnold Steven , Bennett David A. , Petyuk Vladislav , Liang Liming , Arvanitakis Zoe
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Insulin signaling dysfunction exacerbates tau protein phosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. However, the comprehensive impact of diabetes on patterns of AD‐related phosphoprotein in the human brain remains underexplored.

METHODS

We performed tandem mass tag–based phosphoproteome profiling in post mortem human brain prefrontal cortex samples from 191 deceased older adults with and without diabetes and pathologic AD.

RESULTS

Among 7874 quantified phosphosites, microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) phosphorylated at T529 and T534 (isoform 8 T212 and T217) were more abundant in AD and showed differential associations with diabetes. Network analysis of co‐abundance patterns uncovered synergistic interactions between AD and diabetes, with one module exhibiting higher MAPT phosphorylation (15 MAPT phosphosites) and another displaying lower MAP1B phosphorylation (22 MAP1B phosphosites).

DISCUSSION

This study offers phosphoproteomics insights into AD in diabetes, shedding light on mechanisms that can inform the development of therapeutics for dementia.

Highlights

The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is increased among older adults living with diabetes.

The patterns of AD‐related phosphoprotein in the human brain in older adults are differential among older adults living with diabetes.

Microtubule‐associated protein tau phosphorylated at T529 and T534 (isoform 8 T212 and T217) showed differential associations with diabetes.

Phosphosite co‐abundance networks of synergistic interactions between AD and diabetes were identified.
Cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories of subjective cognitive decline according to baseline biomarkers: Results of the CoSCo study
Authors: Hong Yun Jeong , Choi Seong Hye , Kim SangYun , Jeong Jee Hyang , Park Kee Hyung , Wang Min Jeong , Kang Sungmin , Yang Dong Won ,   CoSCo study group
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now diagnosed biologically. Since subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate preclinical AD, assessing AD‐biomarkers is crucial. We investigated cognitive and neurodegenerative trajectories in SCD over 24 months based on biomarker positivity, and evaluated the predictive value of plasma biomarkers.

METHODS

The CoSCo prospective cohort included older adults with SCD. Participants were categorized into high‐ and low‐risk groups based on plasma biomarkers (amyloid beta [Aβ] 42/40, phosphorylated tau 181 [p‐tau181], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to compare outcomes.

RESULTS

High‐risk SCDs (n = 23, 23%) revealed greater decline in general cognition, memory recall, frontal function, and hippocampal volumes compared to low‐risk SCDs. Combined scores of plasma and MRIs yielded the best predictions compared with other biomarker categories.

DISCUSSION

SCD participants with high‐risk experience faster cognitive and neurodegenerative declines. A combination of plasma biomarkers and MRIs could be used for screening and prognosis.

Highlights

This is part of a multicenter prospective cohort study in Korea.

We investigated cognitive and atrophic trajectories in SCD over 24 months.

High risk SCDs revealed greater cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy.

Integration of plasma and MRIs yielded better predictions than other categories.

Risk stratification using plasma and MRIs can be used for screening and prognosis.
Introduction to the DETeCD‐ADRD special issue
Authors: Dickerson Bradford C. , Atri Alireza
Published: December 2024

Highlight

This special issue contains multiple articles related to the DETeCD‐ADRD guideline.
Choroid plexus cysts on 7T MRI: Relationship to aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhen Zhiming , Zhang Ruiting , Gui Li , Chen Jiafei , Xu Siyao , Deng Lihua , Yu Yaling , Liu He , Chen Kang , Han Qi , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Cheng Yue , Liu Yaou , Huang Peiyu , Liu Chen , Chen Wei
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

The choroid plexus (CP) may play a crucial role in brain degeneration. We aim to assess whether CP cysts (CPCs), defined using ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relate to aging and neurodegeneration.

METHODS

We used multi‐sequence 7T MRI to observe CPCs, characterizing their presence and characteristics in healthy younger controls, healthy older controls (OCs), patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and patients with uremic encephalopathy. CP volume (CPV) and CPC characteristics were compared across groups, and associations between CPV and CPC features were analyzed across all subjects.

RESULTS

The AD group showed a significantly higher presence and number of CPCs compared to other groups and also had a significantly larger CPV than healthy OCs. The number and size of CPCs were associated with CPV.

DISCUSSION

7T MRI offers a distinct advantage in observing CPCs, and the high prevalence of CPCs in patients with AD warrants further investigation.

Highlights

7T MRI enables visualization of the fine structures of the choroid plexus.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit a higher number of choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) compared to healthy older adults and other patient groups.

CPCs may serve as an auxiliary marker for AD.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of maize under conventional and biodegradable microplastic stress
Authors: Sun Yuanze , Zang Jingxi , Xie Siyuan , Wu Mochen , Tao Jianguo , Adyel Tanveer M. , Du Xinyu , Li Si , Wang Jie
Published: December 2024

The increasing accumulation of microplastics in agricultural soils potentially threatens crop safety and quality. However, studies regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on plant growth remain limited. Herein, we estimated the effects of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate, poly (butylene succinate), polylactic acid, and conventional non‐biodegradable polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics (at a concentration of 1% [w/w]) on the growth and physiological performance of maize (Zea mays L.). In addition, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these microplastics on maize. Exposure to microplastics induced the production of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants at varying levels in the maize. While the maize antioxidant systems were induced against biodegradable microplastic exposure, maize photosynthesis was relatively more important for conventional microplastic treatments. Additionally, metabolomics and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were regulated by biodegradable and conventional microplastics. Specifically, microplastics induced the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Our results further indicated that microplastics could impact the plant through changing the soil environmental variables or altering the soil microbial communities. This study provides a molecular‐scale perspective on the responses of crops to microplastic contamination, and these findings will contribute to the ecological risk assessment of biodegradable and conventional microplastics.
Longitudinal Relations Between Adolescent Self‐Esteem and Mental Health Concerns: The Mediation of Self‐Control and Moderation of Parental Autonomy Support
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Qian , Yu Si , Chong Zh Yeng , Xu Wei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Adolescents' self‐esteem is often associated with their mental health, and believed to be a protective factor against depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship warrant further exploration. Employing a longitudinal design, this study investigates the relations between self‐esteem and mental health in adolescents, considering the mediating influence of self‐control and the moderating effect of parental autonomy support.

Methods

A total of 1260 adolescents from China (45.9% male, 54.1% female, Mage = 15.98, SDage = 0.97) participated in this study, completing self‐reported questionnaires assessing self‐esteem, self‐control, parental autonomy support, and mental health issues (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) across three time points over a 6‐month period (with a 3‐month interval between assessments).

Results

Controlling for baseline levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, adolescents' self‐esteem reported at wave 1 positively correlated with depression (β = −0.17, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = −0.17, p < 0.001), and stress (β = −0.17, p < 0.001) in wave 3. Furthermore, self‐control reported at wave 2 mediated these relations. Besides, perceived parental autonomy support was associated with a stronger link between self‐esteem and self‐control.

Conclusion

The present study indicates the protective roles of self‐esteem and self‐control in relation to adolescents' mental health problems, while emphasizing the potential of a supportive family environment to strengthen these associations. The findings hold implications for the development of prevention and intervention strategies targeting adolescents' mental well‐being.
Promoting sociotechnical perspectives of engineering during a summer bridge program
Authors: Pleasants Jacob , Velasco Richard , Colonnello Claudia , Glenn Shansley , Crapitto Samuel , Raymond Kate , Abbott Brandon
Published: December 2024

Background

To address complex challenges of modern society, engineering education needs to help students develop sociotechnical perspectives of engineering. Research has documented efforts to incorporate sociotechnical thinking into undergraduate engineering education, but those perspectives must often compete with more dominant technocentric views. Research is needed to investigate how and why students do or do not adopt sociotechnical views.

Purpose/Hypothesis(es)

In this study, we investigated the extent to which students' views of engineering changed in the context of an Engineering Summer Bridge (ESB) program, in which engineering is promoted as a socially engaged practice.

Design/Method

We used a multiple case study methodology to investigate patterns across 24 ESB participants. We gathered multiple sources of data to investigate changes in participants' thinking, including pre/post surveys, weekly reflections during ESB, and follow‐up participant interviews. We grouped participants based on the extent to which they added socially engaged perspectives to their perceptions of engineering. We then identified variables associated with those groupings.

Results

Approximately one‐third of participants added socially engaged perspectives to their views of engineering. These students tended to have fewer prior engineering experiences prior to ESB and often self‐identified as having limited prior knowledge of engineering. They were also more likely to hold motivations and interests oriented toward the public good.

Conclusions

Our study identifies variables that potentially support and inhibit students' development of socially engaged views of engineering. It highlights the importance of early learning experiences and suggests that technocentric perspectives can be well established even before students begin their undergraduate programs.
The Role of the Eyelids of the Black‐Winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus in the Immune Protection of the Eye
Authors: Shawki Nahed Ahmed , Attaai Abdelraheim H. , Abdel‐Mageed Amany Mohamed , Abdel‐Regal Mahmoud Fatma
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to describe the morphological features and microstructure of the upper, lower, and third eyelids of the black‐winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, and to characterize the organized lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes in the eyelid mucosa. Additionally, it aimed to illustrate the importance of the eye adnexa in the eye's immune protection. The upper, lower, and third eyelids display varying morphological differences that seem to be closely linked to the birds' way of life, indicating adjustments to their environment and eating behaviors. The black‐winged kite has large, forward‐facing eyes positioned under a bony shelf (lacrimal process) that shades them. Both eyelids have thick, pigmented edges and bear two rows of long, finely modified filoplume feathers, which increase at the anterior canthus. Melanocytes appear in the stratum basale of upper and lower eyelids, and Langerhans cells were observed. Aggregations of lymphatic cells were present under the conjunctival epithelium within the stroma of the lower eyelid (in the orbital zone near the tarsal plate), while they were absent in the upper eyelid and nictitating membrane. The density of goblet cells on the conjunctival surface of the upper eyelid and the nictitating membrane is higher than that of the lower eyelid. The structure of the skin and conjunctiva in both the upper and lower eyelids contains numerous defensive immune cells that maintain ocular safety and hydration. Additionally, the lower eyelid's CALT constitutes most of the CALT tissue in E. caeruleus and is recognized as part of the mucosal immune system.
Extrachromosomal DNA in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Detection and Characterization
Authors: Irdianto Shadira Anindieta , Fadhillah Fadhillah , Lestari Retno , Fadilah Fadilah , Bowolaksono Anom , Dwiranti Astari
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the intriguing world of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in breast cancer, uncovering its pivotal role in cancer's aggressiveness and genetic variability. ecDNA, a form of circular DNA found outside chromosomes, is known to play a significant role in cancer progression by increasing oncogene expression. Focusing on two contrasting cell lines, MDA‐MB‐231 (triple‐negative) and MCF‐7 (Luminal‐A), we utilized advanced microscopy and fluorescence techniques to detect and characterize ecDNA. Our findings reveal a stark difference: MDA‐MB‐231 cells, known for their high metastatic potential, exhibit a striking abundance of ecDNA, manifested as double minutes and single form with intense fluorescence signals. In contrast, the less aggressive MCF‐7 cells harbor significantly fewer ecDNA. This disparity highlights the potential of ecDNA as a key player in cancer progression and a promising target for novel therapies. This research sheds light on the unseen genetic forces driving breast cancer and opens the door to new strategies in cancer treatment. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of ecDNA formation and its role in different breast cancer subtypes.
CD58 expression does not impact response to inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Madero‐Marroquin Rafael , Hunter Ryan W. , Saygin Caner , Johnston Hannah , DuVall Adam S. , Rahmani Youshanlouei Hamed , Osei Clinton , Shah Syed , Stock Wendy , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Patel Anand A.
Published: December 2024

Background

CD58 loss has been described as a mechanism of resistance to blinatumomab and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy, functioning as a modulator of response to T‐cell activation.

Methods

Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the impact of CD58 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on the probability of achieving measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO).

Results

The odds ratio of achieving MRD negativity was 1.03 for every 1000 unit increase in CD58 MFI.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that MRD negativity rates after InO are high, regardless of the intensity of CD58 expression.