bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High dose oral rifampicin to improve survival from adult tuberculous meningitis: A randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded phase III trial (the HARVEST study)
Authors: Marais Suzaan , Cresswell Fiona V , Hamers Raph L. , te Brake Lindsey H.M. , Ganiem Ahmad R. , Imran Darma , Bangdiwala Ananta , Martyn Emily , Kasibante John , Kagimu Enock , Musubire Abdu , Maharani Kartika , Estiasari Riwanti , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Kusumadjayanti Nadytia , Yunivita Vycke , Naidoo Kogieleum , Lessells Richard , Moosa Yunus , Svensson Elin M. , Huppler Hullsiek Katherine , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Boulware David R. , van Crevel Reinout , Ruslami Rovina , Meya David B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), results in death or neurological disability in >50%, despite World Health Organisation recommended therapy. Current TBM regimen dosages are based on data from pulmonary TB alone. Evidence from recent phase II pharmacokinetic studies suggests that high dose rifampicin (R) administered intravenously or orally enhances central nervous system penetration and may reduce TBM associated mortality. We hypothesize that, among persons with TBM, high dose oral rifampicin (35 mg/kg) for 8 weeks will improve survival compared to standard of care (10 mg/kg), without excess adverse events.

Protocol: We will perform a parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind, phase III multicentre clinical trial comparing high dose oral rifampicin to standard of care. The trial will be conducted across five clinical sites in Uganda, South Africa and Indonesia. Participants are HIV-positive or negative adults with clinically suspected TBM, who will be randomised (1:1) to one of two arms: 35 mg/kg oral rifampicin daily for 8 weeks (in combination with standard dose isoniazid [H], pyrazinamide [Z] and ethambutol [E]) or standard of care (oral HRZE, containing 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin). The primary end-point is 6-month survival. Secondary end points are: i) 12-month survival ii) functional and neurocognitive outcomes and iii) safety and tolerability. Tertiary outcomes are: i) pharmacokinetic outcomes and ii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. We will enrol 500 participants over 2.5 years, with follow-up continuing until 12 months post-enrolment.

Discussion: Our best TBM treatment still results in unacceptably high mortality and morbidity. Strong evidence supports the increased cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high dose rifampicin, however conclusive evidence regarding survival benefit is lacking. This study will answer the important question of whether high dose oral rifampicin conveys a survival benefit in TBM in HIV-positive and -negative individuals from Africa and Asia.

Trial registration: ISRCTN15668391 (17/06/2019)
STUDY OF SCHOTTKY DIODES FOR RESISTANCE FOR USE IN ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Authors: Яньков А. , Yankov A. , Зольников Константин , Zolnikov Konstantin , Кулай А. , Kulay A. , Савченко Андрей , Savchenko Andrey , Струков И. , Strukov I. , Евдокимова Светлана , Evdokimova Svetlana , Скворцова Татьяна , Skvortsova Tatyana , Ягодкин А. , Yagodkin A. , Анциферова В. , Antsiferova V. , Квасов Олег , Kvasov Oleg , Панова Н. , Panova N. , Фесикова Оксана , Fesikova Oksana
Published: December 2019

The article presents the method of evaluation and results of research Schottky diodes resistance for use in electronic equipment. Studies were carried out to determine the structural and technological reserves for durability. Also in the article the schemes of inclusion of Schottky diodes for measurement of direct reverse current and direct excitation of the diode applied at researches are considered.
Impact of the Information and Communication Technologies on the Education of Students with Down Syndrome: A Bibliometric Study (2008-2018)
Authors: Fernandez-Batanero Jose Maria , Montenegro-Rueda Marta , Fernandez-Cerero Jose , Garcia-Martinez Inmaculada
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on students with Down syndrome through the consult of scientific articles published during the 2008 to 2018 period, in five scientific journal databases utilized in the academic world. Through a descriptive and quantitative methodology, the most significant bibliometric data according to citation index is shown. Likewise, a methodology based on the analysis of co-words and clustering techniques is applied through a bibliometric maps, in order to determine the fields of scientific study. The results show that articles published have a medium-low index of impact. There are linked with the importance of using ICT with these students, from educational inclusion and accessibility perspective.
Augmented reality in orthopaedics
Authors: Laverdière Carl , Corban Jason , Khoury Jason , Ge Susan Mengxiao , Schupbach Justin , Harvey Edward J. , Reindl Rudy , Martineau Paul A.
Published: December 2019

Aims

Computer-based applications are increasingly being used by orthopaedic surgeons in their clinical practice. With the integration of technology in surgery, augmented reality (AR) may become an important tool for surgeons in the future. By superimposing a digital image on a user’s view of the physical world, this technology shows great promise in orthopaedics. The aim of this review is to investigate the current and potential uses of AR in orthopaedics.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases up to January 2019 using the keywords ‘orthopaedic’ OR ‘orthopedic AND augmented reality’ was performed by two independent reviewers.

Results

A total of 41 publications were included after screening. Applications were divided by subspecialty: spine (n = 15), trauma (n = 16), arthroplasty (n = 3), oncology (n = 3), and sports (n = 4). Out of these, 12 were clinical in nature. AR-based technologies have a wide variety of applications, including direct visualization of radiological images by overlaying them on the patient and intraoperative guidance using preoperative plans projected onto real anatomy, enabling hands-free real-time access to operating room resources, and promoting telemedicine and education.

Conclusion

There is an increasing interest in AR among orthopaedic surgeons. Although studies show similar or better outcomes with AR compared with traditional techniques, many challenges need to be addressed before this technology is ready for widespread use. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1479–1488
Virtual reality training improves trainee performance in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Logishetty Kartik , Rudran Branavan , Cobb Justin P.
Published: December 2019

Aims

Arthroplasty skills need to be acquired safely during training, yet operative experience is increasingly hard to acquire by trainees. Virtual reality (VR) training using headsets and motion-tracked controllers can simulate complex open procedures in a fully immersive operating theatre. The present study aimed to determine if trainees trained using VR perform better than those using conventional preparation for performing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients and Methods

A total of 24 surgical trainees (seven female, 17 male; mean age 29 years (28 to 31)) volunteered to participate in this observer-blinded 1:1 randomized controlled trial. They had no prior experience of anterior approach THA. Of these 24 trainees, 12 completed a six-week VR training programme in a simulation laboratory, while the other 12 received only conventional preparatory materials for learning THA. All trainees then performed a cadaveric THA, assessed independently by two hip surgeons. The primary outcome was technical and non-technical surgical performance measured by a THA-specific procedure-based assessment (PBA). Secondary outcomes were step completion measured by a task-specific checklist, error in acetabular component orientation, and procedure duration.

Results

VR-trained surgeons performed at a higher level than controls, with a median PBA of Level 3a (procedure performed with minimal guidance or intervention) versus Level 2a (guidance required for most/all of the procedure or part performed). VR-trained surgeons completed 33% more key steps than controls (mean 22 (sd 3) vs 12 (sd 3)), were 12° more accurate in component orientation (mean error 4° (sd 6°) vs 16° (sd 17°)), and were 18% faster (mean 42 minutes (sd 7) vs 51 minutes (sd 9)).

Conclusion

Procedural knowledge and psychomotor skills for THA learned in VR were transferred to cadaveric performance. Basic preparatory materials had limited value for trainees learning a new technique. VR training advanced trainees further up the learning curve, enabling highly precise component orientation and more efficient surgery. VR could augment traditional surgical training to improve how surgeons learn complex open procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1585–1592
Effective Educational Approaches to Forging Family-Professional Partnerships
Authors: Peters Megan K. , Felty Wanda P. , Kinney Sharyl K. , Hudson Mary A. , Fisher Mark J. , Wolraich Mark L.
Published: December 2019

Respectful and trusting family-professional partnerships can positively influence the health care of children with intellectual and developmental disability. This article describes a creative interdisciplinary educational approach that includes family members and preservice professionals as partners, and evaluates the perceived impact of this approach on the learners. The majority of survey respondents rated the impact of including family members in a 9-month interdisciplinary training program as co-learners, educators, and mentors as having a very high impact. Including family members in interdisciplinary educational activities, provides preservice learners invaluable opportunity to experience true family-professional partnerships. Recommendations are provided for education of preservice learners through a partnering process that fully includes family, self-advocacy, and professional disciplines, and targets family-centered inclusive services as an outcome.
Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects
Authors: Sial Hassan A. , Baldrich Ramon , Vanrell Maria
Published: December 2019

Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results.
Accessing the Neighbourhood: Built Environment Performance for People with Disability
Authors: Jackson Mary Ann , Everett Glyn
Published: December 2019

In the face of rapid urbanisation, increasing diversity of the human condition, ageing populations, failing infrastructure, and mounting evidence that the built environment affects health and well-being, the existing built environment still fails to meet the needs of people with disability. Nevertheless, in something of a parallel universe, improving built environment ‘sustainability’ performance, via measurement, receives much contemporary attention, and analysing the built environment at micro-scale (buildings), meso-scale (neighbourhood) and macro-scale (city-wide) is undertaken from various multidisciplinary perspectives. But, although built environment performance is already measured in many ways, and community inclusion is considered essential for health and well-being, accessibility performance for people with disability, at neighbourhood scale, is rarely considered. The institutional and medical models of disability help explain the inaccessibility of the existing built environment. On the other hand, the social and human rights models of disability offer insight into improving the accessibility of the existing built environment for people with disability. However, ‘disability’ and ‘built environment’ tend not to mix. People with disability continue to experience lack of meaningful involvement in research, participation in decision-making, partnership equality, and direct influence over policy, with the built environment arena increasingly becoming a private-sector activity. The actors involved, however, have little understanding of either the accessibility needs of people with disability, or the inaccessibility, particularly at neighbourhood scale, of the existing built environment. It is in this context that this paper explores the design, planning and politics of an inaccessible built environment, concluding that assessing the built environment accessibility performance for people with disability, at neighbourhood scale, is an essential component in the process of built environment accessibility improvement. Requiring collaboration between the built environment and disability knowledge domains, a new tool measuring neighbourhood accessibility, the Universal Mobility Index (UMI), has emerged and is undergoing further development.
Kosmopolityzm jako praktyka międzygatunkowa. Parę uwag o gościnności nieantropocentrycznej
Authors: Mitek-Dziemba Alina
Published: December 2019

Derridiańskie pytanie o paradoksalną (bez)warunkowość zakodowaną w pojęciu gościnnościjest także pytaniem o zasięg i przedmiot odniesienia: jeśli gościnność ma być tym,co rządzi wszelką interakcją, to być może nie ogranicza się ona wyłącznie do relacji międzyludzkich.Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie pojawiających się w ostatnich latach nieantropocentrycznychwizji gościnności, związanych z rozwinięciem Kantowskiego pojęcia kosmopolitycznegoprawa w odniesieniu do zwierząt i ich politycznej podmiotowości. Artykułpodejmuje wątki zwierzęcia kosmopolitycznego, kosmopolityki, kosmopolityzmu rozumianegonielogocentrycznie, jak w tradycji starożytnego cynizmu, kosmopolitycznych inspiracjiw nurcie posthumanizmu oraz projektu państwowej polityki opartej na ładzie kosmopolitycznym– zoopolis.
Współczesne formy wyobcowania. Tożsamość w ruchu: migrant i nomada
Authors: Nehrub Tamara
Published: December 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy funkcjonowania współczesnej narracjidomu na przykładzie dwóch narodów: Tatarów krymskich i Romów. Są oni bliscy terytorialniei żyją wśród nas od stuleci, ale pozostają nadal nieznani. Pierwsi są rozpatrywanijako migranci lub wygnańcy, którzy znajdują się na pograniczu bezdomności i wciąż walcząo dom. Drudzy stanowią przykład niezakorzenionej przynależności – tożsamości nomadycznej,ponieważ sami zdecydowali się na życie bez zapuszczania korzeni. Prezentowane w artykulezagadnienia odzwierciedlają różne spojrzenia na kwestię współczesnej tożsamości i jejrelacje do dwóch typów przestrzeni: absolutnej i relatywnej, tak jak je rozumie Martina Löw.
Primer reporte de un caso de ehrlichiosis monocítica canina en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: TARRAGONA Evelina L. , FLORES Fernando S. , HERRERA Candelaria L. , DALINGER Miriam , AGUIRRE Nerina , MONJE Lucas D. , NAVA Santiago
Published: December 2019

La ehrlichiosis monocítica canina (EMC) es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria intracelular obligada Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae). La EMC es de importancia en salud animal por ser considerada de alta mortalidad en caninos domésticos, con distribución mundial; con síntomas inespecíficos como fiebre alta, depresión, letargia, anorexia y signos clínicos como linfoadenomegalia, esplenomegalia y trombocitopenia con tendencia hemorrágica, por lo que su diagnostico es un desafío en el entorno clínico. Ehrlichia canis es transmitida a un hospedador susceptible por ninfas y adultos de la garrapata Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. El taxón R. sanguineus s.l. representa un complejo de especies asociadas a caninos domésticos con distribución cosmopolita y particularmente en la región Neotropical se reconocen dos linajes: tropical y templado. El linaje templado, que representa a R. sanguineus sensu stricto, siendo el límite geográfico que separa ambos linajes una zona ecotonal situada entre 24 ° y 25 ° de latitud sur. En condiciones experimentales, R. sanguineus s.s. (linaje presente en la región centro de Argentina) demostró no tener competencia vectorial para transmitir E. canis (cepa Jaboticabal, Brasil) pero si R. sanguineus s.l. del linaje tropical. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han determinado molecularmente la infección con E. canis en muestras de sangre de perros con diagnóstico presuntivo de EMC en la provincia de Buenos Aires, dónde prevalece R. sanguineus s.s. Además, poblaciones de R. sanguineus s.l. (LT) y R. sanguineus s.s. de las provincias de Formosa y Buenos Aires, respectivamente, se detectaron naturalmente infectadas con E. canis. El presente informe de caso es el primer reporte de caso confirmado de EMC por E. canis en un canino de la ciudad de Rafaela, Santa Fe, área endémica de R. sanguineus s.s.
VIBRATION STRENGTH MONITORING OF THE AVIATION GTE ACOUSTIC PANELS
Authors: Osadchy N. V. , Zubov S. S. , Shepel V. T.
Published: December 2019

The vibration strength check of the acoustic panels installed inside the gas-air duct of the aviation engine was performed by computation of frequencies and natural modes of vibration, endurance strength and the amplification factor. The amplification factor characterizing the dynamic properties of vibration transmission was calculated in the laboratory conditions as a ratio of the vibration level on the examined panel installed on the vibration test rig similar to attachment on the engine to the vibration level on the vibration rig table. The natural frequency search was performed with the help of the ping-test and vibration mapping of the acoustic panels. Identification of the resonance frequencies was performed by means of strain-gaging. The amplification factor and the vibration acceleration on the engine casing enable to assess vibration acceleration of the panel under the resonant conditions during the panel operation on the engine. The panel performance under resonance was assessed by comparison of the actual vibration acceleration of the panel with the limit value obtained based on 107 cycles. In the process of design-experimental work the proposed approach enabled bringing the acoustic panels of the fifth-generation aircraft engine to compliance with the airworthiness requirements.
Timing Determines Tuning: A Rapid Spatial Transformation in Superior Colliculus Neurons during Reactive Gaze Shifts
Authors: Sadeh Morteza , Sajad Amirsaman , Wang Hongying , Yan Xiaogang , Crawford John Douglas
Published: December 2019

Gaze saccades, rapid shifts of the eyes and head toward a goal, have provided fundamental insights into the neural control of movement. For example, it has been shown that the superior colliculus (SC) transforms a visual target (T) code to future gaze (G) location commands after a memory delay. However, this transformation has not been observed in “reactive” saccades made directly to a stimulus, so its contribution to normal gaze behavior is unclear. Here, we tested this using a quantitative measure of the intermediate codes between T and G, based on variable errors in gaze endpoints. We demonstrate that a rapid spatial transformation occurs within the primate’s SC (Macaca mulatta) during reactive saccades, involving a shift in coding from T, through intermediate codes, to G. This spatial shift progressed continuously both across and within cell populations [visual, visuomotor (VM), motor], rather than relaying discretely between populations with fixed spatial codes. These results suggest that the SC produces a rapid, noisy, and distributed transformation that contributes to variable errors in reactive gaze shifts.
Wnt regulates amino acid transporter Slc7a5 and so constrains the integrated stress response in mouse embryos
Authors: Poncet Nadège , Halley Pamela A , Lipina Christopher , Gierliński Marek , Dady Alwyn , Singer Gail A , Febrer Melanie , Shi Yun‐Bo , Yamaguchi Terry P , Taylor Peter M , Storey Kate G
Published: December 2019

Amino acids are essential for cellular metabolism, and it is important to understand how nutrient supply is coordinated with changing energy requirements during embryogenesis. Here, we show that the amino acid transporter Slc7a5/Lat1 is highly expressed in tissues undergoing morphogenesis and that Slc7a5‐null mouse embryos have profound neural and limb bud outgrowth defects. Slc7a5‐null neural tissue exhibited aberrant mTORC1 activity and cell proliferation; transcriptomics, protein phosphorylation and apoptosis analyses further indicated induction of the integrated stress response as a potential cause of observed defects. The pattern of stress response gene expression induced in Slc7a5‐null embryos was also detected at low level in wild‐type embryos and identified stress vulnerability specifically in tissues undergoing morphogenesis. The Slc7a5‐null phenotype is reminiscent of Wnt pathway mutants, and we show that Wnt/β‐catenin loss inhibits Slc7a5 expression and induces this stress response. Wnt signalling therefore normally supports the metabolic demands of morphogenesis and constrains cellular stress. Moreover, operation in the embryo of the integrated stress response, which is triggered by pathogen‐mediated as well as metabolic stress, may provide a mechanistic explanation for a range of developmental defects.
Miradas epistemológicas desde distintas perspectivas teóricas sobre la discapacidad
Authors: Vargas Dengo Marie Claire
Published: December 2019

Recibido 01 de febrero de 2012 • Corregido 22 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012Este artículo presenta distintas perspectivas teóricas y sus aproximaciones epistemológicas en el estudio de la discapacidad. Explica distintos enfoques para concebir la discapacidad según los diferentes aspectos que cada uno enfatiza, así como algunos de los debates entre dichos enfoques. El artículo aporta a la clarificación teórico-conceptual para el estudio e investigación sobre la discapacidad.
El vínculo de pareja: Una posibilidad afectiva para crecer
Authors: Ortega Rojas Juan
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 •  Corregido 22 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012El  vínculo de pareja se constituye en uno de los más importantes que construyen las personas en sus vidas. Tal relevancia implica, por un lado, la revisión de esquemas personales, sobre el concepto que se ha creado sobre este y, por otro, la disposición de aprender cosas nuevas y, con estas, asumir actitudes que tienen que ver con varios aspectos. Dentro de estos, podrían mencionarse los siguientes: i) aceptar a la persona tal cual es, en tanto algunos rasgos no atenten contra la dignidad de la otra, ii) mantener apertura constante a la comunicación, en particular, en momentos de crisis, iii) conocerse y valorarse a sí mismos, antes de conocer y valorar al otro, iv) mantener o crear detalles que, de antemano, se sabe producen  gratificación en la pareja, v) respetar compromisos adquiridos y vi) tratar de vivenciar cosas, a través del movimiento de roles como una de las estrategias. Cada uno de esos elementos, debidamente desarrollados, se constituye, a  su vez, en recomendaciones que, de ser adecuadamente implementadas, facilitan la creación de vínculos más saludables y duraderos. Desde este marco, el artículo pretende fomentar la revisión de ideas y conductas propias, en relación con el vínculo de pareja. Invertir tiempo en desarrollar actitudes y conductas  pareciera ser el camino que debe seguirse, para la construcción de un vínculo de pareja placentero, dentro en un ambiente de crecimiento  mutuo.
La transdisciplinariedad: de los postulados de Nicolescu al pensamiento complejo de Morin y su repercusión en el ámbito educativo
Authors: Zamora-Araya José Andrey
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo pretende brindar una reflexión sobre la importancia que tiene el pensamiento complejo y la transdisciplinariedad en el ámbito educativo. Para ello, se toma como referentes los aportes de Edgar Morin y a Basarab Nicolescu. En una primera instancia se exponen aspectos relevantes de sus propuestas como los conceptos de complejidad, pensamiento complejo, las diferencias entre transdisciplinariedad, interdisciplinariedad y pluridisciplinariedad, los niveles de realidad y la lógica del tercero incluido, ejemplificado por medio del caso de las geometrías no Euclideas. Posteriormente, se muestra la interrelación existente entre los conceptos de complejidad y transdisciplinariedad, tomando como base los trabajos de Morin y Nicolescu. Además, se exploran las implicaciones que en materia educativa tienen los enfoques transdisciplinarios y de pensamiento complejo en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de pasar de un pensamiento simple a uno complejo y cómo la transdisciplinariedad puede ayudar a la mejora de los procesos educativos.
COMMISSION BORDER FEEDING IN LVIV (1578, 1579, 1581) ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOURCE - THREE FRAGMENTS FROM THE BOOK OF CITY COSTS. TRANSLATION. COMMENTS
Authors: Levus Nazar
Published: December 2019

In the second half of the 16th century in Lviv were conducted meeting of the Border Commission. The Commission resolved the controversial questions related to the land issue and ordering its boundaries. During its implementation, city delegates and commissioners often stopped for rest and lunch. Meat, fish, bread, various spices and wine were accompanied participants of the Borders Commission during joint meetings, whether at the City Hall or outside it. This and other information is vividly illustrated by a source such as the Lviv weekly-expenditures book for 1572–1582. This source has big information potential. In the Lviv weekly-expenditures books you can find information about the activities of the city authorities (councils and benches of the city of Lviv); the acomplishment of functions by city officials (such as the executioner); routine affairs in the city, etc. This publication provides three fragments of the source of the Boundary Commission meeting for 1578, 1579, 1581.

The Boundary Commission of 1578 was held on the eve of the Birthday of John the Baptist (June 24) and lasted from June 20 to June 23, 1578. The source does not provide specific details of the dispute, but it can be assumed that a soil dispute arose between a monastic order of Lviv Dominicans and Bryukhovychi peasants. During the joint lunches and dinners in the suburban tavern in Bryukhovychi, for four days, the commissioners drank three barrels of beer, 22 jugs (85 liters) of Hungarian wine, consumed veal; fish and herrings (most likely eaten on Friday June 22); bread and other dishes cooked for them.

In 1579, the Commission resolved the disputed issues between the city and Lviv's podstoli, Joakim Samp. During its meeting on the second Sunday of Lent in 1579, were present Lviv's castellans Stanislav Herburth and Lviv starosta Mykola Herburth. Each of them was presented with 8 jugs of Malvasia  for greetings. To feed the delegates were purchased variety of fish, bread, spices, vegetables, condiments and 27 jugs of Malvasia. It is interesting that the Commissioners did not consume meat under the Border Commission because it took place during Lent.

The Borders Commission, in October 1581, was also involved in resolving the dispute between Joachim Samp and the community of Lviv. The meetings of the Commission were followed by lavish dinners. In particular, to the borders that were checked was bought 2 barrels of beer, two-quarters of meat, 5 chickens, bread, various roots. On Tuesday, October 13, 1581, all the commissioners and guests, including Mykola Herburt, the Lviv starosta and Mykola Meletsky, the Podolsk voivode, and all their servants were gratulated in Sikhiv Korchma. For festive supper was bought two calves, four quarters of meat, 2 barrels of beer, rye and white bread, vegetables, lemons, raisins, sugar, 4 vessels of jam, 35 ½ jugs of wine and 6 jugs of alicakantu.
Is Burning Mouth Syndrome Based on a Physiological Mechanism which Resembles that of Neuropathic Pain?
Authors: Reyes Sevilla DDS Marisol
Published: December 2019

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic intraoral pain state that has been described as burning pain, tingling or numbness in the oral mucosa, in the absence of any organic disease. Most often affecting the tongue, anterior palate, and/or lips. The diagnosis of primary BMS is purely clinical and based on patients’ description of typical subjective symptoms as well on the exclusion of any systemic or local factors that may give rise to secondary burning pain sensations within the oral mucosa. Relevant studies links BMS to a peripheral neuropathy and BMS patients have revealed distinct abnormalities within the trigeminofacial large and small fiber systems and the trigeminal brainstem complex. Therefore, treatment approach should involve a multidisciplinary character similar to the treatment for neuropathic pain including factors that might also play a role on the BMS etiology and pathophysiology.
Precondition on microinsurance in Ukraine: Contingent valuation approach for poor population behaviour regarding insurance services
Authors: Shirinyan Lada V. , Shirinyan Aram
Published: December 2019

The work represents the risk-behavioral aspects of finance and insurance related to low-income people in Ukraine and answers the main question concerning microinsurance: can microinsurance provide value for low-income people? The definition of microinsurance is presented. The study uses the contingent valuation method, as it used a survey to directly ask low-income people how much they would be willing to pay for insurance. The polling was performed in 2011-2013 and covered about 3000 people. It is found that Urban poor were found to prefer to have an annual microinsurance premium of less than 3% of the Minimal Ukrainian Salary (MUS) and the desired size of annual microinsurance coverage was found to be not less than the 3MUS microinsurance tariff, at a rate 1% of the desired insurance sum.
Microbial dysbiosis and microbiota–gut–retina axis: The lesson from brain neurodegenerative diseases to primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis of autoimmunity
Authors: Chaiwiang Narttaya , Poyomtip Teera
Published: December 2019

In recent years, microbiota-associated neurodegenerative diseases have been exploited and provided new insight into disease pathogenesis. However, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), known as a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting from retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve damage, can cause irreversible blindness and visual field loss. POAG, which shares several similarities with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has limited studies and slow progression in the understanding of pathogenesis when compared to PD and AD. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of POAG and commensal microbiota, combined with several lines of evidence in PD and AD to propose a possible hypothesis for POAG pathogenesis: microorganisms cause glaucoma via gut–retina axis, resulting in autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells that lead to autoimmunity. Furthermore, dual-hit hypothesis, an example of a commensal pathogen that causes PD, was partially exported in POAG. Finally, future perspectives are suggested to expand understanding of POAG.
A glükagonszerű peptid-1 (GLP1) és a gyomor-bél rendszer. GLP1-receptor-agonisták – túlértékelt gyomor-, elfelejtődött bél- („ileal brake”) hatás?
Authors: Winkler Gábor , Hajós Péter , Kiss János Tibor
Published: December 2019

Abstract:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and their receptor agonists – beside their blood glucose lowering and central effects- affect also the gastrointestinal function in many respects. They slow down the stomach emptying, the motility of the small bowel and colon – this is the explanation for the “ileal brake” terminology –, stimulate the function of exocrine pancreatic acinar cells and increase amylase production. GLP1 receptor agonists belong to the defining tools of the blood glucose lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes. Their long- and short-acting derivatives have different influence on the fasting and the postprandial blood glucose, respectively. By introducing the term non-prandial and prandial type analogues – which seems to be forced in light of the newer data – the potential slowdown in gastric emptying is the center of interest, lately, however, especially in the case of long-acting GLP1 variants, at least such attention should be paid to controlling bowel function. The article reviews the physiological effects of GLP1 on the gastrointestinal tract and draws attention to the potential for the prevention of possible side effects through detailed patient information and dietary advises. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1927–1934.
Deformations of smooth functions on 2-torus
Authors: Feshchenko Bohdan
Published: December 2019

Let $f$ be a Morse function on a smooth compact surface $M$ and $\mathcal{S}'(f)$ be the group of $f$-preserving diffeomorphisms of $M$ which are isotopic to the identity map. Let also $G(f)$ be a group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph of $f$ induced by elements from $\mathcal{S}'(f)$, and $\Delta'$ be the subgroup of $\mathcal{S}'(f)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms which trivially act on the graph of $f$ and are isotopic to the identity map. The group $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$ can be viewed as an analogue of a mapping class group for $f$-preserved diffeomorphisms of $M$. The groups $\pi_0\Delta'(f)$ and $G(f)$ encode ``combinatorially trivial'' and ``combinatorially nontrivial'' counterparts of $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$ respectively. In the paper we compute groups $\pi_0\mathcal{S}'(f)$, $G(f)$, and $\pi_0\Delta'(f)$ for Morse functions on $2$-torus $T^2$.
Polityka surowcowa wybranych krajów poradzieckich a ich konkurencyjność w handlu międzynarodowym
Authors: Falkowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objectives of this article are: 1) to briefly present the natural resources policies of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia, 2) to thoroughly analyse the development of long-term comparative advantages in exports of each of these countries, 3) to determine whether their competitiveness (ceteris paribus) is a consequence of the natural resources policies they pursue.Research Design & Methods: It has been assumed that the emergence or significant long-term improvement of comparative advantages in exports may prove the effectiveness of the natural resources policy. To determine the international trade competitiveness (in terms of any comparative advantages possessed) of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia, two indexes were applied: Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index and the Lafay Index (LFI) of international trade specialisation.Findings: The structure of long-term comparative advantages of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia in international trade has not changed for years, nor have any new comparative advantages appeared, which would indicate an improvement in the competitiveness of their economies. Therefore, the natural resource policies they pursue further strengthens the resource-based character of their economies, thus reducing their overall international trade competitiveness.Implications / Recommendations: Given the present situation, it seems necessary for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia to take specific measures not only in their natural resources policies, but also in their economic policies and development strategies, which should be pragmatically oriented towards the modernisation and development of non- -resources-based sectors (ultimately increasing their competitiveness) using the funds from exports of their energy resources.Contribution: The article contributes to the research on the importance of natural resource policy for international trade competitiveness, in particular with respect to selected post-Soviet natural resources-based economies, i.e. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia. It verifies the research hypothesis that, given their energy resources, the natural resource policies pursued by Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia have a negative impact on the competitive profiles of their economies. Moreover, they further strengthen their resource-based character, thus reducing their overall international trade competitiveness.
ON THE HISTORY OF BYZANTINE DALMATIA IN VIEW OF EARLY MEDIEVAL CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Jarak Mirja
Published: December 2019

The article presents examples of Byzantine church architecture, mostly in the towns of Dalmatia. After a short review of the Byzantine influence in the ecclesiastic architecture of the 6th century, the author shows its continuation during the early Middle Ages when the territory under Byzantine political authority was reduced to the coastal towns and northern Adriatic islands. Besides the famous rotunda of St. Donatus in Zadar, of the Byzantine influence in the medieval architecture speaks especially the cross in square church plan, which was accepted in several towns of Byzantine Dalmatia. The cross in square churches in Kotor and Dubrovnik were built in close connection with political and religious relationships with Byzantium, so the architecture can be seen in a broader historical frames.
THE IDEA OF THE GAINING AND DEPRIVATION OF THE SUPREME AUTHORITY IN THE BELARUSIAN-LITHUANIAN CHRONICLES
Authors: Yashchuk O.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of representations of supreme authority in the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles through a prism of the notices about the gaining and deprivation of the power of the ruler. The author analyzed the first redaction of the Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles that containing the "Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania”, the second redaction that containing the "Chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania” and the third redaction ("Bychowiec Chronicle”). The study highlighted several ways of the supreme authority’s legitimation: by right of establishment, by right of inheritance, by right of conquest, by the acceptance of the local population, by the electoral way, by the coup if the organizers of it belonging to the ruling dynasty. It should be noted that the way of justifying the right to power through to underscores of blood ties and prince's enthronement of the son of the previous ruler or less often brother is the main way of gaining the power in the chronicles. The article gives a detailed analysis of features of the chronicle notices about the coronation of the representatives of the Gediminids dynasty. In addition, the notices about the deprivation of the authority usually as a result of the death of the ruler are investigated in the article. Notices of the death of the ruler in contradistinction to notices about the enthronement are mainly the fact statements. In the most complete form, the notes of the death of the ruler include the information about a long successful reign, facts of the ruler death and information about the birth and enthronement of the successor.
The value of wildlife in the US: from the idea to practice
Authors: Perga Tetiana
Published: December 2019

The development of the idea of wildlife conservation in the USA has investigated. The role of colonization of the North American continent in attracting interest to wildlife has identified. Two vectors of such influence are determined: negative impact (destruction of many species of flora and fauna) and positive (the discovery of unique natural landscapes). The contribution of American painters, writers, scholars, and statesmen of late 19th – 20th centuries in the disclosure of the non-economic value of wildlife and the creation of the first areas of its protection has defined. The US legislation on wildlife conservation in the twentieth century has analyzed. The role of US President Theodore Roosevelt in establishing the first US nature reserves has revealed. It has concluded that on the eve of World War II, American society has already spread an understanding of the importance of protecting wildlife and American presidents carried out fragmentary measures in this area. Despite the widespread perception of wildlife in American society in terms of assessing its economic value, which was associated with the needs of hunting and tourism development, an understanding of the importance of preserving the species of wild flora and fauna for the development of ecosystems has been already developed. On this basis, in the second half of the twentieth century, the first legislative acts on the protection of wildlife were adopted. It has proved that the first in the world the United States gave a legal definition of wildlife and enshrined it in 1964 the Wilderness Act. The term “wild river” introduced by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (1968) has analyzed. The growth of the National System of Wildlife Refuges and the procedure for the creation of such sites in the USA have considered. The modern problems of wildlife conservation in the USA are clarified. It is found that they are closely connected with the considerable increase in resource requirements due to population growth and urbanization. A conclusion is made about the US influence on the development of wildlife conservation in European countries, which adopted the first laws in wildlife protection only in the 1990s.
Modern Condition and Prospects of the Reform of Pre-Trial Proceeding in the Russian Criminal Process
Authors: Shadrin V S
Published: December 2019

The author considers the content and outcome of the reform of pretrial proceedings in connection with the adoption and subsequent application of the code of criminal procedure, problems in the current legal regulation of the stages in criminal prosecution and preliminary investigation, as well as the grounds and the possibility of its further improvement.
Criminal Liability in Domestic Law in the Context of the Effectiveness of the Implementation: Problems of Theory and Practice
Authors: Dvorezkiy M Y
Published: December 2019

The article deals with topical issues of criminal responsibility in the national legislation in the context of the effectiveness of the implementation, as well as problems of theory and practice.
The phenomenon of the legitimacy of rights: philosophical and legal interpretation
Authors: Shugurov M V
Published: December 2019

Article seeks to substantiate the philosophical and legal approach to the analysis of the phenomenon of the legitimacy of law. It proved heuristic meaning of this concept, a distinction is made between the approaches of political philosophy, philosophy of law and legal theory in the definition of the concept of «legitimacy». The author focuses on the concept of «legitimate right» assumptions crisis of legitimacy of law, as well as possible ways to overcome it.
The new understanding of modern democracy
Authors: Vasiliev A V
Published: December 2019

The issues of democracy as rule of people are discussed in the article, the democracy of the ancient Greek state Athens (polis) is discussed, wherein rule of people and democracy really existed, indicated the situation. The issues of democracy in the conditions of monarchial and republican government are further discussed.Some proposals on the modern democracy improvement are developed in the article.
Justice as a valuable reference criminal process
Authors: Tymoshenko A A
Published: December 2019

The author considers the problem of fairness in criminal proceedings. Based on analysis of the validity term of his philological and philosophical dimension it concluded sufficiently broad understanding of its researchers. Thus it becomes necessary to establish specific criteria for the conversion of equity into real action mechanism of regulation of criminal procedure in criminal proceedings. The most important of these is the establishment of real opportunities for citizens involved in criminal proceedings to defend their rights. This goal must be achieved not only the establishment of the legal requirements, but also the organization of the functioning of the system of authorized bodies of state power.
Legal ideal and legal vacuum: the question of the legal protection of workers from psychological violence in Russia
Authors: Kursova O A , Pluzhnik I L
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation and resistance against psychological abuse at the workplace within Europe, the USA and Russia. Special attention was paid to the matters connected with the adaptation of the legal mechanisms stipulated in the Russian legislation, to the system of protection from psychological abuse at the workplace.
Some security problems of Russia in the field of information technology
Authors: Razumovskaya E A
Published: December 2019

The article considers the problems associated with the dependence of Russia on import of computer hardware and software. Shows statistics on the ratio of domestic and foreign manufacturers on the market of it technologies. A brief overview of the legal enforcement of course of Russia on import substitution in the information sphere.
Unilateral sanctions in international relations as an element of the technology of «color revolutions»
Authors: Korjakin V M
Published: December 2019

The article considers the theoretical and practical aspects of sanctions in international relations, shows the essence of unilateral sanctions as an element of the technology of «color revolutions».
About the scientific novelty in historical-legal research
Authors: Demichev A A
Published: December 2019

The article considers specific features of the science of history of state and law. The author identifies the criteria of scientific novelty of historical legal research, analyzes the correlation between of the relevance of the research theme, of conjuncture and of scientific novelty.
On the worldview pluralism, competing theories of law and the elaboration of a unified integrative theory of law: philosophical analysis of the proble
Authors: Musayelyan L A
Published: December 2019

Philosophy has historically served as metatheory of law. The world view prevailed in every age has determined legal consciousness and law enforcement. Abolition of the state ideology in the early 1990s in Russia apart from the recognized positive effect had some negative implications. During this period it was possible to observe the following phenomena: origin of many competing theories of legal consciousness, disappearance of a single legal space, spreading of the selective right that violates of equality of citizens before the law and the principle of justice. The lawyers’ idea of integrative theory of law turns out to be impractical because of the lack of a generally recognized basis of law. The author attempts to show, that the unified ontological basis of law exists. The institutionalization of such a basis allows solving complex problems connected with modern legal consciousness and law enforcement.
Criminal offense with administrative prejudice - a crime or an administrative offense?
Authors: Tymoshenko Y A
Published: December 2019

The article deals with theoretical approaches regarding the advisability of a full-fledged revival of administrative prejudice criminal law. On the basis of analyzing the legislative structures of crimes involving as a mandatory feature attraction of the person to administrative responsibility, and the provisions of Art. 14 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation concluded that the introduction of the institution is possible only if changes in approach to understanding the nature of the crime and the revision of the place of criminal law in the system of legal regulation.
On the modern science of prosecution and scientific novelty of it
Authors: Vinokurov A Yu
Published: December 2019

In the article, the author presents his view of the prosecution activity as a branch (direction) of scientific knowledge and opines on the prospects for prosecutorial science.