bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Perlakuan Uap Etanol Terhadap Mutu Dan Masa Simpan Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.)
Authors: Pundari I Gusti Ayu Prapti , Utama I Made Supartha , Yulianti Ni Luh
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan uap etanol terhadap mutu dan masa simpan buah manggis pada suhu ruang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ragam volume etanol ; 0 ml, 2 ml, dan 4 ml masing-masing diperangkap dalam 5 gram karagenan dan dimasukkan ke dalam sachet teh. Sachet kemudian ditempatkan pada alas styrofoam dimana terdapat 5 buah manggis, selanjutnya ditutup dengan plastik film regang LDPE. Buah manggis tanpa perlakuan atau kontrol disediakan sebagai pembanding.  Buah selanjutnya disimpan pada suhu kamar (28±2?). Susut bobot, intensitas kerusakan, vitamin C, total padatan terlarut, warna, kekerasan dan uji organoleptik diamati selama penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan uap etanol secara umum berpengaruh nyata dalam menurunkan tingkat kerusakan, susut bobot, memperlambat laju perubahan kekerasan, warna kulit dan aril, serta total padatan terlarut dan vitamin C dibandingkan buah kontrol.  Demikian pula uap etanol mampu memberikan nilai tingkat kesukaan panelis lebih tinggi terhadap warna dan rasa aril serta penampilan secara kesuluruhan dibandingkan dengan buah kontol.  Dari ragam perlakuan volume etanol, 4 mL etanol per kemasan mengkreasi uap terbaik untuk memperlambat laju kerusakan, perubahan mutu, menurunkan susut dan meningkatkan kesukaan panelis.

Kata kunci: Manggis, uap etanol, kemasan atmosfer termodifikasi, mutu pascapanen

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of etanol vapor on the quality and the shelf life of mangosteen at the room temperature. Three different volumes of ethanol, namely 0 ml, 2 ml and 4 ml, were trapped in the 5 gram carrageenan placed in the tea sachets.  The sachet was then put on the basal of styrofoam tray on which 5 fruits were placed and then wraped by streching film LDPE.  Control fruits or un-treated fruits were also provided as comparison. The result showed that the ethanol vapor treatments, in general, significantly reduced the intensity of damage, weidght loss, slowing the change rate of texture, color of fruit surface and aril, total soluble solid and vitamin C of the aril, compared to the control fruits.  The ethanol vapor was also able to give better preferences of panelists on  the color and flavor of the aril, as well as the overall performances of the fruits compared to the controls.  The 4 mL ethanol per package created ethanol vapor of which the best vapor to reduce the rate of damage and the change of quality and increase the panelists preferences.

 

Keyword : Mangosteen, ethanol vapor, modified atmosphere packaging, postharvest quality
OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI SETIL ALKOHOL SEBAGAI AGEN PENGENTAL PADA FORMULA KRIM EKSTRAK RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica)
Authors: Unique I Gusti Ayu Nadia Prasta
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk memformulasikan krim dari ekstrak rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) untuk memperoleh sediaan yang stabil sebagai krim obat luka dengan variasi konsentrasi setil alkohol sebagai agen pengental. Dalam penelitian ini krim diformulasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi setil alkohol F I (4%), F II (7%), dan F III (10%). Evaluasi fisik sediaan krim yang dilakukan meliputi evaluasi organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat, daya sebar, pH, tipe krim, dan viskositas. Hasil uji menunjukkan ketiga formula menghasilkan krim berwarna warna kuning jingga kecoklatan, bau khas kunyit, dan sediaan dengan tekstur krim semisolid, memiliki homogenitas yang baik, kemampuan menyebar yang baik, pH sediaan yaitu 5,86; 5,66; 4,68 dan tipe emulsi M/A (Minyak dalam Air). Hasil uji viskositas menunjukkan FII dan FIII memiliki viskositas yang sesuai dengan persyaratan. Uji daya lekat menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formulasi krim belum memenuhi persyaratan daya lekat sediaan topikal yang baik.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to formulation creams from turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) to obtain stable preparations as a wound healing cream in the variations concentration of cetyl alcohol as a stiffening agent. In this study, the cream was formulated with variations concentration of cetyl alcohol F 1 (4%), F II (7%), and F III (10%). The formulation were evaluated basen on several parameter, that are organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, adhesion, dispersion, pH, cream type, and viscosity. The evaluation showed that the three formulas produced cream with a brownish-yellow color, a distinctive smell of turmeric, and preparations with a semisolid cream texture, had good homogeneity, good dispersing ability, pH of the preparation namely 5.86; 5.66; 4,68 and type M / A emulsions (Oil in Water). The results of the viscosity test showed that FII and FIII has viscosity that is suitable with the requirements. The sticky power test showed that all cream formulations does not suitable with the requirements of good topical preparations.
Pemisahan, Isolasi, dan Identifikasi Senyawa Saponin Dari Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban)
Authors: Dewi Ni Luh Arysinta
Published: April 2019

Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) mengandung senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti triterpenoid, steroid, dan saponin. Herba pegagan dimaserasi dengan etanol:akuades (70:30 v/v) menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 21,346%. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak menunjukkan hasil positif mengandung saponin. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom lambat dan diperoleh 39 fraksi. KLT subfraksinasi dilakukan pada fraksi no. 4, 5, 8, 10 dengan nilai Rf sebesar 0,45; 0,45; 0,5; dan 0,5375. Dilanjutkan dengan KLT preparatif dengan eluen  kloroform: methanol: air (65:25:4 v/v) menunjukkan adanya pita biru yang menunjukkan adanya kandungan saponin. KLT hasil subfraksinasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan eluen kloroform:metanol:akuades (65:25:4 v/v) didapatkan spot berwarna biru dengan nilai Rf  sebesar 0,46. KLT Dua Dimensi  dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua jenis eluen  yaitu  6,9 mL kloroform, 2,7 mL metanol, 0,4 air mL dan  5,3 mL kloroform, 2,8 mL asam asetat glasial, 1,1 mL metanol dan 0,7 mL air. Spot hasil KLT dua dimensi berwarna biru dengan Rf 0,5 dan 0,71. Herba pegagan mengandung asiatic acid dan madecassic acid.

Kata kunci: Centella asiatica L. Urban, saponin, triterpenoid
THE STUDY OF HISTOPATOLOGY GILL TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus, Linn.) IN TERMS OF LEVELS OF AMMONIA (NH3) IN BATUR LAKE, BALI
Authors: Wandari Desak Wira Triana , Restu I Wayan , Suryaningtyas Endang Wulandari
Published: April 2019

Danau Batur merupakan danau terbesar di Pulau Bali yang berada di Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli. Insang ikan Nila digunakan sebagai indikator karena merupakan organ yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kualitas air. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan dan gambaran histopatologi insang Ikan Nila ditinjau dari kadar Ammonia (NH3) di Danau Batur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2016 dengan metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung dan purposive sampling pada 5 Stasiun di Danau Batur. Analisis histopatologi dilakukan di laboratorium histopatologi, Balai Karantina Ikan dan pengendalian Mutu kelas 1 Denpasar, Bali. Sampel histopatologi insang dianalisa melalui proses isolasi, fiksasi, dehidrasi dan pembenaman pada paraffin dan pewarnaan dengan Haematoxylin-Eosin. Hasil kualitas air menujukkan nilai pH 8,71-9,08, nilai suhu 25,4-30,0°C, kadar DO 3,8-5,1 mg/L yang masih sesuai pada ambang baku mutu kelas III untuk kegiatan perikanan, sedangkan kadar NH3 0,027-0,105 mg/L berada di atas nilai ambang baku mutu air kelas III untuk kegiatan perikanan mengacu pada PP Nomor 81 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengolahan Kualitas Air dan Pencemaran Air. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi memperlihatkan adanya perubahan yang ditinjau dari kadar NH3. Perubahan yang terjadi pada insang berupa fusi, hiperplasia, apoptosis, telengiektasis dan haemoragii.
THE EFFECT OF BROILER CHICKEN PITUITARY EXTRACT IN SPEEDING UP THE OVULATION RESPONSE OF KOI FISH Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Mardhatillah Hidayah , Efrizal Efrizal , Rahayu Resti
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kelenjar hipofisa ayam broiler dan dosis yang terbaik dalam mempercepatrespon ovulasi yang dilihat dariwaktu laten, kematangan telur tahap akhir, dan diameter telur ikan koi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metodeeksperimen yang disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yaitu penyuntikan tanpa ekstrak hipofisa ayam broiler (kontrol) dan penyuntikan ekstrak hipofisa ayam broiler dengan 500 mg/kg berat badan, 600 mg/kg berat badan, 700 mg/kg berat badan. Ikan yang digunakan adalah induk ikan koi dengan berat 600-800 gram sebanyak 12 ekor. Hasil penelitian waktu laten ikan koi setelah penyuntikan berkisar antara 6-10 jam, kontrol 31 jam. Kematangan telur meningkat sebesar 30-43,83%, kontrol 18,33 jam. Diameter telur meningkat sebesar 0,06-0,10 mm, kontrol 0,02 mm. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini penyuntikan ekstrak kelenjar hipofisa ayam broiler memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata dalam mempercepat respon ovulasi dilihat dari waktu laten, meningkatkan kematangan telur tahap akhir dan diameter telur ikan koi dengan dosis terbaik 500 mg/kg berat badan.
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum [L.] cv. Granola) BY ADDITION OF META-TOPOLIN ON MODIFIED MS (Murashige & Skoog) MEDIA
Authors: Setiawati Tia , Zahra Auliya , Budiono Rully , Nurzaman Mohamad
Published: April 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media modifikasi MS dengan konsentrasi meta-topolin (mt) terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal berupa 12 kombinasi media modifikasi MS dengan konsentrasi meta-Topolin (mT). Media modifikasi MS yang digunakan terdiri dari ½ MS, ¾ MS dan MS penuh, sedangkan konsentrasi mT terdiri dari 0, 1, 2, dan 3 ppm. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Variansi (Anava) dan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 1/2 MS + 2 ppm meta-topolin merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman sebesar 5,07 cm, jumlah tunas sebesar 7 tunas,  panjang tunas sebesar 3,37 cm, jumlah daun sebesar 29,67 helai, jumlah akar sebesar 5,67 akar, dan panjang akar sebesar 5,91 cm.
DAILY ACTIVITY OF CHANGEABLE HAWK-EAGLE (Nisaetus cirrhatus) IN KAMOJANG EAGLE CONSERVATION CENTER
Authors: Safanah Nabila Ghitha , Partasasmita Ruhyat , Rakhman Zaini
Published: April 2019

Peranan elang brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus) di alam adalah predator pengendali suatu ekosistem. Elang ini merupakan salah satu jenis burung pemangsa yang terancam oleh deforestasi, gangguan manusia, dan pemburuan liar, sehinga dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah spesies ini di alam. Akibat dari elang brontok yang ditangkap kemudian dipelihara adalah terjadinya perubahan perilaku alami ketika burung tersebut berada di kandang. Untuk pemulihan perilaku tersebut perlu dilakukan rehabilitasi, sehingga elang dapat dilepasliarkan kembali ke alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas harian elang brontok pada masa rehabilitasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Konservasi Elang Kamojang (PKEK), Garut Jawa Barat Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi lapangan dengan menggunakan metode ad-libitum. Pada saat pengamatan elang brontok dalam kandang dicatat seluruh aktivitasnya. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 3 hari pada tiap minggu, selama 5 minggu. Aktivitas yang diamati adalah aktivitas diam, bergerak, makan, dan lain-lain. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa aktivitas diam merupakan aktivitas dengan proporsi terbesar dengan 74%, sedangkan aktivitas lain-lain sebesar 4% seperti menggerakkan ekor, mematuk kayu tempat bertenggernya, dan mengawasi mangsa merupakan aktivitas dengan proporsi terkecil pada masa rehabilitasi.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LEAD AND CADMIUM CONTENT IN WATER AND TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus, Linn.) FOR WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TELAGA TUNJUNG DAM , BALI
Authors: Arimardewi Made Octiya , Restu I Wayan , Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari
Published: April 2019

Bendungan Telaga Tunjung terletak di Desa Timpag, Kecamatan Kerambitan, Kabupaten Tabanan, Provinsi Bali. Dalam perkembangannya, wilayah sekitar bendungan dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan pertanian, industri serta pemukiman yang memungkinkan terdapatnya masukan bahan pencemar seperti logam berat. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kualitas perairan ditinjau dari kandungan logam berat, mengingat fungsi bendungan yang dimanfaatkan untuk masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konsentrasi kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada kolom air dan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus, Linn.) di Bendungan Telaga Tunjung, yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel air dilakukan secara komposit pada 5 stasiun berdasarkan perwakilan perairan bendungan. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali setiap 2 minggu, dan pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan secara acak sebanyak 1 ekor setiap 2 minggu. Kandungan logam berat dianalisis menggunakan alat Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer ICPE-9000. Kosentrasi logam berat Timbal (Pb) di badan air yang diperoleh berkisar 0 – 0,009 mg/l, dan Kadmium (Cd) berkisar 0,135 – 0,310 mg/l. Pada ikan nila, konsentrasi timbal tidak dapat terdeteksi, dan konsentrasi kadmium yang di dapat berkisar 0,330 – 0,728 mg/kg. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perairan di Bendungan Telaga Tunjung telah tercemar oleh logam berat Kadmium (Cd), karena telah melebihi ambang baku yang ditetapkan Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 8 Tahun 2007 tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan Hidup dan Kriteria Baku Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup Kelas II yaitu sebesar 0,03 mg/l, dan melebihi ambang baku yang ditetapkan SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) 7387:2009 sebesar 0,1 mg/kg untuk ikan dan hasil olahannya.
NEST CHARACTERISTICS OF BAYA WEAVER Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766) AROUND RICEFIELD IN GURUN AUR, BANUHAMPU, AGAM REGENCY, WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Merry . , Novarino Wilson , Rizaldi Rizaldi
Published: April 2019

Penelitian tentang karakteristik sarang tempua Ploceus Philippinus di area persawahan Gurun Aur, Kecamatan Banuhampu, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat, telah dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2016 dengan metode survey langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik dan material penyusun sarang. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa bentuk sarang burung tempua secara umum menyerupai pendulum di pelepah daun pohon kelapa dengan rata-rata tinggi sarang 7,81 m dari permukaan tanah. Sarang mengantung di pelapah pohon kelapa dengan pintu masuk dari bawah.Bentuk sarang yang belum lengkap juga ditemukan jika burung gagal mendapatkan pasangan. Sarang ini menyerupai kubah berbeda dengan sarang yang telah lengkap berbentuk seperti kantung dengan variasi lonjong dan bentuk ginjal. Sarang juga memiliki nilai yang bervariasi pada ukuran panjang, berat dan tinggi gantungan. Bahan yang digunakan burung tempua membangun sarang sebagian besar dari potongan rumput (Graminae) dan malai tumbuhan Imperata cylindrica untuk alas chamber (ruang telur).
Structure Community of Phytoplankton in Floating Net Cages at Buyan Lake Sukasada District, Buleleng, Bali Province
Authors: Persada Putu Roni Graha , Restu I Wayan , Sari Alfi Hermawati Waskita
Published: April 2019

Danau Buyan merupakan sumberdaya alam akuatik yang mempunyai nilai yang sangat penting. Pemanfaatan danau buyan diantaranya adalah kegiatan budidaya keramba jaring apung yang berpotensi memberikan masukan nutrien kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air yang kemudian akan berpengaruh pada fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan kualitas perairan di area keramba jaring apung Danau Buyan, Kecamatan Sukasada, Propinsi Bali.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2016 di area keramba jaring apung Danau Buyan, Kecamatan Sukasada, Kabupaten Buleleng, Propinsi Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sistematic sampling. Lokasi stasiun pengamatan total berjumlah 8 stasiun, stasiun 1-7 terletak dekat dengan area budidaya keramba jaring apung sedangkan 1 stasiun kontrol berada jauh dari area keramba jaring apung. Kegiatan pengambilan sampel dilakukan 3 kali dengan selang waktu 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 9 genus fitoplankton yang terdiri dari 24 spesies. Hasil kelimpahan fitoplankton rata-rata yaitu 1454 sel/l sehingga masuk dalam kategori perairan oligotropik, Indeks keanekaragaman 07647-1,8352, Indeks keseragaman rata-rata-rata 3937. Nilai indeks dominansi 0,4225. Nilai parameter kualitas air yang didapatkan  antara lain yaitu  nilai suhu sebesar 23,54-24,94oC, Nilai Kecerahan yaitu 66,41-251.06, Nilai kekeruhan yaitu sebesar 2,10-6,39 NTU, Nilai pH yaitu sebesar 7,56-8,93, Nilai oksigen terlarut (DO) yaitu sebesar 4,10-5,44 mg/l, Nilai nitrat yaitu sebesar 0,39-0,99 mg/l dan nilai fosfat yaitu sebesar 0,13-0,45 mg/l. Secara keseluruhan hanya parameter oksigen terlarut (DO) yang kurang mendukung kehidupan fitoplankton.
Optimization Growth Conditions of Vibrio cholerae Ogawa in Medium BHIB to Extend Shelf Life of Working
Authors: Arta Suta , Kawuri Retno , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gde
Published: April 2019

Balai Besar Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BBPOM) berkewajiban untuk menguji setiap produk pangan dari cemaran bakteri patogen sebelum diedarkan untuk mencegah terjadinya wabah penyakit yang ditularkan lewat makanan termasuk salah satunya Vibrio cholerae.Dalam proses pengujian produk pangan terhadap cemaran V. cholerae, terdapat masalah dalam hal ketahanan hidup kultur kerja V. cholerae.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAL) Pola Faktorial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan waktu pertumbuhan maksimal kultur V. cholerae  Ogawa pada media (Brain Heart Infusion Broth)BHIB pada suhu 37oC serta untuk mendapatkan kombinasi derajat keasaman (pH) dan konsentrasiNaCl yang tepat pada medium BHIB untuk meningkatkan umur kultur kerja V. cholerae Ogawa yang disimpan pada suhu kulkas (4-8oC). Penelitian diawali dengan re-identifikasi isolat kemudian dilakukan uji kurva tumbuh dengan inkubasi 37oC selama 15 jam pada medium BHIB. Setelah diperoleh pola pertumbuhannya pada medium BHIB, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan menguji ketahanan V. cholerae Ogawa pada medium BHIB yang dimodifikasi dengan kombinasi pH (5,6,7,8, dan 9) dan konsentrasi NaCl (0,1,2, dan 3%) pada penyimpanan suhu kulkas (4-8oC). Hasil penelitian uji kurva tumbuh pada medium BHIB menunjukkan bahwa fase log (pertumbuhan maksimal) terjadi pada jam ke-5. Hasil uji ketahanan pada medium BHIB yang dimodifikasi dengan kombinasi pH dan konsentrasi NaCl menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pH 9 dan NaCl 3% merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk meningkatkan umur daya simpan V. cholerae Ogawa pada medium BHIB. Pada kombinasi tersebut V. cholerae Ogawa mampu bertahan sampai hari ke-51 pada penyimpanan suhu kulkas (4-8oC).
Intestine Histological Structure of Silver Sharkminnow (Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) in Singkarak Lake, West Sumatera
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Zakaria Indra Junaidi , Marusin Netty
Published: April 2019

A study about “intestine histology structure of Silver Sharkminnow (Osteochilus hasseltii C.V) in Singkarak Lake, West Sumatera” has been done at Animal Structure and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biology, Mathematic and Science Faculty, Andalas University, Padang. This study used an observational method to microscopically examine the histology of intestinal asang fish (Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) directly at four locations in Lake Singkarak, namely Sumani, Paninggahan, Sumpur, Ombilin using purposive sampling method.. Histolgical samples of intestine were isolated, fixated, dehydrated and embedded on paraffin, stained using Haematoxylin-Eosin and observation using microscope. The results showed some histological alteration of gastrc and intestine samples in each location. Those alteration varied from edema , vili erotion, hemorrhage, lysis and necrosis.
Existence of Fermentation Microbe in Kefir Etawa Goat Milk
Authors: Pamericar Merla , Periadnadi Periadnadi , Nurmiati Nurmiati
Published: April 2019

Study about existence of fermentation microbe in kefir etawa goat milk had been studied. The objective of this study were to know total of microbe from kefir etawa goat milk. This study used descriptive method and counting population of microbe on in vitro. The variable acid in kefir measuring with pH meter. Result indicated total bacteria in kefir etawa goat milk are sebanyak 98,3 x 106 cfu/ml with total yeast 67,8 x 105 cfu/ml and pH of kefir 4.57.
Analysis of Vitamin C Content of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) and White Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) in Storage with Different Temperatures and Times
Authors: Sumaryani N. Putri , Dharmadewi Anak Agung Istri Mirah
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to determine the temperature and storage time of the exact vitamin C content of red and white dragon fruit and the difference of vitamin C. The samples were taken from the plantation land in Ubud Andong Highway, Petulu, Gianyar Regency. Treated for 10 and 30 days with 2, 10, 20 and 300C temperature treatment with five repetitions using Completely Randomized Design Factorial pattern. Data obtained statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The highest vitamin C content in red dragon fruit is 29.61 mg/ 100g temperature 100C for 10 days and the lowest is in 30 days storage with temperature 300C that is equal to 22,09 mg/ 100g. While the white dragon fruit content of vitamin C highest contained in storage with a temperature of 20C is 22.69 mg/ 100g with maximum storage of 10 days and the lowest at a temperature of 300C is 17.37 mg/ 100g.
Study of Characteristics of The Conflict Between The Sumatera Elephant (Elephas maximus Sumatranus) with Communities around Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau
Authors: Arum Rizki Sekar , Rizaldi Rizaldi , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: April 2019

Human-elephant conflict is one of main issues in wildlife conservation. The trigger of human-elephant conflict is forest convertion in Tesso Nilo National Park. A study about characteristic of human elephant conflict has been conducted from March until April 2016 in some area of the park including Lubuk Kembang Bunga and Air Hitam villages, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of dispute area have been and land use in the park. A survey and interview have been conducted to 30 local inhibitans. Lubuk Kembang Bunga and Air hitam villageswere located near by the elephant forest habitat (0-10 km) with elevation 0f 200-100 m above the sea level. The area mostly flat and close to rivers. The elephant attack palm oil and rubber plantation. Historical change of land use at Tesso Nilo National Park from 2004 to 2016 has proved to damaged the elephant habitat, while the elephants come to the plantation where they had ranged in the past time.
Feeding Preference of Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera) Larvae on Host Plants Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae)
Authors: Zulnawati Asih , Dahelmi Dahelmi , Rahayu Resti
Published: April 2019

This research aimed to investigate the food preference of the Papilio memnon L. larvae on two host plants. This study was conducted by two choice food preference test combination of leaves Citrus aurantifolia Chrism. and Citrus hystrix DC. The result of this study showed that the third instar of P. memnon L. larva significant preferential feeding (P<0.05), while the fourth and fifth instar shown that no significant feeding preference beetwen host plants. Nitrogen and water content of leaves were higher on C. aurantifolia (0.212 % and 70.368%) than C. hystrix (0.04% dan 64.027%). While carbohydrate content was higher on C. hystrix (22.167%) than C.aurantifolia (31.097%).
Studi Pengaruh Temperatur Reaktor Gasifikasi Terhadap Fuel Conversion Rate Gasifikasi Dual Reactor Fluidized Bed
Authors: Arya Darma I Wayan , Winaya I Nyoman Suprapta , Wirawan I Ketut Gede
Published: April 2019

Terjadinya krisis energi mendorong pemerintah untuk melakukan upaya pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif, yang berasal dari sumber daya energi terbarukan, salah satunya adalah biomassa. Pada penelitian ini proses konversi energi biomassa dilakukan menggunakan teknologi dual reactor fluidized bed. Bahan bakar biomassa yang digunakan adalah sekam padi dan pasir silika digunakan sebagai material bed nya. Temperatur pada reaktor gasifikasi diatur antara 600-7000C dan temperatur pada reaktor pembakaran konstan pada 7000C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan temperatur pada reaktor gasifikasi berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya fuel conversion rate pada proses gasifikasi.

The occurrence of an energy crisis encourages the government to make efforts to develop alternative fuels, which come from renewable energy resources, one of which is biomass. In this study the biomass energy conversion process was carried out using dual reactor fluidized bed technology. The biomass fuel used is rice husk and silica sand is used as a bed material. The temperature in the gasification reactor is set between 600-7000C and the temperature in the combustion reactor is constant at 7000C. The results showed that the increase in temperature in the gasification reactor had an effect on increasing carbon efficiency in the gasification process.
Kekerasan Baja Karbon Sedang dengan Variasi Suhu Permukaan Material
Authors: Payana Dwi , Widiyarta I Made , Sucipta Made
Published: April 2019

Beban gesek pada permukaan sebuah benda dapat menimbulkan panas pada permukaan kontak benda tersebut. Semakin besar beban gesek yang terjadi, suhu pada permukaan material akan menjadi lebih tinggi. Peningkatan suhu permukaan yang semakin tinggi dapat mempengaruhi sifat mekanis permukaan material dan tentunya dapat berimplikasi terhadap mekanisme kegagalan pada permukaan material tersebut, seperti kegagalan aus dan kegagalan retak. Pada penelitian ini, uji kekerasan dilakukan pada material dengan suhu permukaan tertentu. Permukaan material baja karbon sedang dipanaskan dengan variasi suhu yaitu mulai dari suhu kamar sampai dengan 300ºC, kemudian dilakukan uji Vicker’s. Tingkat kekerasan dan profil indentasi Vickers pada permukaan material dengan variasi suhu tersebut kemudian diinvestigasi.

Friction load on the surface of an object can cause heat on the contact surface of the object. The larger the frictional load occurs, the temperature on the surface of the material will become higher. Increased surface temperatures can further affect the mechanical properties of the material surface and can certainly have implications for the failure mechanisms on the surface of the material, such as wear failure and crack failure. In this study, hardness tests were performed on materials with certain surface temperature. The surface of the carbon steel material is being heated with temperature variations ranging from room temperature up to 300ºC, then Vicker's test. The degree of hardness and Vickers indent profile on the surface of the material with the temperature variation is then investigated.
Analisis pengaruh panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap keluaran panel surya tipe polycrystalline
Authors: Sridewi Ni Luh Putu Mustia , Suyanto Hery , WIjaya Kusuma I Gusti Bagus
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap daya keluaran pada panel surya tipe policrystalline. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh panjang gelombang cahaya terhadap daya keluaran pada panel surya. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan mengukur teganan dan arus pada panel surya  menggunakan cahaya lampu berwarna merah, kuning, hijau dan biru dengan panjang gelombang masing-masing 706 nm, 662 nm, 538 nm dan 496 nm. Data Menunjukan bahwa warna merah yang mempunyai panjang gelombang lebih besar, menghasilkan daya keluaran yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan warna kuning, hijau dan biru.

Kata kunci: Panjang gelombang, Daya keluaran, Panel surya, Policrystalline, Cahaya

 

Research on the effect of light wavelengths on the power output of solar panels polycrystalline type. This study aims to determine the effect of light wavelength on the power output of solar panels. Measurements were performed by measuring voltage and current on solar panels using red, yellow, green and blue lights with their respective wavelengths on red, yellow, green and blue lights with a wavelength of 706 nm, 662 nm, 538 nm and 496 nm respectively. Data shows that the red color has a larger wavelength, resulting in greater output power compared to yellow, green and blue.

Keywords:   Wavelength, Power output, Solar panel, Polycrystalline, lights.
Marking Sacred Time and Sacred Place in The Grave of Sunan Pandan Aran
Authors: Usman Abraham
Published: April 2019

This study analyzes Islamic relations and traditions in the Pilgrimage ritual debate. The subject matter of the study emphasizes the aspects of timing and place of pilgrimage as important in the zairah procession. Through qualitative research, with the setting of the Tomb of Sunan Pandan Aran, data was obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. This study succeeded in revealing the grave pilgrimage debate in the contestation of traditional and modernist Islam. On the other hand, the community believes that the right time and day are important elements in the success of the pilgrimage. Making a pilgrimage in the middle of the night, especially on Tuesday and Friday nights becomes a determinant in the pilgrimage ritual. They feel fear, admiration, love, joy. These religious feelings are important things that make them miss, so they always want to come back again and again. The tomb of Sunan Pandan Aran is believed to be a holy place, the place of prayer for pilgrims is granted, and is considered sacred and mystical as a religious narrative of the community.
Al-Qur’an and Social Disability: Study Dilthey’s Hermeneutics
Authors: Husain Hafiz Syed , Nurani Shinta
Published: April 2019

Disability is a very complex issue and probably can influence various aspects in community life. Persons with disabilities are often hard to maintain the interaction between the limitation of individual function and the problems in their environment due to the negative attitude and stigma by discriminative people toward persons with disabilities. Besides, religion and normativity rules are very attentive and respect them (persons with disabilities). Inclusive education is effective and essential for persons with disabilities, but the modification of curriculum in class cannot meet their education rights relating to the social life as it should. The research method used is analytical descriptive in order to observe the possibility of hermeneutics towards the criticism of positivism as the dominant theme in research of social sciences, arts, and humanities. This paper relates to the disability social activities termed as social disability coming from the interpretation of Quran and social reality that then emerge the precious understanding and life experience for persons with disabilities so that it gives positive impact for students with disability, no disability, family, and large community.
Discourse on Mangkunegara IV Javanese Islamic Spiritual Leadership
Authors: Zuhri Amat
Published: April 2019

This study aims to analyze the concepts and patterns of spiritual leadership according to Serat Wedhatama, especially the ethical, ascetic and mystical potential of Mangkunegara IV Javanese Islamic spiritual leadership. In the context of civilizations and the treasure of Javanese Islamic literatures, just to have the properties as a warrior is not enough for a leader; one must also have the properties as a clergyman, or having Spiritual Leadership within oneself. Spiritual Leadership has become one of the materials to teach (piwulang) a prince, a future king or a ruler. The basis of this study is Serat Wedhatama by Mangkunegara IV which contains sublime teaching (piwulang luhur) which must be a guide for a leader. This study is a qualitative research. The data is obtained from Serat Wedhatama. Data were analyzed by descriptive method, with a scientific perspective of Sufism and hermeneutics. This study found that Serat Wedhatama teaches that a leader must adhere to the ethical, ascetic and mystical dimensions. The ethical dimension includes the behavior of a leader towards the community. Meanwhile, the ascetic dimension includes the inner attitude of a leader in order to purify his soul. And the ascetic dimension includes the form of the relationship between a leader and God.
Woman, Authority and Manifestation of God in The Narrative of Sufism
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: April 2019

This study aims to analyze the position of women in Islamic spiritual discourse. During this time, patriarchal culture places women in subordinate men in a variety of situations; politics, economics, culture, education and religion. This study criticizes the results of studies that narrate that women are second class. Through qualitative methods and descriptive analysis, this study relies on primary documents about traces of women in the labyrinth of Sufism. The results of the study indicate that the position of women is so central and a bridge to climb the title of Insan Kamil (perfect human). Many minor, nagging, and wrong views that view women has tempting, wild, bad instinct and as a barrier for the Sufis to reach the highest level. In the context of Sufism, women as seducers are God's elements that manifest on humans. As long as directed, she is the road to the perfection and the maqam of Insan Kamil. The world of Sufism understands women in the corridors of harmony and duality. Women are miniatures of nature. The famous Ibn ‘Arabi thesis says that God wants to be known so He creates nature. There is duality in it, Qahar, Luthf, Jamal and also Jalal. To the way of God, it cannot be separated from feminine and masculine aspects. Recognizing women is like recognizing God.
Embedded Life Cycle Costing Elements in Green Building Rating Tool
Authors: Khan Jam Shahzaib , Zakaria Rozana , Aminudin Eeydzah , Adiana Abidin Nur Izie , Mahyuddin Mohd Affifuddin , Ahmad Rosli
Published: April 2019

Green Building rating tools are the essential need of this era, to cope up with the sustainable development goals, climate change, and natural resource degradation through buildings. Realization of green building incentives decently increased within past few decades with abrupt declination in real estate markets and economic depletion has decelerated the interest of investors towards the green building projects. This research calculates influence of costing elements in MyCREST (IS-design) using questionnaire survey distributed amongst qualified professionals (QP’S) of green buildings and expert practitioners. Firstly, factor score and then weightage factor was performed to produce the final result with weightage output for evaluating weighatge and ranking of the relevant criteria of MyCREST and life cycle cost elements respectively. It is found that the criteria of storm water management has weighatge of 0.236 as highest and criteria environmental management plan (EMP) as 0.061 as lowest. Research also identified another perspective by finding association of cost element at design stage of MyCREST and found that management cost is highly associated at design stage with the value of 87.7%. The outcome of this research will add value to green building development and map road towards sustainable development using green building tools to uplift quality of life. Furthermore, this paves a way to integrate various stages of MyCREST with life cycle costing tool to potentially contribute in evaluating cost association through green building rating tool.
Performance of Concrete MRF at Near-Field Earthquakes Compared to Far-Field Earthquakes
Authors: Raji Farzaneh , Naeiji Amir
Published: April 2019

The characteristic of near-field earthquake records has been investigated in the previous studies. However, the effects of the near-field earthquakes on the response of the building structures need to be further investigated. Engineering demand parameters like inter-story drift ratio and floor acceleration can provide a good means for comparing the response of structures to the near-field and the far-field earthquakes. The main objective of this paper was to apply these two parameters to compare the behavior of the concrete Moment Resistant Frame (MRF) subjected to near-field and far-field ground motions. In this study, non-linear numerical simulations were performed on concrete MRF office buildings subjected to two sets of 14 near-field records and 14 far-field records. The analytical models simulated 4-story, 8-story, and 16 story buildings. The obtained results indicated that the near-field effects can increase the inter-story drift ratio and floor acceleration at lower stories of low and mid-rise building subjected to high ground motion intensities.
Concrete Beams Strengthened with Jute Fibers
Authors: Salih Yaseen Ali , Sabeeh Nadia Nazhat , Yass Mohammed Faeq , Ahmed Ahmed Shihab , Khudhurr Ektiffa Saleh
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, the reinforcement of concrete with natural fibers can consider being an effectual scheme to achieve the global demand for sustainable development. Due to sustainability, bio degradability, and environmental friendly, natural fibers are preferred as compared to synthetic fibers. The present study investigated the effect of width and thickness of jute fiber strips on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams (RC beams). The experimental program consisted testing of twenty-four RC beams (150*150*1000 mm) comprised of four groups. The first group consisted of three reference RC beams, the second group consisted of three RC beams strengthened longitudinally with carbon fiber strip (CFRP) of 15 cm width, the third group included nine RC beams strengthened longitudinally with one layer of jute fiber strips (JFRP) having variable width, 5, 10, and 15 cm, and lastly the fourth group which was same as the third group except using double layer of jute fiber strips. Generally, the results showed that toughness, ultimate flexural strength, and load carrying capacity of RC beams strengthened with JFRP were increased with the increase of the strip width and thickness. On the other hand, ductility and stiffness were decreased with the increase of the strip width. Test results showed that load carrying capacity was improved by 5.56 and 11.1% for one layer of jute fiber strips of 5 and 15 cm width respectively as compared with the reference specimens. On the other hand, the load carrying capacity was improved by 3.95 and 8.75 % for two layers of jute fiber strips of 10 and 15 cm width respectively as compared with the one layer strengthened specimens. Concerning the CFRP strengthening, the load carrying capacity was improved by 77.76% as compared with the reference specimens.
Effect of Waste Marble Powder and Fly Ash on the Rheological Characteristics of Cement Based Grout
Authors: Çınar Muhammet , Karpuzcu Mehmet , Çanakcı Hanifi
Published: April 2019

This paper shows the results of an experimental study conducted to research the impact of waste marble powder (WMP) and fly ash (FA) on the fluidity (marsh cone flow time (MCFT), mini-slump diameter and plate cohesion meter (PCM)) and the rheological properties (viscosity and yield stress) of cement based grout (CBG) mixtures. The experiments were applied with the CBG mix including 1.00 water-binder (w/b) ratios and combined use of WMP (5-25%), FA (5-25%) and WMP+FA (10-30% + constant 25%). Test results illustrated that the rheological properties of the CBGs importantly have been improved by the addition of WMP, FA and WMP+FA to grout mix at w/b=1 ratio. Strongly shear thickening behaviour was got from the CBG mixtures the all WMP, FA and WMP+FA content. The increase in the percentage of WMP (5-25%) amount reduced the mini-slump flow diameter. Moreover, the increment in the percentage of FA (5-25%) amount increments the mini slum flow. According to the control sample, the increment in the percentage of WMP (10-25%) amount increased the mini-slump flow diameter for constant FA (25%) content. Also, the increase in WMP amount in the CBG mix, there is no effect on MCFT. Also, MCFT decreased with the increase of FA amount. Especially, FA increased the fluidity of CBG, when the WMP showed negative effect in increase the MCFT in WMP+FA content.
New Sintanyl Phosphonates for Protection of Oil and Gas Pipelines from Steel Corrosion
Authors: Nikitin Evgeny , Shumatbaev Georgy , Terenzhev Dmitriy , Sinyashin Kirill , Rastergaev Egor
Published: April 2019

Many corrosion inhibitors are economically disadvantageous or toxic to the environment. Additionally, there are certain requirements for corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, the development of new corrosion inhibitors is one of the important problems in the oil-producing and oil-refining industry. The purpose of this work is the synthesis of new corrosion inhibitors with high inhibitory activity, the establishment of the structure of the compounds obtained and the determination of the anti-corrosion effect with respect to aggressive media. This paper presents the results of research on the development of new iron corrosion inhibitors. New α-aminophosphonates were synthesized based on the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Formalin, morpholine, phosphite containing residues of industrial non-ionic surfactants - syntanols as radicals were used as a raw material. The compounds obtained were isolated in high yield. The structure of the compounds obtained is established by modern methods of physico-chemical analysis. The protective effect of the compounds obtained was studied by a gravimetric method for 6, 24, 72 hour exposure and an inhibitor concentration of 10, 25, 50, 100 ppm. As an aggressive medium, a highly mineralized medium containing СО2 and Н2S was used in simulated formation water. The dynamics of changes in the protective effect of the resulting aminophosphonate from time to time, at dosages of 2.5-100 ppm, were studied using electrochemical analysis methods. The protective effect of syntanyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphonate obtained at 25 ppm and a shutter speed of 6 hours is 73-82%. The article shows that with increasing concentration, an increase in the protective effect is observed. The greatest protective (89,6) effect showed O-2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- (dodecyloxy) ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy ] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphone at a dosage of 100 ppm.
Effects of Near-fault Strong Ground Motions on Probabilistic Structural Seismic-induced Damages
Authors: Mirzaie Aminian Farzad , Khojastehfar Ehsan , Ghanbari Hamid
Published: April 2019

Seismic fragility curves measure induced levels of structural damage against strong ground motions of earthquakes, probabilistically. These curves play an important role in seismic performance assessment, seismic risk analysis and making rational decisions regarding seismic risk management of structures. It has been demonstrated that the calculated fragility curves of structures are changed while the structures are excited by near-field strong ground motions in comparison with far-field ones. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extents of modification for various performance levels and variety of structural heights. To achieve this goal, Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method is applied to calculate seismic fragility curves. To investigate the effects of earthquake characteristics, two categories of strong ground motions are assumed through IDA method, i.e. near and far-field sets. To study the extent of modification for various heights of structures, 4 – 6 and 10 stories moment-resisting concrete frames are considered as case studies.  Furthermore, to study the importance of involving near-field strong ground motions in seismic performance assessment of structures, the damage levels are considered as the renowned structural performance levels (i.e. Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, Collapse Prevention and Sidesway Collapse). Achieved results show that the fragility curve of low-rise frame (i.e. 4-story case study) for IO limit state presents more probability of damage applying near-fault sets in comparison with far-fault set. Investigating fragility curves of the other performance levels (i.e. LS, CP and Collapse) and the higher frames, a straightforward conclusion, regarding probability of damage. To achieve the rational results for the higher frames, mean annual frequency of exceedance (MAFE) and probability of exceeding limit states in 50 years are calculated. MAFE is defined as the integration of structural fragility curve over seismic hazard curve. According to the achieved results for 6-story frame, if the structure is excited by near-field strong ground motions the probability of exceedance for LS, CP and collapse limit states in 50 years will be increased up to 11%, 2.4%, 0.7% and 0.4% respectively, comparing with the calculated probabilities while far-field strong ground motions are applied. On the other hand, while the 10-story case study is excited by near-field strong ground motions, the exceedance probability values for mentioned limit states decreases up to 20%, 5%, 4% and 4%, respectively. Consequently, it can be concluded that the lower is the height of the structure, the more will be the increment of probability of damage in the near-field conditions. Furthermore, this increment is much more for IO limit state in comparison with other limit states. These facts can be applied as a precaution for seismic design of low-rise structures, while they are located at the vicinity of active faults.
Land Covers Change Assessment After Small Dam’s Construction Based on the Satellite Data
Authors: Bhatti Nabi Bux , Siyal Altaf Ali , Qureshi Abdul Latif , Bhatti Imtiaz  Ali
Published: April 2019

The small dams were constructed in the study area for storing the rainwater. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of small dams on the LCC (Land Cover Change) in Nangarparkar, Pakistan based on the satellite data. The ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) software was used for classification of the four year’s images and three classes viz. water, vegetation, and soil were taken for detection of LCC. The MLH (Maximum Likelihood) supervised method was used to classify the multispectral satellite images. The classified results of the classes were found different each year before and after dam construction. Average results of the two years before dam’s construction revealed that water availability, vegetation cover and soil cover was 3.02%, 18.52%, and 32.30% respectively. However, after the dam construction, the water availability, vegetation cover and soil cover was 8.49%, 34.33%, and 17.15% respectively. Overall results revealed that water availability and vegetation cover were increased by 5.47 % and 15.18% respectively while soil cover decreased 15.15% after the construction of dams. Hence, based on the results, it is confirmed that the constructions of small dams have a direct and indirect positive impact on the land cover changes and it can play an important role in the resettlement of the communities of the arid areas.